bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The NG2 chondoitin sulfate proteoglycan: role in malignant progression of human brain tumours
Authors: Chekenya M. , Rooprai H.K. , Davies D. , Levine J.M. , Butt A.M. , Pilkington G.J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe expression and function of NG2, a transmembrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan was studied in human gliomas of various histological types in culture using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. NG2 was differentially expressed in the neoplasms, with higher expression in high compared to low‐grade gliomas. In acutely isolated cells from human biopsies, NG2 +ve and NG2 −ve populations were morphologically distinct from each other, and NG2 +ve cells were more proliferative than NG2 −ve cells. The mitogens platelet derived growth factor (PDGF‐AA) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) added in combination to serum‐free medium (SFM) upregulated NG2 expression on glioblastoma multiforme cells in culture but had little effect on NG2 expression on the anaplastic astrocytoma cells. Furthermore, NG2 was colocalised with the platelet derived growth factor alpha receptor (PDGFαR) and antibody blockade of the PDGF‐αR ablated NG2 expression on the glioblastoma multiforme cells, suggesting that increased NG2 expression in the presence of PDGF‐AA is mediated via the PDGF‐αR. Assays of migration and invasion indicate that NG2 +ve glioma cells migrated more efficiently on collagen IV and that NG2 −ve cells were more invasive than their NG2 +ve counterparts. The results indicate that NG2 may be, respectively, positively and negatively related to the proliferative and invasive capacity of glioma cells. Thus, expression of the NG2 proteoglycan may have major implications for malignant progression in glial neoplasms and may prove a useful target for future therapeutic regimens.
Comparison of the cost-effectiveness of milnacipran (a SNRI) with TCAs and SSRIs: a modeling approach
Authors: Dardennes R , Berdeaux G , Lafuma A , Fagnani F 
Published: July 2002

SummaryA simulation model based on the theory of clinical decision analysis was used to compare outcomes and costs when treating patients with major depressive episodes using either a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) or a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), in comparison with milnacipran (a serotonin), and a norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor (SNRI). The clinical data used were taken from published meta-analyses. This analysis supports: (1) a comparable efficacy of milnacipran and TCA with a better tolerance; and, (2) an advantage of milnacipran over SSRI for efficacy with a comparable tolerance. Based on these findings, a decision tree was constructed with the assistance of a panel of psychiatrists in order to provide a model of usual clinical practice. Estimates not available from clinical studies were obtained either from literature analysis or from the panel.Economic appraisal was performed according to the viewpoint of the French national sickness fund (sécurité sociale), and expenditure assessment was limited to direct costs (hospitalizations, antidepressant medications, visits, and laboratory tests). The results suggest that milnacipran is a cost-effective alternative: the expected cost of treatment per depressive episode is lower than either a French representative panel of TCAs (a saving of 288 FF), or SSRIs (a savings of 961 FF). The expected length of clinical remission is slightly higher than comparators. The robustness of these findings was supported by sensitivity analyses.
Laser‐Assisted Multilevel Non‐Volatile Memory Device Based on 2D van‐der‐Waals Few‐Layer‐ReS2/h‐BN/Graphene Heterostructures
Authors: Mukherjee Bablu , Zulkefli Amir , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Wakayama Yutaka , Nakaharai Shu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFew‐layer rhenium disulfide (ReS2) field‐effect transistors with a local floating gate (FG) of monolayer graphene separated by a thin hexagonal boron nitride tunnel layer for application to a non‐volatile memory (NVM) device are designed and investigated. FG‐NVM devices based on two‐dimensional van‐der‐Waals heterostructures have been recently studied as important components to realize digital electronics and multifunctional memory applications. Direct bandgap multilayer ReS2 satisfies various requirements as a channel material for electronic devices as well as being a strong light‐absorbing layer, which makes it possible to realize light‐assisted optoelectronic applications. The NVM operation with a high ON/OFF current ratio, a large memory window, good endurance (>1000 cycles), and stable retention (>104 s) are observed. The successive program and erase states using 10 ms gate pulses of +10 V and −10 V are demonstrated, respectively. Laser pulses along with electrostatic gate pulses provide multibit level memory access via opto‐electrostatic coupling. The devices exhibit the dual functionality of a conventional electronic memory and can store laser‐pulse excited signal information for future all‐optical logic and quantum information processing.
