bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the Carbon Dioxide Reduction Pathway through Surface Modification by Halogenation
Authors: Liu Zailun , Jiang Wenjun , Liu Zhe , Wang Yuhong , Wang Dan , Hao Derek , Yao Wei , Teng Fei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFacilitating the charge separation of semiconductor photocatalysts to increase the photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity has become a great challenge for sustainable energy conversion. Herein, the surface halogen‐modified defect‐rich Bi2WO6 nanosheets have been successfully prepared to address the aforementioned challenge. Importantly, the modification of surface with halogen atoms is beneficial for the adsorption and activation for CO2 molecules and charge separation. These properties have been analyzed by experimental and theoretical methods. DFT calculations revealed that the modification of the Bi2WO6 surface with Br atoms can decrease the formation energy of the *COOH intermediate, which accelerates CO2 conversion. All halogen‐modified defect‐rich Bi2WO6 nanosheets showed an enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity. Specifically, Br−Bi2WO6 exhibited the best CO generation rate of 13.8 μmol g−1 h−1, which is roughly 7.3 times as high as the unmodified defect‐rich Bi2WO6 (1.9 μmol g−1 h−1). Moreover, in the presence of a cocatalyst (cobalt phthalocyanine) and a sacrificial agent (triethanolamine), Br−Bi2WO6 exhibited an even further improved CO generation rate of 187 μmol g−1 h−1. This finding provides a new approach to optimize the CO2 reduction pathway of semiconductor photocatalysts, which is beneficial to develop highly efficient CO2 reduction photocatalysts.
Tuning the Proton‐Coupled Electron‐Transfer Rate by Ligand Modification in Catalyst–Dye Supramolecular Complexes for Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Yang  , de Groot Huub J. M. , Buda Francesco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn view of the considerably high activation energy barrier of the O−O bond formation photocatalytic step in water oxidation, it is essential to understand if and how nonadiabatic factors can accelerate the proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) rate in this process to find rational design strategies facilitating this step. Herein, constrained ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate this rate‐limiting step in a series of catalyst‐dye supramolecular complexes functionalized with different alkyl groups on the catalyst component. These structural modifications lead to tunable thermodynamic driving forces, PCET rates, and vibronic coupling with specific resonant torsional modes. These results reveal that such resonant coupling between electronic and nuclear motions contributes to crossing catalytic barriers in PCET reactions by enabling semiclassical coherent conversion of a reactant into a product. Our results provide insight on how to engineer efficient catalyst‐dye supramolecular complexes by functionalization with steric substituents for high‐performance dye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical cells.
Metal–Acid Synergy: Hydrodeoxygenation of Anisole over Pt/Al‐SBA‐15
Authors: Shivhare Atal , Hunns James A. , Durndell Lee J. , Parlett Christopher M. A. , Isaacs Mark A. , Lee Adam F. , Wilson Karen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Karen Wilson and Adam Lee at RMIT University. The image shows platinum nanoparticles and Brønsted acid sites working cooperatively to catalyse the efficient hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic lignin residues to produce sustainable biofuels. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202000764.
A cost‐effective single‐phase semi flipped gamma type magnetically coupled impedance source inverters
Authors: T.N. Gautham , Reddivari Reddiprasad , Jena Debashisha 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis paper presents a new two winding coupled inductor architecture for a semi magnetically coupled impedance source (SMCIS) inverter by connecting the coupled inductor windings in flipped gamma fashion. The proposed topology is derived from the conventional MCIS inverters. It can produce sinusoidal output voltage/current without using any shoot‐through operation and output LC filter, which improves the system reliability. Further, a doubly grounded feature, no start‐up inrush current, reduced component count, low input current ripple, continuous output currents, and small leakage currents are the major advantages of the proposed inverter. However, the proposed semi flipped gamma MCIS inverters still suffer from limited output voltage gain problem. The voltage‐boosting feature is added to the proposed inverter by connecting two converter modules in differential boost configuration through the embedded structure. The voltage‐boosting ability is the major advantage of this differential boost embedded configuration. It has flexibility in choosing a wide range of duty cycle operation from zero to one (whereas, the duty cycle was limited to 0.666 in case of semi‐Z‐source inverter [ZSI]). The modes of operation, design procedure, and feature comparisons of proposed inverters are discussed in this paper. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed inverters is validated through simulation and experimental results in terms of component count, voltage gain, and feature comparison.
