bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced-intensity, risk factor–stratified immunosuppression for acquired hemophilia A: single-center observational study
Authors: Dobbelstein Christiane , Moschovakis Georgios Leandros , Tiede Andreas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImmunosuppressive therapy (IST) is administered to patients with acquired hemophilia A (AHA) to eradicate autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Data from registries previously demonstrated that IST is often complicated by adverse events, in particular infections. This pilot study was set out to assess the feasibility of reduced-intensity, risk factor–stratified IST. We followed a single-center consecutive cohort of twenty-five patients with AHA receiving IST according to a new institutional treatment standard. Based on results from a previous study, GTH-AH 01/2020, patients were stratified into “poor risk” (FVIII < 1 IU/dl or inhibitor ≥ 20 Bethesda units (BU)/ml) or “good risk” (FVIII ≥ 1 IU/dl and inhibitor < 20 BU/ml). Outcomes were compared between the current cohort and the GTH registry as a historic control (n = 102). Baseline characteristics of the cohort were not different from the historic control. Partial remission, defined as FVIII recovered to > 50 IU/dl, was achieved by 68% of patients after a median time of 112 days, which was lower and significantly later than in the historic control (hazard ratio: 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.2–2.8). Complete remission, overall survival, and frequency of fatal infections were not different. Grade 3 and 4 infections were more frequent. The impact of risk factors that was observed in the historic cohort was no longer apparent, as partial and complete remission and overall survival were similar in “good risk” and “poor risk” patients. In conclusion, reduced-intensity, risk factor–stratified IST is feasible in AHA but did not decrease the risk of infections and mortality in this cohort.
Multidrug-related protein 1 (MRP1) polymorphisms rs129081, rs212090, and rs212091 predict survival in normal karyotype acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kunadt Desiree , Dransfeld Christian , Dill Claudia , Schmiedgen Maria , Kramer Michael , Altmann Heidi , Röllig Christoph , Bornhäuser Martin , Mahlknecht Ulrich , Schaich Markus , Stölzel Friedrich 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResistant disease is still a main obstacle in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment. Therefore, individual genetic variations affecting therapy response are gaining increasing importance. Both SNPs and ABC transporter genes could already be associated with drug resistance. Here, we report allelic variants of MRP1 (ABCC1) SNPs rs129081, rs212090, and rs212091 with significant influences on survival in AML patients. DNA was extracted from bone marrow samples (n = 160) at diagnosis. Genotyping 48 SNPs within seven different ABC transporter genes using real-time PCR revealed rs129081 GG variant with a significant higher OS (p = 0.035) and DFS (p = 0.01). Comparing TT and AA rs212090 variants showed significant influences on DFS (p = 0.021). SNP rs212091 GG expression was associated with worse OS (p = 0.006) and a significant difference in DFS between alleles GG and AA (p = 0.018). The multivariable models confirmed a significant influence on OS for rs212091 (AA HR = 0.296, 95% CI 0.113–0.774, p = 0.013 and GG p = 0.044). Rs129081 variant CG, TT of rs212090, AA, and AG of rs212091 demonstrated significant impact on DFS (p = 0.024, p = 0.029, p = 0.017, and p = 0.042, respectively). This analysis demonstrates a significant influence of MRP1 SNPs on survival in AML. As they were not associated to prognostic characteristics, we suggest these SNPs to be independent prognostic markers for AML.
Identification of Cyt2Ba from a New Strain of Bacillus thuringiensis and Its Toxicity in Bradysia difformis
Authors: Wang Fan-Fan , Qu Shao-Xuan , Lin Jin-Sheng , Li Hui-Ping , Hou Li-Juan , Jiang Ning , Luo Xin , Ma Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBradysia difformis is one of the most damaging pests in mushroom production in China. In this study, eight Bacillus thuringiensis strains were analyzed for insecticidal activity in B. difformis. The strain JW-1 showed the highest insecticidal activity against B. difformis larvae, but did not inhibit the mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus and P. geesteranus. The 16S rRNA gene (1397 bp) and cyt2 gene (792 bp) were obtained from strain JW-1. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene and Cyt2 toxin showed that strain JW-1 was a member of B. thuringiensis and Cyt2 toxin belonged to Cyt2Ba toxin cluster. The Cyt2Ba toxin from strain JW-1 was overexpressed in E. coli as a fusion protein and the fusion protein (70 kDa) was purified by Ni-IDA affinity chromatography. The purified Cyt2Ba fusion protein was toxic to B. difformis larvae (LC50 was 2.25 ng/mL). The identification of Cyt2Ba from strain JW-1 and confirmation of the insecticidal activity of Cyt2Ba in B. difformis provided a new means of biological control of the important pest in mushroom production.
Das Zerstörungspotenzial von Big Data und Künstlicher Intelligenz für die Demokratie
Authors: Hesse Wolfgang 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Ansatz, Massendaten („Big Data“) mit den heutigen mächtigen, nach wie vor exponentiell wachsenden Computerkapazitäten und dazu passenden Methoden zu erfassen, zu speichern, zu durchforsten, zu kombinieren und auszuwerten, hat auch für die Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) neue Impulse und Möglichkeiten geschaffen. Diese rücken einerseits alte KI-Träume näher in den Bereich des Realen, können aber andererseits ein großes zerstörerisches Potenzial entfalten. Damit gehen neue Bedrohungen einher, unter anderem für die Datenintegrität, Persönlichkeitsrechte und Privatheit, für die Unabhängigkeit von Wissen und Information sowie für den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt. Neue Medien wie Facebook oder Twitter, übermächtige IT-Konzerne wie Google oder Amazon sowie die fortschreitende Digitalisierung alltäglicher Vorgänge und Gegenstände („Internet der Dinge“) spielen dabei eine entscheidende Mittlerrolle.Immer wieder verkündete Visionen von der „technischen Singularität“, d. h. der möglichen Machtübernahme der Maschinen über die Menschen werfen Fragen nach dem Primat der Politik über Wirtschaft und Technik und dem Bestand und der Überlebensfähigkeit der Demokratie, wenn nicht sogar der Menschheit, auf.
In situ polymerization of styrene–clay nanocomposites and their properties
Authors: Mrah Lahouari , Meghabar Rachid 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This work focuses on the preparation and characterization of polystyrene/organoclay nanocomposites. The effects of the nature of the organoclays and the method of preparation were studied in order to evaluate their morphological, thermal and mechanical properties. X-ray diffraction (SAXS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) were used to determine the characteristics of the resulting materials. Initially, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was used as an organomodifier to modify the clay to form an organic clay. After that, polystyrene/organoclay nanocomposites were synthesized by an in situ mass polymerization process in which styrene was polymerized in the presence of different proportions of organoclay ranging from 1 to 15% by weight. The results obtained confirm the intercalation of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTA) surfactant in the clay layers, while the nanocomposites obtained showed morphologies in which the exfoliated forms were obtained. Nanocomposites showed a significant improvement in thermal stability compared to unmodified polystyrene. The highlighting of the modification was examined by mechanical tests (shock, traction). The Charpy impact test showed an increase in impact resilience, and this is mainly due to a better interfacial adhesion of the matrix. The tensile test showed an improvement in stiffness.

