bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Residents’ Clinical Training and Psychosocial Well-Being in Saudi Arabia’s Western Region
Authors: Alshareef Reem , Zahrani Abdullah Al , Alzhrani Meshari , Suwaidi Abdulaziz , Alamry Bander 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The novel COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a significant burden on healthcare systems. Similarly, it has also affected the performance and well-being of the medical staff working during the pandemic. However, to what extent COVID-19 is affecting medical staff is still unclear, especially among physicians.This study aims to evaluate the negative effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the medical training and psychological well-being of resident doctors practicing in the western region in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This is a quantitative cross-sectional study that included a survey distributed to resident physicians working in the western region in Saudi Arabia. The survey included questions on demographic data and factors influencing the academic training, attitude, and daily habits of the residents during the pandemic. Psychological impact was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Data analysis was executed using IBM SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 121 residents responded to this survey. Of all respondents, 71.1% were junior residents, 66.9% had a medical specialty; and 33% were family medicine doctors, followed by 17% from general surgery. In regards to work amid the pandemic, 36.1% were in contact with confirmed COVID-19 patients, and 35.5% had to work overtime during the pandemic. Of the respondents, 44% described their training as extremely affected, and 32% strongly agreed and 53% agreed that their psychological well-being was negatively affected. Further, 39.6% were smoking more than they used to. Female and junior residents’ training was significantly more negatively affected than their peers’ (p=0.039 and 0.011, respectively). There was a non-significant difference detected between the residents regarding the factors negatively affecting their psychological well-being. Conclusion: Residents working during the pandemic in the western area of Saudi Arabia were significantly affected by the pandemic from both professional and psychological perspectives. Further research on how the pandemic is affecting doctors in other areas in Saudi Arabia is needed.
Matrix mechanics regulates epithelial defence against cancer by tuning dynamic localization of filamin
Authors: Pothapragada Shilpa , Gupta Praver , Mukherjee Soumi , Das Tamal 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In epithelia, normal cells recognize and extrude out newly emerged transformed cells by competition. This process is the most fundamental epithelial defence against cancer, whose occasional failure promotes oncogenesis. However, little is known about what factors determine the success or failure of this defence. Here we report that mechanical stiffening of extracellular matrix attenuates the epithelial defence against activated HRasV12-transformed cells. Using photoconversion labelling, protein tracking, and loss-of-function mutations, we attribute this attenuation to stiffening-induced perinuclear sequestration of a cytoskeletal protein, filamin. On soft matrix mimicking healthy epithelium, filamin exists as a dynamically single population, which moves to the normal cell-transformed cell interface to initiate transformed cell-extrusion. But, on stiff matrix mimicking fibrotic epithelium, filamin redistributes into two dynamically distinct populations, including a new perinuclear pool, which cannot move to the cell-cell interface. A tug-of-war between filamin-Cdc42 and filamin-perinuclear cytoskeleton interactions controls this differential filamin localization and hence, determines the success or failure of epithelial defence on soft versus stiff matrix. Together, our study reveals how pathological matrix stiffening leads to a failed epithelial defence at the initial stage of oncogenesis.
