bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of starvation resistance in an invasive insect species, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)
Authors: Papach Anna , Williams Geoffrey R. , Neumann Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStarvation resistance, or the ability to survive periods without food, can shed light on selection pressure imposed by food scarcity, including chances to invade new regions as a result of human transport. Surprisingly, little information is known about starvation resistance for invasive insect species. Given that native and invasive populations differ in starvation resistance, this would suggest different selection scenarios and adaptive shifts fostering invasion success. Here, we show striking differences in starvation resistance of adult small hive beetles Aethina tumida (SHB) between native and invasive populations. In the laboratory, starvation resistance of freshly emerged laboratory‐reared and field‐collected adult females and males was evaluated in the beetle's native African range and in their invasive North American range. SHB in their native African range survived longer than SHB in their invasive North American range. Across ranges, females survived longer than males. Field‐collected SHB survived in Africa longer than freshly emerged ones, but not in the invasive range. This suggests no selection for starvation resistance in the invasive range, possibly due to differences between African and European‐derived honey bee hosts facilitating a trade‐off scenario between reproduction and starvation resistance. The ability of adult females to survive up to two months without food appears to be one factor contributing to the invasion success of this species. Assuming food availability is usually high in the invasive ranges, and trade‐offs between starvation resistance and fecundity/reproduction are common, it seems as if selection for starvation resistance during transport could set up potential trade‐offs that enhance reproduction after invasion. It would be interesting to see if this is a possible general pattern for invasive insect species.
Continuous‐Flow Nanoparticle Trapping Driven by Hybrid Electrokinetics in Microfluidics
Authors: Liu Weiyu , Tao Ye , Xue Rui , Song Chunlei , Wu Qisheng , Ren Yukun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe introduce herein an efficient microfluidic approach for continuous transport and localized collection of nanoparticles via hybrid electrokinetics, which delicately combines linear and nonlinear electrokinetics driven by a composite DC‐biased AC voltage signal. The proposed technique utilizes a simple geometrical structure, in which one or a series of metal strips serving as floating electrode (FE) are attached to the substrate surface and arranged in parallel between a pair of coplanar driving electrodes (DE) in a straight microchannel. On application of a DC‐biased AC electric field across the channel, nanoparticles can be transported continuously by DC bulk electroosmotic flow, and then trapped selectively onto the metal strips due to AC‐field induced‐charge electrokinetic (ICEK) phenomenon, which behaves as counter‐rotating micro‐vortices around the ideally polarizable surfaces of FE. Finite‐element simulation is carried out by coupling the dual‐frequency electric field, flow field and sample mass transfer in sequence, for guiding a practical design of the microfluidic nanoparticle concentrator. With the optimal device geometry, the actual performance of the technique is investigated with respect to DC bias, AC voltage amplitude, and field frequency by using both latex nanospheres (∼500 nm) and BSA molecules (∼10 nm). Our experimental observation indicates nanoparticles are always enriched into a narrow bright band on the surface of each FE, and a horizontal concentration gradient even emerges in the presence of multiple metal strips, which therefore permits localized analyte enrichment. The proposed trapping method is supposed to guide an elaborate design of flexible electrokinetic frameworks embedding FE for continuous‐flow analyte manipulation in modern microfluidic systems.
From your eyes only: Efficiency of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA isolation from contact lenses at crime scenes
Authors: C. Zapico Sara , Crucet Krizia , Antevska Aleksandra , Fernandez‐Paradas Rosalina , Burns Christina , DeGaglia Cassandra , Ubelaker Douglas H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecovering appropriate evidence from crime scenes to identify the perpetrator, or in certain cases, the victim, is one of the main goals of forensic investigation. The current practice includes collection of objects from which “trace” or “touch” DNA may be retrieved. Contact lenses, worn by the perpetrator/victim, represent a potentially good source of DNA. This is based on their exposure to touch DNA and the release and regeneration of epithelial cells from the eye. This study takes these premises into account with the objective of analyzing the efficiency of human nuclear and mitochondrial DNA isolation from contact lenses. DNA was collected using a non‐destructive technique (double‐swab) and subsequently isolated using a silica‐based methodology. Although DNA quantification was variable among subjects and contact lenses, it was sufficient to amplify some STRs and successfully sequence mtDNA. The findings from this research provide a proof‐of‐concept that it is possible to recover, isolate, amplify human nuclear DNA, and characterize mitochondrial DNA from contact lenses left at crime scenes. These results show the potential importance of recovering unusual items from crime scenes as a potential source of DNA to identify the victim and/or suspect.
