bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ncoa7 locus regulates V-ATPase formation and function, neurodevelopment and behaviour
Authors: Castroflorio Enrico , den Hoed Joery , Svistunova Daria , Finelli Mattéa J. , Cebrian-Serrano Alberto , Corrochano Silvia , Bassett Andrew R. , Davies Benjamin , Oliver Peter L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Members of the Tre2/Bub2/Cdc16 (TBC), lysin motif (LysM), domain catalytic (TLDc) protein family are associated with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, although their exact roles in disease remain unclear. For example, nuclear receptor coactivator 7 (NCOA7) has been associated with autism, although almost nothing is known regarding the mode-of-action of this TLDc protein in the nervous system. Here we investigated the molecular function of NCOA7 in neurons and generated a novel mouse model to determine the consequences of deleting this locus in vivo. We show that NCOA7 interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of the vacuolar (V)-ATPase in the brain and demonstrate that this protein is required for normal assembly and activity of this critical proton pump. Neurons lacking Ncoa7 exhibit altered development alongside defective lysosomal formation and function; accordingly, Ncoa7 deletion animals exhibited abnormal neuronal patterning defects and a reduced expression of lysosomal markers. Furthermore, behavioural assessment revealed anxiety and social defects in mice lacking Ncoa7. In summary, we demonstrate that NCOA7 is an important V-ATPase regulatory protein in the brain, modulating lysosomal function, neuronal connectivity and behaviour; thus our study reveals a molecular mechanism controlling endolysosomal homeostasis that is essential for neurodevelopment.

Graphic abstract
Autophagy and the endolysosomal system in presynaptic function
Authors: Andres-Alonso Maria , Kreutz Michael R. , Karpova Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe complex morphology of neurons, the specific requirements of synaptic neurotransmission and the accompanying metabolic demands create a unique challenge for proteostasis. The main machineries for neuronal protein synthesis and degradation are localized in the soma, while synaptic junctions are found at vast distances from the cell body. Sophisticated mechanisms must, therefore, ensure efficient delivery of newly synthesized proteins and removal of faulty proteins. These requirements are exacerbated at presynaptic sites, where the demands for protein turnover are especially high due to synaptic vesicle release and recycling that induces protein damage in an intricate molecular machinery, and where replacement of material is hampered by the extreme length of the axon. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of the two major pathways in place, autophagy and the endolysosomal system, to presynaptic protein turnover and presynaptic function. Although clearly different in their biogenesis, both pathways are characterized by cargo collection and transport into distinct membrane-bound organelles that eventually fuse with lysosomes for cargo degradation. We summarize the available evidence with regard to their degradative function, their regulation by presynaptic machinery and the cargo for each pathway. Finally, we will discuss the interplay of both pathways in neurons and very recent findings that suggest non-canonical functions of degradative organelles in synaptic signalling and plasticity.
Role and function of Chondrostereum purpureum in biocontrol of trees
Authors: Hamberg Leena , Saksa Timo , Hantula Jarkko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A decay fungus, Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. Ex Fr.) Pouzar, has been investigated in Europe, Northern America and New Zealand for its ability to decay hardwood stumps and thus prevent sprouting. The aim of these investigations has been to find an alternative to mechanical (cutting only) and chemical sprout control (cutting and applying chemicals to stumps in order to prevent sprouting). Mechanical sprout control is not an efficient option due to hardwood tree species’ ability to re-sprout efficiently after cutting, and therefore management costs are high. Chemicals would be efficient but due to their harmful effects on the environment, alternatives are needed. The fungal treatment, i.e., cutting accompanied with C. purpureum inoculum is an environmentally friendly and efficient option for sprout control. This mini-review comprises the role and function of C. purpureum in biocontrol of trees: the ecology of C. purpureum, its sprout control efficacy, factors affecting sprout control efficacy, devices in biological sprout control, potential risks, and the future perspectives of biological sprout control.

