bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Pancreatic Cancer and Pathogenic ATM Alterations
Authors: Hannan Zain , Yu Shun , Domchek Susan , Mamtani Ronac , Reiss Kim A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Ataxia-Telangiesctasia, mutated (ATM) gene is involved in a number of DNA damage repair pathways and confers an increased risk for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this retrospective study, we identified and profiled 22 patients with PDAC and a known somatic or germline pathogenic ATM alteration (case patients). These patients were matched 2:1 by age, stage, and year at diagnosis to patients with PDAC without known ATM alterations. The median overall survival in patients with ATM alterations was 40.2 months compared with 15.5 months in the control population (hazard ratio = 0.14, 95% confidence interval = 0.04 to 0.47, 2-sided P = .001). In multivariable analysis, these findings persisted after adjustment for receipt of platinum therapy and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status. These findings suggest that pathogenic ATM alterations may be prognostic for improved outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Genome-wide identification of cotton GRAM family proteins reveals that GRAM31 regulates fiber length
Authors: Ye Zhengxiu , Qiao Lu , Luo Xiangyin , Chen Xinyuan , Zhang Xianlong , Tu Lili 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe glucosyltransferases, Rab-like GTPase activators and myotubularins (GRAM) domain is highly conserved in eukaryotic cells and is found in proteins involved in membrane-associated processes. GRAM domain proteins have not yet been functionally characterized in cotton. In this study, we identified 164 genes encoding GRAM domain proteins in four cotton species, comprising two subfamilies. In Gossypium hirsutum, our transcriptome data showed that GhGRAM31 was predominantly expressed during the rapid elongation stage of fiber development and that it might control fiber length. GhGRAM31-RNAi transgenic cotton lines showed inhibition of fiber elongation and produced shorter mature fibers, and this was coupled with expression changes of genes related to fiber development. In addition, lint percentage and seed size were also decreased in the RNAi lines. Further examination revealed that GhGRAM31 directly interacts with two other GRAM-domain proteins, GhGRAM5 and GhGRAM35. GhGRAM5 also interacts with the transcription factor GhTTG1, while GhGRAM35 interacts with the transcription factors GhHOX1 and GhHD1. Co-expression of GhGRAM31 and GhGRAM35 was able to promote GhHD1 transcription activity in cotton protoplasts. Our results provide new insights into the biological function of the GRAM-domain protein family in cotton, and selected genes have the potential to be utilized in future programs for the genetic improvement of fibers.
The surprising accuracy of isothermal Jeans modelling of self-interacting dark matter density profiles
Authors: Robertson Andrew , Massey Richard , Eke Vincent , Schaye Joop , Theuns Tom 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent claims of observational evidence for self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) have relied on a semi-analytic method for predicting the density profiles of galaxies and galaxy clusters containing SIDM. We present a thorough description of this method, known as isothermal Jeans modelling, and then test it with a large ensemble of haloes taken from cosmological simulations. Our simulations were run with cold and collisionless dark matter (CDM) as well as two different SIDM models, all with dark matter only variants as well as versions including baryons and relevant galaxy formation physics. Using a mix of different box sizes and resolutions, we study haloes with masses ranging from 3 × 1010 to $3 \times 10^{15} \mathrm{\, M_\odot }$. Overall, we find that the isothermal Jeans model provides as accurate a description of simulated SIDM density profiles as the Navarro–Frenk–White profile does of CDM haloes. We can use the model predictions, compared with the simulated density profiles, to determine the input DM–DM scattering cross-sections used to run the simulations. This works especially well for large cross-sections, while with CDM our results tend to favour non-zero (albeit fairly small) cross-sections, driven by a bias against small cross-sections inherent to our adopted method of sampling the model parameter space. The model works across the whole halo mass range we study, although including baryons leads to DM profiles of intermediate-mass ($10^{12} - 10^{13} \mathrm{\, M_\odot }$) haloes that do not depend strongly on the SIDM cross-section. The tightest constraints will therefore come from lower and higher mass haloes: dwarf galaxies and galaxy clusters.
