bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education and alcohol use in adolescence – The role of social causation and health-related selection
Authors: Schmengler H , Peeters M , Kunst A E , Oldehinkel A J , Vollebergh W A M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Both social causation and health-related selection may influence educational gradients in alcohol use in adolescence. From past studies it is unclear which of these mechanisms predominates, as drinking may be both a cause and consequence of low educational attainment. Furthermore, gradients in alcohol use may reflect 'third variables' already present in childhood, such as parental socioeconomic status (SES), effortful control, and IQ. We investigated social causation and health-related selection in the development of educational gradients in alcohol use.

Methods
We used data from a Dutch population-based cohort (TRAILS Study; n = 2,229), including measurements of educational level and drinking at ages around 14, 16, 19, 22, and 26 years. First, we evaluated the directionality in longitudinal associations between education and alcohol use with cross-lagged panel models, with and without adjusting for pre-existing individual differences using fixed effects. Second, we assessed the role of childhood characteristics around age 11, i.e. IQ, effortful control, and parental SES, both as confounders in these longitudinal associations, and as predictors of educational level and drinking around age 14.

Results
In fixed effects models, lower education at age 14 strongly predicted increases in drinking at 16. From age 19 onward, we found a non-significant tendency towards opposite associations, with higher education predicting increases in alcohol use. Alcohol use was not associated with subsequent changes in education. All childhood characteristics strongly predicted education around age 14 and, to a lesser extent, early drinking.

Conclusions
We found conclusive evidence for social causation from education to alcohol use in early adolescence only, and no evidence for selection attributable to alcohol use. By determining initial educational level, childhood characteristics also predict subsequent trajectories in alcohol use.

Key messages
Our findings illustrate the importance of social causation in relation to alcohol use in early adolescence, while no support was found for health-related selection from alcohol use to education. Parental SES, effortful control, and IQ in childhood strongly predicted educational level in early adolescence, which subsequently predicted trajectories in alcohol use during adolescence.
How effective is a social norms programme in changing perceived injunctive norms about drug use?
Authors: Stock C , Vallentin-Holbech l 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Social norm theory suggests that students often overestimate the frequency and quantity of drug use among their peers (descriptive norms) as well as how acceptable their peers feel these risky behaviours to be (injunctive norms) and tend to match their own behaviour to this incorrect perception. This study aims to investigate whether a Danish social norms based intervention (The GOOD Life) using both descriptive and injunctive normative information may change students perception of peers' attitudes towards smoking, drinking and using cannabis.
In total 38 schools were included in a cluster-randomised controlled trial and allocated to either intervention (n = 641) or control group (n = 714) during 2015/2016. Students (aged 13-17 years) from both groups completed an online survey before the intervention and 3 months after baseline. The GOOD Life intervention provided normative feedback tailored for each school-grade using three communication channels: classroom sessions, posters and web application. Outcome measures were perception of peers' attitude towards: smoking, drinking alcohol, getting drunk and using cannabis. All with five response options from 'never okay' (1) to 'okay' (5). Intervention effects at follow-up were examined using ordinal logistic regression models and marginal effect-estimates.
Students in the intervention group were less likely to perceive peers to approve of smoking (Coef: -0.22, p = 0.04, 95%CI [-0.43; -0.01]). The marginal effect estimates showed that compared to the control group, students in the intervention group were 5% more likely to perceive that peers think it is never okay to smoke, 3% less likely to perceive that peers think it is okay to smoke occasionally and 1% less likely to perceive that peers think it is okay to smoke frequently. No significant effects were found for injunctive norms regarding alcohol consumption and cannabis use.

