bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing two measures of phenological synchrony in a predator–prey interaction: Simpler works better
Authors: Ramakers Jip J. C. , Gienapp Phillip , Visser Marcel E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Global climate change has sparked a vast research effort into the demographic and evolutionary consequences of mismatches between consumer and resource phenology. Many studies have used the difference in peak dates to quantify phenological synchrony (match in dates, MD), but this approach has been suggested to be inconclusive, since it does not incorporate the temporal overlap between the phenological distributions (match in overlap, MO).

We used 24 years of detailed data on the phenology of a predator–prey system, the great tit (Parus major) and the main food for its nestlings, caterpillars, to estimate MD and MO at the population and brood levels. We compared the performance of both metrics on two key demographic parameters: offspring recruitment probability and selection on the timing of reproduction.

Although MD and MO correlated quadratically as expected, MD was a better predictor for both offspring recruitment and selection on timing than MO. We argue—and verify through simulations—that this is because quantifying MO has to be based on nontrivial, difficult‐to‐verify assumptions that likely render MO too inaccurate as a proxy for food availability in practice.

Our results have important implications for the allocation of research efforts in long‐term population studies in highly seasonal environments.
Genomic data suggest environmental drivers of fish population structure in the deep sea: A case study for the orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus)
Authors: Gonçalves da Silva Anders , Barendse William , Kijas James , England Phillip R. , Hoelzel A. Rus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe accurate identification of conservation units is central to effective management strategies. However, marine environment populations often have large census sizes and few obvious boundaries to gene flow. Poorly understood species in the deep sea are especially at risk of being erroneously managed as a single interbreeding stock (panmictic). However, mistaking cryptic structure for panmixia can have important consequences leading to ineffective management and population decline. Furthermore, characteristics of populations essential for their survival may reflect local adaptation, not evident from surveys using neutral genetic markers.We use genomic methodologies to test hypotheses about potential drivers of cryptic population structure among marine fish populations in the deep sea. In particular, we consider the possibility of isolation by distance along habitat corridors for a species dependent on a specific depth range and test for differentiation at functional loci across potential ecological habitat boundaries.For a species previously understood to be panmictic in the North Atlantic, we reveal neutral genetic differentiation among regional populations isolated by distance along deep‐water channels. We also reveal a distinct pattern of cryptic genetic structure for putative functional loci, despite apparently high levels of gene flow.Synthesis and applications. This example reflects the life history and ecology of a broad range of deep‐sea species currently exploited in intensive fisheries or as bycatch. In many cases where these populations are managed as a single stock, more effective management could be achieved using the methods we describe to identify relevant eco‐evolutionary processes, facilitated by genomic methods, permitting the recognition of cryptic stock structure. This approach also allows managers to more directly promote the essential but elusive conservation of adaptive potential.
