bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mexico and China—Sustainable, Low-Carbon Transformation Processes in Democratic and Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Hernandez Ariel Macaspac 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMexico and China are two dynamic countries that can ‘challenge’ existing normative views on regimes, governance, and institutions. On the one hand, Mexico is a vibrant democratic country that has managed to become a member of the OECD and its economy has benefitted from open borders, direct foreign investment inflows and integration into global value chains (OECD 2017b), but yet it still reflects governance deficiencies, particularly in the formal and material representation of relevant stakeholders, and especially in marginalized communities. On the other hand, although China is governed by an authoritarian regime, particularly when environmental issues are involved, societal groups’ interests seem to find effective ways to influence policy-making.
Nationale Verpflichtungen auf Grundlage des Pariser Klimaabkommens
Authors: Prettenthaler Franz , Damm Andrea , Gössling Stefan , Neger Christoph , Schwarzinger Stephan , Haas Willi 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungKap. 11 hat gezeigt, dass es derzeit noch große Unsicherheiten darüber gibt, wie hoch tatsächlich der Beitrag des Tourismus zu den nationalen und internationalen Treibhausgasemissionen ist. Es ist jedoch gewiss, dass der Anteil bedeutend ist und, in Zusammenhang mit dem prognostizierten Wachstum des weltweiten Tourismus, wahrscheinlich weiter steigen wird. Daher stellt sich die Frage, wie die Emissionen der touristischen Aktivitäten gesenkt werden könnten. Im vorliegenden Kapitel wird berichtet, welche Verpflichtungen und Strategien es dazu aktuell auf politischer Ebene gibt, beginnend mit internationalen Verträgen, insbesondere dem Pariser Klimaschutzabkommen, und Vorgaben der Europäischen Union, bei denen Österreich sich verpflichtet hat, teilzunehmen. In weiterer Folge richtet sich das Augenmerk auf eine detaillierte Betrachtung und Bewertung der Klimaschutz‑, Klimawandelanpassungs- und Tourismusstrategien auf Bundesebene und in den einzelnen Bundesländern. Im Anschluss daran werden allgemein mögliche Maßnahmen und Potenziale besprochen. Schließlich wird unter dem Schlagwort „Paris Lifestyle“ diskutiert, welche Maßnahmen notwendig sind, um auf individueller Ebene zum Ziel eines CO2-armen bzw. -neutralen Tourismus beitragen zu können. Dazu werden auch Beispiele innovativer, emissionsarmer Angebote von Tourismusbetrieben und Destinationen vorgestellt.
Outdooraktivitäten und damit zusammenhängende Einrichtungen im Sommer und in den Übergangszeiten
Authors: Pröbstl-Haider Ulrike , Hödl Claudia , Ginner Kathrin , Falk Martin , Borgwardt Florian , Formayer Herbert , Olefs Marc , Illing Kai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDer Sommertourismus in Österreich trägt wesentlich zu der großen Bedeutung des Tourismus insgesamt bei. So hat die Zahl der Nächtigungen in den Sommermonaten in Österreich 2018 erneut einen Höchstwert erreicht. Mit bisher 68,67 Mio. Nächtigungen liegt die Sommersaison 2018 (Mai bis September) um 2,2 % über dem Vorjahresniveau. Auch die Zahl der Ankünfte stieg in der vergangenen Sommersaison um 2,9 % auf 21,70 Mio. (Statistik Austria 2018). Mehr Nächtigungen wurden auch im September 2018, also außerhalb der eigentlichen Sommersaison festgestellt. Im September 2018 nahm die Zahl der Gäste um 2,0 % auf 3,86 Mio. zu, Gästenächtigungen stiegen um 1,4 % auf 11,24 Mio. Zu diesem Ergebnis trugen die ausländischen Herkunftsmärkte mit einem Plus von 1,6 % auf 7,86 Mio. bei. Die Nächtigungszahlen wichtiger Herkunftsländer, wie Deutschland (+1,2 %), Schweiz und Liechtenstein (+3,5 %) sowie der Niederlande (+2,1 %), erhöhten sich weiter. Die Zahl der inländischen Gästenächtigungen stieg ebenfalls um 0,9 % auf 3,38 Mio. (Statistik Austria 2018).
