bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography using carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin functionalized gold nanoparticles as chiral stationary phase
Authors: Zhang Chenning , Qu Jialin , Lv Xiaoyuan , Zhang Jianbin , Fang Linlin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnantioselective open tubular capillary electrochromatography with carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin conjugated gold nanoparticles as stationary phase was developed. This novel open tubular column was fabricated through layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly of gold nanoparticles on a 3‐mercaptopropyl‐trimethoxysilane‐modified fused‐silica capillary and subsequent surface functionalization of the gold nanoparticles through self‐assembly of 6‐mercapto‐β‐cyclodextrin. The 6‐mercapto‐β‐cyclodextrin was firstly synthesized and determined by extensive spectroscopic data. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis spectroscopy, and electroosmotic flow experiments were carried out to characterize the prepared open tubular column. Then, the separation effectiveness of the open tubular column was verified by two pairs of ɑ‐tetralones derivatives enantiomers and two pairs of basic drug enantiomers (tramadol hydrochloride and zopiclone) as mode analytes. Factors that influence the enantioseparation were optimized, and under the optimized conditions, satisfactory separation results were obtained for the four enantiomers: compound A, compound B, tramadol hydrochloride, and zopiclone with resolutions of 3.79, 1.56, 1.03, 1.60, respectively. For the combination of gold nanoparticles and negatively charged carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, the open tubular column exhibited wider separation range for neutral and basic drugs. Moreover, the repeatability and stability of the column were studied through the run‐to‐run and day‐to‐day investigations.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve regeneration using a self‐assembling peptide hydrogel
Authors: Yoshimatsu Masayoshi , Nakamura Ryosuke , Kishimoto Yo , Yurie Hirofumi , Hayashi Yasuyuki , Kaba Shinji , Ohnishi Hiroe , Yamashita Masaru , Tateya Ichiro , Omori Koichi 
Published: December 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo regenerate defected recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs), various methods have been developed. However, no consistently effective treatments are currently available because of their insufficient functional recovery. RADA16‐I, a self‐assembling peptide used clinically as a hemostat, reportedly supports neurite outgrowth and functional synapse formation in vitro. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RADA16‐I hydrogels on transected RLNs in rats.Study DesignAnimal experiments with controls.MethodsFifteen adult rats were divided into the following three groups: RADA16‐I (+), RADA16‐I (−), and neurectomy. A 6‐mm gap of the left RLN was bridged using an 8‐mm silicone tube in the RADA16‐I (−) and RADA16‐I (+) groups. Subsequently, RADA16‐I hydrogel was injected into the tube in the RADA16‐I (+) group. The surgical incisions were closed without any further treatment in the neurectomy group. After 8 weeks, laryngoscopy and electrophysiological and histological examinations were performed to evaluate the effect of RADA16‐I on nerve regeneration and thyroarytenoid muscle atrophy.ResultsAlthough most rats in the three groups exhibited no improvements of their vocal fold movement, partial recovery was observed in one rat in the RADA16‐I (+) group. The neurofilament‐positive areas and the number of myelinated nerves in the RADA16‐I (+) group were significantly higher than in the RADA16‐I (−) group. The area of the left thyroarytenoid muscle in the RADA16‐I (+) group was significantly larger than that of the neurectomy group.ConclusionsOur results suggested that RADA16‐I hydrogel was effective for RLN regeneration.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:2420–2427, 2020
Paradigm shift in surgery for benign parotid tumors: 19 years of experience with almost 3000 cases
Authors: Bär Bianca , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Iro Heinrich 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the changes in philosophy in the surgical therapy of benign parotid tumors over a period of 19 years.MethodsThe records of all patients treated for benign parotid tumors between 2000 and 2018 were evaluated. Data were analyzed with respect to the number of procedures carried out per year of the study according to each of the different surgical modalities and the incidence of postoperative complications. Statistical analysis was performed using the x2 test. A P value of <.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 2988 patients were included in this study. Our analysis showed that the increasing performance of extracapsular dissection was associated with a progressive reduction in the incidence of temporary facial nerve palsy and Frey's syndrome, while the rate of permanent facial nerve palsy remained consistently low.ConclusionOne of the most controversial issues in head and neck surgery is which therapeutic approach is best in patients with benign parotid tumors. Our analysis demonstrated that a change of strategy towards reducing invasiveness was possible, with exceptional functional results. Avoidance of facial nerve dissection is feasible in more than two‐thirds of cases with benign tumors.Level of Evidence4b Laryngoscope, 130: 1941–1946, 2020
Codimension and projective dimension up to symmetry
