bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The accretion history of high-mass stars: an ArTéMiS pilot study of infrared dark clouds
Authors: Peretto N , Rigby A , André Ph , Könyves V , Fuller G , Zavagno A , Schuller F , Arzoumanian D , Bontemps S , Csengeri T , Didelon P , Duarte-Cabral A , Palmeirim P , Pezzuto S , Revéret V , Roussel H , Shimajiri Y 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The mass growth of protostars is a central element to the determination of fundamental stellar population properties such as the initial mass function. Constraining the accretion history of individual protostars is therefore an important aspect of star formation research. The goal of the study presented here is to determine whether high-mass (proto)stars gain their mass from a compact (&lt;0.1 pc) fixed-mass reservoir of gas, often referred to as dense cores, in which they are embedded, or whether the mass growth of high-mass stars is governed by the dynamical evolution of the parsec-scale clump that typically surrounds them. To achieve this goal, we performed a 350-μm continuum mapping of 11 infrared dark clouds, along side some of their neighbouring clumps, with the ArTéMiS camera on APEX. By identifying about 200 compact ArTéMiS sources, and matching them with Herschel Hi-GAL 70 -μm sources, we have been able to produce mass versus temperature diagrams. We compare the nature (i.e. starless or protostellar) and location of the ArTéMiS sources in these diagrams with modelled evolutionary tracks of both core-fed and clump-fed accretion scenarios. We argue that the latter provide a better agreement with the observed distribution of high-mass star-forming cores. However, a robust and definitive conclusion on the question of the accretion history of high-mass stars requires larger number statistics.
Properties of two-temperature magnetized advective accretion flow around rotating black hole
Authors: Dihingia Indu K , Das Santabrata , Prabhakar Geethu , Mandal Samir 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the two-temperature magnetized advective accretion flow around the Kerr black holes (BHs). During accretion, ions are heated up due to viscous dissipation, and when Coulomb coupling becomes effective, they transfer a part of their energy to the electrons. On the contrary, electrons lose energy due to various radiative cooling processes, namely bremsstrahlung, synchrotron, and Comtonization processes, respectively. To account for the magnetic contribution inside the disc, we consider the toroidal magnetic fields which are assumed to be dominant over other components. Moreover, we adopt the relativistic equation of state to describe the thermal characteristics of the flow. With this, we calculate the global transonic accretion solutions around the rotating BHs. We find that accretion solution containing multiple critical points may harbour shock wave provided the standing shock conditions are satisfied. Further, we investigate the shock properties, such as shock location (xs) and compression ratio (R) that delineate the post-shock corona (hereafter PSC) and find that the dynamics of PSC is controlled by the flow parameters, such as accretion rate (${\dot{m}}$) and magnetic fields (β, defined as the ratio of gas pressure to the magnetic pressure), etc. Finally, we calculate the emission spectra of the accretion flows containing PSC and indicate that both ${\dot{m}}$ and β play the pivotal roles in explaining the spectral state transitions commonly observed for BH X-ray binaries.
The X-ray view of merger-induced active galactic nuclei activity at low redshift
Authors: Secrest Nathan J , Ellison Sara L , Satyapal Shobita , Blecha Laura 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Galaxy mergers are predicted to trigger accretion on to the central supermassive black holes, with the highest rates occurring during final coalescence. Previously, we have shown elevated rates of both optical and mid-IR selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in post-mergers, but to date the prevalence of X-ray AGNs has not been examined in the same systematic way. We present XMM–Newton data of 43 post-merger galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey along with 430 non-interacting control galaxies matched in stellar mass, redshift, and environment in order to test for an excess of hard X-ray (2–10 keV) emission in post-mergers attributable to triggered AGNs. We find two X-ray detections in the post-mergers ($4.7^{+9.3}_{-3.8}{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) and nine in the controls ($2.1^{+1.5}_{-1.0}{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$), an excess of $2.22^{+4.44}_{-2.22}$, where the confidence intervals are 90 per cent. While, we therefore do not find statistically significant evidence for an X-ray AGN excess in post-mergers (p = 0.26), we find a factor of ∼17 excess of mid-IR AGNs in our sample, consistent with the past work and inconsistent with the observed X-ray excess (p = 2.7 × 10−4). Dominant, luminous AGNs are therefore more frequent in post-mergers, and the lack of a comparable excess of 2–10 keV X-ray AGNs suggests that AGNs in post-mergers are more likely to be heavily obscured. Our results are consistent with the post-merger stage being characterized by enhanced AGN fueling, heavy AGN obscuration, and more intrinsically luminous AGN, in line with theoretical predictions.
