bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Consumption Patterns and Sedentary Behaviors Among the University Students: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Akter Mst. Mahfuza , Hossain Md. Jubayer 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundUniversity is a critical period regarding unhealthy changes in eating behaviors in students. University students often face significant changes in their eating habits and physical activity levels, which can impact their overall health.AimsTo investigate the eating habits and sedentary behavior of university students in Dhaka.MethodsThis research was based on a cross‐sectional study. The snowball sampling technique was applied to survey university students in Dhaka city. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection through an online survey. Data collection was done from November 2022 to April 2023. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation (SD), were computed for the variables of interest. Chi‐squared test was performed to estimate the association between the participants' eating habits, sedentary behaviors, and BMI and eating habits. In all analyses, a p‐value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 444 students participated in this study; 44% of them consumed breakfast irregularly. Only 25% of students favored vegetables. About 55% of students preferred junk food. Furthermore, only 19% of students consumed fruits daily. This study also found that a substantial proportion of students used the internet and mobile phones for long periods and didn't practice physical activity. According to the Chi‐squared test, dinner habits (p < 0.001), smoking status (p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (p = 0.014), watching television (p = 0.023), and practicing physical activity (p = 0.023) had a significant association with eating habits and sedentary behaviors amongst the participants.ConclusionsOverall, most participants in this study exhibited commendable dietary patterns, except for meal frequency, fruit intake, consumption of junk food, and fried food. However, their physical activity levels were notably inadequate, largely characterized by a sedentary lifestyle involving substantial internet and mobile phone usage.
Evaluating the Impact of Laundry Detergents on the Skin Microbiome of Atopic Dermatitis Patients—A Clinical Study
Authors: Christou Demetrios , Stevanovic Katarina , Evers Stefan , Weide Mirko , Zuberbier Torsten 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsRemnants of laundry detergent ingredients are suspected to be in constant contact with the skin. Allergy sufferers need assurance that the chemicals in everyday products do not cause such disruption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects and tolerability of common laundry detergents on the skin microbiome in individuals with atopic dermatitis.MethodsTwo laundry detergents for sensitive skin were tested on subjects with atopic dermatitis by having to wear detergent‐washed socks for 7 days. The bacterial population from volunteers’ skin swabs was determined and bacterial viability and biodiversity was evaluated before and after wearing the detergent‐washed socks. The tolerability and effect on atopic dermatitis was also evaluated.ResultsThe results showed that the tested laundry detergents did not have a negative effect on bacterial viability or biodiversity on the skin after being exposed to the detergent‐washed socks for a week. The laundry detergents were rated as very good on the tolerability scale and no worsening of skin itch was reported with the use of either detergent.ConclusionThe results of the study showed that both laundry detergents are skin and allergy friendly and do not alter the skin microbiome.
Association of NOTCH4 and CYP2E1 Genetic Variants With Schizophrenia in the Bangladeshi Population: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Millat Md. Shalahuddin , Roy Joysree , Rahman Md. Atikur , Aziz Md. Abdul , Islam Safiqul , Chowdhury Md. Mazharul Islam , Barek Md Abdul , Hussain Md. Saddam , Uddin Mohammad Sarowar , Siddiqui Shafayet Ahmed , Islam Mohammad Safiqul 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsSchizophrenia (SCZ) is among the most persistent and devastating psychological problems. Different genetic polymorphisms are responsible for the predisposition of SCZ, and we screened NOTCH4 (rs2071287, rs204993) and CYP2E1 (rs2070673) polymorphisms in this study to find the connection with SCZ development.MethodsWe investigated a total of 420 samples (210 patients and 210 controls) and used the PCR–RFLP technique to genotype all SNPs. For statistical analyses, SPSS (version 25.0) was applied.ResultsIn the case of NOTCH4 rs2071287, no evidence of a link was found in any genetic models, whereas NOTCH4 rs204993 and CYP2E1 rs2070673 showed a significant linkage in four genetic models with SCZ risk (for NOTCH4 rs204993, additive model 2: OR = 3.39, CI = 1.84–6.23, p = 0.0001; dominant: OR = 1.84, CI = 1.22–2.76, p = 0.0032; recessive: OR = 2.67, CI = 1.53–4.64, p = 0.0005; allelic: OR = 1.75, CI = 1.32–2.30, p = 0.0001 and for CYP2E1 rs2070673, additive model 2: OR = 0.39, CI = 0.22–0.69, p = 0.0013; recessive: OR = 0.45, CI = 0.29–0.68, p = 0.0002; overdominant: OR = 1.49, CI = 1.02–2.19, p = 0.0408; allelic: OR = 0.61, CI = 0.46–0.80, p = 0.0004).ConclusionsThe findings of our study suggest that the polymorphisms NOTCH4 rs204993 and CYP2E1 rs2070673 in the Bangladeshi ethnicity are connected to the risk of SCZ.
