bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF FISETIN ON LYSOSOMAL ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF NORMAL AND ISOPROTERENOL-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN MALE WISTAR RATS
Authors: PANNEERSELVAM MYTHILY , P. T DEVIKA 
Published: October 2019

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of fisetin on change in the activities of lysosomal enzymes in isoproterenol (ISO)- induced myocardial infarction (MI) in male albino Wistar rats.
Methods: Rats were orally pretreated with fisetin (30 mg/kg body weight) daily for 30 days. After the pretreatment period, ISO (100 mg/kg body weight) was subcutaneously administered to rats at intervals of 24 h for 2 consecutive days.
Results: The activities of β-glucuronidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, β-galactosidase, cathepsin-B, and cathepsin-D were significantly (*p<0.05) increased in serum and the heart of ISO-induced rats. Pre-treatment with fisetin daily for 30 days to ISO-induced rats significantly prevented these activities and restored their activities to near normal. Oral treatment with fisetin (30 mg/kg body weight) to normal control rats did not show any significant effect.
Conclusion: We have concluded that fisetin protects the β-glucuronidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, β-galactosidase, cathepsin-B, and cathepsin-D against ISO-induced MI. The observed effects might be due to the free radical-scavenging and membrane-stabilizing effect of fisetin.
TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA AQUEOUS EXTRACT AMELIORATES THE SYSTEMIC INFECTION OF ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS IN BALB/C MICE
Authors: A KHAN MASOOD 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study was aimed to assess the antifungal activity of Tinospora cordifolia aqueous extract (TCAE) against Aspergillus fumigatus infection.
Methods: TCAE was tested for in vitro antifungal activity against the isolates of A. fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger. To evaluate in vivo activity, various doses (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) of TCAE were orally administered in A. fumigatus-infected mice for 7 days. The combination of prophylactic and therapeutic effect of TCAE was assessed by pre-treating the mice with 10 mg/kg of TCAE for 3 consecutive days before exposing them to A. fumigatus. Mice were treated with 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg doses of TCAE for 7 consecutive days’ post-A. fumigatus infection. The effectiveness of TCAE was evaluated by monitoring the survival rate and assessing the fungal burden in the kidney of the treated mice.
Results: A. fumigatus-infected mice treated with TCAE at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg exhibited 50% and 20% survival rate, respectively, observed on day 40 post-treatment. Like to the survival data, the fungal burden was also found to be the lowest in the kidney of mice treated with TCAE at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The results showed that pre-treatment with TCAE (10 mg/kg) followed by post-infection treatment with 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg of TCAE for 7 days resulted in 40%, 50%, and 70% survival rate, respectively.
Conclusions: These results suggest that TCAE may potentially be considered for its possible use in the treatment of the systemic infection of A. fumigatus.
EFFECTS OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS ON CHOLESTEROL AND LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH DYSLIPIDEMIA
Authors: B CHEENAM , P LEENA , K VIKAS 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study was conducted with a goal to analyze and assess the effect of sunflower seeds on the serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels.
Methods: A total of 60 patients comprising 34 males and 26 females were selected for the given study. The patients were divided into case and control groups. Various anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, and blood pressure along with certain biochemical parameters including cholesterol and LDL were recorded for these patients pre- and post-supplementation of 2 g of sunflower seeds for 6 months.
Results: The patients in the experimental group showed a significant and rapid difference (p<0.05) in comparison to the control intervention. The cholesterol levels in the case group reduced from 254.6±21.40 to 183.40±3.01 mg/dl, whereas, in control group, it reduced from 234.53±13.54 to 194.50±6.16 mg/dl. Similarly, the LDL levels in the case group decreased from 155.28±8.48 to 122.70±2.94 mg/dl; in contrast, in control group, it decreased from 159.53±6.04 to 140.53±1.11 mg/dl, respectively.
Conclusion: The study conducted concluded that sunflower seeds can be used as an adjuvant in treating the raised cholesterol and LDL levels in the blood serum which could otherwise lead various cardiac disorders (both major and minor).
EFFECT OF OPUNTIA ELATIOR ON CHOLESTEROL LEVEL ALTERATIONS INDUCED BY GAMMA RADIATION IN SWISS ALBINO MICE
Authors: POONIAM KAVITA , SHARMA JAIMALA 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Radiotherapy is deleterious to patient health by making the patient more susceptible to other diseases and often causes death by weakening the immune system and also affects cholesterol level. Based on these studies, it was moved toward the selection of Opuntia elatior as a herbal remedy for serum cholesterol level induced by gamma radiation.
