bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods to Validate Binding and Kinetics of “Proximity‐Inducing” Covalent Immune‐Recruiting Molecules
Authors: Kapcan Eden , Lake Benjamin , Yang Zi , Rullo Anthony F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe emergence of covalent inhibitors and chemoproteomic probes in translational chemical biology research requires the development of robust biophysical and analytical methods to characterize their complex interactions with target biomolecules. Importantly, these methods must efficiently assess target selectivity and accurately discern noncovalent binding from the formation of resultant covalent adducts. One recently reported covalent chemical tool used in tumor immune oncology, covalent immune recruiters (CIRs), increases the proximity of immune cells and cancer cells, promoting immune recognition and response. Herein we describe biolayer interferometry (BLI) biosensor, flow cytometry, and solution fluorescence‐based assay approaches to characterize CIR:antibody binding and CIR‐antibody covalent‐labeling kinetics. BLI technology, akin to surface plasmon resonance, provides the unique opportunity to investigate molecular binding and labeling kinetics both on a solid surface (Basic Protocol 1) and in solution (Alternate Protocol 1). Here, recruitment of mass‐containing proteins to the BLI probe via CIR is measured with high sensitivity and is used as a readout of CIR labeling activity. Further, CIR technology is used to label antibodies with a fluorescent handle. In this system, labeling is monitored via SDS‐PAGE with a fluorescence gel imager, where increased fluorescence intensity of a sample reflects increased labeling (Basic Protocol 2). Analysis of CIR:antibody target‐specific immune activation is demonstrated with a flow cytometry‒based antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) assay (Basic Protocol 3). This ADCP protocol may be further used to discern CIR:antibody binding from covalent adduct formation (Alternate Protocol 3). For the protocols described, each method may be used to analyze characteristics of any covalent‐tagging or antibody‐recruiting small molecule or protein‐based technology. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Determining “on‐probe” reaction kinetics of CIR1/CIR4 via biolayer interferometry with Octet RED96Alternate Protocol 1: Determining “in‐solution” reaction kinetics of prostate‐specific membrane antigen targeting CIR (CIR3) via biolayer interferometry with Octet RED96Basic Protocol 2: Reaction kinetics of covalently labeled antibodies via fluorescence SDS‐PAGEBasic Protocol 3: Small molecule‒directed antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis on live human cells measured via flow cytometryAlternate Protocol 2: Kinetic analysis of CIR3:antibody labeling via antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis on flow cytometrySupport Protocol 1: Activation of U937 monocytes with interferon γSupport Protocol 2: Labeling streptavidin beads with biotinylated prostate‐specific membrane antigen receptor
From a crisis to an opportunity: Eight insights for doing science in the COVID‐19 era and beyond
Authors: Chacón‐Labella Julia , Boakye Mickey , Enquist Brian J. , Farfan‐Rios William , Gya Ragnhild , Halbritter Aud H. , Middleton Sara L. , von Oppen Jonathan , Pastor‐Ploskonka Samuel , Strydom Tanya , Vandvik Vigdis , Geange Sonya R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 crisis has forced researchers in Ecology to change the way we work almost overnight. Nonetheless, the pandemic has provided us with several novel components for a new way of conducting science. In this perspective piece, we summarize eight central insights that are helping us, as early career researchers, navigate the uncertainties, fears, and challenges of advancing science during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We highlight how innovative, collaborative, and often Open Science‐driven developments that have arisen from this crisis can form a blueprint for a community reinvention in academia. Our insights include personal approaches to managing our new reality, maintaining capacity to focus and resilience in our projects, and a variety of tools that facilitate remote collaboration. We also highlight how, at a community level, we can take advantage of online communication platforms for gaining accessibility to conferences and meetings, and for maintaining research networks and community engagement while promoting a more diverse and inclusive community. Overall, we are confident that these practices can support a more inclusive and kinder scientific culture for the longer term.
