bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iridium‐Catalysed Reductive Deoxygenation of Ketones with Formic Acid as Traceless Hydride Donor
Authors: Yang Zhiheng , Zhu Xueya , Yang Shiyi , Cheng Weiyan , Zhang Xiaojian , Yang Zhanhui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn iridium‐catalysed deoxygenation of ketones and aldehydes is achieved, with formic acid as hydride donor and water as co‐solvent. At low catalyst loading, a number of 4‐(N,N‐disubstituted amino) aryl ketones are readily deoxygenated in excellent yields and chemoselectivity. Numerous functional groups, especially phenolic and alcoholic hydroxyls, secondary amine, carboxylic acid, and alkyl chloride, are well tolerable. Geminally dideuterated alkanes are obtained with up to 90% D incorporation, when DCO2D and D2O are used in place of their hydrogenative counterparts. The activating 4‐(N,N‐disubstituted amino)aryl groups have been demonstrated to undergo a variety of useful transformations. The deoxygenative deuterations have been used to prepare a deuterated drug molecule Chlorambucil‐4,4‐d2.magnified image
Controlling reaction rate of phase transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone by application of low external electric field
Authors: Wang Nan , Allgeier Alan M. , Weatherley Laurence R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe controllable mass transfer and reaction rate for phase transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone across a well‐defined boundary were investigated. The effect of solvent was found important and 1‐butanol exhibited the best performance among the five investigated homologous alcohol solvents, consistent with its higher solubility in water and greater dielectric constant. Initial reaction rates increased with increasing electric potential, consistent with enhanced mass transfer across the aqueous/organic boundary. At longer reaction times, deactivation was apparent. It correlated with increasing voltage and is ascribed to lower equilibrium concentration of reactive species at the interface. External control over reaction rate was demonstrated by switching the applied electric potential over the course of the reaction. Effects of external electric field on enantioselectivity were also explored with reversal field direction. The changes correlate with catalyst decomposition.
Visible Light Induced Bifunctional Rhodium Catalysis for Decarbonylative Coupling of Imides with Alkynes
Authors: Min Xiang‐Ting , Ji Ding‐Wei , Guan Yu‐Qing , Guo Shi‐Yu , Hu Yan‐Cheng , Wan Boshun , Chen Qing‐An 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTransition metal catalyzed decarbonylation offers a distinct synthetic strategy for new chemical bond formation. However, the π‐backbonding between CO π* orbitals and metal center d‐orbitals impedes ligand dissociation to regenerate the catalyst under mild reaction conditions. Developed here is visible light induced rhodium catalysis for decarbonylative coupling of imides with alkynes under ambient conditions. Initial mechanistic studies suggest that the rhodium complex simultaneously serves as the catalytic center and photosensitizer for decarbonylation. This visible light promoted catalytic decarbonylation strategy offers new opportunities for reviewing old transformations with ligand dissociation as a rate‐determining step.
Using Radiofrequency Technology to Prevent Retained Sponges and Improve Patient Outcomes
Authors: Primiano Mike , Sparks Deb , Murphy Jill , Glaser Kathleen , McNett Molly 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTRetained items (eg, sponges, sharps) after surgical procedures are reportable errors that can result in patient harm or death and increased patient and health care system costs. Perioperative use of radiofrequency (RF) technology may decrease the number of retained sponges and reduce hospital costs. We sought to determine whether the use of RF technology may be associated with fewer retained sponges, improved patient outcomes, and decreased hospital costs. We completed a retrospective evaluation of incident reports before and after implementing the use of an RF system for retained surgical sponges. We found that using RF technology was associated with fewer retained sponges and improved outcomes at our facility. We also determined that mortality rates before and after RF technology implementation were similar, and we estimated that our hospital’s costs were reduced.
