bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect and mechanisms of sacral nerve stimulation on visceral hypersensitivity mediated by nerve growth factor
Authors: Jiang Liuqin , Ye Bixing , Wang Yun , Yu Ting , Xu Hairong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo investigate the efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) on nerve growth factor (NGF) mediated visceral sensitivity in normal rat and visceral hypersensitivity model rats. 120 male newborn rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: group A was normal model group; group B ~ F were all sensitized with acetic acid enema and grouped again. Group c2 was given NGF antagonist, d2 group was given NGF agonist, e2 group was given PI3K inhibitor, and f2 group was given PLC‐γ inhibitor. After treatment, the expression of NGF, TrKA, PI3K, AKT, PLC‐γ, NF‐κB, TRPV1, pTRPV1 and intracellular Ca2+ content were detected. The expression of protein TRPV1 and pTRPV1 was increased, and Ca2+ was increased in the visceral hypersensitive group. NGF, TrKA in NGF antagonist group, PI3K, AKT, NF‐κB in PI3K inhibitor group, PLC‐γ in PLC‐γ inhibitor group were all almost not expressed. The relative expression of NGF, TrKA, PI3K, AKT, PLC‐γ and NF‐κB in NGF antagonist group was lower than that in visceral hypersensitivity group and NGF activator group (P < .01). The relative expression of NGF, TrKA, PI3K and AKT mRNA in NGF antagonist group was lower than that in the normal model group (P < .01). There was no significant difference in the relative expression of PLC‐γ and NF‐κB mRNA (P > .05). The expression level of MAPK, ERK1 and ERK2 in visceral hypersensitivity group was higher than that in PI3K inhibitor group and PLC‐γ inhibitor group. The normal group Ca2+ curve was flat, and the NGF agonist group had the highest Ca2+ curve peak. Calcium concentration in visceral hypersensitivity group was higher than that in PI3K inhibitor group and that in PLC‐γ inhibitor group was higher than that in NGF antagonist group. The binding of TrkA receptor to NGF activates the MAPK/ERK pathway, the PI3K/Akt pathway and the PLC‐γ pathway, causing changes in the fluidity of intracellular and extracellular Ca2+, resulting in increased sensitivity of visceral tissues and organs.
In silico identification of thiostrepton as an inhibitor of cancer stem cell growth and an enhancer for chemotherapy in non–small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Huang Tse‐Hung , Wu Alexander T. H. , Cheng Tai‐Shan , Lin Kuan‐Ting , Lai Chia‐Jou , Hsieh Hao‐Wen , Chang Peter Mu‐Hsin , Wu Cheng‐Wen , Huang Chi‐Ying F. , Chen Kuan‐Yu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cancer treatment resistance and disease progression. Identifying an effective anti‐CSC agent may lead to improved disease control. We used CSC‐associated gene signatures to identify drug candidates that may inhibit CSC growth by reversing the CSC gene signature. Thiostrepton, a natural cyclic oligopeptide antibiotic, was the top‐ranked candidate. In non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, thiostrepton inhibited CSC growth in vitro and reduced protein expression of cancer stemness markers, including CD133, Nanog and Oct4A. In addition, metastasis‐associated Src tyrosine kinase signalling, cell migration and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) were all inhibited by thiostrepton. Mechanistically, thiostrepton treatment led to elevated levels of tumour suppressor miR‐98. Thiostrepton combined with gemcitabine synergistically suppressed NSCLC cell growth and induced apoptosis. The inhibition of NSCLC tumours and CSC growth by thiostrepton was also demonstrated in vivo. Our findings indicate that thiostrepton, an established drug identified in silico, is an inhibitor of CSC growth and a potential enhancer of chemotherapy in NSCLC.
