bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decrease Quality during Storage Packaged Beef Sausage Edible Coating by Durian Seeds Starch-Chitosan with the Addition of Kesum Leaf Extract
Authors: Lestari R B , Permadi E , Harahap R P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of the type of packaging and frozen storage time of beef sausage on the decrease in the quality of beef sausage in edible coating durian-chitosan seed starch with the addition of kesum leaf extract. The study was conducted using the factorial completely randomized design experimental method with 2 treatment factors. The first factor is the type of sausage packaging consisting of 3 levels and second factor is storage time consisting of 5 levels. The results showed the type of packaging treatment, storage time, and interaction had a significant effect on TBA but no significant effect on pH. Kesum Leaf Extract can reduce the process of lipid oxidation in sausages that are treated with edible coatings with Kesum Leaf Extract (K2) and had average 0,21–0.48 mg malonaldehyde/kg.
Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Concentration Level on Physicochemical Properties of Fermented Goat Meat Dendeng
Authors: Radiati L E , Umam A K , Susilo A , Thoifi A A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research aimed to determine the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on the manufacturing process of fermented goat meat dendeng. The completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications was applied to determine the moisture content, water activity (AW), protein content, dissolved protein content, and protein profile as physicochemical quality indicators. The level of Lactobacillus plantarum was 0 ml (T0), 0.3 ml (T1), 3 ml (T2), and 30 ml (T3), respectively. The obtained result was analyzed with SPSS for windows 16 then followed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The highly significant result (P<0.01) was shown on Aw, with valued at 0.61 – 0.70, moisture content at 44.24 – 46.65%, protein content at 31.98 – 38.70%, and dissolved protein content at 3.55 – 4.21%; while the molecular weight of protein profile was ranged from 16.69 to 143.54 kDa, and showed an unreadable protein band on T0, six protein bands on T1, seven protein bands on T2, and eight protein bands on T3, respectively.
Specific Primer Design of COI Gene and Its Potential Application for Species Identification of Meats
Authors: Khoirinisah T , Fadhila A , Wibowo T , Kartikasari L R , Cahyadi M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cytochrome oxidase I gene, COI, is known as a mitochondrial gene encoding cytochrome oxidase I protein. The aim of this study was to design specific primers for bovine, chicken, and porcine and its application for species identification containing in raw meats using PCR. A set of specific primers has been designed using primer3. A universal forward primer and three specific reverse primers have been synthesized and the PCR technique has been carried out to test their specificity using a DNA template extracted from three meat species, i.e. bovine, chicken, and porcine. The PCR condition was optimized with similar annealing temperatures at 64°C. The PCR product was then visualized using a 2% agarose gel under the UV light and sequenced to know its nucleotides. The results showed that primer pairs were perfectly working to amplify specific target sites for bovine, chicken, and porcine. They were indicated by 263 bp for bovine, 596 bp for chicken, and 168 bp for porcine. Besides, sequence analyses showed that they were a hundred percent similar to reference species. This result suggested that the primer set of COI genes designed in this study may be a powerful tool to identify species in meats using multiplex-PCR.
Effect of Several AGP Replacers on Digestibilities of Amino Acid in Mojosari Duck
Authors: Widodo E , Natsir M H , Djunaidi I H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
An attempt was made to search effect of several AGP replacers on digestibilities amino acid determined by using Acid Insoluble Ash Method in Mojosari ducks. This research used 40 ducks, raised at individual cage to facilitate 9 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of P1: basal feed + antibiotic; P2: basal feed + 1% sardine oil + 0.5% tomato powder; P3: basal feed + 2% sardine oil + 0.5% tomato powder; P4: basal feed + 1% sardine oil + 1% tomato powder; P5: basal feed + 2% sardine oil + 1% tomato powder; P6: basal feed + 1% sardine oil + 0.5% tomato powder + 200 ppm clove oil; P7: basal feed + 2% sardine oil + 0.5% tomato powder + 200 ppm clove oil; P8: basal feed + 1% sardine oil + 1% tomato powder + 400 ppm clove oil; P9: basal feed + 2% sardine oil + 1% tomato powder + 400 ppm clove oil. Digestibility coefficient was measured by Acid Insoluble Ash method. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, and the differences was tested by DMRT. The results showed that feed consumption and digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein were not significant, therefore, digestibility of several amino acids were highly significant (P<0.01), particularly for threonine, arginine, phenylalanine and tyrosine. It could be concluded that the use of sardine oil (2%) supplemented with 1% tomato powder and 400 ppm clove oil showed the best replacer of AGP.
