bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf to panicle ratio (LPR): a new physiological trait indicative of source and sink relation in japonica rice based on deep learning
Authors: Yang Zongfeng , Gao Shang , Xiao Feng , Li Ganghua , Ding Yangfeng , Guo Qinghua , Paul Matthew J. , Liu Zhenghui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background : Identification and characterization of new traits with a sound physiological foundation is essential for crop breeding and management. Deep learning has been widely used in image data analysis to explore spatial and temporal information on crop growth and development, thus strengthening the power of the identification of physiological traits. This study aims to develop a novel trait that indicates source and sink relation in japonica rice based on deep learning. Results : We applied a deep learning approach to accurately segment leaf and panicle and subsequently developed the procedure of GvCrop to calculate the leaf to panicle ratio (LPR) of rice populations during grain filling. Images of the training dataset were captured in the field experiments, with large variations in camera shooting angle, the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the sun, rice genotype, and plant phenological stages. Accurately labeled by manually annotating all the panicle and leaf regions, the resulting dataset were used to train FPN-Mask (Feature Pyramid Network Mask) models, consisting of a backbone network and a task-specific sub-network. The model with the highest accuracy is then selected to study the variations in LPR among 192 rice germplasms and among agronomical practices. Despite the challenging field conditions, FPN-Mask models achieved a high detection accuracy, with Pixel Accuracy being 0.99 for panicles and 0.98 for leaves. The calculated LPRs showed large spatial and temporal variations as well as genotypic differences. Conclusion : Deep learning techniques can achieve high accuracy in simultaneously detecting panicle and leaf data from complex rice field images. The proposed FPN-Mask model is applicable for detecting and quantifying crop performance under field conditions. The newly identified trait of LPR should provide a high throughput protocol for breeders to select superior rice cultivars as well as for agronomists to precisely manage field crops that have a good balance of source and sink.
Transplanted Hair Follicle Stem Cells Migrate to the Penumbra and Express Neural Markers in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischaemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Zhang Xuemei , Tang Hao , Mao Senlin , Li Bing , Zhou Yinglian , Yue Hui , Wang Duo , Wang Yifei , Fu Jin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Ischaemic stroke has become the main cause of death and severe neurological disorders, for which effective restorative treatments are currently limited. While stem cell transplantation offers therapeutic potential through neural regeneration, this approach is associated with challenges of limited applicable sources. Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are multipotential cells that can differentiate into ectodermal and mesodermal lineages and proliferate for long periods. The therapeutic potentials of HFSCs have not been investigated in ischaemic stroke models and, therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine whether they could survive and migrate to ischaemic areas after stroke attack.Methods: A rat model of middle cerebral artery ischaemia/reperfusion was established and intravenously administered HFSCs. The potential of HFSCs to migrate and differentiate into neuron-like cells as well as their ability to reduce the infarct size was evaluated. Rat brain tissue samples were collected 2 weeks after cell transplantation and analysed via TTC staining, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry methods. The data were statistically analysed and presented as the means ± standard deviations.Results: Intravenously administrated rat HFSCs were able to migrate to the penumbra where they expressed neuron-specific markers, reduced the infarct volume, and promoted neurological recovery.Conclusion: HFSC transplantation has therapeutic potential for ischaemic stroke, and is, therefore, worthy of further investigation toward possible clinical development for treating stroke patients.
Ex-Utero Intrapartum Treatment (EXIT): indications and outcome in fetal cervical and oropharyngeal masses
