bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage from an Abandoned Coal Mine in a Mcirobial Fuel Cell
Authors: Liu Jia 
Published: February 2020

In this study, a microbial fuel cell was used to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) from anabandoned coal mine in the cathode chamber under aerobic condition. Activated sludge from a local wastewater treatment plant was used in the anode chamber of the BES to supply electrons to the treatment. After 7 days, the pH of the cathode solution enhanced from 2.5 to 7.3. More than 99% of Al, Feand Pb were removed, and removal rates of 93%, 91%, 89% and 69% were achieved for Cd, Zn, Mn and Corespectively with biocathode. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) study revealed the depositionof the various types of metals on the cathode surface, and some metals were detected in the precipitatesof the cathode chamber. The bacteria for AMD treatment was identified to be Serratia spp. using 16s rRNAgene amplification and sequencing. Scanning electron microscopy showed attached growth of the bacteria on the cathode. The bioelectrochemical treatment of the AMD was also compared with the biological treatment in a continuously stirred batch reactor (CSBR). Around 30~50 mV of the closed circuit voltage was obtained for different cases in this study.

Figure 1
Conversion of Saline Water and Carbon Dioxide into Value-Added Chemicals By Electrodialysis
Authors: Bonakdarpour Arman , Dara Saad , Ho Meghan , Lam Alfred , Wilkinson David P 
Published: February 2020

A multi-compartment electrochemical reactor, which simultaneously converts carbon dioxide (dissolved or gaseous CO2) and high salinity waste-water to value-added chemicals, in the form of inorganic acids, carbonate salts and desalinated water, is demonstrated. The electrocehmical approach operates in electrodialysis or electrolytic mode and uses anion exchange and cation exchange membranes, and a Pt/Ir-coated Ti anode and Ti mesh cathode (for dissolved CO2) or Pt/C-coated gas diffusion cathode electrodes (for gaseous CO2) to produce acid and base products from CO2 (or CO2/O2) and an aqueous NaCl feed. The electrodialysis mode operates with carbonic acid feed while the electrolytic approach electrochemically converts carbon dioxide from the gas phase. With the gaseous conversion of carbon dioxide, a non-selective catalyst (carbon-supported Pt) was used to reduce the oxygen into hydroxyl ions which further reacted with CO2feed to form bicarbonate and carbonate species.
Under an applied voltage (~ 6 V) clear production of inorganic carbon salts and acids was observed. The product fluxes for HCl and NaHCO3 were ~ 0.05 mM cm-2 hr-1 on average for the case of dissolved CO2 and ~ 3.50 mM cm-² hr-1 for the case of gaseous CO2 showing an enhancement factor of about 70x in the flux rates with the use of gaseous CO2.
The bench-top (3.24 cm2 electrodes) cell has been successfully scaled up (1,500x) to a 5,000 cm² NORASCAND® commercial-scale electrolytic cell. Chemicals such as hydrochloric acid and bicarbonate salts have potential uses in many applications including oil and gas exploration and production where the chemicals as well as the desalinated water can be used in resource extraction. Coupling of CO2 removal and water treatment as presented here has potential applications in both conventional and unconventional oil and gas operations. Evolution of the technology from the conceptual bench-top reactor to initial scale up efforts and the current status of technology will be presented during the meeting.

Figure 1
Organic Molecular Catalyst for Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Yin Xi , Lin Ling , Martinez Ulises , Chung Hoon T , Zelenay Piotr 
Published: February 2020

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a low cost, safe and clean disinfection agent plays an important role in providing clean water for human society. Compared with complicated industrial anthraquinone process or direct catalytic synthesis from H2 and O2, the distributed production of H2O2 in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system (PEFC) has numerous merits, including lower financial and energy cost, safer process, use of small-scale, easily deployable device.1,2 For these reasons, there is strong interest in developing electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity for H2O2 production via the electrochemical reduction of molecular oxygen. Up until now, H2O2 electrocatalysts have been based on precious-metal amalgams, which are costly, scarce, and difficult to handle safely due to the use of Hg.2,3 Carbon-based electrocatalysts have been considered for H2O2 production,4-6 as have been metal-free and nitrogen-containing molecular catalysts known to be selective for two-electron reduction of O2 in various media.7-9

