bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous Circulation of DENV-3 Genotype 3 in Delhi: A Single Hospital Based Surveillance Study
Authors: Padhi Abhishek , Gupta Ekta , Singh Gaurav , Parveen Shama , Islam Arshi , Tarai Bansidhar 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDDelhi is hyperendemic for dengue virus (DENV) where all the four DENV have been previously reported. A constant vigilance of circulating dengue virus serotypes is important in surveillance, since the introduction of a new variant to areas affected by pre-existing serotypes constitutes a risk factor for DHF and Dengue Shock Syndrome.OBJECTIVESThis retrospective study was carried out with an objective to determine the circulating serotype and genotype of Dengue virus in acute phase blood samples of patients who reported to a tertiary liver care hospital in New Delhi during the last two years (2017 – 2018).METHODSThe data of clinician-initiated testing for dengue NS1 antigen was searched in the institutional hospital information system. The serum sample of dengue NS1 antigen positive cases confirmed by ELISA (PANBIO, Gyeonggi-do, ROK) and a fever duration of less than 5 days were retrieved from the laboratory archive. The dengue virus serotyping on these sample were carried out by reverse transcriptase PCR. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was done for the capsid-pre membrane (CPrM) region to determine the genotype.RESULTSA total of 440 acute-phase samples were received. Twenty one(4.77%) were positive for dengue NS1 antigen with a mean age of 35.1 years and male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Eight cases (38.09%) were positive by Dengue RT-PCR and all belonged to DENV-3 serotypes. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed DENV-3 clustered to genotype III with 100% homology with 2008 Indian subcontinent strain.CONCLUSIONThis study revealed that the present circulating dengue virus serotype in Delhi is DENV–3 genotype III. It is similar to previously isolated 2008 Indian subcontinent strain suggesting neither any change in serotype nor any further evolution of DENV-3. That explains the present relatively stable dengue endemicity in Delhi NCR.
Reverse plasticity underlies rapid evolution by clonal selection within populations of fibroblasts propagated on a novel soft substrate
Authors: Purkayastha Purboja , Pendyala Kavya , Saxena Ayush S. , Hakimjavadi Hesamedin , Chamala Srikar , Dixit Purushottam , Baer Charles F. , Lele Tanmay P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMechanical properties such as substrate stiffness are a ubiquitous feature of a cell’s environment. Many types of animal cells exhibit canonical phenotypic plasticity when grown on substrates of differing stiffness,in vitroandin vivo. Whether such plasticity is a multivariate optimum due to hundreds of millions of years of animal evolution, or instead is a compromise between conflicting selective demands, is unknown. We addressed these questions by means of experimental evolution of populations of mouse fibroblasts propagated for ~90 cell generations on soft or stiff substrates. The ancestral cells grow twice as fast on stiff substrate as on soft substrate and exhibit the canonical phenotypic plasticity. Soft-selected lines derived from a genetically diverse ancestral population increased growth rate on soft substrate to the ancestral level on stiff substrate and evolved the same multivariate phenotype. The pattern of plasticity in the soft-selected lines was opposite of the ancestral pattern, suggesting that reverse plasticity underlies the observed rapid evolution. Conversely, growth rate and phenotypes did not change in selected lines derived from clonal cells. Overall, our results suggest that the changes were the result of genetic evolution and not phenotypic plasticity per se. Whole-transcriptome analysis revealed consistent differentiation between ancestral and soft-selected populations, and that both emergent phenotypes and gene expression tended to revert in the soft-selected lines. However, the selected populations appear to have achieved the same phenotypic outcome by means of at least two distinct transcriptional architectures related to mechano-transduction and proliferation.
Artemisia annuaandArtemisia afraextracts exhibit strong bactericidal activity againstMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Martini Maria Carla , Zhang Tianbi , Williams John T. , Abramovitch Robert B. , Weathers Pamela J. , Shell Scarlet S. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTEthnopharmacological relevanceEmergence of drug-resistant and multidrug-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) strains is a major barrier to tuberculosis (TB) eradication, as it leads to longer treatment regimens and in many cases treatment failure. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore new TB drugs and combinations, in order to shorten TB treatment and improve outcomes. Here, we evaluate the potential of two medicinal plants,Artemisia annua, a natural source of artemisinin (AN), andArtemisia afra, as sources of novel antitubercular agents.Aim of the studyOur goal was to measure the activity ofA. annuaandA. afraextracts against Mtb as potential natural and inexpensive therapies for TB treatment, or as sources of compounds that could be further developed into effective treatments.Materials and MethodsThe minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ofA. annuaandA. afradichloromethane extracts were determined, and concentrations above the MICs were used to evaluate their ability to kill Mtb andMycobacterium abscessus in vitro.ResultsPrevious studies showed thatA. annuaandA. afrainhibit Mtb growth. Here, we show for the first time thatArtemisiaextracts have a strong bactericidal activity against Mtb. The killing effect ofA. annuawas much stronger than equivalent concentrations of pure AN, suggesting thatA. annuaextracts kill Mtb through a combination of AN and additional compounds.A. afra, which produces very little AN, displayed bactericidal activity against Mtb that was substantial but weaker than that ofA. annua. In addition, we measured the activity ofArtemisiaextracts againstMycobacterium abscessus. Interestingly, we observed that whileA. annuais not bactericidal, it inhibits growth ofM. abscessus, highlighting the potential of this plant in combinatory therapies to treatM. abscessusinfections.ConclusionOur results indicate thatArtemisiaextracts have an enormous potential for treatment of TB andM. abscessusinfections, and that these plants contain bactericidal compounds in addition to AN. Combination of extracts with existing antibiotics may not only improve treatment outcomes but also reduce the emergence of resistance to other drugs.
