bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Network Analysis of Perioperative Communication Patterns
Authors: Stucky Christopher H. , De Jong Marla J. , Kabo Felichism W. , Kasper Christine E. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTTo foster teamwork, improve clinical excellence, and promote a culture of safety, perioperative leaders should have a clear understanding of the dynamics that affect clinician communication in the OR. We used social network analysis to characterize the typical OR clinician communication patterns at a military surgery center and determine how clinician relationships influenced individual behavior. We surveyed 50 surgical teams and used the data to develop six relational networks and a clinician communication effectiveness index. The study results showed that communication effectiveness increased in networks in which clinicians reported interacting frequently, having close working relationships, socializing, and seeking advice and providing advice to others. Increases in individual clinician centrality were associated with increased communication effectiveness. Participants rated anesthesia professionals as the most effective communicators, followed by perioperative nurses, surgeons, and surgical technologists. Perioperative leaders should consider surgical team familiarity as a potential option to optimize surgical care and improve communication effectiveness.
Ingestion of gelatinous candy, mimicking acute gastric bleeding
Authors: Galloo Xavier , Vander Kuylen Maarten , Tosi Maurizio , De Mey Johan , Raeymaeckers Steven 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA detailed medical history is vital in the correct interpretation of medical images: Peer‐to‐peer feedback and a thorough medical history can help avoid diagnostic pitfalls and unnecessary therapy.
Contrasting the seasonal and elevational prevalence of generalist avian haemosporidia in co‐occurring host species
Authors: Lynton‐Jenkins Joshua G. , Bründl Aisha C. , Cauchoix Maxime , Lejeune Léa A. , Sallé Louis , Thiney Alice C. , Russell Andrew F. , Chaine Alexis S. , Bonneaud Camille 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the ecology and evolution of parasites is contingent on identifying the selection pressures they face across their infection landscape. Such a task is made challenging by the fact that these pressures will likely vary across time and space, as a result of seasonal and geographical differences in host susceptibility or transmission opportunities. Avian haemosporidian blood parasites are capable of infecting multiple co‐occurring hosts within their ranges, yet whether their distribution across time and space varies similarly in their different host species remains unclear. Here, we applied a new PCR method to detect avian haemosporidia (genera Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Plasmodium) and to determine parasite prevalence in two closely related and co‐occurring host species, blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus, N = 529) and great tits (Parus major, N = 443). Our samples were collected between autumn and spring, along an elevational gradient in the French Pyrenees and over a three‐year period. Most parasites were found to infect both host species, and while these generalist parasites displayed similar elevational patterns of prevalence in the two host species, this was not always the case for seasonal prevalence patterns. For example, Leucocytozoon group A parasites showed inverse seasonal prevalence when comparing between the two host species, being highest in winter and spring in blue tits but higher in autumn in great tits. While Plasmodium relictum prevalence was overall lower in spring relative to winter or autumn in both species, spring prevalence was also lower in blue tits than in great tits. Together, these results reveal how generalist parasites can exhibit host‐specific epidemiology, which is likely to complicate predictions of host–parasite co‐evolution.
Clinical course after a first episode of heart failure: insights from the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Velagaleti Raghava S. , Larson Martin G. , Enserro Danielle , Song Rebecca J. , Vasan Ramachandran S. 
