bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approaching environmental human thermophysiological thresholds for the case of Ankara, Turkey
Authors: Santos Nouri A. , Afacan Y. , Çalışkan O. , Lin Tzu-Ping , Matzarakis A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe disclosed study undertook a ‘human centred-approach’ that ascertained and categorised environmental human thermophysiological risk factors by relating them to the human biometeorological system through the use of three widely utilised energy balance model (EBM) indices, the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), the modified PET, and the universal thermal climate index (UTCI). The disclosed assessment was carried out over the past decade (i.e., 2010–2019) with a 3-h temporal resolution for the case of Ankara through two WMO meteorological stations to compare both local urban and peri-urban environmental conditions. The study recognised extreme annual variability of human physiological stress (PS) during the different seasons as a result of the biometeorological processing of the singular variables, which in the case of average PET for both stations, varied by up to 75 °C between the winter and summer for the same annual dataset (2012). In addition, all EBMs indicated higher heat stress within the city centre that were conducive of both urban extreme heatwaves and very hot days during the summer months, with extreme heat stress levels lasting for longer than a week with PET values reaching a maximum of 48 °C. Similar cold extremes were found for the winter months, with PET values reaching − 30 °C, and average PS levels varying lower in the case of the peri-urban station.Graphical abstract
Adhesion and whitening effects of P11-4 self-assembling peptide and HAP suspension on bovine enamel
Authors: Hojabri Niloofar , Kaisarly Dalia , Kunzelmann Karl-Heinz 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
This study evaluated the adhesion and whitening effects of a combination of P11-4 self-assembling peptide and hydroxyapatite (peptide-HAP) on bovine enamel.

Methods
Forty-six caries-free bovine teeth were selected, and 40 teeth were randomly allocated to one of five groups (n = 8). First, the effects of application frequency, exposure time, and storage in saliva on the whitening effects of an experimental low-concentrated peptide-HAP suspension (0.5 wt% HAP; Curodont, Credentis) were evaluated and compared with a commercial bleaching agent (VivaStyle Paint on Plus, VS, Ivoclar Vivadent). Tooth color was measured using a spectrophotometer (Gretag MacBeth), and color changes ΔE were statistically analyzed. Second, the effects of peptide-HAP concentration (low versus high: 6.25% HAP; Curodont Protect), and its interactions with saliva and postapplication restaining, were investigated. Third, enamel surfaces (n = 2) were treated with low concentration peptide-HAP and high-concentration peptide-HAP in polymeric and monomeric forms (Curodont Protect & Curodont Repair, Credentis) and analyzed by SEM.

Results
The ΔE of the low-concentration peptide-HAP suspension did not differ from that of VS. Application frequency, exposure time, and storage in saliva did not have any significant impact on whitening efficacy of the peptide-HAP suspension. Increasing the concentration of the suspension did not promote overall ΔE. SEM observations confirmed the presence of the newly generated peptide and HAP on the enamel surface.

Conclusions
The peptide-HAP suspension is a mild tooth whitener, and the adhesion of peptide-HAP to enamel is concentration dependent.

Clinical relevance
This peptide-HAP suspension is effective in offsetting discoloration caused by restaining after treatment.
