bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influencia de la longitud de la biela en la eficiencia y biomecánica del pedaleo submáximo
Authors: Rivero Palomo V. , Ferrer-Roca V. , Ogueta-Alday A. , Rodríguez-Marroyo J.A. , García-López J. 
Published: August 2020

El principal objetivo de este estudio es analizar el efecto de pequeños cambios en la longitud de la biela en el gasto energético y la técnica de pedaleo submáximo. Participaron 12 ciclistas de fondo en carretera bien entrenados, que realizaron pruebas de pedaleo a tres potencias con cadencia estable, utilizando tres longitudes de biela (en orden aleatorio). Sus bicicletas fueron exactamente reproducidas en un ergómetro que medía el torque ejercido sobre la biela izquierda y derecha de forma independiente. Simultáneamente se registró cinemática 2D de la pierna derecha y el gasto energético al pedalear (eficiencia gruesa). Los resultados muestran que los cambios en la longitud de la biela no tuvieron efecto en la eficiencia gruesa, pero sí en las variables biomecánicas. Una biela de mayor longitud provocó una pérdida de eficiencia mecánica y un aumento en la flexión y el rango de movimiento de la cadera y la rodilla, sin cambios en el tobillo. Aunque estos cambios no fueron lo suficientemente importantes para alterar la eficiencia gruesa, sí que podrían tener implicaciones negativas a largo plazo (peor técnica de pedaleo y riesgo de lesión). En conclusión, el efecto de pequeños cambios en la longitud de la biela, que serían asumibles por ciclistas de competición, producen alteraciones en la biomecánica de pedaleo, pero no en su eficiencia gruesa. Futuros estudios deben abordar los efectos a largo plazo de estos cambios.
The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of small changes in crank length on gross efficiency and pedaling technique during submaximal cycling. Twelve well-trained road cyclists participated. They pedaled at three power outputs and steady cadence with three crank lengths (in a randomized order). Their bicycles were exactly reproduced on an ergometer where crank torque of the left and right legs were independently registered. 2D kinematic of the right leg and energy cost (gross efficiency) were recorded. The results showed that changes in crank length had no effect on the gross efficiency, but had effect on the biomechanical variables. A longer crank caused a decreased in mechanical efficiency and an increase in the flexion and range of movement of the hip and the knee, without changes in the ankle. These alterations were not significant enough to alter the gross efficiency, but they could have negative long-term implications (worse pedaling technique and possible injuries). In conclusion, the small changes in crank arm length which are feasible for competitive cyclists affected cycling biomechanics, but not gross efficiency. Future studies should study long-term effects of these changes.
Une naissance excentrique. L’influence de Sterne sur Töpffer, Cham et Doré
Authors: Smolderen Thierry 
Published: August 2020

Si l’on remonte aux sources graphiques de ce que Hoberman a appelé le modernisme vulgaire, l’influence duTristram Shandyde Sterne sur les premiers albums de Cham et Gustave Doré apparaît déterminante à l’âge romantique. Durant les années 1840 et 1850, en effet, ces deux auteurs ont pris le relais des histoires en images de Töpffer en y introduisant des facéties réflexives typiquement sterniennes.Tout en identifiant les facteurs qui ont contribué à inscrire durablement cet esprit de réflexivité ludique dans la tradition de dessin humoristique (jusqu’auxcomicsdu 20e siècle), nous essayerons de comprendre pourquoi l’on ne trouve aucune traceapparentede ce genre de jeux dans les histoires de « l’inventeur de la bande dessinée », alors que Töpffer lui-même était un grand lecteur de Sterne.
Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction in a Patient With Left Bundle Branch Block and Negative Sgarbossa Criteria
Authors: Beaty Bryan , Park David 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Left bundle branch block complicates electrocardiogram interpretation of acute myocardial infarction (MI) because ST segment elevations, commonly used as evidence of MIs, are largely hidden by the repolarization vector. To better diagnose acute MI in cases of left bundle branch block, modified Sgarbossa criteria can be used as a clinical tool to help diagnose or exclude MI with high specificity and sensitivity. However, while clinical tools are often helpful, a clinician cannot solely rely on clinical decision-making algorithms. We describe the case of an 84-year-old man experiencing acute cardiopulmonary symptoms who was negative for modified Sgarbossa criteria, but later had a confirmed diagnosis of MI on transfer to a cardiac center. This case illustrates the necessity of good clinical judgment and a high index of suspicion for atypical presentation alongside any diagnostic algorithm.
