bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serious non-fatal unintentional injuries among in-school adolescents in Sri Lanka: results from the 2016 Sri Lankan Global School-Based Health Survey
Authors: Wickramasinghe Sashimali , Gunawardena Nalika , Punyadasa Dhanusha , Gunawardena Shanthi , Wickramasinghe Champika , Lokubalasooriya Ayesha , Peiris Renuka , Senanayake Sameera 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Unintentional injuries among adolescents is a major public health problem the world over. A great majority of the annual deaths among adolescents is due to unintentional injuries; it is also the leading cause of death among adolescents in the world. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of injuries and their associated factors among school going adolescents aged 13-17 years using data from the most recent Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in Sri Lanka.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, among 3,262 adolescents attending government schools. The sample was selected through a two-staged cluster sampling technique. In the first stage, 40 schools were selected using probabilities proportional to school enrollment size, from all schools in the country that have classes in grades 8-12. Then, from the selected schools, classes were selected using systematic equal probability sampling with a random start. The weighted prevalence was calculated, and logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to determine the correlates.Results During the 12 months before the survey, 35.8% (95% CI-30.7 - 41.1) of the students reported being seriously injured one or more times. The injuries were more common among males, but were equally common among the two different age groups (13-15 age group vs 16-17 age group). The most common type of injury was cut or stab wounds (5.5%), followed by broken bones/dislocated joints (5.3%). Multivariable analysis revealed that only a few factors were associated with injury, such as being of the male sex, being bullied, being physically attacked, and/or being in a physical fight.Conclusion This study demonstrated that the prevalence of serious unintentional injuries among school going adolescents is a major public health problem in Sri Lanka. This timely and comprehensive survey would help policy makers and researchers identify the unmet needs related to adolescent injuries. Furthermore, evidence generated form the study should be given due consideration when designing school-based interventions to prevent adolescent injuries.
Influence of Orthodontic Treatment with Premolar Extraction on the Spatial Position of Maxillary Third Molars in Adult Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Cone-bean Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Pan Fangwei , Yang Zhentao , Wang Jian , Cai Ruilie , Liu Jialing , Zhang Chenghao , Liao Wen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Based on low-dose radiation Cone-bean computed tomography (CBCT) images, This study aims to establish a space coordinate system, which offers more precise and comparable evaluation on changes of maxillary third molars influenced by orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction in adults. The system suggests promising application prospect in future studies related to CBCT superimposition and evaluation for its feasibility and efficiency.Methods: Forty-nine maxillary third molars from 27 patients (mean age, 20.78 years) were included. CBCT images were obtained before and after orthodontic treatment with premolars extracted (mean treatment duration, 31.47 months). The changes in the position, angulation, and rotation of the third molars were evaluated with a space coordinate system using four landmarks: anterior nasal spine (ANS), posterior nasal spine (PNS), left and right orbitales.Results: After orthodontic treatment, the third molars moved forward (adjusted mean, 1.44 mm) (p < 0.001) and downward (adjusted mean, 2.87 mm) (p < 0.001) accompanied by outward rotation of the crowns (adjusted mean, 5.38°) (p = 0.001), while changes in angulation were insignificant.Conclusions: This was the first study to systematically investigate the spatial position change of maxillary third molars in adult patients who received orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction. During the process, maxillary third molars moved downward and forward accompanied by outward rotation of the crowns. Orthodontists should take tooth movement potential into consideration when making extraction plans.
