bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparedness Dynamics of Pupils of Lyceum with Enhanced Military and Physical Training Under the Influence of the Wrestling Means Use
Authors: Balushka Lyudmyla , Khimenes Khrystyna , Okopnyy Andriy , Pityn Maryan , Sogor Oleh , Tkach Yulia 
Published: September 2020

Modern physical education in secondary schools is undergoing reform. It is increasingly suggested to introduce the means of different sports to optimize physical education in the educational process. In particular, it is advisable today to include combative sports to the programs of physical culture of military-physical institutions.
The purpose of the study: to substantiate the use of wrestling means in the physical education process of students of the Lyceum with enhanced military and physical training.
Material and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of studying the functional and physical fitness indicators of 10th grade pupils of the Lyceum with enhanced military and physical training during the pedagogical experiment. It consisted in studying the impact of multidirectional wrestling means on the level of these sides of student preparedness during the year.
Results. In pupils who during the year performed the loads according to the experimental physical culture program during the first semester, the total average increase relative to baseline was 10.7%. In addition, during the second – 5.7%. While members of a group that worked according to a traditional physical culture program in the first semester increased the results of the tests by 6.1% and by 2.0% during the second semester. In the physical fitness of EG students, the total increase of indicators for the first semester was 31.6% and 24.5% – during the second. In contrast, the changes in the studied CG were relatively less pronounced: 24.7% – for the first and 8.9% – for the second semester.
Conclusions. The effectiveness of the use of wrestling means in the physical education of pupils of the Lyceum with enhanced military and physical training is substantiated, which contributes to a significantly more pronounced increase in functional and physical fitness indicators of pupils compared to the traditional program of physical culture.
Pemilihan Region of Interest Secara Otomatis pada Citra Leukosit
Authors: Saputra Wahyu Andi 
Published: September 2020

Leukimia merupakan penyakit pada manusia yang terjadi karena tubuh memproduksi sel darah putih dalam jumlah yang tidak wajar. Dalam penelitian di bidang IT yang berkaitan dengan sel darah putih, umumnya data yang digunakan sebagai pengujian adalah citra sel darah putih yang diambil dengan bantuan mikroskop. Mula-mula, sel darah putih diletakkan pada preparat, diberi pewarnaan untuk mempertegas warna sel, lalu diambil gambar sel tersebut. Citra yang diambil umumnya masih merupakan citra berukuran besar yang jumlahnya lebih dari satu citra sel darah putih. Padahal umumnya, untuk melakukan ekstraksi fitur, diperlukan satu sel darah putih pada satu citra. Hal ini menjadi pekerjaan tersendiri pada sebuah penelitian.
Upaya untuk memilih area sel darah putih dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan pengolahan citra. Citra yang berukuran besar dan bisa terdiri dari berbagai sel darah putih akan dipilih areanya agar menjadi area yang lebih spesifik. Hal ini disebut dengan Region of Interest. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memilih Region of Interest pada sel darah putih secara otomatis dengan menggunakan teknik Blob Analysis yang memanfaatkan BoundingBox. Dengan bantuan citra ground-truth yang didapat dari pakar, area ini kemudian menjadi rujukan dalam menandai koordinat sel darah putih pada citra aslinya. Kemudian, kordinat tersebut diterapkan pada citra asli untuk dilakukan pemotongan agar menjadi citra yang lebih kecil dan memiliki satu sel darah putih.
Pengujian dilakukan pada 250 citra berbagai jenis sel darah putih. Dari pengujian, didapatkan hasil Region of Interest dari citra dengan tingkat ketelitian mencapai 99.95%. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memudahkan peneliti dalam mengembangkan peneltian lebih jauh pada citra sel darah putih.
