bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B12 may inhibit RNA‐dependent‐RNA polymerase activity of nsp12 from the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus
Authors: Narayanan Naveen , Nair Deepak T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 is the causative agent for the ongoing COVID19 pandemic, and this virus belongs to the Coronaviridae family. Like other members of this family, the virus possesses a positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA genome. The genome encodes for the nsp12 protein, which houses the RNA‐dependent‐RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity responsible for the replication of the viral genome. A homology model of nsp12 was prepared using the structure of the SARS nsp12 (6NUR) as a model. The model was used to carry out in silico screening to identify molecules among natural products, or Food and Drug Administration‐approved drugs that can potentially inhibit the activity of nsp12. This exercise showed that vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) may bind to the active site of the nsp12 protein. A model of the nsp12 in complex with substrate RNA and incoming NTP showed that vitamin B12 binding site overlaps with that of the incoming nucleotide. A comparison of the calculated energies of binding for RNA plus NTP and methylcobalamin suggested that the vitamin may bind to the active site of nsp12 with significant affinity. It is, therefore, possible that methylcobalamin binding may prevent association with RNA and NTP and thus inhibit the RdRP activity of nsp12. Overall, our computational studies suggest that methylcobalamin form of vitamin B12 may serve as an effective inhibitor of the nsp12 protein.
LncRNA GAS5 sponges miR‐362‐5p to promote sensitivity of thyroid cancer cells to 131I by upregulating SMG1
Authors: Li Li , Lin Xiaozong , Xu Peng , Jiao Yuying , Fu Peng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the role of lncRNA growth arrest‐specific transcript 5 (GAS5)/miR‐362‐5p/suppressor of morphogenesis in the genitalia 1 (SMG1) axis in 131I‐resistance in thyroid cancer (TC). GAS5, miR‐362‐5p, and SMG1 expression in TC tissues was assessed and the 131I‐resistant TC cells were established, which were treated with altered GAS5, miR‐362‐5p, and SMG1. The proliferation and apoptosis of 131I‐resistant TC cells were detected, and the expression of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway‐related proteins was assessed. Binding relations between GAS5 and miR‐362‐5p, and miR‐362‐5p and SMG1 were confirmed. The role of GAS5 in 131I‐resistant TC cell growth in vivo was observed. GAS5 was downregulated and miR‐362‐5p was upregulated in TC tissues and 131I‐resistant cells. The 131I‐resistant TC cells had enhanced proliferation and repressed apoptosis, and the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was activated. Overexpressed GAS5 strengthened 131I sensitivity and suppressed TC cell growth, while upregulated miR‐362‐5p had an opposite effect. MiR‐362‐5p upregulation reversed the effect of GAS5, and SMG1 overexpression eliminated the impact of miR‐362‐5p upregulation on 131I‐resistant TC cells. GAS5 competitively binds to miR‐362‐5p and SMG1 is targeted by miR‐362‐5p. GAS5 sponges miR‐362‐5p to promote sensitivity of TC cells to 131I by upregulating SMG1 and inactivating Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Design and fabrication of bone tissue scaffolds based on PCL/PHBV containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: dual‐leaching technique
Authors: Nahanmoghadam Amir , Asemani Maryam , Goodarzi Vahabodin , Ebrahimi‐Barough Somayeh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractScaffolds are the important part of the tissue‐engineering field that are made from different biomaterials using various techniques. In this study, new scaffold based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly (hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) containing hydroxyapatite nanopraticles (n‐HA) were fabricated using the dual‐leaching technique (DLT). Morphology, porosity, degradation rate, Fourier transfer infrared ray (FTIR) spectra, surface, and mechanical properties as well as capacity of cell binding and cell proliferation on the constructed scaffolds were evaluated. FTIR analysis showed that n‐HA particles have some interest interactions with polymeric chains. The best 3D‐structure was seen in PCL70PHBV30 scaffold using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and its structure improved in the presence of 3, 5 wt% of n‐HA. Results of energy dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDXA, map of Ca) showed that the nanoparticles have the uniform distribution within the fabricated scaffolds. Porosity analysis showed that the particulate salt leaching technique is a successful approach to building a 3D structure. Increasing of PHBV content and n‐HA up to 3 and 5 wt% in the PCL matrix led to increase porosity in all samples. Mechanical properties analysis showed that values of compression modulus and strength are decreased with addition of PHBV and HA nanoparticles. These results were directly in line with the results of morphology and porosity. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that the PCL/PHBV/nHA nanocomposite scaffold has a better tendency of proliferation to cells than that of the pure PCL/PHBV scaffold. All of these results suggest promising potentials of the developed PCL/PHBV/nHA scaffolds in this study desire for bone tissue engineering.
