bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intimate partner violence among prenatal care attendees amidst the COVID‐19 crisis: The incidence in Ethiopia
Authors: Teshome Abel , Gudu Wondimu , Bekele Delayehu , Asfaw Mariamawit , Enyew Ruhama , Compton Sarah D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the incidence and predictors of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted at the prenatal care clinic of St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, among pregnant women from 31 August to 2 November 2020. Participants were interviewed using Open Data Kit. Logistic regression was used to assess predictors.ResultsAmong the 464 pregnant women, 33 (7.1%) reported IPV during pregnancy, and among these 24 (72.7%) reported emotional violence, 16 (48.5%) reported sexual violence, and 10 (30.3%) reported physical violence. Among the study participants, only 8 (1.7%) were screened for IPV. IPV was reported 3.27 times more often by women who reported that their partner chewed Khat compared with those women whose partner did not (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45–7.38), and 1.52 times more often women who reported that their partner drank alcohol compared with those women whose partner did not (aOR 1.52; 95% CI 1.01–2.28).ConclusionVery few women were screened for IPV. Partners drinking alcohol and chewing Khat are significantly positively associated with IPV during pregnancy. IPV screening should be included in the national management protocol of obstetric cases of Ethiopia.
The significance of anatomic tumor location in gallbladder cancer
Authors: Leigh Natasha , Pletcher Eric , Solomon Daniel , Sarpel Umut , Labow Daniel M. , Magge Deepa R. , Golas Benjamin J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCurrent management guidelines recognize the impact of hepatic versus peritoneal sided gallbladder cancers (GBC) on survival. However, no data exist regarding the significance of anatomic tumor location within the gallbladder.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed all GBC that underwent surgical resection with curative intent in our health system from 2007 to 2017. We evaluated the effect of anatomic pathologic tumor location (fundus/body, neck, and multifocal) on clinicopathologic, perioperative, and oncologic outcomes.ResultsAbout 97 patients met criteria; 63% fundus/body, 22% multifocal, and 15% neck. Compared with fundus/body, neck tumors more frequently presented with preoperative jaundice (53% vs. 13%, p < .001), were smaller (20 mm vs. 30 mm, p = .068) and had significantly more biliary tree invasion (33% vs. 13%, p = .030) on histopathology. Although tumor characteristics (pTNM stage, liver invasion, lymphovascular invasion, prognostic nutritional index, and grade) were similar, neck tumors had significantly higher rates of R0 resection (53% vs. 11%, p < .001). Rates of adjuvant therapy were similar. Median PFS was similar between cohorts (p = .356). However, median overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in neck (21 months) than fundus/body tumors (NR > 109 months), p = .015.ConclusionsNeck tumors were rare, small and more likely to result in jaundice secondary to biliary tree invasion. Despite higher R0 resection rates, these tumors had significantly worse OS.
Robotic rectal surgery: Outcomes of the first 102 totally robotic cases handled using the single‐docking technique in a reference institution
Authors: Denadai Marcos V. A. , Melani Armando G. F. , Neto Maximiliano C. , Romagnolo Luis G. C. , Diniz Felipe D. , Véo Carlos A. R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveRectal cancer is often surgically treated, but it is still associated with morbidity rates. Minimally invasive techniques are increasingly being used to reduce complications, and the use of such techniques can be found in the literature. This study aims to report our experience in a reference oncology center.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed on a prospective database of patients who underwent robotic surgery for rectal cancer using the single‐docking technique from September 2014 to April 2018. Clinical and surgical variables, as well as morbidity and mortality rates, were analyzed.ResultsOne hundred and two patients underwent robotic surgery. Intraoperative complications occurred in six patients (4.9%), and postoperative complications in 24 patients (23.5%), of which anastomotic fistula represented 3.9%. The conversion rate was 1.96%. Two cases (1.9%) faced death within 30 days. The median length of hospitalization was 3 days. The median number of lymph nodes dissected was 15. Clinical and surgical data were correlated with postoperative complications, and no statistically significant differences were found.ConclusionRobotic surgery is a safe and feasible approach to manage rectal cancer. The method presents satisfactory results with regard to the rate of operative complications, conversion rate, oncologic outcomes, and length of hospitalization.
