bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Развитие критического мышления в современном российском обществе: что дает университет?
Authors: Корешникова Юлия Николаевна 
Published: January 2020

Важность развития критического мышления признана членами всех общественных институтов. Особенно подчеркивают необходимость наличия навыков критического мышления представители рынка труда, для которого готовит кадры в основном система высшего образования. Поэтому перед вузами стоит задача сформировать у выпускников необходимый уровень критического мышления. Но несмотря на широкое признание важности развития критического мышления, в России проводится мало исследований, направленных на изучение условий, способствующих развитию этого навыка. Согласно результатам зарубежных исследователей, для развития критического мышления необходимы участие студентов в проектной деятельности (как групповой, так и индивидуальной) и выступления с презентациями. Учитывая культурные различия российских и западных студентов, а также различия в образовательных традициях в России и за рубежом, затруднительно напрямую переносить результаты зарубежных исследований на российскую действительность. Целью данной статьи является исследование связи проектной деятельности студентов и выступлений с презентациями с развитием критического мышления в российских вузах. Исследование проводилось на результатах проекта SuperTest, в рамках которого сравнивались образовательные достижения студентов инженерных специальностей технических вузов России, Китая и США. С помощью регрессионного анализа было доказано, что ситуация в российских вузах отличается от ситуации за рубежом: в нашем случае уровень развития критического мышления отрицательно связан с проектной деятельностью студентов и выступлениями с презентациями.
Благодарность. Автор выражает глубокую благодарность за помощь в подготовке статьи научному руководителю Исаку Давидовичу Фрумину, директору Института образования НИУ ВШЭ, а также Евгению Андреевичу Терентьеву, академическому директору аспирантской школы по образованию НИУ ВШЭ.
Общественные советы при органах исполнительной власти: эксперты, контролеры или мирские челобитчики?
Authors: Дьякова Елена Григорьевна , Трахтенберг Анна Давидовна 
Published: January 2020

В статье рассматривается, каким образом члены общественных советов при исполнительных органах власти конструируют собственную идентичность. Авторы описывают и анализируют глобальную нормативную модель совещательно-консультативных органов как структур, обеспечивающих органы государственной власти внешней экспертизой. Показано, как в процессе адаптации на отечественной почве эта неолиберальная модель была скрещена с советской моделью надзора за деятельностью власти как формой гражданского участия, что сформировало модель общественных советов как субъектов общественного контроля.
На основе эмпирического исследования сделан вывод, что члены общественных советов видят себя не экспертами (в соответствии с глобальной нормативной моделью) и не субъектами общественного контроля, а посредниками между властью и народом, чья функция состоит в доведении до органов власти жалоб и озабоченности рядовых граждан, то есть ориентированы на традиционную модель отношения власти и общества.
Благодарность. Авторы выражают благодарность Фонду президентских грантов за поддержку проекта «Общественные советы в органах исполнительной власти: формирование и эффективность деятельности (на примере Свердловской области)» (договор № 17-2-008921), по итогам которого была подготовлена статья. Также авторы благодарят О.В. Рыбакову и О.А. Коневу (Фонд «Социум», г. Екатеринбург) за помощь в организации интервьюирования.
Помогающие и счастливые? Влияние социальной активности на счастье людей старше 50 лет в европейских странах
Authors: Синявская Оксана Вячеславовна , Червякова Анна Александровна , Карева Дарья Евгеньевна 
Published: January 2020

В контексте старения населения повышение субъективного благополучия старшего поколения как важной характеристики качества жизни становится одним из целевых ориентиров социальной политики в развитых странах. При этом значимым фактором субъективного благополучия в старшем возрасте выступают социальные связи, социальная активность. В статье оценивается влияние формальной и неформальной социальной активности на уровень счастья лиц в возрасте 50 лет и старше в европейских странах и в России. Основу анализа составили данные шестой волны Европейского социального исследования (ЕСИ, 2012 г.) Для учета межстрановой вариации авторы использовали методы многоуровневого моделирования. Результаты исследования показали, что на уровень счастья лиц старшего возраста обе компоненты социальной активности оказывают положительное влияние, но больший эффект имеет неформальная социальная активность (контакты с друзьями и родственниками), чем формальная (волонтерская деятельность). Значительная часть доверительных интервалов межстрановых остатков модели не пересекает ноль, что свидетельствует о значимых различиях в уровне счастья между странами и подтверждает целесообразность применения выбранных методов анализа.
