bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global ocean primary production trends in the modern ocean color satellite record (1998–2015)
Authors: Gregg Watson W , Rousseaux Cecile S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ocean primary production (PP), representing the uptake of inorganic carbon through photosynthesis, supports marine life and affects carbon exchange with the atmosphere. It is difficult to ascertain its magnitude, variability, and trends due to our inability to measure it directly at large scales. Yet it is paramount for understanding changes in marine health, fisheries, and the global carbon cycle. Using assimilation of ocean color satellite data into an ocean biogeochemical model, we estimate that global net ocean PP has experienced a small but significant decline −0.8 PgC y−1 (−2.1%) decade−1 (P < 0.05) in the 18-year satellite record from 1998 to 2015. This decline is associated with shallowing surface mixed layer depth (−2.4% decade−1) and decreasing nitrate concentrations (−3.2% decade−1). Relative contributions to PP by various types of ocean phytoplankton have changed, with decreases in production by intermediate-sized phytoplankton represented by chlorophytes (−14.3% decade−1). This is partially compensated by increases from the unique, more nutrient-efficient, coccolithophores (8.4% decade−1). Geographically, the North and Equatorial Indian Oceans are responsible for much of the decline in PP, falling 0.16 and 0.69 PgC y−1 decade−1, respectively. Reduced production by large, fast-growing diatoms along with chlorophytes characterizes the decline here. In contrast, increases in PP are found in the North and North Central Pacific. The increases here are led by chlorophytes in the North Pacific and the small cyanobacteria in the North Central Pacific. These results suggest that the multi-decadal satellite observational record, coupled with an underlying representation of marine biodiversity in a model, can monitor the uptake of carbon by phytoplankton and that changes, although small, are occurring in the global oceans.
Climate change impact on energy demand in building-urban-atmosphere simulations through the 21st century
Authors: Lipson Mathew J , Thatcher Marcus , Hart Melissa A , Pitman Andrew 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Social, technological and climatic changes will transform the way energy is consumed over the 21st century, with important implications for energy networks and greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we develop a method to efficiently explore climate-energy interactions under various scenarios of climate, urban infrastructure and technological change. We couple the Urban Climate and Energy Model with the Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model as a full-height single column driven with a series of global climate model simulations in an ensemble approach. The framework is evaluated against observations, then a series of century-scale simulations are undertaken to examine projected climate change impacts on electricity and gas demand in the temperate/ oceanic climate of Melbourne, Australia. With air-conditioning ownership remaining at early 21st century levels, and in the absence of other changes, climate change under radiative forcing RCP 8.5 increases peak electricity demand by 10%, and decreases peak gas demand by 22% between 2000 and 2100. However, if projected increases in air-conditioning ownership are considered, peak electricity demand increases by 84%, surpassing peak gas demand in the second half of the century. These findings highlight the complex nature of changes facing energy networks. Changes will be location and scenario dependent.
The screening of bioactive compound of the green algae Halimeda macroloba (Decaisne, 1841) as an antioxidant agent from Banyak Island Aceh Singkil
Authors: Gazali M , Nurjanah  , Zamani N P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Banyak Island is one of the outest island in western Indonesia which high biodiversity particularly macroalgae. One of the macroalgae which have potential food and herbal drug was Halimeda macroloba. The aim of this study was to screen the bioactive compound of the H. macroloba as antioxidant source. The sampling of H. macroloba were located at the coast of Banyak Island, Aceh Singkil. The reseach stages including the chemical composition, extraction, phytochemical screening, the antioxidant assays (DPPH, CUPRAC and FRAP). The result showed the highest rendement content was obtained from ethanol extract as much as 2.32%. Subsequently, the extract of the H. macroloba detected phenol compound. The antioxidant activity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method were obtained IC50 121. 445 ± 1.03 mg/L, the n-hexane extract have IC50 181.945 ± 1.95 mg/L and ethyl acetate extract of IC50 228.67 mg/L. The antioxidant with ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method showed that the ethanol extract possesses the value of antioxidant capacity was 516.50±0.70 μmol trolox/g extract, ethyl acetate extract value was 482.00±1.41 μmol trolox/g extract and n-hexane extract was 323.50±0.70 μmol trolox/g extract. While, the CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) with ethanol extract was 159.85 ±0.70 μmol trolox/g extract, ethyl acetate extract was 66.38±0.03 μmol trolox/g extract and n-hexane extract was 49.15 ±0.035 μmol trolox/g extract. The results from three methods of antioxidant showed the ethanol extract possesses high antioxidant capacity. Therefore, this research give fruitfull information regarding the potential green alga H. macroloba as new antioxidant sources for human health.
