bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and clinical outcomes of patients with ovarian cancer who were treated on phase 1 clinical trials
Authors: Corr Bradley R. , Moroney Marisa , Sheeder Jeanelle , Eckhardt S. Gail , Sawyer Brandon , Behbakht Kian , Diamond Jennifer R. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPatients with ovarian cancer who are enrolled on phase 1 trials typically have platinum‐resistant and heavily pretreated disease, with a poor prognosis. In the current study, the authors assessed prognostic factors and survival in women with recurrent ovarian cancer who were treated on phase 1 clinical trials.MethodsThe authors performed a retrospective analysis of patients treated from 2008 through 2018 at the University of Colorado Cancer Center. Patient characteristics and treatment and toxicity‐related survival data were assessed. Descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify risk factors associated with survival time.ResultsA total of 132 patients were treated on phase 1 clinical trials. Patients had a median age of 59 years (range, 33‐88 years) with a median of 5.5 previous chemotherapy lines (range, 1‐13 lines). Of the 132 patients, 53 (40%) were treated on multiple phase 1 trials with a median of 1 (range, 0‐5) prior phase 1 trial. The overall response rate was 14.7%. The median overall survival was 11.3 months (95% CI, 9.1‐13.4 months). Two patients died on trial due to progression of disease whereas no patients died of treatment‐related toxicity. Independent risk factors found to be predictive of shorter survival were an elevated cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) level (hazard ratio [HR], 2.8; 95% CI, 1.6‐5.2) and albumin <3.5 g/dL (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.65‐3.79). A body mass index >25 kg/m2 was predictive of longer survival (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44‐0.96).ConclusionsIn the current single‐institution series, patients with heavily pretreated ovarian cancer who were treated on phase 1 clinical trials experienced a median overall survival of 11.3 months. When available, phase 1 clinical trials represent a reasonable treatment option for patients with heavily pretreated ovarian cancer with a preserved performance status.
Effect of Hepatic Impairment on Cobimetinib Pharmacokinetics: The Complex Interplay Between Physiological Changes and Drug Characteristics
Authors: Cheeti Sravanthi , Deng Yuzhong , Chang Ilsung , Georgescu Isabela , Templeton Ian , Choong Nicholas , Cheung Kit Wun Kathy , Girish Sandhya , Musib Luna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCobimetinib is a kinase inhibitor indicated for use in combination with vemurafenib for treatment of unresectable/metastatic melanoma with specific BRAF mutations. Cobimetinib is extensively metabolized in liver; thus, patients with hepatic impairment (HI) might have increased cobimetinib exposure. In this study, we investigated the impact of HI on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of cobimetinib. Subjects with normal hepatic function and mild to severe HI were enrolled. All subjects received a single oral dose of 10 mg cobimetinib, and serial blood samples were collected at specified times. Cobimetinib PK in subjects with mild and moderate HI was similar to that in those with normal liver function. However, subjects with severe HI, on average, showed ∼30% lower total AUC0‐∞ and ∼2‐fold higher unbound AUC0‐∞ compared with those with normal hepatic function. These exposure differences can be explained by lower albumin levels observed in subjects with severe HI, the strong correlation between albumin level and the unbound fraction and the general PK variability of cobimetinib. In addition, previous studies with cobimetinib showed a lack of an exposure‐response relationship for efficacy and safety. Therefore, collectively, our results suggest that the starting dose for patients with hepatic impairment can be the same as that for those with normal hepatic function.
