bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Falls Between the Cracks? Identifying Eligible PrEP&nbsp;Users Among People With Sub-saharan African Migration Background Living in Antwerp, Belgium
Authors: Veerle Buffel , Masquillier Caroline , Reyniers Thijs , Landeghem Ella Van , Wouters Edwin , Vuylsteke Bea , Nöstlinger Christiana 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: This study estimates the proportion of eligible PrEP users among people of Sub-Saharan African background based on the Belgian PrEP eligibility criteria and examines associations with socio-economic and demographic characteristics.Methods: We performed logistic regression analysis on data of a representative community-based survey conducted among sub-Saharan African communities (n=686) living in Antwerp. Results: Almost a third (30.3%) of the respondents were eligible to use PrEP. Those who were male, single, lower educated, undocumented, and had experienced forced sex were more likely to be eligible for PrEP use. The findings highlight the importance of taking intra-, interpersonal and structural HIV risk factors into account.Conclusions: The study shows high unmet PrEP needs in this population, especially among those with high vulnerability for HIV acquisition. A better understanding of barriers to PrEP use in this population group is needed to allow for equitable access.
The Impact of Social Insurance On Health Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults In Rural China: A Longitudinal Study Using A Three-Wave Nationwide Survey
Authors: Ma Xinxin , Oshio Takashi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Many studies have examined the impact of social insurance on health but the results have generally been mixed, presumably because they have not fully addressed potential biases related to cross-sectional study design. In this study, we conducted a longitudinal analysis to investigate how participation in two social insurance programs in China—the New Rural Social Pension Insurance (NRSPI) and the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS)—was associated with health outcomes among middle-aged and older adults in rural China.Methods. Using three-wave longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted in 2011, 2013, and 2015, we estimated the dynamic fixed-effects regression models to examine the association between participation in the NRCMS/NRSPI and six types of health outcome.Results. Participation in the NRSPI was positively associated with some health outcomes, but the associations were relatively modest and were observed only for some specific age and household income groups. Participation in the NRCMS was not associated with any health outcome.Conclusions. The results provide limited evidence of the positive impact of social insurance on health among middle-aged and older adults in rural China. Social insurance programs should be reformed to enhance their positive impact on health.
Understanding Antibiotic Use for Pig Farming in Thailand: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lekagul Angkana , Tangcharoensathien Viroj , Liverani Marco , Mills Anne , Rushton Jonathan , Yeung Shunmay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), recognised as a serious and growing threat to global health, is driven by antibiotic use. Understanding factors influencing antibiotic use is essential to design and implement effective interventions to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use and AMR. This study aims to explore the practices and views of the key actors associated with the use of antibiotics for pig farming in Thailand, from local farmers to officers in central government institutions.
Methods: A total of 31 in-depth interviews were conducted with pig farmers (n=13), drug retailers (n=5), veterinarians (n=7), and government officers (n=3) and representatives of health professional councils (n=2). Direct observations were conducted in pig farms. Thematic analysis based on practices, views and interests of actors regarding antibiotic use in pig production in Thailand.
Results: There are various factors influencing the use of antibiotics. The factors may trigger greater antibiotic use including lack of knowledge and awareness about antibiotics and AMR, economic incentives, and loose regulatory frameworks. Farmers considered that antibiotics are necessary to maintain animal health, prevent and control diseases, and ensure economic gains, so using antibiotics was considered a worthwhile investment in pigs. There was limited information about antibiotic use in the curriculum and lack of clinical practice guidelines for health professionals. Veterinarians faced challenges in diagnosis and lacked antibiotic prescribing guidelines. Pharmaceutical companies applied market promotion strategies to increase sales; and used professionals as mediators with farmers. There was no control of antibiotic sale and prescription via the regulatory environment. The national policy on AMR could be facilitating factor to optimise use of antibiotics but its influence was weak relative to other influences which favoured antibiotic use.
Conclusions: Our study highlights the need to improve antibiotic use in pig production in Thailand. Access to veterinary services and reliable information about animal health needs to be improved among farmers. Innovative low-cost investment in biosecurity could improve farm management and decrease reliance on antibiotics. Developing professional training and clinical guidelines, and establishing a code of conduct, are needed to improve practices in antibiotic prescription and sale amongst health professionals and industry.
