bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Bacteria (ESBL) in Patients presenting with Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) at a peri-Urban hospital, Uganda
Authors: Abubakar Mugaga , Josserine Nabuuma , Peruth Mubeezi , Duncan Onen , Byaruhanga Aggrey , Ampaire Lucas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction Urinary tract infections remain one of the infections that are commonly diagnosed in Uganda with Enterobacteriaceae reported as the commonest uropathogens. Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae have emerged as significant pathogens responsible for most of these urinary tract infections throughout the world. This resistance often leads to therapeutic failures from multidrug resistant bacteria. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing bacteria (ESBLs) in patients presenting with Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) at Mbarara MunicipalCouncil Health Center IV, an urban hospital in Mbarara district, south western Uganda.Methods This was a Cross sectional study in which a total of 158 non repetitive midstream urine samples were obtained from 158 participants during months of June to August, 2018. Samples were cultured on conventional media (MacConkey agar and Cysteine Lysine Electrolyte Deficient agar) using a standard wire loop of capacity 0.05ml, incubated at 37 0 C for 24hrs. Only samples that showed significant growth (growth of pure colonies ≥105 cfu/ml) on primary culture were considered for further testing. The isolates were identified basing on the colony appearance, Gram stain and different conventional biochemical tests. Phenotypic expression of ESBLs production was detected using the double disc synergy test using Amoxicillin, Ceftazidime, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid and Ceftazidime-Clavulanic acid.Results The results show that 23% of the 158 participants had Urinary Tract infection. The most common uropathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (64%) and Escherichia coli (17%). Phenotypic ESBLs was seen in 27.8% (10/36) of the uropathogens and was commonly seen among Escherichia coli , 60% (6/10) isolates. Others included; Pseudomonas species (8%), Enterobacteraerogenes (1.3%), Citrobacterfruendii (0.6%) and coagulase negative staphylococcus (0.6%).Conclusion This study revealed a fairly high prevalence of ESBL producing organisms in Mbarara Municipal Council Health Center IV and high levels of resistance to third generation cephalosporins.
A protocol for evaluating a multi-level implementation theory to scale up obstetric triage in referral hospitals in Ghana
Authors: Williams Caitlin Rain , Bogdewic Stephanie , Owen Medge , Srofe Emmanuel K. , Ramaswamy Rohit 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Ghana significantly reduced maternal and newborn mortality between 1990 and 2015, largely through efforts focused on improving access to care. Yet achieving further progress requires improving the quality and timeliness of care. Beginning in 2013, Ghana Health Service and Kybele, a US-based non-governmental organization, developed an innovative obstetric triage system to help midwives assess, diagnosis, and determine appropriate care plans more quickly and accurately. In 2019, efforts began to scale this successful intervention into six additional hospitals. This protocol describes the theory-based implementation approach guiding scale-up and presents the proposed mixed-methods evaluation plan. Methods An implementation theory was developed to describe how complementary implementation strategies would be bundled into a multi-level implementation approach. Drawing on the Interactive Systems Framework and Evidenced Based System for Implementation Support, the proposed implementation approach is designed to help individual facilities develop implementation capacity and also build a learning network across facilities to support the implementation of evidence-based interventions. A convergent design mixed methods approach will be used to evaluate implementation with relevant data drawn from tailored assessments, routinely collected process and quality monitoring data, textual analysis of relevant documents and WhatsApp group messages, and key informant interviews. Implementation outcomes of interest are acceptability, adoption, and sustainability. Discussion The past decade has seen a rapid growth in the development of frameworks, models, and theories of implementation, yet there remains little guidance on how to use these to operationalize implementation practice. This study proposes one method for using implementation theory, paired with other kinds of mid-level and program theory, to guide the replication and evaluation of a clinical intervention in a complex, real-world setting. The results of this study should help to provide evidence of how implementation theory can be used to help close the “know-do” gap.
Biospeckle optical coherence tomography in speedy visualizing effects of foliar application of plant growth hormone to Chinese chives leaves
Authors: RAJAGOPALAN UMAMAHESWARI , Kabir Mahjabin , Lim Yiheng , Kadono Hirofumi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential of applying the contrast of the speckles obtained as noise in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to monitor short term activity changes during foliar application of phytohormones to a plant. Plant growth hormone, gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) was sprayed onto the leaf of Chinese chives and after 60 minutes, OCT images (1frame:512x2048pixles) were recorded at 10 frames per second for a period of 60 seconds.

Contrast across the temporal axis was calculated for each pixel of the structural images and biospeckle OCT contrast images were obtained under the condition of before and after application of GA3 for different concentrations 0, 40, and 100 mM. Application of 40 mM GA 3 failed to show any differences in the OCT structural images; however, bOCT contrast image was clearly different. Although the mechanism for the contrast difference is not clear, it can be said there is a large change across the temporal scale with the application of GA 3 . This could be due to the changes in the leaf surface structures. Demonstration of OCT utilizing the speckle contrast is believed to have the potential as a promising tool in plant physiology.
