bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CircRNA CDR1as knockdown inhibits progression of non‐small‐cell lung cancer by regulating miR‐219a‐5p/SOX5 axis
Authors: Li Yaming , Zhang Jinzhao , Pan Shuang , Zhou Jing , Diao Xin , Liu Song 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in the development of human cancers by regulating multiple cell processes. CircRNA antisense to the cerebellar degeneration‐related protein 1 transcript (circCDR1as) expression is dysregulated in many cancers, including non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanism by which circCDR1as mediates the development of NSCLC remains unknown.MethodsA total of 30 paired cancer and normal tissues were collected from patients with NSCLC. The expression levels of circCDR1as, microRNA (miR)‐219a‐5p and Sex determining region Y‐box protein 5 (SOX5) were measured in tissues or cells by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction or western blot. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide, colony formation, flow cytometry and transwell assays, respectively. The target relationship between miR‐219a‐5p and circCDR1as or SOX5 was validated by dual‐luciferase reporter assay.ResultsCircCDR1as expression was elevated in NSCLC tissues and cells in comparison to the matched controls. Interference of circCDR1as led to obvious inhibition of cell viability, migration and invasion and increase of apoptosis in NSCLC cells. MiR‐219a‐5p acted as a target of circCDR1as and miR‐219a‐5p downregulation attenuated the regulatory effect of circCDR1as silencing on NSCLC progression. Moreover, miR‐219a‐5p targeted SOX5 to repress the progression of NSCLC in vitro. Besides, circCDR1as knockdown reduced the expression of SOX5 by increasing miR‐219a‐5p level.ConclusionKnockdown of circCDR1as inhibited the progression of NSCLC by decreasing cell viability, migration and invasion and increasing apoptosis by upregulating miR‐219a‐5p and downregulating SOX5.
Multiple evolutionary lineages detected in giant reed (Arundo donax L.): Applied and evolutionary perspectives
Authors: Zecca Giovanni , Tommasi Nicola , Grassi Fabrizio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIdentification of independent evolutionary lineages is a modern challenge for biologists especially in crops with high potential. Molecular methods, usually used to explore intraspecific variation, also offer important information regarding how and when lineages have evolved and spread. Today, several tools to define the demarcation of lineages based on single or multi‐locus data are available, permitting objective results to be obtained. We tested nuclear and plastid loci using five different approaches to delimit the major lineages and estimate the divergence times in giant reed (Arundo donax L.). It is an emerging energy crop, widespread in sub‐tropical and temperate regions but particularly aggressive outside its native range. Our results support the presence of six lineages distributed from the Asian regions to the Mediterranean basin and indicate the western and southern edges of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau as the putative area of origin and source of ancient and cryptic lineages. We suppose it could be an area that has fertile populations. These results should be considered in breeding programmes to produce new cultivars, especially because the absence of fertility for Mediterranean giant reed lineages reduces the opportunity of crop improvement. Moreover, the description of multiple lineages and identifying its putative ancestral area may be helpful to researchers working on invasiveness management, phytoremediation programmes and conservation biology.
