bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of the Development of Energy Mixes in the United Kingdom and Brazil
Authors: Venturi Luis , Vastella Ferreira de Melo Alexandre , Fregoneze Ana Claudia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This research focuses on drawing a comparison between how the UK and Brazil have managed their energy mixes since the oil crisis of the 1970s to the present time. The analysis is based on four variables: diversification, power, sustainability and efficiency. The main hypothesis assumes that the evolution of energy mixes is more related to the available natural resources and the physical features of both countries than to political decisions. Technically, we used official data organized into graphs and charts for the decades of 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2017. The preliminary results showed that in both countries, all the variables changed positively, but the efficiency has been higher in the UK since the British GDP increases with the increasingly drop in energy production. Therefore, these preliminary results showed that the hypothesis better explained the Brazilian context than the British context.
Enhancing the productivity of ryegrass at elevated CO2 is dependent on tillering and leaf area development rather than leaf-level photosynthesis
Authors: Yiotis Charilaos , McElwain Jennifer C , Osborne Bruce A 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhilst a range of strategies have been proposed for enhancing crop productivity, many recent studies have focused primarily on enhancing leaf photosynthesis under current atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Given that the atmospheric CO2 concentration is likely to increase significantly in the foreseeable future, an alternative/complementary strategy might be to exploit any variability in the enhancement of growth/yield and photosynthesis at higher CO2 concentrations. To explore this, we investigated the responses of a diverse range of wild and cultivated ryegrass genotypes, with contrasting geographical origins, to ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations and examined what genetically tractable plant trait(s) might be targeted by plant breeders for future yield enhancements. We found substantial ~7-fold intraspecific variations in biomass productivity among the different genotypes at both CO2 levels, which were related primarily to differences in tillering/leaf area, with only small differences due to leaf photosynthesis. Interestingly, the ranking of genotypes in terms of their response to both CO2 concentrations was similar. However, as expected, estimates of whole-plant photosynthesis were strongly correlated with plant productivity. Our results suggest that greater yield gains under elevated CO2 are likely through the exploitation of genetic differences in tillering and leaf area rather than focusing solely on improving leaf photosynthesis.
The dynamic magnetosphere of Swift J1818.0–1607
Authors: Lower M E , Johnston S , Shannon R M , Bailes M , Camilo F 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Radio-loud magnetars display a wide variety of radio-pulse phenomenology seldom seen among the population of rotation-powered pulsars. Spectropolarimetry of the radio pulses from these objects has the potential to place constraints on their magnetic topology and unveil clues about the magnetar radio emission mechanism. Here, we report on eight observations of the magnetar Swift J1818.0–1607 taken with the Parkes Ultra-Wideband Low receiver covering a wide frequency range from 0.7 to 4 GHz over a period of 5 months. The magnetar exhibits significant temporal profile evolution over this period, including the emergence of a new profile component with an inverted spectrum, two distinct types of radio emission mode switching, detected during two separate observations, and the appearance and disappearance of multiple polarization modes. These various phenomena are likely a result of ongoing reconfiguration of the plasma content and electric currents within the magnetosphere. Geometric fits to the linearly polarized position angle indicate we are viewing the magnetar at an angle of ∼99○ from the spin axis, and its magnetic and rotation axes are misaligned by ∼112○. While conducting these fits, we found the position angle swing had reversed direction on MJD 59062 compared to observations taken 15 d earlier and 12 d later. We speculate this phenomena may be evidence the radio emission from this magnetar originates from magnetic field lines associated with two co-located magnetic poles that are connected by a coronal loop.
the threehundred: the structure and properties of cosmic filaments in the outskirts of galaxy clusters
