bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designating lawyers as reporting entities under the Kenya’s anti-money laundering regime
Authors: Pambo Kennedy Otieno 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
Kenya has made little progress in its endeavor to categorize lawyers as designated non-financial businesses and professionals (DNFBPs), despite making spirited attempts in 2007, 2018 and lately in 2019. The legal professionals are, therefore, not bound by the reporting and other stringent obligations imposed by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) to deter possible misuse by money launderers. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to enumerate the ongoing efforts toward designating lawyers as DNFBPs in Kenya. The paper also assesses the institutional and legislative incentives (as well as barriers) for imposing the anti-money laundering (AML) duty thereto.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper provides a qualitative review of Kenya’s AML legislative framework and the potential support/hindrance to imposing the AML duty on lawyers. Also, this paper provides a suggestion for possible solutions.

Findings
The legislative framework in Kenya has outlawed money-laundering, and lawyers can be compelled to disclose confidential information observed in the course of employment if it embodies crime or fraud. Thus, imposing the AML obligation on lawyers is nothing out of the ordinary, rather a mere creation for a formal disclosure mechanism. However, this paper also revealed divergent views that merit reconciliation for the seamless designation of lawyers.

Originality/value
To enhance the legislative framework in Kenya, the paper borrows from the FATF’s Interpretive Note to Recommendation 23 and suggests a practical solution to the apparent conflict between the legal professional privilege and the AML duty.
Illustrating the incentivised steps criminals take to launder cash while avoiding government anti-laundering measures
Authors: Gilmour Nicholas 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the incentivised steps criminals take to launder cash while avoiding government’s anti-money laundering (AML) measures.

Design/methodology/approach
To illustrate how and when technology is most prominent in the money laundering process, this paper analyses the criminal’s methodological approach to “technology-enhanced money laundering” by examining several high-level examples. To strengthen the theoretical assessment and the overall validity of the findings, the author incorporates details from their own research and professional experience to maximise comprehension of the methodological process that organised criminals and money launderers alike look to undertake when placing illicitly derived cash in the money laundering cycle.

Findings
The AML model of “placement, layering and integration” is synonymous with presenting the process of money laundering – in the most basic or generic forms. This paper identifies that the placement stage is a primary stage through which technology is exploited to assist in the entire laundering process.

Practical implications
Using money laundering case studies, this paper identifies that existing AML/countering terrorism financing international perceptions/practices and typological studies are not adequate for presenting an accurate assessment of the process used to undertake money laundering.

Originality/value
This paper provides an examination of the practicalities behind the prevention of money laundering from a compliance and investigative perspective. The paper is of interest to those involved in policy, compliance and investigations associated with money laundering.
Exploring patterns of organizational capability alignment: a contingency approach
Authors: Srivastava Saurabh , D’Souza Derrick E. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of the study is to investigate whether the alignment between organizational capabilities is idiosyncratic to an organization or a predictable pattern of alignments can be identified across organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
Survey design is used to collect data from upper- and mid-level managers of organizations operating in the software industry. A total of 219 responses are used to test the study hypotheses. Partial least squares structural equation modeling and regression analysis are used for data analysis and hypotheses testing.

Findings
Results suggest that the alignment between strategic thinking and absorptive capacity is different for organizations with a prospector-type strategic orientation compared to organizations with other types (defenders and analyzers) of strategic orientations. The study also finds that the pattern of alignment holds for each dimension of absorptive capacity.

Originality/value
There is limited research on the alignment between the three types of organizational capabilities (metaphysical, dynamic and ordinary). This may have transcended from arguments that if organizational capabilities are truly idiosyncratic, they should not be expected to follow a predictable pattern of alignments across organizations. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to empirically investigate and provide evidence that the alignment between organizational capabilities is contingent on the strategic orientation of the organizations. The findings offer hope for the development of a generalizable theory of organizational capability alignment in organizations.
Fishing for mammals: Landscape‐level monitoring of terrestrial and semi‐aquatic communities using eDNA from riverine systems
Authors: Sales Naiara Guimarães , McKenzie Maisie B. , Drake Joseph , Harper Lynsey R. , Browett Samuel S. , Coscia Ilaria , Wangensteen Owen S. , Baillie Charles , Bryce Emma , Dawson Deborah A. , Ochu Erinma , Hänfling Bernd , Lawson Handley Lori , Mariani Stefano , Lambin Xavier , Sutherland Christopher , McDevitt Allan D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has revolutionized biomonitoring in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. However, for semi‐aquatic and terrestrial animals, the application of this technique remains relatively untested.

