bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of solar flat‐plate collector performance by optimum tilt angle and minimizing top heat loss coefficient using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Pourfayaz Fathollah , Shirmohammadi Reza , Maleki Akbar , Kasaeian Alibakhsh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the efficient amounts of radiation received by a flat‐plate collector and top heat loss coefficient along with affecting parameters are investigated using measured data in different climates of Iran. Coded program in MATLAB software is then distributed to calculate the optimum tilt angle for extracting the highest solar radiation in different months of the year for five cities of Iran with different geographic latitudes. An optimal annual slope is obtained for maximum utilization and for conditions where the collector can only be adjusted at an angle during the year. Using an interpolation, an equation has been derived for obtaining the optimal tilt angle of collector for areas with latitude between 27° and 37°. Inasmuch as the top heat loss coefficient is required for evaluating the thermal performance of solar collectors, the value for different temperatures is obtained at ambient temperature up to 200°C for the absorber plate. Effects of key parameters such as collector slope, number of covers, wind speed, emittance coefficient of adsorption plate, and cover spacing on top heat loss coefficient are investigated. In the end, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is employed to minimize the top heat loss coefficient. The minimum amount of top heat loss coefficient is obtained with the amount of 0.99 W/m2K.
Metabolic changes in human brain evolution
Authors: Bauernfeind Amy L. , Babbitt Courtney C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBecause the human brain is considerably larger than those of other primates, it is not surprising that its energy requirements would far exceed that of any of the species within the order. Recently, the development of stem cell technologies and single‐cell transcriptomics provides novel ways to address the question of what specific genomic changes underlie the human brain's unique phenotype. In this review, we consider what is currently known about human brain metabolism using a variety of methods from brain imaging and stereology to transcriptomics. Next, we examine novel opportunities that stem cell technologies and single‐cell transcriptomics provide to further our knowledge of human brain energetics. These new experimental approaches provide the ability to elucidate the functional effects of changes in genetic sequence and expression levels that potentially had a profound impact on the evolution of the human brain.
Partitioning heritability analyses unveil the genetic architecture of human brain multidimensional functional connectivity patterns
Authors: Feng Junjiao , Chen Chunhui , Cai Ying , Ye Zhifang , Feng Kanyin , Liu Jing , Zhang Liang , Yang Qinghao , Li Anqi , Sheng Jintao , Zhu Bi , Yu Zhaoxia , Chen Chuansheng , Dong Qi , Xue Gui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResting‐state functional connectivity profiles have been increasingly shown to be important endophenotypes that are tightly linked to human cognitive functions and psychiatric diseases, yet the genetic architecture of this multidimensional trait is barely understood. Using a unique sample of 1,704 unrelated, young and healthy Chinese Han individuals, we revealed a significant heritability of functional connectivity patterns in the whole brain and several subnetworks. We further proposed a partitioned heritability analysis for multidimensional functional connectivity patterns, which revealed the common and unique enrichment patterns of the genetic contributions to brain connectivity patterns for several gene sets linked to brain functions, including the genes expressed preferentially in the central nervous system and those associated with intelligence, educational attainment, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. These results for the first time reveal the genetic architecture of multidimensional brain connectivity patterns across different networks and advance our understanding of the complex relationship between gene sets, neural networks, and behaviors.
Patient safety attitudes among critical care nurses: A case study in North Cyprus
Authors: Al‐Mugheed Khalid , Bayraktar Nurhan 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIntroductionPatient safety has become a crucial priority in quality healthcare. Adverse events and serious errors involving critically ill patients are common and can be potentially life‐threatening. Thus, this study aimed to examine patient safety attitudes among critical care nurses.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in two hospitals in North Cyprus. Eighty nurses working in critical care units participated in the study. Following ethical approval, data were collected between September and October 2018, using the Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire and Safety Attitudes Questionnaire.FindingsNurses' overall scores regarding patient safety attitudes were found to be negative. The highest positive rate was for safety climate, followed by perception of management, teamwork, working conditions, job satisfaction, and stress recognition, respectively. There were significant differences among working conditions, perception of management, and stress recognition based on participants' positions and event reporting.ConclusionOur findings indicate safety culture needs to be improved in the hospitals included in the study. Healthcare managers and decision‐makers should foster patient safety culture through in‐service education, management support, institutional regulations, and updated guidelines.