An ultra‐low‐power, low‐noise tunable electrocardiogram amplifier
Authors: Saeidian Farida , Ashraf Mohammadreza 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe objective of this research work is to propose an innovative low‐power, low‐noise, tunable three‐stage capacitive instrumentation amplifier, capable of receiving and magnifying the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. This is done by adding an extra stage to the second stage of the conventional capacitive instrumentation amplifier. The results show similar midband gain with lesser capacitor usage and smaller chip occupancy area with provision of concurrent tunable gain and bandwidth. The proposed amplifier is designed and implemented using TSMC 0.18‐μm CMOS technology scale under a 1‐V supply voltage with the simulation process carried out using Cadence Virtuoso tool. Post‐layout simulation results show that the amplifier has a tunable midband gain of 55 to 65.6 dB, low‐cutoff frequency tuned from 377 mHz to 4.5 Hz and high‐cutoff frequency tuned from 86.8 to 263.6 Hz. The simulated value of the input‐referred noise and noise efficiency factor (NEF) of the amplifier are 9.6 μVrms and 6.1, respectively, with the total power consumption of 71.2 nW.
Aberrant expression of TTF1, p63, and cytokeratins in a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Chornenkyy Yevgen , Lin Xiaoqi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPancytokeratins and TTF‐1 are used in working up carcinomas of unknown primary and p63 is expressed in many cell lineages. We present a case of a TTF‐1, p63, and cytokeratins positive small round blue cell lesion presenting in a patient with enlarged right supraclavicular lymph nodes and multiple solid pulmonary nodules. The preliminary report to the clinical team was “suspicious for carcinoma.” However, after a complete work up the final diagnosis of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, nongerminal center B‐cell phenotype, “double expressor,” was rendered (based on Han's algorithm). This case brings up significant diagnostic dilemma as some lymphoid malignancies can morphologically mimic poorly differentiated carcinoma and stain positive for carcinoma markers. Additionally, the frequently used TTF‐1 SPT23 antibody clone has strong nuclear staining in rare cases of DLBCL, which is a diagnostic pitfall. To our best knowledge this is the first reported case of DLBCL staining positive for three carcinoma markers.
Climate change winners and losers: The effects of climate change on five palm species in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Butler Christopher J. , Larson Matt 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPalms (Arecaceae) are a relatively speciose family and provide materials for food, construction, and handicraft, especially in the tropics. They are frequently used as paleo‐indicators for megathermal climates, and therefore, it is logical to predict that palms will benefit from predicted warmer temperatures under anthropogenic climate change. We created species distribution models to explore the projected ranges of five widespread southeastern North American palm species (Rhapidophyllum hystrix, Sabal etonia, Sabal minor, Sabal palmetto, and Serenoa repens) under four climate change scenarios through 2070. We project that the amount of habitat with >50% suitability for S. etonia will decline by a median of 50% by 2070, while the amount of habitat with >50% suitability S. minor will decline by a median of 97%. In contrast, the amount of suitable habitat for Rhapidophyllum hystrix will remain stable, while the amount of suitable habitat for Serenoa repens will slightly increase. The projected distribution for S. palmetto will increase substantially, by a median of approximately 21% across all scenarios. The centroid of the range of each species will shift generally north at a median rate of 23.5 km/decade. These five palm species have limited dispersal ability and require a relatively long time to mature and set fruit. Consequently, it is likely that the change in the distribution of these palms will lag behind the projected changes in climate. However, Arecaceae can modify physiological responses to heat and drought, which may permit these palms to persist as local conditions become increasingly inappropriate. Nonetheless, this plasticity is unlikely to indefinitely prevent local extinctions.
