bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rare case of fenpyroximate poisoning with presenting anticholinesterase poisoning signs
Authors: Kheirkhah Soodabeh , Bahmani Kiumars 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report a case of fenpyroximate poisoning with cholinergic signs that could be due to mixing it with anticholinesterase. Clinicians should consider co‐ingestion of pesticides to proper diagnosis and management of the pesticide poisoning.
The Photoisomerization Pathway(s) of Push–Pull Phenylazoheteroarenes**
Authors: Vela Sergi , Corminboeuf Clémence 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAzoheteroarenes are the most recent derivatives targeted to further improve the properties of azo‐based photoswitches. Their light‐induced mechanism for trans–cis isomerization is assumed to be very similar to that of the parent azobenzene. As such, they inherited the controversy about the dominant isomerization pathway (rotation vs. inversion) depending on the excited state (nπ* vs. ππ*). Although the controversy seems settled in azobenzene, the extent to which the same conclusions apply to the more structurally diverse family of azoheteroarenes is unclear. Here, by means of non‐adiabatic molecular dynamics, the photoisomerization mechanism of three prototypical phenyl‐azoheteroarenes with increasing push–pull character is unraveled. The evolution of the rotational and inversion conical intersection energies, the preferred pathway, and the associated kinetics upon both nπ* and ππ* excitations can be linked directly with the push–pull substitution effects. Overall, the working conditions of this family of azo‐dyes is clarified and a possibility to exploit push–pull substituents to tune their photoisomerization mechanism is identified, with potential impact on their quantum yield.
“Missing” acute coronary syndrome hospitalizations during the COVID‐19 era in Greece: Medical care avoidance combined with a true reduction in incidence?
Authors: Papafaklis Michail I. , Katsouras Christos S. , Tsigkas Grigorios , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Davlouros Periklis , Hahalis George N. , Kousta Maria S. , Styliadis Ioannis G. , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Pappas Loukas , Tsiourantani Fotini , Varytimiadi Efthymia , Anyfantakis Zacharias‐Alexandros , Iakovis Nikolaos , Grammata Paraskevi , Karvounis Haralambos , Ziakas Antonios , Sianos George , Tziakas Dimitrios , Pappa Evgenia , Dagre Anna , Patsilinakos Sotirios , Trikas Athanasios , Lamprou Thomais , Mamarelis Ioannis , Katsimagklis Georgios , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Naka Katerina , Michalis Lampros K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundReports from countries severely hit by the COVID‐19 pandemic suggest a decline in acute coronary syndrome (ACS)‐related hospitalizations. The generalizability of this observation on ACS admissions and possible related causes in countries with low COVID‐19 incidence are not known.HypothesisACS admissions were reduced in a country spared by COVID‐19.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide study on the incidence rates of ACS‐related admissions during a 6‐week period of the COVID‐19 outbreak and the corresponding control period in 2019 in Greece, a country with strict social measures, low COVID‐19 incidence, and no excess in mortality.ResultsACS admissions in the COVID‐19 (n = 771) compared with the control (n = 1077) period were reduced overall (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.72, P < .001) and for each ACS type (ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI]: IRR: 0.76, P = .001; non‐STEMI: IRR: 0.74, P < .001; and unstable angina [UA]: IRR: 0.63, P = .002). The decrease in STEMI admissions was stable throughout the COVID‐19 period (temporal correlation; R2 = 0.11, P = .53), whereas there was a gradual decline in non‐STEMI/UA admissions (R2 = 0.75, P = .026) following the progressively stricter social measures. During the COVID‐19 period, patients admitted with ACS presented more frequently with left ventricular systolic impairment (22.2 vs 15.5% control period; P < .001).ConclusionsWe observed a reduction in ACS hospitalizations during the COVID‐19 outbreak in a country with strict social measures, low community transmission, and no excess in mortality. Medical care avoidance behavior is an important factor for these observations, while a true reduction of the ACS incidence due to self‐isolation/quarantining may have also played a role.
