bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive prenatal testing: what an obstetrician needs to know
Authors: Mangla Mishu 
Published: November 2020

No field in obstetrics has seen such fast advancement, as the field of prenatal screening and diagnosis. A wide variety of tests are available today, and this at times becomes confusing both for the patient and the treating doctor that which screening test would be best suited in the given circumstances. Non-invasive prenatal screening, with its numerous advantages is rapidly becoming the test of first choice, especially in the affording set of population. Although, the test has a very high sensitivity and a very good positive predictive value, this too suffers from some disadvantages which should be clear to the obstetrician ordering the test. A good knowledge about the test, the ideal target population in which this should be offered as the primary screening tool and limitations of the test should be known to all practicing obstetricians and primary health care providers. The current review aims to provide a simplified and updated knowledge regarding non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), its major advantages and disadvantages and summarizes the role of ultrasound in patients with negative NIPT.
Efecto de longitud silábica en español
Authors: Difalcis Micaela , Ferreres Aldo , Abusamra Valeria 
Published: November 2020

Los modelos cognitivos de doble ruta de lectura apoyan la existencia de dos vías: la léxica que opera con palabras completas y permite el acceso directo desde la ortografía a la semántica y a la pronunciación; y la subléxica que funciona de manera analítica convirtiendo, mediante reglas de correspondencia, cada uno de los grafemas en el fonema correspondiente. Numerosas investigaciones concluyen que el efecto de longitud constituye un índice de gran utilidad para el estudio de los mecanismos que subyacen a la lectura. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar el efecto de longitud a partir del análisis de los tiempos de reacción. Para esto, se evaluaron 84 estudiantes universitarios con una tarea de lectura en voz alta de palabras y no-palabras de distinta longitud. Se llevó a cabo un análisis por sujeto (F1) y un análisis por estímulo (F2) que arrojaron efecto de longitud estadísticamente significativo y, además, se observó una interacción significativa con el tipo de estímulo. Estos hallazgos constituyen evidencias convergentes con la asunción de la existencia de dos procedimientos de lectura en lenguas de ortografía transparente como el español.
Wędrowni pracownicy. Szkic o pracy migrantów
Authors: Romaniszyn Krystyna 
Published: November 2020

Niniejszy artykuł jest szkicem o pracy w warunkach migracji pracowniczych. Punkt wyjścia i ramy tego szkicu wyznacza refleksja o pracy inspirowana przez dotyczące tej kwestii encykliki papieskie. Skupia się ona wokół następujących, kolejno podejmowanych w szkicu, zagadnieniach: praca jako wartość, praca jako obowiązek, praca jako społeczne tworzywo i spoiwo oraz ranga pracy.
Ewolucja roli polskich organizacji emigracyjnych po powstaniu styczniowym (do roku 1880)
Authors: Kiper Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Niniejszy artykuł omawia zmieniające się funkcje organizacji polskich na emigracji po roku 1864. Po upadku powstania styczniowego dokonały się zasadnicze zmiany w sposobach organizowania się zbiorowości wychodźczych. Przestał w tym czasie dominować model organizacji politycznych i konspiracyjnych, w ich miejsce przywódcy emigracyjni zakładali towarzystwa samopomocowe, podatkowe, zawodowe, oświatowe i filantropijne. W każdym z krajów Europy Zachodniej proces rozwoju tych organizacji przebiegał jednak inaczej i był uzależniony od warunków ustrojowych i społecznych, w jakich przyszło żyć Polakom. Najbardziej dynamicznie rozwijały się towarzystwa w Niemczech i Szwajcarii, najtrudniej na Wyspach Brytyjskich. Osobno omówiono także rozwój organizacyjny towarzystw polskich w Stanach Zjednoczonych do roku 1880. Dotychczasowy stan badań nad tymi organizacjami może stanowić podstawę do wyodrębnienia nowego obszaru studiów nad emigracją polską drugiej połowy XIX wieku.
Analisis Kualitas Layanan Rumah Susun Sederhana Sewa (Rusunawa) Semeru dengan Menggunakan Metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA)
Authors: Mawardi Yovita Inggar , Wulandari Ratri , Istiqomah Gusti Kinanti Wahyu , Susila Rheynaldi Lintang , Hendriavi Aulia Ilecsi 
Published: November 2020

