bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the deuteron induced nuclear reaction cross sections on lutetium up to 50 MeV: review of production routes for 177Lu, 175Hf and 172Hf via charged particle activation
Authors: Tárkányi F. , Takács S. , Ditrói F. , Hermanne A. , Adam-Rebeles R. , Ignatyuk A. V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn a systematic study of light charged particle induced nuclear reactions we investigated the excitation functions of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on natural lutetium targets. Experimental excitation functions up to 50 MeV on high purity natLu were determined using the standard stacked foil activation technique. High resolution off-line gamma-ray spectrometry was applied to assess the activity of each foil. From the measured activity direct and/or cumulative elemental cross-section data for production of 171,172,173,175Hf, 171,172,173,174g,176m,177m,177gLu and 169Yb radioisotopes were determined. The experimental data were compared to results of the TALYS theoretical code taken from the TENDL databases and results of our calculations using the ALICE-IPPE-D and the EMPIRE-D codes. No earlier experimental data were found in the literature. Thick target yields for the investigated radionuclides were calculated from the measured excitation functions.
Approximations for the Boundary Crossing Probabilities of Moving Sums of Random Variables
Authors: Noonan Jack , Zhigljavsky Anatoly 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper we study approximations for the boundary crossing probabilities of moving sums of i.i.d. normal random variables. We approximate a discrete time problem with a continuous time problem allowing us to apply established theory for stationary Gaussian processes. By then subsequently correcting approximations for discrete time, we show that the developed approximations are very accurate even for a small window length. Also, they have high accuracy when the original r.v. are not exactly normal and when the weights in the moving window are not all equal. We then provide accurate and simple approximations for ARL, the average run length until crossing the boundary.
Designing Biodegradable Wafers Based on Poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) and Poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone) for the Prolonged and Local Release of Idarubicin for the Therapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Turek Artur , Stoklosa Katarzyna , Borecka Aleksandra , Paul-Samojedny Monika , Kaczmarczyk Bożena , Marcinkowski Andrzej , Kasperczyk Janusz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The blood-brain barrier limits the application of idarubicin in the therapy of glioblastoma multiforme. Biodegradable, intracranial wafers with prolonged release may increase therapy efficiency.

Methods
Blank wafers, wafers containing 5% w/w and 10% w/w of idarubicin were formulated by solution casting from poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone). The following methods were used: NMR, GPC, DSC, FTIR, AFM, UV-VIS, and a viability and proliferation assay for idarubicin action (U87MG cell line).

Results
Wafers showed a surface with numerous immersions and hills. A lack of interactions between idarubicin and the copolymers was observed. The substance was entrapped in the matrix and released in two phases for all wafers with the appropriate bolus and maintenance dose. The burst effect was observed for all wafers, however, the biggest bolus for poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) wafers containing 5% w/w of idarubicin was noted. The stable and steady degradation of poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone) wafers containing 5% w/w of idarubicin ensures the most optimal release profile and high inhibition of proliferation.

Conclusions
Copolymer wafers with idarubicin are an interesting proposition with great potential for the local treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. The release rate and dose may be regulated by the amount and kind of wafers for various effects.
Phase I pharmacological study of continuous chronomodulated capecitabine treatment
Authors: Roosendaal Jeroen , Jacobs Bart A. W. , Pluim Dick , Rosing Hilde , de Vries Niels , van Werkhoven Erik , Nuijen Bastiaan , Beijnen Jos H. , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Schellens Jan H. M. , Marchetti Serena 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Capecitabine is an oral pre-pro-drug of the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The biological activity of the 5-FU degrading enzyme, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and the target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS), are subject to circadian rhythmicity in healthy volunteers. The aim of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of capecitabine therapy adapted to this circadian rhythm (chronomodulated therapy).

Methods
Patients aged ≥18 years with advanced solid tumours potentially benefitting from capecitabine therapy were enrolled. A classical dose escalation 3 + 3 design was applied. Capecitabine was administered daily without interruptions. The daily dose was divided in morning and evening doses that were administered at 9:00 h and 24:00 h, respectively. The ratio of the morning to the evening dose was 3:5 (morning: evening). PK and PD were examined on treatment days 7 and 8.

