bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing the Customer Order Decoupling Point to Facilitate Mass Customization
Authors: Guo Lin , Chen Suhao , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As globalization continues, manufacturing enterprises need to do mass customization with a short lead-time, to satisfy evolving market demands in different regions. One challenge of mass customization is to fulfill orders swiftly at an acceptable cost, meanwhile maintaining the service quality. To do this, the customer order decoupling point – CODP, where the value-adding activities take place, should be designed and adapted to the changing market demands.
In this paper, we propose a Formulation-Exploration method to make decisions on CODP positioning and improve the supply chain to support mass customization. A test problem of auto parts manufacturing is used to establish the efficacy of our method. The Formulation-Exploration method can be used to design supply chains to manage mass customization of products, especially when information is incomplete and inaccurate, goals conflict and multiple types of uncertainty add complexity. In this paper, we focus on the method rather than the results per se.
Design Innovation With Additive Manufacturing: A Methodology
Authors: Perez K. Blake , Lauff Carlye A. , Camburn Bradley A. , Wood Kristin L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has matured rapidly in the past decade and has made significant progress towards a reliable and repeatable manufacturing process. The technology opens the doors for new types of innovation in engineering product development. However, there exists a need for a design process framework to efficiently and effectively explore these newly enabled design spaces. Significant work has been done to understand how to make existing products and components additively manufacturable, yet there still exists an opportunity to understand how AM can be leveraged from the very outset of the design process. Beyond end use products, AM-enabled opportunities include an enhanced design process using AM, new business models enabled by AM, and the production of new AM technologies. In this work, we propose the use, adaptation and evolution of the SUTD-MIT International Design Centre’s Design Innovation (DI) framework to assist organizations effectively explore all of these AM opportunities in an efficient and guided manner. We build on prior work that extracted and formalized design principles for AM. This paper discusses the creation and adaptation of the Design Innovation with Additive Manufacturing (DIwAM) methodology, through the combination of these principles and methods under the DI framework to better identify and realize new innovations enabled by AM. The paper concludes with a representative case study with industry that employs the DIwAM framework and the outcomes of that project. Future studies will analyze the effects that DIwAM has on designers, projects, and solutions.
ARCHIE: An Automated Data Collection Method for Physical Prototyping Efforts in Authentic Design Situations
Authors: Nelson Jacob , Berlin Andrew , Menold Jessica 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Effective data collection can be one of the most challenging aspects of engineering design research. Design projects often occur over periods of weeks, months, or years, making continuous data collection a time-intensive task. Further, interrupting the design process to collect data can be intrusive and disrupt the flow of design. ARCHIE is a system designed to take photos of designers’ physical prototypes, link them to designer perceptions of the design, and maintain a record of design evolution over time. This device will allow researchers to collect data on physical prototyping efforts in design environments without researcher intervention, reducing the burden of data collection in authentic design settings. The device provides designers with an easier way to document physical prototyping efforts and record the evolution of their design with photos and descriptions and promises to allow for researchers to leverage machine learning to automatically analyze aspects of the prototype such as geometric complexity or material choice by facilitating the creation of databases of design artifacts. This work describes the rationale, method, implementation, and testing of ARCHIE using student design projects.
A Comparison of Numerical Optimizers in Developing High Dimensional Surrogate Models
Authors: Xu Yanwen , Wang Pingfeng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Gaussian Process (GP) model has become one of the most popular methods to develop computationally efficient surrogate models in many engineering design applications, including simulation-based design optimization and uncertainty analysis. When more observations are used for high dimensional problems, estimating the best model parameters of Gaussian Process model is still an essential yet challenging task due to considerable computation cost. One of the most commonly used methods to estimate model parameters is Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). A common bottleneck arising in MLE is computing a log determinant and inverse over a large positive definite matrix. In this paper, a comparison of five commonly used gradient based and non-gradient based optimizers including Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP), Quasi-Newton method, Interior Point method, Trust Region method and Pattern Line Search for likelihood function optimization of high dimension GP surrogate modeling problem is conducted. The comparison has been focused on the accuracy of estimation, the efficiency of computation and robustness of the method for different types of Kernel functions.