Primary mesenteric sarcomas: Collaborative experience from the Trans‐Atlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working Group (TARPSWG)
Authors: Tattersall Hannah L. , Hodson James , Cardona Kenneth , Lee Rachel M. , Nessim Carolyn , Gladdy Rebecca , Van Der Hage Jos , Schrage Yvonne , Tseng William W. , van Houdt Winan , Novak Marko , Grignani Giovanni , Tolomeo Francesco , Goel Neha , Ryon Emily , Gyorki David , Bagaria Sanjay P. , Gonzalez Jose A. , Arnau Ana B. M. , Sayyed Raza , Tirotta Fabio , Evenden Caroline , Desai Anant , Almond Max , Glasbey James , Fiore Marco , Gronchi Alessandro , Ford Samuel J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary mesenteric soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare and limited evidence is available to inform management. Surgical resection is challenging due to the proximity of vital structures and a need to preserve enteric function.ObjectivesTo determine the overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) for patients undergoing primary resection for mesenteric STS.MethodsThe Trans‐Atlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working Group (TARPSWG) is an intercontinental collaborative comprising specialist sarcoma centers. Data were collected retrospectively for all patients with mesenteric STS undergoing primary resection between 2000 and 2019.ResultsFifty‐six cases from 15 institutions were included. The spectrum of pathology was similar to the retroperitoneum, although of a higher grade. R0/R1 resection was achieved in 87%. Median OS was 56 months. OS was significantly shorter in higher‐grade tumors (p = .018) and extensive resection (p < .001). No significant association between OS and resection margin or tumor size was detected. Rates of local recurrence (LR) and distant metastases (DM) at 5 years were 60% and 41%, respectively. Liver metastases were common (60%), reflecting portal drainage of the mesentery.ConclusionPrimary mesenteric sarcoma is rare, with a modest survival rate. LR and DM are frequent events. Liver metastases are common, highlighting the need for surveillance imaging.
Preparation of a zirconium terephthalate metal‐organic framework coated magnetic nanoparticle for the extraction of berberine prior to high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis
Authors: Wang Yuan , Yin Shi‐Jun , Zhao Cong‐Peng , Chen Guo‐Ying , Yang Feng‐Qing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, a zirconium terephthalate metal‐organic framework‐coated magnetic nanoparticle (UiO‐66@PA@PEI@Fe3O4) was synthesized for the extraction of berberine prior to high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. The phytic acid, which could be grafted onto the magnetic nanoparticle through electrostatic interaction with the abundant amino groups of polyethylenimine, possesses outstanding metal ion coordination ability for the immobilization of metal‐organic frameworks UiO‐66. The physicochemical properties of the obtained nanoparticle were thoroughly investigated by a series of characterization techniques. Then, the factors that will affect the extraction efficiency and recovery of berberine were investigated. Results indicated that the material had good stability and reusability, and high adsorption capacity (50.01 mg/g) to berberine through single‐layer adsorption. In addition, a molecular docking study indicated that the interactions between the material and berberine were mainly π‐π stacking and hydrophobic interaction. Finally, the material was successfully applied to the extraction of berberine in Rhizoma Coptidis and Cortex Phellodendri extracts with the recoveries of 76.1% and 71.6%, respectively.
