bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower soil moisture and deep soil temperatures in thermokarst features increase old soil carbon loss after 10 years of experimental permafrost warming
Authors: Pegoraro Elaine F. , Mauritz Marguerite E. , Ogle Kiona , Ebert Christopher H. , Schuur Edward A. G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlmost half of the global terrestrial soil carbon (C) is stored in the northern circumpolar permafrost region, where air temperatures are increasing two times faster than the global average. As climate warms, permafrost thaws and soil organic matter becomes vulnerable to greater microbial decomposition. Long‐term soil warming of ice‐rich permafrost can result in thermokarst formation that creates variability in environmental conditions. Consequently, plant and microbial proportional contributions to ecosystem respiration may change in response to long‐term soil warming. Natural abundance δ13C and Δ14C of aboveground and belowground plant material, and of young and old soil respiration were used to inform a mixing model to partition the contribution of each source to ecosystem respiration fluxes. We employed a hierarchical Bayesian approach that incorporated gross primary productivity and environmental drivers to constrain source contributions. We found that long‐term experimental permafrost warming introduced a soil hydrology component that interacted with temperature to affect old soil C respiration. Old soil C loss was suppressed in plots with warmer deep soil temperatures because they tended to be wetter. When soil volumetric water content significantly decreased in 2018 relative to 2016 and 2017, the dominant respiration sources shifted from plant aboveground and young soil respiration to old soil respiration. The proportion of ecosystem respiration from old soil C accounted for up to 39% of ecosystem respiration and represented a 30‐fold increase compared to the wet‐year average. Our findings show that thermokarst formation may act to moderate microbial decomposition of old soil C when soil is highly saturated. However, when soil moisture decreases, a higher proportion of old soil C is vulnerable to decomposition and can become a large flux to the atmosphere. As permafrost systems continue to change with climate, we must understand the thresholds that may propel these systems from a C sink to a source.
Effects of rhizosphere soil nitrification on the compensatory growth of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) based on root‐produced cytokinin
Authors: Guo Ya‐Dan , Wang Xiao‐Ling , Qi Lin , Shi Jiang , Liu Yu‐Hua , Li Xue‐Lin , Zhang Li‐Xia , Qin De‐Hua , Song Peng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCompensatory growth of forage grass can determine its optimal biomass, which is beneficial for increasing its production. The effect of rhizosphere soil nitrification on Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) regrowth was investigated on the basis of root‐produced cytokinin concentration in leaves to reveal the forage grass compensatory growth mechanism. The nitrification inhibitor 3,4‐dimethylpyrazole phosphate was added to inhibit soil nitrification. Without soil nitrification being inhibited, compared with no clipping one defoliation cycle increased the leaf photosynthetic rate by 43.82%–53.79%, increased the leaf cytokinin content by 33.48%–34.73%, and increased the cytokinin transport from roots to leaves by 28.88%–39.47%. Nitrification inhibitor decreased soil nitrification rates by 23.33%–84.17% in the rhizosphere and by 42.71%–68.29% in the bulk soil during regrowth. In the rhizosphere micro‐environment, nitrification increased soil nitrate concentration that played an important role in the transport of cytokinin from roots to leaves during regrowth, increasing the leaf cytokinin concentration. However, bulk soil nitrification rate and nitrate content had little influence on leaf cytokinin concentration during regrowth. An increase in leaf cytokinin improved the photosynthesis and the regrowth. Without soil nitrification being inhibited, total biomass at the end of regrowth period was 1.09 times higher in plants that were defoliated once than in non‐clipped plants. However, soil nitrification inhibitor and two defoliation cycles decreased Italian ryegrass regrowth. Super compensatory growth occurred in the one defoliation cycle Italian ryegrasses without adding soil nitrification inhibitor. Compensatory growth occurred in once‐defoliated Italian ryegrass with adding soil nitrification inhibitor and in twice‐defoliated Italian ryegrass without adding soil nitrification inhibitor. In conclusion, rhizosphere soil nitrification is the key factor that regulates the compensatory growth of Italian ryegrass.
