bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lockdown Contained the Spread of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease in Huangshi City, China: Early Epidemiological Findings
Authors: Ji Tuo , Chen Hai-Lian , Xu Jing , Wu Ling-Ning , Li Jie-Jia , Chen Kai , Qin Gang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
To control the spread of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), China sealed Wuhan on 23 January 2020 and soon expanded lockdown to 12 other cities in Hubei province. We aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics in one of the cities and highlight the effect of current implemented lockdown and nonpharmaceutical interventions.

Methods
We retrieved data of reported cases in Huangshi and Wuhan from publicly available disease databases. Local epidemiological data on suspected or confirmed cases in Huangshi were collected through field investigation. Epidemic curves were constructed with data on reported and observed cases.

Results
The accumulated confirmed COVID-19 cases and fatality in Huangshi were reported to be 1015 and 3.74%, respectively, compared with 50006 and 5.08% in Wuhan until 27 March 2020. Right after 24 January, the epidemic curve based on observed cases in Huangshi became flattened. And 1 February 2020 was identified as the “turning point” as the epidemic in Huangshi faded soon afterward. COVID-19 epidemic was characterized by mild cases in Huangshi, accounting for 82.66% of total cases. Moreover, 50 asymptomatic infections were identified in adults and children. In addition, we found confirmed cases in 19 familial clusters and 21 healthcare workers, supporting interhuman transmission.

Conclusions
Our study reported the temporal dynamics and characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Huangshi city, China, across the unprecedented intervention. Such new epidemiological inference might provide further guidance on current lockdown measures in high-risk cities and, subsequently, help improve public health intervention strategies against the pandemic on the country and global levels.
Percutaneous left ventricular advanced support for ‘protected’ complex high-risk transcatheter mitral valve repair: a case series
Authors: Muraca Iacopo , Pennesi Matteo , Carrabba Nazario , Scudiero Fernando , Migliorini Angela , Marchionni Niccolò , Stefàno Pierluigi , Valenti Renato 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Currently, the use of advanced ventricular support systems during percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) procedures is confined to very few selected cases in emergency or bailout situations. No cases are reported of planned use of ventricular support devices in the subgroup of high-risk patients undergoing PMVR.

Case summary
We report two cases of planned and ‘protected’ procedures of PMVR with Impella CP mechanical circulatory support. No procedure-related complications occurred. At 6-month clinical follow-up evaluation, an improvement of symptoms and functional class (New York Heart Association) was reported.

Discussion
In the two cases reported, PMVR with Impella CP assistance was feasible, safe and effective in the setting of severe mitral regurgitation associated with dilated and severe left ventricular dysfunction. Extending the concept of ‘complex high-risk and indicated patients/procedures’ (CHIP) from the environment of coronary intervention, a ‘protected’ approach could lead to improve technical feasibility and clinical outcome in structural interventions, as advocated for ‘protected-percutaneous coronary intervention’.
De-escalation of antiplatelets after percutaneous coronary intervention: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of various de-escalation strategies
Authors: Khan Safi U , Khan Muhammad Zia , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Mahmood Ahmed , Kalra Ankur , Kaluski Edo , Michos Erin D , Alkhouli Mohamad 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
To compare early de-escalation of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (1–3 months) to monotherapy with either P2Y12 inhibitor or aspirin vs. 12 months DAPT after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent (DES).

Methods and results
Electronic databases of Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library were searched through February 2020 to identify randomized controlled trials. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted with random effects model. The main endpoints of interest were cardiovascular mortality and total bleeding events. Among seven trials (35 821 patients), 52.6% patients were presented with acute coronary syndrome. A total of 3359 patients and 14 530 patients were de-escalated to aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy, respectively. At a median follow-up of 12 months, compared with 12 months of DAPT, there was no significant difference in cardiovascular mortality between 1-month DAPT followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.84 (95% credible interval 0.29–2.43)], 3 months of DAPT followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy [HR 0.74 (0.39–1.46)], or 3 months of DAPT [HR 1.00 (0.54–1.86)] followed by aspirin monotherapy. Except for de-escalation of DAPT to aspirin monotherapy after 3 months [HR 0.75 (0.43–1.20)], de-escalation to P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after 1 month [HR 0.28 (0.10–0.83)], or 3 months [HR 0.57 (0.33–0.98)] were associated with significant decrease in total bleeding events. There were no significant differences in terms of ischaemic endpoints among different DAPT strategies.

