bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rapid approach to optimize the design of fragrances for fabric care products
Authors: Zhan Wenting , Doro Franco , Teixeira Miguel A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe design of fragrances for laundry products which deliver a prolonged odor intensity at key consumer touch points is an ongoing challenge in the fragrance industry. Current fragrance development practices are based on the combination of perfumery expertise (eg creation of classic and modern odor themes such as Chypre or Fougère) with technical know‐how (eg chemical–physical properties of fragrance ingredients). However, due to the complexity of such multi‐component mixtures this process still requires a significant number of trial and error cycles throughout the fragrance development process to achieve the desired odor intensity and character requirements. To improve the efficiency of the fragrance development process, we have combined simple, high throughput analytical methods with psychophysical models, to predict the intensity and character of fragrances at three key consumer touch points for laundry products. The predicted results have shown a good agreement with experimental ones, making this approach useful in the early research phase for defining the structure/backbone of highly performing fragrance themes.
The geography of suicide in older adults in Hong Kong: An ecological study
Authors: Guo Yingqi , Chau Patsy P.H. , Chang Qingsong , Woo Jean , Wong Moses , Yip Paul S.F. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThe geography of suicide has been widely explored among the general population. However, little is known of the geographic variations in suicides among the older adults and their spatial correlates. This study aims to explore the spatial variations in the elderly suicide rates and their correlates in Hong Kong.MethodsBayesian hierarchical models have been used to estimate smoothed standardized mortality ratios (2006‐2015) on suicide in people aged 65 years or older in each geographic unit in Hong Kong. Their associations with the Social Vulnerability Index and the accessibility of eight types of services (ie, recreational services, rehabilitation services, food services, daily necessity services, community services, and transportation services) were further analyzed.ResultsThe results suggested that compared with the simple “inner‐city high suicide rate and suburban low” pattern in the Western studies and the “central low suicide rate and peripheral high” pattern in the Asian studies, the spatial variations of elderly suicides in Hong Kong exhibit a much more complicated pattern. In Hong Kong, higher elderly suicide clusters were found in both the lower‐density areas located in the New Territories and in some inner‐city areas. The spatial variations of suicide in the older adults cannot be explained by the Social Vulnerability Index. Instead, service provision such as recreational services, daily necessity resources, and community centers played a more significant role in affecting suicides in the older adults.ConclusionsStrengthening public services, providing more public spaces and activities, and making good use of the community resources might be key and efficient strategies in elderly suicide prevention in Hong Kong.Key points

The spatial variations of elderly suicides in Hong Kong show a much more complicated pattern compared with the simple “inner‐city high suicide rate and suburban low” pattern in the Western countries and the “central low suicide rate and peripheral high” pattern in some of the Asian countries.
In Hong Kong, suicide rates in the city centers were not higher than the average in the city. Clusters of higher suicide rates were mainly found in the New Territories, which is somewhat disconnected from the city and, in some inner‐city neighborhoods, with high‐density population.
The spatial variations of suicide in the older adults in Hong Kong cannot be explained by the neighborhood Social Vulnerability Index as in the existing literature.
Neighborhood service provision such as recreational services, daily necessity resources, and community centers played a significant role in affecting suicides in the older adults in Hong Kong.
Preliminary clinical experience with the 4 K3‐dimensional microvideoscope (VITOM 3D) system for free flap head and neck reconstruction
Authors: De Virgilio Armando , Mercante Giuseppe , Gaino Francesca , Yiu Phil , Mondello Tiziana , Malvezzi Luca , Colombo Giovanni , Pellini Raul , Spriano Giuseppe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo demonstrate the use of a 4 K 3‐dimensional microvideoscope (VITOM 3D) system for free flap head and neck reconstruction.MethodsClinical human study of free flap harvesting and microvascular anastomosis in patients undergoing reconstruction after ablative surgery for head and neck carcinoma. The video shows the harvesting of a chimeric myofascial/fascio‐cutaneous anterolateral thigh free flap and microvascular anastomosis using different techniques.ResultsThe VITOM 3D exoscope system provided sufficient access, reach, and visualization to perform successfully free flap harvesting and microvascular anastomosis. Using the 3D glasses, both surgeons and nurses can have the same visualization throughout the entire procedure. We performed 10 arterial and venous anastomosis without significant complications.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the technical feasibility of free flap harvesting and microvascular anastomosis using the 4 K3‐Dimensional Microvideoscope (VITOM 3D) System.
