bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue tRNA‐Derived Fragments (tRFs) as Potential Candidates Correlate with Invasiveness in Colorectal Carcinomas
Authors: sahlolbei maryam , Fattahi Fahimeh , Vafaei Somayeh , Rajabzadeh Rezvan , Madjd Zahra , Kiani Jafar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC), which is one of lethal and invasive cancer with metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Despite, advanced therapy and surgical techniques, Patients with metastases CRC have a poor survival rate. Enhanced predictive biomarkers such as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are needed at the time of diagnosis to better therapies. The tRNA- derived fragments (tRF) are non-protein-coding sequences that probably function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, tRFs produced under physiological or stress conditions from enzymatically cleavage in tRNAs.
Methods

Documenting the tRNA-derived fragments (tRF) in colorectal cancer and showed that it is significantly down-regulated in colorectal tissue tumors compared to normal tissue samples. Since data distribution was not normal, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation coefficient tests were used for analysis.
Results

Among several tRF, quantitative real-time PCR analyses declared that tRF/miR-1280, tRNA-derived fragment-Asp, tRNA-derived fragment-Val down-regulated in CRC. Notably, its expression was correlated with invasive stage and metastases (p < 0.05).
Conclusions

This research can elucidate the association between tRFs with the invasion stage and CRC clinical pathology, our results not only expand better understanding about tRNA-derived fragments species in CRC but also highlight the potential usages of tRFs as a promising biomarker in the prognosis of metastatic cancer.
Myelination of Cingulate Fasciculus on T2-Weighted MR Images
Authors: AYGUN MURAT SERHAT , Guneyli Serkan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: To observe the myelination process of cingulate fasciculus (CF) by using T2 W images and use this data for myelination assessment of newborns.Materials and Methods: This research retrospectively analyzed 842 patients under 16 months which underwent MRI examination for any reason and focused on the 102 babies which diagnosed as normal after two years follow-up. Myelination of CF was categorized to seven stages (stage 0 to stage 6) in all cases; than this data was analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of determining physiological myelination age. Results: We find some cut-off months correlates with the patient myelination process. Myelination of CF mainly started at 4th month and must be observed before 5th month. In the 6th month CFs must be thickened; and at the 8th month, some subcortical branches should be seen adjacent to CF. Anterior or posterior portions of CF should be seen before 10th month. Although stage 5 and 6 may differ between patients, any of this stage should be seen before 12th month.Conclusion: Our study suggests that T2 myelination of CF is efficient method in evaluating myelination process between 4th and 12th months-age.
Recurrence in node-negative advanced gastric cancer with novel clinical and pathologic findings
Authors: Chen Shangqi , Hu Can , Xu Zhiyuan , Yu Jianfa , Wang Xiaofeng , Lv Hang , Wei Shenyu , Shi Chengwei , Cheng Xiangdong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Node-negative gastric cancer patients carry a better prognosis than node-positive. However, a subset of these patients eventually died due to the high recurrence rate of recurrence. This study investigated the clinic-pathologic factors for recurrent patterns and prognosis.
Methods

The detailed medical records of 947 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy from the prospectively collected database of the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University From January 2012 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.
Results

Tumor size, tumor invasion, histological grading were the predictive factors for locoregional recurrence. Tumor invasion, histological grading, Lauren type and lymphatic vessel invasion resulted significantly in predicting peritoneal recurrence. Two parameters, tumor invasion and lymphatic vessel invasion, were significantly associated with hematogenous spread. The combinatorial biomarker of positive for both Ki67 and P53 was significantly associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P = 0.037). Histological grading (P = 0.020), tumor invasion (P = 0.007) and lymphatic vessel invasion (P = 0.012) were independent factors related to overall survival (OS) in node-negative advanced gastric cancer patients.
Conclusion

