bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newton’s method with fractional derivatives and various iteration processes via visual analysis
Authors: Gdawiec Krzysztof , Kotarski Wiesław , Lisowska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to visually investigate the dynamics and stability of the process in which the classic derivative is replaced by the fractional Riemann–Liouville or Caputo derivatives in the standard Newton root-finding method. Additionally, instead of the standard Picard iteration, the Mann, Khan, Ishikawa and S iterations are used. This process when applied to polynomials on complex plane produces images showing basins of attractions for polynomial zeros or images representing the number of iterations required to achieve any polynomial root. The images are called polynomiographs. In this paper, we use the colouring according to the number of iterations which reveals the speed of convergence and dynamic properties of processes visualised by polynomiographs. Moreover, to investigate the stability of the methods, we use basins of attraction. To compare numerically the modified root-finding methods among them, we demonstrate their action for polynomialz3− 1 on a complex plane.
Strong Feller Property for SDEs Driven by Multiplicative Cylindrical Stable Noise
Authors: Kulczycki Tadeusz , Ryznar Michał , Sztonyk Paweł 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe consider the stochastic differential equationdXt=A(Xt−)dZt,X0=x, driven by cylindricalα-stable processZtin , whereα∈ (0,1) andd≥ 2. We assume that the determinant ofA(x) = (aij(x)) is bounded away from zero, andaij(x) are bounded and Lipschitz continuous. We show that for any fixedγ∈ (0,α) the semigroupPtof the processXtsatisfies$|P_{t} f(x) - P_{t} f(y)| \le c t^{-\gamma /\alpha } |x - y|^{\gamma } ||f||_{\infty }$|Ptf(x)−Ptf(y)|≤ct−γ/α|x−y|γ||f||∞for arbitrary bounded Borel functionf. Our approach is based on Levi’s method.
The world-systemic network of global elite sociology: the western male monoculture at faculties of the top one-hundred sociology departments of the world
Authors: Demeter Marton , Toth Tamas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the educational paths and networks of core staff members (n = 3325) of the world’s top 100 sociology departments. Results show that a significant overrepresentation of central countries and considerable gender bias can be found throughout sociology departments with strong male dominance in high positions. By using an improved word-systemic model for the interpretation of our data, we were able to categorize the main agents and patients in the world-system of global elite sociology, and we could also describe those centripetal and centrifugal forces that absorb and reeducate peripheral talent while excluding those without Western reeducation.
Serum NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18, L-FABP: new biomarkers in the diagnostics of acute kidney injury (AKI) following invasive cardiology procedures
Authors: Zdziechowska Magdalena , Gluba-Brzózka Anna , Poliwczak Adam R. , Franczyk Beata , Kidawa Michał , Zielinska Marzenna , Rysz Jacek 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the levels of selected markers in patients who underwent planned or emergency coronary angiography and to examine if they correlated with the occurrence of AKI.

Methods
The study included 52 patients who underwent planned or emergency coronary angiography and received contrast agent. Serum levels of markers (NGAL, L-FABP, KIM-1, IL-18) were analyzed in all patients using ELISA tests, at baseline, after 24 and 72 h from angiography.

Results
9.62% of patients developed CI-AKI. No significant differences were observed between markers levels in patients who developed CI-AKI and those who did not. After 24 h, serum levels of IL-18 were higher in patients with CI-AKI, however, this difference was on the verge of significance. Increase in serum NGAL, KIM-1 and IL-18 was observed after 24 h. Serum levels of biomarkers were insignificantly higher in group with CI-AKI. Significant changes in levels in time (baseline vs. 24 h vs. 72 h) were observed only for NGAL [157.9 (92.4–221.0) vs. 201.8 (156.5–299.9) vs. 118.5 (73.4–198.7); p < 0.0001]. No significant correlations were observed between the decrease in eGFR or the increase in creatinine and biomarkers level.

Conclusion
Obtained results do not allow for the indication of efficient AKI biomarkers. Their further validation in large studies of CI-AKI patients is required.
