bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of nutrition interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A meta-review
Authors: Rana Ritu , Menon Kavitha , Puthussery Shuby , Ravalia Anal , Panchal Pooja , Vaze Gauri , Tseng Pei-Ching , Mavalankar Dileep 
Published: March 2020

Background: Undernutrition remains an unfinished agenda for a majority of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Numerous nutrition interventions have been implemented in LMICs and various indicators have been used to measure the impact of these interventions. The aim of this meta-review was to summarise the findings on the effectiveness of various nutrition interventions that have been implemented in LMICs on the WHO global nutrition targets-related outcomes. The six outcomes are- reducing stunting, wasting, anemia among women of reproductive age, low birthweight, childhood overweight, and improving exclusive breastfeeding. This study presents the results for one of the outcomes (stunting).
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search on 21 electronic databases, including six regional and four systematic reviews (SRs) specific databases. Two researchers independently screened identified records against the inclusion criteria. Quality of included SRs were assessed using the AMSTAR tool. Extracted data were narratively synthesised examining the direction of impact. The review protocol was registered with the EPPI-Centre.
Results: Of 6,597 SRs initially identified, 28 SRs that assessed outcomes of WHO global nutrition targets-related outcomes were eligible for inclusion. We found 12 SRs that assessed stunting outcomes, these SRs synthesised 68 quantitative primary studies, from 29 LMICs. All included SRs were of high quality. Eight nutrition interventions were reported in the included SRs- five nutrition-specific (n=9) and three nutrition-sensitive (n=3). Among all interventions, two nutrition-specific (complementary feeding: n=1; dietary supplementation: n=2) interventions showed a positive effect.
Conclusion: This meta-review identified, two interventions, complementary feeding and dietary supplementation, with most frequently reported evidence of positive impact on stunting. In LMICs, public health policymakers should consider these two interventions for scaling-up.
Corporate sponsorship and health halo for ultra-processed products
Authors: Piaggio Laura Raquel , Solans Andrea Monica 
Published: March 2020

Objective
To describe the characteristics of corporate sponsorship during the 21st International Congress of Nutrition provided by food companies, and to analyse the measures proposed by the organizers to deal with prospective conflicts of interest.
Design
Qualitative study based on participant observation and document analysis.
Setting
21st International Congress of Nutrition, Buenos Aires, October 2017.
Analysis
The nutritional profile of the products advertised in the area of commercial exhibition was analysed according to the PAHO Nutrient Profile Model. The document analysis was based on the grounded theory to propose conceptual categories that organize the narratives on the aforementioned products.
Results
Large food corporations sponsoring the Congress advertised a selection of their products to health professionals and other participants attending the event. 92% of the exhibited food products were ultra-processed. 85% were high in added sugars, sodium, and/or saturated fats. Despite this unsuitable nutritional profile, narratives to endow ultra-processed products with a health halo were developed through three thematic axes: fortification with micro-nutrients, reformulation of products and symbolic reconversion of snacks by creating a positive assessment and removing negative connotations.
The measures adopted by the organization to deal with prospective conflicts of interests included space-time segmentation of activities and the requirement for the lecturers to submit a statement declaring their funding sources limited to each presentation. Space-time restrictions proved insufficient, and the declaration of funding sources was not a requirement for institutions organizing the symposia.
Conclusions
The influence of corporate sponsorship by food companies in the topics of scientific debate and dietary recommendations leads to questioning the efficacy of the measures adopted by the organizers to deal with the conflicts of interests. Said measures have been characterized as an institutionalized opacity policy.
It is necessary to define stricter standards to prevent sponsorship from companies that commercialize unhealthy products and/or that advertise products in an unsuitable way.
