bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophages integrating into prophages: a mechanism to accumulate type III secretion effector genes and duplicate Shiga toxin-encoding prophages inEscherichia coli
Authors: Nakamura Keiji , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Gotoh Yasuhiro , Hayashi Tetsuya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBacteriophages (or phages) play major roles in the evolution of bacterial pathogens via horizontal gene transfer. Multiple phages are often integrated in a host chromosome as prophages, not only carrying various novel virulence-related genetic determinants into host bacteria but also providing various possibilities for prophage-prophage interactions in bacterial cells. In particular,Escherichia colistrains such as Shiga toxin (Stx)-producingE. coli(STEC) and enteropathogenicE. coli(EPEC) strains have acquired more than 10 PPs (up to 21 PPs), many of which encode type III secretion system (T3SS) effector gene clusters. In these strains, some prophages are present at a single locus in tandem, which is usually interpreted as the integration of phages that use the same attachment (att) sequence. Here, we present prophages integrating into T3SS effector gene cluster-associated loci in prophages, which are widely distributed in STEC and EPEC. Some of the prophages integrated into prophages are Stx-encoding prophages and have induced the duplication of Stx-encoding phages in a single cell. The identifiedattsequences in prophage genomes are apparently derived from host chromosomes. In addition, two or three differentattsequences are present in some prophages, which results in the generation of prophage clusters in various complex configurations. These “prophages-in-prophages” represent a medically and biologically important type of inter-phage interaction that promotes the accumulation of T3SS effector genes in STEC and EPEC, the duplication of Stx-encoding prophages in STEC, and the conversion of EPEC to STEC and that may be distributed in other types ofE. colistrains as well as other prophage-rich bacterial species.Author summaryMultiple prophages are often integrated in a bacterial host chromosome and some are present at a single locus in tandem. The most striking examples are Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing and enteropathogenicEscherichia coli(STEC and EPEC) strains, which usually contain more than 10 prophages (up to 21). Many of them encode a cluster of type III secretion system (T3SS) effector genes, contributing the acquisition of a large number of effectors (>30) by STEC and EPEC. Here, we describe prophages integrating into T3SS effector gene cluster-associated loci in prophages, which are widely distributed in STEC and EPEC. Two or three different attachment sequences derived from host chromosomes are present in some prophages, generating prophage clusters in various complex configurations. Of note, some of such prophages-in-prophages are Stx-encoding prophages and have induced the duplication of Stx-encoding prophages. Thus, these “prophages-in-prophages” represent an important inter-phage interaction as they can promote not only the accumulation of T3SS effectors in STEC and EPEC but also the duplication of Stx-encoding prophages and the conversion of EPEC to STEC.
Identification, Isolation, Propagation and Inactivation of SARS-CoV2 Isolated from Egypt
Authors: Seadawy M.G , Gad A.F , Elhoseny M.F , ELharty B.El , Shamel M.D 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 causes the novel pandemic Pneumonia disease. It is a positive single strand ssRNA virus that infect human. COVID-19 appeared in Egypt in Feb 2020. The samples were taken from patients with COVID-19 symptoms at military hospital in Egypt and transported to the main chemical laboratories under all the biosafety measures according to WHO guidelines. All samples were tested with RT-PCR. Positive samples were cultured using VeroE6 cell lines. The propagated virus was isolated and inactivated. The isolated virus was sequenced using next generation sequencing and submitted into gene bank. This study provides an isolation, propagation and inactivation methodology which is valuable for production of inactivated vaccines against SARS-CoV2 in Egypt.
Canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling regulate fibrous tissue differentiation in the axial skeleton
Authors: Clayton Sade W. , Ban Ga I , Liu Cunren , Serra Rosa 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTPreviously, we showed that embryonic deletion of TGF-β type 2 receptor in mouse sclerotome resulted in defects in fibrous connective tissues in the spine. Here we investigated how TGF-β regulates expression of fibrous markers: Scleraxis, Fibromodulin and Adamtsl2. We showed that TGF-β stimulated expression of Scleraxis mRNA by two hours and Fibromodulin and Adamtsl2 mRNAs by eight hours of treatment. Regulation of Scleraxis by TGF-β did not require new protein synthesis; however, protein synthesis was required for expression of Fibromodulin and Adamtsl2 indicating the necessity of an intermediate. We subsequently showed Scleraxis was a potential intermediate for TGF-β-regulated expression of Fibromodulin and Adamtsl2. The canonical effector Smad3 was not necessary for TGF-β-mediated regulation of Scleraxis. Smad3 was necessary for regulation of Fibromodulin and Adamtsl2, but not sufficient to super-induce expression with TGF-β treatment. Next, the role of several noncanonical TGF-β pathways were tested. We found that ERK1/2 was activated by TGF-β and required to regulate expression of Scleraxis, Fibromodulin, and Adamtsl2. Based on these results, we propose a model in which TGF-β regulates Scleraxis via ERK1/2 and then Scleraxis and Smad3 cooperate to regulate Fibromodulin and Adamtsl2. These results define a novel signaling mechanism for TGFβ-mediated fibrous differentiation in sclerotome.
