bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microlensing of radially pulsating stars
Authors: Sajadian Sedighe , Ignace Richard 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we study the microlensing of radially pulsating stars. It is possible to discern and characterize the properties of distant, faint pulsating stars using high-cadence microlensing observations. By combining the stellar variability period with microlensing, we can obtain the source distance, type and radius, and we can better determine the lens parameters. Considering the variations in the radius and surface temperature of radially pulsating stars periodically, their microlensing light curves can be obtained by multiplying the magnification factor with a variable finite size effect by the intrinsic brightness curves of the pulsing source. The variable finite size of the source due to pulsation can be significant for transit and single microlensing with caustic-crossing features. This type of deviation in the magnification factor is considerable when the ratio of the source radius to the projected lens–source distance is in the range of ρ⋆/u ∈ [0.4, 10] and when its duration is short and of the same order as the time of crossing the source radius. Other deviations due to variable source intensity and its area make coloured and periodic deviations, which are asymmetric with respect to the signs of the pulsation phase. The positive phase makes deviations with larger amplitude than the negative phase. These deviations dominate in filters with short wavelengths (e.g. the B band). The position of the magnification peaks in the microlensing of variable stars varies and this displacement differs in different filters.
The role of wind driving in OB star bow nebulae
Authors: Struck Curtis 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Bow-shaped mid-infrared (mid-IR) emission regions have been discovered in satellite observations of numerous late-type O and early-type B stars with moderate velocities relative to the ambient interstellar medium. Previously, hydrodynamical bow shock models have been used to study this emission. It appears that such models are incomplete in that they neglect kinetic effects associated with long mean free paths of stellar wind particles, and the complexity of Weibel instability fronts. Wind ions are scattered in the Weibel instability and mix with the interstellar gas. However, they do not lose their momentum and most ultimately diffuse further into the ambient gas like cosmic rays, and share their energy and momentum. Lacking other coolants, the heated gas transfers energy into interstellar dust grains, which radiate it. This process, in addition to grain photoheating, provides the energy for the emission. A weak R-type ionization front, formed well outside the IR emission region, generally moderates the interstellar gas flow into the emission region. The theory suggests that the IR emission process is limited to cases of moderate stellar peculiar velocities, evidently in accord with the observations.
On rising magnetic flux tube and formation of sunspots in a deep domain
Authors: Hotta H , Iijima H 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the rising flux tube and the formation of sunspots in an unprecedentedly deep computational domain that covers the whole convection zone with a radiative magnetohydrodynamics simulation. Previous calculations had shallow computational boxes (&lt;30 Mm) and convection zones at a depth of 200 Mm. By using our new numerical code Radition and RSST for Deep Dynamics(r2d2), we succeed in covering the whole convection zone and reproduce the formation of the sunspot from a simple horizontal flux tube because of the turbulent thermal convection. The main findings are as follows. (1) The rising speed of the flux tube is larger than the upward convection velocity because of the low density caused by the magnetic pressure and the suppression of the mixing. (2) The rising speed of the flux tube exceeds 250 m s−1 at a depth of 18 Mm, while we do not see any clear evidence of the divergent flow 3 h before the emergence at the solar surface. (3) Initially, the root of the flux tube is filled with the downflows, and then the upflow fills the centre of the flux tube during the formation of the sunspot. (4) The essential mechanisms for the formation of the sunspot are the coherent inflow and the turbulent transport. (5) The low-temperature region is extended to a depth of at least 40 Mm in the matured sunspot, with the high-temperature region in the centre of the flux tube. Some of the findings indicate the importance of the deep computational domain for the flux emergence simulations.
