bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geosynthetic as Sustainable Materials for Earthquake resistant of Masonry Structures
Authors: Ali Khan Hasim , Behera Biplab , Prasad Nanda Radhikesh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
When exposed to simultaneous in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour generated by earthquakes or high wind pressure, unreinforced masonry (URM) walls are vulnerable to failure. The paper presents the performance of brick masonry panels using non-woven geotextile in-plane shear and out-of-plane bending experimentally tested. The panels were reinforced with a diagonal geometric pattern on both sides. From the laboratory assessment, it was determined that geosynthetic enhancement significantly improved the capacity of load carrying, displacement capacity, bending moment, stiffness, diagonal shear, in-plane shear, and flexural strength with higher performance for both cases in the case of the cross pattern. In contrast to the un-strengthened panel, experimental findings have demonstrated a less fragile behaviour. Geosynthetics can therefore be preferably suited for strengthening the brick masonry panel in order to defend brick constructions in seismic populated places.
Thermal Power Plant Waste By-product and Its Utility in Concrete
Authors: Bhagat S. R. , Mahajan Lomesh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nearly 117 coal based thermal power station has working conditions in India. About 71% (169 x 103 MW) electricity is generated from four Indian regions i.e. Western, Northern, Eastern, and Southern. All these thermal power plant has produces by-product after burning coal as an energy inputs. The by-product obtained in the form of fine ash which has been known as fly ash and bottom ash. These by-products directly dump on the nearby area or thrown into low lying areas. The utility of these finer materials has proven a feasible substance in the concrete constituents. The paper presents possible advantages to incorporate it into concrete. Fly ash, bottom ash and pond ash has potential to act as a binding and filler agent in concrete.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Sintered Fly Ash Aggregate as Substitute of Natural Fine Aggregate
Authors: Basa Bidyadhar , Pradhan Nibedita , Priyadarshini Parhi Lipsita 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Attempts have been made from time long to develop construction materials which should be strong, durable and simultaneously of light weight. In an attempt to reduce the self-weight of the structural concrete, light weight aggregates are being used and implemented. Fly ash is a waste material of coal based thermal power plants. Presently, fly ash is being used in construction industries in different ways. Sintered fly ash aggregates when used as a substitute for natural aggregates benefits the preservation of natural aggregates as well as the utilization of fly ash which poses a great environmental problem for its disposal. Simultaneously, it also reduces the cost of concrete. In the present investigation, sintered fly ash light weight aggregates have been used as a partial replacement of natural sand as fine aggregate in concrete. Varying percentages of natural fine aggregate have been replaced by sintered fly ash light weight aggregates. Experimental investigations have been carried out to study the mechanical properties related to the strength of concrete, namely, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength with sintered fly ash aggregate as fine aggregate substitute in concrete. In all mixes, silica fume have been used in conjunction with the binder material consisting of ordinary Portland cement.
Comparative Mechanical Characterization of M30 Concrete Grade by Fractional Replacement of Portland Pozzolana Cement with Industrial Waste Using CoCoSo and CODAS Methods
Authors: Kumar Bagal Dilip , Naik Bibekananda , Parida Biswajit , Barua Abhishek , Jeet Siddharth , Kumar Singh Sangam , Kumar Pattanaik Ajit 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since last few years, marble has been deliberated as some of the utmost significant embellished constructing resources. Marble Powder (MP) and Fly Ash (FA) are nearly those materials, which creates health hazards and pollutes the environment. This present study targets to investigate the effect of marble powder and fly ash as fractional replacement of cement respectively in different concrete mixes. The M30 grade of concrete was chosen with a continual w/c ratio 0.43 where fractional replacement of Portland Pozzolana Cement with Marble Powder and Fly Ash is done in different proportion. After preparing the samples according to Taguchi’s method orthogonal array, the mechanical characterizations are performed. Hardened concrete tests such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength test have been piloted to appraise the mechanical properties of concrete. Two current multi-response optimization techniques were used i.e. Combinative Distance-based Assessment (CODAS) and Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) method for optimization of process parameters. In order to outline comparative consequence of measured criteria a pairwise comparison matrix was used. The results of all tests were analyzed, comparison has done among concrete mixes and the conclusion is drawn.
