bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of scour around a circular pier and its modelling using genetic algorithm
Authors: Pandey Manish , Zakwan Mohammad , Khan Mohammad Amir , Bhave Swati 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with generalized scour estimation to investigate maximum scour depth at equilibrium scour condition using experimental data obtained from experiments conducted by the authors along with data of previous researchers. Three hundred experimental data were used to derive the generalized clear water scour relationship around circular a bridge pier by using genetic algorithm (GA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques. The GA-based maximum scour depth relationship showed more precise results than MLR. In addition, the present GA and MLR relationships were compared with some equations developed by earlier researchers. Graphically and statistically, it was observed that the GA and MLR relationships provide better agreement with experimental data as compared to earlier relationships. The present study highlights that the GA approach could be effectively used for estimation of maximum scour depth prediction around the bridge pier.
Recent Progress in Saikosaponin Biosynthesis in Bupleurum
Authors: Sui Chun , Han Wen-Jing , Zhu Chu-Ran , Wei Jian-He 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Chaihu is a popular traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for centuries.
It is traditionally used to treat cold fever and liver-related diseases. Saikosaponins (SSs) are one of
the main active components of chaihu, in addition to essential oils, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Considerable
effort is needed to reveal the biosynthesis and regulation of SSs on the basis of current progress.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to provide a reference for further studies and arouse attention by
summarizing the recent achievements of SS biosynthesis.

Methods:
All the data compiled and presented here were obtained from various online resources, such
as PubMed Scopus and Baidu Scholar in Chinese, up to October 2019.

Results:
A few genes of the enzymes of SSs participating in the biosynthesis of SSs were isolated.
Among these genes, only the P450 gene was verified to catalyze the SS skeleton β-amyrin synthase.
Several UDP-glycosyltransferase genes were predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of SSs. SSs
could be largely biosynthesized in the phloem and then transported from the protoplasm, which is the
biosynthetic site, to the vacuoles to avoid self-poisoning. As for the other secondary metabolites, the
biosynthesis of SSs was strongly affected by environmental factors and the different species belonging
to the genus of Bupleurum. Transcriptional regulation was studied at the molecular level.

Conclusion:
Profound discoveries in SSs may elucidate the mechanism of diverse the monomer formation
of SSs and provide a reference for maintaining the stability of SS content in Radix Bupleuri.
New Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis, Antioxidant Activity and Computational Insights of Nano-Antioxidant as Ascorbate Peroxidase Inhibitor by Various Cyclodextrins as Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Kaddouri Yassine , Abrigach Farid , Yousfi El Bekaye , Hammouti Belkheir , El Kodadi Mohamed , Alsalme Ali , Al-Zaqri Nabil , Warad Ismail , Touzani Rachid 
Published: October 2020

Aim:
The synthesis of seven new antioxidant agents based on the combination of thiazole,
pyridine, triazole and pyrazole moieties. The studies of their antioxidant activity using DPPH
reduction method. The DFT analysis of the 7 ligands. The docking study was also investigated.
The better binding affinity with α-cyclodextrin as best drug delivery system.

Background:
The screening of new antioxidant compounds and find the good mechanism for binding
sites, with correlating between experience and computer theory.

Objectives:
The DFT analysis of the 7 synthesized ligands.The docking study was also investigated
by using the amino acids Ala167 and Arg172. The better binding affinity with α-cyclodextrin as
best drug delivery system.

Methods:
The studies of their antioxidant activity using DPPH reduction method.

Result:
Chemistry: synthesis of 7 ligands by condensation reaction with 89% yield. Antioxidant
activities using DPPH reduction with a good value IC50=13.05 ± 3.73 μg/ml. Using DFT (EHOMO
and ELUMO) and Docking APX with the amino acids Ala167 and Arg172 compared to the
ascorbic acid. Correlation between all these properties. α-cyclodextrin as best drug delivery system
(better binding affinity than caffeic acid).

Conclusion:
For the drug delivery study, The ACD is best system for all the compounds due to the
smallest cavity size which makes the binding affinities favorable and possible to prepare prospective
nano-antioxidants.
The Effect of Dual-Task Testing on Balance and Gait Performance in Adults with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Omana Humberto , Madou Edward , Montero-Odasso Manuel , Payne Michael , Viana Ricardo , Hunter Susan 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) are susceptible to balance, gait and cognitive impairments. Importantly, diabetes affects executive function, a set of cognitive processes critical to everyday cortical function and mobility. Reduced executive function is a risk factor for falls in people with DM. Dual-task testing, the completion of two tasks at once, enables the examination of the cognitive-mobility relationship. A synthesis of the literature on the effects of dual-task testing on the balance and gait of individuals with DM has not been performed.

