bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy performed in a morbidly obese patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a case report and literature review
Authors: Hashimoto Kenkichi , Sakaguchi Yoshihisa , Nambara Sho , Kudou Kensuke , Kusumoto Eiji , Yoshinaga Keiji , Kusumoto Tetsuya , Ikejiri Koji 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most frequent submucosal tumor, and with advancements of diagnostic modalities, the incidence of GIST cases diagnosed have increased. Similarly, prevalence of morbid obesity has also rapidly increased over the past decade. Notably, the incidence of GIST in obese patients was reported to be more frequent as compared to the general population. Despite local resection being the first choice for GIST treatment, extensive surgery should also be considered depending on the tumor size and location. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), the most popular bariatric procedure, could also be a concomitant treatment option for both morbid obesity and GIST when the tumor is contained within LSG the excision range. There are, however, few reports about LSG planned for GIST preoperatively.

Case presentation
A morbidly obese 46-year-old Japanese male (body weight of 105.4 kg, body mass index (BMI) of 36.6 kg/m2) was diagnosed with an intramural GIST in the gastric fundus. Because of his extreme visceral fat dominated obesity (visceral fat area of 386 cm2), in addition to the size and location of the tumor, we determined that it would be difficult to perform local resection. We planned LSG as a concomitant treatment for both GIST and morbid obesity. After the preoperative examination and 6 months of weight control, the patient lost enough weight to undergo LSG safely. Keeping enough distance away from the tumor, which we observed with an endoscope, we performed LSG to successfully resect the tumor. The patient was discharged uneventfully. Weight loss was successful as his BMI was 21.0 kg/m2 at 3 months post-surgery.

Conclusion
We successfully performed LSG in a morbidly obese patient with a large GIST. This is the largest GIST concomitantly resected with LSG reported within current literature.
A qualitative study using hybrid simulation to explore the impacts of human factors e-learning on behaviour change
Authors: Carter Harry , Hanks Sally , Gale Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is an international drive to increase human factors training in undergraduate medical curricula through various educational platforms. E-learning can be effective at teaching technical skills but there is limited research exploring the benefits of e-learning in human factors training. This study aimed to utilise hybrid simulation to investigate the impact of a human factors focused e-learning package for intravenous cannulation on safety behaviours.MethodsVideo-reflexive ethnography (VRE) techniques and interviews were used to explore human factor-related behaviour change in hybrid simulation scenarios, before and after e-learning modular training. Ten final-year medical students were recruited for the study. Content analysis of VRE data from hybrid simulation scenarios identified which behaviours had changed; thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews uncovered why.ResultsResults demonstrate improvement in safety behaviours in the domains of physical-, cognitive- and macro-ergonomics, suggesting safer cannulation practice following training. Online videos with interactive activities were reported as the major pedagogical driver for change. The impact of the e-learning was identified across four themes: environment, person, policy-related tasks, and preparedness for practise. Reported intention to change practise and altered behaviour in the workplace supports the conclusion that this training prepares students for practise by facilitating them to incorporate human factors principles in their clinical work.ConclusionE-learning is a valuable and effective method for supporting medical student learning about human factors. Hybrid simulation and VRE combine well together to evaluate behaviour change following educational interventions.
COVID-19 related deaths in an urban academic medical center in Brooklyn – a descriptive case series
Authors: McCracken James Andrew , Nakeshbandi Mohamed , Arace Jeffrey , Riley Wayne J. , Sharma Roopali 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Available studies are lacking in analysis of baseline demographics and hospital presentation of patients at risk of expiring due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly Black American patients. We conducted a retrospective chart review to determine similarities in demographics and hospital presentation among patients who expired due to COVID-19 at an academic medical center in Brooklyn, New York.

Study design and methods
This is a retrospective observational study of 200 patients who expired due to complications of COVID-19. Patients were included in this study if they had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and expired during their admission. Data were collected on patients who expired between March 17 and April 16, 2020.

Results
A vast majority of patients were Black Americans (89%) with no history of international travel who had more than one comorbidity (81%), with the most common comorbidities being hypertension (84·5%), diabetes mellitus (57·5%), and obesity (41·5%). Fifty-five percent of our patient population had three or more comorbidities. Among patients with available data, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin values were elevated above normal limits at admission. Dyspnea was the most common presenting symptom (92·5%). Most (90·5%) presented within the first week of symptoms, with a median time of symptoms prior to expiration being 8·42 days (IQR 5·57–12·72).

