bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods to estimate proportion and number of nonexposed cases in a population
Authors: Becher Heiko , Aigner Annette 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNational mortality statistics commonly provide disease‐specific absolute and relative frequencies of death by sex and age, but not by exposure status. However, it is often of interest to know how many of the diseased individuals, that is the cases, were exposed or not exposed to a specific risk factor. We present two methods to estimate the proportion and the number of exposed and nonexposed cases, both of which require an estimate of the exposure prevalence in the nondiseased population. Method I additionally requires an estimate of the relative effect of exposure, that is a relative risk function if the exposure has a continuous distribution, or a relative risk estimate for each category if the exposure is categorical. Method II additionally requires an estimate of the disease rate among the nonexposed. We provide theoretical justifications, discuss practical limitations, and provide an R script to calculate the probability for nonexposure among the diseased, and compare the approaches. Both methods are subsequently applied to the estimation of the number of never smokers among lung cancer deaths. The two suggested methods rely on the availability of specific data sources and might therefore be applicable in different research settings. Both methods yield unbiased estimates of the number of nonexposed cases, given that the respective underlying assumptions are fulfilled.
Comparing bowel and urinary domains of patient‐reported quality of life at the end of and 3 months post radiotherapy between intensity‐modulated radiotherapy and proton beam therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer
Authors: Bai Miao , Gergelis Kimberly R. , Sir Mustafa , Whitaker Thomas J. , Routman David M. , Stish Bradley J. , Davis Brian J. , Pisansky Thomas M. , Choo Richard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo prospectively assess acute differences in patient‐reported outcomes in bowel and urinary domains between intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and proton beam therapy (PBT) for prostate cancer.Methods and MaterialsBowel function (BF), urinary irritative/obstructive symptoms (UO), and urinary incontinence (UI) domains of EPIC‐26 were collected in patients with T1‐T2 prostate cancer receiving IMRT or PBT at a tertiary cancer center (2015‐2018). Mean changes in domain scores were analyzed from pretreatment to the end of and 3 months post‐radiotherapy for each modality. A clinically meaningful change was defined as a score change >50% of the baseline standard deviation.ResultsA total of 157 patients receiving IMRT and 105 receiving PBT were included. There were no baseline differences in domain scores between cohorts. At the end of radiotherapy, there was significant and clinically meaningful worsening of BF and UO scores for patients receiving either modality. In the BF domain, the IMRT cohort experienced greater decrement (−13.0 vs −6.7, P < .01), and had a higher proportion of patients with clinically meaningful reduction (58.4% vs 39.5%, P = .01), compared to PBT. At 3 months post‐radiotherapy, the IMRT group had significant and clinically meaningful worsening of BF (−9.3, P < .001), whereas the change in BF score of the PBT cohort was no longer significant or clinically meaningful (−1.2, P = .25). There were no significant or clinically meaningful changes in UO or UI 3 months post‐radiotherapy.ConclusionsPBT had less acute decrement in BF than IMRT following radiotherapy. There was no difference between the two modalities in UO and UI.
Neues vom neuen Liquiphant
Authors: Schall Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDie neuste Generation des Liquiphant besticht durch gesteigerte Sicherheit und ist bereit für die Industrie 4.0. Davon können bald weitere Anwendungen profitieren – das Prozessportfolio des Grenzschalters wird derzeit für den Einsatz unter extremen Bedingungen komplettiert.
Ultra‐kompakte Radarsensoren für Unternehmen
Authors: Wagner Johannes 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIm Flugzeug oder auf hoher See ist Radar seit vielen Jahren Alltag, immer öfter wird Radar zudem auch in Autos im „Nahbereich” eingesetzt. Die enormen Fortschritte in der Halbleitertechnologie der vergangenen Jahre erlauben nun einen weiteren Schritt der
Desinfektionsmittel statt Shampoo
Authors: Musat Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBedingt durch die aktuell höhere Nachfrage bei Desinfektionsmitteln und anderen Hygieneprodukten stellen zahlreiche Unternehmen in der Kosmetik‐ und Chemiebranche ihre Produktion um. Speziell für die Herstellung von Desinfektionsmitteln sind aufgrund des
Esterification of 2‐keto‐L‐gulonic acid and ethanol by pervapouration using NaA zeolite membrane
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Hao , Shang Huijian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEsterification of 2‐Keto‐gulonic acid is an important process in the production of vitamin C. The traditional esterification reaction process improves the esterification rate with large energy consumption. In this study, the mass transfer model of the pervapouration process was established based on the separation effect of the zeolite membrane. The mass transfer rule was studied, and the reaction‐membrane separation coupling technology was applied to the esterification process of 2‐Keto‐L‐gulonic acid and ethanol. The esterification rate of 2‐Keto‐L‐gulonic acid was increased to 95.37%. At this time, the reaction conditions were as follows: (a) the temperature was 55°C, (b) the alkyd molar ratio was 40.31:1, and (c) and the feed rate was 20.77 mL · min−1.