Waves in thin oceans on oblate neutron stars
Authors: van Baal Bart F A , Chambers Frank R N , Watts Anna L 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Waves in thin fluid layers are important in various stellar and planetary problems. Due to rapid rotation such systems will become oblate, with a latitudinal variation in the gravitational acceleration across the surface of the object. In the case of accreting neutron stars, rapid rotation could lead to a polar radius smaller than the equatorial radius by a factor ∼0.8. We investigate how the oblateness and a changing gravitational acceleration affect different hydrodynamic modes that exist in such fluid layers through analytic approximations and numerical calculations. The wave vectors of g modes and Yanai modes increase for more oblate systems compared to spherical counterparts, although the impact of variations in the changing gravitational acceleration is effectively negligible. We find that for increased oblateness, Kelvin modes show less equatorial confinement and little change in their wave vector. For r modes, we find that for more oblate systems the wave vector decreases. The exact manner of these changes for the r modes depends on the model for the gravitational acceleration across the surface.
Crystal structure of an atypical cobalamin riboswitch reveals RNA structural adaptability as basis for promiscuous ligand binding
Authors: Chan Clarence W , Mondragón Alfonso 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cobalamin riboswitches encompass a structurally diverse group of cis-acting, gene regulatory elements found mostly in bacterial messenger RNA and are classified into subtypes based on secondary and tertiary characteristics. An unusual variant of the cobalamin riboswitch with predicted structural features was identified in Bacillus subtilis over a decade ago, but its structure and mechanisms of cobalamin selectivity and translational control have remained unsolved. We present the crystal structure of the aptamer domain of this atypical cobalamin riboswitch and a model for the complete riboswitch, including its expression platform domain. We demonstrate that this riboswitch binds to multiple cobalamin derivatives and correlate its promiscuous behavior to its structure and unique arrangement of peripheral elements. Comparative structural analyses between conventional cobalamin riboswitches and the B. subtilis cobalamin riboswitch reveal that the likely basis for this promiscuous ligand binding is intrinsic structural adaptability encoded in the RNA structure. It suggests that cobalamin selectivity might ultimately be viewed as existing on a spectrum of affinity for each derivative rather than as belonging to distinct types based on ligand specificities. Our work provides an interesting and notable example of functional coupling of ligand-sensing and adaptive folding by a structured RNA molecule.
Psychosocial Mechanisms of Cognitive-Behavioral–Based Physical Therapy Outcomes After Spine Surgery: Preliminary Findings From Mediation Analyses
Authors: Coronado Rogelio A , Ehde Dawn M , Pennings Jacquelyn S , Vanston Susan W , Koyama Tatsuki , Phillips Sharon E , Mathis Shannon L , McGirt Matthew J , Spengler Dan M , Aaronson Oran S , Cheng Joseph S , Devin Clinton J , Wegener Stephen T , Archer Kristin R 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveChanging Behavior through Physical Therapy (CBPT), a cognitive-behavioral–based program, has been shown to improve outcomes after lumbar spine surgery in patients with a high psychosocial risk profile; however, little is known about potential mechanisms associated with CBPT treatment effects. The purpose of this study was to explore potential mediators underlying CBPT efficacy after spine surgery.MethodsIn this secondary analysis, 86 participants were enrolled in a randomized trial comparing a postoperative CBPT (n = 43) and education program (n = 43). Participants completed validated questionnaires at 6 weeks (baseline) and 3 and 6 months following surgery for back pain (Brief Pain Inventory), disability (Oswestry Disability Index), physical health (12-Item Short-Form Health Survey), fear of movement (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale), and pain self-efficacy (Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire). Parallel multiple mediation analyses using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) were conducted to examine whether 3- and 6-month changes in fear of movement, pain catastrophizing, and pain self-efficacy mediate treatment outcome effects at 6 months.ResultsSix-month changes, but not 3-month changes, in fear of movement and pain self-efficacy mediated postoperative outcomes at 6 months. Specifically, changes in fear of movement mediated the effects of CBPT treatment on disability (indirect effect = −2.0 [95% CI = −4.3 to 0.3]), whereas changes in pain self-efficacy mediated the effects of CBPT treatment on physical health (indirect effect = 3.5 [95% CI = 1.2 to 6.1]).ConclusionsThis study advances evidence on potential mechanisms underlying cognitive-behavioral strategies. Future work with larger samples is needed to establish whether these factors are a definitive causal mechanism.ImpactFear of movement and pain self-efficacy may be important mechanisms to consider when developing and testing psychologically informed physical therapy programs.