Key points
• A fungus Chondrostereum purpureum is efficient in preventing sprouting of hardwoods
• C. purpureum is not sensitive to environmental conditions
• Devices should be developed for cost-efficient biological sprout control
A juvenile Tristan albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) on land at the Crozet Islands
Authors: Bond Alexander L. , Taylor Christopher , Kinchin-Smith David , Fox Derren , Witcutt Emma , Ryan Peter G. , Loader Simon P. , Weimerskirch Henri 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlbatrosses and other seabirds are generally highly philopatric, returning to natal colonies when they achieve breeding age. This is not universal, however, and cases of extraordinary vagrancy are rare. The Tristan Albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) breeds on Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, with a small population on Inaccessible Island, Tristan da Cunha, ca 380 km away. In 2015, we observed an adult male albatross in Gonydale, Gough Island, which had been ringed on Ile de la Possession, Crozet Islands in 2009 when it was assumed to be an immature Wandering Albatross (D. exulans). We sequenced 1109 bp of the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene from this bird, and confirmed it to be a Tristan Albatross, meaning its presence on Crozet 6 years previous, and nearly 5000 km away, was a case of prospecting behaviour in a heterospecific colony. Given the challenges in identifying immatureDiomedeaalbatrosses, such dispersal events may be more common than thought previously.
Mortality after mechanical thrombectomy in anterior circulation stroke may be higher at nighttime and on weekends
Authors: Zaeske C. , Goertz L. , Kottlors J. , Schlamann M. , Onur O. A. , Maus V. , Mpotsaris A. , Liebig T. , Forbrig R. , Kabbasch C. , Abdullayev N. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The objective of this study was to compare clinical outcome and procedural differences of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) during on-call with regular operating hours. We particularly focused on dosimetric data which may serve as potential surrogates for patient outcome.

Methods
A total of 246 consecutive patients who underwent MT in acute anterior circulation stroke between November 2017 and March 2020 were retrospectively included. Patients treated (1) during standard operational hours (n = 102), (2) daytime on-call duty (n = 38) and (3) nighttime on-call duty (n = 106) were compared with respect to their pre-interventional status, procedural specifics, including dosimetrics (dose area product (DAP), fluoroscopy time and procedural time), and outcome.

Results
The collectives treated outside the regular operational hours showed an increased in-hospital mortality (standard operational hours 7% (7/102), daytime on-call duty 16% (6/38), nighttime on-call duty 20% (21/106), p = 0.02). Neither the dosimetric parameters nor baseline characteristics other procedural specifics and outcome parameters differed significantly between groups (p > 0.05 each). In most cases (> 90%), a successful reperfusion was achieved (TICI ≥ 2b).

Conclusions
We found an increased in-hospital mortality in patients admitted at night and during weekends which was not explained by technical aspects of MT.

Key Points
• There is an increased mortality of stroke patients admitted at night and on weekends.
• This is not explained by technical aspects of mechanical thrombectomy.
• There were no statistical differences in the comparison of parameters linked to the radiation exposure, such as DAP, fluoroscopy time and procedure time.
European white paper: oropharyngeal dysphagia in head and neck cancer
Authors: Baijens Laura W. J. , Walshe Margaret , Aaltonen Leena-Maija , Arens Christoph , Cordier Reinie , Cras Patrick , Crevier-Buchman Lise , Curtis Chris , Golusinski Wojciech , Govender Roganie , Eriksen Jesper Grau , Hansen Kevin , Heathcote Kate , Hess Markus M. , Hosal Sefik , Klussmann Jens Peter , Leemans C. René , MacCarthy Denise , Manduchi Beatrice , Marie Jean-Paul , Nouraei Reza , Parkes Claire , Pflug Christina , Pilz Walmari , Regan Julie , Rommel Nathalie , Schindler Antonio , Schols Annemie M. W. J. , Speyer Renee , Succo Giovanni , Wessel Irene , Willemsen Anna C. H. , Yilmaz Taner , Clavé Pere 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To develop a European White Paper document on oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) in head and neck cancer (HNC). There are wide variations in the management of OD associated with HNC across Europe.

Methods
Experts in the management of specific aspects of OD in HNC across Europe were delegated by their professional medical and multidisciplinary societies to contribute to this document. Evidence is based on systematic reviews, consensus-based position statements, and expert opinion.

Results
Twenty-four sections on HNC-specific OD topics.

