bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curve severity and apical vertebral rotation and their association with curve flexibility in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Mohanty S. P. , Pai Kanhangad M. , Gullia A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine the association between coronal Cobb’s angle and Nash–Moe index in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. We also attempted to determine whether apical vertebral derotation depended upon the curve flexibility.Overview of literatureThe three-dimensional nature of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is well established. Knowledge of all components of this complex deformity is essential to formulate effective treatment strategies. Though the importance of quantifying all the components of the deformity, in AIS, has been analysed in detail, very few studies have been done to ascertain the relationship between the coronal plane deformity and apical vertebral rotation.MethodsDigitalised standing and supine stretch anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of 158 patients with AIS were analysed. The standing and supine stretch AP radiographs were compared to calculate the percentage reduction of Cobb’s angle to determine curve flexibility. The derotation of the apical vertebra on application of traction was also noted. The one-way repeated ANOVA was used to determine the association between Cobb’s angle and Nash–Moe index. The independent samplettest was used to determine whether a statistically significant difference was present, in the age of the patient, severity of the curve and percentage reduction of Cobb’s angle between those curves that derotated and those that did not, when stretched.ResultsThe one-way repeated ANOVA revealed an association between Cobb’s angle and Nash–Moe index on the standing and supine AP stretch radiographs (P < 0.01). The Independent samplet-test showed a statistically significant difference in percentage reduction of Cobb’s angle between those curves that derotated compared to those that did not, on stretch (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that there is an association between apical vertebral rotation and the coronal plane deformity. It also demonstrates that flexible curves derotate to a greater extent compared to rigid curves, when stretched.
Metacognitive Development and Conceptual Change in Children
Authors: Smortchkova Joulia , Shea Nicholas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere has been little investigation to date of the way metacognition is involved in conceptual change. It has been recognised that analytic metacognition is important to the way older children (c. 8–12 years) acquire more sophisticated scientific and mathematical concepts at school. But there has been barely any examination of the role of metacognition in earlier stages of concept acquisition, at the ages that have been the major focus of the developmental psychology of concepts. The growing evidence that even young children have a capacity for procedural metacognition raises the question of whether and how these abilities are involved in conceptual development. More specifically, are there developmental changes in metacognitive abilities that have a wholescale effect on the way children acquire new concepts and replace existing concepts? We show that there is already evidence of at least one plausible example of such a link and argue that these connections deserve to be investigated systematically.
Synthesis of potential bio-adsorbent from Indian Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) and its optimization for malachite green dye removal from industrial wastes using response surface methodology: kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Das Radha , Mukherjee Anupam , Sinha Ishita , Roy Kunal , Dutta Binay K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe response surface methodology has been extended to study the adsorption of malachite green dye (MG) on Indian Neem leaf powder (NLP),Azadirachta indica. The study was experimented by varying the solution concentration from 10 to 100 mg/l. The removal percentage of MG was determined by spectrophotometer at wavelength of 618 nm. Design Expert 11.0 was used as a tool to study the optimal conditions of MG adsorption (applying 2-factorial interaction model of central composite design) and evaluation of interaction effects of different operating parameters including pH, time, solute concentration, temperature and adsorbent dosage. Numerical optimization helped to identify the optimal conditions for achieving the targeted dye removal of 95.493% when the pH, time, solute concentration, temperature and adsorbent amount were set at the range of 6.868, 36.4 min, 27.899 mg/l, 308.477 K, and 4.3475 g/l respectively. The experimental results indicate that the maximum adsorption capacity of NLP depends on various operating parameter like, pH, dye concentration, particle size of adsorbents and it’s activation. It was noted that adsorption capacity of the NLP increases from 33.33 to 66.72 mg/g when it was activated with dilute HCl. The higher correlation coefficient value (R2) of Langmuir isotherm 0.996 and lowerpvalue (0.01203) indicate the fitness of the response surface 2FI model developed. Kinetic studies displayed the suitability of pseudo second order reaction for this adsorption process. The thermodynamic study show that the sorption process is exothermic and spontaneous in nature. It was observed that the adsorbent NLP in the form of fine powder are very effective for the removal of MG from its aqueous solution. The satisfactory values of regression coefficients at different temperature, and fittings of adsorption isotherms indicate that Indian NLP is a promising adsorbent for treatment of textile dyes.
