bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma – a systematic review
Authors: Hendrickx Alexandra , Cozzio Antonio , Plasswilm Ludwig , Panje Cédric M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLentigo maligna (LM) is the most common subtype of in situ melanoma und occurs frequently in the sun-exposed head and neck region in elderly patients. The therapeutic “gold standard” is surgical excision, as there is the risk of progression to invasive (lentigo maligna) melanoma (LMM). However, surgery is not feasible in certain patients due to age, comorbidities or patient preference. Radiotherapy using Grenz rays or superficial X-rays has been established as non-invasive alternative for the treatment of LM and LMM. We performed a systematic literature search of MEDLINE and Embase databases in September 2019 and identified 14 patient series using radiotherapy for LM or LMM. No prospective trials were found. The 14 studies reported a total of 1243 lesions (1075 LM and 168 LMM) treated with radiotherapy. Local recurrence rates ranged from 0 to 31% and were comparable to surgical series in most of the reports on radiotherapy. Superficial radiotherapy was prescribed in 5–23 fractions with a total dose of 35–57 Gy. Grenz ray therapy was prescribed in 42–160 Gy in 3–13 fractions with single doses up to 20 Gy. Cosmetic results were reported as “good” to “excellent” for the majority of patients.In conclusion, the available low-level evidence suggests that radiotherapy may be a safe and effective treatment for LM and LMM. Data from prospective trials such as the phase 3 RADICAL trial are needed to confirm these promising findings and to compare radiotherapy to other non-surgical therapies and to surgery.
Neurofibromatosis I and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bergqvist Christina , Hemery François , Ferkal Salah , Wolkenstein Pierre 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is one of the most common autosomal dominant genetic disorders with a birth incidence as high as 1:2000. It is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene on chromosome 17 which encodes neurofibromin, a regulator of neuronal differentiation. While NF1 individuals are predisposed to develop benign and malignant nervous system tumors, various non-tumoral neurological conditions including multiple sclerosis (MS) have also been reported to occur more frequently in NF1. The number of epidemiologic studies on MS in NF1 individuals is very limited. The aim of this study was to determine the estimated population proportion of MS in NF1 patients followed in our Referral Centre for Neurofibromatosis using the Informatics for Integrated Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) platform to extract information from the hospital’s electronic health records. We found a total 1507 patients with confirmed NF1, aged 18 years (y) and above (mean age 39.2y, range 18-88y; 57% women). Five NF1 individuals were found to have MS, yielding an estimated population proportion of 3.3 per 1000 (0.0033, 95% Confidence Interval 0.0014–0.0077). The median age at diagnosis was 45 y (range 28–49 y). Three patients had relapsing-remitting MS and two patients had secondary progressive MS. Patients with NF1 were found to be twice more likely to develop MS than the general population in France (odds ratio 2.2), however this result was not statistically significant (95% Confidence Interval 0.91–5.29). Our results show that patients with NF1 might have a slight increased tendency to develop MS; however, due to the small sample size of our study, the results may not be sufficiently powered to detect this rare association. Large-scale epidemiological studies based on nationwide datasets are needed to confirm our findings. These findings further emphasize the need for a focused follow-up of patients with NF1, as early detection and management of MS can prevent further neurological disability.
Multiplex HPV RNA in situ hybridization/p16 immunohistochemistry: a novel approach to detect papillomavirus in HPV-related cancers. A novel multiplex ISH/IHC assay to detect HPV
Authors: Zito Marino Federica , Ronchi Andrea , Stilo Marianna , Cozzolino Immacolata , La Mantia Elvira , Colacurci Nicola , Colella Giuseppe , Franco Renato 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is notoriously associated with tumor progression in a broad spectrum of malignancies. Detection of HR-HPV is clinically important in the management of HPV-related carcinomas, particularly in cervical cancer and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Several methods for HPV detection are currently available including Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques, DNA in situ hybridization (ISH), RNA ISH, and p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC). Currently, the guidelines for HPV detection in cervical carcinoma are available, while no clear consensus has not yet been reached on the gold standard for HPV testing in OPSCC. Multimodality testing could help to reliably identify patients with transcriptionally active high-risk HPV-positive.

Methods
We propose a multiplex approach carrying out HPV RNA ISH and p16 IHC on the same slide to detect simultaneously HPV E6/E7 transcripts and p16INK4a overexpression. We tested this assay in two different series one of the cervical cancers with p16-positive, as control, and the other of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas with blind p16 status.

Results
The multiplex HPV RNA ISH /p16 IHC results in the series both of the cervical cancers and the oral-oropharyngeal cancers were fully concordant with the previous results achieved through the classic p16 IHC and HPV RNA scope carried out on two different slides.

