bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer supported open dialogue in a UK NHS trust – a qualitative exploration of clients’ and network members’ experiences
Authors: Hendy Corrine , Pearson Mark 
Published: January 2020

PurposeAs the evidence base in relation to open dialogue continues to grow and develop, this paper contributes to the growing evidence base within the UK. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the experiences of those who have received the service and reports a qualitative evaluation of an open dialogue service operating within the National Health Service of the UK.Design/methodology/approachThe opportunity to participate was offered to all those who had received open dialogue within this particular National Health Service (NHS) trust. In total, seven participants, from four different social networks, participated in the research and attended semi-structured focus groups. The audio recordings of all focus groups were transcribed and the data as subjected to inductive thematic analysis.FindingsThe results provide an insight into the lived experience of the individuals who received open dialogue. The analysis of the data gathered in the focus groups revealed three major themes: relational mutuality, dichotomy with other mental health services and dialogical freedom.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that individuals and networks positively experienced receiving open dialogue, particularly in relation to the way in which they were able to relate to, and work with practitioners. However, the results did also raise some issues in relation to the complications of introducing the open dialogue model into existing NHS structures.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the emerging evidence base in relation to open dialogue, especially considering the current lack of existing research undertaken within the UK.
Governance as integrity
Authors: Da Veiga Maria do Rosário , Major Maria 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Through a case study on the governance structures of the UN, the purpose of this paper is to develop a critique of Public and Private Bureaucracies Transaction Cost Economics (PPBTCE) (Williamson, 1999) as a theoretical lens to analyze internal oversight structures.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors explore “probity” and “independence” transactions’ attributes through historical narrative case-based research to answer the question – Why did numerous attempts to strengthen the governance of UN internal oversight structures not relieve “probity” hazards?

Findings
The analysis shows that at the UN increasing and strengthening the governance of oversight structures, i.e., incentives, did not relieve probity/ethics hazards as predicted in PPBTCE. Secretaries-General and UN General Assembly, entities charged with oversight powers, systematically trumpeted the UN Charter, breaching probity/ethics and disregarding the supervisory independence prerogative of internal oversight structures, hence failing to contribute to the “common good” and to protect the UN mission.

Originality/value
This paper is the first application of PPBTCE to internal oversight transactions within an International organization context testing probity and independence attributes. The authors find that “independence” outweighs the “asset specificity” attribute whenever decisions on the governance of internal oversight arise. As far as sourcing decisions are concerned, the authority of the sovereign and the independence of the judiciary as well as quasi-judiciary transactions are not transferable attributes and, thus, cannot be contracted along with the actors’ ethics. PPBTCE should be modified to include, e.g. “virtues ethics” behavioral assumption as a transaction costs’ reduction device and explanatory framework for “probity” hazards, abandoning the opportunism behavioral assumption.
Actors and the information flows in the Czech parliamentary budget debate
Authors: Sedmihradská Lucie , Kučera Jan 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a model that allows analyzing exchange and use of fiscal information by the roles of actors involved in the budget process and to apply the proposed model to the 2018 Czech state budget debate. The aim is to identify approaches used by the members of the Chamber of Deputies (members of the parliament (MPs)) when gathering information to be used in their decision making on the state budget, and to evaluate usefulness of the information provided through the executive’s budget proposal.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is the observatory study of the Czech 2018 state budget debate based on a set of unstructured interviews with newly elected MPs.FindingsWhen it comes to the MPs deciding about the state budget the executive’s budget proposal seems to be an insufficient source of information as the MPs relied heavily on various information brokers during the budget debate. The use of information and communication technologies in the process of information provision lags behind its potential.Practical implicationsThe authors suggest two possible ways to improve the effective transparency of the Czech state budget debate: standardization of the chapter books and making them available to every MP as well as to the general public, and adding the budget proposal to the Monitor budget explorer – a publicly available budget explorer provided by the Ministry of Finance.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper lies in the proposal of the Fiscal Information Ecosystem Model and its application to the 2018 Czech state budget debate which shows how the members of the Czech Chamber of Deputies gathered information they needed in their decision making.
An examination of participative leadership amongst national library directors worldwide
Authors: Lo Patrick , Stark Andrew 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse managerial approaches of a selective group of national library directors, examining their views and perceptions of successful library leadership in the twenty-first century in different sociocultural contexts. This study was carried out based on a series of semi-structured interviews with ten top-level directors of national libraries located on different continents.

