bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular dynamics simulation study used in systems with supercritical water
Authors: Jin Hui , Ding Weijing , Bai Bin , Cao Changqing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Supercritical water (SCW) is a green solvent. The supercritical fluids have been increasingly concerned and studied in many areas such as SCW gasification, biofuel production, SCW hydrothermal conversion, organic wastes treatment and utilization, nanotechnology, etc. Because of the severe circumstances and rapid reactions in supercritical water, it is difficult for experimental researchers to disentangle various fundamental reaction steps from the intermediate and product distributions. From this perspective, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation based on quantum chemistry is an efficient tool for studying and exploring complex molecular systems. In recent years, molecular simulations and quantum chemical calculations have become powerful for illustrating the possible internal mechanism of a complex system. However, now there is no literature about the overview of MD simulation study of the system with SCW. Therefore, in this paper, an overview of MD simulation investigation applied in various systems with SCW is presented. In the current review we explore diverse research areas. Namely, the applications of MD simulation on investigating the properties of SCW, pyrolysis/gasification systems with SCW, dissolution systems and oxidation systems with SCW were summarized. And the corresponding problems in diverse systems were discussed. Furthermore, the advances and problems in MD simulation study were also discussed. Finally, possible directions for future research were outlined. This work is expected to be one reference for the further theoretical and molecular simulation investigations of systems involving SCW.
Neural Drive is Greater for a High-Intensity Contraction Than for Moderate-Intensity Contractions Performed to Fatigue
Authors: Miller Jonathan D. , Lippman Jeremy D. , Trevino Michael A. , Herda Trent J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Miller, JD, Lippman, JD, Trevino, MA, and Herda, TJ. Larger motor units are recruited for high-intensity contractions than for fatiguing moderate-intensity contractions. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3013–3021, 2020—The purpose of this study was to investigate whether moderate-intensity contractions performed to fatigue activate the motor unit (MU) pool to the same extent as a higher-intensity contraction. Subjects (7 men, 2 women, age = 22.78 ± 4.15 years, height = 173.78 ± 14.19 cm, mass = 87.39 ± 21.19 kg) performed 3 isometric maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs), an isometric trapezoidal contraction at 90% MVC (REP90), and repetitive isometric trapezoidal contractions at 50% MVC performed to failure with the first (REP1) and final repetition (REPL) used for analysis. Surface EMG was recorded from the vastus lateralis. Action potentials were extracted into firing events of single MUs with recruitment thresholds (RTs), MU action potential amplitudes (MUAPAMP), and mean firing rates (MFRs) recorded. Linear MFR and MUAPAMP vs. RT and exponential MFR vs. MUAPAMP relationships were calculated for each subject. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. B terms for the MFR vs. MUAPAMP relationships (p = 0.001, REPL = −4.77 ± 1.82 pps·mV−1, REP90 = −2.63 ± 1.00 pps·mV−1) and predicted MFRs for MUs recruited at 40% MVC (p < 0.001, REPL = 11.14 ± 3.48 pps, REP90 = 18.38 ± 2.60 pps) were greater for REP90 than REPL indicating firing rates were greater during REP90. In addition, larger mean (p = 0.038, REPL = 0.178 ± 0.0668 mV, REP90 = 0.263 ± 0.128 mV) and maximum (p = 0.008, REPL = 0.320 ± 0.127 mV, Rep90 = 0.520 ± 0.234 mV) MUAPAMPS were recorded during REP90 than REPL. Larger MUs were recruited and similar sized MUs maintained greater firing rates during a high-intensity contraction in comparison to a moderate-intensity contraction performed at fatigue. Individuals seeking maximized activation of the MU pool should use high-intensity resistance training paradigms rather than moderate-intensity to fatigue.
