bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting externalizing behavior in toddlerhood from early individual differences in empathy
Authors: Paz Yael , Orlitsky Tal , Roth‐Hanania Ronit , Zahn‐Waxler Carolyn , Davidov Maayan 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundFrom middle childhood onward, there is often a negative link between empathy and externalizing behavior problems. Patterns at younger ages are still unclear, with mixed findings of no association, negative associations, and positive associations. This study examines links between empathy and externalizing problems, beginning in infancy.MethodsA community sample of infants (N = 165) was assessed for empathy at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 36 months, using behavioral observations. Externalizing problems were reported at 18 months (by mothers) and 36 months (by mothers and daycare teachers).ResultsBoys showed more externalizing problems than girls. For boys, negative associations between empathy and externalizing appeared, particularly with teacher reports. For girls, there were positive associations between empathy and externalizing, which weakened with age. For both genders, empathy at ages 3, 6, and 18 months appeared to protect against increases in externalizing from 18 to 36 months.ConclusionsThe role of empathy in the development of early externalizing depends on both gender and age; toddler boys’ externalizing may more typically stem from low empathy, whereas girls’ early externalizing appears to be underlain by heightened sensitivity and unregulated or assertive approach attempts.
Relationships between the National Early Warning Score 2, clinical worry and patient outcome at discharge: Retrospective observational study
Authors: Hwang Jee‐In , Chin Ho Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the performance of the National Early Warning Score 2 and composite score for clinical worry in identifying patients at risk of clinical deterioration, and to determine relationships between National Early Warning Score 2, clinical worry score and patient outcome at discharge.BackgroundThe efficacy of early warning systems depends on patient population and care settings. Based on a theoretical framework on factors affecting clinical deterioration and patient outcomes, studies exploring the relationship between early warning systems and patient outcomes at discharge are sparse.DesignRetrospective observational study.MethodsA random sample of 732 medical records were reviewed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to evaluate predictive abilities regarding the events of unanticipated in‐hospital mortality, unplanned intensive care unit/ higher dependency bed admission and cardiac arrest. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine relationships between National Early Warning Score 2, clinical worry score and patient outcome. Reporting followed the STROBE checklist.ResultsNational Early Warning Score 2 and clinical worry score significantly predicted the events within 24 hr of the assessment. After controlling for other patient, treatment and organisational characteristics, National Early Warning Score 2 was a significant factor associated with patient outcome, but clinical worry score was not. Specifically, patients at high risk based on National Early Warning Score 2 were less likely to have improved outcome.ConclusionsNational Early Warning Score 2 and clinical worry score performed well for predicting deteriorating condition of patients. National Early Warning Score 2 was significantly associated with patient outcome. It can be used for efficient patient management for safe, quality care.Relevance to clinical practiceNational Early Warning Score 2 can be used for early assessment of not only clinical deterioration but also patient outcome and provide timely intervention, when coupled with clinical worry score.
Positive peritoneal cytology is an independent risk factor in endometrial cancer
Authors: Dong Yangyang , Wang Zhiqi , Wang Jianliu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate whether positive peritoneal cytology could serve as a prognostic factor in endometrial cancer (EC).MethodsFrom patients with EC surgically treated at Peking University People's Hospital between 2006 and 2016, 520 patients were selected for retrospective investigation. Clinical and pathologic factors associated with positive peritoneal cytology were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions model. Disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier estimation and multivariate Cox regressions model.Results(i) The incidence of positive peritoneal cytology in EC patients was 9.0% (47/520). (ii) Multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factors of positive peritoneal cytology were nonendometrioid carcinoma (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–8.8, P = 0.001), tumor diameter ≥2 cm (OR = 3.2, 95% CI, 1.2–8.7, P = 0.023), cervical stromal invasion (OR = 2.9, 95% CI, 1.3–6.6, P = 0.009) and distant metastasis (OR = 6.5, 95% CI, 1.7–25.4, P = 0.007). (iii) The 5‐year DFS and 5‐year OS of the positive peritoneal cytology group were significantly lower compared with the negative group (54.0% vs 93.2%, P < 0.001; 63.6% vs 94.6%, P < 0.001). (iv) After other contributing factors were adjusted in the multivariable model, positive peritoneal cytology remained an independent predictor of decreased DFS (OR = 2.8, 95% CI, 1.3–6.0, P = 0.007) and OS (OR = 2.8, 95% CI, 1.0–7.2, P = 0.035).ConclusionPositive peritoneal cytology was an independent risk factor in EC patients. Even though it is no longer an indicator according to the current International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system, the peritoneal cytology status should still be considered for accurate risk stratification in EC.