Migration, service work, and masculinity in the global South: Private security guards in post‐socialist China
Authors: Choi Susanne Y. P. , Li Siran 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPast research on service work and masculinity has focused on men in traditionally feminized occupations or men in celebrated male‐dominated occupations in the global North, thus neglecting the experiences of men in low status, male‐dominated, and supposedly “masculine” service occupations in the global South. This article attempts to fill the gap by illustrating the problematic connections between work and masculinity among rural‐to‐urban male migrant workers in low paid private security guarding in South China. It examines how macrostructural forces of labor precarization, growing class inequalities, and the emergence of a discourse of consumer supremacy in post‐socialist China has rendered the instrumental, symbolic, and social connections between work and masculinity problematic for this group of workers. It also describes five different strategies employed by these workers to achieve a sense of manhood: practicing combative masculinity; practicing toxic masculinity; constructing a discourse of professionalism; emphasizing their fulfillment of familial responsibility; and espousing an entrepreneurial aspiration.
Effect of forest disturbance on ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) diversity in a Mexican tropical dry forest canopy
Authors: Hernández‐Flores Jaime , Flores‐Palacios Alejandro , Vásquez‐Bolaños Miguel , Toledo‐Hernández Víctor Hugo , Sotelo‐Caro Ofelia , Ramos‐Robles Michelle 
Published: December 2020

Abstract1. Ants are the dominant insects in tropical forest canopies. The α and β diversities of ants change in response to forest disturbance. Understanding the response of ants to forest disturbance will help to guide ant conservation and forest management plans, especially in endangered ecosystems such as the tropical dry forest. 2. We analysed ant α and β diversities in 15 fragments (5 mature, 5 disturbed, and 5 secondary) of a tropical dry forest in central Mexico. We identified and measured all of the trees in two transects (10 × 50 m) established within each fragment. Pit‐fall traps were used to sample ants in all of the trees. 3. We identified 52 ant species (from a total of 11,524 individuals). The mature forest presented the greatest quantity of exclusive species and the highest α diversity. Ant composition differed among the mature forest but not between disturbed and secondary forest, and was related to tree size and richness. The β diversity was lower in the disturbed forest, reflecting the cost of biotic homogenization (15%). Among the β diversity components in all three forest types, this diversity was mainly influenced by turnover, while nestedness diminished in the disturbed forest. 4. In the tropical dry forest studied, anthropogenic disturbance homogenises the ant community, probably because the availability of resources is also homogenised, decreasing the α diversities of the canopy ants. Our results show the importance of the conservation of mature forests in terms of maintaining the diversity of canopy ants.
A New Politics? Symposium on Dauvergne’s The New Politics and the End of Settler Societies
Authors: Paquet Mireille 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis Special Issue presents articles that empirically and theoretically explores the central arguments of Catherine Dauvergne's 2016 book The New Politics and the End of Settler Societies. This multidisciplinary issue comprises five research articles and a closing commentary from Catherine Dauvergne, exploring migration‐related events that have taken place since 2015. As a whole, these articles demonstrate the relevance of The New Politics and the End of Settler Societies to future comparative studies of immigration politics and policies. Contributions to this Special Issue also confirm policy trends and convergence, as argued by Dauvergne. More broadly, the selected articles illustrate the analytical and political challenges associated with imagining research and policies outside of the paradigm of settler societies.
