bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling and study of MHD flow of Williamson nanofluid over a nonlinear stretching plate with activation energy
Authors: Dawar Abdullah , Shah Zahir , Islam Saeed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the Williamson nanofluid flow through a nonlinear stretching plate. It aims to analze the global influence of Williamson parameter (λ) rather than local, which is researched for a linear stretching case in the literature. In addition, the features of activation energy are also taken into account in the current review. The developed model with the consequent similarity transformation has still not been perceived. The transformed partial differential equations are solved analytically. The consequences of embedded parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are displayed through figures. Also, the consequences of embedded parameters on skin friction, heat transfer, and mass transfer are demonstrated through tables.
The role of chlorine atom on the binding between acrylonitrile derivatives and fat mass and obesity‐associated protein
Authors: Bai Ning , Gan Ya , Li Xitong , Gao Shuting , Yu Wenquan , Wang Ruiyong , Chang Junbiao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, seven acrylonitrile derivatives were selected as potential inhibitors of fat and obesity‐related proteins (FTO) by the aid of fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, molecular docking, and cytotoxicity methods. Results show that the interaction between 3‐amino‐2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐3‐phenylacrylonitrile (1a) and FTO was the strongest among these derivatives. Thermodynamic analysis and molecular modeling show that the main force between 1a and FTO is hydrophobic interaction. The cytotoxicity test showed that the IC50 value of 1a was 46.64 μmol/L, which indicated 1a had the smallest IC50 value and had the best inhibitory effect on the proliferation of leukemia K562 cells among the seven derivatives. Both our previous results and this work show that chlorine atoms play important role in the binding of small molecules and FTO. This work brings new information for the study of FTO inhibitors.
Non‐severe immunosuppression might be associated with a lower risk of moderate–severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID‐19: A pilot study
Authors: Monreal Enric , Maza S Sainz de la , Gullón Pedro , Natera‐Villalba Elena , Chico‐García Juan Luis , Beltrán‐Corbellini Álvaro , Martínez‐Sanz Javier , García‐Barragán Nuria , Buisán Javier , Toledano Rafael , Alonso‐Canovas Araceli , Pérez‐Torre Paula , Matute‐Lozano María C. , López‐Sendón Jose Luis , García‐Ribas Guillermo , Corral Íñigo , Fortún Jesús , Montero‐Errasquín Beatriz , Manzano Luis , Máiz‐Carro Luis , Costa‐Frossard Lucienne , Masjuan Jaime ,   for the COVID‐HRC Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe role of immunosuppression among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients has not been elucidated and management may be challenging. This observational study included confirmed COVID‐19 patients. The primary endpoint was the development of moderate–severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Time to moderate–severe ARDS, the need for mechanical or noninvasive ventilation (MV/NIV), death, and a composite of death or MV/NIV were secondary endpoints. Of 138 patients included, 27 (19.6%) were immunosuppressed (IS) and 95 (68.8%) were male, with a median (IQR) age of 68 (54–78) years. A significantly lower proportion of IS patients (25.9%) compared to non‐IS patients (52.3%) developed moderate–severe ARDS, in both unadjusted (0.32; 95% CI, 0.13–0.83; p = .017) and adjusted (aOR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.08–0.80; p = .019) analyses. After stratifying by pathologies, only IS patients with autoimmune diseases remained significant (aOR 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07–0.98; p = .046). Nonsignificant trends toward a longer time to moderate or severe ARDS, a lower need for MV/NIV, and a lower risk of death or MV/NIV were detected among IS. In our cohort of COVID‐19 patients, nonsevere immunosuppression was associated with a lower risk of moderate–severe ARDS, especially among AD. This suggests a potential protective effect from a hypothesized hyper‐inflammatory response.
