bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sanaei Masumeh , Kavoosi Fraidoon , Modaresi Farzan 
Published: October 2020

The basic unit of chromatin is a nucleosome included an octamer of the four core histones and 147 base pairs of DNA. Posttranslational histones modifications affect chromatin structure resulting in gene expression changes. CpG islands hypermethylation within the gene promoter regions and the deacetylation of histone proteins are the most common epigenetic modifications. The aberrant patterns of methylation localized in normally unmethylated CPG islands mediate chromatin compaction resulting in gene silencing and cancer induction. The current review article aimed to assess and analyze the available literature on the tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) hypermethylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For this review article, the suitable studies were obtained by searching PubMed, SCOPUS, NCBI, and Ovid database from 1995 up to September 2018 with the MeSH terms combined with free terms. A total 1483 Items were identified in SCOPUS (n = 459), PubMed (n = 832), Ovid (n = 118), and other reference sources (n = 74). After the assessment, 73 manuscripts were included in the current study. In total, 13 genes were found to have the most effect on HCC. Therefore, we selected them to evaluate as candidate genes in this cancer. TSGs can affect cell cycle during various stages of the cycle an at the cell cycle checkpoints. The hypermethylation of these genes results in chromatin compaction and TSGs silencing which induces HCC.
Peran Akses E-Jurnal Internasional untuk Para Mahasiswa Selama masa Work from Home
Authors: Nugroho Prasetyo Adi 
Published: October 2020

Pandemi Covid-19 benar benar mengubah tatanan hidup sebagian besar masyarakat di Indonesia. Selama masa PSBB, semua instansi pendidikan baik sekolah, balai diklat, tempat kursus, maupun universitas meliburkan kegiatan belajar mengajar yang selama ini dilaksanakan dengan tatap muka dikelas. Akses E-jurnal bisa menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi kendala keterbatasan akses literatur pada pendidikan tinggi. studi ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan akses –jurnal bagi para akademisi. Studi ini menggunakan metode kaulitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan studi kepustakaan. Temuan data selanjutnya dianalisis dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa Akses E-jurnal tidak hanya didapat dari berlangganan jurnal, tapi juga dari artikel buatan akademisi yang telah dipublikasikan oleh jurnal tujuan. Selain itu, open access memberikan kemudahan bagi para akademisi dalam menambah literatur yang mereka butuhkan, sehingga bisa melewati situasi work from home dengan tetap produktif.
Big climate data assessment of viticultural conditions for wine quality determination in France
Authors: Tsai Ya-Lun S. , Lin Shih-Yuan 
Published: October 2020

Grapevine is one of the economically most important crops especially in Europe. Although its investment value has been widely recognized, the complex interactions between climate and viticulture remain immaturely understood and modeled, which largely limits a reliable investing strategy by using the observed climate conditions to estimate the wine quality. Therefore, with the aim of comprehensively analyzing the climate-viticulture relationship, compared to most previous studies which employed a few climate factors derived from sparsely located meteorological stations, in the present study, we include 22 climate factors, including temperature, water balance, atmosphere, and radiation data provided by a global land assimilation system covering a period of 40 years (1970 to 2010) as well as two large-scale atmospheric teleconnection indices to establish a holistic climate-wine quality model. Moreover, instead of the conventionally used simple regression methods, to deal with the comprehensive but volume climate dataset, we employ the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression method, which excels in ingesting a massive amount of variables having complex collinearities. In the pre-analysis of correlations between utilized climate factors, it is found that sunlight has the strongest connections with other factors as it correlates with the most number of climate factors. On the contrary, temperature, the conventionally most commonly employed factor, correlates with much fewer factors. Finally, via validation with wine vintage scores derived from two authoritative rating systems, it is ensured that our proposed approach can accurately establish the climate-wine quality models for four well-known wine-growing regions in France, including Alsace, Bordeaux, Burgundy, and Champagne. Due to the more complex climate pattern of Bordeaux compared to other regions, two bank-wise models instead of a bank-merged model is vital for Bordeaux to achieve a similar modeling accuracy. Eventually, a satisfactory vintage deviance explaining accuracy with one standard deviation score residual within ± 6 points can be achieved in all regions. Therefore, based on the established climate-wine quality model together with the observed climate conditions, the wine quality of each region can be reliably predicted, which provides a reliable reference for wine investment.
