bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPION‐Decorated Exosome Delivered BAY55‐9837 Targeting the Pancreas through Magnetism to Improve the Blood GLC Response
Authors: Zhuang Manjiao , Du Dan , Pu Lingling , Song Haixing , Deng Mian , Long Qian , Yin Xiaofei , Wang Yayu , Rao Lei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBAY55‐9837, a potential therapeutic peptide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is capable of inducing glucose (GLC)‐dependent insulin secretion. However, the therapeutic benefit of BAY55‐9837 is limited by its short half‐life, lack of targeting ability, and poor blood GLC response. How to improve the blood GLC response of BAY55‐9837 is an existing problem that needs to be solved. In this study, a method for preparing BAY55‐9837‐loaded exosomes coupled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIONs) with pancreas islet targeting activity and an enhanced blood GLC response with the help of an external magnetic force (MF) is demonstrated. The plasma half‐life of BAY55‐9837 loaded in exosome‐SPION is 27‐fold longer than that of BAY55‐9837. The active targeting property of SIPONs enables BAY‐exosomes to gain a favorable targeting property, which improves the BAY55‐9837 blood GLC response capacity with the help of an external MF. In vivo studies show that BAY‐loaded exosome‐based vehicle delivery enhances pancreas islet targeting under an external MF and markedly increases insulin secretion, thereby leading to the alleviation of hyperglycemia. The chronic administration of BAY‐exosome‐SPION/MF significantly improves glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profiles. BAY‐exosome‐SPION/MF maybe a promising candidate for a peptide drug carrier for T2DM with a better blood GLC response.
How to place your apps in the fog: State of the art and open challenges
Authors: Brogi Antonio , Forti Stefano , Guerrero Carlos , Lera Isaac 
Published: November 2019