Site-specific fertilization approach increased productivity of rainfed ‘Ataúlfo’ mango
Authors: Salazar-García Samuel , Ibarra-Estrada Martha Elva , Hernández-Valdés Edgardo Federico , Medina-Torres Raúl , Fregoso-Tirado Luis Enrique 
Published: March 2020

There is considerable diversity in fertilization management of ‘Ataúlfo’ mango (Mangifera indica L.) in the state of Nayarit, Mexico, and there is no systematic information available in this regard. The aim of this research was to evaluate the medium-term effect (2010‑14) of the site-specif ic fertilization approach on fruit yield and size in ‘Ataúlfo’ mango grown under rainfed conditions (annual average summer rainfall 1300-1450 mm). Two commercial orchards at 8 × 8 m spacing, one each in San Blas and Compostela municipalities in Nayarit were chosen. Fertilization treatments were: 1) Normal dose, which considered tree nutrient demand, periods of maximum root growth, nutrients provided by the soil, leaf nutrient concentrations and fertilization eff iciency; 2) High dose (1.5 times the normal dose); 3) Control, annual application of 3 kg per tree of 17-17-17 (N, P2O5, K2O). Soil and leaf samples were taken for nutrient analysis throughout the study. Treatments were randomly applied to 20 single tree-replicates at each orchard. For cumulative yield and fruit size a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (orchards × treatments) was used. For leaf nutrient concentrations, the year and fertilization treatments effect was analyzed using 10 replicates per treatment. Means comparison was performed with the Waller-Duncan test (P ≤ 0.05). The Normal dose increased yield 38% as compared to the Control, as well as fruit size. The highest total fruit yield and C22 (196-220 g) and C20 (221-250 g), as well as the highest cost-benef it, were obtained with the Normal dose. This treatment consisted of applying per year and tree, depending on the orchard, 509-608 g N, 21-206 g P, 132-582 g K, 19-234 g Mg, 6.5-18 g Fe, 6-46 g Mn, 2-6 g Zn and 3-13 g B.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Aortic Function Evaluation in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Guala Andrea , Teixido-Turá Gisela , Evangelista Arturo , Rodriguez-Palomares Jose 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThoracic aortic aneurysm is a common cardiovascular disease consisting of marked dilation of the aorta. Aortic aneurysms carry a high risk of life-threatening complications such as aortic dissection or rupture. Classically, maximum aortic diameter has been used as the sole descriptor of aneurysm severity and is considered the main predictor of complications. However, maximum aortic diameter measurement is often poorly reproducible and about 60% of type A and 80% of type B aortic dissections occurred in patients with an aortic diameter inferior to that recommended for the indication of elective surgical treatment. Therefore, new biomarkers for risk stratification in thoracic aortic aneurysm are needed. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a non-invasive imaging technique widely used for diagnosis, clinical follow-up and research in thoracic aortic aneurysms. CMR applications to thoracic aortic aneurysms are generally based on either cine CMR images, which are time-resolved images providing dynamic structural visualization, or phase-contrast images, which utilise a flow-encoding gradient to assess time-resolved velocity data. Particularly with 3D velocity encoding (4D flow MRI), phase-contrast imaging permits detailed study of haemodynamic in thoracic aortic aneurysms while cine CMR is often used to assess aortic geometry and its changes through the cardiac cycle or during follow-up. The possibilities offered by CMR for studying thoracic aortic aneurysms and a description of their applications in Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) and Marfan patients are here reviewed.
Методичні аспекти планування розвитку систем озброєння протиповітряної оборони в умовах ресурсного обмеження
Authors: Турінський О.В. , Демідов Б.О. , Гриб Д.А. , Хмелевська О.О. 
Published: March 2020

У статті виділяються аспекти і положення підготовки і реалізації планів і програм розвитку складних систем військового призначення. Значна увага приділена напрямку визначення шляхів заощадження ресурсів для створення нових систем багатовартісних зразків озброєння і військової техніки.
У статті виділяються деякі положення з позитивного досвіду, які б могли бути результативно застосованими у практиці підготовки і реалізації планів і програм розвитку системи озброєння протиповітряної оборони держави з урахуванням специфічних особливостей існуючих обмежень різного характеру, у тому числі організаційних і фінансових.
Перспективна багатопозиційна система протиповітряної оборони має включати до себе новітні вогневі засоби, засоби розвідки, управління і забезпечення з бережливими їх життєвими циклами, а система озброєнь протиповітряної оборони у цілому має мати свій бережливий керований життєвий цикл. Реалізація планів і програм розвитку має бути зорієнтована на виконання цих вимог.