Acute myeloid leukemia: 2021 update on risk‐stratification and management
Authors: Estey Elihu H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractManagement of AML involves choosing between purely palliative care, standard therapy and investigational therapy (“clinical trial”). Even most older patients likely benefit from treatment. Based on randomized trials CPX 351, midostaurin, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, and venetoclax, the latter three when combined with other drugs, should now be considered standard therapy. Knowledge of the likely results with these therapies is essential in deciding whether to recommend them or participate in a clinical trial, possibly including these drugs. Hence here, in the context of established prognostic algorithms, we review results with the recently‐ approved drugs compared with their predecessors and describe other potential options. We discuss benefit/risk ratios underlying the decision to offer allogeneic transplant and emphasize the importance of measurable residual disease. When first seeing a newly‐diagnosed patient physicians must decide whether to offer conventional treatment or investigational therapy, the latter preferably in the context of a clinical trial. As noted below, such trials have led to changes in what today is considered “conventional” therapy compared to even 1‐2 years ago. In older patients decision making has often included inquiring whether specific anti‐AML therapy should be offered at all, rather than focusing on a purely palliative approach emphasizing transfusion and antibiotic support, with involvement of a palliative care specialist.
A Neutral Three‐Membered 2π Aromatic Disilaborirane and the Unique Conversion into a Four‐Membered BSi2N‐Ring
Authors: Sarkar Samir Kumar , Chaliha Rinkumoni , Siddiqui Mujahuddin M. , Banerjee Samya , Münch Annika , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar , Jemmis Eluvathingal D. , Roesky Herbert W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report the design, synthesis, structure, bonding, and reaction of a neutral 2π aromatic three‐membered disilaborirane. The disilaborirane is synthesized by a facile one‐pot reductive dehalogenation of amidinato‐silylene chloride and dibromoarylborane with potassium graphite. Despite the tetravalent arrangement of atoms around silicon, the three‐membered silicon‐boron‐silicon ring is aromatic, as evidenced by NMR spectroscopy, nucleus independent chemical shift calculations, first‐principles electronic structure studies using density functional theory (DFT) and natural bond orbital (NBO) based bonding analysis. Trimethylsilylnitrene, generated in situ, inserts in the Si−Si bond of disilaborirane to obtain a four‐membered heterocycle 1‐aza‐2,3‐disila‐4‐boretidine derivative. Both the heterocycles are fully characterized by X‐ray crystallography.
Macrocycle Co‐Crystals Showing Vapochromism to Haloalkanes
Authors: Li Bin , Cui Lei , Li Chunju 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOrganic co‐crystal engineering is a promising method to make multifunctional materials. Here, the marriage of macrocyclic chemistry and co‐crystal engineering provides a smart strategy to build vapochromic materials. The macrocycle co‐crystals (MCCs) were constructed from π‐electron rich pillar[5]arene (P5) and an electron‐deficient pyromellitic diimide derivative (PDI) on a 10 g scale. MCCs of P5‐PDI are in red owing to the formation of a charge‐transfer (CT) complex. After solvent removal, a white crystalline solid with a new structure (P5‐PDIα) is yielded, which exhibits selective vapochromic responses to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of haloalkanes, accompanied by color changes from white to red or orange. Powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal that the color changes are attributed to the vapor‐triggered solid‐state structural transformation to form CT co‐crystals. Coating films of P5 and PDI on glass showed a visible vapochromic behavior with good reversibility.
An Integrated Multi‐Function Heterogeneous Biochemical Circuit for High‐Resolution Electrochemistry‐Based Genetic Analysis
Authors: Dai Yifan , Xu Wei , Somoza Rodrigo A. , Welter Jean F. , Caplan Arnold I. , Liu Chung Chiun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractModular construction of an autonomous and programmable multi‐functional heterogeneous biochemical circuit that can identify, transform, translate, and amplify biological signals into physicochemical signals based on logic design principles can be a powerful means for the development of a variety of biotechnologies. To explore the conceptual validity, we design a CRISPR‐array‐mediated primer‐exchange‐reaction‐based biochemical circuit cascade, which probes a specific biomolecular input, transform the input into a structurally accessible form for circuit wiring, translate the input information into an arbitrary sequence, and finally amplify the prescribed sequence through autonomous formation of a signaling concatemer. This upstream biochemical circuit is further wired with a downstream electrochemical interface, delivering an integrated bioanalytical platform. We program this platform to directly analyze the genome of SARS‐CoV‐2 in human cell lysate, demonstrating the capability and the utility of this unique integrated system.