Influences of forest canopy on snowpack accumulation and isotope ratios
Authors: von Freyberg Jana , Bjarnadóttir Tanja Rut , Allen Scott Thomas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe stable water isotopes, 2H and 18O, can be useful environmental tracers for quantifying snow contributions to streams and aquifers, but characterizing the isotopic signatures of bulk snowpacks is challenging because they can be highly variable across the catchment landscape. In this study, we investigate one major source of isotopic heterogeneity in snowpacks: the influence of canopy cover. We measured amounts and isotopic compositions of bulk snowpack, throughfall, and open precipitation during seven campaigns in mid‐winter 2018 along forest‐grassland transects at three different elevations (1196, 1297, and 1434 m above sea level) in a pre‐Alpine catchment in Switzerland. Snowpack storages under forest canopies were 67 to 93% less than in adjacent open grasslands. On average, the water isotope ratios were higher in the snowpacks under forest canopy than in open grasslands (by 13.4 ‰ in δ2H and 2.3 ‰ in δ18O). This isotopic difference mirrored the higher isotope values in throughfall compared with open snowfall (by 13.5 ‰ in δ2H and 2.2 ‰ in δ18O). Although this may suggest that most of the isotopic differences in snowpacks under forests versus in open grasslands were attributable to canopy interception effects, the temporal evolution of snowpack isotope ratios indicated preferential effluxes of lighter isotopes as energy inputs increased and the snowpack ripened and melted. Understanding these effects of forest canopy on bulk snowpack snow water equivalent and isotopic composition are useful when using isotopes to infer snowmelt processes in landscapes with varying forest cover.
The impact of flow discharge on the hydraulic characteristics of headcut erosion processes in the gully region of the Loess Plateau
Authors: Shi Qianhua , Wang Wenlong , Guo Mingming , Chen Zhuoxin , Feng Lanqian , Zhao Man , Xiao Hai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHeadcut erosion is associated with major hydraulic changes induced by the gully head of concentrated flow. However, the variation in the hydraulic characteristics of the headcut erosion process is still not clear in the gully region of the Loess Plateau. A series of rainfall combined scouring experiments (flow discharges ranging from 3.6 to 7.2 m3 hr−1, with 0.8 mm min−1 rainfall intensity) were conducted on experimental plots to clarify the variation in the hydraulic parameters induced by gully head and erosion processes under different flow discharges. The results showed that concentrated flows in the catchment area and gully bed were turbulent (Reynolds number ranging from 1,876 to 6,693) and transformed between supercritical and subcritical (Froude number ranging from 0.96 to 3.73). The hydraulic parameters, such as the flow velocity, Reynolds number, shear stress, stream power, Darcy–Weisbach friction factor, and unit stream power in the catchment area were 0.45–0.59 m s−1, 2086–6693, 1.96–5.33 Pa, 0.89–2.86 W m−2, 0.08–0.16, and 0.023–0.031 m s−1, respectively. When the concentrated flows dropped from the gully head, the hydraulic parameters in the gully bed decreased by 3.39–26.07%, 1.49–29.99%, 65.19–67.14%, 67.25–74.96%, 28.53–61.31%, and 67.82–77.14%, respectively, which contributed to the flow energy consumption at the gully head. As flow discharge increased, Reynolds number, shear stress, and stream power increased, while flow velocity, Froude number, unit stream power, and Darcy–Weisbach friction factor did not. The flow energy consumption at the gully head was 9.66–10.13, 13.25–13.74, 15.68–16.41, and 19.28–20.25 J s−1, respectively, under different flow discharges and accounted for 60.58–68.50% of the flow energy consumption of the experimental plots. Generally, the sediment discharges increased rapidly at the initial stage, then increased slowly, and finally reached a steady state condition, which showed a significant declining logarithmic trend with experimental duration (P<.01) and increased with increasing flow discharge. Accordingly, the flow energy consumption was significantly correlated with the sediment yield. These findings could improve our understanding of the hydraulic properties and flow energy characteristics of headcut erosion.
