bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of discernment counseling on individuals who decide to divorce: experiences of post‐divorce communication and coparenting
Authors: Emerson Angela J. , Harris Steven M. , Ahmed Fathiya A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiscernment counseling is designed to help couples considering divorce arrive at a greater sense of clarity and confidence in their decision making about the future of their marriage. Possible outcomes include making no change to the marriage, divorcing, or attempting reconciliation through couples therapy. To date, no research has been done on whether or not discernment counseling helps couples who decide to divorce with their post‐divorce family life (i.e., coparenting). We surveyed 11 people (from male–female couples) and conducted in‐depth interviews with eight who had undergone discernment counseling and subsequently divorced to see what impact discernment counseling had on their post‐divorce coparenting relationship. We analyzed the data from a phenomenological perspective. Respondents described their discernment counseling experience as helpful for achieving clarity and honesty in the divorce decision‐making process, they shared their appreciation for the structure of the intervention, and indicated that it led to a greater coparental cooperation post‐divorce.
Effects of gonadectomy and dihydrotestosterone on neuronal plasticity in motivation and reward related brain regions in the male rat
Authors: Huijgens Patty T. , Snoeren Eelke M. S. , Meisel Robert L. , Mermelstein Paul G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGonadal hormones affect neuronal morphology to ultimately regulate behaviour. In female rats, oestradiol mediates spine plasticity in hypothalamic and limbic brain structures, contributing to long‐lasting effects on motivated behaviour. Parallel effects of androgens in male rats have not been extensively studied. Here, we investigated the effect of both castration and androgen replacement on spine plasticity in the nucleus accumbens shell and core (NAcSh and NAcC), caudate putamen (CPu), medial amygdala (MeA) and medial preoptic nucleus (MPN). Intact and castrated (gonadectomy [GDX]) male rats were treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 1.5 mg) or vehicle (oil) in three experimental groups: intact‐oil, GDX‐oil and GDX‐DHT. Spine density and morphology, measured 24 hours after injection, were determined through three‐dimensional reconstruction of confocal z‐stacks of DiI‐labelled dendritic segments. We found that GDX decreased spine density in the MPN, which was rescued by DHT treatment. DHT also increased spine density in the MeA in GDX animals compared to intact oil‐treated animals. By contrast, DHT decreased spine density in the NAcSh compared to GDX males. No effect on spine density was observed in the NAcC or CPu. Spine length and spine head diameter were unaffected by GDX and DHT in the investigated brain regions. In addition, immunohistochemistry revealed that DHT treatment of GDX animals rapidly increased the number of cell bodies in the NAcSh positive for phosphorylated cAMP response‐element binding protein, a downstream messenger of the androgen receptor. These findings indicate that androgen signalling plays a role in the regulation of spine plasticity within neurocircuits involved in motivated behaviours.
The three fetal shunts: A story of wrong eponyms
Authors: Zampieri Fabio , Thiene Gaetano , Basso Cristina , Zanatta Alberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe fetal circulatory system bypasses the lungs and liver with three shunts. The foramen ovale allows the transfer of the blood from the right to the left atrium, and the ductus arteriosus permits the transfer of the blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta. The ductus venosus is the continuation of the umbilical vein, allowing a large part of the oxygenated blood from the placenta to join the supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava, bypassing the fetal liver and directly connecting the right atrium. These structures are named after the physicians who are thought to have discovered them. The foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus are called the “foramen Botalli” and the “ductus Botalli,” after Leonardo Botallo (1530–c. 1587). The ductus venosus is styled “ductus Arantii” after Giulio Cesare Arantius (1530–1589). However, these eponyms have been incorrectly applied as these structures were, in fact, discovered by others earlier. Indeed, the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus were described by Galen of Pergamon centuries earlier (c. 129–210 AD). He understood that these structures were peculiar to the fetal heart and that they undergo closure after birth. The ductus venosus was first described by Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564) 3 years before Arantius. Therefore, the current anatomical nomenclature of the fetal cardiac shunts is historically inappropriate.
Theories as modern myths: Giving up the pursuit of good theory to focus on good theorizing
Authors: Cresswell James 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMills discusses the notion of myth and links it to a discussion of theory. While he does not consider myth and theory to be synonymous, I attempt to close the gap between these two notions even further. This argument is accomplished by discussing theorists that have theorized about theory and aligning their claims with Mills’ claims about myth. I propose that Mills cannot rely on coherence to substantiate good myth/theory and, instead, suggest the consideration of what constitutes good quality theorizing. Good theorizing involves deep understanding of different theories/myths and comparing them to generate innovation.