Graphic abstract
The preparation of polystyrene–clay nanocomposites containing various amounts of organoclays ranging from 1 to 15% using the mass polymerization technique has shown the positive effect of the introduction of a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant chain on the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. Exfoliated morphologies were obtained for the majority of the prepared nanocomposites. A structure, surface and thermal property relationship was established based on TGA, XRD and TEM/SEM analyses.
Swiss consensus recommendations on urinary tract infections in children
Authors: Buettcher Michael , Trueck Johannes , Niederer-Loher Anita , Heininger Ulrich , Agyeman Philipp , Asner Sandra , Berger Christoph , Bielicki Julia , Kahlert Christian , Kottanattu Lisa , Meyer Sauteur Patrick M. , Paioni Paolo , Posfay-Barbe Klara , Relly Christa , Ritz Nicole , Zimmermann Petra , Zucol Franziska , Gobet Rita , Shavit Sandra , Rudin Christoph , Laube Guido , von Vigier Rodo , Neuhaus Thomas J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe kidneys and the urinary tract are a common source of infection in children of all ages, especially infants and young children. The main risk factors for sequelae after urinary tract infections (UTI) are congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and bladder-bowel dysfunction. UTI should be considered in every child with fever without a source. The differentiation between upper and lower UTI is crucial for appropriate management. Method of urine collection should be based on age and risk factors. The diagnosis of UTI requires urine analysis and significant growth of a pathogen in culture. Treatment of UTI should be based on practical considerations regarding age and presentation with adjustment of the initial antimicrobial treatment according to antimicrobial sensitivity testing. All children, regardless of age, should have an ultrasound of the urinary tract performed after pyelonephritis. In general, antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended.Conclusion: Based on recent data and in line with international guidelines, multidisciplinary Swiss consensus recommendations were developed by members of Swiss pediatric infectious diseases, nephrology, and urology societies giving the clinician clear recommendations in regard to diagnosis, type and duration of therapy, antimicrobial treatment options, indication for imaging, and antibiotic prophylaxis.What is Known:•Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a common and important clinical problem in childhood. Although children with pyelonephritis tend to present with fever, it can be difficult on clinical grounds to distinguish cystitis from pyelonephritis, particularly in young children less than 2 years of age.•Method of urine collection is based on age and risk factors. The diagnosis of UTI requires urine analysis and significant growth of a pathogen in culture.What is New:•Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) remains a risk factor for UTI butper seis neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of renal scars. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and bladder-bowel dysfunction play a more important role as causes of long-term sequelae. In general, antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended.•A switch to oral antibiotics should be considered already in young infants. Indications for invasive imaging are more restrictive and reserved for patients with abnormal renal ultrasound, complicated UTI, and infections with pathogens other than E. coli.
A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of life review therapy targeting incurably ill cancer patients: do their informal caregivers benefit?
Authors: Kleijn Gitta , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit I. , Bohlmeijer Ernst T. , Willemsen Vincent , Becker-Commissaris Annemarie , Eeltink Corien M. , Bruynzeel Anna M.E. , van der Vorst Maurice J. , Cuijpers Pim , Verdonck-de Leeuw Irma M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Investigate whether Life Review Therapy and Memory Specificity Training (LRT-MST) targeting incurably ill cancer patients may also have a beneficial effect on caregiving burden, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and posttraumatic growth of the informal caregivers.

