bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luwian and Sanskrit action nouns in *-i̯-eh2-
Authors: Sasseville David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Luwian nominal class of common gender a-stems, which has been argued to reflect Proto-Indo-European stems in *-eh2-, has not yet been explored to a full extent. In Cuneiform Luwian, a number of action nouns in -a- c. derived from verbs in -i(ya)- (< *-i̯e/o-) have been noticed by scholars, but a larger analysis of all examples including Hieroglyphic Luwian is still lacking. It is the goal of the present paper to fill this gap. After a synchronic analysis of all examples, their stem formation will be compared to a similar derivational process found in Sanskrit. Consequently, the comparative evidence will shed light on the function of the suffix *-eh2- in Proto-Indo-European, including Anatolian.
How Were the Eastward-Moving Heavy Rainfall Events from the Tibetan Plateau to the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Enhanced?
Authors: Zhao Yang , Chen Deliang , Deng Yi , Son Seok-Woo , Wang Xiang , Di Di , Pan Mengting , Ma Xiaodan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study investigates eastward-moving summer heavy rainfall events in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River (LRYR), which are associated with the Tibetan Plateau (TP) vortices. On the basis of rainfall data from gauges and additional atmospheric data from ERA-Interim, the dynamic and thermodynamic effects of moisture transport and diabatic heating are estimated to determine the physical mechanisms that support the eastward-moving heavy rainfall events. As the rainband moves eastward, it is accompanied by anomalous cyclonic circulation in the upper and middle troposphere and enhanced vertical motion throughout the troposphere. In particular, the rainfall region is located in the fore of the upper-level trough, which is ideal for baroclinic organization of the convective system and further development of the eastward-moving vortex. The large atmospheric apparent heat source (Q1) also contributes for lifting the lower-level air into the upper atmosphere and for enhancing the low-level convective motion and convergence during the heavy rainfall process. Piecewise potential vorticity inversion further verifies the crucial role that the diabatic heating played in developing the anomalous geopotential height favorable for the enhanced rainfall. The combined action of the dynamic and thermodynamic processes, as well as the rich moisture supply from the seas, synergistically sustained and enhanced the eastward-moving rainfall.
Rural Surgical Training in the United States: Delineating Essential Components Within Existing Programs
Authors: Rossi Isolina , Rossi Matthew , Mclaughlin Emily , Minor Derek , Smithson Lauren , Borgstrom David , Sarap Michael , Deveney Karen 
Published: October 2020

Background Rural access to surgical care has reached crisis level. Practicing in rural America offers unique challenges with limited resources and specialists. Most training programs do not provide enough exposure to the endoscopic or the surgical subspecialty skills to prepare a resident for an isolated rural environment. As awareness has increased, many programs have modified curriculum to address this need. The Advisory Council on Rural Surgery (ACRS) of the American College of Surgeons set out to delineate important components of rural training programs and measure to what degree the existing heterogeneous programs contain these components. Study Design The ACRS identified 4 essential components of rural surgical training based on literature and expert opinion. These components included rotations in a rural setting, broad exposure to surgical specialties, endoscopy experience, and lack of competing specialty learners. A list of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education programs from a prior publication was updated with the 2019 Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database self-identified “rural track” programs, reviewed, and categorized. Results We identified 39 programs that self-identified as having a rural emphasis. Depending on the extent of which 4 essential components were included, programs were categorized as either “Broad” (12 programs), “Basic” (20 programs), or “Indeterminate” (7 programs). Conclusion The ACRS described the optimal components of a rural surgical training program and identified which components are present in those surgical residencies which self-identified as having a rural focus. This information is valuable to students planning a future in rural surgery and benefits programs hoping to enhance their curriculum to meet this critical need.
Laparoscopic Liver Resection: A 7-Year Experience of 123 Resections in a Single Institution
Authors: Annie Lo Hoi Y. , Young Stephanie , Andrew DiFronzo Louis 
Published: October 2020

There has been a significant increase in the use of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) over the past 2 decades. This study aimed to analyze the outcomes associated with LLR at a single tertiary care hospital. Patients with benign or malignant tumors who underwent LLR by a single surgeon from January 2012 to November 2019 were identified. There were 123 patients who underwent LLR in the study period; 52% were men, and the median age was 61 (24-90) years. Five patients (4.1%) had unplanned conversion to open resection. Ninety-five patients (77.2%) had a wedge resection or single segmentectomy, and 28 (22.8%) underwent resection of 2+ liver segments. Seventy-one cases (57.7%) were for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 24 (19.5%) for colorectal metastasis, and 28 (22.8%) were for other benign and malignant tumors. Median operative time was 239 (range 89-526) minutes. Mean estimated blood loss was 192 (range 0-1800) mL. The median length of stay (LOS) overall was 2 (range 0-9) days. From 2017 to 2019, the mean LOS was 1.2 days, compared to a mean LOS of 3.3 days from 2012 to 2016. More cases were performed as same-day surgery from 2017 onward; 19 patients (33.9%) had same-day surgery from 2017 to 2019, in comparison to only 1 patient (1.5%) in the period of 2012-2016 ( P < .0001). Overall, 28 patients (22.8%) experienced postoperative morbidity; major postoperative morbidity occurred in 4 patients (3.3%). The 90-day mortality was .8%, and the 30-day readmission rate was 5.7%. In conclusion, LLR can be performed safely to treat liver tumors, and LOS decreased over time. Although overall morbidity is moderate, serious morbidity is low, as was the readmission rate. Laparoscopic wedge resection may be a feasible option as an outpatient procedure in select patients.
