bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothermia in a Japanese subtropical climate: Retrospective validation study of severity score and mortality prediction
Authors: Ishimaru Naoto , Kinami Saori , Shimokawa Toshio , Seto Hiroyuki , Kanzawa Yohei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to clarify the accuracy of an in‐hospital mortality prediction score for patients with hypothermia. The score consists of five variables (age ≥70 years, mean arterial pressure <90 mm Hg, pH < 7.35, creatinine >1.5 mg/dL, and confusion). In contrast to the previously reported population in southern Israel, a desert climate, we apply the score system to a Japanese humid subtropical climate.MethodsThe study included patients with a principal diagnosis of hypothermia who were admitted to our community hospital between January 2008 and January 2019. Using the medical records from initial visits, we retrospectively calculated in‐hospital mortality prediction scores along with sensitivity and specificity.ResultsWe recruited 69 patients, 67 of which had analyzable data. Among them, the in‐hospital mortality rate was 25.4%. Hypothermia was defined as mild (32‐35°C) in 34 cases (50.7%), moderate (28‐32°C) in 23 cases (34.3%), and severe (<28°C) in 10 cases (14.9%). The C‐statistics of the in‐hospital mortality prediction score was 0.703 (95% confidence interval, 0.55‐0.84) for thirty‐day survival prediction. After adjustment of the cutoff point of each item with ROC analysis and selection of the variants, the C‐statistics of the in‐hospital mortality prediction score rose to 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.69‐0.92).ConclusionThe in‐hospital mortality prediction scores showed slightly less predictive value than those in the previous report. With some modification, however, the score system could still be applied efficiently in the humid Japanese subtropical climate. An appropriate management strategy could be established based on the predicted mortality risk.
Safety and efficacy of uninterrupted treatment with edoxaban or warfarin during the peri‐procedural period of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Naito Kazuya , Nakano Masataka , Iwasa Atsushi , Maeno Yoshio , Shintani Yoshiaki , Yamakawa Takeshi , Miyashita Kotaro , Oyama Keishiro , Nakai Daisuke , Katagiri Masaya , Kido Hideaki , Masuda Shinichiro , Kohashi Keiichi , Kawamata Tetsuya , Tanimoto Shuzou , Masuda Naoki , Ogata Nobuhiko , Isshiki Takaaki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe real‐world safety and efficacy of uninterrupted anticoagulation treatment with edoxaban (EDX) or warfarin (WFR) during the peri‐procedural period of catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) are yet to be investigated.MethodsWe conducted a two‐center experience, observational study to retrospectively investigate consecutive patients who underwent CA for AF and received EDX or WFR. We examined the incidence of thromboembolic and bleeding complications during the peri‐procedural period.ResultsThe EDX and WFR groups included 153 and 103 patients, respectively (total: 256 patients). Demise or thromboembolic events did not occur in either of the groups. The incidence of major bleeding in the EDX and WFR groups was 0.7% and 2.9%, respectively. The total incidence of major/minor bleeding in the EDX and WFR groups was 7.8% and 8.7%, respectively. Of note, the incidence of bleeding complications in the uninterrupted WFR strategy group was markedly high in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 (75%) or a HAS‐BLED score ≥3 (60%). Patients with eGFR ≥30 and a HAS‐BLED score ≤2 had a lower incidence of bleeding (<10%), regardless of the administered anticoagulation drug (EDX or WFR).ConclusionsThis study confirmed the safety and efficacy of uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy using EDX or WFR in real‐world patients undergoing CA for AF. Patients with severely impaired renal function and/or a higher bleeding risk during uninterrupted therapy with WFR were at a prominent risk of bleeding. Therefore, particular attention should be paid in the treatment of these patients.