Spectrally encoded microspheres for immunofluorescence analysis
Authors: Sankova Natalya , Shalaev Pavel , Semeykina Viktoriya , Dolgushin Sergey , Odintsova Elena , Parkhomchuk Ekaterina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA modern immunofluorescence analysis based on spectrally encoded microspheres has found numerous and constantly growing applications in disease diagnosis, environmental supervision, and fundamental science. Here we present an overview of microsphere‐based methods of multiplex immunofluorescence analysis and consider such important parameters of beads, that are crucial in most microsphere‐based immunoassays, as size distribution, fluorescence stability, magnetic properties, and particle material. The preparation methods of the microspheres with tunable diameter, the introduction of various types of fluorochromes, and magnetic particles into the microspheres are discussed in details. This review also addresses the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to implement technically bead‐based immunofluorescence analysis.
Evaluation of Information on Body Donation Promotion at Official Websites of Turkish Anatomy Departments
Authors: Ok Fatma , Gürses İlke Ali 
Published: September 2020

Raising public awareness of body donation is crucial for countries like Turkey that have struggling donation programs. The official websites of anatomy departments may contribute to achieving this goal. Nevertheless, previous studies reported institutional or individual reluctance of departments or anatomists, respectively, due to an expectation of adverse publicity. This study aimed to investigate whether the official websites of Turkish anatomy departments provided information on body donation and analyzed the content of these websites. Websites of anatomy departments at 100 medical faculties were evaluated. Only 12 departments (12%) provided information on body donation with varying content. A thematic analysis of the information provided revealed five main themes. These were (1) legal aspects, (2) significance, (3) acceptance/rejection criteria, (4) availability, and (5) redirection. All departments (n = 12, 100%) outlined the legal aspects of body donation, seven departments (58%) highlighted the significance of body donation, seven departments (58%) provided contact information for potential donors, five departments (41%) covered acceptance/rejection criteria, and three departments (25%) provided a link to the official website of the Turkish Society of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy. Thus, Turkish anatomy departments were reluctant to provide information on body donation, and the content of provided information varied greatly among departments. This lack of information, coordination, and participation in existing awareness activities for body donation in anatomy department websites may be contributing to the low numbers of body donations and donor registrations seen nationally.
Engineered TALE Repeats for Enhanced Imaging‐Based Analysis of Cellular 5‐Methylcytosine
Authors: Muñoz‐López Álvaro , Jung Anne , Buchmuller Benjamin , Wolffgramm Jan , Maurer Sara , Witte Anna , Summerer Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTranscription‐activator‐like effectors (TALEs) are repeat‐based, programmable DNA‐binding proteins that can be engineered to recognize sequences of canonical and epigenetically modified nucleobases. Fluorescent TALEs can be used for the imaging‐based analysis of cellular 5‐methylcytosine (5 mC) in repetitive DNA sequences. This is based on recording fluorescence ratios from cell co‐stains with two TALEs: an analytical TALE targeting the cytosine (C) position of interest through a C‐selective repeat that is blocked by 5 mC, and a control TALE targeting the position with a universal repeat that binds both C and 5 mC. To enhance this approach, we report herein the development of novel 5 mC‐selective repeats and their integration into TALEs that can replace universal TALEs in imaging‐based 5 mC analysis, resulting in a methylation‐dependent response of both TALEs. We screened a library of size‐reduced repeats and identified several 5 mC binders. Compared to the 5 mC‐binding repeat of natural TALEs and to the universal repeat, two repeats containing aromatic residues showed enhancement of 5 mC binding and selectivity in cellular transcription activation and electromobility shift assays, respectively. In co‐stains of cellular SATIII DNA with a corresponding C‐selective TALE, this selectivity results in a positive methylation response of the new TALE, offering perspectives for studying 5 mC functions in chromatin regulation by in situ imaging with increased dynamic range.
