bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential regulatory approaches on the environmental impacts of photovoltaics: Expected improvements and impacts on technological innovation
Authors: Polverini Davide , Dodd Nicholas , Espinosa Nieves 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work assesses the opportunities for technological development and innovation that may be imposed or created by environmental policy. Working within the legislative framework of European Union (EU) sustainable product policies, a study of the feasibility of four specific policy instruments (Ecodesign Directive, Energy Labelling, Green Public Procurement and the EU Ecolabel) to photovoltaic products (modules, inverters and systems) led to the identification of key performance metrics and design features. Starting from an analysis of the environmental hotspots of photovoltaic products throughout the whole life cycle (from raw material extraction to their end of life and disposal), a number of areas of attention for innovation are identified and a policy approach is proposed to tackle these aspects in regulatory terms by means, in particular, of requirements within the legal framework of the Ecodesign Directive.
Integrated series/parallel connection for photovoltaic laser power converters with optimized current matching
Authors: Wagner Lukas , Reichmuth Sebastian Kasimir , Philipps Simon P. , Oliva Eduard , Bett Andreas W. , Helmers Henning 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a stepped architecture optimized for current matching in high‐voltage laser power converter photovoltaic (PV) cells. The integrated series/parallel connection in stepped PV cells combines the advantages of well‐known multijunction and multisegment approaches with respect to current matching, whereas their specific drawbacks are circumvented. The superior misalignment tolerance of stepped PV cells in comparison with multisegment cells is shown by simulations of the maximum acceptable misalignment (MAM) for a range of devices with various output voltages. We present the first realization of stepped PV cells with two stacked GaAs‐based pn‐junctions. Thereby, the unique properties of the lateral current flow in the bottom cell and the assessment of the optical absorption in the subcells are discussed. Moreover, the effects of segmentation and number of stacked junctions on the I‐V characteristics are investigated. Finally, the behavior towards misalignment of a laser spot is studied for stepped and multisegment PV cells. An optimal current matching for misalignment‐prone power‐by‐light systems is found with a six‐segment stepped PV cell.
Poloxamer 188 Protects Isolated Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes from Reoxygenation Injury
Authors: Salzman Michele M. , Bartos Jason A. , Yannopoulos Demetris , Riess Matthias L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReperfusion injury is a complex pathological event involving processes that can lead to further disruption of the cell membrane and function following an ischemic event. Return of blood flow allows for the needed reperfusion; however, for a period of time before remaining viable cells stabilize, reperfusion results in additional cellular injury. In cardiomyocytes, loss of membrane integrity allows abnormal influx of extracellular calcium, leading to hyper‐contracture and cell death. Methods to improve the membrane integrity of cardiomyocytes overwhelmed by pathological disruptions, such as reperfusion injury, are needed to prevent cell death, because of the myocardium's limited ability to regenerate. Research has shown administration of the copolymer P(oloxamer) 188 before ischemia/reperfusion can protect cardiomyocytes through membrane stabilization. This study sought to determine whether the administration of P188 at the beginning of the clinically more relevant time of reperfusion after ischemia will attenuate any additional damage to cardiomyocytes by stabilizing membrane integrity to allow the cells to maintain function. Using an in‐vitro cardiomyocyte model subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation to simulate ischemia/reperfusion injury, we show that reoxygenation significantly potentiates the injury caused by hypoxia itself. P188, with its unique combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic chemical properties, and only delivered at the beginning of reoxygenation, dose‐dependently protected cardiomyocytes from injury due to reoxygenation by repairing cell membranes, decreasing calcium influx, and maintaining cellular morphology. Our study also shows the hydrophobic portion of P188 is necessary for the stabilization of cell membrane integrity in providing protection to cardiomyocytes against reoxygenation injury.
NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase mediates the susceptibility of Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam
Authors: Yuan Chen‐Yang , Jing Tian‐Xing , Li Wei , Liu Xiao‐Qiang , Liu Tian‐Yuan , Liu Yi , Chen Meng‐Ling , Jiang Rui‐Xu , Yuan Guo‐Rui , Dou Wei , Wang Jin‐Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri has developed high levels of resistance to many insecticides, and understanding its resistance mechanism will aid in the chemical control of this species. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)‐cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is crucial in cytochrome P450 function, and in some insects CPR knockdown has increased their susceptibility to insecticides. However, the CPR from D. citri has not been characterized and its function is undescribed.RESULTSThe CPR gene of D. citri (DcCPR) was cloned and sequenced. The expression level of DcCPR, determined by reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analysis, was highest in the midgut and in nymphs. After feeding on double‐stranded RNA for 72 h, the DcCPR messenger RNA level in D. citri adults decreased by 68.4%, and the susceptibility of D. citri to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam significantly increased. Meanwhile, after DcCPR silencing, the specific activities of DcCPR protein and P450s were significantly reduced by 41.6% and 44.7%, respectively. The subsequent western blot analysis and quantification of band intensity also showed that DcCPR content significantly decreased, consistent with the results of the specific activity test. In a eukaryotic expression assay, the viability of cells expressing DcCPR was significantly higher than the viability of cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) when cells were exposed to imidacloprid or thiamethoxam.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that DcCPR contributes to D. citri susceptibility to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam.
