bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid hormones and frailty in older adults: systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis
Authors: Chia Wen-Chun , Chen Yang-Ching , Xiu Shuang-ling , Wang Sen-Te 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To investigate (1) whether the association of thyroid hormone with frailty risk is linear or nonlinear and (2) which range of thyroid hormones or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is more associated with a higher risk of frailty in older adults.

Design
Systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis.

Methods
Medical electronic databases were searched for cross-sectional or longitudinal studies, published from database inception to February 2022. We focused on the relationship between TSH and frailty. Data on TSH reference range, TSH exposure categories, sample size of each exposure category, and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for frailty with 95% confidence interval (CI) were extracted. In the dose–response meta-analysis, we set the OR for frailty as 1 at 0.3 mIU/L TSH.

Results
The systematic review included 10 studies, whereas the meta-analysis included 3 studies (n = 6388). TSH levels ranged from 0.3 to 4.8 mIU/L, and the dose–response meta-analysis revealed a significant J-shaped association (p = 0.0071). Frailty OR (95% CI) increased from 1.30 (1.06–1.59) for 2.7 mIU/L TSH to 2.06 (1.18–3.57) for 4.8 mIU/L TSH.

Conclusions
A significant nonlinear, J-shaped association was noted between TSH level and frailty. TSH levels within the upper half (2.7–4.8mIU/L) of reference range was noted to significantly higher risk of frailty; by contrast, those in the lower half (0.6–1.5 mIU/L) had a lower risk of frailty, though not significantly so.

Trail registration
This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022299214).
Characterizing co-purchased food products with soda, fresh fruits, and fresh vegetables using loyalty card purchasing data in Montréal, Canada, 2015–2017
Authors: Mamiya Hiroshi , Crowell Kody , Mah Catherine L. , Quesnel-Vallée Amélie , Verma Aman , Buckeridge David L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Foods are not purchased in isolation but are normally co-purchased with other food products. The patterns of co-purchasing associations across a large number of food products have been rarely explored to date. Knowledge of such co-purchasing patterns will help evaluate nutrition interventions that might affect the purchasing of multiple food items while providing insights about food marketing activities that target multiple food items simultaneously.

Objective
To quantify the association of food products purchased with each of three food categories of public health importance: soda, fresh fruits and fresh vegetables using Association Rule Mining (ARM) followed by longitudinal regression analysis.

Methods
We obtained transaction data containing grocery purchasing baskets (lists of purchased products) collected from loyalty club members in a major supermarket chain between 2015 and 2017 in Montréal, Canada. There were 72 food groups in these data. ARM was applied to identify food categories co-purchased with soda, fresh fruits, and fresh vegetables. A subset of co-purchasing associations identified by ARM was further tested by confirmatory logistic regression models controlling for potential confounders of the associations and correlated purchasing patterns within shoppers.

Results
We analyzed 1,692,716 baskets. Salty snacks showed the strongest co-purchasing association with soda (Relative Risk [RR] = 2.07, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.06, 2.09). Sweet snacks/candies (RR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.72–1.74) and juices/drinks (RR:1.71, 95%CI:1.71–1.73) also showed strong co-purchasing associations with soda. Fresh vegetables and fruits showed considerably different patterns of co-purchasing associations from those of soda, with pre-made salad and stir fry showing a strong association (RR = 3.78, 95% CI:3.74–3.82 for fresh vegetables and RR = 2.79, 95%CI:2.76–2.81 for fresh fruits). The longitudinal regression analysis confirmed these associations after adjustment for the confounders, although the associations were weaker in magnitude.

