bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Corrosion Diagnosis Method for Copper with Carbon Film by Potential Difference Measurement
Authors: Kito Kaito , Hoshi Yoshinao , Ikeda Itaru , Kuratani Motoki , Tanaka Noriyuki 
Published: December 2024

Copper is widely used in the heat exchangers of air conditioning systems because of its high thermal conductivity and good workability. Although copper shows a good corrosion resistance in the fresh water, the occurrence of pitting corrosion is strongly related to the carbon films on copper 1,2. It has been reported that the pitting corrosion was observed in the inner surface of copper tubes due to the carbon films on copper 2,3. In this case, the carbon films were produced by the influence of undergoing an oil and heat treatment. Yamada et al.2 investigated the factor of the pitting corrosion on copper by field test of air conditioning systems in Japan. They indicated that the occurrence of type Ⅰ pitting corrosion was affected by the water quality and carbon films on copper. Iyasu et al.3 reported a method to estimate the residual amount of carbon on the inner surface of the carbon tube by electrochemical measurement. In this method, the corrosion potentials related to the inner and outer of copper tube were measured to estimate the corrosion potential difference from both corrosion potentials at arbitrary measurement time. They demonstrated that the residual amount of carbon on the inner surface of the carbon tube was correlated to the corrosion potential difference estimated from the corrosion potentials of the inner and outer of copper tube. Though they implied that their proposed method can be applied the corrosion diagnosis method for copper tubes, the dissolution mechanisms of copper with carbon films were still unclear.
In the present study, we investigated the dissolution behavior of copper with carbon films in the fresh water based on the air conditioning systems. To estimate the corrosion potential difference, the corrosion potentials related to the inner and outer of copper tube were measured in the different compositions of electrolyte solution. The inner surface of copper tube with different residual carbon contents was employed for the measurement. To develop the corrosion diagnosis method of copper, the suitable conditions involving compositions of electrolyte solution for the corrosion potential measurements were discussed.
References

F. J. Cornwell, G. Wildsmith, P. T. Gilbert, ASTM STP (1976).

Y. Yamada, K. Mizutani, and Y. Inoue, Zairyo-to-Kankyo, 63, 158-162 (2014).

T. Iyasu, M. Kuratani, I. Ikeda, N. Tanaka, Y. Yamada, O. Sakurada, Open J. Compos. Mater., 11, 12-22 (2021).
Simple Direct Alternating Current Battery Using Iron Electrodes
Authors: Sato Ryo , Kuge Terumasa , Nakanishi Shuji , Mukouyama Yoshiharu 
Published: December 2024

Alternating current (AC) is currently used as a power source for a wide variety of electronic and electrical devices. Direct AC batteries, which generate AC without external devices, are expected to find a variety of applications. Despite the development of various chemical batteries, direct AC batteries with this capability have not been reported. To realize a direct AC battery, the current flow between the two electrodes needs to be spontaneously and repeatedly reversed. In other words, the electrodes of the battery need to alternately undergo oxidation and reduction reactions.
On the other hand, electrochemical oscillations are often observed during electrolysis. For example, various metals (e.g., Fe) exhibit current oscillations during dissolution. Typically, these oscillations are observed in anodic currents. Figure 1a shows the current (I)–potential (E) curve of a Fe electrode in a 1.0 M H2SO4 solution. The anode current due to Reaction 1 oscillated at approximately 0.45 V.
Fe→ Fe2+ + 2e- (1)
When a phosphoric acid solution containing hydrogen peroxide is used as the electrolyte, the oxidation reaction of Fe (Reaction 1) and the reduction reaction of hydrogen peroxide (Reaction 2) proceed alternately at approximately 0.3 V (Figure 1b) [1]. In other words, AC is spontaneously generated.
H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e- → 2H2O (2)
In this study, we developed a direct AC battery that utilizes the current oscillation. The battery has a simple structure with two Fe electrodes immersed in 0.5 M H3PO4 + 1.5 M H2O2, and an AC is generated by the alternating progression of Reactions 1 and 2 (Figure 2). The amplitude of the AC is approximately 0.05 mA though the amplitude of the current oscillation observed in the I−E curve reaches 10 mA (Fig. 1b). Figure 3 displays the relationship between current (I) and applied voltage (V
app) for the direct AC battery, demonstrating that AC behavior is observed over a wide voltage range. It is worth noting that the amplitude of the AC depends on V
app. This suggests that the battery can generate considerable amplitudes, possibly reaching several mA.
In general, current oscillations are attributed to negative differential resistance (NDR) [2]. In this presentation, the origin of AC will be explained based on the NDR characteristics. The necessary conditions for a direct AC battery will also be explained.

