bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stark broadening of Co ii spectral lines in hot stars and white dwarf spectra
Authors: Majlinger Zlatko , Dimitrijević Milan S , Srećković Vladimir A 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Stark full widths at half-maximum for 46 Co ii multiplets have been calculated using modified semi-empirical method. The obtained results have been used to demonstrate the importance of Stark broadening mechanism in DA and DB white dwarf and A star atmospheres. With the obtained results we also test possibility of using some approximate methods of Stark width calculations developed on the basis of regularities and systematic trends.
Simulating kilonovae in the ΛCDM universe
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Wang Jie , Zhang Fenghui , Li Li-Xin , Wang Lan , Li Ran , Gao Liang , Han Zhanwen , Pan Jun 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Kilonovae are optical flashes produced in the aftermath of neutron star–neutron star mergers or neutron star–black hole mergers. In this work, we use the Millennium Simulation, combined with semi-analytic galaxy formation model gabe (Galaxy Assembly with Binary Evolution) to explore the cosmic event rate of kilonovae, and the properties of their host galaxies in a cosmological context. We find that model with supernova kick velocity of $V_{\rm kick}=0\, \, {\rm km}\, \, {\rm s}^{-1}$ fits the observation best, satisfying the preference for low kick velocity binary system in theoretical models. With $V_{\rm kick}=0\, \, {\rm km}\, \, {\rm s}^{-1}$, the cosmic event rate of NNMs and NBMs at z = 0 are 283 and $91\, \, {\rm Gpc}^{-3}\, \, {\rm yr}^{-1}$, respectively, marginally consistent with the constraint from LVC GWTC-1. For Milky Way-mass galaxies, we predict the NNM rate is $25.7^{+59.6}_{-7.1}\, {\rm Myr}^{-1}$, which is also in good agreement with the observed properties of binary neutron stars in the Milky Way. Taking all the kilonovae into account in the history of Milky Way-mass galaxies, we find that the averaged r-process elements yield (A &gt; 79) in an NNM/NBM event should be $0.01\, {\rm M}_\odot$ to be consistent with observation. We conclude that NGC 4993, the host galaxy of GW170817, is a typical host galaxy for NNMs. However, generally, NNMs and NBMs tend to reside in young, blue, star-forming, late-type galaxies, with stellar mass, and gaseous metallicity distribution peaking at $M_{\rm *}=10^{10.65}\, {\rm M}_\odot$ and 12 + log (O/H) = 8.72 − 8.85, respectively. By exploring the connection between kilonovae and their host galaxies in the cosmological background, it is promising to constrain model better when we have more events in the forthcoming future.
The mass, spin, and rotational energy of the remnant black holes from compact binary mergers
Authors: Deng Can-Min 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Recently, many gravitational wave events from compact binary mergers have been detected by LIGO. Determining the final mass and spin of the remnant black holes (RBHs) is a fundamental issue and is also important in astrophysics. In this paper, unified models for predicting the final mass and spin of the RBHs from compact binary mergers is proposed. The models achieve a good accuracy within the parameter range of interest. In addition, the rotational energy of the RBHs is also studied that relevant to the electromagnetic counterparts of the mergers. It is found the distribution of the rotational energy of the RBHs from different types of mergers of compact binary has its own characteristics, which might help identify the electromagnetic counterparts associated with the mergers.
The interior of Comet 67P/C–G; revisiting CONSERT results with the exact position of the Philae lander
Authors: Kofman Wlodek , Zine Sonia , Herique Alain , Rogez Yves , Jorda Laurent , Levasseur-Regourd Anny-Chantal 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
