bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamental understanding of millipede morphology and locomotion dynamics
Authors: Garcia Anthony , Krummel Gregory , Priya Shashank 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A detailed model for the locomotory mechanics used by millipedes is provided here through systematic experimentation on the animal and validation of observations through a biomimetic robotic platform. Millipedes possess a powerful gait that is necessary for generating large thrust force required for proficient burrowing. Millipedes implement a metachronal gait through movement of many legs that generates a traveling wave. This traveling wave is modulated by the animal to control the magnitude of thrust force in the direction of motion for burrowing, climbing, or walking. The quasi-static model presented for the millipede locomotion mechanism matches experimental observations on live millipedes and results obtained from a biomimetic robotic platform. The model addresses questions related to the unique morphology of millipedes with respect to their locomotory performance. A complete understanding of the physiology of millipedes and mechanisms that provide modulation of the traveling wave locomotion using a metachronal gait to increase their forward thrust is provided. Further, morphological features needed to optimize various locomotory and burrowing functions are discussed. Combined, these results open opportunity for development of biologically inspired locomotory methods for miniaturized robotic platforms traversing terrains and substrates that present large resistances.
Long-term trends in anthropogenic land use in Siberia and the Russian Far East: a case study synthesis from Landsat
Authors: Bergen K M , Loboda T , Newell J P , Kharuk V , Hitztaler S , Sun G , Johnson T , Hoffman-Hall A , Ouyang W , Park K , Fort C , Gargulinski E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As globally important forested areas situated in a context of dramatic socio-economic changes, Siberia and the Russian Far East (RFE) are important regions to monitor for anthropogenic land-use trends. Therefore, we compiled decadal Landsat-derived land-cover and land-use data for eight dominantly rural case study sites in these regions and focused on trends associated with settlements, agriculture, logging, and roads 1975–2010. Several key spatial–temporal trends emerged from the integrated landscape-scale analyses. First, road building increased in all case study sites over the 35-year period, despite widespread socio-economic decline post-1990. Second, increase in settlements area was negligible over all sites. Third, increased road building, largely of minor roads, was especially high in more rugged and remote RFE case study sites not associated with greater agriculture extent or settlement densities. High demands for wood export coupled with the expansion of commercial timber harvest leases starting in the mid-1990s are likely among leading reasons for an increase in roads. Fourth, although fire was the dominant disturbance over all sites and dates combined, logging exerted a strong land-use pattern, serving as a reminder that considering local anthropogenic landscapes is important, especially in Siberia and the RFE, which represent almost 10% of the Earth’s terrestrial land surface. The paper concludes by identifying remaining research needs regarding anthropogenic land use in the region: more frequent moderate spatial resolution imagery and greater access to more finely resolved statistical and other spatial data will enable further research.

Social media abstract

Landsat reveals long-term anthropogenic land-use trends in Siberia and Russian Far East
A new boson realization of fusion polynomial algebras in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics: γ-deformed

su(2)

generators,

PT

-symmetry in Fock space and Higgs algebra
Authors: Chakraborty Arindam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A γ-deformed version of

s
u

(

2

)

algebra with non-Hermitian generators has been obtained from a bi-orthogonal system of vectors in C

2
. The related Jordan–Schwinger map is combined with boson algebras to obtain a hierarchy of fusion polynomial algebras. This makes possible the construction of Higgs algebra of cubic polynomial type which eventually leads to several multi-boson non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. Finally, the notion of global and partial

PT

-symmetry have been introduced in a typical Fock space setting. The possibility of

