bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable p‐to‐n Type Conductance Transition in Top‐Gated Graphene Field Effect Transistor by Interface Trap Engineering
Authors: Peng Songang , Jin Zhi , Yao Yao , Huang Xinnan , Zhang Dayong , Niu Jiebin , Shi Jingyuan , Zhang Yanhui , Yu Guanghui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractModulating the electronic property of graphene by doping is essential for its device and circuit applications. Unfortunately, controllable p‐ and n‐type doping in top‐gated graphene field effect transistor (GFET) is reported. Here, the O3‐based atomic layer deposited Al2O3 layer as top gate dielectric is chosen. The epoxide functional group formed in the O3 process serves as effective interface trap sites. As the sweeping range of top gate voltage increases, the Dirac point position of GFET moves from positive voltage to negative voltage. The shift of the Dirac point voltage indicates the doping transition of graphene from p‐type to n‐type. The gate voltage dependent doping can be attributed to the charge exchange between graphene and interface trap sites. Furthermore, a trap‐dependent charge model is proposed to explain the transport mechanism in the doping process. This approach is promising to produce the complementary p‐ and n‐type top‐gated GFET for multiple applications.
Residency Leadership Lessons From the Epicenter of the COVID‐19 Surge
Authors: Rabin Elaine , Willis James , Alexander Dorian , Steinberg Eric , Chung Arlene , Kulkarni Miriam , He Chen , Parikh Saumil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEmergency medicine residency program directors (PDs) in areas hit hardest by the initial U.S. COVID‐19 pandemic surge faced novel and rapidly evolving organizational, educational, and resident wellness challenges. Despite variations in residency size, hospital setting, and patient population, PDs from eight residencies in “the epicenter” found uniformity in many of the lessons learned. Here we present those lessons and suggestions for high‐yield preparation for running a residency during a surge. Of particular importance were frequent, transparent communication and stepwise staffing plans. Illness of residents and other staff occurred early and were substantially reduced as personal protective equipment protocols tightened. Wellness was compromised by anxiety and illness, with varying timelines. New, rich educational opportunities emerged. All programs declared ACGME pandemic status but remained able to maintain some educational offerings. Planning ahead for future surges can significantly reduce the real‐time burden for residency leadership, which is particularly important as clinical demands on leadership may also increase with a surge.
Daratumumab‐lenalidomide‐dexamethasone vs standard‐of‐care regimens: Efficacy in transplant‐ineligible untreated myeloma
Authors: Durie Brian G. M. , Kumar Shaji K. , Usmani Saad Z. , Nonyane Bareng A. S. , Ammann Eric M. , Lam Annette , Kobos Rachel , Maiese Eric M. , Facon Thierry 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDaratumumab in combination with lenalidomide‐dexamethasone (D‐Rd) recently received FDA approval for the treatment of transplant‐ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). The present PEGASUS study compared progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients treated with D‐Rd in the MAIA trial and patients treated with common standard‐of‐care regimens from the Flatiron Health electronic health record‐derived deidentified database, which has data from patients treated primarily at community‐based oncology practices in the United States. Individual‐level patient data from both data sources were used to perform an anchored indirect treatment comparison (ITC) of D‐Rd to bortezomib‐lenalidomide‐dexamethasone (VRd) and bortezomib‐dexamethasone (Vd); lenalidomide‐dexamethasone (Rd) was the common anchor for the ITC. Hazard ratios (HRs) reflecting direct comparisons of PFS within MAIA (D‐Rd vs Rd) and Flatiron Health (VRd vs Rd; Vd vs Rd) were used to make ITCs for D‐Rd vs VRd and Vd, respectively. After application of MAIA inclusion/exclusion criteria and propensity‐score weighting, the Flatiron Health patients resembled the MAIA trial population on measured baseline characteristics. Based on the direct comparison within MAIA, treatment with D‐Rd was associated with a significantly lower risk of progression or death compared to Rd (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.42, 0.71). Based on the ITCs, D‐Rd was associated with a significantly lower risk of progression or death compared to VRd (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.48, 0.98) and Vd (HR 0.48; 95% CI 0.33, 0.69). In the absence of head‐to‐head trials comparing D‐Rd to VRd or Vd, the present ITC may help inform treatment selection in transplant‐ineligible patients with NDMM.
Cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas: 2021 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Hristov Alexandra C. , Tejasvi Trilokraj , Wilcox Ryan A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDisease OverviewApproximately one‐fourth of primary cutaneous lymphomas are B‐cell derived and are generally classified into three distinct subgroups: primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL), primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL), and primary cutaneous diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL, LT).DiagnosisDiagnosis and disease classification is based on histopathologic review and immunohistochemical staining of an appropriate skin biopsy. Pathologic review and an appropriate staging evaluation are necessary to distinguish primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas from systemic B‐cell lymphomas with secondary skin involvement.Risk‐StratificationDisease histopathology remains the most important prognostic determinant in primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas. Both PCFCL and PCMZL are indolent lymphomas that infrequently disseminate to extracutaneous sites and are associated with 5‐year survival rates that exceed 95%. In contrast, PCDLBCL, LT is an aggressive lymphoma with an inferior prognosis.Risk‐Adapted TherapyBoth PCFCL and PCMZL patients with solitary or relatively few skin lesions may be effectively managed with local radiation therapy. While single‐agent rituximab may be employed for patients with more widespread skin involvement, multi‐agent chemotherapy is rarely appropriate. In contrast, management of patients with PCDLBCL, LT is comparable to the management of patients with systemic DLBCL.
The deregulation of NOTCH pathway, inflammatory cytokines, and keratinization genes in two Dowling–Degos disease patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Cortez Cardoso Penha Ricardo , Cortez de Almeida Rita Fernanda , Câmara Mariz Juliana , Brewer Lisboa Lilian , do Nascimento Barbosa Lívia , Souto da Silva Roberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDowling–Degos disease (DDD) is a rare autosomal‐dominant genodermatosis and it has been associated with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Deregulation of NOTCH pathway has been linked to the development of HS in DDD context (DDD‐HS). However, molecular alterations in DDD‐HS, including altered gene expression of NOTCH and downstream effectors that are involved in the follicular differentiation and inflammatory response, are poorly defined. We report two cases of patients diagnosed with DDD‐HS, one of those, under Adalimumab treatment. Our results have shown downregulation of NOTCH1/NCSTN pathway, distinct molecular profiles of inflammatory cytokines (IL23A and TNF), and a novel aberrant upregulation of genes involved in the cornified envelope (CE) formation (SPRR1B, SPRR2D, SPRR3, and IVL) in paired HS lesions of two DDD patients.
Adult phenotype of the homozygous missense mutation c.655G>A, p.Gly219Arg in SLC13A5: A case report
Authors: Arvio Maria , Lähdetie Jaana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHomozygous recessive or compound heterozygous mutations in SLC13A5‐gene as a cause of Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy subtype 25 (OMIM 615905) were published in 2014. Previous clinical reports describe young patients, aged <34 years. We describe 54‐ and 56‐year‐old siblings and show that the disorder linked to SLC13A5 is not just a pediatric problem but may affect the patient for decades resulting in profound intellectual disability, severe motor handicap, and abnormal electroencephalography without active epilepsy. Other diagnostic hints in adults are small size, spasticity and severe abrasion due to amelogenesis imperfecta of the hypoplastic type.
