bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Animal Glue on Mechanical Properties of Painting Canvases
Authors: Duggan Hannah , Strlic Matija , Grau-Bove Josep 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Glues derived from animal products have been used in the preparation and conservation of painting canvas for hundreds of years. However, it is not clear how exactly these adhesives contribute to the mechanical strength of a canvas and how this contribution changes with time. This comparative study looks at the effect of age, thickness, and type of animal glue on the mechanical reinforcement the glues provide to canvas. Isinglass, rabbit skin, bovine hide and bone glue are compared. The mechanical strength of the canvas and glue system have been measured with a tensile test. The influence of glue on the tensile response of canvas has been observed in the slope of the initial region of the stress-strain curve for these samples. This region has been identified as the initial load-bearing region which corresponds to the glue coating. The major contributing factor to change mechanical reinforcement of canvas is found to be the degradation of the glue, however the type of glue used plays a small role as does the thickness of the glue applied.
Association Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Chinese: The Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Cao Xue , Tang Zhe , Zhang Jie , Li Haibin , Singh Manjot , Sun Fei , Li Xiaochun , Li Changwei , Wang Youxin , Guo Xiuhua , Zheng Deqiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Contradictory conclusions of association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were reported in different populations. This study aimed to clarify the effect of HDL-C on the risk of T2DM incidence using a cohort lasting for 25-year follow-up.Methods: This study included 1462 community residents aged 55 or above, excluding subjects with diabetes at baseline. Incident cases of T2DM were ascertained by self-reported T2DM or fasting plasma glucose testing. The data were collected in nine surveys held between the years 1992 to 2017. Cox regression and the Fine-Gray model were applied to evaluate the relationship between HDL-C levels and the risk of T2DM incidence.Results: 120 participants developed new diabetes during follow-up period. There was a significant negative association between HDL-C levels and the risk of newly on-set T2DM. The incidences of T2DM decreased with the increasing quartile ranges of HDL-C levels, which were 12.60, 9.70, 5.38 and 5.22 per 1000 person-years, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were 0.78 (0.50-1.23), 0.51 (0.29-0.90) and 0.47 (0.26-0.84) for subjects with baseline HDL-C levels in ranges of 1.15-1.39, 1.40-1.69 and ≥ 1.70 mmol/L, compared with ones in the range of < 1.15 mmol/L. Similar decreased HRs of T2DM for elevated HDL-C levels were observed in time-dependent Cox regression and other sensitivity analyses.Conclusion: Higher HDL-C levels were independently related to the lower risk of the newly-onset T2DM among the elderly in China.
Factors Influencing Unintended Pregnancies among Childbearing Age Women in Indonesia
Authors: Laksono Agung Dwi , Wulandari Ratna Dwi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Unintended pregnancy can cause pregnancy termination, which leads to safety risks. The purpose of the study was to analyze the factors that influence unintended pregnancies in Indonesia.Methods: The analysis unit was women aged 15-49 years old who gave birth to the last 5 years. The sample size was 36,472 women. In addition to unintended pregnancy as the dependent variable, other variables analyzed were the place of residence, age, education, husband/partner, employment, wealth, parity, pregnancy termination, the person deciding woman's access to health care, heard about family planning messages on radio, television, and newspaper/magazines. The final stage analysis uses binary logistic regression.Results: Women in urban areas were 1.834 times more likely than women in rural areas to experience an unintended pregnancy. The 20-24 age group was 0.202 times more than the 15-19, while the 45-49 was 1.916 times compared to the 15-19 to experience an unintended pregnancy. Secondary education women were 1.447 times more likely than no education women, while the poorer women were 1.190 times more likely than the poorest women to experience an unintended pregnancy. Parity was found to be a strong determinant of unintended pregnancy. History of pregnancy, decision making by husbandpartner, and heard about family planning messages on radio and television in the last few months are risk factors for unintended pregnancy.Conclusions: Eight variables affect unintended pregnancy, namely age, education, wealth, parity, pregnancy termination, the person deciding woman's access to health care, and heard about family planning messages on radio and television.