CONSERT, a bistatic radar onboard the Rosetta spacecraft and its Philae lander, was designed to probe the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko with radio waves at 90 MHz frequency. In 2016 September, the exact position of Philae was retrieved, within the region previously identified by CONSERT. This allowed us to revisit the measurements and improve our analysis of the properties of the interior, the results of which we present here. The relative permittivity of the materials is found to range from about 1.7 to 1.95 in the shallow subsurface (&lt;25 m) and about 1.2 to 1.32 in the interior. These differences indicate different average densities between the shallow subsurface and the interior of comet. They can be explained by various physical phenomena such as different porosities, the possible compaction of surface materials, or even perhaps different proportions of the same materials. This strongly suggests that the less dense interior has kept its pristine nature.
Intragenic Conflict in Phylogenomic Data Sets
Authors: Smith Stephen A , Walker-Hale Nathanael , Walker Joseph F 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost phylogenetic analyses assume that a single evolutionary history underlies one gene. However, both biological processes and errors can cause intragenic conflict. The extent to which this conflict is present in empirical data sets is not well documented, but if common, could have far-reaching implications for phylogenetic analyses. We examined several large phylogenomic data sets from diverse taxa using a fast and simple method to identify well-supported intragenic conflict. We found conflict to be highly variable between data sets, from 1% to &gt;92% of genes investigated. We analyzed four exemplar genes in detail and analyzed simulated data under several scenarios. Our results suggest that alignment error may be one major source of conflict, but other conflicts remain unexplained and may represent biological signal or other errors. Whether as part of data analysis pipelines or to explore biologically processes, analyses of within-gene phylogenetic signal should become common.
Necdin regulates BMAL1 stability and circadian clock through SGT1-HSP90 chaperone machinery
Authors: Lu Renbin , Dong Yufan , Li Jia-Da 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators that control ∼24-hour physiology and behaviors in virtually all organisms. The circadian oscillator comprises interconnected transcriptional and translational feedback loops, but also requires finely coordinated protein homeostasis including protein degradation and maturation. However, the mechanisms underlying the mammalian clock protein maturation is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that necdin, one of the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)-causative genes, is highly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the pacemaker of circadian clocks in mammals. Mice deficient in necdin show abnormal behaviors during an 8-hour advance jet-lag paradigm and disrupted clock gene expression in the liver. By using yeast two hybrid screening, we identified BMAL1, the core component of the circadian clock, and co-chaperone SGT1 as two necdin-interactive proteins. BMAL1 and SGT1 associated with the N-terminal and C-terminal fragments of necdin, respectively. Mechanistically, necdin enables SGT1-HSP90 chaperone machinery to stabilize BMAL1. Depletion of necdin or SGT1/HSP90 leads to degradation of BMAL1 through the ubiquitin–proteasome system, resulting in alterations in both clock gene expression and circadian rhythms. Taken together, our data identify the PWS-associated protein necdin as a novel regulator of the circadian clock, and further emphasize the critical roles of chaperone machinery in circadian clock regulation.
Enhancement of target specificity of CRISPR–Cas12a by using a chimeric DNA–RNA guide
Authors: Kim Hanseop , Lee Wi-jae , Oh Yeounsun , Kang Seung-Hun , Hur Junho K , Lee Hyomin , Song WooJeung , Lim Kyung-Seob , Park Young-Ho , Song Bong-Seok , Jin Yeung Bae , Jun Bong-Hyun , Jung Cheulhee , Lee Dong-Seok , Kim Sun-Uk , Lee Seung Hwan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The CRISPR–Cas9 system is widely used for target-specific genome engineering. CRISPR–Cas12a (Cpf1) is one of the CRISPR effectors that controls target genes by recognizing thymine-rich protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences. Cas12a has a higher sensitivity to mismatches in the guide RNA than does Cas9; therefore, off-target sequence recognition and cleavage are lower. However, it tolerates mismatches in regions distant from the PAM sequence (TTTN or TTN) in the protospacer, and off-target cleavage issues may become more problematic when Cas12a activity is improved for therapeutic purposes. Therefore, we investigated off-target cleavage by Cas12a and modified the Cas12a (cr)RNA to address the off-target cleavage issue. We developed a CRISPR–Cas12a that can induce mutations in target DNA sequences in a highly specific and effective manner by partially substituting the (cr)RNA with DNA to change the energy potential of base pairing to the target DNA. A model to explain how chimeric (cr)RNA guided CRISPR–Cas12a and SpCas9 nickase effectively work in the intracellular genome is suggested. Chimeric guide-based CRISPR- Cas12a genome editing with reduced off-target cleavage, and the resultant, increased safety has potential for therapeutic applications in incurable diseases caused by genetic mutations.
Routine serum biomarkers, but not dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, correlate with cortical bone mineral density in children and young adults with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lalayiannis Alexander D , Crabtree Nicola J , Ferro Charles J , Askiti Varvara , Mitsioni Andromachi , Biassoni Lorenzo , Kaur Amrit , Sinha Manish D , Wheeler David C , Duncan Neill D , Popoola Joyce , Milford David V , Long Jin , Leonard Mary Beth , Fewtrell Mary , Shroff Rukshana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background. Biomarkers and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are thought to be poor predictors of bone mineral density (BMD). The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines suggest using DXA if the results will affect patient management, but this has not been studied in children or young adults in whom bone mineral accretion continues to 30 years of age. We studied the clinical utility of DXA and serum biomarkers against tibial cortical BMD (CortBMD) measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography, expressed as Z-score CortBMD, which predicts fracture risk.
Methods. This was a cross-sectional multicentre study in 26 patients with CKD4 and 5 and 77 on dialysis.
Results. Significant bone pain that hindered activities of daily living was present in 58%, and 10% had at least one low-trauma fracture. CortBMD and cortical mineral content Z-scores were lower in dialysis compared with CKD patients (P = 0.004 and P = 0.02). DXA BMD hip and lumbar spine Z-scores did not correlate with CortBMD or biomarkers. CortBMD was negatively associated with parathyroid hormone (PTH; r = −0.44, P &lt; 0.0001) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP; r = −0.22, P = 0.03) and positively with calcium (Ca; r = 0.33, P = 0.001). At PTH &lt;3 times upper limit of normal, none of the patients had a CortBMD below −2 SD (odds ratio 95% confidence interval 7.331 to infinity). On multivariable linear regression PTH (β = −0.43 , P &lt; 0.0001), ALP (β = −0.36, P &lt; 0.0001) and Ca (β = 0.21, P = 0.005) together predicted 57% of variability in CortBMD. DXA measures did not improve this model.
Conclusions. Taken together, routinely used biomarkers, PTH, ALP and Ca, but not DXA, are moderate predictors of cortical BMD. DXA is not clinically useful and should not be routinely performed in children and young adults with CKD 4–5D.
Rapid, label-free detection of diffuse glioma recurrence using intraoperative stimulated Raman histology and deep neural networks
Authors: Hollon Todd C , Pandian Balaji , Urias Esteban , Save Akshay V , Adapa Arjun R , Srinivasan Sudharsan , Jairath Neil K , Farooq Zia , Marie Tamara , Al-Holou Wajd N , Eddy Karen , Heth Jason A , Khalsa Siri Sahib S , Conway Kyle , Sagher Oren , Bruce Jeffrey N , Canoll Peter , Freudiger Christian W , Camelo-Piragua Sandra , Lee Honglak , Orringer Daniel A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Detection of glioma recurrence remains a challenge in modern neuro-oncology. Noninvasive radiographic imaging is unable to definitively differentiate true recurrence versus pseudoprogression. Even in biopsied tissue, it can be challenging to differentiate recurrent tumor and treatment effect. We hypothesized that intraoperative stimulated Raman histology (SRH) and deep neural networks can be used to improve the intraoperative detection of glioma recurrence.

