bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting responses of black fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) to experimental whole‐stream warming
Authors: Nelson Daniel , Benstead Jonathan P. , Huryn Alexander D. , Cross Wyatt F. , Hood James M. , Johnson Philip W. , Junker James R. , Gíslason Gísli M. , Ólafsson Jón S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

As global temperatures continue to rise, assessment of how species within ecological communities respond to shifts in temperature has become increasingly important. However, such assessments require detailed long‐term observations or ecosystem‐level manipulations that allow for interactions among species and the potential for species dispersal and exchange with the regional species pool.

We examined the effects of experimental whole‐stream warming on a larval black fly assemblage in southwest Iceland. We used a paired‐catchment design, in which we studied the warmed stream and a nearby reference stream for 1 year prior to warming and 2 years during warming and estimated population abundance, biomass, secondary production, and growth rates for larvae of three black fly species.

Experimental warming by 3.8°C had contrasting effects on the three black fly species in the assemblage. The abundance, biomass, growth, and production of Prosimulium ursinum decreased in the experimental stream during the warming manipulation. Despite increasing in the reference stream, the abundance, biomass, and production of another species, Simulium vernum, decreased in the experimental stream during warming.

In contrast, warming had an overall positive effect on Simulium vittatum. While warming had little effect on the growth of overwintering cohorts of S. vittatum, warming led to an additional cohort during the summer months and increased its abundance, biomass, and production. Overall, family‐level production was enhanced by warming, despite variation in species‐level responses.

Our study illustrates that the effects of climate warming are likely to differ even among closely related species. Moreover, our study highlights the need for further investigation into the uneven effects of warming on individual species and how those variable effects influence food web dynamics and ecosystem function.
The potential utility of carotenoid‐based coloration as a biomonitor of environmental change
Authors: Peneaux Chloe , Hansbro Philip M. , Griffin Andrea S. 
Published: July 2020

