bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Predictions of pH in the Glacial Aquifer System, Northern USA
Authors: Stackelberg Paul E. , Belitz Kenneth , Brown Craig J. , Erickson Melinda L. , Elliott Sarah M. , Kauffman Leon J. , Ransom Katherine M. , Reddy James E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA boosted regression tree model was developed to predict pH conditions in three dimensions throughout the glacial aquifer system of the contiguous United States using pH measurements in samples from 18,386 wells and predictor variables that represent aspects of the hydrogeologic setting. Model results indicate that the carbonate content of soils and aquifer materials strongly controls pH and, when coupled with long flowpaths, results in the most alkaline conditions. Conversely, in areas where glacial sediments are thin and carbonate‐poor, pH conditions remain acidic. At depths typical of drinking‐water supplies, predicted pH >7.5—which is associated with arsenic mobilization—occurs more frequently than predicted pH <6—which is associated with water corrosivity and the mobilization of other trace elements. A novel aspect of this model was the inclusion of numerically based estimates of groundwater flow characteristics (age and flowpath length) as predictor variables. The sensitivity of pH predictions to these variables was consistent with hydrologic understanding of groundwater flow systems and the geochemical evolution of groundwater quality. The model was not developed to provide precise estimates of pH at any given location. Rather, it can be used to more generally identify areas where contaminants may be mobilized into groundwater and where corrosivity issues may be of concern to prioritize areas for future groundwater monitoring.
Brief descriptions of the principles of prominent methods used to study the penetration of materials into human hair and a review of examples of their use
Authors: Lourenço Carolina Botelho , Fava Ana Laura Masquetti , dos Santos Érica Mendes , de Macedo Lucas Malvezzi , Tundisi Louise Lacalendola , Ataide Janaína Artem , Mazzola Priscila Gava 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConsumers are attracted to the latest fashion trends and different looks. This drives the search for novel hair treatments. Some chemicals present in hair treatment products can penetrate the hair shaft. These materials can either nourish or injure the hair cortex. Different techniques have been used to investigate the mechanism of molecule penetration and the conditions under which penetration occurs. This article reviews the techniques applied for this purpose. Various microscopy techniques are used to capture clear and colourful images to determine the diffusion pathways and the exact location of the molecules under study. However, the laborious sample preparation often leads to sample destruction since cross‐sectioning is often required. While various other techniques have been successfully used for investigating the penetration methods, most of these require different amounts of work to be put in for sample preparation and instrumentation. Several spectroscopic techniques have been used to study the penetration of the molecules because of the high levels of accuracy and the quick response time of these techniques. Moreover, the samples are not damaged during the investigation.
Downregulation of Lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 (LEF‐1) expression (by immunohistochemistry and/ flow cytometry) in chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia with atypical immunophenotypic and cytologic features
Authors: Soliman Dina S. , Al‐Kuwari Einas , Siveen Kodappully S , Al‐Abdulla Rajaa , Chandra Prem , Yassin Mohamed , Nashwan Abdulqader , Hilmi Feryal A , Taha Ruba Y , Nawaz Zafar , El‐Omri Halima , Mateo Jericha M , Al‐Sabbagh Ahmad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionLymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 (LEF‐1) overexpression has been recently remarkably reported in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and has shown utility in distinguishing CLL/SLL from other B‐cell lymphomas. CLL has a well‐defined immunophenotype, yet, some cases of CLL demonstrate atypical morphology/ phenotype reflected by low Matutes score (atypical CLL). Till date, LEF1 expression has not been systematically studied in cases of CLL with atypical features.MethodsIn this study, LEF‐1 expression was assessed by two different techniques, (immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry), to investigate the expression profile of LEF‐1 in cases of CLL/SLL, in comparison with other low‐grade B‐lymphomas and CLL with atypical features, including atypical immunophenotype and CLL with increased prolymphocytes or morphologically atypical cells.ResultsWe found that LEF‐1 expression is downregulated in CLL with atypical immunophenotype/features compared to classic CLL; Chi‐Square P < .0001. The ratio for LEF‐1 expression in malignant B‐cells/NK (by flow cytometry) in CLL/SLL with classic immunophenotype was higher than atypical CLL and is significantly higher in other small B‐cell lymphomas (P < .01). Absence of LEF‐1 expression in CLL/SLL is correlated (P < .05) with downregulation of CD5, CD23, CD200, expression of FMC7, brighter expression of CD79b, brighter expression of surface light chain, increased prolymphocytes and lower Matutes score.ConclusionAs downregulation of LEF‐1 expression is well correlated with atypical CLL, we suggest adding LEF‐1 to Matutes score as a beneficial marker to differentiate classic from atypical CLL LEF‐1 could also serve as a potential prognostic indicator for CLL clinical course.
