bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferon-γ Release Assays for Tuberculosis Infection Diagnosis in Refugees &lt;5 Years Old
Authors: Wendorf Kristen A. , Lowenthal Phil , Feraud Jenna , Cabanting Nuny , Murto Christine 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:
New guidelines support using interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) in children ≥2 years for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, lack of experience in young children and concern that IGRAs are less sensitive than tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) limit their use. Our aim was to identify active tuberculosis (TB) cases among high risk children &lt;5 years and tested for LTBI with an IGRA.

METHODS:
. Retrospective review of domestic TB screening data from California’s Refugee Health Electronic Information System for children &lt;5 years old who resettled in California between October, 2013 and December, 2016. Children were crossmatched with the California TB registry to identify cases of TB disease between October 2013 and December 2018.

RESULTS:
A total of 3371 children &lt;5 years were identified; the majority were born in countries with high TB incidence (&gt;150 cases per 100 000). Half received IGRAs (n = 1878; 56%), a quarter received TSTs (n = 811; 24%); 1.4% of children were IGRA-positive (n = 26) and 13% were TST-positive (n = 106). Twenty-two IGRA results were indeterminate (1.2%). Sixteen children had both tests; 9 were discrepant (positive TST with negative IGRA). No cases of TB disease were identified during 10 797 person-years of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
IGRA positivity was less than TST positivity in high risk children &lt;5 years old. Despite fewer LTBI diagnoses in the IGRA-tested population, no cases of TB disease among children who tested negative were identified, suggesting IGRA is valuable tool for identifying LTBI in this population.
La guerra contra el narcotráfico en México: una guerra perdida The War on Drugs in Mexico: A Lost War
Authors: Rosen Jonathan Daniel , Zepeda Martínez Roberto 
Published: September 2020

Después del primer año de la administración del presidente Enrique Peña Nieto (2012-2018), Méxicosigue enfrentando problemas vinculados con el narcotráfico, reflejado en los altos niveles de violenciay el aumento de actividades ilícitas como el secuestro y la extorsión. Una docena de cárteles del narcotráfico luchan por controlar el territorio y las rutas de trasiego de las drogas en el país, lo que generaluchas violentas. Después de tomar posesión como presidente de la República, Felipe Calderón (2006-2012) lanzó la guerra contra el narcotráfico, y durante su sexenio, aproximadamente 70,000 personasfueron ejecutadas de forma violenta; el número de cárteles del narcotráfico se expandió, y el tráfico dedrogas continuó. En este artículo se argumenta que la guerra contra el narcotráfico en el gobierno deCalderón, y en el sexenio de Peña Nieto, ha sido y es una guerra perdida, considerando los resultados.En la primera parte, se hace un breve análisis histórico de la Guerra contra las Drogas en los EstadosUnidos y en Colombia. La segunda parte se concentra en el caso de México. Se revisan las tendenciasde la narco-violencia, delitos relacionados con el crimen organizado, y los cárteles del narcotráfico queoperan en México. Se examinan las causas de los niveles de violencia en años recientes para entender lasituación actual en el país. Finalmente, el artículo hace un análisis crítico de la estrategia de seguridady combate al narcotráfico del ex Presidente Felipe Calderón y su sucesor Enrique Peña Nieto, quien noha modificado la estrategia general de seguridad.
HACER (LO) VISIBLE LA IMAGEN FOTOGRÁFICA EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN SOCIAL
Authors: Triquell Agustina 
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo desarrolla un recorrido propositivo de metodologías de trabajo con imágenes fotográficas en el marco de la investigación social. Compuesto por las reflexiones metodológicas elaboradas en el marco de la investigación de mi tesis doctoral, se propone pensar la imagen a partir de diversos prismas, que combinados permiten potenciar las posibilidades analíticas de la imagen fotográfica para las ciencias sociales en general y para los estudios de comunicación en particular. Se desarrollará así cuatro modos de abordar diferentes imágenes en función de su origen: a) las provenientes de archivos –más o menos institucionalizados, con mayores o menores referencias más por fuera de su contenido representacional– pero que se definen como acervos existentes que referencian a una temporalidad previa a la del inicio de la investigación, b) aquellas que tienen la capacidad de despertar relatos en los sujetos que las miran, c) aquellas que circulan en el espacio público con distintas finalidades y por último, d) aquellas elaboradas dentro del marco mismo de la investigación, en instancias de talleres o actividades de producción de imágenes. Se parte de la convicción de que trabajar con imágenes implica un desafío y una serie de decisiones que exceden la mera ilustración de las ideas, por lo cual requieren ser colocadas en el centro de la discusión. Se propone aquí entonces algunas notas y posibilidades para llevar adelante este desafío.
Introduction pages
Authors: SESTRAS Radu E. 
Published: September 2020

Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 3, Volume 12, 2020: The papers published in this issue represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting researches or reviews, we invite readers to find news about: The effects of Mediterranean diet and EVOO consumption in relation to human health; Molecular docking and pharmacokinetic screening of eucalyptol (1,8 cineole) from eucalyptus essential oil against SARS-CoV-2; Anticancer potentials of leaf, stem, and root extracts of Achyranthes aspera L.; Protective potentials of ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves against acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rats; Possible ameliorative effects of hydromethanol extract of Thymus vulgaris on cadmium induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats; Beneficial effect of Mentha spicata essential oil on lead and manganese induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage in rat kidney; Plant parasitic nematode communities associated with the crop banana (Musa spp.) at Attappady Tribal hill area, India; Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of a metallic oxide nanoparticle complex of Moringa oleifera leaves extracts against selected microorganisms; Response of roadside tree leaves in a tropical city to automobile pollution; Is COVID-19 impacting plant science, and is plant science impacting COVID-19?
«Пирожки для бабушки»: критический взгляд на проектное мышление НКО
Authors: Холявин Артур 
Published: September 2020

В фокусе статьи важный аспект процесса «профессионализации» третьего сектора – формирование «проектного мышления». Рассматриваемое явление характерно для членов сообщества третьего сектора, чья деятельность ведется в рамках «проектов» – ограниченной по времени формы деятельности, которая подразумевает строгую последовательность административно-технической организации рабочего процесса. Эмпирическим материалом послужило полевое исследование 16 НКО в Петебурге, занимающихся социальной поддержкой старшего поколения. Однако ключевым кейсом является межрегиональная благотворительная организация, занимающаяся помощью одиноким постояльцам домов престарелых. На основе 30 интервью, включенных наблюдений – посещения домов престарелых, сбора подарков, организации мероприятий, обучения компьютерной грамотности, общению с пожилыми людьми – анализа видео- и фотоматериалов, а также внутренних письменных документов, статья предлагает обобщающе-теоретическое обоснование причинам уменьшения возможностей для бенефициаров влиять на процесс принятия решений относительно содержания и процесса социальной поддержки. Используя аналогию с сюжетом сказки про Красную Шапочку, автор предлагает анализ того, как формируется проект, требущий определенных административно-правовых процедур и строгой отчетности. На примере купленных пирогов, привезенных в учреждение долгосрочного ухода с собственной пекарней, показывается конфликт между исполнителями проекта и его руководителями. Кроме того, демонстрируется, как подобный менеджеризм и формализация оказания услуг оказывает негативный эффект на качество услуг, а также на степень их соответствия потребностям постояльцев дома престарелых. Отмечается, что российский кейс проектного мышления вполне укладывается в мировой тренд профессионализации третьего сектора, подразумевающий отдаление интере­сов НКО от интересов бенефициаров и увеличение различий между целями и задачами организаций на ценностном уровне. Эти тенденции объясняются потребностями организации в оценке собственной эффективности на практическом уровне, в успешности и способности поддерживать существование, а также обеспечить признание своего «экспертного знания» и административно-технических навыков со стороны других НКО и государства.
Obstructive sleep apnea and heart rhythm disorders: current state of the problem
Authors: Yaroslavskaya E. I. , Aksenova K. V. , Kharats V. E. , Sergejchik O. I. 
Published: September 2020

The factors contributing to the development of cardiac arrhythmias in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and the main methods of treating this syndrome have been analyzed and summarized.The review discusses the relationships of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with various types of heart rhythm disorders. Pathogenetic factors of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome leading to the development of cardiac arrhythmias, current treatment strategies and their impact on heart rhythm disorders are summarized.
Evaluation of hand hygiene practices in pediatric unit in a tertiary care hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kansal Bhawna , Yadav Renu , Sharma Shekhar , Punj Ajay , Mittal Gaurav 
Published: September 2020