Благодарность. Исследование осуществлено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ в 2019 году.
Oxygen Consumption Rate of Polychaeta Nereis sp. Different Sizes and Type of Feed
Authors: Wibowo Eko Setio , Palupi Endah Sri , Puspitasari I G A Ayu Ratna , Atang Atang 
Published: January 2020

Nereis sp. contains amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids that can improve the quality of gamete stem cells and the quality of the resulting larvae. Nereis sp. can increase gamete cell maturation in the parent shrimp up to 70%. This triggers the exploitation these worms excessively in nature since there are no cultivation efforts to meet their needs. This condition encourages research on the biological aspects of Nereis sp. to complement the information that can support the cultivation of the worms. This research was conducted on Nereis sp. from the Jeruklegi Cilacap area with different types of feed. This study aims to determine the metabolic rate of the worms Nereis sp. at different sizes by giving different types of feed. This research use immature Nereis sp. which was maintained at 15 ppt salinity with three different body weight (0.3-0.6 g; 1.1-1.3 g and 1.8-2.04 g) with three different types of feed (D0 feed, feed flour of Spirulina sp. and ornamental fish feed tetra blitsz). The study was conducted experimentally with a randomized block design (RBD) method with six replications. The results showed the rate of oxygen consumption of Nereis sp. influenced by the size and type of feed given (P<0.05). Nereis sp. with size of 0.3-0.6 gr indicates the highest metabolic rate. Nereis sp. fed with flour of Spirulina sp. shows the highest metabolic rate. Appropriate feed to support the growth of Nereis sp. is D0 and tetra blits (low fiber feed).
Biokonsentrasi Timbal (Pb) pada Hepatopankreas, Insang dan Daging Penaeus merguiensis di Teluk Kelabat Bagian Luar
Authors: Tawa Derra Alianie , Afriyansyah Budi , Ihsan Muhammad , Nugraha Mohammad Agung 
Published: January 2020

Illegal tin mining or unconventional mining activities produce tailings. Tailings contain dangerous heavy metals one of which is Lead (Pb). The increasing concentration of Pb in the waters will also increase its concentration in the body of the biota, one of which is shrimp. The purpose of this study was to analyse the Pb content in gills, hepatopancreas and muscle in Penaeus merguiensis, analyse the Pb content in water and sediments, measure the ability of Penaeus merguiensis in accumulating Pb in water and sediments, and determine the safe limit for consumption. Shrimp, water and sediment samples were analysed using AAS. The results showed that the highest Pb concentration in Penaeus merguiensis was hepatopancreas> gill> meat, with an average range of 0,1897–0,4064 mg/kg, gills 0,2424-0,4770 mg/kg, and meat 0,1348-0,1636 mg/kg. The average Pb concentration in water ranged from 0,2624 to 0,5713 mg/L, while the sediment ranged from 0,2783 to 0,9760 mg/kg. The ability of Penaeus merguensis to accumulate Pb included in the low category. The value of daily intake is around 9,760-11,128 kg/week. Aktivitas penambangan timah illegal atau tambang inkonvensional menghasilkan sisa limbah buangan (Tailing). Tailing mengandung logam berat berbahaya salah satunya Timbal (Pb). Meningkatnya konsentrasi Pb di perairan akan meningkat pula konsentrasinya dalam tubuh biota, salah satunya udang. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kandungan Pb pada insang, hepatopankreas dan daging pada Penaeus merguiensis, menganalisis kandungan Pb pada air dan sedimen, mengukur kemampuan Penaeus merguiensis dalam mengakumulasikan Pb di air dan sedimen, dan menentukan nilai batas aman konsumsi. Sampel udang, air dan sedimen dianalisis menggunakan AAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi Pb tertinggi pada Penaeus merguiensis adalah hepatopankreas>insang>daging, dengan kisaran rata-rata 0,1897–0,4064 mg/kg, insang 0,2424-0,4770 mg/kg, dan daging 0,1348-0,1636 mg/kg. Konsentrasi Pb rata-rata dalam air berkisar antara 0,2624-0,5713 mg/L, sementara sedimen berkisar dari 0,2783-0,9760 mg/kg. Kemampuan Penaeus merguensis untuk mengakumulasi Pb termasuk dalam kategori rendah. Nilai asupan harian sekitar 9,760-11,128 kg/minggu.