Objective:
To systematically review the literature on the effect of dual-task testing on balance and gait in people with DM.

Methods:
Databases EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science were searched (inception-April 2020). Inclusion criteria: participants were adults with a diagnosis of DM, instrumented dual-task balance and/or gait was assessed, and articles were published in English.

Results:
Ten articles met inclusion criteria- three examined dual-task balance and seven dual-task gait. In people with DM with or without peripheral neuropathy, dual-task resulted in larger sway velocities during standing tests. Individuals with DM and peripheral neuropathy had impaired dual-task gait; specifically, and more consistently, reduced pace and rhythm compared to controls or people with DM without peripheral neuropathy.

Conclusion:
The findings support a compromise in the cognitive-mobility relationship of people with DM, and especially in those with peripheral neuropathy. Future research should continue to examine the cognitive-mobility relationship in order to understand the increased prevalence of falls in this population.
Cardiovascular Risk Calculators and their Applicability to South Asians
Authors: Bansal Manish , Ranjan Shraddha , Kasliwal Ravi R. 
Published: October 2020

Background:Estimation of absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and tailoring therapies according to the estimated risk is a fundamental concept in the primary prevention of CVD is assessed in this study. Numerous CVD risk scores are currently available for use in various populations but unfortunately, none exist for South Asians who have much higher CVD risk as compared to their western counterparts.Methods:A literature search was done using PubMed and Google search engines to prepare a narrative review on this topic.Results:Various currently available CVD risk scores and their pros and cons are summarized. The studies performed in native as well as migrant South Asians evaluating the accuracy of these risk scores for estimation of CVD risk are also summarized. The findings of these studies have generally been inconsistent, but it appears that the British risk scores (e.g. QRISK versions) may be more accurate because of inclusion of migrant South Asians in the derivation of these risk scores. However, the lack of any prospective study precludes our ability to draw any firm conclusions. Finally, the potential solution to these challenges, including the role of recalibration and subclinical atherosclerosis imaging, is also discussed.Conclusions:This review highlights the need to develop large, representative, prospectively followed databases of South Asians providing information on various CVD risk factors and their contribution to incident CVD. Such databases will not only allow the development of validated CVD risk scores for South Asians but will also enable application of machine-learning approaches to provide personalized solutions to CVD risk assessment and management in these populations.
Identification of HDACs Inhibitor E14 Metabolites Appeared in Rat Plasma, Feces and Urine by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS
Authors: Yang Juqin , Yang Zhuang , Tang Minghai , Ye Haoyu , Wan Li 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The activation or overexpression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are associated
with the development of numerous cancers. The importance of HDACs in new anticancer
therapeutic strategies has led researchers to develop promising anticancer drugs, design, and synthesis
of novel HDACs inhibitors are also in progress. E14 was synthesized and acted as a selective inhibitor
of HDACs I.

Methods:
We develop a sensitive UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method to discover the new phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ metabolites of E14 from complex biological matrices in plasma, feces and urine of rats. Then a strategy comparing samples after administration with blank samples was applied to distinguish metabolites. The accurate measurements of the product ions obtained by high-resolution mass spectrometry, the structure of the parent drug and its detected metabolites are used to verify its fragmentation pathway and to obtain the proposed structure of the metabolites.

Results:
Fourteen metabolites were tentatively identified, including twelve metabolites in urine, five in plasma and one metabolite in feces. Hydroxylation, oxidation, methylation, N-demethylation, dehydration, glucuronidation, dehydroxylation and hydrolysis were the main metabolic pathways of E14.

Conclusion:
E14 is a drug with a variety of metabolites and metabolic pathways. E14 metabolites was excreted most in urine, indicating the main metabolic organ was kidney.
Role and Services of a Pharmacist in the Prevention of Medication Errors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gillani Syed Wasif , Gulam Shabaz Mohiuddin , Thomas Dixon , Gebreighziabher Fithawit Bahran , Al-Salloum Jumana , Assadi Rizah Anwar , Sam Kishore Gnana 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
This systematic review aims to investigate the role and responsibilities of
pharmacists in the prevention of medication errors. The study also aims to evaluate pharmacist-centered
strategies that have an impact on medication error reduction and prevention.

Methods:
A search was conducted through the following databases PubMed Central, Scopus, Trip,
Prospero, Medline and Google Scholar using terms related to “medication errors prevention” or
“pharmacist-related errors”. Other search terms included “pharmacist(s)”, “prevention”, “medication
error(s)”, “dispensing error(s)”, “drug incidence(s)”, “medication malpractice(s)”. Included
studies were prospective and retrospective cohort, case-control and cross-sectional full-text studies
published in the last 10 years (2010-2020). The review team screened the articles for inclusion criteria
and evaluated the quality of the articles. The PRISMA guidelines were used to report the selected
articles and screening process. Then, the articles were sent to a third independent reviewer for
the quality assessment using the STROBE Checklist.

