bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kras mutation correlating with circulating regulatory T cells predicts the prognosis of advanced pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Cheng He , Luo Guopei , Jin Kaizhou , Fan Zhiyao , Huang Qiuyi , Gong Yitao , Xu Jin , Yu Xianjun , Liu Chen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeKras mutation and abnormal immune status are associated with pancreatic cancer development and progression. In this study, we evaluated the Kras mutation status in circulating tumor DNA and circulating T cell subsets in a cohort of advanced pancreatic cancer patients.MethodsSamples were retrospectively obtained from a series of 210 pathological advanced pancreatic cancer patients between 2012 and 2014. The Kras mutation status was detected in cell‐free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) by ddPCR and circulating T cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsUnivariate analysis found that tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, chemotherapy, circulating regulatory T cells, CA19‐9 levels, CA125 levels, and KrasG12D and KrasG12V mutations were significantly related to overall survival in advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Multivariate analysis identified that TNM stage (P = .03, HR:1.422), Tregs (P = .004, HR:1.522), CA19‐9 levels (P = .009, HR:1.488), KrasG12D mutation (P = .044, HR:1.353), and KrasG12V mutation (P = .001, HR:1.667) were independent prognostic markers. Furthermore, we found that KrasG12V mutation in ctDNA was correlated with high circulating proportion of Tregs, and patients with both KrasG12V mutation and high levels of Tregs were associated with extremely poor survival in advanced pancreatic cancer.ConclusionKrasG12V mutation was associated with high circulating regulatory T cell levels, and both of them predicted worse prognosis in advanced pancreatic cancer patients.
Characterization of the immune microenvironment in brain metastases from different solid tumors
Authors: Jiang Jinling , Wu Lihong , Yuan Fei , Ji Jun , Lin Xiaojing , Yang Wanning , Wu Junwei , Shi Min , Yang Hui , Ma Yanna , Song Xue , Zhu Zhenggang , Zhang Henghui , Zhang Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundBrain metastases are one of the most common intracranial neoplasms. Increasing evidence have indicated that systemic immunotherapy may provide long‐term benefits for brain metastases. Herein, we presented the results of an immune oncology panel RNA sequencing platform for patients with brain metastases from different primary sites.MethodsWe investigated 25 samples of human brain metastases from lung cancer (n = 12), breast cancer (n = 6), and colorectal cancer (n = 7). Besides, 13 paired samples of adjacent noncancerous brain tissue (10 from patients with lung cancer and 3 from patients with breast cancer) were collected as controls. By comparing the brain metastases and paired samples of adjacent noncancerous brain tissue from 13 patients, we detected three upregulated and six downregulated genes, representing the malignant properties of cancer cells and increased immune infiltration in the microenvironment. Next, we profiled the immune‐related genes in brain metastases from three primary cancer types.ResultsA group of genes were significantly overexpressed in the microenvironment of brain metastases from lung cancer, covering the checkpoint pathways, lymphocyte infiltration, and TCR‐coexpression. Especially, immune checkpoint molecules, PD‐L1, PD‐L2, and IDO1 were expressed at higher levels in brain metastases from lung cancer than those from the other two cancer types.ConclusionsThis study presents an immune landscape of brain metastases from different cancer types. With high RNA expression levels of PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis and immune infiltration in brain metastases, it would be worthwhile to explore the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade for lung cancer patients with intracranial metastases.
Highly Efficient Binuclear Copper‐catalyzed Oxidation of N,N‐Dimethylanilines with O2
Authors: Liu Yuxia , Yan Yonggang , Xue Dong , Wang Zhongfu , Xiao Jianliang , Wang Chao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA binuclear copper‐salicylate complex, [Cu(Sal)2(NCMe)]2 (Sal=salicylate), was found to be an active catalyst for the oxidation of N,N‐dimethylanilines by O2, affording the corresponding N‐methyl‐N‐phenylformamides as major products. The reactions were carried out with a O2 balloon and the S/C (substrate/catalyst ratio) of the model reaction could be up to 1×105, providing a practical and highly efficient catalytic protocol for accessing N‐methyl‐N‐phenylformamides.
