bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual wellness clinic collaborative initiative with a large urban emergency department: sexual health outcomes and linkage to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Massey Ruby , Mason Joesph A. , Friedman Eleanor E. , Stanford Kimberly A. , Garcia Damaris , Montgomery Jackson , Schmitt Jessica , Hazra Aniruddha 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Despite escalating rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States (US), there has been progressive divestment of sexual health services leading to the reliance on emergency departments (EDs) for sexual healthcare, particularly among vulnerable populations. The Sexual Wellness Clinic (SWC), a novel care delivery model operating in collaboration with the ED, offers comprehensive sexual health services. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the demographics, STI positivity, and HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among patients accessing the SWC. Design: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients attending the SWC between February 20, 2019, and September 30, 2022. Methods: Sociodemographic characteristics, STI testing results, and PrEP initiation data were collected from the electronic health record (EHR). Two multivariable logistic regression models were employed to assess associations between patient factors and STI positivity or PrEP initiation. Results: Among 651 individuals across 785 SWC visits, the majority were Black or African American (94.6%), 18–29 years of age (53.2%), and on Medicaid (65.8%). Of all visits, 27.3% resulted in a syphilis diagnosis, 16.1% tested positive for chlamydia test, and 15.0% tested positive for gonorrhea. Decreased STI positivity was associated with insertive vaginal sex (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.34, p = 0.0079) while using condoms most of the time use was associated with increased STI positivity (aOR: 2.68, p = 0.0038). Eighty SWC patients started PrEP on the same day as their visit, most of which were non-Hispanic Black (96.26%), assigned female at birth (53.75%), and on Medicaid or Medicare (68.75%). Factors associated with PrEP initiation at the SWC included a previous STI (aOR: 3.78, p < 0.001), oral sex (aOR: 2.33, p = 0.008), receptive anal sex (aOR: 3.55, p = 0.010), having a partner with HIV (aOR: 8.95, p = 0.019), and participation in transactional sex (aOR: 29.46, p = 0.029). Conclusion: Patients seen within the SWC were priority patient populations for sexual health services and PrEP linkage. The SWC was able to promote the initiation of same-day PrEP in Black cisgender women, a key population that continues to experience inequities in PrEP coverage. The SWC functions as a model for sexual healthcare delivery in populations with unmet sexual health needs.
HIV drug resistance following pre-exposure prophylaxis failure among key populations in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Ngoufack Jagni Semengue Ezechiel , Molimbou Evariste , Etame Naomi-Karell , Ka’e Christelle Aude , Ambe Collins Chenwi , Nka Alex Durand , Tueguem Pamela Patricia , Ngueko Aurelie Minelle Kengni , Mundo Rachel Audrey Nayang , Takou Désiré , Anoubissi Jean-De-Dieu , Akiy Zacheaus Zeh , Kob Ye Same David Anouar , Ngougo Duplextine Aimée , Billong Serges , Perno Carlo-Federico , Ndembi Nicaise , Fokam Joseph 
Published: December 2024

