bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Normobaric Hypoxia on Resistance Training Adaptations in Older Adults
Authors: Allsopp Giselle L. , Hoffmann Samantha M. , Feros Simon A. , Pasco Julie A. , Russell Aaron P. , Wright Craig R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Allsopp, GL, Hoffmann, SM, Feros, SA, Pasco, JA, Russell, AP, and Wright, CR. The effect of normobaric hypoxia on resistance training adaptations in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2306–2312, 2022—The effect of normobaric hypoxia on strength, body composition, and cardiovascular fitness was investigated after a resistance training intervention in older adults. A single-blinded, randomized control trial recruited 20 healthy adults aged 60–75 years for an 8-week resistance training intervention in normoxia (n = 10) or normobaric hypoxia (14.4% O2; n = 10). Subjects performed 2 sessions per week of upper-body and lower-body exercises at 70% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Pretraining and post-training, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), muscular endurance (30 maximal knee flexions/extensions), and 5RM were assessed, with 5RM used to calculate 1RM. Subjects underwent whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at pretraining and post-training for fat and lean mass quantification. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Subjects in both groups substantially improved their calculated 1RM strength for leg extension, pectoral fly, row, and squat (normoxia; 30, 38, 27, and 29%, hypoxia; 43, 50, 28, and 64%, respectively); however, hypoxia did not augment this response. Hypoxia did not enhance V̇O2max or muscular endurance responses after the training intervention, with no improvements seen in either group. Fat mass and lean mass remained unchanged in both groups after the intervention. In summary, 8 weeks of resistance training in hypoxia was well tolerated in healthy older adults and increased upper-body and lower-body strength. However, the magnitude of strength and lean muscle improvements in hypoxia was no greater than normoxia; therefore, there is currently no evidence to support the use of hypoxic resistance training in older adults.
A Window of Vascular Plasticity Coupled to Behavioral Recovery after Stroke
Authors: Williamson Michael R. , Franzen Ronald L. , Fuertes Cathleen Joy A. , Dunn Andrew K. , Drew Michael R. , Jones Theresa A. 
Published: September 2020

Stroke causes remodeling of vasculature surrounding the infarct, but whether and how vascular remodeling contributes to recovery are unclear. We established an approach to monitor and compare changes in vascular structure and blood flow with high spatiotemporal precision after photothrombotic infarcts in motor cortex using longitudinal 2-photon and multiexposure speckle imaging in mice of both sexes. A spatially graded pattern of vascular structural remodeling in peri-infarct cortex unfolded over the first 2 weeks after stroke, characterized by vessel loss and formation, and selective stabilization of a subset of new vessels. This vascular structural plasticity was coincident with transient activation of transcriptional programs relevant for vascular remodeling, reestablishment of peri-infarct blood flow, and large improvements in motor performance. Local vascular plasticity was strongly predictive of restoration of blood flow, which was in turn predictive of behavioral recovery. These findings reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of vascular remodeling after stroke and demonstrate that a window of heightened vascular plasticity is coupled to the reestablishment of blood flow and behavioral recovery. Our findings support that neovascularization contributes to behavioral recovery after stroke by restoring blood flow to peri-infarct regions. These findings may inform strategies for enhancing recovery from stroke and other types of brain injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAn improved understanding of neural repair could inform strategies for enhancing recovery from stroke and other types of brain injury. Stroke causes remodeling of vasculature surrounding the lesion, but whether and how the process of vascular remodeling contributes to recovery of behavioral function have been unclear. Here we used longitudinalin vivoimaging to track vascular structure and blood flow in residual peri-infarct cortex after ischemic stroke in mice. We found that stroke created a restricted period of heightened vascular plasticity that was associated with restoration of blood flow, which was in turn predictive of recovery of motor function. Therefore, our findings support that vascular remodeling facilitates behavioral recovery after stroke by restoring blood flow to peri-infarct cortex.
Oral cavity and lip cancer in the world: An epidemiological review
Authors: Salehiniya Hamid , Raei Mehdi 
Published: September 2020

