bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of symmetric and asymmetric rapid maxillary expansion treatments on pharyngeal airway and sinus volume:
Authors: Erdur Emire Aybuke , Yıldırım Mucahid , Karatas Rabia Merve Celik , Akin Mehmet 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate pharyngeal airway and maxillary sinus volumes following symmetric rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and asymmetric rapid maxillary expansion (ARME) treatment using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods
The study consisted of 60 patients presenting to the orthodontics clinic with an indication that they required symmetric or asymmetric rapid maxillary expansion treatment. Individuals were included if they were aged 12–15 years and had symmetric (RME group; 14 girls, 16 boys) or asymmetric (ARME group; 16 girls, 14 boys) maxillary deficiency. Maxillary sinus volume (mm3) and pharyngeal airway volume (upper, lower, and total; mm3) were evaluated using CBCT records. The parameters were compared before treatment (T1) and after 3 months in retention (T2).

Results
All measurements at T2 were increased significantly compared with T1 in the RME group (P &lt; .05). In the ARME group, changes in the lower pharyngeal airway and the nonaffected maxillary sinus volumes (non-affected side of maxillary sinus volumes) were not significant; however, the other measurements increased significantly from T1 to T2 (P &lt; .05). Intergroup comparisons revealed that total pharyngeal airway volume and total maxillary sinus volume changes were significantly greater in the RME group.

Conclusions
Pharyngeal airway and maxillary sinus volumes increased with both RME and ARME treatment. Both were found to be effective for treating transverse maxillary deficiency.
Intellectual Disability in KATP Channel Neonatal Diabetes
Authors: Svalastoga Pernille , Sulen Åsta , Fehn Jarle R. , Aukland Stein M. , Irgens Henrik , Sirnes Eivind , Fevang Silje K.E. , Valen Eivind , Elgen Irene B. , Njølstad Pål R. 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE
Neonatal diabetes has been shown to be associated with high neuropsychiatric morbidity in a genotype-phenotype–dependent manner. However, the specific impact of different mutations on intellectual functioning is still insufficiently characterized. Specifically, only a small number of subjects with developmental delay have been comprehensively assessed, creating a knowledge gap about patients carrying the heaviest burden.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We assessed the intellectual functioning and mental health of the complete Norwegian population with KATP channel neonatal diabetes. Eight sulfonylurea-treated children (five with the p.V59M genotype [KCNJ11]) were assessed using age-matched control subjects with type 1 diabetes. The investigations included a physical and motor developmental examination, cerebral MRI, psychometrical examination, and questionnaires assessing intellectual capabilities and psychiatric morbidity.

RESULTS
A strong genotype-phenotype correlation was found, revealing the p.V59M genotype as highly associated with substantial intellectual disability, with no significant correlation with the time of sulfonylurea initiation. Consistent with previous studies, other genotypes were associated with minor cognitive impairment. Cerebral MRI verified normal brain anatomy in all but one child.

CONCLUSIONS
We here presented a comprehensive assessment of intellectual functioning in the largest cohort of p.V59M subjects to date. The level of intellectual disability revealed not only changes the interpretation of other psychological measures but downplays a strong protective effect of sulfonylurea. Within the scope of this study, we could not find evidence supporting an early treatment start to be beneficial, although a weaker effect cannot be ruled out.
The Prevalence and Determinants of Cognitive Deficits and Traditional Diabetic Complications in the Severely Obese
Authors: Callaghan Brian C. , Reynolds Evan L. , Banerjee Mousumi , Chant Ericka , Villegas-Umana Emily , Gardner Thomas W. , Votruba Kristen , Giordani Bruno , Pop-Busui Rodica , Pennathur Subramaniam , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of cognitive deficits and traditional diabetic complications and the association between metabolic factors and these outcomes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional study in severely obese individuals before bariatric surgery. Lean control subjects were recruited from a research website. Cognitive deficits were defined by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox (&lt;5th percentile for lean control subjects). Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) was defined by an expiration-to-inspiration (E-to-I) ratio of &lt;5th percentile for lean control subjects. Retinopathy was based on retinal photographs and nephropathy on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (&lt;60 mg/dL) and/or the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) (≥30 mg/g). NIH Toolbox, E-to-I ratio, mean deviation on frequency doubling technology testing, and ACR were used as sensitive measures of these outcomes. We used multivariable linear regression to explore associations between metabolic factors and these outcomes.