Convolutional neural networks to automate the screening of malaria in low-resource countries
Authors: Zhao Oliver S. , Kolluri Nikhil , Anand Anagata , Chu Nicholas , Bhavaraju Ravali , Ojha Aditya , Tiku Sandhya , Nguyen Dat , Chen Ryan , Morales Adriane , Valliappan Deepti , Patel Juhi P. , Nguyen Kevin 
Published: August 2020

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted through mosquito bites. Symptoms include fever, headache, and vomiting, and in severe cases, seizures and coma. The World Health Organization reports that there were 228 million cases and 405,000 deaths in 2018, with Africa representing 93% of total cases and 94% of total deaths. Rapid diagnosis and subsequent treatment are the most effective means to mitigate the progression into serious symptoms. However, many fatal cases have been attributed to poor access to healthcare resources for malaria screenings. In these low-resource settings, the use of light microscopy on a thin blood smear with Giemsa stain is used to examine the severity of infection, requiring tedious and manual counting by a trained technician. To address the malaria endemic in Africa and its coexisting socioeconomic constraints, we propose an automated, mobile phone-based screening process that takes advantage of already existing resources. Through the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), we utilize a SSD multibox object detection architecture that rapidly processes thin blood smears acquired via light microscopy to isolate images of individual red blood cells with 90.4% average precision. Then we implement a FSRCNN model that upscales 32 × 32 low-resolution images to 128 × 128 high-resolution images with a PSNR of 30.2, compared to a baseline PSNR of 24.2 through traditional bicubic interpolation. Lastly, we utilize a modified VGG16 CNN that classifies red blood cells as either infected or uninfected with an accuracy of 96.5% in a balanced class dataset. These sequential models create a streamlined screening platform, giving the healthcare provider the number of malaria-infected red blood cells in a given sample. Our deep learning platform is efficient enough to operate exclusively on low-tier smartphone hardware, eliminating the need for high-speed internet connection.
Seropositivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus among Intending Blood Donors in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Abeni B. A. , Peterside N. Frank- , Agbagwa O. E. , Adewuyi S. A. , Cookey T. I. , Okonko I. O. 
Published: August 2020

Aims: Provision of constant and safe blood has been a public health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa with a high prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs). This study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among prospective blood donors at two Hospitals (government and private-owned) in Rivers State, and also to relate some demographic studies to the screening results.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Two Hospitals (a government-owned and private-owned) in Rivers State, Nigeria, between January 2018 and April 2019.
Methodology: Two hundred and eighty-two (185 males and 97 females) blood donors were recruited for this study. Sera samples were screened for antibodies to HIV-1 and -2 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based kits following the manufacturer’s description.
Results: Of the 282 screened prospective donors (males and females) in this study, the overall prevalence of HIV from both hospitals was 6.0% with a seronegativity of 94.0%. There was a significant relationship (p <0.05) between the overall seroprevalence of HIV concerning gender (p-0.006) all other demographics had no significant association with HIV. Age group 21-30 had the highest prevalence of HIV (53.80%). Donors with tertiary education had the highest prevalence rate (52.90%) of HIV. About marital status, the unmarried donors had higher HIV prevalence (64.70%) when compared with the married donors (35.30%). However, family donors had the highest prevalence of HIV (52.90%). Finally, concerning occupation, students had a higher HIV prevalence (47.10%).
Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HIV in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria was high. This shows that HIV remains a threat to safe blood transfusion and public health in Nigeria. Strict adherence to selection criteria and algorithm of donor screening is hereby advocated.
