bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiologically based toxicokinetic models and in silico predicted partition coefficients to estimate tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin transfer from feed into growing pigs
Authors: Savvateeva Daria , Numata Jorge , Pieper Robert , Schafft Helmut , Lahrssen-Wiederholt Monika , Bulik Sascha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a ubiquitous, toxic, persistent and bioaccumulative organic pollutant. TCDD can potentially enter the food chain through contaminated food of animal origin as a consequence of feed contamination. Prediction of the TCDD transfer from feed into animal products is thus important for human health risk assessment. Here, we develop several physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models of TCDD transfer from contaminated feed into growing pigs (Sus scrofa) exposed to doses ranging from 24.52 to 3269.25 ng of TCDD. We test the consequences of explicit dose-dependent absorption (DDA) versus the indirect effects of a self-induced liver metabolism (SIM). The DDA and SIM models showed similar fit to experimental data, although currently it is not possible to unequivocally make statement on a mechanistic preference. The performance of both toxicokinetic models was successfully evaluated using the 1999 Belgian case of contaminated fats for feeding. In combination with toxicokinetic models of other dioxin congeners, they can be used to formulate maximum allowance levels of dioxins in feedstuffs for pigs. Additionally, the implementation of in silico-predicted partition coefficients was explored as a useful alternative to predict TCDD tissue distribution in low-dose scenarios without recurring to animal experiments.
Nonlinear Dirac Equations, Monotonicity Formulas and Liouville Theorems
Authors: Branding Volker 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We study the qualitative behavior of nonlinear Dirac equations arising in quantum field theory on complete Riemannian manifolds. In particular, we derive monotonicity formulas and Liouville theorems for solutions of these equations. Finally, we extend our analysis to Dirac-harmonic maps with curvature term.
Multi-proxy records of Mesolithic activity in the Lubuskie Lakeland (western Poland)
Authors: Sobkowiak-Tabaka Iwona , Pawłowski Dominik , Milecka Krystyna , Kubiak-Martens Lucy , Kostecki Robert , Janczak-Kostecka Beata , Goslar Tomasz , Ratajczak-Szczerba Magdalena 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe results of high-resolution records of pollen, plant macroremains and charred plant particles, diatoms, Cladocera and geochemistry from a 14C-dated core, and geomorphological studies enabled the reconstruction of landscape development at a site in western Poland which was occupied by Mesolithic hunter-gatherer groups. Special attention was paid to the evidence of human activities recorded in the sediments of the palaeolake located next to the archaeological site. The presence of pollen types from communities characteristic of openings in the forest, macroscopic/microscopic charcoal, and charred particles of herbaceous plants (mostly from between 5500 and 4600 bc, with clearly visible maxima ca 5300, 4900 and 4700 bc) evidence the changes related to these various kinds of activities. These analyses allowed us to reconstruct the fire events at and around the site as well as to consider whether they originated from natural or human induced fires. The increase in the biogenic sediments of elements such as Na, K and Mg indicate an intensive erosion of mineral soil between 5100 and 4600 bc, mirroring human activity in the vicinity of the Kopanica site. In addition, Cladocera analysis permitted a detailed recognition of palaeolake eutrophication ca 7200–4600 bc, also eutrophication induced by human impact between 5100 and 4600 bc.
A Faraday laser operating on Cs 852 nm transition
Authors: Chang Pengyuan , Chen Yilai , Shang Haosen , Guan Xiaolei , Guo Hong , Chen Jingbiao , Luo Bin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate a Faraday laser at Cs-D2 resonance line 852 nm using a Cs Faraday optical filter as frequency-selecting element. In contrast to typical diode laser with high stability of the emission frequency by additional control systems, our Faraday laser offers stable output frequency exactly set by the peak transmission frequency of the Cs 852 nm Faraday optical filter. The system works stably over a range of laser diode (LD) current from 60 to 130 mA and the LD temperature from 14 to 35 $$^{\circ }$$∘C, as well as the 48-h wavelength fluctuation range of no more than ± 2 p.m. A most probable linewidth of 17 kHz with Lorentz fitting is obtained by beating between two identical laser systems. The wavelength of our system is stabilized within transmission frequency region of 852 nm Faraday optical filter, and the peak of the transmission is corresponding to Cs atomic Doppler broadened line at the cell temperature of 41 $$^{\circ }$$∘C and the magnetic field of 330 G, making it suitable for laser-pumped Cs gas-cell and atomic beam frequency standard, etc. Moreover, this scheme is firstly used on Cs atom, opening new doors in research of Faraday laser and its applications.
Ideal timing of indwelling catheter removal after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with a running barbed suture technique: a prospective analysis of 425 consecutive patients
Authors: Lenart Sebastian , Berger Ingrid , Böhler Judith , Böhm Reinhard , Gutjahr Georg , Hartig Nikolaus , Koller Daniel , Lamche Michael , Madersbacher Stephan , Stolzlechner Michael , Wayand Claudia Elisa , Ponholzer Anton 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective
To compare prospectively early outcome and complications of catheter removal after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) on the 4th or 7th day with a standardized running barbed suture technique.

