bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Business Action on Climate Change
Authors: Venkateswaran Shankar , Rajan Mukund 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides a perspective on how the Indian private sector is responding to sustainability and climate change challenges by beginning to embrace the idea of a ‘triple bottom line’. It notes that an increasing number of Indian businesses have begun to take actions, such as increased sustainability, environmental reporting, and adoption of internal actions, including setting emission targets and an internal carbon price. However, the pace is not uniform; large companies with a global footprint, and some sectors like electricity, are moving faster than others. While, globally, this shift is due to greater pressures from regulators, investors, customers, employees, and communities, in India, regulations are the dominant external trigger, with civil society action growing in importance. While leadership companies will continue to mainstream sustainability and climate change into their core business, this process will be significantly deepened if other stakeholders—customers, investors, and employees—also push businesses.
Energy and Climate Change
Authors: Roy Ashim , Kuruvilla Benny , Bhardwaj Ankit 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Due to the extent of unionization in India’s coal and other carbon-rich sectors, trade unions can resist the tide of privatization and play an active role in formulating a just transition that integrates worker and social concerns into climate responses. An Indian just transition will be located around the need to peak coal usage soon and transition to renewables, with the additional complication of protecting livelihoods, as India’s coal-rich states are also its poorest. This chapter puts forth that democratic, public, and cooperative management of energy systems can prioritize social alongside climate concerns, as part of a wider industrial strategy to retrain workers and decarbonize industry. Climate change will also impact working conditions and workers’ health, with the burden likely to fall on households. Access to social services in workplaces, streets, and homes becomes necessary to alleviate the impacts of climate change on the most vulnerable.
Looking Out, Looking In
Authors: Jogesh Anu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The news media has historically been important in shaping and disseminating perceptions, positions, and policies on climate change. This chapter is a discourse analysis of climate change reportage in the Indian print media between 2010 and 2017. Through a process of sampling, coding, and textual analysis, the study finds a gradual evolution in the discourse on climate change: there is greater coverage of domestic policies and interventions in the news; there is convergence around the approach of domestic self-determination in line with the Paris Agreement; and while there is continued emphasis on the responsibility of industrialized economies for ambitious action, articles also advocate action by India and other developing nations, in line with their local development priorities. In other words, there is a perceptible shift in focus in the Indian print media towards ‘looking in’, rather than ‘looking out’ in arriving at a shared consensus on climate change.
National Climate Policies and Institutions
Authors: Dubash Navroz K. , Ghosh Shibani 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter sets the stage for a discussion on policies by reviewing the emergence of national policies and national institutions. This discussion starts with the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and its various ‘missions’. It discusses how Indian climate policy was frequently dictated by the pursuit of ‘co-benefits’ that bring both climate and development gains, and the emergence of multiple objectives framing as a useful guide for policy formulation. This leads to a discussion of the formulation of India’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) for the Paris Agreement. Significantly, the chapter also covers the spread of climate institutions which, while weak and in their early stages, provide the spaces within which climate discussion is likely to be mainstreamed, if at all, in the coming years.
Climate Change and India’s Forests
Authors: Lele Sharachchandra , Krishnaswamy Jagdish 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Forests influence, and are impacted by, climate in multiple ways. India has pledged to sequester 2.5–3 gigatonne of carbon dioxide equivalent in its forests by 2030. As per official estimates, India already has a positive carbon sequestration rate, suggesting that little extra effort is required to achieve this target, but these estimates are debated. Prioritizing carbon sequestration can also adversely affect local livelihoods, biodiversity, and hydrological regulation functions. Moreover, the mechanisms through which the state hopes to achieve this target do not take into consideration the history of conflict and ongoing shifts in forest governance. The influence of forests on regional climate, especially rainfall, further complicates this debate. Climate change will, in turn, influence India’s forests in complex and unclear ways: a possible expansion of the moist broadleaf forests in central India and a shrinking of temperate broadleaf and alpine forests; a possible increase in productivity; and decline in some wildlife species in specific habitats.
Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Kumar K.S. Kavi , Viswanathan Brinda 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of issues surrounding the mainstreaming of climate change adaptation in the agriculture sector with focus on India. The status of adaptation research focusing on triggers of adaptation and adaptation strategies, such as innovation, adoption of technologies, risk management, and migration, are discussed. The chapter then deliberates on approaches for mainstreaming climate change adaptation policies, namely, climate-proofing, climate-first, and development-first. The wide-ranging budgetary requirements made by the State Action Plans on Climate Change for the agricultural sector highlight the need for a coherent approach for assessing adaptation budgets, along with the establishment of climate and disaster cells in the line departments of the state governments to integrate the climate risks with the developmental plans.
Common and Challenging Behaviors Among Individuals on Long-term Opioid Therapy
Authors: Young Sarah R. , Azari Soraya , Becker William C. , Edelman E. Jennifer , Liebschutz Jane M. , Roy Payel , Starrels Joanna L. , Merlin Jessica S. 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
Long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) is commonly prescribed for chronic pain, despite risks such as opioid use disorder (OUD) and overdose. Caring for patients on LTOT can be difficult, given lack of evidence about assessment of challenging behaviors among patients on LTOT. To develop this evidence, a critical first step is to systematically identify the common and challenging behaviors that primary care providers encounter among patients on LTOT, and also to highlight to diverse range of behaviors encountered.

