bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apnoeic oxygenation in paediatric anaesthesia: a narrative review
Authors: Lyons C. , Callaghan M. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryApnoeic oxygenation refers to oxygenation in the absence of any patient or ventilator effort to move the lungs. This phenomenon was first described in humans in the mid‐20th century but has seen renewed interest in the last decade following the demonstration of apnoeic oxygenation with low‐flow, and subsequently high‐flow, nasal oxygen. This narrative review summarises our understanding of apnoeic oxygenation in the paediatric population. We examine the evidence supporting oxygenation via tracheal tube, modified laryngoscopes and nasal cannulae. The evidence for prolongation of safe apnoea time at induction of anaesthesia is also appraised. We explore the capacity for carbon dioxide clearance, flow rate selection with high‐flow nasal oxygen and complications associated with the technique. It remains uncertain whether apnoeic oxygenation in paediatric patients results in a meaningful clinical benefit compared with standard care for outcomes such as the number of tracheal intubation attempts or the incidence of hypoxaemia. In particular, the role of apnoeic oxygenation in paediatric difficult airway management is unclear as this has not been the targeted focus of any published research to date.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in severe osteoarthritis: a crossover comparison of four exercise modalities*
Authors: Roxburgh B. H. , Campbell H. A. , Cotter J. D. , Reymann U. , Williams M. J. A. , Gwynne‐Jones D. , Thomas K. N. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryCardiopulmonary exercise testing is performed increasingly for cardiorespiratory fitness assessment and pre‐operative risk stratification. Lower limb osteoarthritis is a common comorbidity in surgical patients, meaning traditional cycle ergometry‐based cardiopulmonary exercise testing is difficult. The purpose of this study was to compare cardiopulmonary exercise testing variables and subjective responses in four different exercise modalities. In this crossover study, 15 patients with osteoarthritis scheduled for total hip or knee arthroplasty (mean (SD) age 68 (7) years; body mass index 31.4 (4.1) kg.m‐2) completed cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill, elliptical cross‐trainer, cycle and arm ergometer. Mean (SD) peak oxygen consumption was 20‐30% greater on the lower limb modalities (treadmill 21.5 (4.6) (p < 0.001); elliptical cross‐trainer (21.2 (4.1) (p < 0.001); and cycle ergometer (19.4 (4.2) ml.min−1.kg−1 (p = 0.001), respectively) than on the arm ergometer (15.7 (3.7) ml.min‐1.kg‐1). Anaerobic threshold was 25‐50% greater on the lower limb modalities (treadmill 13.5 (3.1) (p < 0.001); elliptical cross‐trainer 14.6 (3.0) (p < 0.001); and cycle ergometer 10.7 (2.9) (p = 0.003)) compared with the arm ergometer (8.4 (1.7) ml.min−1.kg−1). The median (95%CI) difference between pre‐exercise and peak‐exercise pain scores was greater for tests on the treadmill (2.0 (0.0‐5.0) (p = 0.001); elliptical cross‐trainer (3.0 (2.0‐4.0) (p = 0.001); and cycle ergometer (3.0 (1.0‐5.0) (p = 0.001)), compared with the arm ergometer (0.0 (0.0‐1.0) (p = 0.406)). Despite greater peak exercise pain, cardiopulmonary exercise testing modalities utilising the lower limbs affected by osteoarthritis elicited higher peak oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold values compared with arm ergometry.
