bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints on a special running vacuum model
Authors: Geng Chao-Qiang , Lee Chung-Chi , Yin Lu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe study a special running vacuum model (RVM) with $$\Lambda = 3 \alpha H^2+3\beta H_0^4 H^{-2}+\Lambda _0$$Λ=3αH2+3βH04H-2+Λ0, where $$\alpha $$α, $$\beta $$β and $$\Lambda _0$$Λ0 are the model parameters and H is the Hubble one. This RVM has non-analytic background solutions for the energy densities of matter and radiation, which can only be evaluated numerically. From the analysis of the CMB power spectrum and baryon acoustic oscillation along with the prior of $$\alpha >0$$α>0 to avoid having a negative dark energy density, we find that $$\alpha <2.83\times 10^{-4}$$α<2.83×10-4 and $$\beta =(-0.2^{+3.9}_{-4.5})\times 10^{-4}$$β=(-0.2-4.5+3.9)×10-4 (95$$\%$$% C.L.). We show that the RVM fits the cosmological data comparably to the $$\Lambda \hbox {CDM}$$ΛCDM. In addition, we relate the fluctuation amplitude $$\sigma _8$$σ8 to the neutrino mass sum $$\Sigma m_\nu $$Σmν.
An Analysis of Solid-State Electrodeposition-Induced Metal Plastic Flow and Predictions of Stress States in Solid Ionic Conductor Defects
Authors: Barroso-Luque Luis , Tu Qingsong , Ceder Gerbrand 
Published: January 2020

The use of inorganic solid-ionic conductors with a metal electrode, has been proposed as a way to increase energy density, decrease capacity loss and prevent failure from metal propagation. Current observations of Li-metal electrodes causing cell shorting in solid-state systems have been identified as main obstacles limiting the development of this technology. However, many aspects of the involved phenomenon have not been fully addressed theoretically. In this work, we derive a mathematical model of electrodeposition-induced plastic flow in metal/inorganic solid-conductor systems. We use a semi-analytical solution to derive pressure increase expressions at metal protrusions and assess the possibility of fracture. The results give flow solutions analogous to laminar channel flow. The solutions also show how taking into account a boundary traction potential from built up pressure, leads to ionic redistribution and effectively screens isolated flaws, making local current focusing an incomplete explanation for observed electrolyte fracture. We show that the boundary traction potential sets a maximum value for the pressure increase that can occur from deposition at an isolated flaw. We derive conditions under which fracture can occur, and quantify the role of ionic conductivity and electrolyte fracture toughness in extending safe operating regimes of solid-state electrolytes with metal electrodes.
Somatosensory changes associated with motor skill learning
Authors: Mirdamadi Jasmine L. , Block Hannah J. 
Published: January 2020

Trial-and-error motor adaptation has been linked to somatosensory plasticity and shifts in proprioception (limb position sense). The role of sensory processing in motor skill learning is less understood. Unlike adaptation, skill learning involves the acquisition of new movement patterns in the absence of perturbation, with performance limited by the speed-accuracy trade-off. We investigated somatosensory changes during motor skill learning at the behavioral and neurophysiological levels. Twenty-eight healthy young adults practiced a maze-tracing task, guiding a robotic manipulandum through an irregular two-dimensional track featuring several abrupt turns. Practice occurred on days 1 and 2. Skill was assessed before practice on day 1 and again on day 3, with learning indicated by a shift in the speed-accuracy function between these assessments. Proprioceptive function was quantified with a passive two-alternative forced-choice task. In a subset of 15 participants, we measured short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) to index somatosensory projections to motor cortex. We found that motor practice enhanced the speed-accuracy skill function ( F4,108 = 32.15, P < 0.001) and was associated with improved proprioceptive sensitivity at retention ( t22 = 24.75, P = 0.0031). Furthermore, SAI increased after training ( F1,14 = 5.41, P = 0.036). Interestingly, individuals with larger increases in SAI, reflecting enhanced somatosensory afference to motor cortex, demonstrated larger improvements in motor skill learning. These findings suggest that SAI may be an important functional mechanism for some aspect of motor skill learning. Further research is needed to test what parameters (task complexity, practice time, etc.) are specifically linked to somatosensory function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Somatosensory processing has been implicated in motor adaptation, where performance recovers from a perturbation such as a force field. We investigated somatosensory function during motor skill learning, where a new motor pattern is acquired in the absence of perturbation. After skill practice, we found changes in proprioception and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), signifying somatosensory change at both the behavioral and neurophysiological levels. SAI may be an important functional mechanism by which individuals learn motor skills.
A novel method for quantifying periodicity and time delay in dynamic neural networks using unstable subaction potential threshold depolarizations
Authors: Sorensen Julian , Spencer Nick J. 
Published: January 2020

