bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of liver transplant rejection by anti-donor MHC antibodies via depletion of donor immunogenic dendritic cells
Authors: Ueta Hisashi , Xu Xue-Dong , Yu Bin , Kitazawa Yusuke , Yu Enqiao , Hara Yoshiaki , Morita-Nakagawa Miwa , Zhou Shu , Sawanobori Yasushi , Ueha Satoshi , Rokutan Kazuhito , Tanaka Toshiya , Tokuda Nobuko , Matsushima Kouji , Matsuno Kenjiro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
We previously found two distinct passenger dendritic cell (DC) subsets in the rat liver that played a central role in the liver transplant rejection. In addition, a tolerance-inducing protocol, donor-specific transfusion (DST), triggered systemic polytopical production of depleting alloantibodies to donor class I MHC (MHCI) antigen (DST-antibodies).

Methods
We examined the role of DST-antibodies in the trafficking of graft DC subsets and the alloresponses in a rat model. We also examined an anti-donor class II MHC (MHCII) antibody that recognizes donor DCs more selectively.

Results
Preoperative transfer of DST-antibodies or DST pretreatment eliminated all passenger leukocytes, including both DC subsets and depleted the sessile DCs in the graft to ~20% of control. The CD172a+CD11b/c+ immunogenic subset was almost abolished. The intrahost direct or semi-direct allorecognition pathway was successfully blocked, leading to a significant suppression of the CD8+ T-cell response in the recipient lymphoid organs and the graft with delayed graft rejection. Anti-donor MHCII antibody had similar effects without temporary graft damage. Although DST pretreatment had a priming effect on the proliferative response of recipient regulatory T cells, DST-primed sera and the anti-donor MHCII antibody did not.

Conclusion
DST-antibodies and anti-donor MHCII antibodies could suppress the CD8+ T-cell-mediated liver transplant rejection by depleting donor immunogenic DCs, blocking the direct or semi-direct pathways of allorecognition. Donor MHCII-specific antibodies may be applicable as a selective suppressant of anti-donor immunity for clinical liver transplantation without the cellular damage of donor MHCII– graft cells and recipient cells.
Clinician involvement in research on machine learning–based predictive clinical decision support for the hospital setting: A scoping review
Authors: Schwartz Jessica M , Moy Amanda J , Rossetti Sarah C , Elhadad Noémie , Cato Kenrick D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
The study sought to describe the prevalence and nature of clinical expert involvement in the development, evaluation, and implementation of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) that utilize machine learning to analyze electronic health record data to assist nurses and physicians in prognostic and treatment decision making (ie, predictive CDSSs) in the hospital.

Materials and Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, and IEEE Xplore and hand-searching of relevant conference proceedings were conducted to identify eligible articles. Empirical studies of predictive CDSSs using electronic health record data for nurses or physicians in the hospital setting published in the last 5 years in peer-reviewed journals or conference proceedings were eligible for synthesis. Data from eligible studies regarding clinician involvement, stage in system design, predictive CDSS intention, and target clinician were charted and summarized.

Results
Eighty studies met eligibility criteria. Clinical expert involvement was most prevalent at the beginning and late stages of system design. Most articles (95%) described developing and evaluating machine learning models, 28% of which described involving clinical experts, with nearly half functioning to verify the clinical correctness or relevance of the model (47%).

Discussion
Involvement of clinical experts in predictive CDSS design should be explicitly reported in publications and evaluated for the potential to overcome predictive CDSS adoption challenges.

Conclusions
If present, clinical expert involvement is most prevalent when predictive CDSS specifications are made or when system implementations are evaluated. However, clinical experts are less prevalent in developmental stages to verify clinical correctness, select model features, preprocess data, or serve as a gold standard.
