bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence of Ferroelectricity in Halide Perovskites
Authors: Shahrokhi Shamim , Gao Wenxiu , Wang Yutao , Anandan Pradeep Raja , Rahaman Md Zahidur , Singh Simrjit , Wang Danyang , Cazorla Claudio , Yuan Guoliang , Liu Jun‐Ming , Wu Tom 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPerovskite oxides such as PbZrxTi1−xO3 (PZT) and BaTiO3 show excellent dielectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric properties simultaneously and have been widely used in capacitor, sensor, actuator, motor, surface acoustic wave devices, and energy storage applications. Recently, a variety of solution‐processed halide perovskite materials have been discovered to exhibit fascinating properties such as high charge mobility, strong light absorption, and even ferroelectricity. In this review, the recent progress on two classes of halide perovskite ferroelectrics is summarized. The first class is organo‐lead halide perovskite semiconductor such as MAPbI3 (MA=CH3NH3+), which is intensively pursued for solar cell and light emitting diode applications. Dynamic ferroelectric polarization is believed to be one of the essential factors to protect carriers from being scattered by charged defects in these halide perovskites. The second class is normal/multilayered halide perovskite ferroelectrics with large polarization or strong piezoelectricity. The piezoelectric coefficient of these latter perovskites can be as high as ≈1540 pC N−1, comparable to those of PZT‐based ferroelectrics. Multiaxial polarizations and morphotropic phase boundaries are also demonstrated in such halide perovskites. Overall, the fast development of halide perovskite ferroelectrics opens a new avenue for not only advancing fundamental materials science but also designing novel electronic and photoelectric devices.
Configurable three‐way model merging
Authors: Sharbaf Mohammadreza , Zamani Bahman 
Published: May 2020

SummarySoftware development is a collaborative activity that requires teams of software engineers to cooperate and work in parallel on versions of models. However, model management techniques such as model differencing, merging, and versioning have turned out to be difficult challenges, due to the complexity of operations and graph‐like nature of models. Therefore, a well‐developed support for model merging process, as well as conflict management, is highly desired. This paper presents a novel process for model merging, called the Epsilon‐based Three‐way Merging Process (E3MP) process. Model merging is a significant problem where there are different versions of a system model amongst modeler teams. E3MP includes three components implemented into the Epsilon framework. First, modelers can define domain‐specific rules that customize the merging process. Second, E3MP enables an automated method for syntactic and semantic conflict detection amongst different versions of the system model. Third, E3MP puts forward a pattern‐based approach for conflict resolution. We applied two generic benchmarks to assess conflict detection and resolution capabilities of our approach and carried out an initial scalability evaluation for the model merge with large models and large change sets. The results of our experiments revealed that the proposed process allows generating consistent and semantically correct merged models.
Highly sensitive lipid detection and localization in atherosclerotic plaque with a dual‐frequency intravascular photoacoustic/ultrasound catheter
Authors: Cao Yingchun , Alloosh Mouhamad , Sturek Michael , Cheng Ji‐Xin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntravascular photoacoustic/ultrasound (IVPA/US) is an emerging hybrid imaging modality that provides specific lipid detection and localization, while maintaining co‐registered artery morphology, for diagnosis of vulnerable plaque in cardiovascular disease. However, current IVPA/US approaches based on a single‐element transducer exhibit compromised performance for lipid detection due to the relatively low contrast of lipid absorption and conflicting detection bands for photoacoustic and ultrasound signals. Here, we present a dual‐frequency IVPA/US catheter for highly sensitive detection and precision localization of lipids. The low‐frequency transducer provides enhanced photoacoustic sensitivity, while the high‐frequency transducer maintains state‐of‐the‐art spatial resolution for ultrasound imaging. The boosted capability of IVPA/US imaging enables a multi‐scale analysis of lipid distribution in swine with coronary atherosclerosis. The dual‐frequency IVPA/US catheter has a diameter of 1 mm and flexibility to easily adapt to current catheterization procedures and is a significant step toward clinical diagnosis of vulnerable plaque.
