bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foster rather than biological parental telomere length predicts offspring survival and telomere length in king penguins
Authors: Viblanc Vincent A. , Schull Quentin , Stier Antoine , Durand Laureline , Lefol Emilie , Robin Jean‐Patrice , Zahn Sandrine , Bize Pierre , Criscuolo François 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBecause telomere length and dynamics relate to individual growth, reproductive investment and survival, telomeres have emerged as possible markers of individual quality. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, in species with parental care, parental telomere length can be a marker of parental quality that predicts offspring phenotype and survival. In king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), we experimentally swapped the single egg of 66 breeding pairs just after egg laying to disentangle the contribution of prelaying parental quality (e.g., genetics, investment in the egg) and/or postlaying parental quality (e.g., incubation, postnatal feeding rate) on offspring growth, telomere length and survival. Parental quality was estimated through the joint effects of biological and foster parent telomere length on offspring traits, both soon after hatching (day 10) and at the end of the prewinter growth period (day 105). We expected that offspring traits would be mostly related to the telomere lengths (i.e., quality) of biological parents at day 10 and to the telomere lengths of foster parents at day 105. Results show that chick survival up to 10 days was negatively related to biological fathers’ telomere length, whereas survival up to 105 days was positively related to foster fathers’ telomere lengths. Chick growth was not related to either biological or foster parents’ telomere length. Chick telomere length was positively related to foster mothers’ telomere length at both 10 and 105 days. Overall, our study shows that, in a species with biparental care, parents’ telomere length is foremost a proxy of postlaying parental care quality, supporting the “telomere – parental quality hypothesis.”
Dilating and contracting arbitrarily
Authors: Builes David , Horowitz Sophie , Schoenfield Miriam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStandard accuracy‐based approaches to imprecise credences have the consequence that it is rational to move between precise and imprecise credences arbitrarily, without gaining any new evidence. Building on the Educated Guessing Framework of Horowitz (2019), we develop an alternative accuracy‐based approach to imprecise credences that does not have this shortcoming. We argue that it is always irrational to move from a precise state to an imprecise state arbitrarily, however it can be rational to move from an imprecise state to a precise state arbitrarily.
S‐ICD lead dislodgement in a young isometric athlete: A rare complication
Authors: Bissolino Arianna , Andreis Alessandro , Magnano Massimo , Budano Carlo , Castagno Davide , Golzio Pier Giorgio , Giustetto Carla , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD) is an alternative to transvenous ICD in patients who do not need cardiac pacing. We report the case of a young isometric athlete who received S‐ICD for primary prevention of sudden death. Lead dislodgement and myopotential noise oversensing during isometric training led to inappropriate shock, and a surgical revision was performed. During the procedure, strong fibrous adhesions were found, requiring polytetrafluoroethylene dilator sheaths. The S‐ICD was finally reimplanted. Despite continued isometric training, no more myopotential oversensing occurred after 1‐year follow‐up. The present case highlights the possible higher risks of lead complication in an isometric athlete and the uncommon effort in removing an old‐generation subcutaneous defibrillator lead.
Opposing Energy Transitions: Modeling the Contested Nature of Energy Transitions in the Electricity Sector
Authors: Stefes Christoph H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnergy transitions are fiercely contested. The incumbents of the fossil‐ and nuclear‐based energy systems have much to lose from a transition to a sustainable and decentralized energy system. They therefore employ their material and political resources to reverse, halt, or slow down this transition. They also attempt to stop and reverse the decentralization of energy production. This article provides a framework that can be used to analyze the contestation that surrounds energy transitions. The analytical framework breaks apart the macro paths of energy transitions, and differentiates between three meso‐paths (political, economic‐technological, and legitimation), emphasizes the feedback processes between these paths, and acknowledges the crucial role that actors play in engendering these feedback processes. It uses Germany as a case study to illustrate the analytical model. It also provides hypotheses that will be tested in the subsequent contributions to this special issue.
On the asymmetric effects of exchange‐rate volatility on trade flows: Evidence from US–UK Commodity Trade
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Huynh Toan Luu Duc , Nasir Muhammad Ali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe consider the response of each of the 67 industries that trade between the United States and United Kingdom to the volatility of the real dollar–pound exchange rate. When we follow previous research and estimate a linear ARDL model for each industry, we find short‐run effects of volatility in 22 US exporting industries to the United Kingdom that last into the long run only in nine industries. As for the UK exports to the United States, we find short‐run effects in 18 industries that last into the long run in 15 industries. However, when we estimate a nonlinear model for each industry, we find short‐run effects of volatility on 41 US exporting industries and on 43 UK exporting industries, all in an asymmetric manner. Short‐run asymmetric effects lasted into long‐run asymmetric effects in 24 US exporting industries to the United Kingdom and in 33 UK exporting industries to the United States. While total trade shares of industries from the linear models were negligible, those of the industries from the nonlinear models were significant in size, in the tune of one‐third of the trade.
ZIF-67 Derived Cu-Doped Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Haider M. Daarain , Iqbal Naseem , Rizvi Syed Aun M. , Noor Tayyaba , Hanif Saadia , Anwar Rehan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the catalytic activity of copper-loaded cobalt-based metal–organic framework (ZIF-67) composites was studied for their electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The Cu-ZIF-67 composite was prepared by the solvothermal method. After pyrolysis under argon atmosphere at 700 °C, the composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical activity of the composites was tested for ORR in 0.1 M alkaline media using the three-electrode system by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Tafel plots, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The composites showed variable activity with a current density of 1.32 mA cm−2 at 0.71 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) onset potential for 70 wt% Cu-ZIF-67, 7.5 mA cm−2 at 0.82 V (versus RHE) onset potential for 50 wt% Cu-ZIF-67, and 11.85 mA cm−2 at 0.85 V (versus RHE) for 30% Cu-ZIF-67. The increasing ratio of the ZIF-67 effect can be attributed to the increased activity of ZIF-67 with the synergistic effect of Cu toward increased current density.
Self-Support Topology Optimization With Horizontal Overhangs for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Liu Jikai , Yu Huangchao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Most of the existing self-support topology optimization methods restrict the overhang inclination angle to be larger than the self-support threshold value. However, for some additive manufacturing processes, such as fused deposition modeling, horizontal overhangs with zero inclination angle could be successfully printed while the overhang size plays a key role in determining the printability. Therefore, the self-support threshold condition should be re-developed to comprehensively consider the overhang size and inclination angle. At the same time, there raises the challenges of formulating the self-support constraints based on the new threshold condition. To address this difficulty, a novel method is proposed in this work to realize the design with horizontal overhangs. To be specific, the new method employs a skeleton-based structure decomposition approach to divide the structure into components based on the connectivity condition. Then, each component will be evaluated about its self-support status based on its overhang length and inclination angle. Finally, the self-support constraint will be activated only for those components that violate the threshold condition. An excellent feature of the method is that it can be adapted to address the only inclination angle self-support condition, or the comprehensive self-support condition that simultaneously considers the overhang length and inclination angle. Therefore, the new method serves for general applications to different additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Numerical examples will be studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
'Team capital’ in quality improvement teams: findings from an ethnographic study of front-line quality improvement in the NHS
Authors: Montgomery Catherine , Parkin Stephen , Chisholm Alison , Locock Louise 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundTeamwork is important in the design and delivery of initiatives in complex healthcare systems but the specifics of quality improvement (QI) teams are not well studied.ObjectiveTo explain the functioning of front-line healthcare teams working on patient-centred QI using Bourdieu’s sociological construct of capital.MethodsOne medical ward from each of six NHS Trusts in England participated in the study, purposively selected for a range of performance levels on patient experience metrics. Three ethnographers conducted focused ethnography for 1 year, using interviews and observations to explore the organisation, management and delivery of patient-centred QI projects by the six front-line teams. Data were analysed using Bourdieu’s typology of the four forms of capital: economic, social, symbolic and cultural.ResultsWhile all teams implemented some QI activities to improve patient experience, progress was greater where teams included staff from a broad range of disciplines and levels of seniority. Teams containing both clinical and non-clinical staff, including staff on lower grades such as healthcare assistants and clerks, engaged more confidently with patient experience data than unidisciplinary teams, and implemented a more ambitious set of projects. We explain these findings in terms of ‘team capital’.ConclusionTeams that chose to restrict membership to particular disciplines appeared to limit their capital, whereas more varied teams were able to draw on multiple resources, skills, networks and alliances to overcome challenges. Staff of varying levels of seniority also shared and valued a broader range of insights into patient experience, including informal knowledge from daily practice. The construct of ‘team capital’ has the potential to enrich understanding of the mechanism of teamwork in QI work.
