bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Gas Flow Rate on Plasma Parameters Produced by a Plasma Jet and its Spectroscopic Diagnosis Using the OES Technique
Authors: Aadim Kadhim A , Mazhir Sabah N. , Abdalameer Nisreen Kh. , Ali Alyaa H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, the emission spectra of plasma generated from the argon gas in a plasma jet system were measured under normal atmospheric pressure, at constant voltage and for different flow rates from 1–5L/min. The plasma parameters were calculated based on electron density, frequency of plasma, the temperature of an electron, Debye length and the number of particles in the Debye sphere. We employed optical emission spectrometer (OES) technology, which captured the spectrum resulting from the plasma at various flow rates of argon gas. While the flow rate of argon gas to the plasma generated from the discharge current (D.C.) increased, the ranges of the temperature and density of the electron (Te) were 0.075– 0.1eV and 6.15–9.75x1017cm−3, respectively. In contrast, a rise in the intensity of spectral lines was observed.
Synthesis and Hemozoin Inhibitor of Side-Chain Modified Copper-Chloroquine Derivatives
Authors: Al-Refaia R A K , Alkarimi A A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study uses copper (I) as a transition metal to improve the activity of 4-aminoquinoline as an antimalarial agent. This chloroquine derivative was synthesised and tested for in vitro antimalarial activity using a simple colourimetric method compared to the conventional purification method to measure hemozoin formation. This compound has been characterised by the combination of NMR and IR spectroscopic methods. Copper-chloroquine (Cu-CQp) might strongly exhibit antimalarial activity after showing significant inhibition of hemozoin formation compared to commercial chloroquine (CQ). This is possibly due to its lipophilicity, which enhances cell permeation. The highest activity was shown by the Cu-CQp complex in comparison to that of commercial CQ. Cu-CQp complex and CQ were used in a range of concentrations from 10–50 µM.
The synthesis and study of the electrical properties of composites (FeAl2O3) with paraffin wax and the determination of the mechanism of electrical conductivity
Authors: Almaliky Ahmed J H , Hussein Hussein F , Ajeel Khalid I 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThick films of composites of iron–aluminium oxide (FeAl2O3) were prepared by mixing paraffin wax with a powder of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and iron granular (Fe) (600 μm in size). The current–voltage (I-V) characteristic was measured at different temperatures (293– 328 K). The electrical conductivity was also measured at those temperature levels. It was noted that an increase in temperature leads to an increase in electrical conductivity. The activation energies (Ea) were determined to be 0.357–0.125 ev; the electrical conductivity mechanism was identified as the Schottky and Poole–Frenkel effects.
Deep Learning-based Phase Prediction of High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Abdoon Al-Shibaany Zeyad Yousif , Alkhafaji Nadia , Al-Obaidi Yaser , Atiyah Alaa Abdulhasan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) offer a new approach to the design of superior metallic materials, wherein alloys are based on multiple principal elements rather than just one. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), machine learning tools that are efficiently used for prediction purposes, are transforming fields, from speech recognition to computational medicine. In this study, we extend DNN applications to the field phase prediction of high-entropy alloys. Using the built-in capabilities in TensorFlow and Keras, we train DNNs with different layers and numbers of neurons, achieving a 90% prediction accuracy. The DDN prediction model is examined in detail with different datasets to verify model robustness. Due to the high cost of HEAs and in order to save time, it is important to predict phases in order to design alloy composition. Through this study, we show trained DNNs to be a viable tool for predicting the phases of high-entropy alloys, where 90% phase prediction accuracy was achieved in this work.
Preparation and Evaluation of CuO Nanoparticles Using the Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Jabur Adnan S , Ahmed Ali D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nanomaterials have attractive properties. They are employed in different fields of science, such as materials engineering, medicine, the environment and many technological applications. Transition metal oxides, such as CuO, are strong candidates for many scientific applications due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In this research, CuO nanoparticles were prepared using the nonorganic sol-gel technique under controlled conditions. The precursor of the sol-gel process was cupric chloride with NaOH as the stabilising agent. The aqueous solution was altered with two pH values to study their effect on the final precipitate. The prepared CuO nanoparticles were evaluated by XRD, particle size analyser, SEM and visually.
