bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of indirect computed tomography lymphangiography to determine metastatic status of sentinel lymph nodes in dogs with a pre‐operative diagnosis of melanoma or mast cell tumour
Authors: Grimes Janet A. , Secrest Scott A. , Wallace Mandy L. , Laver Travis , Schmiedt Chad W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCanine melanomas and mast cell tumours (MCTs) frequently metastasize to lymph nodes, worsening prognosis compared with dogs without metastasis. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) evaluation is more specific than evaluation of the lymph node closest to the tumour, which may not be the draining lymph node. Computed tomography lymphangiography (CTL) allows for SLN identification and one study of canine mammary tumours found that CTL was able to assist in determination of the metastatic status of inguinal SLNs prior to extirpation and histopathology. The objective of the present study was to evaluate CTL for use in determining metastasis to the SLN in dogs with a pre‐operative diagnosis of melanoma or MCT in various locations by correlating CTL findings with histopathology. The hypothesis was that CTL would not be able to determine the metastatic status of lymph nodes, based on author experience. Dogs were prospectively enrolled and underwent CTL and subsequent SLN extirpation. Histopathology results for the primary tumour, SLN, and additional extirpated lymph nodes were recorded. Fifteen dogs were enrolled and 21 SLN were evaluated. The SLN enhancement pattern (heterogeneous, homogenous or peripheral) was not associated with metastasis, nor was the attenuation value at 1 minute, 5 minutes, or the change in attenuation value. No correlation was found between CTL findings and metastatic status of SLNs. Based on these results, CTL alone cannot be used to diagnose SLN metastasis. Extirpation of the SLN with histopathology is recommended to diagnose lymph node metastasis in dogs with melanoma and MCT.
A case of T‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia progressing to Richter syndrome with central nervous system involvement in a dog
Authors: Conway Elizabeth A. , Waugh Elspeth M. , Knottenbelt Clare 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old neutered Beagle dog was presented with polyuria and polydipsia. Routine clinicopathologic testing showed a significant lymphocytosis and proteinuria. Lymphocytes were of small to intermediate in size with a mature morphology. Infectious disease screening was negative. PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangements showed a clonal T‐cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement consistent with T‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Bone marrow cytology showed <30% lymphocytes, while the proportion in splenic fine‐needle aspirate cytology was considered increased. The dog was initially monitored but started on prednisolone and chlorambucil therapy 2 months later due to worsening clinical signs and progressive lymphocytosis. After an additional 2 weeks, the dog developed multifocal spinal pain and single‐node lymphadenomegaly. Cytology of the lymph node showed a monomorphic population of large lymphoblasts consistent with lymphoma. Cytology of a cerebrospinal fluid sample also showed large lymphoblasts. PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangement at both sites showed a clonal TCR rearrangement of the same molecular size as in the initial leukemic cells. The dog was diagnosed with a transformation of the CLL to Richter syndrome (RS) with involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). Therapy was started with L‐asparaginase and an increased dose of prednisolone; however, the dog was euthanized due to progressive clinical signs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of canine RS with direct involvement of the CNS.
Projective objects and the modified trace in factorisable finite tensor categories
Authors: Gainutdinov Azat M. , Runkel Ingo 
Published: March 2020

For ${\mathcal{C}}$ a factorisable and pivotal finite tensor category over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero we show:(1)${\mathcal{C}}$ always contains a simple projective object;(2)if ${\mathcal{C}}$ is in addition ribbon, the internal characters of projective modules span a submodule for the projective $\text{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$-action;(3)the action of the Grothendieck ring of ${\mathcal{C}}$ on the span of internal characters of projective objects can be diagonalised;(4)the linearised Grothendieck ring of ${\mathcal{C}}$ is semisimple if and only if ${\mathcal{C}}$ is semisimple.Results (1)–(3) remain true in positive characteristic under an extra assumption. Result (1) implies that the tensor ideal of projective objects in ${\mathcal{C}}$ carries a unique-up-to-scalars modified trace function. We express the modified trace of open Hopf links coloured by projectives in terms of $S$-matrix elements. Furthermore, we give a Verlinde-like formula for the decomposition of tensor products of projective objects which uses only the modular $S$-transformation restricted to internal characters of projective objects. We compute the modified trace in the example of symplectic fermion categories, and we illustrate how the Verlinde-like formula for projective objects can be applied there.
