bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping genes for phosphorus utilization and correlated traits using a 4k SNP linkage map in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Vollmar S. , Haas V. , Schmid M. , Preuß S. , Joshi R. , Rodehutscord M. , Bennewitz J. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryA large F2 cross with 920 Japanese quail was used to map QTL for phosphorus utilization, calcium utilization, feed per gain and body weight gain. In addition, four bone ash traits were included, because it is known that they are genetically correlated with the focal trait of phosphorus utilization. Trait recording was done at the juvenile stage of the birds. The individuals were genotyped genome‐wide for about 4k SNPs and a linkage map constructed, which agreed well with the reference genome. QTL linkage mapping was performed using multimarker regression analysis in a line cross model. Single marker association mapping was done within the mapped QTL regions. The results revealed several genome‐wide significant QTL. For the focal trait phosphorus utilization, a QTL on chromosome CJA3 could be detected by linkage mapping, which was substantiated by the results of the SNP association mapping. Four candidate genes were identified for this QTL, which should be investigated in future functional studies. Some overlap of QTL regions for different traits was detected, which is in agreement with the corresponding genetic correlations. It seems that all traits investigated are polygenic in nature with some significant QTL and probably many other small‐effect QTL that were not detectable in this study.
Patients with ventricular assist device and cerebral entrapment—Supporting skullcap reimplantation
Authors: Gyoten Takayuki , Rojas Sebastian V. , Irimie Anca , Schramm René , Morshuis Michiel , Gummert Jan F. , Sitzer Matthias , Fox Henrik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEffects of cranioplasty (CP) and skullcap reimplantation after decompressive craniectomy (DC) for cerebral hemorrhage or malignant brain infarction in patients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support as bridge to transplantation has not been surveyed yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcome and management after CP when aiming for transplantation. Data were collected from our prospective institutional database including all patients undergoing LVAD implantation between 2010 and 2019. Six patients needed CP procedures and were included. Our analysis focused on postoperative outcome, survival, and facilitation of heart transplantation. Study endpoints included also all‐cause mortality. From a total of 1010 LVAD implantations during analysis period in our center, six bridge‐to‐transplantation LVAD patients [median age at LVAD implantation: 32.5 years (IQR: 24.8‐39.5 years); four male, HVAD, n = 3; HM II, n = 1; HM 3, n = 2] underwent CP with imminent entrapment secondary to cerebral hemorrhage or malignant infarction. Primary heart failure etiology was myocarditis (n = 2), dilated (n = 2), or ischemic (n = 2). Median INTERMACS class was 1.5 (IQR; 1.0‐2.8). Median time on LVAD support to DC procedure was 33 months (IQR: 16‐48 months). The indication for DC was intraparenchymal hemorrhage (n = 4), subdural hematoma (n = 1), and malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (n = 1). After a median time of 4 months (IQR: 3.3‐4.0 months, range; 2.0‐10 months) post DC procedure, CP was subsequently performed without profound neurologic disabilities in all patients. After median time of 26 months (IQR: 21‐42 months) follow‐up, three patients successfully received heart transplantation, one patient could undergo LVAD explantation for myocardial recovery, and the remaining two patients are still on the list awaiting heart transplantation. CP procedure with skullcap reimplantation is feasible and can be safely performed in LVAD patients, which subsequently may even be eligible for heart transplantation with beneficial prognosis.
Complex raw materials and the supply system: Mineralogical and geochemical study of the jade artefacts of the Longshan Culture (2400–2000 bce) from Sujiacun site in coastal Shandong, China
Authors: Zhang B. S. , Wu X. T. , Sun Y. F. , Ritchey M. , Fan A. C. , Zhang Y. Y. , Yu G. , Song Y. B. 