Background: Key populations (KP) are highly vulnerable to HIV acquisition and account for 70% of new infections worldwide. To optimize HIV prevention among KP, the World Health Organization recommends the combination of emtricitabine plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). However, PrEP failure could be attributed to drug resistance mutations (DRMs) but this is unexplored in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Objectives: We aim to conduct a systematic review that will provide evidence on the prevalence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) following PrEP failure among KP in SSA. Design: This will be a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods and Analysis: This systematic review will include randomized and non-randomized trials, cohorts, case controls, cross-sectional studies, and case reports evaluating the prevalence of HIVDR following PrEP failure among KP (i.e., gay men and men who have sex with men, female sex workers, transgenders, people who inject drugs, prisoners, and detainees) in SSA. Results will be stratified according to various KP, age groups (adolescents and adults), and geographic locations. Primary outcomes will be “the prevalence of PrEP failure among KP” and “the prevalence of HIVDR after PrEP failure” in SSA. Secondary outcomes would be “the prevalence of DRMs and drug susceptibility” and “the level of adherence to PrEP.” A random-effects model will be used to calculate pooled prevalence if data permit and we will explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Discussion: Our findings will provide estimates of HIVDR following PrEP failure among KP in SSA. In addition, determinants of PrEP failure and driving factors of the emergence of DRMs will also be investigated. Evidence will help in selecting effective antiretrovirals for use in PrEP among KP in SSA. Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42023463862.
Intestinal parasitic infections among individuals visiting Dembiya Primary Hospital, Central Gondar, Ethiopia: cross-sectional study
Authors: Yeshiwas Melaku , Yohannes Tilahun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) pose a significant public health challenge globally, particularly in developing regions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of IPIs among individuals visiting Dembiya Primary Hospital in Central Gondar, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2023 involving 404 participants selected through simple random sampling. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. The overall IPI prevalence was substantial at 56.4%. Six parasite species were identified, with Entamoeba histolytica being the most prevalent. Age, family role, footwear use, water contact, water source, vegetable consumption habits, and latrine use emerged as significant risk factors (p < 0.05). Notably, mothers were 16 times more likely to be infected compared to other family members (AOR = 16.372, 95% CI 4.037–66.392, p < 0.001), while individuals who never wore shoes were 31 times more likely to be infected than those who always wore shoes (AOR = 31.406, 95% CI 4.148–237.789, p < 0.001). Similarly, consuming unwashed vegetables increased infection risk by 28 times (AOR = 28.374, 95% CI 11.734–68.613, p < 0.001). These findings underscore the high burden of IPIs in the study area. To mitigate the problem, public awareness campaigns emphasizing personal and environmental hygiene, safe water consumption, and the dangers of consuming unwashed vegetables and inadequate footwear are recommended.
The chemical composition and pharmacological activities of Morinda citrifolia
Authors: Zhou Shiyang , Huang Gangliang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMorinda citrifolia has been widely used by Polynesians as a folk medicine for more than 2000 years. It was reported that the main chemical components of Morinda citrifolia include nthraquinones, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids, fatty acids and their esters, etc., it has a wide range of therapeutic properties, including anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, protective cardiovascular and anti-tumor effects. In order to reveal the nutritional and medicinal value of Morinda citrifolia and provide reference for further rational development and comprehensive utilization of Morinda citrifolia resources, the chemical composition, pharmacological activity and mechanism of Morinda citrifolia were reviewed in this review.
2′-O-Galloylhyperin Prevents Tissue Remodeling in Thyroid Eye Disease: Prospects as a Thyrotropin Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Guo Yan , Liu Boyuan , Liang Weiwei , Cheng Yanglei , Li Hai , Guan Hongyu , Xiao Haipeng , Li Yanbing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a challenging condition owing to relentless orbital tissue remodeling, with thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) in orbital fibroblasts (OFs) serving as a promising therapeutic target.

Objective
This study seeks to discover potential TSHR inhibitors among US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and evaluate their effects on TED-OFs.

Methods
Adipose tissues were sourced from the patients with or without TED. Isolated OFs were cultivated in proliferation medium or stimulated for adipogenic/fibrotic differentiation in 2-dimensional/3-dimenstional models, treated with 2′-O-galloylhyperin (2′-O-GH) (0, 5, 20, and 50 μM). Using structure-based virtual screening (SBVS), potential TSHR antagonists were identified. Cellular proliferation was analyzed by 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, flow cytometry, and spheroid size. Adipogenesis was determined by Oil Red O staining, Western blot, and immunofluorescence (IF). Fibrosis was assessed using wound–healing assays, Western blot and IF. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), hyaluronan (HA), and cytokine were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Herein, the FDA-approved drug 2′-O-GH dose-dependently decreased cAMP production and the subsequent cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation stimulated by a TSHR-stimulating monoclonal autoantibody M22, which was reversed by a consistently activated mutation of TSHR (L629F). As expected, 2′-O-GH attenuated lipid accumulation in TED-OFs, along with downregulation of key adipogenic markers, and 2′-O-GH ameliorated HA production during adipogenesis. Notably, 2′-O-GH dampened wound closure and fibrotic differentiation of TED-OF stimulated by transforming growth factor beta 1. Correspondingly, proliferation of TED-OFs was halted by 2′-O-GH.

