bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommender systems and their ethical challenges
Authors: Milano Silvia , Taddeo Mariarosaria , Floridi Luciano 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article presents the first, systematic analysis of the ethical challenges posed by recommender systems through a literature review. The article identifies six areas of concern, and maps them onto a proposed taxonomy of different kinds of ethical impact. The analysis uncovers a gap in the literature: currently user-centred approaches do not consider the interests of a variety of other stakeholders—as opposed to just the receivers of a recommendation—in assessing the ethical impacts of a recommender system.
Direct-acting antiviral treatment downregulates immune checkpoint inhibitor expression in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Szereday Laszlo , Meggyes Matyas , Berki Timea , Miseta Attila , Farkas Nelli , Gervain Judit , Par Alajos , Par Gabriella 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection is associated with increased TIM-3, PD-1 immune checkpoint receptors expression that inhibits adaptive T cells and increases NK cell cytotoxicity against T helper cells, both resulting T cell exhaustion. Elimination of the virus with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) may modify host immune response via altering these immune checkpoint receptors’ expression. We conducted a prospective study to analyze changes in TIM-3, PD-1 and their ligands galectin-9, PD-L1 expression by peripheral blood T cell subpopulations, NK cell subpopulations, and monocytes by multicolor flow cytometry in 14 CHC patients successfully treated with 12 weeks of dasabuvir, ombitasvir, and paritaprevir/ritonavir plus ribavirin. Blood samples were collected before, at the end of treatment, and 12 and 24 weeks later. Sustained virological response (SVR) was associated with increased percentage of peripheral blood CD3+ T and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and decreased percentage of NKbright cells. After DAA treatment, decreased TIM-3 expression by CD4+ T cells, by NKbright, and by NKT cells was found. Expression of immune checkpoint molecules’ ligand PD-L1 by NK cells and by regulatory T cells and galectin-9 by NK cells and monocytes also decreased significantly at SVR. Our data suggest that DAA treatment not only inhibits viral replication but may alter host adaptive and innate immune responses. A decrease in immune checkpoint molecules and their ligands expression both on adaptive and on innate immune cells may contribute to the recovery of exhausted adaptive immune responses and to sustained virological response.
Crossed Modules of Monoids II: Relative Crossed Modules
Authors: Böhm Gabriella 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis is the second part of a series of three strongly related papers in which three equivalent structures are studied:Internal categories in categories of monoids; defined in terms of pullbacks relative to a chosen class of spans.Crossed modules of monoids relative to this class of spans.Simplicial monoids of so-called Moore length 1 relative to this class of spans. The most important examples of monoids that are covered are small categories (treated as monoids in categories of spans) and bimonoids in symmetric monoidal categories (regarded as monoids in categories of comonoids). In this second part we define relative crossed modules of monoids and prove their equivalence with the relative categories of Part I.
Stabilization of nickel nanoparticle suspensions with the aid of polymer and surfactant: static bottle tests and dynamic micromodel flow tests
Authors: Yi Siyuan , Babadagli Tayfun , Li Huazhou 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNickel nanoparticles can work as catalyst for the aquathermolysis reactions between water and heavy oil. A homogeneous and stable suspension is needed to carry the nickel nanoparticles into deeper reservoirs. This study conducts a detailed investigation on how to achieve stabilized nickel nanoparticle suspensions with the use of surfactant and polymer. To stabilize the nickel nanoparticle suspension, three surfactants including sodium dodecyl sulfate, cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and polyoxyalkalene amine derivative (Hypermer) along with xanthan gum polymer were introduced into the nickel nanoparticle suspension. Static stability tests and zeta potential measurements were conducted to determine the polymer/surfactant recipes yielding the most stable nickel nanoparticle suspensions. Dynamic micromodel flow tests were also conducted on three suspensions to reveal how the nickel nanoparticles would travel and distribute in porous media. Test results showed that when the injection was initiated, most nickel nanoparticles were able to pass through the gaps between the sand grains and produced in the outlet of the micromodel; only a small number of the nickel nanoparticles were attached to the grain surface. A higher nickel concentration in the suspension may lead to agglomeration of nickel nanoparticles in porous media, while a lower concentration can mitigate this agglomeration. Moreover, clusters tended to form when the nickel nanoparticle suspension carried an electrical charge opposite to that of the porous media. Follow-up waterflood was initiated after the nanofluid injection. It was found that the waterflood could not flush away the nanoparticles that were remaining in the micromodel.