Authors: Rost Agustin , Kuchner Ulrike , Welker Charlotte , Pearce Frazer , Stasyszyn Federico , Gray Meghan , Cui Weiguang , Dave Romeel , Knebe Alexander , Yepes Gustavo , Rasia Elena 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Galaxy cluster outskirts are described by complex velocity fields induced by diffuse material collapsing towards filaments, gas, and galaxies falling into clusters, and gas shock processes triggered by substructures. A simple scenario that describes the large-scale tidal fields of the cosmic web is not able to fully account for this variety, nor for the differences between gas and collisionless dark matter. We have studied the filamentary structure in zoom-in resimulations centred on 324 clusters from the threehundred project, focusing on differences between dark and baryonic matter. This paper describes the properties of filaments around clusters out to five R200, based on the diffuse filament medium where haloes had been removed. For this, we stack the remaining particles of all simulated volumes to calculate the average profiles of dark matter and gas filaments. We find that filaments increase their thickness closer to nodes and detect signatures of gas turbulence at a distance of ${\sim}2 \rm {{{~h^{-1}\,{\rm Mpc}}}}$ from the cluster. These are absent in dark matter. Both gas and dark matter collapse towards filament spines at a rate of ${\sim}200 \,\rm {km ~ s^{-1}\, h^{-1}}$. We see that gas preferentially enters the cluster as part of filaments, and leaves the cluster centre outside filaments. We further see evidence for an accretion shock just outside the cluster. For dark matter, this preference is less obvious. We argue that this difference is related to the turbulent environment. This indicates that filaments act as highways to fuel the inner regions of clusters with gas and galaxies.
H α fluxes and extinction distances for planetary nebulae in the IPHAS survey of the northern galactic plane
Authors: Dharmawardena Thavisha E , Barlow M J , Drew J E , Seales A , Sale S E , Jones D , Mampaso A , Parker Q A , Sabin L , Wesson R 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We report H α filter photometry for 197 Northern hemisphere planetary nebulae (PNe) obtained using imaging data from the IPHAS survey. H α+[N ii] fluxes were measured for 46 confirmed or possible PNe discovered by the IPHAS survey and for 151 previously catalogued PNe that fell within the area of the northern Galactic Plane surveyed by IPHAS. After correcting for [N ii] emission admitted by the IPHAS H α filter, the resulting H α fluxes were combined with published radio free–free fluxes and H β fluxes, in order to estimate mean optical extinctions to 143 PNe using ratios involving their integrated Balmer line fluxes and their extinction-free radio fluxes. Distances to the PNe were then estimated using three different 3D interstellar dust extinction mapping methods, including the IPHAS-based h-mead algorithm of Sale (2014). These methods were used to plot dust extinction versus distance relationships for the lines of sight to the PNe; the intercepts with the derived dust optical extinctions allowed distances to the PNe to be inferred. For 17 of the PNe in our sample reliable GaiaDR2 distances were available and these have been compared with the distances derived using three different extinction mapping algorithms as well as with distances from the nebular radius versus H α surface brightness relation of Frew et al. (2016). That relation and the h-mead extinction mapping algorithm yielded the closest agreement with the Gaia DR2 distances.
FASS: a turbulence profiler based on a fast, low-noise camera
Authors: Guesalaga A , Ayancán B , Sarazin M , Wilson R W , Perera S , Le Louarn M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The measurement of the atmospheric optical turbulence with a new scintillation profiler is described and demonstrated. The instrument, FASS (Full Aperture Scintillation Sensor), uses new fast and low-noise detectors to record and process sequences of scintillation images. Statistical processing of these data is based on the calculation of power spectra of intensity in annular pupil zones over the angular coordinate. The angular power spectra are used to measure the optical turbulence intensity of 14 layers located at logarithmically-spaced distances from 0.3 km to 25 km. The reference functions relating turbulence strength to the angular power spectra are computed by numerical simulation. Measurement of the ground-later turbulence and total seeing with FASS is possible when the detector is conjugated to a negative (below ground) distance. Results of measurement campaigns at Paranal are reported, documenting a good agreement of turbulence profiles measured by FASS with two other instruments, SCIDAR and MASS.
Constraints on precipitation-limited hot haloes from massive galaxies to galaxy clusters
