bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STEREOTYPING AFRICAN AMERICANS’ RACIAL IDENTITY ON VALERIE MARTIN’S PROPERTY
Authors: Rasiah Rasiah 
Published: November 2020

This study is intended to analyze the persistence of African American stereotype in the contemporary slavery-themed novel authored by Valerie Martin, Property (2003). Valerie Martin is a white author, who seems to have changed the slavery discourse, but the stereotyping of African Americans is still there and built in a new form of stereotyping. Postcolonial analysis showed that the stereotyping of African Americansas ‘other’ existed in direct stereotyping and indirect stereotyping. Direct stereotyping is that the author directly uses the pejorative language and symbols in forming the African American character, meanwhile indirect stereotyping is the author using the shift of discourse that seemed worthy in describing the African American character, but in the same time it affirms the stereotype of the African American identity as inferior still exists, even in the so-called Post-racial era in the United States. Keywords: Representation, Stereotyping, Identity, Race, African American
MODERATE ISLAM AND ITS RELEVANCE IN THE POST 9/11 AMERICA AS IMPLIED IN IMAM FEISAL ABDUL RAUF’S MOVING
Authors: Pratama Rifka 
Published: November 2020

American Muslim is one of some existing religious minorities in America. Despite of minority, this religious group has been long, some believed it has been even since the Columbus exploration, living in the country. As time goes, the American Muslims are able to blend with American Society. These Muslim individuals are found in many fields of life of American, such as social, economic, education, and even politics in America. This condition is anyway worth appreciating as the struggle of American Muslims for their existence is not something simple and easy. Apart from the reality, the deadly attacks of 9/11, to some extent, has put American Muslims to be objects of suspicions. Soon after the tragedy, Muslims in many occasions are prejudiced as harsh, and of course, terrorists. These suspicions and prejudice have been, in fact, long found in the middle of American society pre-9/11 attacks. However, the tragedy aggravates the status quo of the American Muslims and it soon creates the worst point of so-called Islamophobia. In response to this phenomenon, many American Muslims start to deliver counters in various ways and media. Among the American Muslim figures, Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf, an American Muslim activist and leader, actively brushes off the bad images of Islam, especially regarding the 9/11 tragedy. Through his book entitled “Moving the Mountain: beyond Ground Zero to a New Vision of Islam in America”, Rauf explains his views on Islam. This book also implies counters to the so-called phenomena of Islamophobia. On the other hand, Moderate Islam contains the same spirits with Rauf’s Moving the Mountain. It offers the spirit of moderation in understanding and practicing Islam. Both the ideas in turn are able to counter Islamophobia in America, especially in post 9/11 America.Keyword: American Muslims, Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf, Moving the Mountain,Islamophobia, Moderate Islam
HYBRIDITY IN POPULAR CULTURE: A TRANSNATIONAL ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN ADAPTATIONS OF JAPANESE MOVIES IN 21st CENTURY
Authors: Febrina Della Putri 
Published: November 2020

American popular culture has developed from time to time in producing the products. In the progress, the popular product has been modified to satisfy the taste of the consumer and Hollywood is being the one of popular product maker which applied modifications in manufacturing movies; and the result of the development is hybridity seen in Hollywood movies.The journal is written under American Studies discipline, by applying transnational analysis as the basis of the study. Furthermore, the research also used the theory of hybridity in constructing the analysis which concerned about American adaptations of Japanese original movies, namely The Grudge, Hachi: A Dog’s Tale, and Godzilla. The method used in the journal is the qualitative research which comprises the library research by analyzing the three movies as the primary data and the information of the production as the secondary data.There are some conclusions met in the analysis. Being the first one is the three movies definitely adopt American and Japanese narratives and build a new sphere where the two nations living under the same frame. The adoption includes adoption of values, language, and iconic figure in Japan. Then, the second discussion which intended to see the changing of values and taste in Hollywood has resulted some conclusions that the Hollywood has power in shifting the values of the original movies which defined as eastern values to be the ones which related to American values and the three American adaptations in the journal trigger the emergence of American movies with Asian narratives. Keywords: Hybridity, transnational, Hollywood, movies, popular culture, adaptation
From Suspended to Emergent Woman, An African American Criticism of Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God
Authors: Ntamwana Simon 
Published: November 2020

