bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of early pericyte loss and vascular amyloidosis in Alzheimer’s disease retina
Authors: Shi Haoshen , Koronyo Yosef , Rentsendorj Altan , Regis Giovanna C. , Sheyn Julia , Fuchs Dieu-Trang , Kramerov Andrei A. , Ljubimov Alexander V. , Dumitrascu Oana M. , Rodriguez Anthony R. , Barron Ernesto , Hinton David R. , Black Keith L. , Miller Carol A. , Mirzaei Nazanin , Koronyo-Hamaoui Maya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPericyte loss and deficient vascular platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRβ) signaling are prominent features of the blood–brain barrier breakdown described in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that can predict cognitive decline yet have never been studied in the retina. Recent reports using noninvasive retinal amyloid imaging, optical coherence tomography angiography, and histological examinations support the existence of vascular-structural abnormalities and vascular amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposits in retinas of AD patients. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of such retinal vascular pathology were not previously explored. Here, by modifying a method of enzymatically clearing non-vascular retinal tissue and fluorescent immunolabeling of the isolated blood vessel network, we identified substantial pericyte loss together with significant Aβ deposition in retinal microvasculature and pericytes in AD. Evaluation of postmortem retinas from a cohort of 56 human donors revealed an early and progressive decrease in vascular PDGFRβ in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD compared to cognitively normal controls. Retinal PDGFRβ loss significantly associated with increased retinal vascular Aβ40and Aβ42burden. Decreased vascular LRP-1 and early apoptosis of pericytes in AD retina were also detected. Mapping of PDGFRβ and Aβ40levels in pre-defined retinal subregions indicated that certain geometrical and cellular layers are more susceptible to AD pathology. Further, correlations were identified between retinal vascular abnormalities and cerebral Aβ burden, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and clinical status. Overall, the identification of pericyte and PDGFRβ loss accompanying increased vascular amyloidosis in Alzheimer’s retina implies compromised blood–retinal barrier integrity and provides new targets for AD diagnosis and therapy.
Lifetime and age-conditional risk estimates of end-stage kidney disease requiring maintenance dialysis in Japan
Authors: Wakasugi Minako , Narita Ichiei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Lifetime risk is an epidemiologic measure that expresses the probability of disease in the remaining lifetime for an index age. It is also an easily understandable statistical measure used to communicate the absolute risk of disease to the lay population. The lifetime risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has never been reported for the Japanese population. Here, we used data from the Japanese Society of Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) to estimate the lifetime risk of ESKD by sex in Japan.

Methods
The lifetime risk of ESKD was estimated using life-table methods. We defined an incident case of ESKD as a patient with loss of kidney function that resulted in maintenance dialysis therapy. The number of incident cases of ESKD and number of ESKD deaths in 2017 were obtained from data published by the JSDT. The population and total number of deaths in Japan for the same year were obtained from National Vital Statistics. By including all-cause mortality, risks were adjusted for competing causes of death.

Results
The cumulative incidence of ESKD from birth until age 95 years was 3.14% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.10–3.18] for men and 1.42% (1.39–1.44) for women. These probabilities illustrate that approximately 1 in 32 men and 1 in 71 women in Japan will develop ESKD that results in maintenance dialysis therapy in their lifetime.

Conclusions
Considerable sex differences were found in the lifetime risk of ESKD in Japan. This easily understandable information could be used to assist in public health education and planning.
Asbestos exposure and haematological malignancies: a Danish cohort study
Authors: Würtz Else Toft , Hansen Johnni , Røe Oluf Dimitri , Omland Øyvind 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEnvironmental asbestos exposure and occupational asbestos exposure increase the risk of several types of cancer, but the role of such exposures for haematological malignancies remains controversial. We aimed to examine the risk of haematological malignancies: first, in subjects exposed early in life, independently of any occupational exposure occurring later; second, in subjects exposed occupationally. We established an environmentally exposed cohort from four schools located near the only former asbestos cement production plant in Denmark. We identified nearly all pupils in the seventh grade and created an age and sex-matched 1:9 reference cohort from the Danish Central Population Register. Participants were born 1940–1970 and followed up in national registers until the end of 2015. Occupational asbestos exposure was assessed for all participants using two different job exposure matrices. The school cohort included 12,111 participants (49.7% girls) and the reference cohort 108,987 participants. Eight subgroups of haematological malignancy were identified in the Danish Cancer Registry. These cases were analysed for combined overall haematological malignancy, a combined subgroup of lymphomas and a combined subgroup of leukaemias. The data were analysed using Cox regression (hazard ratios (HR)) including other cancers and death as competing risks. Haematological malignancy was identified in 1125 participants. The median follow-up was 49.3 years (0.1–63.4). Early environmental asbestos exposure was not associated with an increased risk of haematological malignancy. Long-term occupational asbestos exposure was associated with overall haematological malignancy (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.04–2.73); in particular for the leukaemia subgroup (HR 2.14, 95% CI 1.19–3.84). This large follow-up study suggests that long-term occupational asbestos exposure is associated with increased leukaemia risk. However, further studies are needed to confirm these observations.
