bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T119. NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VOLITIVE AND EXPRESSIVE NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS FOR EARLY TREATMENT RESPONSE IN FIRST EPISODE OF PSYCHOSIS ANTIPSYCHOTIC NAïVE PATIENTS
Authors: Haguiara Bernardo , Koga Tonsig Gabriela , Kagan Simão , Cavalcante Daniel , Noto Cristiano , Bressan Rodrigo , Gadelha Ary 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Negative symptoms are associated with a range of poor clinical and real-life functioning outcomes in people with schizophrenia. The division of negative symptoms into two separate factors, named “expressive deficits” and “social amotivation” could enable more accurate analysis and the development of new therapeutic tools. We aim to investigate whether the different symptoms that make up the negative dimension at baseline differently predict treatment response in first episode psychosis (FEP) antipsychotic naïve patients.

Methods
Patients with FEP (n=80), without previous use of antipsychotics, were recruited at an emergency service in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2014 and 2019. Individuals were assessed at admission and after 10 weeks of follow-up. Patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and schizophreniform disorder were included. The diagnosis was confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID-I). Patients were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at the baseline and after 10 weeks of treatment. The “expressive deficits” factor was defined as the sum of the six following items of the PANSS: N1 (blunted affect), N3 (poor rapport), N6 (lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation), G5 (mannerisms and posturing), G7 (motor retardation), G13 (disturbance of volition). The “social amotivation” factor was defined as the sum of N2 (emotional withdrawal), N4 (passive/apathetic social withdrawal) and G16 (active social avoidance). To evaluate treatment response, we used the difference between the PANSS score at baseline and after ten weeks of follow-up (delta-PANSS). We performed three linear regressions, one using the “expressive deficits” factor, one using the “social amotivation” factor and another using the total negative symptom score at baseline.

Results
The mean age was 26.01 years old (SD ± 7.2), and the majority was male (58.75%). “Expressive deficits” (p=0.005, R-squared=0.084, F-test=8.28, β=8.24, df=78), “social amotivation” (p=0.009, R-squared=0,072, F-test=7.14, β=5.59, df=78); and negative symptoms (p=0.002, R-squared=0.105, F-test=10.23, β=9.08, df=78) at baseline behaved similarly in relation to delta-PANSS. All measures of negative symptoms are highly correlated to PANSS total at both time points.

Discussion
The results were different from our initial hypothesis of worse outcome for patients with higher expressive negative symptoms. We found that negative symptoms overall and both subdomains are highly correlated to PANSS total in acute phase in early stages, what can explain the association to better outcomes with antipsychotic treatment. Longer follow-up can help us to investigate whether differences between the subdomains of negative symptoms can be observed in more stable patients.
T121. BLUNTED AFFECT EARLY PROGRESSION IN DRUG-NAïVE FIRST EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS: 10-WEEK FOLLOW UP
Authors: Kagan Simão , Coutinho Luccas , Cavalcante Daniel , Noto Mariane , Nakamura André , Bressan Rodrigo A , Cordeiro Quirino , Belangero Sintia , Noto Cristiano , Gadelha Ary , Neto Ary Gadelha de Alencar Araripe , Gadelha Ary 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The study of individual negative symptoms is encouraged as they may have separate neurobiological substrates and require specific therapeutic strategies. Blunted affect is a decrease in the observed expression of emotion and may be more fluctuant than expected. We aim to investigate early trajectories of blunted affect in first episode schizophrenia (FES) patients without previous antipsychotic-treatment.

Methods
We included 82 first episode psychosis antipsychotic naïve patients meeting the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, schizoaffective or schizophreniform disorder. All participant started risperidone (1-4mg) after the first assessment. Socioeconomic and demographic data were collected at baseline. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied at both assessments. PANSS negative component item N1 was used to access blunted affect. Participants were divided into three groups for each assessment according to their N1 score: (i) absence of symptoms - score 1 or 2; (ii) Mild intensity - score 3 or 4; and (iii) Severe intensity - score 5 to 7.

