bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent changes of atmospheric composition in background and urban Eurasian regions in XXI-th century
Authors: Rakitin V S , Skorokhod A I , Pankratova N V , Shtabkin Yu A , Rakitina A V , Wang G , Vasilieva A V , Makarova M V , Wang P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An analysis of the CO and CH4 total column (TC) as well as aerosol optical depth (AOD) data in background and urban Eurasian regions for different time-periods and seasons from 1998 to 2018 years is presented. Trend estimates based on long-term spectroscopic datasets of OIAP RAS for Moscow, Zvenigorod (ZSS, Moscow province), Beijing (joint site of OIAP RAS and IAP CAS) and NDACC stations located in Eurasia are compared between themselves and with similar assessments obtained from satellite data. The comparison of satellite and ground-based trend estimates was provided for the days of synchronous measurements only. Analysis results of the satellite observations of AIRS v6 of CO and CH4 TC and MODIS AOD data are confirmed by ground-based trend estimates. Significant decrease of anthropogenic CO in the megacities Moscow (2.9±0.6%/yr) and Beijing (1.2±0.2%/yr) for autumn months of 1998-2018 was found according to ground-based spectroscopic observations. In spite of total anthropogenic CO emission decrease (for Europe and China) and the decrease of wild-fires emissions in Central North Eurasia (0-90° E, 42-75° N) in 2008-2018 we found CO TC stabilization or even increasing for summer and autumn months of 2008-2018 in background regions of Northern Eurasia. Decrease of AOD over Central and Southern Europe as well as over China (1-5%/yr) was observed since 2007. Since 2007-2008 an increase in CH4 TC positive trend values over Northern Europe as well as for tropical belt of Eurasia was obtained.
Parameterization of turbulent exchange in the polar regions
Authors: Repina I A , Artamonov A A , Debolskiy A V , Pashkin A D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Sea ice plays a significant role in the Earth’s climate system. Significant changes are currently taking place in the sea ice cover area. The structure of sea ice also is changed. Based on field measurements, the paper shows the importance of taking into account the morphometric (structural) inhomogeneities of sea ice for modeling its interaction with the atmosphere. The dependence of the drag coefficient and the aerodynamic parameter of roughness on the surface structure is considered. The drag coefficient nonlinearly depends on the ice concentration, the relative area of the puddles, on the width and configuration of the leads, on the spatial location and height of the hummocks, as well as on the atmospheric stability. The parameterizations proposed in the paper can be used to calculate fluxes in weather and climate models.
Estimation of urban contribution into variability of the aerosol characteristics in the near-ground atmospheric layer in Tomsk region
Authors: Terpugova S A , Kozlov V S , Yausheva E P , Chernov D G , Polkin V V , Shmargunov V P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of monitoring the aerosol characteristics in the near-ground layer of the atmosphere at the Aerosol Station of the Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IOA SB RAS) located at the southeastern outskirts of city of Tomsk and in the background forest area (the Fonovaya Observatory, ∼ 70 km to southwest from Tomsk) in 2014 – 2018. The data were considered on the concentration of aerosol and absorbing substance (soot, black carbon) at two measurement points, as well as the hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles. The features of the annual behavior and interannual variability of the anthropogenic contribution of the city to the average values of aerosol characteristics are analyzed. A significant trend by 7% per year was revealed for an increase in the soot fraction of aerosol under urban conditions. The typical diurnal behavior of the aerosol and soot concentrations at the Aerosol station is characterized by an increase in these parameters at 21-23 hours local time compared to daytime hours. Also a significant decrease in the aerosol hygroscopicity is observed in evening under urban conditions.
Performance analysis of L-PPM modulated NLOS-VLC system with perfect and imperfect CSI
Authors: Dixit Vipul , Kumar Atul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Visible light communication (VLC) has evolved in the last few years as an alternative to radio frequency communication technology. In this paper, the performance analysis of pulse position modulated (PPM) VLC system is presented over non-line of sight (NLOS) channel. Specifically, an L-PPM modulated VLC system is considered in which the communication occurs through single-order reflected components as there is no existence of line of sight (LOS) link between transmitter and receiver. The reflection points on the walls of the room are randomly distributed. The Gaussian approximation is used to derive the bit-error-rate (BER) of the proposed VLC system with perfect and imperfect channel state information available at the receiver. For the given transmitting power, L-PPM modulated NLOS-VLC system, (L > 2), improves the system BER significantly than that of on-off keying modulated NLOS-VLC system. The error performance of the L-PPM modulated NLOS-VLC system is also compared with that of L-PPM modulated LOS-VLC system. For the parameters of interest, the error performance of L-PPM modulated NLOS-VLC system is observed.
A perspective on musical representations of folded protein nanostructures
Authors: Franjou Sebastian L , Milazzo Mario , Yu Chi-Hua , Buehler Markus J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Proteins are the building blocks of all life, creating materials as diverse as spider silk, cells, and hair, but also other countless functions from enzymes to drugs. Here we discuss a method to represent folded protein nanostructures as musical compositions. We explore different avenues of artistic creation, interpolating between human design, natural or evolutionary design, and designs from a deep recurrent network model that was trained against musical scores of known three-dimensional protein structures. Artistically, our work offers a new perspective on the limits of scientific understanding, and allows human players to interact with nanoscale phenomena, providing a tool for STEM outreach, and use of nanoscopic phenomena for artistic expression.
The Effects of Aesthetic Lasers on Three Study Materials Used for Ocular Protection
Authors: Wamsley Christine E , Hoopman John E , Kenkel Jeffrey M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
It is dangerous, although not uncommon, in some clinical settings for laser operators to place gauze underneath external patient protective eyewear when performing laser procedures.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate 4 lasers, commonly used for aesthetic facial procedures, on 3 materials commonly found in the clinical setting.

