bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of extracellular volume and intradialytic peripheral resistance changes on ambulatory blood pressure in hemodialysis patients with and without recurrent intradialytic hypertension
Authors: McAdams Meredith , Gregg L Parker , Lu Rong , Concepcion Michael , Lederer Swati , Penfield Jeff , Van Buren Peter Noel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Hypertension and extracellular volume (ECV) overload are interrelated mortality risk factors in hemodialysis (HD) patients, but confounding related to changes in ECV and vasoconstriction during and between treatments obfuscate their relationship. We sought to clarify independent contributions of post-HD ECV and intradialytic changes in vasoconstriction on ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in patients with and without recurrent intradialytic hypertension (IH).

Methods
In this prospective observational study, we obtained measurements of pre- and post-HD ECV with bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), pre- and post-HD total peripheral resistance index and 44-h ambulatory BP. Linear regression determined associations between post-HD ECV/weight and intradialytic change in total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) with interdialytic BP and slope.

Results
In fully-adjusted models for participants with complete data, post-HD ECV/weight associated with mean ambulatory BP (β = 133, P = 0.01; n = 52) and ambulatory BP slope (β = −4.28, P = 0.03; n = 42). ECV/weight was associated with mean ambulatory BP in those with recurrent IH (β = 314, P = 0.0005; n = 16) and with ambulatory BP slope in those without recurrent IH (β = −4.56, P = 0.04; n = 28). Interdialytic weight gain percentage and intradialytic TPRI change were not associated with ambulatory BP or slope in any analyses.

Conclusion
Ambulatory BP in HD patients is more strongly associated with post-HD ECV assessed with BIS than with intradialytic TPRI changes or interdialytic ECV increases. These findings highlight the essential role of recognizing and managing chronic ECV overload to improve ambulatory BP in HD patients, particularly so for those with IH.
Cardiac dysfunction in cancer patients: beyond direct cardiomyocyte damage of anticancer drugs: novel cardio-oncology insights from the joint 2019 meeting of the ESC Working Groups of Myocardial Function and Cellular Biology of the Heart
Authors: Tocchetti Carlo Gabriele , Ameri Pietro , de Boer Rudolf A , D’Alessandra Yuri , Russo Michele , Sorriento Daniela , Ciccarelli Michele , Kiss Bernadett , Bertrand Luc , Dawson Dana , Falcao-Pires Ines , Giacca Mauro , Hamdani Nazha , Linke Wolfgang A , Mayr Manuel , van der Velden Jolanda , Zacchigna Serena , Ghigo Alessandra , Hirsch Emilio , Lyon Alexander R , Görbe Anikó , Ferdinandy Péter , Madonna Rosalinda , Heymans Stephane , Thum Thomas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In western countries, cardiovascular (CV) disease and cancer are the leading causes of death in the ageing population. Recent epidemiological data suggest that cancer is more frequent in patients with prevalent or incident CV disease, in particular, heart failure (HF). Indeed, there is a tight link in terms of shared risk factors and mechanisms between HF and cancer. HF induced by anticancer therapies has been extensively studied, primarily focusing on the toxic effects that anti-tumour treatments exert on cardiomyocytes. In this Cardio-Oncology update, members of the ESC Working Groups of Myocardial Function and Cellular Biology of the Heart discuss novel evidence interconnecting cardiac dysfunction and cancer via pathways in which cardiomyocytes may be involved but are not central. In particular, the multiple roles of cardiac stromal cells (endothelial cells and fibroblasts) and inflammatory cells are highlighted. Also, the gut microbiota is depicted as a new player at the crossroads between HF and cancer. Finally, the role of non-coding RNAs in Cardio-Oncology is also addressed. All these insights are expected to fuel additional research efforts in the field of Cardio-Oncology.
