bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esterification of Tertiary Amides: Remarkable Additive Effects of Potassium Alkoxides for Generating Hetero Manganese–Potassium Dinuclear Active Species
Authors: Hirai Takahiro , Kato Daiki , Mai Binh Khanh , Katayama Shoichiro , Akiyama Shoko , Nagae Haruki , Himo Fahmi , Mashima Kazushi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA catalyst system of mononuclear manganese precursor 3 combined with potassium alkoxide served as a superior catalyst compared with our previously reported manganese homodinuclear catalyst 2 a for esterification of not only tertiary aryl amides, but also tertiary aliphatic amides. On the basis of stoichiometric reactions of 3 and potassium alkoxide salt, kinetic studies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we clarified a plausible reaction mechanism in which in situ generated manganese–potassium heterodinuclear species cooperatively activates the carbonyl moiety of the amide and the OH moiety of the alcohols. We also revealed details of the reaction mechanism of our previous manganese homodinuclear system 2 a, and we found that the activation free energy (ΔG≠) for the manganese–potassium heterodinuclear complex catalyzed esterification of amides is lower than that for the manganese homodinuclear system, which was consistent with the experimental results. We further applied our catalyst system to deprotect the acetyl moiety of primary and secondary amines.
Brønsted Acid and H‐Bond Activation in Boronic Acid Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Shaofei , Lebœuf David , Moran Joseph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBoronic acid catalysis has emerged as a mild method for promoting a wide variety of reactions. It has been proposed that the mode of catalysis involves Lewis acid or covalent activation of hydroxyl groups by boron, but limited mechanistic evidence exists. In this work, representative boronic acid catalyzed reactions of alcohols and oximes have been reinvestigated. A series of control experiments with boronic and Brønsted acids were interpreted along with correlations between their reactivity and their acidity measured by the Gutmann–Beckett method. Overall, it was concluded that the major modes of catalysis involve either dual H‐bond catalysis or Brønsted acid catalysis. Strong Brønsted acids were shown to be generated in situ from covalent assembly of the boronic acids with hexafluoroisopropanol, explaining why the solvent had such a major impact on the reactivity. This new insight should guide the future development of boronic acid catalysis, where the diverse and solvent‐specific nature of catalytic modes has been overlooked.
Facile Synthesis of Proton‐Type ZSM‐5 by Using Quasi‐Solid‐Phase (QSP) Method
Authors: Fan Subing , Tuo Jie , Wang Dan , Rong Jingya , Zhang Jianli , Ma Qingxiang , Gao Xinhua , Yang Guohui , Zhao Tiansheng , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHerein, a simple and green quasi‐solid‐phase (QSP) method for facile synthesis of proton‐type ZSM‐5 avoiding use of excessive water, dry gel, Na+ cation and fluoride is reported. Crystallization by using the stoichiometric amount of TPAOH (tetrapropylammonium hydroxide) at 180 °C for only 12 h gave well‐structured HZSM‐5 crystals with high specific surface area of 429 m2 g−1 and high thermal stability. 5MRs was observed to closely relate the formation of MFI structure and QSP method exhibits shorter induction period (t0), higher nucleation rate (Vn), and faster growth rate (Vg). Moreover, HZ‐12–180 showed extremely better and rather stable catalytic activity for methanol‐to‐propylene reaction by comparison with commercial HZSM‐5.
Hierarchical chirality expression of gemini surfactant aggregates via equilibrium between chiral nucleotide and nonchiral mono‐anions
Authors: Dedovets Dmytro , Martin Barbara , Okazaki Yutaka , Buffeteau Thierry , Pouget Emilie , Oda Reiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe assembling behaviors of nonchiral dicationic amphiphilic molecules (gemini) in the presence of the mixture of chiral anionic nucleotides and nonchiral anions are investigated. We demonstrate that subtle balance of various physico‐chemical parameters and the competition between chiral and nonchiral anions at the interface of gemini assemblies influences the expression of molecular chirality at the micrometer scale through the hierarchical molecular assembly.
A phased approach to implementing the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) in low‐income and middle‐income countries
Authors: Lam Diana L. , Entezari Pegah , Duggan Catherine , Muyinda Zeridah , Vasquez Andres , Huayanay Jorge , Anderson Benjamin O. , Scheel John R. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundSuccessful breast cancer detection programs rely on standardized reporting and interpreting systems, such as the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS), to improve system performance. In low‐income and middle‐income countries, evolving diagnostic programs have insufficient resources to either fully implement BI‐RADS or to periodically evaluate the program's performance, which is a necessary component of BI‐RADS. This leads to inconsistent breast ultrasound interpretation and a failure to improve performance.MethodsThe authors applied the Breast Health Global Initiative's phased implementation strategy to implement diagnostic ultrasound and BI‐RADS within the context of a limited‐resource setting.ResultsThe authors recommended starting with triage ultrasound to distinguish suspicious masses from normal breast tissue and benign masses such as cysts because the majority of health workers performing ultrasounds at this level have minimal breast imaging experience. Transitioning to full diagnostic ultrasound with condensed or full BI‐RADS should occur after performance and quality metrics have been met.ConclusionsTransitioning through these phases across facilities likely will occur at different times, particularly in rural versus urban settings.
