bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personally meaningful recovery in people with psychological trauma: Initial validity and reliability of the Individual Recovery Outcomes Counter (I.ROC)
Authors: Rudd Bridey , Karatzias Thanos , Bradley Aoife , Fyvie Claire , Hardie Scott 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIndividual Recovery Outcomes Counter (I.ROC) is a brief tool measuring personal recovery designed for collaborative use within support. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of a self‐report version of the I.ROC within a trauma population. A total of 107 adults attending trauma interventions in an NHS service in Scotland completed I.ROC alongside measures of self‐esteem, mental illness symptoms, and functional impairment. Scores on each measure were compared to evaluate the convergent validity of I.ROC. Internal consistency and factor analytical techniques were also used to assess the structural validity and reliability of the measure. Results of internal consistency, convergent validity, and factor analysis provide preliminary support for I.ROC’s validity within a trauma population. Previously proposed models were a poor fit for the current sample; principal components analysis suggested a three‐factor structure with acceptable internal consistency, comprising ten of the original twelve items (I.ROC‐10). Correlations with all measures reached significance for the original and modified I.ROC and its subscales. I.ROC appears to be a valid and reliable tool for use in measuring recovery within a trauma population, but further research is needed to examine the structural validity of I.ROC.
The effectiveness of pressure ulcer prevention programme: A comparative study
Authors: Al Mutair Abbas , Ambani Zainab , Al Obaidan Fadillah , Al Salman Khulud , Alhassan Hashmiah , Al Mutairi Alya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHospital‐acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) affect patients during hospitalisation, putting patients at risk for further complications. HAPU is one of the hospital quality indicators that require quality initiatives or programmes to minimise its occurrence and consequences. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a developed quality improvement programme in preventing HAPUs. This is a retrospective comparative study, which tracked the outcomes of pressure ulcer prevention programme (PUPP) for 5 years from 2014 to 2018. Data from 50 441 patients were collected from different units in a tertiary hospital in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. The programme focused on building a wound care team; providing education to hospital staff, patients, and their families; and continuous data monitoring, in addition to follow‐up visits after discharge. Implementation of the programme was successful showing a statistically significant reduction of HAPUs from 0.20% in 2014 to 0.06% in 2018 (P value <.001). The PUPP was effective in reducing the percentage of pressure ulcer cases. The programme can be extended and implemented in other hospitals.
Research Review: Do parent ratings of infant negative emotionality and self‐regulation predict psychopathology in childhood and adolescence? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective longitudinal studies
Authors: Kostyrka‐Allchorne Katarzyna , Wass Sam V. , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J. S. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundIdentifying low‐cost and easy to implement measures of infant markers of later psychopathology may improve targeting of early intervention for prevention. Because of their early manifestation, relative stability and overlap with constructs central to affect‐based dimensions of child and adolescent psychopathology, negative emotionality and self‐regulation have been the focus of this research. We conducted a meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies examining the prospective association between infant temperament measured with parent ratings and child/adolescent psychopathology.MethodsA systematic literature search for prospective longitudinal studies, which included measures of questionnaire‐assessed infant temperament (negative emotionality, self‐regulation, behavioural inhibition, surgency/extraversion, activity level) and symptoms of child or adolescent mental health (externalising, internalising) and neurodevelopmental problems (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism spectrum disorder [ASD]), was conducted. Standardised estimates of association were calculated and pooled in meta‐analyses.ResultsTwenty‐five studies (n = 28,425) met inclusion criteria. Small associations were seen between psychopathology aggregated across all domains and infant negative emotionality (r = .15; p < .001) and self‐regulation (r = −.19; p = .007). Effects were also significant but weaker for behavioural inhibition (r = .10; p = .027) and activity level (r = .08; p = .016). Surgency/extraversion was not significantly associated with psychopathology in general (r = −.04; p = .094); however, it was negatively associated with ASD (r = −.10, p = .015). Significant correlations were observed with some outcomes isomorphic with predictors, internalising problems and behavioural inhibition (r = .10; p = .013), ADHD symptoms and activity level (r = .19; p = .009).ConclusionQuestionnaire‐based assessments of infant negative emotionality may have transdiagnostic potential to contribute to a risk index of later childhood psychopathology. Behavioural inhibition, surgency/extraversion and activity ratings may provide more specific predictive power. More data from prospective studies are required before the potential of self‐regulation and surgency/extraversion can be properly gauged.