This paper discusses the rise of the woman from a downtrodden woman to an emergent subject through an assimilated subjugated woman in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God. It is based on the African American approach and Mary Helen Washington’s theory of black woman character types in African American literature. It aims at identifying the woman character types in the novel and discussing the woman’s ascension from her patriarchal suspension into her emergence as an independent woman. Anchored on the hypothetical contention that the woman arises from suspension to emergence through assimilation phases, it was found out that during her gradual ascension and independence quest the woman subverts the oppressive patriarchy and its abusive masculinity and transforms it into a man equitably collaborating with her. Janie the protagonist born subservient to patriarchy like her grandmother Nannie fights to liberate herself through love and marriage. While the first marriage with Logan maintains her under patriarchal oppression, the second spousal union with Jody is a simulation of liberation that refrains her from public life and expression. Through gradual revolt against patriarchy, Janie reaches her desired woman selfhood in the third marriage with Tea Cake. Keywords: Suspended, Assimilated, Emergent, African American Literary Approach
Racial Passing Practiced by Mulattoes: A New Historicist Reading of Nella Larsen’s Passing and Jessie Fauset’s Plum Bun”
Authors: Fatmawati Desy Eka 
Published: November 2020

Racial passing practice is the act of passing or disguising as white by mulattoes, and it became a phenomenon during Harlem Renaissance. Harlem Renaissance is an era when African American culture related to arts, literature, and music were greatly celebrated. This era can also be said as the most glamorous and happiest moment for African Americans since the antebellum era. Using two of the prominent racial passing narratives during Harlem Renaissance: Passing by Nella Larsen and Plum Bun by Jessie Fauset, this research aims to find the depiction of racial passing practice in the two narratives in order to get deeper understanding of the issue. This research is under American Studies paradigm of Post-nationalist to take into account the minorities’ perspective in understanding America. The minorities’ perspective in this context is from African American’s mixed raced descents (mulattoes). As the focus of this research is historical phenomenon, this research also applies New Historicism as an approach. Based on the analysis, racial passing practice was a reaction from white’s domination through Jim Crow laws, and African Americans considered racial passing practice as a form of both “fooling the white folks” and a betrayal to their “true people”. Keywords: Racial Passing, Mulattoes, Harlem Renaissance, Jim Crow, New Historicism
THE EMERGENCE OF LOCAL COFFEE SHOPS IN INDONESIA AS A COUNTER TO AMERICAN CULTURE HEGEMONY
Authors: Nurhasanah Siti , Dewi Chika 
Published: November 2020

After winning World War II, the United States (US) tried to spread its hegemony in almost all aspects, including culture. Starbucks has become the biggest MNC belong to the US that spreads western culture in Indonesia. Starbucks, with its 326 outlets in Indonesia, has brought its new value to Indonesian society. In this paper, the writer would like to analyze the response of Indonesians in dealing with the cultural hegemony that Starbucks brings as the representation of the American culture. This paper uses library research as the data collection method and qualitative method in analyzing the data. The writer analyzes this case by applying the circuit of culture theory, which consists of 5 aspects: production, consumption, regulation, representation, and identity. The writer will focus on how local coffee shops adopt the management and production process from Starbucks applied in their coffee shops. The creativity of Indonesians has made new cultures are quickly adopted. The advent of Starbucks in Indonesia had stimulated the establishment of local coffee shops that are not less competitive with Starbucks as the giant coffee shop corporation. The local coffee shops can give a unique experience in enjoying a coffee just like Starbucks with its “Starbucks Experience”. The local coffee shops also can provide not only coffee, but also other products that might take the interest of customers. The local coffee shops are able to imitate, and modify Starbucks concept in local versions.Keywords: Starbucks; circuit of culture; production; local coffee; coffee culture
DESIRING DOMINATION: A POSTFEMINIST STUDY ON THE LYRICS OF LANA DEL REY’S ULTRAVIOLENCE ALBUM
Authors: Adhitya Galant Nanta , Lasari Nadia 
Published: November 2020

