bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Biodegradable Shape Memory Polymers for Tissue Repair
Authors: Ramaraju Harsha , Akman Ryan E. , Safranski David L. , Hollister Scott J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractShape memory materials, specifically nickel–titanium alloys, are used in a number of minimally invasive clinical procedures demonstrating significant improvements in clinical outcomes and standard of care compared to open procedures. However, concerns regarding erosion events, device failure, and consequent morbidities are driving interest in tissue engineering approaches which support or stimulate the patient's own tissue regenerative processes to repair and regenerate tissues. Growing interest in addressing these challenges using minimally invasive procedures is driving the rapid advancement of a new class of materials; biodegradable shape memory polymers (SMPs). These biodegradable SMPs are designed for compaction and delivery through keyhole incisions, expansion when they reach the target tissue, maintenance of mechanical continuity with surrounding tissues upon implantation, attachment of regenerative cells driving tissue growth and infiltration, and degradation into nontoxic byproducts. Polyesters are predominantly used in the design of these SMPs to impart biodegradability through hydrolysis. Use of homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers, block‐copolymers, and interpenetrating networks has given rise to a range of SMPs spanning applications from endovascular to bone defect repair. Translating these materials to the clinic and applying these materials toward patient specific design can advance the current standard of care across various clinical disciplines.
Stepwise Hollow Prussian Blue Nanoframes/Carbon Nanotubes Composite Film as Ultrahigh Rate Sodium Ion Cathode
Authors: Wan Ping , Xie Hui , Zhang Nan , Zhu Shuang , Wang Changda , Yu Zhen , Chu Wangsheng , Song Li , Wei Shiqiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrussian blue and its analogues (PBAs) have been proposed as promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to high theoretical capacity and low cost, but they often suffer from poor electronic conductivity and structural instability. Herein, a stepwise hollow cubic framework structure is first designed and a hybridized hierarchical film synthesized from single‐crystal PBA nanoframes/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite is demonstrated as a binder‐free ultrahigh rate sodium ion cathode. This hierarchical configuration offers improved tolerance for lattice expansion, reduced sodium ion diffusion path, enhanced electronic conductivity, and optimized redox reactions, thereby achieving the excellent rate capability, high specific capacity, and long cycle life. As expected, the developed FeHCFe nanoframes/CNTs electrode film exhibits a super high rate capacity of 149.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and 35.0 mAh g−1 at 100C. Moreover, it displays an excellent cycling stability with about 92% capacity retention at 5C after 500 cycles. This work will pave a new way to engineer advanced electrode materials for ultrahigh rate SIBs.
Mechanical Modulation of Colossal Magnetoresistance in Flexible Epitaxial Perovskite Manganite
Authors: Yen Min , Lai Yu‐Hong , Kuo Chang‐Yang , Chen Chien‐Te , Chang Chun‐Fu , Chu Ying‐Hao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHeteroepitaxially flexible oxide systems have been intensely developed and considered as the most promising materials for leading the creation of next‐generation flexible electronic devices. Among them, perovskite manganites have attracted significant attention with their abundant and novel properties such as colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) and metal‐insulator transition. However, the requirement of high quality samples hampers this field, not to mention the advanced nanoengineering. In this study, fluorophlogopite mica (F‐mica) is selected as a flexible substrate to fabricate heteroepitaxial Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (PCMO) with a nanocolumn structure. Through a precise control of thickness, different morphologies are realized to manipulate the magnetotransport properties (reduction of melting field). Moreover, thanks to the excellent flexibility of F‐mica, mechanical modulation of CMR (≈1000%) can be achieved in different flex modes while the magnetic properties remain unaffected. Detailed bending tests are performed to study the behavior of resistive change (≈30%). Through the combination of high flexibility, high quality PCMO, and well‐designed nanocolumn structure, the study exhibits the significant controllability of CMR via mechanical bending, and manifests the potential of such a heteroepitaxially flexible oxide system which can be applied on flexible magnetoresistive devices and sensors.