Does divergence from normal patterns of integration increase as chromosomal fusions increase in number? A test on a house mouse hybrid zone
Authors: Fruciano Carmelo , Colangelo Paolo , Castiglia Riccardo , Franchini Paolo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Chromosomal evolution is widely considered an important driver of speciation because it can promote the establishment of reproductive barriers. Karyotypic reorganization is also expected to affect the mean phenotype, as well as its development and patterns of phenotypic integration, through processes such as variation in genetic linkage between quantitative trait loci or between regulatory regions and their targets. Here we explore the relationship between chromosomal evolution and phenotypic integration by analyzing a well-known house mouse parapatric contact zone between a highly derived Robertsonian (Rb) race (2n = 22) and populations with standard karyotype (2n = 40). Populations with hybrid karyotypes are scattered throughout the hybrid zone connecting the two parental races. Using mandible shape data and geometric morphometrics, we test the hypothesis that patterns of integration progressively diverge from the “normal” integration pattern observed in the standard race as they accumulate Rb fusions. We find that the main pattern of integration observed between the posterior and anterior part of the mandible can be largely attributed to allometry. We find no support for a gradual increase in divergence from normal patterns of integration as fusions accumulate. Surprisingly, however, we find that the derived Rb race (2n = 22) has a distinct allometric trajectory compared with the standard race. Our results suggest that either individual fusions disproportionately affect patterns of integration or that there are mechanisms which “purge” extreme variants in hybrids (e.g. reduced fitness of hybrid shape).
Risk-taking behavior of bull-headed shrikes that recently colonized islands
Authors: Hamao Shoji , Torikai Hisahiro , Yoshikawa Midori , Yamamoto Yutaka , Ijichi Tugeru 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Individuals which have invaded urbanized environments are reported to engage in riskier behaviors, possibly influenced by the scarcity of predators in urbanized areas. Here, we studied the risk-taking behavior of birds which had invaded a new natural environment, rather than an artificial urban environment, using recently established populations of the bull-headed shrike Lanius bucephalus, which naturally colonized three subtropical islands in Japan. We compared flight initiation distance (FID), the distance at which an individual approached by a human initiates flight, between the islands and the temperate mainland. FID was longer for the insular shrikes compared with the mainland shrikes after controlling for other factors, indicating that the individuals which had invaded a new natural environment had a lower propensity for risk-taking. A possible explanation for these results is that low risk-taking behavior might be adaptive on the islands due to predation by the black rat Rattus rattus, an unfamiliar predator not found in shrike habitats on the temperate mainland. Further studies are needed to examine the nest predation rate, predator species, and nest site selection of these insular shrike populations.
Louise Dyer’s Éditions de l’Oiseau Lyre and the Œuvres complètes de François Couperin
Authors: Daniels Susan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In 1933 Louise Dyer launched her publishing company Les Éditions de l’Oiseau Lyre with the Œuvres complètes de François Couperin. The 12 volumes constituted a monument to France’s cultural patrimony in an age of growing nationalism. While Couperin’s harpsichord works had been available in modern editions for some time, it was the first modern printing of his sacred works, secular songs and chamber music. The article explores why Dyer settled on Couperin for her first project and how she negotiated her way through the varied interests and prejudices of those who held power within the French musical and political establishments.
Fragmentary organism VS. oRGANIC FRAGMENT: Reconceptualizing aesthetic principles in kleist’s der zerbrochne krug and penthesilea
Authors: Latifi Kaltërina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Starting from the undeniable inadequacy of (poetic) language, which, as Kleist pointed out, can only provide ‘torn fragments’ without allowing fully accomplished communication, this article examines how such fragmentariness creates distinct units of meaning as part of the author’s intentionality. Kleist programmatically called his drama Penthesilea, which was published in his journal Phöbus in 1808, an ‘organic fragment’. This paradoxical term highlights an inherent contradiction: namely the unity between the fragmentary and the organic, the latter presupposing, after all, an existing whole. Whilst the author termed his drama in this case a fragment, which pretends to be organic, the opposite occurs with his comedy Der zerbrochne Krug. Here, Kleist generates a complete whole from linguistic fragmentations or, to put it provocatively, a fragmentary organism. This intricate relationship is the subject of the following philological and thematic analysis.
