bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The penalty in energy consumption of battery electric vehicles operating at subzero temperatures
Authors: Boretti Alberto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChassis dynamometer test results of a plug‐in battery‐electric vehicle are coupled to a Newton equation analysis. Propulsive and braking mechanical powers are computed and compared to the electric power in and out of the battery. We consider a 53.4 km reference driving cycle, comprising UDDS, Hwy, UDDS, and US06 cycles completed in sequence with different ambient temperatures, −6°C, 23°C, and 35°C. At −6°C, the battery energy used is ΔEe = 40.41 MJ, the propulsive efficiency is ηp = 0.62, and the regenerative braking efficiency is ηrb = 0.51. At 23°C, ΔEe = 22.78 MJ, ηp = 0.94, and ηrb = 0.84. Finally, at 35°C, ΔEe = 25.47 MJ, ηp = 0.88, and ηrb = 0.77. These results show as the temperature has a major influence on the energy efficiency of a BEV, with colder conditions translating in dramatically higher energy consumption, and warmer conditions also producing an increment in energy consumption. This is the result of the temperature‐dependent battery performance and cabin cooling or heating. Once the total energy consumption penalty is depurated of the energy needed to run the auxiliaries, primarily cabin cooling, and heating, there is a large effect of very cold temperature that calls for better heating strategies for BEV sold in cold‐weather markets.
Behavioral and neurophysiological signatures of interoceptive enhancements following vagus nerve stimulation
Authors: Richter Fabian , García Adolfo M. , Rodriguez Arriagada Nicolas , Yoris Adrian , Birba Agustina , Huepe David , Zimmer Heinz , Ibáñez Agustín , Sedeño Lucas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn accruing body of research has shown that interoception (the sensing of signals from the body's internal milieu) relies on both a direct route (afforded by the vagus nerve) and a secondary route (supported by somatosensory mechanisms). However, no study has causally tested the differential role of these pathways, let alone via direct stimulation. To bridge this gap, we tested whether multidimensional signatures of interoception are modulated by noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS). Sixty‐three participants were divided into an nVNS and a sham‐stimulation group. Before and after stimulation, both groups performed a validated heartbeat detection (HBD) task including a genuinely interoceptive condition (monitoring one's own heartbeat) and a control exteroceptive condition (tracking an aurally presented heartbeat). Electroencephalographic signals were obtained during both conditions to examine modulations of the heartbeat‐evoked potential (HEP). Moreover, before and after stimulation, participants were asked to complete a somatosensory heartbeat localization task. Results from the interoceptive condition revealed that, after treatment, only the nVNS group exhibited improved performance and greater HEP modulations. No behavioral differences were found for the exteroceptive control condition, which was nonetheless associated with significant HEP modulations. Finally, no between‐group differences were observed regarding the localization of the heartbeat sensations or relevant cardiodynamic variables (heart rate and or heart rate variability). Taken together, these results constitute unprecedented evidence that the vagus nerve plays a direct role in neurovisceral integration during interoception. This finding can constrain mechanistic models of the domain while informing a promising transdiagnostic agenda for interoceptive impairments across neuropsychiatric conditions.
Managerial overconfidence and bank loan covenant usage
Authors: Voon Jan P. , Lin Chen , Ma Yiu. C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper examines how managerial overconfidence affects loan covenant usage. We find that creditors significantly use more covenants; increase covenant intensity; use financial (but not general) covenants; use performance‐based and capital‐based covenants and rely on different types of covenants such as debt to cash flow, coverage ratio, net worth, debt to balance sheet and liquidity covenants to curb the default risk emanating from managerial overconfidence. Besides, creditors tighten individual covenants such as debt to cash flow covenant and current ratio covenant in order to alleviate their risk exposure. Covenants that serve to allocate the control rights ex‐post are found to be important in controlling overconfidence risk. Covenant usage is reported to be quantitatively larger in the loan contracts of firms with higher market‐to‐book ratios, reflecting that high growth firms provide the opportunities for overconfident CEOs to invest more intensively. To address endogeneity, we use propensity score matching to mitigate potential endogeneity problem. In addition, we employ the SA Index and WW Index to control for firms' financial constraint. The effects of overconfident CEOs to loan covenant remain significant regardless of the firms' financial conditions.
