bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition transition in Vietnam: changing food supply, food prices, household expenditure, diet and nutrition outcomes
Authors: Harris Jody , Nguyen Phuong Hong , Tran Lan Mai , Huynh Phuong Nam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile literature has noted the presence of a nutrition transition in terms of changing nutrition outcomes in Vietnam, very limited evidence linking changes in upstream food system factors to downstream diet and nutrition changes exists. Combining available data from different sources and analyzing it through a conceptual food systems framework, our study examines different pathways of nutrition transition through food supply, food prices, household food expenditures, diets, and nutrition outcomes in Vietnam. Our findings show that while Vietnam is at the start of its nutrition transition, change is happening rapidly. Undernutrition is falling, obesity is rising, and nutrition-related chronic diseases account for a significant burden of diseases and death. In terms of changes in healthful foods, the supply of vegetables and fruits is plentiful, and expenditure on vegetables remains consistent and small. Notably however, vegetable consumption has dropped, and increasing meat and milk consumption have been double-edged swords for nutrition. In terms of foods associated with the negative sides of the nutrition transition, the availability of sweets and sweetened beverages has risen in recent years, with oils and fats rising less. The expenditure share on food eaten away from home, in many contexts a marker for less healthful diets, has increased over time. While these changes are typical of a nutrition transition, Vietnam is also somewhat of an outlier in some respects: wet markets and daily fresh food purchases continue to dominate food purchasing behaviour, and food eaten away from home means a different thing in a country renowned for its diverse and healthy street food and roadside restaurant culture. While this study brings together important data on the food system drivers of a nutrition transition in Vietnam, it cannot link each of these issues into a standard statistical model of change due to data gaps at different levels, calling for data collection improvement in future diet and food systems research. Vietnamese health policy explicitly acknowledges nutrition transition issues, with targets for obesity reduction. This work on the food system drivers of the nutrition transition points to the need to further adapt policy in other sectors beyond health, however. At the same time as making nutrient-rich foods more accessible, nutrient-poor or ultra-processed foods need to be made less accessible and desirable if additional income is to contribute to a healthy diet in limiting Vietnam’s emerging nutrition transition.
Spreading Speeds and Traveling Waves for Monotone Systems of Impulsive Reaction–Diffusion Equations: Application to Tree–Grass Interactions in Fire-prone Savannas
Authors: Banasiak J. , Dumont Y. , Yatat Djeumen I. V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany systems in life sciences have been modeled by reaction–diffusion equations. However, under some circumstances, these biological systems may experience instantaneous and periodic perturbations (e.g. harvest, birth, release, fire events, etc) such that an appropriate formalism like impulsive reaction–diffusion equations is necessary to analyze them. While several works tackled the issue of traveling waves for monotone reaction–diffusion equations and the computation of spreading speeds, very little has been done in the case of monotone impulsive reaction–diffusion equations. Based on vector-valued recursion equations theory, we aim to present in this paper results that address two main issues of monotone impulsive reaction–diffusion equations. Our first result deals with the existence of traveling waves for monotone systems of impulsive reaction–diffusion equations. Our second result tackles the computation of spreading speeds for monotone systems of impulsive reaction–diffusion equations. We apply our methodology to a planar system of impulsive reaction–diffusion equations that models tree–grass interactions in fire-prone savannas. Numerical simulations, including numerical approximations of spreading speeds, are finally provided in order to illustrate our theoretical results and support the discussion.
Rise and fall of a Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) stepping-stone population in central Germany
Authors: Port Markus , Henkelmann Antje , Schröder Friederike , Waltert Matthias , Middelhoff Lilli , Anders Ole , Jokisch Susanne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAfter having been extinct for approximately 200 years, the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) is currently being reintroduced in several European countries. However, it still occurs in several local, isolated populations. Given the patchy distribution of its forest habitat within a human-dominated landscape, the formation of population stepping-stones, i.e., small lynx occurrences between source populations, has been suggested an important mechanism for the expansion of lynx in central Europe. We studied the population history of such a stepping-stone population, which emerged approximately 60 km southwest of a larger reintroduced population in central Germany. We also examined migrations of lynx between the source population and the stepping-stone. At the beginning of our study in autumn 2014, our study population consisted of a minimum number of six resident individuals of both sexes that successfully reproduced in the area. However, over the course of only a single year, this subpopulation declined to only a single resident male as a consequence of death and emigration. In the 4 years after this decline, the subpopulation did not recover due to the absence of female dispersal into the area. Our study illustrates the vulnerability of small, isolated populations to stochastic demographic events and suggests that constraints on female dispersal are a major reason for the slow expansion of lynx in central Europe. To promote the expansion of lynx, active population management will be required, involving the translocation of females to reinforce existing stepping-stone populations or to create new ones.
Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Secondary AlZnMg(Cu) Die-Cast Alloys
Authors: Silmbroth Mathias , Bozorgi Salar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, the development of AlZnMg(Cu) alloys was performed by thermodynamic simulations and experimental tests. With calculations, the solidification processes and phase compositions could be predicted. As secondary casting alloys, the selected compositions of AlZn4Mg3Cu(Fe) and AlZn5Mg4Cu have higher contents of alloying elements, such as iron and silicon, and were successfully processed with a cold-chamber die casting machine. In addition, an energy- and time-saving optimization of the material properties was performed by a modified heat treatment (T6*) with a total time of only 12 h. The alloys were evaluated based on the characterization of their mechanical properties and the analysis of their microstructures. In particular, the elimination of cost-intensive alloying elements and the application of a modified heat treatment method clearly show the potential of AlZnMg(Cu) die-cast alloys for future industrial use.
Establish the expected number of induced motifs on unlabeled graphs through analytical models
Authors: Martorana Emanuele , Micale Giovanni , Ferro Alfredo , Pulvirenti Alfredo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractComplex networks are usually characterized by the presence of small and recurrent patterns of interactions between nodes, called network motifs. These small modules can help to elucidate the structure and the functioning of complex systems. Assessing the statistical significance of a pattern as a motif in a network G is a time consuming task which entails the computation of the expected number of occurrences of the pattern in an ensemble of random graphs preserving some features of G, such as the degree distribution. Recently, few models have been devised to analytically compute expectations of the number of non-induced occurrences of a motif. Less attention has been payed to the harder analysis of induced motifs. Here, we illustrate an analytical model to derive the mean number of occurrences of an induced motif in an unlabeled network with respect to a random graph model. A comprehensive experimental analysis shows the effectiveness of our approach for the computation of the expected number of induced motifs up to 10 nodes. Finally, the proposed method is helpful when running subgraph counting algorithms to get the number of occurrences of a topology become unfeasible.
Latest Advances in High-Voltage and High-Energy-Density Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Yuan Xinhai , Ma Fuxiang , Zuo Linqing , Wang Jing , Yu Nengfei , Chen Yuhui , Zhu Yusong , Huang Qinghong , Holze Rudolf , Wu Yuping , van Ree Teunis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) have become a lively research theme due to their advantages of low cost, safety, environmental friendliness, and easy manufacturing. However, since its inception, the aqueous solution energy storage system has always faced some problems, which hinders its development, such as the narrow electrochemical stability window of water, poor percolation of electrode materials, and low energy density. In recent years, to overcome the shortcomings of the aqueous solution-based energy storage system, some very pioneering work has been done, which also provides a great inspiration for further research and development of future high-performance aqueous energy storage systems. In this paper, the latest advances in various ARBs with high voltage and high energy density are reviewed. These include aqueous rechargeable lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, zinc, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum batteries. Further challenges are pointed out.

Graphic Abstract
Aqueous can be better in terms of safety, friendliness, and energy density.
Avoiding the Banality of Evil in Times of COVID-19: Thinking Differently with a Biopsychosocial Perspective for Future Health and Social Policies Development
Authors: Leonardi Matilde , Lee Haejung , van der Veen Sabina , Maribo Thomas , Cuenot Marie , Simon Liane , Paltamaa Jaana , Maart Soraya , Tucker Carole , Besstrashnova Yanina , Shosmin Alexander , Cid Daniel , Almborg Ann-Helene , Anttila Heidi , Yamada Shin , Frattura Lucilla , Zavaroni Carlo , Zhuoying Qiu , Martinuzzi Andrea , Martinuzzi Michela , Magnani Francesca Giulia , Snyman Stefanus , El Oumri Ahmed Amine , Sylvain Ndegeya , Layton Natasha , Sykes Catherine , Saleeby Patricia Welch , Winkler Andrea Sylvia , de Camargo Olaf Kraus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic provides the opportunity to re-think health policies and health systems approaches by the adoption of a biopsychosocial perspective, thus acting on environmental factors so as to increase facilitators and diminish barriers. Specifically, vulnerable people should not face discrimination because of their vulnerability in the allocation of care or life-sustaining treatments. Adoption of biopsychosocial model helps to identify key elements where to act to diminish effects of the pandemics. The pandemic showed us that barriers in health care organization affect mostly those that are vulnerable and can suffer discrimination not because of severity of diseases but just because of their vulnerability, be this age or disability and this can be avoided by biopsychosocial planning in health and social policies. It is possible to avoid the banality of evil, intended as lack of thinking on what we do when we do, by using the emergence of the emergency of COVID-19 as a Trojan horse to achieve some of the sustainable development goals such as universal health coverage and equity in access, thus acting on environmental factors is the key for global health improvement.
