bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding patterns of distribution shifts and range expansion/contraction for small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) in the Yellow Sea
Authors: Han Qingpeng , Grüss Arnaud , Shan Xiujuan , Jin Xianshi , Thorson James T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDetecting and analyzing patterns of distribution shifts and range expansion/contraction is important to understand population dynamics and changes in stock status. Here, we develop a spatio‐temporal model for yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis), which was fitted to bottom trawl survey biomass data collected in the Yellow Sea in the winter of 2001–2017. The model accounts for both spatial and spatio‐temporal structure and can potentially include the effects of surface temperature and of an annual index, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, represented using a recently developed spatially varying coefficient model. We selected a spatio‐temporal model with no covariates based on Akaike's information criterion. The center of gravity for yellow croaker was found to move northwest between 2001 and 2010, and then southwest over the period 2010–2017. These results reflected the predicted progressive disappearance of yellow croaker density hotspots (i.e., highest density areas) in the north and southeast areas of the Yellow Sea, which resulted in the central area of the Yellow Sea becoming the only yellow croaker density hotspot in 2017. This finding has important implications for fisheries management in the context of the China–South Korea fisheries agreement, as it indicates a measurable displacement of yellow croaker biomass toward China. The exclusion of covariates from the spatio‐temporal model was not expected a priori and may be due to the facts that environmental variations are not pronounced in winter in the Yellow Sea and that the representation of spatial and spatio‐temporal structure in spatio‐temporal models accounts for a large proportion of the variability in the data.
Acromelic dysplasias: how rare musculoskeletal disorders reveal biological functions of extracellular matrix proteins
Authors: Stanley Sarah , Balic Zerina , Hubmacher Dirk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcromelic dysplasias are a group of rare musculoskeletal disorders that collectively present with short stature, pseudomuscular build, stiff joints, and tight skin. Acromelic dysplasias are caused by mutations in genes (FBN1, ADAMTSL2, ADAMTS10, ADAMTS17, LTBP2, and LTBP3) that encode secreted extracellular matrix proteins, and in SMAD4, an intracellular coregulator of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling. The shared musculoskeletal presentations in acromelic dysplasias suggest that these proteins cooperate in a biological pathway, but also fulfill distinct roles in specific tissues that are affected in individual disorders of the acromelic dysplasia group. In addition, most of the affected proteins directly interact with fibrillin microfibrils in the extracellular matrix and have been linked to the regulation of TGF‐β signaling. Together with recently developed knockout mouse models targeting the affected genes, novel insights into molecular mechanisms of how these proteins regulate musculoskeletal development and homeostasis have emerged. Here, we summarize the current knowledge highlighting pathogenic mechanisms of the different disorders that compose acromelic dysplasias and provide an overview of the emerging biological roles of the individual proteins that are compromised. Finally, we develop a conceptual model of how these proteins may interact and form an “acromelic dysplasia complex” on fibrillin microfibrils in connective tissues of the musculoskeletal system.
Occupational COVID‐19 risk to dental staff working in a public dental unit in the outbreak epicenter
Authors: Nardone Michele , Cordone Angelo , Petti Stefano 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe management of the COVID‐19 outbreak occurred in Lombardy (Italy) implied that non‐COVID‐19 health care was remodeled, limiting adequate resources in non‐hospital public dental healthcare settings. This situation offered the opportunity to investigate the occupational COVID‐19 risk to dental staff in public non‐hospital dental units.MethodsAn infection control protocol was designed for dental health care in the Territorial Health and Social Services Authority (ASST) “Melegnano and Martesana” (Milan). Since specific guidance from central authorities was lacking, information was gathered from international public health organizations. The probability to visit asymptomatic COVID‐19‐infected patients was estimated, and the occupational risk to dental staff was calculated.ResultsThe probability to visit asymptomatic patients passed from 1.2% (95% confidence interval −95 CI, 0.6%–2.5%) in the first period (20 February–15 March 2020) to 11.1% (95 CI, 5.8%–23.6%) in the second period (16 March–30 April). Dentists and dental assistants did not develop COVID‐19, while one nurse did, the nature of her occupational risk was unclear, as nurses provided prevalently non‐dental health care. The probabilities of developing COVID‐19 per worked hour per person excluding and including this uncertain situation were 0.0% (95 CI, 0.0%–3.2%) and 0.9% (95 CI, 0.1%–4.7%).ConclusionRelatively simple infection control procedures were enough to control occupational COVID‐19 risk during the outbreak.
