bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body mass estimation in hominins from humeral articular dimensions
Authors: Ruff Christopher B. , Squyres Nicole , Junno Juho‐Antti 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesWhile many attempts have been made to estimate body mass in hominins from lower limb bone dimensions, the upper limb has received far less attention in this regard. Here we develop new body mass estimation equations based on humeral articular breadths in a large modern human sample and apply them to 95 Plio‐Pleistocene specimens.Materials and MethodsHumeral head superoinferior and total distal articular mediolateral breadths were measured in a morphologically diverse sample of 611 modern human skeletons whose body masses were estimated from bi‐iliac breadth and reconstructed stature. Reduced major axis regressions were used to compute body mass estimation equations. Consistency of the resulting estimates with those derived previously using lower limb bone equations was assessed in matched Plio‐Pleistocene individuals or samples.ResultsIn the modern reference sample, the new humeral body mass estimation equations exhibit only slightly lower precision compared to the previously derived lower limb bone equations. They give generally similar estimates for Pleistocene Homo, after accounting for the different shape of the humeral head articular surface in archaic Middle and Late Pleistocene Homo, except for distal humeral estimates for Late Pleistocene specimens, which average somewhat below lower limb estimates. Humeral equations give body mass estimates for australopiths that appear much too high, except for Australopithecus sediba. A chimpanzee‐based distal humeral articular formula appears to work well for larger australopith specimens.DiscussionThe new formulae provide a more secure foundation for estimating hominin body mass from humeri than previously available equations.
Synthese, Charakterisierung und Reaktivität eines Nitrooxylierungsreagenzes basierend auf einer hypervalenten Iodverbindung
Authors: Calvo Roxan , Le Tellier Antoine , Nauser Thomas , Rombach David , Nater Darryl , Katayev Dmitry 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDie vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Synthese und Charakterisierung eines hypervalenten Iodreagenzes, das die direkte und selektive Nitrooxylierung enolisierbarer Carbonylverbindungen und damit Zugang zu einer Breite organischer Salpetersäureester erlaubt. Das Reagenz ist unter konventionellen Laborbedingungen stabil, leicht handzuhaben und erlaubt den Transfer der Nitrooxygruppe unter milden Bedingungen. Die Aktivierung des Reagenzes durch Brønstedt‐ und Lewis‐Säuren wurde im Rahmen der Darstellung nitrooxylierter β‐Ketoester, 1,3‐Diketone sowie Malonate gezeigt, während ein photoredoxkatalytischer Aktivierungsmodus den Zugang zu nitrooxylierten Oxindolen erlaubt. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurde der Mechanismus unter Verwendung von Pulsradiolyse, Fluoreszenzspektroskopie und UV‐Vis‐Spektroelektrochemie untersucht. Hierbei zeigte sich ein einzigartiger SET‐induzierter konzertierter Reaktionsverlauf, der nicht auf der Bildung des freien Nitratradikals beruht.
Ein Multitarget‐Gold(I)‐Komplex induziert Zytotoxizität im Zusammenhang mit Aneuploidie in HCT‐116‐Kolorektalkarzinomzellen
Authors: Zhang Jing‐Jing , Abu el Maaty Mohamed A. , Hoffmeister Henrik , Schmidt Claudia , Muenzner Julienne K. , Schobert Rainer , Wölfl Stefan , Ott Ingo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEin neuartiger Alkinylphosphan‐Gold(I)‐Komplex – (Trimethylphosphan)(3‐(1,3‐dimethylxanthin‐7‐yl)prop‐1‐in‐1‐yl)gold(I) (1) – zeigte eine Vielzahl biologischer Aktivitäten, darunter selektive proliferationshemmende, antimetastatische und antiangiogene Wirkungen. In HCT‐116‐Kolonkarzinomzellen induzierte der Komplex zudem mit Aneuploidie in Zusammenhang stehende Effekte, die hauptsächlich auf die Dysfunktion der mitochondrialen Bioenergetik und die Herunterregulierung der Glykolyse zurückgeführt werden konnten. Die Induktion von Aneuploidie über ein kritisches Maß hinaus kann eine wirksame Strategie zur Bekämpfung von Krebs darstellen, besonders bei kolorektalen Tumoren mit einer geringen Toleranz für Aneuploidie. Dies könnte für 1 und andere Metallwirkstoffe von Bedeutung sein.
