bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal value of past samples for decision making in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Hernandez Cesar , Jara Estupiñan Jefferson , Giral Ramirez Diego Armando 
Published: October 2020

Contexto: El modelado y predicción del uso del espectro por parte de los PU es un aspecto importante para reducir la interferencia entre los SU y PU, y mejorar el desempeño de la decisión espectral. Lo anterior requiere de información espectral pasada, que permita al algoritmo modelar el comportamiento del PU.
Objetivo: Determinar el valor óptimo de muestras pasadas y tiempo de recalculo de criterios de decisión, para los algoritmos de toma de decisiones en redes de radio cognitiva.
Metodología: Se realizan varios experimentos de simulación a partir del algoritmo FFAHP, en dos diferentes enfoques, tiempo-real y mejor-esfuerzo, con tráfico alto y bajo, en la banda de frecuencia GSM. Se realiza un análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos, variando los parámetros de time range, mientras criteria time permanece constante, y viceversa.
Resultados: Para tráfico alto es suficiente con tomar 1800 muestras anteriores para calcular el valor inicial de los parámetros y actualizarlos cada 10 minutos (1800). Si el tráfico es bajo es suficiente con tomar 5400 muestras anteriores para calcular el valor inicial de los parámetros y actualizarlos cada 10 minutos (1800).
Conclusiones: No es necesario un número elevado de muestras anteriores para determinar el valor inicial de los parámetros de decisión para obtener un buen desempeño de la tasa de handoff, así como tampoco lo es para la actualización de los mismos, para un tráfico correspondiente a la banda de frecuencia GSM.
Financiamiento: El presente trabajo es un resultado de un proyecto de investigación financiado por el Centro de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Científico de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas.
Inconvenientes del uso de promedios de parámetros fisicoquímicos no conservativos, ejemplos de caso lagunas costeras mexicanas
Authors: De la Lanza Espino Guadalupe , Hernández Pulido Salvador , Gutiérrez Mendieta Francisco José 
Published: October 2020

Contexto: La amplia variación en los parámetros fisicoquímicos y biológicos costeros, son resultado de factores locales naturales: clima, geomorfología, influencia marina, descargas fluviales, como los antropogénicos, resultando variaciones amplias y esto ha dado lugar al uso de promedios que no reflejan la realidad acuática. Por lo anterior el presente estudio analiza el comportamiento teórico de los parámetros conservativos y los no conservativos y biológicos de lagunas costeras tanto del Golfo de México como del Pacífico mexicano, a través de datos referidos como mínimos, máximos y promedio, y su grado certeza.
Metodología: Se recabó información fisicoquímica y biológica de 11 lagunas costeras con diferencias ambientales extremas: cinco de la vertiente del Golfo de México y seis del Pacífico mexicano, según la disponibilidad y continuidad de la información.
Resultados: Los intervalos de los parámetros conservativos y no conservativos (máximo y mínimo) fueron significativamente amplios, asociados a factores climáticos estacionales (precipitaciones y estiaje), descargas fluviales temporales o permanentes, manejo del agua en el área terrestre adyacente, así como por la influencia mareal. Por lo tanto, emplear un promedio basado en máximos y mínimos de esos factores no es recomendable. En los parámetros no conservativos hubo diferencias de variación cortas o de mayor amplitud; debidas a la dinámica de circulación, época, incluso, a la anualidad hasta la interanualidad, por lo que no es recomendable utilizar promedios. Con base en lo anterior, se estimaron mayores variaciones en los parámetros acuáticos en las lagunas del Pacífico y mayor homogeneidad en las del Golfo de México, resultado de la regularidad fluvioclimática, menor influencia antropogénica y de menor manejo costero.
Conclusiones: Para un diagnostico con una visión integrativa de los factores fisicoquímicos y biológicos costeros, es necesario basarse en el conocimiento de las condiciones normales locales que incluyen: la dinámica física, fluvial, geomorfológica e influencias terrestres adyacentes, para diferenciarse de los impactos antropogénicos, que modifican las características acuáticas; por lo que no es adecuado referir los resultados como mínimos, máximos y promedios que en muchos casos el intervalo entre el primero y el último puede ser amplio, inseguro y erróneo; además de no ser repetitivos o permanentes y variar heterogéneamente, como se pudo apreciar en las lagunas elegidas del Golfo de México y Pacífico Mexicano.
Estrés académico en estudiantes que cursan asignaturas de Física en ingeniería: dos casos diferenciados en Colombia y México
Authors: Suárez Oscar Jardey , Ramírez Díaz Mario Humberto 
Published: October 2020

