bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological activities of the essential oil from the Moro orange peel (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck)
Authors: Magalhães Maísa Lamounier , Ionta Marisa , Ferreira Guilherme Álvaro , Campidelli Marina Leopoldina Lamounier , Nelson David Lee , Ferreira Vanuzia Rodrigues Fernandes , Rezende Danubia Aparecida de Carvalho Selvati , Cardoso Maria das Graças 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCitrus essential oils have become the focus of several researches, because they have broad biological activity, due to their chemical composition. However, there are few studies covering Moro orange essential oil. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fresh Moro orange peel essential oil on antifungal, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and genotoxic activities in normal and tumor cells. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC/MS and GC/FID. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTS assay in normal cells (CCD‐1059Sk) and tumor cells (CCD‐1059Sk), and the genotoxicity was determined in normal cells by the comet assay. Antifungal activity was evaluated by the disk diffusion test against Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus flavus filamentous fungi. The antioxidant activity was determined in DPPH, ABTS, and β‐carotene assay. The essential oil was mainly composed of monoterpenes such as limonene (95.12%), α‐pinene (0.35%), sabinene (0.54%), and myrcene (1.07%). The essential oil did not cause cell death after 48 hours of treatment in normal cells, but the cell viability of tumor cells decreased by 50% in the presence of the essential oil at a concentration of 272.6 μg/mL. Although no antioxidant effect was observed, the growth of all evaluated fungi was inhibited with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 μL/mL. The essential oil from the Moro orange is promising for cancer treatment, and it can be used as a natural preservative in food systems.
Mining modification of river systems: A case study from the Australian gold rush
Authors: Davies Peter , Lawrence Susan , Turnbull Jodi , Rutherfurd Ian , Grove James , Silvester Ewen , Macklin Mark 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMobilisation of large volumes of bedrock, regolith and soil has long been a characteristic feature of metal mining. Before the 20th century this was most efficiently achieved through harnessing the motive power of water. Large‐scale water use in mining produced waste sands, gravels and silts that were flushed downstream, triggering changes in stream and floodplain morphology and function. During the 19th century the shift from artisanal to industrialised mining resulted in a rapid increase in the scale and extent of environmental change. This paper presents results from a multidisciplinary research programme investigating the environmental effects of 19th‐century gold mining on waterways in south‐eastern Australia. Archaeological and geospatial landscape survey are combined with historical data modelling and geomorphological analysis to examine the extractive processes that produced sediment in headwater regions and how this influenced fluvial processes operating on downstream waterways and floodplains. Our case study of the Three Mile‐Hodgson Creek system on the Ovens (Beechworth) goldfield in north‐east Victoria indicates that miners mobilised up to 7.3 million m3 of sediment in this small catchment alone. Results of the research suggest that tailings dams and sludge channels in this catchment are important archaeological evidence for early attempts to manage industrial waste.
Multi‐ethnic analysis shows genetic risk and environmental predictors interact to influence 25(OH)D concentration and optimal vitamin D intake
Authors: Hatchell Kathryn E. , Lu Qiongshi , Mares Julie A. , Michos Erin D. , Wood Alexis C. , Engelman Corinne D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract25‐Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration is a complex trait with genetic and environmental predictors that may determine how much vitamin D exposure is required to reach optimal concentration. Interactions between continuous measures of a polygenic score (PGS) and vitamin D intake (PGS*intake) or available ultraviolet (UV) radiation (PGS*UV) were evaluated in individuals of African (n = 1,099) or European (n = 8,569) ancestries. Interaction terms and joint effects (main and interaction terms) were tested using one‐degree of freedom (1‐DF) and 2‐DF models, respectively. Models controlled for age, sex, body mass index, cohort, and dietary intake/available UV. In addition, in participants achieving Institute of Medicine (IOM) vitamin D intake recommendations, 25(OH)D was evaluated by level PGS. The 2‐DF PGS*intake, 1‐DF PGS*UV, and 2‐DF PGS*UV results were statistically significant in participants of European ancestry (p = 3.3 × 10−18, p =  2.1 × 10−2, and p =  2.4 × 10−19, respectively), but not in those of African ancestry. In European‐ancestry participants reaching IOM vitamin D intake guidelines, the percent of participants achieving adequate 25(OH)D (
>20 ng/ml) increased as genetic risk decreased (72% vs. 89% in highest vs. lowest risk; p = .018). Available UV radiation and vitamin D intake interact with genetics to influence 25(OH)D. Individuals with higher genetic risk may require more vitamin D exposure to maintain optimal 25(OH)D concentrations.
