bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student nurses exposed to sustainability education can challenge practice: A cohort study
Authors: Aronsson Jennie , Clarke Daniel , Grose Jane , Richardson Janet 
Published: May 2020

AbstractClimate change will adversely affect the health of populations and the ability of healthcare systems to deliver appropriate and timely care. Furthermore, resource scarcity requires nurses to practice in more sustainable ways. This study investigated the extent to which student nurses reported that they were able to apply their knowledge of sustainability in clinical practice following educational sessions on relevant topics. Students were exposed to scenario‐based sustainability education in years 1, 2, and 3 of their 3‐year program. Data were collected using a questionnaire that asked participants if they were able to implement sustainable practice. In year 2,121 students, and in year 3, 68 stated they made a change or challenged practice as a consequence of learning about sustainability. Barriers preventing them from challenging unsustainable practice were lack of confidence and resistance to change. Year‐3 students were more able to influence unsustainable practice than were those in year 2. This study indicates that sustainability sessions, focused on aspects of clinical relevance, can support nurses to implement change; barriers remain that require confidence building for the students.
Diet differentially regulates enterochromaffin cell serotonin content, density and nutrient sensitivity in the mouse small and large intestine
Authors: Martin Alyce M. , Jones Lauren A. , Jessup Claire F. , Sun Emily W. , Keating Damien J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundEnterochromaffin (EC) cells are specialized enteroendocrine cells lining the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the source of almost all serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) in the body. Gut‐derived 5‐HT has a plethora of physiological roles, including regulation of gastrointestinal motility, and has been implicated as a driver of obesity and metabolic disease. This is due to 5‐HT influencing key metabolic processes, such as hepatic gluconeogenesis, adipose tissue lipolysis and hindering thermogenic capacity. Increased circulating 5‐HT occurs in humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, despite the known metabolic roles of gut‐derived 5‐HT, the mechanisms underlying the cellular‐level change in EC cells under obesogenic conditions remains unknown.MethodsWe use a mouse model of diet‐induced obesity (DIO) to identify the regional changes that occur in primary EC cells from the duodenum and colon. Transcriptional changes in the nutrient sensing profile of primary EC cells were assessed, and responses to nutrient stimuli in culture were determined by 5‐HT ELISA.Key ResultsWe find that obesogenic conditions affect EC cells in a region‐dependent manner. Duodenal EC cells from DIO mice have impaired sugar sensing even in the presence of increased 5‐HT content per cell, while colonic EC cell numbers are significantly increased, but have unaltered nutrient sensing capacity.Conclusions & InferencesOur findings from this study add novel insights into the mechanisms by which functional changes to EC cells occur at a cellular level, which may contribute to the altered circulating 5‐HT seen with obesity and metabolic disease, and associated gastrointestinal disorders.
Relationship between problematic gaming and age at the onset of habitual gaming
Authors: Nakayama Hideki , Matsuzaki Takanobu , Mihara Satoko , Kitayuguchi Takashi , Higuchi Susumu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSome studies have revealed that a substantial proportion of the younger population has engaged in problematic gaming with even infants recently being able to enjoy video games. However, the relationship between the risk for problematic gaming and age at which habitual gaming starts remains unknown. This study therefore investigated this relationship among adolescents.MethodsA survey was conducted at eight public junior high schools across Japan. The questionnaire included items regarding the background, night‐time sleep, age at which weekly gaming began, time spent on the Internet and gaming, the Japanese version of Young’s Diagnostic Questionnaire, the Ten‐Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT‐10), and others. We analyzed 549 participants who engaged in weekly gaming and have played games during the past year.ResultsAmong the participants, 1.8% were suspected to have Internet gaming disorder (IGDT‐10 ≥ 5). Bedtime and wake‐up time on weekdays and holidays were significantly later among problematic gamers (IGDT‐10 ≥ 3) than among normal gamers (IGDT‐10 ≤ 2). Onset of weekly gaming before the age of 5 was associated with a significantly higher risk of problematic gaming than onset of weekly gaming after the age of 10.ConclusionsOur results revealed that the risk for problematic gaming was positively associated with a younger age at which weekly gaming begins. Longitudinal problematic gaming prevention, starting from an early stage, is thus necessary.
