bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a porcine organ model for training in essential laparoscopic surgical skills
Authors: Higuchi Madoka , Abe Takashige , Hotta Kiyohiko , Morita Ken , Miyata Haruka , Furumido Jun , Iwahara Naoya , Kon Masafumi , Osawa Takahiro , Matsumoto Ryuji , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Kurashima Yo , Murai Sachiyo , Aydin Abdullatif , Raison Nicholas , Ahmed Kamran , Khan Muhammad Shamim , Dasgupta Prokar , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo develop a wet laboratory training model for learning core laparoscopic surgical skills and evaluating learners’ competency level outside the operating room.MethodsParticipants completed three tasks (task 1: tissue dissection around the aorta; task 2: tissue dissection and division of the renal artery; task 3: renal parenchymal closure). Each performance was video recorded and subsequently evaluated by two experts, according to the Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills and task‐specific metrics that we developed (Assessment Sheet of Laparoscopic Skills in Wet Lab score). Mean scores were used for analyses. The subjective mental workload was also assessed (NASA Task Load Index).ResultsThe 54 participants included 32 urologists, eight young trainees and 14 medical students. A total of 13 participants were categorized as experts (≥50 laparoscopic surgeries), eight as intermediates (10–49) and 33 as novices (0–9). There were significant differences in the Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills and Assessment Sheet of Laparoscopic Skills in Wet Lab scores among the three groups in all three tasks. Higher NASA Task Load Index scores were observed in novices, and there were significant differences in tasks 1 (Kruskal–Wallis test, P = 0.0004) and 2 (P = 0.0002), and marginal differences in task 3 (P = 0.0745) among the three groups.ConclusionsOur training model has good construct validity, and differences in the NASA Task Load Index score reflect previous laparoscopic surgical experiences. Our findings show the ability to assess both laparoscopic surgical skills and mental workloads, which could help educators comprehend trainees’ level outside the operating room. Given the decreasing opportunity to carry out pure laparoscopic surgeries because of the dissemination of robotic surgery, especially in urology, our model can offer practical training opportunities.
Industry payments to Australian medical oncologists and clinical haematologists: a cross‐sectional analysis of publicly available disclosures
Authors: Pokorny Adrian M. J. , Bero Lisa A. , Moynihan Raymond , Mintzes Barbara J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPayments to medical oncologists and clinical haematologists can negatively affect prescribing practice, but the extent of payments to these specialists is unknown in Australia.AimsTo analyse the extent of payments from the pharmaceutical industry to Australian cancer physicians as reported during the first collated period of the Disclosure Australia website.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, cross‐sectional analysis of payments made from November 2018 to April 2019, using a file downloaded from the Disclosure Australia website. We checked the names of listed medical practitioners against Medical Board of Australia records to assign specialties. The number of medical oncologists, clinical haematologists, other specialist physicians and non‐specialist physician medical practitioners was calculated, along with the payments to each of these groups.ResultsA total of A$7 332 407 was paid to 2775 medical practitioners. Of these, 236 were medical oncologists, 189 were haematologists and 1145 were other specialist physicians. This represents 31.7% of Australian medical oncologists and 30.9% of Australian haematologists, compared with 11.7% of all other specialist physicians and 1.1% of all other non‐specialist physician medical practitioners. Medical oncologists received significantly higher payments (median A$2131.26) than other specialist physicians (median A$1376.00, 2‐tailed P = 0.004) and other medical practitioners (median A$709.00, 2‐tailed P < 0.001), while haematologists received significantly higher payments (median A$1519.95) than other medical practitioners (2‐tailed P < 0.001), but similar payments to other specialist physicians (2‐tailed P = 0.08).ConclusionsAustralian cancer physicians receive payments at a higher proportional frequency and in greater dollar amounts than other specialist physicians and other medical practitioners in general.
A Review of Multi‐Compartment Infectious Disease Models
Authors: Tang Lu , Zhou Yiwang , Wang Lili , Purkayastha Soumik , Zhang Leyao , He Jie , Wang Fei , Song Peter X.‐K. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryMulti‐compartment models have been playing a central role in modelling infectious disease dynamics since the early 20th century. They are a class of mathematical models widely used for describing the mechanism of an evolving epidemic. Integrated with certain sampling schemes, such mechanistic models can be applied to analyse public health surveillance data, such as assessing the effectiveness of preventive measures (e.g. social distancing and quarantine) and forecasting disease spread patterns. This review begins with a nationwide macromechanistic model and related statistical analyses, including model specification, estimation, inference and prediction. Then, it presents a community‐level micromodel that enables high‐resolution analyses of regional surveillance data to provide current and future risk information useful for local government and residents to make decisions on reopenings of local business and personal travels. r software and scripts are provided whenever appropriate to illustrate the numerical detail of algorithms and calculations. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic surveillance data from the state of Michigan are used for the illustration throughout this paper.
