bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jewish Synagogues and the Topography of Imperial Rome: The Case of the Agrippesioi and Augustesioi
Authors: Flexsenhar Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the Agrippesioi and Augustesioi synagogues of ancient Rome. Known from inscriptions found primarily in the Monteverde Catacombs, the synagogues are conventionally dated to the first century CE. Common opinion is that they were named directly after Marcus Agrippa and the emperor Augustus, both of whom, it is thought, played some part in founding the synagogues. Based on the chronology of the catacombs and the inscriptions, I assign the synagogues to the third and fourth centuries. Taking into account the linguistic and epigraphic comparanda of that period, I argue that the synagogue names were toponyms. They signaled where in Rome the Jewish synagogues were. The analysis has further implications for the history and social setting of Roman Jews. Like other groups at the time, they were identifying themselves based on areas or features in the late antique urban landscape that had been associated with Agrippa and Augustus for centuries.
Altruism and Structure of Values: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Gandullia Luca , Lezzi Emanuela , Parciasepe Paolo , Siri Lidia 
Published: March 2020

Individual structure of values explains many behaviours that people consciously undertake when setting goals for themselves, both in personal and social dimensions. Altruistic behaviours may be influenced, for example, by personal concerns for the well-being and interests of others that fit into a broader framework of values. We use an online experiment to explore how donors (pure altruists, warm-glow givers and impure altruists) differ in their structure of values, and whether their prosocial behaviours are guided by specific sets of values and motivations. We find that donors give great importance to the relationship with others, and they identify themselves with the norms and attitude of a community, responding to the values of tradition, conformity, benevolence and universalism. On the contrary, non-donors do not seem to have this kind of values reference and, therefore, are not inclined to make a donation. Furthermore, we find that impure altruists wish to achieve self-enhancement objectives through altruistic behaviour, as pure warm-glow givers do, but, at the same time, they make a donation because it represents a genuine altruistic act, similarly to pure altruists. JEL: H41, C90, C91
Lessons learned from community- and home-based physical activity programs: A narrative review of factors influencing women’s participation in cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Vidal-Almela Sol , Czajkowski Brenna , Prince Stephanie A , Chirico Daniele , Way Kimberley L , Pipe Andrew L , Reed Jennifer L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death in women. Despite the well-known benefits of cardiac rehabilitation, it remains underutilized, especially among women. Physical activity programs in the community, however, attract a large female population, suggesting that they overcome barriers to physical activity encountered by women. The characteristics of interventions that extend beyond the traditional cardiac rehabilitation model and promote physical activity merit examination.

Objectives
This narrative review aimed to: (a) summarize women’s barriers to attend cardiac rehabilitation; (b) examine the characteristics of community- and home-based physical activity or lifestyle coaching interventions; and (c) discuss which barriers may be addressed by these alternative programs.

Methods
Studies were included if they: (a) were published within the past 10 years; (b) included ≥70% women with a mean age ≥45 years; (c) implemented a community- or home-based physical activity intervention or a lifestyle education/behavioral coaching program; and (d) aimed to improve physical activity levels or physical function.

Results
Most interventions reported high (≥70%) participation rates and significant increases in physical activity levels at follow-up; some improved physical function and/or cardiovascular disease risk factors. Community- and home-based interventions address women’s cardiac rehabilitation barriers by: implementing appealing modes of physical activity (e.g. dancing, group-walking, technology-based balance exercises); adapting the program to meet participants’ needs; offering flexible options regarding timing and setting (e.g. closer to home, the workplace or faith-based institutions); and promoting social interactions.