Authors: García-Díaz Lutgardo , Chimenea Ángel , de Agustín Juan Carlos , Pavón Antonio , Antiñolo Guillermo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The “Ex-Utero Intrapartum Treatment” (EXIT) procedure allows to ensure fetal airway before completion of delivery and umbilical cord clamping while keeping uteroplacental circulation. Airway obstruction in fetal oropharyngeal and cervical masses can be life-threatening at birth. In those situations, controlled access to fetal airway performed by a trained multidisciplinary team allows safe airway management, while feto-maternal circulation is preserved. We aim to review the indications and outcome of the EXIT procedure in a case series of fetal cervical and oropharyngeal masses.Methods: We have carried out a retrospective review of all patients with fetal cervical and oropharyngeal masses who underwent an EXIT procedure between 2008 and 2019. Variables evaluated included indication for EXIT, ultrasound and MRI findings, the need of amnioreduction, gestational age at EXIT, birth weight, complications, operative time, survival rate, pathological findings, and postnatal evolution. Five patients are included in this series. One additional case has already been published.Results: The diagnosis were cervical teratoma (n=1), epulis (n=1) and lymphangioma (n=3). Polyhydramnios was present in 2 patients, requiring amnioreduction in one of them. Mean gestational age at EXIT was 36-37 weeks (range, 34-38 weeks). Median EXIT time in placental support was 9 minutes (range, 3-22 minutes). Access to airway was successfully established in EXIT in all cases. All children born by EXIT are currently healthy and without complications. Conclusion: The localization and characteris­tics of the mass, its relationship to the airway, and the presence of polyhydramnios seem to be major factors determining indications for EXIT and clinical outcome.
Alcohol drinking as a mediator of the influence of smoking prevalence on second-hand smoke exposure in workplaces: A mediation analysis
Authors: LIN Haoxiang , Chang Chun , LIU Zhao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: Both alcohol drinking and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure have shown a strong association with smoking behaviour. This study uses mediation analysis to clarify the process underlying the relationship between smoking prevalence and SHS exposure and the extent to which this relationship is mediated by alcohol use in the workplace.Method: A total of 14195 employees from 81 companies in China participated in this survey. Mediation analysis was used to establish the mediation effect of alcohol drinking. Structural equation modelling（SEM） was used to evaluate the role of alcohol drinking when a smoke-free (SF) workplace policy was imposed.Results: For males, approximately 6.3% of the effects on SHS exposure were mediated through the channel of alcohol use. For females, this channel mediated 14.1% of the total effects. SF policy was negatively associated with smoking prevalence and SHS exposure. The indirect effect of the SF policy on reducing SHS exposure by controlling smoking behaviour was significant. For smokers, worksite smoking bans were negatively associated with the smoking amount and drinking behaviour, and the indirect effect of this policy on promoting smokers’ intention to quit by reducing the smoking amount and controlling drinking behaviour was significant.Conclusion: This study confirmed that alcohol drinking is among the channels that mediate the association between smoking prevalence and SHS exposure in workplaces. Our results also find a spillover effect of SF workplace policy and call for effective interventions for alcohol use, which may influence the outcomes of SF policy implementation.
Resveratrol attenuates cigarette smoke induced endothelial apoptosis by activating Notch1 signaling mediated autophagy
Authors: Zong Dandan , Liu Xiang-ming , Li Jin-hua , Ouyang Ruo-yun , Long Ying-jiao , Chen Ping , Chen Yan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Increasing evidences have showed that endothelial apoptosis contributes to cigarette smoke (CS)-induced disease progression, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our previous studies have validated Notch1 as an anti-apoptotic signaling in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced endothelial apoptosis. Resveratrol (RESV) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that exhibits an anti-apoptotic activity in endothelial cells that exposed to many kinds of destructive stimulus. However, the effects of resveratrol on Notch1 signaling in CS-induced endothelial apoptosis have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether RESV can protect endothelial cells from cigarette smoke induced apoptosis via regulating Notch1 signaling.

