bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DyNeuMo Mk-1: Design and Pilot Validation of an Investigational Motion-Adaptive Neurostimulator with Integrated Chronotherapy
Authors: Zamora Mayela , Toth Robert , Morgante Francesca , Ottaway Jon , Gillbe Tom , Martin Sean , Lamb Guy , Noone Tara , Benjaber Moaad , Nairac Zachary , Sehgal Devang , Constandinou Timothy G. , Herron Jeffrey , Aziz Tipu Z. , Gillbe Ivor , Green Alexander L. , Pereira Erlick A. C. , Denison Timothy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is growing interest in using adaptive neuro-modulation to provide a more personalized therapy experience that might improve patient outcomes. Current implant technology, however, can be limited in its adaptive algorithm capability. To enable exploration of adaptive algorithms with chronic implants, we designed and validated the ‘Picostim DyNeuMo Mk-1’ (DyNeuMo Mk-1 for short), a fully-implantable, adaptive research stimulator that titrates stimulation based on circadian rhythms (e.g. sleep, wake) and the patient’s movement state (e.g. posture, activity, shock, free-fall). The design leverages off-the-shelf consumer technology that provides inertial sensing with low-power, high reliability, and relatively modest cost. The DyNeuMo Mk-1 system was designed, manufactured and verified using ISO 13485 design controls, including ISO 14971 risk management techniques to ensure patient safety, while enabling novel algorithms. The system was validated for an intended use case in movement disorders under an emergency-device authorization from the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). The algorithm configurability and expanded stimulation parameter space allows for a number of applications to be explored in both central and peripheral applications. Intended applications include adaptive stimulation for movement disorders, synchronizing stimulation with circadian patterns, and reacting to transient inertial events such as posture changes, general activity, and walking. With appropriate design controls in place, first-in-human research trials are now being prepared to explore the utility of automated motion-adaptive algorithms.
A thousand metagenome-assembled genomes ofAkkermansiareveal new phylogroups and geographical and functional variations in human gut
Authors: Lv Qing-Bo , Li Sheng-Hui , Zhang Yue , Wang Yan-Chun , Peng Yong-Zheng , Zhang Xiao-Xuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present study revealed the genomic architecture ofAkkermansiain human gut by analyzing 1,119 near-complete metagenome-assembled genomes, 84 public available genomes, and 1 newly sequencedA. glycaniphilastrain. We found that 1) the genomes ofAkkermansiaformed 4 species (including 2 candidate species) with distinct interspecies similarity and differed genomic characteristics, and 2) the population ofA. muciniphilawas structured by 3 previously identified phylogroups (Amuc I, II, and III) referring to 1,132 genomes and 1 new phylogroup (defined as Amuc IV) that contained 62 genomes. Amuc III was presented in Chinese population and Amuc IV was mainly distributed in western populations. A large number of gene of functions, pathways, and carbohydrate active enzymes that specifically associated to phylogroups. Our findings based on over a thousand genomes strengthened the previous knowledge and provided new insights into the population structure and ecology ofAkkermansiain human gut.
Anti-NS1 antibodies induced by immunization with dendritic cell targeted hybrid monoclonal antibodies do not induce platelet dysfunction
Authors: Matos Vicentin Elaine Cristina , Silva Amorim Kelly Nazaré da , Yamamoto Marcio Massao , Santos Souza Higo Fernando dos , Rosa Daniela Santoro , Silva Gonçalves Antonio José da , de Barcelos Alves Ada Maria , Boscardin Silvia Beatriz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDengue fever causes a disease whose symptoms range from asymptomatic to more severe, that may even lead to death. During infection, the non-structural (NS) 1 protein is produced in infected cells and subsequently shed to the circulation. Anti-NS1 antibodies have been implicated in disease pathogenesis as well as in protection against lethal infection. Here we analysed the role of anti-NS1 antibodies elicited when the NS1 protein was specifically targeted to two distinct dendritic cell (DC) subsets by chimeric monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to the DC surface receptors DEC205 and DCIR2. BALB/c mice received two doses of αDEC-NS1 or αDCIR2-NS1 mAbs in the presence of an adjuvant. We observed that anti-NS1 antibodies induced by immunization with chimeric αDEC-NS1 or αDCIR2-NS1 mAbs did not cause significant pathology or were able to protect BALB/c mice from an intracranial DENV2 NGC strain challenge.