Laboratory‐scale simulation of industrial neutral electrolytic pickling as a bipolar system—Parameters affecting indirect polarization pickling of annealed stainless steel
Authors: Tuovinen Teemu , Vielma Tuomas , Lassi Ulla 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs the production of stainless steel increases, environmental concerns due to an increasing demand of production capacity, require an efficient use of energy and materials. Efficient removal of otherwise slow‐to‐dissolve chromium oxide layer can be achieved with electrochemical pre‐pickling before final mixed acid pickling. Neutral electrolytic pickling can be used to rapidly dissolve chromium oxides but suffers from low current efficiency of both the reaction and the system. In order to study the effect of critical parameters for the current efficiency of the system, a pickling device was assembled. A system current efficiency factorial analysis of bipolar neutral electrolytic pickling was conducted for temperature, electrolyte concentration, cell potential, and electrode‐to‐sample distance. Lowering the concentration of electrolytes shows potential to increase current efficiency significantly as conductivity can be used to reduce electrode‐to‐electrode short‐circuiting, which is the biggest cause of decreased efficiency in neutral electrolytic pickling. Increasing the temperature has a positive effect on efficiency, despite increased conductivity, possibly from increasing reaction kinetics.
Seismic control of flexible rocking structures using inerters
Authors: Thiers‐Moggia Rodrigo , Málaga‐Chuquitaype Christian 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAllowing flexible structures to uplift and rock during earthquakes can significantly reduce the force demands and residual displacements. However, such structures are still susceptible to large deformations and accelerations that can compromise their functionality. In this paper, we examine the dynamic response of elastic rocking oscillators and suggest that their lateral drifts and accelerations can be limited effectively by using inerter devices. To this end, we offer a detailed examination of the effects of structural flexibility on the efficiency of the proposed system. The analytical expressions governing the motion of deformable structures with base uplift are revisited to incorporate the effects of the supplemental rotational inertia. The proposed model is then used to study the structural demands of flexible rocking structures under coherent pulses as well as noncoherent real pulse‐like ground motions. Our results show that combining rocking with inerters can be an efficient strategy to control the deformation and acceleration demands in uplifting flexible systems.
Brain white matter microstructure in obese women with binge eating disorder
Authors: Estella Nara Mendes , Sanches Liana Guerra , Maranhão Mara Fernandes , Hoexter Marcelo Queiroz , Schmidt Ulrike , Campbell Iain C. , Amaro Edson , Claudino Angélica Medeiros 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveResearch on potential brain circuit abnormalities in binge eating disorder (BED) is limited. Here, we assess white matter (WM) microstructure in obese women with BED.MethodDiffusion tensor imaging data were acquired, and tract‐based spatial statistics used to examine WM in women with BED who were obese (n= 17) compared to normal‐weight (NWC) (n= 17) and to women who were obese (OBC) (n= 13). Body mass index (BMI) was a covariate in the analyses.ResultsThe BED group (vs. NWC) had greater axial diffusion (AD) in the forceps minor, anterior thalamic radiation, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, that is, in pathways connecting fronto‐limbic regions. Microstructures differences in AD between the BED and OBC groups were seen in fronto‐limbic pathways extending to temporoparietal pathways. The BED (vs. OBC) group had greater fractional anisotropy in the forceps minor and greater AD in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulate gyrus, and corpus callosum, consistent with fronto‐tempoparietal pathways.ConclusionWomen with BED show WM alterations in AD in fronto‐limbic and parietal pathways that are important in decision‐making processes. As BMI was a covariate in the analyses, alterations in BED may be part of the pathology, but whether they are a cause or effect of illness is unclear.
Driving better intervention outcomes in eating disorders: A systematic synthesis of research priority setting and the involvement of consumer input
Authors: Wade Tracey D. , Hart Laura M. , Mitchison Deborah , Hay Phillipa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveSetting specific research priorities and involving consumers in this process is one pathway to driving better intervention outcomes in eating disorders (EDs). We reviewed research priority setting in the field and the involvement of consumers in this priority setting.MethodA systematic review following the PRSIMA statement was conducted and eight studies were identified for inclusion; four included substantial input from consumers, and four were researcher led. Similarities and differences across the types of studies were examined.ResultsResearch priorities informed by consumers were primarily concerned with producing better interventions and outcomes. A large degree of overlap with researcher‐led priorities was present. The former studies had a greater focus on early intervention, bridging the research‐practice gap, and recovery, while the latter were more likely to address diagnosis, genetic factors, brain circuitry, and pharmacotherapy. Priorities endorsed across more than one consumer‐informed study included: the role of self‐harm, working with health care professionals to increase early detection, supporting transition between services, and six issues about improved treatments.ConclusionsThe ED field needs to engage in more meaningful involvement of co‐design across consumers, clinicians and researchers along the entire research journey, not just research priority setting. An integrated research strategy incorporating a co‐design perspective has the potential to drive better outcomes.