Conclusion
Cardiac rehabilitation can be enhanced by understanding the specific needs of women; novel elements such as program offerings, convenient settings and opportunities for socialization should be considered when designing cardiac rehabilitation programs.
Tibial access for supra-inguinal embolization in extremely obese patients
Authors: Smith Jason C. , Cho Alex L. , Fujimoto Scott T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExtreme obesity is a risk factor for hemorrhagic complications of femoral access (FA). Femoral lines, hematomas, pelvic binders and coagulopathy in the trauma scenario may also add difficulty and/or risk to FA. Radial access (RA) for routine peripheral endovascular procedures has been popularized owing to decreased hemorrhagic complications, increased patient satisfaction, and decreased operator radiation dose. However, though uncommon, cerebrovascular complications from RA approach are a known risk. Relatively recently, tibial access (TA) has been used for lower extremity peripheral vascular disease interventions. The advantages of TA mirror that of RA, with few and mostly minor complications, and the risk of iatrogenic cerebral embolization is nil. We report the feasibility of TA for supra-inguinal embolization in two extremely obese patients {body mass index > 40 kg/m2} following motor vehicle accidents. Commercially available base and microcatheters were used to perform embolization of the affected lower abdominal or pelvic arteries in standard fashion via a novel trans-tibial artery approach.
RTOG 9804: A prospective randomized trial for “good risk” ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), comparing radiation (RT) to observation (OBS)
Authors: McCormick Beryl 
Published: March 2020

1004 Background: Whole breast RT following conservation surgery (BCS) for low risk DCIS has remained controversial despite several large trials comparing RT to OBS, all showing significant benefit in local control with RT. RTOG 9804 compares RT to OBS for mammographically detected disease, of low or intermediate nuclear grade, <2.5 cm size, and surgical margins ≥ 3 mm. Tamoxifen (TAM) use for 5 years was allowed but not required. Methods: The primary endpoint was ipsilateral breast local failure (LF). LF and contralateral breast failures (CBF) were estimated by the cumulative incidence method and treatment arms compared by log-rank test. Disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and treatment arms compared by log-rank test. Patients were stratified by age, margin width, grade, TAM use, and primary size. With 1790 patients, 80% power and using a 2-sided log rank test at 0.05, the study was designed to detect a reduction in 5-year local recurrence from 6% to 3.5% with RT. Results: Accrual goals for the planned 1790 patients were not met; the study was closed early. From December 1999 to July 2006, 636 women were randomized to receive 50 Gy in 5 weeks vs. OBS. 43 women were ineligible on review and 8 withdrew consent. Median follow-up (F/U) time was 6.46 years. Mean age was 59; TAM was used in 62% of women. There were 2 LF in the RT arm vs. 15 in the OBS arm: at 5 years 0.4% RT vs. 3.2% OBS (p=0.0023, HR [95%CI] = 0.14 [0.03, 0.61]). With limited events, LF is not correlated with size, grade, margin status, or age. The rate of CBF at 5 years was 3.0% for the RT arm vs. 1.9% for the OBS arm (p=0.42, HR [95%CI] = 1.46 [0.59, 3.62]) and does not appear to be influenced by TAM use (3.6 versus 2.7% TAM). The DFS and OS results were excellent. Rate of grade 1-2 toxicity was 76% in the RT arm vs. 30% in the OBS arm, and the rate of ≥ 3 grade toxicities was 4% on both arms. Conclusions: In this “good risk” subset of DCIS, the LF rate was decreased significantly with the addition of RT. Longer follow-up is planned.
Correlation between the DCIS score and traditional clinicopathologic features in the prospectively designed E5194 clinical validation study.
Authors: Badve Sunil S. , Gray Robert James , Baehner Frederick L. , Solin Lawrence J. , Butler Steven M , Yoshizawa Carl , Shak Steven , Hughes Lorie L. , Page David L , Sledge George W. , Davidson Nancy E. , Perez Edith A. , Ingle James N. , Wood William C. , Sparano Joseph A. 
Published: March 2020