The reported clinicopathologic factors for different recurrence patterns and the prognostic factors of RFS and OS should be considered to guide clinicians choose appropriate postoperative treatment strategy and construct individual follow-up schedule to improve prognosis of node-negative gastric cancer.
Urinary orosomucoid and retinol binding protein levels as early diagnostic markers for diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Zhou Xue-hong , Liu Shu-yan , Feng Lin , Yang Bo , Li Yong-feng , Wang Xiao-qing , Chen Jie , Wang Hui-hui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background:Diagnosing diabetic nephropathy is important to prevent long-term kidney damage and determine the prognosis of patients with diabetes. Since some kidney injury biomarkers increase in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy, this study investigated the clinical significance of combined detection of urine orosomucoid and retinol binding protein for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.Methods:We recruited 72 patients with type 2 diabetes and 34 healthy persons from August 2016 to July 2018 at our hospital. Using Mogensen grading criteria, participants were classified as diabetes or diabetic nephropathy, and healthy persons constituted the control group. Urine orosomucoid and retinol binding protein were measured and correlated with other variables.Results:Increase in renal damage raised urinary orosomucoid level gradually (P < 0.05). Urinary retinol binding protein and microalbumin levels were significantly higher in the diabetes group than in control and nephropathy groups. Orosomucoid and retinol binding protein might be independent risk factors for diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Urinary orosomucoid significantly correlated with retinol binding protein and microalbumin (r = 0.489 and 0.513, respectively) in the diabetic nephropathy group. The receiver operating characteristic curve yielded a sensitivity, specificity, and correction index of 0.941, 0.842, and 0.783, respectively, while analysis for retinol binding protein yielded a sensitivity of 0.942, specificity of 1.000, and a correction index of 0.941.Conclusion:The increase in the levels of urine orosomucoid and retinol binding protein can be detected in the early stages of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Both these markers are important for diabetic nephropathy detection and early treatment.
Changes in prevalence and causes of visual impairment and cataract surgical coverage in Nampula, Mozambique between 2011 and 2018: findings from two cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Jolley Emma , Cumaio Mércia , Vilanculos Anselmo , Hassan Izidine , Kimani Kahaki , Ogundimu Kolawole , Schmidt Elena 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Globally, there are few examples of repeated eye health surveys to assess changes in prevalence and causes of visual impairment, and service coverage over time. Two separate, unlinked rapid assessments of avoidable blindness (RAAB) were conducted in Nampula province, Mozambique in 2011 and 2018. This paper reports the observed changes and examines how the trends differ for males and females.
Methods

Standard RAAB methodology was used in both studies. Two-stage cluster sampling was used to generate random samples of adults aged over 50 years. Participants underwent a simplified visual acuity exam focusing on presenting and pinhole visual acuity (VA), a lens exam and posterior segment exam using a direct ophthalmoscope for all subjects with presenting VA < 6/18. Data were analysed using Stata and logistic regression models were developed to assess changes.
Results

The 2011 study enrolled 3,050 people and examined 96.9% (2,954 people). The 2018 survey enrolled 4,191 people and examined 95.8% (4,015 people). Age and sex adjusted estimates of blindness decreased from 6.2% in 2011 to 4.5% in 2018 (z=-2.21, p = 0.028), severe visual impairment remained the same (2.6% in 2011 and 2.7% in 2018, z = 0.1, p = 0.9) and moderate visual impairment increased (5.9% in 2011 to 11.0% in 2018, z = 5.78, p < 0.001). Cataract surgical coverage was higher among males in both surveys (13.4% among males vs 7.7% among females in 2011, and 40.0% among males vs 19.4% among females in 2018) and the gender disparity grew between surveys.
Conclusions

