bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Dizon Mark 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Connections in borderlands had previously existed even during precolonial times, but the closer proximity and meandering mobilities of various borderland actors in the eighteenth century led to more encounters. Despite the prominence of the upland-lowland divide in the mental map of Spaniards and indigenes, increased mobility ensured that the trajectories of the two areas became more entangled than ever. More people converted and apostatized, aligned with, and connived against Spanish colonizers, and visited their friends and attacked their enemies. Whatever people did to avoid disease and death, it became more and more difficult for them to escape the same fate. As networks of cooperating and competing polities, borderlands were in a continuous state of flux and mobility.
The Edwin Fox
Authors: Cothran Boyd , Shubert Adrian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It began as a small, slow, and unadorned sailing vessel—in a word, ordinary. Later, it was a weary workhorse in the age of steam. But the story of the Edwin Fox reveals how an everyday merchant ship drew together a changing world and its people in an extraordinary age of rising empires, sweeping economic transformation, and social change. This fascinating work of global history offers a vividly detailed and engaging narrative of globalization writ small, viewed from the decks and holds of a single vessel. The Edwin Fox connected the lives and histories of millions, though most never even saw it. Built in Calcutta in 1853, the Edwin Fox was chartered by the British navy as a troop transport during the Crimean War. In the following decades, it was sold, recommissioned, and refitted by an increasingly far-flung constellation of militaries and merchants. It sailed to exotic ports carrying luxury goods, mundane wares, and all kinds of people: not just soldiers and officials but indentured laborers brought from China to Cuba, convicts and settlers being transported from the British Empire to western Australia and New Zealand—with dire consequences for local Indigenous peoples—and others. But the power of this story rests in the everyday ways people, nations, economies, and ideas were knitted together in this foundational era of our modern world.
Coolies
Authors: Cothran Boyd , Shubert Adrian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The British interdiction of the slave trade in 1807 and the abolition of slavery in the British empire in 1833, and the simultaneous exponential expansion of plantation agriculture, especially sugar, generated the need for a new source of cheap labor. Indentured labor was the answer, and between 1840 and 1920 more than two million men and women signed contracts of indenture to work in the expanding plantation economies of Mauritius, the British West Indies, Guyana, and Cuba, as well as in the booming guano industry in Peru. Planters and imperial authorities found indentured laborers around the world, but the two main sources were India and China. This chapter explores indentured labor, or coolie, trade between China and Cuba. It discusses how the trade was organized; why Chinese men were open to migrating for work; how they were recruited; their experience on the voyage; and what happened to them after they arrived in Cuba.
Frozen Lamb
Authors: Cothran Boyd , Shubert Adrian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The first shipment of frozen lamb left New Zealand for the United Kingdom in February 1882. Its technical and financial success incorporated the distant British colony into the global food web, and turned frozen meat, as well as cheese and butter, into the life raft of a struggling colonial economy. In the process it would transform New Zealand’s its social structure, its culture, and even its landscape. The role the Edwin Fox played in this trade is the subject of this chapter. In 1885, it made a final voyage to New Zealand, carrying the components of a refrigeration unit in its hold. On arrival, the unit was assembled, and for the next fifteen years the ship served as a floating refrigeration unit in a number of ports. When it was no longer viable in this role, it was used as a dormitory for workers and a coal hulk and a landing stage for the lighters carrying neat to the onshore refrigeration plants.
A helpful and long-overdue resource for work with mountain birds
Authors: Squires Theodore 
Published: December 2024

The newly released textbook, Ecology and Conservation of Mountain Birds (edited by Chamberlain, Lehikoinen & Martin), provides a comprehensive review of the latest knowledge in alpine ornithology. It summarizes the combined knowledge of over 50 subject experts and serves as an excellent reference guide for professionals and students. Here, the layout and contents of the book are reviewed and an unbiased general assesment of the contents are provided. As the global environment continues to see unprecedented changes, this work should serve as a groundbreaking benchmark describing the state of our mountain birds.
Defining Amerindian terms in Richard Hakluyt’s The Principall Nauigations (1589) or when the explorers became lexicographers
Authors: Von der Fecht-Fernández Sara 
Published: December 2024