Erratum: “A Reaffirmation of Fracture Toughness Requirements for ASME Section VIII Vessels for Service Temperatures Colder Than 77 K” [ASME. J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 2017, 139(4), p. 041407. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4036138]
Authors: Sampath Krishna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Dr. Owen Gruelich and Mr. David Roth requested removal of their names from Acknowledgements
A New Correlation for Subcooled Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in a Vertical Narrow Microchannel
Authors: Chen Zengchao , Li Wei , Li Junye , Zhou Kan , Feng Zhaozan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Experimental research of subcooled flow boiling heat transfer of de-ionized water in a high-aspect-ratio, one-sided heating, vertical rectangular microchannel having a hydraulic diameter of 0.94 mm (5.01 mm × 0.52 mm) is carried out. The tested heat flux, mass flux, and inlet fluid subcooling are in the ranges of 0–30 W/cm2, 200–500 kg/m2 s, and 5–20 °C, respectively. A series of 24 existing correlations for subcooled flow boiling heat transfer are systematically reviewed and evaluated against the experimental data containing 328 points, which give significantly different predictions. Some typical conventional correlations such as Kandlikar, Shah, Chen, and Liu and Winterton predict well, among which the Shah correlation performs the best with the mean absolute deviation (MAD) of 10.45%. However, they all neglect the effect of fluid subcooling, especially in low-subcooling regime. Based on the Shah correlation, a new correlation for subcooled flow boiling heat transfer in the vertical narrow microchannel considering the subcooling effect is developed, which shows higher precision of prediction with the MAD of 7.87%.
Thermal Performance of Metal Foam Heat Sink With Pin Fins for Nonuniform Heat Flux Electronics Cooling
Authors: Li Yongtong , Gong Liang , Xu Minghai , Joshi Yogendra 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a concept of metal foam heat sink with pin fins (MFPF heat sink) is proposed to improve the cooling performance of high-powered electronics with nonuniform heat flux. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the thermohydraulic performance of MFPF heat sink, and the metal foam (MF) heat sink and traditional pin fin (PF) heat sink are employed for comparison. The capability of MFPF heat sink in handling nonuniform heat flux is examined under different power levels. It indicates that the MFPF heat sink greatly enhances the heat transfer performance, due to the common effects of the improved flow distribution and enhanced overall effective thermal conductivity (ETC). Results also show that the MFPF heat sink promotes the improvement of the bottom wall temperature uniformity. Porosity has more pronounced effects on heat transfer performance of MFPF heat sink than pore density. A nonuniform distribution heat flux (15–80–15 W/cm2) can be successfully dissipated using the proposed MFPF heat sink with the junction temperature below 95 °C at Re of 500.
Validation of Analytical Model for Turboelectric Power System for Preliminary Design Purposes
Authors: Moody Kylar J. , Replogle Cole J. , Rouser Kurt P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSmall, electrically powered, unmanned aircraft are limited in the range and endurance due to inherently low energy density of batteries, prompting the development of hybrid gaselectric power systems. Turbo-electric power systems fill this gap by leveraging the high power density of electric flight in conjunction with the high energy density of hydrocarbon fuels, while mitigating some issues encountered with piston-based hybrid systems. Previous studies have evaluated the electrical system for a 7.3 kW turbo-electric system for small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) and suggest that power system electrical efficiencies range between 60% and 70%; however, the driving system parameters which dictate this efficiency are not discussed in detail. Thus, there is a critical need to develop a design tool which can be used to estimate electrical efficiency and show how different parameters affect the system. An overall system transfer function must be developed and evaluated thoroughly to determine the reliability and accuracy of modeling methods. Classical methods are used in developing the models, making models general and not specific to one system. Measurements included generator shaft speed, as well as rectified power, voltage, and current. Results of the steady-state behavior form a basis for developing an analytical model that includes both empirical and theoretical power system behavior. This model will pave the way for design down-selection when designing and realizing a turbo-electric powertrain.
Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study
Authors: Chen Tao , Wu Di , Chen Huilong , Yan Weiming , Yang Danlei , Chen Guang , Ma Ke , Xu Dong , Yu Haijing , Wang Hongwu , Wang Tao , Guo Wei , Chen Jia , Ding Chen , Zhang Xiaoping , Huang Jiaquan , Han Meifang , Li Shusheng , Luo Xiaoping , Zhao Jianping , Ning Qin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo delineate the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) who died.DesignRetrospective case series.SettingTongji Hospital in Wuhan, China.ParticipantsAmong a cohort of 799 patients, 113 who died and 161 who recovered with a diagnosis of covid-19 were analysed. Data were collected until 28 February 2020.Main outcome measuresClinical characteristics and laboratory findings were obtained from electronic medical records with data collection forms.ResultsThe median age of deceased patients (68 years) was significantly older than recovered patients (51 years). Male sex was more predominant in deceased patients (83; 73%) than in recovered patients (88; 55%). Chronic hypertension and other cardiovascular comorbidities were more frequent among deceased patients (54 (48%) and 16 (14%)) than recovered patients (39 (24%) and 7 (4%)). Dyspnoea, chest tightness, and disorder of consciousness were more common in deceased patients (70 (62%), 55 (49%), and 25 (22%)) than in recovered patients (50 (31%), 48 (30%), and 1 (1%)). The median time from disease onset to death in deceased patients was 16 (interquartile range 12.0-20.0) days. Leukocytosis was present in 56 (50%) patients who died and 6 (4%) who recovered, and lymphopenia was present in 103 (91%) and 76 (47%) respectively. Concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and D-dimer were markedly higher in deceased patients than in recovered patients. Common complications observed more frequently in deceased patients included acute respiratory distress syndrome (113; 100%), type I respiratory failure (18/35; 51%), sepsis (113; 100%), acute cardiac injury (72/94; 77%), heart failure (41/83; 49%), alkalosis (14/35; 40%), hyperkalaemia (42; 37%), acute kidney injury (28; 25%), and hypoxic encephalopathy (23; 20%). Patients with cardiovascular comorbidity were more likely to develop cardiac complications. Regardless of history of cardiovascular disease, acute cardiac injury and heart failure were more common in deceased patients.ConclusionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can cause both pulmonary and systemic inflammation, leading to multi-organ dysfunction in patients at high risk. Acute respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure, sepsis, acute cardiac injury, and heart failure were the most common critical complications during exacerbation of covid-19.
Accuracy and consequences of usingtrial-of-antibioticsfor TB diagnosis (ACT-TB study): protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Divala Titus Henry , Fielding Katherine L , Sloan Derek J , French Neil , Nliwasa Marriott , MacPherson Peter , Kandulu Chikondi Charity , Chiume Lingstone , Chilanga Sanderson , Ndaferankhande Masiye John , Corbett Elizabeth L 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionOver 40% of global tuberculosis case notifications are diagnosed clinically without mycobacteriological confirmation. Standard diagnostic algorithms include ‘trial-of-antibiotics’—empirical antibiotic treatment given to mycobacteriology-negative individuals to treat infectious causes of symptoms other than tuberculosis, as a ‘rule-out’ diagnostic test for tuberculosis. Potentially 26.5 million such antibiotic courses/year are prescribed globally for the 5.3 million/year mycobacteriology-negative patients, making trial-of-antibiotics the most common tuberculosis diagnostic, and a global-scale risk for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Our systematic review found no randomised controlled trial (RCT) to support use of trial-of-antibiotic. The RCT aims to determine the diagnostic and clinical value and AMR consequences of trial-of-antibiotics.Methods and analysisA three-arm, open-label, RCT randomising (1:1:1) Malawian