bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary high‐grade fetal adenocarcinoma associated with cystic airspace: A case report
Authors: Ishida Hironori , Yasuda Masanori , Nitanda Hiroyuki , Yanagihara Akitoshi , Taguchi Ryo , Yoshimura Ryuichi , Umesaki Tetsuya , Sakaguchi Hirozo , Shimizu Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLung cancers associated with cystic airspaces have a life‐threatening risk of a missed or delayed diagnosis. Here, we report a case of pulmonary high‐grade fetal adenocarcinoma, a rare lung carcinoma associated with cystic airspaces, as confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scan. A 73‐year‐old asymptomatic male with a 52‐pack a year smoking habit was referred to our hospital. Lung CT showed a thin‐walled cystic space with exophytic and endophytic solid nodules along the cyst wall. After surgery, histological analysis of a resected lung specimen revealed a pure high‐grade fetal adenocarcinoma probably associated with emphysematous bullae in pulmonary emphysema, suggesting smoking contributed to this pure form, as well as the emphysema. In conclusion, when treating elderly men with a smoking history, physicians need to carefully examine the walls of cystic airspaces on CT for fetal adenocarcinoma.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study

Pulmonary high‐grade fetal adenocarcinoma may be associated with emphysematous bullae manifesting as cystic air spaces as shown by computed tomography.
What this study adds

When scanning by computed tomography, physicians should carefully examine the pulmonary cystic airspace walls in elderly men with a smoking history.
Auditors' Fee Premiums and Low‐Quality Internal Controls*
Authors: Bae Gil S. , Choi Seung UK , Lamoreaux Phillip T. , Lee Jae Eun 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTWe examine the relation between low‐quality internal controls and audit fee premiums. Using a novel data set of audit hours and audit fees we find, consistent with the audit risk model, that auditors increase their effort (hours) owing to low internal control quality. We find that auditors also charge a significant fee premium to clients with internal control weaknesses. This premium is observed for severe internal control weaknesses and companies with low‐quality alternative governance mechanisms. The results are robust to multiple methods to address endogeneity, including company fixed effects, difference‐in‐differences design, and a propensity score‐matched sample. Taken as a whole, low internal control quality leads to fee premiums, which are a deadweight loss to client companies.
Testing the environmental warming responses of Brachyscome daisy species using a common garden approach
Authors: Hirst Megan J. , Griffin Philippa C. , Wu Li‐Hsin , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs temperatures increase in a warming world, there will be different responses among related plant species, with some species able to increase growth rate under warmer conditions and others less likely. Here, we identify survival and growth parameters in a group of 19 related Australian daisies from the genera Brachyscome and Pembertonia when exposed to higher soil temperature, focusing particularly on species from the alpine environment. We used a common garden approach to measure growth and survival under warming. We tested for the effects of evolutionary history by investigating phylogeny and testing for a phylogenetic signal, and for the effects of ecological history by considering climatic variables associated with species distributions in their native range. Evolutionary history did not have a detectable effect on warming responses. While there was a moderate signal for plant growth in the absence of warming, there was no signal for growth changes in response to warming, despite variability among species to warming that ranged from positive to negative growth responses. There was no strong effect of climate context, as species that showed a positive response to warming did not necessarily originate from hotter environments. In fact, several species from hot environments grew relatively poorly when exposed to higher soil temperature. However, species endemic to alpine areas were less likely to benefit from warming than widespread species. We found a strong phylogenetic signal for climate history, in that closely related species tend to occur in areas with similar annual variability in precipitation. Species differences in response to soil warming were variable and difficult to link to climate conditions except for the poor response of alpine endemics. There was no significant association between survival and warming responses of species. However, as some species showed weak growth responses, this may reduce their fitness into the future.