SummaryFog computing aims at extending the cloud towards the Internet of things so to achieve improved quality of service and to empower latency‐sensitive and bandwidth‐hungry applications. The fog calls for novel models and algorithms to distribute multiservice applications in such a way that data processing occurs wherever it is best placed, based on both functional and nonfunctional requirements.This survey reviews the existing methodologies to solve the application placement problem in the fog, while pursuing three main objectives. First, it offers a comprehensive overview on the currently employed algorithms, on the availability of open‐source prototypes and on the size of test use cases. Second, it classifies the literature based on the application and fog infrastructure characteristics that are captured by available models, with a focus on the considered constraints and the optimized metrics. Finally, it identifies some open challenges in application placement in the fog.
Equivalent analytical modeling of adequate reinforcement noncontact lap splices under monotonic loads
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chen Yao , Feng Jian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLap splices constructional details are widely used for connecting prefabricated parts. They are usually located in regions where larger inelastic deformation capacity can be expected, such as the base of RC walls and beam‐column joints. An equivalent analytical model of adequate reinforcement noncontact lap splices is first proposed in this study. The noncontact lap spliced reinforcement is simplified as continuous reinforcement with variable diameter combined with the equivalent stress–strain law. The method allows for monotonic yield and degradation of tension and compression noncontact lap splices. Parametric analysis is further performed to investigate the influence of lap splices details on the bearing capacity and deformation capacity. Finally, five shear wall finite element models are established to verify the equivalent modeling method. The proposed method can more accurately reflect the deformation capacity and bearing capacity of the noncontact lap splices region.
Investigations on amplitude adaptive sequential friction‐spring dampers
Authors: Aramendiz Jimmy , Fidlin Alexander , Lei Kan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper presents two sequential friction‐spring damper configurations and develops numerical and analytical models, which describe the systems' behavior. The dampers rely on the non‐smooth characteristics of dry friction to quench unwanted oscillations and only dissipate energy once a preset breakaway force of the friction element is exceeded. Since no additional control is required and the dissipation is only present within a given frequency range, this passive amplitude adaptive dissipation contributes to a higher energy efficiency. The dampers' equations of motion are derived and implemented in a numerical model to gain the first insights into the dampers' behavior. These equations of motion are analyzed via averaging methods in combination with a modal decoupling for nonlinear systems, which lead to the dampers' analytical models. The results from both models are compared and show reasonable agreement within the validity range of asymptotic methods. This work proposes two friction based amplitude adaptive dampers and offers a starting point for future experimental validation.
Beyond toy models: distilling tensor networks in full AdS/CFT
Authors: Bao Ning , Penington Geoffrey , Sorce Jonathan , Wall Aron C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present a general procedure for constructing tensor networks that accurately reproduce holographic states in conformal field theories (CFTs). Given a state in a large-N CFT with a static, semiclassical gravitational dual, we build a tensor network by an iterative series of approximations that eliminate redundant degrees of freedom and minimize the bond dimensions of the resulting network. We argue that the bond dimensions of the tensor network will match the areas of the corresponding bulk surfaces. For “tree” tensor networks (i.e., those that are constructed by discretizing spacetime with non­ intersecting Ryu-Takayanagi surfaces), our arguments can be made rigorous using a version of one-shot entanglement distillation in the CFT. Using the known quantum error correcting properties of AdS/CFT, we show that bulk legs can be added to the tensor networks to create holographic quantum error correcting codes. These codes behave similarly to previous holographic tensor network toy models, but describe actual bulk excitations in continuum AdS/CFT. By assuming some natural generalizations of the “holographic entanglement of purification” conjecture, we are able to construct tensor networks for more general bulk discretizations, leading to finer-grained networks that partition the information content of a Ryu-Takayanagi surface into tensor-factorized subregions. While the granularity of such a tensor network must be set larger than the string/Planck scales, we expect that it can be chosen to lie well below the AdS scale. However, we also prove a no-go theorem which shows that the bulk-to-boundary maps cannot all be isometries in a tensor network with intersecting Ryu-Takayanagi surfaces.
Testing electroweak SUSY for muon g − 2 and dark matter at the LHC and beyond
Authors: Abdughani Murat , Hikasa Ken-ichi , Wu Lei , Yang Jin Min , Zhao Jun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Given that the LHC experiment has produced strong constraints on the colored supersymmetric particles (sparticles), testing the electroweak supersymmetry (EWSUSY) will be the next crucial task at the LHC. On the other hand, the light electroweakinos and sleptons in the EWSUSY can also contribute to the dark matter (DM) and low energy lepton observables. The precision measurements of them will provide the indirect evidence of SUSY. In this work, we confront the EWSUSY with the muon g − 2 anomaly, the DM relic density, the direct detection limits and the latest LHC Run-2 data. We find that the sneutrino DM or the neutralino DM with sizable higgsino component has been excluded by the direct detections. Then two viable scenarios are pinned down: one has the light compressed bino and sleptons but heavy higgsinos, and the other has the light compressed bino, winos and sleptons. In the former case, the LSP and slepton masses have to be smaller than about 350 GeV. While in the latter case, the LSP and slepton masses have to be smaller than about 700 GeV and 800 GeV, respectively. From investigating the observability of these sparticles in both scenarios at future colliders, it turns out that the HE-LHC with a luminosity of 15 ab−1 can exclude the whole BHL and most part of BWL scenarios at 2σ level. The precision measurement of the Higgs couplings at the lepton colliders could play a complementary role of probing the BWL scenario.
The complex life of hydrodynamic modes
Authors: Grozdanov Sašo , Kovtun Pavel K. , Starinets Andrei O. , Tadić Petar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We study analytic properties of the dispersion relations in classical hydrody- namics by treating them as Puiseux series in complex momentum. The radii of convergence of the series are determined by the critical points of the associated complex spectral curves. For theories that admit a dual gravitational description through holography, the critical points correspond to level-crossings in the quasinormal spectrum of the dual black hole. We illustrate these methods in N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in 3+1 dimensions, in a holographic model with broken translation symmetry in 2+1 dimensions, and in con- formal field theory in 1+1 dimensions. We comment on the pole-skipping phenomenon in thermal correlation functions, and show that it is not specific to energy density correlations.
Crossing invariant correlation functions at c = 1 from isomonodromic τ functions
Authors: Gavrylenko Pavlo , Santachiara Raoul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present an approach that gives rigorous construction of a class of crossing invariant functions in c = 1 CFTs from the weakly invariant distributions on the moduli space $$ {\mathcal{M}}_{0,4}^{\mathrm{SL}\left(s,\mathbb{C}\right)} $$

