bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphate fertilizers increase CO2 assimilation and yield of soybean plants in a shaded environment
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zheng Bin , Ren Ting-Hu , Zhang Xing-Hui , Ning Tang-Yuan , Li Geng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To study how phosphate fertilizer regulates the photosynthetic of summer soybeans in low light environment, this study used Qihuang 34 as the test variety, two light treatments[ambient sunlight (L1) during the whole growth period and 40% shade (L2) from 40 days after sowing to 24 days after flowering] with two phosphate fertilizer treatments including non-phosphate fertilizer application (P0), conventional phosphate fertilizer application (P1) in each light treatment was set up to measure the gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence differences of photosynthetic performance as well as the yield and its components in Qihuang 34. The results showed that phosphorus significantly increased chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and grain yield in shading treatment. The yield of soybean was significantly reduced after shading treatment, which was 29.9%, but compared with L2P0, L2P1 treatment yield increased by 36.7%, which was significantly higher than the 27.1% under L1 treatment. The photosynthetic rate under saturated light (Asat) under L2 treatment decreased by 31.5% and 15.6% in R1 and R3 periods, respectively, and average increased by 27.4% and 45% after phosphorus application under two light condition. Furthermore, photosynthetic measurements demonstrated a more significant increase in the maximum efficiency of CO2 fixation, maximum rates of RUBP-carboxylation (Vcmax) in phosphorous treatment under shading conditions. Moreover, further analysis of OJIP curves revealed that phosphate fertilizer significantly improved the electron transfer and light energy absorption performance of the PSII reaction center in shading. The above results demonstrate that phosphate fertilizer contributes to light energy utilization efficiency, increase the low light utilization efficiency by improving PSII performance, promote RUBP regeneration, ensure the source of carboxylates substrates, and coordinate the balance of the photochemical reaction and the Calvin cycle, then alleviate the reduction of photosynthetic efficiency under shading, increase the rate of dry matter accumulation, and greatly increase yield.
Scientific Production in Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak (Rhinorrhea and Otorrhea) from 1945 to 2018
Authors: Monjas-Canovas Irene , Ramos-Rincon Jose-Manuel , Abarca-Olivas Javier , Gras-Albert Juan-Ramón , Romero Isabel Belinchón , González-Alcaide Gregorio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: To analyze research activity on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in general and CSF rhinorrhea and otorrhea in particular, and to identify the main topic clusters in these areas. METHODS: We identified all documents using the medical subject heading “Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak” indexed in the MEDLINE database between 1945 and 2018. We performed a descriptive bibliometric analysis and analyses of networks and research clusters in order to identify the main topic areas of research.RESULTS: From 1945 to 2018 a total of 4130 records were published with the term CSF, including 2821 documents (68.1%) with the term CSF rhinorrhea and 1040 documents (25.8%) with CSF otorrhea. The number of documents published increased from 10 in 1945-49 to 642 in 2010-14. Articles were the dominant document type (86.8% of the documents analyzed), while case reports were the main type of study (37.4%). In terms of geographic distribution, researchers from the United States of America (USA) led in the number of signatures (39.06%), followed by those from the United Kingdom (UK) (7.49%). The most active areas of research in the field were “Postoperative Complications,” “Tomography, X-Ray Computed,” and “Magnetic Resonance Imaging.” The terms “Adults,” “Young Adult,” and “Middle Aged” were most common in CSF rhinorrhea research; and the terms “Infant,” “Child, Preschool,” “Child,” and “Adolescent” were more common in CSF otorrhea. CONCLUSIONS: Articles and case reports related with “Surgery” and “Postoperative Complications” associated with diagnosis are the main topic of study, highlighting the importance of this document type in advancing knowledge.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Ventricular Arrhythmias: Efficacy, Safety and Image Analysis-First Asian Population Study
Authors: Ho Li-Ting , Chen Jenny Ling-Yu , Chan Hsing-Min , Huang Yu-Cheng , Su Mao-Yuan , Kuo Sung-Hsin , Chang Yeun-Chung , Lin Jiunn-Lee , Chen Wen-Jone , Lee Wen-Jen , Lin Lian-Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been proved to be effective in refractory ventricular arrhythmia (VA). We report the first Asian series of SBRT for refractory VA in a group of Taiwanese. This study included patients with treatment-failure VA. 3D electroanatomic maps, delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI) and dual energy computed tomography (CT) were used to identify scar substrates. The target volume was treated with a single radiation dose of 20 Gy delivered by Varian TrueBeam System. Efficacy was assessed by VA events recorded by implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or 24-hour Holter. Pre- and post-radiation therapy image studies were also performed. Adverse events were monitored during follow-up. From February 2019 to December 2019, 7 patients were enrolled. Six male and one female patients, mean age 55 years, received the treatment. Among the 7 patients with variety of cardiomyopathy, one patient died of hepatic failure. For the other 6 patients, at a median follow-up of 14.5 months, the burden of VA decreased significantly. Increased intensity of DE-MRI might be associated with lower risk of VA recurrence while the dual energy CT had lower sensitivity in the detection. No acute and minimal late adverse events were reported. We conclude that, in patients with refractory VA, SBRT was associated with a marked reduction in the burden of VA and DE-MRI might be useful to monitor treatment effect.
Effects of A Preoperative Exercise Training Program on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications and Exercise Capacity In Patients With Abdominal Cancer: A Systematic Review Protocol of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Garcia Isabel Fialho Fontenele , Cavalheri Vinicius , Lunardi Adriana Claudia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

