bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eurovisions: An Exploration and Explanation of Public Preferences for Future EU Scenarios
Authors: Goldberg Andreas C. , van Elsas Erika J. , De Vreese Claes H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPublic opinion on the EU has received growing attention in the last decades, with an ever‐increasing number of studies examining various aspects of it. Surprisingly, most studies focus on attitudes towards the past and present of the EU, yet we know very little about public attitudes towards the future of the EU. This study helps to fill this research gap by examining attitudes towards the EU's long‐term future using a novel approach. We developed eight concrete future EU scenarios based on an inductive analysis of qualitative survey data. Subsequently, respondents (in an independent survey) ranked their top three scenarios according to individual preferences. Using multidimensional unfolding, we show that these preferences form three clusters ordered along a more versus less EU dimension. In a second step, we used multinomial logistic regression to examine not only who supports which scenario (socio‐demographics) but also which EU attitudes lead to which future preferences. The analyses identify distinct characteristics and attitudes that drive people's preference for a given scenario. Overall, we find that factors such as occupational levels or left–right attitudes are strong determinants of preferences for the future of the EU, and that specific EU support (performance and utilitarian evaluations) is more important than diffuse EU support (identity and affect).
Entry limiting agreements: First‐mover advantage, authorized generics, and pay‐for‐delay deals
Authors: Bokhari Farasat A. S. , Mariuzzo Franco , Polanski Arnold 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring patent litigation, pay‐for‐delay (P4D) deals involve a payment from a patent holder of a branded drug to a generic drug manufacturer to delay entry and withdraw the patent challenge. In return for staying out of the market, the generic firm receives a payment, and/or an authorized licensed entry at a later date, but before the patent expiration. We examine why such deals are stable when there are multiple potential entrants. We combine the first‐mover advantage for the first generic with the ability of the branded manufacturer to launch an authorized generic (AG) to show when P4D deals are an equilibrium outcome. We further show that limiting a branded firm's ability to launch an AG before entry by a successful challenger will deter such deals. However, removing exclusivity period for the first generic challenger will not.
A new species of the Neotropical loricariid Hypostomus cochliodon group (Hypostominae) from the lower Rio Tapajós basin, Brazilian Amazon
Authors: de Oliveira Renildo R. , Ribeiro Frank R. V. , Canto André L. C. , Zawadzki Cláudio H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA new species of Hypostomus with spoon‐shaped teeth is described from the Rio Cupari basin, a right margin affluent of the lower Rio Tapajós, Pará State, Brazil. The new species inhabits rocky bottom areas in the main channel of Rio Cupari and its tributaries. The new species can be distinguished from all its congeners, except from the Hypostomus cochliodon group, by having six to eight spoon‐shaped teeth, dentaries angled at less than 80° and the absence of a notch between the hyomandibular and the metapterygoid. The new species is distinguished from all species of the H. cochliodon group by its unique colour pattern, containing dark vermiculations on head and anterior portion of the trunk, and by the absence of medial buccal papillae.
At Palmyra Atoll, the fish‐community environmental DNA signal changes across habitats but not with tides
Authors: Lafferty Kevin D. , Garcia‐Vedrenne Ana E. , McLaughlin John P. , Childress Jasmine N. , Morse Marisa F. , Jerde Christopher L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAt Palmyra Atoll, the environmental DNA (eDNA) signal on tidal sand flats was associated with fish biomass density and captured 98%–100% of the expected species diversity there. Although eDNA spilled over across habitats, species associated with reef habitat contributed more eDNA to reef sites than to sand‐flat sites, and species associated with sand‐flat habitat contributed more eDNA to sand‐flat sites than to reef sites. Tides did not disrupt the sand‐flat habitat signal. At least 25 samples give a coverage >97.5% at this diverse, tropical, marine system.
