bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kemampuan dan Kemauan Pasien Umum Rawat Inap Dalam Membayar Pelayanan Kesehatan Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Kaliwates Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Annaafia Yanuar , Witcahyo Eri , Utami Sri 
Published: March 2020

AbstrakTarif rasional ditetapkan dengan menghitung unit cost yaitu memperhatikan characteristics of product yang merupakan informasi terkait kemampuan dan kemauan membayar. Selain menjadi kosntanta dalam menghitung unit cost, kemampuan dan kemauan dihitung guna kendali mutu dan biaya di rumah sakit. Data Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat RSU Kaliwates, angka kepuasan konsumen yang belum memenuhi standart adalah tarif pelayanan rawat inap. Hasil studi pendahuluan pada pasien umum rawat inap adalah 70% memiliki estimasi tarif kurang dari tarif yang ditetapkan rumah sakit, 20% mengatakan tarif kurang terjangkau dan 10% lainnya tidak dapat mengestimasikan tarif maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung kemampuan dan kemauan masyarakat dalam membayar pelayanan kesehatan rawat inap di RSU Kaliwates. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik yang dilakukan kepada 91 pasien umum rawat inap di RSU Kaliwates dengan teknik sampling total population. Nilai riil ATP yang didapatkan memiliki rata-rata sebesar Rp 438.101,-, dengan kategori kemampuan terbesar adalah kemampuan tinggi pada interval ≥ Rp 409.375,- serta estimasi kemauan membayar adalah WTP1 memiliki rata-rata Rp 256.923,- dan WTP2 memiliki rata-rata Rp 300.714,-. Saran yang diberikan adalah perhitungan biaya satuan dengan memperhatian kemampuan dan kemauan membayar masyarakat, pengembangan ruang rawat inap sesuai kebutuhan masyarakat, peningkatan tenaga medis, dan pengembangan inovasi penyampaian informasi. Abstract Rational rates were determined by calculating unit costs into account characteristics of product as information related ability and willingness to pay. Ability and willingness were calculated for quality control and cost at the hospital. Community satisfaction index in Kaliwates General hospital released number of customer satisfaction that hasn’t met the standard was rate of inpatient services. Results of preliminary study on general inpatients were 70% having an estimated rate of less than rate set by the hospital, 20% said rates were less affordable and 10% couldn’t estimate rates, then this study was calculate ability and willingness to pay for inpatient health services at the Kaliwates General Hospital. This study was an analytical study conducted on 91 general inpatients at Kaliwates General Hospital with total population sampling technique. The real value of ATP obtained has an average of IDR 438,101 with largest ability category was high ability at intervals ≥ IDR 409,375 and estimation of willingness to pay,WTP1 has an average of 256,923 and WTP2 has an average of 300,714,- The advice is calculation of unit cost with due regard ability and willingness to pay, development of inpatient rooms according to community needs,improvement of medical personnel,and development of information delivery innovations.
Generations in Families Talking Safe Sleep (GIFTSS)
Authors: Aitkin Mary E. , Miller Beverly K. , Bai Shasha , Mullins Samantha H. , Walton-Buford Serifatu T. , Whiteside-Mansell Leanne 
Published: March 2020

Background: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and suffocation account for more than half of all Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths (SUID) and are leading causes of post-neonatal deaths. Risk reduction strategies, including supine sleep position and safe sleep environment, are critical for prevention. Teen mothers, especially those in rural, poor, southern states, are at higher risk due to low compliance with recommendations.
Methods: We will conduct a randomized trial to test a tailored educational intervention on the sleep-related safety behaviors of teen mothers. In one study arm, the intervention will include not only the teen mothers but also senior caregivers (SCGs) to assess the influence they have in the decision-making of young mothers regarding infant health and safety. Our hypotheses are H1) teen mothers exposed to intervention will be more likely than controls to adopt safe sleep practices, and H2) teen mothers will be more likely to use those practices when they and their mothers or other significant female senior caregivers also participate in safe sleep education.