Este artículo reporta el estudio de las variables subyacentes al estrés académico en dos poblaciones diferenciadas de estudiantes citadinos que cursan asignaturas de Física en instituciones de educación superior (Colombia y México). El inventario utilizado es el de Polo, Hernández y Pozo (1996), el cual mide dos dimensiones: respuestas al estrés y actividades que producen estrés. Se ha considerado una dimensión adicional que considera aspectos propios de la clase de Física. La población de estudiantes universitarios que participaron en cada comunidad fue de 124 por país. El instrumento tiene una confiabilidad de 0,918 (Col) y 0,937 (Mxn); la medida de adecuación muestral de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin fue de 0,838 (Col) y 0,878 (Mxn); la varianza interpretada 61,40 % (Col) y 64,46 % (Mxn). Los resultados muestran cuatro variables subyacentes a la población de estudiantes en Colombia (respuestas al estrés [RE], interacción [I], la evaluación [E] y actividad escolar extra [AEE]); en tanto que en México hay tres variables subyacentes al estrés (respuestas al estrés [RE], la evaluación [E] y entorno escolar [EE]). Las respuestas al estrés tienen diferencias entre las poblaciones. La evaluación, al igual que otros estudios, se muestra como una variable que subyace al estrés académico en ambas poblaciones; sin embargo, su comprensión muestra diferentes fuentes.
Challenges in assessing the nature of effective collaboration in blended university courses
Authors: Ellis Robert A , Bliuc Ana-Maria , Han Feifei 
Published: October 2020

The ability to collaborate effectively face-to-face and online represents a critical skill for university graduates. However, there are still challenges regarding how to accurately assess this skill through traditional student learning measures. To better understand the nature of effective collaboration of university students in blended courses, the current study drew on the student approaches to learning framework and social network analysis techniques. We examined how student approaches to inquiry, approaches to online learning technologies, perceptions of the blended learning environment, different learning outcomes and configurations of collaboration are related. The methodologies commonly used in student approaches to learning research identified deep and surface approaches to inquiry and technologies, positive and negative perceptions of the integration of the learning environment, and of online workload, which also showed logical alignment with relatively better and poorer academic achievement in the course. Based on approaches, perceptions, and learning outcomes, students were divided into groups orientated towards understanding versus reproducing learning. The social network analysis techniques revealed features of different configurations of collaborations by different groups of students and their choices as to whether and with whom to collaborate during the learning process. Nuanced differences were found amongst different configurations of collaborations.
Implications for practice or policy:

When assessing student experience of collaboration, social network analysis techniques may be able to describe nuanced differences amongst different collaborative configurations.
To encourage students’ collaboration, assessment tasks involving a large proportion of mandatory collaborative activities should be considered.
To help student improve experience of collaboration, teachers may consider pairing students with a reproducing learning orientation with those having a deep disciplinary understanding.
Fostering the growth of TPACK among international teachers of developing nations through a cultural exchange program
Authors: Dalal Medha , Archambault Leanna , Shelton Catharyn 
Published: October 2020

