bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR-1290 stimulates proliferation of gastric cancer by targeting SP1 with overexpression of fucosyltransferase IV and α1, 3-fucosylated glycans
Authors: Aziz Faisal , Yulin Li , Yan Qiu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFucosylation plays an important role in the development of carcinogenesis. miRNA-1290 emerged as crucial molecule to regulate cancer cell proliferation. This study evaluated the role of miRNA-1290 to development of gastric cancer by regulation of fucosyltransferase-IV, specific protein-1 (SP1) and α1,3-fucosylated glycans.We analyzed the role ofH. pyloriand miR-1290 in gastric cancer cells in induce fucosylation and cell proliferation, as well as SP1 and ubiquitin protein interaction. We found miR-1290 induced proliferation inH. pyloriCagA treated gastric cancer cells by stimulating FUT4/LeY fucosylation, as evidence by high expression of miR-1290 and phosphorylation of EGFR and MAPKs pathway in dose–dependent manner. In addition, miR-1290 inhibited SP1 protein with the regulation of ubiquitin-proteasomal system and leads to stimulate FUT4 and α1,3-fucosylated glycans level. We report the role of miRNA-1290 to stimulate FUT4 fucosylation and LeY through EGFR/MAPKs pathway by targeting SP1 in the development of gastric cancer.
Background reduction in STED-FCS using coherent-hybrid STED
Authors: Barbotin Aurélien , Urbančič Iztok , Galiani Silvia , Eggeling Christian , Booth Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a valuable tool to study the molecular dynamics of living cells. When used together with a super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope, STED-FCS can measure diffusion processes at the nanoscale in living cells. In twodimensional (2D) systems like the cellular plasma membrane, a ring-shaped depletion focus is most commonly used to increase the lateral resolution, leading to more than 25-fold decrease in the observation volumee, reaching the relevant scale of supramolecular arrangements. However, STED-FCS faces severe limitations when measuring diffusion in three dimensions (3D), largely due to the spurious background contributions from undepleted areas of the excitation focus that reduce the signal quality and ultimately limit the resolution. In this paper, we investigate how different STED confinement modes can mitigate this issue. By simulations as well as experiments with fluorescent probes in solution and in cells, we demonstrate that the coherent-hybrid (CH) depletion pattern reduces background most efficiently and thus provides superior signal quality under comparable reduction of the observation volume. Featuring also the highest robustness to common optical aberrations, CH-STED can be considered the method of choice for reliable STED-FCS based investigations of 3D diffusion on the sub-diffraction scale.
Dual community assembly processes in dryland biocrust communities
Authors: Soliveres Santiago , Eldridge David J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Biocrusts are critical components of drylands where they regulate a wide range of ecosystem functions, however, their response to the world‐wide phenomenon of shrub encroachment and to livestock grazing, the most extensive land use in drylands, is not well studied. Grazing by livestock and increases in shrub cover could influence biocrust communities directly via trampling or shading, or indirectly, by altering biotic interactions amongst biocrust taxa. The extent of these changes in biocrust cover, diversity and composition are poorly known.

We used linear models and structural equation modelling to examine the direct effects of grazing and shrubs on biocrust community composition and the indirect effects mediated by changes in species interactions.

Biocrust richness and cover increased with increasing shrub cover at the site level. This pattern occurred despite the negative response we found (lower cover and richness) under shrub patches versus open areas, which was consistent irrespective of the grazing level. Functional diversity and evenness were similar between shrubs and open at low grazing intensity, but at high grazing functional diversity was greater in the open. Competition between biocrust species was an important driver of their community assembly irrespective of shrub cover, grazing intensity or patch type. Structural equation models showed that the effects of grazing and shrub cover on functional evenness, functional diversity and richness were controlled by biotic interactions within the shrub microsites. In the open, however, these effects were either direct or mediated by changes in cover.

Biocrust cover, species richness and functional diversity increase with shrub cover at the site scale, despite the negative effects at the microsite level. We demonstrate here that drivers of community assembly differ markedly at small spatial scales. Though biocrust communities were directly driven by environmental filtering in the open, biotic interactions played a fundamental role in their assembly when growing beneath shrubs.

