bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les élites municipales et leur rôle dans le développement politique et économique de la région V Auguste
Authors: Delplace Christiane 
Published: March 2020

L’article aborde l’étude des élites municipales de la région V Auguste sous trois aspects : celui du politique, à partir d’une étude prosopographique des sénateurs et chevaliers d’origine locale, celui, plus spécifique, de l’évergétisme monumental, et enfin, celui de l’économique ; sous ce dernier aspect sont évoqués les problèmes que posent l’opus doliare local, la production d’amphores à vin, et l’identification des domaines à partir des toponymes.
Order and Disorder in Late Pompeian politics
Authors: Mouritsen Henrik 
Published: March 2020

The paper attempts to draw attention to some of the conceptual and evidential problems attached to the prevaling theory of a social disorder in late Pompeii, supposedly a period characterized hy the decline of the old nobility and the ascendance of new commercially based families, often of servile origins. The underlying assumption of trade and agriculture being incompatibles is questioned, and weaknesses in the prosopographical evidence adduced in support of a political change are pointed out. As an alternative to the antagonistic class perception of social mobility, the appearance of new families among the decurions - not merely in the last decades but throughout the first century A.D. -is seen as a logical consequence of the demographic and institutional structure of the Pompeian elite.
Fregellae, Arpinum, Aquinum: lana e fullonicae nel Lazio meridionale
Authors: Coarelli Filippo 
Published: March 2020

I recenti scavi di Fregellae hanno mostrato che alla metà del II sec. a.C. molte abitazioni vennero trasformate in fulloniche. Dopo la distruzione della città, la produzione delle stoffe di lana sembra spostarsi ad Aquinum e ad Arpinum. In quest’ultimo centro, la famiglia di Cicerone sembra coinvolta nella manifattura della lana: ciò si può forse collegare anche con la possibile origine fregellana della madre di Cicerone, Helvia.
Spunti per una ricerca sulla politica religiosa in età repubblicana nella Gallia Cisalpina
Authors: Verzár-Bass Monika 
Published: March 2020

Questo contributo non può essere dissociato da quello di F. Fontana (infra); entrambi riguardano i culti dell’Italia Cisalpina in epoca repubblicana; due monumenti sono al centro del loro interesse: qui si tratta della statua di culto di Piacenza, eseguita da uno scultore greco, Kleomenes; nel testo di F. Fontana si considerano i resti coroplastici di un tempio di Aquileia; questi permettono di considerara sotto una nuova luce i culti di questa colonia nei primi decenni della sua esistenza. Per la statua di culto di Piacenza è possibile proporre un’attribuzione: Apollo, e una nuova cronologia: non più quella tradizionale della fine della Repubblica, ma una data anteriore alla metà del II secolo. È indispensabile collegarla alla vita politica e religiosa di Piacenza, fortemente interessata – come tutta la regione padana – dagli interventi dell’aristocrazia urbana, molto influenzata dall’iconografia di tipo neoattico ampiamente diffusa nella regione cisalpina dalla nobiltà romana. Potrebbe trattarsi di un simulacro di Apollo destinato a un tempio del foro della città.
Les enseignements de la table ronde : bilan et perspectives
Authors: Andreau Jean 
Published: March 2020

Cette table ronde, au cours de laquelle a été présentée une riche documentation nouvelle sur les Élites municipales italiennes, a tout particulièrement abordé les trois problèmes suivants : la mobilité sociale ; les continuités et ruptures dans l’histoire des cités, avec un accent mis sur les déductions de colonies et sur leurs conséquences ; les patrimoines et les intérêts économiques des élites. Ces trois points forts de la Table ronde ont donné lieu à des débats animés, qui ont permis de confronter les points de vue, de mieux les cerner et d’affiner les argumentations.
OSCE performance among Quebec urology residents: A retrospective study from 2008–2019
Authors: Garabed Laurianne Rita , Almarzouq Ahmad , Hu Jason , Andonian Sero , El-Sherbiny Mohamed , Fahmy Nader 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: We aimed to compare objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) performance of residents from four Canadian urology programs, based on resident and station characteristics. We also aimed to evaluate OSCE contents by station type and subspecialty.
