bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperhomocysteinemia and dyslipidemia in point mutation G307S of cystathionine β-synthase-deficient rabbit generated using CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Zhang Ting , Lu Rui , Chen Yibing , Yuan Yuguo , Song Shaozheng , Yan Kunning , Zha Yiwen , Zhuang Wenwen , Cheng Yong , Liang Jingyan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCongenital hyper-homocysteinemia (HHcy) is caused by a defective cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) gene, and is frequently associated with dyslipdemia. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the effect of mutatedCBSgene on circulating lipids using a rabbit model harboring a homozygous G307S point mutation inCBS.MethodsCRISPR/Cas9 system was used to edit theCBSgene in rabbit embryos. The founder rabbits were sequenced, and their plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and lipid profile were analyzed.ResultsSixCBS-knockout (CBS-KO) founder lines with biallelic modifications were obtained. Mutation inCBScaused significant growth retardation and high mortality rates within 6 weeks after birth. In addition, the 6-week oldCBS-KO rabbits showed higher plasma levels of Hcy, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to the age-matched wild-type (WT) controls. Histological analysis of the mutants showed accumulation of micro-vesicular cytoplasmic lipid droplets in the hepatocytes. However, gastric infusion of vitamin B and betaine complex significantly decreased the plasma levels of TG, TC and LDL-C in theCBS-KO rabbits, and alleviated hepatic steatosis compared to the untreated animals.ConclusionACBSG307Srabbit model was generated that exhibited severe dyslipidemia when fed on a normal diet, indicating that G307S mutation in theCBSgene is a causative factor for dyslipidemia.
What is the impact of rural-to-urban migration on exclusive breastfeeding: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Yin Xiao Han , Zhao Chen , Yang Yu Mei , Shi Hui Feng , Wu Tian Chen , Xie Jia Lei , Niu Jie Qiong , Wang Xiao Li , Fang Jin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
In China, less than one third of infants under 6 months of age are being exclusively breastfed. Maternal rural-to-urban migration contributes to these low rates of breastfeeding practices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of breastfeeding practices and associated factors among rural-to-urban migrant children and local children with infants aged 0–12 months in China, 2018.

Methods
Data were collected from a population-based cross-sectional survey in 2018 that included 6995 infants from eight urban areas (four metropolis and four medium sized/small cities) in China. The prevalence of breastfeeding practices was calculated using a 24-h recall questionnaire for all infants aged under 12 months. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between the prevalence of breastfeeding practices and maternal migrant status, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, mother-infant health information and supportive information. For exclusive breastfeeding, we further analyzed its association with maternal rural-to-urban migration, stratified by maternal education level, maternal resident place and maternal ethnicity, respectively.

Results
The overall prevalence of ever breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, predominant breastfeeding and age-appropriate breastfeeding (exclusive breastfeeding of infants under 6 months of age and complementary feeding from six to 12 months of age) was 97.51, 29.84, 59.89 and 45.07%, respectively. Rural-to-urban migrant children were less likely to be exclusively breastfed compared to local children (AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68, 0.95). Stratified by different sociodemographic variables, a negative association between exclusive breastfeeding and rural-to-urban migration was only found in the group with high education level, in the group living in metropolis and in the group of minorities, respectively.

Conclusions
The overall prevalence of breastfeeding practices was low in both rural-to-urban migrant children and local children. Besides common strategies, special approaches should be provided for urban highly educated migrants.
Coronaviruses and gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Luo Xi , Zhou Guan-Zhou , Zhang Yan , Peng Li-Hua , Zou Li-Ping , Yang Yun-Sheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effects of coronaviruses on the respiratory system are of great concern, but their effects on the digestive system receive much less attention. Coronaviruses that infect mammals have shown gastrointestinal pathogenicity and caused symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting. Available data have shown that human coronaviruses, including the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, mainly infect the respiratory system and cause symptoms such as cough and fever, while they may generate gastrointestinal symptoms. However, there is little about the relation between coronavirus and digestive system. This review specifically addresses the effects of mammalian and human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, on the digestive tract, helping to cope with the new virus infection-induced disease, COVID-19.
Biological versus non-biological dressings in the management of split-thickness skin-graft donor sites: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rahman Shafiq , Langridge Benjamin , Al-Hadad Ahmed , Khan Rehman Ali , Junejo Muhammad Hyder , Mosahebi Afshin 
Published: October 2020