Design/methodology/approach
The data collection method for this study consisted of the narrative analysis of the ten interviews coupled with the participative leadership theory, which highlights the leaders’ desire to create a more democratic culture within their library organisations.

Findings
The analysis of these interviews reveals that many of the directors’ responses were supportive to the concepts discussed in participative leadership. National librarians, through their participative leadership philosophies, values and beliefs, contributed to the development of an institutional culture that fostered improving trust, communications, engagement as well as promotion of inter-team relationships by breaking down the traditional “hierarchical” barriers within their organisations.

Research limitations/implications
The participants were predominantly from Europe; only one participant represented the USA, Middle East (Israel) and Northern Africa (Egypt). As a result, there are not many diverse viewpoints from national library directors outside of Europe. Further studies would be needed to obtain a more international perspective in the national library sphere. Furthermore, this study only examines the views and attitudes of ten different library directors. In comparison with the totality of national library directors across the world, this is a relatively small sample. This study may not be representative of all national library directors around the world.

Originality/value
The results of this study would be of interest to library professionals and educators interested in management, as well as Library and Information Science students who want to understand how national library directors view successful traits of participative leadership in different sociocultural contexts.
EU’s democracy promotion in Egypt before and after Arab uprisings
Authors: Zahran Alaa Hosny 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to outline how the EU figures out the importance of strengthening its relations with Egypt as one of the most strategic countries in the region to keep the union secured and stable. The paper also assesses to what extent the EU succeeds to promote democracy in Egypt.

Design/methodology/approach
The EU pursues its policy through a series of both bilateral and multilateral agreements with Egypt aiming at positioning their relations in a strategic context. The research adopted different approaches as descriptive and analytical ones.

Findings
Following the Arab uprisings, the EU was caught by surprise and announced a paradigm shift in its relations and introduced a set of policies to foster democracy promotion that witnessed some successes but with extremely modest results in some areas compared to the costs of the process. The EU succeeded in important reforms in trade liberalization while it did not bring clear changes in the political arena in Egypt.

Originality/value
The findings of this paper convey that the Arab uprisings were a wake-up call for the EU. It was the right time for the EU to conduct such a strategic and sincere reflection based on the role it wants to play in the changing region. In addition, findings prove that the EU’s response to revolutionary events has been weak and hesitant, and the EU has not an effective role in promoting democracy in Egypt.
Responding to hate: how national and local incidents sparked action at the UNLV University Libraries
Authors: Fiedler Brittany Paloma , Mitola Rosan , Cheng James 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe how an academic library at one of the most diverse universities in the country responded to the 2016 election through the newly formed Inclusion and Equity Committee and through student outreach.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper details the context of the 2016 election and the role of social justice in librarianship. It offers ideas for how library diversity committees can address professional development, recruitment and retention efforts and cultural humility. It highlights student outreach efforts to support marginalized students, educate communities and promote student activism. Finally, it offers considerations and suggestions for librarians who want to engage in this work.

Findings
This paper shows that incorporating social justice, diversity, equity and inclusion requires individuals taking action. If institutions want to focus on any of these issues, they need to formally include them in their mission, vision and values as well as in department goals and individual job descriptions. The University of Nevada, Las Vegas University Libraries fully supports this work, but most of the labor is done by a small number of people. Unsustainable practices can cause employee burnout and turnover resulting in less internal and external efforts to support diversity.