Results
Mean age was 25.77 (sd: ±7.27) years-old and 61% were male. Mean total PANSS was 92.74 (sd: ± 22.37) at baseline and 65.54 (sd: ± 20.42) at follow up. Mean risperidone dose at follow up was 3.71 (± 1.51). Forty three (52%) study participants had persistence of blunted affect at 10-week follow up regardless of symptom intensity. Sixteen (19.5%) patients never displayed blunted affect. In fact, the most common trajectories include participants who persists with the same symptom severity (n=48). Symptoms improved in 17 participants and got worse in 17 as well. Only one participant started the study without symptom and evolved to high intensity at follow up, while no participant started the study with high severity symptoms and evolved to absence of symptoms.

Discussion
Our study suggests that blunted affect exhibit different trajectories, but its intensity tends to remain stable over short-term follow up. Blunted affect may be unresponsive to risperidone at the beginning of treatment. Most of the previous studies addressed trajectories of negative symptoms as a group. Only few addressed the progression of blunted affect and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first to use a sample of drug-naïve FES patients. Also, we selected only participants in use of risperidone after first assessment in order to reduce bias. A sample of drug naïve FES patients brings opportunities like assessing the course of blunted affect at an early phase of the condition and reducing confounders such as chronicity and exposure to antipsychotics.
T128. ATTACHMENT REPRESENTATIONS IN CHILDREN AT FAMILIAL HIGH RISK OF SEVERE MENTAL DISORDERS. ASSOCIATIONS WITH PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, LEVEL OF FUNCTIONING, AND PSYCHOTIC EXPERIENCES
Authors: Gregersen Maja , Ellersgaard Ditte Vestbjerg , Søndergaard Anne , Christiani Camilla , Hemager Nicoline , Spang Katrine Søborg , Burton Birgitte Klee , Uddin Md Jamal , Ohland Jessica , Gantriis Ditte , Greve Aja , Mors Ole , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Nordentoft Merete , Clemmensen Lars , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Thorup Anne Amalie Elgaard 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
There is evidence of higher rates of insecure and disorganized attachment in infancy in children born to parents with severe mental disorders, but evidence on attachment in middle childhood for these children is lacking. This study aims to explore attachment representations in seven-year-old children born to parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. We also aim to explore possible associations between attachment and psychopathology, level of functioning, and psychotic experiences in these children.

Methods
The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study VIA 7 is a prospective cohort study of 522 seven-year-old children born in Denmark. The cohort consists of children where one or both parents have been diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (N=202), children where one or both parents have been diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder (N=120) and children where neither of the parents have been diagnosed with these disorders (N=200). Attachment representations were assessed with the Story Stem Assessment Protocol whereas psychopathology, level of functioning, and psychotic experiences were assessed with K-SADS.

Results
Data analyses are ongoing but preliminary results indicate that there are no significant differences in attachment representations between the three groups of children, but that there are associations between higher rates of insecure and disorganized attachment and a higher risk of psychopathology. Results will be presented at the SIRS-conference.

Discussion
Understanding attachment and its correlates in children at familial high risk of severe mental disorders is important in order to strengthen our understanding of developmental trajectories towards mental disorders in these children.
T130. A SURVEY OF MENTAL HEALTH LITERACY USING THE INTERNET IN JAPAN
Authors: Yamaguchi Taiju , Oguchi Yoshiyo , Ojio Yasutaka , Mori Ryoichi , Oooka Minako , Baba Yoko , Funatogawa Tomoyuki , Katagiri Naoyuki , Tsujino Naohisa , Nemoto Takahiro , Mizuno Masafumi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Insufficient mental health literacy (MHL) of the general public is one of the major factors that prevent early intervention for mental illness. Insufficient MHL may exacerbate the stigma attached to people with mental illness. In Japan, there have been few large-scale surveys to determine the MHL level of the general public. Hence, we conducted a large-scale internet-based survey of 3000 citizens, to clarify the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of the general public with respect to “prevention of and recovery from mental illness.”

Methods
We conducted a survey of 3000 citizens (aged 18 to 79 years, 1483 males and 1517 females) to determine their MHL level, using a questionnaire posted on the internet. The survey consisted of 22 questions about MHL, grouped into 8 categories.