Mechanical Characterization of Hybrid Polymer SiC Nano Composite Using Hybrid RSM-MOORA-Whale Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Kumar Bagal Dilip , Parida Biswajit , Barua Abhishek , Naik Bibekananda , Jeet Siddharth , Kumar Singh Sangam , Kumar Pattanaik Ajit 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Colossal materials do not provide a wide range of applications due to their mechanical property limitations. Fiber reinforced polymer composites are now considered as an important class of engineering materials. The processing and mechanical characterization of a new class of multi-phase composites consisting of polyester resin reinforced with jute-glass-silk fiber. This research investigation deals with mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composite. Woven palm fiber, teak wood dust and SiC Nano particles have been used for fabrication of the composites. Experiments have been planned as per Response Surface Method. After preparing the composite material by hand layup technique and then the mechanical characterizations are performed. Multi-response optimization has been carried out using Multi objective optimization on the basis of the ratio analysis method (MOORA) and Whale Optimization Algorithm. Optimal results have been verified through confirmatory experiments. Based on the experimental observations density, flexural and Ultimate Tensile Strength, it is concluded that teak wood powder influences the mechanical properties more than that of other two reinforcements but Nano particle filled composites shows better properties.
Effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on the Properties of Sea Shell Concrete
Authors: Chandra Panda Kishor , Bhusan Gouda Bharat , Mohapasayat Priyanka 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper opens up how the properties of seashell mix concrete influenced by the effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). This experimental program consists of thirteen concrete mixes. One is conventional concrete & other concrete mixes are formed by the partial replacement of fine aggregate with crushed seashell and cement with GGBS. The proportion of crushed seashell was added 0, 10 %, 20 % & 30 % to the conventional concrete. Then seashell mix concrete of 10 % was blended with 10 %, 20 % & 30 % of GGBS mix concrete and like this 20 %, 30 % of seashell mix concrete was intermixed with 10 %, 20 % & 30 % of GGBS mix concrete respectively. For this experiment M30 grade concrete mix was prepared. Tests like slump test for workability of concrete were carried out on different mixes of fresh concrete. Also, on hardened concrete samples of different mix, test like compressive, split-tensile & flexural strength test were allotted after 7 days and 28 days of curing under water. From the experimental observations show that use of seashell in concrete decreases the strength gradually but in case of GGBS, the strength increases gradually in all type of concrete mixes. The result declares higher compressive, flexural and split-tensile strength at 10 % partial replacement of fine aggregate with crushed seashell and 20 % partial replacement of cement with GGBS.
Effect of Length of Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Normal Strength Concrete
Authors: Charan Behera Gopal , Panda Subhasri , Kanda Priyanka 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Concrete as the most common building material possess very less tensile strength. To overcome this problem, different types of fibers are added with concrete matrix from from the ancient era. Investigation of fiber reinforced concrete reveals that short length fibers help in bridging micro cracks while long fibers are able to arrest macro cracks and also enhance toughness of the member. The combinations of different lengths of fibers are found to be more effective than mono length fibers for a fixed volume fraction of fiber. Combination of different lengths of fibers is termed as hybrid fiber and when different lengths of fibers are mixed in concrete it is termed as graded fiber. This investigation aims in finding out the enhancement of mechanical properties of a particular grade of concrete with addition of different lengths of fibers and with graded fiber with a fixed amount of fiber. M30 grade concrete with 1.5% weight of fiber is considered in this present investigation. The results shows that the mechanical strength of concrete increases with addition of fibers, decreases with long length of fibers with same volume fraction of fiber and increases with graded fiber. Workability decreases with addition of fiber, with higher length of fiber. There is enhancement of workability with graded fiber than same volume fraction of long fibers.
Modification of Bitumen Using Sustainable Materials for Pavement Design
Authors: Kumar Behera Hemanta , Giri Debabrata , Sekhar Das Sudhanshu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConstruction materials will be in the extinction stage in the future. Use of the waste materials to ensure environmental protection is the need of hour. For the construction of essential infrastructure like flexible pavement requires bitumen. Bitumen obtained as a petroleum refinery by-product used for construction of flexible pavement is on the verge of extinction, since natural oil petroleum is a non-renewable resource. Again low life of bitumen due to oxidation is another problem. Hence, it is important to use potential modifiers to partially substitute and enhance the life of bitumen and flexible pavements. In this paper use of numerous modifiers and their possible effects on bitumen and bituminous mix strength and toughness are described by researchers. Different modifiers such as polypropylene, Nano montmorillonite, Nano-silica, Nano-clay, Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS), High-Density Poly-Ethylene (HDPE), Carbon Nano-Tubes (CNT), graphene, Graphene Oxide (GO), fly ash, cloisite, evotherm, Cecabase Rt, Nano fill, rubber waste, crumb rubber etc. were used for modification of bitumen. Binder proportions are approximately similar on the other hand percentages of modifiers used differ mostly by researchers. It is evident from the literature that the optimal proportion of modifier would only yield improved performance. However, the quality of the modifiers shows a key part, to fulfil the requirements of the ideal pavement and increased life carefully chosen based on the soil conditions and environmental circumstances.