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Voit G M , Nath Biman B 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We present constraints on a simple analytical model for hot diffuse halo gas, derived from a fit spanning two orders of magnitude in halo mass ($M_{500} \sim 10^{12.5}\!-\!10^{14.5} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$). The model is motivated by the observed prevalence of a precipitation limit, and its main free parameter is the central ratio of gas cooling time-scale to free-fall time-scale (tcool/tff). We use integrated X-ray and thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich observations of the environments around massive galaxies, galaxy groups, and clusters, averaged in halo mass bins, and obtain the best-fitting model parameters. We find tcool/tff ∼ 50–110, depending on the model extrapolation beyond the halo virial radius and possibly on biases present in the data sets used in the fitting analysis. The model adequately describes the entire mass range, except for intermediate mass haloes ($M_{500} \sim 10^{13.5} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) that systematically fall below the model predictions. However, the best fits for tcool/tff substantially exceed the values typically derived from X-ray observations of individual systems (tcool/tff ∼ 10–30). We consider several explanations for those discrepancies, including X-ray selection biases and a potential anticorrelation between X-ray luminosity and the central galaxy’s stellar mass.
Demonstrating the Tapered Gridded Estimator (TGE) for the Cosmological HI 21-cm Power Spectrum using 150 MHz GMRT observations
Authors: Pal Srijita , Bharadwaj Somnath , Ghosh Abhik , Choudhuri Samir 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We apply the Tapered Gridded Estimator (TGE) for estimating the cosmological 21-cm power spectrum from 150 MHz GMRT observations which corresponds to the neutral hydrogen (HI) at redshift z = 8.28. Here TGE is used to measure the Multi-frequency Angular Power Spectrum (MAPS) Cℓ(Δν) first, from which we estimate the 21-cm power spectrum P(k⊥, k∥). The data here are much too small for a detection, and the aim is to demonstrate the capabilities of the estimator. We find that the estimated power spectrum is consistent with the expected foreground and noise behaviour. This demonstrates that this estimator correctly estimates the noise bias and subtracts this out to yield an unbiased estimate of the power spectrum. More than $47\%$ of the frequency channels had to be discarded from the data owing to radio-frequency interference, however the estimated power spectrum does not show any artifacts due to missing channels. Finally, we show that it is possible to suppress the foreground contribution by tapering the sky response at large angular separations from the phase center. We combine the k modes within a rectangular region in the ‘EoR window’ to obtain the spherically binned averaged dimensionless power spectra Δ2(k) along with the statistical error σ associated with the measured Δ2(k). The lowest k-bin yields Δ2(k) = (61.47)2 K2 at k = 1.59 Mpc−1, with σ = (27.40)2 K2. We obtain a 2 σ upper limit of (72.66)2 K2 on the mean squared HI 21-cm brightness temperature fluctuations at k = 1.59 Mpc−1.
The initial properties of young star clusters in M83
Authors: Webb Jeremy J , Sills Alison 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The initial sizes and masses of massive star clusters provide information about the cluster formation process and also determine how cluster populations are modified and destroyed, which have implications for using clusters as tracers of galaxy assembly. Young massive cluster populations are often assumed to be unchanged since cluster formation; therefore, their distributions of masses and radii are used as the initial values. However, the first few hundred million years of cluster evolution does change both cluster mass and cluster radius, through both internal and external processes. In this paper, we use a large suite of N-body cluster simulations in an appropriate tidal field to determine the best initial mass and initial size distributions of young clusters in the nearby galaxy M83. We find that the initial masses follow a power-law distribution with a slope of −2.7 ± 0.4 , and the half-mass radii follow a lognormal distribution with a mean of 2.57 ± 0.04 pc and a dispersion of 1.59 ± 0.01 pc. The corresponding initial projected half-light radius function has a mean of 2.7 ± 0.3 pc and a dispersion of 1.7 ± 0.2 pc. The evolution of the initial mass and size distribution functions is consistent with mass-loss and expansion due to stellar evolution, independent of the external tidal field and the cluster’s initial density profile. Observed cluster sizes and masses should not be used as the initial values, even when clusters are only a few hundred million years old.
Recovery of kidney function in patients treated with maintenance dialysis—a report from the ERA-EDTA Registry
Authors: Jakulj Lily , Kramer Anneke , Åsberg Anders , de Meester Johan , Santiuste de Pablos Carmen , Helve Jaakko , Hemmelder Marc H , Hertig Alexandre , Arici Mustafa , Bell Samira , Mercadal Lucile , Diaz-Corte Carmen , Palsson Runolfur , Benitez Sanchez Manuel , Kerschbaum Julia , Collart Frederic , Massy Ziad A , Jager Kitty J , Noordzij Marlies 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Literature on recovery of kidney function (RKF) in patients with end-stage kidney disease treated with maintenance dialysis (i.e. &gt;90 days) is limited. We assessed the incidence of RKF and its associated characteristics in a European cohort of dialysis patients.

