bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare providers’ knowledge and handling of impairments after intensive unit treatment: A questionnaire survey
Authors: Jensen Emilie K. , Poulsen Lone M. , Mathiesen Ole , Estrup Stine 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundNumerous patients experience long‐term impairments after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU), including physical, psychological and cognitive deficiencies. This study aims to investigate the knowledge and handling of post‐intensive care impairments among Danish doctors and nurses in the medical and surgical wards.MethodsAn electronic questionnaire survey was distributed to consultants and development nurses, head nurses and assistant head nurses at departments of abdominal surgery and internal medicine of hospitals with an ICU in the Region Zealand of Denmark.ResultsWe invited 350 employees to participate, 48% responded. Most participants, 82.8% nurses and 86.6% doctors, reported their knowledge of in‐hospital needs of the ICU patients to be average or higher. Sixty per cent of doctors reported having average or higher knowledge of the patients’ post‐discharge needs. More than half the doctors (60.2%) reported that they “Rarely” or “Never” addressed possible ICU‐related impairments in the discharge summary. During hospital admission, 22.9% replied “No screening performed” for physical impairment, while the rates for psychological and cognitive impairments were 70.7% and 57.3%, respectively. Most respondents believed that doctors (92.8%) and nurses (92.1%) in the ward and ICU doctors (89.4%) play an important role in detecting ICU‐related impairments; 63.8% felt that general practitioners play a key role.ConclusionDoctors and nurses generally reported having average or higher knowledge of ICU patients’ in‐hospital needs, but few screened systematically for ICU‐related impairments. Most respondents believed that detecting these problems is a shared responsibility between professionals in the primary and, especially, the secondary healthcare sector.
Maf1‐dependent transcriptional regulation of tRNAs prevents genomic instability and is associated with extended lifespan
Authors: Shetty Mihir , Noguchi Chiaki , Wilson Sydney , Martinez Esteban , Shiozaki Kazuhiro , Sell Christian , Mell Joshua Chang , Noguchi Eishi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMaf1 is the master repressor of RNA polymerase III responsible for transcription of tRNAs and 5S rRNAs. Maf1 is negatively regulated via phosphorylation by the mTOR pathway, which governs protein synthesis, growth control, and lifespan regulation in response to nutrient availability. Inhibiting the mTOR pathway extends lifespan in various organisms. However, the downstream effectors for the regulation of cell homeostasis that are critical to lifespan extension remain elusive. Here we show that fission yeast Maf1 is required for lifespan extension. Maf1’s function in tRNA repression is inhibited by mTOR‐dependent phosphorylation, whereas Maf1 is activated via dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase complexes, PP4 and PP2A. Mutational analysis reveals that Maf1 phosphorylation status influences lifespan, which is correlated with elevated tRNA and protein synthesis levels in maf1∆ cells. However, mTOR downregulation, which negates protein synthesis, fails to rescue the short lifespan of maf1∆ cells, suggesting that elevated protein synthesis is not a cause of lifespan shortening in maf1∆ cells. Interestingly, maf1∆ cells accumulate DNA damage represented by formation of Rad52 DNA damage foci and Rad52 recruitment at tRNA genes. Loss of the Rad52 DNA repair protein further exacerbates the shortened lifespan of maf1∆ cells. Strikingly, PP4 deletion alleviates DNA damage and rescues the short lifespan of maf1∆ cells even though tRNA synthesis is increased in this condition, suggesting that elevated DNA damage is the major cause of lifespan shortening in maf1∆ cells. We propose that Maf1‐dependent inhibition of tRNA synthesis controls fission yeast lifespan by preventing genomic instability that arises at tRNA genes.