LncRNA ZEB1‐AS1 down‐regulation suppresses the proliferation and invasion by inhibiting ZEB1 expression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wang Ning , Zhang Xiaosan , Liu Hongtao , Yang Shujun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultiple studies have unveiled that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in tumour progression and metastasis. However, the biological role of lncRNA ZEB1‐AS1 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains under investigation, and thus, the current study was to investigate the functions of ZEB1‐AS1 in proliferation and invasion of ESCC. Here, we discovered that ZEB1‐AS1 and ZEB1 were markedly up‐regulated in ESCC tissues and cells relative to their corresponding normal control. ZEB1‐AS1 and ZEB1 overexpressions were both related to TNM staging and lymph node metastasis as well as poor prognosis in ESCC. The hypomethylation of ZEB1‐AS1 promoter triggered ZEB1‐AS1 overexpression in ESCC tissues and cells. In addition, ZEB1‐AS1 knockdown mediated by siRNA markedly suppressed the proliferation and invasion in vitro in EC9706 and TE1 cells, which was similar with ZEB1 siRNA treatment, coupled with EMT alterations including the up‐regulation of E‐cadherin level as well as the down‐regulation of N‐cadherin and vimentin levels. Notably, ZEB1‐AS1 depletion dramatically down‐regulated ZEB1 expression in EC9706 and TE1 cells, and ZEB1 overexpression obviously reversed the inhibitory effects of proliferation and invasion triggered by ZEB1‐AS1 siRNA. ZEB1‐AS1 shRNA evidently inhibited tumour growth and weight, whereas ZEB1 elevation partly recovered the tumour growth in ESCC EC9706 and TE1 xenografted nude mice. In conclusion, ZEB1‐AS1 overexpression is tightly involved in the development and progression of ESCC, and it exerts the antitumour efficacy by regulating ZEB1 level in ESCC.
Manganese activates autophagy to alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress–induced apoptosis via PERK pathway
Authors: Liu Chang , Yan Dong‐Ying , Wang Can , Ma Zhuo , Deng Yu , Liu Wei , Xu Bin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOverexposure to manganese (Mn) is neurotoxic. Our previous research has demonstrated that the interaction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy participates in the early stage of Mn‐mediated neurotoxicity in mouse. However, the mechanisms of ER stress signalling pathways in the initiation of autophagy remain confused. In the current study, we first validated that ER stress–mediated cell apoptosis is accompanied by autophagy in SH‐SY5Y cells. Then, we found that inhibiting ER stress with 4‐phenylbutyrate (4‐PBA) decreased ER stress–related protein expression and reduced cell apoptosis, whereas blocking autophagy with 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) increased cell apoptosis. These data indicate that protective autophagy was activated to alleviate ER stress–mediated apoptosis. Knockdown of the protein kinase RNA‐like ER kinase (PERK) gene inhibited Mn‐induced autophagy and weakened the interaction between ATF4 and the LC3 promoter. Our results reveal a novel molecular mechanism in which ER stress may regulate autophagy via the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signalling pathway. Additionally, Mn may activate protective autophagy to alleviate ER stress–mediated apoptosis via the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signalling pathway in SH‐SY5Y cells.
Sublethal larval exposure to imidacloprid impacts adult behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Young Helen K. , Denecke Shane M. , Robin Charles , Fournier‐Level Alexandre 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPesticides are now chronically found in numerous ecosystems incurring widespread toxic effects on multiple organisms. For insects, the larvae are very exposed to pesticide pollution and the acute effect of insecticides on larvae has been characterized in a range of species. However, the carry‐on effects in adults of sublethal exposure occurring in larvae are not well characterized. Here, we use a collection of strains of Drosophila melanogaster differing in their larval resistance to a commonly used insecticide, imidacloprid, and we test the effect of larval exposure on behavioural traits at the adult stage. Focusing on locomotor activity and on courtship and mating behaviour, we observed a significant carry‐on effect of imidacloprid exposure. The heritability of activity traits measured in flies exposed to imidacloprid was higher than measured in controls and in these, courtship traits were genetically less correlated from mating success. Altogether, we did not observe a significant effect of the larval insecticide resistance status on adult behavioural traits, suggesting that selection for resistance in larvae does not involve repeatable behavioural changes in adults. This lack of correlation between larval resistance and adult behaviour also suggests that resistance at the larval stage does not necessarily result in increased behavioural resilience at a later life stage. These findings imply that selection for resistance in larvae as well as for behavioural resilience to sublethal exposure in adult will combine and impose a greater evolutionary constraint. Our conclusions further substantiate the need to encompass multiple trait measures and life stages in toxicological assays to properly assess the environmental impact of pesticides.
