bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The recursive relationship between abusive supervision and service performance
Authors: Shum Cass 
Published: August 2020

PurposeDrawing upon the conservation of resources theory, this study investigates the recursive relationship between abusive supervision and service performance and the moderating role of coworker support in this recursive relationship.Design/methodology/approachThis study tests the model using moderated cross-lagged analysis with a three-wave longitudinal data from 146 hospitality employees who were working and studying in hospitality.FindingsResults support the recursive relationship: abusive supervision impairs service performance and employees with low service performance provoke abusive supervision. Coworker support mitigates the lagged effect between abusive supervision and service performance and that between service performance and abusive supervision.Practical implicationsHospitality organizations should have a zero-tolerance policy toward abusive supervision. Employees who would like to avoid abuse should improve their service performance and seek coworker support.Originality/valueThis study uses a novel analytical approach to examine the recursive relationship between abusive supervision and service performance. It provides evidence on the bidirectional causal relationship and sheds light on how employees can avoid getting abused. This study is also one of the first studies that examine the moderating role of coworker support on the effect of service performance on abusive supervision.
Restoration‐oriented forest management affects community assembly patterns of deadwood‐dependent organisms
Authors: Doerfler Inken , Cadotte Marc W. , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Müller Jörg , Gossner Martin M. , Heibl Christoph , Bässler Claus , Thorn Simon , Seibold Sebastian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Land‐use intensification leads to loss and degradation of habitats and is thus a major driver of biodiversity loss. Restoration strategies typically focus on promoting biodiversity but often neglect that land‐use intensification could have changed the underlying mechanisms of community assembly. Since assembly mechanisms determine the diversity and composition of communities, we propose that evaluation of restoration strategies should consider effects of restoration on biodiversity and community assembly. Using a multi‐taxon approach, we tested whether a strategy that promotes forest biodiversity by restoring deadwood habitats also affects assembly patterns.

We assessed saproxylic (i.e. deadwood‐dependent) beetles and fungi, as well as non‐saproxylic plants and birds in 68 beech forest plots in southern Germany, 8 years after the commencement of a restoration project. To assess changes in community assembly, we analysed the patterns of functional–phylogenetic diversity, community‐weighted mean (CWM) traits and their diversity. We hypothesized that restoration increases habitat amount and heterogeneity of deadwood and reduces canopy cover and thereby decreases the strength of environmental filters imposed by past silvicultural intensification, such as a low amount in deadwood.

With the restoration of deadwood habitats, saproxylic beetle communities became less functionally–phylogenetically similar, whereas the assembly patterns of saproxylic fungi and non‐saproxylic taxa remained unaffected by deadwood restoration. Among the traits analysed, deadwood diameter niche position of species was most strongly affected indicating that the enrichment of large deadwood objects led to lower functional–phylogenetical similarity of saproxylic beetles. Community assembly and traits of plants were mainly influenced by microclimate associated with changes in canopy cover.

Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that the positive effects of deadwood restoration on saproxylic beetle richness are associated with an increase in deadwood amount. This might be linked to an increase in deadwood heterogeneity, and therefore decreasing management‐induced environmental filters. Deadwood enrichment can thus be considered an effective restoration strategy which reduces the negative effects of intense forest management on saproxylic taxa by not only promoting biodiversity but also by decreasing the environmental filters shaping saproxylic beetle communities, thus allowing the possibly for more interactions between species and a higher functional diversity.
Maintaining ordinariness in dementia care
Authors: Gjernes Trude , Måseide Per 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDrawing on data from fieldwork in a Norwegian care home for people diagnosed with dementia, the article focuses on how social ordinariness is produced by professional practices and co‐operation with residents. Through the lens of ethnomethodological and other pragmatist approaches to ordinariness, social agency and identity, the article uses interviews and observations to explore how residents in a care home were given the opportunity to act as ordinary persons and maintain ordinariness despite their illness. The analysis shows that a social and moral norm of ordinariness was central for how professional care work was performed in the care home. To help residents maintaining ordinariness was an essential part of caring work and to accomplish this, residents were regularly involved in activities they recognised from their everyday lives. This helped them holding on to their identities. The activities were regulated by situational rules that avoided stigmatising behaviour and maintained the residents’ dignity.