Концепція розвитку системи озброєння протиповітряної оборони має у системній єдності відображувати оперативно-стратегічні й оперативно-тактичні потреби, науково-технічні можливості і воєнно-економічну доцільність реалізації запланованих напрямків вдосконалення і розвитку системи озброєння у програмному періоді часу.
Розробка і виробництво нових і вдосконалення існуючих зразків ОВТ має декілька їх варіантів реалізації, а саме – це революційний і еволюційний варіанти і глибокої, середньої і незначної модернізації.
La etnobotánica Aonik’enk (Tehuelches de Santa Cruz, Argentina) inédita de Raúl Martínez Crovetto: Fitonimia, correspondencias botánicas y análisis nomenclatural
Authors: Scarpa Gustavo Fabián , Anconatani Leonardo Martín , Rosso Cintia Natalia , Huircapán Néstor Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Introducción y objetivo: En el Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE) se hallaron valiosos datos inéditos de Raúl Martínez Crovetto (M.C.) -pionero de las investigaciones etnobotánicas en Argentina- sobre la etnobotánica aonik’enk registrados durante 1967 en la provincia de Santa Cruz. El objetivo de esta primera contribución es analizar e interpretar el voluminoso conjunto de informaciones que M.C. ha relevado sobre la fitonimia Aoni’kenk, a los fines de contribuir al patrimonio cultural de este pueblo y a la comprensión de su etnobotánica.
M&M: La metodología empleada es la correspondiente a la “etnobotánica histórica”, la cual considera a los datos del pasado como una fuente de información primaria sobre los cuales se aplica el método etnobotánico clásico.
Resultados: Se comprueba que M.C. registra un total de 105 fitónimos aonik’enk que se emplean para denominar a 165 taxa botánicos (la mayoría de ellos -88.5 %- nativos), en un total de 236 correspondencias. El análisis semántico de la nomenclatura vernácula consigna 45 lexemas primarios, 10 lexemas secundarios y 28 nombres metafórico-descriptivos, además de 22 préstamos de traducción y absolutos re-fonologizados tomados de otras lenguas.
Conclusiones: Se destacan la puesta en valor, el análisis y las implicancias etnotaxonómicas de la cuantiosa información referida, así como su actualización y datos originales aportados por los autores.
ARCHETYPES AND IMAGES OF THE KAZAKH NATIONAL CULTURE IN CREATIVITY
CONTEMPORARY ARTISTS
Authors: Krykbaeva S.M. , Abdurahmanova G.A. , Bakirova L.Sh. 
Published: March 2020

Background. reveals art analysis of archetypes and artistic images reflecting the Kazakh national culture in the paintings of modern artists of Kazakhstan The ways of art history analysis have been revealed for the most characteristic archetypes and artistic images of the Kazakh national culture, which are revealed by modern Kazakhstani artists in their paintings. A typological method is suggested in studying the development of contemporary contemporary art in Kazakhstan. The revival of the traditional worldview in the modern art of Kazakhstan is justified.
Scientific novelty is connected with the historical and art history analysis of symbolizing, ethnosign functions of culture on the basis of reconstruction of the sign-symbolic system of the pictorial type, through which an interpretation of various types of contemporary art of Kazakhstan is given. Contemporary art of Kazakhstan is characterized by the integration of various types, genres and styles, while the development of the world by new means is carried out through signs and symbols established in the context of traditional culture.
