bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report for Levodopa Electrocatalytic Oxidation Based on Copper Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF): Application in a Voltammetric Sensor Development for Levodopa in Real Samples
Authors: Asadpour Joghani Roghaiyeh , Abbas Rafati Amir , Ghodsi Javad , Assari Parnaz , Feizollahi Azizallah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLevodopa (LD) determination was achieved for the first time by a cooper metal‐organic framework (MOF) based nanocomposite modified electrode. This research describes a simple, sensitive and cost‐effective electrochemical method for the detection of LD in real samples and the laboratory samples. This method is based on LD oxidation on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface modified with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and copper terephthalic acid MOF (MWCNTs/Cu (TPA) MOF) nanocomposite. MOF was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The synthesized MOF was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT‐IR), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical studies were accomplished by square wave voltammetry (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The applied MOF, as a Cu‐containing synthetic peroxidase enzyme, can electrocatalyze oxidation of LD on the electrode surface and in incorporation with MWCNTs illustrated satisfactory synergic electrocatalytical properties which leads to sensitive detection of LD in the human serum sample. Limit of detection (LOD), sensitivity and linear range were 2 nmol L–1, 2.26 μA/μmol L–1 and 0.9‐35 μmol L–1 respectively, which in compared to other enzymatic or non‐enzymatic sensors were completely satisfying. Ultimately, stability, repeatability and reproducibility of as‐prepared sensor were investigated and the results were acceptable.
Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Guanidine‐Based Magnetic Nanocatalyst for the One‐Pot, Four‐Component Synthesis of Polyhydroquinolines in Water
Authors: Aghahosseini Hamideh , Ranjbar Mohammad Reza , Ramazani Ali 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new guanidine‐based magnetic nanocatalyst was prepared according to a three‐step operationally simple process using simple, cheap and readily‐available chemicals. Guanidine as the organocatalytic center was covalently attached to amino‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles via cyanuric chloride as a cross‐linking agent. The developed nanocatalyst was employed efficiently for the one‐pot, four‐component synthesis of polyhydroquinolines as the medicinally important polycyclic heterocycle compounds in water according to a convenient catalytic procedure. The nanocatalyst could be magnetically separated from the reaction mixture and reused for several times. The reaction profile was very clean and only 0.2 mol% of catalyst is needed to obtain products in excellent yields at very short reaction times according to an easy work‐up procedure.
Mn/Co Redox Cycle Promoted Catalytic Performance of Mesoporous SiO2‐Confined Highly Dispersed LaMnxCo1‐xO3 Perovskite Oxides in n‐Butylamine Combustion
Authors: Cui Wei , Chen Huawei , Liu Qing , Cui Mifen , Chen Xian , Fei Zhaoyang , Huang Jincan , Tao Zuliang , Wang Minghong , Qiao Xu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, highly‐dispersed perovskite‐type oxides LaMnxCo1‐xO3 supported on mesoporous SiO2 (LMxC1‐xO/SiO2) were synthesized by a citric acid‐assisted deposition method. For LMxC1‐xO/SiO2 catalysts, the double B‐site transition metal ions can not only significantly arise the surface defects, but also lead to the formation of (Mn3++Co3+)/(Co2++Mn4+) redox cycle, both of which were able to improve the catalytic performance of LMxC1‐xO/SiO2 in n‐butylamine combustion. Strikingly, LM0.2C0.8O/SiO2 catalyst showed the optimum catalytic performance (T90%=210 °C at a space velocity of 15,000 mL gcat−1 h−1) and the lowest NOx yield among the LMxC1‐xO/SiO2 samples, which could be greatly assigned to the accelerated activation and circulation of the oxygen species initiated by the surface defects and redox cycle.
Synthesis of Calix[6]thiophenes and Calix[6]furans
Authors: Lee Gon‐Ann , Shih Yi‐Fan , Lin Hung‐Chun , Wang Wen‐Chieh , Chan Hsu‐Ting , Lee Hsin‐Yi , Lee Chih‐Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAfter thiophene and furan were treated with n‐BuLi, respectively, the mixtures were reacted with various ketones and then dehydrated under acidic conditions. This reaction sequence led to the formation of 1‐(2‐heteroaryl)cycloalkenes and (2‐heteroaryl)alkenes. When the alkenes were treated with 10 mol % NIS, calix[4]arenes were produced as the major products, with minor amounts of calix[6]arenes sometimes being produced. Reducing the loading of NIS to 1 mol % and increasing its overall concentration to 6 M resulted in a substantial increase in the yield of hexaspirocyclohexyl calix[6]thiophene (from 2 to 66 %).
Mechanism and Regioselectivity of 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrile Oxides to 3‐Methylene Oxindole: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Luo Xiaoling , Liu Song , Lan Yu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA theoretical study of the mechanism and regioselectivity of 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to 3‐methylene indolone has been performed by density functional theory at the M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. The results indicate that the concerted pathway is more favorable than the stepwise pathway. Investigation of the regioselectivity of this reaction shows that the main product is predicted to be 3,5‐substituted isoxazoline derivatives, which is consistent with experimental observations. The substituent effect of nitrile oxides on the reactivity and regioselectivity were also investigated. The opposite regioselectivity was observed for nitrile oxides with electron‐donating groups (methyl and phenyl) compared with electron‐withdrawing groups (CN and CO2Me). Distortion–interaction energy analysis shows that the reactivity of 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to 3‐methylene indolone is controlled by both the distortion and interaction energies. Natural population analysis indicates that the carbon atom of the 1,3‐dipole prefers to bond to the terminal carbon atom of the exocyclic double bond of 3‐methylene indolone, forming the 3,5‐substituted isoxazoline product. Frontier molecular orbital analysis shows that the regioselectivity is controlled by the orbital interaction between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the nitrile oxide and the highest occupied molecular orbital of 3‐methylene indolone.
