bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Koronare CT-Angiografie (CTA): Die anatomische Bildgebung überzeugt
Authors: Schmermund Axel , Eckert Joachim , Schmidt Marco , Magedanz Annett , Voigtländer Thomas 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungBei stabilen Patienten mit V. a. koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK) können mittels koronarer CT-Angiografie (CTA) mehrere Aspekte der koronaren Atherosklerose untersucht werden. Stenosen werden zuverlässig detektiert, die Plaquebildung kann quantifiziert und in nicht verkalkte und verkalkte Läsionen unterschieden werden und potenzielle Marker einer Instabilität wie Remodeling, gesprenkelte Verkalkungen und ein großes Atherom können detektiert werden. Selbst kleine Plaques werden mit exzellenter Sensitivität dokumentiert. Bei ausgedehnter Plaquebildung wiederum wird manchmal die hämodynamische Auswirkung überschätzt. Dies kann teilweise durch den Einsatz von Computational Fluid Dynamics mit CT-basierter Fractional Flow Reserve, FFRCT, korrigiert werden. Große prospektive Studien haben den diagnostischen Nutzen der CTA insbesondere zum Ausschluss einer stenosierenden KHK etabliert. Durch die Detektion von nicht stenosierenden Plaques werden im Unterschied zur Ischämie-/Funktionsdiagnostik auch Patienten mit subklinischer Atherosklerose identifiziert, die gezielt behandelt werden können. In den aktuellen Europäischen Leitlinien erhält die CTA eine Klasse-I-Empfehlung für die Abklärung chronischer Koronarsyndrome.
Risikostratifizierung des chronischen Koronarsyndroms – Empfehlungen zur
Risikobewertung und Diagnostik im klinischen Alltag gemäß ESC-Leitlinie
2019
Authors: Hielscher Lisa , Noack Frank , Schlitt Axel 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie neue Leitlinie der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) von 2019 liefert neue
Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit dem chronischen Koronarsyndrom (CCS, früher stabile
koronare Herzerkrankung = KHK). In diesem Beitrag werden Methoden zur Bestimmung der
Prätestwahrscheinlichkeit eines CCS und die relevanten diagnostischen Mittel
vorgestellt, wie etwa die neuen Empfehlungen für die Stellung des Angio-CT und die
Verwendung der Koronarangiografie. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrags liegt
auf denjenigen Patientengruppen, die Ärzte und Pflegekräfte im klinischen Alltag vor
besondere Herausforderungen stellen. Hierzu gehören Patienten mit atypischer oder
fehlender Klinik, Patienten höheren Alters und Patientinnen. Für diese Gruppen werden
gesonderte Empfehlungen formuliert.
Music Therapy for Early Postoperative Pain, Anxiety, and Sleep in Patients after Mitral Valve Replacement
Authors: Zhang Qi-Liang , Xu Ning , Huang Shu-Ting , Lin Ze-Wei , Chen Liang-Wan , Cao Hua , Chen Qiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background To investigate the effect of music therapy on early postoperative pain, anxiety, and sleep quality in patients after mechanical mitral valve replacement (MVR).
Methods A total of 222 patients undergoing mechanical MVR were divided into two groups: the music group and the control group. The patients in the music group received 30 minutes of music therapy every day, whereas the patients in the control group had 30 minutes of quiet time. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of pain, and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to evaluate the degree of early postoperative anxiety. We also recorded the sleep duration of the patients and used the Verran and Snyder-Halpern (VSH) Sleep Scale to evaluate the sleep quality of the patients.
Results The VAS scores in the music group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and early postoperative anxiety in the music group was also significantly improved compared with that in the control group. The sleep duration in the music group was significantly greater than that in the control group. In the evaluation of sleep quality using the VSH Sleep Scale, the scores for sleep interruption, sleep length, sleep depth, degree of rest, and subjective sleep quality in the music group were significantly lower than those in the control group.
Conclusions Music therapy can be an effective intervention to reduce early postoperative pain, relieve early postoperative anxiety, prolong sleep time, and improve the sleep quality of patients after mechanical MVR.
Potential for, and drivers of, private voluntary initiatives for the decarbonisation of short sea shipping: evidence from a Swedish ferry line
Authors: Christodoulou Anastasia , Cullinane Kevin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse shipping firms’ reactions to environmental challenges and identify how significant reductions in energy consumption and air emissions can come about by implementing a variety of voluntary initiatives. The paper focuses on the various sustainability initiatives implemented by the Swedish short sea shipping operator, Stena Line, either on a purely voluntary basis as part of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy or as their chosen route for compliance with regulations. A conceptual model is developed based on stakeholder theory, the theory of planned behaviour and resource dependence theory to understand the main drivers of the firm’s adoption of sustainability initiatives and the factors affecting the integration of CSR in maritime companies. According to our findings, the company operates within a strongly enforced regulatory environmental framework and needs to exceed this framework to differentiate its service and strengthen its relationships with its