bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac hydatid disease; misleading presentations, a case series
Authors: Oraha Ashur Y. , Al-modhaffer Saif Sami , Ahmed Okba F. , Al obaidy Wisam S. , Baram Aram , Kakamad Fahmi , Yaldo Fitoon F. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Introdcution:
Cardiac echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic infection that necessitates a high index of suspicion in endemic areas. The purpose of this study is to introduce different clinical scenarios of four cases in two major cardiac centers.

Methods:
A retrospective, case series study, conducted in three centers for the last two years. Addressing each case separately in regard to presentation and management.

Results:
Four cases have been reported, three patients were female 75% and one patient was male 25%. Age ranged from 27 to 32 years. All the patients 100% had dyspnea as their main first presentation, one patient (25%) presented as pulmonary embolism with three attacks of hemoptysis. One patient (25%) had an attack of convulsion 25%. Different segments of the heart were involved, Left ventricle was involved in 50%, Right ventricle in 25%, combined pulmonary and pericardial involvement in another 25%. Median Sternotomy with the cardioplegic arrest was performed in three patients 75% and Posterolateral thoracotomy was the approach in one case 25%.

Conclusion:
Cardiac Hydatid cyst is a sparse yet potentially perilous clinical entity. Early surgical intervention is the modality of choice might halt unfavorable consequences.

Highlights:
Impact of the Advent of Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum on the Surgical Management of Peyronie’s Disease: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Sukumar Shyam , Pijush Debduth Bardhan , Brandes Steven 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Penile plication or partial excision with grafting has traditionally been the first-line treatment for stable Peyronie’s disease (PD). Numerous injection therapies (ITs) have been introduced over the last few decades. Intralesional collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) was U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved in 2013 for patients with stable disease, curvature ≥30° and ≤90°, and intact erectile function. The impact of the advent of CCH on the surgical management of PD is unknown.

Aim
We studied the effect of IT on the surgical management of PD in a population-based analysis.

Methods
The Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database, which provides statewide level of all-payer data on patients in the outpatient, inpatient, ambulatory, and emergency department setting in New York State was reviewed. Patients undergoing a penile prosthesis for concurrent erectile dysfunction were excluded.

Main Outcome Measure
Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression modeling were used to assess factors influencing choice of injection therapy vs surgical therapy (penile plication or partial excision with grafting).

Results
From 2003−2016, 547 patients with PD presented for management. Median age was 56 years and 57% were white. Over the study period, surgical management was used less often as the primary procedure with a concurrent increase in use of IT (P &lt; .001). On multivariable modeling, patients more likely to receive IT as treatment for penile curvature were younger (odds ratio [OR]: 1.26; P = .002; CI: 1.09−1.46), of higher socioeconomic status (OR: 1.14; P = .037; CI: 1.01−1.29), presented in the post-CCH era (OR: 1.17; P = .018; CI: 1.03−1.33) and presented to a surgeon with a high volume practice (OR: 1.25; P = .007; CI: 1.07−1.48). Patients presenting in the post-CCH era were 17% significantly more likely to receive IT.

Clinical Implications
ITs like CCH are increasingly displacing surgical management as the primary treatment option of Peyronie’s disease.

Strengths & Limitations
The Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database is particularly useful for this analysis because it is an all-payer database that tracks patients longitudinally across various health care settings—outpatient and inpatient. Limitations: It only includes patients in New York State limiting generalizability. The retrospective nature of the analysis makes it subject to the biases inherent in such reports. Specific disease level characteristics (eg, degree of curvature, duration of disease, and associated deformities) were not available.

