bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of corundum within anorthite megacrysts from anorthositic amphibolites, Granulite Terrane, Southern India
Authors: Karmakar Shreya , Mukherjee Subham , Dutta Upama 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGrowth of corundum in metamorphosed anorthosites and related basic-ultra-basic rocks is an exceptional feature, and its origin remains elusive. We describe the occurrence of and offer an explanation for the genesis of corundum in anorthositic amphibolites from ~2.5 Ga old basement of the Granulite Terrane of Southern India (GTSI). The studied amphibolites from two localities, Manavadi (MvAm) and Ayyarmalai (AyAm), contain anorthite lenses (An90–99) with euhedral to elliptical outline set in a finer-grained matrix of calcic plagioclase (An85–90) and aluminous amphibole (pargasite-magnesiohastingsite). The lenses, interpreted as primary magmatic megacrysts, and the matrix are both recrystallized under static condition presumably during the regional high pressure (HP) metamorphism (~800 °C, 8–11 kbar) at ~2.45 Ga. Corundum occurs in the core of some of the recrystallized anorthite lenses (An95–99) in two modes: (1) Dominantly, it forms aggregates with magnetite (with rare inclusion of hercynite; in MvAm) or spinel (and occasionally hematite-ilmenite; in AyAm). The aggregates cut across the polygonal grain boundaries of the anorthite and contain inclusions of anorthite. (2) Corundum also occurs along the grain boundaries or at the triple junctions of the polygonal anorthite grains, where it forms euhedral tabular grains, sieved with inclusions of anorthite or forms skeletal rims around the recrystallized anorthite, such that it seems to be intergrown with anorthite. Combined petrological data and computed phase relations are consistent with growth of corundum in an open system during regional metamorphism in the presence of intergranular fluids. Two mechanisms are proposed to explain the formation of the corundum in the amphibolites: (1) corundum + magnetite/spinel aggregates formed dominantly by oxy-exsolution of pre-existing Al-Fe-Mg-(Ti)-spinel. This pre-existing spinel may be primary magmatic inclusions within the anorthite phenocrysts or could have formed due to reaction of primary magmatic inclusions of olivine with the host anorthite. Pseudosections of fO2-nH2O-T-P in the CaO–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O (CFMASH) system indicate that fO2 and H2O strongly influence the formation of corundum + amphibole from the initial magmatic assemblage of anorthite (phenocrysts) + spinel ± olivine (inclusions). (2) The corundum with anorthite presumably formed through desilification and decalcification of anorthite, as is indicated by computed phase relations in isobaric-isothermal chemical potential diagrams (µSiO2-µCaO) in parts of the CASH system. Growth of corundum in this mode is augmented by high activity of anorthite in plagioclase, high pressure, and low-to-medium temperature of metamorphism. This study thus presents a new viable mechanism for the origin of corundum in anorthositic amphibolites, and basic-ultra-basic rocks in general, which should provide new insight into lower crustal processes like high-pressure metamorphism.
Effects of an Antihypertensive Combination in Japanese Hypertensive Outpatients Based on the Long-acting Calcium Channel Blocker Benidipine on Vascular and Renal Events: A Sub-analysis of the COPE Trial
Authors: Umemoto Seiji , Ogihara Toshio , Matsuzaki Masunori , Rakugi Hiromi , Shimada Kazuyuki , Hayashi Koichi , Makino Hirofumi , Ohashi Yasuo , Saruta Takao 
Published: January 2020

Background:
In the trial known as COPE (Combination Therapy of Hypertension to
Prevent Cardiovascular Events), three benidipine (a Calcium Channel Blocker; CCB) regimens
were compared. Hypertensive Japanese outpatients aged 40–85 years (n=3,293) who did not
achieve the target blood pressure of <140/90 mmHg with benidipine 4 mg/day were treated with the
diuretic thiazide (n=1,094) or a β-blocker (n=1,089) or an additional Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
(ARB; n=1,110). A significantly higher incidence of hard cardiovascular composite endpoints and
of fatal or non-fatal strokes was observed in the benidipine-β-blocker group compared to the
benidipine-thiazide group.

Objective and Methods:
We further evaluated the treatment effects of the three benidipine-based
regimens on vascular and renal events in a sub-analysis of the COPE patients.

