bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membrane vesicles from a Dietzia bacterium containing multiple cargoes and their roles in iron delivery
Authors: Wang Meng , Nie Yong , Wu Xiao‐Lei 
Published: October 2020

SummaryMembrane vesicles (MVs) released from bacteria act as extracellular vehicles carrying various functional cargoes between cells. MVs with different cargoes play multiple roles in stress adaptation, nutrient acquisition and microbial interactions. However, previous studies have primarily focused on MVs from Gram‐negative bacteria, while the characteristics of cargoes in MVs from Gram‐positive bacteria and their involvement in microbial interactions remain to be elucidated. Here, we used a Gram‐positive strain, Dietzia sp. DQ12‐45‐1b from Corynebacteriales, to analyse the characteristics and functions of MVs. We identified the ‘antioxidant’ canthaxanthin is stored within MVs by LC–MS/MS. In addition, nearly the entire genomic content of strain DQ12‐45‐1b are evenly distributed in MVs, suggesting that MVs from DQ12‐45‐1b might involve in horizontal gene transfer. Finally, the mycobactin‐type siderophores were detected in MVs. The iron‐loaded MVs effectively mediate iron binding and delivery to homologous bacteria from the order Corynebacteriales, but not to more distantly related species from the orders Pseudomonadales, Bacillales and Enterobacterales. These results revealed that the iron‐loaded MVs are shared between homologous species. Together, we report the Gram‐positive bacterium Dietzia sp. DQ12‐45‐1b released MVs that contain canthaxanthin, DNA and siderophores and prove that MVs act as public goods between closely related species.
The case for rigorous comparative research and population impacts in a new era of evidence‐based interventions for juvenile offenders
Authors: Welsh Brandon C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA key take away from Elliott et al.’s critical review is the need for a program of more rigorous comparative research to assess the two main evidence‐based models for guiding juvenile justice interventions. Additionally, a sound measure of this research should be whether or not the different models are able to achieve (and sustain) population impacts. Both of these are important issues facing the evidence‐based movement in juvenile justice today, and the purpose of this essay is to make the case for greater attention to each one. The decision‐tree method and computer simulation modeling represent two rigorous approaches, and their use could benefit immensely understanding of the comparative effectiveness of the different models. It will also be important to consider other existing models as part of a program of comparative research. The risk‐need‐responsivity model and Communities That Care are two examples. A key criticism of evidence‐based interventions, whether they are brand‐name programs or generic practices, is the limited research demonstrating their ability to achieve population impacts. Some of the views undergirding this criticism are warranted. At the same time, advancements in the science of implementation over the last two decades bolster support for scaling up evidence‐based interventions and attaining impacts at the population level. Efforts underway in several states provide additional support for the ability to scale‐up evidence‐based juvenile justice interventions and achieve population impacts. Expanding the scope and accelerating the pace of this work begins by building on the progress so far as well as a renewed political will.
Resting‐state connectome‐based support‐vector‐machine predictive modeling of internet gaming disorder
Authors: Song Kun‐Ru , Potenza Marc N. , Fang Xiao‐Yi , Gong Gao‐Lang , Yao Yuan‐Wei , Wang Zi‐Liang , Liu Lu , Ma Shan‐Shan , Xia Cui‐Cui , Lan Jing , Deng Lin‐Yuan , Wu Lu‐Lu , Zhang Jin‐Tao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInternet gaming disorder (IGD), a worldwide mental health issue, has been widely studied using neuroimaging techniques during the last decade. Although dysfunctions in resting‐state functional connectivity have been reported in IGD, mapping relationships from abnormal connectivity patterns to behavioral measures have not been fully investigated. Connectome‐based predictive modeling (CPM)—a recently developed machine‐learning approach—has been used to examine potential neural mechanisms in addictions and other psychiatric disorders. To identify the resting‐state connections associated with IGD, we modified the CPM approach by replacing its core learning algorithm with a support vector machine. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired in 72 individuals with IGD and 41 healthy comparison participants. The modified CPM was conducted with respect to classification and regression. A comparison of whole‐brain and network‐based analyses showed that the default‐mode network (DMN) is the most informative network in predicting IGD both in classification (individual identification accuracy = 78.76%) and regression (correspondence between predicted and actual psychometric scale score: r = 0.44, P < 0.001). To facilitate the characterization of the aberrant resting‐state activity in the DMN, the identified networks have been mapped into a three‐subsystem division of the DMN. Results suggest that individual differences in DMN function at rest could advance our understanding of IGD and variability in disorder etiology and intervention outcomes.