Monitoring coffee roasting cracks and predicting with in situ near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Yergenson Nathan , Aston David Eric 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe prediction of start and end times of the first and second crack events in roasting coffee is feasible with in situ near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Roasting samples analyzed herein consist of eight varieties of arabica coffee with different origins and processing methods, roasted with four temperature–time profiles. Real‐time analysis of recorded audio from coffee bean popping sounds provides a basis for determining the start and end times of each major event. A custom in situ diffuse reflectance probe improved NIR output, and partial least squares (PLS) regression generated a separate model for each crack event. The resulting PLS models show strong potential for process control implementation. A newly developed roast degree scale based on the progression through crack events is arguably more meaningful than common color cues to connect and correlate the complex chemistries and consumer qualities in roasted coffee.Practical ApplicationsThe first and second cracks are two sets of popping sounds that occur during coffee roasting. These events are commonly used as indicators of roast degree for determining the endpoint of the roast, but this judgment can be subjective. This work explores the use of NIR spectroscopy to predict the start and end of the two cracking events to provide a more robust method for controlling the roast based on the cracks. The predictions are used to generate a numerical roast degree scale, which provides a consistent method of comparing the roast degree of coffees from different origins or roasters.
Chemical composition, adulteration, total microbial load, and heavy metal in raw milk samples collected from dairy farms and urban areas in Lahore District, Pakistan
Authors: Arif Atta M. , Javed Imran , Ayaz Muhammad , Abdullah Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Rashid Anjum , Shahbaz Muhammad , Gondal Tanweer A. , Qaisarani Tahira B. , Iqbal Zafar , Salehi Bahare , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Martorell Miquel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present study evaluated raw milk samples from dairy farms and urban areas in Lahore District, Pakistan, for the measurement of chemical composition, presence of adulterants, total microbial, and heavy metals loads. Measurements of chemical composition and physicochemical properties of the raw milk samples collected from urban areas showed the following mean values of 2.76 ± 0.29, 2.62 ± 0.18, 1.27 ± 0.08, 7.13 ± 0.30, 6.46 ± 0.26, and 0.47 ± 0.02 for lactose, fat, protein, total solids, pH, and ash, respectively, while milk samples collected from dairy farms achieved the mean values of 4.82 ± 0.32, 5.02 ± 0.39, 3.36 ± 0.18, 13.19 ± 0.66, 6.67 ± 0.27, and 0.75 ± 0.05 for lactose, fat, protein, total solids, pH, and ash, respectively. Mean values of total plate count were 5.21 ± 0.28 CFU/ml for urban areas raw milk samples and 4.67 ± 0.27 CFU/ml for the dairy farm milk samples. Heavy metal mean concentrations for Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni in urban areas milk samples from milk shop were 0.024 ± 0.005, 0.021 ± 0.006, 1.22 ± 0.25, 2.42 ± 0.57, and 0.044 ± 0.006 ppm, respectively. Conclusively, strategies should be adopted in order to prevent the heavy metal contamination in milk to further minimizes the health risks associated with heavy metal consumption.
