bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE TRAJECTORY OF COMORBIDITY ON FUNCTIONAL STATUS IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE OF ELDERS
Authors: Pieper Carl , Bowling Barrett , Fillenbaum Gerda 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Duke Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (EPESE) study is a 1:7 random sample elderly over 65YO at baseline living in the Piedmont NC, followed yearly for 10 years beginning in1986. There were 4162 participants at baseline of which slightly over 1100 were still alive and responding at year 10. The participants self-reported on 5 comorbidities (cancer, high BP, diabetes, stroke and heart attack) at each year, as well as 4 functional scales - Katz, Rosow-Breslau, Nagi, and IADL scales. Using Mixed Models, the slope (trajectory) and intercept (level) of comorbidity over 10 years was estimated for each person, and correlated with the function scales in the final year. Correlations of the final comorbidity trajectory with the 4 functions levels ranged between 0.12 and 0.18, the trajectory with function ranged between 0.15 and 0.27. All p-values&lt;0.0001. The first Canonical Correlate of function with comorbidity was 0.28 (p&lt;0.0001). Slope and intercept were related jointly to each outcome and multivariately (p&lt;0.001 for the joint effects, controlling for race, gender, age, and years of education. The multimorbidity relationship with function differed by race (omnibus p-value for the raceXmultimorbidity interaction p=0.03 (by Wilk’s Lambda), controlling for the demographics). This method is an example of combining longitudinal and cross-sectional outcomes and shows that the change in number of comorbidities is associated with functional status level.
THE CLINICAL TRANSLATION OF SENSOR TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE PROVIDER AND PATIENT CARE: METHODS AND ACCEPTABILITY
Authors: Huisingh-Scheetz Megan , Xue Qianli , Schrack Jennifer A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sensor-based technologies are rapidly emerging and are capable of collecting objective, dynamic, and high resolution health data not captured in the clinical setting. However, the precise clinical applications of such devices are not yet well delineated; extensive challenges to their implementation remain. The objectives of this symposium are to highlight a) opportunities for sensor technology use in clinical practice, b) implementation challenges reported by key stakeholders, and c) an NIH/VA-sponsored initiative to create an open technology research platform to improve aging technology research. Dr. Young will discuss the novel application of wearable sensors for maintaining proper posture/position during patient transfer including the generation of sensor metrics defining proper lifting technique and body mechanics. Dr. Huisingh-Scheetz will report analytic strategies for identifying frailty using wrist-worn accelerometry data collected in the free-living environment in the NIA-supported National Social Life, Health and Aging Project dataset. She will report her work relating hourly activity and between/within subject hourly activity variance to frailty. Ms. Blinka will report qualitative feedback collected from patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers about their perspectives on the utility and challenges of using sensor technology in a clinical context. Dr. Kaye will discuss ongoing developments addressing challenges to implementing technology use in clinical care, with particular attention to the Collaborative Aging Research using Technology (CART) initiative supported by the NIH and VA. Collectively, these presentations will advance sensor technology to improve healthcare delivery.
THE INFLUENCE OF LIFE-EXTENDING MUTATION AND DIETARY INTERVENTION ON GUT MICROBIOTA
Authors: Masternak Michal , Wiesenborn Denise S , Schneider Augusto , Strowig Till , Schafer Karl –Herbert , Galvez Eric 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiota represents a large and complex ecological system of different microorganisms. Recently, there is an increasing interest in the impact of microbiota on development of different age-related diseases. We tested the changes of gut microbiota during development in long-living Ames dwarf (df/df) mice and we compared the effects of this life-extending mutation with the impact of calorie restriction (CR). Importantly, the analysis of microbiome showed significant differences in the ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes when comparing df/df and normal (N) mice (p&lt;0.001). The LefSe analysis showed distinct microbiome distribution between CR and ad libitum (AL) feeding regimen in N animals (p&lt;0.004), yet there was lack of similar changes in response to CR in df/df mice. In summary, our study showed significant genotype impact on gut microbiota and we showed that life-extending CR regimen provide divergent effects on gut microbiota in N when comparing with df/df mice.
