bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Flexible DNA Biosensor for Breast Cancer Marker BRCA1 Detection
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Huanyu , Shen Xiaohui , Wang Fenghe , Mao Chun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEarly detection of breast cancer is of great significance to improve the prognosis and survival rate of breast cancer. However, how to detect breast cancer 1 gene mutation (BRCA1) efficiently in early stage is still a great challenge. In the past few decades, more and more attention has been paid to the design of a biosensor. In this work, A method for rapid detection of specific BRCA1 using silver nanowires modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film as a disposable electrode was proposed. With a high aspect ratio, AgNWs distributed in the PET film were easy to form a conductive network as a flexible electrode. A well‐conductive gold sputtering layer can prevent AgNW from falling off to provide a conductive and stable electrode substrate. The Au‐HRP can effectively reflect the hybridization matching phenomenon of target. Results indicated this strategy we proposed had a low detection limit with different concentrations of complementary DNA with limit of detection of 5.3×10−15 M in the range from 5.0×10−10 M to 5.0×10−7 M. Due to the high sensitivity, simplicity and cheap price, arbitrary cut, AgNWs/PET film becomes a promising electrode material for quantification of low concentration biological component in early diagnosis.
Ecofriendly and Facile One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of 5‐Phenyl‐5,10‐dihydropyrido[2,3‐d : 6,5‐d′]dipyrimidine‐2,4,6,8(1H,3H,7H,9H)‐tetraone Derivatives Catalyzed by CuII Immobilized on Functionalized Magnetic Mesoporous MCM‐41 (Fe3O4@MCM‐41‐GPTMS‐Gu‐CuII)
Authors: Baf Mozhgan Mazloum Farsi , Akhlaghinia Batool , Zarei Zeinab , Ghodsinia Sara S. E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the present study, CuII immobilized on functionalized magnetic mesoporous MCM‐41 (Fe3O4@MCM‐41‐GPTMS‐Gu‐CuII) was prepared as a new, versatile, and magnetically nanocatalyst and characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, small‐angle XRD, BET, TEM, SEM, EDX, EDX‐mapping, TGA, VSM, XPS, and ICP techniques. The characterizations show the presence of MCM‐41 with a hexagonal structure, superparamagnetic behavior, and an average particle size of 8–25 nm. The catalytic activity of the nanocatalyst was evaluated towards the synthesis of structurally different 5‐phenyl‐5,10‐dihydropyrido[2,3‐d : 6,5‐d′]dipyrimidine‐2,4,6,8(1H,3H,7H,9H) tetraone derivatives through one‐pot multicomponent condensation under green conditions. Fe3O4@MCM‐41‐GPTMS‐Gu‐CuII catalyzed many consecutive trials at least five runs. High to excellent yields in short reaction times, simple procedure, environmental friendliness, less toxic solvents, high stability, and reusability of the catalyst are considerable advantages of the prepared catalytic system.
Syntheses and Applications of Malonamide Derivatives – A Minireview
Authors: Aderibigbe Abiodun D. , Day David P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMalonamide derivatives are an important class of organic compounds utilized in an array of applications. As such, numerous research efforts have focused on ways to synthesize and decorate these molecules. This minireview is separated into sections focusing on syntheses of malonamide derivatives from key starting materials. Throughout this report, critical analysis of the routes to and applications of malonamide derivatives are documented, highlighting the adaptability across scientific fields.
(Arylsulfinyl)difluoromethylation of Alkyl Halides: Facile Access to Diverse Fluorinated Compounds
Authors: Liu Hefu , Wang Zhongyi , Li Xiangye , Diao Zhengzhen , Liu Hui , Sun Fenggang , Li Yueyun , Dong Yunhui , Li Xinjin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA facile and efficient (arylsulfinyl)difluoromethylation of alkyl halides with aryl difluoromethyl sulfoxide (ArSOCF2H) has been developed. The reaction tolerates a variety of functional groups and afford the (arylsulfinyl)difluoromethylated products in moderate to good yields. Reduction of the sulfoxide products can conveniently afford aromatic difluoroalkylsulfides in good yields and the transformation of phenylsulfinyl group to other useful moieties is also accomplished. It is noted that the difluoromethyl heteroaryl sulfoxides (2‐PySOCF2H and BTSOCF2H) give heteroaryl thioethers rather than difluoroalkyled sulfoxides by removal of carbonylfluoride (COF2).
