bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameters and States Estimates of COVID-19 Model Using Lagrange Polynomial, Least Square Approximation and Kenya Quarantine Data
Authors: Ngari Cyrus Gitonga , Muthuri Grace Gakii , James Mirgichan Khobocha 
Published: October 2020

Aims/ Objectives: To develop a compartment based mathematical model, fit daily quarantine data from Ministry of Health of Kenya, estimate individuals in latency and infected in general community and predict dynamics of quarantine for the next 90 days.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: 13thMarch 2020 to 30th June 2020.
Methodology: The population based model was developed using status and characteristic of COVID-19 infection. Quarantine data up to 30/6/2020 was fitted using integrating and differentiating theory of odes and numerical differentiation polynomials. Parameter and state estimates was approximated using least square. Simulations were carried out using ode Matlab solver. Daily community estimates of individuals in latency and infected were obtained together with daily estimate of rate of enlisting individual to quarantine center and their proportions were summarized.Results: The results indicated that maximum infection rate was equal 0.892999 recorded on 28/6/2020, average infection rate was 0.019958 and minimum 0.00012 on 26/6/2020.Conclusion: Predictions based on parameters and state averages indicated that the number of individuals in quarantine are expected to rise exponentially up to about 26,855 individuals by 130th day and remain constant up to 190th day.
Antifungal Resistance Pattern of Candida Species Isolated from High Vaginal Swabs of Women Attending a Hospital in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Ezeadila Joachim Ohiakwu , Okoli Ikechukwu , Oyeka Christie Amaechi 
Published: October 2020

There is an increase in non-albicans Candida (NAC) vulvovaginal candidiasis which is attributed to overuse of antifungal therapy and this has led to antifungal resistance. This study was aimed at determining the antifungal resistance pattern of some clinical isolates of Candida species. Eighty-eight (88) isolates were used which included Candida tropicalis (34), Candida Parapsilosis (21), Candida albicans (20), Candida krusei (7) and Candida glabrata (6). The drugs used were Fluconazole (25µg), Ketoconazole (10µg), Voriconazole (1µg), Nystatin (100Units), Amphotericin B (20µg), Flucytosine (1µg), Clotrimazole (10µg) and Itraconazole (50µg). The susceptibility testing was carried out using the M44-A standard method for yeast disk diffusion testing. Results showed that the percentages of Candida species resistant to Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Voriconazole, Amphotericin B, Flucytosine, Clotrimazole and Itraconazole and Nystatin were 52.3%, 61.9%, 35.2%, 19.3%, 86.4%, 34.1%, 45.5% and 44.3%, with inhibition zone diameters ≤14mm, ≤20mm, ≤13mm, <10mm, ≤11mm, ≤11mm, ≤13mm and no inhibition zone diameter respectively. Candida krusei was the most resistant species with 100% resistance to each of Fluconazole, Ketoconazole and Flucytosine. Candida tropicalis was the species with the highest susceptibility (79.4%) to Amphotericin B followed by Candida parapsilosis with inhibition zone diameters ≥15mm. While Candida glabrata showed 100% resistance to each of Flucytosine and Itraconazole, Candida albicans showed 100% resistance to Flucytosine only. Candida glabrata was the only Candida species with 0% resistance to Amphotericin B. The drug to which most of the Candida species were susceptible was Amphotericin B followed by Voriconazole while Flucytosine was the drug with the highest resistance followed by Ketoconazole and Fluconazole. The highest number of susceptible-dose dependent Candida isolates was observed with Ketoconazole (25%), followed by Clotrimazole and Itraconazole, each recording 23.9%. Based on the findings of the present study, Voriconazole is recommended for vaginal candidiasis especially in the study area and also especially for infections caused by Fluconazole-resistant Candida species. This suggests that routine sensitivity testing is pertinent to guiding the choice of antifungal therapy. Thus, indiscriminate use of antifungal drugs should be avoided to reduce the development and spread of resistance.
Cord Blood Bilirubin, Albumin and Bilirubin/Albumin Ratio versus Hydrogen Peroxide as Early Predictors of Significant Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Deghady Sohayla Abdel Rahman , Rowisha Mohamed Ahmed , Ibrahim Ashraf Mohamed , Kishk Walaa Arafa 
Published: October 2020

Aims: To evaluate significance of cord blood bilirubin, albumin, bilirubin /albumin ratio and hydrogen peroxide as early predictors of significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Place and Duration of Study: Egypt, Tanta University Hospital (at delivery room and follow up was done in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) over one year from April 2019 to April 2020.
