bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental realization of ultra-compact high-efficiency metasurface Luneburg lenses for microwave applications
Authors: Zhu Weiren , Li Jianping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Metasurfaces have shown the prospect of manipulating electromagnetic beams of various forms within a deeply subwavelength scale, which is especially useful in novel antennas designs and compact microwave devices or systems. In this paper, we present an ultra-compact, high-efficiency, and broadband metasurface Luneburg lens for full-angle operation at microwave frequencies. The design of the Luneburg lens is based on a holly parallel-plate-waveguide, where nonuniform circular holes are etched on the upper metallic plate. The gradient profile of the effective refractive index is achieved by varying the hole diameter. The high efficiency and broadband features of the proposed metasurface Luneburg lens are demonstrated numerically and experimentally. Owing to the symmetry of the Luneburg lens, such a lens is well suited for full-angle operation.
Estimation of molecular size of triglyceride in a variety of solvents by using the intrinsic viscosity technique: an important index for transesterification of triglyceride in homogenous system
Authors: Uemura Yoshimitsu , Sinnasami Ravin A/L , Trinh Thanh Hoai , Onoe Kaoru 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The effect of solvent type on the molecular size and intermolecular interaction of triglyceride was investigated by the intrinsic viscosity technique. Both the indices may be important for discussing and scrutinizing the behavior of homogeneous transesterification of triglyceride with alcohol since it was found that the co-solvent type influences both the transesterification rate and hydrodynamic size of triglyceride in a homogeneous system. Kinematic viscosity of palm oil dissolved in six different solvents was measured at 298 K by using glass capillary type viscometer to determine the intrinsic viscosity and Huggins constant. By plotting the intrinsic viscosity and Huggins constant against the seven physical properties of the solvents, the polarity of the solvent has been identified as the key factor for molecular size of triglyceride in solution. On the contrary, none of the seven physical properties showed good correlation with the Higgins constant. This may be attributed to more complex nature of the Huggins constant in comparison with the intrinsic viscosity.
The effect of drying temperatures and tannin-adhesive types on bending properties and shear strength of glued Eucalyptus pellita board
Authors: Yuniarti K , Santoso A , Pari R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Eucalyptus pellita is usually harvested at young age for pulp and paper production. Therefore, it’s wood quality needs to be improved when it is used for construction. One of which is through its conversion into laminated products. Nevertheless, several factors are assumed to influence the final quality of laminated products, i.e pre-drying temperatures used to prepare the samples and the adhesives types used. This paper aims to investigate the effect of both factors on the bending properties and shear strength of glued Eucalyptus pellita boards. The Pellita boards were exposed to 2 drying temperatures (50°C and 60°C) and further laminated by using 2 tannin-based adhesives (made from the mahogany and oil palm bark extracts). The results showed the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the glued boards with mahogany-tannin adhesives were, respectively, 33,333.15-39,160.15 kg/cm2 and 214.30-640.77 kg/cm2 higher than the boards laminated with the oil palm wood tannin adhesives. Nevertheless, the oil palm tannin adhesives improved the shear strength of laminated Pellita, approximately 15.06-16.45 kg/cm2 higher than the boards laminated with mahogany-tannin adhesives. A further statistical test showed the tannin-types used for adhesives, and not the drying temperatures, that significantly affected the investigated mechanical properties of glued Pellita boards.
