bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Особливості франчайзингової експансії на український туристичний ринок
Authors: Redko Viktoriia Y. , Semych Yurii V. 
Published: November 2020

Мета дослідження - визначити відмінності впровадження моделі франчайзингу туристичними операторами на європейському та українському ринках.
Дизайн/Метод/План дослідження. Теоретичний підхід, що ґрунтується на узагальненні, системному й порівняльному аналізі. Застосовані контент-аналіз, статистичний, графічний і табличний методи.
Результати дослідження. Охарактеризовано моделі ділового франчайзингу найбільших багатопрофільних туристичних операторів масового туризму в Україні. Визначено загальні умови здійснення туристичної діяльності на принципах ділового франчайзингу для туристичних агенцій. З’ясовано відмінності моделей ділового франчайзингу на європейському й українському ринках. Франчайзинг визначено механізмом мультиплікації бізнесу й кооперації можливостей, спрямованих на активне просування туристичного продукту на цільовий на ринок.
Практичне значення дослідження. Практичне значення отриманих результатів дослідження полягає у можливому їх застосуванні туристичними агенціями при прийнятті рішення про приєднання до франчайзингової мережі й туроператорами при вирішенні питань диверсифікації прогнозованих ризиків бізнесу.
Оригінальність / цінність / наукова новизна дослідження. Новизною проведеного дослідження є уточнення умов провадження туристичної діяльності на засадах франчайзингу в країнах Європи й, зокрема, в Україні, виділення відмінних рис моделі європейського ділового франчайзингу, які полягають у чітко визначеній вертикально інтегрованій структурі управління, сильному національному маркетинговому менеджменті, корпоративній підтримці ведення бізнесу, довгостроковості франчайзингових угод, результативній системі франчайзі.
Перспективи подальших досліджень / обмеження дослідження. Внаслідок економічної кризи в туристичному бізнесі перспективним напрямом подальших досліджень з цієї проблематики є пошук шляхів стабілізації діяльності мережевого бізнесу в туризмі. Викликає інтерес зміна фінансового стану туристичних агентств після отримання або припинення статусу франчайзі.
Тип статті - теоретичний.
THE ROYAL SCHOOL OF MINES: HENRY DE LA BECHE’S CONVERGENCE OF PROFESSIONALIZATION AND PUBLIC ADVOCACY
Authors: CLARY RENEE M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Several European countries instituted mining schools in the late 1700s, including France, Germany, Hungary, and Russia. However, since England’s mining industry was privatized with little government involvement, Great Britain was decades behind with the creation of a school of mines. In 1835, Henry De la Beche (1796–1855) became the first director of the Ordnance Geological Survey, precursor to the British Geological Survey. De la Beche used this position to advance geology’s professionalization, which would include the establishment of an applied geology museum, mining records storehouse, and a school of mines. The Museum of Economic Geology, displaying the country’s mineral resources and geology, was De la Beche’s first success. Founded in 1835, it opened to the public in 1841. The Mining Records Office opened in 1840 as a repository for plans of working and abandoned mines. An early public advocate for workers’ safety, De la Beche lobbied for government inspections of collieries, immediate reporting of mining accidents, and proper plans of mines. The School of Mines was De la Beche’s third accomplishment in geology’s professionalization. As an outgrowth of the museum, it was formally opened in 1851 along with the larger Museum of Practical Geology, the Museum of Economic Geology’s successor. De la Beche’s intent for the School of Mines—instruction as a combination of science and practice—seems modern in its approach. In 1843, funding was allocated for lectures on the practical applications of geology, but these were not implemented until the School of Mines opened in 1851. In his effort to educate everyone—from miner to mine owner—De la Beche transcended social boundaries and supported open, public lectures. As a result, some considered him a class traitor. De la Beche used his position to advocate for advancement of the mining industry to include miner safety and public education. Therefore, while the Royal School of Mines emerged later than many of its European counterparts, it was part of a systematic professionalization of geology, coupled with education and a public advocacy for mining participants.