Methods
We performed tests with 4 lasers: the 2940-nm erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, the 532-nm potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser, the 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, and a Lumenis UltraPulse 10,600-nm carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. Their effects were evaluated on dry gauze pads, wet gauze pads, and adhesive external eye shields.

Results
When exposed to the 2940-nm Er:YAG and 10,600-nm CO2 lasers, dry gauze smoked on the first pulse and ignited on the second pulse, whereas no damage occurred to the wet gauze or adhesive eye shields after 8 and 4 pulses, respectively. No damage to any material or the underlying surface was seen after 30 pulses of the 532-nm KTP laser. After 2 pulses of the 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser, the adhesive eye shields sparked; dry gauze smoked after 1 pulse, but no damage to the underlying surface occurred after 30 pulses.

Conclusions
The results of our study highlight the inherent flammability of gauze when exposed to lasers commonly used to address aesthetic facial concerns. Although moistened gauze conveyed more protection than dry gauze, these results do not guarantee patient ocular safety. Therefore, we do not recommend the use of any gauze under protective eyewear.
Treefrogs adjust their acoustic signals in response to harmonics structure of intruder calls
Authors: Foratto Roseli Maria , Llusia Diego , Toledo Luís Felipe , Forti Lucas Rodriguez 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpectral properties of animal acoustic signals may help individuals to assess the characteristics of rivals and to adjust their competitive strategies in territorial disputes. Thus, we hypothesized that the distribution of energy across frequency bands in anuran calls determines behavioral responses in male–male competition. Using playback experiments, we investigated the relevance of the harmonic calls in the acoustic communication of the treefrog Dendropsophus minutus. We exposed territorial males to three synthetic acoustic stimuli composed of aggressive notes: 1) standard call (all harmonics and peak frequency corresponding to the second band); 2) inverted-energy call (all harmonics and peak frequency corresponding to the first band); and 3) concentrated-energy call (all energy contained in the second harmonic). Males responded aggressively to all stimuli, mainly by increasing the rate and duration of their aggressive notes. However, when exposed to stimuli with different harmonic configurations, males changed the harmonic structure of their own calls, emitting more A- and B-notes with peak power in the fundamental frequency, particularly when exposed to the concentrated-energy call. Our results suggest that male frogs may use the harmonic structure of calls to assess opponents and modulate territorial and aggressive behavior, triggering complex acoustic adjustments. This study contributes to our knowledge about the functions of acoustic traits in amphibian social interactions, and particularly of the presence of harmonics that has received less attention compared to other acoustic properties in the study of animal acoustic communication.
Exploration of natural compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activityviainhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro
Authors: Bharadwaj Shiv , Dubey Amit , Yadava Umesh , Mishra Sarad Kumar , Kang Sang Gu , Dwivedi Vivek Dhar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a dreaded pandemic in lack of specific therapeutic agent. SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, an essential factor in viral pathogenesis, is recognized as a prospective therapeutic target in drug discovery against SARS-CoV-2. To tackle this pandemic, Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs are being screened against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro via in silico and in vitro methods to detect the best conceivable drug candidates. However, identification of natural compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 Mpro potential have been recommended as rapid and effective alternative for anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic development. Thereof, a total of 653 natural compounds were identified against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro from NP-lib database at MTi-OpenScreen webserver using virtual screening approach. Subsequently, top four potential compounds, i.e. 2,3-Dihydroamentoflavone (ZINC000043552589), Podocarpusflavon-B (ZINC000003594862), Rutin (ZINC000003947429) and Quercimeritrin 6”-O-L-arabinopyranoside (ZINC000070691536), and co-crystallized N3 inhibitor as reference ligand were considered for stringent molecular docking after geometry optimization by DFT method. Each compound exhibited substantial docking energy &gt;−12 kcal/mol and molecular contacts with essential residues, including catalytic dyad (His41 and Cys145) and substrate binding residues, in the active pocket of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro against N3 inhibitor. The screened compounds were further scrutinized via absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion - toxicity (ADMET), quantum chemical calculations, combinatorial molecular simulations and hybrid QM/MM approaches. Convincingly, collected results support the potent compounds for druglikeness and strong binding affinity with the catalytic pocket of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Hence, selected compounds are advocated as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and can be utilized in drug development against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
OGG1 protects mouse spermatogonial stem cells from reactive oxygen species in culture†
Authors: Mori Yoshifumi , Ogonuki Narumi , Hasegawa Ayumi , Kanatsu-Shinohara Mito , Ogura Atsuo , Wang Yufeng , McCarrey John R , Shinohara Takashi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required for spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) self-renewal, they induce DNA damage and are harmful to SSCs. However, little is known about how SSCs protect their genome during self-renewal. Here, we report that Ogg1 is essential for SSC protection against ROS. While cultured SSCs exhibited homologous recombination-based DNA double-strand break repair at levels comparable with those in pluripotent stem cells, they were significantly more resistant to hydrogen peroxide than pluripotent stem cells or mouse embryonic fibroblasts, suggesting that they exhibit high levels of base excision repair (BER) activity. Consistent with this observation, cultured SSCs showed significantly lower levels of point mutations than somatic cells, and showed strong expression of BER-related genes. Functional screening revealed that Ogg1 depletion significantly impairs survival of cultured SSCs upon hydrogen peroxide exposure. Thus, our results suggest increased expression of BER-related genes, including Ogg1, protects SSCs from ROS-induced damage.
Concomitant transcatheter closure of post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect and inferior wall aneurysm: case report
Authors: Abuelatta Reda , Alrashidy Tarek , Taha Fatma , Naeim Hesham Abdo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The incidence of the post-infarct ventricular septal defect (VSD) is 0.17%. Surgical repair is the definitive treatment and percutaneous closure is an alternative in high-risk patients. We report a case of post-myocardial infarction inferior wall aneurysm associated with a large ventricular septal rupture, with a communication between the aneurysm and right ventricle. Successful percutaneous closure of both the aneurysm and the post-infarct (VSD) was performed using two Amplatzer septal occluder devices.

