bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How the Suffering of Nonhuman Animals and Humans in Animal Research is Interconnected
Authors: Kranke Nina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the context of animal experimentation, laboratory workers fluctuate between seeing animals used in research as tools or objects and seeing them as sentient living beings. Most laboratory workers do not wholly lose their empathy and their ability to connect with other living beings. To deal with the fact that their job involves harming and killing animals on a regular basis, they employ various coping strategies, such as rationalizing the use of animals in research and minimizing their emotional attachment to the animals. The evidence compiled in this article suggests that researchers, technicians, and caregivers who are involved in animal experimentation experience stress, anxiety, guilt, and trauma. I conclude that inflicting pain and death on nonhuman animals causes laboratory workers to suffer as well. Thus, in animal research, the suffering of nonhuman animals and humans is directly linked. The consideration of human suffering adds another dimension to ethical discussions of animal research, namely the relation between the suffering of human and nonhuman animals. A comprehensive ethical discussion of animal experiments should therefore include the suffering of nonhuman animals, the suffering of humans, and the relation between the two.
The Clinical Importance of Herb-Drug Interactions and Toxicological Risks of Plants and Herbal Products
Authors: Kahraman Cigdem , Ceren Arituluk Zekiye , Irem Tatli Cankaya Iffet 
Published: April 2020

Approximately 70% of the world’s population has been using medicinal herbs as a complementary or alternative medicine that has grown tremendously in both developed and developing countries over the past 20 years (World Health Organization Drugs Strategy 2002–2005). This increase in consumer demand for medicinal plants continues, although scientific data are rare to create safety and efficacy profiles. Its popularity is also related to easy availability, cost-effectiveness leading to better purchasing power, and various factors that perceive that they are generally safe. Herbs are often administered simultaneously with therapeutic drugs for the treatment of major ailments, and herb-drug interactions (HDIs) increase their potential. The main routes proposed for HDIs include cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-mediated inhibition or induction and transport and flow proteins. In our review, we highlighted herbal medicines used for the treatment of various diseases with pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic analysis and case reports together with their adverse effects and herb-drug interactions. Therefore, this review can be used as a quick reference database for physicians and healthcare professionals involved in therapy, aiming to maximize clinical outcomes by reducing the negative and toxic effects of plants along with avoiding herb-drug interactions.
CFSP: a collaborative frequent sequence pattern discovery algorithm for nucleic acid sequence classification
Authors: Peng He 
Published: April 2020

Background
Conserved nucleic acid sequences play an essential role in transcriptional regulation. The motifs/templates derived from nucleic acid sequence datasets are usually used as biomarkers to predict biochemical properties such as protein binding sites or to identify specific non-coding RNAs. In many cases, template-based nucleic acid sequence classification performs better than some feature extraction methods, such as N-gram and k-spaced pairs classification. The availability of large-scale experimental data provides an unprecedented opportunity to improve motif extraction methods. The process for pattern extraction from large-scale data is crucial for the creation of predictive models.

Methods
In this article, a Teiresias-like feature extraction algorithm to discover frequent sub-sequences (CFSP) is proposed. Although gaps are allowed in some motif discovery algorithms, the distance and number of gaps are limited. The proposed algorithm can find frequent sequence pairs with a larger gap. The combinations of frequent sub-sequences in given protracted sequences capture the long-distance correlation, which implies a specific molecular biological property. Hence, the proposed algorithm intends to discover the combinations. A set of frequent sub-sequences derived from nucleic acid sequences with order is used as a base frequent sub-sequence array. The mutation information is attached to each sub-sequence array to implement fuzzy matching. Thus, a mutate records a single nucleotide variant or nucleotides insertion/deletion (indel) to encode a slight difference between frequent sequences and a matched subsequence of a sequence under investigation.

Conclusions
The proposed algorithm has been validated with several nucleic acid sequence prediction case studies. These data demonstrate better results than the recently available feature descriptors based methods based on experimental data sets such as miRNA, piRNA, and Sigma 54 promoters. CFSP is implemented in C++ and shell script; the source code and related data are available at https://github.com/HePeng2016/CFSP.