Oral mucosal lesions in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Report of four cases. Are they a true sign of COVID‐19 disease?
Authors: Cruz Tapia Roberto Onner , Peraza Labrador Alberto Jose , Guimaraes Douglas Magno , Matos Valdez Luciano Hermios 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundVesiculobullous and macular lesions in the oral mucosa have been reported in patients positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Nonetheless, the significance and physiopathology of oral manifestations have not been clearly established in the clinical progression or outcome of the infection.AimTo describe the clinico‐pathological oral mucosal lesions in four patients with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.Methods and ResultsFour patients with COVID‐19 disease and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) presented angina bullosa hemorragica‐like lesion, vascular disorder, and nonspecific stomatitis, one patient with histological analysis demonstrated perivascular reactive lymphocitic infliltrate, focal capillary thrombosis, and hemorrhage. According to the discrimination of other local and systemic conditions and the synchronous onset of oral and systemic symptoms, the diagnosis of oral lesions probably associated with COVID‐19 was established.ConclusionInfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 may result in oral manifestations with various clinical presentations, which presumably support the hypothesis of thrombi formation and vasculitis; nevertheless, these findings need more evidence and a long‐term follow up of patients to accurately establish the significance of the oral mucosa affection in the COVID‐19 disease.
A Comparison of Interface Growth Models Applied to Rayleigh–Taylor and Richtmyer–Meshkov Instabilities
Authors: Canfield J. , Denissen N. , Francois M. , Gore R. , Rauenzahn R. , Reisner J. , Shkoller S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sophisticated numerical models that contain fluid interfaces rely upon interface evolution models to approximate the transition to turbulence near interfaces, in the presence of Rayleigh–Taylor (RTI) or Richtmyer–Meshkov (RMI) instability. Semi-analytical models have been developed in recent decades to predict the interface growth from an initial state into the nonlinear regime. Two of these models are considered in this study. They are the Goncharov and the z-models. Both of these interface models have strengths and weaknesses, which are examined here. Both of them have been implemented in the xRAGE compressible flow solver, which models fluid interfaces. The flow solver provides the fluids acceleration as a body force to the interface model. The purpose of such interface model is to evolve the early times of interface position as a subgrid model within a compressible flow simulation in order to then initialize a turbulence model. In this work, the interface models are assessed and compared for their evolution of RTI and RMI. The z-model performed better than the Goncharov model for all cases that were explored.
Shear Effects on Scalar Transport in Double Diffusive Convection1
Authors: Sichani Pejman Hadi , Marchioli Cristian , Zonta Francesco , Soldati Alfredo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article, we examine the effect of shear on scalar transport in double diffusive convection (DDC). DDC results from the competing action of a stably stratified, rapidly diffusing scalar (temperature) and an unstably stratified, slowly diffusing scalar (salinity), which is characterized by fingering instabilities. We investigate, for the first time, the effect of shear on the diffusive and convective contributions to the total scalar transport flux within a confined fluid layer, examining also the associated fingering dynamics and flow structure. We base our analysis on fully resolved numerical simulations under the Oberbeck–Boussinesq condition. The problem has five governing parameters: The salinity Prandtl number, Prs (momentum-to-salinity diffusivity ratio); the salinity Rayleigh number, Ras (measure of the fluid instability due to salinity differences); the Lewis number, Le (thermal-to-salinity diffusivity ratio); the density ratio, Λ (measure of the effective flow stratification), and the shear rate, Γ. Simulations are performed at fixed Prs, Ras, Le, and Λ, while the effect of shear is accounted for by considering different values of Γ. Preliminary results show that shear tends to damp the growth of fingering instability, leading to highly anisotropic DDC dynamics associated with the formation of regular salinity sheets. These dynamics result in significant modifications of the vertical transport rates, giving rise to negative diffusive fluxes of salinity and significant reduction of the total scalar transport, particularly of its convective part.
