bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Couples experiences of receiving uncertain results following prenatal microarray or exome sequencing: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Harding Eleanor , Hammond Jennifer , Chitty Lyn S. , Hill Melissa , Lewis Celine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTests in pregnancy such as chromosomal microarray analysis and exome sequencing are increasing diagnostic yield for fetal structural anomalies, but have greater potential to result in uncertain findings. This systematic review investigated the experiences of prospective parents about receiving uncertain results from these tests.MethodsA systematic search of three electronic databases was conducted. Data extraction was performed for studies that met the eligibility and quality criteria. Results were synthesised following the principles of thematic analysis.ResultsFourteen studies (10 qualitative, 4 quantitative) were included. Findings were grouped into three overarching themes. Sources of uncertainty included the testing procedure, the diagnosis and prognosis, and health professionals' own uncertainty. The clinical impact of the uncertainty included parents struggling to make clinical decisions with the information available, the emotional impact included decisional‐regret, shock, worry and feeling overwhelmed. To manage the uncertainty, parents sought support from healthcare professionals, friends, family, the internet and other parents as well as remaining hopeful.ConclusionsProspective parents experience a myriad of uncertainties in the prenatal setting, which must be handled sensitively. Future research should explore optimal ways of managing uncertainty to minimise harm. Recommendations are made for discussing uncertainty during pre‐ and post‐test counseling.
Role of cytosolic, tyrosine‐insensitive prephenate dehydrogenase in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Schenck Craig A. , Westphal Josh , Jayaraman Dhileepkumar , Garcia Kevin , Wen Jiangqi , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Ané Jean‐Michel , Sumner Lloyd W. , Maeda Hiroshi A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstractl‐Tyrosine (Tyr) is an aromatic amino acid synthesized de novo in plants and microbes downstream of the shikimate pathway. In plants, Tyr and a Tyr pathway intermediate, 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP), are precursors to numerous specialized metabolites, which are crucial for plant and human health. Tyr is synthesized in the plastids by a TyrA family enzyme, arogenate dehydrogenase (ADH/TyrAa), which is feedback inhibited by Tyr. Additionally, many legumes possess prephenate dehydrogenases (PDH/TyrAp), which are insensitive to Tyr and localized to the cytosol. Yet the role of PDH enzymes in legumes is currently unknown. This study isolated and characterized Tnt1‐transposon mutants of MtPDH1 (pdh1) in Medicago truncatula to investigate PDH function. The pdh1 mutants lacked PDH transcript and PDH activity, and displayed little aberrant morphological phenotypes under standard growth conditions, providing genetic evidence that MtPDH1 is responsible for the PDH activity detected in M. truncatula. Though plant PDH enzymes and activity have been specifically found in legumes, nodule number and nitrogenase activity of pdh1 mutants were not significantly reduced compared with wild‐type (Wt) during symbiosis with nitrogen‐fixing bacteria. Although Tyr levels were not significantly different between Wt and mutants under standard conditions, when carbon flux was increased by shikimate precursor feeding, mutants accumulated significantly less Tyr than Wt. These data suggest that MtPDH1 is involved in Tyr biosynthesis when the shikimate pathway is stimulated and possibly linked to unidentified legume‐specific specialized metabolism.
Oligomerization of a symmetric β‐trefoil protein in response to folding nucleus perturbation
Authors: Tenorio Connie A. , Parker Joseph B. , Blaber Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGene duplication and fusion events in protein evolution are postulated to be responsible for the common protein folds exhibiting internal rotational symmetry. Such evolutionary processes can also potentially yield regions of repetitive primary structure. Repetitive primary structure offers the potential for alternative definitions of critical regions, such as the folding nucleus (FN). In principle, more than one instance of the FN potentially enables an alternative folding pathway in the face of a subsequent deleterious mutation. We describe the targeted mutation of the carboxyl‐terminal region of the (internally located) FN of the de novo designed purely‐symmetric β‐trefoil protein Symfoil‐4P. This mutation involves wholesale replacement of a repeating trefoil‐fold motif with a “blade” motif from a β‐propeller protein, and postulated to trap that region of the Symfoil‐4P FN in a nonproductive folding intermediate. The resulting protein (termed “Bladefoil”) is shown to be cooperatively folding, but as a trimeric oligomer. The results illustrate how symmetric protein architectures have potentially diverse folding alternatives available to them, including oligomerization, when preferred pathways are perturbed.
Cover Image, Volume 76, Issue 6
Authors: Brosnan James T , Vargas José J , Spesard Bruce , Netzband Derek , Zobel John M , Chen Jinyi , Patterson Eric L 
Published: May 2020