Mechanical Properties Improvement of Polyvinyl Acetate Polymer-Treated Sand with Plant Fiber Reinforcement
Authors: Liu Jin , Shi Xiao , Qi Changqing , Chen Zhihao , Bu Fan , Qian Wei , Jiang Canhui , Lan Xiaowei , Song Zezhuo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sand as a building material is pretty common in engineering constructions such as slopes and foundation pits. The great instability is generally generated because of the lack of cohesion inside and such instability is more serious during rains or when subjected to excessive external loads. This paper is aimed to study a combination of polyvinyl acetate polymer and sisal fiber as reinforcement materials. The focus of this study is to determine the effects of polymer content, fiber content, and dry sand density on the improvement in mechanical behavior of reinforced poorly graded sand. A series of direct shear, unconfined compression, and tensile tests on the reinforced sand have been conducted. The results suggest that the reinforcement effect increases with dry sand density up to 1.55 g/cm3 and then levels off. For fixed dry sand density, the strength of the improved sand enhances with the augment of polymer and plant fiber contents. At maximum contents, the reinforced sand can have 480 kPa of shear tensile strength, 1,276 kPa of unconfined compressive strength, and 240 kPa of tensile strength. The reinforcement mechanisms are revealed by Scanning Electron Microscope images. Polymer forms firm the polymer–soil matrices that enhance the fiber–sand interactions to mobilize tensile stresses. The combined use of polymer and fiber is preferred in engineering practices because of its zero negative impacts on the environment.
Diagnostic utility of different models used to assess the acid–base balance in cats with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Sławuta Piotr , Sikorska-Kopyłowicz Agnieszka , Sapikowski Grzegorz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMetabolic acidosis is diagnosed based on the concentration of bicarbonate ions and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, although acid–base balance (ABB) disorders may also be diagnosed based on the serum ion concentrations in order to determine the values of strong ion difference (SID), anion gap (AG), corrected anion gap (AGcorr) and chloride/sodium ratio (Cl−/Na+). The aim of this study was to assess and compare the classic model, the value of the AG, AGcorr, and Cl−/Na+ in the diagnosis of ABB disorders in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study group consisted of 80 cats with CKD, divided into four groups based on the guidelines of the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS). The control group (C) included 20 healthy cats. Metabolic acidosis – diagnosed based on the classic model (Hendersson–Hasselbalch equation) – was found in IRIS group IV. AG, AGcorr, SID calculated for IRIS groups II, III and IV were lower than in group C, while the value of AGdiff and Cl−/Na+ in those groups was higher than in group C. We can conclude that ABB analysis using the classic model enabled the detection of ABB disorders in cats in stage IV CKD. However, the analysis of the AG, AGcorr and Cl−/Na+ values enabled the diagnosis of acid–base balance disorders in cats with IRIS stage II, III and IV CKD.
The effect of selected Lactobacillus strains on dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse colitis model
Authors: Hasannejad-Bibalan Meysam , Mojtahedi Ali , Eshaghi Morteza , Rohani Mahdi , Pourshafie Mohammad Reza , Talebi Malihe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises two major illnesses: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse colitis model has been used in understanding the mechanism of IBD. This study was conducted to examine selected Lactobacillus spp. as potential IBD treatment in the DSS-induced animal model. Balb/c mice were used and colitis was induced by adding 5% dextran sodium sulfate into the drinking water for 8 days. Colon length, disease activity index (DAI) and histological analysis were measured as markers of inflammation in DSS colitis mice. The majority of the Lactobacillus species significantly prevented the shortening of the colon length compared with the DSS group. The DAI scores of mice were significantly reduced following usage of four Lactobacillus strains included: Lactobacillus plantarum 03 and 06, Lactobacillus brevis 02 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus 01. The histological analysis exhibited that oral administration of Lactobacillus strains had therapeutic effects on mice colitis. L. plantarum and L. brevis showed better therapeutic effect against DSS-induced acute colitis mice. The probiotic activities of these three isolates indicated that the probiotic effects were strain specific and none of these useful bacteria could exhibit all of the valued probiotic properties simultaneously.
