bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Supernova Remnant Population of NGC 6946 as Observed in [Fe ii] 1.644 μm with HST*
Authors: Long Knox S. , Blair William P. , Winkler P. Frank , Lacey Christina K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
NGC 6946 is a high-star-formation-rate, face-on, spiral galaxy that has hosted 10 supernovae since 1917. Not surprisingly, a large number of supernova remnants and candidates have been identified either as optical nebulae with high [S ii]:Hα line ratios (147) or as compact non-thermal radio sources (35). However, there are only seven overlaps between these two samples. Here, we apply [Fe ii] 1.644 μm emission as a new diagnostic to search for supernova remnants in an attempt to resolve this discrepancy. [Fe ii] is expected to be relatively strong in the radiative shocks of supernova remnants and almost absent in H ii regions. It is less susceptible to the effects of absorption along the line of sight than the optical lines normally used to identify remnants. Using data from the WFC3 camera on Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we identify 132 [Fe ii] emission nebulae in NGC 6946 as likely supernova remnants. Of these, 54 align with previously known optical supernova remnants. The remaining 78 objects are new; of these 44 are visible in new HST imagery in Hα and [S ii]. This brings the total number of supernova remnant candidates (from optical and/or IR data) in NGC 6946 to 225. A total of 14 coincidences with radio supernova remnant candidates (out of 30 in our search area) are found in this expanded list. The identification of so many new remnant candidates validates the use of [Fe ii] imagery for finding remnants, and suggests that previous remnant searches in other galaxies may be far from complete.
Extensive Study of a Coronal Mass Ejection with UV and White-light Coronagraphs: The Need for Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: Ying Beili , Bemporad Alessandro , Feng Li , Lu Lei , Gan Weiqun , Li Hui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) often show different features in different bandpasses. By combining data in white-light (WL) and ultraviolet (UV) bands, we have applied different techniques to derive plasma temperatures, electron density, internal radial speed, and so on, within a fast CME. They serve as extensive tests of the diagnostic capabilities developed for the observations provided by future multichannel coronagraphs (such as Solar Orbiter/Metis, Chinese Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory/Lyα Solar Telescope (LST), and PROBA-3/ASPIICS). The data involved include WL images acquired by Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)/Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) coronagraphs, and intensities measured by the SOHO/UV Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) at 2.45 R
⊙ in the UV (H i Lyα and O vi 1032 Å lines) and WL channels. Data from the UVCS WL channel have been employed for the first time to measure the CME position angle with the polarization-ratio technique. Plasma electron and effective temperatures of the CME core and void are estimated by combining UV and WL data. Due to the CME expansion and the possible existence of prominence segments, the transit of the CME core results in decreases in the electron temperature down to 105 K. The front is observed as a significant dimming in the Lyα intensity, associated with a line broadening due to plasma heating and flows along the line of sight. The 2D distribution of plasma speeds within the CME body is reconstructed from LASCO images and employed to constrain the Doppler dimming of the Lyα line and simulate future CME observations by Metis and LST.
The Importance of Having an Extended Point-spread Function in Low Surface-brightness Science
Authors: Infante-Sainz Raúl , Trujillo Ignacio , Román Javier 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Obtaining and characterizing the extended point-spread function (PSF) is essential to extract accurate photometric information from deep imaging surveys. In this contribution, we present the extended PSFs of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). By stacking images of individual stars with different brightness, two-dimensional SDSS PSFs extending over 8 arcmin in radius for all the SDSS filters have been obtained. We demonstrate how to use the PSF models for correcting the scattered light field produced by the brightest stars in the Coma cluster central region field. This example shows the enormous importance of extended PSFs in the study of the low-surface brightness Universe, especially with the upcoming of ultra-deep surveys such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). All PSF models and the scripts used to obtain them are publicly available and further details can be found in Infante-Sainz et al. (2020).
