bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effets des compétences sur l’emploi: les enseignements de l’Évaluation des compétences des adultes (PIAAC)
Authors: STIJEPIC Damir 
Published: August 2020

RésuméÀ partir d'une enquête internationale qui évalue les compétences cognitives, l'auteur étudie les effets de celles‐ci sur l'emploi dans 32 pays. En moyenne, l'augmentation du niveau de numératie d'un écart type accroît la probabilité d'avoir un emploi de 8,4 points de pourcentage, et réduit celles d'être en inactivité ou au chômage de 6,4 et 2,1 points respectivement. Après contrôle des effets de la numératie, l'effet du nombre d'années de scolarité diminue de 2,7 points à 1,8 point. En particulier, les effets des compétences sur l'emploi sont plus marqués dans les pays où le chômage est plus élevé.
Efectos de las competencias cognitivas en el empleo en el mundo. Evidencia del PIAAC
Authors: STIJEPIC Damir 
Published: August 2020

ResumenCon datos de la encuesta del PIAAC (OCDE), que incluye una evaluación directa de las competencias cognitivas de la población adulta, el autor estudia su efecto en el empleo en 32 países. En promedio, un aumento en una unidad de la desviación estándar de la competencia matemática se asocia con un aumento de 8,4 puntos porcentuales de la probabilidad de tener empleo, lo que reduce la probabilidad de inactividad y desempleo en 6,4 y 2,1 puntos, respectivamente. Al tener en cuenta la competencia matemática, el efecto estimado de los años de escolaridad se reduce en un tercio. Los efectos de las competencias cognitivas son más pronunciados en los países con mayor desempleo.
Features of crystal structures and thermo‐mechanical properties of weberites RE3NbO7(RE=La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) ceramics
Authors: Chen Lin , Guo Jun , Zhu Yuke , Hu Mingyu , Feng Jing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe features of crystal structures, thermo‐mechanical properties and their dominant mechanisms of weberites RE3NbO7were studied as high‐temperature oxides. We concentrated on connections between structures and thermo‐mechanical properties, the influences of bond lengths, lattice distortion degrees and microstructures on these properties were estimated. The shortening of bond length and increment of bonding strength would lead to the increase of mechanical properties. The Vickers hardness (4.5‐7.8 GPa) and toughness (0.5‐1.6 MPa·m1/2) of weberites RE3NbO7are enhanced by grain refinement and increment of bond strength, while crystal structures, bond lengths, and lattice distortion degrees influenced their Young's modulus (100‐170 GPa). Nano‐indentation was applied to test the influence of microstructures on modulus and hardness. The dominant mechanisms for mechanical properties and thermal conductivity were proposed, which was conducive to properties tailoring and engineering applications of weberites RE3NbO7oxides.
Dimensions of amphibian alpha diversity in the New World
Authors: Ochoa‐Ochoa Leticia M. , Mejía‐Domínguez Nancy R. , Velasco Julián A. , Dimitrov Dimitar , Marske Katharine A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe links between taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity and how these vary geographically are key to understanding how historical and contemporary processes have shaped communities at regional and local scales. Here, we evaluate the links between taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity for the amphibians in the Continental Americas and how these vary geographically under an explicit hypothesis testing framework.LocationContinental Americas.TaxonAmphibia.MethodsWe identify spatial disparities between biodiversity dimensions (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic) using geographically weighted regressions. Based on these mismatches we examined whether different eco‐evolutionary processes would fit (competitive exclusion, habitat filtering, available ecological space, strong biotic interactions, speciation rates, and dispersion).ResultsWe found extensive variation in spatial mismatches between the three dimensions of biodiversity examined here. In general, at higher latitudes, we detected relatively little phylogenetic diversity, suggesting rapid functional diversification from temperate clades. In contrast, at low latitudes, environmental filtering mechanisms appear to be restricting functional diversity.Main conclusionsThe geographical mismatches between dimensions of diversity suggest different eco‐evolutionary causes. Patterns of diversification across amphibian lineages demonstrate how different environments can have contrasting effects on the different dimensions of diversity, potentially leading to decoupling. Neither dimension of alpha diversity of amphibians is a general predictor for another, and thus, general explanations for amphibian diversity and evolution should be avoided. Nonetheless, these dimensions can provide critical insights about conservation measures that explicitly emphasize evolutionary history, functionality or classic species richness.
