bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symmetrical In‐Band Full‐Duplex Antenna With Broad Bandwidth Using Stacked Patch Array
Authors: Prasad D. Venkata Siva , Tripathi Shrivishal , Paltani Punya P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a novel symmetrical design for a Broadband Bidirectional In‐band Full‐duplex (IBFD) co‐radiator antenna with high isolation. The distinctive double differential feed network, constructed using orthogonally arranged meander slot baluns, is connected to a pair of co‐radiating patches with the metallic visa, resulting in structural symmetry and offering bidirectional radiation patterns. The null‐coupling features of the balun, that is, the differential potentials and differential filtering, generate good isolation in the antenna with a narrow bandwidth. The limitation of narrow bandwidth has been overcome by employing a stacked patch array above the radiating patch. The installed stacked patch array generates additional resonating modes due to the induced surface waves and enhances the operational bandwidth of the antenna. The multiple techniques of polarization diversity, double differential feed, and stacked patch array in the antenna offer a minimum isolation of 62 dB over a wide operational band of (1.8–2.9) GHz. It offers bidirectional broadside radiation having a lower cross‐polar of dB. Moreover, the structural symmetry of the antenna produces identical S‐parameters, gain, and radiation patterns for both antenna ports. The fabricated prototype of the proposed antenna with overall dimensions of ( is the free space wavelength referring to the lowest operational frequency) shows a good correlation between the simulated and measured results.
Graph theory analysis of a human body metabolic network: A systematic and organ‐specific study
Authors: Ruan Jingxuan , Wu Yaping , Wang Haiyan , Huang Zhenxing , Liu Ziwei , Yang Xinlang , Yang Yongfeng , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong , Wang Meiyun , Hu Zhanli 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposesPositron emission tomography (PET) imaging is widely used to detect focal lesions or diseases and to study metabolic abnormalities between organs. However, analyzing organ correlations alone does not fully capture the characteristics of the metabolic network. Our work proposes a graph‐based analysis method for quantifying the topological properties of the network, both globally and at the nodal level, to detect systemic or single‐organ metabolic abnormalities caused by diseases such as lung cancer.MethodsWe used whole‐body 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) standardized uptake value (SUV) images from 32 lung cancer patients and 20 healthy controls to construct two‐organ glucose metabolism correlation networks at the population level. We calculated five global measures and three nodal centralities for these networks to explore the small‐world, rich‐club and modular organization in the metabolic network. Additionally, we analyzed the preference for connections significantly affected by lung cancer by dividing organs according to system level and spatial location.ResultsIn lung cancer patients, functional segregation in metabolic networks increased (increased , , and , t < 0), whereas functional integration decreased (increased , t < 0, and decreased , t > 0), indicating more localized and dispersed metabolic activities. At the nodal level, certain organs, such as the pancreas, liver, heart, and right kidney, were no longer hubs in lung cancer patients (decreased nodal centralities, t > 0), whereas the left adrenal gland, left kidney, and left lung showed significantly increased centralities (increased nodal centralities, t < 0). This change suggests compensatory effects between organs. Connections between the nervous and urinary systems, as well as between the upper and middle organs, were more strongly affected by lung cancer (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the utility of graph theory in analyzing PET imaging data to uncover metabolic network abnormalities. We identified significant topological changes and shifts in nodal roles in lung cancer patients, indicating a shift toward localized and segregated metabolic activities. These findings emphasize the need to consider systemic interactions and specific organ connections affected by disease. The impact on connections between the nervous and urinary systems and between the upper and middle regions underscores the modular nature of organ interactions, offering insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
Three‐dimensional dosimetry using multiple‐energy delivery and a single‐layer detector for quality assurance in proton pencil beam scanning
Authors: Righetto Roberto , Fogazzi Elena , Tommasino Francesco , Farace Paolo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn Proton Therapy, the presence of implants along the beam path is known to potentially affect the dose distribution. The way such implants are managed in the planning process can vary in the different treatment planning systems (TPSs) and different centers. A specific validation procedure should be accomplished to verify the accuracy of TPS computation in these conditions and accept the applied process before treating patients.PurposeThe aim of this study is to present a quality assurance (QA) tool in pencil beam scanning proton therapy by a method based on multiple‐energy delivery and a single‐layer two‐dimensional detector and to apply it for verifying three‐dimensional dose computation and correcting CT calibration in the presence of implants.MethodsMultiple‐energy delivery with a single‐layer detector (MESL) acquisitions were performed for 80 energy layers (70‐150MeV), composed of equally weighted pencil beam spots. MESL measures were acquired using a two‐dimensional MatriXX‐IBA detector. A transformation of the energy modulation to spatial modulation was obtained by using the power‐law relationship of initial energy and range. The setup design involved a reference configuration, allowing to compensate for potential offsets, and the same configuration with an additional phantom to be measured. Both setups were imaged by a CT scanner, and the dose was computed by the TPS. The comparison of TPS‐computed and MESL‐measured data of the phantom was performed by producing a 2D map of range‐error. For testing the procedure, plastic slabs and rods made of tissue equivalent materials (TEMs), with known water equivalent path length (WEPL), were used. Range error mapping was then applied to verify dose computation with a titanium cylinder and a titanium implant. Numerical procedures were obtained by modifying at the TPS the segmented volume, or the value in the CT calibration curve for the titanium objects. The optimal values were then determined by identifying the one that minimizes residual range error.ResultsThe results of the consistency test on the plastic slabs and the TEM rods showed differences between measured and expected WEPL below 1%, confirming the reliability of the method and the energy‐spatial transformation. In the titanium cylinder, the optimal volume and the point in the calibration curve (relative to the titanium saturated value), to be used for TPS simulation is about the real size of the cylinder and the tabulated stopping power value. However, the optimal value to be assigned to the CT calibration curve might depend on the type and shape of the object, as they were different for the cylinder and the implant with screws.ConclusionsThe availability of a QA tool, like the one presented, paves the way for systematic studies of all the parameters that impact computation accuracy, and the methods to improve the accuracy of TPS computation.