Conclusion
2′-O-GH is promising for prevention of tissue remodeling of TED by exerting inhibitory effects on proliferation, differentiation, and HA deposition by inhibiting TSHR activation, implying its potential therapeutic value for TED.
Safety and Efficacy of Moderate-dose Denosumab in Fibrous Dysplasia: Observational Results From a Phase 2 Clinical Trial
Authors: Szymczuk Vivian , Elbashir Ibrahim I , Ahmed Ramzy , de Castro Luis F , Milligan Kelly , Li Xiaobai , Saboury Babak , Boyce Alison M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare skeletal mosaic disease associated with fractures and disability. A phase 2 trial of the RANKL inhibitor denosumab (NCT03571191) reported profound reductions in lesion activity and increased lesional mineralization after 6 months of high-dose treatment. Denosumab was well tolerated; however, discontinuation was associated with severe hypercalcemia.

Objective
Investigate the safety and efficacy of moderate-dose denosumab (120 mg/3 months) compared to the standard high-dose regimen.

Setting
Clinical research center.

Patients
Adults with FD.

Interventions
Eight adults received high-dose denosumab for 6 months (120 mg/month with loading doses on weeks 2 and 3) followed by an 8-month posttreatment observation. The protocol was amended to restart moderate-dose denosumab (120 mg/3 months) if clinically indicated.

Main Outcome Measures
Bone turnover markers, 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-NaF PET/CT), lesion biopsies.

Results
In 6 subjects who restarted moderate-dose treatment, changes in serum markers at the initial and final dose were comparable (procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide −82% and −91%, C-terminal telopeptide −86% and −86% for moderate- and high-dose, respectively). There was no difference in 18F-NaF PET/CT lesional activity or absolute change in avid lesion volume between moderate- and high-dose regimens. Sequential tissue histological analyses in 1 subject demonstrated progressive lesional mineralization and reduced cellularity with moderate-dose treatment. Bone turnover markers on moderate-dose treatment showed a sustained decline in 4 subjects; however, 2 severely affected subjects developed rebound between doses, with recurrent hypercalcemia in 1 subject.

Conclusion
Moderate-dose denosumab may provide clinical benefits comparable to the high-dose regimen in adults with FD while potentially lowering associated risks. However, discrepancies in the duration of efficacy are an important potential safety concern.
Changes in Thyroid Function and Autoimmunity in Older Individuals: Longitudinal Analysis of the Whickham Cohort
Authors: Razvi Salman S , Wild Helen , Ingoe Lorna , Vernazza Jonathan , Vanderpump Mark , Pearce Simon H S , Ludgate Marian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Longitudinal studies of thyroid function have demonstrated differing results. It remains unclear whether changes in thyroid function affect the diagnosis of subclinical thyroid dysfunction with aging.

Methods
Survivors of the Whickham cohort study were evaluated on 2 occasions between the years 2008 and 2012 and 2016 and 2019. Serum TSH, free T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT3), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were measured on both occasions using the same assay under similar conditions. Individuals with known thyroid disease or on medications affecting thyroid function were excluded. Comorbidities were noted, functional mobility was assessed by the timed up-and-go test, and muscle function was evaluated by the hand grip strength test.

Results
In 204 individuals (mean age 77.0 [±6.6] years, 114 [56%] female), followed over a median (interquartile range) of 7.8 (7.3-8.2) years, serum TSH increased by 0.29 mU/L (12.4%), FT3 and TPOAb reduced by 0.1 pmol/L (−2.1%) and 0.6 U/L (−11.2%), and there were no significant changes in FT4 levels. The calculated upper limit of serum TSH increased over the follow-up period from 4.74 mU/L to 6.28 mU/L. The relationship between serum TSH and FT4 at both time points was not significantly different. Utilizing standard laboratory reference ranges, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism increased from 3.5% at baseline to 9.0% at follow-up. However, adopting a visit-specific TSH reference range reduced the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism at both time points to 2.0%.