Prevalence of E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria spp. as potential pathogens: A comparative study for biofilm of sink drain environment
Authors: El‐Liethy Mohamed Azab , Hemdan Bahaa A. , El‐Taweel Gamila E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince knowledge and understanding of waterborne pathogens and their diseases are well illuminated, a few research publications on the prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms in various household sink drain pipes are often not extensively examined. Therefore, this study aims to (a) assess and monitor the densities of the bacterial community in the different natural biofilm that grow on plastic pipelines, (b) to detect Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria spp. from natural biofilm samples that are collected from the kitchen (n = 30), bathroom (n = 10), laboratories (n = 13), and hospital (n = 8) sink drainage pipes. Three bacterial species selected were assessed using a culture‐dependent approach followed by verification of isolates using both BIOLOG GEN III and polymerase chain reaction. The estimated number of each bacterium was 122 isolates, while 60, 20, 26, and 16 isolates were obtained from the natural biofilm samples, kitchen, bathroom, laboratories, and hospital, respectively. As for the tests, in all types of biofilm samples, the overall bacterial counts at low temperature (22°C) were higher than those at high temperature (37°C). Meanwhile, E. coli had the most significant number of bacterial microorganisms compared to the other two pathogens. Additionally, the most massive cell densities of E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria species were discovered in the biofilm collected from the kitchen, then the hospital. Statistically, the results reveal that there is a positive correlation (p ≥ .0001) with significance between the sources of biofilm. This work certainly makes the potential of household sink drain pipes for reservoir contagious pathogens more explicitly noticeable. Such knowledge would also be beneficial for prospective consideration of the threat to human public health and the environment.
Prevalence of serrated lesions, risk factors, and their association with synchronous advanced colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic screened individuals
Authors: Sekiguchi Masau , Kakugawa Yasuo , Matsumoto Minori , Nakamura Keiko , Mizuguchi Yasuhiko , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Yamada Masayoshi , Sakamoto Taku , Saito Yutaka , Matsuda Takahisa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimSerrated lesions (SLs) have attracted attention as precursors of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, their prevalence, risk factors, and clinical significance have not been satisfactorily elucidated. This study used high‐quality colonoscopy data to determine the prevalence of SLs and to identify their risk factors and relationship with synchronous advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) in asymptomatic screened individuals.MethodsThis study included data for 5218 individuals who underwent first‐time screening colonoscopy by highly experienced endoscopists. The relationships between baseline characteristics and the presence of SLs and those between the presence of SLs and synchronous ACN were assessed using the chi‐squared test and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe proportions of individuals with SLs and right‐sided SLs were 23.3% and 7.6%, respectively. Age, sex, family history of CRC, smoking, and body mass index were significantly related with the presence of SLs, and current smoking was most strongly associated with SLs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–3.2). The aOR (95% CI) of the presence of SLs, SLs sized ≥ 10 mm, and right‐sided SLs ≥ 5 mm for synchronous ACN was 1.4 (1.1–1.9), 3.5 (1.3–9.6), and 1.9 (1.0–3.8), respectively. The presence of left‐sided SLs ≥ 10 mm (without right‐sided SLs) was also significantly associated with ACN (aOR 8.1, 95% CI 2.0–33.7).ConclusionsThe relatively high prevalence of SLs and risk factors in screened individuals were elucidated and the significant relationship between SLs, particularly SLs ≥ 10 mm and right‐sided SLs ≥ 5 mm, and synchronous ACN was confirmed.