Regeneration of the peripheral nerve via multifunctional electrospun scaffolds
Authors: Ghane Nazanin , Khalili Shahla , Nouri Khorasani Saied , Esmaeely Neisiany Rasoul , Das Oisik , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOver the last two decades, electrospun scaffolds have proved to be advantageous in the field of nerve tissue regeneration by connecting the cavity among the proximal and distal nerve stumps growth cones and leading to functional recovery after injury. Multifunctional nanofibrous structure of these scaffolds provides enormous potential by combining the advantages of nano‐scale topography, and biological science. In these structures, selecting the appropriate materials, designing an optimized structure, modifying the surface to enhance biological functions and neurotrophic factors loading, and native cell‐like stem cells should be considered as the essential factors. In this systematic review paper, the fabrication methods for the preparation of aligned nanofibrous scaffolds in yarn or conduit architecture are reviewed. Subsequently, the utilized polymeric materials, including natural, synthetic and blend are presented. Finally, their surface modification techniques, as well as, the recent advances and outcomes of the scaffolds, both in vitro and in vivo, are reviewed and discussed.
Crystalline phase evolution and thermal behavior of zirconia‐lanthanum aluminate ceramics produced by surface modification
Authors: Denry Isabelle , Dawson Deborah V. , Holloway Julie A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the present work was to investigate the effect doping with lanthanum aluminate on the phase assemblage and thermal behavior of zirconia ceramics for biomedical applications. Four compositions were prepared by a surface modification route of either conventional tetragonal zirconia (3Y‐TZP) or high translucency cubic‐based zirconia (5Y‐PSZ) to reach a nominal composition of either 0.5 wt. % (3Y‐0.5LAO and 5Y‐0.5LAO) or 5 wt. % of lanthanum monoaluminate (3Y‐5LAO and 5Y‐5LAO). Undoped powders were used as controls. DTA and XRD analyses revealed that lanthanum dizirconate crystallized in the 934°C–936°C range, while lanthanum aluminate crystallized in the 1,056°C–1,063°C range in both types of zirconias doped at the 5% level. No second phase was found in compositions doped at the 0.5% level. The a lattice parameter and the amount of the cubic phase increased in both 3Y‐5LAO and 5Y‐5LAO. The microstructure of the compositions doped with 5% LAO was characterized by well distributed LAO twinned crystals and sparse needle‐shaped lanthanum hexaaluminate crystals. A bimodal grain size distribution was observed in 5Y‐doped compositions. This was attributed to abnormal grain growth of the cubic phase, and in line with aluminum segregation at grain boundaries and the presence of second‐phase LAO crystals.