84 Effect of rearing cross-fostered piglets in litters of either uniform or mixed birth weights on pre-weaning performance
Authors: Vande Pol Katherine , Bautista Ovidio , Harper Heath , Ellis Michael , Shull Caleb M , Brown Katie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
There is limited understanding of optimum cross-fostering methods to use to maximize piglet performance. This study evaluated effects of within-litter birth weight variation after cross-fostering on pre-weaning piglet removals (PR; morbidity and mortality) and ADG. A hierarchical incomplete block design was used (blocking factors day of farrowing and sow parity and structure) with a 3x2 factorial arrangement of treatments: 1) Birth Weight Category (BWC): Light (&lt; 1.0 kg), Medium (1.0-1.5 kg), or Heavy (1.5-2.0 kg); 2) Litter Composition (LC): Uniform (piglets of the same BWC), and Mixed (equal numbers of piglets from each BWC). Piglets were weighed 24 h after birth and allotted to form litters of 15 cross-fostered piglets. The experimental unit was 5 piglets of the same BWC (3 experimental units per litter). A total of 102 litters were allotted to 17 blocks of 6 litters (1 Uniform litter of each BWC; 3 Mixed litters) with 51 replicates (3 replicates/block of 6 litters). Weaning weights and PR were measured. PROC GLIMMIX and MIXED of SAS were used to analyze PR and other data, respectively. Models included BWC, LC, the interaction, and replicate within block. There were treatment interactions (P &lt; 0.05) for all measures except birth weight. There was no effect (P &gt; 0.05) of LC on weaning weight or ADG for Light or Medium piglets; Heavy piglets had greater (P &lt; 0.05) weaning weight and ADG in Mixed than in Uniform litters. PR were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for Light piglets in Mixed than in Uniform litters, and for Heavy piglets in Uniform than in Mixed litters. PR for Medium piglets were similar (P &gt; 0.05) across LC treatments. In conclusion, rearing cross-fostered piglets in Uniform litters reduced PR for Light piglets, but increased PR and reduced ADG of Heavy piglets, with no effect for Medium piglets.
81 Effects of NeutraPath™ on growth performance, diarrhea and fecal-hemolytic coliforms of weaned pigs challenged with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Johnston LeAnn , Ji Peng , Xue Hongyu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate NeutraPath’s effects on performance, diarrhea, and fecal β-hemolytic coliforms of weaned pigs infected with enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). NeutraPath, a blend of essential oils, fatty acids and toxin-adsorbing minerals has bacteriostatic/bactericidal effects. Thirty-six weanling pigs (21 d old; average BW 6.88 kg; 18 barrows, 18 gilts) blocked by weight and gender, were assigned to one of three dietary treatments in an RCB (1 pig/pen; 12 replicates/treatment). Treatments were control or dietary supplementation with 0.25% or 0.50% NeutraPath. This study lasted 28 d with 7 d before and 21 d after the first E. coli inoculation (d 0). All pigs were orally inoculated with 1010 cfu F18+ ETEC/3-mL dose for 3 consecutive d. Growth performance data was obtained on d 0, d 7, d 14 and d 21 post-inoculation (PI). On d 2 PI, fecal samples were obtained and plated on blood and MacConkey agars to determine total coliforms and β-hemolytic coliforms. Treatment effects were analyzed using one-way ANOVA or repeated measures ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test. The 0.5% NeutraPath treatment resulted in a 12.7% and a 14.0% increase (P &lt; 0.05) in BW (relative to initial BW at d 0 PI) at d 7 PI and d 21 PI, respectively. Pigs fed either NeutraPath dose had greater overall growth during the 28-d period (P&lt; 0.05) producing improvements in feed efficiency during d 14-21 PI (P&lt; 0.05). Feeding 0.25% NeutraPath improved (P &lt; 0.05) diarrhea kinetics d 0-11 PI, Diarrhea score (DS) area under the curve for d 0-11 and d 0-21 PI, moderate (DS≥3) and severe (DS≥4) diarrhea incidence and tended (P=0.08) to lower the percentage of fecal β-hemolytic coliforms compared to control. In conclusion, NeutraPath supplementation can enhance growth performance and decrease incidence of severe diarrhea in weaned pigs challenged with F18+ ETEC.
