bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of concentrated growth factors on frequency of alveolar Osteitis following partially-erupted mandibular third molar surgery: a randomized controlled clinical study
Authors: Özveri Koyuncu Banu , Işık Gözde , Özden Yüce Meltem , Günbay Sevtap , Günbay Tayfun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this prospective study was to assess the effectiveness of concentrated growth factors (CGF) in preventing the development of alveolar osteitis (AO) after the extraction of partially-erupted mandibular third molars.

Methods
Seventy patients (26 men and 44 women) 18 years or older (mean age 25.86; range 18–35) underwent 140 third molar extractions. All the patients presented with bilateral, partially-erupted mandibular third molars and underwent surgical extractions. In each case, one socket received CGF and the other served as a control. The predictor variable was the CGF application and the sides were categorized as ‘CGF’ and ‘non-CGF’. The outcome variable was the development of AO during the first postoperative week. Other study variables included age and gender. Data were analyzed using Cochran’s Q test with the significance level set at a P value less than 0.05.

Results
The overall frequency of AO was 11.4% for the control group. The frequency of AO in the CGF group was significantly lower than in the non-CGF group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Based on the results of this study, application of CGF fibrin gel may decrease the risk of AO development after mandibular third molar surgery.

Trial registration
This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov database on November 1, 2019 (ID: NCT04151147, retrospectively registered).
Theoretically designed interventions for colorectal cancer prevention: a case of the health belief model
Authors: Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Maghsoudloo Maryam , Safari-Moradabadi Ali , Ghaffari Mohtasham 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
According to the WHO, most chronic diseases, including cancer, can be prevented by identifying their risk factors such as unhealthy diet, smoking and physical inactivity. This research examined the effectiveness of a theory-based educational intervention on colorectal cancer-related preventive nutritional behaviors among a sample of organizational staff.

Methods
In this interventional study, 110 employees of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control) with cluster sampling. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing two parts of 10-dimensional information and health belief model constructs. The educational intervention was conducted for 1 month and in four sessions in the form of classroom lecture, pamphlet, educational text messages via mobile phones and educational pamphlets through the office automation system. Two groups were evaluated in two stages, pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 software, analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and independent t-test (intergroup comparisons).

Results
Two groups were evaluated for variables such as age, sex, education level and family history of colorectal cancer, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). After the 2 months since intervention, except for the mean score of perceived barriers, which was not significant after intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy, behavioral intention, and preventive behaviors were significantly increased after the intervention in the intervention group compared to the control group (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Implementation of educational intervention based on health belief model was effective for the personnel, and can enhance the preventative nutritional behaviors related to colorectal cancer.
Referrals to a pediatric emergency department of a tertiary care teaching hospital before and after introduction of a referral education module - a quality improvement study
Authors: Ezhumalai Gopalakrishnan , Jayashree Muralidharan , Nallasamy Karthi , Bansal Arun , Bharti Bhavneet 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Provision of timely care to critically ill children is essential for good outcome. Referral from smaller peripheral hospitals to higher centers for intensive care is common. However, lack of an organized referral and feedback system compromises optimal care. We studied the quality of referral letters coming to our Emergency Department (ED) with respect to their demography, association with severity of illness and mortality before and after referral education.

Methods
Our study was completed in three phases in the Pediatric ED; Pre-intervention, Intervention and Post intervention phases. Quality of referral letter was matched with a quality checklist proforma and graded as ‘good’, ‘fair’ and ‘poor’ if it scored > 7, 5–7 and < 5 points respectively. A peer reviewed referral education module was prepared using case studies, expert opinions, and lacunae observed in the first phase and administered to health care providers (HCP’s) of referring hospitals. Quality of referral letter was compared between pre and post intervention phases.

Results
Most referrals belonged to the neighboring states of Punjab (48.2%) and Haryana (22.4%). Major referring hospitals were from public sector (80.9%), of which the teaching hospitals topped the list (53.6%). Government run ambulance services (85.5%) was commonest mode of transport used and need for a PICU bed and/or mechanical ventilation (50.4%) was the commonest reason for referral. The post intervention phase saw a significant decline in the proportion of poor (93.2 vs.78.2%; p = 0.001) and a significant increase in the proportion of fair (6.1 vs 18%; p = 0.001) and good referral letters (0.7 vs 18%; p = 0.001). The proportion of children with physiological decompensation at triage had reduced significantly in the post intervention phase [513 out of 1403 (36.5%) vs. 310 out of 957 (32.3%); p = 0.001].