Discussion
Thyroid function demonstrates subtle but significant changes with age. Utilizing standard reference ranges tends to increase the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism in older euthyroid individuals. Our data suggest that adopting age-appropriate TSH reference ranges may reduce the risk of diagnosing and (potentially unnecessarily) treating subclinical hypothyroidism.
Follow-Up Estradiol Levels Based on Regimen Formulation With Guideline-Concordant Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy
Authors: Carlson Scott M , Dominguez Courtney , Jeevananthan Athavi , Crowley Matthew J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context
Endocrine Society guidelines for dosing of feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) have remained essentially unchanged since 2009. The Endocrine Society recommends periodic monitoring of serum estradiol levels, with the goal of maintaining levels in the premenopausal cisgender female range (100-200 pg/mL). However, it is not clear whether guideline-concordant dosing consistently produces guideline-recommended levels across common estradiol formulation types (oral pills, parenteral injections, transdermal patches).

Objective
All transgender and nonbinary patients receiving estradiol-based GAHT between October 2015 and March 2023 were reviewed at a single center, with the goal of determining the frequency with which guideline-concordant dosing with different estradiol formulations led to guideline-recommended estradiol levels.

Methods
Demographics, GAHT regimen, and estradiol levels were obtained via chart review, and data were analyzed descriptively.

Results
The analytic population included n = 35 individuals, including n = 9 prescribed oral estradiol pills, n = 11 prescribed parenteral injections, and n = 15 prescribed transdermal patches. With guideline-concordant doses of oral estradiol (mean 2.8 mg daily), the mean follow-up level was 168 pg/mL; 32% of follow-up levels were subtherapeutic and 14% were supratherapeutic. With guideline-concordant doses of parenteral estradiol (mean 5.8 mg weekly), the mean midpoint follow-up level was 342 pg/mL; 91% of midpoint follow-up levels were supratherapeutic. With guideline-concordant doses of transdermal estradiol (mean 0.09 mg/day), the mean follow-up level was 81.5 pg/mL; 70% of follow-up levels were subtherapeutic.

Conclusion
Supratherapeutic follow-up estradiol levels were common with guideline-concordant parenteral estradiol doses, as were subtherapeutic follow-up levels with guideline-concordant transdermal doses. These findings may suggest the need for revision of guideline-recommended estradiol doses for these formulations.
Analysis of bit error rate and receiver sensitivity of a DC biased optical OFDM transmission link using single mode fiber with distributed Raman amplifier
Authors: Tithi Fahmida Hossain , Majumder Satya Prasad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, an analytical method is presented to assess the performance of bit error rate (BER) of a DC biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) SMF transmission with distributed Raman amplifier (DRA). Formulas are developed to determine the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of a DCO-OFDM receiver and the bit error rate (BER) for an OFDM demodulator’s output. By considering the Gaussian probability density function (pdf) for the OFDM demodulator output, the average BER is calculated numerically. The results are presented based on receiver sensitivity, bit error rate and optical SNR at a given BER of 10−9, with variations in system parameters such as input signal power, data rate, fiber distance, modulation index and OFDM sub-channel number. A comparison of BER performance indicates that DC biased optical OFDM with intensity modulation direct detection (DCO-DD-OFDM) offers better receiver sensitivity compared to optical OFDM without DC bias at a BER of 10−9. Our analytical results align with the published findings on optical OFDM.
Wrapped up: advancements in volume electron microscopy and application in myelin research
Authors: Schadt Leonie Carola , Ruhwedel Torben , Pape Constantin , Sasmita Andrew Octavian , Steyer Anna Maria , Möbius Wiebke 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The three-dimensional visualization of cellular architecture by volume electron microscopy (vEM) has reignited interest in morphological descriptions of complex tissue. At the same time, the increasing availability of vEM in life sciences was the foundation for the accelerated development of analysis pipelines with automated software tools for segmentation and 3D reconstruction. This progress results in continuous generation of large amounts of data that hold a treasure box of new scientific insights waiting for discovery. Automated segmentation of morphological architecture provides quantitative readouts of cellular and organellar properties, while open availability of datasets creates the opportunity to address a diversity of research questions. Here, we discuss sample preparation and data analysis strategies in vEM and showcase how this methodology contributed to our knowledge of myelin biology and disease. Furthermore, we intent to inform users about new developments in the field of instrumentation, methods and software development with the potential to contribute to other areas of research.
Comparative study of state-of-the-art metaheuristics for solving constrained mechanical design optimization problems: experimental analyses and performance evaluations
Authors: Mehta Pranav , Abderazek Hammoudi , Kumar Sumit , Sait Sadiq M. , Yıldız Betül Sultan , Yildiz Ali Riza 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Many challenges are involved in solving mechanical design optimization problems related to the real-world, such as conflicting objectives, assorted design variables, discrete search space, intuitive flaws, and many locally optimal solutions. A comparison of algorithms on a given set of problems can provide us with insights into their performance, finding the best one to use, and potential improvements needed in their mechanisms to ensure maximum performance. This motivated our attempts to comprehensively compare eight recent meta-heuristics on 15 mechanical engineering design problems. Algorithms considered are water wave optimizer (WWO), butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA), Henry gas solubility optimizer (HGSO), Harris Hawks optimizer (HHO), ant lion optimizer (ALO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), sine–cosine algorithm (SCA) and dragonfly algorithm (DA). Comparative performance analysis is based on the solution trait obtained from statistical tests and convergence plots. The results demonstrate the wide range of adaptability of considered algorithms for future applications.
The Effects of Heparinized Normal Saline Flushing and Prophylactic Enoxaparin on Central Venous Catheter Thrombosis in PICU Hospitalized Pediatric
Authors: Mohebbi Maryam , Hosseinali Beigi Effat , Mohebbi Rezvaneh , Ghodsi Maryam 
Published: December 2024

