bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magma Dynamics of Axial Melt Lens at Fast‐Spreading Mid‐Ocean Ridges
Authors: ZHANG Chao , KOEPKE Juergen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMultichannel seismic studies performed at fast‐spreading mid‐ocean ridges revealed the presence of a thin (tens to hundreds of meters high), narrow (< 1–2 km wide) axial melt lens (AML) in the mid‐crust, which is underlain by crystal/melt mush that is in turn laterally surrounded by a transition zone of mostly solidified material. In order to shed light on the complexity of magmatic and metamorphic processes ongoing within and at the roof of axial melt lenses, we have focused on the petrological and geochemical record provided by fossilized AMLs. Of particular significance is Hole 1256D in the equatorial Pacific drilled by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), where for the first time, the transition between sheeted dikes and gabbros in intact fast‐spreading crust was penetrated, providing a drill core with a more or less continuous record of the upper part of an AML (Teagle et al., 2006; Koepke et al., 2008). This can be regarded as rosetta stone to answer long‐standing questions on the complex magmatic evolution within an AML, as well as on metamorphic and anatectic processes ongoing at the roof of a dynamic AML, rising upward in the mid‐crust as a consequence of a replenishment event. The plutonic rocks drilled from Hole 1256D consist of quartz‐bearing gabbros, diorites and tonalites, which might represent the upper part of a fossilized AML. The gabbros and diorites are consistent with modeled products of MORB fractional crystallization, composed of mixed melt and cumulate in varying ratios. Modeled trace elements support a model in which the tonalites originated from low‐degree partial melting of the sheeted dikes overlying the AML, rather than extreme fractional crystallization (Erdmann et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2017a). Therefore, the upper part of AML, largely composed of low density and high‐viscosity felsic magmas, may serve as a barrier to eruptible MORB melts in the lower part of AML. Zoning of apatites from three different lithologies, tonalites, diorites, and gabbros, is common and shows a consistent evolution trend with depletion in Cl and REEs from core to rim. The cores are usually homogenous in composition and interpreted as magmatic origin, whereas zones with lower Cl and REEs are disseminated with heterogeneous concentrations, indicating exchanges with hydrothermal fluids. The high‐Cl apatite core indicates assimilation of high‐Cl brines at a magmatic stage, which is interpreted as immiscibility product from cycling seawater‐derived fluids at a high temperature (Zhang et al., 2017b). The variation of F/Cl and Br/Cl ratios of bull rocks may reflect the mixing between MORB magmas and seawater‐derived fluids, crystallization of apatite and amphibole, and/or extraction of magmatic fluids (Zhang et al., 2017c).
The effects of relaxing Australia’s statutory dividend restrictions
Authors: Wallis Mark 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the consequences of removing the requirement from Australian corporate law that dividends can only be paid out of retained earnings. Using a difference‐in‐difference design, I find that firms with negative retained earnings and more volatile earnings increased dividends after the law change, consistent with the arguments of proponents of the law change. However, I further find that the law change is associated with a significant increase in cost of debt, decrease in debt maturity and increased reliance on bank debt. These results are consistent with increased agency costs of debt after the relaxation of dividend restrictions.
Status of illegal resource extraction within Rwenzori Mountains National Park, Uganda: Baseline studies near four hydropower projects
Authors: Bulafu Collins Edward , Tumusiime David Mwesigye , Erik Hårklau Svein , Owuor George 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIllegal resource use in protected areas is a problem for park managers. We investigated status and distribution of illegal activities inside Rwenzori Mountains National Park in areas adjacent to four sites where hydropower projects were being developed outside the park. We used in‐park plot, nonplot‐based methods and community surveys and compared findings from these with ranger patrol records of the Uganda Wildlife Authority. Seventeen kinds of illegal activities were recorded. Collection of medicinal plants and poaching were the most pervasive forms of illegal activities inside the park. Poaching exhibited significant differences (p = 0.03) across sites, and prevalence of poaching signs increased with distance from park boundary at two sites (p = 0.05). The study revealed higher levels of illegal activities than earlier recorded from ranger patrol data. Sixty‐eight per cent (68%) and 44% of the respondents reported participation in collection of medicinal plants and poaching, respectively. Ninety‐eight per cent (98%) of respondents agreed that the park is an important source for natural resources. Ranger patrols should extend further inside the park rather than near the boundaries as has been the case. The findings set a valuable benchmark for assessing the temporal and spatial variation of illegal resource extraction over the hydropower projects’ duration.
