bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contributions of child–mother attachment, maternal parenting stress, and military status to the prediction of child behavior problems
Authors: Tupper Rachel , Bureau Jean‐François , Deneault Audrey‐Ann , Dixon‐Luinenburg Titania , St‐Laurent Diane 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTStudies show that children with a military parent are at heightened risk of the development of behavior problems. However, there is limited work examining how other factors experienced by military families may also influence behavior problems. In the current study, we recruited three types of Canadian families with a preschooler: families with a deployed military member, families with a nondeployed military member, and nonmilitary families. We examined whether the nonmilitary parent's (in all cases the mother) parenting stress and attachment relationship with the child are associated with behavior problems, and whether deployment status further contributes to the prediction. Child–mother dyads participated in an observed attachment assessment, and mothers reported on their stress levels and their child's behavior. Results showed that both child attachment insecurity and parenting stress were associated with elevated levels of internalizing problems; however, only parenting stress was associated with conduct problems. Military deployment predicted higher levels of internalizing and conduct problems beyond the contributions of attachment and stress. Furthermore, having a father in the military (whether deployed or not) also contributed to internalizing problems. These findings shed light on how the military lifestyle impacts early childhood mental health through the complex interplay between various parts of their environment.
Dimensions that characterize and mechanisms that cause the misuse of information systems for corrupt practices in the Nigerian public sector
Authors: Inuwa Ibrahim , Ononiwu Chidi , Kah Muhammadou M. O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article explores the dimensions and structural mechanisms that can foster the misuse of information systems (IS) for corrupt practices. Using the abductive‐retroductive strategy native to critical realism, we present a realist conceptualization of why the misuse of IS for corrupt practices occurs in the Nigerian public sector. Routine activity, reintegrative shaming, model of emergent IT use, and normalization theories were adopted as theoretical lenses. Danermark et al's six‐stage explanatory framework embedded with a single case study was adopted as the methodology. Focus group and semistructured interviews were used as primary sources of data, while archival documents and press media reports were used as secondary data sources. From the data analysis, malleability structures of the IS artifacts, dysfunctional structures of the Nigerian state, embeddedness of corrupt routines into IS artifacts, institutionalization, socialization, rationalization, and negative reintegrative shaming were identified as core causal structural mechanisms generating the misuse of IS for corrupt practices in the study context. Such corrupt practices were clustered in motivated offenders, suitable targets, and absence of a capable guardian as dimensions that characterized the misuse of IS by our findings. Our findings contribute to theory, practice, and the methodology of critical realism.
TGFβ Regulation of Perilacunar/Canalicular Remodeling Is Sexually Dimorphic
Authors: Dole Neha S , Yee Cristal S , Mazur Courtney M , Acevedo Claire , Alliston Tamara 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Bone fragility is the product of defects in bone mass and bone quality, both of which show sex-specific differences. Despite this, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning the sexually dimorphic control of bone quality remain unclear, limiting our ability to effectively prevent fractures, especially in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Recently, using male mice, we found that systemic or osteocyte-intrinsic inhibition of TGFβ signaling, achieved using the 9.6-kb DMP1 promoter-driven Cre recombinase (TβRIIocy−/− mice), suppresses osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR) and compromises bone quality. Because systemic TGFβ inhibition more robustly increases bone mass in female than male mice, we postulated that sex-specific differences in bone quality could likewise result, in part, from dimorphic regulation of PLR by TGFβ. Moreover, because lactation