bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of the ThermoCool SmartTouch SurroundFlow catheter for atrial fibrillation ablation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Chao‐Feng , Gao Xiao‐Fei , Liu Mei‐Jun , Jin Chao‐Lun , Xu Yi‐Zhou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe ThermoCool Smarttouch Surroundflow catheter (STSFc) is an advanced catheter, which integrating contact force sensing and surroundflow technology. However, comparative data between STSFc and contact force sensing catheter (Thermocool SmartTouch catheter [STc]) are limited.HypothesisWe thought that STSFc might bring more clinical benefits. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to compare the safety and efficiency between the STSFc and the STc for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsThe Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies comparing STSFc and STc.ResultsFour trials involving 727 patients were included in the study. Pool‐analyses demonstrated that, as compared STc ablation, STSFc ablation was more beneficial in terms of procedural times (standard mean difference [SMD]: −0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.37 to −0.07, P = .005) and irrigation fluid volume (SMD: −1.94; 95% CI, −2.65 to −1.22, P < .0001). There was no significant difference between STSFc and STc (risk ratio [RR]: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.21, P = .79) for free from AF. Evidence of complications were low and similar for both groups (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.19‐3.55, P = .80). Additionally, patients administered STSFc ablation tended to have shorter fluoroscopic times (SMD: −0.20; 95% CI, −0.63‐0.23, P = .21).ConclusionsSTSFc ablation was associated with reducing procedural times and irrigation fluid volume. Further, STSFc ablation tended to shorten fluoroscopic times. Therefore, STSFc ablation would be a better choice for AF patients especially in patients with heart failure.
New Challenges in Drug Discovery – July 8–11, 2019, Vitoria‐Gasteiz, Spain
Authors: Alonso Concepción , de los Santos Jesús M. , Palacios Francisco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe 2019 edition “New Challenges in Drug Discovery”, one of the biennial meetings under the patronage of the SEQT and EFMC, was held at the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of the Basque Country in Vitoria‐Gasteiz from July 8 to 11, 2019. On this occasion, attendees from Spain as well as from five EU countries and three non‐EU countries were spectators of many scientific highlights related with the main research areas for different diseases and with protein−protein interactions, analytical tools and methods in discovery and development of drugs and computer‐assisted methods in medicinal chemistry. The interesting scientific program was also complemented by an entertaining social program: a gastronomic opening ceremony held at the Museum of Fine Arts of Alava, visits to the Medieval Old City of Gasteiz and a gala dinner in a typical restaurant nestled in a building from the XVth Century.
Pseudoglandular schwannoma mimicking alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: A diagnostic challenge on fine‐needle cytology
Authors: Yaprak Bayrak Büşra , Vural Çiğdem , Paksoy Nadir 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPseudoglandular schwannoma (PGS) is a rare morphological variant of benign schwannoma. PGS is quite distinct from the somewhat better characterized glandular schwannoma variant. PGS is characterized by the presence of gland‐like structures lined with pseudocolumnar or cuboidal‐like neoplastic Schwann cells lining variably sized cystic space cells. Herein, we describe a rare case of PGS in a 17‐year‐old adolescent boy with a neck mass 8.5 cm in diameter present for 2 years with a recent increase in size. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) demonstrated abundant rhabdoid‐like cuboidal cells, plasmacytoid cells, binucleation, clusters of round to oval cells with scant cytoplasm, and a lack of stromal cells with spindle or oval nuclei. These findings were challenging and were reminiscent of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma on FNA. Magnetic resonance imaging was also suggestive of malignancy. However, the histologic picture and the immunohistochemical analysis of the resected mass were consisted with PGS. The numerous rhabdoid‐like cuboidal neoplastic Schwann cells with a plasmacytoid appearance, paving cystic spaces, and the lack of blunt‐ended proliferating stromal cells on smears mimicked alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma on FNA. To our knowledge, cytological features of PGS have not been previously reported. This is the first published report of an unusual PGS case located in the neck region causing a diagnostic dilemma on cytology.
