bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Comparative Study between Bupivacaine 0.25% Plus Fentanyl and Bupivacaine 0.25% Plus Dexmedetomidine for Caudal Epidural Postoperative Analgesia in Pediatric Lower Abdominal and Urogenital Surgeries in Indian Genotype
Authors: Godbole Rajashree , Gill Jasmeet , Bhattacharya Brishnik , Shrotriya Shashank , Shrivastava Siddhartha , Bandari Abhilash 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to clinically evaluate and compare the efficacy of caudal epidural bupivacaine in prolonging the postoperative analgesia, with adjuvants like fentanyl or dexmedetomidine among children of Indian genotype.
Materials and Methods A prospective double-blind randomized comparative study. The study population of 68 patients of Indian phenotype were randomly taken from a random number table and divided into two groups with 34 patients in each group. They received single shot caudal epidural blocks, with group A receiving 0.75 mL/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine + 1 mcg/kg fentanyl, group B receiving 0.75 mL/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine + 1 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine. Global Assessment of anesthesia, defined as the time from caudal injection to the first administration of rescue analgesia, will be recorded for both the groups.
Results The addition of either fentanyl or dexmedetomidine as adjuvants in caudal block provided excellent postoperative analgesia, and sedation was significantly longer duration with dexmedetomidine (18.0 hours) than fentanyl (13.1 hours). We observed good hemodynamic stability in both the groups.
Conclusion Addition of dexmedetomidine over fentanyl to bupivacaine for caudal epidural analgesia in pediatric age group has multiple advantages like better control of intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamics, significantly longer duration of postoperative analgesia, lesser bleeding during surgery, and achieving good surgical satisfaction. As the children are pain-free, calm, quiet, and sedated but arousable, the parents’ satisfaction is rewarding. The caudal epidural dose of 0.25% bupivacaine 0.75 mL/kg with adjuvants like dexmedetomidine or fentanyl is effective for postoperative analgesia in lower abdominal surgeries and is without side effects among the Indian population.
Single-vesicle imaging reveals lipid-selective and stepwise membrane disruption by monomeric α-synuclein
Authors: Hannestad Jonas K. , Rocha Sandra , Agnarsson Björn , Zhdanov Vladimir P. , Wittung-Stafshede Pernilla , Höök Fredrik 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceNeurodegenerative diseases are increasing among the world's population, but there are no cures. These disorders all involve proteins that assemble into amyloid fibers which results in brain cell death. Evidence suggests that association of these proteins with lipid membranes is crucial for both functional and pathological roles. In Parkinson's disease, the involved protein, α-synuclein, is thought to function in trafficking of lipid vesicles in the brain. In search of mechanistic origins, increasing focus is put on identifying neurotoxic reactions induced by membrane interactions. To contribute new clues to this question, we here employed a new surface-sensitive scattering microscopy technique. With this approach, we discovered that α-synuclein perturbs vesicles in a stepwise and lipid-dependent fashion already at very low protein coverage.
H1 linker histones silence repetitive elements by promoting both histone H3K9 methylation and chromatin compaction
Authors: Healton Sean E. , Pinto Hugo D. , Mishra Laxmi N. , Hamilton Gregory A. , Wheat Justin C. , Swist-Rosowska Kalina , Shukeir Nicholas , Dou Yali , Steidl Ulrich , Jenuwein Thomas , Gamble Matthew J. , Skoultchi Arthur I. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Eukaryotic genomes harbor a vast number of “selfish” DNA elements, including transposable elements and repetitive sequences. They constitute nearly 50% of the human genome and need to be silenced to maintain the integrity of the genome. Aberrant expression of such sequences, possibly due to failure of silencing mechanisms, is associated with human diseases, including cancer. Silencing of these “selfish” DNAs involves methylation of specific lysine residues in the nucleosome core particles that help package these DNA elements into chromatin in the cell nucleus. Here we demonstrate that H1 linker histones, the most abundant chromatin-binding proteins, are critical for silencing of these sequences, by promoting repressive lysine methylation and further compacting these elements into more condensed chromatin structures.