Conclusion
Early de-escalation of DAPT (1–3 months) to monotherapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor instead of aspirin might be a safer and equally effective approach compared with 12 months of DAPT in patients with PCI and DES.
‘Le feu est de retour dans la vallée’: The Noir Landscapes of Deindustrialization in Lorraine
Authors: Raboin Thibaut 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The region of Lorraine is often seen as paradigmatic of the social problems arising from deindustrialization in France. Noir novels set in the region offer rich re-imaginings of the landscapes of deindustrialization, both geographical and social. This article examines what noir aesthetics do to these landscapes, studying a corpus of novels from four writers. In the first section, the article looks at how the novels engage with deindustrialization through ruins and natural environments. In the second section, the article examines how Dominique Manotti’s Lorraine Connection critiques the policies of reindustrialization implemented in the region since the late 1980s. The article concludes with an analysis of how noir genre conventions allow the novels to critique the cruel optimism of reindustrialization.
Robust exponential synchronization of a Markovian jump complex dynamical network with piecewise homogeneous Markovian parameters
Authors: Akbari Nasim , Sadr Ali , Kazemy Ali 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper establishes a stochastic synchronization method for a Markovian jump complex dynamical network (MJCDN) with time-delay and uncertainties. The considered Markovian structure is piecewise-homogeneous with piecewise-constant time-varying transition rates (TRs). Two Markovian signals are utilized to construct the piecewise-homogeneous Markovian structure. A low-level Markovian signal with time-varying TRs governs the switching between the system dynamics while it is managed by a high-level Markovian signal. Due to the effect of imperfections induced by modeling errors in the system dynamics, some parametric norm-bounded uncertainties are considered. In addition, uncertain TR matrix is considered which means that inaccurate or uncertain information for each element of the TR matrix is allowable. This modelling makes the MJCDN to be more general and applicable than the existing ones. Synchronization conditions are obtained and reported in the form of linear matrix inequalities by the help of Lyapunov–Krasovskii theory, Wirtinger-based integral inequality approach and reciprocally convex technique. Finally, a numerical example is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Coronavirus Occurrence and Transmission Over 8 Years in the HIVE Cohort of Households in Michigan
Authors: Monto Arnold S , DeJonge Peter M , Callear Amy P , Bazzi Latifa A , Capriola Skylar B , Malosh Ryan E , Martin Emily T , Petrie Joshua G 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
As part of the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) study, acute respiratory infections (ARI) have been identified in children and adults from 2010 to 2018.

Methods
Annually, 890 to 1441 individuals were followed and contacted weekly to report ARIs. Specimens collected during illness were tested for human coronaviruses (HCoV) types OC43, 229E, HKU1, and NL63.

Results
In total, 993 HCoV infections were identified during the 8 years, with OC43 most commonly seen and 229E the least. HCoVs were detected in a limited time period, between December and April/May and peaked in January/February. Highest infection frequency was in children &lt;5 years (18 per 100 person-years), with little variation in older age groups (range, 7 to 11 per 100 person-years). Overall, 9% of adult cases and 20% of cases in children were associated with medical consultation. Of the 993 infections, 260 were acquired from an infected household contact. The serial interval between index and household-acquired cases ranged from 3.2 to 3.6 days and the secondary infection risk ranged from 7.2% to 12.6% by type.