Effects Of Environmental Factors And Atmospheric Pollution In The Incidence Of Hospital Admissions By Stroke In São Paulo City
Authors: Takahashi Andre , Sousa Luiz Vinicius de Alcantara , Paiva Laércio da Silva , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Adami Fernando 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To analyze the association between ambient temperature, air humidity and atmospheric pollution with the incidence of hospital admissions for stroke in the city of São Paulo in 2016. Results: An average in the year 2016 was observed for CO of 0.58 ppm (SD = 0.12), not exceeding 0.81 ppm. For MP10, there was an annual average of 28, 26 μg / m3 (SD = 7.13), ranging from 20, 45 μg / m3 to 42.81 μg / m3. MP2.5 had a mean of 2016 of 13.40 μg / m3 (SD = 5.01). SO2 had an annual average of 1,90 μg / m3 (SD = 0,90), with a minimum of 1,20 μg / m3 and a maximum of 4,20 μg / m3. It is observed that the higher incidence values of stroke were stated in the colder and drier months at the year between May and August, that is evident looking for the female incidence of 769 in August and the male incidence of 8.92 in July. This fact matches with high concentrations of the pollutants, mostly SO2 that had the most relevant value of 4.2 μg / m3 in July.
SARS-CoV-2 infected host cell proteomics reveal potential therapy targets
Authors: Bojkova Denisa , Klann Kevin , Koch Benjamin , Widera Marek , Krause David , Ciesek Sandra , Cinatl Jindrich , Münch Christian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A novel coronavirus was recently discovered and termed SARS-CoV-2. Human infection can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), for which, at this point, over 80,000 cases resulting in over 2,500 deaths have been reported in over 40 countries. SARS-CoV-2 shows some similarities to other coronaviruses. However, treatment options and a cellular understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection are lacking. Here we identify the host cell pathways modulated by SARS-CoV-19 infection and reveal that drugs targeting pathways prevent viral replication in human cells. We established a human cell culture model for infection with SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolate. Employing this system, we determined the SARS-CoV-2 infection profile by translatome and proteome proteomics at different times after infection.These analyses revealed that SARS-CoV-2 reshapes central cellular pathways, such as translation, splicing, carbon metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism. Small molecule inhibitors targeting these pathways were tested in cellular infection assays and prevented viral replication. Our results reveal the cellular infection profile of SARS-CoV-2 and led to the identification of drugs inhibiting viral replication. We anticipate our results to guide efforts to develop therapy options for COVID-19.Authors Denisa Bojkova, Kevin Klann, and Benjamin Koch contributed equally to this workData associated with the preprint has been made available on the authors' website.
Metasomatism-controlled hydrogen distribution in the Spitsbergen upper mantle
Authors: Tang Wenting , Hui Hejiu , Ionov Dmitri A. , Chen Wei , Zhang Lisha , Xu Yongjiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Hydrogen concentrations in minerals of peridotite xenoliths in alkali basaltic rocks from Quaternary volcanoes in northwest Spitsbergen were measured using polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to trace the effects of geologic processes on hydrogen distribution in the continental lithospheric mantle. The mineral grains show hydrogen profiles with lower concentrations at rims suggesting diffusive hydrogen loss during the entrapment and transport of the xenoliths in magma. However, hydrogen concentrations in the centers of the grains are uniform and appear to represent hydrogen abundances in the Spitsbergen upper mantle. The olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene contain 1–10, 130–290, and 350–560 ppm H2O, respectively. Hydrogen abundances away from metasomatic melt conduits recorded by Type 1 xenoliths are correlated with the concentrations of incompatible trace elements, indicating that hydrogen distribution is related to mantle metasomatism. By contrast, hydrogen near the melt conduits, recorded by Type 2 xenoliths, shows no regular correlations with incompatible trace elements (except Nb in clinopyroxene) and may be affected by fractional crystallization of amphibole in the conduits. Hydrogen contents decrease away from the melt conduits and are controlled by the interaction between the depleted host mantle and percolating metasomatic melts. Therefore, the metasomatic melt could have variably hydrated the Spitsbergen upper mantle via different processes. The H2O/Ce ratios of the melt in equilibrium with clinopyroxene near the metasomatic melt conduits range from 93 to 218, i.e., within the oceanic island basalt (OIB) range. This is consistent with that the metasomatic melt could have been derived from OIB-type sources evidenced by the Sr-Nd isotope compositions of the xenoliths.
