bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY STUDIES AND EVALUATION OF TOTAL PHENOLICS, FLAVONOIDS, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CLEOME GYNANDRA
Authors: RAMYA KUBER BANOTH  , ASHWINI THATIKONDA  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the nature of chemical constituents, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of Cleome gynandra and their functional groups with the help of phytochemical, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, colorimetric assay, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay.
Methods: C. gynandra of the Cleomaceae family is an annual herb. The dried leaves were powdered and extracted using Soxhlet apparatus by different solvents. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out to identify the phytoconstituents present in the extract of C. gynandra, FTIR spectrum was scanned at the range of 4000-400 cm−1. The extracts were subjected to the colorimetric assay in triplicate manner to quantitative determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid content. Gallic acid and rutin used as standards to determine the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging method.
Results: Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of C. gynandra revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and tannins. FTIR spectrum showed intense bands at 3679.18, 3616.63, 3317.34, 2943.67, 1634.01, 1360.20, 1036.71, and 778.04 cm−1 corresponding to N-H2, O-H stretch, aliphatic C-H stretch, C=O, C-H benzene, C-O stretch, and C-Cl. The total phenolic content was found to be 8.39 ± 0.0952 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 66.76 ± 0.0333 mg rutin equivalent/g. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract was showed more scavenging activity compared to ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions.
Conclusion: The present research work creates a platform to screen many bioactive chemical constituents present in C. gynandra to treat various diseases.
TOPICAL APPLICATION OF EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLUS OIL AGAINST RINGWORM INFECTION OF HUMAN BEINGS
Authors: Jain Neetu , MEENAKSHI SHARMA  
Published: October 2019

Objective: At least one million people are suffering from dermatophytosis in India. These mycoses although normally not lethal are unpleasant, frequent disease recurrence, and resistant dermatophytic strains cause considerable economic losses. During the antifungal evaluation of essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllus, all concentrations were found to be an excellent inhibitor against selected fungi as compared to standard antifungal drugs griseofulvin, ketoconazole, and itraconazole. The present work deals with the preparation of an ointment from E. caryophyllus oil for the treatment of ringworm infection in human beings.
Materials and Methods: Due to these potent fungicidal properties, an ointment of E. caryophyllus was prepared and topically applied on tinea patients attending the outpatient Department of Skin, Venereology, and Leprology, SMS Hospital, Jaipur. Patients were diagnosed as tinea corporis, tinea capitis, tinea manuum, and tinea barbae. The medication was done twice a day for 3 weeks as advised by the skin specialist.
Results: All patients showed positive potassium hydroxide (KOH) results at the beginning of the trial. After the 2nd week of treatment, every patient was KOH negative and remained negative when re-examined after one month of treatment. All patients were completely cured within 3 weeks of the treatment.
Conclusions: Ointment showed excellent results, found cheaper substitutes to cure the disease without any adverse side effect. The present study offers a high possibility of complete cure of tinea infection and suggesting its uses as raw material by pharmaceutical industries for the development of antidermatophytic drug in prevailing conditions where dermatophytes are becoming resistant against popular antifungals.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND BEHAVIOR ABOUT ABORTION AMONG ADULT WOMEN AT PEUNAYONG DISTRICT, BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA
Authors: EKA RUSDIANTO GUNARDI  , ERIK A RAHMAN  , BIRAN AFFANDI  , MUHAMMAD IKHSAN  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Every year approximately 13% (78,000) of maternal death caused by unsafe abortion. Indonesia Family Planning Association predicts 2.5 million abortions per year and 1.5 million of them committed by teenagers. Adolescent reproductive health problems are more alarming year by year. Sexual behavior tends to be permissive and bold with limited knowledge of reproductive health has increased the risk of abortion. This study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding abortion in young adults.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The subjects were young women aged 18–24 years old who were fulfilled by inclusion and exclusion criteria. The knowledge, attitudes, and behavior were assessed using questionnaire. The results were analyzed using statistical program.