Discussion: Better understanding of the mediating role of female SCGs in the health decision of young mothers for their children may have implications for interventions addressing important health problems.
Contemporary diets of walruses in Bristol Bay, Alaska suggest temporal variability in benthic community structure
Authors: Maniscalco John M. , Springer Alan M. , Counihan Katrina L. , Hollmen Tuula , Aderman Helen M. , Toyukak, Sr. Moses 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundPacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) are a conspicuous and important component of the Bristol Bay ecosystem and human social systems, but very little is known about walrus ecology in this region, principally their feeding ecology. The present work provides contemporary data on the diets of walruses at four haulout locations throughout Bristol Bay between 2014 and 2018.MethodsWe analyzed scat and gastrointestinal tract samples from these animals using quantitative polymerase chain reaction to amplify prey DNA, which allowed for diet estimates based on frequencies of prey item occurrence and on the relative importance of dietary items as determined from DNA threshold cycle scores.ResultsDiets were highly diverse at all locations, but with some variation in composition that may be related to the time of year that samples were collected (summer vs. autumn), or to spatial variability in the distribution of prey. Overall, polychaetes and tunicates had the highest frequencies of occurrence and relative abundances in 2014–15, but a major change in diet appears to have occurred by 2017–18. While some sample sizes were small, diets in these later years contrasted sharply, with a greater prevalence of sea cucumbers and mollusks, and reduced importance of decapods and fishes compared to the earlier years. Prey identified in scat samples from one collection site also contrasted sharply with those reported from the same location in 1981. The apparent temporal shifts in walrus prey may represent a changing benthic ecosystem due to warming waters in recent decades.
Shift work and migraine: A systematic review
Authors: Leso Veruscka , Gervetti Paola , Mauro Sara , Macrini Maria C , Ercolano Maria L , Iavicoli Ivo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of headache, mainly affecting the working age population with a great socioeconomic impact. The etiology of migraine is still uncertain, and various individual and/or environmental risk factors have been suggested as triggers of the attacks, including irregularities in the sleep-wake rhythm. In this perspective, it is possible that shift and night work, affecting circadian rhythms, may play a key function in the disease pathogenesis. Therefore, aim of this review was to provide an overview on the possible association between shift works and migraine development or clinical outcomes.

Methods
A systematic review of literature studies available in Pubmed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases, addressing the possible shift work-migraine relationship was performed.

Results
Conflicting data emerged from the revised studies. Some results supported a positive association between migraine prevalence and shift works, according to peculiar job tasks, seniority in shift works, specific work schedules, and number of night shifts performed in a month. However, other investigations failed to confirm such findings.

Conclusions
The limited number of available studies, their cross-sectional nature, the different criteria employed for migraine diagnosis, and the various shift work schedules analyzed, together with exposure to other confounding factors on workplace do not allow to extrapolate definite conclusions on shift work-migraine relationship. From an occupational health perspective, further studies appear necessary to better understand such exposure-disease association and possibly define risk assessment and management strategies to protect the health of susceptible and/or migraine affected workers.
Genomic and pathological heterogeneity in clinically diagnosed small cell lung cancer in never/light smokers identifies therapeutically targetable alterations
Authors: Ogino Atsuko , Choi Jihyun , Lin Mika , Wilkens Margaret K. , Calles Antonio , Xu Man , Adeni Anika E. , Chambers Emily S. , Capelletti Marzia , Butaney Mohit , Gray Nathanael S. , Gokhale Prafulla C. , Palakurthi Sangeetha , Kirschmeier Paul , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Sholl Lynette M. , Jänne Pasi A. 