Perumahan merupakan kebutuhan dasar yang sangat penting bagi kelangsungan hidup masyarakat. Perumahan dan permukiman yang bagus dapat meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan pemerataan kesejahteraan rakyat. pengadaan rumah susun adalah salah satu alternatif untuk menangani permasalahan kebutuhan perumahan dan permukiman yang ada di kota yang cenderung memiliki peningkatan penduduk yang cukup pesat. Rumah susun merupakan solusi alternatif yang cukup efektif karena pembangunan rumah susun dapat menghemat penggunaan tanah, membuat peremajaan kota bagi daerah yang kumuh, dan memberikan bantuan terhadap Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah. Kebutuhan hunia untuk masyarakat yang berpenghasilan rendah (MBR) semakin terua meningkat, untuk mengatasi permasalahan hunian bagi masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah, salah satu kebijakan dan strategi Pemerintah Kota Probolinggo dalam membantu masyarakat untuk menyediakan tempat tinggal bagi keluarga kurang mampu adalah dengan adanya penyediaan Rumah Susun (Rusunawa) Semeru. Dengan adanya Rusunawa diharapkan mampu memberikan hunian yang nyaman dan layak untuk bisa meningkatkan kualitas hidup penghuni Rusunawa. Namun, fungsi dari rusunawa tersebut kenyataannya belum tercapai karena hanya melihat bentuk fisik dari rusunawa tanpa melihat persepsi dan kebutuhan sarana prasarana dari penghuni. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa terdapat variabel – variabel sarana prasarana yang belum optimal dikarenakan tidak terawat dan pengelolaannya masih belum optimal, berdasarkan analisis tingkat kepuasan masyarakat penghuni rusunawa dihasilkan strategi untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan. Dengan strategi tersebut diharapakan bisa terealisasi dan dapat menunjang keberlangsungan kehidupan yang lebih baik lagi untuk penghuni Rusunawa Semeru.
Correlation Between Diabetes Mellitus and Clinical Outcome of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Underwent Percutaneus Coronary Intervention Therapy in Dr Soetomo Surabaya Hospital
Authors: Alanna Sari Pratikto  , I Gde Rurus Suryawan  , Andrianto  , Purwo Sri Rejeki  
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Coronary heart diseases continue to be the rising cause of mortality amongst Indonesian population, alongside with the increasing number of diabetic patients. The first line management of ACS is percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), however previous have shown that diabetic patients have worse outcomes after therapy compared to non-diabetic patients. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes between acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with diabetes and those without diabetes following percutaneus coronary intervention therapy.
Methods: This study used cross sectional observational approach collecting records of ACS patients that underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in RSUD Dr Soetomo Surabaya from January 2018 to December 2019. Data regarding a patient’s age, gender, diabetic status, location of lesion, revascularization status, and clinical outcome were collected. Those with missing or incomplete data were excluded from the study. A total of 55 patients were included and analyzed,
Results: amongst 55 patients that underwent PCI observed, 23 were diabetic and 32 were non-diabetic. Study has shown that diabetic patients have higher mortality rate compared to those without diabetes (6 patients vs. 1 patient, p=0,072) however based on the result analysis the p value of >0,05 showed no significant relationship between patients’ diabetic status and the clinical outcome following PCI therapy. Study has also shown that diabetic patients are more likely to undergo staged PCI (56,5%), than total revascularization PCI.
Conclusion: Study has found that diabetic ACS has a higher mortality rate compared to those without diabetes, however analitycal studies found no significant relationship between the two variables. Further studies should be performed with higher number of patients to accurately investigate the relationship between diabetes melitus and PCI outcomes.
Shungite application for treatment of drinking water – is it the right choice?
Authors: Jurgelane Inga , Locs Janis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Shungite is a natural carbon containing material that is widely used in water treatment. Scientific research shows that shungite has good adsorption properties towards various organic compounds and heavy metals, as well as exhibiting antibacterial properties. Unfortunately, at the same time shungite releases various chemical elements into the water, including heavy metals. In this study changes in concentration of various heavy metals during drinking water treatment with one commercial and one non-commercial shungite sample were determined. Also sorption of Cu(II) with initial concentration of 2,500 μg/L onto shungite was investigated. The results showed that various heavy metals like nickel, copper, lead, cadmium, zinc, chromium and arsenic are leaching from shungite into water. Lead and cadmium exceeded the maximum acceptable concentration in drinking water for a few days, but nickel exceeded for up to 2 weeks. At the same time shungite showed good adsorption properties towards copper. Nevertheless, before using shungite in drinking water treatment, it would be advisable to assess the necessity and/or wash shungite with larger volumes of water for a longer period of time than is written in the instructions.