M

0
,
4

SL

s
ℂ

of SL(2, ℂ) flat connections on the sphere with four punctures. By using this approach we show how to obtain correlation functions in the Ashkin-Teller and the Runkel- Watts theory. Among the possible crossing-invariant theories, we obtain also the analytic Liouville theory, whose consistence was assumed only on the basis of numerical tests.
Aspects of AdS2 classification in M-theory: solutions with mesonic and baryonic charges
Authors: Hong Junho , Macpherson Niall T. , Pando Zayas Leopoldo A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We construct necessary and sufficient geometric conditions for a class of AdS2 solutions of M-theory with, at least, minimal supersymmetry to exist. We generalize previous results in the literature for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 0) supersymmetry in AdS2 to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0). When the solution can be locally described as AdS2× Σg× SE7 with Σg a Riemann surface of genus g and SE7 a seven-dimensional Sasaki-Einstein manifold, we clarify and unify various solutions present in the literature. In the case of SE7 = Q1,1,1 we find a new solution with baryonic and mesonic charges turned on simultaneously.
Unfolding measurement distributions via quantum annealing
Authors: Cormier Kyle , Sipio Riccardo Di , Wittek Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh-energy physics is replete with hard computational problems and it is one of the areas where quantum computing could be used to speed up calculations. We present an implementation of likelihood-based regularized unfolding on a quantum computer. The inverse problem is recast in terms of quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO), which has the same form of the Ising hamiltonian and hence it is solvable on a programmable quantum annealer. We tested the method using a model that captures the essence of the problem, and compared the results with a baseline method commonly used in precision measurements at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The unfolded distribution is in very good agreement with the original one. We also show how the method can be extended to include the effect of nuisance parameters representing sources of systematic uncertainties affecting the measurement.
Does boundary distinguish complexities?
Authors: Sato Yoshiki , Watanabe Kento 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recently, Chapman et al. argued that holographic complexities for defects distinguish action from volume. Motivated by their work, we study complexity of quantum states in conformal field theory with boundary. In generic two-dimensional BCFT, we work on the path-integral optimization which gives one of field-theoretic definitions for the complexity. We also perform holographic computations of the complexity in Takayanagi’s AdS/BCFT model following by the “complexity = volume” conjecture and “complexity = action” conjecture. We find that increments of the complexity due to the boundary show the same divergent structures in these models except for the CA complexity in the AdS3/BCFT2 model as the argument by Chapman et al. . Thus, we conclude that boundary does not distinguish the complexities in general.
Developing vaccines against epidemic-prone emerging infectious diseases
Authors: Bernasconi Valentina , Kristiansen Paul A. , Whelan Mike , Román Raúl Gómez , Bettis Alison , Yimer Solomon Abebe , Gurry Céline , Andersen Svein R. , Yeskey Debra , Mandi Henshaw , Kumar Arun , Holst Johan , Clark Carolyn , Cramer Jakob P. , Røttingen John-Arne , Hatchett Richard , Saville Melanie , Norheim Gunnstein 
Published: November 2019

