bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do stroke clinical practice guideline recommendations for the intervention of thickened liquids for aspiration support evidence based decision making? A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: McCurtin Arlene , Boland Pauline , Kavanagh Maeve , Lisiecka Dominika , Roche Caoimhe , Galvin Rose 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRationaleAspiration is a common sequela post stroke as a result of oropharyngeal dysphagia. It is primarily managed using the poorly empirically supported intervention of thickened liquids. Where evidence is limited, clinicians may rely on clinical practice guidelines to support decision making. The purpose of this systematic review and narrative synthesis was to evaluate the evidentiary bases of recommendations made by stroke clinical practice guidelines regarding the thickened liquids intervention.MethodsA systematic review was conducted on stroke clinical guidelines retrieved via searches conducted across a range of databases including Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library as well as through association websites. Guidelines were eligible for inclusion if they focused on adult stroke populations, made recommendations relating to the thickened liquid intervention and were published between January 2010 and December 2018. Four independent reviewers rated methodological quality using the AGREE‐II instrument. Intervention recommendations were extracted and analysed using the Criteria for Levels of Evidence Reported from the Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations and a novel framework examining the appropriateness of the supporting evidence.ResultsThirteen clinical guidelines were included in the review. Methodological quality was variable with seven rating as good‐excellent overall. Thirty recommendations regarding the intervention were extracted. Of these, 16 recommendations were classed as a recommendation to use the treatment and all guidelines made this recommendation. Much of the evidence used to scaffold recommendations did not directly support the intervention.ConclusionsDespite the limited evidence base for the thickened liquid intervention, there was consensus among stroke guidelines in recommending it. This is despite limited empirical support. Furthermore, much of the evidence used to support recommendations was not appropriate, suggesting less than satisfactory evidence‐based practices in formulating recommendations. In this case, clinical guidelines may not be reliable decision‐support tools for facilitating clinical decision making.
Physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of bael fruit
Authors: Sonawane Akshay , Pathak Sumit Sudhir , Pradhan Rama Chandra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of bael fruit were discussed in this paper. The properties of bael fruit were studied in term of its dimensional, gravimetric, frictional properties, and color values, whereas thermal properties were evaluated by determining the glass transition temperature of bael fruit pulp powder. The effect of the direction of orientation and temperature treatment on the mechanical properties of bael fruit were studied. The sphericity of bael fruit is considered to be spherical. The average length, width, and thickness of bael fruit were 8.92, 8.22, and 7.95 cm, respectively. The bulk density, true density, and porosity were found to be 0.470, 1.067, and 55.96 g/cm3, respectively. The specific heat of bael fruit pulp was 3.2512 kJ/kg °K. The glass transition temperature of the pulp powder was 277.15 °K, with a specific heat of 0.429 J/g °K. The orientation of bael fruit along the thickness required minimum rupture force than orientation along the length and width. The minimum rupture force required to puncture bael fruit along its thickness was 431.14 KN for freezing treatment. The results obtained from this study would help in manufacturing the handling and processing machineries for the commercial production of bael fruit products.Practical ApplicationsBael is an underprocessed indigenous fruit despite its high nutritional and medicinal properties. Knowledge about the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of bael fruit will encourage researchers to develop and modernize the design of equipment used for sorting, grading, puncturing, pulping, conveying, packaging, transporting, and storing of fruits.