Air gap spinning of a cellulose solution in [DBNH][OAc] ionic liquid with a novel vertically arranged spinning bath to simulate a closed loop operation in the Ioncell® process
Authors: Guizani Chamseddine , Larkiala Sauli , Moriam Kaniz , Sawada Daisuke , Elsayed Sherif , Rantasalo Sami , Hummel Michael , Sixta Herbert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA novel, small‐volume vertically arranged spin bath was successfully developed for an air gap lyocell‐type spinning process. A maximum regeneration bath length with a minimum free volume characterizes the concept of the new spin bath. Using the ionic liquid (IL) 1,5‐diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non‐5‐enium acetate [DBNH][OAc], the spin bath showed very good spinning performances of IL‐cellulose dopes at high draw ratios and spinning duration for single filament spinning experiments. Using this new device, it was possible to get a step further in the optimization of the Ioncell® process and simulate a process closed loop operation by performing single filament spinning in IL/H2O mixtures. Good dope spinnability and preserved fibers mechanical properties were achieved in a coagulation bath containing up to 30 wt% IL. It is only at 45 wt% of IL in the bath that the spinnability and fibers mechanical properties started to deteriorate. The fibers fibrillar structure was less pronounced in IL‐containing spinning bath in comparison to a pure water bath. However, their crystallinity after washing was preserved regardless of the spinning bath composition. The results presented in this work have a high relevance to the upscaling of emerging IL‐based cellulose dissolution and spinning processes.
Fluorinated graphene/polyimide nanocomposites for advanced electronic packaging applications
Authors: Zhang Fan , Li Jinhui , Wang Tao , Huang Chao , Ji Fei , Shan Liang , Zhang Guoping , Sun Rong , Wong Ching‐ping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLow dielectric constant and low dissipation factor, superior hydrophobicity, excellent thermal and mechanical property, and good optical performance are desired for advanced electronic packaging of fan‐out wafer level package (FO‐WLP). An effective approach was introduced to fabricate novel fluorinated graphene/polyimide(FG/PI) nanocomposite films in this paper. FG nanosheets exhibit excellent dispersion in the PI matrix due to their high surface area with some oxygen‐containing functional groups, and individual graphitized planar structure. Besides, the effects of the addition of FG on the dielectric, optical, mechanical, thermal properties as well as the hydrophobicity of the films are investigated with controlled amounts of FG. The dielectric constant and loss can be as low as 2.64 (at 106 Hz) and 0.00176 for PI‐0.5wt% FG. And with the increase of the loading of FG, the thermal stability (T5 = 514°C) and mechanical property (tensile modulus = 2.11GPa, tensile strength = 93.23 MPa, elongation at break = 11.60%) has been improved successfully. Besides, the contact angles have been increased from 83° to 92° showing a superior hydrophobicity which is essential for the FO‐WLP. Moreover, the incorporation of FG also proved excellent optical performance of 88% transmittance at 550 nm. Therefore, with the excellent comprehensive performance, the as‐prepared FG/PI films possess widespread applications in the microelectronics especially in FO‐WLP.