Conclusions
Our results suggesting several advantages of this technical approach, namely an easy interpretation fully in the light field, the feasibility in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections, complete automation and a potential wide spreadable for routine testing in several clinical laboratories.
The association of partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide with neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an explorative International Cardiac Arrest Registry 2.0 study
Authors: Ebner Florian , Riker Richard R. , Haxhija Zana , Seder David B. , May Teresa L. , Ullén Susann , Stammet Pascal , Hirsch Karen , Forsberg Sune , Dupont Allison , Friberg Hans , McPherson John A. , Søreide Eldar , Dankiewicz Josef , Cronberg Tobias , Nielsen Niklas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Exposure to extreme arterial partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) following the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is common and may affect neurological outcome but results of previous studies are conflicting.

Methods
Exploratory study of the International Cardiac Arrest Registry (INTCAR) 2.0 database, including 2162 OHCA patients with ROSC in 22 intensive care units in North America and Europe. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to extreme PaO2 or PaCO2 values within 24 h after OHCA is associated with poor neurological outcome at discharge. Our primary analyses investigated the association between extreme PaO2 and PaCO2 values, defined as hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 40 kPa), hypoxemia (PaO2 < 8.0 kPa), hypercapnemia (PaCO2 > 6.7 kPa) and hypocapnemia (PaCO2 < 4.0 kPa) and neurological outcome. The secondary analyses tested the association between the exposure combinations of PaO2 > 40 kPa with PaCO2 < 4.0 kPa and PaO2 8.0–40 kPa with PaCO2 > 6.7 kPa and neurological outcome. To define a cut point for the onset of poor neurological outcome, we tested a model with increasing and decreasing PaO2 levels and decreasing PaCO2 levels. Cerebral Performance Category (CPC), dichotomized to good (CPC 1–2) and poor (CPC 3–5) was used as outcome measure.

Results
Of 2135 patients eligible for analysis, 700 were exposed to hyperoxemia or hypoxemia and 1128 to hypercapnemia or hypocapnemia. Our primary analyses did not reveal significant associations between exposure to extreme PaO2 or PaCO2 values and neurological outcome (P = 0.13–0.49). Our secondary analyses showed no significant associations between combinations of PaO2 and PaCO2 and neurological outcome (P = 0.11–0.86). There was no PaO2 or PaCO2 level significantly associated with poor neurological outcome. All analyses were adjusted for relevant co-variates.

Conclusions
Exposure to extreme PaO2 or PaCO2 values in the first 24 h after OHCA was common, but not independently associated with neurological outcome at discharge.
Abscess of the clivus in an adolescent with complicated acute rhinosinusitis: a case report
Authors: Solimeno Lorenzo , Torretta Sara , Marchisio Paola , Iofrida Elisabetta , Bosis Samantha , Tagliabue Claudia , Di Pietro Giada Maria , Pignataro Lorenzo , Guastella Claudio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Complications of acute sinusitis affecting multiple sites are very uncommon, and generally develop for a delayed diagnosis of the primary infection, with possible severe and life-threatening evolution. Patients can have variable presentations according to the site and extent of the infection. Multiple forms generally include the coexistence of orbital manifestations and intracranial infections. We here present a case with unusual multiple sites locations (i.e.: intraorbital intraconic abscess, sigmoid sinus thrombosis, preclival abscess, multiple splanchnocranium osteomyelitic processes).

Case presentation
A 13-year-old male presented at our hospital with right progressive orbital oedema with eyesight worsening and signs of meningitis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MRI) demonstrated right intraorbital intraconic abscess, left sphenoidal sinusitis, transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis. Ophthalmologic evaluation documented a right optic nerve sufferance. Endoscopic and superior right trans-palpebral surgical decompression was performed, and the abscess was drained. Microbiological analysis revealed the presence of multi-sensitive Streptococcus Intermedius. Subsequent prolonged antibiotic and anti-thrombotic treatments were started. In the following two-weeks the sinusal and ophthalmologic clinical conditions improved, whereas the patients complained of mild to moderate cervical pain and suffered from intermittent pyrexia. Control MRI documented clival abscess extending up to preclival soft tissues posterior to the nasopharynx, associated with mandible osteomyelitis, occipital condyles and anterior part of the temporal bone hyper intensity. Endoscopic trans-nasal surgical approach to the clival compartment with neurosurgery navigation-guided achieved preclival abscess drainage. Complete clinical and radiological recovery was achieved after 45 days of medical treatment.