Deciduous Teeth Extraction Practice and Associated Factors Among Under Five‐Years‐Old Children in the Gambella Region, South West, Ethiopia: A Mixed Study
Authors: Demewoz Takele Shilu , Dagnew Gizachew Worku , Yadita Zemenu Shiferaw 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsDeciduous teeth extraction (DTE) is a harmful traditional practice often performed by traditional healers. This practice can lead to both acute and chronic complications that significantly impact children's health. Despite national strategies and initiatives, DTE remains prevalent in Ethiopia, especially in the Gambella region. However, there is limited information on its prevalence and determinants in this area.MethodBoth qualitative and quantitative studies were conducted. A community‐based cross‐sectional study involved 803 mothers with children under five in the Gambella region. Multistage simple random sampling was employed, and data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and in‐depth interviews. Data entry was performed using Epi Data version 4.6, and the analysis was conducted in SPSS version 25. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with deciduous tooth extraction (DTE). Odds ratios were calculated with a 95% confidence interval, and a p‐value of less than 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.ResultThe prevalence of Deciduous teeth extraction practice among < 5 years was 48.3% (95% CI: 0.44–0.51). Mothers lack of awareness (AOR = 2.08; 95 CI:1.21–3.58), mothers lack of information on scientific solutions of teething symptoms (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.21–3.60), mother's positive attitude towards milk tooth extraction (AOR = 10.06; 95%CI: 6.36–15.91), being ill during teething eruption (AOR = 8.70; 95% CI: 5.56–13.62) and Community DTE tradition (AOR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.34–3.15) were significantly associated. The qualitative findings also found that culture, misconception about DTE, peer and social pressure as factors.ConclusionsDeciduous teeth extraction practice in the Gambella region poses a significant public health concern. Lack of awareness regarding the consequences and scientific solutions for teething symptoms, mothers' attitudes, illness perceptions during teething, and community traditions were identified factors. Hence, comprehensive awareness campaigns involving all stakeholders should be emphasized. Health care providers should play a crucial role to educate both mothers and traditional healers.