Power Divergence Family of Statistics for Person Parameters in IRT Models
Authors: Liu Xiang , Yang James , Chae Hui Soo , Natriello Gary 
Published: June 2020

We generalize the power divergence (PD) family of statistics to the two-parameter logistic IRT model for the purpose of constructing hypothesis tests and confidence intervals of the person parameter. The well-known score test statistic is a special case of the proposed PD family. We also prove the proposed PD statistics are asymptotically equivalent and converge in distribution to χ12\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\chi _{1}^2$$\end{document}. In addition, a moment matching method is introduced to compare statistics and choose the optimal one within the PD family. Simulation results suggest that the coverage rate of the associated confidence interval is well controlled even under small sample sizes for some PD statistics. Compared to some other approaches, the associated confidence intervals exhibit smaller lengths while maintaining adequate coverage rates. The utilities of the proposed method are demonstrated by analyzing a real data set.
Review on the Role of Hydrocarbon Resources in India’s Energy Security and Climate Goals
Authors: Vedachalam N. , Ramadass G. A. , Atmanand M. A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In India, effective use of hydrocarbon fuels are essential for achieving energy security, economic growth, climate goals and to bridge the implementation delays in the renewable energy sector. Based on the published data, the paper reviews the role of hydrocarbon resources in the Indian energy sector and the need for an innovation-centered ecosystem in the areas of clean-coal usage, natural gas, sequestration and utilizing unconventional hydrocarbon resources.
Geochemical, Mineralogical and Petrological Characteristics of Lateritic Bauxite Deposits formed on Deccan Trap Basalt with Reference to High-level and Coastal (low level) Deposits of Maharashtra
Authors: Bhukte P. G. , Daware G. T. , Masurkar S. P. , Mahendiran P. , Janbandhu K. , Rao K. R. , Singh U. , Puttewar S. P. , Agnihotri A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Lateritic bauxite are the products of intense subareal weathering of rocks. It is characterised by a particular enrichment of aluminium-hydroxide minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore. Based on geological occurrences, bauxite is classified as lateritic, karstic, tikhvin type and about 86% deposits of the world are lateritic bauxite deposits. They typically are in stable areas of plateaux, where they had sufficient geological time to form and were protected from erosion. India is endowed about 3896 million tons of bauxite resources and Maharashtra state constitutes about 5 % of the total assets. The medium to high grade lateritic bauxite occurrences are located in western Maharashtra which spread up in two distinct belts, viz. high level and low-level coastal areas. The coastal bauxite deposits in Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg districts are located at altitude varying between 50 to 350 m above mean sea level (msl), while high level bauxite deposits of Kolhapur, Satara and Sangli districts occur on the plateaus with an elevation 900 to 1300 m above msl. Most of the laterite of the western Maharashtra overlies the Deccan Trap basalt, except in some part of coastal areas, it either caps the Kaladgi sandstone or overlie the Dharwar pebble beds. The lateritic bauxite deposits of the western Maharashtra have been studied with reference to its geology, chemico-mineralogy and petrological characteristics. Field studies indicate the following successive stages developed during in-situ weathering: Deccan trap basalt (parent rock) → weathered basalt → saprolite/lithomargic clay → bauxite → duricrust (ferruginous, aluminous laterites). The geological, physical and chemico-mineralogical characteristics of the bauxite and laterite located in two belts is distinguished from one another.
For the present study, two bauxite deposits namely Ringewadi and Velas located in Kolhapur (high-level) and Raigad (coastal) district of western Maharashtra respectively have been selected. The representative samples of bauxite, laterite, saprolite, parent rock have been collected. In present paper, comparative study has been done and the geological, geomorphological, geochemical, mineralogical, petrographic and physical characteristics of low level (coastal) and high-level lateritic bauxite deposits are highlighted.