Anthropometric changes in children under 7 years old in Nanjing, China from 1995 to 2015
Authors: Chen Ling , Chen Ying , Dong Jing , Li Xi Ling , Yao Tian Hong , Li Yue , Tong Mei Ling , Zhang Min 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: To date, there have been several reports about long-term changes in physical growth in children of different races around the world. However, limited studies on this change have been reported in Nanjing, China. We decided to assess long-term changes in body weight, length/height and head circumference in children (0-7 years old) in Nanjing over the past two decades from 1995 to 2015 and the relationship between socioeconomic development and the change of physical growth.Methods: The results for body weight, length/height and head circumference in 0-to 7-year-old children were obtained from three repeated cross-sectional surveys that were performed by using the same methods in the same urban and suburban areas of Nanjing in 1995, 2005 and 2015. The differences in mean values between urban and suburban boys and girls and the increases per decade were compared. Socioeconomic indicators were collected and analysed.Results: There was positive long-term growth in height and weight of children in Nanjing from 1995 to 2015, measurements increased 0.3-3.00 kg in weight and 1.0-3.8 cm in height for boys, 0.23-2.18 kg in weight and 1.3-3.6 cm in height for girls in urban areas (except children under 15 months), as well as 0.32-4.15 kg in weight and 1.1-7.4 cm in height for boys, 0.26-2.95 kg in weight and 1.2-6.3 cm in height for girls in suburban areas (except children under 8 months). Compared with the first decade, the changes of mean values in height and weight of urban children in the second decade were smaller. In contrast, the long-term change of suburban children still kept fast growth rate. Before 2.5 years old, negative increases in weight and height in urban children were observed in second decade. Urban-suburban difference of weight and height became smaller in 2015. The growth of head circumference from 1995 to 2015 underwent a small long-term change, especially of urban children. Conclusion: The increased long-term physical growth due to rapid social and economic development would disappear, and genetic potential might have been seen.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secreted-Prostaglandin E2 Ameliorates Acute Liver Failure via Attenuation Cell Death and Regulation of Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Wang Jinglin , Liu Yang , Ding Haoran , Shi Xiaolei , Ren Haozhen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) is an acute inflammatory liver disease with high mortality. Previous preclinical and clinical trials have confirmed that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a promising therapeutic approach, however the effect is not satisfied as the underlying molecular mechanisms of MSC in treating ALF remain unclear.Methods: MSC isolated from 4- to 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice were used to treat ALF. Histological and serological parameters were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of MSC. We explored the molecular mechanism of MSC in the treatment of ALF by detecting liver inflammatory response and hepatocyte death.Results: In this study, we found that therapeutic potential of MSC on ALF dependent on secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a bioactive lipid. MSC-derived PGE2 inhibited TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in liver macrophages to decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, macrophages in liver could be induced to anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages by MSC-derived PGE2 via STAT6 and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which then to promote inflammatory resolution and limit liver injury. Finally, administrating of EP4 antagonist significantly ameliorated the therapeutic ability of MSC, which promoted liver inflammation and decreased M2 macrophages.Conclusions: Our results indicate that PGE2 might be a novel important mediator of MSC on treating ALF, which through inhibiting liver inflammatory response and hepatocyte death.
Pathological Responses to Low-Dose Irradiation and Pepleomycin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma are Predictive of Locoregional Control
Authors: Katagiri Tomohiro , Ohyama Yoshio , Miyamoto Hideo , Egawa Yuki , Moriki Toshiaki , Hasegawa Kazuki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe prognosis of advanced oral cancer remains dismal. While multimodal therapy is beneficial, maintaining the quality of life of long-term survivors is important. Therefore, risk-adapted treatment regimens need to be designed. We herein investigated whether pathological responses in oral cancer patients treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy predict locoregional recurrence.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of 51 oral cancer patients who received preoperative radiotherapy and concurrent pepleomycin, followed by curative surgery at our institution between January 2009 and June 2018. Each patient received preoperative external beam irradiation to the primary tumor and lymphatics (2 Gy per day for approximately 3 weeks) concurrent with pepleomycin (2.5 mg/day). Surgery was performed approximately 3-4 weeks after the completion of preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Pathological responses were defined based on the grading system of Oboshi and Shimosato.ResultsEight, 22, 16, and 5 patients had Oboshi and Shimosato grades 2a, 2b, 3, and 4, respectively. Favorable pathological responses (grades 3 and 4) were observed in 41.2% of patients (21 out of 51 patients). The pathological response and number of pathological lymph node metastases were identified as signiﬁcant prognostic factors for locoregional control in the univariate analysis. Three-year locoregional control rates were 100% and 56.6% in patients with favorable and unfavorable pathological responses, respectively.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that pathological tumor responses to preoperative chemoradiotherapy are a useful predictive factor for locoregional control.
