bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced biodiversity in modernized villages: A conflict between sustainable development goals
Authors: Rosin Zuzanna M. , Hiron Matthew , Żmihorski Michał , Szymański Paweł , Tobolka Marcin , Pärt Tomas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Despite large conservation efforts to halt the loss of farmland biodiversity in Europe, negative population trends are still observed, especially for common species. Old villages and human settlements are biodiversity hotspots and important breeding habitats for farmland birds, but recent requirements for energy saving measures and improved living comfort have changed their architecture and habitats. Consequently, modernization of villages may negatively affect bird diversity due to the loss of nesting and foraging sites.

We investigated how the abundance and diversity of birds breeding in 104 Polish villages varied in relation to the degree of modernization as estimated by the proportion of new and renovated homesteads.

Abundance of building‐nesting species, but not tree‐nesting species, declined by 50% across a gradient of old to highly modernized villages. The contribution of new versus renovated houses to the observed decline was similar.

Synthesis and applications. Rural modernization may have a dramatic effect on abundance of birds nesting on buildings, thus may be an important and overlooked contributor to farmland bird population declines in Europe. Villages and rural properties fall outside of current conservation policy as they are neither protected areas nor agricultural lands (where agri‐environmental schemes can be applied). The observed conflict between sustainability goals such as increased building energy efficiency and biodiversity conservation suggests that sustainable rural development should better link modernization with conservation measures, for example, by constructing nesting sites when renovating and building new houses. The challenge is to design modern buildings that are both energy‐efficient and biodiversity‐friendly to generally improve quality of life for rural communities and to halt or reduce farmland bird declines in rural landscapes. Designers and architects can find inspiration from traditional architecture and add a variety of nest‐box types.
Measures of care fragmentation: Mathematical insights from population genetics
Authors: Rosenberg Noah A. , Zulman Donna M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify novel properties of health care fragmentation measures, drawing on insights from mathematically equivalent measures of genetic diversity.Study DesignWe describe mathematical relationships between two measures: (a) Breslau's Usual Provider of Care (UPC), the proportion of care with the most frequently visited provider, analogous to the “frequency of the most frequent allele” at a genetic locus; and (b) Bice‐Boxerman's Continuity of Care Index (COCI), a measure of care dispersion across multiple providers, analogous to “Nei's estimator of homozygosity” in genetics.Principal FindingsJust as the frequency of the most frequent allele places a tight constraint on homozygosity, the proportion of care with the most frequently visited provider (UPC) places lower and upper bounds on dispersion of care (COCI), and vice versa. This property presents the possibility of a normalized COCI given UPC (NCGU) measure, which reflects a bounded range of care dispersion dependent on the number of visits with the most frequently visited provider. Mathematical aspects of UPC and COCI also suggest thresholds for the minimal number of patient visits to use when studying fragmentation.ConclusionsApplying knowledge from population genetics elucidated relationships between care fragmentation measures and produced novel insights for care fragmentation studies.
A Behavioral Perspective on Saving Decisions. Empirical Evidence for Policymakers in the European Union
Authors: Clifton Judith , Díaz‐Fuentes Daniel , Llamosas García Gonzalo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEvidence is mounting that individuals do not always behave as strictly ‘rational’ customers of the banking sector as neoclassical models of economics would assume. Instead, scholars and policymakers are increasingly arguing that behavioral economics offers a more useful and realistic means of understanding customer behavior in the real economy. Drawing on data from the first European Central Bank harmonized household survey at the European level and Eurostat, this paper develops a multi‐level model to investigate how individuals actually save. We find evidence that loss aversion bias exists in saving behavior as regards an individual's current level of income, and that evidence of this effect is also supported at the country level. We also find strong evidence that socio‐demographic factors and cross‐country differences influence individuals' saving behavior. We argue that behavioral approaches can – and should – be used to understand saving behavior of individuals, and that this insight should be used towards the ongoing quest to improve future banking practice and financial reform, particularly in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis.