Background: One of the most common cancers is squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck which is a serious health challenge worldwide. Considering the importance of knowledge of incidence, death and risk factors in prevention programs, this study was conducted to investigate the incidence, mortality and risk factors for oral cavity and lip cancer in the world.
Methods: A search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus. The search keywords included: oral cavity or lip cancer, epidemiology, incidence, mortality, risk factors, and a combination of these terms. Studies that referred to epidemiological aspects of oral cavity and lip cancer epidemiology and risk factors were included in the review.
Results: The five countries with the highest number of cancer of the oral cavity and lip included India, the United States, China, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The standard incidence of these cancers in the world was 4 per 100,000 people (in men versus women, 5.5 and 2.5 per hundred thousand, respectively). The five countries with the highest number of deaths from oral cavity cancer were India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Russia. In 2012, the standardized death rate for this type of cancer was 1.9 per 100,000 people in the world (2.7 vs. 1.2 in every 100,000 of men vs. women, respectively). The most important risk factors for oral and lip cancer include tobacco smoke, alcohol drinking, viral infections, exposure to sunlight, and socioeconomic status.
Conclusion: In order to reduce the burden of this cancer, there are the strategies for preventing risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol control, and vaccination against HPV infection to prevent oral cancers. Also, early detection by screening high-risk populations for oral cancer as well as risk reduction through training programs for physician and patients are effective.
COVID-19: A UK Children’s Hospital Experience
Authors: Kanthimathinathan Hari Krishnan , Dhesi Amrit , Hartshorn Stuart , Ali Syed Habib , Kirk Jeremy , Nagakumar Prasad , Jyothish Deepthi 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Reports from China relating to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children indicate a milder disease course compared with adults. Although a few pediatric COVID-19 reports from other parts of the world exist, there are none from the United Kingdom. We describe the clinical characteristics of children with COVID-19 admitted to a specialist children’s hospital in United Kingdom.

METHODS:
Retrospective case-series of inpatients with a positive polymerase chain reaction test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, during a 6-week period from March 14 to April 24, 2020.

RESULTS:
Forty-five children tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 during the study period. Median (interquartile range) age was 3.5 (0.7–12) years, and 31 (69%) were male. Children with comorbidities constituted 64% (29 of 45) of the study population, including 44% (20 of 45) who were considered “extremely vulnerable.” Fever (67%) and cough (55%) were the most common symptoms. High C-reactive protein (&gt;10 mg/L) was observed in 68% (19 of 28). Lymphopenia (&lt;1.2 × 109/L) was observed in 23% (9 of 40) of children, but it was related to coexisting medical conditions in 6 children. Nine children required supplemental oxygen, two of whom received high-flow nasal cannula oxygen; one needed noninvasive ventilation and one child required invasive mechanical ventilation. Median length of stay of children with an admission outcome (n = 42, 93%) was 3 (2–7) days. There were no COVID-19–related deaths.

CONCLUSIONS:
COVID-19 had a relatively mild course of illness in majority of the hospitalized children that included a subgroup of vulnerable children with significant comorbidities. Confirmation of this in larger nationwide studies of children is required.
Time to Positive Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Cultures in Febrile Infants ≤60 Days of Age
Authors: Alpern Elizabeth R. , Kuppermann Nathan , Blumberg Stephen , Roosevelt Genie , Cruz Andrea T. , Nigrovic Lise E. , Browne Lorin R. , VanBuren John M. , Ramilo Octavio , Mahajan Prashant 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the time to positivity for bacterial pathogens and contaminants in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures in a cohort of febrile infants ≤60 days of age.

METHODS:
This was a secondary analysis of prospective observational multicenter study of noncritically ill infants ≤60 days of age with temperatures ≥38°C and blood cultures (December 2008 to May 2013). The main outcome was time to positivity for bacterial pathogens and contaminants.

