bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Millipede-Predation Behavior of Promecognathus and Exceptional Cyanide Tolerance in Promecognathus and Metrius (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Weary Brandt P , Will Kipling W 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Promecognathus (Carabidae) includes beetles that are specialist predators whose prey are polydesmidan millipedes that produce highly toxic hydrogen cyanide and benzaldehyde as a defense, and it is unknown how Promecognathus overcomes these chemicals. We observed Promecognathus laevissimus (Dejean, 1829) and P. crassus (LeConte, 1868) in the laboratory and found that they did not use behaviors to avoid the chemical defenses of their prey, Xystocheir dissecta (Wood, 1867) (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). We tested benzaldehyde as a feeding deterrent and found noticeable deterrence in all carabid beetles tested except Promecognathus species and Metrius contractus (Eschscholtz, 1829). A total of 18 carabid species were exposed to cyanide vapors in an enclosed chamber for 10 min to determine their relative tolerances. Promecognathus and M. contractus were unaffected by HCN exposures 7–15 times greater than quantities that knocked down all other species. Promecognathus laevissimus and M. contractus were then exposed to high levels of HCN for 2 h, and while individuals of M. contractus succumbed, all P. laevissimus were still moving after 2 h. It is possible that Promecognathus evolved a high tolerance to cyanide as part of a suite of adaptations related to millipede predation. However, we have no plausible explanation for the high tolerance in Metrius, for which there is no evidence of millipede feeding. This is the first documented case of predatory insects that exhibit high tolerance and potential resistance to cyanide. Possibly, these beetles have a detoxification mechanism that is not cyanide specific, as their tolerance level far exceeds any dose they would encounter in their natural habitat.
Virtual geriatric clinics and the COVID-19 catalyst: a rapid review
Authors: Murphy Robert P , Dennehy Karen A , Costello Maria M , Murphy Evelyn P , Judge Conor S , O’Donnell Martin J , Canavan Michelle D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
During the current COVID-19 health crisis virtual geriatric clinics have become increasingly utilised to complete outpatient consultations, although concerns exist about feasibility of such virtual consultations for older people. The aim of this rapid review is to describe the satisfaction, clinic productivity, clinical benefit, and costs associated with the virtual geriatric clinic model of care.

Methods
A rapid review of PubMed, MEDLINE and CINAHL databases was conducted up to April 2020. Two independent reviewers extracted the information. Four subdomains were focused on: satisfaction with the virtual geriatric clinic, clinic productivity, clinical benefit to patients, costs and any challenges associated with the virtual clinic process.

Results
Nine studies with 975 patients met our inclusion criteria. All were observational studies. Seven studies reported patients were satisfied with the virtual geriatric clinic model of care. Productivity outcomes included reports of cost-effectiveness, savings on transport, and improved waiting list metrics. Clinical benefits included successful polypharmacy reviews, and reductions in acute hospitalisation rates. Varying challenges were reported for both clinicians and patients in eight of the nine studies. Hearing impairments and difficulty with technology added to anxieties experienced by patients. Physicians missed the added value of a thorough physical examination and had concerns about confidentiality.

Conclusion
Virtual geriatric clinics demonstrate evidence of productivity, benefit to patients, cost effectiveness and patient satisfaction with the treatment provided. In the current suboptimal pandemic climate, virtual geriatric clinics may allow Geriatricians to continue to provide an outpatient service, despite the encountered inherent challenges.
CO2 starvation experiments provide support for the carbon-limited hypothesis on the evolution of CAM-like behaviour inIsoëtes
Authors: Suissa Jacob S , Green Walton A 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsCrassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is an adaptation to increase water use efficiency in dry environments. Similar biochemical patterns occur in the aquatic lycophyte genus Isoëtes. It has long been assumed and accepted that CAM-like behaviour in these aquatic plants is an adaptation to low daytime carbon levels in aquatic ecosystems, but this has never been directly tested.MethodsTo test this hypothesis, populations of Isoëtes engelmannii and I. tuckermanii were grown in climate-controlled chambers and starved of atmospheric CO2 during the day while pH was measured for 24 h.Key ResultsWe demonstrate that terrestrial plants exposed to low atmospheric CO2 display diel acidity cycles similar to those in both xerophytic CAM plants and submerged Isoëtes.ConclusionsDaytime CO2 starvation induces CAM-like nocturnal acid accumulation in terrestrial Isoëtes, substantiating the hypothesis that carbon starvation is a selective pressure for this physiological behaviour.
CABEAN: a software for the control of asynchronous Boolean networks
Authors: Su Cui , Pang Jun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Summary
Direct cell reprogramming, also called transdifferentiation, has great potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Boolean networks, a popular modelling framework for gene regulatory networks, make it possible to identify intervention targets for direct cell reprogramming with computational methods. In this work, we present our software, CABEAN, for the control of asynchronous Boolean networks. CABEAN identifies efficacious nodes, whose perturbations can drive the dynamics of a network from a source attractor (the initial cell type) to a target attractor (the desired cell type). CABEAN provides several control methods integrating practical constraints. Thus, it has the ability to provide a rich set of control sets, such that biologists can select suitable ones for validation based on specific experimental settings.