induces PLR, we examined the effect of TGFβ inhibition on the female skeleton during lactation. In contrast to males, female mice that possess an osteocyte-intrinsic defect in TGFβ signaling were protected from TGFβ-dependent defects in PLR and bone quality. The expression of requisite PLR enzymes, the lacunocanalicular network (LCN), and the flexural strength of female TβRIIocy−/− bone was intact. With lactation, however, bone loss and induction in PLR and osteocytic parathyroid hormone type I receptor (PTHR1) expression, were suppressed in TβRIIocy−/− bone, relative to the control littermates. Indeed, differential control of PTHR1 expression, by TGFβ and other factors, may contribute to dimorphism in PLR regulation in male and female TβRIIocy−/− mice. These findings provide key insights into the sex-based differences in osteocyte PLR that underlie bone quality and highlight TGFβ signaling as a crucial regulator of lactation-induced PLR. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Di‐functional magnetic nanoflowers: A highly efficient support for immobilizing penicillin G acylase
Authors: Zhaoyu Zheng , Ping Xue , Keren Shi , Weiwei Zhang , Chunmiao Hu , Peng Li 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe novel di‐functional magnetic nanoflowers (DMNF) which had both epoxy groups and hydrophilic catechol as well as phthaloquinone groups capable of covalently coupling of penicillin G acylase (PGA) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer, N2 adsorption, and so on. The studies showed that DMNF possessed “hierarchical petal” structure of nanosheets had specific saturation magnetization of 39.7 emu/g and average pore diameter of 25.4 nm as well as specific surface area of 17.28 m2/g. For hydrolysis of penicillin G potassium catalyzed by the PGA immobilized on DMNF with enzyme loading of 106 mg/g‐support, its apparent activity reached 2,667 U/g, which benefited from the “hierarchical petal” and large pore structure of the magnetic DMNF leading to high enzyme loading and fast diffusion of substrate molecules to the immobilized PGA to reaction. The apparent activity of the immobilized PGA could keep 2,408 U/g (above 90% of its initial activity) after repeating use for 10 cycles. The magnetic immobilized PGA exhibited excellent operational stability due to covalently coupling of the enzyme molecules between the support by covalent interaction of the amino groups of PGA and the reactive groups of epoxy, catechol, and phthaloquinone groups on DMNF. Furthermore, the PGA displayed good acid and alkaline resistance as well as thermal stability by immobilization using DMNF.
The potential of circulating microRNA‐125a and microRNA‐125b as markers for inflammation and clinical response to infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Cheng Peng , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study was to investigate the changes in circulating microRNA (miR)‐125a and miR‐125b during infliximab (IFX) treatment, and their value in predicting clinical response to IFX in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsThe plasma samples were obtained from 96 active RA patients who underwent 24‐week IFX treatment and from 96 healthy controls to detect miR‐125a and miR‐125b expressions by RT‐qPCR. Clinical response was assessed according to EULAR criteria based on disease activity alleviation at week 4, week 12, and week 24.ResultsMiR‐125a and miR‐125b expressions were both elevated in RA patients compared with healthy controls, and they could differentiate RA patients from healthy controls by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Baseline miR‐125a positively correlated with C‐reactive protein (CRP) level; meanwhile, baseline miR‐125b positively correlated with tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), CRP, and DAS28‐ESR score in RA patients. With the 24‐week IFX treatment, clinical response rate was gradually increased, while miR‐125a and miR‐125b expressions were gradually decreased in RA patients. At week 24, 69 (71.9%) patients responded to IFX treatment, while 27 (28.1%) patients did not respond to IFX treatment. Importantly, baseline miR‐125a and miR‐125b expressions were higher in responders than that in non‐responders, further multivariate logistic regression analysis disclosed that miR‐125b but not miR‐125a could independently predict better clinical response to IFX in RA patients.ConclusionCirculating miR‐125a and miR‐125b displays the potency for guiding personalized treatment strategy and improving clinical outcomes in RA patients.