Methods: Scores of 109 post-graduate year (PGY)-3 to PGY-5 residents were retrospectively reviewed from 19 OSCEs from May 2008 to February 2019. Scores were grouped by station type/subspecialty, PGY level, medical graduate type (Canadian medical graduate [CMG], international medical graduate [IMG]), sex, and choice of fellowship/practice. Linear mixed modelling was performed to obtain least square means to account for repeated measures.
Results: Score increases from PGY-3 to PGY-5 were significant for all station types and subspecialties (p≤0.001). Scores were similar between male and female residents, and between CMGs and IMGs, except in visual recognition examinations (VREs) (males: 44.3±1.0, females: 39.0±1.6, p=0.005; IMG: 47.3±1.7, CMG: 41.6±0.9, p=0.004). Relative to uro-oncology stations, scores were lower in andrology (p=0.010) and functional urology (p<0.001). More female residents chose pediatric (14.3% vs. 1.5%; p=0.024) and functional urology fellowships (17.9% vs. 2.9%; p=0.021). More male residents chose endourology/robotic fellowships (30.9% vs. 10.7%; p=0.042). No associations between subspecialty scores and choice of fellowship/practice were found. Oral stations and VREs were more frequent than telephone stations. Uro-oncology and pediatric urology were more frequent than other subspecialties.
Conclusions: Scores improved with higher PGY level. IMGs and male residents scored better in VREs. Scores were lower in functional urology. There was no correlation between subspecialty score and choice of fellowship/practice. Subspecialties and forms of evaluation were not equally represented.
Quantifying the effect of biopsy lateral decubitus patient positioning compared to supine prostate MRI scanning on prostate translocation and distortion
Authors: Snoj Ziga , Rundo Leonardo , Gill Andrew B. , Barrett Tristan 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: More than a quarter of tumors are missed by magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound (MRI/US) fusion-guided biopsy, the majority due to software-based misregistration. Transrectal approaches to biopsy are typically performed in the lateral decubitus position; conversely, diagnostic MRI is performed with the patient lying supine. Any position-related difference in prostate location or gland deformation could potentially exacerbate misregistration at subsequent biopsy.
Methods: Fifteen healthy male volunteers (mean age 35.9 years, range 27–53) were included in this prospective, institutional review board-approved study. Each volunteer had an MRI performed in the supine position, followed by the second in the lateral decubitus position (mimicking a typical biopsy position). MRI images were co-registered and analyzed in order to assess prostate translocation and distortion.
Results: Whole prostate translocation of ≥5 mm was observed in 20% of patients and ≥3 mm in 60% of patients. When dividing the prostate into prostatic sectors, the prostatic base demonstrated the largest positional difference. When plotting the translocation directions with relative volume difference, there was a moderate negative correlation trend in the latero-lateral direction. Only minimal distortion was observed, with similar distortion among all prostatic sectors.
Conclusions: Positional change affects the prostate translocation, however, the effect on prostate distortion appears to be negligible. Prostate translocation in latero-lateral direction can be minimized with larger bladder volumes. Thereby, prostate translocation needs to be considered alongside software misregistration error; however, positional change should not affect software registration of MRI/US fusion-guided prostate biopsy.
