bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA22: Understanding the unique experience among Chinese immigrant breast cancer survivors
Authors: Lu Qian , Chu Qiao , Warmoth Krystal , Young Nelson , Young Lucy , Loh Alice , Wang Carol 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Little is known about the psychosocial barriers among immigrant Chinese American breast cancer survivors. The aim of the present study was to explore the psychosocial needs and challenges of Chinese American immigrant breast cancer survivors, and to develop and test culturally sensitive interventions to overcome these challenges.
Methods: Study one used the expressive writing approach to explore the experiences among Chinese immigrant breast cancer survivors. The participants were recruited through community-based organizations in Southern California, most of whom were diagnosed at Stages I and II (33% and 48%, respectively). Participants, on average, had been living in the USA for 19 years. Participants were asked to write three 20-minute essays related to their experience with breast cancer (in 3 weeks). Participants' writings were coded with line-by-line analysis, and categories and themes were generated. Study two used the expressive writing approach as an intervention among this population.
Results: Study one found that emotion suppression, perceived stigma about being a breast cancer survivor, and concerns about fulfilling multiple roles were reflected in the writings. Participants indicated their reluctance to disclose cancer diagnosis to family and friends and mentioned barriers of communicating with their husbands. Participants felt unfamiliar with the health care system and encountered language barriers. On the other hand, post-traumatic growth was also reflected in the writings. Study two found that expressive writing intervention facilitated post-traumatic growth and increased quality of life among this population.
Conclusions: Counseling services addressing concerns about stigma and communication among family members may benefit patients' adjustments. Tailor-made information in Chinese about diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer and health insurance in the USA as well as interventions to facilitate finding benefits and to reduce stress and stigma may also help patients go through the course of recovery.
Citation Format: Qian Lu, Qiao Chu, Krystal Warmoth, Nelson Young, Lucy Young, Alice Loh, Carol Wang. Understanding the unique experience among Chinese immigrant breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
Abstract IA23: Engaging refugees and immigrants in breast health education
Authors: Shogan May , Saad-Harfouche Frances 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Refugees and immigrants often come from countries where preventative medicine and cancer screening opportunities are neither attainable nor a priority. Often, preventative services like mammography are new concepts for immigrant and refugee women. Language barriers can decrease patients' access to services, especially for screening tests. Barriers to health screenings include cultural belief factors along with limited knowledge, racial discrimination, embarrassment, fear of the test and/or diagnosis, and lack of culturally appropriate health resources. While barriers make it difficult for refugee and immigrant women to gain access to health services, the need to provide culturally sensitive health educational programs that address these issues in a culturally sensitive way is essential to ensure a healthy life style for this population. The International Institute has over 100 years of experience in serving refugees and immigrants in many capacities and is considered a reliable resource within the local immigrant and refugee community. The Institute worked closely with Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, local community health centers, and resettlement agencies to provide culturally tailored health education programming to over 1500 refugee and immigrant women and men, and screened approximately 400 women for mammography and clinical breast exams. Additionally, the institute has educated over 1,000 local health care providers working with the immigrant and refugee population on the importance of cultural competency in order to impact their cultural sensitivity in their current medical practices. Educational programs that train health care providers in cultural competency have been shown to improve patient-provider interaction. Successful methods used in working with the immigrant and refugee population include utilizing cultural and linguistic diverse staff, proficient interpreters and translators, and partnering with community-based agencies that also serve this population. Building trust and creating personal relationships with female attendees are crucial in working with the immigrant and refugee population. Fear of the cancer test and/or diagnosis is a major barrier for most immigrant/refugee women, and to freely discuss breast health and the importance of cancer screening is a novel concern, as the word “cancer” is taboo in most cultures and is not openly discussed. This presentation will discuss strategies used to engage this diverse population and discuss lessons learned from multiple community-based educational programs on breast health among immigrant and refugee females.
Citation Format: May Shogan, Frances Saad-Harfouche. Engaging refugees and immigrants in breast health education [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA23.