When behavioural science can make a difference in times of COVID-19
Authors: KRPAN DARIO , MAKKI FADI , SALEH NABIL , BRINK SUZANNE IRIS , KLAUZNICER HELENA VLAHINJA 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn a large study that involved 2637 participants recruited from a representative UK and US sample, we tested the influence of four behavioural interventions (versus control) on a range of behaviours important for reducing the spread of COVID-19 a day after the interventions were administered. Even if people largely complied with social distancing measures, our analyses showed that for certain subgroups of the population the interventions made a positive difference. More specifically, for those who started practising social distancing relatively recently, an information-based intervention increased general compliance with social distancing and reduced both the number of times people went out and the number of hours they spent outside. However, for people who started practising social distancing relatively early, the interventions tended to backfire and, in some cases, reduced compliance with social distancing. Overall, this research has various policy implications and shows that, although behavioural interventions can positively impact compliance with social distancing, their effect may depend on personal circumstances.
Commerce in Data and the Dynamically Limited Alienability Rule
Authors: Janeček Václav , Malgieri Gianclaudio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCommerce in some data is, and should be, limited by the law because some data embody values and interests—in particular, human dignity—that may be detrimentally affected by trade. In this Article, drawing on the Roman law principles regarding res extra commercium, we investigate the example of personal data as regulated under the EU Charter and the GDPR. We observe that transactions in personal data are not forbidden but subject to what we call a dynamically limited alienability rule. This rule is based on two dynamic variables: The nature of data and the legal basis for commercially trading such data at a primary or secondary level. Accordingly, in order to deal with such dynamism and the uncertainty it poses, we propose a general two-stage reasonableness test that should help legal practitioners, judges, and lawmakers to consider when trade in data is illicit and who, if anyone, shall be held responsible for this mischief. Finally, we show how the two-stage test and the limited alienability rule can advance European contract law and help enforce legal principles associated with such data extra commercium in automated and autonomous data trading systems.
How Far Is It from Warsaw to Luxembourg and Karlsruhe: The Impact of the PSPP Judgment on Poland
Authors: Biernat Stanisław 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA concern was voiced in commentaries after the PSPP judgment that the BVerfG’s position regarding the refusal to apply in Germany the CJEU judgment as issued on an ultra vires basis might be used in EU Member States infringing the rule of law, and the independence of the judiciary in particular. This issue is presented in relation to Poland. The article sets out the constitutional provisions which proclaim openness to European integration, as well as the union-friendly case-law of the Constitutional Tribunal (CT) until 2016. The CT jurisprudence at that time provided, however, for the possibility of refusing to apply EU law in exceptional situations, even though this never happened. Next, the article discusses endeavors of the new Polish authorities since the end of 2015 which drastically breach the rule of law in the field of the judiciary, as well as the measures taken by EU institutions to counteract these adverse phenomena. The Polish authorities argue that the competence to define the legal position of the judiciary has not been conferred on the Union and remains within the exclusive competence of the Member States. Such a stance was also taken by the politically dependent CT in April 2020. The PSPP judgment was therefore welcomed with joy by Polish politicians. There are major differences, however, between the rulings of the BVerfG and those of the Polish CT in its current composition, and the hopes pinned on the PSPP judgment by the Polish authorities are unfounded.
Paradoxes of Ultra-Vires Review: A Critical Review of the PSPP Decision and Its Initial Reception
Authors: Wendel Mattias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis contribution explores paradoxes of ultra vires review with specific regard to the PSPP decision of the German Federal Constitutional Court in the light of the decision’s initial reception. While some of these paradoxes are inherent in the very nature of ultra vires review, others are specific to the PSPP judgment. They relate to the underlying doctrinal and theoretical premises, to key concepts such as proportionality or the scope of judicial review, to the overall context in which the decision is embedded, and even to the community which is addressed and affected by the decision. It is the sad irony that the Federal Constitutional Court, while accusing others of manifestly exceeding their competences, does not sufficiently adhere to its own standards and increasingly risks overstretching the boundaries of its mandate under the Basic Law.