The front cover image is based on the Research Article Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) resistance to indaziflam applied early‐postemergence by James T Brosnan et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5740.image
Three‐dimensional pathways of dust over the Sahara during summer 2011 as revealed by new Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer observations
Authors: Cuesta Juan , Flamant Cyrille , Gaetani Marco , Knippertz Peter , Fink Andreas H. , Chazette Patrick , Eremenko Maxim , Dufour Gaëlle , Di Biagio Claudia , Formenti Paola 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present a new characterisation of the three‐dimensional (3D) distribution of dust over the Sahara during summer, exemplified for June 2011. Our approach, called AEROIASI, is based on the innovative retrieval of vertical profiles of the dust extinction coefficient from daily cloud‐free hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI) satellite observations. AEROIASI observations clearly agree with other widely used measurements (from lidar and radiometers). The 3D characterisation is focused on the dust maximum in June 2011, located in the central Sahara (17–23°N, 1–7°E) and linked to the major atmospheric dynamical drivers associated with the West African Monsoon (WAM) system. AEROIASI shows the near‐surface dust load to be dominated by five major emission events occurring every 3–4 days. These all occur when the study region is under the influence of northward bursts of the WAM and convection‐related cold pools, likely associated with orographic forcing by the Aïr Mountains. During the earliest (June 10) and the dustiest (June 17) cases, northward advection of moisture over the hotspot is favoured by the superposition of cyclonic circulations related to an extratropical disturbance northwest of the Sahara and to the Saharan heat low over Mauritania, respectively. Convection over the hotspot also triggers wave‐like disturbances that travel westwards. The three dustiest events are characterised by elongated dust fronts moving northwards, with a leading edge spanning 200–300 km horizontally and extending from the surface up to 2 km of altitude. Further south, the dust layer progressively elevates to 3.5 km along the slanted isentropes at the interface of the monsoon and the harmattan, increasingly losing contact with the ground. When northerlies blow over the study region, elevated dust layers at 3–5 km are observed, which are transported southwards within the Saharan air layer and westwards along the northern edge of the African easterly jet (after June 13).
Using Megha‐Tropiques satellite data to constrain humidity in regional convective simulations: A northern Australian test case
Authors: Prasad Abhnil A. , Sherwood Steven C. , Brogniez Hélène 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConvective initiation and growth are sensitive to atmospheric conditions, especially humidity, in ways that need to be understood and quantified. It is not clear, however, how well current observations and modelling systems can serve to test this understanding. We simulate multiple cases of convergent cloud lines observed during January 2016 over northeastern Australia using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (version 3.7.1), initialized by and nudged to reanalysis data. Overall, WRF appears to skilfully simulate the convergence lines. However, the associated convective clouds as seen by satellite were not properly captured by the model. The model humidity was tested against the current version (V3‐00) of the Megha‐Tropiques satellite, which although up to 30% too moist in the lowest retrieved layer over the dry continental interior compared to radiosondes, is usually accurate to within ±10% near the cloud lines. Unperturbed WRF simulations were found to be 10–20% too dry in this region. Compensating for this humidity bias via the model initialization produced more realistic simulations of clouds and convection, and this had a comparable or larger impact than changing model physics. This result highlights the importance of observations of water vapour that are accurate and have good spatial coverage, especially in the lower troposphere, for properly constraining simulations of convective environments and for model evaluation of moist processes.
Giant intrapulmonary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour
Authors: Desdiani Desdiani , Darifah Siti , Azali Chairul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPulmonary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) are extremely rare soft tissue sarcomas that develop from the cell constituting the nerve sheaths, approximately 5–10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. We present a rare case of primary lung MPNST in an adult female non‐smoker patient, in whom surgical thoracotomy approach has obtained a good control of the disease. Low‐grade MPNST was established from excisional biopsy followed by immunohistochemistry.
A review of computer‐assisted orthopaedic surgery systems
Authors: Wang Monan , Li Donghui , Shang Xiping , Wang Jian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundComputer‐assisted orthopaedic surgery systems have great potential, but no review has focused on computer‐assisted surgery systems for the spine, hip, and knee.MethodsA systematic search was performed in Web of Science and PubMed. We searched the literature on computer‐assisted orthopaedic surgery systems from 2008 to the present and focused on three aspects of systems: training, planning, and intraoperative navigation.Results and discussionIn this review study, we reviewed 34 surgical training systems, 31 surgical planning systems, and 41 surgical navigation systems. The functions and characteristics of the surgical systems were compared and analysed, and the current concerns about and the impact of the surgical systems on doctors and surgery were clarified.ConclusionComputer‐assisted orthopaedic surgery systems are still in the development stage. Future surgical training systems should include synthetic models with patient anatomy. Surgical planning systems with automatic planning should be developed, and surgical navigation systems with multimodal fusion, robotic assistance and imaging should be developed.
Sport and International Management: Exploring research synergy
Authors: Szymanski Mike , Wolfe Richard A. , Danis Wade , Lee Fiona , Uy Marilyn A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objective of this article is to indicate how international business (IB) research can benefit from using sport as a research context. We present the rationale for studying organizational phenomena within sport, with a focus on benefits specific to IB research, and present examples wherein sport is used to study organizational phenomena relevant to IB. Among the examples we present, we focus on the influence of identity integration on performance of multinational teams, the influence of international experience on performance of multinational teams, and the influence of cultural differences on emotions in organizations. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
Changing faces of stress: Impact of heat and arsenite treatment on the composition of stress granules
Authors: Frydrýšková Klára , Mašek Tomáš , Pospíšek Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStress granules (SGs), hallmarks of the cellular adaptation to stress, promote survival, conserve cellular energy, and are fully dissolved upon the cessation of stress treatment. Different stresses can initiate the assembly of SGs, but arsenite and heat are the best studied of these stresses. The composition of SGs and posttranslational modifications of SG proteins differ depending on the type and severity of the stress insult, methodology used, cell line, and presence of overexpressed and tagged proteins. A group of 18 proteins showing differential localization to SGs in heat‐ and arsenite‐stressed mammalian cell lines is described. Upon severe and prolonged stress, physiological SGs transform into more solid protein aggregates that are no longer reversible and do not contain mRNA. Similar pathological inclusions are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. SGs induced by heat stress are less dynamic than SGs induced by arsenite and contain a set of unique proteins and linkage‐specific polyubiquitinated proteins. The same types of ubiquitin linkages have been found to contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We propose heat stress‐induced SGs as a possible model of an intermediate stage along the transition from dynamic, fully reversible arsenite stress‐induced SGs toward aberrant SGs, the hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. Stress‐ and methodology‐specific differences in the compositions of SGs and the transition of SGs to aberrant protein aggregates are discussed.This article is categorized under:RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in DiseaseRNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein ComplexesRNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
The Sernbo score as a predictor of 1-year mortality after hip fracture: a registry study on 55,716 patients
Authors: Mellner Carl , Hedström Margareta , Hommel Ami , Sköldenberg Olof , Eisler Thomas , Mukka Sebastian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Patients sustaining a hip fracture have a high mortality rate during the first postoperative year and the Sernbo score may stratify patients into a high, intermediate and low risk of death during this period. We assessed its predictive properties on patients from the National Swedish Hip Fracture Register.

