bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Recovery from Pomegranate Peel Waste by Integrating Maceration and Freeze Concentration Technology
Authors: Samsuri Shafirah , Li Tan Hong , Ruslan Muhammad Syafiq Hazwan , Amran Nurul Aini 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Pomegranate peel, a by-product of pomegranate fruit is rich in antioxidants. It is being used as an animal feed or discarded to the environment, which could cause an environmental problem. A new integrated process of maceration and freeze concentration was studied to recover the antioxidants from the pomegranate peel. The low temperature used in the freeze concentration assists in concentrating a high quality of antioxidants. The concentrated peel solution was tested for an antioxidant activity via 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. It was found that methanol gave the best extraction of antioxidants from pomegranate peel. The highest antioxidant recovery with DPPH radical scavenging of 96.14 % was obtained at −16 °C of coolant temperature and 30 min of freezing time (p < 0.05). The integrated process has proven to be an effective method to recover the antioxidants from pomegranate peel and can be applied to recover other bioactive compounds.
“Corsican sociolinguistics”: Key words and concepts of a cross-linguistic theory
Authors: Blanchet Philippe 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article presents the set of the central concepts of so-called “Corsican sociolinguistics” mainly elaborated by Marcellesi. It also shows the history of their collective elaboration within Marcellesi’s research center and on the Corsican ground. It aims at showing that they constitute a whole coherent sociolinguistic theory which is useful for many sociolinguistic situations and not only for Corsican.
Language ideologies and linguistic representations: Two lenses for a critical analysis of polynomie in Corsica
Authors: Jaffe Alexandra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, we question one of the important notions of the Corsican normative conceptual apparatus: the polynomie. This concept is particularly interesting as a language ideological position that calls into question dominant ideological perspectives on standardization and normalization. This article puts the polynomie in an ideological process that calls for a critical sociolinguistic analysis that first accounts for the interaction between sociolinguistic, economic, political and ideological domains. That critical sociolinguistic perspective emphasizes that all language ideological frameworks – even those which recognize diversity – impose particular criteria and give value to some ways of speaking and being over others.
How language becomes a political issue: Social change, collective movements and political competition in Corsica
Authors: Fazi André 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Mediterranean island of Corsica became French in 1768–1769, and Corsican is one of the most widely used regional languages in France. In Corsica, the language issue is politically prominent, with a very strong opposition between the nationalist regional government, which claims a co-official status for the Corsican language, and the French national government, which advocates the supremacy of the national language. However, the French linguistic integration process has been an astonishing success since the end of the nineteenth century, and the first mass mobilisations in favour of the Corsican language did not take place until the 1970s. In this article, I try to explain why the politicisation of Corsican language came so late; how this language became a politically salient issue; and how public attitudes and policies towards this language have substantially evolved. Since 1982, the state and the state-wide parties on the island have amended their strategy and challenged the near-monopoly of Corsican nationalists with regard to the defence of the Corsican language. Especially in the field of education, they promoted and implemented a language policy shift, and tried to depoliticise this issue. Nonetheless, political positions remain polarised regarding measures such as compulsory education and co-official status.
Public policy for the Corsican language: From revitalisation to normalisation?
Authors: Quenot Sébastien 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The policy of normalisation of the Corsican language carried out by Corsica’s institutions encounters the statute of languages in France, which supports the linguistic supremacy and monopoly of French in the public area. The vitality of Corsican underlined in the first general sociolinguistic survey makes it endangered even if a large majority of people support bilingualism and the project of co-officiality is approved by the Corsican Assembly. What are the main ways and results of public policy to save, revitalize and normalize the Corsican language in the context of the success of the assimilation of French minorities, a crisis of national identity in France, and cultural globalisation for a small population of 320,000 people who live on an island in the Mediterranean Sea?
The Effects of Trade Agreements on Imports of Biologics: Evidence from Chile
Authors: Trachtenberg Danielle , Kaplan Warren A. , Wirtz Veronika J. , Gallagher Kevin P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper develops new indicators that measure the strength of intellectual property rights (IPR) provisions in Chile’s free trade agreements (FTAs). We use these new indicators to examine the extent to which FTAs with strong IPR provisions impact the volume, unit value and overall value of imported biologic medicines into Chile. We find that FTAs with more stringent IPR provisions increase both the volume and the unit value of imported biologics, suggesting greater availability of imported biologics at a higher price. Further research, however, is necessary to determine whether the increases in volume and unit prices of imports lead to greater universal access to biologics or greater inequity in access to these medicines.
The non-negative spectrum of a digraph
Authors: Alomari Omar , Abudayah Mohammad , Sander Torsten 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Given the adjacency matrix A of a digraph, the eigenvalues of the matrix AAT
constitute the so-called non-negative spectrum of this digraph. We investigate the relation between the structure of digraphs and their non-negative spectra and associated eigenvectors. In particular, it turns out that the non-negative spectrum of a digraph can be derived from the traditional (adjacency) spectrum of certain undirected bipartite graphs.
An extended model for phylogenetic maximum likelihood based on discrete morphological characters
Authors: Spade David A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMaximum likelihood is a common method of estimating a phylogenetic tree based on a set of genetic data. However, models of evolution for certain types of genetic data are highly flawed in their specification, and this misspecification can have an adverse impact on phylogenetic inference. Our attention here is focused on extending an existing class of models for estimating phylogenetic trees from discrete morphological characters. The main advance of this work is a model that allows unequal equilibrium frequencies in the estimation of phylogenetic trees from discrete morphological character data using likelihood methods. Possible extensions of the proposed model will also be discussed.
Concepts And Features Of The Corporate Contract
Authors: Lukashov R.S. 
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the theoretical and legal analyses of the place of a corporate agreement in the system of civil contracts. The article identifies the key factors that justify a separate place of the corporate agreement among existing contractual structures of civil law.
The article deals with scientific views on the concept and legal nature of the corporate agreement, outlines the subject of the corporate agreement, which is concluded between the participants of the legal entity of corporate type, as well as analyzed the latest legislation on the definition of the concept, subject and content of the corporate agreement, which is concluded between the members of the limited liability company.
Determination Of Persons Related To The Bank As The Basis For The Use Of Coercive Measures Of Influence By The National Bank Of Ukraine
Authors: Krahlevych V.V. 
Published: February 2020

