bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA-Seq and secondary metabolite analyses reveal a putative defence-transcriptome in Norway spruce (Picea abies) against needle bladder rust (Chrysomyxa rhododendri) infection
Authors: Trujillo-Moya Carlos , Ganthaler Andrea , Stöggl Wolfgang , Kranner Ilse , Schüler Silvio , Ertl Reinhard , Schlosser Sarah , George Jan-Peter , Mayr Stefan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Norway spruce trees in subalpine forests frequently face infections by the needle rust fungus Chrysomyxa rhododendri, which causes significant growth decline and increased mortality of young trees. Yet, it is unknown whether trees actively respond to fungal attack by activating molecular defence responses and/or respective gene expression.

Results
Here, we report results from an infection experiment, in which the transcriptomes (via RNA-Seq analysis) and phenolic profiles (via UHPLC-MS) of control and infected trees were compared over a period of 39 days. Gene expression between infected and uninfected ramets significantly differed after 21 days of infection and revealed already known, but also novel candidate genes involved in spruce molecular defence against pathogens.

Conclusions
Combined RNA-Seq and biochemical data suggest that Norway spruce response to infection by C. rhododendri is restricted locally and primarily activated between 9 and 21 days after infestation, involving a potential isolation of the fungus by a hypersensitive response (HR) associated with an activation of phenolic pathways. Identified key regulatory genes represent a solid basis for further specific analyses in spruce varieties with varying susceptibility, to better characterise resistant clones and to elucidate the resistance mechanism.
Characterization of bacterial communities associated with the pinewood nematode insect vector Monochamus alternatus Hope and the host tree Pinus massoniana
Authors: Guo Yajie , Lin Qiannan , Chen Lyuyi , Carballar-Lejarazú Rebeca , Zhang Aishan , Shao Ensi , Liang Guanghong , Hu Xia , Wang Rong , Xu Lei , Zhang Feiping , Wu Songqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMonochamus alternatusHope is one of the insect vectors of pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), which causes the destructive pine wilt disease. The microorganisms within the ecosystem, comprising plants, their environment, and insect vectors, form complex networks. This study presents a systematic analysis of the bacterial microbiota in theM. alternatusmidgut and its habitat niche.MethodsTotal DNA was extracted from 20 types of samples (with three replicates each) fromM. alternatusand various tissues of healthy and infectedP. massoniana(pines). 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was conducted to determine the composition and diversity of the bacterial microbiota in each sample. Moreover, the relative abundances of bacteria in the midgut ofM. alternatuslarvae were verified by counting the colony-forming units.ResultsPinewood nematode infection increased the microbial diversity in pines.Bradyrhizobium,Burkholderia,Dyella,Mycobacterium, andMucilaginibacterwere the dominant bacterial genera in the soil and infected pines. These results indicate that the bacterial community in infected pines may be associated with the soil microbiota. Interestingly, the abundance of the genusGryllotalpicolawas highest in the bark of infected pines. The genusCellulomonaswas not found in the midgut ofM. alternatus, but it peaked in the phloem of infected pines, followed by the phloem of heathy pines. Moreover, the genusSerratiawas not only present in the habitat niche, but it was also enriched in theM. alternatusmidgut. The colony-forming unit assays showed that the relative abundance ofSerratiasp. peaked in the midgut of instar II larvae (81%).ConclusionsOverall, the results indicate that the bacterial microbiota in the soil and in infected pines are correlated. TheGryllotalpicolasp. andCellulomonassp. are potential microbial markers of pine wilt disease. Additionally,Serratiasp. could be an ideal agent for expressing insecticidal protein in the insect midgut by genetic engineering, which represents a new use of microbes to controlM. alternatus.
Fine mapping of the major anthracnose resistance QTL AnRGO5 in Capsicum chinense ‘PBC932’
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Liu Yiwei , Zhang Zhenghai , Cao Yacong , Yu Hailong , Ma Wenwen , Zhang Baoxi , Wang Risheng , Gao Jie , Wang Lihao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Colletotrichum species are the causal agents of anthracnose, a major disease affecting the yield and quality of pepper (Capsicum spp.). Colletotrichum scovillei is widespread in China, has strong pathogenicity and drug resistance, and causes anthracnose disease in pepper fruits that severely reduces production. Previously, an anti-anthracnose locus AnRGO5 was mapped to the P5 chromosome on the basis of analyses of fruit at the green mature stage. The aim of this study was to narrow down the interval of this locus and identify the gene responsible for conferring resistance.

