bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic disparities in non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia and the transition to type 2 diabetes: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Chatzi G. , Mason T. , Chandola T. , Whittaker W. , Howarth E. , Cotterill S. , Ravindrarajah R. , McManus E. , Sutton M. , Bower P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo explore whether there are social inequalities in non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH) and in transitions to type 2 diabetes mellitus and NDH low‐risk status in England.MethodsSome 9143 men and women aged over 50 years were analysed from waves 2, 4, 6 and 8 (2004–2016) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Participants were categorized as: NDH ‘low‐risk’ [HbA1c < 42 mmol/mol (< 6.0%)], NDH [HbA1c 42–47 mmol/mol (6.0–6.4%)] and type 2 diabetes [HbA1c > 47 mmol/mol (> 6.4%)]. Logistic regression models estimated the association between sociodemographic characteristics and NDH, and the transitions from NDH to diagnosed or undiagnosed type 2 diabetes and low‐risk status in future waves.ResultsNDH was more prevalent in older participants, those reporting a disability, those living in deprived areas and in more disadvantaged social classes. Older participants with NDH were less likely to progress to undiagnosed type 2 diabetes [odds ratio (OR) 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08, 0.96]. NDH individuals with limiting long‐standing illness (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.16, 2.53), who were economically inactive (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.02, 2.51) or from disadvantaged social classes (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.02, 2.61) were more likely to progress to type 2 diabetes. Socially disadvantaged individuals were less likely (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41, 0.98) to progress to NDH low‐risk status.ConclusionsThere were socio‐economic differences in NDH prevalence, transition to type 2 diabetes and transition to NDH low‐risk status. Disparities in transitions included the greater likelihood of disadvantaged social groups with NDH developing type 2 diabetes and greater likelihood of advantaged social groups with NDH becoming low‐risk. These socio‐economic differences should be taken into account when targeting prevention initiatives.
Embryogenesis of the damselfly Euphaea yayeyamana Oguma (Insecta: Odonata: Euphaeidae), with special reference to the formation of their larval abdominal “gill‐like” appendages
Authors: Suzuki Kohei , Watanabe Yoko , Tojo Koji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe acquisition of wings in insects is the most significant subject in considering the diversification and adaptive radiation of insects, that is, the “macro‐evolution” of insects. In the discussion of the origin of insect wings, Palaeoptera has attracted particular attention in phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. In particular, Ephemeroptera have segmental gill‐structures on their abdominal segments during their nymphal stage, and these have been noted in discussions regarding their homology and/or serial homology between wings, gills and appendages. Although Odonata has received little attention in the course of these discussions, there are cases of segmental gill‐like structures on their abdomen in the two families, Euphaeidae and Polythoridae. Under such cirumstances, in this study, the embryological developmental process in Euphaea yayeyamana of Euphaeidae was observed, focusing on the formation process of the gill‐like structures. As a result, it was revealed that four of the seven pairs of gill‐like projection structures started their visible formation within the middle stages of embryonic development, and the remaining three pairs developed during the early stages of post‐embryogenesis. Some joint‐like structures existed in all of the gill‐like projections. It was revealed that muscle tissue was interposed within these protrusions and that all of the projections themselves fully articulated, and that the nervous system was extended into the protrusions. All of the gill‐like projections strongly suggested their homology with the cephalic and thoracic appendages, when we considered them with regard to their serial homology based on the topology of their formation position.
Prevalence and psychopathologic significance of hallucinations in individuals with a history of seizures
Authors: Yates Kathryn , Lång Ulla , DeVylder Jordan , Clarke Mary , McNicholas Fiona , Cannon Mary , Oh Hans , Kelleher Ian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveA relationship between seizure activity and hallucinations is well established. The psychopathologic significance of hallucinations in individuals with seizures, however, is unclear. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of auditory and visual hallucinations in individuals who reported a seizure history and investigated their relationship with a number of mental disorders, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts.MethodsData were from the “Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey,” a population‐based cross‐sectional survey. Auditory and visual hallucinations were assessed using the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire. Mental health disorders were assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule. Logistic regressions assessed relationships between hallucinatory experiences and mental disorders, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts.ResultsA total of 14 812 adults (58% female; mean [standard error of the mean; SEM] age 51.8 [0.15]) completed the study; 1.39% reported having ever had seizures (54% female), and 8% of individuals with a seizure history reported hallucinatory experiences (odds ratio [OR] 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24‐3.38). Individuals with seizures had an increased odds of having any mental disorder (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.73‐3.16), suicidal ideation (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.77‐3.20), and suicide attempt (OR 4.15, 95% CI 2.91‐5.92). Compared to individuals with seizures who did not report hallucinatory experiences, individuals with seizures who reported hallucinatory experiences had an increased odds of any mental disorder (OR 3.47, 95% CI 1.14‐10.56), suicidal ideation (OR 2.58, 95% CI 0.87‐7.63), and suicide attempt (OR 4.61, 95% CI 1.56‐13.65). Overall, more than half of individuals with a seizure history who reported hallucinatory experiences had at least one suicide attempt. Adjusting for psychopathology severity did not account for the relationship between hallucinatory experiences and suicide attempts.SignificanceHallucinatory experiences in individuals with seizures are markers of high risk for mental health disorders and suicidal behavior. There is a particularly strong relationship between hallucinations and suicide attempts in individuals with seizures. Clinicians working with individuals with seizures should routinely ask about hallucinatory experiences.
