bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Next‐generation Theranostics: Functionalized Nanomaterials Enable Efficient Diagnosis and Therapy of Tuberculosis
Authors: Li Bin , Tan Qingqin , Fan Zhijin , Xiao Keng , Liao Yuhui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a large burden on public health worldwide. As a result, there is an urgent demand for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the control and prevention of TB. In this study, an efficient liquid biopsy strategy for TB diagnosis and a novel TB granuloma imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) strategy for TB treatment are constructed based on functionalized nanomaterials. New biomarkers of leukocyte transcriptional signatures for TB are screened, and the seven best‐performing genes are selected for construction of a combined diagnosis strategy. This work produces a new liquid biopsy strategy for TB based on a nanodiagnostic platform. Furthermore, functionalized nanomaterials encapsulating aggregation‐induced emission fluorophores and upconversion nanoparticles are creatively developed to specifically target and image the lesions of tuberculous granulomas in vivo. The visual information could guide subsequent PDT with efficient antimicrobial activity. Hence, functionalized nanomaterials have the potential to be the next generation of theranostics and show outstanding performance that allows them to serve as a novel paradigm for the diagnosis and therapy of TB.
Establishment of adult right ventricle failure in ovine using a graded, animal‐specific pulmonary artery constriction model
Authors: Nguyen‐Truong Michael , Liu Wenqiang , Boon June , Nelson Brad , Easley Jeremiah , Monnet Eric , Wang Zhijie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRight ventricle failure (RVF) is associated with serious cardiac and pulmonary diseases that contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of patients. Currently, the mechanisms of RVF are not fully understood and it is partly due to the lack of large animal models in adult RVF. In this study, we aim to establish a model of RVF in adult ovine and examine the structure and function relations in the RV.MethodsRV pressure overload was induced in adult male sheep by revised pulmonary artery constriction (PAC). Briefly, an adjustable hydraulic occluder was placed around the main pulmonary artery trunk. Then, repeated saline injection was performed at weeks 0, 1, and 4, where the amount of saline was determined in an animal‐specific manner. Healthy, age‐matched male sheep were used as additional controls. Echocardiography was performed bi‐weekly and on week 11 post‐PAC, hemodynamic and biological measurements were obtained.ResultsThis PAC methodology resulted in a marked increase in RV systolic pressure and decreases in stroke volume and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, indicating signs of RVF. Significant increases in RV chamber size, wall thickness, and Fulton's index were observed. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and collagen accumulation (particularly type III collagen) were evident, and these structural changes were correlated with RV dysfunction.ConclusionIn summary, the animal‐specific, repeated PAC provided a robust approach to induce adult RVF, and this ovine model will offer a useful tool to study the progression and treatment of adult RVF that is translatable to human diseases.
The equivalence transformation between Galois NFSRs and Fibonacci NFSRs
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Wang Biao , Yan Yongyi , Feng Jun‐e 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe transformation between Galois type and Fibonacci type of nonlinear feedback shift registers (NFSRs) is investigated. First, the algebraic forms of Galois NFSRs and Fibonacci NFSRs are proposed respectively by viewing the NFSR as a Boolean network. Then, the observability of NFSRs is defined and the observability matrix is constructed, based on which, some necessary and sufficient conditions for the transformation between an n‐stage Galois NFSR and a Fibonacci NFSR with the same stage or stage less than n are obtained. Finally, two examples are provided to depict the theoretical results.
Interface between Lithium Metal and Garnet Electrolyte: Recent Progress and Perspective
Authors: Wang Jin , Huang Gang , Zhang Xin‐Bo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGarnet electrolytes (GEs) with high ion conductivity, excellent stability against lithium metal (LM) as well as wide electrochemical potential window are attracting increasing interest as they have the potential to enable all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries (ASSLMBs). However, GEs‐based ASSLMBs deeply suffer from daunting problems such as high resistance, fast short circuit, and rapid performance degradation, which can be largely attributed to unsatisfactory LM/GE interface. To this end, this minireview focuses on the LM/GE interface by summarizing the main challenges comprehensively, recapitulating emerging strategies for these challenges, and providing perspectives for future research.