Analysis and comparison of seed protein, oil, and sugars in edamame dried using two oven‐drying methods and mature soybeans
Authors: Jiang Guo‐Liang , Katuuramu Dennis N , Xu Yixiang , Ren Shuxin , Rutto Laban K 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDEdamame, a vegetable soybean (Glycine max) grown mainly in Asia, has high nutritional and market value and is a relatively new crop to North America. By 2 years of field trials, we evaluated the seed composition traits in 54 genotypes to analyze the differences and relationship between edamame seeds dried by two oven‐drying methods and mature soybeans.RESULTSThe genotypic differences were significant for all the traits investigated. Significant differences also existed between the two sets of dried edamame and mature seeds. Protein content in mature soybean averaged 426.8 g kg−1, and 432.8 g kg−1 and 405.6 g kg−1 for shelled‐dried and unshelled‐dried edamame respectively. Oil content in shelled‐dried and unshelled‐dried edamame averaged 206.3 g kg−1 and 212.6 g kg−1 respectively, and 195.8 g kg−1 for mature soybean. Sucrose content in mature soybean (60.2 g kg−1) was approximately 1.5 and 3 times that of unshelled‐dried and shelled‐dried edamame respectively. Mature soybean also exhibited the highest concentrations of stachyose and total sugars, followed by unshelled‐dried and shelled‐dried edamame. The broad‐sense heritability estimates of traits in mature soybean (49.41–89.16%) were higher than those of edamame (10.26–78.96%). Higher broad‐sense heritability was uncovered for protein and oil, but lower estimates for sugars, fiber, and ash. Positive correlations were detected between the two sets of edamame seeds and mature soybean for protein and oil (r = 0.63–0.88).CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that indirect selection through mature seeds is helpful for the improvement of protein and oil in edamame, whereas the improvement of seed sugars in edamame is more challenging. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Processing of coconut sap into sugar syrup using rotary evaporation, microwave, and open‐heat evaporation techniques
Authors: Asghar Muhammad T , Yusof Yus A , Mokhtar Mohd N , Yaacob Mohammad E , Ghazali Hasanah M , Varith Jaturapatr , Chang Lee S , Manaf Yanty N 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCoconut sugar has a caramel color with a taste like brown sugar. It is commonly used as natural sweetener. However, coconut sugar has been produced from coconut sap using a traditional method that involves heating the sap at high temperature (>100 °C) in an open pan for a long period (3–5 h). This conventional method results in an over‐cooked sugar, which leads to quality deterioration in terms of both its physical and chemical properties. The current study aimed to investigate the processing of coconut sap into sugar syrup using alternative processing techniques such as rotary vacuum evaporation (RE) and microwave evaporation (ME), comparing them with open‐heat evaporation (OHE) technique.RESULTSCoconut sugar syrup produced by rotary evaporation at 60 °C and 250 mbar vacuum (RE‐60) required the shortest production time (12.2 min) and the lowest processing temperature (54.8 °C) when compared with ME (13 min and 103.2 °C) and OHE (46.8 min and 101.6 °C). It also had a light brownish color with a higher L* value (35.17) than the ME (29.84) and OHE (23.84) methods. It was found to contain higher amounts of monosaccharides (fructose and glucose) and lower amounts of disaccharides (sucrose). Furthermore, the amount of energy required for RE‐60 (0.35 kWh) was much less than for OHE (0.83 kWh).CONCLUSIONThis study provided an alternative processing method for the sugar processing industry to produce coconut sugar using the rotary evaporation method at 60 °C under 250 mbar vacuum with better physicochemical qualities, shorter processing time, and minimum input energy. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of the Composition of LDPE/LLDPE Blends via 13C NMR
Authors: Monwar Masud , Yu Youlu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPolyethylene film properties can be manipulated by blending linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) with low density polyethylene (LDPE) resin. The accurate determination of LDPE content in those blends, however, is challenging. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis has been traditionally used to determine the LDPE content, but the result can have significant error due to several limitations. Due to co‐crystallization, significant error can also result using temperature rising elution fractionation technique. In principle, the LDPE content would be determined by 13C NMR analysis if the short‐chain branch (SCB) content of the LDPE could be determined accurately. But unambiguous assignment of all peaks in the 13C NMR spectrum of a LDPE is difficult, if possible. Consequently, the SCB content of LDPE cannot be determined accurately. Therefore, a new approach is required to analyze the LDPE/LLDPE blend composition by 13C NMR on a routine basis. In this paper, a robust 13C NMR method to determine the LDPE content in LDPE/LLDPE blends is presented. By identifying unique LDPE peaks in the 13C NMR spectrum of a LDPE/LLDPE blend compared to that of LLDPE, the blend composition can be determined. The accuracy and precision of this method will also be discussed.