243 Effects of rubber matting on cattle performance and carcass characteristics in slatted facilities
Authors: Dawson Cody , Henley Parker , Schroeder Adam , Hayes Courtney , Felix Tara , Shike Daniel W , McCann Joshua C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective was to determine effects of interlocking rubber floor matting in slatted indoor cattle feeding facilities on cattle performance and carcass characteristics. In experiment 1, Fall-born Angus x Simmental steers (N = 206; BW = 228 ± 34 kg) were blocked by weight and assigned to 32 pens. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: new Max Grip Animat matting (MG), new Animat Pebble matting (PEB), old Animat Pebble matting (OLD), and no matting/concrete slating (CONC). Steers were fed a common diet for 209 d with an average stocking density of 3.70 m2 per steer. Final BW was affected (P = 0.02) by treatment with PEB steers being the heaviest, MG and CONC were intermediate, and OLD was the lightest. Treatment affected (P &lt; 0.01) ADG with PEB steers being greatest, MG and CONC were intermediate, and OLD was the least. Flooring treatment did not affect overall dry matter intake (P = 0.16) or G:F (P = 0.94). Flooring treatment did not affect (P ≥ 0.19) any carcass traits. In experiment 2, Fall-born Angus x Simmental steers (N = 189; BW = 352 ± 43 kg) were blocked by weight and assigned to 21 pens. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: new Animat Pebble matting (PEB2), old Animat Pebble matting (OLD2), or no matting/concrete slating (CON2). Steers were fed a common diet for 112 d with an average stocking density of 2.64 m2 per steer. After 112 days on feed, flooring treatment did not affect (P ≥ 0.30) BW or ADG. There were no treatment differences (P = 0.13) observed for overall DMI at d 112. Overall, results suggest new rubber matting in slatted indoor cattle feeding facilities improved ADG during a 209 d trial.
241 Trends in the percentage of modified live, killed, and combination respiratory viral vaccines administered to beef calves offered for sale in summer video auctions from 2000 through 2018
Authors: Smith Maggie J , King Mike E , Fike Karol E , McCabe Esther D , Rogers Glenn M , Odde Kenneth G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify trends in the percentage of type of respiratory viral vaccines administered to lots of beef calves offered for sale in summer video auctions from 2000 through 2018. There were 59,762 lots of single-gender beef calves (7,167,352 total calves) offered for sale in 145 summer video auctions during these years. Information describing calf lots was obtained from the auction service (Superior Livestock Auction, Fort Worth, TX) which included named vaccines administered to the lot. Named 4- or 5-way respiratory viral vaccines were classified into three groups based on the type of antigens they contained: all modified live antigens (MLV), all killed antigens (KILLED), and a combination of modified live and killed antigens (COMBO). The Cochran-Armitage Trend Test was used to quantify the significance of a trend in the usage of each respiratory viral vaccine type. There was an increase (P &lt; 0.0001) in the percentage of MLV vaccines given to beef calf lots from 2000 (39.7%) through 2018 (88.9%). At the same time, the percentages of both KILLED and COMBO vaccines administered to lots of beef calves declined (P &lt; 0.0001 and P &lt; 0.0001, respectively). In 2000, 31.2% and 29.1% of the total respiratory viral vaccines given to beef calf lots were KILLED or COMBO vaccines, respectively. By 2018, only 4.7% of respiratory viral vaccines were KILLED, and only 6.4% were COMBO vaccines. This dramatic shift indicates an industry trend towards increasing MLV vaccine utilization compared with declining usage of KILLED and COMBO vaccines. This trend may be a result of MLV vaccine approval for use in calves nursing pregnant cows.
205 An Adjusted SID-Thr:Lys Ratio Offsets Growth Performance Depressions in Finishing Pigs Fed Moderately High Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS)
Authors: Norton Sharon A , Xue Pengcheng , Ramer Brian , Erickson Jim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the impact of dietary SID Thr:Lys ratio (THR) on the performance of grow-finishing pigs. In Experiment 1, a total of 1,152 pigs (initial BW = 21.0 ± 1.4 kg; 12 pens/treatment; 24 pigs/pen) were used in a randomized complete blocked design, with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments containing 2 levels of DDGS (0 vs 25%) and 2 levels of THR (Low vs. High, 0.60 vs 0.67). Equal energy and nutrient levels that met or exceeded NRC (2012) requirements were achieved across treatments. A total of 1,056 pigs (initial BW=18.6 ± 1.9 kg; 16 pens/treatment; 22 pig/pen) were used in Experiment 2 with the same experimental design, except for the SID Thr:Lys ratios were formulated to 0.60, 0.60, 0.61, 0.62 and 0.63 in 5 dietary phases for Low THR, and +0.03 for all phases in High THR. The MIXED procedures were employed for statistical analysis. Orthogonal contrasts were applied to evaluate main effects of DDGS, THR, and their interactions. In the results, Experiment 1 showed from 20 to 60 kg of BW 25% DDGS inclusion reduced (P &lt; 0.01) FBW (63.4 vs 61.2 kg), ADG (0.88 vs 0.84 kg/d), and G:F (0.50 vs 0.49). There was an interaction between DDGS and THR on G:F (P &lt; 0.01), where High THR improved G:F in diets containing 25% DDGS. In Experiment 2, reduced ADG (0.88 vs 0.81 kg/d) and G:F (0.53 vs 0.51) were observed for pigs fed 25% DDGS in grower phase (P &lt; 0.01). In the early finisher, increased THR in diets with 25% DDGS improved (P &lt; 0.01) FBW (90.54 vs 94.12 kg), ADG (0.95 vs 1.07 kg/d), and tended to improve G:F (P &lt; 0.10; 0.37 vs 0.41), but not in pigs fed 0% DDGS. In summary, these two studies demonstrated greater SID Thr:Lys ratio may help offset the negative impact of fibrous diets on BW gain and feed efficiency in grow-finishing pigs.