Structural and Magnetic Characterisations of Pb-Doped MgO Nanoparticles by a Modified Pechini Method
Authors: Najem Israa A. , Edrees Shaker J. , Rasin Fadhil Abd 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Doping magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) forms a good material for magnetisation applications. The Room Temperature Ferromagnetic (RTFM) of Pb2+-doped ions MgO-NPs synthesised by a modified Pechini method are discussed in the present paper. The structural, morphological and magnetic properties of the samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).
The XRD results showed that the synthesised materials have a single set of peaks in the XRD patterns, corresponding to the cubic phase of MgO-NPs. As the Pb content increased in the host MgO-NPs leading to an increase in the lattice parameter, the interplanar spacing and the crystallite size; however, the intensity decreased.
Small spherical nanoparticles (22.87–29.05nm) were observed in the Pb2+-doped ions MgO samples by (FE-SEM). The purity of the samples was confirmed using EDS spectroscopy.
The pure MgO and doped samples exhibiting RTFM may be attributed to vacancy defects, which caused local magnetisation. The saturation magnetism (Ms) was found to be varied as a function of doping concentration. The maximum (Ms) was found at x=0.015 of Mg0.985Pb0.015O sample. The obtained results suggest that both Pb doping and oxygen vacancies play an important role in the development of room-temperature ferromagnetism.
The Effect of Boron Addition on The Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Cu-Al-Ni Shape-Memory Alloys Prepared by Powder Technology
Authors: Abid Ali Abdulraheem Kadhim , Dawood Nawal Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Due to their promising mechanical characteristics, copper-based shape-memory alloys (SMAs) are crucial for numerous applications. This research inspects the outcomes of various quantities (0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2% wt) of boron (B) additions on the resistance against corrosion and the microstructure of Cu-Al-Ni SMAs using SEM, EDS, XRD and electrochemical tests in a solution of 3.5% NaCl. Numerous measurement baths were used for aged / unaged Cu-Al-Ni-xB SMAs. The electrochemical tests were performed over several periods to confirm the reliability of the corrosion-resistance property, after which the samples were verified using solutions of 3.5% NaCl. The experimental results demonstrated that adding 1.2% wt B followed by an ageing process resulted in an improvement in the corrosion resistance in Cu-Al-Ni SMAs and a decrease in the corrosion rate by 58%.
Characterisation of Copper-Chrome-Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrical Contact Materials Using Powder Metallurgy Technique
Authors: Hamza Aseel S. , Abid Ali Abdul Raheem K. , Al Shafaie Saad Hameed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Copper-chrome alloys are known as contact material alloys with a premium capability for circuit interruption, endurance and erosion resistance and high voltage in a vacuum interrupter. In this research, the alloy fabricated by powder metallurgy mixed Cu, Cr and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). rGO was prepared by electrochemical exfoliation in H2SO4 at 11.5v, 0.5pH and dried by exposure to sunlight. rGO was incorporated to characterise the properties. Optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive analysis (EDS) and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the identification of phases, morphology, chemical composition and crystal structure orientation of the alloy. Optical microscopy images showed the formation of two distinct areas: a bright area containing Cr-particles and a dark area containing Cu-grains. The XRD patterns exhibited peaks of FCC-Cu, BCC-Cr, Cr2O3 and Cr2C. FESEM revealed the presence of the Cr phase and Cu matrix as well as rGO sheets, while EDS indicated the presence of Cu, Cr, C and O. The Raman peak assessed the degree of rGO disorder in the alloy. The hardest specimen (92 Kg/mm3) was sintered Cu-20%Cr-1%rGO. Electrical resistance exhibited a minimum value of 12.21 µΩ for the sintered Cu-20%Cr-2%rGO alloy and 6.23 µΩ for aged specimens; compressive strength had the highest value (425.235 MPa) for the sintered Cu-20Cr-1.5%rGO alloy.