Unsteady free convection of second‐grade nanofluid with a new time‐space fractional heat conduction
Authors: Shen Ming , Wu Yuhang , Chen Hui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Caputo and Caputo–Fabrizio derivative are applied to study a second‐grade nanofluid over a vertical plate. A comparative analysis is presented to study the unsteady free convection of a second‐grade nanofluid with a new time–space fractional heat conduction. The governing equations with mixed time–space fractional derivatives are non‐dimensionalized and solved numerically, and a comparison between the Caputo and the Caputo–Fabrizio models is made. It is found that the temperature is higher for the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional model than the Caputo model, but the higher velocity only exists near the vertical plate for the Caputo–Fabrizio model than the Caputo model. Moreover, the velocity for the Caputo model will exceed the Caputo–Fabrizio model as y evolves.
Impacts of peristaltic flow of micropolar fluid with nanoparticles through a porous medium under the effects of heat absorption and wall properties: Homotopy perturbation method
Authors: Eldabe Nabil T. , Ramadan Shaimaa F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the present examination, we have talked about the impacts of heat absorption, chemical reaction, and wall properties on the peristaltic stream of micropolar nanofluid through a permeable medium. The key conditions of the movement are first regulated and after that streamlined under the suspicions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. The careful arrangements have been determined for the velocity and the microrotation velocity, while the administering conditions of energy and nanoparticle conditions are solved analytically utilizing the homotopy perturbation technique. At last, graphical outcomes are talked about to represent the impacts of different physical parameters of the issue on these dispersions.
Gaseous slip flow affected by inclined low magnetic field using second‐order boundary conditions
Authors: Al Khasawneh Khaleel , AlWardat Amani A. , Khashan Saud A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, asymptotic solutions of a near continuum gaseous slip flow in two‐dimensional rectangular microchannels under the effect of electromagnetic force are presented. An inclined magnetic field was assumed in this study. Nondimensional equations were obtained that relate the pressure ratio, Mach number, magnetic Reynolds number, magnetic force number, and Reynolds number. The asymptotic solutions for the compressible, laminar, and steady flow were obtained by applying second‐order slip velocity and temperature jump wall boundary conditions. It was found that the electric and magnetic field with inclined angle had significant effects on the flow properties. The solutions obtained here using the second‐order boundary conditions result in tangible improvement over those obtained using first‐order boundary conditions. We compared our solutions against the numerical solutions that were provided in the literature and showed that our solutions were in good agreement with the numerical solution.
Testing and comparing conditional risk‐return relationship with a new approach in the cross‐sectional framework
Authors: Messis Petros , Alexandridis Antonis , Zapranis Achilleas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an innovative approach in examining the conditional relationship between beta and returns for stocks traded on S&P 500 for the period from July 2001 to June 2011. We challenge other competitive models with portfolios formed based on the book value per share and betas using monthly data. A novel approach for capturing time variation in betas whose pattern is treated as a function of market returns is developed and presented. The estimated coefficients of a nonlinear regression constitute the basis of creating a two factor model. Our results indicate that the proposed specification surpasses alternative models in explaining the cross‐section of returns. The implications of this study show that the proposed new risk factors that found to be significant both in time series and cross‐section analyses provide valuable information in better understanding the characteristics of returns, targeting the reinforcement of stock market efficiency, and the capital allocation procedure.
Potential health impact of environmental micro‐ and nanoplastics pollution
Authors: Chang Xiaoru , Xue Yuying , Li Jiangyan , Zou Lingyue , Tang Meng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicro‐ and nanoplastics are generated from plastics and have negative impacts on the environment due to their high level of fragmentation. They can originate from various sources such as fragments, fibers and foams. The large proportion of the waste and resistance to degradation means micro‐ and nanoplastics have become a serious global environmental problem, but there are few studies on their potential toxicity for human health. In this review, we discussed routes of exposure and the potential effects of micro‐ and nanoplastics to human health. Human beings could mainly be exposed to micro‐ and nanoplastics orally and by inhalation. The possible toxic effects of plastic particles are due to the potential toxicity of plastics themselves, and their combined toxicity with leachable additives and adsorbed contaminants. The potential risks for human health focused on their gastrointestinal toxicity and liver toxicity. The toxic mechanisms could involve oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions and metabolism disorders. More studies are needed to carry out and explore the potential toxicological mechanisms of micro‐ and nanoplastics and evaluate the combined toxicity of their adsorbed contaminants.
Sequencing partial Steiner triple systems
Authors: Alspach Brian , Kreher Donald L. , Pastine Adrián 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA partial Steiner triple system of order is sequenceable if there is a sequence of length of its distinct points such that no proper segment of the sequence is a union of point‐disjoint blocks. We prove that if a partial Steiner triple system has at most three point‐disjoint blocks, then it is sequenceable.