Assessment of rheological methods to study crystallization of palm oil fractions
Authors: Tangsanthatkun Janjira , Wiking Lars , Sonwai Sopark , Gregersen Sandra Beyer 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study provides an evaluation of the use of rheology to characterize soft, semi‐hard, and hard fats in relation to determine the crystallization onset, crystallization behavior, as well as microstructure development using either a plate–plate or a starch pasting cell (SPC). The results from this study demonstrate that when applying rheology to study fat crystallization, the results must be interpreted with care. The application of a plate–plate geometry allowed for sensitive evaluation of the initial nucleation phase, which was not possible with an SPC. Both geometries could provide information on crystallization behavior in terms of one‐step or two‐step crystallization. However, in the late stage of the crystallization process, when the fat crystals form a strong network, the SPC could not describe differences in the rheology of the fat‐crystal network, which was a possibility by the use of a plate–plate geometry. Thus, oscillatory rheology with a suitable geometry can be used to evaluate the entire crystallization process.
Shared decision‐making for women facing an unplanned pregnancy: A qualitative study
Authors: Ueno Yoko , Kako Mayumi , Ohira Mitsuko , Okamura Hitoshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the competencies of health care practitioners who promote shared decision‐making (SDM)–based care for women facing an unplanned pregnancy in Japan. We conducted semistructured interviews with 12 care providers who are pioneers in care for women facing an unplanned pregnancy and adopted a modified grounded theory approach for data analysis. A three‐step model for shared decision making in practice (team talk, option talk, and decision talk) was used as a reference. The answers given by the care providers were analyzed to identify the competencies involved in shared decision making. We identified three stages: (i) building trust and promoting women's expression; (ii) discussing women's real needs; and (iii) exploring the intentions and goals expressed by women and finding the best choices while promoting women's autonomy in decision‐making. The coordination between the support of partners, families, and professionals, and the care provided to strengthen women's identities facilitated shared decision making. Women facing an unplanned pregnancy can benefit from interventions designed to improve shared decision making. A key component of shared decision making‐based care relates to practitioners' raised awareness toward their roles and responsibilities: developing good communication skills and fostering collaboration between all stakeholders.
Transcending human frailties with technological enhancements and replacements: Transhumanist perspective in nursing and healthcare
Authors: Locsin Rozzano C. , Pepito Joseph Andrew , Juntasopeepun Phanida , Constantino Rose E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs human beings age, they become weak, fragile, and feeble. It is a slowly progressing yet complex syndrome in which old age or some disabilities are not prerequisites; neither does loss of human parts lead to frailty among the physically fit older persons. This paper aims to describe the influences of transhumanist perspectives on human‐technology enhancements and replacements in the transcendence of human frailties, including those of older persons, in which technology is projected to deliver solutions toward transcending these frailties. Through technologies including genetic screening and other technological manipulations, intelligent machines and augmented humans improve, maintain, and remedy human‐linked susceptibilities. Furthermore, other technologies replace parts fabricated through inorganic‐mechanical processes such as 3D‐printing. Advancing technologies are reaching the summit of technological sophistication contributing to the transhumanist views of being human in a technological world. Technologies enhance the transcendence of human frailties as essential expressions of the symbiosis between human beings and technology in a transcendental world.
Management of recurrent pneumo‐orbit secondary to post traumatic sino‐orbital fistula using a navigation‐guided customised 3D printed titanium implant: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Anabtawi Mohammed , Tompkins Hannah , Salvi Sachin M. , Lee Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionChronic persistent pneumo‐orbital fistula is a rare complication of orbital trauma with only four previously reported cases in English literature, all of which were present after surgical repair of the orbital fracture and all of them were treated by removal of the orbital implant and cauterisation of the herniated tissues.Case presentationWe present an interesting case of recurrent left pneumo‐orbit secondary to untreated traumatic large inferomedial sino‐orbital fistula which was successfully repaired using a customised titanium Patient Specific Implant (PSI) inserted with assistance from a navigation system. The thin implant ensured there was no alteration of globe position or diplopia. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first reported case in the English literature to describe closure of active, persistent chronic pneumo‐orbital fistula using this novel technique.This article will explore this approach and discuss its limitations based on our experience and a review of the existing literature regarding different causes,presentations, complications,treatment and approaches for the management of pneumo‐orbitum.ConclusionThe use of a solid PSI is an effective and safe treatment for the closure of persistent sino‐orbital fistula and should be considered as a viable treatment option in this group of patients.
