bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodox Perspectives on In Vitro Fertilization in Russia
Authors: Tarabrin Roman 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The views on in vitro fertilization (IVF) within Russian Orthodox Christian society are diverse. One reason for that variation is the ambiguity found in “The Basis of the Social Concept,” the document issued in 2000 by the Russian Orthodox Church and considered to be the primary guidelines for determining the Church’s stance on bioethics. This essay explores how the treatment of infertility reconciles with the Orthodox Christian faith and what methods of medical assistance for infertility may be appropriate for Orthodox Christians. The focus here is on IVF because it is among the most widely used methods to overcome childlessness, and the permissibility of IVF is the object of disagreement among Orthodox. The article defines criteria that can help to discern what is absolutely wrong and must be avoided from what only falls short of the mark, but not very far, for Orthodox Christians. If treatment of the underlying causes of infertility has failed or promises no hope and a husband and a wife do not feel able to carry the Cross of infertility, then from pastoral dispensation they might be blessed to use ethically acceptable variants of IVF. IVF has many variants that are different in their spiritual influence on a person. Orthodox Christians pursuing IVF should seek spiritual guidance and a blessing to pursue IVF. They must not form more embryos than will be transferred in the same cycle. Freezing, discarding, or reduction of embryos is forbidden. Infertile couples ought to use only their reproductive cells. The use of donor gametes is unacceptable. Any embryo formed ought to be transferred into the wife’s womb, and the use of surrogates is impermissible. Only a husband and wife who are able to maintain their marital union and where the wife is still of childbearing age should be blessed to use IVF.
Phylogenetic Cluster Analysis Identifies Virological and Behavioral Drivers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission in Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Bachmann Nadine , Kusejko Katharina , Nguyen Huyen , Chaudron Sandra E , Kadelka Claus , Turk Teja , Böni Jürg , Perreau Matthieu , Klimkait Thomas , Yerly Sabine , Battegay Manuel , Rauch Andri , Ramette Alban , Vernazza Pietro , Bernasconi Enos , Cavassini Matthias , Günthard Huldrych F , Kouyos Roger D ,   Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Anagnostopoulos A , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Böni J , Braun D L , Bucher H C , Calmy A , Cavassini M , Ciuffi A , Dollenmaier G , Egger M , Elzi L , Fehr J , Fellay J , Furrer H , Fux C A , Günthard H F , Haerry D , Hasse B , Hirsch H H , Hoffmann M , Hösli I , Huber M , Kahlert C R , Kaiser L , Keiser O , Klimkait T , Kouyos R D , Kovari H , Ledergerber B , Martinetti G , Martinez de Tejada B , Marzolini C , Metzner K J , Müller N , Nicca D , Paioni P , Pantaleo G , Perreau M , Rauch A , Rudin C , Scherrer A U , Schmid P , Speck R , Stöckle M , Tarr P , Trkola A , Vernazza P , Wandeler G , Weber R , Yerly S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Identifying local outbreaks and their drivers is a key step toward curbing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and potentially achieving HIV elimination. Such outbreaks can be identified as transmission clusters extracted from phylogenetic trees constructed of densely sampled viral sequences. In this study, we combined phylogenetic transmission clusters with extensive data on virological suppression and behavioral risk of cluster members to quantify the drivers of ongoing transmission over 10 years.

Methods
Using the comprehensive Swiss HIV Cohort Study and its drug-resistance database, we reconstructed phylogenetic trees for each year between 2007 and 2017. We identified HIV transmission clusters dominated by men who have sex with men (MSM) and determined their annual growth. We used Poisson regression to assess if cluster growth was associated with a per-cluster infectivity and behavioral risk score.

Results
Both infectivity and behavioral risk scores were significantly higher in growing MSM transmission clusters compared to nongrowing clusters (P ≤ .01). The fraction of transmission clusters without infectious members acquiring new infections increased significantly over the study period. The infectivity score was significantly associated with per-capita incidence of MSM transmission clusters in 8 years, while the behavioral risk score was significantly associated with per-capita incidence of MSM transmission clusters in 3 years.

