bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Cut-off Points of Eosinophils, Nasal Polyp, and Lund-Mackay Scores to Predict Surgery in Nasal Polyposis: A Real-World Study
Authors: Virkkula P. , Penttilä E. , Vento S. I. , Myller J. , Koskinen A. , Hammarén-Malmi S. , Laulajainen-Hongisto A. , Hytönen M. , Lilja M. , Numminen J. , Sillanpää S. , Sahlman J. , Toppila-Salmi S. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundDeveloping tools to identify chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients requiring surgical treatment would help clinicians treat patients more effectively. The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to identify cut-off values ​​for eosinophil percentage, nasal polyps (NP), and Lund-Mackay (LM) scores that may predict the need for surgical treatment in Finnish CRSwNP patients.MethodsData of CRSwNP patients (N = 378) undergoing consultation for ESS in 2001–19 were used. Data was collected from patient records and Lund-Mackay scores were determined from sinus computed tomography scans. The percentage of eosinophils was microscopically evaluated from the polyp samples available (n = 81). Associations were analyzed by Mann Whitney U test, and cut-off values by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).ResultsESS was performed to 293 (77.5%) of patients. Polyp eosinophilia was associated significantly with ESS (p = 0.001), whereas peripheral blood eosinophil count, LM- score and endoscopic NP- score were not (p > 0.05). AUROC values (95% CI) for detecting those needing ESS were for polyp eosinophilia 0.71 (0.60–0.83), p = 0.001, for LM score 0.59 (0.50–0.67), p = 0.054; for NP score 0.56 (0.48–0.64), p = 0.17, and for blood eosinophil count 0.68 (0.46–0.90), p = 0.08. With the threshold value of polyp eosinophilia (>25%), the sensitivity and specificity were optimal for detecting the group needing ESS from the group not undergoing ESS. The cut-off value of blood eosinophil count (>0.26 × 109/L) had relatively good, yet statistically insignificant (underpowered), predictive potential. Moderate cut-off values were found for endoscopic LM score (≥14/24) and NP score (≥4/8).ConclusionsPolyp eosinophilia (>25%) predicted ESS among Finnish hospital-level CRSwNP patients. A future challenge would be to find less invasive and cost-effective clinical factors predicting uncontrolled CRSwNP.
The Learning Curve for Hip Arthroscopic Surgery: A Prospective Evaluation With 2-Year Outcomes in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: You Jae S. , Flores Sergio E. , Friedman James M. , Lansdown Drew A. , Zhang Alan L. 
Published: October 2020

Background: The use of hip arthroscopic surgery in the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is increasing, but it is universally known as a technically demanding procedure with a “steep” learning curve. There are limited data investigating the correlation between surgeon experience and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) as well as procedure and traction times. Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the relationship between surgeon experience and PROs after hip arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of FAI. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 190 patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI were prospectively enrolled during a sports medicine fellowship–trained surgeon’s first 36 months of practice. A radiographic evaluation as well as PRO surveys including the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), and the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) were administered preoperatively and at 2 years postoperatively. Logistic regression as well as analysis of variance was performed to evaluate for correlations between surgical experience and PROs, procedure time, and traction time. Results: Of the 190 patients, 168 (88%; mean age, 35.3 ± 9.6 years; mean body mass index, 25.07 ± 3.98) completed a 2-year follow-up and were included for analysis. The mean procedure time was 91.5 ± 23.9 minutes, and the mean traction time was 54.0 ± 17.7 minutes. Patients demonstrated significant improvements at 2 years after surgery for all PRO scores (mHHS, HOOS, and SF-12 physical component summary; P < .001), except the SF-12 mental component summary, which had no change ( P = .43). The procedure time significantly decreased after 70 cases, while the traction time continued to decrease until 110 cases ( R 2 = 0.99; P < .0001). There was no correlation between increasing case volume and 2-year PRO scores ( P > .2 for mHHS, HOOS, and SF-12). There was also no difference with increasing case volume and amount of improvement from preoperative to 2-year postoperative PRO scores for the SF-12 and HOOS. Case volume did not affect the complication rate, as this cohort experienced 4 minor cases of neurapraxia. Conclusion: Surgical efficiency in hip arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of FAI was maximized after 110 cases in this cohort. However, significant PRO improvements can be achieved early in a surgeon’s practice prior to maximizing surgical efficiency.