Methods

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with RESV for 2 h, followed by cotreatment with 2.5%CSE for 24h to explore the role of RESV in CSE induced endothelial apoptosis. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or rapamycin was used to alter autophagic levels. Lentivirus Notch1 intracellular domain (LV-N1ICD) or γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT) were used to change Notch1 expression. The expression of Notch1, autophagic and apoptotic markers were examined by Western blot and the apoptosis rate was detected by Flow cytometry analysis.

Results

Our results showed that activating autophagy reduced CSE-induced endothelial apoptosis, while blocking autophagy promoted cell apoptosis in HUVECs. RESV pretreatment attenuated the CSE-induced endothelial apoptosis and activated Notch1 signaling. RESV pretreatment also increased LC3b-II and Beclin1 production, decreased p62 and mTOR expression. 3-MA treatment inhibited autophagy and aggravated CSE induced apoptosis, while rapamycin promoted autophagy, led to a decrease in cell apoptosis. LV-N1ICD transfection upregulated autophagy and reduced apoptosis. However, this protective effect was abolished by 3-MA treatment. In cells treated with DAPT, autophagy was decreased, while apoptosis was increased. RESV partly rescued the DAPT induced apoptosis by activating Notch1 signaling.

Conclusion

In HUVECs, RESV attenuates CSE induced endothelial apoptosis by inducing autophagy in a Notch1-dependent manner.
The Natural Course of Hereditary Angioedema in a Chinese Cohort
Authors: Cao Yang , Liu Shuang , Zhi Yuxiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease with potential life-threatening risks. To study the natural course of HAE under therapy-free conditions throughout patient life is essential for practitioners and patients to avoid possible risk factors and guide treatment.

Objectives

Describe the natural course of HAE and explore possible risk factors, providing new clues for guiding clinical prevention and treatment.

Methods

A web-based survey was conducted in 103 Chinese patients with type 1 HAE. Disease progression at different age stages was provided by each participant. The data for exploring the natural course of HAE composed of two parts: one came from the participants who had never adopted any prophylactic drug for HAE; the other was from the patients with a history of medication, but only the periods before they got confirmed diagnosis and received medications were analyzed. The demographic characteristics, lifestyles, disease severity, and family history were also collected.

Results

Among 103 patients, 14 (13.6%) had their first HAE attack before ten years old and 51 (49.5%) between 10 and 19. The disease worsened in 83.3% of the patients in their twenties. The proportion of patients with symptoms alleviated increased after the age of 30 years old, but the disease maintained relatively severe in most cases before 50. The participants also reported 233 members shared similar symptoms of angioedema in their family and 30 had died of laryngeal edema with the median death age of 46 years old. The disease severity was not observed to be affected significantly by gender, BMI, alcohol or smoking.

