bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of the Dorsum of the Foot and Its Relevance for Nonsurgical Cosmetic Procedures
Authors: Custozzo Amanda , Frank Konstantin , Schenck Thilo L. , Gotkin Robert H. , Smith Michael P. , Green Jeremy B. , Sykes Jonathan , Tamura Bhertha , Lachman Nirusha , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Operative procedures to enhance the aesthetic appearance of the feet are associated with risks. Minimally invasive procedures to volumize the dorsum of the foot are to this point not described. The present study investigates the safety and efficacy of such procedures in a retrospective clinical, anatomical, and ultrasound-based study.

Methods:
A total of 106 feet from 53 female patients (mean age, 64.1 ± 8.3 years) were investigated retrospectively after the injection of a commercially available calcium hydroxylapatite product using a single-entry proximal-to-distal fanning injection technique. Anatomical dissections in 20 fresh, nonembalmed feet from 10 human body donors (mean age, 83.1 ± 8.8 years) were dissected, and 20 feet from 10 healthy volunteers (mean age, 26.5 ± 6.2 years) were examined by ultrasound imaging to help guide conclusions.

Results:
Aesthetic outcome after 3 months was graded by the patients as 4, connoting good improvement (range, 3 to 5). No allergic reactions or other types of adverse events were documented. The layered anatomy of the dorsum of the foot was confirmed by anatomical dissections and ultrasound imaging as follows: skin, dorsal superficial fatty layer, dorsal superficial fascia, dorsal intermediate fatty layer, superficial lamina of the dorsal deep fascia, dorsal deep fatty layer, and deep lamina of the dorsal deep fascia.

Conclusions:
Minimally invasive injections of soft-tissue filler in the dorsum of the foot can provide an alternate solution to enhance the aesthetic appearance of feet. The present study provides support for the safety and efficacy of volumizing procedures using a 22-gauge, 50-mm, blunt-tip cannula.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Hysterectomy Versus Hysteropexy at the Time of Native Tissue Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Chang Olivia H. , Shepherd Jonathan P. , Ridgeway Beri M. , Cadish Lauren A. 
Published: June 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine whether a hysterectomy at the time of native tissue pelvic organ prolapse repair is cost-effective for the prevention of endometrial cancer.

Methods
We created a decision analysis model using TreeAge Pro. We modeled prolapse recurrence after total vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension (TVH-USLS) versus sacrospinous ligament fixation hysteropexy (SSLF-HPXY). We modeled incidence and diagnostic evaluation of postmenopausal bleeding, including risk of endometrial pathology and diagnosis or death from endometrial cancer. Modeled costs included those associated with the index procedure, subsequent prolapse repair, endometrial biopsy, pelvic ultrasound, hysteroscopy, dilation and curettage, and treatment of endometrial cancer.

Results
TVH-USLS costs US $587.61 more than SSLF-HPXY per case of prolapse. TVH-USLS prevents 1.1% of women from experiencing postmenopausal bleeding and its diagnostic workup. It prevents 0.95% of women from undergoing subsequent major surgery for the treatment of either prolapse recurrence or suspected endometrial cancer. Using our model, it costs US $2,698,677 to prevent one cancer death by performing TVH-USLS. As this is lower than the value of a statistical life, it is cost-effective to perform TVH-USLS for cancer prevention. Multiple 1-way sensitivity analyses showed that changes to input variables would not significantly change outcomes.

Conclusions
TVH-USLS increased costs but reduced postmenopausal bleeding and subsequent major surgery compared with SSLF-HPXY. Accounting for these differences, TVH-USLS was a cost-effective approach for the prevention of endometrial cancer. Uterine preservation/removal at the time of prolapse repair should be based on the woman’s history and treatment priorities, but cancer prevention should be one aspect of this decision.
