bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NUTRIOSE® fibre is fermented in the colon inducing a modulation of genes expression involved in glucose metabolism and membrane integrity
Authors: Perreau Caroline , Albert Marie , Sergent Julie , Bitane Vincent , Scotte Aimée , Vazhappilly Rema , Desailly Fabrice , Ringard Florence , Herbomez Anne-Charlotte , Guérin-Deremaux Laetitia , Thabuis Clémentine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Resistant dextrins are glucose polymers with atypical linkages making them non-digestible in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. NUTRIOSE® is slightly digested in the small intestine and then, progressively fermented in the colon. The objective of this study is to investigate the beneficial effects resulting from the colonic fermentation of NUTRIOSE® and the underlying mechanism of action in rats.Materials & Methods:This experiment was conducted according to the French Regulations for Animal Experimentation and authorized under the project Number 00619.01. After acclimatisation on maintaining diet, 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were blocked by body weight and randomly split into 2 groups. The control group was given a fibre-free diet where corn starch was used to replace fibre and the experimental group was supplemented with 10% NUTRIOSE®. Feces were collected for enzymatic activities measurement. Caecal contents were collected so as caecal cell walls and colon biopsies for gene expression analysis.Results:The significant increases in caecal content weight (p < 0.001) fecal activity of saccharolytic enzymes (p < 0.05) and the decrease in caecal pH (p < 0.001) after the supplementation of NUTRIOSE® suggested its fermentation in the colon and caecum. It is also known from literature that NUTRIOSE® fermentation leads to higher levels of short chain fatty acids including higher levels of propionate and butyrate. This enhanced fermentation induced several positive impacts in the colon such as an increased caecal wall weight (p < 0.001) demonstrating beneficial effect on colon epithelial cells, an up-regulation of genes involved in membrane integrity (occludin (p = 0.01), ZO-1(p = 0.01)), and a positive impact on genes involved in inflammation (Tnf-α (p = 0.03), FOXP3 (p = 0.01)). The present study demonstrated the positive effects of NUTRIOSE® supplementation on glucose metabolism through the up-regulation of PEPCK in the colon (p < 0.001). This effect may also be mediated by the up-regulation of the GPR41 receptor in the colon (p < 0.001) and probably activated by butyrate.Conclusions:All together, these results confirmed that NUTRIOSE® is well fermented in the colon and that these fermentations may be associated with beneficial impacts on colonic epithelial integrity, inflammation and neoglucogenesis. Here we demonstrate a putative mechanism of action of NUTRIOSE® to improve the colonic health which is through the production of butyrate and the resulting activation of GPR41 receptor. Thus, this study helps us to understand the physiological impact of NUTRIOSE® fermentation in colon to produce several health benefits as observed in clinical studies.
Multivitamins and Nutritional Adequacy in Middle-Aged to Older Americans by Obesity Status
Authors: Frankenfeld Cara L. , Wallace Taylor C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMultivitamins are the most commonly consumed dietary supplement in the United States and worldwide. Micronutrient insufficiency and clinical deficiency are more common in middle-aged to older adults, and multivitamin use has been shown to improve status in this population. This analysis aimed to assess contributions of sporadic and consistent multivitamin use to total usual micronutrient intakes and associated nutritional biomarkers among middle-aged to older U.S. adults age 351 years, stratified by obesity status. Self-reported dietary intake and laboratory measures from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used in these analyses. The National Cancer Institute method was used to assess usual intakes of 18 micronutrients. Compared with food alone, multivitamin use was associated with a lower prevalence of inadequacies and improved nutritional biomarker status for folate, iodine, selenium, and vitamins B6, B12, and D. Consistent use decreased the prevalence of inadequacy for most micronutrients assessed, except for those micronutrients typically not found (or in miniscule amounts) in standard multivitamin products. In addition to a lower prevalence of inadequacy for many micronutrients associated with consistent use of multivitamins, sporadic use decreased the prevalence of inadequacy for a greater number of micronutrients in obese versus nonobese individuals. Multivitamin use (sporadic and consistent) also increased the proportion of individuals who exceeded the tolerable upper intake level for folic acid to 8–10%. Nutritional biomarker data indicate that obese individuals may be at greater risk of clinical deficiency in vitamins B6and D. Use of gender- and age-specific multivitamins may serve as a practical means to increase micronutrient status and decrease prevalences of clinical deficiency in the middle-aged to older population, particularly in those who are obese.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Effect on Body Weight and Body Composition in Women (Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis).
