bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the benefits and risks of translocations in depauperate species: A theoretical framework with an empirical validation
Authors: Furlan Elise M. , Gruber Bernd , Attard Catherine R. M. , Wager Robert N. E. , Kerezsy Adam , Faulks Leanne K. , Beheregaray Luciano B. , Unmack Peter J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Conservation translocations are becoming more common to assist in the management of threatened native species. While many translocation programs focus on maximizing survival in newly established populations, consideration is also required for the persistence of source populations.

Here, we present and test a theoretical framework that assesses the translocation trade‐off between increasing a species probability of survival and decreasing a species’ overall genetic diversity. We anticipate that (a) the genetic diversity of translocated populations will be reduced compared to the source due to a failure to capture and retain genetic diversity and (b) the genetic diversity of the source population will decline due to the removal of founder individuals.

We test this framework with an empirical study of redfin blue eye Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis, a critically endangered fish species which has undergone several replicate translocations, established with founders sourced from a single remnant population. Several generations after reintroduction, we show that the predicted survival of the species has improved as a result of these translocations.

While the species’ genetic diversity has been retained across all populations combined (translocated and source), we show that genetic diversity in each individual population (including the source) is reduced compared to the source population prior to translocation.

Synthesis and applications. Conservation translocations can provide great benefits to species survival, enabling extinction risk to be spread across multiple populations. Translocated populations, however, often harbour reduced genetic diversity compared to source populations and initiating translocated populations can decrease the genetic diversity of source populations, placing them at an increased risk of extinction. The framework presented here enables the trade‐off between extinction risk and retention of genetic diversity to be established. This will enable the optimal conservation strategy to be employed to increase the long‐term persistence and evolutionary potential of a species.
ABIN‐1 protects chondrocytes from lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory injury through the inactivation of NF‐κB signalling
Authors: Peng Kan , Li Yanqi , Lu Chao , Hu Shouye 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe A20‐binding inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB‐1 (ABIN‐1) protein has recently been implicated as a key regulator of inflammation with involvement in multiple inflammatory diseases. However, the function of ABIN‐1 in osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. In the current study, we explored the role of ABIN‐1 in the regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory injury of chondrocytes, which served as an in vitro model of OA. Results revealed that ABIN‐1 expression was induced by chondrocyte exposure to LPS. ABN‐1 silencing exacerbated LPS‐induced apoptosis and the inflammatory response, while ABIN‐1 overexpression alleviated the inflammatory response and LPS‐induced apoptosis in chondrocytes. Moreover, ABIN‐1 overexpression resulted in significantly decreased LPS‐induced NF‐κB activation. Notably, activation of NF‐κB signalling significantly reversed ABIN‐1‐mediated inhibitory effects on LPS‐induced inflammatory injury in chondrocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ABIN‐1 protects chondrocytes against LPS‐induced inflammatory injury through the suppression of NF‐κB signalling. Our study suggests a potential role for ABIN‐1 in OA. Further, we show that ABIN‐1 may serve as a potential target for controlling joint inflammation.
Alteration of the gut microbiota in tumor necrosis factor‐α antagonist‐treated collagen‐induced arthritis mice
Authors: Wang Binglong , He Yujue , Tang Jifeng , Ou Qishui , Lin Jinpiao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimGut microbiota play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Biological therapies targeting tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) have been used for treatment in RA patients. However, whether TNF‐α antagonist has some influence on gut microbiota is still unknown. This study aims to investigate the distribution of gut microbiota in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) mice treated with the TNF‐α antagonist etanercept.MethodsCollagen‐induced arthritis mice were induced by type II collagen. Cytokine expression was detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was performed to characterize the gut microbiota in CIA mice treated with vehicle or etanercept. Sequencing reads were processed by Microbial Ecology software program.ResultsCompared with vehicle‐treated mice, we showed that CIA mice treated with etanercept led to attenuation of inflammation and reduced expression of TNF‐α, interferon (IFN)‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐21. Meanwhile, results showed operational taxonomic units, richness estimators and the diversity indices of gut microbiota in etanercept‐treated mice were lower than that in vehicle‐treated mice. Moreover, bacterial abundance analyses showed that genus Escherichia/Shigella was more abundant in etanercept‐treated mice, and Lactobacillus, Clostridium XlVa, Tannerella were less abundant. The altered bacterial genus was correlated with TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐6, IL‐21 and IL‐10.ConclusionOur results revealed that TNF‐α antagonist treatment can reduce the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in CIA mice. Targeted gut microbiota may be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RA.