Social structure of seaweed farmers in border areas: cases in seaweed farmers in Nunukan Island
Authors: Shafitri N , Zulham A , Muawanah U 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Seaweed is one of the commodities of the high economic value of the marine and fisheries sector in the district of Nunukan and it has been well developed. This business has formed a new social structure consisting of capital owners or traders and producers. This research aims to analyze the activity patterns of seaweed farming and the construction of social structures in seaweed farming communities. In-depth interviews were conducted in April 2018 interviewing a total of 83 respondents in Nunukan Island. We analyzed the pattern of seaweed business activities Production on input ownership; Source of acquisition of seaweed business assets; the source of asset capital. We also find that most of seaweed cultivation business based on farmer’s capital and by themselves. However, they use labor for pre-production and post-production from workers in the villages and during production, fewer workers are needed. Furthermore, the social structure of the community in the seaweed business on Nunukan Island can be grouped into 4 levels. namely seaweed wholesaler (1st level); peluncur/small seaweed traders (2nd level), seaweed farmers (3rd level) and seaweed workers (4th level).
Numerical study of M2 tide on the Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Anwar K , Haditiar Y , Ikhwan M , Wafdan R , Setiawan I , Marwan  , Muchlisin Z A , Rizal S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
According to the previous study, M2 from SCS amplified around the coastal region but almost low in the Gulf of Thailand (hereafter GoT). To detect the M2 at the shallow part of GoT, we used the 2D numerical model simulation. The model was driven by M2 amplitude and phase from a high-resolution spatial data provided by the Geospatial Indonesia Agency. M2 model was well verified with the recent studies and assimilation data. We showed the amphridomic point around southeastern of GoT around 103.5 E and 8.5-8.6 N. The amphridomic point has clockwise direction. We also showed a virtual amphridomic point at the east of GoT (100 E and 11.5-12 N). The M2 amplitude was highest in the Bangkok Bay. The study showed an important of the high-resolution model simulation on the GoT tides.
Analysis of food habits and length-weight relationships (LWRs) of java barb (Barbonymus gonionotus Bleeker) in Reubee River, Pidie, Aceh
Authors: Nurfadillah N , Desrita D , Phonna B A , Defira C N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the food habits and length-weight relationship of java barb (BarbonymusgonionotusBleeker) in Reubeeriver, Pidie. This study was conducted in August – September 2017. Ten samples fish were collected using purposive sampling method from the fishermen's landing sites along Reubeeriver. The digestive tract investigation showed that as many as 8 from 10 total fish sample were filled by food. Then, the food wasexamined and resulted in 6 types: moss liver (Antheceroptopsida sp.), bamboo roots pentung (Dendrocalamusasper), bilis fish (Mystacoleucus sp.), fig leaf (Ficusracemosa), jerbung shrimp (Penaeusmerguiensis), and worms (Lumbricusrubellus). The highest percentage of occurrence frequency and index of propenderence found on Moss respectively 100% and 57%, while the highest percentage of volumetric value obtained on shrimp (35%). The analysis of food habits indicated that Java barb (Barbonymusgonionotus) in Reubee River is a group of omnivores that tend to be herbivorous fish with a ratio of 3:1 gut length. The result of calculation of lenght-weight relationship on 50 fish samples depicted an average of 127.42 mm with an average weight of 56.46 grams. While the result of growth pattern calculation was allometrik negative with b value equal to 0.938 which means long growth was faster than weight fish body. The condition factor gave a normal pattern with a value of 107.16.
