bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Evaluation of Preemergence Herbicides for Weed Control In Container Grown Woody Landscape Plants
Authors: Duray Sharon A. , Davies Fred T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Four preemergence herbicide combinations were evaluated for weed control and phytotoxicity on Silverberry (Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.), Spanish bayonet (Yucca aloifolia L.), and Heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica Thunb.), grown in 3.8 1 (1 gal) containers under commercial nursery conditions. Combinations of Rout (oxytluorfen : oryzalin) and Rout GL (oxytluorfen : alachlor) were applied as granules at 1.12 : 0.56, 2.24 : 1.12 and 4.48 : 2.24 and 1.12 : 1.12, 2.24 : 2.24, and 4.48 : 4.48 kg ai/ha (1.0 : 05, 2.0 : 1.0, and 4.0 : 2.0 and 1.0 : 1.0, 2.0 : 2.0 and 4.0 : 4.0 lb ai/A), resp. Harness (acetochlor) was applied as a foliar spray at 1.68, 3.36 and 6.68 kg ai/ha (1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 lb ai/A) and Zorial (norflurazon) was applied at 1.12, 2.24 and 4.48 kg ai/ha (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 lb ai/A) as a soil drench. Containers were overseeded with a weed mixture prior to herbicide application and six weeks later to induce extreme weed competition in containers. Harness, Rout GL and Rout provided 90–100% control for up to 14 weeks after application at the highest rates evaluated. Zorial resulted in unsatisfactory weed control. None of the herbicides caused any phytotoxic effects on any of the plants tested.
Influence of Mulches on Weed Control, Soil pH, Soil Nitrogen Content, and Growth of Ligustrum japonicum
Authors: Billeaud Lorraine A. , Zajicek Jayne M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Four organic mulches, screened pinebark, hardwood (primarily oak), cypress and decorative pinebark nuggets, applied at depths of 0, 5, 10, and 15 cm (0, 2, 4, 6 in) with or without an inorganic weed barrier fabric, were tested in field and container studies to determine their effect on weed suppression, soil pH, soil nitrogen content, and growth of Ligustrum japonicum. Results indicated that mulch applied at shallower depths, in combination with a weed barrier, provided optimal weed control without tying up soil nitrogen or reducing plant growth. Coarser mulches out-performed finer-textured materials. Most effective weed control was obtained with decorative pinebark nuggets with weed barrier fabric at a 15 cm (6 in) depth of application when compared to unmulched controls. As the depth of mulch was increased, soil pH, soil nitrogen content, and visual rating of plant growth decreased. Mulches over 10 cm (4 in) deep tended to inhibit plant growth, although optimum depth was dependent on the mulch material used.
Root and Shoot Growth Response of Three Container-Grown Kalmia latifolia L. Cultivars at Two Locations to Growing Medium and Nitrogen Form
Authors: Hummel Rita L. , Johnson Charles R. , Lindstrom Orville M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Rooted liners of Kalmia latifolia L. ‘Elf’, ‘Freckles’ and ‘Goodrich’ were shipped to Griffin, Georgia, and Puyallup, Washington and were potted into 3.8 liter (# 1) containers. Factorial combinations of growing media (1 bark: 1 peat, 4 bark: 1 peat), NO3/NH4 ratios (100% NO3/0% NH4, 60% NO3/40% NH4, 20% NO3/80% NH4), and rates of N (40, 80, and 120 mg N/pot; 0.0014, 0.0028, and 0.0042 oz N/pot, resp.) were applied at both locations. Results indicated that a combination of the nitrate/ammonium forms of nitrogen (60/40 NO3/NH4) and the 80 mg/pot N rate produced the best overall shoot and root growth on all 3 cultivars at both locations. Root and shoot growth was not affected by growing media at either location. With the exception of lower pH readings for the Georgia media, results for the two locations were remarkably consistent.
Evaluation of Composted Rice Hulls and a Lightweight Clay Aggregate as Components of Container-Plant Growth Media
Authors: Laiche Adolph J. , Nash V. E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Four experiments were conducted with selected woody landscape plants in containers to compare container media consisting of composted rice hulls and a lightweight clay aggregate (Arkalite) to pine bark and sand. Plant growth in the inorganic components of sand and Arkalite was generally similar. Plant growth in organic components of 100% composted rice hulls or 50% composted rice hulls and 50% pine bark compared favorably with the growth obtained with 100% pine bark as the organic component. Excellent growth was obtained with composted rice hulls only when not amended or amended with small amounts of dolomitic limestone. Use of composted rice hulls should be based on costs and availability.