Background: Central venous catheter (CVC) thrombosis is one of the most common complications of CVC that occurs in children and adults. Prevention of this blockage improves the treatment process and reduces treatment costs. Due to the lack of studies on preventive methods of CVC thrombosis, this study aimed to examine the effect of NS flushing heparinized and prophylactic dose of enoxaparin in prevention of CVC induced thrombosis in hospitalized patients in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
Methods: Eighty pediatrics with Central venous catheter admitted to the PICU enrolled in this trial and were divided into two groups as receiving heparinized normal saline was flushed every 8 hours under sterile conditions and receiving enoxaparin trough injection subcutaneously every 12 hours. The incidence of CVC-related thrombosis, diagnosed using color Doppler ultrasound of the vein containing the catheter was measured. Patients were monitored daily in terms of clinical symptoms related to thrombosis.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference in gender, age, anthropometric findings and vital sign as well as risk factors between two groups of the trial (P>0.05). Additionally, the finding showed a statistically significant relationship between major surgery (P=0.01) and heart disease (P=0.03) with symptomatic and asymptomatic thrombosis between the enoxaparin and heparinized normal saline groups. The rate of sepsis and bleeding were lower in enoxaparin group but it was not significant between study groups.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that enoxaparin may be considered as a clinical approach in thrombosis management and more clinical trials are needed.
Wujud Akulturasi Arsitektur Rumah Tinggal Etnis Arab di Kampung Al-Munawar 13 Ulu Palembang
Authors: Jaya Anjuma Perkasa , Ardiansyah A. , Armarieno Dessa Andriyali 
Published: December 2024

<p><em>The ability of the Arab ethnic group to mingle with the indigenous community and the rulers of Palembang City led to cultural acculturation, including in architecture. The aim of this research is to identify the forms of architectural acculturation that occur in Arab ethnic houses in the village of Al-Munawar 13 Ulu Palembang and to find the architectural typology of these houses. The research method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. The results of the research found that the architectural acculturation that occurred in Arab ethnic house buildings in Al-Munawar village did not lead to new architectural styles but one style became dominant over the other styles. Rumah Tinggi and Rumah Darat where the Palembang architectural style has become more dominant than the Arabic architectural style, while in the Rumah Batu, Land Twin House, Glass House, and Sea Twin House the colonial architectural style has become very dominant over the Palembang and Arab architectural styles.</em><em> </em></p><p> </p>