Key PotentiallyInappropriateDrugs in Pediatrics: The KIDs List
Authors: Meyers Rachel S. , Thackray Jennifer , Matson Kelly L. , McPherson Christopher , Lubsch Lisa , Hellinga Robert C. , Hoff David S. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES The safe use of medications in pediatric patients requires practitioners to consider the unique pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs prescribed in this age group. In an effort to create a standard of care for the safe use of medications in this population, a list of drugs that are potentially inappropriate for use in pediatric patients has been developed and titled the “KIDs List.”METHODS A panel of 7 pediatric pharmacists from the Pediatric Pharmacy Association were recruited to evaluate primary, secondary, and tertiary literature; FDA Pediatric Safety Communications; the Lexicomp electronic database; and product information for drugs that should be considered potentially inappropriate for use in pediatric patients. Information was rated using predefined criteria. A PubMed search was conducted using the following terms: adverse drug events OR adverse drug reactions. The search was limited to humans; age &lt;18 years; case reports, observational studies, or clinical trials; and English language. No date range was used. Results were used to create an evidence-based list of candidate drugs that was then peer-reviewed and subjected to a 30-day public comment period prior to being finalized.RESULTS A PubMed search yielded 4049 unique titles, of which 210 were deemed relevant for full review. Practitioner recommendations highlighted an additional 77 drugs. FDA Pediatric Safety Communications and the Lexicomp database yielded 22 and 619 drugs, respectively. After critical analysis, peer review, and public review the final KIDs List contains 67 drugs and/or drug classes and 10 excipients.CONCLUSIONS This extensive effort led to compilation of the first list of drugs that are potentially inappropriate for prescribing in all or in a select subgroup of pediatric patients. If avoidance is not clinically possible, the drug should be used with caution and accompanied by appropriate monitoring.
Identification and Abundance of Fruit Fly Species Responsible for Fruit Drop of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Atanu S. O. , Echezona B. C. , Ugwuoke K. I. 
Published: March 2020

Background and Objective: Citrus is one of the most important and among the top ten widely cultivated fruits in Nigeria. It is produced more in the Guinea and Sudan Savanna zones of the country with Benue State having the highest annual production. In the South of Savanna region of Africa, particularly in Nigeria; despite the economic, nutritional and health benefits of citrus, limited research work has been carried out on the identification and control of fruit flies of economic importance to the crop. The objectives of this study are to identify and determine the abundance of the fruit fly species responsible for fruit drop of citrus in Benue State, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: Fruit fly identification was done through fruit culture experiment carried out in the College of Agronomy Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi in October 2014 and October 2015.The experiment was a 2 x 3 factorial in a completely randomized design with four replications. The two factors were Zones (Zone A and B) and Varieties (Ibadan Sweet, Valencia and Washington Navel). Ten naturally infested orange fruits from four randomly selected citrus trees of each variety in each zone were weighed and placed in each plastic rearing box with dimension 39 x 27 x 26 cm containing sterilized moist soil securely covered with 1 mm mesh net for pupation and adult insect emergence. Emerged adults were killed using Mobil insecticide (Cyphenothrin), counted, sexed and stored in specimen bottles with 70% alcohol for preservation and later identification.
Results: Fruit fly species identified from citrus fruit culture were: Bactrocera invadens (Drew), Ceratitis capitata (Weid) and Dacus bivittata (Biggot). Bactrocera invadens were the most abundant species and accounted for 63.70% in Washington navel and 63.10% in Valencia in 2014 and 2015 respectively. The varieties showed no significant differences (p>0.05) on the abundance of Ceratitis capitata and Dacus bivittata in 2014. In 2015 however, Ibadan Sweet variety showed significant difference (p < 0.05) on the abundance of Ceratitis capitata (28.30%) when compared with other varieties (15.8%) each.
Conclusion: Fruit fly species responsible for citrus fruit drop in Benue State were Bactrocera invadens (Drew), Ceratitis capitata (Weid) and Dacus bivittata (Biggot) with Bactrocera invadens (Drew) recorded as the most abundant species.
Assessment of Gamma Oryzanol Variability, an Attractive Rice Bran Bioactive Compound
Authors: Lageiro M. Manuela , Castanho Ana , Pereira Cristiana , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Ferreira Isabel C.F.R. , Brites Carla 
Published: March 2020

Gamma-oryzanol is a compound present on rice bran, which has been studied for its bioactive properties, including its cytotoxic activity. The gamma-oryzanol biosynthesis occurs on the lipidic membrane of the plant and can be influenced by edaphoclimatic grown conditions. Two Portuguese rice varieties (Ceres and Maçarico) from 6 growing environments were analysed in order to explore the influence of the growing conditions on the gamma-oryzanol content, its constituents, and cytotoxic effect against 4 human tumour cell lines (NCI-H460, HeLa, HepG2, and MCF -7). The overall variability of gamma-oryzanol concentration was from 1.56 g / Kg to 3.19 g / Kg, Ceres reveals higher values than Maçarico; those concentrations also varied with the growing environment. The environment was also determinant for the individual concentration of the 3 gamma-oryzanol compounds (cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, and campesteryl ferulate). A cytotoxic effect was observed for all the tested tumour cell lines and also varied with the growing environment.
