bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential of adaptivity of sugar beet sterility maintainers to regulated abiotic factors
Authors: Kornieieva M. O. , Vakulenko P. I. , Andrieieva L. S. , Tymchychyn S. M. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. To determine the expression of the adaptive ability of sterility maintainers of sugar beet under different combination of abiotic factors. Methods. Testing breeding materials against agricultural backgrounds with different combinations of controlled abiotic factors: Normal and Large Growing Space; Normal and Rich Mineral Nutrition Background. Results. Genotypes had a specific interaction with a specific background. The range of variation of the effects of the general adaptive ability of the lines on the yield was -2.9 ... + 3.4 and sugar content -0.6…+0.6. With the increased background of mineral fertilizers and different areas of nutrition, respectively, 11 and 9 sources of valuable genes were selected. The elevated mineral fertilizer background over the usual feeding area was the background that distinguished specific combinations with high SAA effects: Ot1/Ot4 (+2.5), Ot3/Ot4 (+0.9), Ot4/Ot2 (+0.9) and Ot6/Ot5 (0.8). In the extended area, the lines Ot1 and Ot2 combined well with the line Ot 4 (respectively +1.1 and +0.9). Conclusions. O-type lines are characterized by a specific response to the controlled abiotic factors. O-type 4 and O-type 6 lines can be attributed to intensive type. Stable on both grounds include the Ot3 line. For the collection of sugar on the ordinary background of mineral fertilizers GAA were preferred lines Ot6 and Ot4, and on the higher - respectively lines Ot6, Ot3 and Ot4. High differential ability of selective with backgrounds with regulated abiotic factors has been established.
Keywords: sterility maintainers, yield, sugar content, general and specific adaptive ability, the coefficient of plasticity.
Folate cycle genome and change in the homocysteine level in children after forest fires in the Chernobyl exclusion zone
Authors: Bandazhevsky Yu. I. , Dubovaya N. F. 
Published: November 2020

Fires that often occur in the forests of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone are one of the most powerful sources of secondary air contamination with combustion products and various radionuclides that have a negative effect on the health of children and adults. Aim. Aim was to explore the relationship between forest fires and the change in blood homocysteine levels in children living in Polessky district of Ukraine bordering the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Methods. Immunochemical, mathematical and statistical. Results. Increased blood levels of homocysteine, irrespective of the state of genome of folate cicle, were found in more than 70.0 % of cases in the group of children living near the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone during the period from 02/04/2015 to 18/12/2015. Given the forest fires with an area of 10.127 ha and 130 ha officially registered in the Chernobyl exclusion zone in the spring and summer of 2015, it can reasonably be argued that the increase in the level of homocysteine in the blood of children living in the border region associatared with wood burning particles, including black carbon and radioactive elements, that enter the body with air and food. Conclusions. Forest fires in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone are the cause of abnormal methionine metabolism and an increase in blood homocysteine levels in children from the adjacent districts.
Keywords: homocysteine, folate metabolism, genetic polymorphisms, association, forest fires, Chernobyl Exclusion Zone.
Influence of taurine on phenotype expression of muscular dystrophy in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Orlov T. K. , Gorbulinska S. M. , Klepach H. M. , Kryzhanovska M. A. , Holub N. Ia. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. To investigate the effect of 0.1% taurine on the manifestation of muscular dystrophy in Drosophila melanogaster mutants under both larval and adult feeding. Methods. Larval and adult feeding of 0.1 % taurine, construction of survival curves and study of moving activity, making thorax muscles histological preparations. Results. It has been shown the increasing of life span indexes (on 46-75%). moving activity (on 50-75%), decreasing of fatigue rates, and reducing of muscle damages (on 6-20%) in Drosophila dystrophy mutants under the influence of 0.1% taurine. Conclusions. The results indicate a positive effect of 0.1% taurine as a stimulant, antioxidant, myoprotector, blocker of fatigue processes in dystrophin mutants. However, following further studies on vertebrates, taurine may be recommended as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Keywords: Drosophila, dystrophin, miodystrophy, taurine.
Analysis of soybean germplasm by seed longevity
Authors: Zadorozhna O. A. , Bezugla O. M. , Vus O. N. , Suprun O.G. , Shyianova T.P. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. Analysis of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) germplasm seed longevity with different biochemical composition for further storage optimization in active collections and during long-term storage. Methods. The content of protein, oil, fatty acid composition (palmitic, palmitic-oleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosenic, behenic) in experimental soybean seed samples was analyzed. The process of accelerated storage aging, storage at –20°C were carried out at original seed moisture content and after additional drying. Laboratory and field indexes of seed germinability, mophophysiological state of seedlings, elements of crop structure were evaluated. Results. The longevity of soybean seed germplasm with different biochemical composition, different degree of drying was determined. The statistical relationship between fatty acid content and germination of soybean seeds in experimental and control variants was established. Conclusions. Drying to 4% seed moisture content extends the longevity of soybean seeds with different biochemical composition. Extra drying should be applied in special modes even for seeds with 7% moisture content.
