bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithogenic hydrogen supports microbial primary production in subglacial and proglacial environments
Authors: Dunham Eric C. , Dore John E. , Skidmore Mark L. , Roden Eric E. , Boyd Eric S. 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceIn the absence of light, biomass production is driven by chemical energy through microbial chemosynthesis. H2, a potent reductant capable of supporting chemosynthesis, is readily generated by reactions between iron and silicate minerals and water. Here, we show that lithogenic H2produced by glacial comminution of iron- and silica-rich basaltic bedrock supports microbial chemosynthesis. Lithogenic production of H2in cold, dark subglacial environments and its use to generate chemosynthetic biomass suggest the potential for subglacial habitats to serve as refugia for microbial communities in the absence of sunlight, such as during Snowball Earth episodes or on icy planets where photosynthesis may not yet have evolved or where light is restricted.
Mfd regulates RNA polymerase association with hard-to-transcribe regions in vivo, especially those with structured RNAs
Authors: Ragheb Mark N. , Merrikh Christopher , Browning Kaitlyn , Merrikh Houra 
Published: December 2020

Significance
The bacterial DNA translocase Mfd binds to stalled RNA polymerases (RNAPs) and is generally thought to facilitate transcription-coupled DNA repair. Most of our knowledge about Mfd is based on data from biochemical studies. However, little is known about Mfd’s function in living cells, especially in the absence of exogenous DNA damage. Here, we show that Mfd modulates RNAP association and alters transcription at a variety of chromosomal loci, especially those containing highly structured, regulatory RNAs. As such, this work improves our understanding of Mfd’s function in living cells and assigns it a function as a transcription regulator.
Sarcomeres regulate murine cardiomyocyte maturation through MRTF-SRF signaling
Authors: Guo Yuxuan , Cao Yangpo , Jardin Blake D. , Sethi Isha , Ma Qing , Moghadaszadeh Behzad , Troiano Emily C. , Mazumdar Neil , Trembley Michael A. , Small Eric M. , Yuan Guo-Cheng , Beggs Alan H. , Pu William T. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Mature cardiomyocytes are highly adapted to pump efficiently over billions of cycles. The mechanisms that regulate and coordinate the acquisition of the specialized features of mature cardiomyocytes in the postnatal period are not well understood. This knowledge gap hinders studies of disease pathogenesis and the maturation of stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes for cardiac regenerative medicine. Here, we studied the roles of sarcomeres, the contractile machinery of cardiomyocytes, in regulating cardiomyocyte maturation. Using an in vivo genetic mosaic approach to circumvent animal lethality and secondary consequences of cardiac dysfunction, we analyzed the contribution of sarcomeres to cardiomyocyte maturation in a physiological context. We identified an important role of sarcomeres in the regulation of signal transduction and gene transcription.
Real-time observation of Cas9 postcatalytic domain motions
Authors: Wang Yanbo , Mallon John , Wang Haobo , Singh Digvijay , Hyun Jo Myung , Hua Boyang , Bailey Scott , Ha Taekjip 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Cas9 complexed with a programmable guide RNA has been repurposed for genome-engineering applications. Mechanistic understanding of Cas9-mediated DNA cleavage provides opportunities for rational engineering of Cas9 to improve its efficiency and specificity. Domain movements of Cas9 have been well studied before DNA cleavage but not after. In this study, we observed the HNH nuclease domain motions from DNA binding to post-DNA cleavage in real time using single-molecule fluorescence techniques. The coupling between DNA cleavage activity and Cas9 conformation demonstrated in our study provides insights and motivation for future applications.
