bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Do-It-Yourself Remote Monitoring Technology for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ng Michelle , Borst Emily , Garrity Ashley , Hirschfeld Emily , Lee Joyce 
Published: January 2020

Background: The Nightscout Project is a leading example of patient-designed, do-it-yourself (DIY), open-source technology innovations to support type 1 diabetes management. We are unaware of studies that have described the evolution of patient-driven innovations from the Nightscout Project to date. Methods: We identified patient-driven, DIY innovations from posts and comments in the “CGM in the Cloud” private Facebook group as well as data from Twitter, GitHub, and the Nightscout website. For each innovation, we described its intent or its unaddressed need as well as the associated features and improvements. We conducted a thematic analysis to identify overarching patterns among the innovations, features, and improvements, and compared the timeline of innovations in the DIY space with the timing of similar innovations in the commercial space. Results: We identified and categorized innovations in Nightscout with the most commonly appearing themes of: visualization improvements, equipment improvements, and user experience improvements. Other emerging themes included: Care Portal support, safety, remote monitoring, decision support, international support, artificial pancreas, pushover notifications, and open-source collaboration. Conclusions: This rapid development of patient-designed DIY innovations driven by unmet needs in the type 1 diabetes community reflects a revolutionary, bottom–up approach to medical innovation. Nightscout users accessed features earlier than if they had waited for commercial products, and they also personalized their tools and devices, empowering them to become the experts of their own care.
First report of Lyme borreliosis leading to cardiac bradydysrhythmia in two cats
Authors: Tørnqvist-Johnsen Camilla , Dickson Sara-Ann , Rolph Kerry , Palermo Valentina , Hodgkiss-Geere Hannah , Gilmore Paul , Gunn-Moore Danièlle A 
Published: January 2020

Case series summary Two cats were presented for investigation of bradyarrhythmia detected by their referring veterinarians during routine examination. Both cats had extensive investigations, including haematology, serum biochemistry with electrolytes and thyroxine concentrations, systolic blood pressure measurement, echocardiography, electrocardiography and infectious disease testing. Infectious disease testing included serology for Toxoplasma gondii, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi, and PCR for B burgdorferi antigen in both cats. Case 1 was also assessed by PCR for Bartonella henselae antigen and case 2 was assessed for Dirofilaria immitis by serology. All infectious disease tests, other than for B burgdorferi, were negative. Case 1 was diagnosed with Lyme carditis based on marked bradydysrhythmia, positive B burgdorferi serology, a structurally normal heart and clinical resolution with appropriate treatment with a 4-year follow-up. Case 2 was diagnosed with Lyme carditis based on marked bradydysrhythmia and positive B burgdorferi PCR; however, this cat had structural heart disease that did not resolve with treatment. Relevance and novel information This small case series describes two B burgdorferi positive cats presenting with newly diagnosed cardiac abnormalities consistent with those found in humans and dogs with Lyme carditis. Both cats were asymptomatic as perceived by their owners; the arrhythmia was detected by their veterinarians.
Glycosaminoglycans from Co-Products of «Scyliorhinus canicula»: Extraction and Purification in Reference to the European Pharmacopoeia Requirement
Authors: Talmoudi Nawras , Ghariani Noureddine , Sadok Saloua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs), including hyaluronic acid (HA), dermatan sulfate (DS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) are essential components of the bone and cartilage tissues. CS isolated from the cartilage tissue of various animals has found application in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and food industries. In the first part of the present work, three methods were used and compared to extract and purify glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from the cartilage powder of a local cartilaginous marine species «Scyliorhinus canicula». One of these GAGs, chondroitin sulfate (CS), will be exploited for the development of an anti-osteoarthritis generic at the request of a collaborative pharmaceutical industry. Thus this active ingredient must meet the requirements and tests described by the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.). These tests are treated in the second part of this work.ResultsAmong the three methods that have been applied in the present work, in order to optimize the best process for GAGs preparation, enzymatic hydrolysis with papain followed by deproteinisation using trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was found the best one. The separation of the extracted GAGs using agarose gel electrophoresis, and the identification of bands by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, revealed that the cartilage GAGs of« Scyliorhinus canicula»are exclusively chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatane sulfate (DS), with proportions of 12.889 and 87.111% respectively, and that CS is of type C. The extraction technique with papain provides a product with GAGs content of around 90%. The TCA deproteinisation yielded the lowest level of protein (2.8%) in the extracted GAGs, less than 3%, which is the standard required by the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.).Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) assay suggests that the titration technique, although is introduced by the Ph. Eur. for the determination of CS content, is not an accurate method, and that the values obtained by the optimized and validated HPLC method, described in this work, are more exact.ConclusionThe extracted and purified active ingredient is perfectly conform to the tests described by the Ph. Eur. The results suggest that the co-product ofScyliorhinus caniculawould be a perfect source of molecules of pharmacological interest, obtained by a simple and non-agressive process.
The 2011 break in the part-time indicator and the evolution of wage inequality in Germany
Authors: Fitzenberger Bernd , Seidlitz Arnim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGerman social security records involve an indicator for part-time or full-time work. In 2011, the reporting procedure was changed suggesting that a fraction of worker recorded to be working full-time before the change were in fact part-time workers. This study develops a correction based on estimating the probability of being a part-time worker before and after the break. Using the correction, the paper confirms that the rise in wage inequality among full-time workers in West Germany until 2010 is not a spurious consequence of the misreporting of working time.
Reconstruction and analysis of a carbon-core metabolic network for Dunaliella salina
Authors: Fachet Melanie , Witte Carina , Flassig Robert J. , Rihko-Struckmann Liisa K. , McKie-Krisberg Zaid , Polle Jürgen E. W. , Sundmacher Kai 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The green microalga Dunaliella salina accumulates a high proportion of β-carotene during abiotic stress conditions. To better understand the intracellular flux distribution leading to carotenoid accumulation, this work aimed at reconstructing a carbon core metabolic network for D. salina CCAP 19/18 based on the recently published nuclear genome and its validation with experimental observations and literature data.

