bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging roles of SIRT6 in human diseases and its modulators
Authors: Liu Gang , Chen Haiying , Liu Hua , Zhang Wenbo , Zhou Jia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe biological functions of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6; e.g., deacetylation, defatty‐acylation, and mono‐ADP‐ribosylation) play a pivotal role in regulating lifespan and several fundamental processes controlling aging such as DNA repair, gene expression, and telomeric maintenance. Over the past decades, the aberration of SIRT6 has been extensively observed in diverse life‐threatening human diseases. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the critical roles of SIRT6 in the onset and progression of human diseases including cancer, inflammation, diabetes, steatohepatitis, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, viral infections, renal and corneal injuries, as well as the elucidation of the related signaling pathways. Moreover, we discuss the advances in the development of small molecule SIRT6 modulators including activators and inhibitors as well as their pharmacological profiles toward potential therapeutics for SIRT6‐mediated diseases.
Trio‐WES reveals a novel de novo missense mutation of KMT2A in a Chinese patient with Wiedemann‐Steiner syndrome: A case report
Authors: Wang Xiong , Zhang Guijiao , Lu Yanjun , Luo Xiaoping , Wu Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWiedemann‐Steiner Syndrome (WSS) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition caused by mutations in the KMT2A gene. Lysine methyltransferase, encoded by KMT2A, plays critical roles in the regulation of gene expression during early development.MethodsTrio‐based whole exome sequencing (Trio‐WES) was performed on a 15 months old Chinese girl and her two parents by MyGenostics (Beijing, China) using the Illumina HiSeq X ten system. Variants were confirmed with Sanger sequencing. She exhibited mild/moderate intellectual disability (ID), hypotonia, hypertrichosis cubiti, hypertrichosis on the back, dysmorphic facies, psychomotor retardation, growth delay, small and puffy hands, fat pads anterior to calcanei, and palmar/plantar grooves.ResultsTrio‐WES revealed a novel de novo mutation of KMT2A gene (NM_001197104.1: c.3566G>T, p.Cys1189Phe). WSS was diagnosed based on WES and clinical features.ConclusionOur findings expand the phenotypic and mutation spectra of WSS.
Rapid measurement of the low contrast detectability of CT scanners
Authors: Omigbodun Akinyinka , Vaishnav J. Y. , Hsieh Scott S. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeLow contrast detectability (LCD) is a metric of fundamental importance in computed tomography (CT) imaging. In spite of this, its measurement is challenging in the context of nonlinear data processing. We introduce a new framework for objectively characterizing LCD with a single scan of a special‐purpose phantom and automated analysis software. The output of the analysis software is a “machine LCD” metric which is more representative of LCD than contrast‐noise ratio (CNR). It is not intended to replace human observer or model observer studies.MethodsFollowing preliminary simulations, we fabricated a phantom containing hundreds of low‐contrast beads. These beads are acrylic spheres (1.6 mm, net contrast ~10 HU) suspended and randomly dispersed in a background matrix of nylon pellets and isoattenuating saline. The task was to search for and localize the beads. A modified matched filter was used to automatically scan the reconstruction and select candidate bead localizations of varying confidence. These were compared to bead locations as determined from a high‐dose reference scan to produce free‐response ROC curves. We compared iterative reconstruction (IR) and filtered backpropagation (FBP) at multiple dose levels between 40 and 240 mAs. The scans at 60, 120, and 180 mAs were performed three times each to estimate uncertainty.ResultsExperimental scans demonstrated the feasibility of our technique. Our metric for machine LCD was the area under the exponential transform of the FROC curve (AUC). AUC increased monotonically from 0.21 at 40 mAs to 0.84 at 240 mAs. The sample standard deviation of AUC was approximately 0.02. This measurement uncertainty in AUC corresponded to a change in tube current of 4% to 8%. Surprisingly, we found that AUCs for IR were slightly worse than AUCs for FBP. While the phantom was sufficient for these experiments, it contained small air bubbles and alternative fabrication methods will be necessary for widespread utilization.ConclusionsIt is feasible to measure machine LCD using a search task on a phantom with hundreds of beads and to obtain tight error bars using only a single scan. Our method could facilitate routine quality assurance or possibly enable comparisons between different protocols and scanners.
Managing uncommon and unexpected findings during neuromuscular ultrasound
Authors: Walker Francis O. , Cartwright Michael S. , Hunt Christopher H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne barrier to widespread adoption of neuromuscular ultrasound by clinical neurophysiologists is concern over how to identify and manage non‐neuromuscular findings. This review addresses this concern by describing the sonographic appearance of a variety of commonly observed pathologies and anatomic variants in dermal, subcutaneous, bony, glandular, lymphatic, vascular, and other superficial tissues. Additionally, it outlines techniques to ensure proper clinical and ultrasound evaluation of unexpected or uncommon findings. Finally, it highlights strategies to manage unexpected findings, including how to best communicate findings to patients and referring clinicians to avoid unnecessary testing and ensure appropriate follow‐up. Ultrasound extends the ability of the neuromuscular sonographer‐clinician to contribute to patient care.
Accurate numerical integration for the quadrilateral and hexahedral finite elements
Authors: Xie Ziqing , Zhang Shangyou 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe numerical integration for the bilinear form of quadrilateral or hexahedral finite elements can never be exact. It is discovered that the standard Gauss‐Legendre integration is exact if one of the two Qk polynomials in the bilinear form is a Pk polynomial. Based on this observation, it is proved the Qk finite elements, under practical numerical integration, retain the optimal order of convergence on general quadrilateral grids in 2 dimensional space, and on general hexahedral grids in 3 dimensional space. Numerical tests are provided, verifying all theoretic findings.
Rubber injection molding: Applying multivariate statistics to identify quality issues solely from process signals
Authors: Hutterer Thomas , Berger‐Weber Gerald Roman , Kerschbaumer Roman Christopher , Friesenbichler Walter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInjection‐molded rubber parts are widely used in automotive, aeronautical, and industrial engineering applications Therefore, such rubber parts are often critical to the safe operation of the entire system, and part failure can result in significant human or environmental damage. To avoid shipping any parts of subpar quality, manufacturers need to continuously monitor the quality of their product. xIn this work, we apply a principal component analysis (PCA) based process monitoring method. This method is able to detect process fluctuations (faults) in real‐time solely from sensor data features, only requiring pretraining on data from about 10 in‐control cycles. Specific faults were set to critically affect the dynamic performance of the manufactured NBR rubber parts. Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) was employed to automatically cluster individual molding cycles into those of being in control, those of defectives caused by unfavorable raw material storage and those of out‐of‐tolerance induced by an overheated mold, again solely from sensor data. Both PCA fault detection and FDA fault identification decisions were validated by oscillatory rheology and dynamic compression testing of the manufactured parts. This combined method approach is scalable, transferable, and can be implemented on standard industrial injection molding equipment.
Early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy using a combined deep inspiration breath hold and free breathing technique: case report and literature review
Authors: Arbab Mona , Bartlett Gregory , DesRosiers Colleen , Maxim Peter G , Lautenschlaeger Tim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis case report introduces a new stereotactic body radiation therapy technique using combined deep inspiration breath hold and free breathing to treat lung tumors adjacent to the chest wall. Patients with lung lesions in proximity to the chest wall are at increased risk of developing chest wall toxicity, including pain and rib fracture. We report a case of a 63‐year‐old female former smoker with stage IA1 left lower lobe adenocarcinoma of the lung who was treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy using the deep inspiration breath hold technique and had to receive her last two fractions with free breathing, as she developed a cold and could not hold their breath. This combination resulted in a significant reduction in chest wall 1 cc and maximum dose.
