bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and genetic diversity of ESBL producing Klebsiella species isolated from livestock and livestock products
Authors: Bobbadi Suresh , Kiranmayi Chinnam Bindu , Nelapati Subhashini , Tumati Srinivasa R. , Kandhan Srinivas , Gottapu Chaitanya , Boddu Swathi V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractKlebsiella species have been at the center of attention over the recent years due to its role in the evolution of antimicrobial resistance and is not only associated with nosocomial but also with food related infections worldwide. In this study, out of 336 samples of animal intestinal and foods of animal origin screened, 99 samples were found to harbor Klebsiella spp. Out of 99 isolates, 89 were Klebsiella pneumoniae and 10 were found to be Klebsiella oxytoca by mPCR. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test including ESBL detection by genotypic (PCR) and phenotypic (disc diffusion) methods. β‐Lactamase genes were identified in 32 isolates of K. pneumoniae and an isolate of K. oxytoca, blaSHV being the predominant gene detected (31) followed by blaTEM, blaCTX‐M1, and blaCTX‐M9 (one each), whereas single K. oxytoca isolate harbored blaCTX‐M2 gene. Genetic fingerprinting of β‐lactamase producing K. pneumoniae using ERIC‐PCR and REP‐PCR differentiated all the 32 strains with discriminatory power of 1.
Physical Activity Opportunities and Academic Outcomes of Fourth Grade Elementary School Students in Georgia
Authors: Shore Erin , Cheung Patricia C. , Hyde Eric , Gazmararian Julie A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPhysical activity at schools is an important component in combatting childhood obesity. Studies have shown that physical activity at school is positively associated with academic outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine associations between opportunity of physical activity time at school and academic outcomes.METHODSThis statewide, cross‐sectional study utilized 2 data sources from the Georgia Department of Education and Georgia Shape in 860 schools. Multivariable linear regression analysis assessed the impact of the amount of physical activity time at school and standardized test scores, controlling for aerobic capacity, BMI, race, gender, school size, geographic category, and SES.RESULTSTime of physical activity opportunity at school was not significantly associated with Mathematics or Reading CRCT scores (p = .94, p = .31, respectively). SES had the greatest impact on test scores, where higher SES schools had higher standardized test scores (p < .01 for all tests scores).CONCLUSIONTime of physical activity opportunities at school was not significantly associated with standardized test scores. SES appears to be the most important factor in academic outcomes. Time spent in PA at school does not negatively affect academic outcomes and should be utilized to prevent/reduce childhood overweight and obesity.
Stressors of parents of infants undergoing neonatal surgery for major non‐cardiac congenital anomalies in a surgical neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Govindaswamy Priya , Laing Sharon , Waters Donna , Walker Karen , Spence Kaye , Badawi Nadia 
Published: November 2019

AimAs more babies survive major neonatal surgery, the quality of life of the whole family is a major focus of health care. While there is evidence suggesting that parents of babies admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) experience high levels of stress, little is known about stressors in parents whose infants also require neonatal surgery. This study identified fathers' and mothers' stressors in a surgical NICU.MethodsParents of infants admitted for general surgery to the NICU at a tertiary children's hospital from February 2014 to September 2015 were eligible for enrolment. Parents completed the Parental Stressor Scale: NICU to measure levels of stress related to three subscales: sights and sounds, infant appearance and parental role alteration, using a 5‐point Likert scale.ResultsData for 111 parents (57% mothers) showed parental role alteration as the greatest stressor for parents (M = 2.98, standard deviation (SD) = 0.89), particularly for mothers, followed by infant appearance (M = 2.84, SD = 0.95). Both fathers and mothers rated feeling helpless (M = 4.1, SD = 1.0), unable to protect their baby (M = 4.1, SD = 0.9) and seeing their baby in pain (M = 3.9, SD = 1.2) the most common, most stressful experiences and highest contributors to overall stress in the surgical NICU environment.ConclusionParental role alteration is the greatest stressor for parents in the surgical NICU. Reducing stress for parents of infants undergoing neonatal surgery requires management of the infant's pain and strategies to support parents in their role in the NICU.
