bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonreciprocal Magnetic Coupling Using Nonlinear Meta‐Atoms
Authors: Zhao Xiaoguang , Wu Ke , Chen Chunxu , Bifano Thomas G. , Anderson Stephan W. , Zhang Xin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBreaking Lorentz reciprocity is fundamental to an array of functional radiofrequency (RF) and optical devices, such as isolators and circulators. The application of external excitation, such as magnetic fields and spatial–temporal modulation, has been employed to achieve nonreciprocal responses. Alternatively, nonlinear effects may also be employed to break reciprocity in a completely passive fashion. Herein, a coupled system comprised of linear and nonlinear meta‐atoms that achieves nonreciprocity based on the coupling and frequency detuning of its constituent meta‐atoms is presented. An analytical model is developed based on the coupled mode theory (CMT) in order to design and optimize the nonreciprocal meta‐atoms in this coupled system. Experimental demonstration of an RF isolator is performed, and the contrast between forward and backward propagation approximates 20 dB. Importantly, the use of the CMT model developed herein enables a generalizable capacity to predict the limitations of nonlinearity‐based nonreciprocity, thereby facilitating the development of novel approaches to breaking Lorentz reciprocity. The CMT model and implementation scheme presented in this work may be deployed in a wide range of applications, including integrated photonic circuits, optical metamaterials, and metasurfaces, among others.
Reflections of Food Policy Evolution over the Last Three Decades
Authors: Fan Shenggen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor the last three decades, food policy in developing countries has evolved rapidly from a singular focus on producing more food to broader focus on protecting natural resources, reducing poverty and malnutrition, and promoting climate adaptation and mitigation. Since receiving my PhD in the late 1980s, I have dedicated most of my research and research management to these policy issues. After 35 years aboard, I returned to my home country in 2020, where I work with my colleagues at China Agricultural University and continue to conduct policy research on transforming food systems for human and planetary health. This paper is my reflection of policy evolution over the last three decades.
Elevated mucus interleukin‐17A levels are associated with increased prior sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Chapurin Nikita , Li Ping , Chandra Rakesh K. , Turner Justin H. , Chowdhury Naweed I. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundRecent advances in molecular biology have enabled the identification of potential inflammatory endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), with prior work suggesting differential short‐term surgical outcome trajectories based on cytokine signatures. However, there is a paucity of data assessing long‐term treatment failure and need for revision surgery based on inflammatory biomarkers.MethodsRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected cross‐sectional data from 231 patients electing surgical therapy for CRS. Intraoperative mucus specimens were quantitatively sampled for inflammatory cytokines using a multiplex flow cytometric bead assay. Univariate Spearman correlations between cytokine levels and prior number of surgeries were assessed. A stepwise adjusted multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used to model patient‐reported prior sinus surgery counts as a function of cytokine levels.ResultsSeveral cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐13, IL‐17A, tumor necrosis factor α [TNF‐α], interferon γ [IFN‐γ], and eotaxin) demonstrated significant positive correlations with number of prior surgeries. However, only higher IL‐17A levels were independently associated with a higher number of prior sinus surgeries (β = 0.345, p = 0.0003) after adjusting for the significant covariates of age (β = 0.018, p = 0.0036), Lund‐Mackay score (β = –0.046, p = 0.02), history of aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (β = 1.01, p < 0.0001) and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (β = 1.08, p < 0.0001). Higher levels of regulated on activation, normal T‐cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were conversely associated with a lower number of prior surgeries (β = –0.17, p = 0.048).ConclusionAn IL‐17A–predominant cytokine profile is linked to an increased number of prior sinus surgeries. Thus, type 3 inflammatory markers may indicate a particularly difficult‐to‐treat, recalcitrant CRS endotype.