Authors: Hamdallah Hanady , Elyse Ireland H. , Williams John 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a food supplement that is proposed as an anti-obesity supplement in animal and human studies. Animal studies have shown a significant anti-obesity effect of CLA, but results in humans were inconsistent, where some of the studies found an anti-obesity effect while other studies failed to find any decline in obesity markers after CLA supplementation. This meta-analysis aimed to determine if oral CLA supplementation has been shown to reduce obesity-related markers in women.Method:Pub Med, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were used to identify the eligible trials using two main searching strategies: the first one was to search eligible trials using keywords “Conjugated linoleic acid”, “CLA”, “Women”, and the second strategy was to extract the eligible trials from previously published systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The eligible trials were placebo control trials where women supplemented with CLA mixture in the form of oral capsules for 6 months or less. Furthermore, eligible trials reported body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), total body fat (TBF), percentage body fat (BF%), and/ or lean body mass (LBM). The quality of each included study was assessed using both JADAD scale and an adapted CONSERT checklist.Results:Meta-analysis of 8 eligible trials showed that CLA supplementation was significantly associated with reduced BW (Mean ± SD, 1.2 ± 0.26 kg, p < 0.001), BMI (0.6 ± 0.13kg/m2, p < 0.001) and TBF (0.76 ± 0.26 kg, p = 0.003) in women, when supplemented over 6–16 weeks. Subgroup meta-analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in BW (1.29 ± 0.31 kg, p < 0.001), BMI (0.60 ± 0.14 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and TBF (0.82 ± 0.28 kg, p = 0.003) in the trials that had recruited overweight-obese women. The second subgroup meta-analysis, that considered the menopausal status of the participants, found that CLA was significantly associated with reduced BW (1.35 ± 0.37 kg, p < 0.001; 1.05 ± 0.36 kg, p = 0.003) and BMI (0.50 ± 0.17 kg/m2, p = 0.003; 0.75 ± 0.2 kg/m2, p < 0.001) in both pre and post-menopausal age women, respectively. A reduction in TBF (1.09 ± 0.37 kg, p = 0.003) was only significant in post-menopausal women.Discussion:This meta-analysis suggests a moderate anti-obesity effect of CLA on BW, BMI and TBF reduction in women, when supplemented over 6–16 weeks, particularly in overweight-obese women and post-menopausal women. More well-designed trials are required to confirm this meta-analysis results.
