bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swimming toward solutions: Using fish and frogs as models for understandingRASopathies
Authors: Patterson Victoria L. , Burdine Rebecca D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe RAS signaling pathway regulates cell growth, survival, and differentiation, and its inappropriate activation is associated with disease in humans. The RASopathies, a set of developmental syndromes, arise when the pathway is overactive during development. Patients share a core set of symptoms, including congenital heart disease, craniofacial anomalies, and neurocognitive delay. Due to the conserved nature of the pathway, animal models are highly informative for understanding disease etiology, and zebrafish andXenopusare emerging as advantageous model systems. Here we discuss these aquatic models of RASopathies, which recapitulate many of the core symptoms observed in patients. Craniofacial structures become dysmorphic upon expression of disease‐associated mutations, resulting in wider heads. Heart defects manifest as delays in cardiac development and changes in heart size, and behavioral deficits are beginning to be explored. Furthermore, early convergence and extension defects cause elongation of developing embryos: this phenotype can be quantitatively assayed as a readout of mutation strength, raising interesting questions regarding the relationship between pathway activation and disease. Additionally, the observation that RAS signaling may be simultaneously hyperactive and attenuated suggests that downregulation of signaling may also contribute to etiology. We propose that models should be characterized using a standardized approach to allow easier comparison between models, and a better understanding of the interplay between mutation and disease presentation.
Colorimetric sensing of iodide ions based on unmodified gold nanoparticles and the distinctive antiaggregation‐to‐aggregation process
Authors: Sun Xiaoxiao , Zhao Yuqi , Cui Xiaoqian , Liu Ruxin , Yu Miao , Fei Qiang , Liu Qingwen , Feng Guodong , Shan Hongyan , Huan Yanfu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA highly sensitive and selective colorimetric analysis method based on unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to detect iodide ions (I−) in solution in the presence of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and mercury ions (Hg2+) has been successfully developed. Hg2+ could form a gold amalgam with AuNPs to protect AuNPs from CTAB‐induced aggregation caused by the electrostatic attraction between CTAB and citrate ion‐covered AuNPs. When a mixture of Hg2+ and I− was added to the solution of AuNPs, the formation of the HgI2 complex destroyed the protection of Hg2+ for AuNPs, which led to the aggregation of AuNPs accompanied with the change in colour of the solution from red to grey black and decrease in the absorbance of AuNPs at 520 nm. There was a good linear relationship between A520nm and I− concentration from 0 to 800 nM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 4.2 nM. Furthermore, this simple and reliable colorimetric sensor has been applied successfully to the detection of I− in practical samples.
Nanozyme‐based luminescence detection
Authors: Zhang Jinyi , Liu Juewen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNanozymes refer to nanomaterial‐based enzyme mimics. Most nanozyme assays use chromogenic molecules as substrates that can produce an absorbance change in the visible region upon reaction. For certain applications, such as imaging, fluorescence and luminescence signals are required. Fluorescence detection is also advantageous for sensor development due to its low background signal and high sensitivity. A few substrates, such as Amplex Red and luminol, allow luminescence generation with many oxidative nanozymes. In addition, these substrates can work at neutral pH, useful for intracellular applications. In this review, we summarize luminescence signalling‐based nanozyme systems. We begin with the properties of commonly used substrates. A few specific nanozymes are highlighted, including metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanomaterials, carbon‐based nanomaterials, and metal–organic frameworks. Finally, a few future research opportunities are discussed.