Techniques to identify and correlate the propagation of electrical signals (like action potentials) along neural networks are well described, using multisite recordings. In these cases, the waveform of action potentials is usually relatively stable and discriminating relevant electrical signals straightforward. However, problems can arise when attempting to identify and correlate the propagation of signals when their waveforms are unstable (e.g., fluctuations in amplitude or time course). This makes correlation of the degree of synchronization and time lag between propagating electrical events across two or more recording sites problematic. Here, we present novel techniques for the determination of the periodicity of electrical signals at individual sites. When recording from two independent sites, we present novel analytical techniques for joint determination of periodicity and time delay. The techniques presented exploit properties of the cross-correlation function, rather than utilizing the time lag at which the cross-correlation function is maximized. The approach allows determination of directionality of the spread of excitation along a neural network based on measurements of the time delay between recording sites. This new method is particularly applicable to analysis of signals in other biological systems that have unstable characteristics in waveform that show dynamic variability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The determination of frequency(s) at which two sources are synchronized, and relative time delay between them, is a fundamental problem for a wide a range of signal-processing applications. In this methodology paper, we present novel procedures for periodicity estimation for single time series and joint periodicity and time delay estimation for two time series. The methods use properties of the cross-correlation function rather than the cross-correlation function explicitly.
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Authors: Virani Salim S. , Alonso Alvaro , Benjamin Emelia J. , Bittencourt Marcio S. , Callaway Clifton W. , Carson April P. , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Chang Alexander R. , Cheng Susan , Delling Francesca N. , Djousse Luc , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Ferguson Jane F. , Fornage Myriam , Khan Sadiya S. , Kissela Brett M. , Knutson Kristen L. , Kwan Tak W. , Lackland Daniel T. , Lewis Tené T. , Lichtman Judith H. , Longenecker Chris T. , Loop Matthew Shane , Lutsey Pamela L. , Martin Seth S. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Moran Andrew E. , Mussolino Michael E. , Perak Amanda Marma , Rosamond Wayne D. , Roth Gregory A. , Sampson Uchechukwu K.A. , Satou Gary M. , Schroeder Emily B. , Shah Svati H. , Shay Christina M. , Spartano Nicole L. , Stokes Andrew , Tirschwell David L. , VanWagner Lisa B. , Tsao Connie W. ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
Published: January 2020

Background:
The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports on the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs).

Methods:
The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2020 Statistical Update is the product of a full year’s worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year’s edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, metrics to assess and monitor healthy diets, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, a focus on the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors, implementation strategies, and implications of the American Heart Association’s 2020 Impact Goals.

Results:
Each of the 26 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics.

Conclusions:
The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, healthcare administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
Novel Findings From a Metabolomics Study of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: Razavi Alexander C. , Bazzano Lydia A. , He Jiang , Fernandez Camilo , Whelton Seamus P. , Krousel‐Wood Marie , Li Shengxu , Nierenberg Jovia L. , Shi Mengyao , Li Changwei , Mi Xuenan , Kinchen Jason , Kelly Tanika N. 
Published: January 2020

Background
Diastolic dysfunction is one important causal factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, yet the metabolic signature associated with this subclinical phenotype remains unknown.

Methods and Results

Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy was used to conduct untargeted metabolomic analysis of fasting serum samples in 1050 white and black participants of the BHS (Bogalusa Heart Study). After quality control, 1202 metabolites were individually tested for association with 5 echocardiographic measures of left ventricular diastolic function using multivariable‐adjusted linear regression. Measures of left ventricular diastolic function included the ratio of peak early filling velocity to peak late filling velocity, ratio of peak early filling velocity to mitral annular velocity, deceleration time, isovolumic relaxation time, and left atrial maximum volume index (
LAVI
). Analyses adjusted for multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors and used Bonferroni‐corrected alpha thresholds. Eight metabolites robustly associated with left ventricular diastolic function in the overall population and demonstrated consistent associations in white and black study participants. N‐formylmethionine (B=0.05;
P
=1.50×10
−7
); 1‐methylhistidine (B=0.05;
P
=1.60×10
−7
); formiminoglutamate (B=0.07;
P
=5.60×10
−7
); N2, N5‐diacetylornithine (B=0.05;
P
=1.30×10
−7
); N‐trimethyl 5‐aminovalerate (B=0.04;
P
=5.10×10
−6
); 5‐methylthioadenosine (B=0.04;
P
=1.40×10
−5
); and methionine sulfoxide (B=0.04;
P
=3.80×10
−6
) were significantly associated with the natural log of the ratio of peak early filling velocity to mitral annular velocity. Butyrylcarnitine (B=3.18;
P
=2.10×10
−6
) was significantly associated with isovolumic relaxation time.

