bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic homology for bornological coarse spaces
Authors: Caputi Luigi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe goal of the paper is to define Hochschild and cyclic homology for bornological coarse spaces, i.e., lax symmetric monoidal functors $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {X}HH}\,}}_{}^G$$

X
HH

G

and $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {X}HC}\,}}_{}^G$$

X
HC

G

from the category $$G\mathbf {BornCoarse}$$

G
BornCoarse

of equivariant bornological coarse spaces to the cocomplete stable $$\infty $$
∞
-category $$\mathbf {Ch}_\infty $$

Ch
∞

of chain complexes reminiscent of the classical Hochschild and cyclic homology. We investigate relations to coarse algebraic K-theory $$\mathcal {X}K^G_{}$$

X

K

G

and to coarse ordinary homology $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {X}H}\,}}^G$$

X
H

G

by constructing a trace-like natural transformation $$\mathcal {X}K_{}^G\rightarrow {{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {X}H}\,}}^G$$

X

K

G

→

X
H

G

that factors through coarse Hochschild (and cyclic) homology. We further compare the forget-control map for $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {X}HH}\,}}_{}^G$$

X
HH

G

with the associated generalized assembly map.
Properties and anisotropy behaviour of a nickel base alloy material produced by robot-based wire and arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Hassel Thomas , Carstensen Torben 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn order to produce three-dimensional components from metals, a wide variety of processes exist. Laser processes combined with metal powders are frequently used and developed. Restrictive factors are the machine-related small workspace, the machinery costs and the material portfolio, which place the technology in the area of high-performance components. Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), as a robust and economical welding process technology in combination with robot applications, represents an option to become more size-independent and provides variability in the range of materials. This work shows results for the robot-based WAAM of structures made from nickel alloy 617. The main focus of the investigation was the determination of the mechanical properties in the as-welded state for which static strength tests, microhardness and metallographic studies were carried out. The anisotropic material behaviour in relation to the build direction (BD) was tested. The direction-dependent strength properties of single-track welded structures are presented with samples taken and tested at 0°, 45° and 90° to the BD. The deformation behaviour was investigated by micro-tensile tests in a scanning electron microscope, whereby the formation of sliding steps on the polished surface under tensile stress was studied. The anisotropic behaviour of the WAAM structures is discussed under consideration of the microstructure and with regard to the grain size development and phase formation. The results indicate an anisotropic material behaviour in the as-welded state based of the crystallographic orientation of the material.
Protective effects of two food hydrocolloids on dental erosion: Nanomechanical properties and microtribological behavior study
Authors: Xiao Heng , Zheng Liang , Han Wei , Wu Rui , Zheng Jing , Zhou Zhongrong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the protective effects of two food hydrocolloids, Xanthan gum and Arabic gum, on dental erosion are investigated from the perspective of the nanomechanical properties and microtribological behavior of acid-eroded enamel. Enamel specimens prepared from extracted human teeth were immersed in citric acid solution (CAS), CAS with 0.03% w/v Xanthan gum and CAS with 0.03% w/v Arabic gum, respectively, for 10 min to obtain three groups of eroded specimens. The nanomechanical properties and microtribological behavior of enamel were examined using nano-indentation/scratch techniques. The results show that compared with Arabic gum, Xanthan gum inhibits enamel surface demineralization and acid permeation more effectively because of a more uniform and denser adsorption on the surface of the enamel. The impairment of the nanomechanical and microtribological properties of the enamel surface by acid erosion is mitigated more significantly by adding trace amounts of Xanthan gum than Arabic gum. In summary, adding trace food hydrocolloids reduces enamel surface demineralization and inhibits acid permeation to mitigate the influence of erosion on the mechanical and tribological properties of enamel. The adsorption state of food hydrocolloids is the determining factor in the permeability of acid agents into the enamel and plays a significant role in preventing dental erosion.
Strong security starts with software development
Authors: Cope Rod 
Published: July 2020