Results:
A total of 10 vascular events (0.8 per 1,000 person-years) including one aortic dissection
(0.1 per 1,000 person-years) and nine cases of peripheral artery disease (0.8 per 1,000 person-years)
were documented, as was a total of seven renal events (0.6 per 1,000 person-years). No significant
differences in vascular and renal events were revealed among the three treatment groups: vascular
events, p=0.92; renal events, p=0.16, log-rank test.

Conclusions:
Blood pressure-lowering therapy with benidipine combined with an ARB, β-blocker,
or thiazide was similarly effective in the prevention of vascular and renal events in hypertensive
outpatients, although there are not enough events to compare the difference in the three treatment
groups.
Chemical Composition and Bioactive Potential of Essential Oils from Banisteriopsis campestris
Authors: Rocha Edmilson de O. , Chang Roberto , do Nascimento Evandro A. , Martins Mário M. , de Morais Sérgio A.L. , de Aquino Francisco José T. , Cunha Luís C.S. , Silva Larissa de O. , Martins Carlos H.G. , Teixeira Thaise L. , da Silva Cláudio V. , Justino Allisson B. , Espindola Foued S. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Banisteriopsis campestris is a Malpighiaceae, also known as “cipó-prata” or
“murici”. There are some reports about the use of this plant in folk medicine.

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to test the Essential Oils (EOs) from leaves, stems, and roots of B.
campestris for antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and antiprotozoal activities and the inhibition of
glycation and cytotoxicity on Vero cells.

Methods:
The plant was collected and the essential oil was obtained and tested for antibacterial, antifungal,
antioxidant, and antiprotozoal activities and the inhibition of glycation and cytotoxicity on Vero
cells, using the more adequate methods to achieve the objectives.

Results:
The EOs inhibited the growth of aerobic and anaerobic oral bacteria. The root oil presented the
highest antibacterial activity with MIC levels ranging from 12.5 to 100 μg mL-1. The three EOs showed
antiprotozoal activity against Leishmania amazonensis. The stem and root EOs presented low cytotoxicity
to Vero cells. The roots and stem oils showed inhibition of glycation above 50%, with stem oil with
of 79.11%. The compounds identified in the leaf EOs were palmitic acid (22.98%), phytol (22.98%),
and triacontane (14.88%); in the stem–palmitic (49.79%), linoleic (11.63%), oleic (4.83%), and palmitoleic
(4.15%) fatty acids; in the root–palmitic acid (57.39%), linoleic (10.38%), and oleic acids
(5.47%).

Conclusions:
The results presented indicate that the EOs have remarkable antioxidant properties and
potential antimicrobial activity and confirm the essential oils of B. campestris as an alternative source of
medicinal substances.
Short-Term Effect of Hypergastrinemia Following Esomeprazole Treatment On Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study
Authors: Bozkuş Yusuf , Mousa Umut , İyidir Özlem T. , Kırnap Nazlı , Demir Canan Ç. , Nar Aslı , Tütüncü Neslihan B. 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs reduce gastric acid secretion and lead to an
increase in serum gastrin levels. Many preclinical and some clinical researches have established some
positive effects of gastrin or PPI therapy on glucose regulation. The aim of this study was to prospectively
investigate the short term effects of esomeprazole on glycaemic control in patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus. In addition, the presence of an association between this effect and gastrin levels was
evaluated.

Methods:
Thirty-two subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled and grouped as intervention
(n=16) and control (n=16). The participants in the intervention group were prescribed 40 mg of esomeprazole
treatment for three months. At the beginning of the study and at the 3rd month, HbA1c level
(%) and gastrin levels (pmol/L) of participants were assessed. Then, the groups were compared in
terms of their baseline and 3rd month values.

Results:
In the intervention group, the mean gastrin level increased significantly from 34.3±14.4
pmol/L to 87.4±43.6 pmol/L (p<0.001). The mean HbA1c level was similar to the pre-treatment level
(6.3±0.7% vs. 6.4±0.9%, p=0.441). There were no statistically significant differences in all parameters
of the control group. The majority of individuals were on metformin monotherapy (65.6 %). The subgroup
analysis of metformin monotherapy revealed that, in intervention group, there was a significant
increase in gastrin levels (39.9±12.6 vs. 95.5±52.5, p=0.026), but the HbA1c levels did not change
(6.0±0.4 % vs. 5.9±0.6 %, p=0.288); and in control group, gastrin levels did not change (37.5 ± 26.7
vs. 36.1 ±23.3, p=0.367), but there was an increase in HbA1c levels (6.1 ± 0.50 vs. 6.4 ± 0.60, p=0.01).

