bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative amplitude-measuring Φ-OTDR with pε/√Hz sensitivity using a multi-frequency pulse train
Authors: Murray Matthew J. , Redding Brandon 
Published: August 2020

We report an amplitude-measuring Rayleigh-based sensor that uses a series of frequency-shifted pulses to extract quantitative distributed strain measurements. By using frequency multiplexing, we are able to inject a train of 10 pulses into the fiber at once. This allows us to use a higher average input power than standard phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry systems, improving the sensitivity. The sensor recovers the strain by tracking the time-dependent amplitude of the Rayleigh backscattered light from all 10 pulses. This approach enables a sensor with a noise floor of

1.5

p

ε

/

√

H
z

over 10 km of fiber with 12 m spatial resolution, a 5 kHz bandwidth, and a dynamic range of 80 dB at 1 kHz. The sensor exhibits a high degree of linearity and is immune to interference fading.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Martin Tracey A. , Wan David W. , Hajifathalian Kaveh , Tewani Sunena , Shah Shawn L. , Mehta Amit , Kaplan Alyson , Ghosh Gaurav , Choi Anthony J. , Krisko Tibor I. , Fortune Brett E. , Crawford Carl V. , Sharaiha Reem Z. 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Although current literature has addressed gastrointestinal presentations including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal liver chemistries, and hyperlipasemia as possible coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifestations, the risk and type of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in this population is not well characterized.

METHODS:
This is a matched case-control (1:2) study with 41 cases of GIB (31 upper and 10 lower) in patients with COVID-19 and 82 matched controls of patients with COVID-19 without GIB. The primary objective was to characterize bleeding etiologies, and our secondary aim was to discuss outcomes and therapeutic approaches.

RESULTS:
There was no difference in the presenting symptoms of the cases and controls, and no difference in severity of COVID-19 manifestations (P > 0.05) was observed. Ten (32%) patients with upper GIB underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and 5 (50%) patients with lower GIBs underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. The most common upper and lower GIB etiologies were gastric or duodenal ulcers (80%) and rectal ulcers related to rectal tubes (60%), respectively. Four of the esophagogastroduodenoscopies resulted in therapeutic interventions, and the 3 patients with rectal ulcers were referred to colorectal surgery for rectal packing. Successful hemostasis was achieved in all 7 cases that required interventions. Transfusion requirements between patients who underwent endoscopic therapy and those who were conservatively managed were not significantly different. Anticoagulation and rectal tube usage trended toward being a risk factor for GIB, although it did not reach statistical significance.

