bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocean acidification and photic‐zone anoxia at the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event: Insights from the Adriatic Carbonate Platform
Authors: Ettinger Nicholas P. , Larson Toti E. , Kerans Charles , Thibodeau Alyson M. , Hattori Kelly E. , Kacur Sean M. , Martindale Rowan C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSevere global climate change led to the deterioration of environmental conditions in the oceans during the Toarcian Stage of the Jurassic. Carbonate platforms of the Western Tethys Ocean exposed in Alpine Tethyan mountain ranges today offer insight into this period of environmental upheaval. In addition to informing understanding of climate change in deep time, the effect of ancient carbon cycle perturbations on carbonate platforms has important implications for anthropogenic climate change; the patterns of early Toarcian environmental deterioration are similar to those occurring in modern oceans. This study focuses on the record of the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (ca 183.1 Ma) in outcrops of the north‐west Adriatic Carbonate Platform in Slovenia. Amidst environmental deterioration, the north‐west Adriatic Platform abruptly transitioned from a healthy, shallow‐water environment with diverse metazoan ecosystems to a partially drowned setting with low diversity biota and diminished sedimentation. An organic carbon‐isotope excursion of −2.2‰ reflects the massive injection of CO2 into the ocean‐atmosphere system and marks the stratigraphic position of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. A prominent dissolution horizon and suppressed carbonate deposition on the platform are interpreted to reflect transient shoaling of the carbonate compensation depth to unprecedentedly shallow levels as the dramatic influx of CO2 overwhelmed the ocean’s buffering capacity, causing ocean acidification. Trace metal geochemistry and palaeoecology highlight water column deoxygenation, including the development of photic‐zone anoxia, preceding and during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. Ocean acidification and reduced oxygen levels likely had a profoundly negative effect on carbonate‐producing biota and growth of the Adriatic Platform. These effects are consistent with the approximate doubling of the concentration of CO2 in the ocean‐atmosphere system from pre‐event levels, which has previously been linked to a volcanic triggering mechanism. Mercury enrichments discovered in this study support a temporal and genetic link between volcanism, the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event and the carbonate crisis.
A note on measuring the volume of space‐time prisms and the area of their spatial projections
Authors: Elias Deepak , Kuijpers Bart 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSpace‐time prisms are often used to model the uncertainty of space‐time locations of moving objects between measured sample points. The volume of such prisms and the area of their spatial projections are frequently used as measures for spatio‐temporal and spatial accessibility. The aim of this article is to provide correct expressions for this volume and area, both for prisms with and without stationary activity time, and to provide proofs, based on elementary geometry, of their correctness. In this way we provide a better understanding and a clarification of the historical (and difficult to find) references, Lenntorp (1976) and Burns (1979), that are usually used.
Adenovirus causing hepatic abscess formation and unexplained fever in adult liver transplant recipients
Authors: Matar Abraham J. , Yoon Jane C. , Mehta Aneesh K. , Phadke Varun K. , Guarner Jeannette , Greer Ashley M. , Lo Denise J. , Magliocca Joseph F. , Kitchens William H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdenovirus infection is commonly associated with self‐limited respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses. However, infection in immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant recipients, can cause severe life‐threatening illness including pneumonitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, nephritis, hepatitis, and enterocolitis. In orthotopic liver transplant recipients, adenovirus viremia can cause hepatitis leading to marked transaminitis, allograft loss, and death. Although hepatic abscesses mediated by adenovirus have been described in other immunosuppressed patient populations, it has very rarely been described in liver transplant recipients. Here, we report two adult cases of hepatic abscesses following liver transplantation secondary to adenovirus infection and describe the successful treatment of these patients. Adenovirus should be considered as an uncommon etiology of hepatic abscess and unexplained fevers in adults following liver transplantation.