Abdominal cancer surgeries have a high incidence of postoperative complications. One strategy to prevent postoperative complications is preoperative exercise training. There are no systematic reviews that have compared the effects of preoperative exercise training programs of different length, frequency and duration on pre and postoperative clinical outcomes as well as on length of hospital stay (LOS) and in-hospital and late mortality in people with abdominal cancer.
Methods

Searches for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of preoperative exercise training for people undergoing major surgery for abdominal cancer will be conducted in Pubmed, EMBASE, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) and the Cochrane Library. There will be no restrictions on the language or date of publication in the search. The primary outcomes of the systematic review will be incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications as well as post-intervention and postoperative exercise capacity. The risk of bias of included RCTs will be assessed using the PEDro scale. The quality of evidence will be rated using the GRADE system (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Subgroup analyzes will be conducted based on: intervention performed with or without supervision; types of exercises; and frequency and duration of the intervention.
Discussion

Our hypothesis is that preoperative exercise training will reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in people undergoing major surgery for abdominal cancer by improving their preoperative exercise capacity. We will also explore the effects of the program on LOS and mortality.
Systematic review registration:

This systematic review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (Prospective International Register of Systematic Reviews) (number CRD42020199765).
Evolution and Structural Variations of Chloroplast tRNAs in Gymnosperms
Authors: Zhao Yu-he , Zhou Tong , Zhang Ting-Ting , Dong Peng-Bin , Fang Min-Feng , Liu Jian-Ni , Li Zhong-Hu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Transfer RNAs can participate in a variety of vital life activities. The gymnosperms with important ecological and economic values were the dominant and constructive species in the forest ecosystems in the North hemisphere. However, evolution and structural changes of chloroplast tRNA in gymnosperms remain largely unclear.Results: In this study, the nucleotide evolution, phylogenetic relationships and structural variations of 1,779 chloroplast tRNAs in gymnosperms were determined. The number and types of tRNA genes contained in the chloroplast genome of different gymnosperms were not much different, the average amount of tRNA contained was 33, and the occurrence frequency of various types of tRNA in gymnosperms was generally consistent. Nearly half of the anti-codons were absent. Molecular sequence variation analysis revealed the conservative secondary structure of tRNA. About a quarter of the tRNA genes were found to contain precoded 3’ CCA tails. A few tRNAs underwent novel structural changes that were closely related to their minimum free energy, these structural changes affected the stability of tRNA. Phylogenetic analysis showed that tRNAs have evolved from multiple common ancestors and tRNALeu was the most primitive type of tRNA. The transition rate of chloroplast tRNAs was higher than the transversion rate in gymnosperms. The tRNAs continuously have experienced more loss than duplication events during the evolutionary process. Conclusions: These findings provided novel insights into the molecular evolution and biological characteristics of the chloroplast tRNA in gymnosperms.
