bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence map: topics, trends, and policy in the energy transitions literature
Authors: Lu Jiaqi , Nemet Gregory F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We develop an evidence map of the academic research on energy transitions (ETs) with a focus on what that literature says about public policy for addressing climate change. In this article, the questions we ask are: What trends do we see in the topics that occur in journal articles on the energy transition? And to what extent has public policy been a focus? Where do we need or see energy transitions happening? Our approach involves: (1) using two literature databases to identify 4875 relevant ET articles over the period 1970–2018; (2) identifying important topics within ET using topic modeling via latent Dirichlet allocation on the abstracts of the articles; and (3) conducting a robustness check on the topics and analysis on the policy-relevant topics. This study contributes to the ETs research by providing the first systematic overview of peer-reviewed articles on ETs. We find that the number of academic articles covering ETs has increased by nearly a factor of 50 since 2008, 67% of them are policy related. Research on governance is pervasive in the literature and contains multiple topics differentiated by substantive foci. Some topics on the social-technical, social-behavioral, and political aspects of transition governance are becoming increasingly popular. Network analysis shows transition governance, energy economics and climate implications, and energy technologies comprise the three largest clusters of topics, but we observe a lack of connectedness between governance topics and technology topics. In the policy-relevant literature, we see a growing number of articles on technological and institutional innovation, and examples from leader countries, especially in Europe. We find only a quarter of articles discussed ETs in developing countries, which is not aligned with a recurring theme, their importance to the global ET.
Modulating extraordinary terahertz transmissions in multilayer plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Banerjee Sabyasachi , Lok Abhishikth Naka , Karmakar Subhajit , Kumar Deepak , Rane Shreeya , Goel Sanket , Azad Abul K , Roy Chowdhury Dibakar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Manipulations of light–matter interaction via sub-wavelength plasmonic structures have opened up many new research opportunities in photonics from microwave to the visible spectrum, including the relatively underdeveloped but technologically important terahertz regime. Here, we have studied manipulation of terahertz transmission through a bilayer metasurface consisting of a metallic hole array and a complimentary patch array separated by an ultra-thin dielectric spacer. The terahertz transmission spectra through our studied metasurfaces exhibit characteristic resonances due to the surface plasmon induced extraordinary transmission peak. Our study reveals a counterintuitive blue shift of the transmission peak with increasing spacer thickness, which is explained by reduced Coulomb interaction between two plasmonic layers. The measured quality factor exhibits a strong dependence on the spacer thickness, and the maximum quality factor is observed for a spacer thickness of around λ/30, indicating strong electric-field confinement inside the dielectric spacer. These bilayer plasmonic structures will aid in realizing next-generation terahertz plasmonic devices such as ultrasensitive thin-film sensors, modulators, narrow-band filters, and other nonlinear components.
Implementation of a pharmacy-focused morbidity, mortality, and improvement conference
Authors: Odinet Johlee S , Vest Mary-Haston , Murphy Kristin , Pappas Ashley L , Stivers Andrew P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Review lessons learned during the development and implementation of a pharmacy-focused Morbidity, Mortality, and Improvement conference at an academic medical center.

Summary
Since the early 1900s, Morbidity and Mortality conferences have provided a forum for clinicians to discuss medical errors and adverse outcomes. Many institutions have now added “improvement” to the conference title to emphasize the goal of approaching these conferences in a systems-oriented manner. To date, a gap remains in the literature evaluating the impact of a pharmacy-focused Morbidity, Mortality, and Improvement (MM&I) conference. The primary goal in establishing this pharmacy-focused conference was to foster and strengthen the culture of medication safety within our department. In establishing our program, we identified an opportunity to leverage pharmacy residents similar to a medical resident–facilitated conference. After gaining leadership buy-in, a core planning team was formed to identify events and create conference materials. Primary metrics to gauge the success of implementation included event reporting trends and medication-safety strategic initiative tracking. The first year of MM&I conferences provided forward momentum for our department’s safety culture. Safety event reporting by pharmacy staff increased by 150% over the fiscal year, and more frontline staff expressed a personal interest in becoming involved in safety projects and initiatives outside of their normal shift responsibilities.