Presence of biogenic magnetite in ferromanganese nodules
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Bin , Rodelli Daniel , Benites Mariana , Abreu Fernanda , Murton Bramley , Jovane Luigi 
Published: February 2020

SummaryTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) and rock magnetic study of ferromanganese nodule sample JC120‐104B collected from Clarion‐Clipperton zone (CCZ) in the eastern Pacific Ocean indicate the presence of biogenic magnetite (magnetofossils). First‐order reversal curves (FORCs) and decomposition of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) curves were used as the main tool for the characterization of magnetic properties of the bulk magnetic minerals present in the sample. TEM was performed for the direct identification of biogenic magnetic minerals (magnetofossils). The nodule sample has distinctive alternating Mn and Fe‐rich layers per micro‐X‐ray fluorescence data. While diagenetic precipitation of Mn is known for the less oxygenated environment, the presence of biogenic magnetite is also common in the environments where the supply of oxygen is limited. Moreover, the increase in magnetic properties is consistent with the increase in Mn‐content, which is related to favourable conditions for Mn precipitation as well as magnetite biomineralization in oxic‐suboxic transition zone. Investigations on magnetofossil fingerprints lead to a better understanding of paleoenvironmental conditions involved in the formation and growth of deep‐sea ferromanganese nodules.
Assessing selection signatures within and between selected lines of dual‐purpose black and white and German Holstein cattle
Authors: Naderi S. , Moradi M. H. , Farhadian M. , Yin T. , Jaeger M. , Scheper C. , Korkuc P. , Brockmann G. A. , König S. , May K. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe aim of this study was to detect selection signatures considering cows from the German Holstein (GH) and the local dual‐purpose black and white (DSN) population, as well as from generated sub‐populations. The 4654 GH and 261 DSN cows were genotyped with the BovineSNP50 Genotyping BeadChip. The geographical herd location was used as an environmental descriptor to create the East‐DSN and West‐DSN sub‐populations. In addition, two further sub‐populations of GH cows were generated, using the extreme values for solutions of residual effects of cows for the claw disorder dermatitis digitalis. These groups represented the most susceptible and most resistant cows. We used cross‐population extended haplotype homozygosity methodology (XP‐EHH) to identify the most recent selection signatures. Furthermore, we calculated Wright’s fixation index (FST). Chromosomal segments for the top 0.1 percentile of negative or positive XP‐EHH scores were studied in detail. For gene annotations, we used the Ensembl database and we considered a window of 250 kbp downstream and upstream of each core SNP corresponding to peaks of XP‐EHH. In addition, functional interactions among potential candidate genes were inferred via gene network analyses. The most outstanding XP‐EHH score was on chromosome 12 (at 77.34 Mb) for DSN and on chromosome 20 (at 36.29–38.42 Mb) for GH. Selection signature locations harbored QTL for several economically important milk and meat quality traits, reflecting the different breeding goals for GH and DSN. The average FST value between GH and DSN was quite low (0.068), indicating shared founders. For group stratifications according to cow health, several identified potential candidate genes influence disease resistance, especially to dermatitis digitalis.
Elite Interactions and Voters’ Perceptions of Parties’ Policy Positions
Authors: Adams James , Weschle Simon , Wlezien Christopher 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent research documents that voters infer that governing coalition partners share similar ideologies, independently of these parties’ actual policy statements. We argue that citizens estimate party positions from more general forms of interparty cooperation and conflict, particularly near the times of national elections. We analyze tens of thousands of media reports on elite interactions from 13 Western democracies between 2001 and 2014, and show that—controlling for coalition arrangements and for the policy tones of parties’ election manifestos—voters infer greater left–right agreement between pairs of parties that have more cooperative public relationships, but that this “cooperation effect” is only evident near the times of national elections. Our findings have implications for parties’ policy images and for mass–elite linkages.
