bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Fingertip Injuries
Authors: Neustein Thomas M. , Payne Samuel H. , Seiler John G. 
Published: April 2020

» The goal of care when treating fingertip injuries is to minimize the risk of infection while maximizing function, tactile sensation, digit length, pulp padding, and appearance. This outcome can be achieved with careful soft-tissue coverage and, if possible, nail-bed preservation.» When replantation for a fingertip amputation is not possible for anatomic or logistical reasons, local or regional flap reconstruction can be a useful alternative to gain early soft-tissue coverage and allow more functional rehabilitation.» Reviewing current fingertip soft-tissue coverage procedures and demonstrating key anatomic and technical points with cadaveric dissections provides a foundation for the incorporation of these techniques into practice.
Numerical Analysis of Complex Fracture Propagation Under Temporary Plugging Conditions in a Naturally Fractured Reservoir
Authors: Lu Cong , Luo Yang , Li Junfeng , Chen Chi , Xiao Yongjun , Liu Wang , Lu Hongguang , Guo Jianchun 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Temporary plugging during fracturing operations has become an efficient method to create a complex fracture network in tight reservoirs with natural fractures (NFs). Accurate prediction of the network-propagation process plays a critical role in plugging- and fracturing-parameter optimization. In this paper, the interaction between one single hydraulic fracture (HF) within a temporary plugging segment and multiple NFs was simulated using a complex fracture-development model. A new opening criterion for an NF penetrated by a nonorthogonal HF already was implemented to identify the dominant propagation direction of a HF under plugging conditions. Fracture displacements and the induced-stress field were determined by the 3D displacement-discontinuity method, and the Gauss-Jordan and Levenberg-Marquardt methods were combined to handle the coupling between rock mechanics and fluid flow numerically. Numerical results demonstrate that the opening and development of an NF are mainly dominated by its approaching angle and relative location. For a certain NF crossed by an HF within the plugging segment, the HF tends to propagate along the NF branch inclined in the main HF direction. The farther the interaction position is away from the HF tip, the easier the NF with an approaching angle less than 30° or larger than 150° can be open, and the outcome will be opposite if the approaching angle is larger than 45° or less than 135°. Higher approaching angle and plugging strength is necessary for expanding the position scope of NF that can be opened around HF. Under the effect of plugging, fluid pressure in the HF plummets at the beginning of the NF opening and keeps decreasing until the NF extends for a certain distance or encounters secondary NFs. Fluid-pressure drop occurs mainly in the unturned NF, together with the width of unturned NF being significantly lower than that of the turned NF and HF. Sensitivity analysis shows that the main factors, such as geometry, aperture profile, and fluid-pressure distribution, affecting the network progress under the temporary plugging conditions are the horizontal differential stress, NF position, approaching angle, plugging time, and plugging-segment length. The simulation results provide critical insight into complex fracture-propagation progress under temporary plugging conditions, which should serve as guidelines for well choosing and plugging optimization in temporary plugging fracturing.
Role of the initial degree of anaemia and treatment model in the prognosis of gastric cancer patients treated by chemotherapy: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Li Wenhuan , Zhang Ji-Yu , Liu Wen-Hui , Chen Xian-Xian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background：Anaemia is highly prevalent in gastric cancer (GC) patients. The role of initial haemoglobin levels in predicting the prognosis of GC patients treated by chemotherapy has not been well determined. Our present study aims to evaluate the relationship between the degree of anaemia and the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with GC.Methods: Our retrospective study enrolled 598 patients who were treated with chemotherapy when the recurrent or metastatic GCs were unsuitable for surgical resection. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors that had the potential to affect patient prognosis. Additionally, the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics, including treatment method, and degree of cancer-related reduction in haemoglobin was further analysed.Results: Our results revealed that patients with HBini level ≤ 80 g/L had a trend toward a shortened median OS and PFS (p=0.009 and p=0.049, respectively). Interestingly, we also found that HBdec ≥30 g/L was associated with a significantly shortened median OS and PFS (p=0.039 and p=0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that HBini levels ≤80 g/L could be used as an independent prognostic factor for recurrent and metastatic GC. More importantly, HBdec ≥30 g/L and treatment response were also significantly associated with OS and PFS. Furthermore, the degree of haemoglobin decrease was associated with chemotherapy including platinum and the number of chemotherapy cycles.Conclusion: Our study concludes that the initial degree of anaemia and a decrease in haemoglobin of ≥ 30 g/L can serve as biomarkers to predict prognosis in recurrent or metastatic GC patients, while chemotherapy treatment rather than red blood cell (RBC) transfusion can improve their prognosis. Additionally, platinum should not be recommended for treating severely anaemic GC patients.
Very High Throughput Many-Persons-To-1-Test-Kit Infectious Disease Screening
Authors: Tay Hiok Nam 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic presses huge demand for testing capacity. We posted a new idea--multiplier grid (MG)--online in mid-March 2020 and circulated a writeup by email shortly after to address this issue. It enables use of a moderate number of test kits to screen a large number of individuals to look for a small number of infected individuals. Now, we describe a protocol to implement the MG based on existing diagnostic technologies and existing automated lab equipment. Using industry standard 96-well plate (reserving first 2 wells for positive/negative controls), screening 94*94 = 8,836 individuals needs only 2*96 = 192 sets of test kits, with multiplier being 46. If a test costs $250/kit, with MG per person cost goes down to about $5. The very low cost makes periodic blanket screening (e.g. twice weekly) post-lockdown feasible, without putting pressure on reagent supply and equipment time. Going further, pooling samples from individuals that share the same basic unit of the population beforehand boosts the multiplier further to 46*4 = 184 for average household size of 4, and the number of individuals screened to 94*94*4 = 34,344, using only 2*96 + 4 = 196 sets of test kits. the MG can also be used in livestock farming to detect infection early to avoid mass culling.
Unsafe medication administration experience in nursing practice at Public Hospitals of Harari region, eastern Ethiopia: Phenomenological Study
Authors: Mijena Gelana Fekadu , Oljira Amanuel , Geda Biftu , Egata Gudina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The unsafe medication administration is one of the most medication related problems which causes harm and death to the patients and threatens the healthcare system. Medication administration is predominantly the role of nurses. This study was aimed to explore the nurse’s experience of unsafe medication administration at public hospitals in Harari region, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A phenomenological study design was conducted. The data were collected among 11 nurses from March 1 to 31, 2019. The tape recorder and note taking was used to collect the data by in-depth interview and key informant interview method. Open code software version 3.4 was used to write memos, coding and categorizing under their inductive thematic areas. Thematic analysis method were used. Result: The study had explored nurse’s experience of unsafe medication administration. Nurses have reported that they have ever experienced unsafe medication administration like, wrong time, medication, patient and self-stick injury during their practice. i) Organizational factors: inadequate resource, lack of clear policy and job description, lack of supervision and poor collaboration among staffs. ii) Precondition challenges: expensive medication, frequently changed and too much prescription for a single patient, new medications with limited information. iii) Individual nurses factors: work absenteeism, lack of training and knowledge gap.Conclusion: The organizational culture, precondition challenges and individual nurse’s factors was found to be a major factors linked to unsafe medication administration practice. So tailored intervention is needed to reduce the unsafe medication administration in nursing practice.
The Rumen Microbiome in Dry Dairy Cows Reveals the Specific Bacteriome Contributing to Various Physiological Roles and Phenotypes
Authors: Chuang Shih-Te , HO SHANG-TSE , Tu Po-Wen , Li Kuan-Yi , Kuo Yu-Lun , Shiu Jia-Shian , Wang Sheng-Yao , Chen Ming-Ju 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Most microbiome studies of dairy cows have investigated the compositions and functions of rumen microbial communities in lactating dairy cows. The importance of the relationships among hosts, microbiota, diet composition, and milk production remains unknown in dry dairy cows. Thus, in the present study, the composition of the rumen microbiome in cows from three dairy farms was investigated to identify core bacteria contributing to various physiological roles during rumen fermentation in dry dairy cows.
Results

