bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible organic ion-gated transistors with low operating voltage and light-sensing application
Authors: Azimi Mona , Subramanian Arunprabaharan , Roslan Nur Adilah , Cicoira Fabio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ion-gated transistors are attracting significant attention due to their low operating voltage (<1 V) and modulation of charge carrier density by ion-gating media. Here we report flexible organic ion-gated transistors based on the high mobility donor–acceptor conjugated copolymer poly[4-(4,4-dihexadecyl 4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b′]-dithiophen-2-yl)-alt[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4c]pyridine](PCDTPT) and the ionic liquid [1-ethyl-3 methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide] as the ion-gating medium. Electrical characteristics of devices made on both [rigid (SiO2/Si) and flexible (polyimide (PI))] substrates showed very similar values of hole mobility (∼1 cm2 V−1 s−1) and ON–OFF ratio (∼105). Flexible ion-gated transistors showed good mechanical stability at different bending curvature radii and under repetitive bending cycles. The mobility of flexible ion-gated transistors remained almost unchanged upon bending. After 1000 bending cycles the mobility decreased by 20% of its initial value. Flexible photodetectors based on PCDTPT ion-gated transistors showed photosensitivity and photoresponsivity values of 0.4 and 93 AW−1.
Broadband phonon to magnon conversion in yttrium iron garnet
Authors: Fung T C , Karenowska A D , Gregg J F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a means of broadband phonon-magnon interconversion that relies on combining magnetoelastic coupling with translational symmetry breaking in the important experimental material yttrium iron garnet (YIG). As well as being of interest for its basic physics, this quasiparticle coupling mechanism adds to the range of effects that potentially find useful application in hybrid solid-state quantum computing devices as well as low-power wave-based classical computing architectures.
Poetics of Presence, Vocation, and Attention: The Example of Whitman
Authors: Dean Tim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis essay reevaluates Walt Whitman’s poetics of presence via three new books (by Lucy Alford, Mark Doty, and Peter Riley), arguing that the poet’s commitment to an undifferentiated ontology is as much a part of his radicalism as is his inclusive democratic politics. That undifferentiated ontology (“every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you”) permits Whitman to overcome spatiotemporal boundaries and to address our contemporaneity. His work thus resists historicist models of scholarship that locate him securely in the nineteenth century. Whitman’s conviction that his poetry involves an encounter not with a textual object but with an embodied presence, a living voice, has consequences for our understanding of poetry more broadly. The essay contends that academic criticism misrepresents poems by treating them primarily as textual objects for scholarly or classroom analysis. Claiming that the devocalization of poetry in academic literary studies helps to explain its disciplinary neglect, the essay connects Whitman’s theory of voice and the preponderance of vocatives in his poetry with a nonexceptionalist account of poetic vocation. Whitman encourages contemporary scholars to grasp how attending to a poem entails hearing its vocalization, listening to it rather than reading it only.
II—Must There Be an Empirical Basis for the Theorization of Racialized Subjects in Race-Gender Theory?
Authors: Curry Tommy J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article argues that non-ideal theory fails to deliver on its promise of providing a more accurate account of the real world by which philosophers can address problems of racism, sexual violence, and poverty. Because non-ideal theory relies on abstractions of groups which are idealized as causes for social phenomena, non-idealists imagine that categories like race or gender predict how groups behave in the real world. This article maintains that non-idealist abstractions often result in inaccuracy and makes the case that empirically informed theories and group-based analyses are needed to correct the course of race-gender theory.
Effects of Human Behavior Changes During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Influenza Spread in Hong Kong
Authors: Zhang Nan , Jia Wei , Lei Hao , Wang Peihua , Zhao Pengcheng , Guo Yong , Dung Chung-Hin , Bu Zhongming , Xue Peng , Xie Jingchao , Zhang Yinping , Cheng Reynold , Li Yuguo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to threaten human life worldwide. We explored how human behaviors have been influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong, and how the transmission of other respiratory diseases (eg, influenza) has been influenced by human behavior.