On Spatial Planning and Marxism: Looking Back, Going Forward
Authors: Holgersen Ståle 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe renewed interest in Marxism that occurred in social sciences and humanities after the 2008 economic crisis has not yet found its counterpart in spatial planning. This paper examines what Marxist planning theory and practices could mean in the current conjuncture. It does so through scrutinising (1) the vibrant Marxist discourse in planning that existed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, (2) the recent history (since the 1980s) of planning theory and its relation to the political economy, and (3) the current political economic context (not least defined by the diabolic crisis). Where previous Marxist approaches to planning were very strong on analysing the political economy, I argue there is currently a need—with old hegemonies losing ground, communicative approaches losing support, and neoliberalism in the political economy losing legitimacy—to also discuss establishing alternatives.
Laparoscopic spacer placement for recurrent sacral chordoma before carbon ion radiotherapy: A case report
Authors: Nagai Shuntaro , Nagayoshi Kinuko , Mizuuchi Yusuke , Fujita Hayato , Ohuchida Kenoki , Ohtsuka Takao , Imai Reiko , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecently, several scholars have demonstrated the efficacy of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT). To treat abdominal or pelvic tumors by CIRT, it is necessary to separate the tumor from the adjacent organs. Surgical placement of a GORE‐TEX sheet as a spacer has been reported as a separation method. Usually, surgical spacer placement is done by open surgery. Here, we report a case of surgical spacer placement undertaken by a “pure” laparoscopic procedure. A 47‐year‐old man with recurrent sacral chordoma was referred for surgical spacer placement before CIRT. Laparoscopic dissection of the rectum and placement of a GORE‐TEX sheet as a spacer were successfully performed. Surgical spacer placement by a pure laparoscopic procedure was safe and effective, and it seems to play an important part before CIRT.
Alteration of calcium signalling in cardiomyocyte induced by simulated microgravity and hypergravity
Authors: Liu Caizhi , Zhong Guohui , Zhou Yuezhang , Yang Yuchen , Tan Yingjun , Li Yuheng , Gao Xingcheng , Sun Weijia , Li Jianwei , Jin Xiaoyan , Cao Dengchao , Yuan Xinxin , Liu Zizhong , Liang Shuai , Li Youyou , Du Ruikai , Zhao Yinlong , Xue Jianqi , Zhao Dingsheng , Song Jinping , Ling Shukuan , Li Yingxian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesCardiac Ca2+signalling plays an essential role in regulating excitation‐contraction coupling and cardiac remodelling. However, the response of cardiomyocytes to simulated microgravity and hypergravity and the effects on Ca2+signalling remain unknown. Here, we elucidate the mechanisms underlying the proliferation and remodelling of HL‐1 cardiomyocytes subjected to rotation‐simulated microgravity and 4G hypergravity.Materials and MethodsThe cardiomyocyte cell line HL‐1 was used in this study. A clinostat and centrifuge were used to study the effects of microgravity and hypergravity, respectively, on cells. Calcium signalling was detected with laser scanning confocal microscopy. Protein and mRNA levels were detected by Western blotting and real‐time PCR, respectively. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining was used to analyse cell size.ResultsOur data showed that spontaneous calcium oscillations and cytosolic calcium concentration are both increased in HL‐1 cells after simulated microgravity and 4G hypergravity. Increased cytosolic calcium leads to activation of calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II/histone deacetylase 4 (CaMKII/HDAC4) signalling and upregulation of the foetal genesANPandBNP, indicating cardiac remodelling. WGA staining indicated that cell size was decreased following rotation‐simulated microgravity and increased following 4G hypergravity. Moreover, HL‐1 cell proliferation was increased significantly under hypergravity but not rotation‐simulated microgravity.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates for the first time that Ca2+/CaMKII/HDAC4 signalling plays a pivotal role in myocardial remodelling under rotation‐simulated microgravity and hypergravity.