For a few diversities more: A voting‐attack‐immune voting scheme for social question and answer websites
Authors: Zhang Jun , Labiod Houda , Meng Weizhi 
Published: April 2020

SummarySocial question and answer (Q&A) communities or websites, such as Quora, StackOverflow, become popular from the last decade. They provide collected answers in a crowdsourcing way by encouraging the interactive between users. The ranking of answers in such Q&A websites depends on many factors, such as received upvotes, downvotes, publishing time, and so on. When there exist malicious users, they can manipulate the ranking of answers by launching voting spamming attacks. In this article, we propose a metric, diversity of visibility, to characterize the balance between rankings of answers with conflicting opinions and propose a time‐diversitybased voting scheme to reach a high diversity of visibility, so as to minimize the impact of voting spamming attacks. We evaluate the proposed metric and voting scheme in the case study of a Chinese Q&A website, Zhihu, and show that the proposed voting scheme consistently shows a good balance of answers with conflicting opinions in both actual scenarios and synthetic scenarios.
Synthesis of Metastable Inorganic Solids with Extended Structures
Authors: Cordova Dmitri Leo M. , Johnson David C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe number of known inorganic compounds is dramatically less than predicted due to synthetic challenges, which often constrains products to only the thermodynamically most stable compounds. Consequently, a mechanism‐based approach to inorganic solids with designed structures is the holy grail of solid state synthesis. This article discusses a number of synthetic approaches using the concept of an energy landscape, which describes the complex relationship between the energy of different atomic configurations as a function of a variety of parameters such as initial structure, temperature, pressure, and composition. Nucleation limited synthesis approaches with high diffusion rates are contrasted with diffusion limited synthesis approaches. One challenge to the synthesis of new compounds is the inability to accurately predict what structures might be local free energy minima in the free energy landscape. Approaches to this challenge include predicting potentially stable compounds thorough the use of structural homologies and/or theoretical calculations. A second challenge to the synthesis of metastable inorganic solids is developing approaches to move across the energy landscape to a desired local free energy minimum while avoiding deeper free energy minima, such as stable binary compounds, as reaction intermediates. An approach using amorphous intermediates is presented, where local composition can be used to prepare metastable compounds. Designed nanoarchitecture built into a precursor can be preserved at low reaction temperatures and used to direct the reaction to specific structural homologs.
Self‐removing passive drain to facilitate postoperative care via telehealth during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Qualliotine Jesse R. , Orosco Ryan K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTelehealth postoperative visits are an attractive strategy to minimize exposure, especially during the SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The use of a surgical drain often prevents this minimal‐exposure approach in that patients return to the outpatient clinic for drain removal.Methods and ResultsFollowing unilateral neck dissection, the customary closed‐suction drain was replaced with a self‐removing, passive drain dressing to facilitate same‐day discharge and telehealth postoperative follow‐up. The patient removed the dressing and drain at home during a telehealth visit on postoperative day 4 and she healed favorably without any signs of infection or seroma.ConclusionsWhen thoughtfully applied in the appropriate clinical context, small practice adaptations like this can facilitate telehealth solutions that diminish unnecessary exposure for patients, their caregivers, and health care staff.
Development of clinical care guidelines for faculty and residents in the era of COVID‐19
Authors: Park Jason S. , El‐Sayed Ivan H. , Young VyVy N. , Pletcher Steven D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe global COVID‐19 pandemic brings new challenges to otolaryngology resident education. Surgical volume and clinic visits are curtailed, personal protective equipment for operating room participation is restricted, and the risk of COVID‐19 disease transmission during heretofore routine patient care is the new norm.MethodsWe describe a small‐team “cohorting” protocol including guidelines for faculty and resident in common clinical scenarios with attention paid to the risk of common otolaryngologic procedures.ResultsA rotating small‐team approach was implemented at each clinical site, limiting interaction between department members but providing comprehensive coverage. Faculty were involved at the earliest phase of clinical interactions. Guidelines delineated faculty and resident roles based on risk stratification by patient COVID status and anticipated procedures. Special consideration was given to high‐risk procedures such as endoscopy and tracheotomy.ConclusionsA small‐team‐based approach with guidelines for faculty/resident roles may mitigate risk while optimizing patient care and maximizing education.