PT

-symmetry breaking is also discussed. The deformation parameter γ plays a crucial role in the entire formulation and non-trivially modifies the eigenfunctions under consideration. The symmetry behavior has been conceptualized in terms of a couple of toy models.
Complementary characterization method of 3D arsenic doping by using medium energy ion scattering
Authors: Woguia L Penlap , Pierre F , Sanchez D F , Marmitt G G , Saghi Z , Jalabert D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We report on a new characterization method of 3D—doping performed by arsenic implantation into FinFET—like nanostructures by using Medium Energy Ion Scattering. Because of its good depth resolution (0.25 nm) at the surface, it is one of techniques of choice suitable to analyse the ultra-shallow doping of thin crystal films. However, with the constraints related to the nanostructures’ geometry and the low lateral resolution of the MEIS beam (0.5 × 1 mm2), we developed an adequate protocol allowing their analysis with this technique. It encompasses three different geometries to account for the MEIS spectra of the arsenic implanted in each part of the nanostructures. The originality of the protocol is that, according to the chosen analysis geometry, the overall spectrum of arsenic is not the same because the contributions of each part of the patterns to its formation are different. By using two of them, we observed double peaks of arsenic. Thanks to 3D deconvolutions performed with PowerMEIS simulations, we were able to identify the contribution of the tops, sidewalls and bottoms in their formation. Thus, by separating the spectrum of the dopants implanted in the Fins (tops + sidewalls) from that of the bottoms, we were able to characterize the 3D doping conformity in the patterns. Two different implantation methods with the associated local doses computed in each single part were investigated. We found that the distribution of the dopants implanted by using the conventional implanter method is very different from that of plasma doping.
Pediatric Teleneuropsychology: Feasibility and Recommendations
Authors: Ransom Danielle M , Butt Sakina M , DiVirgilio Emily K , Cederberg Charles D , Srnka Kyle D , Hess Colleen T , Sy Megan C , Katzenstein Jennifer M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
Teleneuropsychology (TeleNP) is a growing and promising practice within the telemedicine landscape that has been well established within the adult neuropsychology literature. This project aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of TeleNP in a pediatric clinical population and disseminate clinical decision-making procedures to guide best practices for pediatric TeleNP.

Method
This project conducted during the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic reflects the largest clinical cohort to date of TeleNP in a pediatric population (N = 129). Data were gathered retrospectively from patients who were rescheduled from in-person assessment to TeleNP between March to June 2020.

Results
TeleNP was an accessible option for most patients and families, with no differences in demographic variables in patient appointment attendance, whether testing was conducted, and whether the patient was referred for face-to-face follow-up. Patients using laptops/desktops were more likely to undergo remote test administration in comparison with patients using phones/tablets (χ2 = 23.83, p &lt; .002). Sixty-three percent of the sample were referred for a face-to-face follow-up assessment.