Keywords: germplasm, soybean, storage, longevity, moisture content.
Nutritional Status and Pulmonary Hypertension in Children with Down Syndrome Presenting with Congenital Heart Disease: Retrospective Study
Authors: Chinawa J. M. , Duru O. C. , Chukwu B. F. , Chinawa A. T. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Children with Down syndrome are predisposed to having congenital heart defect.
Objectives: This study is aimed to describe the clinical correlates, nutritional status and pulmonary hypertension in children with Down syndrome who presented with congenital heart disease.
Patients and Methods: A retrospective study of children with Down syndrome who presented with congenital heart disease from 2016 to 2020 was carried out. Nutritional status was assessed with WHO Anthro software while pulmonary hypertension was assessed with standard procedures.
Results: Out of 758 echocardiography done over the period of 5 years for children suspected of having cardiac disease, three hundred and eight one had confirmed congenital heart disease of which twenty-eight of them had Down syndrome 7.34% (28/381). Ten 10/28 (35.7%) of them had pulmonary hypertension. This is commonly noted among infants than older ages.
Among 28 children with Down syndrome, twenty-three had complete information for weight and height which was used to assess their nutritional status, 47.8% (11/28) presented with wasting and stunted, 8.7% (2/28) of those with Down syndrome were wasted and 8.7% (2/28) with stunting. Down syndrome is commoner in children with AV canal defect 50% (14/28) followed by PDA 21.4% (6/14). Fast breathing 86.7% (13/15) as the most common symptom followed by cough 64.3% (9/14)
Conclusion: Children with Down syndrome who had congenital heart disease are at increased risk of malnutrition and pulmonary hypertension.
Comparative Study of Anti Microbial Activity of Dose Dependent Silver Nanoparticle Preparation, Iodophor and Chlorhexidine against Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Strains
Authors: Pradeep Rajasri , Muralidharan N. P. 
Published: November 2020

Iodophor, chlorhexidine and silver nanoparticle preparation were tested against Extended spectrum beta lactamase strains (ESBL strains) in this study. This was done in order to compare the antibacterial activities of 5% iodophor, 4% chlorhexidine and silver nanoparticle preparation. A major problem for chemotherapy of bacterial agents in today’s world is the development of multi drug resistance. ESBL is one of the most common problematic multidrug resistant pathogens. Beta lactamase are enzymes which are produced by certain kinds of bacteria. They have the ability to breakdown the active ingredient in certain common antibiotics and thus making them ineffective. Iodophor and chlorhexidine are chemical disinfectants which show antimicrobial activity. Iodine is said to be one of the most lethal agents that enters the cell and inhibits synthesis of proteins. Iodophors are less toxic and they do not irritate the skin when used for disinfection. Chlorhexidine is also a commonly used antiseptic and they are very commonly used as a disinfectant before surgical procedures and for sterilisation procedures. Silver nanoparticle, another component tested against ESBL strain in this study is a biological preparation. Many studies have described the antimicrobial properties of silver and it is proven to be a powerful bactericidal agent as it can effectively cross biological membranes. Although considered to be toxic at high concentrations in human beings, less than 1% concentration of silver nanoparticle preparation is used for controlling bacteria in dental therapies, wounds, burns and catheters.
An Immunological Outlook on SARS Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and Its Current Clinical Status
Authors: Sahoo Jyoti Prakash , Mohapatra Upasana , Mahapatra Sushree Suparna , Panda Koustava Kumar , Ganesh Pushpalatha , Mishra Ambika Prasad , Samal Kailash Chandra , Behera Suraj Kumar 
Published: November 2020

The SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in China in 2019 and rapidly spread across the globe for which the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. This viral disease is extremely contagious and infectious in nature and the general symptoms include fever, cough and pneumonia followed by a loss of taste, diarrhoea, shortness of breath, acute respiratory distress syndrome and even death. The disease has caused unprecedented risk against the global fitness scenario and therefore have altered the socio-economic-political structure of society. There has been no reported cases of any immunity against the virus, however immune-compromised people are extremely vulnerable to this disease. The diagnosis of the disease is usually done by quantitative Real-time PCR but other methods of detection like serological testing is gaining prominence these days. Approaches are directed towards the development of vaccine candidates and a search is on towards the discovery of potential drugs. Needless to say, the genome architecture of the virus and the viral proteins mounting an immune response play a key role in the development of effective therapeutic strategies. The review article presents an overview of the science behind the pandemic along with the structural chemistry of the pathogen, the prognosis and the vaccine candidates in different stages of development. The review would be beneficial to the scientific fraternity and the common men at large in understanding the central role of the immune system towards the development of successful clinical strategies for diagnosis and therapy to avoid the future encounters by the virus.
Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness about Anticancer Antibiotics among Dental Students
Authors: Natarajan Kalaivani , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Subhashree R. 
Published: November 2020

Cancer is considered to be one of the major threats throughout the world. Treatment for cancer involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgeries. Different groups of drugs are used for chemotherapy. Anticancer antibiotics are such groups that act against tumor cells that are in a phase of continuous division and do not harm the cells in the resting phase. This study was a question-based survey. A questionnaire about anticancer antibiotics, its types, it's uses, and the clinical scenario was administered to a group of dentists. The questionnaire had a set of questions and corresponding options, the participants had to choose one among the options. The questions were simple and easy. The results obtained were collected and tabulated. The participants were of equal ratio with 50 male and 50 female participants. About 57.1% of the participants were not aware about anticancer antibiotics. As dentists, it is important to know how to diagnose oral cancer, and the treatment options available for those patients. In this study, we could see that the participants’ knowledge about anticancer antibiotics was less than adequate. Proper training and conferences should be conducted to improve their knowledge.
A Highly Flexible and Lightweight MnO2/Graphene Membrane for Superior Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Jinjin , Wang Jian‐Gan , Liu Huanyan , You Zongyuan , Li Zhen , Kang Feiyu , Wei Bingqing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBatteries powering next‐generation flexible and wearable electronic devices require superior mechanical bendability and foldability. Herein, a self‐standing hybrid nanoarchitecture constructed by ultralong MnO2 nanowires and graphene nanosheets as an advanced and lightweight cathodes for flexible and foldable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) is designed and fabricated. The new‐designed batteries exhibit not only a high energy density of 436 Wh kg−1 based on the total cathode mass but also good 2000‐cycling durability. More importantly, the shape‐deformable ZIBs can be operated without any capacity loss under both bent and folded circumstances. The foldable ZIBs with high energy density and long lifetime hold great promise for smart and wearable electronics.
Hydroxyapatite–Bovine Serum Albumin–Paclitaxel Nanoparticles for Locoregional Treatment of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Liu Yongjia , Qiao Zhiguang , Gao Jian , Wu Fengren , Sun Binbin , Lian Meifei , Qian Jiwen , Su Yue , Zhu Xinyuan , Zhu Bangshang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most primary type of bone tumor occurring in the pediatric and adolescent age groups. In order to obtain the most appropriate prognosis, both tumor recurrence inhibition and bone repair promotion are required. In this study, a ternary nanoscale biomaterial/antitumor drug complex including hydroxyapatite (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and paclitaxel (PTX) is prepared for post‐surgical cancer treatment of osteosarcoma in situ. The HA–BSA–PTX nanoparticles, about 55 nm in diameter with drug loading efficiency (32.17 wt%), have sustained release properties of PTX and calcium ions (Ca2+) and low cytotoxicity to human fetal osteoblastic (hFOB 1.19) cells in vitro. However, for osteosarcoma (143B) cells, the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability are significantly inhibited. The in situ osteosarcoma model studies demonstrate that HA–BSA–PTX nanoparticles have significant anticancer effects and can effectively inhibit tumor metastasis. Meanwhile, the detection of alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction proves that the HA–BSA–PTX nanoparticles can promote the osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, the HA–BSA–PTX nanodrug delivery system combined with sustained drug release, antitumor, and osteogenesis effects is a promising agent for osteosarcoma adjuvant therapy.
3D Printing Materials for Soft Robotics
Authors: Sachyani Keneth Ela , Kamyshny Alexander , Totaro Massimo , Beccai Lucia , Magdassi Shlomo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoft robotics is a growing field of research, focusing on constructing motor‐less robots from highly compliant materials, some are similar to those found in living organisms. Soft robotics has a high potential for applications in various fields such as soft grippers, actuators, and biomedical devices. 3D printing of soft robotics presents a novel and promising approach to form objects with complex structures, directly from a digital design. Here, recent developments in the field of materials for 3D printing of soft robotics are summarized, including high‐performance flexible and stretchable materials, hydrogels, self‐healing materials, and shape memory polymers, as well as fabrication of all‐printed robots (multi‐material printing, embedded electronics, untethered and autonomous robotics). The current challenges in the fabrication of 3D printed soft robotics, including the materials available and printing abilities, are presented and the recent activities addressing these challenges are also surveyed.
