bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of bacterial maxillary sinus cultures between odontogenic sinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yassin‐Kassab Abdulkader , Bhargava Pallavi , Tibbetts Robert J. , Griggs Zachary H. , Peterson Edward I. , Craig John R. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundBacterial odontogenic sinusitis (ODS) is distinct from other forms of rhinosinusitis. Diagnosing ODS can be challenging because of nonspecific clinical presentations and underrepresentation in the literature. The purpose of this study was to compare maxillary sinus bacterial cultures between patients with ODS and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), to determine whether certain bacteria are associated with ODS.MethodsThis was a retrospective case‐control study of 276 consecutive patients from August 2015 to August 2019 who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for bacterial ODS, CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), or CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). When present, pus was sterilely cultured from maxillary sinuses after maxillary antrostomy, and aerobic and anaerobic cultures were immediately sent for processing. Demographics and culture results were compared between ODS and CRS patients, and then separately between ODS and CRSsNP, and ODS and CRSwNP. ODS culture results were also compared between different dental pathologies (endodontic vs oroantral fistula).ResultsThe following bacteria were significantly more likely in ODS compared to CRS: mixed anaerobes, Fusobacterium spp., Eikenella corrodens, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus anginosus, and Streptococcus constellatus. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inversely related to ODS. There were no significant differences in cultures between the different dental pathologies.ConclusionCertain bacteria were more likely to be associated with ODS compared to CRS when purulence was cultured from the maxillary sinus. Physicians should evaluate for an odontogenic source of sinusitis when these ODS‐associated bacteria are identified in maxillary sinus cultures.
Online composition analysis of phase separation solvent for carbon dioxide capture using ATR‐FT‐IR
Authors: Sato Miho , Tran Khuyen Viet Bao , Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Machida Hiroshi , Norinaga Koyo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn amine solvent that undergoes phase change after absorption of CO2 has been studied to reduce the energy consumed during the CO2 capture process. Depending on the components of the solvent, the CO2‐rich phase can be separated for the regeneration step or the component in CO2‐lean phase accelerates the regeneration step in the solvent that undergoes liquid‐liquid phase change. Since the homogeneous solvent separates into two liquid phases after CO2 absorption, an analysis method to track the change in chemical species during the absorption process, especially at the phase separation time, is necessary to illuminate the phenomenon. To establish an online method to analyze the components of the solvent, a Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectrometer equipped with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) probe was used during the CO2 absorption of phase separation solvent composed of amine, ether, and water. The calibration samples of amines, ethers, and CO2‐loaded solutions were used to develop the partial least square regression model. The consumption of reactants, as well as the formation of products, can be monitored quantitatively using the FT‐IR spectra. Utilizing this information, the changes in the chemical species shed light on the phase separation mechanism of this solvent: ether was pushed out of the solvent to form a CO2‐lean phase due to its hydrophobicity, while CO2 and its products along with amine and water remain in the CO2‐rich phase. Without sampling, this rapid and high‐accuracy method is suitable for closed processes, especially for a high‐pressure process.
Environmental Oxygen is a Key Modulator of Development and Evolution: From Molecules to Ecology
Authors: Cordeiro Ingrid Rosenburg , Tanaka Mikiko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOxygen is a key regulator of both development and homeostasis and a promising candidate to bridge the influence of the environment and the evolution of new traits. To clarify the various ways in which oxygen may modulate embryogenesis, its effects are reviewed at distinct organizational levels. First, the role of pathways that sense dioxygen levels and reactive oxygen species are reviewed. Then, the effects of microenvironmental oxygen on metabolism, stemness, and differentiation throughout embryogenesis are discussed. Last, the interplay between ecology and development are reexamined with a focus on the evolution of tetrapods, including during the emergence of a novel mechanism that shapes amniote limbs—interdigital cell death. Both genetic and environmental components work together during the formation of organisms, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for understanding the evolution of new traits.