Natural compounds against cytotoxic drug‐induced cardiotoxicity: A review on the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Yarmohammadi Fatemeh , Hayes A. Wallace , Karimi Gholamreza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCardiotoxicity is a critical concern in the use of several cytotoxic drugs. Induction of apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy following dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway contributes to the cardiac damage induced by these drugs. Several natural compounds (NCs), including ferulic acid, gingerol, salvianolic acid B, paeonol, apigenin, calycosin, rutin, neferine, higenamine, vincristine, micheliolide, astragaloside IV, and astragalus polysaccharide, have been reported to suppress cytotoxic drug‐induced cardiac injury. This article reviews these NCs that have been reported to have a protective effect against cytotoxic drug‐induced cardiotoxicity through regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Direct hemoperfusion using a polymyxin B‐immobilized polystyrene column for COVID‐19
Authors: Katagiri Daisuke , Ishikane Masahiro , Asai Yusuke , Izumi Shinyu , Takasaki Jin , Katsuoka Hiyori , Kondo Isao , Ide Satoshi , Nakamura Keiji , Nakamoto Takato , Nomoto Hidetoshi , Akiyama Yutaro , Miyazato Yusuke , Suzuki Tetsuya , Kinoshita Noriko , Ogawa Tatsunori , Togano Tomiteru , Suzuki Manabu , Hashimoto Masao , Sakamoto Keita , Kusaba Yusaku , Katsuno Takashi , Fukaya Takashi , Hojo Masayuki , Sugiyama Masaya , Mizokami Masashi , Okamoto Tatsuya , Kimura Akio , Noiri Eisei , Ohmagari Norio , Hinoshita Fumihiko , Sugiyama Haruhito 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct hemoperfusion using a polymyxin B‐immobilized polystyrene column (PMX‐DHP) in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐positive pneumonia patients.MethodsThis study was a case series conducted at a designated infectious diseases hospital. Twelve SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients with partial pressure of arterial oxygen/percentage of inspired oxygen (P/F) ratio < 300 were treated with PMX‐DHP on two consecutive days each during hospitalization. We defined day 1 as the first day when PMX‐DHP was performed. PMX‐DHP efficacy was assessed on days 7 and 14 after the first treatment based on eight categories. Subsequently, improvement in P/F ratio and urinary biomarkers on days 4 and 8, malfunctions, and ventilator and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation avoidance rates were also evaluated.ResultsOn day 14 after the first treatment, disease severity decreased in 58.3% of the patients. P/F ratio increased while urine β2‐microglobulin decreased on days 4 and 8. Cytokine measurement pre‐ and post‐PMX‐DHP revealed decreased levels of interleukin‐6 and the factors involved in vascular endothelial injury, including vascular endothelial growth factor. Twenty‐two PMX‐DHPs were performed, of which seven and five PMX‐DHPs led to increased inlet pressure and membrane coagulation, respectively. When the membranes coagulated, the circuitry needed to be reconfigured. Circuit problems were usually observed when D‐dimer and fibrin degradation product levels were high before PMX‐DHP.ConclusionsFuture studies are expected to determine the therapeutic effect of PMX‐DHP on COVID‐19. Because of the relatively high risk of circuit coagulation, coagulation capacity should be assessed beforehand.
