bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Core‐Shell Ni(OH)2@CuO Nanowire Arrays on 3D Copper Foams for High‐Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Li'na , Zhang Hua , Li Jiao , Guo Xue , Sun Haibin , Li Yan'an , Wu Tong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCore‐shell Ni(OH)2@CuO electrodes grown on three‐dimensional copper foams were synthesized by a facile thermal oxidation and chemical bath deposition method. The electrochemical experiments present that the Ni(OH)2@CuO electrode delivers large areal capacitance (1.625 F cm−2 at 3 mA cm−2), excellent rate capacity (1.285 F cm−2 at 30 mA cm−2), and brilliant cycling stability (retaining 96.4 % after 5000 cycles). In addition, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device was designed taking Ni(OH)2@CuO electrode and active carbon (AC) as a positive and negative electrode, respectively. The ACS device exhibits a high voltage of 1.6 V and remarkable energy density up to 58.59 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 686.45 W kg−1. This work may serve to develop new areas of low‐cost materials for energy storage and conversion system.
2,2′‐Bipyridine‐Modified Tamoxifen: A Versatile Vector for Molybdacarboranes
Authors: Schwarze Benedikt , Jelača Sanja , Welcke Linda , Maksimović‐Ivanić Danijela , Mijatović Sanja , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInvestigations on the antitumor activity of metallacarboranes are sparse in the literature and limited to a handful of ruthena‐ and molybdacarboranes. In this study, the molybdacarborane fragment [3‐(CO)2‐closo‐3,1,2‐MoC2B9H11] was combined with a vector molecule, inspired by the well‐known drug tamoxifen or 4,4′‐dihydroxytamoxifen (TAM‐diOH). The molybdacarborane derivative [3,3‐{4‐[1,1‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)but‐1‐en‐2‐yl]‐2,2′‐bipyridine‐κ2N,N′}‐3‐(CO)2‐closo‐3,1,2‐MoC2B9H11] (10), as well as the ligand itself 4‐[1,1‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)but‐1‐en‐2‐yl]‐2,2′‐bipyridine (6) showed cytotoxic activities in the low micromolar range against breast adenocarcinoma (MDA‐MB‐231, MDA‐MB‐361 and MCF‐7), human glioblastoma (LN‐229) and human glioma (U‐251) cell lines. In addition, compounds 6 and 10 were found to induce senescence and cytodestructive autophagy, lower ROS/RNS levels, but only the molybdacarborane 10 induced a strong increase of nitric oxide (NO) concentration in the MCF‐7 cells.
Interfacially Polymerized Polyamide Interlayer onto Ozonated Carbon Nanotube Networks for Improved Stability of Sulfur Cathodes
Authors: Rana Harpalsinh H. , Jana Milan , Yeon Jeong Seok , Park Jeong Hee , Qing Liu , Park Ho Seok 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered promising energy‐storage devices owing to the high specific capacity and low cost of the S cathode. However, they suffer from capacity decay and poor coulombic efficiency arising from the dissolution of long‐chain polysulfides and their shuttling. A facile and scalable method was developed to directly coat a thin (≈57.3 nm) and porous polyamide (PA) interlayer onto a S cathode by interfacial polymerization. This PA interlayer prevented the shuttling of polysulfides by creating a physical barrier and, through chemical interactions between the amide functionalities of PA and the polysulfides, allowing access to the S electrode by the Li ions. The resulting PA‐coated cathode exhibited approximately 64.2 % capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 1 C with only 0.0358 % decay per cycle and a moderate capacity of 1008 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C.
Production of a NiO/Al primary battery employing powder‐based electrodes
Authors: Burrola Samantha , Horii Maya , Gonzalez‐Guerrero Maria Jose , Bachman John Christopher , Gomez Frank A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the use of aluminum and zinc as anodic materials for a battery employing nickel (II) oxide (NiO) as cathode. Comparison of both materials resulted in the development of a compact, cost effective, and easy to use primary NiO/Al battery employing an alkaline electrolyte. The system features electrodes composed of powder forms of the active materials on modified paper substrates that are contained in a simple multilayer design utilizing thin laminated plastic materials to provide structure and flexibility to the battery as well as a paper separator. Various concentrations of potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte were examined and maximum performance was observed at 6 M KOH. A maximum current density and power density of 1.94 mA/cm2 and 1 mW/cm2, respectively was achieved. This user‐friendly device was able to produce a maximum capacity of 2.33 mAh/g when 2 mA/g was applied. This work demonstrates the viability of a paper‐based battery featuring powder electrodes as a possible power source for microelectronic devices.