DeepEnzyPred: A Bi-Layered Deep Learning Framework for prediction of Bacteriophage Enzymes and their&nbsp;Sub-Hydrolases Enzymes via Novel Multi Level- Multi Thresholds Feature Selection technique
Authors: Wang Yu , KHAN ZAHEER ULLAH , Ali Shaukat , Hayat Maqsood 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBacteriophage or phage is a type of virus that replicates itself inside bacteria. It consist of genetic material surrounded by a protein structure. Bacteriophage plays a vital role in the domain of phage therapy and genetic engineering. Phage and hydrolases enzyme proteins have a significant impact on the cure of pathogenic bacterial infections and disease treatment. Accurate identification of bacteriophage proteins is important in the host subcellular localization for further understanding of the interaction between phage, hydrolases, and in designing antibacterial drugs. Looking at the significance of Bacteriophage proteins, besides wet laboratory-based methods several computational models have been developed so far. However, the performance was not considerable due to inefficient feature schemes, redundancy, noise, and lack of an intelligent learning engine. Therefore we have developed an anovative bi-layered model name DeepEnzyPred. A Hybrid feature vector was obtained via a novel Multi-Level Multi-Threshold subset feature selection (MLMT-SFS) algorithm. A two-dimensional convolutional neural network was adopted as a baseline classifier.ResultsA conductive hybrid feature was obtained via a serial combination of CTD and KSAACGP features. The optimum feature was selected via a Novel Multi-Level Multi-Threshold Subset Feature selection algorithm. Over 5-fold jackknife cross-validation, an accuracy of 91.6 %, Sensitivity of 63.39%, Specificity 95.72%, MCC of 0.6049, and ROC value of 0.8772 over Layer-1 were recorded respectively. Similarly, the underline model obtained an Accuracy of 96.05%, Sensitivity of 96.22%, Specificity of 95.91%, MCC of 0.9219, and ROC value of 0.9899 over layer-2 respectivily.ConclusionThis paper presents a robust and effective classification model was developed for bacteriophage and their types. Primitive features were extracted via CTD and KSAACGP. A novel method (MLMT-SFS ) was devised for yielding optimum hybrid feature space out of primitive features. The result drew over hybrid feature space and 2D-CNN shown an excellent classification. Based on the recorded results, we believe that the developed predictor will be a valuable resource for large scale discrimination of unknown Phage and hydrolase enzymes in particular and new antibacterial drug design in pharmaceutical companies in general.
A qualitative assessment of the sexual-health education, training and service needs of young adults in Tehran
Authors: Sheikhansari Narges , Abraham Charles , Denford Sarah , Eftekhar Mehrdad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Sexual Health and Relationships Education (SHRE) provides individuals with the knowledge and skills set which helps them to manage risky behaviors and take informed decisions and to protect themselves against STIs, risky behavior and unintended pregnancy. Such education is minimally provided in Iranian schools and universities and previous research has indicated demand and need for SHRE among different social groups. This study explored Iranian young adults’ sexual health education, training and service needs and ways to improve or augment the existing provision.Design and methods: A qualitative design was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 25 young adults who lived in Tehran, Iran and have volunteered to participate in our study. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Participants explained their need and demand for sexual health education and healthcare. They highlighted existing barriers such as lack of reliable resources, taboo and cultural barriers and lack of trust and protected confidentiality to gaining sexual health information and seeking related advice and healthcare. This has resulted in ambiguities and misconceptions, including those regarding the cause and transmission of STIs and correct use of contraceptions.They unanimously expressed their dissatisfaction with the limitedly available sexual health education and provided recommendations for an improved provision, including holding mixed gender extracurricular workshops with a comprehensive approach to sexual health and relationships education.Conclusions: There is a clear need and demand for provision of relevant and reliable sexual health and relationships education to young adults, which needs to be addressed in order for young adults to make informed choices and limit their risky sexual behavior.
