bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic mucosal resection is effective for laterally spreading lesions at the anorectal junction
Authors: Shahidi Neal , Sidhu Mayenaaz , Vosko Sergei , van Hattem W Arnout , Bar-Yishay Iddo , Schoeman Scott , Tate David J , Holt Bronte , Hourigan Luke F , Lee Eric YT , Burgess Nicholas G , Bourke Michael J 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThe optimal approach for removing large laterally spreading lesions at the anorectal junction (ARJ-LSLs) is unknown. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a definitive therapy for colorectal LSLs. It is unclear whether it is an effective modality for ARJ-LSLs.DesignEMR outcomes for ARJ-LSLs (distal margin of ≤20 mm from the dentate line) in comparison with rectal LSLs (distal margin of >20 mm from the dentate line) were evaluated within a multicentre observational cohort of LSLs of ≥20 mm. Technical success was defined as the removal of all polypoid tissue during index EMR. Safety was evaluated by the frequencies of intraprocedural bleeding, delayed bleeding, deep mural injury (DMI) and delayed perforation. Long-term efficacy was evaluated by the absence of recurrence (either endoscopic or histologic) at surveillance colonoscopy (SC).ResultsBetween July 2008 and August 2019, 100 ARJ-LSLs and 313 rectal LSLs underwent EMR. ARJ-LSL median size was 40 mm (IQR 35–60 mm). Median follow-up at SC4 was 54 months (IQR 33–83 months). Technical success was 98%. Cancer was present in three (3%). Recurrence occurred in 15.4%, 6.8%, 3.7% and 0% at SC1–SC4, respectively. Among 30 ARJ-LSLs that received margin thermal ablation, no recurrence was identified at SC1 (0.0% vs 25.0%, p=0.002). Technical success, recurrence and adverse events were not different between groups, except for DMI (ARJ-LSLs 0% vs rectal LSLs 4.5%, p=0.027).ConclusionEMR is an effective technique for ARJ-LSLs and should be considered a first-line resection modality for the majority of these lesions.
Aortic valve repair techniques: an early UK experience
Authors: Greco Renata , Muretti Mirko , Jin Xu Yu , Petrou Mario 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesRetrospective review of early results with aortic valve repair (AVr) techniques.Methods61 consecutive patients underwent AVr surgery at our institutions between 2008 and 2018. 14 patients had a bicuspid aortic valve and 16 had a connective tissue disorder. In 48 patients, aortic regurgitation (AR) was secondary to an aortic root and/or ascending aneurysms, while in 13 it was due to primary cusp pathologies. 13 patients underwent isolated cusp repair, 19 sinotubular junction remodelling, 25 valve-sparing root replacement (VSRR) and 4 hemiroot replacement. Cusp repair techniques included: 18 free margin plication, 18 commissural re-suspensions, 3 raphe resections and 1 free-edge reinforcement. Subcommissural annuloplasty was performed in 25 patients (42%) with a dilated annulus (>28 mm).Results50 patients (82%) left the operating theatre with no AR, 8 with mild central and 3 with mild eccentric AR. In-hospital survival was 100%. Clinical follow-up was complete at 5.08±2.29 years and all patients were alive. Transthoracic echocardiographic follow-up was complete at 2.35±1.92 years and showed the presence of a moderate AR in 10 patients (18%) and severe AR in 2 patients (4%). One of these required re-do aortic valve replacement 6 years after VSRR. Freedom from re-operation at 8 years was 88.15%±1.51%.ConclusionGood early results are achievable following AVr with acceptable medium-term outcomes. AVr surgery continues to evolve, and concentrating the experience in specialist centres in the UK is recommended.