Comparative molecular and immunoregulatory analysis of extracellular vesicles fromCandida albicansandCandida auris
Authors: Zamith-Miranda Daniel , Heyman Heino M. , Couvillion Sneha P. , Cordero Radames J. B. , Rodrigues Macio L. , Nimrichter Leonardo , Casadevall Arturo , Amatuzzi Rafaela F. , Alves Lysangela R. , Nakayasu Ernesto S. , Nosanchuk Joshua D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCandida aurisis a recently described multidrug-resistant pathogenic fungus that is increasingly responsible for healthcare associated outbreaks across the world. Bloodstream infections of this fungus cause death in up to 70% of the cases. Aggravating this scenario,C. auris’disease-promoting mechanisms are poorly understood. Fungi release extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying a broad range of molecules including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, pigments, and RNA, many of which are virulence factors. Here, we carried out a comparative molecular characterization ofC. aurisandC. albicansEVs and evaluated their capacity to modulate effector mechanisms of host immune defense. Using proteomics, lipidomics, and transcriptomics, we found thatC. aurisreleased EVs with payloads that were strikingly different from EVs released byC. albicans. EVs released byC. aurispotentiated the adhesion of this yeast to an epithelial cell monolayer.C. aurisEVs also induced the expression of surface activation markers and cytokines by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Altogether, our findings show distinct profiles and properties of EVs released byC. aurisand byC. albicans,and highlight the potential contribution ofC. aurisEVs to the pathogenesis of this emerging pathogen.
Aurora-A phosphorylates splicing factors and regulates alternative splicing
Authors: Damodaran Arun Prasath , Gavard Olivia , Gagné Jean-Philippe , Rogalska Malgorzata Ewa , Mancini Estefania , Courtheoux Thibault , Cailloce Justine , Mereau Agnès , Poirier Guy G. , Valcárcel Juan , Watrin Erwan , Prigent Claude 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTAurora-A kinase is well known to regulate progression through mitosis. However, the kinase also performs additional functions that could explain the failure of its inhibitors to be effective in cancer treatments. To identify these functions, we applied a proteomics approach to search for interactors of Aurora-A. We found a large number of proteins involved in pre-mRNA splicing, strongly suggesting an important role for Aurora-A in this biological process. Consistently, we first report the subcellular localization of Aurora-A in nuclear speckles, the storehouse of splicing proteins. We also demonstrate direct interaction of Aurora-A with RRM domain-containing splicing factors such as hnRNP and SR proteins and their phosphorylationin vitro. Further, RNA-sequencing analysis following pharmacological inhibition of Aurora-A resulted in alternative splicing changes corresponding to 505 genes, including genes with functions regulated by Aurora-A kinase. Finally, we report enrichment of RNA motifs within the alternatively spliced regions affected by Aurora-A kinase inhibition which are bound by Aurora-A interacting splicing factors, suggesting that Aurora-A regulates alternative splicing by modulating the activity of these interacting splicing factors. Overall our work identified Aurora-A as a novel splicing kinase and for the first time, describes a broad role of Aurora-A in regulating alternative splicing.
WNT responsive SUMOylation of ZIC5 exerts multiple effects on transcription to promote murine neural crest cell development
Authors: Ali Radiya G. , Bellchambers Helen M. , Warr Nicholas , Ahmed Jehangir N. , Barratt Kristen S. , Neill Kieran , Diamand Koula E. M. , Arkell Ruth M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractZinc finger of the cerebellum (Zic) proteins act as classical transcription factors to promote transcription of theFoxd3gene during neural crest cell specification. Additionally, they can act as co-factors that bind TCF molecules to repress WNT/β-catenin dependent transcription without contacting DNA. Here, we show ZIC activity at the neural plate border is influenced by WNT-dependent SUMOylation. In a high WNT environment, a lysine within the highly conserved ZF-NC domain of ZIC5 is SUMOylated, which decreases formation of the TCF/ZIC co-repressor complex and shifts the balance towards transcription factor function. The modification is criticalin vivo, as a ZIC5 SUMO-incompetent mouse strain exhibits neural crest specification defects. This work reveals the function of the ZIC ZF-NC domain, providesin vivovalidation of target protein SUMOylation, and demonstrates that WNT/β-catenin signalling directs transcription at non-TCF DNA binding sites. Furthermore, it can explain how WNT signals convert a broad domain ofZicectodermal expression into a restricted domain of neural crest cell specification.
