bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reveal® Salmonella Enteritidis Test for Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in Shell Eggs and Environmental Samples
Authors: Jagadeesan Balamurugan , Curry Stephanie , Foti Debra , Peterson Lauren , Wilson Rebecca , Mozola Mark 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Reveal®Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is a lateral flow-based immunodiagnostic assay used for rapid detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis from pooled shell eggs and environmental samples. This assay uses highly specific antibodies to accurately detect S. Enteritidis. Studies were conducted to compare the performance of this test against reference procedures for detection of S. Enteritidis from both pooled shell eggs and environmental samples. Pooled shell eggs were inoculated with low levels of S. Enteritidis and were enriched according to the procedure prescribed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Uninoculated samples were included in each trial. Reveal SE exhibited 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in comparison to the reference method in all trials. An abbreviated 48 h/(no hold) enrichment procedure was also developed and validated for detection of S. Enteritidis from pooled shell egg samples. This shortened enrichment procedure can be used in conjunction with the Reveal SE test and offers a significant enrichment time savings of 96 h. Chi-square analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between the abbreviated Reveal method and the reference procedure for detection of S. Enteritidis from pooled shell egg samples. Out of 245 natural drag swabs screened internally, only three samples tested Reveal SE positive and were confirmed by the reference procedure, resulting in 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. An external laboratory screened 147 poultry house environmental samples and obtained 35 Reveal SE confirmed positives for Reveal SE sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 90%. Inoculation trials with drag swabs resulted in 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Thus, these data demonstrate that Reveal SE is a highly sensitive and specific assay for the detection of S. Enteritidis from both pooled shell eggs and environmental samples.
Determination of Vitamin B12 in Fortified Bovine Milk- Based Infant Formula Powder, Fortified Soya-Based Infant Formula Powder, Vitamin Premix, and Dietary Supplements by Surface Plasmon Resonance: Collaborative Study
Authors: Vyas Pathik , O'kane Anthony A ,   Collaborators:, Ager E , Crooks S , Elliott C , Eriksson S , Fraser R , Hallstrom M , Hayes J , Indyk H , Jozwiak S , Kong K , McMahon A , Meneely J , Ming W W , Mitchell B , Sullivan D , Thompson C , Vuyani M , Vyas S , Wilson P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted on an inhibition-based protein-binding assay using the Biacore Q™ biosensor instrument and the Biacore Qﬂex™ Kit Vitamin B12 PI. The samples studied included infant formula, cereals, premixes, vitamin tablets, dietary supplements, and baby food. The collaborative study, which involved 11 laboratories, demonstrated that the assay showed an RSDr of 1.59–27.8 and HorRat values for reproducibility of 0.34–1.89 in samples with levels ranging from ppm to ppb. The assay studied is a label-free protein binding-based assay that uses the principle of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to measure the interaction between vitamin B12 and a specifc binding protein. A Biacore Q biosensor uses this principle to detect binding directly at the surface of a sensor chip with a hydrophilic gold-dextran surface. The instrument passes a mixture of prepared sample extract and binding protein solution across a covalently immobilized vitamin B12 chip surface, and the response is given as free-binding protein as the mixture binds to the immobilized surface. This technique uses the specifcity and robustness of the protein-ligand interaction to allow minimal sample preparation and a wide range of matrixes to be analyzed rapidly. The reagents and accessories needed to perform this assay are provided as the ready-to-use format “Qﬂex Kit Vitamin B12 PI.” The method is intended for routine use in the quantitative determination of vitamin B12 (as cyanocobalamin) in a wide range of food products, dietary vitamin supplements, and multivitamin premixes.