Conclusion
We have learned several important lessons that may be helpful to others, the primary of which is that improving a culture of safety takes time.
Haecceitism in the Tractatus: A refutation of Ishiguro’s view on Tractarian names
Authors: Nakano Anderson 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In a seminal essay, Hidé Ishiguro argued that names in the Tractatus are ‘like dummy names’ and that a simple object is to be conceived of as ‘an instantiation of an irreducible predicate’. In this paper, I argue that Ishiguro’s view is incompatible with other claims made in the Tractatus and should be abandoned for this reason. To this end, I adopt a two-step strategy. First, I show that Ishiguro’s view implies the adoption of an anti-haecceitistic position. Then I show that the Tractatus allows for the possibility of there being haecceitistic differences between two complete descriptions of the world. Since anti-haecceitism will be characterized as the doctrine that haecceitistic differences are meaningless, this provides a refutation of Ishiguro’s view. In the final section, I make a few remarks on the relation between anti-haecceitism and the context principle.
High temperatures limit developmental resilience to high-elevation hypoxia in the snakeNatrix maura(Squamata: Colubridae)
Authors: Souchet Jérémie , Bossu Coralie , Darnet Elodie , Le Chevalier Hugo , Poignet Manon , Trochet Audrey , Bertrand Romain , Calvez Olivier , Martinez-Silvestre Albert , Mossoll-Torres Marc , Guillaume Olivier , Clobert Jean , Barthe Laurent , Pottier Gilles , Philippe Hervé , Gangloff Eric J , Aubret Fabien 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClimate change is generating range shifts in many organisms, notably along the altitudinal gradient. However, moving up in altitude exposes organisms to lower oxygen availability, which may negatively affect development and fitness, especially at high temperatures. To test this possibility in a potentially upward-colonizing species, we artificially incubated developing embryos of the viperine snake Natrix maura Linnaeus 1758, using a split-clutch design, in conditions of extreme high elevation or low elevation at two ecologically-relevant incubation temperatures (24 and 32 °C). Embryos at low and extreme high elevations incubated at cool temperatures did not differ in development time, hatchling phenotype or locomotor performance. However, at the warmer incubation temperature and at extreme high elevation, hatching success was reduced. Further, embryonic heart rates were lower, incubation duration longer and juveniles born smaller. Nonetheless, snakes in this treatment were faster swimmers than siblings in other treatment groups, suggesting a developmental trade-off between size and performance. Constraints on development may be offset by the maintenance of important performance metrics, thus suggesting that early life-history stages will not prevent the successful colonization of high-elevation habitat even under the dual limitations of reduced oxygen and increased temperature.
The Evolutionary History of Common Genetic Variants Influencing Human Cortical Surface Area
Authors: Tilot Amanda K , Khramtsova Ekaterina A , Liang Dan , Grasby Katrina L , Jahanshad Neda , Painter Jodie , Colodro-Conde Lucía , Bralten Janita , Hibar Derrek P , Lind Penelope A , Liu Siyao , Brotman Sarah M , Thompson Paul M , Medland Sarah E , Macciardi Fabio , Stranger Barbara E , Davis Lea K , Fisher Simon E , Stein Jason L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Structural brain changes along the lineage leading to modern Homo sapiens contributed to our distinctive cognitive and social abilities. However, the evolutionarily relevant molecular variants impacting key aspects of neuroanatomy are largely unknown. Here, we integrate evolutionary annotations of the genome at diverse timescales with common variant associations from large-scale neuroimaging genetic screens. We find that alleles with evidence of recent positive polygenic selection over the past 2000–3000 years are associated with increased surface area (SA) of the entire cortex, as well as specific regions, including those involved in spoken language and visual processing. Therefore, polygenic selective pressures impact the structure of specific cortical areas even over relatively recent timescales. Moreover, common sequence variation within human gained enhancers active in the prenatal cortex is associated with postnatal global SA. We show that such variation modulates the function of a regulatory element of the developmentally relevant transcription factor HEY2 in human neural progenitor cells and is associated with structural changes in the inferior frontal cortex. These results indicate that non-coding genomic regions active during prenatal cortical development are involved in the evolution of human brain structure and identify novel regulatory elements and genes impacting modern human brain structure.
Epidemiology and Ecology of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in China, 2010‒2018
Authors: Miao Dong , Liu Ming-Jin , Wang Yi-Xing , Ren Xiang , Lu Qing-Bin , Zhao Guo-Ping , Dai Ke , Li Xin-Lou , Li Hao , Zhang Xiao-Ai , Shi Wen-Qiang , Wang Li-Ping , Yang Yang , Fang Li-Qun , Liu Wei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The growing epidemics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an emerging tick-borne disease in East Asia, and its high case fatality rate have raised serious public health concerns.

Methods
Surveillance data on laboratory-confirmed SFTS cases in China were collected. The spatiotemporal dynamics and epidemiological features were explored. The socioeconomic and environmental drivers were identified for SFTS diffusion using survival analysis and for SFTS persistence using a two-stage generalized boosted regression tree model.