Subcutaneous nanotherapy repurposes the immunosuppressive mechanism of rapamycin to enhance allogeneic islet graft viability
Authors: Burke Jacqueline , Zhang Xiaomin , Bobbala Sharan , Frey Molly , Fuentes Carolina , Haddad Helena , Allen Sean , Richardson Reese , Ameer Guillermo , Scott Evan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Oral rapamycin administration rapamycin is plagued by poor bioavailability and wide biodistribution. Thus, this pleotropic mTOR inhibitor has a narrow therapeutic window, numerous side effects and provides inadequate transplantation protection. Parental formulation was not possible due to rapamycin’s hydrophobicity (log P 4.3). Here, we demonstrate that subcutaneous rapamycin delivery via poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide)(PEG-b-PPS) polymersome (PS) nanocarriers modulates cellular biodistribution of rapamycin to change its immunosuppressive mechanism for enhanced efficacy while minimizing side effects. While oral rapamycin inhibits naïve T cell proliferation directly, subcutaneously administered rapamycin-loaded polymersomes (rPS) instead modulated Ly-6Clow monocytes and tolerogenic semi-mature dendritic cells, with immunosuppression mediated by CD8+ Tregs and rare CD4+ CD8+ double-positive T cells. As PEG-b-PPS PS are uniquely non-inflammatory, background immunostimulation from the vehicle was avoided, allowing immunomodulation to be primarily attributed to rapamycin’s cellular biodistribution. Repurposing mTOR inhibition significantly improved maintenance of normoglycemia in a clinically relevant, MHC-mismatched, allogeneic, intraportal (liver) islet transplantation model. These results demonstrate the ability of engineered nanocarriers to repurpose drugs for alternate routes of administration by rationally controlling cellular biodistribution.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Maternal and Perinatal Health: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kotlar Bethany , Gerson Emily , Petrillo Sophia , Langer Ana , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Maternal health is a critical public health issue, and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a multifaceted impact on the health and wellbeing of pregnant individuals and mothers. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to compile evidence on direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic on maternal health and provide an overview of the most significant outcomes thus far. Working papers and news articles were considered appropriate evidence along with peer-reviewed publications in order to capture rapidly evolving updates. Narrative descriptions were written about subject areas for which the authors found the most evidence.Results: While the search yielded numerous publications, most studies were methodologically weak. Pregnant individuals were not found to experience more severe symptoms than the general population, and intrauterine, vertical, and breastmilk transmission were unlikely. Labor, delivery, and breastfeeding guidelines for COVID-19 positive patients varied. Severe increases in maternal mental health issues, such as clinically relevant anxiety and depression, were reported. Domestic violence appeared to spike. Prenatal care visits decreased, healthcare infrastructure was strained, and potentially harmful policies implemented with little evidence. Women were more vulnerable to losing their income due to the pandemic than men, and working mothers struggled with increased childcare demands. Conclusion:Pregnant women and mothers were not found to be at higher risk for COVID-19 than the general population, however they seem to face disproportionate adverse socio-economic consequences. High income and low- and middle-income countries alike faced significant struggles. Further resources should be directed towards quality epidemiological studies.
