bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early detection of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis using 99mTc-Cys-Annexin V-based apoptosis imaging in a rabbit model
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Li Jianbo , Man Da , Liu Rui , Zhao Jianmin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAt present, the early diagnosis of femoral head necrosis mainly relies on Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and most early patients are difficult to make an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, to investigate the early diagnostic value of99mTc-Cys-Annexin V Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging were compared with MRI in rabbit models of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis.MethodsThe animal model of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis (SIFHN) was established in 5-month-old healthy New Zealand white rabbits by injecting horse serum into ear vein and methylprednisolone into gluteal muscle, the purpose of modeling is to simulate the actual clinical situation of SIFNH.99mTc-Cys-Annexin V SPECT imaging and MRI were performed at 2nd week, 4th week, and 6th week after modeling. After that, histopathology was used to verify the success of modeling. Apoptosis was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay (TUNEL).ResultsAt 2 weeks after the injection of hormone,99mTc-Cys-Annexin V SPECT image showed abnormal radioactive uptake in the bilateral femoral head. And over time, the radioactivity concentration was more obvious, and the ratio of T/NT (target tissue/non-target tissues, which is the ratio of femoral head and the ipsilateral femoral shaft) was gradually increased. In the99mTc-Cys-Annexin V SPECT imaging at each time point, T/NT ratio of the model group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01); at 4 weeks after the injection of hormone, MRI showed an abnormal signal of osteonecrosis. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks after hormone injection, apoptosis was observed by TUNEL and TEM.Conclusions99mTc-Cys-Annexin V SPECT imaging can diagnose steroid-induced femoral head necrosis earlier than MRI, and has potential application value for non-invasively detecting early and even ultra-early stage of femoral head necrosis.
Efficient Preparation of Nanoparticle-Reinforced Nickel-based Composite Coating with Highly Preferred (220) Orientation
Authors: Ji Renjie , Jin Hui , Liu Yonghong , Dong Tiancong , Zhang Fan , Zhao Lilong , Wu Xinlei , Sun Qiang , Liu Peng , Dong Hang , Ma Chi , Li Dege , Cai Baoping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite coatings have significant potential in mechanical part surface strengthening owing their excellent mechanical properties. This paper reports a phenomenon in which the grain orientation gradually evolves to (220) as the deposition current density increases when preparing nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composite coatings through jet electrodeposition (JED). During the preparation of the Ni-SiC composite coatings, the deposition current density increased from 180 A/dm2 to 220 A/dm2, and TC(220) gradually increase from 41.4% to 97.7%. With an increase of TC(220), the self-corrosion potential increases from −0.575 to −0.477 V, the corrosion current density decreases from 9.52 μA/cm2 to 2.76 μA/cm2, the diameter of the corrosion pits that after 10 days of immersion in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution decreases from 278–944 nm to 153–260 nm, and the adhesion of the coating increases from 24.9 N to 61.6 N. Compared a conventional electrodeposition (CED), the Ni-SiC composite coating using JED has the advantages of a smooth surface morphology, high corrosion resistance, and strong adhesion, which are more obvious with an increase in TC(220).
Comparison of two ASC-derived therapeutics in an in vitro OA model: secretome versus extracellular vesicles
Authors: Giannasi Chiara , Niada Stefania , Magagnotti Cinzia , Ragni Enrico , Andolfo Annapaola , Brini Anna Teresa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
In the last years, several clinical trials have proved the safety and efficacy of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASC) in contrasting osteoarthritis (OA). Since ASC act mainly through paracrine mechanisms, their secretome (conditioned medium, CM) represents a promising therapeutic alternative. ASC-CM is a complex cocktail of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids released as soluble factors and/or conveyed into extracellular vesicles (EV). Here, we investigate its therapeutic potential in an in vitro model of OA.

Methods
Human articular chondrocytes (CH) were induced towards an OA phenotype by 10 ng/ml TNFα in the presence of either ASC-CM or EV, both deriving from 5 × 105 cells, to evaluate the effect on hypertrophic, catabolic, and inflammatory markers.

Results
Given the same number of donor cells, our data reveal a higher therapeutic potential of ASC-CM compared to EV alone that was confirmed by its enrichment in chondroprotective factors among which TIMP-1 and -2 stand out. In details, only ASC-CM significantly decreased MMP activity (22% and 29% after 3 and 6 days) and PGE2 expression (up to 40% at day 6) boosted by the inflammatory cytokine. Conversely, both treatments down-modulated of ~ 30% the hypertrophic marker COL10A1.