NILAI KARAKTER DALAM UNGKAPAN HIKMAH BERSUMBERKAN WACANA BERITA
Authors: Wardani Lupita Sari Pitra , Al-Ma’ruf Ali Imron , Prayitno Harun Joko 
Published: September 2020

<p><em>The purpose of this study is to describe the value of character education in wisdom expressions sourced from news discourse. This research utilizes descriptive qualitative approach. The data of research are in the form of phrase, words, and sentense in news discourse that contain wisdom expressions. The data source is news discourse that contain character value in expressions of wisdom. Data collection techniques utilized are observation and note taking. The object of this study is the expressions of wisdom sourced from news discourse. The data analysis method utilizes the referential identity method and the constituent analysis method. Data analysis uses content analysis method. The result of this study indicate that are various value of character education in expressions of wisdom in news discourse, namely the value of religiosity, professionalism, national defense, creativity, peace loving, fighting spirit, love of environment, love of the motherland, harmony, and honesty. The conclusion of this research is that news discourse contain multidisciplinary wisdom expressions, which can be used in character education for the nation's successors.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong> <em>Character Value, Wisdom, Discourse.</em></strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan nilai pendidikan karakter pada ungkapan hikmah bersumberkan wacana berita. Penilitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data berupa kata, frasa, serta kalimat yang ada pada wacana berita yang mengandung nilai karakter dalam ungkapan hikmah. Sumber data adalah wacana berita yang mengandung nilai karakter dalam ungkapan hikmah. Simak dan catat merupakan teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah ungkapan hikmah yang bersumber dari wacana berita. Metode analisis data menggunakan padan referensial dan metode agih. Analisi data dengan menggunakan analisis isi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat berbagai nilai pendidikan karakter dalam ungkapan hikmah dalam wacana berita yakni nilai religiusitas, profesionalisme, bela negara, kreativitas, cinta damai, semangat juang, cinta lingkungan, cinta tanah air, kerukunan, kejujuran. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah wacana berita banyak mengandung ungkapan hikamah multidisipliner yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pendidikan karakter bagi insan penerus bangsa.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci: Nilai Karakter, Hikmah, Wacana.</strong><strong></strong></p>
Gender Differences in the Effect of Medical Humanities Program on Medical Students' Empathy: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lwow Michal , Canetti Laura , Muszkat Mordechai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: Previous studies have suggested that Medical students' empathy declines during medical school, especially during the clinical studies. The aim of this study was to examine. changes in medical students' empathy during their first clinical experience, and to determine the impact of gender and humanities curriculum on empathy changes. Methods: In this prospective longitudinal study, 262 4th year students from three consecutive classes were assessed. Empathy was assessed before and at 4th-year-end, using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Student Version (JSPE-S). The three classes differed in humanities curriculum [limited Medical Humanities (MH(lim)) vs. extended Medical Humanities (MH(ext))], and in admission system [Personal Interview (PI) vs. multiple mini interviews (MMI)]. Results: Overall, there was a small but significant decrease in JSPE-S during the fourth year (114.40±11.32 vs. 112.75±14.19, p= 0.034). Among men there was a statistically significant decline in JSPE-S during the fourth year, and the MH(ext) (but not the MH(lim)) was associated with the decline (t(35) = 2.38, p = 0.023). Women students showed no decline in empathy during the fourth-year of studies, regardless of type of humanities program. In addition, women who participated in MH(ext) had a higher JSPE-S scores during the 4th -year as compared to women who participated in MH(lim). Conclusion: Pre-clinical humanities program was associated with a decline in empathy among men medical students during the fourth-year of medical studies. Gender differences in response to medical humanities programs require further study.