Methods
Data was collected in the context of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) (secondary analyses) on the effect of LRT-MST among incurably cancer patients. Informal caregivers of participating patients were asked to complete outcome measures at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), and 1-month follow-up (T2): caregiver burden (caregivers reaction assessment scale (CRA)), symptoms of anxiety and depression (hospital anxiety and depression scale), and posttraumatic growth (posttraumatic growth inventory). Linear mixed models (intention to treat) were used to assess group differences in changes over time. Effect size and independent samples t tests were used to assess group differences at T1 and T2.

Results
In total, 64 caregivers participated. At baseline, 56% of the caregivers experienced anxiety and 30% depression. No significant effect was found on these symptoms nor on posttraumatic growth or most aspects of caregiver burden. There was a significant effect of LRT-MST on the course of self-esteem (subscale CRA) (p = 0.013). Effect size was moderate post-intervention (ES = − 0.38, p = 0.23) and at 3-month follow-up (ES = 0.53, p = 0.083).

Conclusions
Many caregivers of incurably ill cancer patients experience symptoms of anxiety and depression. LRT-MST does not improve symptoms of depression and anxiety, negative aspects of caregiver burden, or posttraumatic growth. LRT-MST may have a protective effect on self-esteem of informal caregivers (positive aspect of caregiver burden).