High neutrophil, low lymphocyte and hemoglobin unfavorably impact survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases
Authors: Li Wang , Qu Yanli , Wen Fengyun , He Xiaoyi , Jia Hongying , Liu Hangyu , Yu Hong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Brain metastases (BM) from NSCLC has emerged as an increasingly corresponding clinical problem. Precise prognostic evaluation is the basis for personalized medicine. This study sought to investigate prognostic values of clinical and hematological indicators for NSCLC patients with BM in the real world, which could further help guide survivorship care in the actual clinical setting and clinical trials.
Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and hematological indicators of NSCLC patients with BM treated with whole-brain radiotherapy. Receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to evaluate the optimal cut-off point. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate survival.
Results

105 patients were included and median survival was 21 months (range: 1–64 months). Univariate analyses demonstrated that favorable survival was associated with resection history of NSCLC (P = 0.015), absent of intracranial symptom (P = 0.044), lymphocyte ≥ 1.54*109/L(P < 0.001), neutrophil < 4.64*109/L (P = 0.016), hemoglobin ≥ 117.5 g/L (P < 0.001), BSBM scores of 2–3 (P = 0.033) and Lung-molGPA scores of 2.5-4 (P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that lymphocyte (HR 3.390, 95% CI 1.869–6.151, P < 0.001), neutrophil (HR 0.517, 95% CI 0.286–0.934, P = 0.029), hemoglobin (HR 3.215, 95% CI 1.748–5.911, P < 0.001), resection history of NSCLC(HR 2.813, 95% CI 1.375–5.754, P = 0.005), intracranial symptom(HR 0.251, 95% CI 0.113–0.561, P = 0.001), and Lung-molGPA(HR 2.317, 95% CI 1.186–4.527, P = 0.014) were independent prognostic factors for NSCLC patients with BM.
Conclusions

High neutrophil, low lymphocyte and hemoglobin, absent of resection history of NSCLC, present of intracranial symptom, and Lung-molGPA scores of 0–2 may provide valuable information for indicating poor prognosis in NSCLC patients with BM .
Development and validation of a survival model based on autophagy-associated genes for predicting prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Wanli , Niu Liaoran , Zhao Xinhui , Duan Lili , Li Yiding , Wang Xiaoqian , Zhang Yujie , Zhou Wei , Liu Jinqiang , Zhao Qingchuan , Han Yu , Fan Daiming , Hong Liu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the devastating tumors with increasing incidence. Autophagy-associated genes (ARGs) are widely participated in the cellular processes of HCC. This study proposed to identify the novel prognostic gene signature based on ARGs in HCC. Methods: We downloaded the RNA sequencing data and clinical information of HCC and normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differentially expressed ARGs were screened by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted to explore the biological implications and mechanisms of ARGs in HCC. Cox regression analysis and Lasso regression analysis were performed to screen the ARGs which related to overall survival (OS). The OS-related ARGs were then used to establish a prognostic prediction model. Kaplan-Meier curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were both applied to evaluate the accuracy of the model. GSE14520 dataset was downloaded as the testing cohort to validate the prognostic risk model in TCGA. A nomogram based on the clinical features and risk signature was established to predict the 3-year and 5-year survival rate of HCC patients. Results: Totally 27 differentially expressed ARGs were screened in this study. Then, 3 OS-related ARGs (SQSTM1, HSPB8, and BIRC5) were identified via the Cox regression and Lasso regression analyses. Based on these 3 ARGs, a prognostic prediction model was constructed. HCC patients in high-risk group presented poorer prognosis than those with low risk score in TCGA cohort (3-year OS, 53.7% vs 70.2%; 5-year OS, 42.0 % vs 55.2%; P=4.478e-04) and in the testing group (3-year OS, 57.7% vs 73.5%; 5-year OS, 43.2% vs 63.0%; P=1.274e-03). The risk score curve showed a well feasibility in predicting the patients’ survival both in TCGA and GEO cohort with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.756 and 0.672, respectively. Besides, the calibration curves and C-index indicated that the clinical nomogram performs well to predict the 3-year and 5-year survival rate in HCC patients. Conclusions: The survival model based on the ARGs may be a promising tool to predict the prognosis in HCC patients.