Optimal hydrothermal design of internal flow pipe with insertion of straight and helical metal foam fins
Authors: Jehad Mohammed Gh. , Ahmed Hamdi E. , Fadhil Obaid T. , Kherbeet A. Sh. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the hydrothermal performance of a tubular heat exchanger is developed numerically by inserting metallic foam fins (MFF) in several configurations: straight single‐, single‐helical, and double‐helical MFF. The working fluid is water, whereas the volume of the MFF is kept constant throughout the whole manuscript. The geometric parameters investigated here are the aspect ratio of the rectangular porous fin, the number of turns of the fin, the number of fins, and the pores per inch for a wide range of laminar Reynolds number. The finite volume method is adopted for solving the governing equations of the laminar flow regime. The results are presented in terms of Nusselt number, friction factor, hydrothermal performance (JF), velocity, and temperature contours. The results show that the heat transfer of the smooth pipe is enhanced when a straight MFF is used. More heat removal enhancement is recorded when the MFF is twisted helically with the circumference of the pipe. Additional thermal augmentation is observed with an increase in the number of turns of the helical MFF up to a certain value. Unexpected heat transfer enhancement is recorded when a double‐helical MFF is used instead of a single‐helical one. The maximum enhancement in the JF observed is 1.7 using double‐helical MFF with two turns.
Trajectories of peer victimization in elementary school children: Associations with changes in internalizing, externalizing, social competence, and school climate
Authors: Sukhawathanakul Paweena , Leadbeater Bonnie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe current study examines the developmental changes (internalizing and externalizing symptoms, social competence, and experiences of school climate) in children who follow distinct trajectories of peer victimization in a sample of elementary school children across 2 years. Data were from children, and their parents and teachers, in Grades 1–3 followed across five waves. Latent class analyses revealed four distinct victimization trajectory groups characterized by chronically high, increasing, decreasing, or low‐stable levels across time. Multilevel analyses showed that children in the chronically high peer victimization group had higher initials levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, lower levels of social competence, and poorer experiences of school climate compared to children in the low‐stable group. Over time, children in the increasing group had slower rates of increases in social competence than children in the low‐stable group and had worsening experiences of school climate compared to children in the low‐stable peer victimization group. Findings suggest children who are chronically victimized may be at a developmental disadvantage compared to children who report little or declining peer victimization over time.
Insulinoma‐associated protein 1 is a prognostic biomarker in pulmonary high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Minami Kazuhiro , Jimbo Naoe , Tanaka Yugo , Ogawa Hiroyuki , Hokka Daisuke , Nishio Wataru , Yoshimura Masahiro , Itoh Tomoo , Maniwa Yoshimasa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgrounds and ObjectivesRecent studies have suggested that insulinoma‐associated protein 1 (INSM1) is a useful marker for pathological diagnosis of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. In the present study, we investigated the association between INSM1 expression and prognosis in patients with pulmonary high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNEC) and assessed the usefulness of INSM1 as a prognostic biomarker in these patients.MethodsSeventy‐five consecutive patients with HGNEC who underwent complete surgical resections from January 2000 to December 2018 were enrolled in this study. We classified these patients into two groups: the INSM1‐positive group (n = 59) and INSM1‐negative group (n = 16). We compared the clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival (OS), and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) between the groups. In addition, we performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify the prognostic factors associated with postoperative survival.ResultsSignificant differences in tumor diameter and vascular invasion between the groups were found. OS and RFS were significantly poorer in the INSM1‐positive group than in the INSM1‐negative group. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that INSM1 expression was the strongest predictor of poor prognosis for OS and RFS.ConclusionsINSM1 expression had the greatest influence on the prognosis in patients with HGNEC and may be a prognostic biomarker in these patients.
Primary cultures of aspiration residual specimens predict outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving curative treatment
Authors: Lin Zu‐Yau , Wang Jing‐Houng , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Huang Ching‐I , Kee Kwong‐Ming , Yen Yi‐Hao , Chen Shinn‐Cherng , Huang Chung‐Feng , Huang Jee‐Fu , Dai Chia‐Yen , Yu Ming‐Lung , Chuang Wan‐Long 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe utility of primary culture originated from the residual aspiration specimens to predict outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving curative treatment was investigated. A total of 105 American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM stage I or II patients were included. The culture results were determined at the 28th of culture and were divided into rapid proliferation of cancer cells alone, rapid proliferation of both cancer cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts, rapid proliferation of cancer‐associated fibroblasts alone, slow proliferation, and no outgrowth of plating specimens. Our results showed that outgrowths of cultured cells from plated particles were achieved in 98.1% of patients. Sixty‐nine patients (65.7%) showed rapid proliferation of cultured cells (11 rapid proliferation of cancer cells alone, 17 rapid proliferation of both cancer cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts, and 41 rapid proliferation of cancer‐associated fibroblasts alone). There was no significant difference in the incidence of recurrence or survival between patients with normal and abnormal serum alpha‐fetoprotein levels, chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C, TNM stage I and stage II, histological high‐grade and low‐grade hepatocellular carcinoma, and between patients treated by operative resection and local abrasion. Only patients with rapid proliferation of cancer cells ± rapid proliferation of cancer‐associated fibroblasts showed significantly higher incidence of recurrence than patients with other growth types (P = .0482), but there was no significant difference in survival between two groups. In conclusion, primary culture using this method is clinically feasible and can be applied to predict recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving curative treatment.