Reconsideration of the phytoplankton seasonality in the open Black Sea
Authors: Yunev Oleg A. , Carstensen Jacob , Stelmakh Ludmila V. , Belokopytov Vladimir N. , Suslin Vyacheslav V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChlorophyll a (Chl a) observations from satellites exhibit a unimodal seasonal variation in the open Black Sea that peaks during winter, which has led to the hypothesis that phytoplankton production is sustained by convective mixing of nitrate from deeper layers. We compiled in situ carbon‐to‐Chl a ratios for the entire year, displaying an expected seasonal pattern ranging from 46 in February to 195 mg C mg Chl−1 in September. We combined monthly ratios with satellite Chl a to obtain a comprehensive proxy data set for phytoplankton carbon biomass, and used this to examine the seasonal variation in phytoplankton biomass and bloom occurrences. Contrary to current understanding, our results showed that phytoplankton accumulation is predominantly taking place from July to September, when biomass increased threefold despite nitrate transport from below being negligible. We hypothesize that nitrate harvesting at depths and endosymbiont nitrogen fixation by large diatoms could be important, albeit unexplored mechanisms.
Summary of third annual MCBK public meeting: Mobilizing computable biomedical knowledge—Accelerating the second knowledge revolution
Authors: Williams Michelle , Richesson Rachel L. , Bray Bruce E. , Greenes Robert A. , McIntosh Leslie D. , Middleton Blackford , Perry Gerald , Platt Jodyn , Shaffer Christopher 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe volume of biomedical knowledge is growing exponentially and much of this knowledge is represented in computer executable formats, such as models, algorithms, and programmatic code. There is a growing need to apply this knowledge to improve health in Learning Health Systems, health delivery organizations, and other settings. However, most organizations do not yet have the infrastructure required to consume and apply computable knowledge, and national policies and standards adoption are not sufficient to ensure that it is discoverable and used safely and fairly, nor is there widespread experience in the process of knowledge implementation as clinical decision support. The Mobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge (MCBK) community was formed in 2016 to address these needs. This report summarizes the main outputs of the third annual MCBK public meeting, which was held virtually from June 30 to July 1, 2020 and brought together over 200 participants from various domains to frame and address important dimensions for mobilizing CBK.
Fabrication of gold nanohybrids modified with antibody and functional dendrimers for targeted photothermal theranostics
Authors: Setiawan Herlan , Yuba Eiji , Harada Atsushi , Aoki Ichio , Kono Kenji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTargeted theranostics can improve benefits of therapeutics or imaging probes by minimizing the dose and by selective delivery to a target site. For this study, a gold nanorod (AuNR)‐based nanohybrid was designed for efficient cancer treatment and diagnosis. The AuNR was functionalized with polyamidoamine dendrimers having poly(ethylene glycol) and Gd‐DOTA residues to provide biocompatibility and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging properties. Furthermore, trastuzumab was conjugated to the obtained nanohybrids to enhance the delivery performance to HER2‐expressing tumor cells. Fabricated nanohybrids possessed uniform hydrodynamic diameter and showed typical surface plasmon absorption, which is useful to convert light energy to heat for photothermal therapy. Nanohybrids exhibited T1‐weighted relaxation and comparable MR imaging property to that of commercially available MR contrast reagent. In vitro experiments demonstrated that photothermal effects of nanohybrid under near infrared (NIR) irradiation were sufficient to kill 80%–90% of cancer cells. The combination of the targeted nanohybrid and NIR laser irradiation strongly suppressed tumor growth and extended the survival of HER2‐positive SKOV3 tumor‐bearing nude mice. Therefore, fabricated nanohybrids are promising for targeted photothermal therapy and imaging.
