bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culturally adapted trauma-focused CBT-based guided self-help (CatCBT GSH) for female victims of domestic violence in Pakistan: feasibility randomized controlled trial
Authors: Latif Madeeha , Husain M. Ishrat , Gul Mirrat , Naz Saiqa , Irfan Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad , Awan Falahat , Sharif Ayesha , Rathod Shanaya , Farooq Saeed , Ayub Muhammad , Naeem Farooq 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground:Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), self-help and guided self-help interventions have been found to be efficacious and cost effective for victims of trauma, but there are limited data from low- and middle-income countries on culturally adapted interventions for trauma.Aims:To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of culturally adapted trauma-focused CBT-based guided self-help (CatCBT GSH) for female victims of domestic violence in Pakistan.Method:This randomized controlled trial (RCT) recruited 50 participants from shelter homes in Karachi and randomized them to two equal groups. The intervention group received GSH in nine sessions over 12 weeks. The control group was a waitlist control. The primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability. Secondary outcomes included Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2 (WHO DAS 2). Assessments were carried out at baseline and at 12 weeks.Results:Out of 60 clients who metDSM-5criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 56 (93.3%) agreed to participate in the study. Retention to the intervention group was excellent, with 92% (23/25) attending more than six sessions. Statistically significant differences were noted post-intervention in secondary outcomes in favour of the intervention.Conclusions:A trial of CatCBT GSH was feasible and the intervention was acceptable to Pakistani women who had experienced domestic violence. Furthermore, it may be helpful in improving symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety and overall functioning in this population. The results provide a rationale for a larger, confirmatory RCT of CatCBT GSH.
The effects of self-critical rumination on shame and stress: an experimental study
Authors: Milia Christy , Kolubinski Daniel C. , Spada Marcantonio M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground:Self-critical rumination is the process of repetitively thinking about one’s past instances of failure without actively problem-solving. Shame has a central role within self-critical rumination and is accompanied by physiological changes that resemble stress responses.Aims:To experimentally investigate the effects of self-critical rumination on shame and stress following perceived failure.Method:Sixty volunteers engaged in an impossible task that resulted in guaranteed failure. Four groups, combining presence or absence of induced self-critical rumination with high or low performance expectations, were created. Self-reports were used to measure levels of shame and stress at baseline immediately after the task, as well as following a debrief on the real purpose of the study.Results:Participants experiencing self-critical rumination accompanied by high performance expectations reported higher levels of shame and stress, especially immediately following the impossible task. On average, members of the high-expectations groups tended to score higher on shame and stress scales. Reported levels of trait self-critical rumination were also significantly correlated with levels of shame and stress across time when controlling for group membership and baseline stress and shame, respectively.Conclusions:Self-critical rumination in highly evaluative circumstances increased levels of shame and stress following perceived failure. Even though highly evaluative conditions are considered a particularly strong predictor of shame and stress, they could potentially result in self-critical rumination; this matter needs to be addressed in future research.
Differences in the prevalence of prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes and diagnosed diabetes and associated factors in cohorts of Brazilian and English older adults
Authors: dos Santos Eilane Souza Marques , Máximo Roberta de Oliveira , de Andrade Fabíola Bof , de Oliveira Cesar , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda , Alexandre Tiago da Silva 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To analyse differences in the prevalence of prediabetes (PD), undiagnosed diabetes (UDD) and diagnosed diabetes (DD) and associated factors between Brazilian and English older adults.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:England and Brazil.Participants:5301 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing study and 1947 participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging study classified as non-diabetics, PD, UDD and DD.Results:The prevalence of PD, UDD and DD was 48·6, 3 and 9·6 % in England and 33, 6 and 20 % in Brazil. In England, the increase in age, non-white skin colour, smoking, general obesity and abdominal obesity were associated with PD, UDD and DD, whereas hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL levels, hypertension and stroke were associated with UDD and DD. In Brazil, the increase in age was associated with DD and UDD, non-white skin colour and smoking were associated with UDD and abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridaemia were associated with all three conditions. CVD in England and schooling in Brazil were associated with PD and DD. A sedentary lifestyle was associated with DD in both samples.Conclusions:The prevalence of diabetes was higher in the Brazilian sample. Different associated factors were found in the two samples, which may be related to differences in nutritional transition, access to healthcare services and the use of such services.