While there is – rightly – a big focus on securing software that is already deployed, the reality is that many future vulnerabilities stem from the creation of that software. Insecure applications give hackers a back door. For instance, buffer overflows and code injection attacks can lead to compromised confidentiality of data, loss of service, damage to the systems of thousands of users, even – in the case of products containing embedded software, such as medical equipment or vehicles – risk to life. While we focus on securing software that is already deployed, the reality is that many future vulnerabilities stem from the creation of that software. Securing development is a tough challenge due to the increasing complexity of software, the volume of code, multiple contributors, distributed teams and the pressure to deliver to tight deadlines. Plus, developers traditionally have not been focused on security. That is changing with the emergence of DevSecOps, which focuses on implementing software security practices and tools at every stage of the lifecycle, explains Rod Cope of Perforce Software.
Overcoming the security risks of remote working
Authors: Malecki Florian 
Published: July 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic has transformed the way businesses operate. Around the world, governments have implemented regulation to protect people and slow the spread of the virus. This includes strict lockdown and social distancing measures that have prompted entire workforces to start working remotely. The Covid-19 pandemic has transformed the way businesses operate. As millions of people work from the safety of their homes, we have witnessed the creation of the largestever global remote workforce. Moving millions of employees, their computers and their data away from a secure office environment presents tremendous data security risks, ranging from simple technical glitches to full-scale ransomware attacks. The role of IT teams in business continuity has never been more important, says Florian Malecki of StorageCraft.
Ethnic Variation in Immigrants' Diets and Food Acculturation – United States 1999–2012
Authors: Gustavsen Geir Wæhler , Dong Diansheng , Nayga Rodolfo M. , Rickertsen Kyrre 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImmigration has changed the United States from having a predominantly white to a more ethnically diverse population. People who move to the U.S. may initially have diets unlike native-born Americans but gradually adopt eating patterns more like them. Using NHANES data and a censored gamma regression model, this study estimated the daily consumption of major food products among groups of immigrants and the corresponding groups born in the U.S. Results show that immigrants had lower consumption of meat and higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, and immigrants’ consumption converged towards a less healthy American diet after five years in the U.S.
Political Engines: The Emotional Politics of Bells in Eighteenth-Century England
Authors: Tullett William 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article asks how and why bells maintained their central place in political culture between 1660 and 1832, a question that can best be approached from the perspective of histories of the emotions and senses. Such a consideration of bells allows us to extend the concept of “emotives” to encompass material culture. Often believed to “speak,” bells were fundamental to a binary emotional regime: the joy and sorrow they expressed and created were essential to perceptions of deference, community, and national feeling. But they could also be inverted and used a form of resistance. For those outside the religious or political status quo, bells could instantiate forms of emotional suffering. Tracing the “listening public” of which bells were part demonstrates the importance of the freedom to hear in the eighteenth-century public sphere. In this context, the ascription of material and emotional agency to bells was a useful rhetorical tool. Its deployment in newspaper reports of ringing, which served to encourage certain ways of listening, points to the importance of both text and sound in creating a “listening public.” But this listening public was also marked by forms of emotional suffering and exclusion that trouble the place of practices of celebration in any nascent “English” or “British” identity.
Effects of geographical and climatic factors on cystic echinococcosis in south-western Iran
Authors: Jamshidi A. , Haniloo A. , Fazaeli A. , Ghatee M.A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the larval form ofEchinococcus granulosusthat can cause serious health and economic problems in the endemic foci. CE is globally distributed in various climatic conditions from circumpolar to tropical latitudes. Iran is an important endemic area with a spectrum of weather conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of geo-climatic factors on the distribution of livestock CE in south-western Iran (SWI) in 2016 to 2018. Data of livestock CE were retrieved from veterinary organizations of four provinces of SWI. The geo-climatic factors, including mean annual temperature (MAT), minimum MAT (MinMAT), maximum MAT (MaxMAT), mean annual rainfall (MAR), elevation, mean annual evaporation (MAE), sunny hours, wind speed, mean annual humidity (MAH), slope, frost days and land cover, were analysed using geographical information systems (GIS) approaches. The statistical analysis showed that MAR, frost days, elevation, slope and semi-condensed forest land cover were positively and MAE, MAT, MaxMAT, MinMAT and salt and salinity land cover were negatively correlated with CE occurrence. MAE was shown to be a predictive factor in the stepwise linear logistic regression model. In short, the current GIS-based study found that areas with lower evaporation were the main CE risk zones, though those with lower temperature and higher rainfall, altitude and slope, especially where covered with or in close proximity of semi-condensed forest, should be prioritized for consideration by health professionals and veterinarians for conducting control programmes in SWI.
Beyond Welfare Chauvinism and Deservingness. Rationales of Belonging as a Conceptual Framework for the Politics and Governance of Migrants’ Rights
