bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grief Reactions of Potential Organ Donors’ Bereaved Relatives: An Observational Study
Authors: Soria-Oliver María , Aramayona Begoña , López Jorge S. , Martín María J. , Martínez José M. , Sáenz Raquel , García-Sánchez Rubén 
Published: September 2020

Background
Most family members of potential organ donors experience the death of their relative in an intensive care unit. While under an emotional burden, bereaved relatives must make a decision that will affect the life of other patients. A better understanding of grief within the context of organ donation will help intensive care unit staff better support families during this process.

Objectives
To empirically describe the emotional reactions of potential organ donors’ family members facing a loved one’s death and analyze the relationship of these reactions to factors that occur in the process of illness and death.

Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted in 16 Spanish hospitals for 36 months. Data of 421 relatives of potential organ donors, collected through a previously validated instrument, included relatives’ emotional responses, deceased’s and relatives’ characteristics, circumstances of death, and behavior of health care staff.

Results
Unexpected deaths were linked to more intense emotional reactions and less acceptance of death than were anticipated deaths. Additional stressors, such as perception of poor treatment by hospital staff, perception of deficient medical care, and poor relationships among family members, were associated with stronger reactions.

Conclusions
Observation and analysis of the factors studied may help hospital staff members anticipate bereaved relatives’ emotional reactions and provide better support during the grieving process, increasing family members’ well-being and facilitating a better-informed organ donation decision.
Meat quality of Pulawska breed pigs and image of longissimus lumborum muscle microstructure compared to commercial DanBred and Naima hybrids
Authors: Kasprzyk Anna , Bogucka Joanna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The objective of this article was the evaluation of selected
properties of meat quality including the characteristics of longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle
microstructure of Pulawska breed pigs and fatteners of the DanBred and Naima
hybrids which are used in national meat production. Three genetic groups of
fatteners were studied in the experiment: group I – DanBred hybrid; group
II – Naima hybrid; and group III – the Pulawska breed. Pig fattening took
place under the same environmental conditions from the starting weight of 30 kg ± 2 kg to 103–105 kg. For the analysis of muscle fibre
characteristics and meat quality from each group, 30 animals were selected
( 1:1 ). Physico-chemical properties and ultrastructure were evaluated in
samples collected from the LL muscle. A statistically significant impact (P<0.01) of a genetic group on pH45, content of water, protein and ash, as
well as on the colour of meat, the number of STOs (slow-twitch oxidatives) and
the diameter of FTG (fast-twitch glycolytic) muscle fibres, was found. Meat of
the Pulawska breed, compared to DanBred and Naima, showed a statistically significant (P<0.01) higher (by 2.05 % and 2.49 %, respectively)
nutritional value expressed as protein content and mineral components.
Overall, these results imply better biological properties of Pulawska
meat than DanBred and Naima hybrids. The higher STO and lower FTG found in
muscles from Pulawska pigs might partially explain meat quality differences
found between the breeds in the present study. The data of the current study
indicated that meat quality characteristics and muscle microstructure of
fatteners showed differences, and these differences may be used for
alternative pork meat production for the consumer.
Comparative Literature as Transaction; or, Doing Business with the Other
Authors: López Alfred J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article begins with my experience of participating in the 2019 MLA Convention panel entitled “Transacting Comparative Studies with Other Disciplines and Units,” alongside an array of intersectional approaches to—and relationships with—the discipline's once-dominant comparative literature paradigm. The presence and prominence of such interventions both at MLA and in 2014–2015's ACLA Report on the State of the Discipline collectively suggest that comparative literature seems well past the point of concerning itself, as it still did just a decade before, with preserving seemingly quaint notions of DeManian “literariness.” These two events demonstrate what twenty-first-century comparatists have learned from the emergence of postcolonialisms, world literature, and other perceived intrusions across its intellectual borders. Over the past several decades, comparative literature programs have survived, if not thrived, by abandoning traditional national boundaries, embracing regional cultural and linguistic differences within nation-states, and advocating for the diversity of languages and literatures in the academy. This long-overdue process of shedding disciplinary boundaries has occurred less in the name of interdisciplinarity, or of diversity and inclusion, than of survival: It was the only way for comparative literature to remain viable as a department or program within today's neoliberal, enrollment-driven university. Seen in this context, the discipline's collective decision to participate in today's exponentially more diverse academy appears more pragmatic than visionary; a more interdisciplinary—and thus transactional—iteration of comparative literature may help it survive in an increasingly competitive academic marketplace.
Memory Traces: Printed Electronic Literature as a Site of Remembrance
Authors: Saum-Pascual Alex 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article analyzes Steven Hall's The Raw Shark Texts (2007) and Robert Juan-Cantavella's Otro (2001) as examples of printed electronic literature, where the use of the codex book as inscription mechanism emphasizes a previous state of digital composition. Appearing in different parts of the globe and in different languages—United Kingdom/English and Spain/Spanish correspondingly—both novels take full advantage of the computer and the Web's contexts and capabilities in order to express the existing tension between both mechanisms of production and their treatment of memory. Their engagement with technology and the remaining digital traces that are present in their print pages are read as manifestations of a deeper historical mark, a trace that engages history and the possibility of talking about a past that permeates through our present inscription mechanisms—that is, digital texts. Thus, these traces are to be read not just as media traces, but also as the trace of a history that cuts through the medium of inscription. Finally, I propose that we read new digital techniques for writing as unveiling a literary ruin, and we think of them as building upon the decomposition of the novelistic form and its legendary ways of telling and recording memory and history.
Serum proteins differentially expressed in early- and late-onset preeclampsia assessed using iTRAQ proteomics and bioinformatics analyses
Authors: Tu Chengcheng , Tao Feng , Qin Ying , Wu Mingzhu , Cheng Ji , Xie Min , Shen Bing , Ren Junjiao , Xu Xiaohong , Huang Dayan , Chen Hongbo 
Published: September 2020