Disability and Recovery After Hospitalization for Medical Illness Among Community‐Living Older Persons: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dharmarajan Kumar , Han Ling , Gahbauer Evelyne A. , Leo‐Summers Linda S. , Gill Thomas M. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo determine for each basic, instrumental, and mobility activity after hospitalization for acute medical illness: (1) disability prevalence immediately before and monthly for 6 months after hospitalization; (2) disability incidence 1 month after hospitalization; and (3) recovery time from incident disability during months 2 to 6 after hospitalization.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingNew Haven, Connecticut.ParticipantsA total of 515 community‐living persons, mean age 82.7 years, hospitalized for acute noncritical medical illness and alive within 1 month of hospital discharge.MeasurementsDisability was defined monthly for each basic (bathing, dressing, walking, transferring), instrumental (shopping, housework, meal preparation, taking medications, managing finances), and mobility activity (walking a quarter mile, climbing flight of stairs, lifting/carrying 10 pounds, driving) if help was needed to perform the activity or if a car was not driven in the prior month.ResultsDisability was common 1 and 6 months after hospitalization for activities frequently involved in leaving the home to access care including walking a quarter mile (prevalence 65% and 53%, respectively) and driving (65% and 61%). Disability was also common for activities involved in self‐managing chronic health conditions including meal preparation (53% and 41%) and taking medications (41% and 31%). New disability was common and often prolonged. For example, 43% had new disability walking a quarter mile, and 30% had new disability taking medications, with mean recovery time of 1.9 months and 1.7 months, respectively. Findings were similar for the subgroup of persons residing at home (ie, not in a nursing home) at the first monthly follow‐up interview after hospitalization.ConclusionDisability in specific functional activities important to leaving home to access care and self‐managing health conditions is common, often new, and present for prolonged time periods after hospitalization for acute medical illness. Post‐discharge care should support patients through extended periods of vulnerability beyond the immediate transitional period. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:486–495, 2020
Early Oligocene fruits and leaves ofBurretiodendron(Malvaceae s.l.) from South China
Authors: Xu Sheng‐Lan , Kodrul Tatiana M. , Wu Yan , Maslova Natalia P. , Jin Jian‐Hua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe genusBurretiodendronRehder is currently endemic to an area near the China–Vietnam border and the limestone mountains of Thailand and Myanmar. The fossil records of this genus were previously found only from the Miocene of Yunnan, Southwest China, and the Oligocene of Guangxi, South China. Here, we describe fossil fruits and associated leaves ofBurretiodendron, which were discovered in the lower Oligocene Shangcun Formation of the Maoming Basin, Guangdong, South China. Morphological comparison with extant and fossilBurretiodendrontaxa indicates that fruit fossils belong to the speciesBurretiodendron parvifructumJ. Lebreton Anberrée & Z. K. Zhou. This is one of the earliest fossil records of the genus, providing additional evidence for the early biogeographic history of this genus and supporting the inference that the genus originated in South China. According to the habitat conditions of modern species, we speculate that there were limestone mountains around the Maoming Basin in the early Oligocene.
Coping with stalking and harassment victimization: Exploring the coping approaches of young male and female adults in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Heng Choon (Oliver) , Sheridan Lorraine 
Published: February 2020

PurposeMost stalking studies have been conducted on Western samples. Little is known about victims of stalking and harassment outside the Western Hemisphere generally, and victim coping approaches have so far gone unexamined within populations of Asian victims.MethodsUsing a sample of 198 self‐reported victims of stalking or harassment drawn from a large sample of university students (N = 2,496) aged between 18 and 40, this study explores the incidence of these phenomena and the gendered distribution of different coping methods (i.e., avoidant, proactive, passive, compliance, and aggressive).ResultsA total of 7.9% of respondents reported experience of stalking or harassment in their lifetime, and the incidence of various stalking behaviours is reported. In general, passive (or moving away) and avoidant (or moving inward) approaches were the most frequently reported victim coping approaches, while compliance (or moving towards or with) was the least employed coping strategy. Males were considerably more likely than females to employ compliance and aggressive coping strategies. Multivariate analyses indicate that females were less likely to adopt a proactive coping approach, while all victims were more likely to employ the aggressive, proactive, and compliance approaches if they had been targeted for more than a month.ConclusionsThese findings show that experiences of stalking or harassment were not uncommon among the sample and that the type of victim coping approach was in part influenced by victim demographics and by stalking dynamics.
