bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCN5A mutation identified in a patient with short‐coupled variant of torsades de pointes
Authors: Sonoda Keiko , Ohno Seiko , Shimizu Yukiko , Kaitani Kazuaki , Makiyama Takeru , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Horie Minoru 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundShort‐coupled variant of torsades de pointes (scTdP) is a disease characterized by TdP without QT prolongation, which is initiated by extremely short‐coupled ventricular extra‐systoles. Its genetic background remains rarely unveiled.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify genetic variations in patients with scTdP and to analyze the functional change of the mutant Na+ channel identified in a scTdP patient.Methods and resultsWe performed genetic analysis for inherited arrhythmia‐related 45 genes using next‐generation sequencer (MiSeq, Illumina) among seven consecutive scTdP patients. We identified an SCN5A mutation R800H in a 38‐year‐old male who suffered ventricular fibrillation during dinner and was resuscitated. Two months later, he lost his consciousness at work. His Holter electrocardiogram showed scTdP. He had no family history of sudden cardiac death or heart disease. Functional analysis of the SCN5A‐R800H channels showed a significantly shortened recovery time from inactivation. Peak sodium current densities in SCN5A‐R800H were larger than those in wild type but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsWe identified an SCN5A mutation in a scTdP patient and confirmed that the mutant channel caused the shortness of recovery time from inactivation. SCN5A might be a candidate gene for scTdP.
Plant growth‐promoting endophytic bacteria augment growth and salinity tolerance in rice plants
Authors: Khan M. A. , Asaf S. , Khan A. L. , Adhikari A. , Jan R. , Ali S. , Imran M. , Kim K.‐M. , Lee I.‐J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Salt stress negatively affects growth and development of plants. However, it is hypothesized that plant growth‐promoting endophytic bacteria can greatly alleviate the adverse effects of salinity and can promote growth and development of plants. In the present research, we aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from halotolerant plants and evaluate their capacity for promoting crop plant growth.

The bacterial endophytes were isolated from selected plants inhabiting sand dunes at Pohang beach, screened for plant growth‐promoting traits and applied to rice seedlings under salt stress (NaCl; 150 mm).

Out of 59 endophytic bacterial isolates, only six isolates, i.e. Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum SAK1, Curtobacterium luteum SAK2, Enterobacter ludwigii SAK5, Bacillus cereus SA1, Micrococcus yunnanensis SA2, Enterobacter tabaci SA3, resulted in a significant increase in the growth of Waito‐C rice. The cultural filtrates of bacterial endophytes were tested for phytohormones, including indole‐3‐acetic acid, gibberellins and organic acids. Inoculation of the selected strains considerably reduced the amount of endogenous ABA in rice plants under NaCl stress, however, they increased GSH and sugar content. Similarly, these strains augmented the expression of flavin monooxygenase (OsYUCCA1) and auxin efflux carrier (OsPIN1) genes under salt stress.

In conclusion, the pragmatic application of the above selected bacterial strains alleviated the adverse effects of NaCl stress and enhanced rice growth attributes by producing various phytohormones.
Facial affect recognition moderates the relation between autonomic nervous system reactivity and aggression during dyadic conflict
Authors: Godfrey Donald A. , Babcock Julia C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearchers examining physiological factors of emotion have identified differential patterns of physiological reactivity among intimate partner violence perpetrators during interpersonal conflict. Although it is unclear what mechanisms are influencing these distinct physiological patterns, research suggests that perpetrators’ ability to decode emotions may be involved. The current study examined how the relation between an individual's physiological reactivity and their aggression during conflict with an intimate partner is influenced by the affect they are exposed to and their affect recognition ability. Sixty‐seven heterosexual couples completed self‐report measures and participated in a conflict discussion while physiological measures were recorded. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) was indexed by Skin Conductance Level (SCL) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) by Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA). Aggressive affect was coded from video. Additionally, men were administered a facial affect recognition task. Results indicated that observed aggression during the conflict discussion was associated with RSA and SCL suppression, but only for men with moderate to high affect recognition ability. Additionally, the interaction effects between physiological reactivity and affect recognition on male aggression was conditional on their partner exhibiting at least moderate levels of aggressive affect. Findings from our study suggest that the relation between autonomic nervous system reactivity during conflict and aggression toward an intimate partner is conditional on men's ability to decode the facial affect of their partner. For individuals who were able to decode aggressive affect from their partner, aggression was associated with decreased parasympathetic and SNS activation.