Thermosensitive and chitosan of crab (Portunus pelagicus) shells gel based adsorbent for reversible adsorption-desorption of several toxic metal ions
Authors: Ningrum E O , Bagus A , Agustiani E , Ni’mah H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Indonesia experiences environmental pollution because of wastewater treatment problems. Such occurrence is affected by the heavy metal waste produced by the electroplating industry, one of them is ferrous and nickel. Thus, heavy metal waste needs to be regenerated through a method by using zwitterionic betaine gel. However, this method has weakness in the form of intra-intrachain associations which occurs and becomes the obstacle for the ionic group’s ions adsorption ability by the charge group interaction. The purpose of this research was to increase the adsorption ability of the gel by removing the intra-intrachain copolymers association through conducting a synthesis of both the anionic gel N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) copolymerized with acrylic acid (NIPAM-co-acrylic acid) and cationic gel (NIPAM-co-chitosan), separately. The synthesis of the gels was conducted through a polymerization reaction using accelerator in the form of N, N, N’, N’-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED), an initiator ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS) and a cross-linker in the form of N, N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA). In this research, the metal ions adsorption by pH-thermosensitive gel was conducted in various pH and weight balance between NIPAM-co- anionic and NIPAM-co-cationic gel provided. The effects of the temperature and the conditions provided in the gel preparation were also investigated, including the effect of monomer concentration on the metal ions adsorption on the gel. The gel adsorption behavior is discussed by considering the swelling degree of the gel as well as the transition temperature of poly(NIPAM-co-chitosan) and poly(NIPAM-co-acrylic acid). According to the results of FTIR analysis, the vinyl group peak of the copolymer gel decreased compared with that of its constituent monomers, thus the copolymers synthesis was successful. Meanwhile, based on the swelling degree test using the electroplating waste solution, the higher the solution’s temperature, the lower the gel’s swelling degree. In addition, the higher synthesis temperature also caused the occurrence of gel porous. The adsorption ability of the gels that have positive and negative charge groups synthesized separately is better than zwitterionic gels. The gel can adsorb more heavy metal ions at higher adsorption temperatures.
Characterization of non-oxygenates hydrocarbon product from the catalytic pyrolysis of rice straw
Authors: Mufarrid Sabiq , Lesmono Angela , Mei Jessica , Subakti Felix , Setiadi  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The usage of fossil fuel as petrochemical feedstock becomes problems due to the depletion of its supply coupled with the issue of global warming and air pollution, thus a new alternative is needed. Lignocellulose biomass can be converted into hydrocarbons for the petrochemical industry’s feedstock through pyrolysis process, which is a thermal decomposition of biomass in an oxygen-free condition. The materials used in this experimental study consist of rice straw as the main feedstock, ZSM-5 as the catalyst. Rice straw is lignocellulose biomass that has the potential in Indonesia because of its abundant supply in many locations. Biomass catalytic pyrolysis was carried out using a fixed bed reactor with the varied ratios of ZSM-5 and biomass mixture and the products in the form of gaseous phase come out from the bottom of the reactor by flowing it into a glass test tube with a diameter of 2.5 cm. Pyrolysis process was carried out at temperature variations of 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C in a nitrogen gas flowing condition of 10-20 ml/minute. To detect the non-oxygenate hydrocarbon products, the sampling of the gas product was done by taken it using the glass syringe in the reactor bottom. The gas analysis was performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and the calibration curve was then prepared to quantify the results by GC-MS analysis for various pyrolysis vapor compounds with their respective peak areas. With the variation of pyrolysis temperature, this study shows that the olefin group produced in catalytic pyrolysis neither does the conventional pyrolysis. But the pyrolysis produced the paraffin group in any type of pyrolysis condition process. This study also found that olefin group production was decreased in the longer time of stream reaction, while the aromatic group was increased. Generally, the amount of aromatic compound formation depends on catalyst ratio.