THE IMPACT OF FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY ON HOSPITALIZATION SPENDING IN SINGAPORE
Authors: Chen Cynthia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Singapore is one of the fastest-aging populations due to increased life expectancy and lowered fertility. Lifestyle changes increase the burden of chronic diseases and disability. These have important implications for social protection systems. The goal of this paper is to model future functional disability and healthcare expenditures based on current trends. To project the health, disability and hospitalization spending of future elders, we adapted the Future Elderly Model (FEM) to Singapore. The FEM is a dynamic Markov microsimulation model developed in the US. Our main source of population data was the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS) consisting of 63,000 respondents followed up over three waves from 1993 to 2010. The FEM model enables us to investigate the effects of disability compounded over the lifecycle and hospitalization spending, while adjusting for competing risk of multi-comorbidities. Results indicate that by 2050, 1 in 6 older adults will have at least one ADL disability and 1 in 3 older adults will have at least one IADL disability, an increase from 1 in 12 elders and 1 in 5 elders respectively in 2014. The highest prevalence of functional disability will be in those aged 85 years and above. Lifetime hospitalization spending of elders aged 55 and above is US$24,400 (30.2%) higher among people with functional disability compared to those without disability. Policies that successfully tackle diabetes and promote healthy living may reduce or delay the onset of disability, leading to potential saving. In addition, further technological improvements may reduce the financial burden of disability.
RETURNING THE FAVOR: EXPECTATIONS OF CAREGIVING RECIPROCITY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG GRANDPARENTS
Authors: Bui Cindy N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study draws upon social capital and intergenerational reciprocity concepts to better understand how grandparents’ depressive symptoms are related to their provision of grandchild care, within the context of their expectations regarding adult children reciprocating caregiving needs in the future. Analyses used the 2014 Health and Retirement Study dataset. The sample consisted of 9,612 grandparents, 2,595 of whom were providing grandchild care. Linear regression models were used to analyze how depressive symptoms were influenced by grandchild care provision and expectations of future care from adult children. Future care is measured as expectations from (1) any adult child, and (2) from the same adult child for whom the older parent provides grandchild care. Provision of grandchild care was not significantly related to grandparents’ number of depressive symptoms. Among grandparents who provided grandchild care, both expecting any adult child and expecting the same adult child were associated with reporting fewer depressive symptoms. Expecting any adult child to provide future care showed a stronger effect than expecting the same adult child to provide future care. The results suggest that expectations of general reciprocity within the family system, rather than specific dyadic reciprocity, may be more important for a caregiving grandparent’s emotional well-being. Providing grandchild care while expecting future care from adult children can indicate a sense of social capital within an intergenerational family system. Expecting support reciprocity from adult children may be a protective factor that allows caregiving grandparents to feel more secure about their future care needs, and consequently, less depressed.
A TELEHEALTH DELIRIUM COACHING INTERVENTION FOR FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF OLDER ADULTS WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: D’Avolio Deborah A , Opalinski Andra , Newman David 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a telehealth coaching intervention for delirium prevention among family caregivers (FCs) of community-dwelling older adults with dementia. This study used an explanatory mixed methods design in which survey data was augmented with semi-structured interviews. A purposive sample of 20 older adult dyads participated. The intervention consisted of 6-weeks of telephone coaching sessions. FCs conducted daily delirium assessments. We employed correlations and GLM to investigate the relationships between variables and the outcomes. Results: The model showed a statistically significant positive correlation between the Human Connection Scale and the SF-36 pretest domain of general health (r= .47, p= .04). There were statistically significant positive correlations between the Human Connection Scale and the SF-36 posttest domains of physical functioning (r= .54, p= .014) and general health (r= .76, p&lt;.001). There were a small positive changes in mean scores on each domain between the pre- and post-test scores on the SF-36. The most impressive findings came from FCs identification of delirium using the FAM-CAM. These participants had no history of delirium but 6 of 20 (30%) reported at least one episode of delirium. The qualitative data revealed that FGs found weekly coaching sessions beneficial and supportive. The results suggests that the intervention has a meaningful impact on how we assess delirium in the community and warrants further study.
NUTRITIONAL INTAKE AND STATUS AND PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF OLDER ETHNIC MINORITIES: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Authors: Asamane Evans A , Greig Carolyn A , Thompson Janice L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There are limited longitudinal data regarding nutritional intake and status, and physical function in community-dwelling ethnically diverse older adults. This study explored these variables and their relationship at baseline (n=100) and after 8-months (n=81) among community-dwelling ethnically diverse older adults (≥60 years) in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Multiple pass 24-hour dietary recalls and the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form assessed nutritional intake and status, respectively. The Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB) and handgrip strength measured physical function. Linear and multinomial regression analyses were used to predict the relationship between nutritional intake, status and physical function. Mean(SD) age was 70(8.1) years (60% male), with 62% of the sample being obese. Significant decreases in intakes of vitamin B6(0.88-0.77mg/day, p=0.014); vitamin B1(0.73-0.63mg/day, p=0.029); iron(6.16-5.85mg/d, p=0.045); folate(113.23-106.66µg/d, p=0.043); and magnesium(154.54-144.59mg/d, p=0.031) occurred over time. At both timepoints, across sexes, daily intakes of all micronutrients except vitamin B12, phosphorus and manganese were below the Recommended Nutrient Intakes. There were significant declines in SPPB scores(Z=-4.01, p&lt;0.001) and nutritional status(Z=-2.37,p=0.018) over time. At baseline, younger age, better nutritional status, and higher vitamin D and fibre intakes were associated with higher SPPB scores. At follow-up, higher baseline SPPB scores (OR=0.54 95% CI:0.35, 0.81) were associated with reduced decline in nutritional status. The observed declines in nutritional status and physical function, and the inadequate nutrient intakes in the absence of weight loss within eight months pose serious challenges to healthy ageing. There is an urgent need to re-evaluate and tailor appropriate dietary advice for this population to support them to age healthily.