Development of novel Vitamin B12 fortified yogurts using isolated and microencapsulated Vitamin B12
Authors: Melo Larisse , Ng Clementine , Tsang Ricky , Singh Anubhav Pratap , Kitts David , Lamers Yvonne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdults aged > 50 years, which make up to 40% of the European population, are vulnerable to low vitamin B12 (B12) status due to age-related factors that impair digestion and absorption of protein-bound B12 from natural food sources. Older adults are recommended to meeting their dietary B12 intake through the consumption of B12-fortified foods or supplements because these products contain free B12. B12 seems most bioavailable from milk products compared to other food sources, showcasing dairy as a potential vehicle for B12 food fortification. Yogurt is a versatile, popular dairy product, making it a promising food vehicle for B12 fortification to enhance the availability of B12-fortified foods for population groups at risk of B12 deficiency. With the overall goal to develop a novel, B12-fortified dairy product, the objective of this project was to compare the shelf-life stability of different chemical forms of B12 added to yogurt either in isolated or in encapsulated form. For both fortification strategies, we compared methylcobalamin (MeCB), a naturally-occurring B12 form, and cyanocobalamin (CnCB), the synthetic form of B12. Encapsulated microparticles were created by spray-drying a maize starch-derived polymeric material (EUDRAGUARD Natural®) with 1% (w/V) MeCB or CnCB. The release of B12 from encapsulated microparticles was confirmed by in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion; maximum B12 release (103% recovery) was achieved under conditions simulating the small intestine, where B12 is absorbed in the human body. Yogurts were produced by incubating whole milk (3.25% milk fat) with yogurt starter bacteria at 43°C overnight; after fermentation and cooling down, isolated (I-MeCB or I-CnCB) or encapsulated B12 powders (E-MeCB or E-CnCB) in the concentration of 50μg of B12/175 g of yogurt were added, creating stirred yogurt. Yogurts were stored at 4°C for eight weeks, with intermittent sampling for B12 stability testing using RIDASCREEN immunoassay. For CnCB-fortified yogurts, I-CnCB and E-CnCB had similar B12 concentrations at baseline (48.3μg and 48.2μg, respectively) and week 8 (53.9μg and 51.4μg, respectively). Difference in B12 content between I-CnCB and E-CnCB was < 5% for both time-points. For MeCB, similar concentrations were found for I-MeCB (64.1μg) and E-MeCB (65.0μg) at baseline; however, at week 8, E-MeCB remained stable (69.8μg) while a pronounced decrease in B12 was observed with I-MeCB (33.3μg). At week 8, I-MeCB B12 concentrations were 52% lower than E-MeCB. In conclusion, CnCB was shown to be the more stable fortificant throughout shelf-life. Encapsulation techniques are a viable option to increase MeCB stability in fortified yogurts.
Dietary carbohydrates as a means to prevent obesity and adipose tissue inflammation
Authors: Vercalsteren Ellen , Vranckx Christine , Frederix Liesbeth , Gooijen Max , Scroyen Ilse 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhen obesity arises, adipose tissue (AT) expands and shifts to an influx of pro-inflammatory cells, leading to a state of chronic AT-inflammation.Furthermore, a western diet (WD) modulates the gut microbiome, increasing intestinal permeability. This facilitates the translocation of endotoxins and even entire bacteria into the blood stream, further contributing to the pro-inflammatory state. Even though it is evident a WD, high in fat and carbohydrates (CHO), can cause AT-inflammation, it is still unclear if fat or CHO is the main inducer. Therefore, we are currently investigating the effect of different CHO-types on AT-inflammation.During 15 weeks, male C57BL/6JRj mice were kept on several diets, consisting of high-fructose (HFRD), high-sucrose-high-fructose (HCFD), high-starch (HSTD) or a WD (n = 10 per group). Weekly monitoring of body weight and food intake was followed by analyses of visceral AT-inflammation. Kruskal-wallis tests were used for statistical analysis.Mice on HSTD and HCD had gained significantly less body weight compared to mice on WD after 15 weeks of diet. Mice on HSTD also gained significantly less body weight compared to mice on HFRD and HCFD. Moreover, mice on HSTD and HCD also had significantly smaller AT-depots as compared to mice on WD. Total plasma cholesterol as well as HDL and LDL levels were significantly lower in mice on HSTD and on HCD as compared to mice on WD. Gene expression analysis revealed a significantly lower expression of several pro-inflammatory markers (F4/80, Arg1, Mannose receptor, TNF, MCP1 and Saa3) in AT of mice on HSTD and on HCD compared to a WD. A HSTD also induced lower AT-expression of MCP1 and Saa3 than a HCFD and Saa3 expression was also significantly lower in the HSTD-group compared to the HFRD-group. Furthermore, Foxp3 expression, a marker for anti-inflammatory Treg cells, was significantly increased in AT of all CHO-diet fed mice as compared to the WD-group.In conclusion, these data suggest that certain dietary carbohydrates, in contrast to a WD, do not induce obesity or AT-inflammation, including lower gene expression of Saa3. It is stated that a WD induces Saa3 expression not only in AT, but also in the colon. Furthermore, since Saa3 is able to bind bacteria and is associated with inflammation, further research is necessary to investigate Saa3 as a possible link between disturbances in the gut microbiota and AT-inflammation.