Conclusions
The current study identified novel findings of metabolite associations with left ventricular diastolic function, suggesting that the serum metabolome, and its underlying biological pathways, may be implicated in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction pathogenesis.
Endovascular Stroke Treatment and Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Anticoagulated Patients
Authors: Meinel Thomas R. , Kniepert Joachim U. , Seiffge David J. , Gralla Jan , Jung Simon , Auer Elias , Frey Sebastién , Goeldlin Martina , Mordasini Pasquale , Mosimann Pascal J. , Nogueira Raul G. , Haussen Diogo C. , Rodrigues Gabriel M. , Uphaus Timo , L’Allinec Vincent , Krajíčková Dagmar , Alonso Angelika , Costalat Vincent , Hajdu Steven D. , Olivé-Gadea Marta , Maegerlein Christian , Pierot Laurent , Schaafsma Joanna , Suzuki Kentaro , Arnold Marcel , Heldner Mirjam R. , Fischer Urs , Kaesmacher Johannes 
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose—
We aimed to determine the safety and mortality after mechanical thrombectomy in patients taking vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).

Methods—
In a multicenter observational cohort study, we used multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate associations of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) with VKA or DOAC prescription before thrombectomy as compared with no anticoagulation. The primary outcomes were the rate of sICH and all-cause mortality at 90 days, incorporating sensitivity analysis regarding confirmed therapeutic anticoagulation. Additionally, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature on this topic.

Results—
Altogether, 1932 patients were included (VKA, n=222; DOAC, n=98; no anticoagulation, n=1612); median age, 74 years (interquartile range, 62–82); 49.6% women. VKA prescription was associated with increased odds for sICH and mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.55 [95% CI, 1.35–4.84] and 1.64 [95% CI, 1.09–2.47]) as compared with the control group, whereas no association with DOAC intake was observed (aOR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.29–3.35] and 1.35 [95% CI, 0.72–2.53]). Sensitivity analyses considering only patients within the confirmed therapeutic anticoagulation range did not alter the findings. A study-level meta-analysis incorporating data from 7462 patients (855 VKAs, 318 DOACs, and 6289 controls) from 15 observational cohorts corroborated these observations, yielding an increased rate of sICH in VKA patients (aOR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.22–2.17]) but not in DOAC patients (aOR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.60–1.80]).

Conclusions—
Patients taking VKA have an increased risk of sICH and mortality after mechanical thrombectomy. The lower risk of sICH associated with DOAC may also be noticeable in the acute setting. Improved selection might be advisable in VKA-treated patients.

Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03496064. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: CRD42019127464.
John of Scythopolis on Divine Darkness
Authors: Treiger Alexander 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The present article provides a commentary on the sixth-century Christian bishop John of Scythopolis’ scholion on Dionysius the Areopagite’s Mystical Theology I.3. In this scholion, John discusses the various Greek translations of Ex. 20:18/21. He also refers to a Jewish cosmological tradition about the seven heavens. Various rabbinic parallels to John of Scythopolis are discussed. The article argues that John most likely has recourse to an oral Jewish tradition, transmitted to him by a Jewish informant in Scythopolis. John of Scythopolis’ scholion thus provides important evidence on Christian-Jewish contacts in Byzantine Palestine.
The Fate of EU Environmental and Investment Law after the Achmea Decision
Authors: Fermeglia Matteo , Mistura Alessandra 
Published: January 2020

In the landmark Slowakische Republik v. Achmea
BV judgment, the ecj arguably took a resolute stance against the compatibility of International Investment Agreements between EU Member States and the inherent functioning of EU’s legal order. However, the issue as to whether the foreign investment protection regime is at odds with the sound application of EU law is far from being settled. Furthermore, the international investment protection regime as interpreted by investment tribunals may hamper EU Member States’ regulatory space, especially in the implementation of ambitious environmental and climate policies. The recent surge of litigation before international investment tribunals triggered by retrospective changes to supporting schemes for renewable energy sources and the phase-out of nuclear power plants in some European Member States is a telling example. The purpose of this article thus is to analyse the avenues currently available to ensure consistency between EU’s environmental and climate policies as implemented by EU Member States and the investment protection regime as applied by investment tribunals in the wake of the Achmea decision, with a view to devising a benchmark to prevent and avoid, rather than foster, policy conflicts.
The Last Say? Comment on cjeus Judgement in the Tapiola Case (C-674/17)
Authors: Darpö Jan 
Published: January 2020