Staying in Place: Federalism and the Political Economy of Place Attachment
Authors: Jacobs Nicholas F , Munis B K 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA growing number of scholars have documented how social identities defined by an attachment to place influence individuals’ understandings about political power and representation. Drawing on this theoretical framework, we explore how place-based identities matter for American federalism by documenting how attachments to the American states alter individuals’ decisions to leave, or exit, as well as to welcome newcomers into their local communities. Using a set of conjoint experiments designed to measure individual attitudes about place, politics, and America’s federal polity, we find evidence that Americans hold deep and consequential attitudes about the places in which they live. Our evidence confirms that state identities are still highly relevant in shaping American federalism and the competitive pressures between intergovernmental jurisdictions. While federalism may encourage individuals to leave, federalism also nourishes place-specific attachments, motivating people to stay.
Sarcoidosis diagnosed in the elderly: a case–control study
Authors: Bert A , Gilbert T , Cottin V , Mercier J , Gerfaud-Valentin M , Durieu I , Hot A , Hicks J , Varron L , Seve P , Jamilloux Y 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Background
Studies on sarcoidosis in elderly patients are scarce and none have specifically evaluated patients aged ≥75 at onset.

Aim
We aimed to analyse the characteristics of patients with sarcoidosis diagnosed after 75 and to compare them with those of younger patients.

Design
Multicenter case–control study comparing elderly-onset sarcoidosis (EOS) with young-onset sarcoidosis (YOS) seen at Lyon University Hospitals between 2006 and 2018.

Methods
Using our institutional database, we included 34 patients in the EOS group and compared them with 102 controls from the YOS group in a 1:3 ratio. Demographic characteristics, medical history, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging findings, sites of biopsies, histological analyses, treatments and outcomes were recorded using a comprehensive questionnaire.

Results
There were more Caucasians in the EOS group (94.1% vs. 59.8%; P &lt; 0.001), who had significantly more comorbidities (mean, 3.1 ± 2 vs. 1.1 ± 1.6; P &lt; 0.001). In the EOS group, there was less pulmonary involvement (26.5% vs. 49%; P = 0.022), less lymphadenopathy (2.9% vs. 16.7%; P = 0.041), no erythema nodosum (0% vs. 12.8%; P = 0.029) and no arthralgia (0% vs. 25.5%; P = 0.001). Conversely, uveitis was more common in the EOS group (55.9% vs. 20.6%; P &lt; 0.001). Pathological confirmation was obtained significantly less frequently in the EOS group (67.7% vs. 85.3%; P = 0.023). Corticosteroid-related side effects were significantly more common in the EOS group (100% vs. 75.9%; P = 0.030).

Conclusion
Epidemiology and clinical presentation of EOS differs from YOS, including more comorbidities and more uveitis. Elderly patients are more prone to corticosteroid side effects.
Cardiovascular risk and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis compared with diabetes mellitus and the general population
Authors: Løgstrup Brian B , Ellingsen Torkell , Pedersen Alma B , Darvalics Bianka , Olesen Kevin K W , Bøtker Hans Erik , Maeng Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with incident RA, diabetes mellitus (DM) and the general population (GP).MethodsPatients diagnosed with incident RA were matched 1:5 by age, sex and year of RA diagnosis with the GP. In the same period, patients with incident DM were included. Outcomes were heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), coronary revascularization, stroke, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and death up to 10 years after diagnosis.ResultsWe included 15 032 patients with incident RA, 301 246 patients with DM and 75 160 persons from the GP. RA patients had an increased risk of HF [hazard ratio (HR) 1.51, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.64], MI (HR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.43, 1.74), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; HR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.62), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG; HR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.62) and stroke (HR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.12–1.33) compared with the GP. However, the 10-year all-cause mortality was at the same level as observed in the GP. Cardiac death and MACE were increased in RA compared with the GP. When compared with patients with DM, RA patients had a lower adjusted risk of HF (HR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.85), CABG (HR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.76) and stroke (HR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.89), and similar risk of MI and PCI. DM patients had the highest risk of 10-year mortality, cardiac death and MACE.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that RA is associated with an increased risk of HF, MI, stroke and coronary revascularization than found in the GP but without reaching the risk levels observed in DM patients.
Lupus nephritis: clinical presentations and outcomes in the 21st century
Authors: Gasparotto Michela , Gatto Mariele , Binda Valentina , Doria Andrea , Moroni Gabriella 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLupus nephritis (LN) is a frequent and severe manifestation of SLE. Along the decades, the epidemiology of LN and its clinical presentation have been changing. However, even though retrospective cohort studies report a decreased mortality rate and an improvement in the disease prognosis, the percentage of patients progressing into end stage renal disease (ESRD) keeps steady despite the improvements in therapeutic strategies. Current in-use medications have been available for decades now, yet over the years, regimens for optimizing their efficacy and minimizing toxicity have been developed. Therapeutic research is now moving towards the direction of precision medicine and several new drugs, targeting selectively different pathogenetic pathways, are currently under evaluation with promising results. In this review, we address the main changes and persistent unmet needs in LN management throughout the past decades, with a focus on prognosis and upcoming treatments.