15 Young Scholar Presentation: Impact of a Near Ideal Amino Acid Profile on the Efficiency of Nitrogen and Energy Utilization in Lactating Sows
Authors: Zhang Sai , Trottier Nathalie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective was to determine the efficiency of EAA and energy for lactation in sows and quantify their metabolic heat production fed a reduced protein diet. We hypothesized that feeding a reduced protein diet with near ideal AA profile (NIAA) and a leucine:lysine of 1.14 improves the dietary essential AA (EAA) and energy utilization efficiency and reduces the metabolic heat associated with lactation, compared to feeding diets containing leucine:lysine of 1.63. Three diets were formulated iso-calorically (2,580 kcal/kg net energy), including 1) control diet with a 1.63 leucine:lysine (CON; 18.75% CP), 2) optimal diet with NIAA profile and 1.14 leucine:lysine (OPT; 13.75% CP) by supplementing crystalline AA to minimum requirements; and 3) OPT diet with L-Leucine (Leu) supplementation to achieve CON Leu:Lys of 1.63 (OPTLEU; 14.25% CP). Experiment 1 was to estimate maximal biological efficiency value (MBEV) of EAA in lactating sows fed CON, OPT and OPTLEU diets. Feeding OPT diet improved efficiency of nitrogen (N) (79.1%), arginine (61.1%), His (78.3%), Ile (65.4%), Leu (75.1%), Met + Cys (78.2%), Phe (53.4%), Phe + Tyr (69.5%) and Trp (70.1%) and maximized the efficiency of Lys (63.2%), Met (67.9%), Thr (71.0%) and Val (57.0%) for milk production over a 21-day lactation. Experiment 2 was to estimate dietary energetic efficiency, energy partitioning and heat production in lactating sows fed CON, OPT and OPTLEU diets. Feeding OPT led to greater energy utilization for lactation due to less urinary energy and metabolic heat loss, and triggered dietary energy deposition into milk at the expense of maternal lipid mobilization. Feeding OPTLEU compared to OPT reduced energy utilization for lactation by directing dietary energy away from the mammary gland and towards maternal pool, in part explaining the efficacy of a NIAA diet over CON. Experiment 3 was to measure heat production in lactating sows fed CON and OPT diets and exposed to thermal neutral and HS environments. Sows fed OPT diet produced less metabolic heat and had lower body temperature when exposed to HS conditions compared to CON fed sows. In conclusion, feeding a diet with NIAA profile containing Leu:Lys of 1.14 improves EAA and energy utilization efficiency for lactation, and reduces the metabolic heat associated with lactation compared to feeding a diet with Leu:Lys of 1.63.
109 Stretching forages with limited quality and quantity by using non-forage fiber sources (NFFS) available in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Kononoff Paul J , Buse Kassidy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Last year, over 110 million metric tons of corn silage and 2.7 million metric tons of alfalfa were harvested (USDA, 2018). Despite these amounts and because forage is costly to transport, individual dairy producers who experience troubling seeding, growing, and/or harvest may be faced with the challenge of maintaining normal milk production by feeding less forage. Fortunately, non-forage fiber sources (NFFS) may be used to supply nutrients that would otherwise come from forages. Furthermore, many of these feeds, such are corn gluten feed, beet pulp, brewers grains, canola meal, distillers grains and solubles, and soyhulls are plentifully in the Midwestern United States. Although each NFFS is unique and the chemical composition may vary due to source, when making ration balancing decisions to include them, nutritionists may be faced with similar challenges. These challenges include that these feeds are low in effective fiber, many contain less fiber than forages, are higher in rumen undegradable protein, may vary in chemical composition, and may include toxins or antinutritional factors. Although the modern dairy cow is adaptable and can utilize use NFFS as sources of nutrients to produce milk, there are still limitations to how they can be included in diets.