Biased Gene Retention in the Face of Introgression Obscures Species Relationships
Authors: Forsythe Evan S , Nelson Andrew D L , Beilstein Mark A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhylogenomic analyses are recovering previously hidden histories of hybridization, revealing the genomic consequences of these events on the architecture of extant genomes. We applied phylogenomic techniques and several complementary statistical tests to show that introgressive hybridization appears to have occurred between close relatives of Arabidopsis, resulting in cytonuclear discordance and impacting our understanding of species relationships in the group. The composition of introgressed and retained genes indicates that selection against incompatible cytonuclear and nuclear–nuclear interactions likely acted during introgression, whereas linkage also contributed to genome composition through the retention of ancient haplotype blocks. We also applied divergence-based tests to determine the species branching order and distinguish donor from recipient lineages. Surprisingly, these analyses suggest that cytonuclear discordance arose via extensive nuclear, rather than cytoplasmic, introgression. If true, this would mean that most of the nuclear genome was displaced during introgression whereas only a small proportion of native alleles were retained.
A Double Burden of Exclusion? Digital and Social Exclusion of Older Adults in Times of COVID-19
Authors: Seifert Alexander , Cotten Shelia R , Xie Bo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has excluded older adults from a society based on physical social contact. Vulnerable populations like older adults also tend to be excluded from digital services because they opt not to use the internet, lack necessary devices and network connectivity, or inexperience using the technology. Older adults who are frail and are not online, many of whom are in long-term care facilities, struggle with the double burden of social and digital exclusion. This paper discusses the potential outcomes of this exclusion and provides recommendations for rectifying the situation, with a particular focus on older adults in long-term care facilities.
An integrative understanding of comparative cognition: lessons from human brain evolution
Authors: Liu Yuxiang , Konopka Genevieve 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of animal cognition requires the integration of studies on behavior, electrophysiology, neuroanatomy, development, and genomics. Although studies of comparative cognition are receiving increasing attention from organismal biologists, most current studies focus on the comparison of behaviors and anatomical structures to understand their adaptative values. However, to understand the most potentially complex cognitive program of the human brain a greater synthesis of a multitude of disciplines is needed. In this review, we start with extensive neuroanatomic comparisons between humans and other primates. One likely specialization of the human brain is the expansion of neocortex, especially in regions for high-order cognition (e.g., prefrontal cortex). We then discuss how such an expansion can be linked to heterochrony of the brain developmental program, resulting in a greater number of neurons and enhanced computational capacity. Furthermore, alteration of gene expression in the human brain has been associated with positive selection in DNA sequences of gene regulatory regions. These results not only imply that genes associated with brain development are a major factor in the evolution of cognition, but also that high-quality whole-genome sequencing and gene manipulation techniques are needed for an integrative and functional understanding of comparative cognition in non-model organisms.
Emulating a target trial in case-control designs: an application to statins and colorectal cancer
Authors: Dickerman Barbra A , García-Albéniz Xabier , Logan Roger W , Denaxas Spiros , Hernán Miguel A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Previous case-control studies have reported a strong association between statin use and lower cancer risk. It is unclear whether this association reflects a benefit of statins or is the result of design decisions that cannot be mapped to a (hypothetical) target trial (that would answer the question of interest).

Methods
We outlined the protocol of a target trial to estimate the effect of statins on colorectal cancer incidence among adults with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol below 5 mmol/L. We then emulated the target trial using linked electronic health records of 752 469 eligible UK adults (CALIBER 1999–2016) under both a cohort design and a case-control sampling of the cohort. We used pooled logistic regression to estimate intention-to-treat and per-protocol effects of statins on colorectal cancer, with adjustment for baseline and time-varying risk factors via inverse-probability weighting. Finally, we compared our case-control effect estimates with those obtained using previous case-control procedures.

