bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinel Li4Mn5O12 as 2.0 V Insertion Materials for Mg‐Based Hybrid Ion Batteries
Authors: Cen Yuan , Liu Yuping , Zhou Yan , Tang Licheng , Jiang Pengfei , Hu Jiahong , Xiang Qin , Hu Bingbing , Xu Chuanlan , Yu Danmei , Chen Changguo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith the increasing demand for electrical energy storage, a new Mg−Li hybrid battery with Mg anode is regarded as a promising candidate because of low cost, high volumetric capacity, and dendrite‐free nature of the Mg anode. Nevertheless, the characteristics of low operation voltage and low energy density for Mg−Li hybrid batteries hinders their widespread application, owing to limited reversible cathodes. To overcome these issues, a highly reversible fast Li+ insertion cathode with high voltage is an effective strategy to realize high‐energy‐density Mg−Li hybrid batteries. Herein, we develop the 2 V high‐voltage spinel Li4Mn5O12 cathode material with unique nano‐/microspheres, using a novel low‐temperature method, offering a short Li‐diffusion path and sufficient transport channels for electrolyte penetration into the electrode. For the first time, we demonstrate the feasibility of the spinel Li4Mn5O12 nano‐/microspheres with hierarchical architecture as a cathode for 2 V hybrid Mg−Li batteries. It exhibits a reversible specific capacity of 155 mAh g−1 and a long discharge voltage platform exceeding 2.0 V (vs. Mg/Mg2+) coupled with high energy density of 326 Wh kg−1 at a current density of 0.1 C (1 C=163 mA g−1). Our results pave the way of constructing new hybrid Mg−Li batteries with high voltage and high energy density.
A Water‐Stable Lanthanide Coordination Polymer as Multicenter Platform for Ratiometric Luminescent Sensing Antibiotics
Authors: Wu Shuangyan , Zhu Mingchang , Zhang Ying , Kosinova Marina , Fedin Vladimir P. , Gao Enjun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs a hot topic of global concern, the distinguishing and detecting of antibiotic pollution is crucial owing to its adverse effect on ecosystems and human health stemming from excessive use and poor management. Herein, a water‐stable lanthanide coordination polymer sensor (Dy‐TCPB) with multiple emitting centers is prepared. The versatile Dy‐TCPB can conveniently differentiate various antibiotics, and displays a self‐calibration luminescent response to nitrofurazone (NFZ) and furazolidone (FZD). Each antibiotic exhibits notable correlation to a unique combination of the two ligand‐to‐Dy ion emission intensity ratios, enabling two‐dimensional fingerprint recognition. Furthermore, the novel self‐calibration sensor demonstrates effective recognition of NFZ and FZD with excellent sensitivity and selectivity, and detection limits as low as 0.0476 and 0.0482 μm for NFZ and FZD, respectively. The synthetic approach for the fabrication of a singular coordination polymer exhibiting multiple emissions provides a promising strategy for the development of facile and effective ratiometric sensors.
Identification of the Active Catalyst for Nickel‐Catalyzed Stereospecific Kumada Coupling Reactions of Ethers
Authors: Dawson David D. , Oswald Victoria F. , Borovik Andy S. , Jarvo Elizabeth R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA series of nickel complexes in varying oxidation states were evaluated as precatalysts for the stereospecific cross‐coupling of benzylic ethers. These results demonstrate rapid redox reactions of precatalysts, such that the oxidative state of the precatalyst does not dictate the oxidation state of the active catalyst in solution. These data provide the first experimental evidence for a Ni0–NiII catalytic cycle for a stereospecific alkyl–alkyl cross‐coupling reaction, including spectroscopic analysis of the catalyst resting state.
Region‐dependent analysis on particle behaviours in a spout‐fluidized bed using the discrete hard sphere particle method
Authors: Wang Tianyu , He Yurong , Ren Anxing , Gao Qinghua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDiscrete hard sphere particle models and improved large eddy simulations are utilized to investigate the relationship between gas channels and particle behaviour, and the spatial characteristics of particles are explored through region‐dependent analysis. A spout‐fluidized bed can be divided into upper and lower parts according to clear differences in particle behaviour. Particle motion in the lower section is driven by the gas channel generation process, which leads to a strong gas‐solid interaction. In the upper section, strong gas‐solid interactions occur only in the vicinity of the gas‐channel. We find that the complex generation, evolution, and dissolution of the gas channel is anisotropic, which leads to spatial variations in particle behaviour. The influence of various models and operation parameters are investigated, and our results can be used to optimize the design of reactors and enhance gas‐solid interactions.