DISCUSSION:
In COVID-19 patients with GIB, compared with matched controls of COVID-19 patients without GIB, there seemed to be no difference in initial presenting symptoms. Of those with upper and lower GIB, the most common etiology was peptic ulcer disease and rectal ulcers from rectal tubes, respectively. Conservative management seems to be a reasonable initial approach in managing these complex cases, but larger studies are needed to guide management.
Advancing biodiesel production from microalgae Spirulina sp. by a simultaneous extraction–transesterification process using palm oil as a co-solvent of methanol
Authors: Pradana Yano Surya , Dewi Resti Nurmala , Di Livia Kanadya , Arisa Farida ,   Rochmadi, Cahyono Rochim Bakti , Budiman Arief 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicroalgae have been considered as a potential candidate for biodiesel feedstock. Single-stage simultaneous extraction–transesterification process is proposed for simpler and more effective biodiesel conversion. In this study, the experiment of biodiesel production from microalgae Spirulina sp. was performed in a batch-stirred reactor using palm oil as a co-solvent of methanol and catalyzed by potassium hydroxide at a percentage of 1 wt% (w/w of palm oil). The effects of methanol–palm oil molar ratio, palm oil–microalgae weight ratio, and temperature on biodiesel yield were investigated. The results showed that the best biodiesel yield was 85.28% (99.01% of partial biodiesel yield from palm oil and 16.69% of partial biodiesel yield from dry microalgae), obtained at a methanol–palm oil molar ratio of 10:1, a palm oil–microalgae weight ratio of 5:1, and at a temperature of 60°C. Upon comparison, the overall yield increased by 34.59% (37.73% of partial biodiesel yield from palm oil and 13.00% of partial biodiesel yield from dry microalgae) than that of the two-stage (conventional) method. Single-stage simultaneous extraction–transesterification process also reduced the number of unsaturated fatty acid components in biodiesel that will lower the biodiesel quality.
Treatment of Parkinson’s disease using focused ultrasound with GDNF retrovirus-loaded microbubbles to open the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Nana , Hou Ruanling , Wang Lu , Zhang Libin , Li Chenzhang , Zhang Yu , Yin Yaling , Chang Liansheng , Cheng Yuan , Wang Yongling , Lu Jianping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aims to prepare ultrasound-targeted glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) retrovirus-loaded microbubbles (M pLXSN-GDNF) to verify the properties of the microbubbles and to study the therapeutic effect of the GDNF retrovirus-loaded microbubbles combined with ultrasound (U) to open the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in a Parkinson’s disease (PD) model in rats, allowing the retrovirus to pass through the BBB and transfect neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain, thereby increasing the expression of GDNF. The results of western blot analysis revealed significant differences between U + MpLXSN-EGFP, U + M + pLXSN-GDNF, and M pLXSN-GDNF (P < 0.05) groups. After 8 weeks of treatment, the evaluation of the effect of increased GDNF expression on behavioral deficits in PD model rats was conducted. The rotation symptom was significantly improved in the U + MpLXSN-GDNF group, and the difference before and after treatment was significant (P < 0.05). Also, the content of dopamine and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (dopaminergic) neurons were found to be higher in the brain of PD rats in the U + M pLXSN-GDNF group than in the control groups. Ultrasound combined with GDNF retrovirus-loaded microbubbles can enhance the transfection efficiency of neurons in vivo and highly express the exogenous GDNF gene to play a therapeutic role in PD model rats.
Is the Rear Foot Elevated Split Squat Unilateral? An Investigation Into the Kinetic and Kinematic Demands
Authors: Helme Mark , Emmonds Stacey , Low Chris 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Helme, M, Emmonds, S, and Low, C. Is the rear foot elevated split squat unilateral? An investigation into the kinetic and kinematic demands. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1781–1787, 2022—The purpose of the study was to determine the unilateral nature of the rear foot elevated split squat (RFESS). Specifically, the production of force by the rear leg was examined to better understand its role, if any, toward successful completion of the exercise. Male volunteers were recruited (n = 26, age = 23.8 ± 4.6 years, body mass = 88.1 ± 10.7 kg, and height = 1.79 ± 0.1 m), who were recreationally trained and engaged in a structured strength and conditioning program, including both bilateral and unilateral exercises, and had at least 2 years supervised training experience. Subjects participated in an incremental 5 repetition maximum protocol after familiarization. Kinetic data were recorded through 2 independent force plates, 1 integral to the floor and the second mounted on top of solid weightlifting blocks. Kinematic data were captured through 3-dimensional motion analysis. A total of 715 repetitions were analyzed, and the mean contribution of the lead foot to total vertical force production was 84.36 ± 3.6%. An almost certainly small positive correlation (rho = 0.25, confidence interval [CI] 0.18–0.33) was found between the percentage of force produced by the lead foot, with increasing exercise intensity. A most likely trivial, nonsignificant correlation (rho = −0.01, CI −0.09 to 0.06) with rear foot force production, representing the mass of the rear leg. Data from this study do not indicate that the rear foot contributes to the kinetic demands of the exercise and therefore suggests that the RFESS is a valid unilateral exercise.
Response of Muscle Damage Markers to an Accentuated Eccentric Training Protocol: Do Serum and Saliva Measurements Agree?
Authors: González-Hernández Jorge M. , Jiménez-Reyes Pedro , Cerón José J. , Tvarijonaviciute Asta , Llorente-Canterano Francisco J. , Martínez-Aranda Luis M. , García-Ramos Amador 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