Simultaneous Determination of Chromium, Selenium, and Molybdenum in Nutritional Products by Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry: Single-Laboratory Validation
Authors: Pacquette Lawrence H , Szabo Andre , Thompson Joseph T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An inductively coupled plasma/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Cr, Se, and Mo in infant formulas and other nutritional products. All samples were digested using a closed vessel microwave oven system, together with Ni and Te internal standards. The practical quantitation limits for Cr, Se, and Mo were 0.4, 0.2, and 0.4 ng/mL, respectively; dilution factors were 250 for powders and 50 for liquids. The Cr, Se, and Mo concentrations in 10 nutritional products were within specifcation limits, and within-day and day-to-day (6 independent days) precision values were &lt;5% RSD. For two control samples, the observed precision was ≤2% RSD over 10 independent days. In three National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference materials, Cr, Se, and Mo results were within the certifed limits. The average sample spike recoveries for 10 nutritional products ranged from 93 to 107%. Robustness studies showed a minimal effect from concomitant easily ionized element concentrations. However, the choice of internal standard and matrix matching carbon content were critical to obtaining accurate Se results. All indications are that this method would be a suitable candidate as a global reference method for the determination of these trace elements in nutritional products.
High-Throughput GC/MS and HPLC/MS/MS Techniques for the Multiclass, Multiresidue Determination of 653 Pesticides and Chemical Pollutants in Tea
Authors: Pang Guo-Fang , Fan Chun-Lin , Zhang Feng , Li Yan , Chang Qiao-Ying , Cao Yan-Zhong , Liu Yong-Ming , Li Zeng-Yin , Wang Qun-Jie , Hu Xue-Yan , Liang Ping 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An effcient and sensitive method has been established for simultaneous determination of 653 pesticides in teas by GC/MS and HPLC/MS/MS. The method involved extraction with acetonitrile followed by cleanup using Cleanert-TPT SPE and subsequent identifcation and quantitation of 490 pesticides by GC/MS and 448 pesticides by HPLC/MS/MS. The LODs for pesticides determined by GC/MS were between 1.0 and 500 µg/kg, and those determined by HPLC/MS/MS were between 0.03 and 4820 µg/kg. At the low fortifcation levels of 0.01–100 µg/kg, the average recoveries of 94% of the pesticides determined by GC/MS were between 60 and 120%, 77% of which had an RSD below 20%. For 91% of pesticides determined by HPLC/MS/MS, the average recoveries were between 60 and 120%, 76% of which had an RSD below 20%. The paper also reports a novel SPE column, Cleanert TPT, which comprised graphitized carbon black (PestiCarb), polyamine silica, and amide polystyrene for purifying the tea samples. The results indicated good repeatiblity and reproducibility.
Discrimination Among Panax Species Using Spectral Fingerprinting
Authors: Chen Pei , Luthriau Devanand , Harringtonohio Peter de B , Harnly James M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Spectral fingerprints of samples of three Panax species (P. quinquefolius L., P. ginseng, and P. notoginseng) were acquired using UV, near-infrared (NIR), and MS. With principal component analysis, all three methods allowed visual discrimination among the three species. All three methods were able to discriminate between white and red ginseng, and showed distinctive subgroupings of red ginseng related to root quality (age/size). Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the relative variance arising from the species, run, and analytical uncertainty, and was used to identify the most information-rich portions of the spectrum for NIR and UV. Accurate classification of the three species was obtained by using partial least squares-discriminant analysis and a fuzzy rule-building expert system. Relatively poor accuracy was obtained using soft independent modeling of class analogy when a single component was used.
Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Cheese, Yogurt, and Dairy Beverages
Authors: Iha Maria Helena , Barbosa Cynara Baltazar , Favaro Rosa Maria Duarte , Trucksess Mary W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop and validate a method to determine aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in cheese, yogurt, and dairy beverages. The method consisted of aqueous methanol extraction, immunoaffinity column purification and isolation, RPLC separation, and fluorescence detection. The four types of cheese samples were classified according to moisture and fat content. The mean recoveries were 71% for cheese at spiked levels from 100 to 517 ng/kg, and 76% for yogurt and dairy beverages spiked at levels from 66 to 260 ng/kg. The mean RSDs were 5.9% for cheese, and 10% for yogurt and dairy beverages. The LOD was 3 ng/kg and the LOQ was 10 ng/kg for all test commodities. To test the applicability of the developed method, a small survey of the presence of AFM1 in cheese, yogurt, and dairy beverages purchased in Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, was conducted. AFM1 was detected (&gt;3 ng/kg) in all samples. Twenty cheese samples (83%) were contaminated with AFM1 in the range of 13–304 ng/kg. In yogurt and dairy beverages, the contamination was lower (13–22 ng/kg) in five samples (42%). The results indicated that the method is adequate for the determination of AFM1 in these four types of cheese, as well as in yogurt and dairy beverages.
