bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhaled Epoprostenol to Facilitate Safe Transport in Legionnaires’ Disease
Authors: Foster Corrine , Frakes Michael A. , Puopolo Erica , McNulty Francis , Saia Mark S. , Hourihan Mike , Flynn Margaret , Wilcox Susan R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHypoxemic patients often desaturate further with movement and transport. While inhaled epoprostenol does not improve mortality, improving oxygenation allows for transport of severely hypoxemic patients to tertiary care centers with a related improvement in mortality rates. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use is increasing in frequency for patients with refractory hypoxemia, and with increasing regionalization of care, safe transport of hypoxemic patients only becomes more important. In this series, four cases are presented of young patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure from Legionnaires’ disease transported on inhaled epoprostenol to ECMO centers for consideration of cannulation. With continued climate changes, Legionella and other pathogens are likely to be a continued threat. As such, optimizing oxygenation to allow for transport should continue to be a priority for critical care transport (CCT) services.
Parents’ reactions to unhealthy food v. pro-health sponsorship options for children’s sport: an experimental study
Authors: Scully Maree , Wakefield Melanie , Pettigrew Simone , Kelly Bridget , Dixon Helen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:To explore parents’ responses to sponsorship of children’s sport by unhealthy food brands and two alternative pro-health sponsorship options.Design:Between-subjects online experiment with four sponsorship conditions: (i) non-food branding (control); (ii) unhealthy food branding; (iii) healthier food branding; (iv) public health nutrition campaign branding. Participants were shown a short video and a promotional flyer for a fictional junior sports programme, with sponsor content representing their assigned brand. Afterwards, participants were asked a series of questions assessing their brand awareness, brand attitudes and preference for food sponsor branded products.Setting:Australia.Participants:Australian parents (n 1331) of children aged 6–9 years.Results:Compared with the control condition, unhealthy food sponsorship promoted increased awareness, branded product preferences and favourable attitudes towards unhealthy food sponsor brands. Healthier food sponsorship promoted similar effects for healthier food sponsor brands, except there was no significant increase in positive attitudes towards these brands. Sponsorship by public health nutrition campaigns promoted more negative attitudes towards unhealthy food sponsor brands and increased preference for healthier food sponsor branded products. Overall, healthier food sponsors and public health campaign sponsors were perceived to have better programme–sponsor fit and to be more appropriate sponsors of children’s sport than unhealthy food sponsors.Conclusions:Restrictions on unhealthy food sponsorship of children’s sport are needed to prevent unhealthy food brands from exploiting junior sport sponsorship to enhance their appeal. Sponsorship of children’s sport by healthier food brands or public health nutrition campaigns could help promote healthier food choices among parents.
Exporting terrestrial life out of the Solar System with gravitational slingshots of Earthgrazing bodies
Authors: Siraj Amir , Loeb Abraham 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExporting terrestrial life out of the Solar System requires a process that both embeds microbes in boulders and ejects those boulders out of the Solar System. We explore the possibility that Earthgrazing long-period comets (LPCs) and interstellar objects (ISOs) could export life from Earth by collecting microbes from the atmosphere and receiving a gravitational slingshot effect from the Earth. We estimate the total number of exportation events over the lifetime of the Earth to be ~1–10 for LPCs and ~1–50 for ISOs. If life existed above an altitude of 100 km, then the number is dramatically increased up to ~105 exportation events over Earth's lifetime.
The English School and postcolonial state agency: social roles and order management in Southeast Asia and the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Yates Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper contributes to recent revisions to the English School (ES) which have sought to redress its Eurocentrism. It argues that, despite providing necessary accounts of non-Western international societies and the agency of non-European polities in the expansion of global international society, there remains a gap in capturing the agency of postcolonial states in contributing to order negotiation and management in contemporary international order. It proposes a social role negotiation framework to address the gap, which it situates within a holistic conceptual framework that supplements an ES understanding of international order between states with a world-system perspective on how states are embedded within global capitalism, and a neo-Gramscian focus on social forces as the key agents contesting and shaping states' foreign policy orientation. It highlights two major types of postcolonial state agency within international order: contesting and limiting great powers' legitimate exercise of power; and establishing responsibilities towards building and managing order vis-a-vis great powers. The paper illustrates the utility of the social roles framework with the example of ASEAN in Southeast Asian and Asia-Pacific order.