Whole‐genome de novo assemblies reveal extensive structural variations and dynamic organelle‐to‐nucleus DNA transfers in African and Asian rice
Authors: Ma Xin , Fan Jinjian , Wu Yongzhen , Zhao Shuangshuang , Zheng Xu , Sun Chuanqing , Tan Lubin 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYAsian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) and African cultivated rice (Oryza glaberrima) originated from the wild rice species Oryza rufipogon and Oryza barthii, respectively. The genomes of both cultivated species have undergone profound changes during domestication. Whole‐genome de novo assemblies of O. barthii, O. glaberrima, O. rufipogon and Oryza nivara, produced using PacBio single‐molecule real‐time (SMRT) and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, showed that Gypsy‐like retrotransposons are the major contributors to genome size variation in African and Asian rice. Through the detection of genome‐wide structural variations (SVs), we observed that besides 28 shared SV hot spots, another 67 hot spots existed in either the Asian or African rice genomes. Based on gene annotation information of the SVs, we established that organelle‐to‐nucleus DNA transfers resulted in numerous SVs that participated in the nuclear genome divergence of rice species and subspecies. We detected 52 giant nuclear integrants of organelle DNA (NORGs, defined as >10 kb) in six Oryza AA genomes. In addition, we developed an effective method to genotype giant NORGs, based on genome assembly, and first showed the dynamic change in the distribution of giant NORGs in rice natural population. Interestingly, 16 highly differentiated giant NORGs tended to accumulate in natural populations of Asian rice from higher latitude regions, grown at lower temperatures and light intensities. Our study provides new insight into the genome divergence of African and Asian rice, and establishes that organelle‐to‐nucleus DNA transfers, as potentially powerful contributors to environmental adaptation during rice evolution, play a major role in producing SVs in rice genomes.
Differential red blood cell age fractionation and Band 3 phosphorylation distinguish two different subtypes of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Bloch Evgenia M. , Branch Haley A. , Sakac Darinka , Leger Regina M. , Branch Donald R. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUNDWarm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) is a blood disorder characterized by the increased destruction of autologous red blood cells (RBCs) due to the presence of opsonizing pathogenic autoantibodies. Preliminary reports published more than three decades ago proposed the presence of two wAIHA subtypes: Type I, in which autoantibodies preferentially recognize the oldest, most dense RBCs; and Type II, characterized by autoantibodies that show no preference.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe evaluated patients having wAIHA for Type I and II subtype using discontinuous Percoll gradient age fractionation and direct antiglobulin test (DAT). We performed Western immunoblotting and mass spectrometry to show autoantibody specificity for Band 3. We investigated Band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation in different Percoll fractions to determine aging associated with oxidative stress.RESULTSWe confirm the existence of two subtypes of wAIHA, Type I and Type II, and that autoantibodies recognize Band 3. Type I patients were characterized by five Percoll fractions, with a DAT showing IgG opsonization F1 < F5 and elevated Band 3 phosphorylation compared to healthy controls (HCs). In contrast, Type II wAIHA patients were characterized by three to four Percoll fractions, where the DAT IgG opsonization shows F1 ≥ F3/4 and Band 3 phosphorylation was absent or significantly decreased compared to HC.CONCLUSIONSType I patients have increased Band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation that may represent accelerated aging of their RBCs resulting in exacerbation of a pathologic form of RBC senescence. Type II patients show decreased Band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation and lack the oldest, most dense RBCs suggesting premature RBC clearance and a more severe wAIHA.