A caged 2‐hydroxyethyl luciferin for bioluminescence imaging of nitroxyl in living cells
Authors: Ju Yong , Wang Anni , Li Xuewei , Xu Xu , Lu Jianzhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNitroxyl (HNO), a one‐electron reduction product of nitric oxide, demonstrates distinct biological and pharmacological activities. Here we designed a bioluminescent turn‐on probe, HNO‐8, that could be used to visualize HNO without the need for excitation light. HNO‐8 was prepared by caging 2‐hydroxyethyl luciferin with a triphenylphosphine unit, in which 2‐hydroxyethyl luciferin as a novel substrate of firefly luciferase was characterized by stronger and more sustained bioluminescent signals than the most popular substrates of d‐luciferin and 6′‐aminoluciferin. In vitro experiments showed that HNO‐8 could selectively respond to HNO generated from Angeli's salt(AS) in the range 1–50 μM, with a limit of detection of 0.196 μM. The probe was successfully applied for visualizing HNO in luciferase‐transfected Huh7 cancer cells. We envision that HNO‐8 could be used as a powerful bioluminescent sensor for researching HNO biological roles.
A validated LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of capivasertib in dog plasma: Application to its pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Nong Li , Chen Meng‐Lei , Liu Ming‐Hui , Cheng Wen‐Wu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, a simple and reliable liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was first developed for the determination of capivasertib in dog plasma with ipatasertib as internal standard. The plasma samples were deproteinated using acetonitrile. An Acquity BEH C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 × 50 mm) maintained at 40°C was used for chromatographical separation, with water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase. Multiple reaction monitoring transitions were m/z 429.2 > 135.1 for capivasertib and m/z 458.2 > 387.2 for ipatasertib, respectively. Excellent linearity was achieved in the concentration range of 1–1,000 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient of >0.9981. The lower limit of quantification was 1 ng/ml. The extraction recovery of capivasertib from dog plasma was >85.81% and no significant matrix effect was found. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was <9.58% and the accuracy ranged from −10.60% to 12.50%. The validated method was further applied to the pharmacokinetic study of capivasertib in dog plasma after single oral (5 mg/kg) and intravenous (1 mg/kg) administrations. The results revealed that capivasertib was rapidly absorbed into plasma with good bioavailability (47.04%) and low clearance.
External validation of the prognostic relevance of the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) in pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Barth Dominik Andreas , Brenner Carina , Riedl Jakob Michael , Prinz Felix , Klocker Eva Valentina , Schlick Konstantin , Kornprat Peter , Lackner Karoline , Stöger Herbert , Stotz Michael , Gerger Armin , Pichler Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) was first introduced for prognosis prediction in lung cancer patients and since then evaluated in several other malignancies. However, in pancreatic cancer (PC) the ALI and its prognostic utility were only investigated in a comparably small and specific cohort of locally advanced PC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy.MethodsIn our single‐center cohort study, we included 429 patients with histologically verified PC who were treated between 2003 and 2015 at our academic institution. The ALI was defined as body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) × serum albumin levels (g/dL)/neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and we defined the optimal cutoff for biomarker dichotomization by ROC‐analysis. Kaplan‐Meier method as well as uni‐ and multivariate Cox regression Hazard proportional models were implemented to assess the prognostic potential of ALI in PC patients. We considered cancer‐specific survival (CSS) as the primary endpoint of the study.ResultsThe ALI showed a significant negative correlation with CA19‐9 levels and C‐reactive protein levels whereas we found an association with localized tumor stage and better performance status (P < .05 for all mentioned variables). As opposed to patients with a high ALI, decreased ALI was significantly associated with shorter CSS (HR = 0.606, 95% CI: 0.471‐0.779, P = .001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated tumor grade, tumor stage, chemotherapy, C‐reactive protein levels, and CA19‐9 levels to independently predict for CSS (all P < .05). In contrast the ALI failed to independently predict for CSS in the performed multivariate models (HR = 0.878, 95% CI: 0.643‐1.198, P = .411).ConclusionIn this large cohort of PC patients, the ALI did not complement existing clinicopathological factors for outcome determination.
