bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grazing effects of sea urchin Diadema savignyi on algal abundance and coral recruitment processes
Authors: Do Hung Dang Viet , Fong Chia-Ling , Shiu Jia-Ho , Nozawa Yoko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHerbivores control algae and promote coral dominance along coral reefs. However, the majority of previous studies have focused on herbivorous fish. Here we investigated grazing effects of the sea urchin Diadema savignyi on algal abundance and coral recruitment processes. We conducted an in situ cage experiment with three density conditions of D. savignyi (0, 8, 16 indiv. m−2) for three months during the main coral recruitment season in Taiwan. Results demonstrated a strong algal control by D. savignyi. At the end of the experiment, average algal cover was 95% for 0 indiv. m−2, compared to 47% for 8 indiv. m−2 and 16% for 16 indiv. m−2. Average algal biomass at 8 indiv. m−2 declined by one third compared to 0 indiv. m−2 and almost zero at 16 indiv. m−2. On the other hand, a negative grazing effect of D. savignyi was observed on coral recruitment processes. Notably, at 16 indiv. m−2, the density of coral recruits declined and mortality of small coral fragments (proxy of coral juveniles) increased. Our results confirm findings of previous studies and indicate the need to balance both positive (strong algal control) and negative (physical damage) influences of Diadema grazing to facilitate the coral recruitment process.
Cultural and Linguistic Adaptation of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) Into Hindi
Authors: Joshi Ashwini , Baheti Isha , Angadi Vrushali 
Published: November 2020

Aim
The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the reliability of a Hindi version of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V). Reliability was assessed by comparing Hindi CAPE-V ratings with English CAPE-V ratings and by the Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia and Strain (GRBAS) scale.

Method
Hindi sentences were created to match the phonemic load of the corresponding English CAPE-V sentences. The Hindi sentences were adapted for linguistic content. The original English and adapted Hindi CAPE-V and GRBAS were completed for 33 bilingual individuals with normal voice quality. Additionally, the Hindi CAPE-V and GRBAS were completed for 13 Hindi speakers with disordered voice quality. The agreement of CAPE-V ratings was assessed between language versions, GRBAS ratings, and two rater pairs (three raters in total). Pearson product–moment correlation was completed for all comparisons.

Results

A strong correlation (
r
> .8,
p
< .01) was found between the Hindi CAPE-V scores and the English CAPE-V scores for most variables in normal voice participants. A weak correlation was found for the variable of strain (
r
< .2,
p
= .400) in the normative group. A strong correlation (
r
> .6,
p
< .01) was found between the overall severity/grade, roughness, and breathiness scores in the GRBAS scale and the CAPE-V scale in normal and disordered voice samples. Significant interrater reliability (
r
> .75) was present in overall severity and breathiness.

Conclusions
The Hindi version of the CAPE-V demonstrates good interrater reliability and concurrent validity with the English CAPE-V and the GRBAS. The Hindi CAPE-V can be used for the auditory-perceptual voice assessment of Hindi speakers.
Is TiO emission present in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b? A reassessment using the improved ExoMol TOTO line list
Authors: Serindag Dilovan B. , Nugroho Stevanus K. , Mollière Paul , de Mooij Ernst J. W. , Gibson Neale P. , Snellen Ignas A. G. 
Published: November 2020

