bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
110 kV substation relay protection
Authors: Feng Xianjie , Fei Zejie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the main electric wiring mode of 110kV substation is selected, the structure of substation is determined, and then the main wiring diagram is drawn. According to the design and load of the primary electrical connection, select the maximum and minimum operating modes to calculate the short circuit separately. Then, according to the short-circuit current parameters, the relay protection of transmission lines, transformers, busbars, etc. is set, and the configured protections include current quick-break protection, gas protection, and longitudinal differential protection. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation of the selected protection devices is carried out. Adding relay protection device in substation can send out fault signal and cut off fault line in time to reduce the occurrence of substation fault, so as to ensure the reliable power supply of users and enterprises.
Distributed cooperative control strategy for islanded microgrids
Authors: Lin Jinghuai , Wang Yongming , Deng Hongjie , Shao Zhenguo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a distributed cooperative control strategy for islanded microgrids (MGs) is proposed, to minimize the total generation cost of distributed generators (DGs), and maintain the state of charge (SoC) balancing of battery energy storage systems (BESSs). First, a consensus-based economic dispatch (ED) strategy is proposed, to achieve the minimum total generation cost of DGs, while the aggregated power output of DGs meets the power dispatch command from the supervisory control system. Further, an SoC-based droop control strategy is developed for BESSs, to maintain the SoC balancing and power balance in the islanded MG simultaneously. Compared with the centralized control schemes, the proposed cooperative control strategy is fully distributed such that it simply requires local information exchange without the necessity of a central controller. More importantly, the proposed cooperative control strategy is able to achieve multiple control objectives in a unified framework. Finally, the simulation results in an islanded MG with renewable energy and time-varying load demands are presented, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed cooperative control strategy.
Modeling and electromagnetic transient simulation of photovoltaic generators in large-scale photovoltaic power generation systems
Authors: Wei Gang , Yao Tianliang , Wu Xingquan , Liu Qiao , Zhao Guopeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
On account of the large amount of electromagnetic transient simulation of single photovoltaic power generation units, it is difficult to simulate a large-scale photovoltaic power generation system with multiple photovoltaic power generation units by power system simulation software. A method of single photovoltaic power generation unit model simplification is proposed in this paper, which can be applied in a large-scale photovoltaic power generation system. In order to improve simulation efficiency to study the output characteristics of photovoltaic power generation units more efficiently, the converter model and the control loop in the electromagnetic transient model are simplified and reduced respectively. There is no need to change the algorithm of simulation software, and the requirement to the computer performance is lower because of the reduction in the amount of computational data. The simplified simulation models are built by PSCAD simulation software, which are applied in the electromagnetic transient simulation of the large-scale photovoltaic power generation system. The simulations are carried out under constant light intensity and temperature condition, variable light intensity and temperature condition and single-phase ground fault condition. The output characteristics of the simplified model under different working conditions are compared in detail. The simulation results show that the dynamic response curves of simplified model and the electromagnetic transient model for a single device are consistent. Within the allowable precision range, the simulation speed can be improved and the time consumption can be shortened by using simplified model. The larger the number of photovoltaic power generation unit modules is, the more obvious the simulation speed improvement is. So the simplified model can be applied to the simulation research of the large-scale photovoltaic power generation systems where the output characteristics of photovoltaic power generators needs to be observed.
Equalization circuit topologies of lithium battery strings: a brief review
Authors: Liu Feng , Dai Jun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Lithium batteries are widely applied in new energy vehicles and related energy storage industries due to their superior performance. The application of an equalization circuit can effectively reduce the inconsistency of the energy of the battery pack, thereby extending the service life of the battery pack. By reviewing the mainstream balanced circuit topology, this paper proposed the comments on the ideal balanced circuit structure in the future, which is expected to serve the construction of large-scale energy storage system in the energy Internet.
A novel SPMSM sensorless strategy based on parameter identification
Authors: Teng Jihui , Zhang Chengning , Zhang Shuo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In recent years, with the application of Permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has been wildly appeared in many industrial areas, sensorless control method of PMSM is being a research hotpot in last two decades. This paper propose a novel speed sensorless control method for SPMSM, which consists of model adaptive reference speed (MARS) sensorless method and Recursive Least Square (RLS) parameter identification method, we use RLS method to identify the inductance and take the estimated inductance value to MARS control and the fundamental control method, finally we use the estimated speed and position value as feedback to make a close loop control frame. This novel method can successfully make the whole control system operate using the estimated speed and position value as feedback meanwhile overcome the flaw that control frame is sensitive with the parameters. We use Matlab/Simulink to implement simulation and the results could prove this method’s feasibility.
