bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assurance for clinical trial design with normally distributed outcomes: Eliciting uncertainty about variances
Authors: Alhussain Ziyad A. , Oakley Jeremy E. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe assurance method is growing in popularity in clinical trial planning. The method involves eliciting a prior distribution for the treatment effect, and then calculating the probability that a proposed trial will produce a “successful” outcome. For normally distributed observations, uncertainty about the variance of the normal distribution also needs to be accounted for, but there is little guidance in the literature on how to elicit a distribution for a variance parameter. We present a simple elicitation method, and illustrate how the elicited distribution is incorporated within an assurance calculation. We also consider multi‐stage trials, where a decision to proceed with a larger trial will follow from the outcome of a smaller trial; we illustrate the role of the elicited distribution in assessing the information provided by a proposed smaller trial. Free software is available for implementing our methods.
YouTube as a source of patient information for Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19): A content‐quality and audience engagement analysis
Authors: Szmuda Tomasz , Syed Mohammad Talha , Singh Akshita , Ali Shan , Özdemir Cathrine , Słoniewski Paweł 
Published: June 2020

SummaryYouTube is the second most popular website in the world and is increasingly being used as a platform for disseminating health information. Our aim was to evaluate the content‐quality and audience engagement of YouTube videos pertaining to the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)‐CoV‐2 virus which causes the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19), during the early phase of the pandemic. We chose the first 30 videos for seven different search phrases: “2019 nCoV,” “SARS CoV‐2,” “COVID‐19 virus,” “coronavirus treatment,” “coronavirus explained,” “what is the coronavirus” and “coronavirus information.” Video contents were evaluated by two independent medical students with more than 5 years of experience using the DISCERN instrument. Qualitative data, quantitative data and upload source for each video was noted for a quality and audience engagement analysis. Out of the total 210 videos, 137 met our inclusion criteria and were evaluated. The mean DISCERN score was 31.33 out of 75 possible points, which indicates that the quality of YouTube videos on COVID‐19 is currently poor. There was excellent reliability between the two raters (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.96). 55% of the videos discussed prevention, 49% discussed symptoms and 46% discussed the spread of the virus. Most of the videos were uploaded by news channels (50%) and education channels (40%). The quality of YouTube videos on SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19 is poor, however, we have listed the top‐quality videos in our article as they may be effective tools for patient education during the pandemic.
CD34+CD146+ adipose-derived stromal cells enhance engraftment of transplanted fat
Authors: Borrelli Mimi R. , Patel Ronak A. , Blackshear Charles , Vistnes Stephanie , Diaz Deleon Nestor M. , Adem Sandeep , Shen Abra H. , Sokol Jan , Momeni Arash , Nguyen Dung , Longaker Michael T. , Wan Derrick C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFat grafting is a surgical technique able to reconstruct and regenerate soft tissue. The adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) within the stromal vascular fraction are believed to drive these beneficial effects. ASCs are increasingly recognized to be a heterogeneous group, comprised of multiple stem and progenitor subpopulations with distinct functions. We hypothesized the existence of an ASC subpopulation with enhanced angiogenic potential. Human ASCs that were CD34+CD146+, CD34+CD146−, or CD34+ unfractionated (UF) were isolated by flow cytometry for comparison of expression of proangiogenic factors and endothelial tube-forming potential. Next, lipoaspirate was enriched with either CD34+CD146+, CD34+CD146−, CD34+ UF ASCs, or was not enriched, and grafted beneath the scalp skin of immunodeficient CD-1 Nude mice (10 000 cells/200 μL/graft). Fat retention was monitored radiographically more than 8 weeks and fat grafts were harvested for histological assessment of quality and vascularization. The CD34+CD146+ subpopulation comprised ~30% of ASCs, and exhibited increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 compared to CD34+CD146− and CD34+ UF ASCs, and increased expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 compared to CD34+CD146− ASCs. The CD34+CD146+ subpopulation exhibited enhanced induction of tube-formation compared to CD34+CD146− ASCs. Upon transplantation, fat enriched CD34+CD146+ ASCs underwent less resorption and had improved histologic quality and vascularization. We have identified a subpopulation of CD34+ ASCs with enhanced angiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo, likely mediated by increased expression of potent proangiogenic factors. These findings suggest that enriching lipoaspirate with CD34+CD146+ ASCs may enhance fat graft vascularization and retention in the clinical setting.