A hot Jupiter spectral sequence with evidence for compositional diversity
Authors: Mansfield Megan , Line Michael , Bean Jacob , Fortney Jonathan , Parmentier Vivien , Kempton Eliza , Sing David , Lopez-Morales Mercedes , Baxter Claire , Désert Jean-Michel , Swain Mark , Roudier Gael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The emergent spectra of close-in, giant exoplanets ("hot Jupiters") are believed to be distinct from those of young gas giants and brown dwarfs with similar effective temperatures because these objects are primarily heated from above by their host stars rather than internally from the release of energy from their formation (Showman et al. 2020). Theoretical models predict a continuum of dayside spectra for hot Jupiters as a function of irradiation level, with the coolest planets having absorption features in their spectra, intermediate-temperature planets having emission features due to thermal inversions, and the hottest planets having blackbody-like spectra due to molecular dissociation and continuum opacity from the H- ion (Fortney et al. 2008, Parmentier et al. 2018, Arcangeli et al. 2018). Absorption and emission features have been detected in the spectra of a number of individual hot Jupiters (Kreidberg et al. 2014, Mikal-Evans et al. 2020), and population-level trends have been observed in photometric measurements (Keating et al. 2019, Baxter et al. 2020, Garhart et al. 2020, Dransfield et al. 2020). However, there has been no unified, population-level study of the thermal emission spectra of hot Jupiters such as has been done for brown dwarfs (Manjavacas et al. 2019) and transmission spectra of hot Jupiters (Sing et al. 2016). Here we show that hot Jupiter secondary eclipse spectra centered around a water absorption band at 1.4 microns follow a common trend in water feature strength with temperature. The observed trend is broadly consistent with the predictions of self-consistent one-dimensional models for how the thermal structures of solar composition planets vary with irradiation level. Nevertheless, the ensemble of planets exhibits significant scatter around the mean trend. The spread can be accounted for if the planets have modest variations in metallicity and/or elemental abundance ratios, which is expected from planet formation models (Mordasini et al. 2016, Ali-Dib et al. 2017, Madhusudhan et al. 2017, Cridland et al. 2019).
Parent Child Relationship During COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Andejany Najwa , Qutah Karimah , Alwajeeh Sultan , Msallam Reem , Alyamani Dalia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease in 2019, also known as COVID-19, is a respiratory disease that is cause by Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2. In March 2020, the World Health Organization Declared the disease as a pandemic. Social Distancing is to prevent the transmission of the virus from the asymptomatic persons, who are not yet isolated. Aim: To measure the parent-child relationship during the COVID-19 Social Distancing in Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross sectional survey study, done from 2020 April to July and shortly after the quarantine was stopped. Questionnaire used was the short version of a validated survey created by Robert Pianta to assess the parents-child relationship during and before the quarantine period in the western part of Saudi Arabia, mainly Jeddah and adjacent cities. Result: Total participants were 377, and the mean age of the parents is 37 years. On average, parents have from 1-3 children. The mean average number of hours parent stayed with their children before the Social Distancing was 8 hours and this increased to 12 hours after Social Distancing. Women tend to have average number of hours stayed with children higher than men. Comparing the closeness score and conflict score between before the Quarantine and after it showed a statistically significant more conflict before the Quarantine than after it. It was higher among female parents compared to male parents. For closeness there was no statistical significance as both scores were close to 31. Conclusion: There is a statistical significance improve in the closeness between parents and their children after the COVID-19 social distancing and more time spent with them. However, the conflict between mothers and their children were less comparing before and during the quarantine.
High Rate of Bleeding and Arterial Thrombosis in COVID-19: Saudi Multicenter Study
