bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Porosity in Ceramics at the nm Scale: From Understanding Historical Ceramics to Innovative Materials Design
Authors: Mondelli Claudia , Zorzi Sandro , Ricci Giulia , Galvan Victór , Balliana Eleonora , Schweins Ralf , Cattaruzza Elti 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCeramics are complex objects and a rich source of information: they constitute a large part of the staple memory of past and present human activities. A deep understanding of traditional ceramics is an essential key to designing new ceramic materials. The demanding synthesis of ceramics with fine‐tuned properties, such as enhanced mechanical, electrical, optical or magnetic characteristics, must be associated with cutting‐edge analysis procedures in order to improve the engineering process. In this context, we describe a neutron‐based non‐destructive approach to investigating the nanoporosity of an historical pottery matrix as an effective investigation technique for exploring both traditional and advanced ceramic materials.
Boolean Logic Networks Mimicked with Chimeric Enzymes Activated/Inhibited by Several Input Signals
Authors: Bollella Paolo , Bellare Madhura , Kadambar Vasantha Krishna , Guo Zhong , Alexandrov Kirill , Melman Artem , Katz Evgeny 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by groups of Prof. Evgeny Katz and Prof. Artem Melman (Clarkson University, NY, USA) as well as Prof. Kirill Alexandrov (Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia). The image shows activation/inhibition of a chimeric enzyme with biomolecular signals and a corresponding logic network – the artistic vision. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/cphc.201901050.
Pharmacogenetic‐Pharmacokinetic Interactions in Drug Marketing Authorization Applications via the European Medicines Agency Between 2014 and 2017
Authors: Maliepaard Marc , Toiviainen Timi , De Bruin Marie L. , Meulendijks Didier 
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to determine to which extent data on potential pharmacogenetic‐pharmacokinetic (PG‐PK) interactions are provided to, and assessed by, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in novel drug marketing authorization applications (MAAs), and whether regulatory assessment of PG‐PK interactions is adequate or could be optimized. For this purpose, we retrospectively analyzed MAAs of small molecule drugs assessed by the EMA between January 2014 and December 2017. As per two key requirements in the EMA’s guideline, we analyzed cases where (i) a single functionally polymorphic drug metabolizing enzyme (DME) metabolizes > 25% of the drug, or (ii) the drug’s PK shows high interindividual variability not explained by other factors than PG. Results showed that, of 113 drugs analyzed, 53 (47%) had ≥ 1 functionally polymorphic DME accounting for > 25% of the drug’s metabolism, yielding 55 gene‐drug pairs. For 36 of 53 (68%) of the products, CYP3A4 was the major DME. Compliance with European Union (EU) guidance on PG‐PK issues in drug development was notably different for CYP3A4 substrates vs. non‐CYP3A4 substrates. Adequate PG‐PK data were provided during registration in 89% (16/18) of cases concerning non‐CYP3A4 substrates, compared with 32% (12/37) of cases concerning CYP3A4 substrates. Concluding, PG‐PK interactions related to non‐CYP3A4 substrate drugs were, in general, addressed adequately in EU MAAs. PG‐PK information on CYP3A4 substrates was available less frequently, despite some available evidence on the functional relevance of CYP3A4 polymorphisms. A more harmonized approach toward assessment of PG‐PK issues in EU MAAs seems warranted, and a discussion on the relevance of CYP3A4 polymorphisms, such as CYP3A4*22, is recommended.
Investigation and Management of Stool Frequency and Consistency Associated With SGLT1 Inhibition by Reducing Dietary Carbohydrate: A Randomized Trial
Authors: He YanLing , Schofield Jül , Mahling Ping , Mendonza Anisha E. , Hinder Markus 
Published: April 2020

Treatment with licogliflozin, a dual sodium‐glucose co‐transporter (SGLT)1/2‐inhibitor, is associated with increased stool frequency and loose stools, attributed to SGLT1 inhibition. To investigate the effect of carbohydrate content and supplements on licogliflozin‐induced stools, a randomized, open‐label, two‐part (N = 24/part), three‐period crossover study was carried out in overweight or obese adults. Significantly higher (P < 0.01) change from baseline in 3‐day total number of bowel movements was observed following 3 days of licogliflozin treatment (50 mg q.d.) together with a 50% carbohydrate meal compared with a 25% and 0% carbohydrate meal. The number of stools with Bristol Stool Chart score of 6 or 7 was also significantly lower following a 0% carbohydrate meal. Supplementation with psyllium 6 g or calcium carbonate 1 g had no effect on stool changes following treatment. Licogliflozin was generally safe and well‐tolerated. Loose stool associated with licogliflozin treatment and ingestion of meals can be managed by reducing the carbohydrate content of meals taken with licogliflozin.