Results
The reconstruction resulted in a network model with 221 reactions and 212 metabolites within three compartments: cytosol, chloroplast and mitochondrion. The network was implemented in the MATLAB toolbox and checked for feasibility. Furthermore, a flux balance analysis was carried out for different light and nutrient uptake rates. The comparison of the experimental knowledge with the model prediction revealed that the results of the stoichiometric network analysis are plausible and in good agreement with the observed behavior. Accordingly, our model provides an excellent tool for investigating the carbon core metabolism of D. salina.

Conclusions
The reconstructed metabolic network of D. salina presented in this work is able to predict the biological behavior under light and nutrient stress and will lead to an improved process understanding for the optimized production of high-value products in microalgae.
Global scale transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes involve in early somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour
Authors: Chen Yukun , Xu Xiaoping , Liu Zhuanxia , Zhang Zihao , XuHan Xu , Lin Yuling , Lai Zhongxion 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSomatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process of somatic cells that dedifferentiate to totipotent embryonic stem cells and generate embryos in vitro. Longan SE has been established and wildly used as model system for studying embryogenesis in woody plants, SE-related genes had been characterized. In spite of that, a comprehensive overview of SE at a molecular level is still absent. To understand the molecular mechanisms during longan SE, we examined the transcriptome changes by using Illumina HiSeq from the four distinct developmental stages, including non-embryogenic callus (NEC), embryogenic callus (EC), incomplete compact pro-embryogenic cultures (ICpEC), globular embryos (GE).ResultsRNA-seq of the four samples generated a total of 243.78 million high quality reads, approximately 81.5% of the data were mapped to longan genome. The cDNA libraries of NEC, EC, ICpEC and GE, generated 22,743, 19,745, 21,144, 21,102 expressed transcripts, 1935, 1710, 1816, 1732 novel transcripts, 2645, 366, 505, 588 unique genes, respectively. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 10,642, 4180, 5846 and 1785 genes were differentially expressed in the pairwise comparisons of NEC_vs_EC, EC_vs_ICpEC, EC_vs_GE, ICpEC_vs_GE, respectively. Among them, plant hormones signalling related genes were significantly enriched, especially the auxin and cytokinin signalling components. The transcripts of flavonoid biosynthesis related genes were mainly expressed in NEC, while fatty acid biosynthesis related genes mainly accumulated in early SE. In addition, the extracelluar protein encoding genesLTP,CHI,GLP,AGP,EP1were related to longan SE. Combined with the FPKM value of longan nine tissues transcription, 27 SE specific or preferential genes (LEC1,LEC1-like,PDF1.3,GH3.6,AGL80,PIN1,BBM,WOX9,WOX2,ABI3, et al.) and 28 NEC preferential genes (LEA5,CNOT3,DC2.15,PR1–1,NsLTP2,DIR1,PIP1,PIP2.1,TIP2–1,POD-P7andPOD5et al.) were characterized as molecular markers for longan early SE. qRT-PCR validation of SE-related genes showed a high correlation between RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data.ConclusionThis study provides new insights into the role of the transcriptome during early SE in longan. Differentially expressed genes reveal that plant hormones signalling, flavonoid and fatty acid biosynthesis, and extracelluar protein related genes were involved in longan early SE. It could serve as a valuable platform resource for further functional studies addressing embryogenesis in woody plants.
Analysis of MADS-box genes revealed modified flowering gene network and diurnal expression in pineapple
Authors: Zhang Xiaodan , Fatima Mahpara , Zhou Ping , Ma Qing , Ming Ray 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Pineapple is the most important crop with CAM photosynthesis, but its molecular biology is underexplored. MADS-box genes are crucial transcription factors involving in plant development and several biological processes. However, there is no systematic analysis of MADS-box family genes in pineapple (Ananas comosus).

