bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of salt, sugar and water addition on consumer preferences of terasi
Authors: Wulandari F C , Sari H N A , Desrianty N A , Prihanto A A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Terasi is one of the fermented shrimp or fish products that undergo the process of mixing additional ingredients such as salt, sugar, and water, which then left in a few days in a closed state so that the fermentation process occurs. Terasi usually produced traditionally by spontaneous fermentation, i.e., fermented without the addition of bacterial culture. Terasi produced using Acetes sp. shrimp which was obtained from Tuban. A descriptive method was used. Consumer preferences were determined using a Hedonic test and the determination of the best treatment was analyzed using the De Garmo calculation method. The results showed that consumer-preferred terasi with the addition of 15% salt, 10% sugar, and 50% water. The characteristics of terasi produced included more compact texture and more savory taste.
Development of Tilapia cultivation strategy based local economy: case study in Wonogiri, Central Java.)
Authors: Wati L A , Harahab N , Riniwati H , Utami T N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Tilapia is one of the fish that can be cultivated on unproductive land. Tilapia is one of the fisheries commodities favoured by the people. This research intends to describe and analyse the strategies for tilapia cultivation development based local economy. Research methods used quantitative and qualitative descriptive approaches. The results of this research indicated that some of the steps taken by cultivators have so far been less than optimal, so that it greatly influences the local economy of the community. Some steps that need to be considered from the perspective of financial analysts and non-financial analysis. The economic analysis explains that if there is an increase in production costs is a significant effect on income. From a non-financial perspective, farmers need to optimum utilize government support for maintaining a product and service quality.
Evaluation of the Social Sustainability of Infrastructure Projects: A Case Study of Urban Road Improvement in Southern Chile
Authors: González D , Henríquez B , Sierra L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The concept of sustainability in civil works projects has been addressed mainly from economic and environmental perspectives. However, by definition, a holistic view must incorporate the social component. It is fundamental to understand the social interactions related to the life cycle of a civil work; otherwise harmonic coexistence is not promoted and risks a conflict between the community and the institutions responsible. Here, a case study is presented that analyses the contribution of an urban road improvement project to social sustainability in an area of a city with high traffic and renovation. The study is divided into two parts: first, the conceptual structure that relates the social criteria and the stakeholders involved in each stage of the life cycle of the project is established. Then, the indicators and thresholds are determined according to the implementation context. The methodology is based on semi-structured interviews with the stakeholders, a document review and surveys with the community. From this work, socially critical stakeholders and the dominant stages of the life cycle are identified. The construction of bicycle lanes and road safety stand out as important criteria that contribute to long-term social sustainability, while others such as citizen participation and identity and culture are opportunities for improvement in the early stages of development.
Optimization of Natural Lighting Design for Visual Comfort in Modular Classrooms: Temuco Case
Authors: Callejas L , Pereira L , Reyes A , Torres P , Piderit B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The emergency situations generated by the earthquakes in Chile have revealed the country’s lack of preparation to face these kinds of disasters. Many educational buildings were destroyed by these natural events. In response, a system of modular schools was implemented. Although these have been a temporary fast solution, they have not met the needs that a classroom demands.
This article focuses on studying daylighting strategies to achieve the visual comfort of students, as many investigations indicate that this is one of the key environmental factors in their wellbeing and performance. The article also focuses on achieving a correct distribution of horizontal illuminance by implementing design strategies, looking to achieve uniformity inside classrooms, avoiding annoying glare points. The implementation of these strategies fosters the use of daylight in order to reduce the energy consumption of artificial lights and generate optimal conditions for students to perform their school activities.
The studied classroom is a modular prototype located in Temuco, Chile, and the evaluated strategies were defined based on the “Guía de Eficiencia Energética para Establecimientos Educacionales (Energy Efficiency Guide for Educational Facilities or GEEEduc)”. These were evaluated independently in order to compare, starting from the results obtained from computer simulations, the compliance of the lighting comfort standards set out in said guide, focusing on the light uniformity and illuminance level indicators. The strategies with the best results were later evaluated in detail, ultimately reaching the case with the best performance.
The study proved there are several ways to respond to the presented need, allowing concluding from a set of evaluated strategies, which one of them better serves the required standards. Likewise, implementing strategies of the “GEEEduc” as well as its indicators, results in a practical application of this guideline, allowing the identification of potential errors and good options for future applications.
