bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household food insecurity and early childhood development: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Klébya Hellen Dantas , de Almeida Géssica Mercia , Gubert Muriel Bauermann , Moura Amanda Souza , Spaniol Ana Maria , Hernandez Daphne C. , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Buccini Gabriela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHousehold food insecurity (HFI) is a powerful stressor negatively associated with early childhood development (ECD). However, no comprehensive review has examined the association of HFI and ECD. Therefore, this systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated the association between HFI and ECD domains and subdomains in children under 5 years old. Peer‐reviewed and grey literature were systematically searched in electronic databases with no year or language restrictions. Studies were eligible if they assessed the association between HFI and one or more ECD domains. Data were extracted using a standard predefined protocol. Meta‐analysis was performed, and the heterogeneity across studies was explored. Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review and 14 in the meta‐analysis. Of the studies, 15 were from high income countries (HICs) and four from low–middle income countries (LMICs). For developmental risk and the cognitive/math and cognitive/school readiness and reading subdomains, the only studies available were conducted in HICs. The meta‐analysis showed that HFI was associated with developmental risk (OR 1.28; 95% CI [1.14, 1.45]), cognitive/vocabulary (OR 0.94; 95% CI [0.90, 0.98]), and cognitive/math (OR 0.84; 95% CI [0.73, 0.96]). HFI was marginally associated with cognitive/school readiness and reading (OR 0.91; 95% CI [0.82, 1.00]) and motor development (OR; 0.91, 95% CI [0.80, 1.04]). HFI was associated with poor ECD in children under 5 years old. Specifically, HFI was associated with developmental risk and poor math skills in studies conducted in HICs and with poor vocabulary skills in studies conducted in both HICs and LMICs. Prospective studies examining HFI and ECD are needed in LMICs.
Effects of Mobile‐Mediated Dynamic and Nondynamic Glosses on L2 Vocabulary Learning: A Sociocultural Perspective
Authors: RASSAEI EHSAN 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of 2 forms of text‐based second language (L2) vocabulary glosses, namely dynamic and nondynamic glosses on EFL learners' vocabulary knowledge. Dynamic glosses were operationalized as a set of incrementally ordered mediating annotations designed to help learners identify the correct word definition while nondynamic glosses were operationalized as traditional fixed word definitions. During 2 treatment sessions, the participants in the 2 experimental groups as well as the control condition were presented with several short passages that included a number of unknown words via the Telegram application using learners' smartphones. The participants in the dynamic glossing condition were presented with a set of graduated prompts ordered from the most implicit to the most explicit for each unfamiliar word to identify its correct definition while reading the short passages. For the mobile‐mediated nondynamic glossing condition, the learners were directly provided with a first language (L1) definition for each target word while reading the same text via their smartphones. The results of posttests and delayed posttests provided evidence for the benefits of the 2 mobile‐mediated glossing conditions and also the superiority of the dynamic glossing condition over nondynamic glossing condition for L2 vocabulary learning.
Doing Justice to Difference: Stanley Hauerwas and Public Theology
Authors: Johnson Russell P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStanley Hauerwas’s theology is widely read as a rejection of the world in favor of the church, and thus the antithesis of politically‐engaged, publicly‐minded theologies like Reinhold Niebuhr's. However, Hauerwas's critical work can be more fruitfully understood as an effort in disambiguating concepts like “love” and “justice.” Attending to the role language plays in Hauerwas's thought shows how neo‐Anabaptist theology acts as a corrective to, not a rejection of, public theology. Charles Mathewes's The Republic of Grace is one example of a neo‐Augustinian political theology that takes Hauerwas's conceptual clarifications seriously.
