bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Search of Training Gestures: What Regularities can be observed when Teaching how to Teach Written Production?
Authors: Gagnon Roxane , Laurens Véronique , Dolz Joaquim 
Published: November 2019

A partir de uma pesquisa empírica sobre as práticas de formação do professorado na Suíça que reúne 28 sequências de formação sobre a produção escrita, este artigo propõe uma visão geral dos gestos profissionais que desenvolvem os formadores ao preparar os futuros docentes. Seis grandes gestos profissionais organizam a dinâmica da formação observada e o agir do formador. Dois gestos se realizam fora das aulas: planificação e avaliação do trabalho de treinamento. Quatro gestos têm lugar no curso da implementação das sequências em presença dos docentes: conceptualização da escrita e do seu ensino e aprendizagem, mobilização das práticas e experiências da produção escrita na aula, equipar com recursos e ferramentas para o ensino a escrita, regulação das aprendizagens e das práticas dos professores. O artigo ilustra com exemplos o agir do formador no domínio da produção escrita. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram a importância do agir do formador para o desenvolvimento de competências profissionais para o ensino da produção escrita.
Palavras-chave: Práticas de formação de professores. Sequências de treinamento. Produção escrita. Gestos profissionais.
Proton Pump Inhibitors, H2 Blocker Use, and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children
Authors: Schwartz Naomi R. M. , Hutfless Susan , Herrinton Lisa J. , Amsden Laura B. , Fevrier Helene B. , Giefer Matthew , Lee Dale , Suskind David L. , Delaney Joseph A. C. , Phipps Amanda I. 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES Evidence suggests use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 blockers may provoke disease flares in individuals with established inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, there are no studies investigating the relationship of these medications with risk of developing pediatric IBD. The hypothesis was that use of acid suppression therapy in children might be associated with development of pediatric IBD.
METHODS This was a nested case-control study of 285 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members, age ≤21 years diagnosed with IBD from 1996 to 2016. Four controls without IBD were matched to each case on age, race, and membership status at the case's index date. Disease risk scores (DRS) were computed for each subject. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using conditional logistic regression models adjusted for DRS.
RESULTS The children's mean age was 15.1 ± 2.6 years and 49.5% were female. Six cases (n = 3 Crohn's disease [CD], n = 3 ulcerative colitis [UC]) and 6 controls were prescribed PPIs and 10 cases (n = 7 CD, n = 3 UC) and 28 controls were prescribed H2 blockers. The OR for the association of at least 1 PPI or H2 blocker prescription with subsequent IBD was 3.6 (95% CI, 1.1–11.7) for PPIs and 1.6 (95% CI, 0.7–3.7) for H2 blockers.
CONCLUSIONS Early-life PPI use appears to be associated with subsequent IBD risk. These findings have implications for clinical treatment of children with gastrointestinal symptoms and warrant further investigation in a larger cohort.
ARAYA V. NEVSUN RESOURCES: REMEDIES FOR VICTIMS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS COMMITTED BY CANADIAN MINING COMPANIES ABROAD
Authors: Lauzon Jolane T. 
Published: November 2019

In November 2017, the British Columbia Court of Appeal (BCCA) published its decision in the case Araya v. Nevsun Resources, dismissing the appeal filed by Nevsun, and allowing the lawsuit to move forward to the merits stage of the procedure. This decision was ground-breaking since the plaintiffs were suing Nevsun Resources, a Canadian mining company, for its alleged complicity in the use of forced labor, slavery, torture, inhuman or degrading treatment, and crimes against humanity at the Bisha Mine in Eritrea, a mine belonging to Nevsun. In its decision, the BCCA rejected the three main arguments put forward by Nevsun to get the case dismissed: (1) the forum non conveniens doctrine; (2) the Act of State doctrine and (3) the lack of private law cause of action against corporations for the violations of customary international law principles. In this context, this article offers an analysis of the most significant cases brought before Canadian Courts in regard to Canadian mining companies’ corporate social responsibility. It also relies on two influential cases from the U.S. Supreme Court: Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum and Jesner v. Arab Bank. Finally, it looks at the common challenges faced by foreign victims when they seek to bring lawsuits against transnational corporations and it briefly suggests that common law courts should adopt a new duty of care to address businesses’ corporate liability for violations of human rights.
JOURNALISTIC FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND CONTEMPT PROCEEDINGS AT THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
Authors: Cubbon John 
Published: November 2019

