bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Simmons Caleb 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces the reader to the history of the Mysore kingdom and the courts of Tipu Sultan and Krishnaraja Wodeyar III. It investigates the kingdom’s development before and during the British colonial encounter in order to show the historical circumstances that led to the rearticulation of sovereignty in the late early modern and early colonial period. This chapter frames the period under discussion as a time in which the Mysore courts searched for their sovereign identity, which became intimately connected to religious idioms and the kings’ royal devotion. Lastly, this introduction provides an overall outline of the book and its major arguments.
The Sultan, the Sufi, and the Guru
Authors: Simmons Caleb 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the process of devotional continuity as a way of situating kingship within Tipu Sultan’s reign. Tipu Sultan made claims about his relationship to the divine and thereby about his sovereignty. The Mysore king enacted many of the same devotional practices as his predecessors in the region, patronizing regionally significant dargahs, temples, and mathas that had been associated with royal devotion. The primary focus of the chapter is how Tipu Sultan performed his succession as the king of Bidanuru by sponsoring goddess rituals at the Shringeri Matha and through his devotion to its jagadguru, who Tipu Sultan claimed was responsible for the agricultural and military stability of the Mysore kingdom. This is read alongside Tipu Sultan’s devotional relationship with Gisu Daraz, the Sufi saint patronized by the Bahmani kings of Gulbarga and the Adil Shahs of Bijapur, who visits Tipu Sultan in his dreams.
Portraying Devotion
Authors: Simmons Caleb 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Through patronage, Krishnaraja Wodeyar III and his court constructed a cultural memory of devotion that cemented the identity of the Wodeyar lineage as the “ancient Hindu Rajahs” and displayed the king and his Wodeyar predecessors as ideal king-devotees. To supplement his acts of charity, Krishnaraja III commissioned a host of paintings and sculptures that display the king participating in royal devotional rituals in the palace and worshipping in various important temples throughout the region. These images were placed alongside older sculptures of royal patrons at key pilgrimage sites throughout the Mysore kingdom and identified with former Wodeyar kings, creating a visual genealogy of devotion that permeated the sacred landscape of southern Karnataka and situated the entire Wodeyar lineage in an unbroken line of regional devotionalism. In doing so, Krishnaraja III and his court constructed dynastic continuity through representations of devotion and redefining Indian kingship through a devotional lens.
Parenting Today
Authors: Lim Sun Sun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter identifies the key priorities among parents of Asia’s urban middle-class families. The three key priorities are inculcating values in their children to ensure positive maturation, exercising oversight and supervision over them to protect them from harm and adverse influence, and providing support for their children’s academic achievement for future success. This chapter also reviews existing literature on the sociology of parenting and parenting trends that influence and are influenced by transcendent parenting. Parenting concepts such as intensive parenting, concerted cultivation, and paranoid parenting will also be analyzed in relation to transcendent parenting.
Out and About
Authors: Lim Sun Sun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses parents’ use of mobile media to enhance their children’s personal safety. There is an extensive slate of mobile communication features, customized apps and services that parents now actively tap to monitor their children’s whereabouts, or to simply have a sense of their well-being. Mobile media such as live webcam feeds, CCTV cameras, and location-tracking services and apps have effectively enabled parents to keep track of their children even when they are physically apart. As children grow older, parental oversight continues through ceaseless mobile connections and even an extended parental surveillance network. Parents of teens and emerging adults also tend to use their children’s social media footprints to undertake subtle and covert surveillance.
Turnout and Partisan Vote Choice
Authors: Shaw Daron R. , Petrocik John R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter directly assesses the expectation that an increase in turnout from one election to the next produces a larger vote share for the Democratic candidate, while a decline in turnout reduces it. It offers straightforward data to analyze changes through time for presidential elections (overall and within states, from 1948 through 2016), Senate elections (overall, and for all one hundred seats from 1966 through 2016), gubernatorial elections (overall, and for all fifty states from 1966 through 2016), and congressional elections (overall, and for all 435 districts from 1972 through 2010). The focus is on aggregate patterns and relationships. The data indicate that partisan vote choice is not significantly correlated with turnout.
If Turnout Isn’t Driving Election Swings, What Is?