Effects of different decontaminating solutions used for the treatment of peri-implantitis on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis-an in vitro study
Authors: Barrak Ibrahim , Baráth Zoltán , Tián Tamás , Venkei Annamária , Gajdács Márió , Urbán Edit , Stájer Anette 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImplants have been considered the treatment of choice to replace missing teeth, unfortunately, peri-implant disease is still an unresolved issue. Contaminated implants may be decontaminated by physical debridement and chemical disinfectants; however, there is a lack of consensus regarding the ideal techniques/agents to be used for the decontamination. The objective of our study was to compare the decontaminating efficacy of different chemical agents on a titanium surface contaminated with Porphyromonas gingivalis, a typical representative of the bacterial flora associated with peri-implantitis. Commercially pure Ti grade 4 discs with a polished surface were treated with a mouthwash containing chlorhexidine digluconate (0.1%), povidone-iodine (PVP-iodine) solution (10%) or citric acid monohydrate (40%). Qualitative and quantitative assessment of cellular growth and survival were assessed by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significant differences in the quantity of P. gingivalis could be observed after 6 days of incubation. A numerical, but not statistically significant (P = 0.066) decrease in the amount of living bacteria was observed in the group treated with the PVP-iodine solution as compared to the control group. The chlorhexidine (CHX)-treated group presented with significantly higher cell counts, as compared to the PVP-iodine-treated group (P = 0.032), while this was not observed compared to the control group and citric acid-treated group. Our results have also been verified by SEM measurements. Our results suggest that for P. gingivalis contamination on a titanium surface in vitro, PVP-iodine is a superior decontaminant, compared to citric acid and chlorhexidine-digulconate solution.
Performance of recombinant proteins in diagnosis and differentiation of canine visceral leishmaniasis infected and vaccinated dogs
Authors: Pereira Ingrid E. , Silva Kyssia P. , Menegati Laura M. , Pinheiro Aimara C. , Assunção Elaine A. O. , Araújo Maria De Lourdes P. , Abass Elfadil , Duthie Malcolm S. , Steinhoff Ulrich , Teixeira Henrique C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractControl of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), a major zoonotic disease in Brazil and many other tropical and subtropical countries, remains difficult as an accurate and reliable diagnosis is still missing. In endemic regions, infected dogs are the main parasitic reservoir host of human Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) infection. Vaccination of dogs against Leishmania infection constitutes an important strategy to prevent or to better control CVL, thus, a serological test that can discriminate between antibodies induced by immunization versus infection is highly desirable in order to improve and simplify diagnosis. Here, four recombinant proteins were evaluated for their ability to detect and differentiate between dogs that are infected with Leishmania or have been immunized with the anti-Leishmania vaccine Leish-Tec®. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the four Leishmania-specific IgG ELISA revealed superior performance of rK28, followed by rKLO8, rK39 and rLb6H. The rK28-based ELISA revealed not only the best accuracy against CVL, but also the lowest cross-reactivity with sera from Leish-Tec® immunized dogs. Our data show that the rK28-based ELISA is highly suitable for CVL screening as it shows high sensitivity with simultaneous low cross-reactivity. Further, the high specificity of the rKLO8 indicates its suitability for the confirmation of CVL diagnosis.
New Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) sauropod tracks from Hvar Island, Croatia
Authors: Solt Péter , Szuromi-Korecz Andrea , Ősi Attila 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn June 2017 a new sauropod trackway locality was discovered in the central part of the Adriatic–Dinaric Carbonate Platform (ADCP), on the island of Hvar (Croatia). The track site is situated on the northern shore of the western edge (Pelegrin) of the island in the upper Turonian – lower Coniacian limestone series. The track site contains altogether 13 footprints arranged in four possible trackways. The largest footprints have a diameter up to 80 cm. In some places the limestone surface is strongly karstified and the tracks are partly eroded, which has certainly modified the original shape and size of the footprints. Microfossil assemblage from the track-bearing beds suggest an early Coniacian age for the tracks. The new trackways on Hvar Island further strengthen the earlier hypothesis that sauropods were present in the western Tethyan archipelago during the late Cenomanian–late Campanian period. In addition, the new tracks, together with those from the Žukova Cove of Hvar, represent two, possibly slightly different stratigraphic horizons close to the Turonian–Coniacian boundary, and suggest that the occurrence of sauropods on the ADCP and possibly also on other parts of the Apulian microplate was not accidental, but rather periodical and more frequent than previously thought.
Consumo de azúcar y caries de la infancia temprana en Cali, Colombia
Authors: Villegas Trujillo Lina María , Villavicencio Flórez Judy Elena , Rios Fanny , Contreras Rengifo Adolfo 
Published: August 2020

Introducción: la correlación entre caries de la infancia temprana y el consumo de azúcar en alimentos y bebidas no ha sido reportada en Colombia.
Objetivo: investigar la prevalencia de las caries en la infancia temprana y el consumo de azúcar en alimentos dentro de un jardín de educación preescolar.