Investigation of vaginal mucus parameters: Development of models for staging the oestrous cycle of the Bunaji cow
Authors: Agbugba Linda Chinyere , Oyewunmi Adetomi Oyelola , Ogundumade Tayo Peter , Leigh Olufisayo Oluwadamilare 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChanges in some vaginal mucus parameters were studied in order to generate predictive models capable of enhancing oestrous cycle staging, using equal groups (unsynchronized‐USC [no treatment] and synchronized‐SC [Synchromate® i/m on d0, d11]) of Bunaji cows (n = 48) aged 3–4 years. Vaginal mucus was collected (starting d11 in SC) daily over 26 days using standard procedures. Physical (viscosity, elasticity, density, resistivity) and biochemical (pH, glucose, cholesterol, total protein, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium) parameters were evaluated using standard procedures. Data were analysed using chi‐square and multinomial logit regression modelling. Models generated using oestrus as reference categories were ascertained for accuracies. Chi‐square values for viscosity, elasticity and density were significant (p < .01) in USC and SC across stages of the cycle. Results for USC showed that pH and cholesterol were predictive (p < .01) for pro‐oestrus, metoestrus and dioestrus, while total protein was predictive (p < .01) for dioestrus only. Similarly, magnesium was predictive (p < .05) for pro‐oestrus. For SC, pH, magnesium and cholesterol were predictive (p < .01) for pro‐oestrus, metoestrus and dioestrus, while total protein was predictive (p < .01) for pro‐oestrus and dioestrus. Potassium and total protein were also predictive for metoestrus at 10% and 5% significance levels, respectively. Though findings suggest the usefulness of magnesium in staging the oestrous cycle only in synchronized cows, pH, total protein and cholesterol appeared to be the more important vaginal mucus parameters in Bunaji cows, regardless synchronization. Furthermore, the models developed showed high accuracy levels for staging the oestrous cycle in USC (100%) and SC (89%).
Governing complex societal problems: The impact of private on public regulation through technological change
Authors: Schmid Nicolas , Haelg Leonore , Sewerin Sebastian , Schmidt Tobias S. , Simmen Irina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhen addressing complex societal problems, public regulation is increasingly complemented by private regulation. Extant literature has provided valuable insights into the effectiveness of such complex governance structures, with most empirical studies focusing on how public regulation influences private regulation. Conversely, the impact of private on public regulation is less well studied. Here, we investigate this impact with a focus on technological change as possible mechanism. Based on a case study of energy efficiency in buildings in Switzerland, we find evidence of a symbiotic interaction between public and private regulation that leads to ratcheting‐up of regulatory stringency. We identify technological change as the mechanism linking private and public regulation. We discuss the relevance of our findings for governance literature and regulators.
The Effectiveness of Implicit and Explicit Instruction on German L2 Learners’ Pronunciation
Authors: Peltekov Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrevious research has investigated the effectiveness of implicit and explicit instructional methods on second language (L2) learners’ grammatical accuracy. However, there is a scarcity of studies focused on the effects of the two teaching methods on L2 learners’ pronunciation. To fill this gap, the present study examined the effects of implicit and explicit instruction on the pronunciation of beginning learners of German. Over the course of one semester, one group of learners (n=5) was taught pronunciation explicitly (i.e., using phonetic rules), another group (n=5) implicitly (i.e., without phonetic rules), and a third group (n=5) received no pronunciation instruction. A pretest‐posttest design was used to measure learners’ improve ment in accent and comprehensibility. A slight improvement in both variables was observed under all conditions, but no significant difference in progress was found across the three groups. The findings suggest that some learner variables (e.g., age) might be better predictors of improvement than the type of instruction. Moreover, not all pronunciation features were equally relevant for L2 learners’ comprehensibility and accent. The results have implications for L2 pronunciation teaching.