Methods
We focused on the spread of COVID-19 and influenza infections based on the reported COVID-19 cases and influenza surveillance data and investigated the changes in human behavior due to COVID-19 based on mass transit railway data and the data from a telephone survey. We did the simulation based on a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) model to assess the risk reduction of influenza transmission caused by the changes in human behavior.

Results
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of passengers fell by 52.0% compared with the same period in 2019. Residents spent 32.2% more time at home. Each person, on average, came into close contact with 17.6 and 7.1 people per day during the normal and pandemic periods, respectively. Students, workers, and older people reduced their daily number of close contacts by 83.0%, 48.1%, and 40.3%, respectively. The close contact rates in residences, workplaces, places of study, restaurants, shopping centers, markets, and public transport decreased by 8.3%, 30.8%, 66.0%, 38.5%, 48.6%, 41.0%, and 36.1%, respectively. Based on the simulation, these changes in human behavior reduced the effective reproduction number of influenza by 63.1%.

Conclusions
Human behaviors were significantly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. Close contact control contributed more than 47% to the reduction in infection risk of COVID-19.
A nonlinear multiscale inversion approach for ambient noise tomography
Authors: Cabrera-Pérez Iván , D'Auria Luca , Soubestre Jean , Barrancos José , Padilla Germán D , Pérez Nemesio M 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYAmbient noise tomography (ANT) has been considerably used in the last decade in both academic and industrial research. In this work, we propose an innovative technique for ANT based on nonlinear multiscale inversions. Our method relies on a progressive increase in the model parametrization to reduce the nonlinearity of the inverse problem. The developed method is compared with conventional inversion schemes (linear and nonlinear), using different regularization techniques and two different network configurations. The inversion is tested on 22 different synthetic models including classical checkerboard tests. Furthermore, we performed the inversion using real data from a campaign in 2018 at Cumbre Vieja volcano (Canary Islands). The results obtained on both network configurations show an improvement compared to conventional linear and nonlinear inversion schemes, especially when the ray path density is low. This technique does not require expensive computational resources, making it convenient for small-scale industrial applications, especially in the framework of geothermal exploration.
Population history of North Africa based on modern and ancient genomes
Authors: Lucas-Sánchez Marcel , Serradell Jose M , Comas David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Compared with the rest of the African continent, North Africa has provided limited genomic data. Nonetheless, the genetic data available show a complex demographic scenario characterized by extensive admixture and drift. Despite the continuous gene flow from the Middle East, Europe and sub-Saharan Africa, an autochthonous genetic component that dates back to pre-Holocene times is still present in North African groups. The comparison of ancient and modern genomes has evidenced a genetic continuity in the region since Epipaleolithic times. Later population movements, especially the gene flow from the Middle East associated with the Neolithic, have diluted the genetic autochthonous component, creating an east to west gradient. Recent historical movements, such as the Arabization, have also contributed to the genetic landscape observed currently in North Africa and have culturally transformed the region. Genome analyses have not shown evidence of a clear correlation between cultural and genetic diversity in North Africa, as there is no genetic pattern of differentiation between Tamazight (i.e. Berber) and Arab speakers as a whole. Besides the gene flow received from neighboring areas, the analysis of North African genomes has shown that the region has also acted as a source of gene flow since ancient times. As a result of the genetic uniqueness of North African groups and the lack of available data, there is an urgent need for the study of genetic variation in the region and its implications in health and disease.
Pretransplant Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cellular Immunity and Risk of Viral Reactivation Following Lung Transplantation: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Altaf Mohammed , Lineburg Katie E , Crooks Pauline , Rehan Sweera , Matthews Katherine K , Neller Michelle A , Ambalathingal George R , Sinha Debottam , Grant Michelle , Hopkins Peter M A , Chambers Daniel , Khanna Rajiv , Smith Corey 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a significant burden in lung transplant recipients. Deficiencies in T-cell immunity posttransplant increase the risk of CMV-associated complications. However, it is not clear if underlying poor pretransplant immunity increases risk. To assess this, we recruited 39 prospective lung transplant patients and performed QuantiFERON-CMV on their peripheral blood. More than a third of prospective CMV-seropositive transplant recipients were CMV non-immune reactive (CMV-NIR) pretransplant. CMV-NIR status was associated with a significantly higher incidence of CMV reactivation posttransplant, demonstrating that dysfunctional CMV immunity in prospective lung transplant recipients is associated with an increased risk of viral reactivation posttransplant.