In the past 30 years, carotenoid‐based animal signals have been an intense focus of research because they can potentially broadcast an honest reflection of individual reproductive potential. Our understanding of the underpinning physiological functions of carotenoid compounds is still emerging, however. Here, we argue that wildlife researchers and managers interested in assessing the impact of environmental quality on animal populations should be taking advantage of the signalling function of carotenoid‐based morphological traits. Using birds as a model taxonomic group, we build our argument by first reviewing the strong evidence that the expression of avian carotenoid displays provides an integrated measure of a multitude of diet‐ and health‐related parameters. We then present evidence that human‐induced rapid environmental change (HIREC) impacts the expression of carotenoid signals across different critical periods of a bird’s lifetime. Finally, we argue that variation in signal expression across individuals, populations and species could be quantified relatively easily at a global scale by incorporating such measurements into widespread bird ringing activities. Monitoring the expression of carotenoid‐based coloration could help to identify how the environmental factors linked to HIREC can affect avian populations and allow for potentially detrimental effects on biodiversity to be detected prior to demographic change.
A longitudinal study of multiple lifestyle health risk behaviours among nursing students and non‐nursing peers
Authors: Kritsotakis George , Georgiou Evangelos D. , Karakonstandakis Georgios , Kaparounakis Nikos , Pitsouni Vasiliki , Sarafis Pavlos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this paper is to compare the evolution of health risk behaviours between undergraduate nursing and social work students.BackgroundNursing includes the promotion of health and the shaping of healthy behaviours. An important determinant for providing lifestyle advice is the lifestyle of nurses themselves.DesignLongitudinal comparative study.MeasurementsWe compared lifestyle risk behaviours (binge drinking, cannabis/hashish/marijuana use, smoking, oral hygiene/toothbrushing, breakfast/fruit/vegetable consumption, physical activity and screen time/sedentary behaviours) using a self‐administered standardized questionnaire in nursing (n = 121) and social work (n = 140) students at the beginning (2012) and the end of their studies (2015). Adjusted multivariable logistic/Poisson regression models were performed.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the departments in most risk factors in both assessments. However, in relation to their first year, both nursing and social work students displayed higher relative risk of engaging in more behavioural risk factors at the end of their studies (in delivery/junk food consumption, sunburns, hashish/marijuana use and multiple sexual partners). Social work students displayed better behaviours in physical activity and breakfast intake.ConclusionNursing students share the patterns of their nonnursing peers in behavioural risk factors compromising their future health and health‐promoting role. We need strategies to safeguard the professional nursing practice.
Bilateral reduction mammaplasty with pulsed electron avalanche knife PlasmaBlade™ and conventional electrosurgical surgery: A retrospective, randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Schlosshauer Torsten , Kiehlmann Marcus , Rothenberger Jens , Sader Robert , Rieger Ulrich M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWound‐healing disorders are common complications in bilateral reduction mammaplasty. Traditional electrosurgical devices generate large amounts of thermal energy, often causing extensive thermal‐related collateral tissue damage. This study aimed to retrospectively analyse the operative performance of a novel low‐thermal plasma dissection device (pulsed electron avalanche knife—PEAK PlasmaBlade™) compared with traditional electrosurgery. Twenty patients with breast hypertrophy were randomly treated with PEAK PlasmaBlade™ on one breast and conventional electrosurgery on the other. Primary outcome measures were resection weight, drain duration, total drainage volume, and drain output on the first postoperative day. Breasts treated with PEAK PlasmaBlade™ had significantly higher resection weights (728.0 ± 460.1 g vs 661.6 ± 463.4 g; P = .038), significantly lower drain output on the first postoperative day (15.9 ± 15.2 mL vs 27.6 ± 23.5 mL; P = .023), and significantly lower drain durations (2.8 ± 1.0 days vs 3.3 ± 1.0 days; P = .030). Mean total drainage volume was lower where breast reduction was performed with PEAK PlasmaBlade™, but this difference was not significant. No major complications occurred, but wound‐healing disorders were documented in almost one‐third of the patients (35.0%, n = 7). The PEAK PlasmaBlade™ seems to be superior to conventional electrosurgery for bilateral reduction mammaplasty in terms of tissue damage and wound healing.
Byakangelicin protects against carbon tetrachloride–induced liver injury and fibrosis in mice
Authors: Li Xiaohe , Shao Shuaibo , Li Hailong , Bi Zhun , Zhang Shanshan , Wei Yiying , Bai Jiakun , Zhang Ruotong , Ma Xiaoyang , Ma Bowei , Zhang Liang , Xie Chunfeng , Ning Wen , Zhou Honggang , Yang Cheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLiver fibrosis is a disease caused by long‐term damage that is related to a number of factors. The current research on the treatment of liver fibrosis mainly focuses on the activation of hepatic stellate cell, in addition to protecting liver cells. byakangelicin has certain anti‐inflammatory ability, but its effect on liver fibrosis is unclear. This study aims to explore whether byakangelicin plays a role in the development of liver fibrosis and to explore its mechanism. We determined that byakangelicin has a certain ability to resist fibrosis and reduce liver cell damage in a model of carbon tetrachloride–induced liver fibrosis in mice. Thereafter, we performed further verification in vitro. The signalling pathways of two important pro‐fibrotic cytokines, transforming growth factor‐β and platelet‐derived growth factor, were studied. Results showed that byakangelicin can inhibit related pathways. According to the hepatoprotective effect of byakangelicin observed in animal experiments, we studied the effect of byakangelicin on 4‐HNE–induced hepatocyte (HepG2) apoptosis and explored its related pathways. The results showed that byakangelicin could attenuate 4‐HNE–induced hepatocyte apoptosis via inhibiting ASK‐1/JNK signalling. In conclusion, byakangelicin could improve carbon tetrachloride–induced liver fibrosis and liver injury by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell proliferation and activation and suppressing hepatocyte apoptosis.
Fractional excretion of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 in patients with type 2 diabetes and normal renal function
Authors: Gohda Tomohito , Kamei Nozomu , Kubota Mitsunobu , Tanaka Kanako , Yamashita Yoshinori , Sakuma Hiroko , Kishida Chiaki , Adachi Eri , Koshida Takeo , Murakoshi Maki , Hagiwara Shinji , Funabiki Kazuhiko , Ueda Seiji , Suzuki Yusuke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionIncreased concentrations of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors (TNFRs; TNFR1 and TNFR2) are positively associated with the urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR), and negatively associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying this increase and the relationship between TNFRs in serum, and urine and kidney measures (ACR and eGFR) are unclear.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study that included 499 patients with type 2 diabetes and eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The concentrations of TNFRs in serum and urine, and their respective fractional excretion, were measured.ResultsSerum and urinary TNFR levels were positively associated with the ACR, and negatively associated with the eGFR. The fractional excretion of TNFRs did not differ between patients with an eGFR ≥90 and those with an eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2, and also did not correlate with eGFR. After adjustment for relevant covariates, the serum TNFRs were associated with a lower eGFR (60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2) and an increased ACR (≥30 mg/gCr), but urinary TNFRs were associated with an increased ACR (≥30 mg/gCr) alone, in the multivariate logistic model.ConclusionsThe pattern of fractional excretion TNFRs showed that an increase in serum TNFRs might result from their increased systemic production, including in the kidney, rather than being a simple reflection of GFR decline. Kidney measures appear to be strongly associated with serum TNFRs rather than urinary TNFRs in patients with type 2 diabetes and normal renal function.
