bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable multiwavelength fiber laser based on multimode interference in highly germanium-doped fiber
Authors: Huang Tianye , Zhang Dazhong , Yoo Seongwoo , Wei Qian , Sidharthan Raghuraman , Wu Zhichao , Yan Bin , Song Chaolong , Cheng Zhuo 
Published: January 2020

A reconfigurable multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on an all-fiber multimode interferometer (MMI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The interferometer is constructed by sandwiching a section of highly germanium-doped fiber (HGDF) between two sections of single-mode fiber. The insertion loss of the interferometer is as low as 2 dB. Due to the polarization-dependent spectral filtering effect formed by the MMI, by rotating the intracavity polarization controller, the laser output can be switched among single-, dual-, and triple-wavelength lasing states with optical signal-to-noise ratio up to 50 dB. In particular, the obtained dual-wavelength state shows high stability with wavelength shift within

±

0.04

n
m

, wavelength spacing variation within

±

0.03

n
m

, and power fluctuation within

±

0.04

d
B

by monitoring the output spectra over 8 h at room temperature. By changing the length of the HGDF, the wavelength spacing can also be flexibly manipulated. Taking the advantages of reconfiguration, low cost, and easy fabrication, this fiber laser may have great potential in various optical applications.
Ultrabroadband and coherent mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in all-normal dispersion Te-based chalcogenide all-solid microstructured fiber
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Yang Peilong , Peng Xuefeng , Cao Zhenfei , Ding Shengjie , Zhang Nan , Liu Zijun , Zhang Peiqing , Wang Xunsi , Dai Shixun 
Published: January 2020

We report an ultrabroadband supercontinuum (SC) generation with high coherence property in all-normal-dispersion (ANDi) Te-based chalcogenide all-solid microstructured optical fiber (AS-MOF). The fiber was fabricated using a rod-in-tube method that presents four

A
s

2

S

3

glass rods selected as low refractive index material (

n
=

2.4

) embedded in a

G
e

20

A
s

20

S
e

20

T
e

40

glass matrix (

n
=

3.1

). The highly symmetrical four-hole MOF preform was fabricated through the computerized numerical control precision mechanical drilling method. By engineering the structure of the fiber, we determined an ANDi characteristic in the range of 2–13.5 µm when the core diameter of the fiber was

≤

10

µ

m

. Under pumping at 5 µm, a highly coherent SC generation in the range of 2–13.2 µm was generated in a 16-cm-long AS-MOF with core diameter of 9.8 µm.
High-energy 2  µm pulsed vortex beam excitation from a Q-switched Tm:LuYAG laser
Authors: Chen Ying , Ding Manman , Wang Jianlei , Wang Li , Liu Qiyao , Zhao Yongguang , Liu Ying , Shen Deyuan , Wang Zhengping , Xu Xinguang , Petrov Valentin 
Published: January 2020

We report on the first, to the best of our knowledge, direct generation of pulsed vortex beams at 2 µm from a

Q

-switched Tm:LuYAG laser. High-energy Laguerre–Gaussian (

L
G

0
,
l

) pulsed laser beams with well-defined handedness are selectively excited through spatially matched pump gain distribution and asymmetric cavity loss without using any intracavity handedness-selective optical elements. Pulse energies of 1.48 mJ for the

L
G

0
,
+
1

mode and 1.51 mJ for the

L
G

0
,
−
1

mode, respectively, are achieved at a repetition rate of 500 Hz. The pulsed laser beams with helical wavefronts are potentially useful for studying orbital angular momentum transformation dynamics, generation of mid-IR vortex beams, and nanostructuring of organic materials.
Tornado waves
Authors: Brimis Apostolos , Makris Konstantinos G. , Papazoglou Dimitris G. 
Published: January 2020

We show that light spiraling like a tornado can be generated by
superimposing abruptly auto-focusing ring-Airy beams that carry
orbital angular momentum of opposite handedness. With different
parabolic propagation trajectories, the superimposing ring-Airy beams
are tailored to abruptly auto-focus at overlapping focal regions. This
results in a complex wave with intense lobes that twist and shrink in
an accelerating fashion along propagation. By achieving angular
acceleration values that exceed