Ovarian incision enhances folliculogenesis: A rat model
Authors: Takmaz Ozguc , Asoglu Mehmet Resit , Yuksel Bahar , Gungor Mete , Tokat Fatma , Kayhan Kerem Cavit , Ozaltin Selin , Dogan Murat , Buyru Faruk , Bastu Ercan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo determine whether performing incision on the surface of the ovarian cortex in rats advances follicular development.MethodsFive to seven separate superficial incisions were performed on the surface of right ovaries of 6‐7–month‐old albino Wistar rats. Daily 40 IU of gonadotropins were administered for 14 days. On the 15th day, both ovaries of the rats were removed. The right (incised) ovaries were compared with the contralateral ovaries in terms of ovary's weight, numbers of primordial, primary, secondary and antral follicles, their mean percentages and mean Ki‐67 proliferation indices.ResultsA total of 22 ovaries were evaluated, with 11 right ovaries (incised) and 11 left ovaries (non‐incised). The mean weight of ovaries was greater in the right ovaries than in the left ovaries; however, no statistical difference was found between them (0.77 ± 1.22 vs. 0.22 ± 0.08 gr, P = 0.159). The numbers of secondary and antral follicle were statistically higher in the right ovaries than in the left ovaries (4.4 ± 1.5 vs. 2.1 ± 1.6, P = 0.003 and 18.6 ± 8.7 vs. 11.3 ± 7.5, P = 0.046, respectively). The right ovaries also significantly differed from the left ovaries in terms of mean percentages of primordial and antral follicles (P < 0.05 for both). The mean Ki‐67 proliferation index had a marginal difference between the groups (P = 0.064).ConclusionPerforming incisions on the surface of the ovarian cortex in rats may advance the ovarian follicular development. Future animal studies may provide more evidence regarding potential benefits of mechanical stimulation to the ovaries.
Recognition of rust grade and rust ratio of steel structures based on ensembled convolutional neural network
Authors: Xu Jie , Gui Changqing , Han Qinghua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnsembled convolutional neural network (ECNN) was utilized to recognize the rust grade and rust ratio of steel structure to partially replace traditional visual inspection. The performance of ECNN was demonstrated by theoretical analysis and experimental verification, and the application scenarios of ECNN in the task of rust grade recognition and rust ratio recognition were discussed. The accuracy of ECNN classifier reached 93%, which improves upon the highest accuracy of 90% achieved by using a single classifier. By visualizing the misclassified images, it was found that the rust grade of misclassified image is indistinguishable and the classifiers show strong fault tolerance. The ensembled model is more robust than the single model in the task of rust ratio recognition. Gaussian blur was applied to the test images to study the effect of image blur on model performance, and the results show that the rust segmentation model was not susceptible to image blur.
A case of body dysmorphic disorder in an adolescent with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: Hammond Brittany Anne , Reeve Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report the case of an adolescent with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, who had obsessive‐compulsive disorder and was later diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). BDD is a highly distressing, adolescent‐onset disorder that may lead to social isolation, the development of comorbid mental health disorders and suicidality. Patients typically lack insight into their BDD and frequently present to dermatologists for medical treatment. In this paper, we address the challenges faced when working with patients with BDD.