Trends in the national food supply of absorbable zinc in Ethiopia: 1990–2017
Authors: Gebremedhin Samson 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:This study analysed trends (1990–2017) in the availability of absorbable Zn in the national food supply of Ethiopia.Design:The supply statistics of ninety-five food groups were obtained from the Ethiopian Food Balance Sheets compiled by FAO. Zn and phytate contents were determined using multiple composition databases and absorbable Zn estimated via the ‘Miller’ equation. Estimated average requirement cut-point method was performed to estimate proportions at risk of inadequate intake. Physiological Zn requirements set by Institute of Medicine (IOM) and International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG) were applied. Time trend was tested using Mann–Kendall statistics and Z-score and P-values are provided.Setting:Ethiopia.Participants:NA.Results:Between 1990 and 2017, the supply of total dietary Zn was increased by 33 % from 9·8 to 13·0 mg/person/d (Z = 6·46, P < 0·001). However, that of absorbable Zn remained constant around 2·7 mg/person/d (Z = 1·87, P > 0·05). Over the period, the phytate supply was increased by 48 % from 1415 to 2095 mg/person/d (Z = 6·50, P < 0·001) and fractional Zn absorption declined from 27·0 to 20·9 % (Z = –6·62, P < 0·001). The contribution of animal source foods for bioavailable Zn was reduced by 45 % and the share of cereals raised by 11·3 %. Over the period, prevalence of inadequate Zn intake estimated using IZiNCG and IOM requirements remained constant around 10 and 50 %, respectively.Conclusion:Between 1990 and 2017, Ethiopia considerably increased the total supply of Zn; however, meaningful changes in bioavailable Zn and prevalence of deficiency were not observed due to proportional rise in phytate and concomitant decline in Zn absorption.
Development and implementation of a community health centre-based cooking skills intervention in Detroit, MI
Authors: Garcia Travertine , Ford Betsy , Pike Denise , Bryce Richard , Richardson Caroline , Wolfson Julia A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To develop and implement a community-tailored, food agency-based cooking programme at a community health centre (CHC) and evaluate the effect of the intervention on cooking confidence and food waste.Design:This study used an exploratory, sequential mixed methods design. Focus groups (n 38) were conducted to inform the development of a cooking intervention, then six cooking classes (n 45) were planned and piloted in the health centre’s teaching kitchen. Changes in cooking confidence and related outcomes were assessed using pre- and post-class surveys. Follow-up interviews (n 12) were conducted 2–4 months post-intervention to assess satisfaction and short-term outcomes.Setting:A CHC in Detroit, MI.Participants:Spanish- and English-speaking adults aged ≥18 years recruited at the CHC.Results:In the formative focus groups, patients identified multiple barriers to cooking healthy meals, including trade-offs between quality, cost and convenience of food, chronic disease management and lack of time and interest. Each cooking class introduced a variety of cooking techniques and food preservation strategies. Participants demonstrated increased confidence in cooking (P 0·004), experimenting with new ingredients (P 0·006) and knowing how to make use of food before it goes bad (P 0·017). In post-class interviews, participants reported that they valued the social interaction and participatory format and that they had used the recipes and cooking techniques at home.Conclusions:A community-tailored, hands-on cooking class was an effective way to engage patients at a CHC and resulted in increased cooking confidence.
Compact multimode-resonator multiplexer with wide upper-stopband and high isolation
Authors: Song Kaijun , Luo Mou , Zhong Cuilin , Chen Yuxuan , Zhou Yedi , Xia Fei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA miniaturized high-isolation quadplexer with wide upper-stopband based on open and short stub-loaded multimode-resonator is proposed in this paper. Based on the theory of multimode-resonator and stepped impedance resonator (SIR), the compact quadplexer is designed by using multimode-resonator and SIR. In order to further miniaturize the size of the circuit, the multimode resonator is employed as the common resonator to replace the common matching network of the quadplexer and the SIRs are curved. Equivalent topology circuit is given to analyze and design the quadplexer. Detailed analyses are given according to the equivalent circuits. The proposed compact quadplexer working at central frequencies of 1.8, 2.4, 2.8, and 3.5 GHz with over 40 dB isolation is finally simulated, fabricated, and measured. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones. The total size of the fabricated quadplexer is 0.36 λg × 0.42 λg.
Gestational diabetes mellitus prediction? A unique fatty acid profile study
Authors: Ogundipe Enitan , Samuelson Saidee , Crawford Michael A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
To elucidate whether women at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a unique fatty acid profile compared to women considered normal healthy controls (NHC).