LGBTQ+ Civil Rights: Local Government Efforts in a Volatile Era
Authors: Elias Nicole M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLGBTQ+ issues at the local level pose some of the most pressing civil rights challenges in the current U.S. context. This analysis provides insight into what is taking place in major municipalities and how these efforts can be improved to bolster equity and civil rights for LGBTQ+ populations. At a time when identity, language, and public sector values are inherently intertwined and constantly changing, the following question is ripe for analysis: how are major U.S. municipalities addressing the civil rights needs of the LGBTQ+ population? To answer this question, an analysis of government websites from the top 10 U.S. cities by population is conducted, examining the policies, programs, and services that municipalities offer LGBTQ+ residents and the language used to frame these policies, programs, and services as expressions of power, representations of identity, and the website presentation itself.Evidence for Practice

Municipalities should adopt comprehensive policies, programs, and services to promote LGBTQ+ civil rights that take into account the varied needs of their diverse populations.
The language used in LGBTQ+ policies, programs, and services should be carefully considered, because language has the potential to build inclusion and trust among administrators and LGBTQ+ residents.
Municipalities should not only develop more inclusive LGBTQ+ policies, programs, and services but also work to improve their accessibility and web presence so that knowledge of these efforts is readily available to LGBTQ+ individuals.
Authentic Interpretation
Authors: Endicott Timothy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractI approach the identification of the principles of legal interpretation through a discussion of an important but largely forgotten strand in our legal heritage: the idea (and at some points in English law, the rule) that the interpretation of legislation is to be done by the lawmaker. The idea that authentic interpretation is interpretation by the lawmaker united the Roman emperors Constantine and Justinian with Bracton, Aquinas, King James I of England, Hobbes, and Bentham. Already in the early 17th century, a new modern approach was emerging in England. The modern approach separates the interpretive power from the legislative power, and allocates the interpretive power to an independent court. I argue that there are some cogent, general considerations in favour of the modern approach. But it is worth identifying the elements of good sense that made it seem that the interpretive power ought to be reserved for the lawmaker. And it is worth identifying the drawbacks in the modern approach; I argue that they are highly relevant to the complex question of how judges ought to interpret legislation.
Effects of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and Fc gamma receptor polymorphisms on BK virus nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Moon Jungyeon , Chang Youngil , Shah Tariq , Min David I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundBK virus nephropathy (BKVN) is a major complication in kidney transplant patients. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy against persistent BKVN and to evaluate the association between persistent BKVN and Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).MethodsA total of 86 patients out of 279 kidney recipients with BKVN were investigated in a single‐center retrospective study. The majority of 86 patients were Hispanic and Asian (69.8% and 17.4%). Patients were treated with adjunctive IVIG or standard therapy (controls). Subgroup analysis was performed between IVIG responders and non‐responders. BK virus copy number and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured to evaluate the impact of IVIG. We analyzed the association between the response to IVIG and genotype at FcγR3A (rs396991) and FcγR2A (rs1801274) SNPs.ResultsViral load in IVIG non‐responders was significantly higher than in responders at the time of diagnosis (219 271.8 vs 29 816.3 copies/mL, P = .015) and after 6 months of IVIG use (12 789.5 vs 1369.5 copies/mL, P < .001). However, analyses SNP of FcγR2A (OR = 0.807, CI = 0.435‐1.496 P = .495) and FcγR3A (OR = 0.997, CI = 0.505‐1.970, P = .993) SNPs showed no significant differences between the 2 groups.ConclusionIVIG appears to lower BK DNA viral load significantly in patients with persistent BKVN. However, no associations were identified between BKVN and FcγR2A or FcγR3A SNPs.
