bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Alterations of Blood Glucose and Cognitive Function by Ketone Injection in Mice
Authors: Cha Hee Yun , Yang Soo Jin 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThe ketogenic diet is defined as a high‐fat and low‐carbohydrate diet, and has been applied to patients with epilepsy, cancer, dementia and obesity. Mounting evidence suggests that ketogenic diet has an anorexigenic effect regulating carbohydrate metabolism and protecting brain function. However, the effects of ketogenic diet have not been clearly proved. This experiment aimed to examine whether ketone injection affects body weight, food intake, glycemic control and cognitive function in mice.MethodsICR male mice (11 weeks of age) were assigned to either control group or ketone group. β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB, 300 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneal injected to ketone group mice for 28 days. After ketone treatment for 28 days, oral glucose tolerance test and nest building test of hippocampus function were performed, and then sacrificed. The serum BHB concentrations were measured using a BHB colorimetric assay kit.ResultsWith the ketone injection, daily food intake and body weight changes were similar between groups. The weights of kidney were significantly increased by 28 days of ketone injection (P = 0.004), whereas, lung (P = 0.014) and spleen (P = 0.046) weights of ketone injection group were significantly lower in comparison with control group. The blood glucose concentrations at 2 hours after a glucose challenge were significantly increased by ketone injection (P = 0.045). During the nest building test, the control group mice barely touched cotton pad, and the untorn pad weights had a tendency to be high in control group mice.ConclusionsIn this experiment, ketone injection altered glycemic control after a glucose challenge, and might improve hippocampus function. Collectively, findings of current experiment indicate that ketogenic diet could be beneficial for maintaining cognitive function.
Tools to Find Glycoproteins in the Protein Data Bank and Generate Realistic 3D Structures for Them
Authors: Woods Robert J. , Montgomery David W. , Young Jasmine , Grant Oliver C. , Wentworth Daniel , Foley B. Lachele 
Published: April 2020

With over 150,000 entries, the worldwide protein data bank (PDB) is the primary repository for 3D macromolecular structure. Unfortunately, structural, annotational, and ambiguity errors exist for carbohydrates throughout the database due in part to the lack of carbohydrate‐specific tools for checking the quality of structures prior to deposition. Our group has partnered with the PDB Biocuration team to assist in the identification and remediation of carbohydrates in their database and we have developed a user‐friendly web interface called GlyFinder to accurately find, retrieve, and assess these glycan and glycoproteins.Using GlyFinder, we have found that 45,852 of the PDB entries contain carbohydrates (30.1% of the PDB). Nearly 6,000 glycoproteins have been identified, with an average of five N‐linked glycans per glycoprotein. Only 415 glycoproteins contained O‐linked glycans, with an average of three O‐linked glycans each. A surprisingly high number of glycoprotein PDBs (500, 7.45%) contain one or more N‐linked glycans that are alpha‐linked to the asparagine, illustrating the unfortunate errors that sometimes exist in the data.Because of such errors, and because the glycans in crystal structures are often truncated, we have also developed tools (Glycoprotein Builder) that can build realistic models of the glycoprotein with intact glycans employing the crystal structure of the protein core. These models allow us to predict the impact of glycosylation on protein function, antigenicity, immunogenicity and stability. We illustrate these capabilities for several proteins, including human Erythropoietin, HIV gp120, and influenza A hemagglutinin.Support or Funding InformationSupport from NIH U01CA221216, U01GM125267, and P41GM103390
Effects of Moderate Ethanol Consumption with a n‐3 Diet on Lipid Profile and Liver Function in Mice
Authors: Giltvedt Kristine G. , Voutour Luciano , Tursellino Brianna , Zella Alexandra , Brasser Susan M. , Hong Mee Young 
Published: April 2020

