bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking the Rapid Cascade of Visuo-Attentional Processes to Successful Memory Encoding
Authors: Geib B R , Cabeza R , Woldorff M G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
While it is broadly accepted that attention modulates memory, the contribution of specific rapid attentional processes to successful encoding is largely unknown. To investigate this issue, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of electroencephalographic recordings to directly link a cascade of visuo-attentional neural processes to successful encoding: namely (1) the N2pc (peaking ~200 ms), which reflects stimulus-specific attentional orienting and allocation, (2) the sustained posterior-contralateral negativity (post-N2pc), which has been associated with sustained visual processing, (3) the contralateral reduction in oscillatory alpha power (contralateral reduction in alpha &gt; 200 ms), which has also been independently related to attentionally sustained visual processing. Each of these visuo-attentional processes was robustly predictive of successful encoding, and, moreover, each enhanced memory independently of the classic, longer-latency, conceptually related, difference-due-to memory (Dm) effect. Early latency midfrontal theta power also promoted successful encoding, with at least part of this influence being mediated by the later latency Dm effect. These findings markedly expand current knowledge by helping to elucidate the intimate relationship between attentional modulations of perceptual processing and effective encoding for later memory retrieval.
Comparative Effectiveness of Switching to Daptomycin Versus Remaining on Vancomycin Among Patients With Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Schweizer Marin L , Richardson Kelly , Vaughan Sarrazin Mary S , Goto Michihiko , Livorsi Daniel J , Nair Rajeshwari , Alexander Bruce , Beck Brice F , Jones Michael P , Puig-Asensio Mireia , Suh Daniel , Ohl Madeline , Perencevich Eli N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (MRSA BSI) usually receive initial treatment with vancomycin but may be switched to daptomycin for definitive therapy, especially if treatment failure is suspected. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of switching from vancomycin to daptomycin compared with remaining on vancomycin among patients with MRSA BSI.

Methods
Patients admitted to 124 Veterans Affairs Hospitals who experienced MRSA BSI and were treated with vancomycin during 2007–2014 were included. The association between switching to daptomycin and 30-day mortality was assessed using Cox regression models. Separate models were created for switching to daptomycin any time during the first hospitalization and for switching within 3 days of receiving vancomycin.

Results
In total, 7411 patients received vancomycin for MRSA BSI. Also, 606 (8.2%) patients switched from vancomycin to daptomycin during the first hospitalization, and 108 (1.5%) switched from vancomycin to daptomycin within 3 days of starting vancomycin. In the multivariable analysis, switching to daptomycin within 3 days was significantly associated with lower 30-day mortality (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: .25, .92). However, switching to daptomycin at any time during the first hospitalization was not significantly associated with 30-day mortality (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: .69, 1.09).

Conclusions
Switching to daptomycin within 3 days of initial receipt of vancomycin is associated with lower 30-day mortality among patients with MRSA BSI. This benefit was not seen when the switch occurred later. Future studies should prospectively assess the benefit of early switching from vancomycin to other anti-MRSA antibiotics.
Did the introduction and increased prescribing of antidepressants lead to changes in long-term trends of suicide rates?
Authors: Amendola Simone , Plöderl Martin , Hengartner Michael P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Ecological studies have explored associations between suicide rates and antidepressant prescriptions in the population, but most of them are limited as they analyzed short-term correlations that may be spurious. The aim of this long-term study was to examine whether trends in suicide rates changed in three European countries when the first antidepressants were introduced in 1960 and when prescription rates increased steeply after 1990 with the introduction of the serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Methods
Data were extracted from the WHO Mortality Database. Suicide rates were calculated for people aged 10–89 years from 1951–2015 for Italy, 1955–2016 for Austria and 1951–2013 for Switzerland. Trends in suicide rates stratified by gender were analyzed using joinpoint regression models.

Results
There was a general pattern of long-term trends that was broadly consistent across all three countries. Suicide rates were stable or decreasing during the 1950s and 1960s, they rose during the 1970s, peaked in the early 1980s and thereafter they declined. There were a few notable exceptions to these general trends. In Italian men, suicide rates increased until 1997, then fell sharply until 2006 and increased again from 2006 to 2015. In women from all three countries, there was an extended period during the 2000s when suicide rates were stable. No trend changes occurred around 1960 or 1990.

