bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualizing the In Vivo Evolution of an Injectable and Thermosensitive Hydrogel Using Tri‐Modal Bioimaging
Authors: Chen Xiaobin , Zhang Jiulong , Wu Kaiting , Wu Xiaohui , Tang Jingyu , Cui Shuquan , Cao Dinglingge , Liu Ruili , Peng Chen , Yu Lin , Ding Jiandong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDegradability of biomaterials brings many opportunities as well as great challenges to their clinical applications. However, reports of systematic in vivo biodegradation are rather limited due to lack of adequate methodology for real‐time observations. Herein, a tri‐modal bioimaging technique is developed, enabling real time monitoring of biodegradation of synthetic polymers in vivo. The demonstrated material is a successful preclinical poly(lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid) thermosensitive hydrogel that undergoes a spontaneous sol–gel transition upon heating. A macromolecular fluorescence probe and a contrast agent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are designed and synthesized. After subcutaneous injection of the hydrogel containing the two probes into mice, the degradation behaviors of the material are longitudinally and noninvasively tracked via the collaborative application of ultrasound, fluorescence, and MRI. Integrating the noninvasive imaging with the traditional anatomic observations, a three‐stage degradation mechanism of such a hydrogel is proposed for the first time. Also, the dissolved polymers and degradation products in the body are mainly eliminated via liver, gallbladder, and spleen. This work has great value for promoting the future clinical application of these kind of promising hydrogels. Meanwhile, this technological platform provides beneficial inspiration and methodology to investigate in vivo fate of biomaterials.
Thence the moment of momentum
Authors: Müller Wolfgang H. , Rickert Wilhelm , Vilchevskaya Elena N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFifty years have passed since Truesdell's seminal paper on the origin and status of the balance for the moment of momentum was published in ZAMM. It is time to take stock: Important new developments in the theory of generalized continua with internal degrees of freedom and some fascinating fundamental applications need to be pointed out. Is there new evidence from classical papers regarding its independence from the balance of linear momentum? Can micropolar theory be used to “explain” electromagnetism? How is the conservation of the moment of momentum viewed in today's physics textbooks? In this paper an attempt is made to answer these and many more interesting questions.
Evidence-Based PET for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Treglia Giorgio , Muoio Barbara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNuclear medicine techniques are non-invasive tools that can early detect pathophysiological changes in affected tissues in patients with inflammatory or infectious diseases. These changes usually occur before clinical onset of symptoms and before the development of anatomical changes detected by radiological techniques [1, 2]. Currently, hybrid imaging techniques as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) may provide functional and morphological information for early diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory diseases [1, 2].
Information recovery from pure state geometries in 3D
Authors: Hulík Ondřej , Raeymaekers Joris , Vasilakis Orestis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

It is a well-studied phenomenon in AdS3/CFT2 that pure states often appear ‘too thermal’ in the classical gravity limit, leading to a version of the information puzzle. One example is the case of a heavy scalar primary state, whose associated classical geometry is the BTZ black hole. Another example is provided by a heavy left-moving primary, which displays late time decay in chiral correlators.
In this paper we study a special class of pure state geometries which do not display such information loss. They describe heavy CFT states created by a collection of chiral operators at various positions on the complex plane. In the bulk, these take the form of multi-centered solutions from the backreaction of a collection of spinning particles, which we construct for circular distributions of particles. We compute the two-point function of probe operators in these backgrounds and show that information is retrieved.
We observe that the states for which our geometric picture is reliable are highly extended star-like objects in the bulk description. This may point to limitations of semiclassical microstate geometries for understanding the information puzzle and to the need for including quantum effects.
Synthesis and structure confirmation of 2,4-disubstituted thiazole and 2,3,4-trisubstituted thiazole as thiazolium bromide salts
Authors: Hassan Alaa A. , Mohamed Nasr K. , Aly Ashraf A. , Tawfeek Hendawy N. , Bräse Stefan , Nieger Martin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The synthesis of 4-substituted 2-(2-arylhydrazinyl)thiazol-3-ium bromides and 4-aryl-2-(substituted amino)-3-(phenylamino)thiazol-3-ium bromide derivatives in high yields from the interaction of mono- and di-substituted thiosemicarbazides with phenacyl bromide derivatives is reported. The synthesized products have been elucidated using various spectroscopic tools such as IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Also the structure of three of the obtained compounds have been confirmed using X-ray crystallographic analyses, which showed that compounds 2-[2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinyl]-4-phenylthiazol-3-ium bromide and 4-phenyl-2,3-bis(phenylamino)thiazol-3-ium bromide crystals have a monoclinic shape and belonged to space group P21/c, whereas the crystals of 4-phenyl-2-(2-tosylhydrazinyl)thiazol-3-ium bromide show an orthorhombic shape with the space group Pbca

