bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐templated Constructing of Heterophase Junction into Hierarchical Porous Structure of Semiconductors for Promoting Photogenerated Charge Separation
Authors: Zhang Xun , Li Chun , Liang Junmei , Wang Jiangfei , Zhang Jing , Chen Xuebing , Wang Fangfang , Li Rengui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is well‐known that photogenerated charge separation is the key and bottleneck step to determine the solar energy efficiency in photocatalysis. Although strategies for facilitating spatial charge separation of semiconductor‐based photocatalysts like heterojunctions, especially for heterophase junctions have been recognized as useful and adequate approaches, the original morphology‐tailored structures are always challenging to be maintained during the thermal‐induced phase transformation process. Herein, using a facile self‐templated method, we successfully fabricate heterophase junction into the well‐defined hierarchical porous structure of visible‐light‐responsive semiconductor, bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), without destroying the its unique hierarchical porous morphology. Such organic integration of heterophase junction and hierarchical porous structure are demonstrated to enable highly efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, resulting in a remarkable enhancement in photocatalytic activities. Our work showcases a general concept for developing artificial photocatalyst systems via integrating efficient charge separation path into the unique morphology‐tailoring of semiconductors for highly efficient solar energy conversion.
Photo‐Assisted Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2: A New Strategy for Reducing Catalytic Overpotentials
Authors: Taylor James O. , Wang Yibo , Hartl František 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElectrochemical and photochemical reduction of CO2 are both well‐established, independent catalytic routes toward producing added‐value chemicals. The potential for any cross‐reactivity has, however, hardly been explored so far. In this report, we assess a system primarily using spectroelectrochemical monitoring, where photochemistry assists the cathodic activation of precursor complexes fac‐[Mn(CO)3(2,2′‐bipyridine)Br] and [Mo(CO)4(6,6′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)] to lower the catalytic overpotential needed to trigger the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO. Following the complete initial 1e− reduction of the parent complexes, the key photochemical cleavage of the Mn−Mn and Mo−CO bonds in the reduction products, [Mn(CO)3(2,2′‐bipyridine)]2 and [Mo(CO)4(6,6′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)].−, respectively, generates the 2e−‐reduced, 5‐coordinate catalysts, [Mn(CO)3(2,2′‐bipyridine)]− and [Mo(CO)3(6,6′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)]2− appreciably closer to the initial cathodic wave R1. Experiments under CO2 confirm the activity of both electrocatalysts under the photoirradiation with 405 nm and 365 nm light, respectively. This remarkable achievement corresponds to a ca. 500 mV positive shift of the catalytic onset compared to the exclusive standard electrocatalytic activation.
Hydrogen Spillover in the Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis on Carbon‐supported Cobalt Catalysts
Authors: Ghogia Amel C. , Cayez Simon , Machado Bruno F. , Nzihou Ange , Serp Philippe , Soulantica Katerina , Pham Minh Doan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Fischer‐Tropsch reaction transforms syngas into high added value products, among which liquid fuels. Numerous parameters determine catalytic activity and selectivity towards the most desired hydrocarbons. The performances of cobalt‐based catalysts used in the reaction are known to depend critically on Co particle size and crystallographic phase. Here, we present a comparative study of Co‐based catalysts supported on three carbon supports: multi‐wall carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and a fibrous material. Our results show that, while the selectivity towards C5+ follows the expected tendency with respect to Co particle size, this is not the case for the TOF. These results can be rationalized considering that the amount of H2 uptake on each catalyst increases with oxygen and defect concentration on the support. The catalyst on the support presenting many edges and oxygen surface groups, necessary for H2 spillover, presents the highest activity. Furthermore, the hydrogen spillover contributes to the enhancement of olefin hydrogenation and methane production.
An experimental investigation of bond strength of AFRP bars with self‐consolidating concrete
Authors: Chinaka Emmanuel , Shokouhian Mehdi , Head Monique , Efe Steve 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis investigation aims to study the effect of varying superplasticizer dosage and water‐to‐cement ratio (w/c) on the bond strength between aramid fiber reinforced polymers (AFRPs) bar and self‐consolidating concrete (SCC). A total of 15 compression tests and 36 pullout tests are conducted on AFRP and steel bars within five different groups of concrete mixtures. Results show a significant effect of superplasticizer and water‐to‐cement ratio on the bond strength of AFRP bars embedded within SCC. The bond‐slip behavior between the AFRP bars and SCC was quantified and is presented in this research.
