bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piperine Nanoparticles for Topical Application: Preparation, Characterization,In vitroandIn silicoEvaluation
Authors: Budama‐Kilinc Yasemin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, piperine was investigated as a drug molecule due to its analgesic and anti‐inflammatory properties. Piperine was encapsulated with poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) in order to increase drug bioavailability for topical applications. Characterization of piperine PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) were performed with spectroscopic and imaging methods. It was found that the piperine PLGA NPs were successfully prepared according to the analyses. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of the piperine were calculated as 99% and 3%, respectively.In vitrorelease study was also performed. Besides, it was shown that piperine had no mutagenic effect. Finally, molecular docking simulation was performed by using the AutoDock Vina program to identify the interaction between piperine and COX‐1 and COX‐2 enzymes. The aim of this study is to contribute to the design of plant derived nano‐formulations for local anti‐inflammation and pain treatment with better skin penetration.
Dynamic regulation of connexins in stem cell pluripotency
Authors: Esseltine Jessica L. , Brooks Courtney R. , Edwards Nicole A. , Subasri Mathushan , Sampson Jacinda , Séguin Cheryle , Betts Dean H. , Laird Dale W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Characterization of the pluripotent “ground state” has led to a greater understanding of species-specific stem cell differences and has imparted an appreciation of the pluripotency continuum that exists in stem cells in vitro. Pluripotent stem cells are functionally coupled via connexins that serve in gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and here we report that the level of connexin expression in pluripotent stem cells depends upon the state in which stem cells exist in vitro. Human and mouse pluripotent stem cells stabilized in a developmentally primitive or “naïve” state exhibit significantly less connexin expression compared with stem cells which are “primed” for differentiation. This dynamic connexin expression pattern may be governed, in part, by differential regulation by pluripotency transcription factors expressed in each cell state. Species-specific differences do exist, however, with mouse stem cells expressing several additional connexin transcripts not found in human pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of GJIC shows limited impact on naïve human stem cell survival, self-renewal, and pluripotency but plays a more significant role in primed human pluripotent stem cells. However, CRISPR-Cas9 gene ablation of Cx43 in human and mouse primed and naïve pluripotent stem cells reveals that Cx43 is dispensable in each of these four pluripotent stem cell types.
Proteasome activation by insulin-like growth factor-1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling promotes exercise-induced neurogenesis
Authors: Niu Xiaojie , Zhao Yunhe , Yang Na , Zhao Xuechun , Zhang Wei , Bai Xiaowen , Li Ang , Yang Wulin , Lu Li 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Physical exercise-induced enhancement of learning and memory and alleviation of age-related cognitive decline in humans have been widely acknowledged. However, the mechanistic relationship between exercise and cognitive improvement remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that exercise-elicited cognitive benefits were accompanied by adaptive hippocampal proteasome activation. Voluntary wheel running increased hippocampal proteasome activity in adult and middle-aged mice, contributing to an acceleration of neurogenesis that could be reversed by intrahippocampal injection of the proteasome inhibitor MG132. We further found that increased levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in both serum and hippocampus may be essential for exercise-induced proteasome activation. Our in vitro study demonstrated that IGF-1 stimulated proteasome activity in cultured adult neural progenitor cells (NPCs) by promoting nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), followed by elevated expressions of proteasome subunits such as PSMB5. In contrast, pretreating adult mice with the selective IGF-1R inhibitor picropodophyllin diminished exercise-induced neurogenesis, concurrent with reduced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and proteasome activity. Likewise, lowering Nrf2 expression by RNA interference with bilateral intrahippocampal injections of recombinant adeno-associated viral particles significantly suppressed exercise-induced proteasome activation and attenuated cognitive function. Collectively, our work demonstrates that proteasome activation in hippocampus through IGF-1/Nrf2 signaling is a key adaptive mechanism underlying exercise-related neurogenesis, which may serve as a potential targetable pathway in neurodegeneration.