Feminist movements are said to have served their purposes and achieved equality, empowerment, and emancipation for women. America thus enters the era of postfeminism. A redefined image of independent and free-spirited yet feminine women is brought through popular cultural products, creating a shift in the view of 21st century American women, one of which can be seen from their response toward male domination. It is expressed in the lyrics of songs compiled in Lana Del Rey’s Ultraviolence album. This study employs descriptive qualitative method by treating the lyrics with the same approach as poetry. The data are in the form of language features, such as words, phrases, clauses, lines, and verses related to women’s response to male domination. McRobbie’s notion of double entanglement allows this study to borrow the feminist concept of male domination. There are five male dominating conducts found in the lyrics: 1) marginalization in “Sad Girl”; 2) subordination in “Shades of Cool”, 3) stereotype in “The Other Woman”; 4) physical and psychological violence in “Ultraviolence”, sexual violence in “Fucked My Way Up to the Top”; 5) domestic workload in “Old Money”. Meanwhile, the women’s response toward male domination is expressed in “Brooklyn Baby”. The progressive postfeminists approach male domination differently from the conservative feminists. The female speaker of the lyrics comprehend that her men’s conducts are dominating her, yet she receives them with a manner full of desire. For her, every relationship has the luxury to define their own rules as long as there is a consensual agreement from both parties involved.Keywords: domination; lyrics; postfeminism; postnational; women
Pengaruh Kombinasi Pupuk Anorganik dan Vinase Diperkaya Mikrobia terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jagung (<i>Zea mays</i> L.)
Authors: Respatie Dyah Weny , Rohman Muhammad Saifur , Widianto Donny , Widada Jaka 
Published: November 2020

Penggunaan pupuk kimia dalam jangka panjang akan berdampak buruk bagi lahan pertanian, oleh karena itu diperlukan eksplorasi pupuk alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kombinasi pupuk NPK dan vinase diperkaya mikrobia yang memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung optimal serta mengetahui efektivitasnya dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Februari - Juni 2020. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok lengkap (RAKL) faktor tunggal dengan tiga blok sebagai ulangan. Faktor yang diuji berupa kombinasi pupuk NPK standar (NPK majemuk + urea) dan vinase diperkaya mikrobia yang terdiri atas enam aras yaitu tanpa pupuk (P0), NPK standar yang terdiri dari 300 kg/ha NPK + 250 kg/ha urea (P1), vinase diperkaya mikrobia sesuai dosis anjuran 15000 L.ha-1 (P2), ¾ NPK standar + 15000 L.ha-1 vinase diperkaya mikrobia (P3), ½ NPK standar + 15000 L.ha-1 (P4) dan ¼ NPK standar + 15000 L.ha-1 vinase diperkaya mikrobia (P5). Data pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA pada taraf α = 5% apabila terdapat beda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT pada taraf α = 5%. Kombinasi 3/4 NPK standar + 15000 L.ha-1 (P3) memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung optimal yang sama baiknya dengan NPK standar (P1). Vinase diperkaya mikrobia sebanyak 15000 L.ha-1 yang dikombinasikan dengan ¾ NPK standar (P3) efektif meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung dengan nilai RAE >100%. Dari hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa vinase diperkaya mikrobia mampu mensubstitusi penggunaan pupuk kimia sebesar 25 % pada pertanaman jagung.
Corticosteroid use in viral pneumonia: experience so far and the dexamethasone breakthrough in coronavirus disease-2019
Authors: Rafiullah Mohamed , Siddiqui Khalid 
Published: November 2020

Dexamethasone was shown to decrease the mortality in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) recently. Use of corticosteroids was harmful in other coronavirus infections previously. WHO recommended against routine use of corticosteroids in COVID-19. In view of these, we reviewed the evidence about the use of corticosteroids in virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Corticosteroids are beneficial in ARDS regardless of etiology. However, they increased the mortality rate in influenza-associated ARDS. In SARS and the Middle East respiratory syndrome, corticosteroids increased the mortality, delayed the viral clearance and increased the length of hospital stay. In the case of COVID-19, the available evidence from retrospective and observational studies is inconclusive about the corticosteroid use. Low-dose therapies appear to be effective. Evidence from a randomized control study found dexamethasone is effective in decreasing mortality in severe COVID-19 cases. More studies are needed to validate the benefit of corticosteroids in COVID-19.
DESIGN INSTITUCIONAL DA CGU: IMPACTOS PARA A POLÍTICA DE PREVENÇÃO E COMBATE À CORRUPÇÃO
Authors: Florêncio Filho Marco Aurélio , Zanon Patricie Barricelli 
Published: November 2020