Hydrodynamic escape of mineral atmosphere from hot rocky exoplanet. I. Model description
Authors: Ito Yuichi , Ikoma Masahiro 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent exoplanet statistics indicate that photo-evaporation has a great impact on the mass and bulk composition of close-in low-mass planets. While there are many studies addressing photo-evaporation of hydrogen- or water-rich atmospheres, no detailed investigation regarding rocky vapour atmospheres (or mineral atmospheres) has been conducted. Here, we develop a new 1D hydrodynamic model of the ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated mineral atmosphere composed of Na, Mg, O, Si, their ions and electrons, including molecular diffusion, thermal conduction, photo-/thermochemistry, X–ray and UV heating, and radiative line cooling (i.e. the effects of the optical thickness and non-local thermal equilibrium). The focus of this paper is on describing our methodology but presents some new findings. Our hydrodynamic simulations demonstrate that almost all of the incident X-ray and UV energy from the host star is converted into and lost by the radiative emission of the coolant gas species such as Na, Mg, Mg+, Si2+, Na3+, and Si3+. For an Earth-size planet orbiting 0.02 au around a young solar-type star, we find that the X-ray and UV heating efficiency is as small as 1 × 10−3, which corresponds to 0.3 M⊕ Gyr−1 of the mass-loss rate simply integrated over all the directions. Because of such efficient cooling, the photo-evaporation of the mineral atmosphere on hot rocky exoplanets with masses of 1 M⊕ is not massive enough to exert a great influence on the planetary mass and bulk composition. This suggests that close-in high-density exoplanets with sizes larger than the Earth radius survive in the high-UV environments.
Proper motion measurements for stars up to 100 kpc with Subaru HSC and SDSS Stripe 82
Authors: Qiu Tian , Wang Wenting , Takada Masahiro , Yasuda Naoki , Ivezić Željko , Lupton Robert H , Chiba Masashi , Ishigaki Miho , Komiyama Yutaka 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We present proper motion measurements for more than 0.55 million main-sequence stars, by comparing astrometric positions of matched stars between the multiband imaging data sets from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82. In doing this, we use 3 million galaxies to recalibrate the astrometry and set up a common reference frame between the two catalogues. The exquisite depth and the nearly 12 yr of time baseline between HSC and SDSS enable high-precision measurements of statistical proper motions for stars down to i ≃ 24. A validation of our method is demonstrated by the agreement with the Gaia proper motions, to the precision better than 0.1 mas yr−1. To retain the precision, we make a correction of the subtle effects due to the differential chromatic refraction in the SDSS images based on the comparison with the Gaia proper motions against colour of stars, which is validated using the SDSS spectroscopic quasars. Combining with the photometric distance estimates for individual stars based on the precise HSC photometry, we show a significant detection of the net proper motions for stars in each bin of distance out to 100 kpc. The two-component tangential velocities after subtracting the apparent motions due to our own motion display rich phase-space structures including a clear signature of the Sagittarius stream in the halo region of distance range [10, 35] kpc. We also measure the tangential velocity dispersion in the distance range 5–20 kpc and find that the data are consistent with a constant isotropic dispersion of 80 ± 10 km s−1. More distant stars appear to have random motions with respect to the Galactic Centre on average.
The mass of the Milky Way out to 100 kpc using halo stars