In this presentation, we will demonstrate a new catalyst based on a small organic molecule that enables electrochemical production of H2O2 in an aqueous acidic electrolyte (0.5 M H2SO4). When adsorbed onto glassy carbon this molecular catalyst shows a high onset potential of around 0.6 V vs. RHE, and a specific current density > 1.3 mA/cm2
ECA at 0 V vs. RHE in electrochemical cell test. Rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) studies indicate high selectivity for H2O2 production, with H2O2 yield over 80%, and current efficiency over 67%. The durability of this molecule has been evaluated in an electrochemical cell, as well as in a PEFC. Based on experimental data and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a two electron oxygen reduction mechanism on this molecular catalyst will be proposed.

References

(1) Centi, G.; Perathoner, S.; Abate, S. In Modern Heterogeneous Oxidation Catalysis; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: 2009, p 253.
(2) Siahrostami, S.; Verdaguer-Casadevall, A.; Karamad, M.; Deiana, D.; Malacrida, P.; Wickman, B.; Escudero-Escribano, M.; Paoli, E. A.; Frydendal, R.; Hansen, T. W.; Chorkendorff, I.; Stephens, I. E. L.; Rossmeisl, J. Nat. Mater.
2013, 12, 1137.
(3) Verdaguer-Casadevall, A.; Deiana, D.; Karamad, M.; Siahrostami, S.; Malacrida, P.; Hansen, T. W.; Rossmeisl, J.; Chorkendorff, I.; Stephens, I. E. L. Nano Lett.
2014, 14, 1603.
(4) Yamanaka, I.; Onizawa, T.; Takenaka, S.; Otsuka, K. Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed.
2003, 42, 3653.
(5) Yamanaka, I.; Onisawa, T.; Hashimoto, T.; Murayama, T. ChemSusChem
2011, 4, 494.
(6) Fellinger, T.-P.; Hasché, F.; Strasser, P.; Antonietti, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2012, 134, 4072.
(7) Hatay, I.; Su, B.; Méndez, M. A.; Corminboeuf, C.; Khoury, T.; Gros, C. P.; Bourdillon, M.; Meyer, M.; Barbe, J.-M.; Ersoz, M.; Záliš, S.; Samec, Z.; Girault, H. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2010, 132, 13733.
(8) Wu, S.; Su, B. Chem. Eur. J.
2012, 18, 3169.
(9) Savéant, J.-M. Chem. Rev.
2008, 108, 2348.
(Invited) Brain Initiative & Biomaterials Research Support at the National Science Foundation
Authors: Simonian Aleksandr 
Published: February 2020

In this presentation, the NSF perspective on the BRAIN Initiative research and education, as well as a description of the NSF/DMR/BMAT program perspective on biomaterials research and education will be presented.
The BRAIN Initiative (Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies) is a collaborative, public-private research initiative with the goal of supporting the development and application of innovative technologies that can create a dynamic understanding of brain function. In support of the BRAIN Initiative, the NSF announced a funding opportunity to support transformative and integrative research to accelerate our understanding of neural and cognitive systems as part of The BRAIN Initiative. NSF Director France Cordova commended the initiative, stating, "The BRAIN Initiative is truly an exciting and potentially game-changing effort to unlock the secrets of one of humankind's most enduring mysteries". The BRAIN Initiative was kicked off with a total of $100 million in initial commitments from NSF, the (U.S.) National Institutes of Health, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and a number of private research institutes. Since its launch, the initiative has expanded to include the participation of several other federal agencies, scientific societies, and nonprofit organizations.
The Biomaterials program supports fundamental materials researchrelated to (1) biological materials, (2) biomimetic, bioinspired, and bio-enabled materials, (3) synthetic materials intended for applications in contact with biological systems, and (4) the processes through which nature produces biological materials. Projects are typically interdisciplinary and may encompass scales from the nanoscopic to the bulk. They may involve characterization, design, preparation, and modification; studies of structure-property relationships and interfacial behavior; and combinations of experiment, theory, and/or simulation. The emphasis is on novel materials design and development and discovery of new phenomena.