Development of an Innovative Tool to Appraise Big Data for Best Evidence
Authors: Carrington Jane M. , Love Rene 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDatum from electronic sources has accumulated and resulted in the establishment of big data and data science. Big data consists of data sets that are larger than traditional data processing applications can manage. Data science is the research method used to analyze big data. Researchers are applying research methods to harness large and complex data sets to increase our understanding of population health by creating predictive models of patients using a variety of key variables or characteristics. Evidence‐based practice relies on the appraisal of research to ensure rigor prior to implementation in clinical settings. Consistent with other research methods, papers based on data science should be subject to appraisal for determination of best evidence. The purpose of this paper is to present a tool that can be used to appraise research papers based on large data sets and data science research methods.MethodsThe following approach was used to develop the Data Science Appraisal Tool (DSAT). Despite an exhaustive search, we were unable to locate an appraisal tool for papers based on data science research methods. We then synthesized the extant literature to form the tool. The tool is based on the common characteristics of big data: (a) verification that the data set is representative of big data; (b) preparation of the data for analysis; (c) methodology used for data analysis; (d) results; and (e) theoretically based.Linking Evidence to ActionAppraisal tools currently exist for traditional and well‐known research methods. The DSAT provides a method to appraise papers based in data science for best evidence.
Increased lipopolysaccharide‐induced hypothermia in neurogenic hypertension is caused by reduced hypothalamic PGE2 production and increased heat loss
Authors: Amorim Mateus R. , Moreira Diego A. , Santos Bruna M. , Ferrari Gustavo D. , Nogueira Jonatas E. , de Deus Júnia L. , Alberici Luciane C. , Branco Luiz G. S. 
Published: August 2020

Key points
The mechanisms involved in hypothermia and fever during systemic inflammation (SI) remain largely unknown.
Our data support the contention that brain‐mediated mechanisms are different in hypertension during SI.
Considering that, clinically, it is not easy to assess all mechanisms involved in cardiovascular and thermoregulatory control during SI, the present study sheds light on these integrated mechanisms that may be triggered simultaneously in septic hypertensive patients.
The result obtained demonstrate that, in lipopolysaccharide‐induced SI, an increased hypothermia is observed in neurogenic hypertension, which is caused by reduced hypothalamic prostaglandin E2 production and increased heat loss in conscious rats.
Therefore, the results of the present study provide useful insight for clinical trials evaluating the thermoregulatory outcomes of septic patients with hypertension.
AbstractHypertension is a prevalent disease characterized by autonomic‐induced elevated and sustained blood pressure levels and abnormal body core temperature (Tb) regulation. The present study aimed to determine the brain‐mediated mechanisms involved in the thermoregulatory changes observed during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced systemic inflammation (SI; at a septic‐like model) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We combined Tb and skin temperature (Tsk) analysis, assessment of prostaglandin (PG) E2 levels (the proximal mediator of fever) in the anteroventral region of the hypothalamus (AVPO; an important site for Tb control), oxygen consumption analysis, cardiovascular recordings, assays of inflammatory markers, and evaluation of oxidative stress in the plasma and brain of male Wistar rats and SHR that had received LPS (1.5 mg kg−1) or saline. LPS induced hypothermia followed by fever in Wistar rats, whereas, in SHR, a maintained hypothermia without fever were observed. These thermoregulatory responses were associated with an increased heat loss in SHR compared to Wistar rats. We measured LPS‐induced increased PGE2 levels in the AVPO in Wistar rats, but not in SHR. The LPS‐induced drop in blood pressure was higher in SHR than in Wistar rats. Furthermore, LPS‐induced plasma and brain [regions involved in autonomic control: nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)] cytokine surges were blunted, whereas oxidative stress was higher in SHR. LPS‐induced SI leads to blunted cytokine surges both systemically (plasma) and centrally (NTS and RVLM) and reduced hypothalamic PGE2 production, which are all associated with increased hypothermia mediated by increased heat loss, but not by heat production, in SHR.