Genetically Modified Soybean Lines Exhibit Less Transcriptomic Variation Compared to Natural Narieties
Authors: Long Yan , Xu Wentao , Liu Caiyue , Dong Mei , Pei Xinwu , Chen Rui , Jin Wujun , Liu Weixiao , Li Liang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundGenetically modified (GM) soybeans provide a huge amount of food for human consumption and animal feed. However, the possibility of unexpected effects of transgenesis has increased food safety concerns. High-throughput sequencing profiling provides a powerful approach to directly evaluate unintended effects caused by foreign genes.ResultsIn this study, we performed transcriptomic analyses to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in individual soybean tissues, including cotyledon (C), germ (G), hypocotyl (H), and radicle (R), instead of using the whole seed, from four GM and three non-GM soybean lines. A total of 3,351 DEGs were identified among the three non-GM soybean lines. When the GM lines were compared with their non-GM parents, 1,836 to 4,551 DEGs were identified. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the DEGs showed more abundant categories of GO items (199) among non-GM lines than between GM lines and the non-GM natural varieties (166). Results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that most KEGG pathways were the same for the two types of comparisons.ConclusionsThe study successfully employed RNA sequencing to assess the differences in gene expression among four tissues of seven soybean varieties, and the results suggest that transgenes do not induce massive transcriptomic alterations in transgenic soybeans compared with those that exist among natural varieties. This work thus provides important support for safety evaluation of genetically modified soybeans based on seed tissues.
Identification of drought-tolerance genes in the germination stage of soybean
Authors: Zhao Xingzhen , Liu Zhangxiong , Li Huihui , Zhang Yanjun , Yu Lili , Qi Xusheng , Gao Huawei , Li Yinghui , Qiu Lijuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

Drought stress influences the vigor of plant seeds and inhibits seed germination, making it one of the primary environmental factors adversely affecting food security. The seed germination stage is critical to ensuring the growth and productivity of soybeans in soils prone to drought conditions. We here examined the genetic diversity and drought-tolerance phenotypes of 410 accessions of a germplasm diversity panel for soybean and conducted quantitative genetics analyses to identify loci associated with the drought-tolerance of seedlings.
Results

We uncovered significant differences among the diverse genotypes for 4 growth indices and 5 drought-tolerance indices, which revealed abundant variation among genotypes, upon drought stress, and for genotype × treatment effects. We also used 158,327 SNP markers, and performed GWAS for the drought-related traits. Our data met the conditions (PCA + K) for using a mixed linear model in TASSEL, and we thusly identified 26 SNPs associated with drought tolerance indices for germination stage soybean plants. These were distributed across 10 soybean chromosomes, and these explain 5.19–9.66% of the observed phenotypic variation. Nine SNP sites, including for example Gm20_34956219 and Gm20_34956219, were associated with two or more phenotypic indices, and there were nine SNP markers located in or adjacent to (within 500 kb) previously reported drought tolerance QTLs. These SNP led to our identification of 41 candidate genes related to drought tolerance in the germination stage.
Conclusion

