bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nest, eggs and nestling description of the Silvery-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula luctuosa (Pelzeln, 1868) in the Atlantic Forest of northeast Brazil
Authors: da Silva Cleverton , de Azevedo Cristiano Schetini , Ruiz-Esparza Juan , de Souza Ribeiro Adauto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the present study, we describe the nest, eggs, and nestlings of the Silvery-flanked Antwren,Myrmotherula luctuosa. One nest was found on 08 May 2017 on the edge of one of the forest fragments of the Serra de Itabaiana National Park, in the state of Sergipe, northeast Brazil, and was monitored until 21 May 2017. The nest, presented the following dimensions: external height: 7.6 cm; outside diameter: 21 × 19 cm; internal diameter: 13.3 × 11 cm; depth of the oologic chamber: 4.7 cm; and height in relation to the ground: 84 cm. The two eggs found in the nest were white with reddish-brown dots, patches and stripes and weighed 1.7 and 1.5 g. Incubation was performed by both the male and female, as well as feeding of the nestlings. A single egg hatched, giving rise to a 3.9 cm, 3.7 g nestling. According to our estimates, the young fledged with about 11 days. This is the first study to present information about the reproductive biology of the Silvery-flanked Antwren.
How much, if anything, do we know about sperm chromosomes of Robertsonian translocation carriers?
Authors: Wiland Ewa , Olszewska Marta , Woźniak Tomasz , Kurpisz Maciej 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn men with oligozoospermia, Robertsonian translocations (RobTs) are the most common type of autosomal aberrations. The most commonly occurring types are rob(13;14) and rob(14;21), and other types of RobTs are described as ‘rare’ cases. Based on molecular research, all RobTs can be broadly classified into Class 1 and Class 2. Class 1 translocations produce the same breakpoints within their RobT type, but Class 2 translocations are predicted to form during meiosis or mitosis through a variety of mechanisms, resulting in variation in the breakpoint locations. This review seeks to analyse the available data addressing the question of whether the molecular classification of RobTs into Classes 1 and 2 and/or the type of DD/GG/DG symmetry of the involved chromosomes is reflected in the efficiency of spermatogenesis. The lowest frequency value calculated for the rate of alternate segregants was found for rob(13;15) carriers (Class 2, symmetry DD) and the highest for rob(13;21) carriers (Class 2, DG symmetry). The aneuploidy values for the rare RobT (Class 2) and common rob(14;21) (Class 1) groups together exhibited similarities while differing from those for the common rob(13;14) (Class 1) group. Considering the division of RobT carriers into those with normozoospermia and those with oligoasthenozoospermia, it was found that the number of carriers with elevated levels of aneuploidy was unexpectedly quite similar and high (approx. 70%) in the two subgroups. The reason(s) that the same RobT does not always show a similar destructive effect on fertility was also pointed out.
Alienation and the Stability Problem
Authors: Sikorska Justyna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStarting from the inequality $$\begin{aligned} |f(x+y)-f(x)-f(y)+g(x+y)-g(x)g(y)|\leqslant \varepsilon , \quad x,y\in S, \end{aligned}$$

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where f is a complex valued function defined on a monoid S, we deal with two problems: the stability problem and the problem of alienation of the approximate additivity condition from the condition of approximate exponentiality.
“Who’ll take the chair?” Maternal employment effects of a Polish (pre)school reform
Authors: Akgündüz Yusuf Emre , van Huizen Thomas , Plantenga Janneke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examines the impact of preschool availability on the employment of mothers of preschool-aged children. We exploit a transitional phase of a 2009 Polish education reform that simultaneously lowered the primary school age from 7 to 6 and provided a statutory right to preschool to 5-year-olds. As a significant share of 6-year-old children moved into primary schools a year earlier, their preschool seats effectively became available for younger children. The reform thereby led to a substantial rise in the number of available preschool seats for 3- to 5-year-olds. Using regional variation in the degree of preschool expansion, we estimate the impact of the increased availability of preschool seats on maternal employment. Our results indicate a significant and sizable employment effect: a 10% points increase in the ratio of preschool seats to preschool-aged children increases maternal employment by around 4.2% points. The effect seems to be concentrated among highly educated mothers and mothers with a youngest child of age three.
Human exposure to synthetic endocrine disrupting chemicals (S-EDCs) is generally negligible as compared to natural compounds with higher or comparable endocrine activity: how to evaluate the risk of the S-EDCs?