Climate warming is predicted to enhance the negative effects of harvesting on high‐latitude lake fish
Authors: Smalås Aslak , Strøm John F. , Amundsen Per‐Arne , Dieckmann Ulf , Primicerio Raul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEcosystems at high latitudes are exposed to some of the highest rates of climate warming on earth, and freshwater ecosystems in those regions are already experiencing extended ice‐free seasons and warmer waters. The dominant fish species in these ecosystems are cold‐water salmonids, which play a central ecological role in lake ecosystems, where they are often exposed to size‐selective fisheries that truncate their size and age distributions, making them potentially vulnerable to exploitation and environmental perturbations.Here, we address the combined effects of climate‐induced water temperature increase (using regionally downscaled climate models based on the RCP‐4.5 and RCP‐8.5 climate scenarios together with an air‐to‐water temperature model) and gillnet harvesting, over the period from 1950 to 2100, on the somatic growth, demography and vulnerability of Arctic charrSalvelinus alpinus(L.), using an eco‐genetic individual‐based model. The model captures successive annual life‐history events, including the key processes of size‐dependent mortality, age‐ and size‐dependent maturation described by a probabilistic reaction norm, temperature‐dependent growth, size‐dependent reproduction and density‐dependent recruitment.Our model predicts that higher water temperatures will increase the somatic growth of Arctic charr, leading to larger body size at age and increased stock biomass: for RCP‐8.5, we predict an 80% increase in stock biomass in the year 2100 relative to the year 2000 in the absence of fishing. Interestingly, this potential increase in biomass in future climate scenarios will be partially masked by harvesting: for a fishing mortality of 0.3 year−1, we predict a mere 40% increase in stock biomass in 2100 relative to 2000. Despite the predicted increase in stock biomass, yield will increase substantially only when fishing mortality is low. In addition, climate warming will accentuate the age‐truncation effect of harvesting, which will target younger individuals, including immatures, thus elevating the vulnerability of the population to environmental perturbations.Synthesis and applications. Our model‐based analyses highlight the combined effects of climate change and size‐selective fishing, emphasizing the emerging vulnerability of fish populations to multiple stressors. We recommend carefully climate‐adapted management strategies permitting only a narrow range of gillnet mesh sizes for inland fisheries at high latitudes.
The Effect of Mergers and Acquisitions on Employees: Wealth Transfer, Gain‐Sharing or Pain‐Sharing?
Authors: Kuvandikov Azimjon , Pendleton Andrew , Higgins David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper considers whether gains made by shareholders from corporate takeovers are achieved at the expense of employees, as proposed by the ‘wealth transfer’ perspective. It analyses the contribution of employee lay‐offs, along with employment and wage changes, to the takeover premium and abnormal share price movements. The analysis draws on a unique dataset of British takeovers, combining documentary, share price and accounting data. The results show that lay‐offs planned at the takeover have either no effect or adverse effects on shareholder returns. Wages growth is positively, not inversely, related to shareholder returns from the second year after the takeover, whilst positive employment changes have a similar effect in the following year. Closer scrutiny indicates that labour and shareholders share gains when the firm does well, but share pain when it does not. There is evidence, therefore, that labour and shareholder interests can be complementary, rather than antagonistic, after takeovers.
The secretome of Pichia pastoris in fed‐batch cultivations is largely independent of the carbon source but changes quantitatively over cultivation time
Authors: Burgard Jonas , Grünwald‐Gruber Clemens , Altmann Friedrich , Zanghellini Jürgen , Valli Minoska , Mattanovich Diethard , Gasser Brigitte 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe quantitative changes of the secretome of recombinant Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) CBS7435 over the time‐course of methanol‐ or glucose‐limited fed‐batch cultures were investigated by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS to define the carbon source‐specific secretomes under controlled bioreactor conditions. In both set‐ups, no indication for elevated cell lysis was found. The quantitative data revealed that intact and viable P. pastoris cells secrete only a low number of endogenous proteins (in total 51), even during high cell density cultivation. Interestingly, no marked differences in the functional composition of the P. pastoris secretome between methanol‐ and glucose‐grown cultures were observed with only few proteins being specifically affected by the carbon source. The ‘core secretome’ of 22 proteins present in all analysed carbon sources (glycerol, glucose and methanol) consists mainly of cell wall proteins. The quantitative analysis additionally revealed that most secretome proteins were already present after the batch phase, and depletion rather than accumulation occurred during the fed‐batch processes. Among the changes over cultivation time, the depletion of both the extracellularly detected chaperones and the only two identified proteases (Pep4 and Yps1‐1) during the methanol‐ or glucose‐feed phase appear as most prominent.