Hand hygiene is a vital aspect of infection control and as such requires monitoring. The Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Healthcare had been available since 2009 yet the average compliance of such practices among healthcare providers (HCPs) has remained unacceptably low.This study aimed to assess the compliance of hand hygiene practices and strategies for improvement in pediatric unit in a tertiary care hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh.This prospective cross-sectional survey was conducted during November 2016 – Feb 2017. Data was collected during day as well as night duty hours in intensive care unit (ICU) and wards using a self-structured questionnaire. Data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics.A total of 114 HCPs participated in this survey of which seventy six percent had good knowledge regarding moments and steps of hand hygiene. Good compliance (&#62; 80%) was seen among faculty and nursing staff during day in ICU and was poor (&#60;40%) among residents and interns, being the lowest during night hours in wards. The major reasons reported for low compliance were non-availability of soap & disinfectants, high workload and lack of clear guidelines. Administrative and educational reforms were suggested to improve the compliance.HCPs at Department of Pediatrics have good knowledge and average compliance to hand hygiene practices. However, there is wide scope for improvement. Infrastructural support can be provided along with clear guidelines and robust training to improve these practices.
Population dynamics of the carrot cyst nematode Heterodera carotae under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Escobar-Ávila Ilia Mariana , Tovar-Soto Alejandro 
Published: September 2020

El nematodo del quiste de la zanahoria <em>Heterodera carotae</em> es un patógeno importante en <em>Daucus carota</em>. Para que las medidas de control sean efectivas, el conocimiento de la dinámica poblacional del nematodo a través del tiempo es indispensable. El presente trabajo, evaluó la dinámica poblacional de <em>H. carotae</em> en cultivo de zanahoria, durante 10 meses bajo condiciones de invernadero. En junio del 2017, se colocaron en invernadero 90 macetas (3 L volumen): 60 fueron llenadas con suelo naturalmente infestado con el nematodo (1200 J2/maceta) y las 30 restantes se utilizaron como controles (sin nematodos). En cada maceta, se sembraron 10 semillas de zanahoria. Después de la germinación, las macetas fueron muestreadas destructivamente cada 15 y 30 días (n=3). Las raíces de cada maceta fueron pesadas y posteriormente teñidas. Los quistes y J2 se extrajeron del suelo. Las poblaciones de J2 tanto en suelo como raíz, se comportaron de manera similar. En suelo, se observaron tres picos de J2 a los 105, 150 y 195 días con 735, 882 y 967 J2/200 cm3 de suelo respectivamente. Se calculó un factor de reproducción de 1.6 y se observaron cinco generaciones del nematodo. <em>H. carotae</em> causó una pérdida promedio en rendimiento de 70.8% durante el experimento. Los resultados pueden ser usados para desarrollar herramientas en la toma de decisiones para optimizar el momento de implementación de medidas de manejo.
ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ТЕРМОМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО КОНТРОЛЯ СОСТОЯНИЯ ЛЕДОПОРОДНОГО ОГРАЖДЕНИЯ
Authors: Семин Михаил Александрович , Зайцев Артем Вячеславович , Паршаков Олег Сергеевич , Желнин Максим Сергеевич 
Published: September 2020