The usefulness of non‐invasive co‐oximetry haemoglobin measurement for screening pre‐operative anaemia
Authors: Ke Y. H. , Hwang K. Y. , Thin T. N. , Sim Y. E. , Abdullah H. R. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryPre‐operative anaemia (haemoglobin < 13.0 g.dl−1) is a modifiable peri‐operative risk‐factor. This is screened for using formal laboratory testing. A non‐invasive finger‐probe sensor that can accurately measure haemoglobin is a possible alternative. This study considers the accuracy of non‐invasive haemoglobin measurement using the Rad‐67™ Rainbow (Masimo Corp., Irvine, CA, USA) compared with formal laboratory testing and its usefulness in detecting pre‐operative anaemia. A total of 392 patients had measurements taken for non‐invasive haemoglobin and perfusion index values using the Rad‐67 Rainbow, alongside further peri‐operative parameters and a formal laboratory haemoglobin test. Bland–Altman and sensitivity analysis showed that the limits of agreement between non‐invasive and formal laboratory haemoglobin testing were between −1.95 g.dl−1 and 2.23 g.dl−1 (p < 0.001). The overall performance of non‐invasive haemoglobin measurement was better in men than women (ROC 91.1% vs. 78.2%) and less biased in men, mean −0.08 (SD 1.09, 95%Cl −0.23–0.07) compared with women (mean 0.38 (SD 0.99, 95%CI 0.24–0.52)). Pre‐operative anaemia was more prevalent in women than men (50.3% vs. 14.4%). The sensitivity of non‐invasive anaemia detection (haemoglobin < 13 g.dl−1) was 66% for women and 52% for men. A non‐invasive haemoglobin value of 14.0 g.dl−1 had an overall 91% sensitivity for detecting pre‐operative anaemia (82% in men and 93% in women). The Rad‐67 Rainbow is inadequate for the estimation of formal laboratory haemoglobin and lacks sensitivity for detecting pre‐operative anaemia, especially in women. Further advancement in technology and accuracy is needed before it can be recommended as a routine pre‐operative screening test.
Electrocardiographic characteristics of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias based on anatomy
Authors: Xiong Yulong , Zhu Hongling 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIdiopathic ventricular arrhythmia (IVA) is a term used to describe a spectrum of ventricular arrhythmia without structural heart disease (SHD). IVAs contain premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), nonsustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT), and sustained VT. Electrocardiography is a fundamental and important tool to diagnose and localize IVAs. More detailed, IVAs originating from different origins exhibit characterized ECGs due to their specific anatomic backgrounds. As catheter ablation becomes widely used to eliminate these arrhythmias, its high success rate is based on accurate localization of their origins. Therefore, these ECG characteristics show great importance for precise localization of their origins and subsequently successful ablation. This review aims to sum up ECG characteristics of IVAs based on anatomy and give brief introduction of mechanisms and treatment of IVAs.
Worst lead ST deviation and resolution of ST elevation at one hour for prediction of myocardial salvage, infarct size, and microvascular obstruction in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Stensjøen Anne Line , Hommerstad Anders , Halvorsen Sigrun , Arheden Håkan , Engblom Henrik , Erlinge David , Larsen Alf‐Inge , Sejersten Ripa Maria , Clemmensen Peter , Atar Dan , Hall Trygve S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundECG changes after revascularization predicts improved outcome for patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Worst lead residual (WLR) ST deviation and resolution of worst lead ST elevation (rST elevation) are simple measures that can be obtained early after PCI. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether simple ECG measures, obtained one hour following PCI, could predict cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)‐derived myocardial salvage index (MSI), infarct size (IS), and microvascular obstruction (MVO) in patients with STEMI included in the MITOCARE trial.MethodsThe MITOCARE trial included 165 patients with a first‐time STEMI presenting within six hours of symptom onset. The current analysis included patients that had an ECG recorded at baseline and one hour after PCI and underwent CMR imaging after 3–5 days. Independent core laboratories determined WLR ST deviation, rST elevation, and the CMR variables (MSI, IS, and MVO).Results83 patients with a mean age of 61 years were included. 83.1% were males and 41% had anterior infarctions. In logistic regression models, WLR ST deviation was a statistically significant predictor of IS (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3–3.8) and MVO (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.5–5.2), but not of MSI (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.5–1.2). rST elevation showed a trend toward a significant association with IS (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–1.0), but not with the other CMR variables.ConclusionWLR ST deviation one hour after PCI was a predictor of IS and MVO. WLR ST deviation, a measure easily obtained from ECGs following PCI, may provide important prognostic information in patients with STEMI.
