bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual Reality–Based Biofeedback and Guided Meditation in Rheumatology: A Pilot Study
Authors: Venuturupalli R. Swamy , Chu Timothy , Vicari Marcus , Kumar Amit , Fortune Natalie , Spielberg Ben 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveAs technology continues to improve, it plays an increasingly vital role in the practice of medicine. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the implementation of virtual reality (VR) in a rheumatology clinic as a platform to administer guided meditation and biofeedback as a means of reducing chronic pain.MethodsTwenty participants were recruited from a rheumatology clinic. These participants included adults with physician‐diagnosed autoimmune disorders who were on a stable regimen of medication and had a score of at least 5 on the pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for a minimum of 4 days during the prior 30 days. VAS, part of most composite outcome measurements in rheumatology, is an instrument used to assess pain that consists of a straight line with the endpoints ranging from “no pain at all” and “pain as bad as it could be.” Patients were randomized into two groups that differed in the order in which they experienced the two VR modules. One module consisted of a guided meditation (GM) environment, whereas the other module consisted of a respiratory biofeedback (BFD) environment. Data on pain and anxiety levels were gathered before, during, and after the two modules.ResultsThe three most common diagnoses among participants were rheumatoid arthiritis (RA), lupus, and fibromyalgia. There was a significant reduction in VAS scores after BFD and GM (P values = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). There was a significant reduction in Facial Anxiety Scale after the GM compared with the BFD (P values = 0.02 and 0.08, respectively).ConclusionThis novel study demonstrated that VR could be a feasible solution for the management of pain and anxiety in rheumatology patients. Further trials with varying treatment exposures and durations are required to solidify the viability of VR as a treatment option in rheumatology clinics.
2D Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene Hybrid as Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Long‐Life Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Xu Yangyang , Deng Peilin , Chen Guangda , Chen Jinxi , Yan Ya , Qi Kai , Liu Hongfang , Xia Bao Yu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe rational construction of efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is of immense significance yet challenging for rechargeable metal–air batteries. Herein, this work reports a metal–organic framework derived 2D nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes/graphene hybrid as the efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries. The as‐obtained hybrid exhibits excellent catalytic activity and durability for the oxygen electrochemical reactions due to the synergistic effect by the hierarchical structure and heteroatom doping. The assembled rechargeable zinc–air battery achieves a high power density of 253 mW cm−2 and specific capacity of 801 mAh gZn−1 with excellent cycle stability of over 3000 h at 5 mA cm−2. Moreover, the flexible solid‐state rechargeable zinc–air batteries assembled by this hybrid oxygen electrocatalyst exhibits a high discharge power density of 223 mW cm−2, which can power 45 light‐emitting diodes and charge a cellphone. This work provides valuable insights in designing efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for long‐life metal–air batteries and related energy conversion technologies.
3D Printing of Interdigitated Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Chortos Alex , Hajiesmaili Ehsan , Morales Javier , Clarke David R. , Lewis Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are soft electromechanical devices that exhibit large energy densities and fast actuation rates. They are typically produced by planar methods and, thus, expand in‐plane when actuated. Here, reported is a method for fabricating 3D interdigitated DEAs that exhibit in‐plane contractile actuation modes. First, a conductive elastomer ink is created with the desired rheology needed for printing high‐fidelity, interdigitated electrodes. Upon curing, the electrodes are then encapsulated in a self‐healing dielectric matrix composed of a plasticized, chemically crosslinked polyurethane acrylate. 3D DEA devices are fabricated with tunable mechanical properties that exhibit breakdown fields of 25 V µm−1 and actuation strains of up to 9%. As exemplars, printed are prestrain‐free rotational actuators and multi‐voxel DEAs with orthogonal actuation directions in large‐area, out‐of‐plane motifs.