The performed art history analysis indicates that the sign-symbolic system of the Tengrian world picture is actively and quite fully implemented in various types and genres of modern art in Kazakhstan. In the works of contemporary artists, along with geometrics, signs and symbols of the animated world (plant and zoomorphic) are used, relevant in the aspect of the ecology of culture, as an answer to the global challenges of our time. The results are significant for theoretical and practical understanding of the problem under consideration, in particular, for Евразийский Союз Ученых (ЕСУ) # 2(71), 2020	5 deepening the description and analysis of works of art by Kazakh artists, as well as for further systematic analysis of works with elements of archetypal motifs and mythological images. Article materials can be used in training courses of art faculties and specialties
La formation à l’enseignement dans une communauté enseignante. Les Frères des écoles chrétiennes du Québec 1837–1980
Authors: Aubin Paul 
Published: March 2020

RÉSUMÉ Fondée en France à la n du 17e siècle pour l’instruction des garçons des classes laborieuses vivant en milieu urbain, la communauté des Frères des écoles s’implante au Québec à l’automne 1837 avec l’ouverture d’une première école. Héritière d’une longue tradition pédagogique, elle implante ici l’usage de l’enseignement simultané auquel elle joint quelques pratiques de l’enseignement mutuel déjà pratiqué au Québec. Pour contrer l’absence de toute école normale, elle commence par former ses propres recrues pour ensuite offrir le même service aux professeurs laïcs de même qu’à des communautés de sœurs enseignantes sans tradition dans l’enseignement. À partir du début de la décennie 1920, la communauté adopte les programmes des écoles normales gérées par le Département de l’instruction permettant ainsi aux religieux de se munir des mêmes diplômes d’enseignement que les instituteurs laïcs. En n, les frères se perfectionnent dans les rares structures universitaires dispensant des cours de pédagogie avant de fonder leur propre institut universitaire, l’Institut pédagogique Saint-Georges. Cette étude aborde, dans un premier temps, les structures dans lesquelles s’est enseignée la pédagogie chez les frères des écoles chrétiennes du Québec. La description du cadre dans lequel elle s’est enseignée devrait servir de préliminaire à une analyse du discours sur la pédagogie tel qu’exprimé dans les écrits de la communauté. ABSTRACT Founded in France at the end of the seventeenth century for the education of boys from the urban working-class, the Brothers of the Christian Schools—les frères des écoles chrétiennes—opened their rst school in Québec in the autumn of 1837. Drawing on a long teaching tradition, the order was responsible for introducing the use of simultaneous instruction, which they blended with certain techniques of mutual instruction already being employed in Québec. To make up for the absence of a normal school, the Brothers trained their own instructors; they would later offer the same service to lay educators and those orders of teaching sisters without a tradition of teacher instruction. Beginning in the early 1920s, the order adopted the curriculum used in the normal schools run by the Department of Education, thereby permitting religious educators to obtain the same teaching diplomas as lay instructors. Finally, after studying at the few university institutions that offered courses in pedagogy, the Brothers founded their own, l’Institut pédagogique Saint-Georges. This study examines, first of all, the structures within which the Brothers of the Christian Schools taught educational methods. A description of this organizational framework should serve as an introduction to the discourse on pedagogy as expressed in the writings of the community.
James Bartlett Edmonson and the Mid-Twentieth-Century Crusade against For-Profit Colleges: An Episode of Ignorance-Making in the United States
Authors: Angulo A.J. 
