bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacity of the common Arctic picoeukaryote Micromonas to adapt to a warming ocean
Authors: Benner Ina , Irwin Andrew J. , Finkel Zoe V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhytoplankton are sensitive to temperature and other environmental conditions expected to change with warming over the next century. We quantified the capacity of an ecologically dominant Arctic phytoplankton species, Micromonas polaris, to adapt to changes in temperature, increased temperature and irradiance, and increased temperature and periodic nitrogen starvation, over several hundred generations. When originally isolated, this strain of Micromonas had its maximum growth rate at 6°C, and its growth rate declined above 10°C. We find an evolutionary increase in growth rate, with the largest increases associated with the elevated temperature treatments, especially when combined with repeated nitrate starvation. After several hundred generations of exposure, the growth rate of Micromonas under 13°C almost doubled and was higher than under 6°C. This increase in growth rate is consistent with the Arrhenius model of temperature effects on metabolism and suggests a general hypothesis for the evolutionary potential of phytoplankton to respond evolutionarily to temperature change.
Understanding the roles of three academic communities in a prospective learning health ecosystem for diagnostic excellence
Authors: Satterfield Katherine , Rubin Joshua C. , Yang Daniel , Friedman Charles P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInaccurate, untimely, and miscommunicated medical diagnoses represent a wicked problem requiring comprehensive and coordinated approaches, such as those demonstrated in the characteristics of learning health systems (LHSs). To appreciate a vision for how LHS methods can optimize processes and outcomes in medical diagnosis (diagnostic excellence), we interviewed 32 individuals with relevant expertise: 18 who have studied diagnostic processes using traditional behavioral science and health services research methods, six focused on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches, and eight multidisciplinary researchers experienced in advocating for and incorporating LHS methods, ie, scalable continuous learning in health care. We report on barriers and facilitators, identified by these subjects, to applying their methods toward optimizing medical diagnosis. We then employ their insights to envision the emergence of a learning ecosystem that leverages the tools of each of the three research groups to advance diagnostic excellence. We found that these communities represent a natural fit forward, in which together, they can better measure diagnostic processes and close the loop of putting insights into practice. Members of the three academic communities will need to network and bring in additional stakeholders before they can design and implement the necessary infrastructure that would support ongoing learning of diagnostic processes at an economy of scale and scope.
Fast Chemo‐Responsive Shape Memory of Stretchable Polymer Nanocomposite Aerogels Fabricated by One‐Step Method
Authors: Wang Changchun , Wang Meiqing , Ying Sanjiu , Gu Jianping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new type of stretchable poly(caprolactone)/graphene oxide (PCL/GO) aerogel with fast chemo‐responsive shape memory effect is fabricated by one‐step method of a sol‐gel procedure. The PCL/GO aerogels show uniformly circular and interconnected pores formed by twisted PCL nanolayers. GO platelets improve the crystallinity of PCL and increase the fracture stress and strain by 150% and 300% respectively, although the GO loading is only 0.5%. The dramatic increment of break strain is attributed to the uniform and circular pores that can afford large deformation and the interaction of GO and PCL. The aerogels can be programmed by external stress at ambient temperature without heating and recover upon ethyl acetate (EA) in 1 s. The fast chemo‐responsive shape recovery is ascribed to the fast wrinkle of the PCL nanolayers that decrease the diffusion time greatly and the interconnected micrometer pores that are in favor of penetrating for EA molecules.