Serum antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus can prognose treatment success in patients with bone infections
Authors: Muthukrishnan Gowrishankar , Beck Christopher A. , Owen John R. , Xie Chao , Kates Stephen L. , Daiss John L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrognosing life‐threatening orthopedic infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus remains a major clinical challenge. To address this, we developed a multiplex assay to assess the humoral immune proteome against S. aureus in patients with musculoskeletal infections. We found initial evidence that antibodies against some antigens (autolysins: Amd, Gmd; secreted immunotoxins: CHIPS, SCIN, Hla) were associated with protection, whereas antibodies against the iron‐regulated surface determinant (Isd) proteins (IsdA, IsdB, IsdH) were aligned with adverse outcomes. To formally test this, we analyzed antibody levels and 1‐year clinical outcomes of 194 patients with confirmed S. aureus bone infections (AO Trauma Clinical Priority Program [CPP] Bone Infection Registry). A staggering 20.6% of the enrolled patients experienced adverse clinical outcomes (arthrodesis, reinfection, amputation, and septic death) after 1‐year. At enrollment, anti‐S. aureus immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in patients with adverse outcomes were 1.35‐fold lower than those in patients whose infections were successfully controlled (p < 0.0001). Overall, there was a 51%–69% reduction in adverse outcome risk for every 10‐fold increase in initial IgG concentration against Gmd, Amd, IsdH, CHIPS, SCIN, and Hla (p < 0.05). Notably, anti‐IsdB antibodies remained elevated in patients with adverse outcomes; for every 10‐fold change in the ratio of circulating anti‐Isd to anti‐Atl IgG at enrollment, there was a trending 2.6‐fold increased risk (odds ratio = 2.555) of an adverse event (p = 0.105). Moreover, antibody increases over time correlated with adverse outcomes and decreases with positive outcomes. These studies demonstrate the potential of the humoral immune response against S. aureus as a prognostic indicator for assessing treatment success and identifying patients requiring additional interventions.
Increased Risk of Nasal Septal Abscess After Septoplasty in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Luan Chih‐Wei , Tsai Ming‐Shao , Liu Chia‐Yen , Yang Yao‐Hsu , Tsai Yao‐Te , Hsu Cheng‐Ming , Wu Ching‐Yuan , Chang Pey‐Jium , Chang Geng‐He 
Published: December 2020

Objective/HypothesisTo investigate the risk of nasal septal abscess (NSA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after septoplasty.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study through Taiwan National Health Insurance database.MethodsThe Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database was used to conduct this retrospective cohort study. A total of 382 patients with T2DM (DM group) diagnosed between 2000 and 2010 and 382 matched patients without a DM diagnosis (non‐DM group) were enrolled. Patients were followed up until death or December 31, 2013. NSA incidence was the main outcome.ResultsAfter septoplasty, the cumulative incidence of NSA in the DM group was significantly higher than that in the non‐DM group (P < .001). Cox proportional hazards regression indicated a significant association between T2DM and higher NSA incidence (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.44–3.61; P < .001). However, subgroup analysis and sensitivity testing demonstrated that the effect of T2DM on NSA risk was stable. In addition, the subgroup with a Diabetes Complications Severity Index (DCSI) of ≥1 had higher NSA risk than that with DCSI = 0 (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.58; 95% CI, 2.10–6.09; P < .001). The treatment type for NSA did not differ between the groups.ConclusionsT2DM is an independent risk factor for NSA in patients undergoing nasal septoplasty, and the NSA risk is greater among patients with high DM severity.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 131:E2420–E2425, 2021
Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly[Styrene‐co‐(Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate)] and Application in the Catalysis of Glycerol Acetylation
Authors: Godoy William , Castro Giulia , Nápolis Leonardo , Carpegiani Juliana , Guimarães Daniela , Aguiar Leandro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is the synthesis of a sulfonated resin of styrene cross‐linked with trimethylolpropane triacrylate (PS‐TMPTA) and its application as a catalyst in glycerol acetylation. The process for obtaining the resins is an aqueous suspension copolymerization at 80°C followed by a sulfonation with sulfuric acid at 57.5°C. Resin characterizations are performed regarding characteristics such as ion exchange capacity and swelling index. The ion exchange capacity (IEC) found for PS‐TMPTA (4.4 mmol g−1) is lower compared to those of commercial resins, for example, Amberlyst 36 (5.4 mmol g−1). Despite the low IEC (lower number of catalytic sites), PS‐TMPTA presents a relatively high swelling index (2.4) and a higher turnover number (TON = 62.3 h−1) in comparison with the resin Amberlyst 36 (TON = 51.1 h−1) in glycerol acetylation at 80°C with excess of acetic acid.
