bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction to: Non-localised contact between beams with circular and elliptical cross-sections
Authors: Magliulo Marco , Lengiewicz Jakub , Zilian Andreas , Beex Lars A. A. 
Published: August 2020

The article “Non-localised contact between beams with circular and elliptical cross-sections”, written by “Marco Magliulo, Jakub Lengiewicz, Andreas Zilian and Lars A. A. Beex”, was originally published Online First without open access. After publication in volume 65, issue 5, page 1247–1266 the authors decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an open access publication. Therefore, the copyright of the article has been changed to © The Author(s) 2020
Clostridium difficile auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Prechter Florian , Stallmach Andreas 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungAuf der Intensivstation ist die Clostridienenteritis mit einer Prävalenz von 1–2 % der Patienten eine nicht seltene Erkrankung, die den Behandler vor besondere Herausforderungen stellt. Für Europa liegen nur wenige belastbare Daten bezüglich Schweregrad und Therapie der Clostridium difficile Infektionen (CDI) bei Intensivpatienten vor; die Übertragbarkeit von Ergebnissen aus Studien mit anderen Patientenkollektiven ist teilweise problematisch. Auch die Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie sind auf diese Patienten aufgrund der meist ausgeprägten Komorbiditäten oft nur mit Einschränkungen anwendbar. Zudem zeigt sich in letzter Zeit immer deutlicher, dass bei einem mit 10–20 % relevanten Teil aller Patienten eine asymptomatische Kolonisation mit C. difficile besteht, die in ihrer Relevanz für den Patienten und für die Übertragung im Krankenhaus bislang nicht gut verstanden ist. Unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Literatur geben wir einen Überblick über aktuelle Herausforderungen in Diagnostik und Verlaufsabschätzung, primäre Behandlungsoptionen sowie Behandlungsalternativen bei besonderen Problemen und Therapieversagen. Zudem gehen wir auf die Prävention von Neuerkrankungen auf der Intensivstation ein.
Optimizing Differentiated HIV Treatment Models in Urban Zimbabwe: Assessing Patient Preferences Using a Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Strauss Michael , George Gavin , Mantell Joanne E. , Mapingure Munyaradzi , Masvawure Tsitsi B. , Lamb Matthew R. , Zech Jennifer M. , Musuka Godfrey , Chingombe Innocent , Msukwa Martin , Boccanera Rodrigo , Gwanzura Clorata , Apollo Tsitsi , Rabkin Miriam 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDifferentiated service delivery holds great promise for streamlining the delivery of health services for HIV. This study used a discrete choice experiment to assess preferences for differentiated HIV treatment delivery model characteristics among 500 virally suppressed adults on antiretroviral therapy in Harare, Zimbabwe. Treatment model characteristics included location, consultation type, healthcare worker cadre, operation times, visit frequency and duration, and cost. A mixed effects logit model was used for parameter estimates to identify potential preference heterogeneity among participants, and interaction effects were estimated for sex and age as potential sources of divergence in preferences. Results indicated that participants preferred health facility-based services, less frequent visits, individual consultations, shorter waiting times, lower cost and, delivered by respectful and understanding healthcare workers. Some preference heterogeneity was found, particularly for location of service delivery and group vs. individual models; however, this was not fully explained by sex and age characteristics of participants. In urban areas, facility-based models, such as the Fast Track model requiring less frequent clinic visits, are likely to better align with patient preferences than some of the other community-based or group models that have been implemented. As Zimbabwe scales up differentiated treatment models for stable patients, a clear understanding of patient preferences can help in designing services that will ensure optimal utilization and improve the efficiency of service delivery.
