bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3-D seismic attenuation structure of Long Valley caldera: looking for melt bodies in the shallow crust
Authors: Prudencio Janire , Manga Michael 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYUnrest at Long Valley caldera (California) during the past few decades has been attributed to the ascent of hydrothermal fluids or magma recharge. The difference is critical for assessing volcanic hazard. To better constrain subsurface structures in the upper crust and to help distinguish between these two competing hypotheses for the origin of unrest, we model the 3-D seismic attenuation structure because attenuation is particularly sensitive to the presence of melt. We analyse more than 47 000 vertical component waveforms recorded from January 2000 through November 2016 obtained from the Northern California Earthquake Data Center. We then inverted the S-to-coda energy ratios using the coda normalization method and obtained an average Q of 250. Low attenuation anomalies are imaged in the fluid-rich western and eastern areas of the caldera, one of which corresponds to the location of an earthquake swarm that occurred in 2014. From a comparison with other geophysical images (magnetotellurics, seismic tomography) we attribute the high attenuation anomalies to hydrothermal systems. Average to high attenuation values are also observed at Mammoth Mountain (southwest of the caldera), and may also have a hydrothermal origin. A large high attenuation anomaly within the caldera extends from the surface to the depths we can resolve at 9 km. Shallow rocks here are cold and this is where earthquakes occur. Together, these observations imply that the high attenuation region is not imaging a large magma body at shallow depths nor do we image any isolated high attenuation bodies in the upper ≈8 km that would be clear-cut evidence for partially molten bodies such as sills or other magma bodies.
Witten–Dijkgraaf–Verlinde–Verlinde Equation and its Application to Relative Gromov–Witten Theory
Authors: Fan Honglu , Wu Longting 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We derive a recursive formula for certain relative Gromov–Witten invariants with a maximal tangency condition via the Witten–Dijkgraaf–Verlinde–Verlinde equation. For certain relative pairs, we get explicit formulae of invariants using the recursive formula.
Nutrient and AA digestibility of black soldier fly larvae differing in age using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay1
Authors: Do Sungho , Koutsos Liz , Utterback Pamela L , Parsons Carl M , de Godoy Maria R C , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Edible insects such as black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are alternative protein sources for animal feeds due to their high-protein content and potential low environmental footprint. However, protein quality and AA content may vary across insect species and age. Our objective was to determine the effects of age on nutrient and AA digestibility of BSFL intended for use in pet foods using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. All animal procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. Twenty-four cecectomized roosters (four roosters per substrate) were randomly assigned to test substrates [BSFL0 = day 0 (day of hatch); BSFL11 = day 11; BSFL14 = day 14; BSFL18 = day 18; BSFL23 = day 23; BSFL29 = day 29]. After 24 h of feed withdrawal, roosters were tube-fed 20 g of test substrates. Following crop intubation, excreta were collected for 48 h. Endogenous corrections for AA were made using five additional cecectomized roosters. All data were analyzed using a completely randomized design and the GLM procedure of SAS 9.4. DM and OM digestibilities were not different among substrates, but acid-hydrolyzed fat digestibility tended to be greater (P &lt; 0.10) for BSFL23 and BSFL29 than BSFL14 and BSFL18. Although all substrates had a high digestibility, BSFL0 and BSFL11 had the lowest (P &lt; 0.05) digestibilities for most indispensable and dispensable AA. Digestible indispensable AA score (DIAAS)-like values were calculated to determine protein quality according to AAFCO nutrient profiles and NRC recommended allowances for dogs and cats. In general, BSFL18 had the highest, and BSFL11 had the lowest DIAAS-like values for most indispensable AA. Threonine, methionine, and tryptophan were often the first-limiting AA. Our results suggest that BSFL are a high-quality protein and AA source, but that age can affect the AA digestibility and protein quality of this alternative protein source.
LncRNA MEG3 inhibits the progression of prostate cancer by facilitating H3K27 trimethylation of EN2 through binding to EZH2
Authors: Zhou Yaojun , Yang Hongqiong , Xia Wei , Cui Li , Xu Renfang , Lu Hao , Xue Dong , Tian Zinong , Ding Tao , Cao Yunjie , Shi Qianqian , He Xiaozhou 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study aims to study the effects of intra-nuclear lncRNA MEG3 on the progression of prostate cancer and the underlying mechanisms. Expressions of relative molecules were detected by Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were used to evaluate the interaction between intra-nuclear MEG3, histone methyltransferase EZH2 and Engrailed-2 (EN2). The impacts of MEG3 on the viability, proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells (PC3) were evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, colony formation and transwell assays, respectively. PC3 cells were transfected with MEG3 and transplanted into nude mice to analyse the effect of MEG3 on tumourigenesis of PC3 cells in vivo. EN2 expression was inversely proportional to MEG3 in the prostate cancer tissues and PC3 cells. RIP results showed that intra-nuclear MEG3 could bind to EZH2. Knockdown of MEG3 and/or EZH2 up-regulated EN2 expression and reduced the recruitment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 to EN2, while over-expressed MEG3 caused opposite effects. MEG3 over-expression suppressed cell viability, colony formation, cell invasion and migration of PC3 cells in vitro and inhibited tumourigenesis of PC3 cells in vivo, while EN2 over-expression diminished the effects. These findings indicated that MEG3 facilitated H3K27 trimethylation of EN2 via binding to EZH2, thus suppressed the development of prostate cancer.
