bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-selection and socialisation effects of business and legal studies
Authors: Rosengart Tim , Hirsch Bernhard , Nitzl Christian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo explore the effect of business and legal studies on the resolution of trade-offs between efficiency considerations and fairness concerns, we distributed a survey with three decision cases to freshman and senior business and law students. Our results show that business students, in direct comparison with subjects who study law, make decisions more in accordance with economic theory. Studying business administration leads to decisions that are based more on efficiency criteria, while legal education appears to lead individuals making decisions that are more based on social criteria. Our findings reveal the impact of self-selection and socialization effects on decision making. For business ethics education, this result matters because moral decision making can be influenced during studies.
Thermoelectric Generators for Automotive Applications: Holistic Optimization and Validation by a Functional Prototype
Authors: Kober Martin , Knobelspies Timo , Rossello Aina , Heber Lars 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCurrent research has led to a significant improvement at the system level of thermoelectric generators (TEG) for automotive applications. The previously low power density could be increased considerably up to 267 W/kg and 478 W/dm3. In addition, the cost–benefit ratio of the technology in the overall system of the vehicle was improved through intensive optimizations on system level. The results presented so far are based on measurement data of single thermoelectric modules (TEM) and simulation of the TEG system. In this paper the high simulative increases at the system level, achieved through a holistic optimization method, are validated by a functional prototype, completely equipped with TEM. Thereby, a functional prototype has been developed and built successfully and measured on a hot gas test bench. In the experiment all TEM show a stable power output and the highest gravimetric power density of automotive TEG systems known to the authors could be measured. Further tests will be performed with the functional prototype as described in the outlook. In addition to the successful tests, the simulation is validated with the detailed measurement data. After adapting the measurement method of the TEM for providing more accurate TEM measurement data as input for the simulation, a suitable match could be achieved between the TEG simulation and the experiment. In the measurement points performed so far, the accuracy of the simulated temperatures reaches more than 95%. The accuracy of the simulated output power is more than 97%.
Value-Based Healthcare and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Implementation in a High-Volume Bariatric Center in Italy
Authors: Goretti Giulia , Marinari Giuseppe M. , Vanni Elena , Ferrari Chiara 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for patients affected by morbid obesity. The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol increases clinical outcomes, but the most recent literature shows incomplete patients’ adherence. This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of applying a Value-Based Healthcare (VBHC) strategy associated with ERAS to increase patients’ engagement and outcomes.

Method
A multiprofessional team redesigned the process considering ERAS recommendations and patients’ feedbacks. Outcomes that matter to patients were defined with structured patients’ interviews and collected in the electronic clinical record. Adherence to the pathway and the cost of the cycle of care were measured to demonstrate sustainability. A model was developed to grant its replicability.

Results
A total of 2.122 patients were included. The lowest adherence to the protocol for a single item was 82%. 74% of excess weight loss; 90% better comorbidities control; 77.5% had no pain after surgery; 61% no postoperative nausea and vomiting. Zero mortality; 1.8% overall morbidity; 0.4% readmission and reoperation rate within 30 days. The average length of stay is 2.1 days. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) documented increased productivity and quality of life.