Availability and implementation
The executable binary and the user guide of the software are publicly available at https://satoss.uni.lu/software/CABEAN/.
REscan: inferring repeat expansions and structural variation in paired-end short read sequencing data
Authors: McLaughlin Russell Lewis 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Repeat expansions are an important class of genetic variation in neurological diseases. However, the identification of novel repeat expansions using conventional sequencing methods is a challenge due to their typical lengths relative to short sequence reads and difficulty in producing accurate and unique alignments for repetitive sequence. However, this latter property can be harnessed in paired-end sequencing data to infer the possible locations of repeat expansions and other structural variation.

Results
This article presents REscan, a command-line utility that infers repeat expansion loci from paired-end short read sequencing data by reporting the proportion of reads orientated towards a locus that do not have an adequately mapped mate. A high REscan statistic relative to a population of data suggests a repeat expansion locus for experimental follow-up. This approach is validated using genome sequence data for 259 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, of which 24 are positive for a large repeat expansion in C9orf72, showing that REscan statistics readily discriminate repeat expansion carriers from non-carriers.

Availabilityand implementation
C source code at https://github.com/rlmcl/rescan (GNU General Public Licence v3).
Ibuprofen, a Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug, is a Potent Inhibitor of the Human Sweet Taste Receptor
Authors: Nakagita Tomoya , Taketani Chiaki , Narukawa Masataka , Hirokawa Takatsugu , Kobayashi Takuya , Misaka Takumi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A sweet taste receptor is composed of heterodimeric G-protein-coupled receptors T1R2 and T1R3. Although there are many sweet tastants, only a few compounds have been reported as negative allosteric modulators (NAMs), such as lactisole, its structural derivative 2,4-DP, and gymnemic acid. In this study, candidates for NAMs of the sweet taste receptor were explored, focusing on the structural motif of lactisole. Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has an α-methylacetic acid moiety, and this structure is also shared by lactisole and 2,4-DP. When ibuprofen was applied together with 1 mM aspartame to the cells that stably expressed the sweet taste receptor, it inhibited the receptor activity in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 value of ibuprofen against the human sweet taste receptor was calculated as approximately 12 μM, and it was almost equal to that of 2,4-DP, which is known as the most potent NAM for the receptor to date. On the other hand, when the inhibitory activities of other profens were examined, naproxen also showed relatively potent NAM activity against the receptor. The results from both mutant analysis for the transmembrane domain (TMD) of T1R3 and docking simulation strongly suggest that ibuprofen and naproxen interact with T1R3-TMD, similar to lactisole and 2,4-DP. However, although 2,4-DP and ibuprofen had almost the same inhibitory activities, these activities were acquired by filling different spaces of the ligand pocket of T1R3-TMD; this knowledge could lead to the rational design of a novel NAM against the sweet taste receptor.
Empiric Antibacterial Therapy and Community-onset Bacterial Coinfection in Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Multi-hospital Cohort Study
Authors: Vaughn Valerie M , Gandhi Tejal N , Petty Lindsay A , Patel Payal K , Prescott Hallie C , Malani Anurag N , Ratz David , McLaughlin Elizabeth , Chopra Vineet , Flanders Scott A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Antibacterials may be initiated out of concern for bacterial coinfection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We determined prevalence and predictors of empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial coinfections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods
A randomly sampled cohort of 1705 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in 38 Michigan hospitals between 3/13/2020 and 6/18/2020. Data were collected on early (within 2 days of hospitalization) empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial coinfections (positive microbiologic test ≤3 days). Poisson generalized estimating equation models were used to assess predictors.

Results
Of 1705 patients with COVID-19, 56.6% were prescribed early empiric antibacterial therapy; 3.5% (59/1705) had a confirmed community-onset bacterial infection. Across hospitals, early empiric antibacterial use varied from 27% to 84%. Patients were more likely to receive early empiric antibacterial therapy if they were older (adjusted rate ratio [ARR]: 1.04 [1.00–1.08] per 10 years); had a lower body mass index (ARR: 0.99 [0.99–1.00] per kg/m2), more severe illness (eg, severe sepsis; ARR: 1.16 [1.07–1.27]), a lobar infiltrate (ARR: 1.21 [1.04–1.42]); or were admitted to a for-profit hospital (ARR: 1.30 [1.15–1.47]). Over time, COVID-19 test turnaround time (returned ≤1 day in March [54.2%, 461/850] vs April [85.2%, 628/737], P &lt; .001) and empiric antibacterial use (ARR: 0.71 [0.63–0.81] April vs March) decreased.