The surjectivity of the Borel mapping in the mixed setting for ultradifferentiable ramification spaces
Authors: Jiménez-Garrido Javier , Sanz Javier , Schindl Gerhard 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe considerr-ramification ultradifferentiable classes, introduced by J. Schmets and M. Valdivia in order to study the surjectivity of the Borel map, and later on also exploited by the authors in the ultraholomorphic context. We characterize quasianalyticity in such classes, extend the results of Schmets and Valdivia about the image of the Borel map in a mixed ultradifferentiable setting, and obtain a version of the Whitney extension theorem in this framework.
Trophic Indicators of Ecological Resilience in a Tidal Lagoon Estuary Following Wastewater Diversion and Earthquake Disturbance
Authors: Zeldis John R. , Depree Craig , Gongol Catherine , South Paul M. , Marriner Andrew , Schiel David R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEstuary ecological resilience can be gauged by response of estuary trophic state to abatement of nutrient pollution. Changes in trophic indicators were studied in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (AHE) in Christchurch, New Zealand, over 6 years, spanning diversion of city wastewater inputs to an offshore outfall in 2010, and to temporary enrichment caused by the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. It was hypothesised that the tidally well-flushed and sandy AHE would not harbour a ‘legacy’ of eutrophication and would rapidly gain improved ecological function following the diversion. AHE sediments were coarse (156 μm median grain size) with low organic matter (OM 1.2%, N 0.03%, C 0.3%), which changed little either with diversion or earthquake. Upon diversion, median water column and porewater ammonium (36, 185 μmol) decreased by 87% and 57%, respectively, benthic microalgae (269 mg chlorophyll-a m−2) fell by 58%, and enrichment-affiliated polychaetes (3700–8000 m−2) fell by 60–80% at sites with largest benthic microalgal reductions, all within < 1–2 years. Oxygen and ammonium fluxes were usually oligotrophic and changed little upon diversion, except near the historic wastewater discharge site. Denitrification became more important for N loss, increasing from 5 to 29% of estuary N load. Responses to earthquake-driven enrichment were transient. Despite decades of heavy N loading and eutrophic growths of benthic microalgae and macroalgae, the AHE did not store a eutrophic legacy in its sediments. It reacted rapidly to improved water quality allowed by the outfall, showing that this common estuary type (sandy, well-flushed tidal lagoon) was resilient to eutrophication upon stressor removal.
Model tests for surge height of rock avalanche–debris flows based on momentum balance
Authors: Zhao Haixin , Yao Lingkan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rock avalanche–debris flows triggered by earthquakes commonly take place in mountainous areas. When entering a body of water, due to good fluidity they can move for some time instead of halting in water. In this study, we proposed a method for calculating the surge height of rock avalanche–debris flows based on momentum balance and designed a series of model tests to validate this method. The experimental variables include the initial water depth, landslide velocity, and landslide volume. According to the experimental results, we analyzed the maximum wave height in sliding zone based on momentum balance. In addition, we investigated the surge height and proposed the calculation method in propagating zone and running up zone. In this way, we can find out the surge height in different areas when a rock avalanche–debris flow impacts into the water, which could provide a basis for analyzing the burst of barrier lakes.
Deep and Extreme Child Poverty in Rich and Poor Nations: Lessons from Atkinson for the Fight Against Child Poverty