Genetic analyses of lodging resistance and yield provide insights into post‐Green‐Revolution breeding in rice
Authors: Guo Zilong , Liu Xiao , Zhang Bo , Yuan Xinjie , Xing Yongzhong , Liu Hongyan , Luo Lijun , Chen Guoxing , Xiong Lizhong 
Published: November 2020

SummaryLodging reduces grain yield in cereal crops. Understanding the genetic basis of lodging resistance (LR) benefits LR breeding. In the study, 524 accessions from a rice germplasm collection and 193 recombinant inbred lines were phenotyped for 17 LR‐related traits. Height and culm strength (the magnitude of applied force necessary to break the culm) were two major factors affecting LR. We conducted genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and identified 127 LR‐associated loci. Significant phenotypic correlations between culm‐strength traits and yield‐related traits were observed. To reveal the genetic relationship between them, we conducted GWAS of culm‐strength traits with adding yield‐related trait as a covariate and detected 63 loci linking culm strength and yield. As a proof, a near‐isogenic line for an association locus on chromosome 7 showed enhanced LR and yield. Strikingly, 58 additional loci were identified in the covariate‐added GWAS. Several LR‐associated loci had undergone divergent selection. Linkage analysis supported the GWAS results. We propose that introgression of alleles beneficial for both culm strength and panicle weight without negative effects on panicle number or pyramiding high‐yielding alleles and lodging‐resistant alleles without effects on yield can be employed for the post‐Green‐Revolution breeding.
Artichoke yellow ringspot virus as the causal agent of a new viral disease of lettuce: Epidemiology and molecular variability
Authors: Karapetsi Lefkothea , Chatzivassiliou Elisavet K. , Katis Nikolaos I. , Maliogka Varvara I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn 2015 and 2016, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) plants showing yellow ringspots and line patterns were observed in Argolida (Peloponnese, Greece). Symptoms resembled those caused by nepoviruses, especially artichoke yellow ringspot virus (AYRSV), an endemic virus in artichoke (Cynara scolymus) and onion (Allium cepa var. cepa) crops in this area. The aim of this work was to identify and characterize the viral agent associated with the observed disease. We carried out mechanical inoculations onto Nicotiana benthamiana and lettuce plants and also virus‐specific reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR. Results confirmed the presence of AYRSV in all lettuce plants with symptoms tested, and the natural and experimental host range of the virus was studied. The species Heliotropium europaeum, Solanum nigrum, Origanum vulgare, Lactuca seriola, and Sinapis arvensis, are recorded as hosts of AYRSV for the first time. Also, AYRSV was detected by RT‐PCR in seeds and in the produced seedlings of lettuce, N. benthamiana, N. glutinosa, N. tabacum, and S. nigrum. Sequencing of a partial fragment of the gene encoding the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase was performed for 29 isolates of AYRSV originating from different hosts (lettuce, artichoke, onion, and arable weeds). Phylogenetic analysis of AYRSV isolates classified them in diverse clusters that exhibited no host grouping. All groups included isolates from cultivated and wild plant species. In this study, AYRSV was associated with a new lettuce disease for the first time, thus increasing the known natural host range of the virus.
Towards a best practice methodology for the detection of Phytophthora species in soils
Authors: Burgess Treena I. , López‐Villamor Adrián , Paap Trudy , Williams Briony , Belhaj Rajah , Crone Michael , Dunstan William , Howard Kay , Hardy Giles E. St. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe genus Phytophthora contains species that are major pathogens worldwide, affecting a multitude of plant species across agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and natural ecosystems. Here, we concentrate on those species that are dispersed through soil and water, attacking the roots of the plants, causing them to rot and die. The intention of this study was to compare the soil baiting protocol developed by the Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management (CPSM) with two other baiting methods used in Australia. The aim was to demonstrate the effectiveness of each protocol for soil baiting Phytophthora species in different substrates. Three experiments were conducted: the first to test the sensitivity of each method to detect Phytophthora cinnamomi, the second to test the effect of substrate type (sand or loam), and the third to test the detection of species (P. cinnamomi, P. multivora, or P. pseudocryptogea). The specificity of different plant species baits was compared within and between the methods. Substrate type influenced isolation in all methods; however, the CPSM method was superior regardless of substrate, albeit slower than one of the other methods for one substrate. Comparing bait species between the three methods, Quercus ilex was the most attractive bait for P. cinnamomi, particularly in the CPSM method. The choice of protocol affected the isolation associated with each bait type. Overall, the multiple bait system used by CPSM was shown to provide the most sensitive and reliable detection of Phytophthora species from soil samples.