Uptake of Measles Second Dose Vaccine and Its Associated Factors Among Children Age 24−35 Months in Merhabete Woreda, Ethiopia: 2022: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Wmeskel Ababye Mulatu , Zergaw Melese Wagaye , Abocherugn Hailegiyorgis Geleta 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimMeasles infection in children causes a high degree of morbidity and mortality. Vaccination with two doses of measles vaccine is the best strategy to prevent infection and its spread to other children. However, measles containing vaccination coverage in Ethiopia is below the WHO elimination goal. In this study, our aim was to assess uptake of measles second dose and its associated factors among children's age 24−35 months in Merhabete, North Shoa, Ethiopia, 2022.MethodsA community‐based cross‐sectional study design was conducted in Merhabete Woreda from June 1 to 30, 2022. A total of 732 children aged 24−35 months were included using a multistage and systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using a semi‐structured, interviewer‐administered questionnaire. Verbal informed consent was taken regarding their willingness to participate in the study from the guardians. The information was kept confidential and not shared with a third party. Data entered into EpiData version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25. A logistic regression model was used to identify associated factors. AOR with 95% CI and p < 0.05 were used to declare statistically significant variables.ResultsA total of 732 children with a response rate of 94.6% were included; the median age was 28 months. Uptake of measles vaccine second dose was 63.3% (95% CI 60%−67%). Knowledge of measles second dose schedule (AOR = 2.151, 95% CI 1.053−4.396), birth at a healthcare facility (AOR = 3.502, 95% CI 1.58−7.77), > 4 antenatal care visits (ANC) (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.254−5.225), having immunization card (AOR = 9.958 (4.256−23.298), and mother age 25−34 years (AOR = 2.954, 95% CI 1.298−6.721) were significantly associated with the uptake of measles second dose.Conclusion and RecommendationThe uptake of measles second dose vaccine in Merhabete Woreda was below the WHO measles elimination target of > 95%. Variables such as number of antenatal follow‐up visits, institutional delivery, knowing the schedule of measles second dose vaccine, maintaining immunization card records, and maternal age were found to be independent predictors of vaccination. Therefore, Woreda Health Office managers should strengthen periodic monitoring and evaluate the implementation of measles second dose vaccine. Health professionals should also improve mother's awareness on measles second dose vaccine schedule and its importance and retain their immunization chart booklet.
D609 Suppresses Antituberculosis Response by Regulating Dendritic Cells Antigen Presentation
Authors: Liu Honglin , Huang Huimin , Huang Zhen , Chen Yingxuan , Tan Deyou , Wang Xiaoni , Pang Xiaoni , Chen Shuwen , Liang Lianhui , Yang Haihui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo elucidate the role of phosphatidylcholine‐specific phospholipase C (PC‐PLC) in the antituberculosis (anti‐TB) immune response mediated by dendritic cells (DCs).MethodsIn vivo, C57BL/6J mice infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv. Before infection, the mice were pretreated with the PC‐PLC inhibitor D609. Bacillary loads in lung and spleen tissues were quantified through colony‐forming unit (CFU) assays. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to assess inflammatory infiltration and tissue damage. Levels of inflammatory mediators in peripheral venous blood were quantified using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Flow cytometry was employed to determine the proportions of conventional DCs (cDCs) and their subsets, cDC1 and cDC2, within lung, spleen, and lymph node tissues. In vitro, mouse bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) pretreated with D609. The expression levels of chemokines and pro‐inflammatory cytokines were assessed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and ELISA. BMDCs were loaded with H37Rv expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP‐H37Rv) or DQ‐OVA, and flow cytometry was utilized to analyze the impact of D609 on antigen phagocytosis and processing. Furthermore, flow cytometry was employed to evaluate the effect of D609 pretreatment on the expression levels of costimulatory molecules on BMDCs. The capacity of D609‐treated BMDCs to activate and proliferate T cells, as well as to induce interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) secretion, was assessed through a DC‐T cell coculture system.ResultsIn vivo analysis revealed that mice pretreated with D609 exhibited a marked increase in tissue bacterial load, enhanced inflammatory infiltration, and a reduction in pro‐inflammatory mediator expression in peripheral venous blood. There was a notable decrease in the number of cDCs in lung and lymph node tissues, with a pronounced reduction in cDC1 in the lungs and cDC2 in the lymph nodes. In vitro studies demonstrated that D609 pretreated BMDCs displayed a significant decline in inflammatory mediator production, antigen phagocytosis, and antigen processing capabilities, potentially due to altered expression of costimulatory molecules. Coculture experiments indicated that D609 pretreated BMDCs showed a substantial reduction in their ability to stimulate T cell activation, proliferation, and IFN‐γ secretion.ConclusionOur findings suggest that PC‐PLC plays a critical role in the functionality of DCs, including the production of chemokines and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, migration to lymph nodes, and antigen presentation to T cells, which collectively contribute to T cell activation and effective clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Further investigation into the regulatory mechanisms of PC‐PLC in DCs may uncover novel therapeutic targets for the development of advanced anti‐TB treatments.