One-year efficacy and safety of single or one to three weekly injections of hylan G-F 20 for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: De Lucia Orazio , Jerosch Joerg , Yoon Sophie , Sayre Tobias , Ngai Wilson , Filippou Georgios 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of single or 1–3 weekly injections of hylan G-F 20 at 1 year following the first injection for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL and included relevant conference proceedings (January 1, 1995–August 17, 2020). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized trials, and observational studies investigating 1-year efficacy and safety of 1–3 weekly injections or single hylan G-F 20 injection for knee OA were included. Primary outcomes were WOMAC pain, physical function, and stiffness. Meta-analyses of RCTs and non-randomized studies were conducted separately. Our search identified 24 eligible studies. Hylan G-F 20, in the meta-analyses of RCTs, showed statistically significant improvement in WOMAC pain (SMCC − 0.98, 95% CI − 1.50, − 0.46), physical function (SMCC − 1.05, 95% CI − 1.28, − 0.83), and stiffness (SMCC − 1.07, 95% CI −1.28, −0.86). Improvement was also seen for VAS pain, SF-36 MCS (mental component summary), and SF-36 PCS (physical component summary). Analyses of non-randomized studies showed similar efficacy estimates. There were no significant differences in efficacy based on injection schedule, nor between RCT and non-randomized studies. Rates of adverse events (AEs) were low for most types of AEs. Hylan G-F 20 (either as single or 1–3 weekly injections) showed improvement in 1-year efficacy outcomes in comparison to baseline and was generally well tolerated. While further research will inform the medical field regarding viscosupplementation treatment options for knee OA, these findings show that hylan G-F 20 at both frequencies/dosages are efficacious and generally well tolerated for long-term use.
GKL Tagung zur Bestandesaufnahme von Mikro- und Makroplastik im Gartenbau
Authors: Blanke M. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie GKL-Tagung zum Nachhaltigen Einsatz von Kunststoffen im Gartenbau im September 2019 bei FVG in Dernbach informierte über den aktuellen Wissensstand1) Nach der GKL-Erhebung von Freyer und Lampe in 2018 wird der Einsatz von Agrarfolien (LD-PE einschl. Netze aus HD-PE) im Obstbau auf ca. 16.000 ha und im Gemüsebau auf ca. 40.000 ha (einschl. Vlies) geschätzt; die Daten sind stimmig mit den zeitgleichen Gartenbau-Anbaustatistiken des JKI in 2018 und BMEL in 2014 und entsprechen ca. 22 % der Anbaufläche im Obstbau und ca. 29 % im Gemüsebau.2) Bei 4,07 Mio. t Kompost jährlich mit einer Fracht von 817 t Mikroplastik liegen die Mikroplastik Einträge für die ca. 200.000 ha Obst- und Gemüsebaufläche (einschl. Baumschulen) in Deutschland im theoretischen Durchschnitt bei ca. 61 t/Jahr.3) Diese Kunststoffeinträge mit dem Kompost lassen sich durch eine Änderung des Verhaltens der Verbraucher reduzieren, die ihren Biomüll in Plastiktüten sammeln und dann mit diesen und ebenso Blumen mit (Plastik‑) Blumentopf in der braunen Biotonne entsorgen – dazu bedarf es Aufklärung durch den Grünen Punkt, die in Planung ist;4) Für gebrauchte Hagelnetze (HD-PE) ist eine Ausdehnung des bereits am Bodensee bestehenden Rückführungssystems auf die anderen Obstbauregionen geplant sowie eine Ausweitung der Rückführung (und Recycling) von Agrarfolien im bestehenden (freiwilligen) ERDE Rückführsystem europäischer Kunststoffhersteller, so dass die Entstehung von Mikroplastik aus Agrarfolien bei der Folien-Entsorgung vermieden wird.Insgesamt kann eine validierte Einschätzung der Emissionen von Mikroplastik aus Agrarfolien noch nicht vorgenommen werden und erfordert weitere Forschung sowie eine Recherche von Daten, die schwierig zu erheben sind, und vor allem Kenntnisse über die Abbauraten von Mikro- und Makroplastik in unterschiedlicher Umgebung.
Pediatric infection and sepsis in five age subgroups: single-center registry
Authors: Hermon Michael M. , Etmayr Theresa , Brandt Jennifer Bettina , Sadeghi Kambis , Burda Gudrun , Golej Johann 
Published: October 2020

Summary
Background
Sepsis is, worldwide, one of the leading causes of death among infants and children. Over the past two decades, mortality rates have declined due to advanced treatment options; however, the incidence of sepsis and septic shock is still on the rise in many hospital settings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the course of this disease in pediatric intensive care patients.

Methods
An evaluation of pediatric patients in the intensive care unit diagnosed with infections or sepsis between 2005 and 2015 was performed via a retrospective exploratory data analysis.