Molecular Mobility of Tert‐butyl Alcohol Confined in a Breathing MIL‐53 (Al) Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Khudozhitkov Alexander E. , Toktarev Alexander V. , Arzumanov Sergei S. , Gabrienko Anton A. , Kolokolov Daniil I. , Stepanov Alexander G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a detailed solid‐state NMR characterization of the molecular dynamics of tert‐butyl alcohol (TBA) confined inside breathing metal‐organic framework (MOF) MIL‐53(Al). 27Al MAS NMR has demonstrated that TBA adsorption induces the iX phase of MIL‐53 material with partially shrunk channels. 2H solid‐state NMR has shown that the adsorbed alcohol exhibits anisotropic rotations of the methyl groups around two
axes and librations of the molecule as a whole about the axis passing through the TBA C−O bond. These librations are realized by two distinct ways: fast molecule orientation change during the translational jump diffusion along the channel with characteristic time τD of about 10−9 s at 300 K; slow local librations at a single coordination site, representing framework hydroxyl groups, with τl≈10−6 s at 300 K. Self‐diffusion coefficient of the alcohol in the MOF has been estimated: D=3.4×10−10 m2 s−1 at 300 K. It has been inferred that both the framework flexibility and the interaction with framework hydroxyl groups define the dynamics of TBA confined in the channels of MIL‐53 (Al).
Insights into Nitrogenase Bioelectrocatalysis for Green Ammonia Production
Authors: Rapson Trevor D. , Gregg Christina M. , Allen Robert S. , Ju HyungKuk , Doherty Cara M. , Mulet Xavier , Giddey Sarbjit , Wood Craig C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is a growing interest in using ammonia as a liquid carrier of hydrogen for energy applications. Currently, ammonia is produced industrially by the Haber‐Bosch process, which requires high temperature and high pressure. In contrast, bacteria have naturally evolved an enzyme known as nitrogenase, that is capable of producing ammonia and hydrogen at ambient temperature and pressure. Therefore, nitrogenases are attractive as a potentially more efficient means to produce ammonia via harnessing the unique properties of this enzyme. In recent years, exciting progress has been made in bioelectrocatalysis using nitrogenases to produce ammonia. Here, the prospects for developing biological ammonia production are outlined, key advances in bioelectrocatalysis by nitrogenases are highlighted, and possible solutions to the obstacles faced in realising this goal are discussed.
Effects on Carbon Molecular Sieve Membrane Properties for a Precursor Polyimide with Simultaneous Flatness and Contortion in the Repeat Unit
Authors: Liang Jiachen , Wang Zhenggong , Huang Menghui , Wu Shanshan , Shi Yanshu , Zhang Yatao , Jin Jian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCarbon molecular sieve (CMS)‐based membrane separation is a promising solution for hydrogen separation due to its great advantages on perm‐selectivity, thermal stability, and chemical stability. To prepare high‐performance CMS membranes, the molecular structure of polymer precursors and their arrangements should be primarily considered. In this work, a benzimidazole‐based 6FDA (2,2′‐bis(3,4′‐dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride)‐type polyimide (PABZ‐6FDA‐PI) is chosen as precursor to prepare the CMS membrane. Effects of chain flatness and contortion in the polyimide precursor on gas‐separation performance of CMS membranes were studied in detail by gas adsorption and permeation experiment. The H2 permeability of CMS is up to 9500 Barrer and ideal selectivity of gas pairs of H2/CH4 and H2/CO2 is up to 3800 and 13, respectively. The comprehensive performance of hydrogen separation including H2/CO2, H2/N2, and H2/CH4 gas pairs is located well above previously reported upper bounds for polymers.
Synthesis of Dicarboxylic Acids from Aqueous Solutions of Diols with Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex
Authors: Toyooka Genki , Fujita Ken‐ichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Prof. Ken‐ichi Fujita at Kyoto University, Japan. The image shows an ordinary bird that has been transformed into a phoenix, which we metaphorically compare to the conversion of readily available diols to industrially important dicarboxylic acids. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202001052.
