bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Behavior and Reclamation of Beryllium Scrap in Molten Salt
Authors: Chen Yuzhen , Li Shaolong , Lv Zepeng , Luo Wen , Qiao Peng , Wang Dongxin , He Jilin , Song Jianxun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBeryllium is a crucial strategic metal characterized by its exceptional properties, which has facilitated its extensive application across various high‐tech industries. However, despite advancements in refining techniques, the purification of industrial‐grade beryllium scrap remains insufficiently explored. This gap has led to challenges such as resource waste and environmental concerns. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the electrolytic refining process of beryllium scrap through molten salt electrolysis. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV) are employed to analyze both anodic dissolution and cathodic reduction behaviors. The study demonstrates that beryllium undergoes a single‐step, two‐electron transfer reduction process, while impurity elements are separated as anodic slime. The effects of current density on beryllium deposition morphology and removal efficiency have been further investigated. This research provides a novel approach to beryllium scrap purification, contributing significantly to the optimization of the beryllium supply chain and offering valuable insights into sustainable metal refinement practices.
The European Federation for Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology (EFMC) Best Practice Initiative: Hit to Lead
Authors: Quancard Jean , Bach Anders , Borsari Chiara , Craft Russell , Gnamm Christian , Guéret Stéphanie M. , Hartung Ingo V. , Koolman Hannes F. , Laufer Stefan , Lepri Susan , Messinger Josef , Ritter Kurt , Sbardella Gianluca , Unzue Lopez Andrea , Willwacher Marina K. , Cox Brian , Young Robert J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Hit to Lead (H2L) process is an integral part of contemporary drug discovery, encompassing the optimisation of validated Hit structures into Lead molecules. High quality leads build confidence, through activity and property profiles as well as preliminary biological data, which might include validating pharmacologic hypotheses along the way, indicating that further investment in the structure(s) and target would be worthwhile. Leads have line of sight to a development candidate and bring an understanding of what priorities Lead Optimisation should address. In this set of best practices, we detail the essential criteria that characterise a good lead, which include establishing SAR from analogues and assessing preliminary DMPK indicators, selectivity and early safety parameters. We highlight the importance of identifying liabilities of the lead series and demonstrating that each can be individually modulated whilst maintaining on target potency. We make the case for having physicochemical properties as critical optimisation parameters and how ligand efficiency metrics can enable this. Then we go over general tactics that can be used to convert hits into a lead series. These include essential steps that, when performed early, increase the chance of success such as deconstructive SAR, pharmacophore and bioactive conformation determination and scaffold optimisation. Finally, we suggest decision‐making criteria to substantiate confidence in further investment or, as importantly, making a recommendation to cease further work on a series.
Load‐Aware Multi‐Objective Optimization of Controller and Datastore Placement in Distributed Sdns
Authors: Xingyuan Kang , Takahashi Keichi , Nakasan Chawanat , Ichikawa Kohei , Iida Hajimu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn distributed Software Defined Networking (SDN), multiple controllers need to maintain a consistent view of the network state among themselves using consensus algorithms, introducing additional communication overhead and network delay, especially in large‐scale networks. Therefore, optimizing controller placement presents significant challenges, as it must account not only for the delay between switches and controllers but also for the delay introduced by consensus algorithms. Additionally, SDN controllers have limited capacity in terms of the number of switches they can manage and the network events they can process. Improper placement of controllers can lead to longer message processing times, increased queuing delays, or even controller failures. Thus, achieving balanced workloads among controllers is essential. This study introduces and validates a practical Flow Setup Time (FST) model to measure controller response times. We proposed an advanced multi‐objective optimization approach that incorporates the Variance of Load Balancing (VOLB), to determine the optimal placements of controllers and datastore nodes involved in processing consensus algorithms. Furthermore, we applied this optimization method to different types of real networks from the Internet Topology Zoo dataset. Based on experimental findings, we identified key factors to consider when selecting optimal placement strategies, including the trade‐offs between the number of controllers, the number of datastore nodes, FST, and VOLB.