Associations between prescribed benzodiazepines, overdose death and buprenorphine discontinuation among people receiving buprenorphine
Authors: Park Tae Woo , Larochelle Marc R. , Saitz Richard , Wang Na , Bernson Dana , Walley Alexander Y. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsBenzodiazepines are commonly prescribed to patients with opioid use disorder receiving buprenorphine treatment, yet may increase overdose risk. However, prescribed benzodiazepines may improve retention in care by reducing buprenorphine discontinuation and thus may prevent relapse to illicit opioid use. We aimed to test the association between benzodiazepine prescription and fatal opioid overdose, non‐fatal opioid overdose, all‐cause mortality and buprenorphine discontinuation.Design and SettingThis was a retrospective cohort study using five individually linked data sets from Massachusetts, United States government agencies.ParticipantsWe studied 63 389 Massachusetts residents aged 18 years or older who received buprenorphine treatment between January 2012 and December 2015.MeasurementsFilled benzodiazepine prescription during buprenorphine treatment was the main independent variable. The primary outcome was time to fatal opioid overdose. Secondary outcomes were time to non‐fatal opioid overdose, all‐cause mortality and buprenorphine discontinuation. We defined buprenorphine discontinuation as having a 30‐day gap without another prescription following the end date of the previous prescription. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazards ratios that tested the association between receipt of benzodiazepines and all outcomes, restricted to periods during buprenorphine treatment.FindingsOf the 63 345 individuals who received buprenorphine, 24% filled at least one benzodiazepine prescription during buprenorphine treatment. Thirty‐one per cent of the 183 deaths from opioid overdose occurred when individuals received benzodiazepines during buprenorphine treatment. Benzodiazepine receipt during buprenorphine treatment was associated with an increased risk of fatal opioid overdose adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.10‐4.06, non‐fatal opioid overdose, adjusted HR = 2.05, 95% CI, 1.68‐2.50, all‐cause mortality, adjusted HR = 1.90, 95% CI, 1.48‐2.44 and a decreased risk of buprenorphine discontinuation, adjusted HR = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.85‐0.89.ConclusionsBenzodiazepine receipt appears to be associated with both increased risk of opioid overdose and all‐cause mortality and decreased risk of buprenorphine discontinuation among people receiving buprenorphine.
Nicotine replacement therapy sampling for smoking cessation within primary care: results from a pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial
Authors: Carpenter Matthew J. , Wahlquist Amy E. , Dahne Jennifer , Gray Kevin M. , Garrett‐Mayer Elizabeth , Cummings K. Michael , Davis Robert , Egan Brent M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsWithin the context of busy clinical settings, health‐care providers need practical, evidence‐based options to engage smokers in quitting. Sampling of nicotine replacement therapy [i.e. provision of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT starter kits)] is a brief, pragmatic strategy to address this need. We aimed to compare the effects of NRT sampling plus standard care (SC), relative to SC alone, provided by primary care providers during routine clinic visits.DesignCluster‐randomized clinical trial.SettingTwenty‐two primary care clinics in South Carolina, USA.ParticipantsAdult smokers [n = 1245; 61% female, mean age = 50.7, standard deviation (SD) = 13.5] both motivated and unmotivated to quit, seen during routine clinical visit. Interventions were provider‐delivered SC (n = 652, 12 clinics) cessation advice or SC + a 2‐week supply of both nicotine patch and lozenge, with minimal instructions on use (n = 593; 10 clinics).MeasurementsThe primary outcome was 7‐day point prevalence smoking abstinence at 6‐month follow‐up, using intent‐to‐treat. Additional outcomes included NRT use and quit attempts, assessed at 1, 3 and 6 months following baseline.FindingsSeven‐day point prevalence abstinence rates were significantly higher in the NRT sampling group throughout follow‐up, including at 6 months [12 versus 8%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0–2.4]. NRT sampling increased prevalence of any use of NRT (65 versus 25%, OR = 5.8, 95% CI = 4.3–7.7), with higher prevalence of use at 6 months (25 versus 14%, OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.5–2.7). NRT sampling increased the rate of quit attempts in the initial month (24 versus 18%, OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0–2.3) but had no significant effect on overall rate of quit attempts (48 versus 45%, OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.8–1.7).ConclusionProviding smokers with a free 2‐week starter kit of nicotine replacement therapy increased quit attempts, use of stop smoking medications and smoking abstinence compared with standard care in a primary care setting.
