bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moist shallow‐water response to tropical forcing: Initial‐value problems
Authors: Suhas D.L. , Sukhatme Jai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe response of a spherical moist shallow‐water system to tropical imbalances in the presence of inhomogeneous saturation fields is examined. While the initial moist response is similar to the dry reference run, albeit with a reduced equivalent depth, the long‐time solution depends quite strikingly on the nature of the saturation field. For a saturation field that depends only on latitude, specifically one with a peak at the Equator and which falls off meridionally in both hemispheres, height imbalances adjust to large‐scale, low‐frequency westward‐propagating modes. When the background saturation environment is also allowed to vary with longitude, in addition to a westward quadrupole, there is a distinct eastward‐propagating response at long times. The nature of this eastward‐propagating mode is well described by moist potential vorticity conservation and it consists of wave packets that arc out to the midlatitudes and return to the Tropics, and are predominantly rotational in character. In all the moist cases, initially formed Kelvin waves decay, and this appears to be tied to the mostly off‐equatorial organization of moisture anomalies by rotational modes. Many of these basic features carry over to the response in the presence of realistic saturation fields derived from reanalysis‐based precipitable water. Considering an imbalance in the equatorial Indian Ocean in the boreal summer, the long‐time eastward response is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere and takes the form of a wave train that passes over the Indian landmass into the Subtropics, reaching across the Pacific to North America. In the boreal winter, the eastward mode consists of a subtropically confined rotational quadrupole along with the midlatitudinal disturbances. Thus, in addition to circumnavigating westward Rossby waves, slow eastward‐propagating modes appear to be a robust feature of the shallow‐water system with interactive moisture in the presence of saturation fields that vary with latitude and longitude.
Selecting relevant effects in factorial designs
Authors: Grima Pere , Rodero Lourdes , Tort‐Martorell Xavier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIndustrial contexts tend to be as much or more concerned about the probability of ignoring an effect when its influence on the response is relevant (Type II error) than about the probability of considering an effect to be active when in fact, it is not (Type I error). Here, we present a methodology for taking into account both types of error by fixing an effect value that is considered large enough to control the probability of it going unnoticed. In addition, we propose a plot to visualize the results obtained.
Maintaining a high degree of research productivity at a predominately undergraduate institution as your career advances
Authors: Shields George C. , Feller Scott E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this perspective, two experienced academic administrators who are computational chemists discuss strategies for how to maintain an active research program at a predominately undergraduate institution as your career progresses. More responsibility equates to less time for research, so planning for research to remain a priority is essential. We all have the same amount of time, so figuring out how to use yours better is the key to remaining active. Professional organizations such as Council on Undergraduate Research, consortia of computational chemists such as Molecular Education and Research Consortium in computational chemistRY and Midwest Undergraduate Computational Chemistry Consortium, and attendance at professional conferences can help sustain your research program. Collaborations with faculty at other institutions provide a particularly effective accountability mechanism as well. Perhaps the best way to improve your productivity is to become a better mentor to your undergraduate students. Building a research group that is fun and exciting develops a culture that sustains itself and provides the momentum necessary to maintain progress toward scientific goals.
High‐order internal model‐based iterative learning control design for nonlinear distributed parameter systems
Authors: Gu Panpan , Tian Senping 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article deals with the problem of iterative learning control algorithm for a class of nonlinear parabolic distributed parameter systems (DPSs) with iteration‐varying desired trajectories. Here, the variation of the desired trajectories in the iteration domain is described by a high‐order internal model. According to the characteristics of the systems, the high‐order internal model‐based P‐type learning algorithm is constructed for such nonlinear DPSs, and furthermore, the corresponding convergence theorem of the presented algorithm is established. It is shown that the output trajectory can converge to the desired trajectory in the sense of (L2,λ)‐norm along the iteration axis within arbitrarily small error. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Invalidated identities: The disconfirming effects of racial microaggressions on Black doctoral students in STEM
Authors: Miles Monica L. , Brockman Amanda J. , Naphan‐Kingery Dara E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBlack students face repeated racial microaggressions that may challenge their mental health and academic performance in engineering doctoral programs. Researchers attribute this to stereotypes and institutional climates that juxtapose their STEM and racial identities as incongruent. In this article, we analyzed the perceptions of environmental, behavioral, and verbal racial microaggressions of 33 Black doctoral students and postdocs, with a focus on their interactions with non‐Black peers. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with Black doctoral students from 11 Predominantly White Institutions in the United States. To analyze the experiences of our participants, we utilized two theoretical frameworks: Racial microaggressions and identity nonverification. Across the interviews, participants described various forms of racial microaggressions that greatly challenged their sense of belonging and identities as engineers. This research affirms the need to develop initiatives at the departmental and institutional levels to encourage more inclusive spaces for diverse students in STEM doctoral programs and to combat the types of exclusionary practices found in this study.
Expanded roles for the MutL family of DNA mismatch repair proteins
Authors: Furman Christopher M. , Elbashir Ryan , Alani Eric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe MutL family of DNA mismatch repair proteins plays a critical role in excising and repairing misincorporation errors during DNA replication. In many eukaryotes, members of this family have evolved to modulate and resolve recombination intermediates into crossovers during meiosis. In these organisms, such functions promote the accurate segregation of chromosomes during the meiosis I division. What alterations occurred in MutL homolog (MLH) family members that enabled them to acquire these new roles? In this review, we present evidence that the yeast Mlh1–Mlh3 and Mlh1–Mlh2 complexes have evolved novel enzymatic and nonenzymatic activities and protein–protein interactions that are critical for their meiotic functions. Curiously, even with these changes, these complexes retain backup and accessory roles in DNA mismatch repair during vegetative growth.
Low‐rank linear fluid‐structure interaction discretizations
Authors: Weinhandl Roman , Benner Peter , Richter Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFluid‐structure interaction models involve parameters that describe the solid and the fluid behavior. In simulations, there often is a need to vary these parameters to examine the behavior of a fluid‐structure interaction model for different solids and different fluids. For instance, a shipping company wants to know how the material, a ship's hull is made of, interacts with fluids at different Reynolds and Strouhal numbers before the building process takes place. Also, the behavior of such models for solids with different properties is considered before the prototype phase. A parameter‐dependent linear fluid‐structure interaction discretization provides approximations for a bundle of different parameters at one step. Such a discretization with respect to different material parameters leads to a big block‐diagonal system matrix that is equivalent to a matrix equation as discussed in [1]. The unknown is then a matrix which can be approximated using a low‐rank approach that represents the iterate by a tensor. This paper discusses a low‐rank GMRES variant and a truncated variant of the Chebyshev iteration. Bounds for the error resulting from the truncation operations are derived. Numerical experiments show that such truncated methods applied to parameter‐dependent discretizations provide approximations with relative residual norms smaller than 10−8 within a twentieth of the time used by individual standard approaches.
Irreversibility and alternate minimization in phase field fracture: a viscosity approach
Authors: Almi Stefano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work is devoted to the analysis of convergence of an alternate (staggered) minimization algorithm in the framework of phase field models of fracture. The energy of the system is characterized by a nonlinear splitting of tensile and compressive strains, featuring non-interpenetration of the fracture lips. The alternating scheme is coupled with an $$L^{2}$$

