bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of PTR‐TOF‐MS for the quality assessment of lactose‐free milk: Effect of storage time and employment of different lactase preparations
Authors: Bottiroli Riccardo , Pedrotti Michele , Aprea Eugenio , Biasioli Franco , Fogliano Vincenzo , Gasperi Flavia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLactose‐free dairy products undergo several chemical modifications during shelf life because of the reactivity of glucose and galactose produced by the lactose enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, proton transfer reaction‐mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS), coupled with a time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass analyzer, was applied to get an insight on the phenomena occurring during the shelf life of ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) lactose‐free milk (LFM). UHT LFMs produced by three different commercial lactase preparations were evaluated during storage at 20°C over a 150 days period, sampling the milk every 30 days. Production was repeated three times, on three consecutive weeks, in order to take milk variability into consideration. Principal component analysis applied to the whole “volatilome” data demonstrated the capability of PTR‐TOF‐MS in detecting the milk batch‐to‐batch variability: Freshly produced milk samples were distinguished based on the week of production at the beginning of shelf life. Additionally, a clear evolution of the volatiles organic compounds (VOCs) profiling during storage was highlighted. Further statistical analysis confirmed VOCs temporal evolution, mostly because of changes in methyl ketones concentration. Differences caused by the commercial lactases did not emerged, except for benzaldehyde. Altogether, data demonstrated PTR‐TOF‐MS analysis as a valuable and rapid method for the detection of changes in the VOCs profiling of UHT LFM.
Neuropeptide Y in PTSD, MDD, and chronic stress: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tural Umit , Iosifescu Dan V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels may be altered in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic stress. We investigated, through systematic review and meta‐analysis, whether the mean levels of NPY are significantly different in patients with MDD, PTSD or chronic stress, compared to controls. The main outcome was the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals between cases and controls, using the random‐effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. Thirty‐five studies met eligibility criteria. Meta‐regression determined that medication and sex could explain 27% of the between‐study variance. Females and participants currently prescribed psychotropic medications had significantly higher levels of NPY. NPY levels were significantly lower in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in PTSD patients versus controls. Patients with MDD had significantly lower levels of NPY in plasma compared to controls, but not in the CSF. The magnitudes of the decrease in plasma NPY levels were not significantly different between PTSD and MDD. However, chronic stress patients had significantly higher plasma NPY levels compared to controls, PTSD or MDD. Our findings may imply a shared role of NPY in trauma and depression: nevertheless, it is not clear that the association is specific to these disorders. Psychotropic medications may help restore NPY levels. Further controlled studies are needed to better delineate the contribution of confounding variables such as type of depression, body mass index, appetite or sleep architecture.
Summary of Proceedings and Expert Consensus Statements From the International Summit “Lipids in Parenteral Nutrition”
Authors: Martindale Robert G. , Berlana David , Boullata Joseph I. , Cai Wei , Calder Philip C. , Deshpande Girish H. , Evans David , Garcia‐de‐Lorenzo Abelardo , Goulet Olivier J. , Li Ang , Mayer Konstantin , Mundi Manpreet S. , Muscaritoli Maurizio , Pradelli Lorenzo , Rosenthal Martin , Seo Jeong‐Meen , Waitzberg Dan L. , Klek Stanislaw 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe 2018 Lipids in Parenteral Nutrition summit involved a panel of experts in clinical nutrition, lipid metabolism, and pharmacology, to assess the current state of knowledge and develop expert consensus statements regarding the use of intravenous lipid emulsions in various patient populations and clinical settings. The main purpose of the consensus statements is to assist healthcare professionals by providing practical guidance on common clinical questions related to the provision of lipid emulsions as part of parenteral nutrition (PN).MethodsThe summit was designed to allow interactive discussion and consensus development. The resulting consensus statements represent the collective opinion of the members of the expert panel, which was informed and supported by scientific evidence and clinical experience.ResultsThe current article summarizes the key discussion topics from the summit and provides a set of consensus statements designed to complement existing evidence‐based guidelines. Lipid emulsions are a major component of PN, serving as a condensed source of energy and essential fatty acids. In addition, lipids modulate a variety of biologic functions, including inflammatory and immune responses, coagulation, and cell signaling. A growing body of evidence suggests that lipid emulsions containing ω‐3 fatty acids from fish oil confer important clinical benefits via suppression of inflammatory mediators and activation of pathways involved in the resolution of inflammation.ConclusionsThis article provides a set of expert consensus statements to complement formal PN guideline recommendations.