The Effect of the addition of Ta, Zr and in on the corrosion behaviour of CuAlMn alloys prepared via powder metallurgy
Authors: Ali Duaa Amer , Haleem Ali Hubi , Jamal Al-Deen Haydar H.J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
CuAlMn-X (X= Ta, Zr and In) shape memory alloy was fabricated using the powder metallurgy (PM) technique. After sintering at 950 °C, the products were processed using two heat treatments (solution heat treatment at 900 °C and aging at 500 °C). The influence of Tantalum (Ta), Zirconium (Zr) and Indium (In) with three wt.% on the mechanicals properties (hardness), corrosion behaviour and microstructure of CuAlMn shape memory alloys was investigated in this paper. The effect of the addition of Ta, Zr and In alloys was investigated using X-rays diffraction (XRD), open circuit potential, electrochemical tests (Tafel extrapolation method) and Vickers micro-hardness. For the corrosion tests, a 3.5 % NaCl (chloride solution) was used as corrosion solution. The results showed that there is an increase in hardness with addition of the alloy element (Ta, Zr and In) and decrease in the size of martensite plate form, as shown in the microstructures. Furthermore, it was found that the corrosion resistance of Cu-Al-Mn after the addition improved, as shown by the increase in the corrosion potential and decrease in the corrosion current densities. The improvement percentage for CuAlMnTa, CuAlMnIn and CuAlMnZr in the corrosion rate was 97 %, 91 % and 77 %, respectively.
Oxidation of Biocompatible Graphite–Ti Composite after Laser Ablation in Different Atmospheres
Authors: Ludrovcová B , Šugár P , Sahul M , Kováčik J , Czibor Z 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The field of biocompatible material surfaces is a widely researched topic. Surface energy, surface topography and surface chemistry are important properties of biocompatible surfaces. These properties contribute to better osseointegration and adhesion of cells to implant surfaces. This article investigates the chemical and phase composition of the surface of a new titanium composite produced by powder metallurgy. Surface oxidation of the graphite– titanium metal matrix composite (TiMMC) after laser beam micromachining (LBMM) is discussed in this paper. Laser micromachining was performed in an argon shielding atmosphere and air. The aim was to determine the influence of the shielding atmosphere and the input parameters of LBMM on the presence of oxygen on the surface. Laser-treated surfaces were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The phase composition was analysed with X-ray diffraction (XRD). Experiments confirmed that an argon shielding atmosphere reduces surface oxidation. The oxidation was also affected by the energy of the laser beam acting on the material. The maximum amount of oxygen detected on the surface after LBMM in air and argon was 38.6 wt. % and 24.2 wt. %, respectively. The presence of TiO, TiO2 and Ti2O3 oxides were detected on the surface after laser ablation in air. In contrast, Ti2O3 and TiO oxides were detected after laser ablation in the argon shielding atmosphere.
CyanoPATH: a knowledgebase of genome-scale functional repertoire for toxic cyanobacterial blooms
Authors: Du Wei , Li Gaoyang , Ho Nicholas , Jenkins Landon , Hockaday Drew , Tan Jiankang , Cao Huansheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCyanoPATH is a database that curates and analyzes the common genomic functional repertoire for cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) in eutrophic waters. Based on the literature of empirical studies and genome/protein databases, it summarizes four types of information: common biological functions (pathways) driving CyanoHABs, customized pathway maps, classification of blooming type based on databases and the genomes of cyanobacteria. A total of 19 pathways are reconstructed, which are involved in the utilization of macronutrients (e.g. carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur), micronutrients (e.g. zinc, magnesium, iron, etc.) and other resources (e.g. light and vitamins) and in stress resistance (e.g. lead and copper). These pathways, comprised of both transport and biochemical reactions, are reconstructed with proteins from NCBI and reactions from KEGG and visualized with self-created transport/reaction maps. The pathways are hierarchical and consist of subpathways, protein/enzyme complexes and constituent proteins. New cyanobacterial genomes can be annotated and visualized for these pathways and compared with existing species. This set of genomic functional repertoire is useful in analyzing aquatic metagenomes and metatranscriptomes in CyanoHAB research. Most importantly, it establishes a link between genome and ecology. All these reference proteins, pathways and maps and genomes are free to download at http://www.csbg-jlu.info/CyanoPATH.