The results of our study contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in soybeans at the germination stage, thereby providing a molecular basis for identifying useful soybean germplasm for breeding new drought-tolerant varieties.
Comparative genome analysis of Salmonella enterica&nbsp;serovar Gallinarum biovars Pullorum and Gallinarum decodes strain specific genes
Authors: Vaid Rajesh Kumar , Thakur Zoozeal , Anand Taruna , Kumar Sanjay , Tripathi Bhupendra Nath 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (bvP) and biovar Gallinarum (bvG) are the etiological agents of pullorum disease (PD) and fowl typhoid (FT) respectively, which cause huge economic losses to poultry industry especially in developing countries including India. Vaccination and biosecurity measures are currently being employed to control and reduce the S. Gallinarum infections. High endemicity, poor implementation of hygiene and lack of effective vaccines pose challenges in prevention and control of disease in intensively maintained poultry flocks. Comparative genome analysis unravels similarities and dissimilarities thus facilitating identification of genomic features that aids in pathogenesis, niche adaptation and in tracing of evolutionary history. The present investigation was carried out to assess the genotypic differences amongst S. enterica serovar Gallinarum strains including Indian strain S. Gallinarum Sal40 VTCCBAA614 with a focus on identification of candidate virulence factors. The comparative genome analysis revealed an open pan-genome consisting of 5091 coding sequence (CDS) with 3270 CDS belonging to core-genome, 1254 CDS to dispensable genome and strain specific genes i.e. singletons ranging from 3 to 102 amongst the analyzed strains. Moreover, the investigated strains exhibited diversity in genomic features such as genomic islands, prophage regions, toxin-antitoxin cassettes, and acquired antimicrobial resistance genes. The identified genetic differences among the S. enterica serovar Gallinarum strains could be used for bacterial typing, design of rapid and reliable diagnostics, structure based inhibitor development and vaccine design for effective infection control as well as eradication and will also form basis for future experimental investigations.
Tandem repeats structure of gel-forming mucin domains could be revealed by SMRT sequencing data
Authors: Lang Tiange 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background.

Gel-forming mucin domains of mucin genes show great complexity with tandem repeats (TRs), thus make it difficult to study the sequences.
Methods.

With the coming of single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technologies, we manage to present sequence structure of mucin domains via SMRT long reads for MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC6.
Results.

Our study shows that for different individuals, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could be found in mucin domains of MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC6, while different number of tandem repeats could be found in mucin domains of MUC2 and MUC6.
Conclusions.