Engaging online students by activating ecological knowledge
Authors: Hines Stacy L. , Vedral Anthony J. , Jefferson Amanda E. , Drymon J. Marcus , Woodrey Mark S. , Mabey Sarah E. , Sparks Eric L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current COVID‐19 pandemic has forced the global higher education community to rapidly adapt to partially or fully online course offerings. For field‐ or laboratory‐based courses in ecological curricula, this presents unique challenges. Fortunately, a diverse set of active learning techniques exists, and these techniques translate well to online settings. However, limited guidance and resources exist for developing, implementing, and evaluating active learning assignments that fulfill specific objectives of ecology‐focused courses. To address these informational gaps, we (a) identify broad learning objectives across a variety of ecology‐focused courses, (b) provide examples, based on our collective online teaching experience, of active learning activities that are relevant to the identified ecological learning objectives, and (c) provide guidelines for successful implementation of active learning assignments in online courses. Using The Wildlife Society's list of online higher education ecology‐focused courses as a guide, we obtained syllabi from 45 ecology‐focused courses, comprising a total of 321 course‐specific learning objectives. We classified all course‐specific learning objectives into at least one of five categories: (a) Identification, (b) Application of Concepts/Hypotheses/Theories, (c) Management of Natural Resources, (d) Development of Professional Skills, or (e) Evaluation of Concepts/Practices. We then provided two examples of active learning activities for each of the five categories, along with guidance on their implementation in online settings. We suggest that, when based on sound pedagogy, active learning techniques can enhance the online student's experience by activating ecological knowledge.
Multi‐dimensional predictions of psychotic symptoms via machine learning
Authors: Taylor Jeremy A. , Larsen Kit M. , Garrido Marta I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia comprise a diverse range of heterogeneous symptoms. As a result, individuals each present a distinct set of symptoms despite having the same overall diagnosis. Whilst previous machine learning studies have primarily focused on dichotomous patient‐control classification, we predict the severity of each individual symptom on a continuum. We applied machine learning regression within a multi‐modal fusion framework to fMRI and behavioural data acquired during an auditory oddball task in 80 schizophrenia patients. Brain activity was highly predictive of some, but not all symptoms, namely hallucinations, avolition, anhedonia and attention. Critically, each of these symptoms was associated with specific functional alterations across different brain regions. We also found that modelling symptoms as an ensemble of subscales was more accurate, specific and informative than models which predict compound scores directly. In principle, this approach is transferrable to any psychiatric condition or multi‐dimensional diagnosis.
Central encoding of the strength of intranasal chemosensory trigeminal stimuli in a human experimental pain setting
Authors: Lötsch Jörn , Oertel Bruno G. , Felden Lisa , Nöth Ulrike , Deichmann Ralf , Hummel Thomas , Walter Carmen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn important measure in pain research is the intensity of nociceptive stimuli and their cortical representation. However, there is evidence of different cerebral representations of nociceptive stimuli, including the fact that cortical areas recruited during processing of intranasal nociceptive chemical stimuli included those outside the traditional trigeminal areas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the major cerebral representations of stimulus intensity associated with intranasal chemical trigeminal stimulation. Trigeminal stimulation was achieved with carbon dioxide presented to the nasal mucosa. Using a single‐blinded, randomized crossover design, 24 subjects received nociceptive stimuli with two different stimulation paradigms, depending on the just noticeable differences in the stimulus strengths applied. Stimulus‐related brain activations were recorded using functional magnetic resonance imaging with event‐related design. Brain activations increased significantly with increasing stimulus intensity, with the largest cluster at the right Rolandic operculum and a global maximum in a smaller cluster at the left lower frontal orbital lobe. Region of interest analyses additionally supported an activation pattern correlated with the stimulus intensity at the piriform cortex as an area of special interest with the trigeminal input. The results support the piriform cortex, in addition to the secondary somatosensory cortex, as a major area of interest for stimulus strength‐related brain activation in pain models using trigeminal stimuli. This makes both areas a primary objective to be observed in human experimental pain settings where trigeminal input is used to study effects of analgesics.