Does financial crisis impact earnings management? Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Türegün Nida 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study attempts to display the impact of global financial crisis of 2008 on earnings management (EM) compare with the period before and after with the case of listed manufacturing firms in Borsa Istanbul for the period of 2007–2012. Furthermore, it deepens the EM literature by concentrating on an emerging economy. Discretionary accruals (DA) were computed using the modified Jones model as a measure of EM. Moreover, this study examines EM behavior by separating firms into firms with positive and negative DA. The results of this study registered a high level of EM in firms throughout the postcrisis period.
Use of Propofol Plus Dexmedetomidine in Patients Experiencing Severe Alcohol Withdrawal in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Love Kaylie , Zimmermann Anthony E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlcohol abuse and alcohol withdrawal syndrome are major problems in the United States. This retrospective chart review assessed efficacy and safety of propofol plus dexmedetomidine used in combination as adjunctive therapy to benzodiazepines compared with either agent used alone in the treatment of severe alcohol withdrawal. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit and experiencing severe alcohol withdrawal between September 1, 2015 and September 30, 2018 were assessed for eligibility. Primary end points were change in the revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol scale (CIWA‐Ar) score and incidence of bradycardia and hypotension. The combination of propofol and dexmedetomidine was associated with a change in CIWA‐Ar score of −10.4 (95%CI −13.5 to −7.3) points compared with −4.7 (95%CI −6.6 to −2.8) points with propofol and −4.4 (95%CI −7.4 to −1.4) with dexmedetomidine (P = .21). Bradycardia was experienced by 11.1% of patients receiving the combination, 15.4% of patients receiving propofol, and 28.6% of patients receiving dexmedetomidine (P = .40). Patients receiving dexmedetomidine experienced hypotension at a rate of 21.4% compared with 22.2% of patients receiving the combination and 38.5% of patients receiving propofol (P = .08). Patients in the combination group also had a shorter length of hospital and intensive care unit stay and shorter time to extubation when compared with the propofol and dexmedetomidine groups. Although no statistical significance was found, the combination was associated with better efficacy and safety outcomes than produced by either agent used alone.
A multicenter prospective registration study on laparoscopic pancreatectomy in Japan: report on the assessment of 1,429 patients
Authors: Ohtsuka Takao , Nagakawa Yuichi , Toyama Hirochika , Takeda Yutaka , Maeda Atsuyuki , Kumamoto Yusuke , Nakamura Yoshiharu , Hashida Kazuki , Honda Goro , Fukuzawa Kengo , Toyoda Eiji , Tanabe Minoru , Gotohda Naoto , Matsumoto Ippei , Ryu Tomoki , Uyama Ichiro , Kojima Toru , Unno Michiaki , Ichikawa Daisuke , Inoue Yosuke , Matsukawa Hiroyoshi , Sudo Takeshi , Takaori Kyoichi , Yamaue Hiroki , Eguchi Susumu , Tahara Munenori , Shinzeki Makoto , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Kurata Masanao , Morimoto Mamoru , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Marubashi Shigeru , Inomata Masafumi , Kimura Kenjiro , Amaya Koji , Sho Masayuki , Yoshida Ryuichi , Murata Akihiro , Yoshitomi Hideyuki , Hakamada Kenichi , Yasunaga Masafumi , Abe Nobutsugu , Hioki Masayoshi , Tsuchiya Masaru , Misawa Takeyuki , Seyama Yasuji , Noshiro Hirokazu , Sakamoto Eiji , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kawabata Yasunari , Uchida Yoichiro , Kameyama Shinichiro , Ko Saiho , Takao Takashi , Kitahara Kenji , Nakahira Shin , Baba Hideo , Watanabe Masahiko , Yamamoto Masakazu , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundProspective studies are needed to understand the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic pancreatectomy. The aim of the present study was to describe laparoscopic pancreatectomy currently undertaken in Japan, using a prospective registration system.MethodsPatient characteristics and planned operations were registered preoperatively, and then the performed operation and outcomes were reported using an online system. Collected data were also compared between institutions based on their level of experience. This study was registered with UMIN000022836.ResultsAvailable data were obtained from 1,429 patients at 100 Japanese institutions, including 1,197 laparoscopic distal pancreatectomies (LDPs) and 232 laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomies (LPDs). The rates of completion for planned operations were 92% for LDP and 91% for LPD. Postoperative complication rates after LDP and LPD were 17% and 30%, and 90‐day mortality rates were 0.3% and 0.4%, respectively. Shorter operation time, less blood loss, and lower incidence of pancreatic fistula were observed in institutions experienced in LDP. A higher rate of pure laparoscopic procedure and shorter operation time were noted in institutions experienced with LPD.ConclusionLDPs and LPDs are performed safely in Japan, especially in experienced institutions. Our data could support the next challenges in the field of laparoscopic pancreatectomy.
