bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and delamination studies on siliconized chitosan and morinda‐citrifolia natural fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite in drilling
Authors: G Manikandan , V Jaiganesh , R Ravi Raja Malarvannan , VR Arun Prakash 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this research, the effect of siliconized chitosan biopolymeric particles and morinda fiber in epoxy composite and their mechanical and machining behavior were studied. The primary aim of this research was to investigate how the silane‐treatment influences the surfaces of natural biopolymeric particle and fiber in epoxy composite and to study the mechanical and machining behavior. The chitosan and morinda fibers were surface‐treated using an amino silane 3‐Aminopropyltrimethoxylane (APTMS) via aqueous solution method. The composites were prepared using the hand lay‐up method followed by post‐curing at 120οC. The mechanical results showed that the silane surface‐treated chitosan and morinda natural fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite gives improved tensile, flexural and impact results of 148 MPa, 163Mpa and 6.9 J respectively. The inter‐laminar shear strength of silane‐treated morinda fiber gave the highest value of 28 MPa. Similarly, in the drilling process, the surface‐treated reinforcements showed the highest adhesion with matrix without any delamination. The drilled hole dimension stability at the top and the bottom surface was significantly high for silane‐treated epoxy composites. The scanning electron microscope images revealed high adhesion of fiber and uniform dispersion of chitosan particle in the epoxy matrix. Hence, this study confirms that silane surface‐treatment is an essential process while making high‐performance natural composites for various engineering applications.
Performance of diagnostic ultrasound to identify causes of hydramnios
Authors: Adam Marie‐José , Enderle Isabelle , Le Bouar Gwenaëlle , Cabaret‐Dufour Anne‐Sophie , Tardif Cécile , Contin Laurence , Arnaud Alexis , Proisy Maïa , Jaillard Sylvie , Pasquier Laurent , Le Lous Maela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to assess the diagnostic yield of ultrasonography in the identification of the etiology of hydramnios, and the added value of MRI or amniocentesis.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective study including pregnancies with confirmed hydramnios (defined as deepest pocket ≥8 cm) between January 2013 and May 2017. Twin pregnancies, secondary hydramnios discovered after the diagnosis of a causal pathology, and pregnancies of unknown outcome were excluded. All pregnancies underwent a targeted scan, and selected cases underwent MRI or amniocentesis.ResultsA total of 158 patients with confirmed hydramnios were included. Hydramnios was associated with a fetal pathology in 37 cases (23.4%), with diabetes in 39 (24.6%), isolated macrosomia in 16 (10.1%), and considered idiopathic in 66 (41.7%). Ultrasonography established a diagnosis of the underlying pathology in 73% of cases. Amniocentesis was done in 31 cases (20%) and it allowed diagnosis of chromosome anomalies, esophageal atresia, myotonic dystrophy congenital type, Prader‐Willi syndrome, and Bartter syndrome. MRI was done in 15 cases (10%) and it allowed one additional diagnosis of esophageal atresia. The diagnostic yields of MRI and amniocentesis were 91.7% and 95.2%, respectively. There were five false positive diagnoses at ultrasonography, and one false positive diagnosis at MRI.ConclusionHydramnios can be associated with a wide variety of underlying pathologies. Diagnostic ultrasound can attain a diagnosis in the majority of cases. Amniocentesis offers a valuable complementary assessment.
Sorption‐induced polymer rearrangement: approaches from molecular modeling
Authors: Anstine Dylan M , Colina Coray M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the growing need for chemical separation and chemical storage solutions, polymeric adsorbents have emerged as a promising class of candidate materials because of their potentially tunable sorption properties, membrane structure and relatively cost consciousness. Moreover, the developing field of polymeric membrane materials has shown particular success at integrating both experimental and computational studies. However, these material systems are known to suffer from varying degrees of induced membrane structural rearrangement upon adsorbate uptake, and thus many polymeric membrane performance metrics are often considered to degrade with an increasing number of ‘guest’ species. In this mini‐review, we highlight methodology tradeoffs and provide insights into atomistic molecular simulations used to study adsorption with flexible frameworks, which have the potential to predict separation, storage or catalytic capabilities a priori to experimental efforts. Specifically, molecular simulation methods that have been applied to provide predictions of polymeric membrane properties that have included consideration for sorbate‐induced polymer chain rearrangement, swelling and/or plasticization are reviewed. The examples and methodologies described provide demonstrations of the applicability of simulations as an approach to understand adsorption‐based phenomena at an atomistic/molecular level, and as a tool to carry out screening studies aimed at efficiently providing analysis for a diversity of polymeric adsorbent–adsorbate systems. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Organic photovoltaic modules with new world record efficiencies
Authors: Distler Andreas , Brabec Christoph J. , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuring the last years, the development of new active materials has led to constant improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solution‐processed organic photovoltaics (OPV) to nowadays record values above 17% on small lab cells. In this work, we show the developments and results of a successful upscaling of such highly efficient OPV systems to the module level on large areas, which yielded two new certified world record efficiencies, namely, 12.6% on a module area of 26 cm2 and 11.7% on a module area of 204 cm2. The decisive developments leading to this achievement include the optimization of the module layout as well as the high‐resolution short‐pulse (nanosecond) laser structuring processes involved in the manufacturing of such modules. By minimizing the inactive areas within the total module area that are used for interconnecting the individual solar cells of the module in series, geometric fill factors of over 95% have been achieved. A production yield of 100% working modules during the manufacturing of these modules and an extremely narrow distribution of the final PCE values underline the excellent process control and reproducibility of the results. The new developments and their implementation into the production process of the record OPV modules are described in detail, along with the challenges that arose during this development. Finally, dark lock‐in thermography (DLIT), electroluminescence (EL), and photoluminescence (PL) measurements of the record module are presented.
