bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of early intervention with onabotulinumtoxinA treatment in adult patients with post-stroke lower limb spasticity: results from the double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 REFLEX study
Authors: Patel Atul T. , Ward Anthony B. , Geis Carolyn , Jost Wolfgang H. , Liu Chengcheng , Dimitrova Rozalina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study in patients with post-stroke lower limb spasticity (PSLLS) was to evaluate the relationship between time of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment relative to stroke and efficacy outcomes. This was a phase 3, international, multicenter, randomized, 12-week, double-blind study, followed by a repeated treatment, open-label extension. Patients were aged 18–85 years with PSLLS (Modified Ashworth Scale [MAS] ≥ 3) of the ankle with the most recent stroke occurring ≥ 3 months before screening. Patients (double-blind phase) were randomized (n = 468) to onabotulinumtoxinA 300–400 U (300 U, mandatory ankle muscles (gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior); and ≤ 100 U, optional lower limb muscles (flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis, and rectus femoris]) or placebo. Primary endpoint: MAS change from baseline (average score of weeks 4 and 6). Secondary endpoints: physician-assessed Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI) average score of weeks 4 and 6 and physician-assessed Goal Attainment Scale (GAS; active and passive, weeks 8 and 12). When stratified by time since stroke (≤ 24 months, n = 153; > 24 months, n = 315, post hoc), patients treated ≤ 24 months post-stroke experienced greater improvements from baseline versus placebo in MAS (− 0.31 vs − 0.17), CGI (0.49 vs 0.12), and passive GAS scores (week 12, 0.37 vs 0.26). A ≥  − 1-point improvement in active (week 12; p = 0.04) and passive (week 8; p = 0.02) GAS scores versus placebo was achieved by more patients treated ≤ 24 months post-stroke; in patients treated > 24 months post-stroke, improvements were only observed in active scores (week 8; p = 0.04). OnabotulinumtoxinA 300–400 U was well tolerated, with no new safety findings.
Bioadhesion in the oral cavity and approaches for biofilm management by surface modifications
Authors: Sterzenbach Torsten , Helbig Ralf , Hannig Christian , Hannig Matthias 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
All soft and solid surface structures in the oral cavity are covered by the acquired pellicle followed by bacterial colonization. This applies for natural structures as well as for restorative or prosthetic materials; the adherent bacterial biofilm is associated among others with the development of caries, periodontal diseases, peri-implantitis, or denture-associated stomatitis. Accordingly, there is a considerable demand for novel materials and coatings that limit and modulate bacterial attachment and/or propagation of microorganisms.

Objectives and findings
The present paper depicts the current knowledge on the impact of different physicochemical surface characteristics on bioadsorption in the oral cavity. Furthermore, it was carved out which strategies were developed in dental research and general surface science to inhibit bacterial colonization and to delay biofilm formation by low-fouling or “easy-to-clean” surfaces. These include the modulation of physicochemical properties such as periodic topographies, roughness, surface free energy, or hardness. In recent years, a large emphasis was laid on micro- and nanostructured surfaces and on liquid repellent superhydrophic as well as superhydrophilic interfaces. Materials incorporating mobile or bound nanoparticles promoting bacteriostatic or bacteriotoxic properties were also used. Recently, chemically textured interfaces gained increasing interest and could represent promising solutions for innovative antibioadhesion interfaces. Due to the unique conditions in the oral cavity, mainly in vivo or in situ studies were considered in the review.

Conclusion
Despite many promising approaches for modulation of biofilm formation in the oral cavity, the ubiquitous phenomenon of bioadsorption and adhesion pellicle formation in the challenging oral milieu masks surface properties and therewith hampers low-fouling strategies.

Clinical relevance
Improved dental materials and surface coatings with easy-to-clean properties have the potential to improve oral health, but extensive and systematic research is required in this field to develop biocompatible and effective substances.
Skillful prediction of winter Arctic Oscillation from previous summer in a linear empirical model
Authors: Ren Hong-Li , Nie Yu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe winter Arctic Oscillation (WAO), as a primary atmospheric variability mode in the Northern Hemisphere, plays a key role in influencing mid-high-latitude climate variations. However, current dynamical seasonal forecasting systems have limited skills in predicting WAO with lead time longer than two months. In this study, we design a linear empirical model using two effective precursors from anomalies of the Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) and the tropical sea surface temperature (SST) initiated in preceding late summer (August) which are both significantly correlated with WAO in recent four decades. This model can provide a skillful prediction of WAO at about half-year lead started from previous summer and perform much better than the dynamical models. Such a significantly prolonged lead time is owed to the stable precursor signals extracted from the SIC and SST anomalies over specific areas, which can persist from previous August and be further enhanced through autumn months. Validation results show that this model can produce a 20-year independent-validated prediction skill of 0.45 for 1999–2018 and a 39-year cross-validated skill of 0.67 for 1980–2018, providing a potentially effective tool for earlier predictions of winter climate variations at mid-high latitudes.