The effect of optimism on the facial expression of pain: Implications for pain communication
Authors: Basten‐Günther Johanna , Kunz Miriam , Peters Madelon , Lautenbacher Stefan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a broad range of evidence on optimism dampening the pain experience, as assessed by subjective self‐report. Facial expression of pain conveys supplementary information about the pain experience, is an integral part of pain communication and assists psychosocial pain coping. Nevertheless, the effect of induced optimism on facial activity during pain has to our knowledge not been examined.MethodsIn our experiment, 40 healthy participants underwent two blocks of thermal stimulation containing phasic non‐painful and painful stimuli. Between the two blocks, the Best Possible Self imagery and writing task was performed to induce situational optimism, while a control group wrote about their typical day. Facial activity and self‐report ratings of intensity and unpleasantness were recorded. Facial activity was analysed using the Facial Action Coding System.ResultsThe optimism manipulation was successful in increasing state optimism. It did not affect self‐report ratings, but resulted in a stronger facial expression of pain, caused especially by increases in Action Units 4 (furrowed brows) and 6_7 (narrowed eyes).ConclusionsAll Action Units, which were affected by the optimism induction, are known to be prevalent during pain stimulation. The increase in facial expression might reflect reduced inhibition of pain communication in temporarily optimistic participants. Optimism might lead to expecting positive and helpful reactions from others and, by that, to great readiness to elicit these reactions by non‐verbal social behaviour.SignificanceThis study is the first to indicate that state optimism increases the facial expression of pain as a social signal for help and empathy without concomitant changes in the subjective pain experience.
Tapping Teen Power: (Re)Positioning Students for Civic Action
Authors: Koudelka Cindi M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConducting Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) is more than a methodology; it is an epistemology—a way of positioning adolescents as agents for critical civic praxis. Educators attempting to use YPAR in traditional spaces often must navigate tensions between this type of critical pedagogy and systems that limit the definition of citizenship to civic engagement and position adolescents as passive consumers. The author examines how engaging adolescents in an action research project is subsequently reflected in their civic praxis. The author conducted a critical discourse analysis (Fairclough, 2015) to observe patterns of agency, civic praxis, and social discourse among ten high school freshmen from a rural school district in the Midwestern United States. This article describes the second phase of the qualitative study in which the adolescents completed a youth participatory action research project exploring the problem of bullying at their high school.
Proteomic analysis of talazoparib resistance in triple‐negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Guney Eskiler Gamze , Yanar Sevinc , Akpinar Gurler , Kasap Murat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTalazoparib (TAL) has been effectively used for the treatment of gBRCA1/2‐mutated HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer. However, acquired resistance to TAL remains a major challenge that impedes the clinical success of TAL treatment. Therefore, elucidation of proteins and pathways that contribute to or are affected by the TAL resistance is urgently needed to improve the treatment response and provide novel treatment strategies for advanced metastatic breast cancers. Herein, we aimed to investigate the altered protein signatures in TAL‐resistant triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells by comparing with the TNBC parental cell line via proteomic analysis. After validation of TAL‐resistance by WST‐1 and Annexin V analysis, two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE)‐based proteomic analysis coupled to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)–time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry was performed to identify differentially regulated proteins. The findings revealed the identities of 10 differentially regulated proteins in TAL‐resistant TNBC cells whose bioinformatic analysis predicted changes in EGF/FGF signaling pathways as well as in the AMPK signaling pathway. In addition, phosphorylation/dephosphorylation dynamics were predicted to be altered in TAL‐resistant cells. The proteins identified in this study might be the targets to overcome TAL resistance for the treatment of TNBC.
Seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Utsunomiya City, Greater Tokyo, after the first pandemic in 2020
Authors: Nawa Nobutoshi , Kuramochi Jin , Sonoda Shiro , Yamaoka Yui , Nukui Yoko , Miyazaki Yasunari , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundA seroepidemiological study was conducted on a random sample of households in Utsunomiya City, Tochigi Prefecture, Greater Tokyo, Japan, to assess the seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsThe level of IgG antibodies in the blood of the recruited subjects was assessed using chemiluminescence immunoassay analysis. In addition, the population‐based prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 was estimated.ResultsThree positive afebrile cases were confirmed. The estimated unweighted prevalence and weighted prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were 0.40% and 1.23%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 may have been underestimated. Wider testing strategies may lead to revealing more SARS‐CoV‐2 cases.
Examination of data citation guidelines in style manuals and data repositories
Authors: Yoon JungWon , Chung EunKyung , Schalk Janet , Kim Jihyun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the status of data citation guidelines by analysing 15 style manuals and 100 data repositories in various fields. Analysis results are presented through a comparison with eight items in the Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (JDDCP). Only nine style manuals and only 20 repositories contain instructions regarding data citation. The guidelines generally agree on the importance of the author, publication date, title, and publisher, but there is large variation between the different guides. Analysis of the guidelines revealed that they generally reflect the principles of the JDDCP. In particular, the principle of Credit and Attribution is significantly reflected in style manuals and data repositories and supports one of the major motivations for data sharing. The principles of Unique Identification, Access, and Persistence are less well supported in data citation guidelines. However, the principles of Importance, Evidence, Specificity and Verifiability, and Interoperability and Flexibility are rarely supported. The findings of this study reveal that better guidelines are required, and future work could investigate developing and assessing the standard guidelines for data citation in different fields.
