bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fishers and groupers (Epinephelus marginatus and E. morio) in the coast of Brazil: integrating information for conservation
Authors: Begossi Alpina , Salyvonchyk Svetlana , Glamuzina Branko , de Souza Shirley Pacheco , Lopes Priscila F. M. , Priolli Regina H. G. , do Prado Djalma Osmanir , Ramires Milena , Clauzet Mariana , Zapelini Cleverson , Schneider Daiana T. , Silva Luis T. , Silvano Renato A. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundGroupers are a vulnerable but economically important group of fish, especially for small-scale fisheries. We investigated catches and local ecological knowledge (LEK) of diet, habitat, and past fishing experiences.MethodsLandings, prices, interviews, and restaurants demand for two species,Epinephelus marginatus(dusky grouper) andEpinephelus morio(red grouper), were registered.ResultsWe visited 74 markets and 79 sites on the coast of Brazil in 2017–2018, and we interviewed 71 fishers: Bahia (NE), Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (SE), and Santa Catarina (S). The landings sampled of dusky grouper (2016–2017) in Rio de Janeiro were:n = 222, size 38–109 cm, weight 1–24 kg, average 3.84 kg; in São Paulo, São Sebastião were:n = 47, size 39–106 cm, weight 2–8 kg, average of 2.77 kg; and at Santos:n = 80, 26–120 cm, weight 0.36–15 kg, average 2.72 kg. Red grouper was observed in markets in the northeastern Brazil. We did not observeEpinephelus marginatusfrom Bahia northward; a maximum size of 200 cm was reported south of the Bahia, besides Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo coasts, 20 years ago (or longer) by 12 fishers. Local knowledge of fishers was important for grouper data of habitat and diet; the reproduction period was identified by fishers as September to March.ConclusionsGroupers can be considered as a cultural and ecological keystone species. We suggest protective measures: 1) fishing zoning, 2) islands (MPAs) with the surveillance of fishers, 3) late Spring and early Summer as key periods for management (grouper reproduction), 4) studies on grouper larvae, 5) mapping of fishing spots, 6) studies on local knowledge. Collaboration with small-scale fishers and local knowledge could contribute to low-conflict management measures. In that regard, integrative models of management from Latin America, by using local knowledge and citizen science, could produce successful grouper management for Brazilian data-poor fisheries, a contrasting reality to the Mediterranean areas. Finally, the distribution ofE. marginatusin Brazil leave us with questions: a) Have dusky groupers disappeared from Bahia because of a decline in the population? b) Was it uncommon in Northeast Brazil? c) Did changes in water temperatures forced a movement southward?
Readiness to change among involuntarily and voluntarily admitted patients with substance use disorders
Authors: Opsal Anne , Kristensen Øistein , Clausen Thomas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHealth care workers in the addiction field have long emphasised the importance of a patient’s motivation on the outcome of treatments for substance use disorders (SUDs). Many patients entering treatment are not yet ready to make the changes required for recovery and are often unprepared or sometimes unwilling to modify their behaviour. The present study compared stages of readiness to change and readiness to seek help among patients with SUDs involuntarily and voluntarily admitted to treatment to investigate whether changes in the stages of readiness at admission predict drug control outcomes at follow-up.MethodsThis prospective study included 65 involuntarily and 137 voluntarily admitted patients treated in three addiction centres in Southern Norway. Patients were evaluated using the Europ-ASI, Readiness to Change Questionnaire (RTCQ), and Treatment Readiness Tool (TReaT).ResultsThe involuntarily admitted patients had significantly lower levels of motivation to change than the voluntarily admitted patients at the time of admission (39% vs. 59%). The majority of both involuntarily and voluntarily admitted patients were in the highest stage (preparation) for readiness to seek help at admission and continued to be in this stage at discharge. The stage of readiness to change at admission did not predict abstinence at follow-up. The only significant predictor of ongoing drug use at 6 months was SUD severity at baseline.ConclusionsThe majority of involuntarily admitted patients scored high on motivation to seek help. Their motivation was stable at a fairly high level during their stay, and even improved in some patients. Thus, they were approaching the motivation stage similar to the voluntarily admitted patients at the end of hospitalization. Therapists should focus on both motivating patients in treatment and adapting the treatment according to SUD severity.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00970372. Registered 1 September 2008,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00970372. The trial was registered before the first participant was enrolled. The fist participant was enrolled September 02, 2009.
Association between Epstein-Barr virus and Thymic epithelial tumors: a systematic review
Authors: Zhang Guofei , Yu Zipu , Shen Gang , Chai Ying , Liang Chengxiao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The possible role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the pathogenesis of thymic epithelial tumors (TET) remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of EBV in TET. We conducted a systematic review of relevant English-language studies published between January 1980 and December 2013. Effect size was calculated as event rates (95% confidence interval [CI]) by homogeneity testing using Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics for benign TET, benign TET with myasthenia gravis (MG), and thymic carcinoma (TC). Among 136 potentially relevant studies, 22 met the inclusion criteria. Despite a considerable degree of heterogeneity, the pooled estimated incidences were 9% (95% CI, 1–23%), 20% (95% CI, 0–54%), and 6% (95% CI, 0–21%) for benign TET, benign TET with MG, and TC, respectively. There was significant heterogeneity among studies that used in situ hybridization (ISH) for both benign TET and benign TET with MG. According to the random-effects model, studies employing ISH yielded lower point estimates of EBV prevalence (5%) than those employing other methods (33%). Using the random-effects model, we found a lack of significant heterogeneity among studies from different geographic regions (p = 0.0848). Further, 12 of 23 lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) cases tested EBV-positive. The prevalence of EBV in benign TET with or without MG was lower than in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, suggesting that EBV plays a minor role in TET pathogenesis. Although the prevalence of EBV in TC was also low, EBV may play an important causal role in LELC. Further research is needed to clarify these associations.
Prenatal diagnosis of 4953 pregnant women with indications for genetic amniocentesis in Northeast China
Authors: Dai Rulin , Yu Yang , Xi Qi , Hu Xiaonan , Zhu Haibo , Liu Ruizhi , Wang Ruixue 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Several different technologies are used for prenatal screening procedures and genetic diagnostic technologies. We aimed to investigate the rates of chromosomal abnormalities in cases with different abnormal prenatal indications and to determine the relationships between fetal chromosomal abnormalities and indicators of prenatal abnormalities in Northeast China.