Multifunctional perennial production systems for bioenergy: performance and progress
Authors: Englund Oskar , Dimitriou Ioannis , Dale Virginia H. , Kline Keith L. , Mola‐Yudego Blas , Murphy Fionnuala , English Burton , McGrath John , Busch Gerald , Negri Maria Cristina , Brown Mark , Goss Kevin , Jackson Sam , Parish Esther S. , Cacho Jules , Zumpf Colleen , Quinn John , Mishra Shruti K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs the global population increases and becomes more affluent, biomass demands for food and biomaterials will increase. Demand growth is further accelerated by the implementation of climate policies and strategies to replace fossil resources with biomass. There are, however, concerns about the size of the prospective biomass demand and the environmental and social consequences of the corresponding resource mobilization, especially concerning impacts from the associated land‐use change. Strategically integrating perennials into landscapes dominated by intensive agriculture can, for example, improve biodiversity, reduce soil erosion and nutrient emissions to water, increase soil carbon, enhance pollination, and avoid or mitigate flooding events. Such “multifunctional perennial production systems” can thus contribute to improving overall land‐use sustainability, while maintaining or increasing overall biomass productivity in the landscape. Seven different cases in different world regions are here reviewed to exemplify and evaluate (a) multifunctional production systems that have been established to meet emerging bioenergy demands, and (b) efforts to identify locations where the establishment of perennial crops will be particularly beneficial. An important barrier towards wider implementation of multifunctional systems is the lack of markets, or policies, compensating producers for enhanced ecosystem services and other environmental benefits. This deficiency is particularly important since prices for fossil‐based fuels are low relative to bioenergy production costs. Without such compensation, multifunctional perennial production systems will be unlikely to contribute to the development of a sustainable bioeconomy.This article is categorized under:
Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure
Bioenergy > Climate and Environment
Energy Policy and Planning > Climate and Environment
Optimal pricing of alpine ski passes in the case of crowdedness and reduced skiing capacity
Authors: Haugom Erik , Malasevska Iveta , Lien Gudbrand 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we estimate price-response functions for a ski resort using a conjoint framework. The analysis is based on survey data from 350 skiers at a large ski resort in the inland region of Norway. The results suggest that the waiting time at the main lifts (crowdedness) and the proportion of slopes open affect the optimal (profit-maximizing) price the ski resort should charge for a one-day ski pass. The results of this study support previous findings from the literature using alternative methodological approaches and can be used directly by ski resort managers when developing new pricing schemes for their ski resort.
Hanging drop cathode-atmospheric pressure glow discharge as a new method of sample introduction for inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry
Authors: Swiderski Krzysztof , Welna Maja , Greda Krzysztof , Pohl Pawel , Jamroz Piotr 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis work reports the use of hanging drop cathode-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (HDC-APGD) as a new method of sample introduction for inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The developed arrangement was characterized by a low sample uptake (0.56 mL min−1) and the fact that the entire sample solution volume was consumed by the discharge. This resulted in a very high transport efficiency of analytes from the sample solution into the ICP torch (usually > 80%). Under the optimal operating conditions of HDC-APGD, intensities of emission lines of studied elements were, on average, 2 times higher as compared to those obtained with conventional pneumatic nebulization (PN). Moreover, in the case of I and Y, the observed signal enhancements were even higher, i.e., 6.2 and 6.1 times, respectively. It was also shown that in the case of B and some elements that are known to form different volatile species (Ag, Bi, Cd, Hg, Os, Pb, and Se), the presence of low molecular weight organic compounds in the sample solution, i.e., CH3OH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH, or HCHO, resulted in the additional enhancement of their signals. It was especially evident in the case of Hg for which a 8.6-fold signal enhancement in the presence of HCOOH was noticed. The system presented herein was distinguished from other competitive APGD-type discharges because it could be successfully used for the determination of a vast group of elements, including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and non-metals.
