bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Main Belt asteroid as a Possible Younger Dryas impactor
Authors: Usatov Maxim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Younger Dryas (YD) cosmic impact hypothesis is gaining support due to the increasing amount of proxy evidence from 26 Younger Dryas Boundary sites that includes depositions of magnetic, silicate, and carbon spherules; high‐temperature meltglass and melt accretions; nanodiamonds, and Ir and Pt deposits, as well as evidence of major biomass burning and widespread extinctions in stratigraphic layers dated ∼12.8 kyr ago. Among the possible causes, an encounter with a swarm of fragments on an orbit similar to that of 2P/Encke is proposed. This work suggests another potential source of impacting material that requires no special events in the Solar System: Main Belt asteroids excited into highly eccentric Earth‐crossing orbits via mean‐motion resonance with Jupiter and the ν6 secular resonance with Saturn—the established mechanisms of Main Asteroid Belt depletion and Earth‐bound meteorite delivery. It is shown that the probability of and the time between collisions of ejected material with Earth (Δt ∼ 32 kyr), as well as the energy of impacts, are broadly compatible with the YD impact proxy evidence. Such events may reoccur via bombardments of fragment swarms, potentially challenging existing asteroid deflection concepts.
Isolating cost drivers in interstitial lung disease treatment using nonparametric Bayesian methods
Authors: Kurz Christoph F. , Stafford Seth 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMixture modeling is a popular approach to accommodate overdispersion, skewness, and multimodality features that are very common for health care utilization data. However, mixture modeling tends to rely on subjective judgment regarding the appropriate number of mixture components or some hypothesis about how to cluster the data. In this work, we adopt a nonparametric, variational Bayesian approach to allow the model to select the number of components while estimating their parameters. Our model allows for a probabilistic classification of observations into clusters and simultaneous estimation of a Gaussian regression model within each cluster. When we apply this approach to data on patients with interstitial lung disease, we find distinct subgroups of patients with differences in means and variances of health care costs, health and treatment covariates, and relationships between covariates and costs. The subgroups identified are readily interpretable, suggesting that this nonparametric variational approach to inference can discover valid insights into the factors driving treatment costs. Moreover, the learning algorithm we employed is very fast and scalable, which should make the technique accessible for a broad range of applications.
Microcarrier expansion of c‐MycERTAM‐modified human olfactory mucosa cells for neural regeneration
Authors: Valinhas Ana , Santiago‐Toledo Gerardo , Wall Ivan B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman olfactory mucosa cells (hOMCs) have potential as a regenerative therapy for spinal cord injury. In our earlier work, we derived PA5 cells, a polyclonal population that retains functional attributes of primary human OMCs. Microcarrier suspension culture is an alternative to planar two‐dimensinal culture to produce cells in quantities that can meet the needs of clinical development. This study aimed to screen the effects of 10 microcarriers on PA5 hOMCs yield and phenotype. Studies performed in well plates led to a 2.9‐fold higher cell yield on plastic compared to plastic plus microcarriers with upregulation of neural markers β‐III tubulin and nestin for both conditions. Microcarrier suspension culture resulted in concentrations of 1.4 × 105 cells/ml and 4.9 × 104 cells/ml for plastic and plastic plus, respectively, after 7 days. p75NTR transcript was significantly upregulated for PA5 hOMCs grown on Plastic Plus compared to Plastic. Furthermore, coculture of PA5 hOMCs grown on Plastic Plus with a neuronal cell line (NG108‐15) led to increased neurite outgrowth. This study shows successful expansion of PA5 cells using suspension culture on microcarriers, and it reveals competing effects of microcarriers on cell expansion versus functional attributes, showing that designing scalable bioprocesses should not only be driven by cell yields.
Obese patients and robotic colorectal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Suwa Y , Joshi M , Poynter L , Endo I , Ashrafian H , Darzi A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Obesity is a major health problem, demonstrated to double the risk of colorectal cancer. The benefits of robotic colorectal surgery in obese patients remain largely unknown. This meta-analysis evaluated the clinical and pathological outcomes of robotic colorectal surgery in obese and non-obese patients.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, Healthcare Management Information Consortium (HMIC) and Midwives Information and Resources Service (MIDIRS) databases were searched on 1 August 2018 with no language restriction. Meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Obese patients (BMI 30 kg/m2 or above) undergoing robotic colorectal cancer resections were compared with non-obese patients. Included outcome measures were: operative outcomes (duration of surgery, conversion to laparotomy, blood loss), postoperative complications, hospital length of stay and pathological outcomes (number of retrieved lymph nodes, positive circumferential resection margins and length of distal margin in rectal surgery).

