bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Seismic Resilience of Power Grid Systems Considering the Component Deterioration and Correlation
Authors: Wang Cao , Zhang Hao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Electricity transmission systems are essential to a community's functionalities but are susceptible to the aggressive environmental or operational factors such as the natural hazards and the environment-induced component deterioration during their service life. The service reliability of a power grid system shall be assessed under a probability-based framework taking into account the spatial uncertainty and correlation arising from both the component performance (i.e., plants, substations, and transmission lines) and the load effects. This paper estimates the resilience of a power grid system in the presence of the impacts of component deterioration and correlation, with an emphasis on the earthquake excitation hazards. The spatial variability of the component capacity and that associated with the earthquake ground motion are modeled by the Gaussian copula function. A posthazard performance indicator (PPI) is used to represent the seismic vulnerability of a grid system subjected to earthquake actions. With this, the statistics (mean value and variance) of the PPI conditional on the occurrence of an earthquake is estimated by a simulation-based method, and the resilience of the grid system (measured by a resilience index based on the recovery process of PPI) is assessed in a closed-form. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated through the seismic resilience assessment of an illustrative grid system.
Outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with eosinophil-predominant colonic inflammation
Authors: Alhmoud Tarik , Gremida Anas , Colom Steele Diego , Fallahi Imaneh , Tuqan Wael , Nandy Nina , Ismail Mahmoud , Aburajab Altamimi Barakat , Xiong Meng-Jun , Kerwin Audra , Martin David 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterised by acute intestinal mucosal inflammation with chronic inflammatory features. Various degrees of mucosal eosinophilia are present along with the typical acute (neutrophil-predominant) inflammation. The effect of intestinal eosinophils on IBD outcomes remains unclear.MethodsThis is a retrospective study. Archived intestinal mucosal biopsy specimens of treatment-naïve IBD patients were examined by two pathologists. The number of eosinophils per high-power field was counted, and the mucosal inflammation was classified according to the eosinophilic inflammatory patterns. Clinical outcomes during the follow-up period were recorded.Results142 treatment-naïve IBD patients were included. Mean age was 39 years. 83% of patients had ulcerative colitis, and median follow-up was 3 years. 41% of patients had disease flare(s) and 24% required hospitalisation. Eosinophil count was not associated with risk of disease flare or hospitalisation. Patients with neutrophil-predominant inflammation (>70% neutrophils) had greater risk of disease flare(s): 27(55%) versus 24(36%) and 7(28%) in patients with mixed and eosinophil-predominant inflammation, respectively (p=0.04). Overall, patients with neutrophil-predominant inflammation were more likely to have a disease flare; HR: 2.49, 95% CI (1.0 to 5.6). Hospitalisation rate was higher in patients with neutrophil-predominant inflammation: 17(35%) compared to 17(19%) in patients with eosinophil-rich inflammation (p=0.04). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed higher flare-free survival in patients with eosinophil-predominant inflammation compared to mixed and neutrophil-predominant inflammation.ConclusionIBD patients with eosinophil-predominant inflammation phenotype might have reduced risk of disease flares and hospitalisation. Larger prospective studies to assess IBD outcomes in this subpopulation are warranted.
Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery for benign ovarian masses: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Yun , Liu Mubiao , Ye Haiyan , He Jianhui , Chen Jianguo 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the safety, efficiency and preferred indication for laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) compared with conventional laparoscopic (CL) surgery for benign ovarian masses.DesignA systemic review and cumulative meta-analysis were performed in line with the criteria of Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation: levels of evidence and grades of recommendation.Data sourcesWe comprehensively searched the electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library in November 2018.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective studies published in recent 10 years, which investigated the performance of LESS versus CL in patients at all ages with benign ovarian masses.ResultsFour RCTs and nine retrospective studies published in recent decade including 1542 cases (744 cases for LESS and 798 cases for CL) were identified. Perioperative complication was consisted of intraoperative and postoperative complications, including ileus, wound infection or dehiscence and incisional hernia. Although LESS has less postoperative analgesic consumption (46.78% and 79.25%; OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.74, p<0.001) and shorter hospital stay (weighted mean difference (WMD): −0.24 days; 95% CI: −0.35 to −0.14; p<0.001), CL has less perioperative complications (6.59% and 2.85%; OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.05 to 4.11, p=0.04) and shorter operative time (WMD: 3.43 min; 95% CI: −0.03 to 6.88; p=0.05). Body mass index, history of previous abdominal surgery, size of adnexal mass, estimated blood loss and postoperative pain scores did not differ significantly between two techniques.ConclusionsThe indications of LESS for benign ovarian masses are similar to CL and it has better postoperative recovery. However, with less perioperative complications, CL surgery is safer than LESS.
