bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards an understanding of RNA structural modalities: a riboswitch case study
Authors: Yoon Hee Rhang , Coria Aaztli , Laederach Alain , Heitsch Christine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A riboswitch is a type of RNA molecule that regulates important biological functions by changing structure, typically under ligand-binding. We assess the extent that these ligand-bound structural alternatives are present in the Boltzmann sample, a standard RNA secondary structure prediction method, for three riboswitch test cases. We use the cluster analysis tool RNAStructProfiling to characterize the different modalities present among the suboptimal structures sampled. We compare these modalities to the putative base pairing models obtained from independent experiments using NMR or fluorescence spectroscopy. We find, somewhat unexpectedly, that profiling the Boltzmann sample captures evidence of ligand-bound conformations for two of three riboswitches studied. Moreover, this agreement between predicted modalities and experimental models is consistent with the classification of riboswitches into thermodynamic versus kinetic regulatory mechanisms. Our results support cluster analysis of Boltzmann samples by RNAStructProfiling as a possible basis for de novo identification of thermodynamic riboswitches, while highlighting the challenges for kinetic ones.
Kähler metrics via Lorentzian Geometry in dimension four
Authors: Aazami Amir Babak , Maschler Gideon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGiven a semi-Riemannian 4-manifold (M, g) with two distinguished vector fields satisfying properties determined by their shear, twist and various Lie bracket relations, a family of Kähler metrics gK is constructed, defined on an open set in M, which coincides with M in many typical examples. Under certain conditions g and gK share various properties, such as a Killing vector field or a vector field with a geodesic flow. In some cases the Kähler metrics are complete. The Ricci and scalar curvatures of gK are computed under certain assumptions in terms of data associated to g. Many examples are described, including classical spacetimes in warped products, for instance de Sitter spacetime, as well as gravitational plane waves, metrics of Petrov type D such as Kerr and NUT metrics, and metrics for which gK is an SKR metric. For the latter an inverse ansatz is described, constructing g from the SKR metric.
The Role of Languaging in Human Evolution
Authors: Raimondi Vincenzo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe notion of languaging provides a new understanding of the intimate relationship between sociality and language. In this paper, I address the evolutionary emergence of language by subscribing to the autopoietic theory of natural drift (Maturana and Varela 1987; Varela et al. 1993; Maturana and Mpdozis 2000) I show that this systemic approach to evolution can offer the ideal epistemological background to evaluate the role of languaging throughout hominization. The central idea is that the languaging-based way of living acted as an attractor for the evolutionary process. This claim relies on three interrelated assumptions: 1) behavioral and relational habits may channel the course of genetic and structural change; 2) recursive coordination and specific forms of sociality set the systemic conditions forcoexistence-through-languagingto be conserved over generations; 3) the conservation of these systemic conditions gives rise to a spiraling, positive-feedback process that involves body, cognition, and culture.
Cellulose nanocrystals/silver nanoparticles: in-situ preparation and application in PVA films
Authors: Fan Li , Zhang Hui , Gao Mengxi , Zhang Meng , Liu Pengtao , Liu Xinliang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With the increasing application of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films in the field of food packaging, it is important to improve its mechanical and antibacterial properties. This paper focuses on the preparation of PVA nanocomposite films and how their properties are affected by a silver-loaded nanocellulose solution. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were used as both the carrier and the dispersant of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared using glucose as the reducing agent. Ag+ was stabilized by the many hydroxyl groups located in the CNCs, and then the Ag+ was reduced to AgNPs in situ. After addition of silver-loaded nanocellulose, the tensile strength of the CNC-PVA-AgNP films increased from 47 MPa to 73 MPa, and the nanocomposite films displayed reduced moisture absorption and good antibacterial properties.
Investigating tool engagement in groundwood pulping: finite element modelling and in-situ observations at the microscale
Authors: Carlsson Jenny , Heldin Magnus , Isaksson Per , Wiklund Urban 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With industrial groundwood pulping processes relying on carefully designed grit surfaces being developed for commercial use, it is increasingly important to understand the mechanisms occurring in the contact between wood and tool. We present a methodology to experimentally and numerically analyse the effect of different tool geometries on the groundwood pulping defibration process. Using a combination of high-resolution experimental and numerical methods, including finite element (FE) models, digital volume correlation (DVC) of synchrotron radiation-based X-ray computed tomography (CT) of initial grinding and lab-scale grinding experiments, this paper aims to study such mechanisms. Three different asperity geometries were studied in FE simulations and in grinding of wood from Norway spruce. We found a good correlation between strains obtained from FE models and strains calculated using DVC from stacks of CT images of initial grinding. We also correlate the strains obtained from numerical models to the integrity of the separated fibres in lab-scale grinding experiments. In conclusion, we found that, by modifying the asperity geometries, it is, to some extent, possible to control the underlying mechanisms, enabling development of better tools in terms of efficiency, quality of the fibres and stability of the groundwood pulping process.