A GLOBAL HISTORY OF THE ‘MULTIPLE RENAISSANCES’
Authors: BLITSTEIN PABLO ARIEL 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTMany scholars claim that the world has had many ‘renaissances’ in its long history: they advocate what we could call the ‘multiple renaissances’ thesis. In this article, I will focus on the history of this idea. Where and when did the ‘multiple renaissances’ thesis emerge? What intellectual exchanges and historical conditions made it possible? To answer these questions, I will first draw up a short genealogy of the idea that the European/Italian Renaissance is a ‘culture’ or a ‘social type’; then, I will show that such typological use of the renaissance made it possible to apply this concept to different historical and social configurations, not only within, but also outside Europe; finally, through an analysis of the relation between Arnold Toynbee and Hu Shi, I will show that the uses of the renaissance category in the non-European world, especially in East Asia, contributed to shaping the ‘multiple renaissances’ thesis and, through it, to redefining the perception of the renaissance in Europe proper.
La COVID-19 et les priorités de recherche sur le vieillissement
Authors: Rylett R. Jane , Alary Flamine , Goldberg Joanne , Rogers Susan , Versteegh Patricia 
Published: September 2020

RésuméCet article présente les domaines prioritaires de recherche sur les impacts de la pandémie de COVID-19 chez les personnes âgées telles qu’ils ont été identifiés par l’Institut du vieillissement des IRSC (IV-IRSC). Le processus utilisé par l’IV-IRSC a comporté plusieurs phases itératives qui ont permis d’identifier trois secteurs prioritaires parmi les besoins de la recherche relative à la COVID-19, et quatre axes thématiques transversaux. Les secteurs de recherche prioritaires sont : 1) la réponse des personnes âgées à la maladie, à la vaccination et aux traitements, 2) la santé mentale et l’isolement, et 3) les milieux de soins soutenants. Les quatre thèmes transversaux sont : a) l’Équité, la diversité et l’inclusion (EDI), b) les considérations éthiques et morales, c) les pratiques fondées sur les données probantes, et d) les technologies numériques de la santé. Les priorités décrites dans cet article guideront les réponses de l’IV-IRSC aux besoins de la recherche sur la COVID-19.
A NEW INTERPRETIVIST METASEMANTICS FOR FUNDAMENTAL LEGAL DISAGREEMENTS
Authors: Schroeter François , Schroeter Laura , Toh Kevin 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTWhat does it take for lawyers and others to think or talk about the same legal topic—e.g., defamation, culpability? We argue that people are able to think or talk about the same topic not when they possess a matching substantive understanding of the topic, as traditional metasemantics says, but instead when their thoughts or utterances are related to each other in certain ways. And what determines the content of thoughts and utterances is what would best serve the core purposes of the representational practice within which the thought or utterance is located. In thus favoring a “relational model” in metasemantics, we share Ronald Dworkin's goal of explaining fundamental legal disagreements, and also his reliance on constructive interpretation. But what we delineate is a far more general and explanatorily resourceful metasemantics than what Dworkin articulated, which also bypasses some controversial implications for the nature of law that Dworkin alleged.
Determinants of agricultural emissions: panel data evidence from a global sample
Authors: Nguyen Canh Phuc , Le Thai-Ha , Schinckus Christophe , Su Thanh Dinh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing the panel data of 89 economies from 1995–2012, this study examines the major drivers of agricultural emissions while considering affluence, energy intensity, agriculture value added and economic integration. We find long-run cointegration among the variables. Furthermore, our empirical results based on a dynamic fixed effects autoregressive distributed lag model show that the increases in income and economic integration – proxied by trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) – are the major contributors to higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture in the short run. Additionally, the increases in income, agriculture value added and energy consumption are the major drivers of agricultural emissions in the long run. Notably, trade openness and FDI inflows have significantly negative effects on GHG emissions from agriculture in the long run. These results apply to methane and nitrous oxide emissions. The empirical findings vary across three subsamples of countries at different development stages.
Predation, Seigneurial Tenure, and Development in French Colonial America
Authors: Geloso Vincent 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is substantial debate over the colonial origins of divergence within the Americas. In this debate, the French Empire has been largely ignored even though, until 1760, it included Canada. This article uses recent empirical advances in our knowledge of the colonial Canadian economy to introduce the role of French institutions—most notably the institution of seigneurial tenure—into the debate on the colonial origins of divergence. It argues that the institution of seigneurial tenure in Canada when it was under French rule (up to 1760) had predatory features that help to explain why Canada was the poorest of the North American colonies.