Finite element study on chip morphology evolution of Ti6Al4V in micro-milling
Authors: Liang Ming , Wang Yanshen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chip is an important index to reflect the quality of machining, and its geometric characteristics such as chip sawtooth degree, sawtooth frequency and radius of curvature are greatly affected by cutting parameters. In order to study and predict the evolution of serrated chip in micro-milling of titanium alloy, finite element analysis software ABAQUS was used to establish the finite element model. Based on elasto-plastic constitutive model, fracture criterion and friction model, the influences of linear velocity and feed per tooth on chip morphology and cutting force were simulated. The relationship between serrated chip formation and cutting force fluctuation is revealed, so as to further explore the chip formation mechanism.
Design of an ergonomic App for entire rapid body assessment based on Mask RCNN
Authors: Wu Shuai , Chen Ziwen , Zhao Xinqiao , Yao Maoyun , Wang Zihao , Kuang Shaolong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The rapid entire body assessment (REBA) is a rapid and semi-quantitative ergonomic assessment method for those who engaged in manual handling and/or standing work for a long time. In order to provide a self-assessment tool for operators, an App software based on Mask RCNN is proposed in this paper. The software is developed by adopting the architecture of a mobile terminal App combined with an imaging processing server. The main functions of the App are video capturing of work process, the operation of the process of REBA, human-machine interaction, etc., while the server is work for processing the video imaging transmitted from the App, key-points extraction of worker’s body from the images for work posture identification. One thousand working scene photos marked by VIA are used for training and testing based on the Microsoft COCO dataset to obtain a reliable target detection model. Experiment of container handling scene shows that the App evaluation software has achieved higher evaluation efficiency and accuracy. The validation of this method has been proved compared with manual evaluation based on REBA. And other work posture evaluation methods will be developed in the future to form an ergonomic evaluation software system.
Study on interoperation and its’ implementation of MES to support virtual factory
Authors: Wei Shuangyu , Bai Yuewei , Xu Lai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The data interoperation between VF (virtual factory) platform and MES (Manufacturing Execution System) plays an important role in intelligent factory construction. The study focuses on the integration strategy between the VF and the MES by incorporating VF manufacturing assets in two ways, i.e., vertical integration (used for production line performance evaluation) and the horizontal integration (cloud manufacturing based on manufacturing assets services discovery and their composition). The VF platform which integrates the manufacturing assets in two manners is designed as the bottom layer in the entire integration framework. It has been applied to build a four tiers integration model in an intelligent production system construction of a domestic ship manufacturer and verified its feasibility and availability.
Bearing faults and broken bars simulation in an induction motor using an engineering tool
Authors: Caiza Gustavo , Garcia Carlos Andres , Blanque-Molina Baldui , Garcia Marcelo Vladimir 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Industrial processes require reliable, safe, and continuous operation of electric motors. However, unexpected failures result in production losses, high emergency maintenance costs, damage to other related machines and prolonged shutdowns. Therefore, the development of failure analysis, detection and prevention systems is of high importance for the industrial sector. The following paper proposes the generation of a model of a squirrel cage induction motor in the software tool Simulink capable of simulating: i) broken bars and broken rotor rings, and ii) failures in the bearings of the motor, based on the Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) technique which is a non-invasive method. Moreover, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis is used to perform spectral investigation on the current to detect specific components that characterize faults in these conditions.
Numerical simulation of the gas-assisted forming of double-lumen plastic catheter
Authors: Ren Zhong , Xiong Zhihua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The numerical simulations of the gas-assisted extrusion (GAE) of double-lumen plastic catheter (DLPC) were performed by using the software Polyflow. The extruded profiles, swell ratios, flow velocities, pressures, stresses of melt based on gas-assisted method were gotten and compared with those of traditional method. Results show that the gas-assisted method can well eliminate the extrusion swell and deformation phenomena of DLPC. The reasons are that, by means of gas-assisted method, the radial velocity of melt is zero, axial velocity distributions are uniform, pressure and stresses are greatly less than the traditional extrusion. Therefore, the gas-assisted method has great value used in the extrusion forming of DLPC.
