bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsed Continuous Spectrum Radiation Source With a Quartz-Sapphire Envelope
Authors: Tumashevich K A , Kireev S G , Shashkovskiy S G , Yu Pugachev D , Levichev N A , Leonov G S , Goldshteyn Y A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The results of experimental studies of electrical and radiative properties of xenon flash lamps with a double quartz-sapphire envelope are presented. Comparative studies of xenon lamps with quartz and quartz-sapphire envelopes were carried out. The possibility of a significant increase in brightness temperature of the xenon plasma and radiation efficiency in germicidal range (200-300 nm) is shown. The achieved values of the brightness temperature of 10 kK and the radiation efficiency of 8.2 % in the germicidal range demonstrate the prospects of using the presented source of pulsed broadband radiation for disinfection of various objects.
Electrical stimulation of co-woven nerve conduit for peripheral neurite differentiation
Authors: Gopalakrishnan-Prema Vignesh , Mohanan Anila , Shivaram Shivakumar B , Madhusudanan Pallavi , Raju Gayathri , Menon Deepthy , Shankarappa Sahadev A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Electrically stimulable nerve conduits are implants that could potentially be utilized in patients with nerve injury for restoring function and limb mobility. Such conduits need to be developed from specialized scaffolds that are both electrically conductive and allow neuronal attachment and differentiation. In this study, we investigate neural cell attachment and axonal differentiation on scaffolds co-woven with poly-(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) yarns and conducting threads. Yarns obtained from electrospun PLLA were co-woven with polypyrrole (PPy)-coated PLLA yarns or ultrathin wires of copper or platinum using a custom built low-resistance semi-automated weaving machine. The conducting threads were first electrically characterized and tested for stability in cell growth media. Suitability of the conducting threads was further assessed via cell viability studies using PC12 cells. Neurite growth was then quantified after electrically stimulating rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons cultured on the woven scaffolds. Electrical conductivity tests and cellular viability studies demonstrated better bio-tolerability of platinum wires over PPy-coated PLLA yarns and copper wires. Electrically stimulated DRG neurons cultured on platinum-PLLA co-woven scaffolds showed enhanced neurite outgrowth and length. We demonstrate that a woven scaffold design could be utilized to incorporate conducting materials into cell-tolerable polymer yarns for developing electrically stimulable nerve conduits.
Exhaled breath analysis using cavity-enhanced optical techniques: a review
Authors: Banik Gourab D , Mizaikoff Boris 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopies (CEAS) have gained importance in a wide range of applications in molecular spectroscopy. The development of optical sensors based on the CEAS techniques coupled with the continuous wave or pulsed laser sources operating in the mid-infrared or near-infrared spectral regime uniquely offers molecularly selective and ultra-sensitive detection of trace species in complex matrices including exhaled human breath. In this review, we discussed recent applications of CEAS for analyzing trace constituents within the exhaled breath matrix facilitating the non-invasive assessment of human health status. Next to a brief discussion on the mechanisms of formation of trace components found in the exhaled breath matrix related to particular disease states, existing challenges in CEAS and future development towards non-invasive clinical diagnostics will be discussed.
Retraction: Optimal Stocking Density of Vannamei Shrimp Lytopenaeus Vannamei at Low Salinity Using Spherical Tarpaulin Pond (IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.
537 012041)
Authors: Marlina Eulis , Panjaitan Imelda 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It has come to the attention of IOP Publishing that this article should not have been submitted for publication, and consequently, this paper has been retracted by IOP Publishing on 11 August 2020.
Retraction published: 11 August 2020
Technological innovation as an ecological risk reduction instrument in the development of Hydrocarbon Resources in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Bianco I E , Ilinsky A A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
There are many challenges on the development of oil and gas in the Russian Arctic, most risks facing the oil and gas industry are magnified in such an ecologically vulnerable region. Modern technology can help manage some of those challenges, by coordinating different sources of information in order to minimize risks that could end up in very costly tragedies in terms of losses of ecosystem services and human life, robotics reduce these risks. This paper concludes that Russian companies need to learn from the example of Norway and invest more in technological innovation.