Melatonin enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against rotenone‐induced mitochondrial deficiency in early porcine embryos
Authors: Niu Ying‐Jie , Zhou Wenjun , Nie Zheng‐Wen , Shin Kyung‐Tae , Cui Xiang‐Shun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMelatonin, a major hormone of the pineal gland, exerts many beneficial effects on mitochondria. Several studies have shown that melatonin can protect against toxin‐induced oocyte quality impairment during maturation. However, there is little information regarding the beneficial effects of melatonin on toxin‐exposed early embryos, and the mechanisms underlying such effects have not been determined. Rotenone, a chemical widely used in agriculture, induces mitochondrial toxicity, therefore, damaging the reproductive system, impairing oocyte maturation, ovulation, and fertilization. We investigated whether melatonin attenuated rotenone exposure‐induced impairment of embryo development by its mitochondrial protection effect. Activated oocytes were randomly assigned to four groups: the control, melatonin treatment, rotenone‐exposed, and “rotenone + melatonin” groups. Treatment with melatonin abrogated rotenone‐induced impairment of embryo development, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ATP deficiency, and significantly decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis. Melatonin also increased SIRT1 and PGC‐1α expression, which promoted mitochondrial biogenesis. SIRT1 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition abolished melatonin's ability to revert rotenone‐induced impairment. Thus, melatonin rescued rotenone‐induced impairment of embryo development by reducing ROS production and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. This study shows that melatonin rescues toxin‐induced impairment of early porcine embryo development by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
Impact of lactation on pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in goats
Authors: Kim Tae‐Won , Sartini Irene , Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska Beata , Lisowski Andrzej , Poapolathep Amnart , Giorgi Mario 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUse of drug in lactating animal should be carefully considered due to its possibility of changes in pharmacokinetics as well as drug penetration in milk. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of lactation on pharmacokinetics of meloxicam after IV and IM administrations in goats. A crossover design (2 × 2) was used for each lactating and nonlactating group of goats with a 3‐week washout period. Meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg) was administered into the jugular vein and upper gluteal muscle by IV and IM routes, respectively. The plasma and milk drug concentrations were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector, and the pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out by noncompartmental analysis. The pharmacokinetic parameters of meloxicam in lactating and nonlactating goats were not significantly different. The IM bioavailability of meloxicam was relatively lower in lactating (75.3 ± 18.6%) than nonlactating goats (103.8 ± 34.7%); however, the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, AUC ratio between milk and plasma, which represent drug milk penetration, for both IV and IM administrations was less than 1 (about 0.3). In conclusion, pharmacokinetic parameters of meloxicam are not significantly altered by lactation for either the IV or IM routes of administration and this drug does not require a different dosage regimen for lactating animals.
Hypoganglionosis in the gastric antrum causes delayed gastric emptying
Authors: Baker Corey , Ahmed Minhal , Cheng Katarina , Arciero Emily , Bhave Sukhada , Ho Wing Lam N. , Goldstein Allan M. , Hotta Ryo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEnteric nervous system (ENS) abnormalities have been implicated in delayed gastric emptying but studies exploring potential treatment options are limited by the lack of an experimental animal model. We examined the ENS abnormalities in the mouse stomach associated with aging, developed a novel model of gastroparesis, and established a new approach to measure gastric emptying.MethodsA modified gastric emptying assay was developed, validated in nNOS −/− mice, and tested in mice at multiple ages. Age‐related changes in ENS structure were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Gastric aganglionosis was generated in Wnt1‐iDTR mice using focal administration of diphtheria toxin (DT) into the anterior antral wall.Key ResultsOlder mice (>5 months) exhibit hypoganglionosis in the gastric antrum and a decreased proportion of nNOS neurons as compared to younger mice (age 5‐7 weeks). This was associated with a significant age‐dependent decrease in liquid and solid gastric emptying. A novel model of gastric antrum hypoganglionosis was established using neural crest‐specific expression of diphtheria toxin receptor. In this model, a significant reduction in liquid and solid gastric emptying is observed.Conclusions & InferencesOlder mice exhibit delayed gastric emptying associated with hypoganglionosis and a reduction in nNOS‐expressing neurons in the antrum. The causal relationship between antral hypoganglionosis and delayed gastric emptying was verified using a novel experimental model of ENS ablation. This study provides new information regarding the pathogenesis of delayed gastric emptying and provides a robust model system to study this disease and develop novel treatments.