Methods
We included adult patients from the European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry who started maintenance dialysis in 1997–2016. Sustained RKF was defined as permanent discontinuation of dialysis. Temporary discontinuation of ≥30 days (non-sustained RKF) was also evaluated. Factors associated with RKF adjusted for potential confounders were studied using Cox regression analyses.

Results
RKF occurred in 7657 (1.8%) of 440 996 patients, of whom 71% experienced sustained RKF. Approximately 90% of all recoveries occurred within the first 2 years after Day 91 of dialysis. Of patients with non-sustained RKF, 39% restarted kidney replacement therapy within 1 year. Sustained RKF was strongly associated with the following underlying kidney diseases (as registered by the treating physician): tubular necrosis (irreversible) or cortical necrosis {adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 20.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 17.9–23.1]}, systemic sclerosis [aHR 18.5 (95% CI 13.8–24.7)] and haemolytic uremic syndrome [aHR 17.3 (95% CI 13.9–21.6)]. Weaker associations were found for haemodialysis as a first dialysis modality [aHR 1.5 (95% CI 1.4–1.6)] and dialysis initiation at an older age [aHR 1.8 (95% CI 1.6–2.0)] or in a more recent time period [aHR 2.4 (95% CI 2.1–2.7)].

Conclusions
Definitive discontinuation of maintenance dialysis is a rare and not necessarily an early event. Certain clinical characteristics, but mostly the type of underlying kidney disease, are associated with a higher likelihood of RKF.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage Volume Reduction and Timing of Intervention Versus Functional Benefit and Survival in the MISTIE III and STICH Trials
Authors: Polster Sean P , Carrión-Penagos Julián , Lyne Seán B , Gregson Barbara A , Cao Ying , Thompson Richard E , Stadnik Agnieszka , Girard Romuald , Money Patricia Lynn , Lane Karen , McBee Nichol , Ziai Wendy , Mould W Andrew , Iqbal Ahmed , Metcalfe Stephen , Hao Yi , Dodd Robert , Carlson Andrew P , Camarata Paul J , Caron Jean-Louis , Harrigan Mark R , Zuccarello Mario , Mendelow A David , Hanley Daniel F , Awad Issam A ,   on behalf of the MISTIE III and STICH I and II investigators
Published: December 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The extent of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) removal conferred survival and functional benefits in the minimally invasive surgery with thrombolysis in intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation (MISTIE) III trial. It is unclear whether this similarly impacts outcome with craniotomy (open surgery) or whether timing from ictus to intervention influences outcome with either procedure.

OBJECTIVE
To compare volume evacuation and timing of surgery in relation to outcomes in the MISTIE III and STICH (Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Hemorrhage) trials.

METHODS
Postoperative scans were performed in STICH II, but not in STICH I; therefore, surgical MISTIE III cases with lobar hemorrhages (n = 84) were compared to STICH II all lobar cases (n = 259) for volumetric analyses. All MISTIE III surgical patients (n = 240) were compared to both STICH I and II (n = 722) surgical patients for timing analyses. These were investigated using cubic spline modeling and multivariate risk adjustment.