A biomimetic soft robotic pinna for emulating dynamic reception behavior of horseshoe bats
Authors: Sutlive Joseph , Singh Agoshpreet , Zhang Shuxin , Müller Rolf 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Encoding of sensory information is fundamental to closing the performance gap between man-made and biological sensing. It has been hypothesized that the coupling of sensing and actuation, a phenomenon observed in bats among other species, is critical to accomplishing this. Using horseshoe bats as a model, we have developed a biomimetic pinna model with a soft actuation system along with a prototype strain sensor for enabling motor feedback. The actuation system used three individually controlled pneumatic actuators per pinna which actuated different portions of the baffle. This prototype produced eight different possible motions that were shown to have significant effects on incoming sound and could hence function as a substrate for adaptive sensing. The range of possible motions could be expanded by adjusting the fill and release parameters of the actuation system. Additionally, the strain sensor was able to represent the deformation of the pinna as measurements from this sensor were highly correlated with deformation estimates based on stereo vision. However, the relationship between displacements of points on the pinna and the sensor output was nonlinear. The improvements embodied in the system discussed here could lead to enhancements in the ability of autonomous systems to encode relevant information about the real world.
Socio-economic disparities in exposure to urban restaurant emissions are larger than for traffic
Authors: Shah R U , Robinson E S , Gu P , Apte J S , Marshall J D , Robinson A L , Presto A A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Restaurants and vehicles are important urban sources of particulate matter (PM). Due to the ubiquitous presence of these sources within cities, large variabilities in PM concentrations occur in source-rich environments (e.g. downtown), especially during times of peak activity such as meal times and rush hour. Due to intracity variations in factors such as racial-ethnic composition and economic status, we hypothesized that certain socio-economic groups living closer to sources are exposed to higher PM concentrations. To test this hypothesis, we coupled mobile PM measurements with census data in two midsize US cities: Oakland, CA, and Pittsburgh, PA. A novel aspect of our study is that our measurements are performed at a high (block-level) spatial resolution, which enables us to assess the direct relationship between PM concentrations and socio-economic metrics across different neighborhoods of these two cities. We find that restaurants cause long-term average PM enhancements of 0.1 to 0.3 µg m−3 over length scales between 50 and 450 m. We also find that this PM pollution from restaurants is unevenly distributed amongst different socio-economic groups. On average, areas near restaurant emissions have about 1.5× people of color (African American, Hispanic, Asian, etc), 2.5× poverty, and 0.8× household income, compared to areas far from restaurant emissions. Our findings imply that there are socio-economic disparities in long-term exposure to PM emissions from restaurants. Further, these socio-economic groups also frequently experience acutely high levels of cooking PM (tens to hundreds of µg m−3 in mass concentrations) and co-emitted pollutants. While there are large variations in socio-economic metrics with respect to restaurant proximity, we find that these metrics are spatially invariant with respect to highway proximity. Thus, any socio-economic disparities in exposure to highway emissions are, at most, mild, and certainly small compared to disparities in exposure to restaurant emissions.
A prey–predator system with disease in prey and cooperative hunting strategy in predator
Authors: Saha Sangeeta , Samanta G P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A predator–prey model is proposed in this work where the prey population is infected by a disease. Here, healthy prey species show defence mechanism while they are attacked by the predator. Moreover as the infected prey are already physically weak, so, predator apply cooperative hunting strategy while consume infected prey to get more food. It helps the predator population to grow with a higher rate. But calculation gives that if they start to hunt the infected prey with a larger cooperative hunting rate, then ultimately predator population decrease with time. Boundedness and positivity of the system variables show that the proposed model system is well-posed. Routh–Hurwitz criterion provides the local stability conditions of the equilibrium points. Also, the system becomes permanent under certain parametric restrictions. The numerical results, verified using MATLAB, support the analytical findings. Numerical simulations give that the parameter denoting cooperative hunting rate can change the system dynamics and we can get oscillating behaviour by regulating this parameter. Moreover transcritical and saddle-node bifurcations occur by regulating the death rate of predator around the critical points. Occurrence of Bogdanov–Takens, generalized Hopf and Cusp bifurcations have also been observed here.