The Comparison of Sweating Rate and Sweat Gland Anatomy between Simmental and Its Crossing with Ongole Crossbred (Simpo) Bulls
Authors: Nursita I W , Pratiwi H , Cholis N , Taufiqi Y 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find out the sweating rate and anatomy of the sweat glands of Simmental and their crossing with the Ongole cross bred (SimPO) bulls. The research was conducted in Authorized Slaughter House of Gadang, Malang City and the Bioscience Laboratory of University of Brawijaya. The material used were 4 Simmental, and 5 SimPO bulls with an average weight of ≥300 kg and age of ≥2 years. Sweating rate data were collected use Cobalt Chloride Disc. The anatomy of the sweat gland skin samples were observed in the Bioscience Laboratory. Data sweating rate obtained were analyzed statistically using unpaired t-test. The result showed there was significant difference (P<0,05) of sweating rate between Simmental and SimPO bulls. The sweat gland of Simmental have a smaller size and tubular likes shape than SimPO. The SimPO has a large and baggy sweat gland.
Effect of Pellet Size in Ration with or without Indigofera sp on New Zealand White Rabbit Performances
Authors: Tistiana H , Hartutik  , Widodo E , Djunaidi I H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Rabbit is an alternative animal raised by the farmer for profit. Therefore, the ration used varied and tended to use commercial pelleted feed. The current study was intended to evaluate effect of pellet size of rabbit ration with or without Indigofera sp on the performances of rabbit. Seventy-two rabbits of one month old were used allocated to 12 experimental units. The main factor was ration types (with or without inclusion of Indigofera sp) and the second factor was pellet size (S, M and L). The experiment was arranged in Completely Nested Randomized Design. The results showed that feed consumption was not significantly influenced by the type of ration and pellet size. In addition, type of ration significantly (P>0.05) influenced the body weight gain and highly significantly (P>0.01) influenced on feed conversion. Economic calculation based on Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) indicated ration containing Indigofera was highly significantly (P>0.01). In conclusion, ration containing Indigofera sp at long size of pellet improves performance of New Zealand White Rabbit.
The Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Addition and Fermentation Periods on Nutritive Value Dwarf Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott) Silage
Authors: Irsyammawati A , Mashudi  , Ndaru P H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research aimed to examine the effect of different Lactobacillus plantarum addition and fermentation periods on its physical quality, pH, nutritive value ( dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), extract ether (EE)). This research also to find out the best treatments of dwarf elephant grass silage by Lactobacillus plantarum addition with different fermentation periods. Completely Randomized Factorial Design was used in this experiment, with two factor ie. Lactobacillus plantarum inclusion (0, 0.3; 0.6; 0.9 %) and fermentation periods (0, 7, 14, 21 days). Each treatment was replicated three times. Addition 6 % molasses of fresh weight grass was employed in all the treatment. The result indicated that different of Lactobacillus plantarum addition, fermentation periods and their interaction were highly significant effect on pH, OM, CF and EE value (p<0.01). Interaction of two factors also highly significant influence to DM and CP content of dwarf elephant grass silage. Lactobacillus plantarum addition factor has highly significant effect on CP content and fermentation period was a significant effect on CP value of dwarf elephant grass silage. Physical quality of dwarf elephant grass with various Lactobacillus plantarum addition and fermentation periods shown a good quality of silage with fresh and acidic odor, good texture, a little bit browny color, and no fungi. Average pH of silage was around 3.90 – 4.30 after incubation 7 – 21 days. Average of nutritive value dwarf elephant grass silage were 11.55 – 13.15 % DM, 81.13-82.32 % OM, 10.48 – 12.00 % CP, 22.31 – 25.27 % CF and 1.21 – 2.98% EE. It can be concluded that Lactobacillus plantarum addition can faster ensilage fermentation and the best silage was on treatment 0.6 % Lactobacillus plantarum addition and 7 days fermentation periods.
