bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D
esulfonema
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

De.sul.fo.ne'ma. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; Gr. neut. n.
nema
, thread; N.L. neut. n.
Desulfonema
thread‐forming sulfate reducer.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfococcaceae / Desulfonema

Cells arranged in uniseriate, multicellular, flexible filaments with gliding motility. Filaments are 2.5–3.0 μm in diameter and sometimes about 2 mm in length; the nearly cylindrical cells are 2.5–3 μm long. Cross‐walls are confirmed by microscopy. Granules of poly‐β‐hydroxyalkanoic acid are commonly stored. Filaments are always attached to surfaces that serve as substrata for gliding motility. Cell‐wall characteristics of Gram‐negative bacteria have been revealed by electron microscopy of ultrathin sections even though Gram stain may be positive in some instances and cells unequally stained. The outer membrane has a wavy structure. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs or chemolithoautotrophs, using acetate and higher monocarboxylic acids up to C
14
, fumarate, and succinate as electron donors and carbon sources. Lactate, pyruvate, and some iso‐fatty acids may also serve as organic substrates. Organic substrates are completely oxidized to CO
2
via carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CO‐DH] and the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. For chemolithoautotrophic growth, H
2
can serve as the electron donor and CO
2
as the carbon source. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Elemental sulfur does not serve as an electron acceptor but is inhibitory. Growth does not occur by fermentation in the absence of an external electron acceptor. Mesophilic. Optimal growth temperature, 30°C. Grows in simple defined media containing a reductant. Vitamins are required for growth. The addition of >15 g/l NaCl and >2 g/l MgCl
2
·6H
2
O is required for growth.

DNA G + C content (mol%):
34.5 (
T
m
), 38.2 (genome).

Type species
:
Desulfonema limicola
Widdel 1980, VL7.
D
esulfocurvus
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

De.sul.fo.cur'vus. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; N.L. pref.
desulfo
‐ desulfuricating, used to characterize a dissimilatory sulfate‐reducing prokaryote; L. masc. adj.
curvus
curved; N.L. masc. n.
Desulfocurvus
a curved sulfate‐reducing bacterium.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfovibrionaceae / Desulfocurvus

Cells are vibrio‐ or rod‐shaped, 0.5 × 3.0–7.0 μm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum. Strictly anaerobic, having both a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic or chemolithoheterotrophic (one species). Simple organic compounds like lactate and pyruvate are used as electron donors and carbon sources; organic compounds are incompletely oxidized to acetate. Formate and H
2
are electron donors with acetate as a carbon source, allowing chemolithoheterotrophic growth by one species. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Sulfur and nitrate are not used. In the absence of an external electron acceptor, growth may occur by fermentation of pyruvate. Mesophilic, the optimum temperature range for growth is 37–40°C. Media containing a reductant are required for growth. Occur in anoxic waters or sediments of deep aquifers and sludge treatment plants.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67.2–70.0 (LC, genome)

Type species
:
Desulfocurvus vexinensis
Klouche et al. 2009
VP
.
A
naerobium
Authors: Patil Yogita , Junghare Madan , Pester Michael , Müller Nicolai , Schink Bernhard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

An.a.e.ro'bi.um. Gr. pref.
an
indicating a negation; Gr. masc. or fem. n.
aer
air; Gr. masc. n.
bios
life. N.L. neut. n.
Anaerobium
an anaerobic life form.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Lachnospiraceae / Anaerobium

Gram‐stain‐positive, strictly anaerobic bacterium, non‐sporeforming, chemoorganotrophic. Cells are long rods, found singly or in pairs. Reproduce by normal cell division. Fermentative metabolism, saccharolytic. Growth observed with gluconate and glucose in addition to a wide range of other carbohydrates. Major end products of fermentation include acetate, formate, and ethanol. The whole‐cell fatty acids consist of a mixture of straight‐chain saturated and monounsaturated acids, mainly C
14:0
, C
16:0
, and C
18:1
ω7
c
. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the genus
Anaerobium
represents a separate lineage within the family

Lachnospiraceae

. The type strain
Anaerobium acetethylicum
was isolated from a biogas reactor.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 44.1 (based on HPLC) and 43.5 (based on draft genome sequence).