Late Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of North Tianshan Orogenic Belt: Perspectives from geochronology and geochemistry of the Tulasu pluton in the Tulasu Basin
Authors: Zhang Jingbo , An Fang , Wei Shaoni , Cai Guangyao 
Published: November 2019

The Tulasu pluton is located in the northeast of the Tulasu Basin, North Tianshan, which is composed of three rock types including quartz diorite porphyry, pyroxene diorite porphyry, and granite. Zircon U‐Pb dating indicates that the quartz diorite porphyry and pyroxene diorite porphyry were crystallized in the Late Devonian (with ages at 360.3 ± 7.8 and 375.4 ± 6.2 Ma, respectively), while the granitic rocks was formed in the Late Carboniferous (at 305.9 ± 5.9 Ma), suggesting that the Tulasu pluton was the product of two magmatic episodes. The Late Devonian quartz diorite and pyroxene diorite porphyry are metaluminous and belong to calc‐alkaline to high‐K calc‐alkaline series. Quartz diorite porphyry and pyroxene diorite porphyry are characterized by the prominent enrichment in LILEs, such as Rb, Th, U, and K, and depletion in HFSEs, such as Nb, Ta, P, and Ti, which is similar to typical subduction‐related arc magma. The εHf(t) values of quartz diorite porphyry and pyroxene diorite porphyry are +4.5–+8.8 and +2.0–+6.4, respectively, indicating that they are derived from depleted mantle wedge. Their TDM2 ages are 814–1,087 Ma and 955–1,227 Ma, respectively, which shows that the Mesoproterozoic to the Neoproterozoic crustal materials were involved. Their high Ba/La (10.26–17.92), low Th/Yb (1.96–5.80), and relatively low Ce/Th (3.16–7.34) and Ba/Th (18.29–38.92) ratios indicate that they were probably produced by partial melting of depleted mantle wedge metasomatized by slab‐derived aqueous fluids, with involvement of subducted sediment. Geochemical characteristics indicate that the Late Devonian dioritic magma was generated in an arc‐related tectonic setting. The Late Carboniferous granitic rocks were composed of granodiorite porphyry and granite porphyry. The granodiorite porphyry samples are high‐K calc‐alkaline and peraluminous, while the granite porphyry samples are in the boundary zones of shoshonite and high‐K calc‐alkaline, as well as metaluminous and weakly peraluminous. Granodiorite porphyry shows features of I‐type granite, while granite porphyry has the characteristics of A‐type granite. High 176Hf/177Hf ratios (0.282600–0.282833) and εHf(t) values (+0.4–+8.7) indicate that granitic rocks have affinities with both depleted mantle and crust. Geochemical characteristics suggest that the Late Carboniferous granitic magma was formed in post‐collisional setting.