Synthetic route to vanadium(III) dichalcogenidophosphinate complexes, V(S2PPh2)3 and V(Se2PPh2)3: A spectroscopic and structural comparative study with analogous complexes of chromium(III), Cr(E2PPh2)3 (E=S, Se)
Authors: Phipps Christine A. , Rosenberger Joanna M. , Miller McKenzie M. , Parkin Sean R. , Brown Jessie L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAddition of the potassium dichalcogenidodiphenylphosphinate salts, KE2PPh2 (E=S, Se), to either the THF solvate of vanadium(III) chloride or unsolvated chromium(III) chloride results in rapid ligand substitution and the formation of a series of closely‐related trivalent, neutral mononuclear complexes, M(E2PPh2)3 (M=V, Cr; E=S, Se), isolated in modest to good yield. The metal dichalcogenidophosphinate complexes reported herein were characterized by IR, UV‐vis, and 1H NMR spectroscopies, and their solid‐state molecular structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. Importantly, the comparative analysis includes the structural and spectroscopic studies of two rare V(III) dithio‐ and diseleno‐phosphinate VE6 cores, as well as, two previously known CrE6 analogues. In the solid‐state the title complexes exhibit trigonal distortion from octahedral with torsion angles ranging from 43(2) to 50.3(6)° and structural parameters consistent with ligation of progressively ‘softer’ chalcogen‐donors.
Charakteristika und Outcome von 70 beatmeten COVID-19-Patienten
Authors: Schroeder Ines , Scharf Christina , Zoller Michael , Wassilowsky Dietmar , Frank Sandra , Stecher Stephanie-Susanne , Stemmler Joachim , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Peterß Sven , Zwißler Bernhard , Irlbeck Michael 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine aktuelle, deutschlandweite Datenerhebung zeigte bei beatmeten Patienten mit COVID-19 eine Letalität von über 50 %. Auch am LMU Klinikum wurde eine große Anzahl an Patienten mit COVID-19 mit teils erheblicher Erkrankungsschwere intensivmedizinisch behandelt.

Fragestellung
Die Daten der am LMU-Klinikum behandelten COVID-19-Patienten wurden systematisch ausgewertet und mit den deutschlandweiten Daten verglichen.

Methodik
Für die vorliegende Studie wurden die Daten aller Patienten, die bis zum 31.07.2020 am LMU-Klinikum aufgrund von COVID-19 invasiv und nichtinvasiv beatmet wurden und deren Krankenhausaufenthalt zum Zeitpunkt der Auswertung bereits abgeschlossen war, analysiert und mittels deskriptiver Statistik aufgearbeitet.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 70 kritisch kranke, beatmete Patienten (SAPS-II-Median: 62 Punkte) analysiert (Altersmedian: 66 Jahre, 81 % männlich). Über 90 % wurden wegen eines akuten Lungenversagens (ARDS) unterschiedlicher Schweregrade behandelt. Eine Therapie mittels extrakorporaler Membranoxygenierung (ECMO) war bei 10 % erforderlich. Die Übernahme von externen Kliniken im Rahmen einer ARDS/ECMO-Anfrage erfolgte bei 27,1 % der Patienten. Häufig eingesetzte immunmodulatorische Therapien waren die Behandlung mit Cytosorb® (18,6 %) und die prolongierte Gabe von Methylprednisolon (25,7 %). Die krankenhausinterne Letalität betrug 28,6 %.

Fazit
Trotz erheblicher Erkrankungsschwere lag die Letalität bei beatmeten COVID-19-Intensivpatienten im LMU-Kollektiv deutlich unter der deutschlandweit erhobenen Letalität. Ein möglicher Faktor ist die Behandlung in einem Zentrum für ARDS.
What is the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of oral cancer in 2020?
