bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistics of thickness and strength of first-year ice along the Northern Sea Route
Authors: Chai Wei , Leira Bernt J. , Høyland Knut V. , Sinsabvarodom Chana , Yu Zhaolong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, statistics of ice thickness and ice strength of first-year sea ice along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) is studied to provide useful information for the design and operation of Arctic ships. Specifically, ice thickness, ice strength and other physical parameters of the sea ice are estimated. Four representative sites are selected to study the ice environment and ice strength in different sea areas along the NSR during the ice growth season. Besides that, a good knowledge of the co-variation relationships between these ice parameters in a particular region would promote the estimation of ice loads acting on structures located in this region. In this work, a novel probabilistic model is introduced to describe the probability distribution of the ice flexural strength. The co-variation relationships between ice thickness and ice strength are quantified in terms of correlation coefficients. The influence of air temperature on ice properties is also investigated and discussed.
The sum is more than its parts: stability of MnFe oxide nanoparticles supported on oxygen-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes at alternating oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction conditions
Authors: Morales Dulce M. , Kazakova Mariya A. , Purcel Maximilian , Masa Justus , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSuccessful design of reversible oxygen electrocatalysts does not only require to consider their activity towards the oxygen reduction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reactions (OER), but also their electrochemical stability at alternating ORR and OER operating conditions, which is important for potential applications in reversible electrolyzers/fuel cells or metal/air batteries. We show that the combination of catalyst materials containing stable ORR active sites with those containing stable OER active sites may result in a stable ORR/OER catalyst if each of the active components can satisfy the current demand of their respective reaction. We compare the ORR/OER performances of oxides of Mn (stable ORR active sites), Fe (stable OER active sites), and bimetallic Mn0.5Fe0.5 (reversible ORR/OER catalyst) supported on oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Despite the instability of Mn and Fe oxide for the OER and the ORR, respectively, Mn0.5Fe0.5 exhibits high stability for both reactions.
KLEE symbolic execution engine in 2019
Authors: Cadar Cristian , Nowack Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKLEE is a popular dynamic symbolic execution engine, initially designed at Stanford University and now primarily developed and maintained by the Software Reliability Group at Imperial College London. KLEE has a large community spanning both academia and industry, with over 60 contributors on GitHub, over 350 subscribers on its mailing list, and over 80 participants to a recent dedicated workshop. KLEE has been used and extended by groups from many universities and companies in a variety of different areas such as high-coverage test generation, automated debugging, exploit generation, wireless sensor networks, and online gaming, among many others.
Low Self-Esteem and Impairments in Emotion Recognition Predict Behavioural Problems in Children
Authors: Wells Amy E. , Hunnikin Laura M. , Ash Daniel P. , van Goozen Stephanie H. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch indicates that low self-esteem and impaired emotion recognition are risk factors for antisocial behaviour (ASB). Self-esteem and emotion recognition are essential for successful social interaction and previous research suggests that self-esteem and emotional intelligence are positively related. However, to our knowledge the relationship between these two risk factors for ASB has not been explored in children with behavioural problems. Thus, this study investigated self-esteem and emotion recognition, their relationship with one another and with behavioural problem severity. Participants were 8–11 year olds with behavioural problems (BP; n = 78) who were taking part in an early intervention program, and typically developing controls (TD; n = 54). Participants completed a self-esteem questionnaire and a computerised emotion recognition task. Teachers and parents rated children’s emotional and behavioural problems. BP participants had significantly lower self-esteem and exhibited an impairment in emotion recognition. Self-esteem and emotion recognition were positively related and inversely associated with behavioural problem severity and they predicted behaviour problems independently of one another. This is the first study to show that self-esteem and emotion recognition are related processes in children with behavioural problems and that both predict behavioural problems. This has important implications for the development of intervention strategies.
Multiyear phytoremediation and dynamic of foliar metal(loid)s concentration during application of Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu to polluted soil from Bakar, Croatia
Authors: Pidlisnyuk Valentina , Shapoval Pavlo , Zgorelec Željka , Stefanovska Tatyana , Zhukov Oleksandr 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe multiyear cultivation of Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu (M.×giganteus) at the soils polluted by metal(loid)s were researched. The biomass parameters and concentrations of elements: Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, and Mo were determined in the plant’s organs at harvest. The same metal(loid)s were monitored in the plant’s leaves throughout three vegetation seasons. The principal component analysis and general linear model approaches were applied for statistical evaluation followed by Box-Cox transformation. The difference in the distribution of elements in the plant, the content of elements in the soil, various regime of uptake to the plant tissues, and the year of vegetation were analyzed as driving factors of the phytoremediation. The results showed that the leading promoter was the factor of the zone, which was the most essential for Ti, Fe, and Cu and the smallest for Mn. The factor of differences in soil pollution was essential for Zn and Mo, much less for As, Sr, and Mn, limited for Fe, and was not seen for Ti and Cu. The factor of the interrelation effects of the zone and experiment reflected the different regime of uptake for the plant tissues was seen for two elements: more prominent for Cu and smaller for Ti. While analyzing the dynamic of foliar concentrations of the metal(loid)s during 3 years, two groups were defined. Firstly, Fe, Ni, Mn, and Sr showed stable curves with limited distribution of the plant life cycle. Secondly, As, Zn, Cu, and Mo showed different fluctuations in the curves, which can be attributed to essential influence of those elements to the plant life cycle. Further research will be focused on the application of M.×giganteus to the polluted soil in a bigger scale and comparison results of laboratory and field experiments.
