bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a New Evidence-Based Fitting Paradigm for Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids
Authors: Urbanski Dana , Hernandez Helin , Oleson Jacob , Wu Yu-Hsiang 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This dual-aim study was intended to develop and validate a new fitting paradigm for over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids. Aim 1 was undertaken to create a limited set of evidence-based preconfigured gain–frequency responses (“presets”) for use in OTC devices. Aim 2 tested the efficacy of the presets relative to best-practice verification and determined the best method(s) for older adults to self-select amplification from the set.

Method
In Aim 1, audiometry data from 267 older adults with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. Using these data and the National Acoustic Laboratories–Non-Linear 2 (NAL-NL2) prescriptive formula, a set of four presets were created that can fit a large percentage of older Americans with presbycusis. In Aim 2, 37 older adults with hearing loss used five methods to select presets. The selection methods were select-by-audiogram, select-by-self-test, select-by-trying, select-by-questionnaire, and random assignment. Using a crossover design, each participant completed speech recognition testing and sound quality ratings in quiet and noise for all selection methods and a verified NAL-NL2 condition.

Results
The set of presets can fit 67.9% of older Americans with mild-to-moderate hearing loss (Aim 1). Controlling for hearing thresholds and sound quality ratings, liner mixed-effects models indicated that speech recognition scores for select-by-audiogram, select-by-self-test, and select-by-trying were not statistically different from the NAL-NL2 condition. Statistical analysis indicated that select-by-self-test produced outcomes most consistent with individual outcomes for the NAL-NL2 condition (Aim 2).

Conclusion
This newly developed fitting paradigm may provide efficacy comparable to best-practice verification and could be used in OTC hearing aids.
Flexibility of interconnected power system operation: Analysis, evaluation and prospection
Authors: Lin Wei , Yang Zhifang , Yu Juan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCross‐region power exchange plays a significant role in the efficient utilization of power resources. An increased power demand and renewable integration leads to a decreased security margin of power system operation. The operational flexibility in an interconnected power system can be further extended by expanding the operating region of each power system. In this study, the potential flexibility in an interconnected power system is summarized from cross‐region and intra‐region perspectives. A unified approach is presented to evaluate the flexibility by multi‐parametric programming. An illustrative example and a 661‐bus utility system are utilized to validate the proposed unified approach. A non‐iterative framework that considers the flexibility in the interconnected power system operation is presented. Relevant lines of future research have also been indicated for practical implementations of the flexibility.
Mechanical and structural behaviour of TiAlV nanocrystalline elaborated by mechanical milling technique
Authors: Abada Abderahim , Bergheul Said , Younes Abderrahmane 
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to fabricate the Ti50Al40X10 nanostructured alloy (X: V) from pure titanium, aluminium, and vanadium powders by using a high‐energy planetary ball mill with increasing milling time from 10 to 80 h. Morphology, structural, and mechanical properties of this alloy were investigated by a SEM, XRD, and nano‐indentation testing. The effect of milling time on structural, morphological, and mechanical properties has been investigated. Microstructural characterisation showed a decrease of average particle size during milling time. Crystallite size decreased from 49 to 6.02 nm and lattice strain increased from 0.15% to about 0.89% during mechanical alloying. In addition, the mechanical properties of Ti50Al40V10 nanostructured materials were strongly depended on the microstructure and crystallite size of new phases that appear during mechanical milling. Microhardness of the Ti50Al40V10 alloy increases with milling time from 261 to 738 Hv. These changes could be attributed to the crystallite size and the strain variations during milling.