In this article the author paid attention to state regulation of the banking system, in particular, to the determination the persons related to the bank by the National Bank of Ukraine.
The banking system cannot function effectively in the absence of proper and balanced government regulation. Therefore, the state applies various instruments for regulating relations in the sphere of banking activities. One of such instruments is the authority of the National Bank of Ukraine to determine persons related to the bank.
The decision to determine persons related to the bank may give rise to various consequences for such persons. In particular, a bail-in procedure can be applied on the basis of such decision. A bail-in is the procedure of exchanging funds of persons related to the bank for bank shares with their subsequent sale to the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine.
The author has conducted a detailed research and analysis of legislation and doctrine related to the influence of the NBU on legal relations in the banking sphere.
The author analysed the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Banks and Banking Activity”, the NBU Resolution “On Approval of the Regulation on the Application of Measures by the National Bank of Ukraine” No. 346 of August 17, 2012, and the Criminal Code of Ukraine. In addition, the author has analysed the case law.
Manifestations Of Dispositiveness In The Criminal Procedure Policy In Germany: Some Aspects
Authors: Mykytyn Yu.I. 
Published: February 2020

This article analyzes some aspects of dispositiveness in the criminal procedure policy in Germany. The basic aspects of mediation as a manifestation of dispositiveness in the criminal procedure policy of Germany are investigated.
It is considered that: 1) the manifestations of dispositiveness in the criminal procedure policy of Germany are reflected through the mediation procedure, which is based on the institution of reconciliation; 2) mediation is part of the criminal process and can be applied at the stages of criminal investigation and trial; 3) the prosecutor’s office and the court have a decisive role in the implementation of the remedial measures; 4) mediation procedures are conducted by specially trained mediators, who can work under the auspices of non-governmental organizations (mainly public) and the municipality; 5) recovery programs are applied in the commission of small and medium-sized crimes; 6) the use of mediation has significant positive results and it is becoming more widespread.
Corporate Rights Of The Spouses: The Essence Of The Legal Regime
Authors: Vintoniak N.D. 
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the question of legal regulation of corporate rights of spouses. The issues of the legal regime of marital property as well as the essence of the legal regime of spouses’ corporate rights have been discussed.
It has been justified that upon investing marital property into the authorized share capital of a corporation which one of the spouses has ownership rights in, the rights of rem become the law of obligation (vinculum iuris). The law of obligation, incurred between spouses upon investing part of the shared property into company’s authorized share capital to participate in the authorized share capital, is based on the claim rights.
It is noted that since the moment the company is registered with the State Registrar of Companies, such a company becomes a participant of civil law relations. The predetermined contribution (consisting of marital property) invested into the authorized share capital of a corporation becomes the property of the mentioned legal entity and is not subject to shared property of the spouses. Therefore, marital property as joint owned property becomes sole and separate property of the corporation.
It has been proved that taking into account the indivisibility and the personalized nature of corporate rights, corporate rights cannot be subject to shared property of the spouses. This statement is supported by the fact that having the other spouse as a shareholder will lead to the increase in the number of shareholders.
It has been explained that the legal regime of spouses’ corporate rights is subject to special legal regime, namely transformation of property rights. For that of the spouses who is a company shareholder, the right to property, which is being contributed to the authorized share capital of the corporation, becomes corporate right. For the other spouse, the mentioned above rights become claim rights.