Factorization of joint metacommunity diversity into its marginal components: an alternative to the partitioning of trait diversity
Authors: Gregorius Hans-Rolf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDiversity in metacommunities is traditionally viewed to consist of the diversity within communities ($$\alpha$$
α
) that is complemented by the differences between communities ($$\beta$$
β
) so as to result in the total diversity ($$\gamma$$
γ
) of the metacommunity. This perception of the partitioning of diversity, where $$\beta$$
β
is a function of $$\gamma$$
γ
and $$\alpha$$
α
(usually $$\beta =\gamma /\alpha$$

β
=
γ
/
α

with all components specified as effective numbers), has several drawbacks, among which are (1) $$\alpha$$
α
is an average that can be taken over communities in many ways, (2) complete differentiation among communities cannot always be uniquely inferred from $$\alpha$$
α
and $$\gamma$$
γ
, (3) different interpretations of $$\beta$$
β
as effective number of communities (e.g., distinct or monomorphic) are possible, depending on the choice of ideal situations to which the respective effective numbers refer, and (4) associations between types (species, genotypes, etc.) and community affiliations of individuals are not explicitly covered by $$\alpha$$
α
and $$\gamma$$
γ
. Item (4) deserves special regard when quantifying metacommunity diversity. It is argued that this requires consideration of the joint distribution of type-community combinations together with its diversity (joint diversity) and its constituent components: type and community affiliation. The quantification of both components can be affected by their association as realized in the joint distribution. It is shown that under this perception, the joint diversity can be factorized into a leading and an associated component, where the first characterizes the minimum number of communities required to obtain the observed joint diversity given the observed type distribution, and the second specifies the effective number of types represented in the minimally required number of communities. Multiplication of the two yields the joint diversity. Interchanging the roles of community and type, one arrives at the dual factorization with leading minimum number of types and associated effective number of communities. The two dual factorizations are unambiguously defined for all measures of diversity and can be used, for example, to indicate structural characteristics of metacommunities, such as type differentiation among communities and associated type polymorphism. The information gain of the factorization approach is pointed out in comparison with the classical and more recent modified approaches to partitioning total type diversity into diversity within and between communities. The use of factorization in analyses of latent community subdivision is indicated.
Building an ambidextrous organization: a maturity model for organizational ambidexterity
Authors: Stelzl Katharina , Röglinger Maximilian , Wyrtki Katrin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrganizational ambidexterity (OA) is an essential capability for organizations in turbulent environments, as it facilitates the simultaneous pursuit of exploitation and exploration. Over the last years, knowledge on OA has continuously matured, covering outcomes, moderators, and types of OA. However, little is known about how to build an ambidextrous organization in terms of what capabilities are needed and how they can be developed. To address this gap, we developed an organizational ambidexterity maturity model (OAMM) that assists organizations in becoming ambidextrous based on actionable practices (APs) structured according to five capability areas. In developing the OAMM, we conducted a structured literature review to compile APs and used card sorting to assign APs to maturity stages. We evaluated the OAMM based on literature-backed design objectives and discussions with practitioners. We also conducted an initial empirical validation of the APs’ assignment to maturity stages. The OAMM extends the descriptive and prescriptive knowledge on OA by taking a holistic view on OA, by shedding light on the interrelation of different OA types, and by enabling the assessment of an organization’s as-is and to-be OA maturity based on implemented APs.
A heuristics for HTTP traffic identification in measuring user dissimilarity
Authors: Ikuesan Adeyemi R. , Salleh Mazleena , Venter Hein S. , Razak Shukor Abd , Furnell Steven M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of HTTP web traffic on the Internet has long transcended the layer 7 classification, to layers such as layer 5 of the OSI model stack. This coupled with the integration-diversity of other layers and application layer protocols has made identification of user-initiated HTTP web traffic complex, thus increasing user anonymity on the Internet. This study reveals that, with the current complex nature of Internet and HTTP traffic, browser complexity, dynamic web programming structure, the surge in network delay, and unstable user behavior in network interaction, user-initiated requests can be accurately determined. The study utilizes HTTP request method of GET filtering, to develop a heuristic algorithm to identify user-initiated requests. The algorithm was experimentally tested on a group of users, to ascertain the certainty of identifying user-initiated requests. The result demonstrates that user-initiated HTTP requests can be reliably identified with a recall rate at 0.94 and F-measure at 0.969. Additionally, this study extends the paradigm of user identification based on the intrinsic characteristics of users, exhibited in network traffic. The application of these research findings finds relevance in user identification for insider investigation, e-commerce, and e-learning system as well as in network planning and management. Further, the findings from the study are relevant in web usage mining, where user-initiated action comprises the fundamental unit of measurement.