A Nonmetallic Stretchable Nylon‐Modified High Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting
Authors: Qian Jichao , He Jian , Qian Shuo , Zhang Jing , Niu Xushi , Fan Xueming , Wang Chao , Hou Xiaojuan , Mu Jiliang , Geng Wenping , Chou Xiujian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs a new energy harvesting strategy, triboelectric nanogenerators which have a broad application prospect in collecting environmental energy, human body mechanical energy, and supplying power for low‐power electronic devices, have attracted extensive attention. However, technology challenges still exist in the stretchability for the preparation of some high‐performance triboelectric materials. In this work, a new strategy for nonmetallic nylon‐modified triboelectric nanogenerators (NM‐TENGs) is reported. Nylon is introduced as a high performance friction material to enhance the output performance of the stretchable TENG. The uniform matrix reduces the difficulty of heterogeneous integration and enhances the structural strength. The open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and short‐circuit current (ISC) of NM‐TENG can reach up to 1.17 kV and 138 µA, respectively. The instantaneous power density reaches 11.2 W m−2 and the rectified output can directly light ≈480 LEDs. The transferred charge density is ≈100 µC m−2 in one cycle when charging the capacitor. In addition, a low‐power electronic clock can be driven directly by the rectified signal without additional circuits. NM‐TENG also has high enough strain rate and can be attached to the human body for energy harvesting effectively. This work provides a new idea for fabrication of stretchable TENGs and demonstrates their potential application.
Perpendicular MXene Arrays with Periodic Interspaces toward Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes with High‐Rate Capabilities
Authors: Cao Zhenjiang , Zhu Qi , Wang Shuai , Zhang Di , Chen Hao , Du Zhiguo , Li Bin , Yang Shubin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough lithium metal is an ultimate anode material for lithium‐based batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity, the uncontrollable dendrites and infinite volume change associated with poor rate capabilities are stagnating its practical applications. Here, a new type of perpendicular MXene–Li array is developed with tunable MXene walls and constant space in between as anodes for lithium metal batteries. Such perpendicular MXene arrays possess dual periodic interspaces, i.e., nanometer‐scale interspaces in MXene walls and micrometer‐scale interspaces between MXene walls. The former interspaces are favorable for the fast transfer of lithium ions upon stripping and plating, and the latter enables efficiently homogenization of the electric field, leading to a good high‐rate capability up to 20 mA cm−2. More importantly, the notorious lightning rod effect and volume change are efficiently inhibited in such perpendicular MXene arrays, giving rise to a dendrite‐free lithium anode with a low potential of 25 mV, a high capacity of 2056 mAh g−1, and good cycle stability up to 1700 h.
A “Missile‐Detonation” Strategy to Precisely Supply and Efficiently Amplify Cerenkov Radiation Energy for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Yu Bo , Ni Dalong , Rosenkrans Zachary T. , Barnhart Todd E. , Wei Hao , Ferreira Carolina A. , Lan Xiaoli , Engle Jonathan W. , He Qianjun , Yu Faquan , Cai Weibo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCerenkov radiation (CR) from radionuclides can act as a built‐in light source for cancer theranostics, opening a new horizon in biomedical applications. However, considerably low tumor‐targeting efficiency of existing radionuclides and radionuclide‐based nanomedicines limits the efficacy of CR‐induced theranostics (CRIT). It remains a challenge to precisely and efficiently supply CR energy to the tumor site. Here, a “missile‐detonation” strategy is reported, in which a high dose of p‐SCN‐Bn‐deferoxamine‐porphyrin‐PEG nanocomplex (Df‐PPN) is first adminstered as a CR energy receiver/missile to passively target to tumor, and then a low dose of the 89Zr‐labeled Df‐PPN is administrated as a CR energy donor/detonator, which can be visualized and quantified by Cerenkov energy transfer imaging, positron‐emission tomography, and fluorescence imaging. Based on homologous properties, the colocalization of Df‐PPN and 89Zr‐Df‐PPN in the tumor site is maximized and efficient CR energy transfer is enabled, which maximizes the tumor‐targeted CRIT efficacy in an optimal spatiotemporal setting while also reducing adverse off‐target effects from CRIT. This precise and efficient CRIT strategy causes significant tumor vascular damage and inhibited tumor growth.