Introduction
The time point of removing the indwelling catheter after RARP mainly depends on institute’s/surgeon’s preferences. Removal should be late enough to avoid urinary leakage and complications such as acute urinary retention (AUR) but early enough to avoid unnecessary catheter indwelling.

Materials and methods
A consecutive single-institutional series of patients underwent RARP between July 2015 and August 2017 and were entered in a prospectively maintained data base. Between July 2015 and December 2016 a cystogram was performed on 7th postoperative day (group A), thereafter the cystogram was performed on 4th postoperative day (group B). Incidence of acute urinary retention (AUR), urinary tract infections (UTI) and adverse events between the two cohorts was compared.

Results
425 patients were analyzed (group A: n = 231; group B: n = 194). Both cohorts were comparable regarding demographic and oncological parameters. Watertight anastomosis was present in 84.8% in group A and in 82.5% in group B, respectively. AUR within 4 weeks after RARP occurred in 2.2% (n = 3) in A and 9.4% (n = 15) in B (p = 0.001). AUR within 72 h after catheter removal occurred in group A: 1% (n = 2) and in group B: 6.3% (n = 10) (p = 0.005). Symptomatic urinary tract infections occurred in 8.2% (n = 16) in group A and in 6.9% (n = 11) in group B. There were no differences in the rate of secondary anastomosis dehiscence. Age, BMI, prostate size, surgeon, or intraoperative bladder neck reconstruction were not correlated to the occurrence of AUR or UTI.

Conclusions
The removal of indwelling catheter on day 4 after a RARP with a running barbed suture shows similar anastomosis leakage rates as on the 7th postoperative day. However, AUR rates are higher for early removal. Patients scheduled for early removal should be carefully informed about the increased risk for AUR. Catheter indwelling time does not represent a risk factor for UTI.
A multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial on the bleeding profile of a drospirenone-only pill 4 mg over nine cycles in comparison with desogestrel 0.075 mg
Authors: Palacios Santiago , Colli Enrico , Regidor Pedro-Antonio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
A typical compliance problem in the use of traditional progestin-only pills is the irregular bleeding pattern and the strict daily intake. Desogestrel 75 mg has a 12-h missed-pill window; however, its poor cycle control limits a more common use.

Methods
A drospirenone (DRSP)-only pill was developed to improve the bleeding profile.

Setting
A phase III study in healthy women aged 18–45 years was performed to compare the bleeding profile and safety of a DRSP-only pill in a regime of 24 days of 4 mg of DRSP tablets followed by 4 days of placebo versus desogestrel 0.075 mg per day continuously over nine cycles.

Population
A total of 858 women with 6691 drospirenone and 332 women with 2487 desogestrel treatment cycles were analyzed.

Main outcome measures
The primary end point was the proportion of women with unscheduled bleeding/spotting in each cycle from cycles 2 to 9 and cumulative in cycles 2–4 and cycles 7–9.

Results
In each cycle, up to cycle 7, the proportion of women with unscheduled bleeding was statistically significantly lower in the DRSP group than in the DSG group (p = 0.0001, Chi-square test).

