bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer in pregnancy increases the risk of venous thromboembolism: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Greiber IK , Mikkelsen AP , Karlsen MA , Storgaard L , Viuff JH , Mellemkjær L , Hjortshøj CS , Lidegaard Ø 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate if cancer in pregnancy causes a higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) during pregnancy and postpartum compared with pregnant women without cancer.DesignA historical prospective cohort study using data from nationwide registries.Setting and populationWe assessed all pregnancies in Denmark between 1 January 1977 and 31 December 2017.MethodsWe linked information concerning cancer diagnosis, pregnancy and VTE diagnosis and potential confounders. Event rates of VTE for women with pre‐pregnancy cancer, cancer in pregnancy and without cancer were calculated per 10 000 pregnancies and compared using logistic regression analysis.Main outcome measuresOccurrence of VTE during pregnancy or the postpartum period.ResultsA total of 3 581 214 pregnancies were included in the study and we found 1330 women with cancer in pregnancy. In pregnant women with cancer, the event rate of VTE was 75.2 per 10 000 pregnancies compared with 10.7 per 10 000 pregnancies in the no cancer group. The findings correspond to an increased adjusted odds ratio of 6.50 (95% CI3.5–12.1) in the cancer in pregnancy group in comparison with the no cancer group.ConclusionsWomen with cancer in pregnancy have a markedly higher risk of pregnancy‐associated VTE compared with women without cancer. In pregnancy‐related VTE risk assessment, the presence of cancer alone may be sufficient to indicate thromboprophylaxis.Tweetable abstractCancer in pregnancy increases the risk of VTE during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Camera trap detection of mycophagy among co‐occurring vertebrates
Authors: Elliott Todd F. , Vernes Karl 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThirty camera traps were deployed for a total of 4179 trap‐nights between January and June 2020 as part of a project assessing post‐fire recovery of pademelons (Thylogale spp.) in northern New South Wales. By chance, one camera documented a site that was highly productive for the ectomycorrhizal fungal genus Amanita. This camera provided a rare opportunity to document a diversity of co‐habitating vertebrates that utilise these ectomycorrhizal fungi for food and in turn perform an important ecosystem function through the dispersal of their spores. Our camera recorded eleven vertebrate species; of these, we captured photographic evidence of Australian brush‐turkeys (Alectura lathami), a parma wallaby (Notamacropus parma), long‐nosed bandicoots (Perameles nasuta), red‐legged pademelons (Thylogale stigmatica) and red‐necked pademelons (T. thetis) feeding on fungal fruiting bodies.
Toll‐like receptor 10 rs10004195 variation may be protective against Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin osteitis after newborn vaccination
Authors: Korppi Matti , Teräsjärvi Johanna , Lauhkonen Eero , Huhtala Heini , Nuolivirta Kirsi , He Qiushui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimToll‐like receptor 1 (TLR1), TLR2, TLR6 and TLR10 form the TLR2 subfamily. In our previous controlled studies in 132 subjects with osteitis after newborn Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccination, TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 variations were associated with the risk of BCG osteitis. Now, we evaluated the role of ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the TLR10 gene in this cohort.MethodsFive synonymous TLR10 SNPs (rs10004195, rs10856837, rs10856838, rs1109695 and rs11466652), and five missense TLR10 SNPs (rs11096955, rs11096957, rs11466649, rs11466653 and rs11466658) were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based sequencing in 132 former BCG osteitis patients.ResultsTLR10 rs10004195 polymorphism was associated with the risk of BCG osteitis, compared to Finnish population controls. The variant genotype (AT/AA) was present in 13.6% of cases versus 26.2% of controls (p = 0.024). Correspondingly, the minor allele frequency (MAF) was lower (0.075) in cases than in controls (0.152; p = 0.009). There were no significant differences in the genotypes of the other nine studied TLR10 SNPs or in the corresponding MAFs between cases and controls.ConclusionAmong ten studied TLR10 gene polymorphisms, the variation only in the TLR10 rs10004195 was associated with the BCG osteitis risk after newborn BCG vaccination.