Diseño: se realizó un estudio descriptivo con 124 niños con edades entre 3 y 4 años que asisten a tres entidades públicas de cuidado infantil entre semana. Se registraron sus hábitos alimenticios durante tres meses y se proyectaron hacia un año. Los niños fueron alimentados de acuerdo con un menú institucional que incluye el desayuno, el almuerzo y dos meriendas entre comidas y que se prepara siguiendo los lineamientos gubernamentales que miden las calorías y clasifican los alimentos por grupos. Luego de dejar la institución, la alimentación de los niños es responsabilidad de los padres y por esto, se les consultó, mediante un cuestionario, una entrevista y una visita domiciliaria, los hábitos alimenticios de los niños durante los fines de semana. La caries de la infancia temprana se investigó a través del sistema internacional de evaluación y detección de las caries.
Resultados: por año, se estimó que el consumo de azúcar de los niños es de 52.20 kg, lo que está por encima de la recomendación de la OMS. Incluso, aunque hay un aumento en el consumo de azúcar durante los fines de semana, la cantidad de azúcar entre semana también es importante, lo que se asocia con un incremento en el índice dmft. Asímismo, se asoció el tetero de la noche con la caries de la infancia temprana y se encontró que el cepillado para el control de la placa también es insuficiente.
Conclusión: el consumo excesivo de azúcar y el cepillado insuficiente son factores de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de caries de la infancia temprana en los niños colombianos. Colombia necesita promover e implementar políticas nutricionales más estrictas para reducir el consumo de azúcar de los niños y para mejorar el control de la placa dental en instituciones de cuidado y en casa para reducir la prevalencia de la caries en este momento del ciclo vital.
Evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas de reproducibilidad del Oral Health Impact Profile (ohip-49) entre pacientes con enfermedad periodontal
Authors: Loaiza Echeverri Erica Tatiana , Arroyave Zuluaga Iván Darío , De La Hoz Perafán Renata 
Published: August 2020

Introducción: la medición de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral es un indicador de la afectación negativa de la vida diaria de los pacientes por su condición oral. El OHIP-49 es un instrumento de uso extendido, los investigadores presentan el análisis de las propiedades psicométricas que describan el comportamiento del instrumento en la población de estudio. El objetivo es evaluar las propiedades de reproducibilidad del instrumento OHIP-49 entre pacientes con enfermedad periodontal que asisten a dos instituciones prestadoras de salud.
Métodos: con una muestra de 207 participantes, como lo sugiere la International Test Comission, se incluyeron por conveniencia 91 hombres y 116 mujeres; se evaluaron las propiedades de reproducibilidad: fiabilidad, consistencia interna, poder discriminante y validez de contenido.
Resultados: se obtuvo un alpha de Cronbach de 0,951 y altos porcentajes de éxito para la consistencia (87,5%-100%); el poder discriminante tuvo aceptables porcentajes de éxito (16,6%-68,5%). Se decide revisar la estructura del instrumento y se obtuvo un modelo de siete factores. Según la condición clínica, los pacientes con periodontitis estadíos III y IV presentaron mayor afectación en las dimensiones de limitación funcional, masticación, deglución y estética al compararlos con los casos menos severos.
Conclusiones: se obtuvo un buen comportamiento del instrumento en esta población de la costa caribe colombiana, pero es válido considerar reducir dimensiones para mejorar los puntajes de reproducibilidad.
Empleabilidad de los graduados de programas de pregrado en odontología de la ciudad de Medellín- Colombia, 2017-2018
Authors: Franco Cortés Ángela María , Serna Gómez Julián Alberto , Ochoa Acosta Emilia María 
Published: August 2020

Introducción: la empleabilidad se relaciona con la inserción laboral de los graduados según múltiples factores, entre ellos, las condiciones del mercado laboral.
Objetivo: Describir aspectos relacionados con la empleabilidad de los graduados de dos programas de pregrado en Odontología de Medellín, Colombia.
Método: estudio descriptivo en el que participaron 446 odontólogos pertenecientes a dos Universidades de la ciudad, seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico. La información se recogió a través de encuestas y el procesamiento se realizó en el software SPSS versión 22. Se hizo análisis univariado y dos técnicas multivariantes, la técnica del árbol para identificar relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre variables y de correspondencia múltiple, para establecer relaciones entre diversas categorías de variables.