Methods: The modulatory effect of O. elatior stem extract was studied in Swiss albino mice at dose, i.e., 6 Gy of gamma radiation in the presence (experimental) or absence (control) of O. elatior extract (OEE) (10 mg/kg body weight) to observe in blood cholesterol level alterations. The animals were scarified and their blood was collected at days 1, 15, and 30 post-irradiation from heart puncture. Cholesterol level was estimated by the modified method of Roeschlau et al., 1974, using kit.
Results: The cholesterol level was found almost constant in the control group (without any treatment) and increased in gamma radiation-treated group and decreased in only plant extract-treated group, whereas radiation-induced increased level of cholesterol was reduced by plant extract treatment in experimental animals (in plant extract with radiation-treated group), a normal level was achieved by day 30 post-treatment. Hence, O. elatior is beneficial to control radiation-induced blood cholesterol level.
Conclusion: Radiation-induced side effects get lowered by herbal treatment and herbal products do not have their own side effects on body on their physical and chemical processes; thus, OEE is useful to manage blood cholesterol level as an edible part, it is easy to use as treatment and in my results OEE also support to maintain cholesterol level in serum of mice.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PRONIOSOMAL GEL-BASED TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM BY BOX–BEHNKEN DESIGN
Authors: SOUJANYA C  , RAVI PRAKASH P  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the combined influence of three independent variables in the preparation of atorvastatin proniosomes by coacervation-phase separation method.
Methods: On the basis of the preliminary trials, a 3-factor, 3-level Box–Behnken design was employed to study the effect of cholesterol, soya lecithin, and Span 60 independent variable on dependent variables (particle size and % entrapment efficiency). Transmission electron microscopy analysis of optimized formulation has demonstrated the presence of individual proniosomes in spherical shape.
Results: Atorvastatin optimized proniosomal formulation F2 shown better particle size and % entrapment efficiency, and also, the drug release was 99.72% within 24 h in slow and controlled manner when compared with control. Kinetic analysis of drug release profiles showed that the drug release was followed by zero-order manner with Korsmeyer–Peppas model, which implies super case II release kinetics. The particle size and zeta potential of the optimized atorvastatin proniosomal gel were found to be 65.72 and −10.5, respectively. The optimized batch of proniosomes was used for the preparation of atorvastatin-based proniosomal hydrogel by incorporating hydrated proniosomes to carbopol matrix to enhance the stability and viscosity of the system.
Conclusion: The enhanced skin permeation, for a prolonged period of time, may lead to improved efficacy and better patient compliance. This study suggests that proniosomal gel-containing atorvastatin could perform therapeutically better effects than the conventional formulations.
PECULIAR PROPERTIES OF THE PLANT TAXONOMY AT THE HERBARIUMMUSEUM DEPARTMENT PHARMACEUTICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES FIRST MOSCOW STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER SECHENOV
Authors: SAMYLINA IA  , ERMAKOVA VA  , STRELIAEVA AV  , KARTASHOVA NV  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Department of Pharmaceutical and Natural Sciences of Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University offers students herbarium which should be attributed to special herbaria, namely the collection contains medicinal plants that are well known as official medicine and are widely used in folk medicine. The herbarium provides samples of medicinal plants for the formation of knowledge, practical skills of students of the pharmaceutical faculty. More than 7000 copies of herbarium sheets are offered for the work of students.
Methods: Herbarium samples were identified and selected according to the engage thematic plan: Medicinal plants containing essential oils, cardiac glycosides, saponins, polysaccharides, phenolic glycosides, coumarins, lignans, flavonoids, tannins, anthracene derivatives, vitamins, fatty oils, and different groups of biologically active substances. In addition, the department made a small collection of the rare herbarium, which presents medicinal plants widely used in homeopathy, which is used for conducting elective discipline. The wide research of different branches of the medicinal plan was made with the help of pharmacognosy department. The study was carried out with an objective to estimate the need for each herbarium by topic
Results: The herbarium fund was formed by the staff of the pharmacognosy department for many years on the basis of the approved pharmacognosy program. The collection is used for research by students – to perform diploma, qualifying works, and teachers to prepare teaching aids, and pharmacopeia articles develop and conduct research. The number of herbarium specimens is stored in the main fund – more than 5000. 240 species of medicinal plants belonging to 104 families are represented.
EVALUATION OF ANTIUROLITHIC HERBAL FORMULA FOR UROLITHIASIS: A RANDOMIZED OPEN-LABEL CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: ULFATUN NISA  , PERISTIWAN R WIDHI ASTANA  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of antiurolithic herbal formula (AHF) compared with commercial polyherbal lithotriptic (CPL) agent in urolithiasis subjects.
Materials and Method: The study was conducted with the design of purposive randomized open-label, end-blinded observation. The sample size and randomization were done by computer with generated statistical program. The total of subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was 200 patients. Every subject was given AHF or CPL according to their group and the intervention was carried out for 8 weeks. The study used the difference of stone’s size and number as parameter to observe the efficacy between two groups. While in terms of safety, this study used biochemical parameters of liver and kidney function.