Results
During the observational period, 201 patients were diagnosed with infection or sepsis. The study population was divided into five age subgroups. The majority of patients were newborns, infants, and toddlers. Forty percent had sepsis; 6% had septic shock. Viral infection was the most prevalent (59%). The overall survival rate was 83%; newborns and adolescents had the lowest survival rates.

Conclusion
With this registry, children divided into five age subgroups with infection or sepsis were evaluated and treatment strategies were examined. We have shown that our findings on children treated in our pediatric intensive care unit conform with current literature about pediatric sepsis. In addition to maintaining strict hygiene standards, optimal aspects of sepsis care should be stringently observed, such as the quick administration of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics, initial adequate fluid resuscitation, and a reliable and frequent routine of source control.
New Light on the Silent Millennia: Mediterranean Africa, ca. 4000–900 BC
Authors: Lucarini Giulio , Bokbot Youssef , Broodbank Cyprian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe so-called neolithization process (ca. 6000/5500–4000 BC) in Mediterranean Africa and the Sahara has been increasingly researched in recent years. In contrast, relatively little is known, especially in Mediterranean Africa, of the period between the beginnings of irreversible climatic deterioration in the Sahara, around 4000–3500 BC, and the onset of Iron Age to broadly Classical times. Why, with the exception of the Nile Delta, is our knowledge of the period between the fourth millennium BC and the threshold of the first Iron Age Phoenician and Greek colonies so limited? To what extent can this information gap be attributed to aridification in the Mediterranean zone, or is it rather a product of the failure to look for the right kinds of materials and sites, and of their relative visibility? In order to answer these questions, this paper focuses specifically on Mediterranean Africa (with the exception of Egypt) from about 4000 BC to ca. 900 BC. It is mainly based on the data made available onMedAfriCarbon, a spatially linked, publicly accessible database and web app comprising the 14C chronometric evidence from Mediterranean Africa from 12,000 to 600 cal. BC, with details of associated cultural and economic information. Analysis of these data shows that most of Mediterranean Africa beyond the Nile was occupied to different extents throughout the 3000-year period covered in this article and that, with a few important exceptions, the robust and resilient nature of local, mainly pastoral, ways of life militated against a shift towards a fully agricultural economy.
Emotion: More like Action than Perception
Authors: Naar Hichem 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough some still advance reductive accounts of emotions—according to which they fall under a more familiar type of mental state—contemporary philosophers tend to agree that emotions probably constitute their own kind of mental state. Agreeing with this claim, however, is compatible with attempting to find commonalities between emotions and better understood things. According to the advocates of the so-called ‘perceptual analogy’, thinking of emotion in terms of perception can fruitfully advance our understanding even though emotion may not be reducible to ordinary perception. In this paper, I spell out and motivate a different analogy—that between emotion andaction—an analogy which I think can do some important theoretical work. In particular, it constitutes a theoretically fruitful way to think about core aspects of emotions and might in fact be employed to provide a better account of certain aspects of emotions than the one based on the perceptual analogy. Emotions might not be a matter of seeing the world a certain way, but a matter of behaving internally in response to it. In a slogan form: Emotion is the inward counterpart of bodily movement.