Type species:
Anaerobium acetethylicum
Patil et al. 2015
VP
.
F
astidiosibacter
Authors: Salam Nimaichand , Xiao Min , Li Wen‐Jun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Fas.ti.di.o.si.bac'ter. L. masc. adj.
fastidiosus
fastidious; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
rod; N.L. masc. n.
Fastidiosibacter
a fastidious rod.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiotrichales / Fastidiosibacteraceae / Fastidiosibacter

The genus
Fastidiosibacter
is classified as a member of the family
Fastidiosibacteraceae
, order
Thiotrichales
, in the class
Gammaproteobacteria
. Closely related members of the genus
Fasitidiosibacter
on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence identities are members of the genera
Cysteiniphilum
,
Facilibium
,
Fangia,
and
Caedibacter
. Members of the genus
Fastidiosibacter
are
fastidious
, aerobic, Gram‐stain‐negative, and exhibit coccobacillus morphology. The dominant respiratory quinone of the genus
Fastidiosibacter
is
ubiquinone‐8
. Other chemotaxonomic features include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipid profiles, and anteiso‐C
15:0
and C
18:0
as the major fatty acids.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 36.3 (genome); 37.1 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Fastidiosibacter lacustris
Xiao et al. 2018
VP
.
Use of surface‐guided radiation therapy in combination with IGRT for setup and intrafraction motion monitoring during stereotactic body radiation therapy treatments of the lung and abdomen
Authors: Heinzerling John H. , Hampton Carnell J. , Robinson Myra , Bright Megan , Moeller Benjamin J , Ruiz Justin , Prabhu Roshan , Burri Stuart H. , Foster Ryan D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeMultiple techniques can be used to assist with more accurate patient setup and monitoring during Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatment. This study analyzes the accuracy of 3D surface mapping with Surface‐guided radiation therapy (SGRT) in detecting interfraction setup error and intrafraction motion during SBRT treatments of the lung and abdomen.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐one patients with 85 malignant thoracic or abdominal tumors treated with SBRT were analyzed. For initial patient setup, an alternating scheme of kV/kV imaging or SGRT was followed by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for more accurate tumor volumetric localization. The CBCT six degree shifts after initial setup with each method were recorded to assess interfraction setup error. Patients were then monitored continuously with SGRT during treatment. If an intrafractional shift in any direction >2 mm for longer than 2 sec was detected by SGRT, then CBCT was repeated and the recorded deltas were compared to those detected by SGRT.ResultsInterfractional shifts after SGRT setup and CBCT were small in all directions with mean values of <5 mm and < 0.5 degrees in all directions. Additionally, 25 patients had detected intrafraction motion by SGRT during a total of 34 fractions. This resulted in 25 (73.5%) additional shifts of at least 2 mm on subsequent CBCT. When comparing the average vector detected shift by SGRT to the resulting vector shift on subsequent CBCT, no significant difference was found between the two.ConclusionsSurface‐guided radiation therapy provides initial setup within 5 mm for patients treated with SBRT and can be used in place of skin marks or planar kV imaging prior to CBCT. In addition, continuous monitoring with SGRT during treatment was valuable in detecting potentially clinically meaningful intrafraction motion and was comparable in magnitude to shifts from additional CBCT scans. PTV margin reduction may be feasible for SBRT in the lung and abdomen when using SGRT for continuous patient monitoring during treatment.
Transparent Heaters: A Review
Authors: Papanastasiou Dorina T. , Schultheiss Amélie , Muñoz‐Rojas David , Celle Caroline , Carella Alexandre , Simonato Jean‐Pierre , Bellet Daniel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTransparent heaters (TH) have attracted intense attention from both scientific and industrial sectors due to the key role they play in many technologies, including smart windows, deicers, defoggers, displays, actuators, and sensors. While transparent conductive oxides have dominated the field for the past five decades, a new generation of THs based on nanomaterials has led to new paradigms in terms of applications and prospects in the past years. Here, the most recent developments and strategies to improve the properties, stability, and integration of these new THs are reviewed.
Autologous Versatile Vesicles‐Incorporated Biomimetic Extracellular Matrix Induces Biomineralization