Preliminary Screening of Bacteria Isolated from Insects Living in Poultry for Antibiotic Production
Authors: Okudo Ifeoma Geraldine , Umedum Chinelo Ursula , Ezekwueche Stephen Nnaemeka , Uba Chibuzo Christian 
Published: April 2020

Aim: This present study was conducted to isolate antibiotic producing bacteria from insects living in poultry.
Place and Duration of Study: Insects living in poultry were collected from poultry farms within Onitsha metropolis in Anambra State between April 2018 and September 2018.
Methodology: The gut of one hundred insects; (Musca domestica and Alphitobius diaperinus) were analyzed. The insects were dissected and emulsified in 10ml of peptone water. The dilutions were cultured on Nutrient agar and Blood agar for 24 h. The bacterial isolates were characterized using molecular identification. The DNA was extracted from the identified isolates and analyzed by 16S rRNA. In preliminary screening, the isolates were inoculated into Muller Hinton agar using agar plug. The promising isolate showing antagonism was subjected to submerged fermentation method and the secondary metabolites were extracted. Screening of the secondary metabolites extract was done using agar well diffusion. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the secondary metabolite was determined using broth dilution method at different concentrations. The inhibitory activity of the organism was checked against four bacteria namely; Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella serovar typhi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Results: The sequence analysis revealed the strains to be Lysinibacillus macroides, Paealcaligenes hermetiae, Bordetella flabilis, Bacillus aerophilus, Klebsiella variicola. Lysinibacillus macroides showed antagonism against the test bacteria during the preliminary test. After fermentation, the secondary metabolite extracts from Lysinibacillus macroides exhibited antibacterial activities against Salmonella Serovar Typhi, Staphyloccus aureus and Bacillus subtilis at different concentrations.
Conclusion: The extracts from bacterial isolate; Lysinibacillus macroides exhibited antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella serovar typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. The extracts may serve as a new drug molecule produced from natural source when purified.
A new congenital multicore titinopathy associated with fast myosin heavy chain deficiency
Authors: Perrin Aurélien , Metay Corinne , Villanova Marcello , Carlier Robert‐Yves , Pegoraro Elena , Juntas Morales Raul , Stojkovic Tanya , Richard Isabelle , Richard Pascale , Romero Norma B. , Granzier Henk , Koenig Michel , Malfatti Edoardo , Cossée Mireille 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCongenital titinopathies are myopathies with variable phenotypes and inheritance modes. Here, we fully characterized, using an integrated approach (deep phenotyping, muscle morphology, mRNA and protein evaluation in muscle biopsies), two siblings with congenital multicore myopathy harboring three TTN variants predicted to affect titin stability and titin‐myosin interactions. Muscle biopsies showed multicores, type 1 fiber uniformity and sarcomeric structure disruption with some thick filament loss. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting revealed a marked reduction of fast myosin heavy chain isoforms. This is the first observation of a titinopathy suggesting that titin defect leads to secondary loss of fast myosin heavy chain isoforms.
Experiences of Patients With Rheumatic Diseases in the United States During Early Days of the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Michaud Kaleb , Wipfler Kristin , Shaw Yomei , Simon Teresa A. , Cornish Adam , England Bryant R. , Ogdie Alexis , Katz Patricia 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivePatients with rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and lupus have increased risk of infection and are treated with medications that may increase this risk yet are also hypothesized to help treat COVID‐19. We set out to understand how the COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted the lives of these patients in the United States.MethodsParticipants in a US‐wide longitudinal observational registry responded to a supplemental COVID‐19 questionnaire by e‐mail on March 25, 2020, about their symptoms, COVID‐19 testing, health care changes, and related experiences during the prior 2 weeks. Analysis compared responses by diagnosis, disease activity, and new onset of symptoms. Qualitative analysis was conducted on optional free‐text comment fields.ResultsOf the 7061 participants invited to participate, 530 responded, with RA as the most frequent diagnosis (61%). Eleven participants met COVID‐19 screening criteria, of whom two sought testing unsuccessfully. Six others sought testing, three of whom were successful, and all test results were negative. Not quite half of participants (42%) reported a change to their care in the prior 2 weeks. Qualitative analysis revealed four key themes: emotions in response to the pandemic, perceptions of risks from immunosuppressive medications, protective measures to reduce risk of COVID‐19 infection, and disruptions in accessing rheumatic disease medications, including hydroxychloroquine.ConclusionAfter 2 weeks, many participants with rheumatic diseases already had important changes to their health care, with many altering medications without professional consultation or because of hydroxychloroquine shortage. As evidence accumulates on the effectiveness of potential COVID‐19 treatments, effort is needed to safeguard access to established treatments for rheumatic diseases.