Results
The results of our survey were as follows:

Discussion
It was found that in Japan, many citizens were aware of the importance of mental health, but that there was still a stigma attached to people with mental illness. In addition, they were found to be still poorly aware of representative mental illnesses, such as depression and schizophrenia. For improving these aspects, the MHL level of the general public needs to be further improved. In Japan, it has been pointed out that education on mental health is insufficient. However, education on mental health as a course on “prevention of and recovery from mental illness” is expected to be started in high schools in 2022. This would be expected to further improve the MHL level of the general public in the near future.
T139. OXYTOCIN ENHANCES NEURAL EFFICIENCY IN INFERRING OTHERS’ SOCIAL EMOTIONS IN PEOPLE AT CLINICAL HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS
Authors: Schmidt André , Davies Cathy , Paloyelis Yannis , Rutigliano Grazia , Cappucciati Marco , De Micheli Andrea , Ramella-Cravaro Valentina , Provenzani Umberto , Scutt Eleanor , Oliver Dominic , Murguia Silvia , Zelaya Fernando , Allen Paul , Shergill Sukhi , Morrison Paul , Williams Steven , Taylor David , Lythgoe David J , Borgwardt Stefan , McGuire Philip , Fusar-poli Paolo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Negative symptoms are core contributors to social deficits in psychosis. However, currently available interventions do not significantly ameliorate negative symptoms or social outcomes in individuals at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis (CHR-P). Given its critical role in human social behaviour and cognition, the oxytocin (OT) system is a promising target for the treatment of social impairments in CHR-P subjects.

Methods
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 30 CHR-P males were studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on two occasions, once after 40IU intranasal OT and once after placebo. A modified version of the Sally-Anne task was used to record brain activation during inferring others’ beliefs (cognitive empathy) and social emotions (emotional empathy). The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test was acquired to test whether OT effects were mediated by baseline social-emotional abilities.

Results
OT did not modulate behavioural task performance but reduced activation in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus compared with placebo during emotional empathy. Furthermore, the relationship between brain activation and task performance after OT administration was mediated by baseline social-emotional abilities; while task accuracy during emotional empathy increased with decreasing activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus in CHR-P individuals with low social-emotional abilities, there was no such relationship in CHR-P individual with high social-emotional abilities.

Discussion
These findings suggest that OT enhances neural efficiency in inferring others’ social emotions in those people at clinical high risk for psychosis with attenuated emotional empathy.
T149. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND VASCULAR AGE IN ADULTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA COMPARED TO A HEALTHY POPULATION: DATA FROM CORTEX-SP STUDY
Authors: Tous-Espelosin Mikel , Iriarte-Yoller Nagore , MartinezAguirre-Betolaza Aitor , Hervella Isabel , Corres Pablo , Pavón Cristobal , Arratibel-Imaz Iñaki , Elizagárate Edorta , Sanchez Pedro , Sanpedro Agurne , de Zárate Amaia Ortiz , Ojeda Natalia , Peña Javier , Ibarretxe-Bilbao Naroa , Maldonado-Martin Sara 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in people with schizophrenia (SP). The European guidelines on CVD prevention recommend that people with high levels of individual risk factors should automatically have all their risk factors actively managed. It is suggested that CVD risk in SP should be assessed by general risk charts and to include specific relative risk chart for people with severe mental illnesses. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to estimate CVD risk and vascular age in adults with SP and compared them with a healthy sample.

Methods
A total of 85 participants with SP (16.2% women, 42.1±10.0 yr old) were compared with 30 HEALTHY participants (60.0% women, 40.0±9.0 yr old). CVD risk was calculated using Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation (SCORE), Framingham Heart Score-Cardiovascular Disease (FRS-CVD), relative risk SCORE and vascular age. Likewise, the variables assessed to calculate the risk charts were age, body mass index, smoking percentage, systolic blood pressure (SBP) through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring during 24 hours and through a fasting biochemical profile, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC).