References

R. Sato and Y. Mukouyama, The 74th Annual Meeting of the ISE, S16-P-026 (2023).

M. Orlik, Self-Organization in Electrochemical Systems I, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin (2012).

Figure 1
Evaluation of Phase Transition Behavior of Nonionic Surfactant Solutions Containing Electrolytes by Rheo-Impedance Measurement
Authors: Kotsubo Ryo , Loew Noya , Ogura Taku , Yamagata Yoshifumi , Miyamoto Keisuke , Watanabe Hikari , Shitanda Isao , Itagaki Masayuki 
Published: December 2024

Aqueous nonionic surfactant solutions are known to undergo a phase transition from lamellar to vesicle when shear force is applied. It is also known that viscosity increases with the phase transition1). Our group has previously reported that the impedance decreases during the phase transition2). However, there are still many unknown aspects of the conduction mechanism in aqueous surfactant solutions of before, after, and during the phase transition. Therefore, in this study, we performed rheo-impedance measurements of aqueous surfactant solutions with different electrolyte concentrations. Furthermore, the dependency of the phase on the rheological parameters was verified using small-angle light scattering.
As surfactant, two types of polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers (BL4.2 and BL4SY) were used. As electrolyte, an aqueous Na2SO4 solution of 1.0 × 100 mol/L, 1.0 × 10-1 mol/L, 1.0 × 10-2 mol/L or 1.0 × 10-3 mol/L was prepared. The sample solution was a mixture of Na2SO4 solution, surfactant, and pure water with ratios of 5 wt%, 40 wt%, and 55 wt%, respectively. The sample solution was heated to 40°C, stirred, and allowed to settle until all bubbles disappeared completely. Samples without electrolyte (40 wt% surfactant, 60 wt% pure water) were prepared correspondingly. Rheology was measured with a gap of 1.0 mm over 30 min, at 35 °C, and a shear rate of 10 s-1. Simultaneously, electrochemical impedance was measured continuously with an initial potential of 0 V, in the frequency range of 500 kHz to 1 kHz (5 points per decade), with an amplitude 10 mV using a potentiogalvanostat with FRA (Hz-7000).
Phase transitions were observed in all solutions. Electrolyte concentration did not affect the time to phase transition. Capacitive semicircles were observed in all solutions. Curve fitting showed that the resistance of the solutions decreased after the phase transition. This is thought to be due to the difference in the orientation of the structure, which allows for easier transfer of protons and sodium ions in the vesicle than in the lamellar. When the electrolyte concentration was low, the resistance was greater than that of the solution without electrolyte. On the other hand, when the electrolyte concentration was high, the resistance decreased obviously. We are currently investigating the cause of this phenomenon. Details will be reported on the day.
1) Diat, D. Roux, F. Nallet, J. Phys. II France, 3, 1427 (1993).
2) Isao Shitanda et al., Proceedings of the 90th Annual Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan (2023).
(Invited) Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst Treated by in-Liquid Plasma and Its Application in Environmental Purification
Authors: Terashima Chiaki , Uetsuka Hiroshi , Teshima Katsuya 
Published: December 2024