Mussel‐Inspired Hydrogels for Self‐Adhesive Bioelectronics
Authors: Xie Chaoming , Wang Xiao , He Huan , Ding Yonghui , Lu Xiong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWearable and implantable bioelectronics are receiving a great deal of attention because they offer huge promise in personalized healthcare. Currently available bioelectronics generally rely on external aids to form an attachment to the human body, which leads to unstable performance in practical applications. Self‐adhesive bioelectronics are highly desirable for ameliorating these concerns by offering reliable and conformal contact with tissue, and stability and fidelity in the signal detection. However, achieving adequate and long‐term self‐adhesion to soft and wet biological tissues has been a daunting challenge. Recently, mussel‐inspired hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for the design of self‐adhesive bioelectronics. In addition to self‐adhesiveness, the mussel‐inspired chemistry offers a unique pathway for integrating multiple functional properties to all‐in‐one bioelectronic devices, which have great implications for healthcare applications. In this report, the recent progress in the area of mussel‐inspired self‐adhesive bioelectronics is highlighted by specifically discussing: 1) adhesion mechanism of mussels, 2) mussel‐inspired hydrogels with long‐term and repeatable adhesion, 3) the recent advance in development of hydrogel bioelectronics by reconciling self‐adhesiveness and additional properties including conductivity, toughness, transparency, self‐healing, antibacterial properties, and tolerance to extreme environment, and 4) the challenges and prospects for the future design of the mussel‐inspired self‐adhesive bioelectronics.
Multifunctional Mechanical Metamaterials with Embedded Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Tao Hongcheng , Gibert James 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe flexibility of planar triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) enables them to be embedded into structures with complex geometries and to conform with any deformation of these structures. In return, the embedded TENGs function as either strain‐sensitive active sensors or energy harvesters while negligibly affecting the structure's original mechanical properties. This advantage inspires a new class of multifunctional materials where compliant TENGs are distributed into local operational units of mechanical metamaterial, dubbed TENG‐embedded mechanical metamaterials. This new class of metamaterial inherits the advantages of a traditional mechanical metamaterial, in that the deformation of the internal topology of material enables unusual mechanical properties. The concept is illustrated with experimental investigations and finite element simulations of prototypes based on two exemplar metamaterial geometries where functions of self‐powered sensing, energy harvesting, as well as the designated mechanical behavior are investigated. This work provides a new framework in producing multifunctional triboelectric devices.
A Ternary Hybrid‐Cation Room‐Temperature Liquid Metal Battery and Interfacial Selection Mechanism Study
Authors: Guo Xuelin , Ding Yu , Gao Hongcai , Goodenough John B. , Yu Guihua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe dendrite‐free sodium–potassium (Na–K) liquid alloy composed of two alkali metals is one of the ideal alternatives for Li metal as an anode material while maintaining large capacity, low potential, and high abundance. However, Na‐ or K‐ion batteries have limited cathode materials that can deliver stably large capacity. Combining advantages of both, a hybrid‐cation liquid metal battery is designed for a Li‐ion‐insertion‐based cathode to deliver stable high capacity using a Na–K liquid anode to avoid dendrites. The mechanical property of the Na–K alloy is confirmed by simulation and experimental characterization, which leads to stable cycling performance. The charge carrier selection principle in this ternary hybrid‐cation system is investigated, showing consistency with the proposed interfacial layer formation and ion distribution mechanism for the electrochemical process as well as the good stability. With Li ions contributing stable cycling as the cathode charge carrier, the K ion working as charge carrier on the anode, and Na as the medium to liquefy K metal, such a ternary hybrid battery system not only inherits the rich battery chemistry of Li‐insertion cathodes but also broadens the understanding of alkali metal alloys and hybrid‐ion battery chemistry.
