bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping of neuropeptide Y expression in Octopus brains
Authors: Winters Gabrielle C. , Polese Gianluca , Di Cosmo Anna , Moroz Leonid L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY) is an evolutionarily conserved neurosecretory molecule implicated in a diverse complement of functions across taxa and in regulating feeding behavior and reproductive maturation in Octopus. However, little is known about the precise molecular circuitry of NPY‐mediated behaviors and physiological processes, which likely involve a complex interaction of multiple signal molecules in specific brain regions. Here, we examined the expression of NPY throughout the Octopus central nervous system. The sequence analysis of Octopus NPY precursor confirmed the presence of both, signal peptide and putative active peptides, which are highly conserved across bilaterians. In situ hybridization revealed distinct expression of NPY in specialized compartments, including potential “integration centers,” where visual, tactile, and other behavioral circuitries converge. These centers integrating separate circuits may maintain and modulate learning and memory or other behaviors not yet attributed to NPY‐dependent modulation in Octopus. Extrasomatic localization of NPY mRNA in the neurites of specific neuron populations in the brain suggests a potential demand for immediate translation at synapses and a crucial temporal role for NPY in these cell populations. We also documented the presence of NPY mRNA in a small cell population in the olfactory lobe, which is a component of the Octopus feeding and reproductive control centers. However, the molecular mapping of NPY expression only partially overlapped with that produced by immunohistochemistry in previous studies. Our study provides a precise molecular map of NPY mRNA expression that can be used to design and test future hypotheses about molecular signaling in various Octopus behaviors.
Fasciculoventricular bypass tracts: Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic features
Authors: Asvestas Dimitrios , Bazoukis George , Mililis Panagiotis , Dragasis Stelios , Megarisiotou Athanasia , Vlachos Konstantinos , Sideris Antonios , Efremidis Michael , Letsas Konstantinos P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFasciculoventricular accessory pathways are rare variants of preexcitation. The differential diagnosis of fasciculoventricular accessory pathways from other preexcitation variants can be challenging. Based on two cases, we discuss the specific electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic features of fasciculoventricular bypass tracts.
Validity of Ultrasound Imaging in Measuring Quadriceps Muscle Thickness and Cross‐Sectional Area in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Sahathevan Sharmela , Khor Ban‐Hock , Yeong Chai Hong , Tan Teik Hin , Meera Mohaideen Abdul Kareem , Ng Hi Ming , Ong Gild Rick , Narayanan Sreelakshmi Sankara , Abdul Gafor Abdul Halim , Goh Bak Leong , Bee Boon Cheak , Mat Daud Zulfitri 'Azuan , Chinna Karuthan , Karupaiah Tilakavati 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMuscle wasting, prevalent in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients diagnosed with protein‐energy wasting, represents an assessment challenge in the outpatient HD setting. Quadriceps muscle thickness (QMT) and cross‐sectional area (CSA) assessment by ultrasound (US) is a potential surrogate measure for muscle wasting. We aimed to determine the validity of US to measure QMT and CSA against the gold standard—computed tomography (CT).MethodsTwenty‐six patients on HD underwent US and CT scans on the same day, postdialysis session. QMT for rectus femoris (RF) and vastus intermedius (VI) muscles was taken at the midpoint (MID) and two‐thirds (2/3) of both thighs and CSA of the RF muscle (RFCSA), respectively. Correlation between US and CT measurements was determined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland‐Altman plot.ResultsICC (95% CI) computed between US and CT was 0.94 (0.87–0.97), 0.97 (0.93–0.99), 0.94 (0.87–0.97), 0.94 (0.86–0.97), and 0.92 (0.83–0.97) for RFMID, VIMID, RF2/3, VI2/3, and RFCSA, respectively (all P < 0.001). Bland‐Altman analysis indicated no bias in agreement between both methods.ConclusionThe US imaging offers a valid and quick bedside assessment approach to assess muscle wasting in HD patients.