In Situ Compatibilization of Polyamide 6/Carboxylated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Blends with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane
Authors: Alcântara Stanley P. , Sirqueira Alex S. , Santos Taiane A. , Naccache Monica F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study is to prepare thermoplastic elastomer composites of polyamide (PA6) with carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR), compatibilized with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane with epoxy groups (POSS‐epoxy). The addition of POSS‐epoxy, particularly 3.5 phr, improved the specialty characteristics of the PA/XNBR thermoplastic‐elastomer blend. The PA/POSS/XNBR mainly showed a considerable improvement in the elastic torque. The in situ compatibilization is confirmed by density and oil swelling analyses. The structural property relationships of the vulcanized thermoplastic, measured by XRD, DSC and Raman spectroscopy, revealed there are changes in the chemical structure induced by the molecular interactions of PA‐POSS‐XNBR. The Raman spectra confirmed the presence of silane in the PA/XNBR blend. The crystallinity results obtained from the XRD spectra of the PA/XNBR blend are modified by the POSS‐epoxy, corroborating the oil swelling results.
Evaluation of Polyurethane Elastomers for Encapsulation of Hydroacoustic Transducers
Authors: Lemos Maurício F. , Lima Roberto da C. , Cunha Rodrigo H. , Santos Jonas F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHydroacoustic transducers are devices capable of converting mechanical energy from acoustic waves into electrical energy, and vice versa, through piezoelectric elements connected to electronics that need to be protected from contact with the water. This tightness is provided by the encapsulation of the transducers with elastomers. The use of fillers and chain extenders are known to promote a barrier for water diffusion, but it would inevitably change the other properties of the elastomer. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the effects of filler and chain extender addition on the properties of polyurethane elastomers (PUR) for this application. Thermogravimetric, thermomechanical, glass‐rubber transition temperature, hardness, and dielectric loss analyses are performed. It is observed an increase in the dielectric loss, hardness, and thermal stability with the addition of mineral fillers and carbon black. The addition of chain extender promoted a greater hardness in the final elastomer, but has no measurable effects on the dielectric loss, and decreased the thermal and dimension stability with temperature. Glass‐rubber transition temperatures remain in the range from –78 to –80 °C, which is in the acceptable range for the application as encapsulants.
PLA/Coffee Grounds Composites: A Study of Photodegradation and Biodegradation in Soil
Authors: da Silva Ana Paula , Pereira Matheus de Paula , Passador Fábio Roberto , Montagna Larissa Stieven 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBiodegradable polymers are an alternative to replacing petroleum‐derived polymers. This work aimed to incorporate coffee grounds (CG) in different contents (5 and 15 wt%) as an accelerator of the biodegradation process to reduce the degradation time of poly (lactic acid) (PLA). The use of this natural source filler can minimize environmental problems, due to its low cost and easy access, since this waste is produced in large quantities. Thus, biodegradable composite can be produced with the use of CG as filler in the PLA matrix. PLA/CG composites are processed using a thermokinetic homogenizer (DRAIS), followed by hot pressing. The samples are subjected to accelerated degradation (ultraviolet radiation – UV) and biodegradation in soil and later are characterized by the percentage of weight loss, visual analysis, morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry – DSC) and mechanical properties (Izod impact test). After the biodegradation tests and analysis, it is possible to verify improvements in the mechanical properties of the developed composite, as well as the desired biodegradative effects.
Microstructure Characterization of Amorphous Phase of Polypropylene Impact Copolymers
Authors: Simanke Adriane G. , Cangussú Manoela E. , Nyland Laura , Correia Gabriela F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work, three polypropylene impact copolymers (ICPs) with different chemical compositions are characterized using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with triple detection: infrared (IR), viscometer (VIS) and multi angle light scattering (MALS), crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF), thermal gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC), nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The average rubber composition is determined and correlated with the ICP morphology and final mechanical properties. GPC‐IR is used to analyze the ethylene content and distribution along the molecular weight distribution (MWD). The amorphous phase composition distribution is analyzed as a function of temperature by TGIC. The microstructure and morphology of ICP amorphous phase are studied in detail by 13C‐NMR, GPC 3D, TGIC, SEM and AFM allowing to differentiate the samples.