Results: The total subjects recruited in this study were 55 subjects. Twenty-eight (50.9%) of subjects has a good knowledge and 27 (49.1%) of subjects had a moderate knowledge. Twenty-nine (52.7%) subjects had moderate attitudes and 36.4% of subjects had good attitude. Thirty (54.5%) of subjects had a good behavior regarding abortion.
Conclusion: Most of the subjects had good level of knowledge and moderate attitude toward abortion.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND CHITINASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF 7-BENZAMIDOCOUMARINS
Authors: NEHA TIWARI  , PRIYANKA  , VINEETA SINGH  , DIKSHA KATIYAR  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine in vitro antimicrobial activity of a series of 7-benzamidocoumarin derivatives against three Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus pumilus), three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Salmonella typhi), and three fungi (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Aspergillus niger) by 2-fold serial dilution method.
Materials and Methods: The compounds were synthesized by amide coupling of 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin 5 and 7-amino-4-chloromethyl coumarin 6 with different aromatic acids 7 (a-h) and heteroaromatic acids 8 (i-j) in the presence of phosphorous trichloride as an acid catalyst in acetonitrile. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial and chitinase inhibitory activity.
Results: Compounds 9, 11, 12, 21, and 23 showed good antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 6.25 to 50 μg/mL. Among them, compound 21 was the most active molecule with MIC 6.25 μg/mL against S. aureus and 6.25 μg/mL against, B. pumilus and S. typhi. Compounds 11 and 21 were the most potent antifungal candidates with MIC 6.25–25 μg/mL against C. albicans and C. tropicalis. All the compounds were also evaluated for their chitinase inhibitory property and among them; compound 9 emerged as strong inhibitor of the enzyme.
Conclusion: Some of the compounds showed very good antimicrobial activities. Among these, compound 21 showing potent antimicrobial activities against five of the nine microbial strains examined in this study, was the most active compound of the series. Some of the compounds also showed chitinase inhibitory properties. This study also provides a starting point for investigating the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of synthetic 7-benzamidocoumarins.
TO COMPARE THE EFFECT OF CHITOSAN, LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION, AND COMBINATION OF CHITOSAN AND LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION ON BODY MASS INDEX IN OBESE PATIENTS
Authors: VASUNDHARA BHOPLE  , DEEPAK BHOSLE  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of chitosan, lifestyle modification, and combination of chitosan and lifestyle modification on body mass index (BMI) in obese patients.
Methods: A prospective, randomized, open-label comparative study conducted for the period of 24 weeks. The study population was enrolled in three groups (chitosan 500 mg BD, lifestyle modification, and chitosan 500 mg BD and lifestyle modification). Data were analyzed using “t”-test and ANOVA.
Results: There is a reduction in BMI in all the three groups. However, when we combined chitosan and lifestyle modification, there is pronounced reduction in BMI, which is statistically significant (p<0.0001).
Conclusions: Chitosan and lifestyle modification have more pronounced effect on reduction on BMI as compared to monotherapy alone.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PLANT PARTS EXTRACTS FROM STERCULIA QUADRIFIDA R. BR.
Authors: GRACE SEREPINA SARAGIH  , SISWADI SISWADI  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Sterculia quadrifida R. Br. of Sterculiaceae family is locally known as “Faloak” in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. S. quadrifida is used in folk medicine to treat hepatitis, rheumatism, and to recover stamina. The aim of this study was to determine the total flavonoids, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of extracts from different plant parts of S. quadrifida.
Methods: The sampled parts of S. quadrifida were non-stripped stem bark, new regrown stem bark, old regrown stem bark, root bark, branch bark, and leaves. Stem bark was classified into three categories, namely, bark that has never been peeled (non-stripped stem bark), old regrown stem bark (estimated to be >6 months after debarking), and new regrown stem bark (estimated to be <6 months after debarking). Total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined by colorimetric aluminum chloride method and TPC was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent. Antioxidant activity was determined with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).