Auditory impairment in H‐ABC tubulinopathy
Authors: Lopez‐Juarez Alejandra , Gonzalez‐Vega Arturo , Kleinert‐Altamirano Anke , Piazza Valeria , Garduno‐Robles Angeles , Alata Milvia , Villaseñor‐Mora Carlos , Eguibar Jose R. , Cortes Carmen , Padierna Luis Carlos , Hernandez Victor H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H‐ABC) is a neurodegenerative disease due to mutations in TUBB4A. Patients suffer from extrapyramidal movements, spasticity, ataxia, and cognitive deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging features are hypomyelination and atrophy of the striatum and cerebellum. A correlation between the mutations and their cellular, tissue and organic effects is largely missing. The effects of these mutations on sensory functions have not been described so far. We have previously reported a rat carrying a TUBB4A (A302T) mutation and sharing most of the clinical and radiological signs with H‐ABC patients. Here, for the first time, we did a comparative study of the hearing function in an H‐ABC patient and in this mutant model. By analyzing hearing function, we found that there are no significant differences in the auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds between mutant rats and WT controls. Nevertheless, ABRs show longer latencies in central waves (II–IV) that in some cases disappear when compared to WT. The patient also shows abnormal AEPs presenting only Waves I and II. Distortion product of otoacoustic emissions and immunohistochemistry in the rat show that the peripheral hearing function and morphology of the organ of Corti are normal. We conclude that the tubulin mutation severely impairs the central hearing pathway most probably by progressive central white matter degeneration. Hearing function might be affected in a significant fraction of patients with H‐ABC; therefore, screening for auditory function should be done on patients with tubulinopathies to evaluate hearing support therapies.
Uncertainty in model‐based treatment decision support: Applied to aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Meiburg Roel , Huberts Wouter , Rutten Marcel C. M. , van de Vosse Frans N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPatient outcome in trans‐aortic valve implantation (TAVI) therapy partly relies on a patient's haemodynamic properties that cannot be determined from current diagnostic methods alone. In this study, we predict changes in haemodynamic parameters (as a part of patient outcome) after valve replacement treatment in aortic stenosis patients. A framework to incorporate uncertainty in patient‐specific model predictions for decision support is presented. A 0D lumped parameter model including the left ventricle, a stenotic valve and systemic circulatory system has been developed, based on models published earlier. The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is used to optimize model input parameters to fit measured data pre‐intervention. After optimization, the valve treatment is simulated by significantly reducing valve resistance. Uncertain model parameters are then propagated using a polynomial chaos expansion approach. To test the proposed framework, three in silico test cases are developed with clinically feasible measurements. Quality and availability of simulated measured patient data are decreased in each case. The UKF approach is compared to a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) approach, a well‐known approach in modelling predictions with uncertainty. Both methods show increased confidence intervals as measurement quality decreases. By considering three in silico test‐cases we were able to show that the proposed framework is able to incorporate optimization uncertainty in model predictions and is faster and the MCMC approach, although it is more sensitive to noise in flow measurements. To conclude, this work shows that the proposed framework is ready to be applied to real patient data.
Feature extraction based ondeep‐convolutional neural network for face recognition
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Niu Haitao 
Published: July 2020

SummaryFeature extraction is a critical technology that affects the accuracy of face recognition. However, certain features are highly related to changes in face are difficult to extract because of the influences of individual differences and illumination. Therefore, features can accurately describe the changes in face are urgently required. For this reason, this article proposes a feature extraction method based on deep learning. This method combines the features extracted by Local Binary Patterns and by Convolutional Neural Network convolutional layer in the network connection layer, thus obtaining classification features with high representation ability and solving the problem of single feature extraction. The VGG‐16 network proposed in this article has been improved by changing the framework structure. Some experiments based on the Labeled Faces in the Wild dataset are performed, and results show that, in terms of accuracy and the sensitivity to light, the proposed method reaches 99.56% and 80.35% respectively. The recognition results obtained from fused features are superior to which of single feature recognition. Simulation results show that the method is more robust to changes in the illumination condition and more efficient than the existing methods.