“Whole” vs. “fragmented” approach to EAACI pollen season definitions: A multicenter study in six Southern European cities
Authors: Hoffmann Tara Maria , Acar Şahin Aydan , Aggelidis Xenophon , Arasi Stefania , Barbalace Andrea , Bourgoin Anne , Bregu Blerina , Brighetti Maria Antonia , Caeiro Elsa , Caglayan Sozmen Sule , Caminiti Lucia , Charpin Denis , Couto Mariana , Delgado Luís , Di Rienzo Businco Andrea , Dimier Claire , Dimou Maria V. , Fonseca João A. , Goksel Ozlem , Guvensen Aykut , Hernandez Dolores , Jang Dah Tay , Kalpaklioglu Fusun , Lame Blerta , Llusar Ruth , Makris Michael P. , Mazon Angel , Mesonjesi Eris , Nieto Antonio , Öztürk Ayse , Pahus Laurie , Pajno Giovanni Battista , Panasiti Ilenia , Panetta Valentina , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Pellegrini Elisabetta , Pelosi Simone , Pereira Ana Margarida , Pereira Mariana , Pinar Munevver , Pfaar Oliver , Potapova Ekaterina , Priftanji Alfred , Psarros Fotis , Sackesen Cansin , Sfika Ifigenia , Suarez Javier , Thibaudon Michel , Travaglini Alessandro , Tripodi Salvatore , Verdier Valentine , Villella Valeria , Xepapadaki Paraskevi , Yazici Duygu , Matricardi Paolo M. , Dramburg Stephanie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe adequate definition of pollen seasons is essential to facilitate a correct diagnosis, treatment choice, and outcome assessment in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. A position paper by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) proposed season definitions for Northern and Middle Europe.ObjectiveTo test the pollen season definitions proposed by EAACI in six Mediterranean cities for seven pollen taxa.MethodsAs part of the @IT.2020 multi‐center study, pollen counts for Poaceae, Oleaceae, Fagales, Cupressaceae, Urticaceae (Parietaria spp.), and Compositae (Ambrosia spp., Artemisia spp.) were collected from January 1 to December 31, 2018. Based on these data, pollen seasons were identified according to EAACI criteria. A unified monitoring period for patients in AIT trials was created and assessed for feasibility.ResultsThe analysis revealed a great heterogeneity between the different locations in terms of pattern and length of the examined pollen seasons. Further, we found a fragmentation of pollen seasons in several segments (max. 8) separated by periods of low pollen counts (intercurrent periods). Potential monitoring periods included often many recording days with low pollen exposure (max. 341 days).ConclusionThe Mediterranean climate leads to challenging pollen exposure times. Monitoring periods for AIT trials based on existing definitions may include many intermittent days with low pollen concentrations. Therefore, it is necessary to find an adapted pollen season definition as individual solution for each pollen and geographical area.
A pilot randomised controlled trial of the management of systolic blood pressure during endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Deng C. , Campbell D. , Diprose W. , Eom C. , Wang K. , Robertson N. , Short T. G. , Brew S. , Caldwell J. , McGuinness B. , Barber P. A. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIt is unknown whether systolic blood pressure augmentation during endovascular thrombectomy improves clinical outcomes. This pilot randomised controlled trial aimed to assess the feasibility of differential systolic blood pressure targeting during endovascular thrombectomy procedures for anterior circulation ischaemic stroke. Fifty‐one eligible patients fulfilling the national criteria for endovascular thrombectomy were randomly assigned to receive either standard or augmented systolic blood pressure management from the start of anaesthesia to recanalisation of the target vessel. Systolic blood pressure targets for the standard and augmented groups were 130–150 mmHg and 160–180 mmHg, respectively. The study achieved all feasibility targets, including a recruitment rate of 3.5 participants per week and median (IQR [range]) of mean systolic blood pressure separation between groups of 139 (135–143 [115–154]) vs. 167 (150–175 [113–188]) mmHg, p < 0.001. Data completeness was 99%. Independent functional recovery at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale 0, 1 or 2) was achieved in 30 (59%) patients, which is consistent with previously published data. There were no safety concerns with trial procedures. In conclusion, a large randomised controlled efficacy trial of standard vs. augmented systolic blood pressure management during endovascular thrombectomy is feasible.
In the Shadow of Other Anthropologists
Authors: Dalzell Victoria M. 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYThis piece of creative nonfiction traces how the work and presence of previous anthropologists laid a foundation for the author’s fieldwork on Tharu folk music traditions in Nepal. As she learned about Tharu folk music, the author also encountered stories of anthropologists, both foreign and national, who had worked in the same Tharu villages. As she continued her own fieldwork, the author interacted personally with some of these scholars or realized how others’ research had repercussions on how some of her Tharu interlocutors perceived her work. This piece explores the interconnectivity of multiple generations of ethnographers, the communities in which they study, and the scholarly artifacts they create.
