bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palynological characteristics of selected Lamioideae taxa and its taxonomic significance
Authors: Gul Saba , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Bahadur Saraj , Zaman Wajid , Ayaz Asma , Shuaib Muhammad , Butt Maryam Akram , Ullah Fazal , Saqib Saddam , Nizamani Mir Muhammad , Urooj Zara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLamioideae comprised the second‐largest subfamily in Lamiaceae. Although considerable progress has recently been made in the taxonomic study of Lamioideae, the subfamily remains one of the most poorly investigated subfamily in Lamiaceae. Therefore, the present study was designed with the aim to document the pollen micromorphology of some selected Lamioideae taxa and its taxonomic significance from Pakistan. Pollen micromorphological features were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains are monad, tricolpate, radially/bilateral symmetrical. The pollen grains were small to medium‐sized having oblate, oblate/subspheroidal, and subspheroidal shape. Exine sculpturing was observed as reticulate, microreticulate, and bireticulate. The colpus surface ornamentation was found as verrucate, gemmate, scabrate, and psilate. There was a considerable variation between the species in the micromorphology, that is, the coarseness of the reticulum, thickness of the muri comprising the reticulum and the number of secondary lumina per primary lumen. Hence, this study documented the pollen morphology of some selected taxa of the subfamily Lamioideae from Pakistan and strengthens the taxonomic identification of subfamily based on pollen characters, which helps in the correct identification, discrimination of the species of Lamioideae at generic and species level.
Comparative morphological study of the oropharyngeal floor of squabs and adult domestic pigeons (Columba liviadomestica)
Authors: Mahdy Mohamed A. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current study compared the morphological features of the oropharyngeal floor of squabs and adult domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Samples from the oropharyngeal floor of both squabs and adult pigeons were collected directly after slaughtering. The collected samples were examined grossly, morphometrically, and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lower beak had triangular shape with pointed rostral end. The tongue did not fill the entire oral floor in squabs as well as adult pigeons. The lingual apex of squabs had a small lingual nail while that of the adult pigeons had a well‐developed lingual nail. The lingual body was separated from the lingual root by a transverse papillary crest, which was “V” shaped in squabs but “U”‐shaped in adult pigeons. Filiform papillae were distributed on the dorsal surface of lingual apex, as well as, body, but were absent on the root. The lingual root presented fine elevations and low projections in squabs and adult pigeons, respectively. On the other hand, the tongue of adult pigeons had larger number of the lingual salivary glands openings compared to that of squabs. In addition, the edges of the glottis had numerous small projections in squabs bur presented large dome‐shaped papillae in adult pigeons. Moreover, adult pigeons had longer pharyngeal papillae at pharyngoesophageal junction than those of squabs. In conclusion, these variations suggest that adult pigeons adapted well to their diet, which might reflect higher efficiency of food prehension
Real‐world evidence of systemic treatment practices for biliary tract cancer in Japan: Results of a database study
Authors: Ueno Makoto , Shirakawa Sachiyo , Tokumaru Jumpei , Ogi Mizue , Nishida Kenichiro , Hirai Takehiro , Shinozaki Kenta , Hamada Yoko , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Horiguchi Akihiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo describe the real‐world treatment patterns of systemic therapies for biliary tract cancer (BTC) and to examine the frequency and management of biliary infection in Japan.MethodsPatients diagnosed with BTC and prescribed systemic therapy between January 2011 and September 2020 were retrieved from the Japanese Medical Data Vision database. The look‐back period was set to 5 years. Patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and biliary infection‐induced treatment interruption were analyzed.ResultsThe full analysis set comprised 22 742 patients with a mean age of 71.0 years and 61.6% were male. The most common BTC type was extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (44.6%). The three most common first‐line regimens were S‐1 monotherapy (33.0%), gemcitabine+cisplatin (32.5%), and gemcitabine monotherapy (18.7%) over the entire observation period (January 2011–September 2021). Patients who received monotherapies tended to be older. Biliary infection‐induced treatment interruption occurred in 29.5% of patients, with a median time to onset of 64.0 (interquartile range 29.0–145.0) days. The median duration of intravenous antibiotics was 12.0 (interquartile range 4.0–92.0) days.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated potential challenges of BTC in Japanese clinical practice particularly use of multiple regimens, commonly monotherapies, which are not recommended as first‐line treatment, and the management of biliary infections during systemic therapy.