Evaluation of the Metabolic Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on the Development of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics
Authors: Cao Yu-Yao , Peng Li-Li , Jiang Li , Thakur Kiran , Hu Fei , Tang Shun-Ming , Wei Zhao-Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a highly poisonous gas with an unpleasant smell of rotten eggs. Previous studies of H2S have primarily focused on its effects on mammalian nervous and respiratory systems. In this study, silkworm developmental parameters and changes in metabolites in response to H2S exposure were investigated using a hemolymph metabolomic approach, based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The developmental parameters, body weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and cocoon shell ratio, were noticeably increased following H2S exposure, with the greatest effects observed at 7.5-μM H2S. Metabolites upregulated under H2S exposure (7.5 μM) were related to inflammation, and included (6Z, 9Z, 12Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, choline phosphate, and malic acid, while hexadecanoic acid was downregulated. Identified metabolites were involved in biological processes, including pyrimidine, purine, and fatty acid metabolism, which are likely to affect silk gland function. These results demonstrate that H2S is beneficial to silkworm development and alters metabolic pathways related to spinning function and inflammation. The present study provides new information regarding the potential functions of H2S in insects and metabolic pathways related to this phenomenon.
Parent Responses to Their Child's Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Measures
Authors: Harrison Lauren E , Timmers Inge , Heathcote Lauren C , Fisher Emma , Tanna Vivek , Duarte Silva Bans Tom , Simons Laura E 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveParent responses can have a major impact on their child’s pain. The purpose of this systematic review is to (a) identify and describe measures assessing pain-related cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses in parents of children with chronic pain and (b) meta-analyze reported correlations between parent constructs and child outcomes (i.e., pain intensity, functional disability, and school functioning). Prospero protocol registration ID: CRD42019125496.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of studies including a measure of parent/caregiver responses to their child’s chronic pain. Study characteristics and correlations between parent measures and child outcomes were extracted. Data were summarized and meta-analyzed.ResultsSeventy-nine met inclusion criteria using 18 different measures of cognitive/affective (n = 3), behavioral (n = 5), and multidimensional responses (n = 10). Measures were used a median of three times (range 1–48), predominantly completed by mothers (88%), and primarily in mixed pain samples. Psychometrics of measures were generally adequate. Meta-analyses were based on 42 papers across five measures. Results showed that each of the cognitive, affective, and behavioral parent constructs we examined was significantly associated with pain-related functional disability. A small number of measures assessing parent cognitions and affective functioning were associated with higher child pain intensity; however, the majority were not.ConclusionFindings demonstrate that there is a wealth of measures available, with adequate reliability overall but a lack of psychometrics on temporal stability. Synthesizing data across studies revealed small effects between parent responses and child functioning, and even smaller and/or absent effects on child pain intensity.