Anticancer, antimicrobial, and dye degradation activity of biosynthesised silver nanoparticle using Artemisia kopetdaghensis
Authors: Taghavizadeh Yazdi Mohammad Ehsan , Darroudi Majid , Amiri Mohammad Sadegh , Hosseini Hasan Ali , Nourbakhsh Fahimeh , Mashreghi Mohammad , Farjadi Malihe , Mousavi Kouhi Seyed Mousa , Mousavi Seyed Hadi 
Published: December 2020

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is gaining attention due to the presence of functional plant macromolecules that benefit from NPs’ synthesis and also due to their exceptional bioactive compounds. Artemisia kopetdaghensis extract acted as a reducing/capping agent. Characterisation of greener‐synthesised AgNPs (Ak‐AgNPs) was performed by various techniques, such as Ultraviolet (UV)−visible spectrophotometry, TEM, Fourier transform infrared, and XRD. Ak‐AgNPs indicated great bactericidal properties in terms of zone of inhibition (ZI) against all of the pathogenic bacteria (i.e. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus). The maximum ZI of Ak‐AgNPs was 22.3 and 17.8 mm against K. pneumoniae and S. aureus, respectively. Anti‐proliferative activity of Ak‐AgNPs on human hepatocellular cancer cell line (HepG2) using the MTT test showed dosage‐dependent inhibition activity of Ak‐AgNPs against HepG2 cancer cells. Also, green‐synthesised Ak‐AgNPs showed catalytic properties under UV‐light in organic dye (methylene blue) degradation. This study revealed that the green‐synthesised AgNPs using A. kopetdaghensis shoots extract had antibacterial and catalytic activities. Also, Ak‐AgNPs had anti‐proliferative potential against human liver cancer cell lines. The green‐synthesised Ak‐AgNPs have the potential to be exploited in anti‐bacterial, anticancer, and biocatalyst technologies.
Linking planetary embryo formation to planetesimal formation
Authors: Voelkel Oliver , Deienno Rogerio , Kretke Katherine , Klahr Hubert 
Published: December 2020

Context.The accretion of pebbles onto planetary cores has been widely studied in recent years and is found to be a highly effective mechanism for planetary growth. While most studies assume planetary cores as an initial condition in their simulation, the question of the manner, location, and time at which these cores form is often neglected.Aims.We study the effect of pebble accretion during the formation phase and subsequent evolution of planetary embryos in the early stages of circumstellar disk evolution. In doing so, we aim to quantify the timescales and local dependence of planetary embryo formation based on the solid evolution of the disk.Methods.We connected a one-dimensional two-population model for solid evolution and pebble-flux-regulated planetesimal formation to theN-body code LIPAD. We focused on the growth of planetesimals with an initial size of 100 km in diameter by planetesimal collisions and pebble accretion for the first one million years of a viscously evolving disk. We compared 18 differentN-body simulations in which we varied the total planetesimal mass after one million years, the surface density profile of the planetesimal disk, the radial pebble flux, and the possibility of pebble accretion.Results.Pebble accretion leads to the formation of fewer but substantially more massive embryos. The area of possible embryo formation is weakly affected by the accretion of pebbles, and the innermost embryos tend to form slightly earlier than in simulations in which pebble accretion is neglected.Conclusions.Pebble accretion strongly enhances the formation of super-Earths in the terrestrial planet region, but it does not enhance the formation of embryos at larger distances.
Lucky spectroscopy, an equivalent technique to lucky imaging
Authors: Maíz Apellániz J. , Barbá R. H. , Fariña C. , Sota A. , Pantaleoni González M. , Holgado G. , Negueruela I. , Simón-Díaz S. 
Published: December 2020

Context. Many massive stars have nearby companions. These hamper a characterization of massive stars through spectroscopy.
Aims. We continue to obtain spatially resolved spectroscopy of close massive visual binaries to derive their spectral types.
Methods. We used the lucky spectroscopy technique to obtain a large number of short long-slit spectroscopic exposures of 19 close visual binaries under good seeing conditions. We selected those with the best characteristics, extracted the spectra using multiple-profile fitting, and combined the results to derive spatially separated spectra. The results were analyzed in combination with data from lucky imaging, regular intermediate-resolution single-order spectroscopy, and échelle high-resolution spectroscopy.
Results. The new application of lucky spectroscopy has allowed us (among other results) to [a] spatially disentangle two O stars (FN CMa B and 6 Cas B) with brighter BA supergiant companions for the first time; [b] determine that two B stars (α Sco B and HD 164 492 B) with close and more massive companions are fast rotators (in the second case, solving a case of mistaken identity); [c] extend the technique to cases with extreme magnitude differences (the previous two cases plus CS Cam A,B), shorter separations (HD 193 443 A,B), and fainter primary magnitudes down to B = 11 (HD 219 460 A,B); [d] spatially disentangle the spectra of stars with companions as diverse as an A supergiant (6 Cas A), a Wolf-Rayet star (HD 219 460 B = WR 157), and an M supergiant (α Sco A); [e] discover the unexpected identity of some targets such as two previously unknown bright O stars (HD 51 756 B and BD +60 544) and a new member of the rare OC category (HD 8768 A); and [f] identify and classify (in some cases for the first time) which of the components of four visual binaries (σ Ori, HD 219 460, HD 194 649, and HD 191 201) is a double-lined spectroscopic binary. For another seven systems (FN CMa, σ Sco, HD 51 756, HD 218 195, HD 17 520, HD 24 431, and HD 164 492), we detect signs of spectroscopic binarity using high-spectral-resolution spectroscopy. We also determine the limits of the technique.