1005 Background: We previously reported that in the E5194 clinical trial patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treated with wide local excision (WLE) without radiation (RT), the DCIS Score was significantly associated with 10 year risk of an ipsilateral breast event (IBE - recurrence of in situ or invasive carcinoma), whether evaluated as a continuous or categorical variable (P=0.02 for both). Here we evaluate correlation between DCIS Score and clinicopathologic (CP) features and if DCIS Score provides independent recurrence risk information. Methods: The study population included 327 women with DCIS prospectively selected for treatment with WLE without RT, including low-intermediate grade tumors ≤2.5 cm or high-grade ≤1 cm. CP variables included age, menopausal status, tamoxifen treatment (used in 29%) and expert centrally determined tumor size, grade, comedo necrosis, tumor type, and margin status. The association between DCIS Score and CP variables was examined by spearman rank correlation, and proportional hazards regression models were used to determine variables significantly associated with IBE. Results: Lesion size (p=0.009) and menopausal status (p=0.03) were significantly associated with IBE, while grade (p=0.69) and comedo necrosis (p=0.47) were not. DCIS Score was significantly associated with IBE after adjustment for CP features and tamoxifen use (p=0.02). DCIS Score was moderately correlated with grade (rs=0.46; 95% CI 0.37,0.54), percentage comedo necrosis (rs=0.49; CI 0.41,0.57), and lesion size (rs=0.18; CI 0.08,0.29) but not other features. Exploratory analyses in all CP subgroups, including the multicomponent Van Nuys Prognostic Index, showed a wide range of DCIS Scores in each subgroup. Concordance of the grades among readers was low: local vs parent central, 68%; local vs central nuclear grade, 45%; parent central vs central nuclear grade, 37%. Conclusions: DCIS Score is moderately correlated with grade, comedo necrosis, and tumor size. DCIS Score provides recurrence risk information independent of these features and identifies subjects with DCIS who are at high risk for local invasive and in-situ local recurrence after WLE alone.
Results of pulmonary metastasectomy for osteosarcoma in the pediatric age group.
Authors: Redwan Bassam , Schmidt Joachim , Bedetti Benedetta , Dirksen Uta , Juergens Herbert , Wiebe Karsten 
Published: March 2020

10080 Background: Despite multimodal treatment concepts and complete surgical resection, prognosis in pediatric patients with pulmonary metastases from osteosarcoma has remained limited due to frequent relapse of disease. We investigated the results of an aggressive surgical approach. Methods: In a retrospective study, procedures and outcomes of pulmonary metastasectomy in the pediatric age group (up to 18 years) at our institution were analyzed over a period of 10 years (1999-2009). Resection of the primary osteogenic tumor and chemotherapy (CROSS-96-protocol and EURAMOS-1-protocol) were performed prior to thoracic surgery. Results: Forty-five pediatric patients (20 females) underwent pulmonary metastasectomies via sternotomy or sequential anterolateral thoracotomy at a mean age of 14 (6 -18) years. At primary surgery, a mean number of 7.9 (1 – 53) palpable suspicious lesions were resected per patient. Histo-pathological evaluation revealed 3.7 (0 – 40) metastases per patient. Mean total duration of surgery was 152 (46–323) minutes. Mean hospital stay was 10 days (3 – 33). In-hospital and 30-day mortality was 0%. The overall survival at 1 and 5 years was 97.8% and 77.3%, respectively. Mean disease-free-survival was 12.2 (3.2-38.0) months. In 19 (42.2 %) patients recurrent pulmonary metastases were detected and re-thoracotomies were required. Up to 7 procedures per patient were performed. Overall survival for patients undergoing more than one surgical procedure for recurrent lung metastases was not statistically different from survival in patients without relapse (p > 0.05). Survival was significantly better in patients initially presenting with less than 10 metastases (85.3 % vs. 54.1 % at 5 years, p = 0.028). Conclusions: Complete pulmonary metastasectomies are essential in pediatric osteosarcoma patients with lung metastasis. Repeated resections for recurrent relapses improve survival and may allow for long-term event-free-survival.
Targeting XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 1) deficiency in tumors for personalized cancer therapy.
Authors: Madhusudan Srinivasan , Abdel-Fatah Tarek M. A. , Sultana Rebeka , Abbotts Rachel , Hawkes Claire , Seedhouse Claire , Green Andrew R. , Chan Stephen , Ellis Ian O. 
Published: March 2020