Engulfment Genes Promote Neuronal Regeneration in Caenorhabditis Elegans: Two Divergent But Complementary Views
Authors: Chang Chieh , Hisamoto Naoki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAxon regeneration is a conserved process across the animal kingdom. Recent studies using the soil worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system revealed that machineries regulating engulfment of dying cells also control axon regeneration and axon debris removal. In this review, the relationships between the engulfment machinery and the biological processes triggered by axon injury and subsequent axon regeneration drawn from divergent views are examined. In one study, it is found that engulfing cells directly promote axon regeneration. In this context, CED‐1 (Drosophila Draper/mouse MEGF10), an engulfment protein expressed on the surface of engulfing cells, functions as a receptor for axon debris removal and as an adhesion molecule for axon regeneration. In other studies, it is shown that those engulfment genes, previously known to function within the engulfing cells for cell corpse removal, can have a cell‐autonomous “non‐engulfing cell” role in axon regeneration. Together, these findings suggest that engulfment genes are repurposed for neuronal regeneration by acting in both engulfing cells and regenerating neurons.
Accurate and simple determination of oxcarbazepine in human plasma and urine samples using switchable‐hydrophilicity solvent in GC–MS
Authors: Erarpat Sezin , Bodur Süleyman , Ayyıldız Merve Fırat , Günkara Ömer Tahir , Erulaş Fatih , Chormey Dotse Selali , Turak Fatma , Budak Türkan Börklü , Bakırdere Sezgin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis work presents a sensitive and rapid analytical method for the determination of oxcarbazepine in human plasma and urine samples. A vortex‐assisted switchable hydrophilicity solvent‐based liquid phase microextraction (VA–SHS–LPME) was used to preconcentrate oxcarbazepine from the samples before the determination by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The switchable hydrophilicity solvent was synthesized by protonating N,N‐dimethylbenzylamine with carbon dioxide to make it totally miscible with an equivalent volume of water. Parameters of the VA–SHS–LPME method including volume of switchable hydrophilicity solvent, concentration/volume of sodium hydroxide and vortex period were systematically optimized. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity ranging from 27.03 to 353.47 μg/kg was obtained for the analyte. Limit of detection and quantitation values were found to be 6.2 and 21 μg/kg (mass base), respectively. The relative standard deviation was calculated as 6.9% for six replicate measurements of the lowest concentration of the calibration plot. Satisfactory recovery results were calculated in the range of 97–100% for human plasma and urine samples spiked at five different concentrations.
A web‐based integrated GUI for 3D modeling, kinematic study, and control of robotic manipulators
Authors: Dey Ujjal , Cheruvu S. Kumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe simulation‐based analysis of any robotic system has emerged broadly in the past few years for application in educational and research enhancement. Currently, many simulation tools are available for different research areas on robotics with some advantages and limitations. In this study, the methodology of creating a web‐based graphical user interface is proposed for motion simulations and kinematic study of industrial robotic manipulators. It describes simple and straightforward modeling techniques using Web Graphics Library for creating any three‐dimensional virtual model of the robots within an HTML canvas for its motion simulation and different kinds of analysis. The positional kinematic study of the programmable universal machine for assembly 560 (PUMA 560) industrial robot through the developed interface is presented here, which helps in understanding the whole framework and can be implemented quickly for any other simulation system development. An essential aspect of the kinematic study of these serial chain robots is inverse kinematic analysis demonstrated with PUMA 560 robot with all the possible solutions. Finally, the interface is connected to an actual system following web‐based communication architecture for remote control of the actual PUMA robot.