A hybrid elephant herding optimization and cultural algorithm for energy‐balanced cluster head selection scheme to extend the lifetime in WSNs
Authors: Murugadass Gopal , Sivakumar Poruran 
Published: July 2020

SummaryClustering‐based optimal cluster head selection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is considered as the efficient technique essential for improving the network lifetime. But enforcing optimal cluster head selection based on energy stabilization, reduced delay, and minimized distance between sensor nodes always remain a crucial challenge for prolonging the network lifetime in WSNs. In this paper, a hybrid elephant herding optimization and cultural algorithm for optimal cluster head selection (HEHO‐CA‐OCHS) scheme is proposed to extend the lifetime. This proposed HEHO‐CA‐OCHS scheme utilizes the merits of belief space framed by the cultural algorithm for defining a separating operator that is potent in constructing new local optimal solutions in the search space. Further, the inclusion of belief space aids in maintaining the balance between an optimal exploitation and exploration process with enhanced search capabilities under optimal cluster head selection. This proposed HEHO‐CA‐OCHS scheme improves the characteristic properties of the algorithm by incorporating separating and clan updating operators for effective selection of cluster head with the view to increase the lifetime of the network. The simulation results of the proposed HEHO‐CA‐OCHS scheme were estimated to be superior in percentage of alive nodes by 11.21%, percentage of dead nodes by 13.84%, residual energy by 16.38%, throughput by 13.94%, and network lifetime by 19.42% compared to the benchmarked cluster head selection schemes.
Eco‐evolutionary dynamics of range expansion
Authors: Miller Tom E. X. , Angert Amy L. , Brown Carissa D. , Lee‐Yaw Julie A. , Lewis Mark , Lutscher Frithjof , Marculis Nathan G. , Melbourne Brett A. , Shaw Allison K. , Szűcs Marianna , Tabares Olivia , Usui Takuji , Weiss‐Lehman Christopher , Williams Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the movement of species’ ranges is a classic ecological problem that takes on urgency in this era of global change. Historically treated as a purely ecological process, range expansion is now understood to involve eco‐evolutionary feedbacks due to spatial genetic structure that emerges as populations spread. We synthesize empirical and theoretical work on the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of range expansion, with emphasis on bridging directional, deterministic processes that favor evolved increases in dispersal and demographic traits with stochastic processes that lead to the random fixation of alleles and traits. We develop a framework for understanding the joint influence of these processes in changing the mean and variance of expansion speed and its underlying traits. Our synthesis of recent laboratory experiments supports the consistent role of evolution in accelerating expansion speed on average, and highlights unexpected diversity in how evolution can influence variability in speed: results not well predicted by current theory. We discuss and evaluate support for three classes of modifiers of eco‐evolutionary range dynamics (landscape context, trait genetics, and biotic interactions), identify emerging themes, and suggest new directions for future work in a field that stands to increase in relevance as populations move in response to global change.
Rationale and design of a risk‐guided strategy for reducing readmissions for acute decompensated heart failure: the Risk‐HF study
Authors: Zisis Georgios , Huynh Quan , Yang Yang , Neil Christopher , Carrington Melinda J. , Ball Jocasta , Maguire Graeme , Marwick Thomas H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) readmission commonly arises owing to insufficient patient knowledge and failure of recognition of the early stages of recurrent fluid congestion. In previous work, we developed a score to predict short‐term hospital readmission and showed that higher‐risk patients benefit most from a disease management programme (DMP) that included enhancing knowledge and education by a nurse. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel, nurse‐led HF DMP in selected patients at high risk of short‐term hospital readmission, using ultrasound‐guided diuretic management and artificial intelligence to enhance HF knowledge in an outpatient setting.Methods and resultsRisk‐HF is a prospective multisite randomized controlled trial that will allocate 404 patients hospitalized with acute decompensated HF, and ≥33% risk of readmission and/or death at 30 days, into risk‐guided nurse intervention (DMP‐Plus group) compared with usual care. Intervention elements include (i) fluid management with a handheld ultrasound (HHU) device at point of care; (ii) post‐discharge follow‐up; (iii) optimal programmed drug titration; (iv) better transition of care; (v) intensive self‐care education via an avatar‐based ‘digital health coach’; and (vi) exercise guidance through the digital coach. Usual care involves standard post‐discharge hospital care. The primary outcome is reduced death and/or hospital readmissions at 30 days post‐discharge, and secondary outcomes include quality of life, fluid management efficacy, and feasibility and patient engagement. Assuming that our intervention will reduce readmissions and/or deaths by 50%, with a 1:1 ratio of intervention vs. usual care, we plan to randomize 404 patients to show a difference at a statistical power of 80%, using a two‐sided alpha of 0.05. We anticipate this recruitment will be achieved by screening 2020 hospitalized HF patients for eligibility. An 8 week pilot programme of our digital health coach in 21 HF patients, age > 75 years, showed overall improvements in quality of life (13 of 21), self‐care (12 of 21), and HF knowledge (13 of 21). A pilot of the use of HHU by nurses showed that it was feasible and accurate.ConclusionsThe Risk‐HF trial will evaluate the effectiveness of a risk‐guided intervention to improve HF outcomes and will evaluate the efficacy of trained HF nurses delivering a fluid management protocol that is guided by lung ultrasound with an HHU at point of care.
