bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and in vitro evaluation of 3D composite scaffold based on collagen/hyaluronic acid sponge and electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Entekhabi Elahe , Haghbin Nazarpak Masoumeh , Shafieian Mehdi , Mohammadi Haniye , Firouzi Masoumeh , Hassannejad Zahra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReplacement of peripheral nerve autografts with tissue engineered nerve grafts will potentially resolve the lack of nerve tissue especially in patients with severe concomitant soft tissue injuries. This study attempted to fabricate a tissue engineered nerve graft composed of electrospun PCL conduit filled with collagen‐hyaluronic acid (COL‐HA) sponge with different COL‐HA weight ratios including 100:0, 98:2, 95:5 and 90:10. The effect of HA addition on the sponge porosity, mechanical properties, water absorption and degradation rate was assessed. A good cohesion between the electrospun PCL nanofibers and COL‐HA sponges were seen in all sponges with different HA contents. Mechanical properties of PCL nanofibrous layer were similar to the rat sciatic nerve; the ultimate tensile strength was 2.23 ± 0.35 MPa at the elongation of 35%. Additionally, Schwann cell proliferation and morphology on three dimensional (3D) composite scaffold were evaluated by using MTT and SEM assays, respectively. Rising the HA content resulted in higher water absorption as well as greater pore size and porosity, while a decrease in Schwann cell proliferation compared to pure collagen sponge, although reduction in cell proliferation was not statistically significant. The lower Schwann cell proliferation on the COL‐HA was attributed to the greater degradation rate and pore size of the COL‐HA sponges. Also, dorsal root ganglion assay showed that the engineered 3D construct significantly increases axon growth. Taken together, these results suggest that the fabricated 3D composite scaffold provide a permissive environment for Schwann cells proliferation and maturation and can encourage axon growth.
CD68+ macrophages as crucial components of the foreign body reaction demonstrate an unconventional pattern of functional markers quantified by analysis with double fluorescence staining
Authors: Klinge Uwe , Dievernich Axel , Tolba Rene , Klosterhalfen Bernd , Davies Luke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImplants like meshes for the reinforcement of tissues implement the formation of a persistent inflammation with an ambient fibrotic reaction. In the inflammatory infiltrate several distinct cell types have been identified, but CD68+ macrophages are supposed to be most important. To investigate the collaboration among the various cell types within the infiltrate we performed at explanted meshes from humans double fluorescence staining with CD68 as a constant marker and a variety of other antibodies as the second marker. The list of second markers includes lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD56, FoxP3, and CD11b) stem cells (CD34), leucocytes (CD45, CD15), macrophages (CD86, CD105, CD163, and CD206); deposition of EC matrix (collagen‐I, collagen‐III, MMP2, and MMP8); Ki67 as a marker for proliferation; and the tyrosine‐protein kinase receptor AXL. The present study demonstrates within the inflammatory infiltrate the abundant capability of CD68+ cells to co‐express a huge variety of other markers, including those of lymphocytes, varying between 5 and 83% of investigated cells. The observation of co‐staining was not restricted to a specific polymer but was seen with polypropylene fibers as well as with fibers made of polyvinylidene fluoride, although with differences in co‐expression rates. The persisting variability of these cells without the functional reduction toward differentiated mature cell types may favor the lack of healing at the interface of meshes.
Employee stock ownership and cost of capital: Evidence from the S&P 500
Authors: Campa Domenico , Kern Alexander 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article investigates whether the presence of employee stock ownership (ESO) is associated with a firm's cost of capital. Based on all of the S&P 500 firms, we find that ESO decreases the overall cost of capital in entities by reducing their cost of debt. In contrast, we find no strong relationship between ESO and the cost of equity. We also show that ESO provides a company with immunity to changes in the cost of capital observed during financial crises. We conclude that external providers of funds associate ESO with a lower financial risk, and that equity investors balance the positive effects of ESO, such as increased employee motivation and commitment, with the negative effects arising from management entrenchment and dilution in property rights. Overall, we show that ESO reduces a firm's perceived financial risk. Our results also encourage managers to involve their employees in the life of the business by granting them company shares.