A Social Mission is Not Enough: Reflecting the Normative Foundations of Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Bruder Ignas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSocial entrepreneurship is not just an objective description of a phenomenon; it also carries a positive normative connotation. However, the academic discourse barely reflects social entrepreneurship’s inherent normativity and often grounds it implicitly on the mission of a social enterprise. In this paper, we argue critically that it is insufficient to ground social entrepreneurship’s inherent normativity on a social mission. Instead, we will show how such a mission-centric conception of social entrepreneurship, when put into practice, is prone to enhance rather than diminish societal grievances. In order to give social entrepreneurship an explicit and sound ethical grounding, we draw on integrative economic ethics as a frame of reference. From this perspective, social entrepreneurship necessitates adherence to the discourse-ethically reasoned moral principle in order to live up to its inherent normative validity claim of good entrepreneurship. The consideration of social entrepreneurship practices is crucial to make this approach less vulnerable to ethical critique. The addition of a practice dimension overcomes the mission-centric view of social entrepreneurship and opens up a typology of enterprise forms, thereby enabling a more fine-grained distinction between social enterprises and other forms of organization.
Wasteful carotenoid coloration and its effects on territorial behavior in a cichlid fish
Authors: Ziegelbecker Angelika , Remele Klaus , Pfeifhofer Hartwig W. , Sefc Kristina M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe famously diverse body coloration of cichlid fish serves communicative functions in mating and social interactions including competition for resources. Here, we examined the effects of a color pattern trait—the width of a yellow bar on a black body—on territorial competition in males and females of a color variant (“Ikola”) of the Lake Tanganyika cichlidTropheus. First, measuring integumentary carotenoid concentrations in the yellow and black body regions, we established that wider yellow bars require more carotenoids allocated to body coloration. However, we also detected high carotenoid concentrations in the black body regions (> 100 µg/g fresh skin), raising questions about the function of non-displayed integumentary carotenoids. Behavioral experiments showed that fish with wider bars were quicker to explore an unfamiliar area of the tank. In experiments including presentations of fish dummies, the bar width of ‘territorial’ dummies had no effect on the latency time which test fish took to intrude into the dummies’ territories. However, male test fish performed fewer aggressive acts against wide-barred than against narrow-barred dummy competitors. Our results suggest that intimidation by wide bars as well as correlations between bar width and explorative behavior may contribute to mediating success in territorialTropheus“Ikola”.
Automatic detection of venous air embolism using transesophageal echocardiography in patients undergoing neurological surgery in the semi-sitting position: a pilot study
Authors: Rau Tobias R. , Plaschke Konstanze , Weigand Markus A. , Maier Christoph , Schramm Christoph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNeurological surgery in the semi-sitting position is linked with a pronounced incidence of venous air embolism (VAE) which can be fatal and therefore requires continuous monitoring. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) provides a high sensitivity for the intraoperative detection of VAE; however, continuous monitoring with TEE requires constant vigilance by the anaesthesiologist, which cannot be ensured during the entire surgical procedure. We implemented a fully automatic VAE detection system for TEE based on a statistical model of the TEE images. In the sequence of images, the cyclic heart activity is regarded as a quasi-periodic process, and air bubbles are detected as statistical outliers. The VAE detection system was evaluated by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves using a data set consisting of 155.14 h of intraoperatively recorded TEE video and a manual classification of periods with visible VAE. Our automatic detection system accomplished an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.945 if all frames with visible VAE were considered as detection target, and an AUC of 0.990 if frames with the least severe optical grade of VAE were excluded from the analysis. Offline-review of the recorded TEE videos showed that short embolic events (≤ 2 min) may be overseen when monitoring TEE video manually. Automatic detection of VAE is feasible and could provide significant support to anaesthesiologists in clinical practice. Our proposed algorithm might possibly even offer a higher sensitivity compared to manual detection. The specificity, however, requires improvement to be acceptable for practical application. Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00011607).
Modification of blood serum DSC profiles by sauna treatments in cross-country skiers during the exercise cycle
Authors: Duch Klaudia , Michnik Anna , Pokora Ilona , Sadowska-Krępa Ewa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study has evaluated the effect of sauna treatments on the blood serum of professional cross-country skiers (3 women and 6 men) during two exercise sessions: the first without any treatments and the second after ten sauna treatments. Aqueous solutions of serum samples from the blood of athletes collected in four stages in both exercise sessions: at rest, after exercise, after 1 h and 24 h rest and additionally only at rest after the first sauna treatment, were measured by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC results allowed to register characteristic post-exercise changes in the profile of thermal denaturation transition of serum. A trend of these changes was similar regardless of the use of sauna, but their intensity was stronger in the exercise session after the sauna treatments. In particular, the differences relating to the use of sauna have revealed in the higher temperature range of serum denaturation transition. Regarding the recovery process after exercises, a large individual variability was observed in both sessions.