Power Equipment Fault Information Acquisition System Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Wang Ruilian , Li Minghai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
With the advent of the Internet of things era, many of the original power equipment and its fault information acquisition system have the problems of low efficiency, slow and inaccurate fault information collection speed, so the design of intelligent system is very important. The purpose of this study is to design the power equipment fault information acquisition system of the Internet of things, and analyze the collection speed and accuracy of the system. In this study, a power company in our city was taken as the experimental object to collect the fault information reported by the company, and put the new IOT fault information acquisition system into use in another company. After using for one month, the data collected by the power equipment fault information acquisition system of the Internet of things are compared with the original system, and the information collection amount, accuracy and acquisition speed are calculated. The research results show that the company's low-voltage user acquisition success rate has reached more than 99%, and the F1 value of the power equipment information acquisition system of the Internet of things is 96.4%, which is much higher than 86.3% and 75.7% of other systems. With the increase of time, the fault information collection efficiency can approach 99%. It shows that the power equipment information acquisition system of the Internet of things has higher accuracy and speed of information acquisition than the traditional system and other systems, and greatly improves the working efficiency of the system. The conclusion is that the function of this research system is better, the economic loss of the company is reduced, and the management is optimized. It makes contribution to the optimization and intelligent development of power equipment fault information acquisition system.
Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Display (OST-HMD)–Assisted Needle Biopsy for Breast Tumor: A Technical Innovation
Authors: Kashiwagi Shinichiro , Asano Yuka , Morisaki Tamami , Goto Wataru , Kouhashi Rika , Yabumoto Akimichi , Ishihara Sae , Takashima Tsutomu , Hirakawa Kosei , Ohira Masaichi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Histological examinations using needle biopsy in ultrasound-guided intervention are widely performed to detect lesions by ultrasound. On the other hand, augmented reality (AR) is a new technology that provides new awareness by using a computer to extend the real environment perceived by humans. AR was introduced in the medical field in recent years. Optical see-through head-mounted displays (OST-HMD) are worn on the head and can faithfully generate an AR image by wearing the device on the head as a spectacle-type device. Here, we developed an ultrasound-guided needle biopsy technique using OST-HMD for breast tumors.Methods: Moverio BT-35E (Seiko Epson Corp, Nagano, Japan) was used as the OST-HMD device. This technique involves performing needle biopsy under direct vision via the gap at the bottom of the display while the ultrasound images are projected on the display of the OST-HMD worn on the head. Results: In conventional ultrasound-guided procedures, needle biopsy is performed while maintaining a posture facing the monitor of a fixed ultrasonic device, which restricts the examination doctor’s posture and movement. However, with this technique, needle biopsy can be executed smoothly with no posture restrictions. A flip shade affixed to the OST-HMD has 2% transmittance, which enables clearer projection of the images.Conclusions: This article outlines the ultrasound-guided needle biopsy using OST-HMD. Here we established a safe and accurate biopsy technique with technological innovations using AR.
Who could be One Health Activist at the community level?: A case for India
Authors: Yasobant Sandul , Bruchhausen Walter , Saxena Deepak , Memon Farjana Zakir , Falkenberg Timo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Community Health Workers (CHWs) are the mainstay of the public health system, serving for decades in low resource countries. Their multi-dimensional work in diverse health care services, including the prevention of communicable diseases and health promotion for non-communicable diseases, are making CHWs the frontline workers in their respective communities in India. As India is heading towards the development of One Health (OH), this study attempted to provide an insight into potential OH activists (OHA) at the community level. Thus, this case study in one of the western cities of India, Ahmedabad, targeted to identify OHA by exploring the motivation to become an OHA in a local setting.Methods: This case study explores two major CHWs i.e. female (Accredited Social Health Activists-ASHA) and male (multipurpose male health worker) on their motivation for becoming an OHA. The data was collected between September 2018 and August 2019 through a mixed design i.e. quantitative data (cross-sectional structured questionnaire) and qualitative data (focus group discussion with a semi-structured interview guide). Results: The motivation of the CHWs for OHA was found to be low. Although most CHWs have received zoonoses training or contributed to zoonoses prevention campaigns, their awareness level was found to be different among male and female health workers. ASHAs were found to be willing to accept the additional new liaison role of OHAs if measures like financial incentives and improved recognition are provided. Conclusion: The high demotivation of CHWs that has been documented on the individual, community, and health system level needs to be urgently addressed in future policies.