Authors: Raizah Abdulrahman Al , AlAskar Ahmed , Shaheen Naila , Aldosari Khalid , Alnahdi Mohamed , Luhanga Musumadi , Alshuaibi Turki , Bajhmoum Wail , Alharbi Khaled , Alsahari Ghaida , Algahtani Hadeel , Alrayes Eunice , Basendwah Abdulrahim , Abotaleb Alia , Almegren Mosaad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic with a substantial impact on mortality, the health system and the economy8,9. Several observational studies reported the rate of venous and arterial thrombotic events in patients infected with COVID-19, with conflicting results . The aim of this multicentre study was to estimate the rate of thrombotic and bleeding events in hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Method: multicenter study of 636 hospitalized patients with COVID-19.﻿Result: Twelve patients were diagnosed with VTE 1.89% (95% CI, 1.18–3). The rate in the non-ICU group was 0.19% (95% CI, 0.04–0.84) compared to 10.38% (95% CI, 6.45–16.27) in the ICU group. Fourteen patients were diagnosed with an arterial event with an overall rate of 2.20% (95% CI, 1.43–3.38). The rate in the non-ICU group was 0.94% (95% CI, 0.46–0.1.93) and 8.49% (95% CI, 5.01–14.04) in the ICU group. The overall composite events rate was 2.99% (95% CI, 2.06–4.31). The composite events rate in the non-ICU group was 0.94% (95% CI, 0.46–0.1.93) and 13.21% (95% CI, 8.7–19.54) in the ICU group. Eleven patients developed bleeding with an overall rate of 1.73% (95% CI, 1.06–2.81). The bleeding rate in the non-ICU group was 0.19% (95% CI, 0.04–0.84), and 9.43% (95% CI, 5.72–15.16) in the ICU group. Of the selected risk factors, the only risk factor that predicted VTE and the composite outcome, was the baseline D-dimer. (OR 1.31, 95% CI, 1.084-1.573, p=0.005) and composite events (OR 1.32, 95% CI, 1.126-1.555, p=0.0007).Conclusion: Of 636 adults with COVID-19, the rate of VTE was similar to the rate of hospitalized patients with a similar degree of critical illness. In contrast to the risk of VTE, we found a high rate of arterial and bleeding complications in patients admitted to ICU. An elevated D-dimer at baseline could predict a thrombotic complication in the COVID-19 patients, which may assist in the identification of these patients. Given the high rate of bleeding, the current study suggests that the intensification of anticoagulation in COVID-19 patients beyond the standard of care, should be pursued with caution and is best evaluated in a randomised controlled study.
Detailed molecular cytogenetic characterisation of the myeloid cell line U937 reveals the fate of homologous chromosomes and shows that centromere capture is a feature of genome instability
Authors: MacKinnon Ruth , Peverall Joanne , Campbell Lynda J. , Wall Meaghan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe U937 cell line is widely employed as a research tool. It has a complex karyotype. A PICALM-MLLT10 fusion gene formed by the recurrent t(10;11) translocation is present, and the myeloid common deleted region at 20q12 has been lost from its near-triploid karyotype. We carried out a detailed investigation of U937 genome reorganisation including the chromosome 20 rearrangements and other complex rearrangements. ResultsSNP array, G-banding and Multicolour FISH identified chromosome segments resulting from unbalanced and balanced rearrangements. The organisation of the abnormal chromosomes containing these segments was then reconstructed with the strategic use of targeted metaphase FISH. This provided more accurate karyotype information for the evolving karyotype. Rearrangements involving the homologues of a chromosome pair could be differentiated in most instances.Centromere capture was demonstrated in an abnormal chromosome containing parts of chromosomes 16 and 20 which were stabilised by joining to a short section of chromosome containing an 11 centromere. This adds to the growing number of examples of centromere capture, which to date have a high incidence in complex karyotypes where the centromeres of the rearranged chromosomes are identified.There were two normal copies of one chromosome 20 homologue, and complex rearrangement of the other homologue including loss of the 20q12 common deleted region. This confirmed the previously reported loss of heterozygosity of this region in U937, and defined the rearrangements giving rise to this loss.Conclusions Centromere capture, stabilising chromosomes pieced together from multiple segments, may be a common feature of complex karyotypes. However, it has only recently been recognised, as this requires deliberate identification of the centromeres of abnormal chromosomes. The approach presented here is invaluable for studying complex reorganised genomes such as those produced by chromothripsis, and provides a more complete picture than can be obtained by microarray, karyotyping or FISH studies alone. One major advantage of SNP arrays for this process is that the two homologues can usually be distinguished when there is more than one rearrangement of a chromosome pair. Tracking the fate of each homologue and of highly repetitive DNA regions such as centromeres helps build a picture of genome evolution. Centromere- and telomere-containing elements are important to deducing chromosome structure. This study confirms and highlights ongoing evolution in cultured cell lines.