Acute effect of green tea catechins on uric acid metabolism after alcohol ingestion in Japanese men
Authors: Kawakami Yuka , Yasuda Arisa , Hayashi Motoki , Akiyama Misuzu , Asai Toshihiko , Hosaka Toshio , Arai Hidekazu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: Alcohol consumption is associated with hyperuricemia and gout. Previous studies have indicated a role for green tea catechins in uric acid (UA) metabolism. This study aimed to elucidate the acute effect of green tea catechins in terms of enhancing urinary excretion of UA and xanthine/hypoxanthine (Xa/HX; UA precursors) after alcohol ingestion.Methods: In a randomized crossover study, ten healthy Japanese subjects consumed test meals, including a Japanese distilled spirit (Shōchū) with water (SW) or Shōchū with catechin-rich green tea (SC), each containing 20 g of alcohol. The SC contained 617 mg of catechin in total. Serum and urine UA and Xa/HX concentrations were measured. Blood samples were collected after 2.5 h, and urine samples were collected between 0 and 5 h after consuming the test meal.Results: Urine UA and Xa/HX excretions were significantly higher in the SC group than in the SW group. UA clearance and fractional UA excretion tended to increase more in the SC group than in the SW group. No significant differences in serum UA and Xa/HX concentrations were observed between two groups.Conclusions: It was concluded that green tea catechins can enhance the excretion of UA and Xa/HX, even though alcohol is ingested.
The development of Legal Framework on blood donation and blood safety of China in 24 years
Authors: Gao Dajun , Li Heng , Wang Kang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThis study analyzes the regulations and developments in blood donation from 1996 to 2019 in China, and demonstrate the government’s efforts in improving blood safety.ResultsSince the implementation of the Blood Donation Law in 1998, the number of blood donors in China increased by 275% from 1998 to 2018 (from 4 million to 15 million). The principle of no-fault liability was proposed and has been applied since 2010 to the tort liability related to blood transfusion malpractice. In 2015, mutual blood donation accounts for 4.2% of the national collection. However, in some provinces of China, the percentage of mutual blood donation increased from 9.3% to 35.6% in 2016. The NHC cancelled mutual blood donation in March 2018. Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) has become a routine test item for screening blood since 2015.ConclusionsThe Chinese government institutionalized the voluntary non-remunerated donation principle, enacted regulations for the management of blood transfusion, and adopted advanced blood testing technology to sustain blood supply and ensure blood safety. In spited of increased blood donation, blood shortage persists. Quality and safety of blood collection can be further improved through the cancellation of mutual blood donation and incentive measures for voluntary non-remunerated donation of blood, which needs facilitation by governmental legislation.
On the move: Exploring Inuit and non-Inuit health service providers’ perspectives about family participation in care in Nunavik, a qualitative study.
Authors: Fraser Sarah Louise , Moulin Louise , Gaulin Dominique , Thompson Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Literature on participation in health and social services suggests that youth, and more specifically Indigenous youth, are difficult to engage within health and social services. They are less likely to access services or to actively participate in decision-making regarding their personal care. Service providers play a crucial role in engaging youth based on the ways in which they seek, and maintain relationships with youthand their families. The way in which they do so will depend on various factors including their own perceptions of roles and relationships of the various people involved in the life of youth. This article analyzes Inuit and non-Inuit health and social service providers’ perspectives, experiences and expectations regarding the roles of a particular group of Indigenous youth, families and community in care settings in Nunavik, Quebec. Methods: A snowball sampling method was used to recruit participants. A total of 58 participants (39 non-Inuit and 19 were Inuit) were interviewed. All interviews focused on three broad areas: 1) participants’ current and past positions/roles; 2) participants’ perceptions of the clientele they work with; and 3) participants’ understanding of collaborations taking place within and between services (who works with whom) and community. Inductive applied thematic analyses were conducted on the entirety of relevant data and then verbatim of Inuit and non-Inuit were analyzed separately to explore similarities and differences in perceptions based on positionality. Results: We organized findings around three themes: I) The most commonly described interventions, II) different types of challenges to and within participation; and III) what successful participation can look like according to service providers. Participants speak of the challenges for families to go towards services as well as the challenges for services providers to go towards youth and families, including personal, organisational and historical factors. Conclusion: We adopt a critical lens to reflect on the key findings in order to tease out points of tension and paradoxes that might hinder the participation of youth and families and more specifically in a social context of decolonization and self-governance of services.