Simulation of livestock biomass resource recycling and energy utilization model based on dry type methane fermentation system
Authors: Kimura Yoshiaki , Suzuki Takeshi , Yaasui Seiichi , Ishii Kota , Kaziyama Tsutomu , Oishi Kazato , Ogino Akifumi , Hinata Takahisa , Hirooka Hiroyuki , Osada Takashi , Fujita Haruhiro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the local livestock biomass volume for dairy farms in Town A, located in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, and at presenting a model of a biogas plant that enables maximizing the use of the available livestock biomass. Using a dairy farm with 250 animals in Town A as a model for a biogas plant based on dry-type methane fermentation system (dry-type biogas plant), we set the operational conditions to an average hydraulic retention time of 20 days, digestion temperature of 55°C, and methane gas yield of 0.12 Nm3 CH4/kg VSA. We compared the biogas production of our presented model with that of a wet-type biogas plant with the same number of animals. The results showed that the dry-type biogas plant produced biogas at 859 Nm3/day, while the wet-type biogas plant produced biogas at 666 Nm3/day. These results indicate that introducing dry-type biogas plants in all dairy farms in Town A would potentially enable semi-solid livestock manure to be processed, which is not amenable to ordinary composting, in addition to the conventional processes being carried out through biogas plants, as well as lead to an increase in the amount of biogas production.
The effects of magnesium sulphate addition into foaming agents resulted from palm oil fatty acid saponification in the performance of peat fire suppression
Authors: Subekti P , Hambali E , Suryani A , Suryadarma P , Saharjo B H , Rivai M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The utilization of foaming agents resulted from the saponification of palm oil fatty acids as foam concentrate on peat fire suppression leads to less water use and a shorter time compared to the use of peat water only. The development of foaming agents for a peat fire extinguisher, including the addition of 0.2% magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), was further conducted in order to improve the performance of the liquid foam. This study aims to determine the performance of the developed foaming agent (FAP-MS) applied in peat fire suppression. In order to assess the performance of FAP-MS, two controls namely palm fatty acid-based foaming agent without the addition of magnesium sulfate (FAP) and peat water with no mixture of foaming agents were used. Results showed that the durability of foam produced from the peat water solution mixed with FAP-MS was lower than the foam produced from the peat water solution mixed with FAP. The addition of FAP-MS into peat water solution was found to reduce the use of water by 27% and the addition of FAP reduced it further by 35%. However, compared to peat water with no foaming agent addition, FAP-MS and FAP additions were able to suppression peat fires faster by 79% and 65%, respectively.
The effect of sodium carbonate and saccharides on mono-diacylglycerol (M-DAG) purification
Authors: Setyaningsih Dwi , Warsiki Endang , Ulfa Sonia Fitria , Muna Neli 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Mono-diacylglycerol (M-DAG) in this research was produced from the esterification reaction of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) and glycerol. Crude M-DAG from esterification had low purity, due to the remaining free fatty acids, glycerol and triglycerides. Thus, purification with saponification to remove free fatty acids, solvent extractionand crystallization to separate M-DAG from triglycerides was needed. This study aimed to determine the best sodium carbonate (NaHCO3) concentration (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%) in saponification reaction and to investigate the effect of saccharides (glucose, GOS, and maltodextrin) addition as a seed in M-DAG crystallization. The best sodium carbonate concentration was 10% (w/w) with the yield of 49.33%, 20.47% FFA content, 0.8% ash, pH 7.28, 69.6% emulsion stability, 0.29% total glycerol, and 0.03% free glycerol. Crystallization with glucose produced the yield of 34.21%, 15.69% FFA, 1.02% ash, 11.02% water content, pH 7.1, 87.82% emulsion stability, 0.35% total glycerol and 0.04% free glycerol. However, addition of saccharides had no significant effect on the quality of pure M-DAG.
