bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the optimization of the management process on internet of things (Iot) for electronic market
Authors: Zhao Haoyu , Chen Pei-Lin , Khan Shahnawaz , Khalafe Osamah Ibrahim 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Quality is considered one of the essential competitive priorities for managing the Small, Medium Electronics Enterprises (SMEE) market in China; here, the most critical competing priorities and precondition for sector survival and growth are analysed. Instead, small and medium-sized enterprises are significantly disadvantaged and limited to validation capital.

Design/methodology/approach
Quality results are controlled by continuous measurement, irrespective of the product form, as a fundamental issue among firms. Hence, it enables the electronics markets to deal with various aspects of quality programs with effective deployment of IoT-assisted identify management (IIDM) model.

Findings
It enables the electronics markets to deal with various aspects of quality programs with effective deployment of IIDM model available to them without wasting in unimportant and non-productive areas. IIDM makes it essential for SMEEs to analyze total quality management (TQM) towards better understanding the relationship between internal structures and external ones to achieve better quality results.

Originality/value
Analyzes TQM towards better understanding shows the relationship between internal and external structures to achieve better quality results.
How (Not) to Form a Progressive Alliance: Lessons from the History of Left Cooperation
Authors: Ostrowski Marius S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBritain’s political parties can be divided into two blocs: a ‘progressive bloc’ of parties on the left/centre‐left, and a ‘reactionary bloc’ of those on the right/centre‐right. In three of the last four general elections, the progressive bloc won an appreciably larger share of the popular vote than its reactionary rival. Yet its greater internal fragmentation has been repeatedly punished under first past the post, leading to what is now over a decade of Conservative‐led governments. This has prompted growing pressure to form a ‘progressive alliance’ between Labour, Liberal Democrats, Greens, and their Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish nationalist competitors. This article sheds a historical and international light on these demands, examining the difficulties other similar efforts at progressive cooperation have faced across the world. It considers how progressive alliances have previously sought to overcome geographical, ideological, and social divides between their constituent members, and draws some salutary lessons for British progressives today.
Metal–organic framework for the extraction and detection of pesticides from food commodities
Authors: Xu Yan , Wang Hui , Li Xiangxin , Zeng Xiangquan , Du Zhenjiao , Cao Jiankang , Jiang Weibo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPesticide residues in food matrices, threatening the survival and development of humanity, is one of the critical challenges worldwide. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) possess excellent properties, which include excellent adsorption capacity, tailorable shape and size, hierarchical structure, numerous surface‐active sites, high specific surface areas, high chemical stabilities, and ease of modification and functionalization. These promising properties render MOFs as advantageous porous materials for the extraction and detection of pesticides in food samples. This review is based on a brief introduction of MOFs and highlights recent advances in pesticide extraction and detection through MOFs. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects in this field are also described.
Microbial biosurfactant research: time to improve the rigour in the reporting of synthesis, functional characterization and process development
Authors: Twigg Matthew Simon , Baccile Niki , Banat Ibrahim M. , Déziel Eric , Marchant Roger , Roelants Sophie , Van Bogaert Inge N. A. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe demand for microbially produced surface‐active compounds for use in industrial processes and products is increasing. As such, there has been a comparable increase in the number of publications relating to the characterization of novel surface‐active compounds: novel producers of already characterized surface‐active compounds and production processes for the generation of these compounds. Leading researchers in the field have identified that many of these studies utilize techniques are not precise and accurate enough, so some published conclusions might not be justified. Such studies lacking robust experimental evidence generated by validated techniques and standard operating procedures are detrimental to the field of microbially produced surface‐active compound research. In this publication, we have critically reviewed a wide range of techniques utilized in the characterization of surface‐active compounds from microbial sources: identification of surface‐active compound producing microorganisms and functional testing of resultant surface‐active compounds. We have also reviewed the experimental evidence required for process development to take these compounds out of the laboratory and into industrial application. We devised this review as a guide to both researchers and the peer‐reviewed process to improve the stringency of future studies and publications within this field of science.
Predicting amphibian intraspecific diversity with machine learning: Challenges and prospects for integrating traits, geography, and genetic data
Authors: Barrow Lisa N. , Masiero da Fonseca Emanuel , Thompson Coleen E. P. , Carstens Bryan C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe growing availability of genetic data sets, in combination with machine learning frameworks, offers great potential to answer long‐standing questions in ecology and evolution. One such question has intrigued population geneticists, biogeographers, and conservation biologists: What factors determine intraspecific genetic diversity? This question is challenging to answer because many factors may influence genetic variation, including life history traits, historical influences, and geography, and the relative importance of these factors varies across taxonomic and geographic scales. Furthermore, interpreting the influence of numerous, potentially correlated variables is difficult with traditional statistical approaches. To address these challenges, we analysed repurposed data using machine learning and investigated predictors of genetic diversity, focusing on Nearctic amphibians as a case study. We aggregated species traits, range characteristics, and >42,000 genetic sequences for 299 species using open‐access scripts and various databases. After identifying important predictors of nucleotide diversity with random forest regression, we conducted follow‐up analyses to examine the roles of phylogenetic history, geography, and demographic processes on intraspecific diversity. Although life history traits were not important predictors for this data set, we found significant phylogenetic signal in genetic diversity within amphibians. We also found that salamander species at northern latitudes contained low genetic diversity. Data repurposing and machine learning provide valuable tools for detecting patterns with relevance for conservation, but concerted efforts are needed to compile meaningful data sets with greater utility for understanding global biodiversity.
Quantifying phagocytic lymphocytes in ectothermic vertebrates: A simplified technique for assessing immune function
Authors: Slama Summer L. , Painter Mariah N. , Sheedy Maxwell D. , Sandmeier Franziska C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Many measures of immune function used in ecoimmunological studies were optimized for endotherms and may not adequately characterize immunocompetence in ectothermic species. Lymphocytes are interpreted as functioning in adaptive immunity despite evidence that large proportions of these cells have innate immune functions, including phagocytosis, in ectotherms.