Methodology: We included 80 neonates allocated into two groups (40 each), Group I included neonates with gestational age between 30 to less than 35 weeks, Group II neonates with gestational age ≥35 weeks. They were subjected to history taking, clinical assessment and lab investigations (cord blood albumin, bilirubin, hydrogen peroxide level and blood bilirubin/albumin ratio, 3rd day total and direct serum bilirubin level and others). Follow up done for developing jaundice on 3rd day.
Results: There was statistically significant increase in the incidence of significant hyperbilirubinemia in group I (82.5%) in comparison with group II (27.5%) (P-value <0.001). There was positive significant correlation between cord blood bilirubin (P<0.001), bilirubin/albumin ratio (P <0.001) and hydrogen peroxide (P=0.012 in GI) (P = 0.001 in GII) and 3rd day TSB levels in the studied groups. There was negative significant correlation between cord blood albumin and 3rd day TSB levels in the studied groups (P < 0.001). There was positive significant correlation between cord blood bilirubin (P <0.001 in GI) (P =0.024 in GII), bilirubin/ albumin ratio (P <0.001 in GI) (P =0.002 in GII) and hydrogen peroxide (P <0.001) and the duration of phototherapy in the studied groups. There was negative significant correlation between cord blood albumin and the duration of phototherapy in group I (P =0.001), while there was no significant correlation between cord blood albumin and the duration of phototherapy in group II (P = 0.118).
Conclusion: When comparing the four cord predictors for significant indirect hyperbilirubinemia; bilirubin/albumin ratio was the most accurate predictor with higher sensitivity and specificity, followed by cord blood bilirubin, then albumin, while hydrogen peroxide was the least accurate in all neonates ≥ 30 weeks.
Ultrafast Exciton Transport with a Long Diffusion Length in Layered Perovskites with Organic Cation Functionalization
Authors: Xiao Xun , Wu Marvin , Ni Zhenyi , Xu Shuang , Chen Shangshang , Hu Jun , Rudd Peter Neil , You Wei , Huang Jinsong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLayered perovskites have been employed for various optoelectronic devices including solar cells and light‐emitting diodes for improved stability, which need exciton transport along both the in‐plane and the out‐of‐plane directions. However, it is not clear yet what determines the exciton transport along the in‐plane direction, which is important to understand its impact toward electronic devices. Here, by employing both steady‐state and transient photoluminescence mapping, it is found that in‐plane exciton diffusivities in layered perovskites are sensitive to both the number of layers and organic cations. Apart from exciton–phonon coupling, the octahedral distortion is revealed to significantly affect the exciton diffusion process, determined by temperature‐dependent photoluminescence, light‐intensity‐dependent time‐resolved photoluminescence, and density function theory calculations. A simple fluorine substitution to phenethylammonium for the organic cations to tune the structural rigidity and octahedral distortion yields a record exciton diffusivity of 1.91 cm2 s−1 and a diffusion length of 405 nm along the in‐plane direction. This study provides guidance to manipulate exciton diffusion by modifying organic cations in layered perovskites.
Air‐Stable 2D Intrinsic Ferromagnetic Ta3FeS6 with Four Months Durability
Authors: Su Jianwei , Wang Mingshan , Liu Guiheng , Li Huiqiao , Han Junbo , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: October 2020

Abstract2D ferromagnetic materials provide an important platform for the fundamental magnetic research at atomic‐layer thickness which has great prospects for next‐generation spintronic devices. However, the currently discovered 2D ferromagnetic materials (such as, CrI3, Cr2Ge2Te6, and Fe3GeTe2) suffer from poor air stability, which hinders their practical application. Herein, intrinsic long‐range ferromagnetic order in 2D Ta3FeS6 is reported, which exhibits ultrahigh stability under the atmospheric environment. The intrinsic ferromagnetism of few‐layer Ta3FeS6 is revealed by polar magneto‐optical Kerr effect measurement, which exhibits giant MOKE response and has Curie temperature of ≈80 K. More importantly, few‐layer Ta3FeS6 nanosheet exhibits excellent air stability and its ferromagnetism remains unchanged after 4 months of aging under the atmosphere. This work enriches the family of 2D ferromagnetic materials, which will facilitate the research progress of spintronics.