Authors: CARMEL EMMA , SOJKA BOŻENA 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article argues that the politics and governance of migrants’ rights needs to be reframed. In particular, the terms “welfare chauvinism”, and deservingness should be replaced. Using a qualitative transnational case study of policymakers in Poland and the UK, we develop an alternative approach. In fine-grained and small-scale interpretive analysis, we tease out four distinct “rationales of belonging” that mark out the terms and practices of social membership, as well as relative positions of privilege and subordination. These rationales of belonging are: temporal-territorial, ethno-cultural, labourist, and welfareist. Importantly, these rationales are knitted together by different framings of the transnational contexts, within which the politics and governance of migration and social protection are given meaning. The rationales of belonging do not exist in isolation, but, in each country, they qualify each other in ways that imply different politics and governance of migrants’ rights. Taken together, these rationales of belonging generate transnational projects of social exclusion, as well as justifications for migrant inclusion stratified by class, gender and ethnicity.
Conceptual transfer and lexical development in adjectives of space: Evidence from judgments, reaction times, and eye tracking
Authors: Wolter Brent , Yamashita Junko , Leung Chi Yui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigated conceptual transfer and lexical development for spatial adjectives using participant judgments, reaction times, and eye-tracking measures. The study focused on the Japanese adjectivesemaiand its partially equivalent English translationnarrow. The study presented participants with images depicting two rooms with slight differences in height and width and asked them to identify which room was narrower. The only variation was the language in which the instructions were given: native language (L1) instructions for two L1 control groups, second language (L2) instructions for the experimental group (L1 Japanese speakers of L2 English). The results showed fundamental differences in processing between the control groups in respect to the judgments and reaction times, but not for the eye-tracking measures. Furthermore, the experimental group’s behavior indicated a conceptual understanding ofnarrowthat was in line with developments in proficiency, but also limited to the judgment and reaction time measures. Based on these findings, we conclude that (a) conceptual transfer affects processing on receptive language tasks, and (b) L2 conceptual representations come to resemble those of native speakers as learners develop their lexical knowledge. However, we also suggest that (c) although conceptualizations likely affect cognitive functions, our eye-tracking data were too crude to capture this.
Morphosyntactic adaptation in adult L2 processing: Exposure and the processing of case and tense violations
Authors: Hopp Holger 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates morphosyntactic adaptation in second language (L2) sentence processing. In a pre-/posttest control group design, two experiments with intermediate to advanced German–English learners examine whether massed exposure to informative input leads to adaptation in L2 processing in that L2 readers come to integrate inflection in real-time comprehension. Experiment 1 on case marking shows that input causing prediction error and flagging the target parse leads to nativelike integration of case in the reanalysis of garden-path sentences. Experiment 2 shows partially nativelike processing of adverbial–verb tense mismatches after exposure to target input. Adaptation was selective to the experimental versus the control group in processing, yet it did not generalize to offline, explicit performance. We conclude that morphosyntactic adaptation constitutes an implicit learning mechanism in L2 processing, and we discuss its implications for models of L2 processing and acquisition.
Testing the role of processing speed and automaticity in second language listening
Authors: Hui Bronson , Godfroid Aline 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSecond language (L2) listening requires efficient processing of continuing incoming information (Vandergrift & Goh, 2012). Even so, research into individual differences in L2 listening has mostly shed light on the role of linguistic knowledge measured without time pressure (e.g., Mecarty, 2000; Wang & Treffers-Daller, 2017; cf. Vafaee & Suzuki, 2020), leaving the role of processing speed and automaticity largely unexplored. To close this gap, we explored the determinants of successful listening using three processing tasks at lexical, syntactic, and propositional levels. Participants were 44 Chinese learners of English. Response accuracy afforded measures of vocabulary size, syntactic parsing skills, and formulation of propositional meaning. Reaction times and the coefficient of variation (Segalowitz & Segalowitz, 1993) afforded processing speed and automaticity measures at each level. We found a hierarchical relationship between different levels of processing, whereby lower-level, lexical effects cascade up and are mediated by propositional comprehension in accounting for listening comprehension. The results highlight the importance of considering processing accuracy and speed at different levels of the linguistic hierarchy to explain variability among L2 listeners. Different from most previous studies, we argue for a need to consider the temporal aspects of processing, along with linguistic knowledge, in modeling L2 listening.
Age, frequency, and iconicity in early sign language acquisition: Evidence from the Israeli Sign Language MacArthur–Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory
Authors: Novogrodsky Rama , Meir Natalia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current study described the development of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory (CDI) for Israeli Sign Language (ISL) and investigated the effects of age, sign iconicity, and sign frequency on lexical acquisition of bimodal-bilingual toddlers acquiring ISL. Previous findings bring inconclusive evidence on the role of sign iconicity (the relationship between form and meaning) and sign frequency (how often a word/sign is used in the language) on the acquisition of signs. The ISL-CDI consisted of 563 video clips. Iconicity ratings from 41 sign-naïve Hebrew-speaking adults (Study 1A) and sign frequency ratings from 19 native ISL adult signers (Study 1B) were collected. ISL vocabulary was evaluated in 34 toddlers, native signers (Study 2). Results indicated significant effects of age, strong correlations between parental ISL ratings and ISL size even when age was controlled for, and strong correlations between naturalistic data and ISL-CDI scores, supporting the validity of the ISL-CDI. Moreover, the results revealed effects of iconicity, frequency, and interactions between age and the iconicity and frequency factors, suggesting that both iconicity and frequency are modulated by age. The findings contribute to the field of sign language acquisition and to our understanding of potential factors affecting human language acquisition beyond language modality.