Mechanism of Crystal Formation in Ruddlesden–Popper Sn‐Based Perovskites
Authors: Dong Jingjin , Shao Shuyan , Kahmann Simon , Rommens Alexander J. , Hermida‐Merino Daniel , ten Brink Gert H. , Loi Maria A. , Portale Giuseppe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKnowledge of the mechanism of formation, orientation, and location of phases inside thin perovskite films is essential to optimize their optoelectronic properties. Among the most promising, low toxicity, lead‐free perovskites, the tin‐based ones are receiving much attention. Here, an extensive in situ and ex situ structural study is performed on the mechanism of crystallization from solution of 3D formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3), 2D phenylethylammonium tin iodide (PEA2SnI4), and hybrid PEA2FAn−1SnnI3n+1 Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites. Addition of small amounts of low‐dimensional component promotes oriented 3D‐like crystallite growth in the top part of the film, together with an aligned quasi‐2D bottom‐rich phase. The sporadic bulk nucleation occurring in the pure 3D system is negligible in the pure 2D and in the hybrid systems with sufficiently high PEA content, where only surface crystallization occurs. Moreover, tin‐based perovskites form through a direct conversion of a disordered precursor phase without forming ordered solvated intermediates and thus without the need of thermal annealing steps. The findings are used to explain the device performances over a wide range of composition and shed light onto the mechanism of the formation of one of the most promising Sn‐based perovskites, providing opportunities to further improve the performances of these interesting Pb‐free materials.
Scalable Electrochemical Transition‐Metal‐Free Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling Amination Enabled Alkaloid Clausines Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Pan , Li Baoying , Niu Liwei , Wang Ling , Zhang Guofeng , Jia Xiaofei , Zhang Guoying , Liu Siyuan , Ma Li , Gao Wei , Qin Dawei , Chen Jianbin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractReported herein is an environmentally benign electrochemical C−H bond dehydrogenative amination protocol for the construction of privileged carbazole moiety with broad generality. Preliminary mechanistic investigations implied a radical reaction pathway. Compared with traditional ionic routes, the scalable transition‐metal and exogenous‐oxidant free strategy highlighted the green and sustainable nature of this method.magnified image
Evaluating backward chaining methods on vocational tasks by adults with developmental disabilities
Authors: Kobylarz Ashley M. , DeBar Ruth M. , Reeve Kenneth F. , Meyer Linda S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackward chains are widely used to teach complex skills to individuals with developmental disabilities. Implementation of chaining procedures may vary regarding untaught steps and there is little to guide practitioners in the selection of chaining procedures. Moreover, there is a dearth of research evaluating effectiveness and efficiency of procedural variations of behavior chains. The purpose of this study was to extend previous research by evaluating the effectiveness, efficiency, and preference for four procedural variations (i.e., teacher‐completion, participant‐completion, no‐completion, and a control condition) of backward chains across vocational tasks with adults with developmental disabilities. Although procedural variations effectively established vocational skills, the participant‐completion procedure (in which the instructor implemented a least‐to‐most prompt hierarchy during all untrained steps in the chain) was the most efficacious backward chaining procedural variation and efficient in terms of sessions to mastery. The no‐completion procedure (in which the instructor completed all untrained steps in the chain out of view of the participant) was least efficient across trials, sessions, errors, and total duration to mastery. One participant preferred the no‐completion condition while the other two participants showed an initial preference for the teacher‐completion condition that changed to preference for the no‐completion condition. Vocational skills maintained 1‐ and 4‐weeks postmastery. Stakeholders rated goals, procedures, and outcomes as socially valid.
