bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sites of Vulnerability on Ricin B Chain Revealed through Epitope Mapping of Toxin-Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Vance David J. , Poon Amanda Y. , Mantis Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRicin toxin’s B subunit (RTB) is a multifunctional galactose (Gal)-/N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNac)-specific lectin that promotes efficient uptake and intracellular trafficking of ricin’s ribosome-inactivating subunit (RTA) into mammalian cells. Structurally, RTB consists of two globular domains (RTB-D1, RTB-D2), each divided into three homologous sub-domains (α, β, γ). The two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) are situated on opposite sides of RTB (sub-domains 1α and 2γ) and function non-cooperatively. Previous studies have revealed two distinct classes of toxin-neutralizing, anti-RTB monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Type I mAbs, exemplified by SylH3, inhibit (∼90%) toxin attachment to cell surfaces, while type II mAbs, epitomized by 24B11, interfere with intracellular toxin transport between the plasma membrane and the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Localizing the epitopes recognized by these two classes of mAbs has proven difficult, in part because of RTB’s duplicative structure. To circumvent this problem, full-length RTB or the two individual domains, RTB-D1 and RTB-D2, were expressed as pIII fusion proteins on the surface of filamentous phage M13 and subsequently used as “bait” in mAb capture assays. The results indicated that SylH3 captured RTB-D1, while 24B11 captured RTB-D2. Analysis of additional toxin-neutralizing and non-neutralizing mAbs along with single chain antibodies (VHHs) known to compete with SylH3 or 24B11 confirmed these domain assignments. These results not only indicate that so-called type I and type II mAbs segregate on the basis of domain specificity, but suggest that RTB’s two domains may contribute to distinct steps in the intoxication pathway.
Deconstructing biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships: Filtering of macroinvertebrate traits in a large river floodplain
Authors: Rideout Natalie K. , Compson Zacchaeus G. , Monk Wendy A. , Bruce Meghann R. , Hajibabaei Mehrdad , Porter Teresita M. , Wright Michael T.G. , Baird Donald J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Biodiversity-Ecosystem Function hypothesis postulates that higher biodiversity is correlated with ecosystem function by providing a high number of filled niches through species response types and resource use patterns. Through their high spatio-temporal habitat diversity, floodplains are highly productive ecosystems, supporting communities that are naturally resilient and highly diverse. We examined linkages among floodplain wetland habitats, invertebrate communities and their associated traits, and ecosystem function across 60 sites within the floodplain wetlands of the lower Wolastoq | Saint John River, New Brunswick, using structural equation modelling and Threshold Indicator Taxa ANalysis (TITAN2). We identified key environmental filters of invertebrate communities, namely linking increased niche differentiation through historical change, flood pulse dynamics, and macrophyte bed complexity with increased taxa and functional diversity. Examination of traits linked to ecosystem functions revealed that healthy wetlands with higher primary productivity were associated with greater functional evenness and richness, while habitat patches with increased decomposition rates had low functional richness, reflecting highly disturbed habitat. Our results highlight key differences between wetland and riverine ecosystems, relating to how critical functions support healthy wetland habitats by providing increased resilience to disturbance, here associated with differing levels of conservation protection.
Enrichment-Free Identification of Native Definitive (EnFIND) O-glycoproteome of antibodies in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Sun Xue , Cheng Jianhui , Tian Wenmin , Gao Shuaixin , Guo Jiangtao , Hu Fanlei , Zhang Hong , Huang Xiaojun , Chen Da Yong , Chen Yang , Wong Catherine CL 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe detection of O-glycosylation at the proteome level has long been a challenging task and a roadblock for O-linked protein glycosylation research. We report an Enrichment-Free Identification of Native Definitive (EnFIND) O-glycoproteome using Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry coupled to TOF Mass Spectrometry (TIMS-TOF MS) for direct analysis of protein O-glycosylation in native samples with minimum sample requirement. This approach enabled separation of O-glycopeptide isomers, resolution of O-glycosites and O-glycoform, reduction of sample complexity, and increased sensitivity, thus greatly enhancing analysis of the O-glycoproteome of cell lysates, human serum and exosomes. In addition, we found that antibodies in human serum are highly O-glycosylated on variable, especially hypervariable regions and constant regions, which significantly increases antibody diversity. This method was used to successfully identify characteristic O-glycosylation features of autoimmune diseases.