Impaired Angiogenesis and Th1/Th17 Polarization: A Possible Explanation for the Decreased Incidence of Rosacea in the Aged
Authors: Long Juan , Deng Zhili , Chen Mengting , Liu Tangxiele 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRosacea is a common inflammatory skin disorder characterized by frequent facial flushing, erythema, telangiectasia, and papules, with a higher incidence observed in individuals aged 30−50 years and a tendency to decrease in the elderly. This age‐related decline in incidence drew our attention to further explore the relationship between rosacea pathogenesis and aging.MethodsWe analyzed the incidence of rosacea across 8340 individuals without systemic diseases. The effects of LL37‐induced rosacea‐like erythema and inflammation were evaluated in both young and aged mice. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed to assess microvessel density, whereas the expression levels of angiogenesis‐related factors, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor α (VEGFα), were quantified. Additionally, immune responses were assessed at both the cellular and systemic levels.ResultsAged mice displayed milder LL37‐induced rosacea‐like erythema and inflammation compared to their young counterparts. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed a decrease in microvessel density in rosacea models of the aged group. The expression of angiogenesis‐related factors, including MMPs and VEGFα, was decreased in aged mice compared to young mice, indicating a reduced responsiveness to LL37 stimulation. Furthermore, we found that suppressed Th1‐ and Th17‐polarized immune responses, one of the major pathogenic mechanisms of rosacea, were reduced in aged mice in response to LL37 stimulation at both cellular and systemic levels.ConclusionThe findings suggest that impaired angiogenesis and attenuated Th1/Th17 immune responses underlie the age‐related decline in rosacea incidence.
TinyNIDS: CNN‐Based Network Intrusion Detection System on TinyML Models in 6G Environments
Authors: Sun Bin , Zhao Yu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWith the evolution of network technologies from 5G to 6G, security has become increasingly critical due to the vast number of connected devices and the decentralized nature of network architectures. TinyNIDS addresses these challenges by leveraging a lightweight CNN (TinyCNN) optimized through quantization and pruning, enabling real‐time intrusion detection on resource‐constrained edge devices. This paper presents TinyNIDS, a CNN‐based network intrusion detection system designed for deployment on TinyML models in 6G environments. The system aligns with the demands of 6G networks, including ultra‐low latency, high throughput, and decentralized processing, ensuring robust threat detection without centralized bottlenecks. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of TinyCNN compared to traditional models, achieving higher accuracy, lower false positive and false negative rates, and reduced latency. The results validate the effectiveness of TinyNIDS as a scalable and efficient solution for real‐time network security in next‐generation networks.
Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Prognostic Significance of Patients With Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xu Wanwen , Yuan Feng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is an aggressive tumor. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a potential biomarker for the prognosis of cancer patients. This study aimed to explore the prognostic significance of CTCs in patients with BC.MethodsRetrospectively, 108 BC patients were collected between January 2011 and December 2019, while 10 patients with benign nodules were included as controls. CTCs with different phenotypes of patients were isolated using CanPatrol and tricolor RNA in situ hybridization (RNA‐ISH) methods. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER‐2) levels were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The progression‐free survival (PFS) was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Independent risk factors for BC recurrence were determined by Cox proportional risk regression analysis.ResultsThe higher the cancer stage (p = 0.00), the higher the ki‐67 expression level (p < 0.01), and the lower the histologic grade (p < 0.01), the higher the number of CTCs. The PFS of patients with high CTCs was shorter than that of patients with low CTCs (p < 0.05). Total CTCs (≥ 6) and positive mesenchymal CTCs (MCTCs) were also associated with recurrence and metastasis.ConclusionsTotal CTCs in BC patients have an independent influence on PFS reduction. Higher total CTCs and MCTCs in peripheral blood are biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of BC patients. HER‐2 high expression is also associated with the prognosis of the disease.
