bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Walking Through Waypoints
Authors: Akhoondian Amiri Saeed , Foerster Klaus-Tycho , Schmid Stefan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe initiate the study of a fundamental combinatorial problem: Given a capacitated graph $$G=(V,E)$$G=(V,E), find a shortest walk (“route”) from a source $${s\in V}$$s∈V to a destination $$t\in V$$t∈V that includes all vertices specified by a set $$WP \subseteq V$$WP⊆V: the waypoints. This Waypoint Routing Problem finds immediate applications in the context of modern networked systems. Our main contribution is an exact polynomial-time algorithm for graphs of bounded treewidth. We also show that if the number of waypoints is logarithmically bounded, exact polynomial-time algorithms exist even for general graphs. Our two algorithms provide an almost complete characterization of what can be solved exactly in polynomial time: we show that more general problems (e.g., on grid graphs of maximum degree 3, with slightly more waypoints) are computationally intractable.
Numerical study of effects of mountains and lakes on a squall line in northern Jiangsu Province
Authors: Li Bin , Wu Liguang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObservational studies indicate that northern Jiangsu Province is the most active area for the occurrence of squall lines in east China. While the roles of the large-scale atmospheric environment have been investigated, the effects of the terrain and lakes on the squall line in northern Jiangsu Province have not been well understood. In this study, the squall line occurring on 14 June 2009 is simulated to investigate the influences of the terrain and lakes. The squall line occurred under the influence of a short westerly trough at 500 hPa, one of the typical synoptic-scale patterns favorable for the development of squall lines in east China. Using the grid spacings of 3 km, 1 km and 333 m, the Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF) reasonably well simulates the evolution of the squall line and the extreme rainfall. Sensitivity experiments are conducted to examine the effects of Mountain Meng, Hongze Lake and Gaoyou Lake. It is found that the valley wind associated with Mountain Meng plays an important role in the early development of the squall line by enhancing the vertical wind shear at the low levels. The presence of the lakes leads to a relatively cold area, resulting in a temperature gradient toward the southeast at the low levels. The horizontal temperature gradient enhances the low-level vertical wind shear and promotes the development of the squall line.
A general framework for classifying costing methods for economic evaluation of health care
Authors: Špacírová Zuzana , Epstein David , García-Mochón Leticia , Rovira Joan , Olry de Labry Lima Antonio , Espín Jaime 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAccording to the most traditional economic evaluation manuals, all “relevant” costs should be included in the economic analysis, taking into account factors such as the patient population, setting, location, year, perspective and time horizon. However, cost information may be designed for other purposes. Health care organisations may lack sophisticated accounting systems and consequently, health economists may be unfamiliar with cost accounting terminology, which may lead to discrepancy in terms used in the economic evaluation literature and management accountancy. This paper identifies new tendencies in costing methodologies in health care and critically comments on each included article. For better clarification of terminology, a pragmatic glossary of terms is proposed. A scoping review of English and Spanish language literature (2005–2018) was conducted to identify new tendencies in costing methodologies in health care. The databases PubMed, Scopus and EconLit were searched. A total of 21 studies were included yielding 43 costing analysis. The most common analysis was top-down micro-costing (49%), followed by top-down gross-costing (37%) and bottom-up micro-costing (14%). Resource data were collected prospectively in 12 top-down studies (32%). Hospital database was the most common way of collection of resource data (44%) in top-down gross-costing studies. In top-down micro-costing studies, the most resource use data collection was the combination of several methods (38%). In general, substantial inconsistencies in the costing methods were found. The convergence of top-down and bottom-up methods may be an important topic in the next decades.