HIV Vpr modulates the host DNA damage response at two independent steps to damage DNA and repress double-strand DNA break repair
Authors: Li Donna , Lopez Andrew , Sandoval Carina , Doyle Randilea Nichols , Fregoso Oliver I 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe DNA damage response (DDR) is a signaling cascade that is vital to ensuring the fidelity of the host genome in the presence of genotoxic stress. Growing evidence has emphasized the importance of both activation and repression of the host DDR by diverse DNA and RNA viruses. Previous work has shown that HIV-1 is also capable of engaging the host DDR, primarily through the conserved accessory protein Vpr. However, the extent of this engagement has remained unclear. Here we show that HIV-1 and HIV-2 Vpr directly induce DNA damage and stall DNA replication, leading to the activation of several markers of double- and single-strand DNA breaks. Despite causing damage and activating the DDR, we found that Vpr repress the repair of double-strand breaks (DSB) by inhibiting homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Mutational analyses of Vpr revealed that DNA damage and DDR activation are independent from repression of HR and Vpr-mediated cell-cycle arrest. Moreover, we show that repression of HR does not require cell-cycle arrest but instead may precede this long-standing enigmatic Vpr phenotype. Together, our data uncover that Vpr globally modulates the host DDR at at least two independent steps; offering novel insight into the primary functions of lentiviral Vpr and the roles of the DNA damage response in lentiviral replication.IMPORTANCEThe DNA damage response (DDR) is a signaling cascade that safeguards the genome from genotoxic agents, including human pathogens. However, the DDR has also been utilized by many pathogens, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), to enhance infection. To properly treat HIV positive individuals, we must understand how the virus usurps our own cellular processes. Here, we have found that an important yet poorly-understood gene in HIV, Vpr, targets the DDR at two unique steps: it causes damage and activates DDR signaling, and it represses the ability of cells to repair this damage, which we hypothesize is central to the primary function of Vpr. In clarifying these important functions of Vpr, our work highlights the multiple ways human pathogens engage the DDR, and further suggests that modulation of the DDR may be a novel way to help in the fight against HIV.
Pre-winter fattening and fat loss during wing moult: the annual cycle of fat deposition in captive barnacle geese (branta leucopsis)
Authors: Portugal Steven J. , McGill Rona A. , Green Jonathan A. , Butler Patrick J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany different physiological changes have been observed in wild waterfowl during the flightless stage of wing moult, including a loss of body mass. Previously we established that captive barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) underwent this characteristic decrease in body mass during their wing moult, even though they had unlimited and unrestricted access to food. In the present study we aimed to determine if this body mass loss during moult comprised mainly a reduction in fat stores, and to ascertain if the captive geese undergo pre-migratory and pre-winter fattening over a similar temporal scale to their wild conspecifics. The non-destructive technique of deuterium oxide isotope dilution was employed to provide repeated measurements of estimated fat deposition from a captive flock of fourteen barnacle geese. Birds were injected with deuterium oxide at 7 distinct intervals for one annual cycle. During the flightless period of the moult, body fat decreased by approximately 40% from the pre-moult value. During late-September and early October, body fat reached its highest point in the annual cycle, both as an absolute value and as a percentage of total body mass. We propose that while the energetic cost of wing moult is not the ultimate cause of fat loss in moulting barnacle geese, the approximate 212 g of fat catabolised during moult would provide sufficient energy to cover the cost of the replacement of the flight feathers, estimated to be 6384 kJ, over an approximate 42 day period. We conclude that the previously recorded increase in metabolism during moult in the geese, led to the use of endogenous fat reserves because the birds reduced rather than increased their food intake rates owing to the increased risk of predation when flightless. We also conclude that captive barnacle geese do undergo pre-winter and pre-migratory fattening, providing further evidence of the innate nature of these fat deposition cycles.
A release from developmental bias accelerates morphological diversification in butterfly eyespots