Identification of potential metabolite markers for colon cancer and rectal cancer using serum metabolomics
Authors: Wu Jianping , Wu Minyi , Wu Qianxia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the metabolic characteristics of patients with colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC) using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS)‐based metabolomics.MethodsIn this study, serum samples were collected from 22 CC patients and 23 RC patients preoperatively and postoperatively and 45 healthy volunteers (HVs), and subjected to metabolomics analysis by GC‐MS. Differential metabolites in the preoperative RC and CC samples and HVs were identified as potential biomarkers and evaluated for their utilities by receiver operating characteristic analyses.ResultsThe different metabolic markers between CC and RC patients were identified, which may assist in distinguishing the two types of cancers. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.805 for combination of d‐glucose and d‐mannose for CC diagnosis, and 0.889 for combination of 2‐aminobutanoic acid, 3‐hydroxypyridine, d‐glucose, d‐mannose, isoleucine, l‐tryptophan, urea, and uric acid for RC diagnosis. The combinations of metabolite markers showed a better predictability than CEA and CA199 two commonly used protein markers for CRC diagnosis in clinical practice. Combining the metabolite markers with these two protein markers effectively improved the diagnostic accuracy with the AUC reaching 0.936 and 0.937 for CC and RC diagnosis, respectively.ConclusionsMetabolic profiles are different in the blood samples between CC and RC patients. The study has established a panel of metabolic markers as a predictive and multiplexing signature for CC and RC diagnosis.
Solar light responsive TiO2‐ZnO, modified with graphitic carbon nitride nano‐sheet for degradation of AB29
Authors: Ani Ijeoma J , Akpan Uduak G , Olutoye Moses A , Hameed Bassim H 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhotodegradation has drawn much attention in recent decades due to the technique’s ability to mineralize nonbiodegradable pollutants. Renewable energy sources, such as solar light energy, can be used to aid the reaction in the present of a solar light‐responsive photocatalyst. Mixed metal oxides (TiO2‐ZnO) modified with graphitic carbon nitride (gCNS‐3TiZn) were synthesized successfully and employed for the degradation of AB29 under artificial solar light. Ultrasonication–hydrothermal treatment was used to develop gCNS‐3TiZn.RESULTSSurface analysis investigation showed that the material is mesoporous with 5 nm pore diameter and 195 m2 g–1 surface area. The optical analysis showed successful reduction in the band gap of the material, making it capable of efficiently absorbing light energy in the visible wave region. The developed gCNS‐3TiZn was 3.33‐fold faster at AB29 degradation than the unmodified mixed oxides under the same reaction conditions, and this was attributed to the reduction in band‐gap energy of the catalyst resulting in a better absorption of solar light. It took 60 min to attain complete degradation of 50 ppm AB29 using 1.25 g L–1 gCNS‐3TiZn loading, whereas the AB29 degradation by the unmodified catalyst under the same conditions took 200 min to attain complete degradation. Recyclability study on gCNS‐3TiZn revealed that it can be used up to 10 cycles in the degradation of the selected pollutant without diminished performance.CONCLUSIONThe synthesized photocatalyst is a potential candidate for real wastewater treatment due to its reusability, stability and ability to utilize solar light as renewable energy source. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of glycidyl methacrylate modified hyper‐cross‐linked resins and enhancing their adsorptions toward levulinic acid and furfural from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate
Authors: Zhang Liquan , Wang Can , Zhang Hairong , Guo Haijun , Xiong Lian , Li Hailong , Chen Xuefang , Chen Xinde 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDLevulinic acid (LA) and furfural are important biomass‐based platform compounds. During the preparation of LA and furfural from lignocellulosic biomass, other organic chemicals including sugars, formic acid, acetic acid, and acid‐soluble lignin (ASL) will be produced simultaneously. Thus, the purification of LA and furfural is an important process. In this work, a series of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) modified hyper‐cross‐linked resins were synthesized and the mechanism of pore formation of the resins was studied. Furthermore, the effect of their textural properties on adsorption performance towards LA and furfural was investigated.RESULTSThe hyper‐cross‐linked resin modified with 50 wt% GMA (PC‐4) achieved the best adsorption performance. The adsorption capacities of LA and furfural onto PC‐4 were 100.81 and 40.22 mg