bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Blood-Saving Program in a Pediatric Intensive
Care Unit to Reduce Diagnostic Blood Loss
Authors: Michel Jörg , Hofbeck Michael , Balcells Judit Vinuales , Kumpf Matthias , Neunhoeffer Felix 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background We aimed to reduce blood loss in the pediatric critical care
unit (PICU) due to blood sampling in neonates and infants. Therefore, an
educational program for our staff was established and evaluated.
Methods Patients in a PICU of a tertiary referral center aged
0–12 months who underwent surgery of congenital heart disease on
cardiopulmonary bypass were enrolled and divided into a pre- and a
post-implementation group. We assessed frequency and types of postoperative
blood samples, required blood volume, and amount of blood transfusions in the
PICU within 5 days after cardiac surgery.
Results Populations were similar prior and after the implementation.
Blood drawn for blood gas analysis (0,52 ml±0,16 vs.
0,38 ml±0,12, p<0,001) and for complete blood sampling
(2,62 ml±0,32 vs. 2,11 ml±0,35, p<0,001)
could be successfully reduced after implementation of our blood-saving program.
The daily diagnostic blood loss per patient was significantly reduced by
approximately 35% (1,7 ml/kg/d±1,0 vs.
1,1 ml/kg/d±0,7, p=0,008).
Discussion Our quality improvement program is feasible and effective to
significantly reduce the blood loss due to blood sampling. Although the
incidence of red blood cell transfusions was not significantly reduced, it is
certainly beneficial to try to reduce diagnostic blood loss, especially in
children with complex diseases requiring long-term intensive care treatment.
Conclusion We could demonstrate that it is possible to significantly
reduce the blood loss due to blood sampling with a simple educational program
for PICU staff.
Traumatic Brain Injury in Young Children: A Scoping Review
Authors: Salley Jessica , Crook Libby , Ciccia Angela , Haarbauer-Krupa Juliet , Lundine Jennifer P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo review the evidence available on early childhood (i.e., 0–5 years 11 months) traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identify clinical implications and future directions for speech-language pathology (SLP) practice and research, a scoping review of the literature was conducted following the 2018 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRSIMA-ScR) guidelines. A total of 44 peer-reviewed articles were included for review. Included studies were assigned one or more of the following thematic labels related to early childhood TBI: etiology, assessment, treatment, outcomes, contributing factors. Most of the studies were nonexperimental studies and addressed outcomes following early childhood TBI. We conclude, based on this scoping review, that children who experience a TBI before 6 years of age are at risk for persistent long-term difficulties in academic and social functioning. SLPs are among the group of clinicians most appropriate to assess and treat these children; yet, the evidence for assessment, treatment, and identification of factors contributing to the recovery of young children with TBI is particularly lacking. Rigorous research is needed to improve the evidence base for SLPs.
Gene editing and gender-specific medicine: a challenge for dementia research
Authors: Zullo Silvia , Caenazzo Luciana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGender-specific medicine is a clinical discipline that studies the impact of sex and gender on physiology, pathophysiology, and diseases. Human genome modification of somatic cells could be useful for treating or preventing a range of diseases and for improving the safety and efficiency of existing gene therapy techniques currently in use or under development for clinical application. Sex and gender differences have been analysed in the incidence and prevalence of dementia. In fact, epidemiological studies have demonstrated that women are at a higher risk than men for developing dementia or Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the reasons for these differences are not completely known, and the debate is still underway. In recent years, in the effort to clarify the risk of developing dementia or AD, increasing attention has been devoted to the differences between men and women in the causes and manifestations of neurological diseases, as well as to their response to treatment and to outcomes. Through a conceptual analysis we will argue that an emphasis on gender-specific medicine in gene-editing research can contribute to the progress of medicine by introducing a relevant value-driven perspective on health and diseases. This is something we will do on the basis of a gender-specific strategy. In fact, focusing on the effect of sex on dementias and in particular AD may be essential in advancing our understanding, treatment and prevention of these disorders, considering that AD and other dementias disproportionately affect women, and it underlined the relevance of empirical data relating to sex differences and emerging sex-specific findings in dementias in order to assess the scientific approach to these diseases for the improvement of quality of life for both women and men. It may be helpful and suitable to consider how the interventions that modify the genome should include sex and gender as a crucially important variable accounting for the differences between men and women in the causes and manifestations of diseases, as well as in the response to treatment and to outcomes. Of course, gene editing cannot remove biological differences, but its potential harmful effects, on one group relative to another, can be prevented with a research strategy that properly takes them into account with a view to equity between genders.
