bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telemetry and genetics reveal asymmetric dispersal of a lake‐feeding salmonid between inflow and outflow spawning streams at a microgeographic scale
Authors: Finlay Ross , Poole Russell , Coughlan Jamie , Phillips Karl P. , Prodöhl Paulo , Cotter Deirdre , McGinnity Philip , Reed Thomas E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe degree of natal philopatry relative to natal dispersal in animal populations has important demographic and genetic consequences and often varies substantially within species. In salmonid fishes, lakes have been shown to have a strong influence on dispersal and gene flow within catchments; for example, populations spawning in inflow streams are often reproductively isolated and genetically distinct from those spawning in relatively distant outflow streams. Less is known, however, regarding the level of philopatry and genetic differentiation occurring at microgeographic scales, for example, where inflow and outflow streams are separated by very small expanses of lake habitat. Here, we investigated the interplay between genetic differentiation and fine‐scale spawning movements of brown trout between their lake‐feeding habitat and two spawning streams (one inflow, one outflow, separated by <100 m of lake habitat). Most (69.2%) of the lake‐tagged trout subsequently detected during the spawning period were recorded in just one of the two streams, consistent with natal fidelity, while the remainder were detected in both streams, creating an opportunity for these individuals to spawn in both natal and non‐natal streams. The latter behavior was supported by genetic sibship analysis, which revealed several half‐sibling dyads containing one individual that was sampled as a fry in the outflow and another that was sampled as fry in the inflow. Genetic clustering analyses in conjunction with telemetry data suggested that asymmetrical dispersal patterns were occurring, with natal fidelity being more common among individuals originating from the outflow than the inflow stream. This was corroborated by Bayesian analysis of gene flow, which indicated significantly higher rates of gene flow from the inflow into the outflow than vice versa. Collectively, these results reveal how a combination of telemetry and genetics can identify distinct reproductive behaviors and associated asymmetries in natal dispersal that produce subtle, but nonetheless biologically relevant, population structuring at microgeographic scales.
Flea sharing among sympatric rodent hosts: implications for potential plague effects on a threatened sciurid
Authors: Goldberg Amanda R. , Conway Courtney J. , Biggins Dean E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFor vector‐borne diseases, the abundance and competency of different vector species and their host preferences will impact the transfer of pathogens among hosts. Sylvatic plague is a lethal disease caused by the primarily flea‐borne bacterium Yersinia pestis. Sylvatic plague was introduced into the western United States in the early 1900s and impacts many species of rodents. Plague may be suppressing populations of the threatened northern Idaho ground squirrel (Urocitellus brunneus) if a competent flea community is allowing plague to be maintained within the few extant sites that support this rare ground squirrel. We collected fleas from four species of sympatric rodents in central Idaho: northern Idaho ground squirrels, Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus), yellow‐pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus), and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). We evaluated which flea species were present and whether fleas were shared among the rodent community. We documented seven species of fleas among 3356 fleas collected from the four host species of rodents, and all seven species of fleas are known vectors of plague. Three of the seven flea species were detected on all four rodent species, demonstrating potential for spillover of plague (bridge vectors) in the rodent community. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate which abiotic and biotic factors influence flea abundance (total number of fleas, regardless of flea species, on each individual host of the four rodent host species). Factors that impacted flea abundance varied among the four host species, but flea abundance: (1) changed over summer depending on host species, (2) was greater on males, and (3) was impacted by summer and winter precipitation depending on host species. Our results suggest this diverse flea community has the capacity to transfer Y. pestis among populations of the four rodents if Y. pestis is present. Furthermore, the disease may be more likely to persist in some locations than others, those that have higher flea abundances, more sympatric hosts, or optimal conditions for fleas, and such high‐risk sites can be identified based on their abiotic and biotic factors.