Optimization of extraction and quantification technique for phenolics content of garlic (Allium sativum): An application for comparative phytochemical evaluation based on cultivar origin
Authors: Ahmad Rizwan , Ahmad Niyaz , Riaz Muhammad , Al‐tarouti Maria , Aloufi Fatimah , AlDarwish Alaa , Alalaq Bayan , Alhanfoush Badriah , Khan Zahid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA range of conventional, i.e. maceration, percolation, ultrasonic assisted, Soxhlet and Soxtec extraction (STE), to advanced extraction techniques of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was utilized for the first time in order to optimize the extract yield and recovery of phenolics—gallic acid (GA), rutin (RT) and quercetin (QT)—quantified via ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (UHPLC–DAD). The effect of solvents (n‐hexane, dichloromethane and methanol) and temperature (60, 80 and 100°C) upon extraction yield, phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS and DPPH) was studied, and the method was validated in commercial food samples from Saudi Arabia, China and India. A high extract yield with percentage recovery was observed for STE (1221.10 mg/5 g; 24.42%) and ASE techniques (91.50 mg/1 g; 9.15%) in methanol at 100°C. UHPLC–DAD showed retention times (min) of 0.67, 1.93 and 1.90 for GA, RT and QT, respectively in the shortest runtime of 3 min. The yield for phenolics was higher for STE/ASE (ppm): 15.27/15.29 (GA), 85.24/37.56 (RT) and 52.20/33.40 (QT), respectively. In terms of antioxidant activities, low IC50 values (μg/ml) of 1.09/1.18 (DPPH), 2.11/5.32 (ABTS) and 4.35/7.88 (phenazine methosulfate–nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) were observed for STE and ASE, respectively. Multivariate analysis for STE showed a significant (P = 0.000) correlation for extraction type vs. extract yield and phenolics content; however, there was no significance for antioxidant activities vs. extraction type. ASE showed a positive correlation for solvent vs. extraction yield, phenolics and antioxidant activity; however, there was no correlation for extraction yield and DPPH activity. Principal component analysis for STE showed a major variability (52.02%) for extraction yield and phenolics in PC1 followed by PC2 (38.30%) for antioxidant activities. For ASE, PC1 (48.68%) showed a positive correlation for solvent vs. extraction yield and phenolics while PC2 (33.12%) showed a positive correlation for temperature and antioxidant activities. STE and ASE were the optimized extraction techniques for the garlic food sample while a significant effect of solvent and temperature was observed upon extraction yield, phenolics and antioxidant activity.
Raltitrexed versus 5‐fluorouracil with cisplatin and concurrent radiotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An open labeled, randomized, controlled, and multicenter clinical trial
Authors: Yan Pengwei , Yin Haitao , Guo Wenjie , Sun Xiangdong , Li Feng , Huang Shengfu , Bian Xiuhua , Wang Feijiang , Zhang Fuzheng , Wang Buhai , Zhou Hongping , Zhou Chong , Yin Li , Jiang Xuesong , Jiang Ning , Wu Jianfeng , Liu Juying , Song Dan , He Xia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of raltitrexed (Saiweijian®) plus cisplatin (SP regimen) and 5‐fluorouracil plus cisplatin (FP regimen) as concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA‐NPC).MethodsEligible patients (N = 135) were allocated randomly in a ratio of 1:1 to receive CCRT with either SP or FP. At least 2 cycles of chemotherapy was administrated during radiotherapy. Progression free survival (PFS) was primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), loco‐regional relapse free survival (LRRFS), distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) and toxicity.ResultsIn this study, 68 patients received SP as CCRT, and 67 received FP. Objective responses were noted in 97.1% of the patients in the SP group and in 97.0% of the patients in the FP group (P = 1.00). At the end of a median 36 months follow‐up period, the estimated 3‐year PFS rates were 70.1% for SP and 66.6% for FP, respectively. The 3‐year LRRFS, DMFS and OS rates were 88.9%, 74.7% and 84.0%, respectively, for the SP group, and 92.3%, 71.0% and 73.7%, respectively, for the FP group. Overall, there was no difference between treatment groups with regard to response or survival. The most frequent acute toxicities monitored in both groups were bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal side effects and oral mucositis (OM). The overall incidence of grade 3‐4 OM in the FP group (47.8%) was higher than in the SP group (11.8%). However, the incidence of other adverse effects observed in both groups was similar (P > .05).ConclusionsThese data indicate that SP and FP therapies have similar efficacy in treating LA‐NPC. The SP regimen showed a tolerable safety profile along with a lower frequency of severe OM and therefore, an improved life quality. In conclusion, SP was a well tolerated, effective, regimen for LA‐NPC treatment.