Wideband third‐order single‐transistor all‐pass filter
Authors: Elamien Mohamed B. , Maundy Brent J. , Belostotski Leonid , Elwakil Ahmed S. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn this letter, a third‐order wideband voltage‐mode all‐pass filter (APF) is proposed for application as a true time delay (TTD) cell. The advantages of designing a single‐stage higher order filter over cascading several lower order stages are illustrated. The proposed APF circuit is based on a single metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) transistor and is canonical because it requires one resistor, one inductor, and two capacitors. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first single‐transistor third‐order APF circuit to be reported in the literature. The operation of the proposed APF is validated through post‐layout simulations in a 65‐nm CMOS technology. The simulation results demonstrate a group delay of 59.4 ps across a 13.2‐GHz bandwidth with a maximum delay‐bandwidth product of 0.783, while consuming only 3.54mW from a 1‐V supply voltage. Moreover, the designed circuit achieves an input‐referred IP3 of 19.95 dBm and occupies an area of 161.5μm × 204.8μm.
Discrepancies between genetic and ecological divergence patterns suggest a complex biogeographic history in a Neotropical genus
Authors: Binelli Giorgio , Montaigne William , Sabatier Daniel , Scotti‐Saintagne Caroline , Scotti Ivan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhylogenetic patterns and the underlying speciation processes can be deduced from morphological, functional, and ecological patterns of species similarity and divergence. In some cases, though, species retain multiple similarities and remain almost indistinguishable; in other cases, evolutionary convergence can make such patterns misleading; very often in such cases, the “true” picture only emerges from carefully built molecular phylogenies, which may come with major surprises. In addition, closely related species may experience gene flow after divergence, thus potentially blurring species delimitation. By means of advanced inferential methods, we studied molecular divergence between species of the Virola genus (Myristicaceae): widespread Virola michelii and recently described, endemic V. kwatae, using widespread V. surinamensis as a more distantly related outgroup with different ecology and morphology—although with overlapping range. Contrary to expectations, we found that the latter, and not V. michelii, was sister to V. kwatae. Therefore, V. kwatae probably diverged from V. surinamensis through a recent morphological and ecological shift, which brought it close to distantly related V. michelii. Through the modeling of the divergence process, we inferred that gene flow between V. surinamensis and V. kwatae stopped soon after their divergence and resumed later, in a classical secondary contact event which did not erase their ecological and morphological differences. While we cannot exclude that initial divergence occurred in allopatry, current species distribution and the absence of geographical barriers make complete isolation during speciation unlikely. We tentatively conclude that (a) it is possible that divergence occurred in allopatry/parapatry and (b) secondary contact did not suppress divergence.