The mechanism of propofol in cancer development: An updated review
Authors: Gao Xingchun , Mi Yajing , Guo Na , Luan Jing , Xu Hao , Hu Zhifang , Wang Ning , Zhang Dian , Gou Xingchun , Xu Lixian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCancer is a key cause of death worldwide. Despite the development of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and even immunotherapy, surgery remains the standard treatment for cancer patients. Recently, many studies have shown that propofol, a commonly used anesthetic drug, can affect the prognosis of cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms of propofol in the development of cancer. Propofol not only affects epigenetic pathways, such as those involving miRNA, lncRNA and histone acetylation, but also modulates genetic signaling pathways, including the hypoxia, NF‐κB, MAPK, SLUG and Nrf2 pathways. In addition, propofol influences the immune function of patients and impacts the degree of immunosuppression. Furthermore, we briefly summarize the clinical trials on the effect of propofol in cancer development. Ultimately, further studies distinguishing the types of tumors in clinical trials are needed to clarify the correlation between propofol and cancer.
The role of CXC chemokine ligand 16 in physiological and pathological pregnancies
Authors: Shi Jia‐Wei , Yang Hui‐Li , Fan Deng‐Xuan , Yang Shao‐Liang , Qiu Xue‐Min , Wang Yan , Lai Zhen‐Zhen , Ha Si‐Yao , Ruan Lu‐Yu , Shen Hui‐Hui , Zhou Wen‐Jie , Li Ming‐Qing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe survival and development of a semi‐allogeneic fetus during pregnancy require the involvement of a series of cytokines and immune cells. Chemokines are a type of special cytokine those were originally described as having a role in leukocyte trafficking. CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 16 is a member of the chemokine family, and CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 6 is its sole receptor. Emerging evidence has shown that CXCL16/CXCR6 is expressed at the maternal‐fetal interface, by cell types that include trophoblast cells, decidual stroma cells, and decidual immune cells (eg, monocytes, γδT cells, and natural killer T (NKT) cells). The regulation of expression of CXCL16 is quite complex, and this process involves a multitude of factors. CXCL16 exerts a critical role in the establishment of a successful pregnancy through a series of molecular interactions at the maternal‐fetal interface. However, an abnormal expression of CXCL16 is associated with certain pathological states associated with pregnancy, including recurrent miscarriage, pre‐eclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In the present review, the expression and pleiotropic roles of CXCL16 under conditions of physiological and pathological pregnancy are systematically discussed.
Factors that predict a poor response to radiofrequency ablation for Barrett's oesophagus with dysplasia
Authors: Tsoi Edward H. , Cameron Georgina , Williams Richard , Desmond Paul , Taylor Andrew 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) can eradicate dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia in patients with dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus (BO). This study aimed to determine the factors that affect response to RFA for BO with dysplasia in a tertiary metropolitan referral centre.MethodsAll patients with dysplastic BO treated with regular proton pump inhibitor twice a day and RFA from November 2008 to July 2019 were identified. These patients were sorted into good responders (GR) (defined as eradication of dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia within three or less treatment sessions) and poor responders (PR) (defined as patients requiring four or more treatment sessions). The following features were compared between the groups: age, gender, presence of hiatus hernia, hiatus hernia size, circumferential and maximal length of BO, grade of dysplasia on histology at referral and presence of endoscopically visible reflux oesophagitis.ResultsA total of 152 patients received RFA for dysplastic BO, of whom 125 (82%) patients were classified as GR and 27 (18%) patients were classified as PR. PR had a longer circumferential length of BO compared to GR (mean length of 8.3 versus 3.3 cm, P < 0.0001). PR also had a longer maximal length of BO compared to GR (mean length of 8.7 versus 4.8 cm, P < 0.0001). More patients had reflux oesophagitis identified on gastroscopy in the PR group compared to GR group (12 (44%) versus 20 (16%), P = 0.001).ConclusionFactors such as circumferential and maximal length of BO and presence of reflux oesophagitis on gastroscopy are associated with poorer response to RFA.