The Case for Healthy U.S.‐China Agricultural Trade Relations despite Deglobalization Pressures
Authors: Zhang Wendong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is crippling the global economy and heightening distrust and political disagreements among major countries. Furthermore, ongoing deglobalization efforts taken by firms and countries are fueling the rise of economic nationalism. A prime example is the possible decoupling of US–China economic and trade relations, which the ongoing trade war has already significantly disrupted. This paper analyzes the impacts of COVID‐19 on US agricultural exports to China, especially the added delays and uncertainty regarding China's food imports meeting the US–China phase one trade deal target. I present the views of US farmers and the general public toward China and argue that healthy US–China agricultural trade relations are not only critical for both countries but welcomed by US farmers. I also discuss the possible rise in nontariff barriers following the pandemic as well as trade policies that are increasingly intertwined with political tensions. Finally, I discuss how the US–China phase one trade deal could possibly lead to a more balanced bilateral agricultural trade portfolio with greater share of protein and retail food products.
Tree legume enhances livestock performance in a silvopasture system
Authors: Gomes da Silva I. A. , Dubeux J. C. B. , de Melo A. C. L. , da Cunha M. V. , dos Santos M. V. F. , Apolinário V. X. O. , de Freitas E. V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSilvopastoral systems (SPSs) can increase overall productivity and long‐term income due to the simultaneous production of trees, forage, and livestock. This 2‐yr study evaluated animal performance and herbage responses in C4–grass monoculture or in SPS in the subhumid tropical region of Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Treatments were: Urochloa decumbens (Stapf.) R. Webster (Signalgrass) + Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth (SPS–mimosa), Signalgrass + Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp (SPS–gliricidia), and signalgrass monoculture (SM). Response variables included herbage and livestock responses. Cattle were managed under continuous stocking with variable stocking rate. There was a treatment × month interaction for herbage mass. Green herbage accumulation rate ranged from 20 to 80 kg dry matter ha−1 d−1 across months, with SPS–mimosa presenting lower rates. Average daily gain was greater in SPS–gliricidia, followed by SM and SPS–mimosa (0.77, 0.56, and 0.23 kg d−1, respectively), varying across months. Stocking rate ranged from 0.86 to 1.6 AU ha−1. Total gain per area during the experimental period was greater for SPS–gliricidia (423 kg body weight [BW] ha−1), followed by signalgrass in monoculture (347 kg BW ha−1) and SPS–mimosa (50 kg BW ha−1). Silvopasture systems using signalgrass and gliricidia enhanced livestock gains compared with signalgrass in monoculture, and mimosa trees outcompeted signalgrass, reducing livestock gains. Silvopasture systems with tree legumes have the potential to provide numerous ecosystem services and to reduce the C footprint of livestock systems in the tropics; however, the choice of tree species is key and is determined by which ecosystem service is prioritized.
Novel pathogenic genomic variants leading to autosomal dominant and recessive Robinow syndrome
Authors: Zhang Chaofan , Mazzeu Juliana F. , Eisfeldt Jesper , Grochowski Christopher M. , White Janson , Akdemir Zeynep C. , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Muzny Donna M. , Gibbs Richard A. , Lindstrand Anna , Lupski James R. , Sutton V. Reid , Carvalho Claudia M. B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRobinow syndrome (RS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by skeletal dysplasia and a distinctive facial appearance. Previous studies have revealed locus heterogeneity with rare variants in DVL1, DVL3, FZD2, NXN, ROR2, and WNT5A underlying the etiology of RS. The aforementioned “Robinow‐associated genes” and their gene products all play a role in the WNT/planar cell polarity signaling pathway. We performed gene‐targeted Sanger sequencing, exome sequencing, genome sequencing, and array comparative genomic hybridization on four subjects with a clinical diagnosis of RS who had not had prior DNA testing. Individuals in our cohort were found to carry pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in three RS related genes: DVL1, ROR2, and NXN. One subject was found to have a nonsense variant (c.817C > T [p.Gln273*]) in NXN in trans with an ~1 Mb telomeric deletion on chromosome 17p containing NXN, which supports our contention that biallelic NXN variant alleles are responsible for a novel autosomal recessive RS locus. These findings provide increased understanding of the role of WNT signaling in skeletal development and maintenance. These data further support the hypothesis that dysregulation of the noncanonical WNT pathway in humans gives rise to RS.
