bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative and long-term outcomes of robot-assisted versus laparoscopy-assisted hemicolectomy for left-sided colon cancers: a retrospective study
Authors: Xu Maolin , Zhao Zhiming , Jia Baoqing , Liu Rong , Liu Hongyi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to evaluate the perioperative and long-term outcomes of robot-assisted hemicolectomy (RAH) versus laparoscopy-assisted hemicolectomy (LAH) for left-sided colon cancers. Patients who underwent RAH and LAH from January 2012 to December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Patient characteristics and perioperative outcomes were compared between the two groups. Follow-up consultations were conducted to evaluate the long-term outcomes of these procedures. A total of 460 patients were included (RAH, n = 205; LAH, n = 255). There was no difference in patient characteristics between the two groups. Compared with the LAH group, the RAH group showed longer operative time (150.23 ± 43.77 min vs. 125.85 ± 38.67 min, p < 0.001) and higher surgery cost (6.33 ± 1.50 vs. 2.88 ± 0.72 thousand $, p < 0.001) and total hospital cost (14.97 ± 3.05 vs. 9.05 ± 2.31 thousand $, p < 0.001). No significant differences in tumor pathology, TNM staging, and perioperative outcomes were observed. There were no obvious differences in the 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) or 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival. Cox multivariate analyses showed that age, body mass index, and intravascular cancer embolus were independent risk factors for OS. Moreover, the robotic approach was not an independent risk factor for prognosis of left-sided colon cancers. RAH is an appropriate operation method for left-sided colon cancer, with perioperative and long-term outcomes comparable to those of laparoscopy. Meanwhile, RHA has longer operative time and higher cost.
Physiological and proteomics insights into salt tolerance of two Jerusalem artichoke cultivars
Authors: Yang Min , Sun Xing , Zhu Juhua , Liu Yenan , Chen Ni , Zhao Gengmao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractJerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosusL.) is an insulin-containing crop, which has been paid an intensive attention in recent decades. Although, some progress has been made in the biochemistry of Jerusalem artichokes (JA), the inner adaptive mechanism of salt tolerance among JA varieties is still unclear. Elucidating salt-tolerant differences by integrated stress physiology and proteomics approach will provide comprehensive insights into their adaptive mechanism for various JA varieties, therefore serving for the large-scare cultivation in salt-affected marginal lands. JA seedlings were initially grown in half-strength Hoagland solution, and then exposed to 100 and 200 mM NaCl for 30 days. We found that salt stress decreased the plant height, root length, fresh and dry weight in both varieties, and the decreasing extents of N1 (Helianthus tuberosusvar. N1) was greater than M1 (Helianthus tuberosusvar. M1). Chloroplast ultrastructure in N1 was severely damaged, but appeared unaltered in M1. Also, N1 remained lower selective for K+over Na+, exhibiting more Na+accumulation in plant tissues compared to M1. Penetrating cutting-edge elementary proteomic results showed the regulation of protein expression in M1 was much more positive than in N1. Taken together, these results illustrated the considerable differences in adaption to saline environment between varieties.Graphic abstract
From federated learning to federated neural architecture search: a survey
Authors: Zhu Hangyu , Zhang Haoyu , Jin Yaochu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFederated learning is a recently proposed distributed machine learning paradigm for privacy preservation, which has found a wide range of applications where data privacy is of primary concern. Meanwhile, neural architecture search has become very popular in deep learning for automatically tuning the architecture and hyperparameters of deep neural networks. While both federated learning and neural architecture search are faced with many open challenges, searching for optimized neural architectures in the federated learning framework is particularly demanding. This survey paper starts with a brief introduction to federated learning, including both horizontal, vertical, and hybrid federated learning. Then neural architecture search approaches based on reinforcement learning, evolutionary algorithms and gradient-based are presented. This is followed by a description of federated neural architecture search that has recently been proposed, which is categorized into online and offline implementations, and single- and multi-objective search approaches. Finally, remaining open research questions are outlined and promising research topics are suggested.
Electrolyte Concentration Regulation Boosting Zinc Storage Stability of High-Capacity K0.486V2O5 Cathode for Bendable Quasi-Solid-State Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Linpo , Liu Shuailei , Liu Wencong , Ba Deliang , Liu Wenyi , Gui Qiuyue , Chen Yao , Hu Zuoqi , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Jinping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVanadium-based cathodes have attracted great interest in aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their large capacities, good rate performance and facile synthesis in large scale. However, their practical application is greatly hampered by vanadium dissolution issue in conventional dilute electrolytes. Herein, taking a new potassium vanadate K0.486V2O5 (KVO) cathode with large interlayer spacing (~ 0.95 nm) and high capacity as an example, we propose that the cycle life of vanadates can be greatly upgraded in AZIBs by regulating the concentration of ZnCl2 electrolyte, but with no need to approach “water-in-salt” threshold. With the optimized moderate concentration of 15 m ZnCl2 electrolyte, the KVO exhibits the best cycling stability with ~ 95.02% capacity retention after 1400 cycles. We further design a novel sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-moderate concentration ZnCl2 gel electrolyte with high ionic conductivity of 10.08 mS cm−1 for the first time and assemble a quasi-solid-state AZIB. This device is bendable with remarkable energy density (268.2 Wh kg−1), excellent stability (97.35% after 2800 cycles), low self-discharge rate, and good environmental (temperature, pressure) suitability, and is capable of powering small electronics. The device also exhibits good electrochemical performance with high KVO mass loading (5 and 10 mg cm−2). Our work sheds light on the feasibility of using moderately concentrated electrolyte to address the stability issue of aqueous soluble electrode materials.
Nanoparticle-Mediated Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming of T Cells in Tumor Microenvironments for Immunometabolic Therapy
Authors: Kim Dongyoon , Wu Yina , Li Qiaoyun , Oh Yu-Kyoung 
Published: January 2021