Authors: de Bree Remco , de Keizer Bart , Civantos Francisco J. , Takes Robert P. , Rodrigo Juan P. , Hernandez-Prera Juan C. , Halmos Gyorgy B. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractApproximately 70–80% of patients with cT1-2N0 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) ultimately prove to have no cancer in the cervical lymphatics on final pathology after selective neck dissection. As a result, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been adopted during the last decade as a diagnostic staging method to intelligently identify patients who would benefit from formal selective lymphadenectomy or neck irradiation. While not yet universally accepted, SLNB is now incorporated in many national guidelines. SLNB offers a less invasive alternative to elective neck dissection (END), and has some advantages and disadvantages. SLNB can assess the individual drainage pattern and, with step serial sectioning and immunohistochemistry (IHC), can enable the accurate detection of micrometastases and isolated tumor cells (ITCs). Staging of the neck is improved relative to END with routine histopathological examination. The improvements in staging are particularly notable for the contralateral neck and the pretreated neck. However, for floor of mouth (FOM) tumors, occult metastases are frequently missed by SLNB due to the proximity of activity from the primary site to the lymphatics (the shine through phenomenon). For FOM cancers, it is advised to perform either elective neck dissection or superselective neck dissection of the preglandular triangle of level I. New tracers and techniques under development may improve the diagnostic accuracy of SLNB for early-stage OSCC, particularly for FOM tumors. Treatment of the neck (either neck dissection or radiotherapy), although limited to levels I–IV, remains mandatory for any positive category of metastasis (macrometastasis, micrometastasis, or ITCs). Recently, the updated EANM practical guidelines for SLN localization in OSCC and the surgical consensus guidelines on SLNB in patients with OSCC were published. In this review, the current evidence and results of SLNB in early OSCC are presented.
Can Migrants’ Emigration Intentions Predict Their Actual Behaviors? Evidence from a Swiss Survey
Authors: Wanner Philippe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we use original linked data to better understand the relationship between remigration intentions and actual behaviors and, more specifically, to verify whether remigration intentions can predict migrants’ actual behaviors. To do so, we compare self-declared remigration intentions with actual departures during the 2 years following a survey. Then, we analyze to what extent the factors associated with both dimensions are similar. The results show that 96% of migrants who wanted to stay in Switzerland actually stayed and that 71% of those who wanted to leave the country actually left. Overall, intentions were a good predictor of behaviors, and the factors associated with remigration intentions and actual behaviors were almost the same. However, intentions reflected migrants’ personal feelings at the time of the survey and sometimes reflected their potential to remain in Switzerland from a legal point of view. Behaviors were more rational than intentions in that migrants’ reflections on their actual situations were more profound, and their choices to stay in Switzerland or to leave were thus influenced by rational elements such as their labor market situations or family constraints.
Is Training with the N-Back Task More Effective Than with Other Tasks? N-Back vs. Dichotic Listening vs. Simple Listening
Authors: Studer-Luethi Barbara , Meier Beat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCognitive training most commonly uses computerized tasks that stimulate simultaneous cognitive processing in two modalities, such as a dual n-back task with visual and auditive stimuli, or on two receptive channels, such as a listening task with dichotically presented stimuli. The present study was designed to compare a dual n-back task and a dichotic listening (DL) task with an active control condition (a simple listening task) and a no-training control condition for their impact on cognitive performance, daily life memory, and mindfulness. One hundred thirty healthy adults aged 18–55 years were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions. The training consisted of twenty 15-min sessions spread across 4 weeks. The results indicated some improvement on episodic memory tasks and a trend for enhanced performance in an untrained working memory (WM) span task following cognitive training relative to the no-training control group. However, the only differential training effects were found for the DL training in increasing choice reaction performance and a trend for self-reported mindfulness. Transfer to measures of fluid intelligence and memory in daily life did not emerge. Additionally, we found links between self-efficacy and n-back training performance and between emotion regulation and training motivation. Our results contribute to the field of WM training by demonstrating that our listening tasks are comparable in effect to a dual n-back task in slightly improving memory. The possibility of improving attentional control and mindfulness through dichotic listening training is promising and deserves further consideration.