Le canal de Suez face aux évolutions de la marine marchande : un siècle et demi de défis techniques
Authors: Piquet Caroline 
Published: August 2020

Le canal de Suez depuis son ouverture à la navigation en 1869 représente une réalisation technique en évolution permanente, soumise aux évolutions de la marine marchande au cours des deux derniers siècles. Au xixe siècle, il constitue une étape décisive dans l’histoire des travaux publics en révolutionnant les techniques de dragage. L’essor du commerce maritime dans le dernier quart du xixe siècle pousse les ingénieurs à concevoir plusieurs programmes d’adaptation du canal en fonction de la modernisation des flottes. Au siècle suivant, l’apparition des tankers et porte-conteneurs toujours plus imposants impose de nouveaux travaux au canal afin que celui-ci puisse conserver son rang parmi les premières routes maritimes mondiales. Au début du xxie siècle, avec les travaux de 2015, cette préoccupation demeure essentielle pour l’Égypte qui entend grâce au canal consolider sa place dans le commerce entre l’Europe et l’Asie.
Complement Receptor 3 Contributes to the Sexual Dimorphism in Neutrophil Killing of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pokhrel Srijana , Triplett Kathleen D. , Daly Seth M. , Joyner Jason A. , Sharma Geetanjali , Hathaway Helen J. , Prossnitz Eric R. , Hall Pamela R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We previously reported sex differences in innate susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus skin infection and that bone marrow neutrophils (BMN) from female mice have an enhanced ability to kill S. aureus ex vivo compared with those of male mice. However, the mechanism(s) driving this sex bias in neutrophil killing have not been reported. Given the role of opsonins such as complement, as well as their receptors, in S. aureus recognition and clearance, we investigated their contribution to the enhanced bactericidal capacity of female BMN. We found that levels of C3 in the serum and CR3 (CD11b/CD18) on the surface of BMN were higher in female compared with male mice. Consistent with increased CR3 expression following TNF-α priming, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important bactericidal effector, was also increased in female versus male BMN in response to serum-opsonized S. aureus. Furthermore, blocking CD11b reduced both ROS levels and S. aureus killing by murine BMN from both sexes. However, at the same concentration of CD11b blocking Ab, S. aureus killing by female BMN was greatly reduced compared with those from male mice, suggesting CR3-dependent differences in bacterial killing between sexes. Overall, this work highlights the contributions of CR3, C3, and ROS to innate sex bias in the neutrophil response to S. aureus. Given that neutrophils are crucial for S. aureus clearance, understanding the mechanism(s) driving the innate sex bias in neutrophil bactericidal capacity could identify novel host factors important for host defense against S. aureus.
Participation Is Associated With Well-Being Among Community-Based Veterans: An Investigation of Coping Ability, Meaningful Activity, and Social Support as Mediating Mechanisms
Authors: Kinney Adam R. , Graham James E. , Eakman Aaron M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Importance: Occupational therapy practitioners can use therapeutic activity to promote veterans’ well-being, but the mechanisms through which participation promotes well-being are poorly understood.
Objective: To examine whether coping ability, meaningful activity, and social support mediate the relationship between participation and two indicators of veterans’ overall well-being: life meaning (psychological well-being) and life satisfaction (subjective well-being).
Design: Explanatory cross-sectional design. We used two multiple mediation models to test whether coping ability, meaningful activity, and social support explained the relationship between participation and both life meaning and life satisfaction. Models were adjusted for demographic characteristics and service-related health conditions (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder).
Setting: Community.
Participants: Three hundred eighty-nine community-based veterans attending college.
Intervention: None.
Outcomes and Measures: Measures of participation, coping ability, meaningful activity, social support, life meaning, life satisfaction, and service-related health conditions.
Results: Meaningfulness of activity partially explained the relationship between participation and both psychological well-being (B = 0.16, standard error [SE] = 0.04, 99% confidence interval [CI] [0.07, 0.27]) and subjective well-being (B = 0.14, SE = 0.03, 99% CI [0.07, 0.24]). Social support partially explained the relationship between participation and subjective well-being (B = 0.05, SE = 0.02, 99% CI [0.01, 0.11]). These findings persisted when symptoms of service-related health conditions were accounted for.
