bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross sectional study on musculoskeletal discomfort and its determinants among agricultural workers in a rural community of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ramanathan Parthasarathi , Prabhakar Ram , Ananthan Velmurugan Anbu 
Published: November 2020

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are the major contributors of disability worldwide. So, the aim of the present study was to estimate the magnitude and the determinants of musculoskeletal discomfort among agricultural workers in a rural area of Tamil Nadu. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among 110 subjects aged 15 years and above residing in Veerapandi village, Theni, Tamil Nadu from July to December 2018. A structured questionnaire incorporating nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to collect data. The prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) and its determinants were the main outcome variables. It was analysed with Epi info statistical software. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were done keeping p vale<0.05 as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the study population was 39.37±12.75 years. Majority (38.2%) were between 25 to 34 years. 54.5% were feamles. The prevalence of MSD was 63.6% (95% C.I. of 53.9% to 72.6%). Lower back (48.5%) was the most common site of MSD followed by knees (45.75%) and neck (35.7%). In bivariate and multivariate analysis, age, female gender and obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) were the statistically significant determinants of MSD in the study population. Conclusions: The prevalence of MSD was very high in the study population. There is a pressing need for introduction of lifestyle modifications in high‐risk groups and initiate rehabilitative measures for those affected.
Investigation of Relationship between Occupational Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Nurses
Authors: SABERINIA Amin , ABDOLSHAHI Anna , KHALEGHI Saeed , MORADI Yaser , JAFARIZADEH Hossein , SADEGHI MOGHADDAM Ali , AMINIZADEH Mohsen , RAEI Mehdi , KHAMMAR Alireza , POURSADEQIAN Mohsen 
Published: November 2020

Background: One of the major causes of various work-related health problems among nurses is occupational stress. Hence, the main purpose of the present research was to find association between occupational stress of nurses and risk factors of cardiovascular disease.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the Osipow job stress questionnaire was employed to assess the occupational stress among the 250 nurses in Emam Khomeini hospital of Tehran in 2018. Based on stress score for participants, subjects divided into two groups: Scoring of group one was 60-179 (mild and average stress) and group two between 180 and 300 (average to acute and acute stress). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded for subjects after 10hrs fasting. Then the blood samples were collected to measure cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose levels. For determining the association between education level, job experience and study groups, the Chi-square test and for comparing job stress between two groups of study the Mann–Whitney U test was used.
Results: Subjects with job stress in group one was 70(28%) and group two was 180(72%). The association between level of education and two study groups was not significant (P=0.129) while between job experience and two study groups was significant (P=0.004). Mean of Blood glucose levels for group I (98.0± 37.5), was higher than group II (82.5±12.0) and statistically significant (P=0.001). No significant difference was found between two groups of study for other parameters.
Conclusion: High level of work-related stress among subjects affected the values related to blood glucose level, but no significant relationship was found between other risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and occupational stress among nurses.
Апротинин — эффективный мультитаргетный препарат для комбинированной терапии новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 средней степени тяжести
Authors: Иващенко Андрей , Азарова Валерия , Егорова Алина , Карапетян Рубен , Кравченко Дмитрий , Кривонос Наталья , Логинов Владимир , Поярков Станислав , Меркулова Елена , Росинкова Ольга , Савчук Николай , Топр Михаил , Симакина Елена , Якубова Елена , Иващенко Александр 
Published: November 2020

Основные сведения: Новая коронавирусная инфекция COVID-19 — это инфекционное мультисистемное воспалительное заболевание, вызванное тяжелым острым респираторным синдромом вследствие инфицирования коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2, которое не имеет специфического лечения. Нами была изучена эффективность комбинаций препаратов Апротинин (неспецифический ингибитор сериновых протеаз) и Авифавир или Гидроксихлорохин (HCQ) в лечении новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19.
Методы: Три проспективных одноцентровых (когорты 1–3) исследования включали участников с пневмонией средней степени тяжести, связанной с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19, у которых наличие SARS-CoV-2 подтверждено результатами лабораторных исследований и которые были госпитализированы. Пациенты получали комбинации препаратов Апротинин внутривенно (в/в) (1000000 КИЕ ежедневно, в течение 3 дней) и Гидроксихлорохин (HCQ) (когорта 1), ингаляцию препаратом Апротинин (625 КИЕ 4 раза в сутки, в течение 5 дней) и HCQ (когорта 2) или терапию препаратами Апротинин в/в (1000000 КИЕ ежедневно, в течение 5 дней) и Авифавир (когорта 3).