Serum response factor increases renal cell carcinoma migration and invasion through promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Zhao Long , Li Chenyu , Jiang Wei , Luan Hong , Zhao Jun , Zhang Jiaxin , Xu Yan 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the regulation and function of serum response factor in epithelial–mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma.MethodsFirst, bioinformatics analysis of human renal cell carcinoma tissues was carried out. Then, the expression of serum response factor, mesenchymal markers (N‐cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin) and epithelial markers (zonula occludens‐1 and epithelial cadherin) was examined in 786‐O cells (a human renal cell carcinoma cell line). Serum response factor was overexpressed with pcDNA‐serum response factor plasmid, and suppressed by CCG‐1423 (a small molecule inhibitor of serum response factor) to study how serum response factor affects epithelial–mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma. A xenograft nude mouse model was established to explore whether serum response factor affected the tumorigenic ability of renal cell carcinoma cells.ResultsSerum response factor interacted with several important differentially expressed genes in renal cell carcinoma. In 786‐O cells, serum response factor, N‐cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin were upregulated, whereas zonula occludens‐1 and epithelial cadherin were downregulated. Serum response factor upregulation in 786‐O cells increased the Snail expression. Serum response factor suppression reduced Snail induction, and migration and invasion in renal cell carcinoma, which decreased the xenograft tumor volume.ConclusionsSerum response factor is a critical transcription factor in human renal cell carcinoma. Increased serum response factor activity induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion in 786‐O cells, and facilitates the progression of renal cell carcinoma. Targeting serum response factor with CCG‐1423 might be an attractive therapeutic strategy for renal cell carcinoma.
Darfuri Journeys to Europe: Causes, Risks and Humanitarian Abandonment
Authors: Jaspars Susanne , Buchanan‐Smith Margie , Adam Abdul‐Jalil Musa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDarfuris were amongst the thousands of migrants and refugees arriving in Europe in 2014, thus becoming part of Europe’s so‐called “refugee crisis”. Rather than creating a crisis in Europe, however, their flight reflects a new phase in Darfur’s humanitarian crisis and a new trend in Darfuri migration. This article examines the historical, political and humanitarian dimension of migration to Europe and the risks that Darfuris face at each stage of their journey. It argues that migration to Europe was a result of ongoing conflict and violence but that existing policies made this invisible. In addition, Darfuri journeys to Europe reveal fundamental new challenges to humanitarianism. These include migration and asylum policies that risk complicity with refugee‐producing regimes and that create humanitarian crises in Libya and Europe. Darfuris, as some of the poorest refugees coming to Europe, are amongst the most vulnerable. The article examines policy failures, their effects and the implications for humanitarianism.
The Wellness Clinic: A retrospective Quasi‐experimental, longitudinal study of physical health support in an Australian mental health service setting
Authors: Stanley Susanne H. , Ferguson Lucia , Harrison Lauren , Martin Lisa , Velayudhan Ajay 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe poor physical health of patients with severe/chronic mental illness is now well‐known, yet little has been done to address the issue. Adverse medication effects, lifestyle, and social factors can all contribute to high morbidity and mortality rates when compared to the general population. To arrest poor physical health, a Wellness Clinic within a mental health hospital was developed to provide continuity of care when patients were discharged from the hospital. A retrospective, within‐subjects, quasi‐experimental, longitudinal time‐series study was conducted analysing the demographics and physical health parameters of 57 patients who remained with the service over a four and a half year time period. Assessments were taken at baseline, 12, 24, and 36 months for each individual. Despite increasing levels of psychotropic and other health medication over time, physical health parameters were generally held stable for most measures across the four time periods. HDL‐C levels were significantly improved between baseline and 36 months. This stability over time suggests that ongoing assessment, monitoring, and treatment is necessary to arrest the downward trajectory of poor physical health in mental health and opens the door for future research to invest in interventions to run alongside the Wellness Clinic and improve patient physical health.
