bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are religious customers skeptical toward sexually appealing advertising?
Authors: Sugiarto Catur , de Barnier Virginie 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to shed new light on the consumer response toward sex appeal in advertising and investigates ad skepticism in a culturally diverse context.

Design/methodology/approach
By using the qualitative research methodology, the following study draws upon informant opinions regarding the extent of graphic nudity in print advertising is needed to avoid undesirable reactions from potential consumers and how religiosity influences their attitudes toward sexually appealing advertisements. The information was obtained through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 22 interviewees from four groups, namely, academia, advertising practitioners, religious figures and general consumers.

Findings
The remarkable findings to emerge from the interviews relate to the following: the role of religiosity vis-à-vis nudity and the “lowering of the gaze” concept in Islam, the objectification and stereotypical portrayals of women, the irrational depiction of sexuality and intimacy and factors that lead to contextual interpretation.

Research limitations/implications
The result provides further evidence that skepticism does not only exist on a cognitive basis but also on an emotional level as a response to the exaggeration, unrealistic and irritating claims made in some adverts.

Practical implications
This study suggests that advertisers should advance their cultural comprehension by taking into account the moral and social differences.

Originality/value
This has been the first study to investigate the skepticism toward sex appeal in advertising and integrate both cognitive and affective context of skepticism.
Female child with hematidrosis of the palm: Case report and published work review
Authors: Murota Hiroyuki , Kotobuki Yorihisa , Yamaga Kosuke , Yoshioka Yoshichika 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHematidrosis is a rare disorder involving spontaneous excretion of sweat contaminated by blood cells. We report the case of a 6‐year‐old girl with hematidrosis from her palms with no underlying disease or psychotic disorder. Before the onset of this symptom, the patient was given an indoor horizontal exercise bar with which she had been frequently playing. This symptom appeared without apparent triggers and was not associated with subjective symptoms. To examine her hematidrosis, metabolites in the red bodily fluid were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. We found the fluid had a metabolome profile similar to that of eccrine sweat. Pathological analysis revealed no abnormal findings, including expression of the tight junction protein claudin 3. Her symptom decreased after treatment with tap‐water iontophoresis. Here, we describe our case and discuss its etiology by reviewing previous reports.
Ecosystem service provision by road verges
Authors: Phillips Benjamin B. , Bullock James M. , Osborne Juliet L. , Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Roads form a vast, rapidly growing global network that has diverse, detrimental ecological impacts. However, the habitats that border roads (‘road verges’) form a parallel network that might help mitigate these impacts and provide additional benefits (ecosystem services; ES).

We evaluate the capacity of road verges to provide ES by reviewing existing research and considering their relevant characteristics: area, connectivity, shape, and contextual ES supply and demand. We consider the present situation, and how this is likely to change based on future projections for growth in road extent, traffic densities and urban populations.

Road verges not only provide a wide range of ES, including biodiversity provision, regulating services (e.g. air and water filtration) and cultural services (e.g. health and aesthetic benefits by providing access to nature) but also displace other habitats and provide ecosystem disservices (e.g. plant allergens and damage to infrastructure). Globally, road verges may currently cover 270,000 km2 and store 0.015 Gt C/year, which will further increase with 70% projected growth in the global road network.

Road verges are well placed to mitigate traffic pollution and address demand for ES in surrounding ES‐impoverished landscapes, thereby improving human health and well‐being in urban areas, and improving agricultural production and sustainability in farmland. Demand for ES provided by road verges will likely increase due to projected growth in traffic densities and urban populations, though traffic pollution will be reduced by technological advances (e.g. electric vehicles). Road verges form a highly connected network, which may enhance ES provision but facilitate the dispersal of invasive species and increase vehicle–wildlife collisions.