The development of gaze following in monolingual and bilingual infants: A multi‐laboratory study
Authors: Byers‐Heinlein Krista , Tsui Rachel Ka‐Ying , van Renswoude Daan , Black Alexis K. , Barr Rachel , Brown Anna , Colomer Marc , Durrant Samantha , Gampe Anja , Gonzalez‐Gomez Nayeli , Hay Jessica F. , Hernik Mikołaj , Jartó Marianna , Kovács Ágnes Melinda , Laoun‐Rubenstein Alexandra , Lew‐Williams Casey , Liszkowski Ulf , Liu Liquan , Noble Claire , Potter Christine E. , Rocha‐Hidalgo Joscelin , Sebastian‐Galles Nuria , Soderstrom Melanie , Visser Ingmar , Waddell Connor , Wermelinger Stephanie , Singh Leher 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDetermining the meanings of words requires language learners to attend to what other people say. However, it behooves a young language learner to simultaneously encode relevant non‐verbal cues, for example, by following the direction of their eye gaze. Sensitivity to cues such as eye gaze might be particularly important for bilingual infants, as they encounter less consistency between words and objects than monolingual infants, and do not always have access to the same word‐learning heuristics (e.g., mutual exclusivity). In a preregistered study, we tested the hypothesis that bilingual experience would lead to a more pronounced ability to follow another's gaze. We used a gaze‐following paradigm developed by Senju and Csibra (Current Biology, 18, 2008, 668) to test a total of 93 6‐ to 9‐month‐old and 229 12‐ to 15‐month‐old monolingual and bilingual infants, in 11 laboratories located in 8 countries. Monolingual and bilingual infants showed similar gaze‐following abilities, and both groups showed age‐related improvements in speed, accuracy, frequency, and duration of fixations to congruent objects. Unexpectedly, bilinguals tended to make more frequent fixations to on‐screen objects, whether or not they were cued by the actor. These results suggest that gaze sensitivity is a fundamental aspect of development that is robust to variation in language exposure.
Effects of customer horizontal merger on supplier capital structure decisions
Authors: Oliveira Mauro , Kadapakkam Palani‐Rajan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study the impact of a significant customer's merger on the capital structure of suppliers using a sample of U.S. firms that merged with rivals in the same industry. The bargaining power theory of capital structure predicts that suppliers will increase debt to decrease the surplus available for negotiation when facing customers that gain buying power by increasing their size through mergers. We find that suppliers increase their financial leverage after the effective date of their customer's merger. This increase is economically significant, permanent, and unrelated to supplier merger activity. We also find that greater concentration in the supplier's industry and higher supplier market power are associated with lower increases in supplier's leverage. Overall, the empirical evidence is consistent with suppliers increasing their financial leverage to fortify their bargaining power.
Attitudes towards advanced nursing roles in primary dementia care – Results of an observational study in Germany
Authors: Michalowsky Bernhard , Henning Esther , Rädke Anika , Dreier‐Wolfgramm Adina , Altiner Attila , Wollny Anja , Drewelow Eva , Kohlmann Thomas , Biedenweg Bianca , Buchholz Maresa , Oppermann Roman F. , Zorn Daniela , Hoffmann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo demonstrate the attitudes of general practitioners (GPs), nurses, persons with dementia, and caregiver towards suitable tasks and qualification needs for and the acceptance and impact of advanced nursing roles in German dementia primary care.DesignObservational study using a questionnaire survey with 225 GPs, 232 nurses, 211 persons with dementia, and 197 caregivers, conducted between December 2017–August 2018.MethodsA questionnaire was generated that includes specific assessment, prescription, and monitoring tasks of advanced nursing roles in dementia primary care as well as qualification requirements for and the acceptance and the impact of advanced nursing roles. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Group differences were assessed using the Fisher's exact test.ResultsAdvanced nursing roles were highly appreciated across all groups. Assessment and monitoring tasks were rated as highly suitable, and prescription authorities as moderately suitable. Nurses felt less confident in assessment and monitoring, but more confident in prescribing as practitioners expected. Patients and caregivers would appreciate a takeover of tasks by nurses; nurses and practitioners preferred a delegation. A dementia‐specific qualification was rated as best suitable for advanced nursing roles, followed by ‘no specific qualification’ if medical tasks that only can be carried out by practitioners were delegated and an academic degree if tasks were substituted. Advanced nursing roles were rated as beneficial, strengthening the confidence in nursing care and improving the cooperation between professionals and the treatment. Practitioners assumed that advanced nursing roles would improve job satisfaction of nurses, which was not confirmed by nurses.ConclusionThere is an extended consensus towards the enlargement of advanced nursing roles, represented by high endorsement, acceptance, and willingness to reorganize tasks.ImpactResults debunk the common notion that German practitioners would be reluctant towards advanced nursing roles and a takeover of current practitioner tasks, supporting the implementation of advanced nursing roles in Germany.
