bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cesium Lead Inorganic Solar Cell with Efficiency beyond 18% via Reduced Charge Recombination
Authors: Ye Qiufeng , Zhao Yang , Mu Shaiqiang , Ma Fei , Gao Feng , Chu Zema , Yin Zhigang , Gao Pingqi , Zhang Xingwang , You Jingbi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCesium‐based inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising due to their potential for improving device stability. However, the power conversion efficiency of the inorganic PSCs is still low compared with the hybrid PSCs due to the large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) loss possibly caused by charge recombination. The use of an insulated shunt‐blocking layer lithium fluoride on electron transport layer SnO2 for better energy level alignment with the conduction band minimum of the CsPbI3‐xBrx and also for interface defect passivation is reported. In addition, by incorporating lead chloride in CsPbI3‐xBrx precursor, the perovskite film crystallinity is significantly enhanced and the charge recombination in perovksite is suppressed. As a result, optimized CsPbI3‐xBrx PSCs with a band gap of 1.77 eV exhibit excellent performance with the best VOC as high as 1.25 V and an efficiency of 18.64%. Meanwhile, a high photostability with a less than 6% efficiency drop is achieved for CsPbI3‐xBrx PSCs under continuous 1 sun equivalent illumination over 1000 h.
Prognostic significance of systemic inflammatory markers in esophageal cancer: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ishibashi Yusuke , Tsujimoto Hironori , Yaguchi Yoshihisa , Kishi Yoji , Ueno Hideki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimImpact of several immune‐inflammatory markers on long‐term outcome has been reported in various malignancies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate through a meta‐analysis the oncological outcome of immune‐inflammatory markers, such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C‐reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) in esophageal cancer.MethodsA systematic electronic search for relevant studies was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, and Google scholar. Meta‐analysis was done using hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as effect measures. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were undertaken according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses protocol. P‐values <.01 were considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 10 retrospective articles (n = 4551) were included in this study. Synthesized results showed that higher NLR and CAR were significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR 1.47, 95% CI = 1.32‐1.63, P < .00001) and HR 1.88, 95% CI = 1.28‐2.77, P < .001, respectively). On the contrary, PLR was not a prognostic factor in our analysis (HR 1.25, 95% CI = 1.01‐1.54, P < .01). Elevated NLR, PLR, and CAR were strongly associated with a higher T stage (HR 2.28, 95% CI = 1.67‐3.11; HR 1.57, 95% CI = 1.29‐1.90; HR 1.76, 95% CI = 1.16‐2.67, respectively). Begg’s funnel plots identified significant publication bias in NLR, but not in PLR and CAR.ConclusionNLR and CAR represent useful guides for the management of esophageal cancer, although publication bias should be considered. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the results of the present study.
Patient care aides: Differences in healthcare coverage, health‐related behaviors, and health outcomes in a low‐wage workforce by healthcare setting
Authors: Silver Sharon , Boiano James , Li Jia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesPatient care aides, who provide basic care to patients in a variety of healthcare settings, have been observed to have higher prevalences of adverse health metrics than the general US workforce. However, few studies have examined how healthcare access and health behaviors and outcomes among patient care aides differ by work setting (home health, nursing home, and hospital).MethodsData from the 2013 to 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to assess the prevalences of healthcare access, health‐related behaviors, and health outcomes among patient care aides in different work settings, and among nurses (licensed vocational/practical and registered). Adjusted prevalence ratios were used to compare prevalences for healthcare workers to those for nonhealthcare clerical workers.ResultsOverall, patient care aides are a low‐wage workforce with high prevalences of multiple adverse health metrics and low prevalences of positive health behaviors compared to clerical workers. Results differed by work setting. Home health aides had the lowest income levels and most adverse results for multiple metrics; nursing home aides had better healthcare access and somewhat better health outcomes. Most metrics were best (though still quite poor) for hospital aides, who showed few significant differences from clerical workers.ConclusionsThese results show the need to focus resources on the patient care aide workforce, particularly those in home health. While some needs of nursing home aides, such as improving influenza vaccination coverage and reducing the prevalence of arthritis‐related conditions, would benefit from standardized workplace interventions, alternate, workplace‐specific approaches are needed for home health aides.