Nanoscale co-organization and coactivation of AMPAR, NMDAR, and mGluR at excitatory synapses
Authors: Goncalves Julia , Bartol Tomas M. , Camus Côme , Levet Florian , Menegolla Ana Paula , Sejnowski Terrence J. , Sibarita Jean-Baptiste , Vivaudou Michel , Choquet Daniel , Hosy Eric 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Neuron-to-neuron communication is based on synapse activity where presynapses release neurotransmitters, which activate postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors. The various families of glutamate receptors at the excitatory synapses are responsible of the fast synaptic transmission as well as the regulation of the long-term signaling implicated in information storage and memory. The organization at the nanometer scale of these postsynaptic receptors is a key determinant for synaptic transmission efficiency. Here, we combined dual-color superresolution imaging with electrophysiology and modeling to determine how the various glutamate receptors are co-organized at the nanoscale and to what extent this organization regulates the receptor activation by a single vesicle release.
Global impact of atmospheric arsenic on health risk: 2005 to 2015
Authors: Zhang Lei , Gao Yang , Wu Shiliang , Zhang Shaoqing , Smith Kirk R. , Yao Xiaohong , Gao Huiwang 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Exposure to arsenic, a toxic pollutant widespread in air and water, has detrimental impacts on human health. Previous studies on arsenic pollution have primarily focused on groundwater arsenic, leaving the influence of atmospheric arsenic largely ignored. In this study, we have successfully simulated the distribution of atmospheric arsenic around the world and thoroughly examined the health impacts from atmospheric arsenic on a global scale. We find that the combined effect from arsenic in both atmosphere and groundwater may substantially aggravate both the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks associated with arsenic pollution. Our results have important implications for developing effective strategies to mitigate the impacts on public health from arsenic pollution.
cGMP via PKG activates 26S proteasomes and enhances degradation of proteins, including ones that cause neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: VerPlank Jordan J. S. , Tyrkalska Sylwia D. , Fleming Angeleen , Rubinsztein David C. , Goldberg Alfred L. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Most studies of the regulation of proteolysis by the ubiquitin proteasome system have focused on the control of ubiquitination. However, it is now clear that the activity of the 26S proteasome and rates of protein degradation in cells are also tightly regulated through proteasome phosphorylation. Here we demonstrate that agents that raise cGMP and activate cGMP-dependent protein kinase (e.g., widely used phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors) stimulate proteasome activities and intracellular proteolysis without affecting autophagy. Furthermore, we showed that raising cGMP reduced the levels of the disease-causing mutant tau in a zebrafish model by increasing its degradation, and also decreased the associated morphological abnormalities. Thus, activating the proteasome via cGMP is a promising strategy to prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
The semantics, syntax and prosody of adverbs in English
Authors: Keizer Evelien 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the extensive literature on parenthetical (non-propositional, disjunctive) adverbs, it is often assumed that, on the basis of their semantic, syntactic and prosodic properties, a binary distinction can be made between integrated (non-parenthetical) and non-integrated (parenthetical) adverbs. This paper aims to demonstrate that such a dualistic view is oversimplified, since semantic, syntactic and prosodic (non-)integration need not coincide. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the adverbs frankly (as an illocutionary and manner adverb) and cleverly, stupidly etc. (as subject-oriented and manner adverbs), it is argued that the distinctive features of Functional Discourse Grammar make it possible to capture both the differences and the interaction between these three dimensions of (non-)integration in an insightful and consistent manner.
English why don’t you X as a formulaic
expression
Authors: Thompson Sandra A. , Couper-Kuhlen Elizabeth 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this chapter we examine a formulaic expression in
English, why don’t you + action verb/predicate (=
WDY). We show that WDY is used in
everyday conversation to carry out the social work of giving advice, as in
why don't you try taking it again? We argue that this
construction is a formulaic expression because it is not understood
compositionally: the WDY format does not ask a question,
but proposes a future action that the speaker is recommending that the
recipient undertake. Our chapter explores the implicativeness of
WDY for subsequent talk, and reveals the intricate
relationship between the grammar of WDY and the social work
that it is used to do.