Cellular mechanisms of chick limb bud morphogenesis
Authors: Lesnicar-Pucko Gaja , Belmonte Julio M , Musy Marco , Glazier James A. , Sharpe James 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAlthough some of the molecular pathways involved in limb bud morphogenesis have been identified, the cellular basis of the process is not yet understood. Proposed cell behaviours include active cell migration and oriented cell division, but ultimately, these questions can only be resolved by watching individual mesenchymal cells within a completely normal developmental context. We developed a minimally-invasivein ovotwo-photon technique, to capture high quality time-lapse sequences up to 100 microns deep in the unperturbed growing chick limb bud. Using this technique, we characterized cell shapes and other oriented behaviours throughout the limb bud, and found that cell intercalation drives tissue movements, rather than oriented cell divisions or migration. We then developed a 3D cell-based computer simulation of morphogenesis, in which cellular extensions physically pull cells towards each other, with directional bias controlled by molecular gradients from the ectoderm (Wnts) and the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (FGFs). We defined the initial and target shapes of the chick limb bud in 3D by OPT scanning, and explored which orientations of mesenchymal intercalation correctly explain limb morphogenesis. The model made a couple of predictions: Firstly, that elongation can only be explained when cells intercalate along the direction towards the nearest ectoderm. This produces a general convergence of tissue towards the central proximo-distal (PD) axis of the limb, and a resultant extension of the tissue along the PD axis. Secondly, the correctin silicomorphology can only be achieved if the contractile forces of mesenchymal cells in the very distal region (under the Apical Ectodermal Ridge) have shorter life times than in the rest of the limb bud, effectively making the tissue more fluid by augmenting the rate of cell rearrangement. We argue that this less-organised region of mesenchyme is necessary to prevent PD-oriented intercalation events in the distal tip that would otherwise inhibit outgrowth.
Mutations infbiD (Rv2983)as a novel determinant of resistance to pretomanid and delamanid inMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Rifat Dalin , Li Si-Yang , Ioerger Thomas , Shah Keshav , Lanoix Jean-Philippe , Lee Jin , Bashiri Ghader , Sacchettini James , Nuermberger Eric 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe nitroimidazole pro-drugs delamanid and pretomanid comprise one of only two new antimicrobial classes approved to treat tuberculosis (TB) in 50 years. Priorin vitrostudies suggest a relatively low barrier to nitroimidazole resistance inMycobacterium tuberculosis, but clinical evidence is limited to date. We selected pretomanid-resistantM. tuberculosismutants in two mouse models of TB using a range of pretomanid doses. The frequency of spontaneous resistance was approximately 10−5CFU. Whole genome sequencing of 161 resistant isolates from 47 mice revealed 99 unique mutations, 91% of which occurred in 1 of 5 genes previously associated with nitroimidazole activation and resistance:fbiC(56%),fbiA(15%),ddn(12%),fgd(4%) andfbiB(4%). Nearly all mutations were unique to a single mouse and not previously identified. The remaining 9% of resistant mutants harbored mutations inRv2983, a gene not previously associated with nitroimidazole resistance but recently shown to be a guanylyltransferase necessary for cofactor F420synthesis. Most mutants exhibited high-level resistance to pretomanid and delamanid, althoughRv2983andfbiBmutants exhibited high-level pretomanid resistance, but relatively small changes in delamanid susceptibility. Complementing anRv2983mutant with wild-typeRv2983restored susceptibility to pretomanid and delamanid. By quantifying intracellular F420and its precursor Fo in overexpressing and loss-of-function mutants, we provide further evidence that Rv2983 is necessary for F420biosynthesis. Finally,Rv2983mutants and other F420H2-deficient mutants displayed hypersusceptibility to some antibiotics and to concentrations of malachite green found in solid media used to isolate and propagate mycobacteria from clinical samples.
Effects of order on memory of event times