The analysis of freshwater pearl mussel shells using µ-XRF (micro-x-ray fluorescence) and the applicability for environmental reconstruction
Authors: Leppänen J. J. , Saarinen T. , Jilbert T. , Oulasvirta P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFreshwater pearl mussel is a highly threatened species, and many populations are currently on the brink of local extinction. For example, in south Finland, only two populations are currently viable. Even though the reasons for the mussels’ demise are relatively well known, the long-term impacts of water quality are not completely resolved. Here, µ-XRF analysis and historical records were used to evaluate whether the differences in water chemistry or past environmental changes in three rivers in southern Finland are visible in mussel shell chemistry. The results show that the cracks inside mussel shells, invisible to the naked eye, may greatly affect the elemental composition results. Further, anomalies which could be related to inclusion of detrital matter inside the shells were detected. Manganese (Mn) seems to be related to mussel growth dynamics, especially in the nacreous layer, while high values of iron (Fe) and Mn are also present at the top sections of the prismatic layer. Line scan analysis revealed high variation between replicates. The µ-XRF method could be used as prescreening method in mussel sclerochemistry studies, but more studies are needed to clarify the ability of FPM shells to reliably record the environmental conditions.
The Global Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes, Variants, and Haplotypes in 2019nCoVR
Authors: Song Shuhui , Ma Lina , Zou Dong , Tian Dongmei , Li Cuiping , Zhu Junwei , Chen Meili , Wang Anke , Ma Yingke , Li Mengwei , Teng Xufei , Cui Ying , Duan Guangya , Zhang Mochen , Jin Tong , Shi Chengmin , Du Zhenglin , Zhang Yadong , Liu Chuandong , Li Rujiao , Zeng Jingyao , Hao Lili , Jiang Shuai , Chen Hua , Han Dali , Xiao Jingfa , Zhang Zhang , Zhao Wenming , Xue Yongbiao , Bao Yiming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
On January 22, 2020, China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB) released the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource (2019nCoVR), an open-access information resource for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 2019nCoVR features a comprehensive integration of sequence and clinical information for all publicly available SARS-CoV-2 isolates, which are manually curated with value-added annotations and quality evaluated by an automated in-house pipeline. Of particular note, 2019nCoVR offers systematic analyses to generate a dynamic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 genomic variations at a global scale. It provides all identified variants and their detailed statistics for each virus isolate, and congregates the quality score, functional annotation, and population frequency for each variant. Spatiotemporal change for each variant can be visualized and historical viral haplotype network maps for the course of the outbreak are also generated based on all complete and high-quality genomes available. Moreover, 2019nCoVR provides a full collection of SARS-CoV-2 relevant literature on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including published papers from PubMed as well as preprints from services such as bioRxiv and medRxiv through Europe PMC. Furthermore, by linking with relevant databases in CNCB, 2019nCoVR offers data submission services for raw sequence reads and assembled genomes, and data sharing with NCBI. Collectively, SARS-CoV-2 is updated daily to collect the latest information on genome sequences, variants, haplotypes, and literature for a timely reflection, making 2019nCoVR a valuable resource for the global research community. 2019nCoVR is accessible at https://bigd.big.ac.cn/ncov/.
Generation of geometric interpolations of building types with deep variational autoencoders
Authors: de Miguel Rodríguez Jaime , Villafañe Maria Eugenia , Piškorec Luka , Sancho Caparrini Fernando 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis work presents a methodology for the generation of novel 3D objects resembling wireframes of building types. These result from the reconstruction of interpolated locations within the learnt distribution of variational autoencoders (VAEs), a deep generative machine learning model based on neural networks. The data set used features a scheme for geometry representation based on a ‘connectivity map’ that is especially suited to express the wireframe objects that compose it. Additionally, the input samples are generated through ‘parametric augmentation’, a strategy proposed in this study that creates coherent variations among data by enabling a set of parameters to alter representative features on a given building type. In the experiments that are described in this paper, more than 150 k input samples belonging to two building types have been processed during the training of a VAE model. The main contribution of this paper has been to explore parametric augmentation for the generation of large data sets of 3D geometries, showcasing its problems and limitations in the context of neural networks and VAEs. Results show that the generation of interpolated hybrid geometries is a challenging task. Despite the difficulty of the endeavour, promising advances are presented.