Originality/value
Most of the previous literature focuses either on internal activities, such as professional development and committees, or on student-focused activities, such as outreach events, displays and instruction. This paper is one comprehensive review of both kinds of activities.
Pregnancy and childbirth in English prisons: institutional ignominy and the pains of imprisonment
Authors: Abbott Laura , Scott Tricia , Thomas Hilary , Weston Kathy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith a prison population of approximately 9000 women in England, it is estimated that approximately 600 pregnancies and 100 births occur annually. Despite an extensive literature on the sociology of reproduction, pregnancy and childbirth among women prisoners is under‐researched. This article reports an ethnographic study in three English prisons undertaken in 2015‐2016, including interviews with 22 prisoners, six women released from prison and 10 staff members. Pregnant prisoners experience numerous additional difficulties in prison including the ambiguous status of a pregnant prisoner, physical aspects of pregnancy and the degradation of the handcuffed or chained prisoner during visits to the more public setting of hospital. This article draws on Erving Goffman's concepts of closed institutions, dramaturgy and mortification of self, Crewe et al.'s work on the gendered pains of imprisonment and Crawley's notion of ‘institutional thoughtlessness’, and proposes a new concept of institutional ignominy to understand the embodied situation of the pregnant prisoner.
The paradoxical mechanisms of high‐performance work systems (HPWSs) on perceived workload: A dual‐path mediation model
Authors: Liu Fang , Chow Irene Hau‐Siu , Zhu Weichun , Chen Weiqi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe invoke conservation of resources theory to present an integrative model that simultaneously examines the positive and negative effects of employee‐experienced high‐performance work systems (experienced‐HPWSs) on perceived workload (PW). Analysis of three‐wave, time‐lagged data from 368 employees of four major state‐owned commercial banks in China revealed that experienced‐HPWSs positively predict perceived organisational support, which in turn decreases PW. Experienced‐HPWSs positively predict psychological empowerment, which in turn increases PW. The positive influence of psychological empowerment on PW is stronger than the negative influence of perceived organisational support on PW, indicating that resource loss is more salient than resource gain. This dual‐path mediation model increases our understanding of the mechanisms through which HPWSs influence PW and highlights the coexistence of opposite impacts during the process.
Root‐tip cutting and uniconazole treatment improve the colonization rate of Tuber indicum on Pinus armandii seedlings in the greenhouse
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Ye Lei , Zhang Xiaoping , Tan Hao , Li Qiang 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe Chinese black truffle Tuber indicum is commercially valuable. The main factors influencing the success or failure of a truffle crop include the mycorrhizal colonization rate and host plant quality. The effects of a plant growth regulator (uniconazole) and plant growth management technique (root‐tip cutting) on T. indicum colonization rate and Pinus armandii seedling growth were assessed under greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that 10 mg l−1 uniconazole or the combination of 5 mg l−1 uniconazole and root‐tip cutting constitutes an effective method for ectomycorrhizal synthesis based on an overall evaluation of colonization rate, plant biomass, plant height, root weight, stem circumference and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and POD) of P. armandii. The abundance of Proteobacteria in the rhizosphere of colonized seedlings might serve as an indicator of stable mycorrhizal colonization. This research inspires the potential application of uniconazole and root‐tip cutting treatments for mycorrhizal synthesis and truffle cultivation.
Video reflection: An emerging tool for training client‐centred communication skills in staff supporting adults with learning disabilities in an education setting
Authors: Meadows Ben , Taylor Megan , Rayment Tara , Johnson Jane , Mahon Merle 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summary

Video reflection is one of the best ways to help staff develop their communication skills provided the training setting is supportive.

Good communication skills are important so staff can support people with learning disabilities access education.

This study filmed education staff working with people with a learning disability at college.

The staff watched the video so they could see themselves and think about what they did well and what they could improve on.

The results found that staff were better at communicating and more confident using their communication skills after watching the video.