Experience Versus Report: Where Are Changes Seen After Exposure-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy? A Randomized Controlled Group Treatment of Childhood Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Asbrand Julia , Heinrichs Nina , Schmidtendorf Steffen , Nitschke Kai , Tuschen-Caffier Brunna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA considerable number of children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder (SAD) do not benefit from treatment as much as expected. However, treatment success should not be measured with social anxiety reports alone; the cognitive, behavioral, and physiological components of social stress should also be assessed. The authors examined an exposure-based SAD-specific group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in a randomized controlled trial (N = 67, age 9–13 years, blind randomized allocation to treatment [CBT; n = 31] and waitlist control [WLC; n = 36] groups). Success was operationalized as a clinically significant reduction of symptoms measured with SAD-specific questionnaires, structured interviews, and changes in response to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). In the CBT group, there was a trend toward a significant increase in positive cognitions in the TSST after treatment (d = 0.37), whereas these positive cognitions decreased in the WLC group (d = 0.40). No significant results involving group appeared for negative cognitions, behavior and physiology. Children in the CBT group, but not parents, further reported less social anxiety in one questionnaire from pre- to post-treatment (d = 0.89). A structured interview confirmed a decrease in severity of SAD in the CBT group. While the gold standard of a blind interview showed efficacy of treatment, not all trait and state measures demonstrated similar success patterns.Trial registration Eligibility criteria and some of the dependent variables (cognitions, physiology) for treatment success were registered with the German Research Foundation (TU 78/5-2, HE 3342/4-2) prior to recruitment. Clinical assessment of diagnosis and behavioral data were not a priori planned as outcome measures for this trial and therefore analyzed in a post-hoc approach.
Impact of decompressive laminectomy on the functional outcome of patients with metastatic spinal cord compression and neurological impairment
Authors: Younsi Alexander , Riemann Lennart , Scherer Moritz , Unterberg Andreas , Zweckberger Klaus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMetastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) is a frequent phenomenon in advanced tumor diseases with often severe neurological impairments. Affected patients are often treated by decompressive laminectomy. To assess the impact of this procedure on Karnofsky Performance Index (KPI) and Frankel Grade (FG) at discharge, a single center retrospective cohort study of neurologically impaired MSCC-patients treated with decompressive laminectomy between 2004 and 2014 was performed. 101 patients (27 female/74 male; age 66.1 ± 11.5 years) were identified. Prostate was the most common primary tumor site (40%) and progressive disease was present in 74%. At admission, 80% of patients were non-ambulatory (FG A–C). Imaging revealed prevalently thoracic MSCC (78%). Emergency surgery (< 24 h) was performed in 71% and rates of complications and revision surgery were 6% and 4%, respectively. At discharge, FG had improved in 61% of cases, and 51% of patients had regained ambulation. Univariate predictors for not regaining the ability to walk were bowl dysfunction (p = 0.0015), KPI < 50% (p = 0.048) and FG < C (p = 0.001) prior to surgery. In conclusion, decompressive laminectomy showed beneficial effects on the functional outcome at discharge. A good neurological status prior to surgery was key predictor for a good functional outcome.
2019 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS expert consensus statement on catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias: Executive summary
