bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alteration of gammaretroviral vector integration patterns by insertion of histone and leucine zipper into integrase
Authors: Yang Yeji , Lee Ji‐eun , Jeong Hye‐young , Shim Ji‐yeon , Baek Min‐jeong , Son Min‐jeong , Kim Yeon‐ju , Noh Hohsuk , Lim Kwang‐il 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRetroviral vectors show long‐term gene expression in gene therapy through the integration of transgenes into the human cell genome. Murine leukemia virus (MLV), a well‐studied gammaretrovirus, has been often used as a representative retroviral vector. However, frequent integrations of MLV‐based vectors into transcriptional start sites (TSSs) could lead to the activation of oncogenes by enhancer effects of the genetic components within the vectors. Therefore, the MLV integration preference for TSSs limits its wider use in clinical applications. To reduce the integration preference of MLV‐based vectors, we attempted to perturb the structure of the viral integrase that plays a key role in determining integration sites. For this goal, we inserted histones and leucine zippers, having DNA‐binding property, into internal sites of MLV integrase. This integrase engineering yielded multiple mutant vectors that showed significantly different integration patterns compared with that of wild‐type vector. Some mutant vectors did not prefer the key regulatory genomic domains of human cells, TSSs. Moreover, a couple of engineered vectors did not integrate into the genomic sites near the TSSs of oncogenes. Overall, this study suggests that structural perturbation of integrase is a simple way to develop safer MLV‐based retroviral vectors for use in clinical applications.
Concatenating Suzuki Arylation and Buchwald–Hartwig Amination by A Sequentially Pd‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Process—Consecutive Three‐Component Synthesis of C,N‐Diarylated Heterocycles
Authors: Mayer Laura , Kohlbecher Regina , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe concatenation of Suzuki coupling and Buchwald‐Hartwig amination in a consecutive multicomponent reaction opens a concise, modular and efficient one‐pot approach to diversely functionalized heterocycles, as exemplified for 3,10‐diaryl 10H‐phenothiazines, 3,9‐diaryl 9H‐carbazoles, and 1,5‐diaryl 1H‐indoles, in high yields starting from simple staring materials. Moreover, this one‐pot reaction is a sequentially palladium‐catalyzed process that does not require additional catalyst loading after the first coupling step.
Is the relationship between child abuse and suicide attempts mediated by nonsuicidal self‐injury and pain tolerance?
Authors: Schönfelder Antje , Rath Dajana , Forkmann Thomas , Paashaus Laura , Stengler Katarina , Teismann Tobias , Juckel Georg , Glaesmer Heide 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough there is evidence for an association of child abuse with lifetime suicidal behaviour, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In recent research, we found this relationship to be indirect and mediated by capability for suicide (CS). Emotional and sexual abuse were directly associated with CS. Based on the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide, the result for emotional abuse was surprising and raised the question for a missing link in this association. Consequently, this study examines nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) as an additional mediator (M1) between child abuse (X), pain tolerance (M2), and suicide attempts (Y). We included 308 psychiatric inpatients (M = 36.9 years, 53% female) with either an acute suicidal crisis (n = 146) or a recent suicide attempt (n = 157). For the assessment, we used the Childhood Trauma Screener (CTS), the German version of the self‐injurious thoughts and behaviours interview (SITBI‐G), the German Capability for Suicide Questionnaire (GCSQ), and a pressure algometer for measuring pain tolerance objectively. Serial mediator analyses were applied. All types of abuse showed relationships with NSSI, which itself was connected to suicidal behaviour in almost all models, whereas pain tolerance did not show the expected relations. The results suggest that NSSI is an important predictor for suicide attempts and should be considered in suicide risk assessment. Future research should address this topic in prospective studies with a more comprehensive assessment of child abuse. In summary, this study once again highlights the serious effects of child abuse and in particular the mediating role of NSSI.
When accurate cytomorphology directs clinical decision: Colonic adenocarcinoma presents initially with an isolated vertebral bone metastasis
Authors: Asiry Saeed , Matloob Ammar , Gera Shweta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLiver is the most common site for metastasis of colonic adenocarcinoma. Other relatively common metastatic locations include: peritoneum, lungs and ovaries. Rare metastatic sites include: central nervous system, testis, uterus, oral cavity and bones. Though it is rare to have an isolated bone metastasis without liver or visceral involvement in colonic adenocarcinoma, it can occur. Our case illustrates the vital role of an accurate cytopathologic diagnosis in directing the proper clinical decision and management in our young patient. Our patient's first presentation was acute on chronic back pain radiating to his lower extremities with clinical suspicion of tuberculosis spondylitis. The correct cytopathologic diagnosis of the fine needle aspiration from the destructive vertebral lesion led to the establishment of an isolated metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma diagnosis initially and directed the clinical management of our patient.