Interpretation
Socioeconomic status and healthcare inequalities have greatly affected the Black population of Brooklyn, New York, and these disparities become even more apparent in COVID-19 infection. Patients presenting with numerous comorbidities and elevated inflammatory markers represent a population at high risk of in-hospital mortality.
Rivastigmine patch (Exelon patch) compared to melatonin patch in prevention of postoperative delirium in the elderly
Authors: Hussien Rania Maher , Shoukry Aktham Adel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Postoperative delirium (PD) is an acute, transient disorder of consciousness, attention, perception, and cognition. Many theories, such as decreased cholinergic neurotransmission and surgery-induced disturbances in melatonin secretion, were proposed as a potential cause for developing PD especially in the elderly.
Previous studies concluded that perioperative rivastigmine significantly reduced the prevalence and severity of PD. Other studies concluded that oral perioperative melatonin was associated with a lower risk of PD. However, the effect of melatonin in patch form was not studied and the effect of perioperative rivastigmine and melatonin patch was not compared.
Our aim was to compare rivastigmine patch to melatonin patch regarding the incidence and severity of PD in elderly patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery.

Methods
In this double blinded randomized study, 180 elderly patients, ASA I–III, aged 60–85 years undergoing major orthopaedic surgery were divided into two equal groups; group R patients received a rivastigmine patch (4.6 mg) and group M patients received a melatonin patch (7 mg). Both patches were administered 24 h preoperative, on the day of operation and for the following 3 postoperative days. All patients received regional anaesthesia and basic monitoring in the form of NIBP, SPO2, and ECG. Patients were examined for PD using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and level of sedation using the Ramsay Sedation Score (RSS) on the first, second, third, and 7th postoperative day, and for those who develop PD, a CAM-S score was done to assess the severity of PD. Drug-related side effects were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using a standard SPSS software.

Results
CAM score was positive in a total of 39 patients. Rivastigmine patch significantly decreased the incidence of PD when compared to melatonin patch (P value 0.047). However, CAM-S indicated that the severity of PD was comparable. Patients were more sedated in the melatonin group. There were no melatonin- nor rivastigmine-related perioperative complications. Intraoperative SBP, DBP, and HR were slightly less in melatonin group, although statistically non-significant.

Conclusions
Rivastigmine patch is superior to melatonin patch in decreasing the incidence of PD in elderly patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery; however, both drugs were comparable in decreasing its severity.

Trial registration
Clinical trails.gov, NCT04189666. December 6, 2019, prospectively registered
Estimation of in situ hydrocarbon saturation of porous rocks from borehole measurements of spontaneous potential
Authors: Bautista-Anguiano Joshua , Torres-Verdín Carlos 
Published: August 2020

It has been previously shown that Nernst’s equation is not reliable for the interpretation of spontaneous potential (SP) measurements acquired in hydrocarbon-bearing rocks. We have examined whether the difference between borehole SP measurements and Nernst-equation predictions could be used to estimate in situ hydrocarbon saturation of porous rocks. For this purpose, a new petrophysical model and a mechanistic finite-difference algorithm for simulating SP borehole measurements in the presence of mud-filtrate invasion are used to establish the limits of detectability of hydrocarbon saturation using only SP logs. We find that the optimal conditions for the detection of hydrocarbon saturation from SP borehole measurements are when (1) capillary forces dominate the process of mud-filtrate invasion, (2) the matrix-pore interface region, known as the electrical double layer, has a relevant impact in the diffusion of counterions, and (3) the electrolyte concentration of drilling mud is greater than that of formation water. We also determine why high values of the endpoint of the water relative permeability favor the detection of hydrocarbon-saturated rocks with the SP log. Using measurements acquired in three key wells within a mature and active hydrocarbon field, three blind tests find that our petrophysical model together with the mechanistic SP simulation algorithm enable the estimation of hydrocarbon saturation from SP borehole measurements without the need for resistivity logs or porosity calculations. The estimation is reliable when the volumetric concentration of shale is negligible, the pore network structure is constant throughout the reservoir, and radial invasion profiles are similar to those observed in the calibration key wells.
Cross-profile seismic data acquisition, imaging, and modeling of iron-oxide deposits: A case study from Blötberget, south-central Sweden
Authors: Maries Georgiana , Malehmir Alireza , Marsden Paul 
Published: August 2020