Towards a Single Chemical Model for Understanding Lanthanide Hexaborides
Authors: Munarriz Julen , Robinson Paul J. , Alexandrova Anastassia N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLanthanide hexaborides (LnB6) have disparate and often anomalous properties, from structurally homogeneous mixed valency, to superconductivity, spectral anomalies, and unexplained phase transitions. It is unclear how such a diversity of properties may arise in the solids of identical crystal structures and seemingly very similar electronic structures. Building on our previous model for SmB6 (mixed valent, with a peak in specific heat, and pressure induced magnetic phase transitions), we present a unifying dynamic bonding model for LnB6 that explains simultaneously EuB6 (possessing an anomalous peak in specific heat at low T, magnetic phase transitions, and no mixed valency), YbB6 (mixed valent topological insulator), and rather ordinary LaB6. We show that Ln can engage in covalent bonding with boron, and, in some members of the LnB6 family, also easily access alternative bonding states through the electron–phonon coupling. The accessibility, relative energetics, and bonding nature of the states involved dictate the properties.
Extended Multicomponent Reactions with Indole Aldehydes: Access to Unprecedented Polyheterocyclic Scaffolds, Ligands of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
Authors: Ghashghaei Ouldouz , Pedrola Marina , Seghetti Francesca , Martin Victor V. , Zavarce Ricardo , Babiak Michal , Novacek Jiri , Hartung Frederick , Rolfes Katharina M. , Haarmann‐Stemmann Thomas , Lavilla Rodolfo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe participation of reactants undergoing a polarity inversion along a multicomponent reaction allows the continuation of the transformation with productive domino processes. Thus, indole aldehydes in Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reactions lead to an initial adduct which spontaneously triggers a series of events leading to the discovery of novel reaction pathways together with direct access to a variety of linked, fused, and bridged polyheterocyclic scaffolds. Indole 3‐ and 4‐carbaldehydes with suitable isocyanides and aminoazines afford fused adducts through oxidative Pictet–Spengler processes, whereas indole 2‐carbaldehyde yields linked indolocarbazoles under mild conditions, and a bridged macrocycle at high temperature. These novel structures are potent activators of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway.
Aromatic bisphenolA‐basedelastomers via hydrosilylation chemistry
Authors: Schear Mollie B. , Neal Arianna , Clarke Jadah S. , Saab Andrew P. , Giller Carl B. , Casalini Riccardo , Laskoski Matthew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe preparation of highly aromatic elastomers from a bisphenol A‐based divinyl‐terminated resin and polymerization with various aromatic silane containing compounds utilizing a room temperature hydrosilylation reaction is demonstrated. The polymers exhibit high thermal and oxidative stability with 5% weight losses around 430 and 350°C and char yields ranging from 35% to 40%. The thermosets maintained their elastomeric properties with good hardness and mechanical properties as measured by elongation measurements. The toughness of the thermosets was not improved with the inclusion of aromatic moieties but the hardness did appear to increase with the addition of more aromatic groups.
Electroactive interpenetrated biohydrogels as hybrid materials based on conducting polymers
Authors: Molina Brenda G. , Llampayas Ariadna , Fabregat Georgina , Estrany Francesc , Alemán Carlos , Torras Juan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDifferent levels of interpenetration of poly(hydroxymethyl‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PHMeDOT) inside a poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γPGA) biohydrogel matrix, previously loaded with microparticles of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), have been obtained. The degree of interpenetration has shown influence on the morphological and electrochemical properties of the resulting biohydrogel ([PEDOT/γPGA]PHMeDOT) with a maximum after 1 h of PHMeDOT polymerization time. The high biocompatibility of all biohydrogel components, together with the combination of mechanical properties of γPGA hydrogels with the electrochemical properties of interconnected microparticles of PEDOT, makes it a promising material for next generation of biosensors.
