bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the implementation of the Community for Successful Ageing (ComSA)program in Singapore: lessons learnt on program delivery for improving BioPsychoSocial health
Authors: Aw Su , Koh Gerald C. H. , Tan Chuen Seng , Wong Mee Lian , Vrijhoef Hubertus J. M. , Harding Susana Concordo , Geronimo Mary Ann B. , Hildon Zoe J. L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Community for Successful Ageing (ComSA) program has implemented overlapping BioPsychoSocial (BPS) components as part of a Community Development (CD) grassroots and volunteer-led initiative. Implementation of such multi-component programming is influenced by known program characteristics includingnovelty,complexityandobservabilityas well as related organizational factors. As such, we explored ComSA CD’s implementation from the organizational perspective, seeking to inform program improvements.MethodsWe conducted four focus groups with program staff, partners and trainers (totalN = 21 participants). Findings were analysed using an interpretative approach and synthesized into a line of argument informing lessons learnt.ResultsAn implementation framework was identified. It is guided by considering the influence of known program characteristics acrossmajor themes, representing three core implementation stages. These andsupporting sub-themesare elaborated in turn:Creating commitment toward the programwas challenged by novelty and at times a lack of shared understanding of ComSA CD, particularly relating to the S component. Overall,cohesion within organizational contextsand having astrong rapport with the community(ability to engage) were needed to persuade volunteers and participants to commit to the program.Coordination and resource allocationwere influenced by the complexity of interconnecting BPS components - requiringaligning communication between partners and adapting the BPS sequence,giventhe separated management structureof program trainers. Efficiency of resource utilization was constrained by the ability to pool and match resources given thelimited manpowerand community partners who worked-in-silo due to aKPI-centric culture.Collaborative program monitoring and appraisalincreased observability of the program’s benefits, but depended on partners’ prior commitment. Despite appreciating its holistic BPS programming,dropout rate was used as a way to gauge program success,which has limited interpretability. Occasional uncertainty about the program value contributed to concerns aboutduplicating existing ageing programs,particularly those related to the B component.ConclusionLessons learnt for improving BPS programming include (1) eliciting better participants’ buy-in and shared program vision, (2) increasing adaptability of BPS sequence and building a culture of shared values for working together (3) and developing comprehensive monitoring systems for program appraisal.
Accessing the discriminatory performance of FRAIL-NH in two-class and three-class frailty and examining its agreement with the frailty index among nursing home residents in mainland China
Authors: Ge Feng , Liu Weiwei , Liu Minhui , Tang Siyuan , Lu Yongjin , Hou Tianxue 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
FRAIL-NH has been commonly used to assess frailty in nursing home residents and validated in many ethnic populations; however, it has not been validated in mainland China, where such an assessment tool is lacking. This study aimed to (1) assess the discriminatory performance of FRAIL-NH in two-class frailty (non-frail+ pre-frail vs. frail) and three-class frailty (non-frail vs. pre-frail vs. frail), based on the Frailty Index (FI), (2) determine the appropriate cutoff points for FRAIL-NH that distinguish two-class and three-class frailty, and (3) examine the agreement in classification between FRAIL-NH and FI.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of 302 residents aged 60 years or older from six nursing homes in Changsha was conducted. The FRAIL-NH scale and 34-item FI were used to measure frailty. Two-way and three-way receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to estimate the performance of FRAIL-NH. Cohen’s Kappa statistics were used to examine the agreement between these two measures.

Results
The agreement between FRAIL-NH and FI ranged from 0.33 to 0.55. Regardless of what FI cutoff points were based on, the volume under the ROC surface (VUS) for FRAIL-NH from the three-way ROC were higher than the VUS of a useless test (1/6), and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for FRAIL-NH from the two-way ROC were higher than the clinically meaningless value (0.5). When using FI cutoff points of 0.20 for pre-frail and 0.45 for frail, FRAIL-NH cutoff points of 1 and 9 in classifying three-class frailty had the highest VUS and the largest correct classification rates. Whichever FI was chosen, the performance of FRAIL-NH in distinguishing between pre-frailty and frailty, and between non-frailty and pre-frailty was equivalent. According to FRAIL-NH, the proportion of individuals with frailty misclassified as pre-frailty was higher than that of individuals with non-frailty misclassified as pre-frailty.

