bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Incidence of Hypopigmented Marks in the Endangered Florida Bonneted Bat
Authors: Smith Lisa M. , Gore Jeffery A. , de Torrez Elizabeth C. Braun , Webb Elysia , Ridgley Frank , Tornwall Brett 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAberrant patches of white skin or fur known as hypopigmented marks have been observed in many mammal species worldwide, but they are typically limited to only a few individuals in a population. Hypopigmented marks were documented in only two museum specimens of the federally endangered Florida bonneted bat (Eumops floridanus) as early as 1950, but recent observations suggest that these marks may be more common in this species than previously believed. To better understand the occurrence and persistence of hypopigmented marks in Florida bonneted bats, we evaluated the variation in frequency, compared effects on survival, and assessed spatial and temporal differences of specimens at an intensively studied site and across the species range. From 2014 through 2017, we regularly captured Florida bonneted bats for demographic studies at Babcock–Webb Wildlife Management Area in Charlotte County and we observed hypopigmented marks on 172 (80.8%) of 213 individuals, the highest incidence known for bats. The proportion of hypopigmented marks did not differ with sex, age at first capture, or reproductive status, and importantly, we documented the persistence of hypopigmented marks in individuals over multiple months. We also found no difference in survival or capture probability between hypopigmented and solid-colored individuals. Using data from concurrent mist-net studies, we assessed the proportion of Florida bonneted bats with hypopigmented marks across the species range and found a higher proportion of individuals with hypopigmented marks in the two northern counties (80.8% in Charlotte County and 61.5% in Polk County) compared with the two southern counties (21.1% in Miami–Dade County and 16.7% in Collier County). Additionally, we compared the proportion of hypopigmented individuals in Miami–Dade County between recently captured/collected bats (post-2004) and historically (pre-1965) collected museum specimens and found more hypopigmented marks in recently captured bats. The persistence of hypopigmented marks over time, the presence of marks on bats from different locations, and our finding of no effect of age on the presence of marks all strongly suggest that the hypopigmented marks in Florida bonneted bats are the result of genetic rather than environmental factors. Further study is required to understand the mechanism underlying the high incidence of hypopigmented marks and to determine whether the prevalence of hypopigmented marks indicates low genetic diversity that could threaten Florida bonneted bats.
Les généalogies polynésiennes, une mise en récit du monde sociocosmique, de son origine et de son ordre
Authors: Chave-Dartoen Sophie , Saura Bruno 
Published: December 2019

Une des caractéristiques des traditions orales polynésiennes tient à l’importance qu’y occupent les récitations généalogiques, dont certaines s’étendent sur plus de cent générations. Celles de chefs ou de groupes sociaux éminents sont souvent enchâssées dans des cosmologies mettant en scène des forces naturelles présentées comme des ancêtres. Inversement, c’est souvent sous une forme généalogique que se déclinent les anciennes cosmogonies polynésiennes. L’étude de ces divers récits généalogiques polynésiens, menée principalement ici sur la base d’exemples des îles Tonga, Marquises et Hawai’i, permet de dégager certaines caractéristiques importantes de ces sociétés. Ces textes, généralement sacrés et poétiques, sont des constructions sociales et historiques qui renforcent l’ordre sociocosmique et, dans de nombreux cas, légitiment la position des groupes sociaux en mesure de faire valoir une prééminence.