Highlights

aCD3/F/AN, anti-CD3e f(ab′)2 fragment-modified and fenofibrate-encapsulated amphiphilic nanoparticle, reprogrammed mitochondrial lipid metabolism of T cells.

aCD3/F/AN specifically activated T cells in glucose-deficient conditions mimicking tumor microenvironment, and exerted an effector killing effect against tumor cells.

In vivo treatment with aCD3/F/AN increased T cell infiltration, cytokine production, and prevented tumor growth.

Abstract
We report the activation of anticancer effector functions of T cells through nanoparticle-induced lipid metabolic reprogramming. Fenofibrate was encapsulated in amphiphilic polygamma glutamic acid-based nanoparticles (F/ANs), and the surfaces of F/ANs were modified with an anti-CD3e f(ab′)2 fragment, yielding aCD3/F/ANs. An in vitro study reveals enhanced delivery of aCD3/F/ANs to T cells compared with plain F/ANs. aCD3/F/AN-treated T cells exhibited clear mitochondrial cristae, a higher membrane potential, and a greater mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate under glucose-deficient conditions compared with T cells treated with other nanoparticle preparations. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and downstream fatty acid metabolism-related genes are expressed to a greater extent in aCD3/F/AN-treated T cells. Activation of fatty acid metabolism by aCD3/F/ANs supports the proliferation of T cells in a glucose-deficient environment mimicking the tumor microenvironment. Real-time video recordings show that aCD3/F/AN-treated T cells exerted an effector killing effect against B16F10 melanoma cells. In vivo administration of aCD3/F/ANs can increase infiltration of T cells into tumor tissues. The treatment of tumor-bearing mice with aCD3/F/ANs enhances production of various cytokines in tumor tissues and prevented tumor growth. Our findings suggest the potential of nanotechnology-enabled reprogramming of lipid metabolism in T cells as a new modality of immunometabolic therapy.
Photosensitizer Nanoparticles Boost Photodynamic Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment
Authors: Yang Huanyu , Liu Renfa , Xu Yunxue , Qian Linxue , Dai Zhifei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPatients with pancreatic cancer (PCa) have a poor prognosis apart from the few suitable for surgery. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment modality whose efficacy and safety in treating unresectable localized PCa have been corroborated in clinic. Yet, it suffers from certain limitations during clinical exploitation, including insufficient photosensitizers (PSs) delivery, tumor-oxygenation dependency, and treatment escape of aggressive tumors. To overcome these obstacles, an increasing number of researchers are currently on a quest to develop photosensitizer nanoparticles (NPs) by the use of a variety of nanocarrier systems to improve cellular uptake and biodistribution of photosensitizers. Encapsulation of PSs with NPs endows them significantly higher accumulation within PCa tumors due to the increased solubility and stability in blood circulation. A number of approaches have been explored to produce NPs co-delivering multi-agents affording PDT-based synergistic therapies for improved response rates and durability of response after treatment. This review provides an overview of available data regarding the design, methodology, and oncological outcome of the innovative NPs-based PDT of PCa.
Dimensional Gradient Structure of CoSe2@CNTs–MXene Anode Assisted by Ether for High-Capacity, Stable Sodium Storage