The Bitburg Affair and the Beginnings of Jewish Activism in 1980s West Germany*
Authors: Cronin Joseph 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
President Ronald Reagan and Chancellor Helmut Kohl’s visit to the military cemetery at Bitburg in May 1985 was covered extensively by the international media, and gave rise to a vigorous debate about the place of the National Socialist past in German memory, as well as the dignity accorded to Holocaust victims and survivors. The Jewish voices in this debate were overwhelmingly North American. However, what few have considered thus far is why a perceived insult to Jewish memory in Germany should not also have affected Jews who were living in Germany. Consequently, this article looks at the Bitburg debate from a German-Jewish perspective. What role did the Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland (ZdJ) play in the debate? And what effects, if any, did it have on Jewish life in West Germany, and on the emergence of a new Jewish activism in Germany over the longer term?
A seismic scaling relation for stellar age II: the red giant branch
Authors: Bellinger Earl Patrick 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Owing to their simplicity and ease of application, seismic scaling relations are widely used to determine the properties of stars exhibiting solar-like oscillations, such as solar twins and red giants. So far, no seismic scaling relations for determining the ages of red giant stars have been developed. Such relations would be desirable for Galactic Archaeology, which uses stellar ages to map the history of the Milky Way. The ages of red giants must instead be estimated with reference to grids of theoretical stellar models, which can be computationally intensive. Here, I present an exhaustive search for scaling age relations involving different combinations of observable quantities. The candidate scaling relations are calibrated and tested using more than 1000 red giant stars whose ages were obtained via grid-based modelling. I report multiple high-quality scaling relations for red giant branch stars, the best of which are shown to be approximately as accurate as grid-based modelling with typical uncertainties of 15 per cent. Additionally, I present new scaling mass and radius relations for red giants as well.
The ALMaQUEST survey – III. Scatter in the resolved star-forming main sequence is primarily due to variations in star formation efficiency
Authors: Ellison Sara L , Thorp Mallory D , Lin Lihwai , Pan Hsi-An , Bluck Asa F L , Scudder Jillian M , Teimoorinia Hossen , Sánchez Sebastian F , Sargent Mark 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Using a sample of 11 478 spaxels in 34 galaxies with molecular gas, star formation, and stellar maps taken from the ALMA-MaNGA QUEnching and STar formation (ALMaQUEST) survey, we investigate the parameters that correlate with variations in star formation rates on kpc scales. We use a combination of correlation statistics and an artificial neural network to quantify the parameters that drive both the absolute star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR), as well as its scatter around the resolved star-forming main sequence (ΔΣSFR). We find that ΣSFR is primarily regulated by molecular gas surface density ($\Sigma _{\rm H_2}$) with a secondary dependence on stellar mass surface density (Σ⋆), as expected from an ‘extended Kennicutt–Schmidt relation’. However, ΔΣSFR is driven primarily by changes in star formation efficiency (SFE), with variations in gas fraction playing a secondary role. Taken together, our results demonstrate that whilst the absolute rate of star formation is primarily set by the amount of molecular gas, the variation of star formation rate above and below the resolved star-forming main sequence (on kpc scales) is primarily due to changes in SFE.
HD/H2 ratio in the diffuse interstellar medium
Authors: Balashev S A , Kosenko D N 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a semi-analytical description of the relative hydrogen deuteride (HD)/H2 abundance in the diffuse interstellar medium. We found three asymptotics of the relative HD/H2 abundance for different parts of the medium and their dependence on the physical parameters, namely, number density, intensity of the ultraviolet field, cosmic ray ionization rate, and metallicity. Our calculations are in a good agreement with the full network calculations using Meudon PDR code. We found that in the case of low metallicity and/or higher cosmic ray ionization rate, HD formation rate is significantly enhanced, HD/H2 ratio increases, and the D i/HD transition occurs at lower penetration depth of ultraviolet radiation than the H i/H2 transition. This can explain the observed difference in the HD/H2 abundance between the local and high-redshift measurements.