Conclusion
Referral education had significantly improved the quality of referral letters. Proportion of children with physiological decompensation at triage had decreased significantly after referral module. This change suggests sensitization of the peripheral hospitals towards a better referral process. Continued multifaceted approach will be required for sustained and increased benefits.
Epigenetic tuning of brain signal entropy in emergent human social behavior
Authors: Puglia Meghan H. , Krol Kathleen M. , Missana Manuela , Williams Cabell L. , Lillard Travis S. , Morris James P. , Connelly Jessica J. , Grossmann Tobias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHow the brain develops accurate models of the external world and generates appropriate behavioral responses is a vital question of widespread multidisciplinary interest. It is increasingly understood that brain signal variability—posited to enhance perception, facilitate flexible cognitive representations, and improve behavioral outcomes—plays an important role in neural and cognitive development. The ability to perceive, interpret, and respond to complex and dynamic social information is particularly critical for the development of adaptive learning and behavior. Social perception relies on oxytocin-regulated neural networks that emerge early in development.MethodsWe tested the hypothesis that individual differences in the endogenous oxytocinergic system early in life may influence social behavioral outcomes by regulating variability in brain signaling during social perception. In study 1, 55 infants provided a saliva sample at 5 months of age for analysis of individual differences in the oxytocinergic system and underwent electroencephalography (EEG) while listening to human vocalizations at 8 months of age for the assessment of brain signal variability. Infant behavior was assessed via parental report. In study 2, 60 infants provided a saliva sample and underwent EEG while viewing faces and objects and listening to human speech and water sounds at 4 months of age. Infant behavior was assessed via parental report and eye tracking.ResultsWe show in two independent infant samples that increased brain signal entropy during social perception is in part explained by an epigenetic modification to the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and accounts for significant individual differences in social behavior in the first year of life. These results are measure-, context-, and modality-specific: entropy, not standard deviation, linksOXTRmethylation and infant behavior; entropy evoked during social perception specifically explains social behavior only; and only entropy evoked during social auditory perception predicts infant vocalization behavior.ConclusionsDemonstrating these associations in infancy is critical for elucidating the neurobiological mechanisms accounting for individual differences in cognition and behavior relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders. Our results suggest that an epigenetic modification to the oxytocin receptor gene and brain signal entropy are useful indicators of social development and may hold potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value.
Non-invasive sampling in Itatiaia National Park, Brazil: wild mammal parasite detection
Authors: Dib Laís Verdan , Palmer João Pedro Siqueira , de Souza Carvalho Class Camila , Pinheiro Jessica Lima , Ramos Raissa Cristina Ferreira , dos Santos Claudijane Ramos , Fonseca Ana Beatriz Monteiro , Rodríguez-Castro Karen Gisele , Gonçalves Camila Francisco , Galetti Pedro Manoel , Bastos Otilio Machado Pereira , Uchôa Claudia Maria Antunes , Corrêa Laís Lisboa , Bastos Augusto Cezar Machado Pereira , Amendoeira Maria Regina Reis , da Silva Barbosa Alynne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon-invasive sampling through faecal collection is one of the most cost-effective alternatives for monitoring of free-living wild mammals, as it provides information on animal taxonomy as well as the dynamics of the gastrointestinal parasites that potentially infect these animals. In this context, this study aimed to perform an epidemiological survey of gastrointestinal parasites using non-invasive faecal samples from carnivores and artiodactyls identified by stool macroscopy, guard hair morphology and DNA sequencing in Itatiaia National Park. Between 2017 and 2018, faeces from carnivores and artiodactyls were collected along trails in the park. The host species were identified through macroscopic and trichological examinations and molecular biology. To investigate the parasites, the Faust, Lutz and modified Ritchie and Sheather techniques and enzyme immunoassays to detectCryptosporidiumsp. antigens were used.ResultsA total of 244 stool samples were collected. The species identified wereChrysocyon brachyurus,Leopardus guttulus,Canis familiaris,Cerdocyon thous,Puma yagouaroundi,Leopardus pardalis,Puma concolorandSus scrofa. There were 81.1% samples that were positive for parasites distributed mainly in the high part of the park. Helminths, especially eggs of the family Ascarididae, were more frequently detected in carnivore faeces (70.9%). Protozoa, especiallyCryptosporidiumsp., represented the highest frequency of infection in artiodactyl faeces (87.1%). This zoonotic protozoon was detected in eight mammalian species, including in a wild boar. High values of structural richness and Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were observed for the parasites, especially in the faeces ofC. brachyurus. Significant differences in parasite diversity were observed between wild and domestic animals, such asC. brachyurusandC. familiaris, respectively, and between taxonomically distant species, such asC. brachyurusandS. scrofa. The highest values for parasite similarity were found among the species that frequented similar areas of the park, such asC. brachyurusandL. guttulus.ConclusionsThe animals and parasite infections were identified through the combination of three techniques. High frequency parasite structures were diagnosed. Zoonotic protozoa were found and mainly occurred in samples from introduced species.
Amino acid-dependent control of mTORC1 signaling: a variety of regulatory modes
Authors: Takahara Terunao , Amemiya Yuna , Sugiyama Risa , Maki Masatoshi , Shibata Hideki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an essential regulator of cell growth and metabolism through the modulation of protein and lipid synthesis, lysosome biogenesis, and autophagy. The activity of mTORC1 is dynamically regulated by several environmental cues, including amino acid availability, growth factors, energy levels, and stresses, to coordinate cellular status with environmental conditions. Dysregulation of mTORC1 activity is closely associated with various diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. The discovery of Rag GTPases has greatly expanded our understanding of the regulation of mTORC1 activity by amino acids, especially leucine and arginine. In addition to Rag GTPases, other factors that also contribute to the modulation of mTORC1 activity have been identified. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of regulation of mTORC1 activity by particular amino acids.
Pericardial fat and its influence on cardiac diastolic function
Authors: de Wit-Verheggen Vera H. W. , Altintas Sibel , Spee Romy J. M. , Mihl Casper , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Wildberger Joachim E. , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera B. , Kietselaer Bas L. J. H. , van de Weijer Tineke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Pericardial fat (PF) has been suggested to directly act on cardiomyocytes, leading to diastolic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a higher PF volume is associated with a lower diastolic function in healthy subjects.