A systematic literature review of childhood externalizing psychopathology and later psychotic symptoms
Authors: Gin Kimberley , Stewart Catherine , Jolley Suzanne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChildhood onset mental health difficulties are known to be associated with later mental health disorders and worse prognoses in adulthood. Individuals who develop schizophrenia present, from childhood onwards, with cognitive deficits, psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) and internalizing and externalizing problems (EPs). People with a diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) are also more likely than people without this diagnosis to engage in aggressive behaviour towards others. This systematic review examines the evidence base investigating associations between childhood EPs and later psychotic symptoms. Searches were conducted on Ovid (Medline and Psychinfo), Pubmed and Scopus. PRISMA best‐practice guidelines for conducting systematic literature reviews were followed. Data were extracted from predefined items and assessed using a quality rating scale. Fifteen studies were identified. Eleven of the 15 studies reported significant associations between childhood externalizing psychopathology and later psychotic symptoms, one study reported an association that did not reach significance, and three studies found no associations. Despite the substantial variations in conceptualization of EP, PLEs and SSD, this review found preliminary evidence for an association between childhood antisocial and aggressive behaviour and the later development of psychotic symptoms. Assessing children with EP for PLEs may be important to inform psychological therapies. More longitudinal studies are needed to better understand outcomes for children with presentations across the EP spectrum.
Photocatalytic H2 Evolution from Ammonia Borane: Improvement of Charge Separation and Directional Charge Transmission
Authors: Zhang Sishi , Xu Jie , Cheng Hongmei , Zang Cuicui , Bian Fengxia , Sun Bin , Shen Yu , Jiang Heyan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCo/MIIFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) LDH photocatalysts have been designed from the aspect of employing stable half‐filled Fe3+ to trap photogenerated electrons, adjusting the MII−O−Fe oxo‐bridged structure to optimize the short‐range directional charge transmission and intercalating oxometallate anions into the LDH to further improve light absorption along with electron‐hole separation and non‐noble metal Co NP loading and reduction to form a heterojunction. These LDH‐based photocatalysts are employed for photocatalytic H2 evolution from ammonia borane in aqueous solution under visible light at 298 K. The photocatalytic H2 evolution activity is greatly improved through adjustment of the MII−O−Fe oxo‐bridged structure and molybdate intercalation into the LDH. Turnover frequencies of up to 113.2 min−1 are achieved with Co/CoFe−Mo. Alongside the experimental results and materials characterization, capture experiments and in situ DRIFTS analysis are carried out to study the photocatalytic hydrogen production mechanism.
A Dendrite‐Structured RbX (X=Br, I) Interlayer for CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells with Over 15 % Stabilized Efficiency
Authors: He Jingjing , Ge Bing , Hou Yu , Yang Shuang , Yang Hua Gui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInterface engineering has shown great potential to improve the photovoltaic performance and long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells. Herein, RbX (X=Br, I) materials were developed as the interfacial modifiers for CsPbI2Br solar cells that realized power conversion efficiencies (PCE) over 15 % with a high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.27 V. The RbX interlayer having a dendrite‐shaped structure could optimize the surface wetting behavior of TiO2 films and thus enabled formation of high‐quality perovskite films. More importantly, RbX could better align the devices’ energy levels and passivate surface defects because of its large bandgap. The PCE of a CsPbI2Br device with RbX interlayer remained 87 % of its initial efficiency for 800 h in ambient atmosphere.