The intuitive cooperation hypothesis revisited: a meta-analytic examination of effect size and between-study heterogeneity
Authors: Kvarven Amanda , Strømland Eirik , Wollbrant Conny , Andersson David , Johannesson Magnus , Tinghög Gustav , Västfjäll Daniel , Myrseth Kristian Ove R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe hypothesis that intuition promotes cooperation has attracted considerable attention. Although key results in this literature have failed to replicate in pre-registered studies, recent meta-analyses report an overall effect of intuition on cooperation. We address the question with a meta-analysis of 82 cooperation experiments, spanning four different types of intuition manipulations—time pressure, cognitive load, depletion, and induction—including 29,315 participants in total. We obtain a positive overall effect of intuition on cooperation, though substantially weaker than that reported in prior meta-analyses, and between studies the effect exhibits a high degree of systematic variation. We find that this overall effect depends exclusively on the inclusion of six experiments featuring emotion-induction manipulations, which prompt participants to rely on emotion over reason when making allocation decisions. Upon excluding from the total data set experiments featuring this class of manipulations, between-study variation in the meta-analysis is reduced substantially—and we observed no statistically discernable effect of intuition on cooperation. Overall, we fail to obtain compelling evidence for the intuitive cooperation hypothesis.
The Bunger Hills: 60 years of geological and geophysical research
Authors: Tucker Naomi M. , Hand Martin , Clark Chris 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCorrelation of Rodinian and Gondwanan crustal domains relies on a thorough knowledge of those vestiges preserved today. The Bunger Hills hold a critical place in East Antarctica, recording the Mesoproterozoic assembly of Australo-Antarctica in Rodinia and the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian amalgamation of Indo- and Australo-Antarctica in Gondwana. It is situated in a region of disputed overlap between the different components of Rodinia and Gondwana, where there is little consensus on the location of sutures in this region and thus often speculative geological interpretations. The Bunger Hills therefore provide an opportunity to better understand the tectonic setting and palaeogeography during the assembly of these supercontinents. Recent work has confirmed that the Bunger Hills are one of few rare outcrops in Wilkes Land, East Antarctica that can be directly correlated with the broader Musgrave–Albany–Fraser–Wilkes Orogen (MAFWO). Whilst other constituent terranes of the MAFWO have been intensely studied, our geological knowledge of the Bunger Hills was comparatively limited until recently. In light of recent geological and geophysical developments, this contribution serves as an updated and concise standalone reference for the present state of knowledge of the Neoarchean–Cambrian evolution of the Bunger Hills region.
Retrospective analysis of portal dosimetry pre-treatment quality assurance of hybrid IMRT breast treatment plans
Authors: Koo Meghan , Darko Johnson , Osei Ernest 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and sensitivity of the Varian portal dosimetry (PD) system as a quality assurance (QA) tool for breast intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plans.Materials and methods:Four hundred portal dose images from 200 breast cancer patient IMRT treatment plans were analysed. The images were obtained using Varian PortalVision electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) on Varian TrueBeam Linacs. Three patient plans were selected, and the multi-leaf collimator (MLC) positions were randomly altered by a mean of 0·5, 1, 1·5 and 2 mm with a standard deviation of 0·1 mm on 50, 75 and 100% of control points. Using the improved/global gamma calculation algorithm with a low-dose threshold of 10% in the EPID, the change in gamma passing rates for 3%/3 mm, 2%/2 mm and 1%/1 mm criterion was analysed as a function of the introduced error. The changes in the dose distributions of clinical target volume and organ at risk due to MLC positioning errors were also analysed.Results:Symmetric and asymmetric breast or chest wall plan fields are different in delivery as well as in the QA. An average gamma passing rate of 99·8 ± 0·5 is presented for 3%/3 mm symmetric plans and 96·9 ± 4·5 is presented for 3%/3 mm asymmetric plans. An average gamma passing rate of 98·4 ± 4·3 is presented for 2%/2 mm symmetric plans and 89·7 ± 9·5 is presented for 2%/2 mm asymmetric plans. A large-induced error in MLC positioning (2·0 mm, 100% of control points) results in an insignificant change in dose that would be delivered to the patient. However, EPID portal dosimetry is sensitive enough to detect even the slightest change in MLC positioning error (0·5 mm, 50% of control points).Conclusions:Stricter pre-treatment QA action levels can be established for breast IMRT plans utilising EPID. For improved sensitivity, a multigamma criteria approach is recommended. The PD tool is sensitive enough to detect MLC positioning errors that contribute to even insignificant dose changes.