CRISpy-pop: a web tool for designing CRISPR/Cas9-driven genetic modifications in diverse populations
Authors: Stoneman Hayley R. , Wrobel Russell L. , Place Michael , Graham Michael , Krause David J. , De Chiara Matteo , Liti Gianni , Schacherer Joseph , Landick Robert , Gasch Audrey P. , Sato Trey K. , Hittinger Chris Todd 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful tool for editing genomes, but design decisions are generally made with respect to a single reference genome. With population genomic data becoming available for an increasing number of model organisms, researchers are interested in manipulating multiple strains and lines. CRISpy-pop is a web application that generates and filters guide RNA sequences for CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing for diverse yeast and bacterial strains. The current implementation designs and predicts the activity of guide RNAs against more than 1000Saccharomyces cerevisiaegenomes, including 167 strains frequently used in bioenergy research.Zymomonas mobilis, an increasingly popular bacterial bioenergy research model, is also supported. CRISpy-pop is available as a web application (https://CRISpy-pop.glbrc.org/) with an intuitive graphical user interface. CRISpy-pop also cross-references the human genome to allow users to avoid the selection of sgRNAs with potential biosafety concerns. Additionally, CRISpy-pop predicts the strain coverage of each guide RNA within the supported strain sets, which aids in functional population genetic studies. Finally, we validate how CRISpy-pop can accurately predict the activity of guide RNAs across strains using population genomic data.
Short-Term Corticosteroids in SARS-CoV2 Patients: Hospitalists’ Perspective
Authors: Selvaraj Vijairam , Dapaah-Afriyie Kwame , Finn Arkadiy , Flanigan Timothy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. There is a hyperinflammatory response involved in the clinical course of patients with pneumonia due to SARS-CoV2. To date, there has been no definite therapy for COVID-19. We reviewed the charts of SARS-CoV2 patients with pneumonia and moderate to severely elevated CRP and worsening hypoxemia who were treated with early, short-term dexamethasone.MethodsWe describe a series of 21 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV2 and were admitted to The Miriam Hospital in Providence and were treated with a short course of dexamethasone, either alone or in addition to current investigative therapies.ResultsCRP levels decreased significantly following the start of dexamethasone from mean initial levels of 129.52 to 40.73 mg/L at time of discharge. 71% percent of the patients were discharged home with a mean length of stay of 7.8 days. None of the patients had escalation of care, leading to mechanical ventilation. Two patients were transferred to inpatient hospice facilities on account of persistent hypoxemia, in line with their documented goals of care.ConclusionsA short course of systemic corticosteroids among inpatients with SARS-CoV2 with hypoxic respiratory failure was well tolerated, and most patients had improved outcomes. This limited case series may not offer concrete evidence towards the benefit of corticosteroids in COVID-19. However, patients’ positive response to short-term corticosteroids demonstrates that they may help blunt the severity of inflammation and prevent a severe hyperinflammatory phase, in turn reducing the length of stay, ICU admissions, and healthcare costs.SummaryIn this series, we demonstrate that timely, short-term use of systemic corticosteroids among hospitalized patients with hypoxic respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV2 was well tolerated with good outcomes. The outcomes were reflected by reductions in inpatient mortality, CRP levels, requirement for mechanical ventilation and escalation of care.
