bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monetary policy spillovers in emerging economies
Authors: Azad Nahiyan Faisal , Serletis Apostolos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper explores for spillovers from monetary policy in the United States to a number of emerging market economies. We estimate the bivariate structural GARCH‐in‐Mean VAR in the U.S. monetary policy rate and the policy rate of each of six emerging economies that target the inflation rate—Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Romania, Serbia, and South Africa. We also estimate the same model in the U.S. monetary policy rate and the exchange rate (against the U.S. dollar) of each of six emerging economies that target the exchange rate—Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Comoros, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Montenegro. Our evidence suggests that positive (negative) U.S. monetary policy shocks tend to appreciate (depreciate) the currencies of the exchange rate targeting emerging economies but have an ambiguous effect on the policy rates of the inflation targeting emerging economies. Moreover, monetary policy uncertainty in the United States leads to an increase in policy rates in those emerging economies that target the inflation rate and to a depreciation of the currencies of those emerging economies that target the exchange rate.
RETRACTED: Randomized controlled trial of the effect of bilateral uterine artery ligation during cesarean among women at risk of uterine atony
Authors: Samy Ahmed , Ali Mohammed K. , Abbas Ahmed M. , Wahab Hala A. , Wali Ahmed A. , Hussien Aml H. , Mostafa Mona , Taymour Mohammad A. , Ogila Asmaa I. , Ahmad Yahia , Essam Aimy , Mahmoud Mostafa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of prophylactic bilateral uterine artery ligation (BUAL) in reducing the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) during cesarean delivery among women at risk of uterine atony.MethodsA randomized clinical trial at Cairo University Maternity Hospital, Egypt, from December 2017 to December 2018. Women at risk of uterine atony undergoing scheduled or emergency cesarean were randomized to two groups. In the BUAL group, women underwent BUAL before placental delivery; in the control group, women had cesarean delivery without BUAL. The primary outcome was the estimated blood loss during cesarean.ResultsIntraoperative blood loss during cesarean was significantly lower in the BUAL group than in the control group (523.4 ± 41.0 vs 619.6 ± 36.1 mL; P=0.003). Blood loss in the first 6 hours after cesarean was also significantly lower in the BUAL group than in the control group (246.1 ± 21.4 vs 326.1 ± 18.5 mL; P=0.006). There was no difference in operative time between the two groups (52.1 ± 6.1 vs 52.2 ± 6.8, P=0.880).ConclusionBUAL during cesarean was found to be an effective method for decreasing blood loss during and after cesarean delivery among women at risk of uterine atony and subsequent PPH.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03591679
Infant mental health home visiting therapists’ reflective supervision self‐efficacy in community practice settings
Authors: Shea Sarah E. , Jester Jennifer M. , Huth‐Bocks Alissa C. , Weatherston Deborah J. , Muzik Maria , Rosenblum Katherine L. ,   The Michigan Collaborative for Infant Mental Health Research
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increase in the research on reflective supervision, including the development of tools designed to measure reflective practice in the context of reflective supervision. The Reflective Supervision Self‐Efficacy Scale for Supervisees (RSSESS) is a self‐report measure that has been used in previous evaluations and is designed to assess perceived reflective practice self‐efficacy for Infant Mental Health‐Home Visiting (IMH‐HV) therapists. Properties of the RSSESS including factor structure and reliability are explored in a first study that lays the foundation for the use of the RSSESS in an IMH‐HV evaluation in the State of Michigan. IMH‐HV therapists completed the RSSESS at 4 time points over a 12‐month period and also completed a Clinician Profile Form that included questions about their IMH background and their work experience, including job satisfaction and burnout. Results indicated that the RSSESS is a reliable tool to measure change in reflective practice skills. IMH‐HV therapists demonstrated growth in their use of reflective practice skills with families and their observational skills over the 12‐month period. In addition, results indicated correlations between reflective supervision self‐efficacy and job satisfaction as well as burnout.
Crayfish hemocyanin on chitin bone substitute scaffolds promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kruppke Benjamin , Farack Jana , Weil Simy , Aflalo Eliahu David , Poláková Dagmar , Sagi Amir , Hanke Thomas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCrustacean chitin–hemocyanin–calcium mineral complexes were designed as bone biomimetics, with emphasis on their ability to bind or release calcium ions. Chitin scaffolds were prepared by dissolving chitin flakes in LiCl/dimethylacetamide, followed by gel formation and freeze‐drying. Some of these scaffolds were modified by incorporation of CaCO3. In some of the chitin–CaCO3 scaffolds, macroporosity was introduced by HCl treatment. Hemocyanin from the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus was used to further modify the chitin scaffolds by dip coating. Cytocompatibility, cellular adherence and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were evaluated in terms of cell number as reflected in lactate dehydrogenase activity. The chitin, chitin–CaCO3, and porous chitin–CaCO3 scaffolds were all found to facilitate cell attachment. Hemocyanin dip‐coating of these scaffolds led to increased initial cell adhesion, enhanced proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Since the hemocyanin loading of the scaffolds was impaired by sterilization by gamma‐irradiation (as required for biomedical applications), the hemocyanin loading was performed on previously sterilized scaffolds. All scaffolds facilitated osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts, with the highest cell ALP‐activity being found on hemocyanin‐modified porous chitin–CaCO3 scaffolds. Thus, chitin–hemocyanin scaffolds enhanced the initial stages of bone cell development and could serve as promising biomaterials for bone regeneration.