Incumbency advantage and shocks in the electorate: the adoption of voluntary voting
Authors: Argote Pablo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough the advantage that incumbents may have over challengers has been extensively studied, less is known about how incumbency advantage is affected by the adoption of voluntary voting. In this paper, I study incumbency advantage in Chile, a country that adopted voluntary voting in 2012. I find that incumbency advantage substantively decreases with voluntary voting. The primary mechanism explaining such reduction was the entry of high-quality challengers, who invested their campaign resources much more efficiently compared to office-holders. Overall, this paper contributes to the literature on electoral accountability by identifying how sensible is incumbency advantage to voluntary voting and the entry of high-quality challengers. Indeed, as incumbency advantage decreases when capable challengers compete for office, it suggests that “scaring-off” skilled candidates is one of the drivers of such advantage.
Equatorial Plasma Bubble Zonal Drift Velocity Variations in Response to Season, Local Time, and Solar Activity across Southeast Asia
Authors: Sarudin I. , Hamid N. S. A. , Abdullah M. , Buhari S. M. , Shiokawa K. , Otsuka Y. , Yatini C. Y. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work investigated the zonal drift velocity, VE, of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) which was calculated from the zonal keogram of the rate of total electron content index obtained using the Global Positioning System data from the Malaysia Real‐Time Kinematics GNSS Network over Southeast Asia across the period 2008 until 2013 (498 nights). In general, a long‐term study on the VE of EPBs and its dependence on the season, local time, and solar activity over Southeast Asia by using Global Positioning System multipoint receivers has never been conducted before. The case study showed that the VE estimated from Malaysia Real‐Time Kinematics GNSS Network was basically within a similar range to that of the 630‐nm airglow images obtained at Kototabang, Indonesia. Furthermore, the VE of EPBs was higher during high solar‐activity period, which was in line with past studies. The time range of the EPB VE peak is more accurately determined compared to previous studies. In high solar activity conditions, a peak of VE was observed at 2130 LT (equinox), 2200 LT (June solstice), and after 2300 LT (December solstice). After this peak, the EPB VE steadily decreased with time during the equinox and was varied throughout the night during June solstice. Moreover, it was found to differ with time from the evening to the postmidnight period during December solstice.
Structural and dynamic insights revealing how lipase binding domain MD1 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa foldase affects lipase activation
Authors: Viegas Aldino , Dollinger Peter , Verma Neha , Kubiak Jakub , Viennet Thibault , Seidel Claus A. M. , Gohlke Holger , Etzkorn Manuel , Kovacic Filip , Jaeger Karl-Erich 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFolding and cellular localization of many proteins of Gram-negative bacteria rely on a network of chaperones and secretion systems. Among them is the lipase-specific foldase Lif, a membrane-bound steric chaperone that tightly binds (KD = 29 nM) and mediates folding of the lipase LipA, a virulence factor of the pathogenic bacterium P. aeruginosa. Lif consists of five-domains, including a mini domain MD1 essential for LipA folding. However, the molecular mechanism of Lif-assisted LipA folding remains elusive. Here, we show in in vitro experiments using a soluble form of Lif (sLif) that isolated MD1 inhibits sLif-assisted LipA activation. Furthermore, the ability to activate LipA is lost in the variant sLifY99A, in which the evolutionary conserved amino acid Y99 from helix α1 of MD1 is mutated to alanine. This coincides with an approximately three-fold reduced affinity of the variant to LipA together with increased flexibility of sLifY99A in the complex as determined by polarization-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. We have solved the NMR solution structures of P. aeruginosa MD1 and variant MD1Y99A revealing a similar fold indicating that a structural modification is likely not the reason for the impaired activity of variant sLifY99A. Molecular dynamics simulations of the sLif:LipA complex in connection with rigidity analyses suggest a long-range network of interactions spanning from Y99 of sLif to the active site of LipA, which might be essential for LipA activation. These findings provide important details about the putative mechanism for LipA activation and point to a general mechanism of protein folding by multi-domain steric chaperones.