Hall and ion‐slip effects on MHD mixed convection flow in a vertical microchannel with asymmetric wall heating
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Malgwi Peter B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, a theoretical analysis is carried out on hydromagnetic mixed convection flow of viscous incompressible and electrically conducting fluid in a vertical microchannel in the existence of Hall current and ion‐slip effects. The walls of the microchannels are preheated and the flow is prompted by the combination of buoyancy forces and pressure gradient. The governing dimensional equations are obtained and reduced to dimensionless form using suitable transformations. The flow equations are solved analytically, and their solutions are obtained in dimensionless form. Some interesting effects of the relevant flow parameters on the flow formation and volume flow rates, in both primary and secondary flow directions, are showed. The results show that, in the presence of Hall current and pressure gradient, the ion‐slip current supports flow formation along the primary flow direction, while destabilizing it along the secondary direction. In addition, it is also highlighted that, in the presence of pressure gradient and buoyancy forces, the ion‐slip current increases the volume flow rate in both primary and secondary flow directions, whereas the Hall current destabilizes the volume flow rate along the primary direction.
Rock‐breaking mechanism and efficiency of straight‐swirling mixed nozzle for the nondiagenetic natural gas hydrate in deep‐sea shallow
Authors: Tang Yang , Sun Peng , Wang Guorong , Fu Biwei , Yao Jiaxin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractJet breaking using a high‐pressure nozzle is one solution for breaking natural gas hydrate (NGH) formations, creating a larger breaking volume and fluidizing broken solid fragments. Based on the analysis of various jet breaking mechanisms for the variation of the flow velocity of the internal and outlet sections of different nozzles, a straight‐swirling mixed nozzle (SSMN) was designed. We obtained different jet breaking effects for a single nozzle, including the influences of the working pressure and target distance on the hole shape, as well as working pressure on hole parameters and target distance on hole parameters. In addition, we analyzed the influences of the nozzle number, type of NGH rock, and construction parameters on the rock‐breaking efficiency and selected the best combination mode of multiple nozzles. The research results of the rock‐breaking mechanism and efficiency of the SSMN promotes the development of commercial mining technology for nondiagenetic NGH in deep‐sea shallow areas.
The application of 1H NMR to explore the taste difference caused by taste‐active metabolites of different Chinese sauce‐stewed beef
Authors: Yang Yi , Wang Ying , Pan Daodong , Zhang Yuyu , He Jun , Xia Qiang , Cao Jinxuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, we developed a method for the quantification of taste‐active metabolites of Chinese commercial sauce‐stewed beef by using 1H NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis. This method was applied to analyze the taste difference which caused by taste‐active metabolites of different Chinese sauce‐stewed beef. Beef samples demonstrated to consist of 25 metabolites, including amino acids, sugars, organic acids, nucleic aides, and their derivatives. PC1 and PC2 explained a total of 85.1 and 13.1% of variables, respectively. Metabolites such as isoleucine, histidine, glutamate, pyroglutamate, sucrose, lactate, creatine, carnitine, and creatinine were kept at a higher levels compared with other metabolites in the four products. Sensory evaluation was also done to help analyze the taste difference. This microcosmic approach of using high‐resolution NMR spectrometry to analyze beef products has rarely been reported. This work established a feasible method to distinguish the taste difference of different Chinese sauce‐stewed beef.