Diabetes-Specific Self-Compassion: A New Measure for Parents of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Tanenbaum Molly L , Adams Rebecca N , Wong Jessie J , Hood Korey K 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveGiven the high daily demands of managing type 1 diabetes (T1D), parents of youth with T1D can experience high levels of emotional distress, burden, and self-criticism, with implications for parent and child well-being and parent self-efficacy for managing diabetes. Diabetes-specific self-compassion (SC), or being kind to oneself when facing challenges related to managing diabetes, may serve as protective for parents. This study aimed to create and assess the psychometric properties of a new tool, the diabetes-specific Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-Dp), to assess diabetes-specific SC in parents of youth with T1D.MethodsWe adapted a parent diabetes-specific SC measure; surveyed parents (N = 198; parent: 88% female; 95% non-Hispanic White; M age = 44 ± 8.9; child: 46% female; M age = 13 ± 3.4, range 2–18 years; 83% insulin pump users; 40% continuous glucose monitor (CGM) users; HbA1c from clinic data available for 76 participants: M HbA1c = 8.1 ± 1.3%) and conducted confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability and construct validity analyses. Validity measures included diabetes distress, diabetes empowerment, diabetes numeracy, and HbA1c.ResultsA bifactor structure provided the best fit, with one general factor and two wording-related group factors (positively and negatively worded items). The final 19-item SCS-Dp demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α =.94; range of item-total correlations: .52–.81) and good construct validity. As predicted, greater SC was associated with lower distress (r = −.68, p &lt; .001) and greater empowerment (r = .43, p &lt; .001) and was not associated with diabetes numeracy (p = .61). Diabetes-specific Self-Compassion Scale was not associated with HbA1c (p = .28).ConclusionsResults provide initial evidence of good reliability and validity of the SCS-Dp to assess diabetes-specific SC in parents.
Internal herniation of the caecum and the ascending colon through the foramen of Winslow
Authors: Azer Mina , Lira-Schuldes Alejandro-Daniel , Volkers Hans-Uwe 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We are reporting a case of internal herniation of the bowel through the foramen of Winslow. This is a very rare condition that prompts an urgent operative intervention due to its potential fatal complications, as it is usually accompanied by bowel strangulation and ischemia. Due to the vague clinical picture, the diagnosis only reached using imaging techniques such as computed tomography or as a surgical surprise during the operation. Key aspects of surgical interventions are hernia reduction, bowel resection in case of non-viable ischemic bowel and the highly debatable recurrence prevention maneouvres.
RAP2.3 negatively regulates nitric oxide biosynthesis and related responses through a rheostat-like mechanism in Arabidopsis
Authors: León José , Costa-Broseta Álvaro , Castillo Mari Cruz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is sensed through a mechanism involving the degradation of group-VII ERF transcription factors (ERFVIIs) that is mediated by the N-degron pathway. However, the mechanisms regulating NO homeostasis and downstream responses remain mostly unknown. To explore the role of ERFVIIs in regulating NO production and signaling, genome-wide transcriptome analyses were performed on single and multiple erfvii mutants of Arabidopsis following exposure to NO. Transgenic plants overexpressing degradable or non-degradable versions of RAP2.3, one of the five ERFVIIs, were also examined. Enhanced RAP2.3 expression attenuated the changes in the transcriptome upon exposure to NO, and thereby acted as a brake for NO-triggered responses that included the activation of jasmonate and ABA signaling. The expression of non-degradable RAP2.3 attenuated NO biosynthesis in shoots but not in roots, and released the NO-triggered inhibition of hypocotyl and root elongation. In the guard cells of stomata, the control of NO accumulation depended on PRT6-triggered degradation of RAP2.3 more than on RAP2.3 levels. RAP2.3 therefore seemed to work as a molecular rheostat controlling NO homeostasis and signaling. Its function as a brake for NO signaling was released upon NO-triggered PRT6-mediated degradation, thus allowing the inhibition of growth, and the potentiation of jasmonate- and ABA-related signaling.
How does bark contribution to postural control change during tree ontogeny? A study of six Amazonian tree species
Authors: Lehnebach Romain , Alméras Tancrède , Clair Bruno 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recent works revealed that bark is able to produce mechanical stress to control the orientation of young tilted stems. Here we report how the potential performance of this function changes with stem size in six Amazonian species with contrasted bark anatomy. The potential performance of the mechanism depends both on the magnitude of bark stress and the relative thickness of the bark. We measured bark longitudinal residual strain and density, and the allometric relationship between bark thickness and stem radius over a gradient of tree sizes. Constant tensile stress was found in species that rely on bark for the control of stem orientation in young stages. Other species had increasing compressive stress, associated with increasing density attributed to the development of sclereids. Compressive stress was also associated with low relative bark thickness. The relative thickness of bark decreased with size in all species, suggesting that a reorientation mechanism based on bark progressively performs less well as the tree grows. However, greater relative thickness was observed in species with more tensile stress, thereby evidencing that this reduction in performance is mitigated in species that rely on bark for reorientation.