Several studies have found a non‐linear relationship between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, suggesting that low or moderate consumption of alcohol may provide cardioprotective effects, while excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk of CVD. Studies also suggest that increased dietary consumption of n‐3 fatty acids may reduce CVD risk. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of moderate ethanol consumption as a function of dietary n‐6:n‐3 fatty acid composition on markers associated with cardiovascular disease and liver dysfunction in mice. Twenty‐three mice (12 male, 11 female) consumed an 18% ethanol solution or 26.9% maltose dextrin solution (non‐ethanol isocaloric control) for 12 weeks. In each group, half of the mice were fed either a high n‐6 (n‐6:n‐3 = 50:1) diet or a balanced n‐3 (n‐6:n‐3 = 1:1) diet ad libitum. There were no differences in initial body weight between the two groups; however, the control group gained significantly more weight than the ethanol group (P = 0.020) associated with higher maltose dextrin fluid intake (P < 0.001). In the control group, the balanced n‐3 diet resulted in significantly lower aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (P = 0.010) compared to the high n‐6 diet. In the ethanol group, the balanced n‐3 diet resulted in lower levels of serum triglycerides (P = 0.086), total cholesterol (P= 0.096), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (P = 0.053) that were approaching significance. These findings indicate that a diet with a balanced n‐6 to n‐3 ratio may improve several lipid profile markers associated with CVD in mice who concurrently consume moderate amounts of alcohol.Support or Funding InformationNIH AA023291
NEGR1 may associate with a cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) protein
Authors: YOO ARA 
Published: April 2020

NEGR1 (Neuronal growth regulator 1) is a newly‐identified obesity‐related gene which was initially documented as a commonly down‐regulated gene from various tumor biopsies. Previously, we reported a new role of NEGR1 in cholesterol trafficking by revealing the interaction with a Niemann‐Pick diseases, type C2 (NPC2) protein. Also, intracellular lipid content increased in NEGR1‐deficient cells. In this study, we identified that the transcriptional level of CD36 significantly decreased in NEGR1−/− mouse embryo fibroblast cells. CD36 is a member of the class B scavenger receptor family of cell surface proteins that function in imports of fatty acids across membrane. Subsequent in vivo immunoprecipitation revealed that NEGR1 associates with CD36. Domain analysis revealed that two separate regions of CD36 are important for NEGR1 binding. Altogether, we suggest that NEGR1 may be involved in the regulation of intracellular fatty acid transport by interacting with CD36.Support or Funding InformationKorea Research Foundation
Group Housing of Male Mice Causes a Significant Decrease in Circadian Rhythms and are indicative of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease.
Authors: Brown Nina , Sampson Austin , Richardson Kimberlei , Lee Dexter L. 
Published: April 2020

Changes in day ‐ night time mean arterial pressure (MAP) predict hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. When there is a decrease in day ‐ night time MAP changes, the chances of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases increase significantly. Our hypothesis is that socialization of male mice causes a decrease in the day ‐ night time changes in MAP and heart rate (HR). Male mice, 6 – 8 weeks of age, were implanted with a biotelemetry device from Data Sciences (male mouse in a single cage) or TSE (multiple male mice in a single cage). Day and Night MAP for Data Science mice were 131 ± 0.5 and 157 ± 1.5 mmHg, respectively. Day and Night MAP for TSE mice were 114 ±7.0 and 124 ± 3.6 mmHg, respectively. The change in day and night MAP were 26 ± 2.2 mmHg in Data Science and 8.4 ± 4.0 mmHg in TSE mice. Day and Night time HR for Data Science mice were 482 ± 6 bpm and 505 ± 5.4 bpm, respectively. The change in day and night time HR were 36 ± 6 bpm in Data Science and 51 ± 12 bpm in TSE mice. Data Science mice had a higher MAP than TSE mice, the change in day ‐ night time MAP was less than TSE mice. The change in day and night time HR was also less in Data Science mice. Therefore, socialization of mice decreases day to night change in MAP and are indicative of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.Support or Funding InformationFunding:‐National Institute of Aging Grant (R25). Principal Investigators: Dr. Atanu Duttaroy and Dr. Kebreten Manaye, Howard University ‐National Institutes of Health: 5K01HL092593‐05, Principal Investigator: Dr. Dexter L. Lee‐The Leadership Alliance, Brown University
Food with Specialized Dietary Fiber Sources Improves Clinical Outcomes in Adult Cats with Constipation or Diarrhea
Authors: Wernimont Susan M. , Fritsch Dale A. , Schiefelbein Heidi M. , Brejda John J. , Gross Kathy L. 
Published: April 2020