Conclusions
We present a phylogenetic method to identify hotspots of ongoing transmission among MSM. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of treatment as prevention at the population level. However, the significantly increasing number of new infections among transmission clusters without infectious members highlights a relative shift from diagnosed to undiagnosed individuals as drivers of HIV transmission in Swiss MSM.
Detectable Serum Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral Load (RNAemia) Is Closely Correlated With Drastically Elevated Interleukin 6 Level in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Chen Xiaohua , Zhao Binghong , Qu Yueming , Chen Yurou , Xiong Jie , Feng Yong , Men Dong , Huang Qianchuan , Liu Ying , Yang Bo , Ding Jinya , Li Feng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load in respiratory specimens has been widely used to diagnose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is undeniable that serum SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid (RNAemia) could be detected in a fraction of COVID-19 patients. However, it is not clear whether testing for RNAemia is correlated with the occurrence of cytokine storms or with the specific class of patients.MethodsThis study enrolled 48 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the General Hospital of Central Theater Command, People’s Liberation Army, a designated hospital in Wuhan, China. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the Diagnosis and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia (sixth edition) guidelines issued by the National Health Commission of China. Clinical and laboratory data were collected, and the serum viral load and interleukin 6 (IL-6) level were determined.ResultsAnalysis of clinical characteristics of 48 cases of COVID-19 showed that RNAemia was diagnosed only in the critically ill group and seemed to reflect the severity of the disease. Furthermore, the level of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in critically ill patients increased significantly, almost 10 times that in other patients. More importantly, the extremely high IL-6 level was closely correlated with the detection of RNAemia (R = 0.902).ConclusionsDetectable serum SARS-CoV-2 RNA (RNAemia) in patients with COVID-19 was associated with elevated IL-6 concentration and poor prognosis. Because elevated IL-6 may be part of a larger cytokine storm that could worsen outcome, IL-6 could be a potential therapeutic target for critically ill patients with an excessive inflammatory response.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Febrile Infants Without Respiratory Distress
Authors: Paret Michal , Lighter Jennifer , Pellett Madan Rebecca , Raabe Vanessa N , Shust Gail F , Ratner Adam J 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report 2 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) in infants presenting with fever in the absence of respiratory distress who required hospitalization for evaluation of possible invasive bacterial infections. The diagnoses resulted from routine isolation and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction–based testing for SARS-CoV-2 for febrile infants in an outbreak setting.
The independent reduction in mortality associated with guideline-directed medical therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Wolfe Natasha K , Mitchell Joshua D , Brown David L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is underutilized in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there are no studies evaluating the impact of GDMT adherence on mortality among patients with CAD and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We sought to investigate the association of GDMT adherence with long-term mortality in patients with CAD and HFrEF.

