bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immortalization up‐regulated protein promotes tumorigenesis and inhibits apoptosis of papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Lin Lizhi , Wen Jialiang , Lin Bangyi , Bhandari Adheesh , Zheng Danni , Kong Lingguo , Wang Yinghao , Wang Ouchen , Chen Yizuo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing in recent years worldwide, but the underlying mechanisms await further exploration. We utilized the bioinformatic analysis to discover that Immortalization up‐regulated protein (IMUP) could be a potential oncogene in the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We verified this finding in several databases and locally validated cohorts. Clinicopathological features analyses showed that high expression of IMUP is positively related to malignant clinicopathological features in PTC. Braf‐like PTC patients with higher IMUP expression had shorter disease‐free survival. The biological function of IMUP in PTC cell lines (KTC‐1 and TPC‐1) was investigated using small interfering RNA. Our results showed that silencing IMUP suppresses proliferation, migration and invasion while inducing apoptosis in PTC cell lines. Changes of the expression of apoptosis‐related molecules were identified by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. We also found that YAP1 and TAZ, the critical effectors in the Hippo pathway, were down‐regulated when the IMUP is silenced. Rescue experiments showed that overexpression of YAP1 reverses the tumour inhibitory effect caused by IMUP knockdown. Our study demonstrated that IMUP has an oncogenic function in PTC and might be a new target gene in the treatment of PTC.
Effects of passage through the digestive tract on incretin secretion: Before and after birth
Authors: Tomotaki Seiichi , Araki Ryosuke , Motokura Kouji , Tomobe Yutaro , Yamauchi Takeru , Hanaoka Shintaro , Tomotaki Hiroko , Iwanaga Kougoro , Niwa Fusako , Takita Junko , Kawai Masahiko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionIt was reported that fetuses secrete endogenous incretin; however, the stimulants of fetal incretin secretion are not fully understood. To investigate the association between the passage of amniotic fluid through the intestinal tract and fetal secretion of incretin, we analyzed umbilical cord incretin levels of infants with duodenum atresia.Materials and MethodsInfants born from July 2017 to July 2019 (infants with duodenum atresia and normal term or preterm infants) were enrolled. We measured and compared the concentrations of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and gastric inhibitory peptide/glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in the umbilical vein and preprandial blood samples after birth.ResultsA total of 98 infants (47 term, 46 preterm and 5 with duodenum atresia) were included. In patients with duodenum atresia, umbilical vein GLP‐1 and GIP levels were the same as those in normal infants. In postnatal samples, there were positive correlations between the amount of enteral feeding and preprandial serum concentrations of GLP‐1 (r = 0.47) or GIP (r = 0.49).ConclusionsOur results show that enteral feeding is important for secretion of GLP‐1 and GIP in postnatal infants, whereas the passage of amniotic fluid is not important for fetal secretion of GLP‐1 and GIP. The effect of ingested material passing through the digestive tract on incretin secretion might change before and after birth. Other factors might stimulate secretion of GLP‐1 and GIP during the fetal period.
The dietary relationships of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) with microfungi
Authors: McFarlane D. J. , Aitken E. A. B. , Ridley A. W. , Walter G. H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ecology of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) outside of grain storage facilities is poorly known. However, high densities of T. castaneum adults are known to infest stored cotton seeds (Gossypium hirsutum (L.)) in Queensland, Australia, despite the absence of stored food products in the immediate vicinity. Previous studies suggest that the beetles are attracted to the fungal colonies growing on the residual fibres that remain on the cotton seeds after ginning, but the specifics of this remain unclear, even as to the species of fungi involved. In the current study, 14 fungal species were isolated from stored cotton seeds collected from four sites in Queensland. The feeding preferences of the adult beetles and the developmental success of the larvae were recorded for each fungal species. Gut analyses of T. castaneum adults, after exposure in no‐choice feeding tests, showed that the beetles will feed on any one of the 14 fungal species when exposed (over 14 days) to cotton seeds that had been inoculated with one particular fungal species. The developmental success of the larvae varied depending on the fungal species, with most fungal species supporting only low levels of successful development (<30%). Tests with each fungal species and the volatiles they release revealed that neither adult nor larval survival was significantly affected by the presence of any particular fungal isolate. These results indicate that T. castaneum will feed on a variety of fungal species but that none of the tested fungal species on its own provides a good larval diet for T. castaneum.
