bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the intention of nutrition label use among selected adults in the Philippines
Authors: Sy D , Bullecer E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Having an unhealthy diet is a risk-factor in the development of non-communicable diseases. Through the provision of sufficient nutrition information, nutrition labeling is one of the recommendations to increase awareness and promote healthy diets. However, there is still limited research in the Philippines that can be utilized in improving nutrition label use. With the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the study model, this study aimed to determine attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control on nutrition label, and if the three constructs are associated with the intention of nutrition label use among adults in selected communities.

Methods
This analytic cross-sectional study conducted face-to-face interview using a developed questionnaire, among 440 adults (18 to 59 years old) in the top four communities with highest population in Los Baňos, Laguna, selected through a two-stage sampling design. Data were encoded using MS Excel and analyzed using STATA.

Results
The prevalence of positive attitude was 89.32% (95% CI: 86.06 - 91.89) and 96.82% (95% CI: 94.69 - 98.11) had high degree of subjective norms. With regards to perceived behavioral control, 61.36% (95% CI: 56.71 - 65.82) found nutrition labels as easy to understand, and 94.09% (95% CI: 91.45 - 95.95) had high intention of using it. Then, using multiple logistic regression, only having a perceived behavioral control on nutrition label of being easy to understand (OR 3.33; 95% CI: 1.47-7.54) was found to be associated with having high intention of nutrition label use.

Conclusions
Information and education on nutrition labels should be strengthened to improve the perceived understanding of the participants which showed significant association with having high intention of nutrition label use. Nonetheless, promotions are important to maintain positive attitude and subjective norms toward nutrition label use. The study also generated data that can serve as reference for future studies.

Key messages
Among the three constructs of TPB, only having perceived behavioral control on nutrition label of being easy to understand was found to be associated with having high intention of nutrition label use. Improving the nutrition label understanding of the study participants is significant in having high intention of nutrition label use.
An international lens on food: evaluating barriers to accessing culturally appropriate foods
Authors: Gnanapragasam J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Phase one of this study explored how international students' cultural upbringing combined with knowledge of Canadian food landscapes impacted what they eat. The second phase was to develop and pilot programs and supports to help alleviate barriers uncovered in the research.

Methods
This research was structured as a community needs assessment, where data was collected by conducting semi-structured interviews, surveys and focus groups with newcomer students from various countries.

Results
Students prefer maintaining their ethnic dietary patterns. Barriers fell into four categories: planning meals, shopping, cooking and consumption. Social support was most effective in reducing barriers for students. In phase two, the major finding was that the most enjoyable aspect of the programming was socialization and making friends not developing food literacy.

Conclusions
Food is much more than a nutritious substance for international populations, it is an expression of identity, an anchor to community and family and can help with the adjustment process of immigration. As such communities with high international populations should invest time and resources into creating events where international populations can celebrate their food preferences. Replicating ethnic diets in a foreign country is a form of cultural sustainability and is highly valued among international populations. Lack of access to culturally relevant foods, lack of knowledge and lack of food literacy all contributed to creating barriers. Hence, programming that can address these barriers will allow international populations to eat healthier, which allows them to have better health outcomes overall. Creating programming that allows students to express their food identify and experiment with new foods together leads to student empowerment and social support. Social support was seen as the most salient protective factor in international students being able to overcome barriers to eating healthy.

Key messages
For international populations food is more than a nutritious substance; it identifies them and aids in their adjustment when immigrating. When we create social spaces where individuals are empowered to explore their connection to food we are engaging in cultural sustainability and creating social cohesion in our universities.
Nutritional “hot topics” in studies published as SR/MA in cancer prevention between 2010 and 2018
Authors: Storman D , Bala M M , Koperny M , Zajac J , Tobola P , Swierz M , Staskiewicz W , Gorecka M , Skuza A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The number of systematic reviews and meta analysis (SR/MA) is increasing, also in the field of nutrition.

Objectives
The aim of this work was to analyse the frequency of exploring the effects of specific nutritional interventions in studies published as SR/MA focused on cancer prevention.

Methods
The main study was a systematic survey of SR/MA on nutrition in cancer prevention published between 2010 and 2018 identified through search in 3 databases. The protocol of the study was registered (CRD42019121116 in PROSPERO). All steps of the survey were done by two reviewers independently with any conflicts resolved by discussion or by the third reviewer. The quality and risk of bias were assessed using AMSTAR 2 and ROBIS tools amid subsample of 101 SR/MA. We grouped all dietetic interventions by year and analysed frequency.