Modulatoren der Kanalfunktion
Authors: Düesberg Uta , Bend Jutta , Smaczny Christina 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDiagnose und Therapie der Mukoviszidose sind in den letzten Jahren revolutioniert worden. Mit dem Neugeborenenscreening ist nun eine frühe Diagnose möglich, und die Behandlung mit CFTR‐Modulatoren bekämpft die Erbkrankheit am Basisdefekt. Bei einem frühen Einsatz könnten viele irreversible Schädigungen vermieden und Lebensqualität und Krankheitslast der Patienten deutlich reduziert werden. Laut dem Deutschen Mukoviszidose‐Register hat ein heute geborenes Kind mit Mukoviszidose eine durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung von 53 Jahren [2]. Schon heute gibt es mehr erwachsene Patienten als Kinder mit Mukoviszidose, die vor gar nicht allzu langer Zeit noch als reine Kinderkrankheit galt. Dieser Wandel führt aber auch zu Problemen in der Versorgung, denn die Strukturen im Gesundheitssystem halten nicht Schritt. Viele der erwachsenen Patienten müssen an Kinderkliniken behandelt werden, denn es gibt viel zu wenige Einrichtungen, die auf die Behandlung erwachsener Patienten spezialisiert sind. Hier gibt es bei aller Freude über den Fortschritt noch viele Herausforderungen. Auch der Dokumentation von Langzeitwirkungen der neuen Medikamente kommt eine große Bedeutung zu. Und schließlich dürfen die Patienten (ca. 10 %) nicht vergessen werden, die so seltene Mutationen des CFTR tragen, dass für sie derzeit noch keine der zugelassenen Therapien in Frage kommt. Hier könnte ein personalisierter Ansatz mittels Organoiden greifen, der mit dem HitCF‐Projekt bereits untersucht wird.
Experimente mit Gummibärchen
Authors: Sommer Isabell , Adrian Till , Katzarow‐Hermanns Maaike , Wiesmüller Christian 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungMit Gelatine in Form von Gummibärchen lassen sich durch einfache Experimente leicht die Unterschiede zu pflanzlichen Geliermitteln aufzeigen. Wie man diese Gummibärchen darüber hinaus zur Herstellung von nachhaltigen Etiketten nutzen kann, wird in diesem Beitrag gezeigt. Die dargestellten Experimente und Anleitungen sind Bestandteil eines Koffers mit Unterrichtsmaterialien für die Durchführung einer Projektwoche an Schulen mit dem Thema Nachhaltigkeit.
Trousseau syndrome with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that could be removed radically after endovascular treatment: Report of a case
Authors: Murahashi Shuei , Takeuchi Yosuke , Hayashida Shintaro , Ohya Yuki , Shindo Seigo , Terasaki Tadashi , Inomata Yukihiro , Hara Yasuyuki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrousseau syndrome is a poor prognosis. We report a case of Trousseau syndrome treated by radical resection after endovascular treatment.CaseA 59‐year‐old woman presented to our department reporting spontaneous dizziness and pain of the upper abdomen. Magnetic resolution imaging (MRI) showed shower embolization of Brain. Contrast‐enhanced computer tomography (CT) showed renal infarction and splenic infarction, and a tumor was observed in the retrohepatic area. On day 9, sudden right side joint prejudice, neglect of left half space, and left hemiplegia were observed. MRI revealed obstruction of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) perfusion zone. On the same day, endovascular treatment was performed and reperfusion was obtained. We decided on a radical surgery policy because there were a primary lesion and a high risk of new embolism, and no metastasis was seen.DiscussionTrousseau syndrome generally has a poor prognosis, but active treatment should be considered as an option when we can expect the recovery of function.