Results: The concentrations of flavonoids in S. quadrifida extracts from different plant parts varied from 0.58±0.13 to 1.25±0.10 mg QE/g. The TPC in the extracts of different plant parts ranged between 8.61±0.09 and 10.43±0.08 mg GAE/g. Branch bark has the highest total flavonoid and phenolic content. The extract of new regrown stem bark exhibited potent antioxidant activity with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 2.51±0.03 μg/ml.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated for the first time that extracts from different plant parts of S. quadrifida exhibited strong antioxidant activity. However, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in S. quadrifida only indicated a weak correlation with its antioxidant activity.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF NIGELLA SATIVA OIL AND LASER ON TREATMENTS ON EXPERIMENTAL WOUND HEALING IN RATS
Authors: RABAB HAJWAL AL-ZAMILY  , SHROQ MOHAMED ABAS AL-TEMIMI  
Published: October 2019

Objective:The study investigated the influences of treatment with Nigella sativa oil and laser therapy on wound healing in rats. The period of the inflammatory phase reduced through both laser and N. sativa oil actions; though, the laser was more effective than N. sativa oil, with more significant results.
Methods: We used 52 healthy rats male and divided the rats randomly into three groups. The treatment protocols used included N. sativa oil in the first group, laser in the second group, and control in the third group. In all groups, we performed histopathologic evaluations on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days after surgery.
Results: The proliferation phase of each treatment indicated an increase in the number of fibroblasts, as well as stimulation of collagen formation and synthesis.Positive results on the inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation phases for both treatments of wound healing.
Conclusion:Laser treatment was more effective than N. sativa oil in the first two phases of wound healing.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-HYPERTROPHIC POTENTIAL OF PIPER BETLE IN ISOPROTERENOL-INDUCED CARDIAC HYPERTROPHIC RAT MODELS
Authors: DOSS VA  , MANJU VIDHYA SAKTHIKUMAR  , DHARANIYAMBIGAI KUBERAPANDIAN  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-hypertrophic potential of the combination extract (chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate) of Piper betle in cardiac hypertrophic rat models.
Methods: Isoproterenol (ISO) (10 mg/kg b. w., i.p., 7 days) was used to induce cardiac hypertrophy in male albino Wistar rats and simultaneously treated with the combination extract of P. betle (50 mg/kg b. w., oral, 7 days) and the standard drug losartan (50 mg/kg b. w., oral, 7 days) as reference. At the end of seventh day the biochemical estimations of glucose, protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, cardiac marker enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and LDH) and enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) were performed in the serum along with the targets of the study namely calcium and phosphorus. Heart tissues were subjected to histopathological analysis. All biochemical assays were statistically verified.
Results: The status of cardiac hypertrophy was indicated by the increased heart weight (HW)/body weight (BW) ratio. The biochemical assays showed significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of glucose, protein, and cholesterol and in the cardiac marker enzymes such as SGOT, SGPT, and LDH, whereas significant decrease in the serum calcium and phosphorus along with antioxidants were seen in the ISO-induced rats and these levels were restored to normal values by the treatment with P. betle.
Conclusion: The combination extract of P. betle showed effect upon calcium and phosphorus levels besides reversing the other impacts of isoproterenol (β-adrenergic hypersignaling events) probably due to phytoconstituents of the plant which are hypothesized to be efficiently extracted in combination of organic solvents, and thus, these results indicate that the combination extract of P. betle possesses cardioprotective (anti-hypertrophic) effect.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF CORDIA OBLIQUA AGAINST PARACETAMOL-INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY ON WISTAR RATS
Authors: SIVAKRISHNAN SIVAGNANAM  , PRADEEPRAJ DEVARASU  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The ethanolic extract of Cordia obliqua (EECO) Willd. leaves was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in Wistar rats by inducing hepatic damage with paracetamol.
Methods: The leaves of C. obliqua were dried under shade, segregated, pulverized by a mechanical grinder and passed through a 40 mesh sieve. The powdered plant materials were stored in an air-tight container. The above-powdered materials were successively extracted with ethanol by hot continuous percolation method in Soxhlet apparatus for 24 h. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator and subjected to freeze drying in a lyophilizer till dry powder was obtained.