A free plain language summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Validation of degree‐day models for predicting the emergence of two fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northeast Egypt
Authors: Bayoumy Mohamed H. , Michaud J. P. , Badr Faten A. A. , Ghanim Nabil M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe estimated thermal developmental thresholds (T0) and degree‐day (DD) constants for the immature stages of two tephritid pests, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and Ceratitis capitata (Weidenmann). Males of both species were trapped in an Egyptian guava orchard during the fruiting seasons of 2016 and 2017 and trap catches were compared with peak flights predicted by the DD model based on local weather data. Ceratitis capitata had faster development than B. zonata at 20 and 25 °C, but their overall developmental rate was similar at 30 and 35 °C. The thermal threshold of development (T0) of B. zonata was higher than that of C. capitata, indicating greater sensitivity to cold. Although 35 °C yielded the fastest development of both species, survival was higher at 30 °C, with B. zonata experiencing a slight advantage, suggesting better tropical adaptation. Immature development of B. zonata and C. capitata was estimated to require 338 and 373 d, respectively, and 616 and 424 DD for a complete generation. Trap catches over both seasons showed good correspondence to peaks of fly activity predicted by the DD models; deviations from expectation ranged from 0 to 7 d for both fly species. Both species had four overlapping generations per season, with B. zonata abundance peaking in the first generation in both years, but only in 2016 for C. capitata. The models predict about eight and 12 generations per year in northeast Egypt for B. zonata and C. capitata, respectively. These models should be useful for timing pest control measures to coincide with periods of peak fly activity in fruit orchards.
LC–MS/MS‐based metabolomic analysis of caffeine‐degrading fungus Aspergillus sydowii during tea fermentation
Authors: Zhou Binxing , Ma Cunqiang , Ren Xiaoying , Xia Tao , Li Xiaohong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNatural microorganisms involved in solid‐state fermentation (SSF) of Pu‐erh tea have a significant impact on its chemical components. Aspergillus sydowii is a fungus with a high caffeine‐degrading capacity. In this work, A. sydowii was inoculated into sun‐dried green tea leaves for SSF. Metabolomic analysis was carried out by using UPLC–QTOF‐MS method, and caffeine and related demethylated products were determined by HPLC. The results showed that A. sydowii had a significant (P < 0.05) impact on amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, and caffeine metabolism. Moreover, A. sydowii could promote the production of ketoprofen, baclofen, and tolbutamide. Along with caffeine degradation, theophylline, 3‐methylxanthine, 1,7‐dimethylxanthine, 1‐methylxanthine, and 7‐methylxanthine were increased significantly (P < 0.05) during inoculated fermentation, which showed that demethylation was the main pathway of caffeine degradation in A. sydowii secondary metabolism. The absolute quantification analysis showed that caffeine could be demethylated and converted to theophylline and 3‐methylxanthine. Particularly, about 93.24% of degraded caffeine was converted to theophylline, 27.92 mg/g of theophylline was produced after fermentation.Practical ApplicationAspergillus sydowii could cause caffeine degradation in Pu‐erh tea solid‐state fermentation and produce theophylline through the demethylation route. Using a starter strain to ferment tea leaves offers a more controllable, reproducible, and highly productive alternative for the biosynthesis of theophylline.
Critical care after major surgery: a systematic review of risk factors for unplanned admission
Authors: Onwochei D. N. , Fabes J. , Walker D. , Kumar G. , Moonesinghe S. R. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryCritical care admission may be necessary for surgical patients requiring organ support or invasive monitoring in the peri‐operative period. Unplanned critical care admission poses a potential risk to patients and pressure on services. Existing guidelines base admission criteria on predicted risk of 30‐day mortality; however, this may not provide the best predictor of which patients would benefit from this service, and how unplanned admission might be avoided. A systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, the Cochrane database and the grey literature identified 44 studies assessing risk factors for unplanned critical care admission in adult populations undergoing non‐cardiac, non‐thoracic and non‐neurological surgery. Comparative, quantitative analysis of the admission criteria was not feasible due to heterogeneity in study design. Age, anaemia, ASA physical status, body mass index, comorbidity burden, emergency surgery, high‐risk surgery, male sex, obstructive sleep apnoea, increased blood loss and operative duration were all independent risk factors for unplanned critical care admission. Age, body mass index, comorbidity extent and emergency surgery were the most common independent risk factors identified in the USA, UK, Asia and Australia. These risk factors could be used in the development of a risk tool or decision tree for determining which patients might benefit from planned critical care admission. Future work should involve testing the sensitivity and specificity of these measures, either alone or in combination, to guide planned critical care admission, reduce patient deterioration and unplanned admissions.
Influence of propofol‐based total intravenous anaesthesia on peri‐operative outcome measures: a narrative review
Authors: Irwin M. G. , Chung C. K. E. , Ip K. Y. , Wiles M. D. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryPropofol‐based total intravenous anaesthesia is well known for its smooth, clear‐headed recovery and anti‐emetic properties, but there are also many lesser known beneficial properties that can potentially influence surgical outcome. We will discuss the anti‐oxidant, anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of propofol and their roles in pain, organ protection and immunity. We will also discuss the use of propofol in cancer surgery, neurosurgery and older patients.
Priorities for peri‐operative research in Africa
Authors: Biccard B.M. ,   The African Peri‐operative Research Group (APORG) working group
Published: January 2020