Recent progress in study of circRNAs and its role in leukemia
Authors: Fu Lei , Tang Doudou , Sun Ailian , Zhu Dengqin , Zhang Guangsen , Wang Yewei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of newly identified noncoding RNA and are considered as a new feature of eukaryotic gene expression. Hundreds of thousands of endogenous circRNAs have been found in mammalian cells, which we knew little before. CircRNAs are covalently closed, circular RNA molecules that typically comprise exonic sequences and are spliced at canonical splice sites. Researchers with RNA-Seq technology have identified that the expression of circRNAs is developmentally regulated, tissue- and cell-type specific. Like long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circRNAs are becoming a new research hotspot in the RNA field, and aberrant expression of circRNAs could contribute to carcinogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that circRNAs play important roles in the development, maintenance, and progression of leukemia. Herein, we describe the biologic characteristics and functions of circRNAs, with a focus on circRNAs that play essential roles in leukemia.
Performance of the Attenuation Imaging Technology in the Detection of Liver Steatosis
Authors: Ferraioli Giovanna , Maiocchi Laura , Savietto Giovanni , Tinelli Carmine , Nichetti Mara , Rondanelli Mariangela , Calliada Fabrizio , Preda Lorenzo , Filice Carlo 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThe main aim was to assess the performance and cutoff value for the detection of liver steatosis (grade S > 0) with the Attenuation Imaging–Penetration (ATI‐Pen) algorithm available on the Aplio i‐series ultrasound systems (Canon Medical Systems, Otawara, Japan). The magnetic resonance imaging–derived proton density fat fraction (MRI‐PDFF) was used as the reference standard. Secondary aims were to compare the results to those obtained with the previous ATI algorithm (Attenuation Imaging–General [ATI‐Gen]) and with the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and to generate a regression equation between ATI‐Pen and ATI‐Gen values.MethodsConsecutive adult patients potentially at risk of liver steatosis were prospectively enrolled. Each patient underwent ultrasound quantification of liver steatosis with ATI‐Pen and ATI‐Gen and a CAP assessment with the FibroScan system (Echosens, Paris, France). The MRI‐PDFF evaluation was performed within a week. The correlations between ATI‐Pen, ATI‐Gen, the CAP, and the MRI‐PDFF were analyzed with the Pearson rank correlation coefficient. The diagnostic performance of ATI‐Pen, ATI‐Gen, and the CAP was assessed with receiver operating characteristic curves and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis.ResultsSeventy‐two individuals (31 male and 41 female) were enrolled. Correlation coefficients of ATI‐Pen, ATI‐Gen, and the CAP with the MRI‐PDFF were 0.78, 0.83, and 0.58, respectively. The AUROCs of ATI‐Pen, ATI‐Gen, and the CAP for detecting steatosis (S > 0) were 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.81–0.96), 0.92 (0.82–0.98), and 0.85 (0.74–0.92), and the cutoffs were greater than 0.69 dB/cm/MHz, greater than 0.62 dB/cm/MHz, and greater than 273 dB/m. The regression equation between ATI‐Pen and ATI‐Gen was ATI‐Pen = 0.88 ATI‐Gen + 0.13.ConclusionsAttenuation Imaging is a reliable tool for detecting liver steatosis, showing an excellent correlation with the MRI‐PDFF and high performance with AUROCs of 0.90 or higher.