Impact of Initial Imaging Protocol on Likelihood of Endovascular Stroke Therapy
Authors: Lopez-Rivera Victor , Abdelkhaleq Rania , Yamal Jose-Miguel , Singh Noopur , Savitz Sean I. , Czap Alexandra L. , Alderazi Yazan , Chen Peng R. , Grotta James C. , Blackburn Spiros , Spiegel Gary , Dannenbaum Mark J. , Wu Tzu-Ching , Yoo Albert J. , McCullough Louise D. , Sheth Sunil A. 
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose:
Noncontrast head CT and CT perfusion (CTP) are both used to screen for endovascular stroke therapy (EST), but the impact of imaging strategy on likelihood of EST is undetermined. Here, we examine the influence of CTP utilization on likelihood of EST in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO).

Methods:
We identified patients with acute ischemic stroke at 4 comprehensive stroke centers. All 4 hospitals had 24/7 CTP and EST capability and were covered by a single physician group (Neurology, NeuroIntervention, NeuroICU). All centers performed noncontrast head CT and CT angiography in the initial evaluation. One center also performed CTP routinely with high CTP utilization (CTP-H), and the others performed CTP optionally with lower utilization (CTP-L). Primary outcome was likelihood of EST. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine whether facility type (CTP-H versus CTP-L) was associated with EST adjusting for age, prestroke mRS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, LVO location, time window, and intravenous tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator).

Results:

Among 3107 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 715 had LVO, of which 403 (56%) presented to CTP-H and 312 (44%) presented to CTP-L. CTP utilization among LVO patients was greater at CTP-H centers (72% versus 18%, CTP-H versus CTP-L,
P
<0.01). In univariable analysis, EST rates for patients with LVO were similar between CTP-H versus CTP-L (46% versus 49%). In multivariable analysis, patients with LVO were less likely to undergo EST at CTP-H (odds ratio, 0.59 [0.41–0.85]). This finding was maintained in multiple patient subsets including late time window, anterior circulation LVO, and direct presentation patients. Ninety-day functional independence (odds ratio, 1.04 [0.70–1.54]) was not different, nor were rates of post-EST PH-2 hemorrhage (1% versus 1%).

Conclusions:
We identified an increased likelihood for undergoing EST in centers with lower CTP utilization, which was not associated with worse clinical outcomes or increased hemorrhage. These findings suggest under-treatment bias with routine CTP.
Parental Responsibilities and Rights during the “Gender reassignment” Decision-making Process of Intersex Infants
Authors: Mills Lize , Thompson Sabrina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
It is estimated that approximately two million infants displaying intersex characteristics are born every year. Such children are often subjected to medical intervention during the early years of their lives since it is socially considered “necessary” to allocate a conclusive sex to an intersex child. Although it is broadly observed that there are only three instances where “gender re-assignment surgery” for intersex infants is medically necessary, the majority of surgeries are cosmetic, unnecessary and performed with the stated aim of making it easier for intersex children to grow up to be “normal”. Parents of intersex children are faced with the agonising choice as to whether or not to consent to their intersex baby undergoing sex alteration surgery. Relying predominantly on the information provided to them by medical experts, parents are not always fully informed as to the potential physical and psychological risks attached to this type of surgery at this time of children’s lives. This paper seeks to discuss the role and duty of parents during this decision-making process, by evaluating the obligations prescribed by Article 5 of the Convention of the Rights of the Child.