Catalyst Development for the Synthesis of Ozonides and Tetraoxanes Under Heterogeneous Conditions: Disclosure of an Unprecedented Class of Fungicides for Agricultural Application
Authors: Yaremenko Ivan A. , Radulov Peter S. , Belyakova Yulia Y. , Demina Arina A. , Fomenkov Dmitriy I. , Barsukov Denis V. , Subbotina Irina R. , Fleury Fabrice , Terent'ev Alexander O. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe catalyst H3+xPMo12−x+6Mox+5O40 supported on SiO2 was developed for peroxidation of 1,3‐ and 1,5‐diketones with hydrogen peroxide with the formation of bridged 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes and bridged 1,2,4‐trioxolanes (ozonides) with high yield based on isolated products (up to 86 and 90 %, respectively) under heterogeneous conditions. Synthesis of peroxides under heterogeneous conditions is a rare process and represents a challenge for this field of chemistry, because peroxides tend to decompose on the surface of a catalyst . A new class of antifungal agents for crop protection, that is, cyclic peroxides: bridged 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes and bridged ozonides, was discovered. Some ozonides and tetraoxanes exhibit a very high antifungal activity and are superior to commercial fungicides, such as Triadimefon and Kresoxim‐methyl. It is important to note that none of the fungicides used in agricultural chemistry contains a peroxide fragment.
One‐Pot Fabrication of Pd Nanoparticles@Covalent‐Organic‐Framework‐Derived Hollow Polyamine Spheres as a Synergistic Catalyst for Tandem Catalysis
Authors: Yang Xinyi , He Yajun , Li Liuyi , Shen Jinni , Huang Jianhui , Li Lingyun , Zhuang Zanyong , Bi Jinhong , Yu Yan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFacile fabrication of nanocatalysts consisting of metal nanoparticles (NPs) anchored on a functional support is highly desirable, yet remains challenging. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide an emerging materials platform for structural control and functional design. Here, a facile one‐pot in situ reduction approach is demonstrated for the encapsulation of small Pd NPs into the shell of COF‐derived hollow polyamine spheres (Pd@H‐PPA). In the one‐pot synthetic process, the nucleation and growth of Pd NPs in the cavities of the porous shell take place simultaneously with the reduction of imine linkages to secondary amine groups. Pd@H‐PPA shows a significantly enhanced catalytic activity and recyclability in the tandem dehydrogenation of ammonia borane and selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes through an adsorption–activation–reaction mechanism. The strong interactions of the secondary amine linkage with borane and nitroarene molecules afford a positive synergy to promote the catalytic reaction. Moreover, the hierarchical structure of Pd@H‐PPA allows the accessibility of active Pd NPs to reactants.
Carbon Chain Length Modulates MDA‐MB‐231 Breast Cancer Cell Killing Mechanisms by Mitochondrially Targeted Aryl−Urea Fatty Acids
Authors: Murray Michael , Roseblade Ariane , Chen Yongjuan , Bourget Kirsi , Rawling Tristan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTargeting the tumor cell mitochondrion could produce novel anticancer agents. We designed an aryl−urea fatty acid (1 g; 16({[4‐chloro‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)hexadecanoic acid) that disrupted the mitochondrion and decreased MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell viability. To optimize the aryl−ureas the present study evaluated mitochondrial targeting by 1 g analogues containing alkyl chains between 10–17 carbons. Using the dye JC‐1, the C12−C17 analogues efficiently disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential (IC50s 3.5±1.2 to 7.6±1.1 μM) and impaired ATP production; shorter analogues were less active. 7‐Aminoactinomycin D/annexin V staining and flow cytometry showed that these agents activated the killing mechanisms of necrosis and apoptosis to varying extents (7‐aminoactinomycin D/annexin V staining ratios 4.3–6.0). Indeed, 1 g and its C17 analogue preferentially activated necrosis and apoptosis, respectively (ratios 2.1 and 16). Taken together, alkyl chain length is a determinant of mitochondrial targeting by aryl−ureas and can be varied to develop analogues that activate apoptosis or necrosis in a regulated fashion.
