bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient and surgery factors associated with the incidence of failed and difficult intubation
Authors: Schnittker R. , Marshall S.D. , Berecki‐Gisolf J. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryEstimates of the rate and risk‐factors for difficult airway rarely include a denominator for the number of anaesthetics. Approaches such as self‐reporting and crowd‐sourcing of airway incidents may help identify specific lessons from clinical episodes, but the lack of denominator data, biased reporting and under‐reporting does not allow a comprehensive population‐based assessment. We used an established state‐wide dataset to determine the incidence of failed and difficult intubations between 2015 and 2017 in the state of Victoria in Australia, along with associated patient and surgical risk‐factors. A total of 861,533 general anaesthesia episodes were analysed. Of these, 4092 patients with difficult or failed intubation were identified; incidence rates of 0.52% (2015–2016) and 0.43% (2016–2017), respectively. Difficult/failed intubations were most common in patients aged 45–75 and decreased for older age groups, with risk being lower for patients aged >85 than patients aged 35–44. The risk for failed/difficult intubation increased significantly for: patients undergoing emergency surgery (OR 1.80); obese patients (OR 2.48); increased ASA physical status; and increased Charlson Comorbidity Index. Across all age groups, procedures on the nervous system (OR 1.92) and endocrine system (OR 2.03) had the highest risk of failed/difficult intubation. The relative reduced risk for failed/difficult intubations in the elderly population is a novel finding that contrasts with previous research and may suggest a ‘compression of morbidity’ effect as a moderator. Administrative databases have the potential to improve understanding of peri‐operative risk of rare events at a population level.
Changes of clinical parameters at implants: A retrospective comparison of implants versus natural teeth over 5 years of supportive periodontal therapy
Authors: Sonnenschein Sarah K. , Kohnen Rebecca , Ciardo Antonio , Ziegler Philipp , Seide Svenja , Kim Ti‐Sun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare clinical parameters of implants versus natural teeth over a period of 5 years during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).Material and MethodsA total of 421 SPT patients were screened for implants (I) and corresponding control teeth (C). Data (patient level [P]: sex, age, smoking status, systemic diseases, adherence, oral hygiene indices, mean probing depth [PD]P, bleeding on probing [BOP]P, periodontal risk profile; implant/control tooth level [I/C]: PDI/C, BOPI/C; site level at implants [SITE]: position, dental arch, aspect, BOPSITE) were assessed at the first SPT session where the implant was probed (T1) and 5 years later (T2). The influence of patient and implant/control‐related factors on PDI/C/BOPI/C was tested (linear mixed model) as well as the influence of site‐specific factors on the PDSITE change (multilevel regression).ResultsA total of 70 patients (151 implants) were included. Mean PDI was 2.75 ± 0.85 mm (T1) and 2.87 ± 0.79 mm (T2). Mean PDC was 2.42 ± 0.66 mm (T1) and 2.49 ± 0.71 mm (T2). BOPI increased from 8.62 ± 15.01% (T1) to 24.06 ± 26.79% (T2) and BOPC from 9.97 ± 17.78% (T1) to 15.52 ± 22.69% (T2). The differences between implants and controls were significant for BOP (p = .0032). At T2, BOPI/C was associated with periodontal risk (p = .0351). The site‐specific analysis revealed an association of BOPSITE at T1 with the progression of PDSITE (p = .0058).ConclusionsProbing depths of implants and controls seem to change similarly during SPT but retention of inflammation‐free conditions at implants appears to be more difficult compared to natural teeth. Patients with a high‐risk profile appear to have an increased susceptibility for BOP around implants, and BOP at implants seems to be a predictor for further PD increase.