Conclusions
These biological and molecular evidences of ASC-CM beneficial action on CH with an induced OA phenotype may lay the basis for its future clinical translation as a cell-free therapeutic in the management of OA.
The impact of health information technology on prescribing errors in hospitals: a systematic review and behaviour change technique analysis
Authors: Devin Joan , Cleary Brian J. , Cullinan Shane 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Health information technology (HIT) is known to reduce prescribing errors but may also cause new types of technology-generated errors (TGE) related to data entry, duplicate prescribing, and prescriber alert fatigue. It is unclear which component behaviour change techniques (BCTs) contribute to the effectiveness of prescribing HIT implementations and optimisation. This study aimed to (i) quantitatively assess the HIT that reduces prescribing errors in hospitals and (ii) identify the BCTs associated with effective interventions.

Methods
Articles were identified using CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science to May 2020. Eligible studies compared prescribing HIT with paper-order entry and examined prescribing error rates. Studies were excluded if prescribing error rates could not be extracted, if HIT use was non-compulsory or designed for one class of medication. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess study quality. The review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA and SWiM guidelines. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated across the studies. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise effect estimates. Two researchers examined studies for BCTs using a validated taxonomy. Effectiveness ratios (ER) were used to determine the potential impact of individual BCTs.

Results
Thirty-five studies of variable risk of bias and limited intervention reporting were included. TGE were identified in 31 studies. Compared with paper-order entry, prescribing HIT of varying sophistication was associated with decreased rates of prescribing errors (median OR 0.24, IQR 0.03–0.57). Ten BCTs were present in at least two successful interventions and may be effective components of prescribing HIT implementation and optimisation including prescriber involvement in system design, clinical colleagues as trainers, modification of HIT in response to feedback, direct observation of prescriber workflow, monitoring of electronic orders to detect errors, and system alerts that prompt the prescriber.

Conclusions
Prescribing HIT is associated with a reduction in prescribing errors in a variety of hospital settings. Poor reporting of intervention delivery and content limited the BCT analysis. More detailed reporting may have identified additional effective intervention components. Effective BCTs may be considered in the design and development of prescribing HIT and in the reporting and evaluation of future studies in this area.
Detection of Fusobacterium nucleatum in feces and colorectal mucosa as a risk factor for colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Janati Amal Idrissi , Karp Igor , Laprise Claudie , Sabri Hisham , Emami Elham 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests a potentially important role of colorectal infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinogenesis. We conducted a systematic review, including both a qualitative synthesis and a meta-analysis, to synthesize the evidence from the epidemiological literature on the association between F. nucleatum detection in the colon/rectum and CRC.

Methods
A systematic literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(R), Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, EBM Reviews—Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL Plus with Full Text was conducted using earliest inclusive dates up to 4 October 2020. Eligible studies were original, comparative observational studies that reported results on colorectal F. nucleatum detection and CRC. Two independent reviewers extracted the relevant information. Odds ratio (OR) estimates were pooled across studies using the random effects model. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to critically appraise study quality.

Results
Twenty-four studies were included in the systematic review, of which 12 were included in the meta-analysis. Studies investigated F. nucleatum in feces, colorectal tissue samples, or both. In most studies included in the systematic review, the load of F. nucleatum was higher, on average, in specimens from CRC patients than in those from CRC-free controls. Meta-analysis showed a positive association between F. nucleatum detection in colorectal specimens and CRC (OR = 8.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.2 to 13.0).

Conclusions
The results of this systematic review suggest that F. nucleatum in the colon/rectum is associated with CRC.

Systematic review registration
This systematic review protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on July 10, 2018 (registration number CRD42018095866).
Diagnosis and therapy of functional tremor a systematic review illustrated by a case report
Authors: Bartl Michael , Kewitsch Rebekka , Hallett Mark , Tegenthoff Martin , Paulus Walter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Diagnosis of functional movement disorders and specifically functional tremor (FT) (representing 50% of them) remains demanding. Additionally, due to heterogeneity of the disorders, structured concepts and guidelines for diagnosis and therapy are difficult to establish. Ascertaining the state of knowledge to derive instructions for operating procedures is the aim of this review.

Main text
Based on a standardized systematic literature research using the term “psychogenic tremor” in the MEDLINE database dating back ten years, 76 studies were evaluated. Conventional features of FT are variability of frequency and amplitude. Further, response to distraction by motor and cognitive tasks is a key diagnostic feature in differentiation between organic and functional origin. A variety of electrophysiological tests have been evaluated including surface electromyography and accelerometry to establish laboratory-supported criteria for diagnosing tremor. Also, finger tapping tests have been used to identify FT, showing positive potential as supplementary evidence.
Imaging studies in general are mostly underpowered and imaging cannot be used on an individual basis. Therapeutic studies in FT often have a diagnostic component. Cognitive behavioral therapy should be the preferred psychological treatment independent of additional psychiatric symptoms. Other psychotherapeutic methods show lack of evidence concerning FT. Relaxation techniques and physiotherapy are an important additional feature, especially in children and adolescents. In regard to drug therapy, randomized and blinded trials are not available. A significant decrease in rating scales could be detected after active, not sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with a long-lasting effect. Also root magnetic stimulation seems to be effective. The clinical feature of tremor entrainment in FT can be used in combination with biofeedback as so-called tremor retrainment, using self-modulation of frequency and severity, to bring the movements under volitional control.