RESULTS
We recruited 138 severely obese individuals and 46 lean control subjects. The prevalence of cognitive deficits, CAN, retinopathy, and nephropathy were 6.5%, 4.4%, 0%, and 6.5% in lean control subjects; 22.2%, 18.2%, 0%, and 6.1% in obese participants with normoglycemia; 17.7%, 21.4%, 1.9%, and 17.9% in obese participants with prediabetes; and 25.6%, 31.9%, 6.1%, and 16.3% in obese participants with diabetes. Waist circumference was significantly associated with cognitive function (−1.48; 95% CI −2.38, −0.57) and E-to-I ratio (−0.007; 95% CI −0.012, −0.002). Prediabetes was significantly associated with retinal function (−1.78; 95% CI −3.56, −0.002).

CONCLUSIONS
Obesity alone is likely sufficient to cause cognitive deficits but not retinopathy or nephropathy. Central obesity is the key metabolic risk factor.
Os desafios da formação humana contemporânea na perspectiva do Instrumentum Laboris: educar hoje e amanhã, uma paixão que se renova
Authors: Nobre José Aguiar 
Published: January 2020

Chamar a atenção para a importância da questão educativa circunscreve o objetivo primordial da Declaração Gravissimum Educationis. É sabido que os seres humanos conscientes de sua dignidade e vocação participam intensamente da vida social, econômica e política. Indaga-se: frente aos graves estágios de degradação humano-social em que se encontra a humanidade hoje, quais os maiores desafios da formação humana, segundo a perspectiva do Instrumentum Laboris: educar hoje e amanhã, uma paixão que se renova? Hipoteticamente, entende-se que os referidos desafios residem exatamente em despertar o ser humano para uma genuína tomada de consciência da sua dignidade e vocação. Argumenta-se que os profissionais da educação superior católica contemporânea, de posse dessa consciência, têm ao seu alcance a grande chance e oportunidade de desempenhar um importantíssimo papel socioeducativo, ao contribuir com a formação de inúmeras gerações.
A participação social nas políticas públicas sobre o meio ambiente: uma análise a partir da Campanha da Fraternidade 2019 e da Doutrina Social da Igreja
Authors: Conte Christiany Pegorari 
Published: January 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo relacionar a Campanha da Fraternidade de 2019, que evidencia a necessidade de maior participação social na formulação e concretização das políticas públicas, com o debate acerca das questões ambientais. O artigo faz uma retrospectiva sobre a Doutrina Social da Igreja Católica e sua preocupação com a realidade social e a promoção da justiça, notadamente a partir do principal documento papal sobre a tutela ambiental, denominado Laudato Si, que clama por uma atuação estatal e social mais efetiva e rápida, com vistas a reduzir ou evitar novos danos ambientais. O estudo propõe, ainda, uma reflexão sobre a responsabilidade do Estado e da sociedade para a efetivação do direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado para as presentes e futuras gerações, especialmente diante de um contexto de exponencial degradação ambiental e de recorrente desrespeito à legislação vigente.
A pedagogia evangélica, alma do ensinamento cristão
Authors: Versaldi Giuseppe 
Published: January 2020