When an expression becomes fixed
Authors: Laury Ritva , Helasvuo Marja-Liisa , Rauma Janica 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter concerns the first person past tense
form of the verb ajatella ‘to think’ as a semi-fixed
expression in spoken Finnish. We examine this expression in present-day
conversation and in older dialect interviews, focusing on its interactional
functions, the types of complements it takes, and its patterns of
morphosyntactic fixedness and morphophonetic erosion in our two datasets. We
show that the verb ajatella is most frequently used in its
first person past tense form, mä ajattelin että
[1sg + think-pst-1sg + comp] ‘I
thought that’, and as has been shown for ‘think’ verbs in many other
languages, it is commonly used to frame stance expressions, but another
frequent use in our Finnish data is in prefacing the speaker’s expression of
her own plans as well as proposals of joint action. Most commonly,
mä ajattelin että is followed by clausal complements in
our older data, while the complements are more diverse in the newer data,
and the expression can also occur without any complements. We also show that
while mä ajattelin että ‘I thought that’ occurs in our data
in drastically reduced form and shows signs of morphosyntactic fixedness
especially in the newer data, it cannot yet be said to have become an
epistemic particle.
Characterization of the iron oxide phases formed during the synthesis of core–shell FexOy@C nanoparticles modified with Ag
Authors: Petrov D A , Lin C -R , Ivantsov R D , Ovchinnikov S G , Zharkov S M , Yurkin G Y , Velikanov D A , Knyazev Y V , Molokeev M S , Tseng Y -T , Lin E -S , Edelman I S , Baskakov A O , Starchikov S S , Lyubutin I S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Core–shell FexOy@C nanoparticles (NPs) modified with Ag were studied with x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive elemental mapping, Mössbauer spectroscopy, static magnetic measurements, and optical magnetic circular dichroism (MCD). FexOy@C NPs synthesized by the pyrolysis process of the mixture of Fe(NO3)3 · 9H2O with oleylamine and oleic acid were added to a heated mixture of oleylamine and AgNO3 in different concentrations. The final product was a mixture of iron oxide crystalline NPs in an amorphous carbon shell and Ag crystalline NPs. The iron oxide NPs were presented by two magnetic phases with extremely close crystal structures: Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3. Ag is shown to form crystalline NPs located very close to the iron oxide NPs. An assumption is made about the formation of hybrid FexOy@C-Ag NPs. Correlations were obtained between the Ag concentration in the fabricated samples, their magnetic properties and the MCD spectrum shape. Introducing Ag led to a approximately linear decrease of the NPs saturation magnetization depending upon the Ag concentration, it also resulted into the MCD spectrum shift to the lower light wave energies. MCD was also studied for the Fe3O4@C NPs synthesized earlier with the same one-step process using different heat treatment temperatures, and MCD spectra were compared for two series of NPs. A possible contribution of the surface plasmon excitation in Ag NPs to the MCD spectrum of the FexOy@C-Ag NPs is discussed.
Fabrication and photocatalytic characterization of SnO2 and SnO2/Tio2 nanostructure films
Authors: Abbas Khaldoon N. , Hussain Nedal A. , Nusseif Asmaa D. , Hussein Emad H. , Aziz Wisam J. , Salim Ali A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Pure spherical-like SnO2 and agglomerated spherical SnO2/TiO2 nanostructures (NS) films were effectively synthesized via hydrothermal route and modest combination of pulse laser ablation besides hydrothermal (PLAL-H) methods, respectively. The as-prepared samples were deposited on glass substrates at growth temperature 100 °C and characterized by FESEM, X-ray diffraction, and UV-Vis absorption and Photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Both samples exhibit a pure tetragonal rutile and anatase polycrystalline structure. The PL spectrum of pure SnO2 Ns reveals five emission peaks in UV and visible regions. In contrast, a red shift in UV emission peak was clearly observed in SnO2/TiO2 nanocomposite spectrum and disappeared all visible emission peaks. Moreover, the samples as photocatalysts films were examined under sunlight irradiation driven photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. The findings exposed that the photodegradation efficiency toward MB dye at maximum irradiation time 150 min was mostly similar around 21.5 % of both as-growth films.