Effects of P-ITB and IBA on the Rooting Response of 19 Landscape Taxa
Authors: Dirr Michael A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A new root promoting chemical, P-ITB (phenyl indole-3-thiolobutyrate) was compared with IBA (1H-indole-3-butanoic acid) for activity on 19 woody taxa. P-ITB at 0.5% was as effective as 0.5% IBA for the plants tested. For difficult-to-root taxa like Amelanchier arborea, Photinia × fraseri and Zelkova serrata, P-ITB promoted excellent rooting. The chemical is as effective as IBA and was not injurious at the 2.0% level.
Control of Rust of China Aster and Comments on the Name of the Pathogen
Authors: Raabe Robert D. , Pyeatt Lyle 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Rust, Coleosporium asterum, of China aster, Callistephus chinensis, is a serious problem on plants grown for cut flowers in California. Control of the rust resulted from 3 applications of fungicides at 3-week intervals. Funginex® (triforine) gave the best control. Bayleton® (triadimefon) and Fore® (mancozeb) gave good control. Plantvax® (oxycarboxin) and Physan® (a quanternary ammonium chloride compound) failed to control the fungus satisfactorily. The use of the binomial Coleosporium asterum, formerly called C. solidaginis, is questioned.
Screening of Odor and Taste Repellents for Control of White-tailed Deer Browse to Apples or Apple Shoots
Authors: Byers R.E. , Carbaugh D.H. , Presley C.N. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A rapid method was developed for evaluating deer repellents using apples or apple shoots were placed on 1 m (3.3 ft) stakes in a highly populated white-tailed deer area. Big Game Repellent (BGR, Putrescent whole egg solids (37%)), Hot Sauce (Capsaicin (2.5%)), and Lifebouy soap (scented or unscented) were the most effective repellents, but they repelled deer for only very short periods of time (1 to 6 days). The perfume from Lifebuoy soap also showed some repellency. Dilution of any of the repellents reduced their effectiveness for inhibiting deer browse. Deer readily accepted apples placed on stakes, but they would not touch broccoli heads.
Growth and Root Penetration by Large Crabgrass and Bermudagrass Through Mulch and Fabric Barriers
Authors: Appleton Bonnie Lee , Derr Jeffrey F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Four polypropylene fabrics and five polyethylene (plastic) films, covered with shredded pinebark mulch, were compared for suppression of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) shoot and root growth, and root penetration. No covering completely controlled either grass, but significant differences existed between materials, with Weed-X giving the best overall shoot suppression. Penetration of both grasses' roots was less through Weed-X, Weed Control and brown polyethylene than through Weed Barrier, Duon, Typar, WeedBlock, Magic Mat and Weedstop. Weed growth in the mulch layers atop the fabrics and films are significant. Resistance to weed root penetration was possibly related to the percent of open versus closed areas of the fabrics and films. Fabrics or perforated films with greater root penetration resistance should generally provide greater overall landscape weed control than those allowing greater root penetration.
Weed Control In Field-Grown Holly
Authors: Wehtje Glenn , Gilliam Charles H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Two separate experiments were conducted over a 3-year growing period to examine control of grass and broadleaf weeds in three cultivars of Ilex. The effect of application timing and number of applications of a tank mixture of Surflan (oryzalin) + Princep (simazine) [2.2 + 0.9 kg ai/ha (2.0 + 0.75 lb ai/A)] were examined in the first study. Maximum season-long control was obtained with any treatment that contained a minimum of two herbicide applications, with the first applied in March and the second in July. The performance of various 2-way combinations of Surflan, Princep and Goal was examined in the second experiment. Acceptable weed control was obtained with any combination that contained broadleaf and grass-active herbicides. Inspection of data across both studies indicates that timing of application is of greater importance than the specific herbicides used.
Tolerance of Selected Tree Seed to Combinations of Preemergent Herbicides
Authors: Geyer W. A. , Long C. E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), and Kentucky coffee tree (Gymnocladus dioica (L.) C. Koch) seed were planted in soil treated with various combinations of preemergent herbicides and grown in the greenhouse to determine herbicide effect on seedling survival and growth. Herbicides evaluated included Lasso (alachlor) alone at 2.2 a.i. kg/ha (2.0 a.i. lb/a), and in combination with Lorox (linuron) 1. 7 (1.5), Surflan (oryzalin) 2.2 (2.0), or Dacthal (DCPA) at 11.8 (10.5); Surflan (oryzalin) alone at 2.2 (2.0) and in combination with Dacthal (DCPA) 11.8 (10.5) or Lorox (linuron) 1.7 (1.5); Dacthal (DCPA) alone at 11.8 (10.5) and in combination with Lorox (linuron) 1.7 (1.5); and Lorox (linuron) at either 1.7 (1.5) or 3.3 (3.0). All treatment were acceptable on Kentucky coffee tree seed. Lasso (alachlor) or Dacthal (DCPA) alone or mixed together and applied to honey locust or black locust were acceptable in respect to height and/or dry weight growth. All other treatments were damaging to these two species.
