bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bixin Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome Activity and Activating Nrf2 Signaling
Authors: Yu Ye , Wu Dong-ming , Li Jing , Deng Shi-hua , Liu Teng , Zhang Ting , He Miao , Zhao Yang-yang , Xu Ying 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune and degenerative disease, is characterized by demyelination and chronic neuroinflammation.Bixin is a carotenoid isolated from the seeds of Bixa orellana that exhibits various potent pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor. However, the effects of bixin on MS remain elusive.Methods To evaluate the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of bixin on MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was established in C57BL/6 mice, which were treated with intragastric administration of bixin solutions. To evaluate the molecular mechanisms of bixin, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses were performed.Results We found that bixin significantly improved the symptoms in EAE mice, and suppressed microglia aggregation and TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activity by scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, bixin activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream genes in EAE mice, and these effects were suppressed upon inhibiting Nrf2 expression with the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385.Conclusions Bixin prevented neuroinflammation and demyelination in EAE mice mainly by scavenging ROS through activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Taken together, our results indicate that bixin is a promising therapeutic candidate to treat MS.
Guidelines and best practice recommendations on contraception and safe abortion care service provision amid COVID-19 pandemic: Scoping review.
Authors: Tolu Lemi Belay , Feyissa Garumma Tolu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction: During pandemics there is uncertainty and information overload. Policy makers and health professionals prefer to use summarized evidence of practice recommendations. The aim of this scoping review is therefore to identify available best guidelines, consensus statements, standard of practice and practice recommendations on contraception and safe abortion care service provision during the COVID-19 pandemics.Methods: We searched guideline databases and websites of professional associations and international organizations working on sexual and reproductive health to locate guidelines, protocols, consensus statements and practice recommendations on sexual reproductive health services (SRH) during COVID-19 pandemics. Additionally, we searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar. We included English records labelled guideline, or recommendation, or consensus, or practice parameter, or position papers on contraception and safe abortion care service practice during the COVID-19 pandemics. Data extraction was done by two independent reviewers using a customized tool that was developed to record the key information of the source that’s relevant to the review question. The difference between the two authors on data extraction was resolved by discussion.Results: Eleven records on safe abortion care and nine records on contraception service were identified. Identified recommendations were categorized into thematic areas. The records addressed approaches to the safe medication and surgical abortion, self-serving family planning and long term and reversible contraception. We haven’t employed any of the quality assessment tools as the pandemic is new clinical entity and evidences are based on expert opinion and limited clinical evidence.Conclusions: Consensus statements and recommendations consistently stated that there should be access to contraception service and safe abortion care during the COVID-19 pandemics with the concerted effort of service re-organization. The practice recommendations focus on innovative ways of service provision to minimize patient and staff exposure to COVID-19 as well as alleviate the burden on the health care system. These include utilizing telemedicine or digital health and community/home-based care or self-care.
Network theoretic analysis of JAK/STAT pathway and extrapolation to drugs and viruses including COVID-19
Authors: Banerjee Arindam , Goswami Rudra Prosad , Chatterjee Moumita 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Whenever some phenomenon can be represented as a graph or a network it seems pertinent to explore how much the mathematical properties of that network impact the phenomenon. In this study we explore the same philosophy in the context of immunology. Our objective was to assess the correlation of “size” (number of edges and minimum vertex cover) of the JAK/STAT network with treatment effect in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), phenotype of viral infection and effect of immunosuppressive agents on a system infected with the coronavirus. We extracted the JAK/STAT pathway from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG, hsa04630). The effects of the following drugs, and their combinations, commonly used in RA were tested: methotrexate, prednisolone, rituximab, tocilizumab, tofacitinib and baricitinib. Following viral systems were also tested for their ability to evade the JAK/STAT pathway: Measles, Influenza A, West Nile virus, Japanese B virus, Yellow Fever virus, respiratory syncytial virus, Kaposi’s sarcoma virus, Hepatitis B and C virus, cytomegalovirus, Hendra and Nipah virus and Coronavirus. Good correlation of edges and minimum vertex cover with clinical efficacy were observed (for edge, rho= -0.815, R2= 0.676, p=0.007, for vertex cover rho= -0.793, R2= 0.635, p=0.011). In the viral systems both edges and vertex cover were associated with acuteness of viral infections. In the JAK/STAT system already infected with coronavirus, maximum reduction in size was achieved with baricitinib. To conclude, algebraic and combinatorial invariant of a network may explain its biological behaviour. At least theoretically, baricitinib may be an attractive target for treatment of coronavirus infection.
