bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical study on fretting wear and fatigue of full-scale railway axles
Authors: Zou Lang , Zeng Dongfang , Li Yabo , Yang Kai , Lu Liantao , Yuan Caiqin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the fretting wear and fatigue of full-scale railway axles. Fatigue tests were conducted on full-scale railway axles, and the fretting wear and fretting fatigue in the fretted zone of the railway axles were analysed. Three-dimensional finite element models were established based on the experimental results. Then, multi-axial fatigue parameters and a linear elastic fracture mechanics-based approach were used to investigate the fretting fatigue crack initiation and propagation, respectively, in which the role of the fretting wear was taken into account. The experimental and simulated results showed that the fretted zone could be divided into zones I–III according to the surface damage morphologies. Fretting wear alleviated the stress concentration near the wheel seat edge and resulted in a new stress concentration near the worn/unworn boundary in zone II, which greatly promoted the fretting crack initiation at the inner side of the fretted zone. Meanwhile, the stress concentration also increased the equivalent stress intensity factor range ΔKeq below the mating surface, and thus promoted the propagation of fretting fatigue crack. Based on these findings, the effect of the stress redistribution resulting from fretting wear is suggested to be taken into account when evaluating the fretting fatigue in railway axles.
Recovery of vanadium and tungsten from waste selective catalytic reduction catalysts by K2CO3 roasting and water leaching followed by CaCl2 precipitation
Authors: Liu Xianghui , Yang Qiaowen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Waste selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts are potential environmental hazards. In this study, the recovery of vanadium and tungsten from waste SCR catalysts by K2CO3 roasting and water leaching was investigated. The roasting and leaching conditions were optimized: the leaching efficiencies of vanadium and tungsten were 91.19% and 85.36%, respectively, when 18 equivalents of K2CO3 were added to perform the roasting at 900 °C for 2 h, followed by leaching at 90 °C for 1 h. Notably, in the described conditions, the leaching rate of silicon was only 28.55%. Titanates, including K2Ti6O13 and KTi8O17, were also produced. Si removal was achieved in 85% efficiency adjusting the pH to 9.5, and the Si impurity thus isolated was composed of amorphous Si. Tungsten and vanadium were precipitated using CaCl2. At pH 10 and following the addition of 0.10 mol of H2O2 and 16 equivalents of CaCl2, the precipitating efficiencies of tungsten and vanadium were 96.89% and 99.65%, respectively. The overall yield of tungsten and vanadium was 82.71% and 90.87%, respectively.

Graphic abstract
Leaf age is important for assessment of resistance in chrysanthemum against Frankliniella occidentalis
Authors: Rogge Sina Alexandra , Meyhöfer Rainer 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFeeding behaviour of pest insects on host plants depends on the plant morphology and chemical composition. So far, leaf position was demonstrated important for estimation of thrips resistance in Capsicum, where resistant associations showed a higher resistance in the youngest leaves compared to old leaves. In the current study, the feeding behaviour of female Frankliniella occidentalis, a major pest of chrysanthemum, and the egg-laying activity was assessed in a non-choice experiment in the climate chamber. We hypothesize that the physiological status, i.e. the age of chrysanthemum leaves, is an important resistance factor influencing thrips silver damage and the number of offspring. In general, the results show significantly higher feeding damage on old (basal) leaves of susceptible cultivars compared to resistant cultivars on the abaxial side of the leaf. In contrast, we detected no significant differences on the adaxial side of the leaves neither for old nor for young leaves. However, feeding damage on different leaf positions is an important factor for resistance level determination. Additionally, we detected significant differences in reproductive activity, i.e. number of hatched larvae on old leaves compared to young leaves for all cultivars. Overall, on old leaves we detected more larvae. The comparison between the old leaves of all cultivars exhibited a significant difference between one resistant and one susceptible cultivar. Contrary to that, the comparison between the young leaves of all cultivars exhibited no significant differences. All findings are important for advancing future resistance screenings in chrysanthemum.