Synthesis and applications. Road verges offer a significant opportunity to mitigate the negative ecological effects of roads and to address demand for ecosystem services (ES) in urban and agricultural landscapes. Their capacity to provide ES might be enhanced considerably if they were strategically designed and managed for environmental outcomes, namely by optimizing the selection, position and management of plant species and habitats. Specific opportunities include reducing mowing frequencies and planting trees in large verges. Road verge management for ES must consider safety guidelines, financial costs and ecosystem disservices, but is likely to provide long‐term financial returns if environmental benefits are considered.
Hesperidin attenuates altered redox homeostasis in an experimental hyperlipidaemic model of rat
Authors: Kumar Raushan , Akhtar Farhan , Rizvi Syed Ibrahim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDiets rich in saturated fats and cholesterol contribute to the incidence of hyperlipidaemia. An altered lipid profile is a major factor responsible for the development of CVD. Male Wistar rats were fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD) (suspension (w/v) of 0.5% cholesterol, 3% coconut oil and 0.25% cholic acid for 30 days) to induce an experimental hyperlipidaemic model. High‐fat diet fed rats were also supplemented with hesperidin (100 mg/kg body weight). The present study reports reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress parameters: malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), oxidation of plasma protein (AOPP), and advance glycation end products (AGEs); antioxidant defence parameters: ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), reduced glutathione (GSH), Paraoxonase‐1 (PON‐1), plasma membrane redox system (PMRS); general biochemical parameters: triglyceride, cholesterol, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), fasting insulin, fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance (Homa‐IR) index, and inflammatory biomarkers: interleukin (IL)‐6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. Experimental hyperlipidaemia was found to be associated with significantly higher body weight (27.58%), cholesterol (140%), triglyceride (190%), and fasting glucose level (37%). Reactive oxygen species production (67%), MDA (28.9%), AOPP (31.42%), PCO (58.53%), and PMRS (156%), inflammatory markers, cytokines IL‐6 and TNF‐α, were elevated and GSH (50%), PON 1 (37.07%), and FRAP (26.58%) activity were significantly (P < .05) lower in the high‐fat diet group. Hesperidin supplementation protected HFD‐fed rats from oxidative damage. Our findings indicate that the supplementation of hesperidin provides protection against redox imbalance induced by hyperlipidaemia in rats.
The false smut pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens requires rice stamens for false smut ball formation
Authors: Fan Jing , Liu Jie , Gong Zhi‐You , Xu Pei‐Zhou , Hu Xiao‐Hong , Wu Jin‐Long , Li Guo‐Bang , Yang Juan , Wang Yu‐Qiu , Zhou Yu‐Feng , Li Shuang‐Cheng , Wang Li , Chen Xiao‐Qiong , He Min , Zhao Ji‐Qun , Li Yan , Huang Yan‐Yan , Hu Dong‐Wei , Wu Xian‐Jun , Li Ping , Wang Wen‐Ming 
Published: December 2019