Graphic abstract
Reinforcement learning for robotic assembly of fuel cell turbocharger parts with tight tolerances
Authors: Aschersleben Franziska , Griemert Rudolf , Gabriel Felix , Dröder Klaus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe efficiency of a fuel cell is not only dependent on the stack, but also to a large extent on the turbocharger, which is responsible for providing the required airflow. Since the individual components, especially those of the rotor, are subject to high demands on manufacturing accuracy, it is crucial to ensure a precise and robust assembly. In order to achieve a scalable assembly process, this paper presents a method for a robot-based assembly of the rotationally symmetric components of the rotor. The assembly task has been reduced to the two essential problems: search and insertion. On this basis, a system was developed, which is able to learn the joining process independently and compensate for positioning inaccuracies with the help of reinforcement learning in combination with a position-controlled robot. The applied reinforcement learning strategy is based on the measurement data of a 6-axis force/torque sensor, with which the current contact state can be evaluated and a decision for the next step can be made. The experimental verification shows that an automation of the assembly process is possible with the proposed strategy. The robot is able to perform the search operation successfully, whereas limitations to the achievable accuracies of the insertion process could be found.
A Note on the Evolution of the Whitney Sphere Along Mean Curvature Flow
Authors: Viana Celso 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study the evolution of the Whitney sphere along the Lagrangian mean curvature flow. We show that equivariant Lagrangian spheres in $${{\mathbb {C}}^n}$$

C

n

satisfying mild geometric assumptions collapse to a point in finite time and the tangent flows converge to a Lagrangian plane with multiplicity two.
Evaluation of satellite precipitation products using HEC-HMS model
Authors: Belayneh Alemshet , Sintayehu Gashaw , Gedam Kibrit , Muluken Tirunesh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccurate measurement of precipitation is vital to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation at various scales for rainfall-runoff modeling. However, accurate and consistent precipitation measurement is relatively sparse in many developing countries like Ethiopia. Nevertheless, satellite precipitation products may serve as important inputs for modeling in an area with scarce field data for a wide range of hydrological applications. In this study we evaluate the high-resolution satellite rainfall products for hydrological simulation, the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA_3B42v7) satellite rainfall products for stream flow simulation at daily temporal and 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution. The study area is located in Dabus watershed, Abbay basin, Ethiopia. We applied a nonlinear power law to remove the systematic error of satellite precipitation estimates for input into HEC-HMS hydrological model for runoff generation. The performance of the satellite rainfall and hydrological model was evaluated using Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (ENS), coefficient of determination (R2), relative volume error (RVE), and percentage error of peak flow objective functions. The result of HEC-HMS model performance revealed R2 of 0.78, ENS of 0.69 for CHIRPS_2 and R2 of 0.79, ENS of 0.76 for TMPA_3B42v7 satellite rainfall products during calibration periods. Our result indicated that the HEC-HMS model well predicated catchment runoff for both satellite precipitation products. The study shows that the model performance was significantly improved when bias-corrected satellite rainfall input replaced than the original uncorrected satellite products. Overall, our study showed that gauge-based simulation outperformed than satellite in terms of all objective functions over the study area.
Recent advances in stimuli-responsive drug release and targeting concepts using mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Authors: Abdo Ghada G. , Zagho Moustafa M. , Khalil Ashraf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBeing a developed and promising approach, nanotechnology has attracted a lot of attention in biomedical and pharmaceutical therapy applications. Among nanostructured materials, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are effectively used as nanocarriers for drug delivery systems. MSNs can be tailored-designed by different synthetic techniques. Their morphological characteristics dictate the type of application of such materials. Recently, polymer-based materials have been employed to functionalize the MSNs surface. These modified nanocarriers are loaded with the drug and can unload their “cargo” upon exposure to either endogenous or exogenous types of stimuli. In this study, different targeting concepts, including passive, active, vascular, nuclear, and multistage targeting, are discussed.
Efficacy of Imbalanced Data Handling Methods on Deep Learning for Smart Homes Environments
Authors: Hamad Rebeen Ali , Kimura Masashi , Lundström Jens 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHuman activity recognition as an engineering tool as well as an active research field has become fundamental to many applications in various fields such as health care, smart home monitoring and surveillance. However, delivering sufficiently robust activity recognition systems from sensor data recorded in a smart home setting is a challenging task. Moreover, human activity datasets are typically highly imbalanced because generally certain activities occur more frequently than others. Consequently, it is challenging to train classifiers from imbalanced human activity datasets. Deep learning algorithms perform well on balanced datasets, yet their performance cannot be promised on imbalanced datasets. Therefore, we aim to address the problem of class imbalance in deep learning for smart home data. We assess it with Activities of Daily Living recognition using binary sensors dataset. This paper proposes a data level perspective combined with a temporal window technique to handle imbalanced human activities from smart homes in order to make the learning algorithms more sensitive to the minority class. The experimental results indicate that handling imbalanced human activities from the data-level outperforms algorithms level and improved the classification performance.
A manifesto for increasing access to data in engineering
Authors: Dodds Leigh , L’Hénaff Pauline , Maddison James , Yates Deborah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces a set of principles that articulate a shared vision for increasing access to data in the engineering and related sectors. The principles are intended to help guide progress toward a data ecosystem that provides sustainable access to data, in ways that will help a variety of stakeholders in maximizing its value while mitigating potential harms. In addition to being a manifesto for change, the principles can also be viewed as a means for understanding the alignment, overlaps and gaps between a range of existing research programs, policy initiatives, and related work on data governance and sharing. After providing background on the growing data economy and relevant recent policy initiatives in the United Kingdom and European Union, we then introduce the nine key principles of the manifesto. For each principle, we provide some additional rationale and links to related work. We invite feedback on the manifesto and endorsements from a range of stakeholders.
THE COMPLEXITY OF HOMEOMORPHISM RELATIONS ON SOME CLASSES OF COMPACTA
Authors: KRUPSKI PAWEŁ , VEJNAR BENJAMIN 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe prove that the homeomorphism relation between compact spaces can be continuously reduced to the homeomorphism equivalence relation between absolute retracts, which strengthens and simplifies recent results of Chang and Gao, and Cieśla. It follows then that the homeomorphism relation of absolute retracts is Borel bireducible with the universal orbit equivalence relation. We also prove that the homeomorphism relation between regular continua is classifiable by countable structures and hence it is Borel bireducible with the universal orbit equivalence relation of the permutation group on a countable set. On the other hand we prove that the homeomorphism relation between rim-finite metrizable compacta is not classifiable by countable structures.
Time Signatures: The Temporality of Monuments in Early and Middle Neolithic Britain
Authors: Bradley Richard 
Published: June 2020