Conclusions
The introduction of antidepressants around 1960 and the sharp increase in prescriptions after 1990 with the introduction of the SSRIs did not coincide with trend changes in suicide rates in Italy, Austria or Switzerland.
Philippe Hurault de Cheverny (1528–99) and the Making of Memoirs in Early Modern France
Authors: Virastau Nicolae 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Memoirs occupy a privileged position in the history of French literature. Historians of French memoirs consider the
Memoires d’Estat
of Chancellor Philippe Hurault de Cheverny to be a stepping stone in the history of self-writing because they seem to mark a transition from self-narratives focusing on the author’s public persona to a self-writing that emphasizes the author’s private life, that is, to something more akin to modern autobiography. Unlike most autobiographical works printed at the time, Cheverny’s memoirs integrate details about the author’s private life and family affairs into the more common first-person chronicle of his public career. A closer examination reveals, however, that multiple practices of self-writing are at work in Cheverny’s book, and that its apparent originality in the history of memoirs and their relation to autobiography more generally are an effect of editorial changes made after the author’s death. The article argues that practices of collective writing and editing of personal documents were common in the early modern age.
Retrospective Analysis of Pediatric and Adult Populations Using an LC-MS/MS Method for Oxcarbazepine/Eslicarbazepine Metabolite
Authors: Kroner Grace M , Thomas Ronald L , Johnson-Davis Kamisha L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-epileptic drugs is important to manage seizure control in patients with epilepsy. Oxcarbazepine is a second-generation anti-epileptic drug approved for use in pediatric patients, and eslicarbazepine acetate is a newer generation drug used as adjunctive therapy and monotherapy for partial-onset (focal) seizures. While several second and third generation anti-epileptic drugs have broader therapeutic efficacy in patients, these drugs can still have severe side effects and variable interpatient pharmacokinetics. Consequently, there is a need for accurate and sensitive analytical methods to support therapeutic drug monitoring.

Methods
An assay improvement for a LC-MS/MS method was developed for the major metabolite of oxcarbazepine and eslicarbazepine, licarbazepine (MHD), using a 13C-labeled form of the compound as the internal standard. Additionally, retrospective data analysis was used to compare the distribution of results observed in adult vs pediatric patients.

Results
Accuracy and linearity across the analytical measuring range of 1 to 60 µg/mL was acceptable. Inter- and intra-run precision was less than 6% at 3 concentrations tested. The limit of detection was determined to be 0.5 µg/mL. Significant interference from hemolysis, icterus, lipemia, or 187 other potential interferences was not detected.