Results
Over the 6-year follow-up, 3596 individuals developed colorectal cancer. Estimated intention-to-treat and per-protocol hazard ratios were 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87, 1.16) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.71, 1.12), respectively. As expected, adequate case-control sampling yielded the same estimates. By contrast, previous case-control analytical approaches yielded estimates that appeared strongly protective (odds ratio 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.91, for ≥5 vs. &lt;5 years of statin use).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates how to explicitly emulate a target trial using case-control data to reduce discrepancies between observational and randomized trial evidence. This approach may inform future case-control analyses for comparative effectiveness research.
The influence of age and environmental conditions on supplement intake by beef cattle winter grazing northern mixed-grass rangelands
Authors: Wyffels Samuel A , Dafoe Julia M , Parsons Cory T , Boss Darrin L , DelCurto Timothy , Bowman Janice G P 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the influence of cow age and temperature adjusted for wind chill (Twindchill) on supplement intake behavior of beef cattle winter grazing northern mixed grass prairie rangelands. A commercial herd of 272 (year 1) and 302 (year 2) bred cows (Angus, Simmental × Angus) ranging in age from 1- to 12-yr-old grazed a 329-ha rangeland pasture (~1.5 ha animal unit monthˉ 1) from November to January. Cows were grouped into seven age classes (1 yr old, 2 yr old, 3 yr old, 4 yr old, 5 yr old, 6 yr old, and ≥ 7 yr old) and were provided free-choice access to a 30% CP self-fed canola meal-based pelleted supplement with 25% salt to limit intake. The target daily intake was 0.91 kg cowˉ 1 dˉ 1. Supplement was provided in a SmartFeed Pro self-feeder system to measure individual animal supplement intake and behavior. An Onset HOBO U30-NRC Weather Station was placed near the supplement feeders to collect weather data for the entirety of the grazing period. Average daily supplement intake and the coefficient variation in supplement intake displayed a Twindchill × cow age × year interaction (P ≤ 0.02). There was a negative linear effect of age on supplement intake (kg cowˉ 1 dˉ 1) for days with below average Twindchill conditions in both years (P &lt; 0.01). There was also negative linear effect of age on supplement intake (g kg of BWˉ 1 dˉ 1) at average Twindchill in year 1 and below average Twindchill in year 2 (P &lt; 0.01). Cow age had a quadratic effect on supplement intake for days with below average Twindchill in year 1 (P = 0.02); however, this was a curvilinear response where yearlings and 2-yr-olds consumed more supplement per kilogram of BW than other age cattle (P &lt; 0.01). Cow age had positive linear effects on variation in supplement intake at below average Twindchill conditions in both years (P &lt; 0.01). Daily visits to the supplement feeders displayed a Twindchill × cow age interaction (P &lt; 0.01), where there was a linear decrease in visits with increasing age at below average Twindchill conditions (P &lt; 0.01). In summary, both cow age and the winter environmental conditions interacted to influence animal supplement intake behavior and, as a result, nutrient delivery efficacy in winter grazing beef cattle.
An Investigation of Human–Mosquito Contact Using Surveys and Its Application in Assessing Dengue Viral Transmission Risk
Authors: Thongsripong Panpim , Qu Zhuolin , Yukich Joshua O , Hyman James M , Wesson Dawn M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aedes-borne viral diseases such as dengue fever are surging in incidence in recent years. To investigate viral transmission risks, the availability of local transmission parameters is essential. One of the most important factors directly determining infection risk is human–mosquito contact. Yet the contact rate is not often characterized, compared with other risk metrics such as vector density, because of the limited research tool options. In this study, human–mosquito contact was assessed in two study sites in the Southern United States using self-administered standardized survey instruments. The fraction of mosquito bites attributed to important vector species was estimated by human landing sampling. The survey participants reported a significantly higher outdoor mosquito bite exposure than indoor. The reported bite number was positively correlated with outdoor time during at-risk periods. There was also a significant effect of the study site on outdoor bite exposure, possibly due to the differing vector density. Thus, the levels of human–mosquito contact in this study were influenced both by the mosquito density and human behaviors. A dengue virus transmission model demonstrated that the observed difference in the contact rates results in differential virus transmission risks. Our findings highlight the practicality of using surveys to investigate human–mosquito contact in a setting where bite exposure levels differ substantially, and serve as a basis for further evaluations. This study underscores a new avenue that can be used in combination with other field methods to understand how changes in human behavior may influence mosquito bite exposure which drives mosquito-borne virus transmission.