General information on all the programs in DMR can be found on the DMR Web page: http://www.nsf.gov/div/index.jsp?div=DMR. In addition, attendees will have the opportunity to interact “one on one" with NSF BMAT Program Director.
(Invited) Carbon Fiber Electrode Array for the Detection of Electrophysiological and Dopaminergic Activity
Authors: Patel Paras R. , Popov Pavlo , Mohebi Ali , Hamid Arif , Pettibone Jeffrey , Roossien Doug , Aragona Brandon , Cai Dawen , Berke Joshua , Chestek Cynthia 
Published: February 2020

To better understand how neuromodulators influence information processing we need to be able to monitor both chemical and electrical activity with high spatial and temporal resolution. This holds particularly true for the nucleus accumbens, a critical structure for motivated decision making. Subregions of the nucleus accumbens (including core and shell) have functionally distinct dopamine release characteristics, and sampling from these subregions with multiple electrodes has been difficult due to the size of existing glass or silica- insulated carbon fiber electrodes. To overcome this issue we have developed a high-density carbon fiber electrode array that can alternately monitor electrophysiological and dopaminergic activity in multiple subregions simultaneously. Specifically, we have developed a 16-channel array using a thin (t=50µm) flexible printed circuit board as the underlying substrate. At the end of this extension 16 carbon fibers, at a pitch of 132 um, are secured using silver epoxy. The fibers extend past the edge by 500µm, which is short enough for self-insertion, and are insulated with parylene-c. The tips of the fibers are then laser etched to re-expose a carbon surface and treated with oxygen plasma to remove any remaining debris. The laser and oxygen plasma steps result in a low electrode impedance and eliminate the need to electrodeposit poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). This array has been implanted in n=3 animals to date. Implanted arrays have exhibited single unit activity, as well as signatures of dopamine activity using cyclic voltammetry while the animal is awake and behaving. Phasic surges in dopamine concentration (i.e. dopamine ‘transients’; indicative of dopamine release from burst firing of dopamine neurons) were also detected using fast scan cyclic voltammetry after the administration of a cocaine and raclopride mixture through a venous port. In n=1 rat, the brain was sliced with the electronics in place after chronic experiments to visual the position of electrode tips, and the neurons immediately surrounding them. Thus, the array allows for sampling of electrical and chemical activity from neighboring, but still distinct, neuronal populations. Increasing the electrode density and count will provide yet further information about the influence of dopamine over microcircuit computations.
(Invited) Conjoint Measurement of Brain Electrophysiology and Neurochemistry
Authors: Zaveri Hitten P. , Ganesh Nimisha , Goncharova Irina I , Damisah Eyiyemisi , Ong Caroline , Perez Edgar , Staib Lawrence , Hirsch Lawrence , Petroff Ognen , Spencer Dennis , Eid Tore 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: We routinely perform conjoint measurement of intracranial electrophysiology and brain neurochemistry in patients with medically intractable epilepsy undergoing intracranial EEG (icEEG) monitoring for possible epilepsy surgery. The conjoint measurement of these two modalities can be revealing of the presumed neurochemical basis of electrophysiological markers of human brain excitation and inhibition. This study focused on interictal electroencephalography (EEG) spikes. Interictal EEG spikes have traditionally been considered to be a marker of brain excitability in epilepsy, though some recent research has questioned this assumption. Here we correlated co-localized measurements of intracranially recorded interictal EEG spikes and basal extracellular glutamate concentrations, a well-established marker of excitation, in patients with intractable epilepsy.

Methods: Glutamate was quantified from brain microdialysate obtained from 30 combined depth icEEG electrode and microdialysis catheters placed in 15 patients. EEG spikes were counted, at the time when glutamate was documented, in two separate manners: (1) for the two icEEG electrode contacts on either side of the microdialysis membrane, and (2) for all contacts within the brain region where the dialysis probe was located.

Results:We observed the interictal icEEG spike rate was not directly proportional to basal glutamate; rather the icEEG spike rate was low when basal glutamate was high, and vice versa. A joint analysis of brain electrophysiology and neurochemistry thus indicates an inverse, rather than a direct, relationship between interictal icEEG spikes and brain extracellular glutamate.