Conclusion
FRAIL-NH can be used as a preliminary frailty screening tool in nursing homes in mainland China. FI should be further used especially for those classified as pre-frailty by FRAIL-NH. It is not advisable to simply combine adjacent two classes of FRAIL-NH to create a new frailty variable in research settings.
Interactions between subjective memory complaint and objective cognitive deficit on memory performances
Authors: Park Soowon , Lee Ji-Hye , Lee Jiyeon , Cho Youngsung , Park Hyun Gyu , Yoo Yongjoon , Youn Jung-Hae , Ryu Seung-Ho , Hwang Jae Yeon , Kim Jeongsim , Lee Jun-Young 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Subjective memory complaint (SMCs) is a common trait amongst older population. The subjective cognition about their memory could depend on objective cognition. The aim of the current study was to examine the interaction between subjective memory cognition (i.e., SMC) and objective cognition on cognitive functions in participants from older generation.

Methods
A total of 219 patients, 181 normal control (NC) patients and 38 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), were examined through standardized and comprehensive clinical evaluation and neuropsychological assessment. The Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire was used to assess SMCs along with five cognitive tasks were used to evaluate cognitive decline over following areas: verbal memory, visuospatial memory, attention, fluency, and language.

Results
The results of 2 × 2 two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were significant interactions between SMCs and cognitive status (NC, MCI) on memory performances. NC with SMCs showed significantly lower performance in verbal memory and visuospatial memory compared to NCs without SMCs. Conversely, no effect was observed in the MCI group.

Conclusion
There are interactions between subjective cognition (i.e., SMC) and objective cognition (i.e., cognitive status) on memory performances in older adults. The roles of SMCs on memory performances should be interpreted with older adults’ objective cognitive status.
Mass campaigns combining antimalarial drugs and anti-infective vaccines as seasonal interventions for malaria control, elimination and prevention of resurgence: a modelling study
Authors: Camponovo Flavia , Ockenhouse Chris F. , Lee Cynthia , Penny Melissa A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The only licensed malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01, has been developed for morbidity-control in young children. The potential impact on transmission of deploying such anti-infective vaccines to wider age ranges, possibly with co-administration of antimalarial treatment, is unknown. Combinations of existing malaria interventions is becoming increasingly important as evidence mounts that progress on reducing malaria incidence is stalling and threatened by resistance.

Methods
Malaria transmission and intervention dynamics were simulated using OpenMalaria, an individual-based simulation model of malaria transmission, by considering a seasonal transmission setting and by varying epidemiological and setting parameters such as transmission intensity, case management, intervention types and intervention coverages. Chemopreventive drugs and anti-infective vaccine efficacy profiles were based on previous studies in which model parameters were fitted to clinical trial data. These intervention properties were used to evaluate the potential of seasonal mass applications of preventative anti-infective malaria vaccines, alone or in combination with chemoprevention, to reduce malaria transmission, prevent resurgence, and/or reach transmission interruption.

Results
Deploying a vaccine to all ages on its own is a less effective intervention strategy compared to chemoprevention alone. However, vaccines combined with drugs are likely to achieve dramatic prevalence reductions and in few settings, transmission interruption. The combined mass intervention will result in lower prevalence following the intervention compared to chemoprevention alone and will increase chances of interruption of transmission resulting from a synergistic effect between both interventions. The combination of vaccine and drug increases the time before transmission resurges after mass interventions cease compared to mass treatment alone. Deploying vaccines and drugs together requires fewer rounds of mass intervention and fewer years of intervention to achieve the same public health impact as chemoprevention alone.