SummaryRice false smut has emerged as a serious grain disease in rice production worldwide. The disease is characterized by the transformation of individual rice florets into false smut balls, which is caused by the fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens. To date, little is known about the host factors required for false smut ball formation by U. virens. In this study, we identified histological determinants for the formation of false smut balls by inoculating U. virens into rice floral mutants defective with respect to individual floral parts. The results showed that U. virens could form mature false smut balls in rice floral mutants with defective pistils, but failed to develop false smut balls in the superwoman mutant lacking stamens, identifying that U. virens requires rice stamens to complete its infection cycle. Comparative transcriptome analysis indicated a list of candidate host genes that may facilitate nutrient acquisition by U. virens from the rice stamens, such as SWEET11, SWEET14 and SUT5, and genes involved in the biosynthesis of trehalose and raffinose family sugars. These data pinpoint rice stamens as the key target organ of U. virens infection and provide a valuable starting point for dissecting the molecular mechanism of false smut ball formation.
Identification of four caspase genes from Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their regulations toward different apoptotic stimulations
Authors: Yu Huan , Li Zi‐Qi , Ou‐Yang Yi‐Yi , Huang Guo‐Hua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractApoptosis plays critical roles in multiple biological processes in multicellular organisms. Caspases are known as important participators and regulators of apoptosis. Here, four novel caspase genes of Spodoptera exigua were cloned and characterized, which were designated as SeCasp‐1, SeCasp‐6, SeCasp‐7 and SeCasp‐8. Analysis of the putative encoded protein sequences of these SeCasps indicated that SeCasp‐1 and SeCasp‐7 were possible homologs of executor caspases; SeCasp‐8 was a possible homolog of initiator caspases; and SeCasp‐6 was a unique caspase of S. exigua that shares low similarity with all the identified insect caspases. Based on baculovirus expression system analyses, SeCasp‐1 exhibited similar caspase activity to human caspase‐1, ‐3, ‐4, ‐6, ‐8 and ‐9; SeCasp‐6 presented similar caspase activity to human caspase‐2, ‐3, ‐4, ‐6, ‐8 and ‐9; SeCasp‐7 exhibited similar caspase activity to human caspase‐2, ‐3 and ‐6; and SeCasp‐8 presented similar caspase activity only to human caspase‐8. Induction with different chemicals revealed that SeCasp‐1 showed extreme upregulation after 24 h in the treated fat body cell line (IOZCAS‐Spex‐II) of S. exigua. Developmental expression analysis revealed that SeCasp‐1 was highly transcribed in the larval stages, while SeCasp‐6, SeCasp‐7, SeCasp‐8 were down‐regulated. The in vivo detection of the relative expression levels of SeCasps in S. eixgua larvae inoculated with different pathogens suggested that SeCasp‐1 was sensitive to Bacillus thuringiensis infection and that SeCasp‐6 was sensitive to baculovirus infection. SeCasp‐7 and SeCasp‐8 showed slight changes under either in vitro chemical apoptosis induction or in vivo pathogen infection.
Insufficient awareness and vaccination practices for inflammatory bowel disease patients in China: A multi‐center survey of Chinese gastroenterologists
Authors: Li Shu Yan , Li Pei Wei , Shen Bo , Zhi Min , Gu Yu Bei , Wang Xin Ying , Guo Hong , Li Yue , Fan Yi Hong , Yang Bo Lin , Xue Meng , Wang Xiao Ying , Lv Min Fang , Li Yan , Ye Bin , Zhu Xin Jian , Chen Yan 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveThe prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasing worldwide, and the risk of infection has increased due to the use of immunosuppressive and biologic medications. Some of these infections can be prevented with vaccinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vaccination practices of Chinese gastroenterologists for patients with IBD.MethodsQuestionnaires based on quick response codes were sent using email and the WeChat platform to gastroenterologists at 20 hospitals in China. The vaccination practices of the gastroenterologists, including vaccinating for hepatitis B, hepatitis A, and varicella, were assessed.ResultsOf the 468 gastroenterologists who received the questionnaire, 307 (65.6%) completed it. Of the gastroenterologists who were most concerned about hepatitis B; 83.4% always or frequently asked about an infection history, 53.7% took an immunization history, and 73.6% tested patients for hepatitis B infection. However, few gastroenterologists did so for hepatitis A or varicella. The proportion of patients who were asked about an infection and immunization history and tested for varicella infection was 16.0%, 15.0%, and 9.4%, respectively. Only a few gastroenterologists recommended vaccination for patients without an infection before IBD medical treatment (26.7% for hepatitis A, 45.6% for hepatitis B, and 28% for varicella vaccination).ConclusionVaccination practices for patients with IBD used by Chinese gastroenterologists vary greatly, suggesting that education about immunization is needed.
Long‐term outcome in children with juvenile dermatomyositis: A single‐center study from north India