Case summary
A 76-year-old man was referred to the clinic 2 weeks after an inferior wall myocardial infarction. A harsh, pansystolic murmur was appreciated on his left parasternal area and across the pericardium. An echocardiogram demonstrated a large, true aneurysm in the mid-cavity inferior wall. The inferior septum was ruptured and dissected, with a large, left-to-right shunt. The patient’s coronary angiography revealed a multi-vessel disease. The patient was considered as high surgical risk and thus transcatheter closure of both the post-infarct VSD and inferior wall aneurysm was recommended. We crossed the VSD from the venous side. An Amplatzer septal occluder (18 mm) was deployed to close the VSD completely. We crossed the aneurysm mouth from the arterial side. Another Amplatzer septal occluder (26 mm) was deployed with the large disc inside the aneurysm, sealing it with no more flow. After discharge from the intensive care unit, the patient underwent complete revascularization for his right coronary artery, left main artery, proximal left anterior descending artery, and ramus intermedius. At his 3-month follow-up, the patient remained well with reasonable exercise tolerance.

Discussion
Percutaneous closure of a post-infarct VSD and aneurysm is an option for patients whose comorbidities preclude surgical repair and whose septal anatomy is favourable to device placement.
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction and statin intensity in myocardial infarction patients and major adverse outcomes: a Swedish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Schubert Jessica , Lindahl Bertil , Melhus Håkan , Renlund Henrik , Leosdottir Margrét , Yari Ali , Ueda Peter , James Stefan , Reading Stephanie R , Dluzniewski Paul J , Hamer Andrew W , Jernberg Tomas , Hagström Emil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Clinical trials have demonstrated that a reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduces cardiovascular (CV) events. This has, however, not yet been shown in a real-world setting. We aimed to investigate the association between LDL-C changes and statin intensity with prognosis after a myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods and results
Patients admitted with MI were followed for mortality and major CV events. Changes in LDL-C between the MI and a 6- to 10-week follow-up visit were analysed. The associations between quartiles of LDL-C change and statin intensity with outcomes were assessed using adjusted Cox regression analyses. A total of 40 607 patients were followed for a median of 3.78 years. The median change in LDL-C was a 1.20 mmol/L reduction. Patients with larger LDL-C reduction (1.85 mmol/L, 75th percentile) compared with a smaller reduction (0.36 mmol/L, 25th percentile) had lower hazard ratios (HR) for all outcomes (95% confidence interval): composite of CV mortality, MI, and ischaemic stroke 0.77 (0.70–0.84); all-cause mortality 0.71 (0.63–0.80); CV mortality 0.68 (0.57–0.81); MI 0.81 (0.73–0.91); ischaemic stroke 0.76 (0.62–0.93); heart failure hospitalization 0.73 (0.63–0.85), and coronary artery revascularization 0.86 (0.79–0.94). Patients with ≥50% LDL-C reduction using high-intensity statins at discharge had a lower incidence of all outcomes compared with those using a lower intensity statin.

Conclusions
Larger early LDL-C reduction and more intensive statin therapy after MI were associated with a reduced hazard of all CV outcomes and all-cause mortality. This supports clinical trial data suggesting that earlier lowering of LDL-C after an MI confers the greatest benefit.
Alarmin-activated B cells accelerate murine atherosclerosis after myocardial infarction via plasma cell-immunoglobulin-dependent mechanisms