Conclusions and Relevance: Veterans’ participation is associated with a greater sense of meaningful activity and social support, which in turn promotes psychological and subjective well-being. Occupational therapy practitioners may promote veterans’ well-being by supporting engagement in activities that elicit meaning and enable social interaction, although further study is needed.
What This Article Adds: This is among the first studies to test mechanisms underlying the relationship between veterans’ engagement in activities and their overall well-being. Results may inform treatment theories for activity-based interventions in the veteran population. For example, results indicate that occupational therapy interventions that facilitate engagement in meaningful and shared activities could be developed to promote veterans’ well-being.
Optical properties of Central Asian aerosol relevant for spaceborne lidar applications and aerosol typing at 355 and 532 nm
Authors: Hofer Julian , Ansmann Albert , Althausen Dietrich , Engelmann Ronny , Baars Holger , Fomba Khanneh Wadinga , Wandinger Ulla , Abdullaev Sabur F. , Makhmudov Abduvosit N. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. For the first time, a dense data set of particle extinction-to-backscatter ratios (lidar ratios), linear depolarization ratios, and backscatter- and extinction-related Ångström exponents for a Central Asian site are presented. The observations were performed with a continuously running multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar at Dushanbe, Tajikistan, during an 18-month campaign (March 2015 to August 2016). The presented seasonally resolved observations fill an important gap in the database of aerosol optical properties used in aerosol typing efforts with spaceborne lidars and ground-based lidar networks. Lidar ratios and depolarization ratios are also basic input parameters in spaceborne lidar data analyses and in efforts to harmonize long-term observations with different space lidar systems operated at either 355 or 532 nm. As a general result, the found optical properties reflect the large range of occurring aerosol mixtures consisting of long-range-transported dust (from the Middle East and the Sahara), regional desert, soil, and salt dust, and anthropogenic pollution. The full range from highly polluted to pure dust situations could be observed. Typical dust depolarization ratios of 0.23–0.29 (355 nm) and 0.30–0.35 (532 nm) were observed. In contrast, comparably low lidar ratios were found. Dust lidar ratios at 532 nm accumulated around 35–40 sr and were even lower for regional background dust conditions (20–30 sr).
Detailed correlation studies (e.g., lidar ratio vs. depolarization ratios, Ångström exponent vs. lidar ratio and vs. depolarization ratio) are presented to illuminate the complex relationships between the observed optical properties and to identify the contributions of anthropogenic haze, dust, and background aerosol to the overall aerosol mixtures found within the 18-month campaign.
The observation of 532 nm lidar ratios (<25 sr) and depolarization ratios (around 15 %–20 %) in layers with very low particle extinction coefficient (<30 sr) suggests that direct emission and emission of resuspended salt dust (initially originated from numerous desiccating lakes and the Aralkum desert) have a sensitive impact on the aerosol background optical properties over Dushanbe.
Reseña. Hernán Vanoli. El amor por la literatura en tiempos de algoritmos. 11 hipótesis para discutir con escritores, editores, lectores, gestores y demás militantes. Siglo XXI Editores. Crisis, 2019 y Oriana Seccia. ¿Clase media? Ensayos de literatura y sociedad. Desde Gino Germani a la Nueva Narrativa Argentina. Ubu ediciones, 2019
Authors: Riveiro María Belén 
Published: August 2020

Reseña. Hernán Vanoli. El amor por la literatura en tiempos de algoritmos. 11 hipótesis para discutir con escritores, editores, lectores, gestores y demás militantes. Siglo XXI Editores. Crisis, 2019 y Oriana Seccia. ¿Clase media? Ensayos de literatura y sociedad. Desde Gino Germani a la Nueva Narrativa Argentina. Ubu ediciones, 2019
Desigualdade e seletividade social das medidas de contenção da Covid-19 na periferia de Curitiba
Authors: De Souza Marcelo Nogueira 
Published: August 2020

O artigo analisa alguns aspectos da desigualdade na cidade de Curitiba e seus desdobramentos diante da pandemia de Covid-19. A análise comparativa se baseia no Índice de Bem-estar Urbano (Ibeu), desenvolvido pelo Observatório das Metrópoles; no Índice de Vulnerabilidade das Áreas de Abrangência das Unidades Municipais de Saúde (Ivab), desenvolvido pelo Ipardes; além de dados do Ipea (2020), que constataram que a região central de Curitiba segue o mesmo padrão observado em outras cidades, ou seja, concentra um maior número de hospitais com condições para atender a pacientes em estado grave com suspeita de Covid-19, revelando, assim, a seletividade social das medidas de higiene e isolamento recomendadas pelas autoridades.