Geochemical characterization of mineralized albitite from Paleoproterozoic Bhukia IOCG‐IOA deposit of Aravalli‐Delhi Fold Belt, Rajasthan, western India: Genetic linkage to the gold (±Cu ± U) mineralization
Authors: Mukherjee Rahul , Venkatesh Akella Satya , Fareeduddin  
Published: November 2019

Paleoproterozoic Bhukia gold deposit is located within the Debari Group of Aravalli Supergroup, Rajasthan, northwestern India. The major lithounits that are associated with gold–graphite (±Cu ± U) mineralization exposed in Bhukia are albitite, carbonates, and quartzite which have undergone upper greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphism. Ore mineralization viz. pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, graphite, magnetite, and goethite in the study area are associated with NNW–SSE trending shear zone. Nuggets of gold are identified in the thick gossan zones that occurs parallel to the shear zone. The gold–sulfide lodes of the Bhukia deposits are largely confined either to marble or albitized marble and pure monomineralic albitite. The mineralization that is associated with the albitite, follows the boundaries of albite grains which confirms the role of these weak zones for the mobilization of mineralizing fluid and concentration of metal ions. Hence, geochemical studies of albitite would help to evaluate the petrogenesis, likely magmatic affinity, tectonic setting, controls of the mineralizing fluid, source, and their linkage to the gold (±Cu ± U) metallogeny. Bhukia albitite is characterized by Na–Al–rich and K‐poor compositions along with metaluminous nature. Geochemical analysis of various key elements suggests that albitite is the product of low‐K calc‐alkaline magma series with variation in Nb/Ta ratio indicating their fractionation during the melt–rock interaction within the shear zone. Geochemical signatures suggest the role of upper continental crust in channelizing the mineralized fluids that generated albitite with felsic to intermediate composition in and around Bhukia deciphered from their low Nb/Y ratios. Lower concentration of compatible elements (Ni and Cr) and higher concentration of incompatible elements (Th, La, and Nd) with SiO2 suggest that evolution of albitite rock is related to the fractional crystallization process. Zr/Hf ratios of 9–35 with the average of 18 suggest that albitite formed under magmatic–hydrothermal transitional environment. Rare Earth Elements (REE) patterns of albitite samples are moderately fractionated showing Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE)‐enrichment with a rather steep slope and exhibit distinct negative Eu anomalies (0.42–0.71, average 0.57). The enrichment of LREE in comparison to the Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE) suggests a more evolved source, i.e., process of melting at shallow environments. Tectonic setting of albitite samples suggest their origin in a volcanic arc region that underwent rifting. Detailed geochemical characterization unravelled complex evolutionary history of albitite in the Bhukia area, which attests derivation of the parental melt possibly from an enriched SCLM (Sub‐continental lithospheric mantle) source similar to most of the IOCG‐IOA deposits worldwide.
Grade 1 Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Is a Predictor for Subsequent Grade 3 Failure
Authors: Mahmud Nadim , Sundaram Vinay , Kaplan David E. , Taddei Tamar H. , Goldberg David S. 
Published: November 2019

Background and Aims
Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) results in extremely high short‐term mortality in patients with underlying cirrhosis. The European Association for the Study of the Liver criteria grade ACLF severity from 1 (least severe) to 3 (most severe) based on organ failures (OFs) that develop after an acute decompensation (AD). However, the implications of surviving low‐grade ACLF in terms of risk of subsequent high‐grade ACLF are unclear.

Approach and Results
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with compensated cirrhosis in the Veterans Health Administration database from January 2008 to June 2016. Propensity matching for grade 1 (G1) ACLF, followed by Cox regression, was used to model risk of subsequent grade 3 (G3) ACLF. Stratified analyses of different ADs and OFs were also performed. We identified 4,878 patients with well‐matched propensity scores. G1 ACLF events conferred a significantly increased risk of subsequent G3 ACLF relative no previous G1 ACLF (hazard ratio, 8.69; P < 0.001). When stratified by AD, patients with ascites or hepatic encephalopathy were significantly more likely to develop G3 ACLF relative to those with gastrointestinal bleed or infection as an AD (P < 0.001). Risk of G3 ACLF also varied significantly by type of OF characterizing previous G1 ACLF, with liver, coagulation, and circulatory failure posing the highest increased risk.

Conclusions
Patients who recover from G1 ACLF have substantially increased risk of later developing G3 ACLF as compared to those who never have G1 ACLF. Moreover, reversible decompensations for G1 ACLF have a lower risk of G3 ACLF, and liver‐intrinsic OFs confer a much higher risk of G3 ACLF. These findings have implications for prognosis, future surveillance, and triaging early transplant evaluation.
Abortion care in Ireland: Developing legal and ethical frameworks for conscientious provision
Authors: Donnelly Mary , Murray Claire 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article celebrates the remarkable changes which have occurred in the provision of abortion care in Ireland following the vote to remove the restrictive Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Ireland in May 2018. However, it also identifies ways in which the emerging legal, ethical and clinical landscape is still impeding the conscientious provision of abortion care. It argues that in order to address these impediments, more attention needs to be paid to the ethical context for conscientious provision. This requires political leadership as well as ongoing leadership by professional bodies to develop both the clinical and the ethical guidance for conscientious provision.