« Et maintenant, nous allons marcher dans les pas du chemin qui vient de Tamoa… » Un cas d’usage du récit généalogique à Tabiteuea, Kiribati
Authors: Camus Guigone 
Published: December 2019

Les atolls de Kiribati, dans le Pacifique central, ont produit des récits des plus saisissants. Prenant parfois l’aspect de petits livres, nombre d’entre eux, conservés dans des archives d’ethnologues, de missionnaires ou d’administrateurs coloniaux, relatent la naissance et l’organisation du cosmos, l’histoire des migrations des ancêtres des habitants des atolls, ainsi que les modalités de l’organisation territoriale et sociale de ces ancêtres. Offrant une place conséquente à l’énumération onomastique et toponymique, ils constituent des supports de la mémoire orale et peuvent être utilisés par des individus qui, confrontés à un litige foncier ou statutaire, s’y référeront pour rappeler que leur filiation, étreinte dans un maillage généalogique attestant de droits fonciers multilocaux hérités en double ligne, leur permet de jouir de ces droits en toute légitimité. Nous suivons ici la plume d’un auteur, Kambati Roteman, originaire de l’atoll de Tabiteuea. En 1948, il confie à Katharine Luomala, ethnologue du Bishop Museum qui y effectue un terrain de quelques mois, un cahier d’écolier sur les pages duquel il se raconte, au travers d’un long récit dont la structure généalogique apparaît de manière plus ou moins ostensible. Tout au long de son récit, l’auteur joue sur la quantité et le rythme et, alternant entre prose longue et détaillée et listes généalogiques, instaurant une discontinuité littéraire, il recourt habilement à des variations narratives qui placent ses ancêtres à des niveaux hiérarchiques qui lui permettent de situer son identité dans des dimensions philosophiques et temporelles variables.
Enhancing Communication: Students' Experiences of Writing in an Interdisciplinary Curriculum
Authors: Blekic Mirela , Knepler Annie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe authors examine the possibilities and challenges of integrating writing instruction into an interdisciplinary general education curriculum. The authors analyze the results of a 2017–18 academic research project that explored how students perceive themselves as writers, and how both students and faculty perceive the role of written communication in students' lives at the university and beyond. The research focused on the experiences and perceptions of Freshman Inquiry (FRINQ) students at Portland State University, as well as the perception of faculty who teach across the institution. The results speak to the importance of faculty feedback and indicate that many students associate feedback with becoming stronger writers. The findings also indicate that faculty and students hold slightly different perceptions of the role of writing; whereas the majority of FRINQ students connected writing skills to academic and career success, faculty were more likely to frame the role of writing in broader terms, emphasizing the need for students to be able to effectively express their ideas.
Radical Inclusion: Broadening University Communities
Authors: Fisher Lydia , McFarland Megan , Arthur Deborah Smith , Estevez Mychal L. , Kimberling Michael 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article examines two separate and distinct initiatives offered through the University Studies Program at Portland State University: (1) collaboration with an academic program for students with significant intellectual disabilities, and (2) senior-level Capstone courses that include students who are incarcerated. These initiatives are examined as examples of ways that University Studies is doing the work of effective radical inclusion in higher education. The authors reflect on their experiences within these courses that work with students from groups that have not traditionally been included, welcomed, and accommodated at the university. Additionally they share student reflections as evidence of the benefits for all students of these inclusive initiatives. The article also assesses the broader institutional significance of these two efforts to implement radical inclusion, including how the involvement of these very different groups of nontraditional students has shaped the authors and their learning communities, what University Studies is doing well to serve these two student populations, the challenges encountered, and considerations for the future.
Positionality in Teaching: Implications for Advancing Social Justice
Authors: Ortiz Angelica Paz , Tarasawa Beth , Al-Musaifry Noelle , Trimble Anmarie , Straton Jack 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTeaching classes concerned with justice and equity led us to understand that we must model justice and equity in all of our work. In order to ask students to be vulnerable in talking about how they have been exposed to, and impacted by, society's messages about race, gender, and sexual identity, we have a responsibility to first demonstrate that vulnerability ourselves. Thus, our work is more about “being” than “doing.” Modeling honest self-assessment allows us to ask students to be reflective about their relationship to power, privilege, and oppression. A reader hesitating to do this work should remember that analyzing power imbalances, misshapen structures, and hidden assumptions are familiar critical thinking tasks. If talking about our own mistakes, struggles, and fears is central to the curriculum, that lessens the fear of making mistakes in a new endeavor and even normalizes and values these moments. Just as students benefit from a new openness to authentic stories of others, and a deeper understanding of their own stories, so are teachers' lives enriched thereby.