Medial posterior tibial slope measurements are overestimated on long radiographs and 3D CT compared to measurements on short lateral radiographs
Authors: Mabrouk Ahmed , Chou Te‐feng Arthur , Duouguih Wiemi , Onishi Shintaro , Mansour Alfred , Ollivier Matthieu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study assessed the measurements of the medial posterior tibial slope (MPTS) using long radiographs and three‐dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) scans and compared them to measurements taken on short lateral knee radiographs. The study aimed to identify whether the at‐risk slope measurements previously defined on the short radiographs would be similar to long radiographs and 3D CT scans.MethodsA retrospective radiological review of 52 cases, who underwent planning for a slope‐changing high tibial osteotomy and had short and long lateral radiographs and 3D CT scans of the tibia. Two independent observers measured the MPTS on the three modalities. The MPTS was defined as the angle between a tangent to the medial tibial plateau and the referenced tibia anatomical axis. The MPTS measurements from the short and long radiographs were compared to each other and then were compared to the measurements performed on the CT scan. False positives were defined as those cases with MPTS measurements of >78° on CT scans or long radiographs while having measurements ≤78° on short radiographs. These false positive cases are the ones which would be falsely labelled as having an abnormal slope based on the previously validated short radiograph slope threshold ≥12°.ResultsA total of 52 cases were analysed (67.9% males and 32.1% females). The mean age was 27 ± 5.4 years. The mean weight was 71.5 ± 7.7 kg, and the mean height was 1.8 ± 0.1 m. The mean MPTS measured on the short radiographs was 77.3 ± 2.3°; on the long radiographs, it was 75.8 ± 2.0°; and on the CT scan, it was 75.3 ± 2.1°. There was a positive correlation between the measurements taken on both the short and long radiographs (r = 0.9) (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between CT tibial slope measurements and both short and long radiographs tibial slope measurements (r = 0.86, r = 0.87), respectively (both p < 0.001). False positives were 13 (25%) patients on long radiographs, and 12 (23.1%) patients on CT scans, who had their MPTS measurements ≤78° (equivalent of PTS ≥ 12°) while their measurements were >78° on the short radiographs.ConclusionMeasurements of the MPTS can be overestimated by 1.5–2° on long lateral knee radiographs or 3D CT scans compared to measurements taken on short lateral radiographs. Different thresholds for the abnormal PTS measurements on long radiographs and CT scans, should be defined, considering the overestimated measurements in these modalities.Level of EvidenceLevel IV case series.
Physiological Effects of Salinity on the Osmotic Properties and Oxidative Stress Responses of the Razor Clam Solen regularis in Don Hoi Lot, Thailand
Authors: Dechkittithum Sappasith , Techawongstien Kannapoj , Phothakwanpracha Juthamas , Boonsanit Phurich , Pairohakul Supanut 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEstuaries are diverse coastal ecosystems that act as transitional zones between freshwater and seawater. The Don Hoi Lot tidal flat, located in the upper Gulf of Thailand, is one of Thailand's most important estuarine ecosystems. Nonetheless, the Don Hoi Lot area faces increasing environmental pressures due to human activities and natural changes. One of the most prominent species well‐known in this area is the razor clam Solen regularis. This study investigated the effects of salinity fluctuations on the osmotic properties and antioxidant enzyme activities of the five tissues: foot, mantle, adductor muscle, gill, and digestive gland from the razor clam S. regularis collected from the Don Hoi Lot tidal flat. Razor clams were exposed to a range of salinity levels (0–35 PSU) for 7 days. The results indicated that the hemolymph osmolality of S. regularis increased with increasing salinity, demonstrating an osmoconforming pattern. Salinity changes significantly affected the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPX) in various tissues. In most tissues, SOD and CAT activities increased at higher salinities (30–35 PSU), while GPX activity generally increased across all tissues with increasing salinity. GST activity was not significantly affected by salinity changes. These findings suggest that S. regularis can activate antioxidant defense systems to reduce oxidative stress caused by salinity fluctuations. This study provides valuable insights into the physiological responses of S. regularis to environmental salinity changes, which can inform conservation efforts for this ecologically important species in estuarine ecosystems.