Authors: Kyaw Tin , Loveland Paula , Kanellakis Peter , Cao Anh , Kallies Axel , Huang Alex L , Peter Karlheinz , Toh Ban-Hock , Bobik Alex 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims Myocardial infarction (MI) accelerates atherosclerosis and greatly increases the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events for many years, in particular, strokes and MIs. Because B cell-derived autoantibodies produced in response to MI also persist for years, we investigated the role of B cells in adaptive immune responses to MI.Methods and results We used an apolipoprotein-E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mouse model of MI-accelerated atherosclerosis to assess the importance of B cells. One week after inducing MI in atherosclerotic mice, we depleted B cells using an anti-CD20 antibody. This treatment prevented subsequent immunoglobulin G accumulation in plaques and MI-induced accelerated atherosclerosis. In gain of function experiments, we purified spleen B cells from mice 1 week after inducing MI and transferred these cells into atherosclerotic ApoE−/− mice, which greatly increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) accumulation in plaque and accelerated atherosclerosis. These B cells expressed many cytokines that promote humoural immunity and in addition, they formed germinal centres within the spleen where they differentiated into antibody-producing plasma cells. Specifically deleting Blimp-1 in B cells, the transcriptional regulator that drives their terminal differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells prevented MI-accelerated atherosclerosis. Alarmins released from infarcted hearts were responsible for activating B cells via toll-like receptors and deleting MyD88, the canonical adaptor protein for inflammatory signalling downstream of toll-like receptors, prevented B-cell activation and MI-accelerated atherosclerosis.Conclusion Our data implicate early B-cell activation and autoantibodies as a central cause for accelerated atherosclerosis post-MI and identifies novel therapeutic strategies towards preventing recurrent cardiovascular events such as MI and stroke.
Tailored communication methods as key to implementation of evidence-based solutions in primary child health care
Authors: Zdunek Kinga , Schröder-Bäck Peter , Alexander Denise , Vlasblom Eline , Kocken Paul , Rigby Michael , Blair Mitch 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Evidence-based policies should underpin successful implementation of innovations within child health care. The EU-funded Models of Child Health Appraised project enabled research into effective methods to communicate research evidence. The objective of this study was to identify and categorize methods to communicate evidence-based research recommendations and means to tailor this to stakeholder audiences.

Methods
We conducted an online survey among national stakeholders in child health. Analysis of the most effective strategies to communicate research evidence and reach the target audience was carried out in order to ensure implementation of optimal child health care models at a national level.

Results
Representatives of stakeholders from 21 of the then 30 EU MS and EEA countries responded to the questionnaire. Three main approaches in defining the strategies for effective communication of research recommendations were observed, namely: dissemination of information, involvement of stakeholders and active attitude towards change expressed in actions. The target audience for communicating recommendations was divided into two layers: proximal, which includes those who are remaining in close contact with the child, and distal, which contains those who are institutionally responsible for high quality of child health services. They should be recipients of evidence-based results communicated by different formats, such as scientific, administrative, popular and personal.

Conclusions
Influential stakeholders impact the process of effective research dissemination and guide necessary actions to strengthen the process of effective communication of recommendations. Communication of evidence-based results should be targeted to each audience’s profile, both professional and non-professionals, by adjusting appropriate communication formats.