Результаты: В когортах 1–3 комбинированная терапия показала 100%-ю эффективность в предотвращении перевода пациентов (n = 30) в отделение интенсивной терапии (ОИТ). Эффект комбинированной терапии в когорте 3 был наиболее выраженным, и медиана времени до выведения SARS-CoV-2 составила 3,5 дня (МКР 3,0–4,0), нормализации уровня СРБ составила 3,5 дня (МКР 3–5), концентрации D-димера — 5 дней (МКР 4–5); температуры тела — 1 день (МКР 1–3), улучшения клинического статуса или выписки из больницы — 5 дней (МКР 5–5), уменьшение поражения легких у пациентов на 14й день — 100 %.
Интерпретация: Применение комбинаций с препаратом Апротинин сопровождалось сокращением количества пациентов с COVID-19 средней степени тяжести в отделениях интенсивной терапии для искусственной вентиляции легких (ИВЛ) или неинвазивной вентиляции легких (НИВЛ) и сокращением их пребывания в больнице.
Strategi Bertahan Hidup Ekonomi Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Aspek Pendapatan, Konsumsi, dan Tabungan Studi Kasus di DesaTonjung Kecamatan Burneh Kabupaten Bangkalan Arita Suryandari, Eni Sri Rahayuningsih
Authors: Suryandari Arita , Rahayuningsih Eni Sri 
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tiga aspek strategi bertahan hidup ekonomi rumah tangga petani padi, yaitu: pendapatan, konsumsi, dan tabungan. Analisis menggunakan teori dan hasil penelitian tentang strategi bertahan hidup, pendapatan, konsumsi, dan tabungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan petani padi rendah atau tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangganya. Dalam rangka bertahan hidup, petani mempunyai strategi yang meliputi tiga aspek, yaitu: (1) aspek pendapatan dengan cara efisiensi biaya produksi usaha tani, mencari sumber pendapatan lain, dan mencari pinjaman dari jaringan sosial yang dimiliki; (2) aspek konsumsi dengan cara efisiensi biaya hidup, menggunakan sebagian hasil panen padi untuk di konsumsi sendiri, memanfaatkan lahan kebun di sekitar rumah untuk menanam sayur atau beternak unggas, mengatur kombinasi konsumsi pangan dan non pangan, memanfaatkan jaringan sosial untuk saling membantu keperluan konsumsi; dan (3) aspek tabungan dengan cara memelihara hewan ternak, membeli perhiasan, dan menabung di bank. Tabungan dipengaruhi oleh pendapatan, bukan oleh bunga. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah rendahnya pendapatan usaha tani padi dan adanya kemampuan petani untuk melakukan strategi bertahan hidup dari aspek pedapatan, konsumsi, dan tabungan. Sehingga direkomendasikan kepada pemerintah untuk memfasilitasi upaya petani dalam meningkatkan pendapatan usaha tani melalui input, proses produksi, output dan pemasaran.
Workshop Pembelajaran E-Learning di Era Society 5.0
Authors: Ma’rifatullah Sayid , Siswanto M. Bambang Edi , Fitriyah Lina Arifah , Diastuti Indah Mei , Rodliyah Iesyah 
Published: November 2020

E-learning merupakan salah satu cara untuk membantu mewujudkan mutu pendidikan belajar yang baik. Metode penyampaian informasi melalui jasa internet ini dirasa sangat mudah dan lebih efisien dan tidak memakan waktu yang lama. Karena informasi yang baik adalah informasi yang akurat, mudah diakses atau cepat dan terbaru (up to date). Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dilakukan dalam empat tahap, yaitu (1) Perencanaan, (2) Persiapan, (3) Pelaksanaan, dan (4) Evaluasi. Pada tahap pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan melakukan workshop tentang pembelajaran e-learning kepada para Bapak/Ibu Dosen di lingkungan Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Hasyim Asy’ari serta pendampingan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengabdian pada masyarakat adalah yang pertama rata-rata pemahaman dan pengetahuan mengenai pembelajaran e-learning mengalami peningkatan. Adapun nilai rata-rata pre test sebelum adanya workshop adalah 51,5 dan nilai rata-rata sesudah dilakukan workshop adalah 85. Kedua, selama pendampingan para peserta memberikan respon positif dengan persentase 89 %.