Self‐Healable, Highly Stretchable Modified Epoxy Resin Materials by Incorporation with Quadruple Hydrogen‐Bonded Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wei Yafeng , Li Rui , Wan Yuqin , Zhang Xinyue , Ouyang Xiao , Wang Guojun , Ma Ning , Wei Hao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmong the multiple hydrogen bonding compounds, 2‐ureido‐4[1H]‐6‐methyl‐pyrimidinone (UPy) derivatives are most used for fabrication of functional supramolecular assemblies based on the strong quadruple hydrogen bonding between UPy moieties. In this work, a self‐healable and highly stretchable epoxy resin system with high heal efficiency is designed and prepared by the composite of UPy‐modified epoxy resin and UPy‐terminated supramolecular polymers. The elongation at break of the highly stretchable epoxy resin reaches 247% and the tensile strength of the material is 3.10 MPa with tensile test. The mechanical properties of the material (which is cut into two parts) can be restored to 99% (the elongation at break is 246% and the tensile strength is 2.80 MPa) after 2 h of heating at 90 °C. As a bulk material, the supramolecular polymer incorporated epoxy resin could maintain its mechanical properties when used as a healable substrate for conductive experiments. This line of research may provide a new approach for design and preparation of novel self‐healable epoxy resin materials.
Effect of Geometrical Parameters on Piezoresponse of Nanofibrous Wearable Piezoelectric Nanofabrics Under Low Impact Pressure
Authors: Forouzan Amin , Yousefzadeh Maryam , Latifi Masoud , Jose Rajan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPiezoelectric polymers are potential energizers for wearable electronics due to the possibility of developing their yarns for various textile products. The present study is aimed at understanding the effect of geometrical parameters, viz., yarn linear density (measured as Tex), twist per meter (TPM), plying, as well as weft and warp density on the piezoelectric voltage of electrospun yarns of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer and poly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐co‐trifluoroethylene] [P(VDF‐TrFE)] copolymer. Yarns are developed by twisting and plying electrospun nanofibers and their mechanical and piezoelectric properties are systematically investigated. Relative advantages of the yarns of the copolymer with respect to PVDF in both aligned and random fiber geometries are evaluated. The studies show that piezoresponse of the woven nanogenerators can be enhanced by decreasing Tex and increasing the TPM, the plying number, and the fabric density. A record piezovoltage of ≈2.5 V is achieved through this work. The results of the present work can be used for the fabrication of flexible and breathable nanogenerators or sensors.
Fast in vivo 23Na imaging and mapping using accelerated 2D‐FID UTE magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 3 T: Proof of concept and reliability study
Authors: Alhulail Ahmad A. , Xia Pingyu , Shen Xin , Nichols Miranda , Volety Srijyotsna , Farley Nicholas , Thomas Micheal Albert , Nagel Armin M. , Dydak Ulrike , Emir Uzay E. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeTo implement an accelerated MR‐acquisition method allowing to map relaxation and absolute concentration of sodium within skeletal muscles at 3T.MethodsA fast‐UTE‐2D density‐weighted concentric‐ring‐trajectory 23Na‐MRSI technique was used to acquire 64 time points of FID with a spectral bandwidth of 312.5 Hz with an in‐plane resolution of 2.5 × 2.5 mm2 in ~15 min. The fast‐relaxing 23Na signal was localized with a single‐shot, inversion‐recovery‐based, non‐echo (SIRENE) outer volume suppression (OVS) method. The sequence was verified using simulation and phantom studies before implementing it in human calf muscles. To evaluate the 2D‐SIRENE‐MRSI (UTE = 0.55 ms) imaging performance, it was compared to a 3D‐MRI (UTE = 0.3 ms) sequence. Both data sets were acquired within 2 same‐day sessions to assess repeatability. The values were fitted voxel‐by‐voxel using a biexponential model for the 2D‐MRSI data. Finally, intra‐subject coefficients of variation (CV) were estimated.ResultsThe MRSI‐FID data allowed us to map the fast and slow components of in the calf muscles. The spatial distributions of 23Na concentration for both MRSI and 3D‐MRI acquisitions were significantly correlated (P < .001). The test–retest analysis rendered high repeatability for MRSI with a CV of 5%. The mean in muscles was 0.7 ± 0.1 ms (contribution fraction = 37%), whereas was 13.2 ± 0.2 ms (63%). The mean absolute muscle 23Na concentration calculated from the ‐corrected data was 28.6 ± 3.3 mM.ConclusionThe proposed MRSI technique is a reliable technique to map sodium’s absolute concentration and within a clinically acceptable scan time at 3T.