Phytochemical Screening, Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Root Barks from Acacia macrostachya Reichenb. Ex DC. (Fabaceae)
Authors: Coulibaly Adjaratou C. , Kabre W. L. M. Esther B. , Traore Tata K. , Achatde Constantin , Boly Gilchrist L. , Nebie Mariam T. , Ouedraogo Noufou , Kiendrebeogo Martin , Sawadogo Richard W. 
Published: August 2020

Aims: Acacia macrostachya Reichenb. ex DC. (Fabaceae) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many pathologies including diarrhea, malaria with convulsion and fevers, snake bites, vomiting, nausea, dysenteric syndrome and choleriformis, inflammatory diseases and old wounds. The purpose of this study was to carry out the phytochemical screening, to assess the general acute toxicity, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the dichloromethane extract of A. macrostachya root barks in order to develop new lower-toxic anti-inflammatory drugs.
Place and Duration of Study: The work was carried out in the Department of Traditional Pharmacopoeia and Pharmacy (MEPHATRA / PH) of the Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSS) and LABIOCA from Université Joseph KI-ZERBO in Ouagadougou between March and June 2020.
Methodology: Phytochemical screening was carried out through thin layer chromatography with specific reagents. Acute toxicity assay was carried out according to the "dose adjustment" method from the OECD guideline 423 2001. Analgesic effect was evaluated on the number of abdominal contortions induced by the intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid while the anti-inflammatory activity using the Carrageenan anti-edematous test was determined according to Winter.
Results: Phytochemical profile demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponosides, triterpenes and sterols. At the dose of 200 mg/kg (bw), the extract inhibited acetic acid-induced pain by 67.08% and carragenaan-induced edema by 74.03%. A. macrostachya dichloromethane extract is slightly toxic with LD50 higher than 5000 mg/kg (bw).
Conclusion:The results of this study demonstrated the interest of A. macrostachya in the treatment of inflammatory pathologies and constitute a scientific basis of its traditional uses.
Protective Effects of Aqueous and Hydroethanolic Extracts of Secamone afzelii (Asclepiadaceae) Leaves on Liver Transaminases, Serum Vitamin D and Zinc Levels against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)- Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Serge Koné Djoudori , Goueh Gnahoue , Nazaire Djyh Bernard , Abou Bamba , Félix Yapi Houphouet 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: This study was carried out to evaluate effect of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Secamone afzelii leaves on Liver transaminases, serum vitamin D and Zinc levels in hepatotocixity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats.
Methods: The experiment was performed on 7 groups of 6 rats by the method of Mekky and collaborators. Rats were pre-treated with aqueous, hydroethanolic extracts Secamone afzelii (100 and 200 mg/kg) and Silymarin (SIL) an hepatoprotective reference prior to CCl4. Hepatotoxicity was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Hepatotoxicity implied a significant rise of Liver transaminases (ALT and AST) by hepatocyte alteration rate. The parameters evaluated in the study were alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), vitamin D and Zinc in serum. Vitamin D and Zinc levels in serum were respectively determined by HPLC analysis and Atomic absorption method.
Results: Carbon tetrachloride injection to rats every 2 days showed a significant rise of Liver transaminases (ALT and AST) and a significant lowering of vitamin D and zinc levels in serum compared to normal. However, pre-treatments with aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Secamone afzelii caused a significant decrease of Liver transaminases (ALT and AST) and restored vitamin D and zinc levels in serum of animals (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01) compared to rats treated with CCl4 only (Negative control). Moreover, hydroethanolic extract (200 mg/kg) and Silymarin both reduced very well carbon tetrachloride effects by protecting Liver.
Conclusion: This study reveals that Secamone afzelii leaves extracts (aqueous and hydroethanolic) possess protective properties of the Liver. It also shows a significant association between low serum vitamin D and zinc levels and hepatotoxicity. The most active extract is Hydroethanolic extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg which can be used for preventives purposes.