Conclusions
This report describes the improvement in bleeding profile of women using the new DRSP-only oral contraceptive in comparison to DSG, providing a better quality of live and adherence to the contraceptive method.
EudraCT Registration Number: 2011-002396-42.
Patient blood management (PBM) in pregnancy and childbirth: literature review and expert opinion
Authors: Surbek Daniel , Vial Yvan , Girard Thierry , Breymann Christian , Bencaiova Gabriela Amstad , Baud David , Hornung René , Taleghani Behrouz Mansouri , Hösli Irene 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposePatient blood management [PBM] has been acknowledged and successfully introduced in a wide range of medical specialities, where blood transfusions are an important issue, including anaesthesiology, orthopaedic surgery, cardiac surgery, or traumatology. Although pregnancy and obstetrics have been recognized as a major field of potential haemorrhage and necessity of blood transfusions, there is still little awareness among obstetricians regarding the importance of PBM in this area. This review, therefore, summarizes the importance of PBM in obstetrics and the current evidence on this topic.MethodWe review the current literature and summarize the current evidence of PBM in pregnant women and postpartum with a focus on postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) using PubMed as literature source. The literature was reviewed and analysed and conclusions were made by the Swiss PBM in obstetrics working group of experts in a consensus meeting.ResultsPBM comprises a series of measures to maintain an adequate haemoglobin level, improve haemostasis and reduce bleeding, aiming to improve patient outcomes. Despite the fact that the WHO has recommended PBM early 2010, the majority of hospitals are in need of guidelines to apply PBM in daily practice. PBM demonstrated a reduction in morbidity, mortality, and costs for patients undergoing surgery or medical interventions with a high bleeding potential. All pregnant women have a significant risk for PPH. Risk factors do exist; however, 60% of women who experience PPH do not have a pre-existing risk factor. Patient blood management in obstetrics must, therefore, not only be focused on women with identified risk factor for PPH, but on all pregnant women. Due to the risk of PPH, which is inherent to every pregnancy, PBM is of particular importance in obstetrics. Although so far, there is no clear guideline how to implement PBM in obstetrics, there are some simple, effective measures to reduce anaemia and the necessity of transfusions in women giving birth and thereby improving clinical outcome and avoiding complications.ConclusionPBM in obstetrics is based on three main pillars: diagnostic and/or therapeutic interventions during pregnancy, during delivery and in the postpartum phase. These three main pillars should be kept in mind by all professionals taking care of pregnant women, including obstetricians, general practitioners, midwifes, and anaesthesiologists, to improve pregnancy outcome and optimize resources.
Population genetics of 30 insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the Kuwaiti population
Authors: Haidar Mahdi , Alsaleh Hussain , Haddrill Penelope R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study evaluates the forensic utility of the 30 insertion and deletion (indel) markers contained in the Qiagen Investigator® DIPplex kit in the Kuwaiti population (n= 150). All but one of the 30 markers were shown to conform to the expectations of the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Linkage disequilibrium tests showed no statistically significant deviation from independence. The high combined power of discrimination (CPD > 99.999%) and low combined match probability (CMP) of 2.736 × 10−13provide a satisfactory level of discrimination, allowing the DIPplex loci to be used as forensic markers for individual identification in Kuwait. The paternity indices indicate the usefulness of the DIPplex kit as a supplementary typing system for challenging paternity cases in Kuwait.
Stable Matching with Uncertain Linear Preferences
Authors: Aziz Haris , Biró Péter , Gaspers Serge , de Haan Ronald , Mattei Nicholas , Rastegari Baharak 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe consider the two-sided stable matching setting in which there may be uncertainty about the agents’ preferences due to limited information or communication. We consider three models of uncertainty: (1) lottery model—for each agent, there is a probability distribution over linear preferences, (2) compact indifference model—for each agent, a weak preference order is specified and each linear order compatible with the weak order is equally likely and (3) joint probability model—there is a lottery over preference profiles. For each of the models, we study the computational complexity of computing the stability probability of a given matching as well as finding a matching with the highest probability of being stable. We also examine more restricted problems such as deciding whether a certainly stable matching exists. We find a rich complexity landscape for these problems, indicating that the form uncertainty takes is significant.