Published: May 2020

AimsWe sought to describe the frequency, type and timing of clinical events, and delineate patterns in their transitions, after a first episode of heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsIn 1036 Framingham participants with new‐onset HF (mean age 79 years; 53% women), we used mixture models to estimate probabilities of, and time to cardiac death, other cardiovascular disease (CVD) death, recurrent HF, cardiac events and other CVD events, accounting for age, sex, HF type (preserved vs. reduced ejection fraction), and prevalent cardiac/CVD events. The most common first events after new‐onset HF were cardiac (36%), recurrent HF (28%) and death (29%). Compared with recurrent HF (referent transition state), prevalent cardiac events were associated with higher odds of fatal [odds ratio (OR) 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–3.23] and non‐fatal (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.52–3.00) cardiac events; prevalent CVD increased odds of other CVD death (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.04–3.47). Among 715 participants without a fatal initial event, there were 3337 distinct epochs (inter‐event time periods), with median 3.0 epochs/participant [49% cardiac (n = 1639); 27% recurrent HF (n = 912)]. Median inter‐event times varied between 12 to 285 days (recurrent HF to other CVD death and non‐fatal other CVD, respectively). Prior HF, cardiac and other CVD events significantly increased odds of developing the same event‐type (OR ∼ 5‐7‐fold), with shortened time to recurrence, indicating ‘rapid cycling loops’ of the same event type. HF type did not impact the nature or timing of future events.ConclusionsComorbidities but not HF type impact clinical course of HF by influencing the type and timing of subsequent events, denoting ‘natural history loops’ within the overall HF population.
Hybrid datasets: Incorporating experimental data into Lattice‐Boltzmann simulations
Authors: Morrison Helen E. , Lintermann Andreas , Grundmann Sven 
Published: May 2020

SummaryA novel method, which combines both fluid‐mechanical experimental and numerical data from magnetic resonance velocimetry and Lattice‐Boltzmann (LB) simulations is presented. The LB method offers a unique and simple way of integrating the experimental data into the simulation by means of its equilibrium term. The simulation is guided by the experimental data, while at the same time potential outliers or noisy data are physically smoothed. In addition, the simulation allows to increase the resolution and to obtain further physical quantities, which are not measurable in the experiment. For a benchmark case, temporally averaged velocity data is included into the simulation. The proposed model creates a hybrid dataset, which satisfies the Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations, including the correctly deduced contribution from the Reynolds stress tensor.
Driving a motor vehicle and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: ILAE Report by the Task Force on Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures
Authors: Asadi‐Pooya Ali A. , Nicholson Timothy R. , Pick Susannah , Baslet Gaston , Benbadis Selim R. , Beghi Massimiliano , Brigo Francesco , Buchhalter Jeffrey , D'Alessio Luciana , Dworetzky Barbara , Gigineishvili David , Kanaan Richard A. , Kozlowska Kasia , LaFrance W. Curt , Lehn Alexander , Perez David L. , Popkirov Stoyan , Pretorius Chrisma , Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Tolchin Benjamin , Valente Kette , Stone Jon , Reuber Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Report: (a) summarizes the literature about “driving and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)”; (b) presents the views of international experts; and (c) proposes an approach to assessing the ability of persons with PNES (PwPNES) to drive.MethodsPhase 1: Systematic literature review. Phase 2: Collection of international expert opinion using SurveyMonkey®. Experts included the members of the ILAE PNES Task Force and individuals with relevant publications since 2000. Phase 3: Joint analysis of the findings and refinement of conclusions by all participants using email. As an ILAE Report, the resulting text was reviewed by the Psychiatry Commission, the ILAE Task Force on Driving Guidelines, and Executive Committee.ResultsEight studies identified by the systematic review process failed to provide a firm evidence base for PNES‐related driving regulations, but suggest that most health professionals think restrictions are appropriate. Twenty‐six experts responded to the survey. Most held the view that decisions about driving privileges should consider individual patient and PNES characteristics and take account of whether permits are sought for private or commercial driving. Most felt that those with active PNES should not be allowed to drive unless certain criteria were met and that PNES should be thought of as “active” if the last psychogenic seizure had occurred within 6 months.SignificanceRecommendations on whether PwPNES can drive should be made at the individual patient level. Until future research has determined the risk of accidents in PwPNES a proposed algorithm may guide decisions about driving advice.