Assessment of the effect of imputation of missing values on the performance of Phase II multivariate control charts
Authors: Fernández Julia I. , Pagura José A. , Quaglino Marta B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObservations with missing data are a typical predicament in the context of multivariate statistical process control (MSPC). When process control is performed using a control chart of the principal components (PCs), several score imputation methods have been proposed. Some of these lead to estimators with good properties. However, there are no detailed studies pertaining the performance of Phase II Hotelling's and squared prediction error (SPE) charts when such imputation methods are used. In this paper, a simulation study was conducted to assess the consequences of the estimation of incomplete observations using score imputation methods on and SPE control charts. The study involves several scenarios that combine different correlation structures for the PCA model, methods of score estimation, percentages of missing data and patterns of incomplete information. Results show that the charts' standard control limits are adequate only for small percentages of missing values and that their average run lengths (ARLs) tend to be larger than expected in out‐of‐control situations. To illustrate the conclusions of the study, we present two examples. Our findings lead us to suggest a modification that may result in an improvement in the performance of the and SPE control charts.
Effect of fog and scintillation on performance of vertical free‐space optical link from Earth to low Earth orbit satellite
Authors: Ashraf Amal , Zaghloul Adel , Shaalan Abdalhameed A. , Kasban Hany 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThis paper studies the effects of fog and scintillation attenuations on the performance of the vertical free‐space optical (FSO) link from the Earth to low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite. FSO link performance was investigated under different foggy conditions and turbulence by calculating the power received, achieved data rate, and link margin. Different parameters were studied such as the wavelength, the transmitted power, the divergence angle, and the diameter of receiving optical antenna. The results show that the FSO performance can be improved using 1,550‐nm wavelength, increasing the transmitted power to a range of 5 mW and reducing the divergence angle to a range of 1 μrad.
Experience base, strategy‐by‐doing and new product performance
Authors: Chen Liang , Wang Mengmeng , Cui Lin , Li Sali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryStrategy research views firms' diverse experience base as critical to new product success. It also champions strategy‐by‐doing in entrepreneurial settings. This study juxtaposes and bridges these two perspectives to better understand product development. We propose that while a firm's product portfolio diversity contributes to new product success only to a certain degree, design iteration—a postlaunch strategy‐by‐doing approach—is positively associated with new product performance. Our core contribution points to a complementary relationship: strategy‐by‐doing helps mitigate the capacity constraints problem that prevents firms from successfully adapting product development capabilities to a dynamic market. Our analysis of a sample of 2,182 nascent mobile apps from 564 top producers in the U.S. market supports our hypotheses. We discuss implications for product development, strategy‐by‐doing, and technology innovation literature.Managerial SummarySuccessful product development establishes firms' competitive advantage. The burgeoning digital economy increasingly prompts product development to depend on strategy‐by‐doing and requires firms to adapt a product's design over its lifecycle. Through analyzing a sample of newly launched mobile apps in the U.S. market, we find that while a firm's product portfolio diversity improves new product success to a certain degree, design iteration, a distinct approach to strategy‐by‐doing, underpins a new product's continual attractiveness to users. Moreover, frequent design iterations can overcome the barriers that innovator firms face when applying a diverse repertoire of experiences to product development.
Assessing preferences of two zoo‐housed Aldabran giant tortoises (Aldabrachelys gigantea) for three stimuli using a novel preference test
Authors: Learmonth Mark James , Sherwen Sally , Hemsworth Paul H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent research has uncovered many complex cognitive traits and affective processes in many reptile species, such as the ability to make choices that are rewarding or pleasurable. The investigation herein was initiated after many years of anecdotal reports, and preliminary observations, that the two male Aldabran giant tortoises (Aldabrachelys gigantea), Wilbur and Little John, at Melbourne Zoo (Melbourne, Australia) would approach the fence‐line of their enclosure, sometimes multiple times daily, to “solicit” interactions from zoo visitors and/or zoo staff. Following other research with Galapagos giant tortoises (Geochelone nigra), this experiment was a novel preference test with two male Aldabran giant tortoises to assess their individual preferences for three stimuli: (1) human interaction (shell and neck rubs provided using hands); (2) food (highly palatable carrot pieces); and (3) an “enrichment” ball (a red “boomer ball”). The results found that Wilbur highly preferred human interaction and food over the ball; whereas Little John preferred food, and showed some initial interest in the ball, but did not approach the human on any of his 13 human interaction trials. These results reflect previous published findings, that human interaction is a preferred “enrichment,” but is dependent upon a multitude of other contextual factors, and is not preferred at all times by all individuals. Individual variation may be very important to understand to have greater positive effect on the welfare‐related needs of each giant tortoise housed in captivity. Further research is clearly required to enhance the welfare and well‐being of many types of zoo‐housed reptiles.
Einführung
Authors: Belz Malte 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDiese Arbeit zeigt, dass Füllpartikeln wie äh und ähm verschiedene akustische Realisierungen annehmen, die nicht immer arbiträr sind (kontextfreie Variation), sondern in bestimmten Fällen durch ihren Auftretenskontext (kontextbedingte Variation) erklärt werden können. Zuvor werden die im Deutschen vorhandenen Füllpartikelformen beobachtet und quantifiziert. Damit füllt die Arbeit eine Lücke in der Beschreibung und Erklärung von Füllpartikeln im Deutschen – bis heute gibt es keine genaue Vorstellung, welches phonetische Material als Füllpartikel zu bewerten ist und in welchem Ausmaß diese Formen durch ihren Kontext bedingt werden.
Quantum BMS transformations in conformally flat space-times and holography
Authors: Donnay Laura , Giribet Gaston , Rosso Felipe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe define and study asymptotic Killing and conformal Killing vectors ind-dimensional Minkowski, (A)dS, ℝ× Sd−1and AdS2× Sd−2. We construct the associated quantum charges for an arbitrary CFT and show they satisfy a closed algebra that includes the BMS as a sub-algebra (i.e. supertranslations and superrotations) plus a novel transformation we call ‘superdilations’. We study representations of this algebra in the Hilbert space of the CFT, as well as the action of the finite transformations obtained by exponentiating the charges. In the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence, we propose a bulk holographic description in semi-classical gravity that reproduces the results obtained from CFT computations. We discuss the implications of our results regarding quantum hairs of asymptotically flat (near-)extremal black holes.
Advanced analytics and artificial intelligence in gastrointestinal cancer: a systematic review of radiomics predicting response to treatment
Authors: Wesdorp Nina J. , Hellingman Tessa , Jansma Elise P. , van Waesberghe Jan-Hein T. M. , Boellaard Ronald , Punt Cornelis J. A. , Huiskens Joost , Kazemier Geert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Advanced medical image analytics is increasingly used to predict clinical outcome in patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal tumors. This review provides an overview on the value of radiomics in predicting response to treatment in patients with gastrointestinal tumors.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted, according to PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was prospectively registered (PROSPERO: CRD42019128408). PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched. Original studies reporting on the value of radiomics in predicting response to treatment in patients with a gastrointestinal tumor were included. A narrative synthesis of results was conducted. Results were stratified by tumor type. Quality assessment of included studies was performed, according to the radiomics quality score.

