bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concerted localization-resets precede YAP-dependent transcription
Authors: Franklin J. Matthew , Ghosh Rajarshi P. , Shi Quanming , Reddick Michael P. , Liphardt Jan T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractYes-associated protein 1 (YAP) is a transcriptional regulator with critical roles in mechanotransduction, organ size control, and regeneration. Here, using advanced tools for real-time visualization of native YAP and target gene transcription dynamics, we show that a cycle of fast exodus of nuclear YAP to the cytoplasm followed by fast reentry to the nucleus (“localization-resets”) activates YAP target genes. These “resets” are induced by calcium signaling, modulation of actomyosin contractility, or mitosis. Using nascent-transcription reporter knock-ins of YAP target genes, we show a strict association between these resets and downstream transcription. Oncogenically-transformed cell lines lack localization-resets and instead show dramatically elevated rates of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of YAP, suggesting an escape from compartmentalization-based control. The single-cell localization and transcription traces suggest that YAP activity is not a simple linear function of nuclear enrichment and point to a model of transcriptional activation based on nucleocytoplasmic exchange properties of YAP.
Tailoring π-conjugation and vibrational modes to steer on-surface synthesis of pentalene-bridged ladder polymers
Authors: de la Torre Bruno , Matěj Adam , Sánchez-Grande Ana , Cirera Borja , Mallada Benjamin , Rodríguez-Sánchez Eider , Santos José , Mendieta-Moreno Jesús I. , Edalatmanesh Shayan , Lauwaet Koen , Otyepka Michal , Medveď Miroslav , Buendía Álvaro , Miranda Rodolfo , Martín Nazario , Jelínek Pavel , Écija David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of synthetic strategies to engineer π-conjugated polymers is of paramount importance in modern chemistry and materials science. Here we introduce a synthetic protocol based on the search for specific vibrational modes through an appropriate tailoring of the π-conjugation of the precursors, in order to increase the attempt frequency of a chemical reaction. First, we design a 1D π-conjugated polymer on Au(111), which is based on bisanthene monomers linked by cumulene bridges that tune specific vibrational modes. In a second step, upon further annealing, such vibrational modes steer the twofold cyclization reaction between adjacent bisanthene moieties, which gives rise to a long pentalene-bridged conjugated ladder polymer featuring a low bandgap. In addition, high resolution atomic force microscopy allows us to identify by atomistic insights the resonance form of the polymer, thus confirming the validity of the Glidewell and Lloyd´s rules for aromaticity. This on-surface synthetic strategy may stimulate exploiting previously precluded reactions towards π-conjugated polymers with specific structures and properties.
High-speed III-V nanowire photodetector monolithically integrated on Si
Authors: Mauthe Svenja , Baumgartner Yannick , Sousa Marilyne , Ding Qian , Rossell Marta D. , Schenk Andreas , Czornomaz Lukas , Moselund Kirsten E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDirect epitaxial growth of III-Vs on silicon for optical emitters and detectors is an elusive goal. Nanowires enable the local integration of high-quality III-V material, but advanced devices are hampered by their high-aspect ratio vertical geometry. Here, we demonstrate the in-plane monolithic integration of an InGaAs nanostructure p-i-n photodetector on Si. Using free space coupling, photodetectors demonstrate a spectral response from 1200-1700 nm. The 60 nm thin devices, with footprints as low as ~0.06 μm2, provide an ultra-low capacitance which is key for high-speed operation. We demonstrate high-speed optical data reception with a nanostructure photodetector at 32 Gb s−1, enabled by a 3 dB bandwidth exceeding ~25 GHz. When operated as light emitting diode, the p-i-n devices emit around 1600 nm, paving the way for future fully integrated optical links.