Conclusion
Building a caring relationship by a multidisciplinary team, adding patient wellness in a VBHC framework on top of ERAS as a patient-centered approach, increases patients’ engagement and adherence to the pathway of care, resulting in better health outcomes (clinical and PROMs). The Value-Based Model is sustainable and replicable; it represents the prototype for redesigning other pathways and may become a model for other organizations.
Fabrication of SS316L to Ni80Cr20 graded structures by 3D plasma metal deposition
Authors: Hoefer K. , Rodriguez J. , Haelsig A. , Abstoss K.-G. , Mayr P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPowder metallurgy and thermal spraying has been used traditionally to manufacture functionally graded materials (FGMs). However, only simple geometries can be made with these processes and the compositional gradients cannot be tailored. These disadvantages can be overcome by employing additive manufacturing (AM). 3D plasma metal deposition (3DPMD) is a new technique that combines the advantages of plasma powder and additive processes. This process allows the production of structures with mixtures of different materials and powder fraction targeting changes in local properties and microstructures. For example, up to four powders, which can be different in terms of chemistry and powder fraction, can be mixed within one layer to adapt the local properties of the structure. The feasibility of functionally graded structures of stainless steel 316L (SS316L) and Ni80-20 alloy was studied. Two configurations, transition between the steel and the Ni-based alloy, were tested. The first one is hard transition, SS316L on the bottom and Ni80-20 on the top. The second one, a smooth transition between both materials was created with 50% of steel and 50% of Ni-based alloy. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the microstructures. The manufactured part showed good appearance, without any external defects and acceptable geometric accuracy. The layer thickness was around z = 1 mm for both structures. Regarding the microstructural characterization, both materials displayed a dendritic structure. In the SS316L, the microstructure was composed by an austenitic matrix with δ-ferrite located in the grain boundaries. The microstructure of the Ni80-20 was characterized as an austenitic matrix, with some M7C3 and M23C6 precipitates. In addition, the Laves phase was also observed.
Which factors influence the oral health of nursing-home residents with cognitive and motor impairments?
Authors: Klotz Anna-Luisa , Zajac Melania , Ehret Judith , Kilian Samuel , Rammelsberg Peter , Zenthöfer Andreas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
There is limited information available about the oral and denture hygiene and oral health of nursing-home residents with cognitive and motor impairments.

Aims
The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing the oral and denture hygiene and oral health of nursing-home residents with cognitive and motor impairments.

Methods
The study was performed in nine nursing-homes in Germany. Sociodemographic and general data were collected for all participants (n = 150). The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) was used to identify the presence of dementia, and the Apraxia Screening Test (AST) was used to identify motor impairment. A comprehensive dental examination was also performed. This included the documentation of dental and denture status and the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT). In addition, dental and denture hygiene were assessed using the Plaque Index (PI) and the Denture Hygiene Index (DHI). Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to analyse possible factors affecting the dependent target variables.

Results
In multivariate regression analysis, the factors that most strongly influenced greater PI were a lower number of medications taken (p = 0.018), poorer general health (p = 0.013) and the presence of dementia (p < 0.010). A more advanced age (p = 0.036) and longer nursing-home stay (p = 0.048) had a negative effect on the DHI. Furthermore, gender (p = 0.037, in favour of women), poorer general health (p = 0.003), presence of dementia (p = 0.003), and the absence of natural teeth (p = 0.028) influenced poorer oral health. The factors most strongly influenced greater number of missing teeth were a more advanced age (p = 0.021) and longer nursing-home stay (p = 0.015). In terms of fewer filled teeth, a shorter nursing-home stay (p = 0.002) was the factor most strongly influenced this.