Hydrochemical Characteristics, Groundwater Quality and Sources of Solute in the Ramganga Aquifer, Central Ganga Plain, Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Ahmad Sarfaraz , Maznar Syeda Nigar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The quality of groundwater is determined in parts of Ramganga basin, Bareilly, UP, India. Spatial variation of all the major ions shows south-eastern increasing trend except chloride and sulphate. Groundwater in the area belongs to the Mg2+-Ca2+-HCO3- cation facies. The monsoonal rainfall changes the ionic abundance order from HCO3-&gt;Cl-&gt;NO3&gt;SO4-2&gt; F-and Mg2+&gt; Ca2+&gt; K+&gt;Na+ of pre-monsoon to HCO3-&gt;Cl-&gt; SO4-2&gt;NO3-&gt;F- and Na+&gt; Mg2+&gt; Ca2+&gt; K+ of post-monsoon. Solute acquisition processes indicated that the rock weathering is the major mechanism of ions sources in groundwater. A coupled carbonate and silicate weathering type along with ion exchange processes are responsible for particular groundwater chemistry.
Groundwater quality parameters were tested for drinking, irrigation and corrosion purposes. It is found that 8.5%, 26%, 49%, 14% and 3% of the samples fall under the excellent, good, poor, very poor and unsuitable category respectively. SAR, Na%, RSC and Kelly index suggests that groundwater is safe for irrigation purposes. But high TDS of few samples suggested the salinity hazard while using it for irrigation purposes. Low CR values indicated a lower degree of corrosion hazard to the underground metal pipelines in the area.
Mechanical earth modeling and sand onset production prediction for Well X in Malay Basin
Authors: Ismail N. I. , Naz M. Y. , Shukrullah S. , Sulaiman S. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study is aimed at testing Mechanical earth modeling (MEM) and Sand onset production prediction (SOP) models using well log and core data to estimate the mechanical properties of the rock, in-situ stresses and the critical conditions at which the rock failure may occur. New numerical models were developed to predict the onset of sand production for Well X. The outputs from MEM were coupled with the Mohr Coulomb failure criterion to calculate the critical wellbore pressure of the well and consequently the depth of the rock at which failure may occur. The results showed that at depth of 1061.68–1098.10 m, the calculated critical wellbore pressures were negatives, which reveal low possibility of sand production. However, at a depth of 1098.25–2230.89 m, the calculated critical wellbore pressures were positives. In this depth range, there was high possibility of rock failure. In conclusion, based on the findings, Well X may produce sand at depth deeper than 1100 m. Therefore, mitigation and preventive actions should be planned for Well X to handle and manage the possible sand production from the identified interval.
Recognition of Natural Products as Potential Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): In-Silico Evidences
Authors: Narkhede Rohan R. , Pise Ashwini V. , Cheke Rameshwar S. , Shinde Sachin D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) emerged in 2019 and proliferated rapidly across the globe. Scientists are attempting to investigate antivirals specific to COVID-19 treatment. The 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV utilize the same receptor of the host which is COVID-19 of the main protease (Mpro).COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is burdensome to overcome by presently acquired antiviral candidates. So the objective and purpose of this work was to investigate the plants with reported potential antiviral activity. With the aid of in silico techniques such as molecular docking and druggability studies, we have proposed several natural active compounds including glycyrrhizin, bicylogermecrene, tryptanthrine, β-sitosterol, indirubin, indican, indigo, hesperetin, crysophanic acid, rhein, berberine and β-caryophyllene which can be encountered as potential herbal candidate exhibiting anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Promising docking outcomes have been executed which evidenced the worthy of these selected herbal remedies for future drug development to combat coronavirus disease.Graphic Abstract
Sexual function in women with androgen excess disorders: classic forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Kępczyńska-Nyk A. , Kuryłowicz A. , Nowak A. , Bednarczuk T. , Ambroziak U. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We compared the sexual function in women with classic forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to find if the cause of androgen excess determines sexual functioning.

Methods
Hundred and four women (21 with CAH, 63 with PCOS and 20 healthy controls) aged 18–40 years were included into the study. All participants completed a questionnaire regarding their sociodemographic background and underwent anthropometric and basic biochemical measurements. Plasma levels of total testosterone, androstenedione, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were measured with immunoassay. To assess the sexual functions, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire was applied.