Determination of the resistivity distribution along underground pipes in urban contexts using galvanic and capacitive methods
Authors: Rejkjær Simon , Finco Cécile , Schamper Cyril , Rejiba Fayçal , Tabbagh Alain , König Jesper , Dahlin Torleif 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTRenovation of water and central heating pipelines is a very costly and time‐consuming process; therefore, a way to prioritize the limited resources between different parts of the systems is very important. The risk for corrosion damage can be assessed from the resistivity of the ground, because the processes facilitating the metal oxidation also affect the resistivity. However, galvanic resistivity mapping is time consuming and work‐intensive in paved areas. To determine the resistivity in the vicinity of pipes two different resistivity methods were applied: electrical resistivity tomography using galvanic coupling, and the logistically easier and rapid electrostatic measurements using capacitive coupling. The two methods were tested in a series of experiments undertaken in the province of Scania in southern Sweden with the aim to acquire a better knowledge about the electrical resistivity of the soil surrounding the heating and water distribution pipes, in order to better assess the corrosivity of the environment. From the experiments it is shown that the electrical resistivity tomography and electrostatic methods mostly give comparable results for the shallow investigated depths in focus here, where differences might be caused by different sensitivities and noise characteristics. In the case of both methods, it is shown, with the help of modelling of the different expected ground models including the pipes, that the pipes only influence the data in cases of pipes of very large diameters or those buried at a very shallow depth, even without any protective surface coating. The missing influence of the pipes on the data makes the methods very applicable for knowing the resistivity of the soil surrounding the pipes and thus evaluation of corrosion risk.
Fully spectral‐Galerkin method for the one‐ and two‐dimensional fourth‐order time‐fractional partial integro‐differential equations with a weakly singular kernel
Authors: Fakhar‐Izadi Farhad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the current paper, a space–time spectral‐Galerkin method is presented for the one‐ and two‐dimensional (1D & 2D) fourth‐order time‐fractional partial integro‐differential equation (TFPIDE) with a weakly singular kernel. In temporal direction, a Petrov‐Galerkin approach is used for discretization. Indeed, eigenfunctions of the first and second kind fractional Sturm‐Liouville problem (FSLP), which called Jacobi polyfractonomials, are used as temporal basis for the trial and test spaces, respectively. Also, spatial discretization is based on the Galerkin approximation with a combination of Legendre polynomials as basis. Fully discrete scheme, give rises to obtaining approximate solution of desired problem via solving a system of linear algebraic equations. Spectral accuracy and efficiency of the considered method are numerically demonstrated by some test problems with smooth and non‐smooth exact solutions in one‐ and two‐dimensional cases.
Social dynamics of values, taboos and perceived threats around sacred groves in Kurdistan, Iran
Authors: Plieninger Tobias , Quintas‐Soriano Cristina , Torralba Mario , Mohammadi Samani Kyumars , Shakeri Zahed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Sacred groves are important for the conservation of biodiversity in the Middle East, as more formal approaches to protected areas have often failed in this global biodiversity hotspot.

This study aims to identify the most important social values, taboos and perceived threats around sacred groves in the Kurdistan province of Iran. We test whether values, taboos and perceived threats are lost in transmission across generations, with increased urbanisation, and with modernising livelihoods.

Our survey of 205 local residents revealed that spiritual values, biodiversity and cultural heritage values are key motivations for local people to preserve sacred groves.

Taboos restricting natural resource use were widely shared by local people and thus appeared as powerful pillars for conserving sacred groves.

Local people expressed a strong perception that sacred groves are threatened, both by deliberate and accidental actions, and from both extractive and non‐extractive uses.

Social values and taboos around sacred groves in Kurdistan seemed relatively stable, but we found clear differences. The key holders of values and taboos were elderly people, women, rural people and people with traditional lifestyles. We conclude that eliciting the traditional knowledge and management practices of these groups and empowering them to maintain and revitalise their customs, values and taboos through socioeconomic modernisation is crucial for any conservation strategy.