Vom Klimagas zum Wertstoff: CO2
Authors: Neumann Kirsten , Richter Doreen , Rohleder Lukas 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungEs befindet sich zu viel Kohlendioxid, CO2, in der Atmosphäre. So ist die CO2- Konzentration seit Beginn der Industrialisierung von einem über Jahrtausende hinweg gleichbleibenden Wert von 280 ppm (parts per million, gemessen an Eisbohrkernen) auf fast 408 ppm (gemessen in der Atmosphäre an verschiedenen Messstationen) gestiegen. Derzeit werden verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Rückführung von CO2 aus der Atmosphäre diskutiert. Dazu zahlen zum Beispiel Aufforstung, Wiedervernässung von Mooren, CO2-Abscheidung, Ozeandüngung, Biokohle, oder Filter, mit denen CO2 der Umgebungsluft in chemischen Prozessen entzogen wird.
Auf dem Weg zu einer nachhaltigen Mobilität
Authors: Zachäus Carolin , Wilsch Benjamin , Bösche Eyk , Martens Martin , Randhahn Annette 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungMit der Entwicklung emissionsarmer alternativer Antriebstechnologien sowie einer zunehmenden Automatisierung und Digitalisierung der Fahrzeuge und Verkehrssysteme bestehen die technischen Möglichkeiten, eine nahtlose, nachhaltige Mobilität gleichzeitig sozial, ökologisch und ökonomisch gerecht umzusetzen. Jetzt gilt es, einzelne Mobilitätsangebote in einem effizienten Mobilitätssystem zusammenzufuhren, das nicht nur die vielfaltigen Anforderungen der Nutzer:innen möglichst gut bedienen kann, sondern vor allem ein Erreichen der Nachhaltigkeitsziele ermöglicht und vorantreibt.
The Spirit of ‘WE’ in the Learning Environment: ‘WE LEaRN’—A Space for Students and Teachers to Become
Authors: Mor-Avi Anat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter advances the idea that in order to improve twenty-first-century learning environments for students and particularly for teachers, it is necessary to enhance the spirit of collective culture, called ‘WE’, versus the spirit of individualism, called ‘I’, and provides an example of how this is reflected in the design of learning spaces. Both of these cohorts use learning, working and doing processes, and face major changes from educational mandates. A ‘WE’ cultural environment will be discussed in order to support multiple aspects of collaboration and creativity, where hub-specific solutions empower the two groups as collectives, supporting a ‘WE LEaRN HUB’ setting. Connecting practice to research, a process of change in school design related to the ‘WE’ culture is presented through an academic park built in Israel. This academic park uses an introductory design of the hub’s setting approach, supporting the ‘WE’ of both communities and reflecting new approaches in learning processes.
Addressing the Socio-Spatial Challenges of Innovative Learning Environments for Practicum: Harmonics for Transitional Times
Authors: Nelson Emily , Johnson Leigh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA shift to Innovative Learning Environments (ILEs) in New Zealand schools is a current Ministry of Education strategic direction challenging how we as teacher educators prepare candidate teachers (student teachers or trainee teachers) to teach in these emerging environments. Candidate teachers in our primary teaching degree increasingly are placed in ILEs on practicum as these develop in schools in our geographic area. Our students report anecdotally that teaching in ILEs poses them steep and novel challenges around how they plan, teach, assess, manage students and learning, as well as work collaboratively with associate teachers and, increasingly, other colleagues. With our current programme underpinned by a more conventional image of teaching and learning, and schools transitioning between conventional and arguably more innovative, bespoke environments, we wondered how our students navigated the novel pedagogical and physical configurations they encountered in ILEs on practicum. We conducted focus group interviews with our candidate teachers and recent graduates who had completed one or more practicum in an innovative learning environment (as defined by the practicum school). We explored participants’ perceptions of the particular demands ILEs created for them. Utilising Lefebvre’s (The production of space. Trans. Blackwell, Cambridge, MA, 1991) socio-spatial trialectic and Monahan’s (Built pedagogies & technology practices: designing for participatory learning. Palo Alto, CA, 2000) notion of “built pedagogy” in this chapter we identify key socio-spatial entanglements, or harmonics, that emerge from our analysis and explore how these inform how we might better prepare our candidate teachers in these transitional times.