The possible double‐edged sword effects of vitamin D on COVID‐19: A hypothesis
Authors: Shojaeefar Ehsan , Malih Narges , Rezaei Nima 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) gains access to host cells by attaching to angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Vitamin D (VitD) can upregulate ACE2 and has an antagonistic effect on Renin, which exerts a vasodilatation and anti‐inflammatory effect against coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). However, it may also facilitate viral entry by increasing ACE2 as the main SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor and mediates ROS production through NADPH oxidase, as a double‐edged sword effect. Lung function and the immune system are also influenced by VitD through several mechanisms, including increased natural antibiotics (Defensin and Cathelicidin) and upregulated transforming growth factor‐β. A higher IgA, Th2/Th1 ratio, and T‐regulatory cells are attributable to VitD effects on the immune cells, while these changes may also be a double‐edged sword in COVID‐19. Although VitD supplementation might be highly recommended in COVID‐19, the administration's dosage and route could be challenging. Furthermore, this issue has not been mentioned in various studies so far. So, the report aimed to explain the current challenges with the application of VitD in COVID‐19.
The Effects of Platinum Dispersion and Pt State on Catalytic Properties of Pt/Al2O3 in NH3 Oxidation
Authors: Slavinskaya Elena M. , Kibis Lidiya S. , Stonkus Olga A. , Svintsitskiy Dmitry A. , Stadnichenko Andrei I. , Fedorova Elizaveta A. , Romanenko Anatolii V. , Marchuk Vasyl , Doronkin Dmitry E. , Boronin Andrei I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDependence of NH3 oxidation on the state and dispersion of Pt species in Pt/γ‐Al2O3 catalysts was investigated. Prereduced Pt/γ‐Al2O3 catalysts containing Pt0 nanoparticles exhibited significantly higher activity than preoxidized ones with the same Pt dispersion. The most significant improvement of the catalytic activity (TOF increased by 30 times) was observed when the size of Pt0 particles increased from ∼1 to ∼8 nm. N2 selectivity was found to be mainly determined by the reaction temperature, with a minor influence of Pt particle size. Preoxidized catalysts containing ionic Pt were activated by the reaction medium, while partial deactivation was observed for the prereduced ones. The activity improvement was associated with the presence of Pt4+/Pt2+ species on the surface of preoxidized catalysts. The activity decrease of the prereduced catalysts was due to the partial oxidation and subsequent redispersion of Pt particles. Introduction of H2O and CO2 to the reaction mixture only moderately influenced NH3 oxidation activity shifting NH3 conversion curves by about +15 °C.
The Synthesis and Bioactivity of the Marine Macrolide Callyspongiolide
Authors: Ko Kwang‐Yoon , Wilson Zoe E. , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCallyspongiolide, a macrolide natural product with a conjugated diene‐ynic side chain, has garnered significant attention from the synthetic community since its isolation from a sea sponge in 2013. Herein, the approaches that have been applied to this bioactive natural product to date are reviewed. These synthetic endeavors have established the absolute stereochemistry of this molecule and allowed further investigation into its promising caspase‐independent bioactivity, while also contributing to the wider field of macrolide synthesis.
Tuning the Thermal Stability and Photoisomerization of Azoheteroarenes through Macrocycle Strain**
Authors: Vela Sergi , Scheidegger Alan , Fabregat Raimon , Corminboeuf Clémence 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAzobenzene and its derivatives are one of the most widespread molecular scaffolds used in a range of modern applications, as well as in fundamental research. After photoexcitation, azo‐based photoswitches revert back to the most stable isomer on a timescale (
) that determines the range of potential applications. Attempts to bring
to extreme values prompted the development of azobenzene and azoheteroarene derivatives that either rebalance the E‐ and Z‐isomer stabilities, or exploit unconventional thermal isomerization mechanisms. In the former case, one successful strategy has been the creation of macrocycle strain, which tends to impact the E/Z stability asymmetrically, and thus significantly modify
. On the bright side, bridged derivatives have shown an improved optical switching owing to the higher quantum yields and absence of degradation. However, in most (if not all) cases, bridged derivatives display a reversed thermal stability (more stable Z‐isomer), and smaller
than the acyclic counterparts, which restricts their potential interest to applications requiring a fast forward and backwards switch. In this paper, the impact of alkyl bridges on the thermal stability of phenyl‐azoheteroarenes is investigated by using computational methods, and it is revealed that it is indeed possible to combine such improved photoswitching characteristics while preserving the regular thermal stability (more stable E‐isomer), and increased
values under the appropriate connectivity and bridge length.