Effect of early discharge after planned cesarean section on recovery and parental sense of security. A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kruse Anne R. , Lauszus Finn F. , Forman Axel , Kesmodel Ulrik S. , Rugaard Marie B. , Knudsen Randi K. , Persson Eva‐Kristina , Uldbjerg Niels , Sundtoft Iben B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn some European countries, discharge the day after planned cesarean section has become an accepted procedure. However, little is known about the patients’ perception of early discharge. The aim of this study was to compare early discharge with standard care in relation to parental sense of security. Further, we evaluated postoperative pain, mobilization, and readmission.Material and methodsWe performed a randomized clinical trial including parous, singleton pregnant women with a planned cesarean section at term. The women were allocated to either discharge within 28 hours (intervention group) or after 48 hours (standard care group) following the cesarean section. Women discharged within 28 hours after cesarean section were offered a home visit by a midwife the following day. The primary outcome was the postnatal sense of security, which was reported by the woman and her partner in the “Parents’ Postnatal Sense of Security” questionnaire 1 week postpartum. Secondary outcomes were pain score, use of analgesics, mobilization, readmission, and contacts with the healthcare system in the postoperative period.ResultsWe included 143 women, of whom 72 were allocated to the intervention group and 71 were allocated to the standard care group. There were no differences in baseline characteristics. The two groups did not differ concerning the postnatal sense of security for the women (P = .98) or the postnatal sense of security for the partners (P = .38). We found no difference in pain scores, step count, use of analgesics, or number of contacts with the health‐care system between the groups.ConclusionsParental postnatal sense of security is not compromised by discharge within 28 hours followed by a home visit compared with discharge after 48 hours after planned cesarean section among parous women.
Chemical composition analysis and antioxidant activity of black rice pigment
Authors: Tai Linyu , Huang Shiyu , Zhao Zhengwu , Huang Gangliang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this research was conducted to determine anthocyanin constituent from the grains of Purple black rice No. 6. Moreover, the in vitro antioxidant activity of black rice pigment (BRP) was evaluated. The crude extract of black rice was isolated and purified by silica gel thin layer chromatography. Anthocyanins were elucidated using ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high‐performance liquid chromatography. Meanwhile, salicylic acid Fenton system, superoxide radical system, H2O2 scavenging system, DPPH‐free radical scavenging system, and Prussian blue method were used to determine the free radical scavenging ability and total reducing ability of BRP. Overall results suggest that the main component of BRP is cyanidin‐3‐glucoside, which is a kind of anthocyanins. It also had significant scavenging capacity to OH, O2‐, H2O2, DPPH, and its scavenging rate and reducing ability increased with the increase in pigment concentration.
Pregnancy outcomes for simultaneous Pancreas–Kidney transplant recipients versus kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Tang Joanne , Gulyani Aarti , Hewawasam Erandi , McDonald Stephen , Clayton Phil , Webster Angela C. , Kanellis John , Jesudason Shilpanjali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractData about pregnancy outcomes for simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplant recipients (SPKR) are limited. We compared pregnancy outcomes in SPKR to Kidney Transplant Recipients (KTR) from 2001‐17 using the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry and the Australian and New Zealand Pancreas Islet Transplant Registry (ANZPITR). A total of 19 pregnancies to 15 SPKR mothers, and 348 pregnancies to 235 KTR mothers were reported. Maternal ages were similar (SPKR 33.9 ± 3.9 years; KTR 32.1 ± 4.8 years, p = .10); however, SPKR had a shorter transplant to first‐pregnancy interval compared to KTR (SPKR 3.3 years, IQR (1.7, 4.1); KTR 5 years, IQR (2.6, 8.7), p = .02). Median difference in creatinine pre‐ and post‐pregnancy was similar between the groups (KTR −3 µmol/L, IQR (−15, 6), SPKR −3 µmol/L, IQR (−11, 3), p = .86). Maternal, fetal and kidney transplant outcomes were similar despite higher rates of pre‐existing peripheral vascular and coronary artery diseases in SPKR. Live birth rates (>20 weeks) were comparable (SPKR 93.8% vs. KTR 96.8%, p = .06). KTR with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (24 births) had similar outcomes compared to SPKR. In this national cohort, pregnancy outcomes were similar between SPKR and KTR mothers; however, findings should be interpreted with caution due to small sample sizes.