Background
Preeclampsia remains a serious disorder that puts at risk the lives of perinatal mothers and infants worldwide. This study assessed potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying preeclampsia by investigating differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the serum of patients with early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE) and late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE) compared with healthy pregnant women.

Methods
Blood samples were collected from four women with EOPE, four women with LOPE, and eight women with normal pregnancies, with four women providing control samples for each preeclampsia group. Serum proteins were identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Serum proteins with differences in their levels compared with control groups of at least 1.2 fold-changes and that were also statistically significantly different between the groups at P < 0.05 were further analyzed. Bioinformatics analyses, including gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathway analyses, were used to determine the key proteins and signaling pathways associated with the development of PE and to determine those DEPs that differed between women with EOPE and those with LOPE. Key protein identified by mass spectrometry was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results
Compared with serum samples from healthy pregnant women, those from women with EOPE displayed 70 proteins that were differentially expressed with significance. Among them, 51 proteins were significantly upregulated and 19 proteins were significantly downregulated. In serum samples from women with LOPE, 24 DEPs were identified , with 10 proteins significantly upregulated and 14 proteins significantly downregulated compared with healthy pregnant women. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that DEPs in both the EOPE and LOPE groups were associated with abnormalities in the activation of the coagulation cascade and complement system as well as with lipid metabolism. In addition, 19 DEPs in the EOPE group were closely related to placental development or invasion of tumor cells. Downregulationof pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 9 (PSG9) in the LOPE group was confirmed by ELISA.

Conclusion
The pathogenesis of EOPE and LOPE appeared to be associated with coagulation cascade activation, lipid metabolism, and complement activation. However, the pathogenesis of EOPE also involved processes associated with greater placental injury. This study provided several new proteins in the serum which may be valuable for clinical diagnosis of EOPE and LOPE, and offered potential mechanisms underpinning the development of these disorders.
The Implications of Some Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Practices on Malaria Prevalence among Primary School Children in Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Danjin Mela , Adewoye Solomon O. , Sawyerr Henry O. 
Published: September 2020

Background: The sanitary state of the environment and general hygiene has long been known to play a critical role in the cause and spread of infectious diseases, be it directly or indirectly.
Objective: This study was aimed at exploring the implications of some WASH practices on the prevalence of malaria infection among school children in Gombe State, Nigeria.
Methodology: A cross sectional survey design was employed to study 745 school children (aged 6 to 15 years) who were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique from 12 public and 6 private schools in six Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the State. Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) was used to screen the children for malaria. Descriptive statistics were generated to summarize research findings while chi square statistics was used to compare proportions at 0.05 significance levels. Risks were estimated using odd ratio (OR).
Results: The mean age of the pupils was 9.96±2.26 years and slightly more than half (50.9%) of them were males while the rest (49.1%) were females. Out of the 745 subjects only 101 (13.6%) tested positive for malaria. And even though, 86.4% of them indicated availability of toilets in their residences, not all (98.6%) of them used the toilets. Slightly more than half (51.5%) of the participants dwell in houses without proper drainage while 46.7% reside in mud houses. Children from households without toilets had more than five times odds of having malaria (OR=5.230; 95% CI= 3.236-8.453, P=0.000). Furthermore, children from households that were sourcing their drinking water from streams, rivers and wells suffered more from malaria than those using portable/pipe borne water (OR=0.230, CI= 0.131-0.405, p=0.000). While children who dwelt in cement houses had less odds of malaria infection (OR=0.270, 95% CI=0.169-0.431, P=0.000), those who dwelt in houses without drainages had more than twice odds of malaria infection (OR=2.642, 95% CI= 1.671- 4.176). Again, proper waste disposal was associated with lower odds of malaria infection.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggests the existence of association between selected WASH practices and malaria prevalence among the school children. This should inform an integrated WASH and malaria advocacy as well as high level engagement with concerned authorities and communities.
Traditional Knowledge of Forest Medicinal Plants of Munduruku Indigenous People - Ipaupixuna
Authors: Oliveira Patricia Chaves de , Queiroz de Sou Beatriz Costa de Oliveira 
Published: September 2020

