bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential Organocatalytic Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5‐a]quinolines
Authors: da Costa Gabriel P. , Bach Mariana F. , de Moraes Maiara C. , Barcellos Thiago , Lenardão Eder J. , Silva Márcio S. , Alves Diego 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, a one‐pot sequential organocatalytic method for the synthesis of fused [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐a]quinolines through successive cyclization and condensation is presented. In this synthetic strategy, the intermolecular [3+2]‐cycloaddition occurs between 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and o‐carbonyl‐substituted phenylazide compounds, for the formation of the 1,2,3‐triazole intermediates. Subsequently, an intramolecular condensation reaction generates the fused quinoline ring by the new C−C bond formation, giving the products in yields ranging from moderate to excellent. All the reactions were performed using 20 mol% of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) as catalyst in the presence of DMSO as solvent at 120 °C for 24 h and tolerate a range of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, such as β‐keto esters and 1,3‐diketones, and o‐formyl, o‐acetyl or o‐benzoyl substituted phenylazide compounds.magnified image
Ring chromosome formation by intra‐strand repairing of subtelomeric double stand breaks and clinico‐cytogenomic correlations for ring chromosome 9
Authors: Chai Hongyan , Ji Weizhen , Wen Jiadi , DiAdamo Autumn , Grommisch Brittany , Hu Qiping , Szekely Anna M. , Li Peining 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConstitutional ring chromosome 9, r(9), is a rare chromosomal disorder. Cytogenomic analyses by karyotyping, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed in a patient of r(9). Karyotyping detected a mosaic pattern of r(9) and monosomy 9 in 83% and 17% of cells, respectively. aCGH detected subtelomeric deletions of 407 kb at 9p24.3 and 884 kb at 9q34.3 and an interstitial duplication of 5.879 Mb at 9q33.2q34.11. WGS revealed double strand breaks (DSBs) at ends of 9p24.3 and 9q34.3, inverted repeats at ends of subtelomeric and 9q33.2q34.11 regions, and microhomology sequences at the junctions of this r(9). This is the first report of r(9) analyzed by WGS to delineate the mechanism of ring chromosome formation from repairing of subtelomeric DSBs. The loss of telomeres by subtelomeric DSBs triggered inverted repeats induced intra‐strand foldback and then microhomology mediated synthesis and ligation, which resulted in the formation of this r(9) with distal deletions and an interstitial duplication. Review of literature found seven patients of r(9) with clinical and cytogenomic findings. These patients and the present patient were registered into the Human Ring Chromosome Registry and a map correlating critical regions and candidate genes with relevant phenotypes was constructed. Variable phenotypes of r(9) patients could be explained by critical regions and genes of DOCK8, DMRT, SMARCA2, CD274, IL33, PTPRD, CER1, FREM1 for 9p deletions, and the EHMT1 gene for 9q34 deletion syndrome. This interactive registry of r(9) could provide information for cytogenomic diagnosis, genetics counseling and clinical management.
CAG Repeat Size Influences the Progression Rate of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3
Authors: Leotti Vanessa B. , de Vries Jeroen J. , Oliveira Camila M. , de Mattos Eduardo P. , Te Meerman Gerard J. , Brunt Ewout R. , Kampinga Harm H. , Jardim Laura B. , Verbeek Dineke S. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveIn spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado‐Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), the expanded cytosine adenine guanine (CAG) repeat in ATXN3 is the causal mutation, and its length is the main factor in determining the age at onset (AO) of clinical symptoms. However, the contribution of the expanded CAG repeat length to the rate of disease progression after onset has remained a matter of debate, even though an understanding of this factor is crucial for experimental data on disease modifiers and their translation to clinical trials and their design.MethodsEighty‐two Dutch patients with SCA3/MJD were evaluated annually for 15 years using the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). Using linear growth curve models, ICARS progression rates were calculated and tested for their relation to the length of the CAG repeat expansion and to the residual age at onset (RAO): The difference between the observed AO and the AO predicted on the basis of the CAG repeat length.ResultsOn average, ICARS scores increased 2.57 points/year of disease. The length of the CAG repeat was positively correlated with a more rapid ICARS progression, explaining 30% of the differences between patients. Combining both the length of the CAG repeat and RAO as comodifiers explained up to 47% of the interpatient variation in ICARS progression.InterpretationOur data imply that the length of the expanded CAG repeat in ATXN3 is a major determinant of clinical decline, which suggests that CAG‐dependent molecular mechanisms similar to those responsible for disease onset also contribute to the rate of disease progression in SCA3/MJD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:66–73