Addressing the challenges and relational aspects of index-linked HIV testing for children and adolescents: insights from the B-GAP study in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chikwari Chido Dziva , Bernays Sarah , Dringus Stefanie , Simms Victoria , Weiss Helen A , Sibanda Edwin , Kranzer Katharina , Ncube Gertrude , Chikodzore Rudo , Webb Karen , Chirimambowa Trevor , Sithole Kenny , Ndondo Nonhlanhla , Apollo Tsitsi , Mutseta Miriam , Ferrand Rashida A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Index-linked HIV testing, targeted at sexual contacts or children of individuals with HIV, may improve yield and efficiency. The B-GAP study evaluated index-linked testing approaches in health facility and community-based settings. This paper reports on a qualitative study to understand factors that affect uptake of index-linked HIV testing for children and adolescents. Methods We conducted four focus group discussions (FGDs) with caregivers who had their children tested through B-GAP and one FGD with providers who offered index-linked HIV testing to indexes. We aimed to understand enabling and inhibiting factors in the decision-making process. Translated and transcribed transcripts were read for familiarisation. Following initial coding, analytical memos were written to identify emerging key themes across the data. Results Our findings showed there was inadequate emphasis on paediatric HIV in routine care which had a negative impact on subsequent uptake of testing for children. Once the decision to test had been made, access to facilities was sometimes challenging, and alleviated by community-based testing. A key finding was that HIV testing is not a discrete event but a process that was influenced by relationships with other family members and children themselves. These relationships raised complex issues that could prevent or delay the testing process. Conclusion There is a need to improve messaging on the importance of HIV testing for children and adolescents and to provide support to caregivers and their families in order to improve testing uptake. Addressing access barriers through the provision of community-based testing and implementing a family centred approach can optimize index-linked testing.
A comparative study of dementia knowledge, attitudes and perception of care approach among Chinese nursing and medical students
Authors: Wang Yao , Xiao Lily Dongxia , Huang Rong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Dementia care requires inter-disciplinary collaboration starting from formal health professional education. Yet, little is known about how undergraduate medical and nursing students perceive dementia care in China. The aim of this study was to investigate undergraduate medical and nursing students’ knowledge, attitudes and care approach of dementia in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Students enrolled in a 5-year Bachelor of Medicine Program and a 4-year Bachelor of Nursing Program from four universities with campuses across Eastern, Western, Southern and Northern China were recruited into the study. Three validated instruments, Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (AKDS), Dementia Care Attitude Scale (DCAS) and Approach to Advanced Dementia Care Questionnaire (ADCQ), were used to measure students’ dementia knowledge, attitudes and perceived care approach. Data were collected using a self-administered survey. Results The number of medical and nursing students completing the survey was 526 and 467 respectively. The overall mean score of students’ dementia knowledge measured by the ADKS was 19.49 (SD=2.82) out of 30, students’ attitudes to dementia was 29.92(SD=3.35) out of 40, and students’ person-centred care approach of dementia was 5.42 (SD=2.20) out of 13. Students’ overall knowledge towards dementia was poor and the attitudes were generally positive. Medical students demonstrated higher dementia knowledge scores and showed less positive attitude scores than nursing students (p<0.05). Students would not apply a person-centered care approach. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean scores of ADCQ between nursing students and medical students. Conclusions Study results highlight the urgent need to implement an inter-disciplinary approach to increasing dementia education among Chinese medical and nursing students, and ensuring that students have adequate knowledge, attitudes and experience in the care of people with dementia.