Authors: Sharma Avinash , Gupta Anju , Rawat Amit , Suri Deepti , Singh Surjit 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionJuvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the commonest childhood inflammatory myopathy. Outcome of children with JDM has improved significantly with current treatment protocols. We undertook this study to evaluate long‐term outcome of these children using validated outcome measures.MethodsAll children diagnosed as JDM and on follow‐up for more than 2 years were eligible for enrolment. Cross‐sectional examination was performed to assess signs of disease activity, damage, physical function and complications by using multiple validated outcome measures/tools.ResultsThirty‐seven patients were enrolled, 19 were male. Median duration of disease at time of enrolment was 73 months (range 24‐219 months) and median duration of follow‐up was 60 months (range 24‐218 months). Disease course was monocyclic in two‐thirds of patients. Eight children were still on therapy at the time of enrolment. On Manual Muscle Testing 8, 3 and 7 children had severe weakness and mild to moderate weakness, respectively. Neck flexors were the most commonly affected muscle group. On abbreviated Cutaneous Assessment Tool, 14 children had evidence of cutaneous activity. More than 50% had at least 1 sign of cutaneous damage, most common signs being calcinosis and lipodystrophy. Nearly two‐thirds of patients had damage in at least 1 organ using Myositis Damage Index. Nine children had physical dysfunction when assessed by Child Health Assessment Questionnaire.ConclusionsSkin disease continued to be active in a significant proportion of patients. Features of damage, namely calcinosis and lipodystrophy, were seen in more than half. Muscle disease normalized in a large proportion of patients.
Institutional investors, controlling shareholders and CEO pay‐performance relationship: evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Dan , Ma Shiguang , Pan Xiaofei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing a large sample of China’s listed firms between 2005 and 2015, we find that domestic mutual funds have a positive effect on the CEO pay‐performance relationship, and this effect becomes stronger when their ownership is higher and closer to the controlling shareholder’s ownership. This effect is stronger in non‐state‐owned enterprises (non‐SOEs), firms facing weaker industry competition incentives, and firms located in more developed regions. However, Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (QFIIs) do not have such an influence. Overall, our study contends that the effectiveness of institutional investors’ monitoring role is subject to their identity, controlling shareholders and institutional environments.
Evaluation of purely accelerated six fractions per week radiotherapy in postoperative oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rath Satyajeet , Khurana Rohini , Sapru Shantanu , Rastogi Madhup , Gandhi Ajeet K. , Hadi Rahat , Sahni Kamal , Mishra Surendra P. , Srivastava Anoop K. , Syedkather Farzana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesRandomized controlled trials have shown improved loco‐regional control (LRC) and disease‐free survival (DFS) by modest acceleration using six fractions per‐week radiotherapy (RT) as compared to conventional fractionation in patients of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We aimed to evaluate the role of pure modestly accelerated fractionated radiotherapy (PM‐ART) using six fractions per‐week in patients of postoperative oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).Materials and MethodsBetween May 2015 and July 2016, 40 OCSCC patients with ≥ 1 indication of RT were treated with adjuvant PM‐ART, 60 Gray in 30 fractions over 5 weeks by three‐dimensional conformal technique on a linear accelerator with a sixth 2 Gray fraction on Saturday using same fields. Primary endpoint was to assess acute toxicity, which was reviewed weekly during RT using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria.ResultsMaximal grade 3 oral mucositis, pharynx/esophageal toxicity, and skin toxicity were seen in 77.5%, 25%, and 17.5%, respectively. Two patients had grade 4 mucositis. 47.5% were on tube feeding during RT. All the patients were taken off Ryle's tube within 4 weeks of RT completion. The median RT completion duration was 36 days. Three patients had treatment interruptions. With a median follow‐up of 21.2 months, the 2‐year LRC, DFS, and overall survival rates were 87.5%, 83.5%, and 85%, respectively. There were two distant failures.ConclusionPM‐ART is feasible and tolerable. The high acute mucositis rates did not result in increased consequential late toxicity.
Bureaucratic Responsiveness to LGBT Americans
