bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Different Immunoresistance Risk Profiles Among Experienced Aesthetic Botulinum Neurotoxin A Recipients: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Tseng Fang‐Wen , Vachiramon Vasanop , Gold Michael H. , Pavicic Tatjana , Tay Clifton M. , Toh Gerard W. , Tan Diana M. K. , Park Je‐Young 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundImmunoresistance to botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) due to neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can lead to partial or complete secondary nonresponse (SNR), potentially limiting individuals' aesthetic and/or medical therapeutic options in the short and/or long term. Understanding factors directly or indirectly influencing BoNT‐A immunoresistance risk is crucial.AimsThis analysis explored patterns of latent risk factors (biological and behavioral) that may influence the risk of developing BoNT‐A immunoresistance among experienced aesthetic BoNT‐A recipients.MethodsLatent class analysis (LCA) was applied to survey data from 363 experienced BoNT‐A recipients from six Asia‐Pacific countries to identify distinct subgroups based on their patterns of risk factor or risk proxy variables. The five risk proxy variables used for modeling capture information on BoNT‐A treatments (treatment indications/locations as proxies for dose), symptoms of declining efficacy, number of aesthetic treatments over the past 3 years, and clinic and BoNT‐A formulation switching behaviors. These represent established risk factors and treatment‐seeking behaviors suggested to influence immunoresistance risk.ResultsLCA identified 3 distinct profiles of individuals, which we described based on the observed patterns of risk proxies as: “lower‐risk” (55%), “moderate‐risk” (39%), and “higher‐risk” (6%). Individuals in the “higher‐risk” profile reported higher BoNT‐A exposure, more symptoms of declining efficacy, and distinct patterns of knowledge and attitudes toward BoNT‐A immunoresistance that could account for their treatment‐seeking behaviors.ConclusionsThis study suggests that individual behaviors (the “human factor”) have a notable influence on BoNT‐A immunoresistance risk. Gaining deeper insights into these factors could support more targeted and effective interventions to mitigate risk.
Assessment of Efficacy on the Treatment of Localized Vitiligo With a Combination of 308 nm Excimer Light and 2940 Erbium Laser: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xie Yihui , Shi Weimin , Yin Wenhao , Mei Xingyu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundA 308 nm excimer light is an effective treatment for vitiligo, with fewer treatment times, rapid obvious effects, relatively complete pigment recovery, good patient compliance, and safe and effective treatment for children. The disadvantage of this treatment is that some patients have a plateau during which the skin lesion reduction rate slows down or stalls after multiple treatments.MethodsTreatment data were collected from all vitiligo patients in the Dermatology Department, distinguishing between those who underwent 308 nm excimer light treatment alone and those who received a combination of 308 nm excimer light and 2940 erbium laser treatment.ResultsOf the 104 patients, 60 were treated with 308 nm excimer light only, and 44 were treated with a combination of a 2940 erbium laser and 308 nm excimer light. In contrast to the treatment of 308 nm excimer light alone, the combined treatment of the 2940 erbium laser and 308 nm excimer light significantly increased the speed and degree of repigmentation in vitiligo.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that the combination of 308 nm excimer light and 2940 nm erbium laser treatment can improve the treatment response for vitiligo, decrease the occurrence of treatment plateaus associated with 308 nm excimer light, and improve efficacy.Trial RegistrationChiCTR2000036712 (24/08/2020)
The Role of GLP‐1 Agonists in Esthetic Medicine: Exploring the Impact of Semaglutide on Body Contouring and Skin Health
Authors: Haykal Diala , Hersant Barbara , Cartier Hugues , Meningaud Jean‐Paul 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists, such as semaglutide, have revolutionized the treatment of diabetes and obesity by promoting significant weight loss through incretin effects. However, rapid weight reduction induced by these medications often leads to esthetic challenges, including facial volume loss, skin laxity, and body contour irregularities. This commentary reviews the esthetic consequences of GLP‐1‐induced weight loss and explores solutions for managing these concerns in clinical practice.MethodsThis review synthesizes available literature and clinical observations to identify key esthetic concerns associated with GLP‐1‐induced weight loss. It examines various treatment modalities, including dermal fillers, biostimulatory agents, energy‐based devices, and surgical procedures. The discussion highlights gaps in empirical data, optimal timing for interventions, and the need for personalized, multimodal treatment strategies. Imaging tools and psychological support are also considered as complementary approaches.ConclusionAs GLP‐1 agonists become a cornerstone in obesity management, their esthetic implications necessitate a proactive response from esthetic practitioners. Effective management of facial volume loss, skin laxity, and body contour challenges requires a combination of injectable treatments, energy‐based devices, and, in some cases, surgical interventions. Future research should focus on understanding the molecular mechanisms of skin and fat changes and developing standardized guidelines for treating this unique patient population. Additionally, a holistic approach that addresses both physical and psychological outcomes is critical to ensuring patient satisfaction and long‐term well‐being.