Authors: Cai Yixia , Smeeding Timothy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe paper documents child poverty levels and trends using both relative (‘deep’) and absolute (‘extreme’) measures in two clusters: Anglo-Saxon high-income countries and upper middle-income countries. We also investigate the influence of different components of household income and other resources on child deep-poverty rates to examine the role of the market and the redistributive effects that materialize through private transfers, public benefits, and tax systems on generating poverty reduction. Overall, middle-income nations have witnessed continuous reductions in their extreme child poverty rates, while mild decreases or fluctuations have been observed in the five high-income nations, with the US highlighted by its relatively high rates of deep and extreme poverty regardless of absolute or relative measures and type of equivalence scale used. Private institutions play a larger role in poverty reduction in middle-income nations compared to its impact on developed nations. The degree of dependence on universal or assistance benefits varies among high-income nation. In the US, universal programs tend to be meager, while Australian social insurance and universal benefit are robust in their fight against deep poverty. Brazil stands out by its overwhelmingly large proportion of social insurance programs that contribute to improvements of its deep child poverty situation, and South Africa’s assistance benefit system performs better in lifting children out of deep poverty.
Multidimensional Feature Selection and High Performance ParalleX
Authors: Niedzielewski Karol , Marchwiany Maciej E. , Piliszek Radoslaw , Michalewicz Marek , Rudnicki Witold 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Great amount of stored information used in connection with Machine Learning and statistical methods enables high quality insight and analysis of data that leads to design of high precision predictive and classification systems. In the process of analysis, selection of most informative features is crucial for later quality of the designed system. In this report, we propose two implementations of multidimensional feature selection (MDFS) algorithm (Piliszek et al. in Mdfs-multidimensional feature selection. arXiv preprint. arXiv:1811.00631, 2018) that can be used in distributed environments for detection of all-relevant variables in data sets with discrete decision variable. While most methods discard information about interactions between features, MDFS is designed towards identification of informative variables that are not relevant when considered alone but are relevant in groups. We have developed software using C++ and High Performance ParalleX (HPX) (Kaiser et al. in STEllAR-GROUP/hpx: HPX V1.3.0: the C++ Standards library for parallelism and concurrency. 2019. 10.5281/zenodo.3189323, 2019) to achieve best performance, great scalability and portability. HPX is a library that uses lightweight threads, asynchronous communication, and asynchronous task submission based on the declarative criteria of work. These features enabled us to deeply explore granularity and parallelism of the MDFS algorithm. Software is prepared entirely in C++; therefore, calculations can be performed using CPUs on desktops, distributed systems, and any system with C++ compiler support. During testing on Cray XC40 (Okeanos) using artificially prepared data, we achieved 196 times acceleration on 256 nodes compared to a single node. From this point, ICM computing facility is capable of massively parallel feature engineering. The main purpose of the software is to enable researchers for more accurate genomics data analysis in search for multiple correlations in potential sources of the diseases.
Cold ischaemia time: Is too long really too bad? Studies using a porcine kidney ex-vivo reperfusion model
Authors: Hamaoui Karim , Gowers Sally , Sandhu Bynvant , Cook Terry , Boutelle Martyn , Casanova-Rituerto Daniel , Papalois Vassilios 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Post-ischaemic hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) may be beneficial in recovery of marginal kidney grafts. The full capacity of conventional HMP (with passive oxygenation) to recondition an organ has not been realised. We investigated whether HMP can ameliorate ischemic damage caused by extremely prolonged static cold storage (SCS).