Epigenomics, Genomics, Resistome, Mobilome, Virulome and Evolutionary Phylogenomics of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains
Authors: Kopotsa Katlego , Mbelle Nontombi M , John Osei Sekyere 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCarbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) remains a major clinical pathogen and public health threat with few therapeutic options. The mobilome, resistome, methylome, virulome and phylogeography of CRKP were characterised.MethodsCRKP collected in 2018 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, screening by multiplex-PCR, genotyping by Repetitive Element Palindromic-Polymerase Chain Reaction (REP-PCR), plasmid size, number, incompatibility, and mobility analyses, and PacBio’s SMRT sequencing (n=6).Results & conclusionThere were 56 multidrug-resistant CRKP, having blaOXA-48-like and blaNDM-1/7 carbapenemases on self-transmissible IncF, A/C, IncL/M and IncX3 plasmids endowed with prophages, traT, resistance islands and type I and II restriction modification systems (RMS). These plasmids were of close evolutionary relationship to several plasmids globally whilst the strains also clustered with several global clades, evincing transboundary horizontal and vertical dissemination. Reduced susceptibility to colistin occurred in 23 strains. Common clones included ST307, ST607, ST17, ST39, and ST3559. IncFIIk virulent plasmid replicon was present in 56 strains. The six strains contained at least 41 virulence genes and four different K- and O-loci types: KL2, KL25, KL27, KL102, O1, O2, O4 and O5. Types I, II, and III RMS, conferring m6A (GATC, GATGNNNNNNTTG, CAANNNNNNCATC motifs) and m4C (CCWGG) modifications on chromosomes and plasmids, were found.There is plasmid-mediated, clonal, and multiclonal dissemination of blaOXA-48-like and blaNDM-1 in South Africa, mirroring international epidemiology of similar clones and plasmids. Plasmid-mediated transmission of RMS, virulome and prophages influence bacterial evolution, epidemiology, pathogenicity, and resistance, threatening infection treatment. RMS influence on antimicrobial and bacteriophage therapy needs urgent investigation.Highlights/ImportanceK. pneumoniae is a major pathogen implicated in numerous nosocomial infections. Worryingly, we show that K. pneumoniae isolates from South Africa, Africa and globally are endowed with rich resistomes and mobilomes that make them almost pandrug resistant. The isolates in this study contained rich virulomes and prophages on both chromosomes and plasmids, with close evolutionary kith or kin to other plasmids identified worldwide. There was a rich diversity of restriction modification systems that regulate virulence, transcription, and plasmid mobility in bacteria, facilitating the epidemiology, resistance, pathogenicity and genomic evolution of the strains, and threatening antimicrobial and bacteriophage therapy.
DNA hypohydroxymethylation in pediatric central nervous system tumors is associated with CTCF binding sites and reduced survival
Authors: Azizgolshani Nasim , Petersen Curtis L. , Chen Youdinghuan , Salas Lucas A. , Perreard Laurent , Nguyen Lananh N. , Christensen Brock C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNucleotide-specific 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) remains understudied in pediatric central nervous system tumors. We measured genome-scale 5hmC in glioma, ependymoma, and embryonal tumors from children, as well as control pediatric brain tissues using oxidative and bisulfite treatments. Tumor 5hmC localized to regulatory elements crucial to cell identity, including transcription factor binding sites and super-enhancers. A linear model tested the CpG-specific differences in 5hmC between tumor and non-tumor samples, as well as between tumor subtypes. Compared to non-tumor samples, tumors were hypohydroxymethylated across the epigenome. Differentially hydroxymethylated loci among tumor subtypes tended to be hypermethylated and disproportionally found in CTCF binding sites and genes related to posttranscriptional RNA regulation, such as DICER1. Model-based clustering results indicated that patients with low 5hmC patterns have poorer overall survival and increased risk of recurrence. These results have implications for emerging molecular neuropathology classification approaches and epigenetic therapeutic strategies in childhood brain tumors.
Space-time conditional autoregressive modeling to estimate neighborhood-level risks for dengue fever in Cali, Colombia
Authors: Desjardins M.R. , Eastin M.D. , Paul R. , Casas I. , Delmelle E.M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVector-borne diseases (VBDs) affect more than 1 billion people a year worldwide, cause over 1 million deaths, and cost hundreds of billions of dollars in societal costs. Mosquitoes are the most common vectors, responsible for transmitting a variety of arboviruses. Dengue fever (DENF) has been responsible for nearly 400 million infections annually. Dengue fever is primarily transmitted by female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Since both Aedes species are peri-domestic and container-breeding mosquitoes, dengue surveillance should begin at the local level - where a variety of local factors may increase the risk of transmission. Dengue has been endemic in Colombia for decades and is notably hyperendemic in the city of Cali. For this study, we use weekly cases of DENF in Cali, Colombia from 2015-2016; and develop space-time conditional autoregressive models to quantify how DENF risk is influenced by socioeconomic, environmental, and accessibility risk factors, and lagged weather variables. Our models identify high-risk neighborhoods for DENF throughout Cali. Statistical inference is drawn under Bayesian paradigm using Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. The results provide detailed insight about the spatial heterogeneity of DENF risk and the associated risk factors (such as weather, proximity to Aedes habitats, and socioeconomic classification) at a fine-level, informing public health officials to motivate at-risk neighborhoods to take an active role in vector surveillance and control, and improving educational and surveillance resources throughout the city of Cali.