Chaos and frequent hypercyclicity for weighted shifts
Authors: CHARPENTIER STÉPHANE , GROSSE-ERDMANN KARL , MENET QUENTIN 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBayart and Ruzsa [Difference sets and frequently hypercyclic weighted shifts.Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.35(2015), 691–709] have recently shown that every frequently hypercyclic weighted shift on$\ell ^p$is chaotic. This contrasts with an earlier result of Bayart and Grivaux [Frequently hypercyclic operators.Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.358(2006), 5083–5117], who constructed a non-chaotic frequently hypercyclic weighted shift on$c_0$. We first generalize the Bayart–Ruzsa theorem to all Banach sequence spaces in which the unit sequences form a boundedly complete unconditional basis. We then study the relationship between frequent hypercyclicity and chaos for weighted shifts on Fréchet sequence spaces, in particular, on Köthe sequence spaces, and then on the special class of power series spaces. We obtain, rather curiously, that every frequently hypercyclic weighted shift on$H(\mathbb {D})$is chaotic, while$H(\mathbb {C})$admits a non-chaotic frequently hypercyclic weighted shift.
Diffeomorphism cocycles over partially hyperbolic systems
Authors: SADOVSKAYA VICTORIA 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe consider Hölder continuous cocycles over an accessible partially hyperbolic system with values in the group of diffeomorphisms of a compact manifold
$\mathcal {M}$
. We obtain several results for this setting. If a cocycle is bounded in
$C^{1+\gamma }$
, we show that it has a continuous invariant family of
$\gamma $
-Hölder Riemannian metrics on
$\mathcal {M}$
. We establish continuity of a measurable conjugacy between two cocycles assuming bunching or existence of holonomies for both and pre-compactness in
$C^0$
for one of them. We give conditions for existence of a continuous conjugacy between two cocycles in terms of their cycle weights. We also study the relation between the conjugacy and holonomies of the cocycles. Our results give arbitrarily small loss of regularity of the conjugacy along the fiber compared to that of the holonomies and of the cocycle.
Gaslighting, First- and Second-Order
Authors: Catapang Podosky Paul-Mikhail 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn what sense do people doubt their understanding of reality when subject to gaslighting? I suggest that an answer to this question depends on the linguistic order at which a gaslighting exchange takes place. This marks a distinction between first-order and second-order gaslighting. The former occurs when there is disagreement over whether a shared concept applies to some aspect of the world, and where the use of words by a speaker is apt to cause hearers to doubt their interpretive abilities without doubting the accuracy of their concepts. The latter occurs when there is disagreement over which concept should be used in a context, and where the use of words by a speaker is apt to cause hearers to doubt their interpretive abilities in virtue of doubting the accuracy of their concepts. Many cases of second-order gaslighting are unintentional: its occurrence often depends on contingent environmental facts. I end the article by focusing on the distinctive epistemic injustices of second-order gaslighting: (1) metalinguistic deprivation, (2) conceptual obscuration, and (3) perspectival subversion. I show how each reliably has sequelae in terms of psychological and practical control.
Higher Education Financing in Lesotho: Regulation to Realize Its Sustainability and Increase Inclusiveness
Authors: Nkisi Morongoe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigher education plays a central role in countries’ realization of their socio-economic development and in establishing a competitive, skilled workforce globally. The need for a skilled workforce, combined with scarcity in financial resources pertaining to higher education, has resulted in governments resolving to finance higher education. This article seeks to encourage adequate regulation to realize the sustainability of higher education financing in Lesotho, to achieve greater inclusiveness in institutions of higher learning. Through the National Manpower Power Development Council Act 8 of 1978, the Lesotho government established the National Manpower Development Council, which is aimed at facilitating the granting of loan bursaries from a fund administered by the National Manpower Development Secretariat. However, these efforts have faced challenges due to the increased cost of financing higher education. Poor management of the loan recovery function, increasing default by graduates on their repayment obligations and a lack of concerted efforts between the respective government departments threaten its sustainability.