Results
A total of 131 full-text articles were reviewed, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. There were 3166 non-obese and 1420 obese patients. A longer duration of surgery was documented in obese compared with non-obese patients (weighted mean difference −21·99 (95 per cent c.i. −31·52 to −12·46) min; P &lt; 0·001). Obese patients had a higher rate of conversion to laparotomy than non-obese patients (odds ratio 1·99, 95 per cent c.i. 1·54 to 2·56; P &lt; 0·001). Blood loss, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay and pathological outcomes were not significantly different in obese and non-obese patients.

Conclusion
Robotic surgery in obese patients results in a significantly longer duration of surgery and higher conversion rates than in non-obese patients. Further studies should focus on better stratification of the obese population with colorectal disease as candidates for robotic procedures.
Case series of fluoroscopic findings and 3D reconstruction of human spinal MRIs of the space of Okada
Authors: Reina Miguel A. , Avellanal Martín , Boezaart André P. , Tubbs R. Shane , De Andrés José , Nin Olga C. , Prats‐Galino Alberto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo better understand the unexpected spread of contrast medium observed by conventional fluoroscopic X‐ray images during standard neuraxial techniques used in the treatment of pain. The support of 3D reconstruction of MRI images of structures within the lumbar spine was used to better understand the space of Okada.MethodsLumbar facet joint and epidural corticosteroid injections in five patients under fluoroscopic guidance with loss of resistance to air or saline to identify the facet joints or epidural space. Next, in a retrospective study, the authors examined the retrodural space of Okada and the neighboring tissues with 3D reconstruction of spinal MRIs of seven patients without any demonstrable spinal pathology to better understand the characteristics of the space of Okada.ResultsContrast medium spread to the ipsilateral and contralateral sides was observed in five patients. The contralateral spread was thought to be through the retrodural space of Okada, which is a potential space between the anterior surface of the vertebral lamina and the posterior surface of the ligamentum flavum. It facilitates communication between the contralateral articular facet joints of the spine.ConclusionsThis study provides new evidence for the existence of the space of Okada where an unexpected contralateral spread occurred following facet joint and attempted epidural injection. The 3D reconstructions of MRIs may help us better understand the nature of the retrodural space of Okada and its clinical implications.
Second primary breast cancer after unilateral mastectomy alone or with contralateral prophylactic mastectomy
Authors: Agarwal Shailesh , Pappas Lisa , Matsen Cindy B. , Agarwal Jayant P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of patients undergo contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) for unilateral breast cancer. However, the benefit of CPM has not been quantified in the setting of contemporary breast cancer therapy.MethodsWe performed an analysis of 180 068 patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, diagnosed with unilateral ductal breast carcinoma between 1998 and 2013 and treated with unilateral mastectomy (UM) or CPM. UM was performed in 146 213 patients (81.2%); CPM was performed in 33 855 patients (19.8%). Primary outcome of interest was cumulative incidence of a second primary breast cancer in the ipsilateral or contralateral breast greater than 3 months after initial diagnosis. Cumulative incidence analysis was based on a Cox proportional model to generate curves of second primary breast cancer in any breast, ipsilateral breast only, or contralateral breast only.ResultsPatients who underwent CPM had a significantly reduced incidence of second primary breast cancer 10 and 15 years after surgery (CPM 0.93% [0.73%, 1.12%] vs UM 4.44% [4.28%, 4.60%]). Patients who underwent CPM had significantly lower adjusted hazard of second primary breast cancer when compared with UM (HR 0.38 vs 1.0, P < .0001).ConclusionsCPM offers some protection from a second primary breast cancer, attributable to a reduced incidence in the contralateral breast. These findings provide additional information to providers and patients as they make decisions regarding surgical management. They should also be interpreted in the context of the absolute incidence of second primary breast cancer after UM and previous literature demonstrating no survival benefit.
Cancer associated thrombosis and mortality in patients with cancer stratified by khorana score risk levels
Authors: Khorana Alok A. , Kuderer Nicole M. , McCrae Keith , Milentijevic Dejan , Germain Guillaume , Laliberté François , MacKnight Sean D. , Lefebvre Patrick , Lyman Gary H. , Streiff Michael B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Khorana score (KS) clinical algorithm is used to predict VTE risk in cancer patients. The study objective was to evaluate VTE and survival rates among patients newly diagnosed with cancer and stratified by KS in a real‐world population.MethodsData from the Optum® Clinformatics® DataMart database between 01/01/2012–09/30/2017 was used to identify adults with ≥ 1 hospitalization or ≥ 2 outpatient claims with a cancer diagnosis (index date). Only patients who were initiated on chemotherapy or radiation therapy were included. Patients were classified based on KS (KS = 0, 1, 2 or ≥ 3). Time‐to‐first VTE and survival were evaluated from the index date to the earliest among end of data availability or insurance coverage, death, or 12 months post‐index using Kaplan‐Meier (KM) analyses.ResultsA total of 2,488 (KS = 0); 2,125 (KS = 1), 1,074 (KS = 2), and 507 (KS ≥ 3) cancer patients were included. The 12‐month KM rates of VTE were 3.1%, 5.4%, 7.9%, and 14.9% (associated median time to VTE of 2.7, 3.0, 1.4, and 1.7 months) among KS = 0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3 cohorts, respectively. Corresponding adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) relative to the KS = 0 cohort were 1.72 (1.25‐2.38), 2.46 (1.73‐3.50), and 4.99 (3.40‐7.31) for the KS = 1, 2, and ≥ 3 cohorts, respectively (all P < .001). Regardless of KS, patients with VTE had significantly lower survival rates than those without.ConclusionsThis real‐world claims‐based cohort study of newly diagnosed cancer patients showed significantly higher rates of VTE with increased KS, confirming its predictive ability. Moreover, VTE was associated with lower survival rates within each KS cohort.