Irisin increases the expression of anorexigenic and neurotrophic genes in mouse brain
Authors: Natalicchio Annalisa , Marrano Nicola , Biondi Giuseppina , Dipaola Lucia , Spagnuolo Rosaria , Cignarelli Angelo , Perrini Sebastio , Laviola Luigi , Giorgino Francesco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIrisin, a newly discovered muscle‐derived hormone, acts in different organs and tissues, improving energy homeostasis. In this study, we assessed, for the first time, the effects of intraperitoneal irisin injections on circulating levels of leptin and ghrelin, mRNA expression of the major hypothalamic appetite regulators and brain neurotrophic factors, as well as feeding behaviour in healthy mice.MethodsTwelve male 6‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice were randomized into two groups and intraperitoneally injected daily with irisin (0.5 μg/g body weight) or vehicle (phosphate‐buffered saline [PBS]) for 14 days. On the last day of observation, leptin and ghrelin levels were measured with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). mRNA levels of genes of interest were analysed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in brain extracts.ResultsIrisin administration did not change leptin or ghrelin serum concentrations. However, irisin injection increased CART, POMC, NPY, and BDNF mRNA levels, without affecting the mRNA expression of AgRP, orexin, PMCH, and UCP2. Finally, over the time frame of irisin treatment, body weight and feeding behaviour were unaltered.ConclusionsThese results suggest that intraperitoneal injection of irisin, although without effects on feeding behaviour and body weight, can increase the expression of anorexigenic and neurotrophic genes in mouse brain.
Down syndrome as a genetic model to evaluate the role of oxidative stress and transsulfuration abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder: A 10‐year longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Geier David A. , Kern Janet K. , Geier Mark R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which evidence reveals oxidative stress and transsulfuration pathway abnormalities. Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder characterized by similar oxidative stress and transsulfuration pathway abnormalities. This hypothesis‐testing longitudinal cohort study determined whether transsulfuration abnormalities and oxidative stress are important susceptibility factors in ASD etiology by evaluating the rate of ASD diagnoses in DS as compared to the general population. The Independent Healthcare Research Database was analyzed for healthcare records prospectively generated in Florida Medicaid. A cohort of 101,736 persons (born: 1990–1999) with ≥10 outpatient office visits and continuously followed for 120 months after birth was examined. There were 942 children in the DS cohort (ICD‐9 code: 758.0) and 100,749 children in the undiagnosed cohort (no DS diagnosis). ASD diagnoses were defined as autistic disorder (ICD‐9 code: 299.00) or Asperger's disorder/pervasive developmental disorder—not otherwise specified (ICD‐9 code: 299.80). ASDs were diagnosed in 5.31% of the DS cohort and 1.34% of the undiagnosed cohort. The risk ratio of being diagnosed with an ASD in the DS cohort as compared to the undiagnosed cohort was 3.97‐fold significantly increased with a risk difference of 3.97%. Among children diagnosed with DS, less than 6% were also diagnosed with an ASD. Among children diagnosed with an ASD, less than 5% were also diagnosed with DS. Children diagnosed with DS are apparently more susceptible to ASD diagnosis relative to the general population suggesting oxidative stress and transsulfuration pathway abnormalities are important susceptibility factors in ASD.
Use of social networking sites and desire for slimness among 10‐year‐old girls and boys: A population‐based birth cohort study
Authors: Sugimoto Noriko , Nishida Atsushi , Ando Shuntaro , Usami Satoshi , Toriyama Rie , Morimoto Yuko , Koike Shinsuke , Yamasaki Syudo , Kanata Sho , Fujikawa Shinya , Furukawa Toshiaki A. , Sasaki Tsukasa , Hiraiwa‐Hasegawa Mariko , Kasai Kiyoto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveDesire for slimness (DS) is a well‐established risk factor for eating disorders among adolescents, particularly girls. It is known that exposure to traditional media such as television can increase DS. However, the association between DS and the use of new media, such as social networking sites (SNS), adjusting for relevant potential confounders, has not been examined to‐date. In this study, we assessed the relationship between DS and SNS use among early adolescent girls and boys, adjusting for body mass index (BMI), time spent watching television, and Internet use.MethodDS, SNS use, and confounding variables were assessed using self‐report questionnaires and face‐to‐face interviews from a cross‐sectional population‐based survey of 4,478 10‐year‐old Japanese adolescents (2,100 girls and 2,378 boys).ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding variables, SNS use was associated with increased risk of DS among girls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–3.18, p = .010), but not among boys (OR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.64–1.80, p = .786).DiscussionExposure to SNS was associated with an increased risk of DS among early adolescents, especially girls. Targeting SNS use in early adolescence seems a promising approach to prevention of DS and subsequent eating problems, particularly among girls.