Authors: Lowande Kenneth , Proctor Andrew 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMarriage rights were extended to same‐sex couples in the United States in 2015. However, anecdotes of bureaucratic noncompliance (in the form of bias or denial of license issuance) raise the possibility that de jure marriage equality has not led to equality in practice. We investigate this by conducting a nationwide audit experiment of local‐level marriage license–granting officials in the United States. These officials vary in the constituencies they serve, as well as how they are selected, allowing us to evaluate long‐standing hypotheses about bureaucratic responsiveness. Overall, we find no evidence of systematic discrimination against same‐sex couples—regardless of responsiveness measure, institutions, ideology, or prior state legal history. We find, however, that among same‐sex couples, officials tended to be more responsive to lesbian couples. In contrast to evidence in other areas of service provision, such as policing and federal assistance programs, we find bureaucrats tasked with provision of marriage services show little evidence of discrimination.
An international multidisciplinary consensus statement on fasting before procedural sedation in adults and children
Authors: Green S. M. , Leroy P. L. , Roback M. G. , Irwin M. G. , Andolfatto G. , Babl F. E. , Barbi E. , Costa L. R. , Absalom A. , Carlson D. W. , Krauss B. S. , Roelofse J. , Yuen V. M. , Alcaino E. , Costa P. S. , Mason K. P. ,   the International Committee for the Advancement of Procedural Sedation
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe multidisciplinary International Committee for the Advancement of Procedural Sedation presents the first fasting and aspiration prevention recommendations specific to procedural sedation, based on an extensive review of the literature. These were developed using Delphi methodology and assessment of the robustness of the available evidence. The literature evidence is clear that fasting, as currently practiced, often substantially exceeds recommended time thresholds and has known adverse consequences, for example, irritability, dehydration and hypoglycaemia. Fasting does not guarantee an empty stomach, and there is no observed association between aspiration and compliance with common fasting guidelines. The probability of clinically important aspiration during procedural sedation is negligible. In the post‐1984 literature there are no published reports of aspiration‐associated mortality in children, no reports of death in healthy adults (ASA physical status 1 or 2) and just nine reported deaths in adults of ASA physical status 3 or above. Current concerns about aspiration are out of proportion to the actual risk. Given the lower observed frequency of aspiration and mortality than during general anaesthesia, and the theoretical basis for assuming a lesser risk, fasting strategies in procedural sedation can reasonably be less restrictive. We present a consensus‐derived algorithm in which each patient is first risk‐stratified during their pre‐sedation assessment, using evidence‐based factors relating to patient characteristics, comorbidities, the nature of the procedure and the nature of the anticipated sedation technique. Graded fasting precautions for liquids and solids are then recommended for elective procedures based upon this categorisation of negligible, mild or moderate aspiration risk. This consensus statement can serve as a resource to practitioners and policymakers who perform and oversee procedural sedation in patients of all ages, worldwide.
Effects of tracheal intubation and tracheal tube position on regional lung ventilation: an observational study
Authors: Lumb A. B. , Savic L. , Horsford M. R. , Hodgson S. R. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryAnaesthesia and positive pressure ventilation cause ventral redistribution of regional ventilation, potentially caused by the tracheal tube. We used electrical impedance tomography to map regional ventilation during anaesthesia in 10 patients with and without a tracheal tube. We recorded impedance data in subjects who were awake, during bag‐mask ventilation, with the tracheal tube positioned normally, rotated 90° to each side and advanced until in an endobronchial position. We recorded the following measurements: ventilation of the right lung (proportion, %); centre of ventilation (100% = entirely ventral); global inhomogeneity (0% = homogenous); and regional ventilation delay, an index of temporal heterogeneity. We compared the results using Student's t‐tests. Relative to subjects who were awake, anaesthesia with bag‐mask ventilation reduced right‐sided ventilation by 5.6% (p = 0.002), reduced regional ventilation delay by 1.6% (p = 0.025), and moved the centre of ventilation ventrally from 51.4% to 58.2% (p = 0.0001). Tracheal tube ventilation caused a further centre of ventilation increase of 1.3% (p = 0.009). With the tube near the carina, right‐sided ventilation increased by 3.2% (p = 0.031) and regional ventilation delay by 2.8% (p = 0.049). Tube rotation caused a 1.6% increase in right‐sided ventilation compared with normal position (p = 0.043 left and p = 0.031 right). Global inhomogeneity remained mostly unchanged. Ventral ventilation with positive pressure ventilation occurred with bag‐mask ventilation, but was exacerbated by a tracheal tube. Tube position influenced ventilation of the right and left lungs, while ventilation overall remained homogenous. Tube rotation in either direction resulted in ventilation patterns being closer to when awake than either bag‐mask ventilation or a normally positioned tube. These results suggest that even ideal tube positioning cannot avoid the ventral shift in ventilation.