bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of catheter‐based bladder drainage method on urinary tract infection risk in spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder: A systematic review
Authors: Kinnear Ned , Barnett Dylan , O'Callaghan Michael , Horsell Kym , Gani Johan , Hennessey Derek 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsTo systematically compare the impact of catheter‐based bladder drainage methods on the rate of urinary tract infections (UTIs) amongst patients with neurogenic bladder.MethodsA search of Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and Grey literature to February 2019 was performed using methods prepublished on PROSPERO. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis guidelines. Eligible studies were published in English and compared UTI incidence between neurogenic bladder patients utilizing bladder drainage methods of the indwelling urethral catheter (IUC), suprapubic catheter (SPC) or intermittent self‐catheterization (ISC). The odds ratio of UTI was the sole outcome of interest.ResultsEight nonrandomized observational cohort studies were identified, totaling 2321 patients who utilized either IUC, SPC, or ISC. Studies enrolled patients with neurogenic bladder due to spinal cord injury (seven studies) or from any cause (one study). UTI rates were compared between patients utilizing IUC vs SPC (four studies), IUC vs ISC (six studies), and SPC vs ISC (four studies). Compared with IUC, five of six studies suggested ISC use was associated with lower rates of UTI. Studies comparing IUC vs SPC and SPC vs ISC gave mixed results. Meta‐analysis was not appropriate due to study methodology heterogeneity.ConclusionsLow‐level evidence suggests amongst patients with neurogenic bladder requiring catheter‐based drainage, the use of ISC is associated with lower rates of UTI than IUC. Comparisons of IUC vs SPC and SPC vs ISC gave mixed results. Future randomized trials are required to confirm these findings.
Respiratory sequelae and quality of life in children one‐year after being admitted with a lower respiratory tract infection: A prospective cohort study from a developing country
Authors: Nathan Anna M. , Teh Cindy S.J. , Eg Kah Peng , Jabar Kartini A. , Zaki Rafdzah , Hng Shih Ying , Westerhout Caroline , Thavagnanam Surendran , de Bruyne Jessie A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionRespiratory tract infections in children can result in respiratory sequelae. We aimed to determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with persistent respiratory sequelae 1 year after admission for a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).MethodologyThis prospective cohort study involved children 1 month to 5‐years‐old admitted with an LRTI. Children with asthma were excluded. Patients were reviewed at 1‐, 6‐, and 12‐months post‐hospital discharge. The parent cough‐specific quality of life, the depression, anxiety, and stress scale questionnaire and cough diary for 1 month, were administered. Outcomes reviewed were number of unscheduled healthcare visits, respiratory symptoms and final respiratory diagnosis at 6 and/or 12 month‐review by pediatric pulmonologists.ResultsThree hundred patients with a mean ± SD age of 14 ± 15 months old were recruited. After 1 month, 239 (79.7%) returned: 28.5% (n = 68/239) had sought medical advice and 18% (n = 43/239) had cough at clinic review. Children who received antibiotics in hospital had significantly lower total cough scores (P = .005) as per the cough diary. After 1 year, 26% (n = 78/300) had a respiratory problem, predominantly preschool wheezing phenotype (n = 64/78, 82.1%). Three children had bronchiectasis or bronchiolitis obliterans. The parent cough‐specific quality of life (PCQOL) was significantly lower in children with respiratory sequelae (P < .01). In logistic regression, the use of antibiotics in hospitals (adjusted odds ratio, 0.46; P = .005) was associated with reduced risk of respiratory sequelae.ConclusionIn children admitted for LRTI, a quarter had respiratory sequelae, of which preschool wheeze was the commonest. The use of antibiotics was associated with a lower risk of respiratory sequelae.