A Method to Quench Carbodiimide‐Fueled Self‐Assembly
Authors: Schnitter Fabian , Boekhoven Job 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn chemically fueled self‐assembly, the activation and deactivation of molecules for self‐assembly is coupled to a reaction cycle. In biological examples, these reactions are typically fast, such that the building blocks remain activated for mere seconds. In contrast, synthetic reaction cycles are slower for self‐assembly, i. e., with half‐lives on the order of minutes. In search of life‐like, dynamic behavior in synthetic systems, several groups explore faster reaction cycles that form transient labile building blocks with half‐lives of tens of seconds. These cycles show exciting properties, but brought about a new challenge,i. e., accurately analyzing the fast cycle is impossible with classical techniques. We thus introduce the notion of quenching chemical reaction cycles for self‐assembly. As a model, we use the fast carbodiimide‐fueled chemical reaction cycle and demonstrate a method that quenches all reactions immediately. We show its accuracy and demonstrate the application for several reaction cycles and a range of dissipative assemblies. Finally, we offer preliminary design rules to quench other chemically fueled reaction cycles.
Evaluation of effectiveness of photosensitizers used in laser endodontics disinfection: A systematic review
Authors: Sin Jonathan Hong‐Man , Walsh Laurence J. , Figueredo Carlos Marcelo , George Roy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhoto‐activated disinfection using photosensitizers has been proposed as an adjunct to conventional endodontic therapy for additional disinfection and improved treatment outcomes. This systematic review aims to investigate the effectiveness of photosensitizers used in laser endodontics disinfection. A comprehensive literature search is conducted to identify in vitro and in vivo studies involving photo‐activated disinfection in endodontic treatment. Publications are selected based on predetermined eligibility criteria. From 121 articles, 34 met the inclusion criteria, comprising eight polymicrobial and 26 bacteria‐specific studies. A total of 10 photosensitizers were investigated, including methylene blue, tolonium chloride, polyethylenimine and chlorin (e6), phenothia zinium, chitosan, rose bengal, malachite green, indocyanine green, chlorine p6 and curcumin. Photo‐activated disinfection using tolonium chloride or methylene blue can be an effective adjunct to conventional root canal therapy. More studies are needed to assess the performance of newer photosensitizers to optimize photo‐activated disinfection of the complex root canal space.
Comprehensive Understanding of the Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Zeolites: Needs of 21st Century Sustainable Chemical Industries
Authors: Rani Poonam , Srivastava Rajendra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractZeolites have taken a leading position in petrochemical, fine, and bulk chemical industries due to their porous architecture, pore sizes, tunable acidity, and thermal stability. Various strategies of zeolites preparation, including template‐free, solvent‐free, and toxic mineral‐free strategies are summarized. Moreover, the zeolite synthesis using naturally occurring minerals and sustainable natural templates is also discussed, which involves the synthesis of nanocrystalline zeolites of different framework structures using plant‐based natural templates and biomass‐derived renewable chemicals. Overall this personal account provides the fundamentals of various sustainable synthetic strategies reported in the literature for the synthesis of zeolites with suitable examples that will be useful for the students and will motivate experienced researchers to develop various novel sustainable methods for the synthesis of zeolites and other inorganic materials of industrial relevance.
‐Aminonitriles: From Sustainable Preparation to Applications in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Grundke Caroline , Vierengel Nina , Opatz Till 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDue to their numerous reactivity modes, α‐aminonitriles represent versatile and valuable building blocks in organic total synthesis. Since their discovery by Adolph Strecker in 1850, this compound class has seen a wide dissemination in synthetic applications from laboratory to million‐ton industrial scale and was extensively used in the syntheses of various classes of natural products. As these compounds provide a multitude of reactivity options, we feel that a broad overview of their multiple reaction modes may reveal less familiar opportunities for successful total synthesis planning. This personal account article will thus focus on α‐aminonitriles used as key intermediates in selected natural product synthesis sequences which have been reported in the two decades since Enders’ and Shilvock's seminal review. Natural α‐aminonitriles will also briefly be treated.
Modeling, instrumentation, automation, and optimization of water resource recovery facilities (Review of 2018 Literature) DIRECT
Authors: Sweeney Michael , Kabouris John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA review of the literature published in 2018 on topics relating to water resource recovery facilities (WRRF) in the areas of modeling, automation, measurement and sensors and optimization of wastewater treatment (or water resource reclamation) is presented.Practitioner points