A conferência “A pedagogia evangélica, alma do ensinamento cristão” apresenta a importância do acesso à educação e à cultura que as universidades católicas, como também, os espaços educacionais eclesiásticos devem propiciar a sociedade. Com a finalidade de promover um diálogo fraterno e harmonioso com todos os povos de diferentes credos o texto apresenta uma reflexão a partir de documentos da igreja, em que se destaca a nova Constituição Apostólica Veritatis Gaudium do Papa Francisco com o espírito de animar as instituições acadêmicas da Igreja. A importância da educação integral, independentemente de qualquer diferença individual ou cultural tem a finalidade de respeitar a dimensão imanente e transcendente. Os documentos conciliares afirmam que todos os cristãos têm o direito a educação cristã para se tornarem cada vez mais conscientes do dom da fé que receberam com o batismo. As instituições de educação católica, com a missão de evangelizar e humanizar, devem se empenhar na formação humana, instaurandoum diálogo profundo entre fé e razão.
A educação no pensamento do Papa Francisco
Authors: Souza José Donizeti de , Cesário João Batista 
Published: January 2020

No início do século XXI, a humanidade enfrenta uma emergência humanitária que se evidencia no ressurgimento de nacionalismos e populismos extremados; no drama de migrantes e refugiados; em manifestações de xenofobia, racismos, intolerância religiosa e outras formas de violência real e simbólica que se alastram pelo mundo. Esse cenário é agravado pela constatação de que o manejo do meio ambiente, sob o influxo do paradigma do crescimento econômico ilimitado e do progresso infinito, tem levado a um rápido esgotamento das possibilidades de vida no planeta já no tempo presente, com riscos sérios para o futuro. Isso configura uma emergência ambiental a exigir que se adotem práticas de desenvolvimento sustentável e ambiental antes que a devastação atinja o “ponto de não retorno” para o planeta e para a humanidade. Abordando de maneira assertiva e com autoridade moral essas e outras questões que desafiam a humanidade contemporaneamente, o Papa Francisco tem se destacado comouma liderança global, capaz de influenciar, positivamente, os rumos da história e, efetivamente, impulsionar as transformações necessárias. Neste artigo, são analisadas algumas ideias-chave que despontam do pensamento vivo do Papa, ao abordar a emergência educativa que o atual cenário configura. Cultura do encontro, educação ecológica, humanismo solidário, alfabetização integral e pacto educativo são alguns conceitos que se firmam em sua abordagem da educação. Dialogando com educadores, filósofos e pensadores contemporâneos, o Papa está convicto de que a educação pode efetivamente, em conjunto com outras forças sociais, transformar o mundo e resgatar a humanidade da autodestruição.
A Review on Status of Production of Large Cardamom in Nepal and its Marketing in National and Global Scenario
Authors: Khatiwada Abishkar , Subedi Aadesh , Dangol Rashmi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The study mainly focuses on the status of production and marketing of large cardamom in Nepal and also compares these dimensions in the context of different countries. For the study mainly secondary data were collected from research articles, reports, publications and news articles. Large cardamom is the third most expensive crop and one of the major cash crops of Nepal. Nepal is the largest producer of large cardamom in the world followed by India and Bhutan. Taplejung, Sankhuwasabha, Panchthar and Illam are the four major districts that contribute more than 80% of the national production. Cardamom produced in Nepal is graded according to tail cutting after drying and packed in jute bag or plastic to export it to foreign countries. Nepal exports almost 90 percentage of its total cardamom production to India. In the global scenario, Guatemala is the largest exporter of cardamom (small and large combined) followed by India, Nepal, Singapore and Indonesia respectievly. It was found that the production of cardamom is declining in Nepal due to price fluctuation and viral diseases such as Chirkey, Furkey. Problem such as absence of unique HS code for large cardamom and ‘duplicate large cardamom’ are also seen in the market.
Natural product like “shikonin” might be a hope for Breast cancer cure
Authors: Khan Md. Niuz Morshed , Islam Maidul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAmong all cancers, breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women and the second most common cancer overall, both in the developed and less developed country. It is a matter of concern worldwide, that there is no effective drug is available for cancer treatment. Although, Surgery, radiation, hormonal (anti-estrogen) therapy, and chemotherapy are being used for treatment of breast cancer in recent years, due to life threatening side effects, these treatment approaches becoming more vulnerable. However, researchers from across the world searching a safe and effective treatment approach that can be a breakthrough for this situation, as it is evident that natural compounds like shikonin from Lithospermum erythrorhizon can fight against aggressiveness of breast cancer by regulating apoptosis, necroptosis and estrogen receptor signaling pathway. In this review, we discussed about potential green chemical compounds with their mechanisms of actions, which can be very effective treatment regimen for breast cancer and can be more potent by their proper modifications and further molecular research. Hopefully in future, research focusing on the “shikonin” will open a new door for increasing the survival rate of breast cancer patients as well as cancer cure.
