bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian model infers drug repurposing candidates for treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Kiebish Michael A. , Shah Punit , Sarangarajan Rangaprasad , Vishnudas Vivek K. , Gesta Stephane , Tekumalla Poornima K. , Bountra Chas , Granger Elder , Schadt Eric , Rodrigues Leonardo O. , Narain Niven R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background The emergence of COVID-19 progressed into a global pandemic that has functionally put the world at a standstill and catapulted major healthcare systems into an overburdened state. The dire need for therapeutic strategies to mitigate and successfully treat COVID-19 is now a public health crisis with national security implications for many countries.Methods The current study employed Bayesian networks to a longitudinal proteomic dataset generated from Caco-2 cells transfected with SARS-CoV-2 (isolated from patients returning from Wuhan to Frankfurt) [1]. Two different approaches were employed to assess the Bayesian models, a titer-center topology analysis and a drug signature enrichment analysis.Results Topology analysis identified a set of proteins directly linked to the SAR-CoV2 titer, including ACE2, a SARS-CoV-2 binding receptor, MAOB and CHECK1. Aligning with the topology analysis, MAOB and CHECK1 were also identified within the enriched drug-signatures.Conclusions Taken together, the data output from this network has identified nodal host proteins that may be connected to 18 chemical compounds, some already marketed, which provides an immediate opportunity to rapidly triage these assets for safety and efficacy against COVID-19.
Bayesian small-area modelling of COVID-19 cases and deaths in England and association with key risk factors: a combined space–time Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed (SEIR) model
Authors: Sartorius Benn , Lawson Andrew , Pullan Rachel L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 caseloads in England appear have passed through a first peak, with evidence of an emerging second wave. To ensure continued response to the epidemic is most effective, it is imperative to better understand both retrospectively and prospectively the geographical evolution of COVID-19 caseloads and deaths, identify localised areas in space-time at significantly higher risk, quantify the impact of changes in localised population mobility (or movement) on caseloads, identify localised risk factors for increased mortality and project the likely course of the epidemic at small-area resolution in coming weeks.Methods: We applied a Bayesian space–time SEIR model to assess the spatiotemporal variability of COVID-19 caseloads (transmission) and deaths at small-area scale in England (Middle Layer Super Output Area [MSOA], 6791 units) and by week (using observed data from week 5 to 34), including key determinants, the modelled transmission dynamics and spatial-temporal random effects. We also estimate the number of cases and deaths at small-area resolution with uncertainty projected forward in time by MSOA (up to week 51 of 2020), the impact mobility reductions (and subsequent easing) have had on COVID-19 caseloads and quantify the impact of key socio-demographic risk factors on COVID-19 related mortality risk by MSOA.Results: Reductions in population mobility due the course of the first lockdown had a significant impact on the reduction of COVID-19 caseloads across England, however local authorities have had a varied rate of reduction in population movement which our model suggest has substantially impacted the geographic heterogeneity in caseloads at small-area scale. The steady gain in population mobility, observed from late April, appears to have contributed to a slowdown in caseload reductions towards late June and subsequent steady increase signalling the start of the second wave. MSOA with higher proportions of elderly (70+ years of age) and elderly living in deprivation, both with very distinct geographic distributions, have a significantly elevated COVID-19 mortality rates.Conclusions: While non-pharmaceutical interventions (that is, reductions in population mobility and social distancing) had a profound impact on the trajectory of the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in England, increased population mobility appears to have contributed to the current increase signalling the start of the second wave. A number of contiguous small-areas appear to be at a significant elevated risk of high COVID-19 transmission, many of which are also at increased risk for higher mortality rates. A geographically staggered re-introduction of intensified social distancing measures is advised and limited cross MSOA movement if the magnitude and geographic extent of the second wave is to be reduced.