The Enactment of Teacher Collaboration in Innovative Learning Environments: A Case Study of Spatial and Pedagogical Structuration
Authors: Bradbeer Chris 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImplicit within the design of many Innovative Learning Environments (ILEs) in New Zealand primary schools is the intention of a group of co-located teachers working together with an ‘up-scaled’ community of students. To some these socio-spatial settings are suggestive of pedagogical and spatial freedom, of high levels of professional and student agency, and a transformation away from routines established in previous traditional classroom environments. The shift into ILEs may therefore encourage possibilities for novel approaches, the utilisation of individual strengths and opportunities for teachers to determine together how facets of learning, time and space are organised. However, the level of structure required by teams to successfully and collaboratively achieve this presents as a complex, and time-consuming task, with teachers often finding themselves in a space between practicality and potential. This paper draws on observational and interview data from one primary school ILE—part of a wider case study of teacher collaboration in six New Zealand schools. It considers the role of pedagogical and organisational structures alongside levels of autonomy experienced by teachers on adapting to new spaces. The findings indicate that while the occupation and ongoing inhabitation of Innovative Learning Environments may well present opportunities for teachers, tensions may be felt between predominating or created structures, and aspired or idealised practice.
Analysis of news sentiments using natural language processing and deep learning
Authors: Vicari Mattia , Gaspari Mauro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates if and to what point it is possible to trade on news sentiment and if deep learning (DL), given the current hype on the topic, would be a good tool to do so. DL is built explicitly for dealing with significant amounts of data and performing complex tasks where automatic learning is a necessity. Thanks to its promise to detect complex patterns in a dataset, it may be appealing to those investors that are looking to improve their trading process. Moreover, DL and specifically LSTM seem a good pick from a linguistic perspective too, given its ability to “remember” previous words in a sentence. After having explained how DL models are built, we will use this tool for forecasting the market sentiment using news headlines. The prediction is based on the Dow Jones industrial average by analyzing 25 daily news headlines available between 2008 and 2016, which will then be extended up to 2020. The result will be the indicator used for developing an algorithmic trading strategy. The analysis will be performed on two specific cases that will be pursued over five time-steps and the testing will be developed in real-world scenarios.
Different types of physical activity are positively associated with indicators of mental health and psychological wellbeing in rheumatoid arthritis during COVID-19
Authors: Brady Sophia M. , Fenton Sally A. M. , Metsios George S. , Bosworth Ailsa , Duda Joan L. , Kitas George D. , Veldhuijzen van Zanten Jet J. C. S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNationwide lockdowns during SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) can compromise mental health and psychological wellbeing and limit opportunities for physical activity (PA), particularly in clinical populations, such as people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who are considered at risk for COVID-19 complications. This study aimed to investigate associations between PA and sedentary time (ST) with indicators of mental health and wellbeing in RA during COVID-19 lockdown, and examine the moderation effects of self-isolating. 345 RA patients completed an online questionnaire measuring PA (NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study Questionnaire), ST (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form), pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale), fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory), depressive and anxious symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and vitality (Subjective Vitality Scale) during the United Kingdom COVID-19 lockdown. Associations between PA and ST with mental health and wellbeing were examined using hierarchical multiple linear regressions. Light PA (LPA) was significantly negatively associated with mental fatigue (β = − .11), depressive symptoms (β = − .14), and positively with vitality (β = .13). Walking was negatively related to physical fatigue (β = − .11) and depressive symptoms (β = − .12) and positively with vitality (β = .15). Exercise was negatively associated with physical (β = − .19) and general (β = − .12) fatigue and depressive symptoms (β = − .09). ST was positively associated with physical fatigue (β = .19). Moderation analyses showed that LPA was related to lower mental fatigue and better vitality in people not self-isolating, and walking with lower physical fatigue in people self-isolating. These findings show the importance of encouraging PA for people with RA during a lockdown period for mental health and wellbeing.