A Behavior‐Learned Cross‐Reactive Sensor Matrix for Intelligent Skin Perception
Authors: Lee Jun Ho , Heo Jae Sang , Kim Yoon‐Jeong , Eom Jimi , Jung Hong Jun , Kim Jong‐Woong , Kim Insoo , Park Ho‐Hyun , Mo Hyun Sun , Kim Yong‐Hoon , Park Sung Kyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMimicking human skin sensation such as spontaneous multimodal perception and identification/discrimination of intermixed stimuli is severely hindered by the difficulty of efficient integration of complex cutaneous receptor‐emulating circuitry and the lack of an appropriate protocol to discern the intermixed signals. Here, a highly stretchable cross‐reactive sensor matrix is demonstrated, which can detect, classify, and discriminate various intermixed tactile and thermal stimuli using a machine‐learning approach. Particularly, the multimodal perception ability is achieved by utilizing a learning algorithm based on the bag‐of‐words (BoW) model, where, by learning and recognizing the stimulus‐dependent 2D output image patterns, the discrimination of each stimulus in various multimodal stimuli environments is possible. In addition, the single sensor device integrated in the cross‐reactive sensor matrix exhibits multimodal detection of strain, flexion, pressure, and temperature. It is hoped that his proof‐of‐concept device with machine‐learning‐based approach will provide a versatile route to simplify the electronic skin systems with reduced architecture complexity and adaptability to various environments beyond the limitation of conventional “lock and key” approaches.
Atomic Carbon Spraying: Direct Growth of Graphene on Customized 3D Surfaces of Ultrafast Optical Devices
Authors: Uddin Siam , Song Yong‐Won 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite the long‐standing efforts to develop 3D graphene, which is critical for practical electronic, optoelectronic, and optical devices, the lack of synthetic methods and the use of conventional transfer approaches have limited its realization. Herein, a metal‐free, etching‐free, transfer‐free, direct synthesis of functional graphene is introduced that contours 3D‐structured surfaces of nonlinear optical devices, thereby maximizing the nonlinear interaction of graphene with guided light. Central to this method is the use of γ‐Al2O3, a ceramic catalyst, which generates carbon atoms from the precursor molecules and supplies them for the graphene synthesis on the 3D structures located near the catalyst through spatial diffusion, described as atomic carbon spraying (ACS). The optical nonlinearity facilitated by ACS‐processed 3D graphene is experimentally verified by realizing both passively mode‐locked laser with a pulse width of 770 fs and ultrafast optical switching with 67% enhancement in nonlinear effect over 6 mm interaction length.
Incorporation of Resistive Random Access Memory into Low‐Temperature Polysilicon Transistor with Fin‐Like Structure as 1T1R Device
Authors: Huang Wei‐Chen , Zheng Hao‐Xuan , Chen Po‐Hsun , Chang Ting‐Chang , Tan Yung‐Fang , Lin Shih‐Kai , Zhang Yong‐Ci , Jin Fu‐Yuan , Wu Chung‐Wei , Yeh Yu‐Hsuan , Chou Sheng‐Yao , Huang Hui‐Chun , Chen Yan‐Wen , Sze Simon M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, a one transistor one resistor (1T1R) structure combining a fin‐like low‐temperature polycrystalline‐silicon (LTPS) transistor and a resistive random access memory (RRAM) is successfully fabricated. For the fin‐like LTPS transistor, both n‐type and p‐types show excellent electrical output characteristics. Fin‐like structure produces more stable output characteristics. Also, the forming and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics are measured in this study, and the RRAM exhibits a forming voltage of about −1.9 V. As for the I–V switching property, the devices are stable and show excellent performance, with the set and reset voltages showing only minimal change over 100 cycles. Moreover, combining the fin‐like LTPS transistor and RRAM into a 1T1R structure results in favorable operation over 100 cycles, with excellent retention and endurance. According to these results, RRAM can be successfully combined with a fin‐like LTPS transistor for application in current integrated circuit processes without difficulty.
