bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the effect of changing rotary speed and weight bit on PCD cutter wear
Authors: Abdul-Rani A. M. , Ibrahim Khairiyah , Ab Adzis A. H. , Maulianda B. T. , Mat Asri M. N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe research is to determine the optimum range of rotary speed and weight-on-bit value for interbedded formation to reduce PCD cutter wear rate. To simulate an interbedded formation, a combination of limestone as the soft formation and granite as the hard formation is selected. The research is conducted based on analysis of cutter-rock interaction model, wear model and simulation of PCD cutter using finite element analysis in ABAQUS software. The results show that the optimum range of weight on bit and rotary speed for limestone is between 1000 N, 21.4 RPM, and 4000 N, 85.6 RPM, while for granite it is between 1000 N, 21.4 RPM and 3000 N, 64.2 RPM.
A survey of some tensor analysis techniques for biological systems
Authors: Yahyanejad Farzane , Albert Réka , DasGupta Bhaskar 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundSince biological systems are complex and often involve multiple types of genomic relationships, tensor analysis methods can be utilized to elucidate these hidden complex relationships. There is a pressing need for this, as the interpretation of the results of high‐throughput experiments has advanced at a much slower pace than the accumulation of data.ResultsIn this review we provide an overview of some tensor analysis methods for biological systems.ConclusionsTensors are natural and powerful generalizations of vectors and matrices to higher dimensions and play a fundamental role in physics, mathematics and many other areas. Tensor analysis methods can be used to provide the foundations of systematic approaches to distinguish significant higher order correlations among the elements of a complex systems via finding ensembles of a small number of reduced systems that provide a concise and representative summary of these correlations.
Gender Norms and Poverty Dynamics in 32 Villages of South Asia
Authors: Petesch Patti , Badstue Lone 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe poverty dynamics of a community, and the social arrangements and opportunities that shape these dynamics, constitute important dimensions of well-being. This paper explores local understandings of and experiences with moving out of poverty and with remaining poor by employing the concept of gender norms, or the various social rules that differentiate women’s and men’s roles and conducts in society. The data demonstrate regularities in the influence of restrictive gender norms on understandings of poverty transitions, as well as how these norms are negotiated and bend to accommodate more gender-equitable practices on the ground. Our approach draws on feminist conceptions of gender norms that highlight their fluid and contextual properties, comparative case study methods, and a dataset of 32 village cases from five countries of South Asia. Villagers mainly associate movements out of poverty and chronic poverty with men and their capabilities to expand their earnings and assets despite limited work opportunities. Yet, our evidence from women’s life stories reveals examples from diverse contexts of women who exercise major roles in agriculture and actively work to improve the well-being of their families. However, these experiences rarely alter normative beliefs and practices that entitle men to control women and family resources.
Effect of anions on the structural,
morphological and dielectric properties of hydrothermally synthesized hydroxyapatite
nanoparticles
Authors: Sundarabharathi Lakshmanaperumal , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Parangusan Hemalatha , Chinnaswamy Mahendran , Al-Maadeed Mariam Al Ali 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Synthetic nano hydroxyapatites (HA) have been considered as
potential biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications because of its
excellent biological properties. The present work deals with the synthesis of HA
nanoparticles from different anion source materials via autoclave assisted
hydrothermal method. All the prepared HA nanoparticles were characterized by
X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectra, field emission
scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectra and high resolution
transmission electron microscopy. The XRD patterns reveal the pure and hexagonal
phase structure with smaller crystallite size for HA obtained from various
calcium salt precursors. HA particles prepared from nitrate precursors show
spherical morphology with 32 nm grain size whereas those derived from the
acetate, chloride and egg shell precursors respectively show needle-like,
irregular and oval morphology. The effect of different anions on the dielectric
properties and alternating conductivity of HA is investigated, as a polarized
surface can trigger biological reactions. For the particles obtained from
nitrate, acetate, chloride and egg shell precursors respectively give dielectric
constant (εʹ) values of 9.96, 13.22, 9.92 and 10.86 at 5 MHz. The εʹ and
dielectric loss (εʹʹ) values for the HA nanoparticles decrease with increase in
the applied frequency as well. The alternating current conductivity values
confirm that the as-synthesized HA samples exhibit insulating behavior. In short
this article provides the various applicability of HA particles in
optoelectronics and drug delivery.