Integration of Design of Experiments, Analysis of Variance and Response Surface Methodology in Assessing Heterogeneous Catalysts Processes: A Minireview
Authors: Aristizábal‐Alzate Carlos Esteban , Castillejos‐López Eva , Dongil Ana Belén , Romero‐Sáez Manuel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis work reviews the application of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Design of Experiments (DOE), and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in heterogeneous catalysis, based on an analysis of recent scientific literature. Heterogeneous catalysis plays a key role in various industries, guiding chemical reactions, optimizing the performance of different processes and/or prioritizing products, and ANOVA, DOE and RSM are valuable tools to understand the intricate relationships between catalyst properties, process variables and reaction responses. This understanding facilitates improvements in catalysts performance and selectivity, thereby optimizing processes. Drawing insights from recent studies, this minireview highlights the different applications of ANOVA‐based experimental designs and RSM optimization techniques in catalytic process evaluation. Therefore, this review provides valuable insights into these current statistical methodologies applied to heterogeneous catalysis research, informing the relevance and future directions of the research in the field.
Additive Manufacturing of Fiber‐Reinforced Composites—A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Rithika K. , Sudha J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAdditive manufacturing (AM) has garnered considerable interest in recent years for fabricating fiber‐reinforced composites due to its versatility, cost‐effectiveness, and ability to produce complex geometries. The review begins by elucidating the diverse types of fibers utilized, including carbon, glass, and aramid, along with various matrix materials such as thermoplastics and thermosets. It then delves into the crucial parameters affecting the mechanical and morphological properties of these composites, including fiber orientation, printing parameters, and so forth. Challenges such as interlayer adhesion, void formation, and anisotropy are identified, alongside strategies proposed in the literature to mitigate these issues, including modification of printing parameters, fiber treatment, and hybridization with other manufacturing techniques. Notable findings in the highlight how optimized fiber alignment enhances mechanical performance, improved layer deposition minimizes voids, and hybrid manufacturing methods strengthen interlayer adhesion. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the current state of the art, challenges, and future directions in the field of fiber‐reinforced composites manufactured via AM, offering a roadmap for researchers and practitioners to advance this promising technology. This article emphasizes the advancements in AM for fiber‐reinforced composites and identified gaps that require further research, particularly in achieving consistent structural integrity and minimizing anisotropy.
Innovative Nanofibrous Dini's Surface as a Three‐Dimensional Highly Porous Scaffold Providing Enhanced Cellular Infiltration
Authors: Hejazi Fatemeh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIncreasing demand for the tissue engineering‐based treatments, emerge the necessity of introducing feasible and facile techniques for providing efficient three‐dimensional scaffolds from the potent natural and synthetic polymers, especially for the regeneration of thick tissues as bone, cartilage, and so forth. In the present study, an innovative method for the fabrication of nanofibrous structure in 3D shape and highly porous state is introduced. This method, which is on the basis of electrospinning technique provides highly porous nanofibrous structure with inspiration from geometric model named Dini's surface. For this aim, instead of applying conventional collector, a novel technique was considered for collecting the PCL/Gelatin nanofibers and consequent forming the 3D structure. Morphological and mechanical properties, porosity, degradation, and water uptake capacity together with cell behavior on the fabricated scaffolds were evaluated. In vitro evaluation revealed the progressive cell proliferation and three dimensional cell growth in the fabricated scaffold. Furthermore, despite the limited cell infiltration into the conventional electrospun nanofibrous mats, in vivo experiment demonstrated that the introduced method resulted in the scaffold, which provides facilitated cell infiltration, early tissue invasion, neo‐tissue formation, and new blood vessels generation within the first few days of subcutaneous implantation. Results indicate that the introduced method is a promising technique for the development of nanofibrous‐based three‐dimensional scaffold which provides enhanced cellular infiltration and neo‐tissue formation, and early blood vessel formation.