Operando measurement of lattice strain in internal combustion engine components by neutron diffraction
Authors: Wissink Martin L. , Chen Yan , Frost Matthew J. , Curran Scott J. , Rios Orlando , Sims Zachary C. , Weiss David , Stromme Eric T. , An Ke 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Internal combustion engine components experience extreme thermomechanical cycling during operation, and the continuing need to improve engine efficiency while maintaining or improving reliability drives the development of lightweight materials with improved thermal and mechanical integrity. Understanding the behavior of new materials in dynamic operation requires operando characterization tools, but conventional in situ measurements of material behavior during real engine operation are very limited, and no practical means exist to replicate such extreme dynamics for ex situ study. In this work, we demonstrate that the penetrating power of neutrons can provide noninvasive measurement of lattice strains inside components of a firing engine, enabling the operando study of complex load states and thermal gradients throughout the solid materials.
Association of aerobic glycolysis with the structural connectome reveals a benefit–risk balancing mechanism in the human brain
Authors: Chen Yuhan , Lin Qixiang , Liao Xuhong , Zhou Changsong , He Yong 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Aerobic glycolysis (AG) is the nonoxidative metabolism of glucose despite abundant oxygen. High AG is critical for various biological processes in the brain, such as biosynthesis and rapid ATP production, but also identifies regions most vulnerable to amyloid-β deposition. Currently, the wiring mechanisms underlying the metabolic benefits and risks of AG are largely unknown. Using advanced neuroimaging techniques and computational modelling, we systematically examined the relationship between AG and the connectome. Our results delineate large yet optimized wiring costs in high-AG regions (e.g., default-mode and prefrontal cortices), revealing a balancing mechanism that satisfies metabolic demand while reducing vulnerability risk. This research highlights wiring rules in high-AG regions and deepens our understanding of the relationship between brain metabolism and the connectome.
Probabilistic structure of events controlling the after-storm recovery of coastal dunes
Authors: Rinaldo Tobia , Ramakrishnan Kiran Adhithya , Rodriguez-Iturbe Ignacio , Durán Vinent Orencio 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceCoastal dunes help stabilize barrier islands by reducing the frequency of overwashes and promoting vertical accretion. In doing so, they build unique habitats and protect coastal infrastructure. The after-storm recovery of coastal dunes thus underpins the short-term resiliency of sandy coasts to storm impacts and sea-level rise. Here, we show that this recovery is controlled by the size and frequency of random high-water events too small to overtop a mature dune, but large enough to prevent the development of small embryo dunes. Using data from several locations around the world, we find that the statistical properties of high-water events change surprisingly little and do not depend on tidal range and wave regime.
Stochastic dynamics of barrier island elevation
Authors: Vinent Orencio Durán , Schaffer Benjamin E. , Rodriguez-Iturbe Ignacio 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Barrier islands sustain important coastal ecosystems and are our first line of defense from storm impacts. However, they are threatened by sea level rise and lack of sand supply and could undergo rapid deterioration. The uncertainty in barrier response is amplified by the complexity of the processes involved and their stochastic nature. Here we find that barrier stochastic behavior can be described by a stochastic equation that suggests the presence of a tipping point in barrier response to external drivers. The solution of this equation allows the quantitative estimation of after-storm recovery, the rate of barrier landward migration, the effectiveness of dune protection in reducing back-barrier flooding, and the effects of potential interventions to accelerate after-storm recovery.
Transfer of information across repeated decisions in general and in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Solway Alec , Lin Zhen , Vinaik Ekansh 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceReal-life decisions are often repeated. Whether considering taking a new job, or doing something mundane like checking if the stove is off, people frequently revisit decisions. This mode of behavior takes a particularly pathological form in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Surprisingly, little is known about how information is transferred across decisions, and whether and how such transfer is disrupted in OCD. Data from a repeated decision-making task and computational modeling revealed that different memory systems separately biased repeated decisions toward previous choices by changing how people weigh evidence. Transfer specifically driven by implicit memory was reduced in individuals with higher levels of OCD symptoms on top of other baseline decision-making deficits, offering computational insight into checking behavior.
