bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization and sensitivity analysis of rheological properties of high concentration γ‐alumina/water suspension
Authors: Nouri Mohammad Javad , Karimi Darvanjooghi Mohammad Hossein , Moheb Ahmad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, a high concentration γ‐alumina/water suspension containing 75% (wt) γ‐alumina nanoparticle was prepared by using a 3D‐mixer. TEM imaging, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses were used to investigate the stability of nanoparticles in the base fluid, purity, and crystallinity as well as chemical structure of nanoparticles, respectively. Then, the variation of dynamic viscosity and rheological behavior of the suspension and their dependency on pH, sonication durations, dispersing agent concentrations, and ratios of ceramic balls to nanoparticles weight was studied. The results showed that the rheological behavior of the suspension was similar to non‐Newtonian fluids, and a power‐law model with yield stress was able to justify this behavior. Moreover a correlation, including pH, sonication time, dispersing agent concentration, and the ratio of ceramic balls to nanoparticles weight as independent parameters, was developed to predict the power of the power‐law model. The model showed a low deviation, about 5%, from the experimental values and revealed the significant effect of pH, sonication time, and the ratio of mixing ceramic balls to nanoparticles on the rheological behavior of the suspension. More importantly, by implementing the method used in this work, a very low dynamic viscosity of 11.4 mPa.s was achieved.
Listening to Global Englishes: Script‐assisted shadowing
Authors: Hamada Yo , Suzuki Satoko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe current rise in interactions among English speakers with different accents entails occasional difficulties in understanding unfamiliar English accents. This study attempted to propose a teaching technique using shadowing to listen to unfamiliar English accents. The participants were 96 Japanese university students. One group worked on shadowing assisted by script, one on shadowing only, while the control group only listened and did not engage in shadowing. Five speech samples, each read in a different English accent, were used. A 75‐item dictation test (with 25 items each for Chinese, Italian, and American accents) was administered as both a pre‐ and post‐test. The results showed that while only shadowing practice alone may not promote perceptual adaptation, when accompanied by a script, it enhances students’ perceptual adaptation.
Does financial reporting quality vary across firm life cycle?
Authors: Krishnan Gopal V. , Myllymäki Emma‐Riikka , Nagar Neerav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study provides empirical evidence that across firm life cycle there is considerable variation in financial reporting quality. Specifically, the focus is on matching quality captured by the contemporaneous correlation between revenues and expenses and on the likelihood of material misstatements in financial statements. On balance, we observe an inverted U‐shaped pattern of financial reporting quality, that is, lower quality during the introduction, growth, and decline stages, compared to the mature stage of firm life cycle. First, we find poor matching of expenses with revenues in the introduction, growth, and decline stages. This implies conservative or aggressive recognition of expenses, leading to less informative earnings, and hence lower financial reporting quality. Then, we examine the likelihood of material misstatements, measured by weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting, financial statement restatements, Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) accounting and auditing enforcement releases (AAER), and financial statement divergence (FSD) scores. We find clear indications that firms in the introduction, growth, and decline stages are significantly more likely to have misstatements in their financial statements compared to firms in the mature stage. Overall, the findings of this study enhance our understanding of the role of life‐cycle stages in causing variation in financial reporting quality.
Schizophrenia risk candidate EGR3 is a novel transcriptional regulator of RELN and regulates neurite outgrowth via the Reelin signal pathway in vitro
Authors: Nie Fayi , Zhang Qiaoxia , Ma Jie , Wang Pengjie , Gu Ruiying , Han Jing , Zhang Rui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSchizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with a strong hereditary component that affects approximately 1% of the world's population. The disease is most likely caused by the altered expression of a number of genes that function at the level of biological pathways or gene networks. Transcription factors (TF) are indispensable regulators of gene expression. EGR3 is a TF associated with schizophrenia. In the current study, DNA microarray and ingenuity pathway analyses (IPA) demonstrated that EGR3 regulates Reelin signaling pathway in SH‐SY5Y cells. ChIP and luciferase reporter studies confirmed that EGR3 directly binds to the promoter region of RELN thereby activating RELN expression. The expression of both EGR3 and RELN was decreased during neuronal differentiation induced by retinoic acid (RA) in SH‐SY5Y cells, and EGR3 over‐expression reduced neurite outgrowth which could be partially reversed by the knockdown of RELN. The expression levels of EGR3 and RELN in peripheral blood of subjects with schizophrenia were found to be down‐regulated (compared with healthy controls), and were positively correlated. Furthermore, data mining from public databases revealed that the expression levels of EGR3 and RELN were presented a positive correlation in post‐mortem brain tissue of subjects with schizophrenia. Taken together, this study suggests that EGR3 is a novel TF of the RELN gene and regulates neurite outgrowth via the Reelin signaling pathway. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the regulatory role of EGR3 in the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia, and potentially to the development of new therapies and diagnostic biomarkers for the disorder.