Novozyme 435 and Lipozyme RM IM Preferably Esterify Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids at the sn‐2 Position
Authors: Rivero‐Pino Fernando , Padial‐Dominguez Marta , Guadix Emilia M. , Morales‐Medina Rocio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work aims at studying the impact that the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids (FA) with the same chain length exerts on the esterification yield and the regiodistribution of FA in the glycerol backbone. To that end, triacylglycerols (TAG) are produced by esterifying several mixtures (stearic, oleic, and alpha‐linolenic acids) employing Novozyme 435 and Lipozyme RM IM. All esterifications achieve a high content of TAG (>69 mol%) with Lipozyme RM IM being more active. Both lipases initially esterify stearic acid, while linolenic acid is preferably esterified in the last step of the esterification. Additionally, the higher the degree of unsaturation, the higher the concentration at the position sn‐2. This trend is more marked for Novozyme 435. The structure of the FA causes steric hindrance resulting in competitive‐like behavior among the FA. Hence, the selectivity of lipases might be affected by the composition of the substrate.Practical Applications: Omega‐3 FA have a high nutritional value and are industrially employed to produce concentrates and structured or functional lipids. The regiodistribution of FA in the glycerol determines its bioavailability; those linked to the central position are more efficiently metabolized while those in the sn‐1 and sn‐3 positions are merely stored or excreted. Structured lipids are produced employing lipases, hence the regioselectivity of the lipases is a key point for the production. The results show that, for the same chain length, the regioselectivity of lipases can be affected by the composition of the substrate and that polyunsaturated FA tend to be esterified in the central position when employing Novozyme 435 and Lipozyme RM IM.
Preventing pain after breast surgery: A systematic review with meta‐analyses and trial‐sequential analyses
Authors: Lepot Ariane , Elia Nadia , Tramèr Martin Richard , Rehberg Benno 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to indirectly compare the efficacy of any intervention, administered perioperatively, on acute and persistent pain after breast surgery.Databases and data treatmentWe searched for randomized trials comparing analgesic interventions with placebo or no treatment in patients undergoing breast surgery under general anaesthesia. Primary outcome was intensity of acute pain (up to 6 hr postoperatively). Secondary outcomes were cumulative 24‐hr morphine consumption, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and chronic pain. We used an original three‐step approach. First, meta‐analyses were performed when data from at least three trials could be combined; secondly, trial sequential analyses were used to separate conclusive from unclear evidence. And thirdly, the quality of evidence was rated with GRADE.ResultsSeventy‐three trials (5,512 patients) tested loco‐regional blocks (paravertebral, pectoralis), local anaesthetic infiltrations, oral gabapentinoids or intravenous administration of glucocorticoids, lidocaine, N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate antagonists or alpha2 agonists. With paravertebral blocks, pectoralis blocks and glucocorticoids, there was conclusive evidence of a clinically relevant reduction in acute pain (visual analogue scale > 1.0 cm). With pectoralis blocks, and gabapentinoids, there was conclusive evidence of a reduction in the cumulative 24‐hr morphine consumption (> 30%). With paravertebral blocks and glucocorticoids, there was conclusive evidence of a relative reduction in the incidence of PONV of 70%. For chronic pain, insufficient data were available.ConclusionsMainly with loco‐regional blocks, there is conclusive evidence of a reduction in acute pain intensity, morphine consumption and PONV incidence after breast surgery. For rational decision making, data on chronic pain are needed.SignificanceThis quantitative systematic review compares eight interventions, published across 73 trials, to prevent pain after breast surgery, and grades their degree of efficacy. The most efficient interventions are paravertebral blocks, pectoralis blocks and glucocorticoids, with moderate to low evidence for the blocks. Intravenous lidocaine and alpha2 agonists are efficacious to a lesser extent, but with a higher level of evidence. Data for chronic pain are lacking.
Mitochondrial DNA copy number and cytogenetic damage among fuel filling station attendants
Authors: Gaikwad Avinash S. , Mahmood Riaz , Beerappa Ravichandran , Karunamoorthy Panjakumar , Venugopal Dhananjayan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFuel filling attendants are constantly exposed to the complex mixture of gasoline and all refinery environments are probably carcinogenic for humans. These workers are considered as an unorganized group in India and unaware of the risk. The present study was focused to monitor workplace pollutants (particulate matter size 10 [PM10 μm], total volatile organic compound [VOC], and carbon monoxide [CO]), benzene exposure (phenol), and to evaluate their genotoxicity effect with reference to relative mitochondrial DNA copy number (MtDNAcn), 8‐OHdG (8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine), and micronuclei (MN) frequency (%) among fuel filling attendants. This study recorded 318 ± 134 and 1,050 ± 260 μg/m3 time‐weighted average concentration of PM10 and CO, respectively. However, total VOC levels recorded were below the detectable level (BDL) to 290 ± 50 μg/m3. A total of 53 subjects (26 exposed and 27 control) participated in this study with similar sociodemographic information. It was noticed that fuel filling attendants were not using proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and are younger generation. The significantly (p = <.001) higher level of phenol, a metabolite of benzene, was detected in the exposed group. The significantly elevated level of urinary 8‐OHdG (p = .01), MN frequency (p = .001), and relative MtDNAcn (p = .001) was observed in exposed group as compared to the control group. The study exemplify that workers were exposed to the benzene, workplace pollutant, and observed genotoxicity suggest malignancy risk. This study highlights the importance of biomonitoring in occupational settings to avoid malignancies. The possible engineering controls, frequent health check‐ups, awareness about the risks, and PPE use can reduce health hazards.
