bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selecting for lactic acid producing and utilising bacteria in anaerobic enrichment cultures
Authors: Rombouts Julius Laurens , Kranendonk Elsemiek Madeleine Maria , Regueira Alberte , Weissbrodt David Gregory , Kleerebezem Robbert , van Loosdrecht Mark Cornelis Maria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLactic acid‐producing bacteria are important in many fermentations, such as the production of biobased plastics. Insight in the competitive advantage of lactic acid bacteria over other fermentative bacteria in a mixed culture enables ecology‐based process design and can aid the development of sustainable and energy‐efficient bioprocesses. Here we demonstrate the enrichment of lactic acid bacteria in a controlled sequencing batch bioreactor environment using a glucose‐based medium supplemented with peptides and B vitamins. A mineral medium enrichment operated in parallel was dominated by Ethanoligenens species and fermented glucose to acetate, butyrate and hydrogen. The complex medium enrichment was populated by Lactococcus, Lactobacillus and Megasphaera species and showed a product spectrum of acetate, ethanol, propionate, butyrate and valerate. An intermediate peak of lactate was observed, showing the simultaneous production and consumption of lactate, which is of concern for lactic acid production purposes. This study underlines that the competitive advantage for lactic acid‐producing bacteria primarily lies in their ability to attain a high biomass specific uptake rate of glucose, which was two times higher for the complex medium enrichment when compared to the mineral medium enrichment. The competitive advantage of lactic acid production in rich media can be explained using a resource allocation theory for microbial growth processes.
Characterization of methanol utilization negative Pichia pastoris for secreted protein production: New cultivation strategies for current and future applications
Authors: Zavec Domen , Gasser Brigitte , Mattanovich Diethard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe methanol utilization (Mut) phenotype in the yeast Pichia pastoris (syn. Komagataella spp.) is defined by the deletion of the genes AOX1 and AOX2. The Mut− phenotype cannot grow on methanol as a single carbon source. We assessed the Mut− phenotype for secreted recombinant protein production. The methanol inducible AOX1 promoter (PAOX1) was active in the Mut− phenotype and showed adequate eGFP fluorescence levels and protein yields (YP/X) in small‐scale screenings. Different bioreactor cultivation scenarios with methanol excess concentrations were tested using PAOX1HSA and PAOX1vHH expression constructs. Scenario B comprising a glucose‐methanol phase and a 72‐hr‐long methanol only phase was the best performing, producing 531 mg/L HSA and 1631 mg/L vHH. 61% of the HSA was produced in the methanol only phase where no biomass growth was observed, representing a special case of growth independent production. By using the Mut− phenotype, the oxygen demand, heat output, and specific methanol uptake (qmethanol) in the methanol phase were reduced by more than 80% compared with the MutS phenotype. The highlighted improved process parameters coupled with growth independent protein production are overlooked benefits of the Mut− strain for current and future applications in the field of recombinant protein production.
Multiplexed clonality verification of cell lines for protein biologic production
Authors: O'Brien Sofie A. , Ojha Juhi , Wu Paul , Hu Wei‐Shou 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDuring the development of cell lines for therapeutic protein production, a vector harboring a product transgene is integrated into the genome. To ensure production stability and consistent product quality, single‐cell cloning is then performed. Since cells derived from the same parental clone have the same transgene integration locus, the identity of the integration site can also be used to verify the clonality of a production cell line. In this study, we present a high‐throughput pipeline for clonality verification through integration site analysis. Sequence capture of genomic fragments that contain both vector and host cell genome sequences was used followed by next‐generation sequencing to sequence the relevant vector‐genome junctions. A Python algorithm was then developed for integration site identification and validated using a cell line with known integration sites. Using this system, we identified the integration sites of the host vector for 31 clonal cell lines from five independent vector integration events while using one set of probes against common features of the host vector for transgene integration. Cell lines from the same lineage had common integration sites, and they were distinct from unrelated cell lines. The integration sites obtained for each clone as part of the analysis may also be used for clone selection, as the sites can have a profound effect on the transgene's transcript level and the stability of the resulting cell line. This method thus provides a rapid system for integration site identification and clonality verification.
The road to support is paved with good interventions: Vascular complications of percutaneous LVAD use
Authors: Kreidieh Bahij , Gray William A. 
Published: February 2020

Key Points
The real‐world incidence of vascular complications associated with pLVAD use may be higher than previously reported.
This finding implies increased morbidity, length of stay, cost, and reduced overall benefit from pLVADs.
Aversion of vascular complications must be integrated into device design as pLVADs continue to evolve in the future.