Identification ofFoxPcircuits involved in locomotion and object fixation inDrosophila
Authors: Palazzo Ottavia , Raß Mathias , Brembs Björn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTheFoxPfamily of transcription factors is necessary for operant self-learning, an evolutionary conserved form of motor learning. The expression pattern, molecular function and mechanisms of action of theDrosophila FoxPorthologue remain to be elucidated. By editing the genomic locus ofFoxPwith CRISPR/Cas9, we find that the three differentFoxPisoforms are expressed in neurons, but not in glia and that not all neurons express all isoforms. Furthermore, we detectFoxPexpression in, e.g., the protocerebral bridge, the fan shaped body and in motorneurons, but not in the mushroom bodies. Finally, we discover thatFoxPexpression during development, but not adulthood, is required for normal locomotion and landmark fixation in walking flies. WhileFoxPexpression in the protocerebral bridge and motorneurons is involved in locomotion and landmark fixation, theFoxPgene can be excised from dorsal cluster neurons and mushroom-body Kenyon cells without affecting these behaviors.
CLAMP and Zelda function together to promoteDrosophilazygotic genome activation
Authors: Duan Jingyue Ellie , Rieder Leila E. , Colonnetta Megan M. , Huang Annie , McKenney Mary , Watters Scott , Deshpande Girish , Jordan William T. , Fawzi Nicolas L. , Larschan Erica N. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTDuring the essential and conserved process of zygotic genome activation (ZGA), chromatin accessibility must increase to promote transcription.Drosophilais a well-established model for defining mechanisms that drive ZGA. Zelda (ZLD) is a key pioneer transcription factor (TF) that promotes ZGA in theDrosophilaembryo. However, many genomic loci that contain GA-rich motifs become accessible during ZGA independent of ZLD. Therefore, we hypothesized that other early TFs that function with ZLD have not yet been identified, especially those that are capable of binding to GA-rich motifs such as CLAMP. Here, we demonstrate thatDrosophilaembryonic development requires maternal CLAMP to: 1) activate zygotic transcription; 2) increase chromatin accessibility at promoters of specific genes that often encode other essential TFs; 3) enhance chromatin accessibility to facilitate ZLD occupancy at a subset of key embryonic promoters. Thus, maternal CLAMP functions with ZLD in a pioneer-like role to drive zygotic genome activation.
Raf promotes dimerization of the Ras G-domain with increased allosteric connections
Authors: Packer Morgan , Parker Jillian A. , Chung Jean K. , Li Zhenlu , Lee Young Kwang , Cookis Trinity , Guterres Hugo , Alvarez Steven , Hossain MD Amin , Donnelly Daniel P. , Agar Jeffrey N. , Makowski Lee , Buck Matthias , Groves Jay T. , Mattos Carla 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRas dimerization is critical for Raf activation, yet Ras alone does not dimerize. Here we show that the Ras binding domain of Raf (Raf-RBD) induces robust Ras dimerization at low surface densities on supported lipid bilayers and, to a lesser extent, in solution as observed by size exclusion chromatography and confirmed by SAXS. Community network analysis based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show robust allosteric connections linking the two Raf-RBD D113 residues, located in the Galectin scaffold protein binding site of each Raf-RBD molecule and 85 Å apart on opposite ends of the dimer complex. Our results suggest that Raf-RBD binding and Ras dimerization are concerted events that lead to a high-affinity signaling complex at the membrane that we propose is an essential unit in the macromolecular assembly of higher order Ras/Raf/Galectin complexes important for signaling through the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway.
The role of project management office in developing knowledge management infrastructure
Authors: Arbabi Hani , Salehi-Taleshi Mohammad-Javad , Ghods Kian 
Published: July 2020