We first assess the efficiency of eDNA metabarcoding in detecting semi‐aquatic and terrestrial mammals in natural lotic ecosystems in the UK by comparing sequence data recovered from water and sediment samples to the mammalian communities expected from historical data. Secondly, using occupancy modelling we compared the detection efficiency of eDNA metabarcoding to multiple conventional non‐invasive survey methods (latrine surveys and camera trapping).

eDNA metabarcoding detected a large proportion of the expected mammalian community within each area. Common species in the areas were detected at the majority of sites. Several key species of conservation concern in the UK were detected by eDNA sampling in areas where authenticated records do not currently exist, but potential false positives were also identified.

Water‐based eDNA metabarcoding provided comparable results to conventional survey methods in per unit of survey effort for three species (water vole, field vole and red deer) using occupancy models. The comparison between survey ‘effort’ to reach a detection probability of ≥.95 revealed that 3–6 water replicates would be equivalent to 3–5 latrine surveys and 5–30 weeks of single camera deployment, depending on the species.

Synthesis and applications. eDNA metabarcoding can be used to generate an initial ‘distribution map’ of mammalian diversity at the landscape level. If conducted during times of peak abundance, carefully chosen sampling points along multiple river courses provide a reliable snapshot of the species that are present in a catchment area. In order to fully capture solitary, rare and invasive species, we would currently recommend the use of eDNA metabarcoding alongside other non‐invasive surveying methods (i.e. camera traps) to maximize monitoring efforts.
Effect of tea polyphenols on the oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor in rats and its in vitro metabolism
Authors: Wang Zi‐Teng , Xue Ying , Sun Hong , Zhang Zhe , Tang Zhi‐Jia , Liu Shuai‐Bing , Cai Wei‐Min 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGreen tea is widely consumed as a beverage and/or dietary supplement worldwide, resulting in the difficulty to avoid the comedication with ticagrelor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients receiving antiplatelet therapy. This study was designed to investigate the effect of the most abundant content in green tea, tea polyphenols on the oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor in rats and its in vitro metabolism. Rats were orally treated with either saline or tea polyphenol extracts (TPEs) dissolved in saline once daily for 6 consecutive days. On day 6, after the last dose of saline or TPE, ticagrelor was given to the rats orally or intravenously. Plasma samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Human liver and intestinal microsomes were then used to investigate the inhibition by TPE, as well as its major constituents on the metabolism of ticagrelor to its two metabolites, AR‐C124910XX and AR‐C133913XX. Apparent kinetic constants and inhibition potency (IC50) for each metabolic pathway of each compound were estimated. Oral study indicated that exposure of ticagrelor and AR‐C124910XX was significantly decreased after TPE administration, while no significant differences were observed in pharmacokinetic parameters after intravenous administration of ticagrelor. TPE effectively inhibited the metabolism of ticagrelor in vitro, with epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate as the major constituent responsible for the observed inhibitory effects in human liver microsomes and intestinal microsomes (IC50 = 4.23 ± 0.18 µM). Caution should be taken for ACS patients receiving ticagrelor therapy with daily drinking of green tea.Practical ApplicationPotential interactions between tea polyphenols and ticagrelor were revealed for the first time. Results can provide suggestions for clinicians to optimize the dosing of ticagrelor while they are in the face of ACS patients receiving ticagrelor therapy, who also take green tea or its related products in their daily life.
Fool’s Gold: Business Power and the Evolution of the Conflict‐free Gold Standard
Authors: Elbra Ainsley 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article examines the role of business, through the World Gold Council, in the evolution of the Conflict‐free Gold Standard (CFGS). Using document analysis of meeting minutes, augmented by interviews with key participants, it is demonstrated that through the use of structural and discursive power, mining firms were able to socialise other actors (governments and NGOs) into accepting a business‐friendly standard. During the consultation process, the standard was weakened sufficiently as to allow business to continue to pursue opportunities in conflict zones. It is argued that the CFGS does little to address the issue of mine site conflict, but instead serves as a mechanism to reassure gold investors and consumers. The paper concludes that the Conflict‐free Gold Standard, like many private governance initiatives, is unlikely to address the issue it purports to. And, that, firms’ contribution to global governance should be cautiously viewed in this light.
Elevational partitioning in species distribution, abundance and body size of Australian alpine grasshoppers (Kosciuscola)