Simultaneous quantification and pharmacokinetic evaluation of roflumilast and its N‐oxide in cynomolgus monkey plasma by LC–MS/MS method
Authors: Qu Haijun , Zhang Keyu , Fu Chunqing , Qiu Feng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRoflumilast (ROF), a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, has successfully been used to treat systemic and pulmonary inflammation associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To evaluate its pharmacokinetics in monkeys, a sensitive, rapid and reliable liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ROF and its N‐oxide metabolite (RNO). The mobile phase contained 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution (B). All monkey plasma samples were pretreated using protein precipitation with methanol–acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) in 50 μl plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was performed with mass spectral acquisition performed in positive electrospray ionization, utilizing multiple reaction monitoring. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in cynomolgus monkeys. Following administration of a single oral dose of 1 mg/kg ROF in monkeys, pharmacokinetic data for ROF and RNO was reported for the first time. After oral administration, ROF was rapidly absorbed and metabolized to its metabolite RNO. The mean area under the curve value of RNO was ~13 times larger than that of ROF, suggesting that most ROF was metabolized to RNO in cynomolgus monkeys.
Development and Continuous Operation of a Bench‐Scale System for the Production of O3 + O2 + CO2 Hydrates
Authors: Hatsugai Tomomi , Nakayama Ryutaro , Tomura Shigeo , Akiyoshi Ryo , Nishitsuka Shirou , Nakamura Ryo , Takeya Satoshi , Ohmura Ryo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOzone (O3) has many industrial applications such as in sterilization. One of the long‐term O3 preservation methods is molecular storage in clathrate hydrate. In this study, an experimental system was developed for continuously forming O3 + O2 + CO2 hydrates. The parameters that affect the continuous operation of the system and that lead to increases in the concentration of O3 in the hydrates were also experimentally evaluated, implementing the method of quality engineering. After optimizing these operating parameters, the O3 storage capacity in the hydrates was measured to be 0.26 wt % at 2 h of total operation time. By X‐ray diffraction, it was found that the produced sample contained hydrates, and long‐term preservation for 6 months was possible at the temperature of general freezing warehouses.
α–ω Alkenyl‐bis‐S‐Guanidine Thiourea Dihydrobromide Affects HeLa Cell Growth Hampering Tubulin Polymerization
Authors: Ceramella Jessica , Mariconda Annaluisa , Rosano Camillo , Iacopetta Domenico , Caruso Anna , Longo Pasquale , Sinicropi Maria Stefania , Saturnino Carmela 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCancer is going to be the first cause of mortality worldwide in the 21th century. It is considered a multifactorial disease that results from the combined influence of many genetic aberrations, leading to abnormal cell proliferation. As microtubules are strongly implicated in cellular growth, they represent an important target for cancer treatment. The well‐known microtubule‐targeting agents (MTAs) including paclitaxel, colchicine and vinca alkaloids are commonly used in the treatment of various cancers. However, adverse effects and drug resistance are major limitations in their clinical use.To find new candidates able to induce microtubule alteration with reduced toxic effects or drug resistance, we studied a small new series of derivatives that present imidazolinic, guanidinic, thioureidic and hydrazinic groups (1–9). All the compounds were tested for their antitumor activity against a panel of six tumoral cell models. In particular, compound 8 (nonane‐1,9‐diyl‐bis‐S‐amidinothiourea dihydrobromide) showed the lowest IC50 value against HeLa cells, together with a low cytotoxicity for normal cells. This compound was able to induce the apoptotic mitochondrial pathway and inhibited tubulin polymerization with a similar efficacy to vinblastine and nocodazole. Taken together, these promising biological properties make compound 8 useful for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment.
Rigidly Fused Spiro‐Conjugated π‐Systems
Authors: Liu Shihui , Xia Debin , Baumgarten Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSpiro‐fused π‐systems have gained considerable attention for their application as semiconductors in molecular electronics. Here, a synopsis regarding recent breakthroughs in ladderized spirobifluorenes and indeno‐spirobifluorenes, along with further spiro‐condensed heteroatomic hydrocarbons with donor‐acceptor moieties, is provided. Additionally, an extended range of rigid spirobifluorene polymers and specific doubly linked spiro‐systems with partial chiral character is discussed. The diverse applications of the aforementioned structures are thoroughly evaluated.