Conclusions
TeleNP is feasible in a pediatric clinical population ranging to begin the process of differential diagnosis and treatment planning. Pediatric TeleNP may be most efficacious as a screening procedure due to limited measures suited for remote administration and behavioral challenges interfering with testing requiring in-person follow-up. TeleNP screening as standard practice for patients who do not require a full, traditional neuropsychological battery may provide a more efficient care model, with more patients able to be seen using shorter batteries with less wait time.
Imaging the Moho and Main Himalayan Thrust beneath the Kumaon Himalaya: constraints from receiver function analysis
Authors: Hazarika Devajit , Hajra Somak , Kundu Abhishek , Bankhwal Meena , Kumar Naresh , Pant C C 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYWe analyse P-wave receiver functions across the Kumaon Himalaya and adjoining area to constrain crustal thickness, intracrustal structures and seismic velocity characteristics to address the role of the underlying structure on seismogenesis and geodynamic evolution of the region. The three-component waveforms of teleseismic earthquakes recorded by a seismological network consisting of 18 broad-band seismological stations have been used for receiver function analysis. The common conversion point (CCP) depth migrated receiver function image and shear wave velocity models obtained through inversion show a variation of crustal thickness from ∼38 km in the Indo-Gangetic Plain to ∼42 km near the Vaikrita Thrust. A ramp (∼20°) structure on the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) is revealed beneath the Chiplakot Crystalline Belt (CCB) that facilitates the exhumation of the CCB. The geometry of the MHT observed from the receiver function image is consistent with the geometry revealed by a geological balanced cross-section. A cluster of seismicity at shallow to mid-crustal depths is detected near the MHT ramp. The spatial and depth distribution of seismicity pattern beneath the CCB and presence of steep dipping imbricate faults inferred from focal mechanism solutions suggest a Lesser Himalayan Duplex structure in the CCB above the MHT ramp. The study reveals a low-velocity zone (LVZ) with a high Poisson's ratio (σ ∼0.28–0.30) at lower crustal depth beneath the CCB. The high value of Poisson's ratio in the lower crust suggests the presence of fluid/partial melt. The shear heating in the ductile regime and/or decompression and cooling associated with the exhumation of the CCB plausibly created favorable conditions for partial melting in the lower crustal LVZ.
Derogations from the European Convention on Human Rights: The Case for Reform
Authors: Wallace Stuart 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article examines State practice on derogations from human rights protection during states of emergency under Article 15 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The article presents statistical data on the use of derogations, offers analysis of the data and practice and advances a series of reform proposals. It is argued that Article 15 is being misused by States to derogate for protracted periods of time for entrenched emergencies and that emergency measures are remaining in place after declared emergencies have ended. Equally, States are not derogating in circumstances where they should for military operations, particularly extra-territorial military operations. It is argued that the European Court of Human Rights has been deferential in enforcing Article 15 and that reform is needed to address the problems identified. Reforms should include review procedures for emergency measures, enhanced procedures for notifying derogations and an amendment to facilitate extra-territorial derogations.
Incoherent dimensionality in fisheries management: consequences of misaligned stock assessment and population boundaries
Authors: Berger Aaron M , Deroba Jonathan J , Bosley Katelyn M , Goethel Daniel R , Langseth Brian J , Schueller Amy M , Hanselman Dana H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fisheries policy inherently relies on an explicit definition of management boundaries that delineate the spatial extent over which stocks are assessed and regulations are implemented. However, management boundaries tend to be static and determined by politically negotiated or historically identified population (or multi-species) units, which create a potential disconnect with underlying, dynamic population structure. The consequences of incoherent management and population or stock boundaries were explored through the application of a two-area spatial simulation–estimation framework. Results highlight the importance of aligning management assessment areas with underlying population structure and processes, especially when fishing mortality is disproportionate to vulnerable biomass among management areas, demographic parameters (growth and maturity) are not homogenous within management areas, and connectivity (via recruitment or movement) unknowingly exists among management areas. Bias and risk were greater for assessments that incorrectly span multiple population segments (PSs) compared to assessments that cover a subset of a PS, and these results were exacerbated when there was connectivity between PSs. Directed studies and due consideration of critical PSs, spatially explicit models, and dynamic management options that help align management and population boundaries would likely reduce estimation biases and management risk, as would closely coordinated management that functions across population boundaries.