Management of necrotizing pneumonia with bronchopleural fistula caused by multidrug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Widysanto Allen , Liem Maranatha , Puspita Karina Dian , Pradhana Cindy Meidy Leony 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a 53‐year‐old male that presented to our hospital with a history of a brain tumour. He was hospitalized 10 days prior in another hospital. Before surgery, he complained of mild cough. Routine chest radiography demonstrated right upper lobe consolidation which was diagnosed as hospital‐acquired pneumonia. Broad‐spectrum empirical antimicrobial was initiated. After surgery, his clinical condition deteriorated and he felt breathlessness. Chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) scan without contrast revealed necrotizing and cavitating pneumonia complicated by bronchopleural fistula (BPF) and hydropneumothorax. Sputum culture revealed infection of multidrug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB). Despite optimal antibiotic therapy, BPF and hydropneumothorax failed to resolve and surgical approach was performed to debride the necrotic area and seal the fistula. After a month in the hospital, he was discharged and the serial chest X‐ray showed good recovery of the lung.
Change in Piscivore Growth Potential after the Introduction of a Nonnative Prey Fish: a Bioenergetics Analysis
Authors: Bart Ryan J. , DeVries Dennis R. , Wright Russell A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe introduction of additional forage fish species to enhance sport fisheries is a common management strategy in lakes and reservoirs. However, illegal introductions occur without consideration of all potential ecological consequences. Introduction of Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis as a forage fish to enhance recreational fisheries has been controversial, with several illegal introductions documented in the southeastern United States. We quantified the caloric density of introduced Blueback Herring and native Threadfin Shad Dorosoma petenense in Lewis Smith Lake, Alabama, to determine their potential values as prey to piscivorous fish. Caloric density estimates were then incorporated into bioenergetics simulations for Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, Alabama Bass Micropterus henshalli, and Striped Bass Morone saxatilis to estimate their growth potential given different diet compositions. Piscivore diet composition from before the introduction of Blueback Herring was also incorporated into bioenergetics simulations for comparison with post‐introduction scenarios. Caloric density of Blueback Herring was higher than that of Threadfin Shad across all seasons, and consequently, bioenergetics simulations predicted increased growth potential for Largemouth Bass, Alabama Bass, and Striped Bass with increased proportions of Blueback Herring in their diets. The simulated growth effect of shifting consumption from Threadfin Shad to Blueback Herring was smaller for Largemouth Bass versus Striped Bass because Striped Bass were far more piscivorous than Largemouth Bass, with Alabama Bass intermediate. Simulated pre‐Blueback Herring piscivore diets resulted in less growth relative to what was observed for all post‐introduction simulations. Although Blueback Herring had higher caloric density values than Threadfin Shad, overall ecological impacts of their introduction are not yet fully understood and could likely also include negative impacts on these piscivores. As such, our findings represent one aspect of the overall, potentially complex effect of introduced Blueback Herring as an additional forage fish for piscivores.