Design, Identification, and Evolution of a Surface Ruthenium(II/III) Single Site for CO Activation
Authors: Kang Liqun , Wang Bolun , Thetford Adam , Wu Ke , Danaie Mohsen , He Qian , Gibson Emma K. , Sun Ling‐Dong , Asakura Hiroyuki , Catlow C. Richard A. , Wang Feng Ryan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRuII compounds are widely used in catalysis, photocatalysis, and medical applications. They are usually obtained in a reductive environment as molecular O2 can oxidize RuII to RuIII and RuIV. Here we report the design, identification and evolution of an air‐stable surface [bipy‐RuII(CO)2Cl2] site that is covalently mounted onto a polyphenylene framework. Such a RuII site was obtained by reduction of [bipy‐RuIIICl4]− with simultaneous ligand exchange from Cl− to CO. This structural evolution was witnessed by a combination of in situ X‐ray and infrared spectroscopy studies. The [bipy‐RuII(CO)2Cl2] site enables oxidation of CO with a turnover frequency of 0.73×10−2 s−1 at 462 K, while the RuIII site is completely inert. This work contributes to the study of structure–activity relationship by demonstrating a practical control over both geometric and electronic structures of single‐site catalysts at molecular level.
Photodriven Disproportionation of Nitrogen and Its Change to Reductive Nitrogen Photofixation
Authors: Yang Jianhua , Bai Haoyuan , Guo Yanzhen , Zhang Han , Jiang Ruibin , Yang Baocheng , Wang Jianfang , Yu Jimmy C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNitrogen fixation is an essential process for sustaining life. Tremendous efforts have been made on the photodriven fixation of nitrogen into ammonia. However, the disproportionation of dinitrogen to ammonia and nitrate under ambient conditions has remained a grand challenge. In this work, the photodriven disproportionation of nitrogen is realized in water under visible light and ambient conditions using Fe‐doped TiO2microspheres. The oxygen vacancies associated with the Fe dopants activate chemisorbed N2molecules, which can then be fixed into NH3with H2O2as the oxidation product. The generated H2O2thereafter oxidizes NH3into nitrate. This disproportionation reaction can be turned to the reductive one by loading plasmonic Au nanoparticles in the doped TiO2microspheres. The generated H2O2can be effectively decomposed by the Au nanoparticles, resulting in the transformation of the disproportionation reaction to the completely reductive nitrogen photofixation.
Discovery of Self‐Assembling Small Molecules as Vaccine Adjuvants
Authors: Jin Shuyu , Vu Hue Thi , Hioki Kou , Noda Naotaka , Yoshida Hiroki , Shimane Toru , Ishizuka Shigenari , Takashima Ippei , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Beverly Pe Kathleen , Ogawa Tetsuya , Nishimura Naoya , Packwood Daniel , Tokitoh Norihiro , Kurata Hiroki , Yamasaki Sho , Ishii Ken J. , Uesugi Motonari 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImmune potentiators, termed adjuvants, trigger early innate immune responses to ensure the generation of robust and long‐lasting adaptive immune responses of vaccines. Presented here is a study that takes advantage of a self‐assembling small‐molecule library for the development of a novel vaccine adjuvant. Cell‐based screening of the library and subsequent structural optimization led to the discovery of a simple, chemically tractable deoxycholate derivative (molecule 6, also named cholicamide) whose well‐defined nanoassembly potently elicits innate immune responses in macrophages and dendritic cells. Functional and mechanistic analyses indicate that the virus‐like assembly enters the cells and stimulates the innate immune response through Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7), an endosomal TLR that detects single‐stranded viral RNA. As an influenza vaccine adjuvant in mice, molecule 6 was as potent as Alum, a clinically used adjuvant. The studies described here pave the way for a new approach to discovering and designing self‐assembling small‐molecule adjuvants against pathogens, including emerging viruses.