Strategies and Resources for Increasing the PhD Pipeline and Producing Independent Nurse Scientists
Authors: Stanfill Ansley Grimes , Aycock Dawn , Dionne‐Odom J. Nicholas , Rosa William E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNurse scientists play an indispensable role in developing new knowledge to advance the health of patients, families, and communities. Yet PhD nurse enrollment has significantly dropped, and many later career nurse scientists are nearing retirement. The purpose of this article is to outline potential strategies to enhance the PhD nurse pipeline. Potential strategies are identified at three distinct time points along the PhD trajectory: (a) prior to a PhD program (increasing the pipeline), (b) during a PhD program (enhancing graduation rates and transitioning into research‐focused careers), and (c) in the postdoctoral or early career period (establishing scholarly independence and an active program of research). Talented students should be approached early on in their education to ascertain interest in a scientific research‐based career, and all students could be engaged in research opportunities while in undergraduate programs. During a PhD program, supportive mentors are a key component for student success and may provide assistance in obtaining ongoing funding and scholarship support. Throughout doctoral study and into early career, less structured opportunities can be influential, including conference support, online and face‐to‐face training, and ongoing funding and scholarship support for postdoctoral study or fellowships. At each career stage, there should be a focus on designing scientifically sound nursing research that will impact outcomes in measurable and sustainable ways. We must not focus our attention only on student recruitment. Public messaging efforts are needed to raise awareness of the role of nurse researchers. In addition, several stakeholders play a role in increasing the PhD pipeline and producing independent nurse scientists, and they should be acknowledged in these efforts. The strategies described may be beneficial for any nurse contemplating a research career as well as for those who may serve as mentors to these individuals. More broadly, these strategies may be employed by colleges and universities, funding bodies, professional nursing societies, and healthcare organizations in the United States and abroad. Increasing the PhD pipeline, and fostering a more robust field of independent nurse scientists, will translate into improved patient outcomes.
MRI Findings in Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma: A Review
Authors: Orman Gunes , Kralik Stephen F. , Meoded Avner , Desai Nilesh , Risen Sarah , Huisman Thierry A.G.M. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTTrauma is the most common cause of death and significant morbidity in childhood; abusive head trauma (AHT) is a prominent cause of significant morbidity and mortality in children younger than 2 years old. Correctly diagnosing AHT is challenging both clinically and radiologically. The primary diagnostic challenges are that the abused children are usually too young to provide an adequate history, perpetrators are unlikely to provide truthful account of trauma, and clinicians may be biased in their assessment of potentially abused children. The main radiological challenge is that there is no single imaging finding that is independently specific for or diagnostic of AHT. The radiological evaluation should be based on the multiplicity and severity of findings and an inconsistency with the provided mechanism of trauma. While the most common neuroimaging finding in AHT is subdural hemorrhage, other less well‐known magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings such as the “lollipop sign” or “tadpole sign,” parenchymal or cortical lacerations, subpial hemorrhage, cranio‐cervical junction injuries including retroclival hematomas, as well as diffuse hypoxic brain injury have been identified and described in the recent literature. While AHT is ultimately a clinical diagnosis combining history, exam, and neuroimaging, familiarity with the typical as well as the less‐well known MRI findings will improve recognition of AHT by radiologists.
Changes in heart rate related to rhythmic masticatory muscle activities and limb movements in patients with sleep bruxism
Authors: Zhong Zhijun , Xu Miao , Zou Xueliang , Ouyang Qian , Zhang Ling , Yu Bin , Wang Kelun , Yao Dongyuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMost sleep bruxism (SB) episodes are accompanied by an increase in sympathetic tone and heart rate (HR). To characterise heart rate (HR) changes in relation to rhythmic masticatory muscle activities (RMMAs) in SB patients, polysomnographic recordings were performed on 10 SB patients and 11 normal controls. The duration of movement events, amplitude and duration of HR increases, and time to reach HR peak associated with RMMAs and limb movements (LMs) were determined, and the relationships of the parameters of HR increases with types of movements and RMMAs were analysed. All of the parameters of HR increases associated with three types of movements (RMMAs, RMMAs + LMs and LMs) and masseter activities (phasic, tonic and mixed) were significantly different (two‐way ANOVA, P < .001 for all) in both SB patients and controls. The duration of RMMAs/LMs was positively correlated with the parameters (SB patients: R2 = .24‐.85, P < .0001; controls: R2 = .23‐.68, P < .0001). The amplitude of HR increases was also positively correlated with respiration changes in the SB patients (R2 = .3258, P < .0001) and controls (R2 = .09469, P < .05). The proportions of phasic RMMAs associated with awakenings, microarousals and no cortical arousals were significantly different and so were the proportions of tonic and mixed RMMAs (Friedman's tests, P < .05‐.001). The HR increases associated with RMMAs may be intrinsic to the cortical arousal response and autonomic activation, and differences in HR increases associated with different types of movements and RMMAs might be related to the changes in respiration and differences in cortical arousal levels.