Cre/loxP approach‐mediated downregulation of Pik3c3 inhibits the hypertrophic growth of renal proximal tubule cells
Authors: Liu Ting , Yuan Jialing , Dai Caihong , Xu Jinxian , Li Shude , Humphreys Benjamin D. , Kleven Daniel T. , Chen Jian‐Kang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNephron loss stimulates residual functioning nephrons to undergo compensatory growth. Excessive nephron growth may be a maladaptive response that sets the stage for progressive nephron damage, leading to kidney failure. To date, however, the mechanism of nephron growth remains incompletely understood. Our previous study revealed that class III phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (Pik3c3) is activated in the remaining kidney after unilateral nephrectomy (UNX)‐induced nephron loss, but previous studies failed to generate a Pik3c3 gene knockout animal model. Global Pik3c3 deletion results in embryonic lethality. Given that renal proximal tubule cells make up the bulk of the kidney and undergo the most prominent hypertrophic growth after UNX, in this study we used Cre‐loxP‐based approaches to demonstrate for the first time that tamoxifen‐inducible SLC34a1 promoter‐driven CreERT2 recombinase‐mediated downregulation of Pik3c3 expression in renal proximal tubule cells alone is sufficient to inhibit UNX‐ or amino acid‐induced hypertrophic nephron growth. Furthermore, our mechanistic studies unveiled that the SLC34a1‐CreERT2 recombinase‐mediated Pik3c3 downregulation inhibited UNX‐ or amino acid‐stimulated lysosomal localization and signaling activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in the renal proximal tubules. Moreover, our additional cell culture experiments using RNAi confirmed that knocking down Pik3c3 expression inhibited amino acid‐stimulated mTORC1 signaling and blunted cellular growth in primary cultures of renal proximal tubule cells. Together, both our in vivo and in vitro experimental results indicate that Pik3c3 is a major mechanistic mediator responsible for sensing amino acid availability and initiating hypertrophic growth of renal proximal tubule cells by activation of the mTORC1–S6K1–rpS6 signaling pathway.
Mechanism underlying the regulation of sortilin expression and its trafficking function
Authors: Ouyang Shuhui , Jia Bo , Xie Wei , Yang Jing , Lv Yuncheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis review summarizes and analyzes the updated information on the regulation of sortilin expression and its trafficking function. Evidence indicates that the expression and function of sortilin are closely regulated at four levels: DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), protein, and trafficking function. DNA methylation, several mutations, and minor single‐nucleotide polymorphisms within DNA fragments affect the expression of SORT1 gene. A few transcription factors and microRNAs modulate its transcription as well as the splicing or stability of the mRNA. Moreover, several translation factors control the synthesis of sortilin protein, and posttranslational modifications affect its degradation processes. Multiple adaptor molecules modulate the sortilin trafficking function in the anterograde or retrograde pathway. Recent advances in the regulation of sortilin expression and function, and its related mechanisms will help the ongoing research related to sortilin and promote future clinical application via sortilin intervention.
Delayed acute pancreatitis induced by nilotinib in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia attaining sustained complete molecular response
Authors: Wang Shifang , Desikan Sai Prasad , Jeffrey Jay , McClain Charles , Desikan Raman 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAdvent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have revolutionized therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia. Imatinib was the first agent utilized in the therapy of CML. Nilotinib, a second generation TKI, results in an increase in number of patients achieving major molecular response at an earlier time point. Asymptomatic elevations in pancreatic enzyme is common and acute pancreatitis within weeks to months from start of therapy has been observed. Delayed onset pancreatitis has not been reported. We report a case of delayed onset pancreatitis in a patient with sustained complete molecular response. On account of the deep response, we were able to avoid starting alternate tyrosine kinase inhibitors that could also result in pancreatitis as a class effect.