Cancer‐stromal cell fusion as revealed by fluorescence protein tracking
Authors: Wang Ruoxiang , Lewis Michael S. , Lyu Ji , Zhau Haiyen E. , Pandol Stephen J. , Chung Leland W. K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeWe previously determined that cancer‐stromal interaction was a direct route to tumor cell heterogeneity progression, since cancer‐stromal cell fusion in coculture resulted in the creation of heterogeneous clones of fusion hybrid progeny. In this report, we modified the cancer‐stromal coculture system to establish optimal experimental conditions for investigating cell fusion machinery and the mechanism of heterogeneity progression.Experimental designRed fluorescence protein‐tagged LNCaP cells were cocultured with green fluorescence protein‐labeled prostate stromal cells for cancer‐stromal cell fusion, which was tracked as dual fluorescent cells by fluorescence microscopy.ResultsWe identified the most efficient strategy to isolate clones of fusion hybrid progenies. From the coculture, mixed cells including fusion hybrids were subjected to low‐density replating for colony formation by fusion hybrid progeny. These colonies could propagate into derivative cell populations. Compared to the parental LNCaP cells, clones of the fusion hybrid progeny displayed divergent behaviors and exhibited permanent genomic hybridization.ConclusionsCancer‐stromal cell fusion leads to cancer cell heterogeneity. The cancer‐stromal coculture system characterized in this study can be used as a model for molecular characterization of cancer cell fusion as the mechanism behind the progression of heterogeneity observed in clinical prostate cancers.
Effects of Alcohol Extracts of Gluten on Oil Uptake of Fried Mahua
Authors: Xijun Lian , Zuo Yanxin , Jiang Rongxia , Yang Lu , Kang Zonghua , Zhao Zheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt is well known that gluten can reduce oil uptake of frying foods. In this research, alcohol extracts of gluten (gliadins 1–4) are separated by freezing–thawing and cooling methods and their main components are identified. Addition of 10% gliadin 4 and 1% gliadin 2 reduces the oil uptake of Fried Mahua from 29.3% in control group to 24.5% and 26.0%, respectively. The results of IR spectra show that an interaction between gliadin 4/gliadin 2 and lipids/water is present during frying. The results of 13C solid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggest that no new chemical bonds appear when gliadin 4 or gliadin 2 is added to the dough. X‐ray diffractions indicate that oil fills into crystal interplanar spacing of all diffraction angles of wheat starch but angles at around 2θ 20° (V‐type starch). Low‐molecular‐weight ethanol soluble glutenin (LMW) and ω‐gliadin can enter pores of wheat starch corresponding to two X‐ray diffraction angles at around 2θ 18.2° and 17.7°, respectively, which block the penetration of oil. The SEM demonstrates that addition of gliadin 2/gliadin 4 leads to the collapse of A‐type granules during frying. A possible mechanism of reducing oil uptake in Fried Mahua is proposed.
Enhancing privacy in smart energy systems
Authors: Engel Dominik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe mission to move from fossil to renewable energy sources is accompanied and enabled by the digitalization of our energy systems. With the introduction of information and communication technologies, the widespread integration of distributed, renewable sources, even in the distribution grid, are enabled. New use cases such as fast EV charging, local energy communities and dynamic energy tariffs are also enabled. However, this move toward digitalization also increases the exposure of the energy systems for cybercrime and raises concerns regarding the privacy of personal data. In this article, we address the issue of privacy in smart energy systems and give an overview of current methods to enhance privacy.
Degrees of Rationality in Agent-Based Retail Markets
Authors: Methenitis Georgios , Kaisers Michael , La Poutré Han 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe imperfect decision-making of human buyers participating in retail markets varies from fundamental models that assume rational economic choices: even in markets with identical items human buyers are not rational, i.e., buyers do not always choose the cheapest option. Recent developments in artificial intelligence and e-commerce enable market participation by software agents that are (almost) perfectly rational due to their computational capacity. However, the increasing degree of buyers’ rationality might have unfavorable effects on retail markets with regards to the competition between sellers and the resulting prices. In this paper, we study the effects of varying degrees of buyers’ rationality on the competition and the prices buyers face in retail markets with identical items. We use the multinomial logit function to model different degrees of buyers’ rationality. We further model the competition between sellers using k-level reasoning: each seller computes the price to offer (best response strategy) with regards to its belief for the competition. First, we derive an analytical best response strategy (price) of a seller given the competing prices and the degree of buyers’ rationality, and show that there exists an optimal degree of buyers’ rationality that minimizes the price. Last, we use evolutionary game theory to show that perfect rationality leads to unstable competition dynamics increasing the overall cost for buyers. In contrast, bounded rationality leads to smoother dynamics and lower cost for buyers. Our insights raise the need to revisit design objectives for software agents in retail markets in light of their wider systematic impact.