Methods and results
Surgical Treatment for Ischaemic Heart Failure (STICH) was a trial of patients with an left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% and CAD amenable to coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) who were randomized to CABG plus medical therapy (N = 610) or medical therapy alone (N = 602). Median follow-up time was 9.8 years. We defined GDMT for the treatment of CAD and HFrEF as the combination of at least one antiplatelet drug, a statin, a beta-blocker, and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Assessment of the independent association between GDMT and mortality was performed using multivariable Cox regression with GDMT as a time-dependent covariate. In the CABG arm, 63.6% of patients were on GDMT throughout the study period compared to 66.5% of patients in the medical therapy arm (P = 0.3). GDMT was independently associated with a significant reduction in mortality (hazard ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.56–0.76; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
GDMT is associated with reduced mortality in patients with CAD and HFrEF independent of revascularization with CABG. Strategies to improve GDMT adherence in this population are needed to maximize survival.
Intra-Couple (Dis)Similarity in Gender Role Attitudes and the Transition to Parenthood in Germany
Authors: Hudde Ansgar , Engelhardt Henriette 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper tests whether couples in which partners hold dissimilar gender role attitudes are less likely to have a first child together compared to couples in which both partners share similar attitudes. The study contributes to micro-level research on gender role attitudes and fertility, which has examined the content of one partner’s attitudes, but not the fit of both partners’ views. We analyse unique panel data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) collected between 2008 and 2017, which includes information on the attitudes of both partners in a couple. Results show that couples whose members have dissimilar gender role attitudes are substantially and significantly less likely to have a child together over time. This observation holds independently of both partners’ individual attitudes and holds against a number of robustness checks.
Recommendations for participation in leisure-time physical activity and competitive sports of patients with arrhythmias and potentially arrhythmogenic conditions. Part 2: ventricular arrhythmias, channelopathies, and implantable defibrillators
Authors: Heidbuchel Hein , Arbelo Elena , D’Ascenzi Flavio , Borjesson Mats , Boveda Serge , Castelletti Silvia , Miljoen Hielko , Mont Lluis , Niebauer Josef , Papadakis Michael , Pelliccia Antonio , Saenen Johan , Sanz de la Garza María , Schwartz Peter J , Sharma Sanjay , Zeppenfeld Katja , Corrado Domenico ,   EHRA/EAPC Scientific Review Group, Heinzel Frank R , Veltmann Christian , Odening Katja E , Boldt Leif-Hendrik , Anne Wim , Napolitano Carlo , Davos Constantinos , Piepoli Massimo , Biffi Alessandro , van Buuren Frank 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper belongs to a series of recommendation documents for participation in leisure-time physical activity and competitive sports by the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). Together with an accompanying paper on supraventricular arrhythmias, this second text deals specifically with those participants in whom some form of ventricular rhythm disorder is documented, who are diagnosed with an inherited arrhythmogenic condition, and/or who have an implanted pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator. A companion text on recommendations in athletes with supraventricular arrhythmias is published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. Since both texts focus on arrhythmias, they are the result of a collaboration between EAPC and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). The documents provide a framework for evaluating eligibility to perform sports, based on three elements, i.e. the prognostic risk of the arrhythmias when performing sports, the symptomatic impact of arrhythmias while performing sports, and the potential progression of underlying structural problems as the result of sports.
Towards dynamic forest trafficability prediction using open spatial data, hydrological modelling and sensor technology
Authors: Salmivaara Aura , Launiainen Samuli , Perttunen Jari , Nevalainen Paavo , Pohjankukka Jonne , Ala-Ilomäki Jari , Sirén Matti , Laurén Ari , Tuominen Sakari , Uusitalo Jori , Pahikkala Tapio , Heikkonen Jukka , Finér Leena 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Forest harvesting operations with heavy machinery can lead to significant soil rutting. Risks of rutting depend on the soil bearing capacity which has considerable spatial and temporal variability. Trafficability prediction is required in the selection of suitable operation sites for a given time window and conditions, and for on-site route optimization during the operation. Integrative tools are necessary to plan and carry out forest operations with minimal negative ecological and economic impacts. This study demonstrates a trafficability prediction framework that utilizes a spatial hydrological model and a wide range of spatial data. Trafficability was approached by producing a rut depth prediction map at a 16 × 16 m grid resolution, based on the outputs of a general linear mixed model developed using field data from Southern Finland, modelled daily soil moisture, spatial forest inventory and topography data, along with field measured rolling resistance and information on the mass transported through the grid cells. Dynamic rut depth prediction maps were produced by accounting for changing weather conditions through hydrological modelling. We also demonstrated a generalization of the rolling resistance coefficient, measured with harvester CAN-bus channel data. Future steps towards a nationwide prediction framework based on continuous data flow, process-based modelling and machine learning are discussed.