Enset-Based land use land cover change detection and its impact on soil erosion in Meki river watershed, Western Lake Ziway Sub-Basin, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Woldesenbet Alemu Beyene , Wudmatas Sebsebe Demisew , Denboba Mekuria Argaw , Gebremariam Azage Gebreyohannes 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Water erosion, upland degradation and deforestation are key environmental problems in the Meki river watershed. The study assessed the land use land cover change (LULCC) for 30 years and it examined the contribution of indigenous Enset-Based land use system (EBLUS) to reduce soil erosion and prevent water bodies including Lake Ziway from sedimentation which was not considered in the former studies. GPS based data collected and satellite based LULC analysis using ERDAS Imagine 2014 performed to investigate existing farm management practices and land cover respectively. HEC-GEOHMS, Geo-statistical interpolation and RUSLE were applied to model watershed characteristics, spatial climate parameters and soil loss respectively. Result Meki river watershed (2110.4sq.km of area) is dominantly covered by cultivated LUS (41.5%), EBLUS (10.65%), Bush and Chat LUS (25.6%), Forest and plantations LUS (14.14%), built-up (7.4%) and water bodies (0.75%). Soil loss is increasing from 1987 to 2017 and a larger part of the watershed suffers a moderately severe to very severe risk (18 t ha-1yr-1 to >80 t ha-1yr-1) in all sub-watersheds irrespective of the land use systems which shows the watershed is facing sever degradation problem. The mean soil loss of 30.5 t ha-1yr-1 and 31.905 t ha-1yr-1 are verified from Enset growing zones and non-Enset growing zones of the watershed respectively. Conclusion EBLUS saves significant amount of soil despite the steepness of the slopes of the Enset growing zones of the watershed. Hence, expansion of EBLUS can contribute in sustaining water bodies, including Lake Ziway by reducing soil loss rate and sedimentation problem for the ecological sustainability of the watershed. Therefore, separate land use policy and awareness creation are mandatory for such EBLUS expansion, sustainable watershed management interventions and conservation of the natural environment in the watershed based on its suitability and severity of erosion risk mapping.
Results of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in 108 patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Möhn Nora , Yi Luo , Skripuletz Thomas , Schwenkenbecher Philipp , Ladwig Anne , Warnke Clemens , Meuth Sven G. , Wiendl Heinz , Gross Catharina C. , Schröder Christoph , Haghikia Aiden , Stangel Martin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by an opportunistic infection with JC polyoma virus (JCPyV) and mainly affects immunocompromised patients. It leads to pronounced demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in severe disability or even death. Detection of JCPyV DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is usually accepted as proof for the diagnosis of PML. Values from routine CSF parameters, like CSF cell count, protein concentration, Qalbumin, or intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis are mostly considered as normal. However, this has not been investigated systematically.
Methods: We therefore analyzed those standard CSF parameters in a cohort of 108 PML patients that were treated at four different neurological centers in Germany. The patients exhibited different underlying conditions with natalizumab treatment in multiple sclerosis (n=54) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection (n=25) being the most frequent. The data were collected at the respective centers in accordance with local requirements and then jointly analyzed. The results of the total PML cohort were compared with a control group of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Multiple sclerosis and HIV patients were additionally compared with their own non-PML control groups.
Results: The PML group showed an elevated cell count (p<0.001) compared to the control group, however, this effect was mainly driven by HIV-PML patients. This subgroup also demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of patients with a disturbed blood-CSF-barrier function.
Conclusions: This comprehensive, retrospective study on CSF diagnostic results in PML patients provides insight into the CSF findings in patients with PML. It demonstrates that CSF changes in PML patients may be specific for the underlying condition that predisposes for the development of PML and thus data have to be interpreted in this context.
Recycling of autophagosomal components from autolysosomes by recycler complex
Authors: Rong Yueguang , Zhou Chuchu , Wu Zhe , Du Wanqing , Li Ying , Jian Fenglei , Wang Yufen , Que Huilin , Yuan Weigang , Zhao Yuan , Tian Rui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Autolysosomes contain components both from autophagosomes and lysosomes. The contents inside the autophagosomal lumen are degraded during autophagy, while the fate of autophagosomal components on autolysosomal membrane remains unknown. Here, we found the autophagosomal membrane and transmembrane proteins are not degraded, but recycled from autolysosomes. We named this process autophagosomal components recycling (ACR). We further identified a multiprotein complex composed of SNX4, SNX5 and SNX17 essential for ACR which we termed “recycler”. In this, SNX4 and SNX5 form a heterodimer that recognizes an autophagosomal cargo STX17 and is required for generating membrane curvature on autolysosomes both via their BAR domains, to mediate the cargo sorting process. SNX17 interacts with both the dynein-dynactin complex and the SNX4-SNX5 dimer to facilitate retrograde transport of STX17. Depletion of any subunit of recycler completely blocks ACR, and also inhibits autophagy. Our discovery of ACR and identification of recycler reveal an important retrieval and recycling pathway on autolysosomes.