Stability analysis of three exoplanet systems
Authors: Marshall J P , Horner J , Wittenmyer R A , Clark J T , Mengel M W 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The orbital solutions of published multiplanet systems are not necessarily dynamically stable on time-scales comparable to the lifetime of the system as a whole. For this reason, dynamical tests of the architectures of proposed exoplanetary systems are a critical tool to probe the stability and feasibility of the candidate planetary systems, with the potential to point the way towards refined orbital parameters of those planets. Such studies can even help in the identification of additional companions in such systems. Here, we examine the dynamical stability of three planetary systems, orbiting HD 67087, HD 110014, and HD 133131A. We use the published radial velocity measurements of the target stars to determine the best-fitting orbital solutions for these planetary systems using the systemic console. We then employ the N-body integrator mercury to test the stability of a range of orbital solutions lying within 3σ of the nominal best fit for a duration of 100 Myr. From the results of the N-body integrations, we infer the best-fitting orbital parameters using the Bayesian package astroemperor. We find that both HD 110014 and HD 133131A have long-term stable architectures that lie within the 1σ uncertainties of the nominal best fit to their previously determined orbital solutions. However, the HD 67087 system exhibits a strong tendency towards instability on short time-scales. We compare these results to the predictions made from consideration of the angular momentum deficit criterion, and find that its predictions are consistent with our findings.
Cluster membership for the long-period Cepheid calibrator SV Vul
Authors: Negueruela I , Dorda R , Marco A 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Classical Cepheids represent the first step of the distance scale ladder. Claims of tension between the locally calculated Hubble constant and the values deduced from Planck’s results have sparked new interest in these distance calibrators. Cluster membership provides an independent distance measurement, as well as astrophysical context for studies of their stellar properties. Here, we report the discovery of a young open cluster in the vicinity of SV Vul, one of the most luminous Cepheids known in the Milky Way. Gaia DR2 data show that SV Vul is a clear astrometric and photometric member of the new cluster, which we name Alicante 13. Although dispersed, Alicante 13 is moderately well populated, and contains three other luminous stars, one early-A bright giant and two low-luminosity red supergiants. The cluster is about 30 Ma old at a nominal distance of 2.5 kpc. With this age, SV Vul should have a mass around $10$ M⊙, in good accordance with its luminosity, close to the highest luminosity for Cepheids allowed by recent stellar models.
Variation of the sticking of methanol on low-temperature surfaces as a possible obstacle to freeze out in dark clouds
Authors: Gadallah K A K , Sow A , Congiu E , Baouche S , Dulieu F 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Sticking of gas-phase methanol on different cold surfaces – gold, 13CO, and amorphous solid water (ASW) ice – was studied as a function of surface temperature (7–40 K). In an ultrahigh-vacuum system, reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and temperature-programmed desorption methods were simultaneously used to measure methanol sticking efficiency. Methanol band strengths obtained by RAIRS vary greatly depending on the type of the surface. Nevertheless, both methods indicate that the sticking of methanol on different surfaces varies with surface temperature. The sticking efficiency decreases by 30${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ as the surface temperature goes from 7 to 16 K, then gradually increases until the temperature is 40 K, reaching approximately the initial value found at 7 K. The sticking of methanol differs slightly from one surface to another. At low temperature, it has the lowest values on gold, intermediate values on water ice, and the highest values are found on CO ice, although these differences are smaller than those observed with temperature variation. There exists probably a turning point during the structural organization of methanol ice at 16 K, which makes the capture of methanol from the gas phase less efficient. We wonder if this observation could explain the surprising high abundance of gaseous methanol observed in dense interstellar cores, where it should accrete on grains. In this regard, a 30${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ reduction of the sticking is not sufficient in itself but transposed to astrophysical conditions dominated by cold gas (∼15 K), which could reduce the sticking efficiency by two orders of magnitude.
Responsibility, Reflection, and Rational Ability
Authors: Kay Nelkin Dana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper takes as its starting point the thesis that one is responsible for one’s actions insofar as one has the ability to act for good reasons. Such a view faces a challenge: it is plausible that only beings with the ability to reflect are responsible agents, and yet it seems that not only is it possible to act for reasons without reflecting, it seems to happen quite frequently. Thus, advocates of the rational-ability view of responsibility must either reject as a necessary condition that responsible agents must have the ability to reflect, or locate a plausible role for reflective ability. In this paper, I propose and assess a variety of ways to meet this challenge.