SummaryDeaths following surgery are the third largest contributor to deaths globally, and in Africa are twice the global average. There is a need for a peri‐operative research agenda to ensure co‐ordinated, collaborative research efforts across Africa in order to decrease peri‐operative mortality. The objective was to determine the top 10 research priorities for peri‐operative research in Africa. A Delphi technique was used to establish consensus on the top research priorities. The top 10 research priorities identified were (1) Develop training standards for peri‐operative healthcare providers (surgical, anaesthesia and nursing) in Africa; (2) Develop minimum provision of care standards for peri‐operative healthcare providers (surgical, anaesthesia and nursing) in Africa; (3) Early identification and management of mothers at risk from peripartum haemorrhage in the peri‐operative period; (4) The role of communication and teamwork between surgical, anaesthetic, nursing and other teams involved in peri‐operative care; (5) A facility audit/African World Health Organization situational analysis tool audit to assess emergency and essential surgical care, which includes anaesthetic equipment available and level of training and knowledge of peri‐operative healthcare providers (surgeons, anaesthetists and nurses); (6) Establishing evidence‐based practice guidelines for peri‐operative physicians in Africa; (7) Economic analysis of strategies to finance access to surgery in Africa; (8) Establishment of a minimum dataset surgical registry; (9) A quality improvement programme to improve implementation of the surgical safety checklist; and (10) Peri‐operative outcomes associated with emergency surgery. These peri‐operative research priorities provide the structure for an intermediate‐term research agenda to improve peri‐operative outcomes across Africa.
Exploring illness denial of LVAD patients in cardiac rehabilitation and their caregivers: A preliminary study
Authors: Rossi Ferrario Silvia , Panzeri Anna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImplantable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly used for patients with heart failure. Despite this evidence, the psychological processes affecting implanted patients and their caregivers are only marginally studied. While common emotional reactions, such as anxiety and depression already receive attention, very little is known about the course of caregiver strain, illness denial, and their reciprocal relation. This preliminary study aims at exploring these critical topics in a cardiac rehabilitation setting, besides offering indications for future research. A total of 44 LVAD patients and caregivers were administered specific questionnaires at admission and discharge from cardiac rehabilitation. Overall, questionnaires completed at discharge showed a positive improvement in the emotional measures used. However, they also showed a worsening in the illness denial measure. We suggest that the denial process may prepare patients and caregivers in returning home. Moreover, we conclude that studying only the common emotional reactions may limit the understanding of the psychological process adaptation to severe illness.
Four‐dimensional Variability of Composite Halokinetic Sequences
Authors: Pichel Leonardo M. , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe architecture of salt diapir‐flank strata (i.e. halokinetic sequences) is controlled by the interplay between volumetric diapiric flux and sediment accumulation. Halokinetic sequences consist of unconformity‐bounded packages of thinned and folded strata formed by drape folding around passive diapirs. They are described by two end‐members: (a) hooks, which are characterized by narrow zones of folding (<200 m) and high taper angles (>70°); and (b) wedges, typified by broad zones of folding (300–1000 m) and low taper angles (<30°). Hooks and wedges stack to form tabular and tapered composite halokinetic sequences (CHS) respectively. CHSs were most thoroughly described from outcrop‐based studies that, although able to capture their high‐resolution facies variations, are limited in describing their 4D variability. This study integrates 3D seismic data from the Precaspian Basin and restorations to examine variations in CHS architecture through time and space along diapirs with variable plan‐form and cross‐sectional geometries. The diapirs consist of curvilinear walls that vary from upright to inclined and locally display well‐developed salt shoulders and/or laterally transition into rollers. CHS are highly variable in both time and space, even along a single diapir or minibasin. A single CHS can transition along a salt wall from tabular to tapered geometries. They can be downturned and exhibit rollover‐synclinal geometries with thickening towards the diapir above salt shoulders. Inclined walls present a greater proportion of tapered CHSs implying an overall greater ratio between sediment accumulation and salt‐rise relatively to vertical walls. In terms of vertical stacking, CHS can present a typical zonation with lower tapered, intermediate tabular and upper tapered CHSs, but also unique patterns where the lower sequences are tabular and transition upward to tapered CHS. The study demonstrates that CHSs are more variable than previously documented, indicating a complex interplay between volumetric salt rise, diapir‐flank geometry, sediment accumulation and roof dimensions.
Congenital anomalies in children with cerebral palsy in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Manlongat Ellen , Mcintyre Sarah , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , Trivedi Amit , Muhit Mohammad , Badawi Nadia , Khandaker Gulam 
Published: January 2020