Significant changes were observed in the eye health and service coverage between 2011 and 2018. An increase in the proportion of good visual acuity among operated eyes between the surveys is of note and may correspond with improvements made to the services provided in the province. Further improvements to services are required to improve access for women and people with moderate visual impairment.
Social-Economic Burden of Patients with Bloodstream Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia Coli
Authors: Wang Yuan , Xiao Tingting , Zhu Yunying , Ye Jing , Yang Kai , Luo Qixia , Shen Ping , xiao yonghong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of infections with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) is increasing worldwide, but the economic impact of ESBL-EC bloodstream infections (BSI) has not been comprehensively evaluated.Methods: A retrospective cohort including patients hospitalized at a tertiary hospital between January 2013 and December 2016 who confirmed with BSI of ESBL-EC or non-ESBL-EC was set. Clinical data and medical costs were collected by chart review of electronic and paper medical records. The socio-economic burden was evaluated with DALYs.Results: A total of 580 patients with E. coli BSI, comprising 333 patients (57.4%) with ESBL-EC BSI and 247 patients (42.6%) with non-ESBL-EC BSI, were identified. There were no significant differences in comorbidity and severity of patients between ESBL-EC and non-ESBL-EC BSIs. The median length of stay (LOS) after bacteremia was 12 days for ESBL-EC(interquartile range, 7 to 21), versus 11 days for non-ESBL-EC (interquartile range, 7 to 21) (P =0.38), and appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy occurred in 87.4% versus 89.9% (P =0.353). The mortalities were 20.1% versus 17.4% (P =0.41). Patients with ESBL-EC did not have significant difference in-hospital medical costs than those with non-ESBL-EC (median, $8048.68 vs $7476.84, respectively,with a difference of $571.84,P=0.321). In non-ESBL-EC group, 247 patients lost 531.05 DALYs in total, with an average of 2.15 DALYs per person,while in ESBL-EC group, 333 patients lost 692.64 DALYs in total, with an average of 2.08 DALYs per person. There is no significant difference in average DALY(P=0.343).Conclusions: In conclusion, patients with BSI due to ESBL-EC did not cost more than patients with BSI due to non-ESBL-EC. This phenomenon may be attributed to timely and effective antibiotic treatment，but the intitial empiric thrapy with second or third line antibitoics in non-ESBL-EC BSI should be corrected.
WITHDRAWN: Performance Modelling of the Regenerative Blower for Air Supply of a SOFC System with Random Forest and Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Zhao Jiarong , Wu Xin , Xiong Xingyu , Qian Xiangchen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Air starvation is a serious hazard during the operation of asolid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system. So, an accurate performance model of the air supply system is needed for the control of air flow rate and the reduction of air starvation. The performance modelling of a regenerative blower, which is used for the air supply ofa 5 kW SOFC system during power generation,is proposed based on the methods of random forest(RF) and Bayesian Optimization (BO).The performance model is first built through the RF method. The BO algorithm is then used to adjust the hyper-parameters of the model.The developed model can predict the outlet air flow rate through the operationdata of regenerative blower, i.e.the rotation speed of impeller, the inlet and outlet pressure, temperature and humidity, without specific geometrical parameters. A series of operation data obtained from an experimental test rig are adopted to train and validate the presented method. Finally, the prediction performance of the developed algorithm is compared with different machine learning methods, such asdecision tree regression, deep neural network.Results show thatthe proposed methodcanpredictthe outlet air flow rate under differentworking conditions with minimumprediction errors within 3.5% andacceptable computational cost. Therefore, the developedalgorithmis promising for performance modelling of the blower, which can be used to predict the outlet flow rate and control the air supply system at SOFC in our next research.
Mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury Based on UHPLC/Q-TOF MS-Based Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Shi Xuan , Chen Yuanli , Zhang Yiguo , Jin Xiaohong , Zhou Huanping , Wei Juan , Feng Di , Zhang Qingqing , Gu Yang , Zhang Pengcheng , Lv Xin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI), a high morbidity and mortality disease, still has no effective therapies. 1,25(OH)2D3 is one of the indispensable nutrients in our body. The regulation mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 in inflammation has been recognized gradually. Network pharmacology was used wildly to broaden the understanding of diseases and advance drug discovery. In this study, we used network pharmacology and metabolomics to generate the potential mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 on acute lung injury.Methods: We used metabolomics and network pharmacology to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 on acute lung injury. Serum samples, collected from mice with LPS-induced acute lung injury, were detected by UHPLC/Q-TOF MS to evaluate the differential metabolites from multiple metabolic pathways. Meanwhile, the H＆E staining, ELISA and QPCR were used to estimate the efficacy of 1,25(OH)2D3 on acute lung injury. Results: The results of animal experiments showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 could mitigate severe pulmonary edema and inflammatory infiltration caused by LPS, and the treatment of 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines, interacted 25 related proteins and TNF signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Conclusions: The integrated methods coupled with UHPLC/Q-TOF MS and network pharmacology provided a new way to study the potential mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 on acute lung injury, which may provide a possible solution for patients with clinical acute lung injury.
Health City and Fair Treatment: Medical Treatment Behaviour of the Elderly Population in Shanghai
Authors: YANG Shangguang , WANG Danyang , Li Chen , Wang Chunlan , Wang Mark 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Issues related to the satisfaction of the elderly population towards health and medical services have become an increasing social concern in China, under the influence of individuals, medical institutions and social factors, the structural contradictions of the elderly population’s demand in terms of medical and health services are very prominent. This study seeks to assist in the resolution of issues faced by the elderly when dealing with their medical needs and improve the quality of medical services in megacities in China.Methods: This study analyses the difference in behaviour of the elderly towards medical treatment in Shanghai based on 625 questionnaires. The investigation mainly includes five parts: personal information, health status, elderly person’s medical preference and expectation, satisfaction towards hospitals and medical services, and medical insurance mode and the level of success from use. The study uses Multinomial logistic regression to investigate the influencing factors.Results: To the elderly group in Shanghai, their medical treatment behaviors based on rational choices around price, demand and supply of medical services. The stratification of medical services based on the economic and social characteristics of the elderly population is obvious. Overall, our results show that, firstly, factors such as age, marriage status, relationship, residential location and medical treatment distance have great impacts on the elderly population’s medical treatment choices. Secondly, Chinese elderly people rely heavily on family support. Thirdly, medical treatment behaviour has a distance friction effect: the closer to hospital, the stronger the tendency to choose. Fourthly, Shanghai and other big Chinese cities are in the stage of population suburbanization, but the allocation of public service resources, such as medical, health and education, still presents a strong centripetal agglomeration in space.Conclusions: The study further contributes to public resource distribution and justice between different groups of people in the context of social stratification. while strengthening the reform of medical marketization and improving the efficiency of supply of scarce medical products, the Chinese government should also strengthen the reform of system design and strengthen the total supply and structural balance of geriatric care, especially the weak geriatric products.
Time for Punishment with Subjectivity: Study Philosophy of Law
Authors: Sulistyawan Aditya Yuli 
Published: July 2020