Rapid local adaptation linked with phenotypic plasticity
Authors: Sun Syuan-Jyun , Catherall Andrew M. , Pascoal Sonia , Jarrett Benjamin J. M. , Miller Sara E. , Sheehan Michael J. , Kilner Rebecca M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractModels of “plasticity-first” evolution are attractive because they explain the rapid evolution of new complex adaptations. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether plasticity can facilitate rapid microevolutionary change between diverging populations. Here, we show how plasticity may have generated adaptive differences in fecundity between neighboring wild populations of burying beetles Nicrophorus vespilloides. These populations occupy distinct Cambridgeshire woodlands that are just 2.5 km apart and that probably originated from a common ancestral population about 1000-4000 years ago. We find that populations are divergently adapted to breed on differently sized carrion. Adaptive differences in clutch size and egg size are associated with divergence at loci connected with oogenesis. The populations differ specifically in the elevation of the reaction norm linking clutch size to carrion size (i.e., genetic accommodation), and in the likelihood that surplus offspring will be lost after hatching. We suggest that these two processes may have facilitated rapid local adaptation on a fine-grained spatial scale.
Lipids status and copper in a single astrocyte of the rat model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Correlative synchrotron‐based X‐ray and infrared imaging
Authors: Kreuzer Martin , Stamenković Stefan , Chen Si , Andjus Pavle , Dučić Tanja 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, causing death of motor neurons controlling voluntary muscles. The pathological mechanisms of the disease are only partially understood. The hSOD1‐G93A ALS rat model is characterized by an overexpression of human mutated SOD1, causing increased vulnerability by forming intracellular protein aggregates, inducing excitotoxicity, affecting oxidative balance and disturbing axonal transport. In this study we followed the bio‐macromolecular organic composition and compartmentalization together with trace metal distribution in situ in single astrocytes from the ALS rat model and compared them to the control astrocytes from nontransgenic littermates by simultaneous use of two synchrotron radiation‐based methods: Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR‐FTIR) and hard X‐ray fluorescence microscopy (XRF). We show that ALS cells contained more Cu, which colocalized with total lipids, increased carbonyl groups and oxidized lipids, thus implying direct involvement of Cu in oxidative stress of lipidic components without direct connection to protein aggregation in situ.
Modeling of phosphorus loss from field to watershed: A review
Authors: Wang Zhaozhi , Zhang Tiequan , Tan Chin S. , Qi Zhiming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhosphorus (P) losses from nonpoint sources into surface water resources through surface runoff and tile drainage play a significant role in eutrophication. Accordingly, the number of studies involving the modeling of agricultural P losses, the uncertainties of such models, and the best management practices (BMPs) supported by the modeling of hypothetical P loss reduction scenarios has increased significantly around the world. Many improvements have been made to these models: separate manure P pools, variable source areas allowing the determination of critical source areas of P loss, analyses of modeling uncertainties, and understanding of legacy P. However, several elements are still missing or have yet to be sufficiently addressed: the incorporation of preferential flow into models, the modification of P sorption–desorption processes considering recent research data (e.g., pedotransfer functions for labile, active, or stable P, along with P sorption coefficients), BMP parameterization, and scale‐up issues, as well as stakeholder–scientist and experimentalist–modeler interactions. The accuracy of P loss modeling can be improved by (a) incorporating dynamic P sorption–desorption processes and new P subroutines for direct P loss from manure, fertilizer, and dung, (b) modeling preferential flow, connectivity between field and adjacent water bodies, and P in‐stream processes, (c) including an assessment of model uncertainty, (d) integrating field and watershed models for BMP calibration and scaling field results up to larger areas, and (e) building a holistic interaction between stakeholders, experimentalists, and modelers.