Thermal instability of halo gas heated by streaming cosmic rays
Authors: Kempski Philipp , Quataert Eliot 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Heating of virialized gas by streaming cosmic rays (CRs) may be energetically important in galaxy haloes, groups, and clusters. We present a linear thermal stability analysis of plasmas heated by streaming CRs. We separately treat equilibria with and without background gradients, and with and without gravity. We include both CR streaming and diffusion along the magnetic-field direction. Thermal stability depends strongly on the ratio of CR pressure to gas pressure, which determines whether modes are isobaric or isochoric. Modes with $\boldsymbol {k \cdot B }\ne 0$ are strongly affected by CR diffusion. When the streaming time is shorter than the CR diffusion time, thermally unstable modes (with $\boldsymbol {k \cdot B }\ne 0$) are waves propagating at a speed ∝ the Alfvén speed. Halo gas in photoionization equilibrium is thermally stable independent of CR pressure, while gas in collisional ionization equilibrium is unstable for physically realistic parameters. In gravitationally stratified plasmas, the oscillation frequency of thermally overstable modes can be higher in the presence of CR streaming than the buoyancy/free-fall frequency. This may modify the critical tcool/tff at which multiphase gas is present. The criterion for convective instability of a stratified, CR-heated medium can be written in the familiar Schwarzschild form dseff/dz &lt; 0, where seff is an effective entropy involving the gas and CR pressures. We discuss the implications of our results for the thermal evolution and multiphase structure of galaxy haloes, groups, and clusters.
A detailed study on the reflection component for the black hole candidate MAXI J1836−194
Authors: Dong Yanting , García Javier A , Liu Zhu , Zhao Xueshan , Zheng Xueying , Gou Lijun 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed spectral analysis of the black hole candidate MAXI J1836−194. The source was caught in the intermediate state during its 2011 outburst by Suzaku and RXTE. We jointly fit the X-ray data from these two missions using the relxill model to study the reflection component, and a steep inner emissivity profile indicating a compact corona as the primary source is required in order to achieve a good fit. In addition, a reflection model with a lamp-post configuration (relxilllp), which is normally invoked to explain the steep emissivity profile, gives a worse fit and is excluded at 99 per cent confidence level compared to relxill. We also explore the effect of the ionization gradient on the emissivity profile by fitting the data with two relativistic reflection components, and it is found that the inner emissivity flattens. These results may indicate that the ionization state of the disc is not constant. All the models above require a supersolar iron abundance higher than ∼4.5. However, we find that the high-density version of reflionx can describe the same spectra even with solar iron abundance well. A moderate rotating black hole (a* = 0.84–0.94) is consistently obtained by our models, which is in agreement with previously reported values.
A 5° × 5° deep H i survey of the M81 group − II. H i distribution and kinematics of IC 2574 and HIJASS J1021+68
Authors: Sorgho A , Chemin L , Kam Z S , Foster T , Carignan C 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTWe analyse the eastern region of a 5° × 5° deep H i survey of the M81 group containing the dwarf galaxy IC 2574 and the H i complex HIJASS J1021+68, located between the dwarf and the M81 system. The data show that IC 2574 has an extended H i envelope that connects to HIJASS J1021+68 in the form of a collection of small clouds, but no evident connection has been found between IC 2574 and the central members of the M81 group. We argue, based on the morphology of the clouds forming HIJASS J1021+68 and its velocity distribution, that the complex is not a dark galaxy as previously suggested, but is instead a complex of clouds either stripped from, or falling on to the primordial H i envelope of IC 2574. We also use the deep H i observations to map the extended H i envelope around IC 2574 and, using a 3D tilted-ring model, we derive the rotation curve of the galaxy to a larger extent than has been done before. Combining the obtained rotation curve to higher resolution curves from the literature, we constrain the galaxy’s dark matter halo parameters.