bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomes derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow, and umbilical cord blood for cardioprotection after myocardial infarction
Authors: Xu Huiyu , Wang Zhongchao , Liu Longmei , Zhang Baoxia , Li Bao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential for improving cardiac function following myocardial infarction (MI). This study was performed to explore the cardioprotection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), and umbilical cord blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCBMSCs) for myocardium in rats after MI. MI models were established in rats, which were injected with PBS, BMMSCs, ADMSCs, and UCMSCs. Cardiac function was detected by ultrasonic cardiogram. TTC staining, TUNEL staining, and immunohistochemistry were adopted to determine infarction area, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and microvascular density (MVD), respectively. Exosomes were derived from BMMSCs, ADMSCs, and UCBMSCs, and identified by morphological observation and CD63 expression detection. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were isolated and cultured with hypoxia, subjected to PBS and exosomes derived from BMMSCs, ADMSCs, and UCMSCs. Flow cytometry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine NRCM apoptosis and the levels of angiogenesis‐related markers (VEGF, bFGF, and HGF). According to ultrasonic cardiogram, BMMSCs, ADMSCs, and UCMSCs facilitated the cardiac function of MI rats. Furthermore, three kinds of MSCs inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis, infarction area, and increased MVD. NRCMs treated with exosomes derived from BMMSCs, ADMSCs, and UCMSCs reduced the NRCM apoptosis and promoted angiogenesis by increasing levels of VEGF, bFGF, and HGF. Notably, exosomes from ADMSCs had the most significant effect. On the basis of the results obtained from this study, exosomes derived from BMMSCs, ADMSCs, and UCBMSCs inhibited the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and promoted angiogenesis, thereby improving cardiac function and protecting myocardium. Notably, exosomes from ADMSCs stimulated most of the cardioprotection factors.
Atherosclerosis‐associated endothelial cell apoptosis by miRNA let7‐b‐mediated downregulation of HAS‐2
Authors: Zhu Lijie , Li Qingman , Qi Datun , Niu Fangqing , Li Qingmin , Yang Honghui , Gao Chuanyu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in the regulation and pathophysiology of various types of human diseases including atherosclerosis. Increasing numbers of miRNAs have been identified to be important regulators in the progression of atherosclerosis by regulating gene expression. However, functional miRNAs and the underlying mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis need fully elucidation. In the present study, the function of miRNA let‐7b was investigated in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The results showed that downregulation of let‐7b in the high‐fat diet mice and HAECs was inversely correlated with the expression level of HAS‐2. upregulation of let‐7b significantly reduced apoptosis of HAECs. The results also revealed that HAS‐2 was a target gene of let‐7b and HAS‐2 reduction reversed the antiapoptotic effect of let‐7b through regulation of the P13K/Akt pathway. These results together suggest the potential of regulating the let‐7b expression and endothelial apoptosis against development and progression of atherosclerosis.
Individual and perceived community determinants of sense of community: The role of universalistic values
Authors: Mannarini Terri , Rochira Alessia , Ciavolino Enrico , Salvatore Sergio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch on the determinants of the psychological sense of community (PSoC) is of particular importance to community interventions. A cross‐sectional study involving 778 residents in an Italian local community explored through a mediation model the effects on PSoC of an individual cultural variable that has been scarcely investigated in PSoC research, that is, values–specifically, universalism–, and a perceived contextual variable, that is, the assessment of community services (a component of residential satisfaction). Results showed that universalism increased PSoC both directly and indirectly, having an effect also on the evaluation of community services, which, in comparison to values, showed a greater direct impact on PSoC. Limitations and implications for community interventions are discussed.
