bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary stability of a press‐fit cup in combination with impaction grafting in an acetabular defect model
Authors: Schierjott Ronja A. , Hettich Georg , Baxmann Marc , Morosato Federico , Cristofolini Luca , Grupp Thomas M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to (a) assess primary stability of a press‐fit cup in a simplified acetabular defect model, filled with compacted cancellous bone chips, and (b) to compare the results with primary stability of a press‐fit cup combined with two different types of bone graft substitute in the same defect model. A previously developed acetabular test model made of polyurethane foam was used, in which a mainly medial contained defect was implemented. Three test groups (N = 6 each) were prepared: Cancellous bone chips (bone chips), tricalciumphosphate tetrapods + collagen matrix (tetrapods + coll), bioactive glass S53P4 + polyethylene glycol‐glycerol matrix (b.a.glass + PEG). Each material was compacted into the acetabulum and a press‐fit cup was implanted. The specimens were loaded dynamically in the direction of the maximum resultant force during level walking. Relative motion between cup and test model was assessed with an optical measurement system. At the last load step (3000 N), inducible displacement was highest for bone chips with median [25th percentile; 75th percentile] value of 113 [110; 114] µm and lowest for b.a.glass + PEG with 91 [89; 93] µm. Migration at this load step was highest for b.a.glass + PEG with 868 [845; 936] µm and lowest for tetrapods + coll with 491 [487; 497] µm. The results show a comparable behavior under load of tetrapods + coll and bone chips and suggest that tetrapods + coll could be an attractive alternative to bone chips. However, so far, this was found for one specific defect type and primary stability should be further investigated in additional/more severe defects.
T2 analysis of the entire osteoarthritis initiative dataset
Authors: Razmjoo Alaleh , Caliva Francesco , Lee Jinhee , Liu Felix , Joseph Gabby B. , Link Thomas M. , Majumdar Sharmila , Pedoia Valentina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile substantial work has been done to understand the relationships between cartilage T2 relaxation times and osteoarthritis (OA), diagnostic and prognostic abilities of T2 on a large population yet need to be established. Using 3921 manually annotated 2D multi‐slice multi‐echo spin‐echo magnetic resonance imaging volume, a segmentation model for automatic knee cartilage segmentation was built and evaluated. The optimized model was then used to calculate T2 values on the entire osteoarthritis initiative (OAI) dataset composed of longitudinal acquisitions of 4796 unique patients, 25 729 magnetic resonance imaging studies in total. Cross‐sectional relationships between T2 values, OA risk factors, radiographic OA, and pain were analyzed in the entire OAI dataset. The performance of T2 values in predicting the future incidence of radiographic OA as well as total knee replacement (TKR) were also explored. Automatic T2 values were comparable with manual ones. Significant associations between T2 relaxation times and demographic and clinical variables were found. Subjects in the highest 25% quartile of tibio‐femoral T2 values had a five times higher risk of radiographic OA incidence 2 years later. Elevation of medial femur T2 values was significantly associated with TKR after 5 years (coeff = 0.10; P = .036; CI = [0.01,0.20]). Our investigation reinforces the predictive value of T2 for future incidence OA and TKR. The inclusion of T2 averages from the automatic segmentation model improved several evaluation metrics when compared to only using demographic and clinical variables.