An investigation of stress inaccuracies and proposed solution in the material point method
Authors: González Acosta José Leόn , Vardon Philip J. , Remmerswaal Guido , Hicks Michael A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStress inaccuracies (oscillations) are one of the main problems in the material point method (MPM), especially when advanced constitutive models are used. The origins of such oscillations are a combination of poor force and stiffness integration, stress recovery inaccuracies, and cell crossing problems. These are caused mainly by the use of shape function gradients and the use of material points for integration in MPM.
The most common techniques developed to reduce stress oscillations consider adapting the shape function gradients so that they are continuous at the nodes. These techniques improve MPM, but problems remain, particularly in two and three dimensional cases. In this paper, the stress inaccuracies are investigated in detail, with particular reference to an implicit time integration scheme. Three modifications to MPM are implemented, and together these are able to remove almost all of the observed oscillations.
E-Mental Health Anwendungen für depressive und suizidale Menschen: eine Übersicht
Authors: Eichenberg Christiane 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Internet hat sich neben verschiedenen – auch klinisch relevanten – Risiken mittlerweile als ein wichtiges Instrument in Prävention, Selbsthilfe, Beratung und sogar Therapie psychischer Erkrankungen etabliert. Eine derartige Verwendung des Internets im Kontext psychischer und psychosomatischer Erkrankungen wird unter dem Begriff E‑Mental Health zusammengefasst. Online-Anwendungen gehen längst über die Informationsvermittlung durch Gesundheitswebsites hinaus und bestehen zudem aus internetbasierten Interventionsangeboten, Apps, Computerspielen, Social Media-Anwendungen oder Online-Foren. Da evidenzbasierte Therapieverfahren wie Psychotherapie und Psychopharmaka nach wie vor nicht optimal von der Mehrzahl der depressiven Patient_innen in der Bevölkerung genutzt werden, wurden mittlerweile insbesondere für Depressionen und auch Angststörungen zahlreiche Online-Anwendungen zur Behandlung entwickelt und erfolgreich evaluiert. Im Gegensatz dazu werden Online-Anwendungen für suizidale Menschen – vor allem sogenannte „Suizid-Foren“ – medial meist sehr kritisch bewertet. Im folgenden Beitrag werden daher die verschiedenen Anwendungen im E‑Mental-Health Bereich für depressive und suizidale Menschen übersichtsartig vorgestellt und ihre Chancen aber auch Risiken anhand von Forschungsergebnissen kritisch eingeordnet.
Epithelial tissue folding pattern in confined geometry
Authors: Inoue Yasuhiro , Tateo Itsuki , Adachi Taiji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe primordium of the exoskeleton of an insect is epithelial tissue with characteristic patterns of folds. As the insect develops from larva to pupa, the spreading of these folds produces the three-dimensional shape of the exoskeleton of the insect. It is known that the three-dimensional exoskeleton shape has already been encoded in characteristic patterns of folds in the primordium; however, a description of how the epithelial tissue forms with the characteristic patterns of folds remains elusive. The present paper suggests a possible mechanism for the formation of the folding pattern. During the primordium development, because of the epithelial tissue is surrounded by other tissues, cell proliferation proceeds within a confined geometry. To elucidate the mechanics of the folding of the epithelial tissue in the confined geometry, we employ a three-dimensional vertex model that expresses tissue deformations based on cell mechanical behaviors and apply the model to examine the effects of cell divisions and the confined geometry on epithelial folding. Our simulation results suggest that the orientation of the axis of cell division is sufficient to cause different folding patterns in silico and that the restraint of out-of-plane deformation due to the confined geometry determines the interspacing of the folds.
Zoonotic Pathogen Seroprevalence in Cattle in a Wildlife–Livestock Interface, Kenya