customers by addressing their social and environmental concerns. As the firm’s competitive strategy focuses on service differentiation, a large pool of complementary resources is available for CSR and the implementation of sustainability practices. The results of this paper bring new insights to the potential of local private voluntary initiatives for the reduction of maritime air emissions. These include the provision of onshore power supply, the conversion of vessels to use methanol, ferry electrification, the construction of larger RoPax vessels and the implementation of an energy-saving program that focuses on crew involvement and continuous training. The environmental outcomes derived from a combination of local operational and technical energy efficiency measures are found to be significant and can contribute to the efforts for the achievement of sustainable maritime transport undertaken by international and regional organisations. The main barriers for the adoption of voluntary sustainability initiatives in the maritime sector are economic and technological. To encourage the wider adoption of these initiatives, the provision of economic incentives at national or regional level is crucial, as such initiatives usually imply high initial installation costs that should be somehow compensated for both vessels and terminals.
Maturation of the functional mouse CRES amyloid from globular form
Authors: Hewetson Aveline , Khan Nazmul H. , Dominguez Matthew J. , Do Hoa Quynh , Kusko R. E. , Borcik Collin G. , Rigden Daniel J. , Keegan Ronan M. , Sutton R. Bryan , Latham Michael P. , Wylie Benjamin J. , Cornwall Gail A. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Some amyloids are functional in the normal physiology of cells. Of these, several have been found in complex amyloid matrices that are composed of multiple amyloidogenic precursors. Here we trace the lifecycle of the mouse CRES (cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic) protein, a functional amyloidogenic precursor and component of a complex amyloid matrix in the epididymis, as it progresses from monomeric folded protein to an advanced amyloid. We discovered that CRES amyloid formation may involve β-sheet assemblies generated by two distinct mechanisms: those formed by a flexible CRES loop and those formed by domain swapping. These mechanisms would provide multiple contact surfaces for further β-sheet assemblies with neighboring proteins resulting in sophisticated quaternary structures which may be integral for biological function.
Ferromagnetic behavior of native point defects and vacancy-clusters in ZnO studied by first principle calculation
Authors: Luo Cai-Qin , Zhu Si-Cong , Lam Chi-Hang , Ling Francis Chi-Chung 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The origin of room temperature ferromagnetism in undoped ZnO is still a question of debate. Experimental and theoretical findings are inconclusive as to the predominant contributor for the magnetic behavior of undoped ZnO. First principle calculation pseudopotential method was used to systematically determine the relaxed atomic geometry, the formation energies and the magnetic properties of the native point defects (vacancies, interstitials and antisites), and vacancy clusters (VZnVO, VZn − 2VO and 2VZn − VO) in ZnO. The results show that ZnO cells consisting of the VZn and the Oi have non-zero magnetic moments, energetically favoring ferromagnetic states and close-to-room-temperature Curie temperatures (294 K). VZn and Oi are also characterized by their low formation energies, in particular in the case of n-type (i.e. Fermi level close to the conduction band minimum) and O-rich conditions. The energy differences between the ferromagnetic state and anti-ferromagnetic state for VZn and Oi are larger than kT at room temperature but still relatively small (∼34 meV). Although VZn and Oi would contribute for the room temperature ferromagnetism, the ferromagnetism states would not be robustly stable for thermal excitation to the anti-ferromagnetic states.
NaxWO3 + TiO2 nanocomposites as plasmonic photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes
Authors: Tegg Levi , Keast Vicki J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The combination of plasmonic metal nanostructures with semiconductor photocatalysts can improve their photocatalytic efficiency by increasing light absorption and aiding in charge separation. Metallic Na
x
WO3 has been shown to be strongly plasmonic and offers a readily synthesized and low-cost replacement for the noble metals which are conventionally used in plasmonic photocatalysts. In this work, a range of Na
x
WO3 + TiO2 nanocomposites were fabricated. Composites containing both semiconducting (x < 0.25) and metallic (x > 0.25) Na
x
WO3 were prepared. The degradation of rhodamine 6G (R6G) under visible and near infrared (NIR) light illumination was observed only when Na
x
WO3 and TiO2 were both present in the composite. Photocatalytic activity was generally higher in metallic samples than in semiconducting ones, but the sample with the highest activity had a mixture of both. This suggests that a combination of interband transitions and plasmonics-enhanced processes can be used together to catalyse reactions.
Implementation of order sets for opioid alternatives in community hospital emergency departments
Authors: Netley Jared , Armstrong William , Meeks Sarah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The design and implementation of alternatives to opioids (ALTO) order sets for the treatment of acute pain in a community health system’s emergency departments are described.