Results: Treatment with EECO at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant decrease in serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels and a significant elevation in the total protein, albumin, and globulin levels in serum when compared with paracetamol treated rats. In histological study of liver, the hepatocytes show moderate cytoplasm and moderately enlarged pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei. The portal triads show mild periportal inflammation composed of lymphocytes, and central veins are normal.
Conclusion: On the basis of results, we can conclude that the EECO leaves showed potential hepatoprotective activity in rats.
The BIOLOGICAL EFFICACY OF MIXED LIGAND COPPER(II) COMPLEXES OF N(4)-SUBSTITUTED THIOSEMICARBAZONE AND DIIMINE CO-LIGANDS AS CHELATING N, N’- DONOR LIGAND
Authors: NEELAVENI RAJENDRAN  , NITHYA KAMATCHI  , VASANTHA SOLOMON  
Published: October 2019

Objective: In modern years, the biggest dare is to develop new chemotherapeutic agents with high efficiency as well as low toxicity. Hence, to defeat this challenge, extensive endeavors were taken on thiosemicarbazone based metal complexes.
Methods: A sequence of nine thiosemicarbazone based diimine copper(II) complexes derived from three sulfur-containing ligands N-methyl-2- ((1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarbothioamide H(L1), N-ethyl-2-((1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarbothioamide H(L2), and N-benzyl-2-((1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarbothioamide H(L3). The molecular structures and coordination possibilities of thiosemicarbazone ligands toward the central metal ions have been validated by analytical and spectral techniques such as molar conductance, elemental analysis, ultraviolet–Vis, Fourier-transform infrared, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy confirms that the thiosemicarbazones ligands are coordinated to copper through NS’ donor and NN’ donor of diimine. The antimicrobial activity and DNA cleavage effectiveness of thiosemicarbazone derivatives and copper(II) complexes were assessed by disc diffusion and agarose gel electrophoresis methods.
Results: All the spectral studies authenticated that the square planar geometry of the thiosemicarbazone copper(II) complexes 1–9. From the results of antibacterial activity against selected Gram-positive (Bacillus thuringiensis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains, complex 8 exhibited noteworthy activity. Interestingly, copper(II) complexes bearing 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) moiety displayed outstanding results together with N(4)-substituted thiosemicarbazone derivatives and causes complete DNA degradation of SC (supercoiled) pUC18 DNA.
Conclusion: A variety of substitutions at the thioamide nitrogen atoms have shown potential biological activity. Henceforth, N(4)-substituted thiosemicarbazone based copper(II) complexes virtually reach the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING MANGROVE FRUIT POLYSACCHARIDE FOR BACTERIAL GROWTH INHIBITION
Authors: GAJENDRA NATH MAITY  , JOY SARKAR  , SOMANJANA KHATUA  , SOUMITRA MONDAL  , KRISHNENDU ACHARYA  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the antibacterial activity of the silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using a low-cost green synthesis approach for the formulation of Ag-NPs applying polysaccharide extracted from the fruits of a mangrove plant of Sundarban.
Methods: Fresh and healthy fruits were collected from Ceriops decandra plant. Sufficient amount of carbohydrates was extracted from those fruits and the physicochemical characterization of the polysaccharide was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry. The respective polysaccharide was further applied to generate the Ag-NPs which were characterized by UV visible, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, EDAX, and X-ray diffraction. The antibacterial efficacy of the Ag-NPs was also determined against some pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria using the microdilution method.
Results: Glucose and galactose are the major monomers among the extracted carbohydrates. Various types of spectral analysis confirmed the formation of Ag-NPs. The green synthesized Ag-NPs have the average diameter of about 28 nm. Furthermore, the green synthesized Ag-NPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against some pathogenic Gram-positive (L. cytomonogenes, Bacillus Subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli) bacteria.
Conclusion: The green synthesis of Ag-NPs using plant polysaccharide was an environment-friendly and cost-effective method as compared to the conventional physical and chemical synthesis techniques.