Photoelastic stress analysis of different types of anterior teeth splints
Authors: Baena Lopes Murilo , Romero Felizardo Klissia , Danil Guiraldo Ricardo , Fancio Sella Karina , Ramos Junior Sérgio , Gonini Junior Alcides , Bittencourt Berger Sandrine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsTraumatic dental injuries are highly prevalent and are considered an important health problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro stress distribution around simulated traumatized teeth subjected to different types of splints by photoelastic analysis.Materials and MethodsFor each group, five models of maxillary and mandibular arches were made in photoelastic resin using prefabricated teeth models, which were fixed and adjusted in a semi‐adjustable articulator. All splints were bonded with composite resin on the labial surfaces of the maxillary central incisors, the lateral incisors and the canine teeth, simulating trauma to the 11. The groups were divided according to the type of splint: control—without splint; rigid—brackets and 0.021 × 0.025 inch stainless steel wire; semi‐rigid—brackets and 0.016 × 0.016 inch cobalt‐chromium wire; fiber—fiberglass ribbon; and flexible—nylon thread. The groups were submitted to an occlusal force in a special device attached to a universal test machine in balanced, protrusive, and lateral occlusions. Then, the incisal edge of the 11 was ground to simulate infra‐occlusion, and the tests were performed again. Five points were analyzed around tooth 11 with a polariscope, and the data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests at a 5% level of significance.ResultsWhen centric occlusion was analyzed by comparing normal occlusion to infra‐occlusion, all groups showed high stress values in infra‐occlusion with statistical differences—except for the control group. When lateral occlusion was analyzed, the nylon splint showed lower statistical differences compared with the control, fiberglass, and rigid splint groups, which did not differ between each other. The semi‐rigid splint did not differ from any group.ConclusionsFiberglass and semi‐rigid splints showed better stress distribution around the traumatized tooth under occlusal loads. The nylon splint showed characteristics of non‐stress distribution.
Effects of different splinting times on surgically extruded teeth with a crown‐root fracture: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mohamed Maii , Moheb Dalia , Waly Nevine , Abdalsamad Ahmad , Elkhadem Ahmed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/AimClinical studies evaluating the splinting time for surgically extruded teeth with crown‐root fractures are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare 2‐week splinting versus functional splinting times after surgical extrusion.Material and methodsChildren aged 8‐13 years who presented with crown‐root fractures were included. Surgical extrusion was performed, and teeth were splinted either for 2 weeks or until normal Periotest values were achieved (functional splinting time). The outcome measures were tooth mobility, tooth loss, root resorption, marginal bone resorption and ankylosis. Measurements were taken at baseline, weekly after splint removal, and after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months.ResultsNineteen patients were included in the analysis. Surgically extruded teeth splinted for 2 weeks showed significantly higher mobility directly after splint removal and at 1 month after splinting compared with the functional splinting time group. The mean differences for horizontal Periotest values were 14.96 (95% confidence interval: 8.52, 21.39) and 6.63 (95% confidence interval: 0.25, 13), respectively. The vertical Periotest values were 10.47 (95% confidence interval: 1.95, 18.99) and 4.81 (95% confidence interval: −1.57, 11.18), respectively. At the 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up intervals, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. One tooth in the 2‐week splinting group was lost. None of the teeth had ankylosis, marginal bone resorption or root resorption.ConclusionsAlthough both groups showed neither statistical nor clinically significant differences after 12 months, there was a significant difference immediately after splint removal, with greater tooth mobility in the 2‐week splinting group. Thus, a functional splinting time (4‐6 weeks) can be suggested for better healing and optimal stability to allow placement of the final restoration directly after splint removal.
Carbon‐doped fused silica glass
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Rezikyan Aram , Liu Xinyuan , Cai Ling , Carapella Anthony , Stone Jeffery S. , LeBlond Nicolas , Gu Yunfeng , Li Ming‐Jun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCarbon‐doped fused silica glass is fabricated by consolidating zinc stearate‐doped porous silica soot blank. The carbon doping concentration is tunable and a maximum of ~0.3 wt% carbon can be incorporated into densified silica. Carbon dopants assemble into nanorod structures which are uniformly distributed inside glass. Transmission electron microscopy electron energy loss spectroscopy and Raman studies identify that carbon dopants are a mixture of nanosized silicon carbide and multiple layer graphene, which produce strong and flat optical absorption in a wide wavelength range of 400‐2500 nm. The electrical resistivity of silica glass is reduced by about 15 orders of magnitude with 0.28 wt% carbon doping.
Understanding how personhood impacts consumers’ feelings of safety in acute mental health units: a qualitative study
Authors: Cutler Natalie Ann , Sim Jenny , Halcomb Elizabeth , Stephens Moira , Moxham Lorna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBeing admitted to an acute mental health unit can lead to feelings of shame, and loss of personhood for some consumers. Promoting safety for consumers is a function of acute mental health units. This paper explores how consumers’ personhood influences their perception and experience of safety in acute mental health units. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants who had previously been admitted to an acute mental health unit. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Participants perceived safety as being intrinsically linked to their personhood. When participants’ innate worth was affirmed in their interactions with staff, participants felt safe. Three subthemes were identified: ‘Seen as an equal’, ‘Being respected’, and ‘Able to make choices’. These findings can be used to inform nursing practices that enhance consumers’ sense of personhood and, in so doing, promote consumers’ safety and recovery in acute mental health units.