1014 Background: XRCC1 is essential for DNA base excision repair, single strand break repair and nucleotide excision repair. XRCC1 deficiency promotes genomic instability and may increase cancer risk. Methods: We evaluated XRCC1 immunohistochemically in early stage breast (n=2046), ovarian (n=157), gastric (n=140), colorectal (n=250) and pancreaticobiliary cancers (n=240). Pre-clinically, we evaluated a panel of XRCC1 deficient and proficient Chinese hamster ovary and human cancer cell lines. Double strand break repair (DSB) inhibitors targeting ATM (KU55933), DNA-PKcs (NU7441) and ATR (NU6027) were evaluated for synthetic lethality and cisplatin alone or in combination with DSB inhibitors for chemopotentiation. Results: In breast cancer,XRCC1 loss (16%) was associated with higher grade (p<0.0001), loss of hormone receptors (p<0.0001), presence of triple negative (p<0.0001) and basal like phenotypes (p=0.001). Loss of XRCC1 was associated with a 2-fold increase in risk of death and metastasis (p<0.0001) and independently with poor outcome (p<0.0001). In ovarian cancer, XRCC1 was positive in 44% of tumour and was significantly associated with higher stage (p=0.001), clear/endometroid type (p=0.015) and sub-optimal debulking (p=0.004). XRCC1 positive tumours were more resistant to platinum chemotherapy (p=0.0001). XRCC1 positivity conferred a 2 fold increase of risk of death (p=0.002) and independently associated with poor survival (p=0.002). In gastric cancers, XRCC1 was positive in 37% of tumours. This was significantly associated with high stage disease (p=0.001) and poor survival (p=0.001). Pre-clinically, KU55933, NU7441 and NU6027 were synthetically lethal in XRCC1 deficient compared to proficient cells as evidenced by DSB accumulation, G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. XRCC1 deficient cells were hypersensitive to cisplatin which was enhanced by DSB repair inhibitors compared to in proficient cells. Conclusions: This is the largest study to confirm the clinical significance of XRCC1 expression in solid tumours. XRCC1 deficiency in human tumours may be suitable for synthetic lethality application and exploited for cisplatin chemotherapy potentiation.
Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on recurrence-free survival in patients with pT1a/b hormone-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer.
Authors: Migdady Yazan , Sikov William M. , Sakr Bachir Joseph , Olszewski Adam J. 
Published: March 2020

1034 Background: T1ab triple-negative (TN) or Her-2-positive (H2+) breast cancers are reported to pose relatively high risk of relapse, but benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy are uncertain. We studied the impact of chemotherapy on recurrence-free survival in this group. Methods: Records of all consecutive cases diagnosed in Brown-affiliated centers in 2000 - 2010 were reviewed. Factors influencing chemotherapy decision were studied with logistic regression, and recurrence-free interval (RFI) with a Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan-Meier estimator. Results: Among 1415 screened T1a/b N0 cases, 161 were eligible (57 TN; 104 HER2+), with a median age of 57 years; 66% tumors were T1b. 20% of patients underwent mastectomy, 76% received radiation and 30% hormonal therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was recommended in 53% of cases. Younger age (p<10-6), stage T1b (p<10-5), high grade (p=0.001), HER2+/ERPR- status (p=0.017) and diagnosis after 2006 (p=0.007) were significantly predictive of the medical oncology recommendation. There was a significant trend with decrease in anthracycline (p<0.001) and increase in taxane use (p<0.001). With a median follow up of 46 months, the 5-year rate of relapse was 6.1% (95%CI 2.7-13.9%), somewhat higher in T1b tumors (8.1%) and without detectable difference in TN/HER2+ subgroups. In a univariate analysis chemotherapy did not significantly impact the recurrence-free interval (HR=0.45; 95%CI 0.09-2.34; p=0.32), however there was a detectable benefit (p=0.02) for T1b tumors in a multivariable Cox model including age (p=0.02) and LVI (p=0.01). The histology, type of surgery and year of diagnosis were not significant. There were no relapses among ER/PR+ patients who received hormonal therapy or HER2+ patients who received trastuzumab. Conclusions: The risk of relapse in biologically aggressive T1ab breast cancers is very low with judicious use of adjuvant therapy. The benefit of chemotherapy is likely restricted to the highest-risk patients with T1b tumors, lymphovascular invasion and younger age.
In vivo isolation of circulating tumor cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by a medical device.
Authors: Gasiorowski Lukasz , Herold Stefanie , Kim Phillip Sangwook , Schmitz Arndt , Krahn Thomas , Morgenthaler Nils G. , Dworacki Grzegorz , Luecke Klaus , Dyszkiewicz Wojciech 
Published: March 2020