Regiodivergente C‐H‐ und decarboxylierende C‐C‐Alkylierung mittels Rutheniumkatalyse: ortho‐ versus meta‐Regioselektivität
Authors: Korvorapun Korkit , Moselage Marc , Struwe Julia , Rogge Torben , Messinis Antonis M. , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRuthenium(II)biscarboxylat‐Komplexe ermöglichten eine selektive Alkylierung von C‐H‐ und C‐C‐Bindungen in der ortho‐ und der meta‐Position. ortho‐C‐H‐Alkyierungen wurden dabei mit 4‐, 5‐ sowie 6‐gliedrigen Halocycloalkanen erzielt. Darüber hinaus erlaubte eine wohlüberlegte Wahl der dirigierenden Gruppe eine volle Kontrolle über die ortho‐/meta‐Selektivität. Detaillierte mechanistische Studien durch Experimente und Berechnungen wurden durchgeführt und lieferten Hinweise für einen Verlauf über oxidative Addition/reduktive Eliminierung für ortho‐Alkylierungen, während eine homolytische C‐X‐Spaltung für die meta‐selektiven Reaktionen ablief.
Through‐Space Charge‐Transfer Polynorbornenes with Fixed and Controllable Spatial Alignment of Donor and Acceptor for High‐Efficiency Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Li Qiang , Hu Jun , Lv Jianhong , Wang Xingdong , Shao Shiyang , Wang Lixiang , Jing Xiabin , Wang Fosong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThrough‐space charge transfer polynorbornenes with fixed and controllable spatial alignment of donor and acceptor in edge‐to‐face/face‐to‐face stacking patterns are developed for achieving high‐efficiency blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The alignment is realized by using the cis, exo‐configuration of norbornene to confine donor and acceptor in close proximity, and utilizing orthogonal and dendritic structures of donors to provide either perpendicular or parallel stacking motif relative to acceptors. Compared to edge‐to‐face counterparts, polynorbornenes with face‐to‐face aligned donor and acceptor exhibit much larger oscillator strength and higher photoluminescence quantum yield. The resulting polymers exhibit deep blue (422 nm) to sky blue (482 nm) emission and TADF effect with reverse intersystem crossing rates of 0.4–5.9×106 s−1, giving the maximum external quantum efficiency of 18.8 % for non‐doped blue organic light‐emitting diodes by solution process.
Catalytic Oxidation of CO on a Curved Pt(111) Surface: Simultaneous Ignition at All Facets through a Transient CO‐O Complex**
Authors: Garcia‐Martinez Fernando , García‐Fernández Carlos , Simonovis Juan Pablo , Hunt Adrian , Walter Andrew , Waluyo Iradwikanari , Bertram Florian , Merte Lindsay R. , Shipilin Mikhail , Pfaff Sebastian , Blomberg Sara , Zetterberg Johan , Gustafson Johan , Lundgren Edvin , Sánchez‐Portal Daniel , Schiller Frederik , Ortega J. Enrique 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe catalytic oxidation of CO on transition metals, such as Pt, is commonly viewed as a sharp transition from the CO‐inhibited surface to the active metal, covered with O. However, we find that minor amounts of O are present in the CO‐poisoned layer that explain why, surprisingly, CO desorbs at stepped and flat Pt crystal planes at once, regardless of the reaction conditions. Using near‐ambient pressure X‐ray photoemission and a curved Pt(111) crystal we probe the chemical composition at surfaces with variable step density during the CO oxidation reaction. Analysis of C and O core levels across the curved crystal reveals that, right before light‐off, subsurface O builds up within (111) terraces. This is key to trigger the simultaneous ignition of the catalytic reaction at different Pt surfaces: a CO‐Pt‐O complex is formed that equals the CO chemisorption energy at terraces and steps, leading to the abrupt desorption of poisoning CO from all crystal facets at the same temperature.
Cooperative NHC and Photoredox Catalysis for the Synthesis of β‐Trifluoromethylated Alkyl Aryl Ketones
Authors: Meng Qing‐Yuan , Döben Nadine , Studer Armido 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite the great potential of radical chemistry in organic synthesis, N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed reactions involving radical intermediates are not well explored. This communication reports the three‐component coupling of aroyl fluorides, styrenes and the Langlois reagent (CF3SO2Na) to give various β‐trifluoromethylated alkyl aryl ketones with good functional group tolerance in moderate to high yields by cooperative photoredox/NHC catalysis. The alkene acyltrifluoromethylation proceeds via radical/radical cross coupling of ketyl radicals with benzylic C‐radicals. The ketyl radicals are generated via SET reduction of in situ formed acylazolium ions whereas the benzylic radicals derive from trifluoromethyl radical addition onto styrenes.