The mechano‐response of murine annulus fibrosus cells to cyclic tensile strain is frequency dependent
Authors: Kim Min Kyu M. , Burns Marissa J. , Serjeant Meaghan E. , Séguin Cheryle A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe intervertebral disk (IVD) is a composite structure essential for spine stabilization, load bearing, and movement. Biomechanical factors are important contributors to the IVD microenvironment regulating joint homeostasis; however, the cell type‐specific effectors of mechanotransduction in the IVD are not fully understood. The current study aimed to determine the effects of cyclic tensile strain (CTS) on annulus fibrosus (AF) cells and identify mechano‐sensitive pathways. Using a cell‐type specific reporter mouse to differentiation NP and AF cells from the murine IVD, we characterized AF cells in dynamic culture exposed to CTS (6% strain) at specific frequencies (0.1 Hz, 1.0 Hz, or 2.0 Hz). We demonstrate that our culture model maintains the phenotype of primary AF cells and that the bioreactor system delivers uniform biaxial strain across the cell culture surface. We show that exposure of AF cells to CTS induces cytoskeleton reorganization resulting in stress fiber formation, with acute exposure to CTS at 2.0 Hz inducing a significant yet transient increase ERK1/2 pathway activation. Using SYBPR‐based qPCR to assess the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, ECM‐remodeling genes, candidate mechano‐sensitive genes, inflammatory cytokines and cell surface receptors, we demonstrated that exposure of AF cells to CTS at 0.1 Hz increased Acan, Prg4, Col1a1 and Mmp3 expression. AF cells exposed to CTS at 1.0 Hz showed a significant increase in the expression of Acan, Myc, and Tnfα. Exposure of AF cells to CTS at 2.0 Hz induced a significant increase in Acan, Prg4, Cox2, Myc, Fos, and Tnfα expression. Among the cell surface receptors assessed, AF cells exposed to CTS at 2.0 Hz showed a significant increase in Itgβ1, Itgα5, and Trpv4 expression. Our findings demonstrate that the response of AF cells to CTS is frequency dependent and suggest that mechanical loading may directly contribute to matrix remodeling and the onset of local tissue inflammation in the murine IVD.
Kinetic study of the CN radical reaction with 2‐methylfuran
Authors: Lee James , Caster Kacee , Maddaleno Trey , Donnellan Zachery , Selby Talitha M. , Goulay Fabien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe gas phase reaction of the ground state cyano‐radical (CN (X2∑+)) with 2‐methylfuran (2‐MF) is investigated in a quasi‐static reaction cell at pressures ranging from 2.2 to 7.6 Torr and temperatures ranging from 304 to 440 K. The CN radicals are generated in their ground electronic state by pulsed laser photolysis of gaseous cyanogen iodide (ICN) at 266 nm. Their concentration is monitored as a function of reaction time using laser‐induced fluorescence at 387.3 nm on the B2∑+ (ν′ = 0) ← X2∑+ (ν″ = 0) vibronic band. The reaction rate coefficient is found to be rapid and independent of pressure and temperature. Over the investigated temperature and pressure ranges, the rate coefficient is measured to be 2.83 (± 0.18) × 10−10 cm3 molecules s−1. The enthalpies of the stationary points and transition states on the CN + 2‐MF potential energy surface are calculated using the CBS‐QB3 computational method. The kinetic results suggest the lack of a prereactive complex on the reaction entrance channel with either a very small or nonexistent entrance energy barrier. In addition, the potential energy surface calculations reveal only submerged barriers along the minimum energy path. Based on comparisons between previous CN reactions with unsaturated hydrocarbons, the most likely reaction pathway is CN addition onto one of the unsaturated carbons followed by either H or methyl elimination. The implications for the transformation of biomass‐derived fuels in nitrogen‐rich flames is discussed.