Authors: Shaw Daron R. , Petrocik John R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The previous chapters focused on refuting the turnout bias thesis. This chapter presents a theoretically satisfying empirical account for what does explain the oscillations in partisan fortunes between elections, focusing on the linkage of high-turnout presidential elections and much lower turnout congressional midterms. The concern remains the contribution of turnout oscillation to the result. The analysis uses the concept of surge and decline, an idea formulated decades ago by Angus Campbell and elaborated upon by many since, but mostly lost due to the recent obsession with turnout differences between the parties. In so doing, we expand on the analysis in chapter 7 about the greater susceptibility of peripheral voters to information about extant circumstances and to institutional arrangements, which can affect the marginal costs of voting.
Models, Fictions, and Conditionals
Authors: Godfrey-Smith Peter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses recent debates about scientific models and fictional or imaginary systems. Model-based science often apparently deals in non-actual or fictional systems, and does so by design. This practice raises questions about the relationships that can exist between such models and their real-world targets, especially about the evident empirical utility of some highly idealized scientific models. The chapter considers a range of recent treatments of models and offers an account that gives a central role to counterfactual conditionals. This chapter takes these conditionals to be the typical output of scientific modeling. These conditionals raise many problems of their own, but understanding models in these terms does enable some progress.
Enslaved in Porto Alegre
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In 1831, Rufino’s young master, an army cadet, took him to the province of Rio Grande do Sul, where he was sold to a merchant from the capital city of Porto Alegre. When his new master went bankrupt, Rufino was auctioned and bought by the police chief of the province. He worked as a cook at home and probably as a hire-out worker in the streets as well. Rio Grande received scores of slaves imported from Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. By 1819, 30 percent of Porto Alegre’s population were slaves. As the city grew, daily conflicts between slaves and the police and maroon activity became a major problem.
The Trial of the Ermelinda
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Ermelinda’s trial by the Mixed Commission in Sierra Leone started in January, 1842, and lastd 40 days. The British alleged that evidence of slave trading equipment was found on board, such as large pots and a stove, enough food and water barrels for feeding numerous people, wood planks to separate women from men, etc. However, the charge was not watertight, because neither manacles nor shackleswere found aboard the ship. The British commissioners decided to condemn the ship, but their Brazilian counterparts did not agree. The decision was made by flipping a coin, the Brazilian side won, and the ship was acquitted.
The Malês of Recife and a Doctrinal Dispute
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Turkish imam Abd al-Raman al-Bagdádi visited and preached to Muslim communities in Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, and Recife in 1865. For him, African Muslims he met had a rudimentary understanding of their religion and a lifestyle that was far removed from its principles. The use in Recife of unorthodox divination methods by Muslim preachers caught his attention. They were similar to Rufino’s religious practices, whom he may have met in person. Muslim presence in Recife was solid, as indicated by a debate among Africans of different religions published during several days in a local newspaper.
Dreams of Silk and Wine
Authors: Stanwood Owen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The next chapter moves on to the political economic significance of the overseas Refuge. While dreams of Eden motivated the migration, Huguenots had to promote themselves as useful subjects, and they did so increasingly by lauding their skills in making Mediterranean commodities like silk and wine. In this the Huguenots plugged into longstanding dreams of English and Dutch imperialists, who had long wanted to develop these commodities to correct their balances of trade. The chapter focuses particularly on three colonies—Virginia, South Carolina, and the Cape of Good Hope—that became the prime locations for Huguenot migrants. These dreams of silk and wine rarely came true, but they proved a lasting engine to overseas settlement.
A New Age of Projects
Authors: Stanwood Owen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The final chapter examines a new push to create Huguenot colonies in the era of the Seven Years’ War. The drama began back in France, where Protestants and others started a campaign for religious toleration. One plank in this campaign was for Huguenots to threaten to leave, and they began to negotiate with the British to do just that, envisioning colonies in places like Nova Scotia, Florida, and Minorca. The realization of the plan came through the efforts of Jean-Louis Gibert, a Protestant minister who became the founder of New Bordeaux in South Carolina. This colonial vision represented a renewal of themes from the first years of the Refuge. It was driven by desires to make silk and wine as well as the push for religious toleration in France. Thus the Huguenots adapted their old program to an age of Enlightenment.
Dancing the World Smaller
Authors: Kowal Rebekah J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This book examines international dance performances in New York City in the 1940s as sites in which dance artists and audiences contested what it meant to practice globalism in mid-twentieth-century America. Debates over globalism in dance proxied larger cultural struggles over how to reconcile the nation’s new role as a global superpower. In dance as in cultural politics, Americans labored over how to realize diversity while honoring difference and manage dueling impulses toward globalism, on the one hand, and isolationism, on the other.