This paper deals with the incorporation of Amerindian loanwords in Early Modern English through travel literature, a genre that made essential contributions to the Age Discovery. Specifically, it focuses on those texts included in the third volume of Richard Hakluyt’s The Principall Nauigations (1589), the first great travel compilation written in English, which comprises the reports of the American expeditions and, thus, the descriptions of a foreign environment full of unknown elements whose indigenous names were adopted and reproduced in the adventurers’ narratives.
A previous work on this matter has revealed the presence of 25 Amerindian loanwords in the corpus. But what kind of words are these? In order to find an answer, this research aims to classify the Amerindian terms according to the lexical fields they refer to. Thereafter, the analysis of these borrowings in their contexts determines the strategies used by the English travellers to explain their meaning to the readers. Finally, this study explores the similarities between the aforesaid strategies and the defining practices provided by 16th-, 17th- and 18th-century dictionaries, establishing the relevance of English travel writers as active agents in the definition of Amerindian loanwords at the moment of their entrance into the English language.
Architectural insights into and training methodology optimization of Pangu-Weather
Authors: To Deifilia , Quinting Julian , Hoshyaripour Gholam Ali , Götz Markus , Streit Achim , Debus Charlotte 
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Data-driven medium-range weather forecasts have recently outperformed classical numerical weather prediction models, with Pangu-Weather (PGW) being the first breakthrough model to achieve this. The Transformer-based PGW introduced novel architectural components including the three-dimensional attention mechanism (3D Transformer) in the Transformer blocks. Additionally, it features an Earth-specific positional bias term which accounts for weather states being related to the absolute position on Earth. However, the effectiveness of different architectural components is not yet well understood. Here, we reproduce the 24 h forecast model of PGW based on subsampled 6-hourly data. We then present an ablation study of PGW to better understand the sensitivity to the model architecture and training procedure. We find that using a two-dimensional attention mechanism (2D Transformer) yields a model that is more robust to training, converges faster, and produces better forecasts compared to using the 3D Transformer. The 2D Transformer reduces the overall computational requirements by 20 %–30 %. Further, the Earth-specific positional bias term can be replaced with a relative bias, reducing the model size by nearly 40 %. A sensitivity study comparing the convergence of the PGW model and the 2D-Transformer model shows large batch effects; however, the 2D-Transformer model is more robust to such effects. Lastly, we propose a new training procedure that increases the speed of convergence for the 2D-Transformer model by 30 % without any further hyperparameter tuning.
Southern Tradition and the Eccentric Editorial Talent: Gertrude Perry West and the Little Magazine in Southeastern North Carolina—Poetic Thrills (1925–26)
Authors: Porco Alessandro 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
This article provides a historical survey of poet-editor Gertrude Perry West’s Poetic Thrills (1925–1926), a short-lived little magazine materially, socially, and symbolically grounded in North Carolina’s Cape Fear region. West’s editorial policies and practices, geopolitical support for Southern poets (especially women), and strategic use of the magazine format as a vehicle for self-promotion are considered in the context of American modernism and its print culture. The article draws from recent trends in periodical studies, modernist studies, and poetry and poetics, situating West in relation to other well-known women editors of the period.
Experience with assessment of surgeons' preferences in the choice of drainage implants for glaucoma surgery
Authors: Kopchenova Yu. G. , Frolov M. A. , Tolstykh M. P. , Frolov A. M. , Dulani F. T. , Tebueva L. V. , Isaev A. R. 
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE. To examine the professional preferences of surgeons that influence the selection of drainage devices in glaucoma surgery.METHODS. The working hypothesis suggested that the choice of drainage for glaucoma surgery may be influenced by subjective criteria, i.e., the "professional preferences" of ophthalmic surgeons. The study involved a descriptive cross-sectional retrospective survey of 21 ophthalmic surgeons from 8 different clinics who practice drainage surgery for glaucoma. They were asked to subjectively choose the optimal method from the commonly used drainage implants in Russia. Respondents answered standardized open-ended questions. Some questions focused on surgeons' attitudes toward different drainage implants used in Russia (resorbable, partially resorbable, and non-resorbable types).RESULTS. The resorbable drainage Glautex TDA (by HiBiTech LLC) was selected as the drainage of choice by 6 (28.5%) surgeons. The partially resorbable MP drainage (by OOO Makmedi) and the resorbable drainage Xenoplast (by OOO Transkontakt) were chosen by 3 (14%) surgeons each. Ahmed valve was preferred by 4 (19%), Ex-PRESS shunt by 2 (9.5%), and autologous implants by 2 (9.5%): autologous sclera by 1 (4.8%) and anterior lens capsule by 1 (4.8%).CONCLUSION. The most commonly chosen drainage device was Glautex, but 71.5% of the surgeons had other preferences. The working hypothesis was confirmed. The survey results should be considered personal preferences, not a medical consensus on the problem of glaucoma surgery. A comparative, objective analysis of the advantages of one drainage over another based on this simple survey is not possible, as the method does not provide reliable primary results. The surveyed surgeons currently do not have a consensus on the optimal drainage device for glaucoma surgery. Their practices differ significantly, and they did not report reliable data on long-term surgical outcomes. The perspectives and preferences expressed could only be obtained through an anonymized survey.
Impacto de la educación virtual en la presencialidad en estudiantes de educación general básica superior
Authors: Placencia Ibadango Martha Verónica , Manrique Toro Roxana Maribel , Vargas Vera Ramón Miguel , Placencia Ibadango Silvia Maribel , Sarango Bravo Adriana Leonor 
Published: December 2024