AbstractToday’s world is characterized by increasing population density, human mobility, urbanization, and climate and ecological change. This global dynamic has various effects, including the increased appearance of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), which pose a growing threat to global health security.Outbreaks of EIDs, like the 2013–2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa or the current Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), have not only put populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) at risk in terms of morbidity and mortality, but they also have had a significant impact on economic growth in affected regions and beyond.The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (CEPI) is an innovative global partnership between public, private, philanthropic, and civil society organizations that was launched as the result of a consensus that a coordinated, international, and intergovernmental plan was needed to develop and deploy new vaccines to prevent future epidemics.CEPI is focusing on supporting candidate vaccines against the World Health Organization (WHO) Blueprint priority pathogens MERS-CoV, Nipah virus, Lassa fever virus, and Rift Valley fever virus, as well as Chikungunya virus, which is on the WHO watch list. The current vaccine portfolio contains a wide variety of technologies, ranging across recombinant viral vectors, nucleic acids, and recombinant proteins. To support and accelerate vaccine development, CEPI will also support science projects related to the development of biological standards and assays, animal models, epidemiological studies, and diagnostics, as well as build capacities for future clinical trials in risk-prone contexts.
Preventing foot ulceration in diabetes: systematic review and meta-analyses of RCT data
Authors: Crawford Fay , Nicolson Donald J. , Amanna Aparna E. , Martin Angela , Gupta Saket , Leese Graham P. , Heggie Robert , Chappell Francesca M. , McIntosh Heather H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Foot ulceration is a serious complication for people with diabetes that results in high levels of morbidity for individuals and significant costs for health and social care systems. Nineteen systematic reviews of preventative interventions have been published, but none provides a reliable numerical summary of treatment effects. The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence from RCTs and, where possible, conduct meta-analyses to make the best possible use of the currently available data.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs of preventative interventions for foot ulceration. OVID MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched to February 2019 and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to October 2018. RCTs of interventions to prevent foot ulcers in people with diabetes who were free from foot ulceration at trial entry were included. Two independent reviewers read the full-text articles and extracted data. The quality of trial reporting was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The primary outcome of foot ulceration was summarised using pooled relative risks in meta-analyses.

Results
Twenty-two RCTs of eight interventions were eligible for analysis. One trial of digital silicone devices (RR 0.07 [95% CI 0.01, 0.55]) and meta-analyses of dermal infrared thermometry (RR 0.41 [95% CI 0.19, 0.86]), complex interventions (RR 0.59 [95% CI 0.38, 0.90], and custom-made footwear and offloading insoles (RR 0.53 [95% CI 0.33, 0.85]) showed beneficial effects for these interventions.