Neonatal brainstem auditory function associates with early receptive language development in preterm children
Authors: Antinmaa Jaana , Lapinleimu Helena , Salonen Jaakko , Stolt Suvi , Kaljonen Anne , Jääskeläinen Satu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo study whether auditory function measured with brainstem auditory evoked potential and brainstem audiometry recordings in the neonatal period associates with language development 1 year later in preterm infants.MethodsThis retrospective study included 155 preterm infants (birthweight ≤1500 g and/or birth ≤32 gestational weeks) born between 2007 and 2012 at the Turku University Hospital. Auditory function was recorded in neonatal period. Information of language development was gathered at the mean corrected age of 1 year by using the Finnish version of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory.ResultsSlower auditory processing (longer interpeak interval, IPI I‐V) in the right ear in the neonatal brainstem auditory evoked potential recording associated with smaller receptive lexicon size at 1 year (P = .043). Infants with longer IPI I‐V were more likely to have a deviant (≤17 words) receptive lexicon size (P = .033). The absence of a contralateral response with right ear stimulation increased the risk for deviant lexicon size (P = .049).ConclusionThe results suggest that impaired auditory function in the neonatal period in preterm infants may lead to a poorer receptive language outcome 1 year later. Auditory pathway function assessment provides information for the identification of preterm children at risk for weak language development.
The effectiveness and safety of topical β‐receptor blocker in treating superficial infantile haemangiomas: A meta‐analysis including 20 studies
Authors: Lin Zhenying , Zhang Baoxin , Yu Zhongjing , Li Huanyuan 
Published: December 2019

AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of topical β‐receptor blocker in treating superficial infantile haemangiomas (SIH) and compare the effectiveness and safety of topical β‐receptor blocker against other therapies.MethodsA search of the literature using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Review database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang were performed to identify the studies that estimated the effectiveness and safety of topical β‐receptor blocker in treating SIH, the fixed‐effect or random‐effects meta‐analytical techniques were applied to assess the outcomes.ResultsTwenty studies, involving 2098 patients, were included to conduct this analysis. Topical propranolol and topical timolol were discovered to be as effective as oral propranolol in treating SIH (propranolol, odds ratio [OR] = 0.486, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.165, 1.426, P = .189; timolol, OR = 0.955; 95%CI 0.700, 1.302; P = .769), and topical timolol was more effective than topical imiquimod (OR = 2.561; 95%CI 1.182, 5.550; P = .017), observation (OR = 18.458; 95%CI 5.660, 60.191; P < .001) and topical saline solutions (OR = 19.193; 95%CI 8.837, 41.683; P < .001) in treating SIH. The comparison between topical propranolol and oral propranolol led to no discovery of significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects (OR = 1.258; 95%CI 0.471, 3.358; P = .647). Compared with oral propranolol, topical timolol was associated with fewer incidences of adverse effects (OR = 0.191; 95%CI 0.043, 0.858; P = .031). No significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects was found when topical timolol and topical imiquimod were compared (OR = 0.077; 95%CI 0.005, 1.206; P = .068).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis provided evidence that topical β‐receptor blockers (propranolol and timolol), especially timolol, may replace oral propranolol as a first‐line treatment for SIH.
Learning‐based biomarker‐assisted rules for optimized clinical benefit under a risk constraint
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Zhao Ying‐Qi , Zheng Yingye 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNovel biomarkers, in combination with currently available clinical information, have been sought to improve clinical decision making in many branches of medicine, including screening, surveillance, and prognosis. Statistical methods are needed to integrate such diverse information to develop targeted interventions that balance benefit and harm. In the specific setting of disease detection, we propose novel approaches to construct a multiple‐marker‐based decision rule by directly optimizing a benefit function, while controlling harm at a maximally tolerable level. These new approaches include plug‐in and direct‐optimization‐based algorithms, and they allow for the construction of both nonparametric and parametric rules. A study of asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators is provided. Simulation results demonstrate good clinical utilities for the resulting decision rules under various scenarios. The methods are applied to a biomarker study in prostate cancer surveillance.