Authors: Cronin Edmond M. , Bogun Frank M. , Maury Philippe , Peichl Petr , Chen Minglong , Namboodiri Narayanan , Aguinaga Luis , Leite Luiz Roberto , Al-Khatib Sana M. , Anter Elad , Berruezo Antonio , Callans David J. , Chung Mina K. , Cuculich Phillip , d’Avila Andre , Deal Barbara J. , Della Bella Paolo , Deneke Thomas , Dickfeld Timm-Michael , Hadid Claudio , Haqqani Haris M. , Kay G. Neal , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Marchlinski Francis , Miller John M. , Nogami Akihiko , Patel Akash R. , Pathak Rajeev Kumar , Saenz Morales Luis C. , Santangeli Pasquale , Sapp John L. , Sarkozy Andrea , Soejima Kyoko , Stevenson William G. , Tedrow Usha B. , Tzou Wendy S. , Varma Niraj , Zeppenfeld Katja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVentricular arrhythmias are an important cause of morbidity and mortality and come in a variety of forms, from single premature ventricular complexes to sustained ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Rapid developments have taken place over the past decade in our understanding of these arrhythmias and in our ability to diagnose and treat them. The field of catheter ablation has progressed with the development of new methods and tools, and with the publication of large clinical trials. Therefore, global cardiac electrophysiology professional societies undertook to outline recommendations and best practices for these procedures in a document that will update and replace the 2009EHRA/HRS Expert Consensus on Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias. An expert writing group, after reviewing and discussing the literature, including a systematic review and meta-analysis published in conjunction with this document, and drawing on their own experience, drafted and voted on recommendations and summarized current knowledge and practice in the field. Each recommendation is presented in knowledge byte format and is accompanied by supportive text and references. Further sections provide a practical synopsis of the various techniques and of the specific ventricular arrhythmia sites and substrates encountered in the electrophysiology lab. The purpose of this document is to help electrophysiologists around the world to appropriately select patients for catheter ablation, to perform procedures in a safe and efficacious manner, and to provide follow-up and adjunctive care in order to obtain the best possible outcomes for patients with ventricular arrhythmias.
MyBP-C: one protein to govern them all
Authors: Heling L. W. H. J. , Geeves M. A. , Kad N. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe heart is an extraordinarily versatile pump, finely tuned to respond to a multitude of demands. Given the heart pumps without rest for decades its efficiency is particularly relevant. Although many proteins in the heart are essential for viability, the non-essential components can attract numerous mutations which can cause disease, possibly through alterations in pumping efficiency. Of these, myosin binding protein C is strongly over-represented with ~ 40% of all known mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, a complete understanding of its molecular function in the cardiac sarcomere is warranted. In this review, we revisit contemporary and classical literature to clarify both the current standing of this fast-moving field and frame future unresolved questions. To date, much effort has been directed at understanding MyBP-C function on either thick or thin filaments. Here we aim to focus questions on how MyBP-C functions at a molecular level in the context of both the thick and thin filaments together. A concept that emerges is MyBP-C acts to govern interactions on two levels; controlling myosin access to the thin filament by sequestration on the thick filament, and controlling the activation state and access of myosin to its binding sites on the thin filament. Such affects are achieved through directed interactions mediated by phosphorylation (of MyBP-C and other sarcomeric components) and calcium.
Mass-flowering crops have a greater impact than semi-natural habitat on crop pollinators and pollen deposition
Authors: Shaw Rosalind F. , Phillips Benjamin B. , Doyle Toby , Pell Judith K. , Redhead John W. , Savage Joanna , Woodcock Ben A. , Bullock James M. , Osborne Juliet L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Context
Maximising insect pollination of mass-flowering crops is a widely-discussed approach to sustainable agriculture. Management actions can target landscape-scale semi-natural habitat, cropping patterns or field-scale features, but little is known about their relative effectiveness.