A meta-analysis of the relationship between working memory and second language reading comprehension: Does task type matter?
Authors: Shin Jihye 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite the increasing attention paid to the role of working memory in reading, findings and measurement of working memory have been inconsistent. The current meta-analysis aims to provide a quantitative description of the overall relationship between second language (L2) reading comprehension and working memory measured through reading span task and identify methodological features that moderate this relationship. Following a comprehensive search, 25 primary studies (23 peer-reviewed studies and 2 dissertations) were included comprising 37 unique samples (N = 2,682), all of which were coded for substantive and methodological features. The results showed that (a) there is a moderate relationship between L2 reading comprehension and working memory (r = .30), (b) reading span task features such as the scoring procedure, task language, and final word recall order moderate this relationship, and (c) the degree to which working memory’s involvement in L2 reading comprehension may vary depending on the type of reading tasks at hand. Implications are discussed in terms of conceptualization and measurement of working memory. Future directions are also offered in relation to measurement practices to encourage consistency and to improve our understanding of the link between working memory and L2 reading comprehension.
Robust Multimode Flight Framework Based on Sliding Mode Control for a Rotary UAV
Authors: Villanueva Abraham , Luque-Vega Luis F. , González-Jiménez Luis E. , Arellano-Muro Carlos A. 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYThis work presents a multimode flight framework control scheme for a quadrotor based on the super twisting algorithm. The controller design stages for six flight control modes are presented. The stability proof for each flight mode is carried out by means of Lyapunov functions, while the stability analysis for the complete control scheme, when a transition from one flight mode to another occurs, is demonstrated using the switching nonlinear systems theory. The performance of the proposed framework is shown in a 3D simulation environment considering a forest fire detection task, which takes into account external disturbances.
Prevalence of breastfeeding and its obstacles in patients with CHD in southern Brazil
Authors: Ribas Goulart Maíra , Lima Julia , Ahlert Marcelo , Barbiero Sandra , Schneid Schuh Daniela , Pellanda Lucia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Breast milk is nutritionally adequate and is related to the reduction of various health problems in childhood. Its offer is widely recommended in health guidelines.Objective:To estimate the prevalence and obstacles to breastfeeding in patients with CHD in southern Brazil.Methods:Cross-sectional study of patients with CHD between 2 and 18 years of age. Patients with genetic syndromes and patients whose mothers had died were excluded from the analysis. The variables on breastfeeding in the first 2 years of life were collected through a phone call to the mothers, which was conducted by trained evaluators. Prevalence was described in proportions and the continuous variables as means and standard deviation. Bivariate analyses were evaluated using a chi-square test to measure the association between the variables and the outcome.Results:A total of 351 patients with CHD were analysed. There was a predominance of males (53%) and a mean age of 9.54 ± 4.52 years. Breastfeeding up to the sixth month was present in 40% of the cases.Conclusion:The mothers of babies with CHD face great challenges to maintain the supply of breast milk, whether inherent to the practice of breastfeeding or related to CHD.
Functional deletion of neuropeptide Y receptors type 2 in local synaptic networks of anteroventral BNST facilitates recall and increases return of fear
Authors: Bartsch Julia Constance , Jamil Sara , Remmes Jasmin , Verma Dilip , Pape Hans-Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReturn of previously extinguished fear memories presents a major hurdle in treatment of fear-related disorders. Neuropeptide Y receptors type 2 (Y2R) in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) seem to play a crucial role in modulation of remote fear memories. Here, we targeted Cre-channelrhodopsin-2 to defined subregions of BNST or central amygdala (CeA) in floxed Y2R mice (Y2lox/lox) for functional deletion of Y2R. We combined fear training and behavioral studies in vivo with optogenetic-electrophysiological analysis of BNST synaptic network activity ex vivo, in order to identify regional and cellular specificities of Y2R influence. Deletion of Y2R in the ventral section of anterior BNST (BNSTav) did not affect fear acquisition, but increased conditioned fear during recall and extinction learning, and aggravated remote fear return. By contrast, deletion of Y2R in the dorsal section of anterior BNST (BNSTad) or CeA did not influence acquisition, extinction or return of fear memories. Ex vivo optogenetic-electrophysiological analysis revealed Y2R-expressing local GABAergic inhibitory networks in BNST, both within (intraregional) and in-between (inter-regional) BNST subregions. Stimulation of Y2R resulted in a presynaptically mediated reduction of GABAergic responses, which did not differ between intraregional but predominantly affected inter-regional connections from BNSTav to BNSTad. Moreover, deletion of Y2R decreased the excitation/inhibition balance in BNSTav neurons, suggesting a regulatory influence of endogenous NPY via intraregional GABAergic microcircuits. This study reveals Y2R within local GABAergic networks in BNST as key elements in facilitating extinction and reducing return of remote fear memories, suggesting a potential avenue for translational purposes.