<p class="IABSSS">The dominance of legal positivism in thought and law enforcement is a reality. Saintism of legal science presents a law that is conceptualized as something that exists in sensory terms, along with its straightforward, rational, and objective nature. Law is always requested objectively. Objectivity is done by freeing the subject's mind to the legal reality that already exists as an object. Therefore, various legal cases such as the case of Asyani, Rasminah, Minah and others, are things that are easily proven as violating the law because it is a violation of the text of the article of law. Such a way of law, is now starting to become a public concern. So, when objectivity begins to be questioned, that's when the real subjectivity of asking begins to be considered - and this will be explained [only] in the study of legal philosophy, especially paradigmatic studies. This paper will discuss the possibility of subjectivity in law, which will be presented in the paradigmatic study.</p>
Scenario Forecasts of Population Dynamics in Some Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Zinkina Yu. V. , Shulgin S. G. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose. In Sub-Saharan Africa, UN demographers expect the population to nearly double over the next 30 years (2020–2050), increasing by more than 1 billion people. Demographic changes of such speed and scale will undoubtedly have global implications. The purpose of the work is to calculate a number of scenarios of the demographic future for some countries of the region, taking into account specific features and events of African recent demographic history (in contrast to the UN forecasts). We also aim to assess the difference between various scenarios for each country and the attainability of the “optimistic” scenario.Materials and methods. We develop scenario forecasts for population dynamics in a number of African countries. In all scenarios, mortality dynamics corresponds to the “medium” UN forecast. For the birth rate dynamics, two scenarios were simulated: the optimistic one (birth rate goes from current rates to 2.1 children per woman in 20 years, which was observed in Iran; Rwanda and Ethiopia are more or less close to this scenario) and the inertial one (for countries where birth rate declined in 2005–2015, this decline was simulated to continue at the same rate; for countries where birth rate “froze”, two options were modeled; both projected birth rate decline at 0.1 child per woman annually, either starting immediately or after another 10 years).The results show that all scenarios, even the “optimistic” one, forecast a huge population increase in all countries considered (Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia) over the next 30 years. Slow birth rate decline (or prolonged “stagnation” at high levels) parallel to successful mortality reduction (especially in infants and children) accumulated enormous demographic inertia in many countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (to calculate its scope, an additional “provisional” scenario was calculated in the work). The difference between the “inertial” and the “optimistic” reaches the size or even sometimes exceeds the current population of the country. This underlines the importance of the governments’ efforts to curb population growth. Ethiopia proves such efforts.Conclusion. Only in Ethiopia the “inertial” and “optimistic” scenarios almost coincide thanks to demographic growth-reducing efforts undertaken there since the early 1990s; thus, in 2005–2015 the birth rate decreased by 1.3 children per woman. This proves that achieving an “optimistic” scenario is possible in African countries, although with considerable and concentrated efforts.
Microbiome in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways
Authors: Hayati Nurani , Panjaitan Caesary Cloudya , Sandra Ferry 
Published: July 2020