The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has addressed the limits to journalistic freedom of expression more frequently and in more detail than other tribunals that resemble it. In its Rules of Procedure and Evidence a broadly common law concept of contempt of the Tribunal was adopted. The jurisprudence of the ICTY establishes that a violation of a court order as such constitutes an interference with its administration of justice and that it is not for a party or a third person to determine when an order “is serving the International Tribunal’s administration of justice”. The Tribunal has also held that the disclosure of confidential evidence by another third party does not mean either that this information is no longer protected or that the relevant court order has been de facto lifted or that its violation will not interfere with the Tribunal’s administration of justice. In deciding whether a restriction of the right of a journalist to freedom of expression was justified, the Appeals Chamber considered whether it was provided by law and whether it was proportionate and necessary for the protection of public order. The jurisprudence of the ICTY in this area is relevant to the practice of other international and internationalized criminal courts because of the similarity of their rules and the comparable impediments to the enforcement of their orders.
L’éthos entrepreneurial de jeunes Européens à Mexico
Authors: Angrignon-Girouard Émilie 
Published: November 2019

L’article présente une réflexion sur l’entrepreneuriat de petite taille en contexte de mobilité « Nord-Sud ». Il se penche sur le cas de jeunes Européens, âgés de 25 à 35 ans, de classe moyenne et oeuvrant dans la métropole de Mexico, en s’appuyant sur les résultats préliminaires d’une recherche ethnographique combinant observations et entrevues semi-dirigées. Ces résultats suggèrent qu’un éthos entrepreneurial valorisant l’autonomie, la créativité et l’innovation est au coeur des projets professionnels de ces jeunes. Alors que la littérature sur l’entrepreneuriat en contexte migratoire se concentre sur les liens familiaux, ethniques et transnationaux développés par les migrants, cet article démontre que le projet entrepreneurial des participants prend forme plutôt à travers l’expression de leur individualité.
Discours de jeunes issus de groupes minoritaires sur les inégalités scolaires au Québec
Authors: Magnan Marie-Odile , Pilote Annie , Collins Tya , Kamanzi Pierre Canisius 
Published: November 2019

Au Canada, malgré la massification de l’enseignement supérieur, des inégalités de persévérance persistent. Au Québec, des recherches ont permis d’identifier les régions de provenance des jeunes pour lesquels le taux de décrochage au secondaire et au postsecondaire est plus élevé, entre autres les Caraïbes et l’Amérique centrale et du Sud. Dans cette étude qualitative, une analyse inductive et rétrospective des récits de vie de 24 jeunes fréquentant le postsecondaire à Montréal, dont les parents sont nés dans les Caraïbes ou en Amérique latine, a été réalisée. Notre analyse critique relève les effets inégalitaires perçus de l’action scolaire et de l’environnement sur leur vécu. En conclusion, des pistes de réflexion sont évoquées afin de développer de manière systémique des pratiques d’équité.
Research is born free and everywhere is in chains
Authors: Terry Robert Fraser 
Published: November 2019

The open access movement has come a long way since its origins at the end of the 1990s but we still haven’t achieved the tipping point to make the open access approach, the normal approach. Why are initiatives such as Plan S needed and why did the World Health Organization feel it necessary to join?
This talk will draw on experiences at Wellcome Trust and WHO, implementing the first open access policy for a European Research funder, creating Europe PubMed Central and developing a policy that works for a United Nations agency. Robert will outline why achieving open access requires addressing barriers across political, technical and cultural barriers – with perhaps the culture of research assessment and reward needing the biggest change if we are to truly democratise science so that the people who pay for the research, the taxpayers, can access, read and use the research.
Short-term vasoactive agent treatment driven by physicians’ preference in acute esophageal variceal bleeding in a tertiary center
Authors: Chuah Yoen Young , Hsu Ping-I , Tsai Wei-Lun , Yu Hsien-Chung , Tsay Feng-Woei , Chen Wen-Chi , Lin Kung Hung , Lee Yeong Yeh , Wang Huay-Min 
Published: November 2019

Background
Vasoactive drugs are frequently used in combination with endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) in treatment of acute esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB). The aim of study was to assess physicians’ preference of vasoactive agents in acute EVB, their reasons of preference and efficacy and safety of these short course regimens.