Determinants of cyclization–decyclization kinetics of short DNA with sticky ends
Authors: Jeong Jiyoun , Kim Harold D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cyclization of DNA with sticky ends is commonly used to measure DNA bendability as a function of length and sequence, but how its kinetics depend on the rotational positioning of the sticky ends around the helical axis is less clear. Here, we measured cyclization (looping) and decyclization (unlooping) rates (kloop and kunloop) of DNA with sticky ends over three helical periods (100-130 bp) using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). kloop showed a nontrivial undulation as a function of DNA length whereas kunloop showed a clear oscillation with a period close to the helical turn of DNA (∼10.5 bp). The oscillation of kunloop was almost completely suppressed in the presence of gaps around the sticky ends. We explain these findings by modeling double-helical DNA as a twisted wormlike chain with a finite width, intrinsic curvature, and stacking interaction between the end base pairs. We also discuss technical issues for converting the FRET-based cyclization/decyclization rates to an equilibrium quantity known as the J factor that is widely used to characterize DNA bending mechanics.
SynergyFinder 2.0: visual analytics of multi-drug combination synergies
Authors: Ianevski Aleksandr , Giri Anil K , Aittokallio Tero 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
SynergyFinder (https://synergyfinder.fimm.fi) is a stand-alone web-application for interactive analysis and visualization of drug combination screening data. Since its first release in 2017, SynergyFinder has become a widely used web-tool both for the discovery of novel synergistic drug combinations in pre-clinical model systems (e.g. cell lines or primary patient-derived cells), and for better understanding of mechanisms of combination treatment efficacy or resistance. Here, we describe the latest version of SynergyFinder (release 2.0), which has extensively been upgraded through the addition of novel features supporting especially higher-order combination data analytics and exploratory visualization of multi-drug synergy patterns, along with automated outlier detection procedure, extended curve-fitting functionality and statistical analysis of replicate measurements. A number of additional improvements were also implemented based on the user requests, including new visualization and export options, updated user interface, as well as enhanced stability and performance of the web-tool. With these improvements, SynergyFinder 2.0 is expected to greatly extend its potential applications in various areas of multi-drug combinatorial screening and precision medicine.
The nature of the purine at position 34 in tRNAs of 4-codon boxes is correlated with nucleotides at positions 32 and 38 to maintain decoding fidelity
Authors: Pernod Ketty , Schaeffer Laure , Chicher Johana , Hok Eveline , Rick Christian , Geslain Renaud , Eriani Gilbert , Westhof Eric , Ryckelynck Michael , Martin Franck 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Translation fidelity relies essentially on the ability of ribosomes to accurately recognize triplet interactions between codons on mRNAs and anticodons of tRNAs. To determine the codon-anticodon pairs that are efficiently accepted by the eukaryotic ribosome, we took advantage of the IRES from the intergenic region (IGR) of the Cricket Paralysis Virus. It contains an essential pseudoknot PKI that structurally and functionally mimics a codon-anticodon helix. We screened the entire set of 4096 possible combinations using ultrahigh-throughput screenings combining coupled transcription/translation and droplet-based microfluidics. Only 97 combinations are efficiently accepted and accommodated for translocation and further elongation: 38 combinations involve cognate recognition with Watson-Crick pairs and 59 involve near-cognate recognition pairs with at least one mismatch. More than half of the near-cognate combinations (36/59) contain a G at the first position of the anticodon (numbered 34 of tRNA). G34-containing tRNAs decoding 4-codon boxes are almost absent from eukaryotic genomes in contrast to bacterial genomes. We reconstructed these missing tRNAs and could demonstrate that these tRNAs are toxic to cells due to their miscoding capacity in eukaryotic translation systems. We also show that the nature of the purine at position 34 is correlated with the nucleotides present at 32 and 38.