Analysis of radiocarbon dates has established the chronological contexts of three kinds of Neolithic monument in Britain: long mounds or long cairns, causewayed enclosures, and cursuses. It is more difficult to appreciate how such structures developed over time. The building of a barrow or cairn was sometimes the final act in a place that had already experienced a longer history. The construction of the monument brought activities to an end, and the site was effectively closed. Individual sequences were shorter than once thought but might be repeated at different locations over several hundred years.On the other hand, the construction of causewayed enclosures according to a widely accepted template occurred almost simultaneously. Once those earthworks were established some went out of use, but a few others were adapted and changed so that they could play an increasing variety of roles over a longer period. The same contrasts are illustrated by cursuses. Timber structures in the north had finite histories before they decayed or were destroyed by fire, whilst earthworks had a wider distribution and enjoyed a longer currency. A similar approach might shed light on later monuments, including henges, stone circles, and round barrows. It is important to consider how the chronologies of all these structures are related to past conceptions of time.
Disentangling the Impact of Civil Association Membership on Political Participation: Evidence from Swedish Panel Data
Authors: Aggeborn Linuz , Lajevardi Nazita , Nyman Pär 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhat is the effect of membership in civil associations on political participation? Membership has been linked to providing social capital and personal networks, which in turn help citizens more easily navigate politics. Yet this link is empirically complex, since politically interested individuals self-select into networks and associations. This research note addresses the impact of membership on different forms of political participation using a panel survey from Sweden that distinguishes between passive and active membership in various types of associations. The baseline results reaffirm a strong association between membership and political participation. The survey's panel dimension is exploited to reveal that earlier scholarship has likely overstated the robustness of membership's participatory effects. Rather, the remaining impact of association membership in the panel specification is mainly driven by types of associations for which the highest degree of selection behaviour is expected.
‘I shall miss the company’: participants’ reflections on time-limited day centre programming
Authors: Hagan Robert J. , Manktelow Roger 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe social needs of frail or isolated older people are sometimes aided by referrals to day centres in the United Kingdom. Since the late 1940s, day centres have had a role to play promoting socialisation in later life. Additionally, attendance at day centres is often open ended, with participants only leaving due to moving to a nursing home or dying. In this study, the views of those attending time-limited day centre programmes in seven day centres in Northern Ireland have been sought in relation to their thoughts about the service as well as how they feel when it ends. Seventeen participants completed diaries for the programme duration and/or engaged in an interview process. Participants reflected on the social and educational benefits of attending but also recognised impositions in the centres that impinged upon individual choices and also the length of time they could remain. This study reveals that, in order to maintain socialisation, time-limited programmes must have clear follow-on strategies for participants. Additionally, respondents’ experiences reflect that a paternalistic model of care delivery remains in place that, whilst restrictive, reveals that access to the service is more specialised and not universal. Nevertheless, should day centres wish to remain relevant, it is important that service users are fully consulted about their desires and choices within the setting.
Quality of economic evaluations of ventricular assist devices: A systematic review
Authors: Fontenay Sarah , Catarino Lionel , Snoussi Soumeya , van den Brink Hélène , Pineau Judith , Prognon Patrice , Martelli Nicolas 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveBecause of a lack of suitable heart donors, alternatives to transplantation are required. These alternatives can have high costs. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of cost-effectiveness studies of ventricular assist devices (VADs) and to assess the level of evidence of relevant studies. The purpose was not to present economic findings.MethodsA systematic review was performed using four electronic databases to identify health economic evaluation studies dealing with VADs. The methodological quality and reporting quality of the studies was assessed using three different tools, the Drummond, Cooper, and CHEERS (Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards) checklists.ResultsOf the 1,258 publications identified, thirteen articles were included in this review. Twelve studies were cost–utility analyses and one was a cost-effectiveness analysis. According to the Cooper hierarchy scale, the quality of the data used was heterogeneous. The level of evidence used for clinical effect sizes, safety data, and baseline clinical data was of poor quality. In contrast, cost data were of high quality in most studies. Quality of reporting varied between studies, with an average score of 17.4 (range 15–19) according to the CHEERS checklist.ConclusionThe current study shows that the quality of clinical data used in economic evaluations of VADs is rather poor in general. This is a concern that deserves greater attention in the process of health technology assessment of medical devices.
Ultrastructure of Bronchiolo-Alveolar Carcinoma Favoring a Bronchiolar Origin
Authors: Smith Marilyn N. , Greenberg S. Donald , Spjut Harlan J. 
Published: June 2020

Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma is a well differentiated adenocarcinoma originating in the periphery of the lung. Tumor epithelium is supported principally by the stroma of the alveolar walls.The cell of origin remains in doubt. The tumor has been called alveolar cell carcinoma suggesting an origin from the alveolar epithelial lining. Cells resembling Type II granular pneumocytes of the alveolar wall have been shown to be the cell forming lung tumors in animals and four reports of EM studies in human tumors implicated the same cell. An EM study of eleven cases by Kuhn shows a bronchiolar origin and casts doubt that the granular pneumocytes are the neoplastic cells. We have studied five cases with EM and have observed what we believe is convincing evidence that these tumors are bronchiolar in origin.
Intravascular Degranulation of Neutrophils in Dog Lungs Secondary to Experimental Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Bockman Dale E. , Schiller William R. , Suriyapa Chinda , Mutchler John H. W. , Anderson Marion C. 
Published: June 2020

Previous work from this laboratory has shown the fine structural changes which occur in the pancreas during the early stages of experimental pancreatitis induced by retrograde injection of purified pancreatic enzymes. Local inflammatory processes in the pancreas include invasion of parenchyma by neutrophils and eosinophils, edema, intravascular clotting, hemorrhage, and exit of fluid and cellular debris through lymphatic vessels.Many secondary complications may follow pancreatitis. The most common secondary complication is pulmonary involvement, including pleural effusion of fluid containing high levels of amylase and lipase, and pneumonitis. The present study concentrates on the fine structure of the lung in dogs with experimental pancreatitis in an attempt to determine what factors might contribute to secondary pulmonary involvement.
Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Follicle in the Human Ovary
Authors: Baccarini I. M. 
Published: June 2020

Several ultrastructural studies demonstrated that the granulosa cells changed the structure since their differentiation, maturation and degeneration. However, little is known about the organization of the granulosa cells in the follicle for instance, the connection between the cells and cellular interchanges.Fragments of ovary obtained from the surgery room were fixed in 3% buffered glutaraldehyde for scanning microscope and post-fixed in 1% buffered osmium tetroxide for electron microscopic studies.
Human Red Cell Studies Using Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Hainfeld J. , Isaacson M. 
Published: June 2020

Membrane models for the human erthrocyte have been proposed as a result of chemical studies and some conventional electron microscope work. However, the distribution of specific membrane components (proteins, phospholipids, chloresterol and carbohydrates) is not completely known.We have therefore undertaken a program to determine the potential usefulness of high resolution scanning microscopy in obtaining information concerning the molecular architecture of membranes.