bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vestlig journalistik i Østblokken under den kolde krig. Temaer, tilgange, teser
Authors: Boel Bent 
Published: March 2020

Bent Boel: Western Journalism and Soviet Bloc Dissidents During the Cold War: Themes, Approaches, Theses
The role of journalism in international relations is a field which increasingly is attracting scholars’ attention. Cold War history is no exception in that regard. This article tries to identify themes, approaches and theses in the emerging literature dealing with Western journalists’ role in the Soviet Bloc during the Cold War. It more particularly discusses an issue which figures prominently in the new scholarship, namely the relationship between Western journalists and Soviet Bloc dissidents. Reflecting the bias of the literature, most examples draw on the Soviet case. The bulk of the literature on Cold War journalism discusses American (subsidiarily British) journalists in the Soviet Union and West German journalists in either the USSR or the GDR. As is shown in the article, a number of recent publications have contributed to our understanding of Western journalism in the Soviet Union and the GDR. They have, among other things, thrown new light on the working conditions of the journalists, their role as political actors, and in particular their relationship with Soviet Bloc dissidents. However, it also seems clear that we need substantially more research before we can draw firmer conclusions concerning these themes. An illustrative example could be the relationship between journalists and dissidents. One thesis developed in the new literature is that Western journalists developed a close relationship with Soviet dissidents in the late 1960s and early 1970s. To the extent that this is correct, it is an important finding, which to some degree relativizes the much celebrated impact of the so-called Helsinki process. However, it raises a number of questions. In particular, a number of contemporary testimonies point to a less homogeneous view of the Moscow correspondents: their reactions to the dissidents differed considerably and, presumably, so did their newspapers reports. And there are rather conflicting views on the attitudes of different groups of journalists. Such issues certainly deserve further investigation. In addition, a major problem with the existing literature is that it overwhelmingly focuses on the Soviet Union while ignoring other Soviet Bloc countries. Apart from the special case of West German journalism in the GDR, very little has been written about Western Journalism in Eastern Europe during the Cold War. Still another lacuna is the analysis of the journalistic output and its reception. While there are studies of media coverage of specific issues, more thorough and larger studies are required if we are to understand the possible impact of the media on international relations in this period, including, as some claim, on the ending of the Cold War.
Skrevet på papir og skind. Mesoamerikanske manuskripter fra præcolumbiansk tid til kolonitiden
Authors: Nielsen Jesper , Helmke Christophe , Balle Maja 
Published: March 2020

Jesper Nielsen, Christophe Helmke & Maja Balle: Written on Paper and Hides: Mesoamerican Manuscripts from Pre-Columbian to Colonial Times
A series of important Pre-Columbian civilizations thrived in the culture area known as Mesoamerica. Among these were the Olmec, Maya, Mixtec and Aztec, literate cultures of different language families. Mesoamerica is one of the very few hearths of literacy in the ancient world, since it is here that writing was invented in the New World, independently of the development of writing in the Old World, as seen in Egypt and Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley and China. Whereas the earliest ancestral writing system of Mesoamerica remains elusive it eventually gave rise to as many as ten different writing systems, of which only that of the Maya and the Aztec have succumbed to phonetic decipherment. This contribution provides a thorough overview of Meso­american literature, as represented in the manuscripts that subsist to the present day. As such we do not review the written records inscribed on stone monuments or portable objects and items of regalia, nor the texts painted on murals. Instead, focus is placed on the manuscripts that represent Pre-Columbian literary traditions, both in terms of format, as well as the coupling of images and texts, written in one or another Native American writing system. All of these manuscripts were produced by Native American scribes in the decades preceding and following the Spanish Conquest, although some manuscripts exhibit some degree of European influence and the beginnings of a hybrid Indo-Christian style. We present a background on books and scribes, as well as Mesoamerican writing systems as these are understood today. From there we review the three salient areas of manuscript production in Mesoamerica, namely, the Aztec tradition of central Mexico, the intervening tradition spanning from Puebla to Oaxaca, describing in detail the Mixtec mapa from the town of Xochitepec which is part of the Danish National Museum’s collection, and finally, the Maya tradition in the east. To close we take a look at the continued production and utilisation of Mesoamerican manuscripts, not only for the illicit art market, but also among traditional communities, where manuscripts are still integrated into ritual life and where traces of the Pre-Columbian scribal arts subsist to this day.
‘Den nye kvinde’ i det tidlige 1900-tals kulturdebat og litteratur
Authors: Busk-Jensen Lise 
Published: March 2020