Calcium entry units (CEUs): perspectives in skeletal muscle function and disease
Authors: Protasi Feliciano , Pietrangelo Laura , Boncompagni Simona 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the last decades the term Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) has been used in the scientific literature to describe an ubiquitous cellular mechanism that allows recovery of calcium (Ca2+) from the extracellular space. SOCE is triggered by a reduction of Ca2+ content (i.e. depletion) in intracellular stores, i.e. endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER and SR). In skeletal muscle the mechanism is primarily mediated by a physical interaction between stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1), a Ca2+ sensor located in the SR membrane, and ORAI1, a Ca2+-permeable channel of external membranes, located in transverse tubules (TTs), the invaginations of the plasma membrane (PM) deputed to propagation of action potentials. It is generally accepted that in skeletal muscle SOCE is important to limit muscle fatigue during repetitive stimulation. We recently discovered that exercise promotes the assembly of new intracellular junctions that contains colocalized STIM1 and ORAI1, and that the presence of these new junctions increases Ca2+ entry via ORAI1, while improving fatigue resistance during repetitive stimulation. Based on these findings we named these new junctions Ca2+ Entry Units (CEUs). CEUs are dynamic organelles that assemble during muscle activity and disassemble during recovery thanks to the plasticity of the SR (containing STIM1) and the elongation/retraction of TTs (bearing ORAI1). Interestingly, similar structures described as SR stacks were previously reported in different mouse models carrying mutations in proteins involved in Ca2+ handling (calsequestrin-null mice; triadin and junctin null mice, etc.) or associated to microtubules (MAP6 knockout mice). Mutations in Stim1 and Orai1 (and calsequestrin-1) genes have been associated to tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM), a muscular disease characterized by: (a) muscle pain, cramping, or weakness that begins in childhood and worsens over time, and (b) the presence of large accumulations of ordered SR tubes (tubular aggregates, TAs) that do not contain myofibrils, mitochondria, nor TTs. Interestingly, TAs are also present in fast twitch muscle fibers of ageing mice. Several important issues remain un-answered: (a) the molecular mechanisms and signals that trigger the remodeling of membranes and the functional activation of SOCE during exercise are unclear; and (b) how dysfunctional SOCE and/or mutations in Stim1, Orai1 and calsequestrin (Casq1) genes lead to the formation of tubular aggregates (TAs) in aging and disease deserve investigation.
Board monitoring efficiency and the value of conservative accounting
Authors: Gao Yanmin , Wagenhofer Alfred 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper provides a theoretical explanation for the observation that firms with strong corporate governance exhibit more conservative accounting. We study one of a board’s most important decisions: to retain or replace the incumbent manager. The board uses accounting information and additional information from costly board monitoring. We show that if the accounting information is useful only for the replacement decision, then conservatism is harmful because it leads to too much replacement. If accounting information is relevant for the board’s decision whether to monitor, then conservatism is beneficial when the board is a sufficiently efficient monitor. We also provide several predictions for empirical tests.
Recent advances in periodic vibrations of the middle ear with a floating mass transducer
Authors: Rusinek Rafal , Weremczuk Andrzej 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe paper investigates periodic solutions of a nonlinear model of the middle ear with a floating mass transducer. A multi degree of freedom model is used to obtain a solution near the first resonance. The model is solved analytically by means of the multiple time scales method. Next, the stability of obtained periodic solutions is analysed in order to identify the parameters of the floating mass transducer that affect the middle ear dynamics. Moreover, some parameters of the middle ear structure are investigated with respect to their impact on obtained periodic solutions.