Headspace sampling‐gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer as a screening method to thermally extract fireground contaminants from retired firefighting turnout jackets
Authors: Shinde Adhiraj , Ormond R. Bryan 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYFirefighters are at a 1.5 to 2 times greater risk of contracting certain types of cancers as compared to the general population. After preliminary studies, it was evident that contaminated turnout gear and ensemble elements could be linked to heightened cancer rates amongst firefighters. Compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), perfluorinated compounds, phenols, phthalates, brominated flame retardants, dioxins, volatile organic compounds, and many others are present in the contaminated gear, of which many are known carcinogens. A setup of headspace sampler‐gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer was used to measure the off‐gassing of the fabric samples taken from retired field‐contaminated turnout jackets. The fabric samples were exposed to a specific temperature and allowed to equilibrate for a fixed time in the HS. A custom reference mix of phenols, phthalates and PAHs was put together to develop standard calibration curves. The compounds off‐gassing from the outer shell, thermal liner and the moisture barrier were analyzed and the masses of certain marker compounds were calculated based of the standard calibration curves. The technique could be used as a screening method to thermally extract contaminants from field‐contaminated firefighter turnout materials such as jackets, pants, gloves, and so on.
Identification of four novel compounds in citrus oils via high‐performance liquid chromatography, using post‐column luminol‐mediated chemiluminescence detection and NMR analysis
Authors: Wang Ying , Calandra Michael J. , Veazey Robert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo unknown peaks were sometimes observed during analysis for terpene hydroperoxides (THPs) in various citrus oils using high‐performance liquid chromatography with post‐column luminol‐mediated chemiluminescence detection (HPLC‐CL). These two peaks showed behaviour similar to previously observed peroxyhemiacetals (PHAs) that formed from THPs and aldehydes in citrus oils. Like those PHAs, the unknown peaks also diminished in aqueous solution over time, but instead of liberating THPs, H2O2 was the product of dissociation. Working in tangerine oil, a similar investigation was performed as per our previously reported work on terpene‐derived PHAs, and these two unknown peaks were attributed to PHA adducts of H2O2 with octanal (C8 ald) or decanal (C10 ald), respectively. Each peak consisted of an enantiomeric pair, and the identification of these four compounds was made via HPLC‐CL retention time matching using two separation systems with different selectivity, and NMR analysis. The two enantiomeric adducts from H2O2 and octanal co‐eluted with linalool acetate hydroperoxide (Lin‐Ac‐HP) if it was present in the oil, but they can be distinguished by re‐injecting aged prepared samples. The H2O2‐derived PHAs will slowly dissociate and therefore be decreased by the sample preparation treatment while any Lin‐Ac‐HP that may be present will remain unchanged or increase.
Corporate governance and firms financial performance in the United Kingdom
Authors: Kyere Martin , Ausloos Marcel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine empirically the impact of good corporate governance on financial performance of United Kingdom non‐financial listed firms. Agency theory and stewardship theory serve as the bases of a conceptual model. Five corporate governance mechanisms are examined on two financial performance indicators, return on assets and Tobin's Q, employing cross‐sectional regression methodology. The conclusion drawn from empirical test so performed on 252 firms listed on London Stock Exchange for the year 2014 indicates a positive or a negative relationship, but also sometimes no effect, of corporate governance mechanisms impact on financial performance. The implications are discussed. Thereby, so distinguishing effects due to causes, we present a proof that, when the right corporate governance mechanisms are chosen, the finances of a firm can be improved. The results of this research should have some implication on academia and policy makers thoughts.
Characterizing near‐infrared spectroscopy signal under hypercapnia
Authors: Yang Ho‐Ching (Shawn) , Liang Zhenhu , Vike Nicole L. , Lee Taylor , Rispoli Joseph V. , Nauman Eric A. , Talavage Thomas M. , Tong Yunjie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVasoactive stress tests (i.e. hypercapnia, elevated partial pressure of arterial CO2 [PaCO2]) are commonly used in functional MRI (fMRI), to induce cerebral blood flow changes and expose hidden perfusion deficits in the brain. Compared with fMRI, near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an alternative low‐cost, real‐time, and non‐invasive tool, which can be applied in out‐of‐hospital settings. To develop and optimize vasoactive stress tests for NIRS, several hypercapnia‐induced tasks were tested using concurrent‐NIRS/fMRI on healthy subjects. The results indicated that the cerebral and extracerebral reactivity to elevated PaCO2 depended on the rate of the CO2 increase. A steep increase resulted in different cerebral and extracerebral reactivities, leading to unpredictable NIRS measurements compared with fMRI. However, a ramped increase, induced by ramped‐CO2 inhalation or breath‐holding tasks, induced synchronized cerebral, and extracerebral reactivities, resulting in consistent NIRS and fMRI measurements. These results demonstrate that only tasks that increase PaCO2 gradually can produce reliable NIRS results.