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely investigated as photocatalyst because of its environmentally and economically advantages with high chemical stability, earth abundant and biocompatible properties. However, its large band gap for the activity to only UV light region, and the high recombination rate of photogenerated electron and hole pairs have to be overcome to utilize effectively sunlight, and to enhance the photocatalytic performance. Recent enormous efforts to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks have resulted in the one-dimensional TiO2 nanotubes, nanofibers and nanorods to suppress the carrier recombination, and/or the heterojunction structure of TiO2 with another semiconductor to achieve larger separation of the photogenerated electron and hole, as well as the modification of TiO2 nanoparticles with gold clusters to expand the light conversion from UV to visible and near-infrared region. Another interesting approach on black TiO2 nanoparticles succeeded in narrowing the band gap of pure white TiO2 nanoparticles, however, it required the hard treatment condition of a 2 MPa hydrogen atmosphere at ca. 200 °C for 5 days (X. Chen, et al., Science, 331 (2011) 746). In order to synthesize the hydrogenated TiO2 nanoparticles, the thermal treatment under hydrogen and plasma treatment have mostly relied on the reduction of TiO2 nanoparticles. But, these processes have drawbacks such as high temperature over 1,000 °C, vacuum system for hydrogen plasma and long treatment time. After thermal treatment, the sintered nanoparticles should be crush to follow multistep processes. Thus, alternative approaches have been highly demanded in the reduction of TiO2 with keeping its nano-sized particle.
On the other hand, non-equilibrium plasma, in which the electron temperature is very high and deviates from the ion temperature, is an attractive reaction field because it can achieve low temperature processes in material synthesis and other applications. In particular, when plasma is generated in a liquid, reaction processes below the boiling point of the liquid become possible, and a special reaction field can be expected to be formed. In a so-called solution plasma using a bipolar pulse power supply (O. Takai, Pure Appl. Chem., 80 (2008) 2003), the solvent was water, and plasma was generated in an air-fed environment within solvent. Therefore, the surface modification of TiO2 nanoparticles in a solution plasma reaction field to introduce oxygen vacancy on the sub-surface while maintaining the nano-size has succeeded in improving photocatalytic activity (S. Pitchaimuthu, C. Terashima et al., ACS Omega 3 (2018) 898). The present study focused to treat pristine TiO2 nanoparticles by the discharge in water-based solution and to investigate the material properties as well as the photocatalytic activities for decomposing organics.
Lithium Electrode Protection for Long Cycle Life, High Energy Density and High-Rate Capability Batteries
Authors: Mikhaylik Yuriy , Scordilis-Kelley Chariclea , Laramie Mike , Yang Wenzhuo , Restrepo Carlos 
Published: December 2024

Sion Power will present breakthrough technology leading to the highest combination of specific energy, cycle life and rate capability. In the core of this transformational energy storage solution is a protected metallic lithium anode with several levels of protection: physical barrier, chemical passivation of lithium surface, lithium morphology control through pressure application and optimal charge-discharge algorithms. Protected lithium anode combined with various intercalation cathodes offers wide spectra of cell designs with capacity of 0.3 - 6 Ah as R&D development vehicle and capacity of 15-56 Ah for Product Development purposes. These designs demonstrated specific energies of 620 Wh/kg delivering upward of 270 cycles to 400 Wh/kg with cycle life exceeding 2500 cycles.
The presentation will discuss Sion Power’s technology approaches, current state of energy density, rate capability and will be more focused on impact of lithium anode surface uniformity and charge-discharge algorithms on lithium morphology and cycle life.
(Digital Presentation) Surface Modification of Li7La3Zr2O12-Based Composite Solid Electrolyte and Its Influence on Interfacial Resistance and Cyclability
Authors: Parks Andrew , Karkar Zouina , Yim Chae-Ho , Houache Mohamed S.E. , Baranova Elena A. , Abu-Lebdeh Yaser 
Published: December 2024

All-solid-state lithium batteries are a promising next-generation battery technology due to their enhanced thermal stability and high energy density by employing lithium metal as the anode. Lithium metal have an impressive capacity of 3860 mA h g-1, a considerable improvement compared to the conventional graphite anode's 372 mA h g-1.
LLZO (Li7La3Zr2O12) emerges as a prominent solid electrolyte material for ASSBs due to its high ionic conductivity (>1 x 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature) and compatibility with Li metal. However, integrating LLZO into SSLBs presents challenges due to its inherent interfacial resistance with electrodes, resulting in poor cyclability and dendrite formation within solid electrolytes. To address these challenges, composite solid electrolytes are a good compromise, combining inorganic and organic compounds with the advantage of the ease of processability of polymers and the hardness and ionic conductivity of LLZO ceramics. [1, 2] However, LLZO's reactivity upon exposure to air poses a significant hurdle, which changes its surface chemistry and compatibility with polymers.
In this talk, we clarify the mechanisms and repercussions of air exposure on LLZO, alongside strategies to mitigate this phenomenon. Moreover, we describe surface modification techniques of LLZO for reducing interfacial resistance and its impact on different composite solid electrolytes.