Population dynamics of dasyurid marsupials in dryland Australia: Variation across habitat and time
Authors: Pavey Chris R. , Nano Catherine E. M. , Waltert Matthias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe irruptive population dynamics of rodents are a globally renowned wildlife phenomenon; however, the dynamics of other small mammals with which rodents are sympatric are poorly understood. Dryland Australia supports a high diversity of small (<200 g) arthropod‐eating marsupials (Dasyuridae). Here, we test the hypothesis that dasyurid marsupials do not exhibit the same degree of irruptive population dynamics that are shown by rodents. We addressed this question by sampling small mammal assemblages on 20 permanent trapping sites in the Simpson Desert on 20 occasions from 2007 to 2017. Sampling was stratified across three broad habitat types: sandridge, gibber plain and clay plain. We captured 478 dasyurid marsupials of nine species, ranging in mean body mass from 5.75 to 93.50 g, at a capture rate of 1.71 per 100 trap‐nights. Capture rate varied across habitat and over time and the interaction between these two effects was also significant. Capture rate was highest on clay plain (3.35 captures/100 trap‐nights), followed by gibber plain (2.16 captures/100 trap‐nights) and lowest on sand habitat (0.54 captures/100 trap‐nights). Each species had a clear preference for one of the dominant habitat types. Dasyurid assemblages responded to high rainfall pulses in November–December 2008 and January 2015; however, the largest rainfall period in 2010–2011 resulted in very low captures. Likewise, a peak in abundance occurred in April 2008 although it was not preceded by high rainfall. We conclude that, although dasyurid marsupial capture rates varied up to 34 fold during the study period, population changes are not strongly tied to rainfall. Heterothermic physiology in this family, in particular the ability to use daily torpor to save energy, may be central to the decoupling of population dynamics from rainfall‐driven primary productivity.
Uterus transplantation: Perspectives of Australian women with absolute uterine factor infertility regarding desirability and utility
Authors: Pittman Jana , Mogensen Lise , Brännström Mats , Chan Warren , Morrison Natalie 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundUterus transplantation is an emerging surgical innovation offering the option of genetic and gestational motherhood to women with absolute uterine factor infertility. More than 15 centres worldwide have now commenced clinical trials, but the procedure has not been performed in Australia.AimTo explore the awareness, attitudes and perceptions regarding uterus transplantation among Australian women with absolute uterine infertility.Materials and MethodsAn online survey targeting Australian women with absolute uterine factor infertility was performed. Data collected included demographic data, infertility circumstances, considered motherhood options and wellbeing, followed by specific questions regarding uterus transplantation. In total, the participants completed 50 items.ResultsAll 57 respondents (90% response rate) indicated awareness of uterus transplantation. Of the women who desired parenthood, more than two‐thirds indicated a strong desire to carry their own child, with an even higher number (80%) endorsing the need for the procedure to be an option in Australia. Which donor model is preferred (deceased or live), requires further exploration.ConclusionThis study indicates that uterus transplantation is desired by the majority of Australian women with absolute uterine factor infertility. Clinical introduction of uterus transplantation in Australia has strong support from the women who would benefit from the procedure.
Impact of legislative change on waiting time for women accessing surgical abortion services in a rural hospital in the Northern Territory
Authors: Belton Suzanne , McQueen Georgia , Ali Edwina 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundWomen face challenges when accessing abortion, including varied legislation and reduced access to services in rural and remote settings. There are limited clinical guidelines in Australia and little information regarding the patient journey, particularly the timeframe between referral to abortion procedure. Legislation reform in the Northern Territory (NT) legalised early medical abortion (EMA) in primary health care, providing an opportunity to review service provision of elective surgical abortion prior to and after these changes.AimsTo review the waiting time to access abortion, percentage eligible for EMA based on ultrasound gestation alone, percentage of Indigenous women accessing abortion in the NT and the effects of the legislation change.Materials and MethodsRetrospective audit‐analysed surgical abortion data from 354 patient files who underwent suction curettage of uterus between 2012–2017 in one NT public hospital.ResultsMean wait‐time ranged from 20 to 22 days in 2012–2016 and dropped to 15 days in 2017 following the law reform. Sixty‐two percent of women waited longer than that in the recommended clinical guidelines. Indigenous women represented approximately 25% of patients accessing surgical abortion services. Average gestation at surgical abortion procedure increased following reform. Prior to reform up to 95% of patients accessing surgical abortion would have been eligible for EMA at time of referral.ConclusionsResults demonstrate potential for changes in service provision of abortion in the NT with increased choice, patient‐centred care and reduced waiting times. This audit demonstrated the possibility to move the majority of abortion services into primary health care leading to cost savings.