adults (≥18 years) seeking primary care for cough into: (a) azithromycin 500 mg one time per day for 3 days or (b) amoxicillin 1 g three times per day for 5 days or (c) standard-of-care (no immediate antibiotic). We will perform mycobacteriology tests (microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF (Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin) andMycobacterium tuberculosisculture) at baseline. We will use audiocomputer-assisted self-interview to assess clinical improvement at day 8. First primary outcome will be proportion of patients reporting day 8 improvement out of those with negative mycobacteriology (specificity). Second primary outcome will be day 29 incidence of a composite endpoint of either death or hospitalisation or missed tuberculosis diagnosis. To determine AMR impact we compare proportion of resistant nasopharyngealStreptococcus pneumoniaeisolates on day 29. 400 mycobacteriology-negative participants/arm will be required to detect a ≥10% absolute difference in diagnostic specificity with 80% power. We will estimate measures of effect by comparing outcomes in antibiotic arms (combined and individually) to standard-of-care.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been reviewed and approved by Malawi College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Research Ethics Committee and Regional Committee for Health and Research Ethics – Norway, and Malawi Pharmacy, Medicines and Poisons Board. We will present abstracts at relevant conferences, and prepare a manuscript for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberThe clinical trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT03545373
Unwanted effects of treatments for depression in children and adolescents: a mapping of systematic reviews
Authors: Eidet Lise Mette , Dahlgren Astrid , Elvsåshagen Mari 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo describe the results of a mapping review exploring the coverage of unwanted treatment effects in systematic reviews of the effects of various treatments for moderate to severe depression in children and adolescents.SettingAny context or service providing treatment for depression, including interventions delivered in local communities and school settings, as well as services provided in primary or specialist care.ParticipantsChildren and young people with moderate to severe depression (<18 years).InterventionsSystematic reviews published in 2011 or later comparing the effects of any treatment for children and adolescents with moderate to severe depression meeting the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects criteria. The systematic search was performed in April 2018 and updated in December 2018.Primary outcomesAny unwanted effects of treatments as defined in the systematic review.ResultsWe included 10 systematic reviews covering 19 treatment comparisons. Unwanted effects were assessed for seven of 19. Three comparisons were evaluations of pharmaceutical interventions or combination therapy, reporting effects on ‘suicidal ideation’ and ‘suicide risk’. Two included therapy, reporting ‘self-harm’, and ‘suicidal ideation’, and two comparisons included transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroconvulsive treatment. Unwanted effects evaluated for these treatments were mostly symptoms of physical discomfort such as headache or cramps. For the remaining treatment comparisons evaluating psychological and psychosocial therapies, unwanted effects were not evaluated or found. A limitation of overviews of systematic reviews such as this mapping study is that data extraction is done based on the reporting of results by the review authors and not on the primary studies.ConclusionThe unwanted effects of widely used treatments for children and young people with depression is unknown. This is a major barrier for evidence informed decision making about treatment choices for children and young people. We suggest that unwanted effects should be a reporting standard in all protocols describing evaluations of treatments, including primary studies as well as systematic reviews.