Methods
We evaluated 4953 16- to 23-week singleton gestation cases using amniocentesis and a total of 3583 participants received serological screening. Fetal chromosomal analyses were performed for all samples using fluorescence in situ hybridization and karyotyping.

Results
Among these samples, 204 (4.12%) had fetal chromosomal abnormalities. A total of 3583 participants received serological screening, among whom 102 (2.85%) exhibited positive results. A total of 309 participants had ultrasonography; 42 (13.6%) of these had abnormalities. Among 97 participants who had non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), 59 (61%) had positive results. Among 1265 participants with advanced maternal age, 78 (6.2%) had abnormal results.

Conclusion
The serological screening and NIPT that were included in the prenatal screening methods all had false positive and false negative rates. Although they are both prenatal screening techniques, maternal serum screening cannot be replaced by NIPT. The pregnancy women should accept NIPT in a qualified prenatal diagnostic center. We recommend that pregnant women at high or critical risk undergoing prenatal screening should confirm the fetal karyotype through amniocentesis. Moreover, if women receive a positive result via NIPT, they should not have a pregnancy termination without undergoing further prenatal diagnosis.
Effect of tranexamic acid on mortality in patients with haemoptysis: a nationwide study
Authors: Kinoshita Takahiro , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Ogura Hiroshi , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough tranexamic acid is widely used in patients with haemoptysis, whether it improves mortality has not been well investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tranexamic acid on in-hospital mortality among patients with haemoptysis.MethodsThis was a retrospective study using data from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database. We identified all cases of emergency admission due to haemoptysis from July 2010 to March 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: a control group, and a tranexamic acid group (those who received tranexamic acid on the day of admission). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, with secondary outcomes of hospital stay length and total healthcare cost. The data were evaluated using a propensity score matching analysis.ResultsAmong 28,539 included patients, 17,049 patients received tranexamic acid and 11,490 patients did not. Propensity score analysis generated 9933 matched pairs. Compared to the control group, patients in the tranexamic acid group had significantly lower in-hospital mortality (11.5% vs. 9.0%; risk difference, − 2.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI), − 3.5 to − 1.6%), shorter hospital stays (18 ± 24 days vs. 16 ± 18 days; risk difference, − 2.4 days; 95% CI, − 3.1 to − 1.8 days), and lower total healthcare costs ($7573 ± 10,085 vs. $6757 ± 9127; risk difference, $− 816; 95% CI, $− 1109 to − 523).ConclusionsTranexamic acid may reduce in-hospital mortality among patients with haemoptysis requiring emergency admission.
Low-flow assessment of current ECMO/ECCO2R rotary blood pumps and the potential effect on hemocompatibility
Authors: Gross-Hardt Sascha , Hesselmann Felix , Arens Jutta , Steinseifer Ulrich , Vercaemst Leen , Windisch Wolfram , Brodie Daniel , Karagiannidis Christian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) uses an extracorporeal circuit to directly remove carbon dioxide from the blood either in lieu of mechanical ventilation or in combination with it. While the potential benefits of the technology are leading to increasing use, there are very real risks associated with it. Several studies demonstrated major bleeding and clotting complications, often associated with hemolysis and poorer outcomes in patients receiving ECCO2R. A better understanding of the risks originating specifically from the rotary blood pump component of the circuit is urgently needed.

