bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inconsistencies
Authors: Steinweg Marcus 
Published: August 2020

Meditations, aphorisms, maxims, notes, and comments construct a philosophy of thought congruent with the inconsistency of our reality.
Those who continue to think never return to their point of departure.
—Inconsistencies
These 130 short texts—aphoristic, interlacing, and sometimes perplexing—target a perennial philosophical problem: Our consciousness and our experience of reality are inconsistent, fragmentary, and unstable; God is dead, and our identity as subjects discordant. How can we establish a new mode of thought that does not cling to new gods or the false security of rationality? Marcus Steinweg, as he did in his earlier book The Terror of Evidence, constructs a philosophical position from fragments, maxims, meditations, and notes, formulating a philosophy of thought that expresses and enacts the inconsistency of our reality.

Steinweg considers, among other topics, life as a game (“To think is to play because no thought is firmly grounded”); sexuality (“wasteful, contradictory, and contingent”); desire (”Desire has a thousand names; It's earned none of them”); reality (“overdetermined and excessively complex”); and world (“a nonconcept”). He disposes of philosophy in one sentence (“Philosophy is a continual process of its own redefinition.”) but spends multiple pages on “A Tear in Immanence,” invoking Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre, and others. He describes “Wandering with Foucault” (“Thought entails wandering as well as straying into madness”) and brings together Derrida and Debord. He poses a question: “Why should a cat be more mysterious than a dog?” and later answers one: “Beauty is truth because truth is beauty.” By the end, we have accompanied Steinweg on converging trains of thought. “Thinking means continuing to think,” he writes, adding “But thinking can only pose questions by answering others.” The question of inconsistency? Asked and answered, and asked.
Positive Nihilism
Authors: Lange Hartmut 
Published: August 2020

A German writer's aphoristic, poetic, and difficult reflections on Heidegger's Being and Time.
There is a beyond of reason and unreason. It is the human psyche.
—Positive Nihilism
Like many German intellectuals, Hartmut Lange has long grappled with Heidegger. Positive Nihilism is the result of a lifetime of reading Being and Time and offers a series of reflections that are aphoristic, poetic, and (appropriately, considering his object of study) difficult. Lange begins with an abyss (“There is an abyss of the finite. It is temporality”) and proceeds almost immediately to extremity: “The twentieth century was governed by psychopaths. They collapsed the boundaries of moral reason and refuted Kant's analysis of consciousness.” He reflects further: “But who shall punish whom? One man's virtue is another man's crime. Thus Hitler could feel unwaveringly, as he wiped out entire populations, the starry sky above him and the moral law within him, as stipulated by Kant.” He considers the concept of civilization (“misleading”; “how should one oppose the remedies of civilization to the egomania, the murderous appetites of such outright psychopaths as Stalin or Pol Pot?”), the act of thinking (a fata morgana), the psyche, and Heidegger's Dasein.
Positive Nihilism can be considered a pocket companion to Being and Time. “Heidegger's understanding of Being is nihilistic,” Lange writes, and then explains his assertion. He draws on Kant, Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, and Shakespeare's Othello for supporting arguments and illustrations. “Everyone is possessed of the courage to have angst about death. The question is whether this courage necessarily secures those vital advantages Heidegger alleges”–that “self-understanding [is] the mental anticipation of death.” Lange wrestles with Heidegger's position, calling on Tolstoy, Georg Trakl, Herman Bang, and Heinrich von Kleist to argue against it.
Contraception
Authors: Drucker Donna J. 
Published: August 2020

The development, manufacturing, and use of contraceptive methods from the late nineteenth century to the present, viewed from the perspective of reproductive justice.
The beginning of the modern contraceptive era began in 1882, when Dr. Aletta Jacobs opened the first birth control clinic in Amsterdam. The founding of this facility, and the clinical provision of contraception that it enabled, marked the moment when physicians started to take the prevention of pregnancy seriously as a medical concern. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Donna Drucker traces the history of modern contraception, outlining the development, manufacturing, and use of contraceptive methods from the opening of Dr. Jacobs's clinic to the present. Drucker approaches the subject from the perspective of reproductive justice: the right to have a child, the right not to have a child, and the right to parent children safely and healthily.
Drucker describes contraceptive methods available before the pill, including the diaphragm (dispensed at the Jacobs clinic) and condom, spermicidal jellies, and periodic abstinences. She looks at the development and dissemination of the pill and its chemical descendants; describes technological developments in such non-hormonal contraceptives as the cervical cap and timing methods (including the “rhythm method” favored by the Roman Catholic church); and explains the concept of reproductive justice. Finally, Drucker considers the future of contraception—the adaptations of existing methods, new forms of distribution, and ongoing efforts needed to support contraceptive access worldwide.
Kinds Come First
Authors: Kagan Jerome 
Published: August 2020

An argument that the meaning of a psychological or biological measure depends on the age, gender class, and ethnicity of the human subject.
In Kinds Come First, the distinguished psychologist Jerome Kagan argues that—contrary to the common assumption—age, gender, social class, and ethnicity affect the outcomes of psychological measures, and he questions the popular practice that uses statistical procedures to remove the effects of these categories to confirm a favored predictor-outcome relation. The idea that psychological measures have meanings that transcend the kinds of subjects, Kagan writes, reflects a premature hope of discovering broadly generalizable conclusions. In Kinds Come First, Kagan hopes to persuade investigators otherwise.
Kagan examines the unique properties of the four categories, making the case that life stage, gender, class, and ethnicity affect psychological measures in complex, nontrivial ways. He discusses the relevance of a person's developmental stage to many outcomes, focusing on the interval from five to twelve months, when working memory and the ability to relate the past to the present expands. He cites evidence suggesting that a person's gender, class of rearing, and ethnicity, within a particular society, are better predictors of health, arrest record, cognitive skills, and current life satisfaction than either their genomes or answers to a personality questionnaire.
Finally, Kagan argues, the biological properties that are more common in one gender, class, or ethnic group, are not a defensible basis for restricting access to an educational program, vocation, or position of authority. A society can ignore such differences in order to honor an ethical imperative for equality without incurring serious costs.
Hospital of the Transfiguration
Authors: Lem Stanisław 
Published: August 2020

An early realist novel by Stanisław Lem, taking place in a Polish psychiatric hospital during World War II.
Taking place within the confines of a psychiatric hospital, Stanisław Lem's The Hospital of the Transfiguration tells the story of a young doctor working in a Polish asylum during World War II. At first the asylum seems like a bucolic refuge, but a series of sinister encounters and incidents reveal an underlying brutality. The doctor begins to seek relief in the strange conversation of the poet Sekulowski, who is posing as a patient in a bid for safety from the occupying German forces. Meanwhile, Resistance fighters stockpile weapons in the surrounding woods.
A very early work by Lem, The Hospital of the Transfiguration is partly autobiographical, drawing on the author's experiences as a medical student. Written in 1948, it was suppressed by Polish censors and not published until 1955. The censorship of this realist novel is partly what led Lem to focus on science fiction and nonfiction for the rest of his career.
Cognition in the Wild
Authors: Hutchins Edwin 
Published: August 2020

Edwin Hutchins combines his background as an anthropologist and an open ocean racing sailor and navigator in this account of how anthropological methods can be combined with cognitive theory to produce a new reading of cognitive science. His theoretical insights are grounded in an extended analysis of ship navigation—its computational basis, its historical roots, its social organization, and the details of its implementation in actual practice aboard large ships. The result is an unusual interdisciplinary approach to cognition in culturally constituted activities outside the laboratory—"in the wild."
Hutchins examines a set of phenomena that have fallen in the cracks between the established disciplines of psychology and anthropology, bringing to light a new set of relationships between culture and cognition. The standard view is that culture affects the cognition of individuals. Hutchins argues instead that cultural activity systems have cognitive properties of their own that are different from the cognitive properties of the individuals who participate in them. Each action for bringing a large naval vessel into port, for example, is informed by culture: the navigation team can be seen as a cognitive and computational system.
Introducing Navy life and work on the bridge, Hutchins makes a clear distinction between the cognitive properties of an individual and the cognitive properties of a system. In striking contrast to the usual laboratory tasks of research in cognitive science, he applies the principal metaphor of cognitive science—cognition as computation (adopting David Marr's paradigm)—to the navigation task. After comparing modern Western navigation with the method practiced in Micronesia, Hutchins explores the computational and cognitive properties of systems that are larger than an individual. He then turns to an analysis of learning or change in the organization of cognitive systems at several scales. Hutchins's conclusion illustrates the costs of ignoring the cultural nature of cognition, pointing to the ways in which contemporary cognitive science can be transformed by new meanings and interpretations.
Bradford Books imprint
Creative Cognition
Authors: Finke Ronald A. , Ward Thomas B. , Smith Steven M. 
Published: August 2020

Creative Cognition combines original experiments with existing work in cognitive psychology to provide the first explicit account of the cognitive processes and structures that contribute to creative thinking and discovery.
Creative Cognition combines original experiments with existing work in cognitive psychology to provide the first explicit account of the cognitive processes and structures that contribute to creative thinking and discovery.
In separate chapters, the authors take up visualization, concept formation, categorization, memory retrieval, and problem solving. They describe novel experimental methods for studying creative cognitive processes under controlled laboratory conditions, along with techniques that can be used to generate many different types of inventions and concepts. Unlike traditional approaches, Creative Cognition considers creativity as a product of numerous cognitive processes, each of which helps to set the stage for insight and discovery. It identifies many of these processes as well as general principles of creative cognition that can be applied across a variety of different domains, with examples in artificial intelligence, engineering design, product development, architecture, education, and the visual arts.
Following a summary of previous approaches to creativity, the authors present a theoretical model of the creative process. They review research involving an innovative imagery recombination technique, developed by Finke, that clearly demonstrates that creative inventions can be induced in the laboratory. They then describe experiments in category learning that support the provocative claim that the factors constraining category formation similarly constrain imagination and illustrate the role of various memory processes and other strategies in creative problem solving.
Bradford Books imprint
Opioid-Induced Sickle Cell Crisis With Multiple, Life-threatening Complications
Authors: Haggerty Ashley Griswold , Koons Andrew , Beauchamp Gillian , Cook Matthew D. , Cannon Robert D. , Katz Kenneth D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The risk of opioid use disorder among patients with sickle cell disease who are treated with chronic opioids remains unclear, but the complications associated with opioid use and overdose can be accentuated in those with sickle cell disease. In this case report, we describe a 13-year-old girl with sickle cell disease who presented to the emergency department after a morphine overdose causing renal infarction, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.
Nephroprotective Property of C. chayamansa Aqueous Leaf Extract in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Dabak Jonathan Dingkwoet , Kuyambana Rose Titus , Johnson Titilayo Omolara , Dabal Jonathan Latrwang 
Published: August 2020

Aim: To evaluate the nephroprotective property of Cnidoscolus chayamansa aqueous leaf extract in diabetic rats.
Study Design: Rats were randomly divided into five groups with group 1 as the normal control. Diabetic was induced in groups 2-4. Group 2 was used as the test control while groups 3 and 4 were treated with different concentrations of the leaf extract; group 5 was treated with the standard drug, glipizide.
Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Biochemistry and Anatomy, University of Jos, Nigeria, between August to November, 2019.
Methodology: Fourty (40) male albino Wistar rats were grouped into five groups. The rats were treated for fourteen days and then sacrificed by decapitation after anaesthesia. Blood was collected for biochemical parameters; kidney was excised and stored in formaldehyde until required for histopathological study. Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate were determined using appropriate methods.
Results: The test control had a significant (P < .05) decrease in the concentrations of Na+, Cl- and HCO3- ions; significant (P < .05) increases in serum K+ ion, urea, uric acid and creatinine. Treatments of the test groups with the different doses of the leaf extract and the standard drug increased the concentration of Na+ ion which was not significantly (P < .05) different from the test control. On the other hand, the concentration of Cl- and HCO- ions were significantly (P < .05) increased; the concentrations of K+, urea, uric acid and creatinine were significantly (P < .05) decreased. The histochemistry of the kidneys revealed that the injury brought about under diabetic condition was ameliorated with the treatments with the low and high doses of the leaf extract, and the standard drug.
Conclusion: The results show that the aqueous leaf extract has nephroprotective property.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Potentials of Ocimum gratissimum and Xylopia aethiopica in Alcohol- Induced Hepatotoxic Albino Rats
Authors: Chuks-Oguine N. C. , Bartimaeus E. S. , Nwachuku E. O. 
Published: August 2020

Aims: This study evaluated the antioxidant potentials of Ocimum gratissimum and Xylopia aethiopica on Alcohol-induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino rats.
Study Design: The study is an experimental case-controlled study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Physiology, University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.
Methodology: Fifty-five (55) healthy adult male albino rats with an average weight of about 150-200 g were used for the study. They were divided into 11 groups of 5 Rats each and subjected to different treatments of the aforementioned herbs. All the animals received humane treatments according to the criteria outlined in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by the National Institute of Health. Fresh leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Xylopia aethiopica were bought from the Mile 3 market in Port-Harcourt. The herbs were separately extracted using maceration method. Absolute ethanol at a volume of 1 ml/kg (0.79 g/kg) was used to induce hepatotoxicity in rats. At the end of the treatment period, rats in all the groups were anaesthetized with chloroform and blood samples collected by jugular puncture. Total antioxidant capacity was analyzed using colorimetric method, whilst, malondialdehyde levels were determined using ELISA method. SPSS version 22.0 was used to analyse data generated and p values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: Results show that intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml/kg ethanol significantly raised plasma MDA levels and significantly decreased TAOC in induced rats. Treatment with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg b.wt. of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum and Xylopia aethiopica however effectively reduced ethanol induced raised activity of the MDA levels and increased the activity of TAOC in the rats, but the effects were not dose dependent and a combination of both herbs did not produce better therapeutic effect.
Conclusion: Based on our findings, we conclude that Ocimum gratissimum and Xylopia aethiopica used separately could reduce oxidative stress in alcohol induced hepatotoxic rats.
Knowledge and Awareness of Monosodium Glutamate (Ajinomoto Salt) among Students
Authors: Sivaharini S. , Ganapathy Dhanraj 
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of monosodium glutamate(MSG) (Ajinomoto salt) among dental students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 dental undergraduate students in Chennai. A pre-structured questionnaire was used for the survey. The responses were obtained and the data were extracted and analyzed statistically for understanding about MSG among students as well as their attitudes toward MSG. 56% of participants were aware and 25% were not and the remaining 19% of participants were heard somewhat. We concluded that the level of awareness about the health hazards caused by the consumption of products containing Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) as a food additive was not adequate.
The structure of myeloid cell‐specific TNF inhibitors affects their biological properties
Authors: Vasilenko Ekaterina A. , Gorshkova Ekaterina N. , Astrakhantseva Irina V. , Drutskaya Marina S. , Tillib Sergei V. , Nedospasov Sergei A. , Mokhonov Vladislav V. 
Published: August 2020

Spatial organization and conformational changes of antibodies may significantly affect their biological functions. We assessed the effect of mutual organization of the two VHH domains within bispecific antibodies recognizing human TNF and the surface molecules of murine myeloid cells (F4/80 or CD11b) on TNF retention and inhibition. TNF‐neutralizing properties in vitro and in vivo of MYSTI‐2 and MYSTI‐3 antibodies were compared with new variants with interchanged VHH domains and different linker sequences. The most effective structure of MYSTI‐2 and MYSTI‐3 proteins required the Ser/Gly‐containing ‘superflexible’ linker. The orientation of the modules was crucial for the activity of the proteins, but not for MYSTI‐3 with the Pro/Gln‐containing ‘semi‐rigid’ linker. Our results may contribute toward the development of more effective drug prototypes.
Cryo‐electron microscopy visualization of a large insertion in the 5S ribosomal RNA of the extremely halophilic archaeon Halococcus morrhuae
Authors: Tirumalai Madhan R. , Kaelber Jason T. , Park Donghyun R. , Tran Quyen , Fox George E. 
Published: August 2020

The extreme halophile Halococcus morrhuae (ATCC® 17082) contains a 108‐nucleotide insertion in its 5S rRNA. Large rRNA expansions in Archaea are rare. This one almost doubles the length of the 5S rRNA. In order to understand how such an insertion is accommodated in the ribosome, we obtained a cryo‐electron microscopy reconstruction of the native large subunit at subnanometer resolution. The insertion site forms a four‐way junction that fully preserves the canonical 5S rRNA structure. Moving away from the junction site, the inserted region is conformationally flexible and does not pack tightly against the large subunit. The high‐salt requirement of the H. morrhuae ribosomes for their stability conflicted with the low‐salt threshold for cryo‐electron microscopy procedures. Despite this obstacle, this is the first cryo‐electron microscopy map of Halococcus ribosomes.
Early Committed Clockwise Cell Chirality Upregulates Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Bao Yuanye , Wu Siying , Chu Lok Ting , Kwong Hoi Kwan , Hartanto Hogi , Huang Yaozhun , Lam Miu Ling , Lam Raymond H. W. , Chen Ting‐Hsuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCell chirality is observed with diverse forms and coordinates various left‐right (LR) asymmetry in tissue morphogenesis. To give rise to such diversity, cell chirality may be coupled with cell differentiation. Here, using micropatterned human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), an early committed clockwise (CW) cell chirality that can itself upregulate the adipogenic differentiation is reported. hMSC chirality enables a positively tilted chiral orientation on micropatterned stripes. When cultured as single cells on circular micropatterns, an anticlockwise (ACW)‐biased nucleus rotation and swirling pattern of actin filament are observed. Interestingly, with adipogenic induction for 3–6 days, such chirality is reversed to negative chiral orientation and CW‐biased rotation, which is earlier than the maturation of other differentiation markers, and consistently expressed in terminally differentiated adipocytes. Using latrunculin A (LatA), cytochalasin D (CD), and nocodazole (Noco) that forces a CW‐biased actin filament and nucleus rotation resembling the early differentiated chirality upon adipogenic induction, an upregulation of adipogenic differentiation is found. The result demonstrates that the early differentiated chirality may serve as a mechanical precursor to engage the lineage commitment, suggesting a feedback mechanism of chiral actin in regulating cell differentiation and LR morphogenesis.
Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration: A Road from Bench to Bedside
Authors: Aprile Paola , Letourneur Didier , Simon‐Yarza Teresa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBone resorption can negatively influence the osseointegration of dental implants. Barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR) are used to exclude nonosteogenic tissues from influencing the bone healing process. In addition to the existing barrier membranes available on the market, a growing variety of membranes for GBR with tailorable physicochemical properties are under preclinical evaluation. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of materials used for GBR and to report the main industrial and regulatory aspects allowing the commercialization of these medical devices (MDs). In particular, a summary of the main attributes defining a GBR membrane is reported along with a description of commercially available and under development membranes. Finally, strategies for the scaling‐up of the manufacturing process and the regulatory framework of the main MD producers (USA, EU, Japan, China, and India) are presented. The description of the regulatory approval process of GBR membranes is representative of the typical path that medium‐ to high‐risk MDs have to follow for an effective medical translation, which is of fundamental importance to increase the impact of biomedical research on public health.