AimTo determine the proportion of children with cerebral palsy (CP) who had major congenital anomalies, describe the types of disorders, and report on the children's functional outcomes.MethodData were extracted from the Bangladesh Cerebral Palsy Register (BCPR). Descriptive analyses were conducted on children with CP and major congenital anomalies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to measure the association between major congenital anomalies, clinical severity, and presence of comorbidities.ResultsBetween January 2015 and December 2016, 726 children with CP were newly registered with the BCPR (277 females, 449 males; mean age [SD] at registration 90mo [54mo], 4mo–18y). Seventy‐eight children (11%) had a major congenital anomaly. Neurological (86%) and musculoskeletal congenital anomalies (10%) were the most common. Microcephaly was the most common congenital anomaly (83%). The odds of severe functional motor limitations (OR=2.4, 95% CI=1.9–2.9), epilepsy (OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.1–2.1), visual impairment (OR=2.6, 95% CI=2.0–3.2), presence of strabismus (OR=3.9, 95% CI=3.8–4.4), hearing (OR=1.2, 95% CI=0.6–1.9), speech (OR=5.4, 95% CI=4.6–6.2), and intellectual impairments (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.8–2.8) were higher in children with congenital anomalies compared to children without.InterpretationThe proportion of children with major congenital anomalies in the BCPR (11%) was lower than that identified in higher‐income countries. This may be because of differences in how congenital anomalies are diagnosed as well as the impact of survival bias. In Bangladesh, children with CP and major congenital anomalies are more likely to have severe functional motor limitations and associated comorbidities.What this paper adds

Eleven per cent of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Bangladesh had major congenital anomalies.

Neurological and musculoskeletal congenital anomalies were the most common.