L
2

-penalization in the phase field variable, driven by a viscous parameter $$\delta >0$$

δ
>
0

, and with an irreversibility constraint, forcing the monotonicity of the phase field only w.r.t. time, but not along the whole iterative minimization. We show first the convergence of such a scheme to a viscous evolution for $$\delta >0$$

δ
>
0

and then consider the vanishing viscosity limit $$\delta \rightarrow 0$$

δ
→
0

.
The Ability of the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score to Predict Mobility, Length of Stay and Mortality in Hospital, and Discharge Destination in Patients Admitted with a Hip Fracture
Authors: Lisk Radcliffe , Yeong Keefai , Fluck David , Fry Christopher H. , Han Thang S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS) has been developed for predicting 30-day and 1-year mortality after hip fracture. We hypothesise that NHFS may also predict other adverse events. Data from 666 patients (190 men, 476 women), aged 60.2–103.4 years, admitted with a hip fracture to a single centre from 1/10/2015 and 7/12/2017 were analysed. The ability of NHFS to predict mobility within 1 day after surgery, length of stay (LOS) find mortality, and discharge destination was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves and two-graph plots. The area under the curve (95% confidence interval [CI]) for predicting mortality was 67.4% (58.4–76.4%), prolonged LOS was 59.0% (54.0–64.0%), discharge to residential/nursing care was 62.3% (54.0–71.5%), and any two of failure to mobilise, prolonged LOS or discharge to residential/nursing care was 64.8% (59.0–70.6%). NHFS thresholds at 4 and 7 corresponding to the lower and upper limits of intermediate range where sensitivity and specificity equal 90% were identified for mortality and prolonged LOS, and 4 and 6 for discharge to residential/nursing care, which were used to create three risk categories. Compared with the low risk group (NHFS = 0–4), the high risk group (NHFS = 7–10 or 6–10) had increased risk of in-patient mortality: rates = 2.0% versus 7.1%, OR (95% CI) = 3.8 (1.5–9.9), failure to mobilise within 1 day of surgery: rates = 18.9% versus 28.3%, OR = 1.7 (1.0–2.8), prolonged LOS (> 17 days): rates = 20.3% versus 33.9%, OR = 2.2 (1.3–3.3), discharge to residential/nursing care: rates = 4.5% vs 12.3%, OR = 3.0 (1.4–6.4), and any two of failure to mobilise, prolonged LOS or discharge to residential/nursing care: rates = 10.5% versus 28.6%, 3.4 (95% CI 1.9–6.0), and stayed 4.1 days (1.5–6.7 days) longer in hospital. High NHFS associates with increased risk of mortality, prolonged LOS and discharge to residential/nursing care, lending further support for its use to identify adverse events.
Glycosylated fibronectin as a first trimester marker for gestational diabetes
Authors: Alanen Julia , Appelblom Heidi , Korpimaki Teemu , Kouru Heikki , Sairanen Mikko , Gissler Mika , Ryynanen Markku , Nevalainen Jaana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the performance of first trimester maternal serum glycosylated (Sambucus nigra lectin-reactive) fibronectin in prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods
In this case–control study, first trimester maternal serum glycosylated fibronectin and fibronectin were measured in 19 women who consequently developed GDM and in 59 control women with normal pregnancy outcomes. Adiponectin was used as a reference protein to evaluate relation of glycoprotein to SNA-lectin-reactive assay format. Samples were taken during gestational weeks 9+6–11+6. Data concerning GDM was obtained from the National Institute for Health and Welfare, which records the pregnancy outcomes of all women in Finland.