Conclusions
Poorer general health and the presence of apraxia and cognitive impairment are the main determinants for poorer oral hygiene and oral health among nursing-home residents. A longer nursing-home stay also seems to be relevant for oral health and denture hygiene.
Zur Ökonomik des Falschparkens
Authors: Follert Florian , Emrich Eike 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDerzeit versucht eine Initiative verschiedener Organisationen, im Rahmen einer Petition für eine Erhöhung der Strafen für Falschparken zu werben. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt dies zum Anlass, die Hintergründe des Vorhabens ökonomisch zu analysieren. Dafür bietet sich die Theorie unerwünschter Handlungen an. Neben der gegenwärtigen Diskussion um höhere Strafen, zeigt der Beitrag anhand der ökonomischen Theorie auf, welche Parameter von staatlicher Seite genutzt werden können, um die Entscheidung eines potentiellen Falschparkers in die gewünschte Richtung zu lenken. Dies sind insbesondere die Entdeckungswahrscheinlichkeit, die Strafart, die Strafhöhe sowie die Gewissenskosten des potentiellen Falschparkers. Auf modelltheoretischer Ebene werden einerseits das Verhalten des potentiellen Falschparkers und andererseits das Verhalten der Kommune diskutiert. Der Aufsatz liefert insofern einen Beitrag zur Stadtökonomik und zeigt verkehrspolitische Implikationen auf.
Die digitale Konstellation. Eine Positionsbestimmung
Authors: Berg Sebastian , Rakowski Niklas , Thiel Thorsten 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklung der digitalen Gesellschaft ist in den Sozialwissenschaften zu einem zentralen Forschungsgegenstand aufgestiegen; in der Politikwissenschaft gilt allerdings, dass die Auseinandersetzung auf eher wenige Schwerpunkte – insbesondere Digitalisierung als vernetzte Kommunikation – beschränkt geblieben ist. Der Beitrag macht einen Vorschlag für eine andere Form der politikwissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung indem er – nach einer kritischen Rekonstruktion der Forschungsentwicklung in der Politikwissenschaft – breit rezipierte Diagnosen der digitalen Gesellschaft in Nachbardisziplinen wie der Soziologie und Rechtswissenschaft (Baecker, Nassehi, Reckwitz, Stalder und Vesting) rekonstruiert. Er arbeitet übergreifende Erkenntnisse im Digitalisierungsverständnis dieser Ansätze heraus, kritisiert jedoch deren Konzeptualisierung von Politik und Demokratie. Auf dieser Grundlage wird sodann ein Vorschlag unterbreitet, eine in der Politikwissenschaft anschlussfähigere Perspektive mittels des Konzepts der „digitalen Konstellation“ zu entwickeln. Dieses untersucht das Wechselspiel technischer und gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen in Bezug auf den Zusammenhang zum Formwandel von Demokratie. Abschließend wird dies in einer exemplarischen Analyse von Veränderungen des Repräsentationskonzepts im digitalen Kontext veranschaulicht.
Decreased radiation exposure using pulsed fluoroscopy and a detachable pedicle marker and probe to place pedicle screws: a comparison to current fluoroscopy techniques and CT navigation
Authors: Marco Rex A. W. , Curry Michael C. , Mujezinovic Faruk , Linton Judith 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Study design
Quality improvement evaluation with retrospective analysis.

Objectives
To compare a technique to place pedicle screws (PS) using a novel detachable pedicle marker and probe (DPMP) and pulsed fluoroscopy (PF) vs. conventional technique utilizing PF with standard instruments (SI) and O-arm.

Summary of background data
Spinal fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation (PSI) is the mainstay in treatment of spinal deformities. Reports suggest that CT navigated (O-arm) PS placement is more accurate than fluoroscopy. However, these studies have not considered the increased radiation exposure associated with CT.

Methods
Thirty-six patients with spinal deformity had PSI using PF and DPMPs. Accuracy of PS placement and radiation data from 14 dosimeters placed on the patient and around the operating room was analyzed. Results were compared to published data.

Results
Mean fluoroscopic time was 13.4 s (range 6.0–32.4), and the mean cumulative dose was 3.1 mGy (range 0.2–16.4). Median estimated effective dose to the patient was 0.22 mSv (range 0.0–0.7). The effective dose of radiation was reduced by 80% (0.22 mSv vs. 1.11 mSv) compared to low-dose O-arm. The surgical team did not receive any detectable radiation. The seconds of PF used to assist and confirm placement of PSs was reduced to 1.2 s/level compared to previous reports of 4.49 s/level using SIs. DPMPs reduced fluoroscopy to 0.84 s/PS compared to 7.36 s/PS using SIs to assist and confirm PS placement. PSs were accurately placed in 561 of 576 (97.4%), which is comparable to O-arm and fluoroscopy with SIs.

Conclusions
PS placement using PF and DPMPs to assist and confirm PS placement lowers radiation exposure to the patient and surgical team without compromising accuracy compared to O-arm and fluoroscopy with SIs.