Context. Efficient absorption of stellar ultraviolet and visible radiation by TiO and VO is predicted to drive temperature inversions in the upper atmospheres of hot Jupiters. However, very few inversions or detections of TiO or VO have been reported, and results are often contradictory.
Aims. Using the improved ExoMol TOTO line list, we searched for TiO emission in the dayside spectrum of WASP-33b using the same data in which the molecule was previously detected with an older line list at 4.8σ. We intended to confirm the molecular detection and quantify the signal improvement offered by the ExoMol TOTO line list.
Methods. Data from the High Dispersion Spectrograph on the Subaru Telescope was extracted and reduced in an identical manner to the previous study. Stellar and telluric contamination were then removed. High-resolution TiO emission models of WASP-33b were created that spanned a range of molecular abundances using the radiative transfer code petitRADTRANS, and were subsequently cross-correlated with the data.
Results. We measure a 4.3σ TiO emission signature using the ExoMol TOTO models, corresponding to a WASP-33b orbital velocity semi-amplitude of Kp=252.9−5.3+5.0 km s-1 and a system velocity of vsys=−23.0−4.6+4.7 km s-1. Injection-recovery tests using models based on the new and earlier line lists indicate that if the new models provide a perfect match to the planet spectrum, the significance of the TiO detection should have increased by a factor of ~2.
Conclusions. Although the TiO signal we find is statistically significant, comparison with previous works makes our result too ambiguous to claim a clear-cut detection. Unexpectedly, the new ExoMol TOTO models provide a weaker signal than that found previously, which is offset in Kp-vsys space. This sheds some doubt on both detections, especially in light of a recently published TiO non-detection using a different dataset.
General-relativistic instability in hylotropic supermassive stars
Authors: Haemmerlé L. 
Published: November 2020

Context. The formation of supermassive black holes by direct collapse would imply the existence of supermassive stars (SMSs) and their collapse through the general-relativistic (GR) instability into massive black hole seeds. However, the final mass of SMSs is weakly constrained by existing models, in spite of the importance of this value for the consistency of the direct collapse scenario.
Aims. We estimate the final masses of spherical SMSs within the whole parameter space that is relevant to these objects.
Methods. We built analytical stellar structures (hylotropes) that mimic existing numerical SMS models, accounting for full stellar evolution with rapid accretion. From these hydrostatic structures, we determine ab initio the conditions for GR instability and compare the results with the predictions for full stellar evolution.
Results. We show that hylotropic models predict the onset of GR instability with a high level of precision. The mass of the convective core appears as a decisive quantity. The lower it is, the larger the total mass required for GR instability. The typical conditions for GR instability feature a total mass of ≳105 M⊙ with a core mass of ≳104 M⊙. If the core mass remains below 104 M⊙, total masses in excess of 106 − 107 M⊙ can be reached.
Conclusions. Our results confirm that spherical SMSs forming in primordial, atomically cooled haloes collapse at masses below 500 000 M⊙. On the other hand, accretion rates in excess of 1000 M⊙ yr−1, leading to final stellar masses of ≳106 M⊙, are required for massive black hole formation in metal-rich gas. Thus, the different channels of direct collapse imply distinct final masses for the progenitor of the black hole seed.
Models for the development of multi-level gas supply systems
Authors: Ilkevich Nikolay , Dzyubina Tatyana , Kalinina Zhanna 
Published: November 2020