Effect of irrigation and planting geometry on cotton fiber quality and seed composition
Authors: Pinnamaneni Srinivasa R , Saseendran Anapalli S , Sui Ruixiu , Bellaloui Nacer , Reddy Krishna N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Cotton fiber quality and seed composition play vital roles in the economics of cotton production systems and cotton seed meal industry. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of different levels of irrigation and planting geometries on fiber quality and seed composition of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A two-year study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 on a Dundee silt loam soil in the Southeast USA with a warm and humid climate. Irrigation treatments were, irrigating every furrow (FI, full irrigation) and alternate furrow (HI, half irrigation), and no irrigation (RF, rainfed), and planting geometries were a single-row (SR) and twin-row (TR) on ridges spaced 102 cm apart. Fiber quality was tested by using the High-Volume Instrument (HVI) and Advanced Fiber Information Systems (AFIS). Seed protein, oil, and fiber were estimated using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Results: The results showed irrigation and planting treatments played a significant role in fiber quality and seed composition. Across irrigation treatments, significant differences were seen in fiber properties, including micronaire, uniformity, upper half mean length (UHML), strength, yellowness, short fiber, upper quartile length (UQL), fineness, maturity ratio, and neps. The micronaire was negatively affected by irrigation as FI-SR, FI-TR, HI-SR, and HI-TR had recorded 11-12% over the RF-SR and TR treatments. The planting geometry played a minor role in determining fiber quality traits like micronaire and nep count. Irrigation treatments recorded significantly lower protein content by 3-4 % than rainfed, while oil content significantly increased by 6-10 %. Conclusions: The results of the study indicate a potential for improving cotton fiber and seed qualities by managing irrigation and planting geometries in cotton production systems in the Mississippi Delta region.
Drug-eluting Bead transarterial chemoembolization in patients with renal carcinoma
Authors: Bao Zhiyu , Wu Haiyan , Qiu Zhonghua , Hu Meng , Yang Yanyan , Wang Xuan , Ren Zhongchen , Sun Haiyun , Liu Song , Qiao Yuangang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy,safety and outcomes of patients with renal carcinoma treated by transarterial chemoembolization using drug eluting beads.
Methods

Between 2017 and 2020,37 patients(mean age:70.2 years(33–92 years)) with renal carcinoma were enrolled in this study who were treated by transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)using pirarubicin-loaded beads.Clinical response was evaluated according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) criteria.The occurrence of adverse reactions was used to assess safety.Overall survival(OS), progression-free survival(PFS) were also calculated based on Kaplan–Meier method.
Results

All patients were treated with drug-eluting Bead transarterial chemoembolization(DEB-TACE) loaded with pirarubicin using CalliSpheres beads.The objective response rate(ORR) and disease control rate(DCR) were 75.7% and 91.9% respectively at 1 month after DEB-TACE.The median PFS was 13.2 months (95% CI:5.9–20.5 months), and the median OS was 23.6 months (95% CI:18.5–28.7 months).Among the 37 patients,12 had flank pain,5 had fever,5 had nausea and vomiting and 4 had hypertension.There were no serious adverse events.
Conclusion

DEB-TACE is a safe and feasible treatment for patients with renal carcinoma.
Ascorbic Acid Can Promote the Generation and Expansion&nbsp;of&nbsp;Neuroepithelial-Like Stem Cells Derived from HiPS/ES Cells Under Chemically Defined&nbsp;Conditions&nbsp;Through Promoting Collagen Synthesis
Authors: Bai Rui , Chang Yun , Saleem Amina , Wu Fujian , Tian Lei , Zhang Siyao , Li Ya’nan , Ma Shuhong , Don Tao , Guo Tianwei , You Yi , Lu Wenjing , Lan Feng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological, medically incurable disorder. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential to generate neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) which hold promise in therapy for SCI by transplantation. In our study, we aimed to establish a chemically defined culture system by using serum-free medium and ascorbic acid (AA) to generation and expansion of long-term self-renewing neuroepithelial-like stem cells (lt-NES cells) differentiated from hPSCs effectively and stably. Methods: We induce hESC/iPSC to neurospheres by using a newly established induction system in vitro in our study. And lt-NES cells derived from hESCs/iPSCs-neurospheres using two induction systems, including conventional N2 medium with gelatin-coated (coated) and N2+AA medium without pre-coated (AA) were characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and immunocytochemistry staining. Subsequently, lt-NES cells were induced to neurons and the microelectrode array (MEA) recording system was used to evaluate the functionality of neurons differentiated from lt-NES cells. Moreover, the mechanism of AA-induced lt-NES cells was explored through RNA-seq and the use of inhibitors. Results: HESCs/iPSCs were efficiently induced to neurospheres by using a newly established induction system in vitro. And lt-NES cells derived from hESCs/iPSCs-neurospheres using two induction system (coated vs AA) both expressed neural pluripotency-associated genes PAX6, NESTIN, SOX1, SOX2. After long-term cultivation, we found that they both can maintain the long-term expansion for more than a dozen generations while maintaining neuropluripotency. Moreover, the lt-NES cells retain the ability to differentiate into general functional neurons that highly express β-tubulin. We also demonstrated that AA promotes the generation and long-term expansion of lt-NES cells by promoting collagen synthesis via the MEK-ERK1/2 pathways. Conclusions: Taken together, this new chemically defined culture system is stable and effective to generate and culture the lt-NES cells induced by hESCs/iPSCs using serum-free medium combined with ascorbic acid (AA). The lt-NES cells under this culture system can maintain the long-term expansion and neural pluripotency, with the potential to differentiate into functional neurons. Keywords: Spinal cord injury, Neurospheres, Ascorbic acid, lt-NES cells, Human pluripotent stem cells.