Results
The comprehensive literature search identified 1360 unique studies, of which 60 articles were included for analysis. In 37 studies, radiomics models and individual radiomic features showed good predictive performance for response to treatment (area under the curve or accuracy > 0.75). Various strategies to construct predictive models were used. Internal validation of predictive models was often performed, while the majority of studies lacked external validation. None of the studies reported predictive models implemented in clinical practice.

Conclusion
Radiomics is increasingly used to predict response to treatment in patients suffering from gastrointestinal cancer. This review demonstrates its great potential to help predict response to treatment and improve patient selection and early adjustment of treatment strategy in a non-invasive manner.
From discourses about language-in-education policy to language practices in the classroom—a linguistic ethnographic study of a multi-scalar nature in Timor-Leste
Authors: da Costa Cabral Ildegrada 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article makes the case for conducting ethnographic research of a multi-scalar nature that links language policy processes and ideologies of language with everyday practices, on the ground, in local schools and classrooms. As with other researchers engaged in the ethnography of language policy (e.g. McCarty, 2011; Johnson, 2013), my concern is with the ways in which language policies in multilingual countries are translated into classroom practice, the ways teachers and school administrators understand and respond to policy changes and the ways in which communication between teachers and learners is shaped by the introduction of a new medium of instruction. The research presented here focuses on language policy and classroom practice in Timor-Leste. On Independence in 2002, Tetum and Portuguese were chosen to be the two official languages of the country and the main languages of teaching and learning in the school system. My main research sites have been primary schools and classrooms in Timor-Leste and I have adopted a linguistic ethnographic approach, combining ethnography with close analysis of classroom discourse and with discourse analysis of policy documents and interviews. I have used the concept of language ideology as an analytical lens in examining the language policy discourses of policymakers and teachers. Teachers in Timor-Leste are regarded by policymakers as the mere facilitators of the process of implementing Tetum and Portuguese language-in-education policy within the education system. Through the analysis of interview data presented here, I show that teachers assumed this role and shared the belief that Tetum and Portuguese were legitimate official languages of Timor-Leste. Then, through analysis of codeswitching in classroom interaction, in one Year 6 classroom, I show how values around Tetum and Portuguese were being discursively constructed by the teacher, particularly in talk around monolingual texts in Portuguese.
The cohomology of Torelli groups is algebraic
Authors: Kupers Alexander , Randal-Williams Oscar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Torelli group of