Gaps, Controversies, and Proposed Roadmap for Research in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Fasano Alfonso , Espay Alberto J. , Tang‐Wai David F. , Wikkelsö Carsten , Krauss Joachim K. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIdiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus is considered common but remains underinvestigated. There are no uniformly accepted diagnostic criteria and therapeutic guidelines. We summarize the accumulated evidence regarding the definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, highlighting the many gaps and controversies, including diagnostic challenges, the frequent association with neurodegeneration and vascular disease, and the many unknowns regarding patient selection and outcome predictors. A roadmap to fill these gaps and solve the controversies around this condition is also proposed. More evidence is required with respect to diagnostic criteria, the value of ancillary testing, prospective population‐based studies and novel trial designs. Furthermore, a need exists to develop new advanced options in shunt technology. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Screening of germline mutations in young Rwandan patients with breast cancers
Authors: Uyisenga Jeanne P. , Segers Karin , Lumaka Aimé Z. , Mugenzi Pacifique , Fasquelle Corinne , Boujemila Bouchra , Josse Claire , Mutesa Leon , Bours Vincent 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Sub‐Saharan Africa breast cancer is commonly detected at younger age and the profile is more aggressive with a high mortality rate compared to the European countries. It is suggested that African‐specific genetic background plays a key role in this matter. The present study aimed at understanding the role of genetic factors in breast cancer development in young Rwandan.MethodsWe performed a massive parallel sequencing on Illumina MiSeq NGS system for the screening of 26 genes associated with hereditary breast cancer from 40 patients under 35 years old from two University Teaching Hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm pathogenic and likely pathogenic mutations.ResultsFive patients out of 40 (12.5%) presented with pathogenic mutations including four patients (10%) carrying BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogenic variants. One patient showed a missense likely pathogenic TP53 variant. We have also detected additional missense, intronic, and 3’UTR variants of unknown significance in all study participants.ConclusionThis preliminary study suggests that the frequency of germline mutations in young Rwandan patients with breast cancer is similar to the observations made in Caucasians. However, further large studies including patients and controls are needed to better understand the impact of genetic factors as well as the environmental risk factors in the development of breast cancer in young Rwandans.
Probabilistically shaped amplitude and pulse position modulation based on stepped amplitude probability distribution for optical access networks
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Liu Bo , Mao Yaya , Ren Jianxin , Xu Xing , Wu Xiangyu , Song Xiumin , Jiang Lei , Han Shun , Zhao Jianye 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe propose a novel probabilistically shaped amplitude and pulse position modulation (APPM) based on stepped amplitude probability distribution for optical access networks. By adopting the probabilistic shaping (PS) technique, average signal power can be reduced and better bit error rate (BER) performance obtained. The proposed PS‐APPM scheme has been successfully verified in a 25‐km standard single‐mode fiber (SSMF). Experiment results show that at a BER of 1 × 10−3, the proposed 4 × 16 APPM‐PS1 and 4 × 16 APPM‐PS2 outperform the traditional 4 × 16 APPM by 1.54 and 2.52 dB receiver sensitivity improvement, while the proposed 8 × 8 APPM‐PS1 and 8 × 8 APPM‐PS2 excel the traditional 8 × 8 APPM by 2.1 and 3.5 dB at a BER of 1 × 10−2, suggesting the advanced nature of the proposed scheme for future optical access networks.
Performance analysis of optomechanical‐based microcantilever sensor with various geometrical shapes
Authors: Upadhyaya Anup M. , Srivastava Maneesh C. , Sharan Preeta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a performance analysis of different microcantilever shapes integrated with the optical MEMS system in different fluid mediums. Microcantilevers such as rectangular, trapezoidal, and triangle profile are coupled with optical sensing layers. Here, the concept of integration of optical sensing layer with different shapes of microcantilever is novel. The cantilever is designed and developed in CAD tools. Numerical analysis of different shapes of microcantilever was carried out with the help of Ansys Workbench. Optimal design of the regular microcantilever is considered during the analysis. The pressure is applied to the free end of the cantilever in the range of 100 to 250 kPa. The complete photonic sensing layer is analyzed with the help of an finite difference time domain (FDTD) tool called MIT Electromagnetic Equation Propagation (MEEP). The transmission spectrum is obtained for each microcantilever model. The pressure‐induced refractive index is calculated for the equivalent maximum stress generated. The result shows that a remarkable Q factor was obtained for rectangular, trapezoidal, and triangular profile microcantilevers with an optical system. Triangular and rectangular profiles have shown remarkable contribution over quality factor for air mediums such as 10 120, 1300, respectively. High pressure sensitivity of 1.92 nm/kPa was obtained for rectangular microcantilever in air. Least sensitivity of 0.16 nm/kPa was obtained for triangle microcantilever in the water medium. The proposed work successfully distinguishes various shapes of microcantilever in terms of sensitivity and Q factor. It is having tremendous application in sensing biofluids and in device miniaturization.