Effect of soy fortification on the quality of Mkarango a traditional Kenyan fermented maize meal snack
Authors: Rapando Prisca Linda , Serrem Charlotte Atsango , Serem Dorcas Jepkorir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aimed at improving the quality and nutrient density of a Kenyan fermented maize meal snack (mkarango) through soy fortification to alleviate protein‐energy malnutrition (PEM) in children. Nine variations of the snack were prepared by replacing 0, 30, and 50% maize with soy and fermenting each for 0, 3, and 5 days at ambient temperature. To establish the physico‐chemical characteristics, the proximate composition, bulk density, water, and oil absorption capacities and titratable acidity were determined. Consumer acceptability was evaluated using a panel of 55 individuals. Fortification of maize with 50% soy increased protein, lipid, and ash content by 256, 284, and 78%, respectively, while carbohydrates reduced by 30%. Fermentation increased lipids and slightly reduced carbohydrate content. Energy ranged from 1,600 to 1641 kJ/100 g. Oil absorption capacity and bulk density reduced with fortification and fermentation while water absorption capacity increased. Fermentation reduced pH by 29 and 31% after days 3 and 5, respectively. There was no significant difference at p ≤ .05 between liking of the fortified snacks and the conventional mkarango, but increase in number of fermentation days reduced the overall acceptance. All fortified snack variations meet more than half the Recommended Daily Allowance for children aged 0.5 to 10 years. Fortification and fermentation improve nutrient density of snacks in terms of proteins, lipids, and ash as well as the functional properties. Preference for all fortified snacks was above average. The soy fortified fermented snack has the potential to alleviate protein‐energy malnutrition in developing countries.
Temporal integration as “common currency” of brain and self‐scale‐free activity in resting‐stateEEGcorrelates with temporal delay effects on self‐relatedness
Authors: Kolvoort Ivar R. , Wainio‐Theberge Soren , Wolff Annemarie , Northoff Georg 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe self is a multifaceted phenomenon that integrates information and experience across multiple time scales. How temporal integration on the psychological level of the self is related to temporal integration on the neuronal level remains unclear. To investigate temporal integration on the psychological level, we modified a well‐established self‐matching paradigm by inserting temporal delays. On the neuronal level, we indexed temporal integration in resting‐state EEG by two related measures of scale‐free dynamics, the power law exponent and autocorrelation window. We hypothesized that the previously established self‐prioritization effect, measured as decreased response times or increased accuracy for self‐related stimuli, would change with the insertion of different temporal delays between the paired stimuli, and that these changes would be related to temporal integration on the neuronal level. We found a significant self‐prioritization effect on accuracy in all conditions with delays, indicating stronger temporal integration of self‐related stimuli. Further, we observed a relationship between temporal integration on psychological and neuronal levels: higher degrees of neuronal integration, that is, higher power‐law exponent and longer autocorrelation window, during resting‐state EEG were related to a stronger increase in the self‐prioritization effect across longer temporal delays. We conclude that temporal integration on the neuronal level serves as a template for temporal integration of the self on the psychological level. Temporal integration can thus be conceived as the “common currency” of neuronal and psychological levels of self.
Tail dependence between oil prices and China's A‐shares: Evidence from firm‐level data
Authors: Fang Sheng , Egan Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch in the area of tail dependence between oil prices and the stock market is sparse, particularly at the firm level. This article investigates lower and upper tail dependences between the price of crude oil and China's A‐share market by estimating an empirical copula with a rolling window. Our results show that tail dependence is increasing over time and that there are differences between lower and upper tail dependences in terms of incremental magnitude. We also find that the impulse responses of tail dependences to shocks to variables of interests vary significantly over the sample period. Our results also indicate that lower tail dependence, in particular, is found to have more than one breakpoint, and the break dates are highly associated with financial crises. In addition, we find evidence of asymmetry in tail dependence, which varies across periods. Finally, we find that tail dependence is persistent in the short‐term but deteriorates as the duration increases. These findings have important implications for investors, risk managers and policy makers.