bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitators of nutrition assessment, counseling and support for Tuberculosis patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Degefa Meaza Girma , Bezabih Afework Mulugeta , Kahsay Zinabu Hadush , Belachew Abate Bekele 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Provided the significant role of nutrition and proper diet to tuberculosis patients, nutrition assessment, counseling and support has become integral part of tuberculosis treatment. However, proper implementation is crucial to realize its effects, and the barriers and facilitators of implementation has not been studied yet. Objective: To explore barriers and facilitators of implementation of Nutrition Assessment, Counseling and Support for tuberculosis patients. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study conducted in public health facilities and health offices of Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia. A total of 17 purposively selected key informants were interviewed. Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded and analyzed using a thematic approach. Results: Barriers and facilitators were identified at three levels namely organization, care provider and patient levels. Suboptimal nutritional supply, lack of supportive supervision, lack of adequate work force, staff turn-over, sudden withdrawal of partners and weak link with social service were the barriers at the organization level. Lack of commitment was reported as the only barrier at care provider level and socioeconomic status of patients, sharing and selling of supplies, perceived improved status and perceived stigma were identified as the major barriers for the implementation of nutrition assessment, counseling and support services. While training, availability of measurement and educational tools, inclusion of nutrition indicators in the tuberculosis register, and presence of collaborating partners were identified as facilitators at organizational level. Patients’ motivation to know their health status was reported to be a facilitator at patient level.Conclusion and Implications: Organization, care provider and patient level barriers and facilitators found to influence the implementation. Multifaceted approaches are needed for the health system to successfully implement the program and to gain its potential impact.
The Psychological impact on the front-line medical staff during the recuperation after fighting against COVID-19 in China
Authors: Dong Jingjing , Geng Yan , Wang Bowen , Zhang Shu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background At the beginning of 2020, the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan (China) on a large scale. Medical staff from all over the country quickly supported Wuhan and put into combat. In May 2020, the epidemic has been effectively controlled, and medical staff withdrew from Wuhan and entered into recuperation. Methods During the recuperation in March and June, 2020, 441 medical staff were participated to investigate the psychological symptoms on SCL-90. Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance were chosen to analyze the data. Results Of the 441 participants, the positive ratio (i ≥ 2) of the ten dimensions and the average score of SCL-90 was from 3.17% to 13.61%. Compared respectively with the medical staff in front-line and the Chinese norms, the scores obviously decreased during the recuperation. Gender, occupation, professional ranks and titles, working position in Wuhan and the patient’s condition affected the scores of SCL-90, age and educational attainment had little effect. Conclusions These results showed that the recuperation had the positive impact on the psychological status of the medical staff after fighting against COVID-19, which is worthy of further promotion. Our findings also showed that a small number of medical staff still had the risk on the mental problem, which need continuous attention and intervention.
Contextualizing the Development of Ukrainian Higher Education: Between Soviet Legacies and European Regionalization
Authors: Zakharchuk Nataliia 
Published: October 2020

This paper contextualizes the development of Ukrainian higher education in broad historical, geopolitical, and socio-economic realities. The author argues that these realities determine the current Ukrainian education trajectory. Higher education reforms in Ukraine are analyzed in the context of two major influences: European regionalization and inherited Soviet structures in education. Particular focus is placed on the Bologna Process, the European education initiative to standardize higher education in Europe. Soviet organizational and administrative principles are outlined and analyzed as the second influence that determines Ukraine’s unique educational developments.
A brief overview of higher education reforms in Ukraine notes the distinctive changes in the legal framework between 1996 and 2014. Ukrainian education reforms within this period are viewed from the perspective of the Bologna Process, a series of voluntarily agreements between European countries to establish a common European Higher Education Area to retain the regions’ influence and competitiveness. Contesting voices regarding the European-associated education reforms range from unquestionable support (Europhiliac) to absolute rejection (Europhobic). Such contesting voices reflect the Ukrainian society’s broader understanding of its complex educational challenges. The author argues that public concerns about reforms in Ukraine initiated with the Bologna Process, originate in the nature of the reforms, the Ukrainian educational system and its foundational principles, public stereotyping of the reforms, and the unstable political situation in the country.
Long-term comparative analysis of the main epidemiological indicators for tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection in the Udmurt Republic
Authors: Afanasiev E. A. , Russkikh O. E. 
Published: October 2020