Virulence and pCM1 plasmid carriage are related to BOX‐PCR fingerprint type in strains of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis that cause bacterial wilt and canker of tomato in Argentina
Authors: Wassermann Eliana , Montecchia Marcela S. , Garaventa Valeria S. , Correa Olga S. , Romero Ana M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) causes bacterial wilt and canker in tomato, producing important economic losses worldwide. Its virulence has been related to several putative virulence factors present on a chromosomal pathogenicity island and on plasmids pCM1 and pCM2, in strain NCPPB382. We genotypically characterized a collection of Cmm isolates from the main greenhouse tomato‐producing areas of Argentina by BOX‐PCR fingerprinting and screened for the presence of genes and plasmids involved in pathogenicity by PCR. In addition, we evaluated in vitro cellulolytic activity and virulence in planta of selected strains. BOX‐PCR fingerprinting clustered strains into four groups. Group II was dominant and included the most virulent strains, while Group III was the smallest and had the least virulent strains. All local strains exhibited similar cellulolytic activity. Most of the examined strains carry two plasmids of similar size to those of NCPPB382, although there were strains with one or three plasmids. By PCR amplification of repA, pCM1 was detected only in strains belonging to Group III, which includes local strains closely related to reference strain NCPPB382. All analysed pathogenicity genes were widespread among strains, and so in strains belonging to Groups I and II, celA found on pCM1 in NCPPB382 could be found in the chromosome or in plasmids other than pCM1. This study contributes to a better understanding of the diversity of Cmm genetic profiles and virulence of strains present in Argentina. Such information could be useful for the selection of strains for screening of host resistance and development of resistant tomato varieties.
Donald Trump and the Return of the Paranoid Style
Authors: Hart Roderick P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHere, I examine Donald Trump';s use of what historian Richard Hofstadter has called the paranoid style in American politics, a style that galvanizes audiences by describing how malign forces are working behind the scenes to subvert their will. Although many observers see that style as Trump's own, scholars have not yet tracked its manifestations empirically and systematically. Using DICTION software, I examined a large number of political documents to track Trump's uses of this style. I find that (1) Trump used the paranoid style considerably more often than prior presidential candidates between 1948 and the present; (2) in doing so, he tapped into a discourse already present among citizen‐activists; and (3) encounters with the press were especially likely to draw forth such remarks from the nation's forty‐fifth president. That Trump has depended heavily on the paranoid style and that he has been successful doing so raises painful questions for the American people, especially as nationalist tendencies surface with greater regularity in the United States and in other Western democracies as well.
Early HIV infection is associated with reduced proportions of gamma delta T subsets as well as high creatinine and urea levels
Authors: Olusola Babatunde A. , Kabelitz Dieter , Olaleye David O. , Odaibo Georgina N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRenal dysfunctions are major predictors of co‐morbidities and mortality in HIV‐infected individuals. Unconventional T cells have been shown to regulate kidney functions. However, there is dearth of information on the effect of HIV‐associated nephropathies on γδ and DN T cells. It is also not clear whether γδ T cell perturbations observed during the early stages of HIV infection occur before immune activation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between creatinine and urea on the number of unconventional T cells in HIV‐infected individuals at the early and chronic stages of infection. Persons in the chronic stage of infection were divided into treatment naïve and exposed groups. Treatment exposed individuals were further subdivided into groups with undetectable and detectable HIV‐1RNA in their blood. Creatinine and urea levels were significantly higher among persons in the early HIV infection compared with the other groups. Proportions of γδ T, γδ + CD8, γδ + CD16 cells were also significantly reduced in the early stage of HIV infection (P < .01). Markers of immune activation, CD4 + HLA‐DR and CD8 + HLA‐DR, were also significantly reduced during early HIV infection (P < .01). Taken together, our findings suggest that high levels of renal markers as well as reduced proportions of gamma delta T cells are associated with the early stages of HIV infection. This event likely occurs before systemic immune activation reaches peak levels. This study provides evidence for the need for early HIV infection diagnosis and treatment.