Results
A total of 25 patients were enrolled. The MTD of continuous chronomodulated capecitabine therapy was established at 750/1250 mg/m2/day, and was generally well tolerated. Circadian rhythmicity in the plasma PK of capecitabine, dFCR, dFUR and 5-FU was not demonstrated. TS activity was induced and DPD activity demonstrated circadian rhythmicity during capecitabine treatment.

Conclusion
The MTD of continuous chronomodulated capecitabine treatment allows for a 20% higher dose intensity compared to the approved regimen (1250 mg/m2 bi-daily on day 1–14 of every 21-day cycle). Chronomodulated treatment with capecitabine is promising and could lead to improved tolerability and efficacy of capecitabine.
Option-implied information: What’s the vol surface got to do with it?
Authors: Ulrich Maxim , Walther Simon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe find that option-implied information such as forward-looking variance, skewness and the variance risk premium are sensitive to the way the volatility surface is constructed. For some state-of-the-art volatility surfaces, the differences are economically surprisingly large and lead to systematic biases, especially for out-of-the-money put options. Estimates for risk-neutral variance differ across volatility surfaces by more than 10% on average, leading to variance risk premium estimates that differ by 60% on average. The variations are even larger for risk-neutral skewness. To overcome this problem, we propose a volatility surface that is built with a one-dimensional kernel regression. We assess its statistical accuracy relative to existing state-of-the-art parametric, semi- and non-parametric volatility surfaces by means of leave-one-out cross-validation, including the volatility surface of OptionMetrics. Based on 14 years of end-of-day and intraday S&P 500 and Euro Stoxx 50 option data we conclude that the proposed one-dimensional kernel regression represents option market information more accurately than existing approaches of the literature.
Gesundheit in der Stadt und auf dem Land
Authors: Schneider Sven , Holzwarth Bärbel 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ein Erklärungsmodell gesundheitlicher Ungleichheiten zwischen Stadt und Land fehlt bis dato.

Fragestellung
In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden gesundheitsrelevante Unterschiede zwischen städtischen und ländlichen Umwelten identifiziert und erstmals in einem interdisziplinären Modell systematisiert.

Methodik
Es werden gesundheitsrelevante Determinanten auf Mikro‑, Meso- und Makroebene aus der bundesdeutschen Literatur gesichtet und vorgestellt. Dabei werden städtische und ländliche Umwelten auf der Mesoebene verortet und diese weiter in natürliche, physisch gebaute sowie psychosoziale und ökonomische Umwelteinflüsse differenziert.

Ergebnisse
Bezüglich Mikroklima, Lärmexposition und Luftschadstoffbelastung finden sich auf dem Land günstigere Lebensbedingungen. Dagegen ist dort die Pollen- und Ozonbelastung im Vergleich zur Stadt höher. Hinsichtlich der natürlichen Umwelteinflüsse sind außerdem im innerstädtischen Vergleich zentrale Wohnlagen am stärksten belastet. Die physisch gebaute Umwelt zeichnet sich auf dem Land einerseits durch geringere Verkehrsunfallrisiken und andererseits durch Defizite bei gesundheitsrelevanten Infrastrukturen aus. Bezüglich der psychosozialen Umwelt finden sich auf dem Land zum einen dichtere soziale Netzwerke und zum anderen geringere Kriminalitätsrisiken. Dagegen stehen ländlichen Regionen geringere ökonomische Ressourcen zur Verfügung.