Importance of doctor‐initiated management of the balance between work and treatment for lung cancer patients: Results of a nationwide survey by the Japan Lung Cancer Society
Authors: Ikeda Satoshi , Ozawa Yuichi , Harada Ken , Hasegawa Kazuo , Shimizu Naomi , Seki Takako , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Mitsudomi Tetsuya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundsSince the recent development of molecular targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors has improved lung cancer treatment options and outcomes, supporting patients in balancing work and pharmacotherapy have become even more important in the field of lung cancer treatment. This study sought to identify the current status and roles of doctors in balancing work and treatment for lung cancer patients.MethodsPatients and doctors were recruited to complete a web‐based questionnaire survey by the Japan Lung Cancer Society.ResultsAbout 287 lung cancer patients and 381 doctors were included in the analysis. About 42.9% of patients responded that “there was no discussion” about their working conditions or work before the initiation of pharmacotherapy, while 22.6% responded that “there was an inquiry from a doctor/health care provider and a discussion that included the doctor was held.” About 45.3% of patients took leave or resigned from work at the time of diagnosis. The most common reasons for patients to resign before or during pharmacotherapy were “poor physical condition due to side effects of treatment or illness” and “concern about causing problems in the workplace.” To assist in balancing work and pharmacotherapy, patients desired “increased opportunities to consult about work” (36.9%) and “provision of treatment options with few adverse events” (28.9%).ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of doctor‐initiated management of the balance between work and treatment for lung cancer patients. An important first step is for doctors themselves to take an interest in their patients' professions and initiate discussions of work‐related topics with their patients.
Antibacterial Flavonoids and Other Compounds from the Aerial Parts of Vernonia guineensis Benth. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Collins Njonte Wouamba Steven , Mouthé Happi Gervais , Nguiam Pouofo Michel , Tchamgoue Joseph , Jouda Jean‐Bosco , Longo Frida , Ndjakou Lenta Bruno , Sewald Norbert , Fogue Kouam Simeon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn extensive phytochemical study of the aerial parts of Vernonia guineensis Benth. (Asteraceae) led to the isolation of a new flavone, vernoguinoflavone and a naturally isolated glycerol ester, eicosanoic acid 2‐hydroxy‐1,3‐propanediyl ester, together with eighteen known secondary metabolites including quercetin, luteolin, vernopicrin, vernomelitensin, β‐amyrin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, lupeol, betulinic acid, β‐carotene, a mixture of stigmasterol and β‐sitosterol, β‐sitosterol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, 2,3‐dihydroxypropyl heptacosanoate, pentacosanoic acid, docosan‐1‐ol, tritriacontan‐1‐ol, and heptatriacontan‐1‐ol. Eleven compounds are reported herein for the first time from this species. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, particularly 1D and 2D NMR, and HR‐ESI‐MS and by comparison of their data with those reported in the literature. The crude extract, fractions and some isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Shigella flexineri (NR 518), Salmonella muenchen, Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 19430). All the tested compounds demonstrated inhibitory activities against the tested enteric bacteria with MIC values ranging from 3.12 to 100 μg/ml. Three flavonoids isolated from the most active fraction demonstrated the best bioactivities against Escherichia coli, Salmonella muenchen and Salmonella typhimurium with MIC values ranging from 3.12 to 25 μg/mL.
