bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
End‐expiratory lung volume assessment using helium and carbon dioxide in an experimental model of pediatric capnoperitoneum
Authors: Karlsson Jacob , Fodor Gergely H. , dos Santos Rocha Andre , Lin Na , Habre Walid , Wallin Mats , Hallbäck Magnus , Peták Ferenc , Lönnqvist Per‐Arne 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundCapnoperitoneum during laparoscopy leads to cranial shift of the diaphragm, loss in lung volume, and risk of impaired gas exchange. Infants are susceptible to these changes and bedside assessment of lung volume during laparoscopy might assist with optimizing the ventilation. Thus, the primary aim was to investigate the monitoring value of a continuous end‐expiratory lung volume (EELV) assessment method based on CO2 dynamics (

) in a pediatric capnoperitoneum model by evaluating the correlation and trending ability against helium washout (EELVHe).MethodsIntra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) was randomly varied between 0, 6, and 12 mm Hg with CO2 insufflation, while positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels of 3, 6, and 9 cm H2O were randomly applied in eight anesthetized and mechanically ventilated chinchilla rabbits. Concomitant

and EELVHe and lung clearance index (LCI) were obtained under each experimental condition.ResultsSignificant correlations were found between

and EELVHe before capnoperitoneum (r = .85, P < .001), although increased IAP distorted this relationship. The negative influence of IAP was counteracted by the application of PEEP 9, which restored the correlation between

and EELVHe and resulted in 100% concordance rate between the methods regarding changes in lung volume. EELVHe and LCI showed a curvilinear relationship, and an EELVHe of approximately 20 mL kg−1, determined with a receiver operating characteristic curve, was associated with near‐normal LCI values.ConclusionIn this animal model of pediatric capnoperitoneum, reliable assessment of changes in EELV based on

requires an open lung strategy, defined as EELV above approximately 20 mL kg−1.
Non‐surgical interdisciplinary management for an adult patient with a Class III malocclusion
Authors: Low CYS , Ong DC‐V , Freer E 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNon‐surgical camouflage orthodontic treatment can be effective for the management of carefully selected patients with mild to moderate Class III malocclusion. This case report demonstrates how a synergistic combination of camouflage orthodontic treatment and appropriate adjunctive restorative procedures can provide a pleasing treatment outcome for a patient with a significant skeletal Class III malocclusion and diminutive maxillary lateral incisors.
The association of pre‐operative anaemia with morbidity and mortality after emergency laparotomy
Authors: Boyd‐Carson H. , Shah A. , Sugavanam A. , Reid J. , Stanworth S. J. , Oliver C. M. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryPre‐operative anaemia is associated with poor outcomes after elective surgery but its relationship with outcomes after emergency surgery is unclear. We analysed National Emergency Laparotomy Audit data from 1 December 2013 to 30 November 2017, excluding laparotomy for haemorrhage. Anaemia was classified as ‘mild’ 129–110 g.l−1; ‘moderate’ 109–80 g.l−1; or ‘severe’ ≤ 79 g.l−1. The primary outcome was 90‐day mortality. Secondary outcomes were 30‐day mortality, return to theatre and postoperative hospital stay. The primary outcome was available for 86,763 patients, of whom 45,306 (52%) were anaemic. There were 12,667 (15%) deaths at 90 postoperative days and 9246 (11%) deaths at 30 postoperative days. Anaemia was associated with increased 90‐day and 30‐day mortality, odds ratio (95%CI): mild, 1.15 (1.09–1.21); moderate, 1.44 (1.36–1.52); and severe, 1.42 (1.24–1.63), p < 0.001 for all; mild, 1.07 (1.00–1.12), p = 0.030; moderate, 1.30 (1.21–1.38), p < 0.001; and severe, 1.22 (1.05–1.43), p = 0.010, respectively. All categories of anaemia were associated with prolonged hospital stay, adjusted coefficient (95%CI): mild, 1.31 (1.01–1.62); moderate, 3.41 (3.04–3.77); severe, 2.80 (1.83–3.77), p < 0.001 for all. Moderate and severe anaemia were associated with increased risk of return to the operating theatre, odds ratio (95%CI): moderate 1.13 (1.06–1.21), p < 0.001; and severe 1.23 (1.06–1.43), p = 0.006. Pre‐operative anaemia is common in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy and is associated with increased postoperative mortality and morbidity.