Authors: Deason Alis J , Erkal Denis , Belokurov Vasily , Fattahi Azadeh , Gómez Facundo A , Grand Robert J J , Pakmor Rüdiger , Xue Xiang-Xiang , Liu Chao , Yang Chengqun , Zhang Lan , Zhao Gang 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We use a distribution function analysis to estimate the mass of the Milky Way (MW) out to 100 kpc using a large sample of halo stars. These stars are compiled from the literature, and the vast majority (${\sim } 98{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) have 6D phase-space information. We pay particular attention to systematic effects, such as the dynamical influence of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and the effect of unrelaxed substructure. The LMC biases the (pre-LMC infall) halo mass estimates towards higher values, while realistic stellar haloes from cosmological simulations tend to underestimate the true halo mass. After applying our method to the MW data, we find a mass within 100 kpc of M (&lt;100 kpc) = 6.07 ± 0.29 (stat.) ± 1.21 (sys.) × 1011 M⊙. For this estimate, we have approximately corrected for the reflex motion induced by the LMC using the Erkal et al. model, which assumes a rigid potential for the LMC and MW. Furthermore, stars that likely belong to the Sagittarius stream are removed, and we include a 5 per cent systematic bias, and a 20 per cent systematic uncertainty based on our tests with cosmological simulations. Assuming the mass–concentration relation for Navarro–Frenk–White haloes, our mass estimate favours a total (pre-LMC infall) MW mass of M200c = 1.01 ± 0.24 × 1012 M⊙, or (post-LMC infall) mass of M200c = 1.16 ± 0.24 × 1012 M⊙ when a 1.5 × 1011 M⊙ mass of a rigid LMC is included.
ALMA detects molecular gas in the halo of the powerful radio galaxy TXS 0828+193
Authors: Fogasy Judit , Knudsen K K , Drouart G , Gullberg B 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Both theoretical and observational results suggest that high-redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs) inhabit overdense regions of the universe and might be the progenitors of local, massive galaxies residing in the centre of galaxy clusters. In this paper, we present CO(3–2) line observations of the HzRG TXS 0828+193 (z = 2.57) and its environment using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. In contrast to previous observations, we detect CO emission associated with the HzRG and derive a molecular gas mass of $(0.9\pm 0.3)\times 10^{10}\, \rm M_{\odot }$. Moreover, we confirm the presence of a previously detected off-source CO emitting region (companion #1), and detect three new potential companions. The molecular gas mass of each companion is comparable to that of the HzRG. Companion #1 is aligned with the axis of the radio jet and has stellar emission detected by Spitzer. Thus, this source might be a normal star-forming galaxy or alternatively a result of jet-induced star formation. The newly found CO sources do not have counterparts in any other observing band and could be high-density clouds in the halo of TXS 0828+193 and thus potentially linked to the large-scale filamentary structure of the cosmic web.
Aspirin reduces sFlt-1-mediated apoptosis of trophoblast cells in preeclampsia
Authors: Zuo Qing , Zou Yanfeng , Huang Shiyun , Wang Tianjun , Xu Yetao , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Min , Ge Zhiping , Jiang Ziyan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder that occurs during pregnancy. Low-dose aspirin is used to reduce the occurrence of early-onset PE; however, the mechanisms are not clear. The aim of this study was to reveal the underlying mechanism of aspirin in reducing sFlt-1-mediated apoptosis of trophoblast cells in PE. Serum sFlt-1 and sEng profiles and placental oxidative stress levels were significantly decreased in PE patients treated with aspirin compared with untreated patients without it, whereas serum PLGF and placental SOD profiles were increased in PE patients with aspirin. Aspirin attenuated the role of sFlt-1 in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction and reduced apoptosis of trophoblasts by inactivating the NF-κB signalling pathway in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells. Blood pressure, urine protein, swelling of the villous vessels and mitochondrial parameters were noted to be much better after aspirin administrated to sFlt-1 treated pregnant mice. In conclusion, aspirin reverses the endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by sFlt-1 and thus reduces apoptosis of preeclamptic trophoblasts by inactivating NF-κB signalling pathway.
Tobacco Advertising Features That May Contribute to Product Appeal Among US Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Moran Meghan Bridgid , Heley Kathryn , Czaplicki Lauren , Weiger Caitlin , Strong David , Pierce John 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Cigarette advertising is a causal agent of smoking uptake among young people. Although prior research links ad receptivity to tobacco product interest and use, little is known regarding the specific advertising tactics associated with increased product appeal among young people.