Conclusions
Quantifying the interdependence of food products within shopping baskets provides novel insights for developing nutrition surveillance and interventions targeting multiple food categories while motivating research to identify drivers of such co-purchasing. ARM is a useful analytical approach to identify such cross-food associations from retail transaction data when combined with confirmatory regression analysis to adjust for confounders of such associations.
Exploring the link between fat-soluble vitamins and aging-associated immune system status: a literature review
Authors: Schmieder Hendrik , Leischner Christian , Piotrowsky Alban , Marongiu Luigi , Venturelli Sascha , Burkard Markus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The importance of vitamin D for a well-functioning immune system is becoming increasingly evident. Nevertheless, the other fat-soluble vitamins A, E and K also seem to play a central role regarding the adequate function of immune cells and to counteract excessive immune reactions and inflammatory processes. However, recognizing hidden hunger, particularly micronutrient deficiencies in vulnerable groups like the elderly, is crucial because older adults often lack sufficient micronutrients for various reasons. This review summarizes the latest findings on the immune modulating functions of fat-soluble vitamins in a physiological and pathophysiological context, provides a graphical comparison of the Recommended Daily Allowances between Deutschland, Austria, Confoederatio Helvetica (D-A-CH; eng. GSA, Germany, Switzerland, Austria), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung (DGE; eng. German Nutrition Society) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) across all age groups and, in particular, addresses the question regarding the benefits of supplementation of the respective micronutrients for the aging population of industrialized nations to strengthen the immune system. The following review highlights the importance of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K which play critical roles in maintaining immune system function and, in some cases, in preventing excessive immune activation. Therefore, a better understanding of the relevance of adequate blood levels and consequently potential supplementation strategies may contribute to the prevention and management of infectious diseases as well as better overall health of the elderly.
Longitudinal associations between family conflict, intergenerational transmission, and adolescents’ depressive symptoms: evidence from China Family Panel studies (2016–2020)
Authors: Jin Yu , Liu Jiayi , Li Pan , Hu Yunquan , Hong Xintian , Li Xiaoliang , Teng Yongyong , Huang Mingxing , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Adolescent depression is increasing globally, and family conflict may contribute to its transmission across generations. However, longitudinal evidence on these dynamics remains sparse. This study examines the longitudinal associations between family conflict and adolescents’ and parents’ depressive symptoms from three waves of data.

Methods
Data from the 2016–2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) were analyzed, including 1,772 adolescents (Mean age = 12.4, SD = 1.68 in 2016) and their parents. Family conflict was measured using three questions from adolescents, while depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Multiplelinear regression, latent growth models (LGM), and cross-lagged panel models (CLPM) were employed to examine longitudinal associations between family conflict and depressive symptoms.

Results
The results revealed that family conflict correlated with adolescents’ depressive symptoms (r = 0.580,p < 0.001). Adolescents’ depressive symptoms also exacerbated family conflict (β1 = 0.030, p < 0.05; β2 = 0.032, p < 0.01) across three waves, while family conflict had a limited contribution to parents’ depressive symptoms. Mothers’ depressive symptoms influenced adolescents’ depressive symptoms significantly (β = 0.043,p < 0.05), while adolescents’ depressive symptoms were transmitted to fathers’ depressive symptoms (β = 0.080,p < 0.01) between Wave 2 and Wave 3. Moreover, the mother’s education level negatively predicted adolescents’ depressive symptoms (β = -0.296,p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Family conflict plays a critical role in adolescents’ depressive symptoms and its intergenerational transmission. The findings underscore the pivotal role of family dynamics in mental health, especially in the development of adolescents’ depressive symptoms. Interventions aimed at reducing family conflict may help mitigate depressive symptoms across generations.
Tumour surface regularity predicts survival and benefit from gross total resection in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients
Authors: Lin Peng , Pang Jin-Shu , Lin Ya-Dan , Qin Qiong , Lv Jia-Yi , Zhou Gui-Qian , Tan Tian-Ming , Mo Wei-Jia , Chen Gang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the ability of sphericity in glioblastomas (GBMs) for predicting overall survival (OS) and the survival benefit from gross tumour resection (GTR).