The need for clean air: The way air pollution and climate change affect allergic rhinitis and asthma
Authors: Eguiluz‐Gracia Ibon , Mathioudakis Alexander G. , Bartel Sabine , Vijverberg Susanne J. H. , Fuertes Elaine , Comberiati Pasquale , Cai Yutong Samuel , Tomazic Peter Valentin , Diamant Zuzana , Vestbo Jørgen , Galan Carmen , Hoffmann Barbara 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAir pollution and climate change have a significant impact on human health and well‐being and contribute to the onset and aggravation of allergic rhinitis and asthma among other chronic respiratory diseases. In Westernized countries, households have experienced a process of increasing insulation and individuals tend to spend most of their time indoors. These sequelae implicate a high exposure to indoor allergens (house dust mites, pets, molds, etc), tobacco smoke, and other pollutants, which have an impact on respiratory health. Outdoor air pollution derived from traffic and other human activities not only has a direct negative effect on human health but also enhances the allergenicity of some plants and contributes to global warming. Climate change modifies the availability and distribution of plant‐ and fungal‐derived allergens and increases the frequency of extreme climate events. This review summarizes the effects of indoor air pollution, outdoor air pollution, and subsequent climate change on asthma and allergic rhinitis in children and adults and addresses the policy adjustments and lifestyle changes required to mitigate their deleterious effects.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest that Kangaroo position protects against apnoea of prematurity
Authors: Montealegre‐Pomar Adriana , Bohorquez Adriana , Charpak Nathalie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine whether the Kangaroo position decreased apnoea events in preterm newborns compared with conventional care in incubator.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of clinical trials published in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. A comprehensive literature search was realised until 2017. The main outcome was apnoea events. Data were extracted and combined in a fixed‐effects model. The quality of the evidence was assessed according to the GRADE framework (grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations).ResultsFour original clinical trials were selected. These trials were conducted in India and Nepal, between 2005 and 2016. The systematic review comprised 416 preterm newborns. Three studies were randomised controlled trials and one was quasi‐experimental. Meta‐analysis showed a statistically significant reduction in apnoea episodes (relative risk [RR] 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22, 0.78). The result remained significant when only the three clinical trials were analysed (RR 0.43; 95% CI 0.23, 0.83). Quality analysis indicated moderate quality because of lack of an appropriate method of randomisation in one study.ConclusionThe Kangaroo position could have protective effect against apnoea events in preterm infants, decreasing the associated risk of death or long‐term disability.
Naltrexone–bupropion (Mysimba) in management of obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of unpublished clinical study reports
Authors: Onakpoya Igho J. , Lee Joseph J. , Mahtani Kamal R. , Aronson Jeffrey K. , Heneghan Carl J. 
Published: January 2020

AimsTo compare the benefits and harms of naltrexone–bupropion using evidence from clinical study reports.MethodsWe searched Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency websites, PubMed, and Clinicaltrials.gov (May 2016) to identify pivotal trials; we then sent a freedom of information request to the European Medicines Agency (July 2016). We included pivotal, phase III placebo‐controlled trials. We assessed the risks of bias using the Cochrane criteria, and the quality of the evidence using GRADE. We used a random‐effects model for meta‐analyses.ResultsOver a 27‐month period (July 2016 to August 2018), we received 31 batches of clinical study report documents containing over 65 000 pages of data from 4 pivotal trials (n = 4536). Significantly more participants who took naltrexone–bupropion achieved ≥5% reduction in body weight: risk ratio (RR) = 2.1 (95% confidence interval 1.35–3.28), P = .001, GRADE = low, number needed to treat (NNT) to benefit = 5 (3–17); this represents a 2.53 kg (1.85–3.21) reduction in baseline body weight compared with placebo. Naltrexone–bupropion had significantly beneficial effects on other cardiovascular risk factors; however, the true effect sizes for these are uncertain because of incomplete outcome data. Naltrexone–bupropion significantly increased the risk of adverse events: RR = 1.11 (1.05–1.18, P = .0004, GRADE = low, NNT to harm = 12 7–27); serious adverse events: RR = 1.70 (1.38–2.1, P < .00001, GRADE = moderate, NNT to harm = 21 13–38); and discontinuation because of adverse events: RR = 1.92 (1.65–2.24, P < .00001, GRADE = moderate, NNT to discontinue treatment = 9 8–13).ConclusionsNaltrexone–bupropion significantly reduces body weight by a small amount but significantly increases the risk of adverse events. A rigorous process of postmarketing surveillance is required.