Methods:
Porcine kidneys underwent 4-h (SCS4,n = 4) or 52-h (SCS52,n = 4) SCS, followed by 10 h of HMP and were then subjected to 2 h of isolated normothermic reperfusion (NRP).

Results:
There was a post-SCS graft weight loss in SCS52 vs SCS4 kidneys. SCS52 kidneys showed viable perfusion dynamics during HMP, with significantly shorter times to reach viable parameters vs SCS4 kidneys (p < 0.027). During NRP SCS52 kidneys demonstrated similar trends in perfusion dynamics, renal function, oxygen consumptions, lactate production, and tubular injury to SCS4 kidneys.

Conclusion:
Graft weight loss after SCS, reducing resistance to perfusion, may facilitate better HMP dynamics and graft reconditioning. Clinicians utilising HMP should be aware of this phenomenon when using HMP in kidneys exposed to extreme periods of SCS. HMP after an extended period of SCS can resuscitate kidneys to a level equitable of viability as those after a short period of SCS. Utilising passive oxygenation however may be limiting such recovery and interventions utilising active oxygenation may provide benefit in such organs.

Highlights:
A cascade of complications after liver transplantation: A case report
Authors: Shadhu Kamleshsingh , Ramlagun Dadhija , Qin Jianjie , Xia Yongxiang 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Postoperative complications after liver transplantation are a clinical challenge for surgeons and their awareness and management needs to be reported.

Case presentation:
A 50-year-old male patient came to our hospital 40 days after liver transplantation. The patient was on Tacrolimus. He had anastomotic biliary stricture, nephrotoxicity, huge haematoma transformation and paralysis of left lower limb. He underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography drainage (PTCD), artificial arterio-venous fistula formation, dialysis, and blood transfusion.

Conclusion:
We conclude that important cooperation is needed between patient and surgical team to solve the cascade of complications due to side effects of postoperative drugs.

Highlights:
Automated sensor‐based detection of challenging behaviors in advanced stages of dementia in nursing homes
Authors: Goerss Doreen , Hein Albert , Bader Sebastian , Halek Margareta , Kernebeck Sven , Kutschke Andreas , Heine Christina , Krueger Frank , Kirste Thomas , Teipel Stefan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionSensor‐based assessment of challenging behaviors in dementia may be useful to support caregivers. Here, we investigated accelerometry as tool for identification and prediction of challenging behaviors.MethodsWe set up a complex data recording study in two nursing homes with 17 persons in advanced stages of dementia. Study included four‐week observation of behaviors. In parallel, subjects wore sensors 24 h/7 d. Participants underwent neuropsychological assessment including MiniMental State Examination and Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory.ResultsWe calculated the accelerometric motion score (AMS) from accelerometers. The AMS was associated with several types of agitated behaviors and could predict subject's Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory values. Beyond the mechanistic association between AMS and behavior on the group level, the AMS provided an added value for prediction of behaviors on an individual level.DiscussionWe confirm that accelerometry can provide relevant information about challenging behaviors. We extended previous studies by differentiating various types of agitated behaviors and applying long‐term measurements in a real‐world setting.
Erectile Recovery After Radical Pelvic Surgery: Methodological Challenges and Recommendations for Data Reporting
Authors: Capogrosso Paolo , Pozzi Edoardo Pietro , Celentano Valerio , Sanchez-Salas Rafael , Salonia Andrea 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Erectile function (EF) outcomes after radical pelvic surgery vary widely among different studies, partly as a consequence of heterogeneity with regard to the data assessment and reporting methodology.

Aim
Review the methodology of data assessment and reporting of studies evaluating EF outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP), radical cystectomy (RC), and rectal surgery (RS) and provide detailed recommendations to conduct future high-quality research.

Methods
The MEDLINE database was searched for randomized clinical trials and open-label prospective or retrospective studies.

Main Outcome Measure
The panel reviewed the modality of data assessment and reporting concerning 3 specific areas: preoperative patients assessment, surgical technique description, and postoperative patients management and follow-up.

Results
Overall, 280, 36, and 73 studies investigating EF after RP, RC, and RS, respectively, were included. Baseline EF was largely reported (88%) in studies on RP, but only 67% of the studies on either RC or RS assessed EF before surgery. Baseline comorbidities that could impact postoperative EF were reported in 62%, 64%, and 85% of studies on RP, RC, and RS, respectively. The type of surgical approach was provided in all studies, and surgical details relevant to EF (eg, nerve- or organ-sparing surgery) were reported by 86%, 81%, and 62% of studies on RP, RC, and RS, respectively. Conversely, surgeon experience was rarely reported across all studies. Validated tools were commonly used to assess postoperative EF (64% of studies for RP, 78% for RC, and 71% for RS). Only 41%, 17%, and 29% of studies on RP, RC, and RS, respectively, reported a follow-up of at least 2 years. Use of erectile dysfunction treatment after surgery was assessed by only 39%, 17%, and 4.1% of studies on RP, RC, and RS, respectively. Factors potentially influencing EF recovery (eg, urinary or fecal continence, urinary diversion) were commonly reported, but sexual desire after surgery was reported by only 18%, 42%, and 37% of studies on RP, RC, and RS, respectively.