Methods
Preoperative MRI scans were retrospectively analysed in IDH-wildtype GBM patients from two datasets. After MRI preprocessing and tumour segmentation, tumour sphericity was calculated based on the tumour core region. The prognostic value of tumour surface regularity was evaluated via Kaplan–Meier (K-M) plots, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses. In different surface regularity subgroups, the OS benefit from GTR was evaluated via K-M plots and the restricted mean survival time (RMST).

Results
This study included 367 patients (median age, 62.0 years [IQR, 54.5–70.5 years]) in the discovery cohort and 475 patients (median age, 63.6 years [IQR, 56.2–71.3 years]) in the validation cohort. Sphericity was an independent predictor of OS in the discovery (p = 0.022, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.99) and validation groups (p = 0.007, HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.09–1.74) according to multivariate analysis. Age, extent of resection, and surface regularity composed a prognostic model that separated patients into subgroups with distinct prognoses. Patients in the surface-irregular subgroup benefited from GTR, but patients in the surface-regular subgroup did not in the discovery (p < 0.001 vs. p = 0.056) and validation datasets (p < 0.001 vs. p = 0.11).

Conclusions
The high surface regularity of IDH-wildtype GBM is significantly correlated with better OS and does not benefit substantially from GTR.

Critical relevance statement
The proposed imaging marker has the potential to increase the survival prediction efficacy for IDH-wildtype glioblastomas (GBMs), offering a valuable indicator for clinical decision-making.

Key Points

Sphericity is an independent prognostic factor in IDH-wildtype glioblastomas (GBMs). High sphericity in IDH-wildtype GBM is significantly correlated with better survival.

GBM patients with low sphericity could receive survival benefits from gross tumour resection.

Graphical Abstract
R-AI-diographers: a European survey on perceived impact of AI on professional identity, careers, and radiographers’ roles
Authors: Stogiannos Nikolaos , Walsh Gemma , Ohene-Botwe Benard , McHugh Kevin , Potts Ben , Tam Winnie , O’Sullivan Chris , Quinsten Anton Sheahan , Gibson Christopher , Gorga Rodrigo Garcia , Sipos David , Dybeli Elona , Zanardo Moreno , Sá dos Reis Cláudia , Mekis Nejc , Buissink Carst , England Andrew , Beardmore Charlotte , Cunha Altino , Goodall Amanda , John-Matthews Janice St , McEntee Mark , Kyratsis Yiannis , Malamateniou Christina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Radiographers use advanced medical imaging and radiotherapy (MIRT) equipment. They are also a digitally mature and digitally resilient workforce in healthcare. Artificial intelligence is already changing their clinical practice and roles in data acquisition, post-processing, and workflow management. It is therefore vital to understand the impact of AI on the careers, roles and professional identity of radiographers, as key stakeholders of the digital transformation of healthcare within the medical imaging ecosystem.

Methods
A European radiographer survey, endorsed by the European Federation of Radiographer Societies (EFRS), was distributed online. It was piloted with twelve radiographers and translated into eight languages. Although this study included both qualitative and quantitative results, this paper emphasises the quantitative aspect.

Results
A total of 2206 European radiographers have responded from 37 different countries. Despite some concerns around workforce deskilling, future professional identity, and job prospects, participants showed overall optimistic views about the use of AI in healthcare. This was particularly strong for those with prior AI education (mean: 2.15 vs. 1.89; p-value: < 0.001), hands-on experience with AI (correlation: 0.047; p-value: 0.038), from countries with higher digital literacy (mean: 2.00 vs.1.93; p-value: 0.027) and a higher academic level of radiography education (mean: 3.28 vs. 3.15; p-value: 0.002). Men appeared slightly more enthused about the development of technological skills and women about the honing of patient-centred care skills. Finally, interprofessional collaboration was seen as essential not only for the seamless clinical integration of AI but also for supporting patient benefit.