295

rad
/

mm
2

, these tornado waves can find numerous
applications in laser trapping, direct laser writing, and
high-harmonic generation.
Angled fiber-based Fabry–Perot interferometer
Authors: Zhang Xinpu , Li Lixia , Zou Xihua , Luo Bin , Pan Wei , Yan Lianshan , Wu Qiang 
Published: January 2020

Herein, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, all-fiber Fabry–Perot (FP) interferometer that is formed by a simple angled fiber that can function as a beam splitter. According to the principle of the angled fiber, we verify the influence of an oblique angle on the light propagation path and light intensity ratio. Subsequently, angled fiber-based FP interferometers are experimentally demonstrated, and the influence of the oblique angle on the visibility of interference fringes and temperature characteristics is investigated. Finally, the temperature characteristics of this proposed FP interferometer are investigated experimentally, and the temperature sensitivity is 12.62 and 10.89 pm/°C for 42° and 40° angled fiber-based fiber FP interferometers, respectively. This proposed FP interferometer is fabricated by using a simple angled fiber, which has the advantages of ease of fabrication and all-fiber characteristics and hence can meet the requirements of mass production and high stability in various practical application areas.
Demographic and Lifestyle Risk Factors for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia Among US Veterans
Authors: Tan Mimi C. , Mallepally Niharika , Liu Yan , El-Serag Hashem B. , Thrift Aaron P. 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:
The risk of noncardia gastric cancer is increased in the presence of gastric intestinal metaplasia. We aimed to identify demographic and lifestyle factors independently associated with the risk of gastric intestinal metaplasia.

METHODS:
We used data from a cross-sectional study of patients attending primary care and endoscopy clinics at the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center in Houston, Texas, between February 2008 and August 2013. All patients completed standardized questionnaires and underwent endoscopy with gastric mapping biopsies. Gastric intestinal metaplasia cases included patients with intestinal metaplasia on any noncardia gastric biopsy; we defined extensive gastric intestinal metaplasia as antrum and corpus involvement. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariate logistic regression models.

RESULTS:
We identified 423 cases with gastric intestinal metaplasia and 1,796 controls without gastric intestinal metaplasia. Older age (vs <60 years: 60–69 years AdjOR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.17–1.93; ≥70 years AdjOR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.48–3.04), male sex (AdjOR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.50–5.10), nonwhite race/ethnicity (vs non-Hispanic white: Hispanic, AdjOR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.89–3.76; black, AdjOR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.85–3.02), and current smoking status (AdjOR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.29–2.48) were independently associated with gastric intestinal metaplasia. These risk factors remained statistically significantly associated with gastric intestinal metaplasia after adjusting for Helicobacter pylori infection, and their effect sizes were larger for associations with extensive gastric intestinal metaplasia compared with focal gastric intestinal metaplasia.

DISCUSSION:
Older age, male sex, nonwhite race/ethnicity, and current smoking status were the nonendoscopic factors independently associated with gastric intestinal metaplasia in a predominantly nonimmigrant US population.
A decoupled finite element method with diferent time steps for the nonstationary Darcy–Brinkman problem
Authors: Liao Cheng , Huang Pengzhan , He Yinnian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA decoupled finite element method with different time steps for the nonstationary Darcy--Brinkman problem is considered in this paper. Moreover, for the presented method, the stability analysis and error estimates are deduced. Finally, numerical tests are provided that demonstrate the efficiency of the method. It is found the presented method can save lots of computational time compared with standard coupled method.
P
1-nonconforming divergence-free finite element method on square meshes for Stokes equations
Authors: Park Chunjae 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recently, the P
1-nonconforming finite element space over square meshes has been proved stable to solve Stokes equations with the piecewise constant space for velocity and pressure, respectively. In this paper, we will introduce its locally divergence-free subspace to solve the elliptic problem for the velocity only decoupled from the Stokes equation. The concerning system of linear equations is much smaller compared to the Stokes equations. Furthermore, it is split into two smaller ones. After solving the velocity first, the pressure in the Stokes problem can be obtained by an explicit method very rapidly.
A New Concept for Deeper Integration of Converters and Drives in Electrical Machines: Simulation and Experimental Investigations
Authors: Ghossini Hossam Al , Dang Thu Thuy , Duchesne Stéphane 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper introduces a new concept for integrated electrical motor drives (IEMD) with the aim of minimizing the number of inverter’s power switching components. The latter is switched reluctance motor (SRM) based. The control strategy is jointly designed, inspired by Flyback power supplies operating at very high frequencies. A simple case study on an 8/6 SRM has been carried out. The study enables to highlight most challenging problems that have to be overcome in future works: overvoltages during switching due to the flux leakage, and the efficiency of the magnetic material constituting the machine at high switching frequencies. This concept turns out to be an interesting basis for a very advanced integration of the switching structure within electrical machines.
Biblical foundation and magisterial development of the dogmatic datum of the poor as a theological place
Authors: Marangi Ettore 
Published: January 2020