Análise jurídico fundiária em cidades da mesorregião potiguar: apontamentos de instrumentos legais para a promoção da regularização fundiária de interesse social
Authors: Carvalho Carla Caroline Alves , Sousa Junior Almir Mariano de , Lima Daniela De Freitas , Silva Manoel Mariano Neto da 
Published: December 2019

Considerando o predominante quadro de informalidade urbana no Brasil é importante notar que esse fato está associado com a ocupação da população em situação de vulnerabilidade socioecômica. A moradia regular é um direito social que integra outros direitos constitucionais como o trabalho, lazer, educação e saúde. Nessa perspectiva, é a partir da implantação da regularização fundiária de interesse social que surge a oportunidade de mudar a história, dado que ao morar regularmente é possível fazer parte efetivamente da cidade. Portanto, estudar a área a ser regularizada observando todos os seus aspectos é imprescindível para a determinação de um instrumento que melhor se adeque a cada realidade e assim reduzir custos, tempo e ganhar qualidade no serviço prestado. Diante disso, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar uma análise jurídico fundiária de municípios da mesorregião potiguar, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte e a partir de então apontar os instrumentos legais a serem utilizados na regularização Fundiária de Interesse Social. Para efetivação dessa pesquisa adota-se quanto ao método de abordagem um estudo qualitativo e quantitativo, quanto ao objetivo um estudo de caso e por fim, quanto aos procedimentos adotados na coleta de dados trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e de campo.
Agroeocology, sustainable farming and mesmis methodology in Central Region of RS
Authors: Sena Mauricio Machado , Pasqualotto Nayara , Kaufmann Marielen 
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho investiga a contribuição dos agricultores familiares em transição Agroecológica, na Região do Território Central do Rio Grande do Sul, para a Agroecologia e Sustentabilidade. Foi elaborado a partir da metodologia Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturales incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidad, ou MESMIS, utilizando-se de documentos, entrevistas e fotografias recolhidos entre abril de 2015 e junho de 2016, em oito (08) agroecossistemas em transição agroecológica. A partir desse grupo, questionamos como as concepções a respeito da Agroecologia contribuem para a manutenção da sustentabilidade. Apontamos, por fim, a importância das metodologias participativas, e do protagonismo dos agricultores familiares, na produção de projetos de desenvolvimento sustentável, pesquisas e trabalhos científicos relevantes que valorizem as experiências de construção e intercâmbio desses saberes e conhecimentos.
Om betydningen af den senmoderne danske (K/M/L)-variation som henholdsvis Pige-sprog og Drenge-sprog
Authors: Kristiansen Tore 
Published: December 2019

Ved Sprogforandringscentret (DGCSS) ved Københavns Universitet gennemfører vi ret omfattende undersøgelser af unge menneskers holdninger til den sproglige variation der er en del af deres hverdag. Hvis vi omtaler denne variation som (K)-farvning, (M)-farvning og (L)-farvning af dansk ’standardsprog’, viser vores resultater at (M)-farvet sprogbrug kommer bedst ud når vurderingen gælder ’dynamiske’ værdier (’spændende’, ’tjekket’ o.l.), mens (K)-farvet sprogbrug klarer sig lige så godt eller bedre når det drejer sig om ’superiore’ værdier (’klog’, ’seriøs’ o.l.). (L)-farvning nedvurderes generelt og stærkt i forhold til både (M)- og (K)-farvning. Denne artikel ser nærmere på hvordan taler-køn spiller ind. (M)-farvning vurderes gennemgående og konsistent mere positivt som Drenge-sprog end som Pige-sprog. I hovedsag vurderes (K)-Drenge mere positivt end (K)-Piger mht. ’superiore’ værdier, men mere negativt mht. ’dynamiske’ værdier; (K)-Drenge nedvurderes især som ’kedelige’ og ’utjekkede’. Taler-kønnets betydning for vurderingen af (L)-farvning varierer mere de undersøgte steder imellem.
