bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune Gastritis in Pediatrics
Authors: Mitsinikos Tania , Shillingford Nick , Cynamon Harry , Bhardwaj Vrinda 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:To bring heightened awareness to a condition, autoimmune gastritis (AIG), which is a well‐established entity in adults; however, rarely described in pediatrics. Currently, the literature describes AIG in pediatric patients who also suffer from other autoimmune disorders, which precedes the diagnosis of AIG, and often presents with unexplained anemia. Additionally, there have been case reports describing patients with immunodeficiencies and AIG, which progress to gastric adenocarcinoma. AIG is a histopathologic diagnosis, demonstrating chronic inflammatory process with loss of parietal cells with or without intestinal metaplasia and enterochromaffin‐like cell hyperplasia. Management of these patients includes nutritional replacement as well as routine surveillance endoscopy with biopsy in search of metaplastic and dysplastic changes.Methods:We queried the pathology database at Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) for cases with a final diagnosis of AIG and for those with a differential diagnosis that includes AIG in the diagnostic comment. All cases that were identified were selected as long as they did not only meet the histopathologic criteria, but also the biochemical criteria for this condition.Results:Of the 3 patients, 2 were referred to gastroenterology for the evaluation of iron‐deficiency anemia in the context of diabetes mellitus and Addison's disease; and diabetes mellitus and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AIG was confirmed on the biopsies, which showed a reduction in parietal cell mass, pseudopyloric metaplasia and enterochromafin‐like cell hyperplasia. Both patients were treated with iron replacement therapy. The third patient presented with symptomatic anemia and diagnosed with pernicious anemia without other autoimmune disorders. She was successfully treated with oral vitamin supplementation. In this case, serial gastric biopsies demonstrated stable intestinal metaplasia without evidence of dysplasia.Conclusion:Although AIG is rare in children, pediatric gastroenterologists and pathologists should have a heightened suspicion for this entity in those patients with a history of autoimmune disorders and/or pernicious anemia.
Cold External Temperatures and Sickle Cell Morbidity in Children: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Wachnian Cielle , Tompkins Nicholas , Corriveau-Bourque Catherine , Belletrutti Mark , Bruce Aisha A.K. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Genetic and environmental factors affect the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Research provides inconsistent evidence on how environmental temperature affects SCD. Edmonton, Alberta, has an increasing SCD population and is the northern-most city in North America with a population of over a million.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to identify whether pediatric patients with SCD experience increased morbidity in cold external temperatures.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a retrospective case series. Emergency visits, phone calls, and admission data for VOC in children were recorded from July 2011 to June 2016. Temperatures were recorded and statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, to determine the relation to VOC.

Results:
A total of 118 patients with 257 VOC events were reviewed. When analyzing the mean, minimum, and change in temperatures at presentation, the largest percentage of VOC events occurred at mild to moderate temperatures. Temperature data at 24 and 48 hours before the presentation had similar results. When accounting for the relative frequency of extreme weather days, there are increased VOC events with temperature fluctuations >20°C.

Conclusions:
There was no correlation between mean and minimum temperature change. Fluctuation in temperature of >20°C was associated with increased relative VOC frequency, suggesting that large temperature variability should be avoided in SCD, but a prospective study is required to determine causality.
PICU Admission Rates in Pediatric Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients Receiving High-flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy on the General Ward
Authors: van Dorst Mila , van Gestel Josephus P.J. , van Grotel Martine , Versluijs Birgitta , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. , Nijman Joppe , Wösten-van Asperen Roelie M. 
Published: November 2019

Summary:
The use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is growing as an alternative to standard oxygen. However, its use in patients treated for malignancies, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients, is controversial. In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed outcomes of pediatric cancer and HSCT patients (including nonmalignant indications) with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure treated with HFNC on the ward. Among 39 patients included in the study, 53 episodes of HFNC treatment were analyzed. Of these episodes, 18 (34%) failed and patients required subsequently pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. A significant median higher C reactive protein (175 [range, 72 to 308] vs. 80 [13.5 to 187.8] mg/dL; P=0.006) and higher Bedside Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) 1 to 4 hours after initiation of HFNC (10.1±0.8 vs. 7.1±0.4; P=0.001) was found in the failure group compared with the nonfailure group. Among the 18 patients admitted to PICU, 14 (78%) needed intubation. Five (28%) patients died during their PICU admission. In summary, one third of the pediatric cancer and HSCT patients receiving HFNC on the ward eventually required PICU admission of which 78% were intubated. C reactive protein and BedsidePEWS 1 to 4 hours after initiation of HFNC were significantly associated with the need for PICU admission. However, no firm conclusion can be drawn whether HFNC treatment should actually be initiated in the ward in this vulnerable patient population. Larger, prospective studies are needed to evaluate the most appropriate treatment and setting (PICU or general ward) for these patients.
Emerging Views of Kinships Created Through Oocyte Donation
Authors: Hershberger Patricia E. , Driessnack Martha , Kavanaugh Karen , Klock Susan C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background:
The United States has the highest number of oocyte donation cycles, which account for an estimated one-quarter of all worldwide oocyte donation cycles. Although there has been a steady rise in oocyte donation treatment, understanding the kinship views of those intimately involved is lacking. These include women oocyte donors and parents who received donor oocytes to establish a pregnancy.

