bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inzet op omgevingsbewust en kwaliteitsbewust werken in beleidsonderzoek
Authors: Kunseler Eva , Verwoerd Lisa , Verwest Femke 
Published: November 2020

Inzet op omgevingsbewust en kwaliteitsbewust werken in beleidsonderzoek Illustraties uit de lerende evaluatie van het Natuurpact van het Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving
Een reflexieve kijk op beleidsonderzoek gaat uit van continue dynamiek tussen kennisontwikkeling en beleids- en uitvoeringspraktijken. Beleidsonderzoekers zoeken naar houvast om gedegen en relevant onderzoek te blijven doen, onderwijl inspelend op onzekerheden, onvoorspelbaarheid en kritische geluiden die kenmerkend zijn voor de huidige kennissamenleving. Via omgevingsbewust werken kunnen zij hun onderzoeksaanpak leren afstemmen op de kenmerken en maatschappelijke context van beleidsdossiers. Via kwaliteitsbewust werken kunnen zij leren inspelen op de verwachtingen rondom een bepaalde expertrol en onderzoeksaanpak binnen de eigen contexten van onafhankelijkheid en wetenschappelijke verantwoording.Aan de hand van een casus – de lerende evaluatie van het Natuurpact, een innovatieve evaluatiestudie bij het Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving – laten we zien hoe een reflexieve aanpak helpt om onderzoek in de nabijheid van de dynamische beleidspraktijk uit te voeren. Doordat deze aanpak buiten de comfortzone van onderzoekers ligt, is omgevingsbewust en kwaliteitsbewust werken voor onderzoekers geen vanzelfsprekendheid. We roepen beleidsonderzoekers zelf, de organisaties waar ze werkzaam zijn en beleidsmedewerkers op om hun reflexieve vaardigheden verder te ontwikkelen via het inrichten van lerende processen, effectieve kennisdeling via Communities of Practice en leerwerktrajecten, en open en adaptieve kennis-beleidsarrangementen.
Políticas de cotas nas instituições federais de ensino do Rio Grande do Sul: avaliação da transparência ativa e passiva
Authors: Adamski Itiane Vanessa , Visentini Monize Sâmara , Writzl Darlan Nei 
Published: November 2020

Neste texto apresenta-se resultados de um estudo que teve como objetivo analisar a transparência ativa e passiva da informação relacionada às políticas de cotas nos sites das instituições federais de ensino superior do Rio Grande do Sul. Para realizar a coleta e análise dos dados nos sites na transparência ativa utilizou-se o método de análise de conteúdo. Para a coleta e análise dos dados da transparência passiva foram elaboradas três perguntas e enviadas para as instituições federais de ensino superior pelo e-sic. Os resultados da análise da transparência ativa e passiva da informação referente às políticas de cotas indicam que as dez instituições federais de ensino superior disponibilizam informações sobre as políticas de ingresso, matrícula e permanência de estudantes nessas instituições de forma clara e acessível, procurando atender à Lei de Acesso à Informação.Palavras-chave: educação pública; lei de aceso à informação; checklist.
Surgical treatment of a patient with congenital nystagmus with compensatory head posture: A case report
Authors: Kurent Alma , Kosec Dragica 
Published: November 2020

The correction of compensatory head posture in a congenital nystagmus involves surgical treatment that includes recession and resection of extraocular muscles to move the eccentric null zone to a primary position.
A 39-year-old patient presented with an impaired visual acuity and nystagmus that was present since childhood. She had a left head turn with permanent neck pain. At the examination, best corrected visual acuity was 0.4 in both eyes with her glasses. Correction in the right eye was -6.50-1.50/180° and in the left eye -5.50-2.50/180°. Measured objective and subjective angles of squint were +4°, fusion from -3° to +29°, with the presence of stereo vision. During the cover test the nystagmus was present and it enhanced while covering the eye. Ocular motility was not limited. Fundus examination revealed myopic changes in both eyes. Prisms were prescribed, which were well tolerated by the patient. Also, no apparent head turn was noticed while wearing the prisms.
Nine months later, the patient underwent a Kestenbaum procedure. Retroposition of the lateral rectus muscle with resection of the medial rectus muscle in the right eye and retroposition of the medial rectus muscle with resection of the lateral rectus muscle in the left eye were performed. After the procedure nystagmus dampened the most in the minimal left position, the head was in a straight position. Two years after the procedure nystagmus dampened the most in the primary position, the head was in a straight position. Nine years after surgery and refractive correction with contact lenses, the visual acuity was 0.8-0.9p in both eyes.
The presented case showed that adequate functional and surgical treatment led to a good morphological outcome with improved visual acuity in a patient with congenital nystagmus and a compensatory head posture even in adulthood.
Are Surrogate Markers for Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis Remission Reliable?
Authors: Crisologo Peter A. , Malone Matthew , La Fontaine Javier , Oz Orhan , Bhavan Kavita , Nichols Adam , Lavery Lawrence A. 
Published: November 2020