The NLRP6 inflammasome
Authors: Zheng Danping , Kern Lara , Elinav Eran 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6), a member of the NOD‐like receptor (NLR) family, acts as a cytosolic innate immune sensor that recognizes microbe‐associated molecular patterns. In some circumstances upon activation, NLRP6 recruits the adaptor apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein (ASC) and the inflammatory caspase‐1 or caspase‐11 to form an inflammasome, which mediates the maturation and secretion of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐18 and IL‐1β. In other contexts, NLRP6 can exert its function in an inflammasome‐independent manner. Tight regulation of the NLRP6 inflammasome is critical in maintaining tissue homeostasis, while improper inflammasome activation may contribute to the development of multiple diseases. In intestinal epithelial cells, the NLRP6 inflammasome is suggested to play a role in regulating gut microbiome composition, goblet cell function and related susceptibility to gastrointestinal inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic diseases. Additionally, NLRP6 may regulate extra‐intestinal diseases. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the NLRP6 inflammasome and its activation and regulation patterns, as well as its effector functions contributing to disease modulation. We discuss current challenges in NLRP6 research and future prospects in harnessing its function into potential human interventions.
Distance Artist: Building the Skills of Future Creatives. Developing Evidence‐Based Criteria for Global Virtual Team Tutoring and Management in Art and Design Education
Authors: Adiloğlu Fatoş , Fragiacomo Fabio , Petricone Fabiano 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article reflects on six years of research activities in the field of long‐distance collaboration and more specifically on how creative virtual teams operate and respond to challenges set by emerging and developing technologies. Furthermore, it considers how to build, manage and shape a more inclusive virtual team, documenting the methodologies applied in each activity, the experiences of both tutors and students and the educational context in which the international study took place. The project set out with a methodology for observing, managing and developing the interaction dynamics between each creative team member involved in the design of activities and practice of delocalized teams. The project is positioned within the field of educational technology and identifies a set of operative recommendations aimed at educators so that remote creative collaborative work can result most effective. The article explores the potential of virtual teams supporting communication and design.
Local delivery of simvastatin maintains tooth anchorage during mechanical tooth moving via anti‐inflammation property and AMPK/MAPK/NF‐kB inhibition
Authors: Xu Lianyi , Sun Xiaojuan , Zhu Guangxun , Mao Jing , Baban Babak , Qin Xu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSimvastatin (SMV) could increase tooth anchorage during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, previous studies on its bone‐specific anabolic and anti‐inflammation properties were based on static in vitro and in vivo conditions. AMPK is a stress‐activated kinase that protects tissue against serious damage from overloading inflammation. Rat periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) were subjected to a serial of SMV concentrations to investigate the optimization that promoted osteogenic differentiation. The PDLCs in static and/or tensile culturing conditions then received the proper concentration SMV. Related factors expression was measured by the protein array, real‐time PCR and Western blot. The 0.05UM SMV triggered osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs. The inhibition of AMPK activation through a pharmacological approach (Compound C) caused dramatic decrease in osteogenic/angiogenic gene expression and significant increase in inflammatory NF‐κB phosphorylation. In contrast, pharmacological activation of AMPK by AICAR significantly inhibited inflammatory factors expression and activated ERK1/2, P38 MAPK phosphorylation. Moreover, AMPK activation induced by SMV delivery significantly attenuated the osteoclastogenesis and decreased the expression of pro‐inflammatory TNF‐α and NF‐κB in a rodent model of OTM. The current studies suggested that SMV could intrigue intrinsic activation of AMPK in PDLCs that promote attenuate the inflammation which occurred under tensile irritation through AMPK/MAPK/NF‐kB Inhibition.