Dynamic changes in prescription opioids from 2006 to 2017 in Texas
Authors: Ighodaro Ebuwa O. , McCall Kenneth L. , Chung Daniel Y. , Nichols Stephanie D. , Piper Brian J. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe US is experiencing an epidemic of opioid overdoses which may be at least partially due to an over-reliance on opioid analgesics in the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain and subsequent escalation to heroin or illicit fentanyl. As Texas was reported to be among the lowest in the US for opioid use and misuse, further examination of this state is warranted.Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted to quantify prescription opioid use in Texas. Data was obtained from the publicly available US Drug Enforcement Administration’s Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS) which monitors controlled substances transactions from manufacture to commercial distribution. Data for 2006–2017 from Texas for ten prescription opioids including eight primarily used to relieve pain (codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone) and two (buprenorphine and methadone) for the treatment of an Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) were examined.ResultsThe change in morphine mg equivalent (MME) of all opioids (+23.3%) was only slightly greater than the state’s population gains (21.1%). Opioids used to treat an OUD showed pronounced gains (+90.8%) which were four-fold faster than population growth. Analysis of individual agents revealed pronounced elevations in codeine (+387.5%), hydromorphone (+106.7%), and oxycodone (+43.6%) and a reduction in meperidine (−80.3%) in 2017 relative to 2006. Methadone in 2017 accounted for a greater portion (39.5%) of the total MME than hydrocodone, oxycodone, morphine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, and meperidine, combined. There were differences between urban and rural areas in the changes in hydrocodone and buprenorphine.ConclusionsCollectively, these findings indicate that continued vigilance is needed in Texas to appropriately treat pain and an OUD while minimizing the potential for prescription opioid diversion and misuse. Texas may lead the US in a return to pre-opioid epidemic prescription levels.
Suppository Effect of Aqueous Root Extract of Moringa oleifera on Alcohol Induce Liver Toxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors: O. E. Eteng , Ekpo Grace , Enobong Joe , Arikpo Iwara , Ufot Saviour , Abam Kenyoh , Nsa Archibong , Ekam Victor , Ubana Eyong 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Moringa oleifera root is the most underutilized part of the plant and it is rich in many phytochemicals.
Aim of the Study: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Standardized and characterized aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera following the administration of alcohol-induced liver damage in albino wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: Thirty (30) experimental rats weighing 100-120 g were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1, the normal control group was given just rat feed and water, group 2, negative control was administered alcohol only (1.5 ml/kg body weight), rats in group 3, 4 and 5 received combined administration of alcohol 1.5 ml/kg body weight and 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of characterized aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera respectively, group 6 rats were administered 250mg/body weight of extract only. At the end of fourteen days (14) the experimental rats were then sacrificed and the serum liver enzymes were then assayed.
Results: The results obtained from the laboratory was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc test was done afterwards. Rats fed alcohol only produced significant increase in the levels of enzyme markers of tissue damage (AST, ALT and ALP) compared to normal control rats. Rats in group 3, 4 and 5 that were post treated with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of extract and they had significant decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of these enzyme markers in a dose-dependent manner compared to the negative control. The extract control group had no significant increase (P<0.05) in the levels of the enzyme markers when compared to the normal control; however, there was a significant increase in the serum activity of ALP of the extract control group when compared with the normal control.
Conclusion: The present study exhibited a potent hepatoprotective effect against liver injury caused by alcohol administration. This suppository effect could be related to the antioxidant’s properties of Moringa oleifera that is rich in flavonoids and phenolic constituents of the extracts may contribute to their enzyme action.