Soft tissue healing around platform‐switching and platform‐matching single implants: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cheng Guo‐Liang , Leblebicioglu Binnaz , Li Jianrong , Chien Hua‐Hong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundImplants with platform‐switching (PS) design have been demonstrated to reduce marginal bone loss. However, the influence on peri‐implant soft tissue healing is unclear. This study was designed to investigate its effect on peri‐implant soft tissue healing after implant uncovery.MethodsNon‐smokers needing two implants in different quadrants were recruited in this study. For each individual, one PS and one platform‐matching (PM) implants were placed using two‐stage protocol. Following 2 to 8 months of healing, all implants were uncovered and connected to the corresponding healing abutments. Clinical measurements and peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) were taken at 1‐, 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐week after 2nd stage surgery. The cytokine concentrations in PICF were analyzed. Peri‐implant mucosa (1 × 2 × 2 mm) was harvested around the healing abutment for the analysis of gene expression at uncovery and 6‐week post‐uncovery.ResultsEighteen participants (nine males; 51.7 ± 14.9 years) were recruited. Compared to PM, PS showed significantly lower probing depth (PD) at 1‐ and 2‐week as well as modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI) at 1‐, 4‐, and 6‐week (P < 0.05). Over time, a decrease in osteoprotegerin and interleukin‐1β concentrations in PICF along with an increase in receptor activator of unclear factor kappa‐B ligand, periostin, and peroxidasin gene expressions in peri‐implant mucosa were noted within both groups (P < 0.05) without significant intergroup differences.ConclusionWithin the limits, implants with PS design rendered significant benefits over PM design in PD and mSBI reduction during a 6‐week healing. However, molecular changes within PICF and peri‐implant mucosa as a response to PM and PS appear negligible.
Contribution of autochthonous yeasts with probiotic potential to the aroma profile of fermented Guajillo pepper sauce
Authors: Lara‐Hidalgo Carlos , Belloch Carmela , Dorantes‐Alvarez Lidia , Flores Mónica 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThree yeast strains with probiotic potential, Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Pichia kudriavzevii, and Wickerhamomyces anomalus were inoculated in the fermentation of Guajillo chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) sauce, and the different aroma profiles were investigated. Using headspace solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS) analysis and gas chromatography‐olfactometry (GCO), flavour compound production was evaluated during the fermentation of the Guajillo chilli pepper sauces.RESULTSA total of 78 volatile compounds were identified during the yeast fermentation of the sauce. Most aldehydes and terpenes detected were present at the beginning of the fermentation, indicating a Guajillo chilli pepper origin. Among the 34 active aroma compounds detected by GCO, propanoic acid (cheesy), 3‐methylbutanoic acid (sharp, cheese), ethyl 2‐methylbutanoate (fruity), and 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one (strong, citrus) were identified as key aroma contributors produced by the inoculation of the yeasts. A different aroma profile was produced by probiotic yeast. Hanseniaspora opuntiae produced an aroma profile with herbal and green notes based on high production of aldehydes, ketones, and acetic acid. Pichia kudriavzevii and W. anomalus produced fruity, green‐herbal, and cheesy notes based on ester compounds, alcohol and branched‐chain acids production although, the production of propanoic acid by W. anomalus increased the cheesy character in the sauces.CONCLUSIONThe aroma profile of fermented chilli pepper sauces depends not only on the chili pepper varieties used but also on the fermentation process as a source of aroma compounds. The use of probiotic yeast can be used to improve and diversify the aroma profile of fermented chilli pepper sauces. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Risk‐stratified analysis of pasireotide for patients undergoing pancreatectomy
Authors: Peng June S. , Joyce Daniel , Brady Maureen , Groman Adrienne , Attwood Kristopher , Kuvshinoff Boris , Hochwald Steven N. , Kukar Moshim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPasireotide was shown in a randomized trial to decrease the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). However, retrospective series from other centers have failed to confirm these results.MethodsPatients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy between January 2014 and February 2019 were included. Patients treated after November 2016 routinely received pasireotide and were compared to a retrospective cohort. Multivariate analysis was performed for the outcome of clinically relevant POPF (CR‐POPF), with stratification by fistula risk score (FRS).ResultsNinety‐nine of 300 patients received pasireotide. The distribution of high, intermediate, low, and negligible risk patients by FRS was comparable (P = .487). There were similar rates of CR‐POPF (19.2% pasireotide vs 14.9% control, P = .347) and percutaneous drainage (12.1% vs 10.0%, P = .567), with greater median number of drain days in the pasireotide group (6 vs 4 days, P < .001). Multivariate modeling for CR‐POPF showed no correlation with operation or pasireotide use. Adjustment with propensity weighted models for high (OR, 1.02, 95% CI, 0.45‐2.29) and intermediate (OR, 1.02, CI, 0.57‐1.81) risk groups showed no correlation of pasireotide with reduction in CR‐POPF.ConclusionsPasireotide administration after pancreatectomy was not associated with a decrease in CR‐POPF, even when patients were stratified by FRS.
