bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second-Derivative Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy for the Simultaneous Determination of Cinnarizine and Nicergoline in Pharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: Walash Mohamed I , Belal Fathalla , El-Enany Nahed , Abdelal Amina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid, simple, and highly sensitive second-derivative synchronous fluorometric method has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of binary mixtures of cinnarizine (CN) and nicergoline (NIC). The method is based upon measurement of the native fluorescence of these drugs at constant wavelength difference () = 80 nm in aqueous methanol (50, v/v). The different experimental parameters affecting the native fluorescence of the studied drugs were carefully studied and optimized. The fluorescence-concentration plots were rectilinear over the range of 0.0251.5 and 0.255.5 g/mL for CN and NIC, respectively, with lower detection limits of 0.58 and 0.82 ng/mL and quantitation limits of 1.93 and 2.73 ng/mL for CN and NIC, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of the studied compounds in synthetic mixtures and in commercial tablets. The results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained with reference methods. The high sensitivity attained by the proposed method allowed the determination of CN in real and spiked human plasma. The mean recovery in the case of spiked human plasma [number of trials (n) = 3] was 102.82 2.17, while that in real human plasma (n = 3) was 105.25 2.05.
A Novel Photometric Method for Evaluation of the Oxidative Stability of Virgin Olive Oils
Authors: Kamvissis Vassilis N , Barbounis Emmanouil G , Megoulas Nikolaos C , Koupparis Michael A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Oxitester method, a novel, simple, and fast photometric method for the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of olive oils, was validated and compared to the official oil stability index (Rancimat) method. The Oxitester method appeared to be a good alternative to the Rancimat method with adequate correlation for a wide range of virgin olive oil samples, including extrissima virgin olive oils (correlation coefficient 0.88), and extra virgin olive oils of increased acidity (free fatty acids &gt;0.45, correlation coefficient 0.89). Other quality factors (flavor, free fatty acids content, specific absorbance at 270 and 232 nm, peroxide value, and content of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids) were also measured and correlated to the antioxidant capacity values of the Oxitester and Rancimat methods. The Oxitester method, in contrast to the Rancimat method, was indicative of the flavor characteristics of the olive oils and the content of linolenic acid.
Determination of Trace Amounts of Zinc by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry After Preconcentration with Modified Clinoptilolite Zeolite
Authors: Hajialigol Saeed , Taher Mohammad Ali , Malekpour Akbar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Natural clinoptilolite was used as a sorbent material for solid-phase extraction and preconcentration of zinc. Clinoptilolite was first saturated with cadmium (II) and then modified with benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride for increasing adsorption of 3-(2-arsenophenylazo)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,7-naphthalene disulfonic acid (neothorin). Zinc was quantitatively retained on the adsorbent by the column method in the pH range of 3.84.2 at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. It was eluted from the column with 5.0 mL 2 M nitric acid solution at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry at 213.9 nm. Zinc could be concentrated from a 0.03 g/L solution with a preconcentration factor of 170. Relative standard deviation for 8 replicate determinations of 2.5 g zinc in the final solution was 0.92. The interference of a large number of anions and cations was studied in detail to optimize the conditions, and the method was successfully applied for determination of zinc in standard and real water samples.
Inclusion of quebracho tannin extract in a high-roughage cattle diet alters digestibility, nitrogen balance, and energy partitioning
Authors: Norris Aaron B , Crossland Whitney L , Tedeschi Luis O , Foster Jamie L , Muir James P , Pinchak William E , Fonseca Mozart A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Condensed tannins (CT) might improve animal and system-level efficiency due to enhanced protein efficiency and reduced CH4. This study evaluated the impact of quebracho tannin (QT) extract fed at 0%, 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% of dry matter (DM), within a roughage-based diet on apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), fibrous fractions, and N retention and energy partitioning of growing steers (236 ± 16 kg BW). A Latin rectangle design with eight animals and four periods was used to determine the whole-animal exchange of CO2, O2, and CH4 as well as the collection of total feces and urine over a 48-h period, using two