DO BLUEBERRIES ACTUALLY IMPROVE COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE? AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLICATION BIAS IN PUBLISHED RESEARCH
Authors: Brydges Christopher , Gaeta Laura 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A recent published systematic review (Hein et al., 2019) found that consumption of blueberries could improve memory, executive function, and psychomotor function in healthy children and adults, as well as adults with mild cognitive impairment. However, attention to questionable research practices (QRPs; such as selective reporting of results and/or performing analyses on data until statistical significance is achieved) has grown in recent years. The purpose of this study was to examine the results of the studies included in the review for potential publication bias and/or QRPs. p-curve and the test of insufficient variance (TIVA) were conducted on the 22 reported p values to test for evidential value of the published research, and publication bias and QRPs, respectively. The p-curve analyses revealed that the studies did not contain any evidential value for the effect of blueberries on cognitive ability, and the TIVAs suggested that there was evidence of publication bias and/or QRPs in the studies. Although these findings do not indicate that there is no relationship between blueberries and cognitive ability, more high-quality research that is pre-registered and appropriately powered is needed to determine whether a relationship exists at all, and if so, the strength of the evidence to support this association.
AGING KNOWLEDGE AND SELF-REPORTED AGEISM
Authors: Cherry Katie E , Erwin Marla J , Allen Priscilla D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The term, ageism, refers to any form of personal or institutional prejudice or discrimination based on chronological age. Ageism may encompass attitudes and prejudices, as well as behaviors, highlighting the complex nature of ageist behaviors observed among students and professionals alike (Allen, Cherry, & Palmore, 2009). We examined the prevalence of self-reported ageist behaviors in a sample of college students who ranged in age from 18 to 44 years to test the hypothesis that aging knowledge would be associated with self-reported ageist behaviors (positive and negative). The study sample was comprised of adults who were enrolled in classes at Louisiana State University (n = 110). Most of these students were traditional aged college students (18-25 years old). Participants completed the Relating to Older People Evaluation (ROPE; Cherry & Palmore, 2008), the Facts on Aging Quiz (FAQ; Palmore, 1998), and the Knowledge of Memory Aging Questionnaire (KMAQ: Cherry et al., 2003). Results indicated that positive ageist behaviors were more frequent than negative ageist behaviors. Men endorsed positive and negative ageism items more than women reported. Follow-up analyses on participants’ responses to the two aging knowledge questionnaires showed that increased knowledge of aging was significantly correlated with diminished reports of negative ageist behaviors, after controlling for age and gender. These results imply that self-reported ageist behaviors are associated with aging knowledge. Strengthening college curricula by including course offerings in adult development and aging may improve self-reported ageist behaviors among college students.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS AND FINANCIAL HARDSHIP
Authors: Marshall Gillian , Bryson William , Rostant Ola , Canham Sarah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective: To identify associations between modifiable risk factors (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity) and financial hardship (difficulty paying bills, food insecurity and medication need) among middle-aged and older Americans in a nationally representative sample. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 8,212 persons age 50 years and older who completed the core 2010 Health and Retirement Study survey and the psychosocial questionnaire. We ran separate multinomial logistic regressions to assess the association of three modifiable risk factors and three different financial hardship indicators. Results: Adjusting for all covariates, compared to men of normal weight, men who were obese had a 1.4 greater odds of difficulty paying their bills (95% CI: 1.08-1.76); former smokers had a 1.8 greater odds of being food insecure (95% CI: 1.05-2.95); current smokers were twice as likely to be food insecure (95% CI: 1.21-3.73); Compared to women who never smoked, current smokers had a 1.5 greater odds of having difficulty paying their bills (95% CI: 1.11-2.02); current smokers had a 1.8 greater odds of being food insecure (95% CI: 1.13-2.91); and women who were obese had a 1.5 greater odds of reducing medication due to cost (95% CI: 1.11, 2.02). Conclusion: Our findings contribute to the literature on health behaviors and financial hardship by highlighting the cyclical nature between different indicators of socioeconomic status, modifiable risk factors, and poor health outcomes among middle-aged and older adults. Furthermore, findings highlight how modifiable risk factors may culminate in financial hardship in later life.