This study investigated the impact of a semester-long technology course as part of a higher education cultural exchange program for secondary school teachers of developing nations. We integrated quantitative data from surveys that evaluated participants’ technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), with qualitative evidence from participants’ technology-based lesson designs. Analysis across the 16 participants indicated that the course was effective in improving teachers’ TPACK. Teachers reported increases in all TPACK domains, with the largest growth in technological content knowledge and TPACK. However, qualitative analysis suggested greater presence of technological pedagogical knowledge. Teachers learned to consider affordances of technology in accordance with content or pedagogy, but their ability was limited due to resource constraints or students’ readiness. Results suggest that international exchange programs are a valuable way to support teachers of developing nations in building educational technology capacity at their home schools.
Implications for practice or policy:

Technology education should leverage teacher expertise in pedagogical content knowledge.
Developers should consider the contexts of home schools when designing education experiences for international teachers.
Continuing education that gives opportunities for hands-on work (active learning) is an effective way to support development of teachers regarding educational technology.
POLSKIE ANALIZY STRATEGICZNE – PRZEGLĄD 2016 ROKU
Authors: Wiśniewski Rafał 
Published: October 2020

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi kolejną odsłonę przygotowywanego od dwóch lat przeglądu artykułów publikowanych w wybranych polskich czasopismach naukowych poświęconych tematyce bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego. W odniesieniu do roku 2016 autor dokonał (siłą rzeczy) subiektywnego wyboru tekstów, które znalazły się na łamach czterech publikacji – „Bellony”, „Rocznika Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego”, „Rocznika Strategicznego” oraz „Stosunków Międzynarodowych”. W naturalny sposób tematyka podejmowana przez autorów rzeczonych publikacji stanowi odzwierciedlenie obecnego stanu międzynarodowego środowiska bezpieczeństwa oraz prognoz co do kierunków jego dalszej ewolucji.
Turkish Get-Up: Correcting Common Kinematic Errors and Translating Movements to More Complex Lifts
Authors: Collum Connor , Weeks Macy , Schnetzer Allyson , Snarr Ronald L. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The Turkish get-up (TGU) is a functional strength exercise that focuses on the quality of the movement as opposed to the shear strength or speed. Proficiency in this movement may improve shoulder and hip strength, stability, and flexibility, which can be beneficial when performing more complex lifts (e.g., deadlift, clean, and overhead press). However, performing this movement without proper technique can lead to kinematic errors and increased risk of injury. This article analyzes the common errors during the TGU and corrective exercises that may translate to improved execution of more complex exercises, ultimately enhancing performance.
Geometry and the Organizational Principle of Spine Synapses along a Dendrite
Authors: Parajuli Laxmi Kumar , Urakubo Hidetoshi , Takahashi-Nakazato Ai , Ogelman Roberto , Iwasaki Hirohide , Koike Masato , Kwon Hyung-Bae , Ishii Shin , Oh Won Chan , Fukazawa Yugo , Okabe Shigeo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrecise information on synapse organization in a dendrite is crucial to understanding the mechanisms underlying voltage integration and the variability in the strength of synaptic inputs across dendrites of different complex morphologies. Here, we used focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM) to image the dendritic spines of mice in the hippocampal CA1 region, CA3 region, somatosensory cortex, striatum, and cerebellum (CB). Our results show that the spine geometry and dimensions differ across neuronal cell types. Despite this difference, dendritic spines were organized in an orchestrated manner such that the postsynaptic density (PSD) area per unit length of dendrite scaled positively with the dendritic diameter in CA1 proximal stratum radiatum (PSR), cortex, and CB. The ratio of the PSD area to neck length was kept relatively uniform across dendrites of different diameters in CA1 PSR. Computer simulation suggests that a similar level of synaptic strength across different dendrites in CA1 PSR enables the effective transfer of synaptic inputs from the dendrites toward soma. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), evoked at single spines by glutamate uncaging and recorded at the soma, show that the neck length is more influential than head width in regulating the EPSP magnitude at the soma. Our study describes thorough morphologic features and the organizational principles of dendritic spines in different brain regions.
Long-term facial changes and clinical correlations in patients with treated acromegaly: a cohort study
Authors: Du Fengzhou , Chen Qiao , Wang Xiaojun , Guo Xiaopeng , Wang Zihao , Gao Lu , Long Xiao , Xing Bing 
Published: October 2020

Background
Facial abnormality is the most significant feature in acromegaly patients. However, it is unclear whether and how patient facial appearance improves after treatment. This study aimed to identify 3D facial changes in acromegaly patients after surgical treatment.