COVID-19 lockdown: if, when and how
Authors: Mayorga Lía , García Samartino Clara , Flores Gabriel , Masuelli Sofía , Sánchez María V. , Sánchez Cristián G. , Mayorga Luis S. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundWith the lack of an effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, mathematical modeling has stepped up in the COVID-19 management to guide non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) policies. Complete lockdown has been characterized as the most powerful strategy for the epidemic; anyhow, it is associated with undeniable negative consequences. Not aware that global panic could make countries adopt premature and lengthy lockdowns, previous studies only warned about the inefficacy of late quarantine sets. Therefore, we proposed ourselves to find the optimal timing and lasting for COVID-19 suppressive measures.MethodsWe used our previously elaborated compartmental SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered) model to scan different timings for lockdown set and various lockdown lengths under different reproduction number (R0) scenarios. We explored healthcare parameters focusing on ICU occupation and deaths since they condition the sanitary system and reflect the severity of the epidemic.ResultsThe timing for the lockdown trigger varies according to the original R0and has great impact on ICU usage and fatalities. The less the R0the later the lockdown should be for it to be effective. The lockdown length is also something to consider. Too short lockdowns (∼15 days) have minimal effect on healthcare parameters, but too long quarantines (>45 days) do not benefit healthcare parameters proportionally when compared to more reasonable 30 to 45-day lockdowns. We explored the outcome of the combination of a 45-day lockdown followed by strict mitigation measures sustained in time, and interestingly, it outperformed the lengthy quarantine. Additionally, we show that if strict mitigation actions were to be installed from the very beginning of the epidemic, lockdown would not benefit substantially regarding healthcare parameters.ConclusionLockdown settiming and lastingare non-trivial variables to COVID-19 management.
Mathematical modeling explains differential SARS CoV-2 kinetics in lung and nasal passages in remdesivir treated rhesus macaques
Authors: Goyal Ashish , Duke Elizabeth R. , Cardozo-Ojeda E. Fabian , Schiffer Joshua T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRemdesivir was recently demonstrated to decrease recovery time in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In rhesus macaques, early initiation of remdesivir therapy prevented pneumonia and lowered viral loads in the lung, but viral loads increased in the nasal passages five days after therapy. We developed mathematical models to explain these results. We identified that 1) drug potency is slightly higher in nasal passages than in lungs, 2) viral load decrease in lungs relative to nasal passages during therapy because of infection-dependent generation of refractory cells in the lung, 3) incomplete drug potency in the lung that decreases viral loads even slightly may allow substantially less lung damage, and 4) increases in nasal viral load may occur due to a slight blunting of peak viral load and subsequent decrease of the intensity of the innate immune response, as well as a lack of refractory cells. We also hypothesize that direct inoculation of the trachea in rhesus macaques may not recapitulate natural infection as lung damage occurs more abruptly in this model than in human infection. We demonstrate with sensitivity analysis that a drug with higher potency could completely suppress viral replication and lower viral loads abruptly in the nasal passages as well as the lung.One Sentence SummaryWe developed a mathematical model to explain why remdesivir has a greater antiviral effect on SARS CoV-2 in lung versus nasal passages in rhesus macaques.