A one‐pot multicomponent Biginelli reaction for the preparation of novel pyrimidinthione derivatives as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Desai Nisheeth C. , Joshi Surbhi B. , Jadeja Krunalsinh A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA convenient synthesis of pyrimidinthiones was carried out in presence of thiourea and easily available catalyst sulfamic acid (2a‐t). One‐pot Biginelli reaction is very important due to the use of simple and readily available chemicals, less reaction time, economically friendly, and furnishing good yield. Structures of the synthesized compounds are characterized by spectral techniques like IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and LC–MS. Synthesized compounds were studied for their antimicrobial activity against several strains of bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus, S. pyogenes) and fungi (C. albicans, A. niger, and A. clavatus) using serial dilution method.
Total synthesis of (S)‐(+)‐ent‐phomapyrones B and surugapyrone B
Authors: Ohmukai Hiroaki , Sugiyama Yasumasa , Hirota Akira , Kirihata Mitsunori , Tanimori Shinji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhomapyrone B (1), the 2‐pyrones isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, has been synthesized as the enantiomeric form starting from (S)‐2‐methylbutanol (4). Surugapyrone B (3) isolated from Streptmyces sp. USF‐6280 as an antioxidant has also been synthesized as a natural form. The absolute configuration of phomapyrone B (1) was estimated to be the (R)‐form and that of surugapyrone B (3) being the (S)‐form. A series of 2‐pyrone derivatives 17 have been synthesized through the established procedure and their DPPH radical‐scavenging activities have also been evaluated.
Observational and modelling evidence of a zonal circulation over the North Pacific
Authors: Zou Youjia , Xi Xiangying 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe equatorial Pacific Walker Circulation (EPWC), characterized by ascending motion (lower sea‐level pressure [SLP]) over Indonesia and descending motion (higher SLP) over the Eastern Pacific, has been widely recognized. Yet, little is known about a zonal circulation over the North Pacific (hereafter referred to as NPZC) with ascent over the west coast of Canada and descent over the east coast of Russia, which plays an important role in maintaining Northern Hemisphere mid‐latitude climate. Here we provide evidence for the existence of the NPZC by comparing the eastern and western North Pacific around 50°N with the western and eastern equatorial Pacific, respectively. We find that the EPWC and NPZC bear strong similarity in many essential aspects, such as the zonal gradients of temperature and SLP, precipitation records and prevailing winds, and so on, thus, suggesting a NPZC. The existence of a NPZC is also strongly supported by observations in situ using radiosonde balloon soundings as well as numerical simulations.
Wildlife Interactions within Highway Underpasses
Authors: Caldwell Molly R. , Klip J. Mario K. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTHighway underpasses are a common management tool used to lessen wildlife‐vehicle collisions on roadways. Despite their widespread use, the effects of predator‐prey interactions and human disturbances on wildlife within underpasses have not been well studied. To understand the effect of species interactions and human disturbances on wildlife traveling through underpasses, we analyzed camera data from 3 underpasses in Hallelujah Junction Wildlife Area, Sierra County, California, USA, from June 2017 to December 2018. We recorded 3,589 detections, which were predominately mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), rodents, lagomorphs, California quail (Callipepla californica), bobcats (Lynx rufus), mountain lions (Puma concolor), and coyotes (Canis latrans). We used occupancy modeling and daily activity estimates to analyze species' spatial and temporal activity within the underpasses. Predator‐prey interactions and human disturbances were among the most important factors that influenced wildlife travel through the underpasses. Mule deer avoided underpasses highly used by mountain lions, and mountain lions followed mule deer daily temporal activity patterns and seasonal activity patterns. These results indicate that predator‐prey interactions influenced deer and mountain lion use of the underpasses. Coyotes favored underpasses and seasons with higher rodent and lagomorph presence, suggesting that the presence of prey was also important to coyote use of the underpasses. Coyotes, mountain lions, and bobcats all exhibited either temporal or spatial avoidance of human activity within the underpasses. California quail avoided predators within the underpasses and favored underpasses and times with high human activity. Our study suggests that underpass managers need to closely monitor the effect of predator‐prey interactions and human activity on wildlife within underpasses to ensure these interactions do not discourage wildlife from using them. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Summer Habitat Use of Female Mule Deer in Oregon