There are serious reasons to argue that with Evangelii Gaudium by Pope Francis, the magisterium of the Catholic Church has finally come to fully acknowledge the function of the locus theologicus played by the poor. This study, which constitutes the first of two articles devoted to the subject, investigates the foundation of this dogmatic datum in two sources of revelation: the Holy Scripture and the recent teachings of the magisterium. To this end, in the first place, it examines the role that the Old and New Testaments entrust to the poor within revelation; then it documents the rediscovery of the poor as theological place in the most important documents of the magisterium, during the time between Vatican Council II and Evangelii Gaudium. ***Fundamento bíblico e desenvolvimento magisterial do dado dogmático do pobre como lugar teológico***Existem razões sólidas para arguir que, com a Evangelii Gaudium, do Papa Francisco, o Magistério da Igreja Católica, finalmente, passou a reconhecer a função do locus theologicus exercido pelos pobres. O presente estudo, que é o primeiro de dois artigos dedicados ao tema, investiga os fundamentos desse dado dogmático em duas fontes da revelação: a Sagrada Escritura e os ensinamentos recentes do Magistério. Para esse fim, examina-se, primeiramente, o papel atribuído aos pobres pelos Antigo e Novo Testamentos na revelação; em seguida, demonstra-se a redescoberta dos pobres como lugar teológico nos documentos mais importantes do Magistério durante o intervalo de tempo entre o Concílio Vaticano II e a Evangelii Gaudium.
A EJA em contextos de privação de liberdade: desafios e brechas à educação popular
Authors: Onofre Elenice Maria Cammarosano , Fernandes Jarina Rodrigues , Ferreira Godinho Ana Claudia 
Published: January 2020

O ensaio discute a Educação de Jovens e Adultos em privação de liberdade na perspectiva da educação popular. Apresenta dados estatísticos do sistema prisional brasileiro, reflexões sobre o papel da escola e a pertinência do diálogo entre educação escolar e não escolar nos espaços de privação de liberdade. Sugere brechas e possibilidades para a educação nos referidos espaços, a partir de três dimensões: a articulação entre as práticas educativas propostas; a organização curricular flexível e o trabalho interdisciplinar como proposta metodológica e a valorização do trabalho docente, com a indicação de que, justamente, a partir das situações-limite, é possível potencializar a dimensão política das práticas sociais vinculadas à educação nas prisões.
Thermal expansion of nano–boron carbide under constant DC electric field: An in situ energy dispersive X-ray diffraction study using a synchrotron probe
Authors: Biçer Hülya , Akdoğan Enver Koray , Şavklıyıldız İlyas , Haines Christopher , Zhong Zhong , Tsakalakos Thomas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Studying the income sources of Isfahan football clubs with entrepreneurial approach
Authors: Salehnia Bahram , Nasrabadi Hosein Hamami 
Published: January 2020

The present study investigated the income sources of Isfahan soccer clubs with an entrepreneurial approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and nature and uses the qualitative method and content analysis. The statistical population of this research includes all experts and experts on the requirements and methods of income generation of football clubs (including football club managers, sports management professors and economists and management professors), of which 30 are goal-oriented and the snowball method was selected as a sample, and interviews were used to collect the data. For this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared, and the Friedman test and correlation analysis of varianceâ€“covariance matrix were used. The research showed that all three research hypotheses were approved. The revenues from football clubs in Isfahan province with the entrepreneurial approach of various aspects were determined, and ticket prices on the income of football clubs of the entrepreneurial approach are effective and broadcast on the income of football clubs of the entrepreneurial approach is effective.
Keywords: Income sources, football clubs, Isfahan province, entrepreneurship.
A bibliometric analysis of research on principal leadership and student achievement
Authors: Ozdemir Nedim 
Published: January 2020