To pool or not to pool? Guidelines for pooling samples for use in surveillance testing of infectious diseases in aquatic animals
Authors: Laurin Emilie , Thakur Krishna , Mohr Peter G. , Hick Paul , Crane Mark St. J. , Gardner Ian A. , Moody Nicholas J. G. , Colling Axel , Ernst Ingo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSamples from multiple animals may be pooled and tested to reduce costs of surveillance for infectious agents in aquatic animal populations. The primary advantage of pooling is increased population‐level coverage when prevalence is low (<10%) and the number of tests is fixed, because of increased likelihood of including target analyte from at least one infected animal in a tested pool. Important questions and a priori design considerations need to be addressed. Unfortunately, pooling recommendations in disease‐specific chapters of the 2018 OIE Aquatic Manual are incomplete and, except for amphibian chytrid fungus, are not supported by peer‐reviewed research. A systematic review identified only 12 peer‐reviewed aquatic diagnostic accuracy and surveillance studies using pooled samples. No clear patterns for pooling methods and characteristics were evident across reviewed studies, although most authors agreed there is a negative effect on detection. Therefore, our purpose was to review pooling procedures used in published aquatic infectious disease research, present evidence‐based guidelines, and provide simulated data examples for white spot syndrome virus in shrimp. A decision tree of pooling guidelines was developed for use by peer‐reviewed journals and research institutions for the design, statistical analysis and reporting of comparative accuracy studies of individual and pooled tests for surveillance purposes.
Comparative genome analysis reveals a distinct influence of nucleotide composition on virus–host species‐specific interaction of prawn‐infecting nodavirus
Authors: Ismail Siti Noor Fatimah Binti , Baharum Syarul Nataqain , Fazry Shazrul , Low Chen Fei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDiscovery of species‐specific interaction between the host and virus has drawn the interest of many researchers to study the evolution of the newly emerged virus. Comparative genome analysis provides insights of the virus functional genome evolution and the underlying mechanisms of virus–host interactions. The analysis of nucleotide composition signified the evolution of nodavirus towards host specialization in a host‐specific mutation manner. GC‐rich genome of betanodavirus was significantly deficient in UpA and UpU dinucleotides composition, whilst the AU‐rich genome of gammanodavirus was deficient in CpG dinucleotide. The capsid of MrNV and PvNV of gammanodavirus retains the highest abundance of adenine and uracil at the second codon position, respectively, which were found to be very distinctive from the other genera. ENC‐GC3 plot inferred the influence of natural selection and mutational pressure in shaping the evolution of MrNV RdRp and capsid, respectively. Furthermore, CAI/eCAI analysis predicts a comparable adaptability of MrNV in squid, Sepia officinalis than its natural host, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Thus, further study is warranted to investigate the capacity of MrNV replication in S. officinalis owing to its high codon adaptation index.
Rheological and microstructural characterization of royal jelly at different temperatures
Authors: Saricaoglu Furkan T. , Cinar Aycan , Demircan Huseyin , Oral Rasim A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, effect of temperature (4, 10, 25, and 35°C) on microstructural and rheological properties of royal jelly (RJ) was investigated. Our results indicated that pH and proximate composition of RJ was insignificantly affected by temperature, but °Brix values increased. Microstructural images showed that RJ particles were homogeneous at 10 and 25°C, but swelled at 35°C. RJ samples showed shear thinning behavior with yield stress. The increasing temperature caused the increase of yield stress due to swelling of particles. All samples were characterized as weak gel‐like behavior because
G′ > G″ at up to 100 rad/s. Three interval thixotropic test (3ITT) showed that RJ samples could partially recover after high shear deformation, but increasing temperature decreased recovery percentage of samples. This study revealed that the temperature of RJ should never exceed to 10°C to obtain better recovery during the processing.Practical applicationsApicultural products such as royal jelly (RJ) have become very important nutritional products in recent times due to bioactive properties and are increasingly attracted by consumers. Bioactive properties of RJ can highly be deteriorated by process temperature and storage conditions. RJ has creamy and milk‐like structure and contains high amounts of proteins and carbohydrates. Therefore, the rheological characterization of RJ can provide significant information about structure, freshness, end product quality for consumers, as well as process equipment design and energy consumption for manufacturers. The freshness of RJ is determined with the analysis of 10‐HDA, furosine, superoxide dismutase and 57 kDa proteins. This study revealed that the rheological characterization of RJ at different temperatures may be helpful to estimate freshness and process conditions easier than analytical methods.