Implementation strategy fidelity evaluation for a multidisciplinary Chest Injury Protocol (ChIP)
Authors: Kourouche Sarah , Curtis Kate , Munroe Belinda , Watts Michael , Balzer Sharyn , Buckley Tom 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBlunt chest wall injuries can lead to complications, especially without early intervention. A blunt chest injury protocol (ChIP) was developed to help improve consistency of evidence-based care following admission to emergency. Implementation strategy fidelity is the extent to which the strategies of implementation are delivered in line with the intended plan. The aim of this paper was to assess fidelity to the strategies of the implementation plan developed for ChIP. MethodsA retrospective evaluation of strategies used for implementation was performed, specifically the behaviour change techniques (BCTs). BCTs were used as part of an implementation plan derived based on the Behaviour Change Wheel from results from a staff survey at two hospitals. Levels of implementation or adaptation for BCTs were scored by implementers as follows; ‘Were the behaviour change interventions implemented?’ (0 = ‘not implemented’, 1 = partially-implemented, and 2 = fully-implemented); ‘Were adaptations made to the implementation plan?’. Scored 1 (many changes from plan) to 4 (just as planned). Free text explanation to their responses was also collected with supporting evidence and documentation (such as emails, implementation checklists, audit reports, and incident reports). ResultsThere was high overall fidelity of 97.6% for BCTs partially or fully implemented. More than three quarters (32/42, 76.2%) of the BCTs were fully-implemented with an additional 9/42 (21.4%) partially implemented. BCTs that were not fully implemented were social support, feedback on behaviour, feedback on outcomes of behaviour, adding objects to the environment, and restructuring the environment. The modes of delivery with poorer implementation or increased adaptations were clinical champions and audit/feedback.ConclusionsThis study advances implementation theory and research by presenting a novel method of evaluating implementation strategy fidelity, combining previously used methods. The systematic use and application of the behaviour change wheel was used to develop an implementation plan and was associated with high implementation strategy fidelity. A fidelity checklist developed during the implementation process may help implementers assess fidelity. Trial registration Trial registered on ANZCTR. Registration number ACTRN12618001548224, date approved 17/09/2018
A comparative study of phenomenological hysteretic models with application to recycled rubber-fibre reinforced bearings
Authors: Ravichandran Nagavinothini 
Published: November 2020

The present study investigates the capability of different hysteresis models in representing the nonlinear behaviour of Recycled Rubber-Fibre Reinforced Bearings (RR-FRBs). A recently developed class of uniaxial phenomenological models is considered along with the Bouc-Wen Model (BWM). In particular, Bilinear Model (BM) and Exponential Model (EM), belonging to the class of above-mentioned phenomenological models, are used. The restoring force-displacement loops of RR-FRBs obtained from the different models are compared with the experimental studies retrieved from the literature. These first results show that the EM not only can accurately predict the behaviour of RR-FRBs, but it also requires a significantly lower computational time. Furthermore, to investigate the capability of the models in predicting the complete response of base-isolated structures, nonlinear time history analyses are carried out on a base-isolated rigid block with RR-FRBs. The response time histories of the rigid block and the restoring force-displacement loops obtained by using the EM are found to be in close agreement with the results obtained by adopting the BWM. In addition, the EM computational time is only 0.25 % of BWM. This clearly demonstrates the efficiency of EM in the seismic response analyses of base-isolated structures with RR-FRBs.
jornais dos alunos do liceu maranhense (1907-1930)
Authors: Castro Cesar Augusto , Furtado Luciana Nathalia Morais , Castellnos Samuel Luís Velazquez 
Published: November 2020

Apresenta os discursos dos alunos liceístas nos jornais estudantis maranhenses no período de 1907 a 1930 a fim de identificar e analisar a dinâmica escolar e as representações sobre o cotidiano do ensino secundário.. Para tanto, este estudo baseia-se no mapeamento e na análise dos seguintes jornais: O Progresso (1907); O Brazil (1907); O Canhoto (1912-1914); Excelsior (1914); O Estudante (1915); Lábaro (1921); Alma Nova (1929) e o Sangue Jovem (1930). O estudo da imprensa periódica educacional liceísta possibilitou compreender as ideias sobre o desenvolvimento do país, a criação de escolas e a implantação de métodos na instrução pública secundária maranhense. Contatou-se que os jornais escritos pelos alunos do Liceu se configuraram como um importante veículo de identidade e de resistência entre o ideal e o concreto vivenciado pelos estudantes dessa instituição.