SOUNDING THE DEPTHS OF PROVIDENCE: MINERAL (RE)GENERATION AND HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
Authors: LUZZINI FRANCESCO 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The genesis and growth of minerals, as well as the existence in ore veins of such organic features as ‘seeds’, ‘matrices’, and ‘nourishment’, remained central and recurrent issues for natural philosophers, technicians, alchemists and practitioners throughout early modern Europe. By providing an overview of the main themes, voices, and concurrent factors (scientific, philosophical, economic, political, cultural, geographical, religious, social) that shaped the evolution of such long-standing dispute, this essay attempts a preliminary analysis of how the early modern understanding of mineral generation influenced our perception of natural exploitability, renewability and exhaustibility—and, more generally, the development of the Earth sciences and the emergence of humans as geological and environmental agents. These issues are also the subject of a new interdisciplinary project which is introduced in the final part of the article and which, hopefully, will be implemented in the next years with the aim to disclose new insights into our comprehension of the human-environment system.
BENEDETTO CASTELLI’S CONSIDERATIONS ON THE LAGOON OF VENICE: MATHEMATICAL EXPERTISE AND HYDROGEOMORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY VENICE
Authors: OMODEO PIETRO DANIEL , TREVISANI SEBASTIANO , BABU SENTHIL 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
This paper deals with the geoenvironmental politics of early-modern Venice as a case study of geological agency that enlightens the entanglements of geo-history and human history. It focuses on a controversy that was sparked by Galileo’s pupil Benedetto Castelli, as he claimed that his mathematical treatment of running waters could solve all of the most urgent problems linked to the management of the Lagoon of Venice. From an epistemological viewpoint, the controversy is relevant as a case of clashing ‘styles of thought’, as it constituted a disciplinary conflict that pitted Galileian physico-mathematical abstraction (which resulted from the isolation of a set of quantifiable data) against ‘geological’ concreteness (a form of comprehensive knowledge which aimed to cope with systemic complexity). Castelli was not able to convince the Venetian authorities that his method could solve the main problems relative to the conservation of the lagoon at a time when its depth and navigability were worryingly diminishing. While the Venetian authorities invested in diverting rivers away from the lagoon to reduce sediment supply, Castelli argued, to the contrary, that it was precisely the diversion of the rivers that caused shoaling because of the loss of the great quantity of water discharged by the rivers, which he accurately calculated. His analytical approach was dismissive of the comprehensive knowledge and complex methods that Venetian water experts and engineers had developed towards a systemic understanding of the hydrogeology and the environment of the lagoon with the active involvement of citizens and fishermen in the assessment of the state of the waters.
The The pharmacy workforce in public primary healthcare centers: promoting access and information on medicines
Authors: Faraco Emilia B. , Guimarães Luciano , Anderson Claire , Leite Silvana N. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Only few studies have analyzed the pharmaceutical workforce in primary healthcare centers, and a global recommendation calls for better understanding of the trends that shape workforce development and capacity.
Objective: To analyze the distribution of the pharmaceutical workforce in primary healthcare centers in the national health system [Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)] in Brazil.
Methods: The study was conducted using data from the National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines in Brazil. Secondary data referring to the socioeconomic indicators of each municipality were obtained from national public databases. Data stratification in geographic regions was considered, and data on workers in the management of the municipal pharmaceutical services and medicines dispensing centers were analyzed. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated by Poisson regression in the study investigating the factors associated with low and high-density pharmacists per 10,000 inhabitants.
Results: The results showed that most Brazilian municipalities have a rate of 1 or more pharmacist per 10,000 inhabitants in primary healthcare public facilities, with a higher concentration of pharmacists in small municipalities. Even in Brazilian municipalities with lower economic capacity, the conditions of access to medicines and pertinent information on medicines were directly related to the number of pharmacists available in these centers.
Conclusions: This study showed a high number of pharmacists in the public health system. The higher density of pharmacists in primary healthcare public facilities correlated to increased access to medicines information and better municipal social development.
The role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: from clinical research to real practice
Authors: Misnikova I. V. , Kovaleva Yu. A. , Gubkina V. A. 