Eating, sleeping and sexual function disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Thannickal Aneesa , Brutocao Claire , Alsawas Mouaz , Morrow Allison , Zaiem Feras , Murad Mohammad Hassan , Javed Chattha Asma 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeWe aim to evaluate the association of PCOS with eating, sleeping and sexual function disorders.MethodsA comprehensive search including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus through 01 August 2018 was conducted for studies reporting the prevalence of any eating, sleep or sexual function disorders in patients with PCOS. Independent reviewers selected studies and extracted data. A random‐effects model was utilized to generate pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for binary outcomes, and mean difference (MD) and 95% CI for continuous outcomes.ResultsWe included 36 studies reporting on 349,529 patients. Compared to women without PCOS, women with PCOS were more likely to have bulimia nervosa (OR 1.37; %CI, 1.17 to 1.60), binge eating (OR 2.95; 95%CI, 1.61 to 5.42), or any eating disorder (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.18 to 3.24); but not anorexia nervosa (OR 0.92; 95%CI, 0.78 to 1.10). Women with PCOS were more likely to have sleep disorders like hypersomnia (OR 4.39; %CI, 1.07 to 18.07) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OR 10.81; %CI, 2.39 to 48.83). Women with PCOS had lower sexual satisfaction as measured on a visual analogue scale (MD −29.67; 95% CI, −36.97 to −22.37), but no difference in Total Female Sexual Function Index (MD −0.06; 95% CI, −0.51 to 0.38).ConclusionPCOS can be associated with an increased risk of eating and sleeping disorders as well as decreased sexual satisfaction. Screening for these disorders in women with PCOS may allow early intervention and improve quality of life.
Palliative treatment of recurrent tracheal pleomorphic adenoma 10 years after segmental resection using the endobronchial shaver
Authors: Karamustafaoglu Yekta Altemur , Yanık Fazlı , Yoruk Yener 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThoracic surgeons often encounter patients with obstruction of the central airways requiring bronchoscopy to provide an open airway. The endobronchial shaver (Richard Wolf GmbH,Germany) is one of the new devices available for treatment of central airway obstruction. We report a tracheal tumor managed with this device.MethodsWe report the successful use of endobronchial shaver via rigid bronchoscopy to resecte a complex stenosis 77‐year‐old male patient. Patient admitted to our clinic for progressive dyspnea and stridor. The patient’s medical history was cervical collar incision with resection and anastomosis 10 years ago. A mass causing a obstruction of 70% of the tracheal lumen was detected with fiberoptic bronchoscopy. So, we decided to use endobronchial shaver for immediate effect.ResultsTrachea was successfully recanalized with Endobronchial shaver (Richard Wolf GmbH, Germany). The patient was successfully extubated, and his dyspnea was resolved. Histopathologic examination of debris was revealed a tracheal pleomorphic adenoma. Postoperative course was uneventful and there was no evidence of recurrent or stenosis in 5 months of follow‐up.ConclusionThe Endobronchial shaver is an excellent instrument to manage intrluminal complex stenoses including tumor and granulation tissue with advantages including efficient removal of mass without a need for separate suctioning, coagulation,and limitation in oxygenation.