High‐Performance Phosphorene‐Based Transistors Using a Novel Exfoliation‐Free Direct Crystallization on Silicon Substrates
Authors: Rajabali Mona , Esfandiari Mehrnaz , Rajabali Shima , Vakili‐Tabatabaei Mojdeh , Mohajerzadeh Shokatollah , Mohajerzadeh Shams 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhosphorene is one of the most promising elemental 2D materials. So far, mechanical exfoliation is the main route toward the formation of phosphorene sheets. Although field‐effect transistors are realized on phosphorene, their arrangement and size are dictated by the randomness of the exfoliation and transfer methods. Here, the evolution of highly crystalline and large‐area phosphorene sheets with a laser‐assisted phase transition from red phosphorus directly on silicon substrates in desired locations is reported. The original red phosphorus can be patterned prior to laser‐assisted crystallization to achieve the desired shape, location, and layer thickness (either mono or few). A 1064 nm laser is employed as the source to impart energy onto the red phosphorus layer and to achieve allotrope transformation. A combination of argon–oxygen (Ar:O2) and helium–hydrogen (He:H2) gases is exploited in a sequential manner to lead to phosphorene sheets. Various techniques are used to examine the physical properties of phosphorene sheets. Field‐effect transistors are made at different phases of crystallization and a high field‐effect mobility of 1450 cm2 V−1 s−1 and on/off ratio of 103 are achieved. Moreover, the optoelectrical characteristics of the phosphorene‐based phototransistors under different illumination powers and back‐gate voltages are investigated, showing superior performance.
Observation of Binary Spectral Jumps in Color Centers in Diamond
Authors: Mu Zhao , Zhou Yu , Chen Disheng , Fröch Johannes E. , Yang Jianqun , Li Xingji , Aharonovich Igor , Gao Wei‐Bo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOptical “blinking” normally refers to a switching behavior of fluorescence for quantum emissions between “ON” and “OFF” state. For quantum dots, single molecules, and nitrogen‐vacancy centers in diamond, it usually stems from conversions between two different charge states, with one emitting strong and bright fluorescence while the other scattering weak or no fluorescence. Here, a different type of blinking from single emitters in ion implanted diamond is reported, with both blinking states exhibiting detectable photoluminescence under nonresonant excitation. Thanks to the low jumping rates, the dynamics of the emission can be directly monitored. The quadratic power dependence of the conversion rates suggests the possibility of two‐photon ionization process in quantum jumps. This work provides extra insights into the photodynamics of the spectral jumps on defect‐based single‐photon emitters hosted in wide‐bandgap semiconductors.
Rhodium‐Catalysed Asymmetric Synthesis of 4‐Alkyl‐4H‐Chromenes
Authors: Chang Zhiqian , Yao Jian , Dou Xiaowei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA general method for the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 4‐alkyl‐4H‐chromenes was developed. With readily available β‐alkyl‐substituted enones and 2‐hydroxylated arylboronic acids, a rhodium‐catalysed asymmetric conjugate addition/intramolecular hemi‐acetalization/acid‐promoted dehydration sequence leads to the formation of 4‐alkyl‐4H‐chromenes in up to 99% yield and with up to >99% ee. The current study remedies the methodological deficiency in asymmetric synthesis of 4‐alkyl‐4H‐chromenes.magnified image
Experimental Estimate of the Holstein Electron–Phonon Coupling Constants in Perylene
Authors: Masino Matteo , Salzillo Tommaso , Brillante Aldo , Della Valle Raffaele G. , Venuti Elisabetta , Girlando Alberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA careful analysis of the vibrational spectra of two isostructural charge transfer systems with potential applications in optoelectronics, (perylene)3‐(TCNQF4)2, and (perylene)3‐(TCNQF2)2, highlights the presence of three strong infrared bands, polarized along the (perylene‐TCNQFx‐perylene) trimeric units present in the crystal. These bands are recognized as due to the Holstein, or electron–molecular vibration (e–mv) interaction. Use of appropriate modeling, based on the analysis of the frequency shifts due to the e–mv coupling, allows to extract the relevant Holstein coupling constants for the HOMO of the perylene molecule. The so‐obtained experimental values agree very well with density functional calculations, thus validating the results. The perylene relaxation energy, or small polaron binding energy, is about 70 meV, of the same order of magnitude as that of pentacene.