Method:
We conducted a Delphi study in 42 chronic pain experts to determine consensus on how to address the top common and challenging behaviors. This paper reports on the first round of the study, which elicited a range of behaviors. We conducted thematic analysis of the behaviors and also used the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-5 criteria for OUD as a priori codes.

Results:
In all, 124 unique behaviors were identified by participants and coded into 4 thematic categories: concerning behaviors that map onto DSM-5 criteria for OUD, and those that do not which were: behaviors that suggest deception, signs of diversion, and nonadherence to treatment plan. Those behaviors that fell outside of OUD criteria we identified as “gray zone” behaviors.

Conclusions:
While some of these challenging behaviors fall under the criteria for an OUD, many fall outside of this framework, making diagnosis and treatment difficult, and consensus on how to deal with these “gray zone” behaviors is vital. Future research should explore how these “gray zone” behaviors can best be assessed and managed in a primary care setting.
Immunotherapy for the rheumatoid arthritis-associated coronary artery disease: promise and future
Authors: Wang Lun , Zhang Yang , Zhang Shu-Yang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjective:To review the latest progress on the pathogenic mechanism and management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated coronary artery disease (CAD), and propose advice on future management optimization as well as prospects for research and development of new therapeutic regimen.Data sources:This study was based on data obtained from PubMed up to May 2019 using various search terms and their combinations, including coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia, cardiovascular diseases, RA, rheumatic diseases, treatment, therapy, strategies, immunotherapy, inflammation, and anti-inflammation.Study selection:All retrieved literature was scrutinized, most relevant articles about the pathogenic mechanism and clinical management, especially anti-inflammatory therapy of RA-associated CAD were reviewed.Results:RA is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease which has a great social disease burden. In addition to typical arthritic manifestations, RA also affects extra-articular tissues and organs, within which the involvement of the cardiovascular system, especially incorporating CAD, is the leading cause of death for patients with RA. Recently, numerous basic and clinical studies have been carried out on the mechanism of CAD development and progression under the inflammatory cascade of RA. The effect of traditional RA drugs on CAD risk management has been gradually clarified, and more emerging biologic agents are being explored and studied, which have also achieved satisfactory outcomes. Furthermore, with the success of the CANTOS clinical trial, novel anti-inflammatory therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease is believed to have a broad prospect.Conclusions:RA is an independent risk factor for CAD, which mainly results from the underlying inflammatory cascade; therefore, anti-inflammatory therapy, especially the emerging novel biologic drugs, is important for CAD management in patients with RA and may also be a promising approach among the general population.
Transitioning from clinician to nurse practitioner clinical faculty: A systematic review
Authors: McQuilkin Mary Allison , Gatewood Elizabeth , Gramkowski Bridget , Hunter Jay Michael , Kuster Andrea , Melino Katerina , Mihaly Lisa Klee 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Schools of nursing are challenged with recruiting and retaining nurse practitioner (NP) clinical faculty in a job market where the few qualified candidates have competing professional opportunities. The role transition from clinician to clinical faculty is stressful, and many faculty have unmet needs for support.

Objectives:
This article will identify strategies universities can implement to increase retention in the faculty role by facilitating the transition from clinician to NP clinical faculty.

Data sources:
Articles were identified from the following databases: PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library.

Conclusions:
The transition from clinician to the NP role can be very difficult. New faculty experience culture shock and concerns about maintenance of clinical practice. Orientation, peer support, and mentoring can mitigate the challenges and support the transition.