Contemporary Land Questions in Sweden, Far‐Right Populist Strategies and Challenges for Inclusionary Rural Development
Authors: Alarcón Ferrari Cristián 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article analyses the rural politics and discursive strategies of the Sweden Democrats political party and contrasts them with the politics of movements proposing inclusionary rural development in Sweden. The article examines political and media documents on rural issues produced by the Sweden Democrats, uses documents of and interviews with representatives of rural development initiatives in Sweden and analyses relevant forest owners’ magazines. The results show that the defence of property rights and exclusionary politics are a prominent part of the populist strategy of the Sweden Democrats in rural areas and that technological development and mechanisation of forestry and agriculture become crucial challenges in articulating political efforts for inclusionary rural development in Sweden. The article concludes by highlighting differences between the Sweden Democrats’ populist strategies and the political efforts to build inclusionary rural politics in the context of contemporary land questions in Sweden.
What determines diagnostic resource consumption in emergency medicine: patients, physicians or context?
Authors: Hautz Wolf E , Sauter Thomas C , Hautz Stephanie C , Kämmer Juliane E , Schauber Stefan K , Birrenbach Tanja , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K , Stock Stephanie , Müller Martin 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesA major cause for concern about increasing ED visits is that ED care is expensive. Recent research suggests that ED resource consumption is affected by patients’ health status, varies between physicians and is context dependent. The aim of this study is to determine the relative proportion of characteristics of the patient, the physician and the context that contribute to ED resource consumption.MethodsData on patients, physicians and the context were obtained in a prospective observational cohort study of patients hospitalised to an internal medicine ward through the ED of the University Hospital Bern, Switzerland, between August and December 2015. Diagnostic resource consumption in the ED was modelled through a multilevel mixed effects linear regression.ResultsIn total, 473 eligible patients seen by one of 38 physicians were included in the study. Diagnostic resource consumption heavily depends on physicians’ ratings of case difficulty (p<0.001, z-standardised regression coefficient: 147.5, 95% CI 87.3 to 207.7) and—less surprising—on patients’ acuity (p<0.001, 126.0, 95% CI 65.5 to 186.6). Neither the physician per se, nor their experience, the patients’ chronic health status or the context seems to have a measurable impact (all p>0.05).ConclusionsDiagnostic resource consumption in the ED is heavily affected by physicians’ situational confidence. Whether we should aim at altering physician confidence ultimately depends on its calibration with accuracy.
Next-generation sequencing demonstrates the rarity of short kinase variants specific to quadruple wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Authors: Wong Newton A C S , Giger Olivier T , ten Hoopen Rogier , Casey Ruth T , Russell Kirsty , Faulkner Claire 
Published: July 2020

AimThere is no known specific biomarker or genetic signal for quadruple wild-type (qWT) gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs). By next-generation sequencing (NGS) of different GIST subgroups, this study aimed to characterise such a biomarker especially as a potential therapeutic target.Methods and resultsAn NGS panel of 672 kinase genes was applied to DNA extracted from 11 wild-type GISTs (including three qWT GISTs) and 5KIT/PDGFRAmutated GISTs. Short variants which were present in qWT GISTs but no other GIST subgroup were shortlisted. After removing common population variants, in silico-classified deleterious variants were found inCSNK2A1,MERTK,RHEB,ROCK1,PIKFYVEandTRRAP. None of these variants were demonstrated in a separate cohort of four qWT GISTs.ConclusionsShort kinase variants which are specific to qWT GISTs are rare and are not universally demonstrated by this whole subgroup. It is therefore possible that the current definition of qWT GIST still covers a heterogenous population.