Dragon Fruit in Nepal
Authors: Rijal Swodesh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Dragon fruit is a cactus species which is indigenous to Americas belongs to Genus Hylocereus. Dragon fruit is commonly known as Noble woman, Pitahaya, strawberry pear, Super fruit etc. It has antioxidant properties which prevents oxidation of cholesterol. Similarly, dragon fruit contains phytonutrient, minerals and vitamins which are beneficial to blood, tissue, bone and overall health. On research it was found out that Lycopene which is responsible for red colour in dragon fruit has been linked with a lower prostate cancer risk. Nowadays it is widely used in restaurant as fruit salad, refreshing drinks, Jams, Ice creams, Jelly, fruit juice, wine etc. In Nepal, Mr. Jagannath Rai brought dragon fruit from USA in 2057 B.S. and later Gorkha Millenium multipurpose cooperatives ltd formally started cultivation of dragon fruit in commercial level from 2070 B.S (2013 A.D). In Nepal there is a wide scope for cultivation as it can cultivate in region of less rainfall at altitude of 1500 from MASL. Availability of Fallow and marginal lands of Terai, Bhitri madhes, valleys and lower range of mountain are suitable for cultivation. Moreover, there are great possibilities of production of organic dragon fruits. Inspite of various benefits and possibilities, farmers’ condition and investment are major challenges for exploration of dragon fruit in Nepal.
Jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights in the Baltic States’ Cases
Authors: Kużelewska Elżbieta 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Baltic States – Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia – are democratic states of law that respect human rights. As members of the Council of Europe, they implemented into domestic law the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (known as the European Convention on Human Rights) – an international document for the universal protection of human rights adopted by the Council of Europe. The aim of the paper is to analyze whether and to what extent did Estonian, Lithuanian and Latvian citizens file individual complaints to the European Court of Human Rights over the past thirteen years (2006–2018). The paper is to answer the question if the Baltic Sates’ systems of human rights protection are effective. One of the indicators of effectiveness is the number of complaints brought from the Baltic States to the ECtHR in relation to the number of inhabitants and also in comparison with the total number of complaints from the 47 member states of the Council of Europe as whole. The analysis will cover statistics on the number of judgments in Estonian, Lithuanian and Latvian cases before the Court in Strasbourg issued between 2006 and 2018. This will be helpful in determining the degree and the type of violations by the Baltic States of the human rights protected by the European Convention on Human Rights.
Strengthening the Role of National Parliaments in the European Union – What for and How?
Authors: Perkowski Maciej , Farhan Jakub A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the debate on the European Union’s problems, the concept of “democracy deficit” has been present from its very beginning. This term is applied in a quite vast manner and, apart from the asymmetry of the relation between the European Parliament and the Council, it also concerns the overly limited role of national parliaments in the European Union. In this regard, inadequacy in the national position of individual parliaments is observed. On the other hand, it is necessary to emphasise their uneven activity on their European aspirations. At the time when the European dispute on the rule of law in Poland has polarized attitudes and language in statements on both sides – despite irresponsible trends – it is worth to examine the participation of national parliaments (including the Polish parliament) in the European inter-parliamentary dialogue and, consequently, to determine whether and how its constructive impact on the European Union and its law functions.
Barriers to Creating Innovation in the Polish Economy in the Years 2012–2016
Authors: Gardocka-Jałowiec Anna , Wierzbicka Katarzyna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the considerations is to present and systematise barriers to creating innovation in the Polish economy in 2012–2016. The desk research was based on the results of Community Innovation Surveys (CIS 2012 and CIS 2014), thematic studies of the Central Statistical Office and a report from the Infuture hatalska foresight institute. The use of statistical and comparative analysis in conjunction with the review of the literature on innovation barriers leads to the conclusion that Polish enterprises recognise the lack of financial resources as a major barrier to creating innovation, while non-financial barriers are much less important. The marginal treatment of non-financial barriers is a reversal of attitudes and directions of activities that are undertaken in the field of creating innovation in highly developed countries.