The article shows the relevance of hierarchical modeling in substantiating the optimal development of the gas industry in modern conditions. The questions of aggregation of calculation schemes of gas supply systems are considered. A set of mathematical models is proposed that allows us to consider it at three levels of the hierarchy, taking into account the improvement, refinement and detail of the information base being developed. Models are considered: 1) optimization of the structure of gas supply systems; 2) optimization of se-zone gas consumption, analysis and synthesis of reliability; 3) optimization of parameters of the main gas-wire taking into account reliability.
The created information base on gas supply systems of the Russian Federation includes dynamics of development of demand for natural gas in the domestic and foreign markets, aggregated technical and technological, cost and reliability characteristics of system objects (main gas lines, fields, underground gas storage facilities) and forecasts of gas production.
On the basis of mathematical models, studies of the development of multi-level gas supply systems in Russia for the period up to 2030 are performed: the rates and directions of development of the gas transport structure, commissioning of new fields and optimal gas flows through the Russian Federation are substantiated. A systematic assessment of the means of regulating seasonal unevenness of gas consumption and the means of ensuring the reliability of the North-Western district of the Russian Federation was carried out.
Passive Filter Design for Power Supply Systems with Traction Loads
Authors: Dovgun Valery , Shandrygin Denis , Boyarskaya Natalia , Andyuseva Valentina 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the investigation is to analyze resonant modes in electric power systems that feed the traction load, to study the mutual influence of the traction network and the external power supply system. Simulation model of the power supply system with traction load, implemented with the Matlab/Simulink software package, is considered. The proposed model is used to study the influence of various parameters of the power supply system on resonant modes, including the length of lines, the short-circuit power of the external power supply system, and the spectral composition of locomotive currents. It is shown that the study of resonant modes should consider the traction power supply system and the external network as a single system. Its frequency characteristics depend on both the parameters of the traction network and the parameters of the external power supply system.The ways to improve technical characteristics of passive filtering systems (PFS) for traction railway networks due to the sustainable choice of passive filter configurations have been investigated. Different PFS that provide compensation for voltage distortions in both the traction and external network have been proposed. They provide the suppression of powerful low-frequency harmonics and the resonant mode damping in the traction network – transformer – external network system. Broadband filters of the 3-5 orders have been proposed to control the characteristics of the traction power supply system.
100 Jahre Insulin – Meilenstein der Medizingeschichte
Authors: Joergens Viktor 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungAm 31. Oktober 2020 war es ein Jahrhundert her, dass Frederick Banting nachts seine Idee notierte, nach Unterbindung des Pankreasgangs und Atrophie des exokrinen Gewebes bei Hunden Insulin zu gewinnen. Aber diese Idee war keineswegs neu, und diese Methode der Insulingewinnung war völlig ungeeignet, genug Insulin für die Behandlung von Patienten zu gewinnen. Schon vor ihm hatten Scott in Chicago, Zülzer und Reuter in Berlin sowie Paulescu in Bukarest Methoden zur Insulingewinnung aus Pankreata von Schlachttieren entwickelt und die Wirkung ihrer Extrakte publiziert. Nicht die unnötigen Hundeversuche von Banting und Best im Sommer 1921, sondern die Arbeit des Biochemikers Collip ermöglichte in wenigen Wochen die Gewinnung von Insulin aus Pankreata von Schlachttieren in einer Menge und Qualität, die im Januar 1922 zur erfolgreichen Behandlung von Menschen mit Diabetes führte. Aber wie schon bei früheren Jahrestagen wird die posthume Glorifizierung des Forscherpaares Banting und Best auch bei den Hundertjahrfeiern der Einführung der Insulintherapie wieder das Andenken an andere wichtige Beteiligte der Entdeckung des Insulins überstrahlen.
Planning of Plastic Surgery Practice to Say Sayonara