Pediatric and Adolescent Shoulder Instability: Does Insurance Status Predict Delays in Care, Outcomes, and Complication Rate?
Authors: Hung Nicole J. , Darevsky David M. , Pandya Nirav K. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Recurrent shoulder instability results from overuse injuries that are often associated with athletic activity. Timely diagnosis and treatment are necessary to prevent further dislocations and secondary joint damage. In pediatric and adolescent patients, insurance status is a potential barrier to accessing timely care that has not yet been explored. Purpose: To examine the effect of insurance status on access to clinical consultation, surgical intervention, and surgical outcome of pediatric and adolescent patients with recurrent shoulder instability. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of pediatric and adolescent patients who were treated at a single tertiary children’s hospital for recurrent shoulder instability between 2011 and 2017. Patients were sorted into private and public insurance cohorts. Dates of injury, consultation, and surgery were recorded. Number of previous dislocations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results, surgical findings, and postoperative complications were also noted. Delays in care were compared between the cohorts. The presence of isolated anterior versus complex labral pathology as well as bony involvement at the time of surgery was recorded. The incidences of labral pathology and secondary bony injury were then compared between the 2 cohorts. Postoperative notes were reviewed to compare rates of repeat dislocation and repeat surgery. Results: A total of 37 patients had public insurance, while 18 patients had private insurance. Privately insured patients were evaluated nearly 5 times faster than were publicly insured patients ( P < .001), and they obtained MRI scans over 4 times faster than did publicly insured patients ( P < .001). Publicly insured patients were twice as likely to have secondary bony injuries ( P = .016). Postoperatively, a significantly greater number (24.3%) of publicly insured patients experienced redislocation versus the complete absence of redislocation in the privately insured patients ( P = .022). Conclusion: Public insurance status affected access to care and was correlated with the development of secondary bony injury and a higher rate of postoperative dislocations. Clinicians should practice with increased awareness of how public insurance status can significantly affect patient outcomes by delaying access to care—particularly if delays lead to increased patient morbidity and health care costs.
Treatment and Outcomes for Cutaneous Periauricular Basal Cell Carcinoma: A 16‐Year Institutional Experience
Authors: Peters Mallory , Smith Joshua D. , Kovatch Kevin J. , McLean Scott , Durham Alison B. , Basura Gregory 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo report a single institutional experience with the surgical management of cutaneous periauricular basal cell carcinoma.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary academic center.MethodsRetrospective chart review of 71 patients diagnosed with periauricular basal cell carcinoma managed surgically from 2000 to 2016. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 73.0 years (interquartile range, 13.0). Of all lesions, 2.8% (n = 2) were preauricular, 80.3% (n = 57) auricular, and 16.9% (n=12) postauricular. Auricular subsites included conchal bowl (36.6%, n = 26), helix (21.1%, n = 15), antihelix (1.4%, n = 1), peritragus (5.6%, n = 4), triangular fossa (1.4%, n = 1), external auditory canal (2.8%, n = 2), and lobule skin (1.4%, n = 1). Surgical approach included wide local excision (80.3%, n = 57), partial auriculectomy (8.5%, n = 6), and total auriculectomy or other combinations of surgical methods (11.3%, n = 8). Due to aggressive pathology, 3 cases required concurrent parotidectomy, neck dissection, ear canal sleeve resection, or mastoidectomy. In sum, 52.1% (n = 37) of cases had clear margins on first pass in the operating room; 25.4% (n = 18) required further resection; and 12.7% (n = 9) demonstrated final positive/overturned margins read as negative from the frozen sections. Reconstruction included full‐thickness (25.4%, n = 18) or superficial‐thickness (29.6%, n = 21) skin grafts and local flap reconstruction (25.4%, n = 18), while 5.6% (n = 4) required combinations of free flap and/or other reconstruction techniques; 14.1% (n = 10) did not undergo formal reconstruction.ConclusionPeriauricular basal cell carcinoma occurs in anatomically diverse locations in and around the ear, and multiple surgical methods are required for successful treatment.