Atrio‐ventricular synchronous pacing with a single chamber leadless pacemaker: Programming and trouble shooting for common clinical scenarios
Authors: El‐Chami Mikhael F. , Bhatia Neal K. , Merchant Faisal M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicra leadless pacemaker has progressed from a single chamber pacemaker that can deliver VVIR pacing to a pacing device that can provide atrio‐ventricular (AV) synchrony via a unique pacing algorithm that relies on identifying mechanical atrial contraction. This novel algorithm has its own limitations and intricacies. In this paper, we review this algorithm, suggest steps for troubleshooting and programming these devices and provide clinical examples of Micra AV cases that required changes in programming for adequate tracking of atrial activity.
Long‐Term Effects of Driving Skill Training on Safe Driving in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Ishii Hideaki , Doi Takehiko , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Nakakubo Sho , Kurita Satoshi , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVEA driving skill program had positive effects on safe driving performance in older adults, even those with cognitive impairment. However, the long‐term effects of the program remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine whether such effects were maintained at 1 year after the intervention in older adults with cognitive impairment who had low driving skills.DESIGNA secondary analysis of single‐blind randomized controlled trial.SETTINGCommunity setting in Japan.PARTICIPANTSCommunity‐living adults, aged 65 years or older (n = 159), with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).INTERVENTIONThe intervention group completed 10 classroom sessions of 1 hour and 10 on‐road sessions of 50 minutes, focusing on common problem areas of older drivers. The control group received one education class about safety driving.MEASUREMENTSOn‐road driving performance was assessed by certified driving school instructors in a driving school at preintervention and postintervention, and 1‐year follow‐up.RESULTSA total of 159 community‐living older drivers participated in this study and were randomized to either an intervention group (n = 71) or a control group (n = 88). One year after the intervention, 104 of 159 community‐living older drivers completed the follow‐up assessment (intervention group, n = 58). Regarding the safe driving skill score, there was a significant group × time interaction (P < .01), indicating benefits of the intervention over time. Although the intervention group showed a significant decline in the safe driving skill score from postintervention (score = 38.9 ± 46.1) to 1‐year follow‐up (score = −0.3 ± 55.2), there was a significant difference between the groups at 1‐year follow‐up (control group score = −148.5 ± 46.4) (P < .05), and between preintervention (score = −132.0 ± 54.6) and 1‐year follow‐up in the intervention group (P < .05).CONCLUSIONThe driving skill program maintained safe driving performance that had been improved by the intervention in older adults with MCI.
The change of causative pathogens in toenail onychomycosis
Authors: Akpinar Kara Yesim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundToenail dystrophies are among the most common diseases in adulthood. Onychomycosis is one of the most frequently observed infectious diseases of the nail.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fungal agents in the etiology of nail dystrophies such as discoloration, thickening, subungual hyperkeratosis, and onycholysis in toenails and to emphasize the importance of diagnosis by other laboratory confirmation tests since various nail diseases may mimic onychomycosis.Subjects and MethodsNail samples taken from 53 patients who were admitted to the dermatology clinic with the complaint of toenail disorders were examined by using potassium hydroxide mount, fungal culture, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry methods. Each nail was photographed, and descriptive analysis of the data was performed.ResultsOf 53 patients included in the study, 39 were female (73.6%) and 14 were male (26.4%). The ages of the patients ranged from 14 to 70 years, and the mean age was 37.8 years. No fungi could be isolated in 17 (32%) patients with nail dystrophy, while fungal pathogens were observed in 36 (68%) patients on potassium hydroxide mount, culture, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry examinations. Among nondermatophyte molds, Aspergillus species (52.7%) were identified as the most common fungal pathogen causing onychomycosis.ConclusionAlthough fungal pathogenic agents are mostly detected among the diseases causing color changes and deformities in the nails, it should be kept in mind that nail findings of systemic or other skin diseases may mimic onychomycosis and the diagnosis should be confirmed by laboratory tests in addition to clinical manifestations for accurate treatment.Study LimitationsOther systemic diseases causing nail dystrophy were not questioned in the study.
Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea: The combination of 0.5% brimonidine tartrate gel and broadband pulse light therapy to reverse its effects
Authors: Rusina Tatiana , Snarskaya Elena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRosacea is a common skin disease that is troublesome for both the patients and the dermatologists. Erythema, telangiectasia, papulopustular changes, and phymatous changes are the main problems faced by the patients and dermatologists in everyday practice. Due to the chronic and relapsing nature of the disease, patients are usually unsatisfied with conventional treatment methods. We report a case of a patient with rosacea, erythematotelangiectatic subtype with an eight‐year history of progressive worsening and experience of combined therapy based on the broadband pulse light and topical 0.5% brimonidine tartrate gel. The effectiveness of the therapy was evaluated using multispectral skin imaging that enables to define morphological patterns of the pathological skin areas in a real‐time mode as well as to create the map of hemoglobin distribution and to measure its concentration in the rosacea foci. In this case report, an efficacy and very good tolerability of the abovementioned treatment have been demonstrated.