Conclusion
This European White Paper summarizes current best practice on management of OD in HNC, providing recommendations to support patients and health professionals. The body of literature and its level of evidence on diagnostics and treatment for OD in HNC remain poor. This is in the context of an expected increase in the prevalence of OD due to HNC in the near future. Contributing factors to increased prevalence include aging of our European population (including HNC patients) and an increase in human papillomavirus (HPV) related cancer, despite the introduction of HPV vaccination in various countries. We recommend timely implementation of OD screening in HNC patients while emphasizing the need for robust scientific research on the treatment of OD in HNC. Meanwhile, its management remains a challenge for European professional associations and policymakers.
Household electricity demand, the intrinsic flexibility index and UK wholesale electricity market prices
Authors: Torriti Jacopo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDuring peak electricity demand periods, prices in wholesale markets can be up to nine times higher than during off-peak periods. This is because if a vast number of users is consuming electricity at the same time, power plants with higher greenhouse gas emissions and higher system costs are typically activated. In the UK, the residential sector is responsible for about one third of overall electricity demand and up to 60% of peak demand. This paper presents an analysis of the 2014–2015 Office for National Statistics National Time Use Survey with a view to derive an intrinsic flexibility index based on timing of residential electricity demand. It analyses how the intrinsic flexibility varies compared with wholesale electricity market prices. Findings show that spot prices and intrinsic flexibility to shift activities vary harmoniously throughout the day. Reflections are also drawn on the application of this research to work on demand side flexibility.
Experimental evaluation of complete safe coordination of astrobots for Sloan Digital Sky Survey V
Authors: Macktoobian Matin , Araújo Ricardo , Grossen Loïc , Kronig Luzius , Bouri Mohamed , Gillet Denis , Kneib Jean-Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe data throughput of massive spectroscopic surveys in the course of each observation is directly coordinated with the number of optical fibers which reach their target. In this paper, we evaluate the safety and the performance of the astrobots coordination in SDSS-V by conducting various experimental and simulated tests. We illustrate that our strategy provides a complete coordination condition which depends on the operational characteristics of astrobots, their configurations, and their targets. Namely, a coordination method based on the notion of cooperative artificial potential fields is used to generate safe and complete trajectories for astrobots. Optimal target assignment further improves the performance of the used algorithm in terms of faster convergences and less oscillatory movements. Both random targets and galaxy catalog targets are employed to observe the coordination success of the algorithm in various target distributions. The proposed method is capable of handling all potential collisions in the course of coordination. Once the completeness condition is fulfilled according to initial configuration of astrobots and their targets, the algorithm reaches full convergence of astrobots. Should one assign targets to astrobots using efficient strategies, convergence time as well as the number of oscillations decrease in the course of coordination. Rare incomplete scenarios are simply resolved by trivial modifications of astrobots swarms’ parameters.
Tribological Rehydration and Its Role on Frictional Behavior of PVA/GO Hydrogels for Cartilage Replacement Under Migrating and Stationary Contact Conditions
Authors: Shi Yan , Xiong Dangsheng , Li Jianliang , Li Long , Liu Qibin , Dini Daniele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) was incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel to improve its mechanical and tribological performances for potential articular cartilage replacement application. The compressive mechanical properties, creep resistance, and dynamic mechanical properties of PVA/GO hydrogels with varied GO content were studied. The frictional behavior of PVA/GO hydrogels under stationary and migrating contact configurations during reciprocal and unidirectional sliding movements were investigated. The effects of load, sliding speed, diameter of counterface, and counterface materials on the frictional coefficient of PVA/GO hydrogels were discussed. PVA/0.10wt%GO hydrogel show higher compressive modulus and creep resistance, but moderate friction coefficient. The friction coefficient of PVA/GO hydrogel under stationary and migratory contact configurations greatly depends on interstitial fluid pressurization and tribological rehydration. The friction behavior of PVA/GO hydrogels shows load, speed, and counterface diameter dependence similar to those observed in natural articular cartilage. A low friction coefficient (~ 0.03) was obtained from PVA/0.10wt%GO hydrogel natural cartilage counter pair.
Graphical Abstract
Adaptive Time Propagation for Time-dependent Schrödinger equations
Authors: Auzinger Winfried , Hofstätter Harald , Koch Othmar , Quell Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe compare adaptive time integrators for the numerical solution of linear Schrödinger equations where the Hamiltonian explicitly depends on time. The approximation methods considered are splitting methods, where the time variable is split off and advanced separately, and commutator-free Magnus-type methods. The time-steps are chosen adaptively based on asymptotically correct estimators of the local error in both cases. It is found that splitting methods are more efficient when the Hamiltonian naturally suggests a separation into kinetic and potential part, whereas Magnus-type integrators excel when the structure of the problem only allows to advance the time variable separately.
Use of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair in Patients with Concomitant Blunt Aortic and Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zambetti Benjamin R. , Huang Dih-Dih , Lewis Richard H. , Fischer Peter E. , Croce Martin A. , Magnotti Louis J. 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:
Blunt aortic injury (BAI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) represent the 2 leading causes of death after blunt trauma. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of TBI and use of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) on patients with BAI, using a large, national dataset.

STUDY DESIGN:
Patients with BAI were identified from the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database over 10 years, ending in 2016. Patients with BAI were stratified by the presence of concomitant TBI and compared. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of mortality in BAI patients with and without TBI. Youden's index was used to identify the optimal time to TEVAR in these patients.