Patients and methods
55,716 hip fracture patients, 69% women older than 65 years at surgery (registered between 2010 and 2015) with complete Sernbo scores and mortality data were studied. Receiver-operating characteristics analyses (ROC) were used. Validation of Sernbo score was performed.

Results
The overall 1-year mortality rate was 26%—and 17%, 27.4% and 55.6% in the low, intermediate and high-risk groups, respectively. The ROC analysis indicated a predictive ability of the Sernbo score, with an AUC of 0.69 (CI 0.68–0.69).

Conclusion
In this registry-based study, the easy-to-use Sernbo scoring system proved to be appropriate and useful way to identify hip fracture patients with a high-risk mortality during the first postoperative year.
Electrophysiological correlates of gist perception: a steady-state visually evoked potentials study
Authors: Radtke Elise L. , Schöne Benjamin , Martens Ulla , Gruber Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGist perception refers to perceiving the substance or general meaning of a scene. To investigate its neuronal mechanisms, we used the steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) method—an evoked oscillatory cortical response at the same frequency as a visual stimulus flickered at this frequency. Two neighboring stimuli were flickered at different frequencies f1 and f2, for example, a drawing of a sun on the left side of the screen flickering at 8.6 Hz and the drawing of a parasol on the right side of the screen flickering at 12 Hz. SSVEPs enabled us to separate the responses to the two distinct stimuli by extracting oscillatory brain responses at f1 and f2. Additionally, it allowed to investigate intermodulation frequencies, that is, the brain’s response at a linear combination of f1 and f2 (here at f1 + f2 = 20.6 Hz) as an indicator of processing shared aspects of the input, that is, gist perception (here: a beach scene). We recorded high-density EEG of 18 participants. Results revealed clear and separable neuronal oscillations at f1 and f2. Additionally, occipital electrodes showed increased amplitudes at the intermodulation frequency in related as compared to unrelated pairs. The increase in intermodulation frequency was associated with bilateral temporal and parietal lobe activation, probably reflecting the interaction of local object representations as a basis for activating the gist network. The study demonstrates that SSVEPs are an excellent method to unravel mechanisms underlying the processing within multi-stimulus displays in the context of gist perception.
Prescription analgesia and adjuvant use by pain severity at admission among nursing home residents with non-malignant pain
Authors: Lapane Kate L. , Hume Anne L. , Morrison Reynolds A. , Jesdale Bill M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
We estimated the use of prescribed analgesics and adjuvants among nursing home residents without cancer who reported pain at their admission assessment, in relation to resident-reported pain severity.

