bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitral annulus morphometry in degenerative mitral regurgitation phenotypes
Authors: Viani Giacomo Maria , Leo Laura Anna , Borruso Maria Giuliana , Klersy Catherine , Paiocchi Vera Lucia , Schlossbauer Susanne Anna , Caretta Alessandro , Demertzis Stefanos , Faletra Francesco Fulvio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesDegenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) is classified into different phenotypes based on the extent of leaflet degeneration. Our aim is to demonstrate that phenotype complexity predicts the extent of structural abnormalities of mitral annulus (MA).Methods and resultsSeventy‐five patients with DMR and severe valve regurgitation and 23 patients with normal mitral valve were studied using 3D transesophageal echocardiography. Classification of DMR was done by allocating each 3D echocardiography result under five categories: fibroelastic deficiency (FED), FED+, forme fruste, Barlow’s disease Mitral annular disjunction (BD MAD)– or BD MAD+. MA was reconstructed in early systole and in end systole. We tested for a trend toward enlargement and flattening of MA in end systole and for a difference in MA dynamics from early systole to end systole with a worsening of DMR phenotype, in the whole spectrum of subjects ranging from controls to BD MAD+. A significant trend was observed toward larger anteroposterior diameter, intercommissural diameter, annulus circumference, and annulus area (P < .001). A reduction was found in annulus height to commissural width ratio (P = .003): This indicates a progressive MA flattening. Prolapse height and prolapse volume tended to be larger (P < .001).ConclusionBased on the extent of leaflet degeneration, DMR is classified into different phenotypes. As the disease progresses, a related increase in MA size is found, with rounder annular shape, loss of saddle shape, and increase in height and volume of leaflet prolapse. The most pronounced alterations are found in BD MAD+.
Wage premium in the state sector and state‐owned enterprises: Econometric evidence from a transition country in times of austerity
Authors: Vladisavljević Marko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the differences in the wage premium and compliance with the wage cut introduced in Serbia at the end of 2014, between two subsectors of the public sector: the state sector and state‐owned enterprises. Results show that before the austerity measures were introduced, the conditional wage premium was, on average, higher in state‐owned enterprises than in the state sector, with significant differences from the median to the top of the wage distribution. After the austerity measures were introduced, the wage differences between the subsectors deepened, due to lower compliance of state‐owned enterprises with the wage cut.
How technology is driving the landscape of epilepsy surgery
Authors: Dorfer Christian , Rydenhag Bertil , Baltuch Gordon , Buch Vivek , Blount Jeffrey , Bollo Robert , Gerrard Jason , Nilsson Daniel , Roessler Karl , Rutka James , Sharan Ashwini , Spencer Dennis , Cukiert Arthur 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article emphasizes the role of the technological progress in changing the landscape of epilepsy surgery and provides a critical appraisal of robotic applications, laser interstitial thermal therapy, intraoperative imaging, wireless recording, new neuromodulation techniques, and high‐intensity focused ultrasound. Specifically, (a) it relativizes the current hype in using robots for stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) to increase the accuracy of depth electrode placement and save operating time; (b) discusses the drawback of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) when it comes to the need for adequate histopathologic specimen and the fact that the concept of stereotactic disconnection is not new; (c) addresses the ratio between the benefits and expenditure of using intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), that is, the high technical and personnel expertise needed that might restrict its use to centers with a high case load, including those unrelated to epilepsy; (d) soberly reviews the advantages, disadvantages, and future potentials of neuromodulation techniques with special emphasis on the differences between closed and open‐loop systems; and (e) provides a critical outlook on the clinical implications of focused ultrasound, wireless recording, and multipurpose electrodes that are already on the horizon. This outlook shows that although current ultrasonic systems do have some limitations in delivering the acoustic energy, further advance of this technique may lead to novel treatment paradigms. Furthermore, it highlights that new data streams from multipurpose electrodes and wireless transmission of intracranial recordings will become available soon once some critical developments will be achieved such as electrode fidelity, data processing and storage, heat conduction as well as rechargeable technology. A better understanding of modern epilepsy surgery will help to demystify epilepsy surgery for the patients and the treating physicians and thereby reduce the surgical treatment gap.
Seasonal habitat use indicates that depth may mediate the potential for invasive round goby impacts in inland lakes
Authors: Andres Kara J. , Sethi Suresh Andrew , Duskey Elizabeth , Lepak Jesse M. , Rice Aaron N. , Estabrook Bobbi J. , Fitzpatrick Kimberly B. , George Ellen , Marcy‐Quay Benjamin , Paufve Matthew R. , Perkins Kelly , Scofield Anne E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is among the fastest‐spreading introduced aquatic species in North America and is radiating inland from the Great Lakes into freshwater ecosystems across the landscape. Predicting and managing the impacts of round gobies requires information on the factors influencing their distribution in habitats along the invasion front, yet this information is not available for many recently invaded ecosystems. We evaluated the seasonal habitat use and biomass of round gobies in an inland temperate lake to define the spatiotemporal scope of biological interactions at the leading edge of the round goby invasion.

Using novel statistical approaches, we combined hierarchical models that control for imperfect species detection with flexible smooth terms to describe non‐linear relationships between round goby abundance and environmental gradients. Subsequently, we generated accurate detection‐corrected estimates of the standing stock biomass of round gobies.

Our results show seasonally differentiated habitat niches, where suitable round goby habitat in summer months is restricted to shallow depths (<18.4 m) with a mixture of vegetative and mussel cover. We found high round goby biomass of 122 kg/ha in occupied habitats during the summer, with a total lake‐wide biomass of 766,000 kg. In winter, round gobies migrate to deep offshore habitats and disperse, dramatically altering their scope for biological interactions with resident aquatic species across summer and winter seasons.

The results of this study indicate that the scope of biological interactions in inland lakes may be seasonally variable, with potential for high round goby biomass in shallow lakes or at the periphery of deep lakes in the summer months. Such shallow‐water habitats may therefore present higher risk of ecological impacts from round gobies in invaded lentic ecosystems. As round gobies expand inland, consideration of seasonal habitat use will be an important factor in predicting the impacts of this pervasive invader.
Oral health and cognitive status in the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project: A cross‐sectional study in community‐dwelling older Australian men
Authors: Takehara Sachiko , Wright Fredrick A. Clive , Waite Louise M. , Naganathan Vasi , Hirani Vasant , Blyth Fiona M. , Le Couteur David G. , Seibel Markus J. , Handelsman David J. , Cumming Robert G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have examined the relationship between cognition and oral health in older populations. To further understand this relationship, we examined the associations between cognitive function, chewing capacity and the number of teeth present in community‐dwelling older males in Australia.MethodsData were obtained from cross‐sectional analysis of fourth wave of the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP). Participants were 369 community‐dwelling males aged 78 years or over. Cognitive function was measured utilising the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Chewing capacity was determined on ability to chew food items of different textures, and oral health data were collected. Ordinal regression was used to analyse associations between MMSE (four categories) and chewing capacity and number of natural teeth present.ResultsOverall, 67.5% of participants reported that they could chew all 11 listed food items. Participants with fewer than 20 teeth were statistically significantly more likely to have cognitive impairment (unadjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25‐2.79, adjusted OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.07‐2.43). Participants with limited chewing capacity were also more likely to have cognitive impairment (unadjusted OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.25‐2.94, adjusted OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.03‐2.49).ConclusionsThis study suggests either that older men with fewer than 20 natural teeth and those with limited chewing capacity are more likely to have an associated cognitive impairment or that those with cognitive impairment are more likely to have fewer teeth and limited chewing capacity. Further longitudinal studies should clarify these relationships.
Two‐Hour CGRP Infusion Causes Gastrointestinal Hyperactivity: Possible Relevance for CGRP Antibody Treatment
Authors: Falkenberg Katrine , Bjerg Helene Rønde , Olesen Jes 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThe monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor are new antimigraine drugs from which many patients already benefit. Very few side effects have been reported from the antibody trials, including very few gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. The current data derive from a double‐blind cross‐over study of CGRP infusion for 2 hours. We present the GI side effects of the infusion and raise the question if underreporting of GI symptoms in CGRP antibody trials has occurred. We also discuss why constipation may be more likely with CGRP receptor blockade than with CGRP neutralizing antibodies.MethodsThirty healthy volunteers were recruited to receive a 2‐hour infusion of CGRP 1.5 µg/minutes on 2 different days. The participants were pretreated with sumatriptan tablets (2 × 50 mg) 1 day and with placebo the other day. During the infusion, the participants were asked about side effects including a detailed description about their GI symptoms. Clinical observations like flatulence, rumbling, and use of bedpan were also noted. After the infusion, the participants filled out a questionnaire about side effects at home until 12‐hour after the infusion start. The study was conducted at the Danish Headache Center at Rigshospitalet Glostrup in the period February 2018 to July 2018.ResultsOn both study days 93% (27/29 participants) experienced symptoms from the GI system during the infusion. Rumbling, stomach pain, nausea, diarrhea, and an urge to defecate were the most commonly experienced GI side effects. There was no difference in symptoms between placebo and sumatriptan pretreatment.ConclusionWe conclude that a 2‐hour infusion of CGRP causes frequent and sometimes severe symptoms from the GI system. The symptoms are not antagonized by sumatriptan. More attention should be paid to constipation as a possible side effect of CGRP receptor antagonists.
Staff and patient perceptions of a community urinary catheter service
Authors: Oswald Freya C. , Young Ellen , Denison Fiona C. , Allen Rosalind J. , Perry Meghan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUrinary catheters are used extensively throughout healthcare for various reasons including management of urinary tract dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously explore both catheter user experience and staff perception of catheter services within community urinary catheter care. A questionnaire was conducted to investigate the views of community nursing staff. During the same time period, patients were interviewed about (a) catheter‐care standards and adherence to guidelines, (b) patients' feelings towards their catheter and (c) potential improvements to catheter practices and design. Sixty‐nine staff were surveyed. Although 97% of staff indicated they used local guidelines, in up to 62% of cases findings suggested practices in sending urine samples for culture did not comply with guidelines. Then, 75% of staff were satisfied with catheter care, but weaknesses were identified in handover processes, communication between staff and patients, and excessive documentation. Staff results were compared with the findings from interviews of 29 long‐term urinary catheter users, demonstrating a higher level of satisfaction with catheter care among patients (86%). Patients and staff agreed that generally the impacts of their catheter on personal hygiene, sense of independence, sense of dignity and of patient happiness, were neutral (neither positive nor negative). However, regarding improvements to catheter practices and catheter design, 73% of staff but only 45% of patients suggested improvements in service, while 76% of patients but only 49% of staff suggested improvement in design. The study reveals general satisfaction with community catheter care, but indicates areas of potential improvements regarding communication, documentation and catheter design. When compared to patient responses, staff overall had a less positive view of patients perception of their relationship with their catheter.
Retour vers le futur: le fil rouge du débat sur le travail et la technologie au sein de l'OIT
Authors: CHERRY Miriam A. 
Published: March 2020

RésuméLes inquiétudes suscitées par le chômage technologique ne datent pas d'aujourd'hui. Dans les années 1960, les débats sur l'automatisation reflétaient aussi bien l'optimisme que les préoccupations engendr..ées par le potentiel de destruction d'emplois du progrès technique. L'étude des documents d'archives, notamment des informations réunies par le Bureau de l'automatisation du BIT, montre que nombre des propositions avancées aujourd'hui étaient déjà évoquées à l'époque au sein de l'OIT, même si elles n'ont jamais été traduites en termes réglementaires. Revenir sur le débat de cette époque peut offrir des éclairages utiles pour relever les défis actuels et nous aider à construire l'avenir du travail que nous appelons de nos vœux.
Insurance and inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa: policy thresholds
Authors: Asongu Simplice A. , Odhiambo Nicholas M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, we examine how insurance affects income inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa, using data from 42 countries during the period 2004–2014. Three inequality variables are used, namely: the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index and the Palma ratio. Two insurance premiums are employed, namely: life insurance and non‐life insurance. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). Life insurance increases the Gini coefficient and increasing life insurance has a net positive effect on the Gini coefficient and the Atkinson index. Non‐life insurance reduces the Gini coefficient and increasing non‐life insurance has a net positive effect on the Palma ratio. The analysis is extended to establish policy thresholds at which increasing insurance premiums completely dampen the net positive effects. From the extended analysis, 7.500 of life insurance premiums (percentage of GDP) is the critical mass required for life insurance to negatively affect inequality, while 0.855 of non‐life insurance premiums (percentage of GDP) is the threshold required for non‐life insurance to negatively affect inequality. Policy thresholds are provided at which insurance penetration decreases income inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Risk for undernutrition and development of pressure injury in hospitalised patients in Brazil: Multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Serpa Letícia F. , Oliveira Alcicléa S. , Nogueira Paula C. , de Gouveia Santos Vera L. C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough pressure injury (PI) is preventable, the number of patients developing this type of injury is still high. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to assess whether high risk for undernutrition was a risk factor for PI in 1937 patients aged ≥18 at six hospitals in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Patients' risk for undernutrition was assessed using three unique screening tools. Risk for PI was assessed using the Braden Scale. Data were analysed using Poisson regression with robust variance (95% CI, P ≤ .05). While 57.1% of patients were at risk for undernutrition in the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002), only 36.8% and 2.6% were at risk in the Braden Scale Nutrition Subscale (BSNS) and Subjective Global Assessment of Nutritional Status (SGANS), respectively. The cumulative incidence rate was 5.9%. Of those who developed PI, 91.2%, 56.2%, and 18.4% were at risk for undernutrition in the NRS 2002, BSNS, and SGANS scales, respectively. We found a significantly higher risk for PI in patients who were at risk for undernutrition compared with those who were not at risk, supporting previous evidence about the role of undernutrition as a key risk factor for PI in hospitalised patients.
Community‐Based Art Education in China: Practices, Issues and Challenges
Authors: Luo Ning , Lau Chung‐Yim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractArt educators have been promoting Community‐Based Art Education (CBAE) in schools in order to enhance students’ sense of socio‐cultural identity and contextual learning about local art and culture. It cannot only bridge the gap between the students’ daily lives and the communities and art, but can also enhance their inquiry, discovery and meaning‐making abilities. In China, the community‐based approach plays a significant role in the National Standards for Visual Arts, and Chinese art educators have been applying CBAE in school art education for decades. However, Western art educators are still unfamiliar with the issues, practices and challenges related to CBAE in China owing to language constraints. In light of the above, this article aims to initiate a dialogue between Western and Chinese CBAE researchers through discourse and discussions on the main issues related to CBAE in Chinese art education. It outlines current practices of, and issues related to, CBAE from the perspective of Chinese art education. It also discusses the three major challenges to the implementation of CBAE in China, namely the conflict between indigenous knowledge and official knowledge in the school art curriculum, lack of motivation among teachers, and neglect of context in the practice of local art in schools. It is hoped that this article it will enrich our overall knowledge of CBAE and contribute to the understanding of CBAE from a global perspective.
Digital game‐based learning in a Shanghai primary‐school mathematics class: A case study
Authors: Deng Li , Wu Shaoyang , Chen Yumeng , Peng Zhengmei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study examined the perceptions and experiences of a teacher and students in a Shanghai public primary school when digital games were used in a second‐grade math class. The participants included one teacher and 45 students. Data collection methods included classroom observation, focus‐group and individual interviews, and document analysis. Digital gameplay, when used once daily over a 6‐day period, was found to enhance student engagement and interest in learning; many students, however, were concerned about its effect on academic achievement and eyesight. The teacher employed a “making thinking visible” approach using pencil and paper and problem‐solving strategies to help students understand the game's mathematical principles and master mathematical knowledge. Obstacles included large class size, difficulty evaluating learning outcomes, balancing fun and learning, and effective game–classroom integration. This study found that exam‐oriented education and traditional teacher‐centred teaching in China influenced participants' perceptions and experiences of digital game‐based learning.
Involvement of orbit in maxillofacial fractures: “Evaluation of its spectrum, characteristics, and treatment in 200 patients”—Prospective study
Authors: Lin Quan , Hong Xingyu , Zhang Duo , Jin Hongjuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the orbital involvement epidemiology in facial fractures, the clinical distribution and effects of orbital involvement in these patients, the frequency and nature of treatment procedures performed for these involvements, and the immediate‐ and intermediate‐term effects of these treatment procedures.MethodsTwo hundred patients with hard tissue maxillofacial injuries were included in this study. Clinical examination was performed in‐depth. Images were taken to determine and confirm clinical observations and to finalize treatment modality. Orbital involvement in patients was noted as present or absent. The clinical effects and features in postoperative imaging studies were noted until 3 months after trauma in each patient.ResultsOut of 200 patients, about one‐third patients (58;29%) had orbital involvement and out of which 49 were males. Regarding clinical‐radiological signs in orbit involved fractures, the incidences were variable, that is, periorbital ecchymosis (77.6%), periorbital edema (74.1%), subconjunctival hemorrhage (67.2%), palpable step/crepitus in orbital rim (62.1%), infraorbital nerve paresthesia (46.6%), restricted globe movement (5.2%), orbital rim discontinuity/step (72.4%), maxillary sinuses (51.7%), orbital wall/floor/roof rupture (55.2%), and infraorbital foramen involvement (36.2%). Palpable step/crepitus in orbital rim was recovered remarkably earlier in patients of open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) group, and features of restricted globe movements, orbital rim discontinuity/step, orbital wall/floor/roof rupture, and infraorbital foramen involvement in patients were recovered immediately after open reduction and internal fixation treatment.ConclusionEarly repair of the maxillofacial injuries with orbital involvement has better functional and esthetic outcome.
Our experiences in bipolar radiofrequency thermotherapy system as an alternative treatment in LUTS
Authors: Engin Özbay , Remzi Salar , Ferat Öncel Halil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the bipolar radiofrequency thermotherapy system as a minimally invasive treatment method in lower urinary tract symptom treatment and its effect on the patients’ quality of life (QoL). The thermotherapy system was applied to 118 patients between May 2016 and September 2017 with the requirement of surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia, who either could not be operated upon due to their comorbidities or preferred to undergo this procedure as an alternative treatment method. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and QoL scores and maximal flow rate (Qmax) and post‐voiding residue (PVR) values were evaluated before and after treatment. For the 80 patients who completed the 2‐year follow‐up period, the Qmax values were observed to be increased at each follow‐up evaluation and PVR, QoL and IPSS were observed to be decreased. These changes were statistically significant from the baseline. In this study we found there was 48.8% increase in Qmax, 72.1% decrease in IPSS, 70.8% decrease in the QoL score, 51.1% decrease in PVR of 80 patients who underwent bipolar radiofrequency prostate ablation. The bipolar radiofrequency prostate thermotherapy system can be safely applied as an outpatient treatment in high‐risk cases or for those who are anxious about surgical interventions.