Effects of Reflective Practice on Baccalaureate Nursing Students’ Stress, Anxiety and Competency: An Integrative Review
Authors: Contreras Jorgie Ann , Edwards‐Maddox Shermel , Hall Amanda , Lee Mikyoung Angela 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundReflective practice affects all levels of nursing, including students, as well as practicing nurses. Self‐reflective practice is a widespread concept in nursing; however, few empirical studies have demonstrated the possible effects of such a practice. The purpose of this integrative literature review was to identify evidence of the effects of self‐reflective practice on baccalaureate‐level nursing students, especially stress.MethodsThe literature search was conducted utilizing CINAHL and PubMed databases. The inclusion criteria were studies published between 2013 and 2018, articles that were peer‐reviewed, written in English, and focused on nursing education of baccalaureate programs only. A total of 15 articles were reviewed.ResultsThere is limited but growing evidence to suggest self‐reflective practices have positive effects on baccalaureate‐level nursing students. The self‐reflective practices decreased stress and anxiety and increased learning, competency, and self‐awareness of nursing practice. While written reflections were most commonly used in the studies, other forms of reflection, such as verbal and photography, were effective as well.Linking Evidence to ActionNursing students can benefit from incorporating reflection into the didactic and clinical settings. Nursing faculty are encouraged to integrate reflection into the nursing curriculum. Nurses within the first year of practice could benefit from using reflective practice as well. Experienced nurses and nurse managers can encourage and mentor novice nurses on the use and benefits of reflective practice.
KIR channel activation links local vasodilatation with muscle fibre recruitment during exercise in humans
Authors: Terwoord Janée D. , Hearon Christopher M. , Racine Matthew L. , Ketelhut Nathaniel B. , Luckasen Gary J. , Richards Jennifer C. , Dinenno Frank A. 
Published: April 2020

Key points
During exercise, blood flow to working skeletal muscle increases in parallel with contractile activity such that oxygen delivery is sufficient to meet metabolic demand.
K+ released from active skeletal muscle fibres could facilitate vasodilatation in proportion to the degree of muscle fibre recruitment. Once released, K+ stimulates inwardly rectifying K+ (KIR) channels on the vasculature to elicit an increase in blood flow.
In the present study, we demonstrate that KIR channels mediate the rapid vasodilatory response to an increase in exercise intensity. We also show that KIR channels augment vasodilatation during exercise which demands greater muscle fibre recruitment independent of the total amount of work performed.
These results suggest that K+ plays a key role in coupling the magnitude of vasodilatation to the degree of contractile activity. Ultimately, the findings from this study help us understand the signalling mechanisms that regulate muscle blood flow in humans.AbstractBlood flow to active skeletal muscle is augmented with greater muscle fibre recruitment. We tested whether activation of inwardly rectifying potassium (KIR) channels underlies vasodilatation with elevated muscle fibre recruitment when work rate is increased (Protocol 1) or held constant (Protocol 2). We assessed forearm vascular conductance (FVC) during rhythmic handgrip exercise under control conditions and during local inhibition of KIR channels (intra‐arterial BaCl2). In Protocol 1, healthy volunteers performed mild handgrip exercise for 3 min, then transitioned to moderate intensity for 30 s. BaCl2 eliminated vasodilatation during the first contraction at the moderate workload (ΔFVC, BaCl2: −1 ± 17 vs. control: 30 ± 28 ml min−1 100 mmHg−1; n = 9; P = 0.004) and attenuated the 30 s area under the curve by 56 ± 14% (n = 9; P < 0.0001). In Protocol 2, participants performed two exercise bouts in which muscle fibre recruitment was manipulated while total contractile work was held constant via reciprocal changes in contraction frequency: (1) low fibre recruitment, with contractions at 12.5% maximal voluntary contraction once every 4 s and (2) high fibre recruitment, with contractions at 25% maximal voluntary contraction once every 8 s. Under control conditions, steady‐state FVC was augmented in high vs. low fibre recruitment (211 ± 90 vs. 166 ± 73 ml min−1⋅100 mmHg−1; n = 10; P = 0.0006), whereas BaCl2 abolished the difference between high and low fibre recruitment (134 ± 59 vs. 134 ± 63 ml min−1 100 mmHg−1; n = 10; P = 0.85). These findings demonstrate that KIR channel activation is a key mechanism linking local vasodilatation with muscle fibre recruitment during exercise.