Methods
Three hundred pregnant women were randomized to a control group (NHC) (n = 50) and to one of three high risk groups (n = 250), one of which was GDM (n = 50). At recruitment participants’ booking bloods were taken and analyzed for lipid profiles. The GDM group’s fatty acid profile is reported here.

Results
GDM women compared to NHC had elevated levels of omega 6 (n-6) fatty acids compared to omega 3 (n-3) fatty acids (p = 0.01), of linoleic acid (LA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) p = 0.001, sequentially distorted levels of n-6 fatty acids LA and arachidonic acid (ArA) p = 0.035, as well as significantly depressed levels of n-3 DHA (p = 0.01).

Conclusion
This paper shows that GDM women have a unique fatty acid profile with elevated levels of n-6 fats, depressed levels of n-3 fats and an abnormal pattern of sequential n-6 metabolism. This profile probably results from a combination of factors including underexpression and or poor utilization of desaturase enzymes, suboptimal dietary fatty acids intake, poor micronutrient status or dysbiosis of the microbiome. These results help inform development of a clinical predictive tool.
Breastfeeding and maternal eating behaviours are associated with child eating behaviours: findings from the ROLO Kids Study
Authors: Yelverton Cara A. , Geraghty Aisling A. , O’Brien Eileen C. , Killeen Sarah Louise , Horan Mary K. , Donnelly Jean M. , Larkin Elizabeth , Mehegan John , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundChild eating behaviours can negatively contribute to the development of childhood obesity. This study investigated associations between breastfeeding habits, maternal eating behaviours and child eating behaviours, in 5-year-old children.MethodsSecundigravida women were recruited to the ROLO dietary randomised controlled trial (Dublin, Ireland) and were followed up with their children to 5 years of age. Breastfeeding exposure and duration were obtained at postnatal and infant follow-up at 2 and 6 months and 2 and 5 years. At 5 years, maternal and child eating behaviours were measured using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire and the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, respectively. Regression determined associations between breastfeeding habits and maternal eating behaviours with child eating behaviours, controlling for RCT group, maternal education level, maternal BMI at 5 years, childcare exposure and child BMI centile at 5-year follow-up.ResultsThere were 230 mother and child pairs analysed. One hundred and fifty-eight mothers had initiated breastfeeding. Median breastfeeding duration was 22 (IQR 33) weeks. Children who were never breastfed were more likely to express a desire to drink (B = −1.01,p = 0.022). Longer breastfeeding duration was associated with lower food responsiveness (B = −1.71,p = 0.003). Maternal uncontrolled eating was positively associated with child food responsiveness, emotional overeating and emotional undereating (B = 0.21,p < 0.001;B = 0.14,p = 0.005;B = 0.14,p = 0.005, respectively). Maternal emotional eating was associated with child emotional overeating and undereating (B = 0.27,p < 0.001,B = 0.29,p = 0.004, respectively).ConclusionNot breastfeeding and short breastfeeding duration may contribute to the development of obesogenic eating behaviours in children, alongside maternal eating behaviours including uncontrolled and emotional eating. These ‘food approach’ eating behaviours may increase risk of overweight/obesity as they are associated with increased energy intake, hence the importance of research surrounding eating behaviours.
Enhancement of trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a with engineered crRNA enables amplified nucleic acid detection