Supercapillary Architecture‐Activated Two‐Phase Boundary Layer Structures for Highly Stable and Efficient Flow Boiling Heat Transfer
Authors: Li Wenming , Wang Zuankai , Yang Fanghao , Alam Tamanna , Jiang Mengnan , Qu Xiaopeng , Kong Fengyu , Khan Ahmed Shehab , Liu Minjie , Alwazzan Mohammad , Tong Yan , Li Chen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDevelopment of smaller, faster, and more powerful electronic devices requires effective cooling strategies to efficiently remove ever‐greater heat. Phase‐change heat transfer such as boiling and evaporation has been widely exploited in various water‐energy industries owing to its efficient heat transfer mode. Despite extensive progress, it remains challenging to achieve the physical limit of flow boiling due to highly transitional and chaotic nature of multiphase flows as well as unfavorable boundary layer structures. Herein, a new strategy that promises to approach the physical limit of flow boiling heat transfer is reported. The flow boiling device with multiple channels is characterized with the design of micropinfin fences, which fundamentally transforms the boundary layer structures and imparts significantly higher heat transfer coefficient even at high heat flux conditions, in which boiling heat transfer is usually deteriorated due to the development of dryout starting from outlet regions and severe two‐phase flow instabilities. Moreover, the approaching of physical limit is achieved without elevating pressure drop.
Controlling the Growth Kinetics and Optoelectronic Properties of 2D/3D Lead–Tin Perovskite Heterojunctions
Authors: Ruggeri Edoardo , Anaya Miguel , Gałkowski Krzysztof , Delport Géraud , Kosasih Felix Utama , Abfalterer Anna , Mackowski Sebastian , Ducati Caterina , Stranks Samuel D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHalide perovskites are emerging as valid alternatives to conventional photovoltaic active materials owing to their low cost and high device performances. This material family also shows exceptional tunability of properties by varying chemical components, crystal structure, and dimensionality, providing a unique set of building blocks for new structures. Here, highly stable self‐assembled lead–tin perovskite heterostructures formed between low‐bandgap 3D and higher‐bandgap 2D components are demonstrated. A combination of surface‐sensitive X‐ray diffraction, spatially resolved photoluminescence, and electron microscopy measurements is used to reveal that microstructural heterojunctions form between high‐bandgap 2D surface crystallites and lower‐bandgap 3D domains. Furthermore, in situ X‐ray diffraction measurements are used during film formation to show that an ammonium thiocyanate additive delays formation of the 3D component and thus provides a tunable lever to substantially increase the fraction of 2D surface crystallites. These novel heterostructures will find use in bottom cells for stable tandem photovoltaics with a surface 2D layer passivating the 3D material, or in energy‐transfer devices requiring controlled energy flow from localized surface crystallites to the bulk.
A Micropillar‐Assisted Versatile Strategy for Highly Sensitive and Efficient Triboelectric Energy Generation under In‐Plane Stimuli
Authors: Chun Sungwoo , Pang Changhyun , Cho Sung Beom 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor the application of portable and wearable devices, the development of energy harvesters sensitive to various types of local and subtle mechanical displacements is essential. One of the most abundant but difficult‐to‐harvest mechanical energies in everyday life is the in‐plane kinetic energy that arises from a rubbing motion. Here, an efficient method is proposed to generate electrical energy from tiny horizontal forces by laminating microstructures on a conventional triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The microhairy structures serve to induce contact friction between the two dielectric materials, driven by reversible mechanical bending when a contact rubbing pressure or noncontact airflow is applied in the horizontal direction. Compared to TENG devices without microstructures, the introduction of microstructures greatly enhances the energy harvesting in the same situation. In addition, the TENG device with micropillars can generate electrical output under tiny mechanical variations (<0.2 Pa) induced by a local deformation below individual micropillars. A high energy‐generation capability is demonstrated by rubbing textured samples on the micropillar‐structured TENG devices to induce horizontal contact friction. The devices can also efficiently harvest electrical energy from noncontact fluidic airflow. By assembling the microhairy structures on a conventional TENG, more complex and realistic mechanical motion can be harvested.