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrates that esomeprazole has no extra benefit for the controlled diabetic
patient in three months. However, in only the metformin-treated subgroup, esomeprazole may prevent
the rise in HbA1c level.
The Role of microRNA in Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Christou Chrysanthos D. , Tsoulfas Georgios 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:
Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R) injuries are caused by complex interrelated
mechanisms and pathways. Regarding the liver, I/R injuries and their clinical manifestations are crucial
for the surgical outcome. Despite its importance, there is no broadly accepted therapy either for
the prevention or for the management of I/R injury. I/R injury of the liver can occur either during hepatic
surgery (warm) or during the transplantation procedure (cold). MicroRNAs play a pivotal role
in the mechanism of I/R injury, as they regulate the expression of the cellular participants and humoral
factors associated with I/R injury.

Objective:
In this review, we highlight the microRNAs that are involved in the I/R injury of the liver,
and the molecular pathways that they regulate. In addition, we discuss the potential role of circulating
microRNAs as biomarkers and their role as pharmacological targets in the prevention, diagnosis and
treatment of I/R injuries.

Method:
We conducted a comprehensive review of the PubMed bibliographic database regarding
microRNAs and I/R injuries of the liver.

Results:
In diagnostics, microRNA panels could replace invasive diagnostic procedures, relieving
patients of the associated complications. In therapeutics, microRNAs, agomirs, antagomirs and other
drugs can be used to shift the balance between proapoptotic and survival pathways, to alleviate the
liver damage caused by I/R. In transplantation procedures, microRNA profiling could decrease the
incidence of early graft dysfunction, especially regarding marginal grafts.

Conclusion:
Although microRNAs seem a very promising clinical tool in the management of I/R injuries,
further research is required, until microRNAs become a novel tool in the diagnosis and monitoring
of an I/R injury of the liver.
Mining Effect of Temperature and Rainfall to Develop an Empirical Model for Wheat Yield Prediction
Authors: Attwal Kanwal P.S. , Dhiman Amardeep S. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Crop yield is affected by several agronomic factors such as soil type and
date of sowing, and meteorological factors such as temperature and rainfall. While the agronomic
factors are responsible for inter-region variations in yield, the year-wise yield variation in a particular
region may be attributed to meteorological factors. Various Data Mining Techniques can be applied
to analyse the effect of these factors on crop yield.

Objective:
To develop a model for prediction of Block-wise average wheat yield in Patiala district of Punjab, India.

Method:
Sampling is used for the collection of the yield data, and the data concerning temperature and rainfall is obtained from Indian Meteorological Department, Pune. The data is then pre-processed and analysed to study the effect of phase-wise average temperature and total rainfall on the wheat yield. The factors that are found to significantly affect yield are used for building a model for yield prediction.

Results:
It is found that the average temperature and the total rainfall for the whole wheat growing season are not much of help in explaining the variations in yearly wheat yield. The temperature and rainfall have different effects at different stages of plant growth and the yield is affected accordingly. It is inferred that that the average temperature and the total rainfall during the vegetative phase, and the grain development and ripening phase are the most important parameters for prediction of wheat yield.

Conclusion:
The stepwise selection mechanism is used to choose the variables whose inclusion explains
the maximum variance in yield. The model is evaluated based on different parameters and is
found to explain 95.6% of the yearly variations in yield.
Analisis Kesulitan Penguasaan Konsep Mahasiswa pada Topik Rotasi Benda Tegar Dan Momentum Sudut (halaman 34 s.d. 37)
Authors: Amnirullah Lalu 
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesulitan penguasaan konsep mahasiswa pada topik rotasi benda tegar dan momentum sudut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif eksploratif yaitu penggambaran keadaan suatu fenomena. Terdapat 8 indikator pembelajaran yang digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan dan mengeksplorasi kesulitan-kesulitan mahasiswa terhadap penguasaan konsep rotasi benda tegar dan momentum sudut. Kesulitan tersebut diketahui melalui tes penguasaan konsep yang diberikan setelah pembelajaran berlangsung. Penelitian ini melibatkan mahasiswa pendidikan fisika semester 1 yang mengambil mata kuliah fisika dasar 1. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan-kesalahan umum yang dilakukan oleh siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal konsep yang diberikan yaitu kesulitan tertinggi mahasiswa didapatkan pada hubungan kecepatan sudut dan torsi sedangkan penguasaan konsep yang baik didapatkan pada pembahasan momen inersia.
Pemodelan Anomali Gaya Berat Akibat Curah Hujan dan Dinamika Air Tanah di Daerah Semarang (Halaman 42 s.d. 44)
Authors: Pratyas Katrinavia Yatti , Setyawan Agus , - Supriyadi 
Published: January 2020