Development and implementation of blood pressure screening and referral guidelines for German community pharmacists
Authors: Schulz Martin , Griese‐Mammen Nina , Schumacher Pia M. , Strauch Dorothea , Freudewald Leonard , Said André , Tsuyuki Ross T. , Laufs Ulrich , Kintscher Ulrich , Böhm Michael , Mahfoud Felix 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInvolvement of community pharmacists in the detection and control of hypertension improves patient care. However, current European or North‐American guidelines do not provide specific guidance how to implement collaboration between pharmacists and physicians, especially when and how to refer patients with undetected or uncontrolled hypertension to a physician. The German Society of Cardiology and the ABDA – Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists developed and tested referral recommendations for community pharmacists, embedded in two guideline worksheets. The project included a guideline‐directed blood pressure (BP) measurement and recommendations when patients should be referred to their physician. A “red flag” referral within 4 weeks was recommended when SBP was >140 mm Hg or DBP >90 mm Hg (for subjects <80 years), and >160 mm Hg or >90 mm Hg (≥80 years) in undetected individuals, or >130 mm Hg or >80 mm Hg (<65 years) and >140 mm Hg or >80 mm Hg (≥65 years) in treated patients. BP was measured in 187 individuals (86 with known hypertension, mean [±SD] age 62 ± 15 years, 64% female, and 101 without known hypertension, 47 ± 16 years, 75% female) from 17 community pharmacies. In patients with hypertension, poorly controlled BP was detected in 55% (n = 47) and were referred. A total of 16/101 subjects without a history of hypertension were referred to their physician because of uncontrolled BP. Structured BP testing in pharmacies identified a significant number of subjects with undetected/undiagnosed hypertension and patients with poorly controlled BP. Community pharmacists could play a significant role in collaboration with physicians to improve the management of hypertension.
Intentional partial beaching in a coral reef fish: a newly recorded hunting behaviour of titan triggerfish, Balistoides viridescens
Authors: Tietbohl Matthew D. , Hardenstine Royale S. , Tanabe Lyndsey K. , Hulver Ann Marie , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCoral reef fishes use a multitude of diverse feeding behaviours to increase their ability to successfully capture a wide range of prey. Here, this study reports a novel hunting behaviour in a coral reef fish, the titan triggerfish, Balistoides viridescens, where an individual was seen partially beaching itself while attempting to catch a Red Sea ghost crab, Ocypode saratan. This is the first report of this behaviour in the order Tetraodontiformes and represents an astonishing capability of this species to exploit food resources outside their typical assumed ecological niche.
Intestinal cancer in patients with Crohn's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Uchino Motoi , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Hata Keisuke , Minagawa Tomohiro , Horio Yuki , Kuwahara Ryuichi , Nakamura Shiro , Watanabe Kenji , Saruta Masayuki , Fujii Toshimitsu , Kobayashi Taku , Sugimoto Ken , Hirai Fumihito , Esaki Motohiro , Hiraoka Sakiko , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Matsuura Minoru , Inoue Nagamu , Nakase Hiroshi , Watanabe Mamoru 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough surveillance colonoscopy is recommended by several guidelines for Crohn's disease (CD), the evidence is insufficient to support the validity of this recommendation. Moreover, the efficacy of surveillance colonoscopy for anorectal cancer remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of cancer in patients with CD before considering the proper surveillance methods.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis examining the incidence of intestinal cancer and a literature review to clarify the characteristic features of cancer in CD. We performed the systematic literature review of studies published up to May 2019.ResultsOverall, 7344 patients were included in eight studies. The standardized incidence ratios (95% confidence intervals) of colorectal cancer (CRC) and small bowel cancer (SBC) were 2.08 (1.43–3.02) and 22.01 (9.10–53.25), respectively. The prevalence of CRC and SBC was 57/7344 (0.77%) and 17/7344 (0.23%), respectively, during a median follow‐up of 12.55 years. Additionally, 54 studies reporting 208 anorectal cancer cases were identified. In patients with anorectal cancer, the prognosis for survival was 2.1 ± 2.3 years, and advanced cancer greater than stage T3 occurred in 46/74 patients (62.1%). Many more reports of anorectal cancer were published in Asia than in Western countries.ConclusionAlthough we were unable to state a recommendation for surveillance for SBC, we should perform cancer surveillance for CRC in patients with CD. However, the characteristics of cancer may differ according to geography or race. We must establish proper and effective surveillance methods that are independently suitable to detect these differences.