The objective of the study: to assess changes of epidemiological indicators for TB/HIV co-infection in the Udmurt Republic (UR) and the Russian Federation (RF) from 2008 to 2017 and make the prognosis for the next 5 years.Subjects and methods. The main epidemiological indicators for TB/HIV infection were retrospectively analyzed, the data were taken from annual reports of Republican TB Dispensary, Regional Center for AIDS and Infectious Diseases and Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics by the Russian Ministry of Health.Results. From 2008 to 2017, the incidence of respiratory tuberculosis both in the Russian Federation and in the Udmurt Republic decreased by 43.0%. While the incidence of HIV infection among the population of the Udmurt Republic increased by 148.5%, in the Russian Federation by 79.7%. From 2011 to 2017, the TB/HIV incidence increased in the UR by 76.6%, in the RF by 48.2%. The mortality of tuberculosis patients died of HIV infection increased by 147.6% in the RF, and by 400% in the UR. Trends in forecasts for investigated indicators of TB/HIV co-infection in the Udmurt Republic and the Russian Federation demonstrate their further growth.
Comparative assessment of tuberculosis vaccination in children with perinatal exposure to HIV and without it
Authors: Kukarkina V. A. , Golubkova A. A. , Podymova A. S. , Kukarkina A. A. 
Published: October 2020

The objective of the study is to assess the scope and timing of tuberculosis vaccination in children with perinatal exposure to HIV, to determine the effectiveness of vaccination by the scarsize and results of Mantoux test in 12 month safter vaccination.Subjects and methods. Documents on vaccination (Form no.063/u) and case histories (Form no.112/u) of 216 children with perinatal exposure to HIV were analyzed. The control group consisted of 100 children of the same age group born by HIV negative mothers. In this study, epidemiological (descriptive-evaluative, andanalytical) and statistical methods of research were applied.Results. The proportion of children vaccinated against tuberculosis in the maternity ward in the group with perinatal exposure to HIV made 74/196, and in the control group – 82/99, pχ2 < 0.01. The main reasons for the lack of vaccination were the failure to undergo the three-stage preventive chemotherapy of perinatal HIV infection (35%), neonatal pathology and prematurity (42%). No difference was found in the frequency of the vaccination scar formation and results of Mantoux test (in 12 months after vaccination) in children exposed to HIV and children from the control group (p > 0.05).65.3% of children exposed to HIV developed the vaccination scar and demonstrated post-vaccination allergies (55.3%) in 12 months after vaccination and there was no difference from children of the control group.
Results of treatment with bedaquiline containing regimens of MDR/XDR tuberculosis patients including those with concurrent HIV infection (the experience of Leningrad Region)
Authors: Danilova T. I. , Korneev Yu. V. , Kudlay D. A. , Nikolenko N. Yu. 
Published: October 2020

The effectiveness of tuberculosis control is associated with efficacy of treatment of TB patients and above all patients with multiple and extensive drug resistance (MDR/XDR MTB). Patients with TB/HIV co-infection providethe significant impact on the situation.The objective of the studyis to assess outcomes of chemotherapy regimens containing bedaquiline in patients with MDR/XDR TB including those with concurrent HIV infection.Subjects and methods. The efficacy and safety of the regimes containing bedaquiline were assessed in the intensive phase of chemotherapy in 80 patients with MDR/XDR TB: Group1 consisted of 46 patients with negative HIV status (ICD10 code A15-A19); Group 2 – 34 HIV positive patients at the advanced stage with manifestations of a mycobacterial infection (ICD10 code B20.0).Results. Treatment outcomes in the groups were as follows: the effective treatment was statistically significantly more frequent in Group 1 versus Group 2 (80.4 and 52.9%, respectively, p = 0.0088). Treatment failure was registered in 3 patients from each group; treatment defaults were statistically significantly more frequent in Group 2 compared to Group 1: in 8/34 versus 2/46 (p = 0.011). 3 patients were transferred out in both Group 1 and Group 2 (3/46 and 3/34, p = 0.69). During treatment, only 1 patient from Group 2 developed an adverse event, most likely associated with the in-take of bedaquiline, a heart rhythm disorder (ventricular arrhythmia) and prolongation of QTcF > 450 ms.
PERFIL DAS PESSOAS EM SITUAÇÃO DE FRAGILIDADE SOCIAL ATENDIDAS PELO “CONSULTÓRIO NA RUA” NA CIDADE DE TERESINA-PI
Authors: Sousa Silva Samya Yasmin , Dos Santos Rosa Lucia Cristina , De Carvalho Soares Lima Melissa 
Published: October 2020