Results
Among 737 SR/MA meeting the inclusion criteria, an average number of publications was 83/year ranging from 38 (in 2010) to 118 (in 2015). The most commonly studied food categories were: non-alcoholic beverages (127 publications in total; on average 14/year) and vitamins and/or minerals (157 publications in total; on average 17/ year) with coffee as one of the most popular (on average 7 SR/MA per year). The most commonly analysed vitamins were vitamin D, C, and E, while amid minerals calcium and selenium. Red meat and processed meat were comparably popular with about 4 dedicated publications every year. SR/MA about fruits and vegetables and alcohol appeared on average about 8 times every year. The overall quality of SR/MA assessed in a subsample of randomly selected 101 of included articles was poor (97% were classified as having a low quality).

Conclusions
In SR/MA published between 2010 and 2018, each food category appears many times, while for example coffee - many times every year. Detailed analysis per food item may help identify potential research waste in the field of nutrition in cancer prevention.

Key messages
Currently, coffee is the ‘hottest’ nutritional topic in cancer prevention. The general quality of SR/MA published in the field of cancer prevention is low.
Improving Pupils' Health & Wellbeing: Team around the School Pilot and Evaluation
Authors: Brown M , Goulding A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Permanent school exclusion in Gateshead doubled from 2014 - 2017. A Behaviour Conference was held in July 2017 to formulate an action plan to curb this trend, including piloting 'Team around the School' (TAS). TAS is a local network of services, meeting on a regular basis to have shared conversations about pupils where early help may prevent escalation. Resources from several agencies are pooled to provide support for families, focusing on solutions and encouraging resilience.

Aim
To prevent future complex crisis interventions, reduce a 'refer on' culture, and align Early Help with school improvement.

Methods
The pilot ran at one Gateshead secondary school from January 2018 to July 2018. There were 17 TAS meetings during the pilot period. Four families, three referrers, six pupils and two managers were interviewed from 16th July - 3rd August 2018. Structured surveys, interviews and administrative data were used to determine effectiveness.

Results
Professionals viewed the programme as 'successful', however, there were some logistical issues, including gaining consent, capacity (physical rooms, funding and staffing) and integrating wider services into the programme. Pupils found the experience helpful and improved their overall health and wellbeing, at home and in school. Some saw dramatic improvements in attendance, presentation, attitude and behaviour, along with a more stable home life. Referrers were happy with the process and outcomes, finding TAS to be helpful in early intervention, with quick turnarounds. Families felt empowered, with improved communication and positive outcomes. Three plans were made, and three cases stepped up to Early Help. Four cases closed after reduction in risk. Two children moved schools.

Conclusions
TAS appears to successfully provide early support and intervention, reducing the risk of escalation, while also providing families with increased autonomy.

Key messages
A pupil's health and wellbeing is closely linked with their home life and life in school. Close agency working can improve a pupil's outcome in school and overall health and wellbeing.
A review of social determinants of health for dashboard development for SDG 3.4 for sub-Sahara Africa
Authors: Adjanor O , Johnson J , Wuenstel W , Jamu S , Gabitiri L , Smith A , Greenhill R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
All sustainable developmental goals (SDGs) require implementing sustainable strategies and monitoring to track progress. But what is known of sub-Sahara Africa (SSA)'s efforts in following this stride to reduce by 30% mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) through prevention (SDG 3.4), by considering the effect of social determinants of health (SODHs) on type 2 diabetes increasing prevalence?

Methods
Our search produced 2005 unique articles. Only 10 studies were used in the analysis of this study. These studies include 1 from Botswana, 2 from Ghana, 2 from Kenya, 3 from Nigeria and 2 from South Africa. The findings were evaluated in a greater extent.

Results
All studies (100%) showed non-adherence to exercise and poor glycemic control. 7 studies (70%) on education revealed lack of knowledge or misconceptions, 5 studies (50%) with obesity showed a strong linkage between obesity and type 2 diabetes, and 4 studies (40%) on diet, showed diets high in carbohydrates, saturated fats, and sodium predisposition to type 2 diabetes. All studies (100%) linked urbanization with an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions
Changes in SODHs seem to be contributing to the growing prevalence of diabetes in SSA. These changes with other key data should be considered and tailored to policy processes, environment, infrastructures, and norms for prevention strategies and informing dashboard development for SDG 3.4.

Key messages
Social determinants of health must reflect in relevant causal pathways, settings, and sectors for preventive intervention such as in taxation; regulation of food advertising, school, and healthcare. Analysis of the effect of the changing social determinants of health on type 2 diabetes, will assist in establishing indicators for the dashboard development for SDG 3.4 for sub-Sahara Africa.
Spatial distribution of gambling: two indexes in support of the reduction of health inequalities
Authors: Papineau E , Robitaille E , Prisca Samba C , Lemétayer F , Kestens Y , Raynault M-F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Many studies have showed that disadvantaged areas residents have greater access to gambling sites and are more affected by gambling. Our research proposes an innovative method to characterize gambling environments in Quebec and addresses social inequality with respect to gambling exposure.