Effects of probiotics (rabal) with different doses on the survival, feed conversion, and growth of giant prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Authors: Dachi A L , Muhammadar A A , Sahidhir I , Putra D F , Irwan Z A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aims to determine the effect of the best RABAL probiotic dose on the media for the maintenance of giant shrimp larvae(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)on the survival, feed conversion, and growth. This research was conducted from March to April 2019 at Brackish Water Aquaculture(Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau, BPBAP) Ujung Batee, Aceh Besar district, Province of Aceh. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 levels of treatments and 4 repetitions. The treatments used of RABAL with a dose (A) 0 ppm, (B) 75 ppm, (C) 150 ppm, and (D) 225 ppm. The frequency of administration of RABAL was once a day. The giant prawn larvae used was a larvae stage with an average weight of 0.05 g/larvae. Based on the result of ANOVA test the best value was obtained a treatment D (225 ppm) with absolute weight growth value of 0.16 g ± 0.003, absolute growth length of 1.30 cm ± 0.053, specific growth rate 5.08 ± 0.043, survival rate 96.25 ± 4.787 and feed conversion ratio 0.83 ± 0.013, respectively. The result of this research showed that the administration of RABAL with different doses into maintenance media had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the growth and feed conversion ratio of giant shrimp larvae but did not significant influence (P>0.05) on the survival rate of giant shrimp larvae.
Dietary administration of sea grape powder (Caulerpa lentillifera) effects on growth and survival rate of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)
Authors: Putra D F , Rahmawati M , Abidin M Z , Ramlan R 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine the dietary administration effect of sea grape powder(Caulerpa lentillifera)in the diet on the growth performance and survival rate of black tiger shrimp(Penaeus monodon).Two hundred forty shrimps (PL 15) averaging 0.0020 g were randomly distributed into 24 of 10 l tanks. The 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g/kg of sea grape powder was supplemented into six formulated feed. The result showed that the application of the sea grape(Caulerpa lentillifera)meal in the diet gave a significant effect on the weight gain, specific growth rate, daily growth rate, absolute length, feed conversion ratio, and feed utilization efficiency, but no significant effect on survival rate. The optimum weight gain, specific growth rate, daily growth rate, absolute length, feed conversion ratio and feed utilization efficiency were found at treatment D (30 g/kg diet) with the values were 0.20 gram, 7, 86% /day, 0.003 g/day, 26.6 mm, 0.81 and 123.84% respectively. Based on these result, it is concluded that the recommended level of sea grape powder dietary level(Caulerpa lentillifera)in shrimp feed(Penaeus monodon)was 30 g/kg.
The suitability of land analysis to prepared mangrove rehabilitation in Kuala Langsa, Indonesia
Authors: Ruzanna A , Dewiyanti I , Yuni S M , Purnawan S , Setiawan I 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this research wasto understand the ecological parameters, which of salinity (%o), intertidal fluctuation (m), substrate texture (%), pH, organicC (%), temperature (°C), the amount and varieties of mangroves, as well as to understand the suitability of the land prepared for mangrove rehabilitation efforts in Kuala Langsa, Sungai Leung and Cinta Raja Villages of Langsa City. This research was conducted using the purposive sampling method. The locations of the observation were determined based on the minor and severe damages criterion of the mangrove. The mangrove land suitability data analysis was conducted using the scoring and weighting method. The results showed that in station 1 the mangrove criterion was severe damage and categorized as suitable with a suitability value of 74%, in station 2 the mangrove criterion was minor damage and categorized as very suitable with a suitability value of 80%, in station 3 the mangrove criterion was severe damage and categorized as very suitable with a suitability value of 82.5%, in station 4 the mangrove criterion was minor damage and categorized as very suitable with a suitability value of 80%, in station 5 the mangrove criterion was severe damage and categorized as very suitable with a suitability value of 76.5%, and in station 6 the mangrove criterion was minor damage and categorized as very suitable with a suitability value of 80%. The location of mangroves with a damaged criterion, which includes minor and severe damages, no serious ecological condition change could be detected hence rehabilitation efforts could be done at the location.
