bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hurry up! The role of supervisors’ time urgency and self‐perceived status for autocratic leadership and subordinates’ well‐being
Authors: Briker Roman , Walter Frank , Cole Michael S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study examines the connections among supervisors’ time urgency, their leadership behavior, and subordinate outcomes. Integrating cognitive perspectives on time urgency with contemporary thinking on the psychological experience of status, we reason that supervisors’ time‐urgent personality relates positively with their autocratic leadership behavior, and we cast supervisors’ self‐perceived status as a moderator of this linkage. Moreover, we enrich this leader‐centric perspective with a complementary, more follower‐centric view, recognizing that the consequences of supervisors’ time urgency likely extend beyond their own behavior to indirectly affect their subordinates’ well‐being at work. We tested our hypotheses using a field sample of 60 supervisors and 277 of their subordinates. Results indicate that (a) supervisors with higher time urgency are more likely to exhibit autocratic leadership behavior when they also perceive themselves as having relatively high status among subordinates, but not when perceiving lower status, and (b) supervisors’ time urgency exhibits a conditional indirect effect (via autocratic leadership) on subordinates’ work stress and time pressure experiences. Hence, this study illustrates an important boundary condition for the consequences of supervisors’ time urgency, and it demonstrates that this personality characteristic not only shapes supervisors’ leadership behavior but also affects the subordinates they are charged with leading.
Detection of graft fibrosis by vibration‐controlled transient elastography in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Costa Peter , Kogan‐Liberman Debora , Rudolph Bryan , Silver Ellen , Ewart Michelle , Raizner Aileen , Cunningham Ryan , Ovchinsky Nadia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPediatric liver transplant recipients are at risk of developing graft fibrosis which can affect patient survival. VCTE is a non‐invasive tool that measures LSM and has been shown to correlate with hepatic fibrosis. The aim of this study was to therefore evaluate the ability of LSM to predict fibrosis in pediatric liver transplant recipients with different graft types. We performed a cross‐sectional study evaluating LSM of 28 pediatric liver transplant recipients who underwent a total of 20 liver biopsies within 1 month of LSM. LSM was compared to liver histology as well as graft type: WL or PL. The median LSM of all post‐transplant patients was 5.6 kPa (range = 2.7‐18.3). There was a statistically significant correlation between LSM and METAVIR fibrosis score (P = .001) and LAF score (P < .001). There was no difference in LSM between graft type (P = .088). The AUROC curve for LSM predicting any significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2) was 0.863. A cutoff value of 7.25 had a sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 100%, NPV of 87%, and PPV of 100% for significant fibrosis. LSM by VCTE is feasible in pediatric liver transplant recipients regardless of graft type. We found a significant correlation between LSM and hepatic fibrosis and established a cutoff value that may help determine which patients warrant further evaluation for graft fibrosis.
Immunogenetics in systemic lupus erythematosus: Transitioning from genetic associations to cellular effects
Authors: Hagberg Niklas , Lundtoft Christian , Rönnblom Lars 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous rheumatic autoimmune disease. Genetic studies have identified up to 100 SLE risk loci. Many of these encode proteins of importance in the immune system, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these associations are still elusive. In this review, we will highlight some of the SLE risk loci where mechanistic insights have been achieved recently by linking genetic risk polymorphisms to cellular or molecular phenotypes important for the disease process.