Severe functional motor limitations and associated comorbidities were more common in children presenting with CP and major congenital anomalies.
Association between left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and subclinical coronary artery calcification
Authors: Mansour Mohamad Jihad , Chammas Elie , Hamoui Omar , Honeine Walid , AlJaroudi Wael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of diastolic dysfunction (DD) by echocardiography is an integral part of the evaluation of patients with normal ejection fraction and symptoms suggestive of heart failure. However, many patients with DD are asymptomatic. Computed tomography calcium scoring (CTCS) is often used to assess patients at low‐intermediate risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of DD with subclinical coronary artery calcification.MethodsConsecutive patients presenting for executive checkup who underwent resting transthoracic echocardiography followed by CTCS were retrospectively identified between January 2010 and December 2014. Two‐dimensional and tissue Doppler imaging parameters were analyzed for assessing and grading of DD. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score was quantified.ResultsA total of 191 patients (mean age 52 ± 12 years, 17% age ≥65, 20% with diabetes) were included. Of them, 69 (36%) patients had DD. Patients with higher CAC score were older, had more comorbidities, lower e′, and were more likely to have DD. In the multivariate analysis, DD alone, age >65 years, or both were associated with almost threefold increase of subclinical atherosclerosis. After propensity analysis, DD was still associated with increased odds ratio (OR) for subclinical CAC (OR 3.66 [1.54‐8.72], P‐value .03) and similarly for e′ < 10 cm/s. Compared to patients age <65 years and normal diastolic function, those age >65 years or DD had OR 3.49 (1.45‐8.35) (P‐value .005) for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (CAC > 0), whereas those age >65 and DD had OR 9.30 (2.00‐42) (P‐value .004).ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that DD was strongly associated with CAC > 0, particularly among those age <65 years. Assessment of CAC as part of the routine clinical evaluation of patients with normal EF and atypical symptoms without a history of coronary atherosclerotic disease is warranted for further risk stratification.
Dental trauma learning facilitators for medical doctors: A viewpoint
Authors: Yeng Thai , O'Sullivan Anthony J. , Shulruf Boaz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt is important for medical doctors to be equipped with the requisite knowledge and skills to manage dental trauma cases when patients present to them in an emergency. The aim of this paper is to identify facilitators (factors that enhance learning) that may impact on the ability and competency of medical doctors, who are expected to treat traumatic dental injuries (TDI), to appropriately treat and manage such cases. A change in medical curricula that is more inclusive of dental education and TDI management is imperative to promote effective teaching and learning of the treatment and management of dental trauma cases.
Clinical efficacy and plausibility of a smartphone‐based integrated online real‐time diabetes care system via glucose and diet data management: a pilot study
Authors: Ku Eu Jeong , Park Ji‐In , Jeon Hyun Jeong , Oh Taekeun , Choi Hyung Jin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSmartphones have become novel healthcare tools for patients with diabetes. However, it is uncertain whether the smartphone application support system helps in glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and plausibility of smartphone‐based integrated online real‐time diabetes care.MethodsForty patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to the smartphone‐based care (SC) (n = 20) and conventional care (CC) (n = 20) groups for 12 weeks. The SC group was instructed to use smartphone application (Noom Coach) and a glucose meter, and was provided medical supervision based on blood glucose level and food intake information sent to the central database server. The efficacy was evaluated by glycated haemoglobin (A1C ≤ 6.5%). The Summary of Diabetes Self‐Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire was collected at baseline and at week 12.ResultsSeventeen and 18 patients of the SC and CC groups completed the study respectively. In the SC group, more patients achieved target A1C compared with the CC group (47.1% vs 11.1%, P = 0.019). In both group, SDSCA scores excluding the exercise item showed overall improvement (general diet, 1.4 ± 2.0 → 2.6 ± 2.3 vs 0.4 ± 1.1 → 1.8 ± 2.2; specific diet, 4.2 ± 1.7 → 5.4 ± 1.2 vs 3.8 ± 1.6 → 5.1 ± 1.1; blood glucose test, 3.3 ± 2.8 → 4.9 ± 2.3 vs 1.0 ± 2.2 → 4.7 ± 2.3; foot care, 1.5 ± 1.6 → 3.6 ± 2.8 vs 1.4 ± 1.9 → 6.1 ± 1.4; all P < 0.05). There was no difference between both groups other than the aspect of foot care (P = 0.008).ConclusionsThe smartphone‐based integrated online real‐time diabetes care system through glucose and diet data management showed clinical plausibility in glucose control in real clinical practice.