Discussion: Interictal EEG spikes have traditionally been considered to be a marker of brain excitability. The lack of a direct relation between basal glutamate and icEEG spike rate, however, supports the suggestion that EEG spikes may not be reflective of brain excitability, but rather may be reflective of inhibition. To support the findings of this study and underscore the importance of the conjoint measurement of brain electrophysiology and neurochemistry we discuss observations of other studies of interictal EEG spikes, and observations from other studies of conjoint brain electrophysiology and neurochemistry performed by our group.

Conclusions: This study suggests that there is considerable value for in-vivo co-localized measurement of human brain electrophysiology and neurochemistry to improve our understanding of these two modalities, and for understanding the mechanism underlying medically intractable epilepsy.
(Invited) Scaling Effects on the Electrophysiological Stimulation Capabilities of PEDOT:PSS, Pt, and Au
Authors: Ganji Mehran , Dayeh Shadi 
Published: February 2020

Recent clinical successes of neuromodulator devices such as cochlear implants, deep brain stimulation (DBS) and spinal cord stimulation have generated a wide interest in exploiting emerging state-of-the-art biomaterials for therapeutic electrical stimulation of neurological diseases and disorders. Some of these applications require localized stimulation using microelectrodes with a charge injection density beyond 0.5 mC/cm2 that exceeds Pt and Pt alloys charge injection limits (0.3 mC/cm2). This is where IrOx, TiN and conducting polymers (CPs) emerge as potential candidates as materials for next generation microelectrodes.
Here, we present a systematic in-vitro charge injection study to benchmark stimulation performance of PEDOT:PSS on Au, PEDOT:PSS on Pt, and reference Au and Pt electrodes across 20μm to 2000μm electrode diameters. In our study, higher charge injection capacity was measured for PEDOT:PSS/Pt microelectrodes (20 µm to 150 µm diameter size) which was ~3.4 time larger than Pt and ~9 time larger than Au microelectrodes. However, macroscale PEDOT:PSS/Au electrodes (200 µm to 2000 µm diameter size) displayed higher charge injection capacity compare to other electrode materials. Optimal OCP bias voltage was presented at 0.4 V for both PEDOT:PSS/Au and Pt micro/macro electrodes. Particularly, CICs of microelectrodes experienced ~55% and ~135% enhancement compare to zero bias voltage, resulted in maximum 1.88 mC/cm2 and 0.8 mC/cm2 CIC for PEDOT:PSS/Au and Pt microelectrodes respectively. CICs of PEDOT:PSS/Au micro/macro electrodes boosted ~ 13-14% further at 0.5 V OCP bias voltage by pulse engineering (asymmetric pulse injection). Charge injection capacity introduced as frequency-dependent parameter whereas PEDOT:PSS/Au microdots and macrodots demonstrated 40% and 21% larger CIC by pulse width expansion from 200 µs to 2 ms duration; which highlights the importance of accurate regulation of stimulation methodology parameters such as pulse width to make proper balance between safe (higher CIC) and initiative neural stimulation (higher current and frequency). Finally, Charge storage capacity (CSC) evaluation revealed the largest CSC for Pt micro/macro electrodes compare to other electrode materials, whereas PEDOT:PSS/Au micro/macro electrodes offered higher capability to convert those available stored charges into injected electrical pulse (higher CIC/ CSC ratio).
We believe that these results could pave the way toward establishing safe and efficient clinically-relevant stimulation protocol for PEDOT:PSS microelectrodes.
Detection of Foodborne Bacteria based on AlGaN/GaN HEMT DNA Sensors
Authors: Park Minseo , Thapa Resham , Son Ahjeong 
Published: February 2020

