bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐nasal zinc level relationship to COVID‐19 anosmia and type 1 interferon response: A proposal
Authors: Equils Ozlem , Lekaj Klaudi , Wu Arthur , Fattani Sahar , Liu Gene , Rink Lothar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnosmia is common among COVID‐19 patients and anosmia assessment is proposed to be useful in the early diagnosis and prognosis of patients. Data on the pathogenesis of anosmia during COVID‐19 suggest potential olfactory nerve involvement. Zinc is an essential micronutrient that regulates the immune responses, and zinc deficiency is known to induce anosmia and ageusia. We previously proposed that a drop in nasal zinc level is a normal nasal immune response to acute viral infections, including SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and play a role in the pathogenesis of anosmia. The drop in the local zinc level in response to SARS‐CoV‐2 may lead to lower type 1 interferons and shift toward Th2 immune responses; if prolonged, it may lead to increased viral replication and more severe disease. In people who are at risk for baseline systemic zinc deficiency, such as the elderly and those with chronic diseases such as, chronic lung disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐induced drop in nasal zinc level may be more severe and prolonged and lead to an insufficient anti‐viral nasal immune response and control the spread of the virus systemically and to the lungs. A better understanding of the clinical implications of baseline systemic zinc deficiency on anosmia and nasal immune responses may allow the development of new treatment strategies to slow down or stop the systemic invasion of SARS‐CoV‐2.
A History of Molecular Level Analysis of Natural Organic Matter by FTICR Mass Spectrometry and The Paradigm Shift in Organic Geochemistry
Authors: Cooper William T. , Chanton Jeffrey C. , D'Andrilli Juliana , Hodgkins Suzanne B. , Podgorski David C. , Stenson Alexandra C. , Tfaily Malak M. , Wilson Rachel M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNatural organic matter (NOM) is a complex mixture of biogenic molecules resulting from the deposition and transformation of plant and animal matter. It has long been recognized that NOM plays an important role in many geological, geochemical, and environmental processes. Of particular concern is the fate of NOM in response to a warming climate in environments that have historically sequestered carbon (e.g., peatlands and swamps) but may transition to net carbon emitters. In this review, we will highlight developments in the application of high‐field Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) in identifying the individual components of complex NOM mixtures, focusing primarily on the fraction that is dissolved in natural waters (dissolved organic matter or DOM). We will first provide some historical perspective on developments in FTICR technology that made molecular‐level characterizations of DOM possible. A variety of applications of the technique will then be described, followed by our view of the future of high‐field FTICR MS in carbon cycling research, including a particularly exciting metabolomic approach.
A global residual‐based stabilization for equal‐order finite element approximations of incompressible flows
Authors: Pacheco Douglas R. Q. , Schussnig Richard , Steinbach Olaf , Fries Thomas‐Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDue to simplicity in implementation and data structure, elements with equal‐order interpolation of velocity and pressure are very popular in finite‐element‐based flow simulations. Although such pairs are inf‐sup unstable, various stabilization techniques exist to circumvent that and yield accurate approximations. The most popular one is the pressure‐stabilized Petrov–Galerkin (PSPG) method, which consists of relaxing the incompressibility constraint with a weighted residual of the momentum equation. Yet, PSPG can perform poorly for low‐order elements in diffusion‐dominated flows, since first‐order polynomial spaces are unable to approximate the second‐order derivatives required for evaluating the viscous part of the stabilization term. Alternative techniques normally require additional projections or unconventional data structures. In this context, we present a novel technique that rewrites the second‐order viscous term as a first‐order boundary term, thereby allowing the complete computation of the residual even for lowest‐order elements. Our method has a similar structure to standard residual‐based formulations, but the stabilization term is computed globally instead of only in element interiors. This results in a scheme that does not relax incompressibility, thereby leading to improved approximations. The new method is simple to implement and accurate for a wide range of stabilization parameters, which is confirmed by various numerical examples.
Effects of mobile health interventions on improving glycemic stability and quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chin‐Jung Liu , Hsiao‐Yean Chiu , Yeu‐Hui Chuang , Kuan‐Chia Lin , Hui‐Chuan Huang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis meta‐analysis aimed to examine the effects of mobile‐health‐based (mHealth) interventions on improving glycemic stability and quality of life (QOL) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Various databases, including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Chinese Electronic Periodical Services, and China Knowledge Resource Integrated, were used to search for relevant articles. A fixed‐effects model or random‐effects model was used to examine the overall effect. Various methods, including Egger's test, Begg's test, and trim‐and‐fill, were adopted to examine publication bias. In total, 26 studies were recruited. Results of the random‐effects model showed that the use of mHealth‐based interventions significantly decreased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (mean difference = −0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.53 to −0.22, p < .001), and improved life satisfaction (Hedges' g = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.50, p = .003), worry of diabetes (Hedges' g = −0.25, 95% CI = −0.41 to 0.08, p = .004), and mental health (Hedges' g = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.64, p = .012). Both adults and youths with T1D can benefit from mHealth‐based interventions to improve HbA1c (Hedges’ g = −0.44, p = .002 vs. −0.30, p = .003). The effect of mHealth‐based interventions on improving QOL in both adults and youths could not be examined due to only one study published in adults with T1D. Moreover, those studies that included the function of feedback from professionals showed a significant effect of decreasing HbA1c compared to those without that function (Hedges' g = −0.48 vs. −0.16, p = .019). Mobile devices are convenient, instantaneous, and easy to use to communicate. Applying mHealth‐based interventions with the function of feedback from professionals can be considered an alternative healthcare service to achieve optimal glycemic stability in adults and youths with T1D.