Injecting drug use among gay and bisexual men in New Zealand: Findings from national human immunodeficiency virus epidemiological and behavioural surveillance
Authors: Saxton Peter J. W. , McAllister Susan M. , Noller Geoffrey E. , Newcombe David A. L. , Leafe Kathryn A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsGay and bisexual men (GBM) who inject drugs are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because of dual transmission risks. New Zealand has a progressive history of harm reduction and was the first country to publicly fund needle exchange programs in 1988 for people who inject drugs (PWID). We combine national HIV epidemiological and bio‐behavioural surveillance data to understand HIV risk among this subpopulation.Design and MethodsWe examine trends in new HIV diagnoses 1996–2018 by mode of transmission, and compare HIV cases attributed to sex between men (MSM‐only), MSM/injecting drug use (IDU) and IDU‐only. IDU among GBM in a national HIV behavioural surveillance survey was also examined. We compare GBM by IDU status (never, ‘recent’, previous) and identified predictors of recent IDU.ResultsOf 1653 locally‐acquired HIV diagnoses 1996–2018, 77.4% were MSM‐only, 1.5% MSM/IDU, 1.4% IDU‐only and 14.2% heterosexual mode of transmission. On average, just one HIV diagnosis attributed to MSM/IDU and IDU, respectively, occurred per annum. MSM/IDU cases were more likely than MSM‐only cases to be indigenous Māori ethnicity. Of 3163 GBM survey participants, 5.4% reported lifetime IDU and 1.2% were recent IDU. Among GBM, HIV positivity was 20% among recent IDU and 5.3% among never injectors. Predictors of recent IDU were: age under 30; more than 20 male partners; female partner; condomless intercourse; HIV positivity.Discussion and ConclusionNew Zealand has averted high endemic HIV rates seen among GBM and PWID in other countries and results have been sustained over 30 years.
Carbon burial over the last four millennia is regulated by both climatic and land use change
Authors: Mao Jinhua , Burdett Heidi L. , McGill Rona A. R. , Newton Jason , Gulliver Pauline , Kamenos Nicholas A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCarbon sequestration by sediments and vegetated marine systems contributes to atmospheric carbon drawdown, but little empirical evidence is available to help separate the effects of climate change and other anthropogenic activities on carbon burial over centennial timescales. We used marine sediment organic carbon to determine the role of historic climate variability and human habitation in carbon burial over the past 5,071 years. There was centennial‐scale sensitivity of carbon supply and burial to climatic variability, with Little Ice Age cooling causing an abrupt ecosystem shift and an increase in marine carbon contributions compared to terrestrial carbon. Although land use changes during the late 1800s did not cause marked alteration in average carbon burial, they did lead to marked increases in the spatial variability of carbon burial. Thus, while carbon burial by vegetated systems is expected to increase with projected climate warming over the coming century, ecosystem restructuring caused by abrupt climate change may produce unexpected change in carbon burial whose variability is also modulated by land use change.
A new paradigm for personalized prophylaxis for patients with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Delavenne Xavier , Ollier Edouard , Lienhart Anne , Dargaud Yesim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimFor patients with severe haemophilia A, guidelines recommend prophylactic treatment with FVIII, with dose calculations targeting a predetermined FVIII trough level. However, this pharmacokinetic (PK) approach is suboptimal, with some patients experiencing breakthrough bleeds. We aimed to improve FVIII dosing by incorporating the thrombin generation assay, a global haemostasis assay whose main pharmacodynamic (PD) parameter, endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), predicts spontaneous bleeding risk.MethodsWe performed post hoc combined PK‐PD modelling using data from 66 adults who received human‐cl rhFVIII (Nuwiq®, Octapharma AG) in a phase IIIb study. Time‐to‐event analyses simulated the probability of spontaneous bleeding for different FVIII exposures and baseline ETPs.ResultsNinety‐one spontaneous bleeds occurred in 20/66 patients. The relationship between FVIII:C and ETP was non‐linear, and the sigmoid Emax model adequately described the data. Individual PK‐PD Bayesian estimation significantly improved predictive performance. Simulations showed that the mean spontaneous annual bleeding rate decreased with increasing baseline ETP or dosing: with ETP values of 200, 400 and 600 (nmol/L)·min annual bleeding rates were 2.36, 1.25 and 0.66, respectively, on 40 IU/kg human‐cl rhFVIII every 3 days; and annual bleeding rates were 2.09, 1.10, and 0.60, respectively, on 60 IU/kg every 3 days.ConclusionProphylactic FVIII dosing is more clinically meaningful when incorporating ETP alongside FVIII level. For the first time, FVIII dosing can be personalized with the aim of eliminating spontaneous breakthrough bleeds.