Published: March 2020

Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) occurs infrequently in never/former light smokers. We sought to study this rare clinical subset through next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and by characterizing a representative patient‐derived model. We performed targeted NGS, as well as comprehensive pathological evaluation, in 11 never/former light smokers with clinically diagnosed SCLC. We established a patient‐derived model from one such patient (DFCI168) harboring an NRASQ61K mutation and characterized the sensitivity of this model to MEK and TORC1/2 inhibitors. Despite the clinical diagnosis of SCLC, the majority (8/11) of cases were either of nonpulmonary origin or of mixed histology and included atypical carcinoid (n = 1), mixed non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma and SCLC (n = 4), unspecified poorly differentiated carcinoma (n = 1), or small‐cell carcinoma from different origins (n = 2). RB1 and TP53 mutations were found in four and five cases, respectively. Predicted driver mutations were detected in EGFR (n = 2), NRAS (n = 1), KRAS (n = 1), BRCA1 (n = 1), and ATM (n = 1), and one case harbored a TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion. DFCI168 (NRASQ61K) exhibited marked sensitivity to MEK inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. The combination of MEK and mTORC1/2 inhibitors synergized to prevent compensatory mTOR activation, resulting in prolonged growth inhibition in this model and in three other NRAS mutant lung cancer cell lines. SCLC in never/former light smokers is rare and is potentially a distinct disease entity comprised of oncogenic driver mutation‐harboring carcinomas morphologically and/or clinically mimicking SCLC. Comprehensive pathologic review integrated with genomic profiling is critical in refining the diagnosis and in identifying potential therapeutic options.
Ni/Cd and Ni‐MH – The Transition to “Charge Carrier”‐Based Batteries
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhu Min 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Ni‐MH battery is developed and commercialized with lithium‐ion battery almost at the same time, to replace the environmentally unfriendly Ni/Cd battery and meet the increasing energy density requirements of consumer electronic devices. The success of Ni‐MH battery in consumer and industrial markets is mainly attributed to its specific negative electrode materials, namely a large variety of intermetallic compounds with reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption during charging and discharging. A unique hydrogen shuttle mechanism through the aqueous alkaline electrolyte between the layered Ni(OH)
2
cathode and interstitial metal hydride anode could be thus achieved. Hydrogen as the charge carrier in Ni‐MH battery is like the lithium ion in the lithium‐ion battery. The simple and robust structure of Ni‐MH battery brings high safety under various conditions, making Ni‐MH battery very competitive in applications demanding safety priority, such as hybrid electric vehicles. The brief history, basic structure, research, and development of electrode materials of Ni‐MH battery are introduced, with the emphasis on the hydrogen storage electrode alloys. Future development of Ni‐MH battery is expected to be focused on the automotive and stationary energy storage applications by greater innovation in the hydrogen storage alloy anodes with ultra‐high capacity and overall electrochemical properties.
Brief Survey on the Historical Development ofLIBs
Authors: Ozawa Kazunori 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLithium‐ion rechargeable batteries are widely used not only for mobile devices but also for electric vehicles and energy‐storage systems because of their high voltage, high energy density, high power density, long cycle life, no memory effect, and other excellent characteristics.Sony was the first company in the world which mass‐produced lithium‐ion rechargeable batteries using lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2)/carbon system. Unlike the previous batteries, it was completed not only by electrochemical knowledge but also by the integration of physics, chemistry, metallurgy, electronics, and almost all other sciences and technologies.Sony had fortunately almost all of the technologies within the group even in the year 1991. The success of Sony will be described in this article.
Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Mohr Marit , Weil Marcel , Peters Jens , Wang Zhangqi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article provides an outline of the currently existing and possible future recycling pathways for end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries and corresponding current industry activities. Beginning with an outlook onto current and possible future demand for lithium batteries and corresponding resource limitations, it addresses the current state of the art in lithium‐ion battery recycling and its role for a future circular battery economy. Apart from a detailed description of the different available recycling processes and their technological assessment, it also provides details about potential environmental benefits and limitations. Technological challenges and potentials are discussed together with other aspects related to environment, economy, legislation and future developments, providing thus a comprehensive summary of all relevant aspects in the field.
Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Chen Ruiyong , Huang Zhifeng , Hempelmann Rolf , Henkensmeier Dirk , Kim Sangwon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe all‐vanadium redox flow batteries (RFBs) have been first developed in 1980s and are considered as one of the most promising systems for large‐scale and widespread electrochemical energy storage applications in terms of the intrinsic safety using aqueous electrolytes, cost‐effective upscaling, reliability and decades‐long lifetime. We introduce the features and key components of vanadium RFBs, including vanadium electrolytes, ion exchange membranes and electrodes. The optimization in the concentration of vanadium ions, types and concentration of supporting acids, use of different additives have been summarized, which determines the chemical and thermal stability, conductivity, viscosity, and the consequent operating performance. The redox anolyte and catholyte are separated by an ion exchange membrane. Properties of the membranes such as swelling behavior, conductivity for charge carrier ions, permeability and crossover for vanadium ions are discussed. Moreover, different membranes to conduct cations (such as Nafion membranes), anions and porous, size‐exclusion membranes are compared. For flow cell operation, the fluidic vanadium electrolytes are circulated through the electrochemical cell with typically carbon‐based electrode materials in thick felt or thin paper forms. The active sites are created by chemical methods or by using electrocatalysts. High power output can be realized by designing the flow channels of the bipolar plates.
Solid‐State Batteries with Inorganic Electrolytes
Authors: Suzuki Naoki , Watanabe Taku , Fujiki Satoshi , Aihara Yuichi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Demand for better energy storage continues to increase because of the new and improved technologies in electric vehicles (EVs), Internet of Things (IoT), and various forms of portable electronics. All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) are deemed a promising power source for some of the applications because of their unique characteristics. In this article, the background and the current state of the field are first discussed. Different types of ASSBs (thin‐film, microbattery, and bulk‐type) are described, and their characteristics and applications are highlighted with particular emphasis on the differences from conventional liquid electrolyte batteries. After a brief summary of the history and application of all‐solid‐state primary batteries, all‐solid‐state secondary batteries of various types are described. Then, an overview of the thin‐film and micro‐size rechargeable batteries is given. A large portion of this article is dedicated to the large‐size secondary batteries due to their high energy density and high capacity, with particular emphasis on sulfide‐type ASSBs. The general procedure and challenges of the fabrication process of large‐format cells are also described for sulfide ASSBs. Finally, practical issues and common misconceptions regarding sulfide ASSBs are discussed, and the outlook of the field is discussed. This work will provide a review of this field from the industrial research and development (R&D) perspective and help bridge the gap between the views of academia and industry.
Li/S
Authors: Chung Sheng‐Heng , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries are among the most promising energy‐storage devices because of their high charge‐storage capacity, low cost, and the wide availability of sulfur. Thus, it is essential to develop the potential of lithium–sulfur cells as a next‐generation rechargeable energy‐storage technology and transition them into practical battery systems. However, the design of high‐energy‐density lithium–sulfur batteries with long‐term stability has encountered significant challenges due to the intrinsic materials characteristics (e.g. insulating nature of sulfur, irreversible polysulfide relocation, volume change of sulfur, lithium anode degradation, low electrolyte stability, and electrode degradation). Over the past 20 years, efforts to improve the battery performance and chemistry have resulted in new scientific insights, indicating that the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur system and its intrinsic materials challenges are further aggravated by several extrinsic technical conditions, including the cell‐fabrication parameters (e.g. the amount of sulfur, electrolyte, and lithium metal used) and the cell‐testing conditions (e.g. operating voltage window, testing temperature, and cycle rates). In order to successfully bring the lithium–sulfur battery technology to the market, we need to focus on developing high‐loading sulfur cathodes under lean electrolyte and controlled excess lithium conditions. However, it has proven extremely challenging to develop a cell that simultaneously satisfies these metrics while also displaying acceptable high electrochemical efficiency and stability. To understand these issues, the fundamental conversion battery chemistry and issues associated with lithium–sulfur system, particularly in terms of the intrinsic materials characteristics and extrinsic technical conditions are discussed in this article.