Introdução: O presente trabalho busca conhecer o perfil do público atendido pelo Consultório na Rua (CNARUA), uma equipe de Atenção Básica destinada a atender de modo integral a população em situação de rua na cidade de Teresina-PI, em face da lacuna acerca dos principais traços desse segmento no contexto local. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa quanti-qualitativa tem como objetivo principal traçar um perfil da população em situação de Rua de Teresina atendidos pelo CNARUA. Além disso, comparar as características da População em Situação de Rua atendidos pelo CNARUA com a Pesquisa Nacional e contribuir para subsidiar a decifração da realidade da população em situação de rua na cidade de Teresina-PI. Método: Foi realizada a pesquisa percentil a partir da estatística descritiva, tendo como ferramenta o levantamento do perfil a partir de informações de prontuário ativo no ano 2018, posteriormente comparado estatisticamente com as características da população em situação de rua apresentadas na Pesquisa Nacional. Resultados: Durante a análise, observou-se os seguintes aspectos: Sexo, idade, Pessoa de Referência, Procedência/Naturalidade, O que a levou a viver nas ruas, e a necessidade de saúde explicitada. O estudo analítico dessas variáveis reforça a heterogeneidade do segmento e, dessa maneira, ampliou o significado do que é o viver na rua, trazendo à cena o que há em comum e divergente entre o perfil da população de rua local versus nacional desse grupo social. Por conseguinte, verifica-se a necessidade de compreender as especificidades de pessoas em situação de rua no sentido de atendê-las adequadamente, consonante às suas necessidades de saúde, que por vezes extrapolam ações interventivas no âmbito da saúde. Conclusões: A partir do estudo, sugere-se aos trabalhadores da saúde considerar a importância do conhecimento da população em situação de rua, pois é estratégico para produção e coordenação do cuidado humanizado.
Palavras-Chave: Consultório na Rua — População em Situação de Rua— Pesquisa Nacional População em Situação de Rua.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA MORTALIDADE NEONATAL NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ, BRASIL
Authors: Costa Pinheiro Amanda , Chaves Cardoso de Matos Samuel , Martins Silva Zenira , Medeiros Lis Cardoso 
Published: October 2020

Introdução: A redução da mortalidade infantil é ainda um desafio para os serviços de saúde. Apesar do declínio observado no Brasil, a mortalidade infantil permanece como uma grande preocupação em Saúde Pública. No Piauí com a implantação da Rede Cegonha e do Componente Neonatal nos últimos anos pode-se perceber um declínio no índice de mortalidade materna, infantil e neonatal, mas ainda continua-se perdendo mães e bebês por causas evitais. Apesar dos avanços que o estado teve após a implantação da rede cegonha esse desenvolvimento não se deu por igual em todas as regiões de saúde, ficando a maior parte da assistência centralizada ainda na capital. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade neonatal o estado do Piauí. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, abordagem quantitativa, e os dados foram coletados no sistema do DATASUS e tabulados utilizando o TABWIN E TABNET. Resultados: Observou-se uma redução do número absoluto total de óbitos entre os anos 2007 a 2015, havendo um aumento de aproximadamente 4,5% entre os anos de 2015 e 2016. A mortalidade neonatal precoce compreendeu mais de 3/4 dos óbitos neonatais. Mais de 53% dos óbitos são de RN de baixo peso. Cerca de 48,7% dos óbitos referem-se aos prematuros. Conclusões: Os achados revelaram as principais características dos óbitos neonatais no Piauí na série temporal (2007-2016).
CAMINHOS PARA O ENVELHECIMENTO SAUDÁVEL: RELAÇÃO ENTRE HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL SISTÊMICA E PRINCIPAIS FATORES DE RISCOS MODIFICÁVEIS
Authors: Carneiro Alves Pereira Mayane , De Fátima da Silva Santos Lúcia 
Published: October 2020

Introdução: O Brasil vive um processo de envelhecimento e dentre as doenças mais comuns aos idosos, estão aquelas crônicas não transmissíveis, que apresentam desenvolvimento lento e efeitos deletérios a longo prazo, entre elas, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica, que apresenta como peculiaridade seu caráter multifatorial. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e seus principais fatores de riscos modificáveis. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo transversal de amostragem não probabilística, o levantamento ocorreu junto aos idosos do Programa Terceira Idade em Ação da Universidade Federal do Piauí, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2015. Participaram da coleta, idosos, independente do sexo, devidamente matriculados no programa em questão. Foram excluídos aqueles que apresentavam déficit cognitivo. Cada participante foi avaliado através de um formulário socioeconômico e físico; e avaliação física da circunferência da cintura. Os dados foram analisados por meio do software Statistical Product and Service Solutions versão 20.0. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 99 idosos, sendo 87,9% do sexo feminino. A maior prevalência de sexo feminino pode estar relacionada ao processo de feminização da velhice, que é caracterizado pela maior expectativa de vida das mulheres. Quanto à atividade física, apenas 15,2% dos idosos foram considerados praticantes de atividade física regular, sendo que o sedentarismo é um importante fator de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Ao avaliar a situação de saúde observou-se que 50,5% dos pesquisados apresentavam hipertensão arterial sistêmica e correlação significativa com valores elevados de circunferência da cintura (p=0,03). Conclusões: Os hábitos de vida e situação de saúde apontaram que reduzido número de idosos encontram-se ativos; e a relação significativa entre a circunferência da cintura e o diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica evidenciam a importância de atuar sobre as diversas variáveis que compõem a saúde.
MORBIDADE E MORTALIDADE INFANTIL COM FOCO NAS CAUSAS PERINATAIS NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Fernandes Moreira Elionara Aline , Cardoso de Oliveira Isabely , Barbosa de Andrade Fábia 
Published: October 2020