Critical Review of Read-Across Potential in Testing for Endocrine-Related Effects in Vertebrate Ecological Receptors
Authors: McArdle Margaret E. , Freeman Elaine L. , Staveley Jane P. , Ortego Lisa S. , Coady Katherine K. , Weltje Lennart , Weyers Arnd , Wheeler James R. , Bone Audrey J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recent regulatory testing programs have been designed to evaluate whether a chemical has the potential to interact with the endocrine system and could cause adverse effects. Some endocrine pathways are highly conserved among vertebrates, providing a potential to extrapolate data generated for one vertebrate taxonomic group to others (i.e., biological read-across). To assess the potential for biological read-across, we reviewed tools and approaches that support species extrapolation for fish, amphibians, birds, and reptiles. For each of the estrogen, androgen, thyroid, and steroidogenesis (EATS) pathways, we considered the pathway conservation across species and the responses of endocrine-sensitive endpoints. The available data show a high degree of confidence in the conservation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal axis between fish and mammals and the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis between amphibians and mammals. Comparatively, there is less empirical evidence for the conservation of other EATS pathways between other taxonomic groups, but this may be due to limited data. Although more information on sensitive pathways and endpoints would be useful, current developments in the use of molecular target sequencing similarity tools and thoughtful application of the adverse outcome pathway concept show promise for further advancement of read-across approaches for testing EATS pathways in vertebrate ecological receptors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:739–753. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Circulating mucosal‐associated invariant T cells in subjects with recurrent urinary tract infections are functionally impaired
Authors: Terpstra Matty L. , Remmerswaal Ester B. M. , van Aalderen Michiel C. , Wever Joyce J. , Sinnige Marjan J. , van der Bom‐Baylon Nelly D. , Bemelman Frederike J. , Geerlings Suzanne E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundUrinary tract infection recurrence is common, particularly in women and immunocompromised patients, such as renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play a role in the antibacterial response by recognizing bacterial riboflavin metabolites produced by bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Here, we investigated whether MAIT cells are involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs).MethodsUsing multichannel flow cytometry, we characterized the MAIT cell phenotype and function in blood from immunocompetent adults with (n = 13) and without RUTIs (n = 10) and in RTRs with (n = 9) and without RUTIs (n = 10).ResultsThere were no differences in the numbers of MAIT cells between the study groups. MAIT cells in patients with RUTI expressed T‐bet more often than those in controls. MAIT cells from immunocompetent RUTI participants required more antigen‐presenting cells coincubated with E. coli to evoke a similar cytokine and degranulation response than those from controls. This effect was absent in the RTR with RUTI vs RTR control groups, where the overall percentage of MAIT cells that responded to stimulation was already reduced.ConclusionCirculating MAIT cells in immunocompetent individuals with RUTIs respond to bacterial stimuli with reduced efficacy, which suggests that they are involved in the pathogenesis of RUTIs.
Myostatin inhibition in combination with antisense oligonucleotide therapy improves outcomes in spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Zhou Haiyan , Meng Jinhong , Malerba Alberto , Catapano Francesco , Sintusek Palittiya , Jarmin Susan , Feng Lucy , Lu‐Nguyen Ngoc , Sun Lianwen , Mariot Virginie , Dumonceaux Julie , Morgan Jennifer E. , Gissen Paul , Dickson George , Muntoni Francesco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by genetic defects in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene that lead to SMN deficiency. Different SMN‐restoring therapies substantially prolong survival and function in transgenic mice of SMA. However, these therapies do not entirely prevent muscle atrophy and restore function completely. To further improve the outcome, we explored the potential of a combinatorial therapy by modulating SMN production and muscle‐enhancing approach as a novel therapeutic strategy for SMA.MethodsThe experiments were performed in a mouse model of severe SMA. A previously reported 25‐mer morpholino antisense oligomer PMO25 was used to restore SMN expression. The adeno‐associated virus‐mediated expression of myostatin propeptide was used to block the myostatin pathway. Newborn SMA mice were treated with a single subcutaneous injection of 40 μg/g (therapeutic dose) or 10 μg/g (low‐dose) PMO25 on its own or together with systemic delivery of a single dose of adeno‐associated virus‐mediated expression of myostatin propeptide. The multiple effects of myostatin inhibition on survival, skeletal muscle phenotype, motor function, neuromuscular junction maturation, and proprioceptive afferences were evaluated.ResultsWe show that myostatin inhibition acts synergistically with SMN‐restoring antisense therapy in SMA mice treated with the higher therapeutic dose PMO25 (40 μg/g), by increasing not only body weight (21% increase in male mice at Day 40), muscle mass (38% increase), and fibre size (35% increase in tibialis anterior muscle in 3 month female SMA mice), but also motor function and physical performance as measured in hanging wire test (two‐fold increase in time score) and treadmill exercise test (two‐fold increase in running distance). In SMA mice treated with low‐dose PMO25 (10 μg/g), the early application of myostatin inhibition prolongs survival (40% increase), improves neuromuscular junction maturation (50% increase) and innervation (30% increase), and increases both the size of sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (60% increase) and the preservation of proprioceptive synapses in the spinal cord (30% increase).ConclusionsThese data suggest that myostatin inhibition, in addition to the well‐known effect on muscle mass, can also positively influence the sensory neural circuits that may enhance motor neurons function. While the availability of the antisense drug Spinraza for SMA and other SMN‐enhancing therapies has provided unprecedented improvement in SMA patients, there are still unmet needs in these patients. Our study provides further rationale for considering myostatin inhibitors as a therapeutic intervention in SMA patients, in combination with SMN‐restoring drugs.