RESULTS:
17,040 patients with BAI were identified, with 4,748 (28%) having a TBI. Patients with BAI and TBI were predominantly male, with a higher injury burden and greater severity of shock at presentation, underwent fewer TEVAR procedures, and had increased mortality compared with BAI patients without TBI. The optimal time for TEVAR was 9 hours. Mortality was significantly increased in patients undergoing TEVAR before 9 hours (12.9% vs 6.5%, p = 0.003). For BAI patients with and without TBI, MLR identified use of TEVAR as the only modifiable risk factor significantly associated with reduced mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.41; 95%CI 0.32–0.54, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
TBI significantly increases mortality in BAI patients. TEVAR and delayed repair both significantly reduced mortality. So, for patients with both BAI and TBI, an endovascular repair performed in a delayed fashion should be the preferred approach.
Toward Retrieving Distributed Aquifer Hydraulic Parameters From Distributed Strain Sensing
Authors: Zhang Yi , Lei Xinglin , Hashimoto Tsutomu , Xue Ziqiu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSubtle elastic rock deformation during aquifer testing may bear hydraulic parameter (permeability and compressibility) information owing to the poroelastic hydromechanical coupling effect. Here we report that such in situ rock deformations (∼50 µε) during an aquifer pumping test are successfully measured along a vertical well by a high‐resolution fiber optic distributed strain sensing (DSS) tool with an accuracy of 0.5 µε. We investigate the feasibility of hydraulic parameter estimation at meter scale using DSS data through a coupled hydromechanical model. Both synthetic and field cases are tested with sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that the simultaneous estimation of permeability and compressibility using DSS data is possible at low noise levels. However, only non‐global near‐optimal solutions can be obtained using the applied gradient‐based inversion algorithm, because of parameter crosstalk and sensitivity problems when the data contain large noise. In particular, estimation is difficult for zones with relatively low permeability due to the low sensitivity to the strain changes. The estimated permeability/compressibility structures for the field test are largely consistent with other geological information from well logs. Our study suggests that DSS data can be quite useful in aquifer characterization and fluid flow profiling in addition to geomechanical monitoring. The obtained hydraulic information is beneficial for the optimized reservoir management of water and oil/gas storage.
Moho Interface Changes Beneath the Tibetan Plateau Based on GRACE Data
Authors: Rao Weilong , Sun Wenke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) experiences complex mass transfer and redistribution due to the effects of the internal Earth dynamics and external climate change, such as land water changes, crustal uplift, surface denudation, and Moho interface changes. These phenomena are accompanied by changes in the gravity field and can be observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). This study uses GRACE data to estimate the mass changes expressed by the equivalent water height (EWH) anomaly of the TP. In addition, we use ICESat data and hydrological models to estimate the effects of hydrological factors (lakes, glaciers, snow, soil moisture, and groundwater) and to separate them from the comprehensive mass field to obtain the tectonic information. We found that the total hydrological contribution to the average EWH change is −0.27 ± 0.21 cm/yr. We further estimated a mean rate of 0.78 ± 0.06 mm/yr by interpolating the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) velocities. Furthermore, large amounts of sediments have been accumulated on and around the TP because of TP's denudation, and the denudation and sedimentation rate were estimated in our study. By removing the effects of the hydrological changes, surface movements, and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) from the GRACE, we obtained the EWH change of 0.18 ± 0.22 cm/yr contributed by the interior mass change. We estimated a mean Moho interface uplift rate of 4.20 ± 5.13 mm/yr, and the distribution of Moho interface changes indicates that the northern TP's Moho interface is upwelling and the southern interface is deepening.
Climate More Responsive to Marine Cloud Brightening Than Ocean Albedo Modification: A Model Study
Authors: Zhao Mengying , Cao Long , Duan Lei , Bala Govindasamy , Caldeira Ken 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSolar radiation modification has been suggested as a backup option to reduce anthropogenic warming. Marine cloud brightening (MCB) and ocean albedo modification (OAM) are two proposed approaches to intentionally reflect sunlight back to space over oceanic regions. Using the NCAR Community Earth System Model, we compare climate response to MCB and OAM under the framework of fast adjustment and slow feedback. We implement MCB and OAM uniformly over the global ocean to offset CO2‐induced warming. We find that to offset 3.3 K global mean warming from a doubling of CO2, diagnosed effective radiative forcing is −4.8 and −3.6 W m−2 for OAM and MCB, respectively. Correspondingly, radiative forcing efficacy of OAM is about 70% of MCB. Fast climate adjustment differs in response to MCB and OAM forcing. MCB cools the lower atmosphere by reflecting sunlight from cloud, causing a reduction in sunlight absorption in the atmosphere. In contrast, OAM, by reflecting more sunlight from surface, increases shortwave heating of the lower atmosphere, leading to a decrease in low marine clouds and hence a positive cloudy‐sky shortwave forcing that partly compensates the negative clear‐sky shortwave forcing. The slow climate response and pattern of equilibrium climate change are similar between MCB and OAM. As for hydrological cycle, relative to the climate under a doubling of CO2, both MCB and OAM produce an increase in precipitation and runoff over tropical land.