We modified previously published protocols to remove many barriers that inhibited the wide application of assays to quantify phagocytic activity in lymphocytes. These barriers included the use of species‐specific reagents, high cost and incompatibility with field work. We statistically compared published methods to our simplified technique using blood samples collected from tortoises.

We show the efficacy of the new technique and offer an outline for optimizing these methods for different species and to address a wide variety of ecoimmunological questions.

A full understanding of immune function in ectothermic vertebrates is needed to comprehend complex epidemiological patterns. As our assay disentangles the relationship between effector cells (lymphocytes) and their function (phagocytosis), these methods provide a foundation for more thorough analyses of ecoimmunological patterns.
Derivation With Internal Validation of a Multivariable Predictive Model to Predict COVID‐19 Test Results in Emergency Department Patients
Authors: McDonald Samuel A. , Medford Richard J. , Basit Mujeeb A. , Diercks Deborah B. , Courtney D. Mark 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic has placed acute care providers in demanding situations in predicting disease given the clinical variability, desire to cohort patients, and high variance in testing availability. An approach to stratifying patients by likelihood of disease based on rapidly available emergency department (ED) clinical data would offer significant operational and clinical value. The purpose of this study was to develop and internally validate a predictive model to aid in the discrimination of patients undergoing investigation for COVID‐19.MethodsAll patients greater than 18 years presenting to a single academic ED who were tested for COVID‐19 during this index ED evaluation were included. Outcome was defined as the result of COVID‐19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing during the index visit or any positive result within the following 7 days. Variables included chest radiograph interpretation, disease‐specific screening questions, and laboratory data. Three models were developed with a split‐sample approach to predict outcome of the PCR test utilizing logistic regression, random forest, and gradient‐boosted decision tree methods. Model discrimination was evaluated comparing area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) and point statistics at a predefined threshold.ResultsA total of 1,026 patients were included in the study collected between March and April 2020. Overall, there was disease prevalence of 9.6% in the population under study during this time frame. The logistic regression model was found to have an AUC of 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.84 to 0.94) when including four features: exposure history, temperature, white blood cell count (WBC), and chest radiograph result. Random forest method resulted in AUC of 0.86 (95% CI = 0.79 to 0.92) and gradient boosting had an AUC of 0.85 (95% CI = 0.79 to 0.91). With a consistently held negative predictive value, the logistic regression model had a positive predictive value of 0.29 (0.2–0.39) compared to 0.2 (0.14–0.28) for random forest and 0.22 (0.15–0.3) for the gradient‐boosted method.ConclusionThe derived predictive models offer good discriminating capacity for COVID‐19 disease and provide interpretable and usable methods for those providers caring for these patients at the important crossroads of the community and the health system. We found utilization of the logistic regression model utilizing exposure history, temperature, WBC, and chest X‐ray result had the greatest discriminatory capacity with the most interpretable model. Integrating a predictive model‐based approach to COVID‐19 testing decisions and patient care pathways and locations could add efficiency and accuracy to decrease uncertainty.
Identification and functional study of genetic polymorphisms in cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A)
Authors: Kim You Ran , Yi MyeongJin , Cho Sun‐Ah , Kim Woo‐Young , Min JungKi , Shin Jae‐Gook , Lee Su‐Jun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) is an enzyme that plays an important role in the regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)–mediated intracellular signaling in cardiac myocytes and platelets. PDE3A hydrolyzes cAMP, which results in a decrease in intracellular cAMP levels and leads to platelet activation. Whole‐exome sequencing of 50 DNA samples from a healthy Korean population revealed a total of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms including five missense variants, D12N, Y497C, H504Q, C707R, and A980V. Recombinant proteins for the five variants of PDE3A (and wild‐type protein) were expressed in a FreeStyle 293 expression system with site‐directed mutagenesis. The expression of the recombinant PDE3A proteins was confirmed with Western blotting. Catalytic activity of the PDE3A missense variants and wild‐type enzyme was measured with a PDE‐based assay. Effects of the missense variants on the inhibition of PDE3A activity by cilostazol were also investigated. All variant proteins showed reduced activity (33–53%; p < .0001) compared to the wild‐type protein. In addition, PDE3A activity was inhibited by cilostazol in a dose‐dependent manner and was further suppressed in the missense variants. Specifically, the PDE3A Y497C showed significantly reduced activity, consistent with the predictions of in silico analyses. The present study provides evidence that individuals carrying the PDE3A Y497C variant may have lower enzyme activity for cAMP hydrolysis, which could cause interindividual variation in cAMP‐mediated physiological functions.