Altered activation in sensorimotor network after applying rTMS over the primary motor cortex at different frequencies
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Li Lingyu , Wei Wei , Zhu Tingting , Huang Guo‐Feng , Li Xue , Ma Hui‐Bin , Lv Yating 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) can modulate brain activity both in the stimulated site and remote brain areas of the sensorimotor network. However, the modulatory effects of rTMS at different frequencies remain unclear. Here, we employed finger‐tapping task‐based fMRI to investigate alterations in activation of the sensorimotor network after the application of rTMS over the left M1 at different frequencies.Materials and MethodsForty‐five right‐handed healthy participants were randomly divided into three groups by rTMS frequency (HF, high‐frequency, 3 Hz; LF, low‐frequency, 1 Hz; and SHAM) and underwent two task‐fMRI sessions (RH, finger‐tapping with right index finger; LH, finger‐tapping with left index finger) before and after applying rTMS over the left M1. We defined regions of interest (ROIs) in the sensorimotor network based on group‐level activation maps (pre‐rTMS) from RH and LH tasks and calculated the percentage signal change (PSC) for each ROI. We then assessed the differences of PSC within HF or LF groups and between groups.ResultsApplication of rTMS at different frequencies resulted in a change in activation of several areas of the sensorimotor network. We observed the increased PSC in M1 after high‐frequency stimulation, while we detected the reduced PSC in the primary sensory cortex (S1), ventral premotor cortex (PMv), supplementary motor cortex (SMA), and putamen after low‐frequency stimulation. Moreover, the PSC in the SMA, dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), and putamen in the HF group was higher than in the LF group after stimulation.ConclusionOur findings suggested that activation alterations within sensorimotor network are dependent on the frequency of rTMS. Therefore, our findings contribute to understanding the effects of rTMS on brain activation in healthy individuals and ultimately may further help to suggest mechanisms of how rTMS could be employed as a therapeutic tool.
“Seat of the soul”? The structure and function of the pineal gland in women with alleged spirit possession—Results of two experimental studies
Authors: Bastos Marco Aurélio Vinhosa , Bastos Paulo Roberto Haidamus de Oliveira , e Paez Loyná Euá Flores , de Souza Edna Oliveira , Bogo Danielle , Perdomo Renata Trentin , Portella Renata Boschi , Ozaki Jorge Guilherme Okanobo , Iandoli Décio , Lucchetti Giancarlo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCultural traditions attribute to pineal gland an important role for spiritual experiences. Mediumship and spirit possession are cultural phenomena found worldwide which have been described as having dissociative and psychotic‐like characteristics, but with nonpathological aspects. A sympathetic activation pattern in response to spirit possession has been reported in some studies, but empirical data on pineal gland is scarce in this context.MethodsWe aimed to investigate pineal gland and pituitary volumes, as well as urinary 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin levels in 16 alleged mediums (Medium Group‐MG) compared with 16 healthy nonmedium controls (Control Group) (Experiment 1). Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate urinary 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin and stress reactivity in GM (n = 10) under different physiological conditions (Experiment 2).ResultsIn Experiment 1, MG presented higher scores of anomalous experiences, but there were no between‐group differences regarding mental health or subjective sleep quality. Similar pineal gland and pituitary volumes were observed between groups. There were no between‐group differences in urinary 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin collected under equivalent baseline conditions. In Experiment 2, the rise of anxiety and heart rate in response to mediumistic experience was intermediate between a nonstressful control task (reading) and a stressful control task (Trier Social Stress Test—TSST). No significant differences were observed in 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin urinary levels between the three conditions. The pattern of stress reactivity during the TSST was normal, but with an attenuated salivary cortisol response.ConclusionThe normal neuroimaging and stress reactivity findings in MG contrast with the abnormal results usually observed in subjects with psychotic and dissociative disorders.
Dynamic visual cortical connectivity analysis based on functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zhao Le , Zeng Weiming , Shi Yuhu , Nie Weifang , Yang Jiajun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies of brain functional connectivity (FC) and effective connectivity (EC) using the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have advanced our understanding of functional organization on visual cortex of human brain. The current studies mainly focus on static or dynamic connectivity, while the relationships between them have not been well characterized especially for static EC (sEC) and dynamic EC (dEC), as well as the consistency characteristics of changing trend of dFCs and dECs, which is of great importance to reveal the neural information processing mechanism in visual cortex region.MethodIn this study, we explore these relationships among several subareas of human visual cortex (V1–V5) by calculating the connection intensity and information flow among them over time by sliding window method, which are defined by Pearson correlation coefficient and Granger causality analysis, respectively, in each window.ResultsThe results demonstrate that there are extensive connections existing in human visual network, which are time‐varying both in resting and task‐related states. sFC intensity is negatively correlated with the variance of dFC, while sEC intensity is positively correlated with the variance of dEC. Furthermore, we also find that dFC within visual cortex at rest shows more consistency, while dEC shows less compared with task state in changing trend.ConclusionTherefore, this study provides novel findings about dynamics of connectivity in human visual cortex from the perspective of functional and effective connectivity.