Authors: Brattström Oskar , Aduse-Poku Kwaku , van Bergen Erik , French Vernon , Brakefield Paul M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDevelopment can bias the independent evolution of traits sharing ontogenetic pathways, making certain evolutionary changes less likely. The eyespots commonly found on butterfly wings each have concentric rings of differing colors and these serially repeated pattern elements have been a focus for evo-devo research. In the butterfly family Nymphalidae, eyespots have been shown to function in startling or deflecting predators, and to be involved in sexual selection. Previous work on a model species of Mycalesina butterfly,Bicyclus anynana, has provided insights into the developmental control of the size and color composition of individual eyespots. Experimental evolution has also shown that the relative size of a pair of eyespots on the same wing surface is highly flexible, whereas they are resistant to diverging in color-composition, presumably due to the underlying shared developmental process. This fixed color-composition has been considered as a prime example of developmental bias with significant consequences for wing pattern evolution. Here we test this proposal by surveying eyespots across the whole subtribe of Mycalesina butterflies and demonstrate that developmental bias shapes evolutionary diversification, except in the genusHeteropsiswhich has gained independent control of eyespot color-composition. Experimental manipulations of pupal wings reveal that the bias has been released through a novel regional response of the wing tissue to a conserved patterning signal. Our study demonstrates that development can bias the evolutionary independence of traits, but it also shows how bias can be released through developmental innovations, thus allowing rapid morphological change, facilitating evolutionary diversification.
Corporate governance in practice: the role of practitioners' understanding in implementing compliance programs
Authors: Stacchezzini Riccardo , Rossignoli Francesca , Corbella Silvano 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis article investigates the implementation of a compliance programme (CP) in terms of how practitioners conceive of and execute the responsibilities arising from this corporate governance mechanism.Design/methodology/approachThis study involves a practice lens approach forms the case study analysis and interpretation, involving both interviews and documentary materials collected from an Italian company with prolonged compliance experience. Schatzki's (2002, 2010) practice organisation framework guides the interpretation of CP as a practice organised by rules, practical and general understandings and teleoaffective structures.FindingsCP practice evolves over time. A practical understanding of daily actions required to accomplish the CP and a general understanding of the responsibilities connected with the CP, such as the attitudes with which the CP is performed, are mutually constitutive and jointly favour this evolution. Dedicated artefacts – such as IT platforms, training seminars and compliance performance indicators – help spread both of these types of understanding. These artefacts also align practitioners' general understanding with the CP's teleoaffective structures imposed, including the CP's assigned objectives and the desired reactions to them.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings have theoretical and practical implications by revealing the relevance of practitioners' understanding of corporate governance mechanisms in their implementation processes.Originality/valueThis study reveals the potential benefits of practice lens approaches in corporate governance studies. It responds to the call for qualitative studies that demonstrate corporate governance as implemented in daily activities.
How researchers view altmetrics: an investigation of ISSI participants
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , Wei Yu , Zhao Zhuojing 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore informetrics researchers' use of social media for academic activities, their attitudes to the applicability of altmetrics in research evaluation, the factors influencing their attitudes, and the main opportunities and weaknesses of using altmetrics.Design/methodology/approachA survey using a questionnaire was conducted with researchers who participated in the 16th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics ISSI 2017 and a sample of 125 respondents was obtained.FindingsProgressively more researchers are using social media for different types of academic activities. The study found that many factors affect informetrics researchers' attitudes in different application scenarios with respect to research evaluation. Researchers who have studied altmetrics and who began using social media platforms recently or frequently have more positive attitudes. Academic users and social users have statistically significantly disparate attitudes toward altmetrics in different disciplines and different application scenarios.Research limitations/implicationsOur study only focused on 125 informetrics researchers, who participated in ISSI 2017. We mainly used the questionnaire method, but did not conduct in-depth interviews with the researcher's views.Originality/valueInformetrics researchers are participants in social media and major researchers of altmetrics. Previous research has examined their use of social media, and this study combines this use of social media with their attitudes to altmetrics to explore the value of altmetrics from a particular perspective. The paper also provides suggestions for the application of altmetrics in research evaluation.
Forming a TED talks sphere for convenient search
Authors: Shih Chia-Hui , Li Han-Lin , Hu Chih-Chien , Lin Bertrand M.T. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design, www.ted.com/) Talks has been one of the most popular video systems. However, the current TED Talks system expressed its inquired videos as in a two-dimensional (2D) table, which is inconvenient for searching the relationships among videos and tags. This study converts the TED Talks table into a sphere by using optimization techniques to help users search for preferred videos.