The results indicated that ruminal fluid in dry dairy cows from different regional farms had core rumen microbiota that could be clearly distinguished from that of cows of the other farms. Further identification of key microorganisms associated with each farm revealed that Prevotella, Methanobrevibacter, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and Streptococcus were major contributors. Spearmen’s correlation indicated that the abundance of genera such as Prevotella and Ruminococcus in dry dairy cows could indicate milk yield in the previous lactating period. Functional pathway analysis of the rumen bacterial communities demonstrated that amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were the major pathways.
Conclusions

Our findings provide knowledge of the composition and predicted functions of rumen microbiota in dry dairy cows from regional farms, which underscores the importance of the relationships among hosts, microbiota, diet composition, and milk production.
Screening of five marine-derived fungal strains for their potential to produce oxidases with laccase activities suitable for biotechnological applications
Authors: ALI Wissal BEN , Chaduli Delphine , Navarro David , Lechat Christian , Turbé-Doan Annick , Bertrand Emmanuel , Faulds Craig , Sciara Giuliano , Lesage-Meessen Laurence , Record Eric , Mechichi Tahar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : Environmental pollution is one of the major problems that the world is facing today. Several approaches have been taken, from physical and chemical methods to biotechnological strategies (e.g. the use of oxidoreductases). Oxidative enzymes from microorganisms offer eco-friendly, cost–effective processes amenable to biotechnological applications, such as in industrial dye decolorization. The aim of this study was to screen marine-derived fungal strains isolated from three coastal areas in Tunisia to identify laccase-like activities, and to produce and characterize active cell-free supernatants of interest for dye decolorization.Results : Following the screening of 20 fungal strains isolated from the harbors of Sfax and Monastir (Tunisia), five strains were identified that displayed laccase-like activities. Molecular-based taxonomic approaches identified these strains as belonging to the species Trichoderma asperellum , Stemphylium lucomagnoense and Aspergillus nidulans . Among these five isolates, one T. asperellum strain ( T. asperellum 1) gave the highest level of secreted oxidative activities, and so was chosen for further studies. Optimization of the growth medium for liquid cultures was first undertaken to improve the level of laccase-like activity in culture supernatants. Finally, the culture supernatant of T. asperellum 1 decolorized different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse dye families, in the presence or absence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) as a mediator.Conclusions : The optimal growth conditions to produce laccase-like active cell-free supernatants from T. asperellum 1 were 1.8 mM CuSO 4 as an inducer, 1% NaCl to mimic a seawater environment and 3% sucrose as a carbon source. The culture supernatant of T. asperellum 1 effectively decolorized different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse chemical classes, and the presence of HBT as a mediator improved the decolorization process.
Work ability index and occupational Fatigue in the Workers of a Large Automotive company in Iran
Authors: Sharifian Seyed Akbar , Eftekhari Sahar , Aminian Omid , Bahrani Tayebe , Rasooli Seyed Ramin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Work ability and occupational fatigue are two critical topics in occupational health. We aimed to assess fatigue and the work ability and find their association in the workers of a large Iranian car company.
Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled the workers of SAIPA Automotive Corporation between April and September 2019. We used the Work Ability Index and SOFI-20 questionnaires to assess the work ability and occupational fatigue in the study population, respectively. Then the correlation between work ability index and its association with fatigue dimensions and general study variables were tested.
Results

From a total of 400 workers, we analyzed the data of 376 workers (mean age = 37.1 ± 5.6 years). The mean WAI was 38.01 ± 7.46. Workers with regular exercise training had higher WAI (P < 0.001). Workers in the press shop had a higher WAI as compared with those who worked in the painting shop or trim shop (P < 0.001). The work ability index had a moderate indirect correlation with all of the fatigue dimensions. There was a significant association between the work stations (P = 0.002) and WAI. As regards the fatigue dimensions, higher physical discomfort, lack of motivation and sleepiness were associated with a lower WAI (P = 0.048, P = 0.012 and P < 0.001 respectively).
Conclusion

In this study, we found a negative association between fatigue dimensions and the workability index.
Prevalence of workplace violence against nurses in Iran and its related factors
Authors: Aghayan Shahrokh , Bagherian Zahra , Zolfaghari Pouneh , Daghyanous Batoul , Sohrabi Mohammad Bagher 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Workplace violence is a relatively common problem in most jobs. The medical personnel especially nursing staff has been exposed to a great deal of violence from patients, companions, and colleagues, and it is necessary to determine its frequency by controlling it. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of workplace violence against nurses. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive study which was performed among 200 qualified nursing staff working in Imam Hossain Hospital in Shahroud of Iran. In this study, after selecting individuals and obtaining informed consent, demographic and workplace violence questionnaires in health sector were collected. Results: Of the 200 participants, 177 (88.5%) were female and the rest were male. The mean age of the participants was 35.8 ± 13.5 years. 81.5% of who were nurses. Also, was showed that psychological violence with the prevalence of 68.5% during the last year was the most violent occurrence against the nurses working in this center. Workplace violence variables were significantly associated with job of nurses (p<0.033), work experience of less than 5 years (p<0.027), work of service in emergency ward (p<0.029), work shift of nurses in circulate shirt (p<0.001), violent male sex (p<0.036) and time of violence in discharge time (p<0.011). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the incidence of violence against nurses was relatively common and the most frequent was psychological abuse. Although it is not easy to accurately calculate violence against medical staff, it is important to carefully examine the same.
Motives for Obtaining a Doctorate and Perceived Meaningfulness of Doctorates: A Comparison between Medicine and Life Sciences
Authors: Epstein Nurith , Huber Johanna , Redies Kathrin , Heuser Sonja , Lachmann Daniel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: In Germany, more than half of the students complete a doctorate in the life sciences and medicine. Thus the doctorate, which is supposed to pave the way for a research career, also seems to perform other functions. In medicine, there is a cliché that students earn doctorates for reasons of prestige but in the life sciences, there is an assumption that you will not succeed on the labor market without a doctorate. To date, we know little about the actual motives for earning a doctorate and its perceived meaningfulness after graduation. Methods: Motives for obtaining a doctorate from both subject groups were analyzed using data from the E-Prom study (N = 1518). For medicine, additional data from the Bavarian Graduate Study MediBAS (N = 570) were analyzed. Qualitative interview data from the E-Prom study (N = 28) were used to better understand the motives for obtaining a doctorate in their substance and to compare them with the retrospectively perceived meaningfulness. Results: In medicine, the motives of “customariness” and feared “career disadvantages” predominate. Approximately half of the medical doctoral graduates had little or no interest to do research during or after the doctorate. In the life sciences, customariness and feared career disadvantages are important motives, too. However, research (career) interest also receives high and significantly higher approval than in medicine. Moreover, female medical graduates express significantly lower research and career motives; the latter also applies to the life sciences. The qualitative analyzes indicate a close connection between career paths and justifications of meaningfulness of the doctorate in the life sciences. In medicine, justifications of meaningfulness are closely related to initial motives for obtaining a doctorate. Hence, people who only pursued a doctorate to bear a title accordingly justified their doctorate’s meaningfulness merely with its acquisition. Conclusion: Our results stress the need for greater promotion of (academic) research careers among medical students, as well as the promotion of female careers in and outside of academic research. Further investigations are necessary to understand the exact mechanisms behind our results and to develop effective interventions.
Does dynapenic abdominal obesity accelerate the decline in physical performance in older adults?
Authors: Máximo Roberta de Oliveira , Oliveira Dayane Capra de , Ramirez Paula Camila , Luiz Mariane Marques , Souza Aline Fernanda de , Delinocente Maicon Luís Bicigo , Steptoe Andrew , Oliveira Cesar de , Alexandre Tiago da Silva 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