The prevalence and health status of people with developmental disabilities in provincial prisons in Ontario, Canada: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Whittingham Lisa , Durbin Anna , Lin Elizabeth , Matheson Flora I. , Volpe Tiziana , Dastoori Parisa , Calzavara Andrew , Lunsky Yona , Kouyoumdjian Fiona 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundData on the prevalence of developmental disabilities in people who experience imprisonment and on their characteristics are lacking.MethodsThe present authors identified adults with developmental disabilities who were released from Ontario provincial prisons in 2010 and a general population comparator group using administrative data. The present authors examined demographic characteristics, morbidity and healthcare use.ResultsThe prevalence of developmental disabilities was 2.2% in the prison group (N = 52,302) and 0.7% in the general population (N = 10,466,847). The prevalence of psychotic illness, substance‐related disorder and self‐harm was higher among people in the prison group with developmental disabilities. People with developmental disabilities were more likely to have emergency department visits and hospitalizations in prison and in the year after release.ConclusionsPeople with developmental disabilities are overrepresented in provincial prisons and have a high burden of disease. Strategies are indicated to prevent incarceration and to improve health.
Coronary sinus and great cardiac vein electroanatomic mapping predicts the activation delay of the coronary sinus branches
Authors: Maines Massimiliano , Peruzza Francesco , Zorzi Alessandro , Moggio Paolo , Angheben Carlo , Catanzariti Domenico , Coletti Marco , Pangrazzi Cesarino , Del Greco Maurizio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundImplantation of left ventricular (LV) lead in segments with delayed electrical activation may improve response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The search for the latest LV electrical delay (LVED) site can be time‐consuming.ObjectiveTo assess if electrical mapping of coronary sinus (CS) and magna cardiac vein can help to identify the latest activated CS branch.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 48 consecutive patients who underwent electroanatomic mapping system‐guided (EAMS)‐CRT device implantation with ≥2 mapped CS branches. The activation mapping of the CS and relative branches were performed using an insulated guide wire. LVED was defined as the interval between the beginning of the QRS complex on the surface electrocardiogram and the local electrogram and expressed in milliseconds (ms).ResultsThirty‐two (67%) patients showed left bundle branch block (LBBB) and 16 (33%) non‐LBBB electrocardiographic patterns. A total of 116 CS branches (mean, 2.4/patient; range, 2‐5) were mapped. In the left oblique view, most patients (N = 39, 81%) showed the latest CS‐LVED in lateral segments while nine (19%) showed the latest CS‐LVED in anterior or posterior segments. Specifically, 94% of patients with LBBB showed the latest CS‐LVED in lateral segments while CS activation among non‐LBBB patients was heterogeneous. In all patients, the CS branch that demonstrated the highest LVED originated from the latest activated segment of the CS.ConclusionElectrical mapping of CS allows identifying the latest activated branches. This finding may contribute to simplify CRT device implantation compared to activation mapping of all the branches.
Deslorelin acetate implant induces transient sterility and behavior changes in male olive baboon (Papio anubis): A case study
Authors: Martinez Guillaume , Lacoste Romain , Dumasy Marie , Garbit Slaveia , Brouillet Sophie , Coutton Charles , Arnoult Christophe , Druelle François , Molina‐Vila Pau 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis case study evaluates the effects of a 4.7 mg deslorelin acetate implant on one male olive baboon (Papio anubis). Implantation induces transient azoospermia after which the subject was able to conceive again. Behavior was also impacted with a decrease in our proxies of aggressiveness and sexual arousal.
Binding affinities of oxytocin, vasopressin and Manning compound at oxytocin and V1a receptors in male Syrian hamster brains
Authors: Taylor Jack H. , McCann Katharine E. , Ross Amy P. , Albers H. Elliott 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), as well as synthetic ligands targeting their receptors (OTR, V1aR), are used in a wide variety of research contexts, although their pharmacological properties are determined in only a few species. Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) have a long history of use as a behavioural and biomedical model for the study of OT and AVP and, more recently, hamsters have been used to investigate behavioural consequences of OT‐mediated activation of V1aR. We aimed to determine the binding affinities of OT, AVP and the selective V1aR antagonist, Manning compound, for OTR and V1aR in hamster brains. We performed saturation binding assays to determine the Kd values for the selective OTR and V1aR radioligands, [125I]ornithine vasotocin analogue and [125I]linear vasopressin antagonist. We then performed competition binding assays to determine Ki values for OT, AVP and Manning compound at both the OTR and V1aR. We found that OT and AVP each had the highest affinity for their canonical receptors (OT‐OTR Ki = 4.28 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.9‐6.3] nmol L−1; AVP‐V1ar Ki = 4.70 [95% CI = 1.5‐14.1] nmol L−1) and had the lowest affinity for their non‐canonical ligands (OT‐V1aR = 495.2 [95% CI = 198.5‐1276] nmol L−1; AVP‐OTR Ki = 36.1 [95% CI = 12.4‐97.0] nmol L−1). Manning compound had the highest affinity for the V1aR (MC‐V1aR Ki = 6.87 [95% CI = 4.0‐11.9] nmol L−1; MC‐OTR Ki = 213.8 [95% CI = 117.3‐392.7] nmol L−1), although Manning compound was not as selective for the V1aR in hamsters as has been reported for the receptor in rats. When comparing these data with previously published work, we found that the promiscuity of the V1aR in hamsters with respect to OT and AVP binding is more similar to the promiscuity of the human V1aR than to the rat V1aR receptor. Moreover, the selectivity of OT at hamster receptors is more similar to the selectivity of OT at human receptors than the selectivity of OT at rat receptors. These data highlight the importance of determining the pharmacological properties of behaviourally relevant compounds in diverse model species.