Observed and Self-reported Hand Hygiene Compliances and Associated Factors among Healthcare Workers at a County Referral Hospital in Kenya
Authors: Kiprotich Karlmax , Kaminga Atipatsa Chiwanda , Kessi Miriam , Honghong Wang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Hand hygiene is effective in preventing and controlling healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs); however, its compliance remains low, and reasons are poorly understood, thus its research and feedback may lead to successful interventions. This study aimed to explore the observed and self-reported hand hygiene compliance and associated factors among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the medical/surgical ward of a county referral hospital. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was used in this study. Direct observation guided by 5 moments for hand hygiene concept was carried to describe compliance, and the questionnaire technique informed by Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was employed to investigate self-reported compliance, barriers, and facilitators of hand hygiene compliance. This study was done at a county referral hospital in Kenya. The total number of hand hygiene opportunities observed was 347 among 55 HCWs, and 132 HCWs filled the questionnaires. Results: The overall compliance based on direct observation was 23.9%, whereas self-reported compliance was 80.0%. Hand hygiene was significantly associated with indication (p < 0.001), training (p = 0.014), social influences (p = 0.002) and knowledge (p = 0.044). Barriers identified were environmental resources, social influences, beliefs about consequences, memory, attention, and decision processes. Facilitators included knowledge and social/professional role, and identity.Conclusions: Despite the high report rate of hand hygiene compliance, the observed compliance is unacceptably low. Although knowledge, and social/professional role and identity of the HCWs may primarily facilitate hand hygiene compliance, barriers associated with non-compliance such as environmental resources remain significant constraints and should be considered to ensure optimal hand hygiene compliance and quality of patient care. The results also suggest that HCWs education on hand hygiene still needs improvements, particularly on the 5 moments for hand hygiene.
Multiple pathways to scaling up and sustainability: An exploration of digital health solutions in South Africa
Authors: Swartz Alison , LeFevre Amnesty E , Perera Shehani , Kinney Mary V. , George Asha S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background With an aim to support further understanding of scaling up and sustaining digital health, we explore digital health solutions that have or are anticipated to reach national scale in South Africa: the Perinatal Problem Identification Programme and Child Healthcare Problem Identification Programme (mortality audit reporting and visualisation tools), MomConnect (a direct to consumer maternal messaging and feedback service) and CommCare (a community health worker data capture and decision-support application). Results A framework integrating complexity and scaling up processes was used to conceptually orient the study. Findings are presented by case through four domains: value proposition, actors, technology and organisational context. The scale and use of PPIP and Child PIP were driven by ‘champions’; clinicians who developed technically simple tools to digitise clinical audit data. Top-down political will at the national level drove the scaling of MomConnect, supported by ongoing financial and technical support from donors and technical partners. Donor preferences played a significant role in the selection of CommCare as the platform to digitise CHW service information, with a focus on HIV and TB. A key driver of scale across cases is leadership that recognises and advocates for the value of the digital health solution. The technology need not be complex but must navigate the complexity of operating within an overburdened and fragmented South African health system, where adequate and sustained investment from donors and government overall, and in particular in its human resource capacity and in robust monitoring and evaluation continue to threaten the sustainability of digital health solutions. Conclusions There is no single pathway to achieving scale up or sustainability, and there will be successes and challenges regardless of the configuration of the domains of value proposition, technology, actors and organisational context. While scaling and sustaining digital solutions has its technological challenges, perhaps more complex are the idiosyncratic factors and nature of the relationships between actors involved. Scaling up and sustaining digital solutions need to account for the interplay of the various technical and social dimensions involved in supporting digital solutions to succeed, particularly in health systems that are themselves social and political dynamic systems.