Authors: Le Dinh Van , Nagel Uwe , Nguyen Hop D. , Römer Tim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSymmetric ideals in increasingly larger polynomial rings that form an ascending chain are investigated. We focus on the asymptotic behavior of codimensions and projective dimensions of ideals in such a chain. If the ideals are graded it is known that the codimensions grow eventually linearly. Here this result is extended to chains of arbitrary symmetric ideals. Moreover, the slope of the linear function is explicitly determined. We conjecture that the projective dimensions also grow eventually linearly. As part of the evidence we establish two non‐trivial lower linear bounds of the projective dimensions for chains of monomial ideals. As an application, this yields Cohen–Macaulayness obstructions.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Alternaria Mycobolome Using Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolomics
Authors: Gotthardt Marina , Kanawati Basem , Schmidt Frank , Asam Stefan , Hammerl Richard , Frank Oliver , Hofmann Thomas , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe , Rychlik Michael 
Published: December 2019

ScopeAlternaria fungi are widely distributed plant pathogens infecting grains and vegetables and causing major harvest losses in the field and during postharvest storage. Besides, consumers are endangered by the formation of toxic secondary metabolites. Some of these secondary metabolites are chemically characterized as mycotoxins, but the majority of the Alternaria mycobolome still remains unknown.Methods and resultsFourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS) and LC‐MS/MS are combined for the non‐targeted and targeted analysis of the metabolome of three A. alternata isolates and one A. solani isolate. Due to the ultra‐high resolution of FTICR‐MS, unique molecular formulae are assigned to measured m/z signals. The molecular formulae are matched to entries of the databases Antibase and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The non‐targeted analysis of the fungal extracts reveals variations in the secondary metabolite profile of A. alternata and A. solani. Differences in the biosynthesis of dibenzo‐α‐pyrones, perylene quinones, tentoxin, and tenuazonic acid of the A. alternata and A. solani isolates are determined applying targeted LC‐MS/MS.ConclusionFTICR‐MS analyses reveal clear differences in the metabolic profile of the A. solani and the A. alternata isolates.
Miniaturized Wilkinson power divider with suppressed harmonics
Authors: Imani Mohammad Amin , Shama Farzin , Roshani Gholam Hossein 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA Wilkinson power divider (WPD) with good novelty has been presented in this letter. To achieve this design, each quarter‐wavelength lines of the conventional WPD have been replaced by two symmetrical comb‐shaped resonators. These resonators create two rejection bands near their passbands, which can guarantee a good harmonics suppression for a power divider. By applying and computing the even‐/odd‐modes analysis, the suggested PD has been analyzed. In the proposed PD, the extra harmonics from second to 10th are suppressed. The normalized circuit size for operation in the center frequency of 1.1 GHz is about 0.06 × 0.07 λg. Eventually, fabrication of the power divider has been done on Rogers type RT‐Duroid 5880 substrate and tested. The measured return loss is about 16 dB in the fundamental frequency. The obtained experimental S‐parameters validated the primal design results. Therefore, the proposed WPD is a high performance one, which can be applied for applications such as the signal splitter in a Doherty power amplifier.
Complementary medicine for the management of knee and hip osteoarthritis – A patient perspective
Authors: Kim ChoWool , Stebbings Simon , Sundberg Tobias , Munk Niki , Lauche Romy , Ward Lesley 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundComplementary medicines and therapies (CMT) are recommended in osteoarthritis (OA) treatment guidelines; however, there are few studies on CMT use in the community. The present study explored the use and perceptions of CMT for OA management in a New Zealand population.MethodsNineteen middle‐ to older‐aged adults with hip or knee OA, recruited from a public hospital research database, engaged in focus groups exploring CMT knowledge, factors influencing CMT use, and the role of medical professionals in the decision‐making process. Participants were organized into four groups, further to explore the impact of age or OA duration on CMT use.ResultsThematic analysis resulted in five themes, consistent across all groups: participants' perceptions of CMT; reasons for taking CMT; reasons for not taking CMT; sources and credibility of CMT information; and medical professionals' role in CMT use. Participants indicated a range of CMT use, yet were unclear what defined a product as ‘CMT’. CMT use was influenced by symptom severity, previous experiences of themselves or trusted others, and perceived CMT effectiveness. General practitioners were identified as participants' preferred source of CMT information, owing to both their professional knowledge and lack of commercial gain from promoting CMT use.ConclusionParticipants supported CMT for OA management, based on evidence and/or experience of effectiveness. Proactive general practitioner dialogue and subsidized CMT products recommended as part of a clinical treatment plan would encourage further CMT uptake. Additionally, the development of standardized CMT terminology would facilitate patient–doctor communication regarding CMT use and promote inter‐professional dialogue regarding multidisciplinary patient treatment.