Prevalence of mucoepidermoid carcinoma among intraoral minor salivary gland tumors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Poletto André Goulart , Mello Fernanda Weber , Melo Gilberto , Rivero Elena Riet Correa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to synthetize and critically appraise available evidence regarding mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) prevalence among intraoral minor salivary gland tumors (MiSGT). Five main electronic databases and three grey literature databases were searched. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Proportion meta‐analyses were performed. From 1321 studies identified, 82 were included in qualitative synthesis and 80 in meta‐analyses. Sixteen were classified as high, 33 as moderate, and 33 as low RoB. A total of 12 774 MiSGT were found, of which overall MEC prevalence was 16.5% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] = 14.8%‐18.4%). Most MiSGT were found in the palate (n = 7115), although MEC pooled prevalence in this anatomic location was only 13.6% (95% CI = 11.7%‐15.6%). The retromolar area presented the highest pooled prevalence (58.9%; 95% CI = 47.0%‐70.3%), followed by gingiva (28.8%; 95% CI = 22.7%‐35.4%) and tongue (27.2%; 95% CI = 21.2%‐33.6%). Regarding geographic location, Middle East presented the highest pooled prevalence (20.8%; 95% CI = 14.8%‐27.6%), followed by America (20.0%, 95% CI = 17.2%‐23%) and Europe (15.6%; 95% CI = 9.2%‐23.5%). Among MiSGT, the MEC overall prevalence was approximately 16.5%. Although most MiSGT were found in the palate, the retromolar area was proportionally more affected by MEC.
Production and evolution pattern of “fruity smell” aggregation pheromones in genus Drosophila
Authors: Zhang Wu‐Fan , Liu Lu‐Mei , He Shan , Lu Bin‐Yan , Luo Yi‐Bo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInsects produce pheromones to serve a range of ecological functions throughout their lifetime. The chemical composition, production pattern, and interspecies specificity provide information for carrying out their function and biological significance. Several species of Drosophila produce a class of volatile esters considered as “fruity smells”; however, the production pattern and ecological functions of these “fruity smell” volatiles in genus Drosophila are poorly understood. Here, using the headspace solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) method, we tested the production pattern of volatile pheromones in Drosophila immigrans and factors that possibly affected pheromone production, including mating, feeding conditions, age of adult flies, and geographical distribution. We also explored the evolution and production pattern of volatile pheromones in 14 species of genus Drosophila. Our result showed that male D. immigrans adult flies produce three male‐specific volatile ester pheromones, which are also considered as “fruity smell” chemicals, in a relatively stable pattern. In addition, a series of “fruity smell” ester pheromones with similar structure and chemical properties were found to appear in the species of D. virilis and D. immigrans species group, but not in the species of D. melanogaster species group. The ester volatile pheromone production of male flies has a correspondence with the female's demand for host plants. Integrating the production and evolution pattern of these volatile chemicals, we inferred the interaction between insects and host plants reflected in the Drosophila “fruity smell” pheromones.
Reconceptualizing the generation in a digital(izing) modernity: digital media, social networking sites, and the flattening of generations
Authors: Au Anson 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs digitalization binds society to an apparently perpetual acceleration, questions about the nature of time and speed have gained new urgency in the social sciences. Yet, theorizations of these issues have neglected their implications for social life and generations. Linking these lacunae, this article articulates how digital media and social networking sites (SNS) shape social life through cultural transformations in the generation. This article rationalizes predominant patterns of SNS user behaviors in the context of social theoretical and philosophical frameworks informed by Mannheim, Simmel, Adorno, Benjamin, Arendt, social presence, action, and acceleration theories to offer a relational reconceptualization of the generation as a set of social relations and processes for visualizing changing conceptions of time and speed in a digital (izing) modernity. This article introduces the concept of general and local generationing processes to articulate the processual nature of the generation and to assert that trends in SNS use and content production are underwritten by grammatical logics that collectively “flatten” separate traditional generations to form a cross‐demographic and cross‐temporal digital generation.