Abstract IA24: Effect of migration to the US on health characteristics of the African diaspora
Authors: Ragin Camille 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
People of African descent have migrated to Philadelphia since the 17th century. First arriving by forced migration and then voluntary migration, the current Black population is heterogeneous, consisting of individuals of US ancestry (direct descendants of enslaved Africans in the US) and individuals of African and Caribbean ancestry (descendants or individuals who have voluntarily migrated to the US post-slavery). While Africa is the common ancestral origin of these Black subgroups, migrants' (whether newly arrived or settled) health characteristics usually differ from the health characteristics represented in their native country. Recent data from our US-based cohort of diverse Black participants (The Cancer Prevention Project of Philadelphia—CAP3) reveal distinct differences in health-related behaviors between US-born Blacks, Caribbean immigrants, and African immigrants. As length of time in the US increased, cancer screening habits, smoking, and BMI increase and suggest that as immigrants begin to assimilate with the dominant culture, they learn both positive and negative health behaviors.
Citation Format: Camille Ragin. Effect of migration to the US on health characteristics of the African diaspora [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA24.
Abstract IA25: The role of genetics and microbiomics in colorectal cancer among African American patients
Authors: Ashktorab Hassan , Brim Hassan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third cause of death in the USA and genomic and microbiomic alterations play an important role in its development. Much of the underlying genomic “cancer driver” mutations and microbiomic actors in sporadic CRC are still under investigation. Here, we report the identification of distinct novel variants from CRC patients in mismatch repair (MMR) genes (MSH2, MHS3, and MSH6), and APC. We used targeted sequencing in 138 colon tissues to examine 98.8% of the targeted exons and splice junctions at a depth of sequencing that allowed for high confidence variant calling. After alignment and variant calling, we annotated the variants with information from the 1000 Genomes Project, COSMIC, Polyphen2, and PFAM domain and transcription factor motifs. Excluding synonymous SNVs, 212 deleterious variants in adenoma, 760 in advanced adenoma, and 2624 variants in tumors were detected. Novel variants (1591 and 1363) were found in MMR genes (MSH6 and MSH3) and APC gene, respectively. We also evaluated the utility of fecal bacterial marker candidates identified by our metagenomic analysis for CRC diagnosis. We identified Fusobacterium nucleatum as a major marker when comparing cancer vs. matched normal tissue and adenoma patients' stools vs. healthy subjects' stools. We also identified a novel bacterium Streptococcus sp. VT_162 with high diagnostic value in stool samples of preneoplastic patients. In vitro experiments showed that this bacterium promotes several carcinogenic pathways and downregulates apoptotic functions. This bacterium's diagnostic value was validated in an independent CRC cohort. Together our findings highlight the relevance of APC gene in CRC onset but also the potential underestimation of the MSI-H phenotype, especially the one associating with MSH3 alterations that correlate with poor prognosis. Many of the so-called “uncertain significance” novel mutations in MMR genes detected here were of a deleterious nature with potential therapeutic impact. Functional analysis of the novel gene targets is needed to confirm their roles in associated carcinogenic pathways. The role of immune markers is an important player in MMR defective tumors (MSI) as a result of neoantigen formation and in response to microbiomic alterations. These findings might facilitate noninvasive screening for CRC.
Citation Format: Hassan Ashktorab, Hassan Brim. The role of genetics and microbiomics in colorectal cancer among African American patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA25.
Abstract IA27: Exploring the impact of African ancestry in tumor immune response, a possible role in disparate clinical outcomes
Authors: Davis Melissa B. , Jenkins Brittany D. , Martini Rachel A. , Ali Haythem , Yates Clayton C. , Howerth Elizabeth A. , Nikolinakos Petros , Monteil Michele , Newman Lisa A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Disparities in breast cancer survival among ethnic groups have been a persistent finding over the past five decades, exacerbated in part by the lack of improvement to non-white patient outcomes, despite treatment advancements that have improved clinical outcomes in white women. A significant part of this disparity is health equity; however, recent evidence from several groups indicates that histologic and pathologic diversity in tumor phenotypes among ethnic groups is also a key factor affecting the differences in clinical outcome. Specifically, correlated findings among women with significant West African ancestry reveal that there is a genetic link between women across the African Diaspora that is associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes, including triple-negative breast cancer. Aside from the global incidence of TNBC being higher in regions with relatively higher numbers of women with African ancestry, we also find that pathologic progression of tumors in African Americans tends to mimic that of African women. Tumor progression is directly related to the immune response elicited by the onset of tumor growth as well as the underlying tissue microenvironment, particularly the inflammatory status. We have identified several lines of evidence that suggest there is a distinct immune response to breast cancer, which is also tumor phenotype/subtype specific, when comparing patients of significant African ancestry with those of primarily European ancestry. These findings suggest that there could be a unique mechanism of tumor immunology at work, driven by population private genetic alleles derived in Africa and transmitted throughout the African Diaspora, causing a unique tumor phenotype in these breast cancer patients. This unique phenotype is likely the key factor in distinct treatment responses that result in poorer clinical outcomes for African American women.