Methods
This study included 30 acromegaly patients who underwent resection of a pituitary GH adenoma. The location and extent of facial changes were identified by comparing baseline and 2-year follow-up 3D images of the face. Relationships between facial changes and GH and IGF-1 were evaluated with simple or multivariable linear regression models.

Results
Significant soft tissue improvements were observed in acromegaly patients with complete remission, especially in the nose and lip region. Significant reductions in nasal width (3.46 mm, P < 0.001), tip protrusion (1.18 mm, P = 0.003), face curve length (3.89 mm, P = 0.004) and vermilion area (1.42 cm3, P = 0.001) were observed at the 2-year follow-up. Further, changes in nasal width were associated with decreases in GH (β = 4.440, P = 0.017), the GH nadir (β = 4.393, P = 0.011) and IGF-1 (β = 5.263, P = 0.002). The associations were maintained after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions
Acromegaly patients achieved considerable facial improvements after surgical treatment. The change in nose width was associated with GH and IGF-1 decrease. Better control of patient hormone levels after surgery improves patient facial recovery.
Leveraging Multiple Layers of Data To Predict Drosophila Complex Traits
Authors: Morgante Fabio , Huang Wen , Sørensen Peter , Maltecca Christian , Mackay Trudy F C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The ability to accurately predict complex trait phenotypes from genetic and genomic data are critical for the implementation of personalized medicine and precision agriculture; however, prediction accuracy for most complex traits is currently low. Here, we used data on whole genome sequences, deep RNA sequencing, and high quality phenotypes for three quantitative traits in the ∼200 inbred lines of the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) to compare the prediction accuracies of gene expression and genotypes for three complex traits. We found that expression levels (r = 0.28 and 0.38, for females and males, respectively) provided higher prediction accuracy than genotypes (r = 0.07 and 0.15, for females and males, respectively) for starvation resistance, similar prediction accuracy for chill coma recovery (null for both models and sexes), and lower prediction accuracy for startle response (r = 0.15 and 0.14 for female and male genotypes, respectively; and r = 0.12 and 0.11, for females and male transcripts, respectively). Models including both genotype and expression levels did not outperform the best single component model. However, accuracy increased considerably for all the three traits when we included gene ontology (GO) category as an additional layer of information for both genomic variants and transcripts. We found strongly predictive GO terms for each of the three traits, some of which had a clear plausible biological interpretation. For example, for starvation resistance in females, GO:0033500 (r = 0.39 for transcripts) and GO:0032870 (r = 0.40 for transcripts), have been implicated in carbohydrate homeostasis and cellular response to hormone stimulus (including the insulin receptor signaling pathway), respectively. In summary, this study shows that integrating different sources of information improved prediction accuracy and helped elucidate the genetic architecture of three Drosophila complex phenotypes.
Different Professional Ideal Types in the Inter-sectoral Management of Psychiatric Healthcare Trajectories
Authors: Frederiksen Jesper , Dahl Mette Bonde , Jørgensen Kim 
Published: October 2020