Percutaneous coronary intervention: The “oculosufficient” effect and how to overcome it
Authors: Karacsonyi Judit , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: June 2020

Key Points
Intravascular imaging and coronary physiology can improve the outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention but are currently underutilized.
Longer procedure time, higher cost, and challenges with performance and interpretation are barriers to the use of intravascular imaging and physiology.
Selective application of imaging and physiology in more complex interventions, education of how to use these modalities, and reimbursement of the equipment cost could increase adoption of these techniques in everyday clinical practice.
Highly Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Assembly of Azepino[2,3‐b]indoles viaPalladium‐Catalyzed [4 + 3] Cycloaddition†
Authors: Yang Wu‐Lin , Huang Zesheng , Liu Yang‐Zi , Yu Xingxin , Deng Wei‐Ping 
Published: June 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionA palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric [4 + 3] cycloaddition of trimethylenemethanes and indoline‐derived aza‐dienes has been developed. The potential [3 + 2] side pathway was completely suppressed in the process. This protocol provides an efficient access to azepino[2,3‐b]indoles bearing two vicinal stereocenters in generally excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to > 20 : 1 dr, 99% ee).
Oxygen‐Deficient Birnessite‐MnO2 for High‐Performing Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ang Zhi Wei Javier , Xiong Ting , Lee Wee Siang Vincent , Xue Junmin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development and commercialisation of Zinc‐Ion Batteries (ZIBs) faces a daunting challenge caused by the limited selection of cathode materials. Among all the available choices, Manganese‐Based Oxides show the most promising potential due to the various benefits such as, low costs, natural abundance of Manganese, environmental benignity and its multiple valence states. Most notably, Manganese Dioxide (MnO2) as a cathode material for ZIBs has always been a popular area of research as it can exist in various phases with tunnelled and layered structures for the (de‐)intercalation of Zn2+ ions. However, despite many works reported on enhancing the electrochemical performances of MnO2, most of the proposed methodologies of improving the performance is based on Zn2+ ion insertion kinetics and these methods has been pushed to saturation. Herein, we propose an alternative direction of creating oxygen deficiency via defect engineering to enhance the surface‐capacitive electrochemical performance of MnO2. In this work, the Zn//Oxygen‐deficient Birnessite‐MnO2 achieved a specific capacity of 378 mAh g−1 which is one of the highest among other existing Zn//Birnessite‐MnO2 battery systems. Thus, this work is expected to shine light on the potential of defect engineering as a strategy to enhance electrochemical performances of MnO2.