Relationship between device‐detected subclinical atrial fibrillation and heart failure in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator
Authors: Arai Shuhei , Kawamura Mitsuharu , Gokan Toshihiko , Yoshikawa Kosuke , Ogawa Ko , Ochi Akinori , Munetsugu Yumi , Ito Hiroyuki , Shinke Toshiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a leading preventable cause of heart failure (HF) for which early detection and treatment is critical. Subclinical‐AF is likely to go untreated in the routine care of patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT‐D).HypothesisThe hypothesis of our study is that subclinical‐AF is associated with HF hospitalization and increasing an inappropriate therapy.MethodsWe investigated 153 patients with an ejection fraction less than 35%. We divided into three groups, subclinical‐AF (n = 30), clinical‐AF (n = 45) and no‐AF (n = 78). We compared the baseline characteristics, HF hospitalization, and device therapy among three groups. The follow‐up period was 50 months after classification of the groups.ResultsThe average age was 66 ± 15 years and the average ejection fraction was 26 ± 8%. Inappropriate therapy and biventricular pacing were significantly different between subclinical‐AF and other groups (inappropriate therapy: subclinical‐AF 13% vs clinical‐AF 8.9% vs no‐AF 7.7%: P = .04, biventricular pacing: subclinical‐AF 81% vs clinical‐AF 85% vs no‐AF 94%, P = .001). Using Kaplan‐Meier method, subclinical‐AF group had a significantly higher HF hospitalization rate as compared with other groups. (subclinical‐AF 70% vs clinical‐AF 49% vs no‐AF 38%, log‐rank: P = .03). In multivariable analysis, subclinical‐AF was a predictor of HF hospitalization.ConclusionsSubclinical‐AF after CRT‐D implantation was associated with a significantly increased risk of HF hospitalization. The loss of the biventricular pacing and increasing an inappropriate therapy might affect the risk of HF hospitalization.
A Theoretical Analysis on the Oxidation and Water Dissociation Resistance on Group‐IV Phosphide Monolayers
Authors: Wu Jie , Li Jia‐Hui , Yu Yang‐Xin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGroup‐IV phosphide monolayers (MP, M=C, Si, Ge and Sn) provide a versatile platform for photocatalysts, as well as optoelectronic and nanoelectronic devices. Herein, comprehensive first‐principles calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations were performed to explore their stabilities in the air. We identified that the MP monolayers have excellent mechanical properties and their carrier mobilities are higher than that of phosphorene. The MP monolayers were predicted to possess superior oxidation resistance than the boron phosphide (BP) monolayer based on the proposed donation–backdonation theory. It was observed that the dissociation and chemisorption of a water molecule on the monolayers are kinetically difficult both in the water and in oxygen–water environments involving energy barriers of 1.28–3.48 eV. We also performed AIMD simulations at 300, 1000, 1200 and 1500 K. It is noteworthy that only the carbon phosphide (CP) monolayer can retain an intact structure at 1500 K, while the other three monolayers can just sustain to 1200 K. These results provide a guidance for their practical application and experimental fabrication.