Leaf and stem micromorphology of Byrsonima sericea DC. by light and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Silva Anauara L. e , de Lima Terceiro Lucas E. , de Lima Matheus F. , Costa‐Silva Rafael , dos Santos Ednalva A. V. , Agra Maria de Fátima 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicromorphological studies were carried out using multiple microscopic techniques on the leaves and stem bark of Byrsonima sericea DC. (Malpighiaceae), a species popularly known as “murici” and used medicinally, in order to identify both qualitative and quantitative features of leaf and stem anatomy and histochemistry as differential parameters to support both the quality control of its ethnodrugs and the taxonomy of the genus. The study was conducted using traditional techniques of plant anatomy, histochemical tests, and the stomatal index (SI). Byrsonima sericea has hypostomatic leaves, anomocytic stomata, and its epidermal walls are anticlinal and straight on the adaxial and curved on the abaxial faces. T‐shaped trichomes were observed mainly on the abaxial surface. The leaf epidermis showed waxes syntopism on both surfaces, with the occurrence of different crystalloid forms on a single phylloplane. The mesophyll is dorsiventral, with 3‐4 collateral vascular bundles. Phenolic compounds, starch, and proteins were identified in the petiole and stem. The SI was 14.5 ± 0.53% (p < .05), but did not showed significant variations. A set of characters were found to be distinctive for the studied species, however, constituting parameters that could be used to separate B. sericea from other species of the genus.
Design of phenanthrimidazole‐pendant cyclam and cyclen macrocyclic complex ligands as inorganic hosts: Photophysics, electrochemistry, and bimetallic complex formation
Authors: Yilmaz Obali Aslihan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNovel ruthenium(II)bpy complexes of the phenanthrimidazole‐pendant cyclen and cyclam macrocyclic ligands were synthesized as inorganic host molecules. Inorganic host design was planned as a “complex ligand” form because of its tetraaza macrocyclic unit, which has the ability to coordinate to the metals. Photophysical properties and metal selectivity of inorganic hosts RuL1A and RuL2 complex ligands were investigated by UV‐vis and fluorescence spectroscopy in aqueous medium. Among Ag(I), Li(I), Na(I), K(I), Cd(II), Cr(II), Fe(II), Hg(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Mn(III), and Co(III) metal ions, Fe(II) addition causes spectral changes for both RuL1A and RuL2 complex ligands. Electrochemical studies were performed for RuL1B and also for cis‐[Ru(bpy)2Cl2]. Bimetallic complexes [[Ru(bpy)2([Ni(2‐(4‐((1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecan‐1‐yl)methyl)phenyl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline])](ClO4)4, RuL1‐NiA and [Ru(bpy)2([Ni(2‐(4‐((1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecan‐1‐yl)methyl)phenyl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline])]Cl4, RuL1‐NiB solid complexes were also obtained by the reaction of the RuL1B and Nickel(II).
An efficacious synthesis of N‐1–, C‐3–substituted indole derivatives and their antimicrobial studies
Authors: Jain Palak , Utreja Divya , Sharma Poonam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA novel series of 11 C‐3– and N‐1–substituted oxoacetamide indole derivatives were synthesized by reacting with various aromatic amines and alkyl halides. These compounds were characterized by using various spectral techniques, ie, 1HNMR, 1HNMR‐D2O, 13CNMR, UV, elemental analysis, IR, and mass spectrometery. In vitro, antimicrobial studies of resultant compounds were carried out against two bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans using disc plate method. All the tested compounds showed vital efficiency as antimicrobial agents against both the bacterial strains. The results revealed that synthesized indole derivative 2‐(1‐(3‐bromopropyl)‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐N‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐oxoacetamide displayed the best antimicrobial activity as compared with all other synthesized compounds.
High HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among transgender women in China: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Yan Hongjing , Xiao Wenjing , Chen Yunting , Chen Yuanfang , Lin Jessica , Yan Zihan , Wilson Erin , McFarland Willi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionTransgender women may face the highest prevalence of HIV of any population, experiencing a disproportionate burden of disease frequently confirmed in surveys throughout the developing and developed world. However, few studies have been conducted specifically for transgender women in China. This study aimed to measure HIV prevalence and explore risk factors for infection in a diverse sample of Chinese transgender women to help advocate for prevention and care interventions for this population.MethodsFrom July 2018 to May 2019, we adapted a respondent‐driven sampling (RDS) approach to recruit a diverse sample of 250 transgender women through chains of peer referrals in two cities of eastern China, Nanjing and Suzhou. Eligible participants (i.e. 18 years of age or older, living in Jiangsu province and assigned male sex at birth but currently self‐identified as a gender different from male) completed a self‐administered questionnaire on a mobile phone to collect demographic characteristics and risk behaviours and underwent HIV testing.Results and discussionThe survey sample was young (82% under age 35 years), with 28.8% having a university degree, 39.2% reporting work at entertainment venues, 47.6% ever having taken hormones and 6.4% being diagnosed with an STI in the last year. One in five (20.8%) reported having engaged in sex work. HIV prevalence was 14.8% (95% CI 10.6 to 19.8), with 75.6% of those testing HIV positive reporting they were already aware of their serostatus. In multivariate analysis, HIV prevalence was significantly higher among transgender women above the age of 24 years, those who work at entertainment venues, who never have taken hormones, and who had been diagnosed with an STI in the last year.ConclusionsThe prevalence of HIV among transgender women in our study, at 14.8%, is among the highest detected in any population in eastern China. Chinese transgender women may therefore follow the disparity in the burden of HIV noted worldwide. Data support policies to prioritize transgender women for HIV testing outreach, for in‐depth research to better understand the specific drivers of infection in this population, and for trans‐friendly HIV care and prevention programmes to address their specific needs.
Whole‐Liver Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Analysis for the Diagnosis and Staging of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Zheng You , Xu Yong‐Sheng , Liu Zhao , Liu Hai‐Feng , Zhai Ya‐Nan , Mao Xiao‐Rong , Lei Jun‐Qiang 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundConventional diffusion‐weighted imaging is limited in the quantitative evaluation of liver fibrosis, and whole‐liver apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis might contribute to the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis.PurposeTo explore the value of whole‐liver ADC histogram parameters in the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationTwenty individuals with no liver disease and 86 patients with liver fibrosis, including 30 with chronic viral hepatitis, 29 with autoimmune hepatitis, and 27 with unexplained liver fibrosis patients.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T/T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, and diffusion‐weighted images.AssessmentA region of interest (ROI) was drawn in each slice of the diffusion‐weighted images. Whole‐liver histogram parameters were obtained with dedicated software by accumulating all ROIs. The effectiveness of the parameters in differentiating stage 1 or greater (≥F1), stage 2 or greater (≥F2), and stage 3 or greater (≥F3) liver fibrosis was assessed.Statistical TestsMann–Whitney U‐test and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsKurtosis, entropy, skewness, mode, and 90th and 75th percentiles exhibited significant differences among the pathological fibrosis stages (P < 0.05). Kurtosis was found to be the most meaningful parameter in differentiating fibrosis stages of the viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and unexplained liver fibrosis group (area under the curve) (AUC = 0.793, 0.771, 0.798, respectively). In the combined liver fibrosis group, kurtosis achieved the highest AUC (0.801; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.702–0.900; sensitivity: 0.750; specificity: 0.850; positive likelihood ratio: 4.953; negative likelihood ratio: 0.302; positive predictive value: 0.946; negative predictive value: 0.486), with a cutoff value of 1.817, in differentiating fibrosis stage ≥F1.Data ConclusionKurtosis, entropy, skewness, mode, and 90th and 75th percentiles may contribute to the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis, especially kurtosis.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1745–1754.