Vplyv výskumne ladeného prístupu na rozvoj spôsobilostí vedeckej práce žiakov nižšieho sekundárneho stupňa vzdelávania
Authors: Kotuľáková Katarina , Dlholucký Dávid , Palicová Lucia , Šprláková Lenka 
Published: January 2020

Kurikulárne dokumenty zdôrazňujú dôležitosť poznania prírodovedných konceptov i rozvoja spôsobilostí vedeckej práce (SVP) ako nástrojov potrebných na zmysluplné porozumenie vedeckým konceptom. Zdá sa, že dôležitú úlohu v tomto procese zohráva výskumne ladený prístup k prírodovednému vzdelávaniu. Cieľom nášho výskumného šetrenia bolo zistiť vplyv takto upraveného prírodovedného obsahu na rozvoj SVP žiakov, ktorí nemali žiadnu predchádzajúcu skúsenosť s vyššie uvedeným spôsobom učenia sa (experimentálna skupina) a výsledky porovnať s úrovňou SVP žiakov, ktorí používali tradičný materiál (učebnice) a v našom vzdelávacom kontexte stále dominantné deduktívne na učiteľa orientované vyučovanie (kontrolná skupina). Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 80 žiakov ôsmeho ročníka základnej školy. Analyzovali sme pracovné záznamy žiakov experimentálnej skupiny. Po intervencii obe skupiny absolvovali test s konceptuálnymi úlohami mapujúcimi úroveň SVP. Výsledky ukázali výrazný vplyv výskumne ladeného prístupu na rozvoj SVP žiakov, predovšetkým tých, ktoré dosahovali na začiatku veľmi nízku úspešnosť, a to spôsobilosti navrhovať postupy na overenie formulovanej hypotézy a spôsobilosti usudzovať. Identifikovali sme tiež spoločné charakteristiky problematických SVP. Zistenia prispievajú do diskusie o opodstatnenosti investovania do procesuálnej stránky prírodovedného vzdelávania.
Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
Authors: Farooq Adeel , Habib Mustafa , Mahboob Abid , Nazeer Waqas , Kang Shin Min 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDendrimers have an incredibly strong potential because their structure allows multivalent frameworks, i.e. one dendrimer molecule has many possible destinations to couple to a functioning species. Researchers expected to utilize the hydrophobic conditions of the dendritic media to lead photochemical responses that make the things that are artificially tested. Carboxylic acid and phenol- terminated water-dissolvable dendrimers were joined to set up their utility in tranquilize conveyance and furthermore driving compound reactions in their inner parts. This may empower scientists to associate both concentrating on atoms and medication particles to the equivalent dendrimer, which could diminish negative manifestations of prescriptions on sound and health cells. Topological indices are numerical numbers associated with the graphs of dendrimers and are invariant up to graph isomorphism. These numbers compare certain physicochemical properties like boiling point, strain energy, stability, etc. of a synthetic compound. There are three main types of topological indices, i.e degree-based, distance-based and spectrum-based. In this paper, our aim is to compute some degree-based indices and polynomials for some dendrimers and polyomino chains. We computed redefined first, second and third Zagreb indices of PAMAM dendrimers PD1, PD2, and DS1 and linear Polyomino chain Ln , Zigzag Polyomino chain Zn, polyomino chain with n squares and of m segments $B_{n}^{1}$and $B_{n}^{2}$We also computed some Zagreb polynomials of understudy dendrimers and chains.