Prevalence of Childhood Obesity among Primary School Students at Taif Governorate, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlGhamdi Rasheed Ali 
Published: December 2019

Background: Obesity in children is rapidly emerging as a global epidemic that will have profound public health consequences as overweight children become overweight adults particularly if obesity is present in adolescence.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school children between 6-12 years (males and females) at Taif primary schools and determine the associated dietary risk factors for overweight and obesity.
Methods: A cross sectional analytic study was implemented included a representative sample of primary school students (boys and girls) enrolled in governmental schools in Taif, Saudi Arabia, 2014-2015. Data were collected by using valid self-administered questionnaire, with family help. It including socio-demographic characteristics and detailed dietary history. Body mass index-for-age percentiles of CDC were utilized in this study to diagnose obesity.
Results: Among schoolboys, the prevalence of overweight was 10.7%, while prevalence of obesity was 7.6%; the problem seemed to be worse in girls, where the prevalence of overweight and obesity were 16.8% and 18.2%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that girls were al almost double risk for developing overweight/obesity compared to boys ((aOR=1.93; 95%CI: 1.03-3.60, p<0.05). Habit of eating cheeps potatoes at school at abnormal rate was associated with almost three-folded risk for obesity or overweight compared to eating cheeps potatoes within normal (aOR=3.14; 95%CI: 1.17-8.41). School children who had the habit of taking fast foods at least three times/week were more likely to develop obesity or overweight compared to those who did not take fast foods (aOR=1.98; 95%CI:1.08-6.30).
Conclusions: Overweight and obesity among primary school children in Taif city, Saudi Arabia is a public health problem affecting more than one-third of girls and almost one fifth of boys. It confirms the significant association between some unhealthy dietary habits and increase prevalence of childhood obesity.
A Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Atmospherics Parameters Retrieved by a Neuro-varationnal Method off the West African Coast
Authors: Diouf Daouda , Thiria Sylvie , Niang Awa , Brajard Julien , Crepin Michel 
Published: December 2019

In this work, we study spatial and temporal atmospherics parameters evolution retrieved by neuro-variationnal method from SeaWiFS observations measured off the west African coast.
The SeaWiFS sensor measures the radiance above the top of atmosphere (TOA) solar irradiance.
SeaWiFS use standard algorithm to invert the signal in order to retrieve weakly absorbing aerosol optical thickness (AOT) less than 0.3 whereas the Senegalese coasts are frequently crossed by desert dust plumes from large optical thickness.
A neural algorithm, so-called SOM-NV, was developed to deal with absorbing aerosols and to retrieve their optical parameters, off the Senegalese coast, from SeaWiFS observations.
The impact of meteorological variables on these restitutions was studied over the entire period of the observations that we analyzed and over the whole studied area, on the one hand, but also in a more thorough way on three "sub-area" located in north, south and center. The results obtained showed that the composition of aerosols in the atmosphere is a function of the seasons. High altitude zonal U winds are correlated with non-desert aerosols of -62.16% in winter and autumn. The correlation is -60.32% between dust aerosols and the zonal wind.
Investigation of patient and observer agreement on description of seizures at initial clinical visit
Authors: Saleem Maha N. , Arencibia Christopher A. , McKenna Kevin , Cristofaro Sabrina , Detyniecki Kamil , Friedman Daniel , French Jacqueline , Blumenfeld Hal ,   the HEP Investigators
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere have been few studies of agreement between seizure descriptions obtained from patients and observers. We investigated 220 patients and observers who completed structured questionnaires about patients’ semiological seizure features at the initial clinical visit. Inter‐rater reliability was assessed using Cohen’s kappa and indices of positive and negative agreement. Patients and observers had excellent agreement on the presence of memory impairment and generalized shaking and stiffness during seizures. In addition, patients under‐reported seizure descriptions more easily observed externally, whereas observers under‐reported change in patient location at seizure end. These findings may guide interpretation of clinical histories obtain in epilepsy care.