Two are better than one: Volatility forecasting using multiplicative component GARCH‐MIDAS models
Authors: Conrad Christian , Kleen Onno 
Published: November 2019

SummaryWe examine the properties and forecast performance of multiplicative volatility specifications that belong to the class of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity–mixed‐data sampling (GARCH‐MIDAS) models suggested in Engle, Ghysels, and Sohn (Review of Economics and Statistics, 2013,95, 776–797). In those models volatility is decomposed into a short‐term GARCH component and a long‐term component that is driven by an explanatory variable. We derive the kurtosis of returns, the autocorrelation function of squared returns, and theR2of a Mincer–Zarnowitz regression and evaluate the QMLE and forecast performance of these models in a Monte Carlo simulation. For S&P 500 data, we compare the forecast performance of GARCH‐MIDAS models with a wide range of competitor models such as HAR (heterogeneous autoregression), realized GARCH, HEAVY (high‐frequency‐based volatility) and Markov‐switching GARCH. Our results show that the GARCH‐MIDAS based on housing starts as an explanatory variable significantly outperforms all competitor models at forecast horizons of 2 and 3 months ahead.
Refining the workhorse oil market model
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqing 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe Kilian and Murphy (Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2014, 29, 454–478) structural vector autoregressive model has become the workhorse model for the analysis of oil markets. I explore various refinements and extensions of this model, including the effects of (1) correcting an error in the measure of global real economic activity, (2) explicitly incorporating narrative sign restrictions into the estimation, (3) relaxing the upper bound on the impact price elasticity of oil supply, (4) evaluating the implied posterior distribution of the structural models, and (5) extending the sample. I demonstrate that the substantive conclusions of Kilian and Murphy (2014) are largely unaffected by these changes.
Catalytic activity of surface‐functionalized nanoscale nickel zinc multiferrites: potential vector for water purification
Authors: Tanwar Ruchika , Kumari Ritu , Mandal Uttam K , Kar Kamal K 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDecontamination of water by means of photocatalysis is seen as a sustainable solution. However, catalysts with low recovery from liquid suspension remain the main predicament that obstructs their industrial applications. To overcome this shortcoming, a methodology is reported here for the functionalization of nanospinel nickel zinc ferrite by cystamine ligand to develop Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4@cystamine magnetic recyclable catalyst for water decontamination applications.RESULTSThe diffraction patterns of bare and functionalized nanoferrites indicated that the cubic inverse spinel structure of the particles was not changed after cystamine functionalization. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy analyses confirmed the chemical bonding between cystamine and spinel ferrites. The spherical morphology and elemental composition were studied through high‐resolution transmission electron spectroscopy (HRTEM) images and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis respectively. Deeper understanding of the catalyst's optical behavior and calculation of the energy band gap were achieved by means of photoluminescence spectroscopy. Magnetic saturation values were calculated from vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis, and almost negligible change was found. A possible photocatalytic mechanism for the removal of organic dye is proposed.CONCLUSIONThe present findings imply that the presence of amine groups on the catalyst surface, good dispersibility stability and outstanding catalytic activity make functionalized nanoferrite a suitable candidate for industrial wastewater treatment. Easy synthesis, easy work‐up and short reaction times are some of the advantages of the methodology. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A sustainable system for maleic acid synthesis from biomass‐derived sugar
Authors: Yu Qiang , Bai Ruxue , Wang Fan , Zhang Qinghua , Sun Yongming , Zhang Yu , Qin Lei , Wang Zhongming , Yuan Zhenhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe preparation of maleic acid from the oxidation of renewable furfural has attracted significant attention, but research regarding the direct transformation of biomass‐derived sugar to maleic acid is rare. The research regarding the direct transformation of xylose to maleic acid would further promote its industrial applications.RESULTSThe direct synthesis of maleic acid from xylose was investigated based on a sustainable system of deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Four DESs were screened to evaluate their abilities for the dehydration of xylose. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was then loaded to realize the oxidation of furfural without the separation of intermediates. A good maleic acid yield of 20.8%, along with 5.0% of fumaric acid, based on the xylose content were obtained under the initial xylose loading of 50 mM, a tin(IV) chloride (SnCl4)–xylose molar ratio of 4:1, in a monophase choline chloride (ChCl)–formic acid (Fa) (molar ratio of 1:6) system at 120 °C for 2 h. Then, 4 mL of H2O2 per mmol furfural was loaded for a further 10 min at 120 °C.CONCLUSIONThis ChCl–Fa–SnCl4–H2O2 system possesses a higher oxidation selectivity to maleic acid with no furanone and succinic acid. Moreover, it was interesting that ChCl and SnCl4 could be recovered through natural recrystallization. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