Endangering China's environmental health security goals through negative environmental investor behaviours
Authors: Zhou Lulin , Antwi Maxwell O. , Antwi Henry A. , Boafo‐Arthur Ama , Mustafa Tehzeeb 
Published: September 2020

SummaryChina sees the need to maximise its environmental health security as a major priority in its sustainable development agenda. This is at the heart of China's “ecological civilisation” and “beautiful China” dream. One of the objectives of this dream is to sensitize investors to invest in health and environmental stocks to support environmental health goals. However, both the Shanghai and the Shenzhen stock markets continue to witness contemporaneous movement (herding behaviour) by investors from environmental stock to perceived safer stocks and this is stifling the growth of the environmental health sector due to capital deprivation. Our paper evaluates the significance and potential effect of this herding trend among environmental stocks using a collection of sophisticated econometric models namely, the state‐space model, enhanced state‐space model, the cross‐sectional SD (CSSD) and the cross‐sectional absolute deviation (CSAD). The models are used to evaluate firm‐level data collected from the 80 environmental stocks indexed by the KGRM MSCI China IMI Environment 10/40 Index. Three of the models confirm the presence of endemic negative (herding) investor behaviour among environmental stocks in China and this threatens the sustainability of environmental stock capital to promote China's environmental health goals. We have proposed measures to ameliorate the risks posed by such negative contemporaneous investor behaviours.
The nexus between CEO incentives and analysts' earnings forecasts
Authors: Mamatzakis Emmanuel , Bagntasarian Anna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the nexus between analysts' forecasts and CEO incentives over different forecasting horizons. We assemble a unique analyst‐level sample for US firms covering the period between 1992 and 2015 from three different databases that provide information for CEO incentives and analysts' characteristics. Panel regression results reveal significant effect of CEO incentives and analysts' characteristics on the forecast accuracy of the latter. The reported results suggest that CEO incentives driven by high compensation, restricted stock holdings and stock ownership can correct analysts' optimism, whereas CEO bonus and sensitivity to changes in firm's value exacerbate analysts' optimism. We further examine how CEO incentives affect the impact of earnings management on analysts' forecasts. Results show that CEO incentives can augment the effect of earnings management on analysts' forecasts with CEO bonus being the most deteriorating factor. Our findings also indicate that experienced analysts are more optimistic in their forecasts, while higher forecast frequency can correct this optimism. We further show whether regulations affect forecasts.
Financial frictions and wage inequality
Authors: Pi Jiancai , Fan Yanwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates how financial frictions affect skilled‐unskilled wage inequality. In both the cost constrained model and the quantity constrained model, we find that a decrease of financial frictions in the skilled (resp. unskilled) sector will increase (resp. decrease) wage inequality when there is a properly large elasticity of substitution between capital and skilled labor (resp. unskilled labor). In sum, the role of financial frictions is sector‐specific, which is largely neglected by the existing literature.
Causality and dynamic spillovers among cryptocurrencies and currency markets
Authors: Elsayed Ahmed H. , Gozgor Giray , Lau Chi Keung Marco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper utilizes two methods to uncover the causality dynamic between the three leading cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ripple, and nine major foreign currency markets. Firstly, we implement the technique of Diebold–Yilmaz to compute the spillover index between cryptocurrencies and currency markets. We find a significant return spillover effect between Bitcoin and Litecoin in the first three quarters of 2017. Still, the return spillover is merely meaningful in the first three quarters of 2015 for Ripple. However, the total volatility spillover index in the system decreases in the fourth quarter of 2017. Secondly, we apply the Bayesian graphical structural vector, autoregressive estimations, and find that the current level of Bitcoin depends only on the previous level of the Chinese Yuan. The current level of Ripple strongly depends on the prior levels of Bitcoin, followed by Litecoin. The current level of Litecoin strongly depends on the previous level of Ripple, followed by the Chinese Yuan. These results indicate that there is a significant causal relationship among cryptocurrencies. However, except for the Chinese Yuan, major traditional currencies do not significantly affect cryptocurrencies.