Flowsheet Modeling and Simulation of Biomass Steam Gasification for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Inayat Abrar , Raza Mohsin , Khan Zakir , Ghenai Chaouki , Aslam Muhammad , Shahbaz Muhammad , Ayoub Muhammad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHydrogen production from biomass steam gasification is systematically reviewed. Equilibrium modeling and simulation studies using various techniques for effective hydrogen production are presented. Heat integration, economic analysis of the hydrogen production, and systematic design algorithms research publications are overviewed and discussed for energy‐efficient and economic hydrogen production from various biomass feedstocks. Comparison and analysis of the results strongly suggest the viable potential of biomass steam gasification for hydrogen production from small to large scales with applications for thermal heat, power generation, and many other industrial fields.
Bimetallic Ru‐Fe Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotubes for Ammonia Decomposition and Synthesis
Authors: Chen Cai , Chen Yiwen , Ali Arshid M. , Luo Wenjia , Wen Jie , Zhang Lianhong , Zhang Hui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlloy catalysts can achieve superior performance to single metal while reducing the cost by fine‐tuning the composition and morphology. Bimetallic Ru‐Fe nanoparticles were synthesized via liquid‐phase reduction method followed by impregnation with multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to prepare Ru‐Fe/CNTs catalysts. The Ru3Fe/CNTs catalyst yields a superior catalytic stability for ammonia decomposition compared to the Ru/CNTs catalyst. Hence, the ammonia synthesis rate of the Ru3Fe/CNTs catalyst was significantly higher than that of Ru/CNTs catalyst. The potential of bimetallic catalysts with reasonable composition and proportion will expand the research of efficient catalysts for ammonia decomposition and synthesis.
Zeotype SAPO‐34 Synthesized by Combination of Templates for the Gasification of Biomass
Authors: Doan Tuan , Nguyen Khang , Dam Phong , Pham Nga , Vu Quan , Vuong Thanh Huyen , Pham Thanh Huyen , Le Minh Thang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSAPO‐34 is a crystalline microporous material, the characteristics of which are greatly influenced by synthetic parameters, especially the silica precursors and templates. In this study, the combination of templates and silica sources was optimized to obtain SAPO‐34 phases in the purest form. The physicochemical properties of the thus‐synthesized catalysts were characterized, and the Si environment in the SAPO‐34 framework was analyzed. The catalytic performance in biomass gasification was investigated in a fixed‐bed flow reactor. SAPO‐34 synthesized with triethylamine/morpholine/tetraethylammonium hydroxide templates exhibited the highest total acidity, the smallest particle size, and high surface area, and produced a large amount of light hydrocarbons in biomass gasification.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia through Nitrogen Reduction under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Wang Jia , Chen Silong , Li Zijian , Li Guangkai , Liu Xien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAmmonia is an important chemical raw material, widely used in industry and agriculture, as well as an important energy storage intermediate and carbon‐free energy carrier. But, its production is limited to the traditional Haber‐Bosch process. Recently, electrochemical reduction of N2 has been attracting more and more attention, owing to the lower energy consumption and because it is environmentally friendly. However, there are a lot of problems that remain to be solved, and the main challenges are the low selectivity and catalytic activity when using this process. In this Review, we first summarize the recent development of electrocatalysts for electrochemical N2 reduction and elaborate on the reaction mechanisms of the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). In addition, the effects of different types of electrolyte on the NRR activity and electrolyte choice are discussed. Finally, the perspectives of electrochemical nitrogen reduction for conversion to ammonia are discussed.
New insight about the relationship between the main characteristics of precursor materials and activated carbon properties using multivariate analysis
Authors: Santos Mateus Pereira F. , da Silva Josiane F. , da Costa Ilhéu Fontan Rafael , Bonomo Renata C. F. , Santos Leandro S. , Veloso Cristiane M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAgro‐industrial wastes are used as carbon precursors in the production of activated carbon because they are rich in lignocellulosic materials. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the main characteristics of precursor materials and activated carbons by multivariate analysis. After characterization of the precursor materials and their respective carbons, the principal component analysis and canonical correlation analysis were performed. Materials with cellulose/lignin ratio > 3.0 led to the production of carbons with a higher pore diameter, while materials with a cellulose/lignin ratio ≤ 1.0 led to a low pore volume. Using the mathematical models obtained, it is possible to predict the carbon characteristics using only the composition data of the lignocellulosic materials.