Parental readiness for hospital discharge as a mediator between quality of discharge teaching and parental self‐efficacy in parents of preterm infants
Authors: Hua Wenzhe , Yuwen Weichao , Simoni Jane M , Yan Jie , Jiang Liping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the extent to which parental readiness for hospital discharge mediates the relationship between quality of discharge teaching and parental self‐efficacy in parents of preterm infants.BackgroundParental readiness for hospital discharge and self‐efficacy should be considered to establish whether preterm infants and their families are prepared for the discharge. High‐quality discharge teaching could facilitate a smooth discharge transition. However, little is known about how quality of discharge teaching influences parental readiness for hospital discharge and self‐efficacy.DesignThis was a descriptive cross‐sectional study of 202 parents with preterm infants in a tertiary hospital in Eastern China.MethodsThe key variables of interest were measured using the Chinese versions of the Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale, Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale‐Parent Form, and Preterm Parenting and Self‐Efficacy Checklist. Path analyses were conducted to test the mediation models. STROBE checklist was used to compile the study's report.ResultsParental readiness for discharge (overall and knowledge dimension) partially mediated the relationship between the quality of discharge teaching and parental self‐efficacy. The two dimensions (content received and delivery) of quality of discharge teaching positively influenced parental self‐efficacy by improving parental readiness for discharge.ConclusionsParental readiness for hospital discharge, especially the knowledge dimension, was an important factor in quality of discharge teaching's association with self‐efficacy in parents of preterm infants. Improving the quality of discharge teaching could increase parental readiness for discharge and thus promote parental self‐efficacy.Relevance to clinical practiceImproving discharge instructions is essential to help parents of preterm infants prepare for the transition to home care. Assessing readiness and confidence at an early stage and continuing to do so throughout the hospital stay may provide additional ways for nurses to identify parents’ knowledge gaps and to provide tailored interventions at more opportune times before hospital discharge.
Spiritual care provision to end‐of‐life patients: A systematic literature review
Authors: Batstone Elizabeth , Bailey Cara , Hallett Nutmeg 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo develop an understanding of how nurses provide spiritual care to terminally ill patients in order to develop best practice.BackgroundPatients approaching the end of life (EoL) can experience suffering physically, emotionally, socially and spiritually. Nurses are responsible for assessing these needs and providing holistic care, yet are given little implementable, evidence‐based guidance regarding spiritual care. Nurses internationally continue to express inadequacy in assessing and addressing the spiritual domain, resulting in spiritual care being neglected or relegated to the pastoral team.DesignSystematic literature review, following PRISMA guidelines.MethodsNineteen electronic databases were systematically searched and papers screened. Quality was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist, and deductive thematic analysis, with a priori themes, was conducted.Results Eleven studies provided a tripartite understanding of spiritual caregiving within the a priori themes: Nursing Spirit (a spiritual holistic ethos); the Soul of Care (the nurse–patient relationship); and the Body of Care (nurse care delivery). Ten of the studies involved palliative care nurses.ConclusionNurses who provide spiritual care operate from an integrated holistic worldview, which develops from personal spirituality, life experience and professional practice of working with the dying. This worldview, when combined with advanced communication skills, shapes a relational way of spiritual caregiving that extends warmth, love and acceptance, thus enabling a patient's spiritual needs to surface and be resolved.Relevance to clinical practiceQuality spiritual caregiving requires time for nurses to develop: the personal, spiritual and professional skills that enable spiritual needs to be identified and redressed; nurse–patient relationships that allow patients to disclose and co‐process these needs. Supportive work environments underpin such care. Further research is required to define spiritual care across all settings, outside of hospice, and to develop guidance for those involved in EoL care delivery.
Association between plant-based diets and blood pressure in the INTERMAP study
Authors: Aljuraiban Ghadeer , Chan Queenie , Gibson Rachel , Stamler Jeremiah , Daviglus Martha L , Dyer Alan R , Miura Katsuyuki , Wu Yangfeng , Ueshima Hirotsugu , Zhao Liancheng , Van Horn Linda , Elliott Paul , Oude Griep Linda M 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPlant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases; however, little is known how the healthiness of the diet may be associated with blood pressure (BP). We aimed to modify three plant -based diet indices: overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI) according to country-specific dietary guidelines to enable use across populations with diverse dietary patterns – and assessed their associations with BP.DesignWe used cross-sectional data including 4,680 men and women ages 40–59y in Japan, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States from the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP). During four visits, eight BP measurements, and four 24-h dietary recalls were collected. Multivariable regression coefficients were estimated, pooled, weighted, and adjusted extensively for lifestyle/dietary confounders.ResultsModified PDI was not associated with BP. Consumption of hPDI higher by 1SD was inversely associated with systolic (-0.82 mm Hg;95% CI:-1.32,-0.49) and diastolic BP (-0.49 mm Hg; 95% CI:-0.91, -0.28). In contrast, consumption of an uPDI was directly associated with systolic (0.77 mm Hg;95% CI:0.30,1.20). Significant associations between hPDI with BP were attenuated with separate adjustment for vegetables and whole grains; associations between uPDI and BP were attenuated after adjustment for refined grains, sugar-sweetened beverages, and meat.ConclusionAn hPDI is associated with lower BP while a uPDI is adversely related to BP. Plant-based diets rich in vegetables and whole grains and limited in refined grains, sugar-sweetened beverages, and total meat may contribute to these associations. In addition to current guidelines, the nutritional quality of consumed plant foods is as important as limiting animal-based components.Trial registration numberThe observational INTERMAP study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov asNCT00005271.
Genomic Binding Patterns of Forkhead Box Protein O1 Reveal Its Unique Role in Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Pfleger Jessica , Coleman Ryan C. , Ibetti Jessica , Roy Rajika , Kyriazis Ioannis D. , Gao Erhe , Drosatos Konstantinos , Koch Walter J. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Cardiac hypertrophic growth is mediated by robust changes in gene expression and changes that underlie the increase in cardiomyocyte size. The former is regulated by RNA polymerase II (pol II) de novo recruitment or loss; the latter involves incremental increases in the transcriptional elongation activity of pol II that is preassembled at the transcription start site. The differential regulation of these distinct processes by transcription factors remains unknown. Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) is an insulin-sensitive transcription factor that is also regulated by hypertrophic stimuli in the heart. However, the scope of its gene regulation remains unexplored.