Introdução: Uma das fases da vida na qual o ser humano está mais sujeito a sofrer com o processo de morbimortalidade é na infância, isso é ocasionada por diversos fatores, tem-se, portanto foco nesse público quando se trata do estudo de mortalidade e morbidade infantil. Objetivo: analisar a morbidade hospitalar e mortalidade infantil por causas perinatais em menores de um ano no nordeste brasileiro no período de 2013 a 2017. Metodologia: Caracteriza-se como estudo do tipo ecológico, realizado a partir de dados secundários extraídos do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) oriundos do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM) e o Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do SUS (SIH/SUS), no período de 2013 a 2017. Resultados: Revelaram que as causas perinatais são grandes contribuintes para a mortalidade. Dos fatores que mais matam estão à septicemia bacteriana (30,7%) e afecções maternas (42,3%). O ano de 2013 e o estado da Bahia revelaram um maior número de óbitos. Quanto à morbidade pode-se observar os agravos afecções do período perinatal (33,8%) e transtornos respiratórios do período perinatal (49,7%) sendo aqueles com maior número de casos, além do ano de 2017 e o estado da Bahia como sendo os que apresentaram maior número de internações. Conclusões: As causas perinatais são um dos principais fatores responsáveis por gerar vítimas, tornando-se necessária a tomada de medidas. Deve-se melhorar a transmissão de conhecimentos a fim de prevenir as doenças e fortalecer a promoção à saúde e reduzir as taxas de morbimortalidade.
Palavras-Chave: Mortalidade infantil; Mortalidade neonatal; Enfermagem perinatal; Cuidado perinatal; Morbidade; Mortalidade perinatal.
Confounding Effects of Food Intake and Physical Activities on Student Body Mass Index Using General Loglinear Models
Authors: Mahmud Zamalia , Makhtar NurAthirah 
Published: October 2020

Background:
There is need to prioritize the promotion of physical activity and eating habit to promote healthy
practices and prevent the occurrence of disease and obesity.

Objective:
This study aims to examine the association strength between types of food intake and physical activities using
General Loglinear Models (GENLOG).

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on selected secondary schools in the eastern
states of Peninsular Malaysia. It involved a sample of 326 students (aged between 13 to 17 years).
A questionnaire was administered to the students within the school compound and a face-to-face interview
was conducted. Ratio Chi-square statistic was used to determine the association between
the types of food intake and physical activities; while, Mantel Haenszel’s test of homogeneity was
used to identify the presence of confounding variables.

Results:
The results showed that the consumption of breakfast, fast food, and snacks was significantly associated with
various physical activities with some confounding effects.

Conclusion:
Comparison of several loglinear models confirmed the homogenous loglinear model
as most parsimonious in explaining the association between types of food intake and physical activity
among adolescents.
Challenges Contributing to Loss to Follow-up as Experienced by Glaucoma Patients in the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Tshivhase Shonisani , Khoza Lunic Base 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Glaucoma is a group of chronic diseases of the optic nerve that, if not managed effectively, could lead to blindness of many people worldwide. Non-adherence to medical treatments typically lead to burdensome consequences such as progressive visual loss and disabilities. Fortunately, literature reveals that with timed appropriate treatment, such blindness can be prevented. Thus, patients’ adherence to follow-up plays an important role in maintaining vision. However, glaucoma patients in Vhembe District still miss their follow-up appointments.

Objective:
This study sought to explore factors contributing to loss to follow-up as experienced by glaucoma patients in South Africa.

Methods:
Qualitative, explorative, and descriptive research designs, using qualitative methodology, were adopted. The population consisted of glaucoma patients who had been on antiglaucoma medications for three years and above. The purposive sampling method was used to select 18 participants for the study. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview using an interview guide. Participants were between the ages of 24 and 80 years. Tesch’s eight steps of qualitative data analysis were used. Measures to ensure trustworthiness and ethical issues were observed.

Results:
The study findings revealed that some of the patients did not understand glaucoma disease and the importance of follow-up. Financial constraints, traditional/religious belief, shortage of medications, and negative staff attitude were the most cited barriers contributing to loss to follow-up.

Conclusion:
Follow up adherence amongst glaucoma patients was negatively influenced by low disease knowledge. Therefore an improvement in patient education, transportation services, and clinic efficiency may strengthen follow-up visits.