AbstractBackgroundSpeech and language therapists (SLTs) contribute to communication with adults with learning disabilities by providing training to the networks that support them. The requirements for successful communication with this population are frequently complex and necessitate an effective training medium to transfer the target knowledge and skills. Video has increasingly been used as a tool to facilitate self‐reflection and behaviour change. Currently, there is limited research into the effectiveness of video‐based training in education settings for adults with learning disabilities. Therefore, this study investigated the effectiveness of video reflection training (VRT) for support staff in a college for adults with learning disabilities.Materials and MethodTen staff members with diverse skill sets completed three VRT sessions aimed at improving their use of communication strategies. Training evaluation measures were taken before and after VRT and included use of communication strategies, self‐efficacy, training pre‐conceptions and training experience.ResultsOverall, the majority of staff made gains either in their use of communication strategies or in their self‐efficacy ratings. Yet, study limitations restrict conclusions regarding whether VRT itself caused these outcomes. Interpretation revealed five factors relating to the effectiveness of VRT: tailoring training to staff's pre‐existing skills, practising facilitation techniques, providing acceptable training, increasing self‐reflection skills and using video as a reflection tool.ConclusionsRegardless of the limitations, this study provides findings that VRT is a useful tool for training support staff to use client‐centred communication skills in an education setting. Future training programmes should be individualised and tailored to staff depending on their skill sets.
Combined effects of land use and hunting on distributions of tropical mammals
Authors: Gallego‐Zamorano Juan , Benítez‐López Ana , Santini Luca , Hilbers Jelle P. , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , Schipper Aafke M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLand use and hunting are 2 major pressures on biodiversity in the tropics. Yet, their combined impacts have not been systematically quantified at a large scale. We estimated the effects of both pressures on the distributions of 1884 tropical mammal species by integrating species’ range maps, detailed land‐use maps (1992 and 2015), species‐specific habitat preference data, and a hunting pressure model. We further identified areas where the combined impacts were greatest (hotspots) and least (coolspots) to determine priority areas for mitigation or prevention of the pressures. Land use was the main driver of reduced distribution of all mammal species considered. Yet, hunting pressure caused additional reductions in large‐bodied species’ distributions. Together, land use and hunting reduced distributions of species by 41% (SD 30) on average (year 2015). Overlap between impacts was only 2% on average. Land use contributed more to the loss of distribution (39% on average) than hunting (4% on average). However, hunting reduced the distribution of large mammals by 29% on average; hence, large mammals lost a disproportional amount of area due to the combination of both pressures. Gran Chaco, the Atlantic Forest, and Thailand had high levels of impact across the species (hotspots of area loss). In contrast, the Amazon and Congo Basins, the Guianas, and Borneo had relatively low levels of impact (coolspots of area loss). Overall, hunting pressure and human land use increased from 1992 to 2015 and corresponding losses in distribution increased from 38% to 41% on average across the species. To effectively protect tropical mammals, conservation policies should address both pressures simultaneously because their effects are highly complementary. Our spatially detailed and species‐specific results may support future national and global conservation agendas, including the design of post‐2020 protected area targets and strategies.
Recombinant adiponectin peptide promotes neuronal survival after intracerebral haemorrhage by suppressing mitochondrial and ATF4‐CHOP apoptosis pathways in diabetic mice via Smad3 signalling inhibition
Authors: Wu Xun , Luo Jianing , Liu Haixiao , Cui Wenxing , Guo Wei , Zhao Lei , Guo Hao , Bai Hao , Guo Kang , Feng Dayun , Qu Yan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveLow levels of adiponectin (APN), a biomarker of diabetes mellitus, have been implicated in the poor outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Herein, we aimed to demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of a blood‐brain barrier‐permeable APN peptide (APNp) on ICH injury in diabetic mice and explore the underlying mechanisms.Materials and methodsRecombinant APNp was administrated intraperitoneally to mice with collagenase‐induced ICH. Neurological deficits, brain water content and neural apoptosis were assessed. Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative RT‐PCR and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the signalling pathways affected by APNp.ResultsAdiponectin peptide significantly alleviated neural apoptosis, neurological deficits and brain oedema following ICH in diabetic mice. Mechanistically, APNp promoted the restoration of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)‐1α related mitochondrial function and suppressed activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)‐CCAAT‐enhancer‐binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)‐induced neural apoptosis. Furthermore, Smad3 signalling was found to play a regulatory role in this process by transcriptionally regulating the expression of PGC‐1α and ATF4. APNp significantly suppressed the elevated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad3 after ICH in diabetic mice, while the protective effects of APNp on mitochondrial and ATF4‐CHOP apoptosis pathways were counteracted when Smad3 was activated by exogenous transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 treatment.ConclusionsOur study provided the first evidence that APNp promoted neural survival following ICH injury in the diabetic setting and revealed a novel mechanism by which APNp suppressed mitochondrial and ATF4‐CHOP apoptosis pathways in a Smad3 dependent manner.