Sex‐dependent effects of endocannabinoid modulation of conditioned fear extinction in rats
Authors: Morena Maria , Nastase Andrei S. , Santori Alessia , Cravatt Benjamin F. , Shansky Rebecca M. , Hill Matthew N. 
Published: December 2020

Background and PurposeWomen are twice as likely as men to develop post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) making the search for biological mechanisms underlying these gender disparities especially crucial. One of the hallmark symptoms of PTSD is an alteration in the ability to extinguish fear responses to trauma‐associated cues. In male rodents, the endocannabinoid system can modulate fear extinction and has been suggested as a therapeutic target for PTSD. However, whether and how the endocannabinoid system may modulate fear expression and extinction in females remains unknown.Experimental ApproachTo answer this question, we pharmacologically manipulated endocannabinoid signalling in male and female rats prior to extinction of auditory conditioned fear and measured both passive (freezing) and active (darting) conditioned responses.Key ResultsSurprisingly, we found that acute systemic inhibition of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) or 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol (2‐AG) hydrolysis did not significantly alter fear expression or extinction in males. However, the same manipulations in females produced diverging effects. Increased AEA signalling at vanilloid TRPV1 receptors impaired fear memory extinction. In contrast, inhibition of 2‐AG hydrolysis promoted active over passive fear responses acutely via activation of cannabinoid1 (CB1) receptors. Measurement of AEA and 2‐AG levels after extinction training revealed sex‐ and brain region‐specific changes.Conclusion and ImplicationsWe provide the first evidence that AEA and 2‐AG signalling affect fear expression and extinction in females in opposite directions. These findings are relevant to future research on sex differences in mechanisms of fear extinction and may help develop sex‐specific therapeutics to treat trauma‐related disorders.
Suing Canadian governments: Core public policy and operational decisions
Authors: Marland Alex , Osborne Philip , Levesque Mario 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChallenges in distinguishing between core policy and operational decisions in the public policy process have spawned a legal grey area in Canadian public administration. Governments are immune from civil liability for policy decisions made by the cabinet yet they remain exposed to liability for operational decisions by public servants. We seek to raise awareness of this nexus within the Canadian public administration community by drawing on key interviews with lawyers, former attorneys general, a former premier, a former judge and a legal scholar. We explain that demarcating policy from operational decisions relies on written documentation that is difficult to locate and may not exist. Clarity is desired, but Canadian courts are reluctant to overrule a public authority’s opinion, which is based on socio‐economic and political considerations. We conclude with observations for public administrators.
Tension in the Emergency Department? The Impact of Flow Stage Times on Managing Patient‐Reported Experiences and Financial Productivity
Authors: Smith Jeffery S. , Shockley Jeff , Anderson Sidney , Liu Xiaojin (Jim) 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTHealthcare providers are expected to compete across multiple performance dimensions, thereby managing both their financial productivity and the patients’ “in process” experiences. This fact creates tensions in some healthcare settings, as providers need to provide high‐quality care and positive customer experiences while still being financially responsible. Increasingly, these goals create pressures that require emergency departments (EDs) to generate operational efficiencies to improve how healthcare providers manage patient flow at different service stages and to deliver better care for an increasing number of patients at a more reasonable cost. From the perspective of managing patient process flow stage times, this article uses online ratings and secondary source data to examine how EDs can simultaneously improve both experiential and financial productivity performance. Our findings strongly indicate that EDs may be able to leverage the physician‐directed evaluation time stage to improve departmental efficiencies in both performance areas. However, the diminishing value of evaluation time and the time a patient spends in pre‐care for ED services are necessary contingencies to consider. Finally, to illustrate the practical relevance of these findings, we explore the perceived tradeoffs of managing the different patient flow time stages.