The shell gland in laying and natural moulting commercial egg‐type chickens: A histomorphological and ultrastructural study
Authors: Madekurozwa Mary‐Cathrine , Mpango Mike M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to determine the histological and ultrastructural changes in the luminal epithelium of the shell gland associated with natural moulting. Samples of the shell gland from laying (32 weeks old) and moulting (75 weeks old) hens were studied using histological, histochemical and electron microscopic techniques. In addition, TUNEL was used to demonstrate the distribution of apoptotic cells in the luminal epithelium of the shell gland. Autophagy, characterized by the presence of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, was evident in the early stages of degeneration in non‐ciliated, ciliated and mitochondrial cells. The intermediate and advanced stages of regression in non‐ciliated as well as mitochondrial cells occurred via apoptosis, while both apoptotic and necrotic ciliated cells were observed during the later stages of degeneration. The results of the present study suggest that a synergy of autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis is involved in the involution of the shell gland during natural moulting.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of olaparib in patients with advanced solid tumours and mild or moderate hepatic impairment
Authors: Rolfo Christian , Isambert Nicolas , Italiano Antoine , Molife L. Rhoda , Schellens Jan H.M. , Blay Jean‐Yves , Decaens Thomas , Kristeleit Rebecca , Rosmorduc Olivier , Demlova Regina , Lee Myung‐Ah , Ravaud Alain , Kopeckova Katerina , Learoyd Maria , Bannister Wendy , Locker Gershon , de Vos‐Geelen Judith 
Published: March 2020

AimsOlaparib, a potent oral poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor, is partially hepatically cleared. We investigated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of olaparib in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment to provide dosing recommendations.MethodsThis Phase I open‐label study assessed the PK, safety and tolerability of single doses of olaparib 300‐mg tablets in patients with advanced solid tumours. Patients had normal hepatic function (NHF), or mild (MiHI; Child–Pugh class A) or moderate (MoHI; Child–Pugh class B) hepatic impairment. Blood was collected for PK assessments for 96 hours. Patients could continue taking olaparib 300 mg twice daily for long‐term safety assessment.ResultsThirty‐one patients received ≥1 dose of olaparib and 30 were included in the PK assessment. Patients with MiHI had an area under the curve geometric least‐squares mean (GLSmean) ratio of 1.15 (90% confidence interval 0.72, 1.83) and a GLSmean maximum plasma concentration ratio of 1.13 (0.82, 1.56) vs those with NHF. In patients with MoHI, GLSmean ratio for area under the curve was 1.08 (0.66, 1.74) and for maximum plasma concentration was 0.87 (0.63, 1.22) vs those with NHF. For patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment, no new safety signals were detected.ConclusionPatients with MiHI or MoHI had no clinically significant changes in exposure to olaparib compared with patients with NHF. The safety profile of olaparib did not differ from a clinically relevant extent between cohorts. No olaparib tablet or capsule dose reductions are required for patients with MiHI or MoHI.
Tropical terrestrial invertebrates—Where to from here?
Authors: Dahlsjö Cecilia A.L. , Eggleton Paul , Kitching Roger 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere are over one million described invertebrate species on Earth, the majority of which are likely to inhabit the highly biodiverse rain forests around the equator. These are some of the most vulnerable ecosystems on Earth due to the pressures of deforestation and climate change with many of their inhabitants at risk of extinction. Invertebrates play a major role in ecosystem functioning from decomposition and nutrient cycling to herbivory and pollination; however, while our understanding of these roles is improving, we are far from being able to predict the consequences of further deforestation, climate change, and biodiversity loss due to the lack of comparative data and the high proportion of species which remain to be discovered. As we move into an era of increased pressure on old‐growth habitats and biodiversity, it is imperative that we understand how changes to invertebrate communities, and the extinction of species, affect ecosystems. Innovative and comprehensive methods that approach these issues are needed. Here, we highlight priorities for future tropical terrestrial invertebrate research such as the efficiency of sustainable land management, exploration of innovative methods for better understanding of invertebrate ecology and behavior, and quantifying the role of invertebrates in ecosystem functioning.
Role of increased vascular permeability in chemotherapy‐induced alopecia: In vivo imaging of the hair follicular microenvironment in mice
Authors: Sagawa Noriko , Oshima Yusuke , Hiratsuka Takahiro , Kono Yohei , Etoh Tsuyoshi , Inomata Masafumi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChemotherapy‐induced alopecia is one of the most difficult adverse events of cancer treatment for patients. However, it is still unknown why anticancer drugs cause hair loss. We aimed to clarify the mechanism of chemotherapy‐induced alopecia in mice using an in vivo imaging technique with a two‐photon microscope, which enables observation of the deep reaction in the living body in real time. In this study, ICR mice were injected intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide (120 µg/g). Changes in the hair bulb morphology, subcutaneous vessel permeability, and vessel density were evaluated by two‐photon microscopy and conventional methods. In order to determine whether there is a causal relationship between vascular permeability and hair loss, we combined cyclophosphamide (50 µg/g) with subcutaneous histamine. We found that the hair bulbs became smaller, blood vessels around the hair follicle decreased in diameter, and vascular permeability was confirmed by two‐photon microscopy and conventional examination at 24 h after cyclophosphamide injection. Apoptosis occurred in vascular endothelial cells around the hair follicle. Additionally, hair loss was exacerbated by temporarily enhancing vascular permeability with histamine. In conclusion, cyclophosphamide caused a decrease in vascular density and an increase in vascular permeability, therefore increased vascular permeability might be one of the causes of chemotherapy‐induced alopecia.