open-circuit, indirect calorimetry respiration chambers. Following the removal of steers from respiration chambers, rumen inoculum was collected to determine ruminal parameter, including volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia. Animals were fed a 56.5% roughage diet at 1.7% BW (dry matter basis). Dry matter and gross energy intakes were influenced by the level of QT inclusion (P ≤ 0.036). Digestibility of DM, OM, and N was reduced with QT inclusion (P &lt; 0.001), and fiber digestibility was slightly impacted (P &gt; 0.123). QTs altered the N excretion route, average fecal N-to-total N ratio excreted increased 14%, and fecal N-to-urinary N ratio increased 38% (P &lt; 0.001) without altering the retained N. Increased fecal energy with QT provision resulted in reduced dietary digestible energy (DE) concentration (Mcal/kg DM; P = 0.024). There were no differences in urinary energy (P = 0.491), but CH4 energy decreased drastically (P = 0.007) as QT inclusion increased. Total ruminal VFA concentration did not differ across treatments, but VFA concentration increased linearly with QT inclusion (P = 0.049). Metabolizable energy (ME) was not affected by the QT rate, and the conversion efficiency of DE-to-ME did not differ. Heat energy decreased (P = 0.013) with increased QT provision likely due to changes in the DE intake, but there was no difference in retained energy. There were no differences for retained energy or N per CO2 equivalent emission produced (P = 0.774 and 0.962, respectively), but improved efficiency for energy retention occurred for 3% QT. We concluded that QT provided up to 4.5% of dry matter intake (about 3.51% of CT, dry matter basis) does not affect N and energy retention within the current setting. Feeding QT reduced energy losses in the form of CH4 and heat, but the route of energy loss appears to be influenced by the rate of QT inclusion.
Hitting the Target? Analysing the Use of Targets in Climate Law
Authors: Hilson Chris 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Climate targets have become prominent in the media and public debate recently, largely as a result of pressure exerted by groups such as Extinction Rebellion, who have advocated a target of net zero emissions of greenhouse gases by as early as 2025. This article aims to draw some of the heat out of that debate and to shed some light on the issues raised by climate targets, including their level of ambition. It does so by developing a taxonomy of climate targets—setting out the choices confronting those designing national responses—and then examining those choices through a normative, values framework. Given the threat posed by climate change to humans and the ecosystems of which they are a part, it is important that climate targets are optimally constructed. The taxonomic and values framework laid out in this article is designed to help with this.
Radiographic factors associated with hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Shapira Jacob , Chen Jeffrey W , Bheem Rishika , Lall Ajay C , Rosinsky Philip J , Maldonado David R , Domb Benjamin G 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to outline factors that contribute to the appearance of hip osteoarthritis (OA). Secondarily, this study aims to describe radiographic factors that are associated with the progression of OA in the arthritic hip. Pubmed/MEDLINE and Embase were searched in November 2018 for radiographic risk factors for hip OA. All articles were eligible if they (i) were written in the English language and (ii) commented on OA as it relates to radiographic description, appearance or progression of OA. Demographic characteristics of the study cohort, definition of OA, baseline OA and factors for prediction or progression of OA were recorded. Nine articles were included in this review. A total of 3268 patients were analyzed across all studies. The mean age was 60.0 years (range 18–91.5). The most common descriptors for OA were dysplasia and cam impingement. Six of the nine articles found acetabular under-coverage to be associated with developing OA. Four articles found cam morphology to be an associated factor. Finally, four articles commented on the factors associated with the progression to more severe grades of OA, reporting exclusively on acetabular under-coverage, whereas only one reported on cam morphology to be associated. This systematic review found acetabular under-coverage followed by cam morphology to be strongly associated with both the development and progression of hip OA. These findings define patients at risk for developing hip OA and emphasize the importance of early awareness of future joint degeneration.
Maternal Antenatal Depression and Early Childhood Sleep: Potential Pathways Through Infant Temperament
Authors: Kim Yunmi , Bird Amy , Peterson Elizabeth , Underwood Lisa , Morton Susan M B , Grant Cameron C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
Maternal depression is associated with infant and child sleep patterns, and with infant temperament. Here, we examine whether infant temperament mediated an association between maternal antenatal depression and toddler sleep.