Curcumin enhances radiosensitization of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating circRNA network
Authors: Yang Jiabin , Zhu Daoqi , Liu Shiya , Shao Meng , Liu Ying , Li Aiwu , Lv Ying , Huang Mu , Lou Dandan , Fan Qin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the regulation of gene expression in different physiological and pathological processes. These macromolecules can act as microRNA (miRNA) sponges and play an important role as gene regulators throughout the circRNA‐miRNA pathway. In this study, we established a radioresistance model with the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE‐2, and then analyzed the differences in the circRNAs between radioresistant and normal nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines using a high‐throughput microarray. Tested circRNAs included 1042 upregulated and 1558 downregulated circRNAs. Relevant signaling pathways associated with the circRNAs and their target miRNAs were analyzed using bioinformatics analysis to determine the radioresistance of the differentially expressed circRNAs. Curcumin was used to treat irradiated cell lines, and changes in the circRNA before and after curcumin treatment were analyzed to investigate the radiosensitization effects of curcumin. The results showed that curcumin could regulate the circRNA‐miRNA‐messenger RNA network and inhibit the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), and growth factor receptor‐bound protein 2 (GRB2) to achieve radiosensitization. Thus, circRNA acted as a miRNA sponge and regulated the expression of miRNA, thereby affecting EGFR, STAT3, and GRB2 expression and radiosensitization.
Agonists and inhibitors of the STING pathway: Potential agents for immunotherapy
Authors: Wu Jun‐Jun , Zhao Lang , Hu Hong‐Guo , Li Wen‐Hao , Li Yan‐Mei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSince being discovered in 2008, the STING (stimulator of interferon genes) pathway has gradually been recognized as a central and promising target for immunotherapy. The STING pathway can be stimulated by cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), leading to the type I interferons (IFN) production for immunotherapy for cancer or other diseases. However, the negative charges, hydrophilicity, and instability of CDNs have hindered their further applications. In addition, chronic activation of the STING pathway has been found to be involved in autoimmune diseases as IFN overproduction. Thus, research and development of STING agonists and inhibitors has been a hot field for the treatment of several diseases. The past several years, especially 2018, has seen increasingly rapid advances in this field. Here, this review summarizes the synthesis and modification of CDNs, the identification of nonnucleotide agonists, the recent progress in delivery systems and the medical applications, such as personalized vaccine adjuvants, in detail. In addition, in this review, we summarize the STING inhibitors’ advances from two aspects, covalent, and noncovalent inhibitors.
Effects of consanguinity in a cohort of subjects with certain genetic disorders in Qatar
Authors: Ben‐Omran Tawfeg , Al Ghanim Kaltham , Yavarna Tarunashree , El Akoum Maha , Samara Muthanna , Chandra Prem , Al‐Dewik Nader 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundConsanguineous marriages are common in the Middle East including the Gulf countries. The rate of consanguinity in Qatar is approximately 54%, which are mainly first cousins’ marriages. Previous studies showed that consanguinity increases the prevalence of birth defects and other genetic disorders. Thus, we studied the effects of consanguinity in a cohort of subjects with certain genetic disorders in Qatar.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted at two centers in Qatar (Hamad Medical Corporation “HMC” and Shafallah “SC”) including 599 Qatari families with certain types of genetic and nongenetic anomalies.ResultsConsanguineous marriages were seen in 397 of 599 (66.2%) Qatari families and first cousin group counts for 65% in Qatari population. In the total cohort and at HMC, all consanguineous marriages had a significantly higher risk of Autosomal Recessive disorders than nonconsanguineous marriages (total cohort: odds ratio (OR) = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.71; p = .02; HMC: OR = 2.98; 95% CI: 1.37, 6.09; p = .005). On the other hand, at HMC, nonconsanguinity was significantly related to chromosomal abnormality (OR = 6.36; 95% CI: 1.13, 35.85; p = .036).ConclusionOur data suggest a significant role of parental consanguinity in increasing the prevalence of genetic disorders; mainly Autosomal Recessive disorders. Chromosomal abnormality disorders were significantly higher among nonconsanguineous marriages. These results help better inform policy makers on social, educational, and public health initiatives that might mitigate the impact of genetic disease in the Qatari society.