Transformations of bio‐sourced 4‐hydroxyphenylpropanoids based on olefin metathesis
Authors: Bilel Hallouma , Hamdi Naceur , Fischmeister Cédric , Bruneau Christian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract4‐Hydroxyphenylpropanoids represent an important class of natural products directly extracted from plants or derived from lignocelullosic materials. They are phenol derivatives equipped with a terminal propenyl group, which is perfectly suited for applications involving olefin metathesis processes. In this review, we show that conditions have been found to achieve their self‐metathesis, cross metathesis as well as some sequential transformations with metathesis as a key step with high yields and controlled stereoselectivities. Some applications in multi‐step synthesis of biological relevant natural products involving metathetic transformations of 4‐hydroxyphenylpropanoids are also reported.
Understanding the Synergistic Effects Observed When Using Tethered Dual Catalysts for Heat and Light Activated Catalysis
Authors: Wang Danfeng , Pernik Indrek , Keaveney Sinead T. , Messerle Barbara A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDual catalysis, where two different catalysts work cooperatively to promote a chemical reaction, is an important synthetic approach as it can allow a wide range of unique reactivity to be accessed. Whilst most dual catalysis strategies utilise separate catalysts in the reaction mixture, there is a growing interest in using tethered dual catalysts to increase cooperativity between the catalytic centres. In this current work we sought to determine the origin of the catalytic synergy observed for a series of Ir(I) based complexes tethered to a BODIPY type photocatalyst through different tethering modes. Kinetic analyses revealed that the tethered dual catalysts were more effective at promoting heat activated intermolecular hydroamination than the un‐tethered analogues. The tethering mode had a significant influence on the magnitude of this synergistic enhancement observed for the hydroamination reaction, likely due to a combination of steric and electronic ligand effects. Investigations into the effect of the tethered dual catalysts on the light activated oxidation of thioanisole demonstrated that chemical tethering leads to substantial increases in photocatalytic activity, which was once again impacted by the tethering mode. The origin of the observed enhancement was found to be due to both increased singlet oxygen generation through the heavy atom effect, as well as direct involvement of the Ir centre in the oxidation reaction pathway.
Sorption of aqueous amino acid species on sulphidic mineral surfaces—DFT study and insights on biosourced‐reagent mineral flotation
Authors: Azizi Dariush , Larachi Faïçal , Garnier Alain , Lagüe Patrick , Levasseur Benoît 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe interaction between the 20 natural amino acids and the surfaces of sphalerite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite was examined in the light of density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The electronic properties of the active functional groups and the equilibrium geometries of the sorbed amino acid species were characterized as a function the 65 species resulting from their (de)protonations. Covalent bonds are predicted between the surface metallic atoms and the carboxyl groups and, though to a lesser extent, with the side and main amino groups. Chemisorption as a determining factor in the uptake of amino acid species was assessed in terms of sorption affinities for the mineral surfaces. The largest affinities result from the carboxyl groups of the deprotonated species at intermediate pH, whereas the fully protonated amino acids in acidic media predict the lowest affinities. Affinity of amino acids towards the mineral surfaces followed the trend: pyrite >> chalcopyrite > sphalerite with speciation‐dependent decreasing sequence: ∼2.5 < pH < ∼9.5; pH > ∼9.5; pH < ∼2.5. By targeting the most suitable amino acid building blocks in bio‐sourced collectors, either high collecting powers or superior selectivities can be aimed at depending on pH for improved separation of sulphidic minerals in flotation processes.
Effective Oral Administration of an Antitumorigenic Nanoformulated Titanium Complex
Authors: Nahari Gilad , Braitbard Ori , Larush Liraz , Hochman Jacob , Tshuva Edit Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAbstract: Orally administered anticancer drugs facilitate treatment, but the acidic conditions in the stomach often challenge their availability. PhenolaTi is a TiIV‐based nontoxic anticancer drug with marked in‐vivo efficacy. We report that nanoformulation protects phenolaTi from decomposition in stomach‐like conditions. This is evidenced by similar NMR characteristics and similar in‐vitro cytotoxicity toward murine (CT‐26) and human (HT‐29) colon cancer cells before and after incubation of nanoformulated phenolaTi (phenolaTi‐F) at pH 2, unlike results with the unformulated form of the complex. Furthermore, administration of phenolaTi‐F in animal drinking water revealed a notable inhibition of tumor growth in Balb/c and immune‐deficient (Nude) mice inoculated with CT‐26 and HT‐29 cells, respectively. In‐vivo efficacy was at least similar to that of the corresponding intraperitoneal treatment with phenolaTi‐F and the clinically employed oral drug, capecitabine. No body weight loss or clinical signs of toxicity were evident in the phenolaTi‐F‐treated animals. These findings demonstrate a new convenient mode of cancer treatment through oral administration by safe titanium‐based drugs.