Temporal radiographic changes in COVID-19 patients: relationship to disease severity and viral clearance
Authors: Liu Xiaofan , Zhou Hong , Zhou Yilu , Wu Xiaojun , Zhao Yang , Lu Yang , Tan Weijun , Yuan Mingli , Ding Xuhong , Zou Jinjing , Li Ruiyun , Liu Hailing , Ewing Rob M. , Hu Yi , Nie Hanxiang , Wang Yihua 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is “public enemy number one” and has placed an enormous burden on health authorities across the world. Given the wide clinical spectrum of COVID-19, understanding the factors that can predict disease severity will be essential since this will help frontline clinical staff to stratify patients with increased confidence.Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic value of the temporal radiographic changes, and the relationship to disease severity and viral clearance in COVID-19 patients.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included 99 patients admitted to the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, with laboratory confirmed moderate or severe COVID-19. Temporal radiographic changes and viral clearance were explored using appropriate statistical methods.Results: Radiographic features from HRCT scans included ground-glass opacity, consolidation, air bronchogram, nodular opacities and pleural effusion. The HRCT scores (peak) during disease course in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia (median: 24.5) were higher compared to those with pneumonia (median: 10) (p=3.56×10-12), with more frequency of consolidation (p=0.025) and air bronchogram (p=7.50×10-6). The median values of days when the peak HRCT scores were reached in pneumonia or severe pneumonia patients were 12 vs. 14, respectively (p=0.048). Log-rank test and Spearman's Rank-Order correlation suggested temporal radiographic changes as a valuable predictor for viral clearance. In addition, follow up CT scans from 11 pneumonia patients showed full recovery.Conclusion: Given the values of HRCT scores for both disease severity and viral clearance, a standardised HRCT score system for COVID-19 is highly demanded.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Acrobeloides saeedi Siddiqi, De Ley and Khan, 1992 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from India and comments on its status
Authors: Rana Aasha , Bhat Aashaq Hussain , Bhargava Suman , Chaubey Ashok Kumar , Abolafia Joaquín 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Two cultured populations of Acrobeloides saeedi are described from India. Morphologically and morphometrically this material agrees with other species of the Maximus-group (A. bodenheimeri, A. longiuterus, and A. maximus), especially with A. longiuterus. However, molecular studies based on 18 S, 28 S and ITS rDNA confirmed the Indian material is well differentiated from all of these species. According to this, A. saeedi is considered a valid taxon distinguished mainly from A. bodenheimeri by having dextral female reproductive system (vs sinistral), from A. longiuterus by having larger females (1.03-1.57 vs 0.57-0.88 mm) and from A. maximus by having seta-like labial processes (vs absent) and males as frequent as females (vs males very infrequent). Molecular and phylogenetic studies revealed the present specimens to be conspecific to undescribed Acrobeloides sp. population from Iran, and hence, both regarded to be conspecific to each other. In addition, other similar species are revised: Acrobeloides ishraqi is considered new junior synonym of A. saeedi, Acrobeloides mushtaqi is considered new junior synonym of A. bodenheimeri, while Acrobeloides gossypia is also considered junior synonym of A. saeedi.
Evolusi Biologis dan Ancaman Kepunahan Manusia: Mempertemukan George L. Murphy dengan Film-Trilogi Planet of The Apes tentang Isu-Isu Kosmologi, Evolusi, dan Bioteknologi
Authors: Arulangi Ronald 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article discusses George L. Murphy’s argument that the development of science and technology in the early 21st Century challenges the relevance of core religious theories including theology of nature, theidea of the loving God, and humanitarian ethics. He proposes a theology of the Cross of Jesus Christ as a lens for responding to that challenge. Here Murphy’s theological perspective is put in dialogue with a perspective that departs from the trilogy films: “Rise of the Planet of the Apes”, “Dawn of the Planet of the Apes”, and “War for the Planet of Apes.” Employing Revised Correlational method, this article suggests a more optimistictheological reflection concerning cosmology, evolution, biotechnology, the future of humankind, and harmony.
AbstrakArtikel ini membahas argumen George L. Murphy yang menilai perkembangan sains dan teknologi di awal abad ke-21 menggugat relevansi dari teori-teori keagamaan yang inti, termasuk teologi tentang alam, gagasan tentang Tuhan yang pengasih, dan etika humanitarian. Murphy mengusulkan persepektif teologi Salib Yesus Kristus sebagai lensa untuk merespon gugatan tersebut. Dalam artikel ini, pandangan Murphy didialogkandengan pandangan yang ditarik dari trilogy film “Rise of the Planet of the Apes”, “Dawn of the Planet of the Apes”, dan “War for the Planet of Apes”. Menggunakan metode Korelasional yang Diperbarui, studi ini menghasilkan refleksi etis-teologis yang optimisik tentang kosmologi, evolusi, bioteknologi, masa depanmanusia, dan harmoni.
Resensi Buku: Liquid Ecclesiology—The Gospel and The Church
Authors: Hutabarat Haleluya Timbo 
Published: April 2020