Shame in a post‐socialist society: a qualitative study of healthcare seeking and utilisation in common mental disorders
Authors: Doblytė Sigita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAfter the regime collapse, the former socialist societies in Central and Eastern Europe experienced rapid social and economic transformations. Consequently, mental health deterioration coupled with ambitions to break with the past triggered reforms of mental health systems. Yet, 30 years later, mental health in the region remains poor. Stigma of mental illness may be one of the factors that delays help seeking and, therefore, maintains status quo. Thus, the aim of the article is to better understand the roots of stigma and the process of stigmatisation in one of these countries – Lithuania. Drawing on Norbert Elias’s model of established‐outsider relations, the article presents the analysis of 23 in‐depth interviews with healthcare providers and users of services diagnosed with depression or anxiety disorders. Said analysis reveals how stigma of mental illness might result in damaged self‐image and shame of feeling different. Mental illness and healthcare seeking are perceived as a threat to culturally and historically determined self‐values, at the core of which seems to be intolerance of difference. The article contributes not only to research concerning mental health in a relatively understudied region of Central and Eastern Europe, but also to existing literature on stigma as embedded in a local context.
Geographic arbitrariness? County court variation in capital prosecution and sentencing in Pennsylvania
Authors: Ulmer Jeffery T. , Zajac Gary , Kramer John H. 
Published: August 2020

Research SummaryThe death penalty remains one of the most controversial issues of criminal punishment not only because of racial/ethnic disparities, wrongful convictions, and inadequate defense representation but also because of the potential for geographic arbitrariness. The key empirical proposition embedded in the concept of geographic arbitrariness is that localities react to legally and procedurally equal capital cases in much different ways. This study assesses whether this key proposition is observed. We use data on 880 capital murder cases, nested in 18 counties in Pennsylvania from 2000 to 2010, to examine between‐county differences in (a) prosecutors’ filing of specific aggravating circumstances, (b) prosecutors’ filings to seek the death penalty, (c) prosecutors’ decisions to retract a death filing, and (d) court (judges’ or juries’) decisions to impose the death penalty. First, we found that counties differed substantially in their decisions connected to the same statutory aggravators and murder characteristics. Second, propensity score weighting models demonstrated meaningful and sometimes huge differences between specific counties in prosecutorial decisions to file to seek the death penalty, and to retract those filings. We also found meaningful differences in the likelihood of defendants being sentenced to death across counties, although differences were not as large as those for the prosecutorial decisions. Little evidence exists that county partisan composition accounts for differences between counties in death penalty outcomes, and some limited evidence points to county size as a factor that shapes death penalty outcomes. Overall, however, results point to the idiosyncrasy of specific counties in their likelihood of exposing and sentencing defendants to the death penalty.Policy ImplicationsThe remedies most connected to this study's findings involve local prosecutorial discretion. A key suggestion would be to strengthen the narrowing function that is supposed to be performed by statutory definitions of aggravating factors. The number, breadth, and vagueness of aggravating factors give prosecutors more expansive discretion to select cases for exposure to the death penalty, as well as judges/juries wider grounds to potentially impose it. This discretion, in turn, allows for wide local variations in the interpretation and application of these aggravating factors. Constraining this discretion would necessitate reducing the number of aggravating factors and defining the remaining ones clearly and narrowly. Another possible remedy would be prosecutorial guidelines for the weighting and use of statutory aggravating factors. The very enterprise of capital punishment in the United States, however, may well have geographic arbitrariness inherently embedded in it. If so, there would be no practical way to eliminate geographic arbitrariness short of abolishing the death penalty.
Evaluation of autophagy‐related genes in Egyptian systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Kamel Ayat M. , Badary Mohamed S. , Mohamed Wegdan A. , Ahmed Ghada H. , El‐Feky Mohamed A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDisturbances in autophagy are known to be implicated in autoimmune disorders. Many studies have connected polymorphisms in autophagy‐related gene 5 (ATG‐5) to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our aim was the determination of the expression level of ATG‐5, Beclin‐1 and microtubule‐associated protein‐light chain 3 (LC‐3) in Egyptian SLE patients to investigate the impact of disturbances in autophagy genes on the incidence and progression of the disease. Also, we investigated the incidence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs573775 in ATG‐5 gene among Egyptian SLE patients. Our results showed that the mean levels of Beclin‐1, LC‐3 and interleukin (IL)‐10 transcripts were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to healthy controls. The previous transcripts were positively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Beclin‐1 and LC‐3 transcripts were negatively correlated to complement component 3 (C3) levels. Only LC‐3 transcripts were negatively correlated to complement component 4 (C4). The rs573775 SNP of ATG‐5 with the variant allele was significantly associated with disease susceptibility, conferring a higher risk of SLE development. This variant allele was more prevalent in patients below 30 years, patients with anemia and in patients with anti‐double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA), confirming the essential role of ATG‐5 polymorphism in the susceptibility of Egyptian patients to SLE.