Methods
High-resolution computational fluid dynamics was used to calculate the hemodynamics and hemocompatibility of three current rotary blood pumps for various pump flow rates.

Results
The hydraulic efficiency dramatically decreases to 5–10% if operating at blood flow rates below 1 L/min, the pump internal flow recirculation rate increases 6–12-fold in these flow ranges, and adverse effects are increased due to multiple exposures to high shear stress. The deleterious consequences include a steep increase in hemolysis and destruction of platelets.

Conclusions
The role of blood pumps in contributing to adverse effects at the lower blood flow rates used during ECCO2R is shown here to be significant. Current rotary blood pumps should be used with caution if operated at blood flow rates below 2 L/min, because of significant and high recirculation, shear stress, and hemolysis. There is a clear and urgent need to design dedicated blood pumps which are optimized for blood flow rates in the range of 0.5–1.5 L/min.
Recruitment effort and costs from a multi-center randomized controlled trial for treating depression in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Myers Barbara A. , Pillay Yegan , Guyton Hornsby W. , Shubrook Jay , Saha Chandan , Mather Kieren J. , Fitzpatrick Karen , de Groot Mary 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Participant recruitment for clinical trials is a significant challenge for the scientific research community. Federal funding agencies have made continuation of funding of clinical trials contingent on meeting recruitment targets. It is incumbent on investigators to carefully set study recruitment timelines and resource needs to meet those goals as required under current funding mechanisms. This paper highlights the cost, labor, and barriers to recruitment for Program ACTVE II, a successful multisite randomized controlled trial of behavioral treatments for depression in adults with type 2 diabetes, conducted in rural and urban settings in three states.

Methods
Quantitative and qualitative data on recruitment were gathered from study staff throughout the study recruitment period and were used to calculate costs and effort. The study utilized two main approaches to recruitment: (1) relying on potential participants to see ads in the community and call a toll-free number; and (2) direct phone calls to potential participants by study staff.

Results
Contact was attempted with 18,925 people to obtain the enrolled sample of 140. The cost of recruitment activities during the 4.5-year recruitment period totaled $190,056, an average cost of $1358 per enrolled participant. Qualitative evaluations identified multiple barriers to recruitment.

Conclusions
Recruitment for Program ACTIVE II exemplifies the magnitude of resources needed to reach recruitment targets in the current era. Continuous evaluation, flexibility, and adaptation are required on the part of investigators, community partners, and funding agencies to successfully reach high-risk populations in rural and urban areas.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03371940. Registered on 13 December 2017.
Early rheumatoid arthritis is characterised by a distinct and transient synovial fluid cytokine profile of T cell and stromal cell origin
Authors: Raza K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A study by Raza et al., published in this journal in 2005, identified that RA patients, within 3 months of symptom onset, had a synovial fluid cytokine profile that was distinct from that of patients with other inflammatory arthritides of similarly short duration. This profile, which was transient, was characterised by cytokines of stromal and T cell origin. These findings suggested that the first few months after symptom onset were associated with changes in the early RA joint that differed from those operating at later stages. The significance of this paper’s methodological approach and its findings, and how they relate to subsequent literature, are discussed.
Under nutrition as a predictor of poor academic performance; the case of Nekemte primary schools students, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Seyoum Dejene , Tsegaye Reta , Tesfaye Amanuel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
Though gradual improvements are exist; Ethiopia’s learning outcomes are still low in primary schools. Academic achievement of school age children can be affected by several factors such as nutritional status, socio-economic and demographic factors. The aim of this study was to assess predictors of poor academic performance in Nekemte Primary school students, Western Ethiopia.

Results
A total of 362 schoolchildren and their parents were involved in the study. The study involved interviewing the participants and their parents, anthropometric measurement of participants and their document review. The prevalence of stunting and underweight was 30.2% and 45.9% respectively. Of the total study participants, 32.2% of them were poor in academic achievement. Variables like Being underweight (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.57; 95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.23–0.82), Skipping breakfast (AOR: 2.1; 95% CI 1.42–5.76), stunting (AOR: 0.66; 95% CI 0.12–0.93), being male (AOR: 2.8; 95% CI 1.79–4.52), participants whom mothers didn’t attend formal education (AOR: 0.62; 95% CI 0.37–0.92) were significantly associated with academic performance. Thus, Modifiable factors like under nutrition should be a great concern to improve the overall achievement of children in schooling.
Eliciting dose is associated with tolerance development in peanut and cow’s milk allergic children
Authors: Nitsche C. , Westerlaken-van Ginkel C. D. , Kollen B. J. , Sprikkelman A. B. , Koppelman G. H. , Dubois A. E. J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Tolerance development rates differ between food allergies. Almost all previous studies have not used the gold standard method, the double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC), which may affect the reported prevalence rates. Little is known about the association of the eliciting dose (ED) obtained during the initial DBPCFC with later tolerance development.