Sensory characterisation of Bordeaux red wines produced without added sulfites
Authors: Pelonnier-Magimel Edouard , Mangiorou Pinelopi , Philippe Darriet , De Revel Gilles , Jourdes Michael , Marchal Axel , Marchand Stéphanie , Pons Alexandre , Riquier Laurent , Tesseidre Pierre-Louis , Thibon Cécile , Lytra Georgia , Tempère Sophie , BARBE Jean-Christophe 
Published: October 2020

Aim: The evolution of consumer expectations has led to the development of new production methods using low inputs. From an oenological point of view, these methods include the production of wines without any SO2 being added throughout the process. These wines are becoming very popular among consumers, but the absence of SO2 during winemaking increases the risk of stability problems. Such wines have been poorly explored in the literature and there is thus a real need for them to be characterised. This study was developed to evaluate whether Bordeaux quality wines produced without added SO2 have their own typicality, and it provides an insight into current wine production.Methods and results: From a batch of fifty-two commercial Bordeaux red wines produced without adding SO2 and twenty red wines made according to the usual winemaking methods, a selection tasting was performed to eliminate wines with at least one defect further to a sensory space evaluation. In a second phase, the Napping test was applied to defect-free wines to evaluate the sensory specificities of wines produced without SO2 addition. The wines without SO2 addition presented a much higher frequency of defects than those with SO2 (70 % vs 15 % respectively). Defects described in wines without added SO2 were: “Oxidation” (47 %), “Volatile phenols” (31 %), “Mousy off-flavor” (10 %), “Reduction” (8 %) and “Vegetable” (4 %). Since the study focused on quality wines with or without SO2 addition, it was difficult for the tasters to discriminate between them according to their overall technical pathway.Conclusion: This approach has revealed that despite the large number of “non-added SO2” wines with defects, upon blind tasting, expert tasters highlighted some “non-added SO2” wines without defects. Nevertheless, at equivalent quality levels within the same geographic region, and in non-targeted sensory tests, wines with and without SO2 addition were considered to be quite similar.Significance of the study: This study was a first sensory step toward the objective characterisation of “non-added SO2” wines, enabling further work to highlight markers of quality in wines without SO2 addition and to develop the production of “non-added SO2” wines without defects. Nevertheless, at this stage, our results show that the absence of sulfites during the whole winemaking process, including bottling, increases the risk of the development of defects.
Clad rolled reinforcing bars
Authors: Ovchinnikov E. S. , Ovchinnikova I. A. 
Published: October 2020

Premature destruction of reinforced concrete structures exposed to aggressive environmental influences is a serious problem, both from a technical and economic point of view. Carbon steel reinforcing bar embedded in concrete is usually not subject to corrosion due to the formation of a protective ion-oxide film that passivates the steel under conditions of strong alkalis in the concrete pores. However, this passivity can be disrupted by chlorides penetrating the concrete, or by carbonation reaching the surface of the reinforcing bar. Then the corrosion begins.An example of a solution to this problem is the replacement of conventional steel reinforcement with clad steel during construction. Through the closely spaced interface of two solid metals, the atoms diffuse with each other at different speeds, at a high temperature, and at a certain pressure. This creates a metallurgical bond between two solid metals, the integrity or «strength» of which depends on the «purity» of the interface between the two metals and on the atoms that make up this «transition zone» or bond.The article investigates plated rebar, to determine the possibility of production in a mill 320 OJSC «BSW – Management Company of the Holding «BMC». To study the new type of reinforcing bars, special types of research were conducted as determining the chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties. The main advantages of this type of product are defined in the article.
Modernization of the cable car in order to take into account the length of the metal cord at the stage of its final production
Authors: Brezgun S. F. , Negru A. S. 
Published: October 2020

To achieve accuracy and stability in measuring the length of the metal cord at the stage of its manufacture, it is necessary to modernize the existing rope-twisting equipment. The upgrade introduced a new algorithm for rope-twisting equipment, changed the length accounting system of the steel cord, used the latest equipment and technology. A contactless electric power transmission system and a wireless data transmission system based on an infrared channel have been introduced.The use of the latest technologies and our own innovations allowed us to obtain a completely new type of rope-twisting machine that can produce metal cord according to the requirements of the consumer’s specification.
Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for the Development of a Forecasting Tool for Cyclic Gas Injection in Hydraulically-Fractured Wells
Authors: Seilkhanov Anuar , Otynshin Daniyar , Novopokrovskiy Georgiy , Artun Emre 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Single-well cyclic gas injection (cyclic pressure pulsing) is an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method that includes injecting different types of gases that soaks into formation. In hydraulically-fractured wells, surface area of fracture can help the gas-diffusion process to be more effective. After the injected gas penetrates into the rock matrix, increased pressure and interaction of injected gas with the oil can result in improved production rates. As in all other EOR applications, performance-forecasting is critical to properly design the operational aspects of this application. In situations where a reliable numerical model or reservoir simulator is not accessible, machine learning methods can offer an alternative approach for forecasting the performance in a practical manner. When the dataset used for training is generated from numerical simulation runs, machine learning model serves as a proxy to the reservoir simulator by accurately predicting the performance variables from a set of input parameters. This eliminates the necessity to have access to a reservoir simulator and helps to conduct comprehensive analyses in a timely manner. In this study, various machine learning algorithms were tested to develop predictive models for the cyclic injection process by using a dataset obtained from numerical simulation runs. To design machine learning models, we used the provided database with 5 operational parameters: injection rate, injection time, soaking time, cycle rate, the composition of three injected gases (CO2, N2, CH4) and output as the economic efficiency for each year derived by simulations. Based on the given simulations data, three different machine learning models were constructed: Random Forest, Neural Network, and Multiple Linear Regression. Firstly, data is analyzed by the visualization of input variables and importance identification to observe the correlation between each other and find similar patterns. Secondly, models were created based on input and output variables. Finally, improvement of prediction performance, accuracy optimization, and error computational techniques are applied to each of the three methods using R tool. Among the three algorithms, validation performance of random forests was the best with a coefficient of determination of 0.93.
Integrating Biomarker Analysis with Carbon Stable Isotope Signatures for Genetic Classification and Tracing Possible Migration Pathways of Hydrocarbons of Pre Caspian Basin
Authors: Seitkhaziyev Yessimkhan Sherekhanovich , Uteyev Rakhim Nagangaliyevich , Sarsenbekov Nariman Danebekovich , Tassemenov Yernur Tassemenovich 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies (GCMS-SIM) of 170 oil samples derived from 32 different fields, located in the southern parts of the Pr-Caspian basin for the genetic classification of oils based on their biomarker and aromatic compositions. In addition, 10 representative oil samples from different fields were chosen for carbon isotope analysis of oils, their fractions and individual n-alkanes. The genetic classification based on biomarker distributions revealed different types of oils, distinguishable mainly by lithology of their source rocks: according to their terpane distributions oil samples from Aktube, Dosmukhambetov, S. Nurzhanov, Karasor, Teren-uzek, Akniyaz, Western Prorva and Kisymbai fields were generated in carbonate source rocks, while samples from the rest fields were derived from shaly source rocks. Oils of Karashiganak and Balgimbayev also have a certain contribution of carbonate OM. The results of PCA cluster analysis based on biomarker distributions indicate the presence of genetically different oils in the studied fields. Also it was attempted to determine the direction of hydrocarbon migration pathways between certain objects and horizons.
A Comprehensive Approach to Solving the Problem of Involving the Development of Hydrocarbon Reserves of the Eastern Ustyurt's Field
Authors: Khodos Olga , Maysyuk Dmitry , Ushakov Igor , Yangaliev Farid , Yakubov Ruslan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A comprehensive approach to assessing risks and uncertainties using a 3D geological and hydrodynamic model of the field, as well as mapping the least risky zones in terms of the availability of hydrocarbon reserves, was applied in a field in Eastern Ustyurt. The decision to develop hydrocarbon reserves takes into account geological and technological uncertainties. Selecting intervals with increased permeability based on core data by "typing" the section is proposed. The main parameters affecting the reliability of hydrocarbon reserves were analyzed, and the ranges of their changes were determined. The reliability of the structural frame position was evaluated. Algorithms for automating the process of evaluating the best drilling direction in the presence of technical parameter uncertainties are proposed. This differentiated approach to workover planning takes into account general limitations and technological uncertainties.
Conformance Control Completion Unlocks Production Horizons of Tengiz Field
Authors: Kamispayev Akylbek , Saduakassov Bekzhan , Clarke John , Manakhayev Ruslan , Gazizova Alima 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The team evaluated multiple options for conformance control, with the primary focus on shutting off water. The team broadened the focus to include gas shut off, as well as implementation in the sour gas injection wells, and the water injection wells. The new completions have become the preferred completion for most of the wells. The conformance control packer assembly is selected based on the openhole caliper logs, pressure measurements, drilling breaks, fluid saturations and the thickness of the reservoir intervals. After the drilling rig runs the completion, the wells are completed with a coiled tubing unit. The coiled tubing tools and procedures have improved since the initial swell packer completions. Many of the new wells use smart coil with embedded fiber optic cable to help ensure a successful completion.
The swell packer completions have been very successful as a whole, but not every swell packer is effective in isolating between layers. The Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) has been very useful in identifying both leaking packers, as well as communication between zones from within the reservoir. There are several benefits of using the swell packers for mechanical diversion of stimulation fluids. Without the swell packer completions, the average treated zone was 500m thick. Initially, most conformance control completions consisted of three to four packers. Since then the average number of packers has increased to five to six packers per well. Most stimulation treatments now target an interval of less than 100m. There have been several major rig workovers (MRWO) in the sour gas injection area of the field. Comparisons pre and post MRWO well performance indicate that the swell packer improved the productivity of wells.