Published: November 2020

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases occurs, which allows it to be considered as a cardiorenal metabolic syndrome. This should be taken into account when choosing hypoglycemic drugs. Patients with T2DM receiving insulin therapy often have a long history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and need to be prescribed high doses of insulin and/or complex insulin therapy regimens to maintain glycemic control, which does not always lead to the achievement of target levels of glycemia and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Adding to any insulin therapy regimen drugs from the class of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2), which have proven their cardio- and renoprotective properties, seems to be a rational combination in patients with T2DM and may have a number of advantages. The article presents 4 clinical examples of dapagliflozin administration, a drug from the SGLT2 class, to patients who are on insulin therapy, having T2DM with a long history (10–26 years), as well as cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and obesity. Dapagliflozin administration allowed to improve glycemic control, to stabilize the insulin dose, as well as reduce body weight without increasing the frequency of serious episodes of hypoglycemia in patients who initially received large doses of insulin. In the long term, we can expect reduction of the progression of cardiovascular risks and the risks of hospitalization due to existing complications of the disease.
THE HIGH-MAGNESIUM CALCITE ORIGIN OF NUMMULITID FORAMINIFERA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF CALCITE DIAGENESIS
Authors: COTTON LAURA J. , EVANS DAVID , BEAVINGTON-PENNEY SIMON J. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Nummulites were one of the most abundant and widespread larger benthic foraminifera of the Paleogene, however, confusion remains within the literature as to whether their original test mineralogy was high or low magnesium calcite. As the number of studies using proxies based on Nummulites and related nummulitid geochemistry increase, it is essential to have a firm understanding of test composition to assess preservation within potential samples, and to interpret results. Here we employ a combination of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, and laser ablation ICPMS to determine magnesium content across exceptionally preserved and poorly preserved fossil material as well as modern examples of nummulitids—showing conclusively a primary intermediate to high magnesium calcite composition. This composition appears to be closely related to fluctuating ocean chemistry through the Paleogene. Using these results as an indicator of preservation we examine variation in trace element data across a suite of samples, and introduce the concept of the preservagram, a method of quickly visualizing different styles of carbonate diagenesis. Understanding the original mineralogy of nummulitids and, therefore, the extent to which specimens have been diagenetically altered, is essential as larger foraminifera are increasingly used in geochemical studies.
Evaluating the performance of Temporal Pattern Discovery: New application using Statins and Rhabdomyolysis in OMOP databases
Authors: Lavallee M , Yu T , Evans L , Hemelrijck Mieke Van , Bosco C , Golozar A , Asiimwe A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Temporal Pattern Discovery (TPD) is a method of signal detection using electronic healthcare databases, serving as an alternative to spontaneous reporting of adverse drug events. Here, we aimed to replicate and optimise a TPD approach previously used to assess temporal signals of statins with rhabdomyolysis (in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database) by using the OHDSI tools designed for OMOP data sources. Methods: We used data from the Truven MarketScan US Commercial Claims and the Commercial Claims and Encounters (CCAE). Using an extension of the OHDSI ICTemporalPatternDiscovery package, we ran positive and negative controls through four analytical settings and calculated sensitivity, specificity, bias and AUC to assess performance. Results: Similar to previous findings, we noted an increase in the information component (IC) for simvastatin and rhabdomyolysis following initial exposure and throughout the surveillance window. For example, the change in IC was 0.266 for the surveillance period of 1-30 days as compared to the control period of -180 to -1days. Our modification of the existing OHDSI software allowed for faster queries and more efficient generation of chronographs. Conclusion: Our OMOP replication matched the results of the original THIN study, only simvastatin had a signal. The TPD method is a useful signal detection tool that provides a single statistic on temporal association and a graphical depiction of the temporal pattern of the drug outcome combination. It remains unclear if the method works well for rare adverse events, but it has been shown to be a useful risk identification tool for longitudinal observational databases. Future work should compare the performance of TPD with other pharmacoepidemiology methods and mining techniques of signal detection. In addition, it would be worth investigating the relative TPD performance characteristics using a variety of observational data sources.
