bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prediction model for outcome in patients with HBV-ACLF based on predisposition, injury, response and organ failure
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Zou Zhengsheng , Shen Lijun , Wu Weiwei , Luo Jiajun , Lankford Seth , Yang Yongli , Huang Huang , You Shaoli , Zhu Bing , Li Jin , Mu Jinsong , Zhang Yawei , Xin Shaojie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe aimed to develop a prediction model based on the PIRO concept (Predisposition, Injury, Response and Organ failure) for patients with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). 774 patients with HBV related ACLF defined in the CANONIC study were analyzed according to PIRO components. Variables associated with mortality were selected into the prediction model. Based on the regression coefficients, a score for each PIRO component was developed, and a classification and regression tree was used to stratify patients into different nodes. The prediction model was then validated using an independent cohort (n = 155). Factors significantly associated with 90-day mortality were: P: age, gender and ACLF type; I: drug, infection, surgery, and variceal bleeding; R: systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), spontaneous bacteria peritonitis (SBP), and pneumonia; and O: the CLIF consortium organ failure score (CLIF-C OFs). The areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve (95% confidence interval) for the combined PIRO model for 90-day mortality were 0.77 (0.73–0.80). Based on the scores for each of the PIRO components and the cut-offs estimated from the classification and regression tree, patients were stratified into different nodes with different estimated death probability. Based on the PIRO concept, a new prediction model was developed for patients with HBV related ACLF, allowing stratification into different clusters using the different scores obtained in each PIRO component. The proposed model will likely help to stratify patients at different risk, defining individual management plans, assessing criteria for specific therapies, and predicting outcomes.
NMR-based metabolic profiling provides diagnostic and prognostic information in critically ill children with suspected infection
Authors: Grauslys Arturas , Phelan Marie M. , Broughton Caroline , Baines Paul B. , Jennings Rebecca , Siner Sarah , Paulus Stephane C. , Carrol Enitan D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSepsis, defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by infection is difficult to distinguish clinically from infection or post-operative inflammation. We hypothesized that in a heterogeneous group of critically ill children, there would be different metabolic profiles between post-operative inflammation, bacterial and viral infection and infection with or without organ dysfunction. 1D1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were acquired in plasma samples from critically ill children. We included children with bacterial (n = 25) and viral infection (n = 30) and controls (n = 58) (elective cardiac surgery without infection). Principal component analysis was used for data exploration and partial least squares discriminant analysis models for the differences between groups. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values were used to evaluate the models. Univariate analysis demonstrated differences between controls and bacterial and viral infection. There was excellent discrimination between bacterial and control (AUC = 0.94), and viral and control (AUC = 0.83), with slightly more modest discrimination between bacterial and viral (AUC = 0.78). There was modest discrimination (AUC = 0.73) between sepsis with organ dysfunction and infection with no organ dysfunction. In critically ill children, NMR metabolomics differentiates well between those with a post-operative inflammation but no infection, and those with infection (bacterial and viral), and between sepsis and infection.
Weak orogenic lithosphere guides the pattern of plume-triggered supercontinent break-up
Authors: Dang Zhuo , Zhang Nan , Li Zheng-Xiang , Huang Chuan , Spencer Christopher J. , Liu Yebo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe importance of nonrigid geological features (such as orogens) inside tectonic plates on Earth’s dynamic evolution lacks thorough investigation. In particular, the influence of continent-spanning orogens on (super)continental break-up remains unclear. Here we reconstruct global orogens and model their controlling effects on Pangea break-up. We show that while loci of Pangea break-up are linked to mantle plumes, development of continental rifts is guided by orogens. Rifting at Central Atlantic is driven by the modelled plume responsible for the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) within Pangea-forming orogens. South Atlantic rifting is controlled by necking between Pangea- and Gondwana-forming orogens with the assistance of plume-induced lithospheric weakening. Without CAMP-induced weakening, South Atlantic rifting fails between the West African and Amazonian cratons, but occurs between the West African and Saharan cratons instead. Our modeling on Pangea break-up is able to recreate present-day continental geometry through the combined effect of orogens and plume center-locations.
Air‐core dry‐type shunt reactor protection based on an alternative current alpha plane
Authors: Almeida Maria Leonor Silva de , Peres Larissa Marques , Santos Guilherme Gomes dos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes an alternative current alpha plane protection for shunt reactors, which is able to identify internal faults, including turn‐to‐turn faults. The proposed algorithm is based only on zero sequence and neutral currents, eliminating the need for voltage measurements. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is based on an alternative current alpha plane, where the restraint characteristic is defined simply as its left half‐plane, in such a way that minimal settings are required. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, the Alternative Transients Program was used to simulate different internal faults into an air‐core dry‐type shunt reactor connected to a 230 kV/60 Hz transmission line. The proposed algorithm performance was compared with the restricted earth fault function. From the obtained results, it is demonstrated that the proposed protection properly operates in turn‐to‐ground and turn‐to‐turn faults with operation times shorter than one power cycle, even for 1% of short‐circuited turns. On the other hand, restricted earth fault function failed to operate in some of these cases. The proposed algorithm ensured the integrity of the air‐core dry‐type shunt reactors in all evaluated scenarios, correctly restraining in all simulated external faults (including cases with current transformer saturation). Thus, the proposed algorithm is considered a reliable and promising alternative for shunt reactors protection.