DOACs Versus VKAs in Older Adults Treated for Acute Venous Thromboembolism: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chaudhary Rahul , Pagali Sandeep , Garg Jalaj , Murad M. Hassan , Wysokinski Waldemar E. , McBane Robert D. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTVESFour direct‐acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Limited efficacy and safety data are available for their use in older adults (aged ≥75 years).METHODSMedline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched for trials comparing DOACs with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for the treatment of VTE in older adults from inception through January 1, 2020. Meta‐analysis was performed to assess the combined endpoint of recurrent VTE and related deaths and bleeding events (composite of major and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding). The Mantel‐Haenszel relative risk (RR) random effects model was used to pool results across studies.RESULTSSix randomized controlled trials at low risk of bias met criteria for inclusion with a total of 3,665 patients aged 75 years and older with follow‐up of 24 weeks or longer. Data for bleeding events were not available for dabigatran. Overall, DOACs had an improved efficacy over VKAs (RR = .56; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .38‐.82). There was no statistically significant difference in the safety outcomes (RR = .77; 95% CI = .56‐1.05). No significant heterogeneity was observed for efficacy outcome, and only moderate heterogeneity was observed for safety outcome.CONCLUSIONIn older adults with VTE, DOACs appear to improve rates of recurrent VTE and VTE‐related deaths compared with VKAs with similar bleeding outcomes.
Receptor for advanced glycation end products up‐regulation in cerebral endothelial cells mediates cerebrovascular‐related amyloid β accumulation after Porphyromonas gingivalis infection
Authors: Zeng Fan , Liu Yicong , Huang Wanyi , Qing Hong , Kadowaki Tomoko , Kashiwazaki Haruhiko , Ni Junjun , Wu Zhou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCerebrovascular‐related amyloidogenesis is found in over 80% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, and amyloid β (Aβ) generation is increased in the peripheral macrophages during infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a causal bacterium for periodontitis. In this study, we focused on receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), the key molecule involves in Aβ influx after P. gingivalis infection to test our hypothesis that Aβ transportation from periphery into the brain, known as “Aβ influx,” is enhanced by P. gingivalis infection. Using cultured hCMEC/D3 cell line, in comparison to uninfected cells, directly infection with P. gingivalis (multiplicity of infection, MOI = 5) significantly increased a time‐dependent RAGE expression resulting in a dramatic increase in Aβ influx in the hCMEC/D3 cells; the P. gingivalis‐up‐regulated RAGE expression was significantly decreased by NF‐κB and Cathepsin B (CatB)‐specific inhibitors, and the P.gingivalis‐increased IκBα degradation was significantly decreased by CatB‐specific inhibitor. Furthermore, the P. gingivalis‐increased Aβ influx was significantly reduced by RAGE‐specific inhibitor. Using 15‐month‐old mice (C57BL/6JJmsSlc, female), in comparison to non‐infection mice, systemic P. gingivalis infection for three consecutive weeks (1 × 108 CFU/mouse, every 3 days, intraperitoneally) significantly increased the RAGE expression in the CD31‐positive endothelial cells and the Aβ loads around the CD31‐positive cells in the mice's brains. The RAGE expression in the CD31‐positive cells was positively correlated with the Aβ loads. These observations demonstrate that the up‐regulated RAGE expression in cerebral endothelial cells mediates the Aβ influx after P. gingivalis infection, and CatB plays a critical role in regulating the NF‐κB/RAGE expression.
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Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15073
The caudal neurosecretory system: A novel thermosensitive tissue and its signal pathway in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Authors: Yuan Mingzhe , Li Xiaoxue , Lu Weiqun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEctotherm animals, such as fish, are vulnerable when facing an extreme temperature fluctuation as a result of their inability to maintain body temperature. The caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) is unique to fish and has been shown to maintain homeostasis in response to seasonal changes. However, its temperature sensitivity is unknown. Here, we used in vitro electrophysiological and anatomical approaches to investigate a thermosensory pathway in the CNSS. We showed that the CNSS responds directly to local hypothermal challenge via the TRP channel, and transmits this signal using the neurotransmitter, GABA, to the neurosecretory Dahlgren cells of the CNSS. These findings are the first demonstration of the thermal perception of the CNSS and add to our understanding of the physiological role of the CNSS in thermoregulation and seasonal adaptation.