Reinforcement of Self‐Healing Polyacrylic Acid Hydrogel with Acrylamide Modified Microcrystalline Cellulose†
Authors: Bai Changzhuang , Huang Qiuhua , Xiong Xiaopeng 
Published: February 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionSelf‐healing hydrogel such as polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel has attracted increasing attention based on its promising potential applications. However, it usually suffers from low strength especially as mechanical device. Herein, a commercial microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was modified with acrylamide to graft polyacrylamide (PAM) chains on the particle surface. The acrylamide‐modified MCC (AM‐MCC) was then dispersed in monomer solution of acrylic acid to prepare composite hydrogel. The mechanical properties of the obtained composite hydrogels and the self‐healed hydrogels were carefully measured by compressive and tensile tests, and by dynamic mechanical analysis. Our results demonstrate that introduction of a small amount of AM‐MCC such as 3 wt% can not only reinforce the original hydrogel and the healed hydrogel markedly, but also improve self‐healing efficiency obviously. The analyses indicate that in addition to the reversible multi‐interactions such as hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions, the entanglements between the PAA chains of the hydrogel matrix and the PAM chains grafted on the MCC particles have also played an important role on the improvement in mechanical performances and the healing ability of the hydrogel. Moreover, the responsiveness to exterior ion has been tested to indicate potential application of the composite hydrogel as self‐healable sensor.
Morpholine As a Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry: An Update on Synthetic Strategies
Authors: Tzara Ariadni , Xanthopoulos Dimitrios , Kourounakis Angeliki P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMorpholine is a frequently used heterocycle in medicinal chemistry and a privileged structural component of bioactive molecules. This is mainly due to its contribution to a plethora of biological activities as well as to an improved pharmacokinetic profile of such bioactive molecules. The synthesis of morpholines is a subject of much study due to their biological and pharmacological importance, with the last such review being published in 2013. Here, an overview of the main approaches toward morpholine synthesis or functionalization is presented, emphasizing on novel work which has not been reviewed so far. This review is an update on synthetic strategies leading to easily accessible libraries of bioactives which are of interest for drug discovery projects.
Influence of pubic symphysis stiffness on pelvic load distribution during single leg stance
Authors: Ricci Pierre‐Louis , Maas Stefan , Gerich Torsten , Kelm Jens 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on the influence of the softening and stiffening of pubic symphysis on the load distribution within the bones of the pelvic ring under the physiological loadings of the single leg stance. Muscle forces and joint reaction forces were first determined by inverse dynamics and applied to a linear finite element model of the pelvis. With normal pubic symphysis stiffness, high Von Mises stresses are located on the anterior surface to the sacrum around the sacroiliac joint and on the superior ramus, both on the side of the weight‐bearing leg. Softening of the pubic symphysis redirects the load backward, decreases the stresses at the anterior pelvis, and increases them at the posterior pelvis. A stiffening of the pubic symphysis redirects the load forward, increases the load on the posterior pelvis, and decreases them at the anterior pelvis. This investigation highlights the significance of the pubic symphysis on the load distribution of the pelvis and in maintaining the integrity of the structures. Its role should not be neglected when analyzing the pelvis.