Testing the Impact of FFC‐AL‐EIT on Psychosocial and Behavioral Outcomes in Assisted Living
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Boltz Marie , Galik Elizabeth , Fix Steven , Holmes Sarah , Zhu Shijun , Barr Erik 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUNDThis study tested the impact of Function Focused Care for Assisted Living Using the Evidence Integration Triangle (FFC‐AL‐EIT) on: (1) care interactions between residents and direct care staff; and (2) behavior and psychological symptoms associated with dementia among residents.DESIGNThis was a randomized controlled trial.SETTINGA total of 59 assisted living facilities in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts participated.PARTICIPANTSThe sample included 550 mostly White (98%), female (69%) residents with a mean age of 89.30 (standard deviation = 7.63) years.INTERVENTIONThe four‐step FFC‐AL‐EIT intervention was implemented by a function focused care nurse facilitator working with a facility champion over 12 months. The steps included: (1) environment and policy assessments; (2) education; (3) establishing resident function focused care service plans; and (4) mentoring and motivating.MEASURESResident descriptive data (e.g., age, sex, education, and comorbidities), depression, agitation, resistiveness to care, and the quality of care interactions were obtained at baseline and 4 and 12 months. Treatment fidelity data included environment and policy assessments, performance of function focused care by staff, and service plan assessments.RESULTSThere was a significant positive treatment effect related to depression, agitation, resistiveness to care, and quality of care interactions with either less decline or some improvement in these behaviors and symptoms in the treatment versus control group.CONCLUSIONThe study provides some statistical support, which may not necessarily be clinically significant evidence, for psychosocial outcomes of residents and care interactions between staff and residents in assisted living settings.
Ethylene signaling in rice and Arabidopsis: New regulators and mechanisms
Authors: Zhao He , Yin Cui‐Cui , Ma Biao , Chen Shou‐Yi , Zhang Jin‐Song 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEthylene is a gaseous hormone which plays important roles in both plant growth and development and stress responses. Based on studies in the dicot model plant species Arabidopsis, a linear ethylene signaling pathway has been established, according to which ethylene is perceived by ethylene receptors and transduced through CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 1 (CTR1) and ETHYLENE‐INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2) to activate transcriptional reprogramming. In addition to this canonical signaling pathway, an alternative ethylene receptor‐mediated phosphor‐relay pathway has also been proposed to participate in ethylene signaling. In contrast to Arabidopsis, rice, a monocot, grows in semiaquatic environments and has a distinct plant structure. Several novel regulators and/or mechanisms of the rice ethylene signaling pathway have recently been identified, indicating that the ethylene signaling pathway in rice has its own unique features. In this review, we summarize the latest progress and compare the conserved and divergent aspects of the ethylene signaling pathway between Arabidopsis and rice. The crosstalk between ethylene and other plant hormones is also reviewed. Finally, we discuss how ethylene regulates plant growth, stress responses and agronomic traits. These analyses should help expand our knowledge of the ethylene signaling mechanism and could further be applied for agricultural purposes.
Reduction of Blood Loss by Intra‐articular Injection of Tranexamic Acid Combined with Knee and Hip Flexion at 45° During Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Jian‐qi , Yang Lin , Tan Jian‐shao , Huo Kun‐ping , Zhao Liang , Cai Dao‐zhang 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the hemostatic effect of intra‐articular administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) combined with knee flexion in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsThis randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Guangzhou, China) from January 2017 to February 2018. The patients were randomized 1:1 to the TXA group (TXA 500 mg into the joint after closure, knee, and hip flexed at 45° for 4 h) or the control group (physiological saline, with limb fully extended). The primary endpoint was postoperative hemoglobin reduction. The postoperative levels of hemoglobin were measured at four time points: 6 h after operation, and on the first, second, and third postoperative days. Calculated blood loss (CBL) at 3 days, transfusion rate, range of motion (ROM), VAS pain score, and knee circumference increment were the secondary endpoints. Ninety‐four (47/group) patients were analyzed.ResultsPostoperatively, there were statistically significant differences between the TXA and control groups in CBL (791 ± 212 mL vs 1175 ± 273 mL, P < 0.05). Hemoglobin reduction was significantly lower in the TXA group (2.0 ± 0.9 g/dL vs 4.5 ± 0.7 g/dL, P < 0.05). Based on the transfusion criteria, 3 out of 47 (6.4%) patients in the TXA group and 13 out of 47 (27.6%) patients in the control group received blood transfusions (P = 0.006). ROM (90.8° ± 6.2° vs 87.6° ± 6.4°, P = 0.004), VAS pain score (4.1 ± 1.1 vs 4.8 ± 1.3, P = 0.004), and KCI (2.4 ± 0.9 cm vs 3.2 ± 1.0 cm, P = 0.01) were better in the TXA group compared with thecontrols. There was no deep venous thrombosis (DVT), wound infection or other adverse events in either group. In the control group, 2 patients had a fever after blood transfusion.ConclusionIntra‐articular injection of TXA combined with knee and hip flexion at 45° can effectively attenuate CBL and hemoglobin reduction during primary TKA, without an additional adverse event.
