bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schizotypy and psychopathic tendencies interactively improve misattribution of affect in boys with conduct problems
Authors: Gillespie Steven M. , Kongerslev Mickey T. , Bo Sune , Abu-Akel Ahmad M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPsychopathic tendencies are associated with difficulties in affective theory of mind (ToM), that is, in recognizing others affective mental states. In clinical and non-clinical adult samples, it has been shown that where psychopathic tendencies co-occur with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, the impairing effects of psychopathic tendencies on ToM are attenuated. These effects are yet to be examined in adolescents. We examined if the impairing effect of psychopathic tendencies on affective ToM was attenuated with increasing severity of schizotypal personality disorder (PD) in a sample of 80 incarcerated adolescent boys. We showed that the impairing effect of psychopathic tendencies on the recognition of neutral mental states, but not positive or negative mental states, was evident when the relative severity of schizotypal PD was low. However, with higher scores on both measures, we observed better performance in judging neutral mental states. The preservation of affective ToM in adolescents who show elevations in psychopathic tendencies and schizotypal PD may enable them to manipulate and extort their victims for personal gain. Our results emphasize the need to consider comorbidity in clinical case formulation when working with adolescents with conduct problems and psychopathic tendencies. More broadly, our results also suggest that the pattern of social cognitive abilities associated with co-occurring psychopathology does not always conform to an often-theorized double-dose of deficit hypothesis.
Connection of CVs and impedance spectra of reversible redox systems, as used for the validation of a dynamic electrochemical impedance spectrum measurement system
Authors: Pajkossy Tamás , Mészáros Gábor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the purpose of fast characterization of electrode reactions, a dynamic electrochemical impedance spectrum (dEIS) measurement system has been assembled which permits the continuous collection of audio-frequency impedance spectra while performing cyclic voltammetry measurements with the usual scan rates of up to 200 mV/s. The performance of this system was tested by analyzing the CV curves and impedance spectra taken simultaneously in ferro-/ferricyanide containing aqueous solutions yielding an experimental demonstration of the connection of the semi-integrated reversible voltammograms and the Warburg coefficients.
Understanding Growth and Malnutrition in Baka Pygmy Children
Authors: Funk Stephan M. , Palomo Guerra Belén , Bueno Zamora Amalia , Ickowitz Amy , Poni Nicias Afoumpam , Abdou Mohamadou Aminou , Sibama Yaya Hadam , Penda René , Ros Brull Guillermo , Abossolo Martin , Martín Eva Ávila , Okale Robert , Ze Blaise Ango , Moreno Carrión Ananda , García Sebastián Cristina , Ruiz de Loizaga García Cristina , López-Romero Salazar Francisco , Amazia Hissein , Álvarez Reyes Idoia , Sánchez Expósito Rafaela , Fa Julia E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe determined stunting, wasting, and obesity frequencies in a total 1092 2-to-12 year old Baka Pygmy children from anthropometric and health data gathered in 34 villages in the Djoum-Mintom region in southeastern Cameroon in four health campaigns in 2010 and 2017–9. We compare these to the WHO Child Growth Standards, Amazonian Tsiname growth references for inter-population comparisons and the study population itself. Population-specific growth charts were constructed using GAMLSS modelling. Our results show that Baka children have one of the highest global rates of stunting relative to the WHO child growth standard with 57.8% for 2-to-12 year olds and 64% and 73% for 2-to-4 year old girls and boys, respectively. Frequencies of wasting, overweight, and low BMI were low at 3.4%, 4.6% and 4.3%, respectively, for 2-to-12 year olds. Underweight was at 25.5%, in the upper range for sub-Saharan Africa. Edemas indicated rare severe malnutrition (0.3%). Uncertainties in age estimation had dramatic effects on the reliability of estimated individual z-scores but distributions of z-scores were robust at a population level. In the context of the recent evidence for genetic adaptation of the Pygmies’ small stature to the tropical forest environment we argue that WHO child standards for weight and BMI are applicable. However, standards for height are clearly not adequate for Pygmy people. To achieve UN Sustainable Development Goals, we recommend that Pygmy specific growth standards are developed for the various, genetically differing Pygmy tribes.
Risk interdependency, social norms, and wildfire mitigation: a choice experiment
Authors: Dickinson Katherine L. , Brenkert-Smith Hannah , Madonia Greg , Flores Nicholas E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWildfire presents a growing threat across the American West. We conducted an online choice experiment in Western Colorado to assess how social interactions affect wildfire mitigation decisions through two distinct pathways: risk interdependency (neighbors’ conditions affect perceived wildfire risk) and social norms (neighbors’ actions affect perceptions of appropriate mitigation choices). In contrast to key observational studies, we find that participants are less likely to choose to mitigate when they have more neighbors with sparse vegetation. This effect operates through the risk interdependency pathway: sparse vegetation on neighboring properties lowers participants’ wildfire risk perceptions and appears to be viewed as a substitute for one’s own mitigation actions. In this context, where neighbors are nameless and faceless, social norms do not counteract this negative effect. To reconcile this experimental result with observational studies, we discuss how both risk interdependency and social norms are influenced by geographical and social contexts and highlight how these insights can inform future research and policy action.