Frost-free zone on macrotextured surfaces
Authors: Yao Yuehan , Zhao Tom Y. , Machado Christian , Feldman Emma , Patankar Neelesh A. , Park Kyoo-Chul 
Published: March 2020

Significance
In spite of a decades-long surface science research endeavor to reduce frost coverage, most state-of-the-art surfaces developed based on micrometer/nanometer and molecular-level surface treatment still suffer from surface degradation and result in full frost coverage under continuous frosting conditions. Based on our fundamental understanding of discontinuous frost patterns found on the leaf vein structure on the scale of millimeters, we elucidate the thermodynamic correlation between the frost-free area and two major surface system parameters—macroscopic surface geometry and ambient humidity. This systematic study on the frost formation mechanism allows us to demonstrate a ∼50% of frost coverage even for superhydrophilic surfaces and provides a quantitative guideline for further reducing frost coverage.
Mild depolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane is a crucial component of an anti-aging program
Authors: Vyssokikh Mikhail Y. , Holtze Susanne , Averina Olga A. , Lyamzaev Konstantin G. , Panteleeva Alisa A. , Marey Maria V. , Zinovkin Roman A. , Severin Fedor F. , Skulachev Maxim V. , Fasel Nicolas , Hildebrandt Thomas B. , Skulachev Vladimir P. 
Published: March 2020

Significance
The mitochondria, organelles that produce the largest amounts of ATP and reactive oxygen species (mROS) in living cells, are equipped with a universal mechanism that can completely prevent mROS production. This mechanism consists of mild depolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane to decrease the membrane potential to a level sufficient to form ATP but insufficient to generate mROS. In short-lived mice, aging is accompanied by inactivation of the mild depolarization mechanism, resulting in chronic poisoning of the organism with mROS. However, mild depolarization still functions for many years in long-lived naked mole rats and bats.
Necroptosis-blocking compound NBC1 targets heat shock protein 70 to inhibit MLKL polymerization and necroptosis
Authors: Johnston Andrea N. , Ma Yuyong , Liu Hua , Liu Shuzhen , Hanna-Addams Sarah , Chen She , Chen Chuo , Wang Zhigao 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Necroptosis is a regulated form of necrotic cell death implicated in many human diseases, including infection, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cancer. TNF-induced necroptosis results in the formation of MLKL tetramers, which further polymerize to form disulfide bond-dependent amyloid-like fibers to promote cell death. Here we report the identification of a necroptosis-blocking compound, NBC1, which covalently conjugates two cysteines of chaperone Hsp70. Importantly, Hsp70 requires these two cysteines to promote polymerization of MLKL tetramers in an ATP-independent manner. NBC1 blocks MLKL polymerization and subsequent cell death. This work reinforces the importance of MLKL polymer formation and identifies chaperone Hsp70 as an obligatory facilitator for MLKL polymerization, providing further insights for intervention of necroptosis-associated diseases.
Defects in nanosilica catalytically convert CO2to methane without any metal and ligand
Authors: Mishra Amit K. , Belgamwar Rajesh , Jana Rajkumar , Datta Ayan , Polshettiwar Vivek 
Published: March 2020

SignificanceReducing the CO2levels in Earth’s atmosphere is key to stop further environmental degradation. CO2conversion to methane (green fuel) using renewable hydrogen is considered as one of the best options with great potential for simultaneously resolving energy and environmental challenges, although the production of hydrogen from renewable resources also needs to be economically viable. Unfortunately, this process needs an expensive metal or complex organometallics and most of them suffer from instability and poor selectivity toward methane. In this work, using the defect engineering approach, we develop metal-free–ligand-free nanocatalysts, which convert CO2to methane at the significant rates, scales, and stabilities.
IPyA glucosylation mediates light and temperature signaling to regulate auxin-dependent hypocotyl elongation in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Chen Lu , Huang Xu-Xu , Zhao Shu-Man , Xiao Dong-Wang , Xiao Lang-Tao , Tong Jian-Hua , Wang Wen-Shuai , Li Yan-Jie , Ding Zhaojun , Hou Bing-Kai 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Auxin plays a crucial role in the life cycle of plants. In plant cells, auxin concentration must be closely controlled for optimal auxin responses. However, the underlying mechanism governing auxin homeostasis remains largely unknown. In this study, UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT76F1) has been identified as involved in auxin homeostasis by glucosylation of the major auxin precursor (IPyA) to form IPyA glucose conjugates (IPyA-Glc). This glucosylation process is negatively regulated by the transcription factor PIF4 and plays a vital role in light- and temperature-dependent hypocotyl growth. This study suggests that IPyA-Glc formation is a key event in the control of auxin biosynthesis, thereby revealing a mechanism of auxin homeostasis that adapts to the plant environment through IPyA glucosylation.