Development of a recoil ion source providing slow Th ions including 229(m)Th in a broad charge state distribution
Authors: Haas Raphael , Kieck Tom , Budker Dmitry , Düllmann Christoph E. , Groot-Berning Karin , Li Wenbing , Renisch Dennis , Schmidt-Kaler Ferdinand , Stopp Felix , Viatkina Anna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIons of the isomer 229mTh are a topic of high interest for the construction of a “nuclear clock” and in the field of fundamental physics for testing symmetries of nature. They can be efficiently captured in Paul traps which are ideal for performing high precision quantum logic spectroscopy. Trapping and identification of long-lived 232Th+ ions from a laser ablation source was already demonstrated by the TACTICa collaboration on Trapping And Cooling of Thorium Ions with Calcium. The 229mTh is most easily accessible as α-decay daughter of the decay of 233U. We report on the development of a source for slow Th ions, including 229mTh for the TACTICa experiment. The 229mTh source is currently under construction and comprises a 233U monolayer, from which 229mTh ions recoil. These are decelerated in an electric field. Conservation of the full initial charge state distribution of the 229mTh recoil ions is one of the unique features of this source. We present ion-flight simulations for our adopted layout and give a final source design. This source will provide Th ions in their original charge state at energies suitable for capture in a linear Paul trap for spectroscopy investigations.
Gendered Pathways of Internalizing Problems from Early Childhood to Adolescence and Associated Adolescent Outcomes
Authors: Gutman Leslie Morrison , Codiroli McMaster Natasha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite trends indicating worsening internalizing problems, characterized by anxiety and depression, there is dearth of research examining gender differences in developmental trajectories of internalizing problems from early childhood to adolescence. Drawing on the UK Millennium Cohort Study (n = 17,206, 49% female), this study examines trajectories of parent-reported, clinically-meaningful (reflecting the top 10%) internalizing problems from ages 3 to 14 years and their early predictors and adolescent outcomes. Group-based modelling revealed three trajectories when examining boys and girls together, but there were significant gender differences. When examining boys and girls separately, four trajectories were identified including two relatively stable trajectories showing either high or low probabilities of internalizing problems. An increasing trajectory was also found for both boys and girls, showing an increasing probability of internalizing problems which continued to rise for girls, but levelled off for boys from age 11. A decreasing trajectory was revealed for boys, while a moderate but stable trajectory was identified for girls. Boys and girls in the increasing and high probability groups were more likely to report a number of problematic outcomes including high BMI, self-harm, low mental wellbeing, depressive symptoms, and low educational motivation than the low group. Girls on the increasing trajectory also reported more cigarette and cannabis use and early sexual activity at age 14 compared to girls on the low trajectory. Findings suggest that intervention strategies take a systemic view, targeting not only internal feelings, but also behaviours potentially associated with later negative outcomes.
A Four-Valued Dynamic Epistemic Logic
Authors: Santos Yuri David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEpistemic logic is usually employed to model two aspects of a situation: the factual and the epistemic aspects. Truth, however, is not always attainable, and in many cases we are forced to reason only with whatever information is available to us. In this paper, we will explore a four-valued epistemic logic designed to deal with these situations, where agents have only knowledge about the available information (or evidence), which can be incomplete or conflicting, but not explicitly about facts. This layer of available information or evidence, which is the object of the agents’ knowledge, can be seen as a database. By adopting this sceptical posture in our semantics, we prepare the ground for logics where the notion of knowledge—or more appropriately, belief—is entirely based on evidence. The technical results include a set of reduction axioms for public announcements, correspondence proofs, and a complete tableau system. In summary, our contributions are twofold: on the one hand we present an intuition and possible application for many-valued modal logics, and on the other hand we develop a logic that models the dynamics of evidence in a simple and intuitively clear fashion.