Pemodelan ke depan (forward modelling) anomali gaya berat telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan software Grav2DC untuk mengetahui respon anomali gaya berat akibat curah hujan dan dinamika air tanah di kota Semarang. Pemodelan dilakukan dengan pendekatan model perlapisan tanah dengan parameter ketebalan dan densitas berdasarkan sayatan peta geologi. Anomali gaya berat didapatkan dari selisih g pada periode pertama dan periode kedua. Anomali gaya berat akibat curah hujan merupakan selisih besarnya presipitasi pada periode pertama dan kedua. Berdasarkan hasil pemodelan kedepan yang dibuat dapat disimpulkan bahwa akibat dinamika air tanah dapat menghasilkan perubahan gayaberat (Δg) yang bernilai positif (+) jika terdapat kenaikan air tanah dan respon anomali gaya berat bernilai negatif (-) jika terjadi penurunan air tanah. Hasil anomali gaya berat akibat perbedaan curah hujan tiap tahun menyebabkan penurunan air tanah (Δh) sebesar 0,93 sampai 1,4 mm/tahun dengan anomali gaya berat sebesar –1,17 sampai –1,76 mGal.
Pembuatan Aplikasi Program Matlab untuk Menganalisa Sifat Lasing Kaca TZBN Yang Didadah Ion Nd3+ sebagai Bahan Material Host Laser (Halaman 97 s.d. 102)
Authors: Yuliastuti Ike , Rahmasari Lita , - Riyatun 
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat aplikasi program berbasis Matlab. Program Matlab ini digunakan untuk menganalisa sifat lasing kaca TZBN yang didadah ion Nd3+, dengan komposisi 60TeO2-(35-x)ZnO-2Bi2O3-3Na2O-xNd2O3( x = 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2 mol%). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pemodelan matematis dan analisis numerik. Program berbasis Matlab ini digunakan untuk menghitung parameter – parameter Judd Ofelt yang meliputi peluang transisi radiatif, peluang transisi radiatif total, radiatif lifetime dan branching ratio. Analisis perhitungan parameter – parameter Judd Ofelt menunjukkan kesalahan relatif rata-rata 1,156% terhadap perhitungan manual, sehingga program ini dapat digunakan untuk menganalisa sifat lasing kaca TZBN:Nd. Sifat lasing kaca TZBN:Nd yang ditunjukkan dari nilai probabilitas transisi dan branching ratio yang tertinggi pada level 4F3/2 à 4I11/2 dan tertinggi pada sampel K3 (x=0,5 mol%). Terdapat transisi dari level 4F3/2 à 4I15/2 yang bersesuaian dengan panjang gelombang 1380nm sehingga sampel kaca ini dapat digunakan sebagai material host laser pada jendela 1300 nm.
Sintesis Nanopartikel Manganese Ferrite (MnFe2O4) dengan Metode Kopresipitasi dan Karakterisasi Sifat Kemagnetannya (Halaman 1 s.d. 7)
Authors: Dewi Tawainella Rosita , Riana Yuni , Fatayati Rusliana , - Amelliya , Kato Takeshi , Iwata Satoshi , Suharyadi Edi 
Published: January 2020

