bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of autistic symptoms on social and non-social cognition and on real-life functioning in people with schizophrenia: Evidence from the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses multicenter study
Authors: Vita Antonio , Barlati Stefano , Deste Giacomo , Rocca Paola , Rossi Alessandro , Bertolino Alessandro , Aguglia Eugenio , Amore Mario , Bellomo Antonello , Biondi Massimo , Carpiniello Bernardo , Collantoni Enrico , Cuomo Alessandro , D’Ambrosio Enrico , dell’ Osso Liliana , di Giannantonio Massimo , Giordano Giulia Maria , Marchesi Carlo , Monteleone Palmiero , Montemagni Cristiana , Oldani Lucio , Pompili Maurizio , Roncone Rita , Rossi Rodolfo , Siracusano Alberto , Zeppegno Patrizia , Nibbio Gabriele , Galderisi Silvana , Maj Mario ,   Italian Network for Research on Psychoses
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), although conceptualized as separate entities, may share some clinical and neurobiological features. ASD symptoms may have a relevant role in determining a more severe clinical presentation of schizophrenic disorder but their relationships with cognitive aspects and functional outcomes of the disease remain to be addressed in large samples of individuals.

Aims
To investigate the clinical, cognitive, and functional correlates of ASD symptoms in a large sample of people diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Methods
The severity of ASD symptoms was measured with the PANSS Autism Severity Scale (PAUSS) in 921 individuals recruited for the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses multicenter study. Based on the PAUSS scores, three groups of subjects were compared on a wide array of cognitive and functional measures.

Results
Subjects with more severe ASD symptoms showed a poorer performance in the processing speed (p = 0.010), attention (p = 0.011), verbal memory (p = 0.035), and social cognition (p = 0.001) domains, and an overall lower global cognitive composite score (p = 0.010). Subjects with more severe ASD symptoms also showed poorer functional capacity (p = 0.004), real-world interpersonal relationships (p < 0.001), and participation in community-living activities (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
These findings strengthen the notion that ASD symptoms may have a relevant impact on different aspects of the disease, crucial to the life of people with schizophrenia. Prominent ASD symptoms may characterize a specific subpopulation of individuals with SSD.
Dopamine D1 receptor stimulates cathepsin K-dependent degradation and resorption of collagen I in lung fibroblasts
Authors: Diaz Espinosa Ana M. , Link Patrick A. , Sicard Delphine , Jorba Ignasi , Tschumperlin Daniel J. , Haak Andrew J. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Matrix resorption is essential to the clearance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) after normal wound healing. A disruption in these processes constitutes a main component of fibrotic diseases, characterized by excess deposition and diminished clearance of fibrillar ECM proteins, such as collagen type I. The mechanisms and stimuli regulating ECM resorption in the lung remain poorly understood. Recently, agonism of dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1), which is predominantly expressed on fibroblasts in the lung, has been shown to accelerate tissue repair and clearance of ECM following bleomycin injury in mice. Therefore, we investigated whether DRD1 receptor signaling promotes the degradation of collagen type I by lung fibroblasts. For cultured fibroblasts, we found that DRD1 agonism enhances extracellular cleavage, internalization and lysosomal degradation of collagen I mediated by cathepsin K, which results in reduced stiffness of cell-derived matrices, as measured by atomic force microscopy. In vivo agonism of DRD1 similarly enhanced fibrillar collagen degradation by fibroblasts, as assessed by tissue labeling with a collagen-hybridizing peptide. Together, these results implicate DRD1 agonism in fibroblast-mediated collagen clearance, suggesting an important role for this mechanism in fibrosis resolution.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Avoiding Unnecessary Major Rectal Cancer Surgery by Implementing Structural Restaging and a Watch-and-Wait Strategy After Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy
Authors: Huisman J. F. , Schoenaker I. J. H. , Brohet R. M. , Reerink O. , van der Sluis H. , Moll F. C. P. , de Boer E. , de Graaf J. C. , de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel W. H. , Beets G. L. , van Westreenen H. L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is found in 15–20% of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. A watch-and-wait (W&W) strategy has been introduced as an alternative strategy to avoid surgery for selected patients with a clinical complete response at multidisciplinary response evaluation. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the multidisciplinary response evaluation by comparing the proportion of patients with pCR since the introduction of the structural response evaluation with the period before response evaluation.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent nCRT between January 2009 and May 2018, categorizing them into cohort A (period 2009–2015) and cohort B (period 2015–2018). The patients in cohort B underwent structural multidisciplinary response evaluation with the option of the W&W strategy. Proportion of pCR (ypT0N0), time-to-event (pCR) analysis, and stoma-free survival were evaluated in both cohorts.