Modifiers versus Channels: Creating Shape‐Selective Catalysis of Metal Nanoparticles/Porous Nanomaterials
Authors: Fang Chuanzhen , Liu Liwei , Weng Jiena , Zhang Suoying , Zhang Xinglong , Ren Zhen , Shen Yu , Meng Fanchen , Zheng Bing , Li Sheng , Wu Jiansheng , Shi Wenxiong , Lee Sungsik , Zhang Weina , Huo Fengwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractShape‐selective catalysis plays a key role in chemical synthesis. Porous nanomaterials with uniform pore structures are ideal supports for metal nanoparticles (MNPs) to generate efficient shape‐selective catalysis. However, many commercial irregular porous nanomaterials face the challenge to realize satisfactory shape selectivity due to the lack of molecular sieving structures. Herein, we report a concept of creating shape selectivity in MNPs/porous nanomaterials through intentionally poisoning certain MNPs using suitable modifiers. The remaining MNPs within the substrates can cooperate with the channels to generate selectivity. Such a strategy not only applies to regular porous nanomaterials (such as MOFs, zeolites) but also extended to irregular porous nanomaterials (such as active carbon, P25). Potentially, the matching among different MNPs, corresponding modifiers, and porous nanomaterials makes our strategy promising in selective catalytic systems.
A Self‐Degradable Supramolecular Photosensitizer with High Photodynamic Therapeutic Efficiency and Improved Safety
Authors: Yuan Bin , Wu Han , Wang Hua , Tang Bohan , Xu Jiang‐Fei , Zhang Xi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConcerning that the residues of photosensitizers (PS) may cause serious side effects under light, it is of great significant to timely switch‐off PS after photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, we proposed a supramolecular strategy to regulate the activity of PS, fabricating a supramolecular PS with improved reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency and accelerated self‐degradation ability. During PDT treatment, the supramolecular PS exhibited good therapeutic efficiency as well as reduced dark toxicity. Moreover, the supramolecular PS could be degraded by ROS generated by itself and lose its PDT activities once PDT treatment finished. In this way, the side effects of PDT can be reduced without sacrificing the therapeutic efficiency. This work provides a novel strategy for smarter PDT beacon to further improve the safety of PDT treatment.
Scalable fabrication of high‐performance graphene/polyamide 66 nanocomposites with controllable surface chemistry by melt compounding
Authors: Cakal Sarac Elcin , Haghighi Poudeh Leila , Berktas Ilayda , Saner Okan Burcu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScalable and ease fabrication of high‐performance graphene reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66) nanocomposites by melt‐mixing were achieved by selecting ideal graphene reinforcement having high C/O ratio. In this study, single‐layer amine functionalized reduced graphene oxide and multi‐layer thermally exfoliated graphene oxide (TEGO) were used to investigate the influence of surface chemistry and dispersion state on crystallization behaviors, mechanical, and thermal properties of graphene reinforced PA66 nanocomposites. Both types of graphenes acted as nucleating agent but TEGO showed the better performance due to its intercalated structure formation mechanism and efficient viscous flow during melting. Mechanical results indicated that 0.5 wt% TEGO based PA66 nanocomposite showed the highest tensile properties by increasing tensile modulus and tensile strength up to 45% and 16.1%, respectively. In addition, TEGO reinforced nanocomposites showed more stable viscoelastic behavior by reaching a plateau at high temperatures and restraining long‐range motion of polymer chains.
Does private tutoring improve student learning in China? Evidence from the China Education Panel Survey
Authors: Guo Yuhe , Chen Qihui , Zhai Shengying , Pei Chunchen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on data from the China Education Panel Survey, which covers 28 counties/districts of China, this study applies a difference‐in‐differences method (combined with propensity score matching in some analyses) to estimate the impacts of private tutoring on students' learning outcomes. Our analyses yield three important findings. First, subject‐specific tutoring has a statistically significant and positive effect on Grade 8 students' scores on Chinese and mathematics tests, although the effects are modest in size. Second, private tutoring improves students' academic performance mainly through enhancing their test‐taking skills or deepening their understanding of subject‐specific knowledge, rather than improving their general cognitive skills. Finally, the effect of private tutoring is heterogenous across different subsamples: it is larger for female students, low‐performing students, and students with better‐educated and wealthier parents.