Autoreservoir computing for multistep ahead prediction based on the spatiotemporal information transformation
Authors: Chen Pei , Liu Rui , Aihara Kazuyuki , Chen Luonan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe develop an auto-reservoir computing framework, Auto-Reservoir Neural Network (ARNN), to efficiently and accurately make multi-step-ahead predictions based on a short-term high-dimensional time series. Different from traditional reservoir computing whose reservoir is an external dynamical system irrelevant to the target system, ARNN directly transforms the observed high-dimensional dynamics as its reservoir, which maps the high-dimensional/spatial data to the future temporal values of a target variable based on our spatiotemporal information (STI) transformation. Thus, the multi-step prediction of the target variable is achieved in an accurate and computationally efficient manner. ARNN is successfully applied to both representative models and real-world datasets, all of which show satisfactory performance in the multi-step-ahead prediction, even when the data are perturbed by noise and when the system is time-varying. Actually, such ARNN transformation equivalently expands the sample size and thus has great potential in practical applications in artificial intelligence and machine learning.
Assessment of lithium criticality in the global energy transition and addressing policy gaps in transportation
Authors: Greim Peter , Solomon A. A. , Breyer Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe forthcoming global energy transition requires a shift to new and renewable technologies, which increase the demand for related materials. This study investigates the long-term availability of lithium (Li) in the event of significant demand growth of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries for supplying the power and transport sectors with very-high shares of renewable energy. A comprehensive assessment that uses 18 scenarios, created by combining 8 demand related variations with 4 supply conditions, were performed. Here this study shows that Li is critical to achieve a sustainable energy transition. The achievement of a balanced Li supply and demand throughout this century depends on the presence of well-established recycling systems, achievement of vehicle-to-grid integration, and realisation of transportation services with lower Li intensity. As a result, it is very important to achieve a concerted global effort to enforce a mix of policy goals identified in this study.
Allosteric coupling between α-rings of the 20S proteasome
Authors: Yu Zanlin , Yu Yadong , Wang Feng , Myasnikov Alexander G. , Coffino Philip , Cheng Yifan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProteasomal machinery performs essential regulated protein degradation in eukaryotes. Classic proteasomes are symmetric, with a regulatory ATPase docked at each end of the cylindrical 20S. Asymmetric complexes are also present in cells, either with a single ATPase or with an ATPase and non-ATPase at two opposite ends. The mechanism that populates these different proteasomal complexes is unknown. Using archaea homologs, we construct asymmetric forms of proteasomes. We demonstrate that the gate conformation of the two opposite ends of 20S are coupled: binding one ATPase opens a gate locally, and also opens the opposite gate allosterically. Such allosteric coupling leads to cooperative binding of proteasomal ATPases to 20S and promotes formation of proteasomes symmetrically configured with two identical ATPases. It may also promote formation of asymmetric complexes with an ATPase and a non-ATPase at opposite ends. We propose that in eukaryotes a similar mechanism regulates the composition of the proteasomal population.
Hippocampal hub neurons maintain distinct connectivity throughout their lifetime
Authors: Bocchio Marco , Gouny Claire , Angulo-Garcia David , Toulat Tom , Tressard Thomas , Quiroli Eleonora , Baude Agnès , Cossart Rosa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe temporal embryonic origins of cortical GABA neurons are critical for their specialization. In the neonatal hippocampus, GABA cells born the earliest (ebGABAs) operate as ‘hubs’ by orchestrating population synchrony. However, their adult fate remains largely unknown. To fill this gap, we have examined CA1 ebGABAs using a combination of electrophysiology, neurochemical analysis, optogenetic connectivity mapping as well as ex vivo and in vivo calcium imaging. We show that CA1 ebGABAs not only operate as hubs during development, but also maintain distinct morpho-physiological and connectivity profiles, including a bias for long-range targets and local excitatory inputs. In vivo, ebGABAs are activated during locomotion, correlate with CA1 cell assemblies and display high functional connectivity. Hence, ebGABAs are specified from birth to ensure unique functions throughout their lifetime. In the adult brain, this may take the form of a long-range hub role through the coordination of cell assemblies across distant regions.