Актуальность исследования обусловлена отсутствием в нормативных документах, регламентирующих выполнение контроля за породным массивом в условиях его искусственного замораживания, единых требований к организации и осуществлению контроля за формированием и состоянием ледопородного ограждения. Цель работы заключается в обосновании оптимальных технологических параметров термометрического контроля ледопородных ограждений строящихся шахтных стволов. Объектами исследования в настоящей работе являются замораживаемый породный массив и система искусственного замораживания. Методы: экспериментальные исследования динамики температуры замораживаемых горных пород, статистическая обработка и анализ экспериментальных данных; математическое моделирование термодинамических процессов, происходящих в условиях искусственного замораживания породного массива. Результаты. Приведены результаты обработки экспериментальных измерений температуры горных пород в контрольно-термических скважинах строящихся шахтных стволов способом искусственного замораживания. На основании обработки и анализа экспериментальных данных установлена закономерность влияния процесса искусственного замораживания на локальные участки породного массива. Проведено исследование влияния расположения контрольно-термической скважины на точность решения обратной задачи Стефана, позволяющей производить корректировку теплофизических свойств породного массива и рассчитывать температурное поле во всем объеме участка замораживаемого массива горных пород. Определено, что термометрическую скважину следует размещать в замковой плоскости ледопородного ограждения в точке с наименьшей температурой. На основе анализа аварийного выхода из строя замораживающих колонок найдено требуемое количество контрольно-термических скважин, которое позволяет обеспечить всесторонний контроль за состоянием ледопородного ограждения. При осуществлении термометрического контроля для установления достоверных параметров ледопородного ограждения и выполнения дальнейшего адекватного моделирования термодинамических процессов, происходящих в замораживаемом породном массиве, выполнено обоснование оптимального расположения и количества контрольно-термических скважин с необходимым пространственным разрешением измерений температуры горных пород по их глубине. По результатам проведенной работы разработана методика выбора технологических параметров способа термометрического контроля ледопородных ограждений шахтных стволов.
A (nova) dimensão processual da autonomia pessoal
Authors: Neto Luísa 
Published: September 2020

São discutidas as implicações das novas aplicações (neuro)científicas e as novas questões colocadas às relações entre a autonomia e a garantia dos direitos fundamentais em contexto processual, que se pretendem equacionar no contexto de um Estado de Direito Democrático. Assim, com suporte em revisão bibliográfica e em pesquisa científica interdisciplinar, avança-se para a discussão da aplicação dos conceitos e princípios jurídicos tradicionais à emergência de novas questões científicas que no plano processual reclamam solução teórico-prática.
PENGARUH MEDIA PENDINGIN DAN WAKTU TUNGGU TERHADAP POROSITAS, KEKERASAN DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO MATERIAL AL PADUAN (RONGSOKAN) MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENGECORAN EVAPORATIVE
Authors: Kresna Kepakisan Komang Aria , Siswanto Rudi 
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to know the effect of cooling media and holding time to porosity, hardness and micro structure of Al alloy material (scrap) using evaporative casting method. The method used in this research is the experimental method of smelting Al Alloy piston scrap and poured at 700°C in Styrofoam pattern mold with 10 and 15 minutes holding time, then cooled with medium air, brine, and water of PDAM for 30 minutes. The material used is excavator aluminum alloy (scrap) izumi piston with silicon aluminum alloy (Al-12% Si). The highest hardness value obtained from the results of cooling casting with the brine cooling medium for 10 minutes that is equal to 217,996 kg / mm2 average HV. At porosity, the highest value was obtained at holding time of 15 minutes with PDAM water cooling medium 5.088% against raw material. While the result of visual observation with 50x magnification of microstructure of specimen to raw material, Si material in raw material has significant length increase. The conclusion of the research results is that re-casting with variations of cooling medium and waiting time will increase hardness and increase porosity, except on brine cooling medium. Keywords: MTTR, MTTF, RCM (Reliability Centered Maintanance)
PERANCANGAN ULANG TATA LETAK FASILITAS DALAM MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS PRODUKSI (STUDI OBSERVASI PT. KALIMANTAN CONCRETE ENGGINERRING)
Authors: Fauzy Rakhmat , Sholihah Qomariyatus 
Published: September 2020

Industry is an economic activity that processes raw materials, raw materials, semi-finished goods or finished goods into high-quality goods in use, including engineering and engineering activities. Thus, industry is part of the production process. Industrial materials are taken directly or indirectly, then processed, resulting in more valuable goods for the community. In an industry not only concerns how much investment should be invested, production procedures and marketing of products but also requires the planning of facilities that include the location planning facility and facility design. Facility design includes facility system design, factory layout and material handling system (material transfer). (Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia). In its current development PT. Kalimantan Concrete Engineering extends production land by purchasing a plot of land adjacent to the current production site, but it has not been enabled yet, in addition to the placement of U-dith and Box Culvert production which have not been placed in accordance with its area in the current name still in place at road front office and other areas that are still far apart. In accordance with the above explanation, we can know that the importance of an effective and efficient facility layout planning where it is in need in material handling arrangements, time efficiency, and the flow of work mobility. So this research is expected to be able to provide trobosan in the relationship layout facilities and improve the effectiveness of work better. Keywords: PT. Kalimantan Concrete Engineering, ARC, MHPS, Efektivitas
ANALISIS PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA EKONOMISER DI PLTU PULANG PISAU
Authors: Setiawan Syahrul Fajar , Mursadin Aqli 
Published: September 2020