Summary
Healthcare institutions nationwide have incorporated policies and procedures to assist prescribers in the safe and effective management of pain. These adopted approaches may be targeted at mitigating opioid prescribing as well as promoting the optimization of nonopioid analgesics. Institutions that enact innovations and track outcomes may be eligible for reimbursement through the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ Merit-based Incentive Payment System. Emergency departments may monitor implementation progress and outcomes through participation in the American College of Emergency Physician’s Emergency Quality Network. Clinical pharmacists were tasked with assisting an institution’s emergency departments to create and implement two order sets containing ALTO analgesics and supportive medications for atraumatic headache and general acute pain management. Key steps of order set implementation included collaborative development with emergency department providers, implementation with information services, and the development of provider-focused education by project pharmacists. The implementation of ALTO order sets has set the foundation for expansion of pain control protocols and algorithms within our institution. Furthermore, the approach detailed in this article can be adapted and implemented by other healthcare systems to help reduce opioid prescribing.

Conclusion
The implementation of ALTO order sets within an electronic health record can encourage decreased prescribing of opioids for the treatment of acute pain, promote and optimize dosing of nonopioid analgesics, and may augment reimbursement for services in the emergency department.
Proteome-wide data analysis reveals tissue-specific network associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Feng Li , Yin Yuan-Yuan , Liu Cong-Hui , Xu Ke-Ren , Li Qing-Run , Wu Jia-Rui , Zeng Rong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
For patients with COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the damages to multiple organs have been clinically observed. Since most of current investigations for virus–host interaction are based on cell level, there is an urgent demand to probe tissue-specific features associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Based on collected proteomic datasets from human lung, colon, kidney, liver, and heart, we constructed a virus-receptor network, a virus-interaction network, and a virus-perturbation network. In the tissue-specific networks associated with virus–host crosstalk, both common and different key hubs are revealed in diverse tissues. Ubiquitous hubs in multiple tissues such as BRD4 and RIPK1 would be promising drug targets to rescue multi-organ injury and deal with inflammation. Certain tissue-unique hubs such as REEP5 might mediate specific olfactory dysfunction. The present analysis implies that SARS-CoV-2 could affect multi-targets in diverse host tissues, and the treatment of COVID-19 would be a complex task.
Gastric conduit perforation after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy successfully treated with endoscopic vacuum therapy (E-VAC): a case report
Authors: Hetoja Selma , De Pasqual Carlo Alberto , Mengardo Valentina , Weindelmayer Jacopo , Giacopuzzi Simone 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Gastric conduit perforation is a life-threatening complication after esophagectomy and currently there is no consensus about its optimal management. Endoscopic vacuum therapy (E-VAC) is a promising technique for the treatment of leaks and perforations after upper gastro-intestinal surgery. We report the case of a 65 years-old male patient who underwent an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for esophago-gastric junction adenocarcinoma. He referred to our Emergency Department for septic shock and right hydropneumothorax. We performed an emergency thoracoscopy with intraoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy which showed a pre-pyloric perforation of the gastric conduit. The perforation was initially treated with unsuccessful primary surgical closure and subsequently by means of E-VAC, firstly placed intraluminal and then intracavitary. With the latter technique, we assisted to a progressive clinical improvement until the definitive healing of the perforation. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a gastric tube perforation after esophagectomy successfully treated with E-VAC.
First-aid Training for Combatants Without Systematic Medical Education Experience on the Battlefield: Establishment and Evaluation of the Curriculum in China
Authors: Qin Hao , Liu Daocheng , Chen Sixu , Lyv Mingrui , Yang Lei , Bao Quanwei , Zong Zhaowen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
For combatants without systematic medical education experience (CSMEE), it is necessary to participate in first-aid on the battlefield, but currently there is no effective training curriculum for CSMEE in Chinese military.