Background
We aimed to evaluate surrogate markers commonly used in the literature for diabetic foot osteomyelitis remission after initial treatment for diabetic foot infections (DFIs).

Methods
Thirty-five patients with DFIs were prospectively enrolled and followed for 12 months. Osteomyelitis was determined from bone culture and histologic analysis initially and for recurrence. Fisher exact and χ2 tests were used for dichotomous variables and Student t and Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variables (α = .05).

Results
Twenty-four patients were diagnosed as having osteomyelitis and 11 as having soft-tissue infections. Four patients (16.7%) with osteomyelitis had reinfection based on bone biopsy. The success of osteomyelitis treatment varied based on the surrogate marker used to define remission: osteomyelitis infection (16.7%), failed wound healing (8.3%), reulceration (20.8%), readmission (16.7%), amputation (12.5%). There was no difference in outcomes among patients who were initially diagnosed as having osteomyelitis versus soft-tissue infections. There were no differences in osteomyelitis reinfection (16.7% versus 45.5%; P = .07), wounds that failed to heal (8.3% versus 9.1%; P = .94), reulceration (20.8% versus 27.3%; P = .67), readmission for DFIs at the same site (16.7% versus 36.4%; P = .20), amputation at the same site after discharge (12.5% versus 36.4%; P = .10). Osteomyelitis at the index site based on bone biopsy indicated that failed therapy was 16.7%. Indirect markers demonstrated a failure rate of 8.3% to 20.8%.

Conclusions
Most osteomyelitis markers were similar to markers in soft-tissue infection. Commonly reported surrogate markers were not shown to be specific to identify patients who failed osteomyelitis treatment compared with patients with soft-tissue infections. Given this, these surrogate markers are not reliable for use in practice to identify osteomyelitis treatment failure.
Incidence and Recovery of Acute Kidney Injury in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with Foot Infections
Authors: Ryan Easton C. , Crisologo Peter Andrew , Oz Orhan K. , Fontaine Javier La , Wukich Dane K. , Malone Matthew , Lavery Lawrence A. 
Published: November 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and recovery of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients admitted to the hospital with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) with foot infections.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 294 patients with DM and 88 without DM admitted to the hospital with foot infections. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines were used to define AKI. Recovery was divided into three categories: full, partial, and no recovery within 90 days of the index AKI.
Results: The AKI incidence was 3.0 times higher in patients with DM (DM 48.5% versus no DM 23.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74–5.19; P < .01). Acute kidney injury incidence was similar at each stage in people with and without DM (stage 1, DM 58.1% versus no DM 47.6%; stage 2, DM 23.3% versus no DM 33.3%, and stage 3, DM 18.6% versus no DM 19.1%). Twenty-nine patients with diabetes had a second AKI event and four had a third event. In patients without DM, one patient had a second AKI. Cumulative AKI incidence was 4.7 times higher in people with DM (DM 60.9% versus no DM 25.0%; 95% CI, 2.72–8.03; P < .01). Patients with diabetes progressed to chronic kidney disease or in chronic kidney disease stage 39.4% of the time. Patients without diabetes progressed 16.7% of the time, but this trend was not significant (P = .07). Complete recovery was 3.8 times more likely in patients without diabetes (95% CI, 1.26–11.16; P = .02).
Conclusions: Acute kidney injury incidence is higher in patients with diabetes, and complete recovery after an AKI is less likely compared to patients without diabetes.
Wine Economics
Authors: Castriota Stefano 
Published: November 2020

A comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to the economics of the production, distribution, and consumption of wine.
Wine economics is a growing subfield that examines the economics of the production, distribution, and consumption of wine. In this book, Stefano Castriota takes a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to the study of wine economics, drawing on literature from industrial organization, welfare economics, economic policy, political economy, management, finance, health economics, law, and criminology.
Castriota explores how wine markets operate and how they are regulated, covering such diverse topics as the health economics of wine consumption (both the positive health effects associated with moderate wine intake and the negative effects of alcohol abuse), the competition and profitability of wineries, the function of wine as an investment, and the quality of wine. He examines differences between the wine industries in the Old World and the New World, comparing small, family-owned wineries with larger conglomerates, and analyzes the regulation of wine in the United States versus the European Union. He concludes with a series of recommendations to ensure open and efficient wine markets while protecting public health.
Originally published in Italy as Economia del Vino, this English translation has been extensively revised. It includes additional material focusing on the English-speaking countries of the New World, particularly the regulatory environment of the United States and the lingering effects of Prohibition.
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
Neurocognitive effects of six ketamine infusions and the association with antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant bipolar depression: a preliminary study
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zhou Yan-Ling , Wang Cheng-Yu , Lan Xiao-Feng , Zhang Bin , Yang Ming-Zhe , Nie Sha , Ning Yu-Ping 
Published: November 2020

Objective
The N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype glutamate receptor antagonist ketamine has rapid antidepressant and antisuicidal effects in treating treatment-resistant bipolar depression (TRBD). The neurocognitive effects of repeated ketamine infusions in TRBD are not known.

Methods
Six intravenous infusions of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg over 40 min) were administered on a Monday–Wednesday–Friday schedule during a 12-day period on 16 patients with TRBD followed by a 2-week observational period. The assessment of neurocognitive function was conducted using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery at baseline, 13 and 26 days. Tasks were designed to test speed of processing, working memory, visual learning and verbal learning.

Results
A significant improvement was found only in scores of speed of processing (F = 9.9, p = 0.001) after a 2-week observational period, which was accounted for by the improvement of depression symptoms. There were no significant changes over time in terms of working memory, visual learning and verbal learning. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the improvement of depression symptoms through six ketamine infusions was greater among TRBD patients with lower working memory at baseline (r = 0.54, p = 0.03). In multiple regression analysis, the significant correlation was still maintained (beta = 0.67, t = 2.2, p = 0.04).

Conclusion
This preliminary study indicated that six ketamine infusions were not harmful but were slightly beneficial for speed of processing in TRBD. However, this change was mainly accounted for the improvement of depression symptoms over time. Lower baseline working memory appears to be associated with greater antidepressant response after completion of six ketamine infusions in patients with TRBD.
Increased expression of POLR3G predicts poor prognosis in transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xianhui , Zhang Weiyu , Wang Huanrui , Lai Chin-Hui , Xu Kexin , Hu Hao 
Published: November 2020

Background
Previous studies have shown that RNA Polymerase III Subunit G (POLR3G) has oncogenic effects in cultured cells and mice. However, the role of POLR3G in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) has not been reported. This study explores the potential of POLR3G as a novel molecular marker for TCC.

Methods
The RNA sequencing data and clinical information of patients with TCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas official website. Transcriptome analysis was performed as implemented in the edgeR package to explore whether POLR3G was up-regulated in TCC tissues compared to normal bladder tissues. The expression of POLR3G in bladder cancer cell line T24 and human uroepithelial cell line SV-HUC-1 were detected via quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Correlations between POLR3G expression and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis H test. Clinicopathological characteristics associated with overall survival were explored using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analyses. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the associated gene sets enriched in different POLR3G expression phenotypes and the online tool Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER) was used to explore the correlation between POLR3G expression and tumor immune infiltration in TCC.