Methods
This cross-sectional ecological study was carried out in 3 stages: a Gambling Exposure Index (GEI) was built and is composed of 3 dimensions: spatial accessibility to gambling sites, density of gambling places, and relative risk associated with the types of game. The two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method was used to combine these dimensions into an overall GEI index. Data was retrieved from a geocoded directory of gambling sites and commercial databases. The relative risk of games is expressed by prevalence rates for those specific games in a Quebec population prevalence survey. A Vulnerability to Gambling Index (VGI) was produced based on 6 socio-economic proxies of problem gambling from the 2016 Canadian census, which were weighted and aggregated at the dissemination area (DA) level. Spatial and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between VGI and GEI, and to identify highly exposed and vulnerable areas.

Results
Our analyzes reveal significant associations between the GEI and the VGI in 2 599 out of 13 420 Quebec DAs (p &lt; 0.05). Sectors with a high GEI show an average distance to the closest gambling sites of 2.8 km compared with 13.5 km for more advantaged sectors.

Conclusions
The interactive online mapping of the two indexes and statistical analysis of the results are beneficial to the professionals working in several fields such as risk monitoring, management of zoning, licensing and gambling distribution, prevention and treatment services. The method and the associated tools can be adapted to address the problem of increased accessibility to other unhealthy products in vulnerable neighborhoods.

Key messages
Two innovative ecological indexes show that increased accessibility to gambling correlates with a higher vulnerability to gambling in many Quebec regions. The online interactive map on gambling exposure and vulnerability provides reliable criteria to municipal, regional and governmental bodies for a safer distribution of gambling offer.
Difficulties in getting to sleep, late bedtime and sleep duration among adolescents in Latvia
Authors: Klavina-Makrecka S , Villerusa A , Gobina I , Pudule I , Velika B , Grinberga D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Sleep is important for adolescent general wellbeing and different sleep domains like difficulties in getting to sleep, bedtime resistance and sleep duration can be studied. This study investigates the prevalence of weekly difficulties in getting to sleep in association with bedtime and sleep duration on schooldays and weekends among adolescents in Latvia.

Methods
Data from the HBSC Survey 2017/2018 of Latvia with 4412 respondents aged 11, 13 and 15 years were used for statistical analysis. Sleep duration less than 7h was classified as insufficient and bedtime at 0:00 or later as delayed bedtime. Age-adjusted logistic regression and adolescents without weekly difficulties in getting to sleep as a reference was used for studying the associations.

Results
On average, 43.6% of adolescents (38.0% boys and 49.1% girls) reported weekly difficulties in getting to sleep. Of those, 26.5% reported sleep duration &lt;7h on schooldays but 5.6% on weekends. On average, difficulties in getting to sleep was associated with the increased odds of insufficient sleep duration on schooldays (OR = 2.16; 95%CI 1.84-2.54) and weekends (OR = 1.66; 95%CI 1.23-2.24), with higher odds in girls than boys. Delayed bedtime was significantly more prevalent among adolescents with sleep difficulties than for those without (33.7% vs 20.6%). The sleep duration &lt;7h was more prevalent among those adolescents having sleep difficulties and delayed bedtime than in those with sleep difficulties and bedtime before 0:00, both on schooldays (72.1% vs 3.2%) and weekends (7.9% vs 0%).

Conclusions
Difficulties in getting to sleep among adolescents are highly prevalent and increases the odds of insufficient sleep duration, especially in girls. Delayed bedtime seems to modify the association between the difficulties in getting to sleep and sleep duration.