Eco‐innovation motivations and ecodesign tool implementation in companies in the Nordic textile and information technology sectors
Authors: Salo Hanna H. , Suikkanen Johanna , Nissinen Ari 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe current sustainability challenges and the required systemic transformation highlight the need for innovations on multiple levels. Ecodesign integrates environmental aspects into product and process design to reduce environmental impacts, whereas eco‐innovation also concerns nontechnological solutions. In this paper, we formulate a model that combines eco‐innovation targets ad mechanisms with sustainability maturity, which also concerns stimuli and barriers faced by companies and ecodesign tools used. The results are based on a questionnaire sent to 902 textile and information technology (IT) companies (N = 104) in the Nordic countries. The tools that Nordic textile and IT companies use in particular are life cycle assessment, type I ecolabel, and carbon footprint. Internal stimuli, especially general willingness, were important for eco‐innovativeness, while legislation and customer demand also pushed companies forward. Specific no‐go barriers were not identified, although increase in costs was a common barrier. The respondents focus often on technological product innovations, but rarely on functional innovation, renting of products, and so forth. This highlights the need to address the availability of the right kind of tools to support a broader suite of innovation that can drive toward the circular economy.
Stabilization of immobilized l‐arabinose isomerase for the production of d‐tagatose from d‐galactose
Authors: Bortone Nadia , Fidaleo Marcello 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work was to develop a stable immobilized enzyme biocatalyst for the isomerization of d‐galactose to d‐tagatose at high temperature. l‐Arabinose isomerase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima (TMAI) was produced as a (His)6‐tagged protein, immobilized on a copper–chelate epoxy support and subjected to several postimmobilization treatments aimed at increasing its operational and structural stability. Treatment with glutaraldehyde and ethylenediamine resulted in a more than twofold increase in the operational stability and in all enzyme subunits linked, directly or indirectly, to the support via covalent bonds. A postimmobilization treatment of the immobilized derivatives with mercaptoethanol for the removal of any remaining copper ions, determined a further increase of the operational biocatalytic activity. Immobilized derivatives subjected to both treatments were used for the bioconversion of 18 g/L d‐galactose to d‐tagatose at 80°C in a packed bed reactor in three repeated cycles and showed a better operational stability compared with the literature data. This study shows that a postimmobilization stabilization treatment with glutaraldehyde and ethylenediamine can stabilize the multi‐subunit structure of an enzyme immobilized on a metal‐chelate epoxy support with an increase of its operational stability, results that are not easily achievable with the sole immobilization on epoxy or metal chelate‐epoxy supports in the case of complex multimeric enzymes with geometric incongruence with the support.
An analysis of the professional preferences and choices of computer engineering students
Authors: Kabakus Abdullah Talha , Senturk Arafat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe revelation of the preferences and choices of students is critical for understanding which areas of the discipline they aim. Especially for final‐year undergraduate students, job prospects are an important concern. In this study, the graduation project choices of the final‐year undergraduate students in the department of computer engineering were investigated in light of their impact on both the industry and academia. A total of 1,693 course grades of 94 final‐year undergraduate students were retrieved from the Student Information System. These course grades were utilized as the features of the employed machine learning algorithms alongside the features that were deduced from them. In addition, the popularities of the graduation project topics on both GitHub and IEEE were investigated to reveal their impact on the industry and academia. To this end, we proposed an experimental study, using 14 machine learning techniques, that predicts the topics of the graduation projects that the final‐year undergraduate students chose. According to the experimental results, the accuracy of the proposed model was calculated to be as high as when it was utilized with the Bayes Net, Kleene Star, or J48 algorithm. This experimental result confirms the efficiency of the proposed model. Finally, the insights gained from the data are discussed to shed light on the reasons for the choices of the graduation projects as well as their relationships with the courses.