Actin filaments modulate electrical activity of brain microtubule protein two‐dimensional sheets
Authors: del Rocío Cantero María , Gutierrez Brenda C. , Cantiello Horacio F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells contains networks of actin filaments and microtubules (MTs) that are jointly implicated in various cell functions, including cell division, morphogenesis, and migration. In neurons, this synergistic activity drives both the formation of axons during development and synaptic activity in mature neurons. Both actin filaments and MTs also are highly charged polyelectrolytes that generate and conduct electrical signals. However, no information is presently available on a potential electrical crosstalk between these two cytoskeletal networks. Herein we tested the effect of actin polymerization on the electrical oscillations generated by two‐dimensional sheets of bovine brain microtubule protein (2D‐MT). The voltage‐clamped 2D‐MT sheets displayed spontaneous electrical oscillations representing a synchronous 224% change in conductance, and a fundamental frequency of 38 Hz. At 60 mV, a 4.15 nC of integrated charge transferred per second increased by 72.3% (7.15 nC) after addition of monomeric (G)‐actin. This phenomenon had a 2‐min lag time, and was prevented by the presence of the G‐actin‐binding protein DNAse I. Addition of prepolymerized F‐actin, however, had a rapid onset (<10 s) and a higher effect on the tubulin sheets (~100% increase, 8.25 nC). The data are consistent with an interaction between the actin cytoskeleton and tubulin structures, in what seems to be an electrostatic effect. Because actin filaments and MTs interact with each other in neurons, it is possible for this phenomenon to be present, and of relevance in the processing of intracellular signaling, including the gating and activation of actin cytoskeleton‐regulated excitable ion channels in neurons.
Genomewide predictions as a substitute for a portion of phenotyping in maize
Authors: Ames Nicholas C. , Bernardo Rex 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhen genomewide predictions are available, maize (Zea mays L.) breeders may consider foregoing first‐year phenotyping of testcrosses or, at the very least, reducing the number of locations used in phenotyping. Our objectives were to determine the equivalency between genomewide predictions and the number of locations used in phenotyping, and the extent to which genomewide predictions can reduce subsequent phenotyping in maize. For each of 21 test populations, we constructed half‐sib training populations from prior biparental populations evaluated in multiple environments. Marker data were available for 2911 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. We estimated the number of locations (LEq) for which the response to phenotypic selection was equal to the response to genomewide selection. The median analytical estimate of LEq (cross‐validation estimate of LEq in parentheses) was 1.1 (1) for yield, 1.8 (2) for moisture, and 3.0 (3) for test weight. The estimates of LEq varied widely among the test populations. We estimated the response to selection for an index that combined genomewide predictions and phenotypic data from different numbers of predictor locations (LP). The improvement in the response when LP increased from 0 (genomewide selection) to 1 was greater than the improvement in the response when LP increased from 1 to 2. This result suggested that phenotyping even at a single location captured signals that genomewide prediction did not capture. The analysis herein is helpful in designing breeding schemes that achieve a balance between the amount of genetic gain and the time and cost required to achieve such gain.