Stress, Copingstrategien und gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität während der Corona-Pandemie im April 2020 in Deutschland
Authors: Peters Elke , Hübner Joachim , Katalinic Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Internationale Studien zeigen, dass Pandemien und Quarantäne zu einem signifikant erhöhten Stressniveau und psychischen Erkrankungen bei Betroffenen führen können. Untersucht wurden die Stressbelastung und Lebensqualität in ausgewählten Bevölkerungsgruppen in der Frühphase des Lockdowns der Corona-Pandemie. Vorgestellt werden Assoziationen von Copingstrategien mit wahrgenommener Stressbelastung und Assoziationen von Aktivitäten zur Steigerung des Wohlbefindens mit der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität als ein Aspekt des Wohlbefindens.
Methodik Es wurden Daten der ersten Befragungswelle der CoPa-Studie ausgewertet, die mittels Online-Befragung erhoben wurden. Gruppenunterschiede hinsichtlich Stress und Lebensqualität wurden mittels Chi-Quadrat-Tests bzw. T-Tests explorativ geprüft. Assoziationen von Copingstrategien mit Stress und von Aktivitäten zur Steigerung des Wohlbefindens mit der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität wurden mit linearen Regressionsanalysen berechnet.
Ergebnisse Unter den 5315 Teilnehmenden zeigten Personen mit gefährdeter psychischer Gesundheit und Personen, die nicht in die Öffentlichkeit gingen, signifikant häufiger als andere Teilnehmende Anzeichen für Depressionen, Angststörungen und Stress. Personen mit Kindern bis 12 Jahren zeigten signifikant höhere Stresswerte als andere, ihre gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität war vergleichbar. Wahrgenommene soziale Unterstützung und Selbstwirksamkeit erwiesen sich als Ressourcen für die Stressbelastung. Humor, körperliche Aktivitäten, gesunde Ernährung, die Beibehaltung von Tagesroutinen und die Verfolgung von konkreten Zielen waren positiv mit der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität assoziiert.
Diskussion Personen mit gefährdeter psychischer Gesundheit benötigen in Zeiten mit reduzierten Kontaktmöglichkeiten therapeutische Angebote. Ausgewählte Maßnahmen zur Steigerung des Wohlbefindens scheinen wirksam zu sein und sollten empfohlen werden.
Nichts für Schönwetterkapitäne: CAR-T-Zellen – Immunonkologie trifft Intensivmedizin
Authors: Borrega Jorge Garcia , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Böll Boris 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungCRS und ICANS als Nebenwirkung von CAR-T-Zellen Das Cytokine-Release-Syndrome (CRS) ist die häufigste Nebenwirkung einer CAR-T-Zell-Therapie und kann von leichtem Fieber bis zu einem Multiorganversagen führen. Pathophysiologisch kommt es beim CRS zu einem Zytokinsturm und trotz einer Therapie mit Tocilizumab sind refraktäre und tödliche Verläufe beschrieben. Die Symptome des Immune-Effector-Cell-associated-Neurotoxicity-Syndrome (ICANS) variieren von leichter Desorientiertheit bis zum lebensbedrohlichen Hirnödem. Die Pathophysiologie und Therapie des ICANS sind noch nicht ausreichend erforscht. Die Differenzialdiagnosen von CRS und ICANS sind komplex und umfassen neben Infektionen und Sepsis unter anderem auch eine Toxizität der vorhergehenden Therapie, ein Tumorlysesyndrom und nicht zuletzt einen Progress der Grunderkrankung. Ein klinischer oder laborchemischer Parameter zum sicheren Beweis oder Ausschluss eines CRS oder ICANS gibt es zum heutigen Zeitpunkt nicht.Intensivmedizinische Relevanz und potenzielle Entwicklungen der CAR-T-Zell-Therapie Erste Auswertungen von Real-world-Daten deuten auf eine höhere Rate an schweren Nebenwirkungen im Rahmen der CAR-T-Zell-Therapie als in den Zulassungsstudien hin. Für die Indikation r/r-DLBCL könnten schätzungsweise bis zu maximal 300 Patienten pro Jahr in Deutschland eine intensivmedizinische Betreuung im Rahmen der CAR-T-Zell-Therapie benötigen. Studien mit wesentlich häufigeren soliden Tumoren könnten die Patientenzahl drastisch erhöhen.Therapieziel bei CAR-T-Zell-Patienten und Entscheidungen bei Therapiezieländerung Aufgrund des neuen Therapiekonzepts kann ein Konflikt zwischen bislang palliativem Patientenkollektiv und nun möglicherweise langfristigen Remissionen entstehen. Eine frühzeitige Aufklärung über potenziell lebensbedrohliche Nebenwirkungen im Rahmen der Therapie und eine interdisziplinäre Besprechung der Therapieziele mit den Patienten ist entscheidend.