The quadratic‐phase Fourier wavelet transform
Authors: Prasad Akhilesh , Sharma P. B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we define the quadratic‐phase Fourier wavelet transform (QPFWT) and discuss its basic properties including convolution for QPFWT. Further, inversion formula and the Parseval relation of QPFWT are also discussed. Continuity of QPFWT on some function spaces are studied. Moreover, some applications of quadratic‐phase Fourier transform (QPFT) to solve the boundary value problems of generalized partial differential equations.
A Lesson‐like convergent equation for the phase noise of an oscillator with 1/f noise
Authors: Murgulescu Mihai H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLeeson's well‐known equation for the phase noise of an oscillator diverges at offset frequencies approaching zero. A Leeson‐like convergent equation is derived for oscillators which have 1/f noise. The derived equation is a good approximation for oscillators used in wireless applications.
Compact implantable antenna design for MICS and ISM band biotelemetry applications
Authors: Usluer Merve , Cetindere Besra , Basaran Siddik Cumhur 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA dual‐band implantable complementary split‐ring (CSR) antenna is proposed for Medical Implant Communication Services (MICS) and Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands biotelemetry applications. The proposed antenna is printed on a grounded RO3010 substrate and the total size of the compact design is only 14 × 14 × 1.27 mm3. The metallic top layer of the antenna is composed of three homocentric rectangular CSR elements and slots inserted between the rings. While the slots are used for fine frequency tuning, a shorting pin appropriately placed between the top copper radiator and the ground plane is utilized for miniaturization purpose. In order to improve impedance matching and enhance bandwidths of the antenna, we employ a hook‐shaped slot in the ground plane. The proposed implantable CSR antenna (ICSRA) is fed by a coaxial probe. The proposed ICSRA was fabricated and measured in two different gels mimicking the real human skin tissue at the MICS and ISM bands. Also, a prototype of ICSRA was measured in a real skin sample obtained from a donor rat for in vivo verification. The ICSRA provides 23.5% bandwidth at 460 MHz and 12% bandwidth at 2.34 GHz and it exhibits acceptable radiation pattern characteristics at the respective bands. The specific absorption rate values of the antenna satisfy the limits set by standard safety guidelines.
Presurgical resting‐state functional MRI language mapping with seed selection guided by regional homogeneity
Authors: Hsu Ai‐Ling , Chen Henry Szu‐Meng , Hou Ping , Wu Changwei W. , Johnson Jason M. , Noll Kyle R. , Prabhu Sujit S. , Ferguson Sherise D. , Kumar Vinodh A. , Schomer Donald F. , Chen Jyh‐Horng , Liu Ho‐Ling 
Published: December 2019

PurposeResting‐state functional MRI (rs‐FMRI) has shown potential for presurgical mapping of eloquent cortex when a patient’s performance on task‐based FMRI is compromised. The seed‐based analysis is a practical approach for detecting rs‐FMRI functional networks; however, seed localization remains challenging for presurgical language mapping. Therefore, we proposed a data‐driven approach to guide seed localization for presurgical rs‐FMRI language mapping.MethodsTwenty‐six patients with brain tumors located in left perisylvian regions had undergone task‐based FMRI and rs‐FMRI before tumor resection. For the seed‐based rs‐FMRI language mapping, a seeding approach that integrates regional homogeneity and meta‐analysis maps (RH+MA) was proposed to guide the seed localization. Canonical and task‐based seeding approaches were used for comparison. The performance of the 3 seeding approaches was evaluated by calculating the Dice coefficients between each rs‐FMRI language mapping result and the result from task‐based FMRI.ResultsWith the RH+MA approach, selecting among the top 6 seed candidates resulted in the highest Dice coefficient for 81% of patients (21 of 26) and the top 9 seed candidates for 92% of patients (24 of 26). The RH+MA approach yielded rs‐FMRI language mapping results that were in greater agreement with the results of task‐based FMRI, with significantly higher Dice coefficients (P < .05) than that of canonical and task‐based approaches within putative language regions.ConclusionThe proposed RH+MA approach outperformed the canonical and task‐based seed localization for rs‐FMRI language mapping. The results suggest that RH+MA is a robust and feasible method for seed‐based functional connectivity mapping in clinical practice.
