bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decisions Before Incisions: Technique Selection for the Distal Wedge Procedure
Authors: Johnson Thomas M. , Herold Robert W. , Akers Joshua A. , DiPirro Daniel A. , Berridge Joshua P. , McGary Ryan T. 
Published: February 2020

Focused Clinical QuestionWhat factors identify the optimal surgical technique when a distal wedge procedure is indicated at a terminal maxillary or mandibular molar site?SummaryIncision design for the distal wedge procedure is based primarily on the dental arch (maxilla or mandible), the distance from the terminal molar to the hamular notch or ascending ramus, and the dimensions of the attached gingiva.ConclusionsIn most situations, favorable clinical results are achievable irrespective of the chosen distal wedge method, and technique selection is based more on operator preference than evidence. However, anatomic limitations can render distal wedge procedures challenging in some cases, and procedural advantages of specific techniques can simplify treatment. One systematic approach to distal wedge technique selection is presented in this report. Additionally, a laser‐assisted distal wedge protocol is presented for cases in which unfavorable tooth‐to‐ramus distance or presence of a prominent external oblique ridge contraindicates conventional distal wedge techniques.
Short‐season corn hybrids to avoid heat and drought stress in the Mid‐South USA
Authors: Williams John J. , Whittenton J. Bryan , Ali Omar N. , Buehring Normie W. , Varco J. Jac , Henry W. Brien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCorn grain yield is extremely responsive to the weather conditions during the growing season. Drought stress, as a result of high temperatures and limited naturally occurring precipitation, often limits grain yield in the Mid‐South. Drought stresses often occur during the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive growth stage, which is most impactful to yield because of the high water demand. Our hypothesis was that short‐season corn hybrids of <110 d (∼2700 growing degree units) could avoid heat and drought by flowering earlier when these heat and drought stresses are less likely. Our objective was to evaluate short‐season hybrids in Mid‐South environments along with standard full‐season hybrids for grain yield. The study was conducted in Brooksville and Starkville, MS, in 2015 and Starkville and Verona, MS, in 2016. Earlier maturing hybrids tasseled 3–7 d before standard full‐season hybrids, providing very little benefit from a drought avoidance perspective. Choosing full‐season hybrids increases yield potential in high‐yielding environments in Mississippi in which growing degree units are not limiting as in northern geographies. Short‐season hybrids did not aid in the avoidance of heat and drought and limited overall grain yield. Across all locations, there was a 0.8 bu ac−1 increase in corn grain yield for every day increase in relative maturity from 92 to 120 d.
A green and effective method for the determination of metalaxyl enantiomers in tobacco and soil by supercritical fluid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Fei , Wang Ying , Liu Shanshan , He Chen , Tao Xiaoqiu , Deng Huimin , Tang Gangling , Bian Zhaoyang , Fan Ziyan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe reported a new methodology for the stereoselective determination of metalaxyl enantiomers in tobacco and soil. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was used for the extraction and clean‐up of the tobacco and soil samples. Separation of the metalaxyl enantiomers was performed on an ACQUITY UPC2 Trefoil CEL1 chiral column coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (SFC‐MS/MS), and the run time was only 5 minutes. Under the optimized conditions, the recoveries for the enantiomers were between 78.2% and 93.3% with intraday relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 1.1% to 5.4%. The limit of detection (LOD) for the enantiomers in tobacco and soil varied from 0.005 to 0.007 mg/kg, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.017 to 0.020 mg/kg. In this method, only a small amount of methanol was consumed to obtain a rapid stereoselective separation. This proposed method showed good accuracy and precision and might be suitable for fast enantioselective determination of metalaxyl in food and environmental samples. The developed method was further validated by application to the analysis of authentic samples.
Vibrational optical activity: From discovery and development to future challenges
Authors: Nafie Laurence A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVibrational optical activity (VOA) consisting of infrared vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and vibrational Raman optical activity (ROA) was predicted, discovered, and confirmed between 1971 and 1975. My path to VOA was mentored by three pioneers of chirality and vibrational spectroscopy: Professors Albert Moscowitz, Warner L. Peticolas, and Philip J. Stephens, and while they are no longer alive today, the Chirality Medal, my award address, and this paper are dedicated to each of them. Since the discovery of VOA, a number of key advances have made possible the current era of widespread applications. The principal instrumental advances were Fourier‐transform VCD (FT‐VCD) and multichannel charge coupled detector (CCD) ROA. Computational advances include the first complete quantum chemistry formulation of VCD leading to the magnetic field perturbation (MFP) and the nuclear velocity perturbation (NVP) theories. The strength of VOA is the comparison between measured and calculated spectra that enables the determination of absolute configuration and solution‐state conformations. More recently, VCD has uncovered supramolecular chirality in amyloid fibrils and ROA to high‐order protein structure. Future challenges for VOA include describing the effects of weak intermolecular interactions, transfer of chirality, solvent effects, supramolecular chirality, and the generation of nuclear velocity electron current density.