Evaluation of OAR sparing and plan robustness of beam-specific PTV in lung cancer IMRT treatment
Authors: Chang Yu , Xiao Feng , Quan Hong , Yang Zhiyong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Margins are employed in radiotherapy treatment planning to mitigate the dosimetric effects of geometric uncertainties for the clinical target volume (CTV). Here, we proposed a margin concept that takes into consideration the beam direction, thereby generating a beam-specific planning target volume (BSPTV) on a beam entrance view. The total merged BSPTV was considered a target for optimization. We investigated the impact of this novel approach for lung intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment, and compared the treatment plans generated using BSPTV with general PTV. Methods and Materials: We generated the BSPTV by expanding the CTV perpendicularly to the incident beam direction using the 2D version of van Herk’s margin concept. The BSPTV and general PTV margin were analyzed using digital phantom simulation. Fifteen lung cancer patients were used in the planning study. First, all patient targets were performed with the CTV projection area analysis to select the suitable beam angles. Then, BSPTV was generated according to the selected beam angles. IMRT plans were optimized with the general PTV and BSPTV as the target volumes, respectively. The dosimetry metrics were calculated and evaluated between these two plans. The plan robustness of both plans for setup uncertainties was evaluated using worst-case analysis. Results: Both general PTV and BSPTV plans satisfied the CTV coverage. In addition, the BSPTV plans improved the sparing of high doses to target-surrounding lung tissues compared to the general PTV plans. Both Dmean of Ring PTV and Ring BSPTV were significantly lower in BSPTV plans (38.89Gy and 39.43Gy) compared to the general PTV plans (40.27Gy and 40.68Gy). The V20, V5, and mean lung dose of the affected lung were significant lower in BSPTV plans (16.20%, 28.75% and 8.93Gy) compared to general PTV plans (16.69%, 29.22% and 9.18Gy). In uncertainty scenarios, about 80% of target coverage was achieved for both general PTV and BSPTV plans. Conclusions: The results suggested that plan robustness can be guaranteed in both the BSPTV and general PTV plans. However, the BSPTV plan spared normal tissues, such as the lungs, significantly better compared to the general PTV plans.
The Serum Levels of Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinase MMP-9, MMP-2/TIMP-2 Complex and TIMP-1 do not Change Significantly During Normal Pregnancy.
Authors: Nissi Ritva , Santala Markku , Talvensaari-Mattila Anne 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important regulators of vascular and uterine remodeling. Normal pregnancy is associated with increased MMP activity. Measurements of the plasma levels on MMPs have not been consistent between studies in complicated pregnancies. We have examined MMP-9, MMP-2 and their respective tissue inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in different time points in the sera of 13 women with normal pregnancy. Results: The serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were stable throughout pregnancy. The level of MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex was slightly increased after week 15 without statistical significance. The serum levels of MMP-9, MMP-2/TIMP-2 and TIMP-1 on different time points during normal pregnancy are poorly studied and further measurements of the plasma levels of MMPs and the correlation with MMP levels in the placenta and other maternal tissues are needed.
Predictors of Smoking Preventive Behavior based on Empowerment Components among Male Students of High Schools,Iran
Authors: Didarloo Alireza , Rezapour Baratali , Sharafkhani Naser 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:Smoking among adolescents and young adults is one of the most important preventable health problems. The etiology of smoking is one of the most important activities in designing prevention programs.The aim of this study was to detemine effective components of empowerment on smoking preventive behavior(SPB) in high school students in Urmia.Methods:This descriptive-analytical study carried out on 422 high school students. The data collection tool of this study was a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic charectheristics, items related to various components of empowerment, and items related to the SPB. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods (frequency, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression) in SPSS software with version 22.Results:The results showed that 10.42% of students were active smokers and 40.75% of them had the experience of smoking. The results also showed that there exists a positive and significant between among problem solving skill (r=0.394, p<0.001), self-efficacy(r=0.340, p<0.001), self-esteem(r=0.310, p<0.001) and attitude(r=0.333, p<0.001) with the SPB. In addition, a negative and significant correlation was shown between group dependence(r=-0.313, p<0.001) with the SPB. Overall, the components of empowerment were able to explain 26.5% of the variance in SPB. Among components, problem solving skills solely explained 15.5% of variance of SPB.Conclusion: The present study suggests that the study results can be useful for researchers and health planners who want to design and implement appropriate health interventions to prevent and control smoking in students.