González-Hernández, JM, Jiménez-Reyes, P, Cerón, JJ, Tvarijonaviciute, A, Llorente-Canterano, FJ, Martínez-Aranda, LM, and García-Ramos, A. Response of muscle damage markers to an accentuated eccentric training protocol: do serum and saliva measurements agree? J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2132–2138, 2022—This study aimed (a) to examine the acute and delayed responses of 3 muscle damage biomarkers: creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to an accentuated eccentric training protocol in serum, and (b) to explore the changes of these biomarkers in saliva and compare them with serum. Sixteen resistance-trained university students (10 men [age = 26.6 ± 4.8 years, full squat one repetition maximum [1RM] = 103.4 ± 14.4 kg] and 6 women [age = 22.7 ± 1.4 years, full squat estimated 1RM = 68.3 ± 10.5 kg]) completed an accentuated eccentric strength training protocol with the full squat exercise consisting of 8 sets of 10 repetitions against the 120% estimated 1RM load with 5 minutes of interset rest. The activity of muscle damage biomarkers (CK, AST, and LDH) was measured in serum and saliva before training (Pre), 24 hours after training (Post24), and 96 hours after training (Post96). In serum, lower values of the 3 muscle damage markers were observed at Pre compared to Post24 and Post96, whereas no significant differences were observed between Post24 and Post96 for any analyte. In saliva, there was a significant increase in men at Post96 compared with Pre in CK. The correlations between the measurements in serum and saliva ranged from trivial to small (r = −0.034 to 0.212). These results suggest that the measurement of muscle damage markers in serum and saliva do not provide the same information in the conditions of our study.
Optimization of Pig Positioning Method Based on Uniaxial Magnetoresistive Sensor
Authors: Xu Wei , Wei Minghui , Zhao Dandan , Zhang Peng , Liu Zhongxiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Uniaxial magnetoresistive sensors based on the HMC1001 can realize acquisition, processing, and display of magnetic signals, with measurement error controlled to within 1 %, basically satisfying application requirements for positioning of the pig labeled with magnets. Given that the HMC1001 sensor has only one sensitive axis, to ensure real-time detection of the maximum magnetic fluctuation when the pig passes, according to the one-dimensional coordinate classical positioning method for uniaxial magnetic sensors, the horizontal east–west direction pipeline is first modeled, and the magnetic fluctuations in the horizontal and vertical directions are calculated. The results show that fluctuations in the vertical direction were slightly larger than those in the horizontal. For other angles between horizontal and vertical, the angle variable is introduced, and the comparison reveals that the magnetic fluctuation curve smoothly transitions from horizontal to vertical. The optimal detection attitude of the pipeline in any direction is then simulated by using the same method, revealing that the vertical magnetic value is the largest. Finally, related equivalent experiments are conducted, and the experimental curves are basically consistent with the simulations. Therefore, it can be concluded that the HMC1001 sensor should be installed perpendicular to the pipeline for optimal detection when positioning the pig.
Analysis of uranium ore concentrates for origin assessment
Authors: Varga Zsolt , Wallenius Maria , Mayer K. , Meppen M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study the most important analytical methodologies are presented for the nuclear forensic investigation of uranium ore concentrates (yellow cakes). These methodologies allow to measure characteristic parameters which may be source material or process inherited. By the combination of the various techniques (e.g. infrared spectrometry, impurity content, rare-earth pattern and U, Sr and Pb isotope ratio analysis by mass spectrometry), the possible provenances of the illicit material can be narrowed down to a few options and its declared origin can be verified. The methodologies serve for nuclear forensic investigations as well as for nuclear safeguards, checking the consistency of information.
Dosimetry of cosmic radiation in the troposphere based on the measurements at the summit of Mt. Fuji
Authors: Yasuda H. , Yajima K. , Yoshida S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Dose rate of cosmic-ray origin neutrons (abbreviated to “cosmic neutrons”) at aviation altitude was estimated based on the measurements at Mt. Fuji. Cosmic neutrons were measured in a facility of the Mt. Fuji Weather Station located at the summit of Mt. Fuji, the highest mountain in Japan (3776 m in altitude), in the summer of 2008 and 2009. The average of 1 cm ambient dose equivalent H*(10) for two measurements was verified by numerical model simulation and then used to empirically estimate the solar force field potential (FFP). The H*(10) rates at aviation altitude estimated from the measurements at Mt. Fuji were compared to those obtained in in-flight measurements onboard a civilian aircraft flying near Mt. Fuji at the time between the two measurements at the mountain. According to the results obtained, we expect that the empirical estimation based on the measurements at Mt. Fuji will work effectively for dosimetry of cosmic radiation in troposphere.
Precision measurements of the half-life of 196Au and 202Tl
Authors: Hirose K. , Kikunaga H. , Ohtsuki T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The half-lives of 196Au and 202Tl have been precisely obtained by repeated measurements for 40 samples of 196Au and 16 samples of 202Tl using germanium detectors. The dead-time was corrected by the simultaneous detection of 662-keV γ rays from a reference source of 137Cs. The half-life value of 6.1451 ± 0.0013 (tot.) d, 0.35% shorter than the recommended value of ENSDF [1], has been obtained for 196Au. The error contains the statistical uncertainty and other random uncertainty. The half-life of 202Tl is determined to be 12.4706 ± 0.0055 (tot.) d with improved accuracy as compared to the latest measurement by a factor of 15.
Absorption spectra and cyclic voltammograms of uranium species in molten lithium molybdate–sodium molybdate eutectic at 550 ºC