Vascular access for optimal hematopoietic stem cell collection
Authors: Couzin Chloé , Manceau Sandra , Diana Jean‐Sébastien , Joseph Laure , Magnani Alessandra , Magrin Elisa , Amrane Horiya , Dupont Emilie , Raphalen Jean‐Herlé , Sibon David , Marcais Ambroise , Suarez Felipe , Cavazzana Marina , Lefrère François , Delville Marianne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of cytokine‐mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) is increasingly used to treat patients with hematologic disorders. Different types of vascular access have been exploited for the apheresis procedure, including peripheral veins (PV) and central venous catheter (CVC). In some cases, PV access is unavailable. There are few published data on the efficiency and quality of harvesting with different types of vascular access. This study brings out complications and morbidity of this procedure linked to these different access.MethodsWe performed a comparative, retrospective, single‐center study of hematopoietic stem cell collection using these two types of vascular access. We compared the efficiency and complication rate for 617 adults apheresis sessions in 401 patients and healthy donors, for PBSC collection via PV or CVC between 2010 and 2016. The quality of the HSC product was evaluated in terms of the total CD34 + count and neutrophil contamination.ResultsThe PV and CVC groups did not differ significantly in terms of the quality of the apheresis product, mean ± SD CD34 + cells collected in PV group was 383.1 ± 402.7 × 10e6 and 298.8 ± 372.7 × 10e6 and the level of neutrophil contamination was 21.0 ± 17.8% in the PV group and 20.6 ± 18.4% in the CVC group. The complication rate did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionThe type of vascular access for apheresis hematopoietic stem cell harvesting must be determined by trained staff. Successful harvesting can be performed via PV then CVC is not needed or not available.
Semiconductor nanocrystals possessing broadly size‐ and facet‐dependent optical properties
Authors: Huang Michael H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCu2O cubes, octahedra, and rhombic dodecahedra have been shown to exhibit continuous light absorption and emission band shifts with increasing particle sizes from 10 nm to sub‐microcrystals. They also possess clear facet‐dependent optical properties. Ag3PO4, Ag2O, SrTiO3, and CeO2 crystals show similar optical size and facet effects. Thus, spectral shifts over a broad size range far beyond the quantum‐size regime should be generally observable in many semiconductor materials. Facet‐dependent optical properties of a semiconductor can be understood to arise from the presence of an ultrathin surface layer with subtle bond and orbital level variations for different crystal faces. Although these optical features seem unexpected, they should be the general behaviors of semiconductor crystals. As more examples of these optical effects are available, we will find that these intrinsic properties of semiconductors have been ignored in the past. Furthermore, if valence and conduction band positions are broadly tunable by particle size, the knowledge should have tremendous impacts on the applications of semiconductors, where band energies are important to efficient interfacial charge transfer.
Identification of plasma hsa_circ_0008673 expression as a potential biomarker and tumor regulator of breast cancer
Authors: Hu Youting , Song Qi , Zhao Jianguo , Ruan Jian , He Fan , Yang Xia , Yu Xiaocheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveCell‐free circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable and abundantly exist in body fluids. In this study, we aimed to investigate plasma cell‐free circRNAs as a novel class of biomarkers for the diagnosis of breast cancer (BC).MethodsDifferentially expressed circRNAs from 6 normal and 6 BC plasma samples were detected by microarray. Hsa_circ_0008673 was then screened and validated in the plasma of 102 normal and 378 BC samples. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value. The correlations between hsa_circ_0008673 expression and demographic characteristics, tumor features, and prognosis were analyzed. The effects of hsa_circ_0008673 on BC cell proliferation and metastasis were also measured.ResultsOf the top ten up‐regulated (hsa_circ_0008673, hsa_circ_0008500, hsa_circ_0005260, hsa_circ_0003423, hsa_circ_0119881, hsa_circ_0000987, hsa_circ_0007386, hsa_circ_0000091, hsa_circ_0016601, and hsa_circ_0008549) and top ten down‐regulated (hsa_circ_0000826, hsa_circ_0072697, hsa_circ_0004587, hsa_circ_0000471, hsa_circ_0007786, hsa_circ_0001417, hsa_circ_0005982, hsa_circ_0001566, hsa_circ_0003823, and hsa_circ_0003823) circRNAs from microarray, hsa_circ_0008673 was the most significantly up‐regulated circRNA in BC, and represented a good diagnostic value. Hsa_circ_0008673 was remarkably down‐regulated after breast mastectomy. Hsa_circ_0008673 expression was associated with larger tumor size, distant metastasis, positive estrogen receptor (ER) status, and positive progesterone receptor (PR) status. Additionally, hsa_circ_0008673 could serve as a prognostic predicator of overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS). Cell assays proved that hsa_circ_0008673 knockdown contributed to inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and migration.ConclusionPlasma cell‐free hsa_circ_0008673 was up‐regulated in BC, which was associated with poorer prognosis and promoted tumor proliferation and metastasis. Hsa_circ_0008673 is a promising biomarker for tumor diagnosis and prognostic assessment of BC patients.