Bond Strength of Denture Teeth to Heat‐Cured, CAD/CAM and 3D Printed Denture Acrylics
Authors: Choi Joanne Jung Eun , Uy Caira Ellyse , Plaksina Polina , Ramani Rishi Sanjay , Ganjigatti Ritu , Waddell John Neil 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo establish the fracture toughness (K1C) and flexural bond strength of commercially available denture teeth to heat cured, CAD/CAM and 3D printed denture‐based resins (DBRs).Materials and MethodsThree types of DBRs (Heat cure, CAD‐milled and 3D printed) and four different types of commercial denture teeth (Unfilled PMMA, double cross‐linked PMMA, PMMA with nanofillers and 3D printed resin teeth) were investigated. DBR and epoxy embedded denture teeth (n = 30 per group) specimen beams (25 × 4 × 3 mm) were fabricated. The testing ends of all the specimens were surface treated, bonded and processed according to manufacturer's instructions. Twenty specimens were thermal cycled to simulate the effects of 6 and 12 months intraorally. A 4‐point bend test, using the chevron‐notched beam method was done and K1C (MPa ·m1/2) and flexure bond strength (MPa) were calculated. All specimens were analysed for the mode of failure under the light microscope and selected specimens under scanning electron microscope. Results were statistically analysed using ANOVA (SPSS Ver 24).ResultsThe mean K1C was the highest for the teeth bonded to the heat‐cured DBR group (1.09 ± 0.24), followed by CAD/CAM (0.43 ± 0.05) and 3D printed groups (0.17 ± 0.01). Differences were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Within each group, aging showed statistically significantly lower values but no statistical significance between the mean K1C and flexural bond strength (p = 0.36). The dominant mode of failure was cohesive in the CAD/CAM groups and adhesive in the heat‐cured and 3D printed groups.ConclusionTeeth bonded to heat‐cured DBRs produced the highest K1C.The bond strength decreased significantly with aging. Teeth bonded to CAD/CAM and 3D printed DBRs showed significantly lower bond strength, with no significant influence of aging.
Genetic innovations: Transposable element recruitment and de novo formation lead to the birth of orphan genes in the rice genome
Authors: Jin Gui‐Hua , Zhou Yan‐Li , Yang Hong , Hu Yan‐Ting , Shi Yong , Li Ling , Siddique Abu N. , Liu Chang‐Ning , Zhu An‐Dan , Zhang Cheng‐Jun , Li De‐Zhu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrphan genes are genetic innovations that lack homologs in other lineages. Orphan genes can rapidly originate and become substantially functional, yet the mechanisms underlying their origins are still largely unknown in plants. Here, we investigated the origin of orphan genes in the Oryza sativa ssp. japonica “Nipponbare” genome using genome‐wide comparisons with 10 closely related Oryza species. We identified a total of 37 orphan genes in the Nipponbare genome that show short sequence lengths, elevated GC content, and absence of introns. Interestingly, half of the identified orphan genes originated by way of a distinctive mechanism that involved the generation of new coding sequences through independent and rapid divergence within the inserted transposable element. Our results provide valuable insight into genetic innovations in the model rice genome that formed on a very short timescale.