Authors: Naim Michelangelo , Katkov Mikhail , Tsodyks Misha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMemorizing time of an event may employ two processes (i) encoding of the absolute time of events within an episode, (ii) encoding of its relative order. Here we study interaction between these two processes. We performed experiments in which one or several items were presented, after which participants were asked to report the time of occurrence of items. When a single item was presented, the distribution of reported times was quite wide. When two or three items were presented, the relative order among them strongly affected the reported time of each of them. Bayesian theory that takes into account the memory for the events order is compatible with the experimental data, in particular in terms of the effect of order on absolute time reports. Our results suggest that people do not deduce order from memorized time, instead people’s memory for absolute time of events relies critically on memorized order of the events.
Cell population migration cycle and response to environmental pH inBacillus subtilis
Authors: Tasaki Sohei , Nakayama Madoka , Takagi Izumi , Wakita Jun-ichi , Shoji Wataru 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicrobial populations are ubiquitous and some form a robust, multicellular structure called biofilm that protects the cells from environmental damage. The dispersion cycle is critical for controlling the population of important target microbes (both pathogenic and beneficial). Here, we show that the hysteresis ofBacillus subtiliscell-type regulation with respect to auto-inducing signal strength triggers the migration cycle of the cell population. We investigate migration cycle and its dependence on environmental conditions by quantitative analysis of cyclically expanding, concentric circular colonies. Next, we construct an input/output model that controls cell types in response to environmental conditions and signal density. On the basis of this model, we propose a migration cycle model for cell populations. The proposed model will widely predict biofilm-related phenomena and provide the basis for the description of highly self-regulating multicellular systems.
Trajectory Mapping of the EarlyDrosophilaGermline Reveals Controls of Zygotic Activation and Sex Differentiation
Authors: Chen Hsing-Chun , Li Yi-Ru , Lai Hsiao Wen , Huang Hsiao Han , Fugmann Sebastian D. , Yang Shu Yuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGerm cells inD. melanogasterare specified maternally shortly after fertilization and are transcriptionally quiescent until their zygotic genome is activated to sustain further development. To understand the molecular basis of this process, we analyzed the progressing transcriptomes of early male and female germ cells at the single-cell level between germline specification and coalescence with somatic gonadal cells. Our data comprehensively covered zygotic activation in the germline genome, and analyses on genes that exhibit germline-restricted expression revealed that polymerase pausing and differential RNA stability are important mechanisms that establish gene expression differences between the germline and soma. In addition, we observed an immediate bifurcation between the male and female germ cells as zygotic transcription begins. The main difference between the two sexes is an elevation in X chromosome expression in females relative to males signifying incomplete dosage compensation with a few select genes exhibiting even higher expression increases. These indicate that the male program is the default mode in the germline that is driven to female development with a second X chromosome.
The Sez6 family inhibits complement at the level of the C3 convertase
Authors: Qiu Wen Q. , Luo Shaopeiwen , Ma Stefanie A. , Saminathan Priyanka , Li Herman , Gunnersen Jenny , Gelbard Harris A. , Hammond Jennetta W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Sez6 family consists of Sez6, Sez6L, and Sez6L2. Its members are expressed throughout the brain and have been shown to influence synapse numbers and dendritic morphology. They are also linked to various neurological and psychiatric disorders. All Sez6 family members contain 2-3 CUB domains and 5 complement control protein (CCP) domains, suggesting that they may be involved in complement regulation. We show that all Sez6 family members inhibit C3 deposition by the classical and alterative pathways with varying degrees of efficacy. For the classical pathway, Sez6 is a strong inhibitor, Sez6L2 is a moderate inhibitor, and Sez6L is a weak inhibitor. Using Sez6L2 as the representative family member, we show that it specifically deactivates C3 convertases by accelerating the decay or dissociation of the C3 convertase components. Sez6L2 also deactivates C3 convertases of the alternative pathway by serving as a cofactor for Factor I to facilitate the cleavage of C3b. However, Sez6L2 has no cofactor activity toward C4b. In summary, the Sez6 family are novel complement regulators that inhibit C3 convertases.
Exclusive books: applying a behavioural economics perspective
Authors: Naidoo Thiroshnee , Lew Charlene 
Published: September 2020