Enteral Nutrition Administration Record Prescribing Process Using Computerized Order Entry: A New Paradigm and Opportunities to Improve Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Kamel Amir Y. , Rosenthal Martin D. , Citty Sandra W. , Marlowe Brenda L. , Garvan Cynthia S. , Westhoff Lynn , Marker Peggy S. , Croft Chasen A. , Brakenridge Scott C. , Efron Philip A. , Mohr Alicia , Moore Frederick A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence of malnutrition has been reported in 60% of hospitalized and up to 78% of patients admitted to intensive care units. Malnutrition has been associated with complications, such as infection, increased hospital length of stay, morbidity, and mortality. Nutritional support has been shown to reduce avoidable readmissions, pressure ulcers, malpractice claims, and hospital costs. Creating a new electronic nutrition administration record (ENAR) with a linked nutrition tab within the electronic health record (EHR) would promote enhanced patient outcomes by improving adherence to established institutional enteral nutrition (EN) protocols and achieving early energy goals. Additionally, it would enable a clear and standardized method for documentation and administration of EN therapy.MethodsThe multidisciplinary nutrition support team was established and met on a weekly basis to discuss strategies and barriers, identify stakeholders, evaluate the current state, and establish a process and workflow from the point of order entry, delivery, administration, and electronic documentation of orders of EN supplements. The aim of this article is to describe a systematic approach and process of creating a new ENAR with a linked nutrition tab in the EHR, and to illustrate the order panel built and lessons learned from the process.ResultsA separate nutrition tab was created in the EHR with minimal disruption in patient care and end‐users’ positive feedback for the new order panel.ConclusionENAR allows for easier data collection and promotes nutrition‐related research that may result in enhanced patient care. Utilizing technology to build a full ENAR would result in optimized patient care and safety.
Comprehensive and quantitative stability study of ascorbic acid using capillary zone electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection and high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Legrand Pauline , Gahoual Rabah , Benattar Raphaël , Toussaint Balthazar , Roques Caroline , Mignet Nathalie , Goulay‐Dufaÿ Sophie , Houzé Pascal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAscorbic acid is a powerful antioxidant compound involved in many biological functions, and a chronic deficiency is at the origin of scurvy disease. A simple, rapid, and cost‐effective capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the separation and simultaneous quantification of ascorbic acid and the major degradation products: dehydroascorbic acid, furfural, and furoic acid. Systematic optimization of the conditions was performed that enabled baseline separation of the compounds in less than 10 min. In addition to simultaneous quantification of ascorbic acid alongside to the degradation products, stability studies demonstrated the possibility using capillary electrophoresis to separate and identify the major degradation products. Thus, high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry experiments were conducted in order to identify an unknown degradation product separated by capillary electrophoresis and significantly present in degraded samples. Comparison of mass spectrometry data and capillary electrophoresis electropherograms allowed to identify unambiguously trihydroxy‐keto‐valeraldehyde. Finally, capillary electrophoresis was successfully applied to evaluate the composition of different pharmaceutical preparation of ascorbic acid. Results showed the excellent performance of the capillary electrophoresis method due to the separation of excipients from the compounds of interest, which demonstrated the relevance of using an electrophoretic separation in order to perform comprehensive stability studies of ascorbic acid.