Results
Of the 259 patients in the study, 21 (18.4%) in cohort A and in 8 (8.7%) in cohort B had pCR (p = 0.043). Time-to-event analysis demonstrated a significant pCR decline in cohort B (p < 0.001). The stoma-free patient rate was 24% higher in cohort B (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Multidisciplinary clinical response evaluation after nCRT for locally advanced rectal cancer led to a significant decrease in unnecessary surgery for the patients with a complete response.
Molecular Scale Assessments of Electrochemical Interfaces: In Situ and Ex Situ Approaches
Authors: Yokota Yasuyuki , Kim Yousoo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Microscopic studies on electrolyte solution/electrode interfaces provide the most fundamental information not only for understanding the electric double layer formed at the interfaces but also for designing sophisticated electrochemical devices. Various types of in situ techniques, performed without taking the electrode out of electrolyte solutions, have become indispensable tools. Among them, electrochemical tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC-TERS) is considered as an ultimate tool because of simultaneous measurements of electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) and Raman spectroscopy just underneath the EC-STM tip. On the other hand, ex situ techniques, where the electrode is emersed from the solution to perform precise measurements, have been still useful because the detailed information not easy to obtain by in situ techniques is available just by combining conventional instruments, such as photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) for the analysis of electronic states. In this highlight review, we present our recent progresses with in situ (EC-TERS) and ex situ (PES combined with electrochemistry) experiments for elucidating the microscopic properties of electric double layers. Current issues and future perspective of both techniques are also discussed in detail.
Effectiveness of Planning Prompts on Organizations’ Likelihood to File Their Overdue Taxes: A Multi‐Wave Field Experiment
Authors: Robitaille Nicole , House Julian , Mazar Nina 
Published: November 2020

This paper investigates the effectiveness of planning prompts on organizations’ tax compliance behavior. We conducted a large-scale, multi‐wave field experiment examining the tax-paying behavior of all organizations that failed to file timely annual returns for a payroll tax in the province of Ontario. Organizations were randomly assigned to receive one of two letters: Ontario’s standard late notice (control) and a revised experimental late notice, which included step-by-step instructions of when, where, and how to file a return. Our data indicate that planning prompts are effective at increasing organizations’ timely tax payment. In addition to replicating these findings across two waves, we demonstrate that, although our intervention did not appear to have effects that persisted across tax years, organizations also did not habituate to our manipulation and its effects were consistent across repeated exposures. Our study is among the first to demonstrate that a simple behavioral intervention that has typically been applied to individuals to help them to act upon their existing motivations can be effective in the realm of tax compliance and organizational behavior. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, behavioral economics.
Ultrahigh-figure-of-merit refractive index sensor based on the Rayleigh anomaly resonance
Authors: Rahimi L. , Askari A. A. 
Published: November 2020

We investigate an all-metal and simple-fabrication grating with an ultranarrow band absorption spectrum in the telecom window range. The influences of structure parameters on the absorption characteristics are investigated. For the best design, the absorption efficiency reaches 94% under normal incidence, with the full width at half-maximum of only 0.17 nm. We demonstrate that this ultranarrow band absorption is the result of the dominant excitation of the Rayleigh anomaly mode. The corresponding figure of merit is calculated to be

8530

R
I
U

−
1

. The applied procedure has the potential to also be used in designing high-performance reflection-based sensors in other wavelength ranges.
Tunable terahertz absorption in Si/SiO2-graphene multilayers: disorder and magneto-optical effects
Authors: Rashidi Arezou , Nayak Chittaranjan , Bezerra Claudionor G. , Costa Carlos H. , Pinheiro Felipe A. 
Published: November 2020

In this work we theoretically investigate the influence of disorder and external perpendicular magnetic field on terahertz (THz) absorption in graphene/SiC cap layers on top of one-dimensional photonic structures. We show that left-handed circularly polarized light absorption can be achieved up to 0.9 and even nearly perfect absorption at magnetic fields over 4 T. It is also demonstrated that multichannel absorption can be obtained, in a broad frequency range, by increasing the disorder strength in the layer thicknesses, outperforming the corresponding periodic structures. Altogether, our results reveal the potentialities of introducing disorder to not only enhance but also to tune absorption in photonic superlattices with graphene under the influence of an external magnetic field, allowing for applications such as THz circular polarization selective sensors and photodetectors.
Bi2O2Se for broadband terahertz wave switching
Authors: Li Zhe Wen , Li Jiu-Sheng 
Published: November 2020

Many modern terahertz systems require dynamic manipulation of a terahertz wave. We proposed a terahertz wave switch based on a