Conclusions
Coronaviruses are sharply seasonal. They appear, based on serial interval and secondary infection risk, to have similar transmission potential to influenza A(H3N2) in the same population.
Immune-checkpoint profiles for T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with immune-checkpoint inhibitor-related interstitial lung disease
Authors: Suzuki Kunihiro , Yanagihara Toyoshi , Matsumoto Koichiro , Kusaba Hitoshi , Yamauchi Takuji , Ikematsu Yuki , Tanaka Kentaro , Otsubo Kohei , Inoue Hiroyuki , Yoneshima Yasuto , Iwama Eiji , Arimura-Omori Masako , Harada Eiji , Hamada Naoki , Okamoto Isamu , Nakanishi Yoichi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved clinical outcomes and are becoming a standard treatment for many cancer types. However, these drugs also induce immune-related adverse events, among which interstitial lung disease (ILD) is potentially fatal. The underlying mechanism of ILD induction by ICIs is largely unknown. With the use of flow cytometry, we determined the expression levels of the immune-checkpoint proteins PD-1, TIM-3, TIGIT, LAG-3 and PD-L1 in T cells of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with ICI-related ILD and compared them with those for patients with sarcoidosis or with ILD related to connective tissue disease or cytotoxic drug use. The proportions of CD8+ T cells positive for both PD-1 and TIM-3 or for TIGIT in BALF were significantly higher for ICI-related ILD patients than for those with other types of ILD. A prominent increase in the proportion of PD-1+PD-L1+ cells among CD8+ T cells was also apparent in BALF of a patient with a fatal case of ICI-related ILD, and the proportion of such cells was positively correlated with the grade of ICI-related ILD. Our data reveal the immune-checkpoint profiles of T cells in ICI-related ILD and may provide mechanistic insight into the development of this adverse event.
Superflares and variability in solar-type stars with TESS in the Southern hemisphere
Authors: Doyle L , Ramsay G , Doyle J G 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Superflares on solar-type stars have been a rapidly developing field ever since the launch of Kepler. Over the years, there have been several studies investigating the statistics of these explosive events. In this study, we present a statistical analysis of stellar flares on solar-type stars made using photometric data in 2-min cadence from Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite of the whole Southern hemisphere (sectors 1–13). We derive rotational periods for all the stars in our sample from rotational modulations present in the light curve as a result of large star-spot(s) on the surface. We identify 1980 stellar flares from 209 solar-type stars with energies in the range of 1031–1036 erg (using the solar flare classification, this corresponds to X1–X100 000) and conduct an analysis into their properties. We investigate the rotational phase of the flares and find no preference for any phase, suggesting the flares are randomly distributed. As a benchmark, we use GOES data of solar flares to detail the close relationship between solar flares and sunspots. In addition, we also calculate approximate spot areas for each of our stars and compare this to flare number, rotational phase, and flare energy. Additionally, two of our stars were observed in the continuous viewing zone with light-curves spanning 1 yr; as a result we examine the stellar variability of these stars in more detail.
Night-sky imaging as a potential tool for characterization of total lumen output from small and medium-sized cities
Authors: Wallner S , Kocifaj M , Komar L , Solano-Lamphar H A 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
In this article, the asymptotic formula developed in past work and applied to predict skyglow due to distant sources was evolved, with the objective of characterizing small and medium-sized cities in the observer's surroundings. To enable this, a combination of theoretical computations and in situ measurements is needed, aiming to distinguish between dominant and smaller light-emitting sources, with the latter usually being camouflaged when measuring the night sky. Furthermore, for numerical modelling of skyglow, few of the most important parameters, specifically the amount of total lumens installed and radiated to the upward hemisphere, can be derived. Astronomical observatories, in particular, can profit from this concept, since they are usually situated far away from large cities but can still be surrounded by smaller villages and towns. We present a detailed description of how theoretical computations are combined with all-sky photometry in order to obtain the properties mentioned. Results are compared with satellite data, showing that, regarding approximations undertaken for processing, they are comparable, underlining the functionality of our approach. The idea of including in situ observations enables us to quantify the impact of small and medium-sized cities globally and independent of location, as long as measurements were conducted outside light domes. In addition, the presented work may be of major interest to the light-pollution community if conducting long-term observations of cities, since the quality of commonly used satellite data is going to decrease in the future, due to blindness in short wavelengths and upcoming conversions of public lighting systems to blue-enlightened LEDs.