Evaluating and comparing the morphological and histopathological changes induced by erbium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet laser and diamond bur on enamel, dentin and pulp tissue
Authors: Shamsudeen Shaik Mohamed , Thavarajah Rooban , Joshua Elizabeth , Rao Uma Devi K. , Kannan Ranganathan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimLasers are used for different types of dental treatments. Using the erbium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Er:YAG) laser to remove dental hard tissue is simple, advantageous and influences the type of cavity preparation, whether conventional or conservative in nature. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the morphological and histopathological changes in the enamel, dentin and pulp tissue of the teeth treated by Er:YAG laser and conventional burs.MethodsA conventional class I cavity was prepared in orthodontic patients by laser and bur. The teeth were extracted and analyzed for morphological changes using a scanning electron microscope, ground sections and histopathological changes under a light microscope.ResultsThe time with laser was longer than the conventional methods. The lased cavity showed irregular appearance with absence of smear layer which is suitable for the resin restoration. The ground section and the histopathological study showed no differences between the groups.ConclusionThe Er:YAG laser is effective in the removal of dental hard tissue without damaging the pulp when coupled with ideal energy output. It is widely used in different dental fields. It needs time to be accepted by dentist and patients and further studies are required to explore its advantages.
Evaluation of biologic implant success parameters in type 2 diabetic glycemic control patients versus healthy patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lagunov Victor L. , Sun Jing , George Roy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the present systematic literature review was to evaluate bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD), and marginal bone loss (MBL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) control patients.MethodsAn electronic literature search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect. The search included prospective human clinical studies that analyzed the success of dental implants in T2DM control patients. For inclusion, studies should have had a minimum of 1‐year follow up and should have assessed the following parameters: MBL, BOP and PD. Prior to meta‐analysis, all of the studies were assessed for quality, bias, and heterogeneity.ResultsRisk of bias analysis indicated that all studies were of moderate quality. After a full‐text evaluation, only seven studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta‐analysis, with a combined total of 443 patients and 530 dental implants. The meta‐analysis indicated a statistically significant difference between parameters of implants placed in the glycemic‐controlled group and healthy group in MBL (P < .001), BOP (P < .04), and PD (P < .001).ConclusionThe results of the present study indicated that, despite being glycemic controlled, patients with T2DM were associated with a higher risk of peri‐implant disease.
The masks of Lorenzo Tenchini: their anatomy and surgical/bioengineering clues
Authors: Barbaro Fulvio , Consolini Elia , Toscani Giulia , Zini Nicoletta , Dallatana Davide , Setti Pietro , Mosca Salvatore , Di Conza Giusy , Bassi Elena , Quarantini Enrico , Quarantini Marco , Raposio Edoardo , Gorreri Marina , Porro Alessandro , Toni Roberto 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn academic, anatomist, and Lombrosian psychiatrist active at the University of Parma in Italy at the end of the 19th century, Lorenzo Tenchini produced ceroplastic‐like masks that are unique in the anatomical Western context. These were prepared from 1885 to 1893 with the aim of ‘cataloguing’ the behaviour of prison inmates and psychiatric patients based on their facial surface anatomy. Due to the lack of any reference to the procedure used to prepare the masks, studies were undertaken by our group using X‐ray scans, infrared spectroscopy, bioptic sampling, and microscopy analysis of the mask constituents. Results showed that the masks were stratified structures including plaster, cotton gauze/human epidermis, and wax, leading to a fabrication procedure reminiscent of ‘additive layer manufacturing’. Differences in the depths of these layers were observed in relation to the facial contours, suggesting an attempt to reproduce, at least partially, the three‐dimensional features of the facial soft tissues. We conclude the Tenchini masks are the first historical antecedent of the experimental method for face reconstruction used in the early 2000s to test the feasibility of transferring a complete strip of face and scalp from a deceased donor to a living recipient, in preparation for a complete face transplant. In addition, the layering procedure adopted conceptually mimics that developed only in the late 20th century for computer‐aided rapid prototyping, and recently applied to bioengineering with biomaterials for a number of human structures including parts of the skull and face. Finally, the masks are a relevant example of mixed ceroplastic‐cutaneous preparations in the history of anatomical research for clinical purposes.