Control of solvent production by sigma‐54 factor and the transcriptional activator AdhR in Clostridium beijerinckii
Authors: Yang Bin , Nie Xiaoqun , Gu Yang , Jiang Weihong , Yang Chen 
Published: November 2019

SummaryClostridia are obligate anaerobic bacteria that can produce solvents such as acetone, butanol and ethanol. Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) play a key role in solvent production; however, their regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we characterized the regulatory mechanisms of two ADH‐encoding genes in C. beijerinckii. SigL (sigma factor σ54) was found to be required for transcription of adhA1 and adhA2 genes. Moreover, a novel transcriptional activator AdhR was identified, which binds to the σ54 promoter and activates σ54‐dependent transcription of adhA1 and adhA2. Clostridia beijerinckii mutants deficient in SigL or AdhR showed severely impaired butanol and ethanol production as well as altered acetone and butyrate synthesis. Overexpression of SigL resulted in significantly improved solvent production by C. beijerinckii when butyrate was added to cultures. Our results reveal SigL as a novel engineering target for improving solvent production by C. beijerinckii and other solvent‐producing clostridia. Moreover, this study gains an insight into regulation of alcohol metabolism in diverse clostridia.
Risk factors for herpes zoster infection among Filipinos with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zamora Leonid D. , Collante Ma. Theresa M. , Navarra Sandra V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo identify clinical risk factors associated with herpes zoster (HZ) infections in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsA case‐control study of HZ infection was performed in SLE patients seen at the University of Santo Tomas Lupus Clinics from 2009‐2014. Cases were matched 1:2 to SLE controls without HZ infection for age, sex, and disease duration. Clinical characteristics, SLE disease activity, and immunosuppressive use were compared.ResultsSixty‐five SLE patients (61, 93.8% female) who developed HZ were matched with 130 SLE patients without HZ. Mean age was 36.75 years (±1.35; P = 1.00) for the case group; mean SLE disease duration at first HZ infection was 6.1 years (±3.3; P = .919). Four patients had more than 1 episode of HZ. There was localized HZ in 63/65 (97%), and 2 (3%) disseminated HZ infections. The case group received higher doses of prednisone 64/65 (P = .012), mean prednisone dose 18.62 mg/d (±1.48, P < .001) and more were exposed to cyclophosphamide (Cyc) (19/65; P < .001) compared to the control group's mean prednisone dose of 11.73 mg/d (±1.16); there was Cyc use in 7/130 patients. Cyc in addition to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) use among lupus nephritis patients conferred the highest risk for HZ infection occurrence. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use reduced the risk for HZ by 87% (adjusted odds ratio 0.13, P = .003).ConclusionImmunosuppressives and corticosteroid use are risk factors associated with the development of HZ in SLE. The risk for HZ increases among patients given intravenous Cyc and MMF for lupus nephritis. SLE disease activity did not show a direct association with HZ occurrence. HCQ use appeared to have a protective role against HZ infection.
Evaluation of a new primer combination to minimize plastid contamination in 16S rDNA metabarcoding analyses of alga‐associated bacterial communities
Authors: Thomas François , Dittami Simon M. , Brunet Maéva , Le Duff Nolwen , Tanguy Gwenn , Leblanc Catherine , Gobet Angélique 
Published: November 2019

SummaryPlant‐ and alga‐associated bacterial communities are generally described via 16S rDNA metabarcoding using universal primers. As plastid genomes encode 16S rDNA related to cyanobacteria, these data sets frequently contain >90% plastidial sequences, and the bacterial diversity may be under‐sampled. To overcome this limitation we evaluated in silico the taxonomic coverage for four primer combinations targeting the 16S rDNA V3‐V4 region. They included a forward primer universal to Bacteria (S‐D‐Bact‐0341‐b‐S‐17) and four reverse primers designed to avoid plastid DNA amplification. The best primer combination (NOCHL) was compared to the universal primer set in the wet lab using a synthetic community and samples from three macroalgal species. The proportion of plastid sequences was reduced by 99%–100% with the NOCHL primers compared to the universal primers, irrespective of algal hosts, sample collection and extraction protocols. Additionally, the NOCHL primers yielded a higher richness while maintaining the community structure. As Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria were underrepresented (70%–90%) compared to universal primers, combining the NOCHL set with taxon‐specific primers may be useful for a complete description of the alga‐associated bacterial diversity. The NOCHL primers represent an innovation to study algal holobionts without amplifying host plastid sequences and may further be applied to other photosynthetic hosts.