Promoting the Circular Economy of Concrete Through Innovation in Asphalt Pavements
Authors: Calabi-Floody A , Letelier V , Valdes G , Sanchez-Alonso E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The circular economy is seeking to maximize the use of resources and reduceing the consumption of raw materials as well as waste generation. In a circular economy, the producer takes responsibility, directly or indirectly, for the waste generated by the production process and for their products at the end of their life cycle. This concept is being integrated in most countries to achieve an environmental and economic balance. This paper presents a work in which this concept is used, where the waste generated in a concrete research project (waste aggregates) were drawn on asphalt mixtures. This project consisted of using the fine aggregates as a total or partial replacement of raw aggregates to manufacture asphalt mixtures. These fine aggregates are generated in the production process of high-quality recycled concrete aggregates. In this research, an IV-A 12 semi-dense gradation size and a CA-24 asphalt binder were used, where four different percentages of natural aggregate replacement were evaluated (0%, 25%, 75% and 100%). These asphalt mixtures were evaluated in their compliance of Chilean standards, as well as their performance in different properties such as cracking and water sensitivity. The results obtained show that the mixtures with total replacement of raw aggregates can be used, since they fulfill the Chilean standards. However, taking into account the water sensitivity results, the percentage of suitable replacement would be 50% for the same binder content. According to the cracking results, it is noted that increasing the replacement content of the aggregates in the mixture increases the fracture resistance compared to the conventional hot mix asphalt.
Evaluation of Waste Generation in a Housing Construction Work to Develop Improvements in its Final Disposal
Authors: Cabrera H , Figueroa J , Avila J , Méndez K , López C , López B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Construction is one of the productive sectors that generates the greatest environmental impact, on the one hand, there are high demands for raw materials and energy required for production, and on the other hand the large amount of solid waste is generated. In Chile, construction waste management is becoming a problem mainly due to the lack of planning for proper final waste management, wasting potentially reusable, recyclable or recoverable material. Knowing how to manage construction and demolition waste contributes to improving quality and production in construction work as well as maintain a responsible attitude towards the environment. This research study seeks to evaluate waste generation in a residential building work, to deliver proposals for improvements in the final disposal of these, through the creation of a methodology to quantify the waste production. In conclusion, submitting proposals for improvements for the implementation of a waste management system helps to achieve an activity within the construction sector, whose main objective is to contribute to a more sustainable construction through an adequate final disposal of waste generated in the construction process.
Impact of the Secondary Steel Circular Economy Model on Resource Use and the Environmental Impact of Steel Production in Chile
Authors: López C , Peña C , Muñoz E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The circular economy is a closed loop minimizing materials, energy and environmental deterioration without restricting economic growth or social and technical progress. Steel is considered an emblematic case of the circular economy given its high capacity for recycling and reutilization, in addition to its reparability, extending its useful life. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of secondary steel production on resource extraction and the environmental impact on steel production in Chile, as a circular economy model. The assessment was carried out through Material Flow Analysis (MFA) and Life Cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies. The MFA considered national steel supply for 2015 from the EW-MFA framework, while the LCA was done using primary data from the secondary steel industry in Chile for the same period. Primary steel flows in Chile enter the system through imports (62%), followed by domestic production of steel rods and profiles (27%). Residual steel flow for 2015 was established at 1 Mt, which would allow secondary steel production to grow up to 78%. This would allow for domestic extraction used (DEU) to be reduced and for efficiency in the production of steel rods and profiles to be improved. In parallel, issues such as abiotic depletion, eutrophication, acidification and climate change demonstrate decreases of 59%, 50%, 46% y 45% respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that increased secondary steel production in Chile generates environmental benefits, raises efficiency and reduces domestic resource demand, significantly improving environmental performance in the industry.