Published: November 2020

X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy were employed to analyse the chemical compositions and phase structures of nine pieces of jade artefacts unearthed from Sujiacun, a Longshan Culture (2400–2000 bce) site in coastal Shandong, eastern China. The results of the analyses indicated these samples were primarily made from multiple raw mineral materials, including antigorite, actinolite, clinochlore, turquoise and muscovite. No nephrite was recovered from the Sujiacun site. This is strikingly different from other top‐ranking settlements of Longshan Culture, such as Dantu, Liangchengzhen and Xizhufeng, in which nephrite was the main material of jade artefacts. This may reflect the distinctions in the supply system of jade raw materials among different rankings of Longshan period sites. In addition, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) was used to analyse the composition of the rare earth elements of serpentine jade. These preliminary results were compared with published data on the composition of serpentine jade and it was found that the Sujiacun serpentine jade artefacts were likely sourced from the Taishan jade deposit.
Changes in plant species richness after cessation of forest disturbance
Authors: Vetaas Ole R. , Shrestha Krishna B. , Sharma Lila N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuestionsWhat will happen to species diversity in a forest when exploitation of the canopy foliage terminates? The foliage of the main canopy tree of a mountain evergreen oak forest was harvested at different intensities prior to a forest survey in 1993 and resampled in 2013 after the harvest of canopy foliage ceased (1995). We predict a decrease in herbaceous species richness with increasing canopy cover, and an opposite trend for vines and woody species. We hypothesise that plant species’ alpha and beta diversity will change most in the plots where foliage was most intensively harvested while showing less change in the plots that underwent almost no harvesting.LocationTemperate evergreen laurel–oak forest in the Himalaya, Nepal.MethodsWe resampled all non‐epiphytic vascular plants in 64 plots of 10 m × 10 m in 2013, following the same protocol used in 1993. Plant species were categorised into three life forms; woody (except woody vines), herbaceous, and vines. Uni‐ and multivariate numerical methods were used to assess the significance of the changes in species diversity for different life forms.ResultsVines and woody species increased, whereas herbaceous species decreased, but overall gamma diversity remained unchanged. The overall alpha richness for herbaceous species decreased, while the opposite is true for woody and vine richness. Herbaceous richness decreased and woody richness increased in the areas with low and intermediate disturbance (in 1993), whereas vines remained unchanged. Only vine richness increased in the area that was very disturbed in 1993. Total species richness as well as herbaceous and vine richness decreased with increasing tree canopy cover.ConclusionsPlots that were intensively harvested in 1993 did not recover their richness because vines dominated the forest floor. Management should prevent overexploitation, and only allow low‐intensity canopy disturbance, which may facilitate habitat diversity and thereby enhance species richness.
Analysis of clustered interval‐censored data using a class of semiparametric partly linear frailty transformation models
Authors: Lee Chun Yin , Wong Kin Yau , Lam K. F. , Xu Jinfeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA flexible class of semiparametric partly linear frailty transformation models is considered for analyzing clustered interval‐censored data, which arise naturally in complex diseases and dental research. This class of models features two nonparametric components, resulting in a nonparametric baseline survival function and a potential nonlinear effect of a continuous covariate. The dependence among failure times within a cluster is induced by a shared, unobserved frailty term. A sieve maximum likelihood estimation method based on piecewise linear functions is proposed. The proposed estimators of the regression, dependence, and transformation parameters are shown to be strongly consistent and asymptotically normal, whereas the estimators of the two nonparametric functions are strongly consistent with optimal rates of convergence. An extensive simulation study is conducted to study the finite‐sample performance of the proposed estimators. We provide an application to a dental study for illustration.
‘Just knowing’ and the challenges of giving medicines to children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities: A hermeneutic inquiry
Authors: Doyle Carmel 
Published: November 2020

Accessible summary

I asked mothers to speak to me about their experience of giving medicines to their child with severe and profound intellectual disabilities.

Mothers told me their instincts often tell them how their child is and they also talked about the challenges in giving medicines every day.

The findings from this study show how important it is that professionals understand how difficult it can be.

It is essential that we support mothers to "give medicines."