Purpose:
To explore the views and perspectives about genetic relationships and lineages among women who were oocyte donors and parents who received donated oocytes 10 to 12 years after donors and parents underwent oocyte donation procedures to establish a pregnancy.

Study Design and Methods:
A longitudinal cohort of pregnant women who received donor oocytes participated in an expanded, follow-up study 12 years postpregnancy that included the women's heterosexual partners and biological fathers. Women who donated oocytes anonymously 10 to 12 years prior also participated. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze participants' in-depth interviews.

Results:
Six women who received donor oocytes and their heterosexual partners and biological fathers (n = 6), representing 12 children conceived by oocyte donation, and 3 women who donated oocytes anonymously representing 3 children participated. Themes that emerged from the women oocyte donors included a reexamination of anonymity and contact with recipient families, managing disclosure to their own children about possible half-siblings, and potential for consanguinity. For recipient parents, there was an overwhelming sense of gratitude to the women oocyte donors, concerns about navigating genetic information gaps, and contemplating future contact with the donors and/or half-siblings.

Clinical Implications:
Nurses can play a vital role in supporting and educating women oocyte donors and recipient parents about navigating complex relationship issues in donor kinships.
Neurological Soft Signs and Clinical Features of Tic-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Indicate a Unique Subtype
Authors: Ekinci Okan , Erkan Ekinci Asli 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Tic-related obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may be a unique OCD subtype. This study examined whether neurological soft signs (NSSs) of patients with tic-related and tic-free OCD enable discrimination of these subgroups. We used the Neurological Evaluation Scale to assess 32 patients with tic-related and 94 with tic-free OCD, as well as 84 controls. Most patients with tic-related OCD were male, with earlier illness onset and poorer insight scores than those of patients with tic-free OCD. Patients with tic-related OCD had poorer motor coordination, sensory integration, and motor sequencing than did tic-free patients. Logistic regression using NSS subscale scores predicted tic-related OCD. Patients with tic-related OCD displayed greater neurodevelopmental abnormalities than did tic-free patients. NSSs of the former group suggest the need to separate this subgroup. Our results also support the newly introduced tic-related specifier in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.
Self-Management Behaviors, Glycemic Control, and Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ji Meihua , Ren Dianxu , Dunbar-Jacob Jacqueline , Gary-Webb Tiffany L. , Erlen Judith A. 
Published: November 2019

Background
Diabetes self-management and glycemic control are suboptimal among Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes with a large proportion of patients identified with metabolic syndrome.

Objectives
Based on social cognitive theory, this study examines the effect of selected personal, behavioral, and environmental factors on self-management behaviors, glycemic control, metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 207 Chinese with Type 2 diabetes living in a suburban area of Beijing, China. Regression models were applied to examine the effect of selected personal, behavioral, and environmental factors on self-management behaviors, glycemic control, and metabolic syndrome. The relationship among individual self-management behaviors, glycemic control, and metabolic syndrome was also examined.

Results
Self-efficacy was significantly associated with all self-management behaviors. Social support was related to overall self-management, diabetes knowledge was related to diet, and depressive symptoms was related to self-monitoring. Problem-solving and self-management behaviors related to medication adherence and diet were significant correlates of glycemic control. Health literacy and self-management behaviors related to physical activity were correlates of metabolic syndrome.

Discussion
Findings suggest that a multifactorial approach may be beneficial when providing care for Chinese with Type 2 diabetes. In addition, these findings provide support for developing and testing tailored interventions that address problem-solving, health literacy, and self-efficacy, among other factors, to help patients achieve optimal glycemic control and thereby reduce their risk for metabolic syndrome and related complications.
Papilledema and Peripheral Neuropathies
Authors: Mathis Stéphane , Le Masson Gwendal , Soulages Antoine , Duval Fanny , Solé Guilhem , Boissonnot Michèle , Lathière Thomas , Bonduelle Thomas , Carla Louis , Nadal Louis , Baron Clément , Balaboi Irina , Ciron Jonathan , Vallat Jean-Michel 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Papilledema is a common sign in ophthalmology and is typically associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in neurological diseases. Since the beginning of the 20th century, some cases of papilledema have been reported in association with acute or chronic inflammatory neuropathies.