In vitro and in vivo synergistic efficacy of ceritinib combined with programmed cell death ligand‐1 inhibitor in anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐rearranged non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Du Ping , Hu Ting , An Zhuoling , Li Pengfei , Liu Lihong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBoth ceritinib (CER) and programmed cell death (PD)‐1/PD ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) have brought significant breakthroughs for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the overall clinical efficacy of either CER or PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor monotherapy has been limited to a large extent. In addition, the antitumor effect of combined CER and PD‐L1 inhibitor in ALK‐rearranged NSCLC is not fully understood. In H2228 cells, we examined the tumor killing effect of CER plus PD‐L1 inhibitor in vitro by quantitative RT‐PCR, flow cytometry, ELISA, western blot analysis, PBMC coculture system, and plasmid and transfection experiments. A Ba/F3 (EML4‐ALK‐WT) xenograft mouse model was also utilized to further evaluate the synergistic anticancer effects of CER and PD‐L1 inhibitor in vivo. The coculture system of PBMCs with H2228 cells promotes the expression of PD‐L1 and phospho‐ERK, and combined treatments facilitate lymphocyte proliferation and activation, inhibit PD‐L1 expression, and enhance lymphocyte cytotoxicity and cell death. In the in vivo NSCLC xenograft model, the volumes of tumors treated with CER and PD‐L1 inhibitor in combination were significantly smaller than those treated with CER or PD‐L1 alone. The relative tumor growth inhibitions were 84.9%, 20.0%, and 91.9% for CER, PD‐L1 inhibitor, and CER plus PD‐L1 groups, respectively. Ceritinib could synergize with PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade to yield enhanced antitumor responses along with favorable tolerability of adverse effects. Ceritinib and PD‐L1 inhibitor combined produced a synergistic antineoplastic efficacy in vitro and in vivo, which provides a key insight and proof of principle for evaluating CER plus PD‐L1 blockade as combination therapy in clinical therapeutic practice.
Cretaceous and Eocene fossils of the rare extant genusSynneuronLundstrom (Diptera: Canthyloscledidae): evidence of a true Pangean clade
Authors: Amorim Dalton de Souza , Greenwalt Dale E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe first two fossil species of the canthyloscelid genusSynneuronare described based on compression wings.Synneuron eomontanasp. nov. is described from the Middle Eocene Coal Creek Member of the Kishenehn Formation, in the USA, andSynneuron jellisp. nov. is described from the Lower Cretaceous Koonwarra Fossil Bed of the Korumburra Group, in Australia. The wings are illustrated and compared to the extant species of the genus, to species of the three other recent genera of Canthyloscelidae and to an anisopodid. A phylogenetic analysis of the relationships between the species ofSynneuronwas performed. The Eocene fossilS. eomontanaappears as sister of the pair of recent Holarctic species of the genus, while the Australian Cretaceous speciesS. jelliis sister of the clade with the species ofSynneuronof the northern hemisphere. The sister group ofSynneuronis the canthyloscelid clade (Hyperoscelis + Canthyloscelis), for which a middle Jurassic fossil is known. At the early Cretaceous, Gondwana was already separated from Laurasia and the disjunction between the species ofSynneuronin Australia and the northern hemisphere clade of the genus suggest a true pangeic origin for the genus. The biology of the canthyloscelid larvae is shaped by its trophic specialization—xylosaprophagous. This suggests that the transition from the Pangean Jurassic gymnosperm‐dominated forests to the late Cretaceous angiosperm‐dominated forests may be related to the low recent diversity ofSynneuronor of the canthyloscelids in the world—and maybe to the extinction of the genus in the southern hemisphere. This major turnover of the vegetation type along the Cretaceous may be also somehow related to the complete extinction of other groups of flies strictly associated with gymnosperms, as may be the case of the lower brachyceran family Zhangsolvidae. This speculation needs additional corroboration from other groups, that will become available with the combination of systematics, paleontology and biogeographical information of different early Cretaceous clades.
Endothelial function in response to exercise in the cold in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Valtonen Rasmus I. P. , Ikäheimo Tiina M. , Hintsala Heidi E. , Ryti Niilo R. I. , Hautala Arto , Perkiömäki Juha S. , Crandall C. G. , Mäntysaari Matti , Jaakkola Jouni J. K. , Kiviniemi Antti M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundRegular long‐term physical exercise has favourable effects on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the effects of an acute exercise bout in the cold on endothelial function are not known.MethodsAt first, the effects of moderate‐intensity aerobic lower‐body exercise were assessed in CAD patients (n = 16) in a neutral [+22°C] and cold [−15°C] environment. Secondly, responses to static and dynamic upper‐body exercise in a neutral [+22°C] and cold [−15°C] environment were investigated in CAD patients (n = 15). All experiments were performed in a random order. Endothelial function was measured by flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery in response to reactive hyperaemia, before and after the exposures in a neutral environment.ResultsNo significant temperature*exercise*condition (pre–post) interaction was observed in FMD% when comparing rest versus aerobic exercise or static versus dynamic upper‐body exercise. Relative reactive hyperaemia during FMD protocol, measured by changes in shear rate, was elevated after rest compared to aerobic exercise (p = .001) and after static compared to dynamic upper‐body exercise (p < .001). However, no significant temperature*exercise*condition interaction was observed when FMD% was normalized for shear rate.ConclusionsEndothelial function to an acute bout of exercise among CAD patients was not modified by the environmental temperature where the exercise was performed. The present findings argue against the hypothesis that exercise in cold environmental conditions impairs endothelial function in patients with CAD.