Cerebellar Purkinje cells can differentially modulate coherence between sensory and motor cortex depending on region and behavior
Authors: Lindeman Sander , Hong Sungho , Kros Lieke , Mejias Jorge F. , Romano Vincenzo , Oostenveld Robert , Negrello Mario , Bosman Laurens W. J. , De Zeeuw Chris I. 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceCoordinated activity of sensory and motor cortices is essential for adjusting movements based on sensory feedback. Sensory and motor cortices communicate directly as well as via the thalamus and also receive indirect input from the cerebellum. We show here that cerebellar activity can affect the amplitude and coherence of fast sensorimotor responses in the primary somatosensory and motor cortices upon whisker stimulation. The cerebellum can differentially alter sensory-induced theta- and gamma-band cortical coherences via a fast ascending pathway. In line with the functional heterogeneity of its modular organization, cerebellar impact is region-specific and tuned to ongoing motor responses. Our data highlight site-specific and context-dependent cerebello-cerebral interactions that can come into play during a plethora of sensorimotor functions.
College roommates have a modest but significant influence on each other’s political ideology
Authors: Strother Logan , Piston Spencer , Golberstein Ezra , Gollust Sarah E. , Eisenberg Daniel 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceUnderstanding the relationship between college and political ideology is of increasing importance in the United States in the context of intense partisan polarization. Leveraging a quasi-experiment and a panel survey, we find no evidence that a sample of students moves leftward along the political spectrum during the first year of college. However, we find strong evidence of a causal effect of roommates: Students move toward their randomly assigned roommates’ political ideology over the course of their first year of college. Our study identifies causal evidence of social network effects for political views and identifies these causal effects for college students specifically. Our findings are inconsistent with claims that college makes students more liberal.
E3 ubiquitin ligase Mindbomb 1 facilitates nuclear delivery of adenovirus genomes
Authors: Sarbanes Stephanie L. , Blomen Vincent A. , Lam Eric , Heissel Søren , Luna Joseph M. , Brummelkamp Thijn R. , Falck-Pedersen Erik , Hoffmann H.-Heinrich , Rice Charles M. 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceAdenoviruses (AdVs) are DNA viruses that can cause severe respiratory illness in humans. A better understanding of the complex ways AdVs utilize cellular processes in service of their replication is critical to the development of new therapies to counter viral infection and disease. Using a genome-wide screen, we identified a cellular protein Mindbomb 1 (MIB1) required for AdV infection and show that it functions in the AdV entry process to mediate release of the viral genome into the nucleus. We further show that MIB1, as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, mediates AdV capsid disassembly and genome release through ubiquitination of a target protein(s), demonstrating the importance of this rapid posttranslational modification to virus infection.
The Ligand of Ate1 is intrinsically disordered and participates in nucleolar phase separation regulated by Jumonji Domain Containing 6
Authors: Arva Akshaya , Kasu Yasar Arfat T. , Duncan Jennifer , Alkhatatbeh Mosleh A. , Brower Christopher S. 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceDue to the difficulty in their biochemical characterization, until recently intrinsically disordered proteins have gone largely unannotated. However, an appreciation for their biological significance is emerging, as they are now known to facilitate liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), which can produce membrane-lacking organelles that enable the spatial regulation of important cellular processes. This report characterizes the Ligand of Ate1 (Liat1) as an intrinsically disordered protein that participates in LLPS in the nucleolus, a prominent membrane-lacking organelle specialized in ribosome biogenesis. Furthermore, it shows that the lysyl-hydroxylase activity of Jumonji Domain Containing 6 modifies Liat1 and inhibits its nucleolar targeting and potential functions.