Probabilistic earthquake locations of induced seismicity in the Groningen region, the Netherlands
Authors: Smith Jonathan D , White Robert S , Avouac Jean-Philippe , Bourne Stephen 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYThe Groningen gas reservoir, situated in the northeast of the Netherlands, is western Europe’s largest producing gas field and has been in production since 1963. The gas production has induced both subsidence and seismicity. Seismicity is detected and located using the Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut shallow-borehole array for the period 2015–2017, incorporating the back projection techniques of QuakeMigrate and the nonlinear location procedure to constrain earthquake locations and depths. The uncertainties on the estimated depths are estimated taking into account velocity model, changes in station array geometry and uncertainties in the measurement of arrival times of the P and S waves. We show that the depth distribution of seismicity is consistent with nucleation within the reservoir (28 per cent) or in the overburden (60 per cent) within ∼500 m from the top of the reservoir. Earthquakes with hypocentres in the overburden likely originate from overlying Zechstein anhydrite caprock. Based on their depth distribution, it seems like the earthquakes are primarily driven by the elastic strain in the reservoir and overburden, induced by the reservoir compaction. We estimate the probability of earthquakes nucleating beneath the reservoir in the underlying Carboniferous limestone and basement, to be no more than 12 per cent.
Differential Plasma Protein Regulation and Statin Effects in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected and Non-HIV-Infected Patients Utilizing a Proteomics Approach
Authors: deFilippi Chris , Toribio Mabel , Wong Lai Ping , Sadreyev Ruslan , Grundberg Ida , Fitch Kathleen V , Zanni Markella V , Lo Janet , Sponseller Craig A , Sprecher Emmett , Rashidi Narges , Thompson Melanie A , Cagliero Diana , Aberg Judith A , Braun Laurie R , Stanley Takara L , Lee Hang , Grinspoon Steven K 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) demonstrate increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Statins are being studied to prevent ASCVD in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but little is known regarding the effects of statins on a broad range of inflammatory and cardiovascular proteins in this population.MethodsWe used a highly specific discovery proteomic approach (Protein Extension Assay), to determine statin effects on over 350 plasma proteins in relevant ASCVD pathways among HIV and non-HIV groups. Responses to pitavastatin calcium were assessed in 89 PWH in the INTREPID trial and 46 non-HIV participants with features of central adiposity and insulin resistance. History of cardiovascular disease was exclusionary for both studies.ResultsAmong participants with HIV, PCOLCE (enzymatic cleavage of type I procollagen) significantly increased after pitavastatin therapy and PLA2G7 (systemic marker of arterial inflammation) decreased. Among participants without HIV, integrin subunit alpha M (integrin adhesive function) and defensin alpha-1 (neutrophil function) increased after pitavastatin therapy and PLA2G7 decreased. At baseline, comparing participants with and without HIV, differentially expressed proteins included proteins involved in platelet and endothelial function and immune activation.ConclusionsPitavastatin affected proteins important to platelet and endothelial function and immune activation, and effects differed to a degree within PWH and participants without HIV.
Lipid mediators and sterile inflammation in ischemic stroke
Authors: Nakamura Akari , Otani Kento , Shichita Takashi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Stroke is one of the major causes of lethality and disability, yet few effective therapies have been established for ischemic stroke. Inflammation in the ischemic brain is induced by the infiltration and subsequent activation of immune cells. Loss of cerebral blood flow and ischemic brain-cell death trigger the activation of infiltrating immune cells and drastic changes in the lipid content of the ischemic brain. In particular, polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites regulate cerebral post-ischemic inflammation and ischemic stroke pathologies. In this review, we discuss the relationships between the lipid mediators and cerebral post-ischemic inflammation and their relevance to possible future therapeutic strategies targeting lipid mediators for ischemic stroke.
Detailed characterization of an IncFII plasmid carrying blaOXA-48 from Lebanon
Authors: Moussa Jennifer , Panossian Balig , Nassour Elie , Salloum Tamara , Abboud Edmond , Tokajian Sima 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is an important challenge and an increasing healthcare problem. OXA-48 is a class D carbapenemase that is usually localized on a conjugative plasmid belonging to the IncL incompatibility group.