Predicting survival in non‐functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Tan Qing‐Quan , Wang Xing , Yang Le , Chen Yong‐Hua , Tan Chun‐Lu , Ke Neng‐Wen , Liu Xu‐Bao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundOwing to the limited prevalence and heterogeneity, it is difficult to predict long‐term survival of non‐functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NF‐PNETs).This study aimed to evaluate the factors predicting disease‐specific survival (DSS) for well‐differentiated NF‐PNETs.MethodsData were collected retrospectively from 256 patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours who underwent surgical resection between January 2009 and December at our institution. Of these, 103 NF‐PNETs (40%) were identified for analysis.ResultsOf the 103 patients, 54 were male (52%) and the mean age was 52 years (range 21–75 years). Most patients (60/103, 58%) in our series were symptomatic. Seventeen patients (16%) died during follow‐up, with a median period of 47 months. There were 88 patients with well‐differentiated tumours and 10 of them (10/88, 11%) died of tumour progression. Median DSS after primary resection was 58.8 months (range 16–122 months). Multivariate analysis identified age >52 years (P = 0.038) and tumour grade G2 (P = 0.001) as statistically significant predictors of DSS. There was no association between gender, tumour size, symptoms, surgical procedure, severe complications, tumour location, tumour size, resection margin, positive lymph nodes and vascular invasion with DSS.ConclusionTumour grade, age, presence of symptoms and distant metastasis were related to poor DSS of NF‐PNETs. Age >52 years and tumour grade G2 might be independent predictors of poor DSS for patients with well‐differentiated NF‐PNETs.
Promoting attachment between parents and neonates despite the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tscherning Charlotte , Sizun Jacques , Kuhn Pierre 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSocial distancing is the only option available during the COVID‐19 pandemic until a vaccine is developed. However, this is having a major impact on human relationships and bonding between parents and neonates is a major concern. Separation during this health emergency could have lifelong consequences for offspring, and there are even greater concerns if newborn infants are sick or vulnerable and need intensive care. We look at how bonding can be safely supported and maintained without risking infecting neonates, by comparing the international guidelines and proposing safe actions within those frameworks.
The problem is the solution: Can permaculture management regenerate social economy enterprises?
Authors: Lapoutte Alexandrine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe consider the degeneration of social economy enterprises (SEEs) and develop a thesis that SEE regeneration may be inspired by living systems. Within the paradigm of living organizations, we propose an approach inspired by permaculture. This study's purpose is to understand how SEEs might apply permaculture principles for their regeneration. We identify the main degeneration issues in SEEs. We then present the permaculture approach through its theoretical background, application to living organizations, and core design principles. Finally, we show how permaculture relates to management models appropriate for alternative organizations, and we underline specific links with degeneration issues in SEEs. We make a theoretical contribution by binding two distinct conversations: permaculture management and SEE degeneration. This work also provides an original framework for future empirical research.
Editorial: gut microbiota profile in patients with autoimmune hepatitis—a clue for adjunctive probiotic therapy?
Authors: Granito Alessandro , Muratori Paolo , Muratori Luigi 
Published: June 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Liwinski et al and Liwinski and Shcramm papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15754 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15819.
Editorial: no man’s oesophagus is an island
Authors: Ravi Karthik , Katzka David A. 
Published: June 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Moosavi et al and Liwinski and Shcramm papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15758 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15831.
Letter: bone fracture risk among older long‐term users of proton pump inhibitors. Authors’ reply
Authors: Schnoll‐Sussman Felice , Katz Philip O. 
Published: June 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Ghosh et al and Sugiyama papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15522 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15763.
Editorial: transperineal ultrasound in addition to a transabdominal ultrasound in ulcerative colitis—one more arrow in the quiver of non‐invasive diagnostics
Authors: Deepak Parakkal , Itani Malak 
Published: June 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Sagami et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15767 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15871.
Editorial: diagnostic precision of iron deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease. Authors’ reply
Authors: Daude Sébastien , Gastin Isabelle , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent 
Published: June 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Daude et al and Detlie and Jahnsen papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15739 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15809.