Article 5 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Involvement of Fathers in Adoption Proceedings: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Sloan Brian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper considers the involvement of fathers in decisions about adoption, particularly in circumstances where a mother resists such involvement. It is largely a response to the work of Jill Marshall, who has argued strongly in favour of anonymous birth and adoption for children (without involvement of their fathers) as a choice that can be validly exercised by mothers. The paper argues that Marshall’s views are not obviously consistent with the requirements of Article 5 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, requiring states to ‘respect the responsibilities, rights and duties of parents … to provide … appropriate direction and guidance’ in the child’s exercise of her rights.
The Role of Intellectual Property Laws in Creating a Favourable Environment for Investment
Authors: Massadeh Firas Abdel-Mahdi , Kameel Tariq Abdel Rahman 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article analyses the role of intellectual property laws in fostering domestic and foreign investment in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). As a signatory to all the major international agreements on intellectual property rights, such as the World Intellectual Property Organisation, the UAE has established legislative protection of intellectual property rights to create a favourable environment for investment. This study has two main aims. First, it analyses whether the approach taken by UAE legislators provides assurance for intellectual property holders and their related investments. Second, it reviews whether this approach indicates if the UAE has the political and legal will to provide incentives for investors. The study found that the UAE’s intellectual property laws are equitable, accurate, and capable of drawing the attention of foreign direct investment. With such a competent legal framework, the UAE demonstrates it has the required political and legal will to foster foreign direct investment.
Paleoclimate Constraints on the Spatiotemporal Character of Past and Future Droughts
Authors: Coats S. , Smerdon J. E. , Stevenson S. , Fasullo J. T. , Otto-Bliesner B. , Ault T. R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMachine-learning-based methods that identify drought in three-dimensional space–time are applied to climate model simulations and tree-ring-based reconstructions of hydroclimate over the Northern Hemisphere extratropics for the past 1000 years, as well as twenty-first-century projections. Analyzing reconstructed and simulated drought in this context provides a paleoclimate constraint on the spatiotemporal characteristics of simulated droughts. Climate models project that there will be large increases in the persistence and severity of droughts over the coming century, but with little change in their spatial extent. Nevertheless, climate models exhibit biases in the spatiotemporal characteristics of persistent and severe droughts over parts of the Northern Hemisphere. We use the paleoclimate record and results from a linear inverse modeling-based framework to conclude that climate models underestimate the range of potential future hydroclimate states. Complicating this picture, however, are divergent changes in the characteristics of persistent and severe droughts when quantified using different hydroclimate metrics. Collectively our results imply that these divergent responses and the aforementioned biases must be better understood if we are to increase confidence in future hydroclimate projections. Importantly, the novel framework presented herein can be applied to other climate features to robustly describe their spatiotemporal characteristics and provide constraints on future changes to those characteristics.
Virtual surgical education for core surgical trainees in the Yorkshire deanery during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Laloo Ryan , Giorga Andrea , Williams Andrew , Biyani Chandra Shekhar , Yiasemidou Marina 
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims An online teaching programme for Core Surgical Trainees (CSTs) was designed and delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and the reception of a fully online teaching programme. Methods Twenty teaching sessions were delivered either via Zoom™ or were pre-recorded and uploaded onto a Google Classroom™ and YouTube™ website. Online feedback, delivered via Google Forms™, were completed by CSTs following each teaching session. YouTube Studio™ analytics were used to understand patterns in viewing content. Results 89.9% of trainees were satisfied with the teaching series. Trainees preferred short, weekly sessions (79%), delivered by senior surgeons, in the form of both didactical and interactive teaching. YouTube analytics revealed that the highest peak in views was documented on the weekend before the deadline for evidence upload on the Intercollegiate Surgical Collegiate Programme (ISCP) portfolio. Conclusion An entirely online teaching programme is feasible and well-received by CSTs. Trainees preferred live, interactive, procedure-based, consultant-led sessions lasting approximately thirty minutes to one hour and covering a myriad of surgical specialties. This feedback can be used to improve future online surgical teaching regionally and nationally in order to gain training opportunities lost during the pandemic.