Text messaging interventions for reducing alcohol consumption among risky drinkers: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bendtsen Marcus , McCambridge Jim , Åsberg Katarina , Bendtsen Preben 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThe global growth of mobile phone use has led to new opportunities for health interventions, including through text messaging. We aimed to estimate the effects of text messaging interventions on alcohol consumption among risky drinkers.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis of reports on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English. Searches were conducted on 23 May 2019 in PubMed; PubMed Central; CENTRAL; CDSR; DARE; NHS‐EED; Scopus; PsycINFO; PsycARTICLES; CINAHL; and Web of Science. Measurements included number of episodes of heavy drinking (HED) per month and weekly alcohol consumption (WAC) in grams. Trials among risky drinkers who were not receiving co‐interventions were included in the review (n = 3481, mean age 29 years, 41% female). Data were extracted from reports and authors were contacted for additional data.ResultsTen trials were included and all analyses were based on random‐effects models. Primary analyses, including seven trials (n = 2528) for HED and five trials (n = 2236) for WAC, found that the interventions may reduce self‐reported HED [−0.33 episodes per month; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.79, 0.12] and WAC (−18.62 g per week; 95% CI = −39.61, 2.38), although both estimates included the null. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) quality of evidence was judged to be low for both HED and WAC, primarily due to risk of attrition and performance bias, heterogeneity and influence of pilot trials on estimates.ConclusionsText messaging alcohol interventions may reduce alcohol consumption compared with no or basic health information; however, there are doubts about the overall quality of the evidence.
Interactions between hymenopteran species associated with gall‐forming wasps: the Leptocybe invasa community as a case study
Authors: Gevers Caitlin R. , Dittrich‐Schröder Gudrun , Slippers Bernard , Hurley Brett P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Leptocybe invasa is native to Australia and induces galls on various species of Eucalyptus. Two genetically distinct lineages of this wasp have been detected outside its native range, namely, Leptocybe Lineage A and Leptocybe Lineage B.
The parasitoid Selitrichodes neseri was released in South Africa as a biological control agent against L. invasa. Another parasitoid of L. invasa, Quadrastichus mendeli, as well as Megastigmus zebrinus (parasitoid) and Megastigmus pretorianensis (role unknown), have also been recorded emerging from L. invasa galls. The objective of this study was to investigate the interactions between the different hymenopterans associated with L. invasa galls in South Africa.
L. invasa galls were dissected and species‐specific primers and restriction enzymes were used to identify the larvae where interactions were noted.
S. neseri, Q. mendeli and M. zebrinus were confirmed to parasitize Leptocybe Lineage A, and S. neseri was confirmed to parasitize Leptocybe Lineage B. Furthermore, there were direct interactions between these parasitoids, where parasitoids were found parasitising each other. The gall forming experiment confirmed that M. pretorianensis is not a gall former, but other potential roles remain uncertain.
Direct and indirect effects of contact quality and perceived cultural identification on conflict management styles in an American–Chinese context
Authors: Imamura Makiko , Zhang Yan Bing , Liu Ning 
Published: October 2020

From the theoretical perspectives of anxiety and uncertainty management and intergroup contact, this study examined U.S. American participants’ (N = 487) perceptions of conflict management styles with Chinese international students. Specifically, this study tested the indirect effects of participants’ perceptions of contact quality with the Chinese in general and strength of Chinese international students’ identification with home culture on conflict management styles through intergroup communication anxiety and social attraction. A conflict scenario was set in a typical class project context in which the American participants experienced a conflict with a Chinese international student. Results indicated that participants’ perceptions of contact quality with the Chinese and Chinese international students’ identification with their home culture had positive indirect effects on the problem‐solving style and negative indirect effects on the competing and avoiding styles through intergroup communication anxiety. In addition, quality of contact had positive direct and indirect effects on the accommodating style through social attraction of Chinese international students. Findings in this study generally indicated important ways in which contact experiences with outgroup members, intergroup communication anxiety, and outgroup membership influence specific communication behaviours during a conflict episode. Findings are discussed in light of prior literature and theories of intergroup contact, anxiety, and integrated threat.