“Two sides of the same coin?” Coaching and mentoring and the agentic role of context
Authors: Stokes Paul , Fatien Diochon Pauline , Otter Ken 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOur article
depicts and interrogates the claims for seeing coaching and mentoring as being distinct from each other, and rather suggests that context is agentic in determining which aspects of these two helping orientations are likely to be used by practitioners. To start with, our article traces the development of coaching and mentoring as two separate discourses. Traditionally, coaching has been associated with a shorter term performance focus, with the coach portrayed as a process‐ rather than a content knowledge−based expert. By contrast, mentoring has a longer‐term holistic focus, where the mentor has direct experience and knowledge in the setting that the mentee is operating in. Then, we discuss some limitations of seeking conceptual distinctiveness in purely theoretical terms, including accentuating differences of practices that cannot easily be disentangled from each other in practice. Therefore, on the basis of a case study, where coaching and mentoring behaviors are used by leaders and managers, we argue that context plays an agentic role and influences which of the helping orientations is used by practitioners. We conclude that, context being multifaceted, it leads to a kaleidoscope of coaching/mentoring behaviors, which supports a practice‐based approach to the debate.
Risk for physical dependence in community‐dwelling older adults: The role of fear of falling, falls and fall‐related injuries
Authors: Pereira Catarina , Bravo Jorge , Raimundo Armando , Tomas‐Carus Pablo , Mendes Felismina , Baptista Fátima 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundFalls and fall‐related injuries along with fear of falling (FoF) seem to restrict activities of daily living (ADL), resulting in physical dependence. However, it is still unclear how falls and related injuries or FoF by themselves explain general and specific ADL dependence.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationships between falls and related injuries, FoF and physical dependence on ADL in community‐dwelling older adults, controlling for age, gender, physical activity and physical fitness as confounders.MethodsThis cross‐sectional descriptive study assessed 588 community‐dwelling older adults. Falls and fall‐related injuries, ADL dependence on basic, instrumental and advanced activities, FoF, demographic characteristics and health conditions were assessed through a questionnaire. Physical activity was measured through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Physical fitness was assessed by the Senior Fitness Test and the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale. Body composition was measured through bioimpedance.ResultsSevere injuries occurrence increased the likelihood of moderate and high physical dependence by 3 and 6 times, while FoF increased this likelihood by 3 and 7 times, respectively. Also, the occurrence of previous falls, resulting in severe injuries, increased the likelihood of dependence in two instrumental ADL (3 and 4 times), while FoF increased this likelihood in numerous basic, instrumental and advanced ADL (2–3 times). The FoF was shown to explain overall physical functioning dependence, by itself, representing a constraint on the performance of most basic, instrumental and advanced ADL.ConclusionThe FoF showed to be a greater threat to ADL dependence than falls and related injuries. Assessment guidelines for older adults living in the community should include the FoF in clinical evaluation.Implications for practiceUnderstand the isolated interplay of FoF and previous falls and injuries on ADL dependence among older adults allows healthcare professionals to perform more accurate clinical evaluations and develop more successful interventions to prevent further dependence.
Factors playing a role in the development of emotional labor behavior of clinical nurses
Authors: Baksi Altun , Arda Sürücü Hamdiye 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate spirituality, sociodemographic features, and occupational features as predictors of nurses' emotional labor.Design and MethodsThe study is descriptive cross‐sectional and correlational research.FindingsThe results demonstrated that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between the nurses' spirituality and the subdimension of intimate behavior (r = .545) (P < .05). Regarding the nurses' in‐depth behaviors, the study found that spirituality (β = .550) and the number of patients that the nurses were responsible for (β = −.154) were statistically significant predictors (P < .05). The subdimensions of superficial behavior, spirituality (β = .498), and rechoosing the profession (β = −.142) were statistically significant predictors as well (P < .05).Practice ImplicationsFor the development of emotional labor in clinical nurses, administrators should be sensitive to nurses' spiritual values.