Inertial Sensors Embedded in Smartphones as a Tool for Fatigue Assessment Based on Acceleration in Survivors of Breast Cancer
Authors: Cuesta-Vargas Antonio Ignacio , Pajares Bella , Trinidad-Fernandez Manuel , Alba Emilio , Roldan-Jiménez Cristina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Cancer-related fatigue is a symptom commonly reported in survivors of breast cancer and is the most variable symptom. Besides questionnaires like PIPER to assess cancer-related fatigue, there is a need to objectively measure fatigue.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the physiological dimension of fatigue based on acceleration during a 30-second maximal sit-to-stand test.

Design
This was a cross-sectional study.

Methods
Linear acceleration from a smartphone placed on the sternum was recorded in 70 survivors of breast cancer. Fourth-degree polynomial adjustment from the acceleration signal to the vertical and anterior-posterior axis was calculated. The fatigue temporal cut-off point was detected as a change in the curve slope of the first maximum point of acceleration.

Results
Women were aged 51.8 (8.9) years with a body mass index of 25.4 (5.1) Kg/m2. They performed 23.6 (6.57) number of repetitions. The mean fatigue cut-off point from the total sample was 10.2 (3.1) seconds.

Limitations
Further research should employ time-prolonged tests to study acceleration behavior beyond 30 seconds as well as include a physiological criterion that justifies the nonlinear saturation of the acceleration-based criterion.

Conclusions
This study assessed fatigue through a low-cost and easy-to-use methodology during a functional and widely used test such as 30-second maximal sit-to-stand. This would allow clinicians to assess fatigue in a short-effort exercise to individualize exercise prescription dose, measure changes during intervention, and track fatigue objectively throughout survivorship.
Cuticular wax coverage and its transpiration barrier properties in Quercus coccifera L. leaves: does the environment matter?
Authors: Bueno Amauri , Sancho-Knapik Domingo , Gil-Pelegrín Eustaquio , Leide Jana , Peguero-Pina José Javier , Burghardt Markus , Riederer Markus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPlants prevent uncontrolled water loss by synthesizing, depositing and maintaining a hydrophobic layer over their primary aerial organs—the plant cuticle. Quercus coccifera L. can plastically respond to environmental conditions at the cuticular level. When exposed to hot summer conditions with high vapour-pressure deficit (VPD) and intense solar radiation (Mediterranean atmospheric conditions; MED), this plant species accumulates leaf cuticular waxes even over the stomata, thereby decreasing transpirational water loss. However, under mild summer conditions with moderate VPD and regular solar radiation (temperate atmospheric conditions; TEM), this effect is sharply reduced. Despite the ecophysiological importance of the cuticular waxes of Q. coccifera, the wax composition and its contribution to avoiding uncontrolled dehydration remain unknown. Thus, we determined several leaf traits for plants exposed to both MED and TEM conditions. Further, we qualitatively and quantitatively investigated the cuticular lipid composition by gas chromatography. Finally, we measured the minimum leaf conductance (gmin) as an indicator of the efficacy of the cuticular transpiration barrier. The MED leaves were smaller, stiffer and contained a higher load of cuticular lipids than TEM leaves. The amounts of leaf cutin and cuticular waxes of MED plants were 1.4 times and 2.6 times higher than that found for TEM plants, respectively. In detail, MED plants produced higher amounts of all compound classes of cuticular waxes, except for the equivalence of alkanoic acids. Although MED leaves contained higher cutin and cuticular wax loads, the gmin was not different between the two habitats. Our findings suggest that the qualitative accumulation of equivalent cuticular waxes might compensate for the higher wax amount of MED plants, thereby contributing equally to the efficacy of the cuticular transpirational barrier of Q. coccifera. In conclusion, we showed that atmospheric conditions profoundly affect the cuticular lipid composition of Q. coccifera leaves, but do not alter its transpiration barrier properties.
Discussion report: receivables and securities in private international law
Authors: Galehr Stella , Grosz Tessa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Under the title Receivables and Securities in Private International Law, the conference, hosted by the Interdisciplinary Association of Comparative and Private International Law, was made topical by a proposal from the European Commission to regulate the applicable law on the third-party effects of assignment of claims (COM (2018) 96). The conference divided its focus into two panels: the first dealing with COM (2018) 96 from different perspectives, and the second discussing the law applicable to proprietary effects of transactions in securities.
European rules on the law applicable to third-party effects of assignments: a never-ending story?
Authors: Kieninger Eva-Maria 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The proper conflicts rule on the third-party effects of assignments of claims is again on the agenda of the European legislator after attempts to regulate it in the 2009 Rome Regulation had failed. Since that time, divergent national enactments and decisions by Member States' courts as well as a vigorous academic debate have not made the task easier. The article tries to explore some of the practical and theoretical difficulties, which the European legislator is facing, as well as possible ways to cut the Gordian knot.