Abdominal wall closure with prophylactic mesh in colorectal operations
Authors: Wong Jean , Jones Julia , Ananthapadmanabhan Saikrishna , Meagher Alan P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundProspective studies demonstrate that over one‐third of patients undergoing standard suture closure of laparotomy wounds will develop incisional hernias (IHs). Whilst prophylactic mesh has been demonstrated to decrease IH rates in clean laparotomy wounds, mesh has been associated with high rates of seroma formation (>30%), infection (>10%) and pain, discouraging many surgeons from using mesh, especially combined with intestinal surgery. The aim of this study is to review the experience of a single colorectal surgeon who, after noting high IH rates in his own patients, started placing prophylactic mesh routinely in patients judged to be at high risk of IH.MethodsThe records of all patients undergoing bowel resections and ileostomy closure by one surgeon from 2008 to 2018 were independently retrospectively analysed.ResultsOf the 935 procedures identified, 662 patients underwent midline laparotomy with bowel resection and 273 patients underwent closure of loop ileostomy. Mesh was placed prophylactically in 221 (23.6%) of 935 procedures. Comparing the mesh and non‐mesh groups, wound infections occurred in nine (4.1%) versus 23 (3.2%) (P = 0.53), seromas occurred in nine (4.1%) versus six (0.8%) (P = 0.003) and chronic pain was noted in 12 (5.4%) versus 17 (2.4%) (P = 0.04). The mean follow‐up was 33 months in both the mesh and non‐mesh groups. IHs have occurred in three (1.3%) of the mesh group compared to 95 (13.3%) of the non‐mesh group procedures (P = 0.0001).ConclusionIn colorectal operations, prophylactic mesh decreases the risk of IH without prohibitive complications.
Impact of high mechanical shear stress and oxygenator membrane surface on blood damage relevant to thrombosis and bleeding in a pediatric ECMO circuit
Authors: Sun Wenji , Wang Shigang , Chen Zengsheng , Zhang Jiafeng , Li Tieluo , Arias Katherin , Griffith Bartley P. , Wu Zhongjun J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe roles of the large membrane surface of the oxygenator and the high mechanical shear stress (HMSS) of the pump in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit were examined under a pediatric support setting. A clinical centrifugal pump and a pediatric oxygenator were used to construct the ECMO circuit. An identical circuit without the oxygenator was constructed for comparison. Fresh human blood was circulated in the two circuits for 4 hours under the identical pump speed and flow. Blood samples were collected hourly for blood damage assessment, including platelet activation, generation of platelet‐derived microparticles (PDMP), losses of key platelet hemostasis receptors (glycoprotein (GP) Ibα (GPIbα) and GPVI), and high molecular weight multimers (HMWM) of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and plasma free hemoglobin (PFH). Platelet adhesion on fibrinogen, VWF, and collagen was further examined. The levels of platelet activation and generation of PDMP and PFH exhibited an increasing trend with circulation time while the expression levels of GPIbα and GPVI receptors on the platelet surface decreased. Correspondingly, the platelets in the blood samples exhibited increased adhesion capacity to fibrinogen and decreased adhesion capacities on VWF and collagen with circulation time. Loss of HMWM of VWF occurred in both circuits. No statistically significant differences were found in all the measured parameters for blood damage and platelet adhesion function between the two circuits. The results indicate that HMSS from the pump played a dominant role in blood damage associated with ECMO and the impact of the large surface of the oxygenator on blood damage was insignificant.
Patient advocacy in head and neck cancer: Realities, challenges and the role of the multi‐disciplinary team
Authors: Dawson Camilla , Roe Justin , Starmer Heather , Brady Grainne , Nund Rebecca , Coffey Margaret , Govender Roganie , Patterson Jo M. , Nankivell Paul , Topping Annie , Sharma Neil , Parmar Sat , Elkington Chris , Merrit Malcolm , Stanbury David , Pracy Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the concept of advocacy in head and neck cancer. We define inherent challenges in the development and success of advocacy within this context and offer ways to embed it within clinical practice. We outline what advocacy is, ways in which it may benefit people with head and neck cancer and the engagement required from healthcare professionals to facilitate advocacy to improve outcomes.