Application of surplus production model on tuna fishery in Sabang, Weh Island, Indonesia
Authors: Zainun I , Sofyan S , Fajri F , Bagio B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Production of tuna in Sabang on the last two years has decreased significantly. In 2015, for example, the number of tuna production was 6,124 tons per week, while in 2017 it fell to 5,200 tons per week, or decreased by around 15 percent. This study aimed to analyze the amount of biomass, catch, and effort of tuna in sustainable conditions in Sabang using a quantitative method and 11 years (2006-2016) time-series data. The data consisted of catches and inputs from each fishing gear per year during the observation period. The data were analyzed by the surplus production model that was processed using Excel and Shazam. The results showed that the sustainable and actual production function models of tuna in Sabang had trajectories with patterns that continued to increase during the observation period. The current level of production over the past few years has exceeded sustainable production, and if this condition continues, it is feared there will be overfishing and overcapacity.
A short review on induced spawning and seed production of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus in Malaysia
Authors: Marimuthu K 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAfrican catfishClarias gariepinusis one among the highly prized freshwater fish species. The most important criteria for successful propagation of any cultivable fish species in aquaculture is the availability of sufficient quantity larvae of uniform size, quality, and free of diseases, parasites, and pests at the time of stocking in culture ponds. Traditional methods of induced spawning for fish are based on the injection of gonadotropic hormones from different sources, including extract of carp pituitary gland, partially purified fish gonadotropic hormones and mammalian gonadotropic hormones, especially human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Several synthetic analogues of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) and preparations have been used in fish breeding and seed production in different fish species. GnRH and its super-active analogues have been used in catfish breeding. Such treatment results in the release of the fish own gonadotropin. The use of natural and synthetic hormones in the induction of spawning and seed production in air-breathing fishes is well documented. This paper will review the research conducted on induced spawning and seed production of African catfish(Clarias gariepinus) in Malaysia.
Studying Resilience on Urban Cultural Landscape Heritage
Authors: Utami W , Andalucia  , Sitorus R , Thalarosa B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Managing is a significant process on a maintenance process. In cultural landscape heritage, it must be done for conservation. Based on values, the elements of local heritage can be define accurately and can be used as a guide to elaborate with the specific or definite goals. In the recent, Toba Lake was chosen as a national tourism destination. The main effect of it, it has been create many programs to support the tourism activity. There are many signs to elaborate Toba Lake as a tourism destination for keeping its values. All of the spatial demand must be balance with the appropriate action by the accurate policy. The next process after balancing process is about creating a built environment and the local community to become a resilience environment which supported by resilience community. Discussion on resilience with cultural landscape theory will be use as a preposition to explore field data. Without thinking about spatial and cultural value, it will occur a degradation of nature and culture that can be dangerous for the local community as the main settlers.
Studies on Flexure Characteristics of Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete as an Element of Triple Friction Pendulum Damper
Authors: Umniati B S , Sulton M , Pratama M M A , Mahendra A G , Prameswara A P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the flexural characteristics of base isolation plates made from bamboo-reinforced concrete with dimensions of 420 mm x 420 mm x 180 mm. Bamboo reinforcement was used at the inner-edge of the plate and steel reinforcement was used in the inner part of the plate. The independent variables were concrete compressive strength of 28,5 MPa and 33,7 MPa and bamboo reinforcement ratio and steel reinforcement ratio of 0.00833 and 0.00838 respectively. The bamboo reinforcement used Gigantochloa apus with an ultimate tensile strength of 177,39 MPa. And yield tensile strength of steel reinforcement 628.5 MPa. To reduce friction on concrete, the concrete surface was covered with CFRP which was attached using an epoxy and resin mixture. The results showed that the bending load capacity of the plates with fc’ 28,5 MPa and 33,7 MPa compressive strength was 112.1 kN and 111.9 kN respectively. From the graph of the curvature moment relationship, it is shown that the plate with fc’ 28,5 MPa compressive strength has higher ductility than that with fc’ 33,7 MPa. From the crack pattern, it is evident that the failure occurred as flexural failure of all specimens.