Step by step: Association of device‐measured daily steps with all‐cause mortality—A prospective cohort Study
Authors: Hansen Bjørge Herman , Dalene Knut Eirik , Ekelund Ulf , Wang Fagerland Morten , Kolle Elin , Steene‐Johannessen Jostein , Tarp Jakob , Alfred Anderssen Sigmund 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionWalking is free, does not require special training, and can be done almost everywhere. Therefore, walking is a feasible behavior on which to tailor public health messages. This study assesses the prospective association and dose‐response relationship between daily steps and all‐cause mortality.Materials and MethodsDaily steps were measured by waist‐mounted accelerometers in 2183 individuals (53% women) for seven consecutive days at baseline (2008‐09). Participants were followed for a median period of 9.1 years and associations between steps and all‐cause mortality determined by registry linkage were assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression with adjustment for relevant covariates.ResultsMean age was 57.0 (SD 10.9) years at baseline. Median (IQR) daily steps across ascending quartiles were 4651 (3495‐5325), 6862 (6388‐7350), 8670 (8215‐9186), and 11 467 (10 556‐13 110), respectively. During follow‐up, 119 individuals died (68% men). Higher number of daily steps was associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality with hazard ratios of 1.00 (referent), 0.52 (0.29‐0.93), 0.50 (0.27‐0.94), and 0.43 (0.21‐0.88) across ascending quartiles of daily steps in the multivariable‐adjusted model with follow‐up commencing 2 years after baseline. Risk differences per 1000 individuals for ascending quartiles were 6.8 (2.9‐9.3), 7.1 (0.8‐11.1), and 8.0 (1.7‐12.1), respectively.ConclusionsDaily steps were associated with lower mortality risk in a non‐linear dose‐response pattern. The risk is almost halved when comparing the least active referent against the second quartile equivalent to a difference of about 2200 daily steps. Encouraging those least active to increase their daily steps may have substantial public health implications.
Sex differences in murine myocutaneous flap revascularization
Authors: Brandenburg Jacquelyn S. , Clark Ross M. , Coffman Brittany , Sharma Geetanjali , Hathaway Helen J. , Prossnitz Eric R. , Howdieshell Thomas R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSex differences in susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury have been documented in humans. Premenopausal women have a lower risk of ischemic heart disease than age‐matched men, whereas after menopause, the risk is similar or even higher in women. However, little is known about the effects of sex on myocutaneous ischemia/reperfusion. To explore sex differences in wound revascularization, we utilized a murine myocutaneous flap model of graded ischemia. A cranial‐based, peninsular‐shaped, myocutaneous flap was surgically created on the dorsum of male and female mice. Physiological, pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular parameters were analyzed. Flaps created on female mice were re‐attached to the recipient site resulting in nearly complete viability at post‐operative day 10. In contrast, distal full‐thickness myocutaneous necrosis was evident at 10 days post‐surgery in male mice. Over the 10 day study interval, laser speckle imaging documented functional revascularization in all flap regions in female mice, but minimal distal flap reperfusion in male mice. Day 10 immunostained histologic sections confirmed significant increases in distal flap vessel count and vascular surface area in female compared to male mice. RT‐PCR demonstrated significant differences in growth factor and metabolic gene expression between female and male mice at day 10. In conclusion, in a graded‐ischemia wound healing model, flap revascularization was more effective in female mice. The recognition and identification of sex‐specific wound healing differences may lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of myocutaneous revascularization and drive novel discovery to improve soft tissue wound healing following tissue transfer for traumatic injury and cancer resection.
Northern-sourced water dominated the Atlantic Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Pöppelmeier F. , Blaser P. , Gutjahr M. , Jaccard S.L. , Frank M. , Max L. , Lippold J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Increased carbon sequestration in the ocean subsurface is commonly assumed to have been one of the main causes responsible for lower glacial atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Remineralized carbon must have been stored away from the atmosphere for thousands of years, yet the water mass structure accommodating such increased carbon storage continues to be debated. Here, we present new sediment-derived bottom-water neodymium isotope records that allow fingerprinting of water masses and provide a more complete picture of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation geometry during the Last Glacial Maximum. These results suggest that the vertical and meridional structure of the Atlantic water mass distribution only experienced minor changes since the last ice age. In particular, we find no compelling evidence supporting glacial southern-sourced water substantially expanding to shallower depths and farther into the Northern Hemisphere than today, which had been previously inferred from stable carbon isotope (δ13C) reconstructions. We argue that depleted δ13C values observed in the deep Northwest Atlantic do not necessarily indicate the presence of southern-sourced water. Instead, these values may represent a northern-sourced water mass with lower than modern preformed δ13C values that were further modified downstream by increased sequestration of remineralized carbon, facilitated by a more sluggish glacial deep circulation, corroborating previous evidence.