Accumulation of Minerals by Leccinum scabrum from Two Large Forested Areas in Central Europe: Notecka Wilderness and Tuchola Forest (Pinewoods)
Authors: Mędyk Małgorzata , Treu Roland , Falandysz Jerzy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLeccinum scabrum sporocarps and associated topsoils from two areas in Poland have been characterized for contents and bioconcentration potential of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn. Topsoil and fruitbody element composition varied between the two study sites, most likely as a result of local soil geochemistry. Element content of the labile fraction in topsoil from both sites followed the ‘pseudo‐total’ fraction and median values (mg kg−1 dry matter) were: K 380 and 340, Mg 760 and 840, P 1100 and 920, Al 3800 and 8100, Ag 0.31 and 0.28, Ba 28 and 37, Ca 920 and 790, Cd 0.23 and 0.23, Co 2.0 and 1.7, Cu 3.2 and 3.6, Fe 2800 and 6300, Mn 280 and 180, Na 99 and 110, Ni 7.8 and 8.8, Pb 12 and 18, Rb 1.3 and 2.1, Sr 4.8 and 4.0 and Zn 22 and 19, respectively. Only for some elements such as K, Mg, Al, Ag, Ca, Co, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr and Zn we found concentration differences between the two study sites for the caps of sporocarps. With the exception of Al, Mn, Na and Pb, stipes showed a similar tendency. Caps had a higher concentration of K, Rb, P, Mg, Al, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni compared to stipes, while Na, Ba and Sr contents were higher in stipes. The comparison of soil and fruitbody concentrations indicates that L. scabrum bioconcentrate some elements while others are bioexcluded.
The dynamic collapse of the trachea during anesthesia for a pediatric patient with a large anterior mediastinal mass: A case report
Authors: Niimi Naoko , Kataoka Kumi , Hayashida Masakazu , Inada Eiichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnesthesia for patient with large anterior mediastinal mass might induce life‐threatening complication. Maintaining the spontaneous breathing throughout the procedure and finding rescue position are the cornerstones of anesthetic management.
A Visible‐Light Promoted Amine Oxidation Catalyzed by a Cp*Ir Complex
Authors: Davis Holly Jane , Häussinger Daniel , Ward Thomas R. , Okamoto Yasunori 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThrough a rapid screening of Cp*Ir complexes based on a turn‐on type fluorescence readout, a [Cp*Ir(dipyrido[3,2‐a : 2’,3’‐c]phenazine)Cl]+ complex was found to catalyze the blue‐light promoted dehydrogenation of N‐heterocycles under physiological conditions. In the dehydrogenation of tetrahydroisoquinolines, the catalyst preferentially yielded the monodehydrogenated product, accompanying H2O2 generation. We surmise that this mechanism may be reminiscent of flavin‐dependent oxidases.
Modeling of Convective Drying of Sawdust Using a Reaction Engineering Approach
Authors: Mohd Yusof Hanna Amirah , Ng Jes Lynn , Ng Sze Chiat , Lee Yan Jie , Hii Ching Lik , Putranto Aditya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDrying as a simultaneous heat and mass transfer process can be modeled via the reaction engineering approach (REA) where the apparent activation energy of the material is established and related to its moisture content during drying. This relationship is unique as the normalized activation energies can be collapsed into a single equation irrespective of the drying conditions and dryer types. Here, REA was applied to model the drying kinetics of sawdust using convective hot air in a laboratory setup. The normalized (relative) activation energy curve generated from one drying experiment was employed to predict the drying kinetics and temperature profiles. The REA can describe well the convective drying kinetics of sawdust, and major physics of the drying process was captured well with this technique.
Optimization of Red Mombin Juice Spray Drying: Physicochemical and Sensory Analyses of Powders
Authors: Morais Bárbara D. M. , Silva Júnior Marcony E. , Andrade Samara A. C. , Converti Attilio , Silva Milena F. , Maciel Maria Inês S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOptimal spray drying conditions were selected to microencapsulate red mombin juice and maximize carotenoid retention. Microencapsulation was optimized following a rotatable central composite design where inlet temperature, feed flow rate, and maltodextrin concentration were chosen as independent variables. The powder prepared under optimized conditions, whose reconstituted nectar was the most appreciated by sensory analysis, exhibited a high total phenolic content and 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical scavenging capacity, and its physicochemical properties proved to be suitable for applications in the food industry.
Alkane Shape‐ and Size‐Recognized Selective Vapor Sorption in “Channel‐Like” Crystals Based on Thiacalixarene Assemblies
Authors: Yamada Manabu , Uemura Fumiya , Kunda Uma Maheswara Rao , Tanno Takenori , Katagiri Hiroshi , Hamada Fumio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Manabu Yamada at Akita University and colleagues from Yamagata University and Vellore Institute of Technology. The image depicts two activated “channel‐like” crystals, effectively adsorb branched and cyclic alkanes from linear, branched, and cyclic alkane vapors. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202000043.