The effects of vilaprisan on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a combined oral contraceptive—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schultze‐Mosgau Marcus‐Hillert , Schütt Barbara , Draeger Corinna , Casjens Manuela , Loewen Stephanie , Zimmermann Torsten , Rohde Beate 
Published: June 2020

AimsThe primary objective was to explore whether the suppression of ovarian activity induced by a combined oral contraceptive (COC) is influenced by the simultaneous intake of the selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) vilaprisan (VPR).MethodsIn this exploratory randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group study, 71 healthy premenopausal women were randomized (1:1) to receive either 2 mg/d VPR or placebo for 3 months. Concomitantly, a COC (0.15 mg levonorgestrel, 0.03 mg ethinyloestradiol) was administered in a cyclic regimen. Ovarian activity (Hoogland score based on follicle size and hormone concentrations), cervical function (Insler score), bleeding pattern and endometrial thickness/histology were assessed before treatment, in treatment cycle 3 and during follow‐up.ResultsThe known COC‐driven suppression of ovarian activity was mildly affected by VPR. COC+VPR group: 22, 0 and 6% of the subjects had Hoogland scores of 4 (active follicle‐like structures), 5 or 6 (ovulation). COC+placebo group: 14% of the subjects had a score of 4 and none a score of 5 or 6 (Bayesian analysis for Hoogland score = 4, median difference in response rate: 7.5%; 90% credible interval [−8.5; 23.5%]). COC effects on cervical function were moderately affected (mucus more sperm permeable under COC+VPR). COC withdrawal bleeding, in contrast, was absent in 81% of the subjects receiving COC+VPR vs 0% receiving COC+placebo.ConclusionThe SPRM VPR interfered with the pharmacodynamic effects of the COC. Therefore, full contraceptive effectiveness cannot be assumed without final judgement by a Pearl index study. Women on SPRMs should be advised to use nonhormonal contraception methods.
Novel enhanced GFP‐positive congenic inbred strain establishment and application of tumor‐bearing nude mouse model
Authors: Lan Qing , Chen Yanming , Dai Chungang , Li Shenggang , Fei Xifeng , Dong Jun , Shen Yanhua , Dai Xingliang , Lu Zhaohui , Liu Bing , Wang Qilong , Wang Haiyang , Zhou Zhengyu , Ji Xiaoyan , Wang Zhimin , Huang Qiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTransgenic GFP gene mice are widely used. Given the unique advantages of immunodeficient animals in the field of oncology research, we aim to establish a nude mouse inbred strain that stably expresses enhanced GFP (EGFP) for use in transplanted tumor microenvironment (TME) research. Female C57BL/6‐Tg(CAG‐EGFP) mice were backcrossed with male BALB/c nude mice for 11 generations. The genotype and phenotype of novel inbred strain Foxn1nu.B6‐Tg(CAG‐EGFP) were identified by biochemical loci detection, skin transplantation and flow cytometry. PCR and fluorescence spectrophotometry were performed to evaluate the relative expression of EGFP in different parts of the brain. Red fluorescence protein (RFP) gene was stably transfected into human glioma stem cells (GSC), SU3, which were then transplanted intracerebrally or ectopically into Foxn1nu.B6‐Tg(CAG‐EGFP) mice. Cell co–expression of EGFP and RFP in transplanted tissues was further analyzed with the Live Cell Imaging System (Cell’R, Olympus) and FISH. The inbred strain Foxn1nu.B6‐Tg(CAG‐EGFP) shows different levels of EGFP expression in brain tissue. The hematological and immune cells of the inbred strain mice were close to those of nude mice. EGFP was stably expressed in multiple sites of Foxn1nu.B6‐Tg(CAG‐EGFP) mice, including brain tissue. With the dual‐fluorescence tracing transplanted tumor model, we found that SU3 induced host cell malignant transformation in TME, and tumor/host cell fusion. In conclusion, EGFP is differentially and widely expressed in brain tissue of Foxn1nu.B6‐Tg(CAG‐EGFP), which is an ideal model for TME investigation. With Foxn1nu.B6‐Tg(CAG‐EGFP) mice, our research demonstrated that host cell malignant transformation and tumor/host cell fusion play an important role in tumor progression.
Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures as drug delivery and bioimaging platforms in cancer therapy
Authors: Duangrat Ratchanee , Udomprasert Anuttara , Kangsamaksin Thaned 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStructural DNA nanotechnology enables DNA to be used as nanomaterials for novel nanostructure construction with unprecedented functionalities. Artificial DNA nanostructures can be designed and generated with precisely controlled features, resulting in its utility in bionanotechnological and biomedical applications. A tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN), the most popular DNA nanostructure, with high stability and simple synthesis procedure, is a promising candidate as nanocarriers in drug delivery and bioimaging platforms, particularly in precision medicine as well as diagnosis for cancer therapy. Recent evidence collectively indicated that TDN successfully enhanced cancer therapeutic efficiency both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we summarize the development of TDN and highlight various aspects of TDN applications in cancer therapy based on previous reports, including anticancer drug loading, photodynamic therapy, therapeutic oligonucleotides, bioimaging platforms, and other molecules and discuss a perspective in opportunities and challenges for future TDN‐based nanomedicine.