The developmental relationship between stomata and mesophyll airspace
Authors: Baillie Alice L. , Fleming Andrew J. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe quantitative and spatial coordination of stomatal pores in the epidermis and airspaces in the underlying mesophyll tissue is vital for efficient gas exchange in the leaf. The mechanisms that determine the distribution of stomata in the epidermis have been studied extensively, but how this relates to the regulation of mesophyll airspace configuration is poorly understood. Recent studies have investigated how development is coordinated between these tissue layers. The evidence suggests that multiple mechanisms are likely to work concurrently to coordinate stomatal and mesophyll development for optimal leaf gas exchange, and that both genetic and physiological factors contribute to this regulation. Such advances in our understanding of leaf development have important implications for potential improvement of crop water use efficiency.
Progressive refinement of the karyotyping of Brachypodium genomes
Authors: Hasterok Robert , Wang Kai , Jenkins Glyn 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBrachypodium distachyon is a weedy grass species that is firmly established as a model for the comparative and functional genomics of temperate cereals and grasses. Its simple, nuclear genome of five chromosomes contrasts it with other relatives of the genus with different, and usually higher, basic chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. This variation in karyotypic structure affords the possibility of reconstructing evolutionary pathways that have shaped the genome structure of extant species. This Tansley insight documents how key refinements in molecular cytogenetic approaches, from simple fluorescence in situ hybridization to comparative chromosome barcoding, have enabled genome structure studies and yielded valuable information about the drivers of karyotypic reorganization and evolution in the model grass genus Brachypodium.
Typical BBB morphology and implantation depth of 3830 electrode predict QRS correction by left bundle branch area pacing
Authors: Jiang Zhixin , Chang Qin , Wu Yucheng , Ji Ling , Zhou Xiujuan , Shan Qijun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimStrict criteria of typical left bundle branch block (LBBB) can help with the prediction for cardiac resynchronization therapy response. The aim of this study is to determine whether the use of strict criteria for both LBBB and right bundle branch block (RBBB) predicts successful QRS correction (≤130 ms) by left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP).MethodsConsecutive patients with pacemaker indications according to the present guideline who also underwent LBBAP implantation were retrospectively assessed. Inclusion criteria were patients with BBB and the baseline QRSd > 130 ms. Baseline characteristics and pacing parameters were compared between typical and atypical BBB groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for covariates that were found in univariate analyses for successful QRS correction by LBBAP.ResultsSeventy‐three patients were enrolled. Among them, 10 (13.6%) had atypical BBB (5 LBBB and 5 RBBB) and 63 (86.4%) had typical BBB (30 LBBB and 33 RBBB). The rate of successful QRS correction was higher in typical‐BBB patients (52/63; 82.5%) than that in atypical‐BBB patients (3/10; 30%), P < .001. Paced QRSd was obviously narrower in patients with typical BBB than that in patients with atypical‐BBB (118 ± 14 vs 133 ± 14 ms, P = .003). In multivariate logistic regression, only typical BBB morphology and the implantation depth of 3830 pacing electrode in the ventricular septum were independent predictors for successful QRS correction.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that patients with typical‐BBB morphology benefit more from LBBAP for QRS correction. Typical BBB morphology together with deep penetration of 3830 ventricular electrode in the interventricular septum predicts the success of QRS correction by LBBAP.