Evidence-based medicine, shared decision making and the hidden curriculum: a&nbsp;qualitative content analysis
Authors: Braschi Emélie , Stacey Dawn , Légaré France , Grad Roland , Archibald Douglas 
Published: April 2020

Introduction Medical education should portray evidence-based medicine (EBM) and shared decision making (SDM) as central to patient care. However, misconceptions regarding EBM and SDM are common in clinical practice, and these biases might unintentionally be transmitted to medical trainees through a hidden curriculum. The current study explores how assumptions of EBM and SDM can be hidden in formal curriculum material such as PowerPoint slides.
Methods We conducted a qualitative content analysis using a purposive sample of 18 PowerPoints on the management of upper respiratory tract infections. We identified concepts pertaining to decision making using theory-driven codes taken from the fields of EBM and SDM. We then re-analyzed the coded text using a constructivist latent thematic approach to develop a rich description of conceptualizations of decision making in relation to EBM and SDM frameworks.
Results PowerPoint slides can relay a hidden curriculum, which can normalize: pathophysiological reasoning, unexplained variations in clinical care, the use of EBM mimics, defensive medicine, an unrealistic portrayal of benefits, and paternalism.
Discussion Addressing the hidden curriculum in formal curricular material should be explored as a novel strategy to foster a positive attitude towards EBM and SDM and to improve patient outcomes by encouraging the use of these skills.
Pilotphase eines neu gestalteten Wechselschichtsystems der Polizei in einer Metropolregion
Authors: Terschüren C. , Herold R. , Mache S. , Velasco Garrido M. , Preisser A. , Harth V. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungMit dem Ziel, für die Polizistinnen und Polizisten im Wechselschichtdienst (WSD) eine Reduktion potenzieller gesundheitlicher Belastungen zu ermöglichen und eine Verbesserung der Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Privatleben zu erreichen, wurde in der Polizei Hamburg eine neue Dienstzeitregelung (DZR) entwickelt. Das neue Schichtsystem umfasst im Vergleich zur bestehenden DZR 14 statt vier 12-Stunden-Schichten in 8 Wochen, gleichzeitig aber auch 14 anstelle von 2 freien Tagen. Die neue DZR wurde in einer einjährigen Pilotphase in 6 Polizeikommissariaten (PKs) erprobt, die zuvor bei einer Abstimmung einen Zwei-Drittel-Mehrheitsbeschluss für die Teilnahme erzielten. Die Vergleichsgruppe bestand aus 17 nichtpilotierenden PKs. Für eine Prä-post-Analyse wurden vor Beginn der Pilotierung in einem umfassenden Fragebogen neben anderen Parametern die Erwartungen in Bezug auf die Umsetzung im Alltag, die Vereinbarkeit mit dem Privatleben und die Gesundheit erfasst. Nach einem Jahr wurden die Einschätzungen zu den entsprechenden Aspekten erhoben. Vor Beginn der Pilotphase (T0) nahmen 1151 (72,7 %) von insgesamt 1583 im WSD Beschäftigten an der Befragung teil, nach einem Jahr (T1) 74,3 % (1122 von 1511). In beiden Gruppen wurden zu beiden Zeitpunkten die freien Tage und bessere Regenerationsmöglichkeiten als führende Gründe für die Befürwortung der neuen DZR angegeben. Zu T0 erwarteten 16,5 % aus den pilotierenden PKs eine einfache Anpassung des privaten Alltags an die neue DZR, in T1 gaben 36,9 % an, dass diese Anpassung in der einjährigen Pilotphase leicht umzusetzen war. Eine positive Auswirkung auf die allgemeine Gesundheit berichteten 22,1 % der Frauen und 32,7 % der Männer nach der Pilotphase. Die Erwartung an eine verbesserte Regeneration stand zu Beginn der Pilotierung deutlich im Fokus der Beschäftigten. In den 6 pilotierenden PKs wurde die veränderte Schichtplangestaltung mehrheitlich positiv bewertet.