Email requests in an ELF academic setting
Authors: Dombi Judit 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmail messages have become the prevalent medium in academic communication between students and faculty at Hungarian universities. Over the past decade communication with international students of diverse language and cultural backgrounds has made the use of English as a lingua franca (ELF) typical in a previously culturally homogeneous setting. This paper analyzes email requests written by international students of various first language (L1) backgrounds (N = 37). The aim is to characterize requests in terms of directness, strategy use, request modification, address forms and closings. Findings shed light on three salient features of ELF requests: an overall preference for direct strategies, a limited range of internal modifiers, and uses of mostly formal, though not always academic address forms. Given the goal-driven nature of ELF interactions, the paper argues that these characteristics may serve as pragmatic strategies to preempt misunderstanding and to enhance intelligibility. Furthermore, interactants’ wish to express identity and their engagement in constructing new norms specific to their unique ELF contexts may also underlie their pragmalinguistic choices.
Proficiency effects on L2 Arabic refusals
Authors: Al Masaeed Khaled , Taguchi Naoko , Tamimi Mohammed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between L2 proficiency and (1) appropriateness of refusals, (2) use of refusal strategies, and (3) multidialectal practices in performing refusals in Arabic. Using a spoken discourse completion task (spoken DCT), data were collected from 45 learners of Arabic at three different proficiency levels and from 15 Arabic native speakers. The situations used in the spoken DCT varied in power and social distance (i.e., refusing a friend’s request to lend money, refusing a neighbor’s request to lend a car, and refusing a boss’s request to stay late to work extra hours). Findings generally revealed a positive relationship between proficiency and L2 Arabic learners’ appropriateness, use of refusal strategies, and multidialectal practices in their refusals. However, results showed that native speakers solely employed spoken Arabic (i.e., the dialect), while learners relied heavily on Modern Standard Arabic. Analysis of refusal strategies showed that native speakers tended to provide vague explanations in their refusals except when refusing the neighbor’s request, whereas the learners preferred to provide specific reasons for their refusals. Moreover, advanced-level learners were substantially verbose; as a result, their refusals could be perceived as lecturing or criticizing their interlocutor. This paper concludes with implications for researching and teaching L2 Arabic refusals with special attention to multidialectal practices.
Using a corpus in creating and evaluating a DCT
Authors: Hashimoto Brett J. , Nelson Kyra 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) have been one of the most popular tools in pragmatics research. Yet, many have
criticized DCTs for their lack of authenticity (e.g., Culpeper, Mackey, & Taguchi,
2018; Nguyen, 2019). We propose that corpora can serve as resources in
designing and evaluating DCTs. We created a DCT using advice-seeking prompts from the Q+A corpus (Baker & Egbert, 2016). Then, we administered the DCT to 33 participants. We evaluated the DCT by (1)
comparing the linguistic form and the semantic content of the participants’ DCT responses (i.e., advice-giving expressions) with
authentic data from the corpus; and (2) interviewing the participants about the instrument quality. Chi-square tests between DCT
data and corpus data revealed no significant differences in advice-giving expressions in terms of both the overall level of
directness (χ2 [2, N = 660] = 6.94, p = .03, V = .10) and
linguistic realization (χ2 [8, N = 660] = 17.75, p = .02,
V = .16), and showed a significant difference but small effect size in terms of semantic content
(χ2 [6, N = 512] = 30.35, p < .01, V = .24). Taken
together with the interview data, our findings indicate that corpora are useful in designing DCTs.
Telling stories and sharing cultures for constructing identity and solidarity
Authors: Lee Hakyoon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study investigates how immigrant workers construct their identities and social relations by telling stories
in multilingual work environments. My main interest lies in naturally occurring and interactionally achieved stories, from the
participants’ day-to-day interaction at a workplace. Data were collected from the informal interaction among employees at a
nursing home in Honolulu. Positioning itself against studies that focus on linguistic competence of workers and potential problems
of miscommunication and exclusion, this study highlights how employees draw upon shared cultural resources for a more inclusive
interaction.
The analysis of multi-party storytelling shows the dynamic nature of the multilingual interaction, and how the
participants achieve their interactional goals in their specific spatial contexts. It shows how the multilingualism varies in the
local realization and how the participants put their efforts into finding common ground for belonging, achieving social inclusion,
and negotiating mutual understanding with respect to their languages and cultures.
Tara Rai’s Chhapamar Yuwatiko Diary
Authors: Acharya Khagendra , Muldoon Orla T. , Chauhan Jangab 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper examines Tara Rai’s Chhapamar Yuwatiko Diary [‘A Diary of a Young Guerrilla Girl’]
(2010) – a memoir which describes a 15-year-old girl’s experience of first armed
encounter, subsequent detainment, and release from the custody towards the end of the Maoist war in Nepal. We analyze the author’s
narrative of adversity and distress, using thematic analysis. Three themes, namely, (1) perception of impending death, (2) severe
stress reactions, and (3) gradual recovery are found in temporal succession. In a subsequent analysis, we examine using content
analysis the personal, group, and socio-political factors linked to these dominant themes to understand the dynamics associated
with Rai’s understanding of personal experience, and adjustment to violence. Discussion of the findings orient the readers of this
narrative not only to how Rai’s perception of her trauma experience changes but also to how this account can inform the way people
negotiate the trauma of war.