Development and validation of a three‐item version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Authors: Martínez Pablo , Magaña Irene , Vöhringer Paul A. , Guajardo Viviana , Rojas Graciela 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a brief screening instrument for postpartum depression in resource‐constrained primary care settings.MethodSecondary data analysis of a cohort of 305 mothers (Mdnage = 26) attending well‐child check‐ups in six primary care centers in Santiago, Chile, answered the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey, and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview depression module. A predictive model for postpartum depression was built using logistic and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regressions, with bootstrap validation.ResultsA three‐item version of the EPDS exhibited excellent discriminative capacity (c statistic = 0.95) and showed no significant differences versus the full version of the EPDS (χ2(1) = 1.75, p = .187). The best trade‐off between sensitivity (92.86%) and specificity (86.70%) was achieved at a cut‐off score of 8/9.ConclusionsThe three‐item version of the EPDS can save clinicians valuable time, which might potentially improve communication of results to patients.
Positive effect of Astragaloside IV on neurite outgrowth via talin‐dependent integrin signaling and microfilament force
Authors: Wang Yifan , Zhou Jingwen , Tang Chuanfeng , Yu Jia , Zhu Wen , Guo Jun , Wang Yue 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntegrin plays a prominent role in neurite outgrowth by transmitting both mechanical and chemical signals. Integrin expression is closely associated with Astragaloside IV (AS‐IV), the main component extracted from Astragali radix, which has a positive effect on neural‐protection. However, the relationship between AS‐IV and neurite outgrowth has not been studied exhaustively to date. The present study investigated the underlying mechanism of AS‐IV on neurite outgrowth. Longer neurites have been observed in SH‐SY5Y cells or cortical neurons after AS‐IV treatment. Furthermore, AS‐IV not only increased the expression of integrin β but also activated it. The AS‐IV‐induced increased integrin activity was attributed to the integrin‐activating protein talin. Application of the actin force probe showed that AS‐IV led to an increase in intracellular microfilament force during neurite growth. Furthermore, in response to AS‐IV, the microfilament force was regulated by talin and integrin activity during neurite growth. These results suggest that AS‐IV has the ability to increase intracellular structural force and facilitate neurite elongation by integrin signaling, which highlights its therapeutic potential for neurite outgrowth.
The effect of fasting or calorie restriction on mitophagy induction: a literature review
Authors: Mehrabani Sanaz , Bagherniya Mohammad , Askari Gholamreza , Read Morgayn I. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction can be a major cause of a wide range of age‐related diseases. Maintaining the normal homeostasis of mitochondria population plays an important role in ensuring people's health, which is done through the mitophagy process. Among the various stimuli for the onset of mitophagy, caloric restriction (CR) is one of the strongest non‐genetic triggers for initiating the mitophagy process. The primary objective of this paper is to review the literature assessing the effect of CR on mitophagy. Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases was searched from inception to 1 August 2019. Reference lists from all selected articles were also examined for additional relevant studies. The evidence regarding the effect of fasting or CR on mitophagy is still limited. In addition, the methodological approaches of the studies are too heterogeneous in terms of types of food restriction, study duration, and targeted tissues. Most of the studies showed that fasting or CR induced mitophagy and mitophagy‐related markers such as Binp3 and Parkin. However, some studies demonstrated that mitophagy occurred both in fasting and fed state with no significant differences or may be induced in fed state. Study on the muscle tissue of subjects after exercise showed that mitophagy was upregulated in the fed state. It has been demonstrated that mitophagy in the muscle was lowered in the absence of AMP‐dependent kinase and fibroblast growth factor 21 genes, both in fasted and fed conditions. Current evidence overwhelmingly suggests that CR and fasting induce mitophagy and mitophagy‐related markers. Based on the current evidence that we reviewed here, it could be concluded that fasting or CR has a promising role as a novel and practical approach in the prevention of age‐related diseases without any side effects by inducing mitophagy in different organs of the body. More studies will be required in future to clarify the relationship between food deprivation and mitophagy. Further studies using a variety of different types of CR and fasting states are also warranted to determine the best approach for inducing mitophagy and improving health.