Early follow-up after open heart valve surgery reduces healthcare costs: a propensity matched study
Authors: Borregaard Britt , Møller Jacob Eifer , Dahl Jordi Sanchez , Riber Lars Peter Schødt , Berg Selina Kikkenborg , Ekholm Ola , Weiss Marc Gjern , Lykking Emilie Karense , Sibilitz Kirstine Lærum , Sørensen Jan 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThe objective was to assess differences in healthcare costs within 180 days after discharge from open heart valve surgery in an intervention group receiving early, individualised and intensified follow-up compared with a historical control group.MethodsA cost-minimisation analysis comparing costs from a consecutive prospective cohort compared with a propensity matched cohort. Costs related to the intervention, hospital (outpatient visits and readmissions) and general practitioners (all contacts) were included. Data were obtained from electronic patient records and registry data. A logistic propensity model was used to identify the historical control group. Main results are presented as mean differences and 95% CIs based on bootstrapping.ResultsAfter matching, the analysis included 300 patients from the intervention group and 580 controls. The mean intervention cost was €171 (SD 79) per patient. After 180 days, the mean healthcare costs were €1284 (SD 2567) for the intervention group and €2077 (SD 4773) for the controls. The cost of the intervention group was €793 (p<0.001) less per patient. The cost differences were explained mainly by fewer readmissions, fewer overall emergency visits and fewer contacts to the general practitioner during out-of-hours in the intervention group.ConclusionsThe intervention consisting of early, individualised and intensified follow-up after open heart valve surgery significantly reduced the healthcare costs within 180 days after discharge.
Intraoperative REBOA: an analysis of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma AORTA registry
Authors: Vella Michael A , Dumas Ryan Peter , DuBose Joseph , Morrison Jonathan , Scalea Thomas , Moore Laura , Podbielski Jeanette , Inaba Kenji , Piccinini Alice , Kauvar David S , Baggenstoss Valorie L , Spalding Chance , Fox Charles , Moore Ernest E , Cannon Jeremy W 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundResuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a less-invasive technique for aortic occlusion (AO). Commonly performed in the emergency department (ED), the role of intraoperative placement is less defined. We hypothesized that operating room (OR) placement is associated with increased in-hospital mortality.MethodsThe American Association for the Surgery of Trauma AORTA registry was used to identify patients undergoing REBOA. Injury characteristics and outcomes data were compared between OR and ED groups. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality; secondary outcomes included total AO time, transfusion requirements, and acute kidney injury.ResultsLocation and timing of catheter insertion were available for 305 of 321 (95%) subjects. 58 patients underwent REBOA in the OR (19%). There were no differences with respect to sex, admission lactate, and Injury Severity Score. The OR group was younger (33 years vs. 41 years, p=0.01) and with more penetrating injuries (36% vs. 15%, p<0.001). There were significant differences with respect to admission physiology. Time from admission to AO was longer in the OR group (75 minutes vs. 23 minutes, p<0.001) as was time to definitive hemostasis (116 minutes vs. 79 minutes, p=0.01). Unadjusted mortality was lower in the OR group (36.2% vs. 68.8%, p<0.001). There were no differences in secondary outcomes. After controlling for covariates, there was no association between insertion location and in-hospital mortality (OR 1.8, 95% CI 0.30 to 11.50).DiscussionOR REBOA placement is common and generally employed in patients with more stable admission physiology. OR placement was not associated with increased in-hospital mortality despite longer times to AO and definite hemostasis when compared with catheters placed in the ED.Level of evidenceIV; therapeutic/care management.
Dynamically assisted Schwinger effect at strong coupling with its holographic extension
Authors: Lan Chen , Wang Yi-Fan , Geng Huifang , Andreev Alexander 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
At strong-coupling and weak-field limit, the scalar Schwinger effect is studied by the field-theoretical method of worldline instantons for dynamic fields of single-pulse and sinusoidal types. By examining the Wilson loop along the closed instanton path, corrections to the results obtained from weak-coupling approximations are discovered. They show that this part of contribution for production rate becomes dominant as Keldysh parameter increases, it makes the consideration at strong coupling turn out to be indispensable for dynamic fields. Moreover a breaking of weak-field condition similar to constant field also happens around the critical field, defined as a point of vacuum cascade. In order to make certain whether the vacuum cascade occurs beyond the weak-field condition, following Semenoff and Zarembo’s proposal, the Schwinger effects of dynamic fields are studied with an $${\mathcal {N}}=4$$N=4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory in the Coulomb phase. With the help of the gauge/gravity duality, the vacuum decay rate is evaluated by the string action with instanton worldline as boundary, which is located on a probe D3–brane. The corresponding classical worldsheets are estimated by perturbing the integrable case of a constant field.