Citation Format: Melissa B. Davis, Brittany D. Jenkins, Rachel A. Martini, Haythem Ali, Clayton C. Yates, Elizabeth A. Howerth, Petros Nikolinakos, Michele Monteil, Lisa A. Newman. Exploring the impact of African ancestry in tumor immune response, a possible role in disparate clinical outcomes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA27.
Abstract IA47: Disparities in access and outcomes: Actions and consequences
Authors: Wong Sandra L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Disparities in cancer care quality and outcomes are well documented, and an increasing evidence base informs a deeper understanding of the complex determinants of such disparities and their interactions. However, because the interactions are incompletely understood, work to achieve equity in cancer care has not demonstrated the desired impact in eliminating, or even meaningfully reducing, disparities at the population level. Current strategies to reduce health care disparities must take the value proposition into account, balancing the tenets of payment reform with improvements in access and quality. Coordinating the actions of policymakers and providers (including health systems and front-line clinical teams) is critical in making intentional forward progress. The impact of well-intended policies is often difficult to anticipate. This talk will highlight examples of policies and trends in health care delivery with unintended consequences on the very cancer outcomes they were meant to improve.
Citation Format: Sandra L. Wong. Disparities in access and outcomes: Actions and consequences [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA47.
Abstract IA52: Tools for assessing social determinants of health
Authors: Gomez Scarlett Lin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In 2017, AACR, ASCO, ACS, and NCI published a statement stemming from a think tank on the future of research in cancer health disparities. This statement, published in several leading oncology journals, offered recommendations in five areas for advancing cancer health disparities research. This presentation will review the recommendations for the area “defining measures and tools for the next generation of cancer health disparities research,” describe efforts to standardize data collection for social determinants of health, and explore emerging methodologic challenges in the measurement of social determinants in cancer health disparities research.
Citation Format: Scarlett Lin Gomez. Tools for assessing social determinants of health [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA52.
Abstract 03: Model regularization and considerations: Tuning dynamic borrowing in a hybrid clinical trial under Bayesian and frequentist framework
Authors: Li Ruilin , Zhu Jiawen , Fridlyand Jane 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
There has been growing interest in leveraging existing external control data to facilitate clinical trial inferences and decision making. In recent years, the quality of real-world data (RWD) improved significantly, allowing it to be considered for being used as an external control. Borrowing by directly pooling from such external controls to underpowered randomized study has a potential to lead to biased estimates, and a dynamic borrowing framework is recommended to better control false positive outcomes (Lewis et al., 2019). However, the parameter tuning of Bayesian methods of dynamic borrowing remains challenging in order to optimize trial operating characteristics. To provide a general guidance on prior selection and parameter tuning, we implemented and evaluated multiple popular Bayesian prior settings through computational simulations and provided a described relationship to the corresponding frequentist model with regularization. Recommended prior distribution characteristics and practical considerations are proposed.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Ruilin Li, Jiawen Zhu, Jane Fridlyand. Model regularization and considerations: Tuning dynamic borrowing in a hybrid clinical trial under Bayesian and frequentist framework [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advancing Precision Medicine Drug Development: Incorporation of Real-World Data and Other Novel Strategies; Jan 9-12, 2020; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(12_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 03.