Advancing the science of distress screening and management in cancer care
Authors: Donovan Kristine A. , Grassi Luigi , Deshields Teresa L. , Corbett Cheyenne , Riba Michelle B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Given the high prevalence (30–35%) of psychosocial and psychiatric morbidity amongst cancer patients in any phase of the disease trajectory, screening for emotional problems and disorders has become mandatory in oncology. As a process, screening begins at the entry to the cancer care system and continues at clinically meaningful times, periodically during active cancer care, or when clinically indicated. The goal is to facilitate proper referral to psychosocial oncology specialists for more specific assessment and care, as well as treatment and evaluation of the response, according to the implementation of distress management guidelines. In this editorial, we will provide a non-exhaustive overview of relevant protocols, with particular reference to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Distress Management in Oncology Guidelines, and review the challenges and the problems in implementing screening, and the assessment and management of psychosocial and psychiatric problems in cancer centres and community care.
A Possible Cause of Tropical Cyclone Eastward Genesis Location Bias Study Using CAM5 Model in Western North Pacific
Authors: Shen Yixuan , Sun Yuan , Zhong Zhong , Li Tim , Hu Yijia , Yi Lan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art climate models are extremely useful tools, but they all have biases when simulating tropical cyclone (TC) genesis location. These biases contribute to discrepancies in simulating other characteristics of TC activities (e.g., track, intensity, and duration) and even the surrounding large‐scale circulation. The genesis potential index (GPI) is a useful tool to evaluate the performance of climate models in simulating TC genesis. Here, it is employed to investigate possible causes of simulation biases of TC genesis location in western North Pacific using the downscaled Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 (CAM5) climate model and observations. We find that GPI can reasonably describe the spatial pattern of TC genesis location in either observation or simulation. By having one of GPI‐related variables (i.e., low‐level absolute vorticity, middle‐level relative humidity, vertical wind shear, and potential intensity) change with the others set to stable while testing single variable, the contributions of environmental fields associated with GPI are examined and a possible cause of TC genesis biases is revealed. Due to the overestimated humidity in the east region of western North Pacific, the simulated GPI high value region is to the east of the observed one, and more TCs in the downscaled CAM5 model generate farther east than in observation. These results imply that the biases in simulated humidity and thus TC genesis location may be reduced by correcting the evaporation rate in the deep convection scheme, since the evaporation rate is closely related to environment humidity change as suggested by previous studies.
Biological Control of Chromium Redox and Stable Isotope Composition in the Surface Ocean
Authors: Janssen David J. , Rickli Jörg , Quay Paul D. , White Angelicque E. , Nasemann Philipp , Jaccard Samuel L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile chromium stable isotopes (δ53Cr) have received significant attention for their utility as a tracer of oxygen availability in the distant geological past, a mechanistic understanding of modern oceanic controls on Cr and δ53Cr is still lacking. Here we present total dissolved δ53Cr, concentrations of Cr (III) and total dissolved Cr, and net community productivity (NCP) from the North Pacific. Chromium concentrations show surface depletions in waters with elevated NCP, but not in lower productivity waters. Observed Cr deficits correspond well with calculated Cr export derived from NCP and Cr:C ratios of natural phytoplankton and marine particulates. Chromium (III) concentrations are stable over the diel cycle yet correlate with NCP, with maxima found in highly productive surface waters but not in lower productivity waters, indicating biological control on Cr (III). The relationship between Cr (III) and δ53Cr suggests that δ53Cr distributions may be controlled by the removal of isotopically light Cr (III) at an isotopic enrichment factor (∆53Cr) of −1.08‰ ± 0.25 relative to total dissolved δ53Cr, in agreement with the global δ53Cr‐Cr fractionation factor (−0.82‰ ± 0.05). No perturbation to δ53Cr, Cr, or Cr (III) is observed in oxygen‐depleted waters (~10 μmol/kg), suggesting no strong control by O2 availability, in agreement with other recent studies. Therefore, we propose that biological productivity is the primary control on Cr and δ53Cr in the modern ocean. Consequently, δ53Cr records in marine sediments may not faithfully record oxygen availability in the Late Quaternary. Instead, our data demonstrate that δ53Cr records may be a useful tracer for biological productivity.
Turbulence‐Driven Magnetic Reconnection in the Magnetosheath Downstream of a Quasi‐Parallel Shock: A Three‐Dimensional Global Hybrid Simulation
Authors: Lu Quanming , Wang Huanyu , Wang Xueyi , Lu San , Wang Rongsheng , Gao Xinliang , Wang Shui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSatellite observations with high‐resolution measurements have demonstrated the existence of intermittent current sheets and occurrence of magnetic reconnection in a quasi‐parallel magnetosheath behind the terrestrial bow shock. In this letter, by performing a three‐dimensional global hybrid simulation, we investigated the characteristics of the quasi‐parallel magnetosheath of the bow shock, which is formed due to the interaction of the solar wind with the Earth's magnetosphere. Current sheets with widths of several ion inertial lengths are found to be produced in the magnetosheath after the upstream large‐amplitude electromagnetic waves penetrate through the shock and are then compressed in the downstream. Magnetic reconnection consequently occurs in these current sheets, where high‐speed ion flow jets are identified in the outflow region. Simultaneously, flux ropes with the extension (along the y direction) of about several Earth's radii are also observed. Our simulation shed new insight on the mechanism for the occurrence of magnetic reconnection in the quasi‐parallel shocked magnetosheath.