Conclusion
While AI implementation advances, AI education needs to keep at pace to ensure acceptability, trust, and safe use of this technology by healthcare professionals, minimising their concerns around professional role changes and enabling them to see the opportunities of service transformation.

Critical relevance statement
This paper aims to map out the perceived impact of AI on the professional identity and careers of European radiographers.

Key Points

AI is impacting radiographers’ clinical practice and changing their professional identity.

Despite increasing AI awareness, AI education is still lacking across Europe.

AI education is key for AI acceptability and trust by radiographers, which facilitates AI implementation and service transformation.

Graphical Abstract
No increased drought-related mortality after thinning: a meta-analysis
Authors: Willig Julius , Schwarz Julia , Comeau Philip , Hartmann Henrik , Kohnle Ulrich , Espelta Josep Maria , Mäkinen Harri , Ogaya Roma , Peltoniemi Mikko , Penuelas Josep , Roth Brian , Ruiz-Peinado Ricardo , Ruge Florian , Bauhus Jürgen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Context
Forest scientists are challenged to identify and propose evidence-based silvicultural options to mitigate the impacts of drought events induced by climate change. For example, it has been suggested that thinning increases soil water availability for individual trees by reducing stand density and stand-level transpiration. Many studies have assessed the impact of thinning on stem growth and transpiration of individual trees during and after drought events. Often, growth increases were observed, but not consistently, and their impact on tree survival following drought has rarely been addressed.

Aims
We aimed to assess the effect of thinning on tree mortality, the ultimate indicator of tree resistance to soil water deficit induced by drought, with a focus on dominant trees.

Methods
We conducted a risk ratio meta-analysis on tree mortality before and after an extreme drought event with 32 thinning experiments from nine studies in Europe and North America.

Results
We showed that thinning reduced the overall mortality risk of trees. However, the lower mortality rate in thinned stands relative to unthinned stands in pre-drought periods was not further reduced during and after extreme drought events (p > 0.05). This may be due to the large heterogeneity and inconsistent reporting of mortality across the studies included in our analysis. Thinning did not exacerbate mortality among dominant trees.

Conclusion
Since thinning did not increase mortality, its application can still be recommended for many other management objectives such as maintaining tree species richness or lower disturbance risks from windthrow. We propose better documentation of thinning trials to improve the data base for systematic reviews.
Quantifying ento-literacy: development and validation of an international insect-focused attitude and knowledge survey instrument
Authors: Lucky Andrea , Janštová Vanda , Novotný Petr , Mourek Jan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
In an era of precipitous insect declines, effective entomology education is especially needed to support firsthand knowledge of nature. Understanding what students know and feel about insects is instrumental to teaching and curriculum development. This study describes the development and validation of a new survey instrument, EntoEdu, measuring ‘entomology literacy’, based on attitude and knowledge, in a cross-cultural context. For the survey validation we use data collected from students in Czechia (CZ), a country known for its entomophilia, and the United States of America (US) to demonstrate the utility of this survey and to address the questions: how do entomology attitude and knowledge differ across national affiliation and study domain, and how are entomology attitude and knowledge correlated in the context of these differences?

Results
Based on responses from 635 first-year college students, we demonstrate high reliability and evidence of validity of the EntoEdu instrument. Factor analysis supports five independent attitudinal categories within the instrument: Intention to Engage with Insects, Attitude toward Behavior, Control Belief, Hobby, and Disgust. In this study population, average attitude scores did not differ with nationality, whereas knowledge scores were higher in CZ than in the US. In both countries, attitude and knowledge scores were higher among biology students than those in other study domains, and attitude and knowledge were positively correlated.