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Death of an infant: Accessing the voices of bereaved mothers to create healing. A qualitative study
Authors: Hawthorne Dawn M. , Joyner Rachael , Gaucher Elena , Liehr Patricia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo describe the health challenge for mothers whose infants have died and approaches and resources they used to manage the loss.BackgroundThe death of an infant is a devastating experience for families. Bereaved mothers have higher rates of mental distress, loneliness and isolation. While some learn to cope, others remain consumed by grief, unable to function, with persistent affective, cognitive and physical symptoms.DesignQualitative design guided by story theory.MethodsIn‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with mothers 13–36 months after the death of their infant. Looking at the present, past and future, mothers were asked to describe the health challenge of losing an infant and approaches used to manage the loss. The COREQ checklist was used.ResultsThese mothers' experiences were captured in six main themes: ‘Painful aloneness’, ‘Blemished identity’, ‘Burden of being misunderstood’, ‘Being with and being heard’, ‘Being present and building a future’ and ‘Finding meaning in the tragedy’. In sharing their stories, mothers identified positive and negative encounters with healthcare professionals following the death of their infant.ConclusionAfter losing an infant, mothers experience an array of challenges as they move forward. They describe their approaches used to manage the loss. This included a need to be heard, feel supported and find meaning in the loss as they try to build a new future. Their stories express a need for health care encounters to be healing, allowing mothers to feel cared for and supported on their unique journeys towards a new sense of well‐being.Relevance to clinical practiceIn sharing their stories what matters most to these mothers having lost an infant emerged. The study findings can be used to guide nursing practice, incorporated into healthcare providers bereavement training, increase knowledge and build effective communication skills.
To what extent Unfinished Nursing Care tools coincide with the discrete elements of The Fundamentals of Care Framework? A comparative analysis based on a systematic review
Authors: Palese Alvisa , Longhini Jessica , Danielis Matteo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo establish whether, and to what extent, tools measuring Unfinished Nursing Care (UNC) that have been validated to date have the ability to detect the discrete elements of the ‘Integration of care’ dimension of The Fundamentals of Care Framework (The Framework).BackgroundUNC and The Framework have been established as two separate research lines, focused on (a) omitted care and related tools, and (b) on how to improve patient care, respectively. However, no attempts have been made to date to establish whether, and to what extent, tools measuring UNC have the ability to represent the discrete elements of The Framework.DesignA two‐step study: (a) a secondary analysis of a systematic review up to June 2018 later updated in May 2020, followed by (b) a comparative analysis.MethodsA systematic review of studies on validated tools measuring UNC was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guideline. Then, researchers independently performed a comparative analysis between the extracted (a) discrete elements of The Framework and (b) items of the UNC tools retrieved.ResultsA total of 14 tools were analysed. The physical dimension of The Framework was the one mostly covered by UNC tools (up to 87.5% with the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care). The Norwegian Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care showed the highest level of representation (41.6%) for the psychosocial dimension. Only the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care and the Unfinished Care tool measure the relational dimension (22.2%, respectively). By considering all elements of the ‘Integration of care’ dimension, the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Care had the highest percentage of convergence (41%).ConclusionNot all UNC tools have the same ability to represent the discrete elements of The Framework. Moreover, physical needs are more often detected in UNC tools compared to the relational and psychological ones.Relevance to clinical practiceUnfinished care tools validated to date can represent a body of knowledge on which to build The Framework metrics, especially for the physical dimensions.
Designing paper‐based records to improve the quality of nursing documentation in hospitals: A scoping review
Authors: Muinga Naomi , Abejirinde Ibukun‐Oluwa Omolade , Paton Chris , English Mike , Zweekhorst Marjolein 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundInpatient nursing documentation facilitates multi‐disciplinary team care and tracking of patient progress. In both high‐ and low‐ and middle‐income settings, it is largely paper‐based and may be used as a template for electronic medical records. However, there is limited evidence on how they have been developed.ObjectiveTo synthesise evidence on how paper‐based nursing records have been developed and implemented in inpatient settings to support documentation of nursing care.DesignA scoping review guided by the Arksey and O'Malley framework and reported using PRISMA‐ScR guidelines.Eligibility criteriaWe included studies that described the process of designing paper‐based inpatient records and excluded those focussing on electronic records. Included studies were published in English up to October 2019.Sources of evidencePubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane supplemented by free‐text searches on Google Scholar and snowballing the reference sections of included papers.Results12 studies met the eligibility criteria. We extracted data on study characteristics, the development process and outcomes related to documentation of inpatient care. Studies reviewed followed a process of problem identification, literature review, chart (re)design, piloting, implementation and evaluation but varied in their execution of each step. All studies except one reported a positive change in inpatient documentation or the adoption of charts amid various challenges.ConclusionsThe approaches used seemed to work for each of the studies but could be strengthened by following a systematic process. Human‐centred Design provides a clear process that prioritises the healthcare professional's needs and their context to deliver a usable product. Problems with the chart could be addressed during the design phase rather than during implementation, thereby promoting chart ownership and uptake since users are involved throughout the design. This will translate to better documentation of inpatient care thus facilitating better patient tracking, improved team communication and better patient outcomes.Relevance to clinical practicePaper‐based charts should be designed in a systematic and clear process that considers patient's and healthcare professional's needs contributing to improved uptake of charts and therefore better documentation.