Unraveling the Essential Effects of Flocculation on Large-Scale Sediment Transport Patterns in a Tide-Dominated Estuary
Authors: Horemans Dante M. L. , Dijkstra Yoeri M. , Schuttelaars Henk M. , Meire Patrick , Cox Tom J. S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSediment transport in estuaries and the formation of estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM) highly depend on the ability of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to flocculate into larger aggregates. While most literature focuses on the small-scale impact of biological flocculants on the formation of larger aggregates, the influence of the flocculation process on large-scale estuarine SPM profiles is still largely unknown. In this paper, we study the impact of flocculation of SPM on the formation of ETM. For this, a semianalytical width-integrated model called iFlow is utilized and extended by a flocculation model. Starting from a complex one-class flocculation model, we show that flocculation may be described as a linear relation between settling velocity and suspended sediment concentration to capture its leading-order effect on the ETM formation. The model is applied to a winter case in the Scheldt estuary (Belgium, Netherlands) and calibrated to a unique, long-term, two-dimensional set of turbidity (cf. SPM) observations. First, model results with and without the effect of flocculation are compared, showing that the spatial and temporal variations of the settling velocity due to flocculation are essential to reproduce the observed magnitude of the suspended sediment concentrations and its dependence on river discharge. Second, flocculation results in tidally averaged land-inward sediment transport. Third, we conduct a sensitivity analysis of the freshwater discharge and floc breakup parameter, which shows that flocculation can cause additional estuarine turbidity maxima and can prevent flushing of the ETM for high freshwater inflow.
Developing best practice guidelines for the psychosocial assessment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people presenting to hospital with self-harm and suicidal thoughts
Authors: Leckning Bernard , Hirvonen Tanja , Armstrong Gregory , Carey Timothy A , Westby Mark , Ringbauer Alix , Robinson Gary 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To develop guidelines for the culturally responsive psychosocial assessment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people presenting to hospital with self-harm and suicidal thoughts. Method: The Delphi method was used to establish expert consensus. A systematic search and review of relevant research literature, existing guidelines and grey literature was undertaken to develop a 286-item questionnaire. The questionnaire contained best practice statements to guide clinicians undertaking psychosocial assessment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people presenting to hospital with self-harm and suicidal thoughts. An expert panel comprising 28 individuals with clinical, community-based and lived experience in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and/or suicide prevention were recruited and independently rated the items over three rounds. Statements endorsed as essential or important by 90% or more of the expert panel were then synthesised into recommendations for the best practice guideline document. Results: A total of 226 statements across all relevant areas of clinical practice were endorsed. No statements covering the use of structured assessment tools were endorsed. The endorsed statements informed the development of a set of underlying principles of culturally competent practice and recommendations for processes of effective and appropriate engagement; risks, needs and strengths to be assessed; formulation of psychosocial assessment; and recommendations specific to children and young people. Conclusion: The guidelines are based on recommendations endorsed across a range of expertise to address an important gap in the evidence-base for clinically effective and culturally responsive assessment of self-harm and suicidal thoughts by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in hospital settings. Further work is needed to develop an implementation strategy and evaluate the recommendations in practice.
Clinical characteristics of moderate–severe obsessive–compulsive disorder in children and adolescents in China
Authors: Luo Liyuan , Feng Bin , Yang Senjun , Zhang Ning , Qiu Shengliang 
Published: May 2020

Objective This study reports clinical characteristic of moderate–severe obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) among school students in China. Methods We examined 153 patients for the distribution of OCD symptoms using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Symptoms Checklist, the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale-24, respectively, and impairment in learning, family and social functions using the Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire. Results The number of total OCD, obsession and compulsion symptoms was 6.71 (standard deviation [SD] = 2.25), 3.77 (SD = 1.32) and 2.94 (SD = 1.59), respectively. The incidence of moderate and severe depressive symptoms for junior high school students was significantly higher than for primary and high school students. The number of children and adolescents with OCD increased with age, reaching a peak in the senior high school stage. Conclusion The most common symptoms in children and adolescent OCD patients are miscellaneous obsessions, aggressiveness, religiousness, checking, miscellaneous compulsions, cleaning-washing and repeating. These patients show a relatively high co-occurrence rate of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms, which impairs their learning, as well as their family and social functions.