Objective
To test how landscape composition (area of mass-flowering crops and semi-natural habitat) and field-scale habitat (margins and hedges) affect pollinator species richness, abundance, and pollen deposition within crop fields.

Methods
We surveyed all flower visitors (Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera) in oilseed rape fields and related them to landscape composition and field features. Flower visitors were classified as bees, non-bee pollinators and brassica specialists. Total pollen deposition by individual taxa was estimated using single visit pollen deposition on stigmas combined with insect abundance.

Results
The area of mass-flowering crop had a negative effect on the species richness and abundance of bees in fields, but not other flower visitors. The area of semi-natural habitat in the surrounding landscape had a positive effect on bees, but was not as important as the area of mass-flowering crop. Taxonomic richness and abundance varied significantly between years for non-bee pollinators. Greater cover of mass-flowering crops surrounding fields had a negative effect on pollen deposition, but only when non-bee pollinator numbers were reduced.

Conclusions
Management choices that result in landscape homogenisation, such as large areas of mass-flowering crops, may reduce pollination services by reducing the numbers of bees visiting fields. Non-bee insect pollinators may buffer these landscape effects on pollen deposition, and management to support their populations should be considered.
“I’ll Look Into it!” Lubricants in Conversational Coproduction
Authors: Winter Katarina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the interaction between civil servants and politicians in a planning committee in a Swedish county council. As the committees are venues for preparation of future decision-making, civil servants and others are invited to inform and report to the politicians on different topics. The aim is to explore this local interaction process based on an analysis of requests and responses. It is shown that the communication between civil servants and politicians is pervaded by sociability in the form of conversational routines. The article aims to recognize this sociability as an intrinsic part of knowledge coproduction processes. Civil servants and politicians negotiate different types of professional and common knowledge through routines that dislocate time, responsibility, roles, and protocol order. Theselubricants– important but often circumvented in studies of policy-making – are explored as instances ofconversational coproduction.
How situational activation of values evokes positive and negative feelings: Theory and experimental findings
Authors: Montgomery William , Montgomery Henry , Gärling Tommy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe propose a theory of how situational activation of values evokes positive and negative feelings. In conjunction we present a re-conceptualization of Schwartz’ et al. (J Personal Soc Psychol 103:663–688, 2012.10.1037/a029393) value set including additional values. In our new value set, we posit contrastive values having opposite values and central values having no opposite values. As a consequence, balanced access to salient opposite contrastive values and maximal access to central values evoke the strongest positive and weakest negative feelings. Study 1 shows, as hypothesized, that contrastive values form a circumplex structure with central values located inside its periphery. Study 2 supports theoretically derived hypotheses of how positive and negative feelings are evoked by different degrees of access to values, salience of opposite values, and centrality of values.
Alternative lengthening of telomeres is the major telomere maintenance mechanism in astrocytoma with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation
Authors: Ferreira Monica Sofia Ventura , Sørensen Mia Dahl , Pusch Stefan , Beier Dagmar , Bouillon Anne-Sophie , Kristensen Bjarne Winther , Brümmendorf Tim Henrik , Beier Christoph Patrick , Beier Fabian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations are associated with improved survival in gliomas. Depending on the IDH1 status, TERT promoter mutations affect prognosis. IDH1 mutations are associated with alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) mutations and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), suggesting an interaction between IDH1 and telomeres. However, little is known how IDH1 mutations affect telomere maintenance.

Methods
We analyzed cell-specific telomere length (CS-TL) on a single cell level in 46 astrocytoma samples (WHO II-IV) by modified immune-quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization, using endothelial cells as internal reference. In the same samples, we determined IDH1/TERT promoter mutation status and ATRX expression. The interaction of IDH1R132H mutation and CS-TL was studied in vitro using an IDH1R132H doxycycline-inducible glioma cell line system.

Results
Virtually all ALTpositive astrocytomas had normal TERT promoter and lacked ATRX expression. Further, all ALTpositive samples had IDH1R132H mutations, resulting in a significantly longer CS-TL of IDH1R132H gliomas, when compared to their wildtype counterparts. Conversely, TERT promotor mutations were associated with IDHwildtype, ATRX expression, lack of ALT and short CS-TL. ALT, TERT promoter mutations, and CS-TL remained without prognostic significance, when correcting for IDH1 status. In vitro, overexpression of IDHR132H in the glioma cell line LN319 resulted in downregulation of ATRX and rapid TERT-independent telomere lengthening consistent with ALT.