Authors: Xu Enze , Li Pengcheng , Quan Junjie , Zhu Hanwen , Wang Li , Chang Yajing , Sun Zhenjie , Chen Lei , Yu Dabin , Jiang Yang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently, abundant resources, low-cost sodium-ion batteries are deemed to the new-generation battery in the field of large-scale energy storage. Nevertheless, poor active reaction dynamics, dissolution of intermediates and electrolyte matching problems are significant challenges that need to be solved. Herein, dimensional gradient structure of sheet–tube–dots is constructed with CoSe2@CNTs–MXene. Gradient structure is conducive to fast migration of electrons and ions with the association of ether electrolyte. For half-cell, CoSe2@CNTs–MXene exhibits high initial coulomb efficiency (81.7%) and excellent cycling performance (400 mAh g−1 cycling for 200 times in 2 A g−1). Phase transformation pathway from crystalline CoSe2–Na2Se with Co and then amorphous CoSe2 in the discharge/charge process is also explored by in situ X-ray diffraction. Density functional theory study discloses the CoSe2@CNTs–MXene in ether electrolyte system which contributes to stable sodium storage performance owing to the strong adsorption force from hierarchical structure and weak interaction between electrolyte and electrode interface. For full cell, CoSe2@CNTs–MXene//Na3V2 (PO4)3/C full battery can also afford a competitively reversible capacity of 280 mAh g−1 over 50 cycles. Concisely, profiting from dimensional gradient structure and matched electrolyte of CoSe2@CNTs–MXene hold great application potential for stable sodium storage.
Endocarditis of Native Valve due to Proteus mirabilis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tiri Beatrice , Priante Giulia , Mariottini Alessandro , Sensi Emanuela , Gioia Sara , Costantini Monya , Andreani Paolo , Martella Lucia Assunta , Vernelli Carlo , Cappanera Stefano 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEndocarditis due to Proteus mirabilis is very uncommon and the optimal surgical and/or antibiotic treatment is not well defined. Guidelines from the AHA and ESC recommend prolonged courses of combined antibiotic therapy but information regarding the clinical presentation, the choice of treatment, the surgical management, and the duration of therapy can only be taken from clinical cases reported in literature. We describe a case of native valve endocarditis due to Proteus mirabilis, successfully treated with antibiotic therapy alone with a review of the relevant literature on this topic.
UN'ELEZIONE NON COME LE ALTRE
Authors: Pasquino Gianfranco 
Published: January 2021

IntroduzioneLa storia delle elezioni italiane non ha mai offerto una situazione paragonabile a quella del 13 maggio 2001 (Corbetta, Parisi e Schadee 1988). In questo breve articolo, argomenterò che le elezioni del 13 maggio non sono state «elezioni come le altre» a causa della comparsa di tre importanti condizioni: 1) resistenza di una effettiva competizione bipolare fra un governo in carica e un'opposizione organizzata per sostituirlo; 2) la costruzione di coalizioni contrapposte che hanno ridotto lo spazio politico e hanno sconfitto le terze forze; 3) la possibilità concreta dell'alternanza che si è tradotta in un limpido esito elettorale, politico e governativo. Nessuna di queste condizioni, né separatamente né congiuntamente, aveva mai fatto la sua comparsa nel sistema politico italiano.
TEORIE DELLA TRANSIZIONE E ANALISI DEL SISTEMA POLITICO: IL CASO ITALIANO
Authors: Pasquino Gianfranco 
Published: January 2021