Seed Germination of Leucothoe fontanesiana as Influenced by Light and Temperature
Authors: Blazich Frank A. , Warren Stuart L. , Acedo Juan R. , Whitehead Reid O. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Seeds of Leucothoe fontanesiana (Steud.) Sleum. were germinated at 25°C (77°F) and 25°/15°C (77°/59°F) with daily photoperiods of 0, 1/2, 1/2 twice daily, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 24 hr. For both temperatures, no germination occurred during a 30-day period for seeds not subjected to light. At 25°C (77°F) increasing photoperiods increased germination with germination of 60 and 68% occurring by day 24 for the 12 and 24 hr photoperiods, respectively. The alternating temperature of 25°/15°C (77°/59°F) enhanced germination when light was limiting. At this temperature germination ≥85% was reached by day 27 for photoperiods ≥2 hr.
Buyer Perceptions of Foliage Trade Shows: Implications for Marketing
Authors: Haydu John J. , Meerow Alan W. , Sitaras Gina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A ten question survey was mailed to all registered buyers of the 1988 Foliage Expo trade show in Hallandale, Florida to seek their opinions on the performance of the show, to better understand the buyer profile, and gain insight into the effectiveness of these shows as marketing tools. Based on the results of this survey, it appears that an important target group, namely the retail trade sector, were not being drawn in sufficient numbers to this particular trade show. These findings indicate that sponsors may not have clearly identified the intended audience, determined unambiguously the preferences of this audience, nor effectively advertised and promoted the trade exhibition.
Effect of the Amount of Dormant Pruning on Growth and Water Use of Containerized Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia × Fauriei ‘Tuscarora’)
Authors: Zajicek Jayne M. , Steinberg Susan L. , McFarland M.J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the effects of different dormant pruning treatments on subsequent plant development and water use of crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia × Fauriei Koehne ‘Tuscarora’) transplanted into containers. Dormant, bare-root plants were pruned to the normal practice of a 30% reduction of existing shoot length by heading back and thinning of weak branches. Plants were randomly assigned to 3 pruning treatments including: 1) control—no further pruning, 2) shoot pruned—an additional 50% reduction of remaining shoot length for a total of 65% reduction in shoot length, or 3) a 50% reduction of root area in addition to the 30% reduction in shoot length. Fifty percent (50%) root pruning severely reduced earliness of bud-break and plant survival when compared to either the control or the 65% shoot pruning treatments. Earliest bud-break and highest plant survival were rated for plants in the 65% shoot pruned treatment. Plants in the 50% root pruned treatment had a significantly higher number of terminal shoots, but average shoot lengths were significantly shorter when compared to plants in the 65% shoot pruned treatment. At final harvest there were no significant differences in mean dry weights and leaf area, total shoot length, or average water use between treatments. However, a large plant to plant variation in growth and water use due to the pruning treatments was observed. Plants in the 50% root pruned treatment were less uniform in size and water use as compared to control plants or 65% shoot pruned plants which exhibited the greatest uniformity.
Manganese Binding by Municipal Waste Composts Used as Potting Media
Authors: Broschat Timothy K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Queen palms (Syagrus romanzoffiana (Chamisso) Glassman) grown in several types of sewage sludge compost media developed severe Mn deficiency symptoms. Seventy of the symptoms was correlated with DTPA-extractable Mn levels in the media and with leaf Mn content, but not with total media Mn. Compost media tied up over 70% of Mn added to samples within one hour, versus 62% or less for a pine bark, sedge peat, and sand medium. Analysis of autoclaved media samples suggested that some of the Mn tie up in garbage and yard trash composts is caused by microorganisms, but microorganisms had little effect on the binding potential of sludge and manure composts.
