bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transverse momentum and rapidity dependence of collective flow harmonics of protons and deuterons in Au + Au reactions at 1.23 AGeV
Authors: Hillmann Paula , Steinheimer Jan , Reichert Tom , Gaebel Vincent , Bleicher Marcus , Sombun Sukanya , Herold Christoph , Limphirat Ayut 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe explore the rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of collective flow harmonics of deuterons and protons in Au + Au reactions at a beam energy of 1.23 AGeV within the UrQMD approach. These investigations are of direct relevance for the high acceptance di electron spectrometer (HADES) experiment at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany, that has recently presented first data on the flow of light clusters in Au + Au collisions at 1.23 AGeV. To address the deuteron flow, UrQMD has been extended by a phase‐space coalescence approach. We find that this ansatz provides a very good description of the measured deuteron and proton flow data, if a hard equation of state is used for the simulation. The results show a strong impact of cluster formation on the observable collective flow and agree well with the data obtained by the HADES collaboration.
Transposable Elements Cross Kingdom Boundaries and Contribute to Inflammation and Ageing
Authors: Chalmers Timothy J. , Wu Lindsay E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe de‐repression of transposable elements (TEs) in mammalian genomes is thought to contribute to genome instability, inflammation, and ageing, yet is viewed as a cell‐autonomous event. In contrast to mammalian cells, prokaryotes constantly exchange genetic material through TEs, crossing both cell and species barriers, contributing to rapid microbial evolution and diversity in complex communities such as the mammalian gut. Here, it is proposed that TEs released from prokaryotes in the microbiome or from pathogenic infections regularly cross the kingdom barrier to the somatic cells of their eukaryotic hosts. It is proposed this horizontal transfer of TEs from microbe to host is a stochastic, ongoing catalyst of genome destabilization, resulting in structural and epigenetic variations, and activation of well‐evolved host defense mechanisms contributing to inflammation, senescence, and biological ageing. It is proposed that innate immunity pathways defend against the horizontal acquisition of microbial TEs, and that activation of this pathway during horizontal transposon transfer promotes chronic inflammation during ageing. Finally, it is suggested that horizontal acquisition of prokaryotic TEs into mammalian genomes has been masked and subsequently under‐reported due to flaws in current sequencing pipelines, and new strategies to uncover these events are proposed.
Estimating treatment effects with partially observed covariates using outcome regression with missing indicators
Authors: Blake Helen A. , Leyrat Clémence , Mansfield Kathryn E. , Tomlinson Laurie A. , Carpenter James , Williamson Elizabeth J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMissing data is a common issue in research using observational studies to investigate the effect of treatments on health outcomes. When missingness occurs only in the covariates, a simple approach is to use missing indicators to handle the partially observed covariates. The missing indicator approach has been criticized for giving biased results in outcome regression. However, recent papers have suggested that the missing indicator approach can provide unbiased results in propensity score analysis under certain assumptions. We consider assumptions under which the missing indicator approach can provide valid inferences, namely, (1) no unmeasured confounding within missingness patterns; either (2a) covariate values of patients with missing data were conditionally independent of treatment or (2b) these values were conditionally independent of outcome; and (3) the outcome model is correctly specified: specifically, the true outcome model does not include interactions between missing indicators and fully observed covariates. We prove that, under the assumptions above, the missing indicator approach with outcome regression can provide unbiased estimates of the average treatment effect. We use a simulation study to investigate the extent of bias in estimates of the treatment effect when the assumptions are violated and we illustrate our findings using data from electronic health records. In conclusion, the missing indicator approach can provide valid inferences for outcome regression, but the plausibility of its assumptions must first be considered carefully.
