bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photolysis Behaviors of Anthryl Derivative Aggregation Mediated by Sulfato‐β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Chen Yong , Guan Xin‐Ran , Li Pei‐Yu , Zhou Wei‐Lei , Liu Yu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA photo‐responsive supramolecular assembly was prepared using sulfato‐β‐cyclodextrin (SCD) as the macrocyclic host and pyridinium‐modified anthracene (Anpy) as the guest molecule, and its assembly and photolysis behaviors were fully investigated by mass spectrometry, UV‐vis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction, etc. Without SCD, the disruption of polycyclic aromatic structure in Anpy was relatively slow via a photo‐oxidation reaction under UV irradiation at 365 nm. Interestingly, the photo‐oxidation rate significantly increased 5.2 times after the supramolecular assembly of Anpy with SCD. This result will provide a supramolecular method for the efficient elimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Accelerating Effect of DMAP on CuI Catalyzed Buchwald‐Hartwig C‐N Coupling: Mechanistic Insight to the Reaction Pathway
Authors: Roy Subhasish , Dutta Mintu Maan , Sarma Manas Jyoti , Phukan Prodeep 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn efficient methodology has been developed for C−N cross‐coupling reaction between aryl halide and amine using a catalytic system comprised of CuI and N,N‐dimethyl amino pyridine (DMAP). Coupling reactions were carried out in DMSO at 120 °C in presence of 5 mol% CuI, 20 mol% DMAP and 2.5 equivalent of KOH. Addition of DMAP was found to be beneficial in accelerating the rate of reaction significantly. Both aryl iodides and aryl bromides could be successfully coupled with different primary and secondary amines to furnish the desired cross‐coupling product in high yield. A copper complex [Cu(DMAP)4I]I made by combining CuI and DMAP was found to produce superior result for the Buchwlad‐Hartwig cross coupling reaction. The use of 2 mol% of the copper complex is sufficient to produce high yield of the product.
Dual Light and Temperature Responsive Micrometer‐Sized Structural Color Actuators
Authors: Belmonte Alberto , Ussembayev Yera Ye , Bus Tom , Nys Inge , Neyts Kristiaan , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExternally induced color‐ and shape‐changes in micrometer‐sized objects are of great interest in novel application fields such as optofluidics and microrobotics. In this work, light and temperature responsive micrometer‐sized structural color actuators based on cholesteric liquid‐crystalline (CLC) polymer particles are presented. The particles are synthesized by suspension polymerization using a reactive CLC monomer mixture having a light responsive azobenzene dye. The particles exhibit anisotropic spot‐like and arc‐like reflective colored domains ranging from red to blue. Electron microscopy reveals a multidirectional asymmetric arrangement of the cholesteric layers in the particles and numerical simulations elucidate the anisotropic optical properties. Upon light exposure, the particles show reversible asymmetric shape deformations combined with structural color changes. When the temperature is increased above the liquid crystal‐isotropic phase transition temperature of the particles, the deformation is followed by a reduction or disappearance of the reflection. Such dual light and temperature responsive structural color actuators are interesting for a variety of micrometer‐sized devices.
Experimental investigation of groundwater contamination by surface sources: Determination of adsorption capacity, diffusion, and sorption potential of selected anions in different soils
Authors: Remya Neelancherry , Roshni Thendiyath , Yadav Rohit Ranjan , Shukla Neha 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present study investigated the fate and transport of two significant anions through soil to explore their potential as groundwater contaminants. The retention properties of chloride and sulfate in soils having several significantly different characteristics (soil‐1 and soil‐2) were determined using adsorption test and adsorption‐diffusion column experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 3.7 and 1.16 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, with organic matter (OM) content of 3.92% and 4.69%, respectively. The sulfate adsorption obtained was 24.09% and 13.83%, respectively, in the two soils. The anions exhibited monolayer adsorption in the soils with replacement of hydroxyl ions from soils as the major mechanism of adsorption. On the other hand, the adsorption capacities obtained from the adsorption‐diffusion column experiment were about 100 times lower compared to that of the column tests of both of the soils. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 0.03 mg/g and 0.01 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, whereas that of sulfate was 0.04 mg/g and 0.03 mg/g. The empirical relation for depth of penetration (d) from a known spillage onto the soil surface was determined as a function of sorption capacity (S) and initial anion concentration (C) as d = 0.0073e(−57S)C and d = 0.0038e(−35S)C for chloride and sulfate, respectively.