Diabetes patients with comorbidities had unfavorable outcomes following COVID-19: a retrospective study
Authors: Hu Weihua , Luo Shunkui , Lu Zhanjin , Li Chang , Chen Qijian , Fan Yameng , Chen Zaishu , Wu Longlong , Ye Jianfang , Chen Shiyan , Tong Junlu , Wang Lingling , Mei Jin , Lu Hongyun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that diabetes mellitus is a common comorbidity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the effects of diabetes or antidiabetic medication on the mortality of COVID-19 have not been well described. To investigate the outcome of different statuses (with or without comorbidity) and antidiabetic medication use before admission of patients with diabetes after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we collected clinical data of patients with COVID-19 and compared those with diabetes versus nondiabetics.MethodsIn this multicenter and retrospective study, we enrolled 1,422 consecutive hospitalized patients from January 21 to March 25, 2020, at six hospitals in Hubei Province, China. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality.ResultsPatients with diabetes were 10 years older than nondiabetic patients (p<0.001) and had a higher prevalence of comorbidities such as hypertension (p<0.001), coronary heart disease (CHD) (p<0.001), cerebrovascular disease (CVD) (p<0.001), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (p=0.007). Mortality (p=0.003) was more prevalent among the diabetes group. Further analysis revealed that patients with diabetes who took acarbose had a lower mortality rate (p<0.01). Multivariable Cox regression showed that male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 2.59 [1.68-3.99]), hypertension (HR 1.75 [1.18-2.60]), CKD (HR 4.55 [2.52-8.20]), CVD (HR 2.35 [1.27-4.33]), and age were risk factors for the COVID-19 mortality. Higher HRs were noted in those aged ≥65 (HR 11.8 [4.6- 30.2]) versus 50-64 years (HR 5.86 [2.27-15.12]). The survival curve revealed that, compared with the diabetes only group, the mortality was increased in the diabetes with comorbidities group (p=0.009) but had was not significantly different from the noncomorbidity group (p=0.59).ConclusionPatients with diabetes had worse outcomes when suffering from COVID-19; however, the outcome was not associated with diabetes itself but with comorbidities. Furthermore, the administration of acarbose could reduce the risk of death in patients with diabetes.
Association between motor skills and a healthy diet: a cross-sectional study of first-grade schoolchildren in Japan
Authors: Hatta Naoko , Tada Yuki , Furusho Tadasu , Kato Misao , Kanehara Rieko , Hata Toshiki , Hida Azumi , Kawano Yukari 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Childhood motor skills are important not only for the physical and mental health of children, but also for the prevention of future lifestyle diseases. This study aimed to investigate how motor skills among first-grade children in Japan are associated with dietary and lifestyle habits, after adjustment for various confounding factors.Methods: First-grade children (aged 6-7 years) attending three public elementary schools in Tokyo, Japan (n=884), participated in this cross-sectional study. Homeroom teachers distributed self-administered questionnaires to parents and children. Questionnaires focused on lifestyle habits and required completion of a 1-day dietary record of meals that children ate at home. School lunch consumption was also assessed. Motor skills were measured by the New Physical Fitness Test (NPFT). Physique was calculated using Rohrer’s index formula: weight (kg) / height (cm) 3 × 107. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the association between NPFT score and determinant factors. We also examined the association between NPFT score and the amount of energy derived from a healthy diet versus snacks.Results: NPFT scores were significantly and positively correlated with involvement in exercise lessons (boys, β = 0.131, P = 0.006; girls, β = 0.121P = 0.012), total energy intake (boys, β = 0.096, P = 0.041; girls, β = 0.145, P = 0.003), and outside playtime in boys (β = 0.135), and negatively correlated with Rohrer’s index in girls (β = -0.097, P = 0.047). Moreover, the amount of energy derived from a healthy diet showed positive correlations with NPFT score (boys, β = 0.120, P = 0.011; girls, β = 0.137, P = 0.005).Conclusions: Children’s motor skills were associated with the Rohrer’s index, involvement in sports lessons, outside playtime, and total energy intake, particularly that derived from a healthy diet. These results suggest that a well-balanced diet including grains, vegetables, fish and meat, fruits, and milk, is important for improving children’s motor skills.
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Pancreas Disease in Children and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Hong Chuntian , Yan Yonghao , Chen Changdi , Li ShiLin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD) diagnosed by ultrasound in children and the related factors of NAFPD in children.
Methods

326 children (2–14 years old) were selected as the study subjects. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software 23.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results

A total of 41 cases (12.6%) of the 326 children had NAFPD. The two experimental groups showed statistically significant differences in age, height, WHtR, TC, LDL, ALT, AST and GGT (p < 0.05), among which age and height were negatively correlated with NAFPD. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that WHtR > 0.472(p = 0.007), TC > 5.3 mmol/L༈p < 0.001༉, LDL > 2.49 mmol/L༈p = 0.002༉and ALT > 23.8 U/L( p = 0.018) were independent risk factors for occurrence of NAFPD.