Vom Sinn des Sinns als geteiltem Sinn – über Führungsentwicklung in turbulenten Zeiten
Authors: Kleinhuber Andrea , Hermann Anja 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung„In der Krise beweist sich der Charakter“ (Helmut Schmidt) – und die Kultur einer Organisation. Trägt sie auch in schwierigen Zeiten? Kommt es unter Druck zu einer Verstärkung der positiven oder der dysfunktionalen Aspekte? Dieser Praxisbericht befasst sich mit einem Pflegebereich eines Universitätsklinikums und insbesondere seiner Führungskultur, die jüngst angesichts der COVID-19-Pandemie einem „Stresstest“ ausgesetzt war. Erleichternderweise trat hier ein solides Fundament zutage bzw. es zeigte sich die positive Kraft einer bereichsumfassenden Kultur der gemeinschaftlichen Führung. Unser Beitrag zu diesem Themenheft der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) reflektiert einen fünfjährigen Führungsentwicklungsprozess, der die Herausbildung einer adaptiven und gemeinschaftsorientierten Führungspraxis, welche Komplexität, permanente Veränderung und multiple Spannungsfelder konstruktiv bewältigen kann, unterstützt hat. Kernelemente dieses Prozesses waren regelmäßige Großgruppenworkshops, die als Resonanz‑, Reflexions- und Experimentierräume dienten sowie Vertrauen und Verbundenheit förderten. Wir rekapitulieren zunächst wesentliche Schritte und Inhalte des Prozesses und beleuchten dann auf Basis von Interviews mit beteiligten Führungspersonen Wirkfaktoren und Gelingensvoraussetzungen der stattgefundenen Entwicklungen. Anschließend erfolgt eine Auseinandersetzung mit theoretischen Perspektiven auf Sinnfragen in Zusammenhang mit Führung und eine Einordnung und Diskussion des Fallbeispiels vor diesem Hintergrund. Dabei interessieren uns vor allem solche Ansätze, die Sinnphänomene als transsubjektiv und kollektiv betrachten und unser Beitrag plädiert dafür, Sinn nicht losgelöst von den Gemeinschaften zu denken, in welchen er entsteht. Wir enden mit einem Resümee und Ausblick angesichts einer Reorganisation im Kontext des Fallbeispiels.
A review of ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests
Authors: Zhu Jiaojun , Song Lining 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA protective forest, including shelterbelt, windbreak, and shelter forest as its synonyms, is characterized by the protective functions of various forest types distributed or planted on ecologically fragile areas or nearby the objects that need to be protected using the ecological effects of forests. Ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests is one of the disciplinary orientations in forest ecology and management. Most protective forest studies are dependent on forestry eco-engineering, such as the Great Plains Shelterbelt Project in the United States, the Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature in the Soviet Union, and the Three-North Afforestation Program in China. The development of sustainable management of protective forests has been given increasing attention by governments, scientists, and media due to their impacts on environment conservation and global change. We introduce forestry eco-engineering and provide a review of their main ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests. Ecological mechanisms for management systems currently applied are emphasized, i.e., the theory of protection maturity and phase-directional management; the relationship between structure and protective functions and structural optimization measures; and, the decline mechanism and ecological restoration strategies. In addition, several unresolved problems in management practices of protective forests are discussed as well as the prospects for ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests in the future, which include: (1) theories and technologies for management practices of protective forests at the landscape or regional scale; (2) the decline mechanisms and corresponding ecological restoration approaches across multiple scales; and, (3) the comprehensive assessment of forestry eco-engineering at large-scales based on ecosystem principles.
Radiolabelled PSMA PET/CT or PET/MRI in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): a systematic review
Authors: Dondi Francesco , Albano Domenico , Cerudelli Elisabetta , Gazzilli Maria , Giubbini Raffaele , Treglia Giorgio , Bertagna Francesco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionRadiolabelled prostate-specific membrane antigen PSMA-based PET/CT or PET/MRI is a whole-body imaging technique usually performed for the detection of prostate cancer lesions. PSMA has been also demonstrated to be expressed by the neovasculature of many other solid tumors. The aim of this review is to evaluate the possible diagnostic role of radiolabelled PSMA PET/CT or PET/MRI in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, by summarizing the available literature data.MethodsA wide literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane library databases was made to find relevant published articles about the diagnostic performance of radiolabelled PSMA binding agents in PET/CT or PET/MRI imaging of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.ResultsTen case reports and three studies showed that hepatocellular carcinoma is PSMA-avid.ConclusionRadiolabelled PSMA imaging seems to be useful in analyzing hepatocellular carcinoma. Further studies enrolling a wider population are needed to clarify the real clinical and diagnostic role of radiolabelled PSMA in this setting.