Reduced risk of vasovagal reactions in Australian whole blood donors after national implementation of applied muscle tension and water loading
Authors: Thijsen Amanda , Masser Barbara , Davison Tanya E. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDA new national donor safety initiative was introduced in Australia in 2018, which aimed to encourage all whole blood donors to water load and to use applied muscle tension. This study evaluated the effect of this initiative on the rate of vasovagal reactions (VVR).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSRoutinely collected data were used to identify whole blood donations and any associated VVRs before (n = 167,056 donations) and after implementation (n = 215,572 donations). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the differences in VVR rates.RESULTSThe total rate of VVRs declined from 22.5 per 1000 donations to 20.6 per 1000 donations after implementation, a reduction of 8% (p < 0.001). The rate of presyncopal reactions decreased by 8% in new donors and 12% in repeat donors. No impact was observed on the rate of syncope in any of the groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated the odds of experiencing a presyncopal reaction was reduced by 13% following implementation, with no significant effects on syncope.CONCLUSIONThe findings of this study support the use of water loading and applied muscle tension in routine whole blood collection to reduce the incidence of VVRs.
A User Motion Data Acquisition and Processing Method for the Design of Rehabilitation Robot With Few Degrees-of-Freedom
Authors: Chen Peng , Dong De , Lv Hao , Zhu Liuxian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Mechanism with few degrees-of-freedom is an economical solution for rehabilitation robots because it does not need a complicated structure and control system. To provide motion data to design the robot with few degrees-of-freedom, a user motion data acquisition, and processing method on the mobile platform is proposed. The data from the monocular vision system have been used on the smartphone and the KCF algorithm to track the knee and hip joints motion. To increase the stability and the precision, the maker with texture is designed to carry out the tracking. Furthermore, the transformation from the image coordinate to the world coordinate is implemented by the cross-ratio invariant in the controlled tracking condition with fixed dimension makers. By this mean, the motion path in the image coordinate is converted to that in the world coordinate. With the low limb motion path that provides the input of the Fourier descriptor, the mechanical parameters of the robot with few degrees-of-freedom are calculated, and the 3D models of the mechanism are constructed. Finally, the prototype of the rehabilitation robot is established which can assist the users to stand from sitting posture, or work as a wheelchair with obstacle avoidance function by infrared and ultrasonic sensors.
Machine Learning-Driven Individualized Gait Rehabilitation: Classification, Prediction, and Mechanism Design
Authors: Loya Amol , Deshpande Shrinath , Purwar Anurag 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a machine learning-based approach toward designing individually targeted rehabilitation devices. This approach consists of a classification model for early detection of a disease, regression, and artificial neural networks (ANNs) models to predict the target rehabilitation gait for a specific individual, and finally a generative approach for the conditional synthesis of single degree-of-freedom linkage mechanisms for gait rehabilitation. Design of mechanisms for human–machine interaction involves numerous subjective criteria and constraints in addition to the motion task. This is particularly important for the rehabilitation devices, where the size, complexity, weight, cost, and ease of use are critical factors. In this paper, we present an end-to-end computational approach for developing a device for individualized gait rehabilitation using machine learning techniques focusing on gait classification, prediction, and specialized device design. These models generate a distribution of linkage mechanisms, which strongly correlate to the distribution of target path variations. This way of formulating the problem results in a large variety of solutions to which subjective criteria can be applied to yield practically useful design concepts that would otherwise not be possible using traditional synthesis methods.
A User-Driven Design Framework for Coupled-Serial-Chain Mechanism Synthesis for Assisting Sit-to-Stand Motion
Authors: Zhu Liuxian , Lv Hao , Li Li , Xu Xiaofei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a novel coupled-serial-chain (CSC) mechanism based multifunctional rehabilitation robot to assist the patients with lower-limb disability in their sit-to-stand (STS) movement. The CSC mechanism is constructed by coupling the joint rotations of a multilink serial chain with gears and operates by following the natural movement of human joints and limbs during the STS motion. The goal is to design an ergonomic and lightweight assistive robot with CSC mechanism that helps minimize the patient's joint/muscle strength and requires the least number of external actuators. A user-driven design framework is proposed to synthesize the CSC mechanism with type and dimensions personalized to the hip trajectory of an individual user. An example CSC mechanism is generated and verified by virtual prototyping and simulation. A physical prototype of the mechanism is built, which will be tested on the human subject to evaluate its maneuverability and physical compatibility with the subject's STS movement.