Aims: The traditional knowledge about the use of typical flora of forests such as the Amazon rainforest, is undoubtedly an intangible richness of indigenous populations. Recording this knowledge to value it is essential in the construction of contemporary history, especially in the present times of invasion of the Indigenous Territories. Thus, the objective of this research was to elucidate from ethnobotanical diagnoses the useful flora of Munduruku indigenous families, as a renewable and exploitable natural resource. The working hypothesis was to confirm the dependency of these local communities on the forests, while medicinal environments.
Study Design: The structure of the research was based on three moments: 1. Intervention with the human component (conducting interviews with indigenous families); 2. Intervention with the plant component (preparation of the excicatas of the cited plants and taxonomic identification); 3. Analysis of human and plant components (ethnobotanical study).
Place and Duration of Study: The research developed in a village called Ipaupixuna, whose indigenous families are from Munduruku ethnic group. The duration of the research was six (6) months.
Methodology: The analysis was characterized by Quantitative ethnobotany whose variables analyzed were Relative Frequency of Citation, Use Valour, Level of Fidelity, Relative Popularity and Rank Order Priority. The statistical analysis comprised a Linear Pearson Correlation Matrix for dimensioning the correlation between the ethnobotanical variables.
Results: The results showed rich diversity of species, with 110 plants being raised used by indigenous families in five categories: medicinal, food, crafts, construction and cosmetics. Arecaceae was the botanical family with the highest number of medicinal species. Dipteryx odorata was the specie with the highest Relative Frequency, while Plectranthus amboinicus and Caesalpinia ferrea as well as Fredericia chica presented high Use Value for the indigenous.
Conclusions: The indigenous families of Munduruku ethnic group of Tapajós river Basin studied in this research, have in the Forest and in its backyards, sources of plants for multiple uses, thus evidencing the high dependence between indigenous people and Forests. The creation of new spaces called Medicinal Forests and Ethnogardens is essential to contributing to the health safety of indigenous families.
Organoleptic and Nutritional Evaluation of Value Added Noodles from Amaranth Seed Flour
Authors: Tripathi Priyanshu , Mogra Renu 
Published: September 2020

Pseudocereals are as good as the true cereals in many aspects of nutritional value. Either substituting or supplementing the staple cereals with pseudocereals and thereby improving the nutritive value of foods are under experimentation. Amaranth, a pseudocereal possess the usual characteristics of cereals such as bland taste, ease of cooking and also contain a substantial quality of cooking and fat as compared to most cereals. Amaranth contain good amount of fiber, energy and mineral than the conventional grains. Nevertheless, amaranth grain is still considered as a underutilized food crop and its consumed very few places. The usage of amaranth green, though very common in many parts of India. Development of nutritionally superior inexpensive food and acceptable to intended consumer is the biggest challenge of the present time. The present investigation was designed to develop high protein product by incorporation of amaranth flour. Amaranth flour was incorporate in the ratio of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 per cent in the wheat flour. The higher score of overall acceptability was 7.70± 0.10 for 50 per cent substitution of amaranth flour after control and the minimum as 6.67± 0.25 for the 70 per cent amaranth flour noodles. Considering the results obtained and characteristics of flour used, the amaranth flour addition up to 30 per cent is evident to improve some nutritional properties and 50 per cent for sensory characteristic. Results also showed significant increase (P<0.05) in the protein (13.22 g) when compared with control (12.07 g). In this research it was analyzed that the different amount of amaranth flour plays an important role in noodles making by enhancing nutritional parameters and overall product quality. Resultant noodles can be used as a nutritious food with higher content of protein and other nutritious elements in an increased market of noodle product where quality protein is an issue.
A Cross Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Antibiotic Use for Children in Chennai among Mothers
Authors: Revathi B. , Pandurangan Kiran Kumar 
Published: September 2020