Authors: Yadav Sonu , Stow Adam , Dudaniec Rachael Y. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChanges in the physical environment with elevation can influence species distributions and their morphological traits. In mountainous regions, steep temperature gradients can result in patterns of ecological partitioning among species that potentially increases their vulnerability to climate change. We collected data on species distributions, relative abundance and body size for three grasshopper species of the genus Kosciuscola (K. usitatus, K. tristis and K. cognatus) at three locations within the mountainous Kosciuszko National Park in Australia (Thredbo, Guthega and Jagungal). All three species showed differences in their distributions according to elevation, with K. usitatus ranging from 1400 to 2000 m asl, K. tristis from 1600 to 2000 m asl and K. cognatus from 1550 to 1900 m asl. Decreasing relative abundance with increasing elevation was found for K. usitatus, but the opposite pattern was found for K. tristis. The relative abundance of K. cognatus did not change with elevation but was negatively correlated with foliage cover. Body size decreased with elevation in both male and female K. usitatus, which was similarly observed in female K. tristis and male K. cognatus. Our results demonstrate spatial partitioning of species distributions and clines in body size in relation to elevational gradients. Species‐specific sensitivities to climatic gradients may help to predict the persistence of this grasshopper assemblage under climate change.
Intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence angiography to prevent anastomotic leak after low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Shen Yu , Yang Tinghan , Yang Jinliang , Meng Wenjian , Wang Ziqiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnastomotic leakage (AL) is one of the most dreadful complications after rectal cancer surgery. Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG FA) is now being used to evaluate blood supply at the anastomotic site. The aim of this study is to conduct a meta‐analysis of the available literature to evaluate whether ICG FA could prevent AL after low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer.MethodsDatabases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar databases, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched to find out potential comparative studies comparing AL rates after LAR between intraoperative use and non‐use of ICG FA.ResultsA total of 1499 patients undergoing LAR in six studies were included. Intraoperative use of ICG FA was associated with lower AL rate (odds ratio (OR) 0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19–0.49; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%), overall post‐operative complication rate (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.30–0.70; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%) and reoperation rate (OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.06–0.75; P = 0.020; I2 = 0%). The initial transection line was changed in 7.62% (31/407) of patients in the ICG group and 19.35% (6/31) of patients suffered AL. In transection line unchanged patients (376/407), 5.05% (19/376) of patients suffered AL.ConclusionIntraoperative use of ICG FA is associated with lower incidence of AL after LAR. The benefit of ICG FA may be that it could identify patients with high risk for AL.
Safety and efficacy of first‐line dacomitinib in Japanese patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Nishio Makoto , Kato Terufumi , Niho Seiji , Yamamoto Noboru , Takahashi Toshiaki , Nogami Naoyuki , Kaneda Hiroyasu , Fujita Yuka , Wilner Keith , Yoshida Mizuki , Isozaki Mitsuhiro , Wada Shinsuke , Tsuji Fumito , Nakagawa Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn a subgroup of Japanese patients in the ARCHER 1050 randomized phase 3 trial, we evaluated the efficacy and safety and determined the effects of dose modifications on adverse events (AE) and therapy management of first‐line oral dacomitinib 45 mg compared with oral gefitinib 250 mg, each once daily in 28‐d cycles, in patients with EGFR‐activating mutation–positive (EGFR‐positive; exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R substitution mutations) advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS; RECIST, version 1.1, by blinded independent review). In 81 Japanese patients (40 dacomitinib, 41 gefitinib), PFS was longer with dacomitinib compared with gefitinib (hazard ratio [HR], 0.544 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.307‐0.961]; 2‐sided P = .0327; median 18.2 for dacomitinib [95% CI, 11.0‐31.3] mo, 9.3 [95% CI, 7.4‐14.7] mo for gefitinib). The most common Grade 3 AEs were dermatitis acneiform with dacomitinib (27.5%) and increased alanine aminotransferase with gefitinib (12.2%). A higher proportion of patients receiving dacomitinib (85.0%) compared with gefitinib (24.4%) had AEs leading to dose reduction. Incidence and severity of diarrhea, dermatitis acneiform, stomatitis and paronychia were generally reduced after dacomitinib dose reductions and dacomitinib treatment duration was generally longer in patients with a dose reduction in comparison with those without a dose reduction. Our results confirmed the efficacy and safety of first‐line dacomitinib in Japanese patients with EGFR‐positive advanced NSCLC.
Exploring dental students’ knowledge of HIV and attitudes towards saliva screening for HIV