Roles and regulatory patterns of protein isoforms in plant adaptation and development
Authors: Li Yong , Huang Jinling , Li Lin‐Feng , Guo Peng , Wang Yihan , Cushman Samuel A. , Shang Fu‐De 
Published: December 2024

SummaryProtein isoforms (PIs) play pivotal roles in regulating plant growth and development that confer adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. PIs are widely present in plants and generated through alternative splicing (AS), alternative polyadenylation (APA), alternative initiation (AI), and ribosomal frameshifting (RF) events. The widespread presence of PIs not only significantly increases the complexity of genomic information but also greatly enriches regulatory networks and enhances their flexibility. PIs may also play important roles in phenotypic diversity, ecological niche differentiation, and speciation, thereby increasing the dimensions of research in molecular ecology. However, PIs pose new challenges for the quantitative analysis, annotation, and identification of genetic regulatory mechanisms. Thus, focus on PIs make genomic and epigenomic studies both more powerful and more challenging. This review summarizes the origins, functions, regulatory patterns of isoforms, and the challenges they present for future research in molecular ecology and molecular biology.
Pragmatic Comparative Research: Pragmatism as a Philosophy of Science for Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)
Authors: Garcés‐Velástegui Pablo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTQualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is a set‐theoretic approach that enables accounting for causal complexity, incorporating features of qualitative and quantitative methods. Pioneered in sociology, it is increasingly used in comparative research to explain social phenomena in various disciplines. Despite its growing adoption, and because of its eclectic nature, some methodological themes have proven elusive. Its philosophy of science is one such issue. Philosophical pragmatism, which focuses on action, rather than the mind as rationalism or things as empiricism, is proposed to fill this void. Moving beyond the positivist‐interpretivist dichotomy, this paper argues that pragmatism's philosophical wagers support QCA's assumptions and practice. Moreover, pragmatism's implications in terms of practical consequences, provisionality of insights, plurality of method, and public participation provide fertile soil on which QCA‐based inquiry can sow, producing pragmatic comparative research.
ClearDepth: a simple, robust, and low‐cost method to assess root depth in soil
Authors: Ruiz Rosquete Michel , Gonzalez Juan , Wertz Kristen , Gonzalez Natalie , Baez Melissa , Wang Lin , Zhang Ling , Patil Suyash , Funaro Lucas , Busch Wolfgang 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYRoot depth is a major determinant of plant performance during drought and a key trait for strategies to improve soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. While the model Arabidopsis thaliana offers numerous advantages for studies of root system architecture and root depth, its small and fragile roots severely limit the use of the methods and techniques currently available for such studies in soils. To overcome this, we have developed ClearDepth, a conceptually simple, non‐destructive, sensitive, and low‐cost method to estimate the root depth of Arabidopsis in relatively small pots that are amenable to mid‐ and large‐scale studies. In our method, the root system develops naturally inside of the soil, without considerable space constraints. The ClearDepth parameter wall root shallowness (WRS) quantifies the shallowness of the root system by measuring the depth of roots that reach the transparent walls of clear pots. We show that WRS is a robust and sensitive parameter that distinguishes deep root systems from shallower ones while also capturing relatively smaller differences in root depth caused by the influence of an environmental factor. In addition, we leveraged ClearDepth to study the relation between lateral root angles measured in non‐soil systems and root depth in soil. We found that Arabidopsis genotypes characterized by steep lateral roots in transparent growth media produce deeper root systems in the ClearDepth pots. Finally, we show that ClearDepth can also be used to study root depth in crop species like rice.
Phytol‐induced interplant signaling in maize facilitates EXP‐A20‐driven resistance through ACO31‐dependent ethylene accumulation against Ostrinia furnacalis
Authors: Batool Raufa , Umer Muhammad Jawad , Zhang Yongjun , Guo Jingfei , Wang Zhenying 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYPlants have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms against insect herbivores, including cell wall fortification through lignin biosynthesis. Insect attack primes systemic acquired resistance in plants, preparing them to respond more swiftly and vigorously to subsequent insect assaults. Here, we found that Beauveria bassiana‐exposed maize plants can emit phytol upon infestation by Spodoptera frugiperda, inducing plant‐to‐plant (PTP) communication of alert signals for neighboring plants, and revealed the expansin protein EXP‐A20 as a pivotal node mediating maize defense responses in neighboring plants against the destructive pest Ostrinia furnacalis via stimulation of ethylene (ET) synthesis and lignin production. Through virus‐induced gene silencing, we showed that EXP‐A20 is essential for maize resistance, while downregulating ET and lignin pathways. Critically, protein–protein interactions determined via luciferase complementation and yeast two‐hybrid assays demonstrated that EXP‐A20 binds to and likely activates the ET‐forming enzyme gene ACO31 to initiate defense signaling cascades, representing a novel signaling modality for expansins. Treatment with the plant volatile phytol has known insecticidal/priming activity, but we found that its effectiveness requires EXP‐A20. This finding highlights the importance of EXP‐A20 upstream of hormone‐cell wall crosstalk in defense activation by volatiles. Overall, our multifaceted dissection of EXP‐A20 revealed key molecular intersections underlying inducible maize immunity against herbivores. Furthermore, we provide functional evidence that extensive cell growth processes directly stimulate defense programs in plants. Our work opens new avenues for enhancing durable, broad‐spectrum pest resistance in maize through the use of volatile organic compounds and PTP interactions.