Measuring the strength of threats, rewards, and appeals in persuasive negotiation dialogues
Authors: Morveli-Espinoza Mariela , Nieves Juan Carlos , Tacla Cesar Augusto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this article is to propose a model for the measurement of the strength of rhetorical arguments (i.e., threats, rewards, and appeals), which are used in persuasive negotiation dialogues when a proponent agent tries to convince his opponent to accept a proposal. Related articles propose a calculation based on the components of the rhetorical arguments, that is, the importance of the goal of the opponent and the certainty level of the beliefs that make up the argument. Our proposed model is based on the pre-conditions of credibility and preferability stated by Guerini and Castelfranchi. Thus, we suggest the use of two new criteria for the strength calculation: the credibility of the proponent and the status of the goal of the opponent in the goal processing cycle. We use three scenarios in order to illustrate our proposal. Besides, the model is empirically evaluated and the results demonstrate that the proposed model is more efficient than previous works of the state of the art in terms of numbers of negotiation cycles, number of exchanged arguments, and number of reached agreements.
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response
Authors: Roberts Natalie , Beath Alissa , Boag Simon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a pleasurable, tingling sensation induced by exposure to specific, audio-visual triggers, producing feelings of relaxation and euphoria. This article examines the relationship between ASMR propensity using a recently developed self-report measure (ASMR-15), Big-Five personality factors, and sensory-processing sensitivity (SPS), in a general population. Thus far, the ASMR-15 has only been validated on self-selected ASMR-specific samples, and so it is yet to be determined whether the measure may be adapted to assess ASMR in a non-specialized sample. To address this, N = 187 undergraduate psychology students were recruited for a survey study. ASMR was related to greater Openness and SPS, and lower Conscientiousness. A confirmatory factor analysis was undertaken on the ASMR-15, largely replicating the factor structure previously demonstrated. As a result, the ASMR-15 may be useful for researchers interested in further exploring ASMR experiences in both specialized and non-specialized samples.
Characteristics of Electron Precipitation During 40 Energetic Electron Injections Inferred via Subionospheric VLF Signal Propagation
Authors: Ghaffari R. , Cully C. M. , Turner D. L. , Reeves G. D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnergetic electron injection events are associated with energetic electron precipitation (EEP) through possible resonant wave‐particle interactions. Previous studies confirm the impacts of injection‐driven precipitation on observed amplitude/phase of subionospheric VLF (very low frequency) signals transmitted from distant artificial transmitters. Currently, there are substantial uncertainties on precipitation characteristics and flux during injection events. In this work we study 40 injection events selected by Van Allen Probes particle data to investigate the changes in amplitude and phase of VLF signals at ground receivers across Canada during particle injection events. We model the ionospheric effect of the EEP flux to find its impact on VLF propagation and characterize the injection events. Typically, we find a clear phase advance of ~40° in the received VLF signal at Fort Smith (Canada, L = 8) transmitted from U.S. Navy communication transmitter NAA at Maine (USA). Comparing to other VLF transmitter‐receiver paths in North America leads us to conclude that effects are only seen on paths with adequately large range ≫200 km) through L > 7. Modeling the VLF phase change indicates that in the majority of events (>90%), less than 10% of the strong scattering limit inferred from particle flux measurements at the Van Allen Probes is required to obtain the observed VLF phase signature. The median precipitating flux during energetic particle injections is less than 4 × 106 el/cm2 s sr (<10% of the strong scattering rate) for electrons above ~40 keV extracted from trapped particles energy spectrum. This implies that strong scattering is not typical for these 40 selected energetic electron injection events.