Staging Diaspora
Authors: Kowal Rebekah J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 focuses on the artistic, cultural and political significance of Sierra-Leonean choreographer Asadata Dafora’s work in the mid-1940s. The first part of the chapter examines the import of three African dance festivals that Dafora directed and produced at Carnegie Hall on behalf of the African Academy of Arts and Research (AAAR), a pro-nationalist and anti-colonialist organization founded by Nigerian students living in New York City at the time. Seen in this light, Dafora’s performance of diaspora makes visible practices of black creativity and resistance, seeking to bridge Africanist solidarities toward the formation of a black American identity defined in global terms. The second part of the chapter analyzes the importance of a tour Dafora took with his dance company, Shogola Oloba African Dance Group, across the American South and Midwest, performing “Africa” for largely African American audiences on the eve of the civil rights movement.
Staging Diversity/Staging Containment
Authors: Kowal Rebekah J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 focuses on the 1948 International Dance Festival and the New York Golden Jubilee Celebration to investigate the cultural paradoxes surrounding international dance performance in the early Cold War years. Promotion of cross-cultural exchange and openness to difference took a nationalistic turn if the public reception and critical discourse surrounding the festival are any indication. The chapter reveals through this case study that by the late 1940s the promise of American globalism imagined at the conclusion of World War II had diminished under the strain of containment of communism, signaling a growing public anxiety about the threat of cultural outsiders and outside influences. The 1948 International Dance Festival highlights the shifting attitudes to American globalism and the redirection of national ideals regarding cultural pluralism, within the culture of containment.
How Social Comparison Affects the Self
Authors: Mussweiler Thomas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Social comparisons have powerful effects on the self. They influence how people see themselves, how they feel about themselves, and how they behave. The selective accessibility model attributes these self-evaluative, affective, motivational, and behavioral consequences of social comparison to changes in the accessibility of self-knowledge. Comparing to a social standard changes what knowledge about the self is accessible, which, in turn, produces the variety of downstream comparison consequences. This chapter provides an overview of the selective accessibility model along with the pertinent empirical evidence.
Agency and Communion in Social Comparison
Authors: Locke Kenneth D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Social comparisons help people to assess whether specific communal goals (to fit in and get along) or agentic goals (to stand out and get ahead) are likely to be fulfilling versus frustrating. For example, connective comparisons (e.g., perceiving shared attitudes) strengthen communal motives, whereas contrastive comparisons (e.g., perceiving incompatible attitudes) dampen them. Likewise, upward assimilation and downward contrast comparisons strengthen agentic motives, whereas upward contrast and downward assimilation dampen them. People also advance their agentic and communal goals by making comparisons selectively (e.g., noticing similarities with people they want to connect with) or selectively making themselves the targets of others’ downward, upward, or connective comparisons by advertising their weaknesses, strengths, or similarities. Finally, while some situations (e.g., competition) stimulate agentic motives and vertical comparisons and others (e.g., cooperation) stimulate communal motives and horizontal comparisons, many situations (e.g., ongoing partnerships) stimulate complex combinations of agentic and communal motives and comparisons.
Stereotypes and Relative Social Status in Social Comparisons
Authors: Swencionis Jillian K. , Fiske Susan T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
How do people compare themselves to others who are relatively higher or lower in social status, and what are the interpersonal consequences of these status comparisons? This chapter reviews past and emerging research on interpersonal interactions that involve social comparisons across social status divides. The chapter begins with a framework for comparing the self to others on dimensions of warmth and competence, then reviews social neuroscience studies of status comparisons, and, finally, reviews studies of social comparisons across social class and social status divides, including studies of interpersonal interactions and behavior. In a world in which social inequality continues to increase, social comparisons across status divides continue to increase in prevalence. Understanding the social contexts and consequences of status comparisons will only become more important.
Local Comparisons and General Standards
Authors: Klar Yechiel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Member-to-group comparisons, in which the relative standing of particular group members vis-à-vis the other group members is judged (e.g., how competent is Dan relative to the others in the department? How tasty is this pizza relative to the other pizzas on the counter) are highly prevalent. According to LOGE theory, in making such comparisons, people strike a compromise between the local judgmental standard pertaining to the judged group and the general standard, which refers to the broader parent category. The resultant nonselective superiority and inferiority comparative biases are described, and their generality and robustness are reviewed. The author suggests that the egocentric superiority and inferiority biases in self–others comparisons can be viewed as part of these more general judgmental tendencies.