Ketamine anaesthesia induces gain enhancement via recurrent excitation in granular input layers of the auditory cortex
Authors: Deane Katrina E. , Brunk Michael G. K. , Curran Andrew W. , Zempeltzi Marina M. , Ma Jing , Lin Xiao , Abela Francesca , Aksit Sümeyra , Deliano Matthias , Ohl Frank W. , Happel Max F. K. 
Published: April 2020

Key points
Ketamine is a common anaesthetic agent used in research and more recently as medication in treatment of depression. It has known effects on inhibition of interneurons and cortical stimulus‐locked responses, but the underlying functional network mechanisms are still elusive.
Analysing population activity across all layers within the auditory cortex, we found that doses of this anaesthetic induce a stronger activation and stimulus‐locked response to pure‐tone stimuli.
This cortical response is driven by gain enhancement of thalamocortical input processing selectively within granular layers due to an increased recurrent excitation.
Time–frequency analysis indicates a higher broadband magnitude response and prolonged phase coherence in granular layers, possibly pointing to disinhibition of this recurrent excitation.
These results further the understanding of ketamine's functional mechanisms, which will improve the ability to interpret physiological studies moving from anaesthetized to awake paradigms and may lead to the development of better ketamine‐based depression treatments with lower side effects.
AbstractKetamine is commonly used as an anaesthetic agent and has more recently gained attention as an antidepressant. It has been linked to increased stimulus‐locked excitability, inhibition of interneurons and modulation of intrinsic neuronal oscillations. However, the functional network mechanisms are still elusive. A better understanding of these anaesthetic network effects may improve upon previous interpretations of seminal studies conducted under anaesthesia and have widespread relevance for neuroscience with awake and anaesthetized subjects as well as in medicine. Here, we investigated the effects of anaesthetic doses of ketamine (15 mg kg−1 h−1i.p.) on the network activity after pure‐tone stimulation within the auditory cortex of male Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). We used laminar current source density (CSD) analysis and subsequent layer‐specific continuous wavelet analysis to investigate spatiotemporal response dynamics on cortical columnar processing in awake and ketamine‐anaesthetized animals. We found thalamocortical input processing within granular layers III/IV to be significantly increased under ketamine. This layer‐dependent gain enhancement under ketamine was not due to changes in cross‐trial phase coherence but was rather attributed to a broadband increase in magnitude reflecting an increase in recurrent excitation. A time–frequency analysis was indicative of a prolonged period of stimulus‐induced excitation possibly due to a reduced coupling of excitation and inhibition in granular input circuits – in line with the common hypothesis of cortical disinhibition via suppression of GABAergic interneurons.
Radwaste Management Activities in Lithuania in Relation With Preparation for Decommissioning of Ignalina NPP Unit 1
Authors: Poskas Povilas , Adomaitis Jonas E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the situation of solid and liquid radwaste management at Ignalina NPP and changes during the last few years. It also highlights the plans for implementation of new radioactive waste management system with advanced radwaste treatment and conditioning technologies, new storage and disposal facilities, retrieval, characterisation, and conditioning of the historical waste. These activities are very much stimulated by the decision to shutdown the Ignalina NPP Unit 1.