Optimum liquid filling capacity and explosion limits of naphthalene gravity heat pipes
Authors: Yan Dawei , Li Meng , Zou Linjiang , Gu Mingyan , Liu Miaomiao , Wang Mingming , Zhu Bencheng , Wang Fulin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, naphthalene heat pipes were produced and filled with different materials to test the heat transfer performance. The relationship between the pipes' diameters, liquid content, wall temperature distribution, and transmission power was studied. An explosion test was designed to assess the operating temperature limit of the naphthalene heat pipes. The results demonstrated an optimum filling amount to optimize the pipes' heat transfer performance. In practical applications, it is very important to strictly control the wall temperature of naphthalene heat pipes. When the wall temperature of the evaporation section reaches approximately 600°C, they can easily explode.
Conjectures on optimal nested generalized group testing algorithm
Authors: Malinovsky Yaakov 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConsider a finite population of N items, where item i has a probability pi to be defective. The goal is to identify all items by means of group testing. This is the generalized group testing problem (hereafter GGTP). In the case of p1 = … = pN = p, Yao and Hwang (1990) proved that the pairwise testing algorithm is the optimal nested algorithm, with respect to the expected number of tests, for all N if and only if (R‐range hereafter) (an optimal at the boundary values). In this note, we present a result that helps to define the generalized pairwise testing algorithm (hereafter GPTA) for the GGTP. We present two conjectures: (a) when all pi,i = 1,…,N belong to the R‐range, GPTA is the optimal procedure among nested procedures applied to pi of nondecreasing order; and (b) if all pi,i = 1,…,N belong to the R‐range, GPTA is the optimal nested procedure, that is, minimizes the expected total number of tests with respect to all possible testing orders in the class of nested procedures. Although these conjectures are logically reasonable, we were only able to empirically verify the first one up to a particular level of N. We also provide a short survey of GGTP.
Maternal risk associated with theVACTERLassociation: A case–control study
Authors: van de Putte Romy , de Walle Hermien E. K. , van Hooijdonk Kirsten J. M. , de Blaauw Ivo , Marcelis Carlo L. M. , van Heijst Arno , Giltay Jacques C. , Renkema Kirsten Y. , Broens Paul M. A. , Brosens Erwin , Sloots Cornelius E. J. , Bergman Jorieke E. H. , Roeleveld Nel , van Rooij Iris A. L. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe VACTERL association (VACTERL) includes at least three of these congenital anomalies: vertebral, anal, cardiac, trachea‐esophageal, renal, and limb anomalies. Assisted reproductive techniques (ART), pregestational diabetes mellitus, and chronic lower obstructive pulmonary disorders (CLOPD) have been associated with VACTERL. We aimed to replicate these findings and were interested in additional maternal risk factors.MethodsA case–control study using self‐administered questionnaires was performed including 142 VACTERL cases and 2,135 population‐based healthy controls. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate confounder adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).ResultsParents who used invasive ART had an increased risk of VACTERL in offspring (aOR 4.4 [95%CI 2.1–8.8]), whereas the increased risk for mothers with CLOPD could not be replicated. None of the case mothers had pregestational diabetes mellitus. Primiparity (1.5 [1.1–2.1]) and maternal pregestational overweight and obesity (1.8 [1.2–2.8] and 1.8 [1.0–3.4]) were associated with VACTERL. Consistent folic acid supplement use during the advised periconceptional period may reduce the risk of VACTERL (0.5 [0.3–1.0]). Maternal smoking resulted in an almost twofold increased risk of VACTERL.ConclusionWe identified invasive ART, primiparity, pregestational overweight and obesity, lack of folic acid supplement use, and smoking as risk factors for VACTERL.