Applying the Behavioural and Social Sciences Research (BSSR) Functional Framework to HIV Cure Research
Authors: Dubé Karine , Auerbach Judith D , Stirratt Michael J , Gaist Paul 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe search for an HIV cure involves important behavioural and social processes that complement the domains of biomedicine. However, the field has yet to tap into the full potential of behavioural and social sciences research (BSSR). In this article, we apply Gaist and Stirratt’s BSSR Functional Framework to the field of HIV cure research.DiscussionThe BSSR Functional Framework describes four key research domains: (1) basic BSSR (understanding basic behavioural and social factors), (2) elemental BSSR (advancing behavioural and social interventions), (3) supportive BSSR (strengthening biomedically focused clinical trials), and (4) integrative BSSR (building multi‐disciplinary combination approaches for real‐world implementation). In revisiting and applying the BSSR Functional Framework, we clarify the importance of BSSR in HIV cure research by drawing attention to such things as: how language and communication affect the meaning of “cure” to people living with HIV (PLHIV) and broader communities; how cure affects the identity and social position of PLHIV; counselling and support interventions to address the psychosocial needs and concerns of study participants related to analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs); risk reduction in the course of ATI study participation; motivation, acceptability, and decision‐making processes of potential study participants related to different cure strategies; HIV care providers’ perceptions and attitudes about their patients’ participation in cure research; potential social harms or adverse social events associated with cure research participation; and the scalability of a proven cure strategy in the context of further advances in HIV prevention and treatment. We also discuss the BSSR Functional Framework in the context of ATIs, which involve processes at the confluence of the BSSR domains.ConclusionsTo move HIV cure regimens through the translational research pathway, attention will need to be paid to both biomedical and socio‐behavioural elements. BSSR can contribute an improved understanding of the human and social dimensions related to HIV cure research and the eventual application of HIV cure regimens. The BSSR Functional Framework provides a way to identify advances, gaps and opportunities to craft an integrated, multi‐disciplinary approach at all stages of cure research to ensure the real‐world applicability of any strategy that shows promise.
Evidence of noncovalent complexes in some natural extracts: Ceylon tea and mate extracts
Authors: Crotti Sara , D'Aronco Sara , Moracci Laura , Tisato Francesco , Porchia Marina , Mattoli Luisa , Burico Michela , Bedont Stella , Traldi Pietro , Agostini Marco 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConsidering the high complexity of natural extracts, because of the presence of organic molecules of different chemical nature, the possibility of formation of noncovalent complexes should be taken into account. In a previous investigation, the formation of bimolecular complexes between caffeine and catechins in green tea extracts (GTE) has been experimentally proven by means of mass spectrometric and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The same approaches have been employed in the present study to evaluate the presence of bimolecular complexes in Ceylon tea and mate extracts. The obtained results show that in the case of Ceylon tea extracts, protonated theaflavin is detectable, together with theaflavin/caffein complexes, while caffeine/catechin complexes, already detected in green tea, are still present but at lower concentration. This aspect is evidenced by the comparison of precursor ion scans performed on protonated caffeine for the two extracts. The spectra obtained in these conditions for GTE and Ceylon tea show that the complexes of caffeine with epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), highy abundant in the case of GTE (signal‐to‐chemical noise ratio in the range 50‐100), are negligible (signal‐to‐chemical noise ratio in the range 2‐3) in the case of Ceylon tea. Mate extracts show the formation of bimolecular complexes involving caffeine but not catechins, and chlorogenic acid becomes responsible for other complex formation. Under positive ion and negative ion conditions, accurate mass measurements allow the identification of malealdehyde, chlorogenic acid, caffeine, two isomers of dicaffeoylquinic acid, rutin, and kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside. These data indicate that the formation of complexes in natural extracts is a common behavior, and their presence must be considered in the description of natural extracts and, consequently, in their biological activity.