Low‐profile wideband dual‐circularly polarized orbital angular momentum antenna array using metasurface
Authors: Zhou Chenyu , Yang Wanchen , Xue Quan , Che Wenquan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel wideband dual‐circularly polarized orbital angular momentum (OAM) antenna array using metasurface is proposed. The proposed antenna array composed of four antenna elements generates OAM beams in a simple configuration. Each antenna element is placed perpendicularly to the adjacent one, and fed by an in‐phase excitation with equal amplitude. Each antenna element is based on corner‐truncated polarization‐rotation metasurface (PRMS) cells and excited by a dual‐feeding structure through a cross‐like slot, which can realize wideband dual circular polarization (RHCP, LHCP). The proposed antenna array produces dual‐mode OAM mode waves (l = ±1) and exhibits good dual‐circularly polarized performances in a low profile of 0.068 λ0. The measured results show wide impedance bandwidths of 30% for LHCP and 26.6% for RGCP. Also, the large axial ratio bandwidths ARBWs of the OAM antenna array are 20% for LHCP and 14% for RHCP.
A 30‐GHz low‐power CMOS LNA for 5G communication systems
Authors: Liu Jiye , Wu Liang , Zhu Zhangming , Liu Shubin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents theoretical analysis and design procedures for low noise amplifiers (LNAs) in advanced CMOS technologies. For demonstration, a 30‐GHz LNA designed for 5G millimeter‐wave communication systems was fabricated in a 65‐nm CMOS process. It provides a power gain of 22.6 dB with a noise figure of 3.2 dB while drawing 7.3 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
Pattern and polarization reconfigurable circularly polarized antenna based on two pairs of planar complementary dipoles
Authors: Yan Yang‐Dong , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Zhang Chi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA front‐to‐back pattern‐reconfigurable circularly polarized (CP) antenna based on two pairs of planar complementary dipoles with back‐to‐back configuration is presented and implemented. The 8 p‐i‐n diodes are employed into the front and back printed dipole arms. The beam direction can be switched from front‐to‐back, and the left‐right circular polarization can also be changed at each beam direction individually, in which switches are controlled by the dc bias voltage loaded on both ends of the p‐i‐n diode. A prototype operating at 5.8 GHz is then fabricated and measured. Experimental results show that the overlapped bandwidth for 10‐dB return loss and 3‐dB axial ratio of the proposed antenna are from 5.75 to 5.88 (front) and 5.74 to 5.90 GHz (back) for the two pattern states. The presented antenna can be a well choice for ISM systems, which are widely applied in handheld medical terminal and signal detection system.
A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Comparing Heterogeneity in Body Mass Responses Between Low‐Carbohydrate and Low‐Fat Diets
Authors: Smith Eleanor S. , Smith Harry A. , Betts James A. , Gonzalez Javier T. , Atkinson Greg 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveAn important notion in personalized medicine is that there is clinically relevant treatment response heterogeneity. Low‐carbohydrate (CHO) and low‐fat diets are widely adopted to reduce body mass. To compare individual differences in responses between two dietary interventions, a formal statistical comparison of response variances between study arms in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is crucial.MethodsThe change in variances in RCTs for the body mass responses to low‐CHO dietary interventions versus change variances for the low‐fat groups (typically considered as the comparator intervention) were compared. A literature search identified relevant RCTs (n = 25; 3,340 participants). The means and SDs of body mass change in low‐CHO and low‐fat study arms were extracted to calculate the variances of individual responses. These were meta‐analyzed in a random‐effects model and converted to the SD for individual responses.ResultsThe pooled SD for individual responses for body mass was 1.4 kg (95% CI: −1.1 to 2.3) with a wide 95% prediction interval of −6.3 to 10.4 kg.ConclusionsEvidence is insufficient to suggest the response heterogeneity to low‐CHO diets differs from that observed with low‐fat diets.