This article is a comment to the judgement from October last year by the European Court of Justice’s in the Tapiola case (C-674/17). It can be seen as a follow-up to what I wrote about the Advocate General Henrik Øe’s opinion in the case, which was published in last issue of this journal (J. Darpö, Anything goes,
jeepl
2019(3) 305–318). The case concerns a request for a preliminary ruling from the Finnish Supreme Administrative Court about the possibilities open under Article 16(1)(e) of the Habitats Directive (92/43) to perform license hunts on a strictly protected species listed under Annex iv to that Directive, namely the wolf (Canis lupus). This comment first describes the main points in the findings of the cjeu. Thereafter, a discussion follows focusing on three issues. The first concerns the relationship between Article 16(1)(e) of the Habitats Directive and the other derogation grounds in that provision from the strict protection of species. The next issue deals with the relationship between Annex iv and Annex V species, an issue linked to the assessment of the conservation status. The final question relates to how this conservation status is decided concerning species which roam over vast territories, not bothering about administrative restrictions such as national boarders or international obligations. At the end, I will make some concluding remarks about the wider implications of the judgement for the species protection under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive (2009/147).
On the Time Evolution of the Arctic Oscillation and Related Wintertime Phenomena under Different Forcing Scenarios in an Ensemble Approach
Authors: Haszpra Tímea , Topál Dániel , Herein Mátyás 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Arctic Oscillation (AO) and its related wintertime phenomena are investigated under climate change by 2099 in an ensemble approach using the CESM1 Large Ensemble and the MPI-ESM Grand Ensemble with different RCP scenarios. The loading pattern of the AO is defined as the leading mode of the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of sea level pressure from 20° to 90°N. It is shown that the traditional AO index (AOI) calculation method, using a base period in a single climate realization, brings subjectivity to the investigation of the AO-related phenomena. Therefore, if an ensemble is available, the changes in the AO and its related phenomena should rather be studied by a reconsidered EOF analysis (snapshot EOF) introduced herein. This novel method is based only on the instantaneous fields of the ensemble, and hence it is capable of monitoring the time evolution of the AO’s pattern and amplitude. Furthermore, the instantaneous correlation coefficientrcan objectively be calculated between the AOI and, for example, the surface temperature, and thus the time dependence of the strength of these connections can also be revealed. Results emphasize that both the AO and the related surface temperature pattern are nonstationary and their time evolution depends on the forcing. The AO’s amplitude increases and the Pacific center strengthens considerably in each scenario. Additionally, there exist such regions (e.g., northern Europe or western North America) wherershows remarkable change (0.2–0.4) by 2099. This study emphasizes the importance of the snapshot framework when studying changes in the climate system.
Eyes of the Storm: How Citizen Scientists Contribute to Government Forecasting and Risk Communication
Authors: Liu Brooke Fisher , Seate Anita Atwell , Iles Irina , Herovic Emina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSince the 1970s, the National Weather Service has trained citizens to collect, confirm, verify, or supplement radar and other data to contribute to a weather-ready nation. This study examines citizens who volunteer as weather spotters through a case study of an award-winning network. We uncover what motivates citizens to become involved in government science projects. Through the lens of relationship management theory and the related network approach, the study provides some of the first evidence on the benefits and drawbacks of citizens serving as amateur scientists and risk communicators and how these citizen scientists sustain their relationships with government scientists.
Association of low urine pH as a metabolic feature with abdominal obesity
Authors: Lee Juyoung , Chang Hee Kyung , Lee Sanghun 
Published: January 2020

Objective Low urine pH (LUP) is not only affected by environmental factors, but is also a feature of metabolic syndrome (MS), which is characterized by insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. However, it is unclear which factors contribute most to urine acidity. This study investigated factors influencing LUP and the link between LUP and metabolic traits in South Korea. Methods Participants were middle-aged subjects (age, 52.2 ± 8.9 years; average body mass index, 24.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2), of whom 4,626 had urine pH of 5.0 and were assigned to the LUP group and 4,185 had urine pH > 5.0 and were assigned to the control group. The association between LUP and various phenotypes, including environmental and metabolic traits, was analysed. Results LUP was significantly associated with MS diagnostic components and with environmental exposures such as smoking, alcohol intake and low-fibre diet. Multivariate analysis showed that the waist-to-hip ratio was the best predictor for LUP compared with other MS components (OR: 2.439). Conclusions LUP is an indicator of MS and is mainly related to the MS diagnostic criterion of abdominal obesity, even after adjusting for environmental influences on urine acidity.