Abstract 04: Precise recruitment for precision oncology: RWD use for feasibility and patient identification
Authors: Gowrisankar Sivakumar , Qu Angela 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), that encodes c-MET receptor, is a proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase that is involved in a variety of cell-signaling pathways. In normal cells, MET is activated by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and is involved in the control of tissue homeostasis. In cancer cells, abnormal MET signaling is associated with angiogenesis and progression. Several activating mutations, including MET gene amplification, overexpression, exon 14 skipping, and fusions, have been associated with several cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal, gastric, and head and neck cancers. In addition, MET amplification is often seen in NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Many small molecules and antibodies, such as cabozantinib, tepotinib, and onartuzumab, have been designed to inhibit c-MET and other tyrosine kinases. Many of these drugs only work for a subset of patients with very specific mutations. Finding the right patient for the right drug is one of the biggest challenges facing precision oncology trials. Traditionally, drug companies often would need to go with empirical information, choosing sites that were highly likely to care for patients who might harbor specific mutations and be able to participate in the clinical trials. This often means screening patients for specific MET mutations, with a high chance of failure rate in recruitment. Real-world evidence (RWE) and real-world data (RWD) are emerging areas with primary mandates to repurpose health care data generated in the real world. Specifically for oncology, RWE/RWD has been instrumental in finding the right treatment pathway for patients, identifying novel biomarkers for diseases, finding comorbidities, and identifying patients who are most likely to benefit from experimental drugs. In this presentation we will describe our RWD-based approach to identify patients with MET amplification or exon 14 skipping across cancer types, along with their site or location information. More specifically, we leverage RWD sources with access to records of patients who have consented to share their relevant information. These sources include genomic molecular profiling labs, electronic health records, and data from historical trial sites, with records linked using various integration techniques. We will present our findings with preliminary data, describe the data sources used, outline the technologies leveraged, and conclude with lessons learned.
Citation Format: Sivakumar Gowrisankar, Angela Qu. Precise recruitment for precision oncology: RWD use for feasibility and patient identification [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advancing Precision Medicine Drug Development: Incorporation of Real-World Data and Other Novel Strategies; Jan 9-12, 2020; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(12_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 04.
Abstract 14: Computer-aided discovery of small-molecule inhibitors targeting neural transcription factor BRN2 in neuroendocrine prostate tumors
Authors: Munuganti Ravi , Thaper Daksh , Aguda Adeleke , Kim Soojin , Sivak Olena , Zoubeidi Amina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Therapies targeting tumor-fueling androgens have been mainstay treatments of advanced prostate cancer for almost 5 decades. While the androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor enzalutamide (ENZ) prolongs survival of castration-resistant prostate cancer patients (CRPC), ENZ-resistant (ENZR) tumors rapidly recur. Our laboratory has identified that ENZ resistance can occur both in the presence and absence of continued classical AR activity. Lack of AR activity is clinically relevant, as it has been estimated that up to 25% of men who die from advanced CRPC have non-AR driven disease and lethal AR inactive neuroendocrine and anaplastic phenotypes of CRPC emerge after hormone therapy. Recently our group identified the neural transcription factor BRN2 as a major clinically relevant driver of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Hence, using the integrated power of computational drug discovery platform and biologic testing, we identified first-in-field inhibitors for BRN2. First, a homology model of BRN2 protein was generated and used as an input to perform large-scale virtual screening and virtual hits were tested in a series of experiments. Cpd 18-14, a lead BRN2 inhibitor, exhibited profound inhibition of BRN2 in transcriptional assay and binding to the BRN2 in cellular and in vitro assays. Furthermore, Cpd18-14 reduced the expression of neuroendocrine genes SOX2 and NCAM1. Importantly, Cpd18-14 displayed antiproliferative activity specifically in patient-derived BRN2hi NCI-H660 and in house-developed 42DENZRcells while displaying no effect on BRN2low 16DCRPC and LNCaP cells. Further, the most stable binding orientation of Cpd18-14 was determined using molecular dynamics simulations and was used to carry out structure-based lead optimization. As a result, we developed several synthetic derivatives with significant improvement in antiproliferative activity and metabolic stability. Finally, Cpd18-94 reduced the growth of NCI-H660 and 42DENZR NEPC tumors significantly in xenograft models. We anticipate that the developed drug prototypes will lay a foundation for the development of small-molecule therapies capable of combating highly aggressive and lethal form of neuroendocrine tumors.
Citation Format: Ravi Munuganti, Daksh Thaper, Adeleke Aguda, Soojin Kim, Olena Sivak, Amina Zoubeidi. Computer-aided discovery of small-molecule inhibitors targeting neural transcription factor BRN2 in neuroendocrine prostate tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advancing Precision Medicine Drug Development: Incorporation of Real-World Data and Other Novel Strategies; Jan 9-12, 2020; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(12_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 14.