Chitosan primes plant defence mechanisms against Botrytis cinerea, including expression of Avr9/Cf‐9 rapidly elicited genes
Authors: De Vega Daniel , Holden Nicola , Hedley Pete E , Morris Jenny , Luna Estrella , Newton Adrian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCurrent crop protection strategies against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea rely on a combination of conventional fungicides and host genetic resistance. However, due to pathogen evolution and legislation in the use of fungicides, these strategies are not sufficient to protect plants against this pathogen. Defence elicitors can stimulate plant defence mechanisms through a phenomenon known as defence priming. Priming results in a faster and/or stronger expression of resistance upon pathogen recognition by the host. This work aims to study defence priming by a commercial formulation of the elicitor chitosan. Treatments with chitosan result in induced resistance (IR) in solanaceous and brassicaceous plants. In tomato plants, enhanced resistance has been linked with priming of callose deposition and accumulation of the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA). Large‐scale transcriptomic analysis revealed that chitosan primes gene expression at early time‐points after infection. In addition, two novel tomato genes with a characteristic priming profile were identified, Avr9/Cf‐9 rapidly elicited protein 75 (ACRE75) and 180 (ACRE180). Transient and stable over‐expression of ACRE75, ACRE180 and their Nicotiana benthamiana homologs, revealed that they are positive regulators of plant resistance against B. cinerea. This provides valuable information in the search for strategies to protect Solanaceae plants against B. cinerea.
My fault or yours? Leaders’ dual reactions to abusive supervision via rumination depend on their independent self‐construal
Authors: Deng Hong , Lam Catherine K. , Guan Yanjun , Wang Mo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this research, we propose a novel goal‐failure perspective based on cognitive theories of rumination to examine how leaders react to their own abusive supervision in distinct ways. Findings from two multi‐wave, multisource field studies conducted with organizational leaders and an online experiment support hypotheses that leaders ruminate on their abusive behavior and this rumination triggers reconciliation efforts (a problem‐solving reaction) or the blaming of victims (a self‐serving reaction). In line with cognitive theories of rumination, leaders’ independent self‐construal functions as a key qualifier for the effects of rumination, such that when they ruminate, leaders who have low levels of independent self‐construal are more likely to seek reconciliation, whereas leaders who have high levels of independent self‐construal are more likely to blame their victims. Furthermore, reconciliation is not significantly related to subordinates’ evaluation of their leaders’ effectiveness but blaming is negatively related to it. These findings are an important extension of nascent perpetrator‐centric research regarding abusive supervision.
Stability Studies of New Caged bis‐deoxy‐coelenterazine Derivatives and Their Potential Use as Cellular pH Probes
Authors: Giuliani Germano , Merolla Assunta , Paolino Marco , Reale Annalisa , Saletti Mario , Blancafort Lluís , Cappelli Andrea , Benfenati Fabio , Cesca Fabrizia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of new bis‐deoxy‐coelenterazine (1) derivatives bearing ester protective groups (acetate, propionate and butyrate esters) was accomplished. Moreover, their hydrolytic stability at room temperature was evaluated in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent, using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the key products at different time intervals. The results showed an increasing hydrolysis rate according to longest aliphatic chain, with a half‐life of 24 days of the more stable acetate derivative (4a). Furthermore, the analysis of the experimental data revealed the greater stability of the enol tautomer in this aprotic polar solvent. This result was confirmed by theoretical calculations using the density functional theory (DFT) approach, which gave us the opportunity to propose a detailed decomposition mechanism. Additionally, the derivatives obtained were tested by bioluminescence luciferase assays to evaluate their potential use as extracellular pH‐sensitive reporter substrates of luciferase. The biological data support the idea that further structural modifications of these molecules may open promising perspectives in this field of research.
Methods for evaluating penetration of drug into the skin: A review
Authors: Supe Shibani , Takudage Pooja 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin being the largest organ of the human body plays a very important role in the permeation and penetration of the drug. In addition, the transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) plays a major role in managing dermal infections and attaining sustained plasma drug concentration. Thus, evaluation of percutaneous penetration of the drug through the skin is important in developing TDDS for human use.Material and methodsVarious techniques are used for getting the desired drug penetration, permeation, and absorption through the skin in managing these dermal disorders. The development of novel pharmaceutical dosage forms for dermal use is much explored in the current era. However, it is very important to evaluate these methods to determine the bioequivalence and risk of these topically applied drugs, which ultimately penetrate and are absorbed through the skin.ResultsCurrently, numerous skin permeation models are being developed and persuasively used in studying dermatopharmacokinetic (DPK) profile and various models have been developed, to evaluate the TDD which include ex vivo human skin, ex vivo animal skin, and artificial or reconstructed skin models.ConclusionThis review discusses the general physiology of the skin, the physiochemical characteristics affecting particle penetration, understand the models used for human skin permeation studies and understanding their advantages, and disadvantages.