Stressors, Repetitive Negative Thinking, and Insomnia Symptoms in Adolescents Beginning High School
Authors: Brodar Kaitlyn E , La Greca Annette M , Hysing Mari , Llabre Maria M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Although the first year of high school may represent a particularly stressful time for adolescents, no research addresses how stressors are related to insomnia symptoms during this time. Thus, we examined how stress relates to concurrent and prospective insomnia symptoms in adolescents beginning high school (Aim 1). Additionally, we assessed repetitive negative thinking (RNT) as a mediator (Aim 2). We also evaluated whether the pattern of associations differed for boys and girls (Aim 3).

Methods
Adolescents (N = 502; M age = 14.22 years; 58.2% girls; 91.2% Hispanic/Latinx) completed questionnaires about stressors related to beginning high school (e.g., school performance, peer pressure), family support, RNT, and insomnia symptoms at the beginning and end of their first year of high school. Multiple group structural equation models assessed relationships between these variables and evaluated differences between boys and girls.

Results
School/leisure conflict and low family support were directly associated with insomnia symptoms at both times, and RNT mediated these relationships in both boys and girls. In girls, peer pressure and low family support were indirectly associated with Time 1 and Time 2 insomnia symptoms via RNT. In boys, school performance was indirectly associated with Time 1 and Time 2 insomnia symptoms via RNT.

Conclusions
Stressful experiences at the beginning of high school negatively affect sleep in adolescents both in the short and long term. Pediatric psychologists should educate adolescents and their parents about the risk of sleep problems during this time period and provide strategies for stress management and for proper sleep hygiene.
Gastric perforation resulting into pneumoperitoneum in a neonate: a case report
Authors: Lodhia Jay , Msuya David , Philemon Rune , Sadiq Adnan , Mremi Alex 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGastric perforation in a neonate is a rare surgical emergency in routine practice. The causes and predisposing factors for gastric perforation in a neonate vary from traumatic to benign conditions like inflammatory processes. Early detection, intensive care, stabilization and prompt surgery yield positive outcome. Early diagnosis is important for better prognosis. Simple investigation such as plain abdominal X-ray can adequately lead to the diagnosis by showing pneumoperinoneum. We present a 3-day-old neonate; born at term who presented with abdominal distension and vomiting. Plain abdominal X-ray revealed pneumoperitoneum. Emergency laparotomy was performed where a gastric perforation was found measuring 0.5 by 0.5 cm located on the anterior aspect of the stomach body near the pylorus. The baby underwent successful surgical intervention and recovered well.
Untangled Branches: the Edenic Tree(s) and the Multivocal WAW
Authors: Makowiecki Mark 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This narratological study of Genesis 2–3 examines whether the principal trees in the Garden of Eden—the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil—are two in number or one and the same. While the answer to this question seems self-evident, namely, that the Edenic trees are two, the woman’s description of the forbidden tree as if it were an amalgam of both makes this conclusion uncertain. This ambiguity creates a certain tension in the text; a tension which commentators have been trying perennially to resolve. Yet rather than join the long list of attempts to eliminate this tension, this article explores its role as a narrative feature and is thus able to show how conflicting details function cooperatively within the text. This leads to the conclusion that the principal tree(s) in the Garden of Eden should not be understood as one or two in number but as one and two in number.