The longitudinal effects of alexithymia on romantic relationships
Authors: Hesse Colin , Gibbons Stephanie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing the tenets of Affection Exchange Theory, the study predicted longitudinal effects of alexithymia on both romantic relational outcomes (satisfaction and commitment) and relational communication (affectionate communication and relational maintenance behaviors). The study also predicted that Time 2 levels of relational communication would mediate the longitudinal effects of alexithymia on the relational outcomes. The results largely supported the predictions, with Time 1 alexithymia significantly negatively related to both relational outcome measures, affectionate communication, and two types of relational maintenance behaviors (understanding and assurances) at Time 2. Alternate models predicting alexithymia at Time 2 using the relational variables were nonsignificant. Finally, mediation was shown for both affectionate communication and understanding. Implications and possible directions for future research are explored.
Submaximal field testing validity for aerobic fitness assessment in recreational football
Authors: Póvoas Susana , Krustrup Peter , Castagna Carlo 
Published: November 2019

Submaximal field tests are especially recommended when repeated testing is warranted. This study aimed at assessing the validity of the submaximal versions of the Yo‐Yo intermittent tests in male recreational football players in untrained and trained status. The participants’ (n = 66; age 39.3 ± 5.8 years, VO2max 41.2 ± 6.2 mL·kg−1·min−1, body mass 81.9 ± 10.8 kg, height 173.2 ± 6.4 cm) heart rate after 2 minutes (HR2min) during the level 1 (YYIE1HR2min) and 2 (YYIE2HR2min) versions of the Yo‐Yo intermittent endurance test and the level 1 version of the Yo‐Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIR1HR2min) was plotted against individual VO2max values. Thirty‐two participants performed all the tests after a 12‐week recreational football intervention for test responsiveness. Associations between VO2max and YYIE1HR2min were large to small (P = .0001). Large to trivial associations were found between YYIE2HR2min, YYIR1HR2min, and VO2max (P < .01). Maximal Yo‐Yo performances were large, significant, and inversely related to HR2min (−0.68 to −0.49, P < .0001). Pre‐ to post‐intervention ICC values were good for YYIE1HR2min and YYIE2HR2min, and excellent for YYIR1HR2min. Post‐intervention associations between HR2min and Yo‐Yo maximal performances were large to very large (−0.55 to −0.72; P < .002, n = 32). Training‐induced changes in VO2max moderately correlated with YYIR1HR2min (−0.48; P = .007; n = 32). HR2min lower than 89%, 98%, and 91% HRmax for YYIE1HR2min, YYIE2HR2min, and YYIR1HR2min, respectively, may be considered as signs of good to excellent VO2max levels. Since in the YYIE1HR2min, the participants attained 84% HRmax and test specificity increased for HR2min values <89%, this test may be the preferred choice when repeated assessment of aerobic fitness, using submaximal intermittent Yo‐Yo tests, is considered in recreational football.
Ophthalmic findings in cinereous vultures (Aegypius monachus)
Authors: Hwang Jaemin , Kang Seonmi , Seok Seonghoon , Ahmed Sohail , Yeon Seongchan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to provide ophthalmic reference values under normal physiological conditions forAegypius monachus(cinereous vulture).ProceduresThirty‐two eyes of sixteen adult captive cinereous vultures were used for this study. Tear tests and tonometry in conscious and anesthetized states, neuro‐ophthalmic tests, measurement of corneal diameter, slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and funduscopy were performed.ResultsSchirmer tear test (STT) value was 11.4 ± 2.6 and 11.5 ± 2.8 mm/min in the right (OD) and left eye (OS), respectively. Phenol red thread test (PRT) values were 22.3 ± 2.1 mm/15 s OD and 22.8 ± 3.0 mm/15 s OS. The results showed a strong correlation between STT and PRT in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) values were 32.8 ± 6.9 mm Hg OD and 31.9 ± 7.1 mm Hg OS with TonoVet and 20.7 ± 4.5 mm Hg OD and 19.5 ± 4.1 mm Hg OS with Tono‐Pen. There were significant differences in IOPs between rebound and applanation tonometry in both OD and OS. Tear production and IOP values showed significant reductions with general anesthesia in both tear tests and both tonometry (P < .001). Horizontal corneal diameter (mm) was 15.56 ± 0.96 OD and 15.56 ± 0.96 OS. Vertical diameter (mm) was 14.13 ± 0.96 OD and 14.06 ± 1.06 OS. The horizontal diameter was significantly longer than vertical diameter (P < .001).ConclusionsOcular morphologic information and normal reference range values for various ophthalmic measurements were obtained in clinically healthy cinereous vultures, which can facilitate accurate diagnosis and better management of ophthalmic diseases in cinereous vultures.