Effect of 2′-5′/3′-5′ phosphodiester linkage heterogeneity on RNA interference
Authors: Habibian Maryam , Harikrishna S , Fakhoury Johans , Barton Maria , Ageely Eman A , Cencic Regina , Fakih Hassan H , Katolik Adam , Takahashi Mayumi , Rossi John , Pelletier Jerry , Gagnon Keith T , Pradeepkumar P I , Damha Masad J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We report on the synthesis of siRNAs containing both 2′-5′- and 3′-5′-internucleotide linkages and their effects on siRNA structure, function, and interaction with RNAi proteins. Screening of these siRNAs against their corresponding mRNA targets showed that 2′-5′ linkages were well tolerated in the sense strand, but only at a few positions in the antisense strand. Extensive modification of the antisense strand minimally affected 5′-phosphorylation of the siRNA by kinases, however, it negatively affected siRNA loading into human AGO2. Modelling and molecular dynamics simulations were fully consistent with these findings. Furthermore, our studies indicated that the presence of a single 5′p-rN1-(2′-5′)-N2 unit in the antisense strand does not alter the ‘clover leaf’ bend and sugar puckers that are critical for anchoring the 5′-phosphate to Ago 2 MID domain. Importantly, 2′-5′-linkages had the added benefit of abrogating immune-stimulatory activity of siRNAs. Together, these results demonstrate that 2′-5′/3′-5′-modified siRNAs, when properly designed, can offer an efficient new class of siRNAs with diminished immune-stimulatory responses.
Renoprotective effects of sucroferric oxyhydroxide in a rat model of chronic renal failure
Authors: Neven Ellen , Corremans Raphaëlle , Vervaet Benjamin A , Funk Felix , Walpen Sebastian , Behets Geert J , D’Haese Patrick C , Verhulst Anja 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionSucroferric oxyhydroxide (PA21) is an efficacious, well-tolerated iron-based phosphate binder and a promising alternative to existing compounds. We compared the effects of PA21 with those of a conventional phosphate binder on renal function, mineral homeostasis and vascular calcification in a chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) rat model.MethodsTo induce stable renal failure, rats were administered a 0.25% adenine diet for 8 weeks. Concomitantly, rats were treated with vehicle, 2.5 g/kg/day PA21, 5.0 g/kg/day PA21 or 3.0 g/kg/day calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Renal function and calcium/phosphorus/iron metabolism were evaluated during the study course. Renal fibrosis, inflammation, vascular calcifications and bone histomorphometry were quantified.ResultsRats treated with 2.5 or 5.0 g/kg/day PA21 showed significantly lower serum creatinine and phosphorus and higher ionized calcium levels after 8 weeks of treatment compared with vehicle-treated rats. The better preserved renal function with PA21 went along with less severe anaemia, which was not observed with CaCO3. Both PA21 doses, in contrast to CaCO3, prevented a dramatic increase in fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 and significantly reduced the vascular calcium content while both compounds ameliorated CKD-related hyperparathyroid bone.ConclusionsPA21 treatment prevented an increase in serum FGF-23 and had, aside from its phosphate-lowering capacity, a beneficial impact on renal function decline (as assessed by the renal creatinine clearance) and related disorders. The protective effect of this iron-based phosphate binder on the kidney in rats, together with its low pill burden in humans, led us to investigate its use in patients with impaired renal function not yet on dialysis.
MPs’ Constituency Orientation in the Absence of Electoral Districts: The Case of Extreme Proportional Electoral Systems
Authors: Itzkovitch-Malka Reut 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article examines MPs’ constituency orientation in two of the most ‘extreme’ cases of proportional representation, Israel and the Netherlands. Both countries are considered as limiting cases, providing evidence of the type of geographically based representation we are likely to see when there are no electoral institutions which encourage a geographical link between voters and representatives. While the literature predicts the geographical connection between voters and representatives in extreme proportional electoral systems to be minimal, this article finds this to hold true for the Netherlands but not for Israel. It then seeks to find factors explaining variation in MPs’ constituency orientation in the absence of electoral incentives.