SummaryReviewing the book devoted by Sergio Fabbrini to the Italian transition, the author makes three major criticisms. The first is that the book does not provide a precise formulation of what a transition really is and, therefore, does not satisfactorily identify the beginning of the Italian transition. The second criticism is that there is no attempt to utilize some of the existing theories to explain the Italian case. The reviewer strongly suggests that Easton's systems analysis might be a useful starting point. In fact, in the Italian as well as in several other transitions, the three major components of the political system: the political community, the regime, and the authorities, are significantly affected. Fabbrini does not refer to Easton's systems analysis and makes little use of the theory of the veto players as articulated by Tsebelis. The third criticism refers to the very episodical comparison between the Italian transition and the French transition that led to the Fifth Republic. On the one hand, the reviewer points to the fact that the Fourth French Republic was the most similar case to the First Italian Republic and, on the other hand, strongly suggests, contrary to Fabbrini's conclusion, that the French semipresidential solution might satisfactorily work in Italy as well. In the end, this review article underlines the need for the cumulation of knowledge, for the reliance on existing theories, and for the comparison of whole political systems in order to obtain a better understanding of the transitions to democracy.
Dysfunction of Shh signaling activates autophagy to inhibit trophoblast motility in recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Pan Yibin , Yan Lili , Chen Qiaoqiao , Wei Cheng , Dai Yongdong , Tong Xiaomei , Zhu Haiyan , Lu Meifei , Zhang Yanling , Jin Xiaoying , Zhang Tai , Lin Xiaona , Zhou Feng , Zhang Songying 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn early pregnancy, the placenta anchors the conceptus and supports embryonic development and survival. This study aimed to investigate the underlying functions of Shh signaling in recurrent miscarriage (RM), a serious disorder of pregnancy. In the present study, Shh and Gli2 were mainly observed in cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), Ptch was mainly observed in syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs), and Smo and Gli3 were expressed in both CTBs and STBs. Shh signaling was significantly impaired in human placenta tissue from recurrent miscarriage patients compared to that of gestational age-matched normal controls. VEGF-A and CD31 protein levels were also significantly decreased in recurrent miscarriage patients. Furthermore, inhibition of Shh signaling impaired the motility of JAR cells by regulating the expression of Gli2 and Gli3. Intriguingly, inhibition of Shh signaling also triggered autophagy and autolysosome accumulation. Additionally, knockdown of BECN1 reversed Gant61-induced motility inhibition. In conclusion, our results showed that dysfunction of Shh signaling activated autophagy to inhibit trophoblast motility, which suggests the Shh pathway and autophagy as potential targets for RM therapy.
Inhibition of interferon-signalling halts cancer-associated fibroblast-dependent protection of breast cancer cells from chemotherapy
Authors: Broad Robyn V. , Jones Stacey J. , Teske Melina C. , Wastall Laura M. , Hanby Andrew M. , Thorne James L. , Hughes Thomas A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) have poor prognoses despite aggressive treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are prominent in tumour stroma. Our hypothesis was that CAFs modulate chemotherapy sensitivity.

Methods
TNBC cells and breast fibroblasts were cultured; survival after chemotherapeutics was assessed using luciferase or clonogenic assays. Signalling was investigated using transcriptomics, reporters, recombinant proteins and blocking antibodies. Clinical relevance was investigated using immunohistochemistry.

Results
Breast CAFs dose-dependently protected TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157, but not MDA-MB-468s, from chemotherapy. CAF-induced protection was associated with interferon (IFN) activation. CAFs were induced to express IFNβ1 by chemotherapy and TNBC co-culture, leading to paracrine activation in cancer cells. Recombinant IFNs were sufficient to protect MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 but not MDA-MB-468 cells. In TNBC patients, IFNβ1 expression in CAFs correlated with cancer cell expression of MX1, a marker of activated IFN signalling. High expression of IFNβ1 (CAFs) or MX1 (tumour cells) correlated with reduced survival after chemotherapy, especially in claudin-low tumours (which MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 cells represent). Antibodies that block IFN receptors reduced CAF-dependent chemoprotection.