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES: A REVIEW OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE
Authors: Hu Haiqing , Chen Di , Chang Chun‐Ping , Chu Yin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs a key concern for human survival and development, environmental issues have been widely perceived to be impacted by various political institutional factors. A considerable body of literature has attempted to investigate how different political factors affect environmental policymaking and outcomes. In this paper, we critically review related scholarly works published in peer‐reviewed economic journals in the past 30 years, with an emphasis on the empirical literature. Political institutional factors considered in this survey include corruption, the general concept and specific elements of democracy, and the vertical structure of environmental regulation authority within different levels of governments (i.e. environmental federalism). Studies focusing on the interplay of these factors are also highlighted. Based on a critical review, we provide a guide to the datasets, methodologies, and main findings of the literature. We also point out the existing gaps, and put forward suggestions for future research directions.
Is Valsalva maneuver an alternative to use tenaculum for endometrial sampling procedure in cases where the cervix cannot be passed spontaneously with pipelle? A randomized study
Authors: Narin Raziye , Uysal Gülsüm , Baş Sevda , Narin Mehmet A. , Küçükbingöz Emine G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of the Valsalva maneuver on ease of the endometrial sampling procedure in cases where the cervix cannot be passed spontaneously.MethodsA randomized prospective trial was conducted in 84 patients whose cervix could not pass spontaneously with pipelle, and they were randomized for the Valsalva maneuver or tenaculum groups. In 43 of a total of 84 patients, we requested Valsalva maneuver throughout the process to pass the cervical canal, and in 41 patients, we performed tenaculum to pass the cervix.ResultsValsalva and tenaculum groups did not differ in success rates (P = 0.314). There was no difference between the two groups in the history of the disease, past surgery and education (P > 0.05).ConclusionIn endometrial sampling procedure with pipelle, when the cervix cannot be passed spontaneously, the transition with the Valsalva maneuver should be tried before using the tenaculum. Thus, a more painful procedure can be avoided and patient satisfaction may increase.
Management of the late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato in the southern hills of India
Authors: Mhatre Priyank Hanuman , Lekshmanan Divya K. , Palanisamy Venkatasalam E. , Bairwa Aarti , Sharma Sanjeev 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLate blight of potato is considered to be the most devastating problem causing severe yield losses in potato worldwide. Among the different management strategies, the use of resistant cultivars is the most viable option, but the non‐availability of enough quantity of quality seed materials of resistant cultivars forces the farmers to grow susceptible cultivars with proper fungicide scheduling. Therefore, in the present study, chemical control using fungicide has been attempted with newer molecules in the susceptible cultivar along with a resistant cultivar as a positive control. All the tested fungicides were found safe, and no phytotoxicity was observed with any chemical at the applied rate. In resistant cultivar, no late blight was appeared in both the years, whereas maximum AUDPC was observed in the untreated control (276.3) and minimum (41.7) in mancozeb‐cymoxanil + mancozeb based scheduling which was found on par with chlorothalonil‐famoxadone + cymoxanil (51.3) and chlorothalonil‐ametoctradin + dimethomorph (53.5) based scheduling. Among the treatments, resistant cultivar, Kufri Girdhari followed by chlorothalonil‐ametoctradin + dimethomorph and mancozeb‐cymoxanil + mancozeb based fungicidal scheduling were proven as the best treatments for both the crop seasons resulting in the highest yield parameters. The disease severity showed a strong negative correlation with the tuber yield of potatoes in both the years. Based on overall observations including BC ratio, it can be concluded that, wherever seed material of resistant cultivar is available farmers should grow the same or else with susceptible cultivars the fungicidal scheduling based on mancozeb‐cymoxanil + mancozeb or chlorothalonil‐ametoctradin + dimethomorph can be followed to obtain the maximum returns with effective management of late blight at the southern hills of India.
PTPRD as a candidate druggable target for therapies for restless legs syndrome?