Association Between EMIC Wave Occurrence and Enhanced Convection Periods During Ion Injections
Authors: Remya B. , Sibeck D. G. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Kunduri B. , Halford A. J. , Reeves G. D. , Reddy R. V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves tend to occur during geomagnetic storms and solar wind pressure pulses. However, they have also been regularly observed even in the absence of these two drivers. These non‐storm time and non‐pressure pulse EMIC events are very well associated with individual nightside injections (Remya et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025354). Nevertheless, not all substorm injections elicit wave activity. We examine the EMIC events excited during two substorm injections on 4 September 2015 and 1 October 2015. We find that injections that are associated with EMIC waves are also associated with enhanced ionospheric convection. The convective signatures occur at local times similar to those of the observed wave activity.
Long‐Term Thermohaline Variations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre From a Repeat Hydrographic Section Along 165°E
Authors: Kawakami Yuma , Kitamura Yoshiteru , Nakano Toshiya , Sugimoto Shusaku 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLong‐term thermohaline variability in the North Pacific subtropical gyre for 1996–2018 was investigated by repeat hydrography along 165°E conducted by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Potential temperature (θ) and salinity (S) in North Pacific Tropical Water (NPTW), characterized by the salinity maximum, exhibit an interannual or longer‐timescale variation with significant warming and salinification. The θ–S of NPTW originates from mixed layer temperature (MLT) and salinity (MLS) in the isopycnal outcrop region. In the NPTW formation region, the MLS determines surface density and controls the meridional position of the outcrop region. High (low) MLS and the associated southward (northward) migration of the outcrop region increase (decrease) θ–S anomalies in NPTW. The θ–S in the main thermocline/halocline associated with subtropical mode water (STMW) shows a decadal‐scale variation, with a significant cooling and freshening. These properties also derive from MLT and MLS in the isopycnal outcrop region. In the central North Pacific, including the eastern part of the STMW formation region, the MLT controls meridional migration of the outcrop region; during high (low) MLT, the outcrop region migrates northward (southward), and cold and fresh (warm and salty) STMW is formed. The signals are passed into the main thermocline/halocline through subduction of STMW. Consideration of the mechanism that generates θ–S anomalies via migration of the outcrop regions leads us to suggest surface warming and salinification in the subtropical gyre associated with global warming cause a cooling and freshening in the main thermocline/halocline and warming and salinification in NPTW, respectively.
Can We Resolve the Basin‐Scale Sea Level Trend Budget From GRACE Ocean Mass?
Authors: Royston Sam , Dutt Vishwakarma Bramha , Westaway Richard , Rougier Jonathan , Sha Zhe , Bamber Jonathan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderstanding sea level changes at a regional scale is important for improving local sea level projections and coastal management planning. Sea level budget (SLB) estimates derived from the sum of observation of each component close for the global mean. The sum of steric and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) ocean mass contributions to sea level calculated from measurements does not match the spatial patterns of sea surface height trends from satellite altimetry at 1° grid resolution over the period 2005–2015. We investigate potential drivers of this mismatch aggregating to subbasin regions and find that the steric plus GRACE ocean mass observations do not represent the small‐scale features seen in the satellite altimetry. In addition, there are discrepancies with large variance apparent at the global and hemispheric scale. Thus, the SLB closure on the global scale to some extent represents a cancelation of errors. The SLB is also sensitive to the glacial isostatic adjustment correction for GRACE and to altimery orbital altitude. Discrepancies in the SLB are largest for the Indian‐South Pacific Ocean region. Taking the spread of plausible sea level trends, the SLB closes at the ocean‐basin scale (
) but with large spread of magnitude, one third or more of the trend signal. Using the most up‐to‐date observation products, our ocean‐region SLB does not close everywhere, and consideration of systematic uncertainties diminishes what information can be gained from the SLB about sea level processes, quantifying contributions, and validating Earth observation systems.