Composting with Industrial and Domiciliary Ashes in Temuco, Chile
Authors: Curaqueo G , Riquelme P , Carmona E , Pérez-San Martín A , González A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chilean urban areas generate around 3.12 Mton year−1 of organic residues. Besides, power plants near to these urban areas produce mainly about 0.42 Mton year−1 associated to ashes. Both residues contribute to the introduction of pollutants in a liquid and solid phase into the natural environment. This study proposes the composting process of organic/inorganic domiciliary residues and industrial ashes which involves minimizing the volume of residues to be disposed, incorporating the circular economy concept. Composting is a biological decomposition process of organic waste by bacteria, fungi, worms and other organisms under controlled aerobic conditions and its use is considering a good strategy for his simplicity, low cost, and environment-friendly process. Their final product is considered a natural alternative to chemical fertilizers for use in agriculture, gardening and plant nurseries. In this context, the main goal of this research was to study the incorporation of industrial and domiciliary ashes to domiciliary organic residues. The experimental procedure consisted of bioreactors of 22.5 L with the addition of mass fractions of 0, 5 and 10% of ashes. During the experiment, pH, temperature, humidity, and weight were controlled. After composting, the physic-chemical parameters and maturity degree (NCh2880) of the final product were evaluated. The results showed that all reactors loss weight between 30.0% and 70.4%, which agrees with data reported in the scientific literature. The reactors reached a temperature higher than 55 °C evidencing the thermophile phase. During composting, values of pH oscillated between 5 and 7. However, humidity values showed high variability, increasing with the higher dose of ashes assayed. Compost with the addition of domiciliary ashes could not meet physic-chemical parameters fixed in NCh2880. Only the treatment which a 5% of industrial ashes was added to the composting process evidenced acceptable physic-chemical parameters and maturity degree, corresponding to a class B compost.
Detection of Anomalous Pollution Sensors Using Deep Learning Strategies
Authors: Peralta B M , Soria R , Berres S , Caro L , Mellado A , Schiappacasse N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the pollution problem has gained great importance due to its socioeconomic implications for people regarding health or logistic issues. The pollution level classically is measured with specialized expensive detectors located in some few locations. In the case of Temuco city there are three such centralized pollution monitoring stations. An alternative approach for measuring the pollution level of cities makes use of inexpensive pollution sensors located on public transportation vehicles. Nonetheless, a drawback of this approach is that these inexpensive sensors can be sensitive to noise, vehicle movement, human intervention or technical failures. Therefore, it is relevant to be able to automatically detect inaccurate or failing sensors as they are multiple and cannot be submitted frequently to a technical revision. In this work, we propose a method to automatically detect these anomalous sensors by an unsupervised deep learning approach using autoencoders. This work is part of an ongoing project where massive data are not still available. In this context, the simulated output of mobile pollution sensors is generated by a time series model that systematically inserts outlier measurements. Our results indicate that the proposed detection method is able to reliably reproduce the data generated and to detect the simulated outliers with an accuracy of over 95%.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 3 Jul 2020 to correct an author name.
Urban Rules and Morphology Analysis as Support to Solar Performance in Passo Fundo/RS, Brazil
Authors: Moscarelli F , Tibério Cardoso G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The expansion and densification of cities should be planned to ensure minimum health conditions for buildings. In this sense, this study is interested in the right to solar access for buildings using the analysis of solar envelope to propose urban forms that guarantee this right. The study is in the exploratory phase, and it is applied to the city of Passo Fundo, Brazil. The study started from an analysis of the pre-existing morphological structure, and the solar envelope was generated using the Ladybug tool plugins for Grasshopper and Diva applications in Rhinoceros software. The results showed that the pre-existing urban form has low solar performance, evidencing the need to review construction rules according to the pattern and positioning of lots. Thus, it is expected to be counterbalanced by the revision of urban rules, proposing subsidies for the reformulation and adequacy, or creation of new legislation.
Rainwater harvesting system using alternative energy sources in climate change scenarios in the State of Parana – Brazil
Authors: Tsuneto L , Virgens Filho J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of the research was to evaluate a rainwater harvesting system for a single-family residence considering the current climate scenario and simulate it in different scenarios of possible climate changes projected towards the end of the century according to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report to see if it will be influenced. The system was simulated for eight localities of the State of Parana, south of Brazil and for the climate scenarios simulations was used the PGECLIMA_R software. The system was composed by a reservoir dimensioned by the Azevedo Neto method mentioned in the Brazilian Rainwater Regulation (NBR 15527), and a water tank. It also had a hydraulic pump that was powered by photovoltaic solar energy. A series of 31 years of daily precipitation and solar radiation data was used to perform the calculation of the reservoir and solar photovoltaic system respectively. All localities showed the need of increase in the size of the reservoir until the end of the century to supply the non-potable water demand of the residence. This was evidenced by the rise of annual simulated rainfall regime. About the photovoltaic energy system, all localities showed that there is no need to change the number of panels to supply the energy demand from the hydraulic pump until the year of 2100.