Authors: Morais Milca A. , Franco Beatriz , Holanda Alessandro S. S. , Simino Laís Angélica de Paula , Manconi Mauro , Torsoni Adriana , Esteves Andrea M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe gene that encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase D (PTPRD) may be related to brain circuits associated with sleep, and has been seen as an interesting molecule, a “druggable” drug target. This gene is a potential candidate for increasing therapeutic advances in restless legs syndrome, a sleep‐related movement disorder, that manifests as an uncontrollable desire to move limbs (legs) to relieve uncomfortable sensations. Changes in the PTPRD gene expression may increase the chance of developing this syndrome. Treatment with pramipexole is used in restless legs syndrome. This study aims to verify the effect of treatment with pramipexole on the PTPRD expression, as well as on the sleep pattern in an animal model for restless legs syndrome. For this, an animal model of sleep‐related movement disorders (spontaneously hypertensive rats) was distributed in groups: (a) spontaneously hypertensive rats−control; (b) spontaneously hypertensive rats−pramipexole (0.125 mg kg−1 for 4 weeks). The analyses of PTPRD gene and protein expression were performed in the striatum and spinal cord by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Electrocorticographic and electromyographic analyses were performed. There was no difference in the PTPRD mRNA levels, as well as in the protein levels, although a tendency has been observed for decreased gene expression in the striatum and increased protein expression in the spinal cord in the spontaneously hypertensive rats−pramipexole group. Pramipexole improved the animals' sleep pattern. Thus, the treatment with pramipexole in the evaluated dose and time tended to alter the expression of the PTPRD protein in the spinal cord, in addition to significantly improving the sleep pattern.
Using stable isotope analysis to determine the effects of ocean acidification and warming on trophic interactions in a maerl bed community
Authors: Legrand Erwann , Martin Sophie , Leroux Cédric , Riera Pascal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOcean acidification and warming are likely to affect the structure and functioning of marine benthic communities. This study experimentally examined the effects of ocean acidification and warming on trophic interactions within a maerl bed community by using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. Two three‐month experiments were conducted in winter and summer seasons with four different combinations of pCO2 (ambient and elevated pCO2) and temperature (ambient and +3°C). Experimental assemblages were created in tanks held in the laboratory and were composed of calcareous (Lithothamnion corallioides) and fleshy algae (Rhodymenia ardissonei, Solieria chordalis, and Ulva sp.), gastropods (Gibbula magus and Jujubinus exasperatus), and sea urchins (Psammechinus miliaris). Our results showed higher seaweed availability for grazers in summer than winter. Therefore, grazers were able to adapt their diet seasonally. Increased pCO2 and temperature did not modify the trophic structure in winter, while shifts in the contribution of seaweed were found in summer. Combined acidification and warming increased the contribution of biofilm in gastropods diet in summer conditions. Psammechinus miliaris mostly consumed L. corallioides under ambient conditions, while the alga S. chordalis became the dominant food source under high pCO2 in summer. Predicted changes in pCO2 and temperature had complex effects on assemblage trophic structure. Direct effects of acidification and warming on seaweed metabolism may modify their abundance and biomass, affecting their availability for grazers. Climate change may also modify seaweeds' nutritive value and their palatability for grazers. The grazers we investigated were able to change their diet in response to changes in algal assemblages, an advantage given that warming and acidification alter the composition of algal communities.
Relationship between aquifer biofilms and unattached microbial indicators of urban groundwater contamination
Authors: Scharping Robert J. , Garey James R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAquifers, springs and other groundwater‐dependent ecosystems are threatened by urban land use, which causes water quality deterioration through nutrient loading, sewage infiltration, groundwater extraction and, along coasts, seawater intrusion. The presence of certain microbes in groundwater can indicate that an aquifer is anthropogenically contaminated. Interpretations made from observations of indicator microbes in groundwater are limited because the relationship between the presumably allochthonous indicator microbes and relevant autochthonous microbial communities has not been characterized. This study addressed whether autochthonous aquifer biofilms can influence the presence of presumed microbial indicators in groundwater, and simultaneously used microbial indicators to trace sources of urban contamination at a karst spring of conservation concern. These questions were approached using a 17‐month time series analysis of attached biofilm and adjacent unattached bacteria in the submerged karst aquifer conduit associated with this spring. Environmental 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to characterize these communities, and community structure data were contextualized with groundwater geochemical and hydrogeological measurements. Linear regression models were developed to explain the relative abundance patterns of indicator microbes and other unattached microbes at this site. The results of this study suggest that dominant aquifer biofilms do not influence the presence of unattached microbial taxa that are presumed to be indicators of groundwater contamination, and generated new information about the origin of coliform bacteria at the study site. These results build confidence in the use of microbial indicators in groundwater‐dependent ecosystem conservation strategies and inform future management plans for urban aquifers and springs worldwide.