A population‐based study of long‐term outcome in treated chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Al‐Zuhairy Ali , Sindrup Søren H. , Andersen Henning , Jakobsen Johannes 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe effect of long‐lasting immune‐modulating therapy was studied in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).MethodsA population‐based, cross‐sectional study of treated patients referred to the Danish health‐care system between 1985 and 2006.ResultsThe 51 participating patients had a median disease duration of 16 (interquartile range, 14–21) years. Twenty‐seven patients (53%) had discontinued therapy and 46 walked independently. Disability and isokinetic strength were impaired by 17% and 20%, respectively, as compared with matched control subjects. For a few patients long‐term CIDP was associated with severe morbidity (6%) and even mortality (1%). Prolongation of time until start of therapy was associated with an increased burden of long‐term disability.DiscussionLong‐term prognosis in treated CIDP is characterized by limited disability in the majority of patients. Disability is related to delay of therapy. Therefore, more attention should be given to early treatment start in CIDP.
A micromechanical‐based elasto‐viscoplastic model for the Callovo‐Oxfordian argillite: Algorithms, validations, and applications
Authors: Zeng Tao , Shao Jian‐Fu , Yao Yao 
Published: December 2019

SummaryFor a potential geological barrier of high‐level radioactive waste repositories in France, the long‐term mechanical behavior of the Callovo‐Oxfordian (COx) argillite is the most concern for engineers. In this paper, a micromechanical‐based elasto‐viscoplastic model is proposed, and its numerical realization is our main object. The COx argillite is considered as a three‐phase composite consists of porous clay, quartz, and calcite. By assigning appropriate constitutive laws to those constituents, the macroscopic elasto‐viscoplastic behavior of the COx argillite is determined with an extended Hill's incremental approach. The numerical aspects includes (a) a new formulation is proposed for the plastic multiplier when adopting the overstress (Perzyna) model to define the viscoplastic strain. Meanwhile, a new formulation is also proposed to solve it within the framework of an implicit returning mapping scheme. (b) The corresponding consistent tangent moduli are strictly derived by extending the method proposed for solving plastic problems; (c) the efficiency of the proposed integration algorithms for the local constitutive equations and the homogenization procedure are validated, receptively, by a built‐in porous plasticity model of a commercial finite element (FE) program ABAQUS and by FE computations of a two‐phase unit cell; and (d) the proposed micromechanical model is finally applied to simulate experiment data in short‐term triaxial compression tests and long‐term triaxial creep tests. And the numerical results show that it is able to reflect the variation of the mechanical behavior with respect to the varied mineralogical compositions.
Multiple brief training sessions to improve nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and confidence regarding nursing care of older adults with depression in long‐term care facilities
Authors: Lee Chia‐Chi , Tseng Huei‐Chi , Wu Lee‐Pin , Chuang Yeu‐Hui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn long‐term care facilities (LTCFs), nurses are key healthcare providers for older residents who have depressive symptoms or depression; therefore, they need accurate knowledge of late‐life depression, positive attitudes towards depression, and confidence in providing depression care. This cluster‐randomized trial was designed to examine the effectiveness of multiple, face‐to‐face, brief training sessions in improving nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in providing late‐life depression care in LTCFs. Nine LTCFs were included in the study. In total, 30 nurses from the four LTCFs assigned to the intervention group received three 30‐min training sessions and 36 nurses in the five comparison group LTCFs did not. A self‐report questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention. There were significant differences between groups concerning improvement in nurses’ knowledge of late‐life depression, attitudes towards depression, and confidence in providing depression care. The effect size (Cohen's d) was 1.55 for knowledge, 1.38 for attitudes, and 0.89 for confidence. This training program was effective in improving LTCF nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in providing depression care. On the basis of these findings, we recommend that nurse managers and directors implement similar training programs for nurses in LTCFs to enhance the care quality for older residents.