Analytical Approaches for ATAC‐seq Data Analysis
Authors: Smith Jason P. , Sheffield Nathan C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractATAC‐seq, the assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin using sequencing, is a quick and efficient approach to investigating the chromatin accessibility landscape. Investigating chromatin accessibility has broad utility for answering many biological questions, such as mapping nucleosomes, identifying transcription factor binding sites, and measuring differential activity of DNA regulatory elements. Because the ATAC‐seq protocol is both simple and relatively inexpensive, there has been a rapid increase in the availability of chromatin accessibility data. Furthermore, advances in ATAC‐seq protocols are rapidly extending its breadth to additional experimental conditions, cell types, and species. Accompanying the increase in data, there has also been an explosion of new tools and analytical approaches for analyzing it. Here, we explain the fundamentals of ATAC‐seq data processing, summarize common analysis approaches, and review computational tools to provide recommendations for different research questions. This primer provides a starting point and a reference for analysis of ATAC‐seq data. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Stimulated Raman Scattering in Melilite‐Type Crystals Ca2MgSi2O7 and Ca2Ga2SiO7
Authors: Kaminskii Alexander A. , Bohatý Ladislav , Eichler Hans Joachim , Lux Oliver , Rhee Hanjo , Burianek Manfred , Becker Petra 
Published: June 2020

Abstractχ(3)‐nonlinear optical interactions in two melilite‐type stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)‐active non‐centrosymmetric crystals, Ca2MgSi2O7 and Ca2Ga2SiO7, formerly known as Nd3+‐laser media, are presented. Under picosecond pumping at 1.064 and 0.532 µm cascaded and cross‐cascaded effects occur in these tetragonal silicates. Besides the SRS‐promoting phonon modes with energy of ωSRS1 ≈ 908 cm−1 and ωSRS2 ≈ 668 cm−1 for Ca2MgSi2O7, and ωSRS1 ≈ 720 cm−1 and ωSRS2 ≈ 550 cm−1 for Ca2Ga2SiO7, respectively, combined phonon modes are observed. For Ca2MgSi2O7 new data in a broad wavelength range of refractive indices and their dispersion are given as well. The observed χ(3)‐nonlinear properties expand the functionality of the studied silicates and foreshadow their use in self‐frequency Raman laser converters (self‐SRS lasers).
Analytical approaches applied to the analysis of apprehended formulations of anabolic androgenic steroids
Authors: Berneira Lucas M. , da Silva Caroline C. , Passos Luan F. , Poletti Tais , dos Santos Marco A.Z. , de Pereira Claudio M.P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) comprise a class of synthetic androgens resulting from chemical modifications of testosterone, known for their illicit consumption, which can result inextensive side effects. Extraction procedures applied to the analysis of their formulations are still limited to a few methodologies, despite the increasing numbers of confiscations of AASs. In this sense, the aims of this work were to evaluate the extraction of active ingredients from formulations of anabolic agents using solid‐liquid or liquid‐iquid, ultrasonic bath, ultrasonicprobe, and microwave‐assisted extraction. The results indicated that the extraction procedures influenced the detected concentration of AASs, as the use of ultrasonic probe and microwave irradiation increased the overall extraction of anabolic agents compared with solid‐liquid, liquid‐liquid, and ultrasonic bath. Regarding oxymetholone, for instance, the microwave‐assisted extraction and ultrasonic probe extracted, respectively, 37.46 ± 1.36 and 35.69 ± 0.98 mg/tablet, while solid‐liquid extracted 29.63 ± 0.40 mg/tablet of the activeingredient. Therefore, alternative methods such as microwave‐assisted extraction or theultrasonic probe could be used for the analysis of formulations of AASs assisting with the identification of illicit and toxic components.
Ambiguous species boundaries: Hybridization and morphological variation in two closely related Rubus species along altitudinal gradients
Authors: Mimura Makiko , Suga Mihoko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough hybridization frequently occurs among plant species, hybrid zones of divergent lineages formed at species boundaries are less common and may not be apparent in later generations of hybrids with more parental‐like phenotypes, as a consequence of backcrossing. To determine the effects of dispersal and selection on species boundaries, we compared clines in leaf traits and molecular hybrid index along two hybrid zones on Yakushima Island, Japan, in which a temperate (Rubus palmatus) and subtropical (Rubus grayanus) species of wild raspberry are found. Leaf sinus depth in the two hybrid zones had narrower clines at 600 m a.s.l. than the molecular hybrid index and common garden tests confirmed that some leaf traits, including leaf sinus depth that is a major trait used in species identification, are genetically divergent between these closely related species. The sharp transition in leaf phenotypic traits compared to molecular markers indicated divergent selection pressure on the hybrid zone structure. We suggest that species boundaries based on neutral molecular data may differ from those based on observed morphological traits.