Objective: There are currently no definitive guidelines regarding the management of split-thickness skin-graft (STSG) donor sites. The literature reports biological and non-biological dressings as the two main groups; however, there is no conclusive evidence regarding the ideal type. A systematic review and meta-analysis of existing clinical trials was performed to compare biological and non-biological dressings in managing STSG donor sites. Method: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement standards was used to conduct this study. Electronic databases including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched by two authors (SR and BL). Data analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3. Results: In total, 10 studies, consisting of eight randomised controlled trials and two observational assessments, were identified. Wound healing time was faster with biological dressings compared to non-biological dressings (mean difference -5.44 days; p<0.05). A higher epithelialisation rate was also noted for biological dressings. There was no difference in the infection rate between the two study groups (odds ratio [OR] 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15–1.04) or wound exudation (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.01–8.28). The pain level experienced during dressing changes in both groups was reported to be similar. Conclusion: The rate of epithelialisation and wound healing is greater for STSG donor sites when treated with biological dressings, but they offer no difference in terms of reducing pain, limiting infection or exudation.
Data-Driven Models for Canopy Temperature-Based Irrigation Scheduling
Authors: King Bradely A. , Shellie Krista C. , Tarkalson David D. , Levin Alexander D. , Sharma Vivek , Bjorneberg David L. 
Published: October 2020

HighlightsArtificial neural network modeling was used to predict crop water stress index lower reference canopy temperature.Root mean square error of predicted lower reference temperatures was &lt;1.1°C for sugarbeet and Pinot noir wine grape.Energy balance model was used to dynamically predict crop water stress index upper reference canopy temperature.Crop water stress index for sugarbeet was well correlated with irrigation and soil water status.Crop water stress idex was well correlated with midday leaf water potential of wine grape.Abstract. Normalized crop canopy temperature, termed crop water stress index (CWSI), was proposed over 40 years ago as an irrigation management tool but has experienced limited adoption in production agriculture. Development of generalized crop-specific upper and lower reference temperatures is critical for implementation of CWSI-based irrigation scheduling. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate data-driven models for predicting the reference canopy temperatures needed to compute CWSI for sugarbeet and wine grape. Reference canopy temperatures for sugarbeet and wine grape were predicted using machine learning and regression models developed from measured canopy temperatures of sugarbeet, grown in Idaho and Wyoming, and wine grape, grown in Idaho and Oregon, over five years under full and severe deficit irrigation. Lower reference temperatures (TLL) were estimated using neural network models with Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiencies exceeding 0.88 and root mean square error less than 1.1°C. The relationship between TLL minus ambient air temperature and vapor pressure deficit was represented with a linear model that maximized the regression coefficient rather than minimized the sum of squared error. The linear models were used to estimate upper reference temperatures that were nearly double the values reported in previous studies. A daily CWSI, calculated as the average of 15 min CWSI values between 13:00 and 16:00 MDT for sugarbeet and between 13:00 and 15:00 local time for wine grape, were well correlated with irrigation events and amounts. There was a significant (p &lt; 0.001) linear relationship between the daily CWSI and midday leaf water potential of Malbec and Syrah wine grapes, with an R2 of 0.53. The data-driven models developed in this study to estimate reference temperatures enable automated calculation of the CWSI for effective assessment of crop water stress. However, measurements taken under conditions of wet canopy or low solar radiation should be disregarded as they can result in irrational values of the CWSI. Keywords: Canopy temperature, Crop water stress index, Irrigation scheduling, Leaf water potential, Sugarbeet, Wine grape.
Irrigation Scheduling for Agriculture in the United States: The Progress Made and the Path Forward
Authors: Taghvaeian Saleh , Andales Allan A. , Allen L. Niel , Kisekka Isaya , O’Shaughnessy Susan A. , Porter Dana O. , Sui Ruixiu , Irmak Suat , Fulton Allan , Aguilar Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

HighlightsThe progress made in agricultural irrigation scheduling in the past ten years and the current challenges are discussed.The main scientific scheduling strategies are based on soil water status, plant characteristics, and crop modeling.Challenges include large time and data requirements and availability of decision support systems.Opportunities include integration of scheduling strategies and demonstrating their effectiveness through local studies.Abstract. Irrigation scheduling is the process of determining the appropriate amount and timing of water application to achieve desired crop yield and quality, maximize water conservation, and minimize possible negative effects on the environment, such as nutrient leaching below the crop root zone. Effective irrigation scheduling has been shown to save water, save energy, and help agricultural producers achieve improved yields and quality. However, scientific irrigation scheduling methods generally have remained limited to mostly research applications with relatively low adoption by irrigators. There are several main approaches to irrigation scheduling, including those based on soil water status, plant characteristics, and/or crop modeling. Each of these approaches has advantages as well as limitations and sources of uncertainty and variability, depending on application conditions. This article summarizes progress made in the U.S. in each of the main scheduling approaches in the past ten years (since the 2010 Decennial Irrigation Symposium) and existing challenges and opportunities that should be considered moving forward. This article is intended to guide future research and extension projects in improving adoption of scientific irrigation scheduling approaches. Keywords: Computer modeling, Plant characteristics, Soil water status.
Barriers to and Enablers of Abortion Provision for Family Physicians Trained in Abortion During Residency
Authors: Summit Aleza K. , Lague Ian , Dettmann Miranda , Gold Marji 
Published: October 2020