Preclinical optimization of an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli adjuvanted subunit vaccine using response surface design of experiments
Authors: Poncet David , Hessler Catherine , Liang Hong , Gautheron Sylviane , Sergent Michelle , Rintala Nicholas D. , Seydoux Emilie , Huang Po-Wei D. , Argilla David , Ruiz Sophie , Heinrichs Jon , Maciel Milton , Orr Mark T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea. ETEC colonizes the intestine through fimbrial tip adhesin colonization factors and produces heat-stable and/or heat-labile (LT) toxins, stimulating fluid and electrolyte release leading to watery diarrhoea. We reported that a vaccine containing recombinant colonization factor antigen (CfaEB) targeting fimbrial tip adhesin of the colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) and an attenuated LT toxoid (dmLT) elicited mucosal and systemic immune responses against both targets. Additionally, the toll-like receptor 4 ligand second-generation lipid adjuvant (TLR4-SLA) induced a potent mucosal response, dependent on adjuvant formulation. However, a combination of vaccine components at their respective individual optimal doses may not achieve the optimal immune profile. We studied a subunit ETEC vaccine prototype in mice using a response surface design of experiments (DoE), consisting of 64 vaccine dose-combinations of CfaEB, dmLT and SLA in four formulations (aqueous, aluminium oxyhydroxide, squalene-in-water stable nanoemulsion [SE] or liposomes containing the saponin Quillaja saponaria-21 [LSQ]). Nine readouts focusing on antibody functionality and plasma cell response were selected to profile the immune response of parenterally administered ETEC vaccine prototype. The data were integrated in a model to identify the optimal dosage of each vaccine component and best formulation. Compared to maximal doses used in mouse models (10 µg CfaEB, 1 µg dmLT and 5 µg SLA), a reduction in the vaccine components up to 37%, 60% and 88% for CfaEB, dmLT and SLA, respectively, maintained or even maximized immune responses, with SE and LSQ the best formulations. The DoE approach can help determine the best vaccine composition with a limited number of experiments and may accelerate development of multi-antigen/component ETEC vaccines.
Expanding the role of bacterial vaccines into life-course vaccination strategies and prevention of antimicrobial-resistant infections
Authors: Poolman Jan T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA crisis in bacterial infections looms as ageing populations, increasing rates of bacteraemia and healthcare-associated infections converge with increasing antimicrobial resistance and a paucity of new antimicrobial classes. New initiatives are needed to develop bacterial vaccines for older adults in whom immune senescence plays a critical role. Novel vaccines require an expanded repertoire to prevent mucosal diseases such as pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections that are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, and key drivers of antimicrobial resistance. This review considers the challenges inherent to the prevention of bacterial diseases, particularly mucosal infections caused by major priority bacterial pathogens against which current vaccines are sub-optimal. It has become clear that prevention of many lung, urinary tract and skin infections requires more than circulating antibodies. Induction of Th1/Th17 cellular responses with tissue-resident memory (Trm) cells homing to mucosal tissues may be a pre-requisite for success.
Phenolic content, chemical composition and anti-/pro-oxidant activity of Gold Milenium and Papierowka apple peel extracts
Authors: Kalinowska Monika , Gryko Kamila , Wróblewska Anna M. , Jabłońska-Trypuć Agata , Karpowicz Danuta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study the peels of ecologically grown apple (Malus domestica) cultivars: Gold Milenium (a new scab‐resistant variety) and Papierowka (Papirovka; an old, sensitive to apple scab variety) were examined for their composition (phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, simple organic acids, macro-, microelements, reducing sugars,l-ascorbic acid), pro- and antioxidant properties as well as their application in reduction of the oxidative stress in cultured human skin fibroblast. The higher content of phenolic compounds correlated with the greater pro- and antioxidant activity of the peels of Papierowka compared to Gold Milenium in DPPH·, ABTS+, FRAP and CUPRAC assays as well as an ability to inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The quantity of the compounds strongly depended on the type of extraction. The extract of Papierowka peels possessed much higher amount of phenolic compounds compared to Gold Milenium (Papierowka: 3.68 ± 0.20 mg/g peel ultrasound assisted extraction (u.a.e); 2.02 ± 0.13 mg/g peel conventional extraction (c.e.); Gold Milenium: 1.46 ± 0.19 mg/g peel u.a.e; 1.15 ± 0.04 mg/g peel c.e. according the HPLC measurement). The pro-oxidant activity of the extract from Papierowka peels can be correlated with the content of phenolic compounds and metal ions as well. The apple peel extract is promising agent reducing the oxidative stress in skin fibroblast.