Strong phenotypic divergence in spite of low genetic structure in the endemic Mangrove Warbler subspecies (Setophaga petechia xanthotera) of Costa Rica
Authors: Chavarria‐Pizarro Tania , Gomez Juan Pablo , Ungvari‐Martin Judit , Bay Rachael , Miyamoto Michael M. , Kimball Rebecca 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite the enormous advances in genetics, links between phenotypes and genotypes have been made for only a few nonmodel organisms. However, such links can be essential to understand mechanisms of ecological speciation. The Costa Rican endemic Mangrove Warbler subspecies provides an excellent subject to study differentiation with gene flow, as it is distributed along a strong precipitation gradient on the Pacific coast with no strong geographic barriers to isolate populations. Mangrove Warbler populations could be subject to divergent selection driven by precipitation, which influences soil salinity levels, which in turn influences forest structure and food resources. We used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and morphological traits to examine the balance between neutral genetic and phenotypic divergence to determine whether selection has acted on traits and genes with functions related to specific environmental variables. We present evidence showing: (a) associations between environmental variables and SNPs, identifying candidate genes related to bill morphology (BMP) and osmoregulation, (b) absence of population genetic structure in neutrally evolving markers, (c) divergence in bill size across the precipitation gradient, and (d) strong phenotypic differentiation (PST) which largely exceeds neutral genetic differentiation (FST) in bill size. Our results indicate an important role for salinity, forest structure, and resource availability in maintaining phenotypic divergence of Mangrove Warblers through natural selection. Our findings add to the growing body of literature identifying the processes involved in phenotypic differentiation along environmental gradients in the face of gene flow.
Determination of priority areas and principal environmental factors for water ecosystem health remediation
Authors: Zhao Changsen , Pan Xu , Xiang Hua , Yang Shengtian , Zhao Jin , Gan Xinjuan , Dong Baoen , Ding Suyuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGlobally, the deterioration of aquatic ecosystems has attracted wide concentrations of scholars and governments, and how to wisely remediate the damaged ecosystem is a hot issue. Determination of prior areas is critical for ecosystem remediation. However, there are very few systematically feasible methods available for comprehensively addressing the issue, and consequently, the benefits of water ecosystem remediation projects are reduced. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework for determining priority areas based on phytoplankton response to environmental factors. Phytoplankton constitute the main component of global aquatic biomes and water blooms. The effects of water ecosystem remediation projects are highly related to phytoplankton. First, we identified the dominant species of phytoplankton using a dominance accumulation model. Then, we determined the main environmental factors of phytoplankton using detrended correspondence analysis and canonical correspondence analysis. Afterwards, we calculated the adaptability of a single species to all principal environmental factors and the responsiveness of all dominant species to a single environmental factor using methods of integrated habitat suitability index and multispecies‐based habitat suitability index. On the basis of these results, we finally developed a new model of the suitability of aquatic biomes to habitat factors (IHSIA) whereby to determine the priority areas and the principal environmental factors by time–space coupling analysis. We applied the method to Jinan, a pilot city for the construction of a civilized ecological city in China. The results indicated that waters in urban areas are priority areas for remediation; principal environmental factors in both the whole study area and the priority areas for phytoplankton are NH3‐N, water temperature, total phosphorus, and dissolved oxygen where the NH3‐N is the most urgent environmental factor to be remediated in the study area. Reducing the concentration of NH3‐N can facilitate phytoplankton biome remediation. We found that dominant phytoplankton species can reflect the actual status of phytoplankton populations and can provide important reference data for global aquatic life research; space–time scale is an important factor in selecting principal environmental factors; limiting environmental factors that are poorly adaptable to dominant species could help provide a new path for water bloom prevention; the newly proposed model IHSIA can make the ecological environment remediation more objective. These results can help water managers reduce the scale of phytoplankton biomes by adjusting the environmental factors. The presented framework can provide new ways for water bloom prevention and can serve as the theoretical and scientific basis for the high success rate of water ecosystem restoration projects across the world.