Solid‐State Li–Metal Batteries: Challenges and Horizons of Oxide and Sulfide Solid Electrolytes and Their Interfaces
Authors: Kim Kun Joong , Balaish Moran , Wadaguchi Masaki , Kong Lingping , Rupp Jennifer L. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe introduction of new, safe, and reliable solid‐electrolyte chemistries and technologies can potentially overcome the challenges facing their liquid counterparts while widening the breadth of possible applications. Through tech‐historic evolution and rationally analyzing the transition from liquid‐based Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) to all‐solid‐state Li‐metal batteries (ASSLBs), a roadmap for the development of a successful oxide and sulfide‐based ASSLB focusing on interfacial challenges is introduced, while accounting for five parameters: energy density, power density, longterm stability, processing, and safety. First taking a strategic approach, this review dismantles the ASSLB into its three major components and discusses the most promising solid electrolytes and their most advantageous pairing options with oxide cathode materials and the Li metal anode. A thorough analysis of the chemical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of the two most promising and investigated classes of inorganic solid electrolytes, namely oxides and sulfides, is presented. Next, the overriding challenges associated with the pairing of the solid electrolyte with oxide‐based cathodes and a Li‐metal anode, leading to limited performance for solid‐state batteries are extensively addressed and possible strategies to mitigate these issues are presented. Finally, future perspectives, guidelines, and selective interface engineering strategies toward the resolution of these challenges are analyzed and discussed.
Porous Mo2C−MoP Heterostructure on Carbon Cloth for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction over a Broad pH Range
Authors: He Mengci , Shi Hongyan , Sun Xiudong , Gao Bo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHeterogeneous structure composed of different active materials is an important strategy to improve the HER performance of catalysts, due to the synergistic effects on the interface. Here, we synthesized a Mo2C−MoP heterostructure by phosphating porous β‐Mo2C nanostructures with red phosphorus powder. XRD, Raman, XPS, SEM and TEM results suggested that Mo2C−MoP heterostructure with porous nanostructures were obtained on carbon cloth at 550 °C (MoCP‐550), which showed remarkable HER activity over a broad pH range. A low η10 of 51 mV and a small Tafel slope of 56.7 mV dec−1 was achieved in 1.0 M KOH, and a low η10 of 82 mV and a small Tafel slope of 49.8 mV dec−1 in 0.5 M H2SO4. MoCP‐550 also exhibited excellent electrocatalytic stability in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations identified that Mo2C−MoP heterostructure has more suitable H* adsorption free energy compared to pure Mo2C and pure MoP.
Inherent Impurities in Graphene/Polylactic Acid Filament Strongly Influence on the Capacitive Performance of 3D‐Printed Electrode
Authors: Ghosh Kalyan , Ng Siowwoon , Iffelsberger Christian , Pumera Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing or 3D‐printing have become promising fabrication techniques in the field of electrochemical energy storage applications such as supercapacitors, and batteries. Of late, a commercially available graphene/polylactic acid (PLA) filament has been commonly used for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D‐printing in the fabrication of electrodes for supercapacitors and Li‐ion batteries. This graphene/PLA filament contains metal‐based impurities such as titanium oxide and iron oxide. In this study, we show a strong influence of inherent impurities in the graphene/PLA filament for supercapacitor applications. A 3D‐printed electrode is prepared and subsequently thermally activated for electrochemical measurement. A deep insight has been taken to look into the pseudocapacitive contribution from the metal‐based impurities which significantly enhanced the overall capacitance of the 3D‐printed graphene/PLA electrode. A systematic approach has been shown to remove the impurities from the printed electrodes. This has a broad implication on the interpretation of the capacitance of 3D‐printed composites.
Desulfurization through Photocatalytic Oxidation: A Critical Review
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyu , Wang Tianyi , Liu Hang , Gao Xiaochun , Wang Chengyin , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFuel oil, the most important strategic resource, has been widely used in industrial applications. However, the sulfur‐containing compounds in fuel oil also present humanity with huge environmental issues and health concerns due to the hazardous combustion waste. To address this problem, the low vulcanization of fuel production technology has been intensively explored. Compared with traditional hydrodesulfurization technology, the newly emerged photocatalytic desulfurization has the advantages of milder operating conditions, lower energy consumption, and higher efficiency, holding great prospect to achieve deep desulfurization. Though great efforts have been made, the desulfurization catalysts still suffer from inferior light absorption, fast recombination of photocarriers, and poor structure modification. This Review summarizes recent development of photocatalytic desulfurization, including the desulfurization principle, current desulfurization challenges, and corresponding solutions. Particularly, the roles of defect engineering, hybrid coupling, and structure modifications in the enhancement of photocatalytic performance are emphasized. In addition, the photocatalytic desulfurization mechanism is also introduced with the .OH and .O2− radicals as main active species. Finally, some perspectives on the photocatalytic desulfurization are provided, which can further optimize the desulfurization efficiency and guide future photocatalyst design.