The Effect of Addition Azotobacter Microbial Culture on Cow Feces as a Plant Fertilizer
Authors: Cholis N , Nursita I W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of adding Azotobacter microbial culture on cow feces as plant fertilizer. The material used was 360 kg of cow feces, 20 kg of rice husk, 20 kg of rice bran and 750 ml of Azotobacter microbial culture, 30 liters of water, 9 liters of molasses, Odot (Pennisetum purporeum cv. Mott) grass cuttings, corn (Zea mays saccharata) seeds and Edamame (Glycine max L Meril) seeds. This research method is an experiment. The design was a Completely Randomized Design (RCD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatment was T0, namely the use of feces without the addition of Azotobacter microbial culture, T1 with the addition of 150 ml/100 kg of material, T2 with the addition of 250 ml/100 kg of material and T3 with the addition of 350 ml/100 kg of material. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, number of branches and number of tillers. Plant height was significantly different (P<0.05) from treatment, for all plants. The addition of 350 ml/100 kg of material, gave the highest plant height on Odot grass, corn and Edamame by 33.60 cm, 86.8 cm, and 26.14 ± 1.89 cm, respectively. This is due to the highest element K which plays a role in maintaining turgor pressure and ensuring the continuation of cell elongation. From this study it can be concluded that the addition of Azotobacter microbial culture can increase the nutrient content of compost with cow feces material. When used as fertilizer, it can increase plant growth.
Anti-Obesity Effect of Yoghurt Synbiotic in High Fat Diet Induced Wistar Rats
Authors: Andriani R D , Rahayu P P , Apriliyani M W , Sawitri M E , Manab A , Azkarahman A R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The prevalence of obesity which tends to increase is also known to be one of the triggers for various degenerative diseases. The main reason for obesity is unbalanced lifestyle. One solution that can be applied in overcoming the problem of degenerative diseases is by consuming functional food such as probiotics. Probiotics are mostly familiar in fermented products, especially milk-based products as well as yoghurt. This study uses yoghurt added with sweet potatoes containing Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris and Streptococcus salivarius subsp thermophilus as a starter culture. This study aims to determine the effect of giving synbiotic yoghurt towards body weight’s decrease in wistar rats feed under a high-fat diet. In this study, 24 wistar rats were grouped into 4 treatment groups particularly P1 (control); P2 (by giving yoghurt with a dose of 1 ml per day); P3 (1.5 ml per day); and P4 (2.5 ml per day). The treatment is carried out for 3 weeks and weighing is done every week. The results showed that the treatment group had the ability to reduce body weight significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group.
Effect of Dietary of Supplementation Mannan-Riched Fraction (MRF) and Probiotic-Enhanced Liquid Acidifier on the Growth Performance, Serum Blood Biochemistry, and Intestinal Properties of Broilers
Authors: Sjofjan O , Adli D N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop suitable alternatives in order to counteract the anticipated drawbacks associated with the ban of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). The research purpose is to carry out the possible effect of mannan-riched fraction (MRF) and probiotic enhanced water as natural growth promoters (NGPs) on performance, relative organ weight, serum blood biochemistry, intestinal properties, and intestinal micro flora. 320 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments and 4 replicates of 20 birds per cage. four treatments used for research were dietary with control (T0), basal diet + MRF 80 g (T1), Drinking water + 2 mL/L combination feed additive (T2), and basal feed + MRF 80 g+ drinking water 2 mL/L combination feed additive (T3). The results showed that using mannan riched fraction (MRF) and combination with probiotic-enhanced liquid acidifier presented significant difference (P > 0.05) on body weight gain at 1-28 days and intestinal properties. On the blood biochemistry, the effect of supplementation began to reduce the amount of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) at 21 days periods. To sum up, the addition of mannan-riched fraction and combination with probiotic enhanced liquid acidifier doesn’t impacted on growth performance, and serum blood biochemistry but give significant effect on intestinal properties of broiler.