Telah disintesis nanopartikel magnetit dengan berbagai ukuran butir yang berbeda yang berasal dari bahan MnSO4H2O dan FeCl3.6H2O dengan metode kopresipitasi dengan memvariasi parameter suhu dan konsentrasi NaOH. Struktur dan ukuran partikel hasil analisa X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) menunjukkan bahwa nanopartikel mengkristal dengan baik dan ada ketergantungan ukuran butir nanopartikel terhadap dua variasi parameter sintesis tersebut. Ukuran butir yang dihitung menggunakan persamaan Scherrer menunjukkan bahwa ukuran butir meningkat seiring peninggkatan suhu dan berkurangnya konsentrasi NaOH. Sifat kemagnetan MnFe2O4 hasil analisa Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Sampel dengan variasi konsentrasi NaOH, semakin kecil ukuran butir nanopartikel, medan koersivitasnya semakin rendah. Sementara untuk sampel dengan variasi suhu, semakin kecil ukuran butir, medan koersivitasnya semakin tinggi. Hasil VSM juga menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kristalinitas sampel, nilai magnetisasi saturasinya semakin tinggi. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ukuran butir dan kehadiran fasa pengotor hematit (α-Fe2O3) mempengaruhi sifat kemagnetan nanopartikel MnFe2O4.
Pengembangan Prototipe Sensor Elektromekanik Berbasis Prinsip Strain Gauge Menggunakan Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) (Halaman 14 s.d. 17)
Authors: Goldianto Octensi Hernowo Detiza , Triyana Kuwat 
Published: January 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan prototype sensor elektromekanik menggunakan polimer konduktif poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS). Sebelum melakukan fabrikasi dan karakterisasi sensor, pertama – tama dilakukan verifikasi homogenitas resistansi pada lapisan PEDOT:PSS yang dideposisikan pada substrat isolator. Pada kasus ini, uji homogenitas dilakukan pada 5 posisi berbeda di atas lapisan PEDOT:PSS. Fabrikasi sensor dilakukan pada PEDOT:PSS menggunakan metode drop-coating di atas substrat nitrile rubber. Hasil yang diperoleh pada resistivitas listrik relatif ternormalisasi dari sensor elektromekanik menunjukkan sifat linear terhadap strain sensor. Selain itu, resistivitas sensor dipengaruhi oleh perubahan suhu secara eksponensial pada rentang 30 - 80 °C.
Peningkatan Aktivitas Belajar dan Hasil Belajar Siswa dengan Metode Problem Based Learning pada Siswa Kelas VIIA MTs Negeri Donomulyo Kulon Progo Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013
Authors: - Widodo , Widayanti Lusi 
Published: January 2020

Hasil belajar siswa di MTs Donomulyo, Nanggulan, Kulonprogo masih rendah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya partisipasi aktif dan keterlibatan siswa selama proses pembelajaran. Guru perlu menerapkan metode pembelajaran yang dapat mendorong keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran. Metode problem based learning adalah salah satu metode yang dapat memenuhi harapan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah metode problem based learning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII A semester 1 MTs Donomulyo, Nanggulan, Kulonprogo Tahun 2012/2013. Metode pengumpulan data yang diguanakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode tes dan observasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan aktivitas siswa dan hasil belajar setelah menerima pembelajaran dengan metode PBL. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran berbasis masalah dapat meningkatkan kegiatan pembelajaran dan hasil belajar siswa.
Perbandingan Antara Multi Atribut Seismik Regresi Linier dan Multi Atribut Seismik Probabilistic Neural Network Untuk Estimasi Porositas Reservoir Batu Pasir Pada Lapangan Minyak Teapot Dome
Authors: Aziz Zulfani , Setiawan Ari 
Published: January 2020

Dalam eksplorasi minyak bumi, informasi tentang batuan di bawah permukaan bumi sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui zona reservoir target eksplorasi yang salah satunya adalah porositas batuan. Untuk mendapatkan informasi porositas batuan digunakan metode multiatribut seismik yang dapat mengestimasi porositas dari atribut-atribut seismik. Metode multiatribut seismik memiliki dua jenis yaitu regresi linier dan probabilistic neural network (PNN). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode multiatribut seismik mana yang memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dalam mengestimasi nilai porositas batu pasir di lapangan minyak Teapot Dome. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tiga atribut seismik yaitu atribut impedansi akustik, integrate, dan amplitude weighted frequency. Multiatribut seismik regresi linier menganggap hubungan ketiga atribut seismik dan porositas adalah linier sedangkan multiatribut seismik probabilistic neural network menganggap hubungannya non linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa metode multiatribut seismik regresi linier memberikan estimasi porositas dengan nilai korelasi 0,701 dan validasi 0,649, sedangkan metode multiatribut seismik probabilistic neural network memberikan estimasi porositas lebih baik dengan nilai korelasi 0,920 dan validasi 0,683. Hasil lain juga memperlihatkan bahwa bentuk kurva log porositas hasil estimasi probabilistic neural network lebih cocok dengan log porositas asli dibandingkan log porositas hasil estimasi regresi linier.