Introduction: Development, Young People, and the Social Production of Aspirations
Authors: Huijsmans Roy , Ansell Nicola , Froerer Peggy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this editorial introduction to the Special Issue Youth, Aspirations and the Life Course: Development and the social production of aspirations in young people’s lives, we put the work presented in this collection in conversation with the wider literature on development, youth and aspirations. Aspiration we define as an orientation towards a desired future. We elaborate on our conceptualisation of aspirations as socially produced and reflect on the methodological challenges in researching young people’s aspirations in development. While mindful of the various critiques of aspiration research we argue that aspirations constitute fertile terrain for theorising the temporal dynamics of being young and growing up in contexts of development.
Single-molecule and in silico dissection of the interaction between Polycomb repressive complex 2 and chromatin
Authors: Leicher Rachel , Ge Eva J. , Lin Xingcheng , Reynolds Matthew J. , Xie Wenjun , Walz Thomas , Zhang Bin , Muir Tom W. , Liu Shixin 
Published: November 2020

SignificancePolycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a major epigenetic machinery that maintains transcriptionally silent heterochromatin in the nucleus and plays critical roles in embryonic development and oncogenesis. It is generally thought that PRC2 propagates repressive histone marks by modifying neighboring nucleosomes in strictly linear progression. However, the behavior of PRC2 on native-like chromatin substrates remains incompletely characterized, making the precise mechanism of PRC2-mediated heterochromatin maintenance elusive. Here we use single-molecule force spectroscopy and computational modeling to dissect the interactions between PRC2 and polynucleosome arrays. Our results provide direct evidence that PRC2 can simultaneously engage nonadjacent nucleosome pairs. The demonstration of PRC2's ability to bridge noncontiguous chromosomal segments furthers our understanding of how Polycomb complexes spread epigenetic modifications and compact chromatin.
Structure and regulation of the BsYetJ calcium channel in lipid nanodiscs
Authors: Li Chieh-Chin , Kao Te-Yu , Cheng Chu-Chun , Chiang Yun-Wei 
Published: November 2020

Significance
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as the major intracellular calcium store. The release of calcium from this store regulates a variety of cellular functions, hence playing a key role in regulating apoptosis. The transmembrane BAX inhibitor-1 motif-containing 6 (TMBIM6) is an evolutionarily conserved multifunctional ER membrane protein that mediates calcium homeostasis to protect against apoptosis and ER stress. We study a bacterial homolog of TMBIM6 and report several previously unidentified conformational substates involved in the calcium transport process. Our findings stimulate a model of calcium-release channel showing that membrane protein functioning requires the interconversion between distinct conformations in preexisting conformational equilibria.
Student teachers’ expectations and their sense of fulfillment in a TESOL program
Authors: Mori Yoko , Stracke Elke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Student expectations have increasingly become a focus in Second Language Acquisition research. This study takes a
closer look at student teachers’ expectations in a Master of Arts TESOL program at an Australian university to investigate their
expectations and sense of fulfillment of these expectations. We employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design and
conducted a questionnaire (N = 31) and interviews (N = 6) with student teachers. The results
show that student teachers expect a well-balanced curriculum of theory and practice and consider teaching practice their top
priority. While the expectations of most TESOL student teachers are met, different language profiles can lead to different
expectations and potential conflict. Contrary to most previous research, this study showed that unmet expectations do not
necessarily lead to unfavorable outcomes because of the student teachers’ ability to adjust in various ways. The study concludes
with a discussion of implications for practice and future research.
On verbal and situational irony
Authors: Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez Francisco José , Lozano-Palacio Inés 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter treats the notion of ironic echo as
subsidiary to the broader notion of epistemic
scenario, which applies to both verbal and situational
irony. In verbal irony, the existence of an epistemic scenario takes
the shape of a pretended agreement with someone’s
beliefs, which can be materialized in agreement expressions of
various kinds including echoic mentions. In situational irony, the
epistemic scenario is built on a generally reliable assumption about
a state of affairs. Finally, situational irony can be embedded
within a communicative context, an observation which allows for a
classification of ironic types that overrides the traditional verbal
irony-situational irony dichotomy. The resulting account provides a
single unified framework for the study of irony.