This study aims to explore the bibliometric review of research on principal leadership and student achievement. The study consists of 473 articles indexed in the Web of Science database between 1992 and August 2019. This database provides access to bibliographic data of publications. Data were analysed by using VOSviewer software to create co-authorship, keyword and citation map. Descriptive statistics and social network analysis were used for data analysis. There are 93 items that are mentioned at least four times in 473 articles. These keywords grouped into nine clusters. The most common keywords are achievement, school leadership, principal, school improvement, instructional leadership, teachers and performance. The temporal analysis finds that recent interest revolves around teacher evaluation, teacher professional development, trust and collaboration. Researchers can do a similar study in the field of school leadership and school culture.
Keywords: School principal, academic achievement, bibliometric analysis.
Elmanın Bazı Geometrik ve Hidrodinamik Özellikleri ile Zedelenme Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: AKÇAKAL Tuğçe , SARAÇOĞLU Türker 
Published: January 2020

Amaç:Bu çalışmada; iki yerli elma çeşidi (Arapkızı ve Amasya) meyvelerinin boyut, nem içeriği, kütle, hacim, yoğunluk, küresellik, projeksiyon alanı, yuvarlanma direnç katsayısı gibi fiziksel özellikleri ile elma çeşitlerinin su içerisindeki kritik hızı, sürtünme kuvveti, kaldırma kuvveti gibi hidrodinamik özellikleri ve zedelenme hacmi, zedelenme alanı, absorbe edilen enerji gibi zedelenme parametreleri belirlenmiştir.Materyal ve Metot:Çalışmada iki farklı elma çeşidi ve her çeşitten 55 adet olmak üzere toplam 110 adet örnek kullanılmıştır. Meyvelerinin boyut, nem içeriği, kütle, hacim, yoğunluk, küresellik, projeksiyon alanı, yuvarlanma direnç katsayısı gibi fiziksel özellikleri ile elma çeşitlerinin su içerisindeki kritik hızı, sürtünme kuvveti, kaldırma kuvveti gibi hidrodinamik özellikleri ve zedelenme hacmi, zedelenme alanı, absorbe edilen enerji gibi zedelenme parametreleri belirlenmiştir.Bulgular:Boyutsal özellikleri bakımındanArapkızı çeşidi Amasya çeşidinden daha büyüktür. Su içerisindeki kritik hız, sürtünme kuvveti ve kaldırma kuvveti değerleri, Arapkızı çeşidi için sırasıyla 0.414 m.s-1, 0.327 N, 1.874 N olarak, Amasya çeşidi için ise sırasıyla 0.417 m.s-1, 0.264 N, 1.571 N; olarakbelirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar:İki farklı yüzeye çarpma sonucu meyvelerde oluşan zedelenme alanı ve zedelenme hacmi ile düşme yükseklikleri arasında ilişki bulunmuştur. Meyvelerin farklı yüzeylere çarpmaları sonucu absorbe edilen enerji değişimleri, düşme yüksekliği arttıkça artış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Granular Cell Tumor: A Rare Breast Lesion
Authors: Dutra Sofia , Marques José Carlos 
Published: January 2020

Granular cell tumors are uncommon, and are usually benign neoplasms that can mimic malignancy on breast imaging tests. These tumors can originate anywhere in the body and the breast accounts for only a few cases of all granular cell tumors. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman with a granular cell tumor of the breast presenting clinically on breast imaging (ultrasound, mammography and magnetic resonance) as a suspicious lesion. Core needle biopsy was performed for tissue diagnosis and was consistent with granular cell tumor that was confirmed in the histopathological report of the surgical specimen following a breast lumpectomy. Given the rarity of this tumor, we present this case to highlight this diagnostic hypothesis, that can be challenging and frequently confused with breast carcinoma.
Patients attitude towards an alcohol content and halalness of cough medicines
Authors: Rahem Abdul 
Published: January 2020