Methods
254 adults (40–70 years, BMI 18–35 kg/m2, normal left ventricular ejection fraction), with (a)typical chest pain (otherwise healthy) from the cardiology outpatient clinic were retrospectively included in this study. All patients underwent a coronary computed tomographic angiography for the measurement of pericardial fat volume, as well as a transthoracic echocardiography for the assessment of diastolic function parameters. To assess the independent association of PF and diastolic function parameters, multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. To maximize differences in PF volume, the group was divided in low (lowest quartile of both sexes) and high (highest quartile of both sexes) PF volume. Multivariable binary logistic analysis was used to study the associations within the groups between PF and diastolic function, adjusted for age, BMI, and sex.

Results
Significant associations for all four diastolic parameters with the PF volume were found after adjusting for BMI, age, and sex. In addition, subjects with high pericardial fat had a reduced left atrial volume index (p = 0.02), lower E/e (p < 0.01) and E/A (p = 0.01), reduced e′ lateral (p < 0.01), reduced e′ septal p = 0.03), compared to subjects with low pericardial fat.

Conclusion
These findings confirm that pericardial fat volume, even in healthy subjects with normal cardiac function, is associated with diastolic function. Our results suggest that the mechanical effects of PF may limit the distensibility of the heart and thereby directly contribute to diastolic dysfunction.
Trial registration NCT01671930
High-intensity interval training and health-related quality of life in de novo heart transplant recipients – results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rolid Katrine , Andreassen Arne K. , Yardley Marianne , Gude Einar , Bjørkelund Elisabeth , Authen Anne R. , Grov Ingelin , Pettersen Kjell I. , Dall Christian H. , Karason Kristjan , Broch Kaspar , Gullestad Lars , Nytrøen Kari 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Studies on the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIT) compared with moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after heart transplantation (HTx) is scarce. No available studies among de novo HTx recipients exists. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HIT vs. MICT on HRQoL in de novo recipients.

Methods
The HITTS study randomized eighty-one de novo HTx recipients to receive either HIT or MICT (1:1). The HIT intervention were performed with 2–4 interval bouts with an intensity of 85–95% of maximal effort. The MICT group exercised at an intensity of 60–80% of their maximal effort with a duration of 25 min. HRQoL was assessed by the Short Form-36 version 2 (SF-36v2) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, mean 11 weeks after surgery and after a nine months’ intervention. The participants recorded their subjective effect of the interventions on their general health and well-being on a numeric visual analogue scale. Clinical examinations and physical tests were performed. Differences between groups were investigated with independent Student t-tests and with Mann-Whitney U tests where appropriate. Within-group differences were analyzed with Paired-Sample t-tests and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests. Correlations between SF-36 scores and VO2peak were examined with Pearson’s correlations.