B
i

2

O

2

S
e

/

S
i

structure. The transmittance and conductivity characteristics of the

B
i

2

O

2

S
e

in a terahertz region have been measured by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and analyzed using the Drude model. An ON–OFF switching speed as fast as 2 MHz and an extinction ratio as high as 17.7 dB was achieved at an external laser irradiance of

1.3

W

/

c
m

2

. The switching characteristics of the device can be explained by the accumulation of carriers at the interface that induces terahertz wave intense absorption. Our approach can effectively be used to realize a wide range of dynamically tunable terahertz functional devices. This makes its use viable for a range of communication, imaging, and sensing applications.
Nonlinear photoacoustic response of suspensions of laser-synthesized plasmonic titanium nitride nanoparticles
Authors: Maldonado Melissa E. , Das Avishek , Gomes Anderson S. L. , Popov Anton A. , Klimentov Sergey M. , Kabashin Andrei V. 
Published: November 2020

A nonlinear photoacoustic (PA) response from solutions of 40 nm
plasmonic titanium nitride nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by laser
ablation in a liquid environment (acetone) is reported. Using a
photoacoustic Z-scan with 5 ns pumping pulses, values of effective
nonlinear absorption (NLA) coefficients

β

PA,eff

were measured and found to be
3.27±0.17 × 10-8, 6.41±0.32 × 10-8, and
3.22±0.16 × 10-8 for 600, 700, and 800 nm pumping
wavelengths, respectively. To take into account the influence of
nonlinear scattering, absorption-dependent PA measurements were
carried out together with the optical Z-scan, and the obtained data
were compared. The origin of the effective absorptive nonlinearity is
discussed based on combined NLA in NPs, nonlinear scattering, and
bubble generation triggered by NP-mediated light absorption. Potential
applications include biomedical diagnostics and therapy.
Optimization of N2+ lasing by waveform-controlled polarization-skewed pulses
Authors: Li Hanxiao , Pan Shengzhe , Chen Fei , Sun Fenghao , Li Zhaohui , Xu Huailiang , Wu Jian 
Published: November 2020

Optical ionization of

N
2

and subsequent population redistribution among the ground and excited states of

N

2

+

in an intense laser field are commonly accepted to be fundamentally responsible for the generation of

N

2

+

lasing. By finely controlling this two-step process, the optimization of

N

2

+

lasing is possibly achieved. Here, we design a waveform-controlled polarization-skewed (PS) pumping pulse, in which the leading and falling edges are orthogonally polarized, and their relative field strength and phase can be well controlled. We demonstrate that precise manipulation of the

N

2

+

lasing at 391 nm and 428 nm emissions can be achieved by modulating both the relative phase and amplitudes of the two orthogonally polarized components of the pumping PS pulse. We find that the optimization of

N

2

+

lasing depends not only on the competitive balance between the ionization and post-ionization coupling that varies in different pumping energies but also on the phase with the maximum intensity appearing at the phase of

n

π

. Orders of magnitude enhancement in the

N

2

+

lasing intensity is observed as the phase changes from

(
n
+

1

/

2

)
π

to

n
π

. The PS pulse with a controllable spatiotemporal waveform provides us a robust and straightforward tool to efficiently enhance the

N

2

+

lasing emission.
Southeast Asian health system challenges and responses to the ‘Andaman Sea refugee crisis’: A qualitative study of health-sector perspectives from Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand
Authors: Legido-Quigley Helena , Leh Hoon Chuah Fiona , Howard Natasha 
Published: November 2020

Background
Southeast Asian countries host signficant numbers of forcibly displaced people. This study was conducted to examine how health systems in Southeast Asia have responded to the health system challenges of forced migration and refugee-related health including the health needs of populations affected by forced displacement; the health systems–level barriers and facilitators in addressing these needs; and the implications of existing health policies relating to forcibly displaced and refugee populations. This study aims to fill in the gap in knowledge by analysing how health systems are organised in Southeast Asia to address the health needs of forcibly displaced people.

