bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Lasting and Steady Triboelectric Energy Harvesting from Low‐Frequency Irregular Motions Using Escapement Mechanism
Authors: Han Kwan‐Woo , Kim Jong‐Nam , Rajabi‐Abhari Araz , Bui Van‐Tien , Kim Ji‐Seok , Choi Dukhyun , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMost mechanical energy harvesters produce only small amounts of electrical power from extremely low‐frequency input motions and immediately stop generating electricity when mechanical kinetic energy is exhausted. Here, a steady, long‐lasting and power‐boosted triboelectric nanogenerator is reported that can efficiently harvest from extremely low‐frequency irregular motions of less than 0.1 Hz by utilizing an escapement mechanism and frequency up‐conversion device. The escapement mechanism‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (EM‐TENG) consists of a mechanical energy storage spring, escapement mechanism and a torsional resonator for regular operation and frequency up‐conversion. In addition, the micro‐patterned alternating dielectric surfaces of Nylon and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and the comb‐type rotator significantly improve the output performance of the rotational EM‐TENG, increasing the current density level approximately 4.2 times compared to flat surfaces. Under an input frequency of 0.067 Hz, the EM‐TENG produces an open circuit voltage of 320 V and a short‐circuit current density of 0.59 mA m‐2. Most importantly, the EM‐TENG can produce long‐lasting and steady output power for 110 s (22 times) under only 5 s of input motion. Therefore, the EM‐TENG might pave the way to effectively harvest energy from extremely low‐frequency motions in nature, such as human motion, structural vibration and ocean waves.
A boy with Silver–Russell syndrome and Sotos syndrome
Authors: Schwaibold Eva M. C. , Beygo Jasmin , Obeid Katharina , Jauch Anna , Hinderhofer Katrin , Moog Ute 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSilver–Russell syndrome (SRS) is characterized by pre‐ and postnatal growth deficiency. It is most often caused by hypomethylation of the paternal imprinting center 1 of chromosome 11p15.5. In contrast, Sotos syndrome is an overgrowth syndrome that results either from pathogenic NSD1 gene variants or copy number variations affecting the NSD1 gene. Here, we report on a 6 month‐old boy with severe short stature, relative macrocephaly, severe feeding difficulties with underweight, muscular hypotonia, motor delay, medullary nephrocalcinosis, bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment and facial dysmorphisms. SNP array revealed a 2.1 Mb de novo interstitial deletion of 5q35.2q35.3 encompassing the NSD1 gene. As Sotos syndrome could not satisfactorily explain his symptoms, diagnostic testing for SRS was initiated. It demonstrated hypomethylation of the imprinting center 1 of chromosome 11p15.5 confirming the clinically suspected SRS. We compared the symptoms of our patient with the typical clinical features of individuals with SRS and Sotos syndrome, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the very unusual coincidence of both Sotos syndrome and SRS in the same patient.
Msx1 upregulates p27 expression to control cellular proliferation during valvuloseptal endocardial cushion formation in the chick embryonic heart
Authors: Yamagishi Toshiyuki , Narematsu Mayu , Nakajima Yuji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCushion tissues, the primordia of valves and septa of the adult heart, are formed in the atrioventricular (AV) and outflow tract (OFT) regions of the embryonic heart. The cushion tissues are generated by the endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), involving many soluble factors, extracellular matrix, and transcription factors. Moreover, neural crest‐derived mesenchymal cells also migrate into the OFT cushion. The transcription factor Msx1 is known to be expressed in the endothelial and mesenchymal cells during cushion tissue formation. However, its exact role in EMT during cushion tissue formation is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of Msx1 mRNA and protein during chick heart development. Msx1 mRNA was localized in endothelial cells of the AV region at Stage 14, and its protein was first detected at Stage 15. Thereafter, Msx1 mRNA and protein were observed in the endothelial and mesenchymal cells of the OFT and AV regions. in vitro assays showed that ectopic Msx1 expression in endothelial cells induced p27, a cell‐cycle inhibitor, expression and inhibited fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4)‐induced cell proliferation. Although the FGF signal reduced the EMT‐inducing activities of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), ectopic Msx1 expression in endothelial cells enhanced TGFβ signaling‐induced αSMA, an EMT marker, expression. These results suggest that Msx1 may support the transformation of endothelial cells due to a TGFβ signal in EMT during cushion tissue formation.