Polysialic acid in the rat brainstem and thoracolumbar spinal cord: Distribution, cellular location, and comparison with mouse
Authors: Shahbazian Shila , Bokiniec Phillip , Berning Britt A. , McMullan Simon , Goodchild Ann K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolysialic acid (polySia), a homopolymer of α2,8‐linked glycans, is a posttranslational modification on a few glycoproteins, most commonly in the brain, on the neural cell adhesion molecule. Most research in the adult central nervous system has focused on its expression in higher brain regions, where its distribution coincides with regions known to exhibit high levels of synaptic plasticity. In contrast, scant attention has been paid to the expression of polySia in the hindbrain. The main aims of the study were to examine the distribution of polySia immunoreactivity in the brainstem and thoracolumbar spinal cord, to compare the distribution of polySia revealed by two commercial antibodies commonly used for its investigation, and to compare labeling in the rat and mouse. We present a comprehensive atlas of polySia immunoreactivity: we report that polySia labeling is particularly dense in the dorsal tegmentum, medial vestibular nuclei and lateral parabrachial nucleus, and in brainstem regions associated with autonomic function, including the dorsal vagal complex, A5, rostral ventral medulla, A1, and midline raphe, as well as sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord and central targets of primary sensory afferents (nucleus of the solitary tract, spinal trigeminal nucleus, and dorsal horn [DH]). Ultrastructural examination showed labeling was present predominantly on the plasma membrane/within the extracellular space/in or on astrocytes. Labeling throughout the brainstem and spinal cord were very similar for the two antibodies and was eliminated by the polySia‐specific sialidase, Endo‐NF. Similar patterns of distribution were found in rat and mouse brainstem with differences evident in DH.
Mapping of the excitatory, inhibitory, and modulatory afferent projections to the anatomically defined active expiratory oscillator in adult male rats
Authors: Biancardi Vivian , Saini Jashan , Pageni Anileen , Prashaad M. Hema , Funk Gregory D. , Pagliardini Silvia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe lateral parafacial region (pFL; which encompasses the parafacial respiratory group, pFRG) is a conditional oscillator that drives active expiration during periods of high respiratory demand, and increases ventilation through the recruitment of expiratory muscles. The pFLactivity is highly modulated, and systematic analysis of its afferent projections is required to understand its connectivity and modulatory control. We combined a viral retrograde tracing approach to map direct brainstem projections to the putative location of pFL, with RNAScope and immunofluorescence to identify the neurochemical phenotype of the projecting neurons. Within the medulla, retrogradely‐labeled, glutamatergic, glycinergic and GABAergic neurons were found in the ventral respiratory column (Bötzinger and preBötzinger Complex [preBötC], ventral respiratory group, ventral parafacial region [pFV] and pFL), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), reticular formation (RF), pontine and midbrain vestibular nuclei, and medullary raphe. In the pons and midbrain, retrogradely‐labeled neurons of the same phenotypes were found in the Kölliker‐Fuse and parabrachial nuclei, periaqueductal gray, pedunculopontine nucleus (PPT) and laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT). We also identified somatostatin‐expressing neurons in the preBötC and PHOX2B immunopositive cells in the pFV, NTS, and part of the RF. Surprisingly, we found no catecholaminergic neurons in the NTS, A5 orLocus Coeruleus, no serotoninergic raphe neurons nor any cholinergic neurons in the PPT and LDT that projected to the pFL. Our results indicate that pFLneurons receive extensive excitatory and inhibitory inputs from several respiratory and nonrespiratory related brainstem regions that could contribute to the complex modulation of the conditional pFLoscillator for active expiration.