Hepatic Angiomyolipoma
Authors: Huang Zhe , Zhou PingPing , Li ShanShan , Li Kaiyan 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate whether quantitative contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) analysis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can differentiate hepatic angiomyolipoma (AML) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic epithelial angiomyolipoma (EAML) from nonepithelial AML.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 26 CEUS lesions pathologically confirmed as AML and 60 patients with confirmed HCC. Clinical and ultrasound (US) features of AML versus HCC and EAML versus nonepithelial AML were analyzed. Quantitative parameters, including arrival time, ascending slope, time to peak, peak intensity (PI), fall time (FT), and mean transit time (MTT), were analyzed. Diagnostic performance of MRI and CEUS was compared.ResultsAngiomyolipoma was significantly different from HCC in US findings of solitary tumor (P < .001), well‐defined border (P = .025), and hyperechogenicity (P < .001). Tumor types were significantly different in US findings of centripetal filling pattern (P < .001), less hypoenhancement in the CEUS delayed phase (P = .04), high PI (P = .007) and ascending slope (P = .006), and short FT (P = .001) and MTT (P < .05). The sensitivity and specificity of quantitative parameters were 61.5% to 96.2% and 55.0% to 71.7% (area under the curve, 0.642–0.773). An early draining vein and tumor vessels, intratumor fat, absence of pseudocapsules, mild signal intensity on diffusion‐weighted imaging, and hypointensity in the MRI delayed phase were helpful for differentiation of AML from HCC (P < .05). The positive predictive values of CEUS and MRI were 46.3% to 100% and 42.9% to 75%, with no significant difference (P > .05). Epithelial AML was more likely to be hypoechoic with a centripetal filling pattern than nonepithelial AML (P < .05). The MTT and FT of EAML were shorter than those of nonepithelial AML (P < .05). The PI of EAML was significantly stronger than that of nonepithelial AML (P < .01). The sensitivity and specificity of quantitative parameters were 68.7% to 100.0% and 60.0% to 100.0% (area under the curve, 0.825–0.941). Less intratumor fat was helpful for differentiation of EAML from nonepithelial AML (P < .05). The positive predictive values of CEUS and MRI were 77.8% to 100% and 85.7%, with a significant difference (P < .05).ConclusionsQuantitative CEUS findings could be valuable in differentiating EAML from HCC.
Stabilities of soil organic carbon and carbon cycling genes are higher in natural secondary forests than in artificial plantations in southern China
Authors: Wang Yun , Zheng Hua , Chen Falin , Zeng Jing , Zhou Jizhong , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOur understanding of how reforestation affects microbial carbon cycling genes remains limited, restricting our ability to evaluate reforestation methods. We hypothesized that natural reforestation produces soil organic carbon (SOC) with significantly more complex chemical composition and more diverse carbon cycling genes than artificial restoration. The SOC fractions and carbon cycling (primarily fixation and degradation) genes present in natural restoration/regrowth (natural secondary forests), and artificial restoration (Masson and slash pine plantations) were compared. The SOC in natural secondary forests was significantly more abundant and structurally more complex than that of Masson and slash pine plantations. The natural secondary forest soils contained significantly more abundant and diverse carbon cycling genes than plantations. Plant‐, soil‐, and nutrient‐associated factors explained 42.1% of the variation in microbial carbon cycling gene compositions. These factors included tree diversity, fine root surface area, litter stock, clay and silt, labile and recalcitrant organic carbon, available nitrogen and nitrate‐nitrogen contents. These factors affect the microbial carbon cycling gene diversity but not abundance in the natural secondary forest soils. These genes' abundance and diversity in the Masson and slash pine plantation soils were enriched by increasing litter stock and decreasing clay and silt contents; they were also enhanced by higher tree diversity, labile and recalcitrant organic carbon, available nitrogen, and nitrate‐nitrogen contents. These findings indicate that current reforestation methods affect carbon cycling genes, carbon cycling potential, and thus, biogeochemical carbon cycling processes. Natural restoration is better than artificial restoration in terms of organic carbon stability and cycling.