ZC3H4—a novel Cys-Cys-Cys-His-type zinc finger protein—is essential for early embryogenesis in mice†
Authors: Su Jianmin , Miao Xiaosu , Archambault Danielle , Mager Jesse , Cui Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Zinc finger domains of the Cys-Cys-Cys-His (CCCH) class are evolutionarily conserved proteins that bind nucleic acids and are involved in various biological processes. Nearly 60 CCCH-type zinc finger proteins have been identified in humans and mice, most have not been functionally characterized. Here, we provide the first in vivo functional characterization of ZC3H4—a novel CCCH-type zinc finger protein. Our results show that although Zc3h4 mutant embryos exhibit normal morphology at E3.5 blastocyst stage, they cannot be recovered at E7.5 early post-gastrulation stage, suggesting implantation failure. Outgrowth assays reveal that mutant blastocysts either fail to hatch from the zona pellucida, or can hatch but do not form a typical inner cell mass colony, the source of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Although there is no change in levels of reactive oxygen species, Zc3h4 mutants display severe DNA breaks and reduced cell proliferation. Analysis of lineage specification reveals that both epiblast and primitive endoderm lineages are compromised with severe reductions in cell number and/or specification in the mutant blastocysts. In summary, these findings demonstrate the essential role of ZC3H4 during early mammalian embryogenesis.
Managing Risk in the Pro-Empowerment Era of Mental Health Care: A Cross-Cultural Study of Social Work Perspectives in Hong Kong and Sydney
Authors: Cui Jialiang , Mao Limin , Newman Christy E , Kwan Chi Kin , Lancaster Kari 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Risk management and empowerment have become key features of social work practice. Despite their increasing salience, relatively little is known about the perspectives of mental health social workers regarding how they navigate competing risk management approaches in modern practice that supports empowerment. The socio-cultural influences on risk management have also received insufficient attention in social work research. Focusing on these issues, this paper explored the perspectives of social workers in two geographically and culturally distinctive settings (i.e., Hong Kong and Sydney). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with frontline social workers and were analysed using thematic analysis. Similar views were expressed by participants in both settings regarding assessment of clients’ readiness for risk-taking. Differences were identified in their practices of negotiating the perspectives of other key stakeholders and can be attributed to the influences of distinctive cultural and socio-political contexts. These insights may contribute to the development of more systematic, localised and practice-based risk assessment guidelines for mental health practitioners working towards the empowerment of clients.
The pathogenesis and diagnosis of sepsis post burn injury
Authors: Zhang Pengju , Zou Bingwen , Liou Yih-Cherng , Huang Canhua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBurn is an under-appreciated trauma that is associated with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. Although the survival rate after devastating burn injuries has continued to increase in previous decades due to medical advances in burn wound care, nutritional and fluid resuscitation and improved infection control practices, there are still large numbers of patients at a high risk of death. One of the most common complications of burn is sepsis, which is defined as “severe organ dysfunction attributed to host's disordered response to infection” and is the primary cause of death in burn patients. Indeed, burn injuries are accompanied by a series of events that lead to sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, such as a hypovolaemic state, immune and inflammatory responses and metabolic changes. Therefore, clear diagnostic criteria and predictive biomarkers are especially important in the prevention and treatment of sepsis and septic shock. In this review, we focus on the pathogenesis of burn wound infection and the post-burn events leading to sepsis. Moreover, the clinical and promising biomarkers of burn sepsis will also be summarized.