A política de Prevenção e Combate à Corrupção no Brasil, influenciada por normativos internacionais passa por um momento de intensificação que culmina em uma intensa produção legislativa e na criação de novas instituições voltadas ao controle desse tipo de criminalidade, sendo posta em prática através de um espectro multi-institucional. Nesse contexto, o design dessas instituições, isto é, sua estrutura, divisão de competência e formas de relacionamento com as demais instituições é capaz de impactar a efetividade da política em questão. O artigo analisou o design institucional da CGU, uma das instituições que mais tem se destacado atualmente no que se refere ao controle da corrupção, a fim de concluir os impactos para a política anticorrupção que decorrem de tal desenho. Para tanto, foi feita uma análise bibliográfica, bem como a verificação de dados quantitativos e qualitativos referentes a relatórios relacionados ao desempenho da instituição e conclui-se que a CGU não pode ser considerada uma agência anticorrupção, bem como a necessidade de focar na superação das seguintes debilidades que constituem desafios para a efetividade da política anticorrupção: fragilidade de recursos financeiros e humanos, risco à neutralidade das decisões e necessidade de contínuos esforços de articulação com demais instituições.
Nalbuphine Use for Postoperative Pain in Bariatric Surgery: Case Series and Rationale
Authors: De Oliveira A. R. , Conter F. S. , Martinelli E. S. , Weston A. C. 
Published: November 2020

Obesity became an epidemic condition worldwide with a significant impact in healthcare and surgical interventions emerged as a treatment for it. Due to their health conditions, obese population are at higher risk of presenting opioids adverse effects. The goal of this study is to assess the potential use of nalbuphine on bariatric surgery according to its beneficial effect as an agonist-antagonist opioid.
A total of 93 medical records of consecutive patients were selected retrospectively at Santa Casa de Porto Alegre Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019. Patients were overall women, middle-aged, with obesity grade 3 and with stable comorbidities. Sleeve gastrectomy was the main surgery technique by laparoscopic approach. Anesthesia used was essentially TIVA, with Dipyrone and NSAIDS as the main adjuvants associated. The time to the first requirement of nalbuphine (TFRN) and total dose of nalbuphine in 24h (TDN24) had medians of 80 minutes and 20mg, respectively. Respiratory depression, urinary retention and pruritus were not found in any patients. The only data statistically significant was sex related TDN24, with men using almost twice larger median doses than women.
The analgesic properties and adverse effects profile look encouraging in this setting. The female prevalence is a relevant information considering the influence of gender in nalbuphine efficacy. We can see the agreement with this concept observing that the only statistically significant difference in all study was the total dose of nalbuphine in the first 24h postoperative, favoring females.
Association of Acute Otitis Media with Breast Feeding Position Among Infants in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan
Authors: Rasool Samia Tul , Mansoor Sana , Khan Tayyab Mumtaz , Alamgir Ashar , Meer Maida , Masood Fakeha , Khan Shahrukh , Mumtaz Madeeha , Akram Jehanzeb , Mansoor Hina 
Published: November 2020

Acute otitis media (AOM) is the commonest disease of childhood. High incidence of AOM might be due to immature Eustachian Tube and immaturity of immune system. Exclusive breast feeding is protective against acute otitis media, however, improper breastfeeding position can increase AOM occurrence in infants. This study aims to assess the association of improper breastfeeding position with occurrence of Acute otitis media in infants and to assess association of Maternal educational levels with feeding positions. 220 breastfed infants satisfying inclusion criteria with diagnosed AOM were enrolled. Study was conducted over a period of 6 months from August 2019 to January 2020. Demographic details and Detailed history regarding feeding positions and maternal educational levels were obtained through a Self-structured proforma from parents. Data analysis was done through descriptive statistics and chi square test and p value less than 0.5 was set significant. Out of 220 infants, 123(55.90%) were male and 97(44.10%) were females. AOM was more common in male infants than female infants, however it was not statistically significant(p=0.169). The mean age for enrolled infants(1-12months) was 6.90(±3.413). Statistically significant association between increase incidence of AOM and breastfeeding position was found(p=0.032). We also found a statistically significant association between maternal educational levels and breastfeeding position (p= 0.000). In this study, we have noted that Breastfeeding in supine position is associated significantly with increase in incidence of AOM. Feeding positions are statistically associated with Maternal Educational levels.
Mapas callejeros o cómo transitar el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires. La guía Filcar de planos suburbanos de 1955
Authors: Gómez Pintus Ana Helena , Minatta Florencia 
Published: November 2020