Cd doped Ba (NO3)2 nanoparticle as broadband solar absorber in thin film organic solar cell
Authors: Kesinro Olasunkanmi R. , Boyo Adenike O. , Hamed Mohammed S. G. , Akinyemi Marvel L. , Maaza Malik , Kasinathan Kaviyarasu , Mola Genene Tessema 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnhanced photocurrent was observed by embedding Cd doped Ba (NO3)2 nanoparticle composite in the photoactive layer of bulk heterojunction organic solar cell. The research was conducted based on P3HT: PCBM blend active layer containing Cd doped Ba (NO3)2 at various concentrations. The best performance of the fabricated devices was found to be dependent on the concentration of the composite nanoparticle. A substantial improvement in PCE of 5.01% compared to 3.25% of the pristine device was obtained. The optical and electrical properties of the fabricated devices were carried out. Also, the structural properties of the nanoparticle composite were established.
Cell‐free DNA for Down syndrome screening in obese women: Is it a cost‐effective strategy?
Authors: Hopkins Maeve K. , Dugoff Lorraine , Durnwald Celeste , Havrilesky Laura J. , Dotters‐Katz Sarah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveDetermine cost differences between cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) and serum integrated screening (INT) in obese women given the limitations of aneuploidy screening in this population.MethodsUsing a decision‐analytic model, we estimated the cost‐effectiveness of trisomy 21 screening in class III obese women using cfDNA compared with INT. Primary outcomes of the model were cost, number of unnecessary invasive tests, procedure‐related fetal losses, and missed cases of trisomy 21.ResultsIn base case, the mean cost of cfDNA was $498 greater than INT ($1399 vs $901). cfDNA resulted in lower probabilities of unnecessary invasive testing (2.9% vs 3.5%), procedure‐related loss (0.015% vs 0.019%), and missed cases of T21 (0.00013% vs 0.02%). cfDNA cost $87 485 per unnecessary invasive test avoided, $11 million per procedure‐related fetal loss avoided, and $2.2 million per missed case of T21 avoided. In sensitivity analysis, when the probability of insufficient fetal fraction is assumed to be >25%, cfDNA is both costlier than INT and results in more unnecessary invasive testing (a dominated strategy).ConclusionWhen the probability of insufficient fetal fraction more than 25% (a maternal weight of ≥300 lbs), cfDNA is costlier and results in more unnecessary invasive testing than INT.
Opening the black box of the group‐based trajectory modeling process to analyze medication adherence patterns: An example using real‐world statin adherence data
Authors: Hickson Ryan P. , Annis Izabela E. , Killeya‐Jones Ley A. , Fang Gang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThe rationale for choosing a final group‐based trajectory modeling (GBTM) specification and evaluations of patient adherence patterns within groups are often omitted in the GBTM medication adherence literature. We aimed to (1) reveal the complexity of GBTM and (2) assess model discrimination of patient medication adherence patterns.MethodsMedicare administrative claims were used to measure statin medication adherence as a continuous value in the 6 months before an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) hospitalization. Different GBTM specifications beyond default settings were constructed and compared with the Bayesian information criterion. Spaghetti plots were used to compare individual adherence patterns with group averages.ResultsOverall, 113,296 prevalent statin users met eligibility criteria. Four adherence groups were identified: persistently adherent, moderately adherent, progressively nonadherent, and persistently nonadherent. Spaghetti plots showed the persistently adherent and persistently nonadherent groups had relatively homogeneous adherence patterns that matched predicted trajectories well. Spaghetti plots also showed that, while adherence patterns in the progressively nonadherent group were not as homogeneous, most patients in this group appeared to be discontinuing statin therapy pre‐AMI.ConclusionsSubjective decisions are necessary to identify a final trajectory model. Greater transparency and disclosure of these decisions in the medication adherence literature are needed. Individual patient adherence patterns from spaghetti plots provided additional diagnostic information about trajectory models beyond standard model‐fit assessments to determine if group‐average adherence estimates represent homogeneous patterns of medication adherence.
Monitoring permafrost and periglacial processes in Sierra Nevada (Spain) from 2001 to 2016
Authors: Gómez‐Ortiz Antonio , Oliva Marc , Salvador‐Franch Ferran , Palacios David , Tanarro Luis Miguel , de Sanjosé‐Blasco José Juan , Salvà‐Catarineu Montserrat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOutside the Alps, the Sierra Nevada is probably the best studied European massif with respect to its past and current environmental dynamics. A multi‐approach research program started in the early 2000s focused on the monitoring of frozen ground conditions in this National Park. Here, we present data on the thermal state and distribution of permafrost and seasonal frozen ground in different sites across the highest areas of the massif. New results confirm the absence of widespread permafrost conditions, with seasonal frost prevailing above 2500 m. Small permafrost patches have been only detected in glaciated areas of the Veleta and Mulhacén cirques during the Little Ice Age at elevations of 3000–3100 m. The remnants of those glaciers are still preserved under the thick debris layer covering the cirque floors. Geomatic and geophysical surveying of a rock glacier existing in the Veleta cirque, together with the monitoring of soil temperature at different depths, have revealed permanently frozen conditions undergoing a process of degradation. In the rest of the massif, a seasonal frost regime prevails, even at the highest plateaus at 3300–3400 m, where annual soil temperatures average 2.5°C. The monitoring of soil temperatures in other different periglacial features has also revealed positive average values ranging between 2°C (inactive sorted‐circles) and 3–4°C (inactive and weakly active solifluction lobes). Consequently, we conclude that the present‐day climatic regime does not allow the existence of permafrost in the Sierra Nevada, and environmental dynamics is controlled by the intensity and duration of seasonal frost in the ground.