Glutathione transferase VvGSTU60 is essential for proanthocyanidin accumulation and cooperates synergistically with MATE in grapes
Authors: Huang Congbo , Zhao Ting , Li Jinhua , Wang Ling , Tang Yujin , Wang Yuejin , Li Yan , Zhang Chaohong 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYProanthocyanidin, synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and stored in vacuoles, is key to grape and wine quality. Glutathione S‐transferase (GST) plays a crucial role in proanthocyanidin accumulation. However, little is known about the mechanisms of GSTs in the process. Here, we found that a TAU‐type GST VvGSTU60 is required for proanthocyanidin accumulation in Vitis vinifera. Gene expression analysis revealed a favorable correlation between the expression pattern of VvGSTU60 and proanthocyanidin accumulation in the seed of V. vinifera. We discovered that the overexpression of VvGSTU60 in grapes resulted in a significant increase in proanthocyanidin content, whereas the opposite effect occurred when VvGSTU60 was interfered with. Biochemical analysis indicates that VvGSTU60 forms homodimers and heterodimers with VvGST1. Interestingly, we also found that VvGSTU60 interacts with VvDTX41B, a MATE transporter protein localized on the tonoplast. Heterologous expression of VvDTX41B in the Arabidopsis tt12 mutant rescues the proanthocyanidin deficiency, and interfering with VvDTX41B expression in grapes remarkably reduces the accumulation of proanthocyanidin. In addition, compared with the VvGSTU60‐OE callus, the content of proanthocyanidin in VvDTX41B‐RNAi + VvGSTU60‐OE callus was significantly decreased but higher than that in VvDTX41B‐RNAi callus. The results suggest that VvGSTU60 and VvDTX41B are coordinated in proanthocyanidin accumulation. These findings offer new insights into the accumulation mechanisms of proanthocyanidin in plants and provide the molecular basis for optimizing grape quality and wine production.
Stable polynomials and admissible numerators in product domains
Authors: Bickel Kelly , Knese Greg , Pascoe James Eldred , Sola Alan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGiven a polynomial with no zeros in the polydisk, or equivalently the poly‐upper half‐plane, we study the problem of determining the ideal of polynomials with the property that the rational function is bounded near a boundary zero of . We give a complete description of this ideal of numerators in the case where the zero set of is smooth and satisfies a nondegeneracy condition. We also give a description of the ideal in terms of an integral closure when has an isolated zero on the distinguished boundary. Constructions of multivariate stable polynomials are presented to illustrate sharpness of our results and necessity of our assumptions.
Scalable Approach for Grafting Qubit Candidates onto the Surface of MOF-808 Framework
Authors: Tomilov A. S. , Yazikova A. A. , Melnikov A. R. , Smirnova K. A. , Poryvaev A. S. , Fedin M. V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The development of quantum bits (qubits) is crucial for the progress of quantum technologies. Among various approaches, the qubits based on paramagnetic centers have decent advantages, including their diversity and possibilities of regular ordering, for example, within the structure of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). In the present work a simple and scalable approach to obtain qubit candidates based on stable organic radical 3-carboxy-proxyl and MOF-808 framework has been demonstrated. Investigation of the obtained compounds with different radical amounts using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) demonstrates the presence of two fractions of radicals, which is supported by simulations. Sufficiently long phase memory time at room temperature for the radicals adsorbed into MOF (0.39 μs), as well as the observed Rabi nutations, allow considering this material as a platform for qubits design. The developed approach is capable of incorporating various amounts of paramagnetic centers into the MOF structure and can be employed to obtain other spin qubit candidates.