Monitoring Human Body Joint Rotations Based on Wearable Magnetic Strap Modules and the Jacobian Matrix of Magnetic Fields
Authors: Baca José , Martinez Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work presents the development of a novel methodology in monitoring human body joint rotations based on magnetic tracking (localization). This project leverages the development of an experimental platform that can be used for healthcare within different domains such as senior care for evaluating rehabilitation therapies, the assessment of human body movements of stroke survivors, other patients with sensorimotor disorders, as well as, in space for monitoring astronauts during the execution of strength training and aerobic exercises. The main contribution is a novel magnetic tracking methodology that allows for the tracking of a magnetic dipole source in five degrees-of-freedom (5DOF) without the use of numerical methods. This approach is based on using the Jacobian matrix of the magnetic flux density from a dipole magnet. By using this approach, magnetometers that sense the magnetic flux density will be able to determine the position and orientation of a magnetic dipole source.
Evaluating the Magnitude and Spatial Extent of Disruptions Across Interdependent National Infrastructure Networks
Authors: Zorn Conrad , Pant Raghav , Thacker Scott , Shamseldin Asaad Y. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Critical infrastructure networks are geographically distributed systems spanning multiple scales. These networks are increasingly interdependent for normal operations, which causes localized asset failures from natural hazards or man-made interference to propagate across multiple networks, affecting those far removed from an initiating failure event. This paper provides methodology to identify such failure propagation effects by quantifying the spatial variability in magnitude, frequency, and disruptive reach of failures across national infrastructure networks. To achieve this, we present methodology to combine functionally interdependent infrastructure networks with geographic interdependencies by simulating complete asset failures across a national scale grid of spatially localized hazards. A range of metrics are introduced to compare the systemic vulnerabilities of infrastructure systems and the resulting spatial variability in both the potential for initiating widespread failures and the risk of being impacted by distant hazards. We demonstrate the approach through an application in New Zealand of infrastructures across the energy (electricity, petroleum supply), water and waste (water supply, wastewater, solid waste), telecommunications (mobile networks), and transportation sectors (passenger rail, ferry, air, and state highways). In addition to identifying nationally significant systemic vulnerabilities, we observe that nearly half (46%) of the total disruptions across the simulation set can be attributed to network propagation initiated asset failures. This highlights the importance in considering interdependencies when assessing infrastructure risks and prioritizing investment decisions for enhancing resilience of national networks.
Reliability Analysis of Phased Mission Systems When Components Can Be Swapped Upon Failure
Authors: Coolen Frank P. A. , Huang Xianzhen , Najem Aesha 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a new strategy to improve the reliability of phased mission systems (PMS), namely, by swapping of components. In the proposed strategy, when a component fails, it can be swapped by another one in the system which is still functioning. We consider both the options to swap components at any time and for swaps to be possible only at phase transitions. This paper also discusses the strategy of swapping components according to structure importance. The structure importance is used to measure the importance level of the components in contributing to system reliability. Then, when a component with high importance fails, it is swapped by another component with lower importance from the system which has not yet failed. The survival signature methodology is implemented to assess the reliability of PMS when there is a possibility of components swapping. In addition, we consider the cost effectiveness of component swapping through two models (time independent and time dependent) of penalty costs for PMS.