Information Security Of Estonia: Experience For Ukraine
Authors: Zinych L.V. 
Published: February 2020

The article deals with features of information security in the Republic of Estonia. It is noted that the main factors that have helped to increase the level of information security in Estonia are the developed information infrastructure, effective cybersecurity policy and reliable protection of personal data. Cybersecurity depends on a combination of cybercrime, provision of critical infrastructure and e-services, and national defense.
In the area of personal data protection, it is reasonable to create a private data market where companies and researchers propose to submit a date of use and license / lease / sale related to offers or license, lease, sell or withdraw their data from use.
Analyzing the experience of the Republic of Estonia in information security, there are several factors that have become the basis for the creation of a secure information environment. First, only a comprehensive information policy enables the security of enterprises, institutions, organizations and the state as a whole.
Secondly, Estonia has made every effort to ensure cybersecurity (as a component of information security) and has created favorable conditions for the arrival of foreign IT companies with significant capital and innovation.
Third, in the context of information security, considerable attention in Estonia is given to the protection and use of personal data, which is carried out as transparently as possible, using digital signatures and encrypted messages.
Practical recommendations for Ukraine’s acquisition of Estonia’s information security experience are provided. We believe that raising the level of information security will help a number of the following activities: 1) Create a working group with the involvement of international experts to develop the concept of information security and regulatory support for its activities 2) Ensure the creation of a single national electronic information resource in the concept of information security. 3) Enter a unique national ID for the individual. 4) Create a single secure web portal for electronic services with the possibility of creating electronic offices of individuals for receiving administrative services. Keywords: information security, cybersecurity, information infrastructure, personal data.
The Place Of Criminal Policy In The Political And Legal System
Authors: Kozych I.V. 
Published: February 2020

In the article the author states that the policy in the sphere of combating crime, and like all its components, is a generic concept to the more general concept of «state policy». Therefore, it is advisable to combine the study of the concept of “criminal policy” with the understanding of “politics” in general and “policies in the field of combating crime” in particular.
Politics is an important component of the functioning of the state. In connection with this literature, there are occasional terms that clearly indicate a close link between law and policy, between subjects of legal and political influence. Issues of different areas of law are increasingly being considered from both a legal and a political point of view.
It is worth noting that lawmaking is a manifestation of state power. Laws are nothing but the way in which a particular political line is put into practice. The rules of law, as well as their judicial application and interpretation, determine the formal basis of political activity, while at the same time establishing an important tool for accountability and accountability of public authorities and restrictions on their activities.
It is established that the criminal policy on the basis of the general policy in the field of combating crime develops a strategy and tactics, formulates the main tasks and directions of the criminal-law influence on crime and criminals. State influence on specific objects and phenomena on the part of subjects and institutes of policy in the field of combating crime within the framework of criminal law policy can be differentiated depending on the activity in question. These subspecies do not have the parameters of an independent crime subsystem, but function in it as relatively independent varieties.
Humanitarian And Socio-Economic Consequences Of Motorization In Ukraine: The Criminogenic Aspect
Authors: Medytskyi I.B. 
Published: February 2020