Effects of the dissolution of thermal barrier coating materials on the viscosity of remelted volcanic ash
Authors: Müller Dirk , Hess Kai-Uwe , Kueppers Ulrich , Dingwell Donald B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The chemical interaction between remelted volcanic ash and ceramic coatings of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and/or gadolinium zirconate (GZO) is of special importance for the design of volcanic ash melt-resistant thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) for aviation turbine technologies. The spreading and infiltration potential of the melts is strongly influenced by the melt viscosity. Thus the interpretation of infiltration experiments and modeling of infiltration processes both rely on accurate viscosity data. Melt viscosity may be significantly altered by the dissolution of the YSZ or GZO thermal barrier coatings during the infiltration process. Here, we have determined the influence of YSZ and GZO additions to the viscosity of a series of volcanic ash melts using high-temperature concentric cylinder viscometry. All samples have been characterized fully after viscometry. At 6.5 wt% of YSZ or GZO, both dopants lead to a reduction of viscosity in a temperature range between 1297–1640 °C in air. The magnitude of the decrease in viscosity depends weakly on volcanic ash melt composition. The viscosity effect has been parameterized in the following form:
Δ η = x ⋅ m dopant
whereby x is a melt-composition specific coefficient of viscosity decrease, and mdopant represents the added amount of YSZ/GZO (wt%). This viscosity reduction should contribute to an acceleration of the physical infiltration of TBCs via remelted volcanic ash.
RESMİ SİCİL VE SENETLERLE İSPAT
Authors: KAVAK Yalçin 
Published: March 2020

Resmi sicil, içeriği hakkında, ilgisi ve menfaati olan kişilerin bilgi edinmelerini sağlayan ve resmi memurlar tarafından tutulan kayıtlardır. Resmi senetler ise, kanun veya tarafların iradesiyle resmi şekle bağlanan, resmi görevli kişiler tarafından kanunda belirtilen şekle uygun olarak düzenlenen senetlerdir. Medeni Kanun m.7 hükmü, resmi sicil ve senetlerin doğruyu yansıttığı konusunda bir karine kabul etmiş ve bu karinenin aksinin her türlü delille kanıtlanmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Ancak Medeni Usul Hukuku Kanunu m.201 hükmü, senede karşı senet mecburiyeti getirmiştir. Ayrıca aynı Kanun m.204 hükmü, ilamlarla noterler tarafından düzenlenen senetleri, sahtelikleri ispat olunmadıkça, kesin delil saymış ve bu suretle resmi sicil ve senetlerin içeriğinin doğru olmadığının ispatı hususunda Medeni Kanun m.7/II hükmü ile getirilmiş bulunan delil serbestisi daraltılmıştır. İsviçre’de federal nitelikte bir medeni usul hukuku kanunu 2011 yılından beri vardır. Ayrıca, İsviçre’ de taraflar arasında bir eşitlik sağlamak amacıyla, karinenin aksini ispatlayacak tarafa, resmi sicil ve senetlerin doğru olmadığını her türlü delille ispat etme imkanı verilmiştir. Bu nedenle, ülkemizde başka kanun hükümleri ile aksini ispata getirilmiş olan kısıtlamalar, MK.m. 7 hükmünün ruhu ve amacı ile bağdaşmamaktadır.
Pemahaman Konsep Siswa melalui Model Inkuiri Terbimbing Berbantuan Simulasi PhET
Authors: Rais Asep Abdur , Hakim Lukman , Sulistiawati Sulistiawati 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to understand students' concepts on indicators exemplifying the level of understanding of student concepts through guided inquiry. The population of this study was all grade XI students in one of the high schools in Palembang. This research is quantitative research. The results of understanding students' concepts can be seen from the results of the posttest of each class using t-test. Based on the results of the study showed there were differences between students in the experimental class and the control class. This can be seen from the t-test using SPSS 22 obtained significant results (2 –tailled of 0.00. These results indicate the guided inquiry model has an influence on understanding the concepts of physics.
Biodegradation of low molecular weight polyacrylamide under aerobic and anaerobic conditions: effect of the molecular weight
Authors: Song Wenzhe , Zhang Yu , Hamidian Amir Hossein , Yang Min 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe biodegradation of polyacrylamide (PAM) includes the hydrolysis of amino groups and cleavage of the carbon chain; however, the effect of molecular weight on the biodegradation needs further investigations. In this study, biodegradation of low molecular weight PAM (1.6 × 106 Da) was evaluated in two aerobic (25 °C and 40 °C) and two anaerobic (35 °C and 55 °C) reactors over 100 days. The removal of the low molecular weight PAM (52.0–52.6%) through the hydrolysis of amino groups by anaerobic treatment (35 °C and 55 °C) was much higher than that of the high molecular weight (2.2 × 107 Da, 11.2–17.0%) observed under the same conditions. The molecular weight was reduced from 1.6 × 106 to 6.45–7.42 × 105 Da for the low molecular weight PAM, while the high molecular weight PAM declined from 2.2 × 107 to 3.76–5.87 × 106 Da. The results showed that the amino hydrolysis of low molecular weight PAM is easier than that of the high molecular weight one, while the cleavage of its carbon chain is still difficult. The molecular weights of PAM in the effluents from the two aerobic reactors (25 °C and 40 °C) were further reduced to 4.31 × 105 and 5.68 × 105 Da by the biofilm treatment, respectively. The results would be useful for the management of wastewater containing PAM.
