bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Port Efficiency and Supply Chain: Implication for Bangladesh
Authors: Sukanta Sen  , Md Akramuzzaman Shaikh  , Anis Mohammad Tareq  , Mohammad Shahedul Islam  , Wang Xuefeng  
Published: December 2020

Port and supply chains are closely connected to each other as a port is considered as an important node of the global supply chain. Sothe efficiency level of port has an impact on the performance of supply chain operations. Chittagong port is the principal seaport of Bangladesh and it provides a major gateway to the outside world. The cost of doing business is increasing as a result of the inefficiency in the main seaport of the country. In this paper, an effort has been taken to examine the efficiency of Chittagong Port and the causal factors of inefficiency. The impact of inefficiency at Chittagong port on the supply chain of Bangladesh has also been identified. To do this, at first a relationship has been built between port efficiency and supply chain in respect of Bangladesh.
Relevant data has been gathered through extensive review of the literature, field surveys, interacting with top management of different business entities such as shipping agency, freight forwarder, logistics companies, exporter, importer as well as Government regulatory and monitoring bodies using both the structured and unstructured questionnaires.
The study has revealed that theinefficiency at Chittagong port causes serious consequences on the supply chain of exporter and importer and lead to loss and disruption of trade and ultimately incur extra costs and time. This paper, therefore, recommends a substantial infrastructure improvement to Chittagong port along with other related measures in order to facilitate the supply chain of exporter and importer.
Public Work Engineering Leadership Challenges in Covid-19 Era: A Boss, A Manager, or A Leader
Authors: Thewodros Geberemariam  
Published: December 2020