Conclusions
The prevalence of confirmed community-onset bacterial coinfections was low. Despite this, half of patients received early empiric antibacterial therapy. Antibacterial use varied widely by hospital. Reducing COVID-19 test turnaround time and supporting stewardship could improve antibacterial use.
Timescale and colony-dependent relationships between environmental conditions and plasma oxidative markers in a long-lived bat species
Authors: Beaulieu Michaël , Touzalin Frédéric , Dool Serena E , Teeling Emma C , Puechmaille Sébastien J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To increase the applicability and success of physiological approaches in conservation plans, conservation physiology should be based on ecologically relevant relationships between physiological markers and environmental variation that can only be obtained from wild populations. Given their integrative and multifaceted aspects, markers of oxidative status have recently been considered in conservation physiology, but still need to be validated across environmental conditions and locations. Here, we examined whether inter-annual variation in two oxidative markers, plasma antioxidant capacity and plasma hydroperoxides, followed inter-annual variation in temperature anomalies and associated vegetation changes in four colonies of long-lived greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) monitored over five consecutive years. We found that the plasma antioxidant capacity of bats decreased while plasma hydroperoxide concentrations increased with increasing temperature anomalies occurring in the two weeks before blood sampling. Moreover, the antioxidant defences of these bats reflected vegetation indices, which themselves reflected the thermal conditions experienced by bats in their foraging habitat. Variation in oxidative markers therefore appears to be due to variation in thermoregulatory costs and to indirect changes in foraging costs. Overall, these results validate the use of markers of oxidative status in conservation physiology to monitor thermal perturbations recently experienced by animals in their natural habitat. However, even though oxidative markers varied in the same direction in all four bat colonies across years, the amplitude of their response differed. If these different physiological responses reflect different performances (e.g. productivity, survival rate) between colonies, this implies that, if necessary, conservation measures may need to be applied at the local scale.
Parallel Lives: Shakespeare and the Debate Over Emotional Involvement
Authors: Hall James 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The decades around 1600 saw a Europe-wide vogue for artists, writers, orators, and actors to fully identify with their sitters, subjects, or characters, the practice often being justified with the Horatian dictum, ‘If you want me to cry, mourn first yourself’ (Russell and Winterbottom 1972: 282 [Ars 101]). Among the more extreme manifestations are the young sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini, who in 1617 burnt himself while preparing to carve the martyrdom of St Lawrence on a gridiron, and the French actor Montdory, famous for full-throttle mad scenes, who in 1637 suffered a paralytic stroke to the tongue and right arm while acting Herod (Bernini 1713: 15; Bernini 2011: 103; Wiley 1960: 103–6).1 The philosopher and heretic Tommaso Campanella (1568–1639) cited Horace’s dictum in his treatise of rhetoric (Campanella 1954: 751, 763), adding yawning to the roster of expressions — ‘if you want me to yawn, yawn first yourself…’. When Campanella was in the Inquisition’s prison, he became notorious for mimicking people’s physiognomy, sometimes only on the basis of a verbal description, claiming it enabled him to read their mind. He would grimace as he imagined he possessed their features and even hair, so that visitors thought he was suffering the permanent affects of torture, or was insane (Campanella 2007: 116–17; Gaffarel 1629: 266–70). The purpose of this essay is two-fold. I want to historicize this ‘baroque’ fashion, arguing that the rediscovery of Aristotle’s Poetics helped put what I term sympathetic mimicry centre stage. I will also analyse four relevant scenes from Shakespeare — three of which centre on portrait painting — in which the issue of sympathetic mimicry is explored in various ways. I shall argue that Shakespeare exhibited both fascination and scepticism for this classical technique and the raw power it unleashes, and that he particularly associated it with painters.
Optimal P2Y12 inhibition in older adults with acute coronary syndromes: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Montalto Claudio , Morici Nuccia , Munafò Andrea Raffaele , Mangieri Antonio , Mandurino-Mirizzi Alessandro , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Oreglia Jacopo , Latib Azeem , Porto Italo , Colombo Antonio , Savonitto Stefano , De Servi Stefano , Crimi Gabriele 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsDual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with a P2Y12 inhibitor on top of aspirin is the cornerstone of therapy after acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Nonetheless, the safest and most efficacious P2Y12 for older patients who are both at high ischaemic and bleeding risk remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the effect of available P2Y12 inhibitors on ischaemic and bleeding endpoints in older adults with ACS.Methods and resultsRandomized clinical trials that reported separately the results of adults older &gt;70 years for at least the primary endpoint [composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke]. Seven studies (14 485 patients-years) were included. Network meta-analysis showed that prasugrel was associated with similar occurrence of the primary endpoint and of a secondary ischaemic endpoint (composite of MI and stroke) and was most likely the best treatment [Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve Analysis (SUCRA) 54.5 and 59.8, respectively]. With regards to major bleedings, clopidogrel showed the highest likelihood of event reduction (SUCRA 70.1%), while ticagrelor of stent thrombosis (SUCRA 55.6%). Our meta-regression with a fixed proportion of patients managed invasively of 100% confirmed these trends with increasing SUCRA.ConclusionAmong older subjects with ACS, DAPT should be balanced upon ischaemic and bleeding risks as prasugrel is associated with the highest probability of reduction of ischaemic events and clopidogrel of bleedings. Ticagrelor had highest SUCRA for stent thrombosis reduction but seems suboptimal in older adults.
Brugada syndrome and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: overlapping disorders of the connexome?
Authors: Ben-Haim Yael , Asimaki Angeliki , Behr Elijah R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and Brugada syndrome (BrS) are inherited diseases characterized by an increased risk for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Possible overlap between the two was suggested soon after the description of BrS. Since then, various studies focusing on different aspects have been published pointing to similar findings in the two diseases. More recent findings on the structure of the cardiac cell–cell junctions may unite the pathophysiology of both diseases and give further evidence to the theory that they may in part be variants of the same disease spectrum. In this review, we aim to summarize the studies indicating the pathophysiological, genetic, structural, and electrophysiological overlap between ACM and BrS.
On the Use of Blood Samples for Measuring DNA Methylation in Ecological Epigenetic Studies
Authors: Husby Arild 
Published: August 2020