Authors: Nagai T. , Uehara A. , Fukushima M. , Myochin M. , Fujii T. , Sato N. , Yamana H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Absorption spectra of uranium species dissolved in molten lithium molybdate–sodium molybdate eutectic of 0.51Li2MoO4–0.49Na2MoO4 mixture at 550 ºC were measured by UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometry, and their redox reactions were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. We found that the major ions of uranium species dissolved in the melt were uranyl penta-valent. After purging dry oxygen gas into the melt, penta-valent species were oxidized to the uranyl hexa-valent. In the cyclic voltammetry of the melt without uranium species, it was confirmed that the lithium-sodium molybdenum oxide compounds were deposited on the working electrode at the negative potential and the lithium molybdenum oxide compounds were deposited on the counter electrode at positive potential. When UO2 was dissolved into the melt, the reductive reaction of the uranium species was observed at the reductive potential of the pure melt. This suggests that the uranium species dissolved in the melts could be recovered as mixed uranium-molybdenum oxides by electrolysis.
Concentrations and activity ratios of 228Ra and 226Ra in surface seawater along the Pacific coast of Japan
Authors: Ohta T. , Mahara Y. , Kubota T. , Sato J. , Gamo T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We measured the 228Ra/226Ra activity ratios in surface seawater along the Pacific coast of Japan at five ports around the island of Izu-Oshima (n = 29), at Atami in Sagami Bay (n = 13), and at Umizuri Park in Tokyo Bay (n = 14). We also conducted these measurements along a transect from the open Pacific Ocean across the Kuroshio to the mouth of Tokyo Bay (n = 7). The activity ratios decreased with increasing salinity of the sampling sites. The 228Ra/226Ra activity ratios in surface seawater along the coast gradually decreased after at the end of autumn and were lowest in winter and the beginning of spring. The surface salinity along the coast decreased from summer into autumn and increased from winter to the beginning of spring. The activity ratios decreased with the increase of salinity.
The variation in activity ratios at the three coastal sites is possibly caused by differing contributions of surface seawater from the Kuroshio and surrounding open ocean. The different patterns and ranges of variation in the 228Ra/226Ra activity ratios in surface seawater at Izu-Oshima, Atami, and Umizuri Park may reflect both the amount of water from the Kuroshio and vicinity, and the local bathymetry, because continental shelf sediment is the source of Ra isotopes in surface seawater.
Response of exposed bark and exposed lichen to an urban area
Authors: Cruz A. M. J. , Freitas M. C. , Verburg T. G. , Canha N. , Wolterbeek H. Th. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to understand emission sources of chemical elements using biomonitoring as a tool. The selected lichen and bark were respectively Parmotrema bangii and Criptomeria japonica, sampled in the pollution-free atmosphere of Azores (Sao Miguel island), Portugal, which were exposed in the courtyards of 22 basic schools of Lisbon. The exposure was from January to May 2008 and from June to October 2008 (designated through the text as winter and summer respectively). The chemical element concentrations were determined by INAA. Conductivity of the lichen samples was measured. Factor analysis (MCTTFA) was applied to winter/summer bark/lichen exposed datasets. As emission sources, soil with anthropogenic contamination, a Se source, traffic, industry, and a sea contribution, were identified. In lichens, a physiological source based on the conductivity values was found. The spatial study showed contribution of sources to specific school positioning. Conductivity values were high in summer in locations as international Lisbon airport and downtown. Lisbon is spatially influenced by marine air mass transportation. It is concluded that one air sampler in Lisbon might be enough to define the emission sources under which they are influenced.
Detection limits of trace element analyses with the JAEA MPGA system
Authors: Murakami Y. , Oshima M. , Toh Y. , Kimura A. , Koizumi M. , Furutaka K. , Hatsukawa Y. , Kin T. , Hara K. Y. , Sushida K. , Taniguchi M. , Kojima N. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A multiple prompt gamma-ray analysis (MPGA) system was constructed at a cold neutron beam line of JRR-3 at Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). The system consists of 8 clover Ge detectors and BGO Compton suppressors. The detection limits for 41 trace elements with this system were determined. The MPGA system has low detection limits to elements such as B, Sc, Cd, Hg, Sm. We expect the MPGA system is a useful tool for analyses of toxic elements, heavy metals and rare-earth elements.
Electric field gradient at the 111Cd(←111In) site in Ga-doped ZnO
Authors: Sato W. , Ohkubo Y. , Itsuki Y. , Komatsuda S. , Minami D. , Kubota T. , Kawata S. , Yokoyama A. , Nakanishi T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The time-differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) method was applied to a study of the local environment at the 111Cd(←111In) probe nucleus introduced in 0.5 at. % Ga-doped ZnO. The TDPAC spectrum obtained at room temperature suggests that the doped Ga ions reside at the substitutional Zn site and they are locally associated in immediate proximity to the probe, reflecting strong attractive force between the probe and the dopants. The relative width of the magnitude of the electric field gradient produced at the probe nucleus shows that the doped Ga ion(s) adjacent to the probe is/are diversely distributed compared with doped In ion(s).
Pubertal development and premature ovarian insufficiency in patients with APECED
Authors: Saari Viivi , Holopainen Elina , Mäkitie Outi , Laakso Saila 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To determine the natural course of pubertal development, growth during puberty, and development of POI in females with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), also called autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I.