Global silicate weathering flux overestimated because of sediment–water cation exchange
Authors: Tipper Edward T. , Stevenson Emily I. , Alcock Victoria , Knight Alasdair C. G. , Baronas J. Jotautas , Hilton Robert G. , Bickle Mike J. , Larkin Christina S. , Feng Linshu , Relph Katy E. , Hughes Genevieve 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Large rivers transport water and sediment to floodplains and oceans, supplying the nutrients that sustain life. They also transport carbon, removed from the atmosphere during mineral dissolution reactions, which is thought to provide a key negative climate feedback on long timescales. We demonstrate that the (million-year) carbon flux associated with mineral dissolution has been overestimated by up to 28% because of a reactive pool of elements transported with river-borne suspended sediment. This is most acute in regions of high erosion, where silicate weathering is thought to be most intense.
DeepTracer for fast de novo cryo-EM protein structure modeling and special studies on CoV-related complexes
Authors: Pfab Jonas , Phan Nhut Minh , Si Dong 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM), a 2017 Nobel prize-awarded technology, provides direct 3D maps of macromolecules and explains the shape and interactions of protein complexes such as SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and human cell receptors. This understanding can be combined with detailed structural information gathered using other technologies to form the basis for modeling course of diseases and for designing therapeutic drugs. However, ab initio modeling of protein complex structure remains a challenging problem. Here, we present DeepTracer, a fully automated and robust tool that determines the all-atom structure of a protein complex based solely on its cryo-EM map and amino acid sequence, with improved accuracy and efficiency compared to previous methods. We also provide a web service for global access.
Drosophila melanogaster
sex peptide regulates mated female midgut morphology and physiology
Authors: White Melissa A. , Bonfini Alessandro , Wolfner Mariana F. , Buchon Nicolas 
Published: December 2020

Significance
We describe a role for the seminal fluid protein Sex Peptide (SP) in regulating the post-mating morphology and physiology of the female digestive tract. We show that females must receive SP to increase their midgut size following mating, a response that is important for female fecundity. Receiving SP is also important for post-mating changes in the expression of digestive enzyme and metabolic genes in the midgut. This is a significant step in our understanding of how female physiology shifts to cope with the metabolic demands of reproduction. Our study reveals another mechanism through which the male can alter female post-mating physiology to enhance reproductive output.
IBEX: A versatile multiplex optical imaging approach for deep phenotyping and spatial analysis of cells in complex tissues
Authors: Radtke Andrea J. , Kandov Evelyn , Lowekamp Bradley , Speranza Emily , Chu Colin J. , Gola Anita , Thakur Nishant , Shih Rochelle , Yao Li , Yaniv Ziv Rafael , Beuschel Rebecca T. , Kabat Juraj , Croteau Joshua , Davis Jeremy , Hernandez Jonathan M. , Germain Ronald N. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Single-cell flow cytometry and genomic methods are rapidly increasing our knowledge of the diversity of cell types in metazoan tissues. However, suitably robust methods for placing these cells in a spatial context that reveals how their localization and putative interactions contribute to tissue physiology and pathology are still lacking. Here we provide a readily accessible pipeline (IBEX) for highly multiplex immunofluorescent imaging that enables a fine-grained analysis of cells in their tissue context. Additionally, we describe extensions of the IBEX workflow to handle hard-to-image tissue preparations and a method to facilitate direct integration of the imaging data with flow cytometry and sequencing technologies.
Oral administration of PEGylated TLR7 ligand ameliorates alcohol-associated liver disease via the induction of IL-22
Authors: Wang Qinglan , Kim So Yeon , Matsushita Hiroshi , Wang Zhijun , Pandyarajan Vijay , Matsuda Michitaka , Ohashi Koichiro , Tsuchiya Takashi , Roh Yoon Seok , Kiani Calvin , Zhao Yutong , Chan Michael , Devkota Suzanne , Lu Shelly C. , Hayashi Tomoko , Carson Dennis A. , Seki Ekihiro 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a severe form of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) that is characterized by chronic liver injury and inflammation. The current treatment strategy for AH involves the use of corticosteroids, despite a lack of evidence supporting their efficacy, because other effective therapeutic agents are not available. Here, we demonstrate that activation of TLR7 signaling via the oral administration of 1Z1, which is a synthetic TLR7 ligand that does not elicit systemic side effects, protects against liver injury in an AH mouse model. The therapeutic effect of 1Z1 requires TLR7 expression and is mediated by intestinal IL-22 upregulation. Our study suggests that 1Z1-induced TLR7 activation and IL-22 induction may be a therapeutic approach for the treatment of AH.