Polymer‐mediated gene therapy: Recent advances and merging of delivery techniques
Authors: Salameh Janelle W. , Zhou Le , Ward Sarah M. , Santa Chalarca Cristiam F. , Emrick Todd , Figueiredo Marxa L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ability to safely and precisely deliver genetic materials to target sites in complex biological environments is vital to the success of gene therapy. Numerous viral and nonviral vectors have been developed and evaluated for their safety and efficacy. This study will feature progress in synthetic polymers as nonviral vectors, which benefit from their chemical versatility, biocompatibility, and ability to carry both therapeutic cargo and targeting moieties. The combination of synthetic gene carrying constructs with advanced delivery techniques promises new therapeutic options for treating and curing genetic disorders.This article is characterized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Does a Responsible University Need a Third Mission?
Authors: Karlsen James , Larrea Miren 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere are different positions in the discourse about how the university can contribute to innovation, economic development and regional development. One position regards regional development as a new third mission. Another position argues for the integration of the regional role within the first two roles, which are teaching and research. Both positions are normative and rest on the assumption that the university is a homogeneous organisation and that transforming the role of the university into a regional development role is simple. However, if the university is a loosely coupled organisation, the transformation is more challenging. This chapter addresses this organisational challenge by arguing for the integration of regional development into teaching using the approach of responsible research and innovation. This approach requires that individuals assume personal responsibility for their actions while also reinforcing university institutional responsibility for setting policies, such as regional development policies. Regional responsibility in practice involves the co-generation of knowledge between university actors and regional actors. An action research case from the University of Agder, Norway, shows how the regional development role was integrated into the teaching mission.
Cohesion and Conflict in Transnational Merchant Families
Authors: Moghaddari Sonja 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow do people negotiate the diversity of positionalities within kin groups? Through a diachronic approach, I investigate how Ali and Jalal, two merchants with Azeri and Gilaki ethnic identifications who came to Hamburg in the 1930s, mobilized kin to generate capital along the lines of generation, gender, and age. The reader simultaneously learns about the local history of Iranian immigration. Building on literature about historical merchant networks, the social organization of the Iranian marketplace (bazaar), the anthropology of kinship and transnational families, I question the social cohesion on which Aihwa Ong’s study of flexible capital creation relies. The material suggests that the experience of family relations influences agents’ positioning in the local Iranian social field.
An Association Between Diversity and Exoticism
Authors: Moghaddari Sonja 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFocusing on contemporary Iranian artists and intellectuals, I examine the creation of collective identifications from an internal perspective. Drawing on research on migrant associations and ethnic and racial boundaries in Germany, the ethnographic account alternates between internal relations, member’s participation in the transnational field of Iranian artists, and representative activities in the German public sphere. It explains how the members’ unequal resources and varying politics of value caused a shift in the association’s system of value. From a critique of assimilationism and the promotion of the value of diversity, the group came to largely comply with the system of value prevailing in the German public sphere, sustained by its intersection with the one that shapes the transnational social field of Iranian artists.
Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Diabetes an Österreichs Schulen
Authors:   Österreichische Arbeitsgruppe Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Hofer Sabine E. ,   Österreichische Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde (ÖGKJ),   Österreichische Diabetesgesellschaft (ÖDG), Rami-Merhar Birgit , Fröhlich-Reiterer Elke , Damm Lilly , Karall Daniela , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDieses Positionspapier gibt eine umfassende Orientierung im Umgang und in der Betreuung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Diabetes in Schulen, um bestehende Informationsdefizite zu kompensieren und das Problembewusstsein für die Thematik zu erhöhen. Die steigende Zahl an Schulkindern mit Diabetes sowie die längere Aufenthaltsdauer in Schulen und schulnahen Einrichtungen machen eine offizielle Stellungnahme der Österreichischen Diabetesgesellschaft und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde notwendig, um eine standardisierte Betreuung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Diabetes bundesweit an allen Schulen in Österreich zu gewährleisten.
Differences in MHC-B diversity and KIR epitopes in two populations of wild chimpanzees
Authors: Maibach Vincent , Langergraber Kevin , Leendertz Fabian H. , Wittig Roman M. , Vigilant Linda 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes play a critical role within the immune system, both by the presentation of antigens from intracellular pathogens to immunocompetent cells and by the interaction with killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) on natural killer cells (NK cells). Genes of the MHC are highly diverse, and MHC variation can have effects on the immune functionality of individuals; hence, comparisons of MHC diversity among closely related phylogenetic taxa may give insight into the factors responsible for the shaping of its diversity. The four geographically separated chimpanzee subspecies differ in their overall genetic diversity, have different population histories, and are confronted with different pathogens in their natural habitat, all of which may affect MHC class I DNA sequence diversity. Here, we compare theMHC-Bexon two DNA sequence diversity from 24 wild western and 46 wild eastern chimpanzees using necropsy and noninvasively collected fecal samples, respectively. We found a higherMHC-Bexon two nucleotide diversity, in our western than eastern chimpanzees. The inclusion of previously publishedMHC-Bexon two data from other western and eastern chimpanzees supported this finding. In addition, our results confirm and extend the finding of a very low C1 epitope frequency at eastern chimpanzee MHC-B molecules, which likely affects the ability of these molecules to interact with NK cells. While the understanding of the differing pathogen environments encountered by disparate populations of a species is a challenging endeavor, these findings highlight the potential for these pathogens to selectively shape immune system variation.