Influence of Morphology on Fracture Propagation of PMMAe/PC Blend in Tensile Tests at High Strain Rate
Authors: Gomes Felipe Pedro da Costa , Reinaldo Juciklécia da Silva , Rodrigues Antônio Henrique Venâncio , de Macedo Thatiana Cristina Pereira , Silva Bismarck Luiz , Ito Edson Noriyuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate toughness mechanism of elastomeric poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMAe) and polycarbonate (PC) blend through crack propagation at high speed tensile tests. Samples are processed using two types of extruders, single and twin screw, in order to eliminate the influence of processing in the final product's properties. Pure polymers and polymer blend samples are cryo‐ultramicrotomed and their morphology is characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fractured samples obtained from uniaxial tensile tests at high strain rate are inspected using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results obtained for the PMMAe/PC blend in tests at high deformation rate showed that the shear rate during the mixing process influences the maximum strength of the polymer blend near its region of co‐continuous morphology. The visual evaluation of the fracture surface and the fractographic analysis corroborated the results of this study of polymer toughening.
Effects of flame‐retardant additives on the manufacturing, mechanical, and fire properties of basalt fiber‐reinforced polybenzoxazine
Authors: Wolter Nick , Carrillo Beber Vinicius , Haubold Thorben , Sandinge Anna , Blomqvist Per , Goethals Frederik , Van Hove Marc , Jubete Elena , Mayer Bernd , Koschek Katharina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBasalt fiber‐reinforced polybenzoxazines (BFRP) were manufactured through vacuum infusion using resorcinol bis (diphenyl phosphate) and poly‐(m‐phenylene methylphosphonate) together with bisphenol‐F and aniline based benzoxazine. Different types and loadings of flame‐retardant additives showed to have catalysis or dilution effects in viscosity measurements. BFRPs show well‐penetrated fibers and near‐zero porosity. Additive addition did not influence tensile properties, while apparent interlaminar shear strength decreased indicating a lower adhesion between fiber and matrix. BFRP's heat and smoke release properties increased, though time to ignition increased and flammability behavior improved by decreasing delamination yielding oxygen indices in between 72 and 91%.
Proximity‐Induced Magnetism Enhancement Emerged in Chiral Magnet MnSi/Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 Bilayer
Authors: Choi Won‐Young , Jeon Jae Ho , Bang Hyun‐Woo , Yoo Woosuk , Jerng Sahng‐Kyoon , Chun Seung‐Hyun , Lee Sunghun , Jung Myung‐Hwa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA proximity effect between magnetic materials and topological surface states can generate and modulate the localized spins without complicated material structures, but its origin is not clearly verified. MnSi single layer and MnSi/Bi2Se3 bilayer on Al2O3(001) substrates are fabricated by magnetron co‐sputtering and molecular beam epitaxy systems, in which a large proximity effect between the chiral magnetic structure and the topological surface states is manifested. The magnetic and electronic properties of both samples are meticulously compared and the proximity‐induced magnetism enhancement in the MnSi/Bi2Se3 bilayer is found. Interestingly, this effect persists up to temperatures above 300 K. Furthermore, for the MnSi/Bi2Se3 bilayer, the increase of charge carrier density and the decrease of carrier mobility near the Curie temperature TC = 40 K are observed, which can mediate the ferromagnetic exchange interaction enhancing the magnetization. The finding provides insight into a new platform to consist of materials with distinct topological phases for future spintronic devices.
Boosting the Performance of Graphene Cathodes in Na–O2 Batteries by Exploiting the Multifunctional Character of Small Biomolecules
Authors: Enterría Marina , Gómez‐Urbano Juan Luis , Munuera Jose María , Villar‐Rodil Silvia , Carriazo Daniel , Paredes Juan Ignacio , Ortiz‐Vitoriano Nagore 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGraphene aerogels derived from a biomolecule‐assisted aqueous electrochemical exfoliation route are explored as cathode materials in sodium–oxygen (Na–O2) batteries. To this end, the natural nucleotide adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is used in the multiple roles of exfoliating electrolyte, aqueous dispersant, and functionalizing agent to access high quality, electrocatalytically active graphene nanosheets in colloidal suspension (bioinks). The surface phenomena occurring on the electrochemically derived graphene cathode is thoroughly studied to understand and optimize its electrochemical performance, where a cooperative effect between the nitrogen atoms and phosphates from the AMP molecules is demonstrated. Moreover, the role of the nitrogen atoms in the adenine nucleobase of AMP and short‐chain phosphate is unraveled. Significantly, the use of such cathodes with a proper amount of AMP molecules adsorbed on the graphene nanosheets delivers a discharge capacity as high as 9.6 mAh cm−2 and performs almost 100 cycles with a considerably reduced cell overpotential and a coulombic efficiency of ≈97% at high current density (0.2 mA cm−2). This study opens a path toward the development of environmentally friendly air cathodes by the use of natural nucleotides which offers a great opportunity to explore and manufacture bioinspired cathodes for metal–oxygen batteries.