bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stream Temperature Modeling Using Functional Regression Models
Authors: Boudreault Jérémie , Bergeron Normand E. , St‐Hilaire André , Chebana Fateh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStream temperature is one of the most important environmental variables in lotic habitats as it has important and direct impacts on the ecosystem. Given the continuous nature of this variable, the aim of this paper was to introduce functional regression for the air‐stream temperature relation, being capable to model an entire seasonal or annual curve of temperatures as one entity, rather than multiple daily or weekly values in classical models. Three types of functional models were explored in the study and compared to two classical models (Generalized Additive Model and Logistic Model) for six rivers from the United States The results show the functional models have the best performance for all the considered rivers. When comparing functional models between them, one variant of the historical functional model performs better than the two other models and is the most parsimonious. Functional regression leads to encouraging results to model the complete annual stream temperature curve as one entity compared to other classical approaches.
Geographical variation in preventable hospital admissions for dental conditions: An Australia‐wide analysis
Authors: Crocombe Leonard A. , Allen Penny , Bettiol Silvana , Khan Shahrukh , Godwin Diana , Barnett Tony , Hoang Ha , Goldberg Lynette R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of hospital admissions for dental conditions, by Australian Statistical Geography Standard remoteness area for the 5 years 2010/2011 to 2014/2015.DesignRetrospective analysis of preventable hospital admissions due to dental conditions.SettingNational data set provided by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.ParticipantsEvery hospital admission for patients who were admitted for dental conditions over five financial years, from 2010/2011 to 2014/2015.Main outcome measuresThe number (and rate per 1000 population) of hospital admissions due to dental conditions in each Australian Statistical Geography Standard remoteness area (major city, inner regional, outer regional, remote and very remote).ResultsThere were 316 937 hospital admissions for dental conditions over the 5‐year period. The rate of potentially preventable dental hospital admissions ranged from an average of 2.5 per 1000 population in major cities to 3.2 in inner regional areas, 3.1 in outer regional areas, and 4.1 per 1000 in remote and very remote areas. The rate of admissions was highest among those aged 0‐14 years living in remote (9.0‐10.0 per 1000) and very remote (9.8‐12.5 per 1000) areas. Dental caries was the most common reason for admissions.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to address the social determinants of oral health in children aged 0‐14 years living in remote and very remote Australia. The delivery of mobile primary dental care services needs to be expanded in remote and very remote areas to prevent and treat dental caries.
Active surveillance in intermediate‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Klotz Laurence 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesActive surveillance (AS), now the standard of care for most men with favourable‐risk prostate cancer, is appealing for selected men with ‘favourable’ intermediate‐risk prostate cancer.MethodsThis is a review of the indications for conservative management in this population, the outcomes reported in prospective series, and the use of molecular biomarkers and imaging to identify optimal candidates.ResultsCandidates are those patients who are categorized as having intermediate‐risk disease either because of a prostate‐specific antigen level between 10 and 20 ng/mL, or by virtue of having Grade Group 2 disease, with a small percentage of Gleason 4 pattern, and a negative magnetic resonance imaging result or negative targeted biopsy of a region of interest. Confirmation with a favourable score on a tissue‐based genetic assay can provide further reassurance. A subset of patients with intermediate‐risk disease has indolent disease that may benefit from AS; at the same time, some patients with intermediate‐risk disease have an aggressive clinical course that requires early definitive therapy. This heterogeneity is not adequately captured with traditional histopathological staging. Clinical, genomic and radiological biomarkers are the key to appropriate risk stratification and patient selection.ConclusionsThe benefits of AS make it an appealing option for selected patients with intermediate‐risk disease.