Results
Seventy-eight participants completed the intervention. Both exercise modes were associated with improved exercise capacity on the physical function scores of HRQoL. Mental health scores remained unchanged. No differences in the change in HRQoL between the groups occurred except for Role Emotional subscale with a larger increase in the HIT arm. Better self-reported physical function was associated with higher VO2peak and muscle strength.

Conclusion
HIT and MICT resulted in similar mean changes in HRQoL the first year after HTx. Both groups experienced significant improvements in the physical SF-36v2.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01796379 Registered 18 February 2013.
Cowden syndrome is a risk factor for multiple neoplasm: a case report
Authors: Miguelote Sofia , Silva Roberto , Fougo J. L. , Barbosa L. E. , Araújo Teixeira J. P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Cowden’s syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease with variable penetrance, involving the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tension homolog gene, located on chromosome 10q22-23, responsible for cell proliferation, migration, and cellular apoptosis. Its clinical presentation encompasses mucocutaneous lesions, which are present around 99% of the time; macrocephaly; and cognitive impairment, and it precedes the appearance of neoplasms such as thyroid carcinoma, breast cancer, among others.
In addition to these malformations, arteriovenous malformations of the brain and spine, endocrine abnormalities, skeletal defects, and cardiopulmonary lesions may also be found.
The relevance of the case is due to the fact that, through a certain phenotype, the patient’s genotype can be inferred and thus followed up closely.

Case representation
The clinical case concerns a 28-year-old Caucasian and Portuguese woman with palmar pits, macrocephaly, and cognitive impairment. She was diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma at 22 years of age and proposed total thyroidectomy.
At age 27, a pregnancy was diagnosed with a Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System 2-rated breast lump. After the histological verification, it was concluded that it was a high metastatic breast sarcoma, opting for palliative mastectomy. A genetic evaluation confirmed alteration in the phosphatase and tension homolog gene, confirming Cowden’s syndrome. The patient died at age 29 due to neoplastic pathology.

Conclusion
This report aims to alert to the clinical signs of this entity and the clinical supervision and follow-up of these patients. In order to prevent premature deaths and to improve patient’s quality of life, genetic diseases with cancer impact should be diagnosed as early as possible.
Effects of the KEIGAAF intervention on the BMI z-score and energy balance-related behaviors of primary school-aged children
Authors: Verjans-Janssen Sacha R. B. , Gerards Sanne M. P. L. , Kremers Stef P. J. , Vos Steven B. , Jansen Maria W. J. , Van Kann Dave H. H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the one- and two-year effectiveness of the KEIGAAF intervention, a school-based mutual adaptation intervention, on the BMI z-score (primary outcome), and energy balance-related behaviors (secondary outcomes) of children aged 7–10 years.A quasi-experimental study was conducted including eight intervention schools and three control schools located in low socioeconomic neighborhoods in the Netherlands. Baseline measurements were conducted in March and April 2017 and repeated after one and 2 years. Data were collected on children’s BMI z-score, sedentary behavior (SB), physical activity (PA) behavior, and nutrition behavior through the use of anthropometric measurements, accelerometers, and questionnaires, respectively. All data were supplemented with demographics, and weather conditions data was added to the PA data. Based on the comprehensiveness of implemented physical activities, intervention schools were divided into schools having a comprehensive PA approach and schools having a less comprehensive approach. Intervention effects on continuous outcomes were analyzed using multiple linear mixed models and on binary outcome measures using generalized estimating equations. Intervention and control schools were compared, as well as comprehensive PA schools, less comprehensive PA schools, and control schools. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were calculated.In total, 523 children participated. Children were on average 8.5 years old and 54% were girls. After 2 years, intervention children’s BMI z-score decreased (B = -0.05, 95% CI -0.11;0.01) significantly compared to the control group (B = 0.20, 95% CI 0.09;0.31). Additionally, the intervention prevented an age-related decline in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (%MVPA: B = 0.95, 95% CI 0.13;1.76). Negative intervention effects were seen on sugar-sweetened beverages and water consumption at school, due to larger favorable changes in the control group compared to the intervention group. After 2 years, the comprehensive PA schools showed more favorable effects on BMI z-score, SB, and MVPA compared to the other two conditions.This study shows that the KEIGAAF intervention is effective in improving children’s MVPA during school days and BMI z-score, especially in vulnerable children. Additionally, we advocate the implementation of a comprehensive approach to promote a healthy weight status, to stimulate children’s PA levels, and to prevent children from spending excessive time on sedentary behaviors.Trial registrationNetherlands Trial Register, NTR6716 (NL6528), Registered 27 June 2017 – retrospectively registered.