Myocardial Ischemia Induced by 5-Fluorouracil: A Prospective Electrocardiographic and Cardiac Biomarker Study
Authors: Dyhl-Polk Anne , Schou Morten , Vistisen Kirsten K. , Sillesen Anne-Sophie , Serup-Hansen Eva , Faber Jens , Klausen Tobias W. , Bojesen Stig E. , Vaage-Nilsen Merete , Nielsen Dorte L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Cardiotoxicity induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is well known but poorly understood. In this study, we undertook ECG recording (Holter) and analyses of the biomarkers troponin and copeptin in patients receiving 5-FU to increase our understanding of the cardiotoxicity.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods
Patients with colorectal or anal cancer that received first-time treatment with 5-FU-based chemotherapy were prospectively included. Holter recording, clinical evaluation, 12-lead electrocardiogram, and assessment of plasma concentrations of troponin I and copeptin were performed before (control) and during 5-FU treatment (intervention).

Results
A total of 108 patients were included, 82 with colorectal and 26 with anal cancer. The proportion of patients with myocardial ischemia on Holter recording was significantly higher during the first 5-FU infusion (14.1%) than before (3.7%; p = .001). The ischemic burden per day (p = .001), the number of ST depression episodes per day (p = .003), and the total duration of ischemic episodes per day (p = .003) were higher during the first 5-FU infusion than before, as was plasma copeptin (p &lt; .001), whereas plasma troponin I was similar (p &gt; 0.999). Six patients (5.6%) developed acute coronary syndromes and two (1.8%) developed symptomatic arrhythmias during 5-FU treatment.

Conclusion
5-FU infusion is associated with an increase in the number of patients with myocardial ischemia on Holter recording. According to biomarker analyses, 5-FU is associated with an increase in copeptin, but rarely with increases in cardiac troponin I. However, 5%–6% of the patients developed acute coronary syndromes during treatment with 5-FU.

Implications for Practice
Symptomatic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cardiotoxicity occurs in 0.6%–19% of patients treated with this drug, but a small electrocardiographic (Holter) study has revealed silent myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic patients, suggesting a more prevalent subclinical cardiac influence. This study demonstrated a significant increase in the number of patients with myocardial ischemia on Holter recording during 5-FU treatment and an increase in ischemic burden. Cardiac biomarker analyses suggested that 5-FU infusion results in endogenous stress (increased copeptin) but rarely induces myocyte injury (no change in troponin). These findings suggest a more prevalent cardiac influence from 5-FU and that Holter recording is an important tool in the evaluation of patients with suspected cardiotoxicity from 5-FU.
Incidence of nephrotoxicity with prolonged aminoglycoside exposure in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Saad Anasemon , Young McKenzie R. , Studtmann Anna E. , Autry Elizabeth B. , Schadler Aric , Beckman Elizabeth J. , Gardner Brian M. , Wurth Mark A. , Kuhn Robert J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) patients, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, often require repeated aminoglycoside courses for the management of acute pulmonary exacerbations (APEs). Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to aminoglycosides has been reported; little data exist regarding long‐term nephrotoxicity with repeated exposure. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of acute and chronic nephrotoxicity due to cumulative intravenous (IV) aminoglycoside exposure. This is a retrospective, observational study of pediatric and adult CF patients admitted to an academic medical center between January 1, 2006 and October 1, 2018 for APE management. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they received at least five courses of an IV aminoglycoside for at least 7 days each. Cumulative weight‐based aminoglycoside dose was reported in milligrams per kilogram. For each admission, baseline and highest serum creatinine were collected to assess the incidence of AKI. The baseline and final estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were calculated to assess long‐term effects on renal function. Sixty‐six patients, representing greater than 700 courses, were included in the final analysis. The median cumulative weight‐based aminoglycoside dose was 1183 mg/kg of tobramycin or tobramycin equivalent. Twenty percent of courses resulted in AKI; 86% were Stage 1. A repeated measure multivariate model showed colistin, piperacillin/tazobactam, vancomycin, and age were significant AKI risk factors. There was no correlation between cumulative aminoglycoside dose and change in eGFR. AKI from IV aminoglycoside exposure occurred in 20% of courses. Cumulative exposure to IV aminoglycosides in APE management was not correlated with long‐term renal dysfunction.