Results
On the basis of results of re-sequencing of Capsicum chinense ‘PBC932’ and C. annuum ‘77013’, we developed Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASPar) markers and insertion–deletion (InDel) markers linked to AnRGO5 at the green mature fruit stage and used them to construct a genetic linkage map (42 markers, 24.4 cM in length). Using data obtained in phenotypic and genotypic analyses of BC4S1, BC4S2, and BC4S3 populations, AnRGO5 was located between the markers P5in-2266-404 and P5in-2268-978 within a physical distance of 164 kb. This region contained five genes, including CA05g17730. CA05g17730 encodes ‘R1C-3-like’ putative late blight resistance protein homologs. The transcript level of CA05g17730 differed between ‘PBC932’ and ‘77013’. The structure of the CA05g17730 gene also differed between ‘PBC932’ and ‘77013’.

Conclusions
We narrowed down the QTL interval to a region containing five genes. These results will be useful for further research on the mechanisms of resistance to anthracnose, and for marker assisted selection for anthracnose-resistant capsicum lines.
The effect of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block on postsurgical pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kendall Mark C. , Alves Lucas , Traill Lauren L. , De Oliveira Gildasio S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of erector spinae plane block has been evaluated by clinical trials leading to a diversity of results. The main objective of the current investigation is to compare the analgesic efficacy of erector spinae plane block to no block intervention in patients undergoing surgical procedures.MethodsWe performed a quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar electronic databases from their inception through July 2019. Included trials reported either on opioid consumption or pain scores as postoperative pain outcomes. Methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using Cochrane Collaboration’s tool.ResultsThirteen randomized controlled trials evaluating 679 patients across different surgical procedures were included. The aggregated effect of erector spinae plane block on postoperative opioid consumption revealed a significant effect, weighted mean difference of − 8.84 (95% CI: − 12.54 to − 5.14), (P < 0.001) IV mg morphine equivalents. The effect of erector spinae plane block on post surgical pain at 6 h compared to control revealed a significant effect weighted mean difference of − 1.31 (95% CI: − 2.40 to − 0.23),P < 0.02. At 12 h, the weighted mean difference was of − 0.46 (95% CI: − 1.01 to 0.09),P = 0.10. No block related complications were reported.ConclusionsOur results provide moderate quality evidence that erector spinae plane block is an effective strategy to improve postsurgical analgesia.
Application of principal component analysis and logistic regression model in lupus nephritis patients with clinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Huang Ting , Li Jiarong , Zhang Weiru 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Previous studies indicate that the prevalence of hypothyroidism is much higher in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) than in the general population, and is associated with LN’s activity. Principal component analysis (PCA) and logistic regression can help determine relevant risk factors and identify LN patients at high risk of hypothyroidism; as such, these tools may prove useful in managing this disease.

Methods
We carried out a cross-sectional study of 143 LN patients diagnosed by renal biopsy, all of whom had been admitted to Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in Changsha, China, between June 2012 and December 2016. The PCA–logistic regression model was used to determine the influential principal components for LN patients who have hypothyroidism.

Results
Our PCA–logistic regression analysis results demonstrated that serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, blood uric acid, total protein, albumin, and anti-ribonucleoprotein antibody were important clinical variables for LN patients with hypothyroidism. The area under the curve of this model was 0.855.