There are few epidemiological evidences of sex differences in the association between dynapenic abdominal obesity and the decline in physical performance among older adults.
Objectives

To investigate whether the decline in physical performance is worse in individuals with dynapenic abdominal obesity and whether there are sexes differences in this association.
Methods

A longitudinal analysis was conducted with 3,881 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing aged 60 years or older in an eight-year follow-up period. The outcome was physical performance evaluated using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Abdominal obesity was determined based on waist circumference (> 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women). Dynapenia was determined based on grip strength (< 26 kg for men < 16 kg for women). The sample was divided into four different groups: non-dynapenic/non-abdominal obese (ND/NAO); non-dynapenic/abdominal obese (ND/AO); dynapenic/non-abdominal obese (D/NAO); and dynapenic/abdominal obese (D/AO). Changes in SPPB performance levels in these groups, stratified by sex, were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models adjusted by sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics.
Results

At baseline, women with D/AO had the worst performance on the SPPB among the groups analyzed (-1.557 points; 95% CI: -1.915 to -1.199; p < 0.001), and men with D/AO had a worse performance on the SPPB compared to those in the ND/NAO and ND/AO groups (-1.179 points; 95% CI: -1.639 to -0.717; p < 0.001). Over the eight-year follow-up, men with D/AO had a faster decline in performance on the SPPB compared to those in the ND/NAO group (-0.106 points per year; 95% CI: -0.208 to -0.004; p < 0.05).
Conclusion

Dynapenic abdominal obesity accelerates the decline in physical performance in men but not women.
Accurate physical modeling and synchronization control of dual-linear-motor-driven gantry with dynamic load
Authors: Li Chao , Chen Zheng , Yang Can , Yao Bin , Pu Shiliang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To achieve high-accuracy tracking of dual-linear-motor-driven (DLMD) gantry, high-level synchronization between redundant actuators is a nonnegligible factor and also a difficult issue to be solved prior. Especially, when both XY axes are simultaneously operating to accomplish complex tasks efficiently, additional coupling effects will be generated by the dynamic load presented on the crossbeam, which makes the synchronization issue more complicated compared to the case with static load. However, due to the absence of an accurate model to fully reveal the complete coupling characteristics, existing approaches to this issue still have inherent limitations. Therefore, this paper focuses on the systematic physical modeling and synchronization control of DLMD gantry with a dynamic load presented on the crossbeam. A complete coupling mathematical model is established firstly, by fully considering two linear motions (X-axis and Y-axis) and also including the additional rotational motion of the crossbeam. Built upon the effective model information, corresponding solutions by compensating the dynamic load effects and actively controlling the rotational dynamic to regulate the internal forces have been proposed, leading to a novel adaptive robust synchronization control method. Comparative experiments are carried out, and the results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in dealing with synchronization issue subjected to dynamic load effects.