Authors: Nguyen Long T. , Smith Brianna M. , Jain Piyush K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe CRISPR-Cas12a RNA-guided complexes have tremendous potential for nucleic acid detection but are limited to the picomolar detection limit without an amplification step. Here, we develop a platform with engineered crRNAs and optimized conditions that enabled us to detect various clinically relevant nucleic acid targets with higher sensitivity, achieving a limit of detection in the femtomolar range without any target pre-amplification step. By extending the 3′- or 5′-ends of the crRNA with different lengths of ssDNA, ssRNA, and phosphorothioate ssDNA, we discover a self-catalytic behavior and an augmented rate of LbCas12a-mediated collateral cleavage activity as high as 3.5-fold compared to the wild-type crRNA and with significant improvement in specificity for target recognition. Particularly, the 7-mer DNA extension to crRNA is determined to be universal and spacer-independent for enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of LbCas12a-mediated nucleic acid detection. We perform a detailed characterization of our engineered ENHANCE system with various crRNA modifications, target types, reporters, and divalent cations. With isothermal amplification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using RT-LAMP, the modified crRNAs are incorporated in a paper-based lateral flow assay that can detect the target with up to 23-fold higher sensitivity within 40–60 min.
Polariton condensation and surface enhanced Raman in spherical ZnO microcrystals
Authors: Volkov Victor V. , Oliver Daniel J. , Perry Carole C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPreparation and characterization of polariton Bose–Einstein condensates in micro-cavities of high quality are at the frontier of contemporary solid state physics. Here, we report on three-dimensional polariton condensation and confinement in pseudo-spherical ZnO microcrystals. The boundary of micro-spherical ZnO resembles a stable cavity that enables sufficient coupling of radiation with material response. Exciting under tight focusing at the low frequency side of the bandgap, we detect efficiency and spectral nonlinear dependencies, as well as signatures of spatial delocalization of the excited states which are characteristics of dynamics in polariton droplets. Expansion of the photon component of the condensate boosts the leaky field beyond the boundary of the ZnO microcrystals. Using this, we observe surface polariton field enhanced Raman responses at the interface of ZnO microspheres. The results demonstrate how readily available spherical semiconductor microstructures facilitate engineering of polariton based electronic states and sensing elements for diagnostics at interfaces.
Structure of the TFIIIC subcomplex τA provides insights into RNA polymerase III pre-initiation complex formation
Authors: Vorländer Matthias K. , Jungblut Anna , Karius Kai , Baudin Florence , Grötsch Helga , Kosinski Jan , Müller Christoph W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTranscription factor (TF) IIIC is a conserved eukaryotic six-subunit protein complex with dual function. It serves as a general TF for most RNA polymerase (Pol) III genes by recruiting TFIIIB, but it is also involved in chromatin organization and regulation of Pol II genes through interaction with CTCF and condensin II. Here, we report the structure of the S. cerevisiae TFIIIC subcomplex τA, which contains the most conserved subunits of TFIIIC and is responsible for recruitment of TFIIIB and transcription start site (TSS) selection at Pol III genes. We show that τA binding to its promoter is auto-inhibited by a disordered acidic tail of subunit τ95. We further provide a negative-stain reconstruction of τA bound to the TFIIIB subunits Brf1 and TBP. This shows that a ruler element in τA achieves positioning of TFIIIB upstream of the TSS, and suggests remodeling of the complex during assembly of TFIIIB by TFIIIC.
Simultaneous TALEN-mediated knockout of chrysanthemum DMC1 genes confers male and female sterility
Authors: Shinoyama Harue , Ichikawa Hiroaki , Nishizawa-Yokoi Ayako , Skaptsov Mikhail , Toki Seiichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGenome editing has become one of the key technologies for plant breeding. However, in polyploid species such as chrysanthemum, knockout of all loci of multiple genes is needed to eliminate functional redundancies. We identified six cDNAs for the CmDMC1 genes involved in meiotic homologous recombination in chrysanthemum. Since all six cDNAs harbored a homologous core region, simultaneous knockout via TALEN-mediated genome editing should be possible. We isolated the CmDMC1 loci corresponding to the six cDNAs and constructed a TALEN-expression vector bearing a CmDMC1 target site containing the homologous core region. After transforming two chrysanthemum cultivars with the TALEN-expression vector, seven lines exhibited disruption of all six CmDMC1 loci at the target site as well as stable male and female sterility at 10–30 °C. This strategy to produce completely sterile plants could be widely applicable to prevent the risk of transgene flow from transgenic plants to their wild relatives.
Statistical modeling and optimization of heterogeneous Fenton-like removal of organic pollutant using fibrous catalysts: a full factorial design
Authors: Morshed Mohammad Neaz , Pervez Md. Nahid , Behary Nemeshwaree , Bouazizi Nabil , Guan Jinping , Nierstrasz Vincent A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work focuses on the optimization of heterogeneous Fenton-like removal of organic pollutant (dye) from water using newly developed fibrous catalysts based on a full factorial experimental design. This study aims to approximate the feasibility of heterogeneous Fenton-like removal process and optionally make predictions from this approximation in a form of statistical modeling. The fibrous catalysts were prepared by dispersing zerovalent iron nanoparticles on polyester fabrics (PET) before and after incorporation of either polyamidoamine (PAMAM, –NH2) dendrimer, 3-(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES, –Si–NH2) or thioglycerol (SH). The individual effect of two main factors [pH (X1) and concentration of hydrogen peroxide-[H2O2]μl (X2)] and their interactional effects on the removal process was determined at 95% confidence level by an L27 design. The results indicated that increasing the pH over 5 decreases the dye removal efficiency whereas the rise in [H2O2]μl until equilibrium point increases it. The principal effect of the type of catalysts (PET–NH2–Fe, PET–Si–NH2–Fe, and PET–SH–Fe) did not show any statistical significance. The factorial experiments demonstrated the existence of a significant synergistic interaction effect between the pH and [H2O2]μl as expressed by the values of the coefficient of interactions and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Finally, the functionalization of the resultant fibrous catalysts was validated by electrokinetic and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The optimization made from this study are of great importance for rational design and scaling up of fibrous catalyst for green chemistry and environmental applications.
Oblique collision of ion acoustic solitons in a relativistic degenerate plasma
Authors: El-Labany S. K. , El-Taibany W. F. , Behery E. E. , Abd-Elbaki Rami 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe interaction (oblique collision) of two ion acoustic solitons (IASs) in a magnetized relativistic degenerate plasma with relativistic degenerate electrons and non-degenerate cold ions is studied. The extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo (PLK) method is used to obtain two Korteweg deVries (KdV) wave equations that describe the interacting IASs, then the phase shifts due to interaction are calculated. We studied influence of the fluid number density on the interaction process, interacting solitons phase shifts and also phase velocities. The introduced model is valid for astrophysical objects with high density matter such as white dwarfs, neutron stars, degenerate electrons gas in metals and laboratory degenerate plasma. An inverse proportionality between the phase shifts, phase velocity and the equilibrium electron fluid number density $$n_{eo}$$

n

eo

was established in the range $$10^{35}\,{\text {m}}^{-3}>n_{eo}>10^{38}\,{\text {m}}^{-3}$$

10
35

m

-
3

>

n

eo

>

10
38

m

-
3

. We found that the soliton waves get sharper (narrower) and higher with increasing the electrons fluid number density $$n_{eo}$$

n

eo

, and hence less spacial occupying. The phase shifts and the phase velocity remain approximately unchanged in the range of $$10^{35}\,{\text {m}}^{-3}<n_{eo}<10^{38}\,{\text {m}}^{-3}$$

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35

m

-
3

<

n

eo

<

10
38

m

-
3

. The impact of the obliqueness angle $$\theta $$
θ
on the soliton interaction process is also studied.