Perinephric abscess in a renal transplant recipient due to Mycoplasma hominis: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Adams Matthew , Bouzigard Rory , Al‐Obaidi Mohanad , Zangeneh Tirdad T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA 42‐year‐old man presented with nausea, malaise, and pain at his renal graft site 4 months following deceased donor renal transplant. His transplantation had been complicated by urinary leak with delayed wound closure requiring ureteral revision with biologic mesh placement. The initial evaluation in the hospital revealed urinalysis with significant pyuria as well as abdominal CT imaging concerning for abscess formation anterior to the grafted kidney. Interventional radiology (IR) guided drainage of this abscess yielded growth of Enterococcus faecalis treated with intravenous ampicillin/sulbactam. He continued to have pain at his graft site and repeat imaging revealed a persistent abscess despite prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Urine cultures isolated Mycoplasma species. A repeat aspirate of abscess fluid collected and Mycoplasma hominis was identified by molecular test. Patient's symptoms abated and his abscess completely resolved on repeat imaging after completing a course of oral moxifloxacin and doxycycline. His immunosuppression did not require adjustment and the renal graft continued to function well following this therapy. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma should be considered as a potential etiology for perinephric abscess in renal transplant recipients.
Colloid osmotic pressure of contemporary and novel transfusion products
Authors: Klanderman Robert B. , Bosboom Joachim J. , Korsten Herbert , Zeiler Thomas , Musson Ruben E. A. , Veelo Denise P. , Geerts Bart. F. , van Bruggen Robin , de Korte Dirk , Vlaar Alexander P. J. 
Published: May 2020

Background and ObjectivesColloid osmotic pressure (COP) is a principal determinant of intravascular fluid homeostasis and a pillar of fluid therapy and transfusion. Transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO) is a leading complication of transfusion, and COP could be responsible for recruiting additional fluid. Study objective was to measure COP of blood products as well as investigate the effects of product concentration and storage lesion on COP.Materials and MethodsThree units of each product were sampled longitudinally. COP was measured directly as well as the determinants thereof albumin and total protein. Conventional blood products, that is red blood cell (RBC), fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) and platelet concentrates (PLTs), were compared with their concentrated counterparts: volume‐reduced RBCs, hyperconcentrated PLTs, and fully and partially reconstituted lyophilized plasma (prLP). Fresh and maximally stored products were measured to determine changes in protein and COP. We calculated potential volume load (PVL) to estimate volume recruited using albumin's water binding per product.ResultsColloid osmotic pressure varies widely between conventional products (RBCs, 1·9; PLTs, 7·5; and FFP, 20·1 mmHg); however, all are hypooncotic compared with human plasma COP (25·4 mmHg). Storage lesion did not increase COP. Concentrating RBCs and PLTs did not increase COP; only prLP showed a supraphysiological COP of 47·3 mm Hg. The PVL of concentrated products was lower than conventional products.ConclusionColloid osmotic pressure of conventional products was low. Therefore, third‐space fluid recruitment is an unlikely mechanism in TACO. Concentrated products had a lower calculated fluid load and may prevent TACO. Finally, storage did not significantly increase oncotic pressure of blood products.
Feasibility of ventricular volumetry by cardiovascular MRI to assess cardiac function in the fetal sheep
Authors: Cho Steven K. S. , Darby Jack R. T. , Saini Brahmdeep S. , Lock Mitchell C. , Holman Stacey L. , Lim Jessie Mei , Perumal Sunthara Rajan , Macgowan Christopher K. , Morrison Janna L. , Seed Mike 
Published: May 2020

Key points
The application of fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) to assess fetal cardiovascular physiology and cardiac function through the quantification of ventricular volumes has previously been investigated, but the approach has not yet been fully validated.
Ventricular output measurements calculated from heart rate and stroke volumes (SV) of the right and left ventricles measured by ventricular volumetry (VV) exhibited a high level of agreement with phase‐contrast (PC) blood flow measurements in the main pulmonary artery and ascending aorta, respectively.
Ejection fraction of the right ventricle, which is lower than that of the left ventricle in postnatal subjects, was similar to the left ventricular ejection fraction in the fetus; probably due to the different loading conditions present in the fetal circulation.