Trapped in class? Material manifestations of poverty and prosperity in Alice Munro’s “Royal Beatings” and “The Beggar Maid”
Authors: Berndt Katrin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article argues that material objects in Canadian writer Alice Munro’s short fiction both reflect socio-economic concerns of pre- and post-WWII Canadian society and complicate common conceptions of deprivation and material ambition. The analyses of “Royal Beatings” and “The Beggar Maid” demonstrate how Munro describes economic hardships, class anxieties, and social discrimination and distinction through items of material culture such as clothes, furniture, and paintings. These objects and their symbolic significance draw attention to the conflicts resulting from the interplay of her characters’ upbringings, loyalties, and their longings and aspirations.
On the nonlinear effects of the mean wind force on the galloping onset in shallow cables
Authors: Zulli Daniele , Piccardo Giuseppe , Luongo Angelo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe critical aeroelastic behavior of horizontal, suspended, and shallow cables is analyzed via a continuous model accounting for both external and internal damping. Quasi-steady aerodynamic forces are considered, including their stationary contribution (mean wind force). This latter induces a rotation of the cable (steady swing) around the line connecting the suspension points, together with a deformation of the initial equilibrium profile under self-weight. First, by using perturbation methods, the nontrivial equilibrium configuration is analytically determined as a nonlinear function of the wind velocity. Then, the wind critical values at which bifurcations take place and the corresponding modal shapes are determined by solving a boundary value problem in the complex field. Numerical investigations are carried out to validate the perturbation solution. A preliminary nonlinear galloping analysis is also performed to verify the galloping onset in terms of non-trivial equilibrium path and critical modes. The nonlinear terms related to the fundamental path, from which bifurcations take place, play a key role revealing new insights. They are able to heavily influence the system bifurcation, making unstable configurations which instead would be aerodynamically stable without considering the effect of the mean wind force.
The Lunar Lander Neutron and Dosimetry (LND) Experiment on Chang’E 4
Authors: Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F. , Yu Jia , Böttcher Stephan I. , Zhang Shenyi , Burmeister Sönke , Lohf Henning , Guo Jingnan , Xu Zigong , Schuster Björn , Seimetz Lars , Freiherr von Forstner Johan L. , Ravanbakhsh Ali , Knierim Violetta , Kolbe Stefan , Woyciechowski Hauke , Kulkarni Shrinivasrao R. , Yuan Bin , Shen Guohong , Wang Chunqing , Chang Zheng , Berger Thomas , Hellweg Christine E. , Matthiä Daniel , Hou Donghui , Knappmann Alke , Büschel Charlotte , Hou Xufeng , Ren Baoguo , Fu Qiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChang’E 4 is the first mission to the far side of the Moon and consists of a lander, a rover, and a relay spacecraft. Lander and rover were launched at 18:23 UTC on December 7, 2018 and landed in the von Kármán crater at 02:26 UTC on January 3, 2019. Here we describe the Lunar Lander Neutron & Dosimetry experiment (LND) which is part of the Chang’E 4 Lander scientific payload. Its chief scientific goal is to obtain first active dosimetric measurements on the surface of the Moon. LND also provides observations of fast neutrons which are a result of the interaction of high-energy particle radiation with the lunar regolith and of their thermalized counterpart, thermal neutrons, which are a sensitive indicator of subsurface water content.