Fabrication and characterization of emulsion stabilized by table egg‐yolk granules at different pH levels
Authors: Wang Anheng , Xiao Zhigang , Wang Jingjing , Li Guijie , Wang Lijuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe egg yolk is complex, which makes it difficult to understand why mayonnaise can be stabilized into a high internal‐phase emulsion. This study aimed to assess the possibility of developing oil‐in‐water emulsions through unmodified natural egg‐yolk granules (EYGs) at various pH levels, to further understand the precise mechanism of mayonnaise.ResultsEgg‐yolk granules were obtained from hen egg yolk by centrifugation. The sizes of the EYGs were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Zeta potential of EYGs was detected by DLS and its microstructure was observed by microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Oil / water emulsions were made with EYGs and the size distribution and creaming index of those emulsions were measured at different storage times (1 h and 14 days). The interfacial morphology of EYGs was observed using the emulsion polymerization method. Our results suggested that the prepared EYGs were mainly in an aggregated state but individual EYGs displayed spherical shapes, with a size of 1.0 ± 0.2 μm. The emulsion stabilized by EYGs displayed better stability against creaming at acidic pH (<4.0). At the same time, the interfacial morphology and microscopic observation of the emulsions strongly demonstrated that the emulsions were of the Pickering type.ConclusionThe above results are of great importance for an understanding of the mechanism by which mayonnaise is stabilized by egg, together with the applications of egg in food formulations. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Bridging the food security gap: an information‐led approach to connect dietary nutrition, food composition and crop production
Authors: Azman Halimi Razlin , Barkla Bronwyn J , Andrés‐Hernandéz Liliana , Mayes Sean , King Graham J 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFood security is recognized as a major global challenge, yet human food‐chain systems are inherently not geared towards nutrition, with decisions on crop and cultivar choice not informed by dietary composition. Currently, food compositional tables and databases (FCT/FCDB) are the primary information sources for decisions relating to dietary intake. However, these only present single mean values representing major components. Establishment of a systematic controlled vocabulary to fill this gap requires representation of a more complex set of semantic relationships between terms used to describe nutritional composition and dietary function.RESULTSWe carried out a survey of 11 FCT/FCDB and 177 peer‐reviewed papers describing variation in nutritional composition and dietary function for food crops to identify a comprehensive set of terms to construct a controlled vocabulary. We used this information to generate a Crop Dietary Nutrition Data Framework (CDN‐DF), which incorporates controlled vocabularies systematically organized into major classes representing nutritional components and dietary functions. We demonstrate the value of the CDN‐DF for comparison of equivalent components between crop species or cultivars, for identifying data gaps and potential for formal meta‐analysis. The CDN‐DF also enabled us to explore relationships between nutritional components and the functional attributes of food.CONCLUSIONWe have generated a structured crop dietary nutrition data framework, which is generally applicable to the collation and comparison of data relevant to crop researchers, breeders, and other stakeholders, and will facilitate dialogue with nutritionists. It is currently guiding the establishment of a more robust formal ontology. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Abiotic stress management and Verdejo wine composition: cluster thinning in different water regimes
Authors: Vilanova Mar , Fernández‐Fernández Encarnación , Yuste Jesús 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effects of cluster thinning (TH) on Verdejo wine composition were studied. Cluster thinning was applied in three water regimes (WR) (R0, rainfed control; R25, drip‐irrigated at 25% ETo, and R50, drip‐irrigated at 50% ETo) during the 2012–2014 seasons.RESULTSCluster thinning advanced grape maturity, although this was only significant in 2012. A significant effect of TH on R0 was observed in 2013, the wettest season, increasing the concentration of alcohols, esters, acetates, and lactones. The same trend was shown in 2012 for all groups of volatile compounds in R0. In contrast, for all volatile families to increase was observed in 2014, the driest season, when TH was applied to R50. WR*TH interactions were found in most wine chemical parameters.CONCLUSIONThe variation in wine volatile composition among the vintages that were observed shows that the capacity of TH to exert an influence depends not only on the water regime but also on annual conditions. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous determination of multiclass plant growth regulators in fruits using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method and ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Xu , Hou Xue , Han Mei , Qiu Shiting , Li Ying 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method combined with ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the multiclass determination of 28 plant growth regulators in various fruits. Different extraction solvents and adsorbents, including primary secondary amine, octadecylsilyl, graphitized carbon black, and zirconia‐based sorbent, were investigated. Internal calibration and isotope internal standards, chlormequat chloride‐d4, mepiquat chloride‐d6, indole‐3‐acetic acid‐d2, and forchlorfenuron‐d5 were used to improve accuracy. For method validation, good linearity, low limits of detection and quantification were obtained. At three spiked concentrations (10, 50, and 100 µg/kg), satisfactory recoveries with relative standard deviations of 2.4–17.5% were obtained for strawberries (75.2–119.8%), grapes (70.5–114.0%), tangerines (71.7–115.4%), apples (72.7–115.4%), and kiwi fruits (71.7–119.2%). Samples analysis revealed that 15.6% of the samples (n = 96) were contaminated with one or two kinds of plant growth regulators, including chlormequat chloride, forchlorfenuron, paclobutrazol, 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2‐diethylaminoethyl hexanoate, and mepiquat chloride. Similar results were obtained by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, indicating the robustness, effectiveness, and suitability of the developed method for routine monitoring of plant growth regulator residues in fruits.