Critical Parameters for the Properties of Poly (l‐Lactic Acid) Mixed‐Braided Stent: Monofilaments Diameter and Friction Coefficient
Authors: Cheng Jie , Jiang Zhijie , Hu Xue , Liu Muqing , Lu Mingxi , Ni Zhonghua , Zhao Gutian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBalancing the ideal radial supporting performance with flexibility in polymer stents has always been a significant challenge, and a potential solution to which is provided by the mixed‐braided stents. However, the principles of mechanics and design advantages are yet ambiguous. This study aims to establish a correlation between radial supporting performance and structural morphologies of mixed‐braided stents in the compression process. First, this study establishes a computational framework, which takes into account the different material properties of thick and thin monofilaments as well as actual friction coefficients. Second, this study simulates the crimping process of different mixed‐braided stents to find out the relationship between radial supporting performance and structural morphologies. Finally, by changing the friction coefficient in the simulation model, the influence of friction coefficient on the crimping process of the stents is explored. The result provides a reference for the structural design of mixed‐braided stents: significant differences in diameter and friction coefficient can lead to the instability of the stent. Specifically, as the friction coefficient increases from 0.12 to 0.20, the radial stiffness increases from 0.32 to 0.69 N/mm2, which is an increase of 115%. However, the stability of the stent decreases simultaneously. Meanwhile, the COF and stability of the stent have declined.
A novel method and equipment for manufacturing high‐performance fiber‐reinforced polymer composite based on chaotic mixing and stretching force field
Authors: Tan Lingcao , Guo Wenshuai , Gao Qi , Li Jiqian , He Yue , Huang Jiarong , Xu Wenhua , Xiao Shuping , Yu Huiwen , Xu Baiping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFiberglass‐reinforced composites are extensively utilized in a diverse range of fields. Nonetheless, relying on the high shear forces generated during twin screw extruder processing to enhance the dispersion and distribution of glass fibers (GFs) can result in GF breakage and the degradation of the molecular chains of polyamide (PA). Consequently, this leads to a diminished performance of the composite material. In this study, high‐performance PA6/GF composites were effectively fabricated through the utilization of a dual‐speed non‐twin screw extruder operating within a chaotic field. Furthermore, optimization was achieved by substituting the kneading block (KB) with a perturbation ring element (PRE). In this paper, a comparative analysis was conducted between the flow fields and experimental results obtained from varying thread arrangements. The result indicates that, in comparison to KB with discontinuous structures and sudden geometric shapes, PRE elements possessing open structure in both the transverse and longitudinal directions effectively mitigated the shear effect and residence time during processing. This led to the significant enhancement of the residual length of the GF, molecular weight of PA6, heat distortion resistance and thermal stability of the composites. Additionally, enhanced performance was observed in PA6/GF composites prepared using the PRE configuration. Specifically, PA6/GF composites prepared by PRE S3 configuration showed outstanding impact strength of 13.3 kJ/m2 and a tensile strength of 151.6 MPa, representing respective increases of 15.7% and 6.9% compared with those prepared using the twin screw extruder (TSE). This work introduced an innovative device and molding technique for the production of high‐performance fiber‐reinforced polymer composites.Highlights
High‐performance PA/GF was successfully manufactured by non‐twin screw extruder.
The modified non‐twin screw leaded to better dispersion and distribution of GF.
The damage of fiberglass and the degradation of PA were significantly reduced.
The mechanical properties were significantly improved without using additives.
The heat distortion resistance and thermal stability of PA/GF were improved.
Novel hybrid polymer composites for optimized thermal performance in electric vehicle battery cases
Authors: Cebe Emrullah , Irez Alaeddin Burak 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectric vehicles are essential for ensuring the sustainability of transportation and have the advantage of emitting no environmentally harmful gases due to their non‐reliance on fossil fuels, such as internal combustion engines. However, battery performance remains a significant barrier to wider use of electric cars, as the joule effect increases temperature, negatively impacting battery efficiency. The objective of this study is to create polymer‐based hybrid composite materials that enhance the thermal conductivity and impact strength of the battery module. Polyamide 6 (PA6) was chosen as the matrix material because of its extensive usage and ease of fabrication. Hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) and graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) were used to enhance thermal conductivity. Furthermore, a Styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS) elastomer supplement has been included to enhance protection against probable ground impact damage. After production, samples underwent mechanical and thermal testing. The addition of GnPs led to an 8.9% enhancement in the elastic modulus and a 4.97% improvement in the tensile strength value. The results demonstrate that the thermal conductivity had a significant rise of 194.3% when 30% h‐BN was incorporated based on weight. Subsequently, fracture surfaces were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to analyze the mechanisms that caused the damage. Afterwards, the thermal conductivity of the compositions was determined utilizing analytical methods and by creating a representative volume element (RVE). In the end, the compositions were evaluated based on several qualities, resulting in the selection of the most suitable composition by using the response surface method (RSM) and python‐based optimization code.Highlights
Incorporating 30% h‐BN into the neat matrix increased the thermal conductivity by 194.3%.