Results
Transcriptome analysis showed that POLR3G was significantly up-regulated in TCC tissues compared to normal bladder tissues. Furthermore, qRT-PCR revealed high expression of POLR3G in T24 cells compared to SV-HUC-1 cells. Overall, POLR3G expression was associated with race, tumor status, tumor subtype, T classification, and pathological stage. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that higher POLR3G expression was associated with lower overall survival. The univariate Cox regression model revealed that age at diagnosis, pathological stage, and POLR3G expression were associated with prognosis of TCC patients. Further multivariate analyses identified these three clinicopathological characteristics as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. GSEA analysis showed that several gene sets associated with tumor development and metastasis, including TGF-β signaling, PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, and IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling, were significantly enriched in POLR3G high expression phenotype. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that the expression of POLR3G was significantly correlated with infiltrating levels of immune cells, including CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells; and the expression of POLR3G was also significantly correlated with the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA4, LAG3, HAVCR2, and TIGIT.

Conclusions
POLR3G was up-regulated in TCC and high POLR3G expression correlated with poor prognosis. POLR3G can potentially be used as a prognostic marker for TCC and might be of great value in predicting the response to immunotherapy.
Comparative Analysis of Optimum Maintenance Cost for Water Boreholes in South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Ezekafor S. C. , Agunwamba J. C. 
Published: November 2020