Schlussfolgerung
Innerhalb aller berücksichtigten Dimensionen, der natürlichen Umwelt, der physisch gebauten sowie der psychosozialen und ökonomischen Umwelt, finden sich einige auf dem Land und einige in der Stadt tendenziell günstigere Verhältnisse. Darüber hinaus unterscheiden sich die innerstädtischen Rand- und Zentrumslagen in Bezug auf gesundheitsrelevante Belastungen und Ressourcen.
Template attacks on nano-scale CMOS devices
Authors: Richter Bastian , Moradi Amir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProfiled attacks are widely considered to be the most powerful form of side-channel analysis attacks. A common form is known as Gaussian template attacks which fit a Gaussian distribution to better model the behavior of the target device. Since profiled attacks build the model based on a device identical to the target device, manufacturing variances are an important factor for the success of such attacks. With shrinking the feature size, the influence of manufacturing variation on the power consumption of integrated circuits increases. It has been warned that this issue might render template attacks less effective. We evaluate this assumption on an ASIC design manufactured in 40 nm technology. We characterize the introduced variation and show that these can be easily mitigated. By performing attacks on multiple samples of the same ASIC, we show that template attacks on small technology sizes are still successful.
On metrizable subspaces and quotients of non-Archimedean spaces $$C_p(X, {\mathbb {K}})$$
Authors: Ka̧kol Jerzy , Śliwa Wiesław 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLet$${\mathbb {K}}$$Kbe a non-trivially valued non-Archimedean complete field. Let$$\ell _{\infty }({\mathbb {N}}, {\mathbb {K}})$$ℓ∞(N,K)[$$\ell _c({\mathbb {N}}, {\mathbb {K}});$$ℓc(N,K);$$c_0({\mathbb {N}}, {\mathbb {K}})$$c0(N,K)] be the space of all sequences in$${\mathbb {K}}$$Kthat are bounded [relatively compact; convergent to 0] with the topology of pointwise convergence (i.e. with the topology induced from$${\mathbb {K}}^{{\mathbb {N}}}$$KN). LetXbe an infinite ultraregular space and let$$C_p(X,{\mathbb {K}})$$Cp(X,K)be the space of all continuous functions fromXto$${\mathbb {K}}$$Kendowed with the topology of pointwise convergence. It is easy to see that$$C_p(X,{\mathbb {K}})$$Cp(X,K)is metrizable if and only ifXis countable. We show that for anyX[with an infinite compact subset] the space$$C_p(X,{\mathbb {K}})$$Cp(X,K)has an infinite-dimensional [closed] metrizable subspace isomorphic to$$c_0({\mathbb {N}}, {\mathbb {K}})$$c0(N,K). Next we prove that$$C_p(X,{\mathbb {K}})$$Cp(X,K)has a quotient isomorphic to$$c_0({\mathbb {N}}, {\mathbb {K}})$$c0(N,K)if and only if it has a complemented subspace isomorphic to$$c_0({\mathbb {N}}, {\mathbb {K}})$$c0(N,K). It follows that for any extremally disconnected compact spaceXthe space$$C_p(X,{\mathbb {K}})$$Cp(X,K)has no quotient isomorphic to the space$$c_0({\mathbb {N}}, {\mathbb {K}})$$c0(N,K); in particular, for any infinite discrete spaceDthe space$$C_p(\beta D, {\mathbb {K}})$$Cp(βD,K)has no quotient isomorphic$$c_0({\mathbb {N}}, {\mathbb {K}})$$c0(N,K). Finally we investigate the question for whichXthe space$$C_p(X,{\mathbb {K}})$$Cp(X,K)has an infinite-dimensional metrizable quotient. We show that for any infinite discrete spaceDthe space$$C_p(\beta D, {\mathbb {K}})$$Cp(βD,K)has an infinite-dimensional metrizable quotient isomorphic to some subspace$$\ell _c^0({\mathbb {N}}, {\mathbb {K}})$$ℓc0(N,K)of$${\mathbb {K}}^{{\mathbb {N}}}$$KN. If$${\mathbb {K}}$$Kis locally compact then$$\ell _c^0({\mathbb {N}}, {\mathbb {K}})=\ell _{\infty }({\mathbb {N}}, {\mathbb {K}})$$ℓc0(N,K)=ℓ∞(N,K). If$$|n1_{{\mathbb {K}}}|\ne 1$$|n1K|≠1for some$$n\in {\mathbb {N}}$$n∈N, then$$\ell _c^0({\mathbb {N}}, {\mathbb {K}})=\ell _c ({\mathbb {N}}, {\mathbb {K}}).$$ℓc0(N,K)=ℓc(N,K).In particular,$$C_p(\beta D, {\mathbb {Q}}_q)$$Cp(βD,Qq)has a quotient isomorphic to$$\ell _{\infty }({\mathbb {N}}, {\mathbb {Q}}_q)$$ℓ∞(N,Qq)and$$C_p(\beta D, {\mathbb {C}}_q)$$Cp(βD,Cq)has a quotient isomorphic to$$\ell _c({\mathbb {N}}, {\mathbb {C}}_q)$$ℓc(N,Cq)for any prime numberq.
A value-theoretic approach to economic dynamics and evolution—synthesizing different Marxian modules in a simulation model