CD8+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes within the primary tumor of patients with synchronous de novo metastatic colorectal carcinoma do not track with survival
Authors: Millen Rosemary , Hendry Shona , Narasimhan Vignesh , Abbott Rebecca , Croxford Matthew , Gibbs Peter , Tie Jeanne , Wong Hui‐Li , Jones Ian , Kosmider Suzanne , Byrne David , Zalcberg John , Fox Stephen , Desai Jayesh , Visvanathan Kumar , Ramsay Robert G , Tran Ben 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), particularly CD8+ TILs in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), are highly prognostic in the early‐disease stages (I‐II). In metastatic disease (stage IV; mCRC), their influence is less well defined. It has presumably failed to contain tumor cells to the primary site; however, is this evident? We explored the prognostic impact of TILs at the primary site in patients who presented de novo with mCRC.MethodsTreatment‐naïve patients (109) with mCRC were assessed for CD8+ TILs and PD‐L1 expression. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was evaluated by IHC for PMS2 and MSH6 proteins and/or by PCR using the Bethesda panel.ResultsMicrosatellite instability‐high tumors had significantly more CD8+ TILs, with no significant survival advantage observed between MSI‐H and microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors (12 vs 19 months, P = 0.304). TIL density for all cases had no impact on OS (low: 20 vs high: 13 months, P = 0.426), while PD‐L1 of 1% or higher was associated with reduced mean survival (9.6 vs 18.9 months; P = 0.038). MSI‐H tumors and associated immune cells had higher PD‐L1 expression than in MSS cases. A positive correlation between PD‐L1 on immune cells and CD8+ve TILs was found. A subset of MSS tumors had relatively high TILs approximating that of MSI‐H tumors.ConclusionIn contrast to early‐stage CRC, the immune response in primary tumors of patients with de novo mCRC does not appear to influence survival. A subgroup of MSS tumors was identified with increased TILs/PD‐L1 comparable to MSI‐H tumors, traditionally not be considered for immune checkpoint blockade and perhaps should be.
Effectiveness of intensive cognitive behavioral therapy in adolescents and adults with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Dalle Grave Riccardo , Conti Maddalena , Calugi Simona 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness of an intensive treatment based on enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT‐E) in adolescent and adult patients with anorexia nervosa.MethodsA total of 150 consecutive patients (74 adolescents and 81 adults) were admitted to a 20‐week intensive CBT‐E program (13 weeks of inpatient followed by 7 weeks of day‐hospital treatment). All patients had responded poorly to previous outpatient treatments and were assessed at admission, end of treatment (EOT), and 20‐ and 60‐week follow‐ups.ResultsAbout 70% of eligible patients began the program, and more than 85% completed it. Body mass index (BMI) in adults and BMI‐for‐age percentile in adolescents improved significantly from baseline to EOT, remained stable until 20‐week follow‐up, and slightly decreased from 20‐week follow‐up to 60‐week follow‐up, while remaining in the lower normal range. Eating disorder psychopathology, general psychopathology, and clinical impairment scores decreased significantly at EOT and showed only a slight increase from EOT to follow‐ups. No difference was found between adolescent and adult patients in treatment acceptance, dropout, or any outcome measure.DiscussionThese findings indicate that intensive CBT‐E seems to be an effective treatment for severely ill adolescent and adult patients with anorexia nervosa.