Abstrak
Latar belakang masalah buku ini adalah fenomena gereja yang kaku. Menggunakan metode etnography, buku ini merupakan sebuah bahan diskusi yang menarik tentang gereja, anak muda dan budayanya. Penulis menghubungkan budaya (populer), anak muda, dengan narasi Injil untuk menghasilkan apa itu gereja. Ia menawarkan eklesiologi gereja yang lebih cair, adaptif dan responsif terhadap akar-akar budaya sehari-hari yang dihidupi. Bagian-bagian setelahnya berisi diskusi tentang bentuk-bentuk praktis yang sangat memungkinkan dari konsep gereja yang cair. Akhirnya, anjuran sikap mental dan spiritual agar sebuah gereja tetap cair dan freshbagi komunitas di dalam dan di sekitarnya adalah keterbukaan. Buku memperkaya diskusi di ranah eklesiologi, liturgi, pembangunan jemaat, pastoral, budaya populer, dan intergenerasional.

Abstract
Rationale background of this book is the solid phenomenon of church. Using ethnography methods, this book is an interesting discussion about the church, young people and its culture. The author associate (popular) culture, young people, with gospel narratives to produce what the church is. He offers a more fluid, adaptive and responsive ecclesiology as the roots of everyday culture of church that is lived. This study also recommends the very practical forms of a liquid church. The final suggestion as a mental and spiritual attitude so that church remains liquid and fresh, is openness. This book shares a rich discourse in the field of ecclesiology, liturgy, church building, pastoral, popular culture, and intergenerational culture.
Variable Screening for Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy Data Based on Ridge Partial Least Squares Regression
Authors: Zhao Naifei , Xu Qingsong , Tang Man-lai , Wang Hong 
Published: April 2020

Aim and Objective:
Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy data are featured by few dozen to
many thousands of samples and highly correlated variables. Quantitative analysis of such data usually
requires a combination of analytical methods with variable selection or screening methods.
Commonly-used variable screening methods fail to recover the true model when (i) some of the
variables are highly correlated, and (ii) the sample size is less than the number of relevant variables.
In these cases, Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression based approaches can be useful alternatives.

Materials and Methods :
In this research, a fast variable screening strategy, namely the
preconditioned screening for ridge partial least squares regression (PSRPLS), is proposed for
modelling NIR spectroscopy data with high-dimensional and highly correlated covariates. Under
rather mild assumptions, we prove that using Puffer transformation, the proposed approach
successfully transforms the problem of variable screening with highly correlated predictor
variables to that of weakly correlated covariates with less extra computational effort.