Increased Association With Malnutrition and Malnourishment in Older Adults Admitted With Hip Fractures Who Have Cognitive Impairment and Delirium, as Assessed by 4AT
Authors: Han Thang S. , Lisk Radcliffe , Osmani Ahmad , Sharmin Rifat , El Gammel Sarah , Yeong Keefai , Fluck David , Fry Christopher H. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe Royal College of Physicians recently introduced the 4AT (Alertness, Abbreviated Mental Test‐4, Attention, and Acute change or fluctuating course) for screening cognitive impairment and delirium. Here, we examined the association of the 4AT with nutrition status in patients admitted to a hospital with hip fractures between January 1, 2016, and June 6, 2019.MethodsNutrition status was assessed using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, and the 4AT was assessed within 1 day after hip surgery. χ2Tests and logistic regression were conducted to assess the association of nutrition status with 4AT scores, adjusted for age and sex.ResultsFrom 1082 patients aged 60–103 years, categorized into 4AT scores of 0, 1–3, or ≥4, the prevalence of malnutrition risk was 15.5%, 27.3%, and 39.6% and malnourishment was 4.1%, 13.2%, and 11.3%, respectively. Compared with the 4AT = 0 cohort, a 4AT score = 1–3 was associated with an increased malnutrition risk (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6–3.1) or malnourishment (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.1–6.3). For a 4AT score ≥4, corresponding ORs were 4.0 (95% CI, 2.8–5.9) and 3.6 (95% CI, 1.9–6.8). Overall, there was a significant positive association: as 4AT scores increased, so did malnutrition risk.ConclusionsAmong older adults admitted with hip fractures, high 4AT scores, which are suggestive of cognitive impairment and delirium, identified patients at increased malnutrition risk. These findings lend further support for the use of 4AT to identify patients who are at increased health risk.
Crypto‐giving and surveillance philanthropy: Exploring the trade‐offs in blockchain innovation for nonprofits
Authors: Howson Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA blockchain is a smart electronic database, distributed to all users, immutably tracking every transaction that has ever taken place between nodes on a network. The technology is being used by some nonprofits to address various operational challenges, including attaching automated conditions to charitable donations facilitated by programmable “crypto‐giving” platforms. Drawing from analysis of technical documents provided by active crypto‐giving projects, this review considers how these platforms enable radical shifts in sectoral power relations through “surveillance philanthropy”. This algorithmic surveillance ensures project funding fully reflects the interests of donors, while potentially restricting nonprofits in meeting the dynamic and complex needs of project beneficiaries. The paper considers the benefit trade‐offs from crypto‐giving platforms in three areas of utilization: (a) new forms of donor engagement and fundraising, (b) new tools for organizational governance, and (c) novel provision of development assistance. Despite the possible efficiency and transparency benefits of crypto‐giving platforms, more research and practitioner engagement is required to ensure the sector's funding is secure and sustainable, without entailing significant risks for proposed beneficiaries.
A combined meshfree exponential Rosenbrock integrator for the third‐order dispersive partial differential equations
Authors: Koçak Hüseyin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to propose a combined numerical treatment for the dispersive partial differential equations involving dissipation, convection and reaction terms with nonlinearity, such as the KdV‐Burgers, KdV and dispersive‐Fisher equations. We use the combination of the exponential Rosenbrock–Euler time integrator and multiquadric‐radial basis function meshfree scheme in space as a qualitatively promising and computationally inexpensive method to efficiently exhibit behavior of such fruitful interactions resulting in antikink, two solitons and antikink‐breather waves. Obtained numerical solutions are compared with the existing results in the literature and discussed using illustrations in detail.
A class of new stable, explicit methods to solve the non‐stationary heat equation
Authors: Kovács Endre 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a class of new explicit and stable numerical algorithms to solve the spatially discretized linear heat or diffusion equation. After discretizing the space and the time variables like conventional finite difference methods, we do not approximate the time derivatives by finite differences, but use constant‐neighbor and linear‐neighbor approximations to decouple the ordinary differential equations and solve them analytically. During this process, the time step size appears not in polynomial, but in exponential form with negative exponents, which guarantees stability. We compare the performance of the new methods with analytical and numerical solutions. According to our results, the methods are first and second order in time and can be much faster than the commonly used explicit or implicit methods, especially in the case of extremely large stiff systems.