This study provides evidence to support the reliability of VV in the sheep fetus, providing evidence for its use in animal models of human diseases affecting the fetal circulation.
AbstractThe application of ventricular volumetry (VV) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in the fetus remains challenging due to the small size of the fetal heart and high heart rate. The reliability of this technique in utero has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and reliability of VV in a fetal sheep model of human pregnancy. Right and left ventricular outputs by stroke volume (SV) measured using VV were compared with 2D phase‐contrast (PC) CMR measurements of blood flow in the main pulmonary artery (MPA) and ascending aorta (AAo). At 124–140 days (d) gestation, singleton bearing Merino ewes underwent CMR under general anaesthesia using fetal femoral artery catheters, implanted at 109–117d, to trigger cine steady state free precession acquisitions of ventricular short‐axis stacks. The short‐axis cine stacks were segmented at end‐systole and end‐diastole, yielding right and left ventricular SV, ejection fraction, and cardiac outputs (SV × heart rate). PC cine acquisitions of MPA and AAo were analysed to measure blood flow, which served as comparators for the right and left cardiac outputs by VV. There was good correlation and agreement between VV and PC measures of ventricular outputs with no significant bias (r2 = 0.926; P < 0.0001; Bias = −4.7 ± 10.5 ml min−1 kg−1; 95% limits of agreement: −15.9 to 25.2 ml min−1 kg−1). This study validates fetal VV by CMR in a large animal model of human pregnancy and provides preliminary reference values of fetal sheep right and left ventricles in late gestation.
Some Remarks on the Equilibrium of Granular Materials Described by Constitutive Relations That Depend on the Gradients of the Density or Volume Fraction
Authors: Atul Narayan S. P. , Rajagopal K. R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
One of the ways of determining the properties of granular materials is to subject the material to a tri-axial state of stress with three distinct eigenvalues, in a cubical tri-axial testing equipment, the material tested being in a static state. A constitutive relation for granular materials that does not allow the body to be in tri-axial static equilibrium would not be a reasonable model as experiments clearly show that granular materials can exist in such tri-axial states. In this short note, we observe that a large class of models that have been developed and used to describe the response of granular materials will not allow them to be in a static tri-axial state of stress with three different principal stresses.
Quantifying the Effect of Kinetic Uncertainties on NO Predictions at Engine-Relevant Pressures in Premixed Methane–Air Flames
Authors: Durocher Antoine , Bourque Gilles , Bergthorson Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Accurate and robust thermochemical models are required to identify future low-NOx technologies that can meet the increasingly stringent emissions regulations in the gas turbine industry. These mechanisms are generally optimized and validated for specific ranges of operating conditions, which result in an abundance of models offering accurate nominal solutions over different parameter ranges. Under atmospheric conditions, and for methane combustion, relatively good agreement between models and experiments is currently observed. At engine-relevant pressures, however, a large variability in predictions is obtained as the models are often used outside their validation region. The high levels of uncertainty found in chemical kinetic rates enable such discrepancies between models, even if the reactions are within recommended rate values. This work investigates the effect of such kinetic uncertainties in NO predictions by propagating the uncertainties of 30 reactions that are both uncertain and important to NO formation, through the combustion model at engine-relevant pressures. Understanding the uncertainty sources in model predictions and their effect on emissions at these pressures is key in developing accurate thermochemical models to design future combustion chambers with any confidence. Lean adiabatic, freely propagating, laminar flames are therefore chosen to study the effect of parametric kinetic uncertainties. A nonintrusive, level 2, nested sparse-grid approach is used to obtain accurate surrogate models to quantify NO prediction intervals at various pressures. The forward analysis is carried up to 32 atm to quantify the uncertainty in emissions predictions to pressures relevant to the gas turbine community, which reveals that the NO prediction uncertainty decreases with pressure. After performing a reaction pathway analysis (RPA), this reduction is attributed to the decreasing contribution of the prompt-NO pathway to total emissions, as the peak CH concentration and the CH layer thickness decrease with pressure. In the studied lean condition, the contribution of the pressure-dependent N2O production route increases rapidly up to 10 atm before stabilizing toward engine-relevant pressures. The uncertain prediction ranges provide insight into the accuracy and precision of simulations at high pressures and warrant further research to constrain the uncertainty limits of kinetic rates to capture NO concentrations with confidence in early design phases.