Application of Mössbauer spectroscopy for classification of ordinary chondrites – different database and different methods
Authors: Gałązka-Friedman Jolanta , Woźniak Marek , Bogusz Patrycja , Jakubowska Martyna , Karwowski Łukasz , Duda Przemysław 
Published: December 2019

AbstractClassification of the meteorites is very complex, but in general all meteorites can be divided into three groups: stony, iron and stony-iron. Ordinary chondrites are the most numerous group among stony meteorites. In this paper, we present short review of the methods of classification of ordinary chondrites. The classical method for the classification of ordinary chondrites is based on the determination of the content of fayalite in olivine and of the content of ferrosilite in pyroxene with the use of electron microprobe. This method was proposed in 1967. Studies on the application of Mössbauer spectroscopy to classification of ordinary chondrites were carried out since early 2000 in four Mössbauer laboratories. Mössbauer groups from Kanpur, Ekaterinburg and Canberra suggested qualitative methods of classification of ordinary chondrites. Warsaw group created quantitative method called the “4M method”. This name derives from following words: meteorites, Mössbauer spectroscopy, multidimensional discriminant analysis, Mahalanobis distance. In this publication, we describe the use of 4M method for reclassification of meteorite Goronyo.
Rectified Wing Loss for Efficient and Robust Facial Landmark Localisation with Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Feng Zhen-Hua , Kittler Josef , Awais Muhammad , Wu Xiao-Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEfficient and robust facial landmark localisation is crucial for the deployment of real-time face analysis systems. This paper presents a new loss function, namely Rectified Wing (RWing) loss, for regression-based facial landmark localisation with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We first systemically analyse different loss functions, including L2, L1 and smooth L1. The analysis suggests that the training of a network should pay more attention to small-medium errors. Motivated by this finding, we design a piece-wise loss that amplifies the impact of the samples with small-medium errors. Besides, we rectify the loss function for very small errors to mitigate the impact of inaccuracy of manual annotation. The use of our RWing loss boosts the performance significantly for regression-based CNNs in facial landmarking, especially for lightweight network architectures. To address the problem of under-representation of samples with large pose variations, we propose a simple but effective boosting strategy, referred to as pose-based data balancing. In particular, we deal with the data imbalance problem by duplicating the minority training samples and perturbing them by injecting random image rotation, bounding box translation and other data augmentation strategies. Last, the proposed approach is extended to create a coarse-to-fine framework for robust and efficient landmark localisation. Moreover, the proposed coarse-to-fine framework is able to deal with the small sample size problem effectively. The experimental results obtained on several well-known benchmarking datasets demonstrate the merits of our RWing loss and prove the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art approaches.
Presumed prenatal closure of foramen ovale and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Authors: Stock Katharina , Michel Miriam , Schermer Elisabeth , Ralser Elisabeth , Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula , Geiger Ralf , Podnar Tomaž 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrenatal closure of foramen ovale without CHD is a rarely reported entity. Therefore, clinical and echocardiographic findings are poorly defined in these patients. We report a patient with prenatal closure of foramen ovale that presented with severe pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and left ventricular failure. Judicious management strategies were utilised to successfully treat both life-threatening conditions.
Repurposing screen identifies mebendazole as a clinical candidate to synergise with docetaxel for prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Rushworth Linda K. , Hewit Kay , Munnings-Tomes Sophie , Somani Sukrut , James Daniel , Shanks Emma , Dufès Christine , Straube Anne , Patel Rachana , Leung Hing Y. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Docetaxel chemotherapy in prostate cancer has a modest impact on survival. To date, efforts to develop combination therapies have not translated into new treatments. We sought to develop a novel therapeutic strategy to tackle chemoresistant prostate cancer by enhancing the efficacy of docetaxel.

Methods
We performed a drug-repurposing screen by using murine-derived prostate cancer cell lines driven by clinically relevant genotypes. Cells were treated with docetaxel alone, or in combination with drugs (n = 857) from repurposing libraries, with cytotoxicity quantified using High Content Imaging Analysis.