To explore the experience of research nurses who obtain consent from adults in emergency settings to participate in clinical trials, either prospectively or post enrolment
Authors: Brown Pauline , Newham Roger , Hewison Alistair 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo explore the understanding and experiences of research nurses who obtain informed consent from adult patients participating in emergency care research.DesignQualitative phenomenographic descriptive study.MethodsTen research nurses from six hospitals in England were recruited. Data were collected using semi‐structured face‐to‐face and telephone interviews between January 2019 and March 2019. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically, informed by phenomenography. COREQ was followed.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (a) emergency research is different, (b) protecting the patient, and (c) experience and confidence with recruitment. It was found that obtaining patient consent in emergency care research was challenging and timing of the process was crucial. Nurses with more experience of emergency care were more confident in approaching patients and their families. There was variability in out‐of‐hours recruitment which was a consequence of the range of informed consent processes used and the different levels of engagement of clinical teams.ConclusionThere is a variety of organisational cultures, processes and procedures which affect the way consent is obtained in emergency care research. A team approach was evident in the hospitals where consent rates were high and was more successful than those reliant solely on the presence of a research nurse. Organisations were able to recruit successfully to emergency care research studies irrespective of size and configuration. Further investigation of their models of working and strategies for engagement is needed. Experienced research nurses made a positive difference to recruitment and were more likely to approach patients to obtain consent.Relevance to clinical practiceThe understanding and experiences of recruitment to clinical trials in emergency care research by research nurses can help identify barriers to recruitment. This study provides useful insights for healthcare practitioners, clinical trials coordinators and sponsors about how best to develop protocols and policies to increase recruitment to emergency care research.
Brassinin, a brassica-derived phytochemical, regulates monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and inflammatory responses in human monocytes and murine macrophages
Authors: Kang Bobin , Hwang Jisu , Choi Hyeon-Son 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The effects and molecular mechanisms of brassinin (BR), an indole phytoalexin from cruciferous vegetables, on monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and inflammatory responses were investigated in this study.

Methods
Inflammatory responses from RAW264.7 cells and THP-1 were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (1 µg/ml), and monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation of THP-1 was induced by phorbol myristate acetate (50 ng/ml). The production of inflammatory mediators was determined by ELISA, Western blot or real-time PCR. Reactive oxygen species were examined by DCFH-DA assay.

Key findings
Brassinin at 50 µm suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 and reactive oxygen species by 90%, 69%, 52% and 41%, respectively, in RAW264.7 cells. In THP-1 cells, BR inhibited phorbol myristate acetate-induced monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation by suppressing cluster of differentiation molecule β and CD36. In addition, BR suppressed translocation of nuclear factor ‘kappa-light-chain-enhancer’ of activated B cells (NF-κB) into the nucleus. However, BR activated the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and its target molecules hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), with an increase in nuclear translocation of Nrf2.

Conclusions
Brassinin suppressed monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and inflammatory responses by differentially regulating Nrf2 and NF-κB signallings.
Antiviral treatment using the adenosine nucleoside analogue GS‐441524 in cats with clinically diagnosed neurological feline infectious peritonitis
Authors: Dickinson Peter J. , Bannasch Michael , Thomasy Sara M. , Murthy Vishal D. , Vernau Karen M. , Liepnieks Molly , Montgomery Elizabeth , Knickelbein Kelly E. , Murphy Brian , Pedersen Niels C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFeline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is caused by a mutant biotype of the feline enteric coronavirus. The resulting FIP virus (FIPV) commonly causes central nervous system (CNS) and ocular pathology in cases of noneffusive disease. Over 95% of cats with FIP will succumb to disease in days to months after diagnosis despite a variety of historically used treatments. Recently developed antiviral drugs have shown promise in treatment of nonneurological FIP, but data from neurological FIP cases are limited. Four cases of naturally occurring FIP with CNS involvement were treated with the antiviral nucleoside analogue GS‐441524 (5‐10 mg/kg) for at least 12 weeks. Cats were monitored serially with physical, neurologic, and ophthalmic examinations. One cat had serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis (including feline coronavirus [FCoV]) titers and FCoV reverse transcriptase [RT]‐PCR) and serial ocular imaging using Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomography (FD‐OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). All cats had a positive response to treatment. Three cats are alive off treatment (528, 516, and 354 days after treatment initiation) with normal physical and neurologic examinations. One cat was euthanized 216 days after treatment initiation following relapses after primary and secondary treatment. In 1 case, resolution of disease was defined based on normalization of MRI and CSF findings and resolution of cranial and caudal segment disease with ocular imaging. Treatment with GS‐441524 shows clinical efficacy and may result in clearance and long‐term resolution of neurological FIP. Dosages required for CNS disease may be higher than those used for nonneurological FIP.