Ekonomiser adalah alat yang digunakan untuk memanaskan air umpan sebelum memasuki boiler dengan memanfaatkan panas dari gas pembakaran di boiler. Dengan meningkatnya suhu air pengisi boiler, juga diharapkan meningkatkan efisiensi boiler. Dalam penelitian ini, pengumpulan data dilakukan di ruang kontrol dan data yang diambil, yaitu Tc.i (suhu economizer air yang masuk), Tc.o (suhu air keluar dari economizer), Th.i (suhu gas buang sebelum memasuki economizer) dan Th.o (suhu gas asap keluar dari economizer). Koefisien perpindahan panas tertinggi 4260.492 Btu / h.ft2. ° F dan koefisien perpindahan panas terendah 4251.243 Btu / h.ft2. ° F. Efisiensi tertinggi 87,43% dan terendah 80,76%. Economizer is a tool used to heat feed water before entering boiler by utilizing heat from the combustion gas in the boiler. With the increasing temperature of boiler filler water, it is also expected to increase boiler efficiency. In this study, data collection was carried out in the control room and the data that was taken, Tc.i (the temperature of the incoming water economizer), Tc.o (the exit water temperature of the economizer), Th.i (flue gas temperature before entering economizer) and Th.o (flue gas temperature exit the economizer). High heat transfer coefficient 4260,492 Btu/h.ft2.°F and low heat transfer coefficient 4251,243 Btu/h.ft2.°F. Highest the efficiency 87,43 % and the lowest 80,76 %.
ANALISA EFEKTIVITAS HEAT TRANSFER SAH PLTU DENGAN METODE ASME 4.0 dan 4.3
Authors: Zaki M. Faza Ghani , Ghofur Abdul 
Published: September 2020

Pemanas udara adalah salah satu peralatan tambahan yang sangat penting dalam penggunaan perpindahan panas dalam boiler, di mana peralatan ini berfungsi untuk memanaskan udara untuk pembakaran dengan menggunakan panas dari sisa gas panas dari pembakaran sebelum dikirim ke cerobong asap. Untuk menjaga kinerja pemanas udara, maka analisis efektivitas perpindahan panas pada pemanas udara dilakukan dengan uji kinerja menggunakan metode ASME PTC 4.0 dan ASME PTC 4.3. Pada data commissioning, SAH unit 1 memiliki efisiensi sebesar 58,69%. Namun, dari hasil analisis penelitian perpindahan panas di Secondary Air Heater unit 1 pada 2 Maret 2018, efisiensi dihitung sebesar 38,96%, terjadi penurunan sebesar 19,73%, hal ini disebabkan oleh slagging on permukaan elemen dalam SAH dan kebocoran pada pipa SAH. selanjutnya, perbaikan dilakukan dengan melakukan jelaga dan melakukan pengelasan pada pipa bocor menggunakan teknik pengelasan TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas). Setelah itu analisis dilakukan dengan tes kinerja yang diadakan pada 21 Maret 2018 dan mendapat peningkatan 11,34% menjadi 50,3%. Air heaters are one of the auxiliary equipment that are very important in the use of heat transfer in a boiler, where this equipment serves to heat the air for the combustion by using heat from the residual hot gas from the combustion before sending it to the chimney. To maintain the performance of air heater, then the analysis of the effectiveness of heat transfer on air heater is carried out with a performance test using the ASME PTC 4.0 and ASME PTC 4.3 methods. On commissioning data, SAH unit 1 has an efficiency in amount of 58.69%. However, from the result of a research analysis of heat transfer in Secondary Air Heater unit 1 on March 2 2018, the efficiency was counted in amount of 38.96%, there has been a decrease of 19,73%, this was caused by slagging on the surface of the element in SAH and leakage on SAH pipes. subsequently, repairs are carried out by doing soot blowing and perform welding on the leaking pipe using the TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding technique. Afterwards the analysis is carried out with a performance test was held on March 21, 2018 and got an increase of 11.34% to 50.3%.