Tunable Photo‐Electrochemistry of Patterned TiO2/BDD Heterojunctions
Authors: Jian Ze , Yang Nianjun , Vogel Michael , Zhou Zhaoyu , Zhao Guohua , Kienitz Paul , Schulte Anna , Schönherr Holger , Jiao Tianpeng , Zhang Wenjun , Jiang Xin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHeterojunctions are especially attractive for photo‐electrocatalytic applications if both high‐performance photo and electrocatalysts are employed for their construction. Herein, a p–n heterojunction is synthesized using uniform patterns of p‐type boron doped diamond (BDD) and an n‐type anatase TiO2 film. The exposure ratios of the BDD patterns are varied to tune the photo‐electrocatalytic abilities of this heterojunction. A heterojunction with a BDD exposure ratio of 20% exhibits a photocurrent density of 0.63 mA cm−2, which is 2.86‐fold higher than that obtained on a BDD film and 1.91‐fold higher than that obtained on a TiO2 film coated on a BDD film. It completely degrades methyl orange within 4 h, following the application of a 2.5 V bias potential, while the degradation efficiency on the BDD film and the TiO2 film is 56% and 45%, respectively. As confirmed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy, an accelerated production rate of •OH radicals is realized on this heterojunction. It originates from a synergistic effect between the BDD patterns that act as an ultra‐microelectrode array with a TiO2/BDD p–n heterojunction as well as facilitated charge separation in a lateral direction. This TiO2/BDD patterned heterojunction is thus promising as a new photo‐electrocatalyst for various catalytic applications.
A scalable framework for healthcare monitoring application using the Internet of Medical Things
Authors: Balasubramanian Venki , Jolfaei Alireza 
Published: June 2020

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) is finding application in many areas, particularly in health care where an IoT can be effectively used in the form of an Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to monitor the patients remotely. The quality of life of the patients and health care outcomes can be improved with the deployment of an IoMT because health care professionals can monitor conditions; access the electronic medical records and communicates with each other. This remote monitoring and consultations might reduce the traditional stressful and costly exercise of frequent hospitalization. Also, the rising costs of health care in many developed countries have influenced the introduction of the Healthcare Monitoring Application (HMA) to their existing health care practices. To materialize the HMA concepts for successful deployment for civilian and commercial use with ease, application developers can benefit from a generic, scalable framework that provides significant components for building an HMA. In this chapter, a generic maintainable HMA is advanced by amalgamating the advantages of event‐driven and the layered architecture. The proposed framework is used to establish an HMA with an end‐to‐end Assistive Care Loop Framework (ACLF) to provide a real‐time alarm and assistance to monitor pregnant women.
The Area Deprivation Index: A novel tool for harmonizable risk assessment in Alzheimer's disease research
Authors: Zuelsdorff Megan , Larson Jamie L. , Hunt Jack F. V. , Kim Alice J. , Koscik Rebecca L. , Buckingham William R. , Gleason Carey E. , Johnson Sterling C. , Asthana Sanjay , Rissman Robert A. , Bendlin Barbara B. , Kind Amy J. H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionResidence in a disadvantaged neighborhood associates with adverse health exposures and outcomes, and may increase risk for cognitive impairment and dementia. Utilization of a publicly available, geocoded disadvantage metric could facilitate efficient integration of social determinants of health into models of cognitive aging.MethodsUsing the validated Area Deprivation Index and two cognitive aging cohorts, we quantified Census block‐level poverty, education, housing, and employment characteristics for the neighborhoods of 2119 older adults. We assessed relationships between neighborhood disadvantage and cognitive performance in domains sensitive to age‐related change.ResultsParticipants in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods (n = 156) were younger, more often female, and less often college‐educated or white than those in less disadvantaged neighborhoods (n = 1963). Disadvantaged neighborhood residence associated with poorer performance on tests of executive function, verbal learning, and memory.DiscussionThis geospatial metric of neighborhood disadvantage may be valuable for exploring socially rooted risk mechanisms, and prioritizing high‐risk communities for research recruitment and intervention.