Cooperative Resource Allocation Using Optimized Heterogeneous Context‐Aware Graph Convolutional Networks in 5G Wireless Networks
Authors: Godi Rakesh Kumar , Panchal Soumyashree M. , Agarwal Swathi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWireless personal communication is becoming more and more popular due to the rapid development of 5G communication networks. Modern wireless personal communication systems can be difficult to optimize due to the criteria for transmission speed and quality of service. In this manuscript, a cooperative resource allocation using optimized heterogeneous context‐aware graph convolutional networks in 5G wireless networks (CRA‐HCAGCN‐5GWN) is proposed. Here, the cooperative resource allocation is used for channel information on a small scale rather than typical resource allocation when the channel environment is rapidly changing. HCAGCN fails to specify optimization techniques to identify optimal parameters for accurate cooperative resource allocation. Therefore, the Giant Trevally Optimizer (GTO) is employed to optimize the HCAGCN, which accurately optimizes resource allocation. The proposed CRA‐HCAGCN‐5GWN is implemented, and the performance metrics, like mean square error (MSE), minimum mean square error (MMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), throughput, energy efficiency, and consumption time, are analyzed. The performance of the CRA‐HCAGCN‐5GWN approach attains 17.20%, 25.81%, and 32.18% lower mean square error; 16.40%, 28.81%, and 30.18% higher throughput; and 18.30%, 25.41%, and 31.08% lower energy efficiency when analyzed with existing methods.
Impact of Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms on Wireless Network Coverage Enhancement With Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
Authors: Panuganti Nitin , Ranjan Pinku , Shukla Anupam 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTReconfigurable intelligent surfaces are a transformative technological advancement in wireless networks toward enhancing coverage and signal strength by exploiting intelligent, programmable surfaces. This paper discusses the application of metaheuristic optimization to configure reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for performance enhancement in wireless communications. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology based on programmable surfaces dynamically adjusts a radio environment, thereby having an impact on signal quality enhancement and coverage. We test several optimization algorithms, including genetic algorithm (GA), cuckoo search (CS), harmony search (HS), ant colony optimization (ACO), differential evolution (DE), dual annealing, gradient descent, tabu search, and the bee algorithm. The results show that GA explores the solution space. CS and HS balance well between exploration and exploitation. ACO and DE find paths and parameters efficiently, and dual annealing excels in escaping local optima. Tabu search and the bee algorithm also provide strong performance in the avoidance of local minima. RIS elements can integrate highly into the network to enhance its performance, leading to better‐received signal strength and improved coverage. The results have the potential to optimize wireless networks by combining the use of RIS technology with advanced algorithms such as those described here and call for further research in hybrid optimization approaches and complex network scenarios.
Maternal Childhood Trauma and Offspring Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Function from Infancy to 6 Years of Age
Authors: Loheide‐Niesmann Lisa , Beijers Roseriet , de Weerth Carolina , Cima Maaike 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTChildhood trauma experiences can carry over to the next generation, affecting the health and behavior of survivors’ children. However, the mechanisms underlying these intergenerational effects of childhood trauma are not yet clear. One mechanism may be changes in children's hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. This preregistered longitudinal study examined associations between 170 mothers’ childhood trauma experiences (maltreatment, family and peer violence) and their children's cortisol reactivity and total circadian cortisol output at 12 months and 6 years of age. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that maternal childhood trauma was not significantly associated with child cortisol reactivity or total circadian cortisol output, neither at 12 months nor at 6 years of age. Thus, we found no evidence in this community sample that maternal childhood trauma impacts young children's HPA axis functioning. Exploratory analyses revealed moderation effects of maternal prenatal psychopathology and prenatal circadian cortisol slope: in mothers with high prenatal psychopathology or circadian cortisol slope, maternal childhood trauma was positively associated with child total circadian cortisol output, while this association was negative in mothers with low psychopathology or circadian cortisol slope. Future research should replicate these findings in older children and more severely trauma‐exposed populations and further explore moderators of this intergenerational association.