The selection and analysis of fatty acid ratios: A new approach for the univariate and multivariate analysis of fatty acid trophic markers in marine pelagic organisms
Authors: Graeve Martin , Greenacre Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFatty acid (FA) compositions provide insights about storage and feeding modes of marine organisms, characterizing trophic relationships in the marine food web. Such compositional data, which are normalized to sum to 1, have values—and thus derived statistics as well—that depend on the particular mix of components that constitute the composition. In FA studies, if the set of FAs under investigation is different in two separate studies, all the summary statistics and relationships between the FAs that are common to the two studies are artificially changed due to the normalization, and thus incomparable. Ratios of FAs, however, are invariant to the particular choice of FAs under consideration—they are said to be subcompositionally coherent. Here, we document the collaboration between a biochemist (M.G.) and a statistician (M.J.G.) to determine a suitable small set of FA ratios that effectively replaces the original data set for the purposes of univariate and multivariate analysis. This strategy is applied to two FA data sets, on copepods and amphipods, respectively, and is widely applicable in other contexts. The selection of ratios is performed in such a way as to satisfy substantive requirements in the context of the respective data set, namely to explain phenomena of interest relevant to the particular species, as well as the statistical requirement to explain as much variance in the FA data set as possible. Benefits of this new approach are (1) univariate statistics that can be validly compared between different studies, and (2) a simplified multivariate analysis of the reduced set of ratios, giving practically the same results as the analysis of the full FA data set.
Substituent Effects on Photoinitiation Ability of Monoaminoanthraquinone‐Based Photoinitiating Systems for Free Radical Photopolymerization under LEDs
Authors: Zhang Jing , Lalevée Jacques , Hill Nicholas S. , Kiehl Jonathan , Zhu Di , Cox Nicholas , Langley Julien , Stenzel Martina H. , Coote Michelle L. , Xiao Pu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThree monoamino‐substituted anthraquinone derivatives (AAQs), that is, 1‐aminoanthraquinone (AAQ), 1‐(methylamino)anthraquinone (MAAQ), and 1‐(benzamido)anthraquinone (BAAQ), incorporated with various additives [e.g., triethanolamine (TEAOH) and phenacyl bromide (PhC(═O)CH2Br)] are investigated for their roles as photoinitiating systems of free radical photopolymerization of (meth)acrylate monomers upon the exposure to UV to green LEDs. The AAQs‐based photoinitiating systems, AAQ/TEAOH/PhC(═O)CH2Br and BAAQ/TEAOH/PhC(═O)CH2Br photoinitiators exhibit the highest efficiency for the free radical photopolymerization of DPGDA under the irradiation of blue LED and UV LED, respectively, which is consistent with the extent of overlap between their absorption spectra and the emission spectra of the LEDs. AAQ/TEAOH/PhC(═O)CH2Br photoinitiator can also initiate the free radical photopolymerization of different (meth)acrylate monomers, with an efficiency dependent on the chemical structures of these monomers.
Reclassification of genetic variants in children with long QT syndrome
Authors: Westphal Dominik S. , Burkard Tobias , Moscu‐Gregor Alexander , Gebauer Roman , Hessling Gabriele , Wolf Cordula M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundGenes encoding cardiac ion channels or regulating proteins have been associated with the inherited form of long QT syndrome (LQTS). Complex pathophysiology and missing functional studies, however, often bedevil variant interpretation and classification. We aimed to evaluate the rate of change in variant classification based on current interpretation standards and dependent on clinical findings.MethodsMedical charts of children with a molecular genetic diagnosis of LQTS presenting at our centers were retrospectively reviewed. Reinterpretation of originally reported variants in genes associated with LQTS was performed based on current knowledge (March 2019) and according to the “Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation of Sequence Variants” by the ACMG 2015.ResultsAbout 84 distinct (likely) pathogenic variants identified in 127 patients were reinterpreted. In 12 variants (12/84, 14.3%), classification changed from (likely) pathogenic to variant of unknown significance (VUS). One of these variants was a hypomorphic allele escaping the standard variant classification. Individuals with variants that downgraded to VUS after reevaluation showed significantly lower Schwartz scores and QTc intervals compared to individuals with unchanged variant characterization.ConclusionThis finding confirms genetic variant interpretation as a dynamic process and underlines the importance of ongoing genetic counseling, especially in LQTS patients with minor clinical criteria.
