bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prepare to adapt: blood supply and transfusion support during the first 2 weeks of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic affecting Washington State
Authors: Pagano Monica B. , Hess John R. , Tsang Hamilton C. , Staley Elizabeth , Gernsheimer Terry , Sen Nina , Clark Christine , Nester Theresa , Bailey Curt , Alcorn Kirsten 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUNDThe first coronavirus (COVID‐19) case was reported in United States in the state of Washington, approximately 3 months after the outbreak in Wuhan, China. Three weeks later, the US federal government declared the pandemic a national emergency. The number of confirmed COVID‐19 positive cases increased rather rapidly and changed routine daily activities of the community.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis brief report describes the response from the hospital, the regional blood center, and the hospital‐based transfusion services to the events that took place in the community during the initial phases of the pandemic.RESULTSIn Washington State, the first week of March started with four confirmed cases and ended with 150; by the end of the second week of March there were more than 700 cases of confirmed COVID‐19. During the first week, blood donations dropped significantly. Blood units provided from blood centers of nonaffected areas of the country helped keep inventory stable and allow for routine hospital operations. The hospital‐based transfusion service began prospective triaging of blood orders to monitor and prioritize blood usage. In the second week, blood donations recovered, and the hospital postponed elective procedures to ensure staff and personal protective equipment were appropriate for the care of critical patients.CONCLUSIONAs community activities are disrupted and hospital activities switch from routine operations to pandemic focused and urgent care oriented, the blood supply and usage requires a number of transformations.
Formulae to correct sodium concentrations for serum water fraction in cases of hypo‐ and hyperproteinemia in cats
Authors: Evans Samantha J. M. , Truelove Matthew P. , Tebbe Nicole A. , Mollenkopf Dixie F. , Radin M. Judith , Santangelo Kelly S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBiochemistry analyzers in many high‐throughput laboratories use indirect potentiometry to determine serum electrolyte concentrations, which involves a pre‐analytical dilution step that may be associated with artifactual increases or decreases in electrolyte concentrations under circumstances of altered serum water fraction (SWF). Severe hypo‐ and hyperproteinemia, conditions that cause altered SWF, are recognized but under‐emphasized causes of falsely measured serum sodium concentrations.ObjectivesThe goals of this study were to determine the average actual SWF (SWFA) and establish formulae to correct serum sodium concentration measured by indirect potentiometry in hypo‐ and hyperproteinemic cats.MethodsSerum samples from 112 feline patients were analyzed for electrolytes (measured by both indirect and direct potentiometry), total protein, albumin, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Each serum sample was also lyophilized to determine the SWFA. A feline‐specific formula to estimate SWF (SWFE‐FEL) was developed and evaluated with a multivariable linear model.ResultsThe mean SWFA in this population of cats was 91.2%, which was significantly different (P < .0001) than the mean (93.9%) calculated using the human estimated formula (SWFE‐HUM). The formula devised for the SWFE‐FEL better recapitulated the SWFA than did the SWFE‐HUM, and the corrected sodium concentrations calculated using the feline formula were better correlated with serum sodium measured by direct potentiometry than those determined using the human formula.ConclusionsApplication of feline‐specific formulae is expected to limit the misinterpretation of electrolyte data from indirect potentiometry when altered SWF occurs. To demonstrate this, a case example of a hypoproteinemic cat is provided.
Sensitivity of mountain catchments to global warming: a case study of the San Basin, Poland
Authors: Kędra Mariola 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn changing climatic conditions with rising surface air temperatures mountain regions with their characteristic environment and accumulated snow deserve special attention and sustainable management. To investigate the sensitivity of mountain catchments to global warming, this study explores potential trends for hydro‐climatic variables between 1957 and 2016 (60 years). Based on the Mann‐Kendall test results, upward trends in air temperature were found from April to August; they are accompanied by less frequent but significant trends in precipitation (P), with increases in P for January and May, but a decrease for December. For river flow, significant upward trends were identified only for January, in line with P trends. In addition, comparative analyses of changes for two 30‐year periods (1987–2016 vs. 1957–1986) corroborate the main change directions and provide detailed information for more realistic future land and water management in the mountain catchments studied.
Sex‐specific metabolic responses to 6 hours of fasting during the active phase in young mice
Authors: Freire Therese , Senior Alistair M. , Perks Ruth , Pulpitel Tamara , Clark Ximonie , Brandon Amanda E. , Wahl Devin , Hatchwell Luke , Le Couteur David G. , Cooney Gregory J. , Larance Mark , Simpson Stephen J. , Solon‐Biet Samantha M. 
Published: March 2020