Key messages
The intervention The GOOD life has potential to produce change in perceived injunctive norms among Danish adolescents. Prevention programmes should thoroughly consider how to incorporate injunctive normative feedback.
Perspectives of asylum seekers, refugees, and other migrant groups on approaches to catch-up vaccination on arrival to Europe
Authors: Louka C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Very few research studies to date have explored the views and concerns of the broad range of migrants residing in Europe around vaccination in general, vaccine hesitancy, and approaches to catch-up vaccination on arrival. In this talk, CL will discuss the current research in this area, and implications for policy and practice.
The experience of the Italian Global Burden of Disease Initiative
Authors: Monasta L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In 2007, two groups of Italian researchers started collaborating with the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) to contribute to the generation of the first GBD 2010 estimates, published in 2012 in The Lancet.
Early 2016, the Italian GBD collaborators, 12 at that time, decided to work together, to strengthen the exchange with IHME and gain ownership on the Italian estimates. The group aimed to: 1) exchange experiences, and coordinate activities related to the production and revision of Italian GBD estimates and for specific areas of expertise; 2) disseminate GBD estimates at national and regional level, and foster the active participation of health planners; 3) intensify the sharing of data and information with IHME and reach an agreement for the production of sub-national estimates; and 4) elaborate joint research projects to cover data gaps.
In October 2018, IHME agreed to generate sub-national estimates for Italy, which are now being reviewed and will be officially published in May 2021. A thorough analysis of the epidemiological situation in Italy, using GBD 2017, was published in November 2019 in The Lancet Public Health. Other articles are currently being submitted. Researchers are structured in thematic working groups (Core Groups) while Regional Health Authorities are gradually becoming involved, gaining confidence in the use of GBD metrics and contributing to the sub-national revisions.
The Italian GBD Initiative held a two-day meeting in Rome in January 2020, to discuss preliminary sub-national estimates. The Core Groups revised the estimates and identified data sources that could further improve the estimates. The results were then discussed with IHME in March 2020.
The Italian group can now count on 75 collaborators from 30 research institutes.
The Italian bottom-up approach, involving researchers and research institutes without a national political mandate, has shown both positive and negative aspects, as will be discussed during the workshop.
New population health methods require innovative health information business models
Authors: Lisbon L , Tijhuis M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
InfAct is tackling the European Health Information (HI) sustainability. New population HI methods should be designed to be sustainable European-wide. Internet and digital health developments have also creating the need for innovative business model for the HI-RI that provides value to all involved stakeholders.

Methods
Leveraging from previous work and from a SWOT analysis, covering both market environment and health data opportunities, a set of health information services was designed. The evaluation of these services was done using Business Model Canvas (BMC), a strategic management template for developing new and innovative business models. Its visual chart was used for describing the services value proposition, infrastructure, customers, and finances. The usefulness of resources is paramount in healthcare. Therefore, it is important to assess the actual benefits obtained with the services.

Results
The SWOT analysis has shown the importance of addressing innovative HI business models to tackle the challenge of a healthcare sector more and more driven by information. Four main services were selected to support a European health information strategy: One-stop Shop, Innovation Research in HI (e.g. access to more updated HI), Capacity Building in HI (e.g., training support), and Knowledge translation research for decision-making (e.g., support policies with evidence-based). BMC analysis contributed to the identification of services value and innovative approach to the health data market.
Moreover, from this analysis proper access to services required sophisticated HI infrastructure that should be able to brokering information in a competitive way.

Conclusions
Novel HI requires innovative business models services based on priority and planning for the next stages grounded on a sustainable roadmap towards the construction of a HI platform. BMC analysis provided the support for the prioritizations and helped designing the HI marketing and adoption strategy.
Promoting mental health literacy in schools
Authors: Fretian A , Kirchhoff S , Graf P , Bauer U 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Adolescence is the most suitable time for health promotion and prevention programs regarding mental illness to start. Given that, about half of the mental illnesses will develop by the age of 14, addressing this issue early in the life course is a particular public health goal in Europe. Mental health literacy is considered a key determinant of good mental health, as it comprises adequate knowledge positive attitudes towards mental health and help-seeking behavior. School-based interventions aimed at increasing mental health literacy are a promising method to reach most young people, at least in countries were school attendance is mandatory. The goal of our project is to evaluate a mental health school program, adapted from a Curriculum originating in Canada, in regard to its ability to increase the mental health literacy of adolescents and young adults within the German school setting.