Two 2D reflection seismic profiles were acquired in Blötberget, south-central Sweden, for deep targeting and delineation of sheet-like iron-oxide deposits, known to dip toward the southeast and extend down to at least 0.8 km depth from core drilling observations. The two perpendicular profiles recorded shots at every receiver station along the main and cross profiles. To obtain more information on the lateral extent of the mineralized horizons, data from the two profiles, including the cross-profile records, were binned together in a 3D grid and further processed as a 3D data set. Processing results suggest that more information is retrieved when 3D processing is used and the mineralization lateral extent can be inferred for at least 0.3 km. The seismic response of the mineralization was further studied through forward reflection traveltime modeling, using a 3D ray-tracing approach; thus, the 3D geometry of several planar reflectors was validated. Additionally, 2D elastic finite-difference modeling work showed that the observed reflection pattern in the seismic data may originate from several mineralized horizons, suggesting potential resources in the footwall of the known deposits and large-scale geologic structures. The results encourage the use of seismic methods for direct delineation of mineral deposits even from 2D profiles and prompted a 3D survey in the area.
Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Among Women Presenting for Cervical Cancer Screening at Karanda Mission Hospital
Authors: Thistle Paul , Parpia Rabea , Pain Debanjan , Lee Hang , Manasa Justen , Schnipper Lowell E. 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE High-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) are the primary cause of cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is expected to prevent cervical cancers caused by the HPV types included in vaccines and possibly by cross-protection from other types. This study sought to determine the hrHPV type distribution in women at a rural Zimbabwe hospital. METHODS We implemented a cross-sectional study at the Karanda Mission Hospital. Using the Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid Cervicography technique, clinicians collected cervical swabs from 400 women presenting for screening for cervical cancer. Samples were initially analyzed by Cepheid GeneXpert; candidate hrHPV genotypes were further characterized using the Anyplex II HPV28 Detection Kit. RESULTS Twenty-one percent of the 400 women were positive for a high-risk genotype when using the GeneXpert analyzer; 17% were positive when using the multiplex analysis. Almost two thirds of the hrHPV women had a single DNA type identified, whereas one third had multiple genotypes, ranging from 2 to 5. hrHPV was observed more frequently in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative women (27% v 15%). Of the 113 isolates obtained, 77% were hrHPV genotypes not included in the bivalent or quadrivalent vaccines, and 47% represented DNA types not covered in the nonavalent vaccine. Forty-seven percent of the women with hrHPV harbored a single genotype that was not covered by the nonavalent vaccine. CONCLUSION A large fraction of hrHPV isolates from women participating in a cervical cancer screening program in northern Zimbabwe are DNA types not covered by the bivalent, quadrivalent, or nonavalent vaccines. These findings suggest the importance of characterizing the hrHPV DNA types isolated from cervical neoplasia in this population and determining whether cross-immunization against these genotypes develops after administration of the vaccines in current use.
Bone Marrow Metabolism Is Impaired in Insulin Resistance and Improves After Exercise Training
Authors: Ojala Ronja , Motiani Kumail K , Ivaska Kaisa K , Arponen Milja , Eskelinen Jari-Joonas , Virtanen Kirsi A , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Heiskanen Marja A , U-Din Mueez , Nuutila Pirjo , Kalliokoski Kari K , Hannukainen Jarna C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
Exercise training improves bone mineral density, but little is known about the effects of training on bone marrow (BM) metabolism. BM insulin sensitivity has been suggested to play an important role in bone health and whole-body insulin sensitivity.

Objective
To study the effects of exercise training on BM metabolism.

Design
Randomized controlled trial.

Setting
Clinical research center.

Participants
Sedentary healthy (n = 28, 40–55 years, all males) and insulin resistant (IR) subjects (n = 26, 43–55 years, males/females 16/10)

Intervention
Two weeks of sprint interval training or moderate-intensity continuous training

Main outcome measures
We measured femoral, lumbar, and thoracic BM insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) and fasting free fatty acid uptake (FFAU) using positron-emission tomography and bone turnover markers from plasma.

Results
At baseline, GU was highest in lumbar, followed by thoracic, and lowest in femoral BM (all Ps &lt; 0.0001). FFAU was higher in lumbar and thoracic than femoral BM (both Ps &lt; 0.0001). BM FFAU and femoral BM GU were higher in healthy compared to IR men and in females compared to males (all Ps &lt; 0.05). Training increased femoral BM GU similarly in all groups and decreased lumbar BM FFAU in males (all Ps &lt; 0.05). Osteocalcin and PINP were lower in IR than healthy men and correlated positively with femoral BM GU and glycemic status (all Ps &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
BM metabolism differs regarding anatomical location. Short-term training improves BM GU and FFAU in healthy and IR subjects. Bone turnover rate is decreased in insulin resistance and associates positively with BM metabolism and glycemic control.

Clinical Trial Registration Number
NCT01344928.
Markers of Iron Flux during Testosterone-Mediated Erythropoiesis in Older Men with Unexplained or Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Artz Andrew S , Stephens-Shields Alisa J , Bhasin Shalender , Ellenberg Susan S , Cohen Harvey J , Snyder Peter J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
Testosterone treatment of hypogonadal men improves their hemoglobin, but the mechanism is not understood.