Authors: Saleem Lakshmi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHaving seen the retired life of our professors both in general and plastic surgery and how lonely and isolated they were toward the end of their lives prompted me to discuss the retirement plans. The retirement from active surgical practice is indeed difficult and more so in plastic surgery. I feel that it needs meticulous planning for setting up a successful practice and when to say sayonara, just like treatment planning of any surgical procedure for perfect execution! At the end of M.Ch training, one should analyze oneself about the goal of the professional life and commit oneself to either a solo/group practice as an independent institutional practice or in a corporate set-up or choose a state/central government set-up with some academic position. A successful plastic surgical practice is every plastic surgeon’s dream and it comprises professional and financial successes with a sense of personal achievement. The factors involved in the selection of practice are family obligations—if parents or spouse are in medical profession with an existing establishment—individual talent, willingness to learn newer techniques, and acceptance of help from the other professional colleagues. At the same time, life needs to be balanced between the professional and family commitments without ignoring either of them with a deep social and community responsibility. But what is the correct time to say sayonara? The timing of retirement is difficult to get right, but the basic additional principle that guides one is “Primum non-nocere”—do no harm—to the receiver.
Using precision farming to improve animal welfare
Authors: van Erp-van der Elaine , Rutter S.M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnimal welfare is a multidimensional phenomenon and currently its on-farm assessment requires complex, multidimensional frameworks involving farm audits which are time-consuming, infrequent and expensive. The core principle of precision agriculture is to use sensor technologies to improve the efficiency of resource use by targeting resources to where they give a benefit. Precision livestock farming (PLF) enables farm animal management to move away from the group level to monitoring and managing individual animals. A range of precision livestock monitoring and control technologies have been developed, primarily to improve livestock production efficiency. Examples include using camera systems monitoring the movement of housed broiler chickens to detect problems with feeding systems or disease and leg-mounted accelerometers enabling the detection of the early stages of lameness in dairy cows. These systems are already improving farm animal welfare by, for example, improving the detection of health issues enabling more rapid treatment, or the detection of problems with feeding systems helping to reduce the risk of hunger. Environmental monitoring and control in buildings can improve animal comfort, and automatic milking systems facilitate animal choice and improve human-animal interactions. Although these precision livestock technologies monitor some parameters relevant to farm animal welfare (e.g. feeding, health), none of the systems yet provide the broad, multidimensional integration that is required to give a complete assessment of an animal’s welfare. However, data from PLF sensors could potentially be integrated into automated animal welfare assessment systems, although further research is needed to define and validate this approach.
Stationary Gaussian entanglement between levitated nanoparticles
Authors: Chauhan Anil Kumar , Černotík Ondřej , Filip Radim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Coherent scattering of photons is a novel mechanism of optomechanical coupling for optically levitated nanoparticles promising strong, versatile interactions with light and between nanoparticles. We show that it allows efficient deterministic generation of Gaussian entanglement between two particles in separate tweezers. A combination of red- and blue-detuned tweezers brings a mechanical Bogoliubov mode to its ground state. An additional, dispersively coupled cavity mode can reduce noise in the orthogonal mode, resulting in strong entanglement as quantified by the logarithmic negativity and verifiable with the Duan criterion for realistic experimental parameters. Such an important resource for quantum sensing and quantum simulations is pivotal for current experiments and presents an important step towards optomechanics with multiple particles in the quantum regime.
Inverse-root and inverse-root-exponential potentials: Darboux transformations and elementary Darboux partners
Authors: Schulze-Halberg Axel , Ishkhanyan Artur M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Schrödinger equations for an inverse-root potential and an inverse-root-exponential potential are studied. We derive conditions under which the hypergeometric solutions of the Schrödinger equation degenerate to elementary functions. By means of Darboux transformations we construct new exactly-solvable Schrödinger equations, focusing on bound state solutions and on cases where the transformed potentials are elementary functions.
Mass of a short-range correlated nucleon *
Authors: Wang Rong , Chen Xu-Rong , Wang Tao-Feng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nucleon properties and structure should be modified by short-range correlations (SRC) among nucleons. By analyzing SRC ratio data, we extract the mass of a nucleon in an SRC pair and the expected number of pn-SRC pairs in deuterium, under the assumption that the SRC nucleon mass is universal for different nuclei. The nucleon mass of a two-nucleon SRC pair is