A 2,000-year Bayesian NAO reconstruction from the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Hernández Armand , Sánchez-López Guiomar , Pla-Rabes Sergi , Comas-Bru Laia , Parnell Andrew , Cahill Niamh , Geyer Adelina , Trigo Ricardo M. , Giralt Santiago 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the major atmospheric mode that controls winter European climate variability because its strength and phase determine regional temperature, precipitation and storm tracks. The NAO spatial structure and associated climatic impacts over Europe are not stationary making it crucial to understanding its past evolution in order to improve the predictability of future scenarios. In this regard, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of studies aimed at reconstructing past NAO variability, but the information related to decadal-scale NAO evolution beyond the last millennium is scarce and inconclusive. We present a new 2,000-year multi-annual, proxy-based reconstruction of local NAO impact, with associated uncertainties, obtained by a Bayesian approach. This new local NAO reconstruction is obtained from a mountain lacustrine sedimentary archive of the Iberian Peninsula. This geographical area is not included in previous NAO reconstructions despite being a widely used region for instrumental-based NAO measurements. We assess the main external forcings (i.e., volcanic eruptions and solar activity) on NAO variability which, on a decadal scale, show that a low number of sunspots correlate to low NAO values. By comparison with other previously published NAO reconstructions in our analyses we can test the stationarity of the solar influence on the NAO signal across a latitudinal gradient based on the position of the employed archives for each NAO reconstruction. Inconclusive results on the volcanic forcing on NAO variability over decadal time-scales indicates the need for further studies. Moreover, we highlight the potential role of other North Atlantic modes of variability (i.e., East Atlantic pattern) on the non-stationary behaviour of the NAO throughout the Common Era, likely via solar forcing.
A conductive self healing polymeric binder using hydrogen bonding for Si anodes in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Nam Jaebin , Kim Eunsoo , K.K. Rajeev , Kim Yeonho , Kim Tae-Hyun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy)-functionalized poly(acrylic acid) grafted with poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG), designated PAU-g-PEG, was developed as a high performance polymer binder for Si anodes in lithium-ion batteries. By introducing both a ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) unit, which is capable of self-healing through dynamic hydrogen bonding within molecules as well as with Si, and an ion-conducting PEG onto the side chain of the poly(acrylic acid), this water-based self-healable and conductive polymer binder can effectively accommodate the volume changes of Si, while maintaining electronic integrity, in an electrode during repeated charge/discharge cycles. The Si@PAU-g-PEG electrode retained a high capacity of 1,450.2 mAh g−1 and a Coulombic efficiency of 99.4% even after 350 cycles under a C-rate of 0.5 C. Under a high C-rate of 3 C, an outstanding capacity of 2,500 mAh g−1 was also achieved, thus demonstrating its potential for improving the electrochemical performance of Si anodes.
Three-dimensional alignment of microvasculature and cardiomyocytes in the developing ventricle
Authors: Lapierre-Landry Maryse , Kolesová Hana , Liu Yehe , Watanabe Michiko , Jenkins Michael W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile major coronary artery development and pathologies affecting them have been extensively studied, understanding the development and organization of the coronary microvasculature beyond the earliest developmental stages requires new tools. Without techniques to image the coronary microvasculature over the whole heart, it is likely we are underestimating the microvasculature’s impact on normal development and diseases. We present a new imaging and analysis toolset to visualize the coronary microvasculature in intact embryonic hearts and quantify vessel organization. The fluorescent dyes DiI and DAPI were used to stain the coronary vasculature and cardiomyocyte nuclei in quail embryo hearts during rapid growth and morphogenesis of the left ventricular wall. Vessel and cardiomyocytes orientation were automatically extracted and quantified, and vessel density was calculated. The coronary microvasculature was found to follow the known helical organization of cardiomyocytes in the ventricular wall. Vessel density in the left ventricle did not change during and after compaction. This quantitative and automated approach will enable future cohort studies to understand the microvasculature’s role in diseases such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy where misalignment of cardiomyocytes has been observed in utero.