Key messages
Adolescents with difficulties in getting to sleep are at risk of delayed bedtimes and insufficient sleep duration. Further studies to explore the underlying mechanisms linking difficulties in getting to sleep and delayed bedtime are required.
Medical education in Brazil: public health as a didactic-pedagogical structure
Authors: Ribeiro Bizuti M , Eneida de Almeida M , Roberto Barbato P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Medical education in Brazil has a Flexnerian structure whose guidelines were instituted in the Americas in the early twentieth century, which led the academic to settle in the office and in the hospital with a focus on the biological processes of the health-disease process. However, since the 1970s, increasing social inequality in Brazil has led to marked poverty with a lack of access to basic health care for most of the Brazilian population. The 1988 Federal Constitution treats health as a democratic process where the social issue is fundamental to the development of the nation. The Italian health movement, guided by social studies by Giovanni Berlinguer, inspired the Brazilian Health Reform Movement. In this regard, the hospital-centered view began to be questioned. Wide critical-reflexive movements were being built in society and in the academy, looking for improvements in the population's quality of life. Issues related to promotion, treatment and prevention, both in medical training and in management and assistance, were gradually being incorporated into medical education. But it was in the national medical education change project that the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN), launched in 2014, culminated. The medical course at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Chapecó campus (UFFS-Ch), in the state of Santa Catarina, was created in 2015, fully complies with the new guidelines and is supported by the Public Health. This orientation is guided by the political, economic and social development of the Country within a civilizing process that is based on the social and environmental determinants of health, with respect to the relations of society in its history and in its territory. In this way, medical training at UFFS has a vision of the health-disease process that transcends the individual and addresses the community, with a proposal to transform society based on democracy and social justice.

Key messages
To present a counterpoint between the Brazilian Health Reform and its inspiring one, an Italian, in the search to overcome social inequality, through a civilizing process based on Democracy and Health. To present a medical course based on the transformation of medical education with a structure in Public Health in order to provide a reduction in social inequality in Brazil.
The EU’s global health policy in times of Covid-19: challenges and prospects
Authors: Bergner S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Covid-19 crisis has laid bare weaknesses in the capacity of the European Union (EU) to act as a global health player. Most of those challenges have existed prior to the pandemic and are linked to a limited implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) - the global agenda acknowledging interconnections between different policy fields. Despite the EU's commitment to implement the Agenda 2030 in its internal and external policies, there is a lack of visibility and sufficient reference to the SDGs on a strategic level as well as in the EU's actions and partnerships in global health. The Union has shown during the Covid-19 pandemic that it is a relevant global health actor; however, there seems to be a lack of strategic visions and resources.
The poster aims to illustrate on the one hand the weaknesses and challenges of the EU global health policies in times of Covid-19 and beyond. On the other hand, it identifies advantages of the EU in the field of global health and explores future pathways. Applying a mixed-method approach I did a review of academic and grey literature; content analysis of official EU documents and statements, expert interviews and gathered insights from events such as policy dialogues.
Preliminary results indicate that the EU has a strong focus on infectious disease control in its external health policies and hereby neglects the health system dimension and interlinkages with other foreign policies such as trade. Covid-19 has highlighted the importance of resilient health systems in a crisis and the interlinkages between different policies for an effective response. To pursue a genuine health-in-all-policies approach prioritising health system strengthening within a updated strategic roadmap is necessary. Moreover, efforts to ensure an equitable distribution of vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics should be pushed through the development and implementation of respective criteria.

Key messages
The focus of the EU in global health should shift from a narrow health security lens towards health system strengthening including disease control. The EU should prioritize and implement the health-in-all-policies approach in its global health policies through an ambitious roadmap.
Trend of deaths from external causes in Campinas, Brazil (2000-2017): Joint Point Regression Analysis
Authors: Roa Caicedo M , Cordeiro R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Deaths from external causes are caused by events or acute exposure to physical, chemicals agents or radiation; also due to the lack of essential agents for survival or injuries caused by oneself or others. The preventable nature of deaths from external causes has been pointed out mainly because there are related to violence.

Objective
To describe the trend and characteristics of mortality from external causes in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil from 2000 to 2017.

Methods
Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Information sources: The death mortality certificates from the Municipal Health Secretariat's Information System included in the chapter XX of the CID-10. Data analysis: External causes were divided into five groups: transportation, falls, suicides, homicides and others. The Standardized Mortality Coefficient (SMC) per 100,000 inhabitants was calculated taking as a reference the populations of the 2000 and 2010 censuses, stratified by age group and sex. The trend analysis for homicide was performed using a joinpoint regression model.

Results
In Campinas during the studied period occurred 12,175 deaths from external causes (80.4% male, 19.6% female). The most important causes of mortality for men were homicides (50%) and traffic accidents (27%) and for women it was falls (35%), traffic accidents (24%) and homicides (22 %). The SMC trend towards homicides shows a decrease in male events and stability in women homicides. It is noteworthy the lack of change in the trend of the female coefficient, regarding the male SMP, we identify three significant changes in the trend.

Conclusions
The decrease in the number of deaths from external causes in Campinas is principally due to the decrease in homicides in male population. The SMP was able to analyze deaths adjusted to the characteristics of the population, being an important tool for the analysis of deaths from external causes.

Key messages
In Campinas deaths from external causes are important causes of mortality. The Standardized Mortality Coefficient and joint point regression method are useful tools for the analysis of deaths from external causes.