[1] Al-Salih, H., Huang, A., Yim, C. H., Freytag, A. I., Goward, G. R., Baranova, E., & Abu-Lebdeh, Y. (2020). A Polymer-Rich Quaternary Composite Solid Electrolyte for Lithium Batteries. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167(7), 070557.

[2] Al-Salih, H., Cui, M., Yim, C. H., Sadighi, Z., Yan, S., Karkar, Z., ... & Abu-Lebdeh, Y. (2022). A Ceramic Rich Quaternary Composite Solid-State Electrolyte for Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 169(8), 080510
Hetero-Layer Solid State Electrolyte of Thermal Batteries with Lithium Metal Anode for Reducing Self-Discharge
Authors: Lee Jaein , Ha Sang-Hyeon , Choi Yusong 
Published: December 2024

Thermal batteries are primary reseve power sources which are activated when eutectic solid state electrolyte are melted by the ignition of heat sources. Un-activated thermal battery has no self-discharge reaction due to a solid-state electrolyte, but activated one with no load has considerable self-discharege reaction because the anode and the cathode dissolve in molten electrolyte and react together. Moreover, in the case of a thermal battery with a lithium metal anode, such self-discharge occurs more actively. This self-discharge reaction causes considerable loss of cell capacity, and generated reaction heat degrades the safety and stability of the thermal battery.
The kind of electrolyte cause principle influence on self-discharge because of different solubility of cathode. The more Li-ion the electrolyte has, the better ion conductivity and discharge performance it has, but the worse self-discharge rate it has. Therefore LiCl-LiBr-LiF (All-Li) electrolyte has better performance than LiCl-KCl electrolyte, but All-Li electrolyte has worse self-dischrge rate than LiCl-KCl electrolyte.
In this study, we substituted homogeneous electrolyte with hetero-layer electrolyte (LiCl-KCl / All-Li / LiCl-KCl) to have ion conductivity of All-Li at the center and cathode solubility of LiCl-KCl at junction between cathode and electrolyte. Finally, we carried out discharge test and self-dischrge test, and we confirmed that the hetero electrolyte had better performance and self-dischare rate than the homogeneous electrolyte.
Enhanced Chemical and Electrochemical Stability of Sn-Substituted Li6+
x
P1-
x
Sn
x
S5Cl0.5Br0.5 Sulfide Solid Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Battery
Authors: Cho Yoon Jae , Kim Dong Gyu , Kim Do-Kyung 
Published: December 2024

All-solid-state batteries have been regarded as next-generation battery due to their safety and higher energy density. Among the solid electrolytes, argyrodite sulfide solid electrolytes show superior characteristics of high ionic conductivity, scalable synthesis process, and low cost of precursors. However, argyrodite sulfide solid electrolytes encounter challenges such as an unstable interface with Li-metal and poor air stability due to the high reactivity of S species. One of the methods to improve these problems is the elemental substitution. In this study, Sn was substituted in place of P within the mixed-halide Li6PS5Cl0.5Br0.5 electrolyte. The crystal structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra. The interfacial stability of solid electrolytes against Li-metal anode and electrochemical performances were evaluated by symmetric cell test and galvanostatic charge/discharge test. The improved air stability was also investigated by measuring the ionic conductivity after air exposure. These results demonstrate that the substitution of Sn can improve ionic conductivity, interfacial stability, and air stability of sulfide solid electrolytes.
Keywords: solid electrolyte, Li6PS5Cl0.5Br0.5, elemental substitution, optimized synthesis method, chemical, and electrochemical stability
High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries Using Centrifugal Jet-Spun Non-Woven Chitin Fiber Separator
Authors: Jin Jungho , Song Myeong-Oh , Park Jeong-Ho , Jung Ji-Won 
Published: December 2024

Although lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are key prevailing energy storage devices, alternative battery technologies based on earth-abundant materials are being sought as a viable energy storage systems that could possibly replace LIBs. Among several alternatives is aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), which are more eco-friendly, cost-effective, and even safer. Despite their potential advantages, the development of appropriate separators for ZIBs has been elusive, and the issue of zinc metal dendrites on the negative electrode remains a critical challenge.
In this work, we introduces a novel approach to prepare a non-woven spun fiber mat made of chitin, an abundant natural polymer, which could function as a separator for AZIBs. In particular, we use centrifugal jet-spinning (CJS) to fabricate the chitin separator. The use of chitin as a separator offers several advantages over existing ZIB separators, such as high stability, improved capacity, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness. We demonstrate that the chitin separator can be applied in AZIB cells based on symmetric and full cell models, which showed stable cell operation for long-term cycling.