Effects of a multivitamin/mineral supplement on subjective energy ratings and substrate metabolism during demanding exercise and cognitive tasks
Authors: Dodd Fiona , Kennedy David , Stevenson Emma , Veasey Rachel , Walker Karen , Reed Stephen , Jackson Philippa , Haskell-Ramsay Crystal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionVitamins and minerals play an essential role within many cellular processes including energy production and metabolism. Biochemical changes and heightened metabolic demands lead to increases in the requirement for certain micronutrients alongside higher excretion of micronutrients through waste products, such as sweat and urine. Previously, supplementation with a multivitamin/mineral (MVM) for ≥ 28 days resulted in improvements to cognition and subjective state. Shifts in metabolism have also been demonstrated during cognitively demanding tasks following MVM in females, both acutely and following 8-week supplementation, suggesting that enhanced recovery is possible following MVM supplementation. The current study aimed to assess these effects further in males and females using metabolically challenging exercise and cognitive tasks.Materials and MethodsThis randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel groups study investigated the effects of a MVM complex in 82 healthy young (18–35y) exercisers. Subjective ratings and substrate metabolism were assessed during 30 minutes each of increasingly effortful incremental exercise and demanding cognitive tasks. Assessments took place on acute study days following a single dose (Day 1) of MVM, containing 3 times recommended daily allowance of water-soluble vitamins plus CoQ10, and following 4-week supplementation (Day 28).ResultsEnergy expenditure (EE) was increased during cognitive tasks following MVM across Day 1 and Day 28, with greater effects in males. In males, MVM also increased carbohydrate oxidation and EE during exercise across Day 1 and Day 28. In females, mental tiredness was lower during exercise; increases in physical tiredness following 30 minutes of exercise were attenuated; and stress ratings following cognitive tasks were reduced following MVM. In males, MVM only lowered mental tiredness following 10 minutes of exercise. Those receiving MVM also reported lower ratings of perceived exertion following 10 minutes of exercise. These effects were apparent irrespective of day, but effects on mental tiredness were greater on Day 28. Ferritin levels were also higher on Day 28 in those receiving MVM.DiscussionThese findings extend on existing knowledge, demonstrating increased carbohydrate oxidation and EE in males following MVM supplementation for the first time. Importantly, they show modulation of EE and subjective tiredness following a single dose, providing further evidence for acute effects of MVM. Differential effects in men and women suggest that whilst males expend more energy, females may conserve their energy but report lower tiredness instead, demonstrating that sex may play an important role in the effects of MVM on energy metabolism and should be considered in future research.