Synopsis
There is increasing interest in understanding the potential for epigenetic factors to contribute to phenotypic diversity in evolutionary biology. One well studied epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation, the addition of a methyl group to cytosines, which have the potential to alter gene expression depending on the genomic region in which it takes place. Obtaining information about DNA methylation at genome-wide scale has become straightforward with the use of bisulfite treatment in combination with reduced representation or whole-genome sequencing. While it is well recognized that methylation is tissue specific, a frequent limitation for many studies is that sampling-specific tissues may require sacrificing individuals, something which is generally undesirable and sometimes impossible. Instead, information about DNA methylation patterns in the blood is frequently used as a proxy tissue. This can obviously be problematic if methylation patterns in the blood do not reflect that in the relevant tissue. Understanding how, or if, DNA methylation in blood reflect DNA methylation patterns in other tissues is therefore of utmost importance if we are to make inferences about how observed differences in methylation or temporal changes in methylation can contribute to phenotypic variation. The aim of this review is to examine what we know about the potential for using blood samples in ecological epigenetic studies. I briefly outline some methods by which we can measure DNA methylation before I examine studies that have compared DNA methylation patterns across different tissues and, finally, examine how useful blood samples may be for ecological studies of DNA methylation. Ecological epigenetic studies are in their infancy, but it is paramount for the field to move forward to have detailed information about tissue and time dependence relationships in methylation to gain insights into if blood DNA methylation patterns can be a reliable bioindicator for changes in methylation that generate phenotypic variation in ecologically important traits.
Dimension of the Moduli Space of a Germ of Curve in ℂ2
Authors: Genzmer Yohann 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this article, we prove a formula that computes the generic dimension of the moduli space of a germ of irreducible curve in the complex plane. It is obtained from the study of the Saito module associated to the curve, which is the module of germs of holomorphic $1$-forms leaving the curve invariant.
Physical Activity for Oncological Patients in COVID-19 Era: No Time to Relax
Authors: Avancini Alice , Trestini Ilaria , Tregnago Daniela , Wiskemann Joachim , Lanza Massimo , Milella Michele , Pilotto Sara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Whereas the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) storm is relentlessly progressing worldwide, a great effort from scientific societies has been made to give recommendations for safely continuing oncological care, prioritizing the interventions according to patients' condition and type and stage of tumor. Nevertheless, to date no specific suggestions regarding physical activity and exercise in cancer patients during the COVID-19 era have been released, neglecting the potential deleterious effects of quarantine and sedentary behaviour (imposed as containment measures against COVID-19), particularly in these subjects. Moreover, literature is constantly consolidating the crucial impact of regular physical activity in cancer in reducing recurrence and mortality risk. In this commentary, we discuss possible adaptations of the recently published exercise guidelines to the current pandemic emergency, proposing various modalities to prevent or mitigate the physical inactivity risk in cancer patients.