How Social Networks Shape Social Comparison
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Centola Damon 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
While social comparison research has focused on the processes and consequences of how the comparer gleans information from the comparison other (individual or group), recent research on social networks demonstrates how information and influence are distributed across persons in a network. This chapter reviews social influence processes in social networks. The authors first review recent research on social comparison and its negative consequences in online social networks. Then the authors delve into discussing the social network causes of biased social perceptions online and how this can be remedied by building more accurate perceptions through constructed online networks. Lastly, the authors discuss findings from recent experimental studies that illustrate how constructed online networks can harness social comparison to induce significant changes in health behavior.
The Sound of Music at Outdoor Summer Musical Theatres
Authors: Wolf Stacy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter visits three large, unique, outdoor venues for musical theatre in the summer: the Mountain Play in Mill Valley, California, the Zilker Summer Musical in Austin, Texas, and the Open Air Theatre at Washington Crossing, New Jersey, focusing on each theatre’s production of The Sound of Music. The Mountain Play has produced of one show each spring since 1913 in a 3,750-seat amphitheatre on the top of Mt. Tamalpais. The Zilker Summer Musical, established by the local recreation department in 1959, offers an annual free musical on a hillside that attracts thousands of spectators, many of whom would not otherwise see a play. The Open Air Theatre, which opened in 1964, presents thirteen shows each summer to more than eighteen thousand spectators. Each one of these venues, all located in old and well-established state parks, also boasts a complex history in relation to state and local government. Coincidentally, these three organizations produced The Sound of Music in successive years—the perfect show for an outdoor theatre. When Maria sings, “The hills are alive with the sound of music,” it was true: The hills are alive with the sound of music, though not actually the Austrian mountains where the classic Rodgers and Hammerstein musical is set.
Epidemiology by Design
Authors: Westreich Daniel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As the cornerstone science of public health, evidence-based medicine, and comparative effectiveness research, a clear understanding of study designs is central to the study of epidemiology. Causal inference is increasingly being understood as the theoretical foundation underlying epidemiologic study designs and the science as a whole. This textbook takes a causal approach to traditional introductory epidemiology, through the organizing principle of study designs and the lens of modern causal inference approaches (potential outcomes, counterfactuals, identification conditions). The intended audience is first-year graduate students and advanced undergraduates in epidemiology and allied fields more broadly. Section I introduces measures of prevalence and incidence (survival curves, risks, rates, odds) and measures of contrast (differences, ratios), the fundamentals of causal inference, and principles of diagnostic testing, screening, and surveillance. Section II describes three key study designs through the lens of causal inference: randomized trials, prospective observational cohort studies, and case-control studies. For each, the author discusses logistics and conduct, advantages and disadvantages including biases, basic approaches to analysis, and briefly reviews several additional study designs. Section III extends material in previous sections, moving from concerns about internal validity (within a sample) to questions of external validity and population impact. This book provides new students with a rigorous foundation in epidemiologic methods and an introduction to methods and thinking in causal inference, serving as an excellent foundation for further study of the field.
Measuring Disease
Authors: Westreich Daniel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The first task of epidemiology is to understand in some depth the concepts of prevalence and incidence, how to quantify them, and key types of error that can affect the measurements of each. In Chapter 1, the author describes prevalence and incidence in single samples (a single population), as well as how to quantify these measures. The chapter will focus on the survival curve as the central measure of incidence of disease over time in a population and then describe how simpler measures such as the incidence proportion (that is, the risk), incidence rate, incidence odds, and measures of time can be derived from the survival curve.
Causal Inference, Causal Effect Estimation, and Systematic Error
Authors: Westreich Daniel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 discusses basic concepts in causal inference, beginning with an introduction to potential outcomes and definitions of causal contrasts (or causal estimates of effect), concepts, terms, and notation. Many concepts introduced here will be developed further in subsequent chapters. The author discusses sufficient conditions for estimation of causal effects (which are sometimes called causal identification conditions), causal directed acyclic graphs (sometimes called causal diagrams), and four key types of systematic error (confounding bias, missing data bias, selection bias, and measurement error/information bias). The author also briefly discusses alternative approaches to causal inference.
Randomized Trials
Authors: Westreich Daniel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In Chapter 5, the author describes randomized trials. The chapter gives a broad overview of types of trials and the steps in conducting a trial and also describes how trials meet (and fail to meet) core causal identification conditions. The author provides a brief introduction to the analysis of randomized trial data. As well, the chapter introduces factorial trials as well as subgroup analysis of trials as a way of explaining differences between causal interaction and effect measure modification. Finally, the author describes issues in the generalizability and transportability of trials and quantitative approaches to these issues.