Genetic Evidence Reveals Distinct Lineage of Chinese Pangolin in Nepal: Insights From Scat and Blood Samples for Conservation and Wildlife Forensics
Authors: Hogan Fiona , Wedrowicz Faye , Pd. Khatiwada Ambika , Dev Joshi Janardan , Wasser Sam , Wright Wendy 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPangolins face critical threats from illegal trade and habitat loss, making their conservation a global priority. Despite their ecological and conservation significance, these elusive creatures remain poorly understood, particularly regarding their phylogeography and genetic diversity. This study successfully isolated DNA from two types of pangolin scat samples (whole scat and swabs) and blood that had been stored frozen for up to 3 years. A mitochondrial cytochrome b (424 bp) sequence was reliably generated from both types of scat samples, irrespective of whether the scat appeared in ‘good’ or ‘poor’ condition at the time of collection, and from the blood samples. Sanger sequencing identified four novel cytochrome b haplotypes, with distinct variations observed across sampling regions in Nepal (central and east). A comparison with reference sequences from China, Taiwan and Thailand revealed that the Chinese pangolins in Nepal represent a genetically distinct variant, differing by 15–19 base pairs from these other populations. These findings underscore significant genetic differentiation of Chinese pangolins in Nepal, with implications for the species' conservation and management. The methods described in this study are robust and adaptable, offering a valuable framework for broader genetic studies of pangolin populations across Nepal. Such approaches could facilitate the genetic mapping of pangolin variations, aiding in the identification of significant populations, the evaluation of conservation interventions and forensic applications to combat illegal poaching. This work emphasises the critical role of genetics in understanding and protecting pangolins, offering insights that are vital for their long‐term conservation.
Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Lauric Acid and a Potential Use in Polyester Synthesis
Authors: Santos Correa Luis , Stapf Emma , Nonner Timo , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe substitution of depleting fossil resources by renewable resources is of paramount importance, especially for polymer chemistry with its large production volume, in order to guarantee a more sustainable future. Herein, a new three‐step reaction sequence was developed to synthesize renewable fatty acid–based dimethyl esters from saturated fatty acids. The sequence consists of a catalytic dehydrogenation with molecular oxygen as oxidant, an esterification with methanol, and a dimerization reaction with dithiols via thia‐Michael addition. Three new dimethyl esters were thus synthesized from lauric acid and fully characterized via infrared, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. Polyesters with molecular weights ranging from 26.0 to 31.8 kDa were obtained by polycondensation of each dimethyl ester with 1,12‐dodecanediol. Methyl crotonate–based polymers were prepared for comparison with the fatty acid–derived materials. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the long side chains led to improved thermal stability, and differential scanning calorimetry showed side chain crystallization for one polymer.Practical Applications Renewable dimethyl esters are valuable monomers for the sustainable synthesis of polyesters and polyamides. The herein‐reported synthesis strategy valorized saturated fatty acids, a typically less useful resource for polymer chemistry.
Perceived motivational climate, doping attitudes, and doping temptation among elite adolescent athletes: The moderating role of perfectionism
Authors: Kristensen Jan Åge , Kavussanu Maria , Ommundsen Yngvar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA sports culture that emphasizes normative success, as evident in a performance motivational climate, may encourage athletes to use prohibited performance‐enhancing substances. Athletes with perfectionistic tendencies are believed to be particularly tempted to doping when finding themselves in such sporting environments. In this study, we examined whether perceived motivational climate was related to doping temptation directly and indirectly via doping attitudes and whether perfectionism moderated this indirect relationship. The sample comprised 420 adolescent athletes aged 16–18 years (mean age = 16.94 and standard deviation = 0.81) recruited from five Norwegian sport academy high schools. Regression analysis revealed that athletes' perceptions of a performance climate were positively related to their temptation to dope both directly and indirectly via doping attitudes, and that this indirect relationship was stronger among athletes who were moderate or high in their perfectionistic concerns. No direct or indirect relationships were found between mastery climate and doping temptation, nor did perfectionistic strivings moderate the indirect relationship between mastery climate and doping temptation via doping attitudes. Taken together, our findings suggest that athletes who perceive their sport environment as performance‐oriented and believe that the benefits of using prohibited substances outweigh the drawbacks are more tempted to dope. Moreover, this tendency is particularly notable among athletes who are moderately or strongly concerned about making mistakes (i.e., have perfectionistic concerns).
Variant optimization for a green ammonia pipeline: Case study of Sauda/Norway
Authors: Erharter Georg H. , Stein Eivind , Halawy Ghostavo E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe transition to sustainable energy is crucial for addressing anthropogenic climate change, with green ammonia emerging as a key alternative to fossil fuels. Iverson eFuels AS is planning a green ammonia plant in Sauda, Norway, including a ca. 2800 m long pipeline tunnel to transport ammonia to a storage area at the fjord. This article elaborates on the early‐phase variant optimization of the tunnel design, conducted at a pre‐Front‐End Engineering Design (pre‐FEED) stage with limited ground data. Despite common concerns about time and effort, advanced 3D ground modeling and parametric modeling were employed due to the project‘s complex ground conditions and specific technical requirements. These digital tools enabled efficient and comprehensive design assessments, leading to a tunnel route that is optimized with respect to multiple different objectives. Furthermore, the advanced 3D modeling helped to heavily revise a more complicated previous longer pipeline tunnel that also included a valve pit. This case study highlights the benefits of using advanced modeling techniques early in the project lifecycle, demonstrating how they can enhance both the efficiency and quality of engineering solutions, even with limited initial data.