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes are as follows: understanding of the principles of choice overload and the impact of consumer choice overload on company sustainability and growth prospects; understanding of how several heuristics inform consumer decision-making; applying nudge theory to interpret and clarify the impact and consequences of nudges on consumer decision-making; and considering the challenge of a newly appointed CEO to influence consumer choice.

Case overview/synopsis
The case study and teaching note offers insights into the use of behavioural economics principles in consumer choice. The case study methodology was used to design, analyse and interpret the real-life application of behavioural economics in the retail sector. The case demonstrates how choice overload, dual process theory, decision heuristics and nudge theory play a role in consumer decision-making. The case offers insights into the application of behavioural economics to support the sustainability of a company in an emerging market context. Managers can use the findings to consider how to use behavioural economics principles to drive consumer choice. The application of behavioural economics to an industry facing challenges of sustainability offers new insights into how to design spaces and cues for consumer choice.

Complexity academic level
The case study is suitable for course in business administration, specifically at postgraduate level.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing
Students’ continuing personal development (S-CPD) - a scheme to promote student engagement in extra-curricular activities
Authors: Ooi Pei Cheng 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis paper presents an overview of a lifelong learning scheme. It outlines the design of the scheme that was initially targeted for electrical and electronic engineering students and later students across the faculty of engineering in the University of Nottingham Malaysia (UNM). The scheme named “Students’ Continuing Personal Development (S-CPD)” is developed to improve student participation in extra-curricular activities and at the same time, to create awareness among students of the importance of lifelong learning and to facilitate the development of such skills.Design/methodology/approachThe scheme involves creating and developing more than 30 categories of activities together with a well-structured information technology infrastructure. Various strategies, such as offering awards, are applied to promote student engagement. In 2015 the pilot scheme was rolled out in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus and adopted by all departments in the faculty of engineering in the subsequent year.FindingsS-CPD scheme is aligned to the importance institutions of engineers in the world places on continuing professional development and also to the importance industry and employer places on transferable skills. The scheme provides students with a structured way to plan, participate and record their participation in extra-curricular activities that is relevant to their future careers as engineers in a holistic way. S-CPD scheme not only provides a good platform for students to hone particular “soft” skills and they are also aware of the importance and engaging in lifelong learning to make the most out of their university and also life experience.Research limitations/implicationsThis research could lead to many other studies including the factors that affect students' engagement in extra-curricular activities, short-term and long-term impacts of S-CPD scheme, and also involve psychology research such as psychological factors influencing students' engagement in the scheme.Practical implicationsThis scheme could be repeated in worldwide university programmes.Originality/valueThe S-CPD scheme can be viewed as having a two-pronged growth strategy. The first is to engage students in extra-curricular activities that enhance and improve their learning and personal experiences. The second prong of the growth strategy is to inculcate the growth mindset for lifelong learning, hence adapting well when their profession involves fulfilling CPD requirements.
Thermoelastohydrodynamic characteristics of supercritical CO2 spiral groove face seals
Authors: Zhu Delei , Bai Shaoxian 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine the sealing performance of face seals by numerical analysis of thermoelastohydrodynamic characteristics of supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) spiral groove face seals in the supercritical regime.

Design/methodology/approach
The spiral groove face seal was used as the research object. The distribution of lubricating film pressure and temperature was analysed by solving the gas state, Reynolds and energy equations using the finite difference method. Furthermore, the influence law of sealing performance was obtained.

Findings
Close to the critical temperature of S-CO2, face distortions produced by increasing pressure lead to divergent clearance and resulted in reduced opening force. In the state of S-CO2, the face distortions generated by increasing seal temperature lead to convergent clearance, which enhances the opening force. In addition, near the critical temperature of S-CO2, the opening force may be reduced by 10%, and the leakage rate of the seal sharply increases by a factor of four.

Originality/value
The thermoelastohydrodynamic characteristics of supercritical CO2 face seals are illustrated considering the actual gas effect including compressibility, heat capacity and viscosity. Face distortions and sealing performance were calculated under different seal pressures and seal temperatures in the supercritical regime, as well as with N2 for comparison.

Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-05-2020-0169/
Developing a scale for brand competitive positioning: a study in the home appliance industry
Authors: Mahboobi Renani Effat Sadat , Amiri Aghdaie Seyed Fathollah , Mohammad Shafiee Majid , Ansari Azarnoush 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting brand competitive positioning (BCP) and its components in the home appliance industry and also to develop a scale for it, considering both the seller’s and the buyer’s side.

Design/methodology/approach
The factors were investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Data was collected from findings of previous research as well as interviews with experts in the industry. After conducting thematic analysis, the extracted factors were confirmed by experts. A total of 400 samples was used to test the BCP scale. Respondents were the customers of some selected home appliance brands.

Findings
The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that seven main factors influenced BCP, including product quality, service quality, perceived price, sales and distribution, marketing communication, market orientation and reputation and background. Also, the five components of BCP are distinctiveness, desirability, credibility, value for money and top of the mind awareness.

Originality/value
Modelling a new scale on BCP is of considerable importance. Using mixed method, the current study presents a new scale named Brand Competitive Positioning Scale.
Eco-efficient management of a feeding system in an automobile assembly-line
Authors: Miranda Montserrat-Ana , Alvarez María Jesús , Briand Cyril , Urenda Moris Matías , Rodríguez Victoria 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This study aims to reduce carbon emissions and costs in an automobile production plant by improving the operational management efficiency of a serial assembly line assisted by a feeding electric tow vehicle (ETV).

Design/methodology/approach
A multi-objective function is formulated to minimize the energy consumption of the ETV from which emissions and costs are measured. First, a mixed-integer linear programming model is used to solve the feeding problem for different sizes of the assembly line. Second, a bi-objective optimization (HBOO) model is used to simultaneously minimize the most eco-efficient objectives: the number of completed runs (tours) by the ETV along the assembly line, and the number of visits (stops) made by the ETV to deliver kits of components to workstations.

Findings
The most eco-efficient strategy is always the bi-objective optimal solution regardless of the size of the assembly line, whereas, for single objectives, the optimization strategy differs depending on the size of the assembly line.

Research limitations/implications
Instances of the problem are randomly generated to reproduce real conditions of a particular automotive factory according to a previous case study. The optimization procedure allows managers to assess real scenarios improving the assembly line eco-efficiency. These results promote the implementation of automated control of feeding processes in green manufacturing.

Originality/value
The HBOO-model assesses the assembly line performance with a view to reducing the environmental impact effectively and contributes to reducing the existent gap in the literature. The optimization results define key strategies for manufacturing industries eager to integrate battery-operated motors or to address inefficient traffic of automated transport to curb the carbon footprint.