Methods
In this study, we used a combination of short- and long-read WGS approaches and molecular typing techniques to characterize the genetic environment of the smallest reported 27 029 bp IncFII plasmid carrying blaOXA-48 (pLAU-OXA48).

Results
The plasmid recovered from a clinical Escherichia coli isolate was positive for blaOXA-48, which was located within the Tn6237 composite transposon. Primers targeting junctions between the IncF fragment and Tn6237 for the rapid identification of pLAU-OXA48-like plasmids were designed.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the complete sequence of an IncFII plasmid carrying blaOXA-48 within Tn6237 using hybrid assembly of long- and short-read sequencing.
An Analytical Method to Quantify Osteopontin in Dairy Powders and Infant Formulas by Signature Peptide Quantification with UHPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Moloney Cian , Brosnan Brid , Faulkner Hope , O’Regan Jonathan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Osteopontin (OPN) is an important protein in human milk, and is of growing interest to infant formula (IF) manufacturers. OPN is present at low quantities in bovine milk and its derived ingredients, and there is a need for an accurate quantitative method in complex matrixes such as IF and growing-up milks (GUMs).

Objective
The objective of this work was to validate a method to quantify OPN in several dairy powders produced from bovine milk, including skimmed milk powder (SMP), whey protein concentrate (WPC), demineralized WPC and α-lactalbumin-enriched WPC (α-lac WPC). The method was further validated in intact-protein IF and GUM powders produced using combinations of these ingredients.

Methods
Test samples were digested using trypsin, and the most appropriate peptide fragmentation transitions were identified by UHPLC-MS/MS. Quantification was made against a standard curve constructed from OPN reference material, and isotopically-labelled peptide standards were used as internal standards. Curve linearity was assessed, and samples were spiked at two OPN levels.

Results
The validation parameters were met in almost all cases, with precision RSDr and RSDiR values ranging from 0.26–7.43% and 1.22–12.70%, respectively, and spike recoveries ranging from 88–102%. The method was used to accurately measure OPN in bovine milk-based IF and GUM powders with intact protein systems, based on comparisons with mass balance calculations.

Conclusions
The results from this study show that the method is fit-for-purpose to support IF and GUM manufacturers in evaluating OPN contents of raw materials and products containing whole, intact protein systems from bovine milk.

Highlights
An LC-MS/MS method was developed to measure OPN in dairy powders, IF and GUMs containing whole, intact protein systems from bovine milk.
Gasdermine E-Dependent Mitochondrial Pyroptotic Pathway in Dermatomyositis: A Possible Mechanism of Perifascicular Atrophy
Authors: Liu Meirong , Li Ling , Dai Tingjun , Hou Ying , Li Wei , Zhao Yuying , Fang Qi , Yan Chuanzhu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the pathological basis of perifascicular atrophy (PFA), a pathognomonic histologic feature of dermatomyositis (DM); however, the detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated. There is mitochondrial dysfunction in PFA and expression of mitochondrial apoptosis molecules has been reported in DM. Overexpression of gasdermin E (GSDME) can turn mitochondrial apoptosis to mitochondrial pyroptosis, a newly characterized form of programmed cell death. We determined the expression of proteins involved in the caspase-3- and GSDME-dependent mitochondrial pyroptotic pathway, including BAX, BAK, cytochrome C, caspase-9, caspase-3, GSDME, and IL-1α, in biopsied muscles from DM and control patients. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that those markers were expressed in most fibers in PFA in DM. GSDME-positive and IL-1α-positive staining was mainly localized around punched-out vacuoles or sarcolemma. These markers were significantly upregulated at the protein and mRNA levels in DM versus controls. Our results suggest that caspase-3- and GSDME-dependent mitochondrial pyroptosis are involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms of PFA in DM and that targeting GSDME-dependent mitochondrial pyroptosis may be an effective therapeutic approach for this condition.