Mixed‐type primary germ cell tumor of the mediastinum in a young adult male with a sudden life threatening condition: A case report
Authors: Sakane Tadashi , Okuda Katsuhiro , Murase Takayuki , Watanabe Takuya , Oda Risa , Tatematsu Tsutomu , Yokota Keisuke , Haneda Hiroshi , Inagaki Hiroshi , Nakanishi Ryoichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrimary germ cell tumors of the mediastinum are rare neoplasms. Above all, choriocarcinomas are highly aggressive with early haematogenous dissemination. Here, we report an extremely rare case of mixed‐type primary germ cell tumor of the mediastinum which occurred in a 26‐year‐old man with multiple metastases of the lung caused by choriocarcinoma components, with diffuse pulmonary hemorrhaging. The patient developed a sudden life threatening condition a few days after a needle biopsy.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study: This was an extremely rare case of mixed‐type germ cell tumor in a young adult male who developed a sudden life threatening condition due to choriocarcinoma components just a few days after a needle biopsy.What this study adds: Serious conditions may occur in patients with germ cell tumor containing choriocarcinoma components. At present, there is no other way to treat such patients than to promptly recognize complications and perform urgent multimodal intervention.
Leaf age does not justify its early removal in Carica papaya L
Authors: Ruas Katherine F. , da Silva Jefferson R. , Campostrini Eliemar , Salinas Irene , Hueso Juan J. , Cuevas Julián 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated gas exchange and therefore sink/source condition of papaya leaves as they age in order to determine the right moment for leaf blade removal under two different strategies of climate control in greenhouses of Almería (SE Spain): Passive control (PCC; climate control of the greenhouse consisting of natural ventilation by only lateral and roof windows) versus active control (ACC; in addition to the natural ventilation, the greenhouse also incorporated a nebulization and a heating system). The effects of improved climate control were determined on papaya leaves distributed in five different positions in the canopy: S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, where S1 represented the youngest leaf, whereas S5 was the oldest (senescent) leaf present in the plant canopy. We observed that all age leaves presented positive values of net photosynthesis (Anet) despite reduced light availability under plastic greenhouses. In order to separate the effects of limited light availability from the leaf age (position in the canopy), we then repeated gas exchange measurements using artificial light (400 μmol m2 s−1) equal for all treatments and observed that the leaves of the ACC increased up to 96% their photosynthetic rates with respect to natural light. ACC plants presented also higher Anet/gs, showing better intrinsic water use efficiency. Based on these results, we discourage blade removal of papaya leaves when light availability above 400 μmol m2 s−1 is assured by correct plant spacing and cultural management.
Vasopressin in the lateral septum decreases conditioned place preference to amphetamine and nucleus accumbens dopamine release
Authors: Gárate‐Pérez Macarena F. , Méndez Alejandra , Bahamondes Carolina , Sanhueza Claudia , Guzmán Fanny , Reyes‐Parada Miguel , Sotomayor‐Zárate Ramón , Renard Georgina M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe lateral septum (LS) is a limbic nucleus interconnected with several brain areas involved in the regulation of mood and reward. Vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide that has been related to the effects of drugs of abuse, but its role in the addictive process is poorly understood. LS expresses a high density of AVP 1A receptors (V1A). The aim of this work was to examine whether the modulation of LS AVP system affects the behavioral and neurochemical responses to amphetamine (AMPH) in male rats. Our results show that AMPH‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP) produces a decrease in LS AVP content. Besides, we demonstrate that the microinjection of AVP in the LS impairs the expression of AMPH‐induced CPP and that this effect is mediated by the activation of the V1A receptor in the LS. AVP microinjection in the LS elicited a decrease in neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in animals subjected to AMPH conditioning. Finally, AVP microinjection in the LS decreased dopamine (DA) release in the NAc. Overall, our data demonstrate that intra‐LS AVP diminishes the expression of AMPH conditioning behavior while decreasing neuronal activity and DA release in the NAc. Presumably, the effects of AVP in the LS produce an inhibition of GABAergic projections to the VTA, increasing local inhibitory tone in this nucleus, which in turn reduces the activity of DA projections to NAc. Thus, these results contribute to the knowledge about the role of AVP in LS in regulating the reward circuit and addictive like behaviors.