Authors: Wei Yan , Shi Miusi , Zhang Jinglun , Zhang Xiaoxin , Shen Kailun , Wang Rui , Miron Richard J. , Xiao Yin , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRestoring extracellular matrix (ECM) with supportive and osteoinductive abilities is of great significance for bone tissue regeneration. Current approaches involving cell‐based scaffolds or nanoparticle‐modified biomimic‐ECM have been met with additional biosafety concerns. Herein, the natural biomineralization process is first analyzed and is found that mesenchymal stem cells‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from early and late stages of osteoinduction play different roles during the mineralization process. The functional EVs hierarchically with blood‐derived autohydrogel (AH) are then incorporated to form an osteoinductive biomimetic extracellular matrix (BECM). The alkaline phosphatase‐rich EVs are released from the outer layers to induce osteoblast differentiation during early stages. Thereafter, as the degradation of AH occurred, calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P)‐rich EVs are liberated to promote the nucleation of extracellular mineral crystals. Additionally, BECM contains considerable collagen fibrils that provide additional nucleation sites for crystallites deposition, thus reaching self‐mineralization in situ. In conclusion, this research provides a promising, versatile mineralization‐instructive platform to tackle the challenges faced in bone‐tissue engineering.
A High‐Performance Bio‐Adhesive Using Hyperbranched Aminated Soybean Polysaccharide and Bio‐Based Epoxide
Authors: Zhang Yi , Chen Mingsong , Zhang Jieyu , Li Jianzhang , Shi Sheldon Q. , Gao Qiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWood adhesives fabricated from biomass can substitute formaldehyde‐based ones, reducing the consumption of fossil resources and eliminating formaldehyde pollution. In this study, a novel and sustainable water‐soluble soybean polysaccharide (WSSPS)‐based adhesive is designed. Specifically, a hyperbranched aminated polysaccharide (HBPA–g–WSSPS), as an adhesive matrix, is synthesized via grafting reaction between oxidized WSSPS and hyperbranched polyamide (HBPA). Triglycidylamine, a bio‐based epoxide cross‐linker, reacted with the HBPA–g–WSSPS to afford a cross‐linked hyperbranched network, providing strong cohesion for the adhesive. Additionally, polyacrylamide imparted an adjustable viscosity to the adhesive. The resultant WSSPS‐based adhesive enhanced the wet shear strength of plywood (1.24 MPa) by 49% compared to the E0‐level industrial‐use melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde (MUF) resin and by 26% compared to the industrial‐use soybean meal/polyamidoamine‐epichlorohydrin (PAE) adhesive. In addition, the adhesive has characteristics similar to those of the MUF resin, including viscosity, coating performance, hot‐pressing conditions, and dry bond strength, which are superior to those of the soybean meal/PAE adhesive. This developed polysaccharide‐based adhesive can potentially enhance various composites and can be used in industrial sectors.
Predicting Solubility of Small Molecules in Macromolecular Compounds for Nanomedicine Application from Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Erlebach Andreas , Muljajew Irina , Chi Mingzhe , Bückmann Christoph , Weber Christine , Schubert Ulrich S. , Sierka Marek 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSolubility of small molecules in macromolecular compounds is of fundamental importance for a number of applications, including the growing field of nanomedicine. Here, approaches for in silico solubility predictions based on atomistic models are evaluated. A computationally efficient atomistic simulation procedure based on the concept of inherent structures is proposed for statistical sampling of polymer conformations. Comprehensive test simulations of several polymers and common solvents confirm the accuracy of the procedure for calculation of physicochemical properties such as cohesive energy densities, which along with the Hansen solubility parameters and the Flory–Huggins (FH) theory facilitate rapid, qualitative solubility predictions. However, the FH theory fails to model specific interactions such as hydrogen bonding. Therefore, more accurate predictions are obtained employing the perturbed hard sphere chain (PHSC) equation of state (EOS). As test case, aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solutions revealing strong hydrogen bonding are used. The physicochemical properties including the PEO‐water phase diagram calculated by the PHSC EOS show good agreement with experimental observations. Consequently, the combination of qualitative predictions using the FH theory for rapid prescreening with computationally more demanding parameterization of the PHSC EOS provides a promising tool for in silico solubility predictions with potential applications in nanomedicine.