Low‐dose aspirin and risk of gastric and oesophageal cancer: A population‐based study in the United Kingdom using The Health Improvement Network
Authors: García Rodríguez Luis A. , Soriano‐Gabarró Montse , Vora Pareen , Cea Soriano Lucía 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is increasing interest regarding potential protective effects of low‐dose aspirin against various gastrointestinal cancers. We aimed to quantify the association between use of low‐dose aspirin and risk of gastric/oesophageal cancer using a population‐based primary care database in the UK. Between January 2005 and December 2015, we identified a cohort of 223 640 new users of low‐dose aspirin (75‐300 mg/day) and a matched cohort of nonusers at the start of follow‐up from The Health Improvement Network. Cohorts were followed to identify incident cases of gastric/oesophageal cancer. Nested case‐control analyses were conducted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for current vs nonuse of low‐dose aspirin using logistic regression. Current use was defined as when low‐dose aspirin lasted 0 to 90 days before the index date (event date for cases, random date for controls) and previous duration was ≥1 year. We identified 727 incident cases of gastric cancer and 1394 incident cases of oesophageal cancer. ORs (95% CIs) were 0.46 (0.38‐0.57) for gastric cancer and 0.59 (0.51‐0.69) for oesophageal cancer. The effect remained consistent with no clear change seen between previous duration of low‐dose aspirin use of 1‐3, 3‐5 or >5 years. The reduced risks was seen with 75 mg/day, and effects were consistent in lag‐time analyses. In conclusion, our results indicate that use of low‐dose aspirin is associated with a 54% reduced risk of gastric cancer and a 41% reduced risk of oesophageal cancer as supported by mechanistic data.
A systematic scoping review of COVID‐19 during pregnancy and childbirth
Authors: Elshafeey Farida , Magdi Rana , Hindi Nader , Elshebiny Mohamed , Farrag Nourhan , Mahdy Shahd , Sabbour Mohamed , Gebril Sara , Nasser Mohamed , Kamel Menna , Amir Abdelrahman , Maher Emara Moataz , Nabhan Ashraf 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical presentation and outcomes of COVID‐19 infection during pregnancy remain limited and fragmented.ObjectivesTo summarize the existing literature on COVID‐19 infection during pregnancy and childbirth, particularly concerning clinical presentation and outcomes.Search strategyA systematic search of LitCovid, EBSCO MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases. The references of relevant studies were also searched.Selection criteriaIdentified titles and abstracts were screened to select original reports and cross‐checked for overlap of cases.Data collection and analysisA descriptive summary organized by aspects of clinical presentations (symptoms, imaging, and laboratory) and outcomes (maternal and perinatal).Main resultsWe identified 33 studies reporting 385 pregnant women with COVID‐19 infection: 368 (95.6%) mild; 14 (3.6%) severe; and 3 (0.8%) critical. Seventeen women were admitted to intensive care, including six who were mechanically ventilated and one maternal mortality. A total of 252 women gave birth, comprising 175 (69.4%) cesarean and 77 (30.6%) vaginal births. Outcomes for 256 newborns included four RT‐PCR positive neonates, two stillbirths, and one neonatal death.ConclusionCOVID‐19 infection during pregnancy probably has a clinical presentation and severity resembling that in non‐pregnant adults. It is probably not associated with poor maternal or perinatal outcomes.
Optimization of irrigation and fertilization of drip‐irrigated corn in the chernozem area of north‐east China based on the CERES‐Maize model
Authors: Fu Chunxiao , Wang Jiandong , Gong Shihong , Zhang Yanqun , Wang Chuanjuan , Mo Yan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo improve water and nitrogen utilization efficiency, and reduce nitrogen leaching in the chernozem area of north‐east China, field trial data and the CERES‐Maize model were used to optimize irrigation and fertilization management of drip‐irrigated corn. In this study field trial data for drip‐irrigated corn from 2014 and 2015 were used to calibrate and validate the CERES‐Maize model. Results show that yield and nitrogen leaching declined with decrease in the nitrogen fertilizer amount applied. Compared with the traditional nitrogen fertilizer amount applied in the study area (330 kg ha¯¹), yield was decreased with nitrogen fertilizer amounts of ≤170 kg ha¯¹, and nitrogen leaching was decreased with nitrogen fertilizer amounts of ≤240 kg ha¯¹. Yield was decreased in the absence of or reduced topdressing at the jointing stage, and nitrogen leaching was increased by topdressing at the jointing stage. Based on the results of simulations, it is suggested that drip‐irrigated corn in the chernozem area should be irrigated three or four times during the entire growth period. A total nitrogen fertilizer amount of 240 or 230 kg ha¯¹, and topdressing ratios at the jointing, tasseling and grain‐filling stages of 2/5–0‐3/5 or 1/3–1/3–1/3 were recommended. Eight optimal irrigation and fertilization schedules were identified. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Melatonin: An atypical hormone with major functions in the regulation of angiogenesis
Authors: Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari Mohammad , Reiter Russel J. , Rikhtegar Reza , Jalili Javad , Hajalioghli Parisa , Mihanfar Ainaz , Majidinia Maryam , Yousefi Bahman 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMelatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine), a pleotropic molecule with a wide distribution, has received considerable attention in recent years, mostly because of its various major effects on tissues or cells since it has both receptor‐dependent and receptor‐independent actions over a wide range of concentrations. These biological and physiological functions of melatonin include regulation of circadian rhythms by modulating the expression of core oscillator genes, scavenging the reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, modulating the immune system and inflammatory response, and exerting cytoprotective and antiapoptotic effects. Given the multiple critical roles of melatonin, dysregulation of its production or any disruption in signaling through its receptors may have contributed in the development of a wide range of disorders including type 2 diabetes, aging, immune‐mediated diseases, hypertension, and cancer. Herein, we focus on the modulatory effects of melatonin on angiogenesis and its implications as a therapeutic strategy in cancer and related diseases.