Phytomelatonin: An overview of the importance and mediating functions of melatonin against environmental stresses
Authors: Altaf Muhammad Ahsan , Shahid Rabia , Ren Ming‐Xun , Mora‐Poblete Freddy , Arnao Marino B. , Naz Safina , Anwar Muhammad , Altaf Muhammad Mohsin , Shahid Sidra , Shakoor Awais , Sohail Hamza , Ahmar Sunny , Kamran Muhammad , Chen Jen‐Tsung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, melatonin has gained significant importance in plant research. The presence of melatonin in the plant kingdom has been known since 1995. It is a molecule that is conserved in a wide array of evolutionary distant organisms. Its functions and characteristics have been found to be similar in both plants and animals. The review focuses on the role of melatonin pertaining to physiological functions in higher plants. Melatonin regulates physiological functions regarding auxin activity, root, shoot, and explant growth, activates germination of seeds, promotes rhizogenesis (growth of adventitious and lateral roots), and holds up impelled leaf senescence. Melatonin is a natural bio‐stimulant that creates resistance in field crops against various abiotic stress, including heat, chemical pollutants, cold, drought, salinity, and harmful ultra‐violet radiation. The full potential of melatonin in regulating physiological functions in higher plants still needs to be explored by further research.
Tuberculosis in the intensive care unit: alternative treatment regimens and association with mortality
Authors: Anton Camila , Lemos Carolina Xavier , Machado Felipe Dominguez , Bernardi Rafaela Manzoni , Freitas Alana Ambos , Silva Denise Rossato 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesAdequate anti‐tuberculosis (TB) treatment is an important factor that can affect the patient's outcome. Higher mortality is found in patients who do not receive optimal treatment that includes isoniazid and rifampicin. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association of use of alternative TB treatment regimens (without rifampicin and isoniazid) and mortality among patients requiring intensive care.MethodsRetrospective cohort study, from January 2010 to December 2018. Patients aged > 18 years with a TB diagnosis, admitted to the ICU of a general, tertiary care, university‐affiliated hospital (Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre – HCPA) were included. Data on TB treatment used and outcomes of treatment were collected.Results462 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis; 284 used the usual treatment regimen (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol – all orally), and 178 used alternative treatment regimens (IV levofloxacin plus oral ethambutol plus IM streptomycin or IV amikacin, without rifampicin and isoniazid). The mortality was higher among users of alternative treatment regimens (63.5%) than among usual treatment regimen users (51.4%) (P = 0.011). In a multivariate analysis, age, albumin and death were independently associated with alternative treatment regimens use.ConclusionsTB programmes in which IV rifampicin is not widely available should consider including it, especially for critically ill TB patients, for whom there may be improved survival.
Seroprevalence of Chagas disease in rural communities at Campinas do Piauí city, Brazil
Authors: de Aquino Santana Maricélia , da Silva Ferreira Ana Laura , dos Santos Luan Victor Brandão , Furtado Campos José Henrique , de Sena Layara Larice Jesuino , Mendonça Vagner José 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis manuscript aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Chagas’s disease in the population of rural communities at Campinas do Piauí city, State of Piauí, Brazil.MethodsThe techniques of the indirect immunofluorescence reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect reagent samples for Chagas disease and estimate its prevalence in the rural population. Blood samples were collected on filter paper through digital and venipuncture. Blood samples with reactive or indeterminate results were re‐evaluated and subjected to the test by ELISA.ResultsIn total, 763 blood samples were analysed from 161 residences of 18 rural communities, collected in residents aged between 2 and 92 years. In the indirect immunofluorescence reaction technique, 44 (5.8%) of the results were positive, being 40 (5.2%) confirmed by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Among the communities surveyed, we observed reactive cases in 15 of them, these cases being distributed, according to the age group, as follows: 1 case from 0 to 10 years; 13 cases from 11 to 60 years old; and 30 cases over 61 years.ConclusionThe results indicate that Chagas’s disease remains with active transmission in the Campinas do Piaui city according to the occurrence of a case in a resident under 10 years of age. The region is endemic for Chagas’s disease, as observed by the high prevalence of positive cases.
Exercise training for intermittent claudication: a narrative review and summary of guidelines for practitioners
Authors: Harwood Amy E , Pymer Sean , Ingle Lee , Doherty Patrick , Chetter Ian C , Parmenter Belinda , Askew Christopher D , Tew Gary A 
Published: November 2020

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerotic narrowing of the arteries supplying the lower limbs often resulting in intermittent claudication, evident as pain or cramping while walking. Supervised exercise training elicits clinically meaningful benefits in walking ability and quality of life. Walking is the modality of exercise with the strongest evidence and is recommended in several national and international guidelines. Alternate forms of exercise such as upper- or lower-body cycling may be used, if required by certain patients, although there is less evidence for these types of programmes. The evidence for progressive resistance training is growing and patients can also engage in strength-based training alongside a walking programme. For those unable to attend a supervised class (strongest evidence), home-based or ‘self-facilitated’ exercise programmes are known to improve walking distance when compared to simple advice. All exercise programmes, independent of the mode of delivery, should be progressive and individually prescribed where possible, considering disease severity, comorbidities and initial exercise capacity. All patients should aim to accumulate at least 30 min of aerobic activity, at least three times a week, for at least 3 months, ideally in the form of walking exercise to near-maximal claudication pain.