AbstractBackgroundChildren with severe and profound intellectual disabilities experience multiple chronic health conditions requiring a variety of medications. The aim of this study was to explore mothers' lived experience of giving medicines to children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities.Materials and MethodsA hermeneutic phenomenological approach was adopted with a purposeful sample of 15 mothers adopted. Face‐to‐face interviews and participant diaries were utilised for data collection.ResultsThemes were identified with one being that of "lived body" exploring how mothers "just know" or use their instincts and also the challenges they encountered in daily life when giving medicines.ConclusionsThis paper provides insight into the complexity of giving medicines to children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities and the level of support required by mothers.
DGT, a novel heterocyclic diterpenoid, effectively suppresses psoriasis via inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation
Authors: Bian Gang , Wang Lidan , Xie Qing , Wang Yanping , Feng Haimei , Yu Yunhui , Chen Zijun , Deng Shiping , Li Yunsen 
Published: November 2020

Background and PurposePsoriasis is a chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory skin disease that easily recurs and is difficult to cure. DGT is a novel synthetic heterocyclic diterpenoid, whose structure has not been previously reported. We have investigated the action of DGT against psoriasis, specifically the hyperproliferation of epidermal keratinocytes, angiogenesis and pathogenic inflammatory responses.Experimental ApproachWe investigated its pharmacokinetics in skin after topical administration. We characterized its pharmacological actions in vitro and in vivo using cell proliferation assay, cell apoptosis assay, diethylstilbestrol‐induced mouse vaginal epithelial cell mitosis model, tube formation assay, cell migration assay, chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, histological, flow cytometric analysis and imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis‐like model.Key ResultsDGT was found to be mainly distributed in the epidermis and dermis, which indicated that DGT was suitable as a topical treatment. DGT inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death of keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, DGT inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, tube formation and migration of in vitro angiogenesis, as well as in vivo CAM angiogenesis. In an IMQ‐induced psoriasis‐like skin inflammation murine model, topical application of DGT ameliorated keratinocyte proliferation and inflammatory response, especially in IL‐17‐related psoriasiform dermatitis. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that DGT prevented these pathological processes of psoriasis through suppression of STAT3 phosphorylation.Conclusion and ImplicationsDGT has great potential as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of psoriatic skin disease.
Awareness and knowledge of developmental coordination disorder: A survey of caregivers, teachers, allied health professionals and medical professionals in Australia
Authors: Hunt Jacqui , Zwicker Jill G , Godecke Erin , Raynor Annette 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo allow for accurate and timely diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) key stakeholders must be familiar with and be able to identify features of this disorder. No studies to date have investigated the awareness of DCD among key stakeholders in Australia.MethodsAn online survey was complete by 494 Australian participants: primary caregivers (n = 153), teachers (n = 149), allied health professionals (n = 165) and medical professionals (n = 27).ResultsDCD and related terms were among the least known childhood disorders. Approximately half of the sample were familiar with the term DCD but every stakeholder group were more familiar with the term dyspraxia. Allied health professionals demonstrated greater knowledge of the features of DCD, particularly motor features. Every stakeholder group showed poor recognition of the social and psychological effects of DCD. A relatively low percentage of allied health (53%) and medical (33%) professionals reported they had identified or diagnosed DCD and less than 20% of these felt that the DSM‐5 contained adequate information to make a DCD diagnosis. Most teachers (82%) believed they should play a role in identifying early warning signs of this disorder, and 80% believed there are children in the school system who were labelled as lazy or defiant when they have motor skills impairments. Primary caregivers were supportive of a diagnosis of DCD being provided; however, only 16% were confident that a physician would provide an accurate and timely diagnosis.ConclusionKey stakeholders play a unique and important role in the identification of children with DCD. Though most participants acknowledge the role that they play, all stakeholder groups demonstrated poor familiarity with the term DCD and low levels of knowledge about the features of this disorder. Improved familiarity and knowledge of the disorder is needed for access to appropriate services and improved long‐term outcomes for this condition.