Characterization of type -2 diacylglycerol acyltransferases in Haematococcus lacustris reveals their functions and engineering potential in triacylglycerol biosynthesis
Authors: Cui Hongli , Zhao Chunchao , Xu Wenxin , Zhang Hongjiang , Hang Wei , Zhu Xiaoli , Ji Chunli , Xue Jinai , Zhang Chunhui , Li Runzhi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Haematococcus lacustris is an ideal source of astaxanthin (AST), which is stored in oil bodies containing esterified AST (EAST) and triacylglycerol (TAG). Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) catalyze the last step of acyl-CoA-dependent TAG biosynthesis and are also considered as crucial enzymes involved in EAST biosynthesis in H. lacustris. Previous studies have identified four putative DGAT2-encoding genes in H. lacustris, and only HpDGAT2D allowed the recovery of TAG biosynthesis, but the engineering potential of HpDGAT2s in TAG biosynthesis remains ambiguous.Results: Five putative DGAT2 genes (HpDGAT2A, HpDGAT2B, HpDGAT2C, HpDGAT2D, and HpDGAT2E) were identified in H. lacustris. Transcription analysis showed that the expression levels of the HpDGAT2A, HpDGAT2D, and HpDGAT2E genes markedly increased under high light and nitrogen deficient conditions with distinct patterns, which led to significant TAG and EAST accumulation. Functional complementation demonstrated that HpDGAT2A, HpDGAT2B, HpDGAT2D, and HpDGAT2E had the capacity to restore TAG synthesis in a TAG-deficient yeast strain (H1246) showing a large difference in enzymatic activity. Fatty acid (FA) profile assays revealed that HpDGAT2A, HpDGAT2D, and HpDGAT2E, but not HpDGAT2B, preferred monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs (MUFAs) for TAG synthesis in yeast cells, and showed a preference for polyunsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs (PUFAs) based on their feeding strategy. The heterologous expression of HpDGAT2D in Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii significantly increased the TAG content and obviously promoted the MUFAs and PUFAs contents.Conclusions: Our study represents pioneering work on the characterization of HpDGAT2s by systematically integrating expression patterns, AST/TAG accumulation, functional complementation, and heterologous expression in yeast, plants, and algae. These results (1) update the gene models of HpDGAT2s, (2) prove the TAG biosynthesis capacity of HpDGAT2s, (3) show the strong preference for MUFAs and PUFAs, and (4) offer target genes to modulate TAG biosynthesis by using genetic engineering methods.
GDF-5 promotes Epidermal Stem Cells proliferation via Foxg1-cyclin D1 signaling
Authors: Zhao Xiaohong , Bian Ruyu , Wang Fan , Wang Ying , Li Xue , Guo Yicheng , Zhang Xiaorong , Luo Gaoxing , Zhan Rixing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: Epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) can self-renew and are responsible for the long-term maintenance of the skin, it also plays a critical role in wound re-epithelization, but the mechanism underlying EpSCs proliferation is unclear. Here, we studied the effects of GDF-5 on mouse EpSCs proliferation mechanism in wound healing. Methods: Firstly, the effects of GDF-5 on EpSCs proliferation was tested by using CCK8 reagent and PCNA expression was analysed by western blotting. Secondly, we screened genes that promote EpSCs proliferation in the FOX family and cyclin by qPCR, and further analysed the protein expression level of the selected genes by Western blotting. Thirdly, siRNA plasmids and pAdEasy adenovirus were transfected or infected, respectively, into mouse EpSCs to detect the effect of target genes on GDF-5 induced cell proliferation. Furthermore, a deep partial thickness burn mouse model was used in which GDF-5 induced EpSCs proliferation was detected by immunohistochemical. Finally, the relationships target genes were analysed by qPCR, immunoblotting and dual luciferase reporter gene detection. Results: We discovered that 100 ng/ml recombinant mouse GDF-5 was the optimal concentration for promoting mouse EpSCs proliferation. Through preliminary screening by qPCR, we found that Foxg1 and cyclin D1 could be the downstream molecules of GDF-5, and the results were confirmed by Western blotting. And the effect of GDF-5 on mouse EpSCs proliferation was regulated by Foxg1/cyclin D1 in vitro and in vivo. Besides, GDF-5 induced transcription of cyclin D1 was regulated by Foxg1-mediated cyclin D1 promoter activity.Conclusion: This paper showed that GDF-5 promotes mouse EpSCs proliferation via Foxg1-cyclin D1 signal pathway. It is suggested that GDF-5 may be a new approach to yield EpSCs for wound healing.