Level of evidence
Therapeutic, Level IV (Retrospective case series, historical control).
Outcomes of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Basilar Artery Occlusion
Authors: Pasarikovski Christopher R. , Khosravani Houman , da Costa Leodante , Heyn Chinthaka , Priola Stefano M. , Ku Jerry C. , Black Sandra E. , Gladstone David J. , Yang Victor X. D. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT:Background and Purpose:Large prospective observational studies have cast doubt on the common assumption that endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is superior to intravenous thrombolysis for patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review our experience for patients with BAO undergoing EVT with modern endovascular devices.Methods:All consecutive patients undergoing EVT with either a second-generation stent retriever or direct aspiration thrombectomy for BAO at our regional stroke center from January 1, 2013 to March 1, 2019 were included. The primary outcome measure was functional outcome at 1 month using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between patient characteristics and dichotomized mRS.Results:A total of 43 consecutive patients underwent EVT for BAO. The average age was 67 years with 61% male patients. Overall, 37% (16/43) of patients achieved good functional outcome. Successful reperfusion was achieved in 72% (31/43) of cases. The median (interquartile range) stroke onset to treatment time was 420 (270–639) minutes (7 hours) for all patients. The procedure-related complication rate was 9% (4/43). On multivariate analysis, posterior circulation Alberta stroke program early computed tomography score and Basilar Artery on Computed Tomography Angiography score were associated with improved functional outcome.Conclusion:EVT appears to be safe and feasible in patients with BAO. Our finding that time to treatment and successful reperfusion were not associated with improved outcome is likely due to including patients with established infarcts. Given the variability of collaterals in the posterior circulation, the paradigm of utilizing a tissue window may assist in patient selection for EVT. Magnetic resonance imaging may be a reasonable option to determine the extent of ischemia in certain situations.
Visceral organ growth patterns in Saanen goats
Authors: Andrade M. E. B. , Härter C. J. , Gindri M. , Resende K. T. , Teixeira I. A. M. A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVisceral organs play an important role in animals' energy requirements, so their growth must be well understood. The objective of the current study was to fit and compare growth curves that best describe body and visceral organ growth over time in Saanen goats of different sexes. Data were synthesized from seven studies in which curves were fitted to visceral organ growth over time for female, intact male and castrated male Saanen goats from 5 to 45 kg body weight. The liver, pancreas, spleen, rumen–reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, large intestine and mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) data were fitted to eight models: simple linear regression, quadratic, monomolecular, Brody, Von Bertalanffy, logistic, Gompertz and Richards. The best-fit model was chosen based on the corrected Akaike information criterion and the concordance correlation coefficient. Model parameters for each sex were compared. Overall, the model that best described visceral organ growth was the logistic model. Sex did not influence the parameters that predicted organ growth (g), except for MAT, where females presented a lower tissue deposition rate and greater inflection point than males. Irrespective of sex, at the beginning of the growth curve, the liver accounted for 28 ± 1.1 g/kg of empty body weight, and the inflection point occurred at 1.7 months. The rumen–reticulum and large intestine presented higher growth rates in the first 2 months of life. Knowledge of the visceral organ growth curve is useful in improving the understanding of the effect of nutritional requirements for goats and must be used to optimize the nutritional plans.
Anger attacks are associated with persistently elevated irritability in MDD: findings from the EMBARC study