A Short‐Chain Branching Distribution Determination Technique for Polyethylene Using IR5‐Detected GPC
Authors: Yu Youlu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a robust short‐chain branching (SCB) determination technique recently developed using IR5‐detected GPC (GPC‐IR5) for polyethylene resins is reported, wherein the IR5 detector is an infrared detector equipped with five filters set at different frequency ranges and a mercury‐cadmium‐telluride detector with thermoelectric cooling capability. Both intensity ratios of methyl/methylene and methyl/all C─H groups have very good linear relationship with the SCB content. Based on these relationships, an excel spreadsheet method is developed to deduce the SCB distribution across the molecular weight distribution using in‐house developed algorithms. The uncertainty of SCB determination using the GPC‐IR5 technique is found to be chromatographic signal‐to‐noise ratio dependent and can be explicitly expressed and calculated slice by slice. The SCB uncertainty is also found to be a function of experimental conditions and environment, which can affect not only the signals but also the noise levels at different IR bands. At a given polymer concentration, the higher the SCB content, the smaller the relative error bars. The SCB detection limit of this GPC‐IR5 technique is found to be at ≈0.5–1.0 SCB per 1000 TC for all samples tested. Some practical aspects for application of this technique are also discussed in this paper.
Development of an Integrated On‐Line 2D Analytical TREF‐High Throughput SEC Technique for Polyolefins Characterization
Authors: Yu Youlu , Hildebrand Melvin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractComplete polymer compositional information of polyolefins is critically valuable in understanding the polymer structure‐processing‐property relationship, thus helping tailor‐design polymers with desired end‐use properties. In this paper, a robust on‐line 2D analytical TREF combined with high‐throughput SEC technique (2D aTREF‐hSEC) is described that can rapidly determine the bivariate distribution of chemical composition and molecular weight of polyethylene resins. Unlike Nakano and Goto's pioneering cross fractionation apparatus and the commercial CFC instrument, this 2D aTREF‐hSEC system has the following unique characteristics: First of all, the GPC injection volume is not limited by the dead volume of the full TREF column. It can be set at any desired values to ensure optimized separation in SEC. Second, the flow rates for the TREF and SEC unit are independently controlled, which add operational flexibility and help optimize the separation efficiency in both the TREF and the SEC dimension. Third, the 2D aTREF‐hSEC system runs continuously instead of stepwise. Once started, the TREF column elutes continuously without stopping to wait for the completion of downstream SEC elution before the next SEC injection, increasing the resolution in TREF dimension. Fourth, experimental time is significantly reduced thanks to the employment of high throughput SEC column. And finally, this 2D aTREF‐hSEC technique in principle can be applied equally well to characterize other semi‐crystalline polymers and potentially any polymers whose solubility is a function of temperature.
New phase noise X‐band VCO using perturbed dual‐mode SIW filter
Authors: Tran Binh‐Duong , Duong Tuan‐Viet , Duc‐Tan Tran , Tran Thi‐Tram , Vu Tuan‐Anh , Vu Chi‐Thanh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis letter discusses a complete implementation of high performance voltage‐controlled oscillators using enhanced group delay SIW filters. Through precisely adjusting the perturbing via‐hole position inside dual mode circular cavity resonator, phase noise of the oscillator can be minimized. The planar SIW X‐band voltage‐controlled oscillation prototypes were additionally analyzed, fabricated, and measured. Experimental results achieve the best phase noise reaching to −134.31 dBc/Hz@1 MHz. The advantages of this voltage‐controlled oscillator are simple design processes, planar compact structure, and improved figure of merit. A set of parameters that evaluate the performance of the proposed oscillator are used, and then compared with the existing ones.