GAK and PRKCD are positive regulators of PRKN-independent mitophagy
Authors: Munson Michael J. , Mathai Benan J. , Trachsel Laura , Ng Matthew Yoke Wui , de la Ballina Laura Rodriguez , Schultz Sebastian W. , Aman Yahyah , Lystad Alf H. , Singh Sakshi , Singh Sachin , Wesche Jørgen , Fang Evandro F. , Simonsen Anne 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe mechanisms involved in programmed or damage-induced removal of mitochondria by mitophagy in response to different stimuli remains elusive. Here, we have screened for regulators of PRKN-independent mitophagy using an siRNA library targeting 197 proteins containing lipid interacting domains. We identify Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) and Protein Kinase C Delta (PRKCD) as novel regulators of PRKN-independent mitophagy, with both being dispensable for PRKN-dependent mitophagy and starvation-induced autophagy. We demonstrate that the kinase activity of both GAK and PRKCD are required for efficient mitophagyin vitro, that PRKCD is present on mitochondria, and that PRKCD is required for ULK1/ATG13 recruitment to early autophagic structures. Importantly, we demonstratein vivorelevance for both kinases in the regulation of basal mitophagy. Knockdown of GAK homologue (gakh-1) inC.elegansor PRKCD homologues in zebrafish led to significant inhibition of basal mitophagy, highlighting the evolutionary relevance of these kinases in mitophagy.
Turnover intent of new workers: social exchange perspectives
Authors: Jabutay Felicito Angeles , Rungruang Parisa 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the impact of task interdependence and leader–member exchange, as social exchange variables, on affective commitment and turnover intent of new workers in an industry with high attrition rates. In addition, the paper examines the mediating effects of affective commitment.Design/methodology/approachThe present study drew insights from the literature to formulate hypotheses that link the two social exchange variables on affective commitment and turnover intent. Through the utilization of the data collected from 441 call center agents working for eight call centers in the Philippines, the hypotheses were tested and analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results reveal that task interdependence and leader–member exchange are positive antecedents of affective commitment and negative predictors of turnover intent. Further analysis reveals that affective commitment fully mediates the effects of the two social exchange variables on turnover intent.Practical implicationsThe results imply that call centers can help improve new workers' affective commitment and reduce their turnover intent through job designs that can facilitate high task interdependence. Furthermore, training team leaders or supervisors to develop leadership styles that are more focused on people and relationships may also increase the agents' commitment and reduce their quit intention.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to demonstrate that social exchange variables can also impact the affective commitment and turnover intent of new workers in an industry known to have heavy supervisorial monitoring, high demands in terms of work quotas and high turnover rates.
Tracing objects of a lost room in suburbia
Authors: Kacmaz Erk Gul , Balcioglu Tevfik 
Published: November 2020

PurposeBringing product design and architectural design together, this article looks into the extraordinary use of everyday objects in urban and suburban spaces in The Lost Room mini-television series (2006). The study questions the accepted meanings of products and spaces in relation to their physicality, perception and use. Through multi-layered analysis of the relationship between objects, (architectural and suburban/urban) spaces and their users, the article opens up a discussion about the purpose, meaning and influence of designed products and places.Design/methodology/approachIn this context, this qualitative research makes use of moving images (as representations of products and spaces) to propose a critique of contemporary design via (sub-)urban design practices.FindingsUsing irony and metaphor to question the habit of object possession, accumulation and fetishism, the series challenges blind loyalty to contemporary beliefs. The Lost Room is not concerned with new forms or new designs. Instead, it forces the audience to consider the meaning of both objects and spaces in relation to one another. By transforming our understanding of space, the series also reveals humans' spatial limitations. The Lost Room is a unique small screen “product” in which people's relationship to the designed world is interrogated by having mass-produced objects and the built environment constantly in the foreground.Originality/valueFilm analysis from a design perspective is not new; however, this is the first time The Lost Room is brought to the attention of architects and designers via scholarly work. Film theorists and cinemagoers may also benefit from the unique design perspective outlined in the article.
Consumers in local food markets: from adoption to market co-creation?