Amelioration of Murine Macrophage Activation Syndrome by Monomethyl Fumarate in Both a Heme Oxygenase 1–Dependent and Heme Oxygenase 1–Independent Manner
Authors: Biswas Chhanda , Chu Niansheng , Burn Thomas N. , Kreiger Portia A. , Behrens Edward M. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveMacrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is characterized by increased serum levels of ferritin and heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1), and yet no known function is ascribed to these molecules in MAS. Because HO‐1 is antiinflammatory, we hypothesized that pharmacologic activation of HO‐1 could ameliorate MAS disease activity. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for multiple sclerosis, activates HO‐1. Monomethyl fumarate (MMF) is the active metabolite of DMF. We therefore evaluated whether MMF could elicit HO‐1–dependent therapeutic improvements in a murine model of MAS.MethodsWe induced MAS by repeated activation of Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR‐9) in wild‐type and myeloid‐specific HO‐1–deficient mice. MMF was administered twice daily to test its efficacy. We assessed organ weights, serum cytokine levels, histologic features of the spleen and liver tissue, and complete blood cell counts to evaluate disease activity. Statistical testing was performed using Student’s t‐test or by 2‐way analysis of variance as appropriate.ResultsThe presence of HO‐1 was required for the majority of TLR‐9–induced interleukin‐10 (IL‐10). IL‐10 production in TLR‐9–induced MAS was found to correlate with the myeloid–HO‐1 gene dose in myeloid cells (P < 0.001). MMF treatment increased the levels of HO‐1 in splenic macrophages by ~2‐fold (P < 0.01), increased serum levels of IL‐10 in an HO‐1–dependent manner in mice with TLR‐9–induced MAS (P < 0.005), and improved multiple disease parameters in both an HO‐1–dependent and HO‐1–independent manner.ConclusionTLR‐9–induced production of IL‐10 is regulated by HO‐1 activity both in vitro and in vivo. Therapeutic enhancement of the HO‐1/IL‐10 axis in a murine model was able to significantly ameliorate MAS disease activity. These results suggest that HO‐1 may be viable as a MAS therapeutic target, and treatment with DMF and MMF should be considered in future investigations of MAS therapy.
Exploration of colonic looping patterns in undisturbed cadaveric specimens
Authors: Lam Jacob , Wilkinson James , Brown Jonathan , Spear Michelle , Brassett Cecilia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study examines sex differences in the disposition of the sigmoid and transverse segments of the colon in undisturbed cadaveric abdomens and relates these findings to the anecdotal observation that colonoscopy is more challenging in females through the formation of tortuous bowel loops.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and twenty two undisturbed cadaveric abdomens were inspected. Three distinct configuration grades were separately assigned to the sigmoid and transverse segments of the colon on the basis of the pattern of the bowel loops observed in situ. Pearson's chi‐squared test was used to analyze sex differences in bowel loop configuration and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated to identify co‐occurrence of configuration grades in the subjects.ResultsFor the transverse segment, females had higher configuration grades corresponding to longer bowel loops with greater redundancy, compared to males (p = .000047). There was no sex difference in the sigmoid segment grade (p = .21636). Sigmoid and transverse segment grades were highly correlated in the subjects (coefficient = 0.9994).ConclusionSex differences in the configuration grades of the sigmoid or transverse colonic segments may be a significant contributing factor to increased difficulty of colonoscopy in females.
Clinical and histopathological differential diagnosis of Laugier‐Hunziker syndrome: An extremely rare case with unusual extensive oral hyperpigmentation
Authors: Toedtling Verena , Crawford Fiona Carol 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLaugier‐Hunziker syndrome is a rare and benign disorder characterized by hyperpigmentation of the lips and buccal mucosae with associated longitudinal melanonychia of nails. Clinical correlation is needed to rule out other pigmentary disorders.