Methods
A national sample of 13–20 year-olds (N = 3688, youth) and 21–24 year-olds (N = 1556, young adults) in the US participated in an online survey in 2017 (mean age 18.1 years). The majority (72.0%) of youth and nearly half (44.8%) of young adults were never smokers. Participants were shown a cigarette ad, randomly assigned from a pool of 50 advertisements, and reported how much they liked the ad, and were curious about and interested in using the advertised product. All 50 advertisements were content analyzed for a variety of features. Data from the survey and content analysis were merged and mixed effects analyses used to identify the features associated with increased liking, curiosity, and interest in using, referred to collectively as product appeal.

Results
Presence of a sweepstakes offer was associated with increased liking, curiosity and interest among youth and curiosity and interest among young adults. Outdoors settings, flora imagery, natural descriptors, and environmental themes were associated with increased appeal. Price reductions (eg, coupons) were associated with decreased appeal among youth.

Conclusions
This study identified several advertising tactics associated with increased appeal among youth and young adults. If additional research confirms these findings, the U.S. Food and Drug Association should consider restricting use of these tactics in tobacco advertising.

Implications
This study's findings provide insight into features of cigarette ads that appeal to youth and young adults. Overall, the presence of sweepstakes appealed to youth and young adults and outdoors and environmental themes were particularly appealing to young adults. Such tactics could serve to further brand engagement, improve brand image and lead to initiation or escalation of use. If confirmatory studies further demonstrate the effects of the tactics identified in this study on youth product appeal, U.S. Food and Drug Administration should consider using its authority to restrict the use of youth-appealing tactics.
Fingerprick Autologous Blood in the Treatment of Severe Dry Eyes and Ocular Surface Disease
Authors: Erikitola Ore-oluwa , Williams Olayinka , Fern Alasdair , Lyall Douglas 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of autologous blood eye drops in patients diagnosed with severe ocular surface disease and dry eye who were unresponsive to conventional therapy and who would otherwise be considered for autologous serum eye drops.

Methods:
A total of 38 eyes of 19 patients (15 women and 4 men) with ocular surface disease and severe dry eye refractory to conventional treatment were treated with fingerprick autologous blood 4 times daily for 6 months. Follow-up visits occurred at 1-, 3-, and 6-month intervals. At each visit, visual acuity, Oxford Grading Scheme score, tear film break-up time, Schirmer test, and ocular surface disease index were measured.

Results:
There was a significant improvement in the ocular surface staining score at all time gates. The mean score at presentation was 2.13, and this improved to 1.50 at 1 month (P < 0.001), 1.29 at 3 months (P < 0.01), and 1.42 at 6 months (P < 0.01). There was an improvement in tear film break-up time from 4.75 seconds at baseline to 6.79 seconds at 3 months (P < 0.01) and 7.0 seconds at 6 months (P < 0.001). An improvement in the Schirmer test was only found at 6 months with an improvement from 3.67 mm to 13.33 mm (P < 0.05). There was no statistical change in visual acuity at any time gate or ocular surface disease index score, although 83% of patients reported an improvement in their symptoms at 6 months. There were no adverse events reported.

Conclusions:
Fingerprick autologous blood is an effective, readily accessible, and safe therapy for the treatment of recalcitrant cases of severe ocular surface disease and dry eye unresponsive to conventional therapy.
Algorithm for Treatment of Supernumerary Nasal Tooth
Authors: de Souza Santos Anderson Maikon , de Lima-Neto Tiburtino José , Mendes Bruno Coelho , Hochuli Vieira Eduardo , Sverzut Alexander Tadeu , Luna Anibal Henrique Barbosa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The presence of a tooth in the nasal cavity is a rare condition. There is an even more rare association, which is the presence with the mineral's deposition and formation of rhinoliths. This report shows a case of rare nasal tooth associated with rhinolithiasis and describes its surgical treatment based on an algorithm. The diagnosis was made by endoscopy with the aid of computed tomography, followed by surgical endoscopy excision. The algorithm and the proposed treatment was successful in its execution and the patient presents no complaints or complications at 3 years after surgery.
The Impact of a 9-Month Booster Training Using Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice on Pediatric Resident PALS Skills
Authors: Surapa Raju Sai , Tofil Nancy M. , Gaither Stacy L. , Norwood Carrie , Zinkan J. Lynn , Godsey Veronica , Aban Inmaculada , Xue Yumo , Rutledge Chrystal 
Published: December 2020

Introduction
The impact of booster training on pediatric resuscitation skills is not well understood. Rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP) to supplement pediatric advanced life support (PALS) training is beginning to be used to improve resuscitation skills. We tested the impact of booster RCDP training performed at 9 months after initial RCDP training on pediatric resuscitation skills of pediatric residents.