Effects of Photosensitizers and Reaction Media on Light‐Driven Water Oxidation with Trinuclear Ruthenium Macrocycles
Authors: Meza‐Chincha Ana‐Lucia , Schindler Dorothee , Natali Mirco , Würthner Frank 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhotocatalytic water oxidation is a promising process for the production of solar fuels and the elucidation of factors that influence this process is of high significance. Thus, we have studied in detail light‐driven water oxidation with a trinuclear Ru(bda) (bda: 2,2’‐bipyridine‐6,6’‐dicarboxylate) macrocycle MC3 and its highly water soluble derivative m‐CH2NMe2‐MC3 using a series of ruthenium tris(bipyridine) complexes as photosensitizers under varied reaction conditions. Our investigations showed that the catalytic activities of these Ru macrocycles are significantly affected by the choice of photosensitizer (PS) and reaction media, in addition to buffer concentration, light intensity and concentration of the sensitizer. Our steady‐state and transient spectroscopic studies revealed that the photocatalytic performance of trinuclear Ru(bda) macrocycles is not limited by their intrinsic catalytic activities but rather by the efficiency of photogeneration of oxidant PS+ and its ability to act as an oxidizing agent to the catalysts as both are strongly dependent on the choice of photosensitizer and the amount of employed organic co‐solvent.
Surface Architecture Design of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Cathode with Synergistic Organics Encapsulation to Enhance Electrochemical Stability
Authors: Hu Guorong , Fan Ju , Lu Yan , Zhang Yinjia , Du Ke , Peng Zhongdong , Li Luyu , Zhang Baichao , Shi You , Cao Yanbing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNi‐rich LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) material attracts extensive attention due to its high discharge specific capacity, but its distinct drawbacks of rapid capacity decline and poor cycle performance at elevated temperatures and high voltage during charge/discharge cycling restricts its widespread application. To solve these problems, a multifunctional coating layer composed of a lithium‐ion‐conductive lithium polyacrylate (LiPAA) inner layer and a cross‐linked polymer outer layer from certain organic substances of silane‐coupling agent (KH550) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) is successfully designed on the surface of NCA materials, which is favorable for eliminating residual lithium and improving lithium‐ion conductivity, surface stability, and hydrophobicity of NCA materials. In addition, the amount of the coating material is also investigated. A series of characterization methods such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to analyze the morphologies and structures for materials of pristine and modified NCA. It is revealed that the co‐coating layer plays a vital part in reducing the surface residual alkalis and improving the stability of NCA particles; as a result, the modified NCA exhibits a greatly improved rate capability, cycle performance, and low polarization impedance.
Climate‐altered fire regimes may increase extirpation risk in an upper subalpine conifer species of management concern
Authors: Pansing Elizabeth R. , Tomback Diana F. , Wunder Michael B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClimate change is transforming forest structure and function by altering the timing, frequency, intensity, and spatial extent of episodic disturbances. Wildland fire regimes in western U.S. coniferous forests are now characterized by longer fire seasons and greater frequency, with further changes expected. Identifying the impacts of altered fire regimes on forest resources may enable land managers to plan mitigation strategies or prepare for novel or altered communities. We created a stochastic, density‐dependent, matrix projection model for a whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) metapopulation to estimate the impacts of increasing fire frequency on metapopulation persistence. Whitebark pine is a widely distributed foundation species of management concern found in upper subalpine and tree line forests of the Northern Rocky Mountains. We parameterized the model using empirically based demographic data from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) and validated the model by comparing observed whitebark pine densities to those projected by the model when parameterized with historical demographic rates and fire frequencies. We reparameterized the model with current demographic rates including mortality from insect outbreaks and exotic disease. We compared odds of functional extirpation among six scenarios comprising three altered fire frequencies (fires suppressed, historical fire return interval of 268 yr, and decreasing fire return intervals from current to 97 yr) and two seed dispersal probabilities. Historical parameterization with high dispersal probability projected median whitebark pine densities (40.95 trees/ha, first and third quartiles: 21.89, 67.25), which were similar to empirically estimated densities (40.62 trees/ha, first and third quartiles: 12.04, 114.15). Odds of functional extirpation with increasing fire frequency were 8.26 and 139.91 times higher than historical fire frequency and fire suppression, respectively. In decreasing fire return interval scenarios, odds of functional extirpation were 1.76 times higher in low than high dispersal probability scenarios. These findings suggest that fire suppression may be required to maintain whitebark pine metapopulations in the GYE and that maintaining stand networks connected by high rates of seed dispersal could increase metapopulation resiliency.