Authors: Beckenbach Frank 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis part is devoted to simulation experiments based on the simulation model developed in part I from the value-theoretic reconstruction of the main parts of Marx’s critique of Political Economy. After introducing the main parameters and the range of their variation (Section 1), a singular run as well as a sensitivity analysis for the chosen standard configuration (‘moderation regime’) is presented in Section 2. This is accomplished by configurations depicting characteristics of the capitalist development emphasized by Marx, i.e. the social conflict regime (Section 3) and the crisis regime (Section 4). Finally, an assessment of the simulation results (Section 4) is given, and conclusions as well as research requirements are discussed (Section 5).
Delayed Primary and Specialty Care: The Coronavirus Disease–2019 Pandemic Second Wave
Authors: Weinstein Eric , Ragazzoni Luca , Burkle Frederick , Allen Mea , Hogan David , Della Corte Francesco 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTTime is of the essence to continue the pandemic disaster cycle with a comprehensive post-COVID-19 health care delivery system RECOVERY analysis, plan and operation at the local, regional and state level.The second wave of COVID-19 pandemic response are not the ripples of acute COVID-19 patient clusters that will persist until a vaccine strategy is designed and implemented to effect herd immunity. The COVID-19 second wave are the patients that have had their primary and specialty care delayed. This exponential wave of patients requires prompt health care delivery system planning and response.
Avitograptus species (Graptolithina) from the Hirnantian (uppermost Ordovician) Anji Biota of South China and the evolution of Akidograptus and Parakidograptus
Authors: Muir Lucy A. , Zhang Yuandong , Botting Joseph P. , Ma Xuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe latest Ordovician to earliest Silurian graptolite Avitograptus avitus is important in the biostratigraphy of the Ordovician–Silurian boundary interval. Two additional species of Avitograptus are described from the sponge-dominated Anji Biota of the Upper Ordovician Wenchang Formation (Metabolograptus persculptus Biozone) of Zhejiang Province, South China. One species, Avitograptus akidomorphus new species, is new; the other, Avitograptus acanthocystus new combination, which was previously placed in Climacograptus, is herein assigned to Avitograptus. The former species may represent the ancestral akidograptid because it is identical in thecal form to Akidograptus, but differs in the development of the proximal end. The evolutionary changes from Avitograptus avitus to Akidograptus and Parakidograptus involved distal movement of the origins of th11 and th12, thecal elongation, and greater outward inclination of the thecal walls.UUID: http://zoobank.org/81c433a0-9069-48d2-ae72-1267400cbf77.
New data and synthesis of ΔR estimates from the northern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Khasanov Bulat F. , Fitzhugh Ben , Nakamura Toshio , Okuno Mitsuru , Hatfield Virginia , Krylovich Olga A. , Vasyukov Dmitry , West Dixie L. , Zendler Ekaterina , Savinetsky Arkady B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present new data on regional correction factor (ΔR) conducted for Chukotka, the Commander Islands, and the western Aleutian Islands and summarize data previously published for the other parts of the region. Paired radiocarbon dates of coeval marine and terrestrial materials from the archaeological site Kaniskak were obtained in Chukotka, and one such pair was analyzed from Shemya Island (western Aleutians). Three samples of sea otter (Enhydra lutris) bones of known collection date were used for the Commander Islands. In conjunction with previously published data, the new results showed that ΔR estimates conducted for the five regions of the northern Pacific do not differ statistically. ΔR assessments combined for archaeological sites resulted in probability density curves of the same shape as that of marine organisms. Comparison of ΔR estimates made with various species of marine animals showed that sea otters and small fishes residing within coastal waters throughout their life histories are better suited for ΔR measurements than migrating seals, on the one hand, and the shells of sedentary organisms, on the other. The study provides additional support to the hypothesis that the northern Pacific is characterized by the same reservoir offset, which we estimate as 525 ± 75 yr.
Predictors of decline in vitamin D status in middle-aged and elderly individuals: a 5-year follow-up study