A method for assessing climatic parameters working at low temperatures as an element of technological safety
Authors: Efremov S , Logvinova Y , Russkova I , Polyukhovich M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The development of the Arctic shelf involves the development of mineral resources and monitoring of the environmental situation in the Far North with the implementation of work outdoors in extremely adverse weather conditions. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the stable constancy of negative temperatures. Work on a rotational basis does not solve this problem. This article proposes a methodology for taking into account environmental parameters when assessing the working conditions of nonstationary workplace. As an example, an assessment is given of the workplace of the lineman of main pipeline. It is proposed to use geographic information systems as a technology that allows determining environmental parameters. The responsible person quickly and thoroughly evaluates the work environment based on the existing spatial reference of information to various non-stationary workplaces. The proposed method for assessing and optimizing the time of work will not only minimize technological risks as a whole, but also minimize the damage to the health of workers who are forced to perform work in extremely adverse conditions.
Ecological and toxicological assessment of heavy metal pollution of the Bienda-Stemme Lake (West Spitsbergen)
Authors: Frumin G T , Demeshkin A S , Obiazov V A , Malysheva N A , Paranina A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
According to the literature, linear-exponential mathematical models have been developed that link the magnitude of the risks (probabilities) of fatal outcomes when metal cations affect daphnia in a wide range of concentration variations. The approach to a comprehensive assessment of heavy metal pollution of surface waters of land has been improved (risk of combined exposure). The classification of water quality is given depending on the magnitude of the combined risks. The broken-stick model was used in order to classify water quality according to metal contamination levels. The developed approach was applied for an interannual assessment of lake pollution. The results of ecological and toxicological assessment of the dynamics of metal pollution (such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, lead, chromium, mercury and cadmium) of the Bienda-Stemme lake, located in Western Spitsbergen (Svalbard), in the spring of 2003-2019 are presented. It was established that the quality of the Bienda-Stemme lake water varied from “good” in 2003-2004, 2013-2015 to “satisfactory” in 2017 and 2018. In the period of 2007-2012, as well as in 2019, the water quality of the lake was characterized as “very good”. On average for the period of 2003-2019 the water quality of the lake in the spring was characterized as “good”. The main contribution to the metal pollution of the Bienda-Stemme lake is due to compounds of copper, mercury and zinc. A significant advantage of the considered approach to assessing the pollution of the Bienda-Stemme lake by metals is that this approach does not use the system of federal standards for MPC (maximum permissible concentrations). Moreover, up to present, regional standards have not been developed in Russia.
The role of fucus algae in bioremediation of coastal waters of the Barents Sea from oil products
Authors: Voskoboinikov G , Malavenda S , Metelkova L 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere was estimated the contribution of Fucus algae to the removal of diesel fuel (DF) from the Kola bay of the Barents Sea. The calculations are based on the results of: 1) expeditionary observations of recent years of the reserves, distribution and biomass of fucoids of three parts of the bay and 2) laboratory studies of the ability of four types of fucus (Fucus vesiculosus, F. distichus, F. serratus, Ascophyllum nodosum) to neutralize the toxic effect of diesel fuel. It was shown that the reserves of fucus are 4720 tons of wet weight. The absorption capacity is maximum of F. vesiculosus, and decreases in the series of F. distichus ≥ F. serratus ≥ A. nodosum. The calculations showed that fucoids of the Kola Bay can absorb and recycle about 850 kg of diesel fuel in 5 days. The existing rows of Fucus algae of the Kola Bay are an important element in the implementation of preventive, everyday cleaning of the bay waters from oil products. The inclusion of data of the ability of other representatives of phytobenthos to neutralize DF could increase the role of algae macrophyte in cleaning the coastal marine water from oil products.
