bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for an optimal therapy for H pylori eradication: High‐dose proton‐pump inhibitor dual therapy with amoxicillin vs. standard triple therapy for 14 days
Authors: Hwong‐Ruey Leow Alex , Chang Jo‐Ven , Goh Khean‐Lee 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsWe compared a high‐dose dual therapy (HDDT) with rabeprazole and amoxicillin and compared it with a standard triple therapy (STT) with rabeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin for 2 weeks for H pylori eradication in treatment naïve patients.MethodsH pylori‐positive patients were randomly assigned to either a rabeparzole (Pariet) 20 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin (Ospamox) 1 g b.i.d. and clarithromycin (Klacid) 500 mg b.i.d. for 14 days or rabeprazole (Pariet) 20 mg q.i.d., amoxicillin (Ospamox) 1 g q.i.d. also for 14 days. Eradication was tested for by the C13‐UBT at least 4 weeks after the completion of therapy.ResultsH pylori was eradicated in 86.2% of patients (81/94) (95% CI: 77.8‐91.7) in the STT group compared with 92.8% (90/97) (95% CI: 85.9‐96.5) in the HDDT group on ITT analysis. On PP analysis, H pylori was eradicated in 91.0% of patients (81/89) (95% CI: 83.3‐95.4) in the STT group compared with 93.8% (90/96) (95% CI: 87.0‐97.1) in the HDDT group. Side effects were few although many patients in the STT arm complained of bitter taste. The HDDT arm was well tolerated by patients.ConclusionsThe HDDT gave a high eradication rate comparable to the STT for 2 weeks and was a well‐tolerated regimen for H pylori eradication.
Nano‐hydroxyapatite and nano‐hydroxyapatite/zinc oxide scaffold for bone tissue engineering application
Authors: Heidari Fatemeh , Bazargan‐Lari Reza , Razavi Mehdi , Fahimipour Farahnaz , Vashaee Daryoosh , Tayebi Lobat 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis research aims to evaluate the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and degradation behavior of scaffolds made of pure hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA‐modified by ZnO for bone tissue engineering applications. HA and ZnO were developed using sol‐gel and precipitation methods respectively. The scaffolds properties were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic absorption (AA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The interaction of scaffold with cells was assessed using in vitro cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays. The obtained results indicate that the HA/ZnO scaffolds possess higher compressive strength, fracture toughness, and density—but lower hardness—when compared to the pure HA scaffolds. After immersing the scaffold in the SBF solution, more deposited apatite appeared on the HA/ZnO, which results in the rougher surface on this scaffold compared to the pure HA scaffold. Finally, the in vitro biological analysis using human osteoblast cells reveals that scaffolds are biocompatible with adequate ALP activity.
Bone Marrow Depletion as a Coincidental Finding to Hypothermia in Macaca mulatta
Authors: Liebenberg Stanley P. 
Published: July 2020

Three of 16 juvenile rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and 1 rhesus of 79 adult rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were found comatose in a state of profound hypothermia after a heating failure occurred in the room in which they were housed. One juvenile monkey died shortly thereafter. The three other monkeys were revived with gradual warming and supportive therapy but later experienced separate acute clinical crises manifesting shock and died at 19, 31, and 51 days after the initial episode. Histopathologic findings of severe bone marrow depletion were observed in each of the three monkeys that died after the initial episode.
Effects of Primaquine on Serum Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Anesthetized Macaca fascicularis
Authors: Kapeghian John C. , Verlangieri Anthony J. 
Published: July 2020

Primaquine phosphate treatment (0.5 mg/kg/day, per os [p.o.], 14 days) significantly increased values for serum sodium, potassium, and uric acid, while calcium levels were decreased in male Macaca fascicularis. Serum values returned to baseline (pretreatment) levels by 30 days following primaquine treatment.