Authors: Nakamura Kazutoshi , Kitamura Kaori , Watanabe Yumi , Saito Toshiko , Takahashi Akemi , Kobayashi Ryosaku , Oshiki Rieko , Kabasawa Keiko , Takachi Ribeka , Tsugane Shoichiro , Iki Masayuki , Sasaki Ayako , Watanabe Kei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLittle is known about predictors of decline in vitamin D status (vitamin D decline) over time. We aimed to determine demographic and lifestyle variables associated with vitamin D decline by sufficiently controlling for seasonal effects of vitamin D uptake in a middle-aged to elderly population. Using a longitudinal study design within the larger framework of the Murakami Cohort Study, we examined 1044 individuals aged between 40 and 74 years, who provided blood samples at baseline and at 5-year follow-up, the latter of which were taken on a date near the baseline examination (±14 d). Blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were determined with the Liaison® 25OH Vitamin D Total Assay. A self-administered questionnaire collected demographic, body size and lifestyle information. Vitamin D decline was defined as the lowest tertile of 5-year changes in blood 25(OH)D (Δ25(OH)D) concentration (<6·7 nmol/l). Proportions of those with vitamin D decline were 182/438 (41·6 %) in men and 166/606 (27·4 %) in women (P < 0·0001). In men, risk of vitamin D decline was significantly lower in those with an outdoor occupation (P = 0·0099) and those with the highest quartile of metabolic equivalent score (OR 0·34; 95 % CI 0·14, 0·83), and higher in those with ‘university or higher’ levels of education (OR 2·92; 95 % CI 1·04, 8·19). In women, risk of vitamin D decline tended to be lower with higher levels of vitamin D intake (Pfor trend = 0·0651) and green tea consumption (Pfor trend = 0·0025). Predictors of vitamin D decline differ by sex, suggesting that a sex-dependent intervention may help to maintain long-term vitamin D levels.
On topological approaches to the Jacobian conjecture in ℂn
Authors: Braun Francisco , Dias Luis Renato Gonçalves , Venato-Santos Jean 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe obtain a new theorem for the non-properness set $S_f$ of a non-singular polynomial mapping $f:\mathbb C^n \to \mathbb C^n$. In particular, our result shows that if f is a counterexample to the Jacobian conjecture, then $S_f\cap Z \neq \emptyset $, for every hypersurface Z dominated by $\mathbb C^{n-1}$ on which some non-singular polynomial $h: \mathbb C^{n}\to \mathbb C$ is constant. Also, we present topological approaches to the Jacobian conjecture in $\mathbb C^n$. As applications, we extend bidimensional results of Rabier, Lê and Weber to higher dimensions.
Association between age at menarche and age at menopause among women of an indigenous population of North Bengal, India
Authors: Sinha Isita , Tigga Pushpalata , Mondal Nitish , Sen Jaydip 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMenarche and menopause are two major components of a woman’s reproductive life. Ages at menarche and menopause vary widely between and within populations and are influenced by various factors, both genetic and environmental. The present community-based cross-sectional investigation aimed to assess the association between ages at menarche and natural menopause among women belonging to the indigenous Rajbanshi population of North Bengal, India. The investigation was carried out from January 2015 to May 2015 among 510 Rajbanshi women aged between 45 and 55 years residing in the district of Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. A structured schedule was used to collect data on ages at menarche and natural menopause, marital status, parity, education, age of first and last pregnancies, duration of breastfeeding, nature of occupation, health status, smoking and monthly family income. Anthropometric measurements of height and weight were recorded and Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated. The statistical analyses, which included descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression (BLR), were done using SPSS. The women’s mean age of menarche and median age of natural menopause were 12.52 years and 50 years, respectively. The BLR analysis indicated that education, age at first pregnancy had significant effects on the age at natural menopause among women who experienced menarche at <12 years of age (p<0.05). In the case of women who attained menarche at ≥12 years of age, marital status, age at last pregnancy, parity, education, duration of breastfeeding, smoking, occupation, monthly income and BMI had a greater influence on age at natural menopause. There appears to be an indirect association between age at menarche and age at natural menopause, along with different predictor variables, among the Rajbanshi women.