Opioid exposure in haemophilia patients is common and underreported
Authors: Peltier Skye J. , Mazepa Marshall A. , Freese Rebecca L. , Nelson Shannon F. , Kearney Susan L. , Reding Mark T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn an era of increased opioid awareness, data on opioid exposure in haemophilia patients are lacking.AimThe objectives of this study were to (a) provide a detailed description of opioid exposure in haemophilia patients based on written prescription data, (b) compare our findings to national haemophilia‐specific and general population datasets and (c) identify predictors of opioid exposure in haemophilia patients.MethodsMedical records of 183 adult and 135 paediatric patients from two haemophilia treatment centres (HTC) were reviewed over a 42‐month period. Chronic exposure and acute opioid exposure were recorded, and results were compared to national haemophilia (ATHNdataset) and general population (CDC) data.ResultsWe found that 56% of adult and 21% of paediatric patients were exposed to opioids, rates substantially higher than reported in the ATHNdataset (6%) and national population data from the CDC. In adults, but not children, severity of haemophilia was a significant predictor of opioid exposure. Most acute opioid prescriptions were not written by the HTC.ConclusionsThis is the first study in the haemophilia population to examine opioid exposure based on prescription data. Opioid exposure was more common than predicted in both adult and paediatric study populations and was most often prescribed for acute pain or procedures by non‐HTC providers. Haemophilia treatment centres need to take the lead in assessing pain in haemophilia patients, guiding treatment promoting non‐opioid options, strengthen efforts to monitor opioid exposure and collect data on pain treatment in the haemophilia population.
Long‐term efficacy of the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, ipragliflozin, in a case of type A insulin resistance syndrome
Authors: Nagashima Shuichi , Wakabayashi Tetsuji , Saito Naoko , Takahashi Manabu , Okada Kenta , Ebihara Ken , Ishibashi Shun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractType A insulin resistance (IR) syndrome is a severe IR form caused by insulin receptor (INSR) gene defects. Antidiabetic drugs, including high‐dose insulin and insulin‐sensitizing agents, often fail to control associated hyperglycemia. Therapy with recombinant human insulin‐like growth factor 1 can be more effective, but it is expensive. We report a case of type A IR syndrome with an in‐frame INSR heterozygous deletion (ΔLeu999) that was treated with a combination of conventional therapy and ipragliflozin, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor. Treatment reduced hemoglobin A1c levels (10.0–7.5%) and induced weight loss (54.4–52.0 kg) within 2 months, and the effects were sustained for >3 years. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors might be useful to normalize blood glucose in type A IR syndrome by reducing bodyweight and ameliorating glucotoxicity.
Antiviral activity of Illicium verum Hook. f. extracts against grouper iridovirus infection
Authors: Liu Mingzhu , Yu Qing , Xiao Hehe , Yi Yi , Cheng Hao , Putra Dedi Fazriansyah , Huang Yaming , Zhang Qin , Li Pengfei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGrouper iridovirus causes high mortality rates in cultured groupers, and effective treatment for grouper iridovirus infection is urgently required. Illicium verum Hook. f. is a well‐known medicinal plant with a variety of biological activities. The aim of this study was to analyse the use of I. verum extracts to treat grouper iridovirus infection. The safe working concentration of each I. verum extract was identified both in vitro and in vivo as follows: I. verum aqueous extract (IVAE) ≤ 500 μg/ml; I. verum ethanol extract (IVEE) ≤ 250 μg/ml; shikimic acid (SKA) ≤ 250 μg/ml; trans‐anethole (TAT) ≤ 800 μg/ml; 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DDBA) ≤ 400 μg/ml; and quercetin (QCE) ≤ 50 μg/ml. The inhibitory activity of each I. verum extract against grouper iridovirus infection was analysed using aptamer (Q2)‐based fluorescent molecular probe (Q2‐AFMP) and RT‐qPCR. All of the I. verum extracts displayed dose‐dependent antiviral activities against grouper iridovirus. Based on the achieved per cent inhibition, IVAE, IVEE, DDBA and QCE were associated with the greatest antiviral activity (all > 90%). Together, our results indicate that I. verum extracts have effective antiviral properties, making it an excellent potential source material for the development of effective treatment for grouper iridovirus infection.