Trial registration number
Netherlands Trial Register (NTR 2256), registered on 23-3-2010.
Regionale Anpassung an den Klimawandel – Ein Überblick mit Empfehlungen für Kommunen in Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Häußler Simone , Hofmann Martina , Müller Martin 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Klimawandel wird sich in Baden-Württemberg im Wesentlichen mit einer Zunahme an Extremwetterlagen von Hitze und Starkregen auswirken. Die Kommunen stehen vor der Herausforderung, mit den bereits eingetretenen und den zu erwartenden klimatischen Veränderungen angemessen umzugehen. In Deutschland gibt es auf Bundesebene seit 2006 erkennbare Bestrebungen, das Thema der Anpassung an den Klimawandel zu institutionalisieren. Es sind allerdings primär die Länder, die spezifische Programme für ihren jeweiligen geografischen Kontext initiieren und umsetzen müssen. Den kommunalen Entscheidern kommt hierbei eine zentrale Verantwortung zu, denn sie sind auf lokaler Ebene gefordert, den Herausforderungen des Klimawandels zu begegnen. Hemmende Faktoren für kommunale Anpassungsstrategien sind dabei u. a. die fehlende Benennung von klaren Zuständigkeiten und die weitgehende Unverbindlichkeit von Richtlinien und Beschlüssen. An diesen Punkten sollte angeknüpft werden. Die strategische Einbindung von regionalen Stakeholdern könnte dazu beitragen, die überregionale Anpassungsplanung wirksam in die Kommunalplanung zu überführen.
„A-Probleme“ des nichttraumatologischen Schockraummanagements
Authors: Michael M. , Kumle B. , Pin M. , Hammer N. , Plettenberg C. , Bernhard M. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen des nichttraumatologischen Schockraummanagements zur Versorgung kritisch kranker Patienten werden akute Störungen der Vitalfunktionen rasch detektiert und interdisziplinär behandelt. Beim „primary survey“ dient das etablierte ABCDE-Schema der strukturierten Untersuchung aller relevanten Vitalparameter, Störungen werden hierbei sofort therapiert. „A-Probleme“ gehen mit einer drohenden Atemwegsverlegung und damit einer konsekutiven Hypoxie einher. Unterschiedlichste Pathologien können hier zugrunde liegen, meist ist aber zunächst eine symptomatische Therapie, also die Sicherung der Atemwege, die entscheidende Notfallmaßnahme. Ein strukturiertes Konzept zum Atemwegsmanagement unter Berücksichtigung lokaler Gegebenheiten sollte in jeder Notaufnahme etabliert sein und regelmäßig trainiert werden.
Compositional Semantics and Normative ‘Ought’
Authors: Klimczyk Joanna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccording to the paradigm view in linguistics and philosophical semantics, it is lexical semantics (LS) plus the principle of compositionality (PC) that allows us to compute the meaning of an arbitrary sentence. The job of LS is to assign meaning to individual expressions, whereas PC says how to combine these individual meanings into larger ones. In this paper I argue that the pair LS + PC fails to account for the discourse-relevant meaning of normative ‘ought’. If my hypothesis is tenable, then the failure of LS + CS extends to normative language in general. The reason I offer that this is so is that semantics for normative language is, in an important respect, asubstantivesemantics (SS). The ‘substantive’ in question means that the meaning of normative vocabularyin useis driven by metanormative views associated with a particular normative concept. SS rejects the model LS + CS and replaces it with a discourse-relevant semantics built around an interactional principle that ascribes to a particular surface syntactical form of ‘ought’ sentences a logical form that represents its discourse-salient normative content. In the paper I shall sketch how SS works and why it is worth serious consideration.
The STIX Aspect System (SAS): The Optical Aspect System of the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-Rays (STIX) on Solar Orbiter
Authors: Warmuth A. , Önel H. , Mann G. , Rendtel J. , Strassmeier K. G. , Denker C. , Hurford G. J. , Krucker S. , Anderson J. , Bauer S.-M. , Bittner W. , Dionies F. , Paschke J. , Plüschke D. , Sablowski D. P. , Schuller F. , Senthamizh Pavai V. , Woche M. , Casadei D. , Kögl S. , Arnold N. G. , Gröbelbauer H.-P. , Schori D. , Wiehl H. J. , Csillaghy A. , Grimm O. , Orleanski P. , Skup K. R. , Bujwan W. , Rutkowski K. , Ber K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) is a remote sensing instrument on Solar Orbiter that observes the hard X-ray bremsstrahlung emission of solar flares. This paper describes the STIX Aspect System (SAS), a subunit that measures the pointing of STIX relative to the Sun with a precision of $\pm 4''$
±