Solving Acoustic Boundary Integral Equations Using High Performance Tile Low-Rank LU Factorization
Authors: Al-Harthi Noha , Alomairy Rabab , Akbudak Kadir , Chen Rui , Ltaief Hatem , Bagci Hakan , Keyes David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe design and develop a new high performance implementation of a fast direct LU-based solver using low-rank approximations on massively parallel systems. The LU factorization is the most time-consuming step in solving systems of linear equations in the context of analyzing acoustic scattering from large 3D objects. The matrix equation is obtained by discretizing the boundary integral of the exterior Helmholtz problem using a higher-order Nyström scheme. The main idea is to exploit the inherent data sparsity of the matrix operator by performing local tile-centric approximations while still capturing the most significant information. In particular, the proposed LU-based solver leverages the Tile Low-Rank (TLR) data compression format as implemented in the Hierarchical Computations on Manycore Architectures () library to decrease the complexity of “classical” dense direct solvers from cubic to quadratic order. We taskify the underlying boundary integral kernels to expose fine-grained computations. We then employ the dynamic runtime system to orchestrate the scheduling of computational tasks on shared and distributed-memory systems. The resulting asynchronous execution permits to compensate for the load imbalance due to the heterogeneous ranks, while mitigating the overhead of data motion. We assess the robustness of our TLR LU-based solver and study the qualitative impact when using different numerical accuracies. The new TLR LU factorization outperforms the state-of-the-art dense factorizations by up to an order of magnitude on various parallel systems, for analysis of scattering from large-scale 3D synthetic and real geometries.
Footprint-Aware Power Capping for Hybrid Memory Based Systems
Authors: Arima Eishi , Hanawa Toshihiro , Trinitis Carsten , Schulz Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh Performance Computing (HPC) systems are facing severe limitations in both power and memory bandwidth/capacity. By now, these limitations have been addressed individually: to improve performance under a strict power constraint, power capping, which sets power limits to components/nodes/jobs, is an indispensable feature; and for memory bandwidth/capacity increase, the industry has begun to support hybrid main memory designs that comprise multiple different technologies including emerging memories (e.g., 3D stacked DRAM or Non-Volatile RAM) in one compute node. However, few works look at the combination of both trends.This paper explicitly targets power managements on hybrid memory based HPC systems and is based on the following observation: in spite of the system software’s efforts to optimize data allocations on such a system, the effective memory bandwidth can decrease considerably when we scale the problem size of applications. As a result, the performance bottleneck component changes in accordance with the footprint (or data) size, which then also changes the optimal power cap settings in a node. Motivated by this observation, we propose a power management concept called "Equation missing" and a profile-driven software framework to realize it. Our experimental result on a real system using HPC benchmarks shows that our approach is successful in correctly setting power caps depending on the footprint size while keeping around 93/96% of performance/power-efficiency compared to the best settings.
An Application of Medial Limits to Iterative Functional Equations
Authors: Morawiec Janusz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAssume that$$(\Omega ,{\mathcal {A}},P)$$(Ω,A,P)is a probability space,$$f:[0,1]\times \Omega \rightarrow [0,1]$$f:[0,1]×Ω→[0,1]is a function such that$$f(0,\omega )=0$$f(0,ω)=0,$$f(1,\omega )=1$$f(1,ω)=1for every$$\omega \in \Omega $$ω∈Ω,$$g:[0,1]\rightarrow \mathbb R$$g:[0,1]→Ris a bounded function such that$$g(0)=g(1)=0$$g(0)=g(1)=0, and$$a,b\in \mathbb R$$a,b∈R. Applying medial limits we describe bounded solutions$$\varphi :[0,1]\rightarrow \mathbb R$$φ:[0,1]→Rof the equation$$\begin{aligned} \varphi (x)=\int _{\Omega }\varphi (f(x,\omega ))dP(\omega )+g(x) \end{aligned}$$φ(x)=∫Ωφ(f(x,ω))dP(ω)+g(x)satisfying the boundary conditions$$\varphi (0)=a$$φ(0)=aand$$\varphi (1)=b$$φ(1)=b.
Phase-Retrieval in Shift-Invariant Spaces with Gaussian Generator
Authors: Gröchenig Karlheinz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study the problem of recovering a function of the form $$f(x) = \sum _{k\in \mathbb {Z}} c_k e^{-(x-k)^2}$$f(x)=∑k∈Zcke-(x-k)2 from its phaseless samples $$|f(\lambda )|$$|f(λ)| on some arbitrary countable set $$\Lambda \subseteq \mathbb {R}$$Λ⊆R. For real-valued functions this is possible up to a sign for every separated set with Beurling density $$D^-(\Lambda ) >2$$D-(Λ)>2. This result is sharp. For complex-valued functions we find all possible solutions with the same phaseless samples.