Effect of Hydrogel Nanocomposites on the Fresh and Hardened Properties of Cementitious Pastes
Authors: Siqueri Vitor A. S. , Filho Adhemar W. , de Moura Marcia R , Aouada Fauze A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCement is a material widely used in civil construction due to its physical and chemical properties, ensuring a good performance. Some polymeric materials, such as hydrogels, have been frequently added to improve these properties and mitigate autogenous retraction in cementitious matrices. This paper aimed to evaluate the influence of polymeric hydrogel on the fresh and hardened properties of cementitious pastes (water/binder ratio = 0.35). Fresh properties results showed that the consistency and exudation indexes of these matrices decreased with an increase in the amount of hydrogel. The values of the bulk density of all cementitious matrices are around 2.1–2.2 g cm−3. Matrices containing up to 1.0% of hydrogel have satisfactory mechanical properties, reaching compressive strength of 60 MPa for 112 days of curing age. From these results, it is possible to conclude that hydrogels are promising materials for civil engineering applications, acting mainly as a filler and hydroretentor agent.
Nanocellulose as Reinforcement in Carboxymethylcellulose Superabsorbent Nanocomposite Hydrogels
Authors: de Lima Giovanni F. , de Souza Alana G. , Rosa Derval dos S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCarboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is an abundant and low‐cost material that can be used to synthesize environmentally friendly superabsorbent hydrogels for numerous applications. However, this biopolymer results in hydrogels with poor mechanical properties; different fillers can be used to improve this property, but occasionally can decrease the swelling capacity. Nanocelluloses (NC) are an excellent option to improve hydrogel physicochemical characteristics. In this work, CMC‐hydrogels are prepared using citric acid, and NC is added as a filler in different contents: 1, 3, and 5 wt%. The Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to confirm the crosslink reaction, and a peak related to the carboxylic acid functional group confirmed the hydrogel formation. The NC incorporation didn't change the FTIR spectrum since both materials have a similar structure. The water absorption analysis indicated that the developed can be classified as superabsorbent since all of them show an absorption capacity above 40 g.g−1. Besides that, NC played an essential role in the water absorption capacity, the incorporation of 3% of NC resulted in a material with a degree of swelling of, approximately 100 g.g−1. The NCs act as an excellent filler, improving the storage modulus significantly, i.e., the mechanical resistance of the material. The developed hydrogels showed exceptional characteristics, being adequate to various applications, mainly agricultural ones aiming for the water delivery to the soil.
Hugoniostat and Direct Shock Simulations in cis‐1,4‐Polybutadiene Melts
Authors: Lecoutre Gautier , Lemarchand Claire A. , Soulard Laurent , Pineau Nicolas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe non‐reactive OPLS‐AA force‐field is used to compare direct shock and Hugoniostat simulations of a melt of cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene at different shock velocities and with chain lengths up to 500 monomers. Both methods yield equivalent Hugoniot data with negligible influence of the chain length. However, it is found that the dynamical compression effects induce a time‐dependent anisotropy in the stress tensor in the direct shock simulations, yielding a non‐zero shear component. This anisotropy vanishes to the usual isotropic stress through two specific relaxation mechanisms: a fast process (characteristic time ≈1 ps) associated with the relaxation of the local intramolecular degrees of freedom of the chains, and a second slower process (characteristic time ≈100 ps) associated with the structural reorganisation of the polymer chains, involving long‐range intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. A third potential relaxation process, associated with entanglements, may be at play but is beyond the scope of the present study.