The High Expression of CD276/HAVCR2 and CD163 is an Adverse Immune Subtype of Glioblastoma and is Closely Related to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Hou Xiaohong , Zhou Guiyin , Fan Yinchun , Zhang Qiang , Xiang Chengming , Cao Fang , Yao Shengtao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant tumors that can afflict the central nervous system. Previous studies have observed that there are individual differences in the treatment response of immune checkpoint inhibitors in glioblastoma. This study’s aim is to ascertain the factors that may affect the efficacy of immunosuppressant therapy. Methods The clinical data of this study were obtained from a public database. Then, the data was analyzed and processed by R software and corresponding R package. To verify the results of the analysis, information was gathered from 89 GBM patients in our hospital and thereafter the corresponding paraffin sections were stained and quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results From the analysis, it was observed that both CD276 and HAVCR2 were significantly overexpressed in GBM and could be associated with patient prognosis. The analysis of single cell RNA sequencing data and GBM data analysis found an immune subtype with poor prognosis. Further analysis found that the high expression of CD276, HAVCR2 and CD163 was closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and could affect the patient prognosis of PD-L1 high expression. GSVA enrichment analysis showed that CD276, HAVCR2 and CD163 might induce EMT by JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway, and RUNX1 and IKZF1 might be transcription factors that regulate CD276/HAVCR2 high expression. Conclusions We found an immune subtype with poor prognosis of GBM, the high expression of CD276, HAVCR2 and CD163 with EMT are closely related and may be one of the factors affecting the efficacy of Anti-PD-L1.
HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing Uptake and Associated Factors among Sexually Active Men in Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2016 EDHS Using Multilevel Modeling
Authors: Dadi Teshome Kabeta , Feyasa Merga Belina , Gebre Mamo Nigatu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background HIV counselling affirms that people exercise their right to known their HIV status and open the gateway to care, treatment, and support for a person in need. Existing evidence shows that its counselling and testing uptake among sexually active males in Ethiopia is too low and hence this study aims to determine the status of uptake and identify its determinants. Method Data on 12, 688 sexually active men was extracted from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Multilevel logistic regression was fitted to identify the factors associated with the uptake. Result This study depicted that the overall voluntary counseling and testing of HIV uptake among sexually active men in Ethiopia was 45.69%; 95% CI [43.08%, 48.33%]. Results showed that about 13% of the variation in the likelihood of being tested for HIV was due to the variation among the regions. Moreover, age, religion, education, occupational, marital status, HIV knowledge, health insurance, wealth status, risky sexual behavior, discussion about family planning with health workers, owning of mobile, frequency of watching television and listening to the radio were significant factors. Conclusion Voluntary counseling and testing uptake among sexually active men in Ethiopia is low and varies across the regions. The level of HIV knowledge, having risky sexual behavior, health insurance, and media were some of the significant factors. Therefore, giving due consideration to these factors worth boosting voluntary HIV counseling and testing uptake, which is an integral component of the strategies to efficiently prevent and control the disease.