Objective
To investigate possible mechanisms by which testosterone stimulates erythropoiesis in hypogonadal older men with unexplained or iron-deficiency anemia.

Design
The Anemia Trial of The Testosterone Trials, a placebo-controlled study in older, hypogonadal men.

Setting
Twelve academic medical centers.

Participants
A total of 95 hypogonadal men (testosterone &lt; 275 ng/mL) ≥65 years with anemia (hemoglobin &lt; 12.7 g/dL). They were classified as having unexplained (n = 58) or iron deficiency anemia (n = 37).

Intervention
Testosterone or placebo gel for 1 year.

Main Outcome Measures
Markers of iron metabolism during the first 3 months of treatment.

Results
Testosterone replacement significantly (P &lt; 0.001) increased hemoglobin in the 58 men who had unexplained anemia (adjusted mean difference 0.58 g/dL; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.85). Testosterone replacement tended to increase hemoglobin in the 37 men who had iron deficiency (0.38 g/dL; −0.19, 0.95), but the response was more variable and not statistically significant (P = 0.19). In men with unexplained anemia, testosterone replacement suppressed hepcidin (−8.2 ng/mL; −13.7, −2.7; P = 0.004) and ferritin (−19.6 µg/L; −32.8, −6.3; P = 0.004), but in men with iron deficiency, testosterone replacement did not. The decrease in hepcidin was moderately correlated with the increase in hemoglobin in the men with unexplained anemia (correlation coefficient −0.35, P = 0.01) but not in those with iron deficiency anemia (correlation coefficient −0.07, P = 0.73).

Conclusions
Testosterone replacement of older hypogonadal men with unexplained anemia stimulates erythropoiesis associated with increased iron mobilization. This effect appears to be attenuated by iron deficiency.
Low Back Pain in Operating Room Nurses and Its Associated Factors
Authors: Cavdar Ikbal , Karaman Ahmet , Ozhanlı Yasemin , Ozbas Ayfer 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To determine the presence of low back pain and the associated factors in operating room nurses.
Methods: The population of the descriptive study consists of 133 operating room nurses working in the operating rooms of five major hospitals located in Istanbul, and the study sample consists of 96 operating room nurses who are not on leave or sick leave between July-2016 to February 2017. Data were collected via a question form prepared by the researchers.
Results: It was determined that more than half of the operating room nurses forming the sample group had low back pain and that it is affected from the practices of operating room nurses during a shift, which may cause physical strain such as year of working as an operating room nurse, bending and staying in the same position for a long time, holding an instrument for a long time, rotational movement inadequate to body mechanics, lifting/carrying heavy medical items and pushing/pulling heavy medical equipment.
Conclusion: Majority of operating room nurses had low back pain and it was associated with coercive movements during surgery.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2836
How to cite this:Cavdar I, Karaman A, Ozhanli Y, Ozbas A. Low Back Pain in Operating Room Nurses and Its Associated Factors. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1291-1296. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2836
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA UMA GEOGRAFIA DA VIDA COTIDIANA: JOÃO DO RIO, UM FLÂNEUR DOS TRÓPICOS
Authors: Soares Anael Ribeiro 
Published: August 2020

O presente estudo se propõe a analisar parte do que foi produzido por João do Rio entre o fim séc. XIX e o início do XX como contribuições aos estudos da Geografia urbana brasileira, tendo como recorte espacial a metrópole carioca sob o véu da belle époque, a partir de uma categoria de análise central: a vida cotidiana. O arsenal teórico-metodológico no qual se buscou subsídios estão associados aos estudos no interior da teoria crítica. Ao final, ao aproximarmos a obra de João do Rio com a as condições objetivas no espaço-tempo a partir das quais sua arte ganhava corporeidade, observando-se o lugar que ocupa o cotidiano em suas crônicas, bem como papel da rua enquanto lócus dos encontros. Palavras-chave: Arte; João do Rio; Vida Cotidiana.
PHARMACOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF CONTROLLED RELEASE DRUGS
Authors: Melo Vinicius Farias de , Coelho José Leonardo Gomes , Sousa Carmelita Maria Silva , Fernandes Elis Augusta Moura Dias , Brito Rivaniery Teles Braga Emídio de , Santana Willma José de 
Published: August 2020

Abstract: This present aims to discuss the main systems of controlled release of drugs and their pharmacological applications. For this purpose, this study was based on articles between the years 2016 to 2020 in English, Spanish and Portuguese, using the following descriptors: Pharmacological applications, Controlled release, Conventional release. The main systems discussed were polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes and cyclodextrins. These systems guarantee a constant concentration of the drug in the sage and promote a dose comfort to the patient, minimizing the amount of administration, unexpected effects. Keywords: Pharmacological applications, Controlled release, Conventional release.