Results
All HEALTHY variables were in normal values. Sample with SP showed overweight (body mass index=27.1±6.1 kg∙m-2) and higher (P&lt;0.001) smoking percentage than HEALTHY (69.8% vs. 16.1%). Both groups presented normotensive SBP values (SP=115±15 mmHg, HEALTHY=113±10 mmHg). Concerning cholesterol profile, SP showed lower to optimal values in HDL-C (39.0±12.0 mg/dL), yet both were in optimal TC levels (SP=189.7±44 mg/dL, HEALTHY=183.6±35.1 mg/dL). Considering SCORE, both groups were in low risk values with higher (P&lt;0.001) values in SP (0.6±1.0 vs. 0.1±0.4). However, according to relative risk SCORE and FRS-CVD, SP showed medium risk (2.0±1.0; 6.7±12.3), and HEALTHY low (1.0±0.4; 2.6±2.8) risk, respectively. Vascular age was higher (P&lt;0.001) in SP than HEALTHY (48.0±26.0 vs. 36.0±24.0 yr).

Discussion
Patients suffering from SP compared to HEALTHY showed higher CVD risk and vascular age. These results strongly suggest the promotion of a healthy lifestyle behavior in order to optimize risk factors.
T166. VISUALIZATION OF AMPA RECEPTORS IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND DEPRESSION: THE FIRST PET IMAGING STUDY
Authors: Uchida Hiroyuki , Miyazaki Tomoyuki , Nakajima Waki , Hatano Mai , Tani Hideaki , Nagai Nobuhiro , Koizumi Teruki , Nakajima Shinichiro , Mimura Masaru , Takahashi Takuya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Evidence on physiological roles of AMPA receptors in psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, has been accumulated, which mainly derives from psychiatric disease model animals as well as post-mortem brain tissues. However, its clinical translation was limited due to lack of any tool to visualize AMPA receptors in living human brain. We have recently developed a new positron emission tomography (PET) probe for AMPA receptors (Miyazaki et al. Nature Medicine, in press). Here, we used the first PET probe that specifically binds to AMPA receptors and successfully visualized these receptors in living human brain of patients with schizophrenia.

Methods
We developed a novel PET probe for AMPARs, named [11C]K-2 (Miyazaki et al. Nature Medicine, in press). Male patients aged 30–49 with schizophrenia according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) underwent a [11C]K-2 PET scan and an MRI scan for co-registration of the PET image and received clinical assessments for symptomatology, including the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) (registration number: UMIN000025132).
[11C]K-2 was synthesized at Yokohama City University Hospital in accordance with GMP ordinance and was certified by the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine. PET imaging was performed with a TOSHIBA Aquiduo scanner (TOSHIBA Medical), which provided an axial FOV of 240 mm, and 80 contiguous 2.0 mm thick slices. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR)30–50 min with the whole brain and white matter as a reference was calculated, respectively.

Results
Ten subjects with schizophrenia (mean±SD age, 43.1±3.1 years; duration of illness, 16.8±8.0 years; PANSS total score, 61.7±13.4) participated in this study. There were negative correlations between SUVR30-50 min with the whole brain as a reference in the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampus and PANSS total scores according to the voxel-wise analysis. These correlations were not observed when the while matter was used as a reference.

Discussion
[11C]K-2 has revealed distinct distribution patterns of AMPA receptors for schizophrenia. Thus, [11C]K-2 is proven to be a potent PET tracer that can be used to visualize AMPARs with high contrast, leading to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia.
T171. HIGH POLYGENIC BURDEN IS ASSOCIATED WITH BLOOD DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR
Authors: Cabrera Brenda , Martínez-Magaña José Jaime , Mendoza Alma Delia Genis , Sarmiento Emmanuel , Ruíz-Ramos David , Tóvilla-Zarate Carlos Alfonso , González-Castro Thelma Beatriz , Juárez-Rojop Isela Esther , García-de la Cruz Dulce Dajheanne , López-Armenta Mauro , Real Fernanda , García-Dolores Fernando , Flores Gonzalo , Vázquez-Roque Rubén Antonio , Lanzagorta Nuria , Escamilla Michael , Saucedo-Uribe Erasmo , Rodríguez-Mayoral Oscar , Jiménez-Genchi Janet , Castañeda-González Carlos , Roche-Bergua Andrés , Nicolini Humberto 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Suicidal behavior may be divided into completed suicide, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation. It has been suggested that these behaviors represent a continuum and result from the interaction of several contributors, including genetic and environmental factors. The integration of approaches considering the polygenic component of suicidal behavior, such as polygenic risk scores (PRS) and DNA methylation is promising for improving our understanding of the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors in this behavior. The aim of this study was the evaluation of DNA methylation differences between individuals with high and low genetic burden for suicidality.