The association between renal stones and fasting: A systematic review
Authors: Kirubarajan Abirami , Lam Andrew C.L. , Khan Shawn , Yau Matthew , Golda Nicole , Buckley Roger 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Fasting is a common cultural practice worldwide for both religious and dietary reasons. However, there is concern that fasting may be a risk factor for the development of renal stones. To date, there has not been a systematic assessment of the literature regarding the association between renal stones and fasting.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines of three databases: Medline-OVID, EMBASE, and CINAHL. All screening and extraction was completed in parallel with two independent reviewers.
Results: Of the 1501 database citations, a total of 10 observational studies with a total of 9906 participants were included. Nine of the studies were conducted in the context of Islamic fasting during Ramadan, with the majority (7/9) finding that renal colic incidence was unaffected by the month of fasting. In contrast, two studies noted an increased incidence among fasting populations. Two other studies noted that urine metabolites and density were altered with fasting but did not translate into clinical outcomes.
Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, it is unlikely that fasting significantly increases the risk of renal stones. Physicians should counsel higher-risk patients on safe fasting practices.
The photo-inhibition of camphor leaves (Cinnamomum camphora L.) by NaCl stress based on physiological, chloroplast structure and comparative proteomic analysis
Authors: Yue Jiammin , Shi Dawei , Zhang Liang , Zhang Zihan , Fu Zhiyuan , Ren Qiong , Zhang Jinchi 
Published: August 2020

Background
The distribution and use of camphor (Cinnamomum camphora L.) trees are constrained by increasing soil salinity in south-eastern China along the Yangtze River. However, the response mechanism of this species to salinity, especially in team of photosynthesis, are unknown.

Methods
Here, we analysed themorphological, physiological, ultrastructural, and proteomic traits of camphor seedlings under NaCl (103.45 mM) treatment in pot experiments for 80 days.

Results
The growth was limited because of photosynthetic inhibition, with the most significant disturbance occurring within 50 days. Salinity caused severe reductions in the leaf photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal conductance (gs), maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fm), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), relative quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and photo-pigment contents (chlorophyll a (Cha), chlorophyll b (Chb), total chlorophyll (Chl)); weakened the antioxidant effects, including those of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD); and injured chloroplasts. The physiologicalresults indicated that the main reason for photo-inhibition was oxidative factors induced by NaCl. The proteomic results based on isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) further confirmedthat photosynthesis was the most significant disrupted process by salinity (P < 0.01) and there were 30 downregulated differentially expression proteins (DEPs) and one upregulated DEP related to restraint of the photosynthetic system, which affected photosystem I, photosystem II, the Cytochrome b6/f complex, ATP synthase and the light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complex. In addition, 57 DEPs were related to photo-inhibition by redox effect and 6 downregulated DEPs, including O2 evolving complex 33kD family protein (gi—224094610) and five other predicted proteins (gi—743921083, gi—743840443, gi—743885735, gi—743810316 and gi—743881832) were directly affected. This study provides new proteomic information and explains the possible mechanisms of photo-inhibition caused by salinity on C. camphor.
Neuropsychological Changes in Children with Sickle Cell Disease and Their Correlation to the Imaging Studies
Authors: Yassien Marwa , Fayed Hazem , Shanshory Mohamed El- , Nassar Hassan , Osman Mohamed 
Published: August 2020

Background: Early detection of neuropsychological changes in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is essential to improve their quality of life.