Hydrogen Isotope Composition of a Large Silicic Magma Reservoir Preserved in Quartz‐Hosted Glass Inclusions of the Bishop Tuff Plinian Eruption
Authors: Befus Kenneth S. , Walowski Kristina J. , Hervig Richard L. , Cullen Jeffrey T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWater controls magmatic crystallization and drives volcanic eruptions, but little is known about its primary source in silicic systems. The hydrogen isotope composition of volcanic products provides a metric that can track and identify magmatic source, fractionation, or degassing processes. Despite such promise, hydrogen isotope measurements have never previously been acquired for undegassed silicic melt. To explore whether hydrogen isotopes can identify the source and modification of water in a silicic magma reservoir, we analyzed D/H ratios and dissolved H2O content of quartz‐hosted, rhyolitic glass inclusions from the early Bishop Tuff, a time‐honored testing ground for innovative petrologic studies. The rhyolitic inclusions indicate the early Bishop reservoir had δD values ranging from −40‰ to −60‰ (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water). The measured hydrogen isotope ratios do not follow systematic trends that would be predicted for open‐system degassing, rehydration, or diffusive loss. Observed isotopic variability in the microanalyses is instead attributed to analytical artifacts. The large silicic reservoir degassed as a closed system, resulting in limited fractionation obscured by the uncertainty of the measurements. Significant modification of melt D/H ratios by assimilation and fractional crystallization are unlikely, as their projected contributions are not observed. Dynamic geologic processes are thus not recorded by the hydrogen isotope composition of the inclusions. Instead, the rhyolitic melt represents a distinct, largely homogenous isotopic reservoir. When compared to the global record of basaltic glass inclusions, the rhyolitic inclusions preserve an isotopic signature that is most similar to subduction‐related mafic melts.
Identification and Classification of Archeological Materials From Bronze Age Gold Mining Site Ada Tepe (Bulgaria) Using Rock Magnetism
Authors: Jordanova Neli , Jordanova Diana , Tcherkezova Emilia , Popov Hristo , Mokreva Antonia , Georgiev Plamen , Stoychev Ruslan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArcheological materials from the most ancient open‐pit gold mine in Europe have been investigated using mineral magnetic methods as part of the multidisciplinary research of the site. The aim of the study was to employ rock‐magnetic characteristics (magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization, isothermal remanent magnetization and various magnetic grain‐size dependent ratios) for classification of a collection of 177 samples, taken from Late Bronze age waste heaps, pristine rocks, natural soils and soils from cultural layers. Factor analysis and k‐means cluster analysis revealed that four clusters explain the best mineral magnetic data. Results from the thermomagnetic analysis and thermal demagnetization of composite isothermal remanence proved that the main magnetic minerals in the collection are magnetite/maghemite, hematite, and goethite. Based on the magnetic properties, samples from clusters 1 and 3 were identified as influenced by fire—archeological structures and waste heaps with the use of fire setting, respectively. Samples belonging to cluster 2 were dominated by goethite and hematite, thus identified as rock residues. Materials grouped in cluster 4 showed magnetic characteristics typical of natural soils and were thus related to this class of materials. The obtained clustering of the samples agreed well with their archeological assignment. Spatial distribution of cluster members across the site provides valuable environmental information for the location of the mining activities, their lateral spread and the technology used. It was concluded that magnetic mineral analysis is a precise, sensitive, and a highly effective method for characterization and classification of materials from ancient mining.
Global Propagation of Magnetospheric Pc5 ULF Waves Driven by Foreshock Transients
Authors: Wang Boyi , Liu Terry , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Zhang Hui , Hartinger Michael , Shi Xueling , Ma Qianli , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Frey Harald U. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPc5 (2–7 mHz) ultralow frequency (ULF) waves play a significant role in resonating with particles and transferring energy in the coupled magnetospheric and ionospheric system. Recent studies found that Pc5 ULF waves can be triggered by foreshock transients which can perturb the magnetopause through dynamic pressure variation. However, whether foreshock transient‐driven Pc5 ULF waves are geoeffective and can propagate globally is still poorly understood. In this study, we take advantage of the conjunction between in situ (by the THEMIS probes, Geotail satellite, GOES satellites, and Van Allen probes) and ground‐based (by the all‐sky imager at South Pole and ground‐based magnetometers) observations to simultaneously analyze the waves from the foreshock region to the dayside and nightside magnetosphere. Both of our two events show that the Pc5 ULF waves are generated by foreshock transients in the dayside magnetosphere. The in situ observations by THEMIS A and D and the 2‐D auroral signatures show that the compressional mode waves are likely broadband and coupled to the FLRs with different frequencies and different azimuthal phase speeds. This is the first report that foreshock transients can drive both low‐ and high‐m FLRs, with the azimuthal wave numbers varying from ~5 to ~23. Moreover, the Pc5 ULF waves propagated antisunward to midnight, this can potentially modulate magnetospheric and ionospheric dynamics globally.