Methods and findings
We conducted 30 semistructured interviews with health policy-makers, health service providers, and other experts working in the United Nations (n = 6), ministries and public health (n = 5), international (n = 9) and national civil society (n = 7), and academia (n = 3) based in Indonesia (n = 6), Malaysia (n = 10), Myanmar (n = 6), and Thailand (n = 8). Data were analysed thematically using deductive and inductive coding. Interviewees described the cumulative nature of health risks at each migratory phase. Perceived barriers to addressing migrants’ cumulative health needs were primarily financial, juridico-political, and sociocultural, whereas key facilitators were many health workers’ humanitarian stance and positive national commitment to pursuing universal health coverage (UHC). Across all countries, financial constraints were identified as the main challenges in addressing the comprehensive health needs of refugees and asylum seekers. Participants recommended regional and multisectoral approaches led by national governments, recognising refugee and asylum-seeker contributions, and promoting inclusion and livelihoods. Main study limitations included that we were not able to include migrant voices or those professionals not already interested in migrants.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is one of the first qualitative studies to investigate the health concerns and barriers to access among migrants experiencing forced displacement, particularly refugees and asylum seekers, in Southeast Asia. Findings provide practical new insights with implications for informing policy and practice. Overall, sociopolitical inclusion of forcibly displaced populations remains difficult in these four countries despite their significant contributions to host-country economies.
The magnitude of anemia and associated factors among adult diabetic patients in Tertiary Teaching Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2019, cross-sectional study
Authors: Hailu Nigus Alemu , Tolessa Tesfaye , Gufue Zenawi Hagos , Tsegay Etsay Weldekidan , Tekola Kidanemaryam Berhe 
Published: November 2020

Background
Patients with Diabetic Mellitus are at higher risk of different complications. Many previous studies show that anemia among diabetic patients is poorly diagnosed.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of anemia among adult diabetes patients having regular follow up at the diabetic clinic of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, 2018/19.

Methods
This study was conducted the Diabetic clinic of Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital, Tigray regional state, Northern Ethiopia from January to March 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. About 5 ml of venous blood was collected by experienced laboratory technologists under a complete aseptic technique. Two ml of the venous blood was used for hemoglobin determination. And three ml of the venous blood was used without any anticoagulant for creatinine determination. The association of variables was assessed using bivariate and multivariable analysis in the logistic regression model with p-value, odds ratio, and 95% CI in the SPSS version 24 software.

Results
From a total of 262 diabetes patients, forty-seven (17.9%) were found to be anemic (6.7% males and 11.5% females). Among the related factors, residency (Adjusted Odds Ratio, 7.69, 95% CI, 2.060, 28.69, p = 0.002,), age of the patients (Adjusted Odds Ratio, 4.007, 95%CI, 1.53–10.51, p = 0.005,) and sex (Adjusted Odds Ratio, 3.434, 95% CI, 1.582, 7.458, p = 0.042,) were significantly associated with anemia.

Conclusion
According to this study, the magnitude of anemia is high among diabetic patients. Occupation of the participants, residency, HIV status, being female, and age was significantly associated with anemia.
A differential expression of pyrethroid resistance genes in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus across Uganda is associated with patterns of gene flow
Authors: Sandeu Maurice Marcel , Mulamba Charles , Weedall Gareth D. , Wondji Charles S. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundInsecticide resistance is challenging the effectiveness of insecticide-based control interventions to reduce malaria burden in Africa. Understanding the molecular basis of insecticides resistance and patterns of gene flow in major malaria vectors such asAnopheles funestusare important steps for designing effective resistance management strategies. Here, we investigated the association between patterns of genetic structure and expression profiles of genes involved in the pyrethroid resistance inAn.funestusacross Uganda and neighboring Kenya.MethodsBlood-fed mosquitoesAn.funestuswere collected across the four localities in Uganda and neighboring Kenya. A Microarray-based genome-wide transcription analysis was performed to identify the set of genes associated with permethrin resistance. 17 microsatellites markers were genotyped and used to establish patterns of genetic differentiation.ResultsMicroarray-based genome-wide transcription profiling of pyrethroid resistance in four locations across Uganda (Arua, Bulambuli, Lira, and Tororo) and Kenya (Kisumu) revealed that resistance was mainly driven by metabolic resistance. The most commonly up-regulated genes in pyrethroid resistance mosquitoes include cytochrome P450s (CYP9K1,CYP6M7,CYP4H18,CYP4H17,CYP4C36). However, expression levels of key genes vary geographically such as the P450CYP6M7[Fold-change (FC) = 115.8 (Arua) vs 24.05 (Tororo) and 16.9 (Kisumu)]. In addition, several genes from other families were also over-expressed including Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), carboxylesterases, trypsin, glycogenin, and nucleotide binding protein which probably contribute to insecticide resistance across Uganda and Kenya. Genotyping of 17 microsatellite loci in the five locations provided evidence that a geographical shift in the resistance mechanisms could be associated with patterns of population structure throughout East Africa. Genetic and population structure analyses indicated significant genetic differentiation between Arua and other localities (FST>0.03) and revealed a barrier to gene flow between Arua and other areas, possibly associated with Rift Valley.ConclusionThe correlation between patterns of genetic structure and variation in gene expression could be used to inform future interventions especially as new insecticides are gradually introduced.