Prevalence of stress urinary incontinence and its impact on quality of life among women in Jordan: a correlational study
Authors: Sawaqed Fadi , Al Kharabsheh Ahlam , Tout Mohammad , Zaidan Mohammad , Khashram Hasan , AlShunaigat Nadeem 
Published: May 2020

Objective The study investigated the prevalence and impact of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) among women in Jordan. Methods A correlational study was conducted to evaluate 500 Jordanian women aged >20 years. Women with symptoms of dementia, delirium, neurodegenerative changes and osteodegenerative changes were excluded. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires (Arabic version of the Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) short forms). Results A total of 200 (40%) women reported SUI; 47% reported mild symptoms, 37% reported moderate symptoms and 16% reported severe symptoms. There were positive correlations between SUI prevalence and number of pregnancies, age and obesity. SUI had a substantial impact on all aspects of quality of life (QoL), as assessed by the IIQ-7. Conclusions A moderate prevalence of SUI was reported. There was a significant association between development of SUI and age, higher body mass index and number of pregnancies. Because SUI is highly prevalent and has a major effect on QoL, healthcare professionals should inquire about this condition and refer patients to related specialties for treatment.
Reconstructing forked corpus spongiosum to correct glans droop in distal/midshaft hypospadias repair
Authors: Zhang Bin , Bi Yunli , Ruan Shuangsui 
Published: May 2020

Purpose We reviewed our experience and efficacy of reconstruction of a forked corpus spongiosum (FCS) to correct glans droop in distal/midshaft hypospadias repair. Methods Eighty-five consecutive patients who underwent distal/midshaft hypospadias repair by the same surgeon in our center from October 2015 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were accompanied by different degrees of glans droop, which we corrected by cutting off and reconstructing the FCS along the plate. We recorded the degrees of glans droop, development of the FCS, and postoperative complications including residual chordee, fistula, diverticulum, glans dehiscence, meatus stenosis, and urethral stricture. Results The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 37 months (mean, 19.7 months). Two patients (2.3%) developed a coronal fistula and underwent a second repair. Two patients (2.3%) developed a mild urethral diverticulum and underwent continued observation. One patient (1.2%) developed a meatus stenosis that resolved after 1 month of meatus expansion combined with external mometasone furoate. No patients developed postoperative residual chordee or urethral stricture. Conclusions The degree of glans droop is closely associated with the development of an FCS. Reconstructing the FCS to correct the glans droop can yield satisfactory outcomes and should be popularized in distal/midshaft hypospadias repair.
Surfacing the social factors early: A sociotechnical approach to the design of a future submarine
Authors: Boeing Alexandra Amy , Jorristma Karina , Griffin Mark A , Parker Sharon K 
Published: May 2020

Socially oriented approaches to work systems design are increasingly important as new and disruptive technologies become more prevalent. Existing approaches used by organisations to integrate such technologies are often techno-centric and do not adequately consider human issues. Sociotechnical systems (STS) tools are intended to ensure that the technical and organisational aspects of a system are considered together, and given equal attention. However, they are predominately applied late in the design process, limiting their impact. In this article, we outline an STS approach to the early-phase development of a complex work system. The case study illuminates how an STS approach can facilitate the inclusion of socially oriented factors into the design process. We close with recommendations to guide the early-phase application of STS principles in other industries and contexts. JEL Classification: C93, D02
Differences in the expression of the renin angiotensin system and the kallikrein-kinin system during the course of myocardial infarction in male and female Wistar rats
Authors: Flores-Monroy Jazmín , Lezama-Martínez Diego , Fonseca-Coronado Salvador , Martínez-Aguilar Luisa 
Published: May 2020

Background: There is some evidence that components of the renin-angiotensin system and kallikrein-kinin system are not similarly regulated in both sexes. The aim of this work was to analyze the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin 1 receptor, angiotensin 2 receptor, beta-1 receptor, and beta-2 receptor during the evolution of myocardial infarction. Methods: Thirty-six male and 36 female Wistar rats were used. Myocardial infarction was induced. Six groups of both sexes were formed, ( n=6): (a) sham; (b) 48 h myocardial infarction; (c) one week myocardial infarction; (d) two weeks myocardial infarction; (e) three weeks myocardial infarction and (f) four weeks myocardial infarction. The expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction on the penumbra of left ventricle. Results: The mRNA expression of most biomarkers was lower in females than in males. During acute infarction, an increase of all protein expression was found in female and at two weeks while in the male only biomarker changes occurred at three weeks. In addition, in male biomarkers mRNA expression decreased during chronic infarction while in females it did not. Conclusions: The renin-angiotensin system and kallikrein-kinin system biomarkers expression occurs at earlier times in the female than in the male rat. In addition, during chronic myocardial infarction these biomarkers remained unchanged in females while in males they decreased.