Nanoshell Si/Cu composites as anode materials for lithium ion battery
Authors: Zhang Manshu , Shen Lian , Liu Yangai 
Published: November 2019

The chemical plating methods were used to prepare nanoshell Si/Cu composites. The methods delivered a high initial discharge and charge capacity of 1312.1 and 1008.8 mAh/g, respectively. The electrochemical properties of the composites retained about 662.6 mAh/g after 100 cycles. The Cu coating improved the electrical conductivity but hindered the direct contact of the Si particles and the electrolyte, which suppressed the SEI growth.
Iron Overload Damages the Endothelial Mitochondria via the ROS/ADMA/DDAHII/eNOS/NO Pathway
Authors: He Huan , Qiao Yang , Zhou Qing , Wang Zhiqing , Chen Xuepiao , Liu Dan , Yin Dong , He Ming 
Published: November 2019

It has been recognized that iron overload may harm the body’s health. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are one of the main targets of iron overload injury, and the mechanism involved was thought to be related to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the subcellular and temporal characteristics of ROS generation, potential downstream mechanisms, and target organelles in VECs injured by iron overload have not been expounded yet. In this study, we elucidated the abovementioned issues through both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Mice were fed pellet diets that were supplemented with iron for 4 consecutive months. Results showed that the thoracic aortic strips’ endothelium-dependent dilation was significantly impaired and associated with inflammatory changes, noticeable under brown TUNEL-positive staining in microscopy analysis. In addition, the serum content of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) increased, whereas nitric oxide (NO) levels decreased. Furthermore, the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase II (DDAHII) expression and activity, as well as the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in aortic tissue, were inhibited. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with 50 μM iron dextran for 48 hours, after which the cell viability, NO content, DDAHII expression and activity, and phosphorylation of eNOS decreased and lactate dehydrogenase and caspase-3 activity, ADMA content, and apoptotic cells significantly increased. After the addition of L-arginine (L-Arg) or pAD/DDAHII, the abovementioned changes were reversed. By dynamically detecting the changes of ROS generation in the cytoplasm and mitochondria and interfering with different aspects of signaling pathways, we have confirmed for the first time that excessive ROS originates from the cytoplasm and activates the ROS-induced ROS release (RIRR) mechanism, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Together, our data suggested that excessive free iron ions produced excess ROS in the cytoplasm. Thus, excess ROS create one vicious circle by activating the ADMA/eNOS/DDAHII/NO pathway and another vicious circle by activation of the RIRR mechanism, which, when combined, induce a ROS burst, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and damaged VECs.
A High-Avidity T-cell Receptor Redirects Natural Killer T-cell Specificity and Outcompetes the Endogenous Invariant T-cell Receptor
Authors: Landoni Elisa , Smith Christof C. , Fucá Giovanni , Chen Yuhui , Sun Chuang , Vincent Benjamin G. , Metelitsa Leonid S. , Dotti Gianpietro , Savoldo Barbara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer redirects T cells to target intracellular antigens. However, the potential autoreactivity generated by TCR mispairing and occurrence of graft-versus-host disease in the allogenic setting due to the retention of native TCRs remain major concerns. Natural killer T cells (NKT) have shown promise as a platform for adoptive T-cell therapy in cancer patients. Here, we showed their utility for TCR gene transfer. We successfully engineered and expanded NKTs expressing a functional TCR (TCR NKTs), showing HLA-restricted antitumor activity in xenogeneic mouse models in the absence of graft-versus-mouse reactions. We found that TCR NKTs downregulated the invariant TCR (iTCR), leading to iTCR+TCR+ and iTCR−TCR+ populations. In-depth analyses of these subsets revealed that in iTCR−TCR+ NKTs, the iTCR, although expressed at the mRNA and protein levels, was retained in the cytoplasm. This effect resulted from a competition for binding to CD3 molecules for cell-surface expression by the transgenic TCR. Overall, our results highlight the feasibility and advantages of using NKTs for TCR expression for adoptive cell immunotherapies. NKT-low intrinsic alloreactivity that associated with the observed iTCR displacement by the engineered TCR represents ideal characteristics for “off-the-shelf” products without further TCR gene editing.