Improving accessibility of CMS-based websites using automated methods
Authors: Csontos Balázs , Heckl István 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNew methods of identifying and fixing accessibility issues on websites are presented in this article. The websites taken into consideration by the research are created with content management systems (like WordPress or Joomla!). Our main goal was to develop different methods to improve accessibility that may be used by various user groups (website creators, operators, content editors). Some of our methods are easy to use, some need more proficiency. The three methods we have developed (CSS/SCSS class override, MVC-based extension override, HTML output override) are described in detail. The use of an already existing method (Data entry checking) is also introduced, as well as some development options of this method. Each method is introduced in general, furthermore an example of their usage is also presented. Using the proposed methods, websites can fulfil the recommendations of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) in order to make the content of the websites more accessible.
In Silico Ventilation Within the Dose-Volume is Predictive of Lung Function Post-radiation Therapy in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Dong Yu , Kumar H. , Tawhai M. , Veiga C. , Szmul A. , Landau D. , McClelland J. , Lao L. , Burrowes K. S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLung cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Radiation therapy (RT) is one method to treat this disease. A common side effect of RT for lung cancer is radiation-induced lung damage (RILD) which leads to loss of lung function. RILD often compounds pre-existing smoking-related regional lung function impairment. It is difficult to predict patient outcomes due to large variability in individual response to RT. In this study, the capability of image-based modelling of regional ventilation in lung cancer patients to predict lung function post-RT was investigated. Twenty-five patient-based models were created using CT images to define the airway geometry, size and location of tumour, and distribution of emphysema. Simulated ventilation within the 20 Gy isodose volume showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s 12-months post-RT (p = 0.001, R = − 0.61). Patients with higher simulated ventilation within the 20 Gy isodose volume had a greater loss in lung function post-RT and vice versa. This relationship was only evident with the combined impact of tumour and emphysema, with the location of the emphysema relative to the dose-volume being important. Our results suggest that model-based ventilation measures can be used in the prediction of patient lung function post-RT.
Community Knowledge About the Use, Reuse, Disinfection and Disposal of Masks and Filtering Facepiece Respirators: Results of a Study Conducted in a Dermatology Clinic at the University of Naples in Italy
Authors: Scalvenzi Massimiliano , Villani Alessia , Ruggiero Angelo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn Italy, as well as in almost all countries, the use of masks in public with several other measures has been an important health measure during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The correct use of masks is essential, as a wrong use and disposal may increase the rate of contagious. Herein, we report a descriptive study evaluating the knowledge and use, reuse and disposal of masks in community settings. An anonymous questionnaire called MaSK (Mask uSe and Knowledge) questionnaire was developed and offered to patients referring at our dermatologic outpatient clinic. A total of 2562 full complete patients’ questionnaires were considered for the study. Our results showed that awareness and information campaigns aimed at the general population are urgently needed in order to implement a correct use of masks and limit as much as possible the infection rate.
Age Differences in Material Deprivation in Finland: How do Consensus and Prevalence-Based Weighting Approaches Change the Picture?
Authors: Ilmakunnas Ilari , Mäkinen Lauri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile material deprivation is often used to measure poverty, analyses focusing on the measurement of material deprivation are scarce. This study provides new information on material deprivation by analyzing how differences in the considerations of necessities and possession of deprivation items among all respondents and within population subgroups affect group-level differences in material deprivation in Finland. In line with many previous studies on material deprivation, this study focused on age groups. There is a significant age gradient regarding considerations of necessities, possession, and deprivation of many deprivation items. On average, younger adults experience material deprivation more often than older adults do. This study considers the differences in the considerations of necessities and possession of deprivation items using different weighting approaches. The study found that these differences are not largely transmitted to deprivation indices. Two causes of this finding were found: (1) individuals, on average, are not deprived of items in which there are differences between age groups regarding consensus and prevalence and (2) in those items in which deprivation is high, the consensus and the prevalence rates are often lower compared to other items. The results provide new information on which factors are important when using weighting approaches to measure material deprivation.