Therapeutic targets in myeloma bone disease
Authors: Marino Silvia , Petrusca Daniela N. , Roodman G. David 
Published: October 2019

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological malignancy and is characterized by a clonal proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells within the bone marrow. MM is the most frequent cancer involving the skeleton, causing osteolytic lesions, bone pain and pathological fractures that dramatically decrease MM patients' quality of life and survival. MM bone disease (MBD) results from uncoupling of bone remodelling in which excessive bone resorption is not compensated by new bone formation, due to a persistent suppression of osteoblast activity. Current management of MBD includes antiresorptive agents, bisphosphonates and denosumab, that are only partially effective due to their inability to repair the existing lesions. Thus, research into agents that prevent bone destruction and more importantly repair existing lesions by inducing new bone formation is essential. This review discusses the mechanisms regulating the uncoupled bone remodelling in MM and summarizes current advances in the treatment of MBD.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on The molecular pharmacology of bone and cancer‐related bone diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.9/issuetoc
Exploring motivation crowding around farmer incentives for riparian management in Nova Scotia
Authors: Sherren Kate , Tourangeau Wesley , Lamarque Mhari , Greenland‐Smith Simon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIncentive programs to encourage landowners to protect habitat should be carefully designed to avoid motivation crowding: basically, replacing intrinsic reasons such as a land ethic with extrinsic ones like payments. Little research on motivation crowding tests real programs, and no such work has been done in Canada. We surveyed farmers in Nova Scotia in 2017 to explore whether participation in a new incentive program called Wood Turtle Strides, or knowledge about a similar incentive program potentially available in the future, would alter reported motivations to use riparian setbacks and buffers. Motivations to use setbacks or buffers were heavily intrinsic across all four survey cohorts: wildlife stewardship and sacrifice motivated actions more than social pressures. We were not able to statistically test for motivational crowding due to low program uptake and thus post‐program survey responses, but there was no evidence of second‐hand crowding: farmers being motivated by hearing about a program in an adjacent jurisdiction. Findings point to the significance of wildlife stewardship for many farmers, and persistent resistance to conservation among others, as well as a risk of low additionality. More post‐program research is necessary to fully understand the program's net impact on motivations and conservation.
MicroRNA‐338‐5p reverses chemoresistance and inhibits invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting Id‐1
Authors: Han Liang , Cui Di , Li Bin , Xu Wen Wen , Lam Alfred King Y. , Chan Kin Tak , Zhu Yun , Lee Nikki P.Y. , Law Simon Y.K. , Guan Xin Yuan , Qin Yan Ru , Chan Kwok Wah , Ma Stephanie , Tsao Sai Wah , Cheung Annie L.M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used to treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but acquisition of chemoresistance frequently occurs and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We found that microRNA (miR)‐338‐5p was underexpressed in ESCC cells with acquired 5‐FU chemoresistance. Forced expression of miR‐338‐5p in these cells resulted in downregulation of Id‐1, and restoration of both in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to 5‐FU treatment. The effects were abolished by reexpression of Id‐1. In contrast, miR‐338‐5p knockdown induced 5‐FU resistance in chemosensitive esophageal cell lines, and knockdown of both miR‐338‐5p and Id‐1 resensitized the cells to 5‐FU. In addition, miR‐338‐5p had suppressive effects on migration and invasion of ESCC cells. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed a direct interaction between miR‐338‐5p and the 3′‐UTR of Id‐1. We also found that miR‐338‐5p was significantly downregulated in tumor tissue and serum samples of patients with ESCC. Notably, low serum miR‐338‐5p expression level was associated with poorer survival and poor response to 5‐FU/cisplatin‐based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. In summary, we found that miR‐338‐5p can modulate 5‐FU chemoresistance and inhibit invasion‐related functions in ESCC by negatively regulating Id‐1, and that serum miR‐338‐5p could be a novel noninvasive prognostic and predictive biomarker in ESCC.
Cerebrospinal fluid and optic nerve sheath compartment syndrome: A common pathophysiological mechanism in five different cases?