RNA‐binding protein Musashi2 stabilizing androgen receptor drives prostate cancer progression
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Yu , Liu Xi‐sheng , Zhu Fang‐ming , Xie Feng , Jiang Chen‐yi , Zhang Zi‐ye , Gao Ying‐li , Wang Yong‐chuan , Li Bin , Xia Shu‐jie , Han Bang‐min 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe androgen receptor (AR) pathway is critical for prostate cancer carcinogenesis and development; however, after 18‐24 months of AR blocking therapy, patients invariably progress to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which remains an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, finding key molecules that interact with AR as novel strategies to treat prostate cancer and even CRPC is desperately needed. In the current study, we focused on the regulation of RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) associated with AR and determined that the mRNA and protein levels of AR were highly correlated with Musashi2 (MSI2) levels. MSI2 was upregulated in prostate cancer specimens and significantly correlated with advanced tumor grades. Downregulation of MSI2 in both androgen sensitive and insensitive prostate cancer cells inhibited tumor formation in vivo and decreased cell growth in vitro, which could be reversed by AR overexpression. Mechanistically, MSI2 directly bound to the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) of AR mRNA to increase its stability and, thus, enhanced its transcriptional activity. Our findings illustrate a previously unknown regulatory mechanism in prostate cancer cell proliferation regulated by the MSI2‐AR axis and provide novel evidence towards a strategy against prostate cancer.
Monoamine oxidase inhibition by selected dye compounds
Authors: de Beer Franciska , Petzer Jacobus P. , Petzer Anél 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMonoamine oxidase (MAO) is an important drug target as the MAO isoforms play key roles in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as in neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression. Methylene blue is an inhibitor of MAO‐A, while azure B, the major metabolite of methylene blue, and various other structural analogues retain the ability to inhibit MAO‐A. Based on this, the present study evaluated 22 dyes, many of which are structurally related to methylene blue, as potential inhibitors of human MAO‐A and MAO‐B. The results highlighted three dye compounds as good potency competitive and reversible MAO inhibitors, and which exhibit higher MAO inhibition than methylene blue: acridine orange, oxazine 170 and Darrow red. Acridine orange was found to be a MAO‐A specific inhibitor (IC50 = 0.017 μM), whereas oxazine 170 is a MAO‐B specific inhibitor (IC50 = 0.0065 μM). Darrow red was found to be a non‐specific MAO inhibitor (MAO‐A, IC50 = 0.059 μM; MAO‐B, IC50 = 0.065 μM). These compounds may be advanced for further testing and preclinical development, or be used as possible lead compounds for the future design of MAO inhibitors.
Developments in the field of clinical allergy in 2018 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Part II
Authors: Roberts Graham , Almqvist C. , Boyle R. , Crane J. , Hogan S. P. , Marsland B. , Saglani S. , Woodfolk J. A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, we describe developments in the field of clinical allergy as described by Clinical and Experimental Allergy in 2018; epidemiology, asthma and rhinitis, clinical allergy and allergens are all covered.