Characterisation of a mural cell network in the murine pituitary gland
Authors: O'Hara Laura , Christian Helen C. , Jeffery Nathan , Le Tissier Paul , Smith Lee B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary are composed of endocrine cells, as well as vasculature and supporting cells, such as folliculostellate cells. Folliculostellate cells form a network with several postulated roles in the pituitary, including production of paracrine signalling molecules and cytokines, coordination of endocrine cell hormone release, phagocytosis, and structural support. Folliculostellate cells in rats are characterised by expression of S100B protein, and in humans by glial fibrillary acid protein. However, there is evidence for another network of supporting cells in the anterior pituitary that has properties of mural cells, such as vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes. The present study aims to characterise the distribution of cells that express the mural cell marker platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) in the mouse pituitary and establish whether these cells are folliculostellate. By immunohistochemical localisation, we determine that approximately 80% of PDGFRβ+ cells in the mouse pituitary have a non‐perivascular location and 20% are pericytes. Investigation of gene expression in a magnetic cell sorted population of PDGFRβ+ cells shows that, despite a mostly non‐perivascular location, this population is enriched for mural cell markers but not enriched for rat or human folliculostellate cell markers. This is confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The present study concludes that a mural cell network is present throughout the anterior pituitary of the mouse and that this population does not express well‐characterised human or rat folliculostellate cell markers.
Comparing two health literacy measurements used for assessing older adults’ medication adherence
Authors: Song Min‐Sun , Park Soohyun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo compare two health literacy measurements’ ability to assess older adults’ medication adherence by using the Korean Health Literacy Screening Questions (KHLSQ) and the Modified Korean Functional Health Literacy Test (M‐KFHLT), and to identify an appropriate health literacy measurement.BackgroundLower health literacy has been associated with poorer medication adherence. Thus, health professionals should evaluate the available health literacy assessment instruments they are using and choose an appropriate instrument to assess health literacy to increase older adults’ medication adherence.DesignFollowing the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist, a descriptive, cross‐sectional study was conducted.MethodsFrom November 2017–May 2018, 116 community‐dwelling older adults were recruited in South Korea. Questionnaires were completed during a face‐to‐face interview with each participant in a private room; health literacy was assessed using the KHLSQ and the M‐KFHLT and medication adherence using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale.ResultsHealth literacy assessed using the KHLSQ was found to be a predictor of medication adherence, but was not a predictor when measured by the M‐KFHLT. Having low income, multiple chronic diseases and vision problems were also significant factors related to medication adherence.ConclusionsThis study suggests that health literacy was negatively associated with medication adherence. Furthermore, KHLSQ is an appropriate tool for healthcare providers to use when assessing health literacy to predict older adults’ medication adherence.Relevance to clinical practiceThis finding indicated that healthcare providers should select an appropriate health literacy measurement that suits their purposes and the population they serve, particularly for older adults.
Detection of Monocyte/Macrophage and Microglia Activation in the TMEV Model of Chronic Demyelination Using USPIO‐Enhanced Ultrahigh‐Field Imaging
Authors: Zivadinov Robert , Schweser Ferdinand , Dwyer Michael G. , Pol Suyog 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEBlood‐derived monocytes/macrophages can be labeled with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIO) at periphery and subsequently migrate into areas of inflammation in the brain. We investigated temporal pattern of migration of peripheral immune cells in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) model of chronic demyelination by USPIO‐enhanced imaging.METHODSFifteen SJL mice (Envigo, Indianapolis, IN) were injected with TMEV (n = 12) or saline (n = 3) at 7 weeks of age. Brain MRI of 9.4 T was performed at 3 months postinfection (mpi) (the peak of inflammatory phase), at 4, 5, and 7 mpi (throughout neurodegenerative phase) using T2*‐weighted gradient echo MRI, and performed 24 hours after USPIO injection. Contrast enhancing lesion (CEL) number and volume were measured and development of brain atrophy was assessed across serial time points. Clinical disability scale and rotarod score assessed disease progression.RESULTSCEL was detected in a total of eight (66.7%) TMEV‐infected animals and none of the Controls. The CEL was present in four (33.3%) TMEV‐infected animals at 3 mpi, two (16.7%) at 4 mpi, six (54.5%) at 5 mpi, and four (44.4%) at 7 mpi, respectively. In TMEV‐infected animals, the CEL number and volume increased significantly from 3 to 7 mpi (P < .01 for both). The correlation between total CEL number and volume with clinical and MRI outcomes was trending (P < .05). On histopathology analysis, CEL showed increased density of Iba1 staining for microglia activity.CONCLUSIONSSerial USPIO imaging is a promising biomarker for investigating the effect of therapeutic interventions on monocytes/macrophages and microglia activation and neurodegeneration in TMEV‐infected animals.