Do Current Measures of Polygenic Risk for Mental Disorders Contribute to Population Variance in Mental Health?
Authors: Marsman Anne , Pries Lotta-Katrin , ten Have Margreet , de Graaf Ron , van Dorsselaer Saskia , Bak Maarten , Kenis Gunter , Lin Bochao D , Luykx Jurjen J , Rutten Bart P F , Guloksuz Sinan , van Os Jim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The polygenic risk score (PRS) allows for quantification of the relative contributions of genes and environment in population-based studies of mental health. We analyzed the impact of transdiagnostic schizophrenia PRS and measures of familial and environmental risk on the level of and change in general mental health (Short-Form-36 mental health) in the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 general population sample, interviewed 4 times over a period of 9 years, yielding 8901 observations in 2380 individuals. Schizophrenia PRS, family history, somatic pain, and a range of environmental risks and social circumstances were included in the regression model of level of and change in mental health. We calculated the relative contribution of each (group of) risk factor(s) to the variance in (change in) mental health. In the combined model, familial and environmental factors explained around 17% of the variance in mental health, of which around 5% was explained by age and sex, 30% by social circumstances, 16% by pain, 22% by environmental risk factors, 24% by family history, and 3% by PRS for schizophrenia (PRS-SZ). Results were similar, but attenuated, for the model of mental health change over time. Childhood trauma and gap between actual and desired social status explained most of the variance. PRS for bipolar disorder, cross-disorder, and depression explained less variance in mental health than PRS-SZ. Polygenic risk for mental suffering, derived from significance-testing in massive samples, lacks impact in analyses focusing on prediction in a general population epidemiological setting. Social-environmental circumstances, particularly childhood trauma and perceived status gap, drive most of the attributable variation in population mental health.
Sleep quality, occupational factors, and psychomotor vigilance performance in the U.S. Navy sailors
Authors: Matsangas Panagiotis , Shattuck Nita Lewis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThis field study (a) assessed sleep quality of sailors on the U.S. Navy (USN) ships while underway, (b) investigated whether the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were affected by occupational factors and sleep attributes, and (c) assessed whether the PSQI could predict impaired psychomotor vigilance performance.MethodsLongitudinal field assessment of fit-for-duty USN sailors performing their underway duties (N = 944, 79.0% males, median age 26 years). Participants completed questionnaires, wore actigraphs, completed logs, and performed the wrist-worn 3-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT).ResultsSailors slept on average 6.60 ± 1.01 h/day with 86.9% splitting their sleep into more than one episode/day. The median PSQI Global score was 8 (interquartile range [IQR] = 5); 80.4% of the population were classified as “poor sleepers” with PSQI scores &gt;5. PSQI scores were affected by sailor occupational group, rank, daily sleep duration, and number of sleep episodes/day. Sleep quality showed a U-shape association with daily sleep duration due to the confounding effect of split sleep. Sailors with PSQI scores &gt;9 had 21.1% slower reaction times (p &lt; 0.001) and 32.8%–61.5% more lapses combined with false starts (all p &lt; 0.001) than sailors with PSQI scores ≤9. Compared to males and officers, females and enlisted personnel had 86% and 23% higher risk, respectively, of having PSQI scores &gt;9. Sailors in the PSQI &gt; 9 group had more pronounced split sleep.ConclusionsWorking on Navy ships is associated with elevated PSQI scores, a high incidence of poor sleep, and degraded psychomotor vigilance performance. The widely used PSQI score&gt;5 criterion should be further validated in active-duty service member populations.
The Increasing Effect of Neighborhood Racial Composition on Housing Values, 1980–2015
Authors: Howell Junia , Korver-Glenn Elizabeth 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Beginning in the 1930s, neighborhood racial composition was an explicit determining factor in the evaluation of U.S. home values. This deliberate practice was outlawed in the 1960s and 1970s, but the correlation between neighborhood racial composition and home values persists. Using Census Bureau data from 1980 to 2015, the present study investigates the changing relationship between neighborhood racial composition and home appraisals, as well as the mechanisms that drive it. Contrary to what is often presumed, neighborhood racial composition was a stronger determinant of appraised values in 2015 than it was in 1980. Results suggest this is primarily due to contemporary appraising practices. Specifically, the use of the sales comparison approach has allowed historical racialized appraisals to influence contemporary values and appraisers’ racialized assumptions about neighborhoods to drive appraisal methods. These findings provide strong evidence that persistent racial inequality is driven in part by perpetual devaluing of communities of color and they suggest further regulation is required to foster equity.