High‐mobility group protein B1: A predictive biomarker for hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: Chen Quan , Zhang Yu , Yue Zhen‐Dong , Zhao Hong‐Wei , Wang Lei , Fan Zhen‐Hua , Liu Fu‐Quan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether portal level of high‐mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is associated with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).MethodsWe enrolled 127 consecutive patients who underwent TIPS and collected portal and peripheral blood samples in our department from December 2017 to May 2019. HMGB1 levels were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. HMGB1 and other HE related parameters were estimated by competing risk analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsPatients with HE after TIPS were older (P = .019) and had higher portal HMGB1 level (P = .038) than those without. Univariate competing risk analysis: age (sHR 1.025, P = .026), hepatorenal syndrome (sHR 3.149, P = .010), model for end‐of‐stage liver disease (MELD) score (sHR 1.055, P = .024), prior HE (sHR 4.029, P = .0005), portal HMGB1 before TIPS (sHR 1.177, P = .001) reached statistical significance. Multivariate analysis: age (sHR 1.025, P = .037), MELD score (sHR 1.062, P = .011), prior HE (sHR 2.492, P = .030) and portal HMGB1 level before TIPS (sHR 1.217, P = .0002) were significantly different. ROC analyses and Kaplan–Meier curve showed portal HMGB1 level changes before and after TIPS (ΔHMGB1) had good predictive value in the cut‐off 0.012 ng/mL (AUC = 0.748, P < .001, Sensitivity = 0.743, Specificity = 0.655).ConclusionsPortal HMGB1 may be a therapeutic target for post‐TIPS HE.
Metal organic frameworks enhanced dispersive solid phase microextraction of malathion before detection by UHPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Habila Mohamed , Alhenaki Bushra , El‐Marghany Adel , Sheikh Mohamed , Ghfar Ayman , ALOthman Zeid , Soylak Mustafa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMetal organic frameworks are considered as an efficient and promised adsorbent for separation of several ions and compounds from solutions due to its unique geometric structure. Herein, copper‐benzyl tricarboxylic acid based metal organic frameworks have showed a high efficiency in enrichment and microextraction of malathion from food and water samples. The microextraction procedures were followed by determination of malathion by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The optimum recoveries for malathion were obtained at pH 6, and with using 2 mL of ethyl acetate as the eluent. The microextraction procedures showed a detection limits and the quantification limits of 4.0 and 10.0 µg/L, respectively. The intra‐ and interday precision showed a relative standard deviation% less than 10. The feasibility of the proposed procedure was determined by evaluating the addition/recovery studies of malathion from the real samples. The absolute recovery% was ≥92%. Furthermore, some ions were tested as cointerfering ions, and the recovery% was 93‐100%. These results confirm that the developed microextraction procedure based on copper‐benzyl tricarboxylic acid based metal organic frameworks as extractor for dispersive solid phase microextraction is matrix‐independent, and can be applied for various real samples including different matrix or various malathion content.
A method to compute mixed‐mode stress intensity factors for nonplanar cracks in three dimensions
Authors: Grossman‐Ponemon Benjamin E. , Keer Leon M. , Lew Adrian J. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryMethods to compute the stress intensity factors along a three‐dimensional (3D) crack front often display a tenuous rate of convergence under mesh refinement or, worse, do not converge, particularly when applied on unstructured meshes. In this work, we propose an alternative formulation of the interaction integral functional and a method to compute stress intensity factors along the crack front which can be shown to converge. The novelty of our method is the decoupling of the two discretizations: the bulk mesh for the finite element solution and the mesh along the crack front for the numerical stress intensity factors, and hence we term it the multiple mesh interaction integral (MMII) method. Through analysis of the convergence of the functional and method, we find scalings of these two mesh sizes to guarantee convergence of the computed stress intensity factors in a variety of norms, including maximum pointwise error and total variation. We demonstrate the MMII on four examples: a semiinfinite straight crack with the asymptotic displacement fields, the same geometry with a nonuniform stress intensity factor along the crack front, a spherical cap crack in a cylinder under tension, and the elliptical crack under far‐field tension and shear.