Microvascular effects of microneedles with subsequent histamin application in the skin prick test
Authors: Hackethal Johannes 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince decades, histamin applications are routinely performed in skin prick tests using a lancet. However, this technique is associated with various drawbacks.Materials and MethodsIn healthy human subjects, we investigated the effects of microneedle‐enhanced histamin delivery (wheal size, erythema size) in the skin microvasculature using polarized light spectroscopy imaging (Tissue Viability imaging, TiVi). Histamin was applied on microneedle‐pretreated skin or on ‐untreated skin, to assess the microvascular response in the local skin.ResultsIn our results, histamin was delivered more rapidly into the skin after microneedle pretreatment compared to passive diffusion, visible as wheal and erythema.ConclusionThe here presented technique might be useful for a personalized drug‐testing system in the future.
Optical measurement of physiological sodium currents in the axon initial segment
Authors: Filipis Luiza , Canepari Marco 
Published: October 2020

Key points
Τhe axonal Na+ fluorescence underlying an action potential in the axon initial segment was optically measured at unprecedented temporal resolution.
The measurement allowed resolution of the kinetics of the Na+ current at different axonal locations.
The distinct components of the Na+ current were correlated with the kinetics of the action potential.
NEURON simulations from a modified published model qualitatively predicted the experimentally measured Na+ current.
The present method permits the direct investigation of the kinetic behaviour of native Na+ channels under physiological and pathological conditions.
AbstractIn most neurons of the mammalian central nervous system, the action potential (AP) is generated in the axon initial segment (AIS) by a fast Na+ current mediated by voltage‐gated Na+ channels. While the axonal Na+ signal associated with the AP has been measured using fluorescent Na+ indicators, the insufficient resolution of these recordings has not allowed tracking the Na+ current kinetics underlying this fundamental event. In this article, we report the first optical measurement of Na+ currents in the AIS of pyramidal neurons of layer 5 of the somatosensory cortex from brain slices of the mouse. This measurement was obtained by achieving a temporal resolution of 100 μs in the Na+ imaging technique, with a pixel resolution of 0.5 μm, and by calculating the time‐derivative of the Na+ change corrected for longitudinal diffusion. We identified a subthreshold current before the AP, a fast‐inactivating current peaking during the rise of the AP and a non‐inactivating current during the AP repolarization. We established a correlation between the kinetics of the non‐inactivating current at different distances from the soma and the kinetics of the somatic AP. We quantitatively compared the experimentally measured Na+ current with the current obtained by computer simulation of published NEURON models, demonstrating how the present approach can lead to the correct estimate of the native behaviour of Na+ channels. Finally, we discuss how the present approach can be used to investigate the physiological or pathological function of different channel types during AP initiation and propagation.
One-year outcomes of stand-alone ab externo SIBS microshunt implantation in refractory glaucoma
Authors: Durr Georges M , Schlenker Matthew B , Samet Saba , Ahmed Iqbal Ike K 
Published: October 2020

Background/AimsDetermine the efficacy of stand-alone implantation of the ab externo SIBS or poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene) microshunt with mitomycin C in glaucomatous eyes, refractory to previous subconjunctival filtering surgery, over 1 year of follow-up.MethodsConsecutive retrospective cohort of patients with intraocular pressure (IOP) above target and previous subconjunctival filtering surgery, who received the microshunt between July 2015 and April 2019. Primary outcome was a complete success, with failure defined as IOP <6 mm Hg with vision loss, >17 mm Hg or <20% reduction in IOP without medications. Secondary outcomes included thresholds of 6 to 14 mm Hg and 6 to 21 mm Hg for both complete (no medications) and qualified (with medications) success as well as qualified success for thresholds of 6 to 17 mm Hg. Risk factors for failure, IOP, medications and complications were also assessed.Results85 eyes of 79 patients with a preoperative median IOP of 22.0 mm Hg (IQR 18.0–29.0) on four (IQR 3–4) medications were included. Postoperative median IOP was 13.0 mm Hg (IQR 10.0–17.0) on zero (IQR 0–2) medication at 1 year. 61.0% achieved complete success and 79.7% achieved qualified success. Mild-to-moderate disease was associated with failure (adjusted HR 2.37; 95% CI 1.23 to 4.59). Needling was performed in 11.8%, and 8.2% underwent anterior chamber reformation. Complications were transient, consisting of hyphaema, choroidal detachment and hypotony maculopathy, with 7.1% of patients undergoing reoperation.ConclusionsIn a group of high-risk eyes that had already failed at least one subconjunctival filtering surgery, the SIBS microshunt demonstrates reasonable surgical success over 1-year follow-up, with relatively few complications.