The halalness of medicines in Indonesia is an interesting case to study, given that the consumption of medicines and halal food is an obligation for the majority of Indonesia's Muslim population. Since the legalization of Law 33 of 2014 about Halal Product Assurance (UU JPH), there are still differences of opinion in several ministries in Republic Indonesia regarding the implementation of medicinal products, especially for medicines that are classified as life-saving. This research was conducted during August 2018 and aims to analyze the attitudes of cough sufferers towards the halalness of cough medicine and their attitude towards medicines containing alcohol. This study uses an observational design, the research variable is the attitude towards halal and alcohol content in drugs, and the drugs received. During one month, 25 respondents obtained in 5 apothecaries; 2 apothecaries in Bangkalan Regency and 3 apothecaries in Pamekasan Regency. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The results showed that 100 percent of patients wanted halal drugs and did not contain alcohol. From the data obtained, showed that 68 percent of patients received cough medicines containing alcohol between 2.50 – 10 percent.
Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) - A Food Additive
Authors: Naveen Kumar R. , Uday Kumar P. , Hemalatha R. 
Published: January 2020

<p>Monosodium glutamate (MSG) also known as glutamic acid is a non essential amino acid used as a flavor enhancer worldwide. MSG is found naturally in tomatoes, grapes, cheese, mushrooms and other foods. It is one of the most widely used food additive in commercial foods. Monosodium glutamate is believed to be associated with different health problems <em>viz</em>., obesity, asthma, metabolic disorders, Chinese restaurant syndrome, neurotoxic effects and detrimental effects on the reproductive organs. Literature showed MSG was associated with adverse side-effects particularly in animals including induction of obesity, diabetes, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic and genotoxic effects. Literature showed that increased consumption of monosodium glutamate may be associated with harmful health effects. Further Intensive research is required to explore monosodium glutamate–related molecular and metabolic mechanisms.</p>
Knowledge of Diet and Lifestyle Measures for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Kanneganti Aishwarya , Sajid Asma , Sashi Latha 
Published: January 2020

<p> Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) pose significant risks to materno-fetal health. Appropriate knowledge of the condition ensures timely intervention. Dietary and lifestyle recommendations in HDP differ from those in the non-pregnant population. Salt restriction is not recommended and physical activity may be contraindicated. The aim of the study is to identify the knowledge of pregnant hypertensive Indian women about normal blood pressure in pregnancy, warning signs and complications of HDP and control measures. A cross sectional study was conducted in maternity centres using purposive convenience sampling and a structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. One hundred women completed the study. Sixty three per cent knew what constituted high blood pressure, 56% and 60% had a knowledge score of ≤ 50% for warning signs and complications of high blood pressure respectively. When questioned about control measures, women believed that dietary modifications (88%), physical activity (84%), bed rest (51%) and weight loss (44%) were important. With respect to knowledge of salt intake recommendations, 39% correctly identified the daily recommendation, 93% believed salt reduction is necessary and 21% believed salt elimination is required. Thirty nine per cent of women stated high calcium foods are beneficial for control. Post diagnosis, 80% and 38% reported salt reduction and use of low sodium salt, respectively. Traditional home remedies cited included bananas, spinach, curry leaf, garlic, barley water, flax seeds and beetroot. In adequate awareness of HDP may delay necessary medical interventions. Misconceptions regarding salt restriction need to be addressed to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. Counseling regarding a healthy diet for HDP and risks associated with excess physical activity and strict bed rest need to be communicated more effectively.</p>
Radiation Exposure in Orthopaedics
Authors: Frane Nicholas , Megas Andrew , Stapleton Erik , Ganz Maximillian , Bitterman Adam D. 
Published: January 2020

» The damaging effects to human tissue caused by radiation exposure have been documented since the first reports regarding use of radiographs in the late nineteenth century.» Orthopaedic surgeons and residents often are undereducated about the risks associated with radiation exposure and the recommended safety precautions to help mitigate these potential risks.» Orthopaedic surgeons need to adopt the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle: whenever possible, all available precautions should be taken to keep all members of the operating room safe from radiation exposure while emphasizing the best appropriate care for patients.» An emphasis on radiation safety and protection should be universally incorporated into graduate medical education.