Results
Mebendazole (an anthelmintic drug that inhibits microtubule assembly) was selected as the lead drug and shown to potently synergise docetaxel-mediated cell killing in vitro and in vivo. Dual targeting of the microtubule structure was associated with increased G2/M mitotic block and enhanced cell death. Strikingly, following combined docetaxel and mebendazole treatment, no cells divided correctly, forming multipolar spindles that resulted in aneuploid daughter cells. Liposomes entrapping docetaxel and mebendazole suppressed in vivo prostate tumour growth and extended progression-free survival.

Conclusions
Docetaxel and mebendazole target distinct aspects of the microtubule dynamics, leading to increased apoptosis and reduced tumour growth. Our data support a new concept of combined mebendazole/docetaxel treatment that warrants further clinical evaluation.
Medikamentöse Therapie von epileptischen Anfällen und Epilepsien
Authors: Kay Lara , Bauer Sebastian , Rosenow Felix , Strzelczyk Adam , Zöllner Johann Philipp 
Published: December 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGFast jede aktive Epilepsie bedarf einer medikamentösen Therapie durch Antianfallsmedikamente (Antiiktalia). Ziel ist die Anfallsfreiheit des Patienten bei gleichzeitig guter Tolerabilität. Zur Dauertherapie fokaler Epilepsien steht eine Reihe von Antianfallsmedikamenten zur Verfügung, bei generalisierten Epilepsien ist die Auswahl kleiner. Die Wahl des Antianfallsmedikamentes sollte neben dem Epilepsiesyndrom an den individuellen Wünschen und der Lebenssituation des Patienten, seinen Komorbiditäten und dem Nebenwirkungsprofil ausgerichtet werden. Meist wird man deshalb neuere Antianfallsmedikamente bevorzugen. Durch die Entwicklung neuer Medikamente erhöht sich die Chance einer individuell gut verträglichen und erfolgreichen Therapie. Dem gegenüber stehen höhere Therapiekosten der meisten neueren Antianfallsmedikamente. Die meisten epileptischen Anfälle sind selbstlimitierend. Ein prolongierter epileptischer Anfall muss jedoch schnell und ausreichend hoch dosiert mit Benzodiazepinen behandelt werden, um so einen therapierefraktären Verlauf abwenden zu können und das Outcome des Patienten zu verbessern.
Spinale Muskelatrophie – Expertenempfehlungen zur Behandlung von erwachsenen Patienten mit Nusinersen
Authors: Hagenacker Tim , Hermann Andreas , Kamm Christoph , Walter Maggie C. , Weiler Markus , Günther René , Wurster Claudia D. , Kleinschnitz Christoph 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungSeit 2017 steht mit Nusinersen die erste kausale Therapie der 5q-assoziierten spinalen Muskelatrophie (SMA) zur Verfügung. Erfahrungen aus der Praxis an neuromuskulären Zentren in Deutschland zeigen zunehmend den therapeutischen Nutzen von Nusinersen auch bei erwachsenen SMA-Patienten beiderlei Geschlechts: Vielfach gelingt eine Stabilisierung bzw. eine relevante Verbesserung motorischer Funktionen, die die Autonomie bei Alltagsaktivitäten und die Lebensqualität steigern können. Die intrathekale Applikation ist auch bei schweren spinalen Deformitäten unter Bildgebung in der Regel komplikationsfrei durchführbar. Zum Monitoring des therapeutischen Effekts ist eine regelmäßige systematische Evaluation des motorischen Status mit validierten Instrumenten zu empfehlen. Die Dokumentation in einem SMA-Register ermöglicht den systematischen Aufbau einer Datenbasis zur Weiterentwicklung des therapeutischen Gesamtkonzepts. Relevante Aspekte dieses neuartigen Therapieprinzips diskutierten Experten im Rahmen einer Konferenz in Frankfurt am Main im Februar 2019.
Einlassen, Zulassen, Loslassen: Über ein konstruktives Leidensverständnis
Authors: Schnell Tatjana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPain or misery strike us – but it is up to us how to deal with them. Suffering is a verb; this underlines the active nature of suffering. The present paper develops a constructive concept of suffering by taking up approaches from existential philosophy and psychology. It suggests that suffering, if allowed and accepted, has the potential to facilitate transformation and, subsequently, to release from pain. The text ends with reflections on how a transformative understanding of suffering can be opened up in the accompaniment of suffering or dying.