The current environmental and economic situation in the Far Eastern North and possible directions for its transformation
Authors: Stepanko N G , Tkachenko G G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Far Eastern Arctic territories, poorly developed in comparison with the northern territories of the European part of Russia, are drawing increasing attention from the world community. Their uniqueness and identity, rich and diverse natural resource potential, great prospects for reclamation and development on the one hand, and harsh climate with extreme conditions, permafrost, fragile natural environment sensitive to human impact on the other hand create the problem of balancing reclamation and preservation of the features of this unique ecosystem. The prospects of these territories depend on the choice of the most reasonable, economically and environmentally sound development blueprint. The existing ecological and economic situation in these territories needs to be studied to determine possible changes in the relations of production and nature, which is the purpose of this study. The methods of comparative statistical, historical and cartographic analysis describe the studied regions, the dynamics of environmental management and the environmental situation as a result of reclamation in the context of ulus and districts. The need and priority of activities divided by types of structural directions of environmental management are also determined. The obtained results allow the reasonable determination of the main priority areas of activity. They include: balanced ecological and economic development of the Arctic territories of the Russian Far East, considering the development of traditional employment sectors of the indigenous peoples of the North, their own food security for the region is guaranteeing (diversification of the economy of the traditional industry through the development of food processing, handicrafts, souvenirs production, and tourism). It should be taken into account by the planning and governing bodies when drawing up plans for the socio-economic development of the territories in question.
Comparative analysis of China`s and Singapore`s policies in the Arctic
Authors: Kulik A , Kulik S V , Lagutin O V , Chistalyova T 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Nowadays the Arctic is an important region from the angle of geopolitics and because of its abundant resources, therefore, many countries consider it as a significant subject of the policy. In this paper policies in the Arctic of China and Singapore, which are not located near the Polar circle but show the great interest in the region, have been analyzed. Taking up the purposes, methods and results of each countries` policies authors has concluded that their strategies are very different. This is caused by the different goals of the states: China is seeking to consolidate its position in the Arctic and be entitled to use its resources, while Singapore is trying to derive benefit from the mutually advantageous partnership.
China’s participation in the international scientific cooperation in the Arctic
Authors: Yaxin W 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article analyzes the role of China in the most important areas of international scientific cooperation in the Arctic, in which non-Arctic players are involved along with the Arctic countries. The legal basis for scientific cooperation in the Arctic is the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the other is the Arctic Council. In 2013, China became the official observer state of the Arctic Council, thus taking an important step towards participating in Arctic international cooperation. Despite the fact that China is a non-Arctic country, factors such as climate change in the Arctic, the prospects for the development of the region’s resources and the Arctic Channel contribute to China’s interest in the Arctic and its policy towards the region. Taking into account the interests of China in the Arctic, as well as the legal framework and responsibility in the Arctic, under the existing mechanisms of international cooperation in the Arctic, China is involved in a number of Arctic international scientific research, mainly in the field of natural sciences. At the same time, China introduced its new platform for international cooperation in the Arctic – the Polar Silk Road, which is making some progress in international scientific cooperation.
The global processes influence on the development of the Arctic
Authors: Didenko N I , Konakhina N A , Kulik S V , Krepkaia T N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this article, an attempt is made to create a model of global processes influence on the development of the Arctic territories of circumpolar countries. A characteristic of the Arctic territories as a research object is given from the point of view of the territorial, geographical, natural and climatic features, as well as globalization processes such as transnationalisation, scientific and technological progress, market competition. A hypothesis of the global processes influence on the development of the Arctic is formulated. Methodology for creating a model of the global processes influence on the development of the Arctic territories of the circumpolar countries is proposed including the formulation of the research objective, the rationale for the selection of endogenous and exogenous variables, and the creation of a model. The research objective was to create a model of the globalization processes influence on the Arctic development. The indicators reflecting the economic, social, and environmental development of the Arctic territories of the circumpolar countries were selected as endogenous variables. They include the average annual increase in the gross regional product, the share of agricultural products in the gross regional product, the share of industry in the gross regional product, the number of economically active population, the number of unemployed people, and carbon dioxide emissions. The indicators characterizing globalization processes were selected as exogenous variables: the average value of the transnationalization index of the largest transnational corporations (TNCs), world exports of goods and services, royalties and license payments, traditional fuels consumption, electricity consumption per capita, the volume of foreign direct investments. The authors propose a dynamic econometric model consisting of eight econometric equations, each of which is an ADL model that takes into account the time factor. The results of the analysis will be used by the authors in further studies to make forecasts and develop a concept for the development of the Arctic territories of circumpolar countries.