Photocatalytic Nanowires‐Based Air Filter: Towards Reusable Protective Masks
Authors: Horváth Endre , Rossi Lídia , Mercier Cyprien , Lehmann Caroline , Sienkiewicz Andrzej , Forró László 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the last couple decades, several viral outbreaks resulting in epidemics and pandemics with thousands of human causalities have been witnessed. The current Covid‐19 outbreak represents an unprecedented crisis. In stopping the virus’ spread, it is fundamental to have personal protective equipment and disinfected surfaces. Here, the development of a TiO2 nanowires (TiO2NWs) based filter is reported, which it is believed will work extremely well for personal protective equipment (PPE), as well as for a new generation of air conditioners and air purifiers. Its efficiency relies on the photocatalytic generation of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon UV illumination, and on a particularly high dielectric constant of TiO2, which is of paramount importance for enhanced wettability by the water droplets carrying the germs. The filter pore sizes can be tuned by processing TiO2NWs into filter paper. The kilogram‐scale production capability of TiO2NWs gives credibility to its massive application potentials.
Knock in of a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene induces ALS in rats
Authors: Dong Wei , Zhang Li , Sun Caixian , Gao Xiang , Guan Feifei , Li Jing , Chen Wei , Ma Yuanwu , Zhang Lianfeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe GGGGCC (G4C2) repeat expansion in the human open reading frame 72 on chromosome 9, C9orf72, is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Studies in transgenic mouse models have linked the pathogenic mechanism of G4C2 repeat expansion to RNA foci or the accumulation of unnatural dipeptide repeats in neurons. However, only one of the existing transgenic mouse lines developed typical ALS.MethodsC9orf72 knockin rats were generated by knockin of 80 G4C2 repeats with human flanking fragments within exon1a and exon1b at the rat C9orf72 locus. Protein expression was detected by western blot. Motor coordination and grip force were measured using a Rotarod test and a grip strength test. Neurodegeneration was assessed by Nissl staining with cresyl violet.ResultsC9orf72 haploinsufficiency reduced C9orf72 protein expression 40% in the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cords from knockin rats (P < .05). The knockin (KI) rats developed motor deficits from 4 months of age. Their falling latencies and grip force were decreased by 67% (P < .01) and 44% (P < .01), respectively, at 12 months of age compared to wild‐type (WT) mice. The knockin of the hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) caused a 47% loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord (P < .001) and 25% (5/20) of female KI rats developed hind limb paralysis at 13 to 24 months.ConclusionMotor defects in KI rats may result from neurotoxicity caused by HRE and the resulting reduction in C9orf72 protein due to haploinsufficiency. These KI rats could be a useful model for investigating the contributions of loss‐of‐function to neurotoxicity in C9orf72‐related ALS.
Synthesis of ammonium persulfate microcapsule with a polyaniline shell and its controlled burst release
Authors: Zhang Qifan , Zuo Mingming , Li Guihao , Sha Jianpeng , Zuo Xiaobing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPolymer hydraulic fracturing is important for increasing production during petroleum exploitation. After fracturing, the high‐viscosity polymer should be completely decomposed by gel breakers (ammonium persulfate [APS]) to realize high conductivity in the proppant pack. A new series of polyaniline microcapsules loaded with APS for the preparation of delayed‐release gel breakers were synthesized via in situ polymerization. The silica nanoparticles were doped in polyaniline to control the release of the encapsulated APS. The morphology, shell wall thickness, and elemental composition of the microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and two‐dimensional scanned energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The results revealed that the microcapsules were irregularly spherical with average diameters of about 5–6 μm and had shell thicknesses of 150–300 nm, and the silica nanoparticles had been successfully doped in the polyaniline shell. The microcapsules had a burst release pattern, and their initial release time was precisely controlled by adjusting the concentration and temperature of the sodium hydroxide solution. With increased demands for high performance delayed‐release microcapsules, the prepared polyaniline microcapsules loaded with APS show great potential for practical applications in petroleum exploitation, self‐healing coating, fiber printing, and grease.