Energy Conservation of Speed Breaker with Suitable Design
Authors: Tribikram Tripathy Abhin , Kumar Tripathy Santosh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this project we have tried to generate electricity through speed breakers present on roads. As we know that vehicles on road are increasing day-by-day which will help us to generate electricity as these vehicles pass through the speed breakers. This electricity generated can be used for different purpose such as lighting of signals and streetlights on road etc. This set up requires very basic mechanical components such as gear shaft bearing. There are also some electrical components such as battery, rectifier etc. The main objective of the work is to design the speed breaker with failure analysis.
Treatment of Industrial Waste Water using Single-Stage Rotating Biological Contactor
Authors: Subhadarsini Lusi , Roshan Dash Rakesh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents treatment of industrial waste water using a single-stage Rotating Biological contactor (RBC). A RBC unit typically consists of a series of closely spaced large flat or corrugated discs that are mounted on a common horizontal shaft and are partially or completely submerged in wastewater. The shaft continually rotates by a mechanical motor or a compressed air drive and a bio film is established onto the entire surface area of the media, which metabolizes the organic materials contained in the wastewater. Microorganisms get attached to and grow on these discs. The discs mounted on the surface of a rotating shaft are usually made up of different forms of plastic such as polypropylene or polyurethane. For this study, shaft of RBC is wrapped with polypropylene foam as bio-film medium. From the analysis of results obtained for the present study it has been found that, polypropylene foam as a bio-media can remove organic matter up to 91.2%, nitrate up to 86.2% and phosphate up to 96.3% for 48 hr of hydraulic retention time.
Effects of Sulphates on the Characteristics of Ordinary Portland Cement
Authors: Aditya G , Manohar Reddy V , Kumar Gupta Naresh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This project presents the results of an experimental investigation in which the effects of sulphates on the initial and final setting times of ordinary Portland cement and compressive strength of cement is investigated. It was observed that the type of Sulphate and the ion concentration affect the setting times significantly; the increase in initial setting time is more prominent. The parameters reduce the compressive strength of cement at different ages. In the present study water cement ratio is taken depending on the normal consistency arrived based on different concentrations of sulphates mixed with OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) an increase in setting times is observed as the concentration of sulphates in the cement paste increased. The soundness test results also showed an increased pattern which means that there is an increase in volume of cement paste because of sulphate attack. Compressive strength characteristics also showed an increased pattern when compared to cubes cast with distilled water
Bio Cementation Process in the Concrete using Bacillus Subtilis: A Statistical Modeling Study
Authors: Patnaik Dipika , Verma Akshaya K. , Panda Simanchala , Sahoo Naresh K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present study shows the bio-cementation efficacy of Bacillus subtilis incorporating three major parameters namely bacterial concentration, curing time, and nutritional proportion. Batch studies incorporating one variable at a time (OVAT) and central composite design (CCD) along with the response surface methodology (RSM) were undertaken to establish the possible relationship of selected parameters with the mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength) of cement mortar and bacterial concrete. The investigations performed on the basis of OVAT approach indicated that the extreme level of bacterial concentration, curing time, and nutritional proportion produced the highest improvement in mechanical properties of bacterial concrete producing compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength of 79.5 MPa, 6.22 MPa, and 5.01 MPa respectively. Inline to OVAT approach, analysis of variance (ANOVA) also depicted that the individual as well as some of the possible two factor interactive model terms appeared as significant model terms with p-value was less than 0.05. The response predictive efficacy of the model was ascertained with a high R2 value (0.99) and high adequate precision.
MDD & OMC of Black Cotton Soil Reinforced with Randomly Distributed Banana Fibers
Authors: Patil L. B. , Pusadkar S. S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Expansive soil causes serious problems on civil engineering structures in arid and semi-arid climate regions of the world. Such soils, swell during rainy season and shrink in summer season. In India, expansive soil includes almost the entire Deccan plateau, and causes damage to buildings, roads, pipelines, and other structures every year. The black cotton soil had improved by various methods to enhance the engineering characteristics of soil. However, due to various issues such as leaching, release of mineral, these methods are not sustainable. Hence, an attempt had been made to improve black cotton soil characteristics by using the waste material such as banana fiber. In the present study, the experiments were conducted to understand the density & moisture content of soil by reinforcing the soil with randomly distributed banana fibers. The laboratory tests were conducted on locally available black cotton soil. The banana fiber were added to the soil in varying percentages of 0.0 %, 0.50 %, 1.00 %,1.5 % and2.00 % and in varying lengths of 1 cm,2cm and 3 cm randomly. The standard Proctor tests were conducted to study its effect of banana fiber on dry unit weight and OMC. It was observed that MDD is decreasing and OMC is increasing with increase in % of fibers and length of fiber.