Results
There was no difference in maternal serum glycosylated fibronectin concentrations between women with consequent GDM [447.5 μg/mL, interquartile range (IQR) 254.4–540.9 μg/mL] and control women (437.6 μg/mL, IQR 357.1–569.1 μg/mL). Maternal serum fibronectin levels were significantly lower in GDM group (224.2 μg/mL, IQR 156.8–270.6 μg/mL), compared to the control group (264.8 μg/mL, IQR 224.6–330.6 μg/mL, p < 0.01). There was no difference in assay formats for adiponectin.

Conclusion
There was no association between first trimester maternal serum glycosylated (SNA-reactive) fibronectin and GDM.
Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: associations with personal history of nausea and affected relatives
Authors: Laitinen Linda , Nurmi Miina , Ellilä Pauliina , Rautava Päivi , Koivisto Mari , Polo-Kantola Päivi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To examine whether personal history of nausea or history of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) in relatives are risk factors for a woman to suffer from NVP. Further, to evaluate if these factors are associated with the severity of NVP.

Methods
Cohort study of 2411 pregnant women recruited from maternity health care clinics. The severity of NVP was categorized according to Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) questionnaire into no/mild/moderate/severe NVP. History of nausea was assessed in connection with motion sickness, seasickness, migraine or other kinds of headache, after anesthesia, related to the use of contraceptives, and other kinds of nausea. History of NVP in relatives was categorized into first-degree (mother/sister) and second-degree relatives (more distant).

Results
In multivariable analysis including previous personal history of nausea, motion sickness (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.81–5.56, p < 0.0001) and nausea in migraine (OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.86–5.45, p < 0.0001) were associated with severe NVP. History of nausea in other kinds of headache was associated with moderate NVP (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.34–2.72, p = 0.001). Women with affected first-degree relatives had higher odds for moderate (OR 3.84, 95% CI 2.72–5.40) and severe (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.92–5.28) NVP (p < 0.0001). All these results remained significant after adjusting for parity, body mass index, smoking, employment and age.

Conclusion
Women with personal history of nausea or family history of NVP have an increased susceptibility of NVP. This information is useful in pre-pregnancy counselling.
Telling friend from foe in emergency vertigo and dizziness: does season and daytime of presentation help in the differential diagnosis?
Authors: Jahn Klaus , Kreuzpointner Antoanela , Pfefferkorn Thomas , Zwergal Andreas , Brandt Thomas , Margraf Andreas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDistinguishing between serious (e.g., stroke) and benign (e.g., benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, BPPV) disorders remains challenging in emergency consultations for vertigo and dizziness (VD). A number of clues from patient history and clinical examination, including several diagnostic index tests have been reported recently. The objective of the present study was to analyze frequency and distribution patterns of specific vestibular and non-vestibular diagnoses in an interdisciplinary university emergency room (ER), including data on daytime and season of presentation. A retrospective chart analysis of all patients seen in a one-year period was performed. In the ER 4.23% of all patients presented with VD (818 out of 19,345). The most frequent-specific diagnoses were BPPV (19.9%), stroke/transient ischemic attack (12.5%), acute unilateral vestibulopathy/vestibular neuritis (UVH; 8.3%), and functional VD (8.3%). Irrespective of the diagnosis, the majority of patients presented to the ER between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. There are, however, seasonal differences. BPPV was most prevalent in December/January and rare in September. UVH was most often seen in October/November; absolute and relative numbers were lowest in August. Finally, functional/psychogenic VD was common in summer and autumn with highest numbers in September/October and lowest numbers in March. In summary, daytime of presentation did not distinguish between diagnoses as most patients presented during normal working hours. Seasonal presentation revealed interesting fluctuations. The UVH peak in autumn supports the viral origin of the condition (vestibular neuritis). The BPPV peak in winter might be related to reduced physical activity and low vitamin D. However, it is likely that multiple factors contribute to the fluctuations that have to be disentangled in further studies.
Shrinkage vectors in flowable bulk-fill and conventional composites: bulk versus incremental application
Authors: Kaisarly Dalia , El Gezawi Moataz , Keßler Andreas , Rösch Peter , Kunzelmann Karl-Heinz 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Sufficient depth of cure allows bulk-fill composites to be placed with a 4-mm thickness. This study investigated bulk versus incremental application methods by visualizing shrinkage vectors in flowable bulk-fill and conventional composites.