A multi‐block NMF model for non‐Gaussian process monitoring based on the adaptive partition non‐negative matrix factorization and Bayesian inference
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Shang , Ling Dan , Yuan Shi‐meng , Gu Xiao‐guang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNon‐negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a novel technique for dimension‐reduction, which can be used to process data of non‐Gaussian and Gaussian efficiently. A global NMF model is inappropriate for the whole process, since it neglects the local information and monitoring results are often hard to be interpreted. On the basis of adaptive partition non‐negative matrix factorization (APNMF) and Bayesian inference, a multi‐block NMF model for non‐Gaussian process monitoring is put forward to detect and isolate the faults effectively. Using APNMF method, the original variables in different fault states can be adaptively divided into multiple sub‐blocks, and on this basis, the NMF monitoring model of each sub‐block is formed. Then, two new statistics are constructed by Bayesian inference to supply an intuitive display. Finally, a weighted reconstruction‐based contribution (RBC) plot method is presented to reduce the smearing effect and find out the main causes of these faults. This method makes full use of the local and global information of process data and improves the effectiveness of process monitoring. The validity and feasibility of the proposed method will be proved by an example of a numerical process, a Tennessee Eastman (TE) benchmark process and a continuous stirred‐tank reactor (CSTR) process.
Prediction of BP neural network and preliminary application for suppression of low‐temperature oxidation of coal stockpiles by pulverized coal covering
Authors: Wan Yongzhou , Wu Jiaxin , Chu Ruizhi , Miao Zhenyong , Fan Lulu , Bai Lei , Meng Xianliang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe have developed a new method to suppress spontaneous combustion of coal piles by covering the surface of coal piles with pulverized coal. Experimental studies of three type of coal samples from China (YJL, CYW, and SW) with particle size ratio of 10:1 were performed to investigate the low‐temperature oxidation of coal pillars. In this work, we have also demonstrated that the distributions of oxygen concentration, the temperature field, as well as the spontaneous combustion of three typical Chinese coal samples can be predicted accurately using back‐propagation neural network (BPNN) by MATLAB. Pearson correlation analysis showed that temperature and oxygen concentration highly depend on the ratio of pulverized coal thickness to coal piles thickness, activation energy, void ratio, wind speed, and low‐temperature oxidation time. Three‐layer BPNN models with five input factors were developed to predict the low‐temperature oxidation process under pulverized coal. The prediction data of BPNN are fitting better with our experimental data, which confirms that BPNN modelling can accurately predict the low temperature oxidation process of coal.
Palmar‐plantar erythrodysesthesia associated with high‐dose methotrexate: Case report
Authors: Chauhan Priyanka , Gupta Anshul , Kumar Sujeet , Bishnu Arijit , Nityanand Soniya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPalmar‐plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) is a common adverse event seen with many chemotherapeutic agents as well as targeted therapies which is very debilitating for the patient. To the best of our knowledge there are only a few cases of PPE reported with methotrexate infusion to date.Case and ConclusionWe report a case of Burkitt Lymphoma, who developed severe PPE with methotrexate infusion and responded very well with conservative management and dose reduction in subsequent cycles.
Microbiomes of colored dental biofilms in children with or without severe caries experience
Authors: Nagai Nobuko , Homma Hiromi , Sakurai Atsuo , Takahashi Naoko , Shintani Seikou 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundBiofilm coloration can compromise maturation and increase the risk of oral disease in adulthood, though children with colored biofilm do not always demonstrate a poor oral health status.AimThe microbial compositions of colored and white biofilms in children were compared.DesignThirty‐two dental biofilm samples from 16 children (age < 13 years) were analyzed using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, then the subjects were divided into severe caries and healthy (caries‐free) groups. Correlations between microbiomes and oral health status were also examined.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis revealed no distinctly different patterns between colored and white biofilms. In the severe caries group, genus Actinomyces, Cardiobacterium, Kingella, Lautropia, and Veillonella, and family Neisseriaceae were detected, though abundance was significantly different between colored and white biofilm specimens, in contrast to the healthy group. In addition, five colored biofilm samples from the severe caries group contained greater than 15% Actinomyces, which led us to consider that genus to be possibly associated with formation of colored biofilm in children.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that differences in bacterial composition between colored and white biofilms are higher in individuals with severe caries. Additional research may reveal the significance of colored dental biofilm in children.