Patterns of genetic diversity and potential ecological niches of Stylosanthes species from northeastern Argentina
Authors: Silvestri M. C. , Acuña C. A. , Moreno E. M. S. , Garcia A. V. , Vanni R.O. , Lavia G.I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Stylosanthes genus is native to Central and South America and contains several of the most important tropical legumes used for forage. The southernmost natural distribution of the genus includes the northeast of Argentina, a subtropical region where several phytogeographic provinces and ecoregions converge, giving rise to particular environmental conditions. Here, we used inter‐simple sequence repeat markers to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of four and eight natural populations from northeast of Argentina of Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. and S. hippocampoides Mohlenbr., respectively. We also modeled the potential ecological niches to obtain environmental information regarding new collection areas and future crop areas. High genetic diversity and specific bands were found for both species. The summary statistics were relatively higher for S. guianensis than for S. hippocampoides. In both species, more genetic diversity was present among populations than within them, and correlation between genetic and geographic distances was observed. Populations were grouped according to their respective species, and their geographical source. The results suggest that collecting a few individuals from a large number of different sites would be an appropriate method for conserving the diversity of these species, with emphasis on those areas with the highest levels of genetic diversity. The modeling of ecological niches suggested mean temperature of the coldest quarter as the most important bioclimatic variable influencing S. guianensis distribution, and temperature seasonality as the variable influencing S. hippocampoides distribution, and showed new potential areas for future collections and as potential crop areas of the species.
Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides flow cytometric evaluation: The clinicians' perspective
Authors: Guitart Joan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFlow cytometry of peripheral blood has become the standard tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of Sézary syndrome. However, there is a sense of frustration among dermatologists and oncologist regarding the challenges in interpreting vague flow cytometry (FC) reports, which often include an array of numbers and percentages that are difficult to interpret and fail to elucidate quantitatively or qualitatively the presence or absence of an abnormal T cell population. From the clinicians' perspective, a report of the flow cytometric evaluation for Sézary syndrome should include the following items: presence or absence of abnormal T‐cells, phenotype of abnormal cells, and quantity of abnormal cells to disease burden and for staging.
Different β‐cell secretory phenotype in non‐obese compared to obese early type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gudipaty Lalitha , Rosenfeld Nora K. , Fuller Carissa S. , Cuchel Marina , Rickels Michael R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin action (ie, insulin resistance) and impaired β‐cell insulin secretion. Because obesity contributes importantly to the development of insulin resistance, we sought to determine whether insulin secretory defects would predominate in non‐obese compared to obese T2D.MethodsWe measured β‐cell function and secretory capacity using the glucose‐potentiated arginine test in T2D subjects early in the disease course classified as non‐obese (BMI <30; n = 12) or obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2; n = 28) and additionally compared responses from non‐obese T2D with a non‐diabetic control group (n = 12).ResultsThe acute insulin response to glucose potentiation of arginine‐induced insulin release was less in non‐obese T2D than in controls and associated with impaired β‐cell sensitivity to glucose (PG50). Proinsulin secretory ratios were increased in non‐obese T2D when compared to obese T2D. Obese T2D subjects had reduced insulin sensitivity (M/I) while non‐obese T2D subjects had insulin sensitivity that was comparable to controls.ConclusionsIn non‐obese T2D, insulin secretory defects predominate with impaired β‐cell sensitivity to glucose and proinsulin processing in the absence of insulin resistance. Future studies should consider whether different β‐cell secretory phenotypes and tissue sensitivity to insulin explain the varying responsiveness to T2D interventions.
Are migratory waterfowl vectors of seagrass pathogens?
Authors: Menning Damian Michael , Ward David Hume , Wyllie‐Echeverria Sandy , Sage George Kevin , Gravley Megan Cathleen , Gravley Hunter Alexander , Talbot Sandra Looman 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMigratory waterfowl vector plant seeds and other tissues, but little attention has focused on the potential of avian vectoring of plant pathogens. Extensive meadows of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in southwest Alaska support hundreds of thousands of waterfowl during fall migration and may be susceptible to plant pathogens. We recovered DNA of organisms pathogenic to eelgrass from environmental samples and in the cloacal contents of eight of nine waterfowl species that annually migrate along the Pacific coast of North America and Asia. Coupled with a signal of asymmetrical gene flow of eelgrass running counter to that expected from oceanic and coastal currents between Large Marine Ecosystems, this evidence suggests waterfowl are vectors of eelgrass pathogens.