Conclusions
(1) The high incidence of NAFPD in children was worthy of attention; (2) WHtR was an independent risk factor for NAFPD; (3) WHtR might be an sensitive index which could early screen children MetS and used in epidemiological investigation; (4) NAFPD was closely related to obesity and metabolic syndrome, and ultrasound could be used as the preferred imaging diagnosis method for NAFPD.
Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors among ART user’s Women Attending Adama Town Public Health Facility, Central Ethiopia 2019
Authors: Goyomsa Girma Garedew , Teklehaymanot Aderajew Niguse , Arga Teklu , Deribe Leul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine prevalence and associated factors of intimate partner violence (IPV) among antiretro varial therapy (ART) user women visiting chronic care unit, Adama town public health facility, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1- April 1, 2019 among 396 ART user women. Validated WHO tools were used to measure IPVAW and systematic random sampling technique was used to select individuals. The collected data were entered, using Epi data 4.4.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics were used to compute summary statistics and proportion. Multivariable logistic-regression were used to identify predictors of IPV.Result: A total of 396 women participated in the study. The prevalence of current IPV was 32.3% and lifetime IPV was 45.5%. Having history of first coerced sexual intercourse [AOR =3.0 (1.73, 5.44)], partner engagement in multiple sexual relationships [AOR = 2.2 (1.21, 4.06)], justifing wife beating is normal when she refused to have sex with her husband [AOR = 2.3 (1.29, 4.12)], using contraceptive [AOR = 3.33 (1.67, 6.62)] and women whose partner were farmer [AOR = 3.9 (1.43, 10.79)] were found to be significant predictors of IPV among sero-positive womenConclusion: One in three women reported at least two or more forms of violence from their partner. Individual level factor (exposure to first coerced sex, partner’s occupation, contraceptive use and women’s acceptance of violence) and relationship factor (male multi-partnership) were identified as a predisposing factor. In view of this addressing risky behavior practiced among male partner and challenging women attitude toward violence was crucial in reducing violence.
The effectiveness of kinesio tape toward the ability of legs muscle’s power of amateur basketball players
Authors: Lesmana Gilang Imansyah , Nasrulloh Ahmad 
Published: November 2020

This study aims to find out the effectiveness of kinesio tape use toward legs muscle’s power of amateur basketball players. The method used in this research was quasi experiment method. The population of this research was all of the basketball players. The sample was eleven amateur basketball players that were not competing nationally. Purposive sampling was used as the technique of sample collection. The instruments of this study were test and measurement. The technique of data collection was using survey method. Legs muscle's power are measured by using vertical jump test. The measurement was done three times which were posttest, pre-test 1, and pre-test 2. The data were analyzed using paired t-test with 5% significance level. The measurement generates results that are; (1) there are significant effects from legs muscle’s power before using kinesio tape and after using kinesio tape with p-value (0.004) 0.005; (2) there are significant effects from legs muscle’s power before using kinesio tape and after 30 minutes of using it with p-value (0.000) 0.005. The average calculation shows that using kinesio tape after 30 minutes are more effective than while it is being used. The conclusion of this study is kinesio tape has significant effects toward legs muscle’s power of amateur basketball players. EFEKTIVITAS KINESIO TAPE TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN DAYA LEDAK OTOT TUNGKAI PEMAIN BASKET AMATIR AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan kinesio tape terhadap daya ledak otot tungkai pemain basket amatir.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh pemain basket. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 11 pemain basket amatir yang tidak berkompetisi nasional. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah tes dan pengukuran. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode survey. Pengukuran daya ledak otot tungkai menggunakan tes vertical jump. Pengukuran dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali yaitu post test, pre test 1, dan pre test 2. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan paired t-test dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Berdasakan pengukuran didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut, (1) tedapat efek yang signifikan dari daya ledak otot tungkai sebelum memakai kinesio tape dengan sesaat setelah memakai kinesio tape dengan nilai p (0.004) 0.005; (2) terdapat efek yang signifikan dari daya ledak otot tungkai sebelum memakai kinesio tape dengan setelah 30 menit memakai kinesio tape dengan nilai p (0.000) 0.005. Hasil rata-rata perhitungan memperlihatkan bahwa lebih efektif pemakaian kinesio tape setelah 30 menit dibanding ketika sesaat digunakan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kinesio tape mempunyai efek yang signifikan terhadap daya ledak otot tungkai pemain basket amatir.