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is part of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma which is the ultimate cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer. The alteration of microbial community in the saliva might act as a helpful marker for the prediction, detection and prognosis oral cancer, particularly the transition of cancer precursor lesion. There are three mechanisms of action of oral microbiota in cancer pathogenesis, chronic inflammation of bacterial stimulation, carcinogenesis by cytoskeletal rearrangements, and carcinogenic substances that produced by microorganisms. Changes in the composition of microbiota could therefore have the potential to be used as a significant oral biomarker to predict the pathological transition from oral epithelial precursor lesion to cancer.Keywords: microbiome, oral cancer cellular proliferation, microorganism, oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma
Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities of 2-phenoxy(thiomethyl) pyridotriazolopyrimidines: In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Abuelizz Hatem A. , Anouar El Hassane , Marzouk Mohamed , Hasan Mizaton H. , Saleh Siti R. , Ahudhaif Adi , Alburikan Khalid A. , Al-Salahi Rashad 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The use of tyrosinase has confirmed to be the best means of recognizing safe, effective,
and potent tyrosinase inhibitors for whitening skin. Twenty-four 2-phenoxy(thiomethyl)pyridotriazolopyrimidines
were synthesized and characterized in our previous studies.

Objective:
The present work aimed to evaluate their cytotoxicity against HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma),
A549 (pulmonary adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and WRL 68 (embryonic liver) cell lines.

Methods:
MTT assay was employed to investigate the cytotoxicity, and a tyrosinase inhibitor screening kit was
used to evaluate the Tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitory activity of the targets.

Results:
The tested compounds exhibited no considerable cytotoxicity, and nine of them were selected for
a tyrosinase inhibitory test. Compounds 2b, 2m, and 5a showed good inhibitory percentages against TYR
compared to that of kojic acid (reference substance). Molecular docking was performed to rationalize the
Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) of the target pyridotriazolopyrimidines and analyze the binding between
the docked-selected compounds and the amino acid residues in the active site of tyrosinase.

Conclusion:
The target pyridotriazolopyrimidines were identified as a new class of tyrosinase inhibitors.