Lise Busk-Jensen: ‘The New Woman’ in the early 1900s cultural debate and literature
In the latter half of the nineteenth century, men expanded their political and social liberties of action to such an extent that they undermined the patriarchal marriage and the traditional gender system. It provoked a heated cultural debate about women’s changing social situation and new identity. After the turn of the century, the fight for the right to vote became the major goal of woman’s rights movements, but opinions were divided concerning the definition of a modern woman and how she could best be included in society. In particular, the article deals with two of the major debates from the first decade of the twentieth century; namely the discussion in 1905 about Gyrithe Lemche’s criticism of Agnes Henningsen’s novels for solely focussing on women’s erotic identity, and the discussion in 1907 about the theatre censorship that banned the staging of Hjalmar Bergstrøm’s play Karen Bornemann about women’s right to enjoy sexual relations outside of marriage. Female writers joined in the debate and contributed with their own literary depictions of ‘the new woman.’ Agnes Henningsen’s heroines would be erotically liberated and would play an active role in their love relationships. Thit Jensen’s heroines would uncover a personal identity and publicly fight for their opinions. Gyrithe Lemche would create space for women’s abilities and motherly experience in the community, while Karin Michaëlis was intent on providing the numerous silent women, young ignorant girls and oppressed housewives with their own voice in literature. The article shows the positions of the gender debates and analyses women types in the four authorships’ early period as a spectrum of the possibilities created by women’s life outside of the family.
Apokryfer. “Krigshumor” opsamlet af Vilhelm Bergstrøm 1939-45
Authors: Lauridsen John T. 
Published: March 2020

John T. Lauridsen: Apocrypha. ‘Krigshumor’ (War humour) collected by Vilhelm Bergstrøm from 1939 to 1945
The article presents and publishes journalist Vilhelm Bergstrøm’s collection of humorous stories from the period 1939–45. The article begins with an argument for the importance of humour in the creation and shaping of public opinion. The structure and tendencies in the 215 stories are examined, and the question is asked if humour had a peak, to which it answers yes – humour peaked in 1941–42. Finally, the article provides an opinion as to which were the most important sources of inspiration for the humour, (daily events) and also accounts for who Bergstrøm’s informants were, first and foremost his network of journalists in Copenhagen.
Et dansk-norsk provinstrykkeri. Nye perspektiver på opprettelsen av det første boktrykkeri i Norge
Authors: Bjerke Ernst 
Published: March 2020