A new polychelidan lobster preserved with its eggs in a 165 Ma nodule
Authors: Jauvion Clément , Audo Denis , Bernard Sylvain , Vannier Jean , Daley Allison C. , Charbonnier Sylvain 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCrustacean eggs are rare in the fossil record. Here we report the exquisite preservation of a fossil polychelidan embedded within an unbroken nodule from the Middle Jurassic La Voulte-sur-Rhône Lagerstätte (France) and found with hundreds of eggs attached to the pleon. This specimen belongs to a new species, Palaeopolycheles nantosueltae sp. nov. and offers unique clues to discuss the evolution of brooding behaviour in polychelidan lobsters. In contrast to their development, which now relies on a long-lived planktic larval stage that probably did not exist in the early evolutionary steps of the group, the brood size of polychelidan lobsters seems to have remained unchanged and comparatively small since the Jurassic. This finding is at odds with reproductive strategies in other lobster groups, in which a long-lived planktic larval stage is associated with a large brood size.
Chromospheric evaporation and phase mixing of Alfvén waves in coronal loops
Authors: Van Damme H. J. , De Moortel I. , Pagano P. , Johnston C. D. 
Published: February 2020

Context. Phase mixing of Alfvén waves has been studied extensively as a possible coronal heating mechanism but without the full thermodynamic consequences considered self-consistently. It has been argued that in some cases, the thermodynamic feedback of the heating could substantially affect the transverse density gradient and even inhibit the phase mixing process.
Aims. In this paper, for the first time, we use magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations with the appropriate thermodynamical terms included to quantify the evaporation following heating by phase mixing of Alfvén waves in a coronal loop and the effect of this evaporation on the transverse density profile.
Methods. The numerical simulations were performed using the Lagrangian Remap code Lare2D. We set up a 2D loop model consisting of a field-aligned thermodynamic equilibrium and a cross-field (background) heating profile. A continuous, sinusoidal, high-frequency Alfvén wave driver was implemented. As the Alfvén waves propagate along the field, they undergo phase mixing due to the cross-field density gradient in the coronal part of the loop. We investigated the presence of field-aligned flows, heating from the dissipation of the phase-mixed Alfvén waves, and the subsequent evaporation from the lower atmosphere.
Results. We find that phase mixing of Alfvén waves leads to modest heating in the shell regions of the loop and evaporation of chromospheric material into the corona with upflows of the order of only 5–20 m s−1. Although the evaporation leads to a mass increase in the shell regions of the loop, the effect on the density gradient and, hence, on the phase mixing process, is insignificant.
Conclusions. This paper self-consistently investigates the effect of chromospheric evaporation on the cross-field density gradient and the phase mixing process in a coronal loop. We found that the effects in our particular setup (small amplitude, high frequency waves) are too small to significantly change the density gradient.
Evaluation der Sprachaufgaben des sozialpädiatrischen
Entwicklungsscreenings für Schuleingangsuntersuchungen (SOPESS):
Ergebnisse der prospektiven Kindergesundheitsstudie ikidS
Authors: Hoffmann Dorle Ulrike , Diefenbach Christiane , Gräf Christine , König Jochem , Schlecht Jennifer , Schmidt Martina Franziska , Schnick-Vollmer Kathleen , von der Weiden Gabriele , Läßig Anne , Daseking Monika , Urschitz Michael S. , ikidS Projektgruppe 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Eine frühe Diagnostik und Behandlung von
Entwicklungsstörungen vor der Einschulung ist für den
weiteren Bildungserfolg maßgeblich. Deshalb wurde das
Sozialpädiatrische Entwicklungsscreening für
Schuleingangsuntersuchungen (SOPESS) konzipiert und in mehreren
Bundesländern flächendeckend eingeführt.
Fragestellung Wir untersuchten die Zusammenhänge zwischen den
Screening-Ergebnissen der SOPESS-Sprachaufgaben vor der Einschulung und den
schulischen Sprachkompetenzen am Ende der ersten Klasse als Teil einer
umfassenden Evaluation des SOPESS.