Revisiting lorazepam challenge test: Clinical response with dose variations and utility for catatonia in a psychiatric emergency setting
Authors: Suchandra Hari Hara , Reddi Venkata Senthil Kumar , Aandi Subramaniyam Bhaskaran , Muliyala Krishna Prasad 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Catatonia can be life-threatening unless timely identified and treated. Lorazepam’s ubiquitous response has led to its universal acceptance as being the first-line management of catatonia and alludes to catatonia’s neurobiological underpinnings. Lorazepam challenge test (LCT) is widely used to either confirm a catatonia diagnosis or determine lorazepam sensitivity. It has a proposed schedule for administering lorazepam. However, efficacy of recommended LCT doses lack systematic evidence, resulting in variable LCT doses used in clinical and research settings contributing to findings that are challenging to generalize or assist with developing standardized lorazepam treatment protocols for catatonia. Given the same, this study aimed to objectively compare the response between two groups receiving different LCT doses and factors influencing the same. Methods: The 6-month study in a psychiatric emergency setting at a tertiary neuropsychiatric center in India evaluated 57 catatonia patients, before and after administration of single 2 mg ( n = 37; LCT-2) or 4 mg ( n = 20; LCT-4) lorazepam dose, applying Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 5.0) and obtaining sociodemographic, clinical data. Results: No between-group differences (LCT-2 vs LCT-4) for sociodemographic, clinical profiles or BFCRS severity score changes to lorazepam on Mann–Whitney U test were noted. Applying Wilcoxon signed rank test comparing individual sign severity demonstrated response variability, with significant response noted to both doses (stupor, mutism, staring, posturing, withdrawal, ambitendency, automatic obedience) and others selectively to 2 mg (echolalia, rigidity, negativism, mitgehen). Notably, sign resolution (present/absent) only to 2 mg was significant for stupor, mutism, staring, posturing, echolalia, rigidity, negativism and mitgehen. Conclusion: This study suggests 2 mg lorazepam may be an optimal LCT dose, given significant response to most catatonic signs thereby ensuring accurate detection and preventing misinterpretation of response. It offers future studies direction for standardizing lorazepam dosing schedules for catatonia management and exploring neurobiological underpinnings for individual catatonic signs that may be potentially different, given these findings.
The Healthy Eating and Living Against Noncommunicable Diseases Study: An Innovative Family-Based Intervention
Authors: Parekh Niyati , Khalife Gabrielle , Hellmers Natalie , D’Eramo Melkus Gail 
Published: October 2020

Objective Inadequate nutrition literacy within families is a barrier for healthy dietary choices and influences chronic disease risk. This pilot study examined the feasibility of providing an in-person nutrition intervention for families at high risk of developing prediabetes or type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk-factors. Methods Eligible families had at least one member with a non-communicable disease (NCD) or metabolic risk factor, fluency in English, willingness to attend all three educational sessions and complete questionnaires as a family unit. Sessions included didactic and experiential activities on food label reading, portion sizing, physical activity and modifiable lifestyle factors to reduce NCD risk. Demographics and fruit and vegetable screeners were collected from all participants at baseline and after completion of sessions. Families participated in focus groups to evaluate the program. Results Twelve families (n=35;17 adults;18 children) were recruited from New York City. Participants self-identified as Asian, Hispanic or Black. Adults had a mean age of 40y, BMI of 32.29kg/m2, household income of $35,000-$49,000y, and 13 of 17 adult participants had college degrees. Children ranged from 1-17y. Based on focus group feedback, three sessions were acceptable, families reported enjoying interactive activities and group learning and requested child-friendly activities. They reported improved knowledge of food labels, strategies for grocery shopping, portion-sizing, and increased awareness of the links between diet quality and NCDs. Conclusions and Implications The study met recruitment goals within 4 months. The educational intervention was acceptable and may be scaled-up for future studies on NCD prevention, particularly prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Investigation of ammonia and hydrogen as CO2-free fuels for heavy duty engines using a high pressure dual fuel combustion process
Authors: Frankl Stephanie , Gleis Stephan , Karmann Stephan , Prager Maximilian , Wachtmeister Georg 
Published: October 2020

This work is a numerical study of the use of ammonia and hydrogen in a high-pressure-dual-fuel (HPDF) combustion. The main fuels (hydrogen and ammonia) are direct injected and ignited by a small amount of direct injected pilot fuel. The fuels are injected using a dual fuel injector from Woodward L’Orange, which can induce two fuels independently at high pressures up to 1800 bar for the pilot fuel and maximum 500 bar for the main. The numerical CFD-model gets validated for of hydrogen-HPDF with experimental data. Due to safety issues at the test rig it was not possible to use ammonia in the experiments, so it is modelled using the numerical model. It is assumed that the CFD-model also gives qualitative correct results for the use of ammonia as main fuel, so a parameter study of ammonia-HPDF is made. The results for the hydrogen-HPDF show, that hydrogen can be used in the engine without any further modifications. The combustion is very stable, and the hydrogen ignites almost immediately when it enters the combustion chamber. The results of the ammonia combustion indicate, that the HPDF combustion mode can handle ammonia effectively. It seems beneficial to inject the ammonia at higher pressures than hydrogen. Also pre-heating the ammonia can increase the combustion efficiency.