Case Report:
We describe a 42-year-old man with acute-onset inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy and bilateral papilledema.

Conclusions:
Based on a personal case report and from an extensive review of the medical literature, we identify 2 distinct patterns. First, radiculoneuropathy may be a consequence of intracranial pressure (peripheral nerve involvement corresponding to a “false localizing sign”). Second, papilledema may occur after the onset of inflammatory neuropathy. For such cases, the pathophysiological mechanism remains unknown (eg, reactional inflammatory processes or actions of unknown autoantibodies) and requires further elucidation.
Successful Thrombolysis in the Setting of Marfan Syndrome and Chronic Aortic Dissection
Authors: Malek Elia G. , Nasreddine Wassim , Makki Achraf 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Thrombolysis is the standard of care in acute ischemic stroke. It is usually contraindicated in patients with aortic dissection.

Case Report:
We report a case of Marfan syndrome and chronic aortic dissection presenting with acute ischemic stroke treated with thrombolysis.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this is the first case of Marfan syndrome with chronic aortic dissection undergoing thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke with a near-complete recovery of neurological deficit and favorable long-term outcome.
Leukoencephalopathy With Predominant Infratentorial Involvement Caused by a Novel ABCD1 Mutation
Authors: Benzoni Chiara , Farina Laura , Pensato Viviana , Marotta Giorgio , Kuqo Altin , Mauro Elena , Pareyson Davide , Salsano Ettore 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) encompasses several clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes, including cerebral X-ALD, the most common phenotype in children, and adrenomyeloneuropathy, the most common phenotype in adults. A spinocerebellar variant of X-ALD has been described in individuals from the Far East, but the criteria for its diagnosis are unclear.

Case Report:
A 35-year-old man from Albania was assessed because of a familial, slowly progressive spastic-ataxic gait associated with neurogenic bladder, sexual dysfunctions, and manic-like behavior. There was no definite clinical feature that suggested cerebellar involvement (eg, cerebellar limb ataxia, nystagmus, and dysarthria). A few months earlier, he had received a diagnosis of Addison disease. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a leukoencephalopathy with predominant cerebellum and brainstem involvement, and 18FDG-PET revealed marked cerebellar hypometabolism. The diagnosis of X-ALD was made because we found an increase of very long chain fatty acids, and a new ABCD1 mutation (c.1627C>T, p.Pro543Ser).

Conclusions:
X-ALD should be included in the differential diagnosis of adult leukoencephalopathies with predominant involvement of infratentorial structures, that is, the cerebellum and brainstem. From a classification perspective, our patient (of white origin), like others (all of Asian origin), should be considered as suffering from a variant of adrenomyeloneuropathy rather than from spinocerebellar X-ALD. Actually, the term “spinocerebellar” or similar ones, such as “cerebello-brainstem dominant form,” should be limited to those exceptional cases, in which both the clinical and neuroimaging findings point exclusively (or at least predominantly) to the involvement of infratentorial structures.
Bronzino’s Claw Hand
Authors: Allen Nicholas Peter Legh 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Lancet recently published an article concerning a work of art by Bronzino (1503-1572). Apart from incorrectly identifying Bronzino as a Renaissance artist, Vein and Mouret (2018) make an extraordinary medical claim based on their observation of the artistic image of the left hand of the sitter in Bronzino’s Mannerist Portrait of Bartolomeo Panciatichi (1540s). In short, seemingly without even a basic understanding of the tenets of Mannerist painting or the specifics of Bronzino’s enormous oeuvre, Vein and Mouret (2018) claim that Bronzino’s subject, Bartolomeo Panciatichi (1507-1582) was suffering from “a unilateral ulnar pathology.”

Methods:
The author analyses the image of Bartolomeo Panciatichi from an art historical perspective involving both formal analysis and stylistic analysis.

Results:
The specific portrayal of Panciatichi’s “claw hand” is more correctly a product of creative genius, designed to elicit an emotional response of “disquiet” from the informed spectator.