Bos d 11 in baked milk poses a risk for adverse reactions in milk‐allergic patients
Authors: Hindley James P. , Oliver Maria A. , Thorpe Cathy , Cullinane Angharad , Wuenschmann Sabina , Chapman Martin D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients are commonly challenged with foods containing baked milk, for example muffins, yet little is known about the specific allergen content of muffins used in milk challenges or of the effect that baking has on allergenicity.ObjectiveOur objective was to compare the levels of major milk allergens in uncooked and baked muffins using monoclonal immunoassays and IgE antibody binding before and after baking.MethodsUncooked and baked muffins were prepared using recipes from Mount Sinai and Imperial College. Allergen levels were compared by ELISA for Bos d 5 (β‐lactoglobulin) and Bos d 11 (β‐casein). IgE reactivity was assessed using sera from milk‐sensitized donors in direct binding and inhibition ELISA.ResultsBos d 5 was reduced from 680 µg/g in uncooked muffin mix to 0.17 µg/g in baked muffins, representing a >99% decrease after baking. Conversely, Bos d 11 levels in baked muffin remained high and only decreased by 30% from a mean of 4249 µg/g in uncooked muffin mix to 2961 µg/g when baked (~181 mg Bos d 11 per muffin). Baked muffins retained ~70% of the IgE binding to uncooked muffin mix. Baked muffin extract inhibited IgE binding to uncooked muffin mix by up to 80%, demonstrating retention of in vitro IgE reactivity.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceHigh levels of Bos d 11 in baked muffins pose a risk for adverse reactions, especially in patients who have high anti‐casein IgE antibodies.
Identification of the third FGF9 variant in a girl with multiple synostosis–comparison of the genotype:phenotype of FGF9 variants in humans and mice
Authors: Sentchordi‐Montané Lucia , Diaz‐Gonzalez Francisca , Cátedra‐Vallés Elena V. , Heath Karen E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMultiple synostosis syndrome (SYNS) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders mainly characterized by multiple joint synostosis due to variants in either NOG, GDF5, FGF9 or GDF6. To date, only two FGF9 variants have been associated with SYNS, characterized with hand and feet joint synostosis and fusion of the elbow and vertebral lumbar joints. Craniosynostosis was also observed in one family. Here, we report the clinical and radiological description of a young girl with a third heterozygous FGF9 variant, NM_002010.2:c.427A>T;p.(Asn143Tyr), which interestingly, is located at the same amino acid as the well characterized spontaneous Eks mouse variant. We also compare the genotype: phenotypes observed between humans and mice with SYNS.
Wavelet‐based Heat Kernel Derivatives: Towards Informative Localized Shape Analysis
Authors: Kirgo Maxime , Melzi Simone , Patanè Giuseppe , Rodolà Emanuele , Ovsjanikov Maks 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new construction for the Mexican hat wavelets on shapes with applications to partial shape matching. Our approach takes its main inspiration from the well‐established methodology of diffusion wavelets. This novel construction allows us to rapidly compute a multi‐scale family of Mexican hat wavelet functions, by approximating the derivative of the heat kernel. We demonstrate that this leads to a family of functions that inherit many attractive properties of the heat kernel (e.g. local support, ability to recover isometries from a single point, efficient computation). Due to its natural ability to encode high‐frequency details on a shape, the proposed method reconstructs and transfers ‐functions more accurately than the Laplace‐Beltrami eigenfunction basis and other related bases. Finally, we apply our method to the challenging problems of partial and large‐scale shape matching. An extensive comparison to the state‐of‐the‐art shows that it is comparable in performance, while both simpler and much faster than competing approaches.