Figure 1
Racial Disparities in Clinical Trial Enrollment Among Patients Diagnosed With Prostate Cancer: A Population‐Based Cohort of Oncology Practices
Authors: Wiesen Brett M. , Flaig Thomas W. , Gershman Boris , Konety Badrinath , Warren Adam , Kuna Elizabeth Molina , Robin Tyler , Kessler Elizabeth R. , Eule Corbin J. , Breyer Benjamin N. , Achua Justin , Kim Simon P. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Although clinical trials should be accessible to all patients, persistent racial and ethnic disparities in clinical trial enrollment exist. Herein, we examine racial disparities in clinical trial enrollment among prostate cancer patients from a large population‐based cohort of oncology practices in the United States.Methods: Using CancerLinQ Discovery, we identified men with regional (N1+) and/or metastatic (M1) prostate cancer diagnosed from 2011 to 2023. Enrollment into a clinical trial for prostate cancer was the primary outcome. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were used for analysis.Results: Within our dataset, we identified 17,028 patients with advanced prostate cancer, of which only 2.6% of patients were enrolled in a clinical trial (n = 450). There was variance in the proportion of patients accrued over time with a low of 0.30% in 2011 to a high of 3.94% in 2018 and decreasing to 2.37% in 2023. On multivariable analysis, older age was associated with lower odds of clinical trial enrollment (p < 0.001). Compared to White patients, Hispanics/Latino (OR: 0.35; CI: 0.161–0.744, p = 0.04) and patients with self‐identified other race or ethnicity (OR: 0.23; CI: 0.295–0.931, p < 0.01) had lower odds of clinical trial enrollment on multivariable analysis. Black men with prostate cancer did not have a statistically significant difference compared to White men for clinical trial enrollment. (OR: 1.033; CI: 0.771–1.384, p = 0.828).Conclusion: While clinical trial enrollment remains low for men with advanced prostate cancer in this contemporary population‐based cohort, rates of participation for Hispanic/Latino men, but not Black men, are significantly lower. Increased attention is needed to better understand the reasons behind these racial disparities and to develop effective interventions to promote access.
Yoga for Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Moosburner Alina , Cramer Holger , Bilc Mirela , Triana Johanna , Anheyer Dennis 
Published: December 2024

Background: The prevalence of depression has been increasing sharply. Given the existing treatment gap and the high prevalence of nonresponders to conventional therapies, the potential of complementary medicine becomes clear. The effect of yoga on depression has already been studied, but its efficacy in manifest depressive disorders remains unclear.Objective: To update and evaluate the current state of evidence for yoga as a therapy option for depressive disorders.Methods: PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PsycINFO, and BASE were searched systematically. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including participants with depressive disorders, were eligible. Analyses were conducted for active and passive control groups separately and for subgroups of major depressive disorder (MDD) and mixed samples. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool 2.0. Primary outcomes were the severity of depression and remission rates, and secondary outcomes were health‐related quality of life and adverse events. The quality of evidence was assessed according to Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE).Results: Twenty‐four studies (n = 1395) were included; of those, 20 studies (n = 1333) were meta‐analyzed. Yoga showed a statistically significant short‐term effect on depression severity when compared to passive control (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [−0.80; −0.07]) but not when compared to active control (SMD = −0.22, 95% CI  = [−0.67; 0.23]). Regarding remission rates, statistically significant effects were observed when comparing yoga to passive (odds ratio [OR] = 3.20; 95% CI = [1.45; 7.10]) as well as to active control (OR = 2.04; 95% CI = [1.13; 3.69]). No differences on safety outcomes were observed for passive (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = [0.10; 9.98]) as well as for active control (OR  = 0.80, 95% CI = [0.08; 8.09]). The quality of evidence ranged from moderate to very low. Due to the heterogeneity of outcome reporting, no meta‐analysis for quality of life was possible.Conclusion: Yoga is an effective therapy approach for reducing depression severity when compared to passive control and obtains higher remission rates when compared to active and passive controls. Quality of evidence is inconsistent, but given the positive risk–benefit ratio of the intervention and the urge for therapy options for depression, yoga should be considered as a possible treatment option, particularly for MDD patients.