Condensation of heptaminol hydrochloride for its spectrofluorimetric determination in pure form and tablets: application in human plasma
Authors: Halim Monica E. , Omar Mahmoud A. , Nagy Dalia M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA sensitive, simple, accurate and less expensive fluorimetric method was designed and validated for analysis of heptaminol HCl in both its pure and dosage forms, as well as in human plasma. The main principle used in the proposed approach was the condensation reaction between heptaminol's primary amino moiety and ethyl acetoacetate/formaldehyde reagents, giving a derivative that was highly fluorescent at 416 nm after excitation at 350 nm. Various experimental parameters that affected either the product's development or its stability were evaluated and optimized. The constructed calibration curve was linear over the range 0.2–2 μg/ml, with a good correlation coefficient (0.9996). Both the calculated limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.06 and 0.18 μg/ml, respectively. The presented approach was a success when used to determine Corasore® tablets and was validated according to International Council for Harmonisation guidelines.
Thrombosis among 1537 patients with JAK2V617F‐mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms: Risk factors and development of a predictive model
Authors: Zhang Yuhui , Zhou Yuan , Wang Yingshao , Teng Guangshuai , Li Dapeng , Wang Yan , Du Chenxiao , Chen Yafang , Zhang Huiqin , Li Yanqi , Fu Lixia , Chen Kangyin , Bai Jie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo explore the risk factors of thrombosis in patients with JAK2V617F‐mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), a cohort of 1537 Chinese patients with JAK2V617F‐mutated MPN was retrospectively analyzed. The Kaplan‐Meier method and multivariate Cox analysis were used to study the risk factors of thrombosis in patients with JAK2V617F‐mutated MPN. Among the 1537 MPN patients, 931, 468, and 138 had polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), respectively. The median follow‐up time was 7 years (range 1‐47), and 12.8% of patients (197/1537) died during this period. A total of 16.8% (259/1399) of PV and ET patients had secondary myelofibrosis, and 2.5% (38/1537) of patients developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Thrombotic events occurred in 43.9% (675/1537) of patients, among which 91.4% (617/675) were arterial thrombosis and 16.6% (112/675) were venous thrombosis. The number of thrombotic events in PV, ET, and PMF patients was 439 (47.2%), 197 (42.1%) and 39 (28.2%), respectively. The multivariate analysis indicated that age ≥60 years old, HCT ≥48%, at least one cardiovascular risk factor, a history of thrombosis, and JAK2V617F allele burden (V617F%) ≥50% are risk factors for thrombosis in JAK2V617F‐mutated MPN. According to the results of the multivariate analysis, a risk model of thrombosis was established and comprised low‐risk (0 points), intermediate‐risk (1 points) and high‐risk (≥2 points) groups, among which the incidence of thrombosis was 9.1%, 33.7% and 72.9%. For elderly patients with JAK2V617F‐mutated MPN and a history of thrombosis, reducing the V617F%, controlling HCT and preventing cardiovascular risk factors are necessary measures to prevent thrombosis.
Meckel‐gruber syndrome: About an evocative case in French Guiana—When ultrasound is insufficient for accurate diagnosis in a complex syndrome
Authors: Leneuve‐Dorilas Malika , Ahounkeng Nanda Patrick , Deshayes Jean‐Luc 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn modern medicine, prenatal diagnosis can no longer be sufficient by ultrasound examination.The genetic technical progress and its contribution may remain a challenge in isolated sites with the consequences that this implies in perinatal health.
Novel word learning deficits in infants at family risk for dyslexia
Authors: Kalashnikova Marina , Goswami Usha , Burnham Denis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChildren of reading age diagnosed with dyslexia show deficits in reading and spelling skills, but early markers of later dyslexia are already present in infancy in auditory processing and phonological domains. Deficits in lexical development are not typically associated with dyslexia. Nevertheless, it is possible that early auditory/phonological deficits would have detrimental effects on the encoding and storage of novel lexical items. Word‐learning difficulties have been demonstrated in school‐aged dyslexic children using paired associate learning tasks, but earlier manifestations in infants who are at family risk for dyslexia have not been investigated. This study assessed novel word learning in 19‐month‐old infants at risk for dyslexia (by virtue of having one dyslexic parent) and infants not at risk for any developmental disorder. Infants completed a word‐learning task that required them to map two novel words to their corresponding novel referents. Not at‐risk infants showed increased looking time to the novel referents at test compared with at‐risk infants. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that at‐risk infants show differences in novel word‐learning (fast‐mapping) tasks compared with not at‐risk infants. Our findings have implications for the development and consolidation of early lexical and phonological skills in infants at family risk of later dyslexia.