Survey to define informational needs of patients undergoing surgery for Crohn’s anal fistula
Authors: Lee Matthew J. , Jones Georgina L. , Lobo Alan J. , Brown Steven R. ,   the pCD collaborators
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThere are many surgical treatments used in Crohn's anal fistula, although none is perfect. Decisions about surgery in this condition may be preference sensitive. The aim of this study was to identify what information patients would like in order to make treatment decisions and to explore experiences of making decisions in this setting.MethodA survey was designed based upon qualitative interviews and input from patients and clinicians. It included a long list of informational items to be ranked on a scale of importance, a control preference scale, the decision regret scale, and items exploring preferred information formats. This was distributed through 10 English hospitals to patients with recent surgical treatment for Crohn's anal fistula. Results were analysed using principal component analysis, to identify key informational needs, and other appropriate descriptive statistics.ResultsIn total 92 questionnaires were returned (response rate 41.8%); 48 (52.5%) respondents were women and 54 (58.7%) had undergone seton insertion. Principal component analysis identified three information needs: wound and aftercare, effect on perianal symptoms, severity of surgery. Decision‐making preferences showed a desire to participate in decision‐making. Median decision regret score was 25/100 (i.e., low). The preferred format for sharing information to support decision‐making was from the surgeon, 80/92 (87.0%), and from a booklet, 58/92 (63.0%).ConclusionKey informational needs in this condition are wound and after care, effect on perianal symptoms, and severity of surgery. Patients would like this information to help engage in shared decision‐making.
Holographic Declarative Memory: Distributional Semantics as the Architecture of Memory
Authors: Kelly Mary Alexandria , Arora Nipun , West Robert L. , Reitter David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate that the key components of cognitive architectures (declarative and procedural memory) and their key capabilities (learning, memory retrieval, probability judgment, and utility estimation) can be implemented as algebraic operations on vectors and tensors in a high‐dimensional space using a distributional semantics model. High‐dimensional vector spaces underlie the success of modern machine learning techniques based on deep learning. However, while neural networks have an impressive ability to process data to find patterns, they do not typically model high‐level cognition, and it is often unclear how they work. Symbolic cognitive architectures can capture the complexities of high‐level cognition and provide human‐readable, explainable models, but scale poorly to naturalistic, non‐symbolic, or big data. Vector‐symbolic architectures, where symbols are represented as vectors, bridge the gap between the two approaches. We posit that cognitive architectures, if implemented in a vector‐space model, represent a useful, explanatory model of the internal representations of otherwise opaque neural architectures. Our proposed model, Holographic Declarative Memory (HDM), is a vector‐space model based on distributional semantics. HDM accounts for primacy and recency effects in free recall, the fan effect in recognition, probability judgments, and human performance on an iterated decision task. HDM provides a flexible, scalable alternative to symbolic cognitive architectures at a level of description that bridges symbolic, quantum, and neural models of cognition.
Using Theory of Change to improve post‐2020 conservation: A proposed framework and recommendations for use
Authors: Rice Wayne Stanley , Sowman Merle R. , Bavinck Maarten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContemporary conservation must address social well‐being while still protecting biodiversity. Accordingly, the objective of the Convention on Biological Diversity's recent Zero Draft Post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework is to sustainably meet the needs of people while reducing biodiversity loss. However, frequent “failures” in achieving this social‐ecological balance necessitates more holistic, systematic, and adaptive post‐2020 conservation interventions. The Theory of Change (ToC) approach provides a useful and flexible tool to support this endeavor. However, debate persists over its usefulness, and “best” manner of use. This paper explores the elements of, and proposes a framework for developing robust conservation ToC pathways. The framework emphasizes the importance of producing a shared vision of desired results and actions, and associated causal assumptions, among actors. Furthermore, evaluation is considered key to informing required ongoing adaptation to better achieve desired results. The paper also critically explores the challenges associated with ToC, and makes recommendations for its improved use in post‐2020 conservation. In particular, we aim to inform the implementation and mainstreaming of the Post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, especially at a national‐ and local‐level. The framework and discussion should be relevant to a broad range of conservation actors at various scales that must address linked social and ecological objectives.