Methods
We used fiber laser–based SRH, a label-free, nonconsumptive, high-resolution microscopy method (&lt;60 sec per 1 × 1 mm2) to image a cohort of patients (n = 35) with suspected recurrent gliomas who underwent biopsy or resection. The SRH images were then used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) and develop an inference algorithm to detect viable recurrent glioma. Following network training, the performance of the CNN was tested for diagnostic accuracy in a retrospective cohort (n = 48).

Results
Using patch-level CNN predictions, the inference algorithm returns a single Bernoulli distribution for the probability of tumor recurrence for each surgical specimen or patient. The external SRH validation dataset consisted of 48 patients (recurrent, 30; pseudoprogression, 18), and we achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 95.8%.

Conclusion
SRH with CNN-based diagnosis can be used to improve the intraoperative detection of glioma recurrence in near-real time. Our results provide insight into how optical imaging and computer vision can be combined to augment conventional diagnostic methods and improve the quality of specimen sampling at glioma recurrence.
Multi-decadal (1972–2019) Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora) abundance patterns in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA
Authors: Slesinger Emily , Langan Joseph A , Sullivan Barbara K , Borkman David G , Smayda Theodore J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The influence of a warming climate on patterns of abundance and seasonality of the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi is of interest worldwide, especially in regions where the species occurs at or near the limits of its thermal niche or is shifting its spatial distribution poleward. A 47-year (1972–2019) time series of weekly observations of M. leidyi abundance in Narragansett Bay, the northern limit of its distribution in the Northwest Atlantic, was analyzed to identify links between abundance and environmental factors such as temperature. During this entire period, the species exhibited a striking degree of interannual variability with a gradual decline during the most recent years. Temperature influenced ctenophore abundance, with warmer winter and spring temperatures supporting higher abundances and longer bloom durations. Two blooms were typically observed each year, and both the summer and autumn bloom shifted earlier over time. Chlorophyll was an important factor in the abundance and bloom dynamics of reproductive stage ctenophores, where high levels of summer chlorophyll indicated lower autumn ctenophore abundance, suggesting top-down effects by M. leidyi. These results suggest that multiple factors affect M. leidyi abundance and phenology but that ctenophores in both native and introduced ranges may benefit from continued ocean warming.
Sonographically Guided Percutaneous Sectioning of the Coracohumeral Ligament for the Treatment of Refractory Adhesive Capsulitis: Proof of Concept
Authors: Wahezi Sayed , Yerra Sandeep , Rivelis Yulia , Sitapara Kishan , Gonzalez David , Downie Sherry , Jain Ruchi , Deer Tim , Abd-Elsayed Alaa , Gulati Amit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Treatment options are limited for nonsurgical chronic refractory cases of adhesive capsulitis. We describe a novel percutaneous tenotomy technique for coracohumeral ligament interruption with cadaveric validation.

Objective
The objective of this study was to describe and validate a novel technique for percutaneous interruption of the coracohumeral ligament.

Design
Cadaveric study.

Setting
Academic tertiary care center.

Methods
Eight cadavers underwent ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous incision of the coracohumeral (CHL) ligament. Performance of the procedure requires that the practitioner make oscillatory motions with a needle that uses ultrasound energy to cut through tissue. Each pass removes a pinhead-sized amount of tissue. The number of passes and the cutting time are recorded during the procedure. As a standard for this procedure does not exist, the authors created their own based on the preclinical information presented here. Postprocedure dissection was performed to assess the extent of CHL interruption and injury to surrounding tissue.

Results
The average resection time was seven minutes, requiring 500 passes. The technique described in this paper completely interrupted the CHL in all subjects. Cadaveric analysis demonstrated interruption of the CHL with respect to control shoulders requiring an average of seven minutes of cutting time and ∼500 micro-perforations.

Conclusion
US-guided percutaneous CHL ligament sectioning is possible with a commercially available ultrasonic probe.
Patient-based reliability of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) ultrasound scoring system for salivary gland assessment in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Finzel Stephanie , Jousse-Joulin Sandrine , Costantino Félicie , Hánová Petra , Hocevar Alojzija , Iagnocco Annamaria , Keen Helen , Naredo Esperanza , Ohrndorf Sarah , Schmidt Wolfgang A , D’Agostino Maria Antonietta , Terslev Lene , Bruyn George A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
To assess the reliability of the consensually agreed US definitions of major salivary gland lesions and the US scoring system for salivary gland assessment in patients with SS.

Methods
Nine experienced sonographers scanned and read the US images of both parotid glands (PGs) and submandibular glands (SMGs) in eight patients with primary and secondary SS in two rounds. A consensually agreed four-grade semi-quantitative scoring was applied in B-mode for morphological lesions: grade 0, normal; grade 1, mild inhomogeneity without anechoic or hypoechoic areas; grade 2, moderate inhomogeneity with focal anechoic or hypoechoic areas; grade 3, severe inhomogeneity with diffuse an- or hypoechoic areas occupying the entire gland or fibrous gland. The presence or absence of typical SS lesions, i.e. the Sjögren’s signature, was scored binary. Intra- and interreader reliabilities were computed using weighted and unweighted Cohen’s and Light’s κ coefficients.