Graphic abstract
RVE modelling of short fiber reinforced thermoplastics with discrete fiber orientation and fiber length distribution
Authors: Breuer Kevin , Stommel Markus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study presents an analysis of modelling aspects on the effective composite properties of short glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics using representative volume elements (RVE). Although, many investigations were published showing effects of different modelling parameters of RVEs, we further elaborate in this contribution the parameters: influence of fiber packing, fiber shape, bonding of the fibers to the matrix, fiber length distribution and fiber orientation. The knowledge of these influences is used to determine the extent to which the increased modelling accuracy and thus the computational effort leads to an improved RVE’s forecast quality. This objective is achieved by creating and comparing different RVE models of a PBT-GF20 composite. The information required for the RVE models is obtained by experimental characterization of the PBT-GF20 and the PBT matrix material. It can be concluded based on the results of the numerical investigations in conjunction with the experimental tests of the composite that fiber packing, fiber length distribution, fiber orientation and fiber geometry are essential for a precise determination of the effective composite properties.
Kant on Cognizing Oneself as a Spontaneous Cognizer
Authors: Kohl Markus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractI examine a range of issues concerning Kant's conception of cognitive spontaneity. I consider whether we can cognize or know ourselves as spontaneous cognizers, and why Kant seems to regard the notion of cognitive spontaneity as less problematic than the idea of moral spontaneity. As an organizing theme of my discussion, I use an apparent tension between the A-edition and the B-edition of the firstCritique.Against common interpretations, I argue that in the B-edition Kant does not revoke his claim that we can cognize, and (perhaps) even know, that our noumenal selves are absolutely spontaneous cognitive agents.
A new species ofHypolophites(Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes) from the Lower Clayton Limestone Unit of the Midway Group (Paleocene), near Malvern, Arkansas, USA
Authors: Maisch Harry M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new species ofHypolophites(Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes) is described from an assemblage of isolated pavement teeth recovered from the Lower Clayton Limestone Unit of the Midway Group (Paleocene) near Malvern, Arkansas. These teeth were collected from several localized lag deposits containing an abundance of chondrichthyan and osteichthyan teeth, invertebrate remains, and trace fossils indicative of a marginal-shallow marine depositional environment. To date, only four additional species ofHypolophiteshave been reported from Paleocene deposits that occur along the west coast of central-northern Africa and in central New Jersey, USA. The identification ofHypolophites beckerin. sp. in southwestern Arkansas extends the distribution of this biostratigraphically significant genus ~1,750 km westward into the Mississippi Embayment and Gulf Coastal Plain of the USA. The distribution ofHypolophitesspecies during the Paleocene attests to the uniformity of shallow marine shelves between western Africa and the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains of the USA, as well as myliobatiform diversification following the K/Pg mass extinction event.UUID:http://zoobank.org/3a1580d1-a2f4-49b6-8170-69a778c49181
Covariation between spontaneous neural activity in the insula and affective temperaments is related to sleep disturbance in individuals with major depressive disorder
Authors: Wu Huawang , Zheng Yingjun , Zhan Qianqian , Dong Jie , Peng Hongjun , Zhai Jinguo , Zhao Jingping , She Shenglin , Wu Chao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAffective temperaments have been considered antecedents of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little is known about how the covariation between alterations in brain activity and distinct affective temperaments work collaboratively to contribute to MDD. Here, we focus on the insular cortex, a critical hub for the integration of subjective feelings, emotions, and motivations, to examine the neural correlates of affective temperaments and their relationship to depressive symptom dimensions.MethodsTwenty-nine medication-free patients with MDD and 58 healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging scanning and completed the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS). Patients also received assessments of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). We used multivariate analyses of partial least squares regression and partial correlation analyses to explore the associations among the insular activity, affective temperaments, and depressive symptom dimensions.ResultsA profile (linear combination) of increased fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) of the anterior insular subregions (left dorsal agranular–dysgranular insula and right ventral agranuar insula) was positively associated with an affective-temperament (depressive, irritable, anxious, and less hyperthymic) profile. The covariation between the insula-fALFF profile and the affective-temperament profile was significantly correlated with the sleep disturbance dimension (especially the middle and late insomnia scores) in the medication-free MDD patients.ConclusionsThe resting-state spontaneous activity of the anterior insula and affective temperaments collaboratively contribute to sleep disturbances in medication-free MDD patients. The approach used in this study provides a practical way to explore the relationship of multivariate measures in investigating the etiology of mental disorders.
Research Impact Through Matchmaking (RITM): Why and How to Connect Researchers and Practitioners
Authors: Levine Adam Seth 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTResearchers and practitioners increasingly want to learn from one another and work together to solve problems. This article presents results from a new evidence-based approach for connecting them, called Research Impact Through Matchmaking (RITM). This method leverages research on organizational diversity to initiate new relationships between diverse people. The article describes the method and presents data from 37 new connections between practitioners working at nonprofits and social scientists. To my knowledge, this is the first dataset describing reasons why a large variety of nonprofit practitioners value social science research. I also document the impact of these matches. Overall, this article provides actionable guidance for those who want to initiate their own new connections (i.e., match themselves) and/or to broker new connections between others.