Patient-centred and economic effectiveness of a decision aid for patients with age-related cataract in China: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zheng Yingfeng , Qu Bo , Jin Ling , Wang Chunxiao , Zhong Yuxin , He Mingguang , Liu Yizhi 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThe need for cataract surgery is on the rise due to our ageing population and high demands for greater visual functioning. Although the majority of patients want to participate in a shared decision-making process, no decision aid has been available to improve the quality of decision. The present study aims to determine whether a decision aid increases informed decision about cataract surgery.Methods and analysisA parallel randomised controlled trial (772 participants) will be conducted. The decision aid will be implemented among patients with any age-related cataract in Yuexiu District, which is socioeconomically representative of a major metropolitan region in Southern China. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either a patient decision aid or a traditional booklet, and they will complete three surveys: (1) baseline assessment before the intervention (time point (T)1), 2 weeks (T2) and 1 year (T3) after the intervention. The control group receives a traditional booklet with standard general information developed by the National Eye Institute to help patients understand cataract, whereas the intervention group receives a patient decision aid that includes not only the standard general information, but also the quantitative risk information on the possible outcomes of cataract surgery as well as value clarification exercise. The primary study outcome is the informed decision, the percentage of patients who have adequate knowledge and demonstrate consistency between attitudes and intentions. Secondary outcomes include perceived importance of cataract surgery benefits/harms, decision conflict and confidence, anticipated regret and booklet utilisation and acceptability at 2 weeks, and surgical rates and a cost–utility estimate of the decision aid at 1 year.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (reference number: 2019KYPJ090). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings for academic audiences.Trial registration numberNCT03992807.
Qualitative accounts from Syrian mental health professionals: shared realities in the context of conflict and forced displacement
Authors: Hamid Aseel , Scior Katrina , Williams Amanda C de C 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo explore the impact of the provision of care of forcibly displaced Syrian mental health professionals (MHPs) to Syrian clients in the community given shared experiences and backgrounds with clients.DesignA qualitative study using thematic analysis of in-depth semistructured interviews to explore shared realities, self-disclosure and the impact of providing therapy.SettingSyrian MHPs operating in Gaziantep and Istanbul, Turkey, were interviewed.ParticipantsSixteen forcibly displaced Syrian MHPs (eight male, eight female) aged between 24 and 54 years (M=35, SD=8.3) who provided care to the displaced Syrian community in Turkey.ResultsAll workers described having a shared reality with their clients as helpful in therapy and a smaller proportion described it as a vulnerability. All described their work with Syrian clients as fulfilling and most described it as distressing. Participants referred to self-care,supervision, peer-support and personal therapy as a means to cope.ConclusionsThis study provides the first insight into the shared experiences of the ongoing trauma, loss and violations resulting from the ongoing Syrian conflict from the perspective of Syrian MHPs, adding to the literature of the professional issues and ethical duty to protect health workers in conflict settings.
Cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) for chronic insomnia disorder (‘CANSLEEP’ trial): protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, proof-of-concept trial
Authors: Suraev Anastasia , Grunstein Ronald R , Marshall Nathaniel S , D'Rozario Angela L , Gordon Christopher J , Bartlett Delwyn J , Wong Keith , Yee Brendon J , Vandrey Ryan , Irwin Chris , Arnold Jonathon C , McGregor Iain S , Hoyos Camilla M 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionInsomnia is a highly prevalent and costly condition that is associated with increased health risks and healthcare utilisation. Anecdotally, cannabis use is frequently reported by consumers to promote sleep. However, there is limited research on the effects of cannabis on sleep and daytime function in people with insomnia disorder using objective measures. This proof-of-concept study will evaluate the effects of a single dose of an oral cannabis-based medicine on sleep and daytime function in participants with chronic insomnia disorder.Methods and analysisA randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled, single-dose study design will be used to test the safety and efficacy of an oral oil solution (‘ETC120’) containing 10 mg Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 200 mg cannabidiol (CBD) in 20 participants diagnosed with chronic insomnia disorder. Participants aged 35–60 years will be recruited over an 18-month period commencing August 2019. Each participant will receive both the active drug and matched placebo, in a counterbalanced order, during two overnight study assessment visits, with at least a 1-week washout period between each visit. The primary outcomes are total sleep time and wake after sleep onset assessed via polysomnography. In addition, 256-channel high-density electroencephalography and source modelling using structural brain MRI will be used to comprehensively examine brain activation during sleep and wake periods on ETC120 versus placebo. Next-day cognitive function, alertness and simulated driving performance will also be investigated.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was received from Bellberry Human Research Ethics Committee (2018-04-284). The findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed open-access journal and at academic conferences.Trial registration numberANZCTRN12619000714189.
Patients’ views on involving general practice in bowel cancer screening: a South Australian focus group study
Authors: Brown Lynsey , Moretti Cecilia , Roeger Leigh , Reed Richard 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo explore patients’ experiences of bowel cancer screening and its promotion, and perspectives on possible input from general practice for improving screening rates.DesignQualitative focus group study underpinned by a phenomenological approach.SettingThree general practice clinics in metropolitan South Australia.ParticipantsThirty active general practice patients, aged 50–74 years (60% female) who were eligible for the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program.FindingsFactors affecting screening were described, with particular concerns regarding the nature of the test, screening process and culture. There were mixed views on the role for general practice in bowel cancer screening; some participants appreciated the current process and viewed screening as out of scope of primary care services, while others were in support of general practice involvement. Roles for general practice were proposed that comprised actions across the continuum from providing information through to reminders and the provision and collection of screening kits. With a view that multifaceted strategies are required to encourage participation, community-based solutions were suggested that centred on improving screening culture and education.ConclusionsThere was a view among participants that general practice could play a useful role in supporting the uptake of the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program, however participants saw a need for multiple strategies at different levels and under different jurisdictions.
Association between obesity-related anthropometric indices and multimorbidity among older adults in Shandong, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Xu Lingzhong , Li Jiajia , Sun Long , Qin Wenzhe 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesWhether the association between obesity-related anthropometric indices and multimorbidity differs by age among Chinese older adults (aged 65+) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with multimorbidity among the young-old (aged 65–79) and old-old (aged 80+) adults.DesignCross-sectional population-based study.SettingShandong province on the eastern coast of China.Participants5493 subjects aged 65 years or above.MeasurementsDetails on sociodemographics, lifestyle characteristics and chronic conditions were collected using a structured questionnaire. The respondents were assessed with anthropometric measurements including height, weight, WC, hip circumference.ResultsThe overall prevalence of multimorbidity in older adults (aged 65+) was 35.2%. The BMI-obesity, WC-obesity and WHR-obesity rates were 7.4%, 57.5% and 80.4%, respectively. In the young-old adults (aged 65–79), the likelihood of multimorbidity was more than two times higher among the BMI-obese than the BMI-normal population (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.66 to 2.60). Similar but less strong associations were found for the WC-obese and WHR-obese young-old population (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.81; OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.56, respectively). For the old-old group (aged 80+), the BMI-obese, WC-obese and WHR-obese had a higher likelihood of having multimorbidity compared with the normal weight category (OR 2.10, 95% CI 0.96 to 4.57; OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.54; OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.93, respectively).ConclusionBMI-obesity, WC-obesity and WHR-obesity were associated with a greater risk of multimorbidity, and the associations were different between the young-old and the old-old adults. These age differences need to be considered in assessing healthy body weight in old age. These findings may be vital for public health surveillance, prevention and management strategies for multimorbidity in older adults.