Bone Geometry, Density, and Microarchitecture in the Distal Radius and Tibia in Adults With Marfan Syndrome Assessed by HR-pQCT
Authors: Folkestad Lars , Groth Kristian A , Shanbhogue Vikram , Hove Hanne , Kyhl Kasper , Østergaard John R , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Andersen Niels H , Gravholt Claus H 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a hereditary disorder of connective tissue caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene. Studies have shown that patients with MFS have lower bone mass, but little is known about the other constituents of bone strength. We hypothesize that patients with MFS will have larger bone area and compromised cortical microarchitecture compared with non-MFS individuals. A total of 74 adult patients with MFS and 145 age- and sex-matched non-MFS reference individuals were included in this study. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) at the distal radius and distal tibia and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of total hip and the lumbar spine were performed, and bone turnover and sex hormones were measured. Patients with MFS had significantly lower areal bone mineral density (BMD) at the total spine (−13%) and total hip (−7%) when compared with the reference group. Patients with MFS had significantly larger total bone area at both the radius (+27%) and tibia (+34%). Volumetric BMD at both measured sites showed significantly reduced total, trabecular, and cortical volumetric BMD in patients with MFS compared with the reference group. The microarchitectural parameters at the radius and tibia were compromised in patients with MFS with significantly reduced trabecular number and thickness, leading to a higher trabecular separation and significantly reduced cortical thickness and increased cortical porosity compared with the reference group. The differences in bone density, geometry, or microarchitecture were not explained by increased bone turnover markers or circulating levels of sex hormones. We conclude patients with MFS have altered bone geometry, altered bone microstructure, and lower bone mass (lower areal BMD and volumetric BMD at all sites) compared with healthy reference individuals. Future studies should focus on fracture rates and fracture risk in adult and aging patients with MFS. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Mechanochromic and vapochromic fluorescence of a bulky π‐system: Alkyl chain‐length effects, triplex emission, and differential sensing of aniline vapors
Authors: Lee Chin‐Han , Hsu Li‐Yun , Lien Chen‐Yu , Huang Pei‐Yu , Yang Jye‐Shane 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe interplay of mechanical grinding and aniline vapor fuming on the fluorescence of the pentiptycene‐anthracene‐pentiptycene π‐conjugated molecules PAP‐Cn, where n is 4, 8, 12, or 16 and refers to the number of carbon atom in the terminal alkyl chains, in solid films are reported. The differences and similarities among the four homologs have led to a conclusion of the formation of an emissive triplex state for the ground and fumed films. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals the guest‐host molar ratio and the retention ability of the aniline on the various types of films. A stepwise protocol of fuming‐grinding‐annealing is developed for fluorimetric differential sensing of eight substituted aniline vapors with a single probe of PAP‐C8. The role of the bulky pentiptycene groups in the observed fluorescence properties is also discussed.
Ion chromatography as candidate reference method for the determination of chloride in human serum
Authors: Shen Min , Tu Minmin , Zhang Wei , Zou Jihua , Zhang Man , Cao Zheng , Zou Bingde 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe developed an ion chromatography (IC) method for measurement of chloride in human serum which was regarded as a simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive technique. The method will be hopefully selected as a candidate reference method.MethodSerum aliquots of 0.1 mL were diluted 500 times with Milli‐Q water, and chloride in serum samples was measured by IC with a gradient elution procedure using a KOH eluent generator.ResultsBased on the data, chloride in human serum was well detected by IC. The calibration curve for chloride was linear in the concentration range from 0 to 0.42 mmol/L with a correlation coefficient of .99995 under the optimum experimental conditions. The chloride concentration had a good linear relationship with the peak areas of chloride. This method was sensitive because of the low limit of detection (LOD) and the low limit of quantification (LOQ) 9.87 × 10−5 mmol/L and 3.27 × 10−4 mmol/L, respectively. Besides, the method was highly precise with the within‐run coefficient of variations (CVs) for the measurement of low, medium, and high concentration level samples 0.32%, 0.73%, and 0.50%. As for the evaluation of accuracy, the biases were less than ±1% and 2% by comparing with National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) standard material SRM 956d and 2013‐2018 IFCC‐RELA samples, respectively. Finally, the biases between IC method and the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) method were less than 1% which showed good agreement.ConclusionIon chromatography is a simple sample treatment procedure for the determination of chloride in human serum with high sensitivity and specificity. The proposed method could be recommended as a candidate reference method for the determination of serum chloride in human serum.