Conclusion
The PCA–logistic regression model performed well in identifying important risk factors for certain clinical outcomes, and promoting clinical research on other diseases will be beneficial. Using this model, clinicians can identify at-risk subjects and either implement preventative strategies or manage current treatments.
Epidemiological, clinical characteristics and drug resistance situation of culture-confirmed children TBM in southwest of China: a 6-year retrospective study
Authors: Wang Dong-Mei , Li Qing-Feng , Zhu Ma , Wu Gui-Hui , Li Xi , Xu Yuan-Hong , Zhong Jing , Luo Jia , Li Ying-Jie , Ying Bin-Wu , Tao Chuan-Min 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Sichuan is a province located in southwestern China, which have a higher incidence of tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, as well as drug resistance in culture-confirmed children with Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) in Southwest of China.

Methods
We performed a retrospective study on children (< 14 years old) with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture-confirmed TBM between January 2013 and December 2018 at Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu (PHCCC). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) drug sensitivity testing (DST) was performed using the MicroDST™ method. The age, gender, family history of tuberculosis, status of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, residential areas information, clinical, laboratory, and radiological features were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics Client 25.0, and the change in drug resistance rate was examined using the Cruskal-Wallis test.

Results
Among 319 patients clinically diagnosed with TBM, 42 (13.2%) were Mycobacterial culture positive. Their median age was nine years, and the distribution was equal among female and male patients. Among 42 patients who were enrolled in the study, 1/42 (2.38%) passed away. Children with TBM were concentrated in the minority areas of western Sichuan, where 34/42 (81.0%) patients with TBM belonged to ethnic minorities, and only 2/42 (4.76%) received BCG vaccination in the past. Chest X-rays changes were observed in all patients. Fever and headache were the most common presenting symptom. Thirty-five (83.3%) patients suffered from neck stiffness, and 30/42 (71.4%) had high CSF pressure. DST results showed that the resistance rate was high; resistance to any anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) was observed in 13 (31.0%) patient isolates, while multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) were found in 2 (4.8%) and 1 (2.4%) patients, respectively.

Conclusions
TBM among children in Southwest China was mainly concentrated in the minority areas of western Sichuan and more than 95% of patients did not receive BCG vaccination at birth. The most common symptoms were fever, headache, and neck stiffness and all patients had positive chest X-ray findings. In addition, high rates of drug resistance were found.
The true panel of cystic fibrosis mutations in the Sicilian population
Authors: Chamayou Sandrine , Sicali Maria , Lombardo Debora , Maglia Elena , Liprino Annalisa , Cardea Clementina , Fichera Michele , Venti Ermanno , Guglielmino Antonino 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim was to establish the true risk of having an affected child with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) in the Sicilian infertile population.

Methods
A longitudinal CFTR screening of 1279 Sicilian infertile patients for all CFTR mutations sequencing the entire gene by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was performed from patient’s blood.

Results
One patient out of 16 was a carrier of a CFTR mutation. Twenty-four mutations were found. Theoretically one couple out of 256 was at risk of CF transmission.

Conclusions
The risk of CF transmission is unexpectedly high in Sicily and with a high heterogeneity. Sequencing an entire and long gene such as CFTR makes accessible the true panel of mutations in a specific population and helps better to understand the true risk of having an affected child.
Secondary oxalosis induced by xylitol concurrent with lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: a case report
Authors: Takayasu Shinobu , Kamba Aya , Yoshida Kazutaka , Terui Ken , Watanuki Yutaka , Ishigame Noriko , Mizushiri Satoru , Tomita Tetsu , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Yasui-Furukori Norio , Daimon Makoto 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Xylitol is an approved food additive that is widely used as a sweetener in many manufactured products. It is also used in pharmaceuticals. Secondary oxalosis resulting from high dietary oxalate has been reported. However, reported cases of oxalosis following xylitol infusion are rare.