Relationships Between Training Load Variables in Professional Youth Football Players
Authors: Maughan Patrick , Swinton Paul , MacFarlane Niall 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the relationship between subjective and external measures of load in professional youth football players whilst accounting for the effect of training theme or competition. Data from ratings of perceived exertion and global positioning system-derived measures of external training load were collected from 20 professional youth players (age=17.4±1.3 yrs) across a 46-week season. General characteristics of training sessions were categorised based on their proximity to match day. The underlying structure of the data was investigated with principal component analysis. An extraction criterion comprising eigenvalues >1 was used to identify which components to retain. Three components were retained for training performed three days prior to match day (80.2% of variance), with two components (72.9–89.7% of variance) retained for all other modes. Generally, the first component was represented by measures of volume (Total Distance, PlayerLoad and low intensity running) whilst the second and third components were characterised by measures of intensity. Identification of multiple components indicates that load monitoring should comprise multiple variables. Additionally, differences in the underlying structure across training days that reflected different goals suggest that effective monitoring should be specific to the demands of different session types.
Versorgungssituation und Mortalität von Patienten in Deutschland innerhalb und außerhalb des DMP Typ-2-Diabetes: eine kritische Analyse
Authors: Samigullin Azat , Hammes Hans-Peter , Siegel Erhard , Helms Thomas , Remppis Bjoern Andrew , Humpert Per Magnus , Morcos Michael 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungTyp-2-Diabetes(T2 D)-Patienten weisen im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung eine erhöhte Sterblichkeit auf. Ein Teil der Patienten ist mit dem Ziel einer besseren Versorgung in das nationale „Disease-Management-Programm Diabetes“ (DMP) Typ-2-Diabetes eingeschlossen. In dieser Arbeit werden Mortalitätsdaten von T2D-Patienten aus der Routineversorgung mit Mortalitätsdaten der Allgemeinbevölkerung und von T2D-Patienten aus verschiedenen Studienkollektiven verglichen. Die Sterblichkeit der deutschen T2D-Patienten insgesamt ist etwa 3,1-fach höher als in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Die Sterblichkeit von deutschen T2D-Patienten innerhalb des DMP ist 2,4-fach höher. Inwieweit sich dieser Mortalitätsunterschied durch einen Selektionsbias oder durch die Teilnahme am DMP selbst erklären lässt, ist mit den verfügbaren Daten nicht eindeutig zu beantworten. Die Tatsache aber, dass im Vergleich dazu das Sterblichkeitsrisiko innerhalb kontrollierter T2D-Interventionsstudien trotz zusätzlicher kardiovaskulärer Komorbidität nochmals niedriger ist, gibt einen wichtigen Hinweis darauf, dass die kardiovaskuläre Pathophysiologie im bisherigen DMP nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt wird und dieser Tatbestand ein wichtiges Verbesserungspotenzial für eine Optimierung des DMP darstellt.