Results: A total of 191 adult patients with urolithiasis were enrolled. There were 97 and 94 subjects in AHF and CPL group, respectively. The study showed a significant size reduction of single’s and multiple’s stone in AHF group (p<0.05). The size reduction difference in AHF group is greater than in CPL group. The number of multiple stone’s subjects who treated AHF was significantly decreased. Whereas in CPL group, there was no significant size difference between pre and prost treatment. The biochemical parameters showed normal liver and renal function in both groups.
Conclusion: This study result indicates that AHF is safe and effective in the treatment of urolithiasis.
DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL 4-(4-FLUORO-3-METHYLPHENYL)-6-(SUBSTITUTED ARYL)-1,6-DIHYDROPYRIMIDIN-2-OL DERIVATIVES AS POTENT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC AGENTS
Authors: MURALIDHARAN V  , RAJA S  , ASHA DEEPTI  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Pyrimidine heterocycles possessing hydroxy group has a unique place in medicinal chemistry and also plays a key role in biological processes. In the biological functions at cellular level pyrimidine plays imperative roles which lead the researchers to design a variety of its derivatives. The aim of the present study was to synthesize the novel set of 4-(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)-6-(substituted aryl)-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-ol derivatives. These compounds were screened for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Methods: A novel series of 4-(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)-6-(substituted aryl)-1,6-dihydro pyrimidin-2-ol derivatives were furnished in two steps starting from 4-fluoro-3-methyl acetophenone through chalcone formation. Human red blood cell membrane stabilization method and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test were performed for screening in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, respectively. Tail-flick technique was performed for screening analgesic activity.
Results: All the synthesized 4-(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)-6-(substituted aryl)-1,6-dihydro pyrimidin-2-ol derivatives were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,1H nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, and bases of elemental analysis. The result of biological screening revealed that many of the new derivatives were endowed with improved anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
Conclusion: Nature of the substituent played a major role in anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. The pyrimidine derivative with chlorophenyl substitution exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. From the results, it was concluded that 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-fluoro-3- methyl phenyl)-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-ol was the most active compound.
AN ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF WILD MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY MIGRATORY SHEPHERDS – A TRIBAL COMMUNITY OF WESTERN HIMALAYAS
Authors: RADHA  , PURI S  , KUMAR S  
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Migratory shepherds of Kinnaur, Shimla, and Sirmaur districts in Himachal Pradesh of the western Himalayas have rich traditional knowledge of medicinal plants and its uses, in this respect; an ethnobotanical survey was carried out from 2017 to 2018.
Methods: The required information on ethnomedicines used by tribal migratory shepherds was collected through personal field visits, interview method and using a pretested questionnaire.
Results: It was observed that in all 78 species were used by shepherds en route from high hills to low hills. In high hills 35 species, in mid hills 20 species, and low hills 23 species were found to be used as ethnomedicine source.
Conclusion: This study shows that shepherds in tribal areas are highly dependent on ethnobotanical remedies, which evolved over generations of experience and practices, for health care. The common diseases were treated by ethnomedicinal plants such as cough, cold, body pain, Skin infection, wounds, diarrhea, respiratory problems, and sunburn. The collected detailed information on the list of plants and their therapeutic practices among tribal migratory shepherds may be helpful to improve the future pharmaceutical applications.
HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA LINN. AMELIORATES LIPIDS, LIPOPROTEINS, AND PARAOXONASE IN ISOPROTERENOL-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: VADIVELAN RAMACHANDRAN  , GAUTAM ADHIKARI  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Matricaria Chamomilla Linn. (CHAE) on lipids, lipoproteins, and antioxidants activity in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarcted rats.
Methods: ISO (85 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced myocardial infarction for 2 consecutive days at an interval of 24 h. Rats were pretreated with CHAE (100 and 200 mg/kg, oral) for a period of 20 days and ISO was injected on 21 and 22 days at 24 h intervals and after 24 h, blood was collected through retro-orbital plexus for the estimation of lipids, lipoproteins, and antioxidants assay.
Results: In the present study, ISO caused a significant increase in the concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very LDL-C, and lipid peroxidation whereas a significant decrease in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein-C. ISO administration also significantly decreased the activities of paraoxonase (PON) enzyme. Oral pre-treatment of CHAE at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (bw) for 20 days challenged with a concurrent injection of ISO (85 mg/kg bw) on 21 and 22 days significantly attenuated these alterations and restored the levels of lipids and lipoproteins. In addition, CHAE significantly elevated the serum antioxidants enzyme PON and catalase (CAT).