RECONSIDERING PROTECTIVE FACTORS OF SUICIDALITY IN OLDER ADULTHOOD: RESULTS FROM THE CDC NVDRS NATIONAL DATASET
Authors: Bower Kyle L , Emerson Kerstin G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Existing literature comprehensively addresses the issue of suicide; however, there is still much to be understood concerning this phenomenon in later life. For instance, suicide rates are particularly high for older agricultural workers, yet there remains considerable ambiguity concerning the factors contributing to this public health crisis. We conducted exploratory analyses with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) 2003-2017 dataset. We identified a sample of individuals who committed suicide while working in the agricultural sector (N= 2,106). We coded “farmer” as anyone who worked in the agricultural sector at their time of death, or prior. The majority (&gt;90%) of the sample was Caucasian male, and approximately 38% was age 65 and older. We also found that 40% of farmers were married (or in a domestic partnership) at the time of death. Specifically, of those 65 and older, 26% were married at the time of death (second largest majority as 70% were widowed). This finding is particularly interesting as marriage or long-term partnerships have been shown in the literature to be a protective health factor in later life, especially for older men. Our findings regarding marital status suggest that having a significant other may not be the most critical relationship for suicide prevention. Future mental health interventions should explore alternative social connections as a means to identify more effective methods of preventing suicide in this vulnerable population.
GENDER DIFFERENCES ACROSS THE AGING SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL AND THE FRABONI SCALE OF AGEISM
Authors: Intrieri Robert C , Dunterman Rebecca A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare attitudes about aging between groups of raters categorized by gender, using the Aging Semantic Differential (ASD; Rosencrantz & McNevin, 1969) and the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA, Fraboni, Saltstone, & Hughes, 1990). The current study assesses the relationships between the four factors of Aging Semantic Differential (ASD; Instrumentality, Autonomy, Acceptability, and Integrity) as well as the three factors of the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA; Antilocution, Discrimination, and Avoidance) across gender groups. The convenience sample consisted of 471 undergraduate students, with a mean age of 19.68 (SD = 2.28). The mean age for men was 19.88 (SD = 3.31) and for women was 19.56 (SD = 1.37). A series of four ANOVAs were conducted using the ASD factors. Results showed significance for the ASD-Instrumental (F(1, 470) = 4.922, p = .027); ASD-Acceptability F(1, 470) = 8.616, p = .003), and the ASD-Integrity factors F(1, 470) = 4.475, p = .035). Men endorsed more positive attitudes than women on both the Acceptability and Integrity factors. Women endorsed more positive attitudes on the Instrumental factor. Similar ANOVAs were conducted across the three Fraboni Scale of Ageism factors. Significant differences between men and women were only obtained across the Avoidance factor (F(1, 470) = 12.187, p = .001) with endorsing higher avoidance scores than women. Taken together these results show differential effects across three ASD factors between men and women while men demonstrated higher scores on the FSA Avoidance scale.
PSYCHOSOCIAL PREDICTORS OF THE GENDER DIFFERENCE IN DEPRESSION OF OLDER ADULTS IN THE ORANJ BOWL PANEL
Authors: Ferri Christine V , Yang Kaite , Girgus Joan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recent reviews show that the gender difference in depressive symptoms that emerges in adolescence persists in older adults (Girgus, Yang & Ferri, 2017; Salk, Hyde & Abramson, 2017). However, researchers have yet to explain why this gender difference occurs in older adults and if it is for the same reasons as in younger ages. The present study used data collected from 3008 participants over the age of 60 (M=66.45, SD=4.36) from the baseline wave of the ORANJ BOWL, a longitudinal study based in New Jersey (Pruchno, Wilson-Genderson, Rose, & Cartwright, 2010). Depressive symptoms were measured with the CES-D. Six psychosocial predictors of the gender difference in depression were analyzed: functional ability, social support, perceived financial comfort, income level, marital status, and living alone. Women reported significantly more depressive symptoms compared to men (p&lt;.001). Women had significantly lower functional ability, physical health, financial comfort, income level, but more social support than men (all p’s&lt;.02). Women were more likely to live alone and to be separated, divorced, or widowed (all p’s&lt;.001). Significant interactions for gender x functional ability, gender x social support, and gender x living alone were found in predicting depression using hierarchical linear regression. Living alone and poor function were more detrimental for men than women. Low social support was more detrimental for women than men. Understanding the gender difference in depressive symptoms will allow for targeted screening and preventative interventions for women and men at highest risk for depression.