Clinical Versus Pathologic Laryngeal Cancer Staging and the Impact of Stage Change on Outcomes
Authors: Contrera Kevin J. , Hair Bryan B. , Prendes Brandon , Reddy Chandana A. , Zimmer David I. , Burkey Brian B. , Tassone Patrick 
Published: July 2020

Objectives/HypothesisEvaluate the impact and accuracy of clinical laryngeal cancer staging.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsTwo hundred sixty‐five consecutive patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent total laryngectomy from 2001 to 2017 were studied. Clinical versus pathologic tumor (T) and nodal (N) categories were compared. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards analyzed the association of stage change with perioperative factors and outcomes.ResultsForty‐seven patients (17.7%, accuracy = 0.969 ± 0.010 [standard error]) changed between T1‐2 and T3‐4. Sixty‐four patients (24.1%, accuracy = 0.866 ± 0.020) had inaccurate N category. Salvage patients were less likely to have stage change (downstage: odds ratio [OR] = 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08‐0.50, P < .001; upstage: OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23‐0.74, P = .003), but more likely to have inaccurate nodal category (39.8% vs. 11.7%, P < .001). Patients with stage change tended to have greater odds of positive/close margins (upstage: OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 0.91‐3.5, P = .092) and chemotherapy (downstage: OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 0.80‐6.14, P = .128; upstage: OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 0.85‐4.11, P = .119). Stage change was associated with recurrence (P = .047) with downstaged patients less likely to recur (hazard ratio = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08‐0.82, P = .021). Stage change was not associated with positron emission tomography scan, subsite, time to surgery, or mortality.ConclusionsA third of laryngeal cancer patients were downstaged or upstaged after laryngectomy with 18% and 24% of clinical T and N categories inaccurate, respectively. Stage change was less common for salvage patients and associated with risk of recurrence.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:559–565, 2021
Alteration of Serum Phospholipid n‐6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Compositions in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Japanese Population: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Jiang Zhe , Hayashi Takuya , Kashima Kentaro , Kurotani Kayo , Shirouchi Bungo , Mizoue Tetsuya , Sato Masao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe performed a cross‐sectional study on 215 Japanese employees aged 20–68 years to investigate the association between NAFLD and serum phospholipid fatty acid composition. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. The fatty acid composition between the control and NAFLD groups was compared, and the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was performed to eliminate each confounding effect of sex, smoking status, BMI, insulin resistance, dietary cholesterol, and salt intake. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the NAFLD prediction accuracy of fatty acids. Seventy‐one subjects were diagnosed with NAFLD. Their serum phospholipid dihomo‐γ‐linolenic acid (DGLA) level was significantly higher after adjusting for each variable using IPTW. In the ROC analysis, the ratio of ARA to DGLA had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.763. By combining the ratio of ARA to DGLA with the ratio of AST to ALT, AUC increased to 0.871. In conclusion, NAFLD subjects in a Japanese working population have higher serum phospholipid DGLA. Results of the IPTW and ROC analysis indicated that serum PL DGLA and the ratio of ARA to DGLA provide diagnosis information on the fatty liver that is different to AST and ALT and improve the accuracy of fatty liver prediction, owning potential value as serum biomarkers.
Enzymatic Extraction of Bioactive and Self‐Assembling Wool Keratin for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Su Chang , Gong Jin‐Song , Ye Jin‐Peng , He Ji‐Meng , Li Rui‐Yi , Jiang Min , Geng Yan , Zhang Yan , Chen Jing‐Hua , Xu Zheng‐Hong , Shi Jin‐Song 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKeratin is widely recognized as a high‐quality renewable protein resource for biomedical applications. Despite their extensive existence, keratin resources such as feathers, wool, and hair exhibit high stability and mechanical properties because of their high disulfide bond content. Consequently, keratin extraction is challenging and its application is greatly hindered. In this work, a biological extraction strategy is proposed for the preparation of bioactive keratin and the fabrication of self‐assembled keratin hydrogels (KHs). Based on moderate and controlled hydrolysis by keratinase, keratin with a high molecular weight of approximately 45 and 28 kDa that retain its intrinsic bioactivities is obtained. The keratin products show excellent ability to promote cell growth and migration and are conferred with significant antioxidant ability because of their intrinsically high cysteine content. In addition, without the presence of any cross‐linking agent, the extracted keratin can self‐assemble into injectable hydrogels. The KHs exhibit a porous network structure and 3D culture ability, showing potential in promoting wound healing. This enzyme‐driven keratin extraction strategy opens up a new approach for the preparation of keratin that can self‐assemble into injectable hydrogels for biomedical engineering.
Liquid‐Filling Polydimethylsiloxane Composites with Enhanced Triboelectric Performance for Flexible Nanogenerators
Authors: Jing Titao , Xu Bingang , Guan Xiaoyang , Yang Yujue , Wu Mengjie , Jiang Chenghanzhi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMaterial functionalization of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) plays an important role in TENG's electric performance for sustainable energy harvesting. In this work, a method for improving polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites triboelectric performance has been proposed, via filling high dielectric constant liquid (instead of solids) into PDMS matrix. The improvement is attributed to the high dielectric constant liquid in PDMS matrix that reduced the effective thickness of PDMS and increased the dielectric constant of PDMS composite synchronously. At 50% filling ratio (PDMS‐HD50), the triboelectric performance exhibits an enhancement of 4.5‐fold in output voltage and 3.9‐fold in output current as compared to pure PDMS. The results, besides higher transparency, are superior to the results from traditional solid dielectric constant doping materials like BaTiO3 nanoparticle in PDMS. This work has proved potentials of dielectric liquid filling materials in fabricating TENGs and could be a guidance for exploring new liquid filling materials.