Enhanced Follicular Delivery of Finasteride to Human Scalp Skin Using Heat and Chemical Penetration Enhancers
Authors: Farah H.A. , Brown M.B. , McAuley W.J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this work was to evaluate whether improved topical delivery of finasteride, focussed to the hair follicles of human scalp skin could be achieved with application of short durations of heat and use of specific chemical penetration enhancers.

Methods
Franz cell experiments with human scalp skin were performed with a range of chemical penetration enhancers at 32°C and 45°C to simulate normal and heated conditions. Selected chemical penetration enhancers were taken forward for finite dose Franz cell studies which examined the effect of heat produced by a prototype external heating system that supplied either 20 or 30 min of additional heat over both a 24 h and a 1 h time period.

Results
Short durations of externally applied heat significantly increased finasteride penetration into human scalp skin after 24 h. Analysis of drug distribution in the skin after 1 h and 24 h indicated that both heat and chemical penetration enhancer selection influenced drug delivery to the hair follicles.

Conclusion
The use of short durations of heat in combination with specific chemical penetration enhancers was able to increase the delivery of finasteride to human scalp skin and provide focussed drug delivery to the hair follicles.
Informetrics and the study of science–society communications: a bibliometric scoping review
Authors: Soós Sándor , Kiss Anna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInformetrics with its frameworks and methods has long been playing a prominent role in the study of science–society communications. The aim of the present work is an exploratory study of this domain of research, via a scoping review based on enhanced bibliometric methods. The leading research questions concern the cognitive structure of the subject, its position in the broader context of science communication studies and social studies of science, and the role and contributions of informetrics in advancing the field. To overcome the difficulties stemming from the complex definition of the subject, we use an indirect, link-based search strategy for database construction. Our methodological framework consists of a combination of bibliographic coupling (identifying main research streams), various representations of semantic networks (analyzing the cognitive organization of individual research streams), and the systematic synthesis of the results we call quasi content analysis. Beyond uncovering the role and context of informetrics in the study of science–society communications, our results contribute to the conceptual clarifications on such timely issues as the meaning of altmetrics or the notion of social impact in recent informetrics paradigms.
The association between treatment with heparin and survival in patients with Covid-19
Authors: Ayerbe Luis , Risco Carlos , Ayis Salma 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the association between the treatment with heparin and mortality in patients admitted with Covid-19. Routinely recorded, clinical data, up to the 24th of April 2020, from the 2075 patients with Covid-19, admitted in 17 hospitals in Spain between the 1st of March and the 20th of April 2020 were used. The following variables were extracted for this study: age, gender, temperature, and saturation of oxygen on admission, treatment with heparin, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, steroids, tocilizumab, a combination of lopinavir with ritonavir, and oseltamivir, together with data on mortality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations. At the time of collecting the data, 301 patients had died, 1447 had been discharged home from the hospitals, 201 were still admitted, and 126 had been transferred to hospitals not included in the study. Median follow up time was 8 (IQR 5–12) days. Heparin had been used in 1734 patients. Heparin was associated with lower mortality when the model was adjusted for age and gender, with OR (95% CI) 0.55 (0.37–0.82) p = 0.003. This association remained significant when saturation of oxygen < 90%, and temperature > 37 °C were added to de model with OR 0.54 (0.36–0.82) p = 0.003, and also when all the other drugs were included as covariates OR 0.42 (0.26–0.66) p < 0.001. The association between heparin and lower mortality observed in this study can be acknowledged by clinicians in hospitals and in the community. Randomized controlled trials to assess the causal effects of heparin in different therapeutic regimes are required.
Biosynthesis of medicinally important plant metabolites by unusual type III polyketide synthases
Authors: Abe Ikuro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent research progress on the “second generation” type III polyketide synthases is summarized. This class of enzymes catalyzes unusual condensation chemistries of CoA thioesters to generate various core structures of medicinally important plant secondary metabolites, including the R1–C–R2 scaffold of alkyl quinolones, curcuminoids, as well as the 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring of tropane alkaloids. The discovery of this fascinating enzyme superfamily provides excellent opportunities for the manipulation of the enzyme reactions to expand the supply of natural and unnatural molecules for future drug development.