Chemokine Receptor Inhibitor vMIP-II Promoting Lymphocytes in COVID-19 Patients and Its Related Mechanism In Vitro
Authors: Li Shiyu , Wang Yuzhe , Feng Lixia , Jiang Zhenyou , Cong Feng , Chen Youyu , Dai Zhenning , Liu Shuting , Zhu Shitao , Fei Zhengbin , Xu Yichao , Mo Xuemei , Shi Shanshan , Zheng Xiao , Xu Anding , Gao Yong , Huang Wenhua , Zhang Nuofu , Sun Hanxiao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) accompanies severe immune injury as well as a decrease and overactivation of T lymphocytes. We observed that vMIP-Ⅱ, a broad-spectrum chemokine receptor inhibitor, could improve the lymphocyte decrease of COVID-19. Comparisons of T cell populations in PBMCs showed that the effects of vMIP-II on the subsets of T cells and cytokine secretion stimulated by SARS-CoV-2 S protein were the same as those in the asymptomatic infection group: the proportion of CD8+TCM cells in the vMIP-II treatment and asymptomatic groups was significantly higher than that in the symptomatic control group. Differential gene expression of effector CD8+ T cells suggested that vMIP-II inhibits multiple chemokine receptors and related signal pathway and strengthens their stem proliferating capacity. Thus, vMIP-II reconstitutes cellular immunity lost due to acute infection of SARS-CoV-2 by modulating effector CD8+ T cells to produce more TCM cells.
Effective Teacher Evaluation
Authors: Foth Henry D. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTA voluminous literature supports the view that students are reliable evaluators of teachers. Peers and administrators tend to be unreliable evaluators of teachers. Peers and administrators tend to disagree on rankings of teachers because they use different criteria for evaluation and tend to rank highest those teachers whose value system correlates with their own. There is a growing interest in evaluating teachers by measuring student learning. Evaluation of teachers by measuring student learning requires criterion‐referenced tests that measure total learning rather than learning relative to other students. A combination of student evaluation and measurement of student learning offer a good basis for effective teacher evaluation.
Light Interception Efficiency Measurements
Authors: Wolf D. D. , Carson E. , Brown R. H. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTLight interception efficiency of leaves with widely different display patterns is measured in this exercise. An extinction coefficient (k) is used to study differences among species in their light interception characteristics. A grass represents an inefficient light intercepting canopy, while a legume stand represents a relatively efficient light‐intercepting canopy.
Students Can be Motivated
Authors: Scholtes W. H. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTA study was conducted with freshman level versus senior level courses to determine what factors stimulated student motivation. Relevancy, interest in the subject, grades, and performance of the instructor were found to be most important. University‐wide course‐instructor ratings of 589 courses demonstrated that specific instructor attributes were primarily correlated with student satisfaction levels of both course and instructor.
A Model for Derivation and Organization of Courses
Authors: Gardner F. P. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTA model is proposed for derivation and organization of courses in a disciplinary body of knowledge, viz. crop science and soil science. The model provides the opportunity for exposure to concepts in an orderly manner but limits the opportunity for fragmentation, splintering, or duplication of courses. The model first recognizes a comprehensive, conceptual introductory or survey course as the keystone to the system. Other courses are derived by the expansion of the major units of instruction in the introductory course except for correlation or comprehensive summary courses in the senior year. The model allows for unity and specialization in the curriculum. An application of this model has been made at Western Illinois University in agriculture and other disciplines in the College of Applied Sciences, resulting in significant reduction of course offerings in some areas. Use of the model can increase curricula content and effectiveness and provide a rational basis for course development decisions.
The Learning Environment‐A Dean's View
Authors: Bertrand A. R. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe environment in which professors and students in colleges of agriculture work and learn consists of three major components: (i) the physical environment; (ii) the sociological environment; and (iii) the intellectual environment. All three components are important, but the intellectual and sociological environments are of greater importance than the physical. Effective teaching and permanent learning can and often do occur under less‐than‐ideal physical conditions. The physical environment in colleges of agriculture must include classrooms and laboratories with sufficient equipment for demonstration and practice by teachers and students. The sociological and the intellectual environments are largely a function of attitudes and actions. The ideal social situation for learning will be characterized by humanness. A spirit of friendly helpfulness and concern for all members of the immediate group must permeate an effective group learning situation. The intellectual environment must be created and maintained by the instructor. The instructor must have knowledge of the subject and be intellectually astute and concerned about creating in his students an intellectual curiosity that will continue beyond the classroom.