InGaZnO Tunnel and Junction Transistors Based on Vertically Stacked Black Phosphorus/InGaZnO Heterojunctions
Authors: Bi Jiahe , Zou Xuming , Lv Yawei , Li Guoli , Liu Xingqiang , Liu Yuan , Yu Ting , Yang Zhenyu , Liao Lei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe rapid development of mobile and internet‐of‐thing devices demands continuous scaling of metal–insulator–semiconductor field‐effect transistors for high‐resolution and low‐power displays. However, such technology is limited by inadequate scaling of supply voltage and sophisticated dielectric engineering. Here, to enable continued scaling, indium–gallium–zinc‐oxide (InGaZnO) tunnel field‐effect transistor (TFET) and junction field‐effect transistor (JFET) are designed and fabricated based on vertically stacked black phosphorus (BP)/InGaZnO van der Waals heterojunctions. By varying BP thickness, BP/InGaZnO heterojunctions can be operated as forward rectifying diode, Zener diode, and backward rectifying diode, respectively. Room‐temperature negative‐differential‐resistance behavior with large peak‐to‐valley ratio of 2.1 and high tunneling current density of 160 mA mm−2 is obtained in thick‐BP/InGaZnO heterojunction. On this basis, sub‐thermionic subthreshold swing (SS) of 11 mV dec−1 is achieved in InGaZnO TFET. Meanwhile, the InGaZnO JFET based on thin‐BP/InGaZnO heterostructure exhibits good transistor performance of on/off ratio exceeding 105, high field‐effect mobility of 23.5 cm2 V s−1, negligible hysteresis, and improved SS of 83 mV dec−1. The BP/InGaZnO heterojunction is possibly the only device architecture so far to realize the amorphous metal‐oxide‐semiconductors TFET and JFET, thus providing promising pathways for further thin‐film transistor technology.
Resonant Tunneling and Negative Differential Resistance in Black Phosphorus Vertical Heterostructures
Authors: Xu Kai , Wynne Eric , Zhu Wenjuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResonant tunneling diodes with negative differential resistance (NDR) have attracted significant attention due to their unique quantum resonant tunneling phenomena and potential applications in terahertz emission/detection and high‐density logic/memory. In this paper, resonant tunneling devices, where the carriers tunnel through a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) barrier sandwiched by two black phosphorus (BP) layers, are explored. The resonance occurs when the energy bands of the two black phosphorus layers are aligned. The conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) measurements reveal prominent NDR peaks with large peak‐to‐valley ratios at room temperature. It is found that the positions of the NDR peaks are very sensitive to the amplitude and the shape of the voltage waveform used in CAFM, which can be explained by the charge trapping effect. Furthermore, resonant tunneling transistors are demonstrated based on BP/hBN/BP stacks in which the locations of the NDR peaks are tunable by the electrostatic gating. As compared to the traditional tunneling diodes based on bulk materials, the tunneling devices based on thin boron nitride tunneling barrier and high mobility black phosphorus offer ultra‐high‐speed response. This feature, together with the NDR characteristics, provides the potential for applications in THz oscillators and multi‐value logic devices.
No‐tillage increased corn yields and carbon sequestration
Authors: Chen Tianyu , Zhang Yifei , Fu Jian , Yang Li , Chi Yuxin , Wu Peng , Yin Xuewei , Wang Huaipeng , Yang Kejun , Wang Yufeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChanges in agricultural management can potentially change the rate of C sequestration. The rain‐fed agricultural areas of the Songnen Plain are China's main grain‐producing areas, and this region has a temperate monsoon climate with an annual average temperature of 2.0−5.6 °C, annual average rainfall of 350−460 mm, and annual evaporation of 1,000−1,600 mm. In a short‐term experiment (2014−2019), the effects of no‐tillage (NT), no‐tillage and subsoiling (NTS), rotary and ridge tillage (RT), rotary and ridge tillage and subsoiling (RTS), rotary and flatten tillage (FT), and rotary and flatten tillage and subsoiling (FTS) on alkaline meadow soil in the surface 0−30 cm of soil was investigated. Measurements after 5 yr showed that, under NT at 0‐ to 30‐cm depth, the bulk density of soil, soil water content, and soil nutrient content significantly increased when compared with RT and FT. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks at 0−30 cm were increased by 2.23% (0.99 Mg ha−1) under NT, and the annual accumulation rate of SOC stocks under NT reached 0.20 Mg ha−1. Under RT and FT, SOC stocks decreased by 2.11% (0.94 Mg ha−1) and 2.18% (0.97 Mg ha−1), respectively, when compared with the beginning of the experiment. This indicates that NT, compared with RT and FT, reduces soil C loss and is conducive to the C sequestration.