It is of the utmost importance to rapidly detect and identify bacterial pathogens contained in food. Numerous studies have been performed to develop a biosensor to detect the biopathogens contained in food. Due to its high specificity, hybridization-based DNA sensing mechanisms have of high merit. Among the DNA hybridization biosensors, field effect transistor (FET) based sensors are of interest due to its rapidness in detection and label-free use. AlGaN-based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is a special type of a FET which exhibits a high charge sensitivity due to the ample existence of 2 dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the quantum well transistor channel. In our research, we have fabricated AlGaN-based HEMT DNA sensor and has successfully demonstrated the DNA hybridization. In order to enhance specificity maintaining its sensitivity, an amine-based chemistry was used. A DNA with a sequence which represent that of salmonella were used as a probe. A 3 base-pair mismatched DNA was used as a control. A DNA with a complementary sequence was used as a target. The DNA sensor showed a significant current decrease when a complimentary DNA was applied to the gate well while a substantially small current reduction was observed for the introduction of 3 base pair mismatched DNA. Therefore, it was concluded that the AlGaN-based HEMT DNA sensor with amine-based chemistry exhibits high specificity in detection.
Ref) Resham Thapa, Siddharth Alur, Kyusang Kim, Fei Tong, Yogesh Sharma, Moonil Kim,
Claude Ahyi, Jing Dai, Jong Wook Hong, Michael Bozack, John Williams, Applied Physics Letters 100, 232109 (2012).
Taylor Vortex Reactor: A Scalable Advanced Chemical Reactor for Producing Li-Ion Cathode Precursors
Authors: Kahvecioglu Feridun Ozgenur , Shin Youngho , Krumdick Gregory , Berkland Lisa 
Published: February 2020

Although earlier adoption of continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) were successfully employed in the synthesis of cathode precursor to day; there are still engineering challenges with the CSTRs, which makes several manufacturers to seek for alternative reactor systems. Typically, the CSTRs are modified (and still being modified based on the requirement of application) in order to overcome the common issues like: low reproducibility, product efficiency, very long stabilization times due to low mass transfer rate, hard to maintain the stability of the co-precipitation system, particle over growth by time and, etc.
Here, we report an advanced manufacturing system, Taylor Vortex Reactor (TVR), for the cathode precursor synthesis, which overcomes many complexities encountered in CSTRs. The talk will discuss the scalability of TVR as an alternative way of manufacturing cathode precursors and the outcomes of different scales will be compared.

Acknowledgement

Funding for this work from the Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, is gratefully acknowledged. The submitted abstract has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The Importance of Surface Tension Control in Slurry Preparation for Thick Electrode Manufacturing
Authors: Du Zhijia , Wood Marissa , Sheng Yangping , An Seong Jin , Li Jianlin , Daniel Claus , Wood David L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aqueous processing of Li-ion battery electrodes promises to reduce cost due to the elimination of the toxic solvent N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) [1]. It has been reported that good rate performance and cycling performance can be achieved by aqueous processing of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2, NMC532) at ~2 mAh/cm2 loading [2]. To further increase the energy density of Li-ion cells, the loading needs to be increased to at least ~4 mAh/cm2 [3]. However, loading increases to this level using aqueous processing introduce critical cracking issues leading to poor performance [4].
This work reports the importance of surface tension control in the preparation of slurries for coating manufacturing with high areal loadings. Crack initiation and propagation associated with the build-up of capillary pressure during the drying process will be discussed. The surface tension of the slurry is reduced by the addition of another solvent, which leads to improved wettability and decreased capillary pressure during drying. The critical thickness (areal loading) without cracking increases gradually with decreasing surface tension. The electrochemical performance of pouch cells will also be discussed.
Acknowledgements
This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, was sponsored by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Vehicle Technologies Office(VTO) (Deputy Director: David Howell) Applied Battery Research subprogram (Program Manager: Peter Faguy).
References:
[1] D. L. Wood, J. Li and C. Daniel, J. Power Sources 275 (2015) 234.
[2] J. Li, D. Mohanty, C. Daniel, and D. L. Wood III, Aqueous Processing of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 Composite Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries, 225th ECS meeting, May 11-15, 2014.
[3] Z. Du, D.L. Wood, C. Daniel, S. Kalnaus, J. Li, J. Applied Electrochemistry 47 (2017) 405.
[4] Z. Du, K.M. Rollag, J. Li, S.J. An, M. Wood, Y. Sheng, P.P. Mukherjee, C. Daniel, D.L. Wood III, Enabling aqueous processing for crack-free thick electrodes, J. Power Sources, In press.