Analysis of SCN9A Gene Variants for Acute and Chronic Postoperative Pain and Morphine Consumption After Total Hysterectomy
Authors: Yeo Junjie , Sia Alex T , Sultana Rehana , Sng Ban Leong , Tan Ene-Choo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit gene (SCN9A) have been associated with pain in various settings. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the SNPs to evaluate the influence of common gene variants on chronic postoperative pain (CPSP) and other related pain variables in a cohort of patients who underwent a scheduled hysterectomy.

Methods
DNA samples from a cohort of 1,075 patients who underwent a scheduled total hysterectomy in our hospital were genotyped for three common SCN9A SNPs using TaqMan assays. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to quantify the association between independent covariates such as pain threshold, pain endurance, pain scores, morphine use, and the presence of chronic pain.

Results
Frequencies of the minor alleles were different between the different ethnic groups. There was a statistically significant association of rs16851799 with morphine consumption and self-reported postoperative pain for the 1,038 subjects genotyped, with the TT genotype reporting higher pain and using more morphine. For the subpopulation of 446 subjects with chronic pain data, there was a similar association with self-reported postoperative pain and tolerance of pressure pain. Univariate analysis also showed a statistically significant association of rs16851799 with CPSP, whereas multivariable analysis revealed a similar association of rs4387806 with this outcome. There were three haplotypes with different relative frequencies for the CPSP and non-CPSP groups.

Conclusions
Our results showed that SCN9A polymorphisms could play a role in acute pain perception and the susceptibility to chronic pain.
Implied Stochastic Volatility Models
Authors: Aït-Sahalia Yacine , Li Chenxu , Li Chen Xu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes “implied stochastic volatility models” designed to fit option-implied volatility data and implements a new estimation method for such models. The method is based on explicitly linking observed shape characteristics of the implied volatility surface to the coefficient functions that define the stochastic volatility model. The method can be applied to estimate a fully flexible nonparametric model, or to estimate by the generalized method of moments any arbitrary parametric stochastic volatility model, affine or not. Empirical evidence based on S&P 500 index options data show that the method is stable and performs well out of sample.
CONVERSION FACTOR FROM DOSEMETER READING TO AIR KERMA FOR NUCLEAR WORKER USING ANTHROPOMORPHIC PHANTOM FOR FURTHER CONVERSION FROM AIR KERMA TO ORGAN-ABSORBED DOSE
Authors: Furuta Hiroshige , Tsujimura Norio , Nishide Akemi , Kudo Shin’ichi , Saigusa Shin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Estimation of cancer risk based on the organ-absorbed dose is underway for the Japanese Epidemiological Study on Low-Dose Radiation Effects (J-EPISODE). The reconstruction method for the organ-absorbed dose follows the approach adopted in the IARC 15-Country Collaborative Study, which examined the dosemeter response to photon exposure for the old film badge (FB) type, a multi-element FB and a thermoluminescence dosemeter. Until 2000, the dosemeters used in Japan were almost the same in the IARC study, so IARC study data could be used as they were. However, since 2000, the type of dosemeter has been replaced with active personal dosemeters (hereafter called electronic personal dosemeters), radio-photoluminescent glass dosemeters (Glass badge) and optically stimulated luminescence dosemeters (Luminess badge). Hence, it was necessary to collect these data again. A dosemeter response experiment was conducted using a device that irradiated an anthropomorphic phantom in the Japan Atomic Energy Agency calibration laboratories. The aim of the paper is to provide a conversion factor from reading in terms of Hp(10) to air kerma for realistic conditions for further conversion from air kerma to organ-absorbed dose. The obtained dosemeter responses for the dosemeter types currently used in Japan were consistent with those in the IARC study. These data will be utilized for J-EPISODE in reconstructing the organ-absorbed dose.