Land cover mapping based on time‐series MODIS‐NDVI using a dynamic time warping approach: A casestudy of the agricultural pastoral ecotone of northern China
Authors: Wei Baocheng , Xie Yaowen , Wang Xiaoyun , Jiao Jizong , He Sijia , Bie Qiang , Jia Xu , Xue Xiaoyu , Duan Hanming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo curb land degradation, a series of ecological restoration projects have been carried out since 1999, leading to dramatic land cover change (LCC) in the agricultural pastoral ecotone of northern China (APENC). To date, there is still lack of timely and accurate land cover (LC) information for management and assessment actions. This paper presents a LC mapping scheme to map annual LC information based on dynamic time warping (DTW) approach and time‐series MODIS‐NDVI product for the APENC. The DTW approach was optimized firstly based on the change of vegetation phenology phase. Next, typical reference time‐series curves set of different LC types were established and pixel‐wise similarity was examined to identify the LC type. Before that, the reconstruction of time‐series MODIS‐NDVI was performed using harmonic analysis of time‐series and reconstruction accuracy was evaluated quantitatively at a regional scale. Results showed that the gap error was relatively large for the high vegetation cover areas while it might be ignored for the moderate and low vegetation cover areas. The overall accuracy of LC mapping in year 2010 (LC‐2010) was 77.89% and kappa coefficient reached 0.71, which suggested that LC mapping scheme could extract LC information with high accuracy. The producer's accuracy ranged between 69.83% (grasslands) and 100% (water body), while the user's accuracy changed from 58% (built‐up) to 86% (forest). The overall spatial agreement between LC‐2010 and GlobaLand30‐2010 was about 64.44%. The total area of forests, croplands, water body and built‐up exhibited an increasing trend while the contrary trend were found for the grasslands and bare land during the 2001–2017. These LC maps are valuable for research the land degradation investigation and monitoring, benefit evaluation of ecological restoration projects and effect of LCC on surface hydrothermal process in APENC.
Faba bean (Vicia faba) starch: Structure, properties, and in vitro digestibility—A review
Authors: Punia Sneh , Dhull Sanju Bala , Sandhu Kawaljit Singh , Kaur Maninder 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe dietary consumption of legumes is associated with the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. There is a growing interest in faba bean (Vicia faba) to formulate functional products. Starch is the main component of faba bean (up to 45%), and its properties and reaction with other food components are mainly important for human nutrition, and the food industry as starch properties may greatly determine the product quality. This minireview summarizes the structural, morphological, and thermal characteristics and in vitro digestibility of faba bean starch to provide direction for new research.
Design of 64 channels and 640 Gb/s long‐reach bidirectional DWDM‐PON
Authors: Usman Muhammad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this article, we have designed and simulated a 64 channels dense wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (DWDM PON) with 100 GHz channel spacing and an overall transmission capacity of 640 Gb/s. There are 32 downstream and 32 upstream channels. Each channel is modulated at a data rate of 10 Gb/s constituting a total of 640 Gb/s system. Phenomenon of dispersion, attenuation, self and cross phase modulations are incorporated in the system design to observe noise effect on the transmitted signal. Channel length is varied to check maximum transmission reach and its effect on signal performance parameters that is, Q‐factor, bit error rate, eye amplitude, optical signal to noise ratio, extinction ratio, and peak to peak jitter are recorded. It is noted that our DWDM PON successfully transmitted 640 Gb/s data bi‐directionally over a transmission distance of 150 km.