Key points
Night time/active phase food restriction for 6 h impaired glucose intolerance in young male and female mice.
Females displayed increased capacity for lipogenesis and triglyceride storage in response to a short daily fast.
Females had lower fasting insulin levels and an increased potential for utilizing fat for energy through β‐oxidation compared to males.
The need for the inclusion of both sexes, and the treatment of sex as an independent variable, is emphasized within the context of this fasting regime.
AbstractThere is growing interest in understanding the mechanistic significance and benefits of fasting physiology in combating obesity. Increasing the fasting phase of a normal day can promote restoration and repair mechanisms that occur during the post‐absorptive period. Most studies exploring the effect of restricting food access on mitigating obesity have done so with a large bias towards the use of male mice. Here, we disentangle the roles of sex, food intake and food withdrawal in the response to a short‐term daily fasting intervention, in which food was removed for 6 h in the dark/active phase of young, 8‐week‐old mice. We showed that the removal of food during the dark phase impaired glucose tolerance in males and females, possibly due to the circadian disruption induced by this feeding protocol. Although both sexes demonstrated similar patterns of food intake, body composition and various metabolic markers, there were clear sex differences in the magnitude and extent of these responses. While females displayed enhanced capacity for lipogenesis and triglyceride storage, they also had low fasting insulin levels and an increased potential for utilizing available energy sources such as fat for energy through β‐oxidation. Our results highlight the intrinsic biological and metabolic disparities between male and female mice, emphasizing the growing need for the inclusion of both sexes in scientific research. Furthermore, our results illustrate sex‐specific metabolic pathways that regulate lipogenesis, obesity and overall metabolic health.
Measurements of angle-resolved reflectivity of PTFE in liquid xenon with IBEX
Authors: Kravitz S. , Smith R. J. , Hagaman L. , Bernard E. P. , McKinsey D. N. , Rudd L. , Tvrznikova L. , Gann G. D. Orebi , Sakai M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLiquid xenon particle detectors rely on excellent light collection efficiency for their performance. This depends on the high reflectivity of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at the xenon scintillation wavelength of 178 nm, but the angular dependence of this reflectivity is not well-understood. IBEX is designed to directly measure the angular distribution of xenon scintillation light reflected off PTFE in liquid xenon. These measurements are fully described by a microphysical reflectivity model with few free parameters. Dependence on PTFE type, surface finish, xenon pressure, and wavelength of incident light is explored. Total internal reflection is observed, which results in the dominance of specular over diffuse reflection and a reflectivity near 100% for high angles of incidence.
Association of Dietary Patterns Derived Using Reduced‐Rank Regression With Subclinical Cardiovascular Damage According to Generation and Sex in the STANISLAS Cohort
Authors: Wagner Sandra , Lioret Sandrine , Girerd Nicolas , Duarte Kevin , Lamiral Zohra , Bozec Erwan , Van den Berghe Laurie , Hoge Axelle , Donneau Anne‐Françoise , Boivin Jean‐Marc , Mercklé Ludovic , Zannad Faiez , Laville Martine , Rossignol Patrick , Nazare Julie‐Anne 
Published: March 2020

Background

The diet impact on cardiovascular diseases has been investigated widely, but the association between dietary patterns (
DP
s) and subclinical cardiovascular damage remains unclear. More informative
DP
s could be provided by considering metabolic syndrome components as intermediate markers. This study aimed to identify
DP
s according to generation and sex using reduced‐rank regression (
RRR
) with metabolic syndrome components as intermediate markers and assess their associations with intima‐media thickness, left ventricular mass, and carotid‐femoral pulse‐wave velocity in an initially healthy population‐based family study.