Normally functioning quadricuspid aortic valve mistaken for bicuspid valve in a septuagenarian
Authors: Molinary Michelle C. , Martin Amy B. , Asevedo Erin E. , McIlwain Elizabeth F. , Cospolich Brian , Kerut Edmund K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA 70‐year‐old male underwent transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography for a stroke. A bicuspid aortic valve was suspected by TTE, but TEE revealed a normally functioning quadricuspid aortic valve. A quadricuspid aortic valve may be more common than generally thought, as it may not be readily diagnosed by TTE, and may remain functionally normal.
Temporary Competitive Advantage: A State‐of‐the‐Art Literature Review and Research Directions
Authors: Dagnino Giovanni Battista , Picone Pasquale Massimo , Ferrigno Giulio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn many industries, the traditional sources of competitive advantage tend to evaporate fairly rapidly. Therefore, managers need to continually rethink and reformulate their firm strategies. Likewise, scholars have felt compelled to shift the traditional centre of attention from competitive advantage that is sustainable over time to a focus on how firms compete by achieving a series of temporary advantages. However, the proliferation of research on temporary competitive advantage, far from building a solid body of literature, has produced a series of fragmented studies. This condition calls for detecting the state of knowledge in this realm of strategic inquiry. By leveraging the present status of the literature on temporary competitive advantage, we offer a conceptual map of the current inquiry of the antecedents, management, and consequences of temporary competitive advantage. Then, we identify the key implications for strategy theory and discuss the major challenges for cultivating fertile territories in this intriguing area of research.
From Bronze Age Hillfort to Capital City New Radiocarbon Dates and the First Archaeobotanical Investigation at the Vilnius Castle Hill
Authors: Motuzaitė Matuzevičiūtė Giedrė , Rusteikytė Auksė , Minkevičius Karolis , Žėkaitė Monika , Tamulynas Linas 
Published: December 2020

The ‘Castle Hill’ represents the core territory of Vilnius, around which gravitated urban development, eventually culminating in the foundation of the capital of Lithuania. However, we know very little about the earliest occupation on Castle Hill - how it developed over time, and what the activities were of the people that inhabited the site. While the study of plant remains can provide a crucial insight into human staple foods, agricultural activities and the palaeoenvironment, previous attempts of archaeobotanical investigations of such an important cultural heritage site was cut short due to the outbreak of World War II.Here is presented the first archaeobotanical analyses from the territory of Castle Hill together with new radiocarbon dates stretching from the 8thcentury BC until the 14thcentury AD. The primary archaeobotanical analyses in combination with published datasets from adjacent regions around Castle Hill show that the diversification of crops and the introduction of various crop rotation practises during the 8-13thcenturies AD. Here, for the first time, attention is drawn to the agricultural strategies in medieval Vilnius that likely played a pivotal role in the formation and development of the city.
Participation in employment and day care for adults with intellectual disabilities: Equal access for all?
Authors: Engeland Jeanette , Strand Bjørn Heine , Innstrand Siw Tone , Langballe Ellen Melbye 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe employment rate for people with intellectual disabilities is low. This study aims to increase the knowledge about the association between age, gender, diagnosis, functional level, educational level, and daily activities for adults with intellectual disabilities.MethodA multinomial logistic analysis was applied to registry data on 12,735 adults with intellectual disabilities from the Norwegian Information System for the Nursing and Care Sector (IPLOS) and Statistics Norway (SSB).ResultsHigher likelihood of employment and day care participation were associated with younger age but differed between genders and diagnoses. High functional level and lack of a registered functional level decreased the likelihood for employment. Educational level was not associated with employment.ConclusionsThe systematic differences in employment and day care participation among people with intellectual disabilities indicate that actions are needed to prevent inequalities. Improved individual assessment of personal resources and wishes might promote participation in employment and day care.