Ernst Bjerke: A Danish-Norwegian provincial press. New perspectives on the establishment of the first printing press in Norway
It is often stated as a matter of fact that Norway, independent only since 1814, was one of the last European countries to have its own printing press. That a press was finally set up in Christiania in 1643 is usually ascribed to the private initiative of the prolific theologian Christen Bang. However, Norway was at the time a province of Denmark, whose centralized government did not allow the establishment of provincial presses until the early 17th century. The first press in Norway must be viewed as one of a number of permanent presses set up in the provinces at this time. Furthermore, the decision to allow a press in Christiania is clearly connected with the foundation, a few years earlier, of a gymnasium, an academy of sorts, in connection with the old cathedral school. There are several examples of presses connected with institutions of learning in Denmark, and Christiania, with its gymnasium, conforms to this model. While Bang may have invited the first printer to establish his press in Christiania, he could not have done so without the express permission of central government, and were it not for the gymnasium, the printer would not have found work. Christiania’s first printer became entangled in a lawsuit against his patron and left town after only one year. When it came to appointing a successor, the sources reveal that government, both locally in Christiania and centrally in Copenhagen, took firm charge, in order to provide the press with tenable conditions. The printer was provided with a fixed wage, and there is even reason to believe that the Christiania press was exempted from centralized censorship in Copenhagen. The Christiania press ought not to be considered as one of the last national presses to be established in Europe (its influence, anyway, never reached far past Christiania’s walls), and not as the accomplishment of one private individual. It was in fact one of the earliest provincial presses in the Danish state, established as part of a general expansion of institutions of learning undertaken by the state at that time.
Anders Sørensen Vedels Marsk Stig-håndskrift. To kommentarer til Svend Clausens afhandling i Fund og Forskning 55, 2016
Authors: Boserup Ivan , Christensen Karsten 
Published: March 2020

Ivan Boserup & Karsten Christensen: Anders Sørensen Vedel’s manuscript about Marshal Stig. Two comments on Svend Clausen’s thesis in Fund og Forskning 55, 2016
Svend Clausen has in vol. 55 of Fund og Forskning called attention to a lost and “forgotten” parchment manuscript described by Anders Sørensen Vedel in 1595 as “The History of Marshal Stig” containing key documents related to the trial which followed the assassination in Finderup Grange of King Eric V ‘Glipping’ of Denmark (1259–1286). Clausen’s evidence consists of registrations of manuscripts known only through their titles, which had been available to the Danish historians Anders Sørensen Vedel (1542–1616), Niels Krag (1550–1602), and Jon Jakobsen ‘Venusinus’ (1563–1608), but appear ultimately to have burned in the fire of Copenhagen in 1728. The sources referred to by Clausen were published in one case by H. F. Rørdam in 1874, in all other cases in the appendix to S. Birket Smith’s History of the University Library of Copenhagen, 1882, reprinted 1982. Apparently inspired by a casual remark made in 1891 by the then very young historian Mouritz Mackeprang, Svend Clausen argues that despite the lack of extant copies and quotations etc., the manuscript’s supposedly exclusively judicial contents and allegedly very considerable volume reveal the “existence” of such an important source that future research on the background and consequences of the royal assassination must take much more account of this lost source than has been the case until now. Reviewing Svend Clausen’s arguments, Ivan Boserup corrects Rørdam’s and Clausen’s incomplete reading of the source on which the latter builds his identification of Vedel’s manuscript with descriptions of a lost manuscript “Concerning King Eric [Glipping],” and rejects Clausen’s interpretation of “… cum adversariis ac diversis” (Clausen seems unaware of the literary concept of adversaria), on which all his further arguments are based. From his professional standpoint as a historian, Karsten Christensen refers to Vedel’s strong focus on Marshal Stig in his collection of One Hundred Danish Folk Songs (publ. 1591), to Vedel’s idiosyncratic manner of describing his manuscripts from the point of view of his own main interests, and to the fact that in contrast to the Jens Grand trial held before the Pope in Rome in 1296, one should not expect written actiones to have been delivered at the meeting of the Danish grandees in Nyborg Castle in 1286 subsequent to the murder of Eric Glipping. Christensen therefore suggests that it is much more probable that the manuscript referred to in Vedel’s registration refers to a lost manuscript that, contrary to the one associated by Svend Clausen with Vedel’s lost manuscript, can be followed closely all the way up to 1728, and the contents of which have been detailed by the historian Stephanus Stephanius (1599–1650).
Musikselskabet af 14. Marts 1896. En rekonstruktion og en karakteristik af dets repertoire.
Authors: Røllum-Larsen Claus 
Published: March 2020