Relationships between personality and the everyday use of humor
Authors: Nezlek John B. , Derks Peter L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEach day for two weeks participants described how often they had used four types of humor that day: affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating humor. Participants also completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ), the Coping with Humor scale (CHS), a measure of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality, and the Rosenberg Self-esteem scale (RSE). A series of multilevel analyses (days nested within persons) found that Extraversion was positively related to the frequency of use of all four types of humor, whereas the other factors of the FFM were not related to daily humor use when they were included in analyses with Extraversion. Controlling for the factors of the FFM, self-esteem was negatively related to the daily use of aggressive and self-defeating humor, whereas Coping with Humor was positively related to the daily use of aggressive and self-defeating humor. Although relationships between our measures of the daily use of humor and the FFM, CHS, and RSE were similar to relationships between the HSQ and these measures, there were enough differences to suggest that our daily measures of humor provided insights into the use of humor that complemented and extended the insights provided by dispositional measures such as the HSQ.
The Fall of Cassius Dio’s Roman Republic
Authors: Lindholmer Mads Ortving 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis article reinterprets Dio’s view of the fall of the Republic by arguing that Dio viewed institutional political competition, rather than ambitious individuals, as the central destructive driving force in the Late Republic. Dio’s interpretation is hereby unique among ancient historiography. This interpretation has been skilfully interwoven in the general narrative and only by reading Book 39 as a whole, does the interpretation emerge. According to Dio, institutional competition became inherently destructive in the Late Republic and Book 39 is absolutely fundamental in understanding this transformation and the consequent failure of the Roman δημοκρατία.
Was Pontius Pilate a Single-Handed Prefect? Roman Intelligence Sources as a Missing Link in the Gospels’ Story
Authors: Bermejo-Rubio Fernando 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe portrayal of Pontius Pilate as a single-handed prefect is one of the many incongruous and implausible elements found in the Gospel accounts of Jesus of Nazareth’s passion. Moreover, a striking imbalance in these accounts emerges: whilst Romans appear only at the last phase of the story, earlier the only people plotting against Jesus are Jews. There is every indication that some key information has been dropped. The present paper, after taking into account the traces of anti-Roman aspects in Jesus’ career, surveys what is known about theconsiliaof Roman provincial governors and the sources of information available to them, and, for the first time, applies this knowledge to a critical reconstruction of the story underlying the Gospels, thereby providing a missing link to understand it.
Iterative optimization of photonic crystal nanocavity designs by using deep neural networks
Authors: Asano Takashi , Noda Susumu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Devices based on two-dimensional photonic-crystal nanocavities, which are defined by their air hole patterns, usually require a high quality (Q) factor to achieve high performance. We demonstrate that hole patterns with very high Q factors can be efficiently found by the iteration procedure consisting of machine learning of the relation between the hole pattern and the corresponding Q factor and new dataset generation based on the regression function obtained by machine learning. First, a dataset comprising randomly generated cavity structures and their first principles Q factors is prepared. Then a deep neural network is trained using the initial dataset to obtain a regression function that approximately predicts the Q factors from the structural parameters. Several candidates for higher Q factors are chosen by searching the parameter space using the regression function. After adding these new structures and their first principles Q factors to the training dataset, the above process is repeated. As an example, a standard silicon-based L3 cavity is optimized by this method. A cavity design with a high Q factor exceeding 11 million is found within 101 iteration steps and a total of 8070 cavity structures. This theoretical Q factor is more than twice the previously reported record values of the cavity designs detected by the evolutionary algorithm and the leaky mode visualization method. It is found that structures with higher Q factors can be detected within less iteration steps by exploring not only the parameter space near the present highest-Q structure but also that distant from the present dataset.
The Security and Justice Approach in Liberia’s Peace Process: Mechanistic Evidence and Local Perception
Authors: Leib Julia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
From the international perspective, the peace process in Liberia has generally been described as a successful model for international peacebuilding interventions. But how do Liberians perceive the peace process in their country? The aim of this paper is to complement an institutionalist approach looking at the security and justice mechanism in Liberia with some insights into local perceptions in order to answer the following question: how do Liberians perceive the peace process in their country and which institutions have been supportive for the establishment of sustaining peace? After briefly introducing the background of the Liberian conflict and the data collection, I present first results, analyzing the mechanism linking two peacebuilding institutions (peacekeeping and transitional justice) with the establishment of sustaining peace in Liberia.