Program Analysis of Rural Farmer School in Ngantru Village, Bojonegoro Regency
Authors: Azizah S , Meilani S , Kuswati  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to analyze the process of farmer empowerment in Rural Farmer School (Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat/SPR) Mega Jaya founding and to find the impact of the program that might improve farmer resources in social-culture and economic aspects. The research was held in Rural Farmer School (SPR) Mega Jaya in Ngantru Village, Bojonegoro Regency for three months from 1st March until 1st June 2018. The material of this research was the human instrument which was the researchers themselves. The method of this research was qualitative, seven informants were chosen purposively and data collected were literacy study, interview, and observation. The data analysis used inductive qualitative method through data collection, data assessment, verification, and conclusion. The process of farmers’ empowerment in Rural Farmer School is pre-evaluation, prototyping, implementation, affirmation, and independence of the program. The Rural Farmer School program had both positive and negative sides. This program affected mostly in social-culture. It affected some aspects such as increasing mutual assistance, motivation, security, and kinship but it decreased farmers’ working hours. The program also affected the economic side, such as increasing workforce, asset, and infrastructure. There was a negative side that appears on the financial aspect that caused the expenditures increasing of self-help development.
Effects of Nitrogen and Sulphur Fertilization on the Production and Nutritive Values of Two Elephant Grass Cultivars at Two Different Harvesting Times
Authors: Fauzi M M , Soetanto H , Mashudi  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A laboratory experiment was carried out to ascertain the effects of adding nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilizers on the nutritive values of two elephant grass cultivars, that is Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan (EGT) and Mott (EGM) at 45 and 60 days harvesting times. Three levels of N fertilizer equivalent to,0, 500, and 1000 kg/Ha/year and two combination of N + S fertilizers equivalent to 500 kg N+571 kg S;1000 kg N+1143 kg S/Ha/year, respectively were allotted into a nested complete randomized design with three replicates each. Approximately 10 kg of soil was placed in each poly bag + one clump of grass and the sward was allowed to grow for 90 days, trimmed and harvested at their respective times. The results showed that the use of fertilizers particularly nitrogen linearly increased the nutrition content of grass and the dose of 1000 kg N+1143 kg S/Ha/year resulted in the highest CP content regardless of the harvesting times. EGM may offer more digestible nutrients than EGT due to superiority in the leaf: stem ratio than EGM. In conclusion EGM can be recommended to replace EGT for ruminant forage.
Supply Chain Management Information System of Duck Meat at Madura Island (Case Study at Sinjay Duck Restaurant)
Authors: Febrianto N , Hartono B , Yulinarsari A P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aims to determine and analyze the supply chain management information system of duck meat at Madura Island, East Java, Indonesia. Respondents of the study were duck farmers, intermediate traders, suppliers, fried duck restaurants, and consumers. Primary data of the study was gathered using structured questionnaires consists flow of information, material, and financial along the supply chain. Secondary data was provided by related institution. Method dutilized in this study was survey with purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Data collected in this research was analyzed with qualitative descriptive analysis. Results showed that the flow of information in the supply chain of duck meat at Sinjay Duck Restaurant was including the purchasing DOD, Feed and Vitamins/Medicines. Information of duck breeders to duck traders and duck suppliers. The flow of products in the supply chain of duck meat at Sinjay Duck Restaurant explains the quantity and quality of the product.