Minimizing moving distance in deposition behavior of the subterranean termite
Authors: Lee Sang‐Bin , Su Nan‐Yao , Song Hark‐Soo , Lee Sang‐Hee 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSubterranean termite nests are located underground and termites forage out by constructing tunnels to reach food resources, and tunneling behavior is critical in order to maximize the foraging efficiency. Excavation, transportation, and deposition behavior are involved in the tunneling, and termites have to move back and forth to do this. Although there are three sequential behaviors, excavation has been the focus of most previous studies. In this study, we investigated the deposition behavior of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, in experimental arenas having different widths (2, 3, and 4 mm), and characterized the function of deposited particles. We also simulated moving distance of the termites in different functions. Our results showed that total amounts of deposited particles were significantly higher in broad (4 mm width) than narrow (2 mm) tunnels and most deposited particles were observed near the tip of the tunnel regardless of tunnel widths. In addition, we found that deposited particles followed a quadratic decrease function, and simulation results showed that moving distance of termites in this function was the shortest. The quadratic decrease function of deposited particles in both experiment and simulation suggested that short moving distance in the decrease quadratic function is a strategy to minimize moving distance during the deposition behavior.
Relationship between B‐type natriuretic peptide and invasive haemodynamics in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Maeder Micha T. , Weber Lukas , Ammann Peter , Buser Marc , Ehl Niklas F. , Gerhard Marc , Brenner Roman , Haager Philipp K. , Maisano Francesco , Rickli Hans 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsIn patients with aortic stenosis (AS), B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a prognostic marker. However, there is little information on the association between BNP and invasive haemodynamics in AS. The aim of the present study was to assess the hitherto not well‐defined relationship between BNP and invasive haemodynamics in patients with severe AS undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) with a view to understand the link between high BNP and poor prognosis in these patients. In particular, we were interested in the association between BNP and combined pre‐capillary and post‐capillary pulmonary hypertension (CpcPH).Methods and resultsBNP was measured in 252 patients (age 74 ± 10 years, 58% male patients) with severe AS [indexed aortic valve area 0.4 ± 0.1 cm2/m2 and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 57 ± 12%] the day before cardiac catheterization. Patients were followed for a median (interquartile range) period of 3.1 (2.3–4.3) years after surgical (n = 157) or transcatheter (n = 95) AVR. The prevalence of CpcPH (mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mmHg, mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure > 15 mmHg, and pulmonary vascular resistance > 3 Wood units) was 13%. The median BNP plasma concentration was 188 (78–452) ng/L. The indexed aortic valve area was similar across BNP quartiles (P = 0.21). Independent predictors of higher BNP (ln transformed) included lower haemoglobin (beta = −0.18; P < 0.001), lower LVEF (beta = −0.20; P < 0.001), more severe mitral regurgitation (beta = 0.20; P < 0.001), higher mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (beta = −0.37; P < 0.001), and higher pulmonary vascular resistance (beta = 0.21; P < 0.001). In a multivariate model with CpcPH rather than its haemodynamic components, CpcPH was independently associated with higher BNP (0.21; P < 0.001). Higher ln BNP was associated with higher mortality [hazard ratio 1.90 (95% confidence interval 1.33–2.71); P < 0.001] in the univariate analysis. Patients in the third and fourth BNP quartiles had a more than six‐fold risk of death compared with patients in the first and second quartiles [hazard ratio 6.29 (95% confidence interval 1.86–21.27); P = 0.003]. In the multivariate analysis, lower LVEF [hazard ratio 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.94–0.99) per 1% increase; P = 0.01] and CpcPH [hazard ratio 4.58 (95% confidence interval 1.89–11.09); P = 0.001] but not BNP were independently associated with mortality. The areas under the receiver operator characteristics curve for BNP for the prediction of CpcPH and mortality were 0.88 and 0.74, respectively.ConclusionsIn patients with severe AS, higher BNP is a marker of the presence of CpcPH and its contributors. The association between BNP and such an adverse haemodynamic profile at least in part explains the ability of BNP to predict long‐term post‐AVR mortality.