Results
Apart from the higher physical activity in PCOS patients (P = 0.017), we found no significant sociodemographic differences between the studied groups. In clinical assessment, women with CAH had a lower incidence of acne (P = 0.006). Their plasma levels of 17OHP (P = 0.005) and insulin resistance index (P = 0.0248) were higher, while total testosterone (P = 0.0495) and glucose (P = 0.0061) was lower compared to the PCOS group. Significantly more women with CAH were homosexual (P = 0.003) and bisexual (P = 0.006). CAH group showed a lower total FSFI score (P = 0.0043) and lower scores in three domains: lubrication (P = 0.0131), sexual satisfaction (P = 0.0006), and dyspareunia (P < 0.0001). Higher physical activity was associated in all women with higher total FSFI score (P = 0.009) and scores in the domain of desire (P = 0.034) and sexual satisfaction (P = 0.01), while in CAH women apart from the total score (P = 0.03) and sexual satisfaction (P = 0.002) also in the domains of orgasm (P = 0.005), and pain (P = 0.03).

Conclusions
CAH women present more often homosexual and bisexual orientation, while their sexual functions are impaired compared to PCOS patients.
COVID-19 highlights the need for universal adoption of standards of medical care for physicians in nursing homes in Europe
Authors: O’Neill Desmond , Briggs Robert , Holmerová Iva , Samuelsson Olafur , Gordon Adam L. , Martin Finbarr C. ,   The Special Interest Group in Long Term Care of the European Geriatric Medicine Society
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe nursing home sector has seen a disproportionately high number of deaths as part of the COVID-19 pandemic. This reflects, in part, the frailty and vulnerability of older people living in care homes but has also, in part, been a consequence of the failure to include care homes in the systematic planning of a response to COVID, as well as a measure of neglect of standards and quality improvement in the sector. In response, the EUGMS published a set of medical standards of care developed in consultation with experts across its member national societies in 2015. The standards consisted of seven core principles of medical care for physicians working in nursing homes as a first step in developing a programme of clinical, academic and policy engagement in improving medical care for older people who are living and frequently also dying as residents in nursing homes. The gravity of the concerns arising for nursing home care from the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as emerging insights on care improvement in nursing homes indicate that an update of these medical standards is timely. This was performed by the writing group from the original 2015 guidelines and is intended as an interim measure pending a more formal review incorporating a systematic review of emerging literature and a Delphi process.
Removing a false sense of (open source) security
Authors: Williams Jeff 
Published: June 2020

Software is at the heart of the ‘digital transformation’ as businesses rapidly transition from traditional legacy-based models to more robust modern digital business processes. The rapid pace of modern software development has allowed businesses to transform the way they run – yielding superior customer experiences, greater efficiencies, faster time to market and better cost optimisation. But there are many application security challenges that need to be understood and addressed. Security instrumentation technology gives developers current, real-time visibility into all open source components across their portfolio, so they know what needs to be secured, says Jeff Williams of Contrast Security.
Some observations on the transeurasian language family, from the perspective of the Farming/Language Dispersal Hypothesis
Authors: Bellwood Peter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
During my attendance at the ‘Transeurasian Millets and Beans, Words and Genes’ conference in Jena (January 2019), Martine Robbeets invited me to comment on the articles that are published in this Special Collection in the journal Evolutionary Human Sciences. My comments are focused on the seven articles that deal with the ‘Farming/Language Dispersal Hypothesis’, one of the key theoretical constructs discussed during the conference. I consider how the hypothesis might aid an understanding of the prehistory and early history of the Transeurasian language family.
Antimicrobial stewardship: The influence of behavioral nudging on renal-function–based appropriateness of dosing
Authors: dos Santos Rodrigo P. , Deutschendorf Caroline , Vido Hellena G. , Gerson Rafaela B. , Marson Fabiane , Loreto Melina S. , Vaz Tiago A. , Avila André M. , Scheffel Rafael S. , Jacoby Thalita S. , dos Santos Helena B. , Dora José Miguel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFailure to adjust doses may contribute to adverse events. We evaluated the effectiveness of providing the estimated glomerular filtration rate on appropriateness of dosing for antimicrobials. The approach increased appropriateness of dosing from 33.9% to 41.4% (P < .001). Nudging prescription behavior can boost strategies for adequate antimicrobial prescription.