Effect of (Leucaena leucocephala) Leaves as Tannin Source on Rumen Microbial Enzyme Activities and In Vitro Gas Production Kinetics
Authors: Mahanani M M P , Kurniawati A , Hanim C , Anas M A , Yusiati L M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLeucaena leucocephalahas become one legume most commonly used in ruminant feeding practices and which contains CT with potential to reduce CH4 emissions, improve feed protein utilization. This study was aimed to determine the effect ofL. leucocephalaleaves as a tannin source on rumen amylase, CMC-ase, β-glucosidase, protease activity and kinetic of gas production. The study began with tannin protein-binding capacity evaluation. The levels ofL. leucocephalaleaves which used were 0%, 10%, and 25%. Feed fermentation was conducted using Menke and Steingass gas production technique for 48 hours. Kinetic of gas production was analyzed using the Fit Curve programme. Data obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA, and continued by DMRT. The results of this study showed that the tannin protein-binding capacity was 1.2680 mg BSA/mg DM ofL. leucocephalaleaves. Amilase, CMC-ase, β-glucosidase, and protease activity decreased significantly (P<0.01) at 10% and 25%L. leucocephala.Gas production from soluble fractions (a) was not affected by the treatment. Gas production from the potentially degraded fraction (b) decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 10% and 25%L. leucocephala. The potential extent of gas production (a+b) decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 25%L. leucocephala.The gas production rate (c) increased significantly (P<0.05) at 25%L. leucocephala.Inclusion up to 25% ofL. leucocephalaleaves in the diet reduce rumen hydrolytic enzymes activity, the soluble and the potentially degraded fraction (a+b) and gas.
Methane Production and Methanogens Diversity in in vitro Ruminal Fermentation with Mahogany Leaves Meal (Swietenia mahagoni) as Tannin Source
Authors: Hasanah C , Kurniawati A , Yusiati L M , Muhlisin  , Bachruddin Z 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Swietenia mahagoni has been extensively studied and applied as feed additives, a strategy to manipulate rumen fermentation in reducing methanogenesis. The research aimed to determine the effect of using Swietenia mahagoni as tannin source on methane production, gas production kinetics and the diversity of methanogenic archaea by in vitro rumen fermentation. Swietenia mahagoni was given to substitute the elephant grass at levels of 0, 25, and 50%. Fermentation was carried out by in vitro gas production technique according to Menke and Steingass. Methane was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) methode. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis was used to detect changes of rumen methanogenic archaea diversity. Result showed that Swietenia mahagoni leaves with level 50% reduced methane production by 39,26% (P=0,08). Gas production from insoluble fraction (b) decreased as much as 47.23% from control with using Swietenia mahagoni leaves 50%. The uncultured methanoculles was dominating community member 36.35% with MspI, while uncultured euryarchaeote clone is 80.24% MCR-F1SP-1 with TaqI. Inclusion of Swietenia mahagoni as much as 50% in diet could decrease methane production, gas production from potential degraded fractions and diversity of methanogenic archaea.
The application of design of experiment method in finite element model updating for estimating uncertainties of Laser Stitch Welded Structure
Authors: Aziz Shah M A S , Yunus M A , Abdul Rani M N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The sensitivity based finite element model updating is a common method to improve the correlation between the initial finite element model and actual structure. The method is considered to be deterministic to correct the modelling parameters that lead to better predictions of the dynamic behaviour of a structure. However, for a complex jointed structure, there may contains variability and uncertainties that causing the structure become non-deterministic problems. Usually, variability in actual structure may arise from many sources such as geometrical tolerance and manufacturing process. Meanwhile, uncertainties in modelling usually results from the use of nominal material properties and imprecise joint stiffness. Therefore, this paper is intended to propose a novel approach to deal with modelling uncertainties and to perform the model updating of complex jointed structure by using statistical design of experiment (DOE) methods. Initially, the finite element model of the structure was constructed using CQUAD4 shell element and the area contact model (ACM) element connectors was used to represent laser stitch weld joints. Due to the lack of information on the structure and the welds, the input material properties used in the finite element model was based on nominal value of mild steel. Then, DOE methods such as Central composite design (CCD), D-optimal design and Latin hypercube (LHS) were used to estimate the new starting value for the material properties of the model. The results of the finite element models based on DOEs were compared with experimental data in terms of its natural frequencies. The correlations of the nominal FE model, CCD based FE model, D-optimal based FE model and LHS based finite element model with experimental counterpart were improved by using sensitivity based model updating. The results then were compared to identify the feasibility, accuracy and efficiency of the DOE methods in estimating reasonable starting material properties values and further overcome the uncertainties problems. The results show that DOE methods were efficient to be used in FE modelling and model updating since it capable to improve the accuracy of the prediction results.