Implications for practice:
Schools of nursing can facilitate the transition from clinician to NP clinical faculty by developing an onboarding program that integrates mentoring, orientation, and ongoing support.
Emerging incidence trends and application of curative treatments of pancreatic cancer in the USA
Authors: Pei Xiaxia , Song Feixue , Wang Zhiping 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Annual pancreatic tumor incidence rates have been increasing. We explored pancreatic tumor incidence trends by treatment and clinicopathologic features.
Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) was retrieved to evaluate temporal trends and pancreatic cancer rates from 2000 to 2015. Joinpoint regression analyses were carried out to examine trend differences.
Overall, the incidence of pancreatic cancer was on the increase. The initial APC increased at a rate of 2.22% from 2000 to 2012, and increased from 2012 to 2015 at a rate of 9.05%. Joinpoint analyses revealed that trends within different demographics of pancreatic cancer showed different characteristics. The rate of pancreatic cancer also varied with histologic types. In addition, the trends by cancer stage showed significant increase incidences of stage I and II pancreatic cancer from 2000 to 2013 (stage I: APC: 2.71%; stage II: APC: 4.87%). Incidences of patients receiving surgery increased from 2000 to 2008 (APC: 7.55%), 2008 to 2011 (APC: 2.17%) and then there was a significant acceleration from 2011 to 2015 (APC: 10.51%). The incidence of cases in stage II receiving surgery increased significantly from 2004 to 2009 (APC: 9.28%) and 2009 to 2013 (APC: 2.57%). However, for cases in stage I, the incidence of cases with surgery decreased significantly since 2009 (APC: −4.14%). Patients undergoing surgical treatment without chemotherapy and radiotherapy had the higher rates compared with those who received other combined treatments.
Pancreatic cancer has been increasing overall, but patterns differ by demographics and clinicopathologic features. Efforts to identify and treat more eligible candidates for curative therapy could be beneficial.
CUL4A expression is associated with tumor stage and prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Jin Xin , Ma Yong-Chi , Zhu Wen-Yan , Fan Lun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cullin 4A (CUL4A) is a protein of E3 ubiquitin ligase with many cellular processes. CUL4A could regulate cell cycle, development, apoptosis, and genome instability. This study aimed to analyze the expression of CUL4A in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues and the associations of CUL4A expression with prognostic significance. A total of 115 NPC patients were collected to assess the protein expression of CUL4A by immunohistochemistry, so as to analyze the relationships between CUL4A expression and clinicopathological and prognostic parameters. All patients were followed-up until death or 5 years. The results showed that high expression of CUL4A was significantly associated with larger primary tumor size (P = .026), higher nodal status (P = .013), more distant metastasis (P = .020), and higher TNM stage (P = .005). Kaplan–Meier curves showed that patients with higher CUL4A expression had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (both P < .001). In multivariate Cox analysis, CUL4A is an independent prognostic factor for OS (P = .016; hazard ratio [HR] = 2.770, 95% CI: 1.208–6.351) and PFS (P = .022; HR = 2.311, 95% CI: 1.126–4.743). In conclusion, high expression of CUL4A was associated with advanced disease status of NPC, and might serve as an independent prognostic factor.
Acute diffuse edematous-hemorrhagic Epstein–Barr virus meningoencephalitis
Authors: Han Jingzhe , Kang Zhilei , Xie Yanan , Li Hui , Yan Haiyan , Song Xueqin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
In this study, we presented a rare case of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) meningoencephalitis presented with meningoencephalitis-like symptoms and diffuse edematous hemorrhage.

Patient concerns:
A 77-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with fever, headache, confusion, and unconsciousness for 7 days. Physical examination revealed unconsciousness and stiffness of the neck.

Diagnosis:
The final diagnosis was EBV meningoencephalitis.

Interventions:
Ganciclovir (two times 350 mg/day, 21 days), methylprednisolone sodium succinate (120 mg, 5 days), and IV immunoglobulins (IV Ig) (0.4 g/kg, 5 days) were given to this patient.

Outcomes:
But the patient's clinical symptoms did not improve, and he was still in a coma. His family refused to be further diagnosed and discharged. After discharge for 2 months, the patient was in a coma. Four months later, the patient died of complications of pulmonary infection.

Conclusion:
The patient is an adult, and imaging was dominated by intracranial diffuse microhemorrhage and edema, which was different from the typical imaging characteristics of EBV encephalitis as previously reported. This specific imaging change may provide new clinical value for the diagnosis of EBV encephalitis.
Ocular findings and strabismus surgery outcomes in Chinese children with Angelman syndrome
Authors: Ye Haiyun , Lan Xiaoping , Liu Qingyu , Zhang Yidan , Wang Siying , Zheng Ce , Di Yue , Qiao Tong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Angelman syndrome (AS) is an uncommon genetic disease characterized as serious retarded mental development and ocular abnormality.