Designer Self‐Assembling Peptide Hydrogels to Engineer 3D Cell Microenvironments for Cell Constructs Formation and Precise Oncology Remodeling in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Yang Zehong , Xu Hongyan , Zhao Xiaojun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDesigner self‐assembling peptides form the entangled nanofiber networks in hydrogels by ionic‐complementary self‐assembly. This type of hydrogel has realistic biological and physiochemical properties to serve as biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) for biomedical applications. The advantages and benefits are distinct from natural hydrogels and other synthetic or semisynthetic hydrogels. Designer peptides provide diverse alternatives of main building blocks to form various functional nanostructures. The entangled nanofiber networks permit essential compositional complexity and heterogeneity of engineering cell microenvironments in comparison with other hydrogels, which may reconstruct the tumor microenvironments (TMEs) in 3D cell cultures and tissue‐specific modeling in vitro. Either ovarian cancer progression or recurrence and relapse are involved in the multifaceted TMEs in addition to mesothelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes, immune cells, adipocytes, and the ECM. Based on the progress in common hydrogel products, this work focuses on the diverse designer self‐assembling peptide hydrogels for instructive cell constructs in tissue‐specific modeling and the precise oncology remodeling for ovarian cancer, which are issued by several research aspects in a 3D context. The advantages and significance of designer peptide hydrogels are discussed, and some common approaches and coming challenges are also addressed in current complex tumor diseases.
Selectively Wetted Rigid–Flexible Coupling Polymer Electrolyte Enabling Superior Stability and Compatibility of High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yu Xinrun , Wang Longlong , Ma Jun , Sun Xingwei , Zhou Xinhong , Cui Guanglei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are considered to be the key to solve the safety hazards and cycling performance of liquid high‐voltage lithium metal batteries (HVLMBs), but still suffer from low conductivity and poor interfacial compatibility. Here, polyvinylidene fluoride–polyvinyl acetate‐based (PVDF–PVAC) rigid–flexible coupling SPE selectively wetted by a tetramethylene sulfone (TMS) is prepared for high‐performance and superior‐safety HVLMBs. The intermolecular interactions in such SPE significantly facilitate lithium‐ion conductivity and electrolyte/electrode interface wettability. Moreover, PVAC selectively wetted with the TMS enhances interface compatibility with Li anodes and high‐voltage LiCoO2 cathodes. As a result, the as‐assembled LiCoO2/lithium‐metal solid‐state batteries present excellent cyclability with 85% capacity retention after 200 cycles between 3.0 and 4.5 V at room temperature. Furthermore, pouch cells with the as‐prepared SPE exhibit brilliant safety and superior interfacial compatibility. This study offers a promising and general selectively wetted design strategy to handle the compatibility and safety issues in HVLMBs.
Row placement affects yield and water use efficiency of continuous corn
Authors: Sun Tao , Li Zizhong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe planting of crops in rows results in a large amount of variation in soil nutrient levels and soil water. The hypothesis of this paper is that row spacing can be adjusted to optimize water use efficiency (WUE). The objective was to investigate the effects of row placement on corn (Zea mays L.) growth, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, yield, soil water, inorganic nitrogen (N), evapotranspiration (ET), and WUE in the Corn Belt of Northeast China (CBNC). Corn was planted in either the intra‐row or inter‐row space of the previously planted corn in a 2‐yr (2017–2018) field experiment in Jilin Province, China. All corns were planted at a row spacing of 60 cm, a plant spacing of 28 cm, and a density of 60,000 plants ha−1 per year. The inter‐row corn treatment maintained higher leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate at the R3 growth stage in 2017 and 2018. The corn yields of inter‐row treatment were 6.0% and 8.5% higher (P ≤ .05) in 2017 and 2018, respectively, compared with intra‐row treatment. The ET in inter‐row treatment was 4.4% (P < 0.01) lower in 2017 and its 2‐yr WUE was 11.5% higher (P = 0.016) than that of intra‐row treatment. These findings suggest that corn rows should be arranged at the inter‐row of the previous corn in a continuous corn cropping field, and an intra‐row position of the previous crop should be considered in the definition of continuous monocropping for row‐planted crops.