Early prediction of neoadjuvant treatment outcome in locally advanced breast cancer using parametric response mapping and radial heterogeneity from breast MRI
Authors: Drisis Stylianos , El Adoui Mohammed , Flamen Patrick , Benjelloun Mohammed , Dewind Roland , Paesmans Mariane , Ignatiadis Michail , Bali Maria , Lemort Marc 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundEarly prediction of nonresponse is essential in order to avoid inefficient treatments.PurposeTo evaluate if parametrical response mapping (PRM)‐derived biomarkers could predict early morphological response (EMR) and pathological complete response (pCR) 24–72 hours after initiation of chemotherapy treatment and whether concentric analysis of nonresponding PRM regions could better predict response.Study TypeThis was a retrospective analysis of prospectively acquired cohort, nonrandomized, monocentric, diagnostic study.PopulationSixty patients were initially recruited, with 39 women participating in the final cohort.Field Strength/SequenceA 1.5T scanner was used for MRI examinations.AssessmentDynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MR images were acquired at baseline (timepoint 1, TP1), 24–72 hours after the first chemotherapy (TP2), and after the end of anthracycline treatment (TP3). PRM was performed after fusion of T1 subtraction images from TP1 and TP2 using an affine registration algorithm. Pixels with an increase of more than 10% of their value (PRMdce+) were corresponding nonresponding regions of the tumor. Patients with a decrease of maximum diameter (%dDmax) between TP1 and TP3 of more than 30% were defined as EMR responders. pCR patients achieved a residual cancer burden score of 0.Statistical TestsT‐test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and logistic regression were used for the analysis.ResultsPRM showed a statistical difference between pCR response groups (P < 0.01) and AUC of 0.88 for the prediction of non‐pCR. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that PRMdce+ and Grade II were significant (P < 0.01) for non‐pCR prediction (AUC = 0.94). Peripheral tumor region demonstrated higher performance for the prediction of non‐pCR (AUC = 0.85) than intermediate and central zones; however, statistical comparison showed no significant difference.Data ConclusionPRM could be predictive of non‐pCR 24–72 hours after initiation of chemotherapy treatment. Moreover, the peripheral region showed increased AUC for non‐pCR prediction and increased signal intensity during treatment for non‐pCR tumors, information that could be used for optimal tissue sampling.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1403–1411.
Noninvasive Monitoring of the Response of Human Lungs to Low‐Dose Lipopolysaccharide Inhalation Challenge Using MRI: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Kern Agilo L. , Biller Heike , Klimeš Filip , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Gutberlet Marcel , Renne Julius , Müller Meike , Holz Olaf , Wacker Frank , Hohlfeld Jens M. , Vogel‐Claussen Jens 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundDevelopment of antiinflammatory drugs for lung diseases demands novel methods for noninvasive assessment of inflammatory processes in the lung.PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI, 1H T1 time mapping, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) perfusion MRI for monitoring the response of human lungs to low‐dose inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge compared to inflammatory cell counts from induced‐sputum analysis.Study TypeProspective feasibility study.PopulationTen healthy volunteers underwent MRI before and 6 hours after inhaled LPS challenge with subsequent induced‐sputum collection.Field Strength/Sequences1.5T/hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI: Interleaved multiecho imaging of dissolved and gas phase, ventilation imaging, dissolved‐phase spectroscopy, and chemical shift saturation recovery spectroscopy. 1H MRI: Inversion recovery fast low‐angle shot imaging for T1 mapping, time‐resolved angiography with stochastic trajectories for DCE MRI.AssessmentDissolved‐phase ratios of 129Xe in red blood cells (RBC), tissue/plasma (TP) and gas phase (GP), ventilation defect percentage, septal wall thickness, surface‐to‐volume ratio, capillary transit time, lineshape parameters in dissolved‐phase spectroscopy, 1H T1 time, blood volume, flow, and mean transit time were determined and compared to cell counts.Statistical TestsWilcoxon signed‐rank test, Pearson correlation.ResultsThe percentage of neutrophils in sputum was markedly increased after LPS inhalation compared to baseline, P = 0.002. The group median RBC‐TP ratio was significantly reduced from 0.40 to 0.31, P = 0.004, and 1H T1 was significantly elevated from 1157.6 msec to 1187.8 msec after LPS challenge, P = 0.027. DCE MRI exhibited no significant changes in blood volume, P = 0.64, flow, P = 0.17, and mean transit time, P = 0.11.Data ConclusionHyperpolarized 129Xe dissolved‐phase MRI and 1H T1 mapping may provide biomarkers for noninvasive assessment of the response of human lungs to LPS inhalation. By its specificity to the alveolar region, hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI together with 1H T1 mapping adds value to sputum analysis.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1669–1676.