Assessment of immunohematological, hematological and biochemical responses in cultivable fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to an antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX)
Authors: Iftikhar Nazish , Hashmi Imran 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a member of the sulfonamides group of antibiotics which is used extensively in aquaculture throughout the world. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was used as the bioindicator to assess the toxicity potential of SMX. Effects were based on chronic toxicity of environmentally relevant dosages of 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/L of SMX for 28 days. Cytotoxicity through hematology and biochemistry showed a dose–response relationship. Numerous variations were recorded in blood profile and biochemical parameters in SMX-exposed groups when compared to control. Hemoglobin, platelet, and erythrocyte levels were significantly decreased. Leukocyte level was significantly increased with values ranging from 131 to 303 (×103/μL). Changes in biochemical indices: glucose, total protein, and triglycerides showed biphasic trend, but alanine transaminase secretion was significantly increased from 25.13 to 204 U/L at higher concentration compared to control, suggesting liver damage. Spectrophotometric nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay showed that respiratory burst activity increased as a function of SMX dose and exposure time (0.48–1.33 absorbance) ultimately leading to reduction in immunity. The present study highlights that prolonged exposure of SMX affects biochemistry, hematology, and immunohematology of fish and these biomarkers act as an effective tool for environmental risk assessment of drugs in the aquatic environment.
Irrigation water pricing policies and water resources management
Authors: Parween Fakeha , Kumari Pratibha , Singh Ajai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs water is a state subject in India, an enormous variation of irrigation water pricing across the states is noticed. Revenue collection under irrigation water charges of the states is not encouraging. The present paper reviews the structures of water pricing mechanism in different states of India and suggests a way to achieve sustainable water resources management in India. Various reports, water policy documents, and major recommendations of the irrigation commission were reviewed and analyzed. It was observed that low revenue collection is mainly due to the low rate of water taxes, no periodic revision, and flaws in the current revenue collection mechanism across the states. The water regulatory authority should be made a statutory body to manage various water uses and their fair pricing. A volumetric pricing system can be implemented in wells and tube-well-irrigated areas and for surface irrigation, and this requires considerable investment in irrigation water supply infrastructure and development of operational plans. Until a well-developed volumetric system comes into practice, the current system of revenue assessment and collection must be rationalized and simplified. An appropriate power tariff policy for rural areas and inclusion of the irrigation sector in a ground water conservation fee is required.
Water quality impact from shrimp farming effluents in a tropical estuary
Authors: Bull E. G. , Cunha C. de L. da N. , Scudelari A. C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Shrimp farms cause environmental impacts in coastal ecosystems, compromising water quality by discharging effluents rich in nutrients and organic matter. The impacts of shrimp farming are often investigated by the unit effect of a farm. In this study, a harvest time series generator is used to analyze the impact of the synergistic effect of several shrimp farm harvests in a tropical estuary. Two other scenarios with harvests concentrated during spring and neap tides were also analyzed, showing waste management techniques that can reduce the impact of shrimp aquaculture on coastal areas. A hydrodynamic circulation and water quality model were implemented to evaluate the dispersion of pollutants using different discharge combinations. The harvesting scenarios were compared to a scenario without the activity. Results indicate that shrimp farming is not the main anthropogenic source of pollution in the estuary studied. There were no significant differences in the average and maximum variations in nutrient and organic matter concentrations between the different management techniques.
Is Biotechnological Next-Generation Therapeutics Promising Enough in Clinical Development to Treat Advanced Colon Cancer?
Authors: Malayaperumal Sarubala , Sriramulu Sushmitha , Banerjee Antara , Makalakshmi M.K. , Pathak Surajit 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide
with about 1.2 million new cases identified annually. While considering swift progress in the
field of molecular biology, new horizons in the treatment approaches have been materialized in colon
cancer with conventional methods being replaced with targeted therapies.