Regionalization of hydrological modeling for predicting streamflow in ungauged catchments: A comprehensive review
Authors: Guo Yuhan , Zhang Yongqiang , Zhang Lu , Wang Zhonggen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRunoff prediction in ungauged and scarcely gauged catchments is a key research field in surface water hydrology. There have been numerous studies before and since the launch of the predictions in ungauged basins (PUB) initiative by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences in 2003. This study critically reviews and assesses the decadal progress in the regionalization of hydrological modeling, which is the major tool for PUB, from 2000 to 2019. This paper found that the journal publications have noticeably increased in terms of PUB in the past 7 years, and research countries have been expanded dramatically since 2013. The regionalization methods are grouped into three categories including similarity‐based, regression‐based, and hydrological signature‐based. There are more detailed researches focusing on the interdisciplinary and profound improvement of each regionalization method. Namely, tremendous efforts have been made and lots of improvements have been carried out in the parameterization domain for the post‐PUB period. However, there is still plenty of room to improve the prediction capability in data‐sparse regions (e.g., further verification and proof of multi‐modeling adaptation and uncertainties description). This paper also discusses possible research directions in the future, including PUB in a changing environment and better utilization of multi‐source remote‐sensing information.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Science of Water
Effect of initial pH and substrate concentration on the lactic acid production from cassava wastewater fermentation by an enriched culture of acidogenic microorganisms
Authors: da Silva Douglas B. , Fernandes Bruna S. , da Silva Ariovaldo J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecently, cassava processing wastewater has been considered an alternative substrate for lactic acid production due to its appreciable carbohydrate levels. The authors carried out different batch reactor trials aiming to favor the production of lactic acid through the fermentation of non‐sterilized cassava wastewater by an enriched culture of acidogenic microorganisms. To this end, the impact of different initial pHs (4.5, 5.0, 5.7, 6.5, and 7.0) and different initial substrate concentrations (10, 15.8, 30, 44.2, and 50 g/L) in terms of glucose on lactic acid production yield (Y) was evaluated by applying the design of experiment (DoE) known as central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The highest rate of lactic acid production (40 g/L) occurred with an initial pH of 6.5 and an initial substrate concentration of 50 g/L. The maximum yield was higher in trials T1, T2, T4, T5, and T8, reaching values of 0.80, 0.62, 0.60, 0.96, and 0.70 g/g, respectively. The maximum lactic acid productivity (P), of 0.60 and 0.73 g L−1 hr−1, was observed in trials T5 and T8, respectively. The enriched culture of acidogenic microorganisms was shown to favor the production of lactic acid, since the production of other acids, such as acetic and propionic acid, did not exceed 3.5 and 4.5 g/L, respectively. © 2020 Water Environment FederationPractitioner points

Cassava wastewater presented potential to lactic acid production.
The CCRD showed that highest lactic acid concentrations (40 g/L).
The adoption of cassava wastewater or manipueira as a substrate resulted in important information on the tendency to obtain value‐added products such as lactic acid.
Intron retention and its impact on gene expression and protein diversity: A review and a practical guide
Authors: Grabski David F. , Broseus Lucile , Kumari Bandana , Rekosh David , Hammarskjold Marie‐Louise , Ritchie William 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntron retention (IR) occurs when a complete and unspliced intron remains in mature mRNA. An increasing body of literature has demonstrated a major role for IR in numerous biological functions, including several that impact human health and disease. Although experimental technologies used to study other forms of mRNA splicing can also be used to investigate IR, a specialized downstream computational analysis is optimal for IR discovery and analysis. Here we provide a review of IR and its biological implications, as well as a practical guide for how to detect and analyze it. Several methods, including long read third generation direct RNA sequencing, are described. We have developed an R package, FakIR, to facilitate the execution of the bioinformatic tasks recommended in this review and a tutorial on how to fit them to users aims. Additionally, we provide guidelines and experimental protocols to validate IR discovery and to evaluate the potential impact of IR on gene expression and protein output.This article is categorized under:
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in vitro and In Silico
Quasi-static and fatigue performance of bonded acetylated rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis, Müll. Arg.)
Authors: Olaniran Samuel Oluyinka , Clerc Gaspard , Cabane Etienne , Brunner Andreas J. , Rüggeberg Markus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRubberwood is widely planted for latex production. At the cessation of latex yield it becomes a viable timber source in the wood industry. While good bonding performance of rubberwood has been reported, quantitative information to support this statement is missing. In this study, the tensile shear strength (TSS) and wood failure percentage (WFP) of unmodified and acetylated rubberwood in both wet and dry conditions were examined. Three frequently used adhesives were selected: one-component polyurethane (1C PUR), melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF), and phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF). Furthermore, fatigue behaviour was analysed for PRF-bonded samples by cyclic loading. Results showed that in dry state, the TSS and WFP of acetylated rubberwood is comparable to the unmodified samples for all adhesives. In wet condition, the performance of bonded rubberwood was improved by acetylation. Cyclic loading revealed comparable fatigue behaviour of bonded unmodified and acetylated rubberwood. This investigation provides first quantitative information on the performance of bonded rubberwood, which can be a valuable input for the production of laminated timber products for structural purposes.