Quality of information on YouTube about artificial intelligence in dental radiology
Authors: Cesur Aydin Kader , Gunec Huseyin Gurkan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study was designed to investigate Artificial Intelligence in Dental Radiology (AIDR) videos on YouTube in terms of popularity, content, reliability, and educational quality.MethodsTwo researchers systematically searched about AIDR on YouTube on January 27, 2020, by using the terms “artificial intelligence in dental radiology,” “machine learning in dental radiology,” and “deep learning in dental radiology.” The search was performed in English, and 60 videos for each keyword were assessed. Video source, content type, time since upload, duration, and number of views, likes, and dislikes were recorded. Video popularity was reported using Video Power Index (VPI). The accuracy and reliability of the source of information were measured using the adapted DISCERN score. The quality of the videos was measured using JAMAS and modified Global Quality Score (mGQS) and content via Total Concent Evaluation (TCE).ResultsThere was high interobserver agreement for DISCERN (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.975; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.957–0.985; P: 0.000; P < 0.05) and mGQS (ICC: 0.904; 95% CI: 0.841–0.943; P: 0.000; P < 0.05). Academic source videos had higher DISCERN, GQS, and TCE, revealing both reliability and quality. Also, positive relationship of VPI with mGQS (30.1%) (P: 0.035) and DISCERN (38.1%) (P: 0.007) is detected. The scores revealed 51.9% relationship between mGQS and DISCERN (P: 0.001); and educational quality predictor scores revealed 62.5% relationship between TCE and GQS (P: 0.000).ConclusionDespite the limited number of relevant videos, YouTube involves reliable and quality videos that can be used by dentists about learning AIDR.
The impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the teaching of dentistry in Brazil
Authors: Spanemberg Juliana Cassol , Simões Cinthia Coelho , Cardoso Juliana Andrade 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA new disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐COV‐2) virus, was discovered in the city of Wuhan in China in December 2019, and has reached, quickly and progressively, several countries on different continents. Even before the World Health Organization recognized the COVID‐19 epidemic as a pandemic, the Brazilian Ministry of Health had already declared COVID‐19 a national public health emergency due to the confirmation of cases in Brazil. In this scenario, the educational sector was one of the first to suffer the effects of the pandemic soon after the announcement of social distancing as a way to prevent the collapse of the Unified Health System. The aim of this paper is to report how Brazilians dental schools are leading with the new coronavirus pandemic.
Ergonomics of preclinical dental students and potential musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Kamal Alaa M. , Ahmed Doaa R. M. , Habib Shaimaa F. K. , Al‐Mohareb Rahaf A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionDental ergonomics aim to improve the safety and efficiency of dentists, reducing possible occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Factors affecting dental ergonomics include gender, tooth position, and use of equipment such as magnifying loupes. Since work habits are acquired early during undergraduate dental training, it is essential to assess the ergonomics of students at the preclinical training level.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to assess the ergonomics of preclinical dental students in different clinical settings and their correlation to potential MSDs.MethodsStudent posture was assessed during preclinical restorative training using the Dental Ergonomics Assessment rubrics visual scale. The variables tested were use of magnification, gender, and tooth position. Musculoskeletal (MS) pain was reported using a questionnaire. Results were analyzed statistically using Mann‐Whitney U test and Wilcoxon t‐test (P < 0.05). Spearman test was used to determine the correlation between posture and pain.ResultsUse of magnification and tooth position significantly affected student posture. Female students had worse posture in certain clinical situations. Reported MS pain positively correlated with poor posture.ConclusionThe use of magnifying loupes could have a positive impact on the ergonomics of dental students during their preclinical training, possibly decreasing the risk of developing MSDs.