Results:
We show that our proposed method leads to theoretically consistent model selection
results. Four simulation studies and two real examples are then analyzed to illustrate the
effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Conclusion:
By introducing Puffer transformation, high correlation problem can be mitigated
using the PSRPLS procedure we construct. By employing RPLS regression to our approach, it can
be made more simple and computational efficient to cope with the situation where model size is
larger than the sample size while maintaining a high precision prediction.
Drug Delivery Polymer Systems for Ophthalmic Administration of Anti- Viral Agents
Authors: Sarimsakov Abdushkur , Shukurov Akobirkhon , Yunusov Khaydar , Rashidova Sayora , Letfullin Renat 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Ophthalmology applies many different ways of delivering effective drugs to
eye tissue for the prevention and treatment of diseases of various etiologies. The vast majority of ophthalmologists
use traditional instillation of drugs in an eye disease. However, this method has a number
of drawbacks, in particular, during instillation of drip forms of drugs, up to 80% of the drug is lost due
to withdrawal of its tear fluid and rapid absorption by the mucous membrane of the eyes, which necessitates
their frequent instillation to maintain the therapeutic concentration in the eyeball.

Objective:
The use of polymeric forms of bio soluble antiviral eye medicinal films of prolonged form
in ophthalmic practice would allow introducing the active substance less often while maintaining its
therapeutic concentration, reducing the dosage of the drug and the negative effect of frequent instillation.

Methods:
A method of obtaining polymeric forms of bio soluble nanostructured ophthalmic medicinal
films is based on a composition of water-soluble Na-carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) with a degree
of substitution of 0.85 ± 2 and a polymerization degree of 630 ± 20 and a derivative of Nacarboxymethylcellulose
containing a chemically bound natural polyphenol-gossypol in an amount of
polymerization-630 ± 20 and a derivative of Na-carboxymethylcellulose containing chemically bound
natural polyphenol-gossypol in an amount of 0 mole% (sodium salt of 2,3-diethoxy – 6 – O – carboxymethyl-
(1 → 4) –β – D – ox glucose – oxy-hydroxyl – 2 – ethyl– (1 → 4) –β – D – ox glucose –
diethyl hydroxyl-poly –2 – O – carboxymethyl- (1 → 4) - β - D glucose –2.6 - O –dicarboxymethyl- (1
→ 4) –β – D glucose); this is the substance of the antiviral drug “CelAgrip”.

Result:
In this work the possibility of regulating the bio scission time and physicochemical parameters
of ocular medicinal films has been shown, by varying the degree of substitution and degree of polymerization
of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the pH of their aqueous solutions.

Conclusion:
The most promising in terms of the prolongation effect and the absence of an irritating
effect and transparency are films, obtained from solutions of the polymer-polymer composition of Na-
CMC - a “CelAgrip” substance of a spherical shape with embedded nanoparticles of size 14-52 nm and
a pH value of 7.6.
Temporal Trends in the Epidemiology of HIV in Turkey
Authors: Erdinc F.S. , Dokuzoguz B. , Unal S. , Komur S. , Inkaya A.C. , Inan D. , Karaoglan I. , Deveci A. , Celen M.K. , Kose S. , Erben N. , Senturk G.C. , Heper Y. , Kutlu S.S. , Hatipoglu C.A. , Sumer S. , Kandemir B. , Sirmatel F. , Bayindir Y. , Yilmaz E. , Ersoy Y. , Kazak E. , Yildirmak M.T. , Kayaaslan B. , Ozden K. , Sener A. , Kara A. , Gunal O. , Birengel S. , Akbulut A. , Yetkin F. , Cuvalci N.O. , Sargin F. , Pullukcu H. , Gökengin D. , Multicentric HIV Study Group  
Published: April 2020

Objective:
The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trends of HIV epidemiology in
Turkey from 2011 to 2016.