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Impairs Erythropoiesis via Inducing Klotho Expression and Not via Bioenergetic Reprogramming
Authors: Tsai Chang-Yi , Fang Te-Ping , Chen Shuoh-Wen , Chen Hsiao-Wen , Lin Eric Chang-Yi , Lin Ting-An , Tarng Der-Cherng , Chang Yuan-I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is one of the phthalates most widely used to manufacture various plastic products. However, the potential effects of DEHP on erythropoiesis have not been investigated comprehensively. Here, we aimed to investigate whether DEHP modulate the function of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to influence erythropoiesis, and to explore the associated mechanisms.Results: In the present study, human cell lines with a capacity to differentiate into erythroid cells and murine bone marrow cells were treated with DEHP. DEHP not only impaired HSPC function but also suppressed erythroid differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, DEHP removal restored HSPC activity. To explore how DEHP interferes with erythroid differentiation, we focused on energy metabolism and Klotho expression. DEHP suppressed erythroid differentiation via upregulation of Klotho expression in erythroblasts and not via cellular bioenergetic modulation.Conclusions: Here, we have demonstrated a novel pathophysiological role of DEHP in erythroid differentiation. DEHP impaired erythroid differentiation by inducing Klotho expression and not by reprogramming cellular bioenergetic profiles during differentiation.
Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Cases and Influencing Factors of Severe Cases in Qingdao City: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jia Jing , Dai Xiaoqi , Jiang Xiaolin , Li Shuo , Wang Xia , Gao Ruqin , Jiang Fachun , Qi Fei , Kang Dianmin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTo analyze the clinical outcomes of COVID-2019 cases and the influencing factors of severe cases in Qingdao City and provide theoretical reference basis for optimizing medical treatment and the strategies of epidemic prevention and control. MethodsThe demographical, epidemiological, clinical data of 81 confirmed COVID-2019 cases in Qingdao City were collected via epidemiological investigation and clinical process tracking. The status of cure, discharge, clinical outcome and influencing factors were analyzed in our study. ResultsAmong the 81 cases，12(14.81%) and 55(67.90%) were mild and ordinary, 9(11.11%) and 4(4.94%) were severe and critical, and 1 critical cases (1.23%) developed into fatal, with the fatality rate 1.23%. The median time from onset of symptoms to hospital admission were 3.67 days (IQR, 1.75 to 6.71). The median duration of illness were 21.00 days (IQR, 16.00 to 26.00) and the median length of hospitalization were 15.63 days (IQR, 11.60 to 20.50). The median time for progression to severe cases was 6.00 days after onset (IQR, 5.00-10.00). The median duration of severe cases was 8.00 days (IQR, 6.25-14.00). Age older than 40 years old (OR=5.797, 95%CI: 1.064~31.568) and first chest CT abnormal (OR=0.1140, 95%CI: 0.014~0.923) were the influencing factors of COVID-2019 severe cases. ConclusionsOlder age and first chest CT normal would be more prone to develop to severe cases of COVID-2019. During the epidemic period, it was necessary to classify and manage cases according to the needs of prevention and control in order to ensure the rational allocation of medical resources.
WITHDRAWN: Numerical Visualization of Grease Flow in a Gearbox
Authors: Liu Hua , Dangl Florian , Lohner Thomas , Stahl Karsten 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Gearbox lubrication plays a decisive role in both load capacity and efficiency. It is necessary for the formation of a lubricant film in tribological contacts, and for heat dissipation. Grease lubrication is often applied to gearboxes at a low operating speed and means that, for example, less effort is required in sealing design compared to oil lubrication. Over the years, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method has frequently been applied to support the lubrication-related design of gearboxes. However, very few studies have focused on grease lubrication. Whereas oil can generally be considered as Newtonian fluid, grease displays complex non-Newtonian flow behavior. In this study, the grease lubrication of a single-stage test gearbox is investigated by means of a finite-volume based CFD model. The numerical results on the grease flow show good accordance with high-speed camera recordings, and clearly display the lubrication mechanisms of “channeling” and “circulating”. These first results on grease flow simulation in gearboxes offer a starting point for further numerical studies.