In situ construction of hierarchical graphitic carbon nitride homojunction as robust bifunctional photoelectrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Luo Leng , Zhang Hua‐Wei , Han Er‐Xun , Zhou Bin‐Xin , Huang Wei‐Qing , Hu Wangyu , Huang Gui‐Fang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSustainable production of oxygen and hydrogen via catalyst‐aided water splitting utilizing solar energy has attracted increasing interest. The primary issue in this field is the development of earth‐abundant and active photoelectrocatalytic materials. Herein, a novel hierarchical g‐C3N4/g‐C3N4 metal‐free homojunction catalyst is synthesized through partial hydrolysis of melamine in alkali and subsequent thermal treatment.RESULTSThe hierarchical g‐C3N4/g‐C3N4 metal‐free homojunction composed of lamellas features large exposed surface area, abundant interface contact and more channels for mass transfer, making it highly effective for water splitting with a small overpotential of 500 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and low Tafel slope of 93.1 mV dec−1 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1.0 mol L−1 potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, as well as 259 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 109.33 mV dec−1 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 0.5 mol L−1 sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. Furthermore, the overpotential and Tafel slope further decrease to 383.4 mV and 69.52 mV dec−1 for OER, 150.1 mV and 67.93 mV dec−1 for HER upon visible light irradiation, demonstrating the exceptional photo‐responsive catalytic performance, which can be attributed to the direct Z‐scheme homojunction resulting in effective charge transfer and •OH and superoxide free radicals produced under visible light irradiation.CONCLUSIONThis work provides a facile but effective approach for the construction of metal‐free OER/HER bifunctional catalyst with high photo‐responsive performance, achieving higher activity for catalyst‐assisted water splitting. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Elevation‐dependent cooling caused by volcanic eruptions during the last millennium
Authors: Ning Liang , Liu Jian , Bradley Raymond S. , Yan Mi , Chen Kefan , Sun Weiyi , Jin Chunhan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmplified warming over high‐elevation regions has been observed in recent decades, affecting mountain hydrological systems, ecosystems, and socioeconomic development. However, whether natural forcing in the past caused similar elevation‐dependent temperature changes is unclear. Because limited observational data constrain our understanding of such elevation‐dependent temperature changes and the corresponding mechanisms, here we use multi‐model long‐term simulations to show that elevation‐dependent cooling (EDC) occurred after major volcanic eruptions during the last millennium. We propose two physical mechanisms responsible for the EDC: a reduction in latent heat release related to the tropical deep convection, serving as the large‐scale background climate change; feedbacks involving snow albedo and surface received short‐wave radiation, serving as the local processes. These findings improve our understanding of the physical mechanisms behind elevation‐dependent temperature changes, and provide insights for future climate projections considering both natural forcing and greenhouse gas increases.
Quantifying relationships between environmental factors and power dissipation on the most prolific days in the largest tornado “outbreaks”
Authors: Schroder Zoe , Elsner James B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStudies show an increasing tendency for tornadoes in the United States to occur in larger outbreaks. To shed light on the reason for this, the authors use a regression model to quantify the relationship between convective environmental variables and accumulated tornado power (ATP). They consider only days with many tornadoes that occur as part of an outbreak. Results show an average upward trend in ATP at 5% ([2.5%, 12%], 95% uncertainty interval) per year. ATP increases by 125% for every 10 m⋅s−1 increase in bulk shear (on average)and by 33% for every 1,000 J⋅kg−1 increase in convective available potential energy holding the other variables constant. Changes in bulk shear, which has the largest effect on ATP, might help explain the documented changes in tornado activity.