Transcriptome profiling reveals differentially expressed genes associated with flowering time in contrasting switchgrass genotypes
Authors: Taylor Megan , Zhao Xiongwei , Casler Michael D. , Jiang Yiwei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has become an important biofuel crop. The experiment was designed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for flowering time in switchgrass genotypes contrasting in heading and anthesis dates. Phytomers of early‐ (S041) and late‐flowering (B901) parents and early‐ (7071) and late‐flowering (7055) F2 genotypes were collected on two sampling dates of vegetative stages, and transcriptome profiling was completed to identify DEGs involved in flowering time using RNA sequencing. Across two sampling dates, the comparison between S041 and B901 identified six upregulated (TOC1, FKF1, two PHYA, and two PFT1) and five downregulated flowering DEGs (FT, GASA, COP1, and two CHS) in S041, but one upregulated FT and one downregulated GASA in B901. When comparing two F2 genotypes, three DEGs (PFT1 and two FT) were upregulated in 7071, and six DEGs (PRR7, PRR5, PHYB, TOC1, and two CKB4) were upregulated and one DEG (COP1) was downregulated in 7055 genotype. The upregulation of PRR5 and FKF1 and downregulation of GASA and COP1 were found in both early‐flowering genotypes, whereas FKF1, PRR5, PRR7, and PHYB were upregulated and two GASA were downregulated in both late‐flowering genotypes. Across both early‐flowering genotypes, seven upregulated and 12 downregulated transcription factors (TFs) from nine families related to flowering were differentially expressed, whereas eight upregulated and 30 downregulated flowering related TFs from 16 families were differentially expressed across both late‐flowering genotypes. The identification of key genes involved in the flowering pathways could facilitate the development of desirable flowering phenotypes of switchgrass.
Survey of chloride exclusion in grape germplasm from the southwestern United States and Mexico
Authors: Heinitz Claire C. , Riaz Summaira , Tenscher Alan C. , Romero Nina , Walker M. Andrew 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIncreasing salinization is a threat to viticultural production as the quantity and quality of irrigation water decreases. Grapevines are particularly sensitive to chloride ions, but some wild species of Vitis L. have been found to restrict chloride uptake. Therefore, it is possible to breed rootstocks that prevent chloride from reaching the leaves or fruit, where buildup of the ion can reduce photosynthetic capacity and affect fruit and wine quality. A previously developed greenhouse screen for chloride exclusion, which mimics field results, was applied to 325 accessions of 14 Vitis species collected from the southwestern United States and Mexico. While the trait was not clearly associated with any particular species or geographic region, promising chloride‐excluding accessions were identified. Vitis girdiana Munson from southern Nevada and V. X doaniana Munson ex Viala from the border of Texas and Oklahoma both consistently restricted chloride uptake in comparison to 140 Ruggeri (140 Ru), a known salt excluder. In addition, many accessions of V. girdiana from southern Nevada took up less than half the concentration of chloride in the roots as compared with 140 Ru. The prevalence of the chloride exclusion trait across multiple genetic backgrounds indicates that this collection may contain multiple sources for chloride exclusion in grape. This screen is an important first step in the characterization of Vitis rootstock breeding material from the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Effect of temperature on survival and yield components of field‐acclimated soft red winter wheat
Authors: Alt Douglas S. , Lindsey Alexander J. , Sulc R. Mark , Lindsey Laura E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFreeze tolerance is greatest in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during winter dormancy and decreases as the plant develops in the spring. Above‐average temperatures during the winter and spring have resulted in wheat resuming growth earlier in the season, exposing a less freeze‐tolerant plant to an increased risk of spring freeze events. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on seed yield components and biomass of field‐acclimated winter wheat at Feekes 6, 8, and 10.5.1 growth stages. Five soft red winter wheat cultivars were transplanted from the field into pots at each Feekes growth stage identified above. Plants were placed into freeze chambers with temperature treatments ranging from −16 to 4°C. Plants were exposed to the treatment temperature for 15 min and placed in a cooler maintained at 4°C. After 20 h, plants were moved to an open‐air greenhouse and grown to maturity. At maturity, yield component and biomass data were recorded. Temperature treatments of −10, −7, and −3°C reduced seed weight at Feekes 6, 8, and 10.5.1 growth stages, respectively, compared with plants held at 4°C. Plant biomass was reduced at Feekes 6 and 8 growth stages at −10 and −4°C, respectively. These guidelines will help producers better estimate the potential value of a freeze‐damaged wheat crop.