Measuring the impact of (non)figurativity in the cultural
conceptualization of emotions in the two main national varieties of
Portuguese
Authors: Soares da Silva Augusto 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter investigates the impact of
conceptual metaphor on the cultural variation of emotions in
European and Brazilian Portuguese (EP/BP). Adopting a usage-based,
sociocognitive view of language and applying a corpus-based and
profile-based methodology, this study combines a multifactorial
usage-feature and metaphorical profile analysis of 1,100 examples of
anger and pride with their subsequent
multivariate statistics modeling. BP seems more connected with
complaining anger and the metaphorically unrestrained and
perceptible manifestation of anger. Also, BP is closer to
self-centered pride and the metaphorically visible manifestation of
pride. In contrast, EP seems more akin to violent and interpersonal
anger and the metaphorically profiled somatization of anger. Also,
EP is more associated with other-directed pride and the
personification of pride as an honored person. These statistically
significant associations are consistent with the more
individualistic, indulgent, and emotionally expressive culture of
Brazil and the more collectivistic and restrained culture of
Portugal.
Perfect and negation
Authors: Arkadiev Peter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
I analyze the interaction of the periphrastic
perfect and negation in Lithuanian, where the negative prefix can
attach both to the auxiliary and to the lexical verb. I argue that
the position of negation correlates with its semantic scope with
respect to the perfect. The Lithuanian data are compared to those of
the genetically related and geographically neighbouring languages,
such as Latvian, Slavic vernaculars and Baltic Finnic, as well as to
a number of similar phenomena in different languages of Eurasia that
possess constructions expressing the low scope of negation with
respect to the perfect or resultative.
The functions of the auxiliary ‘have’ in Australian English vivid
narratives
Authors: Ritz Marie-Eve , Richard Sophie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present chapter builds on earlier work
showing that the Present Perfect (PP) in Australian English (AusE)
narratives and police media reports has acquired some of the
functions of the Simple Past (SP). It focuses more specifically on
subject-auxiliary ellipsis in sequences of non-standard PP clauses
with the aim of better understanding auxiliary scope in such
segments. Our data are taken from three corpora of oral narratives
and one corpus of written media reports. We argue that the
auxiliary, in its full or cliticized form, serves as a marker of
saliency, highlighting a speaker’s subjectivity, and that it has
acquired discourse segmenting functions for some speakers. Both
increased subjectivity and widening of scope are consistent with
principles of semantic change.
Assessment of High-temperature Component Containing Multiple Flaws
Authors: Si Jun , Ren Facai , Ren Bin , Tang Xiaoying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Multiple flaws are often found in many high-temperature components. The interaction of multiple flaws may significantly affects service life of high-temperature components. Flaws re-characterization rules for multiple flaws have been proposed in ASME and BS7910. However, most rules are formulated according to the elastic fracture parameter. Due to the different failure mechanism among linear-elastic stress conditions, elastic-plastic conditions and high-temperature creep conditions, the interacting behavior of components containing multiple flaws is also different. Therefore, it is the important to investigate the interacting behavior of multiple flaws under the high-temperature creep conditions. In the current work, the high-temperature creep fracture parameter is calculated for plate containing multiple flaws by using the finite element analysis (FEA) under the tensile load. Based on these analyses, the new re-characterization rules are proposed to exclude the non-conservativeness caused by the current re-characterization rules in high-temperature creep conditions for heat-resistant steel. The coalescence rule for collinear cracks is S≤2.5a, and the parallel cracks can be treated as collinear cracks for all distance S when the equation h≥a is satisfied.
Microstructure Change in Welded TiNi Alloys
Authors: Wang Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Due to the obvious change of the weld structure and the original base metal structure after laser processing, under the action of instantaneous high energy density laser beam, the weld structure is coarse and the strength, plasticity and toughness are reduced. Compared with the base metal, the microstructure of the alloy after laser welding was studied by experiment.
Microstructure and brazing mechanism of TiAl/Ni-based superalloy joints using Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co-Mo-B filler metal with different cooling rates
Authors: Wan Bao , Li Xiaoqiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For the purpose of elevated temperature service and weight reduction in aerospace vehicle applications, a novel Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co-Mo-B filler metal was employed to join TiAl to Ni-based superalloy (GH536). The effect of cooling rate on interfacial microstructure of the joints were analysed by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The representative joint microstructure was primarily composed of six characteristic layers, including TiAl substrate / B2 / τ3 (Al3NiTi2) / τ4 (AlNi2Ti) / Cr-rich (Cr, Ni, Fe)ss, τ4 (AlNi2Ti), Ni-rich (Cr, Ni, Fe)ss and TiNi3) / GH536 substrate. With the decrease of cooling rate in the range of furnace cooling-5 °C/min, the joint shear strength firstly increased and then decreased. The joint brazed at 1170 °C for 10 min and cooling to 870 °C with 10 °C/min obtained the maximum shear strength of 252 MPa and the shear fracture mainly occurred in τ3 phase area.