The role of red blood cell exchange in sickle cell disease in patient with COVID‐19 infection and pulmonary infiltrates
Authors: Okar Lina , Aldeeb Maya , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDue to the overlap between ACS and COVID‐19 pneumonia, we recommend close monitoring for those patients and offering them RBC exchange early in the course of the disease to avoid clinical deterioration.
Nucleation Rate Prediction of Curcumin Particles in Microfluidic‐Assisted Nanoprecipitation
Authors: Valeh-e-Sheyda Peyvand , Mir Elham 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA hybrid computational model was developed to interpret the formation of curcumin particles via liquid antisolvent precipitation (LASP) in three microchannel reactors (MCRs) with different confluence angles. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was numerically combined with a discretized population balance approach. The nucleation kinetics were computed using an expression obtained from the nucleation rate and supersaturation equation from previous experimental data. A quantitative comparison of the particle size distributions (PSDs) demonstrated that the particles with the smallest diameters are observed right after the intersection of the three streams. Besides, the large confluence angle of 135° in the MCR presented higher population density as a result of the smaller size of the precipitated curcumin particles. These findings illustrate the efficient applicability of the hybrid model.
Verstärkungsmethode für aussteifende Mauerwerkswände in Erdbebengebieten
Authors: Wertenbroch Axel , Ötes Atilla 
Published: November 2020

AbstractZur Verbesserung des Tragverhaltens von aussteifenden Mauerwerkswänden unter Erdbebeneinwirkung wurde an der TU Dortmund eine neuartige Verstärkungsmethode entwickelt. Dünne textilbewehrte Betonelemente, die mittels mechanischer Verbindungsmittel an der Mauerwerkswand befestigt werden, führen zu einem Wandsystem, das nicht nur die Anforderungen an Integrität und Tragwiderstand erfüllt, sondern auch ein duktiles Grenztragverhalten entwickelt. Nach der Vorstellung des Konzepts und der Konstruktionsprinzipien werden anhand der Ergebnisse experimenteller und rechnerischer Untersuchungen die Kapazität sowie die Wirkungsweise dieses Verstärkungssystems detailliert vorgestellt. Besonders instruktiv sind dabei die Erdbebensimulationsversuche an geschosshohen Wänden mit dem direkten Vergleich zwischen unverstärkten und verstärkten Mauerwerkswänden. Nach der genaueren Beschreibung des Tragverhaltens und der Systemvoraussetzungen wird die Wirksamkeit des Verstärkungssystems für ein Gebäude mit aussteifenden Mauerwerkswänden mittels vergleichender Erdbebenberechnung identifiziert.
Characterization of various geometric arrangements of “air‐assisted” flow gating interfaces for capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Opekar František , Tůma Petr 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor connecting flow‐through analytical methods with capillary electrophoresis, a chip working in the air‐assisted flow gating interface regime is cast from poly(dimethylsiloxane). In the injection space, the exit from the delivery capillary is placed close to the entrance to the separation capillary. Prior to injecting the sample into the separation capillary, the background electrolyte is forced out of the injection space by a stream of air. In the empty space, a drop of the sample with a volume of <100 nL is formed between the exit from the delivery capillary and the entrance into the separation capillary, from which the sample is injected hydrodynamically into the separation capillary. After injection, the injection space is filled with BGE, and the separation can be begun. Three geometric variants for the mutual geometric arrangement of the delivery and separation capillaries were tested: the delivery capillary is placed perpendicular to the separation capillary, from either above or below, or the capillaries are placed axially, that is, directly opposite one another. All of the variants are equivalent from the analytical and separation efficiency viewpoints. The repeatability expressed by RSD is up to 5%. The tested flow gating interface variants are also suitable for continuous and discontinuous sampling at flow rates of the order of units of μL/min. The developed instrument for sequential electrophoretic analysis operates fully automatically and is suitable for rapid sequential monitoring of dynamic processes.