CONTEXTAlthough some family medicine residency programs include routine opt‐out training in early abortion, little is known about abortion provision by trainees after residency graduation. A better understanding of the barriers to and enablers of abortion provision by trained family physicians could improve residency training and shape other interventions to increase abortion provision and access.METHODSTwenty‐eight U.S. family physicians who had received abortion training during residency were interviewed in 2017, between two and seven years after residency graduation. The doctors, identified using databases of abortion‐trained physicians maintained by residency programs, were recruited by e‐mail. In phone interviews, they described their postresidency abortion provision experiences. All interviews were transcribed, coded and analyzed using Dedoose, and a social‐ecological framework was employed to guide investigation and analysis.RESULTSAlthough many of the physicians were motivated to provide abortion care, only a minority did so. Barriers to and enablers of abortion provision were found on all levels of the social‐ecological model—legal, institutional, social and individual—and included state‐specific laws and restrictions on federal funding; religious affiliation or policies prohibiting abortion within particular health systems; mentorship, colleagues’ support and the stigma of being an abortion provider; and geographic location, time management and individuals’ prioritization of abortion provision.CONCLUSIONSClinical training alone may not be sufficient for family medicine physicians to overcome the barriers to postresidency abortion provision. To increase abortion provision and access, organizations and advocates should work to strengthen enablers of provision, such as strong mentorship and support networks.
Theatricality in the Horror Film: A Brief Study on the Dark Pleasures of Screen Artifice, André Loiselle (2020)
Authors: Lonergan Meg D. 
Published: October 2020

Review of: Theatricality in the Horror Film: A Brief Study on the Dark Pleasures of Screen Artifice, André Loiselle (2020)
New York: Anthem Press, 121 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78527-128-1, h/bk, 95.64 CAD
Chemotherapy Use and Survival Among Young and Middle-Aged Patients With Gastric Cancer
Authors: Jiang Yuming , Xie Jingjing , Huang Weicai , Chen Hao , Xi Sujuan , Li Tuanjie , Chen Chuanli , Sun Zepang , Hu Yanfeng , Liu Wei , Yu Jiang , Zhou Zhiwei , Cai Shirong , Li Guoxin 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Treatments for young patients with gastric cancer (GC) remain poorly defined, and their effects on survival are uncertain. We aimed to investigate the receipt of chemotherapy by age category (18–49, 50–64, and 65–85 years) and explore whether age differences in chemotherapy matched survival gains in patients with GC.

METHODS:
Patients who were histologically diagnosed with GC were included from a Chinese multi-institutional database and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. There were 5,122 and 31,363 patients aged 18–85 years treated between 2000 and 2014, respectively. Overall survival and stage-specific likelihood of receiving chemotherapy were evaluated.

RESULTS:
Of the 5,122 and 31,363 patients in China and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result data sets, 3,489 (68.1%) and 18,115 (57.8%) were men, respectively. Younger (18–49 years) and middle-aged (50–64 years) patients were more likely to receive chemotherapy compared with older patients (65–85 years) (64.9%, 56.7%, and 45.4% in the 3 groups from the China data set). Among patients treated with surgery alone, a significantly better prognosis was found in younger and middle-aged patients than their older counterparts; however, no significant differences were found in overall survival among age subgroups in patients who received both surgery and chemotherapy, especially in the China data set. The survival benefit from chemotherapy was superior among older patients (all P < 0.0001) compared with that among younger and middle-aged patients in stage II and III disease.