Conclusions
Through simulations we identified a previously unidentified value of deploying vaccines with drugs, namely the greatest benefit will be in preventing and delaying transmission resurgence for longer periods than with other human targeted interventions. This is suggesting a potential role for deploying vaccines alongside drugs in transmission foci as part of surveillance-response strategies.
Pertussis hospitalizations among term and preterm infants: clinical course and vaccine effectiveness
Authors: van der Maas Nicoline A. T. , Sanders Elisabeth A. M. , Versteegh Florens G. A. , Baauw Albertine , Westerhof Anneke , de Melker Hester E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPertussis causes severe disease in young unvaccinated infants, with preterms potentially at highest risk. We studied pertussis in hospitalized infants as related to gestational age (GA) and vaccination history.MethodsMedical record data of 0-2y old patients hospitalized for pertussis during 2005–2014 were linked to vaccination data. Multivariable logistic regression was used to study the association between GA and vaccination history on the clinical disease course. We compared vaccine effectiveness (VE) against hospitalization for pertussis between term and preterm infants (i.e., <37w GA) using the screening method as developed by Farrington.ResultsOf 1187 records, medical data from 676 were retrieved. Of these, 12% concerned preterms, whereas they are 8% of Dutch birth cohorts. Median age at admission was 3 m for preterms and 2 m for terms (p < 0.001). Preterms more often had received pertussis vaccination (62% vs 44%;p = 0.01) and more often had coinfections (37% vs 21%; p = 0.01). Preterms tended more often to have complications, to require artificial respiration or to need admittance to the intensive care unit (ICU). Preterms had longer ICU stays (15d vs 9d;p = 0.004).Vaccinated preterms and terms had a lower median length of hospital stay and lower crude risks of apneas and the need for artificial respiration, additional oxygen, and ICU admittance than those not vaccinated. After adjustment for presence of coinfections and age at admittance, these differences were not significant, except the lower need of oxygen treatment in vaccinated terms. Effectiveness of the first vaccination against pertussis hospitalizations was 95% (95% CI 93–96%) and 73% (95% CI 20–91%) in terms and preterms, respectively. Effectiveness of the second dose of the primary vaccination series was comparable in both groups (86 and 99%, respectively).ConclusionsInfants hospitalized for pertussis suffer from severe disease. Preterms were overrepresented, with higher need for intensive treatment and less VE of first vaccination. These findings stress the need for alternative prevention, in particular prenatal vaccination of mothers, to reduce pertussis in both groups.
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection mimicking malignancy in a patient with anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies: a case report
Authors: Yeh Yun-Kai , Ding Jing-Ya , Ku Cheng-Lung , Chen Wei-Chih 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections occur mostly in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose disseminated NTM infections in patients without history of immunocompromised diseases or using immunosuppressant. Patients with anti-interferon-γ (IFN-γ) autoantibodies are vulnerable to intracellular infections, such as disseminated NTM. Currently, there is no widely used and efficient technique for the detection of anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies. Herein, we report a case of an apparently healthy patient with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection who tested positive for anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies.

Case presentation
A 64-year-old non-immunocompromised and apparently healthy Asian male presented to the emergency department with complaints of progressive chest pain for about 6 months and weight loss. A bulging tumour was found in the anterior chest wall. Chest computed tomography showed a lung mass over the right lower lobe and an osteolytic lesion with a soft tissue component at the sternum. Sonography-guided biopsies for the osteolytic lesion and sputum culture confirmed the presence of disseminated MAC infection. In addition, positive test result of anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies was noted. The patient was prescribed antibiotics. The lesions over the right lower lobe and sternum attenuated following the antibiotic treatment.

Conclusion
Detection of anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies is important among previously healthy people with disseminated NTM infection. Presence of anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies may suggest a high risk of severe intracellular infection, such as disseminated NTM infection.
Clinical and molecular characterization of three patients with Hepatocerebral form of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome: a case series
Authors: Mahjoub Ghazale , Habibzadeh Parham , Dastsooz Hassan , Mirzaei Malihe , Kavosi Arghavan , Jamali Laila , Javanmardi Haniyeh , Katibeh Pegah , Faghihi Mohammad Ali , Dastgheib Seyed Alireza 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes (MDS) are clinically and phenotypically heterogeneous disorders resulting from nuclear gene mutations. The affected individuals represent a notable reduction in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, which leads to malfunction of the components of the respiratory chain. MDS is classified according to the type of affected tissue; the most common type is hepatocerebral form, which is attributed to mutations in nuclear genes such as DGUOK and MPV17. These two genes encode mitochondrial proteins and play major roles in mtDNA synthesis.

Case presentation
In this investigation patients in three families affected by hepatocerebral form of MDS who were initially diagnosed with tyrosinemia underwent full clinical evaluation. Furthermore, the causative mutations were identified using next generation sequencing and were subsequently validated using sanger sequencing. The effect of the mutations on the gene expression was also studied using real-time PCR. A pathogenic heterozygous frameshift deletion mutation in DGUOK gene was identified in parents of two affected patients (c.706–707 + 2 del: p.k236 fs) presenting with jaundice, impaired fetal growth, low-birth weight, and failure to thrive who died at the age of 3 and 6 months in family I. Moreover, a novel splice site mutation in MPV17 gene (c.461 + 1G > C) was identified in a patient with jaundice, muscle weakness, and failure to thrive who died due to hepatic failure at the age of 4 months. A 5-month-old infant presenting with jaundice, dark urine, poor sucking, and feeding problems was also identified to have another novel mutation in MPV17 gene leading to stop gain mutation (c.277C > T: p.(Gln93*)).