Authors: Eckrich Carolyn A. , Coe Priscilla K. , Clark Darren A. , Nielson Ryan M. , Lombardi John , Gregory Sara C. , Hedrick Mary JO , Johnson Bruce K. , Jackson DeWaine H. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTMule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) populations have been declining throughout their range and loss or deterioration of habitat has been associated with observed trends. An understanding of the relative importance of landscape characteristics in affecting mule deer distribution will allow wildlife managers that alter habitat to make predictions regarding future use by mule deer, which is likely to influence mule deer population size and recruitment. We radio‐marked 376 adult female mule deer with global positioning system‐collars from 2006–2012 in south‐central Oregon, USA, to evaluate summer habitat use. We used multiple linear regression to develop a resource utilization function (RUF) model for mule deer to relate landscape characteristics to the height of a utilization distribution estimated with a Brownian bridge movement model. We validated the predictive capacity of the RUF model with locations from an independent dataset of 95 deer that summered within our study area. Our best model describing mule deer habitat use included 5 covariates: overstory canopy cover, slope, distance to forest edge, distance to intermittent or perennial streams, and distance to dirt roads. Predicted intensity of use peaked at roughly 40% canopy cover and decreased with increasing slope and distance from forest edge. Predicted use was greater closer to streams and decreased, albeit slightly, with increasing distance from dirt roads. Model validation revealed our model predicted summer habitat use by mule deer very well. Our results provide a basis for predicting effects of future land management actions on mule deer habitat use on summer range. Forest management prescriptions that maintain canopy cover around 40% and create forest edge may benefit mule deer in south‐central Oregon and other forested ecosystems, particularly if these prescriptions are implemented on areas with gentle slopes and access to streams. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
CO2 Laser Cordectomy Versus KTP Laser Tumor Ablation for Early Glottic Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lahav Yonatan , Cohen Oded , Shapira‐Galitz Yael , Halperin Doron , Shoffel‐Havakuk Hagit 
Published: December 2019

Background and ObjectivesCO2 laser cordectomy has been the workhorse of laser surgery for early glottic squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) since the early 1970s. During the last decades, potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser surgery for early GSCC gained popularity, introducing the tumor ablation technique. Yet, there are no previous randomized controlled trials (RCT) that compare the oncologic and functional outcomes of KTP Laser ablation versus CO2 laser cordectomy for early GSCC. This study aims to compare by means of an RCT, CO2 laser cordectomy with KTP laser ablation for early GSCC, in terms of cure rates and vocal function.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA RCT conducted between 2013 and 2017. Patients with early GSCC were enrolled, and randomly assigned for either CO2 cordectomy or KTP‐ablation surgery with curative intent. All CO2 cordectomies and most KTP‐ablation procedures were performed under general anesthesia. Some KTP cases with residual disease were treated also under local anesthesia. Videostroboscopy measures, voice handicap index (VHI), GRBAS (a hoarseness scale for Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia and Strain) score, and acoustic analyses were performed pre‐operatively, 6 months and 3 years after surgery.ResultsTwenty‐four patients, 12 in each group, were enrolled. Nine in each group had T1a carcinoma, the remaining had either carcinoma in situ or T1b. The average number of procedures was 1.67( ± 0.89) and 1.33( ± 0.89) for the KTP and CO2 groups, respectively. Although the tumor depth was comparable in both groups, patients in the KTP‐ablation group underwent more superficial surgeries. Eleven (91.7%) procedures in the KTP group spared the vocal ligament, compared with 5 (41.7%) in the CO2 group, (P = 0.023). All patients were alive and disease‐free after four years. On post‐operative videostroboscopy, normal mucosal waves appeared in 5 (42%) of the KTP patients versus none (0%) of the CO2 (P = 0.02). The median post‐operative non‐vibrating portion was smaller in the KTP group (10%) compared with CO2 (50%), P = 0.043. Nevertheless, GRBAS and VHI scores improved comparably in both groups.ConclusionsKTP ablation technique offers similar curative outcome as CO2 cordectomy but may allow for better preservation of vocal fold's architecture and function. Yet, the clinical significance of these findings is unclear, since the subjective measures improved comparably for these two treatment modalities. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Residual Lesions After Pharmacological and Dye‐Laser Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas: Critical Review of 432 Cases
Authors: Chelleri Cristina , Monzani Nicola Adriano , Gelmetti Carlo , Milani Gregorio Paolo , Fossali Emilio Filippo , Galeone Carlotta , Cavalli Riccardo 
Published: December 2019

Background and ObjectivesInfantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign tumors in infanthood. Although they are often self‐limiting, management of IHs is still controversial because residual lesions may persist in some cases. The aim of this study is to report our experience with patients affected with IH and investigate the frequency of residual lesions in treated versus untreated patients.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis retrospective observational study enrolled patients with IHs evaluated over the past 10 years. Patients were managed with systemic or local pharmacotherapy, laser therapy, a combination of them, or with observation only.ResultsA total of 432 patients were included: 71% received one or more therapies for IHs; 75.2% of untreated patients had at least one residual lesion compared with 41.4% of treated patients (P < 0.001). Patients treated with laser therapy or topical timolol had the lowest rate of residual lesions.ConclusionsThis rather large case series suggests that IHs management with pharmacotherapy and especially laser therapy is associated with a lower number of residual lesions than observation only. Although propranolol can be very useful to avoid life‐threatening complications and severe tissue impairment, laser therapy and topical timolol are potential effective treatments to decrease the incidence of residual lesions, mostly associated with superficial IHs. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.