Although remote working is not new, it has never been deployed on such a massive scale in a short period as it has been in the current situation. Owing to Covid-19, organizations that never relied on a remote workforce have been forced to operate in a virtual environment. Hence, many public work directors and leaders currently find themselves utilizing unusual channels to engage deeply with stakeholders and employees virtually. This makes the task of leading, operating, planning, organizing, directing, and coordinating various activities of the Public Works Department more complicated. Every day, demonstration of great leadership is required in an almost exclusively virtual workplace to recognize and reward great performance and address performance challenges by making difficult, authentic, and empathetic decisions. Leaders are also required to be context-sensing communicators having a “perfect pitch” when communicating with a different audience in various situations. This article focuses on leaders’ transition from leading in the office to leading in a remote environment in the Covid-19 era and discuss leader–team dynamics through the lens of “transitioning from a boss or a manager to a leader” by making aggressive efforts to view the landscape through the eyes of the people they lead, coach, support, and inspire.
Shunt failure clusters: an analysis of multiple, frequent shunt failures
Authors: Rocque Brandon G. , Waldrop Raymond P. , Shamblin Isaac , Arynchyna Anastasia A. , Hopson Betsy , Kerr Tammie , Johnston James M. , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Blount Jeffrey P. 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVERepeated failure of ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs) is a problem familiar to pediatric neurosurgeons and patients. While there have been many studies to determine what factors are associated with the first shunt failure, studies of subsequent failures are much less common. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and associated risk factors of clustered shunt failures (defined as 3 or more VPS operations within 3 months).METHODSThe authors reviewed prospectively collected records from all patients who underwent VPS surgery from 2008 to 2017 at their institution and included only those children who had received all of their hydrocephalus care at that institution. Demographics, etiology of hydrocephalus, history of endoscopic third ventriculostomy or temporizing procedure, initial valve type, age at shunt placement, and other factors were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to test for the association of each variable with a history of shunt failure cluster.RESULTSOf the 465 included children, 28 (6.0%) had experienced at least one cluster of shunt failures. Among time-independent variables, etiology of hydrocephalus (OR 0.27 for non–intraventricular hemorrhage [IVH], nonmyelomeningocele, nonaqueductal stenosis etiology vs IVH, 95% CI 0.11–0.65; p = 0.003), younger gestational age at birth (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.97; p = 0.003), history of a temporizing procedure (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.12–6.85; p = 0.028), and smaller head circumference at time of initial shunt placement (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.99; p = 0.044) showed significant association with shunt failure cluster on univariate analysis. None of these variables maintained significance in a multivariate model. Among children with a history of a shunt failure cluster, 21 (75%) had a shunt infection either prior to or during the shunt failure cluster. A comparison of the infecting organism between these children and 62 children with a history of infection but without a shunt failure cluster showed an association of cluster with gram-negative rod species.CONCLUSIONSSix percent of children in this institutional sample had at least one shunt failure cluster. These children accounted for 30% of the total shunt revisions in the sample. Shunt infection is an important factor associated with shunt failure cluster. Children with a history of prematurity and IVH may have a higher risk for failure cluster.
Matas test revisited: carotid compression for embolization of high-flow pediatric pial arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Demartini Zeferino , Koppe Gelson Luis , Corrêa de Almeida Teixeira Bernardo , Keijiro Adriano , Francisco Alexandre Novicki , Maranha Gatto Luana Antunes 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVECerebral pial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare vascular malformation and may cause hemorrhage and neurological deficit. The presence of high-flow shunts constitutes a challenge when performing the endovascular technique, due to risk of distal embolization. The authors report a simple maneuver, adapted from the Matas test, that was successfully applied to treat a child with two pial AVFs.METHODSAn 8-year-old boy presented with headache and vomiting due to two single-channel high-flow intracerebral pial AVFs. He was treated with an endovascular approach using brief, gentle compression of the ipsilateral cervical carotid artery. The temporary flow arrest ensured proper placement of the first coil, allowing definitive obliteration of the shunt.RESULTSThere were no complications with the procedure, and the patient recovered uneventfully. Throughout the 9-month follow-up, the patient experienced a stable neurological condition, with both fistulas occluded and improvement of local circulation.CONCLUSIONSThis easy-to-perform maneuver allows precise positioning of embolic material into high-flow shunts to facilitate treatment of pial AVF.
Folate fortification and supplementation in prevention of folate-sensitive neural tube defects: a systematic review of policy
Authors: Shlobin Nathan A. , LoPresti Melissa A. , Du Rebecca Y. , Lam Sandi 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVENeural tube defects (NTDs) are common congenital neurological defects, resulting in mortality, morbidity, and impaired quality of life for patients and caregivers. While public health interventions that increase folate consumption among women who are or plan to become pregnant are shown to reduce folate-sensitive NTDs, public health policy reflecting the scientific evidence lags behind. The authors aimed to identify the types of policies applied, associated outcomes, and impact of folate fortification and supplementation on NTDs worldwide. By identifying effective legislation, the authors aim to focus advocacy efforts to more broadly effect change, reducing the burden of NTDs in neurosurgery.METHODSA systematic review was conducted exploring folate fortification and supplementation policies using the PubMed and Scopus databases. Titles and abstracts from articles identified were read and selected for full-text review. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed in full and analyzed for study design, aim, population, interventions, and outcomes.RESULTSOf 1637 resultant articles, 54 were included. Mandatory folate fortification was effective at reducing folate-sensitive NTDs. Mandatory fortification also decreased hospitalization rates and deaths after discharge and increased 1st-year survival for infants with NTDs. Recommended folate supplementation also resulted in decreased NTDs; however, issues with compliance and adherence were a concern and impacted effectiveness. Folate fortification and/or supplementation resulted in decreased NTD prevalence, although more change was attributed to fortification. Dual policies may hold the most promise. Furthermore, reductions in NTDs were associated with significant cost savings over time.CONCLUSIONSBoth mandatory folate fortification and recommended supplementation policies were found to effectively decrease folate-sensitive NTD rates when applied. A comprehensive approach incorporating mandatory folate fortification, appropriate folate supplementation, and improved infrastructure and access to prenatal care may lead to decreased NTDs worldwide. This approach should be context-specific, emphasize education, and account for regional access to healthcare and social determinants of health. With wide implications for NTDs, associated health outcomes, quality of life of patients and caregivers, and economic impacts, policy changes can drastically improve global NTD outcomes. As caretakers of children with NTDs, the authors as neurosurgeons advocate for a comprehensive policy, the engagement of stakeholders, and a broader global impact.
The association between patient rating of their spine surgeon and quality of postoperative outcome
Authors: Rabah Nicholas M. , Khan Hammad A. , Levin Jay M. , Winkelman Robert D. , Mroz Thomas E. , Steinmetz Michael P. 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVEThe Clinician and Group Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CG-CAHPS) survey was developed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services as a result of their value-based purchasing initiative. It allows patients to rate their experience with their provider in the outpatient setting. This presents a unique situation in healthcare in which the patient experience drives the marketplace, and since its creation, providers have sought to improve patient satisfaction. Within the spine surgery setting, however, the question remains whether improved patient satisfaction correlates with improved outcomes.METHODSAll patients who had undergone lumbar spine surgery between 2009 and 2017 and who completed a CG-CAHPS survey after their procedure were studied. Demographic and surgical characteristics were then obtained. The primary outcomes of this study include patient-reported health outcomes measures such as the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health (PROMIS-GH) surveys for both mental health (PROMIS-GH-MH) and physical health (PROMIS-GH-PH), and the visual analog scale for back pain (VAS-BP). A multivariable linear regression analysis was used to assess whether patient satisfaction with their provider was associated with changes in each health status measure after adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTSThe study population included 647 patients who had undergone lumbar spine surgery. Of these, 564 (87%) indicated that they were satisfied with the care they received. Demographic and surgical characteristics were largely similar between the two groups. Multivariable linear regression demonstrated that patient satisfaction with their provider was not a significant predictor of change in two of the three patient-reported outcomes (PROMIS-GH-MH and PROMIS-GH-PH) assessed at 1 year. However, top-box patient satisfaction with their provider was a significant predictor of improvement in VAS-BP scores at 1 year.CONCLUSIONSThe authors found that after adjusting for patient-level covariates such as age, diagnosis of disc displacement, self-reported mental health, self-reported overall health, and preoperative patient-reported outcome measure status, a significant association was observed between top-box overall provider rating and 1-year improvement in VAS-BP, but no such association was observed for PROMIS-GH-PH and PROMIS-GH-MH. This suggests that pain-related outcome measures may serve as better predictors of patients’ satisfaction with their spine surgeons. Furthermore, this suggests that the current method by which patient satisfaction is being assessed and publicly reported may not necessarily correlate with validated measures that are used within the spine surgery setting to assess surgical efficacy.
METODOLOGI HUKUM ISLAM PERSPEKTIF AL-GHAZALI
Authors: Wahidah Zumrotul 
Published: December 2020