Water quality evaluation based on the water quality index method in Honghu Lake: one of the largest shallow lakes in the Yangtze River Economic Zone
Authors: Chen Libin , Tian Zhuo , Zou Kaipeng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Honghu Lake is the largest lake-type wetland in Hubei Province, China. It is also one of the largest shallow lakes in the Yangtze River Economic Zone, a key area in the relatively more developed southeast of China. However, the water quality has seen a deterioration tendency in recent decades, mostly owing to unreasonable human activities such as lake enclosure aquaculture following rapid social and economic development. Based on the water quality index (WQI) method, the water quality of Honghu Lake, by the vast amount of data collected from five observation sites monitored over ten years, was analyzed and evaluated. The results show that: (i) the water quality of Honghu Lake is in the ‘General’ grade as a whole with a WQI value of 43.41 ± 6.66; (ii) the water quality has been improving in the recent two years, reversing its decade-long deterioration; (iii) the water quality sampled at the Lantian site is the worst while that of the Guandun site is the best; (iv) the concentration of Pb and Cd are the key parameters to determine the water quality of Honghu Lake. Therefore, it can be concluded that more attention should be paid to investigate heavy metals in Honghu Lake in the future.
How does water-saving service contribute to the sustainability of supply chain? A game-theoretical modelling study
Authors: Chen Zhisong , Chen Feng , Yu Rong , Peng Jianhui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Currently, water-saving service (WSS) providers are devoted to providing high-water-consumption (HWC) supply chains with comprehensive water-saving solutions. In this context, the decentralized and cooperative decision models for HWC supply chain under the benchmark scenario without WSS, and the decentralized, hybrid and cooperative decision models for the three-tier WSS supply chain under the scenario with WSS are developed and analyzed, the corresponding numerical and sensitivity analyses for all models are conducted and compared, and finally, the managerial insights are summarized. The research results indicate that: (1) introducing WSS could effectively increase the profits, social welfare and consumer surplus for the HWC supply chain; (2) a cooperative strategy could effectively increase the profits, social welfare and consumer surplus and is the best strategy for the three-tier WSS supply chain; (3) the hybrid strategy (partial cooperative strategy) could effectively increase the profits, social welfare and consumer surplus and is the second-best strategy for the three-tier WSS supply chain; (4) reducing the costs of water saving could effectively enhance water consumption reduction, increase the profits, social welfare and consumer surplus for the three-tier WSS supply chain.
Preparation and Evaluation of ‘3 Cap’ Pulsatile Drug Delivery System of Ramipril
Authors: Kriplani Priyanka , Pathak Kamla , Philip Anil 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Chronotherapeutics, the drug delivery based on circadian rhythm, is recently
gaining much attention worldwide. Various diseases like asthma, hypertension, and arthritis show the
circadian variation that demands time scheduled drug release for effective drug action. Therefore, the
pulsatile drug delivery system has been designed to confer preprogrammed drug delivery.

Objective:
In the present study, a ‘3 Cap’ pulsatile drug delivery system has been developed, optimized,
and characterized in order to achieve the floating and pulsatile release of ramipril.

Methods:
An optimal response surface design was employed to investigate the effect of
isopropanol: formaldehyde vapours for varying time on drug release from the capsules. ‘3
Cap’ pulsatile drug delivery system was evaluated in terms of floating time, density, effect of
gastric flow rate and type of dissolution apparatus on drug release.

Results:
Independent variables exhibited significant effect on the drug release of the prepared
formulations. Results showed that time between the release of fractions of dose increased
with increase in formaldehyde: isopropanol ratio and duration of exposure to formaldehyde
vapours with no effect of gastric flow rate.

Conclusion:
: The results of the designed system revealed that an optimum exposure of 1:2 of isopropanol:
formaldehyde vapors for sixty minutes resulted in the desired release of second pulse of dose
after a predetermined lag time of 5 hours as desired. ‘3Cap’ system was successful in achieving floating
and pulsed release of hypertensive drug opening a ‘new lease of life’ to the existing drug molecule.