Juvenile hormone upregulates sugarbabe for vitellogenesis and egg development in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria
Authors: Zeng Baojuan , Ye Yueru , Ma Jiajie , Song Jiasheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSugarbabe is a C2H2 zinc‐finger transcription factor that is sensitive to sugar and essential for lipid biosynthesis in larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. However, the role of Sugarbabe in adult insect development remains unexplored. Vitellogenesis is a nutrient‐dependent process that is promoted by juvenile hormone (JH) in many insect species. Here, we cloned an ortholog gene of D. melanogaster Sugarbabe (DmSug) in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. The locust Sugarbabe (LmSug) has five C2H2 zinc‐finger motifs similar to DmSug. LmSug was expressed at a low level in adult female locusts raised under poor nutrient conditions. JH treatment increased the expression level of LmSug. Knockdown of the JH receptor gene Met caused a reduction of LmSug expression. Depletion of the LmSug transcript level caused a significant reduction in vitellogenin expression in the fat body, resulting in impaired oocyte development and ovary growth. The results suggest that LmSug is expressed in response to JH, and plays an essential role in female insect reproduction.
Pyrolysis acid as sustainable wood preservative against rot fungi
Authors: Firouzbehi Farhod , Efhamisisi Davood , Hamzeh Yahya , Tarmian Asghar , Oladi Reza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of pyrolysis acid (PA) as a liquid by‐product of the slow pyrolysis of wood or any other lignocellulosic biomass has been widely developed in agriculture for a variety of purposes such as crop enhancement or as a pesticide. Evidence from the literature suggests that PA could be used as a sustainable wood preservative to protect against rot fungi and termites. The experimental work presented here provides one of the first investigations into the anti‐decay efficiency of PA. Crude PA acid acquired from three different types of wood at two different temperature ranges (180–280 °C and 280–350 °C) was used to impregnate beech and pine wood samples in a full‐cell process. Then, the resistance of treated samples against white and brown rot fungi was evaluated (in accordance with European standard EN 113), before and after a leaching test (European standard EN 84). It was found that, generally, higher retention of chemicals inside the wood was observed with PA obtained at 350 °C (PA‐350). The leaching rate of chemicals from the treated samples with PA obtained at 280 °C (PA‐280) was significantly higher than from those treated with PA‐350. Before leaching, no statistical difference was observed among the impregnated woods in terms of decay resistance. Although the samples treated with PA‐280 initially showed fairly good decay resistance they partially lost it after leaching. This was particularly the case with brown rot. However, the impregnation of wood samples with PA‐350 met the requirements of EN 113 as an efficient treatment against basidiomycete fungi. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Targeted metagenomics reveals extensive diversity of the denitrifying community in partial nitritation anammox and activated sludge systems
Authors: Orschler Laura , Agrawal Shelesh , Lackner Susanne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe substantial presence of denitrifiers has already been reported in partial nitritation anammox (PNA) systems using the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, but little is known about the phylogenetic diversity based on denitrification pathway functional genes. Therefore, we performed a metagenomic analysis to determine the distribution of denitrification genes and the associated phylogeny in PNA systems and whether a niche separation between PNA and conventional activated sludge (AS) systems exists. The results revealed a distinct abundance pattern of denitrification pathway genes and their association to the microbial species between PNA and AS systems. In contrast, the taxonomic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene, did not detect notable variability in denitrifying community composition across samples. In general, narG and nosZa2 genes were dominant in all samples. While the potential for different stages of denitrification was redundant, variation in species composition and lack of the complete denitrification gene pool in each species appears to confer niche separation between PNA and AS systems. This study suggests that targeted metagenomics can help to determine the denitrifying microbial composition at a fine‐scale resolution while overcoming current biases in quantitative polymerase chain reaction approaches due to a lack of appropriate primers.