Conclusion: The report revealed that pre-treatment with CHAE ameliorated lipid and lipoprotein and increased the antioxidant PON and CAT activity and decreased LPO level in ISO-treated male albino Wistar rats.
EFFICACY AND TOLERABILITY OF FLUPIRTINE VERSUS TRAMADOL IN THE TREATMENT OF MODERATE CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: VINEELA KARTHIK NAGURI  , RAVI BABU KOMARAM  , TAMILISETTI VIDYA SAGAR  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess and compare the efficacy and tolerability of flupirtine versus tramadol in patients with chronic moderate low back pain (LBP).
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the outpatient department of orthopaedics at tertiary care hospital, Rajamahendravarm. After meeting the inclusion criteria, a total of 60 patients were randomly allocated to tablet flupirtine 100 mg in Group A and tablet tramadol 50 mg in Group B. The efficacy of the study drugs was assessed at baseline and the end of treatment by numerical rating scale11, visual analog scale-100 mm, physician’s, and patient’s global assessment. Statistical analysis was done using paired and unpaired t-test and data were presented as mean±standard deviation. Adverse drug reactions were monitored during the treatment.
Results: The study results showed that 90% of the patients in Group A and 78% of the patients in Group B had shown a good response to their respective drugs. 30% of flupirtine group patients reported adverse drug reactions which were mild.
Conclusion: Both the drugs are effective in the treatment of moderate chronic LBP, but the advantage of flupirtine was, the incidence of adverse drug reactions was less when compared to tramadol group.
DEVELOPMENT OF METOCLOPRAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE IN SITU GEL: NASAL DELIVERY AND PHARMACOKINETICS IN NEW ZEALAND RABBITS
Authors: UPENDRA C GALGATTE  , PRAVIN D CHAUDHARI  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Systemic bioavailability of metoclopramide hydrochloride (MCH) is 32–80% by oral route. The study was targeted to develop in situ gel of MCH for nasal delivery and to study its pharmacokinetics in healthy rabbits. Pre-systemic metabolism can be overcome.
Methods: Poloxamer 407 (P407) aqueous solutions were prepared by cold method. In 32 factorial design, independent variables were Carbopol 934P and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000), and dependent responses were gelation temperature, mucoadhesive strength, and drug release. A Pharmacokinetic study was carried out in New Zealand rabbits. The optimized in situ gel (1 mg/ml) was compared with marketed Reglan® (2 mg/2 ml) injection. Area under the curve (AUC), Cmax, and Tmax were estimated.
Results: F2 was an optimized formulation. The study showed that P407 solutions formed a gel at nasal temperature 34°C having mucoadhesive strength 806.12±3.45 dyne/cm2. MCH release was found to be 93.74±1.31% within 6 h. Histopathological examination of formulation F2 exhibited safety to the nasal mucosa. The pH of formulations was 5.1±0.1 to 5.6±0.1 in the range of pH of nasal cavity. Plasma samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS). The area under curve AUC0-4 for in situ gel by nasal route was 2716±4.617 ng/h/ml and for marketed solution by intravenous route was 2874±1.0816 ng/h/ml. These were comparable. Nasal bioavailability was found 94.50% from in situ gel. Duration of action was longer, and steady-state concentration was found for in situ gel.
Conclusion: In situ gel was capable to release MCH in systemic circulation. In vivo study in rabbits has proved the improved bioavailability of MCH administered nasally. The optimized gel preparation was found to be promising for improved bioavailability.
DESIGN, FORMULATION, AND EVALUATION OF SOLID DISPERSION TABLETS OF POORLY WATER-SOLUBLE ANTIDIABETIC DRUG USING NATURAL POLYMER
Authors: SUDIPTA DAS  , PRIYANKA MANDAL  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate the solid dispersion (SD) of poorly water-soluble drug glimepiride and the development of the tablets of prepared SD of glimepiride using natural and synthetic polymers.
Methods: The SD of glimepiride was to prepare using fusion method. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using synthetic polymer such as HPMC and natural polymer gellan gum.
Results: The granules were evaluated by determining the angle of repose (23.70±0.761 to 29.21±0.127º), bulk density, tapped density, Hausner ratio, and Carr’s index. It shows satisfactory results. The tablets were subjected to the measurement of hardness (3.9±0.08 to 4.6±0.04kg/cm2), friability (0.22±0.004 to 0.40±0.005%), and in vitro release studied. Release study of pure drug was performed. In the release study, SD of glimepiride tablets with gellan gum gives considerably good result compared to HPMC.
Conclusion: From the results, it was shown that dissolution rate of pure glimepiride was very slow. When the glimepiride was prepared in SD form, then the dissolution rate was very fast. The tablets of the SD of glimepiride were prepared and release study was shown depending on various quantities of HPMC and gellan gum used. Therefore, the long term stability study is required for future development of this formulation.