Results
During 2010‒2018, a total of 7721 laboratory-confirmed SFTS cases were reported in China, with an overall case fatality rate (CFR) of 10.5%. The average annual incidence increased &gt;20 times and endemic areas expanded from 27 to 1574 townships, whereas the CFR declined from 19% to 10% during this period. Four geographical clusters—the Changbai Mountain area, the Jiaodong Peninsula, the Taishan Mountain area, and the Huaiyangshan Mountain area—were identified. Diffusion and persistence of the disease were both driven by elevation, high coverages of woods, crops, and shrubs, and the vicinity of habitats of migratory birds but had different meteorological drivers. Residents ≥60 years old in rural areas with crop fields and tea farms were at increased risk to SFTS.

Conclusions
Surveillance of SFTS and intervention programs need to be targeted at areas ecologically suitability for vector ticks and in the vicinity of migratory birds to curb the growing epidemic.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Who Received Compassionate-Use Leronlimab
Authors: Yang Bryant , Fulcher Jennifer A , Ahn Jenny , Berro Marlene , Goodman-Meza David , Dhody Kush , Sacha Jonah B , Naeim Arash , Yang Otto O 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Leronlimab, a monoclonal antibody blocker of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 originally developed to treat human immunodeficiency virus infection, was administered as an open-label compassionate-use therapeutic for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
Twenty-three hospitalized severe/critical COVID-19 patients received 700 mg leronlimab subcutaneously, repeated after 7 days in 17 of 23 patients still hospitalized. Eighteen of 23 received other experimental treatments, including convalescent plasma, hydroxychloroquine, steroids, and/or tocilizumab. Five of 23 received leronlimab after blinded, placebo-controlled trials of remdesivir, sarilumab, selinexor, or tocilizumab. Outcomes and results were extracted from medical records.

Results
Mean age was 69.5 ± 14.9 years; 20 had significant comorbidities. At baseline, 22 were receiving supplemental oxygen (3 high flow, 7 mechanical ventilation). Blood showed markedly elevated inflammatory markers (ferritin, D-dimer, C-reactive protein) and an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. By day 30 after initial dosing, 17 were recovered, 2 were still hospitalized, and 4 had died. Of the 7 intubated at baseline, 4 were fully recovered off oxygen, 2 were still hospitalized, and 1 had died.

Conclusions
Leronlimab appeared safe and well tolerated. The high recovery rate suggested benefit, and those with lower inflammatory markers had better outcomes. Some, but not all, patients appeared to have dramatic clinical responses, indicating that unknown factors may determine responsiveness to leronlimab. Routine inflammatory and cell prognostic markers did not markedly change immediately after treatment, although interleukin-6 tended to fall. In some persons, C-reactive protein clearly dropped only after the second leronlimab dose, suggesting that a higher loading dose might be more effective. Future controlled trials will be informative.
Estimating Total Excess Mortality During a Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Pimenoff Ville N , Elfström Miriam , Baussano Iacopo , Björnstedt Mikael , Dillner Joakim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Total excess mortality peaked during a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Stockholm, but 25% of these deaths were not recognized as COVID-19 related nor occurred in hospitals. Estimate of total excess mortality may give a more comprehensive picture of the total disease burden during a COVID-19 outbreak, and may facilitate managing future outbreaks.
A roadmap for optimizing chronic kidney disease patient care and patient-oriented research in the Eastern European nephrology community
Authors: Sever Mehmet Şükrü , Jager Kitty J , Vanholder Raymond , Stengel Benedicte , Harambat Jerome , Finne Patrik , Tesař Vladimir , Barbullushi Myftar , Bumblytė Inga A , Zakharova Elena , Spasovski Goce , Resic Halima , Wiecek Andrzej , Blankestijn Peter J , Bruchfeld Annette , Cozzolino Mario , Goumenos Dimitris , Soler Maria Jose , Rychlík Ivan , Stevens Kate I , Wanner Christoph , Zoccali Carmine , Massy Ziad A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem because of its high prevalence, associated complications and high treatment costs. Several aspects of CKD differ significantly in the Eastern European nephrology community compared with Western Europe because of different geographic, socio-economic, infrastructure, cultural and educational features. The two most frequent aetiologies of CKD, DM and hypertension, and many other predisposing factors, are more frequent in the Eastern region, resulting in more prevalent CKD Stages 3–5. Interventions may minimize the potential drawbacks of the high prevalence of CKD in Eastern Europe, which include several options at various stages of the disease, such as raising public, medical personnel and healthcare authorities awareness; early detection by screening high-risk populations; preventing progression and CKD-related complications by training health professionals and patients; promoting transplantation or home dialysis as the preferred modality; disseminating and implementing guidelines and guided therapy and encouraging/supporting country-specific observational research as well as international collaborative projects. Specific ways to significantly impact CKD-related problems in every region of Europe through education, science and networking are collaboration with non-nephrology European societies who have a common interest in CKD and its associated complications, representation through an advisory role within nephrology via national nephrology societies, contributing to the training of local nephrologists and stimulating patient-oriented research. The latter is mandatory to identify country-specific kidney disease–related priorities. Active involvement of patients in this research via collaboration with the European Kidney Patient Federation or national patient federations is imperative to ensure that projects reflect specific patient needs.
Evaluation of potential drug interactions with sodium zirconium cyclosilicate: a single-center, open-label, one sequence crossover study in healthy adults
Authors: Någård Mats , Kramer William G , Boulton David W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC; formerly ZS-9) is an oral potassium binder for the treatment of hyperkalemia in adults. SZC acts in the gastrointestinal tract and additionally binds hydrogen ions in acidic environments like the stomach, potentially transiently increasing gastric pH and leading to drug interactions with pH-sensitive drugs. This study assessed potential pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between SZC and nine pH-sensitive drugs.