Conclusions
Multiple sites complicated rhinosinusitis is uncommon, and its management is challenging. A proper history and thorough clinical examination along with a radiological evaluation are key factors in the final diagnosis of patients with complicated multiple sites acute rhinosinusitis. A quick multidisciplinary approach is always necessary to avoid unwanted life-threatening complications.
Somalier: rapid relatedness estimation for cancer and germline studies using efficient genome sketches
Authors: Pedersen Brent S. , Bhetariya Preetida J. , Brown Joe , Kravitz Stephanie N. , Marth Gabor , Jensen Randy L. , Bronner Mary P. , Underhill Hunter R. , Quinlan Aaron R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhen interpreting sequencing data from multiple spatial or longitudinal biopsies, detecting sample mix-ups is essential, yet more difficult than in studies of germline variation. In most genomic studies of tumors, genetic variation is detected through pairwise comparisons of the tumor and a matched normal tissue from the sample donor. In many cases, only somatic variants are reported, which hinders the use of existing tools that detect sample swaps solely based on genotypes of inherited variants. To address this problem, we have developed Somalier, a tool that operates directly on alignments and does not require jointly called germline variants. Instead, Somalier extracts a small sketch of informative genetic variation for each sample. Sketches from hundreds of germline or somatic samples can then be compared in under a second, making Somalier a useful tool for measuring relatedness in large cohorts. Somalier produces both text output and an interactive visual report that facilitates the detection and correction of sample swaps using multiple relatedness metrics.ResultsWe introduce the tool and demonstrate its utility on a cohort of five glioma samples each with a normal, tumor, and cell-free DNA sample. Applying Somalier to high-coverage sequence data from the 1000 Genomes Project also identifies several related samples. We also demonstrate that it can distinguish pairs of whole-genome and RNA-seq samples from the same individuals in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project.ConclusionsSomalier is a tool that can rapidly evaluate relatedness from sequencing data. It can be applied to diverse sequencing data types and genome builds and is available under an MIT license atgithub.com/brentp/somalier.
Lower serum chromogranin B level is associated with type 1 diabetes and with type 2 diabetes patients with intensive conservative insulin treatment
Authors: Herold Zoltan , Herold Magdolna , Rosta Klara , Doleschall Marton , Somogyi Aniko 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Chromogranin B (CgB) plays an important role in the physiological insulin secretion of pancreatic beta cells. Serum CgB levels were investigated in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients in a cross-sectional study.

Methods
An observational cross-sectional study was performed with the inclusion of 94 control subjects, 100 type 1 and 100 type 2 diabetes patients, at the Metabolic Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University. Serum CgB levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Serum CgB level was lower in type 1 diabetes patients than in matched control subjects (p = 0.0241), while they were equal in type 2 diabetes patients and controls (p = 0.1698). The subgroup of type 2 diabetes patients who received intensive conservative insulin treatment had significantly lower CgB levels compared to those with other regimens of antidiabetic therapies (p = 0.0283).

Conclusion
The lower serum CgB levels in the patients with type 1 diabetes and the type 2 diabetes patients with progressed disease stage suggested that the CgB production might be decreased due to the beta cell destruction and depletion.
On-line virtual patient learning: a pilot study of a new modality in antimicrobial stewardship education for pediatric residents
Authors: Alshengeti Amer , Slayter Kathryn , Black Emily , Top Karina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Our objective was to develop and validate a virtual patient (VP) learning module to educate pediatric residents about antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) principles. A VP module on complicated pneumonia was developed by experts in AMS and pediatric infectious diseases using the online platform DecisionSim™. Decision points were based on AMS principles (diagnosis, antimicrobial selection, dosing, de-escalation, route, duration). Pediatric residents in all training levels at a tertiary pediatric hospital were recruited to test the VP module. Knowledge was assessed via a multiple choice questionnaire. Mean knowledge scores were compared before, after, and 4 months after completing the module using Generalized Linear Mixed Repeated Measures (RM) Analysis. Resident satisfaction was assessed using a validated questionnaire.