Using Tracer Variance Decay to Quantify Variability of Salinity Mixing in the Hudson River Estuary
Authors: Warner John C. , Geyer W. Rockwell , Ralston David K. , Kalra Tarandeep 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe salinity structure in an estuary is controlled by time‐dependent mixing processes. However, the locations and temporal variability of where significant mixing occurs is not well‐understood. Here we utilize a tracer variance approach to demonstrate the spatial and temporal structure of salinity mixing in the Hudson River Estuary. We run a 4‐month hydrodynamic simulation of the tides, currents, and salinity that captures the spring‐neap tidal variability as well as wind‐driven and freshwater flow events. On a spring‐neap time scale, salinity variance dissipation (mixing) occurs predominantly during the transition from neap to spring tides. On a tidal time scale, 60% of the salinity variance dissipation occurs during ebb tides and 40% during flood tides. Spatially, mixing during ebbs occurs primarily where lateral bottom salinity fronts intersect the bed at the transition from the main channel to adjacent shoals. During ebbs, these lateral fronts form seaward of constrictions located at multiple locations along the estuary. During floods, mixing is generated by a shear layer elevated in the water column at the top of the mixed bottom boundary layer, where variations in the along channel density gradients locally enhance the baroclinic pressure gradient leading to stronger vertical shear and more mixing. For both ebb and flood, the mixing occurs at the location of overlap of strong vertical stratification and eddy diffusivity, not at the maximum of either of those quantities. This understanding lends a new insight to the spatial and time dependence of the estuarine salinity structure.
Revisiting the Detection of Optical Lightning Superbolts
Authors: Peterson Michael , Kirkland Matt W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study uses Fast On‐Orbit Detection of Transient Events (FORTE) satellite observations to identify superbolt‐class optical lightning events and evaluate their origins. Superbolts have been defined by Turman (1977, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC082i018p02566) as lightning pulses whose peak optical power exceeds 1011 W. However, it has been unclear whether superbolts resulted from particular types of high‐energy lightning process or whether they were the result of measurement bias. In the latter case, any decently bright lightning process could be recorded as a superbolt if the sensor had a particularly clear sight line to the hot channel without thick clouds diluting the optical signals. Our 12‐year analysis of FORTE superbolt detections indicates that the lower optical superbolt energy range (~100 GW) is dominated by normal lightning, but brighter cases are predominantly strong +CG strokes that originate from specific types of storms. Oceanic storm systems, particularly during the winter, and especially those located around Japan are shown to produce these intense superbolts. We suggest that some optical superbolts result from favorable viewing conditions and would not be identified as such by another instrument located elsewhere and that others are associated with a unique set of physics that may merit the “superbolt” distinction.