Reconstructing agency using reported private thought in narratives of survivors of sex trafficking
Authors: Lockyer Sue , Wingard Leah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This project investigates narratives of survivors of sex trafficking posted on YouTube and focuses specifically on moments when the survivor started a transition from being trafficked to becoming free. Narrative analysis is used to explore recurrent narrative features and we find that the description of life or death circumstances is one common context for the decision to escape being trafficked. Furthermore, we show how speakers use reported private thoughts (RPT) to narrate the turning point in which they had a realization about their current situation. We examine how the speaker reconstructs her realization, her in-the-moment stance, and subsequent agency in her turning point narrative as she reports how and why she took action to make a change in the situation. The analysis provides insight into how survivors of sex trafficking have transitioned away from trafficking, and how they reconstruct their agency in doing so.
Astragaloside IV suppresses transforming growth factor-β1-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition through inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in glioma U251 cells
Authors: Han Jinming , Shen Xiaohan , Zhang Yong , Wang Suying , Zhou Leijie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS#IV) has previously demonstrated antitumoractivity. We investigated the effect and mechanisms of AS#IV in relation to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), viainterference with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in gliomaU251 cells. Induction of glioma U251 cells by transforming growthfactor (TGF)#β1 activated EMT, including switching E#cadherin toN-cadherin and altering the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signalingpathway components such as vimentin, β-catenin, and cyclin-D1.AS-IV inhibited the viability, invasion, and migration of TGF-β1-induced glioma U251 cells. AS-IV also interfered with the TGF#β1-induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in glioma U251 cells.These findings indicate that AS#IV prohibits TGF#β1-induced EMTby disrupting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in glioma U251 cells. AS#IV may thus be a potential candidate agent for treating glioma andother central nervous system tumors.
Regulating wildlife conservation and food safety to prevent human exposure to novel virus
Authors: Yuan Jingjing , Lu Yonglong , Cao Xianghui , Cui Haotian 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Epidemiological investigation suggested that the current outbreak of COVID-19 virus was associated with a seafood market, and COVID-19 has been identified a probable bat origin. Similar to SARS event in 2003, such a zoonotic disease showed an animal-to-person and even more serious person-to-person spread, and posed a significant threat to the global health and socio-economic development. We analyzed the association of both outbreaks with wildlife diet in China and proposed suggestions for regulating wildlife conservation and food safety to prevent human exposure to the novel virus, including increasing social awareness of hazards in eating wild animals, strengthening legislation on eating and trading of wild animals, improving the standards for food safety, and establishing market supervision mechanism. Regulatory intervention is not only critical for China but also for other countries where wildlife hunting is prevalent to prevent from novel virus exposures.
Tip hydrogen sensor based on liquid-filled in-fiber Fabry–Pérot interferometer with Pt-loaded WO3 coating
Authors: Xu Ben , Zhao F P , Wang D N , Zhao Chun-Liu , Li Jianqing , Yang Minghong , Duan Lingze 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A probe optical fiber hydrogen sensor based on an in-fiber Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The interferometer consists of a micro-cavity which is filled with thermosensitive liquid and lateral surface coated with hydrogen-sensitive material of Pt-loaded WO3. When the sensor is exposed to the hydrogen environment, the refractive index of the liquid in the cavity changes, and then the reflection spectrum of the FPI shifts due to the exothermal reactions between the hydrogen and WO3 in air with the presence of oxygen and the help of catalyst Pt. By detecting the wavelength shift, the hydrogen concentration can be measured accurately. Experimental results show that the proposed sensor has a high hydrogen sensitivity within a range from 0 to 4.0% (vol.%) and a short response time. Moreover, it exhibits many distinct advantages, such as a tip structure with compact size (<100 μm in total dimension), good repeatability and selectivity to hydrogen and immunity to humidity. All these features reveal that the proposed sensor is promising in the fields of hydrogen leaks or concentration measurement in a narrow space.
One-step synthesis of strongly confined, defect-free and hydroxy-terminated ZnO quantum dots
Authors: Jain Gunisha , Rocks Conor , Maguire Paul , Mariotti Davide 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper reports the production of strongly confined ligand-free, defect-free, hydroxy-terminated ZnO quantum dots with a mean diameter of 1.9 nm, by radio frequency atmospheric pressure microplasma. Systematic characterization is performed to understand the surface chemistry of ZnO quantum dots. Photoluminescence studies show strong confinement effect on emission with only ultraviolet (UV) emission without any defect-related visible emission. Emission is again tested after eighteen months and confirms the QDs long-term emission stability. The mechanism responsible for this UV emission is also discussed and originates from OH-related surface terminations.