First Total Syntheses of Novel Non‐Enzymatic Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolites and Their Identification in Edible Oils
Authors: Pavlíčková Tereza , Bultel‐Poncé Valérie , Guy Alexandre , Rocher Amandine , Reversat Guillaume , Vigor Claire , Durand Thierry , Galano Jean‐Marie , Jahn Ullrich , Oger Camille 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOxidative stress (OS) is an in vivo process leading to free radical overproduction, which triggers polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation resulting in the formation of racemic non‐enzymatic oxygenated metabolites. As potential biomarkers of OS, their in vivo quantification is of great interest. However, since a large number of isomeric metabolites is formed in parallel, their quantification remains difficult without primary standards. Three new PUFA‐metabolites, namely 18‐F3t‐isoprostane (IsoP) from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 20‐F4t‐neuroprostane (NeuroP) from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 20‐F3t‐NeuroP from docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn‐3) were synthesized by two complementary synthetic strategies. The first one relied on a racemic approach to 18(RS)‐18‐F3t‐IsoP using an oxidative radical anion cyclization as a key step, whereas the second used an enzymatic deracemization of a bicyclo[3.3.0]octene intermediate obtained from cyclooctadiene to pursue an asymmetric synthesis. The synthesized metabolites were applied in targeted lipidomics to prove lipid peroxidation in edible oils of commercial nutraceuticals.
Experimental and Theoretical Evidence of Spin‐Orbit Heavy Atom on the Light Atom 1H NMR Chemical Shifts Induced through H⋅⋅⋅I− Hydrogen Bond
Authors: Vícha Jan , Švec Petr , Růžičková Zdeňka , Samsonov Maksim A. , Bártová Kateřina , Růžička Aleš , Straka Michal , Dračínský Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Michal Straka and Martin Dračínský (IOCB Prague, Czech Academy of Sciences). The image depicts a neutron star, which is used to represent the relativistic effects between a heavy element and a hydrogen atom reported in this work. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202001532.
The Potential of the Diarsene Complex [(C5H5)2Mo2(CO)4(μ,η2‐As2)] as a Connector Between Silver Ions
Authors: Moussa Mehdi Elsayed , Schiller Jana , Peresypkina Eugenia , Seidl Michael , Balázs Gábor , Shelyganov Pavel , Scheer Manfred 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe reaction of the organometallic diarsene complex [Cp2Mo2(CO)4(μ,η2‐As2)] (B) (Cp = C5H5) with Ag[FAl{OC6F10(C6F5)}3] (Ag[FAl]) and Ag[Al{OC(CF3)3}4] (Ag[TEF]), respectively, yields three unprecedented supramolecular assemblies [(η2‐B)4Ag2][FAl]2 (4), [(μ,η1:η2‐B)3(η2‐B)2Ag3][TEF]3 (5) and [(μ,η1:η2‐B)4Ag3][TEF]3 (6). These products are only composed of the complexes B and AgI. Moreover, compounds 5 and 6 are the only supramolecular assemblies featuring B as a linking unit, and the first examples of [AgI]3 units stabilized by organometallic bichelating ligands. According to DFT calculations, complex B coordinates to metal centers through both the As lone pair and the As−As σ‐bond thus showing this unique feature of this diarsene ligand.
Global Mild Solutions of the Landau and Non‐Cutoff Boltzmann Equations
Authors: Duan Renjun , Liu Shuangqian , Sakamoto Shota , Strain Robert M. 