Functional Characterization of PHEX Gene Variants in Children With X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets Shows No Evidence of Genotype–Phenotype Correlation
Authors: Zheng Bixia , Wang Chunli , Chen Qiuxia , Che Ruochen , Sha Yugen , Zhao Fei , Ding Guixia , Zhou Wei , Jia Zhanjun , Huang Songming , Chen Ying , Zhang Aihua 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLHR) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked (PHEX) gene. Considerable controversy exists regarding genotype–phenotype correlations in XLHR. The present study describes the clinical features and molecular genetic bases of 53 pediatric patients with XLHR. Overall, 47 different mutations were identified, of which 27 were not previously described in the literature or entered in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD). A high prevalence (72.34%) of truncating variants was observed in XLHR patients. The clinical presentation and severity of XLHR did not show an evident correlation between the truncating and non-truncating mutation types in our cohort. To further delineate the characteristics of PHEX variants underlying this nonsignificant trend, we assessed the effects of 10 PHEX variants on protein expression, cellular trafficking, and endopeptidase activity. Our results showed that the nonsense mutations p.Arg567*, p.Gln714*, and p.Arg747* caused a reduction of protein molecular weight and a trafficking defect. Among seven non-truncating mutations, the p.Cys77Tyr, p.Cys85Ser, p.Ile281Lys, p.Ile333del, p.Ala514Pro, and p.Gly572Ser mutants were not secreted into the medium and remained trapped inside cells in an immature form, whereas the p.Gly553Glu mutant was terminally glycosylated and secreted into the medium. We further assessed the endopeptidase activity of the p.Gly553Glu mutant using a quenched fluorogenic peptide substrate and revealed that the activity of p.Gly553Glu significantly reduced to 13% compared with the wild type, which indicated disruption of catalytic function. These data not only support the clinical results showing no correlation between disease severity and the type of PHEX mutation but also provide helpful molecular insights into the pathogenesis of XLHR. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A long non‐coding RNA OLBC15 promotes triple‐negative breast cancer progression via enhancing ZNF326 degradation
Authors: Deng Chao , Zhang Bojuan , Zhang Yao , Xu Xiaogang , Xiong Deming , Chen Xiaoyan , Wu Jiaojiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been involved in various processes, including cancer. However, the function of many lncRNAs is still elusive in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC).MethodsLncRNA profiling was used to screen for novel lncRNAs related to TNBC. OLBC15 expression was measured via qRT‐PCR. In vitro migration and viability assays were conducted to determine the oncogenic role of OLBC15. Xenograft and metastatic models were performed to further investigate effects in vivo. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), mass spectrometry (MS), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) strategies were designed to identify the interaction between ZNF326 and OLBC15.ResultsIn the current study, we have identified a novel oncogenic lncRNA termed OLBC15 via lncRNA profiling. OLBC15 is highly expressed especially in triple‐negative breast cancer. OLBC15 promoted viability and migration in breast cancer cells. Moreover, OLBC15 could accelerate metastasis and xenograft tumor growth. Mechanistic study suggested that OLBC15 could bind a well‐characterized tumor suppressor ZNF326 and OLBC15‐ZNF326 interaction resulted in ZNF326 destabilization. OLBC15 induced proteasomal ZNF326 degradation through enhanced ubiquitination. OLBC15 and ZNF326 protein expression is also negatively correlated in clinical specimens.ConclusionsCollectively, OLBC15 may serve as an oncogenic lncRNA to facilitate TNBC progression and a putative target for therapeutic anti‐breast cancer intervention.