High Rates of Inflation During a Noneruptive Episode of Seismic Unrest at Semisopochnoi Volcano, Alaska in 2014–2015
Authors: DeGrandpre Kimberly G. , Pesicek Jeremy D. , Lu Zhong , DeShon Heather R. , Roman Diana C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMagma intrusion rate is a key parameter in eruption triggering but is poorly quantified in existing geodetic studies. Here we examine two episodes of rapid inflation in this context. Two noneruptive microseismic swarms were recorded at Semisopochnoi Volcano, Alaska in 2014–2015. We use differential SAR techniques and TerraSAR‐X images to document surface deformation from 2011 to 2015, which comprises island‐wide radial inflation totaling ~25 cm (+/−1 cm) line of sight displacement in 2014–2015. Multiple source geometries are tested in an inversion of the deformation data, and InSAR data are best fit by a spheroid trending to the northeast and plunging to the southeast, with a major axis of ~4 km and minor axes of ~1 km, directly under the central caldera of Semisopochnoi. In 2014, a modeled influx of 0.043 km3 of magma caused line of sight displacement of ~17 cm. This magma was stored at a depth of ~8 km, until 2015 when 0.029 km3 was added. Along with the definition of inflation source parameters, the recorded seismic events are relocated using differential travel times. These relocated events outline a linear aseismic area within a larger zone of shallow (<10 km) seismicity. This aseismic region aligns with the centroid of the deformation model. Based on these geodetic and seismic models, the plumbing system at Semisopochnoi is interpreted as a spheroidal magma storage zone at a depth of ˜8 km below a linear feature of partial melt. The observed deformation and seismicity appear to result from rapid injection into this main storage region.
Distinct genetic changes reveal evolutionary history and heterogeneous molecular grade of DLBCL with MYC/BCL2 double-hit
Authors: Cucco Francesco , Barrans Sharon , Sha Chulin , Clipson Alexandra , Crouch Simon , Dobson Rachel , Chen Zi , Thompson Joe Sneath , Care Matthew A. , Cummin Thomas , Caddy Josh , Liu Hongxiang , Robinson Anne , Schuh Anna , Fitzgibbon Jude , Painter Daniel , Smith Alexandra , Roman Eve , Tooze Reuben , Burton Catherine , Davies Andrew J. , Westhead David R. , Johnson Peter W. M. , Du Ming-Qing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing a Burkitt lymphoma-like gene expression signature, we recently defined a high-risk molecular high-grade (MHG) group mainly within germinal centre B-cell like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (GCB-DLBCL), which was enriched for MYC/BCL2 double-hit (MYC/BCL2-DH). The genetic basis underlying MHG-DLBCL and their aggressive clinical behaviour remain unknown. We investigated 697 cases of DLBCL, particularly those with MYC/BCL2-DH (n = 62) by targeted sequencing and gene expression profiling. We showed that DLBCL with MYC/BCL2-DH, and those with BCL2 translocation, harbour the characteristic mutation signatures that are associated with follicular lymphoma and its high-grade transformation. We identified frequent MYC hotspot mutations that affect the phosphorylation site (T58) and its adjacent amino acids, which are important for MYC protein degradation. These MYC mutations were seen in a subset of cases with MYC translocation, but predominantly in those of MHG. The mutations were more frequent in double-hit lymphomas with IG as the MYC translocation partner, and were associated with higher MYC protein expression and poor patient survival. DLBCL with MYC/BCL2-DH and those with BCL2 translocation alone are most likely derived from follicular lymphoma or its precursor lesion, and acquisition of MYC pathogenic mutations may augment MYC function, resulting in aggressive clinical behaviour.
Biodiversity of protists and nematodes in the wild nonhuman primate gut
Authors: Mann Allison E , Mazel Florent , Lemay Matthew A , Morien Evan , Billy Vincent , Kowalewski Martin , Di Fiore Anthony , Link Andrés , Goldberg Tony L , Tecot Stacey , Baden Andrea L , Gomez Andres , Sauther Michelle L , Cuozzo Frank P , Rice Gillian A O , Dominy Nathaniel J , Stumpf Rebecca , Lewis Rebecca J , Swedell Larissa , Amato Katherine , Wegener Parfrey Laura 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Documenting the natural diversity of eukaryotic organisms in the nonhuman primate (NHP) gut is important for understanding the evolution of the mammalian gut microbiome, its role in digestion, health and disease, and the consequences of anthropogenic change on primate biology and conservation. Despite the ecological significance of gut-associated eukaryotes, little is known about the factors that influence their assembly and diversity in mammals. In this study, we used an 18S rRNA gene fragment metabarcoding approach to assess the eukaryotic assemblage of 62 individuals representing 16 NHP species. We find that cercopithecoids, and especially the cercopithecines, have substantially higher alpha diversity than other NHP groups. Gut-associated protists and nematodes are widespread among NHPs, consistent with their ancient association with NHP hosts. However, we do not find a consistent signal of phylosymbiosis or host-species specificity. Rather, gut eukaryotes are only weakly structured by primate phylogeny with minimal signal from diet, in contrast to previous reports of NHP gut bacteria. The results of this study indicate that gut-associated eukaryotes offer different information than gut-associated bacteria and add to our understanding of the structure of the gut microbiome.