Authors: Autrup Herman , Barile Frank A. , Berry Sir Colin , Blaauboer Bas J. , Boobis Alan , Bolt Herrmann , Borgert Christopher J. , Dekant Wolfgang , Dietrich Daniel , Domingo Jose L. , Gori Gio Batta , Greim Helmut , Hengstler Jan , Kacew Sam , Marquardt Hans , Pelkonen Olavi , Savolainen Kai , Heslop-Harrison Pat , Vermeulen Nico P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTheoretically, both synthetic endocrine disrupting chemicals (S-EDCs) and natural (exogenous and endogenous) endocrine disrupting chemicals (N-EDCs) can interact with endocrine receptors and disturb hormonal balance. However, compared to endogenous hormones, S-EDCs are only weak partial agonists with receptor affinities several orders of magnitude lower. Thus, to elicit observable effects, S-EDCs require considerably higher concentrations to attain sufficient receptor occupancy or to displace natural hormones and other endogenous ligands. Significant exposures to exogenous N-EDCs may result from ingestion of foods such as soy-based diets, green tea and sweet mustard. While their potencies are lower as compared to natural endogenous hormones, they usually are considerably more potent than S-EDCs. Effects of exogenous N-EDCs on the endocrine system were observed at high dietary intakes. A causal relation between their mechanism of action and these effects is established and biologically plausible. In contrast, the assumption that the much lower human exposures to S-EDCs may induce observable endocrine effects is not plausible. Hence, it is not surprising that epidemiological studies searching for an association between S-EDC exposure and health effects have failed. Regarding testing for potential endocrine effects, a scientifically justified screen should use in vitro tests to compare potencies of S-EDCs with those of reference N-EDCs. When the potency of the S-EDC is similar or smaller than that of the N-EDC, further testing in laboratory animals and regulatory consequences are not warranted.
The effect of training on the perceived approach angle in visual vertical heading judgements in a virtual environment
Authors: Gibson Molly E. , Kim John J.-J. , McManus Meaghan , Harris Laurence R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPast studies have found poorer performance on vertical heading judgement accuracy compared to horizontal heading judgement accuracy. In everyday life, precise vertical heading judgements are used less often than horizontal heading judgements as we cannot usually control our vertical direction. However, pilots judging a landing approach need to consistently discriminate vertical heading angles to land safely. This study addresses the impact of training on participants’ ability to judge their touchdown point relative to a target in a virtual environment with a clearly defined ground plane and horizon. Thirty-one participants completed a touchdown point estimation task twice, using three angles of descent (3°, 6° and 9°). In between the two testing tasks, half of the participants completed a flight simulator landing training task which provided feedback on their vertical heading performance; while, the other half completed a two-dimensional puzzle game as a control. Overall, participants were more precise in their responses in the second testing compared to the first (from a SD of ± 0.91° to ± 0.67°), but only the experimental group showed improvement in accuracy (from a mean error of − 2.1° to − 0.6°). Our results suggest that with training, vertical heading judgments can be as accurate as horizontal heading judgments. This study is the first to show the effectiveness of training in vertical heading judgement in naïve individuals. The results are applicable in the field of aviation, informing possible strategies for pilot training.
Spatial Patterns of Gene Expression in Bacterial Genomes
Authors: Lato Daniella F. , Golding G. Brian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGene expression in bacteria is a remarkably controlled and intricate process impacted by many factors. One such factor is the genomic position of a gene within a bacterial genome. Genes located near the origin of replication generally have a higher expression level, increased dosage, and are often more conserved than genes located farther from the origin of replication. The majority of the studies involved with these findings have only noted this phenomenon in a single gene or cluster of genes that was re-located to pre-determined positions within a bacterial genome. In this work, we look at the overall expression levels from eleven bacterial data sets fromEscherichia coli,Bacillus subtilis,Streptomyces, andSinorhizobium meliloti. We have confirmed that gene expression tends to decrease when moving away from the origin of replication in majority of the replicons analysed in this study. This study sheds light on the impact of genomic location on molecular trends such as gene expression and highlights the importance of accounting for spatial trends in bacterial molecular analysis.
A New Synthetic Conduit for the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Authors: Uranues Selman , Bretthauer Georg , Tomasch Gordana , Rafolt Dietmar , Nagele‐Moser Doris , Berghold Andrea , Kleinert Reinhold , Justich Ivo , Waldert Jörg , Koch Horst 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral nerve defects (PND) often cause lifelong physical disability, and the available treatment options are often not satisfactory. PND are usually bridged with an autologous nerve transplant or a nerve guidance conduit (NGC), when coaptation as preferred technique is not possible. The aim of this experimental study was to determine the effectiveness of a novel NGC for regeneration in the treatment of PND.Materials and methodsA conduit made of gelatin with an innovative interior structure was tested for the repair of a 6‐mm gap versus direct microsurgical suture repair without gap.ResultsWe found that bridging the defect with this conduit was as effective as direct microsurgical coaptation without a defect.ConclusionsThis nerve conduit, effective in bridging neural defects, appears as an alternative to autologous nerve grafts, avoiding the problems related to nerve graft harvesting, host–donor differences in diameter, mismatches in number and pattern of fascicles, cross‐sectional shape and area, and morbidity of the donor area.