MOF‐Derived Spinel NiCo2O4 Hollow Nanocages for the Construction of Non‐enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor
Authors: Feng Yun , Xiang Dong , Qiu Yaru , Li Li , Li Yusheng , Wu Keyan , Zhu Liande 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNon‐enzymatic glucose sensor is greatly expected to take over its enzymatic counterpart in the future. In this paper, we reported on a facile strategy to construct a non‐enzymatic glucose sensor by use of NiCo2O4 hollow nanocages (NiCo2O4 HNCs) as catalyst, which was derived from Co‐based zeolite imidazole frame (ZIF‐67). The NiCo2O4 HNCs modified glassy carbon electrode (NiCo2O4 HNCs/GCE), the key component of the glucose sensor, showed highly electrochemical catalytic activity towards the oxidation of glucose in alkaline media. As a result, the proposed non‐enzymatic glucose sensor afforded excellent analytical performances assessed with the aid of cyclic voltammetry and amperometry (i–t). A wide linear range spanning from 0.18 μΜ to 5.1 mM was achieved at the NiCo2O4 HNCs/GCE with a high sensitivity of 1306 μA mM−1 cm−2 and a fast response time of 1 s. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor was as low as 27 nM (S/N=3). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the non‐enzymatic glucose sensor showed considerable anti‐interference ability and excellent stability. The practical application of the sensor was also evaluated by determination of glucose levels in real serum samples.
Nonsymmetrical loading protocols for shear links in eccentrically braced frames
Authors: Al‐Janabi Musab Aied Qissab , Topkaya Cem 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings (AISC 341‐16) provide a testing protocol for qualification of link‐to‐column connections in eccentrically braced frames (EBFs). This symmetrical testing protocol was developed by conducting nonlinear time history analysis on representative EBFs designed according to the International Building Code. Although the testing protocol is intended for qualification of link‐to‐column connections, many research programs have employed this recommended protocol for testing of shear links. Recent numerical investigations on constructed EBFs and archetype models showed that links can be subjected to one‐sided loadings with significantly higher link rotation angles than the codified limits. A numerical study has been undertaken to develop nonsymmetrical loading protocols for shear links in EBFs. Pursuant to this goal, 20 EBF archetypes were designed according to the ASCE7‐16 standard. The main parameters investigated were the link length to bay width ratio (e/L), number of stories, type of EBF, and the ground motion level. The archetypes were subjected to maximum considered earthquake and collapse level earthquake as recommended by FEMA P695. The results showed that the history of link rotation is single sided and depends strongly on e/L and the level of ground motion. Nonsymmetrical loading protocols that depend on the aforementioned variables were developed and are presented herein.
Microglia and sexual differentiation of the developing brain: A focus on ontogeny and intrinsic factors
Authors: Bordt Evan A. , Ceasrine Alexis M. , Bilbo Staci D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSexual differentiation of the brain during early development likely underlies the strong sex biases prevalent in many neurological conditions. Mounting evidence indicates that microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, are intricately involved in these sex‐specific processes of differentiation. In this review, we synthesize literature demonstrating sex differences in microglial number, morphology, transcriptional state, and functionality throughout spatiotemporal development as well as highlight current literature regarding ontogeny of microglia. Along with vanRyzin et al. in this issue, we explore the idea that differences in microglia imparted by chromosomal or ontogeny‐related programming can influence microglial‐driven sexual differentiation of the brain, as well as the idea that extrinsic differences in the male and female brain microenvironment may in turn impart sex differences in microglia.