Background and Aim: Mothers play a vital role in providing antibiotics to their children since they are too often affected with infections. Hence, the purpose of this study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotic use of children in Chennai among mothers.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among mothers of 250 participants. A questionnaire based online survey was conducted and distributed through the survey planet. The data were collected and tabulated in Microsoft Excel sheets which were transferred to SPSS Version 20 for statistical analysis. Chi square test was performed to check for association between variables.
Results: About 71.3% of the mothers are not aware that antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem and 53.3% are paying attention to the expiry date of antibiotics and also 59.3% of the respondents give higher doses of antibiotics to their child than what doctor’s prescribed. 44% of them are providing antibiotics prescribed by local pharmacists without any doctor's prescription. A highly significant association was seen in mothers with monthly income of <30000 rupees do not prefer expensive antibiotics compared to monthly income of >30000 rupees (Chi square test; p<0.001, statistically significant).
Conclusion: The study concluded that the mother’s limited knowledge about antibiotics. Hence it is important to facilitate multilevel parent’s education programs regarding antibiotic usage and create awareness about the complications of misconceptions of antibiotics.
Day to Day Use of Disinfectant Methods for Different Impression Materials among Dental Practitioners
Authors: Selvam Santhanam Panneer , Rakshagan V. 
Published: September 2020

One of the major problems which most dental professionals face is cross contamination and cross infection. During the fabrication of dental prosthesis, special care should be taken for every step, especially impressions as they are one of the main concern. This is because impressions are one of the most known to be the main source of infection for any potentially infectious material . To check the practice of disinfection level among the dental practitioners, a questionnaire containing 15 questions was prepared. This survey was carried between the month of June 2019 to March 2020 among the dental practitioners living in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. This survey was carried under an online platform where the participants responded to their answers. Based on their responses, the result was tabulated. We got a result of about 64% practitioners practicing protocol to disinfect impressions 65% use alginate to take impressions. 44% use 2% glutaraldehyde to disinfect impressions. 46% prefer spraying disinfectant over impression tray. Based on much research, it was reported that dental technicians were suffering from infections in hand restoratory systems, so on humanitarian basis we dentists can take better measures ourselves in avoiding cross contamination to fellow dental technicians by following proper and simple methods for disinfection of impressions before sending them to dental laboratories. To conclude awareness workshops, programs must be organised to create awareness among dentists to present cross infections.
The Pharmaceutical Application of Sulfoxy Amine Chitosan in Design, Development and Evaluation of Transdermal Drug Delivery of Gliclazide
Authors: Laxman Jadhav Rahul , Pallavi Ahire , Vyankatrao Yadav Adhikrao , Varsha Gharge G. , Vyankatrao Patil Manisha , Nawaj Shaikh Siraj 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The aim & objectives of this research work was to explore applicability of our previously synthesized sulfoxy amine chitosan in design, development and evaluation of transdermal drug delivery of Gliclazide.
Methods: To determine the interaction between excipients used and to find out the nature of drug in the formulation, Fourier transforms infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC) studies were performed. Gliclazide containing transdermal patch were formulated with help of Sulfoxy Amine Chitosan, HPMC, Penetration enhancer Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Glycerine by using solvent casting method.9 formulations prepared by using 32 full factorial designs the effect of formulation variable was studied on % Moisture Content, Folding endurance, % Cumulative drug release at 12 hrs.Formulated transdermal patches were evaluated for various parameters.
Results: FTIR & DSC suggest study no drug & polymers interaction .All the prepared transdermal patches were found to be faint yellow in colored, flexible, uniform, smooth, and transparent. The weight of the transdermal patches for different type of formulations ranged between 12.00 ± 0.6 mg & 14.2 ± 0.52 mg. The thickness of the patches varied from 0.171 ± 0.0035 mm to 0.182 ± 0.0026 mm. The moisture content & water vapour transmission rate in the patches ranged from 2.33 to 4.55% & from 0.002246 to 0.003597 mg.cm/cm2 24hrs.XRD diffractogram revealed pure Gliclazide exhibited characteristic high-intensity diffraction peaks & optimized formulation showed three peaks in 2θ= 20.6 28.7 and 38.95 with very weak intensities. Optimized batch F7 showed maximum drug release 98.41%. The folding endurance was lies in between 301 and 359. Optimization study was successfully conducted using 32 factorial designs.
Conclusion: We concluded that transdermal patches Gliclazide of was successfully formulated with synthesized Sulfoxy Amine Chitosan & evaluated.