Seeking Domestic Approval: Determinants of Ratification Duration in International Trade
Authors: Wüthrich Simon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPreferential trade agreements (PTAs) have proliferated rapidly since the early 1990s. The ratification of these agreements matters both economically by rendering commitments legally enforceable for outward‐oriented industries and politically by revealing the domestic‐ and international‐level factors which delay or accelerate the entry into force of a PTA. This research note investigates the institutional design and domestic political determinants of the ratification duration for 270 PTAs concluded in the post‐1990 period. The Weibull survival analysis yields two main results: First, neither domestic political constraints measured through veto players nor PTA depth affect ratification spells. Second, ratification processes become more protracted in the presence of stringent formal domestic ratification requirements as well as with a higher number of partner states. These findings suggest that trade negotiators factor in the shadow of ratification in the bargaining phase but still remain subject to formal ratification hurdles and PTA membership dynamics.
The CO2 stimulus duration and steady‐state time point used for data extraction alters the cerebrovascular reactivity outcome measure
Authors: Burley Claire V. , Lucas Rebekah A. I. , Whittaker Anna C. , Mullinger Karen , Lucas Samuel J. E. 
Published: February 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is a common functional test to assess brain health, and impaired CVR has been associated with all‐cause cardiovascular mortality: does the duration of the CO2 stimulus and the time point used for data extraction alter the CVR outcome measure?

What is the main finding and its importance?

This study demonstrated CVR measures calculated from 1 and 2 min CO2 stimulus durations were significantly higher than CVR calculated from a 4 min CO2 stimulus. CVRs calculated from the first 2 min of the CO2 stimulus were significantly higher than CVR values calculated from the final minute if the duration was ≥4 min. This study highlights the need for consistent methodological approaches.

AbstractCerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide (CVR) is a common functional test to assess brain vascular health, though conflicting age and fitness effects have been reported. Studies have used different CO2 stimulus durations to induce CVR and extracted data from different time points for analysis. Therefore, this study examined whether these differences alter CVR and explain conflicting findings. Eighteen healthy volunteers (24 ± 5 years) inhaled CO2 for four stimulus durations (1, 2, 4 and 5 min) of 5% CO2 (in air) via the open‐circuit Douglas bag method, in a randomized order. CVR data were derived from transcranial Doppler (TCD) measures of middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv), with concurrent ventilatory sensitivity to the CO2 stimulus ( ). Repeated measures ANOVAs compared CVR and measures between stimulus durations and steady‐state time points. An effect of stimulus duration was observed (P = 0.002, η² = 0.140), with 1 min (P = 0.010) and 2 min (P < 0.001) differing from 4 min, and 2 min differing from 5 min (P = 0.019) durations. sensitivity increased ∼3‐fold from 1 min to 4 and 5 min durations (P < 0.001, η² = 0.485). CVRs calculated from different steady‐state time points within each stimulus duration were different (P < 0.001, η² = 0.454), specifically for 4 min (P = 0.001) and 5 min (P < 0.001), but not 2 min stimulus durations (P = 0.273). These findings demonstrate that methodological differences alter the CVR measure.
Validation of an Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Risk Stratification Signature for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Use of Multiplex Serology
Authors: Simon Julia , Liu Zhiwei , Brenner Nicole , Yu Kelly J. , Hsu Wan-Lun , Wang Cheng-Ping , Chien Yin-Chu , Coghill Anna E. , Chen Chien-Jen , Butt Julia , Proietti Carla , Doolan Denise L. , Hildesheim Allan , Waterboer Tim 
Published: February 2020

Serological testing for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has recently been reinvigorated by the implementation of novel Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific IgA and IgG antibodies from a proteome array. Although proteome arrays are well suited for comprehensive antigen selection, they are not applicable for large-scale studies. We adapted a 13-marker EBV antigen signature for NPC risk identified by proteome arrays to multiplex serology to establish an assay for large-scale studies. Taiwanese NPC cases (
n
= 175) and matched controls (
n
= 175) were used for assay validation.