Combination therapy of apo‐transferrin and thyroid hormones enhances remyelination
Authors: Rosato‐Siri María Victoria , Marziali Leandro Nazareno , Mattera Vanesa , Correale Jorge , Pasquini Juana María 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe current study presents two different approaches with a view to elucidating the interaction between thyroid hormones (TH) and apo‐transferrin (aTf) and their role in myelination and remyelination. First, in vitro assays were conducted to determine the single and combined effects of aTf and triiodothyronine (T3) on oligodendroglial cell lineage proliferation and oligodendrocyte (OLG) maturation in primary cultures. Results revealed higher proliferation rates upon single aTf treatment but Control values upon T3 and aTf + T3 treatments. In addition, both aTf and T3 accelerated OLG maturation, with the greatest effects being exerted by combined aTf + T3 administration in terms of both myelin basic protein (MBP) expression and morphological complexity. Second, in vivo assays were carried out to establish single and combined effects of aTf and T3, as well as TH receptor (THR) inhibitor I‐850, on remyelination following a CPZ‐induced demyelination protocol. Results showed an increase in myelin deposition and the number of mature remyelinating OLG upon single treatments, but a synergic effect upon combined aTf + T3 treatment which was prevented by THR inhibition. It may be thus concluded that combined treatment yielded the most beneficial effects on OLG maturation parameters in vitro and remyelinating capacity in vivo when compared to single treatments. These findings may help explore the development of new target molecules in the treatment of demyelinating diseases.
Association of combined engagement in cognitive and physical activity with domain‐specific cognitive function: The Shanghai Aging Study
Authors: Wu Wanqing , Zhao Qianhua , Xiao Zhenxu , Liang Xiaoniu , Luo Jianfeng , Ding Ding 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThis cross‐sectional study aimed to examine the association of the combined engagement in cognitive activity (CA) and physical activity (PA) with domain‐specific cognition in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsWe analysed data from 3192 dementia‐free participants aged ≥50 years in the Shanghai Aging Study. CA was assessed using Shanghai Cognitive Activities Scale. PA was determined based on questionnaires and further transformed into metabolic equivalent values. We used multivariate linear and logistic regression models to estimate the β and odds ratio of CA, PA, or combined CA and PA and each neuropsychological test.ResultsA high level of CA was associated with a better performance in most of the tests, except for the conflicting instructions task (CIT) and stick test (ST). In contrast, PA displayed no significant associations with any test. Engagement in high CA and high PA was associated with the best performance in Mini‐Mental State Examination, recall in ST, categorisation in Modified Common Objects Sorting Test (MCOST), immediate recall, delayed recall, and recognition in Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Participants with “high CA and low PA” had the lowest risk of impairment in Go/No‐Go correct tapping in CIT, rotate in ST, item naming, and category naming in MCOST, Trail Making Test (TMT)‐A, and TMT‐B.ConclusionsOur study suggests that engagement in both high CA and high PA may be the most efficacious way to maintain various domains of cognition. A higher level of CA may help to preserve cognition among older individuals who have difficulties in performing PA.
The International Collaboration for Cancer Classification and Research
Authors: Cree Ian A. , Indave Ruiz Blanca Iciar , Zavadil Jiri , McKay James , Olivier Magali , Kozlakidis Zisis , Lazar Alexander J. , Hyde Chris , Holdenrieder Stefan , Hastings Ros , Rajpoot Nasir , de la Fouchardiere Arnaud , Rous Brian , Zenklusen Jean Claude , Normanno Nicola , Schilsky Richard L. ,   for the ICR participants
Published: August 2020

AbstractGaps in the translation of research findings to clinical management have been recognized for decades. They exist for the diagnosis as well as the management of cancer. The international standards for cancer diagnosis are contained within the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours, published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and known worldwide as the WHO Blue Books. In addition to their relevance to individual patients, these volumes provide a valuable contribution to cancer research and surveillance, fulfilling an important role in scientific evidence synthesis and international standard setting. However, the multidimensional nature of cancer classification, the way in which the WHO Classification of Tumours is constructed, and the scientific information overload in the field pose important challenges for the translation of research findings to tumour classification and hence cancer diagnosis. To help address these challenges, we have established the International Collaboration for Cancer Classification and Research (IC3R) to provide a forum for the coordination of efforts in evidence generation, standard setting and best practice recommendations in the field of tumour classification. The first IC3R meeting, held in Lyon, France, in February 2019, gathered representatives of major institutions involved in tumour classification and related fields to identify and discuss translational challenges in data comparability, standard setting, quality management, evidence evaluation and copyright, as well as to develop a collaborative plan for addressing these challenges.