Complex impedance spectra of polymer‐derived SiC annealed at ultrahigh temperature
Authors: Jia Yujun , Chowdhury Md Atiqur Rahman , Xu Chengying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study reports the complex impedance and alternative current conductivity of polymer‐derived ceramic SiC (PDC‐SiC) annealed at ultrahigh temperatures. The PDC‐SiC shows an inductive response when annealed at temperatures of 1700°C‐1900°C due to the percolation of turbostratic carbon. The material returns to a capacitive response at an annealing temperature of 2000°C due to the dissolution of carbon into the SiC lattice. The electrical resistance of the carbon phase decreases with the increase in annealing temperature. These results provide new insights into the effects of processing temperature on microstructure evolution and electrical and dielectric property development of the PDC‐SiC ceramic system.
Enhancing design thinking in instructional technology students
Authors: Novak Elena , Mulvey Bridget K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is growing demand in our society to cultivate creativity and foster innovation. Design thinking has been successfully practiced as an educational framework for supporting innovation in educational and work contexts. However, research on design thinking education that facilitates the acquisition of knowledge related to design process and practices is extremely limited, particularly in educational contexts. This pre‐/posttest mixed methods study examined blogging as an instructional approach for supporting design thinking education in an online instructional technology course. An analysis of quantitative and qualitative data revealed an improvement in students’ design thinking skills after participating in the course. Students were more comfortable using design practices and processes than their creative abilities. Blogging about design thinking opened the potential for active knowledge construction about design thinking and reflection about personal design practices. However, it also hindered participation of students who were less comfortable with narrative meaning‐making afforded through blogging or sharing their ideas on open networks such as blogs.
SRXN1 stimulates hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis and metastasis through modulating ROS/p65/BTG2 signalling
Authors: Lv Xiufang , Yu Hailing , Zhang Qianqian , Huang Yongquan , Hong Xiaopeng , Yu Ting , Lan Huimin , Mei Chaoming , Zhang Wenkai , Luo Hui , Pang Pengfei , Shan Hong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSulfiredoxin 1 (SRXN1) is a pivotal regulator of the antioxidant response in eukaryotic cells. However, the role of SRXN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is far from clear. The present study aims to elucidate whether SRXN1 participates in tumorigenesis and metastasis of HCC and to determine the molecular mechanisms. We found that SRXN1 expression was up‐regulated in HCC tissue samples and correlated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. We also observed that SRXN1 knockdown by transient siRNA transfection inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Overexpression of SRXN1 increased HCC cell migration and invasion. B‐cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) was identified as a downstream target of SRXN1. Mechanistic studies revealed that SRXN1‐depleted reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulated migration and invasion of HCC cells. In addition, the ROS/p65/BTG2 signalling hub was found to regulate the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), which mediates the pro‐metastasis role of SRXN1 in HCC cells. In vivo experiments showed SRXN1 promotes HCC tumour growth and metastasis in mouse subcutaneous xenograft and metastasis models. Collectively, our results revealed a novel pro‐tumorigenic and pro‐metastatic function of SRXN1 in HCC. These findings demonstrate a rationale to exploit SRXN1 as a therapeutic target effectively preventing metastasis of HCC.
Integrative taxonomy identifies a new stingray species of the genus Hypanus Rafinesque, 1818 (Dasyatidae, Myliobatiformes), from the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Petean Flávia F. , Naylor Gavin J. P. , Lima Sergio M. Q. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn integrative approach by the congruence of genetics, morphology and ecological niche modelling (ENM) was used to delimit a new species of Hypanus (Rafinesque, 1818), a recently resurrected genus of marine stingrays comprising eight species, five of which occur in the western Atlantic. The species with the widest distribution, Hypanus americanus (Hildebrand and Schroeder, 1928), from the northeastern coast of the United States to southeastern Brazil, was demonstrated to be paraphyletic based on protein‐coding mitochondrial genome analyses. This data set also indicates that the genetic distance between the new species Hypanus berthalutzae sp. nov. and its three closely related species (H. americanus, H. longus and H. rudis) varies from 0.82% to 3.14%. In addition, Bayesian Analysis of Population Similarity using the mitochondrial gene mt‐nd2 supports the separation of H. berthalutzae sp. nov. (southwestern Atlantic) from its sister species H. rudis (eastern Atlantic). Similarly, morphological and morphometric analyses corroborated four morphotypes within the H. americanus species group and indicated the ventral caudal fold height and length and interspiracular and interorbital lengths as useful measurements to distinguish among them. Claspers of adult males also exhibit morphological differences among species. The ENM agreed with molecular and morphological analyses and delimits the distribution of H. berthalutzae sp. nov. to shallow areas close to shore along the Brazilian coast, from the mouth of the Amazon River to São Paulo State, including the northeastern oceanic islands, suggesting that the great outflow of fresh water and sediments and the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge might act as barriers. The integration of these data to describe a new species provides information relevant to their conservation status, because all species of the H. americanus species group are under the “data‐deficient” status.