Rapid identification of RNA‐interference‐based resistance to Bean golden mosaic virus in transgenic common beans via loop‐mediated isothermal amplification
Authors: Teixeira Nara Cristina , Wendland Adriane , Oliveira Maythsulene Inácio de Souza , Brandão Livia Teixeira Duarte , de Souza Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira , de Faria Josias Correa , Del Peloso Maria José , Cortes Marcio Vinicius de Carvalho Barros 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA molecular tool was adapted for practical identification of the world's first transgenic event (Embrapa 5.1) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Based on the technology of RNA interference and on the transformation of plants via the Biobalistic method, a transgenic bean was created with effective resistance to Bean golden mosaic virus, its principal virus. To support the monitoring of this technology, the development of new cultivars, and the process of producing, benefiting, and distributing of seeds and grains, a molecular detection tool based on loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed. This tool can facilitating diagnosis, making it fast, specific, low‐cost, and easily executed. Based on the gene Ahas (GenBank M88686) of the Embrapa 5.1 event, sets of initiators were planned (forward outer primer–backward outer primer and forward inner primer–backward inner primer) that are characteristic of the LAMP method. These were evaluated for their sensitivity and specificity in detecting their target. The LAMP method allows direct visual interpretation. The Neutral Red (NR) pH indicator was adopted to facilitate molecular diagnosis in moderately well equipped environments, thus reducing the risk of contamination and the need for skilled labor. This agility in diagnosis occurs because several phases commonly used in molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction, can be excluded. The LAMP method, combined with a rapid DNA extraction method (modified NaOH) and the addition of NR, provides technological support for addressing issues of biosafety, traceability, and identification of the Embrapa 5.1 event in beans in the field and in industry.
Dilution of the Electron Density in the π‐Conjugated Skeleton of Organic Cathode Materials Improves the Discharge Voltage
Authors: Dai Gaole , Gao Yehua , Niu Zhihui , He Ping , Zhang Xiaohong , Zhao Yu , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOrganic compounds are promising candidates as battery materials because they can be sourced from sustainable resources, have tunable structures, and are cheap. However, the working voltage of battery cells containing organic compounds as positive electrodes is relatively lower than that of those containing an inorganic counterpart. In this work, a strategy was developed to increase the discharge voltage of battery cells by diluting the electron density of N‐based redox centers in conjugated organic materials. In electron‐rich heterocyclic compounds that utilize N as the redox center, pentatomic rings such as carbazole derivatives exhibited a higher atomic‐dipole‐moment‐corrected Hirshfeld charge population compared with hexatomic rings, which led to a significant increase in the oxidation potential. As a result, polymeric indolocarbazole derivatives showed a high discharge voltage of 3.7–4.3 V vs. Li+/Li and good cycling performance. Such a strategy can be used to design high‐voltage organic electrode materials containing other redox centers.
The effects of dietary linoleic acid and hydrophilic antioxidants on basal, peak, and sustained metabolism in flight‐trained European starlings
Authors: Carter Wales A. , DeMoranville Kristen J. , Pierce Barbara J. , McWilliams Scott R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDietary micronutrients have the ability to strongly influence animal physiology and ecology. For songbirds, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and antioxidants are hypothesized to be particularly important micronutrients because of their influence on an individual's capacity for aerobic metabolism and recovery from extended bouts of exercise. However, the influence of specific fatty acids and hydrophilic antioxidants on whole‐animal performance remains largely untested. We used diet manipulations to directly test the effects of dietary PUFA, specifically linoleic acid (18:2n6), and anthocyanins, a hydrophilic antioxidant, on basal metabolic rate (BMR), peak metabolic rate (PMR), and rates of fat catabolism, lean catabolism, and energy expenditure during sustained flight in a wind tunnel in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). BMR, PMR, energy expenditure, and fat metabolism decreased and lean catabolism increased over the course of the experiment in birds fed a high (32%) 18:2n6 diet, while birds fed a low (13%) 18:2n6 diet exhibited the reverse pattern. Additionally, energy expenditure, fat catabolism, and flight duration were all subject to diet‐specific effects of whole‐body fat content. Dietary antioxidants and diet‐related differences in tissue fatty acid composition were not directly related to any measure of whole‐animal performance. Together, these results suggest that the effect of dietary 18:2n6 on performance was most likely the result of the signaling properties of 18:2n6. This implies that dietary PUFA influence the energetic capabilities of songbirds and could strongly influence songbird ecology, given their availability in terrestrial systems.