Inter simple sequence repeat markers to assess genetic diversity of the desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca Del.) for Sahelian ecosystem restoration
Authors: Mint Abdelaziz Selouka , Medraoui Leila , Alami Mohammed , Pakhrou Ouafae , Makkaoui Meryem , Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary Ali , Filali-Maltouf Abdelkarim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrought and desertification are the major environmental constraints facing the Sahelian agro-ecosystems for decades. Assessing genetic diversity of native tree species is critical to assist ecosystems restoration efforts. Here we describe genetic diversity and structure of seven Balanites aegyptiaca L. natural populations distributed across the Sahelian-Saharan zone of Mauritania using 16 polymorphic ISSR primers. These generated 505 polymorphic bands. Polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from (0.13–0.29) with an average 0.23, marker index (MI) averaged 7.3 (range 3.3–10.3) and resolving power (RP) ranged from (4.53–14.6) with an average 9.9. The number of observed alleles (Na) ranged from (0.62–1.39), Effective number of alleles (Ne) varied from (1.26–1.37), Shannon’s information index (I) ranged from (0.25–0.36). AMOVA analysis showed that 80% of the genetic variation was fined within populations, which is supported by a low level of genetic differentiation between population (GST = 0.21) and an overall estimate of gene flow among populations (Nm = 1.9). The dendrogram based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient and the structure analysis divided the seven populations into two main clusters in which two populations from the Saharan zone were grouped. Our results provide baseline data for genetic conservation programs of this Sahelian neglected crop and with an important econ-ecological role.
Gene expression is stable in a complete CIB1 knockout keratinocyte model
Authors: Imahorn Elias , Aushev Magomet , Herms Stefan , Hoffmann Per , Cichon Sven , Reichelt Julia , Itin Peter H. , Burger Bettina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEpidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a genodermatosis characterized by the inability of keratinocytes to control cutaneous β-HPV infection and a high risk for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Bi-allelic loss of function variants in TMC6, TMC8, and CIB1 predispose to EV. The correlation between these proteins and β-HPV infection is unclear. Its elucidation will advance the understanding of HPV control in human keratinocytes and development of NMSC. We generated a cell culture model by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of CIB1 to study the function of CIB1 in keratinocytes. Nine CIB1 knockout and nine mock control clones were generated originating from a human keratinocyte line. We observed small changes in gene expression as a result of CIB1 knockout, which is consistent with the clearly defined phenotype of EV patients. This suggests that the function of human CIB1 in keratinocytes is limited and involves the restriction of β-HPV. The presented model is useful to investigate CIB1 interaction with β-HPV in future studies.
Increased persistence of large-scale circulation regimes over Asia in the era of amplified Arctic warming, past and future
Authors: Francis Jennifer A. , Skific Natasa , Vavrus Stephen J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExtreme weather events in Asia have been occurring with increasing frequency as the globe warms in response to rising concentrations of greenhouse gases. Many of these events arise from weather regimes that persist over a region for days or even weeks, resulting in disruptive heatwaves, droughts, flooding, snowfalls, and cold spells. We investigate changes in the persistence of large-scale weather systems through a pattern-recognition approach based on daily 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies over the Asian continent. By tracking consecutive days that the atmosphere resides in a particular pattern, we identify long-duration events (LDEs), defined as lasting longer than three days, and measure their frequency of occurrence over time in each pattern. We find that regimes featuring positive height anomalies in high latitudes are occurring more often as the Arctic warms faster than mid-latitudes, both in the recent past and in model projections for the twenty-first century assuming unabated greenhouse gas emissions. The increased dominance of these patterns corresponds to a higher likelihood of LDEs, suggesting that persistent weather conditions will occur more frequently. By mapping observed temperature and precipitation extremes onto each atmospheric regime, we gain insight into the types of disruptive weather events that will become more prevalent as particular patterns become more common.