It takes two: uptake of carrier screening among male reproductive partners
Authors: Giles Choates Meagan , Stevens Blair K. , Wagner Chelsea , Murphy Lauren , Singletary Claire N. , Wittman A. Theresa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe uptake of carrier screening by male reproductive partners of prenatal and preconception patients.MethodsA retrospective database review of all prenatal and preconception patients seen for genetic counseling in Maternal Fetal Medicine clinics was performed. Descriptive statistics and chi‐square analysis were used on the data set.ResultsWithin the study period, 6087 patients were seen for genetic counseling, of whom 661 were identified as a carrier of an autosomal recessive disorder by their referring provider or genetic counselor. Despite guidelines recommending partner testing for risk clarification when a woman is known to be a carrier of an autosomal recessive condition, only 41.5% male partners elected carrier screening to clarify the couple's reproductive risk, with a majority of males (75%) having screening consecutively. Of all assessed variables, the only significant predictors of male carrier screening uptake were female parity and earlier gestational age (p < .0001, and p = .001, respectively).ConclusionWith less than half of male partners pursuing carrier screening when indicated, its utility becomes severely diminished. More research is needed to explore reasons why males elect or decline carrier screening.
3D printing materials for generators of active particles based on electrical discharges
Authors: Mikeš Jan , Pekárek Stanislav , Babčenko Oleg , Hanuš Ondřej , Kákona Jakub , Štenclová Pavla 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, we focus our attention on the impact of ozone (O3) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) on materials usable for three‐dimensional (3D) printing. Specifically, we have studied the potential degradative effect on the most commonly used filaments, such as polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS). The effect has been examined on objects printed on a 3D printer and on the materials of discharge chambers of O3 generators from which they were printed. For the purpose of adequate assessment of the actual impact of O3 and UV, samples were monitored for a period of 18‐hr of exposure. The methods of Raman spectroscopy, optical and scanning electron microscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) have been employed for an objective evaluation of potential modifications. A generator equipped with a chamber printed from a new PLA filament and an active electrode system in the form of a stripes electrode, or more precisely, in the second case, a honeycomb‐active electrode, both cut out of a thin copper foil, was used for the generation of O3 and UV radiation. The tested materials showed substantial resistance to O3 exposure under the test conditions. The result of measurements suggested that these materials could be used for chambers for the O3 as well as for active particle generation.
Internal Structure Tailoring in 3D Nanoplasmonic Metasurface for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Jiang Tao , Goel Pratibha , Zhao Hui , Ma Rui , Zhu Linghua , Liu Xiangjiang , Tang Longhua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTunable nanoplasmonic metasurfaces have resulted in many versatile platforms for sensing applications including surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐based detection. However, to date, their fabrication still faces challenges in uniformity, repeatability, and controllability. Here, a novel large‐area and hierarchical nanoplasmonic array with controlled internal structure and tunable plasmonic properties is reported, relying on controllably tailoring the single nanosphere on a uniform double‐layered array into a well‐defined nanoflower structure. The fabrication involves colloidal self‐assembly, lithography, and plasmonic metal coating. First, a uniformly distributed double‐layered colloidal array is fabricated via an ethanol‐assisted self‐assembly technique. Next, with the help of inductively coupled plasma dry etching, the lower layer is transformed to the nanoflower array with well‐defined petal shape. Subsequently, a gold film with controlled thickness is deposited onto the nanoflower structured array, resulting in a tunable optical and SERS‐active enhancement effect. Furthermore, 3D finite‐difference time‐domain simulation shows multiple enhancement sites inside the nanoflower array. Such a brand‐new 3D structured array has the potential for varied applications, ranging from SERS sensors to light regulation.