Accumulation Pattern of Inorganic Elements in Scaly Tooth Mushroom (Sarcodon imbricatus) from Northern Poland
Authors: Saba Martyna , Falandysz Jerzy , Loganathan Bommanna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSeveral studies have documented contamination levels and daily intake of metallic elements from foodstuffs including rice, maize, pulses, vegetables, fruits, fish, meat, egg, milk etc., however, limited literature is available on metal contamination levels in wild growing mushrooms and possible human exposure via consumption of it. Sarcodon imbricatus is an edible mushroom, commonly consumed in many parts of the world. Very few studies have been conducted on inorganic elemental composition in fruiting bodies (edible part) of this fungus. In this study, elements such as silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co,) chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), phosphorous (P), lead (Pb), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr) and zinc (Zn) were measured in caps and stems of fruiting bodies of S. imbricatus collected from the Wdzydze forests in Central and the Augustowska Primeval forest in Eastern Poland. Results revealed that a wide variation in concentrations of various metals in caps and stems samples collected from the two forests. Toxic metallic elements such as Cd and Hg showed preferential accumulation in caps than stems samples from both the forests. However, the concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb in the mushroom samples were below the established weekly intake tolerance limits.
Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide‐Based Needle‐Type Field‐Effect Transistor for Dopamine Sensing
Authors: Quast Thomas , Mariani Federica , Scavetta Erika , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Andronescu Corina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOwing to their intrinsic amplifying effect together with their temporal resolution, field‐effect transistors (FETs) are gaining momentum for the detection of different biomolecules at ultra‐low concentration levels such as, for example, neurotransmitters, particularly if the concentration level of the analyte is below the detection limit of commonly used electrochemical sensing methods. We demonstrate the fabrication of a spearhead reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐based FET. The fabrication of the rGO‐based FET by means of an electrochemical pulse deposition technique enables a controllable process including both the deposition and reduction of the deposited graphene oxide between two carbon nanoelectrodes to form the channel of the rGO‐based FET. While using double‐barrel carbon nanoelectrodes, the as‐produced FETs offer new possibilities in terms of their applicability in very small volumes as well as the option of being positioned close to the desired measurement region. The fabrication process was evaluated and optimized to obtain rGO‐based FETs with high performance. The as‐fabricated devices were evaluated in terms of sensitivity and selectivity towards dopamine. The tested devices not only showed high sensitivity towards dopamine with a linear response ranging from 1 nM to 1 μM, but also maintained a similar sensing performance in the presence of 500 μM ascorbic acid.
Modulating the Void Space of Nitrogen‐Doped Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Spheres for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Yang , Kong Yueqi , Kumar Nanjundan Ashok , Yang Yannan , Zhou Liang , Huang Xiaodan , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHollow carbon materials have been extensively investigated as sulfur hosts for lithium‐sulfur batteries. Herein, we report a designed synthesis of nitrogen‐doped mesoporous hollow carbon spheres with tunable void spaces through an ethylenediamine‐assisted cooperative self‐assembly strategy between 3‐aminophenol/formaldehyde resin and silica. Nitrogen‐doped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (NHMCS) with an optimised inside/outside radius ratio of 0.52 have induced improved electrochemical performances compared to other NHMCS, demonstrating a fine material design strategy for electrochemical energy storage systems with improved performance.
Asymmetric interactions of seed‐predation network contribute to rare‐species advantage
Authors: Xi Xinqiang , Yang Yangheshan , Tylianakis Jason M. , Yang Sihai , Dong Yuran , Sun Shucun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough the asymmetry of species linkage within ecological networks is now well recognized, its effect on communities has scarcely been empirically investigated. Based on theory, we predicted that an asymmetric architecture of antagonistic plant–herbivore networks would emerge at the community level and that this asymmetry would negatively affect community‐common plants more than rare ones. We tested this prediction by analyzing the architectural properties of an alpine plant and pre‐dispersal seed‐predator network and its effect on seed loss rate of plants in the Tibetan Plateau. This network showed an asymmetric architecture, where the common plant species (with a larger aboveground biomass per area) were infested by a higher number of predator species. Moreover, they asymmetrically interacted with specialized herbivores, presumably because of greater seed resource abundance. In turn, the asymmetric interactions led to a higher proportion of seed loss in the common plants at the species level. Our results suggest that asymmetric antagonistic networks may improve species coexistence by contributing to a mechanism of rare‐species advantage.