Investigating challenges with scattering and inner filter effects in front‐face fluorescence by PARAFAC
Authors: Bevilacqua Marta , Rinnan Åsmund , Lund Marianne N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe use of front‐face fluorescence spectroscopy, and three‐way chemometric analysis (like PARAllel FACtor analysis, PARAFAC), has been successfully applied for the analysis of unpretreated samples in the fields of food and environmental analysis. It would be desirable to evaluate the potential of this approach for the analysis of any real sample in any field of research. Even in the simplest of the real samples acquired with front‐face, the presence of scattering and inner filter effects will occur, potentially hampering the subsequent data analysis due to deviations from Beer‐Lambert's law. This paper addresses these concerns in practice, proposing a strategy of spectral preprocessing to mitigate these effects. This is done by measuring several data sets with different levels of scattering and inner filter effects by fluorescence in excitation‐emission mode. The results show that the occurrence of these interferents (sometimes neglected with front‐face mode) affects the fluorescence signal and interferes with any traditional analysis on these data, as much as they hamper the successful use of methods like PARAFAC. The proposed preprocessing strategy is based on one of the most traditional correction for the inner filter effect with right‐angle mode. However, we suggest applying a tunable factor, b, that will account for the degree of deviation from linearity between concentration of a given analyte and its fluorescence signal. It is demonstrated that by choosing a proper b‐value, this correction helps in finding an acceptable solution for the PARAFAC algorithm, in line with Beer‐Lambert's law.
Hybrid White‐Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on a Blue Cationic Iridium(III) Complex and Red Quantum Dots
Authors: Tang Ya‐Han , Chiu Yi‐Chan , Luo Dian , Lien Jiun‐Yi , Yi Rong‐Huei , Lin Ching‐Hsuan , Yang Zu‐Po , Lu Chin‐Wei , Su Hai‐Ching 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSolid‐state white light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) show promising advantages of simple solution fabrication processes, low operation voltage, and compatibility with air‐stable cathode metals, which are required for lighting applications. To date, white LECs based on ionic transition metal complexes (iTMCs) have shown higher device efficiencies than white LECs employing other types of materials. However, lower emission efficiencies of red iTMCs limit further improvement in device performance. As an alternative, efficient red CdZnSeS/ZnS core/shell quantum dots were integrated with a blue iTMC to form a hybrid white LEC in this work. By achieving good carrier balance in an appropriate device architecture, a peak external quantum efficiency and power efficiency of 11.2 % and 15.1 lm W−1, respectively, were reached. Such device efficiency is indeed higher than those of the reported white LECs based on host–guest iTMCs. Time‐ and voltage‐dependent electroluminescence (EL) characteristics of the hybrid white LECs were studied by means of the temporal evolution of the emission‐zone position extracted by fitting the simulated and measured EL spectra. The working principle of the hybrid white LECs was clarified, and the high device efficiency makes potential new white‐emitting devices suitable for solid‐state lighting technology possible.
Light‐Activated Carbon Monoxide Prodrugs Based on Bipyridyl Dicarbonyl Ruthenium(II) Complexes
Authors: Geri Stepan , Krunclova Tereza , Janouskova Olga , Panek Jiri , Hruby Martin , Hernández‐Valdés Daniel , Probst Benjamin , Alberto Roger A. , Mamat Constantin , Kubeil Manja , Stephan Holger 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo photoactivatable dicarbonyl ruthenium(II) complexes based on an amide‐functionalised bipyridine scaffold (4‐position) equipped with an alkyne functionality or a green‐fluorescent BODIPY (boron‐dipyrromethene) dye have been prepared and used to investigate their light‐induced decarbonylation. UV/Vis, FTIR and13C NMR spectroscopies as well as gas chromatography and multivariate curve resolution alternating least‐squares analysis (MCR‐ALS) were used to elucidate the mechanism of the decarbonylation process. Release of the first CO molecule occurs very quickly, while release of the second CO molecule proceeds more slowly. In vitro studies using two cell lines A431 (human squamous carcinoma) and HEK293 (human embryonic kidney cells) have been carried out in order to characterise the anti‐proliferative and anti‐apoptotic activities. The BODIPY‐labelled compound allows for monitoring the cellular uptake, showing fast internalisation kinetics and accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
Harnessing emerging paradigms in chemical engineering to accelerate the development of pharmaceutical products