Introducción: Con la crisis sanitaria mundial del COVID-19, la educación recibió una transformación radical con respecto a la enseñanza tradicional presencial a una enseñanza virtual, que fue necesario preparar a la comunidad con respecto a la tecnología en los escolares
Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la virtualidad en la formación académica al retorno de la presencialidad.
Material y Métodos: Se toma una muestra censal de 50 estudiantes de una unidad educativa que retornaron a la presencialidad; se diseñó una herramienta observacional del comportamiento del alumnado, evaluando la falta de concentración, el bajo rendimiento académico, las habilidades blandas, que se vieron afectadas por la escasa participación presencial de los alumnos en la escuela.
Resultados: La modalidad demostró no ser optima en el aprendizaje con respecto a la presencial, así observamos que el 91% de estudiantes no aceptaban consigna en el desarrollo de actividades para el aprendizaje. Así mismo observamos que el 26 % de los estudiados le agrada mantener el orden y aseo donde desarrolla sus actividades.
Conclusión: Concluyendo un impacto negativo de la educación virtual a la presencialidad en estudiantes de educación básica superior.
Effect of water and feed quality on certain mineral elements (sodium, calcium, and chloride) in the blood serum of broiler males and females.
Authors: Hussein Mohamed , Al-Shouki Rahman , Al-Saeedi Nawar , Kadhim Saja , Massad Marwa 
Published: December 2024

The study was carried out in one of the local fields in Nasiriyah District, Dhi Qar Governorate, from October 20 to November 25, 2023. To investigate the influence of feed and water quality on the concentration of certain mineral components in the blood serum of male and female broilers, I produced 300 one-day-old, sexed chicks and divided them into six treatments, each with three replicates. The study found that drinking water with RO had significantly higher levels of sodium (p≤0.05) than other water parameters. While there was no effect of the form of food or the sex of the broilers on the experimental parameters, Magnetic and RO water significantly outperformed Tap water in terms of calcium content in broiler blood serum (p≤0.05), Feed type and sex had no effect on the results of the study. The RO water treatment outperformed magnetized and Tap water treatments (p≤0.05) in terms of chloride content in male and female broiler blood serum. The form of feed and gender had no significant effect on the above-mentioned element concentration.
Study of the Values of the “Independence Generation” in Post-Soviet Central Asia
Authors: Dilnoza Kalanova , Lee Ji-eon 
Published: December 2024

This study examines the values of the youth in post-Soviet Uzbekistan. Those born during the era of strong nationalism following Uzbekistan’s independence in 1991 grew up under an education system conducted in Uzbek rather than Russian. This study identifies this group as the “Independence Generation” or the “youth generation” of Uzbekistan and explores how their values differ from those of their parents’ generation, often referred to as the “socialist generation.” The analysis draws on statistical data from the 2008 report “The Youth of the New Uzbekistan: Life Positions and Value Priorities” (published by Ijtimoiy Fikr). The priorities and values of the Uzbek Independence Generation in their personal lives directly shape their core values in broader social contexts. The study reveals that the main values cherished by this generation include health, love, family happiness, interesting and well-paying work, and friendships. Young people emphasize intelligence, responsibility, and self-confidence as essential qualities for realizing universal human values. Additionally, they strive for success in life and believe they can achieve it in fields of personal interest. About half of the youth surveyed had long-term goals, such as running their own business, pursuing education, or creating a happy family. However, the study also identifies challenges faced by the youth, with approximately half already experiencing material prosperity but also expressing concerns about economic insecurity, difficulties in starting a family, and fear of unemployment. The Independence Generation views a successful life as one grounded in moral actions and attitudes, with family formation and child-rearing seen as central life goals. Given Uzbekistan’s youthful population, with an average age of just 27.8 years, the future of the nation will likely be shaped by this generation. The academic significance of this study lies in its potential to inform further research on the values and identity of Uzbek youth. It also aims to serve as foundational material for comparative studies on the Independence Generations across the five Central Asian countries that gained independence during the same period.
Electrical cardioversion and defibrillation with self-adhesive patches compared to paddle electrodes in adult patients. Scoping review
Authors: Navarro Vargas José Ricardo , Navarro Pimiento Diana Camila , Puentes Montenegro Diego Ricardo 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The incidence of cardiac arrest in the United Kingdom is of 55 per 100.000 inhabitants. Of these, only one of every ten patients has access to a defibrillator and shockable rhythm is identified in one of every four patients. Defibrillation is one of the key links in the management of both basic and advanced resuscitation.
Objective: This scoping review aims at reviewing the literature focusing on the effectiveness on self-adhesive patches in electrical therapy for cardiac arrest and the electrical instability in the adult hospital environment.
Methods: Searches were conducted in Medline and Embase until January, 2024, including primary trials (excluding case series and animal studies) and systematic reviews. The participants were hospitalized adult patients requiring electrical cardioversion or defibrillation. The intervention assessed involved the use of self-adhesive patches versus paddle electrodes, to measure effectiveness and safety. The searches were conducted using controlled and non-controlled terms, excluding grey literature. Two of the authors independently reviewed the titles and abstracts and settled any disagreements by consensus. Relevant data were extracted and synthetized on one table for an overall qualitative summary of the outcomes.
Results: Ten references were identified in the literature search. After ruling out duplicates, nine references were reviewed based on title and abstract. Three studies met the inclusion criteria and the complete text was screened. No studies were found which conclusively concluded the effectiveness of self-adhesive patches used in electrical therapy for hospital resuscitation. The studies included fail to discuss safety results of the interventions.
Conclusion: When mapping the topics of intervention, this scoping review has identified the need for further systematic research on the effectiveness of self-adhesive patches for electrical cardioversion and defibrillation in hospital settings. Notwithstanding the evidence supporting electrical therapy to revert unstable tachyarrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia, further studies are needed comparing paddle electrodes versus self-adhesive patches in the hospital setting. Future prospective trials are required to establish the comparative effectiveness of these methods in the hospital management of cardioversion/defibrillation.
NOVEL MATE PREFERENCES IN HUMAN BEINGS INSPIRED OPTIMIZATION AND HYBRIDIZED POMSKY - PYGOSCELIS ANTARCTICUS - PHENGODES SWARM ALGORITHM
Authors: Kanagasabai Lenin 
Published: December 2024