Changes in gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome composition and metabolism have been identified in many patients with gastrointestinal diseases, and the GI microbiome may play an important role in promoting and maintaining GI health. This study evaluated the efficacy of a fiber‐supplemented Control Food (CF) and a therapeutic food (TF) with specialized plant fibers known to contain antioxidant and polyphenol compounds in cats with constipation or diarrhea. A prospective clinical study was conducted with 44 adult cats, recruited from private veterinary practices across the United States. Cats exhibiting clinical signs of diarrhea or constipation were enrolled in the study. Cats were excluded from this study if they were under 1 year of age, had systemic disease including kidney disease (IRIS stage 3 or greater), had a Body Fat Index less than 20, were unwilling or unable to exclusively consume the study food, had megacolon or were otherwise unlikely to benefit from a fiber supplemented food, chronically used colonic motility drugs, or were currently receiving oral antibiotics or probiotics and were unwilling to discontinue. Enrolled cats were randomized to one of two complete and balanced dry therapeutic foods (25 CF, 19 TF). Fiber sources included CF: cracked pearled barley, ground whole grain corn, dried beet pulp, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) & psyllium seed husk; TF: ground whole grain corn, ground pecan shells, cracked pearled barley, whole grain oats, dried beet pulp, pea fiber, flaxseed, dried citrus pulp, pumpkin, pressed cranberries, FOS & psyllium seed husk. Veterinarians performed physical examinations, evaluated clinical signs of constipation or diarrhea and rated the cat’s response to the study food at days 2, 3, 4, and 28 using a defined scale (Negative Response, Non‐Response, Positive Response, and Complete Response). This study was reviewed & approved by the Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc. Veterinarian evaluations were analyzed using a Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel test with modified ridit scores. Results significant at p<0.05 are reported. The proportion of cats receiving CF rated by the veterinarian as Positive or Complete Response vs. study start was 36% at day 2, 48% at day 3, 60% at day 4, and 69% at day 28 (p=NS); the proportion of cats receiving TF rated by the veterinarian as Positive or Complete Response vs. study start was 42% at day 2, 63% at day 3, 65% at day 4, and 100% at day 28 (p<0.01). TF rapidly and effectively resolved veterinarian‐assessed clinical outcomes in cats with constipation or diarrhea. Fiber sources rich in antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory compounds were more effective than traditional fiber sources in improving clinical response in cats with diarrhea or constipation.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc.
Luteimonas chenhongjianii, a novel species isolated from rectal contents of Tibetan Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae)
Authors: Zhang Gui , Lai Xin-He , Yang Jing , Jin Dong , Pu Ji , Xiong Yanwen , Yang Caixin , Dong Kui , Huang Ying , Luo Xuelian , Lu Shan , Xu Jianguo 
Published: April 2020

Two Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, bright-yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacteria (strains 100069 and 100111T) with a single polar flagellum were isolated from the rectal contents of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). Based on the results of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analyses, strains 100069 and 100111T belong to the genus

Luteimonas

, and are closest to

Luteimonas rhizosphaerae

4-12T (98.02 % similarity),

Luteimonas aestuarii

B9T (97.8 %) and

Luteimonas terrae

THG-MD21T (97.74 %). The DNA G+C contents of these two isolates were 68.30 mol% and 68.29 mol%, respectively. The highest average nucleotide identity (ANI) value between strain 100111T and its closely related species was 83.34 %, well below the threshold of 95–96 %. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C11 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1
ω9. Polar lipid content was dominated by diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. Ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) was the predominant respiratory quinone. These two isolates grew optimally at 35–37 °C, pH 7.0–8.0 and with 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The results of ANI analysis and other characteristics obtained from our polyphasic study showed that strains 100069 and 100111T represent a novel species in genus