Clinical Implications
The use of a shared methodology for the assessment and reporting of data on EF outcomes after pelvic surgery would allow better estimation of EF outcomes after pelvic surgery.

Strengths & Limitations
The modality of data assessment and reporting among studies investigating EF outcome after pelvic surgery was systematically investigated to provide recommendations allowing a proper interpretation of data.

Conclusion
Studies on EF outcomes after radical pelvic surgery should fulfill specific criteria concerning preoperative patient assessment, reporting of surgical details, and postoperative functional outcome evaluation and management.
An experimental and computational study of the post-collisional flow induced by an impulsively rotated sphere
Authors: Calabretto Sophie A. W. , Denier James P. , Levy Benjamin 
Published: October 2019

The unsteady flow due to a sphere, immersed in a quiescent fluid, and suddenly rotated, is a paradigm for the development of unsteady boundary layers and their collision. Such a collision arises when the boundary layers on the surface of the sphere are advected towards the equator, where they collide, serving to generate a radial jet. We present the first particle image velocimetry measurements of this collision process, the resulting starting vortex and development of the radial jet. Coupled with new computations, we demonstrate that the post-collision steady flow detaches smoothly from the sphere’s surface, in qualitative agreement with the analysis of Stewartson (Grenzschichtforschung/Boundary Layer Research (ed. H. Görtler), Springer, 1958, pp. 60–70), with no evidence of a recirculation zone, contrary to the conjectured structure of Smith & Duck (Q. J. Mech. Appl. Maths, vol. 20, 1977, pp. 143–156).
Evolving Consumption Patterns in the U.S. Alcohol Market: Disaggregated Spatial Analysis
Authors: Hart Jarrett , Alston Julian M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlobal consumption patterns for alcoholic beverages are evolving, with some convergence in per capita consumption among nations as traditionally beer-drinking nations increase their consumption of wine and, conversely, wine-consuming nations shift towards beer. This article explores regional patterns of alcoholic beverage consumption within the United States. One purpose is to see if similar patterns of spatial convergence in consumption patterns can be observed within countries as have been documented in international comparisons. A more fundamental purpose is to explore the converse question and seek to better understand the persistent differences in alcoholic beverage consumption among groups. These issues are addressed using annual U.S. national and state-level data over four decades and, for the more recent period, supermarket scanner data at finer scales of geopolitical aggregation. Socioeconomic and other demographic variables appear to play significant roles in accounting for the spatial differences in consumption patterns, although the details vary across different models and data sets. The analysis of demand using less-aggregative data for a shorter time period reveals some shortcomings in the corresponding analysis based on state-level data over a longer time period, but with poorly measured prices. These findings might extrapolate to studies making international comparisons using national aggregate data. (JEL Classifications: D12, L66)
‘Why Do You Ask?’ The Nature and Impacts of Attitudes towards Public Opinion Surveys in the Arab World
Authors: Gengler Justin J. , Tessler Mark , Lucas Russell , Forney Jonathan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor the first time in an Arab country, this article examines attitudes toward public opinion surveys and their effects on survey-taking behavior. The study uses original survey data from Qatar, the diverse population of which permits comparisons across cultural–geographical groupings within a single, non-democratic polity. The authors find that Qatari and expatriate Arabs hold positive views of surveys, both in absolute terms and relative to individuals from non-Arab countries. Factor analysis reveals that the underlying dimensions of survey attitudes in Qatar mostly mirror those identified in Western settings, but a new dimension is discovered that captures the perceived intentions of surveys. Two embedded experiments assess the impact of survey attitudes. The results show that generalized attitudes toward surveys affect respondents’ willingness to participate both alone and in combination with surveys' objective attributes. The study also finds that negative views about survey reliability and intentions increase motivated under-reporting among Arab respondents, whereas non-Arabs are sensitive only to perceived cognitive and time costs. These findings have direct implications for consumers and producers of Arab survey data.