Sustainable Building Certification in Chile
Authors: Goijberg N , Madrid H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Members of the Chilean Chamber of Construction CChC, participated in the conferences called “Green Building Challenge, GBC” 1998-2001, and then 2001 in the foundation of the “International Initiative for a Sustainable Built Environment – iiSBE” to create a common methodology to assess the environmental performance of buildings GBTool/SBTool. CChC representatives participated in the Board of iiSBE and its International Framework Committee IFC with members from many countries that held meetings every 6 months 1999-2008 in several countries including Chile 2001 with the first local seminar on sustainable building. The Chilean GBC Team participated in world and regional iiSBE Conferences in Canada 1998, Netherlands 2000, Norway 2002 and Japan 2005, with buildings in Chile assessed with the GB/SBTool and conferences in Brazil 2004, Finland 2010, Brazil 2016 and Hong Kong 2017. The CChC signed in 2001 an “Agreement of Collaboration” with the Ministries of Public Works MOP and Housing and Urban Development MINVU, with the objective to develop sustainable buildings. In January 2008 the Instituto de la Construcción (Construction Institute) created a Committee of Certification of the Environmental Quality of Buildings, initially formed by 7 and later by 20 institutions; the activities were to review national and international methodologies of certifications and comparing their requirements; review 165 variables possible to assess and its weightings, considering local variables for our climate zones of the country, classification of buildings for public use in Chile, its sizes and characteristics. And finally the segment of buildings to be initially certified. In June 2014, by and agreement between CChC, MOP, Chilean Institute of Architects and Building Institute, it was created the national system Certificación Edificio Sustentable, CES (Sustainable Building Certification) for buildings of public use (everything but housing); the Ministry of Energy and MINVU joined later the board of CES. To date, 30 buildings have been certified, 81 have been pre-certified, and 153 buildings are in process.
Energy Management Through Optimal Logistics Planning. Case Study of a Power Electrical Distribution Company in Southern Chile
Authors: Lagos D , Mancilla R , Leal P , Fox F 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClimate change is a real fact. The increase in temperatures, the change in rain cycles, the generation of more extreme seasons and natural disasters at a global and local level, are examples of its effects. In the electricity environment, the interruption of supply caused by extreme weather events is increasingly frequent; while electricity distribution companies in Chile are required by law to maintain the electric service constantly, guaranteeing the service quality and the quality of life of their customers. The adequate fulfillment of this legal mandate, require attend opportunely the client’s energy supply, before any eventuality. Consequently, electric companies must assign repair units to guarantee this objective. However, this process involves the assignment and displacement of these units in vehicles. This allocation, without efficient planning, involve an excessive consumption of resources such as fuel and other inputs that affect the environment. This leads to having to review the logistics processes and establish mechanisms to promote sustainable development, looking for tools that provide data to support and improve the evaluation process of alternatives for friendly building and architectural structures, which help to improve the environment and mitigate visual pollution, as well as the use of less polluting alternative energies (wind or solar energy, for example) that allow the direct supply of electrical energy. Therefore, this study seeks to present mechanisms to determine an optimal allocation of repair units to minimize the amount of contamination in the operational process and, in turn, establish a reference value, which can be used as a complementary element in the evaluation of the use of new non-polluting electrical technologies.
The Delimitation of Green Areas in Urban Spaces Based on Ecological Principles: The case of Praia do Forte, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Achermann J , Gomes L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The relationship between humankind and nature occurs in every inhabited place of the planet since the beginning of human history. Current societies tend to deny nature, which is gradually replaced by an artificial landscape created by man. In urban areas this transition from natural to artificial creates impacts on the environment and its ability to recompose its cycles and natural elements. Particularly in countries such as Brazil, which have experienced rapid urban growth in a short period of time and lacks integration between urban development policies and environmental preservation policies. Therefore, this paper aims to propose criteria for the delimitation of green areas based on ecological principal of limit and adapted to the reality of Brazil, contributing to the maintenance of biodiversity and environmental services of ecosystems in urban spaces. To demonstrate its practical effects, the proposed green area delimitation criteria were applied to Praia do Forte, an urban area located in the northeast of Brazil, in the municipality of Mata de São João, in state of Bahia. This locality it was a former fishing village that gradually became one of the main tourist real estate complexes of the state Bahia. During its expansion process Praia do Forte lost significant amounts of green areas, although its image is closely linked to nature preservation. As result it was found that Praia do Forte should increase the amount of preserved green areas by 227 hectares for having a ecosystem of high biological value. The priority should be to create new green areas between the two main conservation units of the site - the Sapiranga reserve and the Klaus Peters park.