Methods
Data is currently being collected within the school setting from adolescents and young adults attending regular secondary schools and vocational schools in Germany at three different time points: (T0) before the intervention, (T1) afterwards and (T2) 2-3 months later. A control group will be questioned as well. Data collection takes place between February and December 2020.

Results
Till October 2020 a sample size of about 200 to 400 participants will be reached. It is expected that the intervention group will have a significantly higher increase in mental health literacy, more positive attitudes towards help-seeking and a decrease in stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness compared to the control group.

Conclusions
It is expected that, the mental health Curriculum will show to be an effective way of promoting the mental health literacy of young people attending different school forms in Germany. A national wide implementation might be a promising public health measure for fostering good mental health and mental health literacy in adolescents and young people.
Teacher Mental Health Literacy: Results from a State-wide Survey in Schools
Authors: Bauer U , Okan O , Faulbaum F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Teachers have an important role to play in context of mental health literacy (MHL) promotion of school-aged children. Their MHL is seen as the counterpart of student`s health literacy. Especially vulnerable schoolchildren such as those affected by adverse life events (e.g. parental mental health problems) can benefit from programs. In addition, the whole school environment has impact on school mental health promotion. Yet, only little evidence is available on teachers MHL in Europe. The aim is to provide evidence from a state-wide survey on the state of MHL of teachers in Germany.

Methods
Based on semi-structured interviews with school teachers from all school types in one federal state, including primary and secondary schools, a MHL online questionnaire was developed. The survey was conducted in in 2017 in N = 2500 teachers in Germany. Descriptive and regression analyse have been performed.

Results
Teachers feel considerable uncertainties when working with children affected by adversities related to parental mental health problems. Dealing with the social family background seems hard. Teachers state that they don`t feel comfortable when aiming at mental health promotion of affected children or children in general. Data also show that they may tend to make misjudgements, and that they are not sufficiently trained to address mental health issues in the classrooms. Regression models show that the degree and quality of teaching mental health is affected by differences across school forms, satisfaction with and engagement of school principals in mental health action, learned strategies to respond to parents, and experienced stress, burden and exposure during their work.

Conclusions
Increasing teacher MHL and the environmental capacities and responsiveness towards school mental health promotion should be an important capacity building strategy. Policy support for school mental health promotion is a critical means to sustain effective whole-school approaches.
Lifecourse-varying exposure to structural stigma, minority stress reactions, and mental health among sexual minority male migrants
Authors: van der Star A , Bränström R , Pachankis J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Increasing evidence suggests that structural stigma (e.g., discriminatory laws, policies, and population attitudes) can give rise to minority stress reactions (i.e., rejection sensitivity, internalized homophobia, and identity concealment) to compromise sexual minorities' mental health. Yet, many sexual minorities encounter divergent structural-stigma contexts over the life course, with potentially important implications for their experience of minority stress reactions and mental health. We take advantage of sexual minority male migrants' lifecourse-varying exposures to structural stigma contexts to examine this possibility.

Methods
A sample of 247 sexual minority men who had migrated from 71 countries to the low-structural-stigma context of Sweden completed a survey regarding migration experiences, minority stress reactions, and mental health. This survey was linked to objective indices of structural stigma present in these men's countries of origin, diverse in terms of structural stigma.

Results
Country-of-origin structural stigma was significantly associated with poor mental health and this association was mediated by rejection sensitivity and internalized homophobia, but only among those who arrived to Sweden at an older age and more recently.