Obesity on the wards, much more than weight management: descriptive characteristics of an obese cohort in a Dublin teaching hospital
Authors: Loughnane Teresa , McKiernan Mary 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA study by Kent et al (Lancet Public Health, 2017), found a clear relationship between body weight and hospital admissions. In a recent observational study by Agarwal et al (Clinical Nutrition, 2018), one-in-three non-critically ill malnourished obese adults had poor food intake in hospital, and malnourished obese were least likely to receive nutrition support. The aim of this review was to describe the characteristics of obese inpatients referred to the dietitian and the range of nutritional care plans required. Data was collected retrospectively from dietetic records of inpatients with Body Mass Index (B.M.I.) > 35 kg / m2, who were nutritionally assessed by the registered dietitian, in a 12 month period. Data included age, sex, weight, height, B.M.I. and length of stay, as well as diagnosis, comorbidities and their nutritional management. Institutional approval was obtained for this data review. 45 patients with B.M.I. > 35 kg / m2 (30 men and 15 women) were referred to the dietitian during the time period, admitted under both medical (78%) and surgical (22%) specialities. Mean age was 58yrs (range 27–83yrs), mean BMI was 43 kg / m2 (range 35–59.4 kg / m2), 55% were morbidly obese (BMI > 40 kg / m2). Patients had multiple comorbidities requiring nutritional intervention to optimise management. 78% had Diabetes Mellitus: 57 % were on insulin. One third had renal impairment. One third had Congestive Cardiac Failure. 62% had respiratory complications, with 22% having spent time in intensive care. Following nutritional assessment, 78% required nutrition support to meet their nutritional requirements, of which 51 % required nasogastric feeding and 86% were on oral nutritional supplements. Of patients requiring nutrition support, 63% (22 patients) were also on a therapeutic diet, and 18% (8 patients) required texture modified diets. Of the patients not requiring nutrition support, 22% (n = 10):15% received nutritional education regarding diabetes and only 7% received weight management advice as inpatients. Median length of stay was 14.5 days (range 4–193 days), compared to a mean length of stay for medical and surgical patients of 10 days and 7.1 days respectively. Obese inpatients are a complicated cohort, who typically present with multiple comorbidities. They can have complex, multifocal nutritional needs and may struggle to meet their nutritional requirements as inpatients, leading to unintentional weight loss in the acute setting. This review highlights the importance of screening obese patients for malnutrition risk, and the need for early referral to the dietitian for nutritional assessment and individualised nutrition care plans.
Can we modify the Mediterranean diet for non-Mediterranean populations? Results from two randomised controlled trials.
Authors: Wade Alexandra , Davis Courtney , Dyer Kathryn , Hodgson Jonathan , Woodman Richard , Keage Hannah , Murphy Karen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Mediterranean diet is rich in bioactive nutrients and may be effective at preventing cardiovascular disease and dementia. However, long-term sustainability could be limited in non-Mediterranean populations with different nutrient requirements and food preferences. To address this issue, our research group conducted two randomised controlled trials to examine whether the Mediterranean diet can be adapted to increase sustainability for an Australian population, while still providing cardiovascular and cognitive benefits. In our first trial (n = 41), we examined a Mediterranean diet designed to meet the calcium requirements of older adults by including 3–4 daily serves of dairy foods (milk, cheese and yoghurt) (MedDairy). In our second trial (n = 33), we tested a Mediterranean diet supplemented with 2–3 weekly serves of fresh, lean pork (MedPork), designed to provide an alternate source of protein. Both trials employed a low-fat control diet (LF) and a 24-week parallel crossover design, consisting of two 8-week intervention periods and an 8-week washout separating interventions. We found that the MedDairy intervention significantly increased dairy food (mean difference = 1.0 ± 0.2 serves, P < 0.001) and calcium intake (mean difference = 25.9 ± 6.8 mg/MJ, P < 0.001) compared to LF. Further, MedDairy led to greater improvements in morning home systolic blood pressure (mean difference = -1.6 ± 0.6 mmHg, P = 0.01), triglycerides (mean difference = -0.05 ± 0.02 mmol/L, P < 0.01), HDL (mean difference = 0.04 ± 0.01 mmol/L, P = < 0.01), and total cholesterol to HDL ratio (mean difference = -0.4 ± 0.10 mmol/L, P = < 0.001). The MedDairy intervention also led to greater improvements in processing speed (P = 0.04), a measure of cognitive function, as well as self-reported mood (P = 0.01). No significant differences were observed between MedPork and LF for blood pressure or other markers of cardiometabolic health. However, the MedPork intervention led to greater improvements in processing speed (P = 0.01) and mood (P = 0.03). Our findings demonstrate that a Mediterranean diet with added dairy foods is capable of delivering adequate calcium to ageing populations while providing cardiovascular and cognitive benefits. Further, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with fresh, lean pork offers comparable cardiovascular benefits to a low-fat diet and greater improvements to cognitive function and mood. Our findings are of particular relevance to non-Mediterranean populations at risk of cardiovascular disease and dementia, and offer two options for modifying the Mediterranean diet depending on dietary priorities.