Framework Effects on Activation and Functionalisation of Methane in Zinc‐Exchanged Zeolites
Authors: Shah Meera A. , Raynes Samuel , Apperley David C. , Taylor Russell A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe first selective oxidation of methane to methanol is reported herein for zinc‐exchanged MOR (Zn/MOR). Under identical conditions, Zn/FER and Zn/ZSM‐5 both form zinc formate and methanol. Selective methane activation to form [Zn‐CH3]+ species was confirmed by 13C MAS NMR spectroscopy for all three frameworks. The percentage of active zinc sites, measured through quantitative NMR spectroscopy studies, varied with the zeolite framework and was found to be ZSM‐5 (5.7 %), MOR (1.2 %) and FER (0.5 %). For Zn/MOR, two signals were observed in the 13C MAS NMR spectrum, resulting from two distinct [Zn‐CH3]+ species present in the 12 MR and 8 MR side pockets, as supported by additional NMR experiments. The observed products of oxidation of the [Zn‐CH3]+ species are shown to depend on the zeolite framework type and the oxidative conditions used. These results lay the foundation for developing structure–function correlations for methane conversion over zinc‐exchanged zeolites.
Securing Wireless Sensor Networks Against Denial‐of‐Sleep Attacks Using RSA Cryptography Algorithm and Interlock Protocol
Authors: Fotohi Reza , Firoozi Bari Somayyeh , Yusefi Mehdi 
Published: November 2019

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been vastly employed in the collection and transmission of data via wireless networks. This type of network is nowadays used in many applications for surveillance activities in various environments due to its low cost and easy communications. In these networks, the sensors use a limited power source which after its depletion, since it is non‐renewable, network lifetime ends. Due to the weaknesses in sensor nodes, they are vulnerable to many threats. One notable attack threating WSN is Denial of Sleep (DoS). DoS attacks denotes the loss of energy in these sensors by keeping the nodes from going into sleep and energy‐saving mode. In this paper, the Abnormal Sensor Detection Accuracy (ASDA‐RSA) method is utilized to counteract DoS attacks to reducing the amount of energy consumed. The ASDA‐RSA schema in this paper consists of two phases to enhancement security in the WSNs. In the first phase, a clustering approach based on energy and distance is used to select the proper cluster head and in the second phase, the RSA cryptography algorithm and interlock protocol are used here along with an authentication method, to prevent DoS attacks. Moreover, ASDA‐RSA method is evaluated here via extensive simulations carried out in NS‐2. The simulation results indicate that the WSN network performance metrics are improved in terms of average throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), network lifetime, detection ratio, and average residual energy.
Pancreatic lymphoma: A cytologic diagnosis challenge
Authors: Savari Omid , Al‐Duwal Zaynab , Wang Zijian , Ganesan Santhi , Danan‐Rayes Rania , Ayub Salman 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVery rarely lymphoma primarily or secondarily involves the pancreas. Involvement of the pancreatic parenchyma with lymphoma clinically may mimic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and other mass‐forming pancreatic lesions. Endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) is the first step in the diagnostic pathway of managing these patients by providing a cytology specimen. Cytologically, lymphoma of pancreas can be misdiagnosed for a wide variety of pancreatic neoplastic and non‐neoplastic lesions. Cytological differential diagnosis includes well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, and autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastroenterologist's skills in providing adequate sample for preparing smears, cell blocks and/or performing flow cytometry, and also cytopathologist's skills in detecting atypical lymphocytic population are crucial factors. Although cytology examination has limitations to subclassify lymphoma, it plays a key role to redirect clinicians into the right patient‐care pathway. In this article, we present two cases of pancreatic lymphoma with emphasis on the discriminating cytomorphological features, and we also review literatures with reports of primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) to better understand the characteristics of this rare lesion.
Avian ecological succession in the Amazon: A long‐term case study following experimental deforestation
Authors: Rutt Cameron L. , Jirinec Vitek , Cohn‐Haft Mario , Laurance William F. , Stouffer Philip C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Approximately 20% of the Brazilian Amazon has now been deforested, and the Amazon is currently experiencing the highest rates of deforestation in a decade, leading to large‐scale land‐use changes. Roads have consistently been implicated as drivers of ongoing Amazon deforestation and may act as corridors to facilitate species invasions. Long‐term data, however, are necessary to determine how ecological succession alters avian communities following deforestation and whether established roads lead to a constant influx of new species.