Desde mediados de la década del treinta, acompañando el escenario dinámico de la expansión metropolitana de Buenos Aires se reconoce un notable incremento en la producción de mapas viales, que presentan un panorama muy diverso, en cuanto a los modos de producción y los usuarios a los que pretendían llegar. Sintéticamente, el estudio que aquí planteamos propone el análisis de un caso: la guía Filcar de planos suburbanos de 1955. Se busca dar cuenta de sus características particulares, formas de producción, de circulación y usuarios a quienes estaba dirigida. Los primeros resultados dan cuenta de que su novedad residía en cubrir un amplio sector del GBA a partir de láminas individuales que presentaban información vial en una escala de entre 1:20.000 y 1:40.000 incluyendo topónimos de calles, con índice lateral y publicidades. Por otro lado, a partir de una metodología de restitución, fue posible dar cuenta de que la guía no recompone la totalidad del área metropolitana, sino que algunos sectores poblados quedan vacantes del relevamiento.
Dough Development, Texture and Organoleptic of Steamed Bread Addition with Moringa Leaf Flour
Authors: Firdausy Haris Maulana , Widodo Richardus , Panjaitan Tiurma W Susanti 
Published: November 2020

Steamed breads are economic hawker that can be enjoyed by all people. Steamed bread fortified with moringa leaves will make relatively low nutritional products raised in nutritional standards. It produces products that are not only filling but also steamed buns are also highly nutritious. Moringa leaves contain many nutrients and benefits, and their use has not been maximized. This study aims to determine the aspects of texture, dough development capacity, and the level of organoleptic acceptance of steamed bread with the addition of moringa leaf flour. Texture testing is done using a penetrometer and getting P1 to be the softest product compare to others mixtures (P0, P2, P3) with an average value of 223 mm/50g/10s. Measurements of the dough expandability show that P1 can expand by 53.8%. Furthermore, in terms of organoleptic, P1 treatment is preferred by most (60%) panellists for the colour category. The addition of moringa leaf flour by 5% (P1) and 10% (P2) is preferred by 40% and 45% for the aroma category. In contrast for taste, 40% of panellists favour steamed bread without the addition of moringa leaf flour (P0). Then, the more addition of Moringa leaf flour, the less number of panellists who like it.
Rabbit Skin Gelatine Effect Towards Yoghurt Quality
Authors: Pancapalaga Wehandaka , Ashari Bagus 
Published: November 2020

This research aims to discover the quality of yoghurt added by rabbit skin gelatine of various concentrations. Qualities measured are protein content, fat content, acidity, pH, water holding capacity (WHC), syneresis, viscosity, and yoghurt texture. Materials used in this research are skim milk, rabbit skin gelatine, and yoghurt culture, which consisted of bacteria such as L. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus, and L. Acidophilus. The experiment is conducted using Completely Randomised Design, consisted of four treatments and five-time repetition. If there is an effect, the treatment later continued to Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Experimentation on texture is conducted through an organoleptic test with 25 panellists and later analysed with the Kruskal-Wallis Test. The treatments determined in this experiment are the effect on the addition of rabbit skin gelatin proportion of 0% (P0), 0.4% (P1), 0.6% (P2), and 0.8% (P3). The result of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) shows that the addition of gelatine has a significant difference (P<0.05) towards protein content, water holding capacity (WHC), and syneresis and no significant difference (P>0.05) towards the fat content, viscosity, pH, and yoghurt's acidity degree. The Kruskal-Wallis test result shows the significant difference (P>0.05) towards yoghurt's texture. This research concludes that the best yoghurt quality is obtained by the addition of 0.8% of rabbit skin gelatine.