Cancer and severe mental illness: Bi‐directional problems and potential solutions
Authors: Grassi Luigi , Riba Michelle 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveGiven the reported increased rates of physical morbidity and higher mortality rates among people with severe mental illness (SMI) (schizophrenia and severe mood disorders), with a life expectancy shorter of 15‐20 years with respect to the general population, the aim of this paper was to call attention to the problem of cancer in SMI.MethodsWe conducted a narrative review of the most significant papers published in the areas of cancer screening, incidence, mortality and palliative care in SMI.ResultsData from the literature confirm disparities in screening (eg, mammography; pap‐smear test; colorectal cancer screening) and prevention (eg, clinical breast examination; smoking cessation). The incidence of cancer was found to be variable with a portion of the studies reporting a higher prevalence while others a similar or a lower prevalence of cancer compared to the general population. A lower percentage of patients with SMI received proper cancer treatment resulting in survival after cancer diagnosis significantly worse than people without SMI. Likewise, end‐of‐life care has been shown to be lacking with poorer levels of physical, psychological and spiritual care.ConclusionsThe problems of stigma and discrimination, poorer dignity, poorer health behavior, lack of integration in health‐care services for people with SMI needs to be addressed and solved in cancer care. Psycho‐oncology has a very specific and mandatory role in integrating the recommendation of the World Health Organization to improve the links between oncology and mental health settings for more specific psycho‐oncology programs addressed for this vulnerable segment of the population.
Using formative evaluation to plan for electronic psychosocial screening in pediatric oncology
Authors: Gilleland Marchak Jordan , Halpin Sean N. , Escoffery Cam , Owolabi Shadé , Mertens Ann C. , Wasilewski‐Masker Karen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate how formative research methods can be used to plan for implementation of evidence‐based psychosocial screening in pediatric oncology.MethodsMultidisciplinary pediatric oncology professionals participated in focus groups to adapt the distress thermometer for electronic administration and develop health systems processes to promote psychosocial screening in the pediatric oncology outpatient clinic setting. Seven 1‐hour focus groups were conducted using a structured guide based on the reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance framework and transcribed verbatim. Two independent raters coded transcripts using a quasi‐deductive approach with high inter‐coder reliability (Cohen kappa >0.80).ResultsParticipants' (N = 44) responses were used to identify overarching topics related to the adoption, implementation, and maintenance of electronic screening (e‐screening) including: barriers to meeting families' psychosocial needs, identification of champions, suggestions to adapt the proposed e‐screening program, perceived barriers to e‐screening, and potential impact of carrying out e‐screening. Following review of qualitative data, we employed specific implementation strategies to promote adoption, implementation, and maintenance of an e‐screening program.ConclusionsPerceived barriers to the implementation of psychosocial screening remain substantial, yet enthusiasm for using electronic health records (EHRs) technology to help meet patient needs through regular assessment was evident among pediatric oncology professionals. Electronic administration of screening and integration of results into the EHR in real time were identified as critical needs to overcome barriers to e‐screening. Formative research including qualitative data from stakeholders can be used to tailor implementation strategies to successfully support the adoption, implementation, and maintenance of e‐screening programs in pediatric oncology.