Assessing the Magnitude of Immunogenic Cell Death Following Chemotherapy and Irradiation Reveals a New Strategy to Treat Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ye Jian , Mills Bradley N. , Zhao Tony , Han Booyeon J. , Murphy Joseph D. , Patel Ankit P. , Johnston Carl J. , Lord Edith M. , Belt Brian A. , Linehan David C. , Gerber Scott A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to have a dismal prognosis, in part, due to ineffective treatment strategies. The efficacy of some chemotherapies and especially radiotherapy is mediated partially by the immune system. Therefore, we hypothesized that profiling the immune response following chemotherapy and/or irradiation can be used as a readout for treatment efficacy but also to help identify optimal therapeutic schedules for PDAC. Using murine models of PDAC, we demonstrated that concurrent administration of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and a modified dose of FOLFIRINOX (mFX) resulted in superior tumor control when compared with single or sequential treatment groups. Importantly, this combined treatment schedule enhanced the magnitude of immunogenic cell death, which in turn amplified tumor antigen presentation by dendritic cells and intratumoral CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Concurrent therapy also resulted in systemic immunity contributing to the control of established metastases. These findings provide a rationale for pursuing concurrent treatment schedules of SBRT with mFX in PDAC.
<strong>The Trichoptera World Checklist</strong>
Authors: MORSE JOHN C. 
Published: November 2019

The Trichoptera World Checklist (TWC) is a project of the successive International Symposia on Trichoptera, with the responsibility for its policy and maintenance assigned to the international Trichoptera Checklist Coordinating Committee. The TWC originated 20 years ago and has been available on the worldwide web for over 11 years, providing ready access to data regarding caddisfly taxa. Security is assured by daily backup of the database. Trichoptera scientists everywhere are urged to continue sending their published research to the Editor. As of June 2009, the TWC included records for 13,574 valid, extant species and 308 valid, extant subspecies in 609 genera of 47 families. It also included 650 valid, extinct (fossil) species, 113 extinct genera, and 8 extinct families. The density of species among biogeographic regions is variable, with known species density in the Oriental Region about 7.5 times that in the Afrotropical Region.
<p class="HeadingRunIn"><strong>The biology of the limnephilid caddisfly <em>Dicosmoecus gilvipes</em> (Hagen) in Northern California and Oregon (USA) Streams</strong></p>
Authors: Resh Vincent H. , Hannaford Morgan , Jackson John K. , Lamberti Gary A. , Mendez Patina K. 
Published: November 2019

The limnephilid caddisfly Dicosmoecus gilvipies (Hagen) occurs in many streams of northwestern United States and British Columbia. Because of the large size of the fully grown larva, its synchronous emergence pattern, and its frequent imitation by fly-fishing anglers, D. gilvipes is one of the best known North American aquatic insects. Egg masses are found at the bases of Carex sedges. Cases of early larval instars are made of organic material and detritus; 3rd and 4th instars incorporate pebbles into cases. The 5th-instar case is made entirely of mineral material. Larvae can travel up to 25 m per day, and are predominantly scraper-grazers. Fifth instars attach their cases to the underside of boulders in mid-summer and remain dormant until pupation in autumn. All northern California populations known are univoltine. Adult females use sex pheromones to attract males; most males come to trapped females in the 1st hour after sunset. In laboratory studies, males and females fly during the mate attraction period but generally not at other times. Males but not females exhibit circadian rhythms that govern flight periodicity. In enclosures to study biotic interactions, the density of D. gilvipes larvae has a negative effect on the densities of sessile grazers. This species has been widely used in trophic and behavioral studies conducted in the laboratory and field, and may be a model organism for ecological studies of caddisflies and other benthic macroinvertebrates.