Growth Habit of Weigela florida as Affected by Stock Plant Propagation History
Authors: Ghrist Angela C. , Stephens Loren C. , Weigle Jack L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The effects of stock plant propagation history on the growth habits of Weigela florida (Bunge) A.D.C. ‘Red Prince’ and ‘7755’ were investigated. The growth habits of cuttings from tissue culture (TC)-propagated and conventionally (CV) propagated plants were compared. In the first vegetative generation, TC-propagated plants of both cultivars exhibited reduced apical dominance and increased branching in comparison with CV propagated plants. In the second vegetative generation, some of the effects of TC-propagation persisted in plants of both cultivars, although TC-propagated plants exhibited fewer differences in growth habit as compared with CV propagated plants. The results of this study indicate that TC-derived stock plants and first-vegetative-generation TC-propagated plants may serve as superior sources of propagation material by providing an increase in both the quantity and quality of cuttings that they produce.
Evaluation of Six Herbicides for Potential Use in Tree Seed Beds
Authors: Warren S.L. , Skroch W.A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Five herbicides, Pennant, Surflan, Devrinol, Ornamental Herbicide 2, and Ronstar, were applied over newly seeded deciduous trees immediately after seeding and Poast was applied when seedlings were actively growing. The trees were river birch, pin oak, willow oak, redbud, flowering dogwood, sugar maple, and sweet gum. No seedlings were damaged by Pennant (4.5 kg/ha) or Poast. Ornamental Herbicide 2 and Ronstar severely damaged river birch, flowering dogwood, and sugar maple. Surflan damaged sugar maple. Devrinol damaged flowering dogwood. Data herein suggest that each species must be evaluated separately for herbicide tolerance.
Rodenticides for the Control of Pine and Meadow Voles in Orchards
Authors: Byers Ross E. , Carbaugh David H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Two new anticoagulants (bromadiolone—90% control) and (difethialone—87% control) gave excellent control of voles in field and laboratory tests. The older anticoagulants, chlorophacinone—84% control and diphacinone—75% control, and two zinc phosphide formulations (Bell Labs—84% control and Hopkins—79% control) also gave excellent field control of voles. The Ridall zinc phosphide formulation—61% control, and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)—59% control did not perform as well as the other rodenticides previously mentioned. The antibiotic, oxytetracycline, killed from 40% to 80% of pine and meadow voles in laboratory trials when applied to cut apples, but only 10 to 30% when pelletized baits were presented. In a mixed pine and meadow vole orchard population, zinc phosphide raised the ratio of surviving pine to meadow voles while anticoagulants lowered the ratio. Thus, the rotation of rodenticides is thought to be desirable to prevent the shift of one species to the other in mixed populations and to prevent bait shyness from developing to zinc phosphide.
Estimating Visitor Use-Value of Arboreta: The Case of the University of Tennessee Arboretum2
Authors: Downing Mark , Roberts Roland K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Many studies have estimated demand functions for visits to recreation sites. Several included commonly defined recreation-based areas such as beaches, parks, lakes and rivers, but excluded examination of horticulturally significant sites such as botanic gardens and arboreta. This study estimates user-demand and consumer surplus for visits to the University of Tennessee Arboretum by the travel cost method. Results suggest that travel cost and income of consumers are important determinants of demand, at least in the case of visits to the University of Tennessee Arboretum, and that consumer-use value may be derived from this demand. Consumer-use value is estimated to be $20.43 per person.
Leaf Gas Exchange of Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) Grown Under Sun and Shade
Authors: Norcini Jeffrey G. , Knox Gary W. , Andersen Peter C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Leaf physiology of eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) was assessed under natural photoperiod when grown in 100% sun or under polyethylene shade with a light transmittance of 69%, 47%, or 29% sun. Net CO2 assimilation rate (A) was similar under 100%, 69%, and 47% sun; A was reduced under 29% sun. Adaptations to shade included a near perpendicular leaf orientation to the sun, reduction in specific leaf weight (SLW), and a decreased chlorophyll a: chlorophyll b ratio. Conversely, eastern redbud adapted to 100% sun by manifesting an increased SLW and a vertical orientation of leaves that curled inward toward the midrib. Light response curves were similar for sun- and shade-acclimatized plants. When all data were analyzed collectively, A was most closely related to photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) (R2 = 0.52), whereas stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs) was primarily influenced by vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (R2 = 0.75). Hence, A and gs were not well correlated (R2 = 0.41). The lack of strong coupling between A and gs allowed the stomates to remain open under low PPF, resulting in an elevated intercellular CO2 concentration. Thus, A was stimulated above what might have normally occurred under low PPF.