Study on The Third-Order NLO Properties of Trace Metal Ions in Nitric Acid Solution by Closed-Aperture Z-scan Technique
Authors: Izz Rosli Muhammad , Awalludin Afiq , Duralim Maisarah , Abdullah Mundzir , Safwan Abd Aziz Muhammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDiscovery of materials which exhibit large real third-order optical nonlinearities have recently become the topic of a broad scientific interest, due to its potential applications in many areas especially in the field of all-optical signal-processing. Here in this work, we report a preliminary investigation on the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) response of different type of trace metal ions in nitric acid standard solution. A facile and rapid single beam z-scan technique incorporating 532nm diode pump solid state laser was employed to study the response of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Zinc (Zn), Aluminum (Al) ions towards NLO properties. Nonlinear refraction (NLR) response of the heavy metal samples were recorded from closed-aperture output and the maximum values of nonlinear refractive index,n2for all Pb, Cd, Hg, Zn, Al were recorded at 1.96355×10−9, 3.38228×10−9, 9.36907×10−9, 8.67559×10−10,3.28211×10−9cm2W−1respectively. Based on the experimental findings, the negative sign of the nonlinear refractive index values successfully indicates that the samples exhibit nonlinear self-defocusing effect, which is further expected to have potential applications in all-optical devices.
Non-contact Fiber Optic Displacement Sensor for Sugar Concentration Detection
Authors: Rahman Johari Abdul , Krishnan Ganesan , Bakhtiar Hazri , Hani Jameela Sapingi Husni , Wadi Harun Sulaiman 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A non-contact fiber optic displacement sensor was used for sugar concentration sensing. A concentric fiber optic bundle and sucrose solutions were used as the fiber probe and sugar samples respectively. Concentration of samples used were in the range of 9% to 33% weight percentages. The fiber probe was displaced above the sample surfaces and displacement curves were recorded. There were two peaks were observed in the displacement curve for each sample. The distance between peaks increases linearly as concentration increases and it was used to evaluate the sensing performance. In term of the performance, the sensitivity and linearity obtained were 0.08295 mm/% and 96% respectively.
Pulse laser ablated growth of Au-Ag nanocolloids: Basic insight on physiochemical attributes
Authors: Salim A A , Ghoshal S K , Bakhtiar Hazri , Krishnan G , Safwan aziz M , Sapingi H H J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Despite considerable research the evidence around the wide applications in the nanomedicine and nanophotonic area of gold-silver (Au–Ag) nanocolloids remains equivocal and under exploration. Due to their physical properties, enhanced permeability, high fluorescent, surface area to volume ratio, retention effect, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and controlled perfusion of drugs, made Au–Ag nanoparticles is over interested. Hence, we produced Au–Ag nanocolloids using nanosecond pulse laser ablation in liquid (NPLAL) technique. Targets of Au and Ag were submerged individually inside the cubic vessel fulfilled by 8 mL of glycol liquid media and vertically ablated with different pulse laser ablation (PLA) energy (50, 100, 150 and 200 mJ). The influence of the PLA energy (at fundamental wavelength 1064 nm) on the optical properties, morphology, particle size distribution, and chemical structure of the obtained colloidal Au–Au NPs was established. UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometers have been utilized to determine the absorbance characteristics and chemical functional groups of Au–Ag nanostructures, respectively. The attained of Au-Ag nanostructure exhibits a single-surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band, positioned between SPR bands of the monometallic and a surface bonding functional group (e.g. carboxyl or hydroxy groups). The proposed technique can be a basis for the developing complex compositions/colloids with unique and optimal physical properties may use for developing future nanomedicinal and nanophotonics.
Fuzzy Logic Controller for Classroom Air Conditioner
Authors: Riyadh Waheed Safa , Mundher Adnan Myasar , Mohd Suaib Norhaida , Shafry Mohd Rahim Mohd 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the modernized era, the air conditioners are an integrated part of comfort living especially in hot climates. They are used to control the interior spatial temperature, relative humidity, degree of cleanliness, and speed of air streaming. The automatic controllers are the key elements of the modern air conditioning systems that ensure the reliable operation, improved quality, low operation cost, and better security. Thus, the realization, design, and application of the controller systems require the exact specifications of the involved processes. In this regard, controllers based on the fuzzy logic (FL) are prospective for air conditioners due to the easy accessibility of different output levels. Furthermore, using the FL it is possible to scale and control the users’ air processing demand depending on the temperature and relative humidity of the space. Based on these factors, this paper reports the design and performance evaluation of a FL based controller useful for air conditioners when implemented in the classroom setting. This FL based control system can reduce the complexity of programming thereby can be executed on general microcontrollers utilized in the control panels of classroom air conditioner. The results revealed the outperforming nature of the FL based controllers over other traditional controllers used to adjust the indoor temperature and relative humidity by air conditioners.