Interleukin 13 (IL‐13) alters hypoxia‐associated genes and upregulates CD73
Authors: Khalil Syed Muaz , Bernstein Isaac , Kulaga Heather , Gour Naina , Rowan Nicholas , Lajoie Stephane , Lane Andrew P. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundInterleukin 13 (IL‐13) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been shown to be important in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and other type 2 inflammation–related diseases. Increased IL‐13 expression can elicit several pro‐inflammatory effects, including eosinophilia, and pathology such as increased mucus secretion. Polypogenesis in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can be caused by hypoxia, which can also lead to hyperpermeability of airway epithelium and epithelium‐to‐mesenchymal translation through the upregulation of hypoxia‐associated genes, such as HIF1. Whether T‐helper 2 (Th2) inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐13, can also induce sinonasal epithelial hypoxia‐associated genes is currently unknown.MethodsHuman air‐liquid interface (ALI) sinonasal epithelial cell cultures treated with recombinant IL‐13 were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry to determine the effect on epithelial cells.ResultsWhole tissue from CRSwNP subjects showed increased HIF1A gene expression. Treatment of fully differentiated human ALI cultures with IL‐13 resulted in a concurrent increase in HIF1A and ARNT messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. However, the level of EPAS1 expression was significantly reduced. IL‐13 also had a dose‐dependent response on the expression of HIF genes and the time course experiment showed peak expression of HIF1A and ARNT at 5 to 7 days poststimulation. Remarkably, CD73 surface expression also peaked at day 5 poststimulation.ConclusionOur data suggests that IL‐13 can induce hypoxia signaling pathway genes leading to surface expression of CD73, which has an anti‐inflammatory effect.
Heat‐Free Biomimetic Metal Molding on Soft Substrates
Authors: Chang Julia J. , Martin Andrew , Du Chuanshen , Pauls Alana M. , Thuo Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFabrication of bio‐templated metallic structures is limited by differences in properties, processing conditions, packing, and material state(s). Herein, by using undercooled metal particles, differences in modulus and processing temperatures can be overcome. Adoption of autonomous processes such as self‐filtration, capillary pressure, and evaporative concentration leads to enhanced packing, stabilization (jamming) and point sintering with phase change to create solid metal replicas of complex bio‐based features. Differentiation of subtle differences between cultivars of the rose flower with reproduction over large areas shows that this biomimetic metal patterning (BIOMAP) is a versatile method to replicate biological features either as positive or negative reliefs irrespective of the substrate. Using rose petal patterns, we illustrate the versatility of bio‐templated mapping with undercooled metal particles at ambient conditions, and with unprecedented efficiency for metal structures.
SCAI shock classification in acute myocardial infarction: Insights from the National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative
Authors: Hanson Ivan D. , Tagami Travis , Mando Ramy , Kara Balla Abdalla , Dixon Simon R. , Timmis Steven , Almany Steven , Naidu Srihari S. , Baran David , Lemor Alejandro , Gorgis Sarah , O'Neill William , Basir Mir B. ,   National Cardiogenic Shock Investigators
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe applied the cardiovascular angiography and interventions (SCAI) shock staging system to patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock (AMI‐CS) who were enrolled in the National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative (NCSI).BackgroundThe SCAI shock staging system provides a framework for evaluation of patients with CS based on clinical and hemodynamic parameters, but has not been validated in patients with AMI‐CS managed with a contemporary treatment algorithm that incorporates early use of Impella.MethodsConsecutive patients enrolled in NCSI were identified, all of whom were managed with invasive hemodynamic guidance and supported with Impella. Patients were retrospectively categorized into appropriate SCAI shock stages, and outcomes were assessed accordingly.ResultsA total of 300 patients were included in the analysis; 182 patients (61%) presented in Stage C shock, 25 (8%) in Stage D, and 93 (31%) in Stage E. Survival to hospital discharge was 76, 76, and 58%, respectively (p = .006). Survival was <20% among patients in Stage E at 24 hr, regardless of baseline stage. There was near perfect agreement in shock staging between two independent clinicians at baseline (kappa = 0.975, 95% CI, 0.95–1.00, p < .001) and at 24 hr (kappa = 0.985, 95% CI, 0.77–1.00, p < .001).ConclusionIn patients with AMI‐CS enrolled in NCSI, SCAI Shock classification was reproducible, and predicted survival when applied at presentation and at 24 hr.