DIVERSIFICANDO LA EVALUACIÓN EN LA PRÁCTICA PEDAGÓGICA: ORIENTACIONES DESDE LA NORMATIVA LEGAL Y UN IMPULSO HACIA LA INCLUSIÓN PARA LA JUSTICIA SOCIAL
Authors: Garate Vergara Francisco 
Published: August 2020

El presente escrito tiene su concepción en el desarrollo de una escuela inclusiva para la justicia social, en donde la evaluación es un elemento pendiente y cuya comprensión ayudará para el logro de una educación de calidad y transformadora. Se busca mostrar la visión y características pedagógicas con la implementación de las nuevas políticas educativas en torno a la diversidad e inclusión, con respecto al diseño universal de los aprendizajes y la vinculación con la evaluación para el aprendizaje y, desde este elemento, un impulso para la justicia social. Se cuestiona cómo se entregan elementos con vacíos pedagógicos en base a la enseñanza – aprendizaje y evaluación de los aprendizajes, sin considerar la diversidad presente en las aulas y el aprendizaje de toda la comunidad educativa. Se generan recomendaciones de cambio cultural y participativo y en la diversificación de las técnicas e instrumentos, en torno a las competencias curriculares. Se indica una evaluación completa y compleja en base a las habilidades, contenidos y actitudes desarrolladas y evaluadas con diversas técnicas e instrumentos, que aportarán para el logro de una evaluación diversificada para la inclusión de calidad educativa en el sistema educativo chileno, promoviendo la transformación de la escuela en pos de la justicia social.
Using Domain-specific Fingerprints Generated Through Neural Networks to Enhance Ligand-based Virtual Screening.
Authors: Menke Janosch , Koch Oliver 
Published: August 2020

Molecular fingerprints are essential for different cheminformatics approaches like similarity-based virtual screening. In this work, the concept of neural (network) fingerprints in the context of similarity search is introduced in which the activation of the last hidden layer of a trained neural network represents the molecular fingerprint. The neural fingerprint performance of five different neural network architectures was analyzed and compared to the well-established Extended Connectivity Fingerprint (ECFP) and an autoencoder-based fingerprint. This is done using a published compound dataset with known bioactivity on 160 different kinase targets. We expect neural networks to combine information about the molecular space ofalready known bioactive compounds together with the information on the molecular structure of the query and by doing so enrich the fingerprint. The results show that indeed neural fingerprints can greatly improve the performance of similarity searches. Most importantly, it could be shown that the neural fingerprint performs well even for kinase targets that were not included in the training. Surprisingly, while Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are thought to offer an advantageous alternative, the best performing neural fingerprints were based on traditional fully connected layers using the ECFP4 as input. The best performing kinase-specific neural fingerprint will be provided for public use.
The Effect of Acute High Intensity Interval Training on Alertness and Executive Function in Basketball Player
Authors: Limyati Yenni , Budiman Iwan , Harja Ryan Setyadi , Ibrahim Iqbal 
Published: August 2020

Kelelahan dan kurang tidur pada pemain basket dapat menyebabkan penurunan kewaspadaan dan fungsi eksekutif sehingga mengganggu kinerja olahraga. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) akut terhadap peningkatan kewaspadaan dan fungsi eksekutif pada pemain basket. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental semu yang bersifat analitik dengan desain pre test-post test. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 30 orang laki- laki pemain basket yang diberi perlakuan HIIT dengan melakukan 12 gerakan yang masing – masing gerakannya berdurasi 30 detik dan diselingi dengan istirahat antara gerakan satu dengan gerakan lainnya selama 10 detik sesuai dengan aplikasi 7-minute workout dalam satu kali pertemuan (akut). Data yang diukur adalah waktu (detik) yang dibutuhkan dalam menyelesaikan Johnson-Pascal Test dan Trail Making Test Part ‘B’ sebelum dan sesudah melakukan HIIT. Analisis data menggunakan uji “t” berpasangan (? = 0,05). Hasil penelitian rerata Johnson Pascal Test post test 108,17 detik (SD ± 14,842) lebih cepat daripada rerata pre test 129,43 detik (SD ± 19,977) (p<0,05). Hasil rerata Trail Making Test Part ‘B’ post test 29,64 detik (SD ± 11,99) lebih cepat daripada rerata pre test 44,91 detik (SD ± 16,33) (p<0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa HIIT akut meningkatkan kewaspadaan dan fungsi eksekutif pada pemain basket.

Kata kunci: HIIT; kewaspadaan; fungsi eksekutif; kurang tidur; pemain basket