The psychosocial impact of congenital hand and upper limb differences on children: a qualitative study
Authors: McDougall Lucy , Kennedy Joanne , Coombs Christopher , Penington Anthony 
Published: October 2020

This qualitative study explored the psychosocial concerns of children born with congenital hand and upper limb differences (CHULDs) from the point of view of these children and their parents. Qualitative, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face with eight parent–child dyads. Open format questions allowed spontaneous emergence of relevant themes, followed by guided questioning. Thematic analysis of audio-recorded and transcribed interviews found that children as young as 5 years old had unique and meaningful opinions about their CHULD, of which parents were sometimes unaware. Children reported that unsolicited questions from peers caused significant stress, and this increased around the time of surgery. All children used planned responses to peers as an effective coping mechanism. Children also identified positive aspects of their difference, including an increased sense of determination and an appreciation for being unique. Strategies that may improve psychosocial outcomes for children with CHULDs are discussed. Level of evidence: IV
Consensus on Rehabilitation Guidelines among Orthopedic Surgeons in the United States following Use of Third-Generation Articular Cartilage Repair (MACI) for Treatment of Knee Cartilage Lesions
Authors: Flanigan David C. , Sherman Seth L. , Chilelli Brian , Gersoff Wayne , Jones Deryk , Lee Cassandra A. , Toth Alison , Cramer Caryn , Zaporojan Victor , Carey James 
Published: October 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate levels of consensus in rehabilitation practices following MACI (autologous cultured chondrocytes on porcine collagen membrane) treatment based on the experience of an expert panel of U.S. orthopedic surgeons. Design A list of 24 questions was devised based on the current MACI rehabilitation protocol, literature review, and discussion with orthopedic surgeons. Known areas of variability were used to establish 4 consensus domains, stratified on lesion location (tibiofemoral [TF] or patellofemoral [PF]), including weightbearing (WB), range of motion (ROM), return to work/daily activities of living, and return to sports. A 3-step Delphi technique was used to establish consensus. Results Consensus (>75% agreement) was achieved on all 4 consensus domains. Time to full WB was agreed as immediate (with bracing) for PF patients (dependent on concomitant procedures), and 7 to 9 weeks in TF patients. A progression for ROM was agreed that allowed patients to reach 90° by week 4, with subsequent progression as tolerated. The panel estimated that the time to full ROM would be 7 to 9 weeks on average. A range of time was established for release to activities of daily living, work, and sports, dependent on lesion and patient characteristics. Conclusions Good consensus was established among a panel of U.S. surgeons for rehabilitation practices following MACI treatment of knee cartilage lesions. The consensus of experts can aid surgeons and patients in the expectations and rehabilitation process as MACI surgery becomes more prevalent in the United States.