Conclusion
Since the introduction of CCH, there has been a markedly decreasing trend in the utilization of surgery as the primary modality in the management of PD-associated penile curvature.
Creating poetry from the BAS archives: Commentary on, and extracts from, a new poetic sequence, “Met Obs”
Authors: Lewis Williams Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Antarctic Treaty of 1959, which dedicates the continent to peace and international scientific cooperation in the face of rising east–west tensions, is informed in part by a shared scientific imaginary created by the UK and other nations which maintained scientific bases in Antarctica at the time. In this article, the poet offers works extracted from her longer sequence “Met Obs,” based on meteorological reports and journals from the UK station at Port Lockroy written in advance of the 1957–1958 International Geophysical Year (IGY). The poems engage with the work and circumstances which helped foster such an imaginary, as well as with the nexus of Antarctic “values” endorsed by the Treaty, and the later Madrid Protocol. The commentary further contextualises these literary responses in terms of the attitudes of the men working there as well as the “wilderness and aesthetic values” recognised by the later Protocol on Environmental Protection. The world of the poems may belong to 1950s Antarctica, but their observations reach beyond that experience, making a case for the continued relevance of Treaty values, and for the importance of artistic, as well as scientific, responses to the environment in a world under threat from accelerating climate change and competition for resources.
The He++/H+ Density Ratio Across Earth's Subsolar Magnetopause and Its Implications for the Presence of a Mass‐Dependent Reflection Coefficient
Authors: Delano K. , Fuselier S.A. , Elliott H.A. , Burch J.L. , Mukherjee J. , Petrinec S. , Strangeway R.J. , Trattner K.J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhen magnetic reconnection is occurring at Earth's magnetopause, incident magnetosheath ions are either reflected or transmitted, and the likelihood of each outcome is quantified by the reflection coefficient. This statistical study reexamines the question of whether or not the reflection coefficient is mass dependent by observing the He++/H+ density ratio at magnetopause crossings. High‐resolution data from the Hot Plasma Composition Analyzer on board the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft are used from its Mission Phase 1a. We analyze these new measurements of the relative changes in the He++/H+ density ratio across the boundary layers of the magnetopause for a restricted set of solar wind conditions. From this analysis, we conclude that, for southward IMF, the reflection coefficient has no dependence on mass.
Virtual Sources and Receivers in the Real Earth: Considerations for Practical Applications
Authors: Brackenhoff Joeri , Thorbecke Jan , Wapenaar Kees 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo enhance monitoring of the subsurface, virtual sources and receivers inside the subsurface can be created from seismic reflection data at the surface of the Earth using the Marchenko method. The response between these virtual sources and receivers can be obtained through the use of homogeneous Green's function retrieval. A homogeneous Green's function is a superposition of a Green's function and its time reversal. The main aim of this paper is to obtain accurate homogeneous Green's functions from field data. Classical homogeneous Green's function retrieval requires an unrealistic enclosing recording surface; however, by using a recently proposed single‐sided retrieval scheme, this requirement can be avoided. We first demonstrate the principles of using the single‐sided representation on synthetic data and show that different source signatures can be taken into account. Because the Marchenko method is sensitive to recording limitations of the reflection data, we study five cases of recording limitations with synthetic data and demonstrate their effects on the final result. Finally, the method is demonstrated on a preprocessed field data set that fulfills the requirements for applying the single‐sided Green's function retrieval scheme. The scheme has the potential to be used in future applications, such as source localization.
Tidal Flow Asymmetry and Discharge of Lateral Tributaries Drive the Evolution of a Microtidal Meander in the Venice Lagoon (Italy)
Authors: Finotello Alvise , Canestrelli Alberto , Carniello Luca , Ghinassi Massimiliano , D'Alpaos Andrea 
Published: November 2019