Authors: Bentsen Kristin , Pedersen Per Egil 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the consumer adoption literature on local food. This study discusses the applicability of traditional models of adoption and diffusion to understand new phenomena such as the development of local food networks.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review of the literature on the adoption and diffusion of local food systems was conducted.FindingsA total of three main challenges within the literature on the adoption and diffusion of local food are identified: the lack of a clear definition of what constitutes local food, divergent market assumptions and divergent consumer assumptions. In addition, this study points to the need for new perspectives on consumer adoption and diffusion of local food practices.Originality/valueThis paper provides an overview of current local food research streams and contributes to the literature on consumer adoption and diffusion of local food consumption.
Content analysis of food safety implications in online flour-handling recipes
Authors: Barrett Tressie , Feng Yaohua 
Published: November 2020

PurposeNumerous food recalls and outbreaks were associated with wheat flour in recent years. Few consumers are cognizant of food safety risks associated with raw flour. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the food safety information and flour-handling behaviors presented in popular food blog recipes and in YouTube videos using cookie, cookie dough and egg noodle recipes as examples.Design/methodology/approachEighty-five blog recipes and 146 videos were evaluated. Blog author and video host food-handling experience was classified as professional or nonprofessional. Food safety information and food-handling behaviors were evaluated for adherence to government and scientific recommendations.FindingsBlog authors and video hosts demonstrated higher awareness of food safety risks associated with raw eggs compared to raw flour, which only translated into better adherence with recommended food-handling behaviors during ingredient addition steps. Cross-contamination from adding raw flour to the product was observed in 25% of videos, whereas cross-contamination from hosts adding raw shell eggs was observed 3% of videos. Blog authors and video hosts did not recommend or demonstrate handwashing after handling raw shell eggs nor raw flour, and fewer than 5% provided recommendations for cleaning work surfaces. Heat treatment methods to convert raw flour into ready-to-eat products were mentioned by 24% of blog authors and 18% of video hosts; however, the recommendations were not scientifically validated.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates the need to develop educational interventions that increase blog authors' and video hosts' awareness of risks associated with raw flour and that translate this knowledge into practiced behaviors.
Entrepreneurial leadership and employee innovative behavior: an examination through multiple theoretical lenses
Authors: Iqbal Amjad , Nazir Tahira , Ahmad Muhammad Shakil 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and employee innovative behavior and examine mediating role of affective commitment, creative self-efficacy and psychological safety in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachUsing cross-sectional research design, data were collected from 343 employees of information technology (IT) service firms in Pakistan. Partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was applied to test the proposed research model.FindingsThe findings reveal that entrepreneurial leadership is strongly and positively related to employee innovative behavior. Moreover, affective commitment, creative self-efficacy and psychological safety simultaneously mediate this relationship.Practical implicationsThis study uncovers the important role of entrepreneurial leadership in driving employee innovative behavior in high-tech services industry. Findings of this study suggest that by practicing entrepreneurial behaviors, managers can enhance employees' affective commitment, creative self-efficacy and psychological safety, which invoke employees to demonstrate innovative behavior leading toward improved innovation performance at organizational level.Originality/valueThis research makes novel contribution to entrepreneurial leadership theory by using competing theoretical perspectives and subsequently providing more nuanced picture of the contrasting mechanisms that transmit the impact of entrepreneurial leadership on employee innovative behavior.
Outcomes of talent management: the role of perceived equity
Authors: Malik Amina R. , Singh Parbudyal 
Published: November 2020

PurposeTo date, the effects of two approaches – inclusive and exclusive – to talent management (TM) on employee outcomes are largely unexplored. This paper explores the role of perceived equity and theoretically examines the process through which these TM programs impact employee outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on the job demands-resources model and equity theory and proposes a typology of employee outcomes in the context of different approaches to TM.FindingsBased on the theoretical framework, the paper argues that in the context of both inclusive and exclusive TM, perceived equity is a valuable resource that motivates employees and results in favourable outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsFuture empirical studies should test the propositions put forth in this paper. The multilevel research design would allow for an in-depth analysis of organisational contexts, and qualitative studies using in-depth interviews can provide greater insights into employees' experiences and perspectives of TM programs.Practical implicationsThe paper presents implications for managers and human resource (HR) and TM professionals regarding how to get the most out of their TM programs. These implications are important since employee equity perceptions can influence the effectiveness of TM programs.Originality/valueIn this paper, the authors add to the literature by examining the role of employee equity perceptions in the context of inclusive and exclusive TM and to highlight how perceived (in)equity could lead to negative consequences, even among high potential (HiPo) employees.