Effect of biologic materials on the outcomes of horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation: A retrospective study
Authors: Deeb Janina Golob , Reichert Amy , Carrico Caroline K. , Laskin Daniel M. , Deeb George R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate if the addition of biologic agents to a particulate bone graft enhances horizontal ridge augmentation outcomes in terms of bone dimensions, bone density, and successful implant placement.Materials and MethodsA retrospective chart review was done to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes in 52 horizontal ridge augmentation sites in 43 patients. Information was gathered regarding surgical technique, type of graft material, biologic agents used (PRP or rhPDGF‐BB), method of space maintenance, and achieved alveolar ridge width and bone density changes as quantified on CBCT scans.ResultsThe use of tenting screws, a resorbable membrane, and a combination of particulate allogenic and xenogenic bone graft material provided an average horizontal bone gain of 3.6 mm in the 52 augmented sites. There was no statistically significant difference observed in the amount of horizontal bone gain between sites treated with the addition of biologic agents (n = 21), or with a particulate bone graft alone (n = 31). A marginally statistically significant difference was found in the density of the grafted bone with the addition of biologics (p value = .0653).ConclusionThe addition of biologic agents to the graft materials did not have a significant effect on the amount of horizontal bone gain or successful implant placement; however, it marginally enhanced the bone density of the grafted area.
Classical and genomic prediction of hybrid sweet corn performance in organic environments
Authors: Zystro Jared , Peters Tessa , Miller Kathleen , Tracy William F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlant breeders need efficient systems to identify which inbreds to combine to create new hybrid cultivars. The North Carolina Design II (NC DII) is a useful mating design to evaluate the potential of hybrid varieties and their inbred parents. Genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) models, either with or without the inclusion of a dominance term in the model, have been found to be an efficient method for using rich marker sets for prediction. This study used marker data and phenotypic data collected in 11 organic trials across six locations on 40 inbred sweet corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes and 100 hybrid progenies formed from four disconnected NC DII mating blocks to predict performance of untested sweet corn hybrids. In 2017, validation trials of 24 previously untested hybrids were grown in five organic environments to assess the correlation between actual performance and the performance predicted by GBLUP or NC DII general combining abilities (GCAs). Fivefold cross‐validation accuracy ranged from 0.29 to 0.82 for the GBLUP predictions based on additive effects alone (GBLUP‐A) and from 0.70 to 0.91 for GBLUP predictions based on combined additive and dominance effects (GBLUP‐AD). For all traits except flavor, addition of dominance effects to the model increased the cross‐validation accuracy. Correlations between values measured in the 2017 validation trials and values predicted from the 2015 and 2016 training trials ranged from 0.36 to 0.92 for GCA‐based predictions, from 0.34 to 0.94 for the additive GBLUP model, and from 0.38 to 0.92 for the additive plus dominance GBLUP model.
Long noncoding RNA CASC11 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis and HCC progression through EIF4A3‐mediated E2F1 activation
Authors: Song Hang , Liu Yan , Li Xinquan , Chen Shuhua , Xie Rongzhang , Chen Dabao , Gao Huawu , Wang Guoquan , Cai Biao , Yang Xiangyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidences have been revealing that long noncoding RNAs are vital factors in oncogenesis and tumor development. Among them, cancer susceptibility candidate 11 (CASC11) has displayed an impressively essential role in various kinds of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, its role and potential mechanism in HCC still remain to be fully investigated.MethodsCASC11 expression level was evaluated by real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and in situ hybridization staining in HCC patients, and its prognostic effect was analyzed. The role of CASC11 in HCC tumorigenesis and progression was investigated by cell proliferation assay, transwell assay, extracellular acidification rate, western blotting, flow cytometry, and an in vivo xenograft model. The interactions among CASC11, E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3) were explored by using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays.ResultsUpregulation of CASC11 was confirmed in HCC tissues and associated with poor prognosis. Loss of function assays showed inhibition of CASC11 expression suppressed HCC cells proliferation, mobility, and glucose metabolism and promoted apoptosis. E2F1 expression significantly decreased after inhibition of CASC11. Rescue experiments illustrated that E2F1 overexpression alleviated the suppression of CASC11 inhibition on HCC progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CASC11 recruited EIF4A3 to enhance the stability of E2F1 mRNA. CASC11 and E2F1 impacted the activation of the NF‐κB signaling and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and further regulated the expression PD‐L1 that is an important target of immunotherapy. In addition, we identified YY1 could modulate CASC11 expression by binding to its promoter.ConclusionsOur data revealed that CASC11 promoted the progression of HCC by means of EIF4A3‐mediated E2F1 upregulation, indicating CASC11 is a promising diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