Global Perspectives on Women and Work
Authors: Folberg Abigail M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe vast majority of psychological research on gender and work focuses on WEIRD (i.e., Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) women, which impedes global efforts to promote gender equality and devalues the experiences of the majority of working women across the world. In this article, I first review cross‐cultural psychological research on gender and work in three general domains: stereotyping and gender roles, discrimination, harassment, and women's efforts to effect change, and the effects of public and organizational policies on women's work lives. I then highlight how contributions to the present issue of the Journal of Social Issues expand our understanding of working women in non‐WEIRD contexts. I conclude with recommendations for future study and a call for more work that recognizes the experiences and perspectives of women in the global majority.
Effects of the biopsychosocial functional activity program on cognitive function for community older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lin Yen‐Chun , Wang Chi‐Jane , Chang Yin‐Fan , Wang Jing‐Jy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEarly preventive interventions may delay the onset of dementia for people with mild cognitive impairment. This study was designed to examine the effects of the biopsychosocial functional activity program on the cognitive function of community middle to older adults with mild cognitive impairment. A cluster‐randomized controlled trial was conducted. The experimental group received a 12‐month biopsychosocial functional activity program intervention that contained two phases. The first phase was a 6‐week teaching program followed by a second‐phase home follow‐up phase. The measurement was carried out at baseline, 6 months and 12 months after the biopsychosocial functional activity program. The measurement tool was the Chinese version of the Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination. The Generalized Estimating Equations statistical approach was used to analyze the data. The experimental group showed significant short‐term and continuous improvement in overall cognitive function in the immediate‐ and short‐term memory domain while the domain of attention and executive function showed improvement on the 12‐month measurement compared to the control group. Yet, there was no significant improvement overall and in the three domains of cognitive function for the control group. The findings may become references for advancing the dementia prevention program for communities as well as the national policies for dementia prevention programs.
Reconceiving the democratic boundary problem
Authors: Miller David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe democratic boundary problem arises because it appears that the units within which democratic decision procedures will operate cannot themselves be constituted democratically. The study argues that setting the boundaries of democracy involves attending simultaneously to three variables: domain (where and to whom do decisions apply), constituency (who is entitled to be included in the deciding body) and scope (which issues should be on the decision agenda). Most of the existing literature has focussed narrowly on the constituency question, endorsing either the All‐Affected Interests Principle or the All Subjected Principle, but neither is satisfactory as a general solution. In particular, the former fails to explain why having interests at stake in a decision necessarily gives you the right to participate in making it, and the latter, although more plausible on that count, assumes that the domain and scope issues have already been settled. To make progress, we need to bring democratic values to bear on the boundary problem. The units we favour should be those that are likely to promote political equality and solidarity among members of the demos. Although this approach will often justify existing territorial states as sites of democracy, it can also generate arguments for making boundary changes along one or other dimension.
The Bicameral Roots of Congressional Deadlock: Analyzing Divided Government Through the Lens of Majority Rule
Authors: Bianco William , Smyth Regina 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveIt is widely argued that a primary source of legislative deadlock in America is the combination of a secular increase in polarization, combined with constitutional provisions that divide law‐making power across branches. We argue that polarization affects productivity, but only given a particular pattern of divided government. We distinguish between split branches, where a president from one party faces a Congress controlled by the other, and split chambers, where each party controls one house of Congress.MethodsMultivariate analysis of enactment data from post‐War Congresses, augmented by data on House and Senate Uncovered Sets.ResultsEnactments of major legislation are less likely given split chambers compared to the other options and polarization has no impact after controlling for these factors.ConclusionThese results redefine the conditions under which polarization drives deadlock. They also explain why the increase in polarization over the last two decades has until recently had little impact on major enactments.
The Military in Politics and Democracy: Its Impact on Government Spending for Education and Health
Authors: Shin David 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThere is considerable debate over the determinants of government spending, but few studies have considered the impact of the military in politics. This article examines how the military in politics and democracy and the interaction between them might affect the allocation of government spending.MethodsI use a variety of econometric specifications, including pooled‐OLS, panel data with random effects and fixed effects estimation, and a panel data set of 129 countries from 1984 and 2013. Further, the SGMM estimator is used to check for robustness.ResultsThe empirical results show that the military in politics has a significant negative impact on education spending. The results also indicate that the interaction between the military in politics and democracy has a positive impact on government spending for education and health.ConclusionThe results suggest that policies to reduce military involvement in politics, combined with those to increase civilian control of the military, would have a considerable impact on social development.