Co‐Occurrence and Occupancy of Mourning Doves and Eurasian Collared‐Doves
Authors: Green Adam W. , Sofaer Helen R. , Otis David L. , Van Lanen Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how land cover and potential competition with invasive species shape patterns of occupancy, extirpation, and colonization of native species across a landscape can help target management for declining native populations. Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) populations have declined throughout the United States from 1965–2015. The expansion of the Eurasian collared‐dove (Streptopelia decaocto), an introduced species with similar food preferences, may further threaten mourning dove populations. We analyzed data from 2009–2016 from a large‐scale monitoring program in the Western Great Plains of the United States in a 2‐species occupancy model to assess the effects of collared‐doves on mourning dove distributions, while accounting for imperfect detection and variation in land cover across the landscape. Mourning dove occupancy was stable or increasing across our study area, and despite overlap in resource use and co‐occurrence between mourning doves and Eurasian collared‐doves, we found no evidence that collared‐doves are extirpating mourning doves from preferred habitat during the breeding season. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Hydrosoluble Graphene/Polyvinyl Alcohol Membranous Composites with Negative Permittivity Behavior
Authors: Sun Kai , Wang Zongxiang , Xin Jiahao , Wang Zhongyang , Xie Peitao , Fan Guohua , Murugadoss Vignesh , Fan Runhua , Fan Jincheng , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, a hydrosoluble matrix is used for the first time to prepare flexible membranous composites, in order to improve their environmental friendliness and simplify the processing. Modified graphene (GR) sheets are distributed in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution to achieve flexible GR/PVA metacomposites. As graphene content increases, an interconnected graphene network is eventually formed among the PVA matrix, and the resulting composites present a conductor‐like behavior. Interestingly, the Drude‐like negative permittivity is obtained in the composites with 20 wt% graphene, which is ascribed to the plasma oscillation. Meanwhile, the absolute values of negative permittivity decrease by several orders of magnitude due to the moderate electron density of graphene. It is demonstrated that the negative permittivity is dependent on the inductive character. This work provides a novel and versatile approach based on water‐soluble matrices to prepare flexible membranous metacomposites, which can be applied in wearable cloaking, thin‐film capacitors, and flexible and stretchable devices.
A broadband and excellent flatness power amplifier with novel‐designed band‐pass filter based on composite right/left‐handed unit cell
Authors: Luo Yonglun , Wang Zhicheng , Lei Ruya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a broadband and excellent flatness power amplifier (PA) with a novel‐designed band‐pass filter based on composite right/left‐handed (CRLH) unit cell structure is proposed. On studying the structure of CRLH unit cell, a way to enhance PA bandwidth, gain flatness, and power‐added efficiency (PAE) flatness is explored. The novel‐designed CRLH unit cell structure is studied and applied in PA design. The measurements show that the PA has an output power of greater than 40 dBm, a gain flatness of 0.5 dB, and a PAE flatness of 4.4% within 1.7‐3.1 GHz bandwidth.
An intergranular strain concept for material models formulated as rate equations
Authors: Bode Manuel , Fellin Wolfgang , Mašín David , Medicus Gertraud , Ostermann Alexander 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe intergranular strain concept was originally developed to capture the small‐strain behaviour of the soil with hypoplastic models. A change of the deformation direction leads to an increase of the material stiffness. To obtain elastic behaviour for smallstrains, only the elastic part of the material stiffness matrix is used. Two different approaches for an application of this concept to nonhypoplastic models are presented in this article. These approaches differ in the determination of the elastic stress response, which is used for reversible deformations. The first approach determines an elastic response from the original material model, and the second one uses an additional elastic model. Both approaches are applied on barodesy. The simulations are compared with experimental results and with simulations using hypoplastic models with the original intergranular strain concept.
Examining Heterogeneity of Outcomes in a Weight Gain Prevention Program for Young Adults
Authors: Wing Rena R. , Russell Gregory B. , Tate Deborah F. , Espeland Mark A. , LaRose Jessica Gokee , Gorin Amy A. , Lewis Cora E. , Jelalian Elissa , Perdue Letitia H. , Bahnson Judy , Polzien Kristen , Ferguson Robichaud Erica ,   for the Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) Research Group
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize young adults who experienced significant weight gains (> 10%) over 3 years in a weight gain prevention program.MethodsSecondary data analysis from the Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP), a randomized trial comparing two self‐regulation interventions and a control arm in young adults (18‐35 years; BMI 21‐30.9 kg/m2), was used. Large Gainers (≥ 10% of their body weight; n = 48), Small Gainers (2.6%‐9.9%; n = 149), and Weight Stable participants (± 2.5%; n = 143) were compared on dimensions affecting weight gain.ResultsDifferences in weight gain among the three groups were significant by year 1 and subsequently increased. Those who became Large Gainers were heavier at baseline and further below their highest weight, and they reported more weight cycling than Weight Stable, with Small Gainers intermediate. Neither study arm nor pregnancy explained weight change differences among the three groups. Large Gainers reported more depressive symptoms than Weight Stable at years 1 and 2. Large Gainers were less likely to weigh themselves at least weekly at 4 months, before differences in weight gain emerged, and at years 1 and 2.ConclusionsLarge Gainers (representing almost 10% of participants) could be identified early by greater weight issues at baseline and lower use of weight gain prevention strategies.