Comparison between recent and long-term physical activity levels as predictors of cardiometabolic risk: a cohort study
Authors: Leskinen Tuija , Stenholm Sari , Pulakka Anna , Pentti Jaana , Kivimäki Mika , Vahtera Jussi 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo compare recent and long-term physical activity levels as predictors of cardiometabolic risk in a risk factor-free adult population.DesignA 12-year prospective cohort study.SettingThe Finnish Public Sector study with surveys conducted in four waves at 4-year intervals.Participants19 230 participants (mean age 50.2 (SD 9.1) years, 84% women) with no prevalent cardiometabolic risk factors at wave 3 were included. Physical activity was assessed at waves 1, 2 and 3. The long-term physical activity level was determined as the mean of activity from wave 1 to 3 (over 8 years).Outcome measure4-year incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes) after wave 3, measured individually and as a sum (accumulation of two or more risk factors vs none). Logistic and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used for the analysis.ResultsGraded associations between higher physical activity levels and lower odds of all risk factors were observed (p for trend <0.01). In comparison with the persistently vigorously active participants (≥60 metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours/week), those who were persistently inactive (<7 MET-hours/week) were about four times more likely to develop obesity (OR=4.24, 95% CI=2.83 to 6.36), two times more likely to develop hypertension (OR=2.02, 95% CI=1.45 to 2.82) and dyslipidaemia (OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.03 to 3.22) and eight times more likely to develop diabetes (OR=7.84, 95% CI=1.78 to 34.6). The corresponding OR for accumulating two or more risk factors was 5.24-fold (95% CI=2.39 to 11.47). For recently inactive versus recently vigorously active, the estimates were weaker (OR=2.36, 95% CI=1.71 to 3.25 for obesity; 1.78, 95% CI=1.35 to 2.35 for hypertension; 1.71, 95% CI=1.04 to 2.82 for dyslipidaemia; 3.56, 95% CI=1.06 to 11.96 for diabetes and 2.66, 95% CI=1.48 to 4.78 for ≥2 risk factors).ConclusionCardiometabolic risk associated with physical inactivity is better captured by repeated measurements of physical activity than by a single measurement of the most recent activity level.
Asthma is associated with frailty among community-dwelling adults: the GAZEL cohort
Authors: Landré Benjamin , Nadif Rachel , Goldberg Marcel , Gourmelen Julie , Zins Marie , Ankri Joël , Herr Marie 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionEarly management of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) and frailty have been identified as key targets towards healthy ageing, but the association between CRDs and frailty has been poorly investigated. We studied the association between asthma and frailty in adults of the GAZEL cohort using different definitions of asthma over the 26 years of follow-up.MethodsCurrent asthma definitions are based on yearly self-reports of symptoms or medication (in 2015, constant reports or at least one report between 1990 and 2015), or on a detailed respiratory symptoms questionnaire in 2002. Frailty definition is based on weakness, fatigue, unintentional weight loss, low physical activity and mobility in 2015. Frail participants had three criteria or more, pre-frail 1 or 2, and robust 0. Multinomial regression models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, education, marital status and comorbidities were performed.ResultsIn 2015, 12 345 adults (73% men, 61 to 77 years old) were included: 3% of them reported current asthma, 1.6% had constant reports during the follow-up and 9% reported current asthma at least once. In 2015, 6% were frail, 34% pre-frail and 13% of current asthmatics and 6% of non-asthmatics were frail (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.19 (1.44 to 3.34)). Significant associations were also found with the 2002 definition (aOR 2.24 (1.73 to 2.90)), constant reports (aOR 3.67 (1.70 to 7.93)) or at least once (aOR 1.50 (1.15 to 1.98)). Current asthma was also associated with pre-frailty with the 2002 definition (aOR 1.46 (1.26 to 1.68)).DiscussionParticipants with asthma had increased risk of frailty. A better understanding of their relationship could help to define and evaluate strategies for a better ageing of asthmatics.