Optimization studies showed that 30% h‐BN reinforcement led to the most preferred results.
GnP addition improved mechanical properties.
GnP and h‐BN reinforcements improve the composites' glass transition temperature.
Repackaging and Repurposing Digital Objects: A Conceptual Model to Understand the Malleability of Politics in Digital Environments
Authors: Halupka Max , Brown Jeremiah Thomas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWith the transition to digital environments, there are new dynamics and practices which need to be understood. In contrast to analogue objects, digital objects and online engagements exist in semi‐fixed digital environments which are subject to change, despite time. This makes digital objects different from analogue objects, as they are more malleable, and subject to having their meaning changed, especially with respect to politics. This paper presents repackaged and repurposed intention as two new practices which leverage the malleability of digital objects in relation to the scene in which they occur. Together, repackaged and repurposed intention provide a scaffold for understanding the way politics, playing out in digital spaces, no longer relies on author intentionality to define the meaning or purpose of their engagements. Our paper explores the potential to shift the meaning of digital objects through two illustrative cases and, in doing so, highlights how the potential to change the meaning of digital objects has important political implications.
Shifting Migration Determinants for Family Households With Children From a Life‐Course Perspective
Authors: Kato Haruka 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, many urban planners focused on urban exodus. However, a research gap exists as to whether the spread of the infection affected changes in the migration destination determinants of family households. This study aims to clarify the shifting determinants of the migration destinations of family households with children who migrated from the urban centre of the Japanese metropolitan areas because of the spread of the infection during the pandemic. This study adopted a life‐course perspective of the shift in migration destination determinants from the pre‐pandemic to the pandemic periods. The participants were recruited through a web‐based questionnaire survey. As a result, this study concluded that family households with children who mentioned the spread of COVID‐19 infection as a migration motive exhibited significant shifts in their migration destination determinants, emphasising the importance of social interaction‐related factors. The social interaction factors are the favorability of communities, community ties, returning to their hometown, and proximity to relatives. Conversely, the influence of work, living environment, and housing factors on family migration did not change much from the pre‐pandemic to the pandemic periods. This means that the pandemic did not affect migration motives related to work, the living environment, and housing. Therefore, the unique contribution of this study lies in its revelation of the temporal precedence of shifts in the prioritisation of social interaction determinants from pre‐pandemic to pandemic periods. Our findings suggest that they might migrated from urban centres to other cities that offer opportunities for social interaction.
Racial Segregation in a Multiracial Society: Black Exclusion and Spatial Integration in US Municipalities, 1990–2020
Authors: Parisi Domenico , Lichter Daniel T. , Ambinakudige Shrinidhi , Scott Christian Kelly 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAmerica's municipalities, as political actors, have become the cultural arena for changes in Black social integration and inclusion. Growing racial diversity presumably offers new opportunities for residential inclusion, resulting in less segregation, in an increasingly pluralistic and multiethnic society. This study examines patterns of Black segregation from Whites and non‐Blacks across America's increasingly multiracial municipalities over the last four decades. Our results reveal high, yet steep decline in Black segregation from Whites since 1990, as measured by the index of dissimilarity (D), decreasing from 77 to 64. However, Black–White segregation remains exceptionally high compared to other racial groups. Black segregation from Hispanics has also declined since 1990, but segregation from Asians has changed very little. In metro municipalities, fringe suburbs pose serious challenges for Black integration, suggesting new bastions of segregation. Nonmetro municipalities, particularly county seats, still show higher levels of segregation, reflecting enduring social structures that impede racial mixing. Fixed‐effects models that control for unobserved municipal‐period effects indicate that observed changes in the predictors cannot fully ‘explain’ the differentials in Black segregation or the large downward trend since 1990. Racial inequalities—in income, housing and labour market opportunities—nevertheless continue to reinforce persistent Black municipal segregation from Whites and other non‐Black populations. It remains to be seen whether Black segregation will continue to decline indefinitely in a multiethnic society or evolve in new and unexpected ways as racial diversity penetrates the American landscape.