Methods
This was a retrospective, tertiary care study of children who had a positive DBPCFC to either peanut, milk or egg, and at least one follow-up food challenge (open or DBPCFC) with the same food. The association between ED and negative (tolerant) follow-up food challenge outcome was analyzed by logistic regression, with adjustment for confounders. Suspected confounders were initial DBPCFC test characteristics, atopic comorbidities and serum specific IgE (sIgE) levels.

Results
In 47 peanut allergic children, tolerance developed in 27.7% (median follow-up duration of 43 months). In 80 milk (follow-up 23 months) and 55 egg (follow-up 37 months) allergic children, tolerance developed in 55.0% and 65.5%. The ED obtained during the initial DBPCFC was significantly associated with tolerance development in peanut and milk allergy, but not in egg allergy.

Conclusion
Approximately 1 out of 4 children with DBPCFC confirmed peanut allergy developed tolerance, compared to more than half of the children with milk or egg allergy, respectively. Tolerance development in peanut and milk allergy is significantly associated with ED at initial DBPCFC.
Ultra-short-term wind speed forecasting based on support vector machine with combined kernel function and similar data
Authors: He Jian , Xu Jingle 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The accuracy of wind power prediction is very important for the stable operation of a power system. Ultra-short-term wind speed forecasting is an effective way to ensure real-time and accurate wind power prediction. In this paper, a short-term wind speed forecasting method based on a support vector machine with a combined kernel function and similar data is proposed. Similar training data are selected based on the wind tendency, and a combination of two kinds of kernel functions is applied in forecasting using a support vector machine. The forecasting results for a wind farm in Ningxia Province indicate that a combination of kernel functions with complementary advantages outperforms each single function, and forecasting models based on grouped wind data with a similar tendency could reduce the forecasting error. Furthermore, more accurate wind forecasting results ensure better wind power prediction.
Quantifying the contribution of microbial immigration in engineered water systems
Authors: Mei Ran , Liu Wen-Tso 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Immigration is a process that can influence the assembly of microbial communities in natural and engineered environments. However, it remains challenging to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of this process to the microbial diversity and function in the receiving ecosystems. Currently used methods, i.e., counting shared microbial species, microbial source tracking, and neutral community model, rely on abundance profile to reveal the extent of overlapping between the upstream and downstream communities. Thus, they cannot suggest the quantitative contribution of immigrants to the downstream community function because activities of individual immigrants are not considered after entering the receiving environment. This limitation can be overcome by using an approach that couples a mass balance model with high-throughput DNA sequencing, i.e., ecogenomics-based mass balance. It calculates the net growth rate of individual microbial immigrants and partitions the entire community into active populations that contribute to the community function and inactive ones that carry minimal function. Linking activities of immigrants to their abundance further provides quantification of the contribution from an upstream environment to the downstream community. Considering only active populations can improve the accuracy of identifying key environmental parameters dictating process performance using methods such as machine learning.
Tracers for non-invasive radionuclide imaging of immune checkpoint expression in cancer
Authors: Wierstra Peter , Sandker Gerwin , Aarntzen Erik , Gotthardt Martin , Adema Gosse , Bussink Johan , Raavé René , Heskamp Sandra 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors demonstrates impressive improvements in the treatment of several types of cancer. Unfortunately, not all patients respond to therapy while severe immune-related adverse effects are prevalent. Currently, patient stratification is based on immunotherapy marker expression through immunohistochemical analysis on biopsied material. However, expression can be heterogeneous within and between tumor lesions, amplifying the sampling limitations of biopsies. Analysis of immunotherapy target expression by non-invasive quantitative molecular imaging with PET or SPECT may overcome this issue. In this review, an overview of tracers that have been developed for preclinical and clinical imaging of key immunotherapy targets, such as programmed cell death-1, programmed cell death ligand-1, IDO1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 is presented. We discuss important aspects to consider when developing such tracers and outline the future perspectives of molecular imaging of immunotherapy markers.

Graphical abstract
Current techniques in immune checkpoint imaging and its potential for future applications