= 852 ± 18 MeV, and the number of pn-SRC pairs in deuterium is

=0.021 ± 0.005. The mass deficit of the strongly overlapping nucleon can be explained by the trace anomaly contribution to the mass in QCD or alternatively by the vacuum energy in the MIT bag model.
Muon flux measurement at China Jinping Underground Laboratory *
Authors: Guo Zi-yi , Bathe-Peters Lars , Chen Shao-min , Chouaki Mourad , Dou Wei , Guo Lei , Hussain Ghulam , Li Jin-jing , Liu Qian , Luo Guang , Luo Wen-tai , Qi Ming , Shao Wen-hui , Tang Jian , Wan Lin-yan , Wang Zhe , Xu Ben-da , Xu Tong , Xu Wei-ran , Yang Yu-zi , Yeh Minfang , Zhao Lin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) is ideal for studying solar, geo-, and supernova neutrinos. A precise measurement of the cosmic-ray background is essential in proceeding with R&D research for these MeV-scale neutrino experiments. Using a 1-ton prototype detector for the Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE), we detected 264 high-energy muon events from a 645.2-day dataset from the first phase of CJPL (CJPL-I), reconstructed their directions, and measured the cosmic-ray muon flux to be

cm

s

. The observed angular distributions indicate the leakage of cosmic-ray muon background and agree with simulation data accounting for Jinping mountain's terrain. A survey of muon fluxes at different laboratory locations, considering both those situated under mountains and those down mine shafts, indicates that the flux at the former is generally a factor of

larger than at the latter, with the same vertical overburden. This study provides a convenient back-of-the-envelope estimation for the muon flux of an underground experiment.
Quantum random number generation using a hexagonal boron nitride single photon emitter
Authors: White Simon J U , Klauck Friederike , Trong Tran Toan , Schmitt Nora , Kianinia Mehran , Steinfurth Andrea , Heinrich Matthias , Toth Milos , Szameit Alexander , Aharonovich Igor , Solntsev Alexander S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Quantum random number generation (QRNG) harnesses the intrinsic randomness of quantum mechanical phenomena. On-chip photonic circuitry provides a robust and versatile platform that can address and explore fundamental questions in quantum as well as classical physics. Likewise, integrated waveguide-based architectures hold the potential for intrinsically scalable, efficient and compact implementations of photonic QRNG. Here, we harness the quantum emission from the two-dimensional material hexagonal boron nitride an emerging atomically thin medium that can generate single photons on demand while operating at room temperature. By means of a customized splitter arrangement, we achieve true random number generation through the measurement of single photons exiting one of four designated output ports, and subsequently verify the randomness of the sequences in accordance with the National Institute of Standards and Technology benchmark suite. Our results clearly demonstrate the viability and efficiency of this approach to on-chip deterministic random number generators.
Plasma activation towards oxidized nanocarbons for efficient electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: CAI Wei , WANG Yan , XIAO Changshan , WU Haobin , YU Xinyao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Oxidized nanocarbons (ONCs) have been regarded as efficient electrocatalysts for H2O2 production. However, wet chemical procedures involving large volumes of strong acid and long synthetic time are usually needed to obtain these ONCs. Herein, a plasma activation strategy is developed as a rapid and environmentally benign approach to obtain various ONCs, including oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes, single-walled carbon nanotube, graphene, and super P carbon black. After a few minutes of plasma activation, oxygen-containing functional groups and defects can be effectively introduced onto the surface of nanocarbons. Enhanced electrocatalytic activity and selectivity are demonstrated by the plasma-ONCs for H2O2 production. Taking oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as an example, high selectivity (up to 95%) and activity (0.75 V at 1 mA cm−2) can be achieved in alkaline solution. Moreover, ex situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ Raman measurements reveal that C–O, C=O, edge defect, and sp2 basal planar defect are probably the active sites.
Investigation of melting rate in welding of IN738 Nickel-based superalloy by Nd:YAG pulsed-laser method
Authors: Taheri Morteza , Halvaee Ayyub , Salemi Golezani Ali , Kashi Ali Akbar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, the effect of different parameters of pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding, including pulse energy, pulse frequency, pulse duration, and welding speed on the melting rate of IN738 Nickel-based superalloy, was investigated. The results of this study were obtained based on the modification of a formula for calculating the melting rate of welding by pulse method (pulse overlap). According to this formula, effective pulse energy (EPE) affected by pulse overlap, has a significant effect on the melting rate. So that by decreasing the amount of EPE (increasing the pulse overlap), the melting rate increases to 67% overlap and then decreases due to the reduction of the heating rate through heat transfer to the base metal. The study of the effect of pulse laser parameters showed that pulse energy, pulse overlap, and pulse duration have the greatest effect on melting rate, respectively.