Joint monotone and boolean numerical and spectral radii of d-tuples of operators
Authors: Kula Anna , Wysoczański Janusz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study joint numerical and spectral radii defined ford-tuples of bounded operators on a Hilbert space and related to noncommutative notions of independence. The definitions are in analogy with the ones of Popescu, where his formulations turned out to be related with free creation operators, and in this way related to the free independence of Voiculescu. In our study the definitions are related with either weakly monotone creation operators, and thus associated with the monotone independence of Muraki, or with boolean creation operators, and hence related with the boolean independence.
Towards Culture-Inclusive Criminology in Asia
Authors: Suzuki Masahiro , Pai Chen-Fu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMainstream criminology has been mainly developed in the US and other English-speaking countries. With an expansion of criminology outside the English-speaking world, several scholars have started to cast doubts on the applicability of current mainstream criminology in their regions because it has failed to account for cultural differences. This question has led to a call for an “indigenized” criminology, in which knowledge and discourses are derived from or fixed to align with unique cultural contexts in each region. In this vein, Liu (2009, 2016, 2017a, 2017b) has proposed Asian Criminology. While it has significantly contributed to the development of criminology in Asia, we see two challenges in Liu’s Asian Criminology: lack of consideration for cultural diversity within Asia and its focus on the individualism–collectivism continuum. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to developing criminology in Asia, which we callculture-inclusive criminology. It builds on a premise that Asia consists of a variety of cultural zones, and therefore calls for a shift from the Euro-American view on culture towards an understanding of culture in its context. Its goal is to develop indigenized criminologies in each cultural zone of Asia under an umbrella of culture-inclusive criminology.
A new characterization of the Haagerup property by actions on infinite measure spaces
Authors: DELABIE THIEBOUT , JOLISSAINT PAUL , ZUMBRUNNEN ALEXANDRE 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of the article is to provide a characterization of the Haagerup property for locally compact, second countable groups in terms of actions on $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$-finite measure spaces. It is inspired by the very first definition of amenability, namely the existence of an invariant mean on the algebra of essentially bounded, measurable functions on the group.
Non-surface mass balance of glaciers in Iceland
Authors: Jóhannesson Tómas , Pálmason Bolli , Hjartarson Árni , Jarosch Alexander H. , Magnússon Eyjólfur , Belart Joaquín M. C. , Gudmundsson Magnús Tumi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNon-surface mass balance is non-negligible for glaciers in Iceland. Several Icelandic glaciers are in the neo-volcanic zone where a combination of geothermal activity, volcanic eruptions and geothermal heat flux much higher than the global average lead to basal melting close to 150 mm w.e. a−1for the Mýrdalsjökull ice cap and 75 mm w.e. a−1for the largest ice cap, Vatnajökull. Energy dissipation in the flow of water and ice is also rather large for the high-precipitation, temperate glaciers of Iceland resulting in internal and basal melting of 20–150 mm w.e. a−1. The total non-surface melting of glaciers in Iceland in 1995–2019 was 45–375 mm w.e. a−1on average for the main ice caps, and was largest for Mýrdalsjökull, the south side of Vatnajökull and Eyjafjallajökull. Geothermal melting, volcanic eruptions and the energy dissipation in the flow of water and ice, as well as calving, all contribute, and thus these components should be considered in mass-balance studies. For comparison, the average mass balance of glaciers in Iceland since 1995 is −500 to −1500 mm w.e. a−1. The non-surface mass balance corresponds to a total runoff contribution of 2.1 km3a−1of water from Iceland.
Ensuring safe growth of the geothermal energy sector in the Netherlands by proactively addressing risks and hazards
Authors: Jharap Graciela , van Leeuwen Laura P. , Mout Robert , van der Zee Wouter E. , Roos Femke M. , Muntendam-Bos Annemarie G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to give an overview of the risks seen in the exploration and production of geothermal energy from the viewpoint of the regulator. The risks are categorised as conventional risks, ultra-deep risks and enhancing factors. These risks are similar to those seen in the oil and gas industry, but the maturity of the geothermal sector in terms of managing such risks is much lower.
Another objective of this paper is to discuss how these risks are managed and mitigated by the sector and the supervisor, State Supervision of Mines (SodM). Portfolio operators developing multiple projects, using skilled employees and embracing continuous improvement are seen as the way forward for the sector to grow safely and sustainably.