The Effects of Fault Geometry and Kinematic Parameters on 3D Fold Morphology: Insights From 3D Geometric Models and Comparison With the Dushanzi Anticline, China
Authors: Li Zhigang , Chen Wei , Jia Dong , Sun Chuang , Zheng Wenjun , Zhang Peizhen , Wang Weitao , Li Tao , Xiong Jianguo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrecise knowledge of the geometry of faults and folds at depth is important for tectonics, economic geology, and seismic hazards. However, the geometry and kinematics of faults and the aspects controlling the coevolution of folds are difficult to constrain without 3D seismic data. We perform a series of 3D forward geometric simulations using a pseudo‐3D trishear fault‐propagation folding algorithm to investigate the effects of six fault geometry and kinematic parameters on the 3D fold morphology. We conclude that the ramp angle and the shortening/fault length ratio are the primary controlling factors of the whole 3D‐fold morphology, and the displacement gradient angle only affects the along‐strike deformation. We then present a quantitative interpretation of the Dushanzi anticline and propose that the anticline formed by trishear fault‐propagation folding with 5.5 km of total shortening. A consistency between the 3D structural and geometric models demonstrates the validity of the structural interpretations, suggesting that the anticline is controlled by a 40‐km‐long fault and has increased in amplitude over time with a shortening rate of ~2 mm/year since the Quaternary. The consistency highlights the spatial relationship between the fault geometry, the along‐strike shortening distribution, and the 3D‐fold morphology. These novel insights from the Dushanzi anticline can be applied to the identification of a structural trap with a volume of 68.6 km3.
Interferon mediated neuroinflammation in polyglutamine disease is not caused by RNA toxicity
Authors: Bhambri Aksheev , Pinto Akeeth , Pillai Beena 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPolyglutamine diseases are neurodegenerative diseases that occur due to the expansion of CAG repeat regions in coding sequences of genes. Previously, we have shown the formation of large protein aggregates along with activation of the interferon pathway leading to apoptosis in a cellular model of SCA17. Here, we corroborate our previous results in a tetracycline-inducible model of SCA17. Interferon gamma and lambda were upregulated in 59Q-TBP expressing cells as compared to 16Q-TBP expressing cells. Besides interferon-stimulated genes, the SCA17 model and Huntington’s mice brain samples showed upregulation of RNA sensors. However, in this improved model interferon pathway activation and apoptosis preceded the formation of large polyglutamine aggregates, suggesting a role for CAG repeat RNA or soluble protein aggregates. A polyglutamine minus mutant of TBP, expressing polyCAG mRNA, was created by site directed mutagenesis of 10 potential start codons. Neither this long CAG embedded mRNA nor short polyCAG RNA could induce interferon pathway genes or cause apoptosis. polyQ-TBP induced the expression of canonical RNA sensors but the downstream transcription factor, IRF3, showed a muted response. We found that expanded CAG repeat RNA is not sufficient to account for the neuronal apoptosis. Neuronal cells sense expanded CAG repeats embedded in messenger RNAs of protein-coding genes. However, polyglutamine containing protein is responsible for the interferon-mediated neuroinflammation and cell death seen in polyglutamine disease. Thus, we delineate the inflammatory role of CAG repeats in the mRNA from the resulting polyglutamine tract in the protein. Embedded in messenger RNAs of protein-coding regions, the cell senses CAG repeat expansion and induces the expression of RNA sensors and interferon-stimulated genes.
Piperlongumine regulates epigenetic modulation and alleviates psoriasis-like skin inflammation via inhibition of hyperproliferation and inflammation
Authors: Thatikonda Sowjanya , Pooladanda Venkatesh , Sigalapalli Dilep Kumar , Godugu Chandraiah 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPsoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease, where chronic immune responses due to exaggerated cytokine signaling, abnormal differentiation, and evasion of keratinocytes apoptosis plays a crucial role in mediating abnormal keratinocytes hyperproliferation. From the therapeutic perspective, the molecules with strong anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties could have tremendous relevance. In this study, we demonstrated that piperlongumine (PPL) treatment effectively abrogated the hyperproliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes by inducing ROS-mediated late apoptosis with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Besides, the arrest of cell cycle was found at Sub-G1 phase as a result of DNA fragmentation. Molecularly, inhibition of STAT3 and Akt signaling was observed with a decrease in proliferative markers such as PCNA, ki67, and Cyclin D1 along with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression. Keratin 17 is a critical regulator of keratinocyte differentiation, and it was found to be downregulated with PPL significantly. Furthermore, prominent anti-inflammatory effects were observed by inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced p65 NF-κB signaling cascade and strongly inhibited the production of cytokine storm involved in psoriasis-like skin inflammation, thus led to the restoration of normal epidermal architecture with reduction of epidermal hyperplasia and splenomegaly. In addition, PPL epigenetically inhibited histone-modifying enzymes, which include histone deacetylases (HDACs) of class I (HDAC1–4) and class II (HDAC6) evaluated by immunoblotting and HDAC enzyme assay kit. In addition, our results show that PPL effectively inhibits the nuclear translocation of p65 and a histone modulator HDAC3, thus sequestered in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Furthermore, PPL effectively enhanced the protein–protein interactions of HDAC3 and p65 with IκBα, which was disrupted by LPS stimulation and were evaluated by Co-IP and molecular modeling. Collectively, our findings indicate that piperlongumine may serve as an anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory agent and could serve as a potential therapeutic option in treating psoriasis.