Conclusions
The improved assay for MHD was appropriate for clinical use. Retrospective data analysis showed that pediatric and adult patients had a similar distribution of oxcarbazepine/eslicarbazepine metabolite concentrations in serum.
Quality Assessment and Antioxidant Activities of the Blossoms ofInula NervosaWall
Authors: Hu Li-Xia , Luo Mei-Feng , Guo Wen-Jing , He Xiao , Zhou Jun , Qiu Xiao-Yu , Gong Jian-Ping , Li Meng-Chu , Chen Xin-Tao , Wu Dong , Huang Wen-Ping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, although Inula nervosa Wall is substantially investigated, little is understood about blossoms of Inula nervosa Wall (BINW).ObjectiveIn this work, we systematically investigated the antioxidant activity of the extract from BINW by various standard assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical ability, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) di-ammonium salt radical cation (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP).MethodsChemical compounds were tentatively identified through an UHPLC-QTOF-MS system. Furthermore, the contents of nine compounds were detected with UHPLC method coupled with photodiode array (PDA) detector. By carefully analyzing the quantitative data via clusters analysis and principal component analysis (PCA).ResultsForty-six compounds were tentatively identified, and our results showed that nine compound samples in 21 batches of BINW collected from different areas could be differentiated and analyzed by a heatmap visualization. In addition, the contents of nine compounds (flavonoids, phenolic acids) exhibited a total of higher amounts and better antioxidant activities from Yunnan than those from the other three origins.ConclusionsOur study not only developed a powerful platform to explain the difference between traditional Chinese medicines species that are closely related through the chemometric and chemical profiling, but also presented a useful method to establish quality criteria of BINW with multiple origins.HighlightsTo characterize the BINW in detail, we not only performed DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays to investigate its antioxidant activity, but also established UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS- and UHPLC-PDA-based methods to comprehensively identify and qualitatively analyze its components.
An index framework founded on the future profit potential of female beef cattle to aid the identification of candidates for culling
Authors: Dunne Fíona L , Berry Donagh P , Kelleher Margaret M , Evans Ross D , Walsh Siobhan W , Amer Peter R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Meticulous culling decisions, coupled with careful breeding decisions, are fundamental to shifting a population distribution in the favorable direction and improving profit per cow. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of easy-to-use dynamic tools to aid in culling decisions in beef cattle. The motivation for the present study was to develop a monetary-based culling tool, here referred to as the Beef Female’s Profit Potential (BFPP), to identify females for culling. The BFPP reflects the expected lifetime profitability of an individual female in a herd for the expected remainder of her lifetime; this profit included that of the beef female herself as well as her progeny. The BFPP index framework was composed of 4 subindexes reflecting the value of an animal: (1) as a nulliparae (this was voided if the cow had already calved), (2) for the remainder of her current parity, (3) summed across each of her expected remaining parities, and (4) when she is retained within the herd and not voluntarily culled. Each subindex was comprised of different components reflecting both genetic and non-genetic effects associated with each female. Transition matrices predicting the expected longevity of each female and their expected month of calving were also utilized in calculating the expected remaining lifetime profitability of each female. The BFPP index was validated on 21,102 beef cows as well as their harvested progeny from 875 herds by stratifying the cows, within herd, into 4 strata based on their BFPP. The mean of the within-herd correlation between the BFPP and the Irish national replacement (i.e., breeding) index was, on average, 0.45 indicating the shortcomings of the breeding index as a culling tool. Cows within the top BFPP stratum had a genetic expectation of accruing almost an additional €36 profit per calving, relative to cows within the worst stratum; when validated on the cow’s own calving interval and survival performance as well as their progeny’s carcass performance, the actual phenotypic value was estimated to be an additional €32 profit per calving. A proportion of this additional profit was due to the harvested progeny of the high BFPP cows having, on average, heavier, more conformed carcasses with less fat cover relative to their poor BFPP contemporaries. This BFPP framework is a useful and easy-to-use tool to aid in producer decision making on the choice of females to voluntarily cull but also on which replacement heifers to graduate into the mature herd.
“The Noblest Roman of them all?” Professional versus Popular Views of America’s Country Doctors
Authors: Borst Charlotte G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This essay studies the images, perceptions, and values of the professional medical journals, as well as popular sources such as magazine and films, to show that the country doctor was a contested figure in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The country doctor’s image embodied competing ideals of a racialized professional and masculine identity that included both place as well as visions of science. Medical professionals pressed an image in their journals and professional advice books that mapped a celebration of science and its predictive value onto urban places that were enshrined in hospitals and laboratory facilities. The public, while embracing this image, also embraced a second one shown in popular media that glorified the self-sacrificing rural solo practitioner. This practitioner’s wisdom came from long contact with patients, he was dedicated to seeing patients in their homes, and his identity was based in the larger needs of the entire community.
Multilevel and Tail Risk Management
Authors: Khalaf Lynda , Leccadito Arturo , Urga Giovanni 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We introduce backtesting methods to assess Value-at-Risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) that require no more than desktop VaR violations as inputs. Maintaining an integrated VaR perspective, our methodology relies on multiple testing to combine evidence on the frequency and dynamic evolution of violations, and to capture more information than a single threshold can provide about the magnitude of violations. Contributions include a formal finite sample analysis of the joint distribution of multi-threshold violations, and limiting results that unify discrete and continuous definitions of cumulative violations across thresholds. Simulation studies demonstrate the power advantages of the proposed tests, particularly with small samples and when underlying models are unavailable to assessors. Results also reinforce the usefulness of CaViaR approaches not just for VaR but also as ES back-tests. Empirically, we assess desktop data by Bloomberg on exchange traded funds. We find that tail risk is not adequately reflected via a wide spectrum of models and available measures. Results provide useful prescriptions for empirical practice and, more generally, reinforce the recent arguments in favor of combined tests and forecasts in tail risk management.