Design:
Longitudinal follow-up study.

Methods:
A national cohort of females with APECED aged ≥12 years were followed during 1965–2018. Attainment of adult height was defined when patients’ height increased less than 1 cm per year. Diagnosis of POI was based on delayed puberty or POI symptoms with amenorrhea, and/or FSH ≥40 IU/L.

Results:
Altogether 40 women with APECED were followed up to the average age of 37.3 (range: 14.6–61.9) years; 16 females (40%) were ≥ 40 years. Pubertal development started spontaneously in 34 patients and 29 had spontaneous menarche. POI developed in 28 patients (70%) at the median age of 16.0 years (range: 11.3–36.5), and in 20 of them (71%) before attaining adult height. In 11 cases puberty was induced or completed by hormonal therapy. Patients with POI were significantly shorter at menarche, but adult heights did not differ from non-POI females. Patients with POI had more often primary adrenocortical insufficiency (93% vs 58%, P = 0.017) and ovarian antibodies (81% vs 30%, P=0.003) compared to those with normal ovarian function (n = 12).

Conclusions:
POI developed in the majority of patients with APECED, often before or shortly after menarche. Timely commencement of hormonal replacement therapy is important to ensure optimal pubertal development and growth. The possibility of fertility preservation before development of POI in APECED patients should be further studied.