RESULTS:
A total of 256 of 303 (84.49%) patients with positive blood cultures, and 73 of 88 (82.95%) with positive CSF cultures met inclusion criteria. Median time (interquartile range [IQR]) to positivity for blood cultures was 16.6 hours (IQR 12.6–21.9) for bacterial pathogens (n = 74) and 25.1 hours (IQR 19.8–33.0) for contaminants (n = 182); P &lt; .001. Time to bacterial pathogen positivity was similar in infants 0 to 28 days of age (15.8 hours [IQR 12.6–21.0]) and 29 to 60 days of age (17.2 [IQR 12.9–24.3]; P = .328). Median time to positivity for CSF was 14.0 hours (IQR 1.5–21.0) for bacterial pathogens (n = 22) and 40.5 hours (IQR 21.2–62.6) for contaminants (n = 51); P &lt; .001. A total of 82.4% (95% confidence interval, 71.8–90.3) and 81.8% (95% confidence interval, 59.7%–94.8%) of blood and CSF cultures showed bacterial pathogen positivity within 24 hours.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among febrile infants ≤60 days of age, time to blood and CSF positivity was significantly shorter for bacterial pathogens than contaminants. Most blood and CSF cultures for bacterial pathogens were positive within 24 hours. With our findings, there is potential to reduce duration of hospitalization and avoid unnecessary antibiotics.
The Parent Role in Advocating for a Deteriorating Child: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Brady Patrick W. , Giambra Barbara K. , Sherman Susan N. , Clohessy Caitlin , Loechtenfeldt Allison M. , Walsh Kathleen E. , Shah Samir S. , Lannon Carole 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Families of children with medical complexity are experts on their child’s baseline behavior and temperament and may recognize changes in their hospitalized child’s health before clinicians. Our objective was to develop a comprehensive understanding of how families identify and communicate their child’s deteriorating health with the hospital-based health care team.

METHODS:
In this qualitative study, our multidisciplinary team recruited family members of hospitalized children with neurologic impairment. Interviews, conducted in the hospital, were audio recorded, deidentified, and transcribed. By using inductive thematic analysis, each transcript was independently coded by 3 or 4 team members. Members met regularly to reach consensus on coding decisions. Patterns observed were organized into themes and subthemes.

RESULTS:
Participants included 28 family members of 26 hospitalized children 9 months to 17 years of age. Children had a mean of 9 hospitalizations in the previous 3 years. Analysis resulted in 6 themes. First, families often reported their child “writes his own book,” meaning the child’s illness narrative rarely conformed to textbooks. Second, families developed informal, learned pathways to navigate the inpatient system. Third, families stressed the importance of advocacy. Fourth, families self-identified as “not your typical parents” and discussed how they learned their roles as part of the care team. Fifth, medical culture often did not support partnership. Finally, families noted they are often “running on empty” from stress, fear, and lack of sleep.

CONCLUSIONS:
Families of children with medical complexity employ mature, experience-based pathways to identify deteriorating health. Existing communication structures in the hospital are poorly equipped to incorporate families’ expertise.
Federal Interference with State and Tribal Sports Betting Regulations Will Not Work: Where the Sports Wagering Integrity Act of 2018 Went Wrong and How Federal Legislation Might Be Effective
Authors: Harris Becky 
Published: September 2020

On Monday, May 14, 2018, the Supreme Court of the United States struck a fatal blow to the federal Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) when it determined PASPA violated the Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. Prior to the PASPA repeal, Nevada had been the only state in the United States (US) authorized to offer a full complement of legal sports betting options. Because, Nevada’s race books and sports pools have had the ability to offer wagers on sports since 1947, those legal sports betting operations were “grandfathered” into PASPA when it was passed by Congress in 1992. Having anticipated repeal as a possible outcome, four states passed laws making sports betting legal in case the Supreme Court ruled in New Jersey’s favor, and one state pre-emptively legalized sports betting through a ballot measure. With barriers removed by the PASPA repeal, state gambling regulators were able to grant licenses and adopt regulations. State legislatures were also able legalize sports wagering during their upcoming legislative sessions. And they did!
‘Standing’ Up for State Rights in Sports Betting
Authors: Rodenberg Ryan M. 
Published: September 2020