Advances in verification of ReLU neural networks
Authors: Rössig Ansgar , Petkovic Milena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider the problem of verifying linear properties of neural networks. Despite their success in many classification and prediction tasks, neural networks may return unexpected results for certain inputs. This is highly problematic with respect to the application of neural networks for safety-critical tasks, e.g. in autonomous driving. We provide an overview of algorithmic approaches that aim to provide formal guarantees on the behaviour of neural networks. Moreover, we present new theoretical results with respect to the approximation of ReLU neural networks. On the other hand, we implement a solver for verification of ReLU neural networks which combines mixed integer programming with specialized branching and approximation techniques. To evaluate its performance, we conduct an extensive computational study. For that we use test instances based on the ACAS Xu system and the MNIST handwritten digit data set. The results indicate that our approach is very competitive with others, i.e. it outperforms the solvers of Bunel et al. (in: Bengio, Wallach, Larochelle, Grauman, Cesa-Bianchi, Garnett (eds) Advances in neural information processing systems (NIPS 2018), 2018) and Reluplex (Katz et al. in: Computer aided verification—29th international conference, CAV 2017, Heidelberg, Germany, July 24–28, 2017, Proceedings, 2017). In comparison to the solvers ReluVal (Wang et al. in: 27th USENIX security symposium (USENIX Security 18), USENIX Association, Baltimore, 2018a) and Neurify (Wang et al. in: 32nd Conference on neural information processing systems (NIPS), Montreal, 2018b), the number of necessary branchings is much smaller. Our solver is publicly available and able to solve the verification problem for instances which do not have independent bounds for each input neuron.
The Role of Ethnic Prejudice in the Modulation of Cradling Lateralization
Authors: Malatesta Gianluca , Marzoli Daniele , Morelli Luca , Pivetti Monica , Tommasi Luca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe left-cradling bias is the tendency to cradle an infant on the left side, regardless of the individuals’ handedness, culture or ethnicity. Many studies revealed associations between socio-emotional variables and the left-side bias, suggesting that this asymmetry might be considered as a proxy of the emotional attunement between the cradling and the cradled individuals. In this study we examined whether adult females with high levels of prejudice toward a specific ethnic group would show reduced left-cradling preferences when required to cradle an infant-like doll with ethnical features of the prejudiced group. We manipulated the ethnicity of the cradled individual by asking 336 Caucasian women to cradle a White or a Black doll and then assessed their prejudice levels toward African individuals. Significant correlations were shown only in the Black doll group indicating that the more the prejudice toward Africans, the more the cradling-side preferences shifted toward the right. Furthermore, participants exhibiting low levels—but not those exhibiting high levels—of ethnic prejudice showed a significant left-cradling bias. These findings show that ethnic prejudice toward the specific ethnic group of the cradled individual can interfere with the left preference in the cradling woman. The present study corroborates our suggestion that the left-cradling bias might be considered as a natural index of a positive socio-communicative relationship between the cradling and cradled individuals. On the contrary, the right-cradling bias might be considered as a cue of the presence of affective dysfunctions in the relationship.
Learning with mitigating random consistency from the accuracy measure
Authors: Wang Jieting , Qian Yuhua , Li Feijiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman beings may make random guesses in decision-making. Occasionally, their guesses may generate consistency with the real situation. This kind of consistency is termed random consistency. In the area of machine leaning, the randomness is unavoidable and ubiquitous in learning algorithms. However, the accuracy (A), which is a fundamental performance measure for machine learning, does not recognize the random consistency. This causes that the classifiers learnt by A contain the random consistency. The random consistency may cause an unreliable evaluation and harm the generalization performance. To solve this problem, the pure accuracy (PA) is defined to eliminate the random consistency from the A. In this paper, we mainly study the necessity, learning consistency and leaning method of the PA. We show that the PA is insensitive to the class distribution of classifier and is more fair to the majority and the minority than A. Subsequently, some novel generalization bounds on the PA and A are given. Furthermore, we show that the PA is Bayes-risk consistent in finite and infinite hypothesis space. We design a plug-in rule that maximizes the PA, and the experiments on twenty benchmark data sets demonstrate that the proposed method performs statistically better than the kernel logistic regression in terms of PA and comparable performance in terms of A. Compared with the other plug-in rules, the proposed method obtains much better performance.