Environmental and social consequences of the increase in the demand for ‘superfoods’ world‐wide
Authors: Magrach Ainhoa , Sanz María José 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The search for healthy diets has led to a surge in the demand for functional foods or ‘superfoods’, which have now become popular among the middle‐ and high‐income fractions of the society in developed regions of the world. ‘Superfoods’ are predominantly consumed far from their centres of origin and out of their cultural context with different environmental and social effects.

Here, we present a series of case studies to provide an overview of the different environmental impacts driven by superfood expansion.

We show that if these crops are to follow the path of other global commodities, then strong environmental impacts and large carbon footprints are expected in terms of land clearing, use of agrochemicals and transportation during times of high prices (boom) and social problems as farmers have to abandon their livelihoods when prices sink below the cost of production (bust).

We also showcase how a combination of management practices, consumer choices and policy changes could help in alleviating the ecological footprint of these crops.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A critical review of the professional development literature for paraprofessionals supporting students with externalizing behavior disorders
Authors: Reddy Linda A. , Alperin Alexander , Glover Todd A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present paper serves as the first systematic review of the training, methodologies, and outcomes reported in the professional development (PD) literature for paraprofessionals working with students with or at risk for externalizing behavior disorders. A total of 16 investigations including 332 paraprofessionals and 852 children and adolescents were reviewed and coded on 44 variables across four dimensions (i.e., PD components, intervention components, methodologies used, and outcomes reported). Strengths of the literature were inclusion of multicomponent PD, training on implementation, paraprofessional characteristics, and inter‐rater reliability estimates. All studies reported paraprofessional and/or student outcomes; however, the details of PD components and interventions delivered varied. The majority of the studies used single‐case designs or descriptive case studies to evaluate effectiveness. Weaknesses were lack of inclusion and exclusion criteria, student characteristics, adult experiential learning methods, monitoring of implementation fidelity, and use of statistical testing. Implications for research and practice are offered.
The impact of parental unaffected allele combination on the diagnostic outcome in the preimplantation genetic testing for myotonic dystrophy type 1 in Japanese ancestry
Authors: Senba Hiroshi , Sueoka Kou , Sato Suguru , Higuchi Nobuhiko , Mizuguchi Yuki , Sato Kenji , Tanaka Mamoru 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeThe objective is to clarify the practical problem of the preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) in Japanese subjects.MethodsFor the 32 couples who consented to participate in PGT for DM1, CTG repeats number on the unaffected alleles was analyzed. Based on the allele combination, they were classified into 3 groups by the number of diagnostic allelic pattern; “full informative,” “semi informative,” and “noninformative.” According to the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) principle, PGT was performed using the direct diagnosis to the 288 embryos from the 17 couples who received the ethical approval from both our institution and JSOG.ResultsIn the 32 couples, the frequency of CTG repeats on the unaffected alleles showed bimodal distribution. The “full informative,” “semi informative,” and “noninformative” couples accounted for 46.9% (15/32 couples), 46.9% (15/32 couples) and 6.2% (2/32 couples), respectively. The transferable embryos accounted for 28.9% (33/114 embryos) in the “full informative” couples, although it was limited to 12.6% (22/174 embryos) in the “semi informative” couples.ConclusionThe loss of unaffected embryos which cannot be diagnosed as transferable was a clinically major problem and implied an increase in oocyte retrieval, especially for “semi informative” couples.
Zusammenfassung, Forschungsfragen und Hypothesen
Authors: Prochazka Fabian 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungVertrauen in journalistische Medien ist aus einer demokratietheoretischen Perspektive essenziell für eine Gesellschaft. Der Journalismus ist gegenwärtig diejenige Instanz, die relevante Themen auf die Agenda hebt, einer gesamtgesellschaftlichen Aushandlung zugänglich macht und den Bürger_innen Informationen für politische Entscheidungen bereitstellt. Ein Verlust des Vertrauens in Journalismus kann daher die Informiertheit der Gesellschaft angreifen und eine Einigung auf gemeinsame Probleme und ihre Lösung schwieriger machen.