Case presentation
A 39-year-old man with a 16-year history of organic psychiatric disorder was hospitalized for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy because of cholecystolithiasis. He had been treated with several antipsychotics and mood stabilizers, including lithium. The patient had polyuria (> 4000 mL/day) and his serum sodium levels ranged from 150 to 160 mmol/L. Urine osmolality was 141 mOsm/L, while serum arginine vasopressin level was 6.4 pg/mL. The patient was diagnosed with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), and lithium was gradually discontinued. Postoperative urine volumes increased further to a maximum of 10,000 mL/day, and up to 10,000 mL/day of 5% xylitol was administered. The patient’s consciousness level declined and serum creatinine increased to 4.74 mg/dL. This was followed by coma and metabolic acidosis. After continuous venous hemodiafiltration, serum sodium improved to the upper 140 mmol/L range and serum creatinine decreased to 1.25 mg/dL at discharge. However, polyuria and polydipsia of approximately 4000 mL/day persisted. Renal biopsy showed oxalate crystals and decreased expression of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the renal tubules. Urinary AQP2 was undetected. The patient was discharged on day 82 after admission.

Conclusions
Our patient was diagnosed with lithium-induced NDI and secondary oxalosis induced by excess xylitol infusion. NDI became apparent perioperatively because of fasting, and an overdose of xylitol infusion led to cerebrorenal oxalosis. Our patient received a maximum xylitol dose of 500 g/day and a total dose of 2925 g. Patients receiving lithium therapy must be closely monitored during the perioperative period, and rehydration therapy using xylitol infusion should be avoided in such cases.
Encephalopathy following ingestion of Lead-contaminated opium; magnetic resonance imaging findings
Authors: Haghighi-Morad Maryam , Zamani Nasim , Hassanian-Moghaddam Hossein , Shojaei Maziar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Encephalopathy is an uncommon but serious presentation of lead toxicity.

Objective
We aimed to determine and follow-up the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in the patients with lead encephalopathy due to ingestion of lead contaminated opium.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study during lead-contaminated opium outbreak, all lead-poisoned patients with any signs/symptoms of encephalopathy were included.

Results
Of 19 patients with lead encephalopathy, five died early and other five could not be sent to MRI during their hospitalization period. Mean age was 51 ± 11 years and males were dominant (89%). Median [IQR] blood lead level (BLL) was 101 [81, 108] μg/dL (range; 50 to 200 μg/dL). There was no correlation between MRI findings and signs/symptoms. MRI was normal in six and abnormal in three. Bilateral symmetric involvement of parieto-occipital lobes was observed. Gray matter, gray-white matter junction, and subcortical white matter were also affected. Follow-up MRI was performed in two with abnormal MRI which showed complete and near complete resolution of the abnormalities after cessation of opium use and treatment. Conclusion: There was no correlation between MRI findings and BLL. Complete recovery of brain MRI lesions was detected after cessation of opium use.
The lived experience among Somali women of giving birth in Sweden: an interpretive phenomenological study
Authors: Wallmo Susanne , Allgurin Karin , Berterö Carina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The health care-seeking behaviour among Somali women is different from Swedish women’s behaviour, and this may have consequences for birth giving. The aim of the study was to identify and describe Somali women’s lived experience of birth giving in Sweden.

Methods
Qualitative individual interviews were conducted in Swedish with seven Somali women. The sample was purposeful, and the snowball sampling method was used. The interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results
Four themes emerged during the analysis which revealed the Somali women’s lived experiences of giving birth in Sweden. a) Being recognised and confirmed as a woman. Somali women consider it important to be confirmed as a woman by the surrounding and professionals during pregnancy and birth giving. b) Communication is important for the women’s independence. There is a need to provide a structure for how this information is given and adaptation regarding content and format .c) Something naturally becomes unknown and complicated. Somali women come from a different culture, which affects their lived experiences of pregnancy and birth giving. There is a need for improved and clearer information for these Somali women regarding pregnancy and birth giving in another culture- the Swedish context d) Professional and competent taking care of. The women appreciate if they are treated with competency and professionalism; they do not want to be discriminated. The women feel confidence in health care when they meet competent and professional health care professionals.