Aims: This study considered the optimal maintenance cost of water boreholes for a multiple pumping scenario in South-East Nigeria. The objective of the study was to determine the optimal maintenance cost of water boreholes for the Southeastern region of Nigeria.
Place and Duration of Study: The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from selected community and commercial boreholes in the Abia State, Anambra State, Ebonyi State, Enugu State and Imo State.
Methodology: The linear model and the quadratic model were used to determine the cost parameters for the optimization of the maintenance cost of the water boreholes.
Results: The result of the study showed that the maintenance cost obtained for Anambra State is more adequate than the other states since it recorded a higher coefficient of determination value using the linear and quadratic model. Also, it was found the quadratic model was better than the linear model for the estimation of cost parameters used for determining the optimum maintenance cost of water boreholes in South-East Nigeria. The findings showed that the quadratic model recorded the best net savings for Abia, Anambra, and Enugu with the corresponding cost of ₦4,079,246.817, ₦5,198,716.141, and ₦4,767,680.392 respectively. It was found that the linear model recorded the best net savings for Ebonyi and Imo with the corresponding cost of ₦1,593,013.72 and ₦8,692,452.91 respectively. Hence, the quadratic models was identified as the best model for the estimation of cost parameters and enhance the performance of the optimal total operating cost of the water borehole model in South-East Nigeria.
Conclusion: The study concludes by recommending the quadratic model for the estimation of cost parameters for the optimization of maintenance cost of water boreholes until further studies prove otherwise.
Underdetection of Interstitial Lung Disease in Juvenile Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Foeldvari Ivan , Klotsche Jens , Hinrichs Bernd , Helmus Nicola , Kasapcopur Ozgur , Adrovic Amra , Sztajnbok Flavio , Terreri Maria Teresa , Anton Jordi , Smith Vanessa , Katsicas Maria , Kostik Mikhail , Vasquez‐Canizares Natalia , Avcin Tadej , Feldman Brian , Janarthanan Mahesh , Santos Maria Jose , Sawhney Sujata , Schonenberg‐Meinema Dieneke , Sifuentes‐Giraldo Walter‐Alberto , Alexeeva Ekaterina , Appenzeller Simone , Battagliotti Cristina , Berntson Lillemor , Bica Blanca , Costa‐Reis Patrícia , Eleftheriou Despina , Kallinich Tilmann , Lehman Thomas , Marrani Edoardo , Minden Kirsten , Nielsen Susan , Nuruzzaman Farzana , Patwardhan Anjali , Khubchandani Raju , Stanevicha Valda , Uziel Yosef , Torok Kathryn S. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveUtilizing data obtained from a prospective, international, juvenile systemic sclerosis (SSc) cohort, the present study was undertaken to determine if pulmonary screening with forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) is sufficient to assess the presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in comparison to high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in juvenile SSc.MethodsThe juvenile SSc cohort database was queried for patients enrolled from January 2008 to January 2020 with recorded pulmonary function tests (PFTs) parameters and HRCT to determine the discriminatory properties of PFT parameters, FVC, and DLco in detecting ILD.ResultsEighty‐six juvenile SSc patients had both computed tomography imaging and FVC values for direct comparison. Using findings on HRCT as the standard measure of ILD presence, the sensitivity of FVC in detecting ILD in juvenile SSc was only 40%, the specificity was 77%, and area under the curve (AUC) was 0.58. Fifty‐eight juvenile SSc patients had both CT imaging and DLco values for comparison. The sensitivity of DLco in detecting ILD was 76%, the specificity was 70%, and AUC was 0.73.ConclusionThe performance of PFTs in juvenile SSc to detect underlying ILD was quite limited. Specifically, the FVC, which is one of the main clinical parameters in adult SSc to detect and monitor ILD, would miss ~60% of children who had ILD changes on their accompanying HRCT. The DLco was more sensitive in detecting potential abnormalities on HRCT, but with less specificity than the FVC. These results support the use of HRCT in tandem with PFTs for the screening of ILD in juvenile SSc.
Prediction of dementia of Alzheimer type by different types of subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Jessen Frank , Kleineidam Luca , Wolfsgruber Steffen , Bickel Horst , Brettschneider Christian , Fuchs Angela , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , König Hans‐Helmut , Mallon Tina , Mamone Silke , Pabst Alexander , Pentzek Michael , Roehr Susanne , Weeg Dagmar , Jochen Werle , Weyerer Siegfried , Wiese Birgitt , Maier Wolfgang , Scherer Martin , Riedel‐Heller Steffi , Wagner Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a risk condition for dementia, including dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT).MethodsWe report sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) for conversion to all‐cause dementia, and DAT in different SCD types (decline in memory, assocated worries, longitudinal consitency, of the AgeCoDe study (n = 2.402, 12 years follow‐up).Results82.7% of those converting to any dementia and 84.4% of those converting with DAT at follow‐up, reported memory decline and fulfilled criteria of SCD at least at one time point before. SCD with worries at two consecutive time points showed a specificity of 92.2% for any dementia and also for DAT as well as a PPV of 44.3% for any dementia and of 36.9% for DAT at follow‐up at the expense of low sensitivity.DiscussionDifferent SCD subtypes were either sensitive or specific for future all‐cause dementia and DAT in cognitively unimpaired individuals. Modest PPV of the most specific SCD subtypes were achieved in this low prevalence population.
Acyl Donor Intermediates in N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis: Acyl Azolium or Azolium Enolate?
Authors: Biswas Animesh , Neudörfl Jörg‐M. , Schlörer Nils E. , Berkessel Albrecht 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAzolium enolates and acyl azolium cations have been proposed as intermediates in numerous N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed transformations. Acetyl azolium enolates were generated from the reaction of 2‐propenyl acetate with both saturated (SIPr) and aromatic (IPr) NHCs, isolated, and characterized (NMR, XRD). Protonation with triflic acid gave the corresponding acetyl azolium triflates which were isolated and characterized (NMR, XRD). Acyl azolium cations have been proposed as immediate precursors of the ester product, for example, in the redox esterification of α,β‐enals. Studies with d3‐acetyl azolium triflate suggest that ester formation originates instead from an azolium enolate intermediate. Furthermore, the acetyl azolium enolate selectively reacted with alcohol nucleophiles in the presence of amines. While the acetyl azolium cation did not react with alcohols, an ester‐selective reaction was induced by addition of base, by intermediate formation of the acetyl azolium enolate.
Heterocyclization Reagents for Rapid Assembly of N‐Fused Heteroarenes from Alkenes
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Wang Min , Wu Xinxin , Zhu Chen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractN‐Fused heterocycles are of particular use and upmost importance in multiple fields. Herein, we disclose a conceptually new approach for the rapid assembly of N‐fused heteroarenes from alkenes. A portfolio of strategically designed heterocyclization reagents are readily prepared for the cascade reaction. A plethora of N‐fused heteroarenes including seven types of heterocyclic core are furnished. The protocol features a broad functional‐group compatibility and high product diversity, and provides a practical tool for late‐stage heteroarene elaboration.