Inequalities in cardiovascular risks among Swedish adolescents (ABIS): a prospective cohort study
Authors: Andersson White Pär , Ludvigsson Johnny , Jones Michael P , Faresjo Tomas 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate if socioeconomic status (SES) is predictive of cardiovascular risk factors among Swedish adolescents. Identify the most important SES variable for the development of each cardiovascular risk factor. Investigate at what age SES inequality in overweight and obesity occurs.DesignLongitudinal follow-up of a prospective birth cohort.SettingAll Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) study includes data from children born between October 1997 and October 1999 in five counties of south east Sweden.ParticipantsA regional ABIS-study subsample from three major cities of the region n=298 adolescents aged 16–18 years, and prospective data from the whole ABIS cohort for overweight and obesity status at the ages 2, 5, 8 and 12 years (n=2998–7925).Outcome measuresBlood pressure above the hypertension limit, overweight/obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force definition, low high-density lipoproteins (HDL) or borderline-high low-density lipoproteins according to National Cholesterol Education Program expert panel on cholesterol levels in children.ResultsFor three out of four cardiovascular risk outcomes (elevated blood pressure, low HDL and overweight/obesity), there were increased risk in one or more of the low SES groups (p<0.05). The best predictor was parental occupational class (Swedish socioeconomic classification index) for elevated blood pressure (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.623), maternal educational level for overweight (area under the ROC curve 0.641) and blue-collar city of residence for low HDL (area under the ROC curve 0.641). SES-related differences in overweight/obesity were found at age 2, 5 and 12 and for obesity at age 2, 5, 8 and 12 years (all p<0.05).ConclusionsEven in a welfare state like Sweden, SES inequalities in cardiovascular risks are evident already in childhood and adolescence. Intervention programmes to reduce cardiovascular risk based on social inequality should start early in life.
Psychometric evaluation of the modified Kessler seven-item version (K7) for measuring psychological distress using Rasch analysis: a cross-sectional study in a rural district of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Nazim , Islam Fakir M Amirul 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThis investigation expected to validate the psychometric properties of the modified seven-item Kessler psychological distress scale (K7) for measuring psychological distress in healthy rural population of Bangladesh.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNarail district, Bangladesh.ParticipantsA random sample of 300 adults of age 18–90 years were recruited. Face-to-face interviews were conducted between July and August 2018 using an Android phone installed with a mobile data collection application known as CommCare.Outcome measureValidation of the K7 was the major outcome. Sociodemographic factors were measured to assess for Differential Item Functioning to check if the tool functions equally in different factors. Rasch analysis was carried out for the validation of the K7 scale in the healthy rural population of Bangladesh. RUMM2030 was used for the analyses.ResultsResults showed good overall fit, as indicated by a non-significant item-trait interaction (χ2=44.54, df=28, p=0.0245) compared with a Bonferroni adjusted p value of 0.007. Both item fit (mean=0.30, SD 1.22) and person fit residuals (mean=–0.18, SD 0.85) showed perfect fit. Reliability was very good as indicated by a Person Separation Index=0.85 and Cronbach’s alpha=0.89. All individual items were ordered thresholds. The K7 scale showed adequate reliability, unidimensionality and was free from local dependency. The K7 scale also showed similar functioning for adults and older adults, males and females, no education and any level of education, and at least some financial instability versus no financial instability.ConclusionsValidation of K7 scale confirmed that the tool is suitable for measuring psychological distress among the rural Bangladeshi population. Further research should validate the K7 scale in different rural settings in Bangladesh to determine a valid cut-off score for assessment of severity levels of psychological distress. The K7 scale should also be tested in other developing countries where sociodemographic characteristics are similar to those of Bangladesh.