Results
Seven of 24 pediatric residents (Years 1–4) completed the VP module and pre- and post-module questionnaires. Mean knowledge scores before, immediately after and 4 months after the module were 58.2%, 66.6%, and 71.6%, respectively. The change in knowledge across time was significant (p < 0.001). Residents were satisfied with the module as an AMS learning strategy.
Defeating data hiding in social networks using generative adversarial network
Authors: Wang Huaqi , Qian Zhenxing , Feng Guorui , Zhang Xinpeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs a large number of images are transmitted through social networks every moment, terrorists may hide data into images to convey secret data. Various types of images are mixed up in the social networks, and it is difficult for the servers of social networks to detect whether the images are clean. To prevent the illegal communication, this paper proposes a method of defeating data hiding by removing the secret data without impacting the original media content. The method separates the clean images from illegal images using the generative adversarial network (GAN), in which a deep residual network is used as a generator. Therefore, hidden data can be removed and the quality of the processed images can be well maintained. Experimental results show that the proposed method can prevent secret transmission effectively and preserve the processed images with high quality.
Context-aware auction solution of cooperative fish market monitoring system for intelligent user
Authors: Seo Yeong-Seok , Huh Jun-Ho 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study proposes a context-aware auction solution suitable for the intelligent user. The solution informs the most reasonable prices for brokers after considering the size of each species of the catch along with other information and their effects on the fish price. This solution is expected to improve the safety of the catch and increase the competitiveness of auction sites by introducing a digitalized auction system to replace the traditional analog system which could be unsanitary sometimes. The solution’s Unified Modeling Language has been developed with Java Android and the data obtained from the proposed solution is useful in simplifying the bidding process, avoiding over-heated bidding, or stabilizing the fish prices for consumers in the distribution process starting from a broker, distributor and then to consumers. Such a simplified procedure will be able to maintain the freshness of the catch and strengthen the food safety as well as the competitiveness of auction sites, assisting brokers who often experience some difficulties in making a decision on the bidding price due to many variables. This study has focused on the new paradigms, software, middleware and systems for intelligent user. Thus, cost reduction was considered mainly in terms of software engineering. The proposed system is to be supplied with a price 30% less than the existing systems.
Evaluation of antihypertensive polyphenols of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings via their effects on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition
Authors: Ra Ji-Eun , Woo So-Yeun , Jin Hui , Lee Mi Ja , Kim Hyun Young , Ham Hyeonmi , Chung Ill-Min , Seo Woo Duck 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAngiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an important therapeutic target in the regulation of high blood pressure. This study was conducted to investigate the alterations in blood pressure associated with ACE inhibition activity of the polyphenols (1–10), including 3-O-feruloylquinic acid (1), lutonarin (2), saponarin (3), isoorientin (4), orientin (5), isovitexin (6), isoorientin-7-O-[6-sinapoyl]-glucoside (7), isoorientin-7-O-[6-feruloyl]-glucoside (8), isovitexin-7-O-[6-sinapoyl]-glucoside (9), and isovitexin-7-O-[6-feruloyl]-glucoside (10), isolated from barley seedlings (BS). All the isolated polyphenols exhibited comparable IC50 values of ACE inhibition activity (7.3–43.8 µM) with quercetin (25.2 ± 0.2 µM) as a positive control, and their inhibition kinetic models were identified as noncompetitive inhibition. Especially, compound 4 was revealed to be an outstanding ACE inhibitor (IC50 = 7.3 ± 0.1 µM, Ki = 6.6 ± 0.1 µM). Based on the compound structure–activity relationships, the free hydroxyl groups of flavone-moieties and glucose connections at the A ring of the flavone moieties were important factors for inhibition of ACE. The alcohol extract of BS also demonstrated potent ACE inhibition activity (66.5% ± 2.2% at 5000 µg mL−1). The polyphenols from BS had strong inhibitory activity on ACE and this study results suggest that BS can be used as an effective blood pressure regulator through ACE inhibition.
Morphological variation in two sigmodontine rodents along the mainland and the Fuegian archipelago in Chilean southern Patagonia
Authors: Valladares-Gómez Alejandro , Huenumilla-Linares Marcela , Rodríguez-Serrano Enrique , Hernández Cristián E. , Palma R. Eduardo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Analysis of morphological variation in archipelagos has been essential to understand the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates. In particular, these natural scenarios allow to assess morphological changes experienced by insular fauna compared to their mainland counterparts. In mammals, morphological changes of insular forms have been observed in size and shape of body and cranial traits. The southern Patagonia of Chile represents a unique scenario to analyze morphological variation in two of the most widely distributed small rodents along western southern South America: Abrothrix olivacea and Oligoryzomys longicaudatus.

Methods
We applied linear and three-dimensional geometric morphometric tools to analyze the variation in cranial morphology of A. olivacea (N = 80) and O. longicaudatus (N = 49). Sampled localities were distributed in the mainland and islands of the Fuegian archipelago in Chilean Patagonia. Standard multivariate methods, as Principal Components Analysis, and Logistic Regression models were carried out to evaluate differences in size and shape of crania.

Results
We detected higher levels of morphological variation in the crania of A. olivacea if compared to O. longicaudatus. The variation was associated to cranial size instead of shape.
We observed significant differences between insular and mainland individuals in A. olivacea, being the cranium size of this species significantly bigger on islands. Indeed, specimens of A. olivacea from “Isla Wellington”, exhibited the higher increment in cranium size compared to any other mainland and insular site sampled for this species. In contrast, insular and mainland forms of O. longicaudatus did not show significant differences in cranial morphology.

Conclusions
We suggest that the patterns of morphological variation observed in these two small rodents along Patagonia, could be explained in terms of the historical biogeography of the region, and the different ecological features of the studied species.