Results:
A clinical pharmacist’s duties are to supervise the medication treatment of admitted patients
and to notify the healthcare team when a discrepancy is found. A total of seven reviewed
studies highlighted the importance and positive impact of increasing the number of clinical pharmacist’s
interventions. Literature showed that an average of 64.9% of medication discrepancies happen
during patient discharge, highlighting the necessity of a clinical pharmacist intervention at that
stage. The systematic review focused on the significant impact of clinical pharmacists’ role in preventing
errors (studies reported=5); encouraging pharmacist-led education to increase medication
error awareness (studies reported =5), incorporating better and innovative pharmacy-related work
approaches (studies reported =4); and implementing appropriate and secured policies for medication
error reporting (studies reported =1). The screened literature highlighted the significant reduction
in the number of medication errors and an increase in medication error identification and
awareness. These findings suggest the crucial role of a pharmacist in healthcare policies for the prevention
of medication errors and patient safety.

Conclusion:
This systematic review suggests multiple pharmacist-centered strategies that have
been implemented in several studies showing the positive impact on the reduction and prevention
of medication errors commenced by not only the pharmacist but the rest of the healthcare team.
Viburnum nervosum Leaf Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: A Viable Approach to Increase the Efficacy of an Anticancer Drug
Authors: Zahoor Irfana , Jan Farhat , Sharma Ujjawal , Sahu Kiran , Sharma Amita , Pareek Shalini , Shrivastava Divya , Bisen Prakash S. 
Published: October 2020

Background::
There is an urgent need to devise improved alternatives for the efficient delivery of drugs to develop improved therapeutic interventions against cancers. Nanotechnology based drug delivery vehicles are in-use with obvious issues of toxicity and bio-distribution. Therefore, green synthetic routes are being deployed to replace the conventional nanoparticle formulations for effective drug delivery aiming at developing interventional strategies against cancer.

Objective::
A simple, viable and fast approach was used for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf-extract of Viburnum nervosum (VN) and to explore the anti-cancer potential of the crude extract of VN.

Methods::
Silver NPs were synthesized by reacting silver nitrate (AgNO3) with leaf extract of VN. Various analytical
techniques were used to characterize the AgNPs. Finally, the anti-cancer potential of VN was observed
when delivered through AgNPs.

Results::
The surface plasmon spectra for AgNPs exhibited absorbance peak at 445 nm, and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy investigation revealed presence of biomolecules acting as an effective reducing and capping agent for converting silver nitrate to AgNPs. Further, our results suggest the spherical size of synthesized AgNPs ranging from 12-17 nm. Moreover, in vitro studies conducted for VN extract with breast (MCF-7) and epidermal carcinoma (A431) cells showed biocompatibility.

Conclusion::
Doxorubicin loaded AgNPs documented an increased bioavailability of drug compared to the free drug, suggesting the use of AgNPs as “novel drug delivery vectors”.
Amine Structure-Foam Behavior Relationship and Its Predictive Foam Model Used for Amine Selection for Design of Amine-based Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture Process
Authors: Muchan Pailin , Narku-Tetteh Jessica , Supap Teeradet , Idem Raphael 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The use of an amine solution to capture CO2 from flue gases is one of the
methods applied commercially to clean up the exhaust gas stream of a power plant. One of the
issues in this process is foaming which should be known in order to select a suitable amine for
design.

Objectives:
In this work, all possible types of amines used for CO2 capture, namely, alkanolamines,
sterically hindered alkanolamines, multi-alkylamines and cyclic amines, were investigated to elucidate
their chemical structure–foaming relationships.

Methods:
Foam volume produced by each type of 2M amine solution with its equilibrium CO2
loading was measured at 40°C using 94 mL/min of N2 flow.

Results:
Amines with a higher number or a longer chain of the alkyl group exhibited higher foam
volume because of alkyl group’s ability to decrease the surface tension while increasing the viscosity
of the solution. An increase in the number of hydroxyl or amino groups in the amine led to the
reduction of foam formation due to the increase in surface tension and a decrease in viscosity of the
solution. The predictive foam models for non-cyclic and cyclic-amines developed based on the
structural variations, surface tension and viscosity of 29 amines predicted the foam volume very
well with average absolute deviations (AAD) of 12.7 and 0.001%, respectively. The model accurately
predicted the foam volume of BDEA, which was not used in model development with 13.3
%AD.