Analysis of world LNG production capacity
Authors: Merkulov V I , Skripnuk D F , Kulik S V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article considers issues of global LNG production capacities. A brief description of the dynamics of global LNG trade is given and changing the structure of global energy consumption is considered. The analysis of the global dynamics of LNG production capacities is presented, as well as the regional structure of LNG capacities. Production capacities in the Asia-Pacific region, the Middle East, countries of Africa, America, as well as Russia and Norway are researched and analyzed in details. The paper also discusses the depreciation of LNG capacities, depletion of the resource base of LNG projects, development of floating LNG projects, geopolitical risks for LNG projects, the impact of environmental regulation, and changes in the capital costs structure of LNG projects.
Digital infrastructure as the factor of economic and industrial development: case of Arctic regions of Russian North-West
Authors: Kozlov A , Kankovskaya A , Teslya A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article is aimed on analysis of digital infrastructure as the factor of economic and industrial development of the three Arctic regions of Russian North-West: Murmanskaya oblast’, Arkhangelskaya oblast’ and Komi Republic. These regions faced serious social and economic problems last years. The only way to solve these problems is reindustrialization and technological modernization. Modern industrial technologies are based on the digital transformation of all business processes of enterprise. That’s why the regional digital infrastructure, information and communication technologies availability is an important factor of economic and industrial development of the regions. The article uses the method of calculation of integrated indicator characterizing the level of development of the digital infrastructure of the regions and proposed a formula for computing the numerical value of the integrated indicator. The formula allows receiving numerical results of calculation, based on data of the state official statistics regarding separate indicators aggregated into two groups. The indicators of the first group characterize the material factor of the digital infrastructure of the region. The second group reflects the real ability of regional business use of information and communication technologies and software. The calculations of the integrated indicator dynamics for the period when statistic data are available for three regions allowed to figure out main factors making impact on the level of digital infrastructure development and formulate recommendations for the future.
Policy of population informing on perspective territories development of the Republic of Karelia as part of the Russian Arctic zone
Authors: Simakova A V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The regions of the Republic of Karelia entered the Arctic zone later than the rest of the Arctic regions. Therefore, the important issue is the formation of positive attitudes of the population regarding the “Arctic benefits” of the regions of Karelia. The article presents the results of a study on informing the population about the Arctic status of the territories of the Republic of Karelia and the corresponding expectations of the local population from the assignment of the Arctic status to the territories. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of public awareness of social perceptions regarding the state and prospects of development of the Arctic territories of the Republic of Karelia. For the study, methods of content analysis and sociological survey of the population were used. Local media broadcast the general agenda of the republican media on the prospects for the development of the Arctic regions. However, no information is provided on the individual benefits to the area. Most residents of the Republic of Karelia know that they live in the Arctic zone, but do not associate high expectations for the development of territories with the Arctic status. Informing residents of the Arctic regions and the Republic of Karelia about the possible prospects for the development of the Arctic territories is not enough. Based on the results of the study, recommendations are presented on improving the policy of informing the population about the benefits of the Arctic status of the territories of the Republic of Karelia.
Problems of monocities of the Extreme North and their place in the economic development of the Arctic zone
Authors: Stoyanov A D , Sakharova A S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the modern world, the development of the Arctic and Antarctic regions is becoming increasingly important due to their resource attractiveness and, in the context of global warming, their potential use as new routes of transport connection. Of course, in this context, the development of infrastructure is of a particular importance, for example, in the Russian Federation, due to the raw material orientation of the economy, many cities located in the Arctic and Subarctic zones are built around a city-forming enterprise aimed at the extraction or processing of raw materials, such situation results in a fairly substantial list of problematic questions. This study focuses on the analysis of the position and role of single-industry cities in the development of the Arctic region of the Russian Federation. The conclusions and results obtained in the following work may be interesting in the context of studying impact factors on the development of the Arctic and Subarctic territories of Russia. Also, this work is aimed at developing proposals for changing the situation in single-industry cities in order to accelerate the development of this region and improve the overall economic situation, in the aggregate, this can be useful in developing territorial development strategies not only for government bodies and programs, but also for private companies interested in investing in development projects.