AANEM ‐ IFCN Glossary of Terms in Neuromuscular Electrodiagnostic Medicine and Ultrasound
Authors: Dengler Reinhard , de Carvalho Mamede , Shahrizaila Nortina , Nodera Hiroyuki , Vucic Steve , Grimm Alexander , Padua Luca , Schreiber Stefanie , Kneiser Mary K. , Hobson‐Webb Lisa D. , Boon Andrea J. , Smith Benn E. , Litchy William J. , Li Yuebing , Lenihan Michael , Thompson V. Brandon , Stalberg Erik , Sanders Donald B. , Kincaid John C 
Published: April 2020

AbstractModern neuromuscular electrodiagnosis (EDX) and neuromuscular ultrasound (NMUS) require a universal language for effective communication in clinical practice and research and, in particular, for teaching young colleagues. Therefore, the AANEM and the IFCN have decided to publish a joint glossary as they feel the need for an updated terminology to support educational activities in neuromuscular EDX and NMUS in all parts of the world. In addition NMUS has been rapidly progressing over the last years and is now widely used in the diagnosis of disorders of nerve and muscle in conjunction with EDX. This glossary has been developed by experts in the field of neuromuscular EDX and NMUS on behalf of the AANEM and the IFCN and has been agreed upon by electronic communication between January and November 2019. It is based on the glossaries of the AANEM from 2015 and of the IFCN from 1999. The EDX and NMUS terms and the explanatory illustrations have been updated and supplemented where necessary. The result is a comprehensive glossary of terms covering all fields of neuromuscular EDX and NMUS. It serves as a standard reference for clinical practice, education and research worldwide.Highlights
Optimal terminology in neuromuscular electrodiagnosis and ultrasound has been revisited.
A team of international experts have revised and expanded a standardized glossary.
This list of terms serves as standard reference for clinical practice, education and research.
The Role of Adipocytes and Adipocyte‐Like Cells in the Severity of COVID‐19 Infections
Authors: Kruglikov Ilja L. , Scherer Philipp E. 
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), demonstrates high morbidity and mortality caused by development of a severe acute respiratory syndrome connected with extensive pulmonary fibrosis. In this Perspective, we argue that adipocytes and adipocyte‐like cells, such as pulmonary lipofibroblasts, may play an important role in the pathogenic response to SARS‐CoV‐2. Expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (the functional receptor for SARS‐CoV) is upregulated in adipocytes of patients with obesity and diabetes, which turns adipose tissue into a potential target and viral reservoir. This may explain why obesity and diabetes are potential comorbidities for COVID‐19 infections. Similar to the recently established adipocyte‐myofibroblast transition, pulmonary lipofibroblasts located in the alveolar interstitium and closely related to classical adipocytes demonstrate the ability to transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts that play an integral part of pulmonary fibrosis. This may significantly increase the severity of the local response to SARS‐CoV‐2 in the lung. To reduce the severity and mortality associated with COVID‐19, we propose to probe for the clinical response to thiazolidinediones, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ agonists that are well‐known antidiabetic drugs. Thiazolidinediones are able to stabilize lipofibroblasts in their “inactive” state, preventing the transition to myofibroblasts and thereby reducing the development of pulmonary fibrosis and stimulating its resolution.
Field analyses of lavender volatile organic compounds: performance evaluation of a portable gas chromatography–mass spectrometry device
Authors: Stierlin Émilie , Michel Thomas , Fernandez Xavier 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn situ analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants is an important challenge in chemical ecology. The traditional approach usually consists in trapping compounds using dynamic headspace extraction (DHS) in‐field, followed by gas chromatography analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS and/or GC‐FID) in the laboratory.ObjectivesIn this study, we evaluated the use of the new portable Torion T‐9 GC–MS system for rapid and in situ analysis of VOCs emitted by fine lavender and lavandin species.Material and methodsAll field analyses were performed using a person‐portable low‐thermal mass GC system coupled with a miniature toroidal ion trap mass analyser (ppGC‐ITMS): Torion T‐9 portable GC–MS. Subsequently, multivariate statistical analyses were performed to determine chemical differences between species.ResultsThirty compounds were separated and detected in all lavender above‐ground samples in only 3 min of analysis.ConclusionsThe portable GC–MS device enabled a rapid in‐field distinction of Lavandula species based on their detected volatile profiles.