A first look at oxygen isotope records from modern and Holocene‐aged gastropod (Stenomelania) shells from Lake Kutubu, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Long Kelsie , Schneider Larissa , Williams Ian S. , Fallon Stewart J. , Stuart‐Williams Hilary , Haberle Simon 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe oxygen isotopic composition of Stenomelania gastropod shells was investigated to reconstruct Holocene palaeoclimate change at Lake Kutubu in the southern highlands of Papua New Guinea. Oxygen isotope (δ18O) values recorded in aquatic gastropod shells change according to ambient water δ18O values and temperature. The gastropod shells appear to form in oxygen isotopic equilibrium with the surrounding water and record a shift in average shell oxygen isotopic composition through time, probably as a result of warmer/wetter conditions at ca. 600–900 and 5900–6200 cal a bp. Shorter term fluctuations in oxygen isotope values were also identified and may relate to changes in the intensity or source of rainfall. Further δ18O analyses of gastropod shells or other carbonate proxies found in the Lake Kutubu sediments are warranted. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Community health worker‐based hearing screening on a mobile platform: A scalable protocol piloted in Haiti
Authors: Jayawardena Asitha D. L. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Levy Dylan A. , Valeriani Vienna , Kemph Alison J. , Kahue Charissa N. , Segaren Nathaniel , Labadie Robert F. , Bennett Marc L. , Elisée Carl A. , Netterville James L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the feasibility of a systematic, community health worker (CHW)‐based hearing screening program that gathers Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act‐compliant electronic data (otoscopic images of tympanic membrane and audiometric evaluation) on a smartphone in an effort to streamline treatment options in resource‐limited communities.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study in which four schools were screened in Port‐au‐Prince, Haiti, during in April 2018. A total of 122 subjects (61% female) aged 5‐17 years underwent an initial brief audiometric screen followed by a more comprehensive air conduction audiometric evaluation if they failed their initial screen. Participants with more than 35‐dB loss in any frequency on their comprehensive audiometric evaluation received endoscopic otoscopy.ResultsSeventy‐five percent of subjects (91/122) passed their initial screen. Of those who failed, 9% (4/44 ears) had a severe or profound hearing loss on comprehensive evaluation. Abnormal otoscopic findings (11/36 ears, 31%) included are cerumen impaction (n = 6), myringosclerosis (n = 3), tympanic membrane perforation (n = 1), and tympanic membrane retraction (n = 1). The average duration of the initial testing was 100 seconds (SD = 74 seconds), whereas the duration of comprehensive testing was 394 seconds (SD = 175 seconds). Extrapolating from these data, we estimate that a group of seven trained CHWs could gather formal audiologic and otologic data points for 100 children per hour using this protocol.ConclusionsA systematic approach that utilizes local resources (CHWs) and existing infrastructure (cell phones and the Internet) can significantly reduce the burden of hearing healthcare specialists while simultaneously facilitating early diagnosis and management of disabling hearing loss in low‐resourced settings.Level of evidenceLevel 4.
Dosimetric accuracy of delivering SBRT using dynamic arcs on Cyberknife
Authors: Bedford James L. , Nill Simeon , Oelfke Uwe 
Published: February 2020

PurposeSeveral studies have demonstrated potential improvements in treatment time through the use of dynamic arcs for delivery of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) on Cyberknife. However, the delivery system has a finite accuracy, so that potential exists for dosimetric uncertainties. This study estimates the expected dosimetric accuracy of dynamic delivery of SBRT, based on realistic estimates of the uncertainties in delivery parameters.MethodsFive SBRT patient cases (prostate A — conventional, prostate B — brachytherapy‐type, lung, liver, partial left breast) were retrospectively studied. Treatment plans were produced for a fixed arc trajectory using fluence optimization, segmentation, and direct aperture optimization. Dose rate uncertainty was modeled as a smoothly varying random fluctuation of ± 1.0%, ±2.0% or ± 5.0% over a time period of 10, 30 or 60 s. Multileaf collimator uncertainty was modeled as a lag in position of each leaf up to 0.25 or 0.5 mm. Robot pointing error was modeled as a shift of the target location, with the direction of the shift chosen as a random angle with respect to the multileaf collimator and with a random magnitude in the range 0.0–1.0 mm at the delivery nodes and with an additional random magnitude of 0.5–1.0 mm in between the delivery nodes. The impact of the errors was investigated using dose‐volume histograms.ResultsUncertainty in dose rate has the effect of varying the total monitor units delivered, which in turn produces a variation in mean dose to the planning target volume. The random sampling of dose rate error produces a distribution of mean doses with a standard deviation proportional to the magnitude of the dose rate uncertainty. A lag in multileaf collimator position of 0.25 or 0.5 mm produces a small impact on the delivered dose. In general, an increase in the PTV mean dose of around 1% is observed. An error in robot pointing of the order of 1 mm produces a small increase in dose inhomogeneity to the planning target volume, sometimes accompanied by an increase in mean dose by around 1%.ConclusionsBased upon the limited data available on the dose rate stability and geometric accuracy of the Cyberknife system, this study estimates that dynamic arc delivery can be accomplished with sufficient accuracy for clinical application. Dose rate variation produces a change in dose to the planning target volume according to the perturbation of total monitor units delivered, while multileaf collimator lag and robot pointing error typically increase the mean dose to the planning target volume by up to 1%.