Authors: Hao Jie , Pircher Achmed , Miller Neil R. , Hsieh Jiemei , Remonda Luca , Killer Hanspeter E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImportanceOptic nerve (ON) dysfunction is a common feature of different diseases. The pathophysiology is not yet fully understood.BackgroundThis study describes five patients with ON sheath (ONS) compartment syndrome (ONSCS) and contributes to the hypothesis that impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow can play a role in the development of ON dysfunction.DesignRetrospective case series.ParticipantsFive patients with ONSCS were included in the study.MethodsElaboration of medical histories and clinical and diagnostic findings over a long time period was carried out by analysing medical records and by a detailed medical consultation.Main Outcome MeasuresThe main outcome measures include clinical history; visual acuity; field, intraocular and CSF pressures; and contrast‐loaded computed tomographic (CT) cisternography.ResultsCompartmentation of the ONS demonstrated by contrast‐loaded CT cisternography was the consistent finding in all five patients who demonstrated findings of ON dysfunction. The aetiologies varied and included meningitis, papilloedema, sphenoid wing meningioma, disc herniation and normal‐tension glaucoma.Conclusion and RelevanceCompartmentation of the ONS with consecutively impaired CSF dynamics within the ON subarachnoid space can lead to ON dysfunction. Different aetiologies can cause the development of ONSCS.
New grading criterion for retinal haemorrhages in term newborns based on deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Mao Jianbo , Luo Yuhao , Chen Kun , Lao Jimeng , Chen Ling'an , Shao Yirun , Zhang Caiyun , Sun Mingzhai , Shen Lijun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo define a new quantitative grading criterion for retinal haemorrhages in term newborns based on the segmentation results of a deep convolutional neural network.MethodsWe constructed a dataset of 1543 retina images acquired from 847 term newborns, and developed a deep convolutional neural network to segment retinal haemorrhages, blood vessels and optic discs and locate the macular region. Based on the ratio of areas of retinal haemorrhage to optic disc, and the location of retinal haemorrhages relative to the macular region, we defined a new criterion to grade the degree of retinal haemorrhages in term newborns.ResultsThe F1 scores of the proposed network for segmenting retinal haemorrhages, blood vessels and optic discs were 0.84, 0.73 and 0.94, respectively. Compared with two commonly used retinal haemorrhage grading criteria, this new method is more accurate, objective and quantitative, with the relative location of the retinal haemorrhages to the macula as an important factor.ConclusionsBased on a deep convolutional neural network, we can segment retinal haemorrhages, blood vessels and optic disc with high accuracy. The proposed grading criterion considers not only the area of the haemorrhages but also the locations relative to the macular region. It provides a more objective and comprehensive evaluation criterion. The developed deep convolutional neural network offers an end‐to‐end solution that can assist doctors to grade retinal haemorrhages in term newborns.
Replicating group‐based education interventions for the management of type 2 diabetes: a review of intervention reporting
Authors: Odgers‐Jewell K. , Ball L. E. , Reidlinger D. P. , Isenring E. A. , Thomas R. , Kelly J. T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo assess the completeness of reporting of group‐based education interventions for the management of type 2 diabetes.MethodsA previous systematic review of group‐based education programmes for adults with type 2 diabetes identified eligible intervention studies. Data were extracted and assessed using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (‘TIDieR’) checklist. Missing data were sourced from other published material, or by contacting authors.ResultsFifty‐three publications describing 47 studies were included. No publications sufficiently described all items. Authors of 43 of the 47 included studies (91%) were contacted via e‐mail to obtain missing data in order to complete the TIDieR checklist. Seven (16%) did not respond. Additional data were obtained for 33/47 studies (70%). Most studies (45/47, 96%) described the intervention duration and frequency, detailed the procedures and rationale (40/47, 85%), provided a brief intervention name and explained any individual tailoring (38/47, 81%), defined whether providers received training and adequately described how the programme was delivered (37/47, 79%). However, few described any modifications (28/47, 60%), whether the intervention was delivered as planned (27/47, 57%), where it was delivered (21/47, 45%), whether materials were provided (19/47, 40%), and who delivered the intervention (13/47, 28%).ConclusionsGroup‐based education interventions for the management of type 2 diabetes are poorly reported. To translate effective research into practice, practitioners need sufficient detail to implement evidence‐based interventions. Researcher adoption of the TIDieR checklist will assist the translation and replication of published interventions.