Resultados: el 38% de los participantes afirmó estar ejerciendo como odontólogo en la modalidad de empleado y el 45.1% como profesional independiente. El 16,9% no ejercía su profesión al momento de la encuesta. El promedio salarial fue, en mayor medida, menor a $1.500.000 mensuales (28.8%). El 32% de los odontólogos tenía contrato por prestación de servicios y eran, en especial, profesionales con fechas de egreso reciente. El campo laboral de gran parte de los graduados fue la práctica clínica.
Conclusión: algunos aspectos de la empleabilidad que se exploran en el estudio muestran resultados desfavorables para los graduados, entre ellos, la presencia de formas precarias de contratación, el deterioro en los niveles de ingreso, carencia de afiliación al sistema de seguridad social integral y dificultad para insertarse en el mercado laboral, sobre todo para los graduados más recientes.
Biometría de las estructuras del aparato reproductor de la hembra porcina de reemplazo
Authors: Gómez-Torres Fabián Alejandro , Ballesteros-Acuña Luis Ernesto , Cortés-Machado Luz Stella , Rodríguez-Díaz César Augusto 
Published: August 2020

Introducción: algunas especies animales son utilizadas como modelos experimentales en la práctica clínica y quirúrgica y en los claustros universitarios para la enseñanza de la anatomía animal y comparada. Como un aporte a estos ejercicios, esta investigación enriquece el conocimiento de la morfología exterior del útero de cerda y su irrigación vascular.
Metodología: este estudio descriptivo transversal, se realizó con 60 úteros de porcinos. Las arterias y venas uterinas, previo reparo con seda a nivel del cérvix uterino, fueron perfundidas con resina semisintética (palatal 85 % y estireno 15 %) coloreado con rojo y azul mineral respectivamente. Para el estudio anatómico del órgano se realizó una descripción general de la irrigación uterina. Se tomaron las medidas externas de los ovarios y del útero para su caracterización.
Resultados: la longitud promedio de los ovarios fue de 23,07 +/- 3,93 mm para el derecho, y 23,02 +/- 4,45 mm para el izquierdo. La arteria ovárica derecha presentó un calibre y una longitud de 1,7 +/- 0,31 mm y 36,2 +/- 24,1 mm; mientras que en la izquierda se observó un calibre y una longitud de 1,6 +/- 0,5 mm y 35,6 +/- 16,5 mm. Las tubas uterinas presentaron una longitud de 140,3 +/- 29,3 mm del lado derecho y 135,9 +/- 29,2 mm del lado izquierdo.
Conclusiones: se encontró que los valores morfométricos encontrados en esta investigación resultaron en general menores a lo descrito en estudios previos, posiblemente porque las medidas descritas por otros autores se realizaron en hembras multíparas. Esta consideración invita a realizar otros estudios que incluyan hembras con estas características de paridad, para conocer y precisar si el factor está asociado con las variaciones de las medidas reportadas. Vale la pena resaltar que la morfometría del aparato genital tiene creciente importancia en las investigaciones médicas.
De algunas influencias alemanas en Colombia y su exhortación actual al psicólogo
Authors: Ramírez Tobón John Alejandro 
Published: August 2020

Alemania es un referente mundial en muchos ámbitos del conocimiento humano, especialmente el científico y humanístico. En este ensayo se tratará de explicar cómo finalizando el siglo XIX y hasta la década de los sesenta del siglo XX, Alemania influyó en Colombia en tres campos humanísticos: la Filosofía, la Psicología y la Pedagogía, tres disciplinas estrechamente relacionadas que se sirvieron de los conocimientos y avances alemanes representados en figuras eminentes como Nietzsche, Heidegger, Wundt y Franziska Radke. Se relacionará la influencia de cada uno a la disciplina específica. Al finalizar el ensayo, se retomará el aporte de Nietzsche y Heidegger, constituyéndose así en el argumento central de este escrito, explicando la vigencia de ambos planteamientos en la realidad actual colombiana, afirmando la “encarnación” del olvido del ser planteado por Heidegger y la reivindicación de lo humano planteada por Nietzsche. Por otro lado, se invita a la Psicología, desde el pensamiento de ambos filósofos, a plantear desde su quehacer investigativo o de intervención, alternativas que propendan por ese “volver al ser” interpretado en este texto como “volver a lo humano”. En este sentido, el papel del psicólogo se reivindica en un contexto deshumanizante como el que ha generado el conflicto colombiano.