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PROTEIN PRECIPITATES OF A WILD MUSHROOM, GANODERMA LUCIDUM FOR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: SUNDARAMOORTHY MARIMUTHU  , SABARIMANIKANDAN MAHENDRAN  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study was to isolate different antibacterial protein precipitates from Ganoderma lucidum against human pathogenic bacteria and to evaluate suitable precipitating agent.
Methods: The acid extract was prepared from the aqueous solution of the test mushroom. From separate aliquots of acid extract, antibacterial proteins were precipitated using five different concentrations (10–50%) of ammonium sulfate solutions, 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), 80% ethanol and methanol – Chloroform mixture (2:1 ratio). Protein quantification was performed in each stage of purifications. The as-prepared protein precipitates were subjected for antibacterial and hemolytic assays for identification of the active protein precipitate, which in turn was also checked for minimum inhibitory volume (MIV) for all test organisms.
Results: The quantity of each protein precipitated by different protein precipitating agents from the acid extract of the test mushroom was found in the range of 2.3–4.8 mg/g wet.wt. Although all the precipitates showed different levels of antibacterial capacities, 10% TCA precipitate was considered as active protein as it yielded the maximum amount of protein (4.8 mg/g.wet.wt) as well as it exhibited burly bactericidal activities at lower volumes of protein solutions subjected (6.3 and 3.2 μl) on all bacterial strains tested with less hemolytic effects.
Conclusion: The protein precipitated by 10% TCA from the acid extract of the test mushroom could be developed as a drug candidate for treating infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microbes in human.
INVESTIGATION OF CRITICAL MATERIAL ATTRIBUTES OF NANOCELLULOSE IN TABLETS
Authors: ROSHNI VORA  , YAMINI SHAH  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present work aims to compare powder flow properties and post-compression characteristics of acid hydrolysis nanocellulose (AH-NC) a novel excipient with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC PH200) to demonstrate the application and performance of AH-NC.
Methods: I-optimal design was applied separately for both the excipient, i.e., MCC PH200 and AH-NC. Independent variables were MCC PH200 as diluent (X1), AH-NC as diluent (X1), starch as disintegrant (X2), and PVP K30 as dry binder (X3). The dependent variables in design were Carr’s index (CI) (R1), angle of repose (AR) (R2), hardness (R3), friability (R4), disintegration time (DT) (R5), and T90 (R6).
Results: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry studies showed the compatibility of the drug with an excipient. CI was found in the range of 8%–17.84% for MCC PH200 and 5.25%–11.94% for AH-NC. AR was found in the range of 31.48–37.66 for MCC PH200 and 29.62–35.30 for AH-NC. The values of friability, DT, and T90 were almost identical in both the cases.
Conclusion: Not only does AH-NC demonstrates better flow properties but also problems of weight variation and content uniformity are not observed when compared to MCC PH200. Hence, AH-NC is more suitable as an excipient for modern high-speed rotary tablet press.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PERILLYL ALCOHOL (POH) ON HIGH-FAT DIET-LOW-DOSE STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED TYPE 2 DIABETES IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Authors: TOWSEEF HASSAN  , ELANCHEZHIYAN C  , INSHA NASEER  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotectivity effect of perillyl alcohol in high-fat diet (HFD)-low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by 4 weeks diet manipulation followed by a low single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (35 mg/kg body weight). Perillyl alcohol was administered orally (50 mg/kg body weight and 100 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. Glibenclamide was used as a standard drug and given orally 6 mg/kg body weight. At the end of treatment period, levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST) alanine transaminase (ALT), and bilirubin and serum protein were measured in serum of experimental rats. Histopathological studies of liver were also done with microscope.
Results: The levels of ALP, AST ALT, and bilirubin were increased significantly in HFD-STZ-induced diabetic rats. Perillyl alcohol-treated diabetic rats showed marked restoration in the activity of ALP, AST, ALT, and bilirubin when compared with diabetic control rats. Perillyl alcohol and glibenclamide drug-treated rats showed reversible tissue regeneration with prominent hepatocytes.
Conclusion: The present results clearly indicate that the perillyl alcohol has a potent efficacy for hepatoprotective effect in HFD- low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats.