bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prototype REBCO Z1 and Z2 shim coils for ultra high-field high-temperature superconducting NMR magnets
Authors: Park Dongkeun , Lee Jiho , Bascuñán Juan , Li Zhuyong , Iwasa Yukikazu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present promising results of novel high-temperature superconducting (HTS) shim coil prototypes that circumvent the size and strength limitation of our earlier innovative HTS shim concept based on 46-mm wide REBCO tape. The HTS shim coil is placed inside the HTS magnet, mainly for ultra-high-field (> 1 GHz or 23.5 T) NMR magnets, and thus unaffected from the windings’ diamagnetic wall effects. One full-scale version will be applied to clean up Z1 and Z2 harmonic errors in the MIT 1.3-GHz high-resolution NMR magnet composed of an 835-MHz HTS insert, while another version for an MIT 1-GHz microcoil NMR magnet whose small-scale model we are currently building. The prototype sets were wound with a 2-pile, 1.03-mm wide, 0.30-mm thick REBCO conductor. Operated at 77 K, the Z1 shim set generated a 1st harmonic field strength of 179 kHz/cm at 70 A, while the Z2 shim set, composed of two pairs, Z21 and Z22, generated the 2nd harmonic field of 141 kHz/cm2 at 50 A. Together with discussion on technical challenges for this REBCO shim coil concept, we demonstrate its feasibility for the next generation of ultra-high-field (UHF) HTS NMR magnets.
Impact of individual demographic and social factors on human–wildlife interactions: a comparative study of three macaque species
Authors: Balasubramaniam Krishna N. , Marty Pascal R. , Samartino Shelby , Sobrino Alvaro , Gill Taniya , Ismail Mohammed , Saha Rajarshi , Beisner Brianne A. , Kaburu Stefano S. K. , Bliss-Moreau Eliza , Arlet Malgorzata E. , Ruppert Nadine , Ismail Ahmad , Sah Shahrul Anuar Mohd , Mohan Lalit , Rattan Sandeep K. , Kodandaramaiah Ullasa , McCowan Brenda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite increasing conflict at human–wildlife interfaces, there exists little research on how the attributes and behavior of individual wild animals may influence human–wildlife interactions. Adopting a comparative approach, we examined the impact of animals’ life-history and social attributes on interactions between humans and (peri)urban macaques in Asia. For 10 groups of rhesus, long-tailed, and bonnet macaques, we collected social behavior, spatial data, and human–interaction data for 11–20 months on pre-identified individuals. Mixed-model analysis revealed that, across all species, males and spatially peripheral individuals interacted with humans the most, and that high-ranking individuals initiated more interactions with humans than low-rankers. Among bonnet macaques, but not rhesus or long-tailed macaques, individuals who were more well-connected in their grooming network interacted more frequently with humans than less well-connected individuals. From an evolutionary perspective, our results suggest that individuals incurring lower costs related to their life-history (males) and resource-access (high rank; strong social connections within a socially tolerant macaque species), but also higher costs on account of compromising the advantages of being in the core of their group (spatial periphery), are the most likely to take risks by interacting with humans in anthropogenic environments. From a conservation perspective, evaluating individual behavior will better inform efforts to minimize conflict-related costs and zoonotic-risk.
Hydrothermal synthesis of novel 1-aminoperylene diimide/TiO2/MoS2 composite with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Ma Yongshan , Wang Yue , Jiang Tianyi , Zhang Fengxia , Li Xuemei , Zhu Yanyan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract1-aminoperylene diimide/TiO2/MoS2composite (NH2-PDI/TiO2/MoS2) with ordered structure was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method. The composite was characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, XPS, BET, DRS, PL, EIS, Raman, photocurrent, and Mott-Schottky plots spectroscopy. The potential positions of the conduction and valence bands, and the band gap energy of the semiconductors were estimated. The composite exhibited higher photocatalytic activity compared with the mono-component systems. The apparent rate constants (k) were determined as 0.00616, 0.00352, 0.00738, 0.00517, 0.00752, and 0.00806 min−1for TiO2, NH2-PDI, NH2-PDI/TiO2, MoS2, MoS2/TiO2, and NH2-PDI/TiO2/MoS2, respectively. The detection of radical scavengers confirmed that superoxide radicals, photogenerated holes, and photogenerated electrons were the main active substances for MB degradation. Between type II- heterojunction mechanism and Z-scheme mechanism, the latter could explain the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the composite better. The Z-scheme mechanism accumulates more electrons at CB level of NH2-PDI and hence generates more super oxide radicals.
DNA metabarcoding uncovers fungal diversity in soils of protected and non-protected areas on Deception Island, Antarctica
Authors: Rosa Luiz Henrique , da Silva Thamar Holanda , Ogaki Mayara Baptistucci , Pinto Otávio Henrique Bezerra , Stech Michael , Convey Peter , Carvalho-Silva Micheline , Rosa Carlos Augusto , Câmara Paulo E. A. S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe assessed soil fungal diversity at two sites on Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica using DNA metabarcoding analysis. The first site was a relatively undisturbed area, and the second was much more heavily impacted by research and tourism. We detected 346 fungal amplicon sequence variants dominated by the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota and Chytridiomycota. We also detected taxa belonging to the rare phyla Mucoromycota and Rozellomycota, which have been difficult to detect in Antarctica by traditional isolation methods. Cladosporium sp., Pseudogymnoascus roseus, Leotiomycetes sp. 2, Penicillium sp., Mortierella sp. 1, Mortierella sp. 2, Pseudogymnoascus appendiculatus and Pseudogymnoascus sp. were the most dominant fungi. In addition, 440,153 of the total of 1,214,875 reads detected could be classified only at the level of Fungi. In both sampling areas the DNA of opportunistic, phytopathogenic and symbiotic fungi were detected, which might have been introduced by human activities, transported by birds or wind, and/or represent resident fungi not previously reported from Antarctica. Further long-term studies are required to elucidate how biological colonization in the island may be affected by climatic changes and/or other anthropogenic influences.
Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on kidney transplant rates and clinical outcomes among waitlisted candidates in a single center European experience
Authors: Dolla Caterina , Naso Erika , Mella Alberto , Allesina Anna , Giraudi Roberta , Torazza Maria Cristina , Vanzino Silvia Bruna , Gallo Ester , Lavacca Antonio , Fop Fabrizio , Biancone Luigi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is commonly considered a detrimental factor in dialysis, its clear effect on morbidity and mortality on waitlisted patients for kidney transplant (KT) has never been completely elucidated. We performed a retrospective analysis on 714 patients admitted to wait-list (WL) for their first kidney transplant from 2005 to 2010. Clinical characteristics at registration in WL (age, body mass index -BMI-, duration and modality of dialysis, underlying nephropathy, coronary artery -CAD- and/or peripheral vascular disease), mortality rates, and effective time on WL were investigated and compared according to T2D status (presence/absence). Data about therapy and management of T2D were also considered. At the time of WL registration T2D patients (n = 86) were older than non-T2D (n = 628) (58.7 ± 8.6 years vs 51.3 ± 12.9) with higher BMI (26.2 ± 3.8 kg/m2 vs 23.8 ± 3.6), more frequent history of CAD (33.3% vs 9.8%) and peripheral vascular disease (25.3% vs 5.8%) (p < 0.001 for all analyses). Considering overall population, T2D patients had reduced survival vs non-T2D (p < 0.001). Transplanted patients showed better survival in both T2D and non-T2D groups despite transplant rate are lower in T2D (75.6% vs 85.8%, p < 0.001). T2D was also associated to similar waiting time but longer periods between dialysis start and registration in WL (1.6 years vs 1.2, p = 0.008), comorbidity-related suspension from WL (571 days vs 257, p = 0.002), and increased mortality rate (33.7% vs 13.9% in the overall population, p < 0.001). In T2D patients admitted to WL, an history of vascular disease was significantly associated to low patient survival (p = 0.019). In conclusion, T2D significantly affects survival also on waitlisted patients. Allocation policies in T2D patients may be adjusted according to increased risk of mortality and WL suspension due to comorbidities.
Distinct systemic cytokine networks in symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis
Authors: Stauss Ricarda D. , Grosse Gerrit M. , Neubert Lavinia , Falk Christine S. , Jonigk Danny , Kühnel Mark P. , Gabriel Maria M. , Schuppner Ramona , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Wilhelmi Mathias , Weissenborn Karin , Schrimpf Claudia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInflammatory processes are crucial in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. This study aimed to identify a cytokine-pattern that is associated with plaque-vulnerability or symptomatic state in comprehensively investigated patients with symptomatic (sCS) and asymptomatic carotid stenosis (aCS). Twenty-two patients with sCS and twenty-four patients with aCS undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) were considered. A cytokine-panel was measured in plasma-specimens prior to surgery and at a 90 day follow-up. Doppler-ultrasound detecting microembolic signals (MES) in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery was performed. Carotid plaques were analysed regarding histopathological criteria of plaque-vulnerability and presence of chemokine receptor CXCR4. Correction for multiple comparisons and logistic regression analysis adjusting for vascular risk factors, grade of stenosis, antithrombotic and statin pretreatment were applied. In sCS-patients higher plasma-levels of Fractalkine (CX3CL1), IFN-α2, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-7 were found compared to aCS-patients. CXCR4-expression on inflammatory cells was more evident in sCS- compared to aCS-plaques and was associated with vulnerability-criteria. In contrast, plasma-cytokine-levels were not related to CXCR4-expression or other vulnerability-criteria or MES. However, in both groups distinct inter-cytokine correlation patterns, which persisted at follow-up and were more pronounced in the sCS-group could be detected. In conclusion, we identified a distinct cytokine/chemokine-network in sCS-patients with elevated and closely correlated mediators of diverse functions.
Differential metabolic responses in breast cancer cell lines to acidosis and lactic acidosis revealed by stable isotope assisted metabolomics
Authors: Gao Jiayue , Guo Zhiying , Cheng Jianhua , Sun Bo , Yang Jie , Li Haijing , Wu Shengming , Dong Fangting , Yan Xianzhong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExtracellular acidosis is considered as a hallmark of most human tumors, which plays an important role in promoting tumor malignant and aggressive phenotype in tumorigenesis. Acidosis and lactic acidosis can induce different responses in tumors. Previous studies have associated the response to lactic acidosis of tumors with good survival outcomes. In this study, we investigated the metabolomic changes in triple negative and luminal subtype breast cancer cell lines in response to acidosis and lactic acidosis. Our results showed that acidosis results in the reduction of cell viability and glycolysis in breast cancer cells, which is reversely correlated with the malignancy of cell lines. Under lactic acidosis, this reduction is reversed slightly. Untargeted metabolomic profiling revealed that glutaminolysis and fatty acid synthesis in cancer cells under acidosis are increased, while TCA cycle and glycolysis are decreased. Under lactic acidosis, the pentose phosphate pathway and acetate release are increased in MDA-MB-231 cells. The current results uncovered the different metabolic responses of breast cancer cells to acidosis and lactic acidosis, demonstrating the power of combined untargeted and stable isotope assisted metabolomics in comprehensive metabolomic analysis.
Environmental control of mammary carcinoma cell expansion by acidification and spheroid formation in vitro
Authors: Ralph Ana Carolina Lima , Valadão Iuri Cordeiro , Cardoso Elaine Cristina , Martins Vilma Regina , Oliveira Luanda Mara Silva , Bevilacqua Estela Maris Andrade Forell , Geraldo Murilo Vieira , Jaeger Ruy Gastaldoni , Goldberg Gary S. , Freitas Vanessa Morais 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Like other cancers, mammary carcinoma progression involves acidification of the tumor microenvironment, which is an important factor for cancer detection and treatment strategies. However, the effects of acidity on mammary carcinoma cell morphology and phenotype have not been thoroughly characterized. Here, we evaluated fundamental effects of environmental acidification on mammary carcinoma cells in standard two-dimensional cultures and three-dimensional spheroids. Acidification decreased overall mammary carcinoma cell viability, while increasing their resistance to the anthracycline doxorubicin. Environmental acidification also increased extracellular vesicle production by mammary carcinoma cells. Conditioned media containing these vesicles appeared to increase fibroblast motility. Acidification also increased mammary carcinoma cell motility when cultured with fibroblasts in spheroids. Taken together, results from this study suggest that environmental acidification induces drug resistance and extracellular vesicle production by mammary carcinoma cells that promote tumor expansion.
Assessment of a proposed BMI formula in predicting body fat percentage among Filipino young adults
Authors: Van Haute Michael , Rondilla Emer , Vitug Jasmine Lorraine , Batin Kristelle Diane , Abrugar Romaia Elaiza , Quitoriano Francis , Dela Merced Kryzia , Maaño Trizha , Higa Jojomaku , Almoro Jianna Gayle , Ternida Darlene , Cabrera J. T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBody mass index (BMI), while routinely used in evaluating adiposity, cannot distinguish between fat and lean mass, and thus can misclassify weight status particularly among athletic, physically active, and tall- and short-statured individuals, whose lean-to-fat ratios and body proportions vary considerably from average individuals. Believing that the traditional BMI formula divides weight by too much with short people and by too little with tall people, University of Oxford professor L. N. Trefethen proposed a modified formula in computing BMI. This study was conducted among a sample of Filipino young adults (n = 190) to assess the performance of the modified BMI formula against the traditional one in: (1) predicting body fat percentage (%BF) measured using bioelectric impedance analysis, and (2) diagnosing overweight/obesity. Using robust polynomial regression analysis (covariates: age, waist circumference, smoking history and alcohol intake), the BMI quadratic models had the highest adjustedR2and the lowest AIC and BIC for both sexes compared to the linear models. The AuROCs of the traditional BMI were higher than those of the proposed BMI, albeit nonsignificant. In conclusion, both traditional and modified BMIs significantly predicted %BF, as well as adequately discriminated between %BF-defined normal and overweight-obese states using optimal BMI cutoff values.
Towards a neural model of creative evaluation in advertising: an electrophysiological study
Authors: Zhou Shujin , Luo Junlong , Yu Tingting , Li Dan , Yin Yue , Tang Xiaochen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough it is increasingly recognized that evaluation is a key phase for a two-fold creativity model, the neural model is not yet well understood. To this end, we constructed a theoretical model of creative evaluation and supported it with neural evidence through event-related potentials (ERPs) technology during a creative advertising task. Participants were required to evaluate the relationship between target words and advertising that systematically varied in novelty and usefulness. The ERPs results showed that (a) the novelty-usefulness and novelty-only conditions evoked a larger N1-P2 amplitude, reflecting an automatic attentional bias to novelty, and (b) these two novelty conditions elicited a larger N200-500 amplitude, reflecting an effort to process the novel content; (c) the novelty-usefulness and usefulness-only conditions induced a larger LPC amplitude, reflecting that valuable associations were formed through retrieval of relevant memories. These results propose a neural model of creative evaluation in advertising: the N1-P2, N200-500, and LPC should be the key indices to define three sub-processes of novelty perception, conception expansion, and value selection, respectively.
Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation shows no effect on paired stimulation suppression of the somatosensory cortex
Authors: Bettmann Jan H. , Meyer-Frießem Christine H. , Schweizer Lauren M. , Schlaffke Lara , Zahn Peter K. , Tegenthoff Martin , Höffken Oliver 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTranscutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) is a safe and convenient method of neuromodulation. It has been proven to alter sensory processing at cervicomedullary level by amplitude changes of the P30 response of tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (TN SEPs). With knowledge that tsDCS affects cortical circuits, we hypothesized that tsDCS may also affect intracortical excitability of the somatosensory cortex assessed by paired stimulation suppression (PSS). Fourteen healthy men were included in this prospective, single-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study. Single (SS) and paired stimulation (PS) TN SEPs were recorded over the scalp before, immediately as well as 30 and 60 min after applying 15 min of tsDCS over the twelfth thoracic vertebra. Each volunteer underwent three independent and randomized sessions of either cathodal, anodal or sham stimulation. tsDCS showed no effect on peak-to-peak amplitudes or latencies of cortical P40-N50 response after SS. Furthermore, tsDCS failed to induce significant changes on amplitude ratios of PSS, thus showing no impact on intracortical excitability of the somatosensory cortex in healthy subjects. Further research is required to reveal the different mechanisms and to strengthen clinical use of this promising technique.
Highly charged 180 degree head-to-head domain walls in lead titanate
Authors: Moore Kalani , Conroy Michele , O’Connell Eoghan N. , Cochard Charlotte , Mackel Jennifer , Harvey Alan , Hooper Thomas E. , Bell Andrew J. , Gregg J. Marty , Bangert Ursel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCharged domain walls (DWs) in ferroelectric materials are an area of intense research. Microscale strain has been identified as a method of inducing arrays of twin walls to meet at right angles, forming needlepoint domains which exhibit novel material properties. Atomic scale characterisation of the features exhibiting these exciting behaviours was inaccessible with the piezoresponse force microscopy resolution of previous work. Here we use aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy to observe short, stepped, highly charged DWs at the tip of the needle points in ferroelectric PbTiO3. Reverse Ti4+ shift polarisation mapping confirms the head-to-head polarisation in adjacent domains. Strain mapping reveals large deviations from the bulk and a wider DW with a high Pb2+ vacancy concentration. The extra screening charge is found to stabilise the DW perpendicular to the opposing polarisation vectors and thus constitutes the most highly charged DW possible in PbTiO3. This feature at the needle point junction is a 5 nm × 2 nm channel running through the sample and is likely to have useful conducting properties. We envisage that similar junctions can be formed in other ferroelastic materials and yield exciting phenomena for future research.
Yoga in der supportiven Onkologie: Wie ist die Evidenz?
Authors: Cramer Holger , Haller Heidemarie 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungYoga, ursprünglich eine spirituelle indische Praxis, ist längst als Präventionsmaßnahme etabliert, findet aber auch immer mehr seinen Weg in die unterstützende Therapie von chronischen Erkrankungen. In der supportiven Onkologie kann Yoga für verschiedene Symptome empfohlen werden. Die Evidenzlage überzeugt insbesondere zur Linderung von krebs- bzw. krebstherapieassoziierter Fatigue. Bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom liegen darüber hinaus vielversprechende Studien zur Wirksamkeit von Yoga bei Ein- und Durchschlafstörungen und bei therapieassoziierten menopausalen Symptomen vor. Da unerwünschte Ereignisse unter Yoga nicht signifikant häufiger auftreten als bei anderen Formen körperlicher Aktivität oder unbehandelten Kontrollgruppen, ist insgesamt von einem positiven Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnis für Patienten mit onkologischen Erkrankungen auszugehen.
Transcortical Approach to Deep-Seated Intraventricular and Intra-axial Tumors Using a Tubular Retractor System: A Technical Note and Review of the Literature
Authors: Okasha Mohamed , Ineson Georgia , Pesic-Smith Jonathan , Surash Surash 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Retraction of white matter overlying a brain lesion can be difficult without causing significant trauma especially when using traditional methods of bladed retractors. These conventional retractors can produce regions of focal pressure resulting in contusions and areas of infarct.
Methods In this article, we present a retrospective case series of six patients with deep-seated intraventricular and intra-axial tumors that were approached using a ViewSite Brain Access System (tubular retractor). The authors describe a unique method of creating a pathway using a dilated glove. We shall also review the relevant literature that reports this type of surgery. Cases included three cases with third ventricular colloid cysts, one case of a third ventricular arachnoid cyst, one case with a lateral ventricular neurocytoma, and a case with a deeply seated intra-axial metastatic tumor.
Results Gross total resection was achieved in five cases with small residual in the central neurocytoma operation, with no documented neurological deficit in any case. One case had persistent memory problems and one case had continuing decline from the metastatic disease.
Conclusion The introduction of tubular-shaped retractor systems has offered the advantage of reducing retraction pressures and distributing any remaining force in a more even and larger distributed area, thus reducing the risk of previous associated morbidity while also permitting great visualization of the target lesion.