Panchromatic properties of the extreme Fe ii emitter PHL 1092
Authors: Marinello Murilo , Rodríguez-Ardila Alberto , Marziani Paola , Sigut Aaron , Pradhan Anil 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We present near-infrared spectroscopy of the NLS1 galaxy PHL 1092 (z = 0.394), the strongest Fe ii emitter ever reported, combined with optical and UV data. We modelled the continuum and the broad emission lines using a power-law plus a blackbody function and Lorentzian functions, respectively. The strength of the Fe ii emission was estimated using the latest Fe ii templates in the literature. We re-estimate the ratio between the Fe ii complex centred at 4570 Å and the broad component of H β, R4570, obtaining a value of 2.58, nearly half of that previously reported (R4570 = 6.2), but still placing PHL 1092 among extreme Fe ii emitters. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) values found for low-ionization lines are very similar (FWHM ∼ 1200 km s−1), but significantly narrower than those of the hydrogen lines (FWHMH β ∼ 1900 km s−1). Our results suggest that the Fe ii emission in PHL 1092 follows the same trend as in normal Fe ii emitters, with Fe ii being formed in the outer portion of the BLR and co-spatial with Ca ii, and O i, while H β is formed closer to the central source. The flux ratio between the UV lines suggests high densities, log(nH) ∼ 13.0 cm−3, and a low ionization parameter, log(U) ∼ −3.5. The flux excess found in the Fe ii bump at 9200 Å after the subtraction of the NIR Fe ii template and its comparison with optical Fe ii emission suggests that the above physical conditions optimize the efficiency of the Ly α-fluorescence process, which was found to be the main excitation mechanism in the Fe ii production. We discuss the role of PHL 1092 in the eigenvector 1 context.
Global 3D radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations for FU Ori’s accretion disc and observational signatures of magnetic fields
Authors: Zhu Zhaohuan , Jiang Yan-Fei , Stone James M 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
FU Ori is the prototype of FU Orionis systems that are outbursting protoplanetary discs. Magnetic fields in FU Ori’s accretion discs have previously been detected using spectropolarimetry observations for Zeeman effects. We carry out global radiation ideal MHD simulations to study FU Ori’s inner accretion disc. We find that (1) when the disc is threaded by vertical magnetic fields, most accretion occurs in the magnetically dominated atmosphere at z ∼ R, similar to the ‘surface accretion’ mechanism in previous locally isothermal MHD simulations. (2) A moderate disc wind is launched in the vertical field simulations with a terminal speed of ∼300–500 km s−1 and a mass-loss rate of 1–10 per cent the disc accretion rate, which is consistent with observations. Disc wind fails to be launched in simulations with net toroidal magnetic fields. (3) The disc photosphere at the unit optical depth can be either in the wind launching region or the accreting surface region. Magnetic fields have drastically different directions and magnitudes between these two regions. Our fiducial model agrees with previous optical Zeeman observations regarding both the field directions and magnitudes. On the other hand, simulations indicate that future Zeeman observations at near-IR wavelengths or towards other FU Orionis systems may reveal very different magnetic field structures. (4) Due to energy loss by the disc wind, the disc photosphere temperature is lower than that predicted by the thin disc theory, and the previously inferred disc accretion rate may be lower than the real accretion rate by a factor of ∼2–3.
Free-form grale lens inversion of galaxy clusters with up to 1000 multiple images
Authors: Ghosh Agniva , Williams Liliya L R , Liesenborgs Jori 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