Neoliberalism, accounting, and the transformation of subjectivities in social work: A study on the implementation of personal budgets
Authors: Chow Danny , Bracci Enrico 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study examines, through the case of Personal Budgets in England, the role of accounting in transforming the subjectivities of social workers through a Foucauldian lens. The findings show how accounting can reshape the subjectivities of social workers serving as intermediaries responsible for the frontline implementation of neoliberal reforms. It does so through an empirical demonstration on how accounting harnesses an individual's autonomy and responsibility to nurture “productive” relationships between citizens and the state. Furthermore, the findings also highlight the vulnerability of social workers’ subjectivities from the installation of an accounting infrastructure with multiple capabilities. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how neoliberal policies transform subjectivities in social work and adds to the literature on accounting's biopolitical role in the reconstitution of such subjectivities. It also addresses the relative neglect of studies examining the role of accounting in neoliberal transformations of social work that, despite its significance for an ageing society and its attendant consequences for public finances, receives far less attention than healthcare reforms.
Chief financial officers’ perceptions of their roles inside nonprofit organizations
Authors: Daff Lyn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChief financial officers (CFOs) are a vital support to the effective management of organizations in all sectors. The focus of this study is the role CFOs play in nonprofit organizations. Nonprofits have unique features impinging on CFOs’ roles. The study analyzed interviews with 15 nonprofit CFOs, drawing on role theory. Participants’ role perceptions clustered around four significant themes: “protector,” “supporter,” “innovator,” and “strategist.” The protector role tended to moderate the innovator role so innovations attempted were low risk. Those who embraced innovation tended to be strategists. Challenges nonprofit CFOs faced owing to the unique features of their sector were found to influence role perceptions and lead to role conflicts and extra‐role activities.
Fabrication and characterization of polymer‐derived high‐entropy carbide ceramic powders
Authors: Du Bin , Liu Honghua , Chu Yanhui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolymer‐derived ceramic (PDC) route has been widely used to fabricate various ceramics or ceramic‐matrix composites in recent years. However, the synthesis of high‐entropy ceramics via PDC route has rarely been reported until now. Herein, we successfully synthesized a class of high‐entropy carbides, namely (Hf0.25Nb0.25Zr0.25Ti0.25)C (HEC‐1), via PDC route. The polymer‐derived HEC‐1 ceramics consisted of numerous superfine particles with the average particle size ~800 nm. Meanwhile, they possessed a rock‐salt structure of metal carbides and high‐compositional uniformity from nanoscale to microscale. In addition, the as‐obtained HEC‐1 ceramics had a low oxygen impurity content of 0.51% and a low free carbon impurity content of 2.56%. This work will open up a new research field on the fabrication of high‐entropy ceramics or high‐entropy ceramic‐matrix composites via PDC route.
Poisson’s ratio of porous and cellular materials with randomly distributed isometric pores or cells
Authors: Uhlířová Tereza , Pabst Willi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe porosity dependence of Poisson's ratio of materials with random microstructure is investigated via analytical and numerical modeling. It is shown that all analytical models predict porosity independence if the solid Poisson ratio is 0.2 and for low porosities a converging trend toward this value with increasing porosity. From all theory‐based relations, only power‐law and exponential relations allow for auxetic behavior. Numerical calculations on computer‐generated digital microstructures (overlapping and isolated spherical pores, pores between overlapping spherical grains, wall‐based cellular materials/closed‐cell foams, and strut‐based cellular materials/open‐cell foams) confirm the general qualitative trends of the analytical models, although a closer look reveals significant quantitative differences. Cellular materials and foams exhibit similar features as porous materials in general, but lack their converging trend toward values around 0.2. Comparison of our results with the classical Roberts‐Garboczi results shows good agreement, with subtle differences due to the different microstructures generated.
Caregivers’ and parents’ explanatory models of intellectual disability in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Mkabile Siyabulela , Swartz Leslie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPost‐apartheid, understanding and management of intellectual disability remain poor in South Africa, complicated by various contextual and cultural explanations used to describe and conceptualize this condition.MethodWe conducted 20 semi‐structured interviews with primary caregivers and parents of children with intellectual disability residing in Khayelitsha, a low‐income setting in Cape Town, South Africa. We used Kleinman's Explanatory Models (EMs) of illness to explore terms used to describe and conceptualize this condition.ResultsCarers’ explanatory models included biomedical causes, injuries during pregnancy or birth, as well as spiritual causes. It was reported that there were significant difficulties in accessing services and support, and difficulties with coping in the context of extreme poverty and deprivation.ConclusionsCurrent findings highlight a need for collaboration between the biomedical and alternative healthcare systems in educating carers and parents regarding intellectual disability.