Recovery-associated resting-state activity and connectivity alterations in Anorexia nervosa
Authors: Lotter Leon D. , von Polier Georg , Offermann Jan , Buettgen Kimberly , Stanetzky Lukas , Eickhoff Simon B. , Konrad Kerstin , Seitz Jochen , Dukart Juergen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies provided controversial insight on the impact of starvation, disease status and underlying grey matter volume (GMV) changes on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) alterations in Anorexia nervosa (AN). Here we adapt a combined longitudinal and cross-sectional approach to disentangle the effects of these factors on resting-state alterations in AN.MethodsOverall, 87 female subjects were included in the study: adolescent patients with acute AN scanned at inpatient admission (N = 22, mean age 15.3 years) and at discharge (N = 21), 21 patients recovered from AN (22.3 years) and two groups of healthy age-matched controls (both N = 22, 16.0 and 22.5 years). Whole-brain measures of resting-state activity and functional connectivity were computed (Network Based Statistics, Global Correlation, Integrated Local Correlation, fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations) to assess rsfMRI alterations over the course of AN treatment before and after controlling for underlying GMV.ResultsPatients with acute AN displayed strong and widespread prefrontal, sensorimotor, parietal, temporal, precuneal and insular reductions of resting-state connectivity and activity. All alterations were independent of GMV and were largely normalized in short- and absent in long-term recovered AN.ConclusionsResting-state fMRI alterations in AN constitute acute and GMV independent presumably starvation-related phenomena. The majority of alterations found here normalized over the course of recovery without evidence for possible preexisting trait- or remaining “scar”-effects.
Analysis and Prediction of the COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Mohsin , Imran Mudassar , Khan Adnan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study we estimate the severity of the COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan prior to and after lock down restrictions were eased. We also project the epidemic curve considering realistic quarantine, social distancing and possible medication scenarios. We use a deterministic epidemic model that includes asymptomatic, quarantined, isolated and medicated population compartments for our analysis. We calculate the basic reproduction number ℛ0 for the pre and post lock down periods, noting that during this time no medication was available.1 The pre-lock down value of ℛ0 is estimated to be 1.07 and the post lock down value is estimated to be 1.86. We use this analysis to project the epidemic curve for a variety of lock down, social distancing and medication scenarios. We note that if no substantial efforts are made to contain the epidemic, it will peak in mid of September, with the maximum projected active cases being close to 700,000. In a realistic, best case scenario, we project that the epidemic peaks in early to mid July with the maximum active cases being around 120000.We note that social distancing measures and medication if available will help flatten the curve, however without the reintroduction of further lock down it would be very difficult to bring ℛ0 below 1. Our study strongly supports the recent WHO recommendation of reintroducing lock downs to control the epidemic.
The COVID-19 Spread Patterns in Italy and India: A Comparison of the Current Situations
Authors: Barauh Hemanta K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEpidemiological mathematical models and time series models can be used to forecast about the spread of an infectious disease. In this article, without using such models, we are going to show how exactly the pattern evolves day by day once a pattern is seen to be approximately followed by the data. Although in Italy as well as in India the novel corona virus appeared on the same day, in Italy the spread is nearly logarithmic by now and in India it is nearly exponential even now.
Health Condition and Test Availability as Predictors of Adults’ Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dai Huiyang , Zhang Stephen X. , Looi Kim Hoe , Su Rui , Li Jizhen 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundResearch identifying adults’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic relies solely on demographic predictors without examining adults’ health status during the COVID-19 pandemic as a potential predictor.MethodsAn online survey of 669 adults in Malaysia was conducted during May 2–8, 2020, six weeks after a Movement Control Order (MCO) was issued.FindingsAdults’ health condition had curvilinear relationships (horizontally reversed J-shaped) with insomnia, anxiety, depression and distress. Reported test availability for COVID-19 (from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”) also had curvilinear relationships (horizontally reversed J-shaped) with anxiety and depression. Younger adults reported worse mental health, but people from various religions and ethnic groups did not differ significantly in reported mental health.InterpretationAdults with worse health conditions had more mental health problems, especially adults at the lower end of the health spectrum. Test availability negatively predicted anxiety and depression, especially for adults experiencing poor COVID-19 test availability. The significant predictions of health condition and COVID-19 test availability suggest a new direction for the literature to identify psychiatric risk factors directly from health related variables during a pandemic.FundingTsinghua University-INDITEX Sustainable Development Fund (Project No. TISD201904).