Relatedness coefficients in pedigrees with inbred founders
Authors: Vigeland Magnus Dehli 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study an extension of the standard framework for pedigree analysis, in which we allow pedigree founders to be inbred. This solves a number of practical challenges in calculating coefficients of relatedness, including condensed identity coefficients. As a consequence we expand considerably the class of pedigrees for which such coefficients may be efficiently computed. An application of this is the modelling of background inbreeding as a continuous effect. We also use inbred founders to shed new light on constructibility of relatedness coefficients, i.e., the problem of finding a genealogy yielding a given set of coefficients. In particular, we show that any theoretically admissible coefficients for a pair of noninbred individuals can be produced by a finite pedigree with inbred founders. Coupled with our computational methods, implemented in the R package , this allows for the first time computer analysis of general constructibility solutions, thus making them accessible for practical use.
Evidence from stable-isotope labeling that catechol is an intermediate in salicylic acid catabolism in the flowers of Silene latifolia (white campion)
Authors: Van Gelder Kristen , Forrester Taylor , Akhtar Tariq A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Main conclusion
A stable isotope-assisted mass spectrometry-based platform was utilized to demonstrate that the plant hormone, salicylic acid, is catabolized to catechol, a widespread secondary plant compound.

Abstract
The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) plays a central role in the overall plant defense program, as well as various other aspects of plant growth and development. Although the biosynthetic steps toward SA are well documented, how SA is catabolized in plants remains poorly understood. Accordingly, in this study a series of stable isotope feeding experiments were performed with Silene latifolia (white campion) to explore possible routes of SA breakdown. S. latifolia flowers that were fed a solution of [2H6]-salicylic acid emitted the volatile and potent pollinator attractant, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene (veratrole), which contained the benzene ring-bound deuterium atoms. Extracts from these S. latifolia flowers revealed labeled catechol as a possible intermediate. After feeding flowers with [2H6]-catechol, the stable isotope was recovered in veratrole as well as its precursor, guaiacol. Addition of a trapping pool of guaiacol in combination with [2H6]-salicylic acid resulted in the accumulation of the label into catechol. Finally, we provide evidence for catechol O-methyltransferase enzyme activity in a population of S. latifolia that synthesizes veratrole from guaiacol. This activity was absent in non-veratrole emitting flowers. Taken together, these results imply the conversion of salicylic acid to veratrole in the following reaction sequence: salicylic acid > catechol > guaiacol > veratrole. This catabolic pathway for SA may also be embedded in other lineages of the plant kingdom, particularly those species which are known to accumulate catechol.
Need for ensuring care for neuro-emergencies—lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hecht Nils , Wessels Lars , Werft Finn-Ove , Schneider Ulf C. , Czabanka Marcus , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
To investigate whether patients with critical emergency conditions are seeking or receiving the medical care that they require, we characterized the reality of care for patients presenting with neuro-emergencies during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
In this observational, longitudinal cohort study, all neurosurgical admissions that presented to our department between February 1 and April 15 during the COVID-19 pandemic and during the same time period in 2019 were identified and categorized according to the presence of a neuro-emergency, the route of admission, management, and the category of disease. Further, the clinical course of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) was investigated representatively for severe vascular and semi-urgent traumatic conditions that present with a wide variety of symptoms.

Results
During the pandemic, the percentage of neuro-emergencies among all neurosurgical admissions remained similar but a larger proportion presented through the emergency department than through the outpatient clinic or by referral (*p = 0.009). The total number of neuro-emergencies was significantly reduced (*p = 0.0007) across all types of disease, particularly in vascular (*p = 0.036) but also in spinal (*p = 0.007) and hydrocephalus (*p = 0.048) emergencies. Patients with spinal emergencies presented 48 h later (*p = 0.001) despite comparable symptom severity. For aSAH, the number of cases, aSAH grade, aneurysm localization, and treatment modality did not change but strikingly, elderly patients with cSDH presented less frequently, with more severe symptoms (*p = 0.046), and were less likely to reach favorable outcome (*p = 0.003) at discharge compared with previous years.

Conclusions
Despite pandemic-related restrictive measures and reallocation of resources, patients with neuro-emergencies should be encouraged to present regardless of the severity of symptoms because deferred presentation may result in adverse outcome. Thus, conservation of critical healthcare resources remains essential in spite of fighting COVID-19.