g−1, respectively, which were 2423.76% and 249.24% higher than the un‐modified resin HQ‐8, and 31.0% and 22.7% higher than its precursor PR‐4. During desorption process, the average desorption ratio of LA and furfural were 94.96% and 97.86%, respectively. Moreover, PC‐4 also showed a good adsorption performance towards formic acid, acetic acid, and ASL, while sugar loss rate was about 5%.CONCLUSIONThis study not only reported a potential adsorbent, PC‐4, for the comprehensive utilization of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate, but it also studied the relationship between synthesis conditions, resin structures, and its adsorption performance of GMA modified hyper‐cross‐linked resins, which provides a guidance for new adsorbent design. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Saltwater based fractionation and valorisation of macroalgae
Authors: Jones Edward S , Raikova Sofia , Ebrahim Sharif , Parsons Sophie , Allen Michael J , Chuck Christopher J 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMacroalgae are gaining increasing interest as an important biomass feedstock. Yet when valorising marine biomass, the presence of salt can pose a substantial obstacle to the effectiveness of downstream biological and chemical processes, as well as the engineering infrastructure required. Accordingly, dewatering, washing and drying are often considered the first and crucial primary steps in processing marine biomass such macroalgae. The high costs of these processes can make further marine biorefinery commercialisation prohibitive. This investigation assesses simple pre‐treatments for macroalgal biomass in saltwater, thereby reducing the freshwater footprint, and removing the need for an energy‐intensive washing and drying stage.RESULTSUsing acid and basic catalysts, the carbohydrate and soluble protein components were fractionated into a soluble aqueous phase, for further fermentation and a solid phase suitable for hydrothermal liquefaction. The presence of saltwater was found to aid the fractionation process, solubilising more of the biomass. The use of H2SO4 produced more monosaccharides, whereas NaOH solubilised higher levels of biomass at lower temperatures. The aqueous phase was demonstrated to be suitable for biological processing with the salt tolerant yeast Metschnikowia pulcherrima, and the residual solids suitable for processing via hydrothermal liquefaction.CONCLUSIONBy contrast with existing pre‐treatment strategies, we demonstrate that an entirely salt‐based biochemical conversion route is a potentially viable option. For the first time this work demonstrates that, rather than a hindrance, the presence of saltwater can be advantageous, and could provide an alternative, more cost‐effective pathway to achieving a successful macroalgal‐based biorefinery.
Comparative gross and scanning electron microscopical study of the oropharyngeal roof of young and adult domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica)
Authors: Mahdy Mohamed A. A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study aims to compare the morphology of the oropharyngeal roof of young and adult domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) by gross observation, morphometric measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The oropharyngeal roof was divided into the palate and pharyngeal roof. The palate was narrow triangular in shape and concave along its length. It could be divided into a rostral part contained three longitudinal palatine ridges and a caudal part contained the choanal slit. The choanal slit consisted of narrow rostral and wide caudal parts. The edges of the narrow part were encircled by small caudomedially directed papillae. On the contrary, the edges of the wide part of slit were free from papillae. By SEM, the palatal mucosa in young pigeon showed primordia of small papillae which increased in number and size forming a longitudinal row of papillae parallel to the edges of the rostral narrow part of slit in adult pigeon. The surface of the pharyngeal roof appeared smooth in young pigeon, while in adult pigeon, it showed dome‐shaped elevations. The infundibular cleft had smooth edges. The caudal part of the pharyngeal roof formed an elevated transverse mucosal fold on which a transverse row of conical‐shaped papillae was present. In conclusion, our results documented the presence of some differences between the oropharyngeal roof of young and adult pigeon, which suggest a high degree of functional adaptation in adult pigeon to their diet compared to young pigeon. Such adaptations might increase the efficiency of food prehension in adult pigeon.
The present study compared the morphology of the oropharyngeal roof of young and adult domestic pigeon by gross observation, morphometry, and scanning electron microscopy.
The morphometrical data showed higher values in adult pigeon compared to young pigeon.