The Educational Inequalities in the Disadvantaged Social Strata of Romani Population
Authors: Özbaş Mehmet 
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study is to determine the variables that create inequality for children from disadvantaged social strata in their process of compulsory education. The study was carried out in Erzincan, which is a significant city located in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, in 2017. Nearly, 117 parents from disadvantaged social strata participated in the study. Disadvantaged children face the most serious problems in education. Those families were poor and disadvantaged Romanies, so their children did not attend the school. The study reveals that the inhabitants of a disadvantaged social stratum of this study mostly come from the ethnic origin of Romanies. This study was designed in a descriptive research model and carried out with face‐to‐face interview method. The semi‐structured interview form of “Educational Inequalities in Disadvantaged Social Strata” was used in this study. The semi‐structured interview form has been developed for this study. The study also reveals that 76 percent of disadvantaged families are not able to receive any proper economic support from the state they needed for their children. The disadvantaged families claim that authorities have never told them the true meaning, significance, and functions of compulsory education. In addition, the study reveals that the biggest obstacles are having poorly educated parents and financial insecurity for disadvantaged families in terms of their social, economic, and individual growth. The study reveals that the lack of continuous cash transfers to the students of disadvantaged strata creates social injustice and inequality in compulsory education. It is highly recommended that continued economic support should be given for the students from disadvantaged families to meet their basic psychological and human needs.
Detection of long‐lived species in plasma‐activated water, based on digital colorimetry
Authors: Zou Zhenping , Han Rui , Lu Chen , Xiong Zilan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo fit a specific application, a cheap and effective manner of measurement of chemistries in plasma‐activated water (PAW) is in demand. We propose a digital colorimetry‐based method of quantifying the long‐lived species in PAW using only smartphones and specialized software. Pin−plate discharge and surface microdischarge were used to generate the PAWs. H2O2 and NO2− were selected as representatives for the test. Various color parameters were extracted from images of a solution consisting of testing species and colorimetric reagent. Specialized curve‐fitting strategies were developed during data processing. The results were consistent with those measured by UV–Vis spectrometry, but they provided better performance and simplified operation. Additionally, the proposed PAW generator design can be integrated with the detecting module based on this method.
Electromagnetic inductance plethysmography to study airflow after nebulized saline in bronchiolitis
Authors: Sautter Marie , Halvorsen Thomas , Engan Mette , Clemm Hege , Bentsen Mariann H. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpirometric effects from therapeutic interventions in infants with severe respiratory distress cannot readily be measured, hampering development of better treatment for acute bronchiolitis. Inhaled normal saline is regularly used in these infants, with little knowledge of how this influences lung physiology.ObjectivesAssess feasibility of infant lung function testing using electromagnetic inductance plethysmography (EIP) in a clinical setting in a busy pediatric department, and explore effects from inhaled normal saline on tidal flow‐volume loops in infants with acute bronchiolitis.MethodsObservational study conducted at the Children's Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway during the winters 2016 and 2017, enrolling children with bronchiolitis below six months of age. EIP was performed immediately before and 5 and 20 min after saline inhalation. EIP is a noninvasive method to measure tidal breathing parameters by quantifying volume changes in the chest and abdomen during respiration. The method consists of an electromagnet/antenna and a patient vest.ResultsEIP was successfully applied in 36/45 (80%) enrolled infants at mean (standard deviation) age 2.9 (2.5) months, after a hospital stay of 2.2 (1.9) days. After saline inhalation, tidal expiratory to inspiratory time ratio (Te/Ti) had increased significantly, whereas the other relevant flow/volume parameters had changed numerically in a direction compatible with a more obstructive pattern.ConclusionsEIP could successfully be used to obtain tidal breathing parameters in infants with respiratory distress and appears a promising tool for assessment of therapeutic interventions in bronchiolitis. Saline inhalations should be used with caution as placebo in intervention studies.
Apolipoprotein Proteomic Profiling for the Prediction of Cardiovascular Death in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Lemesle Gilles , Chouraki Vincent , de Groote Pascal , Turkieh Annie , Beseme Olivia , Drobecq Hervé , Amouyel Philippe , Lamblin Nicolas , Bauters Christophe , Pinet Florence 
Published: September 2020

PurposeRisk stratification in chronic systolic heart failure (HF) is critical to identify the patients who may benefit from advanced therapies. It is aimed at identifying new biomarkers to improve prognosis evaluation and help to better understand HF physiopathology.Experimental designPrognostic evaluation is performed in 198 patients with chronic systolic HF: 99 patients who died from cardiovascular cause within three years are individually matched for age, sex, and HF etiology (ischemic vs not) with 99 patients who are alive after three years of HF evaluation. A proteomic profiling of 15 apolipoproteins (Apo) is performed: Apo‐A1, ‐A2, ‐A4, ‐B100, ‐C1, ‐C2, ‐C3, ‐C4, ‐D, ‐E, ‐F, ‐H, ‐J, ‐L1, and ‐M using LC‐MRM‐MS.ResultsIn univariate analysis, the levels of Apo‐B100 and ‐L1 are significantly lower and the levels of Apo‐C1, ‐J, and ‐M are significantly higher in patients who died from cardiovascular cause as compared with patients alive. In the final statistical model, Apo‐C1, Apo‐J, and Apo‐M improve individually the prediction of cardiovascular death. Ingenuity pathway analysis indicates these three Apo in a network associated with lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis signaling, and retinoid X receptor activation.ConclusionsProteomic profiling of apolipoproteins using LC‐MRM‐MS might be useful in clinical practice for risk stratification of HF patients.