Homogeneous Catalysts Based on First‐Row Transition‐Metals for Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Lu‐Hua , Mathew Simon , Hessels Joeri , Reek Joost N. H. , Yu Fengshou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStrategies that enable the renewable production of storable fuels (i. e. hydrogen or hydrocarbons) through electrocatalysis continue to generate interest in the scientific community. Of central importance to this pursuit is obtaining the requisite chemical (H+) and electronic (e−) inputs for fuel‐forming reduction reactions, which can be met sustainably by water oxidation catalysis. Further possibility exists to couple these redox transformations to renewable energy sources (i. e. solar), thus creating a carbon neutral solution for long‐term energy storage. Nature uses a Mn−Ca cluster for water oxidation catalysis via multiple proton‐coupled electron‐transfers (PCETs) with a photogenerated bias to perform this process with TOF 100∼300 s−1. Synthetic molecular catalysts that efficiently perform this conversion commonly utilize rare metals (e. g., Ru, Ir), whose low abundance are associated to higher costs and scalability limitations. Inspired by nature‘s use of 1st row transition metal (TM) complexes for water oxidation catalysts (WOCs), attempts to use these abundant metals have been intensively explored but met with limited success. The smaller atomic size of 1st row TM ions lowers its ability to accommodate the oxidative equivalents required in the 4e−/4H+ water oxidation catalysis process, unlike noble metal catalysts that perform single‐site electrocatalysis at lower overpotentials (η). Overcoming the limitations of 1st row TMs requires developing molecular catalysts that exploit biomimetic phenomena – multiple‐metal redox‐cooperativity, PCET and second‐sphere interactions – to lower the overpotential, preorganize substrates and maintain stability. Thus, the ultimate goal of developing efficient, robust and scalable WOCs remains a challenge. This Review provides a summary of previous research works highlighting 1st row TM‐based homogeneous WOCs, catalytic mechanisms, followed by strategies for catalytic activity improvements, before closing with a future outlook for this field.
A new generalized cascade multilevel converter topology and its improved modulation technique
Authors: Shalchi Alishah Rasoul , Bertilsson Kent , Hosseini Seyyed Hossein , Babaei Ebrahim , Aalami Mohammadamin , Mohed Ali Jagabar Sathik , Gharehpetian Gevork B. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn this paper, a basic unit for the nine‐level converter is firstly presented. Then, a new developed basic unit topology for the multilevel converter is proposed. This topology comprises several bidirectional and unidirectional switches along with dc voltage sources. In order to increase the number of generated levels, a cascade topology based on the series connection of developed basic units is studied. Due to the extensive nature of the presented cascade multilevel converter, the optimization analysis is presented for generating the maximum number of levels with minimum numbers of IGBTs, drivers, dc voltage sources, and voltage on switches. All required mathematical analysis consisting of switching losses, conduction losses, and voltage on switches is illustrated. In order to indicate the merits of the proposed multilevel converter, comparison results are provided. It is shown that the presented topology uses the least numbers of power electronic components. Also, the voltage on the switches in the presented cascade topology is low. For controlling the switches, a modified triangular carrier signal for dual pulse generation is proposed. The performance of the proposed multilevel converter is proven with experimental results of a typical 25‐level converter.
Functional shifts in estuarine zooplankton in response to climate variability
Authors: Jansson Anna , Klais‐Peets Riina , Grinienė Evelina , Rubene Gunta , Semenova Anna , Lewandowska Aleksandra , Engström‐Öst Jonna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Functional traits are becoming more common in the analysis of marine zooplankton community dynamics associated with environmental change. We used zooplankton groups with common functional properties to assess long‐term trends in the zooplankton caused by certain environmental conditions in a highly eutrophicated gulf.

Time series of zooplankton traits have been collected since the 1960s in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea, and were analyzed using a combination of multivariate methods (principal coordinate analysis) and generalized additive models.

One of the most significant changes was the considerable increase in the amount of the zooplankton functional groups (FGR) in coastal springtime communities, and dominance shifts from more complex to simpler organism groups—cladocerans and rotifers.

The results also show that functional trait organism complexity (body size) decreased considerably due to cladoceran and rotifer increase following elevated water temperature. Salinity and oxygen had negligible effects on the zooplankton community.