Conclusion
ALT is the major telomere maintenance mechanism in IDHR132H mutated astrocytomas, while TERT promoter mutations were associated with IDHwildtype glioma. IDH1R132H downregulates ATRX expression in vitro resulting in ALT, which may contribute to the strong association of IDH1R132H mutations, ATRX loss, and ALT.
Inner change and sustainability initiatives: exploring the narratives from eco-villagers through a place-based transformative learning approach
Authors: Pisters S. R. , Vihinen H. , Figueiredo E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn an earlier work, we suggested that connection, compassion and creativity could be used as key analytical dimensions of transformative place-based learning (Pisters et al. in Emot Sp Soc 34(8):100578, 2019). This analytical framework was created to study processes of place-based transformative learning which evoke shifts in our consciousness. This inner change might well be critical in the development of regenerative practices and places. This article aims to critically investigate the framework empirically using life-story interviews with people living in three different ecovillages. Ecovillages are so-called intentional communities which aim to develop sustainable, regenerative ways of living. Methodologically, the research is grounded in an ethnography and narrative inquiry. Following the empirical results, we will reflect on the merits and shortcomings of the analytical framework. The article concludes that the framework proved useful for its purpose if it includes a fourth dimension of 'transgression' and portraits the dimensions as continua.
The Ureter in the Kidney Transplant Setting: Ureteroneocystostomy Surgical Options, Double-J Stent Considerations and Management of Related Complications
Authors: Friedersdorff Frank , Weinberger Sarah , Biernath Nadine , Plage Henning , Cash Hannes , El-Bandar Nasrin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
In the setting of kidney transplantation, the ureter is a common source for complications. As a result, prevention of ureteral complications and their management is of crucial importance. In this context, the purpose of this review is to summarize recent literature on the ureter in the kidney transplant setting with a special focus on new findings. We conducted a PubMed and Medline search over the last 10 years to identify all new publications related to ureteroneoimplantations, stents and management of complications in the kidney transplant setting.

Recent Findings
Performance of the “Lich-Gregoir” technique for ureteroneocystostomy seems to be favourable in regard to postoperative complications when compared with other methods described in the literature. Moreover, major urologic complications can be further reduced by ureteral stenting.

Summary
A new approach for management of ureteral strictures in renal transplants is presented. We discussed the usage of a ureteral stent covered with a biostable polymer aiming to prevent tissue ingrowth into the lumen as a new option for management of ureteral stricture in the kidney transplant setting.
A Mind Selected by Needs: Explaining Logical Animals by Evolution
Authors: Seitz Fabian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExplaining humans as rational creatures—capable of deductive reasoning—remains challenging for evolutionary naturalism. Schechter (Philosophical Perspectives, 24(1)437–464, 2011, 2013) proposes to link the evolution of this kind of reasoning with the ability to plan. His proposal, however, does neither include any elaborated theory on how logical abilities came into being within the hominin lineage nor is it sufficiently supported by empirical evidence. I present such a theory in broad outline and substantiate it with archeological findings. It is argued that the cognitive makeup of any animal is constituted by being embedded in a certain way of life. Changing ways of life thus foster appearances of new cognitive abilities. Finally, a new way of life of coordinated group behavior emerged within the hominins: anticipatory group planning involved in activities like making sophisticated spears for hunting. This gave rise to human logical cognition. It turned hominins into domain-general reasoner and adherents of intersubjective norms for reasoning. However, as I argue, it did not—and most likely could not—give rise to reason by deductive logic. More likely, deductive reasoning entered our world only a few thousand years ago: exclusively as a cultural artifact.
A Review on Applications of Layered Phosphorus in Energy Storage
Authors: Liu Cheng , Wang Yinghao , Sun Jie , Chen Aibing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhosphorus in energy storage has received widespread attention in recent years. Both the high specific capacity and ion mobility of phosphorus may lead to a breakthrough in energy storage materials. Black phosphorus, an allotrope of phosphorus, has a sheet-like structure similar to graphite. In this review, we describe the structure and properties of black phosphorus and characteristics of the conductive electrode material, including theoretical calculation and analysis. The research progress in various ion batteries, including lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium–air batteries, and supercapacitors, is summarized according to the introduction of black phosphorus materials in different electrochemical applications. Among them, with the introduction of black phosphorus in lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, the research on the properties of black phosphorus and carbon composite is introduced. Based on the summary, the future development trend and potential of black phosphorus materials in the field of electrochemistry are analyzed.