CLA4 regulates leaf angle through multiple hormone signaling pathways in maize
Authors: Dou Dandan , Han Shengbo , Cao Liru , Ku Lixia , Liu Huafeng , Su Huihui , Ren Zhenzhen , Zhang Dongling , Zeng Haixia , Dong Yahui , Liu Zhixie , Zhu Fangfang , Zhao Qiannan , Xie Jiarong , Liu Yajing , Cheng Haiyang , Chen Yanhui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLeaf angle is an important agronomic trait in cereals and shares a close relationship with crop architecture and grain yield. Although it has been previously reported that ZmCLA4 can influence leaf angle, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we used the Gal4-LexA/UAS system and transactivation analysis to demonstrate in maize (Zea mays) that ZmCLA4 is a transcriptional repressor that regulates leaf angle. DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-Seq) analysis revealed that ZmCLA4 mainly binds to promoters containing the EAR motif (CACCGGAC) as well as to two other motifs (CCGARGS and CDTCNTC) to inhibit the expression of its target genes. Further analysis of ZmCLA4 target genes indicated that ZmCLA4 functions as a hub of multiple plant hormone signaling pathways: ZmCLA4 was found to directly bind to the promoters of multiple genes including ZmARF22 and ZmIAA26 in the auxin transport pathway, ZmBZR3 in the brassinosteroid signaling pathway, two ZmWRKY genes involved in abscisic acid metabolism, ZmCYP genes (ZmCYP75B1, ZmCYP93D1) related to jasmonic acid metabolism, and ZmABI3 involved in the ethylene response pathway. Overall, our work provides deep insights into the ZmCLA4 regulatory network in controlling leaf angle in maize.
Most of the cool CGM of star-forming galaxies is not produced by supernova feedback
Authors: Afruni Andrea , Fraternali Filippo , Pezzulli Gabriele 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The characterization of the large amount of gas residing in the galaxy halos, the so called circumgalactic medium (CGM), is crucial to understand galaxy evolution across cosmic time. We focus here on the the cool (T ∼ 104 K) phase of this medium around star-forming galaxies in the local universe, whose properties and dynamics are poorly understood. We developed semi-analytical parametric models to describe the cool CGM as an outflow of gas clouds from the central galaxy, as a result of supernova explosions in the disc (galactic wind). The cloud motion is driven by the galaxy gravitational pull and by the interactions with the hot (T ∼ 106 K) coronal gas. Through a bayesian analysis, we compare the predictions of our models with the data of the COS-Halos and COS-GASS surveys, which provide accurate kinematic information of the cool CGM around more than 40 low-redshift star-forming galaxies, probing distances up to the galaxy virial radii. Our findings clearly show that a supernova-driven outflow model is not suitable to describe the dynamics of the cool circumgalactic gas. Indeed, to reproduce the data, we need extreme scenarios, with initial outflow velocities and mass loading factors that would lead to unphysically high energy coupling from the supernovae to the gas and with supernova efficiencies largely exceeding unity. This strongly suggests that, since the outflows cannot reproduce most of the cool gas absorbers, the latter are likely the result of cosmological inflow in the outer galaxy halos, in analogy to what we have previously found for early-type galaxies.
Enteropeptidase inhibitor SCO-792 effectively prevents kidney function decline and fibrosis in a rat model of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Katayama Yuko , Sugama Jun , Suzuki Tomohisa , Ishimura Yoshimasa , Kobayashi Akihiro , Moritoh Yusuke , Watanabe Masanori 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundInhibiting enteropeptidase, a gut serine protease regulating protein digestion, suppresses food intake and ameliorates obesity and diabetes in mice. However, the effects of enteropeptidase inhibition on kidney parameters are largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the chronic effects of an enteropeptidase inhibitor, SCO-792, on kidney function, albuminuria and kidney pathology in spontaneously hypercholesterolaemic (SHC) rats, a rat chronic kidney disease (CKD) model.MethodsSCO-792, an orally available enteropeptidase inhibitor, was administered [0.03% and 0.06% (w/w) in the diet] to 20-week-old SHC rats showing albuminuria and progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for five weeks. The effects of SCO-792 and the contribution of amino acids to these effects were evaluated.ResultsSCO-792 increased the faecal protein content, indicating that SCO-792 inhibited enteropeptidase in SHC rats. Chronic treatment with SCO-792 prevented GFR decline and suppressed albuminuria. Moreover, SCO-792 improved glomerulosclerosis and kidney fibrosis. Pair feeding with SCO-792 (0.06%) was less effective in preventing GFR decline, albuminuria and renal histological damage than SCO-792 treatment, indicating the enteropeptidase-inhibition-dependent therapeutic effects of SCO-792. SCO-792 did not affect the renal plasma flow, suggesting that its effect on GFR was mediated by an improvement in filtration fraction. Moreover, SCO-792 increased hydrogen sulphide production capacity, which has a role in tissue protection. Finally, methionine and cysteine supplementation to the diet abrogated SCO-792-induced therapeutic effects on albuminuria.ConclusionsSCO-792-mediated inhibition of enteropeptidase potently prevented GFR decline, albuminuria and kidney fibrosis; hence, it may have therapeutic potential against CKD.
Changes in Tobacco Use During the 2020 COVID-19 Lockdown in New Zealand
Authors: Gendall Philip , Hoek Janet , Stanley James , Jenkins Mathew , Every-Palmer Susanna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionNew Zealand’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic was one of the most restrictive lockdowns of any country, inevitably causing stress for many people. Because situations that increase stress and anxiety are associated with higher smoking prevalence, we examined self-reported smoking before and during the lockdown, and analyzed factors associated with reported changes in cigarette consumption.Aims and MethodsWe conducted an online panel survey of a demographically representative sample of 2010 adult New Zealanders during the COVID-19 lockdown; the final, weighted sample included 261 daily smokers and 71 weekly smokers. We measured psychological distress and anxiety, as well as situational factors, tobacco consumption, and demographic attributes.ResultsNearly half of daily smokers reported smoking more during than before the lockdown, on average, an increase of six cigarettes a day; increased daily cigarette consumption was associated with loneliness and isolation. Most weekly smokers reported either that their smoking during the lockdown had not changed or had slightly reduced.ConclusionsSmoking cessation services need to anticipate that unexpected disruptions, such as pandemic lockdowns, may be associated with increased daily tobacco consumption, and that this increase may be sustained after lockdown. While public health responses to pandemics predictably focus on immediate and obvious consequences, interventions to support recent quitters and those making quit attempts should also form a key component of pandemic planning.ImplicationsAs governments introduce unprecedented measures to manage COVID-19, they need also to consider other public health risks, such as increased smoking among current smokers or relapse among recent quitters. Evidence that loneliness was associated with increased smoking during a lockdown suggests a need for cessation out-reach strategies that promote and support smoke-free practices.
Formation of mass gap compact object and black hole binary from Population III stars
Authors: Kinugawa Tomoya , Nakamura Takashi , Nakano Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We performed population synthesis simulations of Population III binary stars with Maxwellian kick velocity distribution when MGCOs (mass gap compact objects, with mass $2$–$5\,M_{\odot}$) are formed. We found that for eight kick velocity dispersion models of $\sigma_{\rm k}=0$–$500\&gt;$km$\&gt;$s$^{-1}$, the mean mass of black hole (BH)-MGCO binary is $\sim (30 \,M_\odot,\,2.6 \,M_\odot)$. In numerical data of our simulations, we found the existence of a BH-MGCO binary with mass $(22.9 \,M_\odot,\,2.5 \,M_\odot)$ which looks like GW190814.
Interventions for improving attraction and retention of health workers in rural and underserved areas: a systematic review of systematic reviews
Authors: Esu E B , Chibuzor M , Aquaisua E , Udoh E , Sam O , Okoroafor S , Ongom M , Effa E , Oyo-ita A , Meremikwu M 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Global health workforce shortages exist with disparities in the skill mix and distribution of health workers. Rural and underserved populations are often disadvantaged in terms of access to health care.

Methods
This systematic review summarized all systematic reviews that assessed interventions for improving attraction and retention of health workers in rural and underserved areas. We systematically searched selected electronic databases up to 31 March 2020. The authors independently screened the reviews, extracted data and assessed the certainty of evidence using GRADE. Review quality was assessed using the ROBIS tool.

Results
There was a paucity of evidence for the effectiveness of the various interventions. Regulatory measures were able to attract health workers to rural and underserved areas, particularly when obligations were attached to incentives. However, health workers were likely to relocate from these areas once their obligations were completed. Recruiting rural students and rural placements improved attraction and retention although most studies were without control groups, which made conclusions on effectiveness difficult.

Conclusions
Cost-effective utilization of limited resources and the adoption and implementation of evidence-based health workforce policies and interventions that are tailored to meet national health system contexts and needs are essential.
Vertical and Horizontal Networks Revisited: Exploring Their Effects on Attitudes and Advocacy Toward Nuclear Energy
Authors: Satoh Keiichi , Weiss Tobias 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
After the Fukushima accident, Japan experienced a drastic decline in nuclear energy use because of resistance from civil society. This civil society activity can be explained by the strong social capital forged in Japanese communities. By contrast, the classical (and some recent) literature has argued that Japan’s dense network of associations and groups functions to disseminate conservative ideology and thus control civil society. The classical school of thought has described networks of conservative organizations as vertical in contrast to horizontal networks. This article explores the empirical evidence in this discussion by analyzing the effect of affiliation of each type of group on the members’ attitude and advocacy toward nuclear energy policy based on our survey (n = 77,084) conducted in late 2017. Detailed analysis of group effects of relevant group features led us to reconceptualize the aforementioned dichotomy. Vertical networks are often associated with groups’ conservatism but vary in the degree of postmaterialism and activism. Each dimension of group features has different effects on members’ opinions of nuclear energy, sentiment toward antinuclear movements, and antinuclear advocacy. Neither social capital theory nor vertical network theory is fully confirmed by this study. Both effects can be observed in different segments of respondents.
Image Morphometric Analysis of B Cells and Plasma Cells in Erythema Nodosum Leprosum With Clinicopathological Correlation
Authors: Biswas Dipanwita , Sethy Madhusmita , Behera Biswanath , Palit Aparna , Mitra Suvradeep 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:
Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) occurs as an immunological complication of multibacillary leprosy (MBL). The pathogenesis of ENL is long considered to be a T-cell–mediated process. The role of B cells and plasma cells in ENL is not well described in the literature. Therefore, we investigated the B-cell and plasma cell infiltrates in the skin biopsies of biopsy-proven cases of ENL by immunohistochemistry and image morphometry and compared the result with paucibacillary leprosy and MBL. Moreover, we sought a correlation of the B-cell and plasma cell infiltrates with different clinical, hematological, histopathological, and bacteriological parameters as well as the T-cell subsets in the skin biopsies. Our study highlighted a significant reduction in the number of B cells from paucibacillary leprosy to MBL to ENL, although there was no significant variation in the plasma cell infiltrate. The plasma cell infiltrate correlated with absolute neutrophilia in the blood and the presence of eosinophils in the ENL lesions. Both B cells and plasma cells positively correlated with CD4-positive T-helper cells and the CD8-positive cytotoxic T cells. Besides, the B cells also correlated positively with the CD3-positive pan T cells in the biopsy and negatively correlated with the T-regulatory:T-cell ratio. Our results suggested the role of B cells and plasma cells even at the tissue level in the pathobiogenesis of ENL.