Compact Algebraic Asymptotes for Small and Large Time Surface Temperatures for Regular Solid Bodies Heated With Uniform Heat Flux: Scrutiny of New Critical Fourier Numbers
Authors: Delgado-Torres Agustín M. , Campo Antonio , Masip-Macia Yunesky 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The alternate infinite series at “small time” have been used to analyze the time variation of surface temperatures (ϕs) in regular solid bodies heated with uniform heat flux. In this way, compact algebraic asymptotes are successfully retrieved for ϕs in a plate, cylinder, and sphere in the “small time” sub-domain extending from 0 to the critical dimensionless time or critical Fourier number. For the “large time” sub-domain, the exact solution is approximated in two ways: with the “one-term” series and with the simple asymptotes corresponding to extreme “large time” conditions. Maximum relative errors of 1.23%, 6.24%, and 0.96% in ϕs for the plate, cylinder, and sphere are τcr obtained, respectively, with the “small time”—“large time” approximation using a traditional approach to fix the τcr value. An alternative approach to set the τcr is proposed to minimize the maximum relative error of the approximated solutions so that values of 1.19%, 3.93%, and 0.16% are then obtained for the plate, cylinder, and sphere, respectively, with the “small time”—“large time” approximation. For the “small time”—“one-term” approximation maximum relative errors of 0.024%, 1.33%, and 0.004% for the plate, cylinder, and sphere are obtained, respectively, with this approach.
Performance Evaluation of a Standing Wave Thermoacoustic Refrigerator Using Normalized Sensitivity Coefficients
Authors: Bhatti Umar Nawaz , Bashmal Salem 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The sensitivity analysis using normalized sensitivity coefficient (NSC) can be used to identify important model parameters affecting the device performance by allowing one-to-one comparison. The results are highlighted in the form of order of magnitudes change in output for a unit change in input variable. In this study, the sensitivity analysis of a small capacity standing wave thermoacoustic refrigerator (SWTAR) has been performed using NSC. Specialized tool deltaec has been used to generate the results for the subsequent sensitivity analysis. Three key performance parameters, i.e., temperature difference achieved (ΔT), coefficient of performance (COP), and relative coefficient of performance (COPR) have been analyzed for perturbations in number of device variables, namely, oscillating pressure amplitude, two different stack material properties and four stack geometric parameters, i.e., stack length, stack center position, stack plate thickness, and half stack spacing. Sensitivity results are obtained for a wide range of mean operating pressures (Pm), mean operating temperature (Tm), and drive ratios (DRs). It has been found that performance parameters are most sensitive to the perturbations in oscillating pressure amplitude and least affected by the perturbations in the stack length. With respect to the oscillating pressure amplitude, maximum NSC of 24.12 has been reported for ΔT at mean pressure of 5 bar.
On the High-Temperature Flow Response of Friction Stir Processed Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Ali , Yapici Guney Guven 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the current work, multi-pass friction stir processing (FSP) was utilized to fabricate samples of fine-grained aluminum–zinc (AZ) magnesium alloy and its metal matrix composite (MMC). The microstructure and high-temperature tensile behavior of friction stir processed (FSPed) AZ31 and AZ31/SiC MMC at various strain rates in the range of 10−2 to 10−4 s−1 were investigated, and the fracture mechanisms of each condition were analyzed. The results verified that MMC samples exhibited a remarkable enhancement in microhardness. The evolution of inclined basal texture was observed after processing for both FSPed and MMC samples. The ambient temperature stress–strain response revealed that the formability of AZ31 has improved after friction stir processing, whereas high-temperature flow curves were discernibly sensitive to strain rate. Equiaxed deep dimples were detected on the fracture surfaces of FSPed samples, but decreased strain rate led to an increase in the number of dimples as attributed to the recrystallization of new grains.
Numerical Investigation of the Thermo-Hydraulic Characteristics for Annular Vortex Tube: A Comparison With Ranque–Hilsch Vortex Tube
Authors: Khosravi Milad , Sadi Meisam , Arabkoohsar Ahmad , Ebrahimi-Moghadam Amir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work, a new configuration of the vortex tubes (VTs), called annular VTs, is proposed to improve the temperature separation performance. In the proposed configuration, a compartment has been added on the top of the tube wall that the separated hot outlet is repassed inside it over the hot tube. An axisymmetric swirl model of the Ranque–Hilsch (RH) and annual VTs is numerically simulated, and the thermo-hydraulic characteristics of them are compared for cold mass fractions ranging 0.2–0.8. The results illustrated that a small secondary circulation is created near the cold outlet of the RHVT that is not observed in the annular model. This secondary circulation is a destructive mechanism in VTs that results in more mixing and higher temperature in the cold outlet section. Analyzing the results indicates that using annular VT causes up to 12.51% increment of the hot outlet temperature compared to the RHVT model (which occurs at a mass fraction of 0.23). Also, up to 9.23% reduction of the cold outlet temperature is occurred (which occurs at a mass fraction of 0.37). These explanations prove the improvement of the annular VT compared to that of the conventional VTs.