DISCUSSION:
Potential overuse of chemotherapy was found in younger and middle-aged patients with GC, but the addition of chemotherapy did not bring about matched survival improvement, especially in the China data set.
Erratum to: Evaluation Performance of Pneumatic Dryer for Cassava Starch [18 (4): 216-223]
Authors: Editorial Reaktor 
Published: October 2020

Correction to: Reaktor (2018), 18 (4): 216-223 (doi: https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.18.04.216-223) An error appeared in the article entitled “Evaluation Performance of Pneumatic Dryer for Cassava Starch” published in Reaktor. In the published article the acknowledgement was:The authors would like to thank Widiantara, Maria Agustin Taolin and Dea Endah, Y. for supporting in preparation of materials this research. The acknowledgement of the article is corrected to be: none The original article can be access online at: https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.18.04.216-223 How to Cite This Article: Suherman and Hidayati, N. (2018), Evaluation Performance of Pneumatic Dryer for Cassava Starch, Reaktor, 18(4), 216-223,http://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.18.04.216-223. Permalink/DOI: http://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.20.03.159-159
Adam Smith: Radical Neo-Roman and Moderate Realist
Authors: Raekstad Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is long-standing disagreement about how radical Adam Smith should be taken to be. Recently, Jonathan Israel’s work on the enlightenment situates Smith as a moderate enlightenment thinker. This article challenges that assessment. Smith sees aristocrats as largely devoid of competence, wisdom, and virtue and thinks they do not wield significant political power in commercial societies. He is also highly critical of their economic power; and uses a neo-Roman concept of liberty to provide a powerful critique of slavery and feudalism. In so doing, he extends discussions of liberty and focuses them on economic relations in ways that prefigure labour republicanism. Finally, I show how these more radical commitments can be reconciled with his moderate proposals for political reform through his epistemology and realist anti-utopianism. These are aspects of Smith’s thought that are essential for understanding it correctly and have much to teach us today.
In silico identification of Capsicum type III polyketide synthase genes and expression patterns in Capsicum annuum
Authors: Kan Delong , Zhao Di , Duan Pengfei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStudies have shown that abundant and various flavonoids accumulate in chili pepper (Capsicum), but there are few reports on the genes that govern chili pepper flavonoid biosynthesis. Here, we report the comprehensive identification of genes encoding type III polyketide synthase (PKS), an important enzyme catalyzing the generation of flavonoid backbones. In total, 13, 14 and 13 type III PKS genes were identified in each genome of C. annuum, C. chinense and C. baccatum, respectively. The phylogeny topology of Capsicum PKSs is similar to those in other plants, as it showed two classes of genes. Within each class, clades can be further identified. Class II genes likely encode chalcone synthase (CHS) as they are placed together with the Arabidopsis CHS gene, which experienced extensive expansions in the genomes of Capsicum. Interestingly, 8 of the 11 Class II genes form three clusters in the genome of C. annuum, which is likely the result of tandem duplication events. Four genes are not expressed in the tissues of C. annuum, three of which are located in the clusters, indicating that a portion of genes was pseudogenized after tandem duplications. Expression of two Class I genes was complementary to each other, and all the genes in Class II were not expressed in roots of C. annuum. Two Class II genes (CA00g90790 and CA05g17060) showed upregulated expression as the chili pepper leaves matured, and two Class II genes (CA05g17060 and CA12g20070) showed downregulated expression with the maturation of fruits, consistent with flavonoid accumulation trends in chili pepper as reported previously. The identified genes, sequences, phylogeny and expression information collected in this article lay the groundwork for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of chili pepper flavonoid metabolism.
Compounding forms of inequality: Cape Verdean migrants’ struggles in education and beyond in Luxembourg
Authors: Tavares Bernardino 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper seeks to show how language, combined with other social variables, exacerbates migrants’ and their descendants’ struggles at school and beyond in Luxembourg. To a certain extent, the official trilingualism of Luxembourg – French, German and Luxembourgish – corresponds to an ‘elite multilingualism’ (Garrido 2017; Barakos and Selleck 2018) which defines who can access certain resources, e. g. education, work etc., and who can be left playing catch-up. The latter are those migrants who I here conceive asmultilinguals on the margins. The elitist system is a form of domination and power over those whose language repertoire is less valued. Migrants’ disadvantage is further impacted by other indicators of their identity that can go beyond their educational qualifications and language repertoireper se, such as their country of origin, ethnicity, race, gender, citizenship etc. Language intersects with other forms of disadvantage or privileges. From an ethnographic sociolinguistic perspective, drawing on interviews and participant observations, this paper will illustrate this intersection of language, race and ethnicity, and struggles from the ground-level educational realities and aspirations of Cape Verdean migrants and their descendants in Luxembourg. This helps cast light on the social organisation in Luxembourg and understand the effects of multilingualism in creating ‘abyssal lines’ (Santos 2007) between the nationals, certain European migrants, Lusophone and African migrants in terms of social and economic mobility.