Association between DNA methylation and ADHD symptoms from birth to school age: a prospective meta-analysis
Authors: Neumann Alexander , Walton Esther , Alemany Silvia , Cecil Charlotte , González Juan Ramon , Jima Dereje D. , Lahti Jari , Tuominen Samuli T. , Barker Edward D. , Binder Elisabeth , Caramaschi Doretta , Carracedo Ángel , Czamara Darina , Evandt Jorunn , Felix Janine F. , Fuemmeler Bernard F. , Gutzkow Kristine B. , Hoyo Cathrine , Julvez Jordi , Kajantie Eero , Laivuori Hannele , Maguire Rachel , Maitre Léa , Murphy Susan K. , Murcia Mario , Villa Pia M. , Sharp Gemma , Sunyer Jordi , Raikkönen Katri , Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian , IJzendoorn Marinus van , Guxens Mònica , Relton Caroline L. , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAttention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder with a substantial genetic component. However, the extent to which epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the etiology of the disorder is unknown. We performed epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) within the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium to identify DNA methylation sites associated with ADHD symptoms at two methylation assessment periods: birth and school age. We examined associations of both DNA methylation in cord blood with repeatedly assessed ADHD symptoms (age 4–15 years) in 2477 children from 5 cohorts and of DNA methylation at school age with concurrent ADHD symptoms (age 7–11 years) in 2374 children from 9 cohorts, with 3 cohorts participating at both timepoints. CpGs identified with nominal significance (p < 0.05) in either of the EWAS were correlated between timepoints (ρ = 0.30), suggesting overlap in associations; however, top signals were very different. At birth, we identified nine CpGs that predicted later ADHD symptoms (p < 1 × 10–7), including ERC2 and CREB5. Peripheral blood DNA methylation at one of these CpGs (cg01271805 in the promoter region of ERC2, which regulates neurotransmitter release) was previously associated with brain methylation. Another (cg25520701) lies within the gene body of CREB5, which previously was associated with neurite outgrowth and an ADHD diagnosis. In contrast, at school age, no CpGs were associated with ADHD with p < 1 × 10−7. In conclusion, we found evidence in this study that DNA methylation at birth is associated with ADHD. Future studies are needed to confirm the utility of methylation variation as biomarker and its involvement in causal pathways.
Key role for lipids in cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia
Authors: Maas Dorien A. , Martens Marijn B. , Priovoulos Nikos , Zuure Wieteke A. , Homberg Judith R. , Nait-Oumesmar Brahim , Martens Gerard J. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSchizophrenia (SZ) is a psychiatric disorder with a convoluted etiology that includes cognitive symptoms, which arise from among others a dysfunctional dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). In our search for the molecular underpinnings of the cognitive deficits in SZ, we here performed RNA sequencing of gray matter from the dlPFC of SZ patients and controls. We found that the differentially expressed RNAs were enriched for mRNAs involved in the Liver X Receptor/Retinoid X Receptor (LXR/RXR) lipid metabolism pathway. Components of the LXR/RXR pathway were upregulated in gray matter but not in white matter of SZ dlPFC. Intriguingly, an analysis for shared genetic etiology, using two SZ genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and GWAS data for 514 metabolites, revealed genetic overlap between SZ and acylcarnitines, VLDL lipids, and fatty acid metabolites, which are all linked to the LXR/RXR signaling pathway. Furthermore, analysis of structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in combination with cognitive behavioral data showed that the lipid content of dlPFC gray matter is lower in SZ patients than in controls and correlates with a tendency towards reduced accuracy in the dlPFC-dependent task-switching test. We conclude that aberrations in LXR/RXR-regulated lipid metabolism lead to a decreased lipid content in SZ dlPFC that correlates with reduced cognitive performance.
Exosome-derived ENO1 regulates integrin α6β4 expression and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis
Authors: Jiang Keqiu , Dong Chengyong , Yin Zeli , Li Rui , Mao Jiakai , Wang Chengye , Zhang Junlin , Gao Zhenming , Liang Rui , Wang Qi , Wang Liming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlpha-enolase (ENO1) has been found to be dysregulated in several human malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the role of ENO1 as a glycolytic enzyme in HCC cells has been well characterized, little is known about the other roles of ENO1, especially exosome-derived ENO1, in regulating HCC progression. Here, we demonstrated that ENO1 is frequently upregulated in HCC cells or tissues, with even higher expression in highly metastatic HCC cells or metastatic tissues as well as in exosomes derived from highly metastatic sources. Moreover, ENO1 expression is associated with the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, differentiation grade and poor prognosis in HCC patients. Surprisingly, ENO1 can be transferred between HCC cells via exosome-mediated crosstalk, exhibiting an effect similar to that of ENO1 overexpression in HCC cells, which promoted the growth and metastasis of HCC cells with low ENO1 expression by upregulating integrin α6β4 expression and activating the FAK/Src-p38MAPK pathway. In summary, our data suggest that exosome-derived ENO1 is essential to promoting HCC growth, metastasis, and further patient deterioration. The findings from this study implicate a novel biomarker for the clinical evaluation of HCC progression, especially the prediction of HCC metastatic risk.