The Wee1 kinase inhibitor MK1775 suppresses cell growth, attenuates stemness and synergises with bortezomib in multiple myeloma
Authors: Liang Long , He Yanjuan , Wang Haiqin , Zhou Hui , Xiao Ling , Ye Mao , Kuang Yijin , Luo Saiqun , Zuo Yuna , Feng Peifu , Yang Chaoying , Cao Wenjie , Liu Taohua , Roy Mridul , Xiao Xiaojuan , Liu Jing 
Published: April 2020

SummaryMultiple myeloma stem‐like cells (MMSCs) are responsible for initiation and relapse, though novel treatment paradigms that effectively eradicate MMSCs are yet to be developed. Selective inhibition of the cell cycle regulatory kinase Wee1 by MK1775 is being explored as a potential anti‐cancer therapeutic. We report that higher expression of Wee1 is correlated with poor survival in multiple myeloma (MM). The MM models and patient‐derived CD138+ plasma cells are particularly sensitive to the growth‐inhibitory effects of the Wee1 inhibitor MK1775. MK1775 induces Mus81‐Eme1 endonuclease‐mediated DNA damage in S‐phase cell cycle that results in a blockade of replication and then apoptosis. Furthermore, MK1775 strongly suppresses the features of stemness in vitro, in vivo and in primary CD138+ cells by decreasing ALDH1+ cell fraction and the expression of ALDH1. In addition, co‐treatment of MK1775 with bortezomib is synergistic in vitro and in vivo. Bortezomib, although it enhances ALDH1+ cells, when combined with MK1775 abrogates this stimulatory effect on stemness. Considering MM as an invariably incurable malignancy due to the presence of heterogenic myeloma stem‐like cells, our study presents inhibition of Wee1 as a promising targeted therapy for MM and provides a compelling rationale to further investigate the activity of MK1775 against myeloma in clinical settings.
The prognostic effect of smoking status on intensively treated acute myeloid leukaemia – A Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kristensen Daniel , Nielsen Lars B. , Roug Anne S. , Kristensen Tove‐Christina C. , El‐Galaly Tarec C. , Nørgaard Jan M. , Marcher Claus W. , Schöllkopf Claudia , Theilgaard‐Mönch Kim , Severinsen Marianne T. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWith rising life expectancy, the importance of patient‐related prognostic factors and how to integrate such data into clinical decision‐making becomes increasingly important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of smoking status in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) treated with intensive chemotherapy. We conducted a nationwide cohort study based on data obtained from the Danish National Leukaemia Registry (DNLR). The study comprised Danish patients aged 18–75 years, diagnosed with AML between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2012. Medical records were reviewed and data on smoking status were collected. A total of 1040 patients (median age 59 years) were included, and 602 patients (58·9%) were categorised as ever‐smokers and the remaining as never‐smokers. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates revealed that ever‐smokers had a significant shorter median overall survival (OS) at 17·2 months [95% CI (14·9;19·1)] compared to never‐smokers at 24·5 months (95% CI [19·2;30·7]). Multivariate analysis revealed smoking status as a significant prognostic factor for inferior OS with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1·22 [95% CI (1·04;1·44)]. In conclusion, smoking status was found to be associated with inferior OS in intensively treated AML patients.