Trehalose as an osmolyte in Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis
Authors: de Graaff Danny R. , van Loosdrecht Mark C. M. , Pronk Mario 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis is an important microorganism for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). In a previous study, we found a remarkable flexibility regarding salinity, since this same microorganism could thrive in both freshwater- and seawater-based environments, but the mechanism for the tolerance to saline conditions remained unknown. Here, we identified and described the role of trehalose as an osmolyte in Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis. A freshwater-adapted culture was exposed to a single batch cycle of hyperosmotic and hypo-osmotic shock, which led to the release of trehalose up to 5.34 mg trehalose/g volatile suspended solids (VSS). Long-term adaptation to 30% seawater-based medium in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) gave a stable operation with complete anaerobic uptake of acetate and propionate along with phosphate release of 0.73 Pmol/Cmol, and complete aerobic uptake of phosphate. Microbial analysis showed Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis clade I as the dominant organism in both the freshwater- and seawater-adapted cultures (> 90% presence). Exposure of the seawater-adapted culture to a single batch cycle of hyperosmotic incubation and hypo-osmotic shock led to an increase in trehalose release upon hypo-osmotic shock when higher salinity is used for the hyperosmotic incubation. Maximum trehalose release upon hypo-osmotic shock was achieved after hyperosmotic incubation with 3× salinity increase relative to the salinity in the SBR adaptation reactor, resulting in the release of 11.9 mg trehalose/g VSS. Genome analysis shows the possibility of Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis to convert glycogen into trehalose by the presence of treX, treY, and treZ genes. Addition of trehalose to the reactor led to its consumption, both during anaerobic and aerobic phases. These results indicate the flexibility of the metabolism of Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis towards variations in salinity.

Key points
• Trehalose is identified as an osmolyte in Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis.
• Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis can convert glycogen into trehalose.
• Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis clade I is present and active in both seawater and freshwater.
Google search data as a novel adjunct to patient and public involvement in rheumatology research
Authors: Dey Mrinalini , Zhao Sizheng Steven 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPatient and public involvement is essential in the design and implementation of research studies to ensure research remains relevant and in line with public priorities. Public views on a given area of research may be sought via platforms such as focus groups or surveys. Here, we present the use of an openly available Google search data query tool, which may be used alongside traditional forms of patient and public involvement in research to highlight public perceptions and priorities. We used an online search query tool (“AnswerThePublic.com”) to explore public Google searches relating to “arthritis,” and an exemplar rheumatic disease, “rheumatoid arthritis.” The most common searches relating to these diseases included quality of life, treatment, prognosis, as well as impacts on life, including work. However, they also reveal concerns that may be more difficult to elicit in face-to-face focus groups, such as questions on alcohol consumption in arthritis, and impacts on mental health. Using public search engine data in research, alongside the important traditional methods of patient and public involvement, is a cost-effective and time-efficient method of gauging public views and concerns on a given topic. It may facilitate broad scoping searches of public priorities and help to guide future research questions.
Platelet-rich plasma as a potential prophylactic measure against frozen shoulder in an in vivo shoulder contracture model
Authors: Feusi Oscar , Karol Agnieszka , Fleischmann Thea , von Rechenberg Brigitte , Bouaicha Samy , Werner Clément M. L. , Jentzsch Thorsten 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) is a common painful and functionally-limiting disease affecting around 2% of the population. So far, therapeutic options are limited and often unsatisfactory. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used as a treatment option in other orthopedic diseases since it contains growth factors that stimulate tissue repair. So far, the effect of PRP on frozen shoulder lacks evidence. We hypothesized that PRP may be valuable in the prophylaxis and treatment of secondary frozen shoulder due to capsular remodeling.

Materials and methods
An experimental study of an in vivo frozen shoulder model was conducted. Twenty Sprague–Dawley rats underwent surgery in which the body of the scapula was connected to the humerus with a high-strength suture. Two groups of 8 weeks survival time were allocated; a treatment group with one intraoperative injection of PRP into the glenohumeral joint (n = 10) and a control group without PRP (n = 10). The primary outcome was the structural change in the posterior synovial membrane of the posterior and inferior part of the glenohumeral joint using a semi-quantitative grading from 0 (lowest) to 3 (highest).

Results
The posterior synovial membrane structural changes were significantly lower in the PRP group (median = 1 [interquartile range (IQR) = 0–1]) compared to controls (median = 2 [IQR = 1–3]) (p = 0.028). There were no differences for the remaining synovial membrane changes and fibrous capsule responses between groups.

Conclusions
In this in vivo shoulder contracture model, PRP injections seem to reduce the histological severity grade of some parts (i.e., posterior synovial membrane changes) of the secondary frozen shoulder without causing any side effects. It may be considered to investigate this effect further in future studies as a potential prophylaxis of secondary frozen shoulder (e.g., in operated or immobilized shoulders) or as a treatment option for patients with frozen shoulder in the early stage.