Real-world efficacy of the Hydrus microstent in Black and Afro-Latinx patients with glaucoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Laroche Daniel , Nkrumah Gideon , Ng Chester 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose was to determine the real-world efficacy of phacoemulsification cataract surgery and Hydrus microstent in Black and Afro-Latinx patients with glaucoma. Methods: A retrospective noncomparative single-center study of 76 Black and Afro-Latinx patients with glaucoma who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery and Hydrus microstent placement for treatment of glaucoma at single practice. Investigated parameters were intraocular pressure (IOP), number of medications, mean deviation on visual field test, and visual acuity. Patients were also subgrouped into mild, moderate, and advance glaucoma for further analysis. Results: We reviewed a total of 76 patients who had 6 months of follow up in the study. The mean number of medications decreased significantly from 2.6 ± 1.5 preoperatively to 0.72 ± 1.4 in 6 months ( p < 0.0010), while IOP decreased from 14.7 ± 3.7 to 13.9 ± 4.3 ( p = 0.25). At 6 months, 55 patients (74%) of all patients were medication free ( n = 27, 84.4% mild glaucoma; n = 17, 70.8% moderate glaucoma; n = 10, 50% advance glaucoma). There was significant improvement in visual acuity ( p < 0.00010) and stabilization of mean deviation on visual field test (baseline −9.2; 6 months −9.1; p = 0.22). The most common adverse effect was a transient IOP spike and transient corneal edema ( n = 6, 7.9%; n = 6, 7.9%, respectively) with spontaneous resolution in all cases. No sight-threatening complications were reported at 6 months. Conclusion/clinical relevance: This 6-month retrospective study demonstrated the efficacy of phacoemulsification cataract surgery and Hydrus microstent in reducing the medication burden while maintaining lower IOP in Black and Afro-Latinx patients with glaucoma.
Thunderbayite, TlAg3Au3Sb7S6, a new gold-bearing mineral from the Hemlo gold deposit, Marathon, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Bindi Luca , Roberts Andrew C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThunderbayite (IMA2020–042), ideally TlAg3Au3Sb7S6, is a new mineral from the Hemlo gold deposit, Marathon, Ontario, Canada. It occurs as very rare anhedral rims up to 70 μm across in contact with aurostibite and associated spatially with stibarsen, biagioniite and native gold in a calcite matrix. Thunderbayite is opaque with a metallic lustre and shows a black streak. In reflected light, thunderbayite is weakly bireflectant and faintly pleochroic from grey–blue to slightly greenish grey–blue. Under crossed polars, it is weakly anisotropic with bluish to light-blue rotation tints. Internal reflections are absent. Reflectance percentages for the four Commission on Ore Mineralogy wavelengths (Rmin, Rmax) are: 37.9, 38.4 (471.1 nm); 35.3, 36.0 (548.3 nm); 33.9, 34.4 (586.6 nm); and 32.0, 32.5 (652.3 nm), respectively. A mean of five electron-microprobe analyses gave Ag 14.91(16), Au 27.40(22), Tl 9.37(9), Sb 39.80(34) and S 8.61(7), for a total of 100.09 wt.%, corresponding, on the basis of a total of 20 atoms, to Tl1.00Ag3.01Au3.03Sb7.12S5.84. Thunderbayite is triclinic, space group P1, with a = 8.0882(5), b = 7.8492(5), c = 20.078(1) Å, α = 92.518(5), β = 93.739(5), γ = 90.028(6)°, V = 1270.73(9) Å3 and Z = 2. The five strongest powder-diffraction lines [d in Å (I/I0) (hkl)] are: 4.04 (100) (200); 3.92 (80) (020); 2.815 (50) (220/$\bar{2}$20); 2.566 (45) ($\bar{1}$17); and 2.727 (40) (0$\bar{1}$7). The crystal structure [R1 = 0.0220 for 5521 reflections with I > 2σ(I)] can be considered as a strongly deformed pyrite-type structure with several metal–metal bonds. Thunderbayite shows close similarities with criddleite, TlAg2Au3Sb10S10, from an optical, chemical and structural point of view. The new mineral is named for the Thunder Bay district, Ontario, in which the Hemlo gold deposit is located.