Variability in instructions for performance of nasopharyngeal swabs across Canada in the era of COVID-19 – what type of swab is actually being performed?
Authors: Hiebert Nole , Chen Breanna , Sowerby Leigh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background The primary method of surveillance for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 is with nasopharyngeal swabs. Given the significant demand for nasopharyngeal swabs, a large number of previously untrained and unfamiliar staff are now performing this test. It was noted that there was significant heterogeneity in instructions for performing nasopharyngeal swabs in Canada, in contrast to the guidance provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The objective of this study was to review the instructions provided across Canada and contrast them to those of the CDC and PAHO.Methods A standard series of steps for nasopharyngeal swab performance was outlined based on the CDC, PAHO, and New England Journal of Medicine instructions. A comprehensive search was performed in August 2020 to identify nasopharyngeal swab guidelines provided by public health in the provinces and territories of Canada. Regional health authority guidance was also collected. Instructions provided were contrasted against the standardized steps.Results Instructions were identified for all provinces and territories, and for 81 regional health authorities. From the provincial and territorial guidelines, 10/13 (77%) cleared the nasal passages before swab insertion, 11/13 (85%) tilted the patient’s head back slightly, 12/13 (92%) inserted the swab parallel to the palate, but only 3/13 (23%) inserted the swab to at least a depth of the distance between the patient’s nose and ear. A clear majority (81%) of regional health authority guidelines followed their respective provincial guidelines.For depth of insertion, Quebec provided a pictogram but no distance or technique for estimation. Six provinces and territories - Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Prince Edward Island and Alberta - recommended 4 cm or one-half the distance from nostrils to ear. British Columbia and Manitoba recommended a 7 cm depth of insertion. Nova Scotia recommended one-half to two-thirds the distance from nose to ear. Lastly, Newfoundland, New Brunswick and the Yukon recommended an insertion from nose to the external ear canal.Conclusion There is significant heterogeneity in guidance for nasopharyngeal swab performance across Canada. The instructions provided by the majority of provinces and territories in Canada would not be effective in reaching the nasopharynx.
Balancing costs and benefits of pandemic control in an outbreak phase
Authors: Hondou Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
After the first lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, many countries faced difficulties in balancing infection control with economics. Because there was limited prior knowledge, economists began researching this issue using cost-benefit analysis and found that infection control processes significantly affect economic efficiency. Rowthorn and Maciejowski used economic parameters in the United Kingdom to numerically demonstrate that an optimal balance was found in the process, including keeping the infected population stationary. However, universally applicable knowledge, which is indispensable for guiding principles of infection control, has not yet been developed because these analyses assume regional parameters and a specific disease. Here, we prove the universal result of economic irreversibility, which means that delaying infection control measures is more expensive than implementing infection control measures early while keeping infected populations stationary. This means that once the infected population increases, society cannot return to its previous state without extra expenditures. This universal result is analytically obtained by focusing on the infection-spreading phase of pandemics, which is not only applicable to COVID-19, and whether or not `herd immunity' exists. It also confirms the numerical observation of stationary infected populations in its optimally efficient process. Our findings suggest that economic irreversibility is a guiding principle for balancing infection control with economic effects.
CO2 Reduction for C2+ in Seawater Using a Graphitic Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyst
Authors: Kwon Tae-Hyuk , Kim Hyun-Tak , Park Jaehyun , Mun Jinhong , Shin HyeonOh , Roh Deok-Ho , Kwon Junhyeok , Kim Sungtae , Lee Geunsik , Kang Seok Ju 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ocean acidification due to the absorption of 40% of the world’s anthropogenic CO2 emissions severely affects the faltering marine ecosystem and the economy. However, there are few reports on reducing CO2 dissolved in seawater. Herein, we introduce an electrochemical CO2 reduction battery system for use in seawater with a graphitic frustrated Lewis pair catalytic cathode doped with boron and nitrogen (BN-GFLP). BN-GFLP converts CO2 dissolved in seawater to multi-carbon (C2+) products during the discharge process, thus increasing the pH of intentionally acidified seawater from 6.4 to 8.0 with more than 87% Faradaic efficiency. In computational chemistry and spectroscopy, BN-GFLP binds CO2 in a unique manner that enables exothermic C–C coupling pathway to deliver 95% selectivity for valuable C2+ products. Based on our results, we suggest a molecular design strategy for next-generation CO2 reduction catalysts for both green oceans and the atmosphere.