Recommendation decision-making algorithm for sharing accommodation using probabilistic hesitant fuzzy sets and bipartite network projection
Authors: Cao Qian , Liu Xiaodi , Wang Zengwen , Zhang Shitao , Wu Jian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn recent years, with the uninterrupted development of sharing accommodation, it not only caters to the diversified accommodation of tourists, but also takes an active role in expanding employment and entrepreneurship channels, enhancing the income of urban and rural residents, and promoting the revitalization of rural areas. However, with the continuous expansion of the scale of sharing accommodation, it is fairly complicated for users to search appropriate services or information. The decision-making problems become more and more complicated. Hence, a probabilistic hesitant fuzzy recommendation decision-making algorithm based on bipartite network projection is proposed in this paper. First of all, combining the users’ decision-making information and the experts’ evaluation information, a bipartite graph connecting users and alternatives is established. Then, the satisfaction degree of probabilistic hesitant fuzzy element is defined. Besides, the recommended alternative is obtained by the allocation of resources. Finally, a numerical case of Airbnb users is given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Menu or Mandate? EU Governance and Party Politics in Poland
Authors: Hou Pengfei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article examines how the European Union (EU) has impacted party politics in Poland. Before the 2004 accession, party politics in Poland were turbulent. In this period, the EU, as a reference point, helped to create a pro- and anti-EU party cleavage. With this impact admitted, the article turns to the post-accession party politics. Centering on the nationalist Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS), the article attempts to explore the EU’s impact on the PiS by studying the latter’s adaptation preferences. To do so, I employ James N. Rosenau’s political adaptation theory. Central to the article is the argument that since political parties are the protagonists in member states’ domestic politics, the EU can only affect the party politics in Poland indirectly, but not inconsequentially. Without mandate notwithstanding, the EU can create bottom-up pressures through civil society; meanwhile, since EU norms and political parties’ particular interests are not necessarily incompatible, the EU can take the initiatives to make a balance between them through policy innovations.
Clinical Features, Bacteriology, and Antibiotic Treatment Among Patients with Presumed Naja Bites in Vietnam
Authors: Ngo Ngoc Duc , Le Quy Xuan , Pham Anh Quang , Nguyen Nguyen Trung , Ha Hung Tran , Dinh Michael Minh Quoc , Le Thuan Quang 
Published: April 2020

Introduction Clinical and bacteriological features of cobra ( Naja) bites are still relatively unknown in Vietnam. This study aimed to characterize the clinical and bacteriological characteristics of local wounds in patients with presumed Naja spp bite, as well as their antibiotic treatment. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on presumed Naja bite patients who were admitted to Bach Mai Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. In vitro bacterial isolation, blood tests, and lesion measure were conducted, and antibiotic susceptibilities of localized bite wounds were assessed. The Mann-Whitney test was used to examine the difference in clinical characteristics between patients experiencing presumed Naja atra bites and Naja kaouthia bites. Data are presented as percentages or median with interquartile range, as appropriate. Statistical significance was accepted at P<0.05. Results Among 46 patients, all had typical clinical features of Naja bite. The median bite-to-hospital time was 6 h (interquartile range 4.0–11.3). The dominant organisms isolated from local wounds were Morganella morganii (11/36) and Enterococcus faecalis (25/36). All cultures were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. No difference was found with regard to pain, swelling circumference, swelling spread, or necrotic area between patients bitten by presumed Naja atra and Naja kaouthia ( P>0.05). Conclusions Wound necrosis and infection were important clinical issues in presumed Naja spp snake bites. Morganella morganii and Enterococcus faecalis were dominant in local wound swabs of such cases. Ciprofloxacin should be an effective first-line antibiotic for patients with presumed Naja bite.
Are your IT staff ready for the pandemic-driven insider threat?