Anti‐inflammatory and anti‐resorptive efficacy of adrenergic blockers on late replanted rat incisors
Authors: Matos Felipe de Souza , do Prado Renata Falchete , Khoury Rayana Duarte , de Oliveira Luciane Dias , Valera Marcia Carneiro , Tomson Phillip Leo , Carvalho Cláudio Antonio Talge 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground/AimIn addition to their anti‐inflammatory and anti‐osteoclastogenesis properties, adrenergic blockers may also have promising anti‐resorptive effects that can prevent root resorption when teeth are replanted because of avulsion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of phentolamine (Ph) and propranolol (Pr) in gels on the repair process of late replanted rat incisors. A further aim was to evaluate the biocompatibility of both drugs to human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs).Materials and methodsForty‐eight maxillary right incisors were extracted from male Wistar rats, stored in paper napkins for 60 minutes, and randomly allocated to one of eight groups (n = 6). The root canal, root surface, and alveolus were treated with 0.75 µg/mL Ph gel (Ph0.75), 10 µg/mL Ph gel (Ph10), 100 µg/mL Ph gel (Ph100), 2.5 µg/mL Pr gel (Pr2.5), 10 µg/mL Pr gel (Pr10), 100 µg/mL Pr gel (Pr100), or sodium carboxymethylcellulose gel (CMC) before replantation. In the control group (CH), only the root canal was treated with calcium hydroxide paste. Thirty days following surgery, the animals were euthanized, and the right hemimaxilla was removed to perform micro‐CT and histomorphometric analysis to determine osteoclastic activity. Ethanolic solutions of Ph10 and Pr10 were selected based on the in vivo study, and the viability of HPDLFs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide was determined by MTT assays.ResultsThe micro‐CT and histomorphometric analysis revealed no significant differences among the treatments (P > .05). The presence of active osteoclasts was significantly decreased in the Ph10 and Pr10 groups (P < .05). Ph10 and Pr10 produced statistically similar cell survival rates compared to the control group (P > .05).ConclusionsPh10 and Pr10 significantly decreased osteoclastogenesis in delayed replanted rat teeth and were not cytotoxic toward HPDLFs.
The Associations between Mothers’ and Grandmothers’ Depressive Symptoms, Parenting Stress, and Relationship with Children: An Actor–Partner Interdependence Mediation Model
Authors: Zou Xinzhuo , Lin Xiuyun , Jiang Yongqiang , Su Jinni , Qin Shaozheng , Han Zhuo Rachel 
Published: October 2019

Three‐generation households that include parents and grandparents raising children together have become increasingly common in China. This study examined the relations among depressive symptoms, parenting stress, and caregiver–child relationships in the mother–grandmother dyadic context. Participants were mothers and grandmothers from 136 three‐generation households. Results from Actor–Partner Interdependence Mediation Modeling indicated that mothers’ depressive symptoms were indirectly related to mother–child conflict/closeness through own parenting stress; grandmothers’ depressive symptoms were indirectly related to grandmother–child conflict through own parenting stress. Mothers’ depressive symptoms were indirectly related to grandmothers’ conflict with children through grandmothers’ parenting stress, and grandmothers’ depressive symptoms were indirectly related to mothers’ conflict/closeness with children through mothers’ parenting stress. The relation between mothers’ parenting stress and mother–child closeness was stronger than the relation between grandmothers’ parenting stress and grandmother–child closeness. Findings highlight the implications of using a family system perspective and the dyadic approach in understanding and improving family functioning in Chinese three‐generation households.
COX‐2/sEH dual inhibitor PTUPB alleviates bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via inhibiting senescence
Authors: Zhang Chen‐Yu , Duan Jia‐Xi , Yang Hui‐Hui , Sun Chen‐Chen , Zhong Wen‐Jing , Tao Jia‐Hao , Guan Xin‐Xin , Jiang Hui‐Ling , Hammock Bruce D. , Hwang Sung Hee , Zhou Yong , Guan Cha‐Xiang 
Published: October 2019

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a senescence‐associated disease with poor prognosis. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating the disease process. Mounting evidence suggests that arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of various fibrosis. However, the relationship between the metabolism of ARA and PF is still elusive. In this study, we observed a disorder in the cyclooxygenase‐2/cytochrome P450 (COX‐2/CYP) metabolism of ARA in the lungs of PF mice induced by bleomycin (BLM). Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of COX‐2/CYP‐derived ARA metabolic disorders in PF. PTUPB, a dual COX‐2 and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor, was used to restore the balance of COX‐2/CYP metabolism. sEH is an enzyme hydrolyzing epoxyeicosatrienoic acids derived from ARA by CYP. We found that PTUPB alleviated the pathological changes in lung tissue and collagen deposition, as well as reduced senescence marker molecules (p16Ink4a and p53‐p21Waf1/Cip1) in the lungs of mice treated by BLM. In vitro, we found that PTUPB pretreatment remarkably reduced the expression of senescence‐related molecules in the alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) induced by BLM. In conclusion, our study supports the notion that the COX‐2/CYP‐derived ARA metabolic disorders may be a potential therapeutic target for PF via inhibiting the cellular senescence in AECs.