Bcl6 modulates innate immunity by controlling macrophage activity and plays critical role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Li Qing , Zhou Lei , Wang Ling , Li Shiqiang , Xu Guiliang , Gu Haijuan , Li Dali , Liu Mingyao , Fang Lei , Wang Zhengyi , Han Shuhua , Zheng Biao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe B‐cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) oncogenic repressor is a master regulator of humoral immunity and B‐cell lymphomagenesis. Although much research has focused on its regulation and function of GC B cells and T cells, the role of Bcl6 in regulating the functions of innate immunity is not well defined. Here, we demonstrated that EAE is exacerbated in LysM Cre+/− Bcl6fl/fl mice. Although other cells such as neutrophils might be involved in this conditional mutant mouse model, we found that the disease pathology is mainly associated with a biased M1 macrophage activity and an enhanced encephalitogenic CD4+ Th17 cell response. In addition, LPS‐induced sepsis mice exhibited an enhanced M1 and inhibited M2 response, further confirming that Bcl6 has an important role in regulating macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, Bcl6 interacts with IκBζ and interferes its binding to the interleukin‐6 (Il‐6) promoter in macrophages, leading to a suppressed transcription of Il‐6. These findings have demonstrated that Bcl6 exerts its regulatory function mainly by repressing Il‐6 expression in macrophages. Thus, our study presents a novel role for Bcl6 in regulating immune response and inflammation. Interaction between Bcl6 and IκBζ in macrophages may provide a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune inflammatory disease.
Limited efficacy of zonisamide in the treatment of refractory infantile spasms
Authors: Hussain Shaun A. , Navarro Mario , Heesch Jaeden , Ji Matthew , Asilnejad Brenda , Peters Haley , Rajaraman Rajsekar R. , Sankar Raman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA series of relatively small studies collectively suggest that zonisamide may be effective in the treatment of infantile spasms. Using a large single‐center cohort of children with infantile spasms, we set out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zonisamide. We retrospectively identified all patients with infantile spasms who were treated with zonisamide at our center. For each patient, we recorded dates of birth, infantile spasms onset, response (if any), and most recent follow‐up. To quantify zonisamide exposure, we recorded daily dosage and patient weight at each sequential encounter so as to allow calculation of peak and weighted‐average weight‐based dosage. We identified 87 children who were treated with zonisamide, of whom 78 had previously been treated with hormonal therapy or vigabatrin. Peak and weighted‐average zonisamide dosage were 7.1 (interquartile range 3.6, 10.2) and 5.4 (interquartile range 3.0, 8.9) mg/kg/day, respectively. Whereas five (6%) patients exhibited resolution of epileptic spasms, only two (2%) patients exhibited video‐EEG confirmed resolution of both epileptic spasms and hypsarrhythmia (electroclinical response). Importantly, both electroclinical responders had not previously been treated with hormonal therapy or vigabatrin; in contrast, none of the 78 children with prior failure of hormonal therapy or vigabatrin subsequently responded to zonisamide. Zonisamide was well tolerated, and there were no deaths. This study suggests that zonisamide exhibits favorable tolerability but very limited efficacy among patients who do not respond to first‐line therapy.
Multiphase flow behavior in deep water drilling: The influence of gas hydrate
Authors: Fu Jianhong , Su Yu , Jiang Wei , Xiang Xingyun , Li Bin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHydrate phase transition may bring hidden dangers for well control safety, even accidents of blowout happen in deep water drilling. Accurate calculation of all the drilling parameters is of great importance for well control safety. In this study, the mathematic models of transient heat transfer and multiphase flow have been established with the consideration of hydrate phase transition. Furthermore, the position where hydrate formation is most likely to occur was predicted with the proposed models, and the factors affecting hydrate formation region were also analyzed. Finally, the analysis of the effect of gas hydrate phase transition on some important parameters in well control, such as the pit gain, gas void fraction, and bottom hole pressure, is presented. The results show that hydrates form near the mud line during the drilling and shut‐in stage, but the hydrate formation region will be narrowed as well killing start. Additionally, the hydrate formation region decreased with the increase of flow rate and increased with the increasing shut‐in time, hydrate inhibitors, and riser insulation are presented to prevent hydrate blockage. More importantly, the gas void fraction and pit gain decrease due to the formation of hydrates, leading to the gas kick early detection not timely and gas kick more “hidden.”