The effectiveness of social media and in‐person interventions for low back pain conditions in nursing personnel (SMILE)
Authors: Kazemi Seyedeh‐Somayeh , Tavafian Sedigheh‐Sadat , Hiller Claire E. , Hidarnia Alireza , Montazeri Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo compare two educational approaches to reduce low back pain in nurses.DesignA community randomized controlled clinical trial.MethodsData were collected with two interventions and a control arm between August 2018 and January 2019. Participants were recruited from three hospitals. Hospital 1 received an in‐person educational programme, Hospital 2 received via the website and Hospital 3 received nothing. Statistical analysis was carried out with a follow‐up of 3 and 6 months.ResultsA total of 180 female nurses with low back pain participated in the study. Dimensions of the quality of life improved over 3 and 6 months, pain and disability decreased over 3 months in both intervention groups and over 6 months in the social media group.ConclusionTwo educational approaches can be effective in decreasing pain, disability and improving quality of life. However, the findings suggest that the social media approach was more successful over the long‐term and might be a better way to present the programme.
Static output feedback control of uncertain systems over uncertain communication links with guaranteed H∞ performance
Authors: Haghighi Payam , Tavassoli Babak 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article is concerned with the problem of robust static output feedback H∞ control for networked control systems (NCSs) by considering uncertainties in both controlled‐plant and communication subsystems. Markov chains are employed to model the bounded random network‐induced delays occurring in the communication channels. This modeling framework can be used to describe the packet dropout phenomena over a lossy communication channel as well. It is assumed that the transition probabilities of the Markov chains are uncertain but lying within given intervals. By utilizing the augmentation technique, the NCS model is transformed into a delay‐free Markovian jump linear system. A new sufficient condition is derived for the problem of robust H∞ control using static output feedback in NCSs with network‐induced delays. This design condition is expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities without requiring any constraints on the matrix variables. Furthermore, the proposed method is extended to the case of NCSs with bounded Markovian packet dropouts. Numerical examples are provided to make comparisons with other works and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.
Metabolic Labeling Mediated Targeting and Thermal Killing of Gram‐Positive Bacteria by Self‐Reporting Janus Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Hou Shuai , Mahadevegowda Surendra H. , Lu Derong , Zhang Kaixi , Chan‐Park Mary B. , Duan Hongwei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNanoparticles have been widely used in detection and killing of bacteria; however, targeting bacteria is still challenging. Delicate design of nanoparticles is required for simultaneous targeting, detection, and therapeutic functions. Here the use of Au/MnFe2O4 (Au/MFO) Janus nanoparticles to target Gram‐positive bacteria via metabolic labeling is reported and realize integrated self‐reporting and thermal killing of bacteria. In these nanoparticles, the Au component is functionalized with tetrazine to target trans‐cyclooctene group anchored on bacterial cell wall by metabolic incorporation of d‐amino acids, and the MFO part exhibits peroxidase activity, enabling self‐reporting of bacteria before treatment. The spatial separation of targeting and reporting functions avoids the deterioration of catalytic activity after surface modification. Also important is that MFO facilitates magnetic separation and magnetic heating, leading to easy enrichment and magnetic thermal therapy of labeled bacteria. This method demonstrates that metabolic labeling with d‐amino acids is a promising strategy to specifically target and kill Gram‐positive bacteria.
Dual down‐regulation of EGFR and ErbB2 by berberine contributes to suppression of migration and invasion of human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Chuang Tzu‐Chao , Wu Kuohui , Lin Ying‐Yu , Kuo Han‐Peng , Kao Ming‐Ching , Wang Vinchi , Hsu Shih‐Chung , Lee Shou‐Lun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe overexpression of EGFR and/or ErbB2 occurs frequently in ovarian cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the anticancer effects and molecular mechanisms of berberine on human ovarian cancer cells with different levels of EGFR and/or ErbB2. We found that berberine reduced the motility and invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells. Berberine depleted both EGFR and ErbB2 in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, berberine suppressed the activation of the EGFR and ErbB2 downstream targets cyclin D1, MMPs, and VEGF by down‐regulating the EGFR‐ErbB2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The berberine‐mediated inhibition of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 activity could be rescued by co‐treatment with EGF. Finally, we demonstrated that berberine induced ErbB2 depletion through ubiquitin‐mediated proteasome degradation. In conclusion, the suppressive effects of berberine on the ovarian cancer cells that differ in the expression of EGFR and ErbB2 may be mediated by the dual depletion of EGFR and/or ErbB2.