Combination of continuous wave CO2 laser and topical application of trichloroacetic acid 50% vs CO2 laser alone the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (A case series of 6 patients)
Authors: Iraji Fariba , Asilian Ali , Heidari Asieh , Shariat Sheila , Bokaie Jazi Safura , Siadat Amir Hossein 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease of Iran and despite self‐healing nature of this disease and many suggested treatments, scar is usually inevitable results of the affection with this cutaneous infection. CO2 laser in CL has a specific thermolysis effect on infected tissues and application of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 50% solution for treatment of leishmaniasis scars showed promising results.AimTo evaluate CO2 laser plus TCA 50% versus CO2 laser alone for treatment of CL.Patients/MethodsIn the current report, we present 6 cases of noduloulcerative CL that were treated successfully by the combination of the continuous wave CO2 laser plus topical application of TCA 50%.ResultsFive patients improved after 3 weeks of starting treatment, and 1 patient needed to repeat treatment. The scars were flat and good.ConclusionsThe CO2 laser plus topical TCA 50% may be more effective in treatment of the cutaneous leishmaniasis and results in shorter healing time.
Effects of different therapeutic modalities for postacne scars on circulating collagen III
Authors: Abdel‐Magiud Ensaf M. , Taha Emad A. , Bakr Radwa M. , Ismail Sahar A. , Sayed Sohair K. , Makboul Mohamed , Kamel‐ElSayed Suzan , Abdel Motaleb Amira A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTherapies for postacne scarring act through modulation of elastin and collagen, and collagen III might therefore represent a biomarker of treatment effectiveness.Patients and methodsPatients (n = 70) with postacne scars and individuals without scars (n = 56) were included in this case‐control study. Patients were treated with Dermaroller microneedling, trichloroacetic acid chemical reconstruction, punch excision, or scar subcision. Scar severity was graded immediately before and after treatment with a photographic quartile scale and the ECCA scale. Serum levels of collagen III were measured in control individuals and in patients, before treatment, 1 month after the first treatment session, and 4 months after the final session.ResultsCirculating levels of collagen III were significantly higher in patients with postacne scarring (24.1 ± 12.5) before treatment than in control individuals (2.6 ± 0.8). Circulating levels of collagen in patients were significantly lower 4 months posttreatment (14.3 ± 8.1) than at baseline. The mean percentage change in serum collagen III was positively correlated with both the mean percentage improvement by photographic evaluation (r = .530, P < .000) and the mean percentage change in the ECCA scale (r = .632, P < .000).ConclusionCirculating collagen III is a biomarker for improvement of postacne scarring following different therapies.
Measuring Innovation and Product Differentiation: Evidence from Mutual Funds
Authors: KOSTOVETSKY LEONARD , WARNER JEROLD B. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWe study innovation and product differentiation using a uniqueness measure based on textual analysis of prospectuses. We find that small and start‐up families have higher start rates than larger families, and their products are more unique. Unique strategies attract more inflows in the first three years, and investors respond more to text‐based uniqueness than other measures such as holdings or returns uniqueness. For established funds, word uniqueness has weak negative power for explaining returns, so investors in competitive equilibrium do not sacrifice much performance to get specialized products. Uniqueness attenuates the flow‐performance relation, reducing the risk of investor outflows.