96 Estimation of the genetic parameters of beef bull semen attributes
Authors: Butler Madison L , Bormann Jennifer M , Weaber Robert L , Grieger David M , Rolf Megan M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Fertility is a critical factor in cattle production because it directly relates to producing offspring to offset production costs. A number of semen attributes are believed to affect fertility and are frequently measured as part of routine breeding soundness exams or semen collection procedures. The objective of this study was to estimate the variance components for different semen quantity and quality traits that may influence fertility using phenotypes collected on 369 Simmental bulls. A total of 7,436 bull collection records including volume and concentration were obtained from two bull studs and evaluated utilizing a linear univariate animal model with repeated records. The five-generation pedigree used in the analysis consisted of 3,336 sires and 7,225 dams. Volume is the total amount of ejaculate and measured as milliliters of total ejaculate. Volume measurements ranged from 0.100 to 41.30 milliliters, with an average of 7.599 milliliters. Concentration is a measurement of millions of spermatozoa per milliliter. Concentration measurements ranged from 10 to 3,651 with an average of 1,053 million spermatozoa per milliliter. Fixed effects were included in the model if the effect was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for either backward or forward selection. Fixed effects included bull owner, collection center, location within center, collection day within year as a Julian day, collection year fit as class variables. Fixed effects fit as covariates included age of bull at collection (linear and quadratic), days since previous collection (linear and quadratic), and scrotal circumference (quadratic). Heritability estimates of volume and concentration were 0.43 ± 0.14 and 0.40 ± 0.15. These moderate heritability estimates indicate genetic improvement can be made in beef bull semen quality traits through selection.
18 Impact of in-feed vs. in-water antibiotic administrations on the fecal prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter and Salmonella in piglets
Authors: Ishengoma Victor L , Amachawadi Raghavendra G , Habib Kellen A , Shi Xiaorong , Mahmood Taghreed , Hutchens Wade M , Tokach Mike D , Dritz Steve S , Woodworth Jason C , Goodband Robert D , DeRouchey Joel M , Apley Michael D , Nagaraja T G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Campylobacter and Salmonella are common food borne pathogens in the gut of pigs and are shed in the feces. The control of these bacteria in pigs is of importance in reducing the potential for transmission to humans. In swine, oral route, either in-feed or in-water, is by far the most common route of administration of antibiotics. Because the distribution of the antibiotic in the gut and the dosage are different, the impact of in-feed vs. in-water administration of antibiotics on the fecal shedding of food borne pathogens, Campylobacter and Salmonella, and on the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in gut bacteria is a largely unexplored area. Therefore, a study was conducted to compare the effects of in-feed and in-water antibiotic administration on fecal prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella and AMR development in nursery piglets. A total of 1,296 weaned piglets were allocated into pens (48 pens; 27 pigs per pen) distributed in a single room. Pens were assigned randomly to six treatment groups; Control (No antibiotic), In-feed chlortetracycline (CTC), In-water CTC, In-feed tiamulin, In-water tiamulin, and a combination of CTC and tiamulin (In-feed). Fresh fecal samples were collected randomly from 5 of 27 piglets from each pen on pre-treatment (days -7, 0), treatment (days 7, 14) and post-treatment (days 21, 28) phases. Bacterial isolations and identifications were done by culture method and PCR, respectively. Overall prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella were 18.2% (262/1,440) and 3.9% (56/1,440) respectively. Speciation of Campylobacter isolates indicated C. hyointestinalis (17.9%; 258/1,440) and C. coli (0.3%; 4/1,440). Pigs from control group had a higher prevalence (P&lt; 0.05) of both Campylobacter and Salmonella when compared to other treatment groups. Both treatment and post-treatment phases had a significant effect on the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella (P&lt; 0.05).