Increased maternal body mass index is associated with prolonged anaesthetic and surgical times for caesarean delivery but is partially offset by clinician seniority and established epidural analgesia
Authors: Lawrence Sue , Malacova Eva , Reutens David , Sturgess David J. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundObesity is associated with higher surgical and anaesthetic morbidity and difficulties.AimsWe aimed to investigate associations between maternal body mass index (BMI) and the in‐theatre time taken to produce an anaesthetised state or to perform surgery for caesarean delivery.Materials and MethodsUsing the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines, we identified all women who underwent caesarean section at a single institution (2009–2015). The prospectively collected data arising from antenatal and peripartum care were analysed. Generalised linear regression was used to examine associations between maternal BMI and the time taken to anaesthetise the mother and the duration of surgery.ResultsOf a total of 24 761 caesarean deliveries, 5607 (22.7%) women were obese at antenatal registration. In‐theatre anaesthetic preparation (18 vs 32 min, P < 0.001) and surgical duration (38 vs 52 min, P < 0.001) were longer in women with BMI ≥50 kg/m2 (BMI‐50) than those with normal BMI (BMI‐N). This difference remained significant after controlling for antenatal, intra‐operative and immediate postoperative variables. Modifiable variables were identified that may mitigate the effects of severe obesity. Senior obstetric and anaesthetic care were both independently associated with a significant reduction in mean in‐theatre anaesthetic preparation time and surgical duration, by 11 and three minutes respectively (P < 0.001), while epidural top‐up significantly lessened mean anaesthetic in‐theatre preparation duration by seven minutes (P < 0.001).ConclusionsObese women had greater anaesthesia and surgery time, but the effect may potentially be mitigated by provision of care by experienced staff and prior establishment of epidural analgesia.
Assessment of infections rate due to community‐acquired Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and evaluation of risk factors in the paediatric population
Authors: Galper Ella , Bdolah‐Abram Tali , Megged Orli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimWe aimed at assessing the frequency of Community‐acquired Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA‐MRSA) infections, identifying its risk factors and evaluating resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus to various antibiotics in order to recommend the optimal empirical treatment for suspected Staphylococcus aureus infections.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of children who were treated at Shaare Zedek medical centre, located in Jerusalem, Israel, over the years 2008–2019 and had a positive culture for Staphylococcus aureus. Patients with CA‐MRSA infections were compared with Methicillin‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (CA‐MSSA) infections.ResultsIn this study, 620 paediatric patients were included. The number of children in the CA‐MRSA study group was 124, while the MSSA control group consisted of 496 children. Risk factors for CA‐MRSA infections included young age (1–5 years), female sex, Arab ethnicity and residence in East Jerusalem. The incidence of CA‐MRSA increased over the past decade, with an average of 11.2%. An increase in MSSA resistance to clindamycin was noted while Trimethoprim‐Sulphamethoxazole resistance remained low.ConclusionThe incidence of CA‐MRSA in Jerusalem was rising, along with changes in resistance patterns of both MSSA and MRSA to various antibiotic agents. In order to optimise empirical treatment for suspected staphylococcal infection, continued monitoring of CA‐MRSA prevalence and resistance rates is essential.
Obtaining optimal cutoff values for tree classifiers using multiple biomarkers
Authors: Zhu Yuxin , Wang Mei‐Cheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn biomedical practices, multiple biomarkers are often combined using a prespecified classification rule with tree structure for diagnostic decisions. The classification structure and cutoff point at each node of a tree are usually chosen on an ad hoc basis, depending on decision makers' experience. There is a lack of analytical approaches that lead to optimal prediction performance, and that guide the choice of optimal cutoff points in a pre‐specified classification tree. In this paper, we propose to search for and estimate the optimal decision rule through an approach of rank correlation maximization. The proposed method is flexible, theoretically sound, and computationally feasible when many biomarkers are available for classification or prediction. Using the proposed approach, for a prespecified tree‐structured classification rule, we can guide the choice of optimal cutoff points at tree nodes and estimate optimal prediction performance from multiple biomarkers combined.
Cell‐derived microparticles and sickle cell disease chronic vasculopathy in sub‐Saharan Africa: A multinational study
Authors: Dembélé Abdoul K. , Lapoumeroulie Claudine , Diaw Mor , Tessougue Oumarou , Offredo Lucile , Diallo Dapa A. , Diop Saliou , Elion Jacques , Colin‐Aronovicz Yves , Tharaux Pierre‐Louis , Jouven Xavier , Romana Marc , Ranque Brigitte , Le Van Kim Caroline 
Published: November 2020