Dwarna: a blockchain solution for dynamic consent in biobanking
Authors: Mamo Nicholas , Martin Gillian M. , Desira Maria , Ellul Bridget , Ebejer Jean-Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDynamic consent aims to empower research partners and facilitate active participation in the research process. Used within the context of biobanking, it gives individuals access to information and control to determine how and where their biospecimens and data should be used. We present Dwarna—a web portal for ‘dynamic consent’ that acts as a hub connecting the different stakeholders of the Malta Biobank: biobank managers, researchers, research partners, and the general public. The portal stores research partners’ consent in a blockchain to create an immutable audit trail of research partners’ consent changes. Dwarna’s structure also presents a solution to the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation’s right to erasure—a right that is seemingly incompatible with the blockchain model. Dwarna’s transparent structure increases trustworthiness in the biobanking process by giving research partners more control over which research studies they participate in, by facilitating the withdrawal of consent and by making it possible to request that the biospecimen and associated data are destroyed.
Continuous strengthening in nanotwinned diamond
Authors: Wen Bin , Xu Bo , Wang Yanbin , Gao Guoying , Zhou Xiang-Feng , Zhao Zhisheng , Tian Yongjun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStrengths of nanograined (ng) and nanotwinned (nt) metals increase with decreasing grain size and twin thickness, respectively, until reaching a critical value, below which strength decreases. This behavior is known as the reverse Hall–Petch effect (RHPE), which has also been observed in nanograined cubic boron nitride (cBN) and diamond. Surprisingly, however, hardness of nt-cBN and nt-diamond increases continuously with decreasing twin thickness down to several nanometers, suggesting the absence of RHPE in these covalent materials. The mechanism responsible for such a behavior remains controversial. Here we investigate the strengthening mechanisms in ng- and nt-diamond using molecular dynamics and first-principles calculations. For ng-diamond, the competition between shuffle-set dislocation (SSD) and grain boundary atom motions gives rise to RHPE. For nt-diamond, SSDs remain dominant but their slips along twin boundaries energetically show no advantage over those along other slip planes. Twin domains are locked and mechanically stable, resisting SSD propagation and inhibiting RHPE. These findings provide new insights into the hardening mechanism of nanotwinned covalent materials.
Retrospective analysis of the development history of the Chinese food additive standards system based on the CODEX principles
Authors: Liu Zhongdong , Liu Boxiang , Chen Gaowei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn 1984, China joined the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), which was established by the United Nations’ World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), which consists of 188 member states and one member organization. Since then, China has taken an active role in various initiatives organized by the Codex Committee on Food Additives (CCFA) and has shared resources and experience with its Codex member states, thus effectively promoting the development of the Chinese food additive standards system. Instead of a country where almost no systematic food additive standard were available, China has become the host country of the CCFA’s sessions. China’s food additive industry is the only one that is supported by international standards, out of the industries of the International Standard Industrial Classification and China’s national economy. Based on this case, four strategic milestones are summarized by retrospectively analyzing the history of the development of Chinese food additive standards from 1978 to the present. China is expected to share its valuable experience and provide references for the improvement of food additive standards systems in multiple developing countries, so promoting food safety and trade harmonization. With the advances in core technologies in the food industry, the future development of food additive standardization is also forecast in this review.
Unlocking latent kinetic information from label-free binding
Authors: Quinn John G. , Steffek Micah , Bruning John M. , Frommlet Alexandra , Mulvihill Melinda M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransient affinity binding interactions are central to life, composing the fundamental elements of biological networks including cell signaling, cell metabolism and gene regulation. Assigning a defined reaction mechanism to affinity binding interactions is critical to our understanding of the associated structure-function relationship, a cornerstone of biophysical characterization. Transient kinetics are currently measured using low throughput methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance, or stop-flow spectrometry-based techniques, which are not practical in many settings. In contrast, label-free biosensors measure reaction kinetics through direct binding, and with higher throughout, impacting life sciences with thousands of publications each year. Here we have developed a methodology enabling label-free biosensors to measure transient kinetic interactions towards providing a higher throughput approach suitable for mechanistic understanding of these processes. The methodology relies on hydrodynamic dispersion modeling of a smooth analyte gradient under conditions that maintain the quasi-steady-state boundary layer assumption. A transient peptide-protein interaction of relevance to drug discovery was analyzed thermodynamically using transition state theory and numerical simulations validated the approach over a wide range of operating conditions. The data establishes the technical feasibility of this approach to transient kinetic analyses supporting further development towards higher throughput applications in life science.