Social Determinants of Pharmacy Deserts in Los Angeles County
Authors: Wisseh Cheryl , Hildreth Kristin , Marshall Jazalene , Tanner Ashton , Bazargan Mohsen , Robinson Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs medications are commonly used to prevent and mitigate chronic diseases and their associated complications and outcomes, limited geographic access to medications in communities that are already plagued with health inequity is a growing concern. This is especially important because low-income urban minority communities often have high prevalence and incidence of cardiometabolic and respiratory chronic conditions. Community pharmacy deserts have been established in Chicago, New York, and other locales. In part because the definition was originally adapted from the concept of food deserts, existing studies have either utilized the distance of 1 mile or greater to the nearest community pharmacy solely, or used distance along with the same predefined social indicator thresholds that define food deserts (i.e., income and vehicle ownership), to define and identify areas as pharmacy deserts. No full analysis has been conducted of the social determinants that define and characterize medication shortage areas within a given locale, even though medication and food are usually accessed independently. Therefore, to address this gap in the literature, this study was designed to identify all potential “pharmacy deserts” in Los Angeles County based on distance alone and then characterize them by their social determinants of health (SDOH) indicators. Geographic pharmacy deserts were identified as census tracts where the nearest community pharmacy was 1 mile or more away from a tract centroid. K-means clustering was applied to group pharmacy deserts based on their composition of social determinants of health indicators. Twenty-five percent (571/2323) of LA County census tracts were pharmacy deserts and 75% (1752/2323) were pharmacy non-deserts. Within the desert areas, two statistically distinct groups of pharmacy deserts (type one and type two) emerged from the analysis. In comparison to type two pharmacy deserts, type one pharmacy deserts were characterized by a denser population, had more renters, more residents that speak English as a second language, less vehicle ownership, more residents living under the federal poverty level, more Black and Hispanic residents, more areas with higher crime against property and people, and less health professionals to serve the area. Residing in type one desert areas, potentially compounds the geographic shortage of pharmacies and pharmacy services. As such, residents in Los Angeles County pharmacy deserts might benefit greatly from equitable, innovative, community-based interventions that increase access to medications, pharmacy services, and pharmacists.
Atomic Modulation of 3D Conductive Frameworks Boost Performance of MnO2 for Coaxial Fiber-Shaped Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Xiaona , Zhou Zhenyu , Sun Zhijian , Hah Jinho , Yao Yagang , Moon Kyoung-Sik , Di Jiangtao , Li Qingwen , Wong Ching-ping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitors are a promising class of energy storage devices requiring high performance for flexible and miniature electronic devices. Yet, they are still struggling from inferior energy density, which comes from the limited choices in materials and structure used. Here, Zn-doped CuO nanowires were designed as 3D framework for aligned distributing high mass loading of MnO2 nanosheets. Zn could be introduced into the CuO crystal lattice to tune the covalency character and thus improve charge transport. The Zn–CuO@MnO2 as positive electrode obtained superior performance without sacrificing its areal and gravimetric capacitances with the increasing of mass loading of MnO2 due to 3D Zn–CuO framework enabling efficient electron transport. A novel category of free-standing asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor based on Zn0.11CuO@MnO2 core electrode possesses superior specific capacitance and enhanced cell potential window. This asymmetric coaxial structure provides superior performance including higher capacity and better stability under deformation because of sufficient contact between the electrodes and electrolyte. Based on these advantages, the as-prepared asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor exhibits a high specific capacitance of 296.6 mF cm−2 and energy density of 133.47 μWh cm−2. In addition, its capacitance retention reaches 76.57% after bending 10,000 times, which demonstrates as-prepared device’s excellent flexibility and long-term cycling stability.
Diskriminierung und Diskriminierungskritik: eine problemsoziologische Analyse
Authors: Scherr A. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungEin Verständnis von Diskriminierung als soziales Problem kann einen breiten gesellschaftlichen Konsens für sich beanspruchen. Denn es wird als ein Kennzeichen moderner, den normativen Prinzipien der Menschenrechte verpflichteter Gesellschaften angesehen, dass Diskriminierung aufgrund zugeschriebener oder tatsächlicher Kollektivmerkmale, z. B. aufgrund der Religionszugehörigkeit, des Geschlechts und der sexuellen Orientierung, aufgrund von Behinderungen oder von Ethnizität, als unzulässig gilt. Demgegenüber wird hier in einer problemsoziologischen Perspektive aufgezeigt, warum dieser Konsens fragwürdig und brüchig ist, sowie warum Diskriminierung auch nicht allein als Effekt tradierter Vorurteile und obsoleter Ideologien, sondern nur dann zureichend verstanden werden kann, wenn auch gesellschaftsstrukturelle Bedingungen von Diskriminierung und die Verwendung diskriminierender Unterscheidungen durch Organisationen berücksichtigt werden. Aufgezeigt werden damit Grundlagen und Perspektiven einer problemsoziologisch informierten Diskriminierungsforschung.