Cooperatively improving tallgrass prairie with adaptive management
Authors: Ahlering Marissa , Carlson Daren , Vacek Sara , Jacobi Sarah , Hunt Victoria , Stanton Jessica C. , Knutson Melinda G. , Lonsdorf Eric 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAdaptive management (AM) is widely used as an approach for learning to improve resource management, but successful AM projects remain relatively uncommon, with few documented examples applied by natural resource management agencies. We used AM to provide insights into actions that would be most beneficial for the management of native tallgrass prairie plant communities in western Minnesota and eastern North and South Dakota, USA. After 9 yr of data collection and learning, we report on whether the condition of the prairie improved with management and which actions and frequency of action allowed improvement. Our approach to AM employed Bayesian inference to generate annual management recommendations at site‐ and state‐dependent scales. We also used a logistic regression approach to complement the output from the AM model and evaluate the more general conditions that led to attaining management goals. Overall, the cover of native plants increased for low‐quality sites, and among the management practices considered, we found that burning most effectively enhanced the native prairie plant community and increased the dominance of native indicator species. Contrary to expectations, the results also indicate that grazing on sites that started in a poor condition was less likely to show improvements in the native plant community. Complementing AM with more traditional statistical analyses can help inform the iterative double‐loop learning phase of the AM framework. Adaptive management has many challenges, but we demonstrate that multi‐agency AM can be successful. Keys to success include starting the project with an in‐person, in‐depth workshop; standardized protocols and a centralized database; a core project team with multi‐disciplinary backgrounds; stability in project leadership; and regular communication to meet annual deadlines.
Von der geologischen Aufnahme zur BIM‐Repräsentation
Authors: Weichenberger Franz Peter , Schwaiger Christian , Höfer‐Öllinger Giorgio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStarting with geological field mapping in the tunnel, a process can be implemented to transform all geological observations into data structures for later use in BIM systems. All necessary basics are already available and a reference implementation has been programmed. When corresponding standards become available, which will be the case in the next one to two years, universal interchangeability of the information will also be provided. This will ensure that the ground model can be maintained through the life cycle, and the ground – as part of the Digital Twin of the structure – is available in later project phases like operation, maintenance, enlargement und renaturation.
Information count and distribution matrix: A contemporary approach for content‐based brain image indexing
Authors: Ray Soumi , Kumar Vinod 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIndexing of medical images for efficient management is gaining importance with its continuously growing database size. The popular text‐based image indexing method is time‐consuming. Content‐based labeling uses mathematical models for automatic indexing, offers higher speed and unbiased performance. Widely used image features are computed from pixel intensity and its distribution pattern. Pixel intensity depends on imaging modality. It introduces differences in the content of the same image when acquired using different modalities. In this article, we have proposed an intensity independent descriptor, Information Count and Distribution Matrix (ICDM). It is formulated to eliminate modality dependency and decrease the mathematical load. ICDM is formed using the foreground information of an image. Three primary (and two auxiliary) features are extracted from this matrix and used for brain image indexing. Brain computed tomography images are indexed by more than 96% accuracy using the proposed features. The formation of ICDM is proposed to reduce the semantic gaps between human and computer vision.
Determining the spatial distribution of percolation for winter wheat based on system dynamics and semi‐distributed modelling*
Authors: Chen Haorui , Zeng Wenzhi , Chen Weilin , Dai Wei , Mi Boyu , Liu Jing , Lei Guoqing 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTPercolation is one of the important factors in the field water cycle, which affects designing irrigation schedules and increasing water productivity. However, the measurement of percolation is both costly and time‐consuming. This study established a point‐scaled system dynamic model (SDM) for water movement in the root zone of winter wheat in Shijin Irrigation District (SID) and proposed a semi‐distributed method to extend the SDM from the point to regional scales (SM). Observations of soil moisture of the root zone (0–2 m) of winter wheat from 2007 to 2009 were used to evaluate the SDM and SM. Both could accurately simulate soil water movement during the winter wheat growth period (R2 > 0.6, RMSE < 0.032). Meanwhile, three extreme scenarios and sensitivity analysis were also applied to ensure the stability and plausibility of the SDM. The distribution of percolation indicated that irrigation was the main reason for percolation. Furthermore, well irrigation reduced the percolation when compared with canal irrigation. Meanwhile, wells were the main water source (56.3%) for the SID and percolation consumed about 22.1% income water. Future study should focus on improving simulation accuracy for spatial variability and consider the lateral exchange of soil water for regions with hills and mountains. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping the performance of photobioreactors for microalgae cultivation: geographic position and local climate