Summary of advances in the field of modeling, instrumentation, automation, and optimization in 2018.

This review outlines the major contributions of researchers and practitioners that have been published in peer‐reviewed journals and conference proceedings.

The article is organized into sections for ease of reference, but several reviewed articles are related to more than one section.
Sex During Menstruation: Race, Sexual Identity, and Women’s Accounts of Pleasure and Disgust
Authors: Fahs Breanne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study analyzes qualitative interviews with 40 women across a range of age, race, and sexual orientation to examine experiences with sex during menstruation. Results show that 25 women describe negative reactions, two describe neutral reactions, and 13 describe positive reactions. Negative responses involve four themes: discomfort and labor to clean ‘messes,’ overt partner discomfort, negative self-perception, and managing partner’s disgust. Positive responses cohere around physical and emotional pleasure from sex while menstruating and rebellion against anti-menstrual attitudes. Race and sexual identity differences appear: White women and bisexual or lesbian-identified women describe more positive feelings than women of color or heterosexual women. Bisexual women with male partners describe more positive reactions than heterosexual women with male partners, implying that heterosexual identity relates to negative attitudes more than heterosexual behavior. Those with positive attitudes also enjoy masturbation more than others. Additionally, interviews address sexual and racial identities’ informing body practices, partner choice affecting body affirmation, and resistance against ideas about women’s bodies as ‘disgusting.’
Electroweak-symmetric dark monopoles from preheating
Authors: Bai Yang , Korwar Mrunal , Orlofsky Nicholas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
If the dark sector contains ’t Hooft-Polyakov monopoles and a small enough dark gauge coupling, dark monopoles could be a macroscopic dark matter candidate. Its Higgs-portal coupling to the Standard Model can modify the electroweak vacuum in the monopole interior. In the most striking cases, dark monopoles could even contain electroweak-symmetric cores and generate multi-hit signals at large-volume detectors. If they are produced via parametric resonance in the early Universe, monopoles with radii up to one micron and masses up to ten kilotonnes could account for all of dark matter.
Quantum field theories of arbitrary-spin massive multiplets and Palatini quantum gravity
Authors: Anselmi Damiano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe formulate quantum field theories of massive fields of arbitrary spins. The presence of both physical and fake particles, organized into multiplets, makes it possible to fulfill the requirements of locality, unitarity and renormalizability at the same time. The theories admit cubic and quartic self-interactions and can be coupled to quantum gravity and gauge fields. The simplest irreducible bosonic and fermionic multiplets are made of towers of alternating physical and fake particles. Their mass spectrum is constrained by RG invariant relations and depends on just one or two masses. The fixed points of the renormalization-group flow are scale invariant, but not necessarily conformal invariant. The Palatini version of quantum gravity with fakeons is equivalent to the non-Palatini one coupled to a peculiar multiplet of order 3. As a consequence, it is equally renormalizable and unitary.
Realistic classical binding energies in the ω-Skyrme model
Authors: Gudnason Sven Bjarke , Speight James Martin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An omega-meson extension of the Skyrme model — without the Skyrme term but including the pion mass — first considered by Adkins and Nappi is studied in detail for baryon numbers 1 to 8. The static problem is reformulated as a constrained energy minimisation problem within a natural geometric framework and studied analytically on compact domains, and numerically on Euclidean space. Using a constrained second-order Newton flow algorithm, classical energy minimisers are constructed for various values of the omegapion coupling. At high coupling, these Skyrmion solutions are qualitatively similar to the Skyrmions of the standard Skyrme model with massless pions. At sufficiently low coupling, they show similarities with those in the lightly bound Skyrme model: the Skyrmions of low baryon number dissociate into lightly bound clusters of distinct 1-Skyrmions, and the classical binding energies for baryon numbers 2 through 8 have realistic values.
Multi-layered epigenetic regulation of IRS2 expression in the liver of obese individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Krause Christin , Geißler Cathleen , Tackenberg Heidi , El Gammal Alexander T. , Wolter Stefan , Spranger Joachim , Mann Oliver , Lehnert Hendrik , Kirchner Henriette 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
IRS2 is an important molecular switch that mediates insulin signalling in the liver. IRS2 dysregulation is responsible for the phenomenon of selective insulin resistance that is observed in type 2 diabetes. We hypothesise that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the regulation of IRS2 in the liver of obese and type 2 diabetic individuals.