The PKM2 activator TEPP‐46 suppresses kidney fibrosis via inhibition of the EMT program and aberrant glycolysis associated with suppression of HIF‐1α accumulation
Authors: Liu Haijie , Takagaki Yuta , Kumagai Asako , Kanasaki Keizo , Koya Daisuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTubulointerstitial fibrosis is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy and is associated with an epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and aberrant glycolysis. Dimeric pyruvate kinase (PK) M2 (PKM2) acts as a key protein kinase in aberrant glycolysis by promoting the accumulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α, while tetrameric PKM2 functions as a pyruvate kinase in oxidative phosphorylation. The aim of the research is to study the effect of PKM2 tetramer activation on preventing kidney fibrosis via suppression of aberrant glycolysis and the EMT program.Materials and methodsIn vivo: Streptozotocin (STZ) was utilized to induce diabetes in 8‐week‐old CD‐1 mice; 4 weeks after diabetes induction, proteinuria‐induced kidney fibrosis was developed by intraperitoneal injection of bovine serum albumin (BSA: 0.3 g/30 g BW) for 14 days; The PKM2 activator TEPP‐46 was also administered orally simultaneously. In vitro: HK2 cells were co‐treated with high‐glucose media or/and TGF‐β1 and TEPP46 for 48 h, cellular protein was extracted for evaluation.ResultsDiabetic mice developed kidney fibrosis associated with aberrant glycolysis and EMT; BSA injection accelerated kidney fibrosis in both the control and diabetic mice; TEPP‐46 rescued the kidney fibrosis. In HK2 cells, TEPP‐46 suppressed the EMT program induced by TGF‐β1 and/or high‐glucose incubation. TEPP‐46‐induced PKM2 tetramer formation and PK activity resulted in suppression of HIF‐1α and lactate accumulation. Specific siRNA‐mediated knockdown of HIF‐1α expression diminished high glucose‐induced mesenchymal protein levels.ConclusionPKM2 activation could restore the tubular phenotype via suppression of the EMT program and aberrant glycolysis, providing an alternative target to mitigate fibrosis in diabetic kidneys.
Immersion challenge of naïve Atlantic salmon with cultured Nolandella sp. and Pseudoparamoeba sp. did not increase the severity of Neoparamoeba perurans‐induced amoebic gill disease (AGD)
Authors: English Chloe J. , Botwright Natasha A. , Adams Mark B. , Barnes Andrew C. , Wynne James W. , Lima Paula C. , Cook Mathew T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAmoebic gill disease (AGD) is one of the main health issues impacting farmed Atlantic salmon. Neoparamoeba perurans causes AGD; however, a diversity of other amoeba species colonizes the gills and there is little understanding of whether they are commensal or potentially involved in different stages of gill disease development. Here, we conduct in vivo challenges of naïve Atlantic salmon with cultured Nolandella sp. and Pseudoparamoeba sp. to investigate their pathogenicity to Atlantic salmon gills. Additionally, we assessed whether the presence of Nolandella sp. and Pseudoparamoeba sp. influences the onset and/or severity of N. perurans‐induced AGD. All three strains attached and multiplied on the gills according to qPCR analysis. Furthermore, minor gross gill lesions and histological changes were observed post‐exposure. While N. perurans was found associated with classical AGD lesions, Nolandella sp. and Pseudoparamoeba sp. were not found associated with lesion sites and these lesions did not meet the expected composite of histopathological changes for AGD. Moreover, the presence of these non‐N. perurans species did not significantly increase the severity of AGD. This trial provides evidence that cultured Nolandella sp. and Pseudoparamoeba sp. do not induce AGD and do not influence the severity of AGD during the early stages of development.