The behaviour of beach elevation contours in response to different wave energy environments
Authors: Pang Wenhong , Ge Zhenpeng , Dai Zhijun , Li Shushi , Huang Hu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWithin the context of a warming climate, there are wide and increasing concerns about the way beaches respond to different wave energy environments. However, behavioural differences in changes in beach elevation contours (including shorelines) in different wave energy environments remain unknown. Thus, it is unilateral to evaluate the changes in beaches based on a single elevation contour (e.g. shoreline) in coastal engineering and management applications. In this study, based on the collected shoreline and wave energy data of two international beaches, as well as the measured beach elevation contour data from Yintan Beach and the corresponding wave energy data simulated by Xbeach, our results show that frequency distributions of beach elevation contour changes exhibit distinct features under different wave energy environments. Under high wave energy environments, the frequency distributions of beach elevation contour changes show a Gaussian distribution. However, frequency distributions of beach elevation contour changes present a power law, intermediate between the logarithmic and Gaussian distributions under low and moderate wave energy environments, respectively. Furthermore, the conceptual model of beach elevation contour changes constructed by this study indicates that the relative importance of the wave energy and sediment resistance determines this phenomenon. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Comparison of different MOF fillers on CO2 removal performance of supported PEBA mixed matrix membranes
Authors: Erfani Amir , Asghari Morteza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPoly(amide‐6‐b‐ethylene oxide)(PEBA) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) containing different metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) of CuBTC, ZIF‐8, and ZIF‐67 have been dip‐coated on asymmetric PAN supports. To optimize the ideal skin‐layer parameters, MOF loadings of 5, 15, 25, and 35 wt% were applied. The synthesized MOFs and MMMs were structurally characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The average sizes of the synthesized ZIF‐8, ZIF‐67, and CuBTC have been determined about 100, 400, and 60–500 nm, respectively. Permeability tests of the MMMs performed using 12‐bar feed streams of pure CO2, CH4, and N2, showed 200–338% enhancements of CO2 permeability and up to a 43% increase in CO2/CH4 selectivity relative to the neat PEBA membrane. The membrane performances were also examined by the mixed gas feeds of CO2:CH4 (10:90). © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of different amendments (organic matter and hydrogel) on the actual evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of turf grass under field conditions*
Authors: Bandenay Gladys L. , Renau‐Pruñonosa Arianna , Morell Ignacio , Esteller María V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe irrigation schedule in arid areas has to be efficient in order to reduce losses due to evaporation and deep infiltration. Irrigation optimization poses the need to establish with precision the value of actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and the crop coefficient (Kc). The water soil availability can be increased using hydrogel and organic matter amendments, and their effects could vary ETa and Kc. The aim of this study was to determine the ETa, and Kc of an experimental site with lysimeters on the Spanish Mediterranean coast cropped with a turf grass variety, Agrostis stolonifera ‐L‐93, under field conditions, and amended with hydrogel and organic matter.Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) was determined from meteorological data (FAO‐Penman‐Monteith equation). ETa was calculated from the water balance, and Kc was obtained by dividing ETa by ET0. Kc was calculated and compared on a yearly, monthly and daily basis. In summer, the differences between amendments become manifest:Unamended lysimeter (100% sand) had Kc values (0.92‐1.16), similar to organic matter amended lysimeter (0.99‐1.17). Maximum and minimum Kc values for the hydrogel amended lysimeters (1.04‐1.52) were higher than those from the other because of the ability of this compound to retain water, which facilitated evapotranspiration. Finally, hydrogel helped to maintain the turf grass quality.
Interaction effect of myocardial infarction and obesity on left atrial functions
Authors: Davarpasand Tahereh , Hosseinsabet Ali , Omidi Fatemeh , Mohseni‐Badalabadi Reza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether myocardial infarction (MI) would lead to a greater decrease in left atrial (LA) functions in subjects with than without obesity.MethodsA total of 310 consecutive patients were divided into four groups according to the presence or absence of obesity and MI. The functions of the LA were evaluated in terms of longitudinal deformation of the LA myocardium via 2D speckle‐tracking echocardiography.ResultsThe adjusted analysis showed a reduction in the strain and strain rate during the reservoir and contraction phases and in the strain rate during the conduit phase in patients with MI and in subjects with obesity (P < .05). In addition, there was a significant interaction effect of obesity and MI on the strain rate during the contraction phase (P = .048).ConclusionsThere is an independent and additional interaction effect of obesity and MI on the reservoir and conduit functions of the LA. MI was more deleterious to the contraction function in subjects without than with obesity, so that the contraction function was similar in MI patients without obesity and MI patients with obesity.