Dual‐Locking Nanoparticles Disrupt the PD‐1/PD‐L1 Pathway for Efficient Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Zhanzhan , Wang Qixue , Liu Qi , Zheng Yadan , Zheng Chunxiong , Yi Kaikai , Zhao Yu , Gu Yu , Wang Ying , Wang Chun , Zhao Xinzhi , Shi Linqi , Kang Chunsheng , Liu Yang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated (Cas) enzyme, Cas13a, holds great promise in cancer treatment due to its potential for selective destruction of tumor cells via collateral effects after target recognition. However, these collateral effects do not specifically target tumor cells and may cause safety issues when administered systemically. Herein, a dual‐locking nanoparticle (DLNP) that can restrict CRISPR/Cas13a activation to tumor tissues is described. DLNP has a core–shell structure, in which the CRISPR/Cas13a system (plasmid DNA, pDNA) is encapsulated inside the core with a dual‐responsive polymer layer. This polymer layer endows the DLNP with enhanced stability during blood circulation or in normal tissues and facilitates cellular internalization of the CRISPR/Cas13a system and activation of gene editing upon entry into tumor tissue. After carefully screening and optimizing the CRISPR RNA (crRNA) sequence that targets programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), DLNP demonstrates the effective activation of T‐cell‐mediated antitumor immunity and the reshaping of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in B16F10‐bearing mice, resulting in significantly enhanced antitumor effect and improved survival rate. Further development by replacing the specific crRNA of target genes can potentially make DLNP a universal platform for the rapid development of safe and efficient cancer immunotherapies.
Selective Manipulation and Trapping of Magnetically Barcoded Materials
Authors: Hajiaghajani Amirhossein , Escobar Alberto Ranier , Dautta Manik , Tseng Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractManipulation of magnetic materials (including remote‐controlled motions or structural deformations) plays a major role in modern micro‐ to macro‐scale systems. Magnetic operations create highly predicable outcomes in the behavior of systems, however these have difficulty performing subordinate and/or higher‐order operations. This lack of selectivity remains a critical drawback of magnetic manipulation schemes. Here, a strategy of engineering highly selective magnetic responses is studied and implemented. This is achieved by combining magnetic barcodes (“keys” encoded with layers of magnetic anisotropy) with programmable magnetic platforms (locking select codes in place with matching spatiotemporal magnetic fields). Presently, barcodes are realized by encoding hydrogel with sequences of magnetic microchains with binary spatial orientations. A number of unique capabilities of this approach are studied, including the untethered, selective anchoring of magnetic barcodes to programmable sites, as well as the selective latching of barcodes against background magnetic tags during flow. This approach may be used as a building block in micro‐ to macro‐scale magnetic interfaces.
Cruciform Molecules Bearing Bis(phenylsulfonyl)benzene Moieties for High‐Efficiency Solution Processable OLEDs: When Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Meets Mechanochromic Luminescence
Authors: Zhou Di , Ryoo Chi Hyun , Liu Denghui , Wang Shengyue , Qian Gaowei , Zheng Yanqiong , Park Soo Young , Zhu Weiguo , Wang Yafei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFour crucifix‐shaped molecules, named TPA‐BPSB, DMAc‐BPSB, MTPA‐BPSB and MDMAc‐BPSB, bearing the same acceptor fragment of bis(phenylsulfonyl)benzene (BPSB) and different donor segments (TPA and MTPA are the diphenylamine derivatives while DMAc and MDMAc are the 9,9‐dimethylacridine derivatives) are synthesized and characterized by NMR, mass spectra, and single crystal X‐ray crystallography. The molecular structure–property relationship of these crucifix‐shaped molecules is systematically explored. All compounds display thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in the region of 500–550 nm. In addition, charming mechanochromic luminescence properties are observed for all these TADF molecules under external stimuli, such as grinding and exposure to CH2Cl2 vapor. Four TADF molecules are used as the emitters in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated via solution process. MTPA‐BPSB‐based device presents a best performance with a highest external quantum efficiency of ≈21%, which is among the highest efficiencies for reported BPSB‐based solution‐processable OLEDs so far. This research has an important significance in designing high‐efficiency multifunctional TADF molecules.