Common genetic predisposition for heart failure and cancer
Authors: Pfeffer Tobias J. , Pietzsch Stefan , Hilfiker-Kleiner Denise 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCardiovascular diseases and cancer are major causes of mortality in industrialized societies. They share common risk factors (e.g., genetics, lifestyle, age, infection, toxins, and pollution) and might also mutually promote the onset of the respective other disease. Cancer can affect cardiac function directly while antitumor therapies may have acute- and/or late-onset cardiotoxic effects. Recent studies suggest that heart failure might promote tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In both cancer and cardiovascular diseases, genetic predisposition is implicated in the disease onset and development. In this regard, genetic variants classically associated with cardiomyopathies increase the risk for toxic side effects on the cardiovascular system. Genetic variants associated with increased cancer risk are frequent in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy complicated by cancer, pointing to a common genetic predisposition for both diseases. Common risk factors, cardiotoxic antitumor treatment, genetic variants (associated with cardiomyopathies and/or cancer), and increased cardiac stress lead us to propose the “multi-hit hypothesis” linking cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge on potential connecting factors between cancer and cardiovascular diseases with a major focus on the role of genetic predisposition and its implication for individual therapeutic strategies and risk assessment in the novel field of oncocardiology.
Molekulare Therapien bei neuromuskulären Erkrankungen im Kindesalter – Große Hoffnungen und unbekannte Risiken
Authors: Blaschek Astrid , Vill Katharina , Müller-Felber Wolfgang , Schara Ulrike 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungSeltene neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen, wie spinale Muskelatrophie und Muskeldystrophie Duchenne, sind Erbkrankheiten, die sich bereits im Kindesalter zeigen. Die Therapieoptionen haben sich in den letzten Jahren entscheidend verändert. Großen Anteil daran haben neue molekulare Therapieansätze, die den direkten gentherapeutischen Ersatz des fehlenden Gens ermöglichen oder eine alternative Prozessierung des betroffenen Gens bzw. eines verwandten (Pseudo)Gens bewirken.Vor allem der Verlauf der 5q-assoziierten spinalen Muskelatrophie hat sich durch die Verfügbarkeit solcher kausalen Therapien deutlich verändert, während für die meisten Muskelerkrankungen die Ergebnisse laufender Studien noch ausstehen. Als erreichbares Therapieziel muss im Bereich der neuromuskulären Erkrankungen die Verlangsamung der Progredienz, aber nicht die vollständige Heilung angesehen werden. Aktuell sind nur limitierte Erfahrungen verfügbar. Insbesondere die langfristige Effektivität und die möglichen Risiken sind noch unbekannt. Daher sollten diese Therapien unbedingt unter streng überwachten Bedingungen zur Anwendung kommen.
Ernährung bei angeborenen Stoffwechselerkrankungen – ein Spagat zwischen Genuss und Therapie
Authors: Schiergens Katharina A. , Weiß Katharina J. , Dokoupil Katharina , Fleissner Sandra , Maier Esther M. 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungBei vielen angeborenen Stoffwechselkrankheiten ist eine lebensbegleitende Diät von Geburt an fester Bestandteil der Therapie. Alternative medikamentöse Therapieansätze stehen erst für einige wenige Patienten zur Verfügung. Am Beispiel der Phenylketonurie und der Harnstoffzyklusstörungen wird das Prinzip der eiweißdefinierten Diät mit dem Schwerpunkt auf Kinder und Jugendliche erläutert. Die Herausforderungen, die sich bei dieser Ernährungstherapie ergeben, werden aufgezeigt.Bei der eiweißdefinierten Diät erfolgt eine verminderte Zufuhr von natürlichem Protein, ergänzt durch die Gabe spezieller Aminosäuremischungen. Diese enthalten bei der Phenylketonurie kein Phenylalanin, bei den Harnstoffzyklusdefekten ausschließlich essenzielle Aminosäuren. Mithilfe der Diät soll zum einen eine gute metabolische Einstellung erreicht und die Anhäufung toxischer Metabolite vermieden werden. Zum anderen muss eine bedarfsdeckende Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung für das adäquate Wachstum und die Entwicklung des Kindes gewährleistet sein. Für die Patienten bedeutet dies, sich an restriktive Vorgaben bei der Lebensmittelauswahl halten zu müssen. Diese konkurrieren oft mit dem Bedürfnis nach Freiheit/Spontaneität und dem Genuss bei der Nahrungsaufnahme. Viele Patienten empfinden ihre Diät daher als drastische Einschränkung der Lebensqualität.Eine konsequente Umsetzung der Diät ist entscheidend für die Prognose der Erkrankungen. Hierfür bringen die Patienten und ihre Familien oft unterschiedliche Voraussetzung und Fähigkeiten mit. Für Therapeuten stellt es eine große Herausforderung dar, die Patienten nicht nur bei der praktischen Umsetzung ihrer Diät in allen Lebensabschnitten zu unterstützen, sondern auch zu einer langfristigen Adhärenz zu motivieren, um ein bestmögliches Outcome zu erreichen.