Long noncoding RNA PWRN1 is lowly expressed in osteosarcoma and modulates cancer proliferation and migration by targeting hsa‐miR‐214‐5p
Authors: Shi Jiyuan , Fu Qiang , Yang Pei , Yi Zhi , Liu Shizhang , Wang Kunzheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the expression pattern, clinical relevance, and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA PWRN1 in human osteosarcoma.MethodsqPCR was used to measure PWRN1 expressions in cell lines and tumor samples osteosarcoma. The correlations between PWRN1 and cancer patients' clinicopathological properties and survival were examined. PWRN1 was ectopically overexpressed in MG‐63 and 143B cells to assess its function on cancer cell proliferation, cisplatin chemoresistance, and in vivo xenotransplant growth. The ceRNA candidate of PWRN1, miR‐214‐5p was examined in osteosarcoma cells. In addition, miR‐214‐5p and PWRN1 were double‐overexpressed in osteosarcoma cells to investigate the regulatory role of epigenetic axis PWRN1/miR‐214‐5p in osteosarcoma.ResultsWe found that PWRN1 was downregulated in both osteosarcoma cells and human tumors. PWRN1 downregulation was correlated with advanced stage, metastasis, and low survival rate in cancer patients. PWRN1 overexpression in osteosarcoma cells significantly inhibited their proliferation, cisplatin chemoresistance, and in vivo growth. In addition, we demonstrated that PWRN1 directly bound miR‐214‐5p and suppressed its expression in osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, we showed that miR‐214‐5p overexpression reversed the anti‐cancer effects of PWRN1 on osteosarcoma cell proliferation and cisplatin chemoresistance.ConclusionOur data provide new insights into the epigenetic axis of PWRN1/miR‐214‐5p in regulating osteosarcoma progression and chemoresistance. PWRN1 may also be a biomarker to predicting cancer patients' poor prognosis and novel pharmaceutical targets for personalized medicine.
An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Effect of Relacorilant on the Activity of Cytochrome P450 Drug Metabolizing Enzymes
Authors: Custodio Joseph M. , Donaldson Kirsteen M. , Hunt Hazel J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRelacorilant is a selective modulator of the glucocorticoid receptor in development for the treatment of several serious diseases. The widely used cocktail method was employed to assess relacorilant's effect on various cytochrome P450 (CYP) drug metabolizing enzymes in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 as well as induction of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 were assessed in vitro (relacorilant concentrations up to 10 µM). A clinical study in healthy subjects (n = 27) evaluated the inhibition of CYP3A4, CYP2C8, and CYP2C9 in vivo by administering single doses of probe CYP substrates (midazolam, pioglitazone, and tolbutamide) alone and in combination with relacorilant (350 mg). Pharmacokinetic sampling was conducted, and safety was assessed throughout the study. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using 90% confidence intervals of the geometric least squares mean ratios of test (probe substrate with relacorilant) vs reference (probe substrate alone) using boundaries of 80% to 125%. In vitro, relacorilant inhibited CYP3A4, CYP2C8, and CYP2C9 but did not meaningfully affect the activity of the other CYP enzymes evaluated. Consistent with the in vitro data, relacorilant was shown to be a strong CYP3A inhibitor in vivo (>8‐fold increase in midazolam area under the concentration versus time curve from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration and area under the concentration versus time curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity). Coadministration of relacorilant with drugs highly dependent on CYP3A for clearance is expected to increase the concentrations of these drugs. Importantly, clinical evaluation of relacorilant showed no inhibition of CYP2C8 or CYP2C9 in vivo. Accordingly, drugs that are substrates of only CYP2C8 and/or CYP2C9 can be coadministered with relacorilant without dose adjustment.