Rapid recovery of postnivolumab vemurafenib-induced Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome after tocilizumab and infliximab administration
Authors: Maximova Natalia , Maestro Alessandra , Zanon Davide , Marcuzzi Annalisa 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors such as nivolumab and targeted BRAF inhibitors have dramatically altered the treatment outcomes of metastatic melanoma over the past few years. Skin toxicity is the most common adverse event (AE) related to the commonly used BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib, affecting more than 90% of patients. Vemurafenib-related severe AEs with early onset are reported in patients who were previously treated with anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti PD-1) antibodies. A prolonged administration of systemic steroids is the first-line treatment of severe or life-threatening AEs. We report the case of a woman suffering from vemurafenib-related severe, rapidly worsening Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, resolved in a few hours after single-dose administration of a combination of TNF-α antagonist infliximab with interleukin (IL)-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab.Case presentationA 41-year-old woman treated with single-agent nivolumab presented with a melanoma progression. Biopsy samples were revised, revealing a BRAF V600E mutation. The patient was started on vemurafenib and cobimetinib treatment only 10 days after the last administration of nivolumab. On the third day of anti-BRAF therapy, profound lymphopenia was detected, and maculopapular eruption appeared afterward. Subsequently, the clinical conditions deteriorated further, and the woman was admitted on an emergency basis with high fever, respiratory and cardiocirculatory failure, diffuse rash, generalized edema, and lymphadenopathy. Diagnosis of DRESS syndrome with overexpressed capillary leakage was made. A single dose of tocilizumab was administered with an improvement of cardiocirculatory and renal function in a few hours. Because of worsening of liver function, skin lesions and mucositis, a single dose of infliximab was prescribed, and dramatic improvement was noted over the next 24 hours. Dabrafenib and trametinib were initiated, and coinciding with washout of infliximab from the patient’s blood, the drug toxicity recurred.ConclusionAnti-IL-6 and anti-TNF-α target treatment of very severe AEs may afford an immediate resolution of potentially life-threatening symptoms and reduce the duration and the costs of hospitalization. Maintenance of therapeutic infliximab blood concentrations permits an early switch to dabrafenib after vemurafenib-related AEs.
Mendelian randomisation study of the effects of known and putative risk factors on pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lu Ye , Gentiluomo Manuel , Lorenzo-Bermejo Justo , Morelli Luca , Obazee Ofure , Campa Daniele , Canzian Federico 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundObservational studies have reported multiple risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Some are well established, like tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, obesity and type 2 diabetes, whereas some others are putative, such as allergy and dietary factors. Identifying causal risk factors can help establishing those that can be targeted to contribute to prevent PDAC.ObjectiveWe sought to investigate the possible causal effects of established and putative factors on PDAC risk.MethodsWe conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study using publicly available data for genetic variants associated with the factors of interest, and summary genetic data from genome-wide association studies of the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium (PanScan) and the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4), including in total 8769 cases and 7055 controls. Causality was assessed using inverse-variance weighted, MR-Egger regression and weighted median methods, complemented with sensitivity and radial MR analyses.ResultsWe found evidence for a causal effect of body mass index (BMI) on PDAC risk (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.71, p=8.43×10−5). Fasting insulin (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.23 to 6.56, p=0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.32, p=0.03) and type 2 diabetes (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.17, p=0.02) were also causally associated with PDAC risk. BMI showed both direct and fasting insulin-mediated causal effects.ConclusionWe found strong evidence that BMI is causally associated with PDAC risk, providing support that obesity management may be a potential prevention strategy for reducing pancreatic cancer risk while fasting insulin and type 2 diabetes showed a suggestive association that should be further investigated.
Redefinition of familial intestinal gastric cancer: clinical and genetic perspectives
Authors: Carvalho Joana , Oliveira Patricia , Senz Janine , São José Celina , Hansford Samantha , Teles Sara Pinto , Ferreira Marta , Corso Giovanni , Pinheiro Hugo , Lemos Diana , Pascale Valeria , Roviello Franco , Huntsman David , Oliveira Carla 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundFamilial intestinal gastric cancer (FIGC) remains genetically unexplained and without testing/clinical criteria. Herein, we characterised the age of onset and disease spectrum of 50 FIGC families and searched for genetic causes potentially underlying a monogenic or an oligogenic/polygenic inheritance pattern.MethodsNormal and tumour DNA from 50 FIGC probands were sequenced using Illumina custom panels on MiSeq, and their respective germline and somatic landscapes were compared with corresponding landscapes from sporadic intestinal gastric cancer (SIGC) and hereditary diffuse gastric cancer cohorts.ResultsThe most prevalent phenotype in FIGC families was gastric cancer, detected in 138 of 208 patients (50 intestinal gastric cancer probands and 88 unknown gastric cancer histology relatives), followed by colorectal and breast cancers. After excluding benign and intronic variants lacking impact in splicing, 12 rare high-quality variants were found exclusively in 11 FIGC probands. Only two probands carried potentially deleterious variants, but lacked somatic second-hits, weakly supporting the monogenic hypothesis for FIGC. However, FIGC probands developed gastric cancer at least 10 years earlier and carried more TP53 germline common variants than SIGC (p=4.5E-03); FIGC and SIGC could be distinguished by specific germline and somatic variant profiles; there was an excess of FIGC tumours presenting microsatellite instability (38%); and FIGC tumours displayed significantly more somatic common variants than SIGC tumours (p=4.2E-06).ConclusionThis study proposed the first data-driven testing criteria for FIGC families, and supported FIGC as a genetically determined, likely polygenic, gastric cancer-predisposing disease, with earlier onset and distinct from patients with SIGC at the germline and somatic levels.