Metastatic melanoma of the spleen without known primary
Authors: Dusseau Brian , Onders Bridget , Radulescu Andrei , Abourezk Matthew , Leff John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present the case of a patient who underwent a laparoscopic splenectomy for splenomegaly associated with anemia and thrombocytopenia thought to be secondary to lymphoma and was found to have metastatic melanoma without a primary source. This is a rare entity in that the patient falls into an atypical population group with conflicting opinions about management that has been scarcely reported in the literature.
Mutual inclinations between giant planets and their debris discs in HD 113337 and HD 38529
Authors: Xuan Jerry W , Kennedy Grant M , Wyatt Mark C , Yelverton Ben 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
HD 113337 and HD 38529 host pairs of giant planets, a debris disc, and wide M-type stellar companions. We measure the disc orientation with resolved images from Herschel and constrain the three-dimensional orbits of the outer planets with Gaia DR2 and Hipparcos astrometry. Resolved disc modelling leaves degeneracy in the disc orientation, so we derive four separate planet–disc mutual inclination (ΔI) solutions. The most aligned solutions give ΔI = 17°–32° for HD 113337 and ΔI = 21°–45○ for HD 38529 (both 1σ). In both systems, there is a small probability (&lt;0.3 per cent) that the planet and disc are nearly aligned (ΔI &lt; 3○). The stellar and planetary companions cause the orbits of disc material to precess about a plane defined by the forced inclination. We determine this as well as the precession time-scale to interpret the mutual inclination results. We find that the debris discs in both systems could be warped via joint influences of the outer planet and stellar companion, potentially explaining the observed misalignments. However, this requires HD 113337 to be old (0.8–1.7 Gyr), whereas if young (14–21 Myr), the observed misalignment in HD 113337 could be inherited from the protoplanetary disc phase. For both systems, the inclination of the stellar spin axis is consistent with the disc and outer planet inclinations, which instead supports system-wide alignment or near alignment. High-resolution observations of the discs and improved constraints on the planetary orbits would provide firmer conclusions about the (mis)alignment status.
The changing circumgalactic medium over the last 10 Gyr – I. Physical and dynamical properties
Authors: Huscher Ezra , Oppenheimer Benjamin D , Lonardi Alice , Crain Robert A , Richings Alexander J , Schaye Joop 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of the physical and dynamical states of two sets of EAGLE zoom simulations of galaxy haloes, one at high redshift (z = 2−3) and the other at low redshift (z = 0), with masses of ≈1012 M⊙. Our focus is how the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of these L* star-forming galaxies change over the last 10 Gyr. We find that the high-z CGM is almost equally divided between the ‘cool’ (T &lt; 105 K) and ‘hot’ (T ≥ 105 K) phases, while at low-z the hot CGM phase contains 5 × more mass than the cool phase. The high-z hot CGM contains 60 per cent more metals than the cool CGM, while the low-z cool CGM contains 35 per cent more metals than the hot CGM. The metals are evenly distributed radially between the hot and cool phases throughout the high-z CGM. At high z, the CGM volume is dominated by hot outflows, but also contains cool gas mainly inflowing and cool metals mainly outflowing. At low z, the cool metals dominate the interior and the hot metals are more prevalent at larger radii. The low-z cool CGM has tangential motions consistent with rotational support out to 0.2R200, often exhibiting r ≈ 40 kpc disc-like structures. The low-z hot CGM has several times greater angular momentum than the cool CGM, and a more flattened radial density profile than the high-z hot CGM. This study verifies that, just as galaxies demonstrate significant transformations over cosmic time, the gaseous haloes surrounding them also undergo considerable changes of their own both in physical characteristics of density, temperature, and metallicity, and dynamic properties of velocity and angular momentum.
Ridges in the Dark Energy Survey for cosmic trough identification
Authors: Moews Ben , Schmitz Morgan A , Lawler Andrew J , Zuntz Joe , Malz Alex I , de Souza Rafael S , Vilalta Ricardo , Krone-Martins Alberto , Ishida Emille E O ,   for the COIN Collaboration
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Cosmic voids and their corresponding redshift-projected mass densities, known as troughs, play an important role in our attempt to model the large-scale structure of the Universe. Understanding these structures enables us to compare the standard model with alternative cosmologies, constrain the dark energy equation of state, and distinguish between different gravitational theories. In this paper, we extend the subspace-constrained mean shift algorithm, a recently introduced method to estimate density ridges, and apply it to 2D weak lensing mass density maps from the Dark Energy Survey Y1 data release to identify curvilinear filamentary structures. We compare the obtained ridges with previous approaches to extract trough structure in the same data, and apply curvelets as an alternative wavelet-based method to constrain densities. We then invoke the Wasserstein distance between noisy and noiseless simulations to validate the denoising capabilities of our method. Our results demonstrate the viability of ridge estimation as a precursor for denoising weak lensing observables to recover the large-scale structure, paving the way for a more versatile and effective search for troughs.
Altered rRNA processing disrupts nuclear RNA homeostasis via competition for the poly(A)-binding protein Nab2
Authors: Aguilar Lisbeth-Carolina , Paul Biplab , Reiter Taylor , Gendron Louis , Arul Nambi Rajan Arvind , Montpetit Rachel , Trahan Christian , Pechmann Sebastian , Oeffinger Marlene , Montpetit Ben 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key mediators of RNA metabolism. Whereas some RBPs exhibit narrow transcript specificity, others function broadly across both coding and non-coding RNAs. Here, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we demonstrate that changes in RBP availability caused by disruptions to distinct cellular processes promote a common global breakdown in RNA metabolism and nuclear RNA homeostasis. Our data shows that stabilization of aberrant ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursors in an enp1-1 mutant causes phenotypes similar to RNA exosome mutants due to nucleolar sequestration of the poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) Nab2. Decreased nuclear PABP availability is accompanied by genome-wide changes in RNA metabolism, including increased pervasive transcripts levels and snoRNA processing defects. These phenotypes are mitigated by overexpression of PABPs, inhibition of rDNA transcription, or alterations in TRAMP activity. Our results highlight the need for cells to maintain poly(A)-RNA levels in balance with PABPs and other RBPs with mutable substrate specificity across nucleoplasmic and nucleolar RNA processes.