Obesity and COVID‐19: An Italian Snapshot
Authors: Busetto Luca , Bettini Silvia , Fabris Roberto , Serra Roberto , Dal Pra Chiara , Maffei Pietro , Rossato Marco , Fioretto Paola , Vettor Roberto 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) run from asymptomatic disease to severe acute respiratory syndrome. Older age and comorbidities are associated to more severe disease. A role of obesity is suspected.MethodsPatients hospitalized in the medical COVID‐19 ward with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2–related pneumonia were enrolled. The primary outcome of the study was to assess the relationship between the severity of COVID‐19 and obesity classes according to BMI.ResultsA total of 92 patients (61.9% males; age 70.5 [13.3] years) were enrolled. Patients with overweight and obesity were younger than patients with normal weight (68.0 [12.6] and 67.0 [12.6] years vs. 76.1 [13.0] years, P < 0.01). A higher need for assisted ventilation beyond pure oxygen support (invasive mechanical ventilation or noninvasive ventilation) and a higher admission to intensive or semi‐intensive care units were observed in patients with overweight and obesity (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) even after adjusting for sex, age, and comorbidities (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively) or when patients with dementia or advanced cancer were removed from the analysis (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with overweight and obesity admitted in a medical ward for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2–related pneumonia, despite their younger age, required more frequently assisted ventilation and access to intensive or semi‐intensive care units than normal weight patients.
Superior Antibacterial Activity of Integral Lemon Pectin Extracted via Hydrodynamic Cavitation
Authors: Presentato Alessandro , Scurria Antonino , Albanese Lorenzo , Lino Claudia , Sciortino Marzia , Pagliaro Mario , Zabini Federica , Meneguzzo Francesco , Alduina Rosa , Nuzzo Domenico , Ciriminna Rosaria 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPectin extracted via hydrodynamic cavitation in water only from waste lemon peel and further isolated via freeze drying displays significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram positive pathogen which easily contaminates food. The antibacterial effect of the new IntegroPectin is largely superior to that of commercial citrus pectin, opening the way to advanced applications of a new bioproduct now obtainable in large amounts and at low cost from citrus juice industry's waste.
A case of mandibular peripheral osteoma on the inferior border of the mandible
Authors: Kamimura Ryouta , Fukumoto Chonji , Hasegawa Tomonori , Komiyama Yuske , Fujita Atsushi , Kawamata Hitoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReactive bone growth is often clinically difficult to distinguish from true tumors, and both types of lesion are frequently lumped together as “osteomas.” We carried out surgical resection of an osteoma on the inferior border of the mandible of a patient with no history of mechanical stimulus or trauma that showed autonomous growth over time on imaging assessments. We were therefore considered this lesion as a true tumor, and report this case with a discussion of the literature. It is important to resect lesions with a sufficient safety margin when the lesions were classified as “true osteomas” on the basis of appropriate diagnosis. If the lesion were finally diagnosed as tumors, careful follow‐up is required.
Rapid monitoring of health services utilization following a shift in coverage from brand name to biosimilar drugs in British Columbia—An interim report
Authors: Fisher Anat , Kim Jason D. , Dormuth Colin R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeWe explored changes in health services utilization associated with the Biosimilars Initiative introduced in British Columbia on May 27, 2019. To maintain drug coverage, the policy requires users of originator infliximab or etanercept to transition to biosimilar versions. We present a three‐month interim analysis of this initiative.MethodsWe conducted a rapid monitoring analysis to evaluate changes in health services utilization three months after the policy was introduced compared with a three‐year period before the policy's introduction. Using the administrative claims data of the British Columbia Ministry of Health, we assembled three historical cohorts and one policy cohort of users of each originator drug (8 cohorts in total). Cumulative incidences of medication refills, switching, and visits to physicians were the outcome measures used to compare policy and historical cohorts. Likelihood ratios were used to quantify statistical differences between each policy cohort and its respective historical controls. Likelihood ratios above 7.1 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe four infliximab cohorts included 436 patients on average, mean age 56 to 59, 53% to 55% females. The four etanercept cohorts included 1826 patients on average, mean age 57 to 58, 60% to 63% females. Three months after the policy's introduction, 21% of patients treated in the policy cohorts transitioned to the biosimilar versions. Health services utilization in the policy cohorts were consistent with the historical cohorts.ConclusionsAn increase in visits to physicians was expected but not detected in the first three months of the Biosimilars Initiative. The impacts of the policy will continue to be monitored.