Impact factor rankings for sleep research journals between 2005 and 2018
Authors: Marshall Nathaniel S. , Hoyos Camilla M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImpact factors and ranking lists of research journals are very often used to judge our career achievements and progression by employers and granting bodies. However, a comprehensive list for the interdisciplinary field of sleep research does not currently exist because our journals tend to be placed into discipline‐specific lists that do not cope well with our historic interdisciplinarity, which embraces many core disciplines. We aimed to build a ranking list specifically for sleep research journals based on the journal impact factor and the google scholar H5 indices. We then searched for all sleep journals given an impact factor by Thomson Reuters from 2005 to 2018 and all journals given a current H5 index by Google Scholar. We provide a ranking list specifically for sleep journals that might be useful for researchers to cite when providing context in their applications for employment, promotion and funding.
53Mn and 60Fe in iron meteorites—New data, model calculations
Authors: Leya Ingo , David Jean‐Christophe , Faestermann Thomas , Froehlich Michaela , Kivel Niko , Koll Dominik , Korschinek Gunther , McIntyre Sarah , Merchel Silke , Pavetich Stefan , Rugel Georg , Schumann Dorothea , Smith Thomas , Wallner Anton 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe measured specific activities of the long‐lived cosmogenic radionuclides 60Fe in 28 iron meteorites and 53Mn in 41 iron meteorites. Accelerator mass spectrometry was applied at the 14 MV Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility at ANU Canberra for all samples except for two which were measured at the Maier‐Leibnitz Laboratory, Munich. For the large iron meteorite Twannberg (IIG), we measured six samples for 53Mn. This work doubles the number of existing individual 60Fe data and quadruples the number of iron meteorites studied for 60Fe. We also significantly extended the entire 53Mn database for iron meteorites. The 53Mn data for the iron meteorite Twannberg vary by more than a factor of 30, indicating a significant shielding dependency. In addition, we performed new model calculations for the production of 60Fe and 53Mn in iron meteorites. While the new model is based on the same particle spectra as the earlier model, we no longer use experimental cross sections but instead use cross sections that were calculated using the latest version of the nuclear model code INCL. The new model predictions differ substantially from results obtained with the previous model. Predictions for the 60Fe activity concentrations are about a factor of 2 higher, for 53Mn, they are ~30% lower, compared to the earlier model, which gives now a better agreement with the experimental data.
Left ventricular (LV) pacing in newborns and infants: Echo assessment of LV systolic function and synchrony at 5‐year follow‐up
Authors: Silvetti Massimo Stefano , Muzi Giulia , Unolt Marta , D'Anna Carolina , Saputo Fabio Anselmo , Di Mambro Corrado , Albanese Sonia , Ammirati Antonio , Ravà Lucilla , Drago Fabrizio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSmall retrospective studies reported that left ventricular (LV) pacing is likely to preserve LV function in children with isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB). The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate LV contractility and synchrony in a cohort of neonates/infants at pacemaker implantation and follow‐up.MethodsPatients with CCAVB who underwent LV pacing were evaluated with electrocardiogram and echocardiogram in a single‐center, prospective study. Data were collected at implantation, at 1‐month and every year of follow‐up, up to 5 years. LV ventricular dimensions (diameters and volumes), systolic function (ejection fraction [EF] and global longitudinal strain [GLS]), and synchrony were evaluated. Data are reported as median (25th‐75th centiles).ResultsTwenty consecutive patients with CCAVB underwent pacemaker implantation (12 single‐chamber pacemaker [VVIR] and eight dual‐chamber pacemaker [DDD]) with epicardial leads: 17 on the LV apex and three on the free wall. Age at implantation was 0.3 months (1 day‐4.5 months). Patients showed good clinical status, normal LV dimensions, preserved systolic function, and synchrony at 60 (30‐60) months follow‐up. EF increased to normal values in patients with preimplantation EF <50%. Presence of antibodies and pacing mode (DDD vs VVIR) had no impact on the outcome.ConclusionsLV pacing preserved LV systolic function and synchrony in neonates and infants with CCAVB at 5‐year follow‐up. LV EF improved in patients with low preimplantation EF. Pacing mode or the presence of autoantibodies did not demonstrated an impact on LV contractility and synchrony.