Anticoagulant treatment in COVID-19: a narrative review
Authors: Carfora Vincenzo , Spiniello Giorgio , Ricciolino Riccardo , Di Mauro Marco , Migliaccio Marco Giuseppe , Mottola Filiberto Fausto , Verde Nicoletta , Coppola Nicola ,   Vanvitelli COVID-19 group, Coppola Nicola , Sagnelli Caterina , De Pascalis Stefania , Stanzione Maria , Stornaiuolo Gianfranca , Cascone Angela , Martini Salvatore , Macera Margherita , Monari Caterina , Calò Federica , Bianco Andrea , Russo Antonio , Gentile Valeria , Camaioni Clarissa , De Angelis Giulia , Marino Giulia , Astorri Roberta , De Sio Ilario , Niosi Marco , Borrelli Serena , Celia Benito , Ceparano Maria , Cirillo Salvatore , De Luca Maria , Mazzeo Grazia , Paoli Giorgio , Russo Maria Giovanna , Carfora Vincenzo , Di Mauro Marco , Migliaccio Marco Giuseppe , Mottola Filiberto Fausto , Ricciolino Riccardo , Spiniello Giorgio , Verde Nicoletta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe actual Coronavirus Disease (COVID 19) pandemic is due to Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a member of the coronavirus family. Besides the respiratory involvement, COVID 19 patients frequently develop a pro-coagulative state caused by virus-induced endothelial dysfunction, cytokine storm and complement cascade hyperactivation. It is common to observe diffuse microvascular thrombi in multiple organs, mostly in pulmonary microvessels. Thrombotic risk seems to be directly related to disease severity and worsens patients’ prognosis. Therefore, the correct understanding of the mechanisms underlying COVID-19 induced prothrombotic state can lead to a thorough assessment of the possible management strategies. Hence, we review the pathogenesis and therapy of COVID 19-related thrombosis disease, focusing on the available evidence on the possible treatment strategies and proposing an algorithm for the anticoagulation strategy based on disease severity.
Potential of conservation agriculture modules for energy conservation and sustainability of rice-based production systems of Indo-Gangetic Plain region
Authors: Nandan Rajiv , Poonia Shish Pal , Singh Sati Shankar , Nath Chaitanya Prasad , Kumar Virender , Malik Ram Kanwar , McDonald Andrew , Hazra Kali Krishna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRice-based cropping systems are the most energy-intensive production systems in South Asia. Sustainability of the rice-based cropping systems is nowadays questioned with declining natural resource base, soil degradation, environmental pollution, and declining factor productivity. As a consequence, the search for energy and resource conservation agro-techniques is increasing for sustainable and cleaner production. Conservation agriculture (CA) practices have been recommended for resource conservation, soil health restoration and sustaining crop productivity. The present study aimed to assess the different CA modules in rice-based cropping systems for energy conservation, energy productivity, and to define energy-economic relations. A field experiment consisted of four different tillage-based crop establishment practices (puddled-transplanted rice followed by (fb) conventional-till maize/wheat (CTTPR-CT), non-puddled transplanted ricefbzero-till maize/wheat (NPTPR-ZT), zero-till transplanted ricefbzero-till maize/wheat (ZTTPR-ZT), zero-till direct-seeded ricefbzero-till maize/wheat (ZTDSR-ZT)), with two residue management treatments (residue removal, residue retention) in rice–wheat and rice–maize rotations were evaluated for energy budgeting and energy-economic relations. Conservation-tillage treatments (NPTPR-ZT, ZTTPR-ZT, and ZTDSR-ZT) reduced the energy requirements over conventional tillage treatments, with the greater reduction in ZTTPR-ZT and ZTDSR-ZT treatments. Savings of energy in conservation-tillage treatments were attributed to reduced energy use in land preparation (69–100%) and irrigation (23–27%), which consumed a large amount of fuel energy. Conservation-tillage treatments increased grain and straw/stover yields of crops, eventually increased the output energy (6–16%), net energy (14–26%), energy ratio (25–33%), and energy productivity (23–34%) as compared with CTTPR-CT. For these energy parameters, the treatment order was ZTDSR-ZT ≥ ZTTPR-ZT > NPTPR-ZT > CTTPR-CT (p < 0.05). Crop residue retention reduced net energy, energy ratio, and energy productivity when compared with residue removal. Our results of energy-economic relations favored the “conservative hypothesis,” which envisages that energy and monetary investments are not essentially the determinants of crop productivity. Thus, zero tillage-based crop establishments (ZTTPR-ZT, ZTDSR-ZT) in rice-based production systems could be the sustainable alternative to conventional tillage-based agriculture (CTTPR-CT) as they conserved non-renewable energy sources, reduced water requirement, and increased crop productivity.