Results
Forty-eight MADS-box genes were identified in the pineapple genome. Based on the phylogenetic studies, pineapple MADS-box genes can be divided into type I and type II MADS-box genes. Thirty-four pineapple genes were classified as type II MADS-box genes including 32 MIKC-type and 2 Mδ-type, while 14 type I MADS-box genes were further divided into Mα, Mβ and Mγ subgroups. A majority of pineapple MADS-box genes were randomly distributed across 19 chromosomes. RNA-seq expression patterns of MADS-box genes in four different tissues revealed that more genes were highly expressed in flowers, which was confirmed by our quantitative RT-PCR results. There is no FLC and CO orthologs in pineapple. The loss of FLC and CO orthologs in pineapple indicated that modified flowering genes network in this tropical plant compared with Arabidopsis. The expression patterns of MADS-box genes in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic leaf tissues indicated the potential roles of some MADS-box genes in pineapple CAM photosynthesis. The 23% of pineapple MADS-box genes showed diurnal rhythm, indicating that these MADS-box genes are regulated by circadian clock.

Conclusions
MADS-box genes identified in pineapple are closely related to flowering development. Some MADS-box genes are involved in CAM photosynthesis and regulated by the circadian clock. These findings will facilitate research on the development of unusual spiral inflorescences on pineapple fruit and CAM photosynthesis.
Post-lingual non-syndromic hearing loss phenotype: a polygenic case with 2 biallelic mutations in MYO15A and MITF
Authors: Khalil Athar , Karroum Samer Bou , Barake Rana , Dunya Gabriel , Abou-Rizk Samer , Kamar Amina , Nemer Georges , Bassim Marc 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Hearing loss (HL) represents the most common congenital sensory impairment with an incidence of 1–5 per 1000 live births. Non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is an isolated finding that is not part of any other disorder accounting for 70% of all genetic hearing loss cases.

Methods
In the current study, we reported a polygenic mode of inheritance in an NSHL consanguineous family using exome sequencing technology and we evaluated the possible effect of the detected single nucleotide variants (SNVs) using in silico methods.

Results
Two bi-allelic SNVs were detected in the affected patients; a MYO15A (. p.V485A) variant, and a novel MITF (p.P338L) variant. Along with these homozygous mutations, we detected two heterozygous variants in well described hearing loss genes (MYO7A and MYH14). The novel MITF p. Pro338Leu missense mutation was predicted to change the protein structure and function.

Conclusion
A novel MITF mutation along with a previously described MYO15A mutation segregate with an autosomal recessive non-syndromic HL case with a post-lingual onset. The findings highlight the importance of carrying whole exome sequencing for a comprehensive assessment of HL genetic heterogeneity.
Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (cVEDA): A developmental cohort study protocol
Authors:   The cVEDA Consortium, Sharma Eesha , Vaidya Nilakshi , Iyengar Udita , Zhang Yuning , Holla Bharath , Purushottam Meera , Chakrabarti Amit , Fernandes Gwen Sascha , Heron Jon , Hickman Matthew , Desrivieres Sylvane , Kartik Kamakshi , Jacob Preeti , Rangaswamy Madhavi , Bharath Rose Dawn , Barker Gareth , Orfanos Dimitri Papadopoulos , Ahuja Chirag , Murthy Pratima , Jain Sanjeev , Varghese Mathew , Jayarajan Deepak , Kumar Keshav , Thennarasu Kandavel , Basu Debashish , Subodh B. N. , Kuriyan Rebecca , Kurpad Sunita Simon , Kalyanram Kumaran , Krishnaveni Ghattu , Krishna Murali , Singh Rajkumar Lenin , Singh L. Roshan , Kalyanram Kartik , Toledano Mireille , Schumann Gunter , Benegal Vivek 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundLow and middle-income countries like India with a large youth population experience a different environment from that of high-income countries. The Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (cVEDA), based in India, aims to examine environmental influences on genomic variations, neurodevelopmental trajectories and vulnerability to psychopathology, with a focus on externalizing disorders.MethodscVEDA is a longitudinal cohort study, with planned missingness design for yearly follow-up. Participants have been recruited from multi-site tertiary care mental health settings, local communities, schools and colleges. 10,000 individuals between 6 and 23 years of age, of all genders, representing five geographically, ethnically, and socio-culturally distinct regions in India, and exposures to variations in early life adversity (psychosocial, nutritional, toxic exposures, slum-habitats, socio-political conflicts, urban/rural living, mental illness in the family) have been assessed using age-appropriate instruments to capture socio-demographic information, temperament, environmental exposures, parenting, psychiatric morbidity, and neuropsychological functioning. Blood/saliva and urine samples have been collected for genetic, epigenetic and toxicological (heavy metals, volatile organic compounds) studies. Structural (T1, T2, DTI) and functional (resting state fMRI) MRI brain scans have been performed on approximately 15% of the individuals. All data and biological samples are maintained in a databank and biobank, respectively.DiscussionThe cVEDA has established the largest neurodevelopmental database in India, comparable to global datasets, with detailed environmental characterization. This should permit identification of environmental and genetic vulnerabilities to psychopathology within a developmental framework. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological data from this study are already yielding insights on brain growth and maturation patterns.
Abnormal expression of rno_circRNA_014900 and rno_circRNA_005442 induced by ketamine in the rat hippocampus
Authors: Mao Jing , Li Tianmei , Fan Di , Zhou Hongli , Feng Jianguo , Liu Li , Zhang Chunxiang , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Recent studies have shown that circular RNA (circRNA) is rich in microRNA (miRNA) binding sites. We have previously demonstrated that the antidepressant effect of ketamine is related to the abnormal expression of various miRNAs in the brain. This study determined the expression profile of circRNAs in the hippocampus of rats treated with ketamine.