Thermal evolution of life history and heat tolerance during range expansions toward warmer and cooler regions
Authors: Carbonell José Antonio , Stoks Robby 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpecies’ range edges are expanding to both warmer and cooler regions. Yet, no studies directly compared the changes in range‐limiting traits within the same species during both types of range expansions. To increase our mechanistic understanding of range expansions, it is crucial to disentangle the contributions of plastic and genetic changes in these traits. The aim of this study was to test for plastic and evolutionary changes in heat tolerance, life history, and behavior, and compare these during range expansions toward warmer and cooler regions. Using laboratory experiments we reconstructed the thermal performance curves (TPCurves) of larval life history (survival, growth, and development rates) and larval heat tolerance (CTmax) across two recent range expansions from the core populations in southern France toward a warmer (southeastern Spain) and a cooler (northwestern Spain) region in Europe by the damselfly Ischnura elegans. First‐generation larvae from field‐collected mothers were reared across a range of temperatures (16°–28°C) in incubators. The range expansion to the warmer region was associated with the evolution of a greater ability to cope with high temperatures (increased mean and thermal plasticity of CTmax), faster development, and, in part, a faster growth, indicating a higher time constraints caused by a shorter time frame available for larval development associated with a transition to a greater voltinism. Our results thereby support the emerging pattern that plasticity in heat tolerance alone is inadequate to adapt to new thermal regimes. The range expansion to the cooler region was associated with faster growth indicating countergradient variation without a change in CTmax. The evolution of a faster growth rate during both range expansions could be explained by a greater digestive efficiency rather than an increased food intake. Our results highlight that range expansions to warmer and cooler regions can result in similar evolutionary changes in the TPCurves for life history, and no opposite changes in heat tolerance.
Degrees of change: between and within population variation in thermal reaction norms of phenology in a viviparous lizard
Authors: Cunningham George D. , While Geoffrey M. , Olsson Mats , Ljungström Gabriella , Wapstra Erik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs the earth warms, populations will be faced with novel environments to which they may not be adapted. In the short term, populations can be buffered against the negative effects, or maximize the beneficial effects, of such environmental change via phenotypic plasticity and, in the longer term, via adaptive evolution. However, the extent and direction of these population‐level responses will be dependent on the degree to which responses vary among the individuals within them (i.e., within population variation in plasticity), which is, itself, likely to vary among populations. Despite this, we have estimates of among‐individual variation in plastic responses across multiple populations for only a few systems. This lack of data limits our ability to predict the consequences of environmental change for population and species persistence accurately. Here, we utilized a 16‐yr data set from climatically distinct populations of the viviparous skink Niveoscincus ocellatus tracking over 1,200 litters from more than 600 females from each population to examine inter‐ and intrapopulation variability in the response of parturition date to environmental temperature. We found that these populations share a common population‐mean reaction norm but differ in the degree to which reaction norms vary among individuals. These results suggest that even where populations share a common mean‐level response, we cannot assume that they will be affected similarly by altered environmental conditions. If we are to assess how changing climates will impact species and populations accurately, we require estimates of how plastic responses vary both among and within populations.
High‐intensity training as a novel treatment for impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes [HIT4HYPOS]: Protocol for a randomized parallel‐group study
Authors: Farrell Catriona M. , McNeilly Alison D. , West Daniel , McCrimmon Rory J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThis pilot study aimed to investigate whether a 4‐week programme of intermittent high‐intensity training (HIT) will improve counterregulatory responses and improve hypoglycaemia awareness in adults with type 1 diabetes who have been exposed to recurrent hypoglycaemia.MethodsAdults with type 1 diabetes who have been exposed to recurrent hypoglycaemia will be recruited from NHS Tayside, Scotland. All participants have a 4‐week run‐in period to optimize glycaemic control and to receive instruction in hypoglycaemia avoidance using insulin dose adjustment and real‐time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Following this, they will undergo a baseline 90‐minute hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemic clamp to assess symptomatic, cognitive and hormonal counterregulatory responses. Subsequently, participants will be randomized in a parallel‐group design to either undergo a 4‐week intervention with HIT or to no exercise with both groups using CGM throughout and receiving additional advice on hypoglycaemia avoidance. Participants in the HIT arm of the trial will be instructed to exercise 3 times a week on a cycle ergometer and asked to achieve ≥ 90% max heart rate during each period of exercise. On completion of the intervention period, all subjects then undergo a second matched hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemic clamp study.DiscussionThis pilot study will determine whether high‐intensity exercise may offer a novel approach to restore hypoglycaemic awareness in type 1 diabetes (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials No: ISRCTN15373978).