Subtotal cholecystectomy: An operative option for Salmonellae typhi gangrenous cholecystitis
Authors: Akello Vivian Valin , Bitamazire Denis , Wandabwa Joel , Ssebuufu Robinson 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTyphoid gangrenous cholecystitis is uncommon and can be managed by subtotal cholecystectomy with nonclosure of the cystic duct if that is required for patient safety.
Seizure followed by lung edema: An intriguing link between the brain and the lung
Authors: Arakaki Wakako , Kinjo Takeshi , Nakamura Hideta , Fujita Jiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhen observing diffuse ground‐glass opacities in both lungs, physicians should consider several diseases, including heart failure, interstitial lung diseases, and pulmonary infections. However, brain diseases rarely cause lung infiltration. We present an instructive case of neurologic pulmonary edema showing a pathological link between the brain and the lung.
Forage potential of corn intercrops for beef cattle diets in northwestern Alberta
Authors: Omokanye Akim , Al‐Maqtari Buthaina , Lardner Herbert A. , Hernandez Guillermo , Gill Kabal S. , Sreekumar Lekshmi , Lee Alan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntercropping systems involving cereals with legumes provide several advantages such as elevated forage yield and improved forage nutritive value. This study was designed to assess viability of corn (Zea mays L.) intercrops to improve the forage crude protein (CP) of corn forage for beef cattle production. A corn monocrop (C‐M) was compared with seven corn intercrops (five annual legumes, a non‐legume crop (radish (Raphanus sativus L.), C‐RA) and an annual crop mixture (ACM)). The corn forage dry matter (DM) yield was significantly improved (P < .05) for C‐M than all intercrops. Of the seven intercrops, only corn‐radish intercrop (C‐RA) produced significantly lower total forage DM yield (corn + companion) than C‐M. Of the seven corn intercrops, only corn‐hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) (C‐HV) and corn–annual crop mixture (C‐ACM) had significantly (P < .05) improved forage CP and digestible CP than C‐M. Both C‐HV and C‐ACM exceeded the CP recommendations for mature beef cattle and also had adequate CP for young (growing and finishing calves) beef cattle, thereby eliminating the need for protein supplementation during the feeding of either C‐HV or C‐ACM beef cattle. Forage minerals were not significantly affected (P > .05) by corn intercrops. Forage total digestible nutrients (TDN) was significantly (P < .05) influenced by intercrops and varied from 65.9‐71.2%. Results indicate that selected corn intercrops can improve nutritive value of forage for beef cattle production.
Selective Phase Transfer Reagents (OxP‐crowns) for Chromogenic Detection of Nitrates Especially Ammonium Nitrate
Authors: Chahal Mandeep K. , Payne Daniel T. , Labuta Jan , Karr Paul A. , D'Souza Francis , Ariga Katsuhiko , Hill Jonathan P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNitrogen and phosphorus‐containing ions such as ammonium, nitrates and phosphates are anthropogenic pollutants while ammonium nitrate may be diverted for nefarious purposes in improvised explosive devices. Crown ether‐oxoporphyrinogen conjugates (OxP‐crowns) are used to selectively detect nitrates, especially their ion pairs with K+ and NH4+, based on ion pair complexation of OxP‐crowns under phase transfer conditions. The presence of phosphate and carbonate lead to deprotonation of OxP‐crowns. OxP‐1N18C6 is capable of extracting ion pairs with nitrate from aqueous phase leading to a selective chromogenic response. Deprotonation of the OxP moiety leads to [OxP−]‐1N18C6[K+] and is promoted by crown ether selective cation binding coupled with hydration of basic oxoanions, which are constrained to remain in the aqueous phase. This work illustrates the utility of molecular design to exploit partitioning and ion hydration effects establishing the selectivity of the chromogenic response.
The Regularity of Parametrized Integer Stationary Varifolds in Two Dimensions
Authors: Pigati Alessandro , Rivière Tristan 
Published: July 2020

We establish an optimal regularity result for parametrized two‐dimensional stationary varifolds. Namely, we show that the parametrization map is a smooth minimal branched immersion and that the multiplicity function is constant.We provide some applications of this regularity result, especially in the calculus of variations for the area functional. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC