bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attributing Policy Influence under Coalition Governance
Authors: FORTUNATO DAVID , LIN NICK C. N. , STEVENSON RANDOLPH T. , TROMBORG MATHIAS WESSEL 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoalition governance divides policy-making influence across multiple parties, making it challenging for voters to accurately attribute responsibility for outcomes. We argue that many voters overcome this challenge by inferring parties’ policy-making influence using a simple heuristic model that integrates a number of readily available and cheaply obtained informational cues about parties (e.g., their roles in government and legislative seat shares)—while ignoring other cues that, while predictive of real-world influence, are not suitable for heuristic inference (e.g., median party status and bargaining power). Using original data from seven surveys in five countries, we show that voters’ attributions of parties’ policy-making influence are consistent with our proposed inferential strategy. Our findings suggest that while voters certainly have blind spots that cause them to misattribute policy responsibility in some situations, their attributions are generally sensible and consistent with the academic research on multiparty policy making.
An integrative approach assesses the intraspecific variations ofProcamallanus(Spirocamallanus)inopinatus, a common parasite in Neotropical freshwater fishes, and the phylogenetic patterns of Camallanidae
Authors: Ailán-Choke Lorena G. , Tavares Luiz E.R. , Luque José L. , Pereira Felipe B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntegrative taxonomy was used to evaluate two component populations ofProcamallanus(Spirocamallanus)inopinatusin Brazil and the phylogeny Camallanidae. Parasite populations were collected in the characiformAnostomoides passionisfrom River Xingu (Amazon basin) andMegaleporinus elongatusfrom River Miranda (Paraguay basin). Morphology was analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Genetic characterization was based on partial sequences of the 18S and 28S rDNA, and COI mtDNA. Phylogenies were based on 18S and COI due to data availability. Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC), Poisson Tree Process (PTP) and *BEAST were used for species delimitation and validation. SEM revealed for the first time the presence of minute denticles and pore-like structures surrounding the oral opening, phasmids in females and confirmed other important morphological aspects. Statistical comparison between the two-component populations indicated morphometric variations, especially among males. The different component population ofP. (S.)inopinatusshowed variable morphometry, but uniform morphology and were validated as conspecific by the GMYC, PTP and *BEAST. Some camallanid sequences in GenBank have incorrect taxonomic labelling. Host, environment and geographic aspects seem to be related to some lineages within Camallanidae; however, their real phylogenetic meanings are still unclear.
Spreading of SARS-CoV-2 in West Africa and assessment of risk factors
Authors: Tinto B. , Salinas S. , Dicko A. , Kagone T. S. , Traore I. , de Rekeneire N. , Bicaba B. W. , Hien H. , Meda N. , van de Perre P. , Kania D. , Simonin Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough the African continent is, for the moment, less impacted than the rest of the world, it still faces the risk of a spread of COVID-19. In this study, we have conducted a systematic review of the information available in the literature in order to provide an overview of the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 pandemic in West Africa and of the impact of risk factors such as comorbidities, climatic conditions and demography on the pandemic. Burkina Faso is used as a case study to better describe the situation in West Africa. The epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in West Africa is marked by a continuous increase in the numbers of confirmed cases. This geographic area had on 29 July 2020, 131 049 confirmed cases by polymerase chain reaction, 88 305 recoveries and 2102 deaths. Several factors may influence the SARS-CoV-2 circulation in Africa: (i) comorbidities: diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure could lead to an increase in the number of severe cases of SARS-CoV-2; (ii) climatic factors: the high temperatures could be a factor contributing to slow the spread of the virus and (iii) demography: the West Africa population is very young and this could be a factor limiting the occurrence of severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in West Africa is relatively slow compared to European countries, vigilance must remain. Difficulties in access to diagnostic tests, lack of hospital equipment, but also the large number of people working in the informal sector (such as trading, businesses, transport and restoration) makes it difficult to apply preventive measures, namely physical distancing and containment.
A contribution to reducing bycatch in a high priority area for seabird conservation in Portugal
Authors: OLIVEIRA NUNO , ALMEIDA ANA , ALONSO HANY , CONSTANTINO EMANUEL , FERREIRA ANDRÉ , GUTIÉRREZ IVÁN , SANTOS ANA , SILVA ELISABETE , ANDRADE JOANA 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBycatch is one of the main threats to marine biodiversity, affecting ocean ecosystems at a worldwide scale. The main focus of bycatch studies has been on the impact of larger vessels, with few studies assessing the impact of artisanal fisheries. Moreover, bycatch studies are often limited to a small number of marine regions, and significant gaps still exist in our knowledge of the spatial and temporal patterns of seabird bycatch. Here we present a multi-approach method to accurately quantify seabird bycatch driven by small- and medium-sized fishing fleets operating in a high priority area for seabird conservation on the Portuguese mainland. Results of three mitigation measures to reduce seabird bycatch on fishing gear where seabird bycatch is most likely to occur were also tested: high contrast panels in bottom gillnets, black hooks in demersal longlines and a bird scaring device in purse seines. The efficacy, acceptance, and economic viability were tested for each mitigation measure. Sixty-seven individuals of seven seabird species were bycaught during 295 monitored fishing trips between 2015 and 2018. Bycatch occurred mainly in demersal longlines (0.07 birds fishing event-1), followed by purse seines (0.02 birds fishing event-1) and bottom gillnets (0.01 birds fishing event-1). Nevertheless, the bird scaring device caused birds to interact less with the vessel (the presence of gulls was reduced by 11%), thus decreasing the likelihood of bycatch. This device has proved to be low-cost (representing less than 5% income of a single day’s landings) and easy to implement, being also well accepted by purse seine fishermen. It was not possible to evaluate the efficacy of high contrast panels and black hooks, as no bycatch events were recorded during trials.
Perturbations of gut microbiota in gestational diabetes mellitus patients induce hyperglycemia in germ-free mice
Authors: Liu Yu , Qin Shengtang , Feng Ye , Song Yilin , Lv Na , Liu Fei , Zhang Xiaoming , Wang Shuxian , Wei Yumei , Li Shuang , Su Shiping , Zhang Wanyi , Xue Yong , Hao Yanan , Zhu Baoli , Ma Jingmei , Yang Huixia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractShifts in the maternal gut microbiota have been implicated in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Understanding the interaction between gut microbiota and host glucose metabolism will provide a new target of prediction and treatment. In this nested case-control study, we aimed to investigate the causal effects of gut microbiota from GDM patients on the glucose metabolism of germ-free (GF) mice. Stool and peripheral blood samples, as well as clinical information, were collected from 45 GDM patients and 45 healthy controls (matched by age and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI)) in the first and second trimester. Gut microbiota profiles were explored by next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and inflammatory factors in peripheral blood were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fecal samples from GDM and non-GDM donors were transferred to GF mice. The gut microbiota of women with GDM showed reduced richness, specifically decreased Bacteroides andAkkermansia, as well as increasedFaecalibacterium. The relative abundance ofAkkermansiawas negatively associated with blood glucose levels, and the relative abundance ofFaecalibacteriumwas positively related to inflammatory factor concentrations. The transfer of fecal microbiota from GDM and non-GDM donors to GF mice resulted in different gut microbiota colonization patterns, and hyperglycemia was induced in mice that received GDM donor microbiota. These results suggested that the shifting pattern of gut microbiota in GDM patients contributed to disease pathogenesis.
Regulation of dopamine-dependent transcription and cocaine action by Gadd45b
Authors: Zipperly Morgan E. , Sultan Faraz A. , Graham Guan-En , Brane Andrew C. , Simpkins Natalie A. , Carullo Nancy V. N. , Ianov Lara , Day Jeremy J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExposure to drugs of abuse produces robust transcriptional and epigenetic reorganization within brain reward circuits that outlives the direct effects of the drug and may contribute to addiction. DNA methylation is a covalent epigenetic modification that is altered following stimulant exposure and is critical for behavioral and physiological adaptations to drugs of abuse. Although activity-related loss of DNA methylation requires the Gadd45 (Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible) gene family, very little is known about how this family regulates activity within the nucleus accumbens or behavioral responses to drugs of abuse. Here, we combined genome-wide transcriptional profiling, pharmacological manipulations, electrophysiological measurements, and CRISPR tools with traditional knockout and behavioral approaches in rodent model systems to dissect the role of Gadd45b in dopamine-dependent epigenetic regulation and cocaine reward. We show that acute cocaine administration induces rapid upregulation of Gadd45b mRNA in the rat nucleus accumbens, and that knockout or site-specific CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockdown of Gadd45b blocks cocaine conditioned place preference. In vitro, dopamine treatment in primary striatal neurons increases Gadd45b mRNA expression through a dopamine receptor type 1 (DRD1)-dependent mechanism. Moreover, shRNA-induced Gadd45b knockdown decreases expression of genes involved in psychostimulant addiction, blocks induction of immediate early genes by DRD1 stimulation, and prevents DRD1-mediated changes in DNA methylation. Finally, we demonstrate that Gadd45b knockdown decreases striatal neuron action potential burst duration in vitro, without altering other electrophysiological characteristics. These results suggest that striatal Gadd45b functions as a dopamine-induced gene that is necessary for cocaine reward memory and DRD1-mediated transcriptional activity.
Frequency of mispackaging of Prochlorococcus DNA by cyanophage
Authors: Laurenceau Raphaël , Raho Nicolas , Forget Mathieu , Arellano Aldo A , Chisholm Sallie W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Prochlorococcus cells are the numerically dominant phototrophs in the open ocean. Cyanophages that infect them are a notable fraction of the total viral population in the euphotic zone, and, as vehicles of horizontal gene transfer, appear to drive their evolution. Here we examine the propensity of three cyanophages—a podovirus, a siphovirus, and a myovirus—to mispackage host DNA in their capsids while infecting Prochlorococcus, the first step in phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer. We find the mispackaging frequencies are distinctly different among the three phages. Myoviruses mispackage host DNA at low and seemingly fixed frequencies, while podo- and siphoviruses vary in their mispackaging frequencies by orders of magnitude depending on growth light intensity. We link this difference to the concentration of intracellular reactive oxygen species and protein synthesis rates, both parameters increasing in response to higher light intensity. Based on our findings, we propose a model of mispackaging frequency determined by the imbalance between the production of capsids and the number of phage genome copies during infection: when protein synthesis rate increase to levels that the phage cannot regulate, they lead to an accumulation of empty capsids, in turn triggering more frequent host DNA mispackaging errors.
Proteome specialization of anaerobic fungi during ruminal degradation of recalcitrant plant fiber
Authors: Hagen Live H , Brooke Charles G , Shaw Claire A , Norbeck Angela D , Piao Hailan , Arntzen Magnus Ø , Olson Heather M , Copeland Alex , Isern Nancy , Shukla Anil , Roux Simon , Lombard Vincent , Henrissat Bernard , O’Malley Michelle A , Grigoriev Igor V , Tringe Susannah G , Mackie Roderick I , Pasa-Tolic Ljiljana , Pope Phillip B , Hess Matthias 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The rumen harbors a complex microbial mixture of archaea, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi that efficiently breakdown plant biomass and its complex dietary carbohydrates into soluble sugars that can be fermented and subsequently converted into metabolites and nutrients utilized by the host animal. While rumen bacterial populations have been well documented, only a fraction of the rumen eukarya are taxonomically and functionally characterized, despite the recognition that they contribute to the cellulolytic phenotype of the rumen microbiota. To investigate how anaerobic fungi actively engage in digestion of recalcitrant fiber that is resistant to degradation, we resolved genome-centric metaproteome and metatranscriptome datasets generated from switchgrass samples incubated for 48 h in nylon bags within the rumen of cannulated dairy cows. Across a gene catalog covering anaerobic rumen bacteria, fungi and viruses, a significant portion of the detected proteins originated from fungal populations. Intriguingly, the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) profile suggested a domain-specific functional specialization, with bacterial populations primarily engaged in the degradation of hemicelluloses, whereas fungi were inferred to target recalcitrant cellulose structures via the detection of a number of endo- and exo-acting enzymes belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 5, 6, 8, and 48. Notably, members of the GH48 family were amongst the highest abundant CAZymes and detected representatives from this family also included dockerin domains that are associated with fungal cellulosomes. A eukaryote-selected metatranscriptome further reinforced the contribution of uncultured fungi in the ruminal degradation of recalcitrant fibers. These findings elucidate the intricate networks of in situ recalcitrant fiber deconstruction, and importantly, suggest that the anaerobic rumen fungi contribute a specific set of CAZymes that complement the enzyme repertoire provided by the specialized plant cell wall degrading rumen bacteria.
A mask R-CNN model for reidentifying extratropical cyclones based on quasi-supervised thought
Authors: Lu Chuhan , Kong Yang , Guan Zhaoyong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe applications of machine learning/deep learning (ML/DL) methods in meteorology have developed considerably in recent years. Massive amounts of meteorological data are conducive to improving the training effect and model performance of ML/DL, but the establishment of training datasets is often time consuming, especially in the context of supervised learning. In this paper, to identify the two-dimensional (2D) structures of extratropical cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere, a quasi-supervised reidentification method for extratropical cyclones is proposed. This method first uses a traditional automatic cyclone identification method to construct a trainable labeled dataset and then reidentifies extratropical cyclones in a quasi-supervised fashion by using a (pre-trained) Mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) model. In comparison, the new method increases the number of identified cyclones by 8.29%, effectively supplementing the traditional method. The newly recognized cyclones are mainly shallow or moderately deep subsynoptic-scale cyclones. However, a considerable portion of the new cyclones along the coastlines of the oceans are accompanied by strong winds. In addition, the Mask R-CNN model also shows good performance in identifying the horizontal structures of tropical cyclones. The quasi-supervised concept proposed in this paper may shed some light on accurate target identification in other research fields.
Microencapsulation of stearic acid with SiO2 shell as phase change material for potential energy storage
Authors: Ishak Shafiq , Mandal Soumen , Lee Han-Seung , Singh Jitendra Kumar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStearic acid (SA) is being used as phase change material (PCM) in energy storage applications. In the present study, the microencapsulation of SA with SiO2shell was carried out by sol–gel method. Different amounts of SA (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 50 g) were taken against 10 ml of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) for encapsulation. The synthesized microencapsulated PCM (MEPCM) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FT-IR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characterization results showed that SA was successfully encapsulated by SiO2. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) exhibited better thermal stability of the MEPCM than SA. The enthalpy values of MEPCM were found to be unchanged even after 30 heating–cooling cycles by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The latent heats of melting and solidification of 50 g SA containing MEPCM were found to be highest i.e. 182.53 J/g and 160.12 J/g, respectively among all microencapsulated samples. The encapsulation efficiency values were calculated using thermal data and the efficiency was found to be highest i.e. 86.68% in the same sample.
Physical and dynamical characterization of the Euphrosyne asteroid family
Authors: Yang B. , Hanuš J. , Brož M. , Chrenko O. , Willman M. , Ševeček P. , Masiero J. , Kaluna H. 
Published: September 2020

Aims. The Euphrosyne asteroid family occupies a unique zone in orbital element space around 3.15 au and may be an important source of the low-albedo near-Earth objects. The parent body of this family may have been one of the planetesimals that delivered water and organic materials onto the growing terrestrial planets. We aim to characterize the compositional properties as well as the dynamical properties of the family.
Methods. We performed a systematic study to characterize the physical properties of the Euphrosyne family members via low-resolution spectroscopy using the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. In addition, we performed smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations and N-body simulations to investigate the collisional origin, determine a realistic velocity field, study the orbital evolution, and constrain the age of the Euphrosyne family.
Results. Our spectroscopy survey shows that the family members exhibit a tight taxonomic distribution, suggesting a homogeneous composition of the parent body. Our SPH simulations are consistent with the Euphrosyne family having formed via a reaccumulation process instead of a cratering event. Finally, our N-body simulations indicate that the age of the family is 280−80+180 Myr, which is younger than previous estimates.
Untersuchungen zu Einflussfaktoren auf die Influenza-Impfraten bei Patienten mit chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung
Authors: Fischer B. C. , Schulz K.-T. , Wiemann M. , Lücke E. , Schreiber J. 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bei niedrigen Influenza-Impfraten unter chronisch Kranken sollen Ansätze zu deren Steigerung unter Risikopatienten mit chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD) aufgedeckt werden.
Methoden 120 COPD-Patienten aus Magdeburg füllten einen Fragebogen mit selbst erstellten Fragen und etablierten Skalen aus und wurden bez. des Influenza-Impfstatus 2015/2016 bzw. 2016/2017 analysiert. Geimpfte und Ungeimpfte wurden in sozioepidemiologischen Faktoren, Komponenten des Modells gesundheitlicher Überzeugungen, Selbstwirksamkeit (GESIS-ASKU), Angst/Depressionen (HADS-D) und Krankheitsverarbeitung (FKV-LIS) verglichen.
Ergebnisse 62.5 % (n = 75) waren geimpft, 31.7 % (n = 38) ungeimpft, 5.8 % (n = 7) machten keine Angabe. Bei über/gleich 60-Jährigen waren 76 %, bei unter 60-Jährigen 42 % geimpft. 60 % (n = 72) zählten sich zur Risikogruppe. Ungeimpfte gaben stärker Sorgen vor Nebenwirkungen der Impfung an (p = .004) und zogen eine schlechtere Nutzen-Aufwand-Bilanz (p = .001). Ungeimpfte zeigten sich häufiger unsicher bez. des Impfschutzes und der Erkrankungsschwere der Influenza (p ≤ .001). Geimpfte hatten eine hohe Motivation, selbst an die Impfung zu denken, und häufiger eine positive Impfhistorie (p = .001). Die Impfempfehlung erfolgte häufiger durch Hausärzte als durch Pneumologen. Bei COPD-Patienten zeigte sich eine niedrigere Selbstwirksamkeit als in der Referenzgruppe der deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung (p = .000), Geimpfte und Ungeimpfte unterschieden sich nicht (p = .418). Kein Unterschied zwischen Geimpften und Ungeimpften zeigte sich in der Krankheitsverarbeitung und in Depressivität und Angst, Ungeimpfte gaben jedoch tendenziell höhere Angstwerte an.
Schlussfolgerung Maßnahmen sollten insbesondere auf unter 60-jährige COPD-Patienten mit negativer Impfhistorie abzielen und diese als Risikopatienten sensibilisieren. Verbreitete Unsicherheiten zur Erkrankungsschwere der Influenza sowie zum Impf-Schutz sollten angegangen werden. Es sollte vermittelt werden, dass die Influenzaimpfung nicht zur Exazerbation führt. Die Impfempfehlung sollte verstärkt durch Pneumologen erfolgen.
Plantare Fasziopathie – zurück zum Geländelauf
Authors: Neubauer Michaela 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungEin passionierter Geländeläufer hat die Lust am Laufen verloren, da ihn starke Schmerzen an der Fußsohle und Ferse plagen. Schonen scheint das Problem nicht zu lösen. Um aus der Abwärtsspirale herauszukommen, braucht es vielmehr eine individuelle langsame, aber stetige Steigerung der Belastbarkeit.
Seltene Differenzialdiagnose einer Belastungsdyspnoe
Authors: Albrecht S. , Taube C. , Aigner C. , Theegarten D. 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Abklärung der Belastungsdyspnoe stellt eine wichtige und differenzialdiagnostisch vielfältige Aufgabe des Pneumologen dar. Wir berichten von einer zum Zeitpunkt der Erstvorstellung 70-jährigen Patientin mit einem nahezu den kompletten linken Hemithorax ausfüllenden Tumor. Histologisch konnte ein solitäres Pleurafibrom diagnostiziert werden.