Local residents who are young, male, more urban and follow a modern lifestyle may need targeting by awareness‐raising conservation programs.

Maintaining and fostering informal conservation traditions such as those around sacred groves is particularly important in areas of conflict where other conservation approaches are lacking and where pressures on natural resources are high.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Computational augmentation of neoplastic endometrial glands in digital pathology displays
Authors: Papke David J , Lohmann Sebastian , Downing Michael , Hufnagl Peter , Mutter George L 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe pathologic diagnosis of neoplasia requires localization and classification of lesional tissue, a process that depends on the recognition of an abnormal spatial distribution of neoplastic elements relative to admixed normal background tissue. In endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN), a pre‐cancer usually managed by hysterectomy, a clonally mutated proliferation of cytologically altered glands (‘neoplastic‐EIN’) aggregates in clusters that also contain background non‐neoplastic glands (‘background‐NL’). Here, we used image analysis to classify individual glands within endometrial tissue fragments as neoplastic‐EIN or background‐NL, and we used the distribution of predictions to localize foci diagnostic of EIN. Nuclear coordinates were automatically assigned and were used as vertices to generate Delaunay triangulations for each gland. Graph statistical variables were used to develop random forest algorithms to classify glands as neoplastic‐EIN or background‐NL. Individual glands in an independent validation set were scored by a ‘ground truth’ biomarker (PAX2 immunohistochemistry). We found that exclusion of small glands led to improvement in classification accuracy. Using an inclusion threshold of 200 nuclei per gland, our final model classification accuracy was 77.5% in the validation set, with a positive predictive value of 0.81. We leveraged this high positive predictive value in a point cloud overlay display to assist end‐user identification of EIN foci. This study demonstrates that graph theory approaches applied to small‐scale anatomic elements in the endometrium allow biologic classification by machine learning, and that spatial superimposition over large‐scale tissue expanses can have practical diagnostic utility. We expect this augmented diagnostic approach to be generalizable to commonly encountered problems in other organ systems. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic ablation of FASN attenuates the invasive potential of prostate cancer driven by Pten loss
Authors: Bastos Débora C , Ribeiro Caroline F , Ahearn Thomas , Nascimento Jéssica , Pakula Hubert , Clohessy John , Mucci Lorelei , Roberts Thomas , Zanata Silvio M , Zadra Giorgia , Loda Massimo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLoss of the tumor suppressor gene Pten in murine prostate recapitulates human carcinogenesis and causes stromal proliferation surrounding murine prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN), which is reactive to microinvasion. In turn, invasion has been shown to be regulated in part by de novo fatty acid synthesis in prostate cancer. We therefore investigated the effects of genetic ablation of Fasn on invasive potential in prostate‐specific Pten knockout mice. Combined genetic ablation of Fasn and Pten reduced the weight and volume of all the prostate lobes when compared to single knockouts. The stromal reaction to microinvasion and the cell proliferation that typically occurs in Pten knockout were largely abolished by Fasn knockout. To verify that Fasn knockout indeed results in decreased invasive potential, we show that genetic ablation and pharmacologic inhibition of FASN in prostate cancer cells significantly inhibit cellular motility and invasion. Finally, combined loss of PTEN with FASN overexpression was associated with lethality as assessed in 660 prostate cancer patients with 14.2 years of median follow‐up. Taken together, these findings show that de novo lipogenesis contributes to the aggressive phenotype induced by Pten loss in murine prostate and targeting Fasn may reduce the invasive potential of prostate cancer driven by Pten loss. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Development of lignin‐based carbon foam for use as an FRP sandwich core material
Authors: Bao Limin , Xie Chuanfang , Shi Jian , Teramoto Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSandwich‐structure materials consist of a high‐strength skin material and a lightweight core material. The advantages of sandwich structures are known to include excellent mechanical properties and low weight, the latter of which is the result of a lightweight core. However, soft‐core members such as plastic foam materials have low rigidity and therefore may not exhibit adequate functionality when used in sandwich structures. This research sought to reduce environmental impact and to facilitate sustainable development by developing a method for fabricating high‐strength carbon foam using alkali lignin for use as an FRP sandwich core and enhancing the mechanical properties of the carbon foam with short glass fiber. PMMA particles decomposed at high temperatures to leave gaps, creating carbon foam with a closed structure. The relationship between PMMA particle size and foam pore size was investigated by observing cross‐sections of the foam.