Climatic vulnerabilities and ecological preferences of soil invertebrates across biomes
Authors: Bastida Felipe , Eldridge David J. , Abades Sebastián , Alfaro Fernando D. , Gallardo Antonio , García‐Velázquez Laura , García Carlos , Hart Stephen C. , Pérez Cecilia A. , Santos Fernanda , Trivedi Pankaj , Williams Mark A. , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnlike plants and vertebrates, the ecological preferences, and potential vulnerabilities of soil invertebrates to environmental change, remain poorly understood in terrestrial ecosystems globally. We conducted a cross‐biome survey including 83 locations across six continents to advance our understanding of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity of dominant and functionally important soil invertebrate taxa, including nematodes, arachnids and rotifers. The diversity of invertebrates was analyzed through amplicon sequencing. Vegetation and climate drove the diversity and dominant taxa of soil invertebrates. Our results suggest that declines in forest cover and plant diversity, and reductions in plant production associated with increases in aridity, can result in reductions of the diversity of soil invertebrates in a drier and more managed world. We further developed global atlases of the diversity of these important soil invertebrates, which were cross‐validated using an independent database. Our study advances the current knowledge of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity and presence of functionally important soil invertebrates in soils from across the globe. This information is fundamental for improving and prioritizing conservation efforts of soil genetic resources and management policies.
Historical changes in the stomatal limitation of photosynthesis: empirical support for an optimality principle
Authors: Lavergne Aliénor , Voelker Steve , Csank Adam , Graven Heather , de Boer Hugo J. , Daux Valérie , Robertson Iain , Dorado‐Liñán Isabel , Martínez‐Sancho Elisabet , Battipaglia Giovanna , Bloomfield Keith J. , Still Christopher J. , Meinzer Frederick C. , Dawson Todd E. , Julio Camarero J. , Clisby Rory , Fang Yunting , Menzel Annette , Keen Rachel M. , Roden John S. , Prentice I. Colin 
Published: November 2019

Summary

The ratio of leaf internal (ci) to ambient (ca) partial pressure of CO2, defined here as χ, is an index of adjustments in both leaf stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate to environmental conditions. Measurements and proxies of this ratio can be used to constrain vegetation model uncertainties for predicting terrestrial carbon uptake and water use.

We test a theory based on the least‐cost optimality hypothesis for modelling historical changes in χ over the 1951–2014 period, across different tree species and environmental conditions, as reconstructed from stable carbon isotopic measurements across a global network of 103 absolutely dated tree‐ring chronologies. The theory predicts optimal χ as a function of air temperature, vapour pressure deficit, ca and atmospheric pressure.

The theoretical model predicts 39% of the variance in χ values across sites and years, but underestimates the intersite variability in the reconstructed χ trends, resulting in only 8% of the variance in χ trends across years explained by the model.

Overall, our results support theoretical predictions that variations in χ are tightly regulated by the four environmental drivers. They also suggest that explicitly accounting for the effects of plant‐available soil water and other site‐specific characteristics might improve the predictions.
Liver stiffness correlates with serum osteopontin and TAZ expression in human liver cirrhosis
Authors: Khajehahmadi Zohreh , Mohagheghi Sina , Nikeghbalian Saman , Geramizadeh Bita , Khodadadi Iraj , Karimi Jamshid , Tavilani Heidar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe pivotal role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as both a cause and consequence of liver fibrosis is striking. However, mechanotransducer molecules and profibrogenic factors induced by liver stiffness are still unclear. The current study aimed to investigate liver stiffness and its correlation with the expression of the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ) and serum osteopontin (OPN) in human cirrhosis. In this case−control study, liver tissue stiffness was determined using atomic force microscopy in cirrhotic livers (n = 38) of different etiologies and in controls (n = 10). Immunohistochemical and qRT‐PCR analyses were performed to analyze TAZ expression. Besides, western blotting and ELISA were performed to assess liver Indian hedgehog and serum OPN levels, respectively. Liver stiffness, TAZ expression, and hepatic gene expression and serum protein levels of OPN were significantly increased in patients with cirrhosis compared with the control groups (all P < 0.001), specifically in autoimmune‐ and alcohol‐related cirrhosis. In cirrhotic patients, liver stiffness was significantly associated with the expression of nuclear TAZ and OPN. The correlation between matrix stiffness as a mechanical property, TAZ as a potential mechanotransducer, and OPN as a matricellular factor suggests possible effects of mechanical features of the ECM on the expression of the aforementioned profibrogenic markers, which is predominant in autoimmune‐ and alcohol‐related cirrhosis.