Objective
This study evaluated the impact of a 9-month RCDP booster training on PALS skills compared with usual practice debriefing (plus/delta) after an initial RCDP training session for PALS-certified pediatric interns.

Methods
All pediatric interns at a single institution were invited to a 45-minute RCDP training session after their initial PALS certification. The PALS performance score and times for key events were recorded for participants immediately before and after the RCDP training as well as 6, 9, and 12 months after the RCDP training. Learners were randomized to an RCDP intervention and usual practice (plus/delta) group. The intervention group received booster RCDP training after their 9-month assessment.

Results
Twenty eight of 30 residents participated in the initial training with 22 completing randomization at 9 months. There was no significant difference in 12-month PALS median performance scores after the booster training between the intervention and usual practice groups (83% vs. 94%, P = 0.31). There was significant improvement in PALS performance score from 51 ± 27% pre–initial RCDP assessment to 93 ± 5% post–initial RCDP training (P < 0.001). There were significant improvements in individual skills from pre– to post–initial RCDP testing, including time to verbalize pulseless, start compressions, and attach defibrillation pads (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Rapid cycle deliberate practice booster training versus plus/delta training at 9-month post–initial RCDP training did not alter 12-month performance. However, RCDP is effective at improving PALS performance skills, and this effect is maintained at 6, 9, and 12 months. Our study supports the importance of supplemental resuscitation training in addition to the traditional PALS course.
Long-term Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Endovascular Revascularization Plus Supervised Exercise With Supervised Exercise Only for Intermittent Claudication
Authors: Klaphake Sanne , Fakhry Farzin , Rouwet Ellen V. , van der Laan Lijckle , Wever Jan J. , Teijink Joep A. , Hoffmann Wolter H. , van Petersen Andre , van Brussel Jerome P. , Stultiens Guido N. , Derom Alex , den Hoed Ted T. , Ho Gwan H. , van Dijk Lukas C. , Verhofstad Nicole , Orsini Mariella , Hulst Ingrid , van Sambeek Marc R. , Rizopoulos Dimitris , van Rijn Marie Jose J. E. , Verhagen Hence J. M. , Hunink Myriam G. M. 
Published: December 2020

Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the long-term effectiveness of combination therapy for intermittent claudication, compared with supervised exercise only.
Background: Supervised exercise therapy is recommended as first-line treatment for intermittent claudication by recent guidelines. Combining endovascular revascularization plus supervised exercise shows promising results; however, there is a lack of long-term follow-up.

Methods: The ERASE study is a multicenter randomized clinical trial, including patients between May 2010 and February 2013 with intermittent claudication. Interventions were combination of endovascular revascularization plus supervised exercise (n = 106) or supervised exercise only (n = 106). Primary endpoint was the difference in maximum walking distance at long-term follow-up. Secondary endpoints included differences in pain-free walking distance, ankle-brachial index, quality of life, progression to critical limb ischemia, and revascularization procedures during follow-up. This randomized trial report is based on a post hoc analysis of extended follow-up beyond that of the initial trial. Patients were followed up until 31 July 2017. Data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle.

Results: Median long-term follow-up was 5.4 years (IQR 4.9–5.7). Treadmill test was completed for 128/212 (60%) patients. Whereas the difference in maximum walking distance significantly favored combination therapy at 1-year follow-up, the difference at 5-year follow-up was no longer significant (53 m; 99% CI–225 to 331; P = 0.62). No difference in pain-free walking distance, ankle-brachial index, and quality of life was found during long-term follow-up. We found that supervised exercise was associated with an increased hazard of a revascularization procedure during follow-up (HR 2.50; 99% CI 1.27–4.90; P < 0.001). The total number of revascularization procedures (including randomized treatment) was lower in the exercise only group compared to that in the combination therapy group (65 vs 149).

Conclusions: Long-term follow up after combination therapy versus supervised exercise only, demonstrated no significant difference in walking distance or quality of life between the treatment groups. Combination therapy resulted in a lower number of revascularization procedures during follow-up but a higher total number of revascularizations including the randomized treatment.
Trial Registration: Netherlands Trial Registry Identifier: NTR2249