10536 Background: Currently, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are isolated in vitro from small limited volumes of blood samples. Furthermore, CTC results for NSCLC as a prognostic and stratification biomarker are scarce. The aim of the study was to assess a functionalized and structured medical wire (FSMW) for in vivo isolation of CTCs directly from the blood of NSCLC patients, and to compare it to the Cell Search method. Methods: The device was inserted in a cubital vein through a standard cannula for thirty minutes. The interaction of target CTCs with the FSMW was mediated by an antibody directed against the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). To confirm the CTCs binding to the wire, the immunohistochemical staining against EpCAM as well as CD45 for negative cell selection was performed. There were 72 applications of the wire in 48 stage I-IIIB NSCLC patients (12 double applications) and 12 non cancer patients. Enumeration data was available for 34 NSCLC patients and 8 non cancer patients. For 34 patients, samples were also tested in the Cell Search system. Results: The device was well tolerated in all 72 applications without side effects. We obtained in vivo isolation of CTCs in 32 of 34 NSCLC patients (94.1%) with a median (range) of 13 (0-300) CTCs. The sensitivity was similar for early and late stage NSCLC patients. In the non-cancer patients, no CTCs were detected (100 % specificity). In 2 of 34 samples (5.8%), CTCs were detected by the Cell Search method. In all matched pairs, the FSMW detected the same number or more CTCs compared to the Cell Search method. Conclusions: Whilst well tolerated without side effects, the CTC detection rate of the FSMW in NSCLC patients was >90%. In contrast, <10% detection was obtained using the Cell Search analysis. No CTCs were detected in non-cancer patients. This proof of concept study may have important clinical implications, as the implementation of the device into clinical practice may improve early detection, prognosis and therapy monitoring of NSCLC patients. The method may also allow the molecular analysis of the CTCs, with the possibility of establishing more personalized treatment regiments.
Effect of the loss of the type III TGFβ receptor during tumor progression on tumor microenvironment: Preclinical development of TGFβ inhibition and TGFβ-related biomarkers to enhance immunotherapy efficacy.
Authors: Hanks Brent Allen , Holtzhausen Alisha , Gimpel Petra , Jamieson Rebekah , Campbell Olivia M. , Sun Lihong , Augustine Christina K. , Tyler Douglas S. , Osada Takuya , Morse Michael , Ling Leona E. , Lyerly H. Kim , Blobe Gerard C. 
Published: March 2020

10563 Background: Overall, the clinical efficacy of tumor immunotherapy has been limited. Our incomplete understanding of the complex interplay between tumors and the immune microenvironment has contributed to these modest outcomes. Our work has revealed that several tumors downregulate the expression of the type III TGFβ receptor (TβRIII) with progression. TβRIII is shed from the cell surface to generate soluble TβRIII (sTβRIII) which is capable of sequestering TGFβ. Methods and Results: Using both breast cancer and melanoma tumor models we have demonstrated that the loss of TβRIII expression is associated with diminished tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells and increased regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the tumor microenvironment. Our data implies that these alterations correlate with suppressed tumor antigen-specific T cell responses and more rapid disease progression. We show that these changes are due to enhanced TGFβ signaling within the immune compartment of the tumor microenvironment resulting in enhanced expression of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase immunoregulatory enzyme by local plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) as well as increased expression of the Treg-recruiting CCL22 chemokine by local myeloid DCs. Microarray analysis indicates that these same gene expression associations also exist in human breast cancers. Consistent with these studies, we have demonstrated that TGF-β inhibition synergistically enhances the efficacy of a Her2/neu vaccine in a breast cancer model and that plasma levels of sTβRIII correlate with clinical response and overall survival in stage III melanoma patients. Conclusions: We have elucidated a novel mechanism that tumors utilize to suppress the generation of anti-tumor immunity by establishing a link between the loss of an endogenous suppressor of tumor metastasis, TβRIII, and the generation of an immunotolerant tumor microenvironment. We are pursuing a phase I clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of combining a TGF-β inhibitor with a tumor vaccine while also determining if sTβRIII may function as a predictive biomarker for this approach.