Baseline systolic blood pressure and efficacy of dual antiplatelet in acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Cui Yu , Wang Yue , Chen Hui-Sheng 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveSystolic blood pressure (SBP) affects the risk of early neurological deterioration (END). This subgroup analysis of Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Mild to Moderate Ischemic Stroke (ATAMIS) trial aimed to explore whether SBP at admission affected the efficacy of different antiplatelet therapies in preventing END.MethodsBased on the modified intention-to-treat analysis set of the ATAMIS trial, patients were divided into two subgroups according to whether SBP at admission was equal to or higher than 140 mm Hg, which were further subdivided into clopidogrel plus aspirin and aspirin alone treatments according to the randomised assignment. We conducted multivariable regression analyses to detect relationship between SBP at admission and END, as well as efficacy of different antiplatelet therapies in each SBP subgroup. Primary endpoint was END defined as ≥2-point increase in 7-day National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Safety endpoints included intracranial haemorrhage and bleeding events during the trial.ResultsThis study included 2915 patients. Risk of END raised by 16% as SBP at admission increased by every 10 mm Hg (p<0.001). Clopidogrel plus aspirin resulted in significantly lower risk of END than aspirin alone in patients with SBP≥140 mm Hg (5.5% vs 7.9%; adjusted risk difference (RD) and 95% CI −2.5% (−4.1% to −1.0%)), but not in those with SBP<140 mm Hg (3.4% vs 4.2%; adjusted RD and 95% CI −0.8% (−3.2% to 1.7%)). Efficacy of different antiplatelet therapies and SBP did not show significant interaction (p=0.50). Safety endpoints were similar between treatments in SBP subgroups.ConclusionThe risk of END increases with elevated SBP at admission among patients with acute mild-to-moderate ischaemic stroke who are not suitable for reperfusion treatments. Fewer END occurred following clopidogrel plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone across different SBP levels. The finding should be interpreted cautiously.
Motor outcomes in unilateral, bilateral rapid, and bilateral delayed staging deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Sarmento Filipe , Daga Anshul , Wang Anson , Srikar Lavu Venkat , de Araújo Tiberio , Aghili Mehrizi Sina , Hilliard Justin D. , Forghani Reza , Okun Michael S. , Wong Joshua K. 
Published: December 2024

Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective in managing motor symptoms in select cases of Parkinson's disease (PD). Nonetheless, the ideal timing for surgery and the comparative outcomes of unilateral versus bilateral DBS procedures remain under-researched areas. Objective We aimed to compare the impact of unilateral and bilateral DBS on the motor manifestations of PD using standardized Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part-III (UPDRS-III). Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of PD patients who underwent multidisciplinary DBS screening which made a formal recommendation for surgical approach. We compared unilateral, bilateral “rapid” (less than 2 months apart), and bilateral “staged” (5–11 months apart) implantation approaches. The study included 90 patients, 48 patients, and 42 patients from the 3 groups, respectively. The primary outcome was the percentage improvement in baseline off UPDRS-III scores compared to medication-off/DBS-on conditions at 3–6 months and 10–14 months post-surgery. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare scores within groups and across follow-up periods. The Kruskal-Wallis test assessed differences among groups. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses were performed to adjust for confounding variables. Results UPDRS-III scores improved significantly from baseline at both follow-up intervals regardless of the type of DBS staging approach. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed no significant differences in UPDRS-III percentage improvement among groups at 3–6 months (p = 0.125) and 10–14 months (p = 0.298) post-DBS. Conclusions Our study revealed that in a single experienced DBS center which employed multidisciplinary screening, assignment to unilateral and bilateral DBS, both rapid and staged, targeting the STN or GPi, effectively improved motor symptoms for up to 14 months.
Decline of olfactory function in Parkinson's disease: A ten-year longitudinal study
Authors: Roos Dareia S , Klein Martin , Doty Richard L , Berendse Henk W 
Published: December 2024

Background Olfactory dysfunction is a prodromal sign of Parkinson's disease (PD) present in up to 90% of patients. However, it is unclear whether or not olfactory function worsens over the course of the disease. Objective In this study we examined whether the rate of decline of olfactory function in PD patients exceeds the expected age-related decline. Methods Olfactory function was tested in 90 PD patients at baseline (age at baseline 58.3 years, 68.9% males) and an average 10 years later using the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). To screen for concomitant cognitive deficits as a potential confounder, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used. Results At baseline, the mean UPSIT score was 22 points. Over the average 10-year follow-up period olfactory function decreased in 81.1% of PD patients, even in the youngest patients in whom no age-related decline was expected. The mean decrease was six UPSIT points ( p < 0.001), which exceeds the expected age-related decline derived from a previous study. When excluding patients with an MMSE score below 24, reflecting cognitive deficits that might interfere with olfactory test performance, UPSIT score still decreased by almost 7 points over the follow-up period. Conclusions Olfactory function in PD declines more rapidly with increasing disease duration than can be explained by aging or cognitive decline alone. As such, olfactory function appears to be a clinical marker of disease progression in PD that can be measured non-invasively and deserves consideration as part of multimodal phenotyping to monitor disease progression.