<p class="HeadingRunIn"><strong>Diet and secondary production of some species of <em>Hydropsyche</em> larvae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the tailwater affected by dam removal and the emptying of an impoundment</strong></p>
Authors: TSZYDEL MARIUSZ , GRZYBKOWSKA MARIA 
Published: November 2019

The diet of 4th and 5th instar larvae of filter-feeding trichopteran species [Hydropsyche contubernalis McLachlan, H. modesta Navás and H. pellucidula (Curtis)] that are dominant in the benthos in riffle habitats was analysed. Caddisflies were collected in a river section downstream of a dam. Samples were collected in 2 periods: S1—during the functioning of the dam reservoir, and S2—just after it was emptied (reservoir recovery). Gut contents were examined from the anterior part of the alimentary canal. Formless content, diatoms and other algae were considered as detritus. The diet of 4th instars mostly consisted of plant and animal detritus, with a small contribution of early stages of Chironomidae larvae. In contrast, 5th instars consumed larger chironomids in the subfamilies Orthocladiinae and Tanytarsini. When the reservoir was emptied, an increase in the contribution of invertebrates to the diet was observed – chironomid larvae, trichopterans and ostracods dominated. In spring they were Chironomidae (Cricotopus sp.), while in winter and summer Simuliidae. The most diversified diet was recorded in H. contubernalis and H. modesta in the summer of S2. Trichopteran secondary production in the investigated river section was similar in both study periods: 38.8 in S1 and 35.3 g dry mass m-2 year-1 in S2. In both study periods, the highest values of production were recorded in the stony riffle habitat, where H. contubernalis comprizeded 23.4% (S1) and 18.8% (S2) of total annual trichopteran production originating from all the investigated habitats.
Substance or Semantics? The Consequences of Definitional Ambiguity for White-collar Research
Authors: Galvin Miranda A. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: To determine whether different conceptions (Populist, Patrician) and operationalizations of “white-collar crime” produce different substantive conclusions, using the applied case of sentencing in federal criminal court. Method: Federal Justice Statistics Program data are used to identify white-collar and comparable crimes referred for prosecution in 2009 to 2011 that were also sentenced through 2013. Five different operational strategies are used to identify “white-collar crime” and are employed in separate hurdle regressions jointly capturing incarceration and sentence length. Differences in model coefficients and case composition are discussed across definitions. Results: There are differences in the relationship between “white-collar crime” and incarceration both between and within Populist and Patrician conceptions. These differences are most pronounced at the in/out decision but are also present for sentence length. Conclusions: Contradictory findings from past research are largely able to be replicated within a single sample simply by changing the conception and operationalization of white-collar crime used. This demonstrates that debating what is “truly” white-collar crime is not just an exercise in semantics—it is a conceptual and methodological choice that can have dramatic consequences on what (we think) we know about the treatment of white-collar crime in the criminal justice system.
Treatment of patients with cervical and upper thoracic incomplete spinal cord injury using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Leszczyńska Katarzyna , Wincek Agnieszka , Fortuna Wojciech , Huber Juliusz , Łukaszek Jagoda , Okurowski Stefan , Chmielak Krzysztof , Tabakow Paweł 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the short- and long-term effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with parameters based on results of comparative neurophysiological studies in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. Results may help to understand mechanisms responsible for regeneration of the incomplete spinal cord after injury. Methods: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation sessions (three to five sessions per month for not less than 5 months) to 15 patients with C4-Th2 incomplete spinal cord injury were applied with individually designed parameters. One session consisted of bilateral stimulation of the primary motor cortex (for 10 min each with 800 stimuli in 2-s lasting trains and the inter-train intervals of 28 s) with frequency at 20–22 Hz and stimulus strength that was 70%–80% of the resting motor threshold (0.84–0.96 T). Recordings of surface electromyography at rest and during the attempt of maximal muscle contractions and motor evoked potentials were performed from abductor pollicis brevis and tibialis anterior muscles bilaterally. Amplitude parameters of surface electromyography and motor evoked potentials were used as outcomes. All neurophysiological tests were comparatively applied before and after treatment. Results: Decrease in surface electromyography amplitudes recorded at rest from abductor pollicis brevis (p = 0.009), increase in surface electromyography amplitudes during maximal contraction of abductor pollicis brevis (p = 0.03) and increase in motor evoked potential parameters recorded from abductor pollicis brevis (p = 0.04) were found. Conclusion: Proposed repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation algorithm reduced the increased muscle tension in upper extremity muscles, improved the function of upper extremity muscle motor units and slightly improved the transmission of efferent neural impulses within spinal pathways. Besides functional recovery in descending spinal pathways, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may also inhibit inevitable pathological changes in nerves.