Closing the brain–heart loop: Towards more holistic models of addiction and addiction recovery
Authors: Eddie David , Bates Marsha E. , Buckman Jennifer F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMuch research seeks to articulate the brain structures and pathways implicated in addiction and addiction recovery. Prominent neurobiological models emphasize the interplay between cortical and limbic brain regions as a main driver of addictive processes, but largely do not take into consideration sensory and visceral information streams that link context and state to the brain and behavior. Yet these brain–body information streams would seem to be necessary elements of a comprehensive model of addiction. As a starting point, we describe the overlap between one current model of addiction circuitry and the neural network that not only regulates cardiovascular system activity but also receives feedback from peripheral cardiovascular processes through the baroreflex loop. We highlight the need for neurobiological, molecular, and behavioral studies of neural and peripheral cardiovascular signal integration during the experience of internal states and environmental contexts that drive alcohol and other drug use behaviors. We end with a call for systematic, mechanistic research on the promising, yet largely unexamined benefits to addiction treatment of neuroscience‐informed, adjunctive interventions that target the malleability of the cardiovascular system to alter brain processes.
Micro‐CT analysis of the marginal adaptation and porosity associated with ultrasonic activation of coronally placed tricalcium silicate‐based cements
Authors: Dinçer Asiye Nur , Güneşer Mehmet Burak , Sisli Selen Nihal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic activation on coronal marginal adaptation and microporosity of tricalcium silicate–based materials. Sixty freshly extracted human maxillary lateral incisor teeth were instrumented with ProTaper Next X2 files followed by Peeso‐Reamer burs, sizes 1 to 5. The specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): Group 1, Biodentine + hand condensation; Group 2, Biodentine + ultrasonic activation; Group 3, NeoMTA Plus + hand condensation; Group 4, NeoMTA Plus + ultrasonic activation; Group 5, ProRoot WMTA + hand condensation; and Group 6, ProRoot WMTA + ultrasonic activation. All tested materials were mixed mechanically and placed 2 mm underneath the cement–enamel junction by hand condensation or indirect ultrasonic activation. Volumetric analysis of the voids between the dentine wall and coronal barrier material and the porosity within the material was evaluated with micro‐CT. There was no significant difference in marginal adaptation among the six groups (P > 0.05). Ultrasonic activation favoured a reduced microporosity in Biodentine Group (P < 0.001).
Obesity as a contributor to immunopathology in pregnant and non‐pregnant adults with COVID‐19
Authors: McCartney Stephen A. , Kachikis Alisa , Huebner Emily M. , Walker Christie L. , Chandrasekaran Suchi , Adams Waldorf Kristina M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to a global public health emergency with the need to identify vulnerable populations who may benefit from increased screening and healthcare resources. Initial data suggest that overall, pregnancy is not a significant risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, case series have suggested that maternal obesity is one of the most important comorbidities associated with more severe disease. In obese individuals, suppressors of cytokine signaling are upregulated and type I and III interferon responses are delayed and blunted leading to ineffective viral clearance. Obesity is also associated with changes in systemic immunity involving a wide range of immune cells and mechanisms that lead to low‐grade chronic inflammation, which can compromise antiviral immunity. Macrophage activation in adipose tissue can produce low levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6). Further, adipocyte secretion of leptin is pro‐inflammatory and high circulating levels of leptin have been associated with mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The synergistic effects of obesity‐associated delays in immune control of COVID‐19 with mechanical stress of increased adipose tissue may contribute to a greater risk of pulmonary compromise in obese pregnant women. In this review, we bring together data regarding obesity as a key co‐morbidity for COVID‐19 in pregnancy with known changes in the antiviral immune response associated with obesity. We also describe how the global burden of obesity among reproductive age women has serious public health implications for COVID‐19.
Clinical activity and outcomes during Geelong's general surgery response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Drysdale Henry R. E. , Ooi Sally ,   Geelong Surgical COVID‐19 Response Team, Nagra Sonal , Watters David A. , Guest Glenn D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has required conserving capacity and resources to avoid the health sector being overwhelmed. This paper describes Geelong's general surgical response, surgical activity, outcomes and the effect on surgical training.MethodsData collected from surgical audits; hospital databases and patient's medical records were used to compare the first 7 weeks of our new service delivery (30 March to 17 May 2020) to the corresponding 7 weeks in 2019 (1 April 2019 to 19 May 2019). All surgical cases, morbidity and mortality were discussed at weekly surgical audit meetings conducted by videoconference. Treatment performance indicators were tested by chi‐squared test for proportions, and by Student's t‐test or Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables.ResultsElective general surgery decreased by 45.9% but an essential service was maintained by substantially increasing our public in private operating to perform 81 cases. Despite a 30% decrease in emergency department presentations, general surgery admissions decreased only 6.1% while emergency operations increased 13.9%. We used telehealth to conduct 81.3% of outpatient appointments and 61.8% of pre‐operative anaesthetic reviews. No significant differences were found for overall surgical outcomes, including appendicectomy (perforation rates) and laparotomy (length of stay and morbidity). Operative exposure for trainees was maintained.ConclusionGeelong was able to provide a safe and effective general surgery service during the first 7 weeks of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. There are some valuable lessons which could be adopted elsewhere in the event of a surge or second wave of cases.