Methods
In this single-dose, open-label, single-sequence cross-over study in healthy adults, amlodipine, atorvastatin, clopidogrel, dabigatran, furosemide, glipizide, levothyroxine, losartan or warfarin were each administered alone and, following a washout interval, with SZC 10 g. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to the last time point (AUC0–t) and AUC extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf) were evaluated. No interaction was concluded if the 90% confidence interval for the geometric mean ratio (SZC coadministration versus alone) of the PK parameters was within 80–125%.

Results
During SZC coadministration, all PK parameters for amlodipine, glipizide, levothyroxine and losartan showed no interaction, while reductions in clopidogrel and dabigatran Cmax, AUC0–t and AUCinf (basic drugs) were &lt;50% and increases in atorvastatin, furosemide and warfarin Cmax (acidic drugs) exceeded the no-interaction range by ˂2-fold.

Conclusions
SZC coadministration was associated with small changes in plasma concentration and exposure of five of the nine drugs evaluated in this study. These PK drug interactions are consistent with transient increases in gastric pH with SZC and are unlikely to be clinically meaningful.
Health care for undocumented immigrants during the early phase of the Covid-19 pandemic in Lombardy, Italy
Authors: Devillanova Carlo , Colombo Cinzia , Garofolo Primo , Spada Anna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Despite concern on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on undocumented immigrants, quantitative evidence on the issue is scant. We analyze socioeconomic and health conditions of 1590 undocumented immigrants in Milan, Lombardy, one of the regions with the highest COVID-19 clinical burden in the world that does not guarantee access to primary care for these individuals. We document a sharp reduction in visit number after lockdown, with 16% frequency of acute respiratory infections, compatible with COVID-19. Moreover, housing conditions make it difficult to implement public health measures. Results suggest the need to foster primary care by undocumented immigrants to face COVID-19 emergency.
Beyond the truce: how conflict affects teams’ decisions whether to enact routines or creative projects
Authors: Oehler Patrick J , Stumpf-Wollersheim Jutta , Welpe Isabell M , Obstfeld David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study explores the causal relationship between conflict and actions taken by teams to accomplish their tasks. We differentiated between two forms of action trajectories, routines, and creative projects and used a laboratory experiment with a 2 (task conflict: yes vs. no) × 2 (interpersonal conflict: yes vs. no) factorial design to test how task and interpersonal conflicts affect teams’ decisions to enact routines or less routine creative projects. Teams subjected to task, interpersonal, or a combination of task and interpersonal conflict solved recurring challenges in the computer game Minecraft. We find that both task and interpersonal conflict independently increase teams’ tendency to pursue change by enacting creative projects. We conclude that task and interpersonal conflict lead teams to avoid developing routines and to attempt creative projects.
Fundamental resource trade-offs for encoded distributed optimization
Authors: Avestimehr A Salman , Mohammadreza Mousavi Kalan Seyed , Soltanolkotabi Mahdi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Dealing with the shear size and complexity of today’s massive data sets requires computational platforms that can analyze data in a parallelized and distributed fashion. A major bottleneck that arises in such modern distributed computing environments is that some of the worker nodes may run slow. These nodes a.k.a. stragglers can significantly slow down computation as the slowest node may dictate the overall computational time. A recent computational framework, called encoded optimization, creates redundancy in the data to mitigate the effect of stragglers. In this paper, we develop novel mathematical understanding for this framework demonstrating its effectiveness in much broader settings than was previously understood. We also analyze the convergence behavior of iterative encoded optimization algorithms, allowing us to characterize fundamental trade-offs between convergence rate, size of data set, accuracy, computational load (or data redundancy) and straggler toleration in this framework.