Conclusion
Diagnosis and treatment of FT is challenging and should include a combination of intensive clinical examination and targeted addition of standardized testing, especially electrophysiological methods. Often therapeutic effects have a diagnostic component. A multimodal strategy, considering psychological factors as a potential origin as well as maintaining effects seems to be most effective.
Hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera extract on TNF-α and TGF-β expression in acetaminophen-induced liver fibrosis in rats
Authors: Aly Omnia , Abouelfadl Dalia M. , Shaker Olfat G. , Hegazy Gehan A. , Fayez Ahmed M. , Zaki Hanan Hassan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
It has been reported that Moringa oleifera (MO) has different medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective role of Moringa oleifera extract on acetaminophen-induced liver fibrosis in albino rats on a biochemical and histological basis. Forty male albino rats were divided into four groups: group I (control group), healthy rates; group II (acetaminophen group), rates received acetaminophen for induction of liver fibrosis; group III (treated group), liver fibrosis of rates treated with Moringa oleifera extract; and group IV (prophylactic group), rates treated with Moringa oleifera extract before and after induction of liver fibrosis. Serum liver function parameters were quantified using a spectrophotometer, while tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and transformed growth factor beta (TGF- β) in liver tissue homogenate by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and expression of liver tissue TNF-α and TGF-genes was measured by real-time PCR after extraction and purification. Hepatic tissue was also evaluated under a microscope for histopathological changes.

Results
Our results showed a significant decrease in liver enzymes, TNF-α, and TGF-β in the treated and prophylactic groups compared to the acetaminophen group, and our biochemical data were consistent with the histopathological findings confirming the hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera extract.

Conclusions
Biochemical parameters and histopathology results provide evidence that Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract has a great potential to prevent and improve liver damage due to its protective activity.
In silico analysis of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of human DEFB1 gene
Authors: Venkata Subbiah Harini , Ramesh Babu Polani , Subbiah Usha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play a significant role in differences in individual’s susceptibility to diseases, and it is imperative to differentiate potentially harmful SNPs from neutral ones. Defensins are small cationic antimicrobial peptides that serve as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory molecules, and SNPs in β-defensin 1 (DEFB1 gene) have been associated with several diseases. In this study, we have determined deleterious SNPs of the DEFB1 gene that can affect the susceptibility to diseases by using different computational methods. Non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) of the DEFB1 gene that have the ability to affect protein structure and functions were determined by several in silico tools—SIFT, PolyPhen v2, PROVEAN, SNAP, PhD-SNP, and SNPs&GO. Then, nsSNPs identified to be potentially deleterious were further analyzed by I-Mutant and ConSurf. Post-translational modifications mediated by nsSNPs were predicted by ModPred, and gene-gene interaction was studied by GeneMANIA. Finally, nsSNPs were submitted to Project HOPE analysis.

Results
Ten nsSNPs of the DEFB1 gene were found to be potentially deleterious: rs1800968, rs55874920, rs56270143, rs140503947, rs145468425, rs146603349, rs199581284, rs201260899, rs371897938, rs376876621. I-Mutant server showed that nsSNPs rs140503947 and rs146603349 decreased stability of the protein, and ConSurf analysis revealed that SNPs were located in conserved regions. The physiochemical properties of the polymorphic amino acid residues and their effect on structure were determined by Project HOPE.

Conclusion
This study has determined high-risk deleterious nsSNPs of β-defensin 1 and could increase the knowledge of nsSNPs towards the impact of mutations on structure and functions mediated by β-defensin 1 protein.
New Horizons: Does Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activation by Cortisol Cause ATP Release and COVID-19 Complications?
Authors: Edwards Christopher 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper attempts to explain how the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus causes the complications that make coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a serious disease in specific patient subgroups. It suggests that cortisol-associated activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in epithelial and endothelial cells infected with the virus stimulates the release of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), which then acts back on purinergic receptors. In the lung this could produce the nonproductive cough via purinergic P2X3 receptors on vagal afferent nerves. In endothelial cells it could stimulate exocytosis of Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) that contain angiopoietin-2, which is important in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by increasing capillary permeability and von Willebrand factor (VWF), which mediates platelet adhesion to the endothelium and hence clotting. Angiopoietin-2 and VWF levels both are markedly elevated in COVID-19–associated ARDS. This paper offers an explanation for the sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 complications and also for why these are strongly associated with age, race, diabetes, and body mass index. It also explains why individuals with blood group A have a higher risk of severe infection than those with blood group O. Dexamethasone has been shown to be of benefit in coronavirus ARDS patients and has been thought to act as an anti-inflammatory drug. This paper suggests that a major part of its effect may be due to suppression of cortisol secretion. There is an urgent need to trial the combination of dexamethasone and an MR antagonist such as spironolactone to more effectively block the MR and hence the exocytosis of WPBs.
Do the Heterozygous Carriers of a CYP24A1 Mutation Display a Different Biochemical Phenotype Than Wild Types?
Authors: Brancatella Alessandro , Cappellani Daniele , Kaufmann Martin , Borsari Simona , Piaggi Paolo , Baldinotti Fulvia , Caligo Maria Adelaide , Jones Glenville , Marcocci Claudio , Cetani Filomena 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
Human cytochrome P450 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24A1) loss-of-function mutations result in impaired activity of the 24-hydroxylase involved in vitamin D catabolism, thus inducing a vitamin D-dependent hypercalcemia. Homozygotes often present an overt clinical phenotype named idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH), whereas it is debated whether heterozygotes display an abnormal phenotype.