Time Optimal Trajectories for a Mobile Robot Under Nonsliding and Radius-of-Turn Constraints
Authors: Ben-Asher Joseph Z. , Wetzler Michael , Rimon Elon D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The time-optimal path problem for a point mass mobile robot is considered. Given initial and target states, we seek the time optimal path subject to the following constraints: (1) A limitation on its maximal linear acceleration; (2) a speed-dependent nonsliding condition; and (3) a minimal radius of turn. The paper formulates and analyzes the time optimal path problem using standard optimal control formulation with extensive use of the classical Hodograph method. Based on the analysis, the time optimal path consists of five path primitives. Numerical solutions are obtained to support and illustrate the analysis.
Investigating the genetic susceptibility to exertional heat illness
Authors: Gardner Lois , Miller Dorota M , Daly Catherine , Gupta Pawan K , House Carol , Roiz de Sa Daniel , Shaw Marie-Anne , Hopkins Philip M 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundWe aimed to identify rare (minor allele frequency ≤1%), potentially pathogenic non-synonymous variants in a well-characterised cohort with a clinical history of exertional heat illness (EHI) or exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER). The genetic link between malignant hyperthermia (MH) and EHI was investigated due to their phenotypic overlap.MethodsThe coding regions of 38 genes relating to skeletal muscle calcium homeostasis or exercise intolerance were sequenced in 64 patients (mostly military personnel) with a history of EHI, or ER and who were phenotyped using skeletal muscle in vitro contracture tests. We assessed the pathogenicity of variants using prevalence data, in silico analysis, phenotype and segregation evidence and by review of the literature.ResultsWe found 51 non-polymorphic, potentially pathogenic variants in 20 genes in 38 patients. Our data indicate that RYR1 p.T3711M (previously shown to be likely pathogenic for MH susceptibility) and RYR1 p.I3253T are likely pathogenic for EHI. PYGM p.A193S was found in 3 patients with EHI, which is significantly greater than the control prevalence (p=0.000025). We report the second case of EHI in which a missense variant at CACNA1S p.R498 has been found. Combinations of rare variants in the same or different genes are implicated in EHI.ConclusionWe confirm a role of RYR1 in the heritability of EHI as well as ER but highlight the likely genetic heterogeneity of these complex conditions. We propose defects, or combinations of defects, in skeletal muscle calcium homeostasis, oxidative metabolism and membrane excitability are associated with EHI.
Cognitive inhibition impairments in presymptomatic C9orf72 carriers
Authors: Montembeault Maxime , Sayah Sabrina , Rinaldi Daisy , Le Toullec Benjamin , Bertrand Anne , Funkiewiez Aurélie , Saracino Dario , Camuzat Agnès , Couratier Philippe , Chouly Marianne , Hannequin Didier , Aubier-Girard Carole , Pasquier Florence , Delbeuck Xavier , Colliot Olivier , Batrancourt Bénédicte , Azuar Carole , Lévy Richard , Dubois Bruno , Le Ber Isabelle , Migliaccio Raffaella 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate cognitive inhibition in presymptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers (C9+) and its associated neuroanatomical correlates.MethodsThirty-eight presymptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers (C9+, mean age 38.2±8.0 years) and 22 C9− controls from the PREV-DEMALS cohort were included in this study. They underwent a cognitive inhibition assessment with the Hayling Sentence Completion Test (HSCT; time to completion (part B−part A); error score in part B) as well as a 3D MRI.ResultsC9+ individuals younger than 40 years had higher error scores (part B) but equivalent HSCT time to completion (part B−part A) compared to C9− individuals. C9+ individuals older than 40 years had both higher error scores and longer time to completion. HSCT time to completion significantly predicted the proximity to estimated clinical conversion from presymptomatic to symptomatic phase in C9+ individuals (based on the average age at onset of affected relatives in the family). Anatomically, we found that HSCT time to completion was associated with the integrity of the cerebellum.ConclusionThe HSCT represents a good marker of cognitive inhibition impairments in C9+ and of proximity to clinical conversion. This study also highlights the key role of the cerebellum in cognitive inhibition.