Advances and Promises of Nutritional Influences on Natural Bone Repair
Authors: Roberts Joseph L. , Drissi Hicham 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTImpaired fracture healing continues to be a significant public health issue. This is more frequently observed in aging populations and patients with co‐morbidities that can directly influence bone repair. Tremendous progress has been made in the development of biologics to enhance and accelerate the healing process; however, side‐effects persist that can cause significant discomfort and tissue damage. This has been the impetus for the development of safe and natural strategies to hasten natural bone healing. Of the many possible approaches, nutrition represents a safe, affordable, and non‐invasive strategy to positively influence each phase of fracture repair. However, our understanding of how healing can be hindered by malnutrition or enhanced with nutritional supplementation has lagged behind the advancements in both surgical management and the knowledge of molecular and cellular drivers of skeletal fracture repair. This review serves to bridge this knowledge gap as well as define the importance of nutrition during fracture healing. The extant literature clearly indicates that pre‐existing nutritional deficiencies should be corrected, and nutritional status should be carefully monitored to prevent the development of malnutrition for the best possible healing outcome. It remains unclear, however, whether the provision of nutrients beyond sufficiency has any benefit on fracture repair and patient outcomes. The combined body of pre‐clinical studies using a variety of animal models suggests a promising role of nutrition as an adjuvant therapy to facilitate fracture repair, but extensive research is needed, specifically at the clinical level, to clarify the utility of nutritional interventions in orthopedics. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:695‐707, 2020
Detection and characterization of olmutinib reactive metabolites by LC–MS/MS: Elucidation of bioactivation pathways
Authors: Attwa Mohamed W. , Kadi Adnan A. , Abdelhameed Ali S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOlmutinib (Olita™) is an orally bioavailable third generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Olmutinib was approved in South Korea in May 2016 for the treatment of patients suffering from locally advanced or metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor T790M mutation‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer. Reactive olmutinib intermediates may be responsible for the severe side effects associated with the treatment. However, literature review revealed no previous reports on the structural identification of reactive olmutinib metabolites. In this work, the formation of reactive olmutinib metabolites in rat liver microsomes was investigated. Methoxylamine, glutathione, and potassium cyanide were used as capturing agents for aldehyde, iminoquinones, and iminium intermediates, respectively. The stable complexes formed were identified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The major phase I metabolic pathway observed in vitro was hydroxylation of the piperazine ring. Seven potential reactive intermediates were characterized, including three iminium ions, three iminoquinones, and one aldehyde. Based on the findings, various bioactivation pathways were postulated. Hence, identifying the reactive intermediates of olmutinib that may be the cause of severe side effects can provide new insights, leading to improved treatments for patients.
Application of capillary electrophoretic methods for the analysis of plant phloem and xylem saps composition: A review
Authors: Melicherová Natália , Řemínek Roman , Foret František 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPlant vascular tissue is essential for the exchange of water, nutrients, metabolic products, and signals among distant organs in cormophytes. The compositions of phloem and xylem saps are highly dependent on many internal and external factors, and thus their analysis provides a valuable insight into plant physiology, growth, and development as well as nutrition status or presence of biotic or abiotic stresses. Capillary electrophoresis characterized by highly efficient separations and minuscule sample requirements represents a suitable analytical technique for this purpose because the sap constitutes a complex mixture with generally minimal availability. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of published capillary electrophoretic methods for the analysis of primary components present in the phloem and xylem saps of higher plants.