Genetic feedback for psychiatric conditions: Where are we now and where are we going
Authors: Driver Morgan N. , Kuo Sally I‐Chun , Dick Danielle M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies are rapidly advancing our understanding of the genetic architecture of complex disorders, including many psychiatric conditions such as major depression, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. One common goal of genome‐wide association studies is to use findings for enhanced clinical prediction in the future, which can aid in identifying at‐risk individuals to enable more effective prevention screening and treatment strategies. In order to achieve this goal, we first need to gain a better understanding of the issues surrounding the return of complex genetic results. In this article, we summarize the current literature on: (a) genetic literacy in the general population, (b) the public's interest in receiving genetic test results for psychiatric conditions, (c) how individuals react to and interpret their genotypic information for specific psychiatric conditions, and (d) gaps in our knowledge that will be critical to address as we move toward returning genotypic information for psychiatric conditions in both research and clinical settings. By reviewing extant studies, we aim to increase awareness of the potential benefits and consequences of returning genotypic information for psychiatric conditions.
Insertion sites in manual proximal phalanges of African apes and modern humans
Authors: Bucchi Ana , Luengo Javier , Del Bove Antonietta , Lorenzo Carlos 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to describe the insertion sites of the ligaments holding theflexor digitorum profundusandsuperficialismuscles (flexor ridges) in proximal phalanges 2–5 of African apes and modern humans. To interpret differences in flexor ridge size based on general behavioral differences among taxa.Materials and methodsWe analyzed 3D models of manual proximal phalanges 2–5 from 29 gorillas (Gorilla beringeiandGorilla gorilla), 30 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)and 36 recent modern humans. Flexor ridges (mm2) were compared within and across genera.ResultsGorillas and chimpanzees had larger flexor ridges for phalanges 2–4 than humans and this difference subsists when controlling for body size. Each genus had a unique insertion size pattern across the digits, with the most heterogeneous pattern found in chimpanzees, followed by humans, and lastly gorillas. These patterns corresponded strongly to the differences in the size of the phalanges within each genus, except for phalanx 5 in humans, which had a larger flexor ridge than expected.DiscussionWhen comparing these genera, the flexor ridges signal differences between taxa that use their hands for manipulation and locomotion (gorillas and chimpanzees) and taxa that use them exclusively for manipulation (humans). This functional signal was also apparent in the PP5 of humans, whose larger FR may be indicating the high recruitment of this digit during forceful precision grip characteristic of humans.
Exposure to interpersonal racism and avoidance behaviours reported by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with a disability
Authors: Temple Jeromey B. , Wong Heather , Ferdinand Angeline , Avery Scott , Paradies Yin , Kelaher Margaret 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, this paper examines exposure to interpersonal racism and avoidance reported by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with disabilities. We find that in 2014–2015, 32 per cent of people aged 15–64 without a disability experienced racism compared with 42 per cent of those with a disability. Half of those living with an intellectual or psychological disability reported racism, and about 20 per cent of those with any disability avoided settings such as healthcare, education or the general public due to past instances of racism, relative to 11 per cent of those without a disability. After adjusting for confounding factors and complex survey design, presence of a disability was associated with a 1.6–1.8 odds increase in exposure to racism, more frequent racist exposure and avoidance. Disability was further associated with an approximate doubling of the odds of reporting multi‐context avoidance and the likelihood of reporting both racism and avoidance in tandem. Severity of disability, higher numbers of disabling conditions and specific disability types were associated with increased odds of racism and avoidance. Independent of these effects, removal from one's natural family and identifying with homelands was strongly associated with racism and avoidance.
Does phenotypic expression of bitter taste receptor T2R38 show association with COVID‐19 severity?
Authors: Barham Henry P. , Taha Mohamed A. , Hall Christian A. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome‒associated coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been identified as the pathogen causing the outbreak of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) commencing in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Multiple reports have shown subjective loss of taste and smell as an early and hallmark symptom for COVID‐19.MethodsA retrospective study was performed in our clinical practice during July 2020 on patients positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 via polymerase chain reaction. All patients were categorized into 3 groups (supertasters, tasters, and nontasters) via taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide, thiourea, and sodium benzoate with taste strip testing. The results of the taste strip tests were correlated with clinical course.ResultsA total of 100 patients (mean, 51 [range, 24‐82] years of age; 44 [44%] women) were assessed. We found that 21 of 100 (21%) were nontasters, 79 of 100 (79%) were tasters, and 0 of 100 (0%) were supertasters (p < 0.001). Twenty‐one of 21 (100%) (p < 0.001) of the patients requiring inpatient admission were classified as nontasters. All 79 (100%) (p < 0.001) of the patients who displayed mild to moderate symptoms not requiring admission were classified as tasters.ConclusionOur results show objective data that taste disturbance, specifically global loss of taste, appears to correlate with the clinical course specific to each individual, because 100% of the patients requiring inpatient admission were classified as nontasters.