Effect of microwave irradiation on the etherification of biodiesel-derived glycerol in a solvent free process
Authors: Ayoub Muhammad , Yusoff Mohd Hizami Mohd , Yusup Suzana Bt , Danish Mohammed , Ullah Sami , Farrukh Sarah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study revolves mainly about the effect of etherification of glycerol to polyglycerols using a heterogeneous catalyst under microwave radiation. Microwave radiation serves as a purpose to shorten the reaction time of the procedure. Cerium Nitrate and Lithium Nitrate was used to modify montmorillonite K-10 clay (MK-10) which was then used to catalyze the etherification process. They were several reaction parameters that were observed for this study which were: catalyst concentration and reaction time. The parameter that played a vital role was the catalyst concentration which affected the percentage conversion of glycerol, selectivity of pentaglycerols, selectivity of cyclic diglycerols and undesired cyclic diglycerols. It was observed that with a high temperature and high reaction time, the amount of undesired cyclic glycerol was increased. Optimum amount of catalyst conversion promoted higher amount of desired cyclic glycerol. Longer reaction time is needed to produce higher yield and selectivity. The production of undesired cyclic diglycerol can be removed with the help of vacuum distillation. The highest glycerol conversion was found of 94% with highest yield of desired products of 70% polyglycerol at 260 °C and 5 h of reaction time. The selectivity towards undesired high order polyglycerol was found 24% at same reaction conditions.
Fault location of power communication network based on dichotomy search algorithm
Authors: LiChao  , Youjun Hu , hao Zhang , Wenqiang Zhang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the quality degradation fault location of the power communication network, the focus of the power communication network quality degradation fault location is to reduce the test packet transmission and speed up the fault location time on the basis of accurate positioning. This paper first analyzes the traditional solar winds segment-by-segment detection and related research, which has a long positioning time, a large number of packets, and the continuous crowding of communication resources at the normal communication link during the test. In this paper, binary search algorithm is applied in fault location, at the same time, source and destination nodes are orderedly exchanged during fault location. Finally, the advantages of this method in reducing positioning time, reducing the test case packets and resource crowding are verified through simulation and engineering practice.
Research on Prediction Model of Cable Line Cost Based on Least Square Support Vector Machine
Authors: Yu Bo , Gou Ruixin , Ju Xin , Wei Dongni 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
With the development of China’s economy and society, the total social electricity consumption has risen dramatically, and the investment scale of transmission and transformation projects has increased accordingly. Cable line engineering is a kind of power transmission and transformation engineering, which is buried deep underground, has complex construction conditions and high cost. Compared with substation engineering and overhead line engineering, its cost control is more difficult. In order to facilitate the fine management of cable line cost, this paper analyses the influencing factors of cable project cost based on grey relational analysis theory, uses principal component analysis method to reduce the dimension of influencing factors, and establishes a cable line cost prediction model based on least squares support vector machine method. It can guide the economic evaluation of investment decision of cable line project. The results show that the accuracy of the cost prediction model based on least squares support vector machine method can reach 95.06%. The research in this paper is innovative and practical.
Measuring China’s Energy and Power Development Based on Mathematical Models
Authors: Wu Hao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
From the spontaneous use of natural energy by humans to the conscious use of fossil energy after the industrial revolution and the energy use that is currently entering the stage of intelligence, energy plays an important role in promoting and promoting human progress and social development. Simultaneously, due to the massive development of fossil energy, serious ecological damage has been caused, and it has threatened human survival. Clean energy and low carbon have become the development strategies of all countries in the world. Based on the advantages of resources, China has formed a coal-based energy structure. While ensuring China’s social and economic development, energy has also produced serious pollution. In particular, carbon emissions have ranked first in the world for many years, accounting for 28% of the global total in 2018. The pressure to reduce emissions is huge, and energy transformation is imminent. This paper analyzes China’s energy status and challenges, predicts China’s energy development trends in 2030 based on numerical values, and quantifies the development space of various energy sources.
Research on DC Cross-regional Accommodation Model Based on Scene Analysis
Authors: Zhongming XIANG , Wenjin CHEN , Jun ZHANG , Bo WANG , Xu HE , Feng LI 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In order to cope with the impact of uncertainty of the renewable energy forecasting in two regions on the cross-regional accommodation of renewable energy, a DC cross-regional accommodation model based on scene analysis is established. Firstly, the ARMA model, scene reduction and scene combination concept are used to construct the scene set describing the uncertainty of the renewable energy forecasting in two regions. Then, the model is used to obtain the unit start-stop plan in two regions and the DC line transmission plan with the goal of smallest renewable energy power abandonment statistically. Finally, based on the measured data of renewable energy power generation, the unit power generation schedule with the goal of smallest renewable energy power abandonment in the actual operation of the power grid is obtained. The validity of the model is verified by a cross-regional system example of actual data reconstruction in a province.