Aim of the Work: To assess neurological and psychological disorders in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) using multimodal approach through clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies in a trial to detect etiological risk factors.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Pediatric (Hematology Unit) and Department of Neurology, Tanta University Hospital Egypt, between April 2016 and April 2018.
Methodology: This study was conducted on 50 children (27 male and 23 female; age range 2-18 years) with SCD and 25 healthy children matched age and sex. All subjects were subjected to full history taking, neurologic examination using pediatric neurological sheet, laboratory investigations, neuroimaging including: CT and /or MRI, MRA and/or CT angiography, also MR, EEG and Stanford-Binet Intelligence scales-Fifth Edition.
Results: Most of patients presented with headache 66%, cognitive decline 48%, seizures 28%, and visual affection 24%. Less common presentations were, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke 6% and 4% respectively. SCD children showed many abnormalities on neurological examination and on different modalities of MR imaging on the brain with positive correlation (X2=7.641, p-value <0.001*, r=0.248) with many risk factors. Prophylactic blood transfusion in SCD patients with abnormal TCD had a role in reducing the incidence of stroke.
Conclusion: Children with SCD were presented with variable neuropsychological disturbance that correlated with the brain imaging.
Knowledge, Practices and Attitude of Healthcare Providers about Using Face Mask to Limit the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus Disease
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Alanazi Omar S. , Alzahrani Abeer A. , Alonazi Rana E. 
Published: August 2020

Aim: There is evidence that health care providers have insufficient knowledge and poor practices regarding the use of surgical mask. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the knowledge, practices and attitude of healthcare providers about using face mask in order to limit the spreading of the novel coronavirus disease.
Methodology: This was a cross sectional pilot study included a questionnaire about the knowledge of health care workers regarding the use of surgical face mask to prevent the new COVID-19 spreading and about their practices and the attitude of them regarding the use of surgical face mask to limit the new COVID-19 exposure.
Results: About 86.21% of health care workers said that the correct way of using surgical face mask is White side facing in and about 65.52% of them said that N-95 mask is the mask type that actually protect against COVID-19. All of the respondents reported that they wear a mask in public places to protect themselves against COVID-19 and that they wear a mask in hospital premises to protect themselves against COVID-19 (100.00%).
Conclusion: The Knowledge, attitude, and practice of health care providers regarding the use of surgical face masks were found to be good but still more knowledge is required about several aspects such as the types of masks, the duration of using masks and the disposal of the masks.
How does the shape and surface energy of pores affect the adsorption of nanoconfined fluids?
Authors: Cárdenas Harry , Müller Erich A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report a systematic molecular simulation study of the behavior of Lennard–Jones fluids inside nanopores of diverse shapes, focusing on the effect that the pore geometry and the local energetic environment have on the adsorption isotherms. Infinitely long pores with polygon (triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, octagon, decagon, and circle) cross sections are considered. Three different pore sizes commensurate with the molecular diameters along with three different values of fluid–solid energy interactions are chosen to perform Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations at a subcritical temperature. Overall, the effect of nanoconfinement on the adsorption of fluids is seen to be a delicate balance between the geometric packing restrictions imposed by the hard cores of the molecules and the surfaces, the excess adsorption induced by the presence (or absence) of energetically favored “hot spots” and the overall ratio of surface/bulk fluid volume present in the pore.
Moving boundary approach to forecast tight oil production
Authors: Velasco Raul , Panja Palash , Deo Milind 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA novel semianalytical production predictive tool for tight reservoirs based on the application of material balance on a transient linear flow system is developed in this paper. This method considers two important regions during transient production of oil reservoirs: the saturated region where gas evolves and flows with oil, and the undersaturated region where only oil flows. A zonal moving boundary approach is used to evolve the two regions as the reservoir pressure gradually decreases. A semianalytical method is used to calculate pressures in the various regions and volumetric expansions. For both black oil and volatile oil scenarios, calculations from this analytical framework are able to match reservoir pressures, oil and gas rates, and cumulative gas–oil ratios determined using a reservoir simulator. The model was also applied to wells in tight reservoirs around the United States such as the Bakken (ND) and the Eagle Ford (TX) with reasonable success.