Squalene epoxidase‐induced cholesteryl ester accumulation promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma development by activating PI3K/AKT signaling
Authors: Li Liming , Zhang Qingfeng , Wang Xin , Li Yan , Xie Huifen , Chen Xiangdong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor and a major cause of mortality and morbidity in southern China. However, the mechanism is still elusive. Here, we focused on studying the role of squalene epoxidase (SQLE), a key enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, in the progression of NPC. Clinical study revealed that SQLE expression was significantly upregulated in NPC tissues compared to normal tissues from mRNA level and patients with high expression of SQLE showed a poor prognosis. In vitro experiments showed that SQLE overexpression led to a significant proliferation of cells whereas SQLE knockdown showed an opposite result. In vivo studies also showed that SQLE promoted tumor growth in nude mice. Further study revealed that SQLE promoted NPC proliferation by cholesteryl ester accumulation instead of cholesterol. Mechanism studies indicated that cholesteryl ester promoted NPC cell proliferation by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibition of this pathway in SQLE‐overexpressed or cholesteryl ester‐treated cells resulted in a significant reduction of NPC cell proliferation. These results indicate that the oncogenic effect of SQLE in NPC mainly resulted from cholesteryl ester accumulation and PI3K/AKT is a promising target for NPC with SQLE overexpression.
Downregulation of α‐l‐fucosidase 1 suppresses glioma progression by enhancing autophagy and inhibiting macrophage infiltration
Authors: Xu Lixia , Li Zhenwei , Song Sirong , Chen Qian , Mo Lidong , Wang Chen , Fan Weijia , Yan Yan , Tong Xiaoguang , Yan Hua 
Published: April 2020

Abstractα‐l‐Fucosidase 1 (FUCA1), a lysosomal enzyme that catalyses the hydrolytic cleavage of the terminal fucose residue, has been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. However, the clinical significance and biological roles of FUCA1 in glioma remain largely unknown. We analyzed FUCA1 expression according to data in Oncomine, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases and further verified FUCA1 expression with immunohistochemistry and real‐time PCR analysis in glioma tissues. The results showed that FUCA1 overexpression was significantly associated with high‐grade glioma as well as high mortality rates in the survival analysis. Data analyzed in cBioPortal showed that alterations in FUCA1 (1.4%) were correlated with worse survival in glioblastoma multiforme patients. Functional experiments showed that downregulation of FUCA1 suppressed glioma growth in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of FUCA1 had the opposite effects on glioma. Mechanistically, transient inhibition of FUCA1 promoted the formation of large acidic vacuoles, as revealed by staining with acridine orange, increased the ratio of LC3‐B/LC3‐A, and modified the expression of Beclin‐1 and Atg12, which are autophagic markers. Upregulation of FUCA1 attenuated starvation‐induced autophagy in glioma. In addition, lower levels of tumor‐infiltrating macrophages, including CD68+ (−30%), F4/80+ (−50%), and CD11c+ macrophages (−50%), were identified in FUCA1‐downregulated glioma tissues, and CCL2/CCL5 neutralizing Abs blocked this effect. These results show that FUCA1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with glioma by enhancing autophagy and inhibiting macrophage infiltration.
Refractive outcomes, corneal haze and endothelial cell loss after myopic photorefractive keratectomy in an Asian population: The Singapore Armed Forces' experience
Authors: Ang Bryan Chin Hou , Yap Sae Cheong , Toh Zhi Hong , Lim Edmund Wei Long , Tan Mellisa Mei Hui , Nah Gerard Kwang Ming , Zhao Paul Song Bo , Tan Marcus Chiang Lee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImportanceThis study reports outcomes of myopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in a mainly ethnic Chinese population in Singapore.BackgroundTo assess the incidence and associations of corneal haze and endothelial cell count (ECC) loss up to 12 months after PRK.DesignThis was a retrospective case series conducted in a tertiary eye centre.ParticipantsA total of 158 patients (309 eyes) with a mean age of 22.1 ± 3.4 years were included. The majority was Chinese (97.4%) and male (97.4%). Mean preoperative spherical equivalent was −3.33 ± 1.15 D.MethodsEyes were categorized based on postoperative haze severity. A multivariate analysis adjusting for age and use of intraoperative mitomycin‐C (MMC), preoperative sphere and cylinder was performed.Main outcome measuresRefractive outcomes and corneal haze 3 and 12 months after PRK were assessed. ECC measurements were obtained before PRK and at variable periods postoperatively.ResultsAt 12 months, overall efficacy index was 0.98, and safety index was 1.09. Eight (2.5%) eyes underwent enhancement surgery. An analysis was performed on 295 eyes that did not undergo enhancement and had complete clinical data, which demonstrated a decrease in the incidence of haze from 38.2% at 3 months to 9.3% at 12 months. Higher myopia was associated with increased haze severity at 3 months (OR, 1.36; P = .005). Higher astigmatism was associated with increased haze severity at 3 (OR, 1.65; P = .018) and 12 months (OR, 2.32; P = .015). Intraoperative MMC was not associated with haze severity or ECC loss.Conclusions and relevanceMyopia and astigmatism were associated with increased corneal haze severity. Intraoperative MMC did not accelerate ECC loss. Overall, PRK is effective, predictable and safe in Asian eyes.