Generalized Forbidden Subposet Problems
Authors: Gerbner Dániel , Keszegh Balázs , Patkós Balázs 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA subfamily$\{F_{1},F_{2},\dots ,F_{|P|}\}\subseteq \mathcal {F}${F1,F2,…,F|P|}⊆Fof sets is a copy of a posetPin$\mathcal {F}$Fif there exists a bijection$\phi :P\rightarrow \{F_{1},F_{2},\dots ,F_{|P|}\}$ϕ:P→{F1,F2,…,F|P|}such that whenever$x \le _{P} x^{\prime }$x≤Px′holds, then so does$\phi (x)\subseteq \phi (x^{\prime })$ϕ(x)⊆ϕ(x′). For a family$\mathcal {F}$Fof sets, let$c(P,\mathcal {F})$c(P,F)denote the number of copies ofPin$\mathcal {F}$F, and we say that$\mathcal {F}$FisP-free if$c(P,\mathcal {F})=0$c(P,F)=0holds. For any two posetsP,Qlet us denote byLa(n,P,Q) the maximum number of copies ofQover allP-free families$\mathcal {F} \subseteq 2^{[n]}$F⊆2[n], i.e.$\max \limits \{c(Q,\mathcal {F}): \mathcal {F} \subseteq 2^{[n]}, c(P,\mathcal {F})=0 \}$max{c(Q,F):F⊆2[n],c(P,F)=0}. This generalizes the well-studied parameterLa(n,P) =La(n,P,P1) whereP1is the one element poset, i.e.La(n,P) is the largest possible size of aP-free family. The quantityLa(n,P) has been determined (precisely or asymptotically) for many posetsP, and in all known cases an asymptotically best construction can be obtained by taking as many middle levels as possible without creating a copy ofP. In this paper we consider the first instances of the problem of determiningLa(n,P,Q). We find its value whenPandQare small posets, like chains, forks, theNposet and diamonds. Already these special cases show that the extremal families are completely different from those in the originalP-free cases: sometimes not middle or consecutive levels maximizeLa(n,P,Q) and sometimes the extremal family is not the union of levels. Finally, we determine (up to a polynomial factor) the maximum number of copies of complete multi-level posets ink-Sperner families. The main tools for this are the profile polytope method and two extremal set system problems that are of independent interest: we maximize the number ofr-tuples$A_{1},A_{2},\dots , A_{r} \in \mathcal {A}$A1,A2,…,Ar∈Aover all antichains$\mathcal {A}\subseteq 2^{[n]}$A⊆2[n]such that (i)$\cap _{i=1}^{r}A_{i}=\emptyset $∩i=1rAi=∅, (ii)$\cap _{i=1}^{r}A_{i}=\emptyset $∩i=1rAi=∅and$\cup _{i=1}^{r}A_{i}=[n]$∪i=1rAi=[n].
Concretising the role of extended producer responsibility in European Union waste law and policy through the lens of the circular economy
Authors: Pouikli Kleoniki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to shed light on the main aspects of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), a widely used principle of environmental policy, looking through the lens of EU waste law and policy, as this is currently evolving. The main discussion will revolve around the opportunities of moving towards a more effective EPR and adopting more effective policy instruments. Emphasis will be given to the definition of EPR, to its content and to implementation schemes in EU law especially as regards the role of EPR in achieving the challenging targets which exist relating to waste management and product design requirements under the Circular Economy Package, while at the same time highlighting the inter-relationship between waste and product laws.
Iliocaval Venous Obstruction, Cardiac Preload Reserve and Exercise Limitation
Authors: Morris Rachael I. , Sobotka Paul A. , Balmforth Peter K. , Stöhr Eric J. , McDonnell Barry J. , Spencer Darren , O’Sullivan Gerard J. , Black Stephen A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCardiac output during exercise increases by as much as fivefold in the untrained man, and by as much as eightfold in the elite athlete. Increasing venous return is a critical but much overlooked component of the physiological response to exercise. Cardiac disorders such as constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension are recognised to impair preload and cause exercise limitation; however, the effects of peripheral venous obstruction on cardiac function have not been well described. This manuscript will discuss how obstruction of the iliocaval venous outflow can lead to impairment in exercise tolerance, how such obstructions may be diagnosed, the potential implications of chronic obstructions on sympathetic nervous system activation, and relevance of venous compression syndromes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Effects of Brief Mindfulness Meditation on Attention Switching
Authors: Jankowski Tomasz , Holas Pawel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Attention switching is postulated in many theories as a crucial executive function related to mindfulness. However, the existing literature does not provide convincing support for this claim. Based on the attentional control theory, the presented experiment tested the hypothesis that brief mindfulness training improves attention switching in the presence of anxiety.

Methods
Seventy-four undergraduates (53 women) with an average age of 22.25 years (SD = 2.42) performed a pre-test switching task, watched an emotional film clip, and then were randomly assigned to three conditions: brief mindfulness training, worry induction, and free mind-wandering, followed by a post-test switching task.

Results
We found reduced overall reaction times (i.e., for both switch and no-switch trials) in mindfulness compared with worry and free mind-wandering conditions (F[2,68.9] = 5.09, p = .009, η2 = .13), but no differences between conditions with regard to the switch cost.

Conclusions
The results are discussed in the context of working memory capacity and processing speed theory. We suggest that mindfulness may release attentional resources otherwise engaged in the inhibition of task-irrelevant thinking associated with anxiety and thus facilities the general efficiency of cognitive processes. Suggestions for future research are proposed.