Ergebnisse der MDK-Prüfungen in einer Klinik der neurologischen Frührehabilitation Phase B
Authors: Wallesch Claus W. 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Ergebnisse der MDK-Prüfungen von 2018 entlassenen Patienten einer neurologischen Frührehabilitationsklinik werden dargestellt. Über ein Viertel der Fälle wurden geprüft. Die Prüfstrategien der Kostenträger waren unterschiedlich. Schwerpunkte der Prüfungen waren Beatmungsstunden, Fehlbelegungen, Pflegeintensität und Prozessmerkmale der neurologischen Frührehabilitation. Möglichkeiten zur Verminderung von Beanstandungen werden aufgezeigt.
Capacidad Vesical como Pronóstico de Trasplante Renal
Authors: Fajardo Cediel William Ricardo , Flórez Barbosa Karen Viviana , García Cuevas Jenny Catherin , Rodríguez María Paula , Zúñiga Castrillón Mónica María , Duarte Gonzalez Carolina Andrea 
Published: December 2019

Resumen
Introducción La capacidad vesical pre trasplante renal, ha demostrado tener un impacto significativo en el pronóstico, la calidad de vida y complicaciones urológicas en los pacientes.
Métodos Estimar la correlación de Pearson que existe entre la capacidad vesical pre- trasplante (CVPRE) comparado con el tiempo de duración de Terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR); como factor pronóstico.
Método Se realizó una base de datos de pacientes con Trasplante Renal realizados por un Grupo Trasplante, de una sola institución, en los últimos 7 años, desde el 2010 hasta el año 2018. Se tomaron datos del estudio pre trasplante por parte del servicio de Urología y controles mensuales pos trasplante, hasta la fecha. Se tomaron en cuenta datos como: Tiempo de diagnóstico de ERC estadio final, tiempo y tipo de terapia de reemplazo renal, capacidad vesical y función renal pre-trasplante versus función renal y capacidad vesical pos-trasplante y complicaciones urológicas pos-trasplante. Con esos datos, se realizó el cruce de variables, utilizando el Coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, expresando resultados con valores entre 1, para mostrar correlación y significancia estadística en la práctica clínica.
Resultados Entre los años 2010 hasta mayo de 2018, se llevaron a cabo 203 Trasplantes renales, se tabularon 114 pacientes cuyos datos se encontraban completos. La Correlación Pearson fue de: −0,3 entre tiempo de TRR y CVPRE; −0,14 entre CVPRE y creatinina pos TR; 0,09 entre CVPRE y RVU; de 0,14 entre CVPRE e IVU; esas 2 últimas, complicaciones urológicas pos-trasplante renal.
Conclusiones Existe correlación inversa entre el tiempo de TRR y Capacidad vesical pre- trasplante, lo cual influye en el pronóstico del paciente trasplantado renal, en términos de función renal pos-trasplante y complicaciones urológicas dadas por RVU e IVU.
Virus–virus interactions impact the population dynamics of influenza and the common cold
Authors: Nickbakhsh Sema , Mair Colette , Matthews Louise , Reeve Richard , Johnson Paul C. D. , Thorburn Fiona , von Wissmann Beatrix , Reynolds Arlene , McMenamin James , Gunson Rory N. , Murcia Pablo R. 
Published: December 2019

Significance
When multiple pathogens cocirculate this can lead to competitive or cooperative forms of pathogen–pathogen interactions. It is believed that such interactions occur among cold and flu viruses, perhaps through broad-acting immunity, resulting in interlinked epidemiological patterns of infection. However, to date, quantitative evidence has been limited. We analyzed a large collection of diagnostic reports collected over multiple years for 11 respiratory viruses. Our analyses provide strong statistical support for the existence of interactions among respiratory viruses. Using computer simulations, we found that very short-lived interferences may explain why common cold infections are less frequent during flu seasons. Improved understanding of how the epidemiology of viral infections is interlinked can help improve disease forecasting and evaluation of disease control interventions.