This paper shows how the swell packer completions have helped to reduce unwanted fluids and enhanced the oil production capability of the wells. It will describe the selection process for packer placement, and the success rate of these packers. The paper also covers the evolution of the coiled tubing procedures that helped to make the conformance control program a success.
The Novel Approach to Pressure Transient Analysis in Highly Fractured Reservoirs: Case Study from Patardzeuli Field, Georgia
Authors: Ramatullayev Samat , Akbayev Beibit , Tsaplin Dmitri , Urazaliev Jenis , Goloborodko Andrey 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fractures are common features of many carbonate reservoirs. Given complex flow network that they create, characterization of dynamic behavior of these reservoirs is often complicated and becomes important, especially, if fractures provide primary pathways of fluid flow. In this paper a novel semi-analytical simulator was used to understand the pressure behavior of naturally fractured reservoir containing a network of discrete and/or connected finite and infinite-conductivity fractures.
In this study an integrated interpretation methodology is applied to analyze well test data acquired in open hole section of exploration well drilled into highly fractured carbonate reservoir of Lower Eocene – Upper Cretaceous sediments on Patardzeuli field of Block XI-B, Republic of Georgia. The main steps consisted of explicitly modeling fractures - both wellbore-intersecting fractures and fractures located away from wellbore - using formation microimager data and calibrating the model to actual well test response using a unique novel mesh-free semi-analytical simulator designed for fractured reservoirs.
Study presents the results of well test of one zone performed in highly fractured carbonate reservoir drilled in Patardzeuli field. The pressure-transient response confirmed the complexity of reservoir and dominant contribution to flow regimes from fractures.
It is shown in this paper that there are many factors that dominate transient behavior of a well intersected by natural fractures, such as fracture conductivity, length, intensity and distribution, as well as whether fractures intersect the wellbore or not. Moreover, it was demonstrated that presence or absence of damage on wellbore-intersecting fractures in vicinity of wellbore will impact the pressure-transient behavior of reservoir and shape overall productivity of the well.
The novelty of the approach is the analysis of the dynamic behavior using a unique semi-analytical pressure transient simulator for fractured reservoirs. The simulator can be used to obtain a response for arbitrarily distributed infinite and/or finite conductivity natural fractures within the reservoir by modeling them explicitly. In this study, it allowed to maximize the value of well tests by assessing the effect of fractures on reservoir dynamic behavior and obtain matrix and fracture parameters where conventional well test interpretation tools would be deemed unviable.
Features of Field Development with Tight Carbonate Reservoirs by Waterflooding
Authors: Mukanov Adil Rashidenovich , Bigeldiyev Asfandiyar , Batu Assem , Kuvanyshev Amir Maratovich 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Bulak field is a unique oil field located in the South-Turgai basin. It consists of heterogeneous carbonates. Throughout the field, the reservoirs vary from highly fractured clean limestones with strong aquifer to very tight limy claystone with low amount of bed-bound fractures and no water production. Active infill drilling followed after the exploration stage revealed uncertainties related to the main issues of development, i.e., location of new wells, their trajectory, EOR techniques and most importantly, waterflooding.
A comprehensive study was conducted based on all the petrophysical, seismic, geological, and reservoir engineering data. As a result, 3D geological and dynamic models were built. During the analysis, special focus was on geological structure and petrophysical characteristics as well as pressure transient analysis due to drastic changes in reservoir properties within small distances. In addition, the production history and the main stimulation, and EOR measurements, especially fracturing, acidizing and nitrogen huff ‘n’ puff results, were taken into account. Eventually, the waterflooding was simulated to identify its benefits and possible field application.
Based on comprehensive study, the field is divided into several zones. The main criteria for dividing became a lithology that is represented by weathered crust, pure limestones, shaly limestones, limy claystones, and bioliths. Each part requires a different approach in development. If the north part is highly fractured and consists of limestones, water shut off is required due to active aquifer, middle part pressure support and the south part horizontal drilling or sidetracking with multistage high-tonnage fracturing. As a result, waterflooding was decided to be implemented in the part of the field characterized by ultralow permeability formation. Thus, recently, four producers were converted to water injection along with the fact that the injection is performed using low-salinity water. Surprisingly, injectors' rates are high enough, current voidage replacement ratio is sufficient and the results are unexpected.
The reservoir is very complex where the lithology is drastically distributed within a small area. However, most of the territory is represented by very tight formation. Eventually, after several years of fields operation, many aspects became clear after the research work and development strategy was updated. So, the company is ready to develop such an unconventional reservoir that is one of the few fields in Kazakhstan.