Systemic and local effects of lidocaine or mepivacaine when used for intravenous regional anaesthesia of the distal limb in standing sedated horses
Authors: Mendez‐Angulo Jose L. , Granados Maria M. , Modesto Rolf , Serrano‐Rodriguez Juan M. , Funes Francisco J. , Quiros Setefilla , Gomez‐Villamandos Rafael J. , Zaldívar Sara , Trumble Troy N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundLocal anaesthetics are being combined clinically with amikacin in intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP), with limited knowledge on the analgesia provided and its onset and duration of action after tourniquet application and release.ObjectiveTo evaluate the systemic clinical effect, limb withdrawal to nociceptive stimulation, and plasma and synovial fluid concentrations after IVRLP with lidocaine or mepivacaine in standing sedated horses.Study designProspective, controlled, randomised, cross‐over study.MethodsSix healthy adult horses were sedated and received IVRLP with lidocaine, mepivacaine or saline (negative control), or perineural anaesthesia of the medial and lateral palmar and palmar metacarpal nerves (positive control) in one forelimb with a 3‐week washout period between trials. Electrical and mechanical stimuli were used to test nociceptive threshold of the limb before and after IVRLP/perineural anaesthesia. For lidocaine and mepivacaine trials, blood was collected from the jugular vein and synovial fluid from the radiocarpal joint before, during and out to 24 hours after IVRLP. Drug concentrations were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsNociceptive thresholds for lidocaine, mepivacaine and perineural anaesthesia trials were significantly increased compared with saline and baseline values at 10, 20 and 30 minutes, with no differences between anaesthetic trials. During this time, horses had lower heart rates than IVRLP with saline. After tourniquet release at 30 minutes, nociceptive thresholds for lidocaine and mepivacaine trials gradually returned to baselines, whereas perineural anaesthesia trial remained unchanged out to an hour. Plasma lidocaine and mepivacaine concentrations were ≤50 ng/mL while the tourniquet was in place, significantly increasing 10 minutes after tourniquet release. Maximal lidocaine and mepivacaine concentrations in synovial fluid were reached 25 minutes after IVRLP injection.Main limitationsAmikacin was not included in the perfusate.ConclusionSimilar to perineural anaesthesia, IVRLP with lidocaine or mepivacaine provides anti‐nociception to the distal limb in standing sedated horses while a tourniquet is applied with concentrations remaining below toxic levels in plasma and synovial fluid.
Determination of high‐order fields for multianisotropic material antiplane V‐notches and inclusions by the asymptotic expansion technique and an overdeterministic method
Authors: Yao Shanlong , Zappalorto Michele , Cheng Changzheng , Niu Zhongrong , Li Jingchuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the singular behavior for anisotropic multimaterial V‐notched plates is investigated under antiplane shear loading condition. Firstly, the elastic governing equations are transformed into eigen ordinary differential equations through introducing the asymptotic expansions of displacements near the notch tip. The stress singularity exponents, including the higher‐order terms, and the corresponding eigen angular functions are then obtained by solving the established equations by using the interpolating matrix method. Thus, using the combination of the results from finite element analyses and the derived asymptotic expansion, an overdeterministic method is employed to calculate the amplitudes of the coefficients in the asymptotic expansions. Finally, the stress and displacement fields in the vicinity of the notch tip, consisting of both singular terms and higher‐order terms, are determined. The effects of material properties and geometry characteristic on the singular behaviour of the notch tip are discussed in detail.
Onychocryptosis – decrypting the controversies
Authors: Thakur Vishal , Vinay Keshavamurthy , Haneke Eckart 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOnychocryptosis, or ingrown toenail, is a frequent, painful condition affecting young individuals. Controversies still exist regarding its etiopathogenesis and treatment options, including conservative and surgical techniques. The choice of treatment method depends on the stage of disease as conservative measures are mostly effective in early stages and surgical procedures are required in the later stages. Among surgical techniques, phenol cauterization of lateral nail matrix has been the most effective, safe, and commonly performed method. Other more destructive surgical procedures are rarely done nowadays. In this review, we briefly discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and different treatment options of ingrown toenail.