The importance of family‐focused and strengths‐based approaches to interventions for grandfamilies
Authors: Fruhauf Christine A. , Yancura Loriena A. , Greenwood‐Junkermeier Heather , Riggs Nathaniel R. , Fox Aimee L. , Mendoza A. Nancy , Ooki Nancy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCritical to maintaining and improving physical and mental health is self‐care, yet interventions for grandfamilies (i.e., skipped‐generation households) minimally address such practices. Grounded by family resilience theory and strengths‐based approaches, this article introduces our rationale for an intervention addressing grandparents' and grandchildren's self‐care practices. The GRANDcares intervention is a tripartite intervention for grandparents, grandchildren, and service providers who work with grandfamilies. Following the National Institutes of Health's stage model for behavioral interventions, we briefly outline the literature on promoting self‐care and resilience in grandfamilies and meeting service providers' needs when working with grandfamilies. Next, we apply these theories to the development of the GRANDcares intervention. We close with a discussion of the GRANDcares programming and a synopsis of our efforts thus far, including recommendations for future research on strengths‐based interventions for grandfamilies.
The state of theory in elder family financial exploitation: A systematic review
Authors: Chan Athena C. Y. , Stum Marlene S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCalls to address theoretical gaps in elder abuse as a field have been made over time. In this systematic review, the state of theory in elder family financial exploitation (EFFE), one of the most prevalent types of elder abuse, is examined. A synthesis of the scope and use of theories and constructs in 15 identified peer‐reviewed EFFE empirical articles published between 1990 and 2019 confirms a field in its infancy. Findings identified theoretical gaps in almost half of the studies utilizing a grand or middle‐range theory (8 of 15)—four focused on culture as a single concept, and three did not mention theory or constructs. Five interdisciplinary theoretical lenses have been used to examine EFFE, offering little depth and breadth in any one theory. To move EFFE forward theoretically, we discuss building on identified theories, integrating culture as a concept, and adding a focus on family systems using relevant family‐focused theories.
A new method to estimate the lifetime of long‐life product categories
Authors: Dunant Cyrille F. , Shah Trishla , Drewniok Michał P. , Craglia Matteo , Cullen Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIncreased recycling and reuse rates are a central part of the objectives laid out by the COP21. Nonetheless, the practical implementation of what has been called the circular economy, as well as its true potential, are not easily established. This is because the impact and implementation time scales of any intervention depend on knowing the lifetime of products, which is frequently unknown. This is particularly true in construction, responsible for 39% of worldwide emissions, 11% of which are embodied. Most material flow analysis (MFA) models will simply assume a range of plausible life expectancies when bottom‐up data are lacking. In this work, we propose a novel method of identification using the high quality but highly aggregated trade data available and use it to establish a “mortality curve” for buildings and other long‐lasting products. This identification method is intended to provide more reliable inputs to existing MFA models. It is widely applicable because of the general availability of the underlying data. Using it on United Kingdom trade data, we identify product classes at 1 year for packaging/home scrap, 1 to around 10 years for vehicles/equipment, and around 50 years for construction. The identification approach was then validated by using classical approaches using bottom‐up data for vehicles.
Neuroprotection offered by mesenchymal stem cells in perinatal brain injury: Role of mitochondria, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species
Authors: Nair Syam , Rocha‐Ferreira Eridan , Fleiss Bobbi , Nijboer Cora H , Gressens Pierre , Mallard Carina , Hagberg Henrik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPreclinical studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells have a positive effect in perinatal brain injury models. The mechanisms that cause these neurotherapeutic effects are not entirely intelligible. Mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species are considered to be critically involved in the development of injury. Mesenchymal stem cells have immunomodulatory action and exert mitoprotective effects which attenuate production of reactive oxygen species and promote restoration of tissue function and metabolism after perinatal insults. This review summarizes the present state, the underlying causes, challenges and possibilities for effective clinical translation of mesenchymal stem cell therapy.