Methods
Cirrhotic patients with suspected EVB were screened (n = 352). Eligible patients were assigned based on the physician’s preference to either somatostatin (group S) or terlipressin (group T) followed by EVL. In group S, intravenous bolus (250 µg) of somatostatin followed by 250 µg/hour was continued for three days. In group T, 2 mg bolus injection of terlipressin was followed by 1 mg infusion every 6 h for three days.

Results
A total of 150 patients were enrolled; 41 in group S and 109 in group T. Reasons for physician preference was convenience in administration (77.1%) for group T and good safety profile (73.2%) for group S. Very early rebleeding within 49–120 h occurred in one patient in groups S and T (p = 0.469). Four patients in group S and 14 patients in group T have variceal rebleeding episodes within 6–42 d (p = 0.781). Overall treatment-related adverse effects were compatible in groups S and T (p = 0.878), but the total cost of terlipressin and somatostatin differed i.e., USD 621.32 and USD 496.43 respectively.

Conclusions
Terlipressin is the preferred vasoactive agent by physicians in our institution for acute EVB. Convenience in administration and safety profile are main considerations of physicians. Safety and hemostatic effects did not differ significantly between short-course somatostatin or terlipressin, although terlipressin is more expensive.
On some Ternary Linear Codes and Designs obtained from the Projective Special Linear Goup PSL3(4)
Authors: Kariuki Yvonne W. , Onyango Ojiema M. , Immaculate Okombo M. 
Published: November 2019

Let (G, ∗) be a group and X any set, an action of a group G on X, denoted as G×X → X, (g, x) 7→ g.x, assigns to each element in G a transformation of X that is compatible with the group structure of G. If G has a subgroup H then there is a transitive group action of G on the set (G/H) of the right co-sets of H by right multiplication. A representation of a group G on a vector space V carries the dimension of the vector space. Now, given a field F and a finite group G, there is a bijective correspondence between the representations of G on the finitedimensional F-vector spaces and finitely generated FG-modules. We use the FG -modules to construct linear ternary codes and combinatorial designs from the permutation representations of the group L3(4). We investigate the properties and parameters of these codes and designs.
We further obtain the lattice structures of the sub-modules and compare these ternary codes with the binary codes constructed from the same group.
Molecular Relationship among Mangifera indica L. (Mango) Varieties Using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Marker
Authors: Ajayi I. I. , Olawuyi O. J. , Ayodele A. E. , Faneye A. O. 
Published: November 2019

This study established phylogenetic relationships among mango varieties collected from NIHORT, Ogbomosho, Saki, Oyo, Isehin and Ibadan using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers with a view of determining their polymorphism, gene and allelic diversities. Sweet Mango UI Acc-3 had the highest total genomic DNA of 1379.00µl, while OYOM ACC-5 had the lowest concentration of 0.9 gl from total genomic DNA of 0.25. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 4 with an average of 2.50 alleles per locus in which the highest allelic frequency of 0.97 was recorded for EF 592217 and EF 59210 primers. However, Primer SSR20 had the highest information of polymorphic at 57.57% and highest gene diversity of 0.64. The result from the dendrogram showed that out of the three major clusters generated, the second delineated the highest number of 12 varieties in which Ogbomosho Mango Acc-2 (OGBM ACC-2) branched out at a distance of 0.15 from other varieties. Sweet Mango UI 3, Ogbomosho Mango Acc-2 (OGBM ACC-2), Julie Mango are potential future breeding accessions while Primer SSR20 could therefore be considered for further molecular breeding of other mango varieties and other tree crops in the Mangifera family.
Constraints and Suggestions Expressed by the Farmers in Availing Crop Insurance Schemes in Northern Karnataka
Authors: Jamanal S. K. , Natikar K. V. , Potdar M. P. 
Published: November 2019