A rational method for determining intermittency in the transitional boundary layer
Authors: Veerasamy Dhamotharan , Atkin Chris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new rational procedure is proposed for determining the intermittency in the streamwise direction. One of the key parameters for the intermittency determination is the selection of a threshold value, which often involves a certain level of subjectivity. Here, a reliable way of choosing the threshold value in a more objective manner is proposed. The proposed approach involves a single threshold value, equal to the magnitude of the maximum laminar perturbation in the transitional flow. The results obtained are validated with the widely used dual-slope method. In this paper, the measurements are carried out on an experimental arrangement, involving the interaction of an upstream aerofoil wake with a downstream flat plate boundary layer. As a by-product of the study, a scaling parameter has been identified which captures the length of the transition zone as the proximity of the aerofoil in the wall-normal direction is varied.Graphic abstract
Cell Size Decrease and Altered Size Structure of Phytoplankton Constrain Ecosystem Functioning in the Middle Danube River Over Multiple Decades
Authors: Abonyi András , Kiss Keve Tihamér , Hidas András , Borics Gábor , Várbíró Gábor , Ács Éva 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReduced body size is among the universal ecological responses to global warming. Our knowledge on how altered body size affects ecosystem functioning in ectothermic aquatic organisms is still limited. We analysed trends in the cell size structure of phytoplankton in the middle Danube River over a 34-year period at multiple levels: (1) average cell size of assemblages (ACS), (2) within the centric diatom community and (3) in the dominant centric diatom taxon: Stephanodiscus. We asked whether global warming and human impacts affected the average cell size of phytoplankton. Also, whether the altered size structure affected how chlorophyll-a, as an ecosystem functioning measure, relates to the ACS of phytoplankton. The cell size of phytoplankton decreased significantly at all organisation levels, and the assemblages became more dispersed in cell size over time. Environmental variables related to global warming and human impacts affected the ACS of phytoplankton significantly. The relationship between chlorophyll-a and the ACS of phytoplankton shifted from negative linear to broad and then narrow hump shape over time. Longer water residence time, warming and decline in nutrients and suspended solids decrease the ACS of phytoplankton in the middle Danube and expectedly in other large rivers. Our results suggest that cell size decrease in phytoplankton, especially of centric diatoms, constrains planktic algal biomass production in large rivers, independently of algal density. Such cell size decrease may also affect higher trophic levels and enhance the more frequent occurrence of “clear-water” plankton in large, human-impacted rivers under global change.
Gab es eine „Kölner Schule“ der bundesrepublikanischen Soziologie? Zu René Königs Professionalisierung der Soziologie
Authors: Moebius Stephan , Griesbacher Martin 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungNach dem 2. Weltkrieg etablierten sich mehrere Zentren der bundesrepublikanischen Soziologie. Neben den Frankfurtern Theodor W. Adorno und Max Horkheimer und dem Münsteraner Helmut Schelsky war es René König, der in Köln die Soziologie neu ausrichtete und wesentlichen Anteil an ihrer Institutionalisierung und Professionalisierung hatte. Oft wurde im Zusammenhang dieser „Ausgangskonstellation“ (Lepsius) von „drei Soziologien“ (Dahrendorf) gesprochen, wobei auch explizit von einer „Kölner Schule“ die Rede war. Inwiefern kann jedoch von einer bundesrepublikanischen „Kölner Schule“ tatsächlich ausgegangen werden? Der folgende Beitrag möchte die verbreitete Bezeichnung „Kölner Schule“ sowie deren Merkmale kritisch hinterfragen und diskutieren. Nach einer Auseinandersetzung mit soziologiegeschichtlichen Konzepten zur Erfassung wissenschaftlicher Kollektive wird anhand des soziologischen Schulenbegriffs geprüft, ob die Kölner Soziologie von 1945 bis Mitte der 1970er-Jahre zentrale Kriterien einer Schule erfüllt hat. Dabei wird erstens René König als „charismatischer Stifter“ der kognitiven Leitideen (sowohl theoretischer als auch methodischer Art) der Kölner Soziologie positioniert. Zweitens werden die Institutionalisierungs- und Professionalisierungsprozesse in Köln und deren Öffentlichkeitswirkung anhand einer knappen Geschichte des Instituts, derKölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie(KZfSS) sowie einiger weiterer „Flaggschiffpublikationen“ wie dasFischer-Lexikonund dasHandbuch der empirischen Sozialforschungskizziert. Drittens wird auf die Bindung weiterer soziologischer Akteure (Schüler) durch die Lehre René Königs eingegangen. Wie bei dem Lexikon, den Handbüchern oder derKZfSS(und insbesondere ihrer Sonderhefte) zeigt sich eine breite Palette an Themen und Schülern, die der üblichen Reduzierung des Kerns der „Kölner Schule“ auf empirische Sozialforschung nicht gerecht wird. Der Beitrag zeigt stattdessen, dass der schulenbildende Kern der Kölner Soziologie vielmehr in der von König ins Leben gerufenen, dezidiert empirisch orientierten, problemzentrierten Ausdifferenzierung, Spezialisierung und Professionalisierung der bundesrepublikanischen Soziologie gesehen werden muss. Insofern umfasste die von König initiierte „Kölner Schule“ durchaus die Kriterien eines soziologiegeschichtlichen Schulenbegriffs, was aber aus heutiger Sicht aufgrund der schlussendlichen Popularisierung und Veralltäglichung ihrer Leitideen im soziologischen Betrieb aus dem Blick geriet.
High Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Activity Sensitizes Murine Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells to DNA Damage
Authors: Wang Yiting , Cui Hui , Tao Si , Zeng Ting , Wu Jianying , Tao Zhendong , Zhang Liu , Zou Bing , Chen Zhiyang , Garside George B. , Tang Duozhuang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAging is characterized by the accumulation of DNA damage and a decrease in stem cell functionality, yet molecular mechanisms that limit the maintenance of stem cells in response to DNA damage remain to be delineated. Here we show in mouse models that DNA damage leads to a transient over-activation of Wnt signaling in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and that high activity of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling sensitizes HSCs to DNA damage induced by X-irradiation which results in preferential maintenance of HSCs with low levels of Wnt signaling. The study shows that genetic or chemical activation of canonical Wnt signaling enhances radiosensitivity of HSCs while inhibition of Wnt signaling decreases it. Together, these results indicate that levels of Wnt signaling activity mediate heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HSCs to DNA damage induced depletion. These findings could be relevant for molecular alterations and selection of stem cells in the context of DNA damage accumulation during aging and cancer formation.
The validity of two widely used commercial and research-grade activity monitors, during resting, household and activity behaviours
Authors: O’Driscoll R. , Turicchi J. , Hopkins M. , Gibbons C. , Larsen S. C. , Palmeira A. L. , Heitmann B. L. , Horgan G. W. , Finlayson G. , Stubbs R. J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWearable devices are increasingly prevalent in research environments for the estimation of energy expenditure (EE) and heart rate (HR). The aim of this study was to validate the HR and EE estimates of the Fitbit charge 2 (FC2), and the EE estimates of the Sensewear armband mini (SWA). We recruited 59 healthy adults to participate in walking, running, cycling, sedentary and household tasks. Estimates of HR from the FC2 were compared to a HR chest strap (Polar) and EE to a stationary metabolic cart (Vyntus CPX). The SWA overestimated overall EE by 0.03 kcal/min−1 and was statistically equivalent to the criterion measure, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 29%. In contrast, the FC2 was not equivalent overall (MAPE = 44%). In household tasks, MAPE values of 93% and 83% were observed for the FC2 and SWA, respectively. The FC2 HR estimates were equivalent to the criterion measure overall. The SWA is more accurate than the commercial-grade FC2. Neither device is consistently accurate across the range of activities used in this study. The HR data obtained from the FC2 is more accurate than its EE estimates and future research may focus more on this variable.
New hybrid method for heart disease diagnosis utilizing optimization algorithm in feature selection
Authors: Nourmohammadi-Khiarak Jalil , Feizi-Derakhshi Mohammad-Reza , Behrouzi Khadijeh , Mazaheri Samaneh , Zamani-Harghalani Yashar , Tayebi Rohollah Moosavi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe number and size of medical databases are rapidly increasing, and the advanced models of data mining techniques could help physicians to make efficient and applicable decisions. The challenges of heart disease data include the feature selection, the number of the samples; imbalance of the samples, lack of magnitude for some features, etc. This study mainly focuses on the feature selection improvement and decreasing the numbers of the features. In this study, imperialist competitive algorithm with meta-heuristic approach is suggested in order to select prominent features of the heart disease. This algorithm can provide a more optimal response for feature selection toward genetic in compare with other optimization algorithms. Also, the K-nearest neighbor algorithm is used for the classification. Evaluation result shows that by using the proposed algorithm, the accuracy of feature selection technique has been improved.