Covalent Organic Frameworks with Electron‐Rich and Electron‐Deficient Structures as Water Sensing Scaffolds
Authors: Ma Wenyue , Jiang Shan , Zhang Wei , Xu Bin , Tian Wenjing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have potential applications in gas storage, catalysis, proton conduction, sensing, and chemical removal etc., due to their highly crystalline structure, good stability, porosity, as well as structural and functional controllability. Herein, by using electron‐rich group, 2,5‐bis(methylthio)terephthalaldehyde (BMTA), and electron–deficient group, 1,3,5‐tris‐(4‐aminophenyl)triazine (TAPT) as building blocks, TAPT‐BMTA‐COF is constructed through Schiff‐base reaction. TAPT‐BMTA‐COF has high crystallinity, porosity, big Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface area (BET), good chemical and thermal stability, and commendable solvatochromic properties. It can be used as the water sensing scaffold to detect the trace water in organic solvents due to the fluorescence quenching of the COF caused by the interaction between water and TAPT‐BMTA‐COF.
Transcriptome sequencing identifies a noncoding, deep intronic variant in CLCN7 causing autosomal recessive osteopetrosis
Authors: Chorin Odelia , Yachelevich Naomi , Mohamed Khaled , Moscatelli Ilana , Pappas John , Henriksen Kim , Evrony Gilad D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundOver half of children with rare genetic diseases remain undiagnosed despite maximal clinical evaluation and DNA‐based genetic testing. As part of an Undiagnosed Diseases Program applying transcriptome (RNA) sequencing to identify the causes of these unsolved cases, we studied a child with severe infantile osteopetrosis leading to cranial nerve palsies, bone deformities, and bone marrow failure, for whom whole‐genome sequencing was nondiagnostic.MethodsWe performed transcriptome (RNA) sequencing of whole blood followed by analysis of aberrant transcript isoforms and osteoclast functional studies.ResultsWe identified a pathogenic deep intronic variant in CLCN7 creating an unexpected, frameshifting pseudoexon causing complete loss of function. Functional studies, including osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption assays, confirmed normal osteoclast differentiation but loss of osteoclast function.ConclusionThis is the first report of a pathogenic deep intronic variant in CLCN7, and our approach provides a model for systematic identification of noncoding variants causing osteopetrosis—a disease for which molecular‐genetic diagnosis can be pivotal for potentially curative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Our work illustrates that cryptic splice variants may elude DNA‐only sequencing and supports broad first‐line use of transcriptome sequencing for children with undiagnosed diseases.
Simplifying LR‐HSQC spectra using a triple‐quantum filter: The LR‐HTQC experiment
Authors: Bigler Peter , Furrer Julien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLong‐range heteronuclear single quantum correlation (LR‐HSQC) experiments may be applied for detecting long‐range correlations but suffer from two disadvantages, common to all heteronuclear long‐range correlation experiments: (i) The information density in LR‐HSQC spectra may be too high to be used directly without “filtering out” shorter range correlations, and (ii) often, substantial differences in intensity among cross peaks exist, potentially hampering the visualization of weak, often crucial cross peaks. In this contribution, we propose a modified LR‐HSQC experiment, the LR‐HTQC experiment (Long‐Range Heteronuclear Triple Quantum Correlation) that partially solves the problems aforementioned. We show theoretically and experimentally that the LR‐HTQC experiment removes the intense cross peaks of CH spin pairs, substantially reduces the medium intensity of cross peaks originating from CHH' spin systems, whereas the typically weak intensity of cross peaks of CHH'H″ and C(H)n, n > 3 spin systems is less affected. Consequently, the LR‐HTQC experiment affords simplified long‐range heteronuclear shift correlation spectra and scales down large intensity differences among different types of cross peaks, although a certain general reduction of signal intensities has to be accepted.