How are the social determinants of health being taught in dental education?
Authors: Leadbeatter Delyse , Holden Alexander C.L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe social determinants of health that influence how wellness and illness are experienced within society must be a core component of dental curricula where aspiring dental professionals are taught about the aetiology and social history of dental diseases. Through this scoping review, we examine the current approaches that have been employed to incorporate the social determinants of health within dental curricula.MethodsUsing a scoping review methodology, we searched the databases Scopus, PubMed, and Embase using keywords relevant to the social determinants of health and dental education.ResultsFollowing screening and sorting, 36 articles were included within this review. The majority of the articles described research that evaluated outcomes of educational interventions with relevance to the social determinants of health. The remainder of the included studies discussed attitudes and readiness relative to the social determinants of health and how this core competency could be taught effectively.ConclusionThe included literature revealed that the social determinants of health frequently are not the focus of educational activities in dental curricula, with students frequently having little active guidance on how they might make sense of their educational experiences in this domain. The socioeconomic, cultural, political, geographic, and structural barriers that contribute to patients being impacted by the social determinants of health should be explicitly addressed and discussed with students as a foundation element of the dental curriculum.
Early‐onset vitamin B6‐dependent epilepsy due to pathogenic PLPBP variants in a premature infant: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Heath Oliver , Pitt James , Mandelstam Simone , Kuschel Carl , Vasudevan Anand , Donoghue Sarah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVitamin B6‐dependent epilepsies are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by decreased availability of the active cofactor pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate (PLP). While pathogenic variants in ALDH7A1 or PNPO genes account for most cases of these disorders, biallelic pathogenic variants in PLPBP have been shown to cause a form of early onset vitamin B6‐dependent epilepsy (EPVB6D). PLPBP is thought to play a role in the homeostatic regulation of vitamin B6, by supplying PLP to apoenzymes while limiting side‐reaction toxicity related to excess unbound PLP. Neonatal‐onset intractable seizures that respond to pyridoxine and/or PLP are a predominant feature of EPVB6D in humans. Unlike other causes of vitamin B6‐dependent epilepsies; however, a specific biomarker for this disorder has yet to be identified. Here we present data from a premature infant found to have pathogenic variants in PLPBP and propose that prematurity may provide an additional clue for early consideration of this diagnosis. We discuss these findings in context of previously published genotypic, phenotypic, and metabolic data from similarly affected patients.
A multicenter survey on the effectiveness of nasal irrigation devices in rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Piromchai Patorn , Puvatanond Charoiboon , Kirtsreesakul Virat , Chaiyasate Saisawat , Suwanwech Triphoom 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundNasal irrigation is widely used as an adjunctive treatment for rhinosinusitis. However, there is little information available regarding the efficacy of the devices used in this procedure. The objective of this study was thus to evaluate the effectiveness of nasal irrigation devices based on the experiences of patients with rhinosinusitis.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter survey study between November 2017 and December 2019. The questionnaire was developed based on the available literature and expert opinion and submitted to the otolaryngology residents and staff of each center as well as those in their networks.ResultsFour hundred eighteen patients were enrolled in this study: 76 with acute viral rhinosinusitis (18%), 53 with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (13%), 156 with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (37%), and 133 with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (32%). We found that high‐volume devices were most effective in helping to clear secretion in patients with acute viral rhinosinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps, and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (P = .017, .009, .002, respectively) and in reducing post‐nasal drip in those with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (P = .040). There were no statistically significant differences among devices in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.ConclusionsNasal irrigation with high‐volume devices was an effective treatment for rhinosinusitis and was more effective at clearing nasal secretion and reducing post‐nasal drip than that with other types of devices.Level of Evidence2C