4
″

, which is required to accurately localize the reconstructed X-ray images on the Sun. The operating principle of the SAS is based on an optical lens that images the Sun onto a plate that is perforated by small apertures arranged in a cross-shaped configuration of four radial arms. The light passing through the apertures of each arm is detected by a photodiode. Variations of spacecraft pointing and of distance from the Sun cause the solar image to move over different apertures, leading to a modulation of the measured lightcurves. These signals are used by ground analysis to calculate the locations of the solar limb, and hence the pointing of the telescope.
Gewalt und emotionale Energie
Authors: Kron Thomas 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag entwickelt Randall Collins’ Theorie situationalistischer Gewalthandlungen in dem zentralen Aspekt der emotionalen Energie weiter. Erstens ergänze ich Collins’ Vorstellung positiver emotionale Energie um den Faktor negativer emotionaler Energie. Zweitens modelliere ich diese beiden Energieformen als Mengen und beziehe diese dynamisch aufeinander. Damit kommt der Entropie emotionaler Energie als neuer Faktor der Gewaltentstehung eine Schlüsselrolle zu, die bislang vernachlässigt wurde.
Literaturübersicht zur prädiktiven Validität des Static-99 im deutschsprachigen Raum
Authors: Kube Silvia , Banse Rainer 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel werden die Ergebnisse von 18 Studien aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz hinsichtlich der Rückfälligkeit von Sexualstraftätern und der prädiktiven Validität des Static-99 beschrieben. Auf dieser Grundlage wurden für den Static-99 gewichtete Mittelwerte der „area under the curve“ (AUC) berechnet. Es zeigt sich, dass der Static-99 im deutschsprachigen Raum valide Vorhersagen zu unterschiedlichen Rückfallstraftaten treffen kann (mittlere AUC = 0,68 bis 0,72). Die AUC-Werte werden für verschiedene Täter- und Altersgruppen nachgewiesen und variieren meist zwischen 0,67 und 0,76. Die Rückfallkategorien des Static-99 erweisen sich ebenfalls als gültig. Schwächere Werte werden für die Anwendung bei Personen, die wegen eines Sexualdelikts gegen Erwachsene verurteilt wurden und für die Vorhersage nichtsexueller Gewalttaten berichtet. Eine Diskussion der Ergebnisse sowie ein Ausblick auf die zukünftige Forschung werden gegeben.
Salvage radiation therapy in prostate cancer: relationship between rectal dose and long-term, self-reported rectal bleeding
Authors: Braide K. , Kindblom J. , Lindencrona U. , Hugosson J. , Pettersson N. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To quantify the relationship between the rectal dose distribution and the prevalence of self-reported rectal bleeding among men treated with salvage radiotherapy (ST) delivered by three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for prostate cancer. To use this relationship to estimate the risk of rectal bleeding for a contemporary cohort of patients treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) ST.

Methods and patients
Rectal bleeding of any grade was reported by 56 (22%) of 255 men in a PROM-survey at a median follow-up of 6.7 years after 3DCRT ST. Treatment plan data were extracted and dose–response relationships for the rectal volumes receiving at least 35 Gy (V35Gy) or 63 Gy (V63Gy) were calculated with logistic regression. These relationships were used to estimate the risk of rectal bleeding for a cohort of 253 patients treated with VMAT ST.

Results
In the dose–response analysis of patients in the 3DCRT ST cohort, both rectal V35Gy and V63Gy were statistically significant parameters in univariable analysis (p = 0.005 and 0.003, respectively). For the dose–response models using either rectal V35Gy or V63Gy, the average calculated risk of rectal bleeding was 14% among men treated with VMAT ST compared to a reported prevalence of 22% for men treated with 3DCRT ST.

Conclusions
We identified dose–response relationships between the rectal dose distribution and the risk of self-reported rectal bleeding of any grade in a long-term perspective for men treated with 3DCRT ST. Furthermore, VMAT ST may have the potential to decrease the prevalence of late rectal bleeding.
Individual differences in time estimation are associated with delay discounting and alcohol use
Authors: Stam C. Henrico , van der Veen Frederik M. , Franken Ingmar H. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDelay discounting is a commonly used behavioral measure of impulsive decision making and it has been shown that disturbed delay discounting is associated with drug dependence, problematic gambling, obesity and risk behavior. It is hypothesized that disturbed delay discounting may be due to aberrations in the subjective perception of time. In this study the associations were examined between subjective time estimation ability, impulsivity and substance use. A sample of healthy undergraduate students (N = 85) performed a time estimation task across 3 different intervals and completed a delay discounting questionnaire (MCQ). Substance use (alcohol and smoking) and personality characteristics reflecting impulsiveness (Eysenck-I7; BIS/BAS) were obtained via self-report. The results suggest that both delay discounting and degree of alcohol use are associated with time estimation abilities. There was a modest U-shaped association between delay discounting and one measure of time estimation (i.e., coefficient of variation). A higher, similar level of estimation error was found for both high and low delay discounting which can be seen as convergent evidence for the existence of a continuum of self-control, associated with behavioral risks and decision-making problems towards the extremes of the scale. Another measure of time estimation error (i.e., autocorrelation) was positively associated with alcohol use which implies a connection between time estimation and a risk factor for the development of alcohol use disorder. Findings suggest the existence of complex psychological associations between time estimation, impulsivity and addiction.