Conclusions
The EntoEdu instrument, based on globally recognizable insect taxa, ecology, and behavior, has been developed for broad utility in assessing attitudes toward and knowledge of insects at the post-secondary level, with potential for use at both lower (K-12) and higher (advanced university) levels. The instrument is presented here in two language versions and can be translated into additional languages for comparison of results across test populations in additional countries. In our initial test population we find attitude and knowledge to be correlated, both of which are influenced by nationality, with Czechs more knowledgeable about insects than their US counterparts. We anticipate that this instrument will facilitate entomology assessment to help tailor biology education programs to students’ actual, rather than assumed, entomology knowledge and attitudes, and for tracking change over time.
Revisiting external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) — diagnostic and therapeutic point of view
Authors: Bidkar Vijay , Khadeeja K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The external auditory canal cholesteatoma is a rare presentation as compared to squamosal otitis media. The overlapping presentation creates challenges in diagnosis and treatment of this condition. In this case series, we aim to provide a succinct overview delving into its etiology, clinical presentation, novel radiological diagnostic feature, and management strategies.

Case presentation
The case presentation unfolds with two instances of external auditory canal cholesteatoma in individuals aged 20 and 29, both presenting with otalgia and otorrhea. Clinical and oto-endoscopic evaluations, coupled with audiograms and radiographic studies presented. The high-resolution computed tomography features of the temporal bones of reduction in the thickness of tympanic bone are helpful for assessing disease severity and extent and may be used as the definite diagnostic tool.

Conclusion
Specific radiological changes of reduced thickness of tympanic bone described here are key to diagnosis. This presentation emphasizes the novel radiological feature in the diagnosis of external auditory canal cholesteatoma.
Till Tech Do Us Part: Betrayal Aversion and Its Role in Algorithm Use
Authors: Kormylo Cameron , Adjerid Idris , Ball Sheryl , Dogan Can 
Published: February 2025

Failing to follow expert advice can have real and dangerous consequences. While any number of factors may lead a decision maker to refuse expert advice, the proliferation of algorithmic experts has further complicated the issue. One potential mechanism that restricts the acceptance of expert advice is betrayal aversion, or the strong dislike for the violation of trust norms. This study explores whether the introduction of expert algorithms in place of human experts can attenuate betrayal aversion and lead to higher overall rates of seeking expert advice. In other words, we ask: are decision makers averse to algorithmic betrayal? The answer to this question is uncertain ex ante. We answer this question through an experimental financial market where there is an identical risk of betrayal from either a human or algorithmic financial advisor. We find that the willingness to delegate to human experts is significantly reduced by betrayal aversion, while no betrayal aversion is exhibited toward algorithmic experts. The impact of betrayal aversion toward financial advisors is considerable: the resulting unwillingness to take the advice of the human expert leads to a 20% decrease in subsequent earnings, while no loss in earnings is observed in the algorithmic expert condition. This study has significant implications for firms, policymakers, and consumers, specifically in the financial services industry. This paper has been This paper was accepted by D. J. Wu for the Special Issue on the Human-Algorithm Connection. Funding: This work was supported by National Science Foundation [Grant 1541105]. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03510 .
Intractable subdural effusion after decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury: A case report
Authors: Lin Ming-Jian 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Traumatic subdural effusion is a common complication of traumatic brain injury, especially after decompressive craniectomy (DC). For neurosurgeons, early diagnosis and timely treatment are particularly important, which can help improve patient prognosis and enhance quality of life.
CASE SUMMARY
A 47 year old male underwent DC for traumatic brain herniation. After surgery, he developed stubborn subdural effusion (SDE) on the contralateral side and underwent multiple subdural drilling and drainage surgeries, but only temporarily improved the patient’s symptoms. After the final cranioplasty, the contralateral SDE completely disappeared. The patient did not experience any new contralateral neurological dysfunction, and the Glasgow prognostic score was 11 points (E4V1M6).
CONCLUSION
For neurosurgeons, accurate assessment of the condition is necessary when treating patients with stubborn SDE after DC surgery, and timely cranioplasty can be performed to avoid multiple surgeries. This is a safe and effective surgical method for treating traumatic subdural effusion.