Prescription patterns of diabetes medications influencing clinical outcomes of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Chang Hung‐Yu , Su Yu‐Wen , Feng An‐Ning , Fong Man‐Cai , Huang Kuan‐Chih , Chong Eric , Chen Kuan‐Chun , Yin Wei‐Hsian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsWe collected the different prescription patterns of diabetes medications in a cohort of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and analysed the impact of different prescription patterns on clinical outcomes.Methods and resultsConsecutive diabetic patients with HFrEF from a heart failure referral centre were retrospectively analysed between 2015 and 2016. Exclusion criteria include being lost to follow‐up, not receiving diabetes medications, and having severe renal impairment with a glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Prescription of diabetes medications and the respective clinical outcomes were collected between 2016 and 2018. Among 381 patients (mean age, 64.8 ± 12.8 years; 71.9% male; mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 27.6 ± 7.0%; mean body mass index, 26.1 ± 4.7 kg/m2), the prescription rates of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) increased from 10.3% in 2016 to 17.6% in 2017 and 26.5% in 2018 (P < 0.001); the prescription rates of metformin, sulfonylurea, insulin, and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors did not change significantly over time. The prescription rates of metformin and SGLT2i were significantly higher in patients managed by cardiologists than non‐cardiologists (in 2018, 71.1% vs. 44.2% for metformin, 45.4% vs. 9.9% for SGLT2i, both P < 0.001). During the study period, annualized event rates of cardiovascular death or first unplanned HF hospitalization were 19.0 per 100 patient‐years. After a multivariate analysis, prescriptions of metformin {odds ratio (OR): 0.49 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27–0.51], P < 0.001} and SGLT2i [OR: 0.52 (95% CI 0.28–0.98), P = 0.042] were independently associated with lower annualized event rates of cardiovascular death or unplanned HF hospitalization.ConclusionsPrescription patterns of diabetes medications in diabetics with HFrEF were diverse among different specialists. Prescriptions of metformin and SGLT2i were associated with favourable clinical outcomes. Our finding indicates the importance of awareness of beneficial effect of different classes of diabetes medications and collaboration between specialists in the management of diabetic HFrEF patients.
Anomalous diffusion in an electrolyte saturated paper matrix
Authors: Das Sankha Shuvra , Kumar Sumeet , Ghosal Sambuddha , Ghosal Sandip , Chakraborty Suman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDiffusion of colored dye on water saturated paper substrates has been traditionally exploited with great skill by renowned water color artists. The same physics finds more recent practical applications in paper‐based diagnostic devices deploying chemicals that react with a bodily fluid yielding colorimetric signals for disease detection. During spontaneous imbibition through the tortuous pathways of a porous electrolyte saturated paper matrix, a dye molecule undergoes diffusion in a complex network of pores. The advancing front forms a strongly correlated interface that propagates diffusively but with an enhanced effective diffusivity. We measure this effective diffusivity and show that it is several orders of magnitude greater than the free solution diffusivity and has a significant dependence on the solution pH and salt concentration in the background electrolyte. We attribute this to electrically mediated interfacial interactions between the ionic species in the liquid dye and spontaneous surface charges developed at porous interfaces, and introduce a simple theory to explain this phenomenon.
Bottom‐up proteomics of envelope proteins extracted from spinach chloroplast via high organic content CE‐MS
Authors: Cheng Jianhui , Morin Gregg B. , Chen David D. Y. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA high organic content CE‐MS/MS (HOCE‐MS/MS) method was developed for the proteomic analysis of envelope proteins extracted from spinach leaves. Separation was performed in a 1‐m long hydroxypropyl cellulose coated capillary, using 8% (v/v) formic acid in 70% (v/v) methanol and 22% water as the BGE. A flow‐through microvial interface was used to couple the CE system with an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer, and field‐amplified sample stacking was used to improve the concentration sensitivity. Using this optimized method, 3579 peptides and 1141 proteins were identified using the Proteome Discoverer software with a 1% false discovery rate at the protein level. Relative to conventional aqueous CE, HOCE‐MS did a better job of discovering hydrophobic peptides and provided more peptide and protein identifications. Relative to nano‐LC‐MS, it achieved comparable peptide and protein identification performance and detected peptides not identified by LC‐MS: of the full set of peptides identified using the two techniques, 19% were identified only using HOCE‐MS. It also outperformed nano‐LC‐MS with respect to the detection of low molecular weight peptides.