The effects of solvent casting temperature and physical aging on polyhydroxybutyrate‐graphene nanoplatelet composites
Authors: Anbukarasu Preetam , Sauvageau Dominic , Elias Anastasia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDue to their unique set of properties, polymer composites reinforced with graphenic nanoparticles are materials of interest for applications such as actuators, sensors, and degradable electronic components. To implement polymer nanocomposites in such applications, it is necessary to understand how both processing conditions and aging affect their properties. This is especially important when the matrix is composed of a semicrystalline polymer susceptible to transformations due to aging. In this study, we investigate the physical properties of a biodegradable polymer nanocomposite, comprising a polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) matrix loaded with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) as a conductive filler. PHB/GNP nanocomposite films were prepared at different solvent casting temperatures ranging from 80 to 140°C. Results show that electrical resistivity decreased— from 42.3 Ω cm for 80°C to 3.01 Ω cm for 110°C and 1.5 Ω cm for 140°C—with increasing solvent casting temperature. Moreover, for nanocomposite films containing less than 10 wt% of GNP and processed at 80°C, we observed significant decrease in resistivity (>50%) over time when the sample was aged at room temperature. We postulate that this decrease in resistivity arises from the cold‐crystallization of PHB, as observed by X‐ray diffraction analysis, and the densification of the polymer matrix, which is a direct consequence of an increase in crystallinity of nearly 20% over 168 h of aging. These results show that understanding the aging behavior of nanocomposites made from semicrystalline polymers such as PHB is crucial when designing conductive polymer composites and active devices.
Structural basis for the N‐degron specificity of ClpS1 from Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kim Leehyeon , Heo Jiwon , Kwon Do Hoon , Shin Jin Seok , Jang Se Hwan , Park Zee‐Yong , Song Hyun Kyu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe N‐degron pathway determines the half‐life of proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes by precisely recognizing the N‐terminal residue (N‐degron) of substrates. ClpS proteins from bacteria bind to substrates containing hydrophobic N‐degrons (Leu, Phe, Tyr, and Trp) and deliver them to the caseinolytic protease system ClpAP. This mechanism is preserved in organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Bacterial ClpS adaptors bind preferentially to Leu and Phe N‐degrons; however, ClpS1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtClpS1) shows a difference in that it binds strongly to Phe and Trp N‐degrons and only weakly to Leu. This difference in behavior cannot be explained without structural information due to the high sequence homology between bacterial and plant ClpS proteins. Here, we report the structure of AtClpS1 at 2.0 Å resolution in the presence of a bound N‐degron. The key determinants for α‐amino group recognition are conserved among all ClpS proteins, but the α3‐helix of eukaryotic AtClpS1 is significantly shortened, and consequently, a loop forming a pocket for the N‐degron is moved slightly outward to enlarge the pocket. In addition, amino acid replacement from Val to Ala causes a reduction in hydrophobic interactions with Leu N‐degron. A combination of the fine‐tuned hydrophobic residues in the pocket and the basic gatekeeper at the entrance of the pocket controls the N‐degron selectivity of the plant ClpS protein.
Modeling a predictive maintenance management architecture to meet industry 4.0 requirements: A case study
Authors: Nordal Helge , El‐Thalji Idriss 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIndustry 4.0 is the latest paradigm of industrial production enabling a new level of organizing and controlling the entire value chain within a product life cycle by creating a dynamic and real‐time understanding of cross‐company behaviors. It is expected to have a considerable impact in the oil and gas (O&G) sector by revolutionizing current predictive maintenance and operation optimization. There are several challenges to be overcome before the Industry 4.0 vision is achieved: a standardized reference architecture, a business model, robust services, and products are all lacking. This paper develops a reference architecture for an intelligent maintenance management system that complies with Industry 4.0 visions and requirements. The industrial needs were derived from stakeholders and use case scenarios using a case study methodology. Systems engineering methods were applied to transfer the needs of the existing maintenance management system into a desired functional architecture. The new and upgraded requirements are predominantly related to advanced data analytics, resulting in new and modified functions within the traditional “Reporting” and “Analyses” modules. A more complex maintenance program is created through interfaces between various enabled data categories (historical records, real‐time measurements of performance and health, expert‐just‐in‐time). The study points to the changes required in the classical O&G maintenance management process to comply with Industry 4.0 vision and requirements.