Crop insurance is one of the methods by which farmers can stabilize farm income, investment and guard against disastrous effect of losses due to natural hazards or low market prices. Crop insurance not only stabilizes the farm income but also helps the farmers to initiate production activity after a bad agricultural year. The study was conducted in Karnataka State during 2017-18 by using “Ex-post- facto” research design. Belgavi, Dharwad, Haveri and Vijayapura districts were selected purposely based on more number of insured farmers. Further, two taluks from each district and from each taluk three villages (i.e. total 24 villages) were selected randomly. Sample size for the study was 240. Purposive sampling procedure was used. The data collected from respondents were tabulated and analyzed by using Garrett’s Ranking Technique. The findings of the study revealed that, delay in getting the claim was the prime constraint faced by the insured farmers with a highest Garret Score (GS) of 73.53 and ranked as first (I), followed by inadequate compensation (GS-61.51 and Rank-II) and officials bias in loss assessment (GS-56.42 and Rank-III). With respect to suggestions given by the farmers were, claim should be dispersed before starting of the next season with utmost priority by farmers with a Garret Score of 75.70 and ranked first (I), followed by creation of separate insurance cell at Block / Taluk level (GS-66.40 & Rank-II) and more number of trainings need to be organized on Crop Insurance Scheme (GS-54.91 & Rank-III). The study brought out various constraints faced by the farmers related to Crop Insurance Schemes. Thus, concerned officers should approach the State Government to make sincere efforts to pay the claim before the start of next season and conduct more number of training and awareness programmes. Non-loanee farmers also should be encouraged by simplifying the online registration process and making the ‘Samrakshane Portal’ farmer friendly.
Cytotoxic activity of methanolic fractions of different Marrubium spp. against melanoma cells is independent of antioxidant activity and total phenolic content
Authors: Kozyra Malgorzata , Korga Agnieszka , Ostrowska Marta , Humeniuk Ewelina , Adamczuk Grzegorz , Gieroba Renata , Makuch‐Kocka Anna , Dudka Jaroslaw 
Published: November 2019