A wavelet-based variance ratio unit root test for a system of equations
Authors: Ali Abdul Aziz , Månsson Kristofer , Shukur Ghazi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we suggest a unit root test for a system of equations using a spectral variance decomposition method based on the Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform. We obtain the limiting distribution of the test statistic and study its small sample properties using Monte Carlo simulations. We find that, for multiple time series of small lengths, the wavelet-based method is robust to size distortions in the presence of cross-sectional dependence. The wavelet-based test is also more powerful than the Cross-sectionally Augmented Im et al. unit root test (Pesaran, M. H. 2007. “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-section Dependence.” Journal of Applied Econometrics 22 (2): 265–312.) for time series with between 20 and 100 observations, using systems of 5 and 10 equations. We demonstrate the usefulness of the test through an application on evaluating the Purchasing Power Parity theory for the Group of 7 countries and find support for the theory, whereas the test by Pesaran (Pesaran, M. H. 2007. “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-section Dependence.” Journal of Applied Econometrics 22 (2): 265–312.) finds no such support.
The Effects of Population Tuning and Trial-by-Trial Variability on Information Encoding and Behavior
Authors: Nogueira Ramon , Peltier Nicole E. , Anzai Akiyuki , DeAngelis Gregory C. , Martínez-Trujillo Julio , Moreno-Bote Rubén 
Published: November 2019

Identifying the features of population responses that are relevant to the amount of information encoded by neuronal populations is a crucial step toward understanding population coding. Statistical features, such as tuning properties, individual and shared response variability, and global activity modulations, could all affect the amount of information encoded and modulate behavioral performance. We show that two features in particular affect information: the modulation of population responses across conditions (population signal) and the inverse population covariability along the modulation axis (projected precision). We demonstrate that fluctuations of these two quantities are correlated with fluctuations of behavioral performance in various tasks and brain regions consistently across 4 monkeys (1 female and 1 maleMacaca mulatta; and 2 maleMacaca fascicularis). In contrast, fluctuations in mean correlations among neurons and global activity have negligible or inconsistent effects on the amount of information encoded and behavioral performance. We also show that differential correlations reduce the amount of information encoded in finite populations by reducing projected precision. Our results are consistent with predictions of a model that optimally decodes population responses to produce behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe last two or three decades of research have seen hot debates about what features of population tuning and trial-by-trial variability influence the information carried by a population of neurons, with some camps arguing, for instance, that mean pairwise correlations or global fluctuations are important while other camps report opposite results. In this study, we identify the most important features of neural population responses that determine the amount of encoded information and behavioral performance by combining analytic calculations with a novel nonparametric method that allows us to isolate the effects of different statistical features. We tested our hypothesis on 4 macaques, three decision-making tasks, and two brain areas. The predictions of our theory were in agreement with the experimental data.
La representación en la resolución de problemas matemáticos: un análisis de estrategias metacognitivas de estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Arteaga-Martínez Blanca , Macías Jesús , Pizarro Noemí 
Published: November 2019

El artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar la importancia de la resolución de problemas verbales de matemáticas y la regulación metacognitiva durante aquella. Por ello, queremos sensibilizar a docentes de educación secundaria respecto al uso de dicha resolución, como recurso exploratorio de las estrategias metacognitivas que el estudiante pone en funcionamiento y que pueden servirle de información para adecuar la metodología del aula, tanto de forma individual como colectiva. Con el afán de conseguirlo, aportamos un marco teórico centrado en el uso y la utilidad de la resolución de problemas como recurso didáctico, se presta especial atención a las representaciones que los estudiantes emplean durante esa resolución, la cual resulta un elemento facilitador de la comprensión. La investigación cuasi-experimental se ha desarrollado con una muestra no aleatoria de 99 estudiantes del primer y tercer curso de educación secundaria, al resolver problemas de forma guiada, centra los contenidos en el manejo numérico y geométrico. Los resultados evidencian distinciones en las estrategias metacognitivas aplicadas por los alumnos durante la resolución en ambos tipos de problemas, por lo que nos planteamos que la mediación del docente debe diferenciarse, a partir del bloque de contenido matemático con el que se esté trabajando.