This study discusses the Islamic legal methodology used by Al-Ghazali. Al-Ghazali was the first to formulate methodological theory of Islamic law. In addition, Al-Ghazali is a very influential scholar in the Muslim community ini the word who is addressed through his works. Therefore, it is interesting to study the differences from other scholars in the method is library research is library research method by analizing various sources of literature related to this research. The result of this research is that the method used by Al-Ghazali has a different view, even against the Imam of the mazhab, one of which is about the argument of Maslahah al-Mursalah as a legal argument if the mashlalah is at the dharuriyah level. For the methodology agreed upon by Al-Ghazali, namely al-Qur’an, Sunnah, Ijma’ and Nalar reasionable/ istishab. Meanwhile, Islamic legal methods that not agreed upon are syar’u man qablana, istihsan, qaul sahaby, and mashalahah mursalah/ istishlah.Keywords: Al-Ghazali; Islamic law; methodology.Penelitian ini membahas tentang metodologi hukum Islam yang digunakan oleh Al-Ghazali. Al-Ghazali merupakan merupakan orang pertama yang merumuskan dalam teori metodologi hukum Islam. Selain itu, Al-Ghazali merupakan ulama yang sangat berpengaruh dalam kalangan masyarakat Muslim di dunia yang ditujukan melalui karya-karyanya. Oleh karena itu, menarik untuk dikaji perbedaan dari ulama-ulama lain dalam metode hukum Islam yang digunakan oleh Al-Ghazali. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian pustaka (library research) dengan menganalisis dari berbagai sumber pustaka yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah metode yang digunakan oleh Al-Ghazali memiliki pandangan yang berbeda, bahkan berlawanan imam mazhab salah satunya tentang hujjah Mashlahah al-Mursalah sebagai dalil hukum apabila mashlahah tersebut pada tingkatan dharuriyah. Untuk metodologi yang disepakati oleh Al-Ghazali yaitu al-Qur’an, Sunnah, Ijma’ dan Nalar akal/istishab. Sedangkan metode hukum Islam yang tidak disepakati yaitu syar’u man qablana, istihsan, qaul sahaby, dan mashlahah mursalat/istishlah.
VALIDITAS ANGKET FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KECANDUAN GAME ONLINE PADA SISWA SMA SWASTA SE-KOTA PADANG
Authors: Nela Nela Sari Yolanda , Yessy Marzona  
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kecanduan bermain game online. Melihat perkembangan game online saat ini, dampak negatifnya yaitu kecanduan. Oleh karena itu dibuatlah angket untuk melihat tingkat kecanduan siswa SMA swasta se-kota Padang. Sebelum angket disebarkan maka perlu diperlukan validasi terhadap angket. Angket di validasi oleh 3 validator yaitu 2 ahli matematika dan 1 ahli Bahasa. Aspek-aspek yang dinilai oleh validator adalah aspek Bahasa, aspek permasalahan dan aspek tujuan. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa angket sudah valid dari setiap aspek yang dinilai.
АСПЕКТИ КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКИ ПЛАТФОРМ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Тецький Артем Григорович , Морозова Ольга Ігорівна 
Published: December 2020