Nonuniform Ionic and Electronic Transport of Ceramic and Polymer/Ceramic Hybrid Electrolyte by Nanometer‐Scale Operando Imaging for Solid‐State Battery
Authors: Jiang Chun‐Sheng , Dunlap Nathan , Li Yejing , Guthrey Harvey , Liu Ping , Lee Se‐Hee , Al‐Jassim Mowafak M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReplacing the liquid electrolyte in lithium batteries with solid‐state ion conductor is promising for next‐generation energy storage that is safe and has high energy density. Here, nanometer‐resolution ionic and electronic transport imaging of Li3PS4 (LPS), a solid‐state electrolyte (SSE), is reported. This nm resolution is achieved by using a logarithm‐scale current amplifier that enhances the current sensitivity to the fA range. Large fluctuations of ion current—one to two orders of magnitude on the LPS and on the LPS region of a polymer/LPS bulk hybrid SSE—that must be mitigated to eliminate Li dendrite formation and growth, are found. This ion current fluctuation is understood in terms of highly anisotropic transport kinetic barriers along the different crystalline axes due to different grain orientations in the polycrystalline and glass ceramic materials. The results on the bulk hybrid SSE show a sharp transition of ionic and electronic transport at the LPS/polymer boundary and decreases in average ionic current with decreasing polyimine particle size and with extensive cycling. The results elucidate the mechanism of polyimine extension into interparticles to prevent Li dendrite growth. This work opens up novel characterization of charge transport, which relates to Li plating and stripping for solid‐state‐batteries.
Aggressive lymphoma subtype is a risk factor for venous thrombosis. Development of lymphoma ‐ specific venous thrombosis prediction models
Authors: Dharmavaram Gouri , Cao Shufen , Sundaram Suchitra , Ayyappan Sabarish , Boughan Kirsten , Gallogly Molly , Malek Ehsan , Metheny Leland , Tomlinson Benjamin , Otegbeye Folashade , Lazarus Hillard M. , Cooper Brenda , Fu Pingfu , de Lima Marcos , Caimi Paolo F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVenous thromboembolic events (VTE) are a frequent complication of lymphoma. We conducted a retrospective analysis to compare VTE risk in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). Subjects were randomly assigned to training and validation sets to identify risk factors of VTE and evaluate risk model performance, including the Khorana score. A group of 790 patients were diagnosed from 2002 to 2014 (DLBCL = 542, FL = 248). Median follow‐ up was 49 months. We observed 106 VTE, with higher incidence in DLBCL (5‐year cumulative incidence = 16.3% vs 3.8% in FL patients). Five‐year OS for patients with VTE was 51.4% vs 73.1% in patients without VTE (P < .001). Baseline VTE risk factors identified in the training cohort included lymphoma subtype, previous VTE, ECOG performance status ≥2, decreased albumin, increased calcium, elevated WBC, absolute lymphocyte count or monocyte count, and presence of bulky disease. Addition of new variables to the Khorana score improved its performance measured by Akaike information criterion and Concordance index. A new risk model including lymphoma subtype, albumin, WBC count, and bulky disease was validated in time‐based ROC analyses. These findings were confirmed in the validation cohort. Lymphoma subtypes have different VTE risk. The effect of lymphoma subtype was independent from disease burden and the use of systemic therapy. The Khorana risk‐score was validated in time to event analyses, and a more robust lymphoma‐specific VTE risk score is proposed. These findings suggest lymphoma patients with highest VTE risk can be identified with baseline parameters.