Claus Røllum-Larsen: Musikselskabet af 14. Marts 1896. En rekonstruktion og en karakteristik af dets repertoire
Med dannelsen af Musikselskabet af 14. Marts 1896 skabte William Behrend, Louis Glass og Gustav Helsted et forum for den ny udenlandske musik. Med sin private karakter og sin kompromisløshed i programlægningen i retning af det “moderne” – som stifterne tilstræbte og så det – gik de videre ad de veje, andre musikforeninger havde betrådt med det formål at bidrage til en udvidelse af koncertrepertoiret. Det var derimod ikke selskabets formål at give de unge komponister mulighed for at få deres egne værker bragt frem. Gennem dels indledninger/foredrag, dels arrangementer for to klaverer og firhændigt klaver gav de optrædende tilhørerne et formodentlig levende indtryk af en række musikværker, hvoraf mange først længe efter fik deres første fremførelser for orkester på dansk grund. Indsatsen for Bruckners musik er særdeles tankevækkende. Den tager sin begyndelse før den første danske opførelse af en Bruckner-symfoni finder sted og er for flere af symfonierne en til to generationer forud for værkernes første danske opførelser. Foruden kompositioner af Wagner og Bruckner, som var de dominerende komponister, opførtes en række værker af ikke mindst franske (Chausson, Debussy, Duparc, Franck) og russiske (Borodin, Čajkovskij, Glasunov, Kjui, Rachmaninov, Rimskij-Korsakov, Skrjabin) – komponister hvoraf flere i øvrigt repræsenterede markante stilistiske alternativer til Wagner og Bruckners centraleuropæiske stil.
Men også andre væsentlige værker af komponister uden for det gængse repertoire i Københavns koncertsale programsatte man: Liszts Eine Symphonie zu Dantes Divina Commedia, Mahlers 2. symfoni, Smetanas Trio for klaver, violin og cello op. 9, samt værker – overvejende sange – af Stenhammar, Strauss og Wolf.
De medlemmer, som mødte flittigt op til sammenkomsterne, har stiftet bekendtskab med et bredt og udsøgt udvalg af nyere, og ofte helt nye værker med udpræget stilistiske fornyelsestendenser. En sådan musikformidling må betegnes som bemærkelsesværdig om ikke ligefrem enestående – i hvert fald i Danmark.
Tekst, teknologi og trope. Det tibetanske bedehjul
Authors: Brox Trine 
Published: March 2020

Trine Brox: Text, technology, trope
Tibetan Buddhist practices include the engagement with Buddhist script in the form of tightly packed scrolls of paper that are placed in drums and spun in order to accumulate merit. On the scrolls are written or printed mantras (sacred or magic sounds in the form of a series of syllables) or dhāraṇīs (formula condensing lengthy texts or teachings). The receptacles containing such scrolls are the iconic prayer wheels, whose materiality enables and restricts particular modes of textual engagement. What kind of texts are these scrolls? How does one read texts that come in the form of tightly packed scrolls? They cannot be read by immersing oneself in the content of the text because its materiality restricts access to it. Instead it fits perfectly with the prayer wheel technology that allows circumambulatory recitation, the article argues.
The prayer wheel is not only an important object in recitation practices for Tibetan Buddhists, but has also become a key marker of Tibetan identity. Yet its history, culture and practice have received very little scholarly attention. This article attempts to eradicate this blind spot. It endeavors to show how the prayer wheel has earned itself its iconic status by explaining how the prayer wheel is a receptacle of sacred script and a device for reciting sacred script. The article zooms in on (i) the cult of the book in the Tibetan culture sphere, (ii) the technology of prayer wheels; and (iii) the recurring tropes of the wheel, circumambulation, and rotation in Buddhism, as well as the merit connected with them. In view of this particular constellation of book cult, technology, and dominant trope, it makes sense that, first of all, Tibetan Buddhists have adopted and further developed a technology that optimizes interaction with sacred script; secondly, that rotation is considered an adequate way to interact with Buddha’s doctrine; and third, that this device has become an icon for the Tibetan civilization. It is especially the sacred text within the wheel, the article argues, that endows the prayer wheel with high status in a hierarchy of Buddhist material objects. Finally, this raises questions about modernized prayer wheels – when technological progress has enabled further development of devices that can contain and spin Buddhist script such as optic discs, prayer wheel apps, and automated praying machines. How does their materiality impact textual engagement?
The article is based upon data produced through (i) ethnographic inquiry, such as interacting with the stakeholders who deal with Buddhist material culture for different reasons, e.g. producers, marketers, ritual specialists, practitioners, and consumers, and (ii) textual sources that includes Tibetan and English-language scholarship, catalogues, user’s guides, and marketing material. This multi-modal method has produced knowledge about the prayer wheel as practice, i.e. what we can call popular religion, and as theory, i.e. according to how the prayer wheel is idealized in the writings of Buddhist masters.
Associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with psychological problems and suicidality in Chinese high school students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Mingli , Zhang Jie , Kamper-DeMarco Kimberly E. , Hu Elwin , Yao Shuqiao 
Published: March 2020