Chronic infection with a tissue‐invasive helminth attenuates sublethal anaphylaxis and reduces granularity and number of mast cells
Authors: Kropp Laura , Jackson‐Thompson Belinda , Thomas Louis Michael , McDaniel Dennis , Mitre Edward 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundImmunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal condition in which allergy effector cells rapidly discharge pre‐formed inflammatory mediators. Treatments that address the immune component of allergic anaphylaxis are inadequate. Helminths have been previously shown to suppress effector cell function; however, their ability to treat pre‐existing allergy remains unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the ability of chronic helminth infection to protect against anaphylaxis in previously sensitized mice.MethodsA sublethal model of anaphylaxis was used, in which BALB/c mice were sensitized by three intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of OVA/alum. Temperature drop was then monitored after systemic OVA challenge in uninfected mice and in mice infected chronically with Litomosoides sigmodontis, a tissue‐invasive filarial nematode.ResultsLitomosoides sigmodontis‐infected mice exhibited significantly lower serum levels of mMCP‐1 and were less hypothermic at 30‐minute post‐challenge compared to uninfected OVA‐challenged controls. Characterization of anaphylaxis revealed that FcԑR1 and mast cells were required for hypothermia and elevated serum mMCP‐1. OVA‐IgE and OVA‐IgG1 serum levels were not significantly altered by L sigmodontis infection, and experiments with IL‐10−/− mice demonstrated that IL‐10 was not required for protection against anaphylaxis. However, peritoneal mast cell numbers were significantly lower in infected mice, and those that were present exhibited decreased granularity by flow cytometry and marked depletion of intracytoplasmic granules by light microscopy. Mast cells from infected mice had lower expression of the activation markers CD200R and CD63 and contained significantly lower basal stores of histamine.ConclusionsChronic L sigmodontis infection protects against anaphylaxis, likely due to reduction in mast cell numbers and depletion of pre‐formed inflammatory mediators in remaining mast cells.
Problem Solvers Adjust Cognitive Offloading Based on Performance Goals
Authors: Weis Patrick P. , Wiese Eva 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhen incorporating the environment into mental processing (cf., cognitive offloading), one creates novel cognitive strategies that have the potential to improve task performance. Improved performance can, for example, mean faster problem solving, more accurate solutions, or even higher grades at university.1 Although cognitive offloading has frequently been associated with improved performance, it is yet unclear how flexible problem solvers are at matching their offloading habits with their current performance goals (can people improve goal‐related instead of generic performance, e.g., when being in a hurry and aiming for a “quick and dirty” solution?). Here, we asked participants to solve a cognitive task, provided them with different goals—maximizing speed (SPD) or accuracy (ACC), respectively—and measured how frequently (Experiment 1) and how proficiently (Experiment 2) they made use of a novel external resource to support their cognitive processing. Experiment 1 showed that offloading behavior varied with goals: Participants offloaded less in the SPD than in the ACC condition. Experiment 2 showed that this differential offloading behavior was associated with high goal‐related performance: fast answers in the SPD, accurate answers in the ACC condition. Simultaneously, goal‐unrelated performance was sacrificed: inaccurate answers in the SPD, slow answers in the ACC condition. The findings support the notion of humans as canny offloaders who are able to successfully incorporate their environment in pursuit of their current cognitive goals. Future efforts should be focused on the finding's generalizability, for example, to settings without feedback or with high mental workload.
Cold‐water coral assemblages on vertical walls from the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Robert Katleen , Jones Daniel O. B. , Georgiopoulou Aggeliki , Huvenne Veerle A. I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimIn this study, we assess patterns of cold‐water coral assemblages observed on deep‐sea vertical walls. Similar to their shallow‐water counterparts, vertical and overhanging walls in the deep sea can host highly diverse communities, but because of their geometry, these habitats are generally overlooked and remain poorly known. These vertical habitats are however of particular interest, because they can protect vulnerable coral ecosystems from trawling activities. As such, it is important to understand their ecology and assess their global importance.LocationVertical walls on complex geomorphic features, in particular walls of the Rockall Bank Slope Failure Escarpment, Whittard and Explorer Canyons, Northeast Atlantic.MethodsVideo analysis of remotely operated vehicle transects carried out at five sites is used to investigate differences in species composition and diversity across walls and to compare those to nearby cold‐water coral sites on flat terrain. A high‐resolution photogrammetric reconstruction is further employed to examine whether wall complexity plays a role in promoting niche differentiation at very fine spatial scales.ResultsThe investigated walls showed differences in species assemblage both across walls and in comparison to flat sites, with the fine‐scale heterogeneity engendered by walls allowing niche differentiation between closely related taxa.Main ConclusionsVertical walls represent an important cold‐water coral habitat with differences in species composition across walls within a region, illustrating their role in driving diversity patterns. Based on publicly available bathymetric datasets and a catalogue of broad‐scale terrain features, globally over 8,000 features are likely to have vertical walls and cold‐water corals, which highlight the need to consider deep‐sea vertical habitats in current conservation efforts.