Color design of cigarette packaging for reducing smoking rate in youth
Authors: Hou Yadan , Zhang Shuhong , Liu Xuying , Chen Jinzhou , Li Hui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSince smokers are becoming younger and younger, it is necessary to curb the tobacco epidemic at a younger age to prevent the devastating damage caused by tobacco products to future generations. This study focuses on the color schemes of cigarette packaging. It aims to find out color schemes of teenage consumers' disgust and apply them to cigarette packaging, which ultimately reduces the desire of purchasing and the smoking rate of young people. First, there were two ways to acquire color schemes. One was to extract the color schemes that can make teenagers disgust and keep them away from cigarette by association of psychological adjectives. The other way was to match achromatic colors with the chromatic colors that teenagers dislike in the questionnaire of 126 colors. Finally, eye movement experiment was used to verify the acquired color schemes meet the expected objectives of this study. A new idea to reduce the smoking rate of teenagers was proposed, and a method for the color design of cigarette packaging was provided.
Constructing and Analyzing Computational Models of Cell Signaling with BioModelAnalyzer
Authors: Hall Benjamin A. , Fisher Jasmin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBioModelAnalyzer (BMA) is an open‐source graphical tool for the development of executable models of protein and gene networks within cells. Based upon the Qualitative Networks formalism, the user can rapidly construct large networks, either manually or by connecting motifs selected from a built‐in library. After the appropriate functions for each variable are defined, the user has access to three analysis engines to test the model. In addition to standard simulation tools, BMA includes an interface to the stability‐testing algorithm and to a graphical Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) editor and analysis tool. Alongside this, we have developed a novel ChatBot to aid users constructing LTL queries and to explain the interface and run through tutorials. Here we present worked examples of model construction and testing via the interface. As an initial example, we discuss fate decisions in Dictyostelium discoidum and cAMP signaling. We go on to describe the workflow leading to the construction of a published model of the germline of C. elegans. Finally, we demonstrate how to construct simple models from the built‐in network motif library. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Modeling the signaling network of Dictyostelium discoidumBasic Protocol 2: Modeling the germline progression of Caenorhabditis elegansBasic Protocol 3: Constructing a model of the cell cycle using motifs
Development of Automated Microscopy‐Assisted High‐Content Multiparametric Assays for Cell Cycle Staging and Foci Quantitation
Authors: Frölich Sonja , Robker Rebecca , Russell Darryl 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe investigation of cell cycle stage‐dependent processes in a population of cells is often performed using flow cytometry. While this approach is high‐throughput, it is relatively low in resolution and unable to measure phenotypic changes or processes occurring in subcellular compartments. We integrated automated microscopy with newly developed informatics workflow that enabled the quantitation of multiple fluorescent markers from specific subnuclear regions throughout a population of cells. Telomeres protect chromosome termini and prevent cellular aging. Cancer cells lengthen telomeres by synthesizing new TTAGGG repeats by the enzyme telomerase, while others activate recombination‐dependent alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). A key feature of the ALT pathway is the specific clustering of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies at telomeres. These ALT‐associated PML bodies (APBs) common in tumors of mesenchymal origin have gained in diagnostic use in the past decade. Here we applied recent improvements in automated microscopy and developed novel informatics workflows for quantitation of multiple fluorescent markers from specific subnuclear regions at the single cell level. Key to this workflow are customized machine learning algorithms within HCS Studio™ Cell Analysis which automatically identify and segment cells into defined regions of interest based on fluorescent markers, measure marker intensities and compute marker colocalizations in specific segmented regions. These multiparametric cellular assays assess cell cycle dynamics as well as the interactome of APBs, are amenable to adherent cells and histological sections, and are adaptable for use with additional markers. In the future we anticipate exploiting these algorithms for a wide range of research questions related to telomere biology with potential to facilitate clinical development of ALT detection assays to benefit patients with these often‐poor prognosis tumors. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Intraindividual variability in behavior shapes fitness landscapes
Authors: Okuyama Toshinori 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough intraindividual variability (IIV) in behavior is fundamental to ecological dynamics, the factors that contribute to the expression of IIV are poorly understood. Using an individual‐based model, this study examined the effects of stochasticity on the evolution of IIV represented by the residual variability of behavior. The model describes a population of prey with nonoverlapping generations, in which prey take refuge upon encountering a predator. The strategy of a prey is characterized by the mean and IIV (i.e., standard deviation) of hiding duration. Prey with no IIV will spend the same duration hiding in a refuge at each predator encounter, while prey with IIV will have variable hiding durations among encounters. For the sources of stochasticity, within‐generation stochasticity (represented by random predator encounters) and between‐generation stochasticity (represented by random resource availability) were considered. Analysis of the model indicates that individuals with high levels of IIV are maintained in a population in the presence of between‐generation stochasticity even though the optimal strategy in each generation is a strategy with no IIV, regardless of the presence or absence of within‐generation stochasticity. This contradictory pattern emerges because the mean behavioral trait and IIV do not independently influence fitness (e.g., the sign of the selection gradient with respect to IIV depends on the mean trait). Consequently, even when evolution eventually leads toward a strategy with no IIV (i.e., the optimal strategy), greater IIV may be transiently selected. Between‐generation stochasticity consistently imposes such transient selection and maintain high levels of IIV in a population.