$W_g = \#^g S^n \times S^n$

is the group of diffeomorphisms of

$W_g$

fixing a disc that act trivially on

$H_n(W_g;\mathbb{Z} )$

. The rational cohomology groups of the Torelli group are representations of an arithmetic subgroup of

$\text{Sp}_{2g}(\mathbb{Z} )$

or

$\text{O}_{g,g}(\mathbb{Z} )$

. In this article we prove that for

$2n \geq 6$

and

$g \geq 2$

, they are in fact algebraic representations. Combined with previous work, this determines the rational cohomology of the Torelli group in a stable range. We further prove that the classifying space of the Torelli group is nilpotent.
Lowering the Bar? Students with Disabilities in PRC Higher Education
Authors: Palmer Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the People's Republic of China, the 2015 (revised) Higher Education Law provides that citizens enjoy the right to receive higher education. That legal ideal, however, is not easy to implement in practice. One important issue in higher education is the extent to which in law and in practice the educational rights and interests of students with disabilities are realized. In anticipation of difficulties, the same law specifically requires Chinese higher education institutions to enrol disabled students who meet the relevant admission qualifications and it explicitly prohibits rejection on grounds of disability. Admission standards and processes, however, remain a problem, as do social attitudes to disability, and other difficulties persist in securing the rights and interests of disabled persons in higher education. The complications that arise remain significantly under researched and are not explicitly addressed in the Higher Education Law. Proposals for reform are not likely to succeed without substantial changes in societal and governmental attitudes.