The stages‐of‐change approach for prosocial behavior: Message tailoring to encourage blood donation
Authors: Hong Ji Mi , Lee Wei‐Na 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis research applied the Trans‐Theoretical Model and the Construal Level Theory to framing messages for blood donation. People can be at different degrees of readiness for blood donation and are, therefore, dispersed into discrete stages of change. These stages of change correspond to varying psychological distances that define the extent to which a person's thinking on the suggested behavior is abstract (high construal level) or concrete (low construal level). Differences in psychological distance thus affect whether individuals focus on how easy it is to donate blood (feasibility) or on why it is important to donate blood (desirability) in the ad message. This research conducted two studies using a 2 (types of message: feasibility vs. desirability—manipulated) × 3 (stages of change: pre‐contemplation vs. contemplation/preparation vs. action/maintenance—measured) between‐subject, randomly assigned factorial design experiment. The results of both studies showed that for individuals in the pre‐contemplation stage, desirability, rather than feasibility, messages were more likely to produce favorable attitudes toward the ad, its sponsoring organization, and blood donation behavior itself, whereas the opposite was true for those in the action/maintenance stage. Those differences were weakened or not observed for those in the contemplation/preparation stage. These patterns of interaction were not replicated for behavioral intention. Collectively, these findings suggest that tailoring a message according to the intended audience's stage of change should promote positive attitudes for blood donation. Meanwhile, future research is needed to bridge the attitude‐behavior gap when it comes to blood donation.
Catheter ablation of premature ventricular contractions originating from periprosthetic aortic valve regions
Authors: Han Jie , Lee Justin Z. , Padmanabhan Deepak , Naksuk Niyada , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Munger Thomas M. , Killu Ammar M. , Madhavan Malini , Xiao PeiLin , Zheng Liang‐Rong , Cha Yong‐Mei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the ablation outcomes of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) that originate from the periprosthetic aortic valve (PPAV) regions of patients with aortic valve replacement (AVR).Methods and ResultsOur study had 11 patients who underwent catheter ablation for PVCs arising from the PPAV regions (bioprosthetic aortic valve, n = 5; mechanical aortic valve, n = 6). The PVC characteristics, procedure characteristics, and efficacy of ablation were compared with the control group (n = 33). At baseline, the PPAV group had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (mean [SD], 41% [12%] vs. 51% [8%]; p = .002). The rate of acute ablation success was 90.9% in the PPAV group. Ablation sites were identified above the left coronary cusp (LCC) and right coronary cusp commissure (LRCC) in one PVC, below the prosthetic valve in eight PVCs (four below LCC and four below LRCC), and within the distal coronary sinus in two PVCs. The mean procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and radiation in the PPAV group were all significantly greater than those in the control group (all p < .05). However, the number of radiofrequency ablation energy deliveries was not different. The PPAV group had a long‐term success rate compared with the control group (72.7% vs. 87.9%, p = .48) and an increase of left ventricular ejection fraction from 43% to 49% after successful PVC ablation at follow‐up (p < .001). Echocardiography showed no significant change in valve regurgitation after ablation. No new atrioventricular block occurred.ConclusionPVCs arising from PPAV regions can be successfully ablated in patients with prior AVR, without damaging the prosthetic aortic valve and atrioventricular conduction.