Authors: Raghavan Adhithi R. , Yadav Vikramaditya G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe advanced the concept of biosynthonics five years ago as a solution for resuscitating the productivity of small‐molecule drug pipelines across the pharmaceutical industry. Biosynthonics employs metagenomics and metabolic engineering to mine pharmacoactive structures that are otherwise beyond the reach of synthesis platforms that are currently utilized for drug discovery and lead optimization. Biosynthonics can be harnessed to generate unprecedented quantities of truly novel pharmacoactive structures, which, in turn, can have a game changing effect on the productivity and success rate of drug discovery and early clinical testing in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the impact of biosynthonics on the productivity and cost of product development is somewhat constrained owing to pervading inefficiencies in other parts of the drug discovery and development workflow. Herein, we update our vision for improving the productivity and diminishing the cost of drug discovery and development. Although biosynthonics remains a key piece in our strategy, we discuss how its integration with emerging paradigms in chemical engineering such as information science and materials science, as well as innovations in pharmaceutical manufacturing will drive the next generation of projects in the pharmaceutical industry. In many regards, our updated vision is more pragmatic and leverages the competencies of the pharmaceutical industry more effectively. We have already implemented this vision in our laboratory and early results have been very encouraging. Some of these examples have been detailed in the current work.
An intrusion detection algorithm based on bag representation with ensemble support vector machine in cloud computing
Authors: Wei Jinxia , Long Chun , Li Jiawei , Zhao Jing 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe increase of security incidents brings a challenge to the cloud computing security. Intrusion detection technologies have been applied to protect information in cloud from being compromised, and complicated learning‐based detection methods have been used to improve the performance of intrusion detection systems. Higher quality and well‐formed samples are crucial to the performance of detection algorithm. Therefore, we mainly study the intrusion detection model based on data optimization processing. In this article, we establish an intrusion detection algorithm based on ensemble support vector machine with bag representation. Specifically, the sample flows are divided into bags, where the sample flows in each bag are related to each other. Each bag contains multiple related data flows that can accurately reflect intrusion behavior, especially persistent intrusion. What's more, ensemble algorithm is applied to detection model, which greatly optimizes the performance of detection algorithm. The experimental results on open access datasets show that the proposed model detects the persistent attack with 90.58% recall.
Socially responsible investing worldwide: Do markets value corporate social responsibility?
Authors: Badía Guillermo , Cortez Maria C. , Ferruz Luis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study examines the performance of socially responsible stock portfolios based on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings in four regions: North America, Europe, Japan, and Asia Pacific. Our findings reveal that the financial impact of socially responsible investing is geographically dependent, varies over time, and relies on the screening dimension considered. Our results support the errors‐in‐expectations hypothesis in the European and Japanese markets, but any mispricing of socially responsible stocks faded over time as markets become aware of the financial implications of corporate social responsibility. In the Asia Pacific market, the results are consistent with the shunned‐stock hypothesis. Furthermore, the results suggest that ESG value‐relevant information is properly valued in North America. Overall, we conclude that different markets have gone through different stages with regard to their understanding of the impact of sustainable practices on firm valuations.
Social determinants of sustainability: The imprinting effect of social class background on corporate environmental responsibility
Authors: Niu Zhiyong , Zhou Xiaoyan , Pei Hongzhou 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUsing a large sample of 10,668 small‐ and medium‐sized private Chinese enterprises over the 2006–2014 period, this study investigates the effect of the social class background of entrepreneurs on firm corporate environmental responsibility (CER) activities. The research question is developed using the concepts of imprinting theory. We measure the social class background of entrepreneurs as the level of occupational prestige held by the individual prior to starting a business. Results show that entrepreneurs drawn from the upper and lower social classes show a preference for the pursuit of environmental governance investment strategies. Moderating influences based on political capital and institutional environment are also explored. The theory and findings highlight that the social class background of entrepreneurs has a lasting and varying impact on the CER activities of a firm. The results are robust to a variety of sensitivity tests. The study extends our understanding of how and why enterprise CER behaviour varies, particularly in the context of Chinese private firms, and offers important implications for the task of sustainable development by enterprises.