Design and Analysis of Jittering Mitigator for Robot Arm-tip
Authors: Duan Shuyong , Li Chunlu , Xu Pengfei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To tackle the jittering of a robot arm-tip, a novel method of the jittering mitigation is proposed. The key idea is to transmit the jittering to vibration of a mass block nested inside the jittering-mitigator. This method only requires the frequency of the jittering at the arm-tip. To verify the practicability of the method, a practical robot was applied through simulations and physical experiments. The jittering mitigator device can be directly attached to or detached from the arm-tip. The jittering at the arm-tip was first measured through experiments using accelerometers connected to the vibration and noise testing system. Then, the dominant frequency was identified through fast Fourier transform analysis. The theoretical parameters of the jittering mitigator were calculated accordingly. A model was established to simulate the jitter reduction effect of the mitigator. The results revealed a 68% reduction in the average amplitude of the jittering vibration at the arm-tip, which is corroborated by the experiment results. The proposed method could be applicable to all types of robot because it only requires computing the frequency of jitter.
Evaluation of Short-term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Heller Cardiomyotomy with Dor Fundoplication Versus Pneumatic Dilatation for Treatment of Achalasia
Authors: Khaled Islam , Behairy Gad M. , Saeed Mohamed , Abdulaziz Sara , Omar Leena S. , Alshafie Somia , Elhaj Mugahid , Faisal Mohammed 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Achalasia is a rare esophageal motility disorder of unknown cause. However, the best treatment modality for achalasia is controversial. Treatment consists of disruption of the lower esophageal sphincter, classically either by endoscopic pneumatic dilation or laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy combined with an anti-reﬂux procedure. The study aim was to compare laparoscopic Heller cardiomyotomy plus Dor Fundoplication with pneumatic dilatation for treatment of achalasia.Methods: In this interventional study, we included 50 adult patients diagnosed as having achalasia by performing either a barium study or by the absence of peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter on esophageal manometry. The patients were randomly classified into two groups according to the intervention performed: pneumatic dilation or laparoscopic Heller’s cardiomyotomy with Dor’s fundoplication(LHCM). Follow-up evaluations were performed after 8 and 16 months.Results: In total, 50 patients with achalasia and an Eckardt symptom score > 3 were managed by two different interventions according to their groups.After 16 months of follow up the height of a barium-contrast column after 5 min was significantly lower in the LHCM group than in the pneumatic dilation group. There were no other statistically significant differences in the primary or secondary outcomes(Eckardt score, lower esophageal sphincter, and quality of life) between the two groups.Conclusion: After 16 months of follow-up, the rates of therapeutic success and number of complications were nearly similar between LHCM and pneumatic dilation. We conclude that either treatment is suitable as an initial treatment for achalasia.
Safety of Stoma Closure within 90 Days after Low Anterior Resection and Diverting Ileostomy
Authors: Fukudome Ian , Maeda Hiromichi , Okamoto Ken , Kuroiwa Hajime , Yamaguchi Sachi , Fujisawa Kazune , Shiga Mai , Dabanaka Ken , Kobayashi Michiya , Namikawa Tutomu , Hanazaki Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background This study aimed to clarify the safety of early closure in diverting ileostomy with lower anterior rectal-cancer resection.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 47 patients who underwent diverting ileostomy with lower rectal-cancer resection between May 2009 and October 2017. The results of the stoma closure were compared between patients who underwent stoma closure within 90 days (early closure [EC] group) and those who underwent late closure (LC group; closure after 90 days). Because of the small sample size, the frequency of severe complications post closure was analyzed. ResultsAmong 47 patients, 29 were in the EC group. Postoperative complications occurred in 48.3% (14/29) and 27.8% (5/18) of patients in the EC and LC groups, respectively. This difference was due to minor complications (Clavien-Dindo Classification I/II), such as superficial incisional surgical site infections (n=5) in the EC group. The rate of severe complications (Clavien-Dindo Classification ≥ III) was similar between the groups (20.7% vs. 16.7%, p=1, Fisher’s exact test). ConclusionsNo association was observed between the time of closure and development of major complications; however, there was an increased likelihood of minor complications after EC. This study provides a basis on which future treatment guidelines for early stoma closure may be developed without affecting patient quality of life.