Luteimonas

, for which the name Luteimonas chenhongjianii sp. nov. (type strain 100111T=DSM 104077T=CGMCC 1.16429T) is proposed.
The Melanoma Genomics Managing Your Risk Study randomised controlled trial: Statistical Analysis Plan
Authors: Lo Serigne N , Smit Amelia K , Espinoza David , Cust Anne E 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Melanoma Genomics Managing Your Risk Study is a randomised controlled trial that aims to evaluate the efficacy of providing information on personal genomic risk of melanoma in reducing ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure, stratified by traditional risk group (low or high phenotypic risk) in the general population. The primary outcome is objectively measured total daily Standard Erythemal Doses at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include UV exposure at specific time periods, self-reported sun protection and skin-examination behaviors, psychosocial outcomes, and ethical considerations surrounding offering genomic testing at a population level. A within-trial and modelled economic evaluation will be undertaken from an Australian health system perspective to assess the cost-effectiveness of the intervention.ObjectiveTo publish the pre-determined statistical analysis plan (SAP) before database lock and the start of analysis.MethodsThis SAP describes the data synthesis, analysis principles and statistical procedures for analysing the outcomes from this trial. The SAP was approved after closure of recruitment and before completion of patient follow-up. It outlines the planned primary analyses and a range of subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Health economic outcomes are not included in this plan but will be analysed separately. The SAP will be adhered to for the final data analysis of this trial to avoid potential analysis bias that may arise from knowledge of the outcome data.ResultsThis SAP is consistent with best practice and will enable transparent reporting.ConclusionThis SAP has been developed for the Melanoma Genomics Managing Your Risk Study and will be followed to ensure high-quality standards of internal validity and to minimise analysis bias.Trial registrationProspectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000691347 (date registered: 15/05/2017).
SARS-COV-2 comorbidity network and outcome in hospitalized patients in Crema, Italy
Authors: Benelli Gianpaolo , Buscarini Elisabetta , Canetta Ciro , Piana Giuseppe La , Merli Guido , Scartabellati Alessandro , Viganò Giovanni , Sfogliarini Roberto , Melilli Giovanni , Assandri Roberto , Cazzato Daniele , Rossi Davide Sebastiano , Usai Susanna , Caldarelli Guido , Gili Tommaso , Tramacere Irene , Pellegata Germano , Lauria Giuseppe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNo systematic data on hospitalized SARS-COV-2 patients from Western countries are available. We report onset, course, correlations with comorbidities, and diagnostic accuracy of nasopharyngeal swab in 539 individuals suspected to carry SARS-COV-2 admitted to the hospital of Crema, Italy. All individuals underwent clinical and laboratory exams, SARS-COV-2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swab, and chest X-ray and/or computed tomography (CT). Data on onset, course, comorbidities, number of drugs including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin-II-receptor antagonists (sartans), follow-up swab, pharmacological treatments, non-invasive respiratory support, ICU admission, and deaths were recorded. Among 411 SARS-COV-2 patients (66.6% males) median age was 70.5 years (range 1-99). Chest CT was performed in 317 (77.2%) and showed interstitial pneumonia in 304 (96%). Fatality rate was 17.5% (74% males), with 6.6% in 60-69 years old, 21.1% in 70-79 years old, 38.8% in 80-89 years old, and 83.3% above 90 years. No death occurred below 60 years. Non-invasive respiratory support rate was 27.2% and ICU admission 6.8%. Older age, cough and dyspnea at onset, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, renal insufficiency, >7 drugs intake and positive X-ray, low lymphocyte count, high C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase values, and low PO2 partial pressure with high lactate at arterial blood gas analysis at admission were significantly associated with death. Use of ACE inhibitors or sartans was not associated with outcomes. Comorbidity network analysis revealed homogenous distribution of deceased and 60-80 aged SARS-COV-2 patients across diseases. Among 128 swab negative patients at admission (63.3% males) median age was 67.7 years (range 1-98). Chest CT was performed in 87 (68%) and showed interstitial pneumonia in 76 (87.3%). Follow-up swab turned positive in 13 of 32 patients. Using chest CT at admission as gold standard on the entire study population of 539 patients, nasopharyngeal swab had 80% sensitivity. SARS-CoV-2 caused high mortality among patients older than 60 years and correlated with pre- existing multiorgan impairment. ACE inhibitors and sartans did not influence patients’ outcome.