Nosology and classification of genetic skeletal disorders: 2019 revision
Authors: Mortier Geert R. , Cohn Daniel H. , Cormier‐Daire Valerie , Hall Christine , Krakow Deborah , Mundlos Stefan , Nishimura Gen , Robertson Stephen , Sangiorgi Luca , Savarirayan Ravi , Sillence David , Superti‐Furga Andrea , Unger Sheila , Warman Matthew L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe application of massively parallel sequencing technology to the field of skeletal disorders has boosted the discovery of the underlying genetic defect for many of these diseases. It has also resulted in the delineation of new clinical entities and the identification of genes and pathways that had not previously been associated with skeletal disorders. These rapid advances have prompted the Nosology Committee of the International Skeletal Dysplasia Society to revise and update the last (2015) version of the Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders. This newest and tenth version of the Nosology comprises 461 different diseases that are classified into 42 groups based on their clinical, radiographic, and/or molecular phenotypes. Remarkably, pathogenic variants affecting 437 different genes have been found in 425/461 (92%) of these disorders. By providing a reference list of recognized entities and their causal genes, the Nosology should help clinicians achieve accurate diagnoses for their patients and help scientists advance research in skeletal biology.
Detecting riparian habitat preferences in “savanna” chimpanzees and associated Fauna with strontium isotope ratios: Implications for reconstructing habitat use by the chimpanzee‐human last common ancestor
Authors: Hamilton Marian , Nelson Sherry V. , Fernandez Diego P. , Hunt Kevin D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesRiparian or gallery forests are critical habitats for numerous plants and animals today. Paleoanthropologically, reliance on such habitats informs behavioral and ecological reconstructions; for example, gallery forest habitats likely played a critical role in the transition from ape to hominin in the early Pliocene and may represent a preferred habitat for the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans. Direct indicators for gallery forest habitats preference are lacking. The objective of this article is to assess whether strontium isotope ratios are a reliable indicator of habitat preference for fauna living in and around gallery forests.Materials and methodsWe report bioavailable strontium isotope ratios from the Mugiri River, its tributaries, and its gallery forest (Toro‐Semliki Wildlife Reserve, southwestern Uganda), and compare them to surrounding savanna‐grassland values. We compare these environmental values to strontium isotopes ratios in faunal tooth enamel to determine if habitat preferences are accurately reflected.ResultsGallery forest and savanna‐grassland vegetations have significantly different strontium isotope ratio profiles. We trace these isotopic differences to the influence of the Mugiri tributaries, which originate on Paleoproterozoic gneiss deposits on top of the surrounding escarpments. These isotopic differences in vegetation are mirrored in the tissues of fauna with habitat preferences for either the gallery forest or the surrounding grasslands.DiscussionThis research demonstrates the potential of strontium isotope ratios to identify habitat preferences in modern or fossil fauna under proper geologic variability. It provides a methodological model for future studies seeking to reconstruct habitat preferences in early hominins.
Population history of southern Italy during Greek colonization inferred from dental remains
Authors: Rathmann Hannes , Kyle Britney , Nikita Efthymia , Harvati Katerina , Saltini Semerari Giulia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe are testing competing scenarios regarding the population history of the ancient Greek colonization of southern Italy using dental phenotypic evidence.Materials and MethodsWe collected dental metric and nonmetric trait data for 481 human skeletons from six archaeological sites along the Gulf of Taranto, dating to pre‐colonial (900–700 BC) and post‐colonial periods (700–200 BC). We are evaluating scenarios through an individual‐level biodistance analysis using a three‐pronged approach: (a) by analyzing levels of mobility in pre‐ and post‐colonial periods under a model of isolation‐by‐distance; (b) by quantifying differences in group means and variances in pre‐ and post‐colonial periods utilizing permutational multivariate analysis of variance and Betadisper analyses; and (c) by identifying ancestries of post‐colonial individuals using naïve Bayes classification.ResultsSouthern Italy during pre‐colonial times was characterized by low levels of mobility and marked differences in group means and variances. During post‐colonial times, mobility increased and there were no differences in group means and variances. About 18% of the people in post‐colonial times were of Greek ancestry and lived equally distributed across Greek colonies and indigenous villages. Nevertheless, the overall biological composition and variability of southern Italy remained relatively unchanged across pre‐ and post‐colonial periods.DiscussionOur results support a scenario in which only few Greek colonists migrated to southern Italy and lived in smaller numbers alongside indigenous people in Greek colonies as well as in indigenous villages. Our results contradict a scenario in which large numbers of Greek invaders founded biologically isolated and substantially homogeneous colonial enclaves within conquered territories.
Robotic surgery of the anterior skull base
Authors: Campbell Raewyn G. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundSignificant advances have been made in transoral robotic surgery (TORS), yet its application in anterior skull‐base surgery has yet to be defined. This work explores the history of endoscopic sinus and anterior skull‐base surgery, and its advantages and disadvantages. The development of robotic surgery is then discussed as well as the advantages and disadvantages of TORS as it relates to the anterior skull base. The current applications for robotic surgery to the anterior skull base are presented with details of future applications.MethodsA structured search of the current literature using MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE was performed from inception to May 2019. Search terms related to topics of robotic skull‐base surgery were identified and queried to identify relevant articles.ResultsFifty‐four papers were identified from the literature search and a hand search of the references. Twenty‐one other references were discovered from personal communication, websites, and books relevant to the topic.ConclusionAnterior skull‐base surgery has the potential for significant morbidity compared to head and neck surgery, yet the application of the robot in sinus and anterior skull‐base surgery has yet to be formally defined. Currently, there are certain limitations that need to be overcome; however, research to address these barriers is currently underway and promises an exciting future for robotic sinus and anterior skull‐base surgery.