Analysis of unsignalized intersection upgrading at constrained area in the city of Banda Aceh
Authors: Taufiqy R , Isya M , Darma Y , Thamalkhani  
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The city of Banda Aceh is the capital city of Aceh province. The city’s population is 259,913, and the city’s annual population growth rate is 1.97% (BPS, 2018). Punge intersection is one of the intersections in Banda Aceh; this intersection is passed by the numerous and dense traffic. Based on the observation in certain hours at Punge intersection, it reveals several problems, namely: the intersection capacity and the performance level of the intersection. As a result, this study is aimed to evaluate the performance of Punge intersection. The intersection calculation was based on the Indonesia Highway Capacity Manual (MKJI, 1997). The benefit that can be obtained from this research is to eliminate traffic conflict. According to the survey, it was discovered that the dominant traffic (3,053 pcu/hours) was at the Sultan Iskandar Muda Street, D, from the central city to Ulee Lheu; on the contrary, only a few traffic (559 pcu/hours) passed on Cempaka Punge Jurong Street, A. By way of conclusion, the intersection capacity is inadequate because the degree of saturation has exceeded 0.85, viz 1.851. Therefore, Simpang Punge needs some improvements, such as repairing traffic lights and its geometric.
The study of the operation of Trans Koetaradja public bus transportation of the corridor II A and II B in Banda Aceh city
Authors: Fachrurrozy F , Wulandari E , Darma Y 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aceh Government is trying to plan the integrated transportation system. Aceh Government has planned the construction of 6 Corridors of Trans Koetaradja Bus, some of them are Corridors II A and II B. The previous public transport cannot accommodate the transportation service needs of the route of Sultan Iskandar Muda Airport - city center - Ulee Lheue Crossing Port. However, currently, the Banda Aceh Trans Koetaradja Public Bus Transportation is projected to be able to improve the services optimally. The purpose of this study is to assess the level of performance and to improve the quality of the service up to the customers’ satisfaction expectations. The method of this research comprises the survey, which is sampling Kouto and distributing questionnaires and data analysis. The questionnaire distribution uses statistic test method and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) through the SERVQUAL approach, namely: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and physical evidence. The result of the study is that the current performance of the services of Trans Koetaradja public bus transportation is rated as good; the importance of the service regarding the customers’ expectation is rated good; the quality of service provided to customers is rated 94.52%. The conclusion of this study is that there are several shortages of transportation performance, such as the timeliness of arrival, waiting time at bus stops, passenger assistance, and available seats.
Analysis on the willingness to pay and ability to pay in determining the fares of Sigli - Banda Aceh toll road
Authors: Wathan QH , Isya M , Sugiarto  
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Sigli - Banda Aceh toll road, which has a length of 75 km, is part of the construction project of the Banda Aceh - Binjai toll road section. This toll road will become the first toll road in Aceh, so it is needed to do the research in order to plan the toll rates. The purpose of this study is to find out the value of ability to pay (ATP) and willingness to pay (WTP) of the community on toll fares. Observation surveys were carried out for two days, which is on Saturday and Sunday. The types of vehicles reviewed are group i vehicles which is light vehicles namely sedans, passenger car, and small buses, group II which is the truck with two axles, group III which is a truck with three axles, group IV which is the truck with four axles, and group V which is the truck with five axles or more. The results of the ability to pay (ATP) fares analysis for each group are as follows: group I (LV) is Rp. 60,193 which is rounded to Rp. 61,000; group IIA (MHV) is Rp. 174,089 which is rounded to Rp. 174,000; and Group IIB (LT & LB) is Rp. 120,579 which rounded to Rp. 121,000. On the other hand, the results of the willingness to pay (WTP) analysis for each group are as follows: group I (LV) is Rp. 52,305 which is rounded to Rp. 53,000; group IIA (MHV) is Rp. 124,655 which is rounded to Rp. 125,000; and group IIB (LT & LB) is Rp. 110,052 which is rounded to Rp. 110,000.
Small-sized contractors’ strategies of construction material purchasing in road rehabilitation projects
Authors: Maisarah SCS , Irfanto R , Abduh M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Material management in construction project consists of material requirements planning, selecting suppliers, purchasing process, managing inventories, utilizing material, and managing waste materials. Suppliers selection and purchasing materials are very important stage related to suppliers and contractor relationship that needs to be considered. This paper discusses strategic issues in managing the purchasing of construction materials for road projects accomplished by small-sized contractors in The Greater Bandung areas. Kraljic’s portfolio matrix approach is used to identify strategic construction materials. Initial data were obtained from three projects of road rehabilitation to identify seven strategic materials which further validated by gathering more data from the other 10 small-sized contractors. Based on the result of the identifying stage, it was found six strategic materials subsequently its strategic purchasing method was identified based on the characteristics of each material; building a strategic partnership was proposed for all materials.