Páneurópai regiszter: a Helicobacter pylori-fertőzés kezelése. Ferencvárosi adatok, 2013–2019
Authors: Buzás György Miklós , Nyssen Olga P. , Mégraud Francis , O’Morain Colm , Gisbert Javier P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract: Introduction: The Pan-European Registry on Helicobacter pylori management was conceived in 2013 to monitor eradication practices in Europe for 10 years. Aim: To assess the efficacy of different eradication regimens in a single outpatient clinic of gastroenterology. Method: Between 2013 and 2019, 247 patients were registered in a prospective non-interventional study. The infection was diagnosed either by endoscopy, histology, rapid urease test or 13C-urea breath test. As first-line treatment, the patients received either a 7-day triple regimen (any of PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin or tinidazole), 10-day modified sequential treatment (PPI + amoxicillin for 5 days + tinidazole and levofloxacin for 5 days), 10-day quadruple concomitant treatment (PPI + amoxicillin + tetracycline or doxycycline + metronidazole or tinidazole) or bismuth-based quadruple treatment. Bismuth or non-bismuth based quadruple or alternative regimens were given as second- or third-line treatment. Results: The eradication rates on per protocol basis were: 82.7% (95% confidence interval: 68.1–97.4) (first-line regimens), 85.2% (75.4–94.9) (sequential treatment), 95.1% (89.6–100) (concomitant treatment) and 82.6% (69.7–95.9) (bismuth-based quadruple regimen). Second-line regimens achieved 65.2% (48.2–83.0) and third-line therapy 54.5% (19.4–86.6), respectively. Conclusion: The first-line concomitant regimen was superior to triple and not significantly better than the sequential or bismuth-based treatment. Second- and third-line regimens achieved largely suboptimal results. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(47): 1856–1863.
A józsefvárosi „TÁMASZ” Addiktológiai Gondozóban kezelt és 2001–2018-ban elhunyt betegek haláloki adatainak vizsgálata
Authors: Kalapos Miklós Péter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract: Introduction: The analysis of the mortality data of patients is important. Aim: Examination of data from patients treated in the Addictological Out-patient Clinic in Józsefváros and deceased between 2001 and 2018. Method: Patients’ data originated from medical records. The national and Budapest data were from the publications of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Results: The age of patients was 52.85 ± 11.81 years for women and 51.99 ± 12.47 years for men. Two-thirds, regardless of gender, were alcoholic. There were many violent deaths. A new phenomenon was the high number of drug- and murder-associated deaths. The former group was dominated by men. The latter group showed female dominance. The completed suicide rate was 14.6%. Suicide attempts occurred in 22.4% of patients. The majority of patients were skilled workers. Conclusion: Data support the view that addict patients die earlier. Leading deaths, unlike previous investigations, were violent deaths. The rate of suicide was higher than the national rate, but it was the same as previously reported, indicating a high risk of this population. Gender differences were observed with regard to violent death, requiring further elucidation. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(47): 1864–1871.
A diabetes, a stressz és az alvásproblémák kapcsolata a Hungarostudy 2013 kutatás adatainak fényében
Authors: Vincze Ágnes , Kertész Laura , Czeglédi Edit 
Published: November 2019

Abstract: Introduction: The problem of diabetes worldwide raises increasingly serious public health issues in Hungary. In recent years, the emphasis on obesity as a primary cause of diabetes has been driven by a complex understanding of the causes of civilization: the role of sleep problems and stress in the development of the disease and the aggravation of the condition has been proven and supported. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between stress, sleep problems and diabetes in the representative Hungarostudy 2013 survey. Method: In the cross-sectional questionnaire study, 2000 adults participated. Mean of age was 46.9 (SD = 18.24) years. The average BMI was 26.0 (SD = 4.97) kg/m2. Measures: socio-demographic data, question about the presence of treated diabetes, symptomatic list, Perceived Stress Scale. Results: The frequency of diabetes treated one year before the date of the survey was 8.2%. The levels of stress experienced by diabetic patients were significantly higher than those experienced by participants not treated with diabetes (t(1944) = –2.586, p = 0.010). After adjusting potential background variables, perceived stress shows a marginally significant relationship with diabetes (OR = 1.03, p = 0.052). 26.0% of the respondents reported sleep problems last month, while 40.2% of them reported fatigue and energy shortages. The presence of sleep problems (χ2(2) = 61.108, p<0.001) and feeling of fatigue or lack of energy (χ2(2) = 51.061, p<0.001) are significantly more frequent among people with diabetes. Treated diabetes also predicts the presence of sleep problems (OR = 1.77, p = 0.003) as well as fatigue and lack of energy (OR = 1.88, p = 0.004) under the control of potential background variables. Conclusion: Our results show that, according to trends in other parts of the world, both sleep problems and stress play a significant role in the development of diabetes in Hungary. This draws attention to the need for effective screening and treatment of these factors in the prevention and treatment of diabetes in accordance with international protocols. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(47): 1872–1880.