Modelling the effect of moose Alces alces population density and regional forest structure on the amount of damage in forest seedling stands
Authors: Nikula Ari , Matala Juho , Hallikainen Ville , Pusenius Jyrki , Ihalainen Antti , Kukko Tuomas , Korhonen Kari T 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMoose (Alces alces L.) populations and moose damage in forests are debated in Nordic countries with dense moose populations. Moose populations and food resources vary greatly, both spatially and temporally, and reliable data covering both variables simultaneously at the same scale have seldom been available. We modelled the effect of moose population density and forest resources on the area of moose damage at regional scale, referring to moose management areas (MMA). Forest data and moose damage data originated from the Finnish National Forest Inventory, and the moose population data came from a Bayesian moose model. For modelling, average values of moose population, damage and forest variables were calculated for the periods 2004–2008 and 2009–2013 for each MMA. The MMAs were further classified into one of four larger geographical zones. The area of moose damage was used as a dependent variable, and the proportions of different types of forests and moose population densities per land area or area of seedling stands as explanatory variables. The relationships were modelled with a linear mixed‐effects model with an exponential spatial correlation structure.RESULTSThe area of moose damage was best explained by total forest area, proportions of plantations and mature forests, and moose population density per land area or the proportion of plantations. There were differences among the biogeographical zones in how different variables explained the amount of damage.CONCLUSIONThe results provide tools for analyzing the regional effects of moose population density and the amount of food resources on the amount of moose damage. This information can be used in reconciling sustainable moose population levels and the amount of damage.
Integration of quadratic loss function approach in the economic design of VSI control chart with combined attribute‐variable inspection
Authors: Wan Qiang , Zhu Mei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a variable sampling interval control chart for monitoring the process mean using combined attribute‐variable inspection. An economic design of the proposed chart using Taguchi's quadratic loss function is presented. The proposed model minimizes the total expected cost per unit time while minimizing out‐of‐control average time‐to‐signal and maintaining reasonable in‐control average time‐to‐signal. The numerical results indicate that, compared with the corresponding fixed sampling interval control chart scheme, the proposed control chart yields better performance in terms of both shorter time to signal a process shift and less total expected cost per unit time. Sensitivity analyses of the cost model are also carried out by using a fractional factorial experimental design.
An extended looped‐functional for stability analysis of sampled‐data systems
Authors: Park JunMin , Park PooGyeon 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article introduces an extended looped‐functional for stability analysis of sampled‐data systems. It is defined as a differentiable functional over an interval between two consecutive sampling instants which has a property that the difference between its values at the latter sampling instant and at the former sampling instant is nonnegative. The proposed looped‐functional includes the existing discontinuous Lyapunov functional and looped‐functional as special cases. Based on the proposed looped‐functional, improved stability criteria are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Three examples show the effectiveness of the proposed criteria in the view of maximum allowable sampling intervals.
Effects of dewatering on behavior, distribution, and abundance of larval lampreys
Authors: Harris Julianne E. , Skalicky Joseph J. , Liedtke Theresa L. , Weiland Lisa K. , Clemens Benjamin J. , Gray Ann E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic dewatering of aquatic habitats can cause stranding and mortality of burrowed larval lampreys; however, the effects of dewatering have not been quantified. We assessed: (a) changes in spatial distribution, abundance, and emergence of larvae dewatered at Leaburg Reservoir (OR); (b) emergence and mortality of larvae dewatered in a laboratory; and (c) bias, precision, and interpretation of field results by simulation and modeling of laboratory results. In the field, we examined the distribution, abundance (by N‐mixture model), and density of larvae by electrofishing at randomly selected sites before dewatering and after refill, and assessed the emergence rate by observation and excavation during dewatering. Due to dewatering in the field, about 42% of larvae emerged and spatial distribution changed toward sites dewatered less than 20 hours. Estimated average density decreased from 10.8 larvae/m2 before dewatering to 2.3 larvae/m2 after refilling, suggesting that abundance declined by 79%; simulation suggested this decline ranged 71–84% (interquartile range). In the laboratory, we examined the emergence and mortality rates of larvae dewatered 0–48 hrs. The emergence rate in the laboratory was similar to that in the field. Mortality rate increased with hours dewatered and was higher for emerged than burrowed larvae. Laboratory estimates of mortality rate predicted a 61% decline in abundance if only burrowed larvae survived and a 54% decline if both burrowed and emerged larvae survived. Abundance declines in the field could be from mortality (e.g., desiccation, predation) and relocation to watered habitat. Our results indicate dewatering can substantially affect spatial distribution and abundance of larval lampreys in freshwater ecosystems.