Quantitative evaluation of facial sagging in different body postures using a three‐dimensional imaging technique
Authors: Park June Whan , Lee Myeongryeol , Kim Jihyun , Kim Eunjoo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe possible contribution of head flexion posture while using a smartphone to the formation of “smartphone face,” is an increasing concern. Smartphone face describes the facial changes in a stooped posture receiving more gravitational pull on the jowl area.AimsIn this study, we quantified facial sagging in different postural changes using a three‐dimensional imaging technique.MethodsFaces of 21 young (30.45 ± 2.81 yo, n = 11) and old (59.50 ± 3.37 yo, n = 10) Korean female subjects were scanned in different body postures including standing, supine, and head flexion (30°, 45°). The landmark displacements and volumetric changes in facial areas were assessed and correlated with skin elasticity. In addition, 22 Korean female subjects (45.45 ± 3.81 yo) were recruited to test the anti‐gravity effect of facial cream A, which was formulated with Stem III complex™, for 8 weeks.ResultsThe landmarks shifted inferior‐laterally with the supine posture, while the upper face shifted more laterally and the lower face shifted more inferiorly. With a head flexion posture, facial sagging occurred mainly toward the anterior direction with more prominent changes in the lower face. The changes were greater in the older group, and skin elasticity exhibited negative correlation with the shifting distances. A significant decrease in facial sagging was noted after an 8‐week treatment of facial cream A.ConclusionThe use of a three‐dimensional imaging technique could accurately assess the gravity‐induced facial changes in different postures. The head flexion posture particularly gives more gravitational pull to the lower face, which could contribute to the drooping jawline.
Exploring Knowledge and Attitudes About Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among School Nurses in an Urban School District
Authors: Selvan Preethi , Kearney Matthew , Cognetti David , Massey Philip , Leader Amy 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDNurses in an urban school district completed a brief survey about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination.METHODSDescriptive and bivariate analyses examined trends and differences.RESULTSAmong 208 nurses, only 3% correctly answered all 5 knowledge questions. Nurses with greater than 10 years of experience were more confident about where to refer a student for vaccination (p < .01) and less likely to be interested in providing the vaccine at their school (p < .001) compared to those with less than 10 years of experience. Almost one third (32%) of nurses reported having access to educational material about the HPV vaccine at their schools.CONCLUSIONSWhereas most nurses had positive attitudes about the vaccine, fewer were interested in administering the HPV vaccine in school. Educational resources for school nurses could increase awareness of the vaccine and promote linkages to care outside of school.
Intra‐and Interpersonal Factors Buffer the Relationship Between Food Insecurity and Mental Well‐Being Among Middle Schoolers
Authors: Brinkman Jesse , Garnett Bernice , Kolodinsky Jane , Wang Weiwei , Pope Lizzy 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFood insecurity (FI) is a significant predictor of feelings of isolation in children, as well as suicide ideation and depression. Using a census of public middle school‐aged children, we seek to determine whether FI is associated with suicide ideation and feelings of hopelessness and how individual and school community factors can alleviate or exacerbate this relationship.METHODSWe analyzed data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey, conducted statewide by the Vermont Department of Health and administered to all public middle schoolers (N = 13,648). Questions were asked about FI, suicidal thoughts, feelings of hopelessness, perceptions of teaching and community care, physical activity, breakfast consumption, and demographics. Bivariate and cross‐tabular analyses were conducted in SPSS, and regressions and Sobel tests were conducted in STATA.RESULTSResults show that FI is associated with decreases in psychological well‐being as measured by suicide ideation and feelings of hopelessness in students. However, students who reported eating breakfast regularly, feeling connected to their community or having a positive relationship with a teacher had significantly lower instances of suicide ideation and hopelessness.CONCLUSIONSuicide prevention programs should focus on enhancing community connection and student‐teacher relationships and increasing funding for breakfast programs in schools.