Patient concerns:
This report aims to present the ophthalmological features, and identify the diagnosis and outcomes of strabismus surgery in AS patients.

Diagnosis:
Three children with exotropia were diagnosed with AS based on their typical clinical features.

Interventions:
All patients underwent multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis and accepted lateral rectus recession surgery with the assistance of intravenous combined inhalation anesthesia.

Outcomes:
The maternal heritage deletion of chromosome 15q11.2-q13 was verified in all patients by MLPA. All patients with strabismus could not cooperate during the vision test, and had astigmatism. The strabismus type of AS patients was horizontal exotropia, and no vertical strabismus was found. One of these patients was combined with high myopia. The hypopigmentation on the hair and iris was ubiquitous. However, retina pigmentation was normal. After different degrees of lateral rectus recession, the exotropia was significantly relieved, and the surgical effects were stable postoperatively.

Lessons:
Horizontal exotropia is the major strabismus type. Severe intellectual disability, hyperactivity, and speech impairment are the common characteristics of AS children. Its examination and operation design remains challenging. Thus, repeated examinations and intelligence rehabilitation are essential.
Efficacy and safety of cisplatin for the management of adult patients with oral cancer
Authors: Feng Yao , Yang Dian-song , Tang Hai-bo , Ding Yuan-sheng , Li Xiao-guang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background:
Cisplatin is often used for the treatment of oral cancer (OC). However, there are inconsistent results. Thus, this study plans to systematically assess the clinical efficacy and safety of cisplatin for adult patients with OC.

Methods:
We will search for PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, AMED, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. All of them will be searched from the construction of each database up to the present with no restrictions of language and publication status. The data analysis will be conducted using RevMan 5.3 software to assess the efficacy and safety of cisplatin for adult patients with OC.

Results:
This study will summarize the most recent high-quality evidence and will provide helpful information about the efficacy and safety of cisplatin for adult patients with OC.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study will provide convinced evidence of cisplatin for adult patients with OC, and provide recommendations for clinical practice.

Systematic review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42019156558.
Lethal infective endocarditis due to Streptococcus agalactiae in a man with a history of alcohol abuse
Authors: D’Angelo Myriam , Boretti Ilaria , Quattrocchi Salvina , Alongi Giovanni , Rifici Carmela , Corallo Francesco , Magazù Angela , Milardi Demetrio , Cannavà Gaetano , Bramanti Placido , Duca Antonio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Rational:
Infective endocarditis (IE) is defined as an infection of the endocardial surface of the heart, which may include one or more heart valves, the mural endocardium.

Patient concerns:
A 53-years-old man with a history of alcohol abuse was admitted in hospital for fever, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation cardioverted by Amiodarone and pulmonary infection.

Diagnosis:
A case of recurrent severe endocarditis, with neurological complications both ischemic and hemorrhagic and heart failure caused by Streptococcus agalactiae in healthy man we reported.

Interventions:
Surgery was performed 2 weeks after admission.

Outcomes:
The onset of intracranial hemorrhage delayed second cardiac surgery and the patient died because of end-stage heart failure.

Conclusions:
Infective endocarditis caused by S. agalactiae is very rare, particularly in patients without underlying structural heart disease. This study showed that IE due to S. Agalactiae is a disease with high mortality when associated with neurological complication, heart failure but especially when it is recurrent and hits valve prosthesis.
Airway management using laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in a patient in a lateral decubitus position
Authors: Lim Jung A , Jeong Min Yeong , Kim Jong Hae 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Airway management of patients in a lateral decubitus position (LDP), who cannot lie supine is challenging for anesthesiologists. In a previous study, laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was found to be superior to conventional endotracheal intubation in LDP.

Patient Concerns:
A 38-year-old man diagnosed with type I neurofibromatosis presented with pain caused by a large hematoma (28 × 8 cm) located in the left upper back. On arrival at the operating theater, he was in a right LDP because of the aggravation of pain in the supine position.

Diagnoses:
Laryngoscopy-guided endotracheal intubation was expected to be difficult in LDP.

Interventions:
After the induction of anesthesia, a non-inflatable LMA was introduced into the laryngopharynx with the patient in LDP. He was then maneuvered into a supine position and removal of the LMA was followed by endotracheal intubation.

Outcomes:
The surgery for the removal of the hematoma was performed in a prone position. The airway intubated with an endotracheal tube was well maintained during the entire surgery.

Lessons:
LMA is a useful device for airway management in patients in LDP who cannot lie supine.