Laterale Epikondylopathie
Authors: Ott Nadine , Hackl Michael , Wegmann Kilian , Müller Lars Peter , Leschinger Tim 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie laterale Epikondylopathie, auch Tennisellenbogen genannt, ist ein häufiges Krankheitsbild im klinischen Alltag. Neben den degenerativen Veränderungen im Bereich des Extensorenursprungs, meist basierend auf Überbelastung oder Mikrotraumata, können noch weitere Veränderungen ursächlich für den lateralen Ellenbogenschmerz sein. Hierzu gehören radiohumerale Knorpelschäden, Pathologien der Plica dorsoradialis oder auch eine posterolaterale Rotationsinstabilität.DiagnostikIm Vordergrund steht meist eine Schmerzsymptomatik. Die Diagnose ist primär klinisch zu stellen, bei chronischen Verläufen (>6 Monaten) sollte eine MRT-Diagnostik angestrebt werden. Nicht selten liegt eine sekundäre Instabilität vor die es als Differentialdiagnose oder auch Begleitpathologie zu beachten gilt.TherapieAufgrund der hohen Rate an spontane Remissionen innerhalb der ersten 12 Monate ist die primäre konservative Therapie der Goldstandard. Die konservative Therapie ist als ein multimodales Therapiekonzept zu betrachten. Die operative Therapie ist meist Begleitpathologien oder chronischen Verläufen mit Beschwerdepersistenz nach Ausschöpfung aller konservativen Maßnahmen vorbehalten. Die Arthroskopie ist besonders hilfreich, um intraartikuläre Begleitpathologie oder eine sekundäre Instabilität zu erfassen.
Numerical Evaluation of Advanced Laser Control Strategies Influence on Residual Stresses for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Systems
Authors: Carraturo Massimo , Lane Brandon , Yeung Ho , Kollmannsberger Stefan , Reali Alessandro , Auricchio Ferdinando 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProcess-dependent residual stresses are one of the main burdens to a widespread adoption of laser powder bed fusion technology in industry. Residual stresses are directly influenced by process parameters, such as laser path, laser power, and speed. In this work, the influence of various scan speed and laser power control strategies on residual stresses is investigated. A set of nine different laser scan patterns is printed by means of a selective laser melting process on a bare plate of nickel superalloy 625 (IN625). A finite element model is experimentally validated comparing the simulated melt pool areas with high-speed thermal camera in situ measurements. Finite element analysis is then used to evaluate residual stresses for the nine different laser scan control strategies, in order to identify the strategy which minimizes the residual stress magnitude. Numerical results show that a constant power density scan strategy appears the most effective to reduce residual stresses in the considered domain.
Coupled Evolution of Plate Tectonics and Basal Mantle Structure
Authors: Cao Xianzhi , Flament Nicolas , Müller R. Dietmar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe relationships between plate motions and basal mantle structure remain poorly understood, with some models implying that the basal mantle structure has remained stable over time, while others suggest that it could be shaped by the aggregation and dispersal of supercontinents. Here we investigate the evolution of mantle flow driven by end‐member plate tectonic models over 1 Gyr. We implement a tectonic scenario in which supercontinent reassembly occurs by introversion, and consider three distinct references frames that result in different net lithospheric rotation. Our flow models predict a dominant degree‐2 mantle structure most of the time. We analyze the relationship between imposed tectonic velocities and deep mantle flow, and find that at spherical harmonic degree 2, the maxima of lower mantle radial flow and temperature follow the motion path of the maxima of surface divergence. It may take ∼160–240 Myr for lower mantle structure to reflect plate motion changes when the lower mantle is reorganized by slabs sinking onto basal thermochemical structures, and/or when slabs stagnate in the transition zone before sinking to the lower mantle. Basal thermochemical structures move at less than 0.6°/Myr in our models, with a temporal average of 0.16°/Myr when there is no net lithospheric rotation, and between 0.20 and 0.23°/Myr when net lithospheric rotation exists and is induced in the lower mantle. Our results suggest that basal thermochemical structures are not stationary, but rather linked to global plate motions and plate boundary reconfigurations, reflecting the dynamic nature of the coevolving plate‐mantle system.