How the opposing pressures of industrialization and democratization influence clean water access in urban and rural areas: A panel study, 1991–2010
Authors: Lim Sijeong , Prakash Aseem 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhat drives a developing country's government to provide access to clean drinking water in urban and rural areas? Because creating water infrastructure is expensive, practicality and efficiency considerations might motivate governments to locate such infrastructures in urban areas with high population density. In contrast, we provide a political explanation of how political incentive shapes where governments locate water infrastructures which, in turn, shapes citizens' water access. In our perspective, developing countries' governments consider the competing pressures of industrialization and democratization. Industrialization enables urban collective action and incentivizes governments to listen to the voice of urban residents. Democratization, in contrast, gives the right to vote to rural residents and incentivizes government to provide water access in rural areas. This means that in nondemocracies, rural areas suffer when the country is undergoing industrialization. Importantly for the policy community, we show that foreign aid does not alter such fundamental political dynamics. Foreign aid accentuates the pro‐urban bias in industrializing nondemocracies. Our analysis of 112 developing countries for the period 1991–2010 provides support for our argument about the critical role of regime type in ensuring equitable drinking water access to rural areas.
Pain interventions in adults with intellectual disability: A scoping review and pharmacological considerations
Authors: Lonchampt Sophie , Gerber Fabienne , Aubry Jean‐Michel , Desmeules Jules , Kosel Markus , Besson Marie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveHaving to deal on a daily routine with prescriptions in adults with intellectual disability (ID), we systematically reviewed the literature on the specificities of pain interventions in that population, focusing on medication and trying to gather practical information on appropriate pain treatments. Given the scarcity of the literature on the topic, we also discussed the pharmacological considerations to be taken into account when prescribing analgesic drugs in that vulnerable population.Databases and Data TreatmentArticles on pain and ID were searched in the Medline and Google scholar electronic databases using the key words "Intellectual Disability," "Developmental Disability" and specific keywords for pharmacological and non‐pharmacological pain interventions. Preset outcomes about pharmacological treatment specificity, efficacy and safety were then collected.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐two articles were found and 16 were retained based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 16 articles, five were topical reviews. Among the 11 remaining articles, five discussed pharmacological interventions, four considered non‐pharmacological interventions and two discussed both. As anticipated, the literature matching our specific outcomes about the pharmacological treatment of pain was scarce and for the most part not designed to answer the questions of specificity, efficacy and safety of pain treatment in adults with ID.ConclusionThe specificity of analgesic treatments in adults with ID is a totally unexplored domain. In the absence of clinical guidelines, pharmacological facts—such as inter‐individual variability in drug response, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, frequent co‐morbidities and ease of administration—must be systematically integrated, when prescribing in the population of adults with ID.SignificanceThis review synthesizes the state of research on pain interventions in adults with ID and is one of the rare articles addressing the specificities of analgesic prescriptions in this population.
Electrochemical Determination of the Effect of Caffeic Acid onto the Interaction between Idarubicin and DNA by Single‐use Disposable Electrodes
Authors: Öndeş Baha , Muti Mihrican 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNow it is well known, antioxidant may affect the interaction of anticancer drugs and DNA. This study aims to investigate the interaction between Idarubicin and DNA and the effect of caffeic acid on this interaction. Disposable, inexpensive, easy handle electrodes were used in this study to investigate the interaction of idarubicin and DNA electrochemically. Idarubicin (IDR) is an anthracyline antitumor antibiotic, which used against one or more types of leukemia.Electrochemical behaviour of IDR was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry. The interaction between anticancer drug, IDR and calf thymus double‐stranded DNA (ctdsDNA) was investigated by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique in the absence and presence of caffeic acid.