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Air‐to‐Air Meeting Technique in Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Case Report
Authors: Du Chao , Wang Zhijia , Gao Yufei , Li Kai , Wang Zhengming , Tian Yu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn a minority of cases, foramen ovales (FOs) are difficult to access due to single confounding anatomical variations. However, there is no method reported where the FO has been successfully targeted via a single puncture in the presence of two or more anatomical variations.ObjectivesTo observe the effect of a new stereotactic bidirectional approach guiding technique utilized in a patient who harbored a particularly difficult‐to‐access FO due to multiple anatomical variations.MethodsDuring operation of a unique facial entry point’s trigeminal neuralgia patient, make one plane which identified by a three‐dimensional (3D) coordinates of the FO target and arc angle value on stereotactic frame, make this plane intersected with another plane which determined by the 3D CT‐reconstruction’s facial entry point data on a ruler, so as to elucidate the appropriate trajectory. The authors coined the approach “Air‐to‐air meeting” method.ResultsWe completed the radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) with a single puncture to successfully target the FO according to the preoperative plan confirmed by C‐arm radiography. Postoperative pain scores using a visual analog scale decreased from 10 to 3 by the first day after the procedure. There were no permanent complications or morbidity from the surgery.ConclusionsTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report describing a unique facial entry point determined by this technique for the treatment of a patient with trigeminal neuralgia.
Comprehensive analysis of the isomiRome in the vegetative organs of the conifer Pinus pinaster under contrasting water availability
Authors: Perdiguero Pedro , Rodrigues Andreia Santos , Chaves Inês , Costa Bruno , Alves Ana , de María Nuria , Vélez María Dolores , Díaz‐Sala Carmen , Cervera María Teresa , Miguel Célia Maria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn increasing number of microRNAs (miRNAs) and miRNA‐related sequences produced during miRNA biogenesis, comprising the isomiRome, have been recently highlighted in different species as critical mediators of environmental stress responses. Conifers have some of the largest known genomes but an extensive characterization of the isomiRome from any conifer species has been lacking. We provide here a comprehensive overview of the Pinus pinaster isomiRome expressed in roots, stem and needles under well‐watered and drought conditions. From the 13,441 unique small RNA sequences identified, 2,980 were annotated as canonical miRNAs or miRNA* and the remaining were classified as isomiRNA or miRNA‐like sequences. A survey of their expression patterns highlighted roots as the most responsive organ under drought, where specific sequences of which a 24‐nt novel miRNA stood out, were strongly down‐regulated. Given the putative roles of the miRNA‐targeted transcripts validated specifically in root tissues, some of the miRNAs, conserved and novel, are shortlisted as potential regulators of drought response. These results provide a valuable resource for comparative studies between gymnosperms and angiosperms. Furthermore, it evidences high transferability of the isomiRome between pine species being a useful basis for further molecular regulation and physiological studies, and especially those focused on adaptation to drought conditions.
Management and outcome of hepatic artery thrombosis after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Channaoui Aniss , Tambucci Roberto , Pire Aurore , de Magnée Catherine , Sokal Etienne , Smets Françoise , Stephenne Xavier , Scheers Isabelle , Reding Raymond 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPediatric LT are at particular risk of HAT, and its management still constitutes a matter of debate. Our purpose was to study predisposing factors and outcome of HAT post‐LT, including the impact of surgical revisions on survival and biliary complications.MethodsAmong 882 primary pediatric LT performed between 1993 and 2015, 36 HAT were encountered (4.1%, 35 fully documented). Each HAT case was retrospectively paired with a LT recipient without HAT, according to diagnosis, age at LT, type of graft, and era.ResultsFive‐year patient survivals were 77.0% versus 83.9% in HAT and non‐HAT paired groups, respectively (P = .321). Corresponding graft survivals were 20.0% versus 80.5% (P < .001), and retransplantation rates 77.7% versus 10.7%, respectively (P < .001). One‐year biliary complication‐free survivals were 16.6% versus 83.8% in the HAT and non‐HAT groups, respectively (P < .001). Regarding chronology of surgical re‐exploration, only HAT cases that occurred within 14 days post‐LT were re‐operated, fourteen of them being explored within 7 days post‐LT (revascularization rate: 6/14), versus two beyond 7 days (no revascularization). When revascularization was achieved, graft and biliary complication‐free survival rates at 1 year were 33.3% and 22.2%, respectively, both rates being 0.0% in case of failure.ConclusionsThe pejorative prognosis associated with HAT in terms of graft survival is confirmed, whereas patient survival could be preserved through retransplantation. Results suggest that HAT should be re‐operated if occurring within 7 days post‐LT, but not beyond.