Loneliness among people with substance use problems: A narrative systematic review
Authors: Ingram Isabella , Kelly Peter J. , Deane Frank P. , Baker Amanda L. , Goh Melvin C. W. , Raftery Dayle K. , Dingle Genevieve A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIssuesDespite the serious implications of loneliness on health and wellbeing, little is understood about this experience across people with substance use problems. This systematic review aimed to examine: (i) correlates and predictors of loneliness; (ii) theories underpinning loneliness; (iii) methods employed to measure loneliness; and (iv) loneliness interventions for people with substance use problems.ApproachEmpirical sources were identified from key databases for all publications preceding February 2019. Overall, 41 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review.Key FindingsFindings from this review suggest that loneliness is related to poor physical and mental health, substance use, the quality of relationships, stigma and perception of ill treatment by others. Although cognitive theories have proposed cognitive patterns underlying the onset and maintenance of loneliness, they had not been investigated in relation to measurement or intervention efforts. Just one loneliness measure (UCLA Loneliness Scale) is valid for use with this population. Finally, only a single loneliness intervention had been trialled and was not found to be efficacious in reducing loneliness for people with substance use problems.ImplicationsUnderstanding possible links between loneliness and substance use and how to alleviate loneliness is important for this population in terms of their wellbeing and recovery.ConclusionLoneliness is prevalent and experienced as problematic among people with substance use problems. Future research should focus on employing longitudinal designs, using validated, multidimensional measures of loneliness and on developing and trialling loneliness interventions that meet the specific needs of people with substance use problems.
Psychosocial and behavioural prognostic factors for diabetic foot ulcer development and healing: a systematic review
Authors: Westby M. , Norman G. , Vedhara K. , Game F. , Cullum N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate whether ulceration, amputation and healing of foot ulcers in people living with diabetes are associated with psychosocial and behavioural factors.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL and The Cochrane Library to March 2019 for longitudinal studies with multivariable analyses investigating independent associations. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias.ResultsWe identified 15 eligible studies involving over 12 000 participants. Clinical and methodological heterogeneity precluded meta‐analysis, so we summarize narratively. Risk of bias was moderate or high. For ulceration, we found significantly different results for people with and without an ulcer history. For those with no ulcer history, moderate quality evidence suggests depression increases ulcer risk [three studies; e.g. hazard ratio (HR) 1.68 (1.20, 2.35) per Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) standard unit]. Better foot self‐care behaviour reduces ulcer risk [HR 0.61 (0.40, 0.93) per Summary of Diabetes Self‐Care Activities scale standard unit; one study]. For people with diabetes and previous ulcers, low‐ or very low‐quality evidence suggests little discernible association between ulcer recurrence and depression [e.g. HR 0.88 (0.61, 1.27) per HADS standard unit], foot self‐care, footwear adherence or exercise.Low‐quality evidence suggests incomplete clinic attendance is strongly associated with amputation [odds ratio (OR) 3.84 (1.54, 9.52); one study]. Evidence for the effects of other psychosocial or behavioural factors on ulcer healing and amputation is very low quality and inconclusive.ConclusionsPsychosocial and behavioural factors may influence the development of first ulcers. More high quality research is needed on ulcer recurrence and healing. (Open Science Framework Registration: https://osf.io/ej689)
Six‐year history of intermittent symptomatic bilateral vertebral artery stenosis: Imaging and therapeutic intervention
Authors: Kerut Christian K. , Sheahan Claudie , Sheahan Malachi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA 66‐year‐old man was evaluated for a 6‐year history of disabling symptoms of typical intermittent vertebrobasilar (VB) insufficiency. Duplex scanning was “normal,” but computed tomographic angiography (CTA) revealed significant bilateral proximal vertebral artery (VA) disease. Angiography with stent placement with the proximal right VA resulted in resolution of symptoms. Symptoms of VB insufficiency may occur from bilateral VA disease, most often involving both proximal segments. Duplex ultrasound has high specificity but relatively low sensitivity for finding hemodynamically significant VA disease. Further imaging with CTA or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) will help in identification of disease. As with this patient, invasive angiography with percutaneous stenting of the most significantly stenosed VA often results in resolution of symptoms of VB insufficiency.