Experimental Research of Diffusion Combustion and Emissions Characteristics Under Oxy-Fuel Combustion Mode
Authors: Kang Zhe , Wu Zhijun , Deng Jun , Hu Zongjie , Li Liguang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Internal combustion Rankine cycle (ICRC) concept implements oxy-fuel combustion, direct water injection (DWI), and waster heat recovery (WHR) into traditional Otto or diesel cycle to realize high thermal efficiency and low emission powertrain. In order to support ICRC realization, this paper is dedicated to investigate the feasibility of implementing oxy-fuel combustion into diffusion combustion which provides fundamental information for future compression ignition (CI)-ICRC engine. The prototype oxy-fuel diffusion combustion engine test bench is established based on a retrofitted diesel engine, and the O2/CO2 mixture intake system, high-pressure common rail fuel injection system, and high-performance electronic controller are designed and installed within engine test bench to investigate the combustion and emission characteristics under different intake oxygen fractions (OF), fuel injection durations, and fuel injection timing. The optimum intake OF and fuel injection strategies are acquired within the selected experimental conditions, a 41.1% brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and 1.2% coefficient of variation (CoV) is achieved utilizing 55% intake OF, 0.7 ms fuel injection duration and 352 °CA (after exchange top dead center (TDC)) fuel injection timing. The oxy-fuel diffusion combustion proved to be a feasible solution for simultaneously reduction in NOX and particulate emissions, and NOX emissions lower than 90 × 10−6 with particulate matters (PM) around 0.1 filter smoke number (FSN) is observed during engine bench testing. The result of this study provides fundamental information for future CI-ICRC prototype engine establishment and optimization, which also could be utilized as reference guidance for potential industrialization of internal combustion engine (ICE) with oxy-fuel combustion mode.
The Olympic-Wallowa lineament: A new look at an old controversy
Authors: Reidel Stephen P. , Fecht Karl R. , Hutter (Harrold) Ingrid L. , Tolan Terry L. , Chamness Mickie A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Olympic-Wallowa lineament (OWL) is an alignment of geologic structures extending nearly 650 km across the Pacific Northwest (PNW) and has been a controversial feature since it was first described nearly 80 years ago. It extends from the Olympic Peninsula–Puget Sound area of western Washington to the Wallowa Mountains of northeast Oregon, crossing through the Columbia Basin and forming the southern boundary of the Pasco and Walla Walla Basins. Within the Columbia Basin, the OWL is a wide zone that aligns with &gt;250 km of folds and faults that are part of the Yakima fold and thrust belt. Although the OWL is recognized to be active with deformation continuing from the Miocene to Recent, there are two competing end-member interpretations on the style of deformation: that of a major through-going, dextral strike-slip or oblique-slip fault and that of a series of thrusted anticlines. We focus on that portion of the OWL in the central Columbia Basin that extends from the Walla Walla River in northeast Oregon to Rattlesnake Mountain in central Washington. East of Wallula Gap, the OWL is expressed as the Wallula fault zone along the north flank of the Horse Heaven Hills anticline and the south fork of the Walla Walla River, while west of Wallula Gap, there are three structural alignments: the Rattlesnake-Wallula structural alignment, the Horse Heaven Hills–Badlands structural alignment, and the Horn Rapids–Badger Coulee structural alignment. Except for the Horse Heaven Hills anticline, the structural trends west of Wallula Gap mainly consist of a series of doubly plunging, northeast-verging anticlines. We demonstrate that the OWL consists of north-verging, thrusted anticlines whose orientation and structure are controlled by a basement fault without any evidence of strike-slip or significant oblique-slip fault movement since at least the middle Miocene. The difference in structural deformation of the portion of the OWL to the east of Wallula Gap versus that to the west appears to be controlled by the thickness of pre-basalt sediment within the central Columbia Basin and structures therein.