Authors: Siqueira Stefania F , Maroneze Mariana M , Dias Rosangela R , Vendruscolo Raquel G , Wagner Roger , de Menezes Cristiano R , Zepka Leila Q , Jacob‐Lopes Eduardo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOver 90% of microalgae cultivations on a commercial scale are grown in outdoor systems, which means that the performance of these bioprocesses is dependent on the climatic conditions in each particular locality. Thus, the selection of suitable locations according to their climatic conditions is extremely important to develop technically and economically viable processes. This study aimed to assess the influence of geographic position and local climate on the microalgae culture performance in photobioreactors, as a strategy to map potential regions for commercial‐scale microalgae production. Six extreme positions of Brazil were chosen to represent their respective climates in the four seasons of the year.RESULTSThe climatic variables considered were temperature, light irradiance, and photoperiod. In terms of both biomass and lipid production in an annual overview, the results showed that tropical climates and low latitudes favor the microalgae culture. The highest annual average biomass productivity (0.278 g L−1 d−1) and annual average lipid productivity (0.056 g L−1 d−1) were recorded in Boa Vista‐RR (02° 49′ 12″ N), in summer.CONCLUSIONThe geographic position and the local climate are decisive criteria in the performance of these processes, being able to increase up to three and four times the biomass productivity and lipid productivity, respectively. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Purification and characterization of a novel antioxidant Phelligridin LA produced by Inonotus baumii
Authors: Wang Tianwen , Li Hui , Liang Chen , Sun Shiwei , Liu Ao , Zhu Hu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fruit body of medicinal fungus, Sanghuang (Inonotus baumii), is a source of diverse metabolites with health‐promoting efficacy through varying mechanisms. The low efficiency of fruit body production and failure to discover valuable metabolites have severely limited more extensive applications.RESULTSA novel compound was discovered and identified as (6,6′‐bis((E)‐3,4‐dihydroxystyryl)‐4,4′‐dihydroxy‐2H,2′H‐[3,3′‐bipyran]‐2,2′‐dione (named as Phelligridin LA, PLA). The compound exhibited antioxidant activity against free radicals (DPPH•, •OH, •O2, and ABTS•+). The IC50 values of PLA and vitamin C were determined as 18.62 and 11.26 μmol L−1 (DPPH•), 222.56 and 718.48 μmol L−1 (•OH), 611.41 and 340.11 μmol L−1 (•O2), 73.33 and 44.31 μmol L−1 (ABTS•+), which demonstrated that PLA was an efficient scavenger of •OH radical.CONCLUSIONPLA is a novel antioxidant metabolite purified from the fermentation broth of Sanghuang, which proved that the biomass produced with fermentation was a good source for metabolite isolation. A feasible process was established to obtain this valuable ingredient from the medicinal fungus. This report exemplifies the exploitation of Sanghuang in the context of modern natural product discovery. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Anterolateral knee pain related to thrombosed lateral patellar retinaculum veins: Unusual anterolateral pain of the knee
Authors: Moraux Antoine , Bianchi Stefano , Le Corroller Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe describe the ultrasound (US) features of venous thrombosis involving the lateral patellar retinaculum (LPR) veins presenting as anterolateral knee pain. Four male patients, aged 16 to 35 years, were referred for lateropatellar pain with focal tenderness. In two cases, physical examination also demonstrated soft tissue swelling at the anterolateral aspect of the knee. In all four cases, US showed subcutaneous fat edema surrounding a thrombosis involving the LPR veins. Magnetic resonance imaging performed before US in one patient revealed only nonspecific subcutaneous fat edema and was therefore unable to make the correct diagnosis of LPR venous thrombosis.
Atmospheric sources of trace element contamination in cultivated urban areas: A review
Authors: Engel‐Di Mauro Salvatore 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProducing food in cities has garnered increasing attention over the past decade. Although there are ecological and social benefits, cultivated urban areas (CUAs) also bear contamination hazards, including from trace elements (TEs). Trace element contamination has been studied extensively in CUAs, but atmospheric sources remain understudied and poorly understood. A brief discussion is offered on atmospheric particulate deposition processes in cities and their implications for urban food production. Available findings are discussed and contrasted. Existing research assesses atmospheric deposition indirectly or otherwise lacks controls for other TE contaminants. There is little to no engagement with methodological guidelines from the atmospheric sciences, which reduces confidence in the findings so far attained. Suggestions are delineated to combine techniques used in the atmospheric sciences with the robust methodologies already generated by studies on TE contamination in CUAs, such as isotope and TE ratios analyses.