Methods and Results

This study included 1527 participants from the
STANISLAS
(Suivi Temporaire Annuel Non‐Invasif de la Santé des Lorrains Assurés Sociaux) cohort fourth examination.
DP
s were derived using reduced‐rank regression according to generation (G1: age ≥50 years; G2: age <50 years) and sex. Associations between
DP
s and cardiovascular damage were analyzed using multivariable linear regression models. Although identified
DPs
were correlated between generations and sex, qualitative differences were observed: whereas only unhealthy
DP
s were found for both men generations, healthy
DPs
were identified in G2 (“fruity desserts”) and G1 (“fiber and w3 oil”) women. The “alcohol,” “fast food and alcohol,” “fried, processed, and dairy products,” and “meat, starch, sodas, and fat”
DP
s in G1 and G2 men and in G1 and G2 women, respectively, were associated with high left ventricular mass (β [95% CI], 0.23 [0.10–0.36], 0.76 [0.00–1.52], 1.71 [0.16–3.26], and 1.80 [0.45–3.14]). The “alcohol”
DP
in G1 men was positively associated with carotid‐femoral pulse‐wave velocity (0.22 [0.09–0.34]).

Conclusions

The
DP
s that explain the maximum variation in metabolic syndrome components had different associations with subclinical cardiovascular damage across generation and sex. Our results indicate that dietary recommendations should be tailored according to age and sex.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01391442.
Urinary Ethyl Glucuronide as Measure of Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: van de Luitgaarden Inge A. T. , Schrieks Ilse C. , Kieneker Lyanne M. , Touw Daan J. , van Ballegooijen Adriana J. , van Oort Sabine , Grobbee Diederick E. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Kootstra‐Ros Jenny E. , Muller Kobold Anneke C. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Beulens Joline W. J. 
Published: March 2020

Background
Moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all‐cause mortality compared with heavy drinkers and abstainers. To date, studies have relied on self‐reported consumption, which may be prone to misclassification. Urinary ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is an alcohol metabolite and validated biomarker for recent alcohol consumption. We aimed to examine and compare the associations of self‐reported alcohol consumption and EtG with CVD and all‐cause mortality.

Methods and Results
In 5676 participants of the PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End‐Stage Disease) study cohort, EtG was measured in 24‐hour urine samples and alcohol consumption questionnaires were administered. Participants were followed up for occurrence of first CVD and all‐cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and CVD risk factors, were fitted for self‐reported consumption, divided into 5 categories: abstention, 1 to 4 units/month (reference), 2 to 7 units/week, 1 to 3 units/day, and ≥4 units/day. Similar models were fitted for EtG, analyzed as both continuous and categorical variables. Follow‐up times differed for CVD (8 years; 385 CVD events) and all‐cause mortality (14 years; 724 deaths). For both self‐reported alcohol consumption and EtG, nonsignificant trends were found toward J‐shaped associations between alcohol consumption and CVD, with higher risk in the lowest (hazard ratio for abstention versus 1–4 units/month, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.02–1.98) and highest drinking categories (hazard ratio for ≥4 units/day versus 1–4 units/month, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.68–1.84). Neither self‐report nor EtG was associated with all‐cause mortality.