Study of Load & Settlement Behaviour of Expansive Soil Reinforced with Granular Pile Using Natural Aggregates
Authors: Rituparna M J , Sultana Benazeer 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Expansive soil such as Black Cotton soil is problematic from geotechnical point of view as it is unstable volumetrically with the variation of seasonal moisture making it sensitive to deformation. Its strength decreases, compressibility increases on wetting, it possesses very small shear strength. There are several geotechnical improvement techniques available expansive soil strata, but the use of granular piles is becoming popular in India as it improves the strength parameters, such as increases load bearing capacity, reduces settlement, takes wide spread loads and improves the rate of consolidation. In this study, experimental investigations have been done to judge the load and settlement behaviour of Black Cotton soil when reinforced with geotextile encased granular pile by varying the percentage of natural aggregates, fly ash and lime at varying L/d (length & diameter) ratio of 1.5, 2, 2,5 3 and 3.5. The soil sample was prepared taking a mould of 150mm diameter, 175mm height and granular pile of diameter 50mm. The test results showed significant reduction in settlement on installation of geotextile encased granular pile when compared to untreated soil sample. The ultimate load increased & settlement reduced with increase in percentage of fly ash & lime with each increase of L/d ratio as well.
Erosion Studies and Rehabilitation of Beach along West Coast of India
Authors: Suresh P K , Sundaravadivelu R , Nadesan Manu S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The west cost of India from Kannyakumari in Tamilnadu to Thengapattinam bordering Kerala at Thengapattinam is oriented in the east-west direction compared to other two boundaries which are oriented along north-south direction. In these coastal areas the protection measures executed are frequently getting damaged mainly due to unprecedented waves and south west monsoon waves. Hence it was felt to do a detailed study by taking field profiles at selected locations, design of sections and model studies This calls for a proper understanding of the wave hydrodynamics prevailing as it plays a major role in formation of beaches. The stretch is having high tourist potential and it is important to prevent the erosion of beach and stabilize the coast. Field observations were taken and desk studies were made. Based on the studies suitable model studies were carried out and remedial measures were carried out at one site. Post monitoring of the project was done and based on the post monitoring it was inferred that project was a success. The details are explained in the paper.
Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential of Coastal Alluvium Using SPT Data - A Comparative Case Study
Authors: Muduli P K , Karna P , Samal M R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Earthquake induced soil liquefaction causes large scale damage to the infrastructures, lifeline systems and harbor facilities. Evaluation of the liquefaction potential of a soil subjected to seismic loading is one of the most important steps towards mitigation of liquefaction-induced damages. Nowadays, evaluation of liquefaction potential in case of susceptible soils is considered as a routine practice. The proposed coastal National Highway (NH) connecting Digha of West Bengal to Gopalpur of Odisha under Bharatmala Pariyojana is a major NH project undertaken by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI). The district Kendrapara lies in 20° 20’ N to 20° 37’ N Latitude and 86° 14’ E to 87° 01’ E Longitude and situated in central coastal plain on the Bay of Bengal and comes under the seismic zone III as per the seismic zoning map of Bureau of Indian Standards (IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016). As the coastal alluvium is susceptible to liquefaction, some of the SPT bore log data collected from the two coastal locations of Kendrapara district of Odisha under the above project is used for evaluation of liquefaction potential of soil following available statistical method, artificial neural network (ANN) based method and multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP) based method. It is observed that some layers of the above soil are liquefiable considering a future seismic event of moment magnitude (Mw), 7. All the above three methods are predicting well the liquefaction and non-liquefaction cases.
Soil Stabilization using Tea waste
Authors: Harish P , Mahapatra Ashutosh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Black cotton soils have frequently subjected alternate swelling shrinkage, which gives differential settlement to buildings. In this study Tea Waste (TW) used as partial replacement of black cotton soil with proportions of 2.5 %, 5 %, 7.5 % and 10 %. Soil sample behaviour was observed by Compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, Liquid limit test, Plastic limit and specific gravity Test. The Maximum dry density and Optimum moisture content were decreased when proportion of Tea Waste is increases. When Tea Waste (TW) is mixed with the expansive soil, the Plastic limit and liquid limit decreases by mixing tea waste, which decreases plasticity index. Addition of Tea Waste resulted in appreciable increases in the CBR of the soil and got maximum @ 5 % Tea Waste (TW) with soil. CBR value was increased by 7.68 % at 5 % Tea Waste with soil.