From high friction zone to frontal collapse: dynamics of an ongoing tidewater glacier surge, Negribreen, Svalbard
Authors: Haga Odin Næss , McNabb Robert , Nuth Christopher , Altena Bas , Schellenberger Thomas , Kääb Andreas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNegribreen, a tidewater glacier located in central eastern Svalbard, began actively surging after it experienced an initial collapse in summer 2016. The surge resulted in horizontal surface velocities of more than 25 m d−1, making it one of the fastest-flowing glaciers in the archipelago. The last surge of Negribreen likely occurred in the 1930s, but due to a long quiescent phase, investigations of this glacier have been limited. As Negribreen is part of the Negribreen Glacier System, one of the largest glacier systems in Svalbard, investigating its current surge event provides important information on surge behaviour among tidewater glaciers within the region. Here, we demonstrate the surge development and discuss triggering mechanisms using time series of digital elevation models (1969–2018), surface velocities (1995–2018), crevasse patterns and glacier extents from various data sources. We find that the active surge results from a four-stage process. Stage 1 (quiescent phase) involves a long-term, gradual geometry change due to high subglacial friction towards the terminus. These changes allow the onset of Stage 2, an accelerating frontal destabilization, which ultimately results in the collapse (Stage 3) and active surge (Stage 4).
Analyzing the cross-national comparability of party positions on the socio-cultural and EU dimensions in Europe
Authors: Bakker Ryan , Jolly Seth , Polk Jonathan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing survey vignettes and scaling techniques, we estimate common socio-cultural and European integration dimensions for political parties across the member states of the European Union. Previous research shows that party placements on the economic left-right dimension are cross-nationally comparable across the EU; however, the socio-cultural dimension is more complex, with different issues forming the core of the dimension in different countries. The 2014 wave of the Chapel Hill Expert Survey included anchoring vignettes which we use as “bridge votes” to place parties from different countries on a common liberal/authoritarian dimension and a separate common scale for European integration. We estimate the dimensions using the Bayesian Aldrich–McKelvey technique. The resulting scales offer cross-nationally comparable, interval-level measures of a party's socio-cultural and EU ideological positions.
Do as I Say or Do as I Do? How Social Relationships Shape the Impact of Descriptive and Injunctive Norms of Voting
Authors: Fieldhouse Edward , Cutts David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSocial norms play an important role in our understanding of why people vote, yet very little is known about the relative importance of descriptive and injunctive norms for voter turnout or how normative influence is affected by the political and social relationship between citizens. Using political discussion network data from the British Election Study, this article examines the joint effect of descriptive and injunctive norms on turnout. It demonstrates that citizens follow the example of those closest to them (descriptive norms), especially their partner, but they also respond to social approval of voting from political discussants regardless of the nature of their relationship.
Crime Victimization Increases Turnout: Evidence from Individual-Level Administrative Panel Data
Authors: Sønderskov Kim Mannemar , Dinesen Peter Thisted , Finkel Steven E. , Hansen Kasper M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhat are the consequences of being the victim of crime for political participation? Previous studies report mixed results with respect to voter turnout, in contrast to the positive effects found for other indicators of political engagement. However, previous turnout studies have failed to differentiate between violent and non-violent crime, and have relied on cross-sectional survey data that is prone to measurement biases and selection effects. This article addresses these shortcomings via a panel analysis of official registry data from Denmark recording individual-level turnout in two municipal elections (in 2009 and 2013) and victimization from violent and non-violent crime. It identifies the effect of victimization by comparing changes in turnout between the two elections for victims and two different counterfactual groups: non-victims in the general population, and individuals who were victimized after the 2013 election. The results show that victimization from violent crime increases turnout by 2 to 3 percentage points. The study further demonstrates a large negative between-individual effect of victimization, suggesting that previous studies have been marred by severe selection bias.