A mathematical analysis of fairness in shootouts
Authors: Lambers Roel , Spieksma Frits C R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A shootout is a popular mechanism to identify a winner of a match between two teams. It consists of rounds in which each team gets, sequentially, an opportunity to score a point. It has been shown empirically that shooting first or shooting second in a round has an impact on the scoring probability. This raises a fairness question: is it possible to specify a sequence such that identical teams have equal chance of winning? We show that, for a sudden death, no repetitive sequence can be fair. In addition, we show that the so-called Prohuet–Thue–Morse sequence is not fair. There is, however, an algorithm that outputs a fair sequence whenever one exists. We also analyze the popular best-of-$k$ shootouts and show that no fair sequence exists in this situation. In addition, we find explicit expressions for the degree of unfairness in a best-of-$k$ shootout; this allows sports administrators to asses the effect of the length of the shootout on the degree of unfairness.
Nonstructured Treatment Interruptions Are Associated With Higher Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir Size Measured by Intact Proviral DNA Assay in People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Kirk Gregory D , Astemborski Jacqueline , Mehta Shruti H , Ritter Kristen D , Laird Gregory M , Bordi Rebeka , Sekaly Rafick , Siliciano Janet D , Siliciano Robert F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The latent reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in CD4+ T cells is a major barrier to cure. HIV-1–infected persons who inject drugs (PWID) often struggle to maintain suppression of viremia and experience nonstructured treatment interruptions (NTIs). The effects of injecting drugs or NTIs on the reservoir are unclear. Using the intact proviral DNA assay, we found no apparent effect of heroin or cocaine use on reservoir size. However, we found significantly larger reservoirs in those with frequent NTIs or a shorter interval from last detectable HIV RNA measurement. These results have important implications for inclusion of PWID in HIV-1 cure studies.
Linking antimicrobial resistance surveillance to antibiotic policy in healthcare settings: the COMBACTE-Magnet EPI-Net COACH project
Authors: Pezzani Maria Diletta , Mazzaferri Fulvia , Compri Monica , Galia Liliana , Mutters Nico T , Kahlmeter Gunnar , Zaoutis Theoklis E , Schwaber Mitchell J , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús , Harbarth Stephan , Tacconelli Evelina ,   the COACH working group, Anaya Blanca , Arieti Fabiana , Rajendran Nithya Babu , Palacios Baena Zaira R , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús , Brusaferro Silvio , Carrara Elena , Cattaneo Dario , Charani Esmita , Compri Monica , Eremin Sergey , Galia Liliana , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Gomila-Grange Aina , Harbarth Stephan , Laxminarayan Ramanan , Lo Cascio Giuliana , Mazzaferri Fulvia , Mazzolini Elena , McCarthy Michael , Canton Rafael , Mutters Nico T , Neth Olaf , Oualim Abdelhak , Pezzani Maria Diletta , Prioteasa Adelina , Saris Katia , Schwaber Mitchell J , Schrijver Remco , LP AstraZeneca , Tacconelli Evelina , Vuong Cuong , Wolkewitz Martin , Zaoutis Theoklis E 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo systematically summarize the evidence on how to collect, analyse and report antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance data to inform antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) teams providing guidance on empirical antibiotic treatment in healthcare settings.MethodsThe research group identified 10 key questions about the link between AMR surveillance and AMS using a checklist of 9 elements for good practice in health research priority settings and a modified 3D combined approach matrix, and conducted a systematic review of published original studies and guidelines on the link between AMR surveillance and AMS.ResultsThe questions identified focused on AMS team composition; minimum infrastructure requirements for AMR surveillance; organisms, samples and susceptibility patterns to report; data stratification strategies; reporting frequency; resistance thresholds to drive empirical therapy; surveillance in high-risk hospital units, long-term care, outpatient and veterinary settings; and surveillance data from other countries. Twenty guidelines and seven original studies on the implementation of AMR surveillance as part of an AMS programme were included in the literature review.ConclusionsThe evidence summarized in this review provides a useful basis for a more integrated process of developing procedures to report AMR surveillance data to drive AMS interventions. These procedures should be extended to settings outside the acute-care institutions, such as long-term care, outpatient and veterinary. Without proper AMR surveillance, implementation of AMS policies cannot contribute effectively to the fight against MDR pathogens and may even worsen the burden of adverse events from such interventions.
White Paper: Bridging the gap between surveillance data and antimicrobial stewardship in long-term care facilities—practical guidance from the JPIAMR ARCH and COMBACTE-MAGNET EPI-Net networks
Authors: Sibani Marcella , Mazzaferri Fulvia , Carrara Elena , Pezzani Maria Diletta , Arieti Fabiana , Göpel Siri , Paul Mical , Tacconelli Evelina , Mutters Nico T , Voss Andreas ,   the ARCH working group