Authors: Low Chui Yi Sarah , Kim Sung‐Beom , Liu Cyril , Stormon Nicole 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionEarly detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) allows antiretroviral therapy to commence, improving patient outcomes. Screening for HIV with saliva can be undertaken by dental practitioners. Research has found the procedure to be better accepted by patients than traditional blood testing. However, lack of knowledge and time constraints were identified as barriers to implementation for dental practitioners. This study aimed to explore dental students’ knowledge of HIV and their attitudes towards implementing saliva screening for HIV in a dental setting.MethodsConvenience sampling was used to recruit four focus groups of six to nine dentistry students from the University of Queensland. Participants also completed a questionnaire prior to the focus group.ResultsThirty‐three students participated in the focus groups. Students recognised their knowledge of HIV was limited, and 46% (n = 15) reported having treated a HIV‐positive patient in the last year. Three key themes emerged from discussions; knowledge and experience of HIV; barriers and enablers; and scope of practice. Students identified stigma, lack of training, cost and time restraints as barriers to implementing saliva screening for HIV. Opinions varied on if screening was within a dental practitioner's scope of practice.ConclusionsWhilst students were open to conducting saliva screening for HIV, they identified prominent barriers limiting its implementation within a dental setting. Education on saliva screening for HIV, patient counselling and referral pathways could be integrated into dentistry curriculums to reduce these barriers. Further investigation is needed into the cost‐effectiveness of implementing screening for HIV in a dental setting.
On the putative possibility of non‐spatio‐temporal forms of sensibility in Kant
Authors: Gurofsky Simon R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper defends Kant against a neo‐Hegelian line of criticism, recently advanced by John McDowell, Robert Pippin, and Sebastian Rödl, targeting Kant's alleged claim that forms of sensibility other than space and time are possible. If correct, the criticism identifies a deep problem in Kant's position and points toward Hegel's position and method as its natural solution. I show that Kant has the philosophical resources to respond effectively to the criticism, notably including the set of claims about the limits of meaningful thought that P. F. Strawson calls Kant's “principle of significance.” By Kant's lights, first, the concept “non‐spatio‐temporal form of sensibility” is meaningless, so he cannot meaningfully grant that such a form is possible; and second, there is no need to prove (e.g., from reflection on pure intellect) that non‐spatio‐temporal forms of sensibility are impossible, because insofar as the concept “knowing” means anything, that meaning is provided by our own always‐already‐spatio‐temporal case. An upshot of the argument is that Kant's two “stems” of knowledge or cognition, sensibility and understanding, are merely aspects of a single epistemic capacity rather than each a separate capacity in its own right. Many today are unwilling to take Kant's claims about the limits of meaningful thought at face value, notwithstanding their ubiquity and explicitness. This paper is therefore an indirect argument on behalf of that dimension of Kant's position: We have something significant to lose in not taking it seriously.
Global human “predation” on plant growth and biomass
Authors: Jenkins David G. , Haberl Helmut , Erb Karl‐Heinz , Nevai Andrew L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimEcological theory is not often applied to human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), which estimates reduction of natural net primary production (NPP) due to harvest and land use. Here we use predator–prey theory to evaluate HANPP as “predation”. Macroecology and adaptive life history strategies also help evaluate relationships among global terrestrial HANPP, NPP, and plant biomass (B).LocationLands worldwide.Time period2000.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial plants.MethodsHANPP and potential NPP allometric scaling were estimated for terrestrial ecoregions (N = 819, for 86% of global land surface area) in the year 2000. HANPP and NPP scaling were compared and projected to current and year 2050 conditions. NPP scaling for potential versus actual conditions were also compared, as were biomass turnover rates (T; per year).ResultsGlobal HANPP scales predictably with B; consistent with predator–prey theory, HANPP scaling is not clearly satiated at greater B. NPP scaling supports adaptive life history strategies theory. HANPP scaling isc. 16% of NPP scaling; a conservative estimate compared to a grid‐based 22%. HANPP scaling could become 25–35% of potential NPP scaling by 2050 due to population growth, or be constrained to 20–26% of potential NPP scaling if resource use efficiency improves. However, B is more sensitive than NPP to human effects, and human population size and HANPP now dominate as predictors ofT.Main conclusionsThree ecological theories converged here to broadly support prior empirical estimates and enable novel insights. B andTare more sensitive to global human impacts than is NPP and should be priorities for carbon budgets and conservation. Human population growth and resource use efficiency strongly affect terrestrial plant HANPP, B andT, and thus global carbon budget. Both human “top‐down” effects (evaluated here) and “bottom‐up” drivers (e.g., climate, nutrients, CO2) need to be incorporated into global carbon models.