Expression of immune checkpoints and T cell exhaustion markers in early and advanced stages of colorectal cancer
Authors: Saleh Reem , Taha Rowaida Z. , Toor Salman M. , Sasidharan Nair Varun , Murshed Khaled , Khawar Mahwish , Al-Dhaheri Mahmood , Petkar Mahir Abdulla , Abu Nada Mohamed , Elkord Eyad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite recent advances in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, a large proportion of patients show limited responses to therapies, especially in advanced stages. There is an urgent need to identify prognostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets in advanced stages, aiming to improve the efficacy of current treatments. We aimed to determine prognostic biomarkers in tumor tissue and circulation of CRC patients, with a special focus on T cell exhaustion markers. We found that mRNA levels of PD-1, TIM-3, CTLA-4, TIGIT, CD160, CD244, KLRG1, TOX2, TOX3, Ki-67, and PRDM1 were elevated in CRC tumor tissues. We also investigated differences in gene expression between early and advanced disease stages. We found that TOX and potentially TIM-3, CTLA-4, VISTA, TIGIT, KLRG1, TOX2, SIRT1, Ki-67, and Helios mRNA levels in tumor tissue were elevated in advanced disease stages, suggesting their potential roles in CRC progression. In contrast, PD-1 and CD160 levels in tumor tissue were downregulated in advanced stages. In the circulation of CRC patients, mRNA levels of PD-1, VISTA and LAG-3 were higher than those of healthy individuals. Moreover, in circulation, PD-1, CTLA-4 and TIGIT mRNA levels were reduced in advanced stages. Interestingly, levels of PD-1 in both tumor tissue and circulation were reduced in advanced stages, suggesting that targeting PD-1 in patients with advanced stages could be less effective. Altogether, these findings suggest some potential T cell exhaustion markers that could be utilized as prognostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for CRC. However, further investigations and validations in larger cohorts are required to confirm these findings.
The Diagnostic Utility of Splenectomy in Idiopathic Splenomegaly
Authors: Naples Robert , Bertke Alexander , Fafaj Aldo , Zolin Samuel J. , Thomas Jonah D. , Petro Clayton , Krpata David , Prabhu Ajita S. , Rosen Michael J. , Rosenblatt Steven 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionWith increasing frequency, patients with idiopathic splenomegaly are referred to surgeons for splenectomy. We evaluated the diagnostic utility of splenectomy and feasibility of a minimally invasive approach in the face of idiopathic splenomegaly.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 68 patients who underwent splenectomy for idiopathic splenomegaly. The primary endpoint was the rate of definitive diagnosis based on final surgical pathology of the removed spleen.ResultsPreoperative workup included a bone marrow biopsy and peripheral blood smear in 93% and 100% of patients, respectively, with none having lymphadenopathy warranting biopsy. Splenectomy provided a definitive diagnosis for 44 (64.7%) patients. Of these, 34 (50%) patients had an underlying malignancy, of which more than half were splenic marginal zone lymphoma. There were 33 (48.5%) laparoscopic, 23 (33.8%) open, 10 (14.7%) laparoscopic converted to open, and two (2.9%) laparoscopic hand‐assist cases. Conversion to open was due to splenic size [median craniocaudal length 21.8 cm (cm)] in eight and staple line bleeding at the splenic hilum in two patients. Overall, the laparoscopic approach was completed in patients with a smaller splenic size compared to open (median craniocaudal length 15.2 vs. 26.0 cm, p < 0.0001). The open group had one (1.5%) intra‐operative mortality due to uncontrollable hemorrhage. Thirty‐day complication rates were similar for laparoscopic and open approaches (p = 0.10).ConclusionSplenectomy is an effective diagnostic modality in determining a pathologic cause for splenomegaly in this patient population. Laparoscopic splenectomy can be performed safely in appropriate cases with craniocaudal splenic size having the largest influence on surgical approach.