Attentional bias effect on post‐traumatic outcomes in children after earthquake: Mediation role of rumination
Authors: Alamdar Sadaf , Lv Yaodi , Guo Jiang , Lu Jiangfeng , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAfter traumatic events, children with different types of attentional biases produce different psychological reactions with the help of the rumination process. A sample of 909 middle school students was taken from the Yunnan Ludian earthquake‐affected area. Measurement scales of the Chinese version of the Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale (APNI), the Chinese version of the Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES), and the Revised Post‐traumatic Growth Inventory for Children (PTG‐C) were used to assess the attentional bias, risk of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and post‐traumatic growth (PTG), respectively. The effect of self‐reported attention bias was explored by using a structural equation model and bias‐corrected bootstrap test on children’s psychological reaction after trauma. The results show that there is a positive relationship between self‐reported negative attentional bias and PTSD symptoms partially mediated by intrusive rumination and the negative relationship between self‐reported positive attentional bias and PTSD symptoms. On the other hand, the relationship between self‐reported positive attentional bias and PTG was positive and partially mediated by deliberate rumination. Furthermore, intrusive rumination did not affect PTG indirectly but mediated the relation of deliberate rumination.
Effect of residue insertion on the stability of polyproline‐I and II structures: Circular dichroism spectroscopic analyses of block‐type oligo‐prolines (Pro)m‐Gly/Ala‐(Pro)n
Authors: Kakinoki Sachiro , Kitamura Makoto , Noguchi Yuri , Arichi Yuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe molecular conformation of oligo‐proline peptides composed of two oligo‐proline block sequences and a non‐proline linker residue, designated as (Pro)
m‐Gly/Ala‐(Pro)
n peptides, was analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The CD spectra in water and trifluoroethanol indicated that the two oligo‐proline blocks were separated by an inserted residue independent of polyproline‐II (PP‐II). In addition, the stability of the (Pro)
m‐Gly/Ala‐(Pro)
n peptides was analyzed using a conformational transition system, during transition from PP‐II to polyproline‐I (PP‐I) in aliphatic alcohols, methanol (MeOH), and 1‐propanol (1‐PrOH). Interestingly, the PP‐II/PP‐I transition was inhibited after a Gly/Ala was inserted at the center of the oligo‐proline; the inhibitory effect of Ala was stronger than that of Gly. When the position of the inserted Ala moved towards the C‐terminal, the (Pro)
m‐Gly/Ala‐(Pro)
n peptides displayed a PP‐II/PP‐I transition in 1‐PrOH. Our results confirmed that (Pro)
m‐Gly/Ala‐(Pro)
n peptides prefer to form PP‐II hairpin conformations even in MeOH and 1‐PrOH. Thus, our findings suggest that the insertion of Gly/Ala acts as a stabilizer in PP‐II in proline‐rich peptides.
Study protocol for a multi‐centre parallel two‐group randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness and impact of a pain assessment and management program for respite workers supporting children with disabilities
Authors: Genik Lara M. , McMurtry C. Meghan , Barata Paula C. , Barney Chantel C. , Lewis Stephen P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivePain is common and complex for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD). Secondary caregivers such as respite workers are lacking important pain‐related information which can impact care. Here, we outline a randomized controlled trial (RCT) protocol testing the effectiveness of a pain training for respite workers supporting children with I/DD.Methods/designOrganizations enrolled in the RCT were randomly assigned to receive a 3‐3.5 hours pain or family‐centered care training. Data were collected immediately before, after, and 4‐6 weeks following completion of the training. Outcomes are as follows: pain knowledge (primary), pain assessment and management perceptions (secondary), training evaluations (secondary), and use of pain assessment and management skills (tertiary). Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies are being used including questionnaires, rating scales, a standardized vignette, and focus groups.ConclusionsResults from this trial will be used to further understand the impact of the pain training and inform next steps related to implementation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03421795.
Combination antifungal therapy for Scedosporium species in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Bentley Siân , Davies Jane C. , Carr Siobhán B. , Balfour‐Lynn Ian M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate safety and efficacy of oral posaconazole and terbinafine for Lomentospora prolificans and Scedosporium apiospermum in children with cystic fibrosis.MethodsRetrospective case review.ResultsThere were five children (four girls), median age 15.0 years; three had S. apiospermum and two had L. prolificans. Treatment duration: median 5 months (range: 5‐18 m). In no patient was eradication achieved, with the follow‐up range being 6 months to 4 years. Effect on lung function was variable but encouraging. No adverse effects were reported, one child had transient elevation of liver enzymes.ConclusionsWhile the combination therapy was well tolerated, it was unsuccessful at eradication.