Low vitamin D status is associated with anaemia in hospitalised cats
Authors: Titmarsh Helen Faye , Woods Glynn Alan , Cartwright Jennifer A , Kilpatrick Scott , Gaylor Donna , Berry Jaqueline , Gow Adam , Bommer Nick X , Gunn‐Moore Danielle , Handel Ian , Mellanby Richard J 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe major physiological role of vitamin D has traditionally been considered to be the regulation of calcium homeostasis and maintenance of skeletal health. However, there is increasing evidence that vitamin D influences a wider range of physiological processes including erythropoiesis. Vitamin D (25‐hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D) deficiency concentrations have been associated with anaemia in human beings. In contrast, the relationship between vitamin D status and erythropoiesis has not been investigated in cats.MethodsClinical records of cats consecutively presenting between November 2013 and February 2015 were reviewed. For each cat, data including sex, age, breed, serum albumin and creatinine concentrations, and appetite scores were extracted. A multivariable linear regression model was constructed to examine the relationship between 25(OH)D concentrations and these variables.ResultsCats with anaemia had significantly lower 25(OH)D concentrations (median 49.5 nmol/l, n=31) than cats with packed cell volume above the lower limit of the reference range (median 109.0 nmol/l, n=130) (P<0.001). A binary logistic regression found that red blood cell count and mean corpuscular volume were negatively correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations (P<0.001 and P=0.007, respectively).ConclusionVitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration is positively associated with red blood cell count and mean corpuscular volume in cats with a wide range of different illnesses.
Lepton collider indirect signatures of dark CP-violation
Authors: Cordero-Cid A. , Hernández-Sánchez J. , Keus V. , Moretti S. , Rojas D. , Sokołowska D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study an extension of the Standard Model (SM) in which two copies of the SM Higgs doublet are added to the scalar sector. These extra doublets do not develop a vacuum expectation value, hence, they areinert. This essentially leads to a 3-Higgs Doublet Model (3HDM) with 2 inert and 1 active scalar doublets, which we denote as I(2+1)HDM. We allow for CP-violation in theinertsector, where the lightestinertstate is protected from decaying to SM particles through the conservation of a$$Z_2$$Z2symmetry, so that it is a Dark Matter (DM) candidate. For this scenario, we identify a smoking gun signature of dark CP-violation in the form of production thresholds of pairs ofinertneutral Higgs bosons at an$$e^+e^-$$e+e-collider.
Primitivity of the group of a cipher involving the action of the key-schedule
Authors: Calderini Marco 
Published: February 2020

The algebraic structure of the group generated by the encryption functions of a block cipher depends on the key schedule algorithm used for generating the round keys. For such a reason, in general, studying this group does not appear to be an easy task. Previous works, focusing on the algebraic properties of groups associated to a cipher, have studied the group generated by the round functions of the cipher considering independent round keys. In this paper, we want to study the more realistic group generated by the encryption functions, where the key schedule satisfies certain requirements. In this context, we are able to identify sufficient conditions that permit to guarantee the primitivity of this group and the security of the cipher with respect to the partition-based trapdoor. This type of trapdoor has been recently introduced by Bannier et al. in 2016 and it is a generalization of that introduced by Paterson in 1999.
Leveraging Digital Data to Inform and Improve Quality Cancer Care
Authors: Hernandez-Boussard Tina , Blayney Douglas W. , Brooks James D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background:
Efficient capture of routine clinical care and patient outcomes is needed at a population-level, as is evidence on important treatment-related side effects and their effect on well-being and clinical outcomes. The increasing availability of electronic health records (EHR) offers new opportunities to generate population-level patient-centered evidence on oncologic care that can better guide treatment decisions and patient-valued care.

Methods:
This study includes patients seeking care at an academic medical center, 2008 to 2018. Digital data sources are combined to address missingness, inaccuracy, and noise common to EHR data. Clinical concepts were identified and extracted from EHR unstructured data using natural language processing (NLP) and machine/deep learning techniques. All models are trained, tested, and validated on independent data samples using standard metrics.

Results:
We provide use cases for using EHR data to assess guideline adherence and quality measurements among patients with cancer. Pretreatment assessment was evaluated by guideline adherence and quality metrics for cancer staging metrics. Our studies in perioperative quality focused on medications administered and guideline adherence. Patient outcomes included treatment-related side effects and patient-reported outcomes.

Conclusions:
Advanced technologies applied to EHRs present opportunities to advance population-level quality assessment, to learn from routinely collected clinical data for personalized treatment guidelines, and to augment epidemiologic and population health studies. The effective use of digital data can inform patient-valued care, quality initiatives, and policy guidelines.

Impact:
A comprehensive set of health data analyzed with advanced technologies results in a unique resource that facilitates wide-ranging, innovative, and impactful research on prostate cancer. This work demonstrates new ways to use the EHRs and technology to advance epidemiologic studies and benefit oncologic care.
See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Modernizing Population Science.”