Conclusion:
There is in fact no portrayal of a unilateral ulnar pathology. If it were, then it means that many of Bronzino’s subjects suffered from exactly the same condition.
An Analysis of User Survey Data for an Internet Program for Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections, I Want the Kit, in Maryland and Washington, DC
Authors: Hogenson Eiluned , Jett-Goheen Mary , Gaydos Charlotte A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We evaluated the results of an acceptability survey administered online to users of I Want the Kit, which offers Internet-requested kits for sexually transmitted infection screening. User satisfaction was high for I Want the Kit, with many users in our survey being repeat patients of this program. Both male and female respondents preferred genital self-collected swabs over urine collected specimens. Strong interest was expressed in home testing options for other sexually transmitted infections.
Clinicians' Use of Intravaginal Boric Acid Maintenance Therapy for Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Powell Anna , Ghanem Khalil G. , Rogers Linda , Zinalabedini Ashley , Brotman Rebecca M. , Zenilman Jonathan , Tuddenham Susan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A retrospective chart review characterized clinicians' use of maintenance intravaginal boric acid for women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis or bacterial vaginosis. Average length of use was 13 months with high patient satisfaction and few adverse events. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of maintenance boric acid for these conditions.
Pharyngeal Gonococcal Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Network of Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics; Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Network—January 2016 to June 2018
Authors: Llata Eloisa , Braxton Jim , Asbel Lenore , Huspeni Dawn , Hsu Katherine , Kerani Roxanne P. , Nguyen Trang Quyen , Pathela Preeti , Schumacher Christina , Toevs Kim , Torrone Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using sexually transmitted disease clinic data to determine test of cure rates among persons diagnosed with pharyngeal gonococcal infections who were treated with a nonceftriaxone, nonazithromycin therapy. Less than 10% returned for a test of cure, highlighting the need to understand factors that can lead to improved compliance.
Time Trends in First-Episode Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in an Urban Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic
Authors: Dabestani Nazila , Katz David A. , Dombrowski Julia , Magaret Amalia , Wald Anna , Johnston Christine 
Published: November 2019

Background
Genital herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has emerged as the leading cause of first-episode genital herpes among specific populations in the United States, such as adolescents, young adult women, and men who have sex with men (MSM). We examined trends in the etiology of first-episode genital herpes diagnoses over time in a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic population.

Methods
Using an electronic database, we identified persons diagnosed as having first-episode genital herpes at Public Health – Seattle & King County STD Clinic from 1993 to 2014 and compared risk factors for genital HSV-1 versus herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection.

Results
Of 52,030 patients with genital ulcers, 3065 (6.15%) had first-episode genital herpes infection: 1022 (33.3%) with HSV-1 and 2043 (67.7%) with HSV-2. Overall, 1154 (37.7%) were women, the median age was 28 years (interquartile range, 24–36 years), 1875 (61.2%) patients were white, and 353 (11.5%) were MSM. The number of patients diagnosed as having first-episode genital HSV-2 declined on average by 5.5 persons per year, from 208 in 1993 to 35 in 2014 (change of −5.6 per year; 95% confidence interval [CI], −6.9 to −4.1), whereas HSV-1 diagnoses remained stable at approximately 50 per year (change of 0.2; 95% CI, −0.4 to 0.9). In a multivariate model, persons diagnosed as having first-episode genital HSV-1 rather than genital HSV-2 infection were more likely to be younger (age <30 years [relative risk {RR}, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.22–1.55]), white (RR, 3.16; 95% CI, 2.57–3.88), and MSM (RR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.31–1.71).

Conclusions
We observed a significant decrease in the frequency of first-episode genital HSV-2 and a stable number of first-episode genital HSV-1 infections in a STD clinic over the last 2 decades.
Single and Repeated Use of the Emergency Department for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Care
Authors: Bergquist Eleanor Peters , Trolard Anne , Zhao Yueming , Kuhlmann Anne Sebert , Loux Travis , Liang Stephen Y. , Stoner Bradley P. , Reno Hilary 
Published: November 2019

Objective
Chlamydia and gonorrhea infection rates are rising in the United States, and the emergency department (ED) is increasingly a site where individuals seek care for these infections, sometimes more than once. This article investigates how individuals who use the ED more than once and receive chlamydia and gonorrhea care differ from individuals who are single users of the ED, as well as characteristics associated with being a repeat user of the ED.

Methods
We analyzed 46,964 visits made by individuals who attended 1 of 4 EDs from January 1, 2010, to May 31, 2016, and received a test for chlamydia and gonorrhea infection. We used negative binomial regression to test the ability of age, sex, race, infection status, and insurance status to predict number of visits.

Results
Individuals who used the ED more than once and received chlamydia and gonorrhea care were at their first visit more likely to be younger (incident rate ratio [IRR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97–0.98 per year) nonpregnant female (IRR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.06–1.42), black (IRR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.04–1.57), and have no or public insurance compared with single users of the ED.

Discussions
Individuals likely to make multiple visits to the ED and receive chlamydia and gonorrhea care may be identifiable on their first visit and potentially directed elsewhere during subsequent visits for more comprehensive and potentially less expensive sexually transmitted disease care.