The Effect of PET Plastic Addition (Polyethylene Terephthalate) and Carbide Waste Filler for Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course (AC-BC) on Marshall Characteristics
Authors: Hidayat N , Pratama G N I P , Pramita I D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To improve the quality of infrastructure that is durable and solid, innovation needed to make sure the high quality ofroads. This study aimed at knowing the effect of PET addition in the percentage of 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% for asphalt concrete-binder course on Marshall characteristics, and revealing whether the results of Marshall testing with added PET material and carbide waste filler has fulfilled the general specification of Directorate General of Highway 2010. This study used PET plastic addition with variations of 0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. Each variation of PET content was made on 3 samples for objects testing to obtain values of density, VIM, VMA, VFA, stability, flow, and MQ. The results of this study indicated that the addition of PET plastic content and carbide waste filler affects the value of the asphalt characteristic of Marshall. The most effective addition was at 1% level with a density of 2.23 gr/cc, VIM value of 4.82%, VMA value of 14.58%, VFA value of 67.18%, flow value of 3.30 mm, stability value of 3060.42 kg and MQ value of 936.79 kg/mm. Overall, the addition of PET plastic and carbide waste filler to the characteristics of the marshall.
The Effects of On-Street Parking toward Street Performance (Case Study: Kaliurang Street, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Authors: Putra R , Hidayah R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Street is a transportation infrastructure that people use in daily activities. The quality of street performance greatly affects community activities. Street performance is influenced by various activities around the street. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of on street parking toward street performance in terms of street capacity and level of service. The study was conducted in three stages, i.e. preliminary survey (determining the time and location of the study), data collection (geometric data of streets, traffic volume, parking volume, pedestrian volume, number of slow vehicles, and access of vehicles from the side of the street, data analysis (calculate streets capacity and level of service. The result of research shows that there is influence of on street parking activity toward street performance in Kaliurang street. The effective width of the street is 10 meters down by 3.6 meters and the street capacity decreases from 3097.5 smp/hour to 2151.5 smp/hour. The decline was caused by various activities on the side of the street such as one on street parking. On a weekday, the morning of the Monday and Thursday, the level of service in Kaliurang Street is at level C, while on the holidays precisely Sunday morning is at level B. The level of street services increased significantly during the afternoon. In the afternoon, the level of street services is at level E on weekday or holiday.
Rhizobacteria effect on bioaccumulation and biotransformation of arsenic and heavy metal compounds in the technogenous soils
Authors: Belogolova G A , Baenguev B A , Gordeeva O N , Sokolova M G , Pastukhov M V , Poletaeva V I , Vaishlya O B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to disclose migration and transformation of heavy metal and arsenic compounds in the soil-microorganisms-plant system. Plants have been grown on soil inoculated with experimental rhizobacteria Azotobacter and Bacillus. In our experiment, soil samples were collected close to the industrial site of the former Angarsk Metallurgical Plant (AMP) used to produce arsenic (Svirsk town, Eastern Siberia) and from background site. High As, Pb and Cd abundances, dozens and hundreds of times exceeding the Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC), were found in the soil around the former plant. Each soil sample was divided into control soil and soil inoculated with rhizobacteria used for plant growing. Concentrations of chemical elements were analyzed in easily exchangeable, carbonate, organic, and Fe hydroxide-associated fractions and chelate forms. Rhizobacteria initiate arsenic and heavy metals immobilization in organic fraction. The highest element abundances were found in the chelate form in soil inoculated by rhizobacteria. The intensity of As and heavy metals accumulation in the plants grown on the inoculated soil is markedly low, owing to biological adsorption of elements by the cells of rhizobacteria capable of creating a barrier for their supply into plants. The study of As and heavy metals behavior under the influence of rhizobacteria is of great importance in developing new biotechnologies related to soil remediation and crop production.