Luanda’s Slums: An overview based on poverty and gentrification
Authors: Barros Carlos Pestana , Balsas Carlos J. L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Slum redevelopment is occurring at a rapid pace in many African cities. This paper examines the urban development of contemporary Luanda, the capital of Angola. Central to this examination is an analysis of the city’s slums according to Foucault’s concept of governmentality. The focus is on the chaotic urban development that has resulted from the civil war and on the effects of poverty and gentrification in many of Luanda’s slums. The policy of violence towards slum population adopted by the municipality appears to define a technology of domination, the subjection of the individual to the formation of the state. However, with the high earnings obtained from oil production, the country clearly has the resources needed to fund investments in electricity and utility systems. The continuing persistence of slums and a housing policy based on neglect signifies a form of governmentality, adopted as a means of government coercion and a way of dominating the poor population. The paper closes with a set of policy implications for action.
Financing Low-income Housing in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: Implications for the Right to the City and Inclusivity
Authors: Chigwenya Average 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Accessing finances for housing has been a major problem for people on low-incomes and this has been weighing heavily on them as they try to access housing. Financial institutions in the city of Bulawayo are failing to come up with financial products that suit low-income clients. There are an estimated 110000 low-income residents among the estimated 250000 residents of Cowdray Park low-density residential area in Bulawayo. This has also affected their right to the city as they have been excluded from the housing delivery system. There are so many initiatives that have been available to those on a low-income but these initiatives have rarely benefited the urban poor of the city. This research has examined how the financial services that exist in the housing sector have been crafted to benefit the urban poor. The research employed a mixed methods approach to the inquiry, where a questionnaire was the main quantitative method used and in-depth interviews and observations were the qualitative methods that complemented it. The research found that there are various financial services that are available in Zimbabwe, but these financial facilities rarely help the urban poor. The majority of the poor have been managing without any financial support and this has been stalling their access to housing. Most housing products are fashioned along neo-liberal economic principles that have very little to offer the urban poor. This has therefore denied the urban poor in the city of Bulawayo their right to the city. Most cities in Zimbabwe are struggling to satisfy their housing demand as they have long housing waiting lists. Research therefore recommends the crafting of financial facilities that are best targeted on the urban poor, and are specially adapted to their financial conditions.
A Wind Powered, White LED Lighting System for the Kibera Slum of Nairobi
Authors: Thomas Brian 
Published: January 2020

A multidisciplinary team of engineering students traveled to Nairobi, Kenya in
May 2006 to implement a service learning project between academic sessions. Low power, white light emitting diode (WLED) based lighting devices were designed and built by student participants and members of the student organization Engineers with a Mission during the months preceding the trip. Photometric performance and power consumption data are given for these devices, which were subsequently installed in seventeen homes in the large and infamous Kibera slum. A locally manufactured, technologically appropriate wind generator was purchased and installed to charge a single, centrally located deep cycle battery. Power from this battery was distributed to the LED-based lights through a
student designed and built circuit breaker panel and a radial network of indoor/outdoor extension cords that served as low voltage transmission lines. The project provided a learning environment for alternative energy techniques, appropriate technologies, global and multicultural awareness, poverty apprehension, the realities of project implementation, and the social responsibility of those in the engineering profession. A network of Kenyan organizations consisting of a university, a non-governmental organization, a small business, and a community organization, was formed to facilitate
sustainability and provide ongoing analysis and maintenance.