Resuming elective surgical services in times of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Coimbra Raul , Edwards Sara , Coimbra Bruno Cammarota , Tabuenca Arnold 
Published: May 2020

The consequences of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus have been devastating to the healthcare system.As the positive effects of social distancing, mandatory masking, and societal lockdown on the spread of the disease and its incidence in the community were documented, societal and financial pressures mounted worldwide, prompting efforts to “re-open” countries, states, communities, businesses, and schools. The same happened with hospital, which had to start developing strategies to resume elective surgery activities. This manuscript describes the pre-requisites as well as the strategies for resuming surgical activity, be it in the outpatient or inpatient setting.
Evaluating the presence of human pathogens in commercially frozen, biologically appropriate raw pet food sold in Italy
Authors: Bottari Benedetta , Bancalari Elena , Barera Annalisa , Ghidini Sergio , Gatti Monica 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundBiologically appropriate raw food (BARF) diet is becoming more and more popular among pet owners in Europe. However, there are documented microbiological risks associated with raw feeding, and this study aimed to determine the presence of human pathogens in commercially frozen BARF products sold in Italy.MethodsSalmonella species, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter species were identified. The general microbiological quality of BARF products and hygiene were also evaluated. Sample size was limited and therefore the study may not be representative of a larger sample.ResultsNone of the tested samples showed total bacterial count (TBC) higher than the limit set to consider a sample unacceptable. However, 14 out of 21 samples showed TBC higher than the limit set to consider a sample marginally acceptable. A high percentage of samples were contaminated by the aforementioned pathogens, highlighting the need for pet owners to be aware of the risks of this feeding strategy both to themselves and to their pets.ConclusionsConsidering that BARF diet meals can be prepared at home using the hands, as well as tools and spaces that could be shared, guidelines on safer handling of these pet food products should be recommended by veterinarians and nutritionists.
Control of annual ryegrass with spring-applied herbicides prior to seeding corn
Authors: Soltani Nader , Shropshire Christy , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: May 2020

Four field experiments were conducted over a 2 yr period (2017 and 2018) in Ontario to determine the control of annual ryegrass (ARG) seeded in the fall of 2016 and 2017 (as a cover crop) with spring-applied glyphosate alone and in a tankmixure with clethodim, fluazifop-P-butyl, quizalofop-P-butyl, sethoxydim, or saflufenacil prior to seeding glyphosate-resistant corn. The doses of glyphosate needed to provide 50%, 80%, and 90% control of ARG were 439, 1757, and >2700 g a.e. ha−1 at 3 wk after treatment application (WAA); 526, 2105, and >2700 g a.e. ha−1 at 4 WAA; and 703, >2700, and >2700 g a.e. ha−1 at 6 WAA, respectively. Glyphosate (1350 g a.e. ha−1) controlled ARG 27%, 61%, 77%, 72%, and 68% at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 WAA, respectively. The tankmix of glyphosate (1350 a.e. ha−1) with clethodim (30 g a.i. ha−1), fluazifop-P-butyl (125 g a.i. ha−1), quizalofop-P-ethyl (36 g a.i. ha−1), sethoxydim (150 g a.i. ha−1), or saflufenacil (25 g a.i. ha−1) controlled ARG as much as 82%, 79%, 82%, 84%, and 81%, respectively. ARG control with the tankmixes of glyphosate (1350 a.e. ha−1) with the Group 1 herbicides evaluated increased corn yield as much as 66%. Additionally, reduced ARG interference with the tankmix of glyphosate (1350 a.e. ha−1) +saflufenacil (25 g a.i. ha−1) increased corn yield 69%. The best control of ARG was achieved with high doses of glyphosate alone and glyphosate (1350 g a.e. ha−1) tankmixed with a Group 1 herbicide or saflufenacil.