Causes and development characteristics of corrugation on tangential track of metro
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Lei Zhenyu 
Published: November 2020

In order to investigate the causes and development characteristics of rail corrugation on the tangential section, based on the finite element model of track structure and the vehicle-track space coupled dynamic model, modal analysis and dynamic analysis were carried out for detailed analysis. The results show that the line condition and passing frequency range of measured corrugation are close to those of roaring rail corrugation caused by Pinned-Pinned resonance of track structure, so it is preliminarily considered that corrugation occurring on this section is roaring rail corrugation. The modal analysis of track structure model shows that the vibration mode at the frequency of 513.7 Hz is the transverse Pinned-Pinned resonance of track structure and the vibration mode at the frequency of 1050.0 Hz is the vertical Pinned-Pinned resonance of track structure. The dynamic analysis of vehicle-track space coupled model shows that the amplitudes of rail vertical vibration acceleration levels are higher at the center frequencies of 500 Hz and 1000 Hz, and the one-third octave band widths corresponding to above center frequencies are in the frequency range of Pinned-Pinned resonance of track structure. Therefore, it can be determined that rail corrugation on the measured line is roaring rail corrugation. The changing trends of rail vertical vibration acceleration levels under different sleeper spacings and operating speeds are basically the same and amplitudes of rail vertical vibration acceleration levels at the center frequencies of 500 Hz and 1000 Hz are higher. With the increase of the sleeper spacing and operating speed, the variation trends of rail vertical vibration acceleration levels at 500 Hz and 1000 Hz are almost unanimous. By changing the sleeper spacing and operating speed, the rail vertical vibration acceleration levels can be changed significantly, which shows that the appropriate sleeper spacing (about 700 mm) and operating speed (about 80 km/h) can effectively control the occurrence and development of rail corrugation.
Estimating geohydrodynamic parameters and their implications on aquifer repositories: a case study of university of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
Authors: Ibuot Johnson C. , Obiora Daniel N. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study employs the surface geoelectrical resistivity method to investigate the aquifer repositories by estimating the geohydrodynamic parameters; aquifer quality index (AQI), flow zone indicator (FZI), permeability, hydraulic conductivity, fractional porosity, formation factor, normalized porosity index, and tortuosity. The data were obtained from vertical electrical sounding (VES) employing Schlumberger electrode configuration across 17 locations within the study area. The interpretation of the field data was done using the computer software package known as the WINRESIST and the results gave the values of resistivity, depth and thickness of each geoelectric layer at each VES point. The values of aquifer resistivity and thickness were used to estimate the geohydrodynamic parameters, and their variation trends are shown in the contour maps. It was delineated that high permeability zone have high porosity, AQI, FZI, and hydraulic conductivity but low formation factor and tortuosity. This is a reflection of high pore connectivity and groundwater transmissibility in the aquifer repositories. The various plots illustrate the interrelationship between the parameters and gave unique information which could be employed in groundwater contamination modeling, management and abstraction.
Tangki NAHRIM 2.0: an R-based water balance model for rainwater harvesting tank sizing application
Authors: Goh Y. C. , Ideris M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTangki NAHRIM, a desktop application developed in 2008, is widely used for the calculation of optimal tank size for rainwater harvesting in Malaysia. Here we present an overview of the updated version, Tangki NAHRIM 2.0 (TN2) which was developed in the R computing environment. In TN2, a rainwater harvesting system is simulated using a daily water balance model with rainfall input from a built-in database by adopting the yield-after-spillage (YAS) convention. Proposed tank sizes are evaluated based on water saving and storage efficiencies. These results are then visualised in charts showing the relationships between tank sizes and both efficiency measures to help users select the optimal tank size based on their criteria of choice. A simulation was conducted based on a typical Malaysian household for domestic non-potable use as a case study. A web-based GUI for TN2 was developed in R Shiny framework for the public. The GUI has the advantage of being accessible online from any device, and will be able to facilitate the adoption of rainwater harvesting systems by the public at large.