RESULTS
End-of-treatment ICH volume ≤28.8 mL in MISTIE III and ≤30.0 mL in STICH II had increased probability of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0 to 3 at 180 d (P = .01 and P = .003, respectively). The effect in the MISTIE cohort remained significant after multivariate risk adjustments. Earlier surgery within 62 h of ictus had a lower probability of achieving an mRS 0 to 3 at 180 d with STICH I and II (P = .0004), but not with MISTIE III. This remained significant with multivariate risk adjustments. There was no impact of timing until intervention on mortality up to 47 h with either procedure.

CONCLUSION
Thresholds of ICH removal influenced outcome with both procedures to a similar extent. There was a similar likelihood of achieving a good outcome with both procedures within a broad therapeutic time window.
Is Dupuytren’s disease an occupational illness?
Authors: Murínová L , Perečinský S , Jančová A , Murín P , Legáth Ľ 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
There is growing evidence for the risk of Dupuytren’s disease (DD) from occupational exposure. For workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibrations (HTVs) and heavy manual work (HMW) who develop the disease, the inclusion of DD in hand-arm vibration syndrome and diseases of skeletal muscle overload could be beneficial for compensation purposes.

Aims
To assess the risk of DD in workers exposed to HTVs and HMW, and to evaluate the length of exposure times that may significantly affect the development of DD.

Methods
This study included male workers in Košice, Slovak Republic. Participants were divided into three groups: those exposed to HTVs, those exposed to HMW and controls. We evaluated the association between DD and HTVs, HMW, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, epilepsy, smoking and alcohol consumption for all groups. We also compared the length of exposure time to HTV and HMW between workers with and without DD.

Results
The sample was comprised of 515 men, with 13% suffering from DD. Significant associations were found between DD and HTVs (OR 4.59 [95% CI 2.05–10.32]) and HMV (OR 3.10 [95% CI 1.21–7.91]). Highly significant associations were found between DD and older ages and alcohol consumption as well. No associations were found for the other variables. Exposure times greater than 15 years significantly increased the risk for DD (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
This study confirms a significant association between DD and both HTVs and HMW after long exposures. We suggest that DD should be considered as an occupational disease.
Recoverability of Damages for Non-pecuniary Losses Deriving from Breach of Contract
Authors: Zlatev Zlatin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This is the first article that identifies contracts whose breach could cause non-pecuniary losses. It argues that in all cases where the outcome of the promised performance leads to something other than an enhancement of the promisee’s financial standing, the breach will cause him non-pecuniary losses. This proposition provides greater consistency in the law of contract damages. It provides a powerful argument against the existing notion of partial recovery of non-pecuniary losses and replaces it with a more principled and comprehensive approach that is more closely aligned with the general conceptual framework of contemporary contract law. If the principles identified in the present article are applied, all damages, including those for non-pecuniary losses, will be recoverable when the promisee’s performance interest is not satisfied.
Combined Petrosal Approach for Resection of a Large Trigeminal Schwannoma With Meckel's Cave Involvement—Part II: Microsurgical Approach and Tumor Resection: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Tayebi Meybodi Ali , Liu James K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This video is the second part of a 2-part video presentation demonstrating the microsurgical technique of a combined petrosal approach for resection of a large trigeminal schwannoma in a 54-yr-old woman involving multiple cranial fossae extending anteriorly into Meckel's cave. The patient presented with long-standing worsening headache and facial tingling and numbness. After discussing the benefits and risks of the surgery as well as the alternative management strategies, the patient decided to proceed with surgery and informed consent was obtained. The surgery was performed in a single stage. The technical nuances of anterior and posterior (retrolabyrinthine) petrosectomy are demonstrated and discussed. Microsurgical resection of the tumor is also demonstrated emphasizing the important steps of dural opening, arachnoid dissection, identification and preservation of cranial nerves, and exploration of Meckel's cave. Use of endoscopic-assistance for visualization of the cerebellopontine angle and neurovascular structures is also demonstrated.
Table in video reprinted by permission from Copyright Clearance Center: Springer Nature, Acta Neurochirurgica, Frontotemporal epidural approach to trigeminal neurinomas, Dolenc VV, Copyright 1994.