Using optimal control to understand complex metabolic pathways
Authors: Tsiantis Nikolaos , Banga Julio R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundOptimality principles have been used to explain the structure and behavior of living matter at different levels of organization, from basic phenomena at the molecular level, up to complex dynamics in whole populations. Most of these studies have assumed a single-criteria approach. Such optimality principles have been justified from an evolutionary perspective. In the context of the cell, previous studies have shown how dynamics of gene expression in small metabolic models can be explained assuming that cells have developed optimal adaptation strategies. Most of these works have considered rather simplified representations, such as small linear pathways, or reduced networks with a single branching point, and a single objective for the optimality criteria.ResultsHere we consider the extension of this approach to more realistic scenarios, i.e. biochemical pathways of arbitrary size and structure. We first show that exploiting optimality principles for these networks poses great challenges due to the complexity of the associated optimal control problems. Second, in order to surmount such challenges, we present a computational framework which has been designed with scalability and efficiency in mind, including mechanisms to avoid the most common pitfalls. Third, we illustrate its performance with several case studies considering the central carbon metabolism ofS. cerevisiaeandB. subtilis. In particular, we consider metabolic dynamics during nutrient shift experiments.ConclusionsWe show how multi-objective optimal control can be used to predict temporal profiles of enzyme activation and metabolite concentrations in complex metabolic pathways. Further, we also show how to consider general cost/benefit trade-offs. In this study we have considered metabolic pathways, but this computational framework can also be applied to analyze the dynamics of other complex pathways, such as signal transduction or gene regulatory networks.
Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis provides new insights into the mechanism of ray floret morphogenesis in chrysanthemum
Authors: Pu Ya , Huang He , Wen Xiaohui , Lu Chenfei , Zhang Bohan , Gu Xueqi , Qi Shuai , Fan Guangxun , Wang Wenkui , Dai Silan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The ray floret shapes referred to as petal types on the chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.) capitulum is extremely abundant, which is one of the most important ornamental traits of chrysanthemum. However, the regulatory mechanisms of different ray floret shapes are still unknown. C. vestitum is a major origin species of cultivated chrysanthemum and has flat, spoon, and tubular type of ray florets which are the three basic petal types of chrysanthemum. Therefore, it is an ideal model material for studying ray floret morphogenesis in chrysanthemum. Here, using morphological, gene expression and transcriptomic analyses of different ray floret types of C. vestitum, we explored the developmental processes and underlying regulatory networks of ray florets.

Results
The formation of the flat type was due to stagnation of its dorsal petal primordium, while the petal primordium of the tubular type had an intact ring shape. Morphological differences between the two ray floret types occurred during the initial stage with vigorous cell division. Analysis of genes related to flower development showed that CYCLOIDEA genes, including CYC2b, CYC2d, CYC2e, and CYC2f, were differentially expressed in different ray floret types, while the transcriptional levels of others, such as MADS-box genes, were not significantly different. Hormone-related genes, including SMALL AUXIN UPREGULATED RNA (SAUR), GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3), GIBBERELLIN 2-BETA-DIOXYGENASE 1 (GA2OX1) and APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF), were identified from 1532 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pairwise comparisons among the flat, spoon, and tubular types, with significantly higher expression in the tubular type than that in the flat type and potential involvement in the morphogenesis of different ray floret types.

Conclusions
Our findings, together with the gene interactional relationships reported for Arabidopsis thaliana, suggest that hormone-related genes are highly expressed in the tubular type, promoting petal cell division and leading to the formation of a complete ring of the petal primordium. These results provide novel insights into the morphological variation of ray floret of chrysanthemum.
Unlocking the efficiency of genomics laboratories with robotic liquid-handling
Authors: Tegally Houriiyah , San James Emmanuel , Giandhari Jennifer , de Oliveira Tulio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn research and clinical genomics laboratories today, sample preparation is the bottleneck of experiments, particularly when it comes to high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS). More genomics laboratories are now considering liquid-handling automation to make the sequencing workflow more efficient and cost effective. The question remains as to its suitability and return on investment. A number of points need to be carefully considered before introducing robots into biological laboratories. Here, we describe the state-of-the-art technology of both sophisticated and do-it-yourself (DIY) robotic liquid-handlers and provide a practical review of the motivation, implications and requirements of laboratory automation for genome sequencing experiments.
Hydrogen sulfide negatively regulates cd-induced cell death in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) root tip cells
Authors: Luo Shilei , Tang Zhongqi , Yu Jihua , Liao Weibiao , Xie Jianming , Lv Jian , Feng Zhi , Dawuda Mohammed Mujitaba 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas signal molecule involved in regulating plants tolerance to heavy metals stress. In this study, we investigated the role of H2S in cadmium-(Cd-) induced cell death of root tips of cucumber seedlings.ResultsThe results showed