The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
Authors: Szewczyk Katarzyna , Kalemba Danuta , Miazga-Karska Małgorzata , Krzemińska Barbara , Dąbrowska Agnieszka , Nowak Renata 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe horticultural cultivars of Hemerocallis (daylily) have been used to treat diseases such as insomnia, inflammation and depression, and also as a vegetable in eastern Asia. Taking into consideration the fact, that the volatile compounds in Hemerocallis cultivars have not been investigated to date, we decided to study the composition of the essential oils (EOs) from the aerial parts of ten varieties collecting in Poland. EOs, obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by GC/MS method that resulted in identification of 23-36 volatile compounds comprising 89.5%–96.3% of the total amount. The essential oils differed in their composition and they can be classified into three groups. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of EOs were also evaluated. Gram-negative strains were most strongly inhibited by all tested oils. Two model systems have been used for the antioxidant efficacy, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH•) andβ-carotene bleaching assays. The essential oils with the high presence of oxygenated monoterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons showed higher antioxidant activity. The chemical composition of EOs of Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity is reported for the first time. Thus, the findings presented here suggest that the aerial parts of Hemerocallis cultivars may be candidates for the development of new phytomedicine.
Why Do People Use Digital Applications? A Qualitative Analysis of Usage Goals and Psychological Need Fulfillment
Authors: Zimmermann Sina , Gerber Nina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For many people, digital applications, especially messengers, social networks and cloud services, have become an important part of their daily life. Although most users express privacy concerns regarding the use of digital applications, their concerns do not prevent users from sharing personal information with such applications. A reason for this seemingly paradoxical behavior could be that users pursue certain goals when they are using these applications, which possibly overweigh their privacy concerns. We thus conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 users, with most of them being psychology students, to investigate why they use digital applications (i. e., messengers, social networks, cloud services, digital assistants, and Smart TVs) and what psychological needs they aim to fulfill by using these applications. Our study further included a card sorting task, in which the participants ranked the relevance of ten psychological needs for each of the investigated digital applications they reported to use. Using open coding for the analysis of the interview questions, and a quantitative analysis of the card sorting task, we identified four main psychological needs people aim to fulfill by using digital applications: (1) relatedness-belongingness, (2) competence-effectance, (3) pleasure-stimulation, and (4) autonomy-independence, and four additional psychological needs which are application-specific: (5) security, (6) popularity-influence, (7) self-actualization-meaning, and (8) money-luxury. Besides this, we identified several concerns (e. g., data abuse, privacy invasion, and eavesdropping) and reasons why people refrain from using certain digital applications (i. e., the lack of benefits, malfunction, high costs, and the fear of being eavesdropped on). The fulfillment of the psychological needs seem to overweigh those privacy concerns and play a major role for people’s intention to use digital applications, which is why users will not use alternative privacy friendly applications if these do not allow for the fulfillment of those needs in the same way established applications do.
CogniPGA: Longitudinal Evaluation of Picture Gesture Authentication with Cognition-Based Intervention
Authors: Katsini Christina , Avouris Nikolaos , Fidas Christos 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
There is evidence that the visual behavior of users when creating graphical passwords affects the password strength. Adopting a cognitive style perspective in the interpretation of the results of recent studies revealed that users, depending on their cognitive style, follow different visual exploration paths when creating graphical passwords which affected the password strength. To take advantage of the inherent abilities of people, we proposed CogniPGA, a cued-recall graphical authentication scheme where a cognition-based intervention using gaze data is applied. This paper presents the longitudinal evaluation of the proposed scheme in terms of security, memorability, and usability from a cognitive style perspective. Results strengthen the assumptions that understanding and using the inherent cognitive characteristics of users could enable the design of user-first authentication schemes, where no compromises need to be made on security for benefiting usability or the other way around.