Method:
Thirty-four teams from 28 centers at 17 different cities participated in this retrospective study.
Participating centers were asked to complete a structured form containing questions about epidemiologic,
demographic and clinical characteristics of patients presented with new HIV diagnosis between 2011 and
2016. Demographic data from all centers (complete or partial) were included in the analyses. For the cascade
of care analysis, 15 centers that provided full data from 2011 to 2016 were included. Overall and annual
distributions of the data were calculated as percentages and the Chi square test was used to determine
temporal changes.

Results:
A total of 2,953 patients between 2011 and 2016 were included. Overall male to female ratio was
5:1 with a significant increase in the number of male cases from 2011 to 2016 (p<0.001). The highest
prevalence was among those aged 25-34 years followed by the 35-44 age bracket. The most common reason
for HIV testing was illness (35%). While the frequency of sex among men who have sex with men increased
from 16% to 30.6% (p<0.001) over the study period, heterosexual intercourse (53%) was found to
be the most common transmission route. Overall, 29% of the cases presented with a CD4 count of >500
cells/mm3 while 46.7% presented with a CD4 T cell count of <350 cells/mm3. Among newly diagnosed
cases, 79% were retained in care, and all such cases initiated ART with 73% achieving viral suppression
after six months of antiretroviral therapy.

Conclusion:
The epidemiologic profile of HIV infected individuals is changing rapidly in Turkey with an
increasing trend in the number of newly diagnosed people disclosing themselves as MSM. New diagnoses
were mostly at a young age. The late diagnosis was found to be a challenging issue. Despite the unavailability
of data for the first 90, Turkey is close to the last two steps of 90-90-90 targets.
Bayesian Game Approach to Mitigate DoS Attack in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
Authors: Anandaraj Ilavendhan , Krishnamurthy Saruladha 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Trustful message transmission within the Vehicular ad-hoc Networks is
needed as traffic related safety applications needs successful and reliable delivery of messages. The
biggest issue is how only the trustworthy parties can be retained and the misbehaved are revoked.
From the background analysis, it gives a detailed view of various vulnerabilities in these networks
and the techniques used by the researchers to identify and mitigate the attack. Based on the drawbacks
observed in the literature the proposed Bayesian Game Mechanism has been designed.

Objective:
The major objective of this manuscript is to identify the Denial of Service Attack in Vehicular
Ad-hoc Networks as it depletes availability of the resources. This attack is identified using
Bayesian Game approach.

Methods:
The Bayesian game approach is used to identify the attack. It analyzes the behavior of
vehicles and classifies them into trustworthy or malicious.

Results:
The simulation is conducted using Network simulator 2.34 and the traffic model is designed
using by considering 100 nodes. From the results it is inferred that Packet drop ratio has been
improved by 9.82 % and the delay and throughput has been minimized, when the proposed mechanism
is used in the presence of attackers.

Conclusion:
This paper identifies Denial of Service attack as the most vulnerable attack in this network
and has designed game theoretic approach namely Bayesian approach for preventing this attack.
The proposed method has minimized the delay and packet drop and improved the throughput
when compared against the bench mark.
Association of Tooth Bleaching and Microabrasion as a Resolution of Intrinsic Staining by Fluorosis: A Case Report
Authors: Gonçalves Iana M.C. , Garcia Raíssa M. , de Souza Amanda G.C. , Secchieri Daniel M. , Cardelli Laís , Martins Luis R.M. , Lima Débora A.N.L. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Different treatment protocols for teeth affected by fluorosis have been applied.
Among them, microabrasion associated with tooth bleaching has presented satisfactory results
in the treatment of intrinsic and/or extrinsic staining.

Case Presentation:
A 22-year-old female patient attended the Dental Clinic of FOP/UNICAMP, reporting
dissatisfaction with her smile due to the presence of white striations contrasting with the yellowish
hue of the other teeth. Initially, the adequacy of the oral environment was performed by supragingival
scraping and prophylaxis. Due to the characteristics of the staining, fluorosis TF3, the
treatment plan consisted of teeth whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP, AutoMixx
35% FGM) and microabrasion (Whiteness RM, FGM).

Conclusion:
The association of tooth bleaching and microabrasion techniques provided the harmonization
of the smile and resolution of the clinical case of the main complaint.