Anti‐tumour effects of a dual cancer‐specific oncolytic adenovirus on Breast Cancer Stem cells
Authors: Li Wenjie , Li Yiquan , Cui Yingli , Li Shanzhi , Zhu Yilong , Shang Chao , Song Gaojie , Liu Zirui , Xiu Zhiru , Cong Jianan , Li Tingyu , Li Xiao , Sun Lili , Jin Ningyi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractApoptin can specifically kill cancer cells but has no toxicity to normal cells. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) can act as a tumour‐specific promoter by triggering the expression of certain genes in tumour cells. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects and to explore the inhibitory pathway of a dual cancer‐specific recombinant adenovirus (Ad‐apoptin‐hTERTp‐E1a, Ad‐VT) on breast cancer stem cells. Breast cancer cell spheres were obtained from MCF‐7 cells through serum‐free suspension culture. The cell spheres were detected by flow cytometry for CD44+ CD24− cell subsets. The stemness of MCF‐7‐CSC cells was confirmed by in vivo tumorigenesis experiments. The inhibitory effect of the recombinant adenoviruses on MCF‐7‐CSC cells was evaluated by CCK‐8 assay. In addition, the stemness of adenovirus‐infected MCF‐7‐CSC cells was analysed by testing the presence of CD44+ CD24− cell subsets. The ability of the recombinant adenovirus to induce MCF‐7‐CSC cell apoptosis was detected by staining JC‐1, TMRM and Annexin V. Our results showed that a significantly higher proportion of the CD44+ CD24− cell subsets was present in MCF‐7‐CSC cells with a significantly increased expression of stem cell marker proteins. The MCF‐7‐CSC cells, whlist exhibited a strong tumorigenic ability with a certain degree of stemness in mice, were shown to be strongly inhibited by recombinant adenovirus Ad‐VT through cell apoptosis. In addition, Ad‐VT was shown to exert a killing effect on BCSCs. These results provide a new theoretical basis for the future treatment of breast cancer.
Comparing the scale of modelled and recorded current flood risk: Results from England
Authors: Penning‐Rowsell Edmund C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs the Sendai framework recognises, understanding the nature and severity of risk is an important prerequisite to sensible risk reducing measures. The UK has been in the forefront of assessing the scale of flood risk at a national level to inform investment and policy directions but the scale of this risk, as modelled, has reduced since 2014. This paper compares the most recent modelled version of national flood risk, in the form of the Environment Agency's State of the Nation report, with loss figures quantified in terms of insurance claims data for the period 1998 to 2018. Depending on assumptions, the results show that the modelled results are between 2.06 and over 9.0 times the comparable flood losses measured in terms of the compensation paid to flood victims by insurance companies. The reasons for these differences remain unclear but several possibilities are reviewed. Many of these reasons appear implausible, but the divergence between the two sets of results should encourage the users of this data to consider carefully their assessments of the true scale of flood risk that the country faces, and perhaps promote similar comparisons in other countries.
Composite coatings based on konjac glucomannan and sodium alginate modified with allicin and in situ SiOx for ginger rhizomes preservation
Authors: Li Qiuying , Xu Jinxiu , Wang Jianyuan , Ge Yonghong , Li Jianrong , Sun Tong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGinger is a condiment vegetable and widely cultivated in many countries for its important role as spice and medicinal herb in international trade. However, the quality of fresh ginger will reduce after harvest and during storage. In the present study, edible coatings were developed based on konjac glucomannan (KGM) and sodium alginate (SA), incorporating with allicin and in situ SiOx. The coatings were characterized, and the effects of the coatings on the quality of ginger were evaluated. The results demonstrate that the addition of allicin improve the compatibility of KGM and SA in film, and the addition of allicin and in situ SiOx promote more hydrogen bond formation in the film. The physicochemical properties of KGM/SA film are improved due to modification, and allicin coating is optimal for mechanical properties, while allicin‐SiOx film is optimal both for mechanical properties and gas barrier. The KGM/SA coatings especially KGM/SA‐allicin‐SiOx significantly inhibited the total phenol, flavonoid, total soluble sugars content, enzyme activities such as peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and cellulase of gingers during storage. In addition, KGM/SA coatings effectively preserved the ascorbic acid (AsA), and titratable acidity (TA). Over all, KGA/SA coatings, especially with allicin and in situ SiOx, exhibited more significant and positive effects on quality of gingers during storage. Therefore, the KGM/SA coatings are promising in gingers preservation.