Conclusions

We summarized HAE progression patterns under therapy-free conditions, showing the natural course of HAE development along with aging. Long-term prophylaxis and symptomatic treatment are recommended for all HAE patients, especially young and middle-aged and might be adjusted depending on the disease progression.
The Quality of Primary Care in Community Health Centers: Comparison among Urban, Suburban and Rural Users in Shanghai, China
Authors: Shi Jianwei , Jin Hua , Shi Leiyu , Chen Chen , Ge Xuhua , Lu Yuan , Zhang Hanzhi , Wang Zhaoxin , Yu Dehua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: Following World Health Organization’s initiatives to advance primary care, China put forth forceful policies including the Personal Family Doctor Contract to ensure that every family sign up with a qualified doctor in a community health center (CHC) ever since its 2009 New Health Reform. We used the Johns Hopkins-designed Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) to assess primary care quality experienced by the contracted residents and compare this across different socioeconomic regions.Methods: Using a multistage sampling method, four CHCs each were randomly selected from urban, suburban and rural districts of Shanghai, a metropolitan with 24 million residents. ANOVA and Multivariate analyses were used to assess the association between location of CHC and the quality of primary care experience.Findings: A total of 2,404 CHC users completed our survey. Except for the domain of coordination (information systems), users from suburban CHCs reported best primary care experiences in all other domains, followed by users of rural CHCs. After controlling for covariates, suburban CHC users were more likely to report higher total PCAT scores (ß=1.57, P<0.001) compared with those from urban CHCs.Conclusion: That contracted residents from suburban CHCs reporting better primary care experience than those from urban CHCs demonstrates the unique value of CHCs in relatively medical-underserved areas. In particular, urban CHCs could further strengthen first contact (utilization), first contact (accessibility), coordination (referral system), comprehensiveness (available), and community orientation aspects of primary care performance. However, all CHCs could improve coordination (information system).
Impact of viral coinfection and macrolide-resistant mycoplasma infection in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Authors: Zhou Yajuan , Wang Jing , Chen Wenjuan , Shen Nan , Tao Yue , Zhao Ruike , Luo Lijuan , Li Biru , Cao Qing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cases of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia have been increasing recently; however, whether viral coinfection or macrolide-resistant M. infection contribute to the development of refractory M. pneumoniae pneumonia remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of viral coinfection and macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae infection on M. pneumoniae pneumonia in hospitalized children and build a model to predict a severe disease course. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs or sputum specimens were collected from patients with community-acquired pneumonia meeting our protocol who were admitted to Shanghai Children’s Medical Center from December 1, 2016, to May 31, 2019. The specimens were tested with the FilmArray Respiratory Panel, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay that detects 16 viruses, Bordetella pertussis, M. pneumoniae, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors for adenovirus coinfection and macrolide-resistant mycoplasma infection.Results: Among the 107 M. pneumoniae pneumonia patients, the coinfection rate was 56.07%, and 60 (60/107, 56.07%) patients were infected by drug-resistant M. pneumoniae. Adenovirus was the most prevalent coinfecting organism, accounting for 22.43% (24/107). The classification tree confirmed that viral coinfection was more common in patients younger than 3 years old. Adenovirus coinfection and drug-resistant M. pneumoniae infection occurred more commonly in patients with refractory M. pneumoniae pneumonia (P=0.019; P=0.001). A prediction model including wheezing, lung consolidation and extrapulmonary complications was used to predict adenovirus coinfection. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the prediction model was 0.795 (95% CI 0.679-0.893, P<0.001). A prolonged fever duration after the application of macrolides for 48 hours was found more commonly in patients infected by drug-resistant M. pneumoniae (P=0.002). A fever duration longer than 7 days was an independent risk factor for drug-resistant Mycoplasma infection (OR=3.500, 95% CI=1.310-9.353, P=0.012).Conclusions: The occurrence of refractory M. pneumoniae pneumonia is associated with adenovirus coinfection and infection by drug-resistant M. pneumoniae. A prediction model combining wheezing, extrapulmonary complications and lung consolidation can be used to predict adenovirus coinfection in children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia. A prolonged fever duration indicates drug-resistant M. pneumoniae infection, and a reasonable change in antibiotics is necessary.
Myofibroma/myofibromatosis: MDCT and MR imaging findings in 24 patients with radiological-pathological correlation
Authors: Yi Kun-ming , Chen Kang , Ma Qiang , Wang Lu , Li Ran , Wang Yi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to characterize the radiological features of myofibroma on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and correlate the imaging findings with pathologic features. Methods: The radiological findings of 24 patients with 29 myofibromas were retrospectively reviewed. All images were evaluated with emphasis on density, signal intensity, hypointense area, and enhancement, correlating these with pathologic findings. Results: On plain MDCT scan, 4(26.7%) tumors were homogeneous isodensity, 4(26.7%) tumors were heterogeneous hyperdensity, and 7(46.7%) tumors were heterogeneous hypodensity. On contrast-enhanced MDCT scan, all tumors (9/9) showed heterogeneous enhancement with moderate in 3(33.3%) and marked in 6(66.7%) tumors, and their enhancements were higher compared to adjacent skeletal muscle (P=0.0001). On MRI, heterogeneous slight hyperintensity, homogeneous slight hyperintensity, and heterogeneous hypointensity on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) were observed in 14(82.3%), 1(5.9%) and 2(11.8%) tumors, respectively. On T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and fat-suppressed (FS) T2WI, all tumors demonstrated heterogeneous hyperintensity. All tumors showed heterogeneous marked enhancement on FS contrast-enhanced T1WI. On T1WI, T2WI, FS T2WI, and FS contrast-enhanced T1WI, irregular strip or/and patchy hypointensities were found in 16(94.1%), 12(100%), 17(100%) and 17(100%) tumors, respectively, and pseudocapsule was seen in 5(29.4%) tumors. The hypointensities and pseudocapsule on MRI were exactly corresponding to pathological interlacing collagen fibers and fibrosis. The age of the recurrent group was lower than that of the non-recurrent group (P=0.001) and the tumors without pseudocapsule were more likely to recur than those with pseudocapsule (P=0.034). Conclusion: Myofibromas are characterized by heterogeneous density or signal intensity, with moderate or marked enhancement. The hypointensities and pseudocapsule on MRI may be helpful in diagnosis, and the absence of pseudocapsule and younger age may be risk factors for tumor recurrence.
The modules of mental health programs implemented in schools in low- and middle-income countries: Findings from a systematic literature review
Authors: Gimba Solomon Musa , Harris Paul , Saito Amornrat , Udah Hyacinth , Martin Averil , Wheeler Amanda J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Secondary schools in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) provide promotional, preventive, and early treatment services. But the literature indicates that the components of these services are either adapted or modified from existing mental health programs in developed countries. The literature also highlights the provision of non-comprehensive services (mental health promotion, prevention, and early treatment), in LMICs such as Nigeria. These findings inform the need for undertaking this systematic literature review. The aim of the review was to identify components of school based mental health programs that have been implemented in LMICs to guide the development of a culturally sensitive comprehensive mental health program for adolescents in a LMICs.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement was used to guide this review. The following databases were searched in September 2018, to identify the relevant literature: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ERIC. The search was conducted by one of the authors and reviewed by two of the authors.