Method
Within the prebirth longitudinal cohort Growing Up in New Zealand, symptoms of antenatal and postnatal depression were measured in 5,568 women using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Infant temperament was measured at age 9 months using the Very Short Form of Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R VSF). Sleep duration and nighttime awakenings were reported by parents when children were 2 years old.

Results
Independent associations of maternal depression with child sleep patterns at age 2 years, adjusted for maternal demographics, physical health, family relationships, and child health and feeding, were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The odds of having ≥2 nighttime awakenings were increased for children whose mothers had antenatal (1.36, 1.07–1.73) but not postnatal (1.22, 0.88–1.68) or both antenatal and postnatal depression (0.89, 0.56–1.36). There was no association of maternal depression with shorter sleep duration. Two of five dimensions of infant temperament (fear and negative affect) were associated with both antenatal depression scores and increased nighttime awakenings. Mediation analyses controlling for postnatal depression and other predictors of child sleep supported an indirect pathway of antenatal depression to child sleep through infant temperamental negative affectivity.

Conclusion
Antenatal depression is independently associated with more frequent nighttime awakenings in early childhood. Findings support an indirect pathway through infant negative affect characteristics.
Wearable health devices and personal area networks: can they improve outcomes in haemodialysis patients?
Authors: Kooman Jeroen P , Wieringa Fokko Pieter , Han Maggie , Chaudhuri Sheetal , van der Sande Frank M , Usvyat Len A , Kotanko Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDigitization of healthcare will be a major innovation driver in the coming decade. Also, enabled by technological advancements and electronics miniaturization, wearable health device (WHD) applications are expected to grow exponentially. This, in turn, may make 4P medicine (predictive, precise, preventive and personalized) a more attainable goal within dialysis patient care. This article discusses different use cases where WHD could be of relevance for dialysis patient care, i.e. measurement of heart rate, arrhythmia detection, blood pressure, hyperkalaemia, fluid overload and physical activity. After adequate validation of the different WHD in this specific population, data obtained from WHD could form part of a body area network (BAN), which could serve different purposes such as feedback on actionable parameters like physical inactivity, fluid overload, danger signalling or event prediction. For a BAN to become clinical reality, not only must technical issues, cybersecurity and data privacy be addressed, but also adequate models based on artificial intelligence and mathematical analysis need to be developed for signal optimization, data representation, data reliability labelling and interpretation. Moreover, the potential of WHD and BAN can only be fulfilled if they are part of a transformative healthcare system with a shared responsibility between patients, healthcare providers and the payors, using a step-up approach that may include digital assistants and dedicated ‘digital clinics’. The coming decade will be critical in observing how these developments will impact and transform dialysis patient care and will undoubtedly ask for an increased ‘digital literacy’ for all those implicated in their care.
SIRT2 is involved in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
Authors: Jung Yu Jin , Park Woong , Kang Kyung Pyo , Kim Won 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 are activated in cisplatin-induced renal injury. However, the change of MKP-1 expression in cisplatin-induced renal injury and the regulatory effect of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide–dependent deacetylase, on MKP-1 remains unknown.

Methods
To address these issues, we used constitutional Sirt2 knockout (KO) mice, transgenic (TG) mice with increased expression of SIRT2 specifically in proximal tubular epithelial cellsand wild-type (WT) mice. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin.

Results
MKP-1 expression in the kidney was decreased after cisplatin treatment. Cisplatin-induced downregulation of MKP-1 was reversed in Sirt2 KO mice kidney and further decreased in Sirt2 TG mice kidney. We observed similar phenomenon with SIRT2-knockdown or SIRT2-overexpressed tubular epithelial cells. Phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, a downstream signal pathway of MKP-1, increased in WT mice kidney following treatment with cisplatin. A decrease in SIRT2 suppressed cisplatin-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in kidney and tubular epithelial cells. Overexpression of SIRT2 further increased phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in kidney and tubular epithelial cells. Acetylation of MKP-1 was significantly increased in SIRT2-knockdown cells and decreased in SIRT2-overexpressed cells after cisplatin stimulation. Sirt2 KO mice and Sirt2 TG mice showed amelioration and aggravation of renal injury, apoptosis, necroptosis and inflammation induced by cisplatin.

Conclusion
Our data show that SIRT2 is associated with cisplatin-induced renal injury through regulation of MKP-1 expression.
Wearable skin-like optoelectronic systems with suppression of motion artifacts for cuff-less continuous blood pressure monitor
Authors: Li Haicheng , Ma Yinji , Liang Ziwei , Wang Zhouheng , Cao Yu , Xu Yuan , Zhou Hua , Lu Bingwei , Chen Ying , Han Zhiyuan , Cai Shisheng , Feng Xue 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, an estimated 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases each year, representing 31% of all global deaths. Continuous non-invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) is essential for the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is difficult to achieve long-term CNAP monitoring with the daily use of current devices due to irritation of the skin as well as the lack of motion artifacts suppression. Here, we report a high-performance skin-like optoelectronic system integrated with ultra-thin flexible circuits to monitor CNAP. We introduce a theoretical model via the virtual work principle for predicting the precise blood pressure and suppressing motion artifacts, and propose optical difference in the frequency domain for stable optical measurements in terms of skin-like devices. We compare the results with the blood pressure acquired by invasive (intra-arterial) blood pressure monitoring for &gt;1500 min in total on 44 subjects in an intensive care unit. The maximum absolute errors of diastolic and systolic blood pressure were ±7/±10 mm Hg, respectively, in immobilized, and ±10/±14 mm Hg, respectively, in walking scenarios. These strategies provide advanced blood pressure monitoring techniques, which would directly address an unmet clinical need or daily use for a highly vulnerable population.
A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study on Postsplenectomy Sepsis and its Prevention
Authors: Rieg Siegbert , Bechet Lena , Naujoks Kai , Hromek Julia , Lange Berit , Juzek-Küpper Marc-Fabian , Stete Katarina , Müller Matthias C , Jost Insa , Kern Winfried V , Theilacker Christian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
This study evaluated the impact of a dedicated outpatient service on vaccination uptake after splenectomy and on the incidence of postsplenectomy sepsis.