Published: March 2020

The nineteen-fifties—a decade of civil rights litigation, Cold War intrigue, and red scare McCarthyism—was also a period racked with controversies over for-profit colleges and universities (FPCUs) in the United States. This paper explores the work of James Bartlett Edmonson and his circle of mid-twentieth-century FPCU critics. Edmonson, a School of Education dean at the University of Michigan during the nineteen-fifties, became one of the most prominent voices against what he described as “shysters” and “sheepskinners” in proprietary higher education. His work exposing FPCU fraud, corruption, and predatory schemes at the national level won him allies at the National Education Association and the Federal Trade Commission. It also created powerful enemies among independent college associations, home study groups, and religiously affiliated institutions. This paper contributes to the literature by engaging with an underdeveloped episode in higher education history and by locating this case study within the emerging field of ignorance studies. Sources for this study were drawn from the James B. Edmonson Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan; Research Division Collection, National Education Association, Gelman Library, George Washington University; and published primary source documents in state and national periodicals. RésuméLes années 1950 – une décennie de litiges en matière de droits civils, d’intrigue de la Guerre froide, et de « peur rouge » maccarthyste – ont aussi été une période marquée par les controverses sur les collèges et les universités à but lucratif (FPCU) aux États-Unis. Cet article explore le travail de James Bartlett Edmonson et son cercle de critiques des FPCU au milieu du 20e siècle. Doyen de l’École d’éducation de l’Université du Michigan dans les années 1950, Edmonson est devenu l’une des voix les plus importantes contre ce qu’il qualifiait de « shysters » et de « sheepskinners » dans l’éducation supérieure à but lucratif. Son travail révélant la fraude, la corruption et les procédés prédateurs des FPCU au niveau fédéral lui a permis de trouver des alliés au sein de la National Education Association et de la Federal Trade Commission. Il s’est également fait des ennemis puissants parmi les associations de collèges indépendants, les groupes d’éducation à domicile, et les établissements d’affiliation religieuse. Cet article contribue à la littérature en abordant un épisode méconnu de l’histoire de l’éducation supérieure et en situant cette étude de cas dans le champ émergeant des études de l’ignorance. Les sources de cette étude sont tirées des James B. Edmonson Papers de la Bentley Historical Library à l’Université du Michigan; de la Research Division Collection, National Education Association, de la Gelman Library à l’Université George Washington; de même que de sources primaires publiées dans des périodiques nationaux ou d’États fédérés.
Gaining Nationhood: A Comparative Analysis of Images Found in Ontario and Quebec History Textbooks, 1920 to 1948
Authors: Duquette Catherine , Fine-Meyer Rose 
Published: March 2020

The centenary of the beginning of the First World War has seen renewed global attention to the war. A proliferation of scholarly works, commemorative public events, documentaries, and museum exhibits dedicated to the war ensured that the participating nations reaffirmed messages of service and sacrifice. The global response provides some insight into how nations crafted the memory of the war and the links made between remembrance and national identity. The Canadian War Museum, along with various state commemorations, encased the events of the war within narratives of heroism and sacrifice, most recently with the celebratory focus on the Battle of Vimy Ridge. This renewed interest in the war inspired this study, which explores how the war was portrayed in Ontario and Quebec history textbooks in the immediate post-war decades. This project argues that an analysis of both the textual narratives and the visual culture portrayed in history textbooks helps us better understand messages of nationhood in Canada. Through an examination of history textbooks that were approved in Ontario and Quebec between 1920 and 1948, we seek to uncover what the Ontario Department of Education, the Catholic church, and publishers felt were important for students in schools to remember about Canada’s participation in the war.RésuméLe centenaire du début de la Première Guerre mondiale a contribué à renouveler l’intérêt du public pour la Grande Guerre. On observe alors une prolifération des ouvrages académiques, des événements commémoratifs publics, des documentaires et des expositions muséales qui y sont dédiés et dont le but est de réaffirmer le message de service et de sacrifice des États qui y ont pris part. Ces ouvrages et événements donnent un aperçu de comment les nations construisent leur mémoire de la guerre ainsi que des liens tissés entre le devoir de mémoire et l’identité nationale. Le Musée canadien de la guerre, ainsi que plusieurs commémorations gouvernementales, synthétisent les événements de la Grande Guerre dans un récit d’héroïsme et de sacrifice. Un exemple récent de cela est l’intérêt porté à la bataille de la crête de Vimy. Cet intérêt renouvelé envers la Grande Guerre a inspiré cette étude qui explore comment celle-ci a été représentée dans les manuels scolaires de l’Ontario et du Québec dans les décennies suivants la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale. Ce projet propose qu’une analyse des manuels centrés sur les récits textuels et de la culture visuelle aide à mieux comprendre les messages associés à la construction de la nation canadienne. À partir d’un examen des manuels scolaires approuvés pour l’Ontario et ceux disponibles pour le Québec entre les années 1920 et 1948, nous cherchons à découvrir ce que le Département de l’Éducation de l’Ontario, l’Église Catholique et les maisons d’éditions considéraient comme étant importants à ce souvenir à propos de la participation du Canada à la Première Guerre mondiale.