Total physical activity and risk of chronic low back and knee pain in middle‐aged and elderly Japanese people: The Murakami cohort study
Authors: Solovev Aleksandr , Watanabe Yumi , Kitamura Kaori , Takahashi Akemi , Kobayashi Ryosaku , Saito Toshiko , Takachi Ribeka , Kabasawa Keiko , Oshiki Rieko , Platonova Kseniia , Tsugane Shoichiro , Iki Masayuki , Sasaki Ayako , Yamazaki Osamu , Watanabe Kei , Nakamura Kazutoshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpecific components of physical activity, such as vigorous exercise and heavy occupational work, are known to increase the risk of chronic low back pain (CLBP) and chronic knee pain (CKP), but impacts of other components are less known. This study aimed to assess the relationship between total physical activity and risk of CLBP and CKP from a public health perspective.MethodsParticipants were 7,565 individuals, aged 40–74 years, who did not have CLBP or CKP, and who participated in the 5‐year follow‐up survey. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographics, body size and lifestyle (including physical activity) in the baseline survey in 2011–2013, and on CLBP and CKP using Short Form 36 (SF‐36) in the follow‐up survey. Sitting, standing, walking and strenuous work for occupational activity were assessed for total physical activity, and walking slowly, walking quickly, light to moderate exercise and strenuous exercise were assessed for leisure‐time physical activity using metabolic equivalent hours/day (METs score).ResultsMean age of participants was 60.1 years (SD, 8.8). Participants with higher METs scores had a significantly higher risk of CKP (p for trend = 0.0089, OR of 4th quartile = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04–1.59 vs. 1st quartile), but not CLBP. An intermediate leisure‐time METs score was associated with a lower risk of CLBP (OR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.61–0.92 vs. 0 METs‐group).ConclusionsA high level of total physical activity may increase the risk of CKP, whereas an intermediate level of leisure‐time physical activity may decrease the risk of CLBP, in middle‐aged and elderly individuals.SignificanceEvidence on the longitudinal association between total physical activity and CLBP and CKP in middle‐aged and elderly people is lacking. We conducted a cohort study to assess this association, and found that high levels of total physical activity increased risk of CKP, and intermediate levels of leisure‐time physical activity decreased risk of CLBP. This suggests that the effect of physical activity on chronic pain differed by pain site.
Glacial lake depth and volume estimation based on a large bathymetric dataset from the Cordillera Blanca, Peru
Authors: Muñoz Randy , Huggel Christian , Frey Holger , Cochachin Alejo , Haeberli Wilfried 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlacial lakes are most often located in remote places making it difficult to carry out detailed bathymetric surveys. Consequently, lake depths and volumes for unmeasured lakes are often estimated using empirical relationships developed mainly from small bathymetric datasets. In this study, we use the bathymetry dataset of the Cordillera Blanca, Peru comprising 121 detailed lake bathymetries, the most extensive dataset in the world. We assess the performance of the most commonly applied empirical relationships for lake mean depth and volume estimation, but also investigate relationships between different geometric lake variables. We find that lake volume estimation performs better when derived from lake mean depth, which in turn is estimated from lake width. The findings also reveal the extreme variability of lake geometry, which depends on glacio‐geomorphological processes that empirical–statistical relationships cannot adequately represent. Such relationships involve characteristic uncertainty ranges of roughly ±50%. We also estimate potential peak discharges of outburst floods from these lakes by applying empirical relationships from the literature, which results in discharges varying by up to one‐order of magnitude. Finally, the results are applied to the 860 lakes without bathymetric measurements from the inventory dataset of the Cordillera Blanca to estimate lake mean depth, volume and possible peak discharge for all unmeasured lakes. Estimations show that ca. 70% (610) of the lakes have a mean depth lower than 10 m and very few longer than 40 m. Lake volume of unmeasured lakes represent ca. 32% (5.18 × 108 m3) of the total lake volume (1.15 × 109 m3) in the Cordillera Blanca. Approximately, 50% of the lakes have potential peak discharges > 1000 m3/s in case of lake outburst floods, implying a need for additional studies for risk assessment. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.