Methods:
In this review, we focused on the existing conventional therapies utilized for colon cancer
by comparing the effectiveness of various standard/conventional therapies with respect to overall
survival parameter. Regardless of all the conventional treatments and scientific research, the disease
remains to be the one of the major cause of cancer related death and rising as societal burden due to
its co morbidities. Thus, we have also discussed briefly in this review, all the possible biotechnological
next-generation therapeutics including nucleic acid medicines, CRISPR-Cas9 technology, adoptive
cell therapy, cancer stem cells and therapy, gut microbiome, and personalized medicines, which
might be promising after effective clinical trials.

Results:
From our study, we suggest that the use of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in resected patients
was found to be safe and effective therapy in treating colon cancer and thereby improving
overall survival in patients. From considering the total estimate of our meta-analysis plot, we state
that the existing therapies are not much satisfying to improve the overall survival and more research
has to be carried out in this field to find an effective therapy to treat colon cancer.

Conclusions:
As existing therapies are not much satisfying and are unable to improve the overall
survival, we brought together a diversity of possible approaches focusing on biotechnological nextgeneration
therapeutics to treat colon cancer. Hence, various multi-disciplinary choices are mandatory
in order to provide patients with distended access to tailored treatments.
Is Flow Diversion the Death of Simple Coiling or Stent-assisted Coiling? A Single-center Experience
Authors: Austerman Ryan J. , Sadrameli Saeed S. , Guerrero Jaime R. , Wong Marcus , Diaz Orlando , Klucznik Richard , Zhang Yi J. , Britz Gavin 
Published: November 2020

Background::
Since the introduction of endovascular methods to treat cerebral
aneurysms, several technical advances have allowed a greater number of aneurysms to be treated
endovascularly as opposed to open surgical clipping. These include flow diverting stents, which do
not utilize coils and instead treat aneurysms by acting as an “internal bypass.” We sought to investigate
whether flow diversion is replacing coiling at our institution.

Methods::
A retrospective chart review on five years of data was conducted to investigate the possible
increasing use of flow diversion devices compared to traditional simple or stent-assisted coiling.

Results::
Over five years, the population revealed a trend toward an increased proportion of female
patients, increased frequency of basilar tip and internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm location, increased
hospital volume, and increased volume of patients treated by dual-trained neurosurgeons
over interventional radiologists. Patients were stratified by aneurysm location and statistically significant
differences were observed. Flow diversion devices were used with increasing frequency
when treating aneurysms arising from the proximal internal carotid artery (Odds ratio (OR)=1.24,
95% CI: 1.02-1.50; p = 0.03), and middle cerebral artery (OR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.38-4.88; p = 0.003).
Distal internal carotid artery aneurysm location came close to achieving statistical significance
(OR=1.3, 95% CI: 0.99-1.72; p = 0.063).

Conclusion::
In our single center experience at Houston Methodist Hospital, flow diversion devices
are being used more frequently for aneurysms arising from the proximal ICA, MCA, and likely distal
ICA (though this third location barely failed to achieve statistical significance.
Xanthine Oxidase and Transforming Growth Factor Beta-activated Kinase 1: Potential Targets for Gout Intervention
Authors: Basnet Rajesh , Khadka Sandhya , Basnet Buddha Bahadur , Basnet Til Bahadur , Chidi Buddhi Bal , Nirala Sanjeev , Gupta Radheshyam , Sharma Bidur 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Gout, inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium
urate crystals into affected joints and other tissues, has become one of the major health problems of
today's world. The main risk factor for gout is hyperuricemia, which may be caused by excessive
or insufficient excretion of uric acid. The incidence is usually in the age group of 30- 50 years, commonly
in males. In developed countries, the incidence of gout ranges from 1 to 4%. Despite effective
treatments, there has been an increase in the number of cases over the past few decades.