Predicting intensive care unit bed occupancy for integrated operating room scheduling via neural networks
Authors: Schiele Julian , Koperna Thomas , Brunner Jens O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn a master surgery scheduling (MSS) problem, a hospital's operating room (OR) capacity is assigned to different medical specialties. This task is critical since the risk of assigning too much or too little OR time to a specialty is associated with overtime or deficit hours of the staff, deferral or delay of surgeries, and unsatisfied—or even endangered—patients. Most MSS approaches in the literature focus only on the OR while neglecting the impact on downstream units or reflect a simplified version of the real‐world situation. We present the first prediction model for the integrated OR scheduling problem based on machine learning. Our three‐step approach focuses on the intensive care unit (ICU) and reflects elective and urgent patients, inpatients and outpatients, and all possible paths through the hospital. We provide an empirical evaluation of our method with surgery data for Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, a German tertiary care hospital with 1700 beds. We show that our model outperforms a state‐of‐the‐art model by 43% in number of predicted beds. Our model can be used as supporting tool for hospital managers or incorporated in an optimization model. Eventually, we provide guidance to support hospital managers in scheduling surgeries more efficiently.
Fetal spina bifida: What we tell the parents
Authors: Gotha Lara , Pruthi Vagisha , Abbasi Nimrah , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Church Paige , Drake James M. , Carvalho Jose C.A. , Diambomba Yenge , Thakur Varsha , Ryan Greg , Van Mieghem Tim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWorldwide, about 150 000 infants are born with spina bifida yearly, making this condition one of the most common fetal central nervous system anomalies compatible with life. Over the last decade, major changes have been introduced in the prenatal diagnosis and management of spina bifida. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the current management of fetal spina bifida and present essential information that should be provided to expecting parents when their fetus has been diagnosed with spina bifida. This information is focused around common parental questions, as encountered in our typical clinical practice, to facilitate knowledge translation.
Modulating excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer of 2‐(5‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole depending on substituents: A DFT/TD‐DFT study
Authors: Ni Mei , Fang Hua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe OH‐based excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of 2‐(5‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (CHBT) derivatives (4R‐CHBT) that were replaced by electron‐donating groups (CH3, OH) and electron‐withdrawing groups (COOH, CF3, CN) have been studied by the time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) method. We analyzed structural parameters, infrared (IR) vibrational spectrum, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), and electronic spectra, which can describe the trend of ESIPT process. The constructed potential energy surfaces showed that the ESIPT potential energy barriers of 4R‐CHBT are in the range of 0.25 to 0.62 kcal/mol, which are just a little bigger than that value of CHBT. All the chosen substituents, no matter electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing groups, make ESIPT processes slightly more difficult.
Self‐concept and health anxiety relate to psychological outcomes for BRCA1/2 carriers
Authors: Butler Ellen , Collier Sonya , Boland Michael , Hanhauser Yvonne , Connolly Elizabeth , Hevey David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveLeventhal's common sense model of self‐regulation highlights how specific beliefs about illness influence psychological outcomes. Little is known on how such beliefs relate to BRCA1/2 adjustment. Furthermore, beliefs about one's self‐concept may be relevant to genetic conditions and may relate to psychological wellbeing.MethodsOne‐hundred and eighteen female BRCA1/2 carriers from an Irish University Hospital completed questionnaires for this cross‐sectional study. Outcomes measured were state anxiety and physical and mental health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Explanatory variables included sociodemographics, health anxiety, illness perceptions, coping and self‐concept. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted.ResultsThen, 44% of participants had clinically significant state anxiety and 12% had clinically significant health anxiety. Vulnerability, stigma, mastery and health anxiety explained 42% of the variance in state anxiety. Previous mental health difficulty, vulnerability, stigma, mastery and health anxiety explained 40% of the variance in mental HRQOL. Dysfunctional coping strategies were strongly related to the physical functioning aspect of quality of life.ConclusionBRCA‐specific beliefs related to self and health anxiety are important factors to consider in the adjustment to BRCA1/2 confirmation.