Determination of the JWL Parameters of Detonation Products Using Adaptive Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Cui Hao , Song Pu , Gu Xiao‐Hui , Zhou Hao , Xing Bo‐Yang , Jiang Lin , Guo Rui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe determination of Jones‐Wilkins‐Lee(JWL) equation of state (EOS)parameters for considered explosives plays a dominant role in hydrocode simulations, which are commonly used in the field of contemporary explosion mechanics. A two‐point fitting method, combined with the excellent exploratory capabilities of Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) and the cylinder energy model was developed for the determination of JWL parameters of the detonation products for all ideal condensed explosives without conducting a cylinder test. The JWL parameters can be determined by the proposed method while only the initial density and the detonation velocity of the explosive can be obtained. JWL parameters of eight explosives were determined based on this method, and the results indicated that the P‐V curves of eight fitted JWL EOSs, quantitatively evaluated by the determination coefficient, were in high agreement with that of standard JWL EOSs for all considered explosives. Moreover, the validity of the two‐point fitting method was verified by corresponding numerical simulations. It was found that the numerical results based on the fitted parameters agreed well with that based on thedata from literature. The applicability of the two‐point fitting method to a certain propellant was also discussed and the research can provide a reference for other propellants.
Tracking exogenous intracellular casp‐3 using split GFP
Authors: Anson Francesca , Kanjilal Pintu , Thayumanavan S. , Hardy Jeanne A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCytosolic protein delivery promises diverse applications from therapeutics, to genetic modification and precision research tools. To achieve effective cellular and subcellular delivery, approaches that allow protein visualization and accurate localization with greater sensitivity are essential. Fluorescently tagging proteins allows detection, tracking and visualization in cellulo. However, undesired consequences from fluorophores or fluorescent protein tags, such as nonspecific interactions and high background or perturbation to native protein's size and structure, are frequently observed, or more troublingly, overlooked. Distinguishing cytosolically released molecules from those that are endosomally entrapped upon cellular uptake is particularly challenging and is often complicated by the inherent pH‐sensitive and hydrophobic properties of the fluorophore. Monitoring localization is more complex in delivery of proteins with inherent protein‐modifying activities like proteases, transacetylases, kinases, etc. Proteases are among the toughest cargos due to their inherent propensity for self‐proteolysis. To implement a reliable, but functionally silent, tagging technology in a protease, we have developed a caspase‐3 variant tagged with the 11th strand of GFP that retains both enzymatic activity and structural characteristics of wild‐type caspase‐3. Only in the presence of cytosolic GFP strands 1–10 will the tagged caspase‐3 generate fluorescence to signal a non‐endosomal location. This methodology facilitates easy screening of cytosolic vs. endosomally‐entrapped proteins due to low probabilities for false positive results, and further, allows tracking of the resultant cargo's translocation. The development of this tagged casp‐3 cytosolic reporter lays the foundation to probe caspase therapeutic properties, charge–property relationships governing successful escape, and the precise number of caspases required for apoptotic cell death.
A new S2‐TEWMA control chart for monitoring process dispersion
Authors: Chatterjee Kashinath , Koukouvinos Christos , Lappa Angeliki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractControl charts are very popular quality tools used to detect and control industrial process deviations in statistical process control. The current paper presents a new triple exponentially weighted moving average (TEWMA) control chart for monitoring the process dispersion (named as ‐TEWMA chart), based on a three‐parameter logarithmic transformation of the sample variance. A performance evaluation of the proposed chart is conducted, through Monte‐Carlo simulations, in terms of the average run length and the standard deviation of the run length. A comparison study with the ‐EWMA, CUSUM‐, CS‐EWMA and ‐HEWMA charts indicates that the ‐TEWMA chart is more efficient, than the competing ones, in detecting small shifts in the process variability. Finally, two illustrative examples are provided to explain the application of the ‐TEWMA control chart.