Crowding and the epidemic intensity of COVID-19 transmission
Authors: Rader Benjamin , Nande Anjalika , Adlam Ben , Hill Alison L. , Reiner Robert C. , Pigott David M. , Gutierrez Bernardo ,   COVID-19 data working group, Brownstein John S. , Castro Marcia C. , Tian Huaiyu , Pybus Oliver G. , Scarpino Samuel V. , Kraemer Moritz UG 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is straining public health systems worldwide and major non-pharmaceutical interventions have been implemented to slow its spread1-4. During the initial phase of the outbreak the spread was primarily determined by human mobility5,6. Yet empirical evidence on the effect of key geographic factors on local epidemic spread is lacking7. We analyse highly-resolved spatial variables for cities in China together with case count data in order to investigate the role of climate, urbanization, and variation in interventions across China. Here we show that the epidemic intensity of COVID-19 is strongly shaped by crowding, such that epidemics in dense cities are more spread out through time, and denser cities have larger total incidence. Observed differences in epidemic intensity are well captured by a metapopulation model of COVID-19 that explicitly accounts for spatial hierarchies. Densely-populated cities worldwide may experience more prolonged epidemics. Whilst stringent interventions can shorten the time length of these local epidemics, although these may be difficult to implement in many affected settings.
Temporal detection and phylogenetic assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in municipal wastewater
Authors: Nemudryi Artem , Nemudraia Anna , Wiegand Tanner , Surya Kevin , Buyukyoruk Murat , Vanderwood Karl K , Wilkinson Royce , Wiedenheft Blake 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2 has recently been detected in feces, which indicates that wastewater may be used to monitor viral prevalence in the community. Here we use RT-qPCR to monitor wastewater for SARS-CoV-2 RNA over a 52-day time course. We show that changes in SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations correlate with local COVID-19 epidemiological data (R2=0.9), though detection in wastewater trails symptom onset dates by 5-8 days. We determine a near complete (98.5%) SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence from the wastewater and use phylogenic analysis to infer viral ancestry. Collectively, this work demonstrates how wastewater can be used as a proxy to monitor viral prevalence in the community and how genome sequencing can be used for high-resolution genotyping of the predominant strains circulating in a community.
Combined use of absolutely quantitated cyclin D1 and Ki67 protein levels to improve prognosis of Luminal-like breast cancer
Authors: Hao Junmei , Zhang Wenfeng , Lv Yan , Zou Jiarui , Zhang Yunyun , Lv Jiahong , Xie Shuishan , Zhang Cuiping , Zhang Jiandi , Tang Fangrong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeBoth Ki67 and cyclin D1 are routinely used protein biomarkers of cell proliferation for breast cancer patients. Ki67 is used to differentiate Luminal A-like from Luminal-B like subtype in surrogate assay. These two proliferative factors are investigated in this retrospective study to evaluate their prognostic role on the overall survival (OS) of Luminal-like breast cancer patients.MethodThe cyclin D1 protein level was measured absolutely and quantitatively using Quantitative Dot Blot (QDB) method in 143 Luminal-like FFPE breast cancer specimens. An optimized cutoff at 0.71 μmole/g was identified and used to separate these specimens into cyclin D1 high and low groups alone, or in combination with Ki67, for overall survival (OS) analyses of these patients.ResultsCyclin D1 was found to be an independent prognostic factor from Ki67 in univariate and multivariate analysis. When both biomarkers were used to separate these Luminal-like specimens, the group with low expression of both biomarkers (n=52) had significantly improved 10 year survival probability at 94%, while the one with high expression of both markers (n=34) were at 41% based on Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of OS (Log rank test p<0.0001).ConclusionWe demonstrated cyclin D1 as an independent prognostic protein biomarker from Ki67 for Luminal-like breast cancers. The combined usage of cyclin D1 and Ki67 significantly improved the prognosis over current prevailing surrogate assay. We propose to incorporate cyclin D1 in surrogate assay to improve prognosis for Luminal-like breast cancer patients in future clinical practice.