Systematic Review of the Surgical Outcomes of Elbow Plicae
Authors: Jeon In-Ho , Liu Hua , Nanda Akriti , Kim Hyojune , Kim Dong Min , Park Dongjun , Shin Myung Jin , Koh Kyoung Hwan , Kholinne Erica 
Published: October 2020

Background: Surgical resection is usually required for symptomatic elbow plicae that have failed nonoperative therapy. However, evidence of surgical outcomes has not been presented. Purpose: To review the surgical outcomes for the treatment of synovial plicae in the radiocapitellar joint. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Ovid/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Embase databases using keywords as well as Medical Subject Headings terms and Emtree ([(elbow OR humeroradial joint OR radiohumeral joint) AND (meniscus OR plica)] OR snapping elbow OR snapping triceps OR synovial fold syndrome OR synovial fringe) for English-language studies. We conducted a systematic review using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Results: A total of 14 articles comprising four level 5 and ten level 4 studies were identified, including 279 patients (284 elbows). The triggering factors reported for 58 patients were heavy labor (29 patients; 50.0%), sporting activities (17 patients; 29.3%), and nonspecific trauma (12 patients; 20.7%). Overall, 92 patients (33.0%) were administered a steroid injection before surgery. Arthroscopic plica resection was performed in 266 patients (95.3%). Intraoperatively, plicae were mostly found in the posterior (44.0%) and posterolateral (28.6%) sites, and chondromalacia of the radial head was observed in 25 patients (9.2%). Of the reported surgical outcomes, 67.7% showed a resolution of symptoms. However, 9.3% of patients had residual symptoms, which were likely associated with pre-existing radial head chondromalacia. The complication rate was reported as 1.8%. Conclusion: Symptomatic elbow plicae were mostly treated arthroscopically, with most of the results being favorable. Pre-existing chondromalacia and the underestimation of concomitant intra-articular abnormalities may yield an inferior outcome.
Pulmonary function tests in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis
Authors: Díez-Manglano Jesús , Asìn Samper Uxua 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and pulmonary function tests.MethodsAfter conducting an exhaustive literature search, we performed a meta-analysis. We employed the inverse variance method with a random-effects model to calculate the effect estimate as the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We calculated the heterogeneity with the I2statistic and performed a meta-regression analysis by sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and geographical region. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis according to the studies’ publication date, size of the T2D group and the study quality, excluding the study with the greatest weight in the effect.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 66 studies (one longitudinal, two case–control and 63 cross-sectional), with 11 134 patients with T2D and 48 377 control participants. The pooled MD (95% CI) for the predicted percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC, peak expiratory flow, and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide were −7.15 (95% CI −8.27, −6.03; p<0.001), −9.21 (95% CI −11.15, −7.26; p<0.001), −9.89 (95% CI −14.42, −5.36; p<0.001), −9.79 (95% CI −13.42, −6.15; p<0.001) and −7.13 (95% CI −10.62, −3.64; p<0.001), respectively. There was no difference in the ratio of FEV1/FVC (95% CI −0.27; −1.63, 1.08; p=0.69). In all cases, there was considerable heterogeneity. The meta-regression analysis showed that between studies heterogeneity was not explained by patient sex, BMI, smoking or geographical region. The findings were consistent in the sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsT2D is associated with impaired pulmonary function, independently of sex, smoking, BMI and geographical region. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate outcomes for patients with T2D and impaired pulmonary function.
The DIAMORFOSIS (DIAgnosis and Management Of lung canceR and FibrOSIS) survey: international survey and call for consensus
Authors: Tzouvelekis Argyris , Antoniou Katerina , Kreuter Michael , Evison Matthew , Blum Torsten G. , Poletti Venerino , Grigoriu Bogdan , Vancheri Carlo , Spagnolo Paolo , Karampitsakos Theodoros , Bonella Francesco , Wells Athol , Raghu Ganesh , Molina-Molina Maria , Culver Daniel A. , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Mogulkoc Nesrin , Elia Stefano , Cadranel Jacques , Bouros Demosthenes 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundCurrently there is major lack of agreement on the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and lung cancer. Our aim was to identify variations in diagnostic and management strategies across different institutions and provide rationale for a consensus statement on this issue.MethodsThis was a joint-survey by European Respiratory Society (ERS) Assemblies 8, 11 and 12. The survey consisted of 25 questions.ResultsFour hundred and ninety-four (n=494) physicians from 68 different countries and five continents responded to the survey. Ninety-four per cent of participants were pulmonologists, 1.8% thoracic surgeons and 1.9% oncologists; 97.7% were involved in multidisciplinary team approaches on diagnosis and management. Regular low-dose high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan was used by 49.5% of the respondents to screen for lung cancer in IPF. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is performed by 60% and 88% to diagnose nodular lesions with mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with advanced and mild IPF, respectively. Eighty-three per cent of respondents continue anti-fibrotics following lung cancer diagnosis; safety precautions during surgical interventions including low tidal volume are applied by 67%. Stereotactic radiotherapy is used to treat patients with advanced IPF (diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) <35%) and otherwise operable nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by 54% of respondents and doublet platinum regimens and immunotherapy for metastatic disease by 25% and 31.9%, respectively. Almost all participants (93%) replied that a consensus statement for the management of these patients is highly warranted.ConclusionThe diagnosis and management of IPF-lung cancer (LC) is heterogeneous with most respondents calling for a consensus statement.