This paper concludes that positive developments have started, but a lot of work still needs to be done to ensure safe growth of the geothermal energy sector.
Estimates for sums and gaps of eigenvalues of Laplacians on measure spaces
Authors: Deng Da-Wen , Ngai Sze-Man 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor Laplacians defined by measures on a bounded domain in ℝn, we prove analogues of the classical eigenvalue estimates for the standard Laplacian: lower bound of sums of eigenvalues by Li and Yau, and gaps of consecutive eigenvalues by Payne, Pólya and Weinberger. This work is motivated by the study of spectral gaps for Laplacians on fractals.
Role of Policy in Best-Practice Dissemination: Informal Professional Advice Networks in Canadian Long-Term Care
Authors: Keefe Janice M. , Cranley Lisa , Berta Whitney B. , Taylor Deanne , Beacom Amanda M. , McAfee Erin , MacEachern Lauren E. , Boudreau Debra , Hall Jodi , Thompson Genevieve , Squires Janet E. , Wagg Adrian , Estabrooks Carole A. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThis article examines provincial policy influence on long-term care (LTC) professionals’ advice-seeking networks in Canada’s Maritime provinces. The effects of facility ownership, geography, and region-specific political landscapes on LTC best-practice dissemination are examined. We used sociometric statistics and network sociograms, calculated from surveys with 169 senior leaders in LTC facilities, to identify advice-seeking network structures and to select 11 follow-up interview participants. Network structures were distinguished by density, sub-group number, opinion leader, and boundary spanner distribution. Network structure was affected by ownership model in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, and by regional geography in New Brunswick. Political instability within each province’s LTC system negatively affected network actors’ capabilities to enact innovation. Moreover, provincial policy variations influence advice-seeking network structures, facilitating and constraining relationship development and networking. Consequently, local policy context is essential to informing dissemination strategy design or implementation.
Evolution as a Religion: Mary Midgley's Hopes and Fears
Authors: O'Hear Anthony 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper considers Mary Midgley's views on evolution, especially as developed in her book Evolution as a Religion. In this she continues the critical campaign she waged against Dawkins’ notion of the selfish gene, but broadens her attack out to encompass many other thinkers (whom she calls the ‘Omega’ men), who are predicting dramatic and revolutionary futures for humanity, based supposedly on what evolutionary science tells us. Midgley argues that no such conclusions are scientifically warranted – hence evolution as a religion. Her own attempts to absolve Darwin himself from this sort of scientism, and to remove from him any taint of social Darwinism are criticised, particularly by reference to The Descent of Man. Something is then said about Midgley's own alternative view of nature and humanity, a more holistic view, which itself has religious overtones.
The Elusiveness of the Ethical: From Murdoch to Diamond
Authors: Lovibond Sabina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCora Diamond is a powerful witness to the originality of Iris Murdoch's writings on ethics, showing how Murdoch is at variance with contemporary orthodoxy not just in respect of particular doctrines (no ‘ought’ from an ‘is’, etc.), but in her questioning of mainstream assumptions as to what constitutes the subject-matter of moral philosophy. Diamond celebrates Murdoch as an ally in her campaign against the ‘departmental’ conception of morality – the idea that moral thought is just one branch of thought among others – and highlights Murdoch's enduring belief in the ‘ubiquity of the moral quality inherent in consciousness’. In keeping with this belief, both philosophers affirm the value of general humanistic reflection on experience, an enterprise in which traditions of imaginative literature as well as of self-conscious theory can invite us to participate. While welcoming this vindication of the claims of ordinary (existentially embedded) moral intelligence, I will explore some difficulties flowing from the associated idea that ‘morality’ (in the guise of value-saturated human consciousness) is all-pervasive, and from the ‘perpetually-moralist’ account of our incentive to engage with fictional worlds.
Volunteers and Conscripts: Philippa Foot and the Amoralist
Authors: Krishna Nakul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhilippa Foot, like others of her philosophical generation, was much concerned with the status and authority of morality. How universal are its demands, and how dependent on the idiosyncrasies of individuals? In the early years of her career, she was persuaded that Kant and his twentieth-century followers had been wrong to insist on the centrality to morality of absolute and unconditionally binding moral imperatives. To that extent, she wrote, there was indeed ‘an element of deception in the official line about morality’. In this paper, I shall explore her early alternative: a system of merely ‘hypothetical’ imperatives, imperatives that depend on the motivations of particular individuals. Could so contingent a system deserve to be termed a morality? How revisionary a proposal was this, and how serious its costs? And how might we reconcile ourselves to a morality stripped of what she called the ‘fictions’ that surrounded it? Foot's early answer, tentative and exploratory, remains of interest, long after she herself abandoned it.