Research funding and price negotiation for new drugs
Authors: Barigozzi Francesca , Jelovac Izabela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes the negotiation process, which leads to basic research funding and price setting for new drugs in regulated health insurance markets. Its results bring answers to the following questions: Should basic research be privately funded, publicly funded, or produced by an independent lab? Under which conditions is public integration of basic research efficient? How do pharmaceutical prices respond to different organizations of basic research? We show that efficiency and prices are higher when basic research is integrated in the firm that commercializes the drug as compared with independent basic research. In both organizations, the higher the negotiation power of the research labs relative to the one of the public health authority is, the higher the prices and the efficiency are. We thereby confirm the traditional trade‐off between price containment and dynamic efficiency. We identify one important exception to this trade‐off. Indeed, public integration of basic research can result in lowest prices and highest efficiency, as compared with the other possible organizations, in particular when basic and applied research are highly complementary.
Assessment of reference evapotranspiration across an arid urban environment having poor data monitoring system
Authors: Shafieiyoun Elham , Gheysari Mahdi , Khiadani Mehdi , Koupai Jahangir Abedi , Shojaei Paria , Moomkesh Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEstimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in urban areas is challenging but essential in arid urban climates. To evaluate ET0 in an urban environment and non‐urban areas, air temperature and relative humidity were measured at five different sites across the arid city of Isfahan, Iran, over 4 years. Wind speed and sunshine hours were obtained from an urban surrounding weather station over the same period and used to estimate ET0. Calculated ET0 was compared with satellite‐based ET0 retrieved from the MOD16A2 PET product. Although MODIS PET was strongly correlated with the Valiantzas equation, it overestimated ET0 and showed average accuracy (r = 0.93–0.94, RMSE = 1.18–1.28 mm/day, MBE = 0.73–0.84 mm/day). The highest ET0 differences between an urban green space and a non‐urban area were 1.1 and 0.87 mm/day, which were estimated by ground measurements and MODIS PET, respectively. The sensitivity of ET0 to wind speed and sunshine hours indicated a significant effect on cumulative ET0 at urban sites compared to the non‐urban site, which has a considerable impact on the amount of irrigation required in those areas. Although MODIS PET requires improvement to accurately reflect field level microclimate conditions affecting ET0, it is beneficial to hydrological applications and water resource managers especially in areas where data is limited. In addition, our results indicated that using limited data methods or meteorological data from regional weather stations, leads to incorrect estimation of ET0 in urban areas. Therefore, decision‐makers and urban planners should consider the importance of precisely estimating ET0 to optimize management of urban green space irrigation, especially in arid and semi‐arid climates such as the city of Isfahan.
Philosophy and value in irrigation heritage in China*
Authors: Li Yunpeng , Tan Xuming , Zhou Bo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the history of Chinese irrigation, a myriad of schemes have been constructed for agricultural development for more than 2000 years. Given the unique natural environment and climatic background, irrigation has become necessary for the development of agriculture and livelihoods. Traditional irrigation and agriculture have had a profound influence on Chinese history and culture, which is deeply reflected in the numerous schemesthat have been built. Accordingly, this paper briefly narrates the historical context of Chinese irrigation development and the basic characteristics of engineering technology of traditional irrigation structure. Then, it systematically analyses the historical and cultural aspects of irrigation heritage as well as the practical significance of irrigation heritage protection. Along with the development of Chinese history, irrigation schemes have left a lasting impact on the development of Chinese society, economy, politics and culture. The diversity and technological development of traditional irrigation in China are the inherent demands and inevitable requirements of social development. Although the technological level in the past was limited by certain traditional engineering types and structural materials, the schemes still have a good ecological effect. The philosophical values of Chinese irrigation heritage are also reflected in the relationship between engineering projects and the natural environment, as well as the principle of fair use of water resources in irrigation management based on recognition of the natural and social attributes of water rights. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.