Several ways one goal—methanogenesis from unconventional substrates
Authors: Kurth Julia M. , Op den Camp Huub J. M. , Welte Cornelia U. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMethane is the second most important greenhouse gas on earth. It is produced by methanogenic archaea, which play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Three main methanogenesis pathways are known: in the hydrogenotrophic pathway H2and carbon dioxide are used for methane production, whereas in the methylotrophic pathway small methylated carbon compounds like methanol and methylated amines are used. In the aceticlastic pathway, acetate is disproportionated to methane and carbon dioxide. However, next to these conventional substrates, further methanogenic substrates and pathways have been discovered. Several phylogenetically distinct methanogenic lineages (Methanosphaera,Methanimicrococcus,Methanomassiliicoccus,Methanonatronarchaeum) have evolved hydrogen-dependent methylotrophic methanogenesis without the ability to perform either hydrogenotrophic or methylotrophic methanogenesis. Genome analysis of the deep branchingMethanonatronarchaeumrevealed an interesting membrane-bound hydrogenase complex affiliated with the hardly described class 4 g of multisubunit hydrogenases possibly providing reducing equivalents for anabolism. Furthermore, methylated sulfur compounds such as methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, and methylmercaptopropionate were described to be converted into adapted methylotrophic methanogenesis pathways ofMethanosarcinalesstrains. Moreover, recently it has been shown that the methanogenMethermicoccus shengliensiscan use methoxylated aromatic compounds in methanogenesis. Also, tertiary amines like choline (N,N,N-trimethylethanolamine) or betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) have been described as substrates for methane production inMethanococcoidesandMethanolobusstrains. This review article will provide in-depth information on genome-guided metabolic reconstructions, physiology, and biochemistry of these unusual methanogenesis pathways.Key points•Newly discovered methanogenic substrates and pathways are reviewed for the first time.• The review provides an in-depth analysis of unusual methanogenesis pathways.• The hydrogenase complex of the deep branching Methanonatronarchaeum is analyzed.
Predictors for distant metastasis in head and neck cancer, with emphasis on age
Authors: van der Kamp Martine F. , Muntinghe Friso O. W. , Iepsma René S. , Plaat Boudewijn E. C. , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. , Algassab Ayat , Steenbakkers Roel J. H. M. , Witjes Max J. H. , van Dijk Boukje A. C. , de Bock Geertruida H. , Halmos Gyorgy B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Distant metastasis (DM) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is uncommon, but strongly deteriorates prognosis. Controversy exists regarding age as a predictor for the presence and development of DM. The aim of this study was to investigate age and other predictors for DM in HNSCC patients.

Methods
From 1413 patients diagnosed with a primary HNSCC between 1999 and 2010 in a tertiary referral centre, patient, disease and pathological characteristics were extracted from patient files. Uni- and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for DM as primary outcome.

Results
DM occurred in 131 (9.3%) patients, of which 27 (1.9%) were diagnosed simultaneously with the primary tumour, 27 (1.9%) were diagnosed synchronous, and 77 (5.4%) were diagnosed metachronous. The most common site of DM was lung (51.1%), followed by bone (19.1%) and liver (11.5%). Multivariable analysis identified male gender (HR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.23–3.10) hypopharyngeal tumours (HR = 3.28, 95% CI 1.75–6.14), advanced T-stage (HR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.09–2.38), poor differentiation grade (HR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.07–5.78), regional lymph node metastasis (HR = 5.35, 95% CI 3.25–8.79) and extranodal extension of regional lymph nodes metastasis (HR = 3.06, 95% CI 1.39–6.72) as independent prognostic factors for the presence or development of DM. No relation with age was found.

Conclusion
Age is not related to the presence or development of DM. This study emphasizes the importance of screening for DM, especially in males, patients with hypopharyngeal tumours, advanced T-stage, histopathological poor differentiation grade, regional lymph node metastasis and extranodal extension.