Methods:

To address this, we performed FoxO1 chromatin immunoprecipitation–deep sequencing in mouse hearts after 7 days of isoproterenol injections (3 mg·kg
−1
·mg
−1
), transverse aortic constriction, or vehicle injection/sham surgery.

Results:

Our data demonstrate increases in FoxO1 chromatin binding during cardiac hypertrophic growth, which positively correlate with extent of hypertrophy. To assess the role of FoxO1 on pol II dynamics and gene expression, the FoxO1 chromatin immunoprecipitation–deep sequencing results were aligned with those of pol II chromatin immunoprecipitation–deep sequencing across the chromosomal coordinates of sham- or transverse aortic constriction–operated mouse hearts. This uncovered that FoxO1 binds to the promoters of 60% of cardiac-expressed genes at baseline and 91% after transverse aortic constriction. FoxO1 binding is increased in genes regulated by pol II de novo recruitment, loss, or pause-release. In vitro, endothelin-1– and, in vivo, pressure overload–induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth is prevented with FoxO1 knockdown or deletion, which was accompanied by reductions in inducible genes, including
Comtd1
in vitro and
Fstl1
and
Uck2
in vivo.

Conclusions:
Together, our data suggest that FoxO1 may mediate cardiac hypertrophic growth via regulation of pol II de novo recruitment and pause-release; the latter represents the majority (59%) of FoxO1-bound, pol II–regulated genes after pressure overload. These findings demonstrate the breadth of transcriptional regulation by FoxO1 during cardiac hypertrophy, information that is essential for its therapeutic targeting.
Improved Length Scales for Turbulence Kinetic Energy–Based Planetary Boundary Layer Scheme for the Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Zhou Bowen , Li Yuhuan , Zhu Kefeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBased on a priori analysis of large-eddy simulations (LESs) of the convective atmospheric boundary layer, improved turbulent mixing and dissipation length scales are proposed for a turbulence kinetic energy (TKE)-based planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme. The turbulent mixing length incorporates surface similarity and TKE constraints in the surface layer, and makes adjustments for lateral entrainment effects in the mixed layer. The dissipation length is constructed based on balanced TKE budgets accounting for shear, buoyancy, and turbulent mixing. A nongradient term is added to the TKE flux to correct for nonlocal turbulent mixing of TKE. The improved length scales are implemented into a PBL scheme, and are tested with idealized single-column convective boundary layer (CBL) cases. Results exhibit robust applicability across a broad CBL stability range, and are in good agreement with LES benchmark simulations. It is then implemented into a community atmospheric model and further evaluated with 3D real-case simulations. Results of the new scheme are of comparable quality to three other well-established PBL schemes. Comparisons between simulated and radiosonde-observed profiles show favorable performance of the new scheme on a clear day.