Triazole‐fused indolo[2,3‐a]carbazoles: synthesis, structures, and properties
Authors: Ghosh Sirina , Das Sarasija , Kumar Chandan , Kumar Neha Rani , Agrawal Abhijeet R. , Karmakar Himadri S. , Ghosh Nani Gopal , Zade Sanjio S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe synthesis, structure, and photophysical and electrochemical properties of triazole fused indolo[2,3‐a]carbazole derivatives 2‐5 are reported. The key step involved in the synthesis of triazole fused indolo[2,3‐a]carbazole derivatives is the Cadogan ring closing reaction. 2‐Hexyl‐5,6‐dinitro‐2H‐benzo[d][1,2,3]triazoles having 4,7‐diaryl capping were subjected to the Cadogan cyclization reaction to obtain compounds 2‐5. In contrast to thiadiazole‐fused indolo[2,3‐a]carbazole 1, bromination of triazole‐fused indolo[2,3‐a]carbazole 4 afforded only meta‐dibrominated product with respect to the nitrogen of fused pyrrole rings on treatment with both N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) and elemental bromine. These compounds showed positive solvatochromism in their emission spectra. Incorporation of electron‐donating substituent in the indole moiety resulted in the elevation of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to support the experimental findings.
1,25(OH)2D3 alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Cao Run , Ma Yuting , Li Shaowei , Shen Donghai , Yang Shuang , Wang Xuance , Cao Yue , Wang Zhizeng , Wei Yinxiang , Li Shulian , Liu Guangchao , Zhang Hailong , Wang Yaohui , Ma Yuanfang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3, VitD3) is the major active ingredient of vitamin D and has anti-inflammatory activity; however, the mechanism for this remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that VitD3 was able to abolish NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and subsequently inhibit caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion via the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Furthermore, VitD3 specifically prevented NLRP3-mediated apoptosis-associated speck-like protein with a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC) oligomerization. In additional to this, NLRP3 binding to NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7) was also inhibited. Notably, VitD3 inhibited autophagy, leading to the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Uncoupling protein 2-reactive oxygen species signaling may be involved in inflammasome suppression by VitD3. Importantly, VitD3 had both preventive and therapeutic effects on mouse model of ulcerative colitis, via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our results reveal a mechanism through which VitD3 represses inflammation and prevents the relevant diseases, and suggest a potential clinical use of VitD3 in autoimmune syndromes or other NLRP3 inflammasome-driven inflammatory diseases.
Molecular and epidemiological trends of human bocavirus and adenovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Bangladesh during 2015 to 2019
Authors: Sharif Nadim , Parvez Anowar Khasru , Haque Aynul , Talukder Ali Azam , Ushijima Hiroshi , Dey Shuvra Kanti 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVirus associated diarrhea remains one of the leading causes of children morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. Human bocavirus (HBoV) has been reported as a potential pathogen of children's diarrhea worldwide. However, due to its frequent association with other gastroenteric pathogens, its role as diarrhea causative agent remains to be defined. This study focuses to detect the incidence of HBoV and adenovirus (AdV) and to determine the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of HBoV and AdV. Between January 2015 to January 2019, 290 fecal specimens were collected from diarrheal children in Bangladesh. All fecal specimens were tested for HBoV and AdV by conventional polymerase chain reaction and sequencing methods. HBoV was detected in 7.24% (21 of 290) of the stool samples, as a sole virus in 71.42% (15 of 21) of the positive samples. AdV was detected in 4.82% (14 of 290) of the samples. The most common clinical symptoms of HBoV infected patients were diarrhea (100%) and vomiting (57%). All of the isolates of HBoV were from HBoV1 and AdV were from AdV41, AdV5, AdV7, and AdV8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first epidemiological and molecular analysis report of HBoV from clinical specimens in Bangladesh. In the future, more studies are needed to clarify the role of HBoV as diarrheal pathogens.