Conclusion:
This foam model is, therefore, indispensable in selecting a suitable amine for an
amine-based CO2 capture plant design and operation.
The Impact of Material Positioning Towards the Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Aluminium Alloy Joints
Authors: Msomi Velaphi , Mabuwa Sipokazi 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Friction stir welding is an advanced process that could be used to join dissimilar
materials and alloys. However, there are some areas that require some further analysis. This involves
the impact of the material positioning on various dissimilar joints.

Objective:
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of material positioning on the microstructure
and the mechanical properties of AA8011/AA6082 and AA6082/AA8011 dissimilar
joints.

Methods:
The materials used in this study were the 6mm thick AA8011 and AA6082-T6 plates. The
welding conditions include a tool rotational speed of 1100 rpm, and a traverse speed of 60 mm/min.
Microstructural analysis, Vickers hardness and tensile tests were conducted in order to be able to draw
a comparison between the respective joints.

Results:
The joints (AA8011/AA6082 and AA6082/AA8011) both experienced dynamic recrystallization.
The positioning of the stronger strength alloy on the advancing side resulted in finer microstructural
grains compared to when the lower strength alloy was positioned on the advancing side. The
maximum stir zone hardness of 75 HV was obtained on the AA8011/AA6082 dissimilar joint, while
the AA6082/AA8011 had a minimum hardness of 68 HV. Both hardness values were lower than the
AA6082 hardness but greater than that of the AA8011. The positioning of AA6082 on the advancing side
resulted in higher ultimate tensile strength than when AA8011 was on the advancing side. The
AA6082/AA8011 joint was found to be more ductile in comparison to the AA8011/AA6082 joint. The
fracture surface morphology of the post tensile specimens also revealed a ductile failure morphology.

Conclusion:
Placing the stronger strength alloy on the advancing side resulted in sound overall results of the tests
conducted.
Assembly Sequence Planning: A Review
Authors: Zhang Han-Ye 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Assembly Sequence Planning (ASP) is an important stage in the process of
product design and manufacturing. A reasonable assembly sequence can reduce the complexity of
assembly operations, reduce the number of tools and fixtures, improve assembly efficiency, reduce
assembly time, and reduce assembly costs.

Methods:
The purpose of this paper is to review the objective function, constraint conditions, and the
solving methods of the ASP.

Conclusion:
The research methods can be roughly divided into three categories: graph-based method,
knowledge-based method, and artificial intelligence algorithm. The advantages and disadvantages
of the three methods are compared. Finally, future research is discussed, which could provide
a reference for the ASP.
Character education in the 21st century
Authors: Singh Balraj 
Published: October 2020

Character education is a growing discipline in recent times with the intent of optimizing student’s ethical behaviour. The outcome of character education has been seen in the continuous encouragement and preparation of a solid background of the leaders of tomorrow. The promotion of character education should not just be that of lip service but should be followed-up with a concrete action plan that will stand the test of time. In other words, education policy should take the lead to actualize moral education. The stakeholders, including parent and Administrators should join hands and work together in making sure that the student’s exhibit good conduct and character in all aspects of their lives. The outline of this paper was to identify and define the place of character education in our education system reviewing of the Character Education Partnership’s (hereafter CEP) eleven (11) principles of character education in the future, The Classroom/Activity-Based Character Education Program Implementation and finally the Models of Character Education: Perspectives and Developmental Issues, teaching Strategies and benefits of character education were also discussed.Keywords: character education, 21st century, teaching
Use of Different Food Image Recognition Platforms in Dietary Assessment: Comparison Study
Authors: Van Asbroeck Stephanie , Matthys Christophe 
Published: October 2020

Background
In the domain of dietary assessment, there has been an increasing amount of criticism of memory-based techniques such as food frequency questionnaires or 24 hour recalls. One alternative is logging pictures of consumed food followed by an automatic image recognition analysis that provides information on type and amount of food in the picture. However, it is currently unknown how well commercial image recognition platforms perform and whether they could indeed be used for dietary assessment.

Objective
This is a comparative performance study of commercial image recognition platforms.

Methods
A variety of foods and beverages were photographed in a range of standardized settings. All pictures (n=185) were uploaded to selected recognition platforms (n=7), and estimates were saved. Accuracy was determined along with totality of the estimate in the case of multiple component dishes.

Results
Top 1 accuracies ranged from 63% for the application programming interface (API) of the Calorie Mama app to 9% for the Google Vision API. None of the platforms were capable of estimating the amount of food. These results demonstrate that certain platforms perform poorly while others perform decently.

Conclusions
Important obstacles to the accurate estimation of food quantity need to be overcome before these commercial platforms can be used as a real alternative for traditional dietary assessment methods.