The palatal mucosa and the pharyngeal roof of adult pigeon showed papillae and elevations that were not present in young pigeon.
Our results suggest a high degree of functional adaptation in adult pigeon to their diet compared to young pigeon. Such adaptations might increase the efficiency of food prehension in adult pigeon.
Beneficial outcome of early dietary lysine restriction as an adjunct to pyridoxine therapy in a child with pyridoxine dependant epilepsy due to Antiquitin deficiency
Authors: Kava Maina P. , Bryant Leah , Rowe Peter , Lewis Barry , Greed Lawrence , Balasubramaniam Shanti 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a potentially treatable vitamin‐responsive epileptic encephalopathy. The most prevalent form of PDE is due to an underlying genetic defect in ALDH7A1 encoding Antiquitin (ATQ), an enzyme with α‐aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (AASADH) activity which facilitates cerebral lysine degradation. Devastating outcomes including intellectual disability and significant developmental delays are still observed in 75% to 80% of pyridoxine responsive individuals with good seizure control, potentially attributable to the accumulation of toxic intermediates α‐aminoadipic semialdehyde (AASA) and its cyclic form Δ1‐piperideine‐6‐carboxylate (P6C) in plasma, urine and CSF. Thus, adjunct treatment strategies incorporating lysine restriction and arginine supplementation, separately or in combination with pyridoxine have been attempted to enhance seizure control and improve cognitive function. We describe a 4 year old girl with classical PDE who demonstrated significant improvements in clinical, neurological and developmental outcomes including absence of clinical seizures and cessation of antiepileptic medications since age 3 months, normalisation of EEG, significant improvement in the white matter signal throughout the cerebrum on neuroimaging and significant reduction in urine P6C and pipecolic acid levels post‐ combined therapy with lysine restricted diet in conjunction with pyridoxine and folinic acid. Lysine restriction was well tolerated with impressive compliance and plasma lysine levels remained within the lower reference ranges; mean level 70 μmol/L (ref range 52‐196 μmol/L). This case further emphasizes the benefit of early dietary intervention as an effective adjunct in the management of PDE.
Variation of Tpeak‐end, corrected Tpeak‐end, QT, and corrected QT intervals, Tpeak‐end/QT, Tpeak‐end/corrected QT ratios and heart rate variability according to decades in the healthy male subjects aged between 30 and 79 years
Authors: Cosgun Ayhan , Oren Huseyin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHeart rate variability (HRV) is a predictor of cardiac autonomic functions. Ventricular repolarization markers can indicate ventricular arrhythmias. We aimed to evaluate variations of HRV and these repolarization markers in five healthy male groups between age 30 and 79 years according to decades.Materials and MethodsThe study group consisted of 500 healthy male subjects between October 2018 and May 2019. The male subjects were divided into five categories according to their ages. Then, electrocardiograms (ECG), transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE), and treadmill exercise test (TET) were performed. T‐wave peak‐end (Tp‐e) interval was defined as the time between the peak point and end of T‐wave. Tp‐e, corrected Tp‐e (cTp‐e), QT, and corrected QT (QTc) were measured from the resting ECGs and HRV temporal parameters (SDNN, SDNN Index, SDANN Index, RMSSD, sNN50, and pNN50), and HRV frequency parameters (VLF, LF, HF, and LF/HF) were obtained from 24‐hour Holter monitorization recordings. One‐way ANOVA test was used for the differences between the groups. Pearson correlation test was used to determine the correlations between the values of all groups.ResultsConsidering the repolarization parameters, there are significant differences in five groups in terms of Tp‐e interval, but not Tp‐e/QT and Tp‐e/QTc ratios. Considering the HRV parameters, there were statistically significant differences between the five male healthy groups in terms of HRV temporal parameters and there are no significant differences in terms of HRV frequency parameters.ConclusionAs the age increases, basal Tp‐e interval increases and HRV temporal parameters decrease significantly in the male subjects aged between 30 and 79 years, but HRV frequency parameters do not change.