Explaining RF induced current patterns on implantable medical devices during MRI using the transfer matrix
Authors: Tokaya Janot P. , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. , Luijten Peter R. , Raaijmakers Alexander J. E. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeIn this work a simulation study is performed to gain insights in the patterns of induced radiofrequency (RF) currents for various implant‐like structures at 1.5 T. The previously introduced transfer matrix (TM) is used to determine why certain current patterns have a tendency to naturally occur. This can benefit current safety assessment techniques and may enable the identification of critical exposure conditions.Theory and MethodsThe induced current on an elongated implant can be determined by multiplication of the incident electric field along the implant with its TM. The eigenmode spectrum of the TMs for various lengths and various types of implants are determined. The eigenvector with the highest eigenvalue describes the incident electric field pattern that induces the highest current which in turn will lead to highest heating. Subsequently, a statistical probability analysis is performed using a wide range of potential incident electric field distributions in a representative human subject model during a 1.5 T MR exam which are determined by means of electromagnetic FDTD simulations. These incident electric field distributions and the resulting induced current patterns are projected onto eigenvectors of the TM to determine which eigenmodes of the implant dominate the current patterns.ResultsThe eigenvectors of the TM of bare and insulated wires resemble sinusoidal harmonics of a string fixed at both ends similar to the natural‐current distribution on thin antennas(1). The currents on implants shorter than 20 cm are generally dominated by the first harmonic (similar to half a sine wave). This is firstly because for these implant lengths (relative to the RF wavelength), the first eigenvalue is more than three times bigger than the second showing the ability of an implant to accommodate one eigenmode better than another. Secondly, the incident electric fields have a high likelihood (≳95,7%) to project predominantly on this first eigenmode.ConclusionThe eigenmode spectrum of the TM of an implant provides insight into the expected shape of induced current distributions and worst‐case exposure conditions. For short implants, the first eigenvector is dominant. In addition, realistic incident electric field distributions project more heavily on this eigenvector. Both effects together cause significant currents to always resemble the dominant eigenmode of the TM for short implants at 1.5 T.
Methylphenidate improves weight control in childhood brain tumor survivors with hypothalamic obesity
Authors: Horne Vincent E. , Bielamowicz Kevin , Nguyen Jessica , Hilsenbeck Susan , Lindsay Holly , Sonabend Rona , Wood Alexis C. , Okcu Fatih , Sisley Stephanie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypothalamic obesity causes unrelenting weight gain for childhood brain tumor survivors. No single therapy has proven effective for treatment. We aimed to evaluate effectiveness of long‐term methylphenidate therapy on body mass index (BMI) change in children with hypothalamic obesity.MethodsA retrospective analysis included children with a history of brain tumor and hypothalamic obesity receiving methylphenidate (10‐60 mg/day) for hypothalamic obesity. Subjects were evaluated for BMI trajectory before and after methylphenidate start. Given that z‐scores can be skewed in severely obese children, we calculated BMI as a percent of the BMI at the 95th percentile for the child's age and gender (BMI% 95th).ResultsTwelve patients with hypothalamic obesity completed methylphenidate therapy for at least 6 months (median 3.1 years, range 1.0‐5.8 years). All subjects had a suprasellar tumor (nine [75%] with craniopharyngioma) and pituitary dysfunction. Pretreatment median BMI percent of the 95th percentile was 125.6% (interquartile range [IQR] 25‐75: 115.3‐138.3%) with BMI z‐score of 2.4 (IQR 25‐75: 2.1‐2.6). Following methylphenidate treatment, there was a 69.9% reduction in the median slope of BMI change. Eleven of 12 patients (92%) had a reduction in the slope of their BMI change on methylphenidate treatment. Postmethylphenidate median BMI percent of the 95th percentile decrease to 115.2% (IQR 25‐75: 103.6‐121.2%) with median BMI z‐score of 2.1 (IQR 25‐75: 1.8‐2.2). Mild side effects were noted in six patients.ConclusionsMethylphenidate use reduced and sustained BMI change in children with hypothalamic obesity. Stimulant therapy is an effective first‐line agent for treatment of hypothalamic obesity.