Digital communication, social media, and Englishes
Authors: Lee Jamie Shinhee 
Published: November 2019

AbstractScholarship in world Englishes has long been interested in the impact of digital media on the spread of English worldwide. This special issue on ‘World Englishes and digital media’ examines how English(es) are positioned and used in relation to other languages in digital communication, what pragmatic functions English and other languages serve, and how various linguistic choices affect identity work in the context of digital communication. It is hoped that this special issue will make an important contribution to research in this field.
Retroerosion in a TBG Gas Pipeline Crossing and its Rehabilitation
Authors: Costa Cesar Augusto , Schultz Neto Walter , Zozula Thiago Wichrestink 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This Paper presents a case study of the Jardim Novo Maracanã stream situated in Campinas, São Paulo, in which recent streambed modifications were characterized, aiming to define the rates and the potential erosions along the channel alignment of which have Bolivia-Brazil Gas Pipeline crossing.
Its presents the erosion process analysis and mitigation concepts aimed at the pipeline and fiber optic cables facilities integrity, as well as to indicate the design issues, considering the streambed deepening in this watershed. For this, satellite images and aerial photographs were collected in different periods, soil and subsoil surveys were performed, information on rainfall and watershed characteristics was analyzed, as well as hydrological and hydrotechnical studies were developed. These studies included geotechnical channel and banks analyzes, the spatial and temporal trends of the fluvial geomorphology evolution and the infrastructures safety conditions analysis.
It was concluded that a new channel erosion process occurred after the streambed was filled by recent sediments. This process is associated with an increase floods magnitude, the slopes occupation intensification with the county urbanization and the streambed conditions changes, from an alignment sinuous to rectilinear and from a shallow to deeper channel. Once initiated, the channel erosion process maintained its retroerosion, i.e. its “headcutting” trend, deepening its equilibrium profile to its stratigraphic base level, located about 5.0 m below the 2014 stream bottom, in the pipeline cross section. Alternative concepts for the infrastructure integrity rehabilitation in these new morphological-fluvial conditions were also developed and dimensioned. Among these, the rectangular culverts alternative was adopted. They support a landfill at the crossing with the buried pipe and have to 100-year return period peak flows capacity.
Interferences by Third Parties: The Challenge of the Construction of Highways on the Right of Way of Oil Pipelines — Case of Autopistas Del Nordeste-Ocensa
Authors: Corrales Cobos Julian Javier 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The development of third world countries is surrounded by a thousand challenges, one of them is to increase and modernize the transport infrastructure to improve competitiveness in an increasingly interconnected world. Colombia in recent years has undertaken a titanic task of construction of highways to meet this purpose, have hired more than 8170 km of roads, however, this task generates a major challenge for the oil industry since the construction of these roads generates an unplanned interference with the hydrocarbon transport infrastructure that, if not handled correctly, can cause ruptures or damage in the pipelines and the consequent economic and environmental losses.
In 2015 the design of the highway that interconnects the municipalities of Remedios and Caucasia in the department of Antioquia began. This project was called Autopistas del Nordeste. The road was designed to pass through the Pocune river valley, however, the environmental licensing of this type of project requires the revision of the interference with other networks. It was found that the new road crossed the Ocensa pipeline at 26 points. The geographical conditions require the use of this small corridor by many lines, 2 pipelines (Ocensa and ODC), a 500 KV power line and, of course, the current tertiary route and the projected highway that connects these municipalities. The challenge is huge, in this article the project is described, the negotiation stages that have been necessary to carry out with the way to make compatible the projects and the threats that have been overcome in the constructive stage.