Training the component steps of an extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) cannulation outside the clinical setting
Authors: Botden Sanne M. B. I. , Bökkerink Guus M. , Leijte Erik , Antonius Tim , de Blaauw Ivo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExtra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) cannulation can be a stressful procedure because a fast cannulation is vital for the patient’s survival. Therefore, it is important to train the steps of cannulation outside the clinical setting. A relatively low budget, easy to use model, was developed to train the most important steps of an ECMO cannulation. Following this, it was evaluated by experts and target group participants. They all completed a questionnaire regarding their experience and opinions on the ECMO model on general aspects and the training of the component steps, rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Twenty-one participants completed the questionnaire. The features and steps of the model were rated with a mean of 3.9 on average. The haptics of the landscape scored least, with a mean of 3.6, although the haptics of the vessels scored highest with 4.0. The rating of the component steps showed that only ‘opening of the vessels’ was scored significantly different between the expertise levels (means experts: 4.0, target group: 3.4, p = 0.032). This low budget model is considered to be a valid tool to train the component steps of the ECMO cannulation, which could reduce the learning curve in the a stressful clinical setting. Level of evidence: II prospective comparative study.
Sustained inattentional blindness in virtual reality and under conventional laboratory conditions
Authors: Schöne Benjamin , Sylvester Rebecca Sophia , Radtke Elise Leila , Gruber Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) might increase the ecological validity of psychological studies as it allows submerging into real-life experiences under controlled laboratory conditions. We intended to provide empirical evidence for this claim at the example of the famous invisible gorilla paradigm (Simons and Chabris in Perception, 28(9), 1059–1074, 1999). To this end, we confronted one group of participants with a conventional 2D-video of two teams passing basketballs. To the second group of participants, we presented the same stimulus material as a 3D360°-VR-video and to a third group as a 2D360°-VR-video. Replicating the original findings, in the video condition, only ~ 30% of the participants noticed the gorilla. However, in both VR-conditions, the detection rate was increased to ~ 70%. The illusion of spatial proximity in VR enhances the salience of the gorilla, thereby enhancing the noticing rate. VR mimics the perceptual characteristics of the real world and provides a useful tool for psychological studies.
Research evidence from studies on filial imprinting, attachment, and early life stress: a new route for scientific integration
Authors: Lemche Erwin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAttachment is a concept that was developed and researched in developmental psychology in uptake of findings on filial imprinting from ethology. In the present period, however, attachment concepts are increasingly applied to and investigated in animal research, thereby translating back criteria that were established for human infants. It herein appears that findings on filial imprinting are becoming more and more forgotten, whilst basic findings in human infants are not reflected in investigations on attachment in animals. To re-integrate both domains, the present article undertakes the effort in briefly reviewing and recapitulating basic findings in human attachment and recent research on filial imprinting. In specific, replicated were critical roles of the conversion of thyroid prohormone by 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio2) into triiodothyronine (T3) in the regulation of the timing of imprinting learning. Because of the interactions of T3 with oxytocinergic and dopaminergic neurones of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, these findings provide new neuroendocrinological insight for possible relations with both attachment and metabolic sequelae of early life stress. Necessary is a mutual integration of all recent advances in the yet separated fields.
Towards Geostatistical Learning for the Geosciences: A Case Study in Improving the Spatial Awareness of Spectral Clustering
Authors: Talebi H. , Peeters L. J. M. , Mueller U. , Tolosana-Delgado R. , van den Boogaart K. G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe particularities of geosystems and geoscience data must be understood before any development or implementation of statistical learning algorithms. Without such knowledge, the predictions and inferences may not be accurate and physically consistent. Accuracy, transparency and interpretability, credibility, and physical realism are minimum criteria for statistical learning algorithms when applied to the geosciences. This study briefly reviews several characteristics of geoscience data and challenges for novel statistical learning algorithms. A novel spatial spectral clustering approach is introduced to illustrate how statistical learners can be adapted for modelling geoscience data. The spatial awareness and physical realism of the spectral clustering are improved by utilising a dissimilarity matrix based on nonparametric higher-order spatial statistics. The proposed model-free technique can identify meaningful spatial clusters (i.e. meaningful geographical subregions) from multivariate spatial data at different scales without the need to define a model of co-dependence. Several mixed (e.g. continuous and categorical) variables can be used as inputs to the proposed clustering technique. The proposed technique is illustrated using synthetic and real mining datasets. The results of the case studies confirm the usefulness of the proposed method for modelling spatial data.
Zwischen Moos und Wetterglas: Naturkundliche Interieurs und Objekte in der Literatur der deutschsprachigen Aufklärung
Authors: Kittelmann Jana , Baumann Baptiste 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe investigate how objects of natural history, interiors, and practices of observation, collecting and experimenting as well as other forms of sensual perception of nature are represented and interpreted aesthetically in writings of the German-speaking Enlightenment. On the basis of selected examples, we analyze how systematizations and methods of natural history are transferred and adapted to literature and poetics.