Arid zone island hopping: the impact of dispersal on endemism in hydraenid beetles (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) found in isolated desert springs
Authors: DeBoo Matthew L , Murphy Nicholas P , Austin Andrew D , Watts Chris H S , Guzik Michelle T 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Great Artesian Basin (GAB) provides a reliable source of water in the form of isolated freshwater springs to an otherwise arid Australian landscape. Across this landscape, dispersal potential relative to the distribution of freshwater springs can influence diversification and endemism of associated invertebrate fauna. Many aquatic taxa inhabit these springs, but best known are the poorly dispersing short‐range endemic, obligate aquatic taxa including crustaceans, hydrobiid snails and desert goby fish. Long distance dispersal potential and its impact on diversification and endemism have not previously been examined in spring‐associated beetles, in particular the family Hydraenidae, which are found in many springs. Our aims were to examine phylogenetic relationships and identify possible endemism among individuals species of Ochthebius (Gymnochthebius) from GAB springs and to use inter‐ and intra‐specific phylogeographic structure and geographic distributions to infer dispersal capability. We sequence done mitochondrial gene for 125 individuals from three known species of Ochthebius (Gymnochthebius) Orchymont, 1943, that are endemic to the arid zone and the GAB springs. Overall, we confirmed the reciprocal monophyly of the three species as well as identifying two new spring clades of Ochthebius (Gymnochthebius). The placement of a species from Kangaroo Island within the phylogenetic tree indicated that the GAB springs species are not monophyletic and that multiple origins of Ochthebius (Gymnochthebius) have occurred into the GAB springs. Some species had shared haplotypes between spring complexes >195 km apart, suggesting significant dispersal, while other species are apparently restricted to a single spring complex, indicating a possible disparity in the dispersal ability among species. Population analysis of the most widespread species, Ochthebius (Gymnochthebius) fontinalis Perkins, 2005, revealed significant geographic and phylogenetic structure with evidence of many new haplotypes. The Ochthebius (Gymnochthebius) species examined here have a complex phylogeographic structure with evidence of endemism, but also high gene flow between spring groups, indicating that dispersal potential is varied.
Mass windborne migrations extend the range of the migratory locust in East China
Authors: Tu Xiongbing , Hu Gao , Fu Xiaowei , Zhang Yunhui , Ma Jian , Wang Yunping , Gould Philip J. L. , Du Guilin , Su Hongtian , Zhang Zehua , Chapman Jason W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Migratory insect pests pose a substantial challenge to global food security. These issues are particularly acute when pest incursions occur considerably beyond the expected range, through natural migration or human‐aided transport, because the lack of species‐specific control strategies and a potential absence of species‐specific natural enemies in the newly‐invaded area may lead to rapid establishment of a new pest.
One such threat is posed by the Oriental migratory locust Locusta migratoria manilensis in China, which, historically, has been restricted to eastern China from the Bohai Gulf southwards, and now threatens to expand its range into the agriculturally important region of northeast China.
We analyzed data from a recent outbreak of migratory locusts in Heilongjiang Province (extreme northeast China), > 700 km north of its current known range, and identified the source region, timing of arrival and probable migratory routes of this incursion.
We further show that warming temperatures in this region will likely allow subsequent invasions to establish permanent populations in northeast China, and thus authorities in this important crop‐producing region of East Asia should be vigilant to the threat posed by this species.