Methoden Daten der rheinland-pfälzischen
Schuleingangsuntersuchung und der prospektiven Kindergesundheitsstudie ikidS
wurden zusammengeführt und ausgewertet. Zusammenhänge
zwischen dem Gesamtrisikowert Sprache des SOPESS vor Einschulung
(ordinal-skaliertes Merkmal, 6 Risikostufen) und dem
Gesamtfähigkeitswert Sprache am Ende der ersten Klasse (subjektive
Lehrkrafteinschätzung, intervall-skaliertes Merkmal, Range
−4 bis+4) wurden mittels linearer Regressionsmodelle ohne
und mit Berücksichtigung von weiteren sozio-demografischen und
medizinischen Sprachprädiktoren untersucht (z. B. Alter bei
Einschulung, Geschlecht, Schulbildung der Eltern, Migrationshintergrund,
Hörstörung). Der zusätzliche Nutzen des
Gesamtrisikowertes Sprache des SOPESS wurde durch Varianzanalysen
geprüft.
Ergebnisse In die Auswertung konnten 1357 Kinder einbezogen werden
(48% Mädchen, Alter bei Schuleingangsuntersuchung
4,9–7,2 Jahre). Es zeigte sich ein klarer negativer Zusammenhang
zwischen den Stufen des Gesamtrisikowertes Sprache des SOPESS und den
schulischen Sprachkompetenzen. In der Risikostufe 0 (kein Risiko) lag der
Mittelwert der Sprachkompetenzen bei 0,8 (SD=1,7); in der Stufe 6
(hohes Risiko für Entwicklungsstörung) sank der Wert auf
−3,2 Punkte ab (SD=0,9). Varianzanalysen zeigten zudem, dass
der Gesamtrisikowert Sprache des SOPESS einen signifikanten Zusatznutzen
gegenüber weiteren Sprachprädiktoren hat.
Schlussfolgerungen Es zeigte sich ein klarer Zusammenhang zwischen den
vorschulischen SOPESS-Sprachaufgaben und den schulischen Sprachkompetenzen
am Ende der ersten Klasse. Dieses Sprachscreening könnte daher
– unter Einbezug von weiteren soziodemografischen und medizinischen
Prädiktoren – die Basis für eine passgenaue Auswahl
von weiteren Versorgungs- und/oder Fördermaßnahmen
sein.
The Renal Resistive Index in Allografts: Is Sonographic Assessment Sufficiently Reproducible in a Routine Clinical Setting? – Reproducibility of the Renal Resistive Index
Authors: Theilig Dorothea Cornelia , Münzfeld Hanna , Auer Timo Alexander , Feldhaus Felix , Krüger Anne , Dürr Michael , Geisel Dominik 
Published: February 2020

Purpose To assess the reproducibility of the renal resistive index (RRI) in a routine clinical setting.
Materials and Methods 22 patients with a kidney allograft and 19 physicians participated in our prospective study. Within 2 hours each patient was examined by 5 different physicians using 2 out of 3 different, randomly allocated ultrasound machines. Each investigator determined the hilar and parenchymal RRI of the allograft. The reproducibility and reproducibility limit of the RRI were assessed as well as Cronbach’s alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The deviation of the RRI from the mean RRI over the 5 measurements was used as an indicator of reproducibility. The impact of the ultrasound machine, examiner’s level of experience, and kidney function impairment (GFR < 45 ml/min) was assessed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. The bivariate linear correlation of the minimal transplant distance from the body surface with the variance of the parenchymal RRI was analyzed.
Results A reproducibility of 0.045 with a reproducibility limit of 0.124 was found for the parenchymal RRI. The ICC between RRIs was good with 0.852 for the parenchymal RRI and 0.868 for the hilar RRI. The type of ultrasound machine used was found to have a significant impact on the deviation of the parenchymal RRI (Kruskal-Wallis-Test, p = 0.003). Variance in serial parenchymal RRI measurements correlated significantly with the depth of the kidney transplant (p = 0.001).
Conclusion While the RRI is generally sufficiently reproducible, the type of ultrasound machine used and the depth of the kidney transplant within the recipient’s body have a significant impact on reproducibility.
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