Recrystallization–precipitation interaction of a Ti microalloyed steel with controlled rolling process
Authors: Chen Songjun , Li Liejun , Xia Jinian , Peng Zhengwu , Gao Jixiang , Sun Haibo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The interaction between austenite static recrystallization and strain induced precipitation of a Ti microalloyed steel deformed in the non-recrystallization region was investigated by two-stage interrupted compression method and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The softening rate curves of austenite were obtained by the true stress-strain curves of the two-pass of deformation. Results showed that the softening rates increased with increasing deformation temperatures. The softening rate curve exhibited a “S” shaped, and the static recrystallization was completed in 300 s when deformed at 1000°C, while deformed temperatures were lower than 950°C, the softening rates dropped sharply and increased very slowly as pass inter time increased. At 975°C or below, platforms appeared in softening curves, which implied strain-induced precipitates occurred during the isothermal process after the first deformation. The shortest incubation time of strain-induced precipitates was about 78 s when deformed at 925°C. Based on TEM results, strain-induced precipitates were found to be mainly distributed at dislocations and the diameters of the particles precipitated at dislocations were obviously larger than those of precipitated in other nucleation sites due to the effective route for the diffusion of Ti element. Evolution of austenite grains morphologies showed that the static recrystallization of deformed austenite was strongly inhibited by strain-induced precipitation and occurred again after the strain-induced precipitation finished.
Effect of sputtering gas pressure on the performance of WO3 thin films electrochromic device
Authors: Zhao Lin , Song Shipai , Li Le 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
WO3 films were deposited on transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) glass under different working pressure conditions via radio frequency magnetron sputtering technology, and their electrochromic properties were studied. The morphology, electrochromic cyclic voltammetry characteristics, and light modulation properties of the films were studied using a scanning electron microscope, an electrochemical test station, and an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The transmittance modulation amplitude increases first and then decreases with the change of sputtering gas pressure, reaching the maximum transmittance modulation amplitude at 1.0 Pa. For the response time, the increase in sputtering gas pressure also shows a change of shortening and then increasing. By comprehensively considering the stability of the transmittance modulation amplitude and the stability of the response time, it can be found that as the sputtering gas pressure increases, the stability of the device’s electrochromic performance increases first and then decreases. Therefore, the sputtering gas pressure needs to be maintained in a relatively reasonable range. When it is too high or too low, it is not conducive to achieving good stability.
Microstructure and Performance Control of High strength and High Toughness Ti-Nb Microalloyed Marine Steel Plate
Authors: Gao Jixiang , Liao Daobiao , Li Liejun , Zhou Feng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Adopting Ti-Nb microalloying design technology, this paper studied the austenitic recrystallization law of Marine steel plate, control rolling process, control cooling process and steel normalizing process control systematically. The thickest 60 mm special Marine steel plate developed which has reached the yield strength of 420MPa and charpy impact energy of more than 200J (-20°C), has high strength, impact toughness, lamellar tear resistance and good welding performance, meeting the technical requirements of thick specification high strength and high toughness special Marine steel plate and realizing the application in large ships.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of B4C matrix composites sintered with (TiB2+Al)
Authors: Song Qi , Zhang Zhao-Hui , Yin Shi-Pan , Hu Zheng-Yang , Wang Hao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The B4C matrix composites were obtained with the addition of (24.5 % TiB2+2 % Al) using spark plasma sintering method at 1600 °C with the pressure of 80 MPa for 5 min. Compared with the monolithic B4C ceramics, due to the (24.5 % TiB2+2 % Al) additive in B4C matrix composite, the densification temperature of B4C matrix composite was obviously decreased and the flexural strength was significantly improved. The B4C matrix composites exhibited the high flexural strength of 528 MPa, and a moderate Vickers hardness of 24.2 Gpa. The excellent flexural strength attributed to the second phases in the composites can prevent the cracks from extending and the energy disspation effect resulted from the intergranular fracture.
Study on concrete beams under the action of steel corrosion and freeze-thaw cycles
Authors: hongming Wang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to study the effect of rust - freeze coupling on the flexural bearing capacity of concrete beams, a rapid corrosion test, rapid freeze-thaw test and a rust - freezing coupling test were carried out for 18 model beams. Under the joint action of the corrosion of steel bars and the freeze-thaw cycle, the yield strength ratio of the test beam decreases with the increase of rust rate and freeze-thaw cycle, resulting in the decrease of its resistance to deformation. Based on the present proposed calculation formula under the action of corrosion and freeze-thaw cycles, through comparing and analyzing experimental data to establish the a new calculation model under the action of the reinforcement corrosion and the freeze-thaw cycle of flexural bearing capacity.