In Gov. Murphy, et al. v. Nat’l Collegiate Athletic Ass’n, et al., the Supreme Court resolved one sports betting-related federalism issue and teed up another. In deciding the constitutionality of the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (“PASPA”), the Supreme Court considered PASPA vis-à-vis the anti-commandeering doctrine embedded in the Tenth Amendment. The Supreme Court’s majority opinion, written by Justice Alito, concluded: “The PASPA provision at issue here—prohibiting state authorization of sports gambling—violates the anti-commandeering rule.” Justice Alito also foreshadowed the next federalism issue that will likely arise in the sports betting context: “Congress can regulate sports gambling directly, but if it elects not to do so, each State is free to act on its own.” Numerous states have accepted the Supreme Court’s invitation since its ruling was released on May 14, 2018. As of April 30, 2020, over a fifteen states have moved to enact sports betting laws, with dozens more considering legislation.
Measurement and Risk Assessment of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields around Transformers in a Working Place
Authors: ÖZDEN Semih , SIRAV ARAL Bahriye , CANSEVEN KURŞUN Ayşe Gülnihal , SEYHAN Nesrin 
Published: September 2020

Transformers present
the most common source of exposure to excessive extremely low frequency (ELF)
magnetic fields (MFs). A transformer is an
electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits
through electromagnetic induction. Nowadays the effects of
extremely low frequency electromagnetic (EM) fields on health have been
discussed frequently but there is few measurement studies performed around
various transformers for workers. In this
study, the leakage fields around transformers and enclosures site were measured in Ankara and evaluated
in terms of standards. It has been observed that people were exposed to ELF-MFs
above International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) cancer limits. Many
people reported health complaints such as being tired in most working hours,
immunological complaints, dizziness, some cancer cases are also observed there.
In these systems areas safe distances or areas for people should be realized
and precautions should therefore be
taken to minimize the fields exposed
Propuesta de investigación para el estudio sobre la adquisición de clasificadores en Lengua de Señas Peruana como segunda lengua
Authors: Marino Mateo C. 
Published: September 2020

El presente documento ofrece una propuesta esquemática de investigación acerca de la adquisición de los clasifi cadores en Lengua de Señas Peruana como segunda lengua por parte de niños y niñas oyentes. Para tal propósito, se propone en el proyecto analizar a cuarenta niños y niñas oyentes en contextos en los que se emplean la Lengua de Señas Peruana. El objetivo del estudio consistirá en dar cuenta del procesamiento de adquisición de los clasificadores verbales en la Lengua de Señas Peruana en niños y niñas oyentes. Se plantea como hipótesis tentativa que la secuencia de desarrollo de los clasificadores verbales en Lengua de Señas Peruana es la adquisición de (1) clasificadores verbales de un argumento y (2) clasificadores verbales de dos argumentos. Se propone esta secuencia debido al mayor grado de complejidad morfológica y configuración espacial que presenta (2).
Sobre el estudio de la gramática: nota de cierre del curso de Estructura del Lenguaje
Authors: Vera Amorós Jaime 
Published: September 2020

En este texto pretendo (i) recoger y analizar los objetivos de un curso de lingüística para estudiantes de la facultad de Estudios Generales Letras de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; (ii) ofrecer algunas ideas personales sobre la lingüística como disciplina; y (iii) sintetizar las ideas y conceptos más importantes del curso.
Late Medial Migration of Lag Screw After Gamma3 Nailing Threatening the Internal Iliac Vessels
Authors: Pawar Rajesh , Antapur Prasad 
Published: September 2020

Case:
A 77-year-old woman underwent Gamma3 Nail (Stryker) for an extracapsular fracture of the neck of femur on the left side. Eight months later, the lag screw had migrated medially into the pelvis and was in contact with the internal iliac vessels. After a multidisciplinary team meeting, embolization of the internal iliac artery was carried out prophylactically before the removal of screw and conversion to a total hip replacement.