Methods
The aberrantly expressed circRNAs in rat hippocampus after ketamine injection were analyzed by microarray chip, and we further validated these circRNAs by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The target genes of the different circRNAs were predicted using bioinformatic analyses, and the functions and signal pathways of these target genes were investigated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses.

Results
Microarray analysis showed that five circRNAs were aberrantly expressed in rat hippocampus after ketamine injection (fold change > 2.0, p < 0.05). The results from the qRT-PCR showed that one of the circRNAs was significantly increased (rno_circRNA_014900; fold change = 2.37; p = 0.03), while one was significantly reduced (rno_circRNA_005442; fold change = 0.37; p = 0.01). We discovered a significant enrichment in several GO terms and pathways associated with depression.

Conclusion
Our findings showed the abnormal expression of ketamine-induced hippocampal circRNAs in rats.
Bioscience learning in nursing: a cross-sectional survey of beginning nursing students in Norway
Authors: Evensen Aud Emelie , Brataas Hildfrid Vikkelsmoe , Cui Guanglin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Taking bioscience courses such as anatomy and physiology (A&P) is important for the development of nursing competence, but learning such subjects is also a challenge for many students. Nursing students’ motivation, academic performance and exposure to different teaching methods may influence the learning process.

Methods
A descriptive survey was conducted with first-year nursing students at a university in Central Norway to explore their motivations, academic performance, and responses to various teaching methods used in an A&P course.

Results
The study provided insight into nursing students motivation, academic performance, and responses to various teaching approaches. 57 students participated in the survey and 91 % of them passed the course. The majority (61.4%) reported that classroom lecture was the most efficient and appreciated teaching method. Independent study was significantly associated with higher A&P exam grades (p-value < 0.05).

Conclusion
The survey suggests a need for further research about the quality, and presentation of anatomy and physiology units.
Development of therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of diseases
Authors: Lu Ruei-Min , Hwang Yu-Chyi , Liu I-Ju , Lee Chi-Chiu , Tsai Han-Zen , Li Hsin-Jung , Wu Han-Chung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt has been more than three decades since the first monoclonal antibody was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) in 1986, and during this time, antibody engineering has dramatically evolved. Current antibody drugs have increasingly fewer adverse effects due to their high specificity. As a result, therapeutic antibodies have become the predominant class of new drugs developed in recent years. Over the past five years, antibodies have become the best-selling drugs in the pharmaceutical market, and in 2018, eight of the top ten bestselling drugs worldwide were biologics. The global therapeutic monoclonal antibody market was valued at approximately US$115.2 billion in 2018 and is expected to generate revenue of $150 billion by the end of 2019 and $300 billion by 2025. Thus, the market for therapeutic antibody drugs has experienced explosive growth as new drugs have been approved for treating various human diseases, including many cancers, autoimmune, metabolic and infectious diseases. As of December 2019, 79 therapeutic mAbs have been approved by the US FDA, but there is still significant growth potential. This review summarizes the latest market trends and outlines the preeminent antibody engineering technologies used in the development of therapeutic antibody drugs, such as humanization of monoclonal antibodies, phage display, the human antibody mouse, single B cell antibody technology, and affinity maturation. Finally, future applications and perspectives are also discussed.