Narrativas de sujeitos com deficiência e isolamento social em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Costa Vanderlei Balbino da , Batista Claudenilson Pereira , Tavares Euler Rui Barbosa 
Published: November 2020

A história no século XXI vem passando pelas mais diversas transformações sociais, culturais e religiosas, principalmente, no que concerne o comportamento humano. A presente reflexão elucida narrativas de Pessoas com Deficiência em tempos de pandemia e isolamento social causado por um fenômeno mundial caracterizado como Corona Vírus. A questão que suleou essa investigação foi: como está sendo o isolamento social das pessoas com deficiência em tempos de pandemia? Os objetivos foram: entender por meio das narrativas como está sendo o cotidiano das Pessoas com Deficiência em tempos de pandemia; identificar nas narrativas desses sujeitos, momentos de ansiedade, tenção e desconforto emocional que estão vivendo em seu isolamento social; analisar as narrativas de quatro sujeitos que estão vivendo o isolamento social em tempos de pandemia, provocado pela proliferação do Covid-19 (Corona Virus Disease / Doença do Corona Vírus 2019). A metodologia escolhida foi por meio de depoimento escrito, narrado por esses sujeitos em seu isolamento social. Os referenciais utilizados versaram sobre narrativas, memorias e (auto)biografia que narra o comportamento social desses em tempos de pandemia. As notas finais, claro, não conclusivas nos fizeram perceber que os sujeitos narram em seus depoimentos forte estágio emocional, tensões e medo desse fenômeno que está assustando o planeta.
Fundo previdenciário e impacto orçamentário no serviço público
Authors: Coutinho Mauricio C. 
Published: November 2020

O trabalho discute as características do regime previdenciário no serviço público e efetua uma simulação do custo orçamentário da transição, para o caso da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). Já que a Unicamp, em particular, e o serviço público, de modo geral, encontram-se na expectativa da transição de regime previdenciário, a simulação estima os custos de inclusão dos servidores ativos em novas regras, mantidos como parâmetros a vinculação entre os vencimentos na atividade e na inatividade e a garantia orçamentária dos benefícios.
Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Persetubuhan Terhadap Anak Berdasarkan Putusan Nomor: 119/Pid.Sus/2016/Pn.Gin
Authors: Karmawan I Putu Agus , Sepud I Made , Dewi A.A. Sagung Laksmi 
Published: November 2020

Abstrak—Rencana untuk perlindungan dalam hukum, terhadap seorang anak telah cukup lama dibincangkan di negara indonesia, maupun di dunia Global. Anak adalah tunas, potensi, serta generasi muda penerus cita cita perjuangan bangsa memiliki peran setrategis dan mempunyai ciri serta sifat spesial yang menjamin keberlangsungan eksistensi bangsa dan negara pada massa depan. Permasalahannya ialah Bagaimanakah pengaturan hukum tindak pidana persetubuhan terhadap anak?. Bagaimanakah sanksi pidana kepada seorang pelaku persetubuhan terhadap Anak? Pendekatan masalah dalam penelitian ini ialah pendekatan normatif dengan kajian sumber hukum tertulis dari semua aspek dengan melihat, menelaah dan menginterperestasikan, berbagai hal yang dengan sifat teoritis, menyangkut asas-asas hukum, serta brupa konsepesi. Bahan hukum bersumber dari bahan hukum perimer dan sekunder, teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum dengan cara menginventarisasi peraturan perundang-undangan, pencatatan, dan dikaitkan dengan jenis penelitian. analisis hukum dengan mengguanakan cara metode deskriptif, yakni menguraikan serta menjabarkan permasalahan. Tindak pidana merupakan suatu pengertian dasar dalam hukum pidana dan suatu pemaknaan yuridis, persetubuhan merupakan perbuatan yang melanggar norma, KUHP Pidana, yang peraturannya tentang, persetubuhan kepada anak yang masih di bawah umur dewasa, diatur dalam KUHP. Tindak Pidana persetubuhan, di atur dalam UU No. 23 tahun 2002, UU No. 35 Tahun 2014, dan UU No. 17 Tahun 2016 Terhadap Perlindungan Anak dengaan pidana penjra paling cepat 5 tahun dan paling terlama 15 tahun serta denda paling banyak Rp. 5M (lima miliar rupiah).