In the near future, ultra deep observations of galaxy clusters with Hubble Space Telescope or James Webb Space Telescope will uncover 300–1000 lensed multiple images, increasing the current count per cluster by up to an order of magnitude. This will further refine our view of clusters, leading to a more accurate and precise mapping of the total and dark matter distribution in clusters, and enabling a better understanding of background galaxy population and their luminosity functions. However, to effectively use that many images as input to lens inversion will require a re-evaluation of, and possibly upgrades to the existing methods. In this paper, we scrutinize the performance of the free-form lens inversion method grale in the regime of 150–1000 input images, using synthetic massive galaxy clusters. Our results show that with an increasing number of input images, grale produces improved reconstructed mass distributions, with the fraction of the lens plane recovered at better than $10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ accuracy increasing from $40\!-\!50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for ∼150 images to $65{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for ∼1000 images. The reconstructed time delays imply a more precise measurement of H0, with $\lesssim 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ bias. While the fidelity of the reconstruction improves with the increasing number of multiple images used as model constraints, ∼150 to ∼1000, the lens plane rms deteriorates from ∼0.11 to ∼0.28 arcsec. Since lens plane rms is not necessarily the best indicator of the quality of the mass reconstructions, looking for an alternative indicator is warranted.
Harnessing intrinsic fluorescence for typing of secondary structures of DNA
Authors: Zuffo Michela , Gandolfini Aurélie , Heddi Brahim , Granzhan Anton 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
High-throughput investigation of structural diversity of nucleic acids is hampered by the lack of suitable label-free methods, combining fast and cheap experimental workflow with high information content. Here, we explore the use of intrinsic fluorescence emitted by nucleic acids for this scope. After a preliminary assessment of suitability of this phenomenon for tracking conformational changes of DNA, we examined steady-state emission spectra of an 89-membered set of oligonucleotides with reported conformation (G-quadruplexes (G4s), i-motifs, single- and double-strands) by means of multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis of emission spectra resulted in successful clustering of oligonucleotides into three corresponding conformational groups, without discrimination between single- and double-stranded structures. Linear discriminant analysis was exploited for the assessment of novel sequences, allowing the evaluation of their G4-forming propensity. Our method does not require any labeling agent or dye, avoiding the related bias, and can be utilized to screen novel sequences of interest in a high-throughput and cost-effective manner. In addition, we observed that left-handed (Z-) G4 structures were systematically more fluorescent than most other G4 structures, almost reaching the quantum yield of 5′-d[(G3T)3G3]-3′ (G3T, the most fluorescent G4 structure reported to date).
Low-Dose TMP-SMX in the Treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Butler-Laporte Guillaume , Smyth Elizabeth , Amar-Zifkin Alexandre , Cheng Matthew P , McDonald Emily G , Lee Todd C 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) remains a common and highly morbid infection for immunocompromised patients. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the antimicrobial treatment of choice. However, treatment with TMP-SMX can lead to significant dose-dependent renal and hematologic adverse events. Although TMP-SMX is conventionally dosed at 15–20 mg/kg/d of trimethoprim for the treatment of PJP, reduced doses may be effective and carry an improved safety profile.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception through March 2019 for peer-reviewed studies reporting on reduced doses of TMP-SMX (15 mg/kg/d of trimethoprim or less) for the treatment of PJP. PRISMA, MOOSE, and Cochrane guidelines were followed. Gray literature was excluded.ResultsTen studies were identified, and 6 were included in the meta-analysis. When comparing standard doses with reduced doses of TMP-SMX, there was no statistically significant difference in mortality (absolute risk difference, –9% in favor of reduced dose; 95% confidence interval [CI], –27% to 8%). When compared with standard doses, reduced doses of TMP-SMX were associated with an 18% (95% CI, –31% to –5%) absolute risk reduction of grade ≥3 adverse events.ConclusionsIn this systematic review, treatment of PJP with doses of ≤10 mg/kg/d of trimethoprim was associated with similar rates of mortality when compared with standard doses and with significantly fewer treatment-emergent severe adverse events. Although limited by the observational nature of the studies included, this review provides the most current available evidence for the optimal dosing of TMP-SMX in the treatment of PJP.