Nonlithium Aprotic Metal/Oxygen Batteries UsingNa,K,Mg, orCaas Metal Anode
Authors: Schröder Daniel , Janek Jürgen , Adelhelm Philipp 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetal/oxygen batteries utilize oxygen from the surrounding and thereby allow to store the minimal mass of active material inside the battery. Because of this and the fact that the reaction between oxygen and many metals releases a substantial amount of energy, they formally can provide the highest energy storage capacities among all batteries. On paper, virtually any metal being used in a metal/oxygen battery provides appealing theoretical specific energies above several hundreds or thousands of Wh kg−1. This fact is the main driving force for studying their properties both in academia and industry.The herein presented part focuses on the working principle, the history, and the development of aprotic batteries that comprise either Na, K, Ca, or Mg as metal anode. Since the mid‐2000s, the main focus was on the Li/O2system for which – after initial enthusiasm – it was realized that major drawbacks (dendrite formation, electrolyte instability, and poor kinetics) persist. A rational approach is to learn from other metal/oxygen cells with the hope that the specific properties related to Na, K, Mg, or Ca on their own can solve some of the challenges associated with the Li/O2battery. The last years have seen significant progress in the understanding of the oxygen redox behavior (formation/dissolution mechanism of discharge products) and the formation of singlet oxygen as a source of grave degradation. Comparing the various aprotic metal/oxygen batteries shows that there is a great chance for mutual improvement with the hope to realize, sooner or later, rechargeable devices for practical applications.
The Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Carbocyclic Nucleosides via Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Amination of Alicyclic MBH Adducts with Purines
Authors: Kang Bo , Zhang Qi‐Ying , Qu Gui‐Rong , Guo Hai‐Ming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe enantioselective synthesis of carbocyclic nucleosides through the palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic amination of alicyclic Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) adducts with purines was successfully developed. With a combination of Pd2(dba)3/L7 as catalyst, various optically active carbocyclic nucleosides featuring a C=C double bond in the carbocycle moiety were obtained in high yields (up to 97%) with excellent N9/N7‐selectivities (>95/5) and enantioselectivities (up to >99.6%). In addition, these nucleoside analogs allowed for rapid transformation to a variety of other interesting structurally diverse chiral carbocyclic nucleosides.magnified image
Long‐term water retention increases in degraded soils amended with cross‐linked polyacrylamide
Authors: Lentz Rodrick D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCross‐linked polymer hydrogels, polyacrylamide co‐polymer (XPAM), and K‐polyacrylate (XPAA) increase soil water availability under drought, but their long‐term effects are unknown despite the importance of such knowledge in assessing economic feasibility. This 9‐yr outdoor pot study evaluated a one‐time addition of XPAM or XPAA at 0.25 or 0.5% dry weight (5.6 or 11.2 Mg ha−1) in a degraded calcareous silt loam. Controls included an unamended degraded soil and an unamended nondegraded soil (topsoil). Soil water retention and plant available water (PAW, g water g−1 dry soil−1) were measured in soil samples collected in spring for seven of the nine years. Across all years, the 0.5% XPAM produced the greatest PAW (0.318) and the PAW of other treatments followed in the order: 0.5% XPAM > 0.25% XPAM > Topsoil > 0.5% XPAA > 0.25% XPAA = control (0.224). In all years, the 0.25% XPAM and 0.5% XPAM treatments increased soil PAW relative to the control, that is, their PAW ratios exceeded unity. Topsoil PAW exceeded that of the control in six of the seven years measured. The PAW of 0.25% XPAM and 0.5% XPAM peaked in Year 1 after application and declined linearly with time (P < .03), at −0.0036 yr−1 and −0.0044 yr−1, respectively. Hence, the mean residence time the XPAM‐related water‐retention benefit is 24–29 yr. In this study, soil water‐retention benefits from XPAM amendments exceeded projections proposed by the industry (5 yr) and suggests that the cost‐benefits of field‐level XPAM applications might be more favorable than previously anticipated.