Polarization‐Insensitive Metalens with Extended Focal Depth and Longitudinal High‐Tolerance Imaging
Authors: Zang XiaoFei , Xu WeiWei , Gu Min , Yao BingShuang , Chen Lin , Peng Yan , Xie JingYa , Balakin Alexey V. , Shkurinov Alexander P. , Zhu YiMing , Zhuang SongLin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLenses with an extended focal depth have crucial applications in high‐precision optical alignment systems and optical disk readout systems. However, further development of lenses with an extended focal depth under radial and angular modulation is limited because of fabrication difficulties. Metasurfaces, 2D metamaterials, have shown unprecedented capabilities in the manipulation of the intensity, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic waves. Here, based on geometric metasurfaces, an approach for realizing a terahertz metalens is proposed and experimentally demonstrated with simultaneous extended focal depth and polarization insensitivity. Under the illumination of arbitrarily polarized light, this metalens shows a focal depth of ≈23 λ along the propagation direction, resulting in an ultralong longitudinal working distance. As a proof‐of‐concept, longitudinal high‐tolerance imaging based on the metalens is demonstrated. The unique approach for designing polarization‐insensitive metalenses with an extended focal depth may find applications in imaging, lithography, and information processing.
On the Origin of Dark Current in Organic Photodiodes
Authors: Simone Giulio , Dyson Matthew J. , Weijtens Christ H. L. , Meskers Stefan C. J. , Coehoorn Reinder , Janssen René A. J. , Gelinck Gerwin H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMinimizing the reverse bias dark current while retaining external quantum efficiency is crucial if the light detection sensitivity of organic photodiodes (OPDs) is to compete with inorganic photodetectors. However, a quantitative relationship between the magnitude of the dark current density under reverse bias (  Jd) and the properties of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layer has so far not been established. Here, a systematic analysis of Jd in state‐of‐the‐art BHJ OPDs using five polymers with a range of energy levels and charge transport characteristics is presented. The magnitude and activation energy of Jd are explained using a model that assumes charge injection from the metal contacts into an energetically disordered semiconductor. By relating Jd to material parameters, insights into the origin of Jd are obtained that enable the future selection of successful OPD materials.
TRIM14 Promotes Noncanonical NF‐κB Activation by Modulating p100/p52 Stability via Selective Autophagy
Authors: Chen Meixin , Zhao Zhiyao , Meng Qingcai , Liang Puping , Su Zexiong , Wu Yaoxing , Huang Junjiu , Cui Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe noncanonical NF‐κB signaling pathway plays a critical role in a variety of biological functions including chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. Activation of noncanonical NF‐κB signaling largely relies on the abundance as well as the processing of the NF‐κB family member p100/p52. Here, TRIM14 is identified as a novel positive regulator of the noncanonical NF‐κB signaling pathway. TRIM14 promotes noncanonical NF‐κB activation by targeting p100/p52 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, a mechanistic study shows that TRIM14 recruits deubiquitinase USP14 to cleave the K63‐linked ubiquitin chains of p100/p52 at multiple sites, thereby preventing p100/p52 from cargo receptor p62‐mediated autophagic degradation. TRIM14 deficiency in mice significantly impairs noncanonical NF‐κB‐mediated inflammatory responses as well as acute colitis and colitis‐associated colon cancer development. Taken together, these findings establish the TRIM14‐USP14 axis as a crucial checkpoint that controls noncanonical NF‐κB signaling and highlight the crosstalk between autophagy and innate immunity.
Fast and Reversible Four‐Electron Storage Enabled by Ethyl Viologen for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Sun Yue , Zou Qingli , Lu Yi‐Chun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) batteries are the most promising “post‐lithium‐ion” energy storage technologies owing to their high theoretical energy density, low cost, and intrinsic safety with air and moisture. However, the development of Mg batteries has been limited to cathode materials leading to low power, low reversible energy density, and poor cycle life. Here, a new Mg cathode is reported based on ethyl viologen (EV), which not only has a fast redox couple EV2+/EV0 but also is capable of coupling with redox‐active anions, such as iodide (I−), achieving a total four‐electron storage. The EV2+/EV0 redox couple demonstrates a superior rate performance (10 C) and stable cycle life (500 cycles) owing to intrinsic fast electrode kinetics. A high material utilization (>80%) can be achieved at 1.0 C under a high areal loading of 5 mg cm−2. When coupling with iodide I−, a reversible four‐electron storage is achieved with a high energy density (304.2 Wh kg−1) and a stable cycle life (>100 cycles). This study provides effective strategies for designing reversible multielectron storage for high‐rate and high‐energy rechargeable Mg batteries.