Authors: Chapman Phil 
Published: April 2020

As this article is being written it's mid-March. The situation likely will have changed significantly by the time you read this, as it does by the day and even the hour. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has declared Covid-19 to be a global pandemic and the UK Government has stepped up its response from the ‘contain’ to the ‘delay’ phase. Public spaces and transport are noticeably quieter and many workplaces are getting emptier as staff members work from home. The Covid-19 pandemic and consequent lockdowns are hitting businesses hard. And as workforces move to remote working, IT departments are under pressure. At the same time, cyber criminals are exploiting the pandemic, with rises in phishing and other forms of attacks. The cyber security workforce, already suffering a skills crisis, may lack the soft skills required to effectively tackle these issues, many of which could be solved if the industry didn't rely so heavily on recruiting graduates and rather looked towards hiring apprentices, argues Phil Chapman of Firebrand Training.
Application and Prospect of a Mobile Hospital in Disaster Response
Authors: Chen Xinlin , Lu Lu , Shi Jie , Zhang Xin , Fan Haojun , Fan Bin , Qu Bo , Lv Qi , Hou Shike 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTDisasters such as an earthquake, a flood, and an epidemic usually lead to large numbers of casualties accompanied by disruption of the functioning of local medical institutions. A rapid response of medical assistance and support is required. Mobile hospitals have been deployed by national and international organizations at disaster situations in the past decades, which play an important role in saving casualties and alleviating the shortage of medical resources. In this paper, we briefly introduce the types and characteristics of mobile hospitals used by medical teams in disaster rescue, including the aspects of structural form, organizational form, and mobile transportation. We also review the practices of mobile hospitals in disaster response and summarize the problems and needs of mobile hospitals in disaster rescue. Finally, we propose the development direction of mobile hospitals, especially on the development of intelligence, rapid deployment capabilities, and modularization, which provide suggestions for further research and development of mobile hospitals in the future.
Challenges of infection prevention and control in Scottish long-term care facilities
Authors: Nguyen Le K. N. , Megiddo Itamar , Howick Susan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResidents living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are at high risk of contracting healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The unique operational and cultural characteristics of LTCFs and the currently evolving models of healthcare delivery in Scotland create great challenges for infection prevention and control (IPC). Existing literature that discusses the challenges of infection control in LTCFs focuses on operational factors within a facility and does not explore the challenges associated with higher levels of management and the lack of evidence to support IPC practices in this setting.1-7 Here, we provide a broader view of challenges faced by LTCFs in the context of the current health and social care models in Scotland. Many of these challenges are also faced in the rest of the United Kingdom and internationally.
Tobacco smoking in young people seeking treatment for mental ill-health: what are their attitudes, knowledge and behaviours towards quitting?
Authors: Brown E. , O’Donoghue B. , White S. L. , Chanen A. , Bedi G. , Adams S. , Schely C. , Do T. U. , Sterjovska A. , Moeller-Saxone K. , Kay-Lambkin F. , Simmons M. , Cementon E. , Killackey E. 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionTobacco smoking is a leading cause of preventable death and disease worldwide. Adults with mental ill-health smoke tobacco at substantially higher rates than other adults, with public health approaches effective in the population overall having less impact on those with mental ill-health. However, less is known about the tobacco smoking behaviours, attitudes and knowledge of young people with mental ill-health, despite this being the peak period of onset for both mental illness and cigarette smoking.MethodsYoung people attending a youth mental health centre (providing both primary and specialist care) in Melbourne, Australia were approached by youth peer researchers and asked to complete a survey about smoking behaviours, attitudes and knowledge. We examined smoking and associated attitudes in the sample overall, and as a function of the services accessed.ResultsIn total, 114 young people completed the survey, with 56.3% reporting lifetime cigarette smoking, 42.0% smoking in the last 12 months and 28.6% in the past week. Of current regular smokers, 75.0% acknowledged they should quit in the future; however, only 23.5% planned to do so in the next month, with 44.4% confident that they could quit. Participants lacked knowledge about interactions between tobacco smoking, mental and physical health.ConclusionsYouth presenting for mental ill-health had high rates of cigarette smoking relative to population rates. Presentation at youth mental health services may represent a critical window for early intervention to reduce the lifetime impacts of cigarette smoking in mental ill-health. Interventions to support smoking cessation in this group are urgently needed.