Robotic complete mesocolic excision and central vascular ligation for right‐sided colon cancer: short‐term outcomes from a case series
Authors: Larach José T. , Rajkomar Amrish K. S. , Narasimhan Vignesh , Kong Joseph , Smart Philip J. , Heriot Alexander G. , Warrier Satish K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite conflicting data regarding oncological outcomes, studies demonstrate that complete mesocolic excision (CME) and central vascular ligation (CVL) for right‐sided colon cancer removes significantly more tissue and yields higher lymph node counts when compared to conventional resection. This study aims to report the safety profile of CME and CVL in patients undergoing robotic surgery for right‐sided colon cancer during the introduction of this technique across two institutions.MethodsPatients who underwent an elective robotic right colectomy with CME and CVL for right‐sided colon cancer in a public quaternary and a private tertiary healthcare centre between November 2018 and April 2020 were included. Demographic, clinical, perioperative and histopathological variables were recorded and analysed.ResultsTwenty patients (13 females) with a median age of 69 (23–83) years and median body mass index of 27 (19–46) were included. All of them had a pre‐operative diagnosis of right‐sided colon adenocarcinoma. Median operative time and blood loss were 140 (130–300) min and 30 (20–100) mL, respectively. There were no conversions or intra‐operative complications. There were two post‐operative complications recorded (one ileus and one intra‐abdominal collection treated with intravenous antibiotics) and no re‐interventions. Median length of stay was 4 (2–8) days. All patients had an R0 resection, and the median lymph node yield was 36 (22–80) lymph nodes.ConclusionThis series demonstrates a safe introduction of robotic CME and CVL in patients with right‐sided colon cancer. The lymph node harvest obtained with CME and CVL in this setting was high.
Intra‐aortic balloon pump: Looking at the other side
Authors: Gelsomino Sandro , de Jong Monique M. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntra‐aortic balloon pump has been the most commonly employed cardiac assist device in the past, although, in recent years, its use in cardiogenic shock has been questioned. The pathophysiology of the proximal part of the balloon has been well studied, whereas, hemodynamics and flow below the distal portion of the balloon have not been fully understood yet. The distal flow contains a three‐wave flow pattern during diastolic balloon expansion: a flow reduction in early diastole, a backflow in mid‐diastole followed by a tele‐diastolic flow. More research on this topic is warranted to better understand the physics of the distal part of the balloon and its interaction with the three components of the local regulatory system: intrinsic (local metabolic and myogenic), extrinsic (autonomic nervous system), and humoral (local or circulating vasoactive substances). These new insights will be a guide for new balloon designs that will allow enhanced performance and improved outcomes.
Pharmacological properties of TRPM3 isoforms are determined by the length of the pore loop
Authors: Held Katharina , Aloi Vincenzo Davide , Freitas Ana Cristina Nogueira , Janssens Annelies , Segal Andrei , Przibilla Julia , Philipp Stephan Ernst , Wang Yu Tian , Voets Thomas , Vriens Joris 
Published: August 2020

Background and PurposeTransient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) is a non‐selective cation channel that plays a pivotal role in the peripheral nervous system as a transducer of painful heat signals. Alternative splicing gives rise to several TRPM3 variants. The functional consequences of these splice isoforms are poorly understood. Here, the pharmacological properties of TRPM3 variants arising from alternative splicing in the pore‐forming region were compared.Experimental ApproachCalcium microfluorimetry and patch clamp recordings were used to compare the properties of heterologously expressed TRPM3α1 (long pore variant) and TRPM3α2–α6 (short pore variants). Furthermore, site‐directed mutagenesis was done to investigate the influence of the length of the pore loop on the channel function.Key ResultsAll short pore loop TRPM3α variants (TRPM3α2–α6) were activated by the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulphate (PS) and by nifedipine, whereas the long pore loop variant TRPM3α1 was insensitive to either compound. In contrast, TRPM3α1 was robustly activated by clotrimazole, a compound that does not directly activate the short pore variants but potentiates their responses to PS. Clotrimazole‐activated TRPM3α1 currents were largely insensitive to established TRPM3α2 antagonists and were only partially inhibited upon activation of the μ opioid receptor. Finally, by creating a set of mutant channels with pore loops of intermediate length, we showed that the length of the pore loop dictates differential channel activation by PS and clotrimazole.Conclusion and ImplicationsAlternative splicing in the pore‐forming region of TRPM3 defines the channel's pharmacological properties, which depend critically on the length of the pore‐forming loop.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Structure Guided Pharmacology of Membrane Proteins (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.14/issuetoc