A correlation study between thyroid imaging report and data systems and the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytology with surgical follow‐up‐ an ultrasound‐trained cytopathologist's experience
Authors: Wu Maoxin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (TI‐RADS) including a modified system (M TI‐RADS) and American College Radiology (ACR) TI‐RADS are introduced. Correlation studies between both TI‐RADSs and The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (TBSRTC) for Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (US‐FNA) cases with surgical follow‐up (SFU) are presented.Materials and MethodsThree hundred and forty six thyroid US‐FNA cases performed at the US‐FNA clinic of Stony Brook University Hospital by an Ultrasound‐trained interventional Cytopathologist between December 1, 2014 to February 28, 2018 were reviewed. All ultrasound images from 346 cases were evaluated and assigned M TI‐RADS scores based on ultrasound features present in Table 1. One hundred and fifty four cases from Dcember 1, 2014 to February 28, 2016 were assigned scores using ACR TI‐RADS.TBSRTC category along with SFU data was collected and correlated with both TI‐RADS scores by using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy for M TI‐RADS and TBSRTC were also calculated using SFU diagnosis as a gold standard. McNemar test was applied to evaluate the significance of the difference between M TI‐RADS and TBSRTC.ResultsBased on 346 thyroid nodules studied, the overall r‐value between M TI‐RADS scores and TBSRTC categories is 0.465. The r‐values between Composition, Echogenicity, Shape, Margin, Echogenic foci, the summary points, and the converted TR level of ACR TI‐RADS and TBSRTC are 0.145, 0.042, 0.259, 0.310, 0.405, and 0.379, respectively. Fifty (14.5%) cases have SFUs. Considering TI‐RADS 5&6 and TBSRTC 5&6 as positives, and TI‐RADS 2 and TBSRTC 2 as negatives, the Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy are 96%, 53%, 76%, 89%, 79% for TI‐RADS vs 100%, 93%, 96%, 100%, 97% for TBSRTC, respectively (P = .038). The data for indeterminate cases are summarized.ConclusionBoth TI‐RADSs could be helpful to a moderate degree. M TI‐RADS appeared to correlate to TBSRTC slightly better than that of ACR TI‐RADS. TBSRTC is significantly more accurate than M TI‐RADS for the majority of determined cases.
Low temperature has opposite effects on sex determination in a marine fish at the larval/postlarval and juvenile stages
Authors: Vandeputte Marc , Clota Frédéric , Sadoul Bastien , Blanc Marie‐Odile , Blondeau‐Bidet Eva , Bégout Marie‐Laure , Cousin Xavier , Geffroy Benjamin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTemperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) can be observed in multiple reptile and fish species. It is adaptive when varying environmental conditions advantage either males or females. A good knowledge of the thermosensitive period is key to understand how environmental changes may lead to changes in population sex ratio. Here, by manipulating temperature during development, we confirm that cold temperature (16°C) increases the proportion of fish that develop as females in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) until 56 days posthatching, but show that it has an opposite effect at later stages, with the proportion of males reaching ~90% after 230 days at 16°C. This is the first observation of opposite effects of temperature at different time periods on the sex ratio of a vertebrate. Our results highlight the potential complexity of environmental effects on sex determination.
Challenges of influencing cellular morphology by morphology engineering techniques and mechanical induced stress on filamentous pellet systems—A critical review
Authors: Böl Markus , Schrinner Kathrin , Tesche Sebastian , Krull Rainer 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFilamentous microorganisms are main producers of organic acids, enzymes, and pharmaceutical agents such as antibiotics and other active pharmaceutical ingredients. With their complex cell morphology, ranging from dispersed mycelia to dense pellets, the cultivation is challenging. In recent years, various techniques for tailor‐made cell morphologies of filamentous microorganisms have been developed to increase product formation and have been summarised under the term morphology engineering. These techniques, namely microparticle‐enhanced cultivation, macroparticle‐enhanced cultivation, and alteration of the osmolality of the culture medium by addition of inorganic salts, the salt‐enhanced cultivation, are presented and discussed in this review. These techniques have already proven to be useful and now await further proof‐of‐concept. Furthermore, the mechanical behaviour of individual pellets is of special interest for a general understanding of pellet mechanics and the productivity of biotechnological processes with filamentous microorganisms. Correlating them with substrate uptake and finally with productivity would be a breakthrough not to be underestimated for the comprehensive characterisation of filamentous systems. So far, this research field is under‐represented. First results on filamentous pellet mechanics are discussed and important future aspects, which the filamentous expert community should deal with, will be presented and critically discussed.