Background
The body of literature regarding the associations between physical activity and psychological problems lacks consensus. Moreover, the role of gender has been scarcely investigated. The present study sought to fill the gap in the data by examining the associations, if any, between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), psychological problems, and self-harm behaviors based on different biological genders (male–female).

Methods
A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure MVPA and multiple psychological problems, including depression and anxiety; general emotion, behavior, and social problems; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD); conduct problems; and self-harm behaviors. Participants were a nationally representative sample of Chinese high school students (N = 13, 349). A multiple logistic regression analysis of MVPA, stratified by gender, was conducted on the risk of psychological problems and self-harm behaviors in the total sample.

Results
For boys, a high frequency of MVPA was associated with a lower risk of depression (OR = 0.68, 95% CI [0.57–0.81]) and anxiety (OR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.53–0.96]) compared to the reference group. The moderate frequency of MVPA was associated with a lower risk of ADHD (OR = 0.73, 95% CI [0.56–0.94]) compared to the reference group. For girls, both MVPA groups were associated with a lower risk of depression (moderate MVPA: OR = 0.81, 95% CI [0.70–0.94]; high MVPA: OR = 0.67, 95% CI [0.54–0.83]) compared to the reference group. High MVPA was associated with a lower risk of ADHD (OR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.37–0.89]) compared to the reference group. Only moderate frequency of MVPA was associated with a lower risk of ODD (OR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.64–0.97]).

Conclusion
MVPA was associated with a lower risk of depression, anxiety, ADHD, and ODD in a gender-specific and MVPA frequency-specific manner. This implies that for specific psychological issues, PA interventions that are modified based on gender and frequency of MVPA may be more effective than PA interventions without these considerations.
Application of Survival Analysis of TB Patients Using Parametric Model: A Case Study of General Hospital Bayara
Authors: Daniel Samson , Lasisi K. E. , Banister Jerry 
Published: March 2020

Aim: We evaluate the performance of parametric models, mixture of generalized gamma frailty model with Gompertz distribution and compare it with Cox proportional hazard model that is commonly used in the analysis of TB patients and also by [1].
Place and the Duration of the Study: The study was carried out in Bauchi State, Nigeria from January, 2017 to January, 2020.
Methodology: In this study secondary data was used and gotten from the patients’ treatment card and TB registers from January 2015 to December 2017. The covariates used were, drug, age, marital status, smoking habit, educational level, weight, category, and risk factor. We used AIC and BIC selection tool to select the model with the lowest value and then compare it with Cox hazard model. Data analysis was done in Stata version 14.
Results: The result of the analysis shows that mixture of frailty model with Gompertz baseline distribution has the lowest AIC and BIC value when compared to Cox Proportional model therefore shows a better goodness of fit for our dataset.
Conclusion: We therefore conclude that mixture of frailty model with Gompertz baseline distribution model can serve as an alternative to Cox Proportional Model.