Maternal Adiposity is Associated with Fat Mass Accretion in Female but not Male Offspring During the First 2 Years of Life
Authors: Heard‐Lipsmeyer Melissa E. , Diaz Eva C. , Sims Clark R. , Sobik Sarah R. , Ruebel Meghan L. , Thakali Keshari M. , Krukowski Rebecca A. , Cleves Mario , Børsheim Elisabet , Shankar Kartik , Andres Aline 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThis study investigated which antenatal and postnatal factors determine offspring adiposity during the first 2 years of life.MethodsParticipants were mother and child pairs (N = 224). Offspring percent fat mass (%FM) was obtained using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance at 11 time points between ages 0.5 and 24 months. Independent variables included race, age, gestational weight gain, first‐trimester %FM, delivery mode, gestational measures of resting energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio, physical activity, serum cytokines and lipids, and dietary intake for the mothers, as well as sex, birth weight and length, breastfeeding duration, and physical activity at age 2 years for the children. Linear mixed models were used to construct the best‐fitted models for the entire cohort and for each sex.ResultsMaternal %FM (P = 0.006), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) (P < 0.001), and breastfeeding duration (P = 0.023) were positively associated with female offspring adiposity, whereas maternal dietary fiber intake (P = 0.016) had a negative association. Birth weight (P = 0.004), maternal HDL (P = 0.013), and breastfeeding duration (P = 0.015) were all positively associated with male offspring adiposity.ConclusionsAntenatal and postnatal factors differentially impact male and female offspring adiposity during the first 2 years of life.
Ring‐opening copolymerization of epoxycyclohexane and phthalic anhydride catalyzed by the asymmetric Salen‐CrCl complex
Authors: Shi Dapeng , Li Limei , Wen Yuqing , Yang Qiusheng , Duan Zhongyu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new metallic chromium complex with asymmetric salen ligand and ancillary chloride group (complex 1) has been synthesized and applied as co‐catalytic system with bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride (PPNCl) for the polymerization of epoxycyclohexane (CHO) and phthalic anhydride (PA). The catalyst loading, polymerization temperature, reaction time and type of co‐catalyst were varied in order to explore the influences on the catalytic activity of 1. It was found that 1 exhibited relatively good activity in the catalytic copolymerization of PA and CHO to form the product with more than 90% ester linkage content under mild conditions after the addition of the PPNCl co‐catalyst. This was in sharp contrast to the dinuclear [ONSO]CrCl analogue, where the resulting polymer with more than 97% ether units was achieved under identical conditions. According to the kinetic data, the apparent activation energy of CHO ring‐opening copolymerization was 9.0 kJ mol−1. A reasonable polymerization mechanism was proposed based on the interaction between the single‐metal two‐component catalyst system and the monomer. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
31P NMR spectroscopic analysis on photooxidation of 1,n‐bis(diphenylphosphino)alkanes with the aid of DFT calculations
Authors: Yasui Shinro , Yamazaki Shoko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe chloroform‐d solution of diphosphine, 1,n‐bis(diphenylphosphino)alkane (Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2; n = 1‐6), was photolyzed with light from a xenon lamp in air. The progress of the reaction was followed by 31P NMR spectroscopy. The observed spectral change showed that the diphosphine is initially oxidized to diphosphine monoxide, Ph2P(═O)(CH2)nPPh2, which is further oxidized to diphosphine dioxide, Ph2P(═O)(CH2)nP(═O)Ph2. The oxidation of the diphosphine to the diphosphine monoxide took place according to first‐order kinetics with respect to the concentration of the diphosphine, the first‐order rate constant, kobs, being larger with increasing number of the methylene units in the spacer. The observation in kinetics is interpreted based on the conformation of the diphosphine radical cation intermediate initially generated by electron transfer from the photoexcited diphosphine to oxygen. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict that the diphosphine radical cation takes “folded” conformation where two phosphorus atoms are arranged closely to each other. The “folded” conformer of the diphosphine radical cation results from electrostatic interaction of these two phosphorus atoms. This conformer explains the observed dependency of kobs on the length of the spacer in the diphosphine.