In silico validation of electrocardiographic imaging to reconstruct the endocardial and epicardial repolarization pattern using the equivalent dipole layer source model
Authors: van der Waal Jeanne , Meijborg Veronique , Schuler Steffen , Coronel Ruben , Oostendorp Thom 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe solution of the inverse problem of electrocardiology allows the reconstruction of the spatial distribution of the electrical activity of the heart from the body surface electrocardiogram (electrocardiographic imaging, ECGI). ECGI using the equivalent dipole layer (EDL) model has shown to be accurate for cardiac activation times. However, validation of this method to determine repolarization times is lacking. In the present study, we determined the accuracy of the EDL model in reconstructing cardiac repolarization times, and assessed the robustness of the method under less ideal conditions (addition of noise and errors in tissue conductivity). A monodomain model was used to determine the transmembrane potentials in three different excitation-repolarization patterns (sinus beat and ventricular ectopic beats) as the gold standard. These were used to calculate the body surface ECGs using a finite element model. The resulting body surface electrograms (ECGs) were used as input for the EDL-based inverse reconstruction of repolarization times. The reconstructed repolarization times correlated well (COR > 0.85) with the gold standard, with almost no decrease in correlation after adding errors in tissue conductivity of the model or noise to the body surface ECG. Therefore, ECGI using the EDL model allows adequate reconstruction of cardiac repolarization times.
Existence of optimal solutions to Lagrange problems for ordinary control systems involving fractional Laplace operators
Authors: Kamocki Rafał 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study optimal control problems containing ordinary control systems, linear with respect to a control variable, described by fractional Dirichlet and Dirichlet–Neumann Laplace operators and a nonlinear integral performance index. The main result is a theorem on the existence of optimal solutions for such problems. In our approach we use a characterization of a weak lower semicontinuity of integral functionals.
When bibliometrics met mathematics education research: the case of instrumental orchestration
Authors: Drijvers Paul , Grauwin Sebastian , Trouche Luc 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThanks to digital technology, methods for finding and analysing research literature have become dramatically more powerful over the last decades. Also, new bibliometric techniques have been developed and applied to the results of such literature search queries. The application of these bibliometric tools to mathematics education research, however, is rare. In this paper, we explore the value of these techniques for mathematics education research through triangulating bibliometrics and expert findings. To do so, we address the case of instrumental orchestration, and want to know how this notion developed over time and was used in research practices. The results show that bibliometric clustering techniques provided a sense-making sketch of the ‘landscape’ of instrumental orchestration research. Triangulating the bibliometric findings with expert interpretations seemed an appropriate method to set up compact ‘identity cards’. In the case of instrumental orchestration, we identified five main clusters in research literature, characterized by the following labels: Managing teaching complexity, Designing living resources, Teaching with technology, Adult learners, and Interacting with computers. The paper ends with some reflections on the potential of bibliometrics in our field and on future research on instrumental orchestration.
The Logic of Aspect-Perception and Perceived Resemblance
Authors: Kemp Gary 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDoes the relation of seeing something as another really differ from seeing the one as resembling the other? Does seeing a cloud as a camel really differ from seeing a resemblance between the cloud and a camel? It is easy to think not, but I claim that the logic of the relation B sees x as resembling y differs markedly from that of B sees x as y and thus that we have two relations, not one. Aspect-perception is nontransitive, nonsymmetric, (presumably) irreflexive and categorical. Perceived or subjective resemblance is weakly or faintly transitive, symmetric, reflexive and graded.
Requirements for Proper Immunosuppressive Regimens to Limit Translational Failure of Cardiac Cell Therapy in Preclinical Large Animal Models
Authors: Demkes Evelyne J. , Rijken Simone , Szymanski Mariusz K. , Hoefer Imo E. , Sluijter Joost P. G. , de Jager Saskia C. A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVarious cell-based therapies are currently investigated in an attempt to tackle the high morbidity and mortality associated with heart failure. The need for these therapies to move towards the clinic is pressing. Therefore, preclinical large animal studies that use non-autologous cells are needed to evaluate their potential. However, non-autologous cells are highly immunogenic and trigger immune rejection responses resulting in potential loss of efficacy. To overcome this issue, adequate immunosuppressive regimens are of imminent importance but clear guidelines are currently lacking. In this review, we assess the immunological barriers regarding non-autologous cell transplantation and immune modulation with immunosuppressive drugs. In addition, we provide recommendations with respect to immunosuppressive regimens in preclinical cardiac cell-replacement studies.