Enhancing composition control of alloy nanoparticles from gas aggregation source by in operando optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Drewes Jonas , Vahl Alexander , Carstens Niko , Strunskus Thomas , Polonskyi Oleksandr , Faupel Franz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe use of multicomponent targets allows the gas‐phase synthesis of a large variety of alloy nanoparticles (NPs) via gas aggregation sources. However, the redeposition of sputtered material impacts the composition of alloy NPs, as demonstrated here for the case of AgAu alloy NPs. To enable NPs with tailored Au fractions, in operando control over the composition of the NPs is in high demand. We suggest the use of optical emission spectroscopy as a versatile diagnostic tool to determine and control the composition of the NPs. A strong correlation between operating pressure, intensity ratio of Ag and Au emission lines, and the obtained NP compositions is observed. This allows precise in operando control of alloy NP composition obtained from multicomponent targets.
To err is human, or is it?
Authors: Correa Gustavo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman errors occur for multiple reasons; therefore, multiple preventative actions are needed to avoid different types of error. It is necessary to avoid inadvertently inducing errors or delivering latent conditions (traps) in the workplace that can result in accidents. After reviewing both Reason's and Rasmussen's human error theories, the importance of intervening in the process design to make it difficult for the error occurs stands out. Lack of focus on Human Factors in designing the workplace and/or human machines interfaces can lead to severe losses associated with major accidents.
Strategies for sequential design of experiments and augmentation
Authors: Lu Lu , Anderson‐Cook Christine M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe benefits of sequential design of experiments have long been described for both model‐based and space‐filling designs. However, in our experience, too few practitioners take advantage of the opportunity afforded by this approach to maximize the learning from their experimentation. By obtaining data sequentially, it is possible to learn from the early stages to inform subsequent data collection, minimize wasted resources, and provide answers for a series of objectives for the overall experiment. This paper provides methods and algorithms to create augmented distance‐based space‐filling designs, using both uniform and non‐uniform space‐filling strategies, that can be constructed at each stage based on information learned in earlier stages. We illustrate the methods with several examples that involve different initial data, types of space‐filing designs and experimental goals.
Nonlinear profile monitoring with single index models
Authors: Iguchi Takayuki , Barrientos Andrés F. , Chicken Eric , Sinha Debajyoti 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe consider change‐point detection and estimation in sequences of functional observations. This setting often arises when the quality of a process is characterized by such observations, called profiles, and monitoring profiles for changes in structure can be used to ensure the stability of the process over time. We propose a nonparametric approach using a single index model (SIM), where instead of monitoring the profile itself for a change, we monitor an ‐based statistic on the coefficients generated by the SIM. Through simulation we show our novel method outperforms existing multivariate profile monitoring methods.
Greenhouse gas emissions under winter wheat‐based organic and conventional crop productions
Authors: Sainju Upendra M. , Hatfield Patrick G. , Ragen Devon L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInformation on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in organic crop production using sheep (Ovis aries L.) grazing to control weeds is lacking. We examined GHG emissions from May 2013 to April 2016 under wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)‐based sequences in organic and conventional crop productions in the northern Great Plains. Organic crop production included sheep grazing to control weeds without N application (OCP) and conventional crop production included herbicides, pesticides, and N applications (CCP). Cropping sequences in a 5‐yr rotation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)/sweetclover cover crop [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.]–sweetclover cover crop–winter wheat–lentil (Lens culinaris L.)–winter wheat were lentil after winter wheat (L–W), winter wheat after sweetclover cover crop (W–C), and winter wheat after lentil (W–L). The CO2 and N2O fluxes peaked immediately after tillage, planting, fertilization, intense precipitation, and snowmelt, but CH4 uptake increased in the autumn. Cumulative CO2 flux was lower with OCP than CCP for W–C in 2014–2015 and for W–L in 2015–2016. Cumulative N2O flux was also lower with OCP than CCP for W–C in 2014–2015, but was greater with OCP than CCP for L–W in 2015–2016. Treatments did not affect cumulative CH4 flux. The global warming potential (GWP) was lower with OCP than CCP for W–C in 2014–2015 and for W–L in 2015–2016. Organic crop production using sheep grazing with no chemical input reduced GHG emissions under winter wheat following clover cover crop or lentil compared with conventional crop production using chemical inputs under lentil following winter wheat.