Inside-Out Interviews: Cross-Cultural Research in China
Authors: Sposato Martin , Jeffrey Heather L. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThere is a paucity of research exploring the use of local facilitators in cross-cultural research in Chinese cultural contexts and the impact this may have on data generation and knowledge creation. Addressing this gap, this paper critically reflects on cross-cultural interviews in Hong Kong. The reflection is centred on the experience of interviewing as an outsider to the culture of the participants and later working alongside an insider. While insider and outsider positionalities are formed from a multitude of intersectional characteristics, both gender and nationality emerged as primary influencers in this context. This paper contributes to the methodologically oriented literature by making salient the complexities of deciphering the multitude of influences originating from the researcher's positionality in relation to research others. Specifically, this paper highlights how both insider and outsider positionalities generate different, but complementary data through the exploration of participant's responses. ‘It's a Chinese thing’ or comments equating to it's a woman's thing were used by participants to either limit responses or expand and offer additional information, and the juxtaposition of these responses with those given to an insider help to highlight what this might mean for knowledge creation.
The mitochondrial genomes of the mesozoansIntoshia linei,Dicyemasp. andDicyema japonicum
Authors: Robertson Helen E. , Schiffer Philipp H. , Telford Maximilian J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Dicyemida and Orthonectida are two groups of tiny, simple, vermiform parasites that have historically been united in a group named the Mesozoa. Both Dicyemida and Orthonectida have just two cell layers and appear to lack any defined tissues. They were initially thought to be evolutionary intermediates between protozoans and metazoans but more recent analyses indicate that they are protostomian metazoans that have undergone secondary simplification from a complex ancestor. Here we describe the first almost complete mitochondrial genome sequence from an orthonectid,Intoshia linei, and describe nine and eight mitochondrial protein-coding genes fromDicyemasp. andDicyema japonicum, respectively. The 14 247 base pair longI. lineisequence has typical metazoan gene content, but is exceptionally AT-rich, and has a unique gene order. The data we have analysed from the Dicyemida provide very limited support for the suggestion that dicyemid mitochondrial genes are found on discrete mini-circles, as opposed to the large circular mitochondrial genomes that are typical of the Metazoa. Thecox1gene from dicyemid species has a series of conserved, in-frame deletions that is unique to this lineage. Usingcox1genes from across the genusDicyema, we report the first internal phylogeny of this group.
In situ and in vitro techniques for estimating degradation parameters and digestibility of diets based on maize or sorghum
Authors: Silva B. C. , Pacheco M. V. C. , Godoi L. A. , Silva F. A. S. , Zanetti D. , Menezes A. C. B. , Pucetti P. , Santos S. A. , Paulino M. F. , Valadares Filho S. C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to evaluate: (1) the effects of ensiling maize or sorghum grains after reconstitution on readily soluble fraction (a), potentially degradable fraction in the rumen (b) and rate constant for degradation of b (c) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and starch (STA); and (2) an appropriate incubation time for in situ or in vitro procedures to estimate in vivo digestibility. Four rumen-cannulated Nellore bulls (body weight = 262 ± 19.6 kg) distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square were used. Diets were based on dry ground maize (DGM); or dry ground sorghum (DGS); or reconstituted ground maize silage; or reconstituted ground sorghum silage. In vitro and in situ incubations of the individual grains and diets were simultaneously performed with in vivo digestibility. In general, reconstituted grains and diets based on reconstituted grains presented greater (P < 0.05) fraction a and lower (P < 0.05) fraction b of DM, OM and STA compared to dry grains and diets based on dry grain. However, the magnitude of response of the reconstitution and ensiling process on DM and OM degradability parameter was greater for maize than that for sorghum. Moreover, no differences (P > 0.05) were observed between DGM- and DGS-based diets for c estimates. The results suggest that the reconstitution process promotes grains protein matrix breakdown increasing STA availability. The incubation times required for in vivo digestibility estimations of DM, OM and STA are 24 h for in situ and 36 h for in vitro procedures.