Conclusions
CAF-induced activation of IFN signalling in claudin-low TNBCs results in chemoresistance. Inhibition of this pathway represents a novel method to improve breast cancer outcomes.
Metallic surface doping of metal halide perovskites
Authors: Lin Yuze , Shao Yuchuan , Dai Jun , Li Tao , Liu Ye , Dai Xuezeng , Xiao Xun , Deng Yehao , Gruverman Alexei , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Huang Jinsong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntentional doping is the core of semiconductor technologies to tune electrical and optical properties of semiconductors for electronic devices, however, it has shown to be a grand challenge for halide perovskites. Here, we show that some metal ions, such as silver, strontium, cerium ions, which exist in the precursors of halide perovskites as impurities, can n-dope the surface of perovskites from being intrinsic to metallic. The low solubility of these ions in halide perovskite crystals excludes the metal impurities to perovskite surfaces, leaving the interior of perovskite crystals intrinsic. Computation shows these metal ions introduce many electronic states close to the conduction band minimum of perovskites and induce n-doping, which is in striking contrast to passivating ions such as potassium and rubidium ion. The discovery of metallic surface doping of perovskites enables new device and material designs that combine the intrinsic interior and heavily doped surface of perovskites.
Non-resonant power-efficient directional Nd:YAG ceramic laser using a scattering cavity
Authors: Lee KyeoReh , Ma Ho Jin , Rotermund Fabian , Kim Do Kyung , Park YongKeun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNon-resonant lasers exhibit the potential for stable and consistent narrowband light sources. Furthermore, non-resonant lasers do not require well-defined optics, and thus has considerably diversified the available types of laser gain materials including powders, films, and turbid ceramics. Despite these intrinsic advantages, the practical applications of non-resonant lasers have been limited so far, mainly because of their low power efficiency and omnidirectional emission. To overcome these limitations, here we propose a light trap design for non-resonant lasers based on a spherical scattering cavity with a small entrance. Using a porous Nd3+:YAG ceramic, directional laser emission could be observed with significant enhancements in the slope efficiency and linewidth (down to 32 pm). A theoretical model is also developed to describe and predict the operation characteristics of proposed non-resonant laser.
Shielded goethite catalyst that enables fast water dissociation in bipolar membranes
Authors: Shehzad Muhammad A. , Yasmin Aqsa , Ge Xiaolin , Ge Zijuan , Zhang Kaiyu , Liang Xian , Zhang Jianjun , Li Geng , Xiao Xinle , Jiang Bin , Wu Liang , Xu Tongwen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOptimal pH conditions for efficient artificial photosynthesis, hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions, and photoreduction of carbon dioxide are now successfully achievable with catalytic bipolar membranes-integrated water dissociation and in-situ acid-base generations. However, inefficiency and instability are severe issues in state-of-the-art membranes, which need to urgently resolve with systematic membrane designs and innovative, inexpensive junctional catalysts. Here we show a shielding and in-situ formation strategy of fully-interconnected earth-abundant goethite Fe+3O(OH) catalyst, which lowers the activation energy barrier from 5.15 to 1.06 eV per HO − H bond and fabricates energy-efficient, cost-effective, and durable shielded catalytic bipolar membranes. Small water dissociation voltages at limiting current density (ULCD: 0.8 V) and 100 mA cm−2 (U100: 1.1 V), outstanding cyclic stability at 637 mA cm−2, long-time electro-stability, and fast acid-base generations (H2SO4: 3.9 ± 0.19 and NaOH: 4.4 ± 0.21 M m−2 min−1 at 100 mA cm−2) infer confident potential use of the novel bipolar membranes in emerging sustainable technologies.
Pan-cancer circulating tumor DNA detection in over 10,000 Chinese patients
Authors: Zhang Yongliang , Yao Yu , Xu Yaping , Li Lifeng , Gong Yan , Zhang Kai , Zhang Meng , Guan Yanfang , Chang Lianpeng , Xia Xuefeng , Li Lin , Jia Shuqin , Zeng Qiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) provides a noninvasive approach to elucidate a patient’s genomic landscape and actionable information. Here, we design a ctDNA-based study of over 10,000 pan-cancer Chinese patients. Using parallel sequencing between plasma and white blood cells, 14% of plasma cell-free DNA samples contain clonal hematopoiesis (CH) variants, for which detectability increases with age. After eliminating CH variants, ctDNA is detected in 73.5% of plasma samples, with small cell lung cancer (91.1%) and prostate cancer (87.9%) showing the highest detectability. The landscape of putative driver genes revealed by ctDNA profiling is similar to that in a tissue-based database (R2 = 0.87, p < 0.001) but also shows some discrepancies, such as higher EGFR (44.8% versus 25.2%) and lower KRAS (6.8% versus 27.2%) frequencies in non-small cell lung cancer, and a higher TP53 frequency in hepatocellular carcinoma (53.1% versus 28.6%). Up to 41.2% of plasma samples harbor drug-sensitive alterations. These findings may be helpful for identifying therapeutic targets and combined treatment strategies.