Unusual Intensity Patterns of OH(6,2) and O(1S) Airglow Driven by Long‐Period Waves Observed Over the Andes Lidar Observatory
Authors: Amaro‐Rivera Yolián , Vargas Fabio , Huang Tai‐Yin , Urbina Julio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSimultaneous OH(6,2) and O(1S) nightglow measurements obtained at the Andes Lidar Observatory (ALO) (30.3°S, 70.7°W) from September 2011 to April 2018 have been analyzed to investigate an unusual intensity pattern, that is, O(1S) nightglow intensity enhancement concurrent with OH(6,2) nightglow intensity weakening. We identified 142 nights showing that behavior during the ∼6.5‐year period. The data set comprised of these 142 nights displayed a semiannual occurrence rate with maxima during the equinoxes. A semidiurnal tide fitting applied to the 30‐min bin size monthly averaged data shows that the largest amplitudes of the tide occur in April–May and August–September in both OH(6,2) and O(1S). SABER atomic oxygen (O) climatology near ALO shows higher O densities near the equinoxes, with maximum O densities in March and September at ∼96 km. Lidar temperature analysis suggests that the O(1S) enhancement concurrent with the OH(6,2) weakening is often accompanied by a temperature increase at 96 km and a decrease at 87 km. Simulations using airglow models have also been carried out to investigate the effect of a long‐period oscillation on the OH(6,2) and O(1S) airglow intensities. A sensitivity study has also been conducted to illustrate the effect of the characteristics of a long‐period wave on the airglow intensity patterns.
Variation of Jupiter's Aurora Observed by Hisaki/EXCEED: 4. Quasi‐Periodic Variation
Authors: Tao Chihiro , Kimura Tomoki , Kronberg Elena A. , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Murakami Go , Yamazaki Atsushi , Vogt Marissa F. , Bonfond Bertrand , Yoshioka Kazuo , Yoshikawa Ichiro , Kasaba Yasumasa , Kita Hajime , Okamoto Shogo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractQuasi‐periodic variations of a few to several days are observed in the energetic plasma and magnetic dipolarization in Jupiter's magnetosphere. Variation in the plasma mass flux related to Io's volcanic activity is proposed as a candidate for the variety of the period. Using a long‐term monitoring of Jupiter's northern aurora by the Earth‐orbiting planetary space telescope Hisaki, we analyzed the quasi‐periodic variation seen in the auroral power integrated over the northern pole for 2014–2016, which included monitoring Io's volcanically active period in 2015 and the solar wind near Jupiter during Juno's approach phase in 2016. Quasi‐periodic variation with periods of 0.8–8 days was detected. The difference between the periodicities during volcanically active and quiet periods is not significant. Our data set suggests that the difference of period between volcanically active and quiet conditions is below 1.25 days. This is consistent with the expected difference estimated from a proposed relationship based on a theoretical model applied to the plasma variation of this volcanic event. The periodicity does not show a clear correlation with the auroral power, central meridional longitude, nor Io phase angle. The periodic variation is continuously observed in addition to the auroral modulation due to solar wind variation. Furthermore, Hisaki auroral data sometimes shows particularly intense auroral bursts of emissions lasting <10 h. We find that these bursts coincide with peaks of the periodic variations. Moreover, the occurrence of these bursts increases during the volcanically active period. This auroral observation links parts of previous observations to give a global view of Jupiter's magnetospheric dynamics.
MMS Observations of Reconnection Separatrix Region in the Magnetotail at Different Distances From the Active Neutral X‐Line
Authors: Sergeev V. A. , Apatenkov S. V. , Nakamura R. , Plaschke F. , Baumjohann W. , Panov E. V. , Kubyshkin I. V. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Burch J. L. , Giles B. L. , Russell C. T. , Torbert R. B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe region surrounding the reconnection separatrix consists of many particle and wave transient features (electron, cold and hot ion beams, Hall E&B fields, kinetic Alfvén, LH, etc. waves) whose pattern and parameters may vary depending on the distance from active neutral line. We study nine quick MMS entries into the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) from the tail lobe to address the meso‐scale pattern and other characteristics of phenomena for active separatrix crossings as deduced from particle observations. The outermost thin layer (a fraction of ion inertial scale, di) of low‐density plasma consists of accelerated electron beams and lobe cold ions and displays density depletions (EBL region). It is followed by hot proton beam (PBL region) in which the plasma density grows from lobe‐like towards plasma sheet‐like values; the beam energy‐dispersion is used to estimate the distance from the active neutral line. Thin (usually ≤ di) region containing intense Hall‐like Ez perturbations (HR) usually overlaps with EBL and PBL regions. It often includes correlated B perturbations suggesting the Alfvén wave‐related transport from the reconnection source; the estimated Alfvénic ratio δE/(VA δB) varied between 0.3 and 1.3 in studied examples. The HR is associated with profound plasma property changes, including the heating of cold ion beams in its innermost part, it hosts intense structured field‐aligned currents and intense E‐field fluctuations. Surprisingly, most of abovementioned findings are valid for crossings observed at large distances from the reconnection region (exceeding a few tens Re or >100 di) except for longer time‐scales and larger spatial scales of the pattern.