Delayed physical development in a first generation enslaved African woman from Pietermaai, Curaçao
Authors: Fricke Felicia , Laffoon Jason , Victorina Amy , Haviser Jay 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is still much to be learned about enslavement in Curaçao, where little archaeological investigation into the historical era has been carried out. This article contributes to our knowledge on this subject through the analysis of a female individual buried in Pietermaai, an 18th century suburb of Willemstad. Excavated in the 1980s by the Archaeological‐Anthropological Institute of the Netherlands Antilles, the remains are only now attracting osteological attention. Isotopic analysis has shown that this individual spent her childhood in West Africa, supporting morphological and metric analyses identifying her African ancestry. At the time of death, she had an adult chronological age (over 18 years), but her physical development indicated a non‐adult biological age (possibly between 12 and 15 years). Such delayed development can occur due to many factors, including hard labour and disease. In the case of this individual, evidence such as enamel hypoplasia, osteochondritis dissecans, and periostitis may indicate stressful episodes throughout the life course. Clearly defined entheses and entheseal changes at muscle attachment sites on the arms and legs may indicate a physically demanding occupation. A variety of factors could therefore have contributed to her developmental delay. In the future, further analysis of buried populations in Curaçao will help to increase our understanding of the lifeways of enslaved people here. Meanwhile, the analysis of this isolated individual is important because it situates enslavement in a real body and indicates the value of reanalysis of human remains from existing archaeological collections in the Caribbean.
Bridged triarylboranes, ‐silanes, ‐amines, and ‐phosphines as minimalistic heteroatom‐containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Progress and challenges
Authors: Schaub Tobias A. , Padberg Kevin , Kivala Milan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMinimalistic heteroaromatic scaffolds result from the introduction of various ortho‐bridging moieties into triarylboranes, ‐silanes, ‐amines, and ‐phosphines. This molecular design opens an avenue to a class of structures fascinating not only from a fundamental standpoint, but also because of their aptitude to serve as active materials in organic electronics. In this Review, the history of these conceptually simple heteroatom‐containing π‐systems is briefly summarized, and the current state‐of‐the‐art in this vividly expanding field of research is discussed. The synthetic strategies towards these scaffolds are covered together with their structural and electronic traits. Special focus is dedicated to the recent progress and challenges in the molecular design of functional materials made thereof.
Financial engagement of the Indian diaspora in Germany: Remitting to India
Authors: Butsch Carsten 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIndian nationals are a small but quickly growing migrant group in Germany that merits more research, especially related to remittance behaviour. Most of them are embedded in transnational networks; the remittances they send to India are an important way of expressing belonging, allowing the remitters to induce changes and fulfil traditional roles in spite of being physically absent. The findings presented in the paper's empirical section were collected with a mixed‐methods‐research approach. They are discussed against the background of the ongoing discourse on remittances and development. The idea of remittances as a better form of development aid is questioned.The article illuminates which types of remittances are important for Indian migrants in Germany, how the practice of remitting depends on the specific migration path, and how it differs between first and second generation. Analysis of the empirical results shows that seven types of remittances are relevant for Indian migrants in Germany. Individual remittances are more important than collective remittances, and parent support is the most important type of remittance. Charitable engagement within this group is highly individualised. The findings illustrate further how the remitting practices change over time—within life course and between generations.The results of this research show that as remittances for charitable reasons can only be considered as a highly personalised form of temporary engagement, it can be assumed that they hardly create sustainable structures. Individual remittances to family and friends, which are more important in this case study, do not necessarily result in desirable development.
Analyzing the solid soot particulates formed in a fuel‐rich flame by solvent‐free matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Wen , Shao Can , Sarathy S. Mani 
Published: November 2019

RationaleThe compositional and structural information of soot particles is essential for a better understanding of the chemistry and mechanism during the combustion. The aim of the present study was to develop a method to analyze such soot particulate samples with high complexity and poor solubility.MethodsThe solvent‐free sample preparation matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) technique was combined with the ultrahigh‐resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) for the characterization of solid soot particulates. Moreover, a modified iso‐abundance plot (Carbon Number vs. Hydrogen Number vs. Abundance) was introduced to visualize the distributions of various chemical species, and to examine the agreement between the hydrogen‐abstraction‐carbon‐addition (HACA) mechanism and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon growth in the investigated flame system.ResultsThis solvent‐free MALDI method enabled the effective ionization of the solid soot particulates without any dissolving procedure. With the accurate m/z ratios from FTICR‐MS, a unique chemical formula was assigned to each of the recorded mass signals. The combustion products were proven to be mainly large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), together with a small amount (<5%) of oxidized hydrocarbons.ConclusionsThe developed method provides a new approach for the molecular characterization of soot particulates like carbonaceous materials. The investigated soot particulates are mainly PAHs with no or very short aliphatic chains. The growth mechanism of PAHs during combustion can be examined against the classic HACA mechanism.