Tidal landscapes are extensively characterized by the presence of meandering channels, the latter being important for the ecomorphodynamic evolution of these environments. It remains unclear whether changes in the relative strength of maximum flood and ebb currents (i.e., tidal flow asymmetries), together with the widespread presence of lateral tributaries, cause tidal meanders to evolve differently from their fluvial relatives. Here, we investigate the evolution of a meandering channel in the Venice Lagoon (Italy) that receives water from two major tributaries along its outer bank. Using a 2‐D numerical model, we first analyze the changes in local tidal flow asymmetries, both natural and anthropogenically induced, which occurred during the last 120 years. The effects of these modifications on the meander morphodynamics are then investigated by means of a 3‐D numerical model, and results are compared to modern and historical field data spanning more than one century. We show that under asymmetric tidal flows, tidal meanders develop depositional patterns according to the dominant flow direction, similar to that of fluvial meanders. In addition, the morphological effects of the nondominant tidal flow become increasingly negligible as tidal flow asymmetry increases. We also show that enhanced sediment and water fluxes from major lateral tributaries, sourced from wind‐wave exposed tidal flats, can critically influence the development of erosional and depositional patterns within tidal meanders otherwise sheltered from wind action by the presence of salt marshes.
Which Orographic Scales Matter Most for Medium‐Range Forecast Skill in the Northern Hemisphere Winter?
Authors: Kanehama Takafumi , Sandu Irina , Beljaars Anton , van Niekerk Annelize , Lott François 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is generally accepted that increased horizontal resolution improves the representation of atmospheric circulation in global weather and climate models. Understanding which processes contribute toward this improvement can help to focus future model development efforts. In this study, a set of 10‐day global weather forecasts, performed with different atmospheric and orographic resolutions ranging from 180 to 9 km, are used to examine the impacts of resolving increasingly smaller orographic scales on the forecast skill of the Northern Hemisphere winter circulation. These experiments aim to answer two main questions: What is the relative contribution from increases in atmospheric versus orographic resolution to the overall improvement in the Northern Hemisphere winter medium‐range forecast skill obtained when increasing the horizontal resolution? and How do different orographic scales affect different scales of the atmospheric flow? For experiments in which the subgrid‐scale orography parametrizations are turned off, increases in orographic resolution are responsible for almost all of the increase in skill within the troposphere. In the stratosphere, higher atmospheric resolution also contributes to skill improvements, likely due to a better representation of gravity wave propagation and breaking. All scales of orography considered here are found to be important for the obtained changes in the circulation and appear to rapidly affect all considered scales of the flow. In experiments in which the subgrid‐scale orography parametrizations are turned on, the benefits of increasing the horizontal resolution decrease, but do not entirely disappear, suggesting that these parametrizations are not perfect substitutes for the unresolved orography.
Febuxostat, a Xanthine Oxidoreductase Inhibitor, Decreases NLRP3-dependent Inflammation in Macrophages by Activating the Purine Salvage Pathway and Restoring Cellular Bioenergetics
Authors: Nomura Johji , Kobayashi Tsunefumi , So Alexander , Busso Nathalie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–like receptor family, pyrin domain–containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mediates caspase-1 activation and IL-1β processing and is implicated in autoinflammatory as well as other chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibition attenuated IL-1β secretion in activated macrophages, but the detailed mechanism of inhibition remains unclear. In this study, we report that febuxostat, an inhibitor of XOR, suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion and cell death by two mechanisms: in a mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS)-dependent and mitoROS-independent manner. MitoROS-independent effects of febuxostat were mediated by an increase of intracellular ATP and improved mitochondrial energetics via the activation of purine salvage pathway. Our findings suggest that cellular bioenergetics are important in regulating NLRP3 activation, and XOR inhibition may be clinically relevant in NLRP3-related inflammatory diseases.
Inflection point in the power spectrum of stellar brightness variations
Authors: Shapiro A. I. , Amazo-Gómez E. M. , Krivova N. A. , Solanki S. K. 
Published: November 2019