The Marrubium genus (horehound) has proved to be an abundant source of biologically active compounds, but there is little knowledge about its potential anticancer activity. Moreover, some Marrubium species have not been the subject of study in this regard. In this study, we performed comparative analysis of phenolic acid (PhA) content and total phenolic content in fractions obtained from methanolic extracts of Marrubium vulgare L. (common horehound), Marrubium cylleneum Boiss. & Heldr. and Marrubium friwaldskyanum Boiss herbs. We examined the cytotoxicity of these fractions against a human melanoma cancer cell line (A375) and normal human skin fibroblasts (BJ) using a 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide test, cell cycle analysis and real‐time monitoring of cell viability. We detected caffeic, p‐coumaric, ferulic and gentisic acids among the PhAs. Although the extracts obtained demonstrated low total phenolic content and did not show significant antioxidative properties, the nonhydrolyzed PhA fraction exhibited cytotoxic activity against a human melanoma cancer cell line, without affecting normal fibroblasts. Both acidic and alkaline hydrolysis abolished this activity, indicating that the esterified forms of phenolic compounds caused the observed cytotoxic effects. Further investigation of these compounds may facilitate the development of novel drugs for cancer treatment.
Lease termination and residential movement by households under the housing lease program for disaster victims in Iwate Prefecture
Authors: Meno Fumitake 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFollowing the Great East Japan Earthquake, the housing lease program for disaster victims provided private rental houses as temporary housing to those affected by the earthquake. Many victims had to change the municipalities in which they lived when they moved into these rental houses. To examine the influence of these movements on where rebuilding occurred, data concerning lease terminations in this program in Iwate Prefecture were analyzed. Approximately 80% of the households left the leased houses, generally 2 or 6 years after the disaster. A total of 60% of households that moved to other municipalities under this lease program have not returned to their original municipalities.
A Pyrene–Poly(acrylic acid)–Polyrotaxane Supramolecular Binder Network for High‐Performance Silicon Negative Electrodes
Authors: Cho Yunshik , Kim Jaemin , Elabd Ahmed , Choi Sunghun , Park Kiho , Kwon Tae‐woo , Lee Jungmin , Char Kookheon , Coskun Ali , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough being incorporated in commercial lithium‐ion batteries for a while, the weight portion of silicon monoxide (SiOx, x ≈ 1) is only less than 10 wt% due to the insufficient cycle life. Along this line, polymeric binders that can assist in maintaining the mechanical integrity and interfacial stability of SiOx electrodes are desired to realize higher contents of SiOx. Herein, a pyrene–poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)–polyrotaxane (PR) supramolecular network is reported as a polymeric binder for SiOx with 100 wt%. The noncovalent functionalization of a carbon coating layer on the SiOx is achieved by using a hydroxylated pyrene derivative via the π–π stacking interaction, which simultaneously enables hydrogen bonding interactions with the PR–PAA network through its hydroxyl moiety. Moreover, the PR's ring sliding while being crosslinked to PAA endows a high elasticity to the entire polymer network, effectively buffering the volume expansion of SiOx and largely mitigating the electrode swelling. Based on these extraordinary physicochemical properties of the pyrene–PAA–PR supramolecular binder, the robust cycling of SiOx electrodes is demonstrated at commercial levels of areal loading in both half‐cell and full‐cell configurations.
Optically Pumped Lasing from Hybrid Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Hoyeon , Roh Kwangdong , Murphy John P. , Zhao Lianfeng , Gunnarsson William B. , Longhi Elena , Barlow Stephen , Marder Seth R. , Rand Barry P. , Giebink Noel C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElectrically pumped lasing from hybrid organic–inorganic metal‐halide perovskite semiconductors could lead to nonepitaxial diode lasers that are tunable throughout the visible and near‐infrared spectrum; however, a viable laser diode architecture has not been demonstrated to date. Here, an important step toward this goal is achieved by demonstrating two distinct distributed feedback light‐emitting diode architectures that achieve low threshold, optically pumped lasing. Bottom‐ and top‐emitting perovskite light‐emitting diodes are fabricated on glass and Si substrates, respectively, using a polydimethylsiloxane stamp in the latter case to nanoimprint a second‐order distributed feedback grating directly into the methylammonium lead iodide active layer. The devices exhibit room temperature thresholds as low as ≈6 µJ cm−2, a peak external quantum efficiency of ≈0.1%, and a maximum current density of ≈2 A cm−2 that is presently limited by degradation associated with excessive leakage current. In this low current regime, electrical injection does not adversely affect the optical pump threshold, leading to a projected threshold current density of ≈2 kA cm−2. Operation at low temperature can significantly decrease this threshold, but must overcome extrinsic carrier freeze‐out in the doped organic transport layers to maintain a reasonable drive voltage.
Broadband CrOCl Saturable Absorber with a Spectral Region Extension to 10.6 µm
Authors: Wang Mengxia , Zhang Jian , Wang Zhengping , Wang Ci , van Smaalen Sander , Xiao Hang , Chen Xi , Du Chenlin , Xu Xinguang , Tao Xutang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNonlinear optical (NLO) materials with saturable absorption have attracted increasing attention because of their broad applications in the fields of optical communication, materials processing, biological detection, and surgery. However, their development is limited in the mid‐infrared (IR) range due to a lack of available materials with a wideband NLO response. Herein, the optical properties and applications of the transition metal oxychloride CrOCl, which has a broadband transparent region (0.8–18 µm) and a high laser damaged threshold, are studied. The saturable absorption of CrOCl is characterized at 1.06, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 10.6 µm with nanosecond lasers by the Z‐scan method. With CrOCl as the saturable absorber (SA), passively Q‐switched solid‐state lasers are successfully realized at 1.06, 1.33, and 1.87 µm. This study is the first to report the use of a Cr3+ material as an optical SA. The high transmittance and wideband NLO response of CrOCl indicate that CrOCl can be an excellent NLO IR material with extensive application potential in photonics.