Are bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder increasing? Results of a population‐based study of lifetime prevalence and lifetime prevalence by age in South Australia
Authors: Bagaric Marija , Touyz Stephen , Heriseanu Andreea , Conti Janet , Hay Phillipa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to provide updated lifetime prevalence estimates of eating disorders, specifically bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) and investigate changes over time in lifetime prevalence by age.MethodTwo thousand nine hundred seventy‐seven participants from South Australia were interviewed in the Health Omnibus Survey. DSM‐5 criteria were used for current and broad (in accord with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems‐11 [ICD‐11]) criteria for lifetime prevalence of BED.ResultsThis study found that the lifetime prevalence of BN was 1.21% (95% CI [0.87, 1.67]) and 2.59% (95% CI [2.07, 3.22]) for males and females, respectively, and that lifetime prevalence for BED‐broad was 0.74% (95% CI [0.49, 1.11]) and 1.85% (95% CI [1.42, 2.40]) for males and females, respectively, which is higher than reported in previous research. Current prevalence (past 3 months) of BN was 0.40% (95% CI [0.23, 0.70]) and 0.81% (95% CI [0.54, 1.20]) for males and females, respectively, and current prevalence for BED was found to be 0.03 (95% CI [0.01, 0.04]) and 0.20% (95% CI [0.09, 0.44]) for males and females, respectively.ConclusionsThe current study confirmed the moderate community prevalence of BN and BED. BED was found to be less prevalent than BN in the present study, and a significant lifetime prevalence by age effect was found for both. Lifetime prevalence by age indicated that past increases in prevalence may be waning in this century and that overall BN and BED are not increasing in Australia.
Advanced event‐base exhibition management mobile applications social networks using fuzzy reasoning‐based routing cum forwarding algorithm
Authors: Li Yi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract5G is the fifth‐generation mobile innovation that not only just expands the downloading and transferring speeds over the mobile networks, however, it additionally decreases the latency, which is the time taken by a system to respond, builds energy proficiency, and offers increasingly stable system associations. It has been seen that the present Internet structure is not appropriate for current and developing traffic requests. Many content distributions advances such as content Delivery Networks and shared frameworks have developed to allow content access by name as instead of server area or address. In addition, to respond to the expanding volumes of traffic for such applications as video on demand and distributed cloud computing, numerous works have been attempted to empower reserving, content replication, and preparing inside the system. Such advancements are exceptionally dependent on the distribution channel and execute as an overlay on the current Internet structure, which results in various inefficient result aspects. In recent years, it is highly difficult to develop a routing cum forwarding algorithm in order to overcome the existing problems, the introduced fuzzy reasoning‐based routing cum forwarding algorithm. In this fuzzy method, the mobile devices evaluate the transmission priority and decide the transmission decision too. On comparing to the existing routing algorithms, the fuzzy concept should have reduced energy consumption, increased time delay, and high transmission efficiency and the above parametric results are verified by the fact of the fuzzy algorithm.
White matter extension of the Melbourne Children's Regional Infant Brain atlas: M‐CRIB‐WM
Authors: Alexander Bonnie , Yang Joseph Yuan‐Mou , Yao Sarah Hui Wen , Wu Michelle Hao , Chen Jian , Kelly Claire E. , Ball Gareth , Matthews Lillian G. , Seal Marc L. , Anderson Peter J. , Doyle Lex W. , Cheong Jeanie L. Y. , Spittle Alicia J. , Thompson Deanne K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBrain atlases providing standardised identification of neonatal brain regions are key in investigating neurological disorders of early childhood. Our previously developed Melbourne Children's Regional Infant Brain (M‐CRIB) and M‐CRIB 2.0 neonatal brain atlases provide standardised parcellation of 100 brain regions including cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions. The aim of this study was to extend M‐CRIB atlas coverage to include 54 white matter (WM) regions. Participants were 10 healthy term‐born neonates that were used to create the initial M‐CRIB atlas. WM regions were manually segmented based on T2 images and co‐registered diffusion tensor imaging‐based, direction‐encoded colour maps. Our labelled regions imitate the Johns Hopkins University neonatal atlas, with minor anatomical modifications. All segmentations were reviewed and approved by a paediatric radiologist and a neurosurgery research fellow for anatomical accuracy. The resulting neonatal WM atlas comprises 54 WM regions: 24 paired regions, and six unpaired regions comprising five corpus callosum subdivisions, and one pontine crossing tract. Detailed protocols for manual WM parcellations are provided, and the M‐CRIB‐WM atlas is presented together with the existing M‐CRIB cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar parcellations in 10 individual neonatal MRI data sets. The novel M‐CRIB‐WM atlas, along with the M‐CRIB cortical and subcortical atlases, provide neonatal whole brain MRI coverage in the first multi‐subject manually parcellated neonatal atlas compatible with atlases commonly used at older time points. The M‐CRIB‐WM atlas is publicly available, providing a valuable tool that will help facilitate neuroimaging research into neonatal brain development in both healthy and diseased states.