Political orientation and system justification: the moderating role of national identity in a Spanish sample (Orientación política y justificación del sistema: el rol moderador de la identidad nacional en una muestra española)
Authors: Moscato Gianluigi , Caricati Luca , Bonetti Chiara 
Published: December 2020

Right-wing people usually justify the system more than left-wing people. The social identity approach suggests that system justification may be an ingroup bias at overarching national levels and that differences between leftists and rightists could be linked to differences in party norms in promoting national identification. A cross-sectional design was used in which 192 adults (64.6% men, mean age of 35.61 years) were enrolled. Political orientation, national identification and general and economic system justification were collected. Results from structural equation modelling indicated that rightists, as compared with leftists, were higher in national identification and both general and economic system justification. National identification mostly mediated the relationship between political orientation and general system justification, while mediation on the relationship between political orientation and economic system justification was less marked. The social identity approach expectation that differences in system justification could be linked to the extent to which people identify with their overarching social category appears to be supported.
Dedicated setup to isolate plasma catalysis mechanisms
Authors: Stewig C , Urbanietz T , Chauvet L , Böke M , Keudell A von 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Plasma catalysis, the combination of plasma and catalysis, is used to achieve efficient molecule conversion, supporting the flexibility of operating parameters and feed gases. By combining plasmas with conventional thermal catalysis, the temperature windows may be changed and the process may be made insensitive to catalyst poisoning. However, understanding plasma catalysis mechanisms is extremely difficult, due to the strong coupling between plasma, gas-phase chemistry and surface. A multitude of reaction pathways may be enhanced or reduced by the presence of a plasma that provides excited species as reaction partners. We developed a robust setup to analyse those processes, based on a parallel-plate atmospheric-pressure plasma jet that allows a plug flow design. The plasma chemistry is analysed by Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The electrodes in contact with the plasma are temperature controlled and can easily be replaced to apply a catalyst on top of them. The basic characteristics of the setup are discussed and three examples for its application are given: (a) the analysis of methane oxidation using the plug flow scheme; (b) the plasma catalytic conversion of CO2, and (c) the plasma catalytic conversion of methane in methane–oxygen mixtures.
Improved quality of InSb-on-insulator microstructures by flash annealing into melt
Authors: Menon Heera , Södergren Lasse , Athle Robin , Johansson Jonas , Steer Matthew , Thayne Iain , Borg Mattias 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Monolithic integration of III–V semiconductors with Silicon technology has instigated a wide range of new possibilities in the semiconductor industry, such as combination of digital circuits with optical sensing and high-frequency communication. A promising CMOS compatible integration process is rapid melt growth (RMG) that can yield high quality single crystalline material at low cost. This paper represents the study on ultra-thin InSb-on-insulator microstructures integrated on a Si platform by a RMG-like process. We utilize flash lamp annealing (FLA) to melt and recrystallize the InSb material for an ultra-short duration (milliseconds), to reduce the thermal budget necessary for integration with Si technology. We compare the result from FLA to regular rapid thermal annealing (seconds). Recrystallized InSb was characterized using electron back scatter diffraction which indicate a transition from nanocrystalline structure to a crystal structure with grain sizes exceeding 1 μm after the process. We further see a 100× improvement in electrical resistivity by FLA annealed sample when compared to the as-deposited InSb with an average Hall mobility of 3100 cm2 V−1 s−1 making this a promising step towards realizing monolithic mid-infrared detectors and quantum devices based on InSb.