Hemodynamics rounds: Hemodynamics of mitral valve interventions
Authors: Lloyd James W. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Eleid Mackram F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMitral valvulopathy presents as regurgitation, stenosis, or mixed disease and can occur in both native and prosthetic valves. Such disease develops in conjunction with pathophysiologic changes in the left atrium (LA) and drives changes in LA compliance, pressure, and thus clinical syndromes. With advances in the understanding and treatment of structural heart disease and in the setting of higher‐risk patient populations, less‐invasive transcatheter approaches have become increasingly commonplace in the treatment of mitral valve disease. Over time, transcatheter mitral valve interventions have evolved to include paravalvular leak closure, mitral valve repair, and mitral valve replacement. Parallel to this evolution, advances in invasive intracardiac pressure monitoring, particularly at the level of the LA, have also occurred. These advances emphasize the unique interplay between mitral valve disease and LA function; account for limitations of noninvasive assessment; and guide beneficial outcomes in each area of transcatheter mitral valve intervention. As a result, continuous transseptal LA pressure monitoring has developed into an indispensable instrument in successful percutaneous mitral valve intervention, complementing traditional noninvasive assessment.
Template Directed Syntheses of Electrochemically Active [2]Rotaxanes: Anion Binding and Redox Studies
Authors: Nandi Mandira , Bej Somnath , Bhunia Sarmistha , Ghosh Pradyut 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA heteroditopic macrocycle, PhenMC, composed of phenanthroline ester, aromatic spacer and oxy ether moieties is explored to synthesize two new rotaxanes, RTXN1 and RTXN2 by employing different templating strategies, active metal templation and donor‐acceptor interaction respectively. In this regard, Cu(I) mediated azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction is adopted to achieve RTXN1 in case of active metal templation. On the other hand, a new 1 : 1 threaded complex, PRT1 (pseudorotaxane) is synthesized via π‐π stacking interaction between viologen moiety containing alkyne terminated axle and PhenMC toward the development of RTXN2 by appropriately stoppering the pseudorotaxane. All the synthesized compounds are well characterized by several methods such as ESI‐MS, ITC, UV‐Vis, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, wherever applicable. Furthermore, RTXN1 has been explored toward inorganic anion binding studies by NMR titration and electrochemical methods. Subsequently, redox behavior of RTXN2 with multiple redox centers has also been described by cyclic voltammetry and UV‐Vis spectroscopic studies.
Rare‐Earth Catalyzed C−H Bond Alumination of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Kanbur Uddhav , Sadow Aaron D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrganoaluminum reagents’ application in catalytic C−H bond functionalization is limited by competitive side reactions, such as carboalumination and hydroalumination. Herein, rare‐earth tetramethylaluminate complexes are shown to catalyze the exclusive C−H bond metalation of terminal alkynes with the commodity reagents trimethyl‐, triethyl‐, and triisobutylaluminum. Kinetic experiments probing alkyl‐group exchange between rare‐earth aluminates and trialkylaluminum, C−H bond metalation of alkynes, and catalytic conversions reveal distinct pathways of catalytic aluminations with triethylaluminum versus trimethylaluminum. Most significantly, kinetic data point to reversible formation of a unique [Ln](AlR4)2⋅AlR3 adduct, followed by turnover‐limiting alkyne metalation. That is, C−H bond activation occurs from a more associated organometallic species, rather than the expected coordinatively unsaturated species. These mechanistic conclusions allude to a new general strategy for catalytic C−H bond alumination that make use of highly electrophilic metal catalysts.
Fabrication and characterization of polyvinyl chloride mixed matrix membranes containing high aspect ratio anatase titania and hydrous manganese oxide nanoparticle for efficient removal of heavy metal ions: Competitive removal study
Authors: Delavar Maedeh , Bakeri Gholamreza , Hosseini Morteza , Nabian Nima 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, novel polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ultrafiltration mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) containing high aspect ratio anatase titania (ANT) and hydrous manganese oxide (HMO) nanoparticles were synthesized in order to decontaminate cadmium and copper metal ions. ANT and HMO nanoparticles with various loadings in a range of 5‐15 were used in the casting solution of MMMs. The characterization of fabricated MMMs was carried out with respect to the structural morphology, hydrophilicity, and composition by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. With an increase in the nanoparticle loadings, the change in other membrane characteristics such as mean pore size, pure water flux, and porosity were also evaluated. The results revealed that the mean pore size and water flux increased at a higher loading of ANT and HMO nanoparticles, while the contact angle and porosity of the membranes showed reverse trends. Moreover, the higher flux of pure water was obtained for PVC‐ANT MMMs compared to PVC‐HMO MMMs because of the larger mean pore size, higher porosity, and hydrophilicity of PVC‐ANT MMMs. In this study, the decontamination of cadmium and copper metal ions in single and binary systems of heavy metals was investigated and the effect of Mn2+ (as an interfering ion) was also studied. The evaluation of the metal ion removal data demonstrated that the affinity sequence of both the PVC‐ANT‐15 and PVC‐HMO‐15 MMMs for heavy metal removal was Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Mn2+ in the single and binary systems. It was found through ultrafiltration (UF) experiments that PVC‐ANT MMM was the most efficient membrane in the elimination of heavy metals due to the superior ANT adsorption capacity. However, the overall findings disclosed that both ANT and HMO nanoparticles are suitable candidates for the preparation of MMMs used in cadmium and copper decontamination from aqueous solutions.
Cargo hold and delivery: Ankyrins, spectrins, and their functional patterning of neurons
Authors: Lorenzo Damaris N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe highly polarized, typically very long, and nonmitotic nature of neurons present them with unique challenges in the maintenance of their homeostasis. This architectural complexity serves a rich and tightly controlled set of functions that enables their fast communication with neighboring cells and endows them with exquisite plasticity. The submembrane neuronal cytoskeleton occupies a pivotal position in orchestrating the structural patterning that determines local and long‐range subcellular specialization, membrane dynamics, and a wide range of signaling events. At its center is the partnership between ankyrins and spectrins, which self‐assemble with both remarkable long‐range regularity and micro‐ and nanoscale specificity to precisely position and stabilize cell adhesion molecules, membrane transporters, ion channels, and other cytoskeletal proteins. To accomplish these generally conserved, but often functionally divergent and spatially diverse, roles these partners use a combinatorial program of a couple of dozens interacting family members, whose code is not fully unraveled. In a departure from their scaffolding roles, ankyrins and spectrins also enable the delivery of material to the plasma membrane by facilitating intracellular transport. Thus, it is unsurprising that deficits in ankyrins and spectrins underlie several neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders. Here, I summarize key aspects of the biology of spectrins and ankyrins in the mammalian neuron and provide a snapshot of the latest advances in decoding their roles in the nervous system.
Designing crops for adaptation to the drought and high‐temperature risks anticipated in future climates
Authors: Hammer Graeme. L. , McLean Greg , van Oosterom Erik , Chapman Scott , Zheng Bangyou , Wu Alex , Doherty Alastair , Jordan David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClimate risks pervade agriculture and generate major consequences on crop production. We do not know what the next season will be like, let alone the season 30 years hence. Yet farmers need to decide on genotype and management (G×M) combinations in advance of the season and in the face of this environment risk. Beyond that, breeders must target traits for future genotypes up to 10 years ahead of their release. Here we present the case for next generation design of G×M×E for crop adaptation in future climates. We focus on adaptation to drought and high‐temperature shock in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in Australia, but the concepts are generic. The considerable knowledge of climate, both past and future, gives us insight into climate variability and trends. We know that CO2 and temperature are increasing, and this influences drought and high‐temperature risks for crops. We also have considerable knowledge of crop growth and development responses to CO2, drought, and high temperature that have been integrated into advanced crop simulation models. Here we explore by simulation the design of crops best suited to current and future environments. A yield–risk framework is used to identify adapted G×M combinations. The results in this case study indicate the urgent need for high‐temperature tolerance to effects on seed set. Further, existing approaches to G×M for effective use of water through the crop cycle will not be adequate to maintain productivity once global warming of ∼2°C is reached. Improvement in transpiration efficiency offered the avenue with best potential for advancing adaptation relevant to future climates.
Exposure to exogenous egg cortisol does not rescue juvenile Chinook salmon body size, condition, or survival from the effects of elevated water temperatures
Authors: Warriner Theresa R. , Semeniuk Christina A. D. , Pitcher Trevor E. , Love Oliver P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClimate change is leading to altered temperature regimes which are impacting aquatic life, particularly for ectothermic fish. The impacts of environmental stress can be translated across generations through maternally derived glucocorticoids, leading to altered offspring phenotypes. Although these maternal stress effects are often considered negative, recent studies suggest this maternal stress signal may prepare offspring for a similarly stressful environment (environmental match). We applied the environmental match hypothesis to examine whether a prenatal stress signal can dampen the effects of elevated water temperatures on body size, condition, and survival during early development in Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from Lake Ontario, Canada. We exposed fertilized eggs to prenatal exogenous egg cortisol (1,000 ng/ml cortisol or 0 ng/ml control) and then reared these dosed groups at temperatures indicative of current (+0°C) and future (+3°C) temperature conditions. Offspring reared in elevated temperatures were smaller and had a lower survival at the hatchling developmental stage. Overall, we found that our exogenous cortisol dose did not dampen effects of elevated rearing temperatures (environmental match) on body size or early survival. Instead, our eyed stage survival indicates that our prenatal cortisol dose may be detrimental, as cortisol‐dosed offspring raised in elevated temperatures had lower survival than cortisol‐dosed and control reared in current temperatures. Our results suggest that a maternal stress signal may not be able to ameliorate the effects of thermal stress during early development. However, we highlight the importance of interpreting the fitness impacts of maternal stress within an environmentally relevant context.
Reliability of liquid organic hydrogen carrier‐based energy storage in a mobility application
Authors: Uhrig Felix , Kadar Julian , Müller Karsten 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLiquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) are a technology that allows storing hydrogen in a safe and dense manner by reversible chemical conversion. They constitute a very promising option for energy storage, transport, and release combined with electric power generation by fuel cells in large‐scale applications like trains. In order to establish trains running on LOHC, it is mandatory to ensure the reliability of the system. This study evaluates various system configurations concerning reliability and resilience. The fault tree analysis method has been used to quantify the probability of failure. The S‐P matrix was applied to assess the different failure modes in context of severity as well as their probability. The MTTF of the system can be more than doubled by introducing single redundancy for the fuel cell and the reactor, while more than two redundant components diminish the positive effect on reliability due to higher complexity. It is estimated that the systems full functionality is available for more than 97% of its operating time.
Microglial NMDA receptors drive pro‐inflammatory responses via PARP‐1/TRMP2 signaling
Authors: Raghunatha Prajwal , Vosoughi Amir , Kauppinen Tiina M. , Jackson Michael F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChronic neuroinflammation driven by microglia is a characteristic feature associated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases. While acute inflammation can assist with recovery and repair, prolonged microglial pro‐inflammatory responses are known to exacerbate neurodegenerative processes. Yet, detrimental outcomes of extended microglial activation are counterbalanced by beneficial outcomes including phagocytosis and release of trophic factors promoting neuronal viability. Our past work has shown that the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) is a key signaling hub driving pro‐inflammatory microglia responses, but the signaling pathway maintaining PARP‐1 activation remains elusive. While best understood for its role in promoting DNA repair, our group has shown that PARP‐1 activity can be stimulated via Ca2+ influx‐dependent ERK1/2‐mediated phosphorylation. However, to date, the route of Ca2+ entry responsible for stimulating PARP‐1 has not been identified. A likely candidate is via Ca2+‐permeable transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channels activated downstream of PARP‐1 in a cascade that involves ADP‐ribose (ADPR) production by poly(ADP‐ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). Here we demonstrate that NMDA receptor (NMDAR) stimulation in primary cultured microglia induces their proliferation, morphological activation and release of pro‐inflammatory mediators. These responses were contingent on the recruitment of PARP‐1, PARG and Ca2+ permeable TRPM2 channels. Furthermore, we show that Ca2+ influx is necessary to activate PARP‐1/TRPM2 signaling, in an ERK1/2‐dependent, but DNA damage independent, manner. Our findings, showing that PARP‐1/TRPM2 mediate the pro‐inflammatory effects of NMDAR stimulation, provides a unifying mechanism linking elevated glutamate levels to chronic neuroinflammation.
Left‐handed musicians show a higher probability of atypical cerebral dominance for language
Authors: Villar‐Rodríguez Esteban , Palomar‐García María‐Ángeles , Hernández Mireia , Adrián‐Ventura Jesús , Olcina‐Sempere Gustau , Parcet María‐Antònia , Ávila César 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMusic processing and right hemispheric language lateralization share a common network in the right auditory cortex and its frontal connections. Given that the development of hemispheric language dominance takes place over several years, this study tested whether musicianship could increase the probability of observing right language dominance in left‐handers. Using a classic fMRI language paradigm, results showed that atypical lateralization was more predominant in musicians (40%) than in nonmusicians (5%). Comparison of left‐handers with typical left and atypical right lateralization revealed that: (a) atypical cases presented a thicker right pars triangularis and more gyrified left Heschl's gyrus; and (b) the right pars triangularis of atypical cases showed a stronger intra‐hemispheric functional connectivity with the right angular gyrus, but a weaker interhemispheric functional connectivity with part of the left Broca's area. Thus, musicianship is the first known factor related to a higher prevalence of atypical language dominance in healthy left‐handed individuals. We suggest that differences in the frontal and temporal cortex might act as shared predisposing factors to both musicianship and atypical language lateralization.