Unsteady Aerodynamic Modeling and Prediction of Loads for Rotary Wings in Forward Flight
Authors: Dayhoum Abdallah , Zakaria Mohamed Y. , Abdelhamid Omar E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this effort, a new approach in aerodynamic modeling that accounts for unsteady wake effects as well as viscous friction drag, Leading edge suction effect and post stall behavior for rotary wings in forward flight is proposed. The adopted approach commingles the unsteadiness with the problem of helicopter rotor blade in forward flight. The results of the local normal force coefficients were compared with experimental results of the 7A rotor case study in high speed test point 312 at five non-dimensional radial positions. A CFD solver, HOST/elsA, results are compared with the obtained results at five radii locations. The results show a good agreement between the experimental results and the proposed model preserving the same pattern of variation along the azimuth angle with a slight discrepancy for amplitude and phase angle. Of particular interest, the presented model showed better agreement with the experimental for higher radii locations.
Resonance Responses and Bifurcations of Circular Mesh Antenna in Thermal Environment
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhang Wei , Guo Xiangying , Zheng Yan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, resonance responses and bifurcations of the circular mesh antenna with 1:3 internal resonance in thermal environment are studied. Considering this internal resonance, based on the equivalent circular mesh antenna model, which is a composite laminated circular cylindrical shell clamped along a generatrix and with the radial pre-stretched membranes at both ends in thermal environment, we obtain the amplitude-frequency response curves of the system in the state-parameter space by using the prediction-correction continuation algorithm in order to study the bifurcation characteristics of the equivalent circular mesh antenna model. Meanwhile, the fold bifurcation points and Antronov-Hopf bifurcation points are detected and located on these resonance response curves. We find that the nonlinear vibrations of the equivalent circular mesh antenna model have the hardening characteristics, and the temperature excitation has noticeable effects on the stabilities and bifurcations of this system.
Modelling and Evaluation of the Friction in Robotic Joints Considering Thermal Effects
Authors: Legnani Giovanni , Incerti Giovanni , Pagani Roberto , Gheza Matteo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a second order friction model for the joints of industrial robot manipulators that takes into account temperature effects. A solution based on a polynomial description of the friction is proposed. The theoretical analysis and the experimental measurements have shown that friction decreases with increasing temperature, which in turn depends on the working cycle of the manipulator. The mathematical model here proposed allows to foresee the friction variation during extensive working cycles and it does not require the use of a transducer for the measurement of the joint internal temperature; therefore it is well suitable for low-cost industrial applications, to improve the control performance or to predict the energy consumption. Experimental tests performed on a commercial 6 DOF manipulator show that the model is effective in estimating the joint temperature and the friction torque during the robot operations.
Deployable Euler Spiral Connectors (DESCs)
Authors: Ynchausti Collin , Magleby Spencer P. , Bowden Anton E. , Howell Larry L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Deployable Euler Spiral Connectors (DESCs) are introduced as a way to use compliant flexures that lay flat when under strain in a stowed position. This paper presents the design of DESCs using the Euler spiral equations. An application of a spinal device is presented as a proof-of-concept of the use of DESCs.
A Fourier Descriptor Approach to Integrated Type and Dimensional Synthesis of Coupled Serial Mechanism for Motion Generation
Authors: Lv Hao , Han Yuanfei , Li Xiangyun , Zhu Liuxian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Coupled serial mechanism is a class of mechanisms that couple the relative rotation of successive links utilizing gears or cable-pulley systems. They can be used to generate complex end-effector trajectories or motions with a single actuator. With the employment of Fourier descriptors, a novel approach to integrate type synthesis and dimensional synthesis of such mechanisms is proposed in this paper. Through the Fourier analysis of two arbitrary trajectories from the given motion, the simplest trajectory that contains the least number of harmonic components is identified. Then, characteristic information of those harmonics such as their numbers, amplitudes and initial phases are used to determine the topology and dimensions of the corresponding coupled serial mechanism, thus effectively solving the motion synthesis problem of this type of mechanisms. Finally, three examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Research on an Intelligent Diagnostic Equipment Suitable for Rail Traffic Braking System
Authors: Fang Changzheng , Yang Jing , Liu Quan , Feng Furen , Zuo Jianyong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In order to meet the increasing requirements of train safety in the rail transit industry, it is important for the operators to monitor the running status and health status of the train in real time. Based on train on-broad data, using big data analysis method for data mining to study the health status of trains and change rules, it will be helpful to realize the informationization and intelligence of train operation.
This paper designs and introduces a smart device for the brake system of rail transit trains. It reads the required data through the train CAN Bus network, and uses the wireless transmission device DTU to remotely send the analysis result to the cloud server. The user can easily browse the train’s device status and system health analyzed by the server through the webpage anytime and anywhere, which is helpful for the health operations and management of trains. The equipment passed the relevant tests of the Changsha subway train in China, which can meet the needs of functional design.