Recommendations on complementary and alternative medicine within S3 guidelines in oncology: systematic quality assessment of underlying methodology
Authors: Kutschan Sabine , Freuding Maren , Keinki Christian , Huebner Jutta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is used by about half of all patients with cancer. Guidelines are an important tool to introduce evidence-based medicine into routine cancer care. The aim of our study was to assess methodology of the statements and recommendations concerning CAM.MethodsA systematic assessment of all S3 guidelines published until November 2018 was done. Methodology of all statements and recommendations concerning CAM which were declared as evidence-based was evaluated with respect to international standards. According to the AMSTAR-2 instrument search strategy including filters, searched databases, restrictions to the research question and description of the included studies were examined. In case of adaptations from other guidelines, all underlying guidelines were examined as well.ResultsAfter examining 212 guidelines, 82 evidence-based statements and recommendations regarding CAM could be identified. Four were derived by adaptation, 78 by a de-novo search. Only 11 of 78 (14%) fulfilled all assessment criteria. In 18 (19%) cases no information on search strategy was attainable in any document affiliated to the guideline, in 35 (45%) cases information on search strategy was superficial and in 54 (78%) cases the referred evidence was not presented in adequate detail.ConclusionsConcerning CAM statements and recommendations within S3 guidelines quality of evidence processing has several shortcomings. Guideline adaptions often lack transparency and traceability.
Cancer morbidity and mortality after pediatric solid organ transplantation—a nationwide register study
Authors: Endén Kira , Tainio Juuso , Nikkilä Atte , Helanterä Ilkka , Nordin Arno , Pakarinen Mikko P , Jalanko Hannu , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Jahnukainen Timo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of malignancies after pediatric solid organ transplantation was evaluated in a nationwide study.

Methods
All patients who had undergone kidney, liver, or heart transplantation during childhood between the years 1982 and 2015 in Finland were identified. The inclusion criteria were age under 16 years at transplantation and age over 18 years at the last follow-up day. A total of 233 (137 kidney, 53 liver, and 43 heart) transplant recipients were enrolled. Controls (n = 1157) matched by the year of birth, gender, and hometown were identified using the Population Register Center registry. The cancer diagnoses were searched using the Finnish Cancer Registry.

Results
Altogether 26 individuals diagnosed with cancer were found, including 18 transplant recipients. Cancer was diagnosed at a median of 12.0 (IQR 7.8–17.8) years after the transplantation. The transplant recipients’ risk for cancer was significantly higher when compared with the controls (HR 14.7; 95% CI 6.4–33.9). There was no difference for different graft types. Sixty-one percent of cancers among the transplant recipients were diagnosed at age older than 18 years.

Conclusion
The risk for cancer is significantly higher among young adults having undergone solid organ transplantation during childhood in comparison with population controls. Careful follow-up and attention to prevent cancers throughout adulthood are warranted.
Structurally controlled rock slope deformation in northern Norway
Authors: Vick Louise M. , Böhme Martina , Rouyet Line , Bergh Steffen G. , Corner Geoffrey D. , Lauknes Tom Rune 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGravitational forcing of oversteepened rock mass leads to progressive failure, including rupture, creeping, sliding and eventual avalanching of the unstable mass. As the point of rupture initiation typically follows pre-existing structural discontinuities within the rock mass, understanding the structural setting of slopes is necessary for an accurate characterisation of the hazards and estimation of the risk to life and infrastructure. Northern Norway is an alpine region with a high frequency of large rock slope deformations. Inherited structures in the metamorphic bedrock create a recurring pattern of anisotropy, that, given certain valley orientations, causes mass instability. We review the geomorphology, structural mechanics and kinematics of nine deforming rock slopes in Troms County, with the aim of linking styles of deformation. The limits of the unstable rock mass follow either foliation planes, joint planes or inherited faults, depending on the valley aspect, slope angle, foliation dip and proximity to fault structures. We present an updated geotechnical model of the different failure mechanisms, based on the interpretations at each site of the review.