A Defence of Pharmaceutical Paternalism
Authors: Teira David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPharmaceutical paternalism is the normative stance upheld by pharmaceutical regulatory agencies like the US Food and Drug Administration. These agencies prevent patients from accessing treatments declared safe and ineffective for the patient's good without their consent. Libertarian critics of the FDA have shown a number of significant flaws in regulatory paternalism. Against these objections, I will argue that, in order to make an informed decision about treatments, a libertarian patient should request full disclosure of the uncertainty about an experimental treatment. But pharmaceutical markets, on their own, are not a reliable source of information about such uncertainty. And companies have the power to capture any independent expert who may assess it. Therefore, the libertarian is better off deferring on an independent regulatory body the assessment of the pharmaceutical risks, constraining access to treatments until tested.
Efficacy of access flap procedures compared to subgingival debridement in the treatment of periodontitis. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , Montero Eduardo , Citterio Filippo , Romano Federica , Molina Ana , Aimetti Mario 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThis systematic review aimed to answer the following focused questions: (a) “In patients with periodontitis, how effective are access flaps (AFs) as compared to subgingival debridement in attaining probing depth (PD) reduction?” and (b) “In patients with periodontitis, does the type of AF impact PD reduction?”.Material and MethodsRandomized clinical trials were searched in three databases. Besides PD, information concerning clinical attachment level (CAL) and other relevant outcomes was also collected. Meta‐analyses were performed whenever possible and results were categorized based on the initial PD.ResultsThirty‐six publications were included. AFs resulted in a significantly greater PD reduction in deep pockets (>6 mm or ≥6 mm), as compared to subgingival debridement, in short‐ (n = 4; weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.67 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37,0.97; p < .001) and long‐term studies (n = 4; WMD = 0.39 mm; 95% CI 0.09,0.70; p = .012), while in moderately deep pockets (4–6, 5–6 or 4–5 mm) only in short‐term studies (n = 4; WMD = 0.34; 95% CI 0.21,0.46; p < .001). In shallow pockets (1–3 or 1–4 mm), AFs led to greater CAL (n = 7; WMD = −0.43 mm; 95% CI −0.56, −0.28; p < .001). There was not enough evidence to answer question PICO 2.ConclusionsAFs resulted in greater PD reduction in the treatment of deep and moderate pockets.
Consistency of postoperative pain assessments between nurses and patients undergoing enhanced recovery after gynaecological surgery
Authors: Yang Yu'E , Xiong Chang , Xia Ling , Kang Si Si , Jian Jin Jin , Yang Xue Qing , Chen Ling , Wang Yuan , Yu Jin Jin , Xu Xi Zhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the consistency of pain intensity and pain location assessed by nurses and patients in gynaecology undergoing enhanced recovery after surgery pathway.BackgroundSeveral studies have shown that clinical nurses' assessment of patients' pain is not always accurate. Little is known about the accuracy of nurses' pain assessments for gynaecological patients. Postoperative pain assessment and management is an essential part of enhanced recovery after surgery.DesignComparative cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 160 patients were recruited and only 85 patients and 17 nurses participated. Patients and nurses recorded pain scores (using an 11‐point Numeric Rating Scale) and pain location (incision pain, surgical area pain in the abdominal cavity, other pain or no pain) on Pain Assessment Forms at 4 hr after surgery and on the first and second postoperative days. We used the STROBE guidelines to report our study.ResultsThe patients' pain score was higher than that of nurses from 4 hr to second day after laparoscopic surgery at rest. The pain scores of both nurses and patients decreased over this period of time. All the intraclass correlation coefficients were between 0.214–0.296. At the three time points, surgical area pain in the abdominal cavity and abdominal incision pain were the main pain areas. All the kappa coefficients were between 0.164–0.255.ConclusionsThe consistency of postoperative pain assessment about pain score and pain location between nurses and patients was not high. We should attach importance to systematic pain assessment, and more detailed enhanced recovery after surgery pathways should be developed about pain assessment.Relevance to clinical practiceContinuing education for nurses regarding pain assessment is necessary. Nurses should accept the patient's self‐reported pain. There should be a step that gives more time for pain assessment in enhanced recovery after surgery pathways.