This information will provided new insights on getting the sequence for Tandem Repeat parts which locate in coding region.
Comparative Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Proteins Involved in Grain-Filling Rate of Rice at the Early Ripening Stage
Authors: Chen Jiana , Cao Fangbo , Huang Min , Abou-Elwafa Salah Fatouh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundGrain-filling ability is a determinant factor of rice potential yield. Grain filling is a biological process of starch accumulation involved a large number of major enzymes implicated in carbohydrates metabolism in developing rice endosperm and is governed by a complex balance between the sink (grains) and the source (assimilates). This study was carried out to analyze the proteomic profile of rice grains and to identify proteins associated with high grain-filling rate during the early ripening period in rice.ResultsTMT and LC-MS/MS were employed in analyzing proteomic profile of grains from two rice cultivars possess contrasting phenotypes in grain filling rate to identify proteins associated with high grain-filling rate during the early ripening stage. The two cultivars differed significantly in grain-filling rate during the period of 0–3 days after full heading, indicating the appropriacy of cultivars selection for quantitative proteomic analysis. A total of 219 differentially expressed proteins in grains between the two cultivars were identified, providing a database for quantified proteomics in rice grains during grain filling stage. Elevated expression of many enzymes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism during rice grain filling was observed. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the largest portion of differentially expressed proteins during grain filling associated with carbohydrate metabolism and transportation, suggesting a more specific function of those protein in rice grain development. Starch, sucrose, fatty acids and amino acids biosynthesis and metabolism were significantly enriched pathways.ConclusionsAnalysis of protein-protein interactions indicated the implication of the same proteins in several biological processes such as carbohydrate transport and metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, energy production and conversion and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. The data provide valuable information about the roles of biosynthesis, transport and metabolism of carbohydrate and amino acids in rice grain filling and development. The results represent a valuable foundation for further studies of the roles of differentially expressed proteins in underlying grain filling stage in rice and their potential impacts on rice productivity.
Factors Associated with The Efficiency of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection Among Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Retrospective Data Analysis
Authors: Zheng Yaochao , Luan Shuo , Lin Caina , Yang Qian , Wang Shaoling , Ma Chao , Wu Shaoling 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Intra-articular application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are found to effectively improve knee function in patients with Knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This study is to identify the factors that influence the effect of PRP in the treatment of KOA. Methods: PRP was performed with a rich-leukocyte autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) system in 82 patients who were diagnosed with KOA. A Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was used to score the level of KOA by 3 features as the evaluation indicator of therapeutic effect. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), X-ray and subsequent Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) scale level evaluation were performed before the treatment. Basic information of participants and disease duration were also collected. Simple correlation analysis, single-factor ANOVA and multivariant regression analysis were used for identifying factors associated with the efficiency of PRP injection. Results: WOMAC decreased after PRP therapy by 10.12 ± 0.98 points (P < 0.001). Simple correlation analysis and ANOVA suggest BMI, pre-treatment VAS scores, and pre-treatment K-L scale level positively correlated with the therapeutic effect of PRP treatment (P < 0.05), while the other factors were not significantly correlated with the effect (P > 0.05). Further multivariate model indicates that the responsible variable Y (Post-treatment changes of WOMAC scores) was affected by exploratory variables BMI (X1), VAS (X2), K-L scale level (X3) and Gender (X4) (F = 7.857, P < 0.001). The exploratory variable X3 had the biggest effect on Y.Conclusion: This study found that the therapeutic effect of PRP is better in male patients with higher BMI, higher VAS and lower K-L scale level.This study was qualified and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry as ChiCTR2000039856.
Angiogenesis Imaging Study Using [18F] RGD-K5 PET/CT in Patients with Lymphoma Under Chemotherapy.
Authors: Tonnelet David , Bohn Pierre , Becker Stephanie , Decazes Pierre , Camus Vincent , Thureau Sebastien , TILLY Herve , Jardin Fabrice , Vera Pierre 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background : Our aim was to measure the impact of two cycles of standard chemotherapy on tumoral neoangiogenesis by [18F] Fluorine arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD-K5) Positron Emission Tomography – Computed Tomography (PET) on patients presenting with lymphoma.Twenty one patients were prospectively included in Rouen’s Henri Becquerel Cancer Center. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and RGD-K5 PET were performed before (C0) and after (C2) two cycles of chemotherapy. End of treatment FDG PET was performed for final staging. Maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax), Mean SUV and Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV) were measured for all lesions. RGD SUVmax and meanSUV were also analysed in 13 normal organs at C0 and C2. Patient’s treatment response was considered using Deauville score (DS) on end of treatment FDG PET. (DS 1 to 3 were considered as responders, DS 4 and 5 non-responders).Results : Nineteen patients had both C0 FDG and C0 RGD PET. Twelve patients had both C2 FDG and C2 RGD, completed treatment protocol and were included for end of treatment analysis. No statistical difference was found on normal organs RGD uptake before and after chemotherapy for SUVmax and SUVmean. On C0 RGD, apart from Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL)and Grey Zone Lymphoma (GZL), other lymphoma sub-types had low RGD uptake (p<0.001). Regarding FDG, there was no significant difference for SUVmax, SUVmean and MTV on C0 and C2 between patients with cHL and non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)... On C2 RGD, non-responder patients had higher SUVmax, and SUVmean compared to responder patients (p<0.001). There was no significant difference for RGD MTV between responder and non-responder patients.Conclusions : Our study showed significant higher initial RGD uptake in patients presenting with cHL and GZL compared to NHL. Non responder patients also had higher post chemotherapy RGD uptake compared to responder patients. Issues raised by RGD uptake, particularly in cHL, are yet to be explored and need to be confirmed in a larger population.