Digital Design Automation to Support In-Situ Embedding of Functional Components in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Malviya Manoj , Sinha Swapnil , Meisel Nicholas A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) offers access to the entire volume of a printed artifact during the build operation. This makes it possible to embedding foreign components (e.g. sensors, motors, actuators) into AM parts, thus enabling multifunctional products directly from the build tray. However, the process of designing for embedding currently requires extensive designer expertise in AM. Current methods rely on a designer to select an orientation for the embedded component and design a cavity such that the component can be successfully embedded without compromising the print quality of the final part. For irregular geometries, additional design knowledge is required to prepare a shape converter: a secondary piece to ensure a flush deposition surface on top of the embedded component. This research aims to develop a tool to automate these different design decisions for in-situ embedding, thus reducing the need for expert design knowledge. A three-stage process is proposed to 1) find the optimum orientation based on cavity volume and cross-section area, 2) create the necessary cavity geometry to successfully insert the component, and 3) perform a Boolean operation to create the digital design for any requisite shape converter. Performance of the tool is demonstrated with four test cases with varying levels of geometric complexity. These test cases show that the proposed process successfully handles arbitrary embedded geometries, though several limitations are noted for future work.
Rigidly Foldable Thick Origami Using Designed-Offset Linkages
Authors: Lang Robert J. , Brown Nathan , Ignaut Brian , Magleby Spencer , Howell Larry 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present new families of thick origami mechanisms that achieve rigid foldability and parallel stacking of panels in the flat-folded state using linkages for some or all of the hinges between panels. A degree-four vertex results in a multi-loop eight-bar spatial mechanism that can be analyzed as separate linkages. The individual linkages are designed so that they introduce offsets perpendicular to the panels that are mutually compatible around each vertex. This family of mechanisms offers the unique combination of a planar unfolded state, parallel-stacked panels in the flat folded state, and kinematic single-degree-of-freedom motion from the flat-unfolded to the flat-folded state.
Distributed Design of Two-Scale Structures With Unit Cells
Authors: Liu Xingchen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The use of unit cell structures in mechanical design has seen a steady increase due to their abilities to achieve a wide range of material properties and accommodate multi-functional requirements with a single base material. We propose a novel material property envelope (MPE) that encapsulates the attainable effective material properties of a given family of unit cell structures. The MPE interfaces the coarse and fine scales by constraining the combinations of the competing material properties (e.g., volume fraction, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio of isotropic materials) during the design of coarse scale material properties. In this paper, a sampling and reconstruction approach is proposed to represent the MPE of a given family of unit cell structures with the method of moving least squares. The proposed approach enables the analytical derivatives of the MPE, which allows the problem to be solved more accurately and efficiently during the design optimization of the coarse scale effective material property field. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a two-scale structure design with octet trusses that have cubically symmetric effective stiffness tensors.
On the Kinematic Performance of a Novel 5-DOF Reconfigurable Hybrid Manipulator With Ultra Large Workspace for Automatic Perfusion of a Large-Scale Spherical Honeycomb Structure
Authors: Yang Hui , Fang Hairong , Ge Qiaode Jeffrey , Fang Yuefa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A conventional parallel manipulator consists of a moving platform, a fixed base platform, as well as several serial chains that connect the two platforms. This paper presents a novel five degree-of-freedom (DOF) hybrid manipulator such that its base platform itself is movable and thus reconfigurable. This hybrid structure greatly expands the workspace of the end-effector platform so that it can reach and perform tasks over a large-scale spherical honeycomb structure. First, the inverse kinematics as well as the Jacobian matrix is developed. Then, the workspace and singularity of the hybrid manipulator are studied for four different positions of the reconfigurable base platform to show the enlarged singularity-free workspace. For a large-scale honeycomb structure with prefusion requirements, which is placed within the workspace of the hybrid manipulator, the minimum and maximum limit positions of the reconfigurable base are obtained. Finally, a simulation model for the hybrid manipulator is developed using Mathematica and Adams and numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the kinematic performance and verify the effectiveness of the hybrid manipulator.