Novel cucurmosin‐based immunotoxin targeting programmed cell death 1‐ligand 1 with high potency against human tumor in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Caiyun , Xiong Jiani , Lan Yinxiang , Wu Jingyu , Wang Chengyan , Huang Zhihong , Lin Jizhen , Xie Jieming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractImmunotoxins are Ab‐cytotoxin chimeric molecules with mighty cytotoxicity. Programmed cell death 1‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), is a transmembrane protein expressed mainly in inflammatory tumor tissues and plays a pivotal role in immune escape and tumor progression. Although PD‐L1 immune checkpoint therapy has been successful in some cases, many patients have not benefited enough due to primary/secondary resistance. In order to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of anti‐PD‐L1 mAb, we used durvalumab as the payload and CUS245C, a type I ribosome‐inactivating protein isolated from Cucurbita moschata, as the toxin moiety, to construct PD‐L1‐specific immunotoxin (named D‐CUS245C) through the engineered cysteine residue. In vitro, D‐CUS245C selectively killed PD‐L1+ tumor cells. In vivo studies also showed that D‐CUS245C had obvious antitumor effect on PD‐L1+ human xenograft tumors in nude mice. In conclusion, in the combination of the toxin with mAb, this study developed a new immunotoxin targeting PD‐L1, emphasizing a novel and promising treatment strategy and providing a valuable way to optimize cancer immunotherapy.
Serum exosomal microRNA‐766‐3p expression is associated with poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Shuang , Lin Zheng , Zheng Zerong , Rao Wenqing , Lin Yulan , Chen Huilin , Xie QianWen , Chen Yuanmei , Hu Zhijian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim was to analyze the association between exosomal microRNA (miR)‐766‐3p expression levels in serum and the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The serum global exosomal miRNA expression of ESCC patients was measured by microRNA microarray. Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to analyze the expression levels of candidate miRNAs in both serum and tissues from ESCC patients. Wilcoxon tests were applied to evaluate clinical characteristics and their association with serum levels of exosomal miR‐766‐3p. A Cox regression model was used to identify prognostic factors. The effects of miR‐766‐3p expression on cell migration and invasion were examined using Transwell assays, and CCK‐8 assays were carried out to measure cell proliferation. The TNM stage was associated with high serum exosomal miR‐766‐3p levels of ESCC patients (P = .030). Higher serum exosomal miR‐766‐3p expression levels were associated with poor prognosis (for overall survival, hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval (CI)], 2.21 [1.00, 4.87]; for disease‐free survival, HR [95% CI], 2.15 [1.01, 4.59]). However, we found no association between the expression of miR‐766‐3p in tissue and ESCC prognosis. In vitro results showed that miR‐766‐3p promotes cell migration and invasion, but not cell proliferation. By using dual‐luciferase reporter assay, HOXA13 was confirmed as a direct target gene of miR‐766‐3p. The ESCC patients with highly expressed serum exosomal miR‐766‐3p had a significantly worse survival. Therefore, serum exosomal miR‐766‐3p could serve as a prognostic marker for the assessment of ESCC.
Novel β‐carboline‐based indole‐4,7‐quinone derivatives as NAD(P)H: Quinone‐oxidoreductase‐1 inhibitor with potent antitumor activities by inducing reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and DNA damage
Authors: Guo Yibing , Xu Liancheng , Ling Changchun , Yang Tao , Zheng Wenjie , Lv Jin , Guo Qingsong , Chen Bohua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEighteen new β‐carboline‐based indole‐4,7‐quinone derivatives (12a–i and 13a–i) were designed and synthesized, and their in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activities were studied. Most of target compounds showed strong inhibition on three human tumor cells' proliferation. In particular, the most active compound 13g not only displayed more prominent antiproliferative activities than β‐lapachone, a clinical antitumor candidate, but also exerted significant NAD(P)H: quinone‐oxidoreductase‐1 (NQO1) inhibitory activity and NQO1‐dependent cytotoxicity in HT29 cells. Furthermore, 13g dose‐dependently induced high ROS levels in HT29 cells, and selectively inhibited cancer cell but not non‐tumor colon cell proliferation in vitro. Importantly, 13g promoted HT29 cell apoptosis and DNA damage by regulating relative apoptotic proteins and H2AX expression. Finally, 13g displayed significant growth inhibition of HT29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma xenograft in mice without overt toxicity.