Design and Modeling of Parallel Two-degree-of-freedom Variable Stiffness Actuator
Authors: Yang Shangkui , Chen Peng , Cao Yongzhan , Zhu Shuyun , Ge Zhuang , Liu Yuwang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a new 2-DOF variable stiffness actuator based on a 2-DOF spherical wrist parallel mechanism is proposed. A 2-DOF VSA based on a parallel ball wrist mechanism and a parallel arrangement of leaf spring sets is used. Control its stiffness adjustment, analysis its variable stiffness principle and actuator mechanical structure. The parallel arrangement of the leaf spring groups reduces the mass and volume of the joints, enabling simultaneous adjustment of the stiffness. The analytical formula of the rotational stiffness of the actuator is established according to the geometric nonlinearity of the large deflection of the leaf spring.
Remote status monitoring based on ESP8266 connected IoT cloud platform
Authors: Hu Haichen , Li Yinghao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper applies the Internet of Things cloud platform technology to traditional state monitoring. The method of accessing the cloud platform through the ESP8266 module is proposed. This method reduces the requirement of the longest connection distance of the intelligent monitoring connection mode, and improves the rapidity of remote monitoring, and improves the real-time and convenience of monitoring target monitoring as a whole.
NQI Status and Demand Analysis of Intelligent Electric Energy Meter Industry
Authors: Angang Zheng , Yinghui Xu , Huaiying Shang , Yan Liu , Wulei Zhang , Qi Zhang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Taking the opportunity of undertaking the project of “NQI Typical Demonstration Application” of the key research and development projects of the state, and taking the intelligent electric energy meter as the breakthrough point, the production and use process of intelligent electric energy meter in the whole life cycle is summarized as eight links: research and development design, material purchasing, production and manufacturing, factory supply, acceptance and inspection, storage and distribution, installation and operation, dismantling of scrap and so on, and the status of National Quality Infrastructure (NQI) in intelligent electric energy meter industry is carded out. At the same time, the paper summarizes the development needs of intelligent electric energy meter industry in measurement, standards, inspection, certification and accreditation, which provides guidance and basis for the construction of NQI in smart grid measurement field.
Methods for Measuring Permanent Deformation and Error Analysis of in-service Connecting Pieces of Narrow-gauge Mine Car
Authors: Bian Jianchao , Ma Yunlong , Zou Xiaoxu , Chen Fandong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
According to the analysis of the different methods for measuring set deformation volume, this paper finds out the reason of these errors. New method is applied in terms of the latest standard and based on which, a small frock is designed and manufactured, thus solving the measurement precision and instrument installation problems. Through further theoretical analysis, the various forms of the errors are displayed, and the errors are figured qualitatively. Deformation of calibration point is analyzed and verified by finite element software, and the results are in line with expectations. Measurements of decreasing the errors are taken, obtaining experience for such tests.
Simulation Analysis of Single Hole Steam Jet Noise
Authors: Xingsheng Lao , Yong Liu , Chunhui Dai , Jun Wu , Zhenxing Zhao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the low noise design level of the steam pipeline, the single-hole jet noise with a hole diameter of 10 mm was simulated and analyzed employing a DN125mm steam pipeline. The calculation results show that the in-tube injection has a distinct velocity potential nuclear region, and the vortex generated by the injection is changeas as the flow direction changes. The closer the nozzle is, the smaller the vortex volume at the nozzle is as well as the higher the radiation noise frequency is. The injection noise has obvious directivity. the closer the position is to the center line, the stronger the total sound pressure level is, and the farther the distance is, the total sound pressure level is relatively low.