Seroepidemiological Assessment of Bordetella pertussis in Jahrom, Southern Iran: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Raufi Rahim , Zareian‐Jahromi Fatemeh , Zangeneh Saba , Rajabi Jalil , Shahriarirad Reza 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundBordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, is a significant contributor to recurrent persistent cough across all age groups, including vaccinated individuals. This seroepidemiological study aims to address the gap in understanding pertussis incidence by investigating its occurrence in individuals with persistent cough and describing the characteristics of affected patients admitted to clinical centers in Jahrom, Southwest Iran.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study enrolled 110 patients with a cough persisting for at least 2 weeks, admitted to clinical centers in Jahrom, Iran. Blood samples were collected at baseline and on day 21 of follow‐up. Serum samples were analyzed for anti‐pertussis toxin immunoglobulin G (anti‐PT‐IgG) levels using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Demographic factors, including age, gender, occupation, area of residence, and family size, were also evaluated.ResultsAmong the 110 participants, 77 (70%) were female, and seven patients (6.4%) tested seropositive for anti‐PT‐IgG. No significant associations were observed between pertussis incidence and the analyzed variables, including age, gender, occupation, area of residence (urban vs. rural), and family size (p > 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of enhancing vaccination coverage to reduce the prevalence of B. pertussis in the community.ConclusionThis study highlights the occurrence of pertussis in individuals presenting solely with a persistent cough, absent of classic symptoms. The findings emphasize the need for healthcare providers to conduct detailed assessments and utilize rapid diagnostic methods for timely detection. This is particularly crucial in regions with high vaccination rates but limited awareness of pertussis recurrence.
Marketing Status and Brand‐Name Drug Prices: Evidence From Rx‐To‐OTC Switch
Authors: Lin Lin , Wang Bo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examines the impact of marketing status on brand‐name pricing by exploiting Prescription to over‐the‐counter (Rx‐to‐OTC) switches between 2001 and 2016. Using a Stacked difference‐in‐differences design, we find that the retail prices of brand‐name drugs reduce substantially following an Rx‐to‐OTC switch, while accounting for potential confounding factors related to patent expiration and generic entry. We show that the reduction in branded prices is primarily driven by increases in patient price elasticity in the OTC market. These results highlight the need to improve patient price sensitivity to address the rising prices of brand‐name prescription drugs in the United States, especially those with characteristics similar to over‐the‐counter drugs.
Association between leiomyoma characteristics and perinatal complications: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tian Yu‐Cui , Ding Xin , Wu Jian‐Hong , Wang Hai‐Xia , Dai Yin‐Mei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship of leiomyoma characteristics with perinatal outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted. Women whose pregnancy was complicated with leiomyoma were recruited, and pregnant women without leiomyomas were enrolled as a control group. Demographic data, leiomyoma ultrasound characteristics, and pregnancy outcomes were collected. Subsequently, antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum, and neonatal complications were analyzed.ResultsThe overall rate of leiomyomas in pregnancy was 5.46% (4393/80510). Out of the 932 pregnancies studied, 632 were affected by leiomyoma. Women with leiomyomas exhibited significantly higher age, pre‐pregnancy BMI, gravidity, and in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer rate. The occurrence of antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum complications was influenced by different features of leiomyomas. Among leiomyoma with diameter of 9 cm or greater, cervical or submucous types were detrimental. In the multivariate linear regression analyses, a leiomyoma with diameter of at least 9 cm during pregnancy was independently associated with preterm birth, cesarean section, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and postpartum hemorrhage.ConclusionThe presence of leiomyoma of 9 cm or more increases the risk of antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum complications; therefore, pre‐conception myomectomy can be considered. For leiomyoma 7–9 cm, extensive discussions between patients and clinicians should be conducted. In women with leiomyomas smaller than 7 cm, the risk of obstetric complications is similar to that in women without leiomyomas, except for those with cervical or submucous leiomyomas.