The Significance of Measuring Vitamin D Serum Levels in Women with Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Ciebiera Michał , Ali Mohamed , Prince Lillian , Zgliczyński Stanisław , Jakiel Grzegorz , Al-Hendy Ayman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUterine fibroids (UFs) are benign tumors originating from smooth muscle cells and are considered a common pathology that affects numerous women which is a notable socio-economic problem. Several UF risk factors have been identified including black race, obesity, and vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D is steroid compound with pleiotropic effects on the human body. Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health concern worldwide. Several studies have shown that the majority of UF patients experienced hypovitaminosis D. In addition, sufficient vitamin D serum levels are associated with the reduced risk of UFs. In this review, we present available data highlighting the importance of measuring vitamin D serum levels in women with UFs and women at a high risk for UF development. We proposed a preliminary clinical instruction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurements and vitamin D supplementation for clinicians who are involved in the treatment of patients with UFs. Achieving sufficient serum levels of vitamin D might be of interest in patients with UFs. Screening, supplementation, treatment guidelines, and public health strategies for vitamin D deficiency in women with UFs as well as women at a high risk of UF development might be of potential importance as well.
Experiences of positive career change among female breast cancer survivors: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Woodhouse Katharine , Yates Julia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article reports on women’s experiences of career change following a breast cancer diagnosis and explores whether their illness represents the driving force to pursue previously unfulfilled career ambitions. The participants were four women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and had changed career direction after their treatment. Data were conducted through in-depth interviews and were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Four themes prominent throughout each women’s narrative were identified: (i) a pre-diagnosis, unhappiness at work, (ii) a sense of stepping off the treadmill, (iii) a sharp focus upon their “self,” and subsequently (iv) a flourishing “work-life.” Further research is needed to investigate how common these findings are among women with breast cancer.
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF WEIHRAUCH REDUCIBILITY IN SYSTEMS CONTAINING
Authors: UFTRING PATRICK 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe characterize Weihrauch reducibility in

$ \operatorname {\mathrm {E-PA^{\omega }}} + \operatorname {\mathrm {QF-AC^{0,0}}}$
and all systems containing it by the provability in a linear variant of the same calculus using modifications of Gödel’s Dialectica interpretation that incorporate ideas from linear logic, nonstandard arithmetic, higher-order computability, and phase semantics.
THE MODAL LOGICS OF KRIPKE–FEFERMAN TRUTH
Authors: NICOLAI CARLO , STERN JOHANNES 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe determine the modal logic of fixed-point models of truth and their axiomatizations by Solomon Feferman via Solovay-style completeness results. Given a fixed-point model
$\mathcal {M}$
, or an axiomatization S thereof, we find a modal logic M such that a modal sentence
$\varphi $
is a theorem of M if and only if the sentence
$\varphi ^*$
obtained by translating the modal operator with the truth predicate is true in
$\mathcal {M}$
or a theorem of S under all such translations. To this end, we introduce a novel version of possible worlds semantics featuring both classical and nonclassical worlds and establish the completeness of a family of noncongruent modal logics whose internal logic is nonclassical with respect to this semantics.
How to build a dinosaur: Musculoskeletal modeling and simulation of locomotor biomechanics in extinct animals
Authors: Bishop Peter J. , Cuff Andrew R. , Hutchinson John R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe intersection of paleontology and biomechanics can be reciprocally illuminating, helping to improve paleobiological knowledge of extinct species and furthering our understanding of the generality of biomechanical principles derived from study of extant species. However, working with data gleaned primarily from the fossil record has its challenges. Building on decades of prior research, we outline and critically discuss a complete workflow for biomechanical analysis of extinct species, using locomotor biomechanics in the Triassic theropod dinosaurCoelophysisas a case study. We progress from the digital capture of fossil bone morphology to creating rigged skeletal models, to reconstructing musculature and soft tissue volumes, to the development of computational musculoskeletal models, and finally to the execution of biomechanical simulations. Using a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model comprising 33 muscles, a static inverse simulation of the mid-stance of running shows thatCoelophysisprobably used more upright (extended) hindlimb postures and was likely capable of withstanding a vertical ground reaction force of magnitude more than 2.5 times body weight. We identify muscle force-generating capacity as a key source of uncertainty in the simulations, highlighting the need for more refined methods of estimating intrinsic muscle parameters such as fiber length. Our approach emphasizes the explicit application of quantitative techniques and physics-based principles, which helps maximize results robustness and reproducibility. Although we focus on one specific taxon and question, many of the techniques and philosophies explored here have much generality to them, so they can be applied in biomechanical investigation of other extinct organisms.