Validation of chief complaints, medical history, medications, and physician diagnoses structured with an integrated emergency department information system in Japan: the Next Stage ER system
Authors: Goto Tadahiro , Hara Konan , Hashimoto Katsuhiko , Soeno Shoko , Shirakawa Toru , Sonoo Tomohiro , Nakamura Kensuke 
Published: August 2020

AimEmergency department information systems (EDIS) facilitate free‐text data use for clinical research; however, no study has validated whether the Next Stage ER system (NSER), an EDIS used in Japan, accurately translates electronic medical records (EMRs) into structured data.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study using data from the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary care hospital from 2018 to 2019. We used EMRs of 500 random samples from 27,000 ED visits during the study period. Through the NSER system, chief complaints were translated into 231 chief complaint categories based on the Japan Triage and Acuity Scale. Medical history and physician’s diagnoses were encoded using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision; medications were encoded as Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System codes. Two reviewers independently reviewed 20 items (e.g., presence of fever) for each study component (e.g., chief complaints). We calculated association measures of the structured data by the NSER system, using the chart review results as the gold standard.ResultsSensitivities were very high (>90%) in 17 chief complaints. Positive predictive values were high for 14 chief complaints (≥80%). Negative predictive values were ≥96% for all chief complaints. For medical history and medications, most of the association measures were very high (>90%). For physicians’ ED diagnoses, sensitivities were very high (>93%) in 16 diagnoses; specificities and negative predictive values were very high (>97%).ConclusionsChief complaints, medical history, medications, and physician’s ED diagnoses in EMRs were well‐translated into existing categories or coding by the NSER system.
Collective Attack and Improvement on “Mediated Semi‐Quantum Key Distribution Using Single Photons”
Authors: Lu Yu‐Chin , Tsai Chia‐Wei , Hwang Tzonelih 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLin et al. proposed a mediated semi‐quantum key distribution protocol in 2019. This study shows that Lin et al.'s protocol has a security loophole that could mount to the collective attack to reveal some information about the secret key without being detected. To overcome this problem, an improved protocol is proposed and its security is proven.
Molecular Crystal Microcapsules: Formation of Sealed Hollow Chambers via Surfactant‐Mediated Growth
Authors: Tong Fei , Li Wangxiang , Li Zhiwei , Islam Imadul , Al‐Kaysi Rabih O. , Bardeen Christopher J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHollow organic molecular cocrystals comprised of 9‐methylanthracene‐1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene (9MA‐TCNB) and naphthalene‐1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene (NAPH‐TCNB) were fabricated using a surfactant‐mediated co‐reprecipitation method. The crystals exhibit a narrow size distribution that can be easily tuned by varying the concentration of surfactant and incubation temperature. The rectangular crystals possess symmetrical twinned cavities with an estimated storage volume on the order of 10−10 L. An aqueous dye solution can be incorporated into the cavities during crystal growth and stored inside for up to several hours, confirming the sealed nature of the hollow chambers. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to harness non‐classical crystal growth to fabricate organic molecular crystals with novel topologies.