Point‐of‐care HIV maternal viral load and early infant diagnosis testing around time of delivery at tertiary obstetric units in South Africa: a prospective study of coverage, results return and turn‐around times
Authors: Kufa Tendesayi , Mazanderani Ahmad H , Sherman Gayle G , Mukendi Aurélie , Murray Tanya , Moyo Faith , Technau Karl‐Günter , Carmona Sergio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionMaternal viral load monitoring (mVL) and early infant diagnosis (EID) are necessary to achieve elimination of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV. Point‐of‐care testing can achieve better outcomes compared to centralized laboratory testing (CLT). We describe the first implementation of point‐of‐care (POC) mVL and EID testing around delivery at four high volume tertiary obstetric units (TOUs) in Gauteng, South Africa.MethodsProspective study of pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) and their infants. During the period 1 June 2018 to 31 March 2019, routine staff collected blood specimens from women and their infants around delivery. Specimen collection occurred throughout the week while dedicated POC operators, conducted testing during working hours on weekdays. Descriptive statistics and multivariable Poisson regression with robust error variance were used to describe outcomes and associated factors. Outcomes determined were (i) coverage of mVL and EID testing defined as a proportion of live births to WLHIV admitted at each facility (ii) results returned prior to discharge (iii) turn‐around time (TAT) and iv) performance of POC testing compared to CLT.ResultsIn total, 8147 live births to pregnant WLHIV were recorded in the implementation period. Of these, 2912 mVL and 5074 EID specimens were included in the analysis, with 131 (4.5%) mVL and 715 (14.1%) EID specimens having initial invalid/error results. Overall coverage of POC mVL and EID testing was 35.6% (range 20.9% to 60.1%) and 61.9% (range 47.0% to 88.0%) respectively. Proportions of POC tested mothers and infants with results returned prior to discharge were 74.3% (range 39.0% to 95.7%) and 73.0% (range 50.0 to 97.9%). Return of results was independently associated with TOU, after‐hours specimen collection, having an initial invalid or error result and period of implementation. Overall TAT for specimens collected from mother‐infant pairs where both had POC testing, during weekdays was longer for EID compared to mVL testing (median 3.3 hours vs. 2.9 hours, p‐value sign test <0.001). POC results were comparable to those from laboratory testing.ConclusionAccurate and timely POC mVL and EID testing around delivery was implemented with variable success across TOUs. Further scale up would need to address health system factors at facility level and high analytical error rates.
Development and application of a solid‐phase microextraction gas cromatography mass spectrometry method for analysing volatile organic compounds produced during cooking
Authors: Scortichini Serena , Boarelli Maria Chiara , Castello Mauro , Chiavarini Francesco , Gabrielli Serena , Marcantoni Enrico , Fiorini Dennis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the last decades, there is more awareness on the impact on human health of pollutants emitted during cooking processes, both from commercial and from domestic activities. In this study, a new method exploiting solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC–MS) was developed to analyse the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during cooking. The air above the cooking plate was sampled using a polyethylene terephthalate olfactometric bag that allows to transport the sample to the instrument location and to perform the SPME extraction of the sampled air. The efficiency of different extraction systems and different extraction times (1, 8, 16, and 24 h) was evaluated in order to obtain sufficient sensitivity. Thus, the proposed system, combining the use of olfactometric bags and SPME‐GC–MS, was applied for the first time to study VOCs emitted during cooking allowing to perform the analysis, even on samples produced in sites far from the instrument location, in an easy way and with instrumentations available in most of laboratories. Then, the method was applied to assess the efficiency of odour filters used in common kitchen hoods, using deep frying of potatoes in sunflower oil as cooking model system. VOCs were analysed in the air before and after passage through the filter, calculating then percentages of dejection for the different classes of VOCs that resulted to be in the range 31–77%.
Disease reciprocity between gingivitis and obesity
Authors: Goodson J. Max 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany diseases seem to affect each other. This is particularly true of periodontal diseases that relate to many systemic diseases. For this reason, this study investigated the relationship between obesity and gingivitis in children by focusing on plasma and salivary metabolomic biochemicals.MethodsWhole saliva and plasma samples were taken from each of sixty‐eight 11‐year‐old children afflicted by different degrees of both gingivitis and obesity. Gingivitis was evaluated as the percent of sites considered erythematous. Obesity was determined by waist circumference. Untargeted metabolomic analysis defined 29 biochemicals significantly correlated between saliva and plasma, which included the collagen breakdown amino acid hydroxyproline (Hyp). Two‐sided t‐tests and regression analysis were performed to compare these data from children with obesity alone, gingivitis alone, both, and neither.ResultsObese children exhibited signs of increased collagen turnover by being taller (14.4 cm) and having more permanent teeth (5.7). Analysis indicated a significant impact of obesity on gingivitis. Children with both diseases had 41.02% of gingival sites red whereas children with only obesity had 5.2% and children with only gingivitis had 19.16%. Hyp was increased in saliva by the combined presence of both diseases. The effects of gingivitis on obesity were in the same direction but generally not statistically significant.ConclusionObesity clearly augments gingivitis. Data suggest that interaction between gingivitis and obesity may exhibit disease reciprocity in which activated neutrophils are mutually shared to create collagen destruction and Hyp release into both saliva and plasma.