Conclusions
These patients had overlapping clinical features with tyrosinemia. MDS should be considered a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with signs and symptoms of tyrosinemia.
Social determinants of health and disparities in prenatal care utilization during the Great Recession period 2005-2010
Authors: Blakeney Erin L. , Herting Jerald R. , Bekemeier Betty , Zierler Brenda K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Early, regular prenatal care utilization is an important strategy for improving maternal and infant health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to better understand contributing factors to disparate prenatal care utilization outcomes among women of different racial/ethnic and social status groups before, during, and after the Great Recession (December 2007–June 2009).

Methods
Data from 678,235 Washington (WA) and Florida (FL) birth certificates were linked to community and state characteristic data to carry out cross-sectional pooled time series analyses with institutional review board approval for human subjects’ research. Predictors of on-time as compared to late or non-entry to prenatal care utilization (late/no prenatal care utilization) were identified and compared among pregnant women. Also explored was a simulated triadic relationship among time (within recession-related periods), social characteristics, and prenatal care utilization by clustering individual predictors into three scenarios representing low, average, and high degrees of social disadvantage.

Results
Individual and community indicators of need (e.g., maternal Medicaid enrollment, unemployment rate) increased during the Recession. Associations between late/no prenatal care utilization and individual-level characteristics (including disparate associations among race/ethnicity groups) did not shift greatly with young maternal age and having less than a high school education remaining the largest contributors to late/no prenatal care utilization. In contrast, individual maternal enrollment in a supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children (WIC) exhibited a protective association against late/no prenatal care utilization. The magnitude of association between community-level partisan voting patterns and expenditures on some maternal child health programs increased in non-beneficial directions. Simulated scenarios show a high combined impact on prenatal care utilization among women who have multiple disadvantages.

Conclusions
Our findings provide a compelling picture of the important roles that individual characteristics—particularly low education and young age—play in late/no prenatal care utilization among pregnant women. Targeted outreach to individuals with high disadvantage characteristics, particularly those with multiple disadvantages, may help to increase first trimester entry to utilization of prenatal care. Finally, WIC may have played a valuable role in reducing late/no prenatal care utilization, and its effectiveness during the Great Recession as a policy-based approach to reducing late/no prenatal care utilization should be further explored.
A home-video method to assess infant gross motor development: parent perspectives on feasibility
Authors: Boonzaaijer M. , van Wesel F. , Nuysink J. , Volman M. J. M. , Jongmans M. J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundCurrent use of smartphone cameras by parents create opportunities for longitudinal home-video-assessments to monitor infant development. We developed and validated a home-video method for parents, enabling Pediatric Physical Therapists to assess infants’ gross motor development with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). The objective of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of this home-video method from the parents’ perspective.MethodsParents of 59 typically developing infants (0–19 months) were recruited, 45 parents participated in the study. Information about dropout was collected. A sequential mixed methods design was used to examine feasibility, including questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. While the questionnaires inquired after the practical feasibility of the home-video method, the interviews also allowed parents to comment on their feelings and thoughts using the home-video method.ResultsOf 45 participating parents, 34 parents returned both questionnaires and eight parents agreed to an interview. Parent reported effort by the infants was very low: the home-video method is perceived as similar to the normal routine of playing. The parental effort level was acceptable. The main constraint parents reported was time planning. Parents noted it was sometimes difficult to find the right moment to record the infant’s motor behavior, that is, when parents were both at home and their baby was in the appropriate state. Technical problems with the web portal, reported by 28% of the parents were also experienced as a constraint. Positive factors mentioned by parents were: the belief that the home videos are valuable for family use, receiving feedback from a professional, the moments of one-on-one attention and interaction with their babies. Moreover, the process of recording the home videos resulted in an increased parental awareness of, and insight into, the gross motor development of their infant.ConclusionThe AIMS home-video method is feasible for parents of typically developing children. Most constraints are of a practical nature that can be addressed in future applications. Future research is needed to show whether the home-video method is also applicable for parents with an infant at risk of motor development problems.