Effort, Uncertainty, and the Sense of Agency
Authors: Lukitsch Oliver 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrthodox neurocognitive accounts of the bodily sense of agency suggest that the experience of agency arises when action-effects are anticipated accurately. In this paper, I argue that while successful anticipation is crucial for the sense of agency, the role of unsuccessful prediction has been neglected, and that inefficacy and uncertainty are no less central to the sense of agency. I will argue that this is reflected in the phenomenology of agency, which can be characterized both as the experience of (1) efficacy and (2) effort. Specifically, the “sense of efficacy” refers to the perceptual experience of an action unfolding as anticipated. The “sense of effort”, in contrast, arises when an action has an uncertain trajectory, feels difficult, and demands the exertion of control. In this case, actions do not unfold as anticipated and require continuing adaptation if they are to be efficacious. I propose that, taken individually, the experience of efficacy and effort are insufficient for the sense of agency and that these experiences can even disrupt the sense of agency when they occur in isolation from each other. I further argue that a fully-fledged sense of agency depends on the temporally extensive process of prediction error-cancelation. This way, a comparator account can accommodate both the role of accurate prediction and prediction error and thus efficacy and effort.
Why Do We Talk To Ourselves?
Authors: Deamer Felicity 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHuman beings talk to themselves; sometimes out-loud, other times in inner speech. In this paper, I present a resolution to the following dilemma that arises from self-talk. If self-talk exists then either, (i) we know what we are going to say and self-talk serves no communicative purpose, and must serve some other purpose, or (ii) we don’t know what we are going to say, and self-talk does serve a communicative purpose, namely, it is an instance of us communicating with ourselves. Adopting (i) was the strategy taken by Bart Geurts, who claims that the primary purpose of self-talk is to entrain commitments, and is not (primarily) communicative. While accepting that self-talk can usefully play this role, I criticise the view that entraining commitments is self-talk’s fundamental role. I argue that adopting the view that we are self-blind, at least to a significant degree, means that we can accept that self-talk does play a communicative role.
Correlations of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) grade, specific symptoms of anal incontinence, and measurements by endoanal and transperineal ultrasound
Authors: Ignell Claes , Örnö Ann-Kristin , Stuart Andrea 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to investigate the association between the initial grade of obstetrical anal sphincter injury (OASIS), and Wexner score parameters, with ultrasonographic findings by endoanal ultrasound (EAUS, golden standard) and transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) 6 months post-partum.MethodsFifty-nine women after primary repair of OASIS were included at Helsingborg Hospital, Sweden, 2016–2017. Six months post-partum the women filled in a questionnaire regarding symptoms of anal incontinence by the Wexner score and were scanned with EAUS and TPUS (resting state and contracting state) for classification of the residual defect by a modified Starck score.ResultsCorrelations were found between the OASIS grade and residual defects; length (rs = 0.41,P = 0.003), depth (rs = 0.38,P = 0.006) and angle (rs = 0.40,P = 0.004) of the external anal sphincter (EAS) measured with TPUS in resting state. Using EAUS, correlation between OASIS grade and EAS depth (rs = 0.35,P = 0.007) and angle (rs = 0.37,P = 0.004) were similar, but there was no correlation with length (rs = 0.20,P = 0.14). Between incontinence to gas and the angle of the residual defect in the IAS using TPUS in resting state, correlation was moderate (rs = 0.42,P = 0.003). Regarding incontinence to liquid stool, measurements by TPUS in resting state of EAS residual defect depth (rs = 0.46,P < 0.001) and angle (rs = 0.44,P = 0.001) also correlated moderately. Both corresponding correlations using EAUS were weaker.ConclusionDefects measured with EAUS and TPUS six months post-partum correlated to initial OASIS grade and symptoms of anal incontinence. Specific symptoms correlated with specific anatomical defects, and TPUS was not an inferior method to EAUS.
Study on the optical quality and strength of glass edges after the grinding and polishing process
Authors: Bukieda Paulina , Lohr Katharina , Meiberg Jens , Weller Bernhard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlass edges result from cutting glass sheets and a further optional finishing. The mechanical interference into the brittle material glass causes flaws and cracks at the edge surface. Those defects have an influence on the strength of the whole glazing. Within the scope of a research project at the Institute of Building Construction from the Technische Universität Dresden, the grinding and polishing process is examined in terms of characteristic visible effects on the glass edge and the edge strength. Thereby a special focus of the research project is the impact of various polishing cup wheels for the chamfer surface of annealed glass. The article presents some basics about the processing steps of glass edges surfaces, introduces the considered grinding and polishing cup wheels and gives an overview of the performed experimental examinations. A microscopic analysis enables a characterisation of typical defects at the surfaces. Furthermore, four-point bending tests are performed to determine the bending tensile stresses at failure. The combination of both methods enables an analysis of the fracture-causing defect before destruction and a correlation between the optical surface quality and the bending tensile stresses. Additionally, the microscopy could be used to support the adjustment of a grinding machine and control reproducible edge qualities. The evaluation shows that a special development of polishing cup wheels for the chamfer can improve the surface quality and consequently increases the edge strength.