Authors: Jha Manish K. , Fava Maurizio , Minhajuddin Abu , Chin Fatt Cherise , Mischoulon David , Wakhlu Nausheen , Trombello Joseph M. , Cusin Cristina , Trivedi Madhukar H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis report tests the association of self-reported symptoms of irritability with overt behavior of anger attacks (uncharacteristic sudden bouts of anger that are disproportionate to situation and associated with autonomic activation).MethodsParticipants of the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care study who completed Massachusetts General Hospital Anger Attacks questionnaire were included (n = 293). At each visit, the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the 16-item Concise Associated Symptom Tracking scale were used to measure depression, anxiety, and irritability. In those with anger attacks present v. those without anger attacks, separate t tests and mixed model analyses compared afore-mentioned symptoms at baseline and changes with treatment respectively. As anger attacks may occur without aggressive behaviors, analyses were repeated based only on the presence of aggressive behaviors.ResultsAt baseline, those with anger attacks (n = 109) v. those without anger attacks (n = 184) had similar levels of depression but higher levels of irritability [effect size (d) = 0.80] and anxiety (d = 0.32). With acute-phase treatment, participants with anger attacks experienced a greater reduction in irritability (p < 0.001) but not in depression (p = 0.813) or anxiety (p = 0.771) as compared to those without anger attacks. Yet, irritability levels at week-8 were higher in those with anger attacks (d = 0.32) than those without anger attacks. Similar results were found in participants with aggressive behaviors.ConclusionsThe presence of anger attacks in outpatients with major depressive disorder may identify a sub-group of patients with persistently elevated irritability.
INTRODUCTION: TOWARDS GENDER DIVERSITY IN NEW MUSIC PRACTICE
Authors: Devenish Louise 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe collection of articles in TEMPO 292 provides the opportunity to examine recent research and approaches towards gender diversity in new music from an Australian perspective. The otherwise under-recognised contributions to the development of music by women and gender-diverse artists is spotlighted through academic research, industry strategies and creative approaches to music-making. Topics explored include artistic research in free improvisation, performance analysis and performativity, presented together with research findings drawn from mentorship programmes for female composers, gender diversity strategies in tertiary music education and the positive impacts of content targets in programming. Together these articles offer a wide range of perspectives on changing creation and performance practices, listening practices and audience attitudes to music in the twenty-first century. Contributors include leading scholar-performers active at the forefront of contemporary music in Australia, artists from the UK and USA, as well as national radio programmers and not-for-profit arts organisations.
TOWARDS THE SUMMERS NIGHT: A MENTORING PROJECT FOR AUSTRALIAN COMPOSERS IDENTIFYING AS WOMEN
Authors: Hope Cat , Grant Nat , Smart Gabriella , Parr Tristen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Summers Night Project is an ongoing composer-mentoring programme established in 2018 by musicians Cat Hope and Gabriella Smart, with the support of the Perth-based new music organisation Tura New Music. The project aims to support and mentor emerging Australian female and gender minority composers to create new compositions for performance, with the aim of growing the gender diversity of composers in music programmes across Australia. Three composers were chosen from a national call for submissions, and works were performed by an ensemble consisting of members from the Decibel and Soundstream new music ensembles. Three new works were workshopped, recorded then performed on a short tour of Perth, Adelaide and Melbourne, Australia in July 2018. The project takes its name and inspiration from Australian feminist Anne Summers, author of the ground-breaking examination of women in Australia's history Damned Whores and God's Police (1975) and was inspired by her 2017 Women's Manifesto. This article examines the rationale for such a project, the processes and results of the project itself, and plans for its future.
OF BODY, OF EMOTION: A TOOLKIT FOR TRANSFORMATIVE SOUND USE
Authors: Rosenberg Shoshana , Reardon-Smith Hannah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMuch of contemporary western art music relies on objectivist and individualistic frameworks of intellect which oppose any focus on subjectivity, embodiment or emotion. These approaches deny composers, players and audiences the powerful experiences facilitated by works which are of body and of emotion. We suggest that by facilitating a return to body and emotion in sound we create potential for deep, cathartic, and transformative psychophysiological states. We argue that these states can create shared experiences that directly resist the isolating, homogenising, socially apathetic and narrowing path paved by frameworks of intellect. This refusal can facilitate collectivised movement towards an ethics of care, through mutuality, solidarity and empathy. This extends further than musical practice and builds potential inroads towards greater social and political transformation. We offer a toolkit of actions and frameworks that enable embodied and emotional sound use: intensity, stillness, improvisation, collectivised praxis and uncanoning.