A novel gamma GLM approach to MRI relaxometry comparisons
Authors: Kapre Rohan , Zhou Junhan , Li Xinzhe , Beckett Laurel , Louie Angelique Y. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo demonstrate that constant coefficient of variation (CV), but nonconstant absolute variance in MRI relaxometry (T1,T2,R1,R2) data leads to erroneous conclusions based on standard linear models such as ordinary least squares (OLS). We propose a gamma generalized linear model identity link (GGLM‐ID) framework that factors the inherent CV into parameter estimates. We first examined the effects on calculations of contrast agent relaxivity before broadening to other applications such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and liver iron content (LIC).MethodsEight models including OLS and GGLM‐ID were initially fit to data obtained on sulfated dextran iron oxide (SDIO) nanoparticles. Both a resampling simulation on the data as well as two separate Monte Carlo simulations (with and without concentration error) were performed to determine mean square error (MSE) and type I error rate. We then evaluated the performance of OLS/GGLM‐ID onR1repeatability and LIC data sets.ResultsOLS had an MSE of 4–5× that of GGLM‐ID as well as a type I error rate of 20–30%, whereas GGLM‐ID was near the nominal 5% level in the relaxivity study. Only OLS found statistically significant effects of MRI facility on relaxivity in anR1repeatability study, but no significant differences were found in a resampling, whereas GGLM was more consistent. GGLM‐ID was also superior to OLS for modeling LIC.ConclusionsOLS leads to erroneous conclusions when analyzing MRI relaxometry data. GGLM‐ID factors in the inherent CV of an MRI experiment, leading to more reproducible conclusions.
Otoliths Reveal Spawning Ecology and Early Life History of Sympatric Catostomids
Authors: Clark Barkalow Stephani L. , Brandenburg Mary A. , Platania Steven P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Differences in spawning ecology and early life history may influence the recruitment success of three sympatric catostomids in the Colorado River basin: the Bluehead Sucker Catostomus discobolus, Flannelmouth Sucker C. latipinnis, and federally endangered Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus. In the San Juan River, all three species annually produce larvae, but only Bluehead and Flannelmouth suckers regularly recruit to the juvenile phase and older. Otolith microstructure analysis can determine age, growth rates, and spawning periodicity and may elucidate possible reasons for differences in recruitment among species. Larval suckers were collected from low-velocity habitats in the San Juan River in 2011; fish were measured, and ontogenetic phase and fish age were determined from otolith increment counts. Otolith age was used to determine hatch dates and spawning periodicity, calculate daily growth rates, and develop three candidate growth functions relating fish age and body length. Relative to Bluehead and Flannelmouth suckers, Razorback Suckers had a shorter spawning period, lower growth rate, and a higher proportion of the least developed ontogenetic phase. The small size of Razorback Suckers relative to other suckers may result in higher predation and lower prey acquisition, thus restricting their transition to more developed phases and limiting recruitment to the juvenile phase. Model ranking based on Akaike's information criterion (corrected for small sample size) was nearly identical for all growth functions. The early life history information we provide may guide flow releases in this regulated system to provide suitable backwater habitat and warmer water temperatures compatible with reproduction, growth, and survival of native catostomids, including the endangered Razorback Sucker. However, due to the limited temporal and geographic extent of samples used in this study, data presented herein are not inclusive of all conditions under which suckers may be present in the San Juan River.
Paddlefish Exploitation and Movements within the Mississippi River Basin
Authors: Devine Thomas E. , Tripp Sara J. , Kramer Nicholas W. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Paddlefish Polyodon spathula is an ancient species that is native to the Mississippi River and its larger tributaries. This species exhibits a unique combination of morphology and life history characteristics that leaves it vulnerable to river modifications and potential overexploitation, which has led to population declines in portions of the historic range. Concern regarding unknown exploitation rates from recreational and commercial fisheries has increased in recent decades, and the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species is now requesting information from state agencies regarding the sustainability of commercially harvested Paddlefish populations. The Missouri Department of Conservation addressed this, in part, through the implementation of a 5-year mark–recapture study to estimate exploitation and nonreporting rates, evaluate movement patterns, and provide a baseline estimate of abundance for Paddlefish in the Mississippi River basin. A total of 2,224 Paddlefish were jaw-banded, and 102 were also implanted with transmitters in the Mississippi River basin within the borders of Missouri. Of those, 139 Paddlefish were caught by commercial or recreational anglers and 92 were harvested, resulting in an average annual exploitation estimate of 2.5% (SE = 0.6). Jaw band returns and telemetry information demonstrated that Paddlefish moved great distances (maximum 2,359 km) and crossed many regulatory boundaries (14 states). Despite relatively low exploitation rate estimates, a precautionary adjustment of regulations is advised to protect Paddlefish through maturation and ensure sustainability. In addition, regulations for this species should be assessed across the entire Mississippi River basin, as they differ within and between regulatory authorities. A combination of population monitoring (e.g., exploitation and population dynamics) and telemetry efforts have potential to help inform future basin-wide management approaches.