Realization of efficient red laser using europium doped new boro-telluro-dolomite glass hosts: Ag nanoparticles functionality
Authors: Bulus I , Bhaktiar H , Hussin R , Danmallam I M , Ghoshal S K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Achieving highly efficient visible red emission with high color purity from the rare earth ions doped glasses containing metallic nanoparticles is of scholastic significance in the quest of novel laser glass host. Stimulated by this demand, we synthesized some new class of silver nanoparticles (Ag – NPs) embedded europium ions (Eu3+) doped boro – telluro – dolomite glasses (hereafter coded as BTDEAx, where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 mol%) by convectional melt quenching method. These glasses were optically characterized using UV – Vis – NIR absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy’s to ascertain their lasing candidacy. The absorption spectra of the Eu3+ ion free sample (BTDA0.8) disclosed a single surface plasmon band characteristic of Ag – NPs at 464 nm. Meanwhile, the visible emission intensities (excited with 467 nm wavelength) of the glasses due to Ag – NPs inclusion were greatly intensified. Of all glasses, the sample prepared with 0.8 mol% of Ag NPs (BTDEAg0.8) revealed highest PL intensity enhancement. Furthermore, the attainment of high color purity (97.037 %) detected from the CIE diagram with chromaticity coordinates (0.63765, 0.36094) close to ideal red color phosphor (0.67, 0.33) indeed approved the suitability of the proposed glasses for solid state red laser construction.
Effect of gas concentration on the electron transport and the plasma parameters of the CO2 gas mixture
Authors: Kaittan Fayyadh Ibrahim , Saud oraibi Nissan , Mutar Oufi Attarid , Ibrahim Alwan Ahmed , Abdulhasan Jawad A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Electron Swarm Parameters in plasma gas mixtures of Co2 have been calculated. Studies focused on four gas mixtures with Co2, He, and N2 in the ratio 5%: 55%: 40%, 2.5%: 45%: 52.5%, 10%: 50%: 40% and 40%: 40%: 20% respectively. Calculations of the electron energy distribution function f (ε), drift velocity Vd, mobility μ, electron diffusion D, D/μ, electron average energy <ε> and electric field E in the range of electric field to gas number density ratio E/N from 1×10−19 to 5×10−15 at 300 0K were reported in this work. The theoretical calculations shown helium has a good effect on the electrons transition parameters of Co2 laser. Furthermore, at low energy, the total collision rate is increasing slowly for higher electron energy.
Parametric analysis of the Lateral Distribution Function of Cherenkov light for Yakutsk EAS Array in the Energy Range 1–20 PeV
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Falah , Al-Rubaiee A. A. , Hariharan B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this research, the simulation of lateral distribution function (LDF) of Cherenkov radiation was performed using CORSIKA software for two hadronic models QGSJET and GHEISHA. This simulation was performed for several elementary particles such as protons, iron nuclei, electrons and gamma quanta, in the range of energies 1-20 PeV for three zenith angles 0°, 20° and 30°. A parameterization of Cherenkov light LDF was performed for that simulated curves using Lorentzian function. The comparison between the obtained results for LDF of Cherenkov light with that measured with Yakutsk EAS array gave a good agreement within the distances of 100-1000 m from the shower axis.
Few Layer Molybdenum Selenide Saturable Absorber using Optical Deposition Technique for Q-switched Ytterbium Pulses Laser Generation
Authors: Aizi Mat Salim Muhammad , Razalli Azzuhri Saaidal , Afiq Ismail Mohd , Ab. Razak Mohd. Zulhakimi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We have successfully generated a Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser pulses using few layers of Molybdenum Selenide (MoSe2) as saturable absorber (SA). The setup was a ring fiber laser cavity with few-layer MoSe2, deposited onto a fiber ferrule using an optical deposition technique. A stable pulses started at input power of 68.8 mW with repetition rate ranging from 14.2 kHz to 34.0 kHz was achieved with highest pulse energy, shortest pulse width and highest output power of 3.6 nJ, 4.4 µs and 0.12 mW were observed, respectively.