Influence of filter layer positions and hydraulic retention time on removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by porous asphalt pavement
Authors: Luo Hui , Guan Lin , Jing Zhaoqian , Zhang Zeyu , Hu Xiaobo , Tao Mengni , Wang Yin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the removal processes of nitrogen (TN), NH4+-N and phosphorus (TP) from surface runoff by performing experiments on the filter layers in porous asphalt pavement (PAP). Experiments were conducted to compare the differences of the filter layer placed at the top, the middle or the bottom of PAP. The effects of retention time on the removal of the pollutants and the adsorption capacity of PAP materials were also investigated. Results indicated that the filter layer placed under the bed course improved the removal rates of pollutants compared to the other two cases on the whole. The concentration of TP in the effluent decreased by 80% after the 48 h retention time. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the positions of filter layers and the temporary retention time of surface runoff within the bed course of PAP were critical parameters for determining the removal processes of pollutants. Thus, a certain retention time for surface runoff in bed course is of great importance for PAP to serve as an effective low impact development technology for stormwater management.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in soils of greenhouses located in Aksu Antalya, Turkey
Authors: Olgun Bihter , Doğan Güray 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrophobic organic compounds that are generally absorbed on organic fraction of soils. It is known that some PAHs, which can pass to air, soil, water and food as a result of natural or anthropogenic processes, have carcinogenic, toxic and mutagenic effects on humans and animals. One of the important steps that is identified in the transition takes place during agricultural production. Greenhouses are commonly used as a type of agricultural production especially during the winter season in mid and temperate climates. Greenhouse cultivation is abundant in Antalya Aksu Region in Turkey. Two sampling campaigns (autumn and winter) were carried out to sample the soils in 53 glass and polyethylene covered greenhouses. The samples were analysed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for 16 PAHs. The result showed that four ring PAHs were dominant in the region. In the winter season, PAHs concentrations increase because of low volatility of motor vehicle exhaust related PAHs in the atmosphere and of coal and wood combustion emissions used in the heating of greenhouses and surrounding village houses. The cross plots of diagnostic ratios also confirmed coal and wood combustion and traffic emissions in the region.
Regional comparisons of the accessibility and use of ICT in the regions of Russia: the possibility of using integrated indicators
Authors: Bychkova S. G. , Parshintseva L. S. 
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study. The aim of the study is a statistical analysis of the accessibility and the use of information and communication technologies for the population and households based on the developed integrated indices in the regional aspect.Fundamental international documents refer to the increasing role of information in all spheres of society, and indicate that the number of the poorest households with, for example, a mobile phone is higher than that with the access to clean drinking water.Thus, it can be noted that the level of accessibility and use of information and communication technologies is a priority for the development of both individual countries and the world community as a whole.Materials and methods. Methods of grouping and multidimensional classification, analysis of variation, normalizing, construction of multidimensional averages and correlation analysis, as well as tabular and graphical methods of visual representation of the results of the study were used as statistical tools for the study. Microsoft Excel was used to process the primary information.Results. Comparison of currently used indicators has revealed the need to develop and build integrated indices in four main areas of ICT research: infrastructure (physical and information), ICT accessibility (physical and price affordability), the use of ICT (by the population and households, enterprises and organizations, in the public sector), knowledge and skills (education, digital skills). In this study, the analysis was carried out according to the characteristics of the accessibility and the use of ICT for the population and households. The results of the study at the federal district level led to the conclusion that, despite the existence of a unified policy in the field of ICT development and information society at the federal level, there are significant differences in the management of this process and the level of implementation of system development measures for ICT in individual federal districts and regions. The main result of the study is the classification of regions by levels of accessibility and use of ICT. The analysis revealed a significant direct relationship between the components of ICT accessibility and its use. The ratings based on the calculated multidimensional averages allowed us to reveal the leader and lagging regions of the Russian Federation in terms of the development of ICT and information society.Conclusion. According to the results of the statistical research positions of regions of the Russian Federation on the accessibility levels and the use of information and communication technologies were determined, as well as a direct relationship between the indices of accessibility and the use of ICT was revealed as a whole in the Russian Federation, and in individual federal districts.