Authors: Nthiwa Daniel , Alonso Silvia , Odongo David , Kenya Eucharia , Bett Bernard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. and risk factors of exposure in cattle in three zones with varying land use types and wildlife–livestock interactions. Five villages were selected purposively; two in areas with intensive livestock–wildlife interactions (zone 1), another two in areas with moderate livestock–wildlife interactions (zone 2) and one in areas where wildlife–livestock interactions are rarer (zone 3). Sera samples were collected from 1170 cattle belonging to 390 herds in all the zones and tested for antibodies against Brucella abortus and Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo using ELISA kits. Data on putative risk factors for seropositivity of these pathogens in cattle were collected using a questionnaire. The overall apparent animal-level seroprevalence of brucellosis and leptospirosis was, respectively, 36.9% (95% CI 34.1–39.8) and 23.5% (95% CI 21.1–26.0). Brucella spp. seroprevalence was higher in zone 1 than in zones 2 and 3 (χ2 = 25.1, df = 2, P < 0.001). Zones 1 and 2 had significantly higher Leptospira spp. seroprevalence than zone 3 (χ2 = 7.0, df = 2, P = 0.029). Results of multivariable analyses identified animal sex (female) and zones (high interface area) as significant predictors (P < 0.05) of animal-level seropositivity of Brucella spp. For Leptospira spp., important predictors of animal-level seropositivity were animal sex (female), zones (moderate interface area) and herds utilizing a communal grazing reserve. The seroprevalences of Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. in cattle were higher in areas with moderate to high wildlife–livestock interactions than those with rare interactions.
Purchases of medicines among community-dwelling older people: comparing people in the last 2 years of life and those who lived at least 2 years longer
Authors: Pulkki Jutta , Aaltonen Mari , Raitanen Jani , Rissanen Pekka , Jylhä Marja , Forma Leena 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile it is known that those who are living their last years are frequent users of social and health services, research about medicines at the end of life is scarce. We examined whether the proportions of purchasers and the types of prescription medicines purchased during a 2-year period differed between community-dwelling old people who died (decedents) in 2002, 2006 or 2011 and old people who lived at least 2 years longer (survivors) in Finland. We also examined how those differences changed over time. The study population was identified from nationwide registers and consisted of 174,097 community-dwelling people who were 70 years of age or older. Of these, 81,893 were decedents and 92,204 survivors. Data on purchases of medicines were gathered from the Finnish prescription database. Along with descriptive analyses, binary logistic regression analysis was used to find the association between decedent status and the purchase of medicines in general and different categories of medicines in particular. Almost all community-dwelling decedents and survivors purchased medicines at least once during the 2-year period. Over time, the proportion of purchasers increased in both groups but especially among survivors, thereby reducing the differences between the groups. However, the probability of purchasing medicines in general and different categories of medicine in particular remained significantly higher for decedents than for survivors after adjustments. This study shows that purchases of medication are concentrated at the end of life, as is the use of social and health services. However, the differences between decedents and survivors diminish over time.
The ENHANCED MAGNAPORTHE RESISTANCE 1 locus affects Ramularia leaf spot development in barley
Authors: McGrann Graham R. D. , Miller Steven , Havis Neil D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRamularia leaf spot (RLS) is a newly-important disease of barley which is caused when the fungus Ramularia collo-cygni enters necrotrophic development during colonisation of the host. Mutant alleles at the barley MILDEW LOCUS O, mlo, locus confer broad spectrum durable resistance against the powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, but can enhance susceptibility to pathogens with necrotrophic development stages such as R. collo-cygni. Given the importance of mlo in spring barley breeding programmes, identifying loci that mitigate the effect of mlo-mediated susceptibility on necrotrophic disease development is an important target. Mutation of the ENHANCED MAGNAPORTHE 1 (emr1) locus which can affect mlo-associated disease susceptibility, leads to a reduction in RLS symptoms on barley leaves but does not reduce R. collo-cygni accumulation. The effect of emr1 on the transition of R. collo-cygni from endophyte to necrotroph may relate to changes in reactive oxygen species in mutant plants which show reduced sensitivity to chloroplastic superoxide induced cell death and has lower relative chlorophyll content compared to mlo plants.