Pushover‐based seismic risk assessment and loss estimation of masonry buildings
Authors: Snoj Jure , Dolšek Matjaž 
Published: January 2020

SummaryA pushover‐based seismic risk assessment and loss estimation methodology for masonry buildings is introduced. It enables estimation of loss by various performance measures such as the probability of exceeding a designated economic loss, the expected annual loss, and the expected loss given a seismic intensity. The methodology enables the estimation of the economic loss directly from the results of structural analysis, which combines pushover analysis and incremental dynamic analysis of an equivalent SDOF model. The use of the methodology is demonstrated by means of two variants of a three‐storey masonry building both of which have the same geometry, but they are built, respectively, from hollow clay masonry (model H) and solid brick masonry (model S). The probability of collapse given the selected design earthquake corresponding to a return period of 475 years was found to be negligible for model H, which indicates the proper behaviour of such a structure when designed according to the current building codes. However, the corresponding probability of collapse of model S was very high (46%). The expected total loss given the design earthquake was estimated to amount to 28 000 € and 290 000 €, respectively, for models H and S. The expected annual loss per 100 m2 of gross floor area was estimated to amount to 75 € and 191 €, respectively, for models H and S. For the presented examples, it was also observed that nonstructural elements contributed more than 50% of the total loss.
A morphologic and molecular reappraisal of myoepithelial tumors of soft tissue, bone, and viscera with EWSR1 and FUS gene rearrangements
Authors: Suurmeijer Albert J. H. , Dickson Brendan C. , Swanson David , Zhang Lei , Sung Yun‐Shao , Fletcher Christopher D. , Antonescu Cristina R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMyoepithelial tumors (MET) represent a clinicopathologically heterogeneous group of tumors, ranging from benign to highly aggressive lesions. Although MET arising in soft tissue, bone, or viscera share morphologic and immunophenotypic overlap with their salivary gland and cutaneous counterparts, there is still controversy regarding their genetic relationship. Half of MET of soft tissue and bone harbor EWSR1 or FUS related fusions, while MET arising in the salivary gland and skin often show PLAG1 and HMGA2 gene rearrangements. Regardless of the site of origin, the gold standard in diagnosing a MET relies on demonstrating its “myoepithelial immunophenotype” of positivity for EMA/CK and S100 protein or GFAP. However, the morphologic spectrum of MET in soft tissue and bone is quite broad and the above immunoprofile is nonspecific, being shared by other pathogenetically unrelated neoplasms. Moreover, rare MET lack a diagnostic immunoprofile but shows instead the characteristic gene fusions. In this study, we analyzed a large cohort of 66 MET with EWSR1 and FUS gene rearrangements spanning various clinical presentations, to better define their morphologic spectrum and establish relevant pathologic‐molecular correlations. Genetic analysis was carried out by FISH for EWSR1/FUS rearrangements and potential partners, and/or by targeted RNA sequencing. Then, 82% showed EWSR1 rearrangement, while 18% had FUS abnormalities. EWSR1‐POU5F1 occurred with predilection in malignant MET in children and young adults and these tumors had nested epithelioid morphology and clear cytoplasm. In contrast, EWSR1/FUS‐PBX1/3 fusions were associated with benign and sclerotic spindle cell morphology. Tumors with EWSR1‐KLF17 showed chordoma‐like morphology. Our results demonstrate striking morphologic‐molecular correlations in MET of bone, soft tissue and viscera, which might have implications in their clinical behavior.