Dose‐dependent cytotoxicity induced by pristine graphene oxide nanosheets for potential bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Zhang Xiliu , Wei Changbo , Li Yiming , Li Ye , Chen Guanhui , He Yi , Yi Chen , Wang Chao , Yu Dongsheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study was aimed to investigate the toxic effects of pristine graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets on bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), a type of traditional seed cells in tissue regeneration engineering. First, a GO suspension was prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman shifts. Then, rat BMSCs were isolated and characterized. Subsequently, cell proliferation, membrane integrity, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. In addition, relevant proteins of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and autophagy were analyzed. Our results showed that a high concentration of GO inhibited cell viability and membrane integrity, while cell apoptosis and cell‐cycle arrest were induced by GO. Further, GO significantly increased ROS generation and MMP loss with an upregulation of Cleaved Caspase‐3, LC3‐II/I, and Beclin‐1 and a downregulation of Bcl‐2 and Caspase3. We concluded that the toxic effects of GO on BMSCs occurred in a dose‐dependent manner via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and autophagy.
Sclerostin Antibody Treatment Increases Bone Mass and Normalizes Circulating Phosphate Levels in Growing Hyp Mice
Authors: Carpenter Kelsey A , Ross Ryan D 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the phosphate regulating gene with homology to endopeptidase located on the X chromosome (PHEX), is the most common form of vitamin D-resistant rickets. Loss of functional PHEX results in elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels, impaired phosphate reabsorption, and inhibited skeletal mineralization. Sclerostin, a protein produced primarily in osteocytes, suppresses bone formation by antagonizing Wnt signaling and is reported to be elevated in XLH patients. This study used the Hyp mouse model to investigate sclerostin's role in the pathophysiology of XLH by evaluating the use of a monoclonal antibody to sclerostin in a mouse model of XLH, the Hyp mouse. Male and female wild-type and Hyp littermates were injected with 25 mg/kg of vehicle or sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) twice weekly, beginning at 4 weeks of age and euthanized at 8 weeks of age. Scl-Ab treatment increased serum phosphate levels and suppressed circulating levels of intact FGF23 in treated wild-type and Hyp mice of both sexes. Cortical area, trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), metaphyseal apparent density, and the peak load increased with Scl-Ab treatment in both sexes. This short-term treatment study suggests that Scl-Ab treatment can effectively improve some of the pathologies associated with XLH, including normalization of phosphate, and that sclerostin may play a role in regulating FGF23 and phosphate metabolism in XLH. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Isolated low levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and stroke incidence: JMS Cohort Study
Authors: Watanabe Jun , Kakehi Eiichi , Kotani Kazuhiko , Kayaba Kazunori , Nakamura Yosikazu , Ishikawa Shizukiyo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe cardiovascular relevance of isolated low levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) is yet to be determined. Stroke often leads to long‐term disability, and thus, not only stroke mortality but also stroke incidence is a topic of research. Although isolated low HDL‐C level has been found to be a predictor for stroke mortality previously, whether it can predict stroke incidence is unknown.MethodsIn the Jichi Medical School cohort study, 11 025 community‐living residents without a history of stroke were examined. Hazard ratios (HRs) for isolated and non‐isolated low HDL‐C levels were calculated relative to those for normal HDL‐C levels in stroke patients using Cox's regression models.ResultsDuring the mean follow‐up period of 10.7 years, 412 residents had their first‐ever stroke. The multivariable‐adjusted HRs for the levels of isolated and non‐isolated low HDL‐C were 1.11 (95% confidence interval, 0.85‐1.44) and 1.35 (1.01‐1.81), respectively, when compared to that for normal HDL‐C.ConclusionLow HDL‐C levels with other dyslipidemias may contribute to the incidence of stroke, not isolated low HDL‐C.