The impact of protocol‐based high‐intensity pharmacological thromboprophylaxis on thrombotic events in critically ill COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Atallah B. , Sadik Z. G. , Salem N. , El Nekidy W. S. , Almahmeed W. , Park W. M. , Cherfan A. , Hamed F. , Mallat J. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe reported incidence rate of venous and arterial thrombotic events in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 infections is high, ranging from 20% to 60%. We adopted a patient‐tailored thromboprophylaxis protocol based on clinical and laboratory presentations for these patients in our institution. We hypothesised that patients who received high‐intensity thromboprophylaxis treatment would experience fewer thrombotic events. The aims of our study were to explore the incidence of thrombotic events in this population; to assess independent factors associated with thrombotic events and to evaluate the incidence of haemorrhagic events. A retrospective review of all adult patients with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between 1 March and 29 May 2020 was performed. The primary outcome was a composite of venous and arterial thrombotic events diagnosed during the ICU stay. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the independent factors associated with thrombotic events. A total of 188 patients met the inclusion criteria. All received some type of thromboprophylaxis treatment except for six patients who did not receive any prophylaxis. Of the 182 patients who received thromboprophylaxis, 75 (40%) received high‐intensity thromboprophylaxis and 24 (12.8%) were treated with therapeutic anticoagulation. Twenty‐one patients (11.2%) experienced 23 thrombotic events (incidence rate of 12.2% (95%CI 7.9–17.8)), including 12 deep venous thromboses, 9 pulmonary emboli and 2 peripheral arterial thromboses. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that only D‐dimer (OR 2.80, p = 0.002) and high‐intensity thromboprophylaxis regimen (OR 0.20, p = 0.01) were independently associated with thrombotic events. Thirty‐one patients (16.5%) experienced haemorrhagic events; among them, 13 were classified as major bleeding according to the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria. Therapeutic anticoagulation, but not the high‐intensity thromboprophylaxis regimen, was associated with major bleeding. A proactive approach to the management of thromboembolism in critically ill COVID‐19 patients utilising a high‐intensity thromboprophylaxis regimen in appropriately selected patients may result in lower thrombotic events without increasing the risk of bleeding.
Optimisation of clinical workflow and monitor settings safely reduces alarms in the NICU
Authors: Varisco Gabriele , van de Mortel Heidi , Cabrera‐Quiros Laura , Atallah Louis , Hueske‐Kraus Dirk , Long Xi , Cottaar Eduardus JE , Zhan Zhuozhao , Andriessen Peter , van Pul Carola 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo address alarm fatigue, a new alarm management system which ensures a quicker delivery of alarms together with waveform information on nurses' handheld devices was implemented and settings optimised. The effects of this clinical implementation on alarm rates and nurses' responsiveness were measured in an 18‐bed single family rooms neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsThe technical implementation of the alarm management system was followed by clinical workflow optimisation. Alarms and vital parameters from October 2017 to December 2019 were analysed. Measures included monitoring alarms, nurses' response to alarms and time spent by patients in different saturation ranges. A survey among nurses was performed to evaluate changes in alarm rate and use of protocols.ResultsA significant reduction of monitoring alarms per patient days was detected after the optimisation phase (in particular for SpO2 ≤ 80%, P < .001). More time was spent by infants within the optimal peripheral oxygen saturation range (88% < SpO2 < 95%, P < .001). Results from the surveys showed that false alarms are less likely to cause an inappropriate response after the optimisation phase.ConclusionThe implementation of an alarm management solution and an optimisation programme can safely reduce the alarm burden inside of the NICU environment.
The effect of migration on terror: Made at home or imported from abroad?
Authors: Dreher Axel , Gassebner Martin , Schaudt Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe analyze how a country's immigrant population—defined as the stock of people born abroad—affects the probability of a terrorist attack in the host country. Using data for 20 OECD host countries and 183 countries of origin over the 1980–2010 period our OLS and 2SLS regressions show that the probability that immigrants from a specific country of origin conduct a terrorist attack in their host country increases with a larger number of foreigners from such countries living there. However, this scale effect does not differ from the effect domestic populations have on domestic terror. We find scarce evidence that terror is systematically imported from countries with large Muslim populations or countries where terror networks prevail. Policies that exclude foreigners already living in a country increase rather than reduce the risk that foreign populations turn violent, and so do terrorist attacks against foreigners in their host country. Highly skilled migrants are associated with a significantly lower risk of terror compared with low skilled ones, while there is no significant difference between foreign‐born men and women.
Implications of COVID‐19‐induced nationwide lockdown on children's behaviour in Punjab, India
Authors: Sama Bhupinder Kaur , Kaur Palakpreet , Thind Parteek Singh , Verma Manpreet Kaur , Kaur Mandeep , Singh Dapinder Deep 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundLockdown is one of the prevalent tools that are used to control the spread of COVID‐19 virus in India. Under the circumstances created during lockdown period, children are deprived from the social interaction and companionship; because of which, they are susceptible to psychiatric disorders. Therefore, in this study, efforts were to understand the impacts of lockdown on the mental status of the children of India and their specific causes.Study DesignIt is a questionnaire‐based study.MethodsA web‐based questionnaire was prepared, and 400 parents from four districts of Punjab, India, namely, Ludhiana, Sahibzada Ajit Singh (SAS) Nagar, Sangrur and Ferozepur, were telephonically interviewed. Further, the information collected from the interviews was statistically analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.ResultsFindings from this study revealed that 73.15% and 51.25% of the children were having signs of increased irritation and anger, respectively; 18.7% and 17.6% of the parents also mentioned the symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively, among their children, which were also augmented by the changes in their diet, sleep, weight and more usage of the electronic equipment. Children (~76.3%) persistently urge to go outdoors and play with their friends; therefore, they could lag in social development. Further, observations from Pearson's correlation revealed that during lockdown, children's mental health is significantly related to the area of their house, number of children in the family, qualification of their mother and socio‐economic status of their family.ConclusionsThis study made it evident that the mental health of the children residing in Punjab, India, was compromised during the lockdown period induced by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Findings of this study may also trigger the international authorities to frame the guidelines of lockdown in the interest of mental health of their native children.