Objective:
In recent years, the development of targeted drugs in gout has made significant achievements.
The global impact of gout continues to increase, and as a result, the focus of disease-modifying
therapies remains elusive. In addition, the characterization of available instrumental compounds
is urgently needed to explore the use of novel selective and key protein-ligand interactions
for the effective treatment of gout. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a key target in gout to consider the
use of XO inhibitors in patients with mild to moderate condition, however, the costs are high, and
no other direct progress has been made. Despite many XO inhibitors, a selective potent inhibitor
for XO is limited. Likewise, in recent years, attention has been focused on different strategies for
the discovery and development of new selectivity ligands against transforming growth factor beta-
activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a potential therapeutic target for gout. Therefore, the insight on human
XO structure and TAK1 provides a clue into protein-ligand interactions and provides the basis
for molecular modeling and structure-based drug design.

Conclusion:
In this review, we briefly introduce the clinical characteristics, the development of
crystal, inhibitors, and crystal structure of XO and TAK1 protein.
Extraction Procedures and Analytical Methods for the Determination of Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B and Crystal Violet - An Overview
Authors: Hakami Afnan A.H. , Wabaidur Saikh M. , Khan Moonis A. , AlOthman Zeid A. , Siddiqui Masoom R. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Dyes have been a blessing to the mankind owing to its numerous applications in several industries
ranging from the textile, food, pharmaceuticals, paper, leather and many more. Al the same time these dye poses a
problem for mankind if they exceed their limit. This review is all about the determination and extraction of dyes in
different matrices.

Introduction:
Methylene blue, rhodamine B and crystal violet are the three dyes discussed in this review article. All the
three discussed dyes are cationic in nature and poses a threat to the human health if not detected and proper remediation
step be taken if exceeding the limit.

Methods:
The review article mentioned different analytical methods and different extraction techniques involved in the
determination of dyes.

Results:
Almost all the analytical methods reported involve proper extraction of the analyte which too finds a place in this
review article. Spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods are cost effective method although the former is less
sensitive than the later. LC method and LC MS method are capable of simultaneously determining a number of dyes

Conclusion:
This review article also offers a compilation of different mobile phase combinations that has been used for
the quantitative analysis of these three dyes. The article also contains listing of different solvents for the liquid-liquid
extraction and different types of the sorbent materials used during solid phase extraction of the reviewed dyes.
Study on the Interaction of 4'-Hydroxychalcones and their Mannich Derivatives with Calf Thymus DNA by TLC and Spectroscopic Methods, a DNA Cleavage Study
Authors: Rozmer Zsuzsanna , Bernardes Aline , Pérez Caridad N. , Perjési Pál 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Phenolic Mannich bases derived from hydroxychalcones show remarkable cytotoxic potencies towards cancer cell lines. However, the exact mechanism of action is still partially uncleared.

Objective:
Interaction of two hydroxychalcones and their Mannich derivatives with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) has been investigated.

Methods:
Thin-layer chromatography and UV-Vis spectroscopic method were used for studying the interaction. The binding constant has been determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometric titration. The DNA cleavage activity of the compounds was studied by agarose gel electrophoresis.

Results:
Interaction of the compounds with ctDNA exhibited relatively high intrinsic binding constant (4-5x104 M-1). The results indicate existence of weak, non-covalent interactions between the investigated derivatives with ctDNA. Some compounds showed a slight DNA cleavage activity with pBR322.

Conclusion:
The obtained results provide additional knowledge on the previously documented cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines of the hydroxychalcones and their Mannich-derivatives.