Impact of road proximity on infants and children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Collaco Joseph M. , Morrow Michael , Rice Jessica L. , McGrath‐Morrow Sharon A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionInfants born prematurely are at high risk for morbidities, including lung disease (bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD]). Little is known regarding environmental factors that can impact outcomes in BPD. We sought to assess the role of traffic‐related air pollution (TRAP) on respiratory outcomes in BPD.MethodsA total of 784 subjects were included from the Johns Hopkins BPD clinic. Caregivers completed questionnaires on environmental exposures and respiratory outcomes (acute care use and chronic symptoms). Distance to the nearest major roadway was derived from subjects’ geocoded residential addresses.ResultsApproximately half of the subjects (53.8%) lived within 500 m of a major roadway. Subjects who lived within 500 m of a major roadway were more likely to be non‐white (P = .006), have a lower estimated household income (P < .001) and live in more densely populated zip codes (P < .001) than those who lived further than 500 m away. For every 1 km increase in distance between residence and roadway, the likelihood of activity limitations decreased by 35% (P = .005). No differences in acute care use were seen with proximity to major roadways.ConclusionsProximity to a major roadway was associated with chronic respiratory symptoms, such as activity limitations (eg, dyspnea), and tended to be associated with nighttime symptoms as well. Self‐reported minorities and families with lower estimated household incomes may be more likely to be exposed to TRAP. Further research is necessary to define the effects of TRAP versus other sources of indoor and outdoor air pollution as well as to determine the best ways of combatting pollution‐related respiratory morbidities.
Reunifying and separating: An analysis of residential arrangements of migrant couples in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Flahaux Marie‐Laurence , Wayack‐Pambè Madeleine , Soura Abdramane Bassiahi , Compaoré Yacouba , Sanogo Souleymane 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper offers new evidence on the residential arrangements of couples in the context of migration and urbanisation in Africa, focusing on the case of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso's capital city. We use a mixed‐methods approach, combining data from a survey on the family histories of migrants merged with data from the Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance System and qualitative interviews. The objective is to analyse how the migrants themselves perceive “living apart together”, the extent of this phenomenon, its timing, and the factors influencing it. The longitudinal nature of our data specifically allows for the study of the drivers of couple reunification in Ouagadougou and of the physical separation of partners, whereby one goes to live away from Ouagadougou. Our results reveal that 25% of migrants in a union had a partner living outside Ouagadougou in 2015, and that the residential arrangements of such couples were associated with gender relations, family cycle, and integration into the city.
Toward a standardised protocol for the stable isotope analysis of scleractinian corals
Authors: Sturaro Nicolas , Hsieh Yunli Eric , Chen Qi , Wang Pei‐Ling , Denis Vianney 
Published: December 2019

RationaleThe stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen is a powerful tool in many ecological studies, but different sample treatments may affect stable isotope ratios and hamper comparisons among studies. The goal of this study was to determine whether treatments that are commonly used to prepare scleractinian coral samples for stable isotope analysis yield different δ15N and δ13C values, and to provide guidelines toward a standardised protocol.MethodsThe animal tissues and Symbiodiniaceae of two symbiotic scleractinian coral species (Stylophora pistillata and Porites lutea) were divided into subsamples to test the effects of the drying method, lipid extraction, acidification treatment and water washing. All the subsamples were analysed for their δ15N and δ13C values, using continuous flow elemental analyser/isotope ratio mass spectrometry.ResultsThe drying method and lipid extraction treatment had no substantial effects on the δ15N and δ13C values of Symbiodiniaceae and animal tissues. Acid treatment did cause significant differences in δ13C values (mean differences ≤0.5‰, with individual samples becoming up to 2.0‰ more negative), whereas no ecologically significant differences were observed in δ15N values. Animal tissue δ13C values may vary depending on whether samples are washed or not.ConclusionsTo move towards a standardised protocol in coral research, we recommend using an available drying method (as they are equally acceptable) for the stable isotope analysis of scleractinian corals, examining the need for lipid extraction on a case‐by‐case basis, performing a direct acidification of Symbiodiniaceae and animal tissues, and avoiding washing animal tissue with distilled water.