Conclusion:
Although there are increasing number of case reports on late medial migration of lag screw, medial migration into pelvis with vascular complication is a very rare complication with 1 case report in the literature. The authors would like to make the orthopaedic community aware of this rare but potentially fatal complication and present the option for successful management.
A Detailed Clinical Course Leading to Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy After Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Matsumoto Tomiya , Yamashita Tomoya , Okuda Shinya , Maeno Takafumi , Nagamoto Yukitaka , Iwasaki Motoki 
Published: September 2020

Case:
A 48-year-old woman underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion at C5/6. Extubation was performed immediately after surgery. Tachycardia, limb tremor, and panic attack developed approximately 4 hours after surgery at 16:15. Thirty minutes later, cessation of respiration occurred at 16:50. An experienced anesthesiologist attempted intubation but was unsuccessful because of laryngopharyngeal edema at the C2 level. Finally, an otolaryngologist performed tracheotomy and secured the airway at 17:20 but hypoxic encephalopathy ensued.

Conclusion:
Predicting the airway obstruction caused by laryngopharyngeal edema was very difficult; hence, to prevent critical complications, systematic perioperative management is essential in anterior cervical spine surgery.
Decolorization of Phenol Red Dye by Immobilized Laccase in Chitosan Beads Using Laccase - Mediator - System Model
Authors: Taha Ali A. , Hameed Nahida J. , Rashid Farah H. 
Published: September 2020

This work describes the enhancement of phenol red decolorization through immobilizing of laccase in chitosan and enzyme recycling. Commercial laccase from white rot fungus, Trametesversicolor (Tvlac), was immobilizedin to freshly prepared chitosan beads by using glutaraldehyde as a cross linker. Characterization of prepared chitosan was confirmed by FTIR and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Tvlac (46.2 U/mL) immobilized into chitosan beads at 0.8 % glutaraldehyde (v/v) within 24 hrs. Synthetic (HBT) and natural (vanillin) mediators were used to enhance dye decolorizoation. It was found that 89 % of phenol red was decolorized by chitosan beads within 180 min. in the absence of enzyme and mediator, while decolorization percentage of the dye was completed (100%) at 120 min. when chitosan immobilizedlaccase was applied. Moreover, the decolorization was completed within 25 and 50 min. in the presence of chitosan immobilized laccase and of HBT or vanillin respectively. On the other hand, the recycling of chitosan immobilized laccase was still decolorize phenol red and continued up to ninth cycle to reach 70% of dye decolorization .
Natural Pigment –Poly Vinyl Alcohol Nano composites Thin Films for Solar Cell
Authors: Alesa Hanaa J. , Aldabbag Balqees M. , Salih Rana M. 
Published: September 2020

Solar cells thin films were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a thin film, with extract of natural pigment from local flower. A concentration of 0.1g/ml of polyvinyl alcohol solution in water was prepared for four samples, with various concentrations of plant pigment (0, 15, 25 and 50) % added to each of the four solutions separately for preparing (PVA with low concentrated dye , PVA with medium concentrated dye and PVA with high concentrated dye ) thin films respectively . Ultraviolet absorption regions were obtained by computerized UV-Visible (CECIL 2700). Optical properties including (absorbance, reflectance, absorption coefficient, energy gap and dielectric constant) via UV- Vis were tested, too. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer was employed to test the samples. Thermal analysis of thin films, including melting point (Tm), onset degree, endset degree, and crystallinity% were tested by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Three dimensional morphologies of thin films were inspected by atomic force microscopy (ATM). Contact angle also was tested as an index to hydrophilicity. Results proved that the ultraviolet and FTIR absorption increase after adding the natural pigment to PVA thin film, as well as it increases with increasing concentration of natural pigment. DSC analysis revealed an increase of PVA melting point when adding 15% concentration and it decreases with a 50% concentration of pigment. AFM results show an increase in surface roughness, hence the surface bearing index of PVA thin films is inversely proportional to pigment concentration. Contact angle decreases from 46.5° for pure PVA thin film to 44. 8°, 42. 6° and 35.2° after adding (15, 25, and 50)% concentration of natural dye respectively. Optical properties were enhanced by adding the natural dye, hence energy gap decreased from 3 eV for pure PVA to 2.3 eV for the PVA with a high concentrate dye. Dielectric constant increased with increasing concentration of dye, which leads to high polarization of solar cell.