Methods
The present study was divided into two phases. In the first phase, genotyping with the Psycharray chip was performed in a discovery sample of 568 Mexican individuals, of which 149 had suicidal behavior (64 individuals with suicidal ideation, 50 with suicide attempt and 35 with completed suicide) and 419 non-suicide controls. Then, a PRS analysis based on summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomic Consortium was performed in the discovery sample. In a second phase, we evaluated DNA methylation differences between individuals with high and low genetic burden for suicidality in a sub-sample of the discovery sample (target sample) of 94 subjects. Methylation profile from individuals in the target sample was assessed with the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip.

Results
We identified 153 differentially methylated sites between individuals with low and high-PRS. From these, 91 sites were hypermethylated and 62 hypomethylated in the high PRS group relative to low PRS group. Among genes mapped to differentially methylated sites, we found genes involved in neurodevelopment and ATP binding.

Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first study integrating polygenic risk scores and DNA methylation in suicidality. Our results suggest that genetic variants might increase the predisposition to epigenetic variations in genes involved in neurodevelopment. This study highlights the possible implication of polygenic burden in the alteration of epigenetic changes in suicidal behavior.
T179. WHEN TOO LITTLE IS TOO MUCH: TEMPORARY PREFRONTAL MICROGLIA DEFICIENCY DURING ADOLESCENCE IMPAIRS ADULT BRAIN FUNCTIONS
Authors: Schalbetter Sina-Maria , Dawson Kara , Müller Flavia , Scarborough Joseph , Weber-Stadlbauer Ulrike , Ivanov Andranik , Mattei Daniele , Richetto Juliet , Notter Tina , Meyer Urs 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Aberrant activity of microglia, the primary innate immune cells of the brain parenchyma, may play a role in the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia and related disorders. While current immunopsychiatric research indicates that microglial hyperactivity may contribute to psychotic illness in some cases, the diametrical opposite (i.e. microglial hypoactivity) may be pathologically and therapeutically relevant for others. The latter hypothesis, however, remains largely unexplored and thus warrants investigation.

Methods
We aimed at developing a model system in mice, in which the short- and long-term effects of selective, temporary and local depletion of microglia can be studied experimentally. This model system is based on intracerebral injection of clodronate disodium salt (CDS) into selected brain areas of interest. The behavioral and cognitive effects of temporary microglia depletion in the adolescent medial frontal cortex (mPFC) were assessed after full microglia recovery in adulthood. In addition, genome-wide transcriptional profiling was conducted during the peak of microglia depletion and after full microglia recovery in the mPFC.

Results
We show that a single intracerebral injection of CDS is a suitable and efficient approach to selectively deplete microglia without affecting astrocytes and neurons in-vivo, leading to a robust (~ 80% depletion) but temporary (~ 1 week) microglia deficiency in selected brain areas of interest. Using this model, we further demonstrate that CDS injection into mPFC during late adolescence (6 weeks of age) causes numerous mPFC-related cognitive dysfunctions in adulthood, that is, when microglial cells have been fully restored again. The spectrum of cognitive deficits included impairments in social recognition memory, temporal order memory and extinction of conditioned fear responses. These deficits emerged similarly in male and female animals and were paralleled by a permanent transcriptional dysregulation of genes relevant for synaptic refinement and stability. Intriguingly, CDS injections into the mPFC during early adolescence (4 weeks of age) or adulthood (12 weeks of age) did not induce similar cognitive dysfunctions in adulthood.

Discussion
Taken together, the present data demonstrate that temporary prefrontal microglia deficiency during adolescence leads to permanent cognitive impairments in adulthood. Our findings further highlight that distinct adolescent stages of cortical maturation show a differing sensitivity towards the long-term cognitive effects of temporary microglia hypoactivity.