Trends in participation rates in case–control studies of occupational risk factors 1991–2017
Authors: Sritharan Jeavana , Luo Yang , Harris M Anne 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveDeclining participation has been observed in previous epidemiological studies, could occupational risk factor epidemiology be particularly vulnerable to this trend? The objective of this study was to assess trends of participation rates in occupational case-control studies.MethodsFive prominent occupational and epidemiological journals were pre-selected and all articles published between 1991 and 2017 were screened for case-control studies of occupational risk factors for chronic disease outcomes. The primary independent variable was median year of data collection, while the primary outcome variable was reported participation rate. We conducted linear regression, adjusting for study characteristics that included study gender mix, location of recruitment, disease outcome, and data collection method.ResultsA total of 180 studies published in the five journals were included in the final analysis. The mean participation was higher for cases (78.9%) than for controls (71.5%). In linear regression, a significant trend of decreasing participation was observed for both cases with a percent change of −0.50 per year (95% CI −0.75 to −0.25) for cases and a percent change of −0.95 per year (95% CI −1.23 to −0.67) for controls. After adjustment for study gender mix, location, disease outcome, and data collection method, the trend remained statistically significant for both case and control groups.ConclusionDeclining participation rates in case-control studies of occupational risk factors may reflect an overall decline of participation in population-based samples. Lower participation rates introduce the potential for bias and may deter future population-based studies of occupational risk factors.
Bovine cysticercosis outbreak in an indoor beef finisher farm in the North of England
Authors: Macrelli Michele , Brena Camilla , Reichel Rudolf , Boufana Belgees , Mitchell Elizabeth Sian 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYBovine cysticercosis is a parasitic infection of cattle caused by the human tapeworm Taenia saginata. Bovine cysticercosis was identified by meat inspection in 4.7 per cent (18 out of 380) of the cattle submitted for slaughter, over an 8‐month period, from a beef finisher farm. This value is significantly higher compared with the 2019 annual rate of detection from England meat inspection data, which was 0.018 per cent. Two of the 18 carcases were condemned on the grounds of generalised bovine cysticercosis. Its involvement was investigated by histopathological examination and confirmed using PCR and sequencing. Animal and Plant Health Agency collected data regarding the feed, the source of livestock, the staff sanitary conditions, the husbandry system, management and the farm environment. The results indicated that the permanently housed cattle were most likely infected on the finisher unit by homemade grass silage produced from a field which was crossed by a public footpath and bordered by two camp sites.
Study on structure and magnetic properties of Cr3+-doped Ni–Cu–Co ferrites prepared by sol–gel method
Authors: Zuo Zhuo , Sun Aimin , Yu Lichao , Suo Nanzhaxi , Zhang Wei , Zhao Xiqian 
Published: July 2020

In this paper, nickel nitrate, copper nitrate, cobalt nitrate, ferric nitrate were used as raw materials, citric acid was used as a complexing agent, and chromium nitrate was used as a modifier to synthesize [Formula: see text] by sol–gel method. The sample was characterized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data on the sample showed that the particle size of the sample was 52.14–54.88 nm. The lattice constant varied from 8.3569 Å to 8.3758 Å. The data of Fourier infrared showed that the sample did not change with the structure of the doped sample of Cr ion and remained as the spinel type. It can be seen by SEM that the sample is irregularly spherical. Due to the doping of chromium ions, it appears agglomerated. Analysis of the elements of the sample by EDAX revealed that the sample contained Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, O and a peak corresponding to the Cr element was found in the sample having crion content of 0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.100. The magnetic properties of the samples were characterized using VSM. The data are processed to obtain magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization and coercivity.
DSM
Authors: Vakil Ghahani Seyed Armin , Kandemir Mahmut Taylan , Kotra Jagadish B. 
Published: July 2020

The number of cores and the capacities of main memory in modern systems have been growing significantly. Specifically, memory scaling, although at a slower pace than computation scaling, provided opportunities for very large DRAMs with Terabytes (TBs) capacity. Consequently, addressing the performance and energy consumption bottlenecks of DRAMs is more important than ever.
DRAM memory refresh operation is one of the main contributing factors to the memory overheads, especially for large capacity DRAMs used in modern servers and emerging large-scale data centers. This paper addresses the memory refresh problem by leveraging the fact that most cloud servers host virtualized systems that use similar kernels, libraries, etc. We propose and experimentally evaluate a novel approach that exploits this observation to address the DRAM refresh overhead in such systems.