Materials and methods
Cylindrical cavities (diameter = 6 mm, depth = 4 mm) were prepared in 24 teeth and then etched and bonded with OptiBond FL (Kerr, Italy). The composites were mixed with 2 wt% radiolucent glass beads.
In one group, smart dentin replacement (SDR, Dentsply) was applied in bulk “SDR-bulk” (n = 8). In two groups, SDR and Tetric EvoFlow (Ivoclar Vivadent) were applied in two 2-mm-thick increments: “SDR-incremental” and “EvoFlow-incremental.” Each material application was scanned with a micro-CT before and after light-curing (40 s, 1100 mW/cm2), and the shrinkage vectors were computed via image segmentation. Thereafter, linear polymerization shrinkage, shrinkage stress and gelation time were measured (n = 10).

Results
The greatest shrinkage vectors were found in “SDR-bulk” and “SDR-increment2,” and the smallest were found in “SDR-increment1-covered” and “EvoFlow-increment1-covered.” Shrinkage away from and toward the cavity floor was greatest in “SDR-bulk” and “EvoFlow-increment2,” respectively. The mean values of the shrinkage vectors were significantly different between groups (one-way ANOVA, Tamhane’s T2 test, p < 0.05). The linear polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress were greatest in Tetric EvoFlow, and the gelation time was greatest in “SDR-bulk.”

Conclusions
The bulk application method had greater values of shrinkage vectors and a higher debonding tendency at the cavity floor.

Clinical relevance
Incremental application remains the gold standard of composite insertion.
A novel catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetric method for the determination of germanium ultratraces in the presence of chloranilic acid and the V(IV)·HEDTA complex
Authors: Zarębski Jerzy , Bobrowski Andrzej , Królicka Agnieszka , Gonciarczyk Julia , Manolopoulou Vasiliki , Economou Anastasios 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA novel, sensitive catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedure which can be used to determine trace amounts of germanium is described. The method is based on the interfacial accumulation of the complex formed by Ge(IV) and the product of the reduction of chloranilic acid on the hanging mercury drop electrode or the renewable silver amalgam film electrode, and its subsequent reduction from the adsorbed state followed by the catalytic action of the V(IV)·HEDTA complex. The presence of V(IV)·HEDTA greatly enhances the adsorptive stripping response of Ge. The reduction of the Ge(IV) in the presence of chloranilic acid and V(IV)·HEDTA was investigated in detail and the effects of pH, electrolyte composition, and instrumental parameters were studied. Under optimal conditions, the catalytic peak current of germanium exhibited good linearity for Ge(IV) concentrations in the range of 0.75–60 nM (for 60 s of accumulation at −0.1 V,r2= 0.995) and a low limit of detection (LOD = 0.085 nM). The procedure was successfully applied to determine Ge in water samples.
Characterization of the hydrodynamic functioning of the Degracias-Sicó Karst Aquifer, Portugal
Authors: Paiva Isabel , Cunha Lúcio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA study on the complex processes of hydrogeological transformation of recharge into discharge within a karst system is described. Given the absence of boreholes or points of direct observation, the applied methodology is based on study of the natural response of the main outlet of the karst aquifer, considered here as a black-box. Time series analysis and recession curve analysis are applied to daily time series of rainfall as input, and spring discharge as the output of the aquifer. Daily variations of temperature and electrical conductivity of spring water are considered as well. The present study, an integrated research endeavor, is the first quantitative approach toward understanding the hydrogeological functioning of a large and not-well-known karst aquifer and improving existing knowledge about its internal physical characteristics. The case study is the Degracias-Sicó karst aquifer, in Portugal’s central-western region, which is relatively unknown from the hydrogeological perspective. The response of the karst aquifer’s main spring shows an important component of quick flow after heavy rainfall events and then a very slow recession. This bimodal behavior is proof of the significant spatial complexity and heterogeneity of the karst aquifer, marked by the presence of a conduit-dominated flow throughout a connected conduit network system and the dominance of base flow that confirms the aquifer’s large storage capacity. The results also demonstrate a significant component of delayed flow.