Efficiently Simulating an Endograft Deployment: A Methodology for Detailed CFD Analyses
Authors: Kyriakou Faidon , Maclean Craig , Dempster William , Nash David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNumerical models of endografts for the simulation of endovascular aneurysm repair are increasingly important in the improvement of device designs and patient outcomes. Nevertheless, current finite element analysis (FEA) models of complete endograft devices come at a high computational cost, requiring days of runtime, therefore restricting their applicability. In the current study, an efficient FEA model of the Anaconda™ endograft (Terumo Aortic, UK) was developed, able to yield results in just over 4 h, an order of magnitude less than similar models found in the literature. The model was used to replicate a physical device that was deployed in a 3D printed aorta and comparison of the two shapes illustrated a less than 5 mm placement error of the model in the regions of interest, consistent with other more computationally intensive models in the literature. Furthermore, the final goal of the study was to utilize the deployed fabric model in a hemodynamic analysis that would incorporate realistic fabric folds, a feature that is almost always omitted in similar simulations. By successfully exporting the deployed graft geometry into a flow analysis, it was illustrated that the inclusion of fabric wrinkles enabled clinically significant flow patterns such as flow stagnation and recirculation to be detected, paving the way for this modelling methodology to be used in future for stent design optimisation.
Bifurcation analysis of a vibro-impact experimental rig with two-sided constraint
Authors: Liu Yang , Páez Chávez Joseph , Guo Bingyong , Birler Rauf 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper we carry out an in-depth experimental and numerical investigation of a vibro-impact rig with a two-sided constraint and an external excitation given by a rectangular waveform. The rig, presenting forward and backward drifts, consists of an inner vibrating shaft intermittently impacting with its holding frame. Our interests focus on the multistability and the bifurcation structure observed in the system under two different contacting surfaces. For this purpose, we propose a mathematical model describing the rig dynamics and perform a detailed bifurcation analysis via path-following methods for nonsmooth dynamical systems, using the continuation platform COCO. Our study shows that multistability is produced by the interplay between two fold bifurcations, which give rise to hysteresis in the system. The investigation also reveals the presence of period-doubling bifurcations of limit cycles, which in turn are responsible for the creation of period-2 solutions for which the rig reverses its direction of progression. Furthermore, our study considers a two-parameter bifurcation analysis focusing on directional control, using the period of external excitation and the duty cycle of the rectangular waveform as the main control parameters.
Ex post analysis of engineered tsunami mitigation measures in the town of Dichato, Chile
Authors: Oportus Maximiliano , Cienfuegos Rodrigo , Urrutia Alejandro , Aránguiz Rafael , Catalán Patricio A. , Hube Matías A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDue to Chile’s notorious and frequent seismic activity, earthquake- and tsunami-related studies have become a priority in the interest of developing effective countermeasures to mitigate their impacts and to improve the country’s resilience. Mitigation measures are key to accomplish these objectives. Therefore, this investigation adopts a tsunami damage assessment framework to evaluate the direct benefits of tsunami mitigation works implemented by the Chilean government in the town of Dichato in the aftermath of the 2010 tsunami. We perform an ex post analysis of the potential damage reduction produced by these works studying what would have been the consequences on the built environment if they were in place for the tsunami that hit this area after the Maule earthquake in February 27, 2010. We use state-of-the-art tsunami simulation models at high resolution to assess the reduction in tsunami intensity measures, which serve as input to evaluate the benefit from averted damage against the costs of the mitigation measures. The obtained results show a reduction in the flooded area and a delay in the arrival times for the first smaller tsunami waves, but a negligible damage reduction when confronted to the largest waves. In conclusion, the tsunami mitigation measures would not have been effective to reduce the impact of the tsunami generated by the Maule earthquake in the town of Dichato, but could have had a benefit in retarding the inundation of low-land areas for the first smaller tsunami waves. The latter suggests that these works might be useful to mitigate storm waves or tsunamis of much smaller scales than the one that hit central-south Chile in 2010.