Family‐based social capital of emerging adults with and without mild intellectual disability
Authors: Giesbers S. A. H. , Hendriks A. H. C. , Hastings R. P. , Jahoda A. , Tournier T. , Embregts P. J. C. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundFamily is recognised as an important context for the self‐development of young adults in emerging adulthood, although very little research has addressed the perspective of young people with intellectual disability about their families by using self‐report. This study examined how emerging adults with mild intellectual disability define their family support networks, compared with definitions of students without intellectual disability, within a social capital theoretical framework.MethodsFifty‐three participants with mild intellectual disability and 53 students without intellectual disability were interviewed individually using the Family Network Method – Intellectual Disability (FNM‐ID). Data from the FNM‐ID relate to key social network measures on how individuals define their family groups, and how they perceive existing supportive relationships within their families. Participants with mild intellectual disability and students were compared on the FNM‐ID social network measures.ResultsParticipants with mild intellectual disability reported fewer family members who they considered significant to them than students without intellectual disability. They were less likely to include peers (i.e. friends and partners) and siblings in their significant family networks, had fewer relationships with family members in which they received or gave support, had fewer reciprocal support relationships and had a less central position in their family network.DiscussionThe family‐based social capital of emerging adults with mild intellectual disability differed from that of students without intellectual disability. They may remain more dependent on their natural family for emotional support as their supportive networks have not necessarily made the transition to networks with emotionally close peer relationships.
Maternal risk score for the prediction of fetal inflammatory response syndrome after preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Nakahara Mariko , Goto Shunji , Kato Eiji , Nojiri Shuko , Itakura Atsuo , Takeda Satoru 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimPreterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is common in preterm births. Fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) is present in nearly 50% of PPROM cases. We created a risk score to predict FIRS using maternal factors after PPROM.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of singleton pregnancies complicated by PPROM that resulted in delivery at 23–35 weeks of gestation. Antepartum maternal factors and umbilical cord blood interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) data were analyzed. FIRS was defined as IL‐6 > 11 pg/mL.ResultsUmbilical cord blood IL‐6 and maternal blood data within 24 h before parturition were available for 158 cases; 66 were diagnosed with FIRS (41.8%; median IL‐6, 57.55 pg/mL). We created a risk score (FIRS score) comprising expected delivery weeks (≤30 weeks), maternal C‐reactive protein (≥1.2 mg/dL), maternal white blood cell count (≥13 000/μL), corticosteroid use (none) and PROM latency period (≥3 days) from the multivariate logistic regression model predicting FIRS. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the score produced the following results: area under the curve, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76–0.89; cut‐off value, 7.5; sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 63%; positive predictive value, 63% and negative predictive value, 89%. The probability of FIRS according to the categories of the FIRS score was 11% for those with a score of 0–7, 50% for a score of 8–15, and 88% for a score of 16–22.ConclusionThe devised maternal risk score could predict FIRS and be helpful to decide the delivery timing for the cases of PPROM.
The association between Epstein‐Barr virus and oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ashraf Sajna , Al‐Maweri Sadeq A. , Alaizari Nader , Umair Ayesha , Ariffin Zaihan , Alhajj Mohammed N. , Kassim Saba , Awan Kamran Habib 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundOral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common inflammatory disease, with unclear etiology. A number of studies have linked Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) with OLP. The present systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the available evidence regarding the potential association between EBV and OLP.MethodsOnline databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar) were searched from date of inception till May 2020. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: 1) observational studies that assessed the relationship between EBV and OLP, 2) the study comprised OLP patients and control subjects, 3) diagnosis of OLP was confirmed histopathologically, and 4) articles were in English. Studies without control groups, experimental studies, case reports, and reviews were excluded. The fixed‐effects model was performed for meta‐analyses using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 10 studies comprising 386 OLP cases and 304 controls were included. Of these, only 8 studies were eligible for the meta‐analysis. The results of the quality assessment showed that only 2 studies were of high quality, while the remaining studies were of moderate quality. The results of the pooled eight studies revealed a significant positive association between EBV and OLP (OR = 4.41, 95% CI: [2.74, 7.11], P < .0001).ConclusionThe results of the present systematic review suggest that EBV infection is statistically associated with increased risk of OLP. However, these results are preliminary, and high‐quality, large‐scale studies are warranted to further explore the potential role of EBV in the pathogenesis of OLP.
Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in minor salivary gland tissues of patients with oral lichen planus: A case‐control study
Authors: Agha‐Hosseini Farzaneh , Moosavi Mahdieh‐Sadat , Mirzaii‐Dizgah Iraj , Samami Mohammad 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundOral lichen planus (OLP) is a common, chronic immunological and inflammatory condition. Many of the OLP patients complain of xerostomia. The M3 muscarinic cholinergic receptors (MR3) are the main receptors in the salivary glands responsible for water secretion into the saliva. This study aimed to assess the level of M3 muscarinic cholinergic receptors in minor salivary glands of OLP patients.MethodsThis case‐control cross‐sectional study evaluated 40 OLP patients and 22 controls. All participants completed two questionnaires (xerostomia and xerostomia inventory). Stimulated and unstimulated saliva samples were collected. The saliva flow rate was calculated by dividing the saliva volume (in milliliters) by time (in minutes). Six minor salivary glands were also surgically removed from the lower lip of patients and controls, and weighed using a digital scale with 10−4 g accuracy. They were then frozen at −80°C, and the level of M3 receptors of the glands was determined using the ELISA kit.ResultsThe unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rate was significantly lower in OLP patients. The xerostomia inventory score was significantly higher in the OLP group. The level of M3 muscarinic receptors in minor salivary glands of OLP patients was significantly higher than that in controls.ConclusionsIt may be concluded that the reduction in saliva flow significantly increases the number of M3 receptors in an attempt to compensate for this shortage and prevent xerostomia (compensatory upregulation).
Concussion‐Related Health Care Utilization Among Medicaid Insured Children in Ohio: Rural and Urban Differences
Authors: Sullivan Lindsay , Newton Alison , Shi Junxin , Chang Teng‐Jen , Yang Jingzhen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe current study examines rural‐urban differences in trends in rates and type of concussion‐related health care utilization over time from 2008 to 2016 among Medicaid insured children in Ohio.MethodsWe analyzed Medicaid claims for health care utilization for diagnosed concussions among children aged ≤18 years between April 1, 2008, and December 31, 2016. We compared the trends in rates of concussion‐related health care utilization between children who lived in rural and urban areas using Poisson regressions. We examined trends in the type of concussion‐related health care utilization by location of residence using linear regressions.FindingsWe found a significant increase in health care utilization for concussion over time, with rates of treated concussion consistently higher in rural children compared to urban children (P < .0001) throughout the study period. Although initial care at the Emergency Department (ED) remained the most common type of initial concussion‐related health care utilization for rural children throughout the study period, the most common type of initial care sought by urban children shifted over time from the ED to primary care providers (PCPs). For both rural and urban children, PCPs remained the most common type of follow‐up care sought throughout the study period, with no significant rural‐urban differences in the trends of follow‐up care sought through PCPs over time.ConclusionsWe observed significant rural‐urban differences in the trends in rates and types of concussion‐related health care utilization over time from 2008 to 2016. Future studies are needed to further our understanding of the effect of these observed rural‐urban differences on concussion recovery.
Global patterns of population genetic differentiation in seed plants
Authors: Gamba Diana , Muchhala Nathan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEvaluating the factors that drive patterns of population differentiation in plants is critical for understanding several biological processes such as local adaptation and incipient speciation. Previous studies have given conflicting results regarding the significance of pollination mode, seed dispersal mode, mating system, growth form and latitudinal region in shaping patterns of genetic structure, as estimated by FST values, and no study to date has tested their relative importance together across a broad scale. Here, we assembled a 337‐species data set for seed plants from publications with data on FST from nuclear markers and species traits, including variables pertaining to the sampling scheme of each study. We used species traits, while accounting for sampling variables, to perform phylogenetic multiple regressions. Results demonstrated that FST values were higher for tropical, mixed‐mating, non‐woody species pollinated by small insects, indicating greater population differentiation, and lower for temperate, outcrossing trees pollinated by wind. Among the factors we tested, latitudinal region explained the largest portion of variance, followed by pollination mode, mating system and growth form, while seed dispersal mode did not significantly relate to FST. Our analyses provide the most robust and comprehensive evaluation to date of the main ecological factors predicted to drive population differentiation in seed plants, with important implications for understanding the basis of their genetic divergence. Our study supports previous findings showing greater population differentiation in tropical regions and is the first that we are aware of to robustly demonstrate greater population differentiation in species pollinated by small insects.