Fenestration of Peritoneal Catheter to Avoid Abdominal Pseudocyst Formation after Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts: A Technical Note
Authors: Scollato Antonio , Trungu Sokol , Forcato Stefano , Ricciardi Luca , Miscusi Massimo , Gallina Pasquale , Raco Antonino 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVentriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is a well-known procedure in the neurosurgical field. However, it has high complication and reoperation rates. Abdominal pseudocyst (APC) formation is a rare complication of VPS with reports in the literature varying from 4 to 10%. In this article, we report a simple and effective technique, with no additional cost, to avoid APC formation by making small multiple slits along the length of the peritoneal catheter.
Microsurgical Resection of Glioblastoma in a Patient Infected with Covid-19: A Case Report
Authors: Macêdo Lívio Pereira de , Franke Kauê , Cezar-Junior Auricélio Batista , Faquini Igor Vilela , Carvalho Eduardo Vieira de , Almeida Nivaldo S. , Azevedo-Filho Hildo Rocha Cirne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected a large number of patients in all countries, overwhelming healthcare systems worldwide. In this scenario, surgical procedures became restricted, causing unacceptable delays in the treatment of certain pathologies, such as glioblastoma. Regarding this tumor with high morbidity and mortality, early surgical treatment is essential to increase the survival and quality of life of these patients. Association between COVID-19 and neurosurgical procedures is quite scarce in the literature, with a few reported cases. In the present study, we present a rare case of a patient undergoing surgical resection of glioblastoma with COVID-19.
Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Complication of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients
Authors: Guo Qiannan , Yang Peiwen , Barnabo Nampoukime Kan-paatib , Ma Ke , Wang Haihao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background At present, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading all over the world. The occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax in these patients might be higher than the fact, and we should pay high clinical attention to them.
Method Data regarding clinical investigation, laboratory investigation, diagnosis, and treatment measures of 21 COVID-19 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax from January to March of 2020 were collected and analyzed in this study.
Results Seven patients had a history of basic lung diseases. All patients used different methods of oxygen therapy before the occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax according to the severity of the COVID-19, including 18 patients with ventilator-assisted breathing, 2 patients with bilevel positive airway pressure assisted breathing, and 1 patient with mask oxygen inhalation. All patients were confirmed cases of COVID-19 by chest CT (computed tomography) and virus nucleic acid detection and were found to have spontaneous pneumothorax through physical examination, bedside X-ray, and/or bedside ultrasound. 13 of 21 patients combined with pleural effusion at the same time. All the patients underwent closed thoracic drainage for spontaneous pneumothorax and the pleural effusion, if any. Nine patients died, and 12 patients recovered smoothly.
Conclusion Spontaneous pneumothorax might be an overlooked complication of COVID-19 patients and may be associated with poor prognosis.
Futuramas of the present: the “driver problem” in the autonomous vehicle sociotechnical imaginary
Authors: Braun Robert , Randell Richard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe visions surrounding “self-driving” or “autonomous” vehicles are an exemplary instance of a sociotechnical imaginary: visions of a future technology that has yet to be developed or is in the process of development. One of the central justifications for the development of autonomous vehicles is the claim that they will reduce automobility related death and injury. Central to this narrative is the assumption that more than 90% of road crashes are the result of “driver error.” This paper describes the process by which this statistic has been constructed within road safety research and subsequently accepted as a received fact. It is one of the principal semiotic components of the autonomous vehicle sociotechnical imaginary: if human drivers are responsible for ~90% of road crashes, autonomous vehicles should in principle be able to reduce road death and injury rates by a similar percentage. In this paper, it is argued that death and injury are not an aggregate of events that can be distributed across the three central variables of traditional road safety research: the driver, the vehicle, and the environment. The autonomous vehicle sociotechnical imaginary has embraced the central assumption of road safety research, that road violence is not an intrinsic property of automobility but is contingent because largely due to driver error. On the basis of this assumption it has been possible to configure autonomous vehicles as the solution to road violence. Although sociotechnical imaginaries are typically oriented towards the future, it is the significance of the autonomous vehicle sociotechnical imaginary in the present that is the focus of this paper. Autonomous vehicles are not the radically transformational technology their proponents claim but simply the most recent of a succession of automobility sociotechnical imaginaries. They are not transformational because their promotion ensures the continued reproduction of more of the same: namely, more automobility.