Predicting Dynamic Patterns of Short-Term Movement
Authors: Milusheva Sveta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Short-term human mobility has important health consequences, but measuring short-term movement using survey data is difficult and costly, and use of mobile phone data to study short-term movement is only possible in locations that can access the data. Combining several accessible data sources, Senegal is used as a case study to predict short-term movement within the country. The focus is on two main drivers of movement—economic and social—which explain almost 70 percent of the variation in short-term movement. Comparing real and predicted short-term movement to measure the impact of population movement on the spread of malaria in Senegal, the predictions generated by the model provide estimates for the effect that are not significantly different from the estimates using the real data. Given that the data used in this paper are often accessible in other country settings, this paper demonstrates how predictive modeling can be used by policy makers to estimate short-term mobility.
Is Informal Redistribution Costly? Evidence from a Lab-in-the-Field Experiment in Senegal
Authors: Boltz Marie , Marazyan Karine , Villar Paola 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn Sub-Saharan Africa, individuals frequently transfer a substantial share of their resources to members of their social networks. Social pressure to redistribute, however, can induce disincentive effects on resource allocation decisions. This paper measures and characterizes the costs of redistributive pressure by estimating individuals’ willingness to pay (WTP) to hide their income. The study estimates a social tax due to informal redistribution of 10 percent. Moreover, it shows that individuals are willing to escape from the redistributive pressure exerted mainly by extended family members.
Using the Association Between Antibiotic Susceptibility and Genetic Relatedness to Rescue Old Drugs for Empiric Use
Authors: MacFadden Derek R , Coburn Bryan , Břinda Karel , Corbeil Antoine , Daneman Nick , Fisman David , Lee Robyn S , Lipsitch Marc , McGeer Allison , Melano Roberto G. , Mubareka Samira , Hanage William P 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRising rates of antibiotic resistance have led to the use of broader spectrum antibiotics and increasingly compromise empiric therapy. Knowing the antibiotic susceptibility of a pathogen’s close genetic relative(s) may improve empiric antibiotic selection.MethodsUsing genomic and phenotypic data from three separate clinically-derived databases of Escherichia coli isolates, we evaluated multiple genomic methods and statistical models for predicting antibiotic susceptibility, focusing on potentially rapidly available information such as lineage or genetic distance from archived isolates. We applied these methods to derive and validate prediction of antibiotic susceptibility to common antibiotics.ResultsWe evaluated 968 separate episodes of suspected and confirmed infection with Escherichia coli from three geographically and temporally separated databases in Ontario, Canada, from 2010-2018. The most common sequence type (ST) was ST131 (30%). Antibiotic susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were lowest (<=72%). Across all approaches, model performance (AUC) ranges for predicting antibiotic susceptibility were greatest for ciprofloxacin (0.76-0.97), and lowest for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (0.51-0.80). When a model predicted a susceptible isolate, the resulting (post-test) probabilities of susceptibility were sufficient to warrant empiric therapy for most antibiotics (mean 92%). An approach combining multiple models could permit the use of narrower spectrum oral agents in 2 out of every 3 patients while maintaining high treatment adequacy (∼90%).ConclusionsMethods based on genetic relatedness to archived samples in E. coli could be used to rescue older and typically unsuitable agents for use as empiric antibiotic therapy, as well as improve decisions to select newer broader spectrum agents.SummaryRapid genomic approaches that capitalize on the association between genetic relatedness and phenotype can improve our selection of antibiotics, allowing us to rescue older drugs for empiric use and better select newer and broader spectrum agents.
Effects of temperature on Zika dynamics and control
Authors: Ngonghala Calistus N , Ryan Sadie J. , Tesla Blanka , Demakovskys Leah R. , Mordecai Erin A , Murdock Courtney C. , Bonds Matthew H. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTWhen a formerly rare pathogen emerges to cause a pandemic, it is critical to understand the ecology of the disease dynamics and its potential effects on disease control. Here, we take advantage of newly available experimental data to parameterize a temperature-dependent dynamical model of Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission, and analyze the effects of temperature variability and the parameters related to control strategies on ZIKVR0and the final epidemic size (i.e., total number of human cases). Sensitivity analyses identified thatR0and the final epidemic size were largely driven by different parameters, with the exception of temperature, which is the dominant driver of epidemic dynamics in the models. Our estimate ofR0had a single optimum temperature (≈ 30° C), comparable to recently published results (≈ 29°)1. However, the total number of human cases (“final epidemic size”) is maximized across a wider temperature range, from 24 to 36°C. The models indicate that the disease is highly sensitive to seasonal temperature variation. For example, although the model predicts that Zika transmission cannot occur at a constant temperature of 22°C, with seasonal variation of 5°C around a mean of 22°C, the model predicts a larger epidemic than what would occur at a constant 30°C, the temperature predicted to maximizeR0. This suggests that the potential geographic range of Zika is wider than indicated from staticR0models, underscoring the importance of climate dynamics and variation on emerging infectious diseases.