Development of an IFNγ response‐related signature for predicting the survival of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Hu Baohui , Wei Qian , Li Xueping , Ju Mingyi , Wang Lin , Zhou Chenyi , Chen Lianze , Li Zinan , Wei Minjie , He Miao , Zhao Lin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, development, and therapeutic efficacy. Major advances have been achieved in the treatment of various cancers through immunotherapy. Nevertheless, only a minority of patients have positive responses to immunotherapy, which is partly due to conditions of the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, it is essential to identify prognostic biomarkers that reflect heterogeneous landscapes of the TME.Methods and materialsBased upon the ESTIMATE algorithm, we evaluated the infiltrating levels of immune and stromal components derived from patients afflicted by various types of cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). According to respective patient immune and stromal scores, we categorized cases into high‐ and low‐scoring subgroups for each cancer type to explore associations between TME and patient prognosis. Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) were conducted and genes enriched in IFNγ response signaling pathway were selected to facilitate establishment of a risk model for predicting overall survival (OS). Furthermore, we investigated the associations between the prognostic signature and tumor immune infiltration landscape by using CIBERSORT algorithm and TIMER database.ResultsAmong the cancers assessed, the immune scores for skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) were the most significantly correlated with patients' survival time (P < .0001). We identified and validated a five‐IFNγ response‐related gene signature (UBE2L6, PARP14, IFIH1, IRF2, and GBP4), which was closely correlated with the prognosis for SKCM afflicted patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that this risk model was an independent prognostic factor for SKCM. Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and specific immune checkpoint molecules had notably differential levels of expression in high‐ compared to low‐risk samples.ConclusionIn this study, we established a novel five‐IFNγ response‐related gene signature that provided a better and increasingly comprehensive understanding of tumor immune landscape, and which demonstrated good performance in predicting outcomes for patients afflicted by SKCM.
Health care‐related time costs in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Rocque Gabrielle B. , Williams Courtney P. , Ingram Stacey A. , Azuero Andres , Mennemeyer Stephen T. , Young Pierce Jennifer , Nipp Ryan D. , Reeder‐Hayes Katherine E. , Kenzik Kelly M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBurdens related to time spent receiving cancer care may be substantial for patients with incurable, life‐limiting cancers such as metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Estimates of time spent on health care are needed to inform treatment‐related decision‐making.MethodsEstimates of time spent receiving cancer‐related health care in the initial 3 months of treatment for patients with MBC were calculated using the following data sources: (a) direct observations from a time‐in‐motion quality improvement evaluation (process mapping); (b) cross‐sectional patient surveys; and (c) administrative claims. Average ambulatory, inpatient, and total health care time were calculated for specific treatments which differed by antineoplastic type and administration method, including fulvestrant (injection, hormonal), letrozole (oral, hormonal), capecitabine (oral, chemotherapy), and paclitaxel (infusion, chemotherapy).ResultsAverage total time spent on health care ranged from 7% to 10% of all days included within the initial 3 months of treatment, depending on treatment. The greatest time contributions were time spent traveling for care and on inpatient services. Time with providers contributed modestly to total care time. Patients receiving infusion/injection treatments, compared with those receiving oral therapy, spent more time in ambulatory care. Health care time was higher for patients receiving chemotherapeutic agents compared to those receiving hormonal agents.ConclusionTime spent traveling and receiving inpatient care represented a substantial burden to patients with MBC, with variation in time by treatment type and administration method.