Current treatment for Wilms tumor: COG and SIOP standards
Authors: Wang Jinhu , Li Minju , Tang Daxing , Gu Weizhong , Mao Junqing , Shu Qiang 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundWilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal malignant tumor in children. It occurs primarily at preschool age. The purpose of this review is to present current standards of diagnosis and treatment of WT around the world.Data sourcesAll the recent literature on diagnosis and treatment of WT were searched and reviewed.ResultsMost cases with WT are sporadic. The current survival in patients with WT is high (90%). Involvement of mutidisciplinary collaborative groups in the diagnosis and treatment of WT. National Wilms Tumor Study Group (NWTSG)/Children’s Oncology Group (COG) and The International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) are two major guidelines used for the current management of WT worldwide. The major difference exists in the two guidelines is the timing of surgery: SIOP recommends using preoperative chemotherapy, and NWTSG/COG prefers using primary surgery before any adjuvant treatments.ConclusionsMost patients with WT have good overall survival outcomes. Further studies should be highlighted on how to use chemotherapy and radiotherapy under more accurate risk-stratified strategies. Surgeons must be more focusing on how to maximize preoperative and postoperative treatment possibilities for achieving optimal results of patients with WT.
Treatment efficacy of tolterodine versus belladonna mixture in children with idiopathic overactive bladder
Authors: Xu Zheming , Wu Dehua , Tao Chang , Zhou Juan , Zheng Zhihui , Tang Daxing 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesChildren with symptoms of urinary urgency, frequency and incontinence are common in the clinic. The aim of the present study was to compare the tolerability and efficacy of tolterodine, a bladder-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist, with belladonna mixture, a traditional anticholinergic drug, in the treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder in children.MethodsChildren aged 5–10 years with a history of diurnal urgency, frequency and incontinence were randomly divided into two groups. Participants in group 1 were given tolterodine 1 mg twice a day for 14 days. If the results were found to be mildly ineffective, after the first 14 days of therapy, prolonged course with 2 mg twice a day was given. In group 2, the children were treated with belladonna mixture 5 mL twice a day for 14 days. Anticholinergic side effects were recorded during the therapy and efficacy was evaluated with voiding diary recorded by the parents at the beginning and end of therapy.ResultsA total of 668 cases were included in this study and 334 for each 25 group (496 boys and 172 girls). Evident anticholinergic side effects which could cease the therapy, such as dry mouth, constipation, mood changes, irritability, and so on, exhibited only on 2% of participants in the tolterodine group but 69% in the belladonna mixture group (p≤0.05). The symptoms of detrusor overactivity disappeared or significantly improved in 80% of children in the tolterodine group and 37% in the belladonna mixture (p≤0.05) group.ConclusionsTolterodine had better tolerability and efficacy than belladonna mixture in treating overactive bladder in children.
CT quantification of ventricular volumetric parameters based on semiautomatic 3D threshold-based segmentation in porcine heart and children with tetralogy of Fallot: accuracy and feasibility
Authors: Xu Jiajun , Tian Yangfan , Wang Jinhua , Xu Weize , Shi Zhuo , Fu Jianzhong , Shu Qiang 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundTo investigate the accuracy and feasibility of CT in quantification of ventricular volume based on semiautomatic three-dimensional (3D) threshold-based segmentation in porcine heart and children with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).MethodsEight porcine hearts were used in the study. The atria were resected and both ventricles of the eight porcine hearts were filled with solidifiable silica gel and performed CT scanning. The water displacement volume of silica gel casting mould was referred as gold standard of ventricular volume. Results of left and right ventricular volumes measured by CT were compared with reference standard. Twenty-three children diagnosed with TOF were retrospectively included. The ventricular volumetric parameters were assessed by cardiac CT before and 6 months after surgery.ResultsLeft ventricular and right ventricular volumes of porcine hearts measured by CT were highly correlated to casting mould (r=0.845, p=0.008; r=0.933, p=0.001), and there were no statistically significant differences (t=−1.059, p=0.325; t=−1.121, p=0.299). In children with TOF, right ventricular end-systole volumes 6 months after operation were higher than that before surgery, 21.93±4.44 vs 19.80±4.52 mL/m2, p=0.001. Right ventricular ejection fractions 6 months after surgery were lower compared with that before surgery 59.79%±4.26% vs 63.05%±5.04%, p=0.000.ConclusionsCT is able to accurately assess ventricular volumetric parameters based on semiautomatic 3D threshold-based segmentation. Both of the right and left ventricular volumetric parameters could be evaluated by CT in children with TOF.
Comparison of inconclusive rates between suction rectal biopsy and open strip rectal biopsy in children of different age groups: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Ng Liet Hing Cedric Ian , Teng Roy , Porrett Liesel , Thompson Richard 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundRectal biopsy for the diagnosis for Hirschsprung's disease (HD) can be performed in several ways. Suction rectal biopsy (SRB) is the most widely used method for neonates and younger infants while open strip biopsy (OSB) is reserved for older children. Current notions suggest that SRB should not be used in older infants due to perceived thicker fibrous tissue in their rectal walls leading to higher rates of inconclusive results. This study aims to compare the inconclusive rates of both methods in children of different age groups.MethodsA retrospective study were carried out with patients aged 13 years who underwent SRB or OSB during a 4-year period in a single center. Rectal biopsies were performed on patients with HD with previous endorectal pull-through surgeries excluded. Primary outcomes were rates of inconclusive results for SRB and OSB overall and when divided into different age groups.Results79 biopsies (57 SRB and 22 OSB) were included in the study. 12 biopsies (9 SRB and 3 OSB) were deemed inconclusive. There was no significant difference in the rate of inconclusive results between patients underwent SRB and OSB overall (15.8% vs 13.6%, p=1.000). The same results were obtained when patients were divided into under one year and over one year groups or other different age groups (30.0% vs 33.3%, p=1.000).ConclusionsDespite low biopsy numbers, our study suggests that SRB provides comparable rates of inconclusive results with OSB in children of all age groups.
Selección de residentes en la formación de psiquiatría: ¿qué atributos buscan los docentes de un centro formador y por qué medios?
Authors: Pacheco Pacheco Bernardo Enrique , Valdés Rojic Francisca , Kobus Garín Valentina , Bedregal Paula 
Published: March 2020

Introducción: la formación en Psiquiatría tiene como primer desafío elegir los candidatos ideales para desempeñarse óptimamente como residentes, alcanzando las competencias necesarias para un posterior ejercicio de la especialidad. En general, no se cuenta con instrumentos específicos de selección de residentes, utilizándose diversas estrategias de elección de candidatos a la especialidad. El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar los atributos y los medios de selección que un grupo de académicos consideran necesarios al momento de seleccionar a los candidatos a sus programas de residencia en Psiquiatría.
Metodología: se realizó una investigación cualitativa de tipo encuesta de percepción utilizando el Método Delphi. La encuesta se envió, por medio de una plataforma web, a todos los académicos del Departamento de Psiquiatría de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (n=39).
Resultados: los atributos mencionados fueron agrupados en 8 dominios. Las principales categorías identificadas por los encuestados fueron: profesionalismo (41%), motivación por la especialidad (33%), habilidades de comunicación (13%) y estabilidad psicológica (12%). El principal instrumento mencionado para evaluar los atributos de los postulantes fue la entrevista personal. Las publicaciones científicas, las notas de pregrado y las cartas de recomendación son mencionadas secundariamente.
Conclusiones: el actuar profesional en la acción médica, medido como profesionalismo, en este estudio es atributo esencial en un postulante a un programa de residencia en Psiquiatría. Aunque las entrevistas personales han demostrado poco valor predictivo con el rendimiento del residente durante su formación, siguen siendo un instrumento muy requerido en los procesos de selección de residentes.