Safety and early outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients with prestroke disability
Authors: Cooray Charith , Karlinski Michal , Kobayashi Adam , Ringleb Peter , Kõrv Janika , Macleod Mary J , Dixit Anand , Azevedo Elsa , Bladin Christopher , Ahmed Niaz 
Published: September 2020

Background There are limited data on intravenous thrombolysis treatment in ischemic stroke patients with prestroke disability. Aim We aimed to evaluate safety and outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis treatment in stroke patients with prestroke disability. Methods We analyzed 88,094 patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis, recorded in the Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke (SITS) International Thrombolysis Register between January 2003 and December 2017, with available NIHSS data at stroke-onset and after 24 h. Of them, 4566 patients (5.2%) had prestroke disability, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 3–5. Safety outcome measures included Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage, any type of parenchymal hematoma on 24 h imaging scans irrespective of clinical symptoms, and death within seven days. Early outcome measures were 24-h NIHSS improvement (≥4 from baseline to 24 h). Results Patients with prestroke disability were older, had more severe strokes, and more comorbidities than patients without prestroke disability. When comparing patients with prestroke disability with patients without prestroke disability, there was however no significant increase in adjusted odds for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio 0.83 (95% CI 0.60–1.15) (absolute difference in proportion 1.17% vs. 1.27%)) or for parenchymal hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio 0.96 (0.83–1.11) (7.51% vs. 6.34%)). The prestroke disability group had a significantly lower-adjusted odds ratio for a 24-h NIHSS improvement (adjusted odds ratio 0.79 (0.73–0.85) (45.95% vs. 48.45%)) and a higher adjusted odds ratio for seven-day mortality (aOR 1.40 (1.21–1.61) (10.40% vs. 4.93%)). Conclusions Intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients with prestroke disability was not associated with an increased risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage or parenchymal hemorrhage. Prestroke disability was however associated with a higher risk of early mortality compared to patients without prestroke disability.
Oral health and salivary function in ulcerative colitis patients
Authors: Goldinova Ariana , Tan Christopher XW , Bouma Gerd , Duijvestein Marjolijn , Brand Henk S , de Boer Nanne K 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAlthough ulcerative colitis primarily involves the colon, extra‐intestinal manifestations are common and oral and dental complaints are no exception.ObjectiveThis study aims at evaluating oral and dental health problems and salivary function and composition in ulcerative colitis patients and its correlation with disease activity.MethodsXerostomia Inventory score, (unstimulated/stimulated) salivary flow rates, salivary amylase and mucin/ Mucin 5B levels, self‐reported oral and dental complaints, the oral health related quality of life, Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index and inflammatory bowel disease‐specific health related quality of life were determined.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 51 ulcerative colitis patients. Hyposalivation was experienced by 16% of patients under resting conditions and 24% under chewing‐stimulated conditions. Xerostomia was not correlated with salivary flow rates. Disease activity did not influence salivary amylase and Mucin 5B concentrations. The Xerostomia Inventory score was correlated with the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (p  = 0.042) and inflammatory bowel disease‐specific health related quality of life (p  = 0.001). Most reported oral health problems were halitosis (29%) and aphthae (28%). Frequently reported dental problems were cavities (35%) and gum problems (31%). Patients with active disease experienced significantly more oral and dental complaints. The number of oral problems was positively correlated with the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (p  = 0.045) and negatively correlated with the inflammatory bowel disease‐specific health related quality of life (p  = 0.005).ConclusionThe subjective feeling of a dry mouth (xerostomia) is related to disease activity and disease activity‐associated quality of life in ulcerative colitis patients, whereas the objective saliva secretion rate is not. Oral and dental health problems are frequently observed in patients with ulcerative colitis, especially during active disease.