OMG I’m Laughing so Hard – Alienation in Digital Communication and Potential Countermeasures
Authors: Quintes Cedric , Ullrich Daniel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nowadays communication is largely dominated by digital text-based channels which naturally only transfer a small part of the information that is present in face-to-face conversations. In particular, information about the communication partner’s emotional state, which is naturally expressed through facial expressions, body language and other non-verbal indicators, can hardly be transferred. Approaches such as emojis address this issue by allowing the sender to show how he (for reasons of readability, the pronoun “he” addresses all genders equally) feels by selecting an appropriate (smiley) face. However, the crucial difference is that this smiley must be deliberately chosen and does not necessarily represent an authentic expression of the sender’s emotional state. The present paper discusses typical challenges and misunderstandings of communication in the digital era by the example of chat communication. It reflects its ramifications on the perceived authenticity of the transferred emotions and discusses possible (technology-based) approaches towards a more direct, authentic way of communication.
Emerging Trends in Usable Security and Privacy
Authors: Alt Florian , von Zezschwitz Emanuel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
New technologies are constantly becoming part of our everyday life. At the same time, designers and developers still often do not consider the implications of their design choices on security and privacy. For example, new technologies generate sensitive data, enable access to sensitive data, or can be used in malicious ways. This creates a need to fundamentally rethink the way in which we design new technologies. While some of the related opportunities and challenges have been recognized and are being addressed by the community, there is still a need for a more holistic understanding. In this editorial, we will address this by (1) providing a brief historical overview on the research field of ‘Usable Security and Privacy’; (2) deriving a number of current and future trends; and (3) briefly introducing the articles that are part of this special issue and describing how they relate to the current trends and what researchers and practitioners can learn from them.
Bastiat as a Social Scientist
Authors: Leroux Robert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article argues that, notwithstanding views to the contrary, Frédéric Bastiat (Bayonne, 1801; Rome, 1850) was indeed a man of science. Thus, in several of his essays he showed that political economy can attain a level of scientific rigor comparable in many respects to that of the natural sciences. Subscribing to the principle of methodological individualism, he offered some persuasive explanations for why people believe in a multitude of things. After examining science as Bastiat conceived it, we shall look at two important examples, mechanization and rational voting.
Simplifying the Complexities of Negligence Law – A Joint Academic/Judicial Proposal
Authors: Gilead Israel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOver a century, common law judges, academics, and practitioners have struggled with the complexities of negligence law. All agree that negligence liability is imposed on a defendant whose unreasonable conduct caused foreseeable harm to the plaintiff, and who owed a duty of care to the plaintiff. But views differ considerably as to the meaning and role of each element (unreasonable conduct, harm causation, duty), the test and the relevant considerations that should be applied to each, the interrelation between these elements, and the meaning and role of the foreseeability requirement in each element. Against this background, the author has argued for years that the above complexities can be easily solved by a simplified model of negligence. Recently the author’s model has been embraced by Israeli justices and judges. The article presents the proposed model, explains how it solves the described complexities, and fends off criticism. It then demonstrates the model’s operation by applying it to the 2018 SCC’s decision in the Rankin case. A glimpse at the Third Restatement on Torts shows that it steers in the same direction, as evidenced by an analysis of the Palsgraf case and the unforeseeable plaintiff question. Following a short overview of leading British cases from Donoghue to the 2018 decision in Robinson, it is argued that a shift to the proposed model would be a natural evolution that can be easily achieved. In contrast, it is argued that Canadian law has moved in another direction, for incorrect reasons. The model is then compared with another reform recently suggested in the literature. Finally, fault-based liability in continental Europe is viewed from the perspective of the proposed model.