Conclusions/interpretation
Four interventions were identified as being effective in preventing foot ulcers in people with diabetes, but uncertainty remains about what works and who is most likely to benefit.
Functional cytochrome P450 1A enzymes are induced in mouse and human islets following pollutant exposure
Authors: Ibrahim Muna , MacFarlane Erin M. , Matteo Geronimo , Hoyeck Myriam P. , Rick Kayleigh R. C. , Farokhi Salar , Copley Catherine M. , O’Dwyer Shannon , Bruin Jennifer E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims/hypothesisExposure to environmental pollution has been consistently linked to diabetes incidence in humans, but the potential causative mechanisms remain unclear. Given the critical role of regulated insulin secretion in maintaining glucose homeostasis, environmental chemicals that reach the endocrine pancreas and cause beta cell injury are of particular concern. We propose that cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, which are involved in metabolising xenobiotics, could serve as a useful biomarker for direct exposure of islets to pollutants. Moreover, functional CYP enzymes in islets could also impact beta cell physiology. The aim of this study was to determine whether CYP1A enzymes are activated in islets following direct or systemic exposure to environmental pollutants.MethodsImmortalised liver (HepG2) and rodent pancreatic endocrine cell lines (MIN6, βTC-6, INS1, α-TC1, α-TC3), as well as human islets, were treated in vitro with known CYP1A inducers 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC).In addition, mice were injected with either a single high dose of TCDD or multiple low doses of TCDD in vivo,and islets were isolated 1, 7 or 14 days later.ResultsCYP1A enzymes were not activated in any of the immortalised beta or alpha cell lines tested. However, both 3-MC and TCDD potently inducedCYP1A1gene expression and modestly increased CYP1A1 enzyme activity in human islets after 48 h. The induction ofCYP1A1in human islets by TCDD was prevented by cotreatment with a cytokine mixture. After a systemic single high-dose TCDD injection, CYP1A1 enzyme activity was induced in mouse islets ~2-fold, ~40-fold and ~80-fold compared with controls after 1, 7 and 14 days, respectively, in vivo. Multiple low-dose TCDD exposure in vivo also caused significant upregulation ofCyp1a1in mouse islets. Direct TCDD exposure to human and mouse islets in vitro resulted in suppressed glucose-induced insulin secretion. A single high-dose TCDD injection resulted in lower plasma insulin levels, as well as a pronounced increase in beta cell death.Conclusions/interpretationTransient exposure to TCDD results in long-term upregulation of CYP1A1 enzyme activity in islets. This provides evidence for direct exposure of islets to lipophilic pollutants in vivo and may have implications for islet physiology.
Historic development of heavy metal contamination into the Firth of Thames, New Zealand
Authors: Boehnert S. , Ruiz Soto S. , Fox B. R. S. , Yokoyama Y. , Hebbeln D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNear-coastal marine sediments often provide high-resolution records of various anthropogenic influences such as the release of heavy metals, which pose a potentially negative influence on aquatic ecosystems because of their toxicity and persistence. In places, the gradual onset of man-made heavy metal emission dates back to ~ 4500 years BP and is difficult to distinguish from potential natural sources. New Zealand offers a perfect setting for studies on anthropogenic impact due to its well-defined three-step development: pre-human era (until ~ 1300 CE), Polynesian era (~ 1300–1800 CE) and European era (since ~ 1840 CE). However, hardly any information exists about the degree of heavy metal input to New Zealand’s coastal areas and the ‘pristine’ natural background values. This study determines the natural background contents of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in marine sediments of the Firth of Thames, a shallow marine embayment on New Zealand’s North Island, and investigates anthropogenic inputs in historic times. Eight sediment cores were analysed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for their element composition and temporally resolved by a pollen and radiocarbon-based stratigraphic framework. Sharp increases in Pb and Zn contents occurred simultaneously with the onset of goldmining activities (1867 CE) in the nearby catchment area. The contents of Zn (Pb) increase from very stable values around 60 (13) ppm in the older sediments, interpreted to reflect the natural background values, to an average maximum of 160 (60) ppm near the core top, interpreted to reflect a significant anthropogenic input. These findings unravel the history of contamination in the Firth of Thames and provide an urgently needed database for the assessment of its current ecological state.
Exercise tolerance during flat over-ground intermittent running: modelling the expenditure and reconstitution kinetics of work done above critical power
Authors: Vassallo Christian , Gray Adrian , Cummins Cloe , Murphy Aron , Waldron Mark 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
We compared a new locomotor-specific model to track the expenditure and reconstitution of work done above critical power (W´) and balance of W´ (W´BAL) by modelling flat over-ground power during exhaustive intermittent running.

Method
Nine male participants completed a ramp test, 3-min all-out test and the 30–15 intermittent fitness test (30–15 IFT), and performed a severe-intensity constant work-rate trial (SCWR) at the maximum oxygen uptake velocity (vV̇O2max). Four intermittent trials followed: 60-s at vV̇O2max + 50% Δ1 (Δ1 = vV̇O2max − critical velocity [VCrit]) interspersed by 30-s in light (SL; 40% vV̇O2max), moderate (SM; 90% gas-exchange threshold velocity [VGET]), heavy (SH; VGET + 50% Δ2 [Δ2 = VCrit − VGET]), or severe (SS; vV̇O2max − 50% Δ1) domains. Data from Global Positioning Systems were derived to model over-ground power. The difference between critical and recovery power (DCP), time constant for reconstitution of W´ ($$\tau_{{W^{\prime}}}$$τW′), time to limit of tolerance (TLIM), and W´BAL from the integral (W´BALint), differential (W´BALdiff), and locomotor-specific (OG-W´BAL) methods were compared.

Results
The relationship between $$\tau_{{W^{\prime}}}$$τW′ and DCP was exponential (r2 = 0.52). The $$\tau_{{W^{{\prime}}}}$$τW′ for SL, SM, and SH trials were 119 ± 32-s, 190 ± 45-s, and 336 ± 77-s, respectively. Actual TLIM in the 30–15 IFT (968 ± 117-s) compared closely to TLIM predicted by OG-W´BAL (929 ± 94-s, P > 0.100) and W´BALdiff (938 ± 84-s, P > 0.100) but not to W´BALint (848 ± 91-s, P = 0.001).

Conclusion
The OG-W´BAL accurately tracked W´ kinetics during intermittent running to exhaustion on flat surfaces.