We used data across nearly 40 years from a large‐scale deforestation experiment in the central Amazon to examine the avian colonization process in a spatial and temporal framework, considering the role that roads may play in facilitating colonization.

Since 1979, 139 species that are not part of the original forest avifauna have been recorded, including more secondary forest species than expected based on the regional species pool. Among the 35 species considered to have colonized and become established, a disproportionate number were secondary forest birds (63%), almost all of which first appeared during the 1980s. These new residents comprise about 13% of the current community of permanent residents.

Widespread generalists associated with secondary forest colonized quickly following deforestation, with few new species added after the first decade, despite a stable road connection. Few species associated with riverine forest or specialized habitats colonized, despite road connection to their preferred source habitat. Colonizing species remained restricted to anthropogenic habitats and did not infiltrate old‐growth forests nor displace forest birds.

Deforestation and expansion of road networks into terra firme rainforest will continue to create degraded anthropogenic habitat. Even so, the initial pulse of colonization by nonprimary forest bird species was not the beginning of a protracted series of invasions in this study, and the process appears to be reversible by forest succession.
Enhancing Lipid Oxidative Stability of Cooked‐Chilled Lamb Meat through Dietary Rosemary Diterpenes
Authors: Ortuño Jordi , Inchingolo Raffaella , Delgado Paola , Cardenia Vladimiro , Rodriguez‐Estrada María Teresa , Jordán María José , Bañon Sancho 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA dietary rosemary extract (DRE) containing carnosic acid and carnosol at 1:1 (w/w) for enhancing the lipid oxidative stability in cooked‐chilled lamb meat, is evaluated. Three diets for fattening lambs are tested: i) a cereal‐based concentrate (C‐diet); ii) the C‐diet plus 600 mg vitamin E per kg feed (E‐diet); and iii) the C‐diet plus 600 mg rosemary diterpenes per kg feed (R‐diet). Griddled‐chilled lamb patties are kept at 4 °C and lighting for 2 days, simulating catering conditions. Diterpenes have a lower deposition rate than vitamin E in lamb muscle and are completely degraded during cooking. DRE is thus less effective than dietary vitamin E in enhancing the oxidative stability of the patties. After 2‐day storage, the R‐diet shows lower (p < 0.01) peroxide values and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances than the C‐diet, while, in contrast to the E‐diet, it does not inhibit (p > 0.05) the formation of cholesterol oxidation products. The R‐diet increases (p < 0.05) the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreases (p < 0.05) the n‐6/n‐3 ratio. These findings suggest antioxidant protection by dietary bioactive compounds beyond the direct radical scavenging activity that is able to stabilize lipids during the meat shelf‐life.Practical Applications: Cooked‐chilled meat lipids strongly oxidize in ready‐to‐eat dishes kept in retailing conditions, which may negatively affect their levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), cholesterol oxidation products (COP), and other lipid oxidation products. Dietary rosemary diterpenes can be used as a clean alternative to feed additives to enhance the oxidative stability of cooked‐chilled meat. Improved health and antioxidant status of the animal might be able to reduce oxidative spoilage during meat shelf‐life. Diterpenes provide lesser antioxidant protection than dietary vitamin E but may improve the PUFA content, with positive implications for the nutritional quality of lamb fat. The use of dietary antioxidants with different properties may contribute to improving the efficacy of animal feeds to improve meat quality.
A renal cell carcinoma with EWSR1‐TFE3 fusion gene
Authors: Lang Xing‐Ping , Pan Jian , Yang Chun‐Xiao , Chen Ping , Shi Chang‐Chun , Hong Yang , Wang Jian , Xiao Sheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBoth EWSR1 and TFE3 are well‐known oncogenes. EWSR1 encodes an RNA‐binding protein involved in multiple soft tissue tumors, including Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, soft tissue clear cell sarcoma (malignant melanoma of soft parts), extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, and myxoid liposarcomas. TFE3 regulates both Golgi and lysosomal homeostasis and is rearranged in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), alveolar soft part sarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and perivascular epitheloid cell tumors (PEComas). In this report, we found a rare case of RCC with a fusion between 5′ EWSR1 and 3′ TFE3. The fusion product retained most functional motifs of TFE3. The oncogenic mechanism likely involves TFE3 overexpression through its juxtaposition with the regulatory elements of EWSR1 and its translocation to the nucleus, resulting in the deregulation of Golgi and lysosomal homeostasis. This is a second case of RCC containing EWSR1‐TFE3 fusion.