Conclusions
Comparable associations with CVD events and all‐cause mortality were found for self‐report and EtG. This argues for the validity of self‐reported alcohol consumption in epidemiologic research.
Associations of Peripheral Artery Disease With Calf Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy
Authors: Gonzalez‐Freire Marta , Moore A. Zenobia , Peterson Charlotte A. , Kosmac Kate , McDermott Mary M. , Sufit Robert L. , Guralnik Jack M. , Polonsky Tamar , Tian Lu , Kibbe Melina R. , Criqui Michael H. , Li Lingyu , Leeuwenburgh Christian , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: March 2020

Background
Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) undergo frequent episodes of ischemia‐reperfusion in lower extremity muscles that may negatively affect mitochondrial health and are associated with impaired mobility. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle from PAD patients will show high mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy, especially in regions more susceptible to oxidative damage, such as the displacement loop, and that the degree of heteroplasmy will be correlated with the severity of ischemia and mobility impairment.

Methods and Results

Mitochondrial mutations and deletions and their relative abundance were identified by targeted mitochondrial DNA sequencing in biopsy specimens of gastrocnemius muscle from 33 PAD (ankle brachial index <0.9) and 9 non‐PAD (ankle brachial index >0.9) subjects aged ≥60 years. The probability of heteroplasmy per DNA base was significantly higher for PAD subjects than non‐PAD within each region. In adjusted models, PAD was associated with higher heteroplasmy than non‐PAD (
P
=0.003), but the association was limited to microheteroplasmy, that is heteroplasmy found in 1% to 5% of all mitochondrial genomes (
P
=0.004). Heteroplasmy in the displacement loop and coding regions were significantly higher for PAD than non‐PAD subjects after adjustment for age, sex, race, and diabetes mellitus (
P
=0.037 and 0.004, respectively). Low mitochondrial damage, defined by both low mitochondrial DNA copy number and low microheteroplasmy, was associated with better walking performance.

Conclusions
People with PAD have higher “low frequency” heteroplasmy in gastrocnemius muscle compared with people without PAD. Among people with PAD, those who had evidence of least mitochondrial damage, had better walking performance than those with more mitochondrial damage.

Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02246660.
Association of Insulin Resistance, Plasma Glucose Level, and Serum Insulin Level With Hypertension in a Population With Different Stages of Impaired Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Sasaki Nobuo , Ozono Ryoji , Higashi Yukihito , Maeda Ryo , Kihara Yasuki 
Published: March 2020

Background
The interrelationships among the different stages of impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and hypertension are not fully understood.