Addition of palm olein to lard‐supplemented diet indicates myocardial dysfunction and augments oxidative stress by authophagy‐lysosome pathway in rats
Authors: Kurhaluk Natalia , Bojková Bianka , Kajo Karol , Macháleková Katarína , Kisková Terézia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated a prolonged effect of palm oil addition to lard‐supplemented diet (PLD) on the oxidative status, lysosomal enzyme activities, markers of hepatotoxicity and basic lipid profile in female rats. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats received PLD (10% of total fat: 7.5% from palm oil and 2.5% from lard), and the control group received lard‐supplemented diet (2.5% fat) from 28 days of age for 14 weeks. Histopathological evaluation of the liver from animals fed the PLD showed slight steatosis and signs of mild chronic inflammation. Reduction of extramedullary hematopoiesis and an increased ratio of red/white pulp were observed in the spleen. PLD induced oxidative stress (evaluated in the liver, heart, spleen, muscle and kidney) evidenced by an increase in conjugated dienes and malondialdehyde in all tissues except the muscle; protein carbonyl derivatives were increased as well. The changes in the antioxidant enzyme activities in the evaluated tissues were ambiguous except for the prominent increase in the heart. Lysosomal enzyme activities showed a tendency to increase in the heart and kidney and to decrease in the muscle and spleen. The De Ritis ratio, which is a biomarker of hepatotoxicity, was higher in the heart from animals fed the PLD. The palm oil addition to the lard‐supplemented diet‐induced prominent oxidative stress, particularly in myocardial tissue with involvement of the authophagy‐lysosome pathway.
Prenatal maternal sleep and trajectories of postpartum depression and anxiety symptoms
Authors: Gueron‐Sela Noa , Shahar Golan , Volkovich Ella , Tikotzky Liat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPostpartum emotional distress is very common, with 10%–20% of postpartum women reporting depressive or anxiety disorders. Sleep is a modifiable risk factor for emotional distress that has a pivotal role in postpartum adjustment. The present study aimed to examine whether sleep duration and quality during pregnancy predict trajectories of emotional distress in the postpartum period. Participants were 215 women that were assessed from the third trimester of pregnancy to 18‐months postpartum. At all five time points (third trimester, 3‐, 6‐, 12‐, and 18‐months postpartum), measures of sleep duration and quality (measured by wake time after sleep onset; WASO) were derived from both actiography and diary‐based measures. Repeated measures of depression and anxiety symptoms were collected using self‐report measures. Results indicated four bivariate postpartum depression and anxiety growth trajectories, including (a) high comorbidity (5.4%); (b) moderate comorbidity (19.4%); (c) low anxiety and decreasing depression symptomology (18.6%); and (d) low symptomology (56.6%). Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that mothers with shorter sleep durations during pregnancy were more likely to belong to the high comorbidity or moderate symptoms classes compared to the low symptomology class. In addition, mothers with higher WASO (i.e. lower sleep quality) at 3‐months postpartum were more likely to belong to the moderate class compared to the low symptomology class. Given the potential negative implications of disrupted sleep in the perinatal period, the present study may inform future intervention studies that target sleep problems during pregnancy.
Novel neonatal presentation of megalencephaly‐polymicrogyria‐pigmentary mosaicism syndrome (MPPM) related to MTOR mutation: Report of a case
Authors: Taylor Dustin L. , Wildin Robert S. , Morley Keith W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is a critical mediator of cell functions. Activating mutations of this pathway are known to disturb normal growth and development, leading to a range of overgrowth and neurologic syndromes. We report a case of megalencephaly‐polymicrogyria‐pigmentary mosaicism syndrome (MPPM) in novel association with MTOR pathogenic variant c.6644C>A (p.Ser2215Tyr) and neonatal evanescent skin findings. This case highlights the importance of a thorough newborn cutaneous examination, as this initial window offers a critical opportunity for potential prognostication and surveillance for neurological sequelae.