Design/methodology/approach
There are five phases in this study as follows. Phase 1: Reorganize data of 36 tags and 108 videos; Phase 2: Allocate tags on the TED sphere; Phase 3: Allocate videos on the TED sphere; Phase 4: Develop an online interactive TED retrieval system; and Phase 5: Perform survey and evaluation.

Findings
One survey demonstrated that the TED Talks sphere is more convenient for searching videos, as it is more user-friendly because of its graphical user interface, more convenient to use, more useful for retrieving information and can facilitate a more responsive search for users’ preferred videos.

Research limitations/implications
The numbers of tags and videos able to be displayed on a sphere is limited by the capacity of an optimization software and hardware.

Practical implications
The proposed sphere system can be used by a large number of users of TED Talks groups.

Social implications
This sphere systems can also be applied to other fields which use 2D forms to display the relationships among objects.

Originality/value
This study uses an optimization method to convert a 2D form into a 3D sphere to highlight the relationships among numerous objects.
Perception gaps on employable skills between technical and vocational education and training (TVET) teachers and students: the case of the garment sector in Ethiopia
Authors: Yamada Shoko , Otchia Christian S. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis article focuses on the perception gaps between teachers and students of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) related to garment production and the reasons behind such gaps. Garment production is the priority sector for the Ethiopian government, which plans to make it the driver of export-oriented growth. At the same time, it is among the programs that demonstrate the lowest employment rates.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was developed by the authors. It was completed by 162 students and 53 teachers in garment-related programs of seven TVET colleges in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia.FindingsThe findings show that while teachers tend to highlight the importance of practical skills, students desire broader coverage of practical and managerial skills and entrepreneurship. The expectations differ not only based on the person's recognition of labor market conditions but also by the conviction of the efficacy of the education and training system itself. Teachers tend to be persistent on conventional approaches of teaching, while the advanced training on new approaches based on the competency-based training (CBT) significantly impacts on their attitude. Meanwhile, students' perceptions are largely based on their job aspirations and motivations for schooling.Practical implicationsThe authors’ findings may serve to improve the relevance of the Ethiopian Occupation Standards.Originality/valueThe unique feature of this study is that the authors measure skills from multiple dimensions. While the authors examine participants' perceptions of occupation-specific skills, they also analyze the relationships of these perceptions with attitudinal and cognitive skills.
An attributional account of power in multi-party negotiations
Authors: Trif Sabina , Curseu Petru Lucian , Fodor Oana Catalina , Flestea Alina Maria 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Multi-party systems (MPS) comprise interdependent stakeholders (teams, organizations) that engage in complex interactions and negotiations. Building on the approach/inhibition theory of power, the self-enhancement strategy and on social interdependence theory, this study aims to understand the mediating role of attributions (i.e. perception of who/what is responsible for a certain outcome) in the relation between perceptions of the stakeholders’ power (i.e. self-perceptions of power, power ascribed to others and others’ perception of one’s own power) and their perceptions of intergroup climate and future collaborative intentions.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 30 groups (113 participants) that took part in five multi-party simulations concerning the negotiation of funds allocation among six stakeholders. The authors have evaluated attributions, intergroup climate and future collaborative intentions using questionnaires and different facets of systemic power were derived from a round-robin procedure.

Findings
Mixed models and multi-level mediation analyses were carried out, and the results show that self-attributed power and power attributed by others predict internal attributions, while power attributed to others predicts external attributions. Moreover, attributions mediate the relationship between perceived power and future collaborative intention, as well as between power and perceptions of intergroup climate.

Practical implications
Managing the multi-party systems is a complex endeavor, and the results point toward ways in which power dynamics in multi-party systems can be addressed.

Originality/value
To the best of authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first empirical attempts to explore the association between the perceptions of power and attributions in multi-party systems engaged in negotiation tasks.