Published: June 2020

This paper proves the existence of small‐amplitude global‐in‐time unique mild solutions to both the Landau equation including the Coulomb potential and the Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff. Since the well‐known works [45] and [3, 43] on the construction of classical solutions in smooth Sobolev spaces which in particular are regular in the spatial variables, it still remains an open problem to obtain global solutions in an framework, similar to that in [49], for the Boltzmann equation with the cutoff assumption in general bounded domains. One main difficulty arises from the interaction between the transport operator and the velocity‐diffusion‐type collision operator in the non‐cutoff Boltzmann and Landau equations; another major difficulty is the potential formation of singularities for solutions to the boundary value problem.In the present work we introduce a new function space with low regularity in the spatial variable to treat the problem in cases when the spatial domain is either a torus or a finite channel with boundary. For the latter case, either the inflow boundary condition or the specular reflection boundary condition is considered. An important property of the function space is that the norm, in velocity and time, of the distribution function is in the Wiener algebra A(Ω) in the spatial variables. Besides the construction of global solutions in these function spaces, we additionally study the large‐time behavior of solutions for both hard and soft potentials, and we further justify the property of propagation of regularity of solutions in the spatial variables. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kymolyzer, a Semi‐Autonomous Kymography Tool to Analyze Intracellular Motility
Authors: Basu Himanish , Ding Lai , Pekkurnaz Gulcin , Cronin Michelle , Schwarz Thomas L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe movement of intracellular cargo, such as transcripts, proteins, and organelles, is fundamental to cellular function. Neurons, due to their long axons and dendrites, are particularly dependent on proper intracellular trafficking and vulnerable to defects in the movement of intracellular cargo that are noted in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Accurate quantification of intracellular transport is therefore needed for studying the mechanisms of cargo trafficking, the influence of mutations, and the effects of potentially therapeutic pharmaceuticals. In this article, we introduce an algorithm called “Kymolyzer.” The algorithm can quantify intracellular trafficking along a defined path, such as that formed by the aligned microtubules of axons and dendrites. Kymolyzer works as a semi‐autonomous kymography software application. It constructs and analyzes kymographs to measure the movement and distribution of fluorescently tagged objects along a user‐defined path. The algorithm can be used under a wide variety of experimental conditions and can extract a diverse array of motility parameters describing intracellular movement, including time spent in motion, percentage of objects in motion, percentage of objects that are stationary, and velocities of motile objects. This article serves as a user manual describing the design of Kymolyzer, providing a stepwise protocol for its use and illustrating its functions with common examples. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLCBasic Protocol: Kymolyzer, a semi‐autonomous kymography tool to analyze intracellular motility
FMOD expression in whole blood aids in distinguishing between chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other leukemic lymphoproliferative disorders. A pilot study
Authors: Sorigue Marc , Junca Jordi , Ferra Christelle , Marce Silvia , Ruiz‐Xivillé Neus , Pinyol Laia , Cabezon Marta , Espasa Andrea , Dominguez Diana , Lopez‐Viaplana Laia , Ruiz Rocio , Buch Joan , Plensa Esther , Mostacedo Silvia‐Zdenka , Aranda Jessica , Vergara Sara , Raya Minerva , Granada Isabel , Tapia Gustavo , Navarro Jose‐Tomas , Beà Silvia , Zamora Lurdes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWithin the hematopoietic compartment, fibromodulin (FMOD) is almost exclusively expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lymphocytes. We set out to determine whether FMOD could be of help in diagnosing borderline lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD).MethodsWe established 3 flow cytometry‐defined groups (CLL [n = 65], borderline LPD [n = 28], broadly defined as those with CLLflow score between 35 and −20 or discordant CD43 and CLLflow, and non‐CLL LPD [n = 40]). FMOD expression levels were determined by standard RT‐PCR in whole‐blood samples. Patients were included regardless of lymphocyte count but with tumor burden ≥40%.ResultsFMOD expression levels distinguished between CLL (median 98.5, interquartile range [IQR] 37.8–195.1) and non‐CLL LPD (median 0.012, IQR 0.003–0.033) with a sensitivity and specificity of 1. Most borderline LPDs were CD5/CD23/CD200‐positive with no loss of B‐cell antigens and negative or partial expression of CD43. 16/22 patients with available cytogenetic analysis showed trisomy 12. In 25/28 (89%) of these patients, FMOD expression levels fell between CLL and non‐CLL (median 3.58, IQR 1.06–6.21).DiscussionThis study could suggest that borderline LPDs may constitute a distinct group laying in the biological spectrum of chronic leukemic LPDs. Future studies will have to confirm these results with other biological data. Quantification of FMOD can potentially be of help in the diagnosis of phenotypically complex LPDs.