Predictors of changes after reasoning training in healthy adults
Authors: Roheger Mandy , Kalbe Elke , Corbett Anne , Brooker Helen , Ballard Clive 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate predictors of performance changes and their time course in healthy older adults.DesignA post hoc analysis of a RCT investigating the effect of reasoning cognitive training (ReaCT) compared to an active control group (CG) during a time course.Setting and participantsAn online, home‐based RCT including n = 4,310 healthy participants (ReaCT: n = 2,557; CG: n = 1,753) aged 50 years and older.MethodsMultiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate predictors (age, sex, education, severity of depression, number of training sessions the participants attended, and neuropsychological baseline values) of the outcome measures grammatical reasoning, working memory, digit vigilance, verbal short‐term memory, and verbal learning at 6 weeks, 3, and 6 months.ResultsBeing female and lower education predicted improvements in grammatical reasoning scores at 6 weeks and 3 months of training.Conclusion and implicationIdentifying predictors for nonpharmacological interventions may help to set up a personalized medicine approach in order to prevent cognitive decline in healthy older adults.
A MOOC‐based flipped experience: Scaffolding SRL strategies improves learners’ time management and engagement
Authors: Pérez‐Sanagustín Mar , Sapunar‐Opazo Diego , Pérez‐Álvarez Ronald , Hilliger Isabel , Bey Anis , Maldonado‐Mahauad Jorge , Baier Jorge 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigher education institutions are increasingly considering the use of a form of blended learning, commonly named as flipped classroom (FC), in which students watch video lectures drawn from a massive online open course (MOOC) before a face‐to‐face lecture. This methodology is attractive, as it allows institutions to reuse high‐quality material developed for MOOCs, while increasing learning flexibility and the students’ autonomy. However, the adoption of this methodology is low in general, especially in Engineering courses, as its implementation faces a number of challenges for students. The most salient challenge is the lack of student self‐regulatory skills, which may result in frustration and low performance. In this paper, we study how a self‐regulatory learning technological scaffold, which provides students with feedback about their activity in the MOOC, affects the engagement and performance of students in an Engineering course following a MOOC‐based FC approach. To this end, we design an observational study with the participation of 242 students: 133 students in the experimental group (EG) who used a technological scaffold and 109 in the control group (CG) who did not. We did not find a statistically significant difference between the academic achievements of both groups. However, the EG exhibited a statistically significant greater engagement with the course and a more accurate strategic planning than the CG. The main implications for scaffolding self‐regulated learning in FC derived from these results are discussed.
Quality of life outcomes from a randomized controlled trial of patient navigation in Latina breast cancer survivors
Authors: Ramirez Amelie G. , Muñoz Edgar , Long Parma Dorothy , Perez Arely , Santillan Alfredo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionBreast cancer survivorship is a life‐long process involving challenges to health‐care communities and individuals, especially Latinas. Patient Navigation has shown some success in meeting these challenges. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an enhanced Patient Navigation program (Intervention; PN+) vs Control (PN) over time on general cancer and breast cancer‐specific quality of life (QoL) in Latina breast cancer survivors (BCS).MethodsWe conducted a 2‐year, two‐arm randomized controlled trial of the “Staying Healthy” program among Latina BCS. The design compared PN+ vs PN over time. We recruited 60 patients into each study arm and randomized them by sequential numerical assignment. PN+ participants received culturally tailored educational materials and active, personalized Patient Navigation services, including phone calls, transportation, and care coordination. PN participants were navigated only upon request. Primary outcomes included general cancer (Functional Assessments of Cancer Therapy [FACTS]‐G) and breast cancer‐specific (FACT‐B) QoL.ResultsPN+ participants had significantly improved QoL measures compared to PN at 6‐month follow‐up on all subscales (P‐values .007‐.04) except physical well‐being (PWB; P = .11). Intervention effect size coefficient (standard error) for FACT‐G overall was 7.9 (3.1); P = .01. For FACT‐B, it was 10.9 (3.9); P = .006. Again, all subscales showed significant effects [range 1.7‐3.1 (0.8‐1.2); P‐values .006‐.04], except for PWB [1.5 (1.0); P = .16] and social/family well‐being (SWB) [2.1 (1.1); P = .06]. There were no differences between groups at baseline.DiscussionMultiple cultural, psychosocial, and socioeconomic variables contributing to these intervention effects will be addressed in future studies. As the national BCS population continues to increase, more Patient Navigation‐focused partnerships among patients, health‐care professionals, research groups, and community organizations are needed to improve BCS experiences. The Staying Healthy program has the potential to serve as a national survivorship care model for improving Latina BCS QoL.