Methods
DNA methylation of seven CpG sites was studied by bisulphite pyrosequencing and mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR in liver biopsies of 50 obese non-diabetic and 31 obese type 2 diabetic participants, in a cross-sectional setting. Methylation-sensitive luciferase assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were performed. Furthermore, HepG2 cells were treated with insulin and high glucose concentrations to induce miRNA expression and IRS2 downregulation.

Results
We found a significant downregulation of IRS2 expression in the liver of obese individuals with type 2 diabetes (0.84 ± 0.08-fold change; p = 0.0833; adjusted p value [pa] = 0.0417; n = 31) in comparison with non-diabetic obese participants (n = 50). This downregulation correlated with hepatic IRS2 DNA methylation at CpG5. Additionally, CpG6, which is located in intron 1 of IRS2, was hypomethylated in type 2 diabetes; this site spans the sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) recognition motif, which likely acts as transcriptional repressor. The adjacent polymorphism rs4547213 (G>A) was significantly associated with DNA methylation at a specificity-protein-1 (SP1) binding site (CpG3). Moreover, DNA methylation of cg25924746, a CpG site located in the shore region of the IRS2 promoter-associated CpG island, was increased in the liver of individuals with type 2 diabetes, as compared with those without diabetes. A second epigenetic mechanism, upregulation of hepatic miRNA hsa-let-7e-5p (let-7e-5p) in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes (n = 29) vs non-diabetic obese individuals (n = 49) (1.2 ± 0.08-fold change; p = 0.0332; pa = 0.0450), is likely to act synergistically with altered IRS2 DNA methylation to decrease IRS2 expression. Mechanistic in vitro experiments demonstrated an acute upregulation of let-7e-5p expression and simultaneous IRS2 downregulation in a liver (HepG2) cell line upon hyperinsulinaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions.

Conclusions/interpretation
Our study highlights a new multi-layered epigenetic network that could be involved in subtle dysregulation of IRS2 in the liver of individuals with type 2 diabetes. This might lead to fine-tuning of IRS2 expression and is likely to be supplementary to the already known factors regulating IRS2 expression. Thereby, our findings could support the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes.
Fast and efficient difference of block means code for palmprint recognition
Authors: Almaghtuf Jumma , Khelifi Fouad , Bouridane Ahmed 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver the past two decades, researchers in the field of biometrics have presented a wide variety of coding-based palmprint recognition methods. These approaches mainly rely on extracting the texture features, e.g. line orientations, and phase information, using different filters. In this paper, we propose a new efficient palmprint recognition method based on the Different of Block Means. In the proposed scheme, only basic operations (i.e. mainly additions and subtractions) are used, thus involving a much lower computational cost when compared with existing systems. This makes the system suitable for online palmprint identification and verification. Furthermore, the technique has been shown to deliver superior performance over related systems.
Comparative effectiveness of dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase type-B inhibitors for Parkinson’s disease: a multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis
Authors: Binde Caroline D. , Tvete Ingunn F. , Gåsemyr Jørund I. , Natvig Bent , Klemp Marianne 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the comparative effectiveness of dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase type-B (MAO-B) inhibitors available for treatment of Parkinson’s disease.

Methods
We performed a systematic literature search identifying randomized controlled trials investigating 4 dopamine agonists (cabergoline, pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine) and 3 MAO-B inhibitors (selegiline, rasagiline, safinamide) for Parkinson’s disease. We extracted and pooled data from included clinical trials in a joint model allowing both direct and indirect comparison of the seven drugs. We considered dopamine agonists and MAO-B inhibitors given as monotherapy or in combination with levodopa. Selected endpoints were change in the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score, serious adverse events and withdrawals. We estimated the relative effectiveness of each dopamine agonist and MAO-B inhibitor versus comparator drug.

Results
Altogether, 79 publications were included in the analysis. We found all the investigated drugs to be effective compared with placebo when given as monotherapy except safinamide. When considering combination treatment, the estimated relative effects of selegiline, pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine, cabergoline, rasagiline and safinamide were 2.316 (1.819, 2.951), 2.091 (1.889, 2.317), 2.037 (1.804, 2.294), 1.912 (1.716, 2.129), 1.664 (1.113, 2.418), 1.584 (1.379, 1.820) and 1.179 (1.031, 1.352), respectively, compared with joint placebo and levodopa treatment.

Conclusions
Dopamine agonists were found to be effective as treatment for Parkinson’s disease, both when given as monotherapy and in combination with levodopa. Selegiline and rasagiline were also found to be effective for treating Parkinson’s disease, and selegiline was the best option in combination with levodopa among all the drugs investigated.