Materials and Methods
A list of first-aid techniques based on expert consensus was formed, and then a curriculum was established according to the list. The effectiveness of the curriculum was further evaluated by comparing the scores among group A (the reserve officers trained by this curriculum), group B (the reserve officers in the military medical college trained by professional medic training system), and group C (the fresh officers trained by the Outline of Military Training and Assessment of Chinese military), through a 5-station assessment in a simulated battlefield environment, which included the following 5 techniques: tourniquet for massive extremities hemorrhage, thyrocricocentesis, thoracentesis, fixation of long bone fractures, and wound dressing with hemostatic bandage.

Results
The training curriculum entitled “Implementation and Assessment Standards of First-aid Training for Combatants on the Battlefield” was established. The comparison of average scores in the 5-station assessment showed that group A had better scores than group C in tourniquet for massive extremity hemorrhage, thyrocricocentesis, and thoracentesis, with no significant differences compared with group B. Also, no significant difference between groups A and B in overall completion time and overall scores was observed, whereas an excellent candidate rate in overall score of group B was better than that of group A (87.4% vs. 80.9%, χ2 = 4.40, p = 0.036), and group A was better than group C (80.9% vs. 37.5%, χ2 = 62.01, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
The established training curriculum is indeed effective, which improved the CSMEE’s first-aid capacity on the battlefield, and is equivalent to the level of medics.
Optimizing Peripandemic Care for Veteran Major Non-Traumatic Lower Extremity Amputees: A Proposal Informed by a National Retrospective Descriptive Analysis of COVID-19 Risk Factor Prevalence
Authors: Dittman James M , Tse Wayne , Amendola Michael F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
In response to the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vascular surgeons in the Veteran Affairs Health Care System have been undertaking only essential cases, such as advanced critical limb ischemia. Surgical risk assessment in these patients is often complex, considers all factors known to impact short- and long-term outcomes, and the additional risk that COVID-19 infection could convey in this patient population is unknown. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) published risk factors (ECDC-RF) implicated in increased COVID-19 hospitalization and case-fatality which have been further evidenced by initial reports from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC reports additionally indicate that African American (AA) patients have incurred disparate infection outcomes in the United States. We set forth to survey the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP) database over a nearly 20 year span to inform ongoing risk assessment with an estimation of the prevalence of ECDC-RF in our veteran critical limb ischemia population and investigate whether an increased COVID-19 comorbidity burden exists for AA veterans presenting for major non-traumatic amputation.

