Measurement of Oxygen Gas Transport Resistance in Cathode Catalyst Layers of PEFC
Authors: Yasuda Hiroshi , Kobayashi Kenji , Daimaru Akimasa , Hori Michio 
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are a promising power sources for automotive use. For the commercialization, cost reduction is one of the most important issues. In order to reduce cost, the Pt-loading of a membrane electrode assembly (MAE) should be reduced. Many studies for this purpose have been done. As a part of such studies, in-situ analytical methods for evaluating oxygen transport properties have been developed using limiting current measurements1)2). It is said that oxygen gas transport resistance in catalyst layers CLs (RCL) is mainly consisted of two parts, diffusion resistance in micro pore (Rpore) and diffusion resistance around Pt particles (RPt). And it has been found that the diffusion resistance RCL was significantly increased when Pt loading in CLs was reduced2). In this study, the oxygen diffusion resistances in CLs of two types of Pt/carbon catalysts with different kind of carbon support are measured by changing the ionomer carbon ratio (I/C) and the relation between I/C and RPt, Rporewas investigated.

Experimental

Table 1 shows the specifications of the MEAs used in this study. The MEA samples with an active area of 1cm2 were fabricated by coating CLs consisting of catalysis powders (Pt/C) and NafionR ionomer onto the perfluorosulfonated polymer membrane (NafionR NR212). Pt-loadings of the samples for the working electrode were 0.05 -0.6 mg cm-2 respectively. In order to evaluate the oxygen gas transport resistance in the CLs, limiting currents were measured in nitrogen balance gases. RCL was measured by the method of Mashio et al1). Rpore and RPt were determined by the method we described before3).

Results and discussions

In order to estimate Rpore and RPt, an Equation (1) was introduced with the analogy of porous electrode model and value was determined from RCL with different I/C. A imaginary limiting current inversely proportional to RCL was also introduced (eq.(2)). In Fig.1, each dot shows measured RCL, full line shows the calculation curves of RCL with eq.(1) and dotted line shows imaginary limiting current calculated by the eq.(2) with using the obtained values of Rpt and Rpore. Table2 shows Rpt and Rporevalues obtained.
Rpore increased very much at I/C was 1.3 for both catalysts.Thisseems to because oftheclosure or isoration of pore by ionomer.RPtshows minimum values at some I/C whichdepend on catalyst types.From this result,RPt seems to be affected with the state of three-phase interface4)and oxygen gas permeability through ionomer.

Acknowledgement

This research was performed under a grant from the Cell Evaluation Project of the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).

References

T.Mashio, A.Ohma, S.Yamamoto and K.Shinohara, ECS Transactions,
11(1) 529 (2007).

K.Sakai, K.Sato, T.Mashio, A.Ohma, K.Yamaguchi and K.Shinohara, ECS
Transactions, 25(1) 1193 (2009).

H.Yasuda, K.Kobayashi, A.Daimaru and M.Hori., ECS Transactions, 50(2) 261 (2012)

M. Lee, M. Uchida, H. Yano, D.A. Tryk, H. Uchida and M.Watanabe, Elecrochim. Acta
55 8504 (2010)

Table 1 MEA specification

Counter Electrode
Working Electrode

Catalyst
Pt/C (CB) (TEC10E50E, TKK)Pt/C (GCB) (TEC10EA50E, TKK)

Ionomer
NafionR (D2020, Dupont)

Pt loading /mgcm-2

0.05 – 0.6

Ionomer Carbon Ratio (I/C)
0.4 – 1.3

Active Area /cm2

1.0

Membrane
NafionR (NR212, Dupont)

GDL
TGP H060, Toray (without MPL)

Table 2 RPt and Rpore with different I/C

I/C
TEC10E50E
TEC10EA50E

RPt

Rpore

RPt

Rpore

0.4
4.3
19
4.3
10

0.5
-
-
2.8
29

0.7
3.5
13
4.0
12

1.0
2.8
46
4.8
7.8

1.3
3.5
88
5.2
69