bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material stock development of the transport sector in the city of Vienna
Authors: Gassner Andreas , Lederer Jakob , Fellner Johann 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSocieties aim to reduce primary raw material consumption, enhance waste recycling, and reduce waste disposal. In this regard, the circular‐economy concept has gained attention and is applied in policy papers, also on the urban level. However, to assess set targets and their achievement, a sound knowledge of anthropogenic material flows and stocks is required. The material turnover of transport systems has not been sufficiently investigated yet, although they have a significant impact on overall material turnover and have a high potential for making use of recycled construction materials. To close this gap, the present study investigates the anthropogenic stocks and flows related to an urban transport system, whereby both infrastructure and vehicles are included. A bottom‐up, multiyear material‐flow analysis was employed to calculate the material stock and the related input and output flows of Vienna's transport system for the period 1990–2015. The results indicate the increasing importance of more environmentally friendly modes of transport. The stock of motorized individual transport has increased in absolute terms since 1990, but the stock per capita remains unchanged at 34 t/cap, whereas the per capita stock of public transport (20 t/cap; +8%) and of non‐motorized individual transport (4 t/cap; +10%) has increased. However, the primary source of material consumption (>65%) is maintenance of infrastructure. This provides a potential for more circularity because outputs and inputs are equal in terms of mass and material. The study provides a systematic analysis for developing policy and management options for sustainable resource‐saving urban transport systems.
Cerebrovascular Perfusion among Older Adults with and Without Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Makwana Bindal , Tart‐Zelvin Ariana , Xu Xiaomeng , Gunstad John J. , Cote Denise M. , Poppas Athena , Cohen Ronald A. , Sweet Lawrence H. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSECardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses a range of disorders that affect health and functioning in older adults. While cognitive declines have been linked to both cardiovascular and cerebral blood perfusion, protective neurovascular mechanisms raise the question whether cerebrovascular perfusion differs as a function of cardiovascular health status. The present study examined whether cerebrovascular perfusion significantly differs between healthy older adults with and without diagnosed CVD. The study also examined whether previously documented sex differences in cerebral perfusion would be replicated.METHODSTwenty CVD patients without significant heart failure and 39 healthy controls were recruited to undergo a comprehensive assessment, including an interview, echocardiogram, and magnetic resonance imaging). Arterial spin labeling was used to quantify cerebral blood perfusion.RESULTSBoth groups exhibited mean left ventricular ejection fractions that fell within normal limits. In line with previous research, women exhibited significantly higher cerebral perfusion than men. There were no significant group differences in whole brain cerebrovascular perfusion, regional perfusion, or white matter perfusion by patient status after accounting for sex and age.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that the effects of mild CVD on cerebrovascular perfusion are minimal. Future studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms involved in maintaining cerebrovascular perfusion in the context of altered peripheral perfusion and to determine whether this finding extends to more acute or severe CVD.
Interexaminer reliability of the German version of the DC/TMD
Authors: Asendorf Anne , Möllenkamp Johanna , Schierz Oliver , Rauch Angelika , Asendorf Thomas , Rammelsberg Peter , Eberhard Lydia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimVerification of the interrater reliability of axis I diagnoses of the German version of the DC/TMD. The hypothesis was that the DC/TMD protocol yields comparable results, if examiner instructions are closely followed.Material and MethodsA culturally equivalent German translation of the DC/TMD was developed. During a 1‐day calibration workshop at the University of Heidelberg, three examiners were trained by the DC/TMD Training and Calibration Center. According to the calibration guidelines, 16 models (11 cases, five non‐cases) were examined by four experienced TMD specialists. Reliability was calculated with reference to the reference standard examiner as percentage agreement and kappa coefficients for DC/TMD diagnoses and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for findings.ResultsExcellent reliability was achieved for the diagnoses myalgia, myofascial pain with referral, arthralgia, headache attributed to TMD, disc displacement (DD) with reduction, DD without reduction without limited opening (κ = 0.85…1.00). Degenerative joint disease was diagnosed with substantial agreement (κ = 0.64), DD with reduction with intermittent locking and DD without reduction with limited opening were not present in our sample. Overall percentage agreement was 94%‐100% for all diagnoses.ConclusionThe German version of the DC/TMD shows very good reliability and can be recommended for the use in clinical and research settings.
Accuracy of Guided Implant Surgery in 25 Edentulous Arches: A Laboratory Observational Study
Authors: Ben Yehuda Daniel , Weber Hans‐Peter , Finkelman Matthew , Sicilia Elena , Muftu Ali , Chochlidakis Konstantinos , Papaspyridakos Panos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTo assess the accuracy of template‐guided implant surgery for edentulous arches.Materials and MethodsThe stone master casts of 25 edentulous arches treated with either 4 or 6 implants with CBCT generated template‐guided surgery were included in this observational cohort study. The stone casts generated from the surgical templates (group one) prior to implant placement were digitized into Standard Tesselation (STL) files with a reference scanner. For comparison, the stone master casts derived from intraoral complete‐arch impressions after implant placement (group two) were also digitized. The resultant STL files were superimposed and best‐fit‐alignment algorithm was used to quantify the 3D deviations present between the two groups. Descriptive statistics were computed for all categorical variables. Due to the presence of nonindependent samples between maxillary and mandibular casts, a mixed‐effects model was used.ResultsDeviations between the implant analogs of the stone casts representing digitally planned versus actually placed implants were found. The mean root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) between all 25 arches was found to be 0.2 mm (SD ± 0.15). The mean RMSE between presurgical and postsurgical maxillary stone casts were 0.19 ± 0.15 mm, while between mandibular stone casts were 0.21 ± 0.16 mm and were not significant (p = 0.67). The mean RMSE between presurgical and postsurgical stone casts arches with 4 versus 6 implants were found to be significant (p = 0.01).ConclusionsAccording to the results of the study and based on the amount of 3D deviations between the digitally planned implant positions and the actually placed implants, template‐guided surgery is a safe treatment modality for implant placement in edentulous arches.
Therapeutic effects of Qianlie Tongli decoction on chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome induced by peptide T2 in mice
Authors: Cui Xingxing , Naveed Muhammad , Baig Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf , Wang Wenlu , Mikrani Reyaj , Liu Ziwei , Ahmad Bilal , Tang Meng , Wazir Junaid , Zhou Xiaohui , Han Lei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study was undertaken to reveal therapeutic effects and the preliminary mechanism of Chinese medicine formula Qianlie Tongli decoction (QTD) in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).

Methods
A total of 50 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups. All groups except the control group were injected subcutaneously T2 peptide emulsion, which induced the CP/CPPS model. After the induction of CP/CPPS, the model group was given normal saline by oral gavage while low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups were treated with Chinese medicine formula. Micturition habits and pain behaviour of mice were analysed for each group. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to investigate prostate inflammation. The serum level of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

Key findings
Chinese medicine formula significantly reduced the number of urine spots and improved pain response frequency in the medium-dose and high-dose group. The high-dose group showed reduced considerably inflammatory lesion and inflammatory cell infiltration than the low-dose and medium-dose groups. Serum levels of TNF-α in the high-dose group were significantly reduced compared with the model group.

Conclusions
The results demonstrated the therapeutic effects of Qianlie Tongli decoction in CP/CPPS mice by analysing clinically relevant symptoms (urinary tract system, pelvic pain and prostate inflammation) and preliminarily explored the inflammatory-related treatment mechanisms by measuring TNF-α.
Autologous cancer cell vaccination, adoptiveT‐cell transfer, and interleukin‐2 administration results in long‐term survival for companion dogs with osteosarcoma
Authors: Flesner Brian K. , Wood Gary W. , Gayheart‐Walsten Pamela , Sonderegger F. Lynn , Henry Carolyn J. , Tate Deborah J. , Bechtel Sandra M. , Donnelly Lindsay L. , Johnson Gayle C. , Kim Dae Young , Wahaus Tammie A. , Bryan Jeffrey N. , Reyes Noe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundOsteosarcoma (OSA) in dogs is an aggressive bone tumor with frequent chemotherapy failure and translational relevance for human health.Hypothesis/ObjectivesWe hypothesized that dogs with OSA could be treated safely by ex vivo activated T‐cells that were generated by autologous cancer vaccination and supported by interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) treatment with survival more than twice that reported for amputation alone.AnimalsOsteosarcoma‐bearing dogs (n = 14) were enrolled in a single‐arm prospective trial after complete staging before amputation. Four healthy dogs also were treated in a safety study.MethodsAutologous cancer cell vaccinations were administered intradermally and dogs underwent leukapheresis. Mononuclear cell products were stimulated ex vivo with a T‐cell‐activating agent. Activated product was transfused and 5 SC IL‐2 injections were administered q48h. Dogs were monitored for metastasis by thoracic radiography every 3 months.ResultsAutologous cancer cell vaccine and activated cellular therapy (ACT) products were successfully generated. Toxicity was minimal after premedicants were instituted before ACT. With premedication, all toxicities were grade I/II. Median disease‐free interval for all dogs was 213 days. One dog developed cutaneous metastasis but then experienced spontaneous complete remission. Median survival time for all dogs was 415 days. Five dogs survived >730 days.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis immunotherapy protocol without cytotoxic chemotherapy is safe and tolerable. Compared to historical amputation reports, survival was notably prolonged in this group of patients. Additional prospective studies are warranted to elucidate active immunologic mechanisms and further improve disease response and survival.
Effects of climate change on treeline trees in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest, Central Himalaya)
Authors: Pandey Sudip , Cherubini Paolo , Saurer Matthias , Carrer Marco , Petit Giai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuestionTree growth at high altitude in the Himalayan region is limited by cold temperatures and also strongly influenced by the seasonality of the Asian monsoon. Understanding whether the ongoing increase in temperatures and changes in precipitation regimes in the Himalayan region can stimulate or limit tree growth is of particular importance to predict the local treeline dynamics.LocationAltitudinal treeline (~4000 m a.s.l.) in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (Central Himalaya, Eastern Nepal).MethodsWe assessed the relationships between ring widths and monthly precipitations and mean temperatures, and analysed cellulose stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) and their derived C discrimination (Δ13C), and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) in Abies spectabilis and Betula utilis at the Himalayan treeline.ResultsGrowth of A. spectabilis strongly depended on summer temperatures, whereas that of B. utilis on spring precipitation. δ13C and iWUE increased with time in both species, especially in A. spectabilis. The long‐term decrease in Δ13C was accompanied by an increase in δ18O in both species, thus suggesting an increase in photosynthetic efficiency rather than a stronger stomatal control of transpiration.ConclusionsClimate change is progressively reducing the physiological limitations due to low temperatures and low spring precipitations at the Central Himalayan treeline, thus potentially facilitating a further altitudinal forest advance.
Scientific evidence underlying contraindications to the ketogenic diet: An update
Authors: Watanabe Mikiko , Tuccinardi Dario , Ernesti Ilaria , Basciani Sabrina , Mariani Stefania , Genco Alfredo , Manfrini Silvia , Lubrano Carla , Gnessi Lucio 
Published: July 2020

SummaryFirst identified as a feasible treatment for intractable epilepsy, the ketogenic diet (KD) has recently gained popularity thanks to growing evidence on applications such as weight loss, most importantly, but also NAFLD, cancer, neurologic conditions and chronic pain. As with any treatment, whether pharmacologic or not, the KD might not be an appropriate intervention for every individual, and a number of contraindications have been proposed, now deeply rooted into clinical practice, excluding de facto many patients that could benefit from its use. However, many of these concerns were expressed due to the absence of clinical studies conducted on fragile populations, and an assessment of lately emerged evidence relative to KD safety is currently lacking and much needed. We herein provide a critical revision of the literature behind each safety alert, in order to guide through the treatment options in the case of subjects with an indication to the KD and a borderline safe situation. Based on available evidence, the possible use of this diet as a therapeutic intervention should be assessed on a patient‐to‐patient basis by adequately skilled medical doctors, keeping in mind current recommendations, but reading them through the knowledge of the current state of the art.
Criminal Threat, Immigrant/Minority Threat, and Political Ideology: An Examination of Handgun Permits Across Texas Counties
Authors: Costanza S. E. , Helms Ronald , Kilburn John C. , Bowers David A. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the extent to which crime, Hispanic‐to‐white population changes, black‐to‐white population changes, and conservative political appeals affect gun permit application rates across Texas counties.MethodsThis article uses spatial lag regression and robust regression with county‐level data to assess structural sources of variation in handgun permitting across Texas counties in 2016.ConclusionsSpatial and robust regression model results confirm that median incomes, Republican votes, and rising rates of Hispanic‐to‐white populations are significant predictors of handgun permit application rates. The results call attention to the centrality of Hispanic threat and the prevalence of partisan politics in aggregate permit‐seeking processes.
School Geography under COVID‐19: Geographical Knowledge in the German Formal Education
Authors: Bagoly‐Simó Péter , Hartmann Johanna , Reinke Verena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to explore some of the changes affecting the teaching and learning of secondary geography as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic. In doing so, it sets a focus on geographical knowledge and its alteration in times of extraordinary measures to diagnose its challenges. Against the background of current debates on competence‐ and standard‐based education from the sociology and history of education as well as from geography education, problem‐centred interviews served to explore the perspectives of 15 German secondary school teachers on the alterations their Geography teaching suffered since the COVID‐19 lockdown. Analytical categories were general challenges, communication with stakeholders, educational media usage, and the role of COVID‐19 in geographical knowledge acquisition. The results uncovered, along with systemic challenges, two main areas in need of consideration to redefine subject‐specific knowledge in times of competence‐based education, namely geography teachers' professional identity and perspectives on the role of geographical competencies.
Gonioscopic iridocorneal angle morphology and incidence of postoperative ocular hypertension and glaucoma in dogs following cataract surgery
Authors: Zibura Ashley E. , Robertson James B. , Westermeyer Hans D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the relationship between gonioscopic iridocorneal angle (ICA) morphology and the incidence of postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) and postoperative glaucoma in dogs undergoing cataract surgery.Animals studiedRetrospective analysis of 138 eyes of 78 canine patients who underwent phacoemulsification at North Carolina State University from December 1, 2015 through April 30, 2017.MethodsMedical records of all phacoemulsification patients with preoperative RetCam gonioscopic images were reviewed for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables. Gonioscopic angle indices were calculated using a novel (ZibWest) angle grading system, and these indices were analyzed for outcome‐related significance.ResultsIncreased surgeon experience was associated with increased probability of POH and vision loss. Higher average ZibWest Angle indices (ie, more open angles with less pectinate ligament dysplasia/ abnormality) were associated with a significantly decreased probability of medically unresponsive glaucoma. Increased patient age was significantly associated with an increased probability of both postoperative glaucoma and vision loss. Female dogs were significantly more likely to experience postoperative glaucoma compared to male dogs. Increased surgery time was significantly associated with increased probability of vision loss.ConclusionsThe ZibWest angle index may predict increased risk for developing medically unresponsive glaucoma with cataract surgery. Female sex, and increased patient age, surgical time, and surgeon experience were associated with increased postoperative morbidity.
Physical activity and advanced cancer: evidence of exercise‐sensitive genes regulating prostate cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis
Authors: Schwappacher Raphaela , Schink Kristin , Sologub Svetlana , Dieterich Walburga , Reljic Dejan , Friedrich Oliver , Herrmann Hans J. , Neurath Markus F. , Zopf Yurdagül 
Published: July 2020

Key points
Physical activity is known to protect against cancer.
The resistance exercise method whole‐body electromyostimulation (WB‐EMS) has a significant anti‐cancer effect.
WB‐EMS‐conditioned serum from advanced prostate cancer patients decreased human prostate carcinoma cell growth and viability in vitro.
Multiplex analysis revealed that genes associated with human prostate cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis are sensitive for exercise.
Feasible exercise should be part of multimodal anti‐cancer therapies, also for physically weakened patients.
AbstractRegular physical activity is known to protect against cancer development. In cancer survivors, exercise reduces the risk of cancer recurrence and mortality. However, the link between exercise and decreased cancer risk and improved survival is still not well understood. Serum from exercising healthy individuals inhibits proliferation and activates apoptosis in various cancer cells, suggesting that mechanisms regulating cancer cell growth are affected by exercise. For the first time, we analysed serum from advanced‐stage cancer patients with prostate (exercise group n = 8; control group n = 10) or colorectal (exercise n = 6; control n = 6) cancer, after a 12‐week whole‐body electromyostimulation training (20 min/session, 2×/week; frequency 85 Hz; pulse width 350 µs; 6 s stimulation, 4 s rest), a tolerable, yet effective, resistance exercise for physically weakened patients. We report that serum from these advanced cancer patients inhibits proliferation and enhances apoptosis of human prostate and colon cancer cells in vitro using cell growth and death assays (5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation, cell counting, DNA fragmentation). Exercise‐mimicking electric pulse stimulation of human primary myotubes showed that electric pulse stimulation‐conditioned myotube medium also impairs human cancer cell viability. Gene expression analysis using a multiplex array of cancer‐associated genes and subsequent quantitative RT‐PCR revealed the presence of exercise‐sensitive genes in human prostate cancer cells that potentially participate in the exercise‐mediated regulation of malignant cell growth and apoptosis. Our data document the strong efficiency of the anti‐oncogenic effects of physical activity and will further support the application of regular therapeutic exercise during cancer disease.
Apathy, but not depression, predicts all-cause dementia in cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Tay Jonathan , Morris Robin G , Tuladhar Anil M , Husain Masud , de Leeuw Frank-Erik , Markus Hugh S 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo determine whether apathy or depression predicts all-cause dementia in small vessel disease (SVD) patients.MethodsAnalyses used two prospective cohort studies of SVD: St. George’s Cognition and Neuroimaging in Stroke (SCANS; n=121) and Radboud University Nijmegen Diffusion Tensor and Magnetic Resonance Cohort (RUN DMC; n=352). Multivariate Cox regressions were used to predict dementia using baseline apathy and depression scores in both datasets. Change in apathy and depression was used to predict dementia in a subset of 104 participants with longitudinal data from SCANS. All models were controlled for age, education and cognitive function.ResultsBaseline apathy scores predicted dementia in SCANS (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.11, p=0.024) and RUN DMC (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.09, p=0.007). Increasing apathy was associated with dementia in SCANS (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.17, p=0.017). In contrast, baseline depression and change in depression did not predict dementia in either dataset. Including apathy in predictive models of dementia improved model fit.ConclusionsApathy, but not depression, may be a prodromal symptom of dementia in SVD, and may be useful in identifying at-risk individuals.