Materials and Methods
The VASQIP database was queried for all above knee amputation (AKA) and below knee amputation (BKA) completed 1999–2018 after IRB approval (MIRB:#02507). Patient race and ECDC-RF including male gender, age &gt; 60 years, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and cardiovascular disease were recorded from preoperative patient history. AKA and BKA cohorts were compared via χ2-test with Yates correction or unpaired t-test and a subgroup analysis was conducted between AA and all other race patients for COVID-19 comorbidities in each cohort.

Results
VASQIP query returned 50,083 total entries. Average age was 65.1 ± 10.4 years and 68.2 ± 10.5 years for BKA and AKA cohorts, respectively, (P &lt; .0001) and nearly all patients were male (99%). At least one ECDC-RF comorbidity was present in 25,526 (88.7%) of BKA and 17,558 (82.4%) of AKA patients (P &lt; .0001). AA BKA patients were significantly more likely than non-AA BKA patients to present with at least one ECDC-RF comorbidity (P = .01).

Conclusions
According to a large national Veterans Affairs database, there are high rates of ECDC-RF in veteran amputees. During the present crisis, management of these patients should incorporate telehealth, expedient discharge, and ongoing COVID-19 transmission precautions.
Salvinia-like slippery surface with stable and mobile water/air contact line
Authors: Li Xiaomei , Yang Jinlong , Lv Kaixuan , Papadopoulos Periklis , Sun Jing , Wang Dehui , Zhao Yanhua , Chen Longquan , Wang Dapeng , Wang Zuankai , Deng Xu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces are widely used in many industrial settings, and mainly consist of rough solid protrusions that entrap air to minimize the liquid/solid area. The stability of the superhydrophobic state favors relatively small spacing between protrusions. However, this in turn increases the lateral adhesion force that retards the mobility of drops. Here we propose a novel approach that optimizes both properties simultaneously. Inspired by the hydrophobic leaves of Salvinia molesta and the slippery Nepenthes pitcher plants, we designed a Salvinia-like slippery surface (SSS) consisting of protrusions with slippery heads. We demonstrate that compared to a control surface, the SSS exhibits increased stability against pressure and impact, and enhanced lateral mobility of water drops as well as reduced hydrodynamic drag. We also systematically investigate the wetting dynamics on the SSS. With its easy fabrication and enhanced performance, we envision that SSS will be useful in a variety of fields in industry.
IX The Seventeenth Century: Part I
Authors: Baker William , Gwynn Lucy , Doelman James , James Anne , Mroz Matthew 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter follows the pattern of last year’s by combining what previously were Chapter IX, focusing on the earlier seventeenth century, and Chapter X, ‘Milton and Poetry 1603–1660’. Some of the content transcends historical dates and covers material from the latter half of the seventeenth century too, in other words, the long seventeenth century. There are seven sections: 1. General; 2. Bacon; 3. Browne; 4. Burton; 5. Herbert; 6. Donne; 7. Milton. Sections 1, 2, and 4 are by William Baker; section 3 is by Lucy Gwynn; section 5 is by James Doelman; section 6 is by Anne James; section 7 is by Matthew Mroz.
Nonoperating room anesthesia for patients with serious comorbidities
Authors: Pöyhiä Reino 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
To provide aids to deal with increasing amount of several comorbidities in nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA).

Recent findings
New indexes for assessment of comorbidities are described and guidelines for the care of patients with obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes and COVID19 in NORA summarized.

Summary
In addition to ASA classification, such instruments as Charlson Comorbidity Index, Frailty Index, Surgical Complexity Score and Revised Cardiac Risk could supplement the prospective assessment of the risk of comorbidities. Using institutional protocols patients with significant obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, COPD, diabetes and COVID19 can be safely cared in NORA. However, the individual functioning and the severity are more important than only the number of diseases.