WITHDRAWN: Machine Learning for the Prediction of Progression in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury in Critical Care
Authors: Zhang Lifan , Wei Canzheng , Zhang Xuepeng , Ma Aijia , Cheng Jiangli , Dong Meiling , Yang Jing , Kang Yan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serve and harmful syndrome in the intensive care unit. Our previous study has shown that patients who will progress to AKI 3 stage are considered to receive RRT. This study aimed to develop a prediction model that can predict whether progression to AKI stage 3. Methods Patients with AKI stage 1/2, when they were first diagnosed with AKI in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III), were included. Patients who receive RRT or progress to AKI 3 stage within 72 hours of first AKI diagnosis were excluded. We build two predictive models, respectively using machine learning extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and logistic regression, to predict patients who will progress to AKI stage 3. Established models were evaluated by cross-validation and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AU-ROC). Results Of the 29238 patients included in the analysis, 3237 (11.1%) patients progressed to AKI stage 3. Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), sepsis and respiratory failure were the important predictors of AKI progression. The machine learning XGBoost model has a better performance than the Cox regression model on predicting AKI stage 3 progression (AU-ROC, 0.860 vs. 0.728, respectively). Conclusions The XGBoost model was able to identify patients with AKI progression better than the Cox regression model. Machine learning techniques may improve predictive modeling in medical research.
Comprehensive Analysis of Gut Microbiota of A Healthy Population and Covariates Affecting Microbial Variation in Two Large Japanese Cohorts
Authors: Park Jonguk , Kato Kumiko , Murakami Haruka , Hosomi Koji , Tanisawa Kumpei , Nakagata Takashi , Ohno Harumi , Konishi Kana , Kawashima Hitoshi , Chen Yi-An , Mohsen Attayeb , Xiao Jin-zhong , Odamaki Toshitaka , Kunisawa Jun , Mizuguchi Kenji , Miyachi Motohiko 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Inter-individual variations in gut microbiota composition are observed even among healthy populations. As gut microbiota in Japanese populations exhibit a unique composition compared to others, it is informative to conduct large-scale Japanese cohort studies for a comprehensive understanding of the association between healthy gut microbiota and host status. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the integrated and non-redundant factors associated with gut microbiota composition within the Japanese population by 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples and questionnaire-based covariate analysis. Results: A total of 1,596 healthy Japanese individuals participated in this study via two independent cohorts, NIBIOHN cohort (n = 954) and MORINAGA cohort (n = 642). Gut microbiota composition was described and the interaction of these microorganisms with metadata parameters such as anthropometric measurements, bowel habits, medical history, and lifestyle were obtained. Thirteen genera, including Alistipes, Anaerostipes, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Eubacterium halli group, Faecalibacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Lachnoclostidium, Parabacteroides, Prevotella_9, Roseburia and Subdoligranurum were predominant among the two cohorts. On the basis of univariate analysis for overall microbiome variation, 18 matching variables exhibited significant association in both cohorts. A stepwise redundancy analysis revealed that there were four common covariates, Bristol Stool Scale (BSS) scores, gender, age, and defecation frequency, displaying non-redundant association with gut microbial variance.Conclusions: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of gut microbiota in healthy Japanese individuals, based on two independent cohorts, and obtained reliable evidence that questionnaire-based covariates such as frequency of bowel movement and dietary intake affects the microbial composition of the gut. To our knowledge, this was the first study to investigate integrated and non-redundant factors associated with gut microbiota among Japanese populations.