Objective
To compare the clinical and biochemical features of heterozygous carriers of CYP24A1 variant and healthy wild-type controls sharing the same genetic and environmental exposure.

Methods
A large family harboring the nonsense c.667A&gt;T, p.Arg223* pathogenic variant in the CYP24A1 gene was evaluated. All subjects underwent clinical and biochemical evaluation and complete analysis of vitamin D metabolites using mass spectroscopy including 1,24,25(OH)3D3. Subjects were divided into 2 groups according to their genotype: heterozygotes and wild-type for the CYP24A1 variant.

Results
The proband, a 40-year-old man, homozygous for p.Arg223* pathogenic variant, had a history of mild hypercalcemia with a seasonal trend, recurrent nephrolithiasis, and no episodes of acute hypercalcemia. He showed the highest serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23, the highest 25(OH)D3/24,25(OH)2D3 ratio and undetectable levels of 1,24,25(OH)3D3, which represent indicators of a loss-of-function CYP24A1. Compared with the wild-types, heterozygotes had higher serum calcium and 25(OH)D3 concentrations (P = .017 and P = .025, respectively), without any difference in the other biochemical parameters and in the rate of nephrolithiasis.

Conclusion
Heterozygotes exhibit a biochemical phenotype different from that of wild-type subjects. In clinical practice, these individuals might require surveillance because of the potential risk of developing hypercalcemia and related clinical manifestations if exposed to triggering factors.
Insulin Resistance Is Central to Long-Term Reversal of Histologic Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis After Metabolic Surgery
Authors: Russo Maria Francesca , Lembo Erminia , Mari Andrea , Angelini Giulia , Verrastro Ornella , Nanni Giuseppe , Pompili Maurizio , Raffaelli Marco , Vecchio Fabio Maria , Bornstein Stefan R , Mingrone Geltrude 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered the hepatic counterpart of metabolic syndrome.

Objective
This work aimed to investigate the determinants of NASH reversal in patients undergoing biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) in a 5-year follow-up study.

Methods
This prospective study was conducted at Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli. A total of 37 patients underwent fine-needle liver biopsy during BPD. Ultrasonography-guided percutaneous liver biopsy was obtained 5 years after the operation. The primary outcome of our study was histologic NASH reversal at 5-year follow-up. To better characterize the clinical variables involved in the resolution of NASH, we also compared patients without histologic NASH resolution at 5 years with those in whom NASH had disappeared.

Results
At follow-up, NASH had reversed in 56.5% of the patients. The NAFLD activity score (NAS) improved from 3.7 ± 0.93 to 2 ± 1.11 (P &lt; .001). Fibrosis reversed in 16% patients (P = .022), and 32% improved (95% CI, 0.05-0.54). No significant differences in body mass index or clinical parameters changes explained the effect of surgery on NASH, apart from the measure of insulin sensitivity post surgery. The Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance decreased from 3.31 ± 1.72 at baseline to 1.73 ± 1.08 (P &lt; .001) after BPD, and the Matsuda index improved from 2.66 ± 1.79 to 4.73 ± 3.05 (P &lt; .001). The lipid profile normalized (total cholesterol from 4.75 ± 1.18 to 3.32 ± 0.77 mmol/L, P &lt; .001; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from 2.92 ± 0.91 to 1.60 ± 0.51 mmol/L, P = .0001; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol from 0.97 ± 0.33 to 1.10 ± 0.35 mmol/L, P = .023; triglycerides from 2.52 ± 1.6 to 1.47 ± 0.67 mmol/L, P = .003). Neural network analysis showed that the end-study Matsuda index discriminated between responders and nonresponders with high accuracy (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve = 0.98%).

Conclusion
Remission of NASH is driven by reversal of whole-body insulin resistance post intervention.