A guide to assessing endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and stress in mammalian systems
Authors: Sicari Daria , Delaunay‐Moisan Agnès , Combettes Laurent , Chevet Eric , Igbaria Aeid 
Published: October 2019

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle that constitutes the entry into the secretory pathway. The ER contributes to the maintenance of cellular calcium homeostasis, lipid synthesis and productive secretory, and transmembrane protein folding. Physiological, chemical, and pathological factors that compromise ER homeostasis lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). To cope with this situation, cells activate an adaptive signaling pathway termed the unfolded protein response (UPR) that aims at restoring ER homeostasis. The UPR is transduced through post‐translational, translational, post‐transcriptional, and transcriptional mechanisms initiated by three ER‐resident sensors, inositol‐requiring protein 1α, activating transcription factor 6α, and PRKR‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase. Determining the in and out of ER homeostasis control and UPR activation still represents a challenge for the community. Hence, standardized criteria and methodologies need to be proposed for monitoring ER homeostasis and ER stress in different model systems. Here, we summarize the pathways that are activated during ER stress and provide approaches aimed at assess ER homeostasis and stress in vitro and in vivo mammalian systems that can be used by researchers to plan and interpret experiments. We recommend the use of multiple assays to verify ER stress because no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one.
The EuroSIDA study: 25 years of scientific achievements
Authors: Laut K , Kirk O , Rockstroh J , Phillips A , Ledergerber B , Gatell J , Gazzard B , Horban A , Karpov I , Losso M , d’Arminio Monforte A , Pedersen C , Ristola M , Reiss P , Scherrer AU , de Wit S , Aho I , Rasmussen LD , Svedhem V , Wandeler G , Pradier C , Chkhartishvili N , Matulionyte R , Oprea C , Kowalska JD , Begovac J , Miró JM , Guaraldi G , Paredes R , Raben D , Podlekareva D , Peters L , Lundgren JD , Mocroft A 
Published: October 2019

The EuroSIDA study was initiated in 1994 and follows adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) in 100 collaborating clinics across 35 countries covering all European regions, Israel and Argentina. The study aims to study the long‐term virological, immunological and clinical outcomes of PLHIV and to monitor temporal changes and regional differences in outcomes across Europe. Annually collected data include basic demographic characteristics, information on AIDS‐ and non‐AIDS‐related clinical events, and details about antiretroviral therapy (ART), hepatitis C treatment and other medications, in addition to a range of laboratory values. The summer 2016 data set held data from a total of 23 071 individuals contributing 174 481 person‐years of follow‐up, while EuroSIDA’s unique plasma repository held over 160 000 samples. Over the past 25 years, close to 300 articles have been published in peer‐reviewed journals (h‐index 52), covering a range of scientific focus areas, including monitoring of clinical and virological outcomes, ART uptake, efficacy and adverse events, the influence of hepatitis virus coinfection, variation in the quality of HIV care and management across settings and regions, and biomarker research. Recognizing that there remain unresolved issues in the clinical care and management of PLHIV in Europe, EuroSIDA was one of the cohorts to found The International Cohort Consortium of Infectious Disease (RESPOND) cohort consortium on infectious diseases in 2017. In celebration of the EuroSIDA study’s 25th anniversary, this article aims to summarize key scientific findings and outline current and future scientific focus areas.