The article substantiates the necessity of obligatory consideration of criminological information on the consequences of motor crimes in order to increase the effectiveness of criminological and criminal legal policies. Criminologically relevant information on the consequences of motor vehicle crime is characterized by its incompleteness and fragmentation, without giving an idea of the true «price» of this variety for Ukrainian society. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of the consequences of the phenomenon, the attention was paid to the scale and social danger of motor crime in modern conditions.
Based on the analysis of statistical information of the courts and law enforcement agencies over the past five years, the level of road traffic injuries is outlined, the dynamics compared to the previous year is revealed, the characteristics of the victims of criminal offenses in the field of road safety and transport operation are specified, the size of the caused material and moral damage. In the criminogenic context, an analysis of the humanitarian (the number of dead and injured as a result of road accidents) and the socio-economic consequences of motorization in the country (the cost of human life and the total losses from road accidents).
Existing approaches to determining the cost of human life and the overall level of losses to the state as a result of road accidents have been systematized. Taking into account the average life expectancy, macroeconomic indicators of the state development, the average age of those killed as a result of criminal violations of traffic safety rules or the operation of transport, and the number of victims, the total economic losses for the society for 2018 were determined.
It has been stated that the practice of application by the courts of separate criminal law rules on crimes against traffic safety and operation of transport does not correlate with the declared Criminal Code of Ukraine for the purpose of punishment for the committed, as well as general and special prevention.
Drug Resistance Evolution in HIV in the Late 1990s: Hard Sweeps, Soft Sweeps, Clonal Interference and the Accumulation of Drug Resistance Mutations
Authors: Williams Kadie-Ann , Pennings Pleuni 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The evolution of drug resistance in pathogens such as HIV is an important and widely known example in the field of evolutionary medicine. Here, we focus on a unique data set from the late 1990s with multiple viral sequences from multiple time points in 118 patients. We study patterns of evolutionary dynamics in the viral populations in these patients who were treated with Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors and Protease Inhibitors in the late 1990s. Specifically, we aim to visualize and analyze examples of population genetic processes such as selective sweeps and clonal interference. The figures and descriptions in this paper can be used in evolution and population genetics classes. We show and analyze a wide variety of patterns, specifically: soft sweeps, hard sweeps, softening sweeps and hardening sweeps, simultaneous sweeps, accumulation of mutations and clonal interference.
Del “vivir bien” al “buen vivir” entre la economía feminista, la filantropía y la migración: hacia la búsqueda de alternativas
Authors: Acosta Salgado Grace Alexandra 
Published: February 2020

Reseña del libro: Del “vivir bien” al “buen vivir” entre la economía feminista, la filantropía y la migración: hacia la búsqueda de alternativas
Physician Burnout Quality of Life/ Wellness Resource Pilot Program
Authors: Harvey Felicia 
Published: February 2020

Burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a sense of low personal accomplishment that leads to decreased effectiveness at work (American Journal of Medicine, 2003). Despite the efforts to combat burnout, the number of U.S. physicians who experience burnout rose from 45 percent to over 50 percent between 2011 and 2014 (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2015).
The purpose of this quality improvement evidence-based capstone project was to determine whether a physician wellness pilot program can reduce and or eliminate burnout and stress for practicing physicians at an acute care healthcare institution in the Chicago metropolitan area. The capstone project consisted of a pre-intervention survey, an intervention and a post intervention survey. The participants targeted for this evidence-based project were practicing physicians in Illinois that span across all specialty groups.
The physician burnout wellness pilot program was implemented during a two-week period of time during which participants were provided with resources to reduce and or eliminate symptoms of burnout. The implementation of the physician wellness pilot program capstone project showed the physicians at this organization were less stressed and more satisfied with their job at (0.555) percent compared to pre intervention survey results that faired (0.77) and that of the national average of (0.80). Additionally, the post intervention survey results showed the physicians at this organization are experiencing a lower level of burnout (0.44) percent compared to pre intervention survey results that faired (0.53), but a higher level of burnout compared to the national average (0.29).
Physician burnout is an epidemic that requires immediate attention because it not only effects the physicians, but it effects the healthcare system. As such, regardless of the specialty and demographics of the physicians, organizations and physicians alike must do their part in assessing if burnout exists. The findings showed the importance of physicians being able to recognize the warning signs of burnout, encourage them to seek help when they are stressed, and take active steps towards ridding or reducing burnout. The findings were compatible with evidence-based research that supports building physician resilience by way of the development of a wellness program.