Methods
From 2009 to 2016 at the University Hospital Freiburg (Germany), asplenic patients were referred to a dedicated outpatient service, provided with comprehensive preventive care including vaccinations, and enrolled in a prospective cohort study. The impact of the service on vaccination uptake and the occurrence of severe sepsis/septic shock was compared between patients who had splenectomy (or were asplenic) within 3 months of study entry (“early study entry”) and those who had splenectomy (or were asplenic) &gt;3 months before study entry (“delayed study entry”).

Results
A total of 459 asplenic patients were enrolled, and 426 patients were followed prospectively over a median period of 2.9 years. Pneumococcal vaccine uptake within 3 months of splenectomy or first diagnosis of asplenia was 27% vs 71% among delayed study entry and early study entry patients, respectively (P &lt; .001). Forty-four episodes of severe sepsis or septic shock occurred in study patients: 22 after study entry and 22 before study entry. Streptococcus pneumoniae was more frequent among sepsis episodes that occurred before study entry (8/22) than after study entry (1/22 episodes). For episodes occurring after study entry, only a higher Charlson comorbidity index score was significantly associated with severe sepsis/septic shock postsplenectomy.

Conclusions
With dedicated outpatient care, high uptake of pneumococcal vaccination postsplenectomy was achieved. Sepsis episodes were largely of nonpneumococcal etiology in patients who had received dedicated postsplenectomy care.
‘Responsive’ Remodelling of Competition Law Enforcement
Authors: Ioannidou Maria 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Over the years, regulators have sought to improve the effectiveness of both private and public competition law enforcement. In EU competition law, recent debates have concerned damages actions for competition law violations and the empowerment of national competition authorities. These debates are often premised on a clear dichotomy between public and private competition law enforcement, each pursuing a distinct set of aims. This article employs a novel holistic approach, which is informed by the theories of responsive regulation and restorative justice, and argues in favour of a ‘responsive’ remodelling of competition law enforcement. Such a ‘responsive’ remodelling advocates flexibility in enforcement mechanisms, with the consensual participation of the affected stakeholders and the adoption of remedies to restore the inflicted harm. The article discusses the current system and its respective aims and problems, and highlights an emerging hybridisation of remedies. Building on this emerging practice, it then constructs the ‘responsive’ remodelling benchmark for effective compliance. It discusses how this benchmark can inform competition law enforcement and it considers its potential to increase compliance, countenance various legitimacy and accountability concerns, increase consumers’ access to markets and bring benefits to the affected parties.
The Fate of Accessory Minerals and Key Trace Elements During Anatexis and Magma Extraction
Authors: Schwindinger Martin , Weinberg Roberto F , White Richard W 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGranite genesis and crustal evolution are closely associated with partial melting in the lower or middle crust and extraction of granite magmas to upper crustal levels. This is generally thought to be the leading mechanism by which the upper continental crust became enriched in incompatible components such as the heat-producing elements U and Th through time. However, field evidence from anatectic terrains, the source rocks of granite magmas, raises doubt about the efficiency of this process. Leucosomes and associated leucogranites, representative of melts in such terrains, are often depleted in U, Th and REE compared to their source and therefore unable to enrich the upper crust in these elements. This paper demonstrates using anatectic turbidites exposed on Kangaroo Island that accessory minerals, the main hosts of U, Th and REE, become preferentially concentrated in the melanosomes, effectively removing these elements from the melt. Whole rock geochemistry and detailed petrography suggests that (1) peraluminous melts dissolve only small fractions of monazite and xenotime, because efficient apatite dissolution saturates melt early in phosphorous; and (2) local melt–host reaction emerging from melt migration may cause melt to crystallize in the magma extraction channelways in or close to the magma source region. Crystallization causes oversaturation of the magma triggering crystallization and capture of accessory minerals in the growing biotite-rich selvedge rather than in the melt channel itself. Crystallization of accessory minerals away from the leucosome explains the apparent under-saturation of elements hosted by these accessory minerals in the leucosome and leucogranites. While intense reworking of thick piles of turbidites, common in accretionary orogens, reflect important processes of crustal formation, the fate of accessory phases and the key elements they control, such as the heat producing elements U and Th, are strongly dependent on the interaction between melt and surrounding solids during segregation and extraction.