Conclusions
The findings in the study indicate that reproductive health care for Somali women should be improved with regard to cultural differences and lived experiences, as this affects their experience of pregnancy and childbirth in Sweden. There is a need for both knowledge and understanding in order to provide good quality care for these Somali women, especially those who have been genitally mutilated.
Design of a randomized controlled trial of a partnership-based, needs-tailored self-management support intervention for post-treatment breast cancer survivors
Authors: Kim Soo Hyun , Choe Yu Hyeon , Han Ah Reum , Yeon Gwui Jeong , Lee Gyeong Hee , Lee Bo Gyeong , Cho Young Up , Park Seho , Lee Moon Hee 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Self-management is becoming essential for breast cancer survivors, but evidence about the effectiveness of self-management support (SMS) intervention is lacking. To address this issue, we developed a theory-based SMS intervention, the ‘EMPOWER’, aimed at empowering breast cancer survivors. Here we describe the rationale of the intervention and its development.

Methods
The conceptual framework of this study is the Chronic Care Model, which posits that SMS can influence patient-provider relationships and ultimately improve health outcomes. We will conduct a multi-center, 2-armed randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of EMPOWER among post-treatment breast cancer survivors in South Korea. The trial will include 94 women who completed primary breast cancer treatment within the last 6 months. Participants will be randomly assigned to the intervention group or the wait-list control group (1:1). The intervention group will receive a 7-week partnership-based and needs-tailored SMS intervention via telephone counseling. The primary outcome is empowerment. The secondary outcomes include self-efficacy for post-treatment self-management behaviors, mental adjustment, psychological distress, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Data will be collected by self-reported questionnaire at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up.

Discussion
We believe that the EMPOWER intervention could improve HRQOL of post-treatment breast cancer survivors by enhancing their empowerment. If found successful, it could aid clinicians engaged in the long-term care of breast cancer survivors.

Trial registration
Clinical Research Information Service, KCT0004794. Registered 5 March 2020.
Evaluation of the expression levels of BRAFV600E mRNA in primary tumors of thyroid cancer using an ultrasensitive mutation assay
Authors: Tran Tien Viet , Dang Kien Xuan , Pham Quynh Huong , Nguyen Ung Dinh , Trinh Nhung Thi Trang , Hoang Luong Van , Ho Son Anh , Nguyen Ba Van , Nguyen Duc Trong , Trinh Dung Tuan , Tran Dung Ngoc , Orpana Arto , Stenman Ulf-Håkan , Stenman Jakob , Ho Tho Huu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The BRAFV600E gene encodes for the mutant BRAFV600E protein, which triggers downstream oncogenic signaling in thyroid cancer. Since most currently available methods have focused on detecting BRAFV600E mutations in tumor DNA, there is limited information about the level of BRAFV600E mRNA in primary tumors of thyroid cancer, and the diagnostic relevance of these RNA mutations is not known.

Methods
Sixty-two patients with thyroid cancer and non-malignant thyroid disease were included in the study. Armed with an ultrasensitive technique for mRNA-based mutation analysis based on a two step RT-qPCR method, we analysed the expression levels of the mutated BRAFV600E mRNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of thyroid tissues. Sanger sequencing for detection of BRAFV600E DNA was performed in parallel for comparison and normalization of BRAFV600E mRNA expression levels.

Results
The mRNA-based mutation detection assay enables detection of the BRAFV600E mRNA transcripts in a 10,000-fold excess of wildtype BRAF counterparts. While BRAFV600E mutations could be detected by Sanger sequencing in 13 out of 32 malignant thyroid cancer FFPE tissue samples, the mRNA-based assay detected mutations in additionally 5 cases, improving the detection rate from 40.6 to 56.3%. Furthermore, we observed a surprisingly large, 3-log variability, in the expression level of the BRAFV600E mRNA in FFPE samples of thyroid cancer tissue.

Conclusions
The expression levels of BRAFV600E mRNA was characterized in the primary tumors of thyroid cancer using an ultrasensitive mRNA-based mutation assay. Our data inspires further studies on the prognostic and diagnostic relevance of the BRAFV600E mRNA levels as a molecular biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of various genetic and malignant diseases.