A Brief Review on High‐Performance Capacitive Deionization Enabled by Intercalation Electrodes
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Shang Xu , Li Haibo , Liu Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOwing to the advantages of cost‐effectiveness, environmental‐friendliness and high desalination capacity, capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as an advanced desalination technique. Recently, the ions intercalation materials inspired by sodium ion batteries have been widely implemented in CDI due to their exceptional salt removal capacity. They are able to extract sodium ions from the brine through intercalation or redox reactions, instead of electrostatic forces associated with the carbonaceous electrode. As a result, the ions intercalation materials have caught the attention of the CDI research community. In this article, the recent progress in various sodium ion intercalation materials as highly‐efficient CDI electrodes is summarized and reviewed. Further, an outlook on the future development of ion intercalation electrodes is proposed.
Emotion processing and regulation in major depressive disorder: A 7T resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Ebneabbasi Amir , Mahdipour Mostafa , Nejati Vahid , Li Meng , Liebe Thomas , Colic Lejla , Leutritz Anna Linda , Vogel Matthias , Zarei Mojtaba , Walter Martin , Tahmasian Masoud 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDysfunctions in bottom‐up emotion processing (EP), as well as top‐down emotion regulation (ER) are prominent features in pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Nonetheless, it is not clear whether EP‐ and ER‐related areas are regionally and/or connectively disturbed in MDD. In addition, it is yet to be known how EP‐ and ER‐related areas are interactively linked to regulatory behavior, and whether this interaction is disrupted in MDD. In our study, regional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and whole‐brain functional connectivity (FC) of meta‐analytic‐driven EP‐ and ER‐related areas were compared between 32 healthy controls (HC) and 20 MDD patients. Then, we aimed to investigate whether the EP‐related areas can predict the ER‐related areas and regulatory behavior in both groups. Finally, the brain–behavior correlations between the EP‐ and ER‐related areas and depression severity were assessed. We found that: (a) affective areas are regionally and/or connectively disturbed in MDD; (b) EP‐ER interaction seems to be disrupted in MDD; overburden of emotional reactivity in amygdala may inversely affect cognitive control processes in prefrontal cortices, which leads to diminished regulatory actions. (c) Depression severity is correlated with FC of affective areas. Our findings shed new lights on the neural underpinning of affective dysfunctions in depression.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography–Based Hepatic Perfusion for Early Prediction of Prognosis in Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Kuroda Hidekatsu , Abe Tamami , Fujiwara Yudai , Nagasawa Tomoaki , Suzuki Yuji , Kakisaka Keisuke , Takikawa Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2020

Background and Aims
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare but dramatic clinical syndrome characterized by massive hepatic necrosis leading to multiorgan failure. It is difficult to predict the outcomes in patients with ALF using existing prognostic models. We aimed to analyze hepatic perfusion using contrast‐enhanced ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound in patients with ALF and investigate its utility as a prognostic biomarker.

Approach and Results
In this prospective observational study, 208 patients with acute liver injury/ALF were enrolled from 2015 to 2019. We evaluated 50 consecutive patients with ALF with Doppler ultrasound and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound performed on admission. The cases were divided into the following two groups: survivors (recovered without surgical intervention) and nonsurvivors (died of ALF or underwent liver transplantation). The time to peak and peak intensity of hepatic artery, portal vein, hepatic vein, and liver parenchyma were calculated using the time‐intensity curve analysis. The hepatic artery (HA) resistive index was calculated using the fast Fourier transform analysis of Doppler ultrasound. The time interval (TI) between the time to peak of HA and liver parenchyma (LP) was significantly shorter in the nonsurvivors than in the survivors (P < 0.0001). The area under the receiver operating curve values for TI (HA, LP), Japanese scoring system, HE prediction model, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, and King’s College Hospital criteria for the prediction of poor prognosis were 0.953, 0.914, 0.861, 0.816, and 0.731, respectively. The most appropriate cutoff value of TI (HA, LP) was 6.897 seconds; the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 94.4%, 90.6%, 85.0%, and 96.7%, respectively.

Conclusions
TI (HA, LP) accurately predicts the outcome in patients with ALF and may be useful in clinical decision making.
Electrochemistry: Retrospect and Prospects
Authors: Shukla Ashok , Prem Kumar T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the beginning of modern civilization, static electricity and later current electricity have been used to get to grips with many situations. The publication of Gilbert's De magnete in 1600 triggered a series of inventions such as Leyden jar (1745: von Kleist; van Musschenbrock) and torsion balance (1784: Charles Coulomb). Current electricity was discovered at the end of the eighteenth century. Humphry Davy's remarkable prescience that electricity could overcome the normal ‘chemical affinity’ that holds elements together was a gamechanger, ushering in an explosion of electrochemical science. Today, electrochemistry has transformed human life in ways unimaginable only decades ago. This article is an effort to reflect upon the role of electrochemistry in our search for solutions to everyday problems and its continuing forays into areas spanning the mundane to outer space.