Conclusions
Prolonged exposure to high levels of structural stigma can give rise to stressful cognitive, affective, and behavioral patterns to jeopardize sexual minority men's mental health; yet, these consequences of structural stigma may wane with increased duration of exposure to more supportive structural contexts.
The risks of public health partnerships with the food and beverage industry
Authors: McKe M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Martin McKee will question whether the private sector can be trusted to act as partners in addressing global health issues such as the NCD pandemic, and present evidence that suggests health actors should proceed with caution when considering the industry as potential bedfellows. He will argue that the known actions of many commercial organisations impose an obligation on those seeking to engage with public health bodies to demonstrate absolute transparency, while the public health bodies have an obligation to understand the ways in which commercial organisations seek to shape the dominant narrative and capture regulatory processes.
Climate-smart health care: the power of health care action on air pollution and climate change
Authors: Wang J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
If one sector is indisputably at the frontline of climate change and air pollution, bearing the costs of increased diseases and more frequent extreme weather events, it is health care. At the same time, the health care sector is a significant contributor to air pollution and climate change, driving an increase in the diseases it is trying to treat. It is not only health care organizations that will be impacted by these dual environmental health menaces, but every individual who relies on their services. The health sector has an opportunity to not only prevent further damage from the air pollution and climate crises, but also to improve health outcomes by decarbonizing, building climate resilience, and amplifying the message around the interdependency between climate change and human health. We will present a framework, co-developed by WHO and Health Care Without Harm, for climate-resilient, sustainable health facilities. We will also highlight the power of health care strategies to tackle air pollution and climate change, exploring examples from India, the United States, Europe, and other regions. The discussion will focus around our findings that health care is one of the most important actors that can drive widespread sustainable solutions and incentivize positive health outcomes globally. The health sector can also play a critical role in advocating for a healthy environment by using its voice and its economic clout to reduce its own climate footprint while becoming a community anchor for sustainability and a leader in the global climate movement. We conclude that when health care is speaking, people listen; when health care acts, markets respond; when health care improves, people's lives are impacted; and we have a framework for scaling this impact around the world.
A critical refection on the enablers of transformative health promotion action
Authors: Barry M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The goal of ensuring that all human beings can have healthy lives and can maximise their health potential calls for concerted action on health promotion as an integral component of modern health systems and public policy. In addressing current health and global challenges, there is an urgent need to move beyond the rhetoric of health promotion towards concrete action and strengthening the capacity of countries to implement health promotion at a political, policy and service delivery level. This presentation reviews progress to date and critically considers the enabling mechanisms and system requirements for transformative health promotion actions that can improve the capacity of health and social systems to improve population health and wellbeing, reduce health inequities, and realise the ambitions of the SDGs and the right to health for all. Drawing on a recent report prepared for the European Commission, this presentation discusses what actions are needed to strengthen health promoting policies, research and practices that support a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach. This presentation makes the case for investing in transformative actions for improved health and wellbeing. Health promotion needs to be placed at the centre of the health policy and sustainable development agenda in order to enhance the resilience of health systems, improve health equity, and make health promotion practices and actions integral to the global health and wellbeing agenda.
Strengthening health promotion research
Authors: Potvin L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Neither the Ottawa Charter nor any other WHO Conference declarations mention research and its role as a driver of health promotion practice. As a result, health promotion is often perceived as a discourse based on principles and values, an ideology that lacks scientific rigour. Despite this lack of recognition in health promotion documents, there is a burgeoning research domain that labels itself health promotion. The growing number of journals that publish empirical studies related to health promotion, the growing number of research training programs with a subspeciality in health promotion, and the growing number of research infrastructure (research chairs, research centres, institutes and so on) are all sure signs of a thriving research enterprise. However, these are institutionally disparate and dispersed in various disciplinary such as: education, public health, psychology and others. Up to now, health promotion research has followed what one could call “potluck” a development model. In this model, interested individuals come with their own piece of empirical study, anchored in their disciplinary perspective, and the study is labelled health promotion essentially because they have decided to label it this way. As a result, the field of health promotion research also appears as disparate, wherein various and even contradictory epistemological and ethical perspectives are present.
In this presentation, we will argue that health promotion as a practice and as policy systems would benefit from a stronger and more unified field of health promotion research, to the extent that research creates knowledge based on these practices and policy systems. Using a sustainability framework, we will show how research reinforces the conditions for the sustainability of health promotion practice and systems and we will propose some methodological and ethical principles with the potential to strengthen the positive and mutual benefits of health promotion research and practice.