Mate Preferences in Human beings inspired Optimization (MPHO) Algorithm and Hybridized Pomsky -Pygoscelis antarcticus - Phengodes Swarm algorithm (HPPP) are applied for solving the genuine power loss reduction problem. Mate Preferences in Human beings inspired Optimization Algorithm has been designed mathematically based on the mate preferences in Human beings. Criteria of selecting the mate may be depending on social and economic conditions, physical attractiveness, stable and intellectual deeds. This action is scientifically demarcated in the exploration section of the procedure. In the exploitation division, both men and women analyze about the conditions in intensified mode before making a final decision. Pomsky Optimization Algorithm is based on the skilled movement of the Pomsky in examining process. Extraordinary snort possessed by Pomsky through which it can identify the various aromas and by level of barking will disclose about the intimacy near the examining entity. Pygoscelis antarcticus Optimization algorithm is designed by Pygoscelis antarcticus clustering behaviour. In foraging Pygoscelis antarcticus moves in cluster or group. Phengodes swarm optimization algorithm is a new algorithm which stimulated from the light emission behavior of glow worms to attract prey. Phengodes Swarm Optimization Algorithm incorporated with the parallel hybrid mutation which unites the uniform distribution mutation with the Gaussian distribution mutation. In hybridized Pomsky - Pygoscelis antarcticus - Phengodes Swarm (HPPP) algorithm, course of iterations and extraordinary degree of divergence will be there with the orientation of amplification.
The dimensions of social innovation and the roles of social actors within the context of microcredit
Authors: Castelo Joelma Leite , Santos Sandra Maria dos , Silva Filho José Carlos Lázaro da , Silva Clayton Robson Moreira da 
Published: December 2024

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to assess the social innovation arising from the granting of microcredit, as well as the roles played by its social actors.
Methodology: An experience survey was carried out with beneficiaries of the Crediamigo microcredit program/BNB, in Fortaleza, Ceará. In the study, we investigate four dimensions of social innovation: (i) typology; (ii) depth; (iii) coverage; and (iv) social actors.
Originality and Relevance: The study explores the link between microcredit and social innovation, with evidence from an understudied empirical context.
Main Results: The results indicate that the typology is characterized by the implementation of new marketing methods to offer products and services, enabling consumption by people in situations of economic vulnerability. In terms of depth of innovation, the findings show incremental, disruptive, and institutional actions that promote social and economic inclusion with local coverage. As for social actors, we identified three profiles of beneficiaries oriented towards social innovation: “innovators”, “visionaries”, and “conservatives”.
Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study expands the understanding of social innovation regarding the reach/impact of microcredit in local and social development. Moreover, we propose three different profiles of social innovation actors, which can serve as a reference for future research.
Social/management contributions: The study showed that the social innovation actions carried out by the beneficiaries promote socioeconomic inclusion, allowing the generation of additional jobs, empowerment, and improvement in the quality of life, transcending financial aspects.