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn long-term care facilities (LTCFs) residents often receive inappropriate antibiotic treatment and infection prevention and control practices are frequently inadequate, thus favouring acquisition of MDR organisms. There is increasing evidence in the literature describing antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) activities in LTCFs, but practical guidance on how surveillance data should be linked with AMS activities in this setting is lacking. To bridge this gap, the JPIAMR ARCH and COMBACTE-MAGNET EPI-Net networks joined their efforts to provide practical guidance for linking surveillance data with AMS activities.Materials and methodsConsidering the three main topics [AMS leadership and accountability, antimicrobial usage (AMU) and AMS, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and AMS], a literature review was performed and a list of target actions was developed. Consensus on target actions was reached through a RAND-modified Delphi process involving 40 experts from 18 countries and different professional backgrounds adopting a One Health approach.ResultsFrom the 25 documents identified, 25 target actions were retrieved and proposed for expert evaluation. The consensus process produced a practical checklist including 23 target actions, differentiating between essential and desirable targets according to clinical relevance and feasibility. Flexible proposals for AMS team composition and leadership were provided, with a strong emphasis on the need for well-defined and adequately supported roles and responsibilities. Specific antimicrobial classes, AMU metrics, pathogens and resistance patterns to be monitored are addressed. Effective reporting strategies are described.ConclusionsThe proposed checklist represents a practical tool to support local AMS teams across a wide range of care delivery organization and availability of resources.
Treating COVID-19: are we missing out the window of opportunity?
Authors: Sundararaj Stanleyraj Jeremiah , Sethuraman Nandini , Gupta Rajesh , Thiruvoth Sohanlal , Gupta Manisha , Ryo Akihide 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSevere COVID-19 is a biphasic illness, with an initial viral replication phase, followed by a cascade of inflammatory events. Progression to severe disease is predominantly a function of the inflammatory cascade, rather than viral replication per se. This understanding can be effectively translated to changing our approach in managing the disease. The natural course of disease offers us separate windows of specific time intervals to administer either antiviral or immunomodulatory therapy. Instituting the right attack at the right time would maximize the benefit of treatment. This concept must also be factored into studies that assess the efficacy of antivirals and immunomodulatory agents against COVID-19.
Detecting Ingested Host Plant DNA in Potato Leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): Potential Use of Molecular Markers for Gut Content Analysis
Authors: Avanesyan Alina , Illahi Nurani , Lamp William O 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Detection of host plant DNA from sap-feeding insects can be challenging due to potential low concentration of ingested plant DNA. Although a few previous studies have demonstrated the possibility of detecting various fragments of plant DNA from some sap-feeders, there are no protocols available for potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a significant agricultural pest. In this study we focused on optimizing a DNA-based method for host plant identification of E. fabae and investigating the longevity of the ingested plant DNA as one of the potential applications of the protocol. We largely utilized and modified our previously developed PCR-based method for detecting host plant DNA from grasshopper and the spotted lanternfly gut contents. We have demonstrated that the trnL (UAA) gene can be successfully utilized for detecting ingested host plant DNA from E. fabae and determining plant DNA longevity. The developed protocol is a relatively quick and low-cost method for detecting plant DNA from E. fabae. It has a number of important applications—from determining host plants and dispersal of E. fabae to developing effective pest management strategies.
European Commission Merger Control Under Council Regulation No. 139/2004: Mapping The Most Expansive Acquirers In Merger And Acquisition Transactions In 2004–2015
Authors: Bartalevich Dzmitry 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn EU merger control, the European Commission is empowered by Council Regulation (EC) No. 139/2004 to regulate changes in market structure by deciding whether two or more firms may merge, combine, or consolidate their businesses into one. These decisions affect various market players, including major EU and non-EU businesses, as well as vast product and geographic markets. Offering a network perspective on the cleared merger and acquisition transactions in Phase I decisions under Article 6(1)(b) of Council Regulation (EC) No. 139/2004 (20 January 2004–01 July 2015), this article aims to investigate the overall composition of mergers and acquisitions in terms of their industry sectors and domiciles and to identify the types of firms that acquire more targets than other firms (that is, more expansive firms). The analysis is conducted by using data from the European Commission (601 transactions) and Bureau van Dijk (992 transactions).