Covalent 2D‐Engineering of Graphene by Spatially Resolved Laser Writing/Reading/Erasing
Authors: Edelthalhammer Konstantin Felix , Dasler Daniela , Jurkiewicz Lisa , Nagel Tamara , Al‐Fogra Sabrin , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report a facile and efficient method for the covalent 2D‐patterning of monolayer graphene via laser irradiation. We utilized the photo‐cleavage of dibenzoylperoxide (DBPO) and optimized the subsequent radical additions to non‐activated graphene up to that level where controlled covalent 2D‐patterning of graphene initiated by spatially resolved laser writing is possible. The covalent 2D‐functionalization of graphene, which is monitored by scanning Raman microscopy (SRM) is completely reversible. This new concept enables write/read/erase control over the covalent chemical information stored on the graphene surface.
Chemical Profiling of Bosana Virgin Olive Oils Produced in Different Areas of Sardinia
Authors: Morrone Lucia , Vagnoni Enrico , Virgilio Nicola Di , Neri Luisa , Rapparini Francesca , Bertazza Gianpaolo , Duce Pierpaolo , Rotondi Annalisa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn a 3‐year study, the chemical compositions of extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) of Bosana variety deriving from three different growing areas in Northern Sardinia were characterized, together with the pedo‐climatic conditions of the three different growing areas, to gauge any differences at the chemical level. The main chemical differences in the oils from the three‐studied areas were recorded in the fatty acid profiles [palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acid; sum of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids]: these dissimilarities were ascribable to the environmental characteristics of the Alghero area, while others analytical parameters such as tocopherols, pigments, phenolic, and volatile compounds were not affected by production area. Fatty acids profile revealed a clear relation with temperature at a mesoclimate level, allowing a clusterization of the production areas. Our study provided evidences that pedo‐climatic factors affect the quality of EVOO; in particular, in the case of Bosana cultivar the acidic fraction resulted one of the main traits differentiating the olive growing areas.
Guidelines in Practice: Sterilization Packaging Systems
Authors: Link Terri 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTSterile processing personnel use sterilization packaging systems to sterilize reusable medical devices and protect them from contamination until perioperative nurses deliver the items to the sterile field. The AORN “Guideline for sterilization packaging systems” provides guidance for evaluating and selecting appropriate packaging systems based on compatibility with the items to be sterilized and the sterilization method, preparing items for sterilization, and verifying achievement of sterilization parameters. This article discusses the guideline recommendations for selecting and using packaging systems and educating personnel about their use. A scenario provides an example in which a perioperative educator uses an audit tool to determine sterile processing and perioperative team members’ educational needs related to packaging systems and to evaluate the outcomes after an education session and competency verification activities. Perioperative RNs should review the entire guideline for additional information and guidance when creating and updating policies and procedures on use of sterilization packaging systems.
Can drifting objects drive the movements of a vulnerable pelagic shark?
Authors: Bonnin Lucas , Lett Christophe , Dagorn Laurent , Filmalter John David , Forget Fabien , Verley Philippe , Capello Manuela 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Juvenile silky sharks (Carcharhinus falciformis) regularly associate with floating objects yet the reasons driving this behaviour remain uncertain. Understanding the proportion of time that silky sharks spend associated with floating objects is essential for assessing the impacts of the extensive use of fish aggregating devices (FADs) in the tropical tuna purse‐seine fisheries, including increased probability of incidental capture and the potential of an ecological trap.
Previous studies provided insight into the amount of time that silky sharks spent at an individual FAD but were unable to assess neither the time spent between two associations nor the proportion of time spent associated/unassociated.
The percentage of time that juvenile silky sharks spend unassociated with floating objects was estimated through the analysis of horizontal movements of 26 silky sharks monitored with pop‐up archival tags. Under the assumption that a high association rate with drifting FADs would align the trajectories of tracked sharks with ocean surface currents, a novel methodology is proposed, based on the comparison of shark trajectories with simulated trajectories of passively drifting particles derived using a Lagrangian model.
Results revealed that silky shark trajectories were divergent from surface currents, and thus unassociated with FADs, for at least 30% of their time. The potential of the methodology and the results are discussed in the context of increasing FAD densities in the Indian Ocean.