LncRNA‐XIST promotes the oxidative stress‐induced migration, invasion, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of osteosarcoma cancer cells through miR‐153‐SNAI1 axis
Authors: Wen Ji‐Feng , Jiang Yong‐Qing , Li Chao , Dai Xian‐Kui , Wu Tong , Yin Wen‐Zhe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of primary bone tumor that exhibits invasive growth and long‐distance organ metastasis. Thus, investigating the specifically targeted therapeutic agents against metastatic osteosarcoma depends on understanding the molecular mechanisms. The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) XIST (X‐inactive specific transcript) has been reported to have oncogenic roles in various malignant tumors including OS. However, its molecular mechanisms in OS migration and invasion are still under investigation. In the current study, we demonstrate that XIST is significantly upregulated in 30 pairs of OS tissues compared with their matched adjacent nontumor tissues by the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Overexpression of XIST significantly induced the invasion, migration, and the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. The epithelial marker, E‐cadherin was effectively suppressed by XIST overexpression. On the other way, the mesenchymal marker, Fibronectin, Snail, and Vimentin were significantly activated by exogenous XIST overexpression. Furthermore, we observed XIST was upregulated by the oxidative stress‐induced EMT. Bioinformatical analysis indicated that miR‐153 has multiple biding sites for XIST and miR‐153 was inversely suppressed by oxidative stress. XIST was verified to directly downregulate miR‐153 via sponging. We identified the mesenchymal marker, SNAI1 was a direct messenger RNA target of miR‐153. Importantly, inhibiting XIST successfully blocked the H2O2‐induced EMT of OS cells. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that lncRNA‐XIST promotes the oxidative stress‐induced OS cell invasion, migration, and EMT through the miR‐153/SNAI1 pathway, presenting lncRNA‐XIST as a promising therapeutic target for treating metastatic OS.
Effect of storage, initial grain moisture, and fumigation on rheological quality of wheat stored in hot steppe climate
Authors: Akhlaq Muhammad , Ali Shinawar Waseem 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesAs a seasonal crop, the government (Pakistan) and the milling industry purchase and store a reasonable quantity of wheat (T. aestivum) annually. After filling in jute/polypropylene bags, the major portion of this wheat is stacked in a room type warehouse under uncontrolled conditions. The aim of this study was to find the impact of the storage period, initial grain moisture, annual temperature variations, relative humidity, and fumigation on rheological changes in wheat stored in a hot steppe climate using the latest approach (mixolab).FindingsDuring this study, the gluten index (GI) (72.4%–97.1%) and falling number (FN) (455–593.1 s) values increased for most of the storage months and showed a strong negative temperature correlation. Significant variability was also noted during the storage period in mixolab behavior and a strong correlation was found with the storage temperature. The starch gelatinization (C3) (1.824–2.063 Nm) and C3‐C2 (1.320–1.583 Nm) increased, while retrogradation (C5) (2.833–2.506 Nm) and cooling setback (C5‐C4) (1.265–0.840 Nm) decreased over most of the month. Pasting properties (C4) showed a mixed pattern during storage (1.7965–1.536 Nm). The GI and FN were positively correlated with C3 and C3‐C2, and negatively correlated with C5‐C4. Fumigation showed significant effect on GI and FN of the grains, while the initial grain moisture (<11%) showed non‐significant impact on most of the rheological characteristics during storage.ConclusionsMost of the rheological characteristics of wheat (GI, FN, and mixolab) changed significantly during the storage period, while the fumigation and initial grain moisture did not show any significant impact.Significance and noveltyThe quality characteristics of stored wheat vary depending on the geographical region. For millers, it will be important to understand these variations to produce a consistent quality flour.