Work engagement and burnout: Testing the theoretical continuums of identification and energy
Authors: Nimon Kim , Shuck Brad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing meta‐analytic correlations from Cole et al. (2012), we conducted secondary data analysis to further explore the empirical overlap between measures of work engagement (Utretch Work Engagement Scale) and burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory). We found that the dimensions of work engagement and burnout did not align with previously positioned theoretical continuums. In addition to finding a negative association between the aspects of dedication and inefficacy, we found that aspects of vigor and absorption were positively related to cynicism and exhaustion, respectively. We also found that very little of the shared variance between the measures of work engagement and burnout were the result of semantic equivalence between item sets.
Effectiveness of an oral versus sublingual loading dose of nifedipine for tocolysis
Authors: Leal‐Júnior Carlos C. , Amorim Melania M.R. , Souza Gustavo F.A. , Lima Anna K.S. , Souza Alex S.R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of an oral versus sublingual loading dose of nifedipine for tocolysis.MethodsAn open, randomized clinical trial conducted between March 1, 2013, and April 31, 2014. Participants were pregnant women with a diagnosis of premature labor, single live fetus, topical pregnancy, gestational age 24–36 weeks, normal fetal vitality, cervical dilatation less than or equal to 4 cm, cervical effacement less than or equal to 80%, and intact amniotic membranes. They were randomized into two groups, oral and sublingual nifedipine, 20 mg loading dose, repeated every 30 minutes (maximum dose of 60 mg). The primary endpoint was the time until tocolysis and the secondary endpoints were the effectiveness of tocolysis within 90 minutes, 12 hours, and 48 hours; premature delivery within 48 hours; and maternal hemodynamic parameters and side effects.ResultsThere were 80 patients randomized to oral (n=40) and sublingual (n=40) nifedipine. The time required for tocolysis was significantly less with sublingual nifedipine (160 minutes vs 340 minutes; P=0.0003). Sublingual nifedipine was also more successful than oral nifedipine at inhibiting premature labor within 90 minutes (n=8 [20.0%] vs n=1 [2.5%], P=0.014). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for the other secondary endpoints.ConclusionCompared with oral administration, a sublingual loading dose of nifedipine resulted in faster tocolysis in patients with premature labor.Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC): U1111‐11566186.
Designing laser‐modified surface structures on titanium alloy custom medical implants using a hybrid manufacturing technology
Authors: Komorowski Piotr , Sokołowska Paulina , Siatkowska Małgorzata , Elgalal Marcin , Rosowski Marcin , Makowski Krzysztof , Lipińska Lidia , Leszczewicz Martyna , Styczyński Andrzej , Fogel Kasper , Walkowiak Bogdan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe hybrid technology combines an efficient material‐removal process and implant surface treatment by the laser reducing time of manufacture process compared to currently used machining technologies. It also permits precise structuring of the implant material surface. Six structures of the Ti6Al4V ELI surface were designed and studied how the structure topography prepared with the hybrid technology affected the Escherichia coli adhesion to the surface and viability, as well as the growth, adhesion, and viability of human osteogenic Saos‐2 cells cultured on the investigated surfaces. Results have confirmed that the microtopography of medical titanium alloy plays a beneficial role in bacterial adhesion and viability (number of bacteria found on reference surface: [5.9 ± 0.44] × 106 CFU/ml, sample no. 3: [8.8 ± 0.93] × 104 CFU/ml, and sample no. 5: [1.2 ± 0.23] × 107 CFU/ml; CFU ‐ Colony Forming Unit). All tested structured surfaces enabled good cell attachment and proliferation of Saos‐2 cells (viability of Saos‐2 cells [% of control] for reference surface: 81.93%; sample no. 3: 75% and sample no. 5: 100%). Transcriptome analysis of genes commonly expressed in the process of osseointegration demonstrated that the use of hybrid technology allows designing structures that enhance osseointegration but it should be coupled with other methods of preventing bacterial growth, or with a different strategy to limit microbial colonization with the satisfactory osseointegration potential.