Wish list thinking: The quasi‐endowment effect's impact on online wish lists outcomes
Authors: Groening Christopher , Wiggins Jennifer , Raoofpanah Iman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMarketing practitioners encourage retailers to incorporate online wish lists into their websites, based on the presumption of increasing future purchases. However, recent papers find that purchasing wish list products is far from guaranteed. We propose that this outcome occurs because online wish lists provide a unique liminal space between ownership and non‐ownership that enables consumers to interact with products without the need to actually purchase them. Across two studies, we find that wish lists engender psychological ownership, enabling the quasi‐endowment effect and increasing the likelihood of purchase and decreasing the likelihood of removal from the wish list. However, this relationship moderated two factors. The first is social context of whether the wish list is private or publicly viewable, which can link the products to the consumer's identity. Second is the duration an item has been on the wish list, enabling a “cooling off” period and an opportunity for vicarious consumption through continued interaction. Collectively, our findings indicate that retailers need to more strategically manage their use of online wish lists in order to maximize their potential for increased sales.
Physicochemical Characterization of Hizikia fusiforme Polysaccharide and Its Hypoglycemic Activity via Mediating Insulin‐Stimulated Blood Glucose Utilization of Skeletal Muscle in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Jia Rui‐Bo , Li Zhao‐Rong , Ou Zhi‐Rong , Wu Juan , Sun Baoguo , Lin Lianzhu , Zhao Mouming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the current study, a functional polysaccharide fraction (HFP) was obtained from Hizikia fusiforme by ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic extraction, and its structural characterization and hypoglycemic activity and potential molecular mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that HFP with high uronic acid was a heterogeneous polysaccharide composed of six monosaccharides. Congo red test explained that HFP had no triple helix conformation. AFM analysis revealed that HFP was spherical particle with flame‐like aggregates and multiple strands closely arranged. Rheological analysis showed that HFP exhibited shear‐thinning flow behavior. HFP significantly ameliorated diabetes‐related symptoms and serum profiles and increased muscle glycogen storage in rats. HFP administration at 400 mg/kg body weight/day displayed greater advantages than metformin in controlling the levels of fasting blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bile acid (TBA) of diabetic rats. Intervention of HFP up‐regulated markedly the expression of AMPK‐α, GLUT4, PI3K and Akt in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats at the mRNA and protein levels, revealing hypoglycemic effects of HFP may be related closely to improving insulin resistance and mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle.
Mechanistic Insights for Iodane Mediated Aromatic Halogenation Reactions
Authors: Qu Zheng‐Wang , Zhu Hui , Grimme Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStable iodanes such as PhI(OAc)2 (Ac=acetyl) may be readily activated by electrophiles and salts for useful functional group transfer reactions under mild conditions, but the underlying reaction mechanism remains controversial. In this work, a general mechanism of iodane‐mediated aromatic halogenation is revealed by extensive DFT calculations using PhI(OAc)2 and anisole PhOMe as model iodane and aromatic substrate, respectively. It is shown that facile OAc/X (X=Cl, Br) ligand exchange with electrophiles can be induced by electrophilic attack at acetyl C=O groups of PhI(OAc)2 to form more reactive iodanes, especially the non‐symmetric iodanes PhI(X)OAc that can be activated by electrophiles to reach reactive iodonium PhIX+ for further electrophilic halonium X+ transfer to aromatic substrates. Direct anionic OAc−/X− exchange of iodane are 4∼7 kcal/mol endergonic, suggesting the crucial role of electrophilic iodane activation. Hetero‐ and homolytic I−X bond cleavages of neutral iodanes are more than 28 kcal/mol endergonic and thus unlikely under ambient conditions without electrophilic activation.
The Application of HEXS and HERFD XANES for Accurate Structural Characterisation of Actinide Nanomaterials: The Case of ThO2
Authors: Amidani Lucia , Vaughan Gavin B. M. , Plakhova Tatiana V. , Romanchuk Anna Yu. , Gerber Evgeny , Svetogorov Roman , Weiss Stephan , Joly Yves , Kalmykov Stepan N. , Kvashnina Kristina O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe structural characterisation of actinide nanoparticles (NPs) is of primary importance and hard to achieve, especially for non‐homogeneous samples with NPs less than 3 nm. By combining high‐energy X‐ray scattering (HEXS) and high‐energy‐resolution fluorescence‐detected X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (HERFD XANES) analysis, we have characterised for the first time both the short‐ and medium‐range order of ThO2 NPs obtained by chemical precipitation. By using this methodology, a novel insight into the structures of NPs at different stages of their formation has been achieved. The pair distribution function revealed a high concentration of ThO2 small units similar to thorium hexamer clusters mixed with 1 nm ThO2 NPs in the initial steps of formation. Drying the precipitates at around 150 °C promoted the recrystallisation of the smallest units into more thermodynamically stable ThO2 NPs. HERFD XANES analysis at the thorium M4 edge, a direct probe for f states, showed variations that we have correlated with the breakdown of the local symmetry around the thorium atoms, which most likely concerns surface atoms. Together, HEXS and HERFD XANES are a powerful methodology for investigating actinide NPs and their formation mechanism.