Does the mutual recognition agreement on nursing services accelerate nurse migration in member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations?
Authors: Kyoko Sudo , Naruse Kazuko , Puangrat Boonyanurak 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo clarify the situations of nursing education and activity, its affecting factors and the nursing educators’ views on nurse migration relating Mutual Recognition Agreement on Nursing Services in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Design: Descriptive qualitative research.MethodsThe individual semi‐structured interviews with 11 nursing educators, analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsNursing educators acknowledged that the change in nursing was mainly due to the creation and amendment of laws, acts and regulations regarding nursing and improvements in nursing education systems. Some of these improvements occurred by this mutual agreement. The conceptualization of the progress indicated an improvement in the quality of nursing. Nurse migration to the outside of Southeast Asian countries might be accelerated due to concurrent improvements in the quality of nursing. New trends among nurses working as caregivers in surrounding countries such as China, South Korea and Japan to deal with demographic ageing should be considered.
Geographic and Longitudinal Trends in Media Framing of Obesity in the United States
Authors: Chiang Jonathan , Arons Abigail , Pomeranz Jennifer L. , Siddiqi Arjumand , Hamad Rita 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe media’s framing of public health issues is closely linked to public opinion on these issues and support for interventions to address them. This study characterized geographic and temporal variation in the US media’s framing of obesity across states from 2006 to 2015.MethodsNewspaper articles that mentioned the term obesity were drawn from Access World News (NewsBank, Inc., Naples, Florida), a comprehensive online database (N = 364,288). This study employed automated content analysis, a machine learning technique, to categorize articles as (1) attributing obesity to individual‐level causes (e.g., lifestyle behaviors), (2) attributing obesity to environmental/systemic causes (e.g., neighborhood walkability), (3) attributing obesity to both individual‐level causes and environmental/systemic causes, or (4) articles without any such attribution framework.ResultsNationwide across all years, a higher proportion of articles focused on individual‐level attribution of obesity than environmental‐level attribution or both. Missouri and Idaho had the highest proportions of articles with an individual framework, and Nevada, Arkansas, and Wisconsin had the highest proportions of articles with an environmental framework.ConclusionsThis analysis demonstrates that US media sources heavily focus on an individual framing of obesity, which may be informing public perceptions of obesity. By highlighting differences in obesity media portrayal, this study could inform research to understand why particular states represent outliers and how this may affect obesity policy making.