Results
The mean prevalence of grades 0–3 in PG were 43, 17, 23 and 31% and 28, 14, 33 and 32% for the SMGs, respectively. The weighted κ for intrareader reliability ranged from 0.44 to 1 for grading and 0.64 to 1 for the Sjögren’s signature of PG and 0.59 to 1 and −0.09 to 0.6 for SMGs, respectively. The interreader reliability κ for grading in PG was 0.62 (95% CI 0.47, 0.74) and for Sjögren’s signature it was 0.36 (95% CI 0, 0.43); in SMG it was 0.62 (95% CI 0.47, 0.72) and 0.03 (95% CI 0, 0.07) respectively.

Conclusions
The consensually agreed novel US scoring system for major salivary gland lesions showed substantial intra- and interreader reliability in patients with SS. The reliability of the Sjögren’s signature was moderate.
TOPOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF CHORIOCAPILLARIS FLOW DEFICITS IN THE INTERMEDIATE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION EYES WITH HYPOREFLECTIVE CORES INSIDE DRUSEN
Authors: Byon Iksoo , Ji Yongsok , Alagorie Ahmed R. , Tiosano Liran , Sadda Srinivas R. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficit (FD) in eyes with hyporeflective cores (HCs) inside drusen in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration.

Methods:
Intermediate age-related macular degeneration subjects underwent optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography using a Cirrus HD-optical coherence tomography (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). All B-scans were inspected for the presence of drusen with an HC that was defined as dark, condense materials inside drusen. Drusen regions delineated in the manufactures advanced retinal pigment epithelium elevation map were superimposed to the compensated CC optical coherence tomography angiography images. Quantitative analysis of CC FD% was performed under drusen with and without HCs, 150-µm-wide ring region around drusen with and without HCs, drusen-free region, and whole macula.

Results:
Fifty eyes were included in this cross-sectional study. Twenty eyes had drusen with HCs. Thirty eyes without HCs were matched for age and sex. The CC FD% of whole macula was significantly greater in eyes with an HC than those without it (46.3% vs. 42.9%; P = 0.001). In eyes with HCs, regional CC FD% was the greater under drusen (59.8%) and in a 150-µm-wide ring surrounding drusen with HCs (53.0%) than corresponding regions for drusen without HCs (52.5% and 47.3%, respectively) (P < 0.005 in all, Bonferroni correction). The CC FD% in macular regions remote from drusen was 43.2%.

Conclusion:
Intermediate age-related macular degeneration eyes with HCs demonstrated more impaired CC flow, compared with those without this featured. The CC was also more severely impaired directly below these drusen with HCs. These findings highlight that the appearance of HCs may be an indicator of a more advanced disease phenotype.
Hospital Length of Stay, Charges, and Costs Associated With a Diagnosis of Obesity in US Children and Youth, 2006–2016
Authors: Kompaniyets Lyudmyla , Lundeen Elizabeth A. , Belay Brook , Goodman Alyson B. , Tangka Florence , Blanck Heidi M. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Childhood obesity is linked with adverse health outcomes and associated costs. Current information on the relationship between childhood obesity and inpatient costs is limited.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to describe trends and quantify the link between childhood obesity diagnosis and hospitalization length of stay (LOS), costs, and charges.

Research Design:
We use the National Inpatient Sample data from 2006 to 2016.

Subjects:
The sample includes hospitalizations among children aged 2–19 years. The treatment group of interest includes child hospitalizations with an obesity diagnosis.

Measures:
Hospital LOS, charges, and costs associated with a diagnosis of obesity.

Results:
We find increases in obesity-coded hospitalizations and associated charges and costs during 2006–2016. Obesity as a primary diagnosis is associated with a shorter hospital LOS (by 1.8 d), but higher charges and costs (by $20,879 and $6049, respectively); obesity as a secondary diagnosis is associated with a longer LOS (by 0.8 d), and higher charges and costs of hospitalizations (by $3453 and $1359, respectively). The most common primary conditions occurring with a secondary diagnosis of obesity are pregnancy conditions, mood disorders, asthma, and diabetes; the effect of a secondary diagnosis of obesity on LOS, charges, and costs holds across these conditions.

Conclusions:
Childhood obesity diagnosis-related hospitalizations, charges, and costs increased substantially during 2006–2016, and obesity diagnosis is associated with higher hospitalization charges and costs. Our findings provide clinicians and policymakers with additional evidence of the economic burden of childhood obesity and further justify efforts to prevent and manage the disease.