Prevalence and characteristics of Epstein‐Barr virus associated gastric carcinoma in Gansu Province, Northwest China with mRNA expression of glycoprotein BMRF2
Authors: Guo Chen , Wei Jing , Scott Rona S. , Chen Yonglin , Chen Zhifeng , Zhao Wenjie , Zhang Chenli , Wang Binsheng , Chai Chen , Dai Gan , Li Min , Zhang Fangfang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGansu province is a region with the highest gastric cancer incidence and mortality in Northwest China. Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is an important subtype of gastric cancer which shows specific clinicopathological features such as older‐age bias, male predominance, lower lymph‐node‐metastasis, and a better cancer‐related survival comparing to EBV‐negative gastric cancers. However, the prevalence of EBVaGC has never been studied in Gansu Province, Northwest China. The present study investigated the incidence, characteristics, and EBV messenger RNA (mRNA) profile of EBVaGC in this area. We have collected 270 stomach samples from gastric cancer patients and analyzed the presence of EBV DNA and EBV‐encoded small RNAs (EBERs) by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization, respectively. The EBV mRNA profiling was investigated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR). EBV DNA was detected in 51/95 patients (53.7%), while EBER transcripts were detected in 18/270 patients (6.7%). EBER positivity was significantly associated with older age and less lymph node metastasis, but no obvious association with gender or histological type of tumors. The expression of EBV genes was observed with different patterns, and the mRNA of glycoprotein BMRF2 was detected in EBVaGC. The present study showed unique clinicopathological features and mRNA expression patterns of EBVaGC in Gansu Province, Northwest China, suggesting that geographic variation can contribute to new epidemiological features in EBVaGC. The transcript of glycoprotein BMRF2 was observed consistently in EBVaGC, which may serve as a biomarker and play a role in the pathogenesis of EBVaGC in Gansu Province, Northwest China.
Interannual variations in rainfall of different intensities in South West of Western Australia
Authors: Philip Priya , Yu Bofu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSignificant decreases in rainfall in South West of Western Australia (SWWA) over recent decades are of concern for water supply and agricultural production in the region. Total rainfall can be decomposed into light, medium and heavy rainfalls, and the land responds differently to these rainfall classes. Little, however, is known about changes in different rainfall classes in SWWA. The objective of this study is to quantify contributions from these rainfall classes to the decrease and interannual variations in rainfall, and to relate the decreases to station characteristics, that is, latitude, elevation and the mean annual rainfall, and to the large scale circulation pattern known as the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Long‐term data for 30 stations were used, and daily rainfall was divided into three classes in such a way that they contributed equally (one third of the total) for each station. Trend and correlation analysis was applied to these classes. The decrease in heavy rainfall was mainly responsible for the decrease in total rainfall, followed by the medium and light rainfalls. The rate of decrease in heavy rainfall was 68% higher than, while that in light rainfall was about half, of the expected trend. Heavy rainfall exhibited a significant decreasing trend in winter and autumn but mildly increasing trend in summer. The number of heavy rain days also showed a significant decreasing trend. The rate of decrease relative to the mean was similar for both heavy rainfall and number of heavy rain days. Stations with a higher rainfall were more likely to experience a decrease in rainfall than those in the drier inland areas. Stations where rainfall was strongly correlated with SAM were mostly concentrated along the west coast of SWWA. The SAM index explained 9% of the variation in heavy rainfall and 11% in total rainfall for the region.