The subject of study in the article is the platforms used to organize the educational process in the context of distance learning. The following platforms are selected: learning content management systems (open source systems and individual development), Google Classroom service, e-mail, and cloud data storage. The objects of the educational process for which the security state must be provided are shown. Such assets are files (lectures, tasks for laboratory work), a bank of questions (a total set of questions from which tests are created to control knowledge), and grades (for laboratory work and modular control of knowledge). The goal of the work is a comparative analysis of distance learning platforms in the aspect of cybersecurity. The main threats are a violation of the availability and confidentiality of data in the educational process. It is also possible to modify marks due to the exploitation vulnerabilities of the system or gaining access to the functions of the learning content management system administrator. The probability of data being compromised is higher than the probability of modification, as evidenced by information from vulnerability databases about numerous vulnerabilities in learning content management systems. An accessibility violation is a result of a denial of service, that is, the resource on which the necessary files are located becomes inaccessible to users. The method of expert evaluation with variables of fuzzy logic is used. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the most flexible and convenient platform is the learning content management system of individual development, at the same time it is the most unsecure among the platforms considered. An open-source learning content management system is a more secure platform due to the presence of a global community that can identify security problems faster than attackers. Using Google Classroom and using email with cloud storage is safer, but these approaches are inferior in usability and functionality. Conclusions. Choosing a distance-learning platform is about finding a compromise between security and convenience in the form of a wide functionality of the system. When deploying a centralized learning content management system, it is important to remember that this system is an object of critical information infrastructure, and the requirements for critical systems must be met for it.
RESEARCH OF RUBAS FORTIFICATION in 2020
Authors: Gmyrya Ludmila B. , Saidov Vadim A. , Magomedov Yusup A. 
Published: December 2020

The article presents preliminary data on the excavations of the Rubas fortification complex in 2020. The archaeological site is located in the lower reaches of the river. Rubas, near the village. Commune of the Derbent region of the Republic of Dagestan, 20 km south-west of the city of Derbent.
The monument was discovered in 2014 by local residents. The work on its research is carried out by the Rubass archaeological expedition of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the DPhIC RAS ​​(head of the expedition LB Gmyrya).
In 2014, 2016–2018 four military engineering structures were identified and investigated: 1) an arched tower structure; 2) stone wall No. 1, attached to the arched structure from the north; 3) monumental stone defensive wall No. 2, oriented in the south-north direction (28 m section was explored); 4) stone wall no. 3, attached to wall no. 2 from the east, oriented west-east (section 5 was investigated).
The excavations were carried out with the financial support of projects by the RFBR-Dagestan (2014) and RFBR (2016–2018) funds. It was established: 1) the undoubted belonging of the archaeological site on the Rubas River to the monumental defensive structures; 2) a complex, multifaceted structure and layout; 3) a variety of technological methods for laying massive blocks into walls; 4) careful processing of stone blocks; 5) the use of a fastening solution using lime and special brackets for fastening the blocks of the facade part of buildings.
However, the scale of the Rubas defense complex and the uniqueness of its location at the bottom of the Rubas River valley determine the presence of problematic issues related to the topography and planning of this object.
“MUSLIM’S LUMINAIRES FOR MUSLIM MOUNTAINEERS” – THE WORK OF MUSLIM AL-URADI ON “MUHAJIRISM”
Authors: Alibekov Khizri G. 
Published: December 2020

The second half of the 19th century in the Caucasus marked the emergence of such a phenomenon as “muhajirism” – mass migration of Caucasians to the Ottoman Empire. This caused debates among Muslim theologians in the Caucasus. Having divided into supporters and opponents of “muhajirism”, theologians reflected their positions in written works. Among those theologians was Muslim al-Uradi (died in 1919), who described the said phenomenon in his work “Muslim’s luminaires for Muslim mountaineers”. The work provides positions of the both parties which allow us to thoroughly examine their views on social-political situation of that time and their considerations of “their place” in the new, changed reality. Muslim al-Uradi argues that there is no need for Dagestanis to move to other places and that “muhajirism” may affect negatively the religious life of Muslims of Dagestan.
The author also considers some details related to the stay of Muslims under infidels’ authority, explains the basic rules of their interactions. Muslim al-Uradi tends to believe that Muslims of Dagestan can well live with non-believers in peace, be law-abiding tax-payers and at the same time remain true to their religion.
The present article is devoted to the source-study analysis of the work by Muslim al-Uradi. The analysis of the said work allows to establish that the controversial popularity of “muhajirism” in the Russian Empire was not least due to the difference in views of the Hanafi and Shafi’i theological and legal schools on the resettlement of Muslims from territories that fell under the rule of non-Muslim countries.
El impacto del Brexit en la economía española
Authors: Latorre María C. , Yonezawa Hidemichi 
Published: December 2020

Estimamos los efectos micro y macroeconómicos del Brexit utilizando un modelo de equilibrio general aplicado. Simulamos varios escenarios: salida sin acuerdo, permanencia de Reino Unido en la unión aduanera europea, propuesta de Brexit de Boris Johnson, Brexit blando y combinación del Brexit de Boris Johnson con un posible tratado con EE.UU. El modelo incluye heterogeneidad empresarial à la Melitz (2003) y multinacionales en servicios. El impacto para España es limitado, aunque conforme más lejana sea la relación futura (y, en consecuencia, mayores barreras al comercio y a la inversión extranjera directa surjan) el Brexit resulta más dañino.