Results

Following the screening process, a total of 11 papers were identified and reviewed for quality. The systematic review highlighted that the mental health programs provided in schools included: introduction module, communication and relationship module, psychoeducation module, cognitive skills module, behavioral skills module, establishing social networks for recovery and help seeking behavioral activities and a summary/conclusion module.

Conclusion

The review shed light on the characteristics of the programs in LMICs. Two programs were universal in nature. Five programs were directed at key risk factors or at-risk groups and four were early intervention programs. The review also revealed that only one programs out of the 11 programs, included modules for parents. The synthesis indicated that all the identified programs were adapted or modified from existing programs. The dearth of comprehensive programs in LMICs was also revealed. The review also revealed modules that can be useful for developing a school based mental health program in LMICs.
Chronic Loss of STAG2 Leads to Altered Chromatin Structure Contributing to DE-Regulated Transcription in AML.
Authors: Smith James , Lappin Katrina M , Craig Stephanie G , Liberante Fabio G , Crean Clare M , McDade Simon , Thompson Alexander , Mills Kenneth , Savage Kienan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The cohesin complex plays a major role in folding the human genome into 3D structural domains. Mutations in members of the cohesin complex are known early drivers of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), with STAG2 the most frequently mutated complex member. Methods Here we use functional genomics (RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and HiChIP) to investigate the impact of chronic STAG2 loss on three-dimensional genome structure and transcriptional programming in a clinically relevant model of chronic STAG2 loss. Results The chronic loss of STAG2 led to loss of smaller loop domains and the maintenance/formation of large domains that, in turn, led to altered genome compartmentalisation. These changes in genome structure resulted in altered gene expression, including deregulation of the HOXA locus and the MAPK signalling pathway, resulting in increased sensitivity to MEK inhibition. Conclusions: The altered genomic architecture driven by the chronic loss of STAG2 results in altered gene expression that may contribute to leukaemogenesis and may be therapeutically targeted.