Research on Reversible Visible Watermarking Algorithms Based on Vectorization Compression Method
Authors: Qi Wenfa , Guo Sirui , Liu Yuxin , Wang Xiang , Guo Zongming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In current research on reversible visible watermarking algorithm, the original visible watermark image plays an important auxiliary role, and some algorithms also entirely depend on it to restore host image without any distortion. Therefore, in order to realize semi-blind reversible visible watermarking algorithm, the conventional reversible watermarking algorithm is used to embed compressed visible watermark image data into non-visible-watermarked region of host image. However, the amount of compressed image data obtained by conventional image compression algorithm is relatively large. Therefore, a method based on vectorization compression for the visible watermark image is proposed in this paper. Firstly, it performs edge detection on visible watermark image to obtain a discrete points set $\Gamma $ of vector contour curve. Then, the discrete points in $\Gamma $ are simplified by improved Douglas–Peucker algorithm, after that it obtains compressed vector contour data of visible watermark image. In addition, a reversible visible watermarking algorithm based on convolutional relief and image alpha fusion is proposed, which realizes reversible embedding of visible watermark image and lossless restoration of host image. The experimental results show that the proposed vectorization compression method has more advantages than traditional image compression algorithms, which greatly reduces the storage space of visible watermark image with high fidelity. Additionally, the embedded watermarking image has translucent 3D relief effect, and the fusion of host image and visible watermark image becomes more natural and harmonious.
Social Support Buffers Against Cognitive Decline in Single Mild Traumatic Brain Injury With Loss of Consciousness: Results From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Bedard Marc , Taler Vanessa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated rates of cognitive decline at 3-year follow-up from initial examination in people reporting mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with loss of consciousness (LOC) more than a year prior to initial examination. We examined the role of social support as predictor of preserved cognitive function in this sample.

Method
Analyses were conducted on 440 participants who had self-reported LOC of &lt;1 min, 350 with LOC of 1–20 min, and 10,712 healthy controls, taken from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), a nationwide study on health and aging.

Results
People who reported at baseline that they had experienced mTBI with LOC of 1–20 min more than a year prior were 60% more likely to have experienced global cognitive decline than controls at three-year follow-up. Cognitive decline was most apparent on measures of executive functioning. Logistic regression identified increased social support as predictors of relatively preserved cognitive function.

Discussion
mTBI with longer time spent unconscious (i.e., LOC 1–20 min) is associated with greater cognitive decline years after the head injury. Perceived social support, particularly emotional support, may help buffer against this cognitive decline.
Testing Age Differences in the Links Between Recent Financial Difficulties and Cognitive Deficits: Longitudinal Evidence From the PATH Through Life Study
Authors: Kiely Kim M , Anstey Kaarin J , Butterworth Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigates whether the within-person associations between a recent major financial crisis and deficits in cognitive performance vary across the life course.MethodsFour waves of data from 7,442 participants (49% men) spanning 12 years and comprising 3 narrow age birth cohorts (baseline age: 20–25, 40–45, and 60–65) were drawn from a representative prospective survey from Canberra, Australia (1999–2014). Cognitive performance was assessed by the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) immediate recall trails, Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Digit Span Backward (DSB), and Trail Making Test B (TMT-B). A single item from the Threatening Life Experiences Questionnaire assessed self-reported major financial crisis in the past 6 months. Multivariable-adjusted fixed-effect regression models tested the time-dependent association between financial crisis and cognition.ResultsA recent financial crisis coincided with contemporaneous declines in CVLT (mean change = −0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.262 to −0.025), SDMT (mean change = −0.08, 95% CI = −0.147 to −0.004), and TMT-B (mean change = −0.17, 95% CI = −0.293 to −0.039) for adults in the oldest age group, and these associations were larger than in the younger age groups. In contrast, there was an overall association between financial crisis and deficits in DSB (mean change = −0.06, 95% CI = −0.105 to −0.007), with weak evidence of stronger associations in midlife relative to other age groups. These associations were independent of changes in health and socioeconomic circumstances.DiscussionThis study provides important new evidence that financial difficulties in later life are potent stressors associated with occasion-specific deficits in cognitive performance.