Investigating the associations of mucosal P2Y6 receptor expression and urinary ATP and ADP concentrations, with symptoms of overactive bladder
Authors: Firouzmand Sepinoud , Ajori Ladan , Towse Jonathan , Allameh Farzad , Najafi Saman , Javed Saqib , John Babbin , Langley Stephen E. M. , Fry Christopher H. , Young John S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo characterize purinergic signaling in overactive bladder (OAB).MethodsMucosal biopsies were taken by flexible cystoscopy from patients with storage symptoms referred to Urology Departments of collaborating hospitals. Immunohistochemistry (n = 12) and Western blot analysis (n = 28) were used to establish the qualitative and quantitative expression profile of P2Y6 in human mucosa. Participants from the general population provided a mid‐stream urine sample. Bioluminescent assays were used to quantify adenosine triphosphate (ATP; n = 66) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP; n = 60) concentrations, which were normalized to creatinine (Cr) concentration. All participants completed a questionnaire (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Overactive Bladder) to score urinary symptoms of OAB.ResultsP2Y6 immunoreactivity, more prominent in the urothelium (colocalized with the uroepithelial marker pan‐cytokeratin), was more greatly expressed in OAB compared to age‐ and sex‐matched controls (benign prostatic hyperplasia) without OAB symptoms. Mucosal P2Y6 was positively correlated only with incontinence (P = .009). Both urinary ATP and its hydrolysis product, ADP, an agonist to P2Y6, were positively correlated with total OAB symptom score (P = .010 and P = .042, respectively).ConclusionsThe positive correlation of P2Y6 only with incontinence may indicate a different phenotype in OAB wet and warrants further investigation. Positive correlations of ATP and ADP with total OAB symptom score demonstrate upregulation in purinergic signaling in OAB; shown previously only in animal models. Further research is required to validate whether purinoceptors are indeed new therapeutic targets for this highly prevalent symptom complex.
“The right place and the right time”: A qualitative study of the decision‐making process of self‐initiated HIV testing among young adults
Authors: Adebayo Oluwamuyiwa W. , Williams Jessica R. , Garcia Ana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractYoung adults continue to have very low rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, which contribute to transmission, late diagnoses, and poor health outcomes. The access and uptake of HIV testing among young adults can be improved by promoting self‐initiated testing (i.e., testing without the immediate recommendation of a clinician). Little is known, however, about how young adults self‐initiate HIV testing. The purpose of this study was to explore the decision‐making process of young adults who self‐initiated HIV testing. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 30 young adults aged 18–24 years. The findings from this study describe how young adults acknowledge their vulnerability to HIV infection and navigate the process of deciding to self‐initiate testing. Some subcategories include Self‐Convincing, Conversation Prompts, and The Right Place and Right Time. Findings from this study are pivotal for subsequent studies to further understand self‐initiated HIV testing among young adults and design targeted interventions that will improve testing uptake.
Diffusion models over the life cycle of an innovation: A bottom‐up and top‐down synthesis approach
Authors: Wang Conghu , Li Xiaoming , Ma Wenjuan , Wang Xiaopeng 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe diffusion models tend to be tested individually in isolation and remain the same over time for the studied innovations in the literature. Moreover, there is growing interest to learn from other countries in our current age of globalization. Therefore, this paper chooses the innovation of public resources trading platforms in China to fulfill above literature gaps. We have examined key events and the issuances of related laws and regulations by Chinese governments. Our contributions are twofold: (a) Our analysis and results show that the diffusion models evolve over the different stages of a life cycle of an innovation, contrasting to the literature results that diffusion models remain the same for their studied innovations. Due to major diverse characteristics among different adopter categories over a life cycle of an innovation, we argue that it is appropriate and necessary to apply different diffusion models on different adopter categories, which is missing in the current literature. (b) We find a first bottom‐up and then top‐down synthesis approach as an effective, efficient diffusion process for both fitting local needs (i.e., effective) and adopting innovations rapidly nationwide (i.e., efficient).