More specifically, in this work, we present DSM, a light-weight hardware extension in memory controller to detect the pages with same content in memory and refresh only one of them and redirect the requests to the others to this page. Our detailed experimental analysis shows that the proposed DSM design can reduce 99th percentile memory access latency by up to 2.01x, and it also reduces the overall memory energy consumption by up to 8.5%.
Physical Activity Does Not Lower the Risk of Lung Cancer
Authors: Baumeister Sebastian-Edgar , Leitzmann Michael F. , Bahls Martin , Meisinger Christa , Amos Christopher I. , Hung Rayjean J. , Teumer Alexander , Baurecht Hansjörg 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Observational studies have suggested that physical activity might lower the risk of lung cancer in former and current smokers, but not in never-smokers. Using genetic instruments for self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity traits implemented through two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we sought to strengthen the evidence for causality. We used 18 genome-wide significant (P &lt; 5 × 10−8) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and seven SNP for accelerometer-measured (“average acceleration”) physical activity from up to 377,234 UK Biobank participants and evaluated these in relation to risk using 29,266 lung cancer cases (including 11,273 adenocarcinomas, 7,426 squamous cell carcinoma, and 2,664 small-cell carcinoma cases) and 56,450 controls. MR analysis suggested no effect of self-reported physical activity [OR (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 0.67 (0.42–1.05); P = 0.081; Q-value = 0.243] and accelerometer-measured activity [OR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0.93–1.03); P = 0.372; Q-value = 0.562] on lung cancer. There was no evidence for associations of physical activity with histologic types and lung cancer in ever and never smokers. Replication analysis using genetic instruments from a different genome-wide study and sensitivity analysis to address potential pleiotropic effects led to no substantive change in estimates. Collectively, these findings do not support a protective relationship between physical activity and the risk of lung cancer.

Significance:
A new genetic study provides little evidence that recommending physical activity would help prevent lung cancer.
Low-Dose Metformin Reprograms the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Human Esophageal Cancer: Results of a Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: Wang Shuhong , Lin Yusheng , Xiong Xiao , Wang Lu , Guo Yi , Chen Yuping , Chen Shaobin , Wang Geng , Lin Peng , Chen Hongcai , Yeung Sai-Ching Jim , Bremer Edwin , Zhang Hao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has an important impact on response to cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors. Specifically, an “infiltrated-excluded”/“cold” TIME is predictive of poor response. The antidiabetic agent metformin may influence anticancer immunity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Experimental Design:
We analyzed matched pre- and posttreatment ESCC specimens in a phase II clinical trial of low-dose metformin treatment (250 mg/day) to evaluate direct anti-ESCC activity and TIME reprogramming. Follow-up correlative studies using a carcinogen-induced ESCC mouse model were performed with short-term (1 week) or long-term (12 weeks) low-dose metformin (50 mg/kg/day) treatment.

Results:
In the clinical trial, low-dose metformin did not affect proliferation or apoptosis in ESCC tumors as assayed by Ki67 and cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining. However, metformin reprogrammed the TIME toward “infiltrated-inflamed” and increased the numbers of infiltrated CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte and CD20+ B lymphocyte. Further, an increase in tumor-suppressive (CD11c+) and a decrease in tumor-promoting (CD163+) macrophages were observed. Metformin augmented macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of ESCC cells in vitro. In the ESCC mouse model, short-term metformin treatment reprogrammed the TIME in a similar fashion to humans, whereas long-term treatment further shifted the TIME toward an active state (e.g., reduction in CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells) and inhibited ESCC growth. In both humans and mice, metformin triggered AMPK activation and STAT3 inactivation, and altered the production of effector cytokines (i.e., TNFα, IFNγ, and IL10) in the immune cells.

Conclusions:
Low-dose metformin reprograms the TIME to an activated status and may be a suitable immune response modifier for further investigation in patients with ESCC.