Evaluation of the impact of an augmented model of The Productive Ward: Releasing Time to Care on staff and patient outcomes: a naturalistic stepped-wedge trial
Authors: Williams Brian , Hibberd Carina , Baldie Deborah , Duncan Edward A S , Elders Andrew , Maxwell Margaret , Rattray Janice E , Cowie Julie , Strachan Heather , Jones Martyn C 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundImproving the quality and efficiency of healthcare is an international priority. A range of complex ward based quality initiatives have been developed over recent years, perhaps the most influential programme has been Productive Ward: Releasing Time to Care. The programme aims to improve work processes and team efficiency with the aim of ‘releasing time’, which would be used to increase time with patients ultimately improving patient care, although this does not form a specific part of the programme. This study aimed to address this and evaluate the impact using recent methodological advances in complex intervention evaluation design.MethodThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of an augmented version of The Productive Ward: Releasing Time to Care on staff and patient outcomes. The design was a naturalistic stepped-wedge trial. The setting included fifteen wards in two acute hospitals in a Scottish health board region. The intervention was the Productive Ward: Releasing Time to Care augmented with practice development transformational change methods that focused on staff caring behaviours, teamwork and patient feedback. The primary outcomes included nurses’ shared philosophy of care, nurse emotional exhaustion, and patient experience of nurse communication. Secondary outcomes covered additional key dimensions of staff and patient experience and outcomes and frequency of emergency admissions for same diagnosis within 6 months of discharge.ResultsWe recruited 691 patients, 177 nurses and 14 senior charge nurses. We found statistically significant improvements in two of the study’s three primary outcomes: patients’ experiences of nurse communication (Effect size=0.15, 95% CI; 0.05 to 0.24), and nurses’ shared philosophy of care (Effect size =0.42, 95% CI; 0.14 to 0.70). There were also significant improvements in secondary outcomes: patients’ overall rating of ward quality; nurses’ positive affect; and items relating to nursing team climate. We found no change in frequency of emergency admissions within six months of discharge.ConclusionsWe found evidence that the augmented version of The Productive Ward: Releasing Time to Care Intervention was successful in improving a number of dimensions of nurse experience and ward culture, in addition to improved patient experience and evaluations of the quality of care received. Despite these positive summary findings across all wards, intervention implementation appeared to vary between wards. By addressing the contextual factors, which may influence these variations, and tailoring some elements of the intervention, it is likely that greater improvements could be achieved.Trial registration numberUKCRN 14195.
Utility and validity of dynamic chest radiography in cystic fibrosis (dynamic CF): an observational, non-controlled, non-randomised, single-centre, prospective study
Authors: FitzMaurice Thomas Simon , McNamara Paul Stephen , Nazareth Dilip , McCann Caroline , Bedi Ram , Shaw Matthew , Walshaw Martin 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionDynamic chest radiography (DCR) uses novel, low-dose radiographic technology to capture images of the thoracic cavity while in motion. Pulmonary function testing is important in cystic fibrosis (CF). The tolerability, rapid acquisition and lower radiation and cost compared with CT imaging may make DCR a useful adjunct to current standards of care.Methods and analysisThis is an observational, non-controlled, non-randomised, single-centre, prospective study. This study is conducted at the Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital (LHCH) adult CF unit. Participants are adults with CF. This study reviews DCR taken during routine CF Annual Review (n=150), validates DCR-derived lung volumes against whole body plethysmography (n=20) and examines DCR at the start and end of pulmonary exacerbations of CF (n=20). The primary objectives of this study are to examine if DCR provides lung function information that correlates with PFT, and lung volumes that correlate whole body plethysmography.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received the following approvals: HRA REC (11 December 2019) and LHCH R&I (11 October 2019). Results are made available to people with CF, the funders and other researchers. Processed, anonymised data are available from the research team on request.Trial registration numberISRCTN 64994816.
Confidence and skills for cystic fibrosis end-of-life care
Authors: Harris-Skillman Eva , Chapman Stephen , Lowney Aoife , Miller Mary , Flight William 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesOptimal cystic fibrosis (CF) end-of-life care (EOLC) is a challenge. There is little formal guidance about who should deliver this and how CF multi-disciplinary teams should interact with specialist palliative care. We assessed the knowledge, experience and preparedness of both CF and palliative care professionals for CF EOLC.MethodsAn electronic questionnaire was distributed to all members of the Oxford adult CF and palliative care teams.Results35 of a possible 63 members responded (19 CF team; 16 palliative care). Levels of preparedness were low in both groups. Only 11% of CF and 19% of palliative care team members felt fully prepared for EOLC in adult CF. 58% of CF members had no (21%) or minimal (37%) general palliative care training. Similarly, 69% of the palliative care team had no CF-specific training. All respondents desired additional education. CF team members preferred further education in general EOLC while palliative care team members emphasised a need for more CF-specific knowledge.ConclusionsFew members of either the CF or palliative care teams felt fully prepared to deliver CF EOLC and many desired additional educations. They expressed complementary knowledge gaps, which suggests both could benefit from increased collaboration and sharing of specialist knowledge.