Independence of coronary artery disease to subclinical left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Venkataraman Prasanna , Wright Leah , Huynh Quan , Marwick Thomas H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveEpicardial atherosclerosis and heart failure while distinct clinical entities share common pathophysiological features including endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Presence of subclinical disease could lead to early diagnosis and intervention in the other. The aim of our study was to assess the association between coronary calcium score (CCS), conventional cardiovascular risk factors, and echocardiographic markers of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction (S‐LVD).MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐nine participants aged 40–70 years with intermediate risk of coronary artery disease (5‐year risk of 2%–15%) were identified. Computed tomography (CT) CCS and 2‐D transthoracic echocardiography were performed. Main outcomes included presence of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction defined by reduced average global longitudinal strain, left atrial volume enlargement, and elevated E/e’.ResultsFifteen participants had evidence of subclinical LV dysfunction (8 with systolic dysfunction and 7 with diastolic dysfunction) and 85 participants had CCS > 0. CCS > 0 was present in 10 participants with S‐LVD compared to 75 participants without S‐LVD (67% vs 53%, P = .47). There was no significant difference between in mean GLS (19.2 vs 19.5, P = .14), E/e’ (7.2 vs 7.5 P = .33) in those without or with coronary artery calcium. Elevated CCS was also not associated with a higher tertiles of indexed LV mass (OR 1.15, P = .49) or index left atrial volume (OR 1.15, P = .49).ConclusionsIn an asymptomatic, low‐intermediate‐risk group, mechanistic processes that lead to atherosclerosis are not directly associated with subclinical LV dysfunction.
Evolution and genetics of bighead and silver carps: Native population conservation versus invasive species control
Authors: Lu Guoqing , Wang Chenghui , Zhao Jinliang , Liao Xiaolin , Wang Jun , Luo Mingkun , Zhu Lifeng , Bernatzhez Louis , Li Sifa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix), collectively called bigheaded carps, are cyprinids native mainly to China and have been introduced to over 70 countries. Paleontological and molecular phylogenetic analyses demonstrate bighead and silver carps originated from the Yangtze‐Huanghe River basins and modern populations may have derived from the secondary contact of geographically isolated fish during the last glacial events. Significant genetic differences are found among populations of native rivers (Yangtze, Pearl, and Amur) as well as introduced/invasive environments (Mississippi R., USA and Danube R., Hungary), suggesting genetic backgrounds and ecological selection may play a role in population differentiation. Population divergence of bighead carp or silver carp has occurred within their native rivers, whereas, within the Mississippi River Basin (MRB)—an introduced region, such genetic differentiation is likely taking place at least in silver carp. Interspecific hybridization between silver and bighead carps is rare within their native regions; however, extensive hybridization is observed in the MRB, which could be contributed by a shift to a more homogenous environment that lacks reproductive isolation barriers for the restriction of gene flow between species. The wild populations of native bighead and silver carps have experienced dramatic declines; in contrast, the introduced bigheaded carps overpopulate the MRB and are considered two invasive species, which strongly suggests fishing capacity (overfishing and underfishing) be a decisive factor for fishery resource exploitation and management. This review provides not only a global perspective of evolutionary history and population divergence of bigheaded carps but also a forum that calls for international research collaborations to deal with critical issues related to native population conservation and invasive species control.