Are Chinese Acquirers Discriminated against in Cross‐border Mergers and Acquisitions? An Analysis Based on Covered Transactions Filed with CFIUS
Authors: Chen Sichong , Li Wenxue , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study employs a sample of covered transactions filed with the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) of cross‐border mergers and acquisitions targeting American companies based on publicly available news reports and announcements to examine the heterogeneity hypothesis in the CFIUS review process. A comparative analysis of case studies and an empirical analysis of logit regressions are performed. We also explore how CFIUS reviews may have an impact on corporations' future mergers and acquisitions decisions in a panel data model setting. The results show that both unfair treatment in CFIUS review and the deterrent effect of CFIUS interventions have contributed to the recent sharp decline in China's direct investment in the US.
Chinese Investment in the US and the EU is Declining –for Similar Reasons
Authors: Kirkegaard Jacob Funk 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince peaking in 2016, Chinese outward investment, primarily to the US but also to the European Union (EU), has declined dramatically, especially in response to changes in China's domestic rules for capital outflow. Concern over growing Chinese influence in other economies, the ascendant role of a Communist Party‐led government in Beijing and the possible security implications of Chinese dominance in the high‐tech sector have put Chinese outward investment under international scrutiny. This paper analyzes the recent trends in Chinese investment in the US and the EU and reviews recent political and regulatory changes both have adopted toward Chinese inward investment. It also explores the emerging transatlantic difference in the regulatory response to the Chinese information technology firm, Huawei. Concerned about national security and as part of the ongoing broader trade friction with China, the US has cracked down far harder on the company than the EU.
How Will the Implementation of Zero Tariffs Affect Employment in China?
Authors: Su Qingyi , Zang Chengwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the employment effect of China's possible implementation of zero tariffs by comparing China's most‐favored‐nation tariffs and the tariff schedules of China's signed free trade agreements (FTAs) with the tariff concessions in a typical high‐standard FTA. It finds that there is a large gap between China's current tariff status and a high‐standard FTA, and the implementation of zero tariffs in China would have a significant negative impact on employment in some industries. However, the employment effect of implementing zero tariffs is heterogeneous. Analysis at the industrial level shows that, although employment would drop in a few industries as a result of the implementation of zero tariffs, more jobs would be created in most industries. The overall employment effect of a zero tariff policy would be positive, creating an estimated 8.05 million jobs in China. Therefore, China should consider the adjustment costs brought by the labor movement in different industries and introduce relevant policies to deal with the employment shocks caused by zero tariffs.
Differential diagnosis of fetal large ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot based on big data analysis
Authors: Lv Jing , Yang Tingyang , Gu Xiaoyan , Zhang Ye , Sun Lin , Zhao Ying , Liu Xiaowei , Han Jiancheng , Ran Suzhen , Zhang Zhikun , Zhu Haogang , He Yihua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo analyze echocardiographic parameters of fetal large ventricular septal defect (VSD) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) in the context of multicenter data and big data analysis because these two diseases are often misdiagnosed in fetuses, and to find the key parameters for the differential diagnosis of these two diseases.MethodsA total of 305 cases of large VSD and 192 cases of TOF diagnosed by fetal echocardiography from August 2010 to July 2016 from the database of Beijing Key Laboratory of Fetal Heart Defects were analyzed. Quantile regression of the 48 echocardiographic parameters of the 6272 normal fetuses from seven Chinese medical institutions was performed to determine the Q‐score. The forward selection method and the naive Bayesian classification method were used to analyze the core differential diagnostic variables of fetal TOF and VSD.ResultsThe Q‐score of the internal diameter of the aorta (AO Q‐score), the ratio of the diameter of the pulmonary artery to the internal diameter of the aorta (PA/AO), and the Q‐score of the ratio of the diameter of the pulmonary artery to the internal diameter of the aorta (PA/AO Q‐score) were key parameters for the differential diagnosis of fetal large VSD and TOF. PA/AO was the primary parameter, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.951.ConclusionsThese findings provide a new method for the prenatal diagnosis of large VSD and TOF and a theoretical basis for the intelligent diagnosis of large VSD and TOF.