Genetic structure of important resident brown trout breeding lines in Poland
Authors: Bernaś Rafał , Wąs-Barcz Anna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe history of brown troutSalmo truttaL. stocking has long tradition in the European Union and other countries. Hundreds of hatchery facilities on continent have artificial broodstocks used for enhancement of neighbouring and also geographically far river basins. These practices have substantial effect on wild brown trout populations. To illuminate this phenomenon, eleven hatchery stocks and wild populations from northern Poland and Carpathian region were analysed using 13 microsatellite markers. Obtained results revealed high genetic diversity between studied stocks and clear differentiation between northern and southern populations and hybridization between these two major clads. As a recommendation, the principle of treating regions as metapopulations should be applied, which, in the case of Poland, means using the division of the northern and southern genetic lines that were revealed in the present study.
Metals concentrations in road dust from high traffic and low traffic area: a size dependent comparison
Authors: Miazgowicz A. , Krennhuber K. , Lanzerstorfer C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetals in road dust are increasingly investigated. The fine size fractions are of particular importance because of their higher mobility and the increased concentrations of pollutants. In this study, two average road dust samples from areas with high- and low-traffic density were investigated. Prior to chemical analysis, a combined sieving and air classification procedure was applied where the road dust samples were split into seven size fractions. The metal concentrations in the road dust from the low-traffic area were only up to twice the background concentrations. An exception was Cu where the concentration was 15 time higher. In the sample from the high-traffic area, the respective concentrations of Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb, Ba, Sb and Cu were 5.4, 3.2, 3.0, 2.7, 2.7, 2.5 and 1.2 times higher compared to the low-traffic area. The ratio of the concentration in high- and low-traffic road dust was 0.8–2.0 for the fine size fractions and 2.0–6.0 for the coarse size fractions for several metals, including traffic-related metals like Fe and Ba. An explanation for this surprising result might be the atmospheric transport of re-suspended particles from high-traffic to low-traffic areas, which is feasible only for smaller particles because of their low sedimentation velocity. However, for the highly traffic-related metals Pb and Zn, the ratio was more size independent. For Cu, the concentration ratio was fluctuating. Some particles with a high Cu content in the analysed samples might be the reason.
Laser welding of laser-structured copper connectors for battery applications and power electronics
Authors: Helm Johanna , Schulz Adrian , Olowinsky Alexander , Dohrn Andreas , Poprawe Reinhart 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe electrification of the automobile industry leads to an increasing demand for high-performance energy storage systems. The more complex the battery pack, the more complex the electronic components will become. Very high currents have to be transported in a short time and very fast electrical switching processes have to be made possible. These requirements have an effect on the required quality of the electrical connection. Furthermore, a joining process is required that offers short cycle times and a high degree of automation. Laser micro welding with fibre lasers (1070 nm) meets the requirements placed on joining technology. Due to the high beam quality, very small spot diameters and thus very high intensities can be achieved. Copper materials of high purity are used to achieve the high conductivity of the electrical connection. This material, in turn, poses a great challenge to the welding process, since the reflectance for the beam sources mentioned is above 95%.This paper presents a way of significantly reducing the reflectance for copper connectors and thus making the joining process more efficient. For this purpose, the copper connectors are first pre-processed with an ultrashort pulse laser process, which significantly increases the surface area. In a second step, bead-on-plate welds are carried out on the structured surfaces and the absorption coefficient is determined during the welding process with the aid of a double integrating sphere assembly in comparison to a bare copper sample.
Joint effects of depth-aiding augmentations and viewing positions on the quality of experience in augmented telepresence
Authors: Dima Elijs , Brunnström Kjell , Sjöström Mårten , Andersson Mattias , Edlund Joakim , Johanson Mathias , Qureshi Tahir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVirtual and augmented reality is increasingly prevalent in industrial applications, such as remote control of industrial machinery, due to recent advances in head-mounted display technologies and low-latency communications via 5G. However, the influence of augmentations and camera placement-based viewing positions on operator performance in telepresence systems remains unknown. In this paper, we investigate the joint effects of depth-aiding augmentations and viewing positions on the quality of experience for operators in augmented telepresence systems. A study was conducted with 27 non-expert participants using a real-time augmented telepresence system to perform a remote-controlled navigation and positioning task, with varied depth-aiding augmentations and viewing positions. The resulting quality of experience was analyzed via Likert opinion scales, task performance measurements, and simulator sickness evaluation. Results suggest that reducing the reliance on stereoscopic depth perception via camera placement has a significant benefit to operator performance and quality of experience. Conversely, the depth-aiding augmentations can partly mitigate the negative effects of inferior viewing positions. However the viewing-position based monoscopic and stereoscopic depth cues tend to dominate over cues based on augmentations. There is also a discrepancy between the participants’ subjective opinions on augmentation helpfulness, and its observed effects on positioning task performance.