Decontamination of Waste Waters With Centrifuges: Engineering, Fabrication, Shop-Testing and Delivery of Liquid Radwaste Systems for Korea
Authors: Lewitz Jan-Christian , Anderssohn H. , Reinsdorff P. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Liquid Radwaste Systems (LRS) are designed to remove undissolved solids out of fuel pool water, sump water and laundry waste water and to fill those solids dewatered into drums. An essential requirement was the removal of 0.1 μm particles. After fabrication the modularized systems have been prepared in Germany for internal and for shop performance testing. Within this testing the specified guarantee values for the separation of solids, especialy the removal of 0.1 μm particles were met. The erection was finished at Younggwang (YGN) NPP Units 5&6 in spring 2001 and the start up including preoperational test took place in summer 2001.
The Electrochemical Modelling of Irradiated UO2 Surface Reactions in Groundwater Solutions
Authors: Wegen Detlef H. , Bottomley Paul D. W. , Glatz Jean-Paul 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Electrochemical measurements (potential monitoring, impedance measurement and slow cyclic voltammetry) have been used to monitor the surface reactions of spent fuel under storage conditions. The analysis was aided by equivalent circuit modelling of the interface. The potential of the spent fuel rose rapidly at first, and then more slowly, reaching domains of oxidative dissolution. The sharp potential drops observed were shown by the impedance modelling to be due to cracking in the fuel to the electrode base. The corrosion rates ranged from 0.03–0.2 mg/(m2.d) and were similiar with those estimated by a potential correlation method.
Long Term Modelling of Spent Fuel Oxidation/Dissolution Under Repository Conditions
Authors: Merino Juan , Cera Esther , Bruno Jordi , Eriksen Trygve , Quiñones Javier , Martínez-Esparza Aurora 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A model to study the stability of the spent fuel under repository conditions has been developed. The fuel-water interface is a dynamic redox system, where oxidising conditions due to the radiolysis of water can lead to the release of the uranium and the radionuclides embedded in the fuel matrix. Both kinetic and thermodynamic processes have been taken into account. Special attention is given to the unit rate of matrix oxidation/dissolution, which has been the subject of a specific radiolytic model. The findings of this work have important implications for the applicability of solubility limits in establishing source term models.
Keeping the Clearance Levels of NPP Building Structures Validation by Measurement of the Nuclide-Specific Dose-Rate
Authors: Hummel Lothar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Clearance levels for building structures normally are defined surface-specific (Bq/cm2) by the projection of the specific activity onto the surface. This proceeding led to the actual release criteria for buildings in the EC, which were also used for the actual draft of the new German RPO. The practical ability of collimated in-situ spectrometry verifying the keeping of these revised nuclide-specific clearance levels and the corresponding radiological averaging area of 1 m2 will be demonstrated.
A completely different approach performing clearance measurements in building structures with poor remaining artificial activity was sketched in an earlier work, by performing a set of in-situ measurements without collimation. For this purpose, the spectrometer is calibrated for the measurement of the gamma dose rate at a very low level. The direct measurement of this value and its comparison with the fundamental, dose-based release criteria is a large advantage of this procedure. The sensitivity of a commonly used high-purity germanium detector is sufficient for this purpose with short measuring time; or in other words the detection limits are much smaller than 1 nSv/h.
Therefore this presentation is dealing also with a complete new concept for the release of building structures of NPP’s. It is not supported by the actual release criteria basing on conversion factors from effective dose to surface-specific activity. The concept shown here, does not need this conversion, the effective dose is evaluated directly. On the other hand, it might be a basis of a fast, simple procedure in the projects of the next decades. The basic theoretical work is finished. In future, a practical check in an actual decommissioning project has to be done and the experiences gained by this work have to be documented.