PurposeKnowledge management (KM) is regarded as an essential factor in project-based organizations (PBOs), leading to organizational learning across projects. Over recent years, most PBOs have inserted project management offices (PMOs) into their hierarchical charts to manage their projects much more coherently. These offices can correspondingly provide KM facilities in PBOs. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between PMO functions and KM infrastructure, as KM enablers in organizations, in Iranian oil and gas upstream PBOs.Design/methodology/approachA two-phase quantitative survey strategy was exercised in this research. The first phase was to investigate the relationship between PMOs and KM infrastructure and to prioritize PMO functions and KM infrastructure based on their existing implementation/establishment status in Iranian oil and gas upstream PBOs. The research participants, identified through the website of the National Iran Oil Company (NIOC), were comprised of 46 oil and gas upstream PBOs which applied for exploration and production (E&P) certificate in Iran in 2016 and 2017. Accordingly, a total number of 46 questionnaires were submitted to the aforementioned companies with a return rate of 41 cases. The second phase was fulfilled questioning 19 Iranian oil and gas industry experts to determine the one-to-one effect of PMO functions on KM infrastructure and to verify the first-phase results.FindingsThe results indicated a strong relationship between PMO functions and KM infrastructure. This relationship was significant with regard to “practice management” and “technical support”, having the most considerable connections with KM infrastructure. According to the first-phase results, the main functions of PMOs in Iranian oil and gas industry were “practice management” and “technical support”. Considering KM infrastructure, “structure” showed the lowest mean value while “culture”, “human resources” and “processes and procedures” obtained the highest scores. The results also demonstrated that PMO functions could lead to more improvements in “processes and procedures”, as a sub-component of KM infrastructure, compared with other sub-components. Furthermore, the oil and gas industry experts believed that “organizational culture” in KM could be shaped by most of PMO functions.Originality/valueThis study fulfilled the need for exploring the relationship between PMO functions and KM since academic literature lacked a thorough investigation, to the best of authors' knowledge, pertaining to the effects of PMO functions on KM development in oil and gas PBOs.
Linking paternalistic leadership to follower's innovative work behavior: the influence of leader–member exchange and employee voice
Authors: Nazir Sajjad , Shafi Amina , Asadullah Muhammad Ali , Qun Wang , Khadim Sahar 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study examines the serial mediation mechanism between paternalistic leadership and innovative work behavior through the leader–member exchange (LMX) and employee voice behavior. Particularly, this study utilized the social exchange theory to investigate the indirect effect of three distinct dimensions of paternalistic leadership style on innovative work behavior through LMX and employee voice behavior.Design/methodology/approachSelf-reported questionnaires were used to collect data from 397 employees in Pakistan. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsThe two dimensions of paternalistic leadership were significantly related to LMX. LMX had a significant effect on employee voice behavior that was further related to innovative work behavior. The findings also support the mediating role of LMX between authoritarian and moral leadership and employee voice. Further, LMX and employee voice boosted the indirect relationship between moral leadership and innovative behavior. However, authoritarian leadership demonstrated a significant but negative indirect effect on innovative behavior through LMX and employee voice.Practical implicationsThe organizational members need to encourage a high LMX and voice behavior to enhance the positive effects of benevolent and moral leadership styles on innovative employee behaviors. Contrarily, they need to discourage authoritarian leadership if they want to enhance innovative work behavior through LMX and employee voice. Furthermore, when leaders provide a safe environment to employees at the workplace, then they may feel secure to take risks and exhibit innovative work behavior, which ultimately contributes to increasing employee and organizational performance.Originality/valueThis study extended the existing literature on paternalistic leadership in two important ways. First, this study examined a serial mediation mechanism to test the effect of paternalistic leadership on innovative work behavior through LMX and voice behavior. Second, this is a key study to investigate which dimension of paternalistic leadership is effective to boost employees' innovative work behavior at the individual level in the Pakistani organizational context.
CCTV and robbery in high-rise public housing in Hong Kong
Authors: Chow Lina , Mawby Rob I. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
In Hong Kong, robberies occurring in the elevators in high-rise buildings were identified as a particular problem and the purpose of this paper is to address a dedicated programme aimed at reducing such offences.