Bupivacaine‐loaded chitosan hydrogels for topical anesthesia in dentistry
Authors: Mihalache Cristian , Rata Delia M , Cadinoiu Anca N , Patras Xenia , Sindilar Eusebiu V , Bacaita Simona E , Popa Marcel , Atanase Leonard I , Daraba Oana M 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe paper describes the preparation of polymeric hydrogels, loaded with bupivacaine, which could represent a good alternative in clinical dentistry as local anesthetics. The hydrogels were prepared by condensation using an amidation reaction between a natural polymer (chitosan) and a synthetic one, poly[(maleic anhydride)‐alt‐(vinyl acetate)]. Infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed crosslinking through the presence of amide bonds, formed between the two types of polymer chains. Scanning electron microscopy results demonstrated that the hydrogels have a porous structure, the pore dimensions being non‐uniform with diameters between 200 and 600 μm. Hydrogels presented good bupivacaine inclusion and release capacity whereas theoretical analysis confirmed the validity of the generalized fractal model, reinforcing a csavi‐universal pattern of drug release. Cytotoxicity tests on human dermal fibroblasts revealed that the obtained hydrogels are not cytotoxic. In vivo, the bupivacaine‐loaded hydrogels presented anesthetic effects after 15 min and no side effects were observed. This system has the advantage of alleviating or eliminating pain associated with invasive procedures and avoiding direct contact of the drug with tissues, leading thus to the prevention of side effects. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
What can digitisation do for formulated product innovation and development?
Authors: McDonagh James L , Swope William C , Anderson Richard L , Johnston Michael A , Bray David J 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDigitisation offers significant opportunities for the formulated product industry to transform the way it works. Recent developments in the fields of artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics and high performance computing present disruptive and transformative methods to accelerate the R&D process. These methods include physics‐based chemical simulation, data driven models and hybrid approaches, each of which has been shown to provide new physical and chemical insights that can augment experimental R&D. However, successfully exploiting these technologies in R&D organisations at scale is challenging due to the high level of domain specialisation required and the need for novel models for the formulation domain. In this paper we give an overview of some of the digital technology demonstrators we have developed for formulated product R&D. These demonstrators focus on computational modelling methods. In particular we discuss how we tackled the issue of domain specialisation and the challenges we encountered in creating accurate models for formulation problems. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Retrieval of germinal zone neural stem cells from the cerebrospinal fluid of premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: Fernández-Muñoz Beatriz , Rosell-Valle Cristina , Ferrari Daniela , Alba-Amador Julia , Montiel Miguel Ángel , Campos-Cuerva Rafael , Lopez-Navas Luis , Muñoz-Escalona María , Martín-López María , Profico Daniela Celeste , Blanco Manuel Francisco , Giorgetti Alessandra , González-Muñoz Elena , Márquez-Rivas Javier , Sanchez-Pernaute Rosario 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Intraventricular hemorrhage is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. The rupture of the germinal zone into the ventricles entails loss of neural stem cells and disturbs the normal cytoarchitecture of the region, compromising late neurogliogenesis. Here we demonstrate that neural stem cells can be easily and robustly isolated from the hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid obtained during therapeutic neuroendoscopic lavage in preterm infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage. Our analyses demonstrate that these neural stem cells, although similar to human fetal cell lines, display distinctive hallmarks related to their regional and developmental origin in the germinal zone of the ventral forebrain, the ganglionic eminences that give rise to interneurons and oligodendrocytes. These cells can be expanded, cryopreserved, and differentiated in vitro and in vivo in the brain of nude mice and show no sign of tumoral transformation 6 months after transplantation. This novel class of neural stem cells poses no ethical concerns, as the fluid is usually discarded, and could be useful for the development of an autologous therapy for preterm infants, aiming to restore late neurogliogenesis and attenuate neurocognitive deficits. Furthermore, these cells represent a valuable tool for the study of the final stages of human brain development and germinal zone biology.

Significance statement Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), occurring in 15% to 40% of preterm births, is frequently associated with long-term neurological deficits. The rupture of the proliferative germinal zone in IVH disturbs late neuronal, ependymal, and glio-genesis. Using a minimally invasive neuroendoscopic procedure, neural stem cells can be retrieved from the cerebrospinal fluid, which can be expanded, cryopreserved, and differentiated in vitro and in vivo, and are not tumorigenic. These cells display distinct hallmarks related to their origin in the germinal zone of the ventral forebrain and could be useful for the development of an autologous cell therapy aiming to attenuate neurocognitive sequelae.