The degree of international trade and exchange rate exposure—Firm‐level evidence from two small open economies
Authors: Annelies Van Cauwenberge , Mark Vancauteren , Roel Braekers , Sigrid Vandemaele 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates exchange rate exposure by comparing Dutch and Belgian listed firms at each point in time using monthly data from 2006 to 2015. Gaps in previous research are addressed by using disaggregated firm‐level data to construct trade‐weighted firm‐specific effective exchange indices and by applying copula theory. Our findings are as follows. First, extreme events leading to non‐normality of stock returns are, at least partially, caused by a firm's international trade status. Second, Dutch listed firms experience stronger exchange rate exposure since they engage more into trade outside the Eurozone than the Belgian listed firms. Third, listed importing firms experience stronger exchange rate exposure than listed exporting firms, which indicates a dual effect of exchange rate risk arising from cash flow effects in both the domestic economy and the foreign market. Overall, our proposed methodology contributes to a better understanding of the link between exchange rate changes and trade, and may therefore be of use to policy makers involved with exchange rate or monetary policy.
An Integrated View of Student Success at Small Colleges
Authors: Palucki Blake Laura , Wynn T. Colleen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContemporary students have a varied set of needs—the “lifecycle” of a typical student may no longer be 4 years of continuous enrollment between the ages of 18 and 22, and many students bring rich and varied experiences with them to college. As institutions strive to allocate resources in ways that provide the most benefit to student achievement, creating a culture of evidence that not only deepens our understanding of students but also promotes institutional action has become more important than ever. This chapter articulates institutional research's collaborative role in integrating data and analytics in ways that support, engage, and enhance student experiences across the institution. Examples of how institutional research offices have collaborated with student affairs and information technology offices will be discussed. The chapter will conclude with a set of recommendations to assist institutional researchers in partnering across campus to share timely and relevant data to enhance student success.
Government Transfers and Time Allocation Decisions: The Case of Child Labour in Ethiopia
Authors: Prifti Ervin , Daidone Silvio , Campora Greta , Pace Noemi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe exploit the social cash transfer programme in Ethiopia to study how an increase in unearned income through a government transfer affects children's work time allocation and their school attendance rate. In rural areas, the transfer led to a half an hour reduction in the total number of hours worked, while in urban areas, transfers had the opposite impacts, worsening the child labour situation with no impacts on the share of children attending school. An insufficient transfer amount and lack of messaging on its recommended use may partly explain the mixed results on child labour and the lack of impacts on school attendance. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children With Sickle Cell Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Maroda Andrew J. , Spence Matthew N. , Larson Stephen R. , Estepp Jeremie H. , Gillespie M. Boyd , Harris Atia J. , Mamidala Madhu P. , Sheyn Anthony M. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sickle cell disease (SCD) represent two complex disease processes. Current guidelines recommend that children with SCD receive polysomnography (PSG) after presenting with signs or symptoms of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB). Recent studies suggest a disproportionately elevated prevalence of SDB in the population of children with SCD, and traditional risk factors may not be evident within these patients. Further objective testing might be needed to screen all pediatric patients with SCD, even in the absence of overt signs or symptoms of OSA to prevent complications of both conditions.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsInstitutional review board approval was obtained. An eight‐question OSA risk assessment screening questionnaire was presented prospectively to 100 consecutive patients with SCD in the pediatric hematology clinic regardless of complaints of SDB.ResultsOut of 100 patients, 51 were female. The average age, body mass index (BMI), BMI percentile, and I'M SLEEPY score of the entire cohort were 3.97 years, 15.97%, 55.4%, and 1.63%, respectively. Nineteen patients had a positive sleep apnea screening score and were referred for PSG. The average age BMI, BMI percentile, and I'M SLEEPY score for those 19 patients were 3.77%, 16.67%, 65%, and 3.95%, respectively. Ten patients completed PSG, with seven diagnosed with OSA.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrates a higher incidence of SDB and OSA in children with SCD relative to the general pediatric population. Although more PSG reports and further testing is needed to determine whether the results hold, preliminary data indicate that children with SCD should at least undergo OSA screening in the office regardless of overt symptoms.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1022–E1028, 2021