Estimating species response to management using an integrated process: A case study from New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Mayfield Helen J. , Brazill‐Boast James , Gorrod Emma , Evans Megan C. , Auld Tony , Rhodes Jonathan R. , Maron Martine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEvaluating the effectiveness of management actions for threatened species recovery is critical for adaptive management. However, decision makers frequently lack the resources and time to develop data‐driven models for rigorous monitoring and evaluation. Expert knowledge can be useful in such situations, but can be challenging to translate into specific expectations about system responses. We describe a case study of the Saving Our Species program in New South Wales, Australia, showing how an integrated process drawing from structured decision making, conceptual modeling and structured expert elicitation can help species' managers formalize how a species is expected to respond to management over time and the assumptions about the mechanisms driving that response. The process described uses step‐by‐step guidelines to assist managers in defining the scope, documenting factors that influence outcomes and identifying indicators and target values for adaptive management plans. This case study demonstrates a robust, yet practical process for estimating species response to site management in situations where empirical monitoring data is absent or incomplete. In doing so it provides a useful tool that helps species' managers in data poor situations to take a more evidence‐informed approach to conservation.
Kidney transplantation in valvular heart disease and pulmonary hypertension: Consensus in waiting
Authors: Jha Ajay Kumar , Lata Suman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKidney transplantation induces a lesser anesthetic, surgical, and physiological alterations than other solid organ transplantation. Concomitant valvular pathologies expose these patients to poor postoperative outcome. There is a critical gap in knowledge and lack of coherence in the guidelines related to the management in patients with end‐stage renal disease with valvular heart disease. The individualized diagnostic and management plan should be based on the assessment of perioperative outcomes. Similarly, pulmonary hypertension in end‐stage renal disease poses a unique challenge, it can manifest in isolation or may be associated with other cardiac lesions, namely left‐sided valvular heart disease and left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Quantification and stratification according to etiology are needed in pulmonary hypertension to ensure an adequate management plan to minimize the adverse perioperative outcomes. Lack of randomized controlled trials has imposed hindrance in proposing a unified approach to clinical decision‐making in these scenarios. In this review, we have described the magnitude of the problems, pathophysiologic interactions, impact on clinical outcomes and have also proposed a management algorithm for both the scenarios.
Hydroxychloroquine and maintenance immunosuppression use in kidney transplant recipients: Analysis of linked US registry and claims data
Authors: Lentine Krista L. , Lam Ngan N. , Caliskan Yasar , Alhamad Tarek , Xiao Huiling , Schnitzler Mark A. , Chang Su‐Hsin , Axelrod David , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams‐DeMarco Mara , Kasiske Bertram L. , Hess Gregory P. , Brennan Daniel C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial drug with immunomodulatory effects used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and scleroderma. The antiviral effects of HCQ have raised attention in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, although safety is controversial. We examined linkages of national transplant registry data with pharmaceutical claims and Medicare billing claims to study HCQ use among Medicare‐insured kidney transplant recipients with SLE or scleroderma (2008–2017; N = 1820). We compared three groups based on immunosuppression regimen 7 months‐to‐1 year post transplant: (a) tacrolimus (Tac) + mycophenolic acid (MPA) + prednisone (Pred) (referent group, 77.7%); (b) Tac + MPA + Pred + HCQ (16.5%); or (c) other immunosuppression + HCQ (5.7%). Compared to the referent group, recipients treated with other immunosuppression + HCQ had a 2‐fold increased risk of abnormal ECG or QT prolongation (18.9% vs. 10.7%; aHR,1.121.963.42, p = .02) and ventricular arrhythmias (15.2% vs. 11.4%; aHR,1.001.813.29, p = .05) in the >1‐to‐3 years post‐transplant. Tac + MPA + Pred + HCQ was associated with increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias (13.5% vs. 11.4%; aHR,1.021.542.31, p = .04) and pancytopenia (35.9% vs. 31.4%; aHR,1.031.311.68, p = .03) compared to triple immunosuppression without HCQ. However, HCQ‐containing regimens were not associated with an increased risk of death or graft failure. HCQ may be used safely in selected kidney transplant recipients in addition to their maintenance immunosuppression, although attention to arrhythmias is warranted.