Investigation on Influence of Tooth Precision on Meshing Noise of Planetary Gear Train
Authors: Hamada Seiya , Nakagawa Masao , Fukuda Tomoki , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Noise is one of the major serious issues for planetary gear trains (PGTs). This noise is regarded as a noise hazard in certain cases such as helicopter cabins where the sound level reaches 100dB. Herein, planet gears of several precisions are combined to investigate the influence of tooth precision on meshing noise of PGT. The meshing noise of PGTs is generated by stiffness coefficient excitation and error excitation forces; however, the stiffness coefficient excitation is assumed to be constant in this paper because a slight error on the tooth surface does not affect the meshing stiffness. It was found that maintaining the same precision for all planet gears is the best. If one of the planet gears has a precision that is significantly different from that of the others, the sound pressure level increases. The deviation for the maximum error among all meshing pairs, should be restricted to no more than 3μm in case of module one spur gear.
Confidence-Based Design Optimization Under Data Uncertainty Using Most Probable Point-Based Approach
Authors: Jung Yongsu , Cho Hyunkyoo , Lee Ikjin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An accurate input statistical model has been assumed in most of reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) to concentrate on variability of random variables. However, only limited number of data are available to quantify the input statistical model in practical engineering applications. In other words, irreducible variability and reducible uncertainty due to lack of knowledge exist simultaneously in random design variables. Therefore, the uncertainty in reliability induced by insufficient data has to be accounted for RBDO to guarantee confidence of reliability. The uncertainty of input distributions is successfully propagated to a cumulative distribution function (CDF) of reliability under normality assumptions, but it requires a number of function evaluations in double-loop Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). To tackle this challenge, reliability measure approach (RMA) in confidence-based design optimization (CBDO) is proposed to handle the randomness of reliability following the idea of performance measure approach (PMA) in RBDO. Input distribution parameters are transformed to the standard normal space for most probable point (MPP) search with respect to reliability. Therefore, the reliability is approximated at MPP with respect to input distribution parameters. The proposed CBDO can treat confidence constraints employing the reliability value at the target confidence level that is approximated by MPP in P-space. In conclusion, the proposed method can significantly reduce the number of function evaluations by eliminating outer-loop MCS while maintaining acceptable accuracy.
Study on the Mixed Method of Transfer Matrix Method and Finite Element Method for Vibration of Multibody System
Authors: Lu Hanjing , Rui Xiaoting , Zhang Jianshu , Ding Yuanyuan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The mixed method of Transfer Matrix Method for Multibody System (MSTMM) and Finite Element Method (FEM) is introduced in this paper. The transfer matrix and transfer equation of multi-rigid-body subsystem are deduced by MSTMM. The mass matrix and stiffness matrix of flexible subsystem are calculated by FEM and then its dynamics equation is established. The connection point relations among subsystems are deduced and the overall transfer matrix and transfer equation of multi-rigid-flexible system are established. The vibration characteristics of the system are obtained by solving the system frequency equation. The computational results of two numerical examples show that the proposed method have good agreements with MSTMM and FEM. Multi-rigid-flexible-body system with multi-end beam can be solved by proposed method, which extends the application field of MSTMM and provides a theoretical basis for calculating complex systems with multi input end flexible bodies of arbitrary shape.
Optimization of Edge Geometry of Cylindrical Milling Tools to Enhance Dynamic Stability
Authors: Dombovari Zoltan , Bachrathy Daniel , Stepan Gabor 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Tool geometry directly influences the dynamic performance of milling operations. Both surface properties and stability behavior are significantly influenced by the regeneration effect. The regeneration phenomenon is modelled by delay differential equations with delays originated from the time passed between consecutive flute passes. This work presents the implementation study of a constrained general optimization scheme for cutting edges of cylindrical milling cutters based on functional minimization principle. Mathematically, this leads to the determination of the corresponding weight function of a distributed delay differential equation. The presented semi-analytical methodology is based on the general milling model implemented in the semidiscretization framework.
An Improved Unified Solution for a Vibration Equation of Tension-Stiffening Beam Using Extended Rayleigh Energy Method
Authors: Yang Zhijun , Li Ruiqi , Bai Youdun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The tension-stiffening effect is very important for physical science, which has been widely used in MEMS, sensors and micro-motion stages. The analytical solutions of the tension-stiffening beam are extremely significant, in consideration of the inefficiency of finite element analysis (FEA) for the design and optimization. Commonly, there are three typical types of boundary conditions for tension-stiffening (or stress-induced) beams, i.e., clamped-clamped, clamped-hinged, and hinged-hinged. But only the hinged-hinged beam has an analytical solution. Therefore, a method based on extended Rayleigh energy method is proposed in this paper to deduce the analytical solutions of three boundary conditions. The predictions are verified to be in good agreement with FEA and experiment results.