An analysis of the impacts of tasting experience and peer effects on consumers’ willingness to pay for novel foods
Authors: Alemu Mohammed Hussen , Olsen Søren Bøye 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the impacts of tasting experience and observing peers’ taste preferences on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for novel insect‐based food products. In an empirical incentivized discrete choice experiment (DCE) developed to estimate Kenyan consumers' WTP for buns made with cricket flour, we test two treatments against a control treatment using a between‐subject design. The control treatment is a typical DCE questionnaire survey. Treatment 1 is identical to the control except that respondents are asked to taste the buns before answering the questionnaire. In Treatment 2, respondents are also given the tasting experience but they additionally observe their peers' taste preferences for the buns. The results suggest that tasting experience is important since Treatment 1 obtains significantly higher WTP estimates than the control. However, allowing additionally for peer effects in Treatment 2 significantly reduces the WTP estimates again countering the effect of tasting in Treatment 1. According to the results, this is partly related to the observation of peers reacting negatively in terms of disliking the bun products. [EconLit Citations: D12, D90, Q13].
Peripheral RAFT Polymerization on a Covalent Organic Polymer with Enhanced Aqueous Compatibility for Controlled Generation of Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Lai Haiwang , Yan Jieyu , Liu Shan , Yang Qizhi , Xing Feiyue , Xiao Pu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA covalent organic polymer (COP) is prepared by crosslinking the photosensitizer 4,4′,4′′,4′′′‐(porphyrin‐5,10,15,20‐tetrayl)tetraaniline (TAPP) with 4,4′‐(anthracene‐9,10‐diyl)dibenzoic acid (ADDA) via 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/4‐dimethylaminopyridine coupling. The COP is further modified with a hydrophilic polymer, poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) by grafting‐from reversible‐addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to enhance its solubility in various solvents. The modified COP can bind singlet oxygen through the formation of endoperoxide by ADDA upon the exposure to red light irradiation. Singlet oxygen can be then released via the photodynamic mechanism or the cycloreversion by endoperoxide when heated at 110 °C. These results open new possibilities for simultaneous generation of singlet oxygen by the photodynamic route and singlet oxygen carriers, demonstrating promise for treating hypoxic tumors.
Catalytic Behavior of Mono‐N‐Protected Amino‐Acid Ligands in Ligand‐Accelerated C−H Activation by Palladium(II)
Authors: Salazar Chase A. , Gair Joseph J. , Flesch Kaylin N. , Guzei Ilia A. , Lewis Jared C. , Stahl Shannon S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMono‐N‐protected amino acids (MPAAs) are increasingly common ligands in Pd‐catalyzed C−H functionalization reactions. Previous studies have shown how these ligands accelerate catalytic turnover by facilitating the C−H activation step. Here, it is shown that MPAA ligands exhibit a second property commonly associated with ligand‐accelerated catalysis: the ability to support catalytic turnover at substoichiometric ligand‐to‐metal ratios. This catalytic role of the MPAA ligand is characterized in stoichiometric C−H activation and catalytic C−H functionalization reactions. Palladacycle formation with substrates bearing carboxylate and pyridine directing groups exhibit a 50–100‐fold increase in rate when only 0.05 equivalents of MPAA are present relative to PdII. These and other mechanistic data indicate that facile exchange between MPAAs and anionic ligands coordinated to PdII enables a single MPAA to support C−H activation at multiple PdII centers.
Öffnung der Valenzschale: Ein T‐förmiges Eisen(I)‐Metalloradikal und sein Potential als Atomabstraktor
Authors: Ott Jonas C. , Wadepohl Hubert , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEin thermisch stabiler, T‐förmiger d7‐High‐Spin‐Eisen(I)‐Komplex wurde durch die Reduktion eines PNP‐stablisierten Eisen(II)‐Chlorido‐Komplexes erhalten. Paramagnetische NMR‐Spektroskopie, gekoppelt mit einer DFT‐Modellierung, ermöglichte die Analyse der elektronischen Struktur dieser koordinativ hochgradig ungesättigten Verbindung. Der Metalloradikalcharakter der Verbindung wurde durch die Bildung eines Ketyl‐Radikalkomplexes unter Versetzen mit Benzophenon gezeigt. Außerdem weist der Komplex eine reichhaltige Chemie als Sauerstoffatom‐Abstraktor von Epoxiden unter Bildung eines zweikernigen, Oxo‐verbrückten Eisen(II)‐Komplexes auf.