Tamarin Model of Pneumococcal Bacteremia
Authors: Chudwin David S. , Artrip Sharon G. , Ogden James D. , Schiffman Gerald 
Published: July 2020

Tamarins (Saguinus labiatus) were utilized to study host defenses against pneumococcal bacteremia. Tamarins had a poor antibody response to immunization with varying doses of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PCP) vaccine (2 of 15 positive) or to infection with serotype 7F Streptococcus pneumoniae (2 of 14 positive). Tamarins were protected against challenge with a lethal dose of serotype 7F S. pneumoniae if the bacteria were preopsonized with human immune globulin intravenous or if the tamarins were injected with the immune globulin 30 min before challenge. There was minimal protection utilizing a mouse monoclonal anti‐type 7F PCP antibody.
Surface Structure of Baboon (Papio anubis) Hydrated Articular Cartilage: Study of Low Temperature Replicas by Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Pidd Jeremy G. , Gardner Dugald L. 
Published: July 2020

Platinum/carbon replicas of the natural articular surfaces of the femoral condyles of normal adult baboons (Papio anubis) were made at ~ – 130°C. Washed surfaces displayed arrays of ~ 50–200 nm diameter collagen fibers and low parallel ridges ~ 5 μm apart. Untouched surfaces were often obscured by a featureless lamina. The ultrastructure of the bearing surface of baboon articular cartilage resembles that of quadrupeds such as the dog.
Elevation in Plasma Glucagon Levels in Response to Stress in Squirrel Monkeys: Comparisons of Two Subspecies (Saimiri sciureus boliviensis and Saimiri sciureus sciureus)
Authors: Myers Barbara A. , Mendoza Sally P. , Cornelius Charles E. 
Published: July 2020

Bolivian (Bo) and Brazilian (Br) squirrel monkeys (SMs) were captured and restrained to determine patterns of glucagon and glucose response. In both subspecies, plasma glucagon and glucose levels rose rapidly in response to restraint procedures; glucagon levels in BrSMs and glucose levels in both subspecies returned to basal values in 15 minutes. The magnitude of the glucagon and glucose responses differed significantly between BoSMs and BrSMs.
Job satisfaction and firm performance: Can employees’ job satisfaction change the trajectory of a firm’s performance?
Authors: Kessler Stacey R. , Lucianetti Lorenzo , Pindek Shani , Zhu Zhu , Spector Paul E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContemporary trends in business have focused on enhancing the employee work experience. Proponents argue that doing so will improve employees’ productivity and ultimately the firm's performance. However, critics argue that job satisfaction has only a modest relationship with an employee's job performance, and therefore, such an investment will likely have little impact on the firm's financial performance. To investigate the relationship between employees’ job satisfaction and firm performance, we collected a sample of 404 employees working in 31 firms. We tested this relationship using latent growth modeling which allows us to latently examine how employees’ job satisfaction at one time point can predict the trajectory of firm performance. Study results indicated that job satisfaction predicted a positive linear change in two financial indices of firm performance (i.e., return on assets and return on equity) over the course of four years when controlling for three indicators of firm size. These results suggest that the effects of job satisfaction on firm performance are not immediate but rather take time to manifest.
Population dynamics and range shifts of moose (Alces alces) during the Late Quaternary
Authors: Meiri Meirav , Lister Adrian , Kosintsev Pavel , Zazula Grant , Barnes Ian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimLate Quaternary climate oscillations had major impacts on species distributions and abundances across the northern Holarctic. While many large mammals in this region went extinct towards the end of the Quaternary, some species survived and flourished. Here, we examine population dynamics and range shifts of one of the most widely distributed of these, the moose (Alces alces).LocationNorthern Holarctic.TaxonMoose (A. alces).MethodsWe collected samples of modern and ancient moose from across their present and former range. We assessed their phylogeographical relations using part of the mitochondrial DNA in conjunction with radiocarbon dating to investigate the history of A. alces during the last glacial.ResultsThis species has a relatively shallow history, with the most recent common ancestor estimated at ca. 150–50 kyr. Ancient samples corroborate that its region of greatest diversity is in east Asia, supporting proposals that this is the region of origin of all extant moose. Both eastern and western haplogroups occur in the Ural Mountains during the last glacial period, implying a broader contact zone than previously proposed. It seems that this species went extinct over much of its northern range during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and recolonized the region with climate warming beginning around 15,000 yr bp. The post‐LGM expansion included a movement from northeast Siberia to North America via Beringia, although the northeast Siberian source population is not the one currently occupying that area.Main conclusionsMoose are a relatively recently evolved species but have had a dynamic history. As a large‐bodied subarctic browsing species, they were seemingly confined to refugia during full‐glacial periods and expanded their range northwards when the boreal forest returned after the LGM. The main modern phylogeographical division is ancient, though its boundary has not remained constant. Moose population expansion into America was roughly synchronous with human and red deer expansion.
Treatment with corticosteroids is associated with an increase in ventricular arrhythmia burden in patients with clinically manifest cardiac sarcoidosis: Insights from implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator diagnostics
Authors: Medor Maria C. , Spence Stewart , Nery Pablo B. , Beanlands Rob , Promislow Steven , Juneau Daniel , de Kemp Rob , Ha Andrew C. , Rivard Lena , Gula Lorne , Birnie David H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe sought to explore the relationship between ventricular tachycardia (VT) and premature ventricular complex (PVC) burden (from implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator diagnostics), before and during corticosteroid use in patients with newly diagnosed clinically manifest cardiac sarcoidosis (CS).MethodsA single‐centre, prospective cohort study was performed in consecutive patients who met all of the following criteria: (1) presentation with clinically manifest CS, (2) abnormal myocardial fluoro‐deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography scan, (3) plan for implantation with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator device that reports accurate PVC count, (4) plan to initiate corticosteroids after the device healing period. Data were collected during each device interrogation visit for all patients in the study. For each inter‐visit period the total number of episodes of VT—sustained and nonsustained, and the number of PVCs was obtained. Each inter‐visit period was classified into one of the following three periods: (1) New diagnosis of treatment‐naive active disease without corticosteroids during the period. (2) Known treatment‐naive active disease with corticosteroids initiated during the inter‐visit period. (3) On corticosteroid therapy during the entire period.ResultsA total of 20 patients with a mean age of 59.7 ± 7.7 years were recruited and 82 inter‐visit periods were analyzed. All patients were corticosteroid responders based on FDG uptake. The maximum left ventricular standardized uptake value was 11.14 ± 5.19 before corticosteroid initiation and 4.07 ± 0.88 after (p < .001). Patients with active untreated CS had an average of 496.4 ± 879.1 PVCs per day. After treatment with corticosteroids, the average PVC count increased to 1332.4 ± 1865.7/day during Period 2 (p = .036) and to 1590.1 ± 2362.2 per day during Period 3 (p = .008). There was also a statistically significant increase in episodes of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) before and after treatment with corticosteroids (p = .017). There were too few episodes of sustained ventricular arrhythmia to analyze. Overall, 18 out of 20 patients (90%) had an increase in PVC burden after corticosteroid initiation.ConclusionThis study demonstrated, on average, a threefold increase in daily PVC count in clinically manifest CS patients during treatment with corticosteroids compared to pretreatment. There was also a significant increase in episodes of NSVT. Clinicians and patients with active manifest CS should be aware that corticosteroids are unlikely to lead to a reduction in the burdens of PVC and NSVT.
Forceps through a 14F flexible sheath for safe retrieval of a dislodged left atrial appendage occluder
Authors: Qiu Libin , Rong Bing , Zhang Kai , Zhong Jingquan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe LAmbre occluder (Lifetech Scientific, Shenzhen, China), a new device for left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO), is increasingly used, but the retrieval procedure for dislodgements has rarely been reported in humans. We herein reported a case of safe retrieval of dislodged LAmbre occluder. The occluder dislodged to the left atrium (LA) at the end of the LAAO procedure. We failed to retrieve the device in the LA using a LASSO catheter and forceps through an 8.5F sheath. After it suddenly flowed into the aortic arch, we successfully retrieved it using the same forceps through a 14F flexible sheath. We also discuss the reasons for device dislodgment and experiences of device retrieval. We think that forceps can be used to retrieve an embolized LAmbre device in the aorta through a 14F flexible sheath.
Longitudinal sleep problem trajectories are associated with multiple impairments in child well‐being
Authors: Williamson Ariel A. , Mindell Jodi A. , Hiscock Harriet , Quach Jon 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThis study examined whether distinct sleep problem trajectories from infancy through middle childhood were associated with multiple aspects of child well‐being at ages 10–11 years.MethodsData were from the first six waves of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children – Birth Cohort (5,107 children recruited at birth). Caregivers reported on child sleep problems at each time point. A combination of caregiver‐reported, teacher‐reported and child‐completed tasks were used to index child well‐being outcomes at ages 10–11 years including emotional/behavioural functioning (internalizing and externalizing symptoms; self‐control), health‐related quality of life, cognitive skills and academic achievement.ResultsLatent class analysis identified five distinct sleep problem trajectories over time: persistent sleep problems through middle childhood (7.7% of the sample), limited infant/preschool sleep problems (9.0%), increased middle childhood sleep problems (17.0%), mild sleep problems over time (14.4%) and no sleep problems (51.9%). Compared to those with no sleep problems, children with persistent sleep problems had the greatest impairments across all outcomes except cognitive skills (perceptual reasoning), with moderate to large effect sizes. Children with increased middle childhood sleep problems similarly experienced greater internalizing and externalizing symptoms and worse quality of life, but few academic impairments. Both the limited infant/preschool sleep problems and mild increases over time trajectories also showed internalizing concerns and worse caregiver‐reported quality of life, although effects were smaller than the other sleep trajectories.ConclusionsThe linkages between sleep problems and negative child outcomes across domains underscore the importance of early identification and targeted intervention to address sleep problems and promote child well‐being.
Perianal warts as a risk marker for anal high‐risk‐human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and HPV‐associated diseases
Authors: Cerejeira A. , Cunha S. , Coelho R. , Macedo G. , Barkoudah E. , Azevedo F. , Lisboa C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundGenital warts are the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) and are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Persistent anal infection by oncogenic genotypes of HPV is a determinant for anal cancer. Currently, anal cancer screening is not widely implemented.ObjectivesOur aim is to evaluate the role of perianal warts as a risk marker for anal high‐risk (HR) HPV detection and anal dysplasia.MethodsIn this observational, retrospective, cohort study of attendees of a STI outpatient clinic between January 2010 and June 2018, all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive men who have sex with men (MSM) who performed anal cytology, anal HPV DNA detection and anoscopy were included. A comparison was made between patients with and without perianal warts. Primary endpoint: proportion of patients with an abnormal anal cytology. Secondary endpoints: proportion of patients with (i) anal HR‐HPV detection; (ii) anal HPV 16 detection; (iii) abnormal anal biopsy; and (iv) anal high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL).ResultsSeventy‐eight individuals were included: 39 with perianal warts and 39 without perianal warts. Subjects with perianal warts more frequently had an abnormal anal cytology (71.8% vs. 38.5%; P = 0.003). This group also had a higher rate of anal HPV 16 detection (38.5% vs. 12.8%; P = 0.01). No differences were detected in the proportion of patients with anal HR‐HPV detection, with an abnormal anal biopsy or with anal HSIL. Perianal warts was an independent risk factor for an abnormal anal cytology (OR: 7.2) and for anal HPV 16 detection (OR: 6.7).ConclusionGiven the high risk of anal cancer in HIV‐positive MSM, effective screening strategies are greatly needed. This study suggests that the presence of perianal warts is a suitable risk marker for anal HPV 16 detection and anal dysplasia.
Sovereign Debt Portfolios, Bond Risks, and the Credibility of Monetary Policy
Authors: DU WENXIN , PFLUEGER CAROLIN E. , SCHREGER JESSE 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTWe document that governments whose local currency debt provides them with greater hedging benefits actually borrow more in foreign currency. We introduce two features into a government's debt portfolio choice problem to explain this finding: risk‐averse lenders and lack of monetary policy commitment. A government without commitment chooses excessively countercyclical inflation ex post, which leads risk‐averse lenders to require a risk premium ex ante. This makes local currency debt too expensive from the government's perspective and thereby discourages the government from borrowing in its own currency.
Genome analysis of sphingolipid metabolism‐related genes in Tetrahymena thermophila and identification of a fatty acid 2‐hydroxylase involved in the sexual stage of conjugation
Authors: Cid Nicolas G. , Puca Gervasio , Nudel Clara B. , Nusblat Alejandro D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSphingolipids are bioactive lipids present in all eukaryotes. Tetrahymena thermophila is a ciliate that displays remarkable sphingolipid moieties, that is, the unusual phosphonate‐linked headgroup ceramides, present in membranes. To date, no identification has been made in this organism of the functions or related genes implicated in sphingolipid metabolism. By gathering information from the T. thermophila genome database together with sphingolipid moieties and enzymatic activities reported in other Tetrahymena species, we were able to reconstruct the putative de novo sphingolipid metabolic pathway in T. thermophila. Orthologous genes of 11 enzymatic steps involved in the biosynthesis and degradation pathways were retrieved. No genes related to glycosphingolipid or phosphonosphingolipid headgroup transfer were found, suggesting that both conserved and innovative mechanisms are used in ciliate. The knockout of gene TTHERM_00463850 allowed to identify the gene encoding a putative fatty acid 2‐hydroxylase, which is involved in the biosynthesis pathway. Knockout cells have shown several impairments in the sexual stage of conjugation since different mating types of knockout strains failed to form cell pairs and complete the conjugation process. This fatty acid 2‐hydroxylase gene is the first gene of a sphingolipid metabolic pathway to be identified in ciliates and have a critical role in their sexual stage.
Impact of COVID‐19 on maintenance haemodialysis patients: The Indian scenario
Authors: Trivedi Mayuri , Shingada Aakash , Shah Meera , Khanna Umesh , Karnik Niteen D. , Ramachandran Raja 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is a lack of data describing the impact of the novel coronavirus 19 pandemic on the patients of chronic kidney disease stage V‐dialysis (CKD V‐D) from resource‐limited countries. A growing body of literature describes an increased susceptibility of CKD V‐D to COVID‐19 with adverse outcomes in those with severe disease. In the current retrospective report, we elucidate the outcome in consecutive 37 CKD V‐D patients with COVID‐19 from two dialysis centres in Mumbai, India. Of the 37 patients included in the study, 56.7% of patients were asymptomatic or had mild disease and 27% presented with severe symptoms. The recovery rate was 63%, all those who presented with a severe disease succumbed to the infection. Thirty per cent of patients presented with an extended dialysis break due to various logistic and social issues. Though the overall clinical presentation and outcomes of this cohort from a limited resource setting mimic the global scenario, unique social and logistic issues are an additional burden to the patient, caregivers and the health‐care facilities, which may worsen the outcomes in the future as the pandemic continues to spread.
Linking functional traits to multiscale statistics of leaf venation networks
Authors: Blonder Benjamin , Both Sabine , Jodra Miguel , Xu Hao , Fricker Mark , Matos Ilaíne S. , Majalap Noreen , Burslem David F.R.P. , Teh Yit Arn , Malhi Yadvinder 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Leaf venation networks evolved along several functional axes, including resource transport, damage resistance, mechanical strength, and construction cost. Because functions may depend on architectural features at different scales, network architecture may vary across spatial scales to satisfy functional tradeoffs.

We develop a framework for quantifying network architecture with multiscale statistics describing elongation ratios, circularity ratios, vein density, and minimum spanning tree ratios. We quantify vein networks for leaves of 260 southeast Asian tree species in samples of up to 2 cm2, pairing multiscale statistics with traits representing axes of resource transport, damage resistance, mechanical strength, and cost.

We show that these multiscale statistics clearly differentiate species’ architecture and delineate a phenotype space that shifts at larger scales; functional linkages vary with scale and are weak, with vein density, minimum spanning tree ratio, and circularity ratio linked to mechanical strength (measured by force to punch) and elongation ratio and circularity ratio linked to damage resistance (measured by tannins); and phylogenetic conservatism of network architecture is low but scale‐dependent.

This work provides tools to quantify the function and evolution of venation networks. Future studies including primary and secondary veins may uncover additional insights.