Context. Considerable effort has gone into using light curves observed by such space telescopes as CoRoT, Kepler, and TESS for determining stellar rotation periods. While rotation periods of active stars can be reliably determined, the light curves of many older and less active stars, such as stars that are similar to the Sun, are quite irregular. This hampers the determination of their rotation periods.
Aims. We aim to examine the factors causing these irregularities in stellar brightness variations and to develop a method for determining rotation periods for low-activity stars with irregular light curves.
Methods. We extended the Spectral And Total Irradiance Reconstruction approach for modeling solar brightness variations to Sun-like stars. We calculated the power spectra of stellar brightness variations for various combinations of parameters that define the surface configuration and evolution of stellar magnetic features.
Results. The short lifetime of spots in comparison to the stellar rotation period, as well as the interplay between spot and facular contributions to brightness variations of stars with near solar activity, cause irregularities in their light curves. The power spectra of such stars often lack a peak associated with the rotation period. Nevertheless, the rotation period can still be determined by measuring the period where the concavity of the power spectrum plotted in the log–log scale changes its sign, that is, by identifying the position of the inflection point.
Conclusions. The inflection point of the (log–log) power spectrum is found to be a new diagnostic for stellar rotation periods which is shown to work even in cases where the power spectrum shows no peak at the rotation rate.
Learning from the Early Confucians
Authors: Stalnaker Aaron 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe concluding chapter addresses what contemporary people might learn from the early Confucians about the study’s themes. It argues that moral autonomy is the core of personal autonomy, and that both require training and support to exercise. Furthermore, we should learn to embrace many forms of our dependence on each other as not only inevitable but usually also healthy and good, if society is reasonably well ordered. This has important implications for education, welfare policy, jobs policy, and other areas of government action. A contemporary quasi-Confucian approach to these issues would likely argue for “sufficientarian” government that actively supports family life and work, rather than negative liberty alone. We should also rethink narrow conceptions of expertise, and recognize the sort of generalized human mastery or virtue (autonomy in a broad sense) that directs and makes possible specialized forms of expertise.
The emperor and the dissenters
Authors: Kahlos Maijastina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter discusses the imperial power discourse in relation to religious dissidents. Imperial authority was reinforced with the rhetoric of public welfare. The well-being of the empire was thought to be based on the maintenance of good relations with the divine. Consequently, religious unity and the correct form of religion were presented as a matter of state security, and the emperor was put forth as the guardian of the correct religion. In the Christian Empire, Christianity was considered the instrument that protected humankind, and it was the responsibility of the emperor to guarantee the correct interpretation of the nature of God. Thus, imperial power was intrinsically linked with the unity and harmony of Christianity. Accordingly, the very presence of religious dissident groups was taken as an offense to Christian unity and the emperors.
Rhetoric and realities of magic
Authors: Kahlos Maijastina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn Late Antiquity, the label of ‘magic’ functioned as a boundary marker between what was understood as the proper religion and the deviant one. It was used in marginalizing and alienating people. This chapter looks at the consequences that the label of magic had for group relations in Late Antiquity. Magic was a discursive category of social disapproval, and it proved to be a powerful cultural weapon against religious dissenters. Religious groups that fell outside the public religion were at risk of being charged with practising magic. In the Christian Empire, these fears were faced by adherents of pagan cults and deviant Christians. Even though there were probably not great numbers of criminal proceedings concerning magic, from time to time the label was employed against political and ecclesiastical rivals. Being suspected of magic was by no means a harmless affair.
Lessons Learned: How Studying Cochlear Implantation Reveals the Context in Which d/Deaf Identities Are Formed
Authors: Mauldin Laura 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With the exponential increase in the use of cochlear implants, much has been written about how cochlear implants may have changed deaf identities. Recent research documents a trend toward a more hearing-oriented identity with potential for positive psychological well-being. In this chapter, a hearing sociologist and ethnographic researcher highlights how the clinical context shapes both parental decision making about obtaining cochlear implants for their deaf children and the far-reaching influence that hearing-oriented systems have on this decision-making process for parents, deaf individuals, and deaf communities. The author describes the nature of these hearing-oriented systems and highlights issues related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status for cochlear-implanted children. The potential implications for these children are considered. There is a need for research that broadly examines the question of whether and how cochlear implants change the long history of narratives of finding one’s Deaf identity.
James Harrington
Authors: Hammersley Rachel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
James Harrington was a significant political and intellectual figure of the mid-seventeenth century, whose life and works embody the complex and contested web of political, religious and cultural ideas that lay at the heart of the English Revolution. His innovative constitutional proposals exercised a profound influence on political debate during that period and for at least two centuries thereafter, and his insights - particularly on democracy - remain relevant today. The complexity of Harrington’s thought has been under-appreciated by scholars in recent years due to the tendency to view him solely from the perspective of republicanism. While research into English republicanism has enriched accounts of seventeenth-century England and the history of political thought, it has also narrowed and obscured our perspective on Harrington. This book offers a broader account of Harrington’s life and work. It addresses Harrington’s contributions to the parliamentary cause and his role as the English agent of Charles I’s nephew, the Prince Elector Palatine. It takes seriously Harrington’s role as a literary figure and his engagement with historical, religious, scientific, and philosophical debates. It puts the case for Harrington as a radical political thinker, committed to democracy and social mobility. It also shows that in a variety of areas he deliberately pursued a middle path, or a balance, between different positions so as to promote reconciliation among a variety of groups. The broader view of Harrington offered here has implications both for our understanding of the seventeenth century and for the discipline of intellectual history.
Quantificational cycles and shifts
Authors: Moreno Mitrović 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe chapter reports an inter-genetic diachronic study of quantificational particles, drawing from Indo-European and Japonic and making a case for diachronic typological approach to the syntax/semantics/pragmatics of quantificational meanings motivating a treatment of unidirectional semi- or fully cyclical change. Empirically, the quantificational expressions under investigation conform to the bimorphemic expression that comprises a wh-stem and a quantification particle (dubbed ‘superparticle’), e.g. *kwe in Proto-IE, and mo in Old Japanese. The grammaticalization of scalar universal quantifiers into negative polarity items (NPIs) in the history of Japonic is presented using a single feature-system change. What is more, the same feature system is assumed to underlie the aetiology of the ‘quantifier split’ in Indo-European. Theoretically, to present the fully explanatory view of the quantificational shifts and cycles, a novel model of a syntactico-centric pragmatics of grammaticized implicatures (Chierchia et al., 2012; Chierchia, 2013) is assumed.
French negation, the Superset Principle, and Feature Conservation
Authors: De Clercq Karen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides a nanosyntactic account of negation in French, modelling the change from le bon usage French (BUF) to colloquial French (CF). It is argued that language change is driven by Feature Conservation: the lexical items involved in the expression of sentential negation may change over time, but the features needed remain stable. Furthermore, it is argued that the change from BUF to CF is economy-driven, resulting in bigger lexically stored trees, less spell-out-driven movements and a maximal operationalization of the Superset Principle. In addition, the account shows how negative concord and double negation can be explained as a natural consequence of the interplay of the internal structure of lexical trees and the Superset Principle. Finally, the chapter adds to theoretical discussions within nanosyntax by presenting how the interaction between syntactic movement and spell-out-driven movement may be conceived of.