Methods and Results

We investigated the impact of insulin resistance, plasma glucose, and serum immunoreactive insulin levels on hypertension in 19 166 participants with different stages of impaired glucose metabolism (7114 normal fasting glucose/normal glucose tolerance, 3543 isolated impaired fasting glucose [
IFG
], 2089 isolated impaired glucose tolerance, 2922
IFG
plus impaired glucose tolerance, and 3498 diabetes mellitus]) determined by 75‐g oral glucose tolerance tests. Participants were recruited from examinees who finished a general health checkup for atomic bomb survivors between 1982 and 2017. The profiles of plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin during oral glucose tolerance tests were assessed using the total area under the curve. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. The rate of hypertension increased from 36.3% in participants with normal fasting glucose/normal glucose tolerance to 50.1%, 50.8%, 58.3%, and 63.8% in participants with isolated
IFG
, isolated impaired glucose tolerance,
IFG
plus impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was associated with hypertension regardless of the presence and the degree of impaired glucose metabolism. Furthermore, fasting plasma glucose and serum immunoreactive insulin levels and areas under the curve for plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin during oral glucose tolerance tests were associated with hypertension in normal fasting glucose/normal glucose tolerance and isolated
IFG
, but such a relationship was diminished in other types of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions
The prevalence of hypertension increases with worsening stages of impaired glucose metabolism; however, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are significant contributors to the presence of hypertension only in the early stages of impaired insulin metabolism.
A Static World
Authors: Tong Wu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The present article scrutinizes the text of Erythraean Sea ethnography in Book 3 of Diodorus Siculus’ Bibliotheca Historica, while comparing it with Diodorus’ original source—Agatharchides’ On the Erythraean Sea, which is preserved in Photius’ Bibliotheca. It will be argued that Diodorus, with careful modifications of his source as well as referring to, or rejecting, specific contemporary moral motifs, articulates various kinds of limitations of the Erythraean inhabitants, and therefore (re)constructs the Erythraean Sea as a static world. The different and remote world of Diodorus’ protagonists serves as a mirror to reflect on moral, geographical, social and economic forms, and thus allows Diodorus to communicate with his readers: the latter are reminded of their seemingly unlimited chances in the present, which are commonly presented in contemporary literature.
Herodicus in Babylon
Authors: Cartlidge Ben 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the epigram of Herodicus (apud Ath. 5.222a). First it is examined as a piece of Greek literature—with a history, a number of imitators, a Greek intellectual and scholarly context, and the expressive resources of the Greek language. Several cruces are discussed, but the meaning of the final two words of the poem—θεόπαις Βαβυλών—is of particular importance. The internal syntactic structure of the compound adjective θεό-παις is analysed using comparative evidence from Greek. But the actual comparandum that is argued to be crucial for establishing its meaning is an epithet of Babylon found in Akkadian and Sumerian. The basis for the relevance of this is the existence of Akkadian texts in Greek script (the ‘Graeco-Babyloniaca’), which are reviewed in full as part of the evidence for cultural contact in Hellenistic Babylon.
The Role of Procreation (Injāb) in Marital Life
Authors: Rispler-Chaim Vardit 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Classical Islamic marriage and divorce laws focus on both spouses’ ability to perform sexually. In fiqh texts, sexual disability is considered a serious medical condition. The fiqh literature lists certain sexual disabilities unique to men, unique to women, or shared by both sexes. Infertility (ʿuqm) is not found in any of these early fiqh lists, although we have proof in various Islamic religious texts that fertility and procreation have always been highly valued in society. In contemporary fatwas (from the Sunni world), the picture appears reversed, as fertility is given priority over sexual performance. In this paper, I illustrate this shift in attitude between the classical legal texts and contemporary fatwas. Then, I offer possible explanations for it. Among the main motivations suggested for the change are feminist Muslim writings, a growing awareness of human rights in the Islamic world, advanced medical technology, and economic factors.
Age-Related Differences in Time Reproduction Reflect Attentional Control but not Stimulus Magnitude
Authors: Costello Matthew C. , Thumma Rohini R. , Nissenbaum Emma R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Research on age-related differences in time perception are mixed, with the strongest results indicating that age group differences are magnified based on the cognitive complexity of the specific task design. This raises the possibility that age-related differences in time perception may reflect downstream effects of ‘non-temporal’ factors such as stimulus magnitude, selective attention, and memory requirements. The current study explored this possibility with two experiments conducted on both younger and older adults that systematically varied stimulus magnitude and attentional demands. The first experiment was a focused–attention time reproduction task in which participants reproduced the temporal duration of a white rectangle with an embedded four-digit number. The stimulus magnitude varied from small (1000–3999) to medium (4000–6999) to large (7000–9999) digits. The second experiment was a divided-attention variant of the first experiment, where the participant either reported the temporal duration or recalled the number sequence embedded in the stimulus. Analyses indicated minimal age group differences under focused-attention conditions, but under divided-attention conditions there were age-related decreases in time estimates and temporal precision. Stimulus magnitude operated as predicted by the number–time association (NTA) effect, in which larger stimulus magnitudes induce longer duration estimates. Surprisingly, the NTA effect was evident similarly for both age groups and across both experiments. Exploratory analyses found evidence for age group equivalence in the positive influence of short-term memory on time reproduction, but age-related differences in the correlative link with cognitive processing speed. We conclude that age-related differences in our time reproduction task reflects attentional control factors but not stimulus magnitude.