Aim: To investigate how differences in types of professions and rationalities affect the management of inter-sectoral trajectories in psychiatric health care in the Capital Region of Denmark.
Background: Some psychiatry users experience a lack of coherence between the mental health care treatment provided at hospitals and run by the regions, and that provided at residential psychiatric units run by municipalities. The literature points to various challenges in this field of research, related to transitions that need rethinking and further examination.
Method: The approach is an eclectic use of theory and methods in a theory-governed analysis of empirical data built up from focus group interviews with professionals in mental health care centres and social psychiatric residencies. We classify the positions from the data using a theoretical framework based on Max Weber's theory of ideal types and from Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus. Our analysis outlines a theory about the practice of transitions in inter-sectoral trajectories in psychiatric health care.
Results: From the empirical material, we were able to construct different professional ideal types related to mental health care psychiatry and social psychiatry. The construction points to differences in the habitual basis of action that maintains institutional distinctions.
Discussion: Differences in ideal types are connected to the prevailing positions of the two sectors, in which management in health care centres follows a dominant medical rationality, and management in residencies draws on a social and social educational legitimacy.
Conclusion: We find differences between the rationalities and habitus of staff at regional hospitals and municipal residencies that enable us to explain how management contributes to trajectories in psychiatric health care. Choices concerning trajectory transitions relate to a combination of habitual professional inclinations and the management of trajectories streamlined through illness classification based on a neoliberal governance model. Future management must be aware of the different rationalities linked to professional and institutional logics when planning; and this requires reflexivity and awareness of the management of intersectoral collaboration.
Child Witnesses: The Cases of World War I and Darfur
Authors: Higonnet Margaret R. 
Published: October 2020

Why, the war is for children.—Angelo PatriAs the First “Total” War of the Twentieth century, World War I marked a turning point in the understanding of what Goya had called the disasters of war. The years 1914–18 witnessed a difficult struggle to recognize and defend civilian rights in wartime, rights that had primarily been defined as those of soldiers and prisoners of war, under the Taws and Customs of War on Tand, established at The Hague in 1899 and 1907. Wartime conditions that blurred lines between civilian and combatant unleashed violations of civilians' human rights that the conventions had not anticipated. The ensuing debate during the Great War exemplified the growing complexity of disputes about human rights. In particular, it revealed that competing claims of victimization could exacerbate reprisals in the confusion of combat. In a duel of countercharges, states published documentation carrying titles that denounced enemy indifference to the “law of nations,” such as Die volkerrechtswidrige Fuhrung des belgischen Volkskriegs (“The Conduct of the Belgian People's War in Violation of the Taw of Nations” [1915]) and Rapports… en vue de constater les actes commis par l'ennemi en violation du droit des gens (“Reports … to Record Enemy Actions in Violation of the Taw of Nations” [1915]). A “war of words” raged, as well as a war of dumdum bullets that spread on impact, poison gas, and aerial bombardment—all instruments of war that had been explicitly banned by the conventions of the preceding years.
Chemical phosphate removal from Hartbeespoort Dam water, South Africa
Authors: KPT Atta  , JP Maree  , MS Onyango  , L Mpenyana-Monyatsi  , M Mujuru  
Published: October 2020

Phosphate is one of the major nutrients contributing to the increased eutrophication of lakes and natural waters. The feed water to the Hartbeespoort Dam amounts to 650 ML/d of mainly treated sewage. Phosphate levels in the dam water need to be lowered from the current 0.2 mg/L to less than 0.05 mg/L to control eutrophication. Chemicals such as iron(III), iron(II), aluminium(III) and lime can be used to precipitate phosphate as FePO4, Fe3(PO4)2, AlPO4 and Ca3(PO4)2, respectively. OLI software was used to identify the most suitable chemical for phosphate removal. It was found to be Ca(OH)2 as this only requires the pH to be raised to 9.5. FeCl3, FeCl2 and AlCl3 were found to be unsuitable due to the required pH and/or the extent to which they could remove phosphate. For lowering of phosphate levels from 0.2 mg/L (as P), the current concentration in the Hartbeespoort Dam water, to <0.05 mg/L (as P), the minimum concentration that is needed to support algal growth, a lime dosage of 50 mg/L is required. The cost of lime treatment will amount to 0.15 ZAR/m3. It is thus recommended that eutrophication in the Hartbeespoort Dam be controlled by removal of phosphate through lime dosing.