Digestible energy, protein, and energy–protein ratio requirements of Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum
Authors: Silva Tarcila Souza de Castro , Zanon Ricardo Basso , Mourão Gerson Barreto , Cyrino José Eurico Possebon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe use of novel aquaculture species depends on the determination of their nutritional requirements. This study aims at determining dietary protein, energy, and protein–energy ratio requirements of juvenile striped surubim, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum, an economically important carnivorous South American catfish for capture fisheries and highly regarded for fish farming purposes. Juvenile striped surubim (53.6 ± 1.30 g, n = 525) were randomly stocked (n = 7) in 75 test cages (210 L) and hand fed for 60 days, two daily meals, with 25 diets formulated to contain five levels of digestible protein (DP) (320, 360, 400, 440, and 480 g/kg) and five levels of digestible energy (DE) (15.1, 15.6, 16.1, 16.6, and 17.2 MJ/kg) in a completely randomized design, 5 × 5 factorial scheme (n = 3). Dietary energy and protein level affected performance, feed efficiency, and metabolism while the whole‐body composition was not affected by diets. Estimated dietary requirements for the best performance and best nutrient retention were 15.1 MJ/kg DE and 390 g/kg DP, therefore a 25.9 g/MJ of DP:DE ratio.
Translating Laboratory Evidence into Classroom Practice with Teacher‐Led Randomized Controlled Trials—A Perspective and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Churches Richard , Dommett Eleanor J. , Devonshire Ian M. , Hall Robin , Higgins Steve , Korin Astrid 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTWe initiated and structured a single program that supervised teachers, some with neuroscience or psychology degrees, to collaborate and explore the effects of science of learning‐translated pedagogy. This article reports on the 34 findings from teacher‐led randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and replications. Teachers designed trials, looking at areas such as attention, memory, and spaced learning. Overall, positive effects were found over short periods (1–6 weeks; r = 0.15, p < .0001 [d = 0.30], N = 2,157). However, retrieval practice (testing as a learning experience) had differential effects mediated by age, approach, and lesson content. Results suggest science of learning‐translated pedagogy needs extensive replication to establish how best to use laboratory evidence in classrooms. Multiple planned replication of teacher‐led RCTs has potential as an evaluation tool, combining high levels of mundane realism with strong internal validity and the potential to build cost effective large samples for meta‐analysis.
Negotiating “True” Politics: Intergenerational Dynamics During Social Uprising in Sarajevo, Bosnia‐Herzegovina
Authors: Garić‐Humphrey Nataša 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article analyzes complex intergenerational dynamics during the 2014 uprising in Sarajevo, Bosnia‐Herzegovina, and critically engages with the Rancièrian notion of the political. During the Sarajevo uprising, those who had been excluded from participation in sociopolitical life and distribution of resources challenged the existing political status quo. Protesters emerged as new subjects that observers and participants could not define as any preexisting group occupying spaces within mainstream politics. However, members of different generations differed on whether violence was necessary to create positive change, whether this change should happen from within or outside of the existing political structure, and if power should be distributed horizontally or hierarchically. I argue that coming of age in three different political periods—socialist, immediate postwar, and a period of increased economic crisis—influenced divergent views on how to generate change. One view is not better than the other; they are simply different forms of political engagement signaling complex political subjectivities.