SummaryAlthough most individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) live in sub‐Saharan Africa, the natural history of the disease on this continent remains largely unknown. Intravascular haemolysis results in activation of circulating blood cells and release of microparticles (MPs) that exert pro‐inflammatory effects and contribute to vascular damage. We designed a case‐control study nested in the CADRE cohort (Coeur‐Artère‐DRÉpanocytose, clinical trials.gov identifier NCTO3114137) and based on extreme phenotypes, to analyse blood cell‐derived MPs in 232 adult SS patients at steady state in Bamako and Dakar. Thirty‐six healthy adult controls matched by age and sex were recruited in Bamako. The MPs concentrations were higher in SS patients compared to AA controls with a predominance of erythrocyte‐ and reticulocyte‐derived MPs. These erythroid‐derived MPs were significantly lower in patients with retinopathy (P = 0·022). Reticulocyte‐derived MPs were significantly negatively and positively associated with a history of priapism (P = 0·020) and leg ulcers (P = 0·041) respectively. We describe for the first time the comparative patterns of plasma MPs in healthy subjects andpatients with SCD living in sub‐Saharan Africa and exhibiting various complications. Because our present results show no clear pattern of correlation between erythroid MPs and the classical hyper‐haemolytic complications, we hypothesise a weak relevance of the hyper‐haemolysis versus hyper‐viscous paradigm in Africa.
Iodine status in UK–An accidental public health triumph gone sour
Authors: Woodside Jayne V. , Mullan Karen R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe improvement in iodine status among the UK population from the 1930s onwards has been described as an ‘accidental public health triumph’ despite the lack of any iodine fortification program. However, iodine deficiency in the UK has re‐emerged in vulnerable groups and is likely due to a combination of changing farming practices, dietary preferences and public health priorities. The UK is now among only a minority of European countries with no legislative framework for iodine fortification. The experience of folic acid fortification and the 28‐year delay in its implementation lays bare the political difficulties of introducing any fortification program in the UK. If iodine fortification is not an imminent possibility, then it is important to explore other options: how to change farming practice especially on organic farms; encourage dairy intake; protect and expand our public health programs of milk provision for vulnerable groups and embark on education programs for women of childbearing potential and healthcare professionals. This review explores how the UK may have arrived at this juncture and how the iodine status of the nation may be improved at this time of major political and public health upheaval.
Tooth agenesis: What do we know and is there a connection to cancer?
Authors: Bonczek Ondrej , Krejci Premysl , Izakovicova‐Holla Lydie , Cernochova Pavlina , Kiss Igor , Vojtesek Borivoj 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLike all developmental processes, odontogenesis is highly complex and dynamically regulated, with hundreds of genes co‐expressed in reciprocal networks. Tooth agenesis (missing one or more/all teeth) is a common human craniofacial anomaly and may be caused by genetic variations and/or environmental factors. Variants in PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2, EDA, EDAR, and WNT10A genes are associated with tooth agenesis. Currently, variants in ATF1, DUSP10, CASC8, IRF6, KDF1, GREM2, LTBP3, and components and regulators of WNT signaling WNT10B, LRP6, DKK, and KREMEN1 are at the forefront of interest. Due to the interconnectedness of the signaling pathways of carcinogenesis and odontogenesis, tooth agenesis could be a suitable marker for early detection of cancer predisposition. Variants in genes associated with tooth agenesis could serve as prognostic or therapeutic targets in cancer. This review aims to summarize existing knowledge of development and clinical genetics of teeth. Concurrently, the review proposes possible approaches for future research in this area, with particular attention to roles in monitoring, early diagnosis and therapy of tumors associated with defective tooth development.