Methods
Medicare Part D claims were used to define 3 classes of analgesics and 7 classes of potential adjuvants on the 21st day after nursing home admission (or the day of discharge for residents discharged before that date) among 180,780 residents with complete information admitted between January 1, 2011 and December 9, 2016, with no cancer diagnosis.

Results
Of these residents, 27.9% reported mild pain, 46.6% moderate pain, and 25.6% reported severe pain. The prevalence of residents in pain without Part D claims for prescribed analgesic and/or adjuvant medications was 47.3% among those reporting mild pain, 35.7% among those with moderate pain, and 24.8% among those in severe pain. Among residents reporting severe pain, 33% of those ≥ 85 years of age and 35% of those moderately cognitively impaired received no prescription analgesics/adjuvants. Use of all classes of prescribed analgesics and adjuvants increased with resident-reported pain severity, and the concomitant use of medications from multiple classes was common.

Conclusion
Among nursing home residents with recognized pain, opportunities to improve the pharmacologic management of pain, especially among older residents, and those living with cognitive impairments exist.
Single dose epidural hydromorphone in labour pain: maternal pharmacokinetics and neonatal exposure
Authors: Puhto Terhi , Kokki Merja , Hakomäki Henriikka , Spalding Michael , Gunnar Teemu , Alahuhta Seppo , Vakkala Merja 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Epidural hydromorphone could be useful in obstetric analgesia as there is a need for a more water-soluble opioid than sufentanil or fentanyl with prolonged analgesic effect. To our knowledge, the pharmacokinetics of epidural hydromorphone has not been evaluated in parturients.

Materials and methods
In this pilot study, seven healthy parturients were given a single epidural dose of hydromorphone for labour pain. One parturient received 1.5 mg, two 0.75 mg and four 0.5 mg of hydromorphone hydrochloride. Dose was decreased due to nausea and pruritus. Hydromorphone’s effect, adverse effects and plasma concentrations were evaluated. Neonatal drug exposure was evaluated by umbilical vein and artery opioid concentration at birth. Neonatal outcomes were assessed using Apgar and the Neurologic Adaptive Capacity Score (NACS).

Results
All patients received additional levobupivacaine doses on parturients’ requests. The first dose was requested at a median of 163 min (range 19–303 min) after hydromorphone administration. A total of 12 opioid related expected adverse events were reported by seven parturients. All newborn outcomes were uneventful. Hydromorphone’s distribution and elimination after single epidural dose seem similar to that reported for non-pregnant subjects after intravenous hydromorphone administration, but further research is required to confirm this observation.

Conclusions
The optimal dose of hydromorphone in labour pain warrants further evaluation.
MRI follow-up after magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for non-invasive thalamotomy: the neuroradiologist’s perspective
Authors: Keil Vera C. , Borger Valeri , Purrer Veronika , Groetz Simon F. , Scheef Lukas , Boecker Henning , Schild Hans H. , Kindler Christine , Schmitt Angelika , Solymosi Laszlo , Wüllner Ullrich , Pieper Claus C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) systems are increasingly used to non-invasively treat tremor; consensus on imaging follow-up is poor in these patients. This study aims to elucidate how MRgFUS lesions evolve for a radiological readership with regard to clinical outcome.

Methods
MRgFUS-induced lesions and oedema were retrospectively evaluated based on DWI, SWI, T2-weighted and T1-weighted 3-T MRI data acquired 30 min and 3, 30 and 180 days after MRgFUS (n = 9 essential tremor, n = 1 Parkinson’s patients). Lesions were assessed volumetrically, visually and by ADC measurements and compared with clinical effects using non-parametric testing.

Results
Thirty minutes after treatment, all lesions could be identified on T2-weighted images. Immediate oedema was rare (n = 1). Lesion volume as well as oedema reached a maximum on day 3 with a mean lesion size of 0.4 ± 0.2 cm3 and an oedema volume 3.7 ± 1.2 times the lesion volume. On day 3, a distinct diffusion-restricted rim was noted that corresponded well with SWI. Lesion shrinkage after day 3 was observed in all sequences. Lesions were no longer detectable on DWI in n = 7/10, on T2-weighted images in n = 4/10 and on T1-weighted images in n = 4/10 on day 180. No infarcts or haemorrhage were observed. There was no correlation between lesion size and initial motor skill improvement (p = 0.99). Tremor reduction dynamics correlated strongly with lesion shrinkage between days 3 and 180 (p = 0.01, R = 0.76).

Conclusion
In conclusion, cerebral MRgFUS lesions variably shrink over months. SWI is the sequence of choice to identify lesions after 6 months. Lesion volume is arguably associated with intermediate-term outcome.