Full‐Vector Paleosecular Variation Curve for the Azores: Enabling Reliable Paleomagnetic Dating for the Past 2 kyr
Authors: Béguin Annemarieke , Pimentel Adriano , de Groot Lennart V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor archeomagnetic dating, high‐quality directional and intensity paleosecular variation curves are needed. The Azores Archipelago in the mid‐Atlantic Ocean provides a wealth of volcanic products erupted during the Holocene, making it an ideal location to (1) gather paleomagnetic data from well dated lava flows and (2) construct a paleosecular variation (PSV) curve that enables paleomagnetic dating of volcanic products with unknown age. Here, we present new full‐vector paleomagnetic data from Pico Island, and combine the new data with existing data from neighboring islands to construct a new full‐vector PSV curve for the Azores Archipelago. An extensive rock‐magnetic study underpins the quality of our paleomagnetic carriers. From Pico Island, we obtained 21 new mean site directions; and 15 paleointensity estimates with the multimethod paleointensity approach from 12 sites, the age was known for 14 and 10 sites, respectively. By bootstrapping the non‐Gaussian uncertainty estimates of the radiocarbon age calibrations and the confidence intervals associated with the direction and paleointensity estimates, we produce the first full‐vector PSV curve with confidence intervals for the Azores covering the past 2 kyr. The PSV curve reveals a period of low inclination between ∼900 and 1560 AD, with minimum values of 32°. The potential of our new full‐vector PSV curve is demonstrated by successfully dating five lava flows from Pico Island.
Cell Therapy for Liver Disease: From Promise to Reality
Authors: Khan Sheeba , Khan Reenam S. , Newsome Philip N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOver the last decade, there has been a considerable progress in the development of cell therapy products for the treatment of liver diseases. The quest to generate well-defined homogenous cell populations with defined mechanism(s) of action has enabled the progression from use of autologous bone marrow stem cells comprising of heterogeneous cell populations to allogeneic cell types such as monocyte-derived macrophages, regulatory T cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, macrophages, etc. There is growing evidence regarding the multiple molecular mechanisms pivotal to various therapeutic effects and hence, careful selection of cell therapy product for the desired putative effects is crucial. In this review, we have presented an overview of the cell therapies that have been developed thus far, with preclinical and clinical evidence for their use in liver disease. Limitations associated with these therapies have also been discussed. Despite the advances made, there remain multiple challenges to overcome before cell therapies can be considered as viable treatment options, and these include larger scale clinical trials, scalable production of cells according to good manufacturing practice standards, pathways for delivery of cell therapy within hospital environments, and costs associated with the production.
Ameliorative and Safety Characteristics of Argemone mexicana in Indomethacin-Induced Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Idowu Oluwafemi Ayodeji , Arise Rotimi Olusanya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Argemone mexicana (A. mexicana) is a plant traditionally used in Nigeria and some African countries to treat peptic ulcer disease. In this study, the ameliorative effect of ethanolic leaf extract of A. mexicana in indomethacin-induced peptic ulcer and its safety were investigated. Phytochemical screening was performed using standard procedures. Ulcer was induced in rats by single oral administration dose of 25 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) indomethacin followed by treatment with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w. ethanolic leaf extract of A. mexicana. Ulcer-related indices such as gastric pH, acidity, pepsin, and Na+/K+-ATPase activities, glycoprotein, and mucus contents were determined. The status of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reductase, and transferase) in the stomach and duodenum of the rats was also evaluated. Safety of the extract in the liver and kidney was investigated by chromosomal aberration. The results showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins present in the extract as phytochemical constituents. The extract at 200 mg/kg b.w. significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated the gastric pH, volume, and acidity of the stomach. It also significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the glycoprotein and mucus contents in the mucosal membrane of rats. The status of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reductase, and transferase) in both tissues was also significantly improved. Study on safety evaluation revealed that the extract is relatively safe at the most active dose investigated. The study concluded that A. mexicana could serve as an alternative therapy for the development of a safer antiulcer drug.