Improving treatment and outcomes for young people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in the youth justice system: A social work led response and practice framework
Authors: Oatley Vanessa , Gibbs Anita 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION: Young people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in Aotearoa New Zealand are both primed for, and hindered within the youth justice (YJ) system. This research provides a fresh perspective on how social workers can take a lead role in ensuring young people with FASD receive neurodevelopmentally appropriate interventions both within the YJ system and upon return to their communities.METHODS: A systematic literature review of secondary data was undertaken to explore themes, including the connection between the impacts of FASD and risk of contact with the YJ system; how FASD affects the young person’s ability to navigate the YJ system; best practice recommendations to ensure just treatment for young people in the YJ system; and the potential for social work to take a lead role in improving treatment and outcomes for young people with FASD in the YJ system.FINDINGS: Key findings include the confirmation of the link between young people with FASD and the YJ population; consistent best practice recommendations for treatment and interventions; and a clear positive relationship between the social work mandate and the implementation of the recommended treatment for young people with FASD who have had contact with the YJ system.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Based on the research findings, an FASD-informed practice framework has been developed as a tool to guide social workers who are working with young people with FASD in the Aotearoa New Zealand YJ system and beyond.
Intersectionality and sisterhood in the time of Covid-19
Authors: Sumihira Ai 
Published: August 2020

This article will explore some evidence which shows the extent to which the female workforce in healthcare is undervalued at the present time. I also found a number of studies describing strong examples of resilient women acting in times of environmental crises. I will explore how feminisms in social work recognise the diverse experiences of women of colour. Throughout our continuing national experience of Covid-19, social cohesion in Aotearoa has been said to have played a significant role (Spoonley et al., 2020), with the country acting as a “team of five million”. While Spoonley et al.’s study (2020) emphasises the importance of social cohesion when it comes to working as a trusted collective, in this article I will argue that our society needs to bounce back to a better and more inclusive norm during the ongoing recovery from Covid-19.
Association between traumatic brain injuries and ketamine infusion side effects following combat injury
Authors: Kane Alexandra Victoria , Giordano N A , Tran J , Kent M L , Highland K B 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionKetamine is a vital component for acute pain management in emergency trauma care for both civilian and military hospitals. This preliminary analysis examined whether combat-injured US service members sustaining traumatic brain injuries (TBI) experienced increased odds of ketamine side effects compared with those without TBI.MethodsThis preliminary analysis included combat-injured service members, ages ≥18 years with documented pain scores during the 24 hours before and 48 hours after receiving an intravenous ketamine infusion at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC) between 2007 and 2014. Logistic regression modeling examined the association between TBI and ketamine side effects (eg, hallucinations, nightmares, dysphoria, nausea, decreased oxygen saturation) during hospitalisation.ResultsOf the 77 patients, 62% presented with a documented TBI. Side effects were documented for 18.8% of those without TBI and 24.4% of those with TBI. Analyses were unable to find evidence against the null hypothesis with the current sample size, even when adjusting for injury characteristics and preinfusion opioid doses (adjusted OR=0.90 (95% CI 0.26 to 3.34), p=0.87).ConclusionIn this small sample of combat-injured service members, we were unable to detect a difference in ketamine-related side effects by documented TBI status. These hypothesis-generating findings support the need for future studies to examine the use of intravenous ketamine infusions for pain management, and subsequent care outcomes in patients who experience polytraumatic trauma inclusive of TBI.