Design/methodology/approach
A comparison of elevator-based robbery statistics over a ten-year policy-implication period, in two police districts, one with a high rate of public ownership and a traditionally high rate of elevator robberies, the second with a higher rate of private ownership and a traditionally lower rate of such robberies.

Findings
The evidence suggests that the programme was successful, with such robberies declining significantly and with no evidence of displacement.

Research limitations/implications
This research is based on police statistics. There is a need for more research, for example, investigating residents’ involvement with the system and the extent to which it encouraged shared ownership of the initiative.

Practical implications
What is clear is that, where in the West the Newman legacy led to the demonisation of high-rise public sector housing, in Hong Kong, where there is no viable alternative, the use of CCTV helped transform such areas into safer communities.

Social implications
The rate of robbery, most notably elevator-based robbery, fell dramatically, improving community safety.

Originality/value
Though there has been a considerable amount of research on the impact of CCTV on crime, almost all of this has focussed on Western industrial societies and little of it has addressed robbery. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this research is the first in Hong Kong, and the first to evaluate the impact of CCTV on robbery.
Actual and ideal roles of school staff to support students with special needs: current needs and strategies for improvement
Authors: Anaby Dana R. , Ianni Lina , Héguy Léa , Camden Chantal 
Published: July 2020

To optimise school‐based service delivery for students with disabilities, it is important to understand roles and needs of school staff. This study aimed to clarify ideal and actual roles of school staff (teachers, special educators, administrators) working with students with special needs, and to identify potential strategies to support actual roles. Ninety‐five school personnel (64% teachers) from 3 different elementary schools and school boards in Quebec completed a 14‐question survey. Open‐ended responses were coded and analysed thematically. Common actual roles included task adaptation, offering individualized support, being available and teamwork. Respondents felt roles could improve through in‐context professional support, continuing education, teamwork opportunities extending to partnerships with families and access to resources. Clarifying roles and expectations within a tiered‐model to best support students also emerged, emphasizing the importance of sharing responsibilities across all service providers. Findings can guide implementation strategies and processes for providing effective services, enabling inclusion for students.
Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, barrier integrity, and inflammatory response in broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress
Authors: Li Qiufen , Wan Gen , Peng Chengying , Xu Lanjiao , Yu Yingmei , Li Lin , Li Guanhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the protective effects of probiotic on heat stress‐induced intestinal injury and inflammatory response in broilers. A total of 180 male broilers were randomly allocated to three treatments with four replicates each from 22 to 42 days of age. The broilers were either raised under thermoneutral (TN) conditions (23 ± 1°C) or subjected to cyclic heat stress (28–35–28°C for 12 hr daily). The broilers kept at TN conditions were fed a basal diet, and those exposed to heat stress were fed basal diets supplemented with or without probiotic at a dose of 1.5 × 108 cfu/kg. Compared with the TN group, heat stress decreased (p < .05) the growth performance, reduced (p < .05) villus height and villus height: crypt depth ratio in intestinal mucosa, increased (p < .05) serum levels of D‐lactic acid on day 28 and endotoxin, TNF‐α and IL‐6 on day 42, and decreased (p < .05) serum IL‐10 content on day 42. Dietary supplementation of probiotic reversed (p < .05) all these changes except for the growth performance in heat‐stressed broilers. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of probiotic could improve intestinal morphology and barrier function, alleviate inflammatory response, but exert no ameliorative effect on growth performance of broilers under cyclic heat stress.
Targeting zinc metalloenzymes in coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Doboszewska Urszula , Wlaź Piotr , Nowak Gabriel , Młyniec Katarzyna 
Published: July 2020

Several lines of evidence support a link between the essential element zinc and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). An important fact is that zinc is present in proteins of humans and of viruses. Some zinc sites in viral enzymes may serve as drug targets and may liberate zinc ions, thus leading to changes in intracellular concentration of zinc ions, while increased intracellular zinc may induce biological effects in both the host and the virus. Drugs such as chloroquine may contribute to increased intracellular zinc. Moreover, clinical trials on the use of zinc alone or in addition to other drugs in the prophylaxis/treatment of COVID‐19 are ongoing. Thereby, we aim to discuss the rationale for targeting zinc metalloenzymes as a new strategy for the treatment of COVID‐19.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID‐19. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc
Shedding light on the roles of liver X receptors in cancer by using chemical probes
Authors: Pontini Lorenzo , Marinozzi Maura 
Published: July 2020

Nuclear receptors, liver X receptor‐α (LXRα; NR1H3) and liver X receptor‐β (LXRβ; NR1H2), are considered master regulators of lipid homeostasis. During the last couple of decades, their pivotal roles in several physiological and pathological processes ranging from energy supply, immunity, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer have been highlighted. In this review, the main results achieved during more recent years about our understanding of the LXR involvement in cancer has been mainly obtained using small‐molecule chemical probes. Remarkably, all these probes, albeit having different structure and biological properties, have a well demonstrated anti‐tumoral activity arising from LXR modulation, indicating a high potential of LXR targeting for the treatment of cancer.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc
Integrated electronic health record facilitates a safer and more efficient rural outreach haematology service
Authors: Cashman Helen , Mayson Eleni , Kliman David , Kesby Janet , Bell Jennifer , Vachalec Sue , Withers Barbara , Lavee Orly , Milliken Sam , Moore John , Hamad Nada 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRural Australian oncology patients are known to have inferior mortality rates compared to metropolitan patients, possibly related to access to appropriate healthcare services and treatments. Electronic systems improve the safety of chemotherapy administration and allow easily accessible patient information and data collection.AimsTo integrate the electronic healthcare delivery systems at a metropolitan hospital and a rural outreach haematology clinic to facilitate streamlined and safe outpatient care.MethodsThe MOSAIQ v2.64(Elekta) system utilised at St Vincent's Hospital was introduced at a linked rural outreach haematology clinic. The two separate comprehensive practice management systems incorporating all patient information were consolidated into one, becoming accessible from both sites.ResultsThe electronic systems were successfully integrated between the two sites in October 2017. Electronic chemotherapy prescribing at the Griffith site is now guided by inbuilt, pharmacist‐reviewed protocols thereby improving the safety and flexibility of remote prescribing. The centralised electronic health record has improved streamlined care during patient transitions between the two hospitals with enhanced continuity of documentation and management. Increases in total clinic patients and appointment numbers are demonstrable since implementation, and sustained during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionThe present study provides a novel example of the successful implementation of a centralised electronic healthcare record and chemotherapy prescribing system in a haematology setting shared between a metropolitan service and a rural outreach hospital clinic. This has positive implications for the safety and efficiency of healthcare delivery at the rural site applicable to all linked rural Australian clinics, as well as allowing data collection to assist future planning of the service.