Fast and accurate pseudoinverse with sparse matrix reordering and incremental approach
Authors: Jung Jinhong , Sael Lee 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHow can we compute the pseudoinverse of a sparse feature matrix efficiently and accurately for solving optimization problems? A pseudoinverse is a generalization of a matrix inverse, which has been extensively utilized as a fundamental building block for solving linear systems in machine learning. However, an approximate computation, let alone an exact computation, of pseudoinverse is very time-consuming due to its demanding time complexity, which limits it from being applied to large data. In this paper, we propose FastPI (Fast PseudoInverse), a novel incremental singular value decomposition (SVD) based pseudoinverse method for sparse matrices. Based on the observation that many real-world feature matrices are sparse and highly skewed, FastPI reorders and divides the feature matrix and incrementally computes low-rank SVD from the divided components. To show the efficacy of proposed FastPI, we apply them in real-world multi-label linear regression problems. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that FastPI computes the pseudoinverse faster than other approximate methods without loss of accuracy. Results imply that our method efficiently computes the low-rank pseudoinverse of a large and sparse matrix that other existing methods cannot handle with limited time and space.
Multibody dynamics analysis of the human upper body for rotorcraft–pilot interaction
Authors: Zanoni Andrea , Cocco Alessandro , Masarati Pierangelo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe study of the biodynamic response of helicopter passengers and pilots, when excited by rotorcraft vibrations that are transmitted through the seat and, for the latter, the control inceptors, is of great importance in different areas of aircraft design. Handling qualities are affected by the proneness of the aircraft to give rise to adverse interactions, an unwanted quality that can be captured by the so-called biodynamic feedthrough. On the other hand, the transmissibility of vibrations, especially from the seat to the head, affects the comfort of pilots and passengers during flight. Detailed and parametrised multibody modelling of the human upper body can provide a strong base to support design decisions justified by a first-principles approach. In this work, a multibody model of the upper body is formed by connecting a previously developed detailed model of the arms to a similarly detailed model of the spine. The whole model can be adapted to a specific subject, identified by age, gender, weight and height. The spine model and the scaling procedure have been validated using the experimental results for seat to head transmissibility. The coupled spine-arms model is used to evaluate the biodynamic response in terms of involuntary motion induced on the control inceptors, including the related nonlinearities.
Introducing the VIPLAN Methodology (with VSM) for Handling Messy Situations – Nine Lessons
Authors: Harwood Stephen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the utility of a novel and relatively unknown approach to handling messy situations. This approach, developed by Raul Espejo, is the VIPLAN Methodology. It is presented as a heuristic and comprises a set of six activities which act as ‘pointers’ to guide thinking and actions. The methodology’s contribution rests upon its explicit focus upon the context within which messy situations are handled. This draws attention to the cybernetics of the situation (Cybernetic Loop), which can be made sense of using the Viable System Model. However, one of the challenges of the methodology is the perception that it is complex and difficult to use. A case-study is used to investigate how the methodology can be operationalised. This reveals a set of nine lessons, which are offered as guidelines to enhance our understanding of how to use the VIPLAN Methodology.
Efficient implementation of modular multiplication over 192-bit NIST prime for 8-bit AVR-based sensor node
Authors: Park Dong-won , Hong Seokhie , Chang Nam Su , Cho Sung Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractModular multiplication is one of the most time-consuming operations that account for almost 80% of computational overhead in a scalar multiplication in elliptic curve cryptography. In this paper, we present a new speed record for modular multiplication over 192-bit NIST prime P-192 on 8-bit AVR ATmega microcontrollers.
We propose a new integer representation named Range Shifted Representation (RSR) which enables an efficient merging of the reduction operation into the subtractive Karatsuba multiplication. This merging results in a dramatic optimization in the intermediate accumulation of modular multiplication by reducing a significant amount of unnecessary memory access as well as the number of addition operations. Our merged modular multiplication on RSR is designed to have two duplicated groups of 96-bit intermediate values during accumulation. Hence, only one accumulation of the group is required and the result can be used twice.
Consequently, we significantly reduce the number of load/store instructions which are known to be one of the most time-consuming operations for modular multiplication on constrained devices. Our implementation requires only 2888 cycles for the modular multiplication of 192-bit integers and outperforms the previous best result for modular multiplication over P-192 by a factor of 17%. In addition, our modular multiplication is even faster than the Karatsuba multiplication (without reduction) which achieved a speed record for multiplication on AVR processor.