Intelligent educational cyber‐physical systems for college English course
Authors: Xiaolin Jia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCyber‐physical systems (CPS) refer to the incorporation of computing systems in physical world procedures. In the present systems, researchers are facing some difficulties, such as their use in school and colleges, which need to be resolved in CPS. In this paper, we offer a model for the inclusion of physical settings with an artificial intelligent adjustment system to bridge the gap between teaching and intelligent educational cyber systems. Furthermore, this paper provides a definition and description of Adaptive English Cyber personalized systematic Algorithm with nano‐class. Finally, we develop a prototype of advanced educational cyber‐physical system using Intelligent Classification Algorithm for the English course in the college for effective teaching.
Disentangling the therapeutic tactics in GBM: From bench to bedside and beyond
Authors: Daisy Precilla S. , Kuduvalli Shreyas S. , Thirugnanasambandhar Sivasubramanian Anitha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and malignant form of adult brain tumor with a high mortality rate and dismal prognosis. The present standard treatment comprising surgical resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy using temozolomide can broaden patient's survival to some extent. However, the advantages are not palliative due to the development of resistance to the drug and tumor recurrence following the multimodal treatment approaches due to both intra‐ and intertumoral heterogeneity of GBM. One of the major contributors to temozolomide resistance is O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase. Furthermore, deficiency of mismatch repair, base excision repair, and cytoprotective autophagy adds to temozolomide obstruction. Rising proof additionally showed that a small population of cells displaying certain stem cell markers, known as glioma stem cells, adds on to the resistance and tumor progression. Collectively, these findings necessitate the discovery of novel therapeutic avenues for treating glioblastoma. As of late, after understanding the pathophysiology and biology of GBM, some novel therapeutic discoveries, such as drug repurposing, targeted molecules, immunotherapies, antimitotic therapies, and microRNAs, have been developed as new potential treatments for glioblastoma. To help illustrate, “what are the mechanisms of resistance to temozolomide” and “what kind of alternative therapeutics can be suggested” with this fatal disease, a detailed history of these has been discussed in this review article, all with a hope to develop an effective treatment strategy for GBM.
Delayed presentation of left traumatic diaphragmatic hernia with displacement of spleen and stomach to left hemi thorax
Authors: Marzban‐Rad Saeid , Sattari Parastesh , Taheri Hamid Reza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe presented a case of late onset of left traumatic diaphragmatic hernia with displacement of spleen and stomach to the left hemi thorax, a year after the trauma. Gastric and respiratory complications along with herniation should be immediately managed, in order to reduce the risk of cardiac arrest and mortality.
Regulating Mitochondrial pH with Light and Implications for Chemoresistance
Authors: Zhao Tinghan , Wan Zhaoxiong , Sambath Karthik , Yu Shupei , Uddin Mehrun Nahar , Zhang Yuanwei , Belfield Kevin D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChemoresistance is one of the major challenges for cancer treatment, more recently ascribed to defective mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), significantly diminishing chemotherapeutic agent‐induced apoptosis. A boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophore‐based triarylsulfonium photoacid generator (BD‐PAG) was used to target mitochondria with the aim to regulate mitochondrial pH and further depolarize the mitochondrial membrane. Cell viability assays demonstrated the relative biocompatibility of BD‐PAG in the dark while live cell imaging suggested high accumulation in mitochondria. Specific assays indicated that BD‐PAG is capable of regulating mitochondrial pH with significant effects on mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Therapeutic tests using chlorambucil in combination with BD‐PAG revealed a new strategy in chemoresistance suppression.
Single Copper Atoms Supported on ZnS as an Efficient Catalyst for Electrochemical Reduction of CO to CH3OH
Authors: Kour Gurpreet , Mao Xin , Du Aijun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) or carbon monoxide (CO) into fuels and value‐added products such as methane, methanol or ethanol are promising strategies to mitigate the carbon levels in the environment. Single‐atom catalysts (SAC) have attained much attention in the recent years due to their high activity, selectivity and maximum atom utilization. In this work, single copper atoms anchored on ZnS (Zinc Blende) and ZnO (Wurtzite) were investigated for CO reduction by using density functional theory calculations for the first time. Cu atom supported on ZnS exhibited high activity as well as selectivity towards the reduction of CO to methanol (CH3OH) with a limiting potential of only −0.19 V, while Cu/ZnO exhibited a very large negative value of the limiting potential for the reduction of CO to CH3OH. This work may prove helpful for the design of efficient single‐atom catalysts for the electrocatalytic reactions.