Thermally Driven Structure and Performance Evolution of Atomically Dispersed FeN4 Sites for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Li Jiazhan , Zhang Hanguang , Samarakoon Widitha , Shan Weitao , Cullen David A. , Karakalos Stavros , Chen Mengjie , Gu Daming , More Karren L. , Wang Guofeng , Feng Zhenxing , Wang Zhenbo , Wu Gang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFeN4 moieties embedded in partially graphitized carbon are the most efficient platinum group metal free active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells. However, their formation mechanisms have remained elusive for decades because the Fe−N bond formation process always convolutes with uncontrolled carbonization and nitrogen doping during high‐temperature treatment. Here, we elucidate the FeN4 site formation mechanisms through hosting Fe ions into a nitrogen‐doped carbon followed by a controlled thermal activation. Among the studied hosts, the ZIF‐8‐derived nitrogen‐doped carbon is an ideal model with well‐defined nitrogen doping and porosity. This approach is able to deconvolute Fe−N bond formation from complex carbonization and nitrogen doping, which correlates Fe−N bond properties with the activity and stability of FeN4 sites as a function of the thermal activation temperature.
A New Dimension for Coordination Polymers and Metal–Organic Frameworks: Towards Functional Glasses and Liquids
Authors: Horike Satoshi , Nagarkar Sanjog S. , Ogawa Tomohiro , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere are two categories of coordination polymers (CPs): inorganic CPs (i‐CPs) and organic ligand bridged CPs (o‐CPs). Based on the successful crystal engineering of CPs, we here propose noncrystalline states and functionalities as a new research direction for CPs. Control over the liquid or glassy states in materials is essential to obtain specific properties and functions. Several studies suggest the feasibility of obtaining liquid/glassy states in o‐CPs by design principles. The combination of metal ions and organic bridging ligands, together with the liquid/glass phase transformation, offer the possibility to transform o‐CPs into ionic liquids and other ionic soft materials. Synchrotron measurements and computational approaches contribute to elucidating the structures and dynamics of the liquid/glassy states of o‐CPs. This offers the opportunity to tune the porosity, conductivity, transparency, and other material properties. The unique energy landscape of liquid/glass o‐CPs offers opportunities for properties and functions that are complementary to those of the crystalline state.
A Simplified Method for Fractionation and Analysis of Waxes and Oils from Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Bran
Authors: Hums Megan E. , Moreau Robert A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the United States, sorghum is primarily used for animal feed and ethanol production but has potential to provide value‐added coproducts including waxes and oil. The surface of sorghum contains 0.1–0.4% wax; however, wax extraction from whole kernels before fermentation may not be economical. An alternative method for this extraction could be facilitated through decortication, abrasion of the surface to remove bran. Decortication increases the starch content of decorticated sorghum, potentially improving ethanol yields, while concentrating wax and oil to the bran. Typically, oil (triacylglycerols) and waxes are extracted from bran in one extraction and waxes are precipitated from oil using cold temperatures then filtration. This research compared traditional fractionation (simulated with a two‐step, single‐temperature extraction) to a two‐step, dual‐temperature extraction, whereby oil is first extracted at room temperature and then waxes at elevated temperature. Extractions were performed using an accelerated solvent extractor with hexane or ethanol as solvents. Ethanol extraction showed greater yields (~15% w/w) compared to those of hexane (~11% w/w) because polar materials were extracted. Using hexane, the two‐step, dual‐temperature fractionation separated waxes from oils via the temperature of extraction solvent with similar purity to the traditional method that fractionated via cold precipitation and filtration. For ethanol, the traditional single‐step method fractionated with higher wax purity but lower oil purity compared to the two‐step, dual‐temperature fractionation.
Enhancing flame retardance of epoxy resin by incorporation into ammonium polyphosphate/boron nitride nanosheets/zinc ferrite three‐dimensional porous aerogel via vacuum‐assisted infiltration
Authors: Zhang Qiaoran , Zhang Mengmeng , Shi Huili , Li Zhiwei , Yu Laigui , Li Xiaohong , Zhang Zhijun , Wu Zhishen 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBoron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) were combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and zinc ferrite (ZF) nanoparticle to prepare APP/BNNS/ZF composite aerogels via a freeze‐drying method. Then, epoxy resin (EP) was incorporated into the pores of the as‐obtained aerogels via a vacuum‐assisted infiltration method to afford APP/BNNS/ZF‐EP composites with greatly improved fire resistance. The flame‐retardant performance of the as‐prepared composites was evaluated by cone calorimetry test; and the flame‐retardant mechanism of the aerogels was discussed in relation to thermogravimetric‐infrared analysis of the pyrolysis products. Findings demonstrate that the APP/BNNS/ZF‐EP composite containing 24.0 wt % of the APP/BNNS/ZF aerogel exhibits superior flame‐retardant performance; and its peak heat release rate and total heat release are reduced by 86.2 and 86.5% as compared with those of pristine EP. The reason lies in that APP can be decomposed in the early stage of burning to generate phosphoric acid, thereby promoting the formation of char layer; ZF can catalyze the charring process; and BNNS can act as the physical barrier to retard the burning of EP. In addition, the APP10/BNNS1/ZF0.1‐EP composite can be endowed with superhydrophobicity via the modification of polydimethylsiloxane and hydrophobic nanosilica, which could contribute to broadening its scope of application. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48609.Highlights

Flame‐retardant APP/BNNS/ZF aerogels were prepared by a freeze‐drying method.

APP/BNNS/ZF‐EP composites were obtained via a vacuum‐assisted infiltration method.

The pHRR of composites are reduced by 86.2% as compared with that of pristine EP.

The EP composites exhibit excellent flame retardancy and superhydrophobicity.
Low‐defect graphene–polyamide‐6 composites and modeling the filler–matrix interface
Authors: Lee Kok Peng Marcian , Czajka Michael , Shanks Robert , Daver Fugen 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTLow‐defect graphene (G) was prepared via the thermal reduction of expanded graphite in a carbon monoxide environment. G exfoliated and suspended in p‐xylene was compounded in polyamide‐6 (PA6) with filler content ranging from 0.1 to 6%·w/w. Interactions between G and PA6 were characterized via Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Elastic modulus (E)had increased with increasing G content, and had exceeded idealized Halpin–Tsai predictions at 0.1–1.0%·w/w G content, indicating good dispersion and filler–matrix interactions. However, further analysis with a modified rule‐of‐mixtures (RoM) mathematical model indicate that the quality of filler–matrix interface had been suboptimal and had deteriorated drastically with increasing G content. The evaluation of interface quality is in agreement with observed changes in thermal behavior trends. The modified RoM can be applied as a useful tool toward interpreting the mechanical properties of graphene‐reinforced composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48630.
Arginolipid: A membrane‐active antifungal agent and its synergistic potential to combat drug resistance in clinical Candida isolates
Authors: Patil Mrunal , Wanjare Shashir , Borse Vivek , Srivastava Rohit , Mehta Preeti , Vavia Pradeep 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAntifungal drug resistance exhibits a major clinical challenge for treating nosocomial fungal infections. To find a possible solution, we synthesized and studied the antifungal activities of three different arginolipids (Nα‐acyl‐arginine ethyl ester) against clinical drug‐resistant isolates of Candida. The most active arginolipid, oleoyl arginine ethyl ester (OAEE) consisting of a long unsaturated hydrophobic chain, was tested for its mode of action, which revealed that it altered ergosterol biosynthesis and compromised the fungal cell membrane. Also, OAEE was found to exhibit synergistic interactions with fluconazole (FLU) or amphotericin B (AmB) against planktonic Candida cells, wherein it reduced the inhibitory concentrations of these drugs to their in vitro susceptible range. Studies conducted against the C. tropicalis biofilm revealed that the OAEE+AmB combination synergistically reduced the metabolic activity and hyphal density in biofilms, whereas OAEE+FLU was found to be additive against most cases. Finally, the evaluated selective toxicity of OAEE toward fungal cells over mammalian cells could establish it as an alternative treatment for combating drug‐resistant Candida infections.
Understanding task preparation and resumption behaviors in cross‐device search
Authors: Wu Dan , Dong Jing , Tang Yuan , Capra Rob 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt is now common for individuals to have multiple computing devices, such as laptops, smart phones, and tablets. This multidevice environment increases the popularity of cross‐device search activities. Cross‐device search can be seen as a special case of cross‐session search. Previous studies regarded re‐finding behaviors in cross‐session search as task resumption. Based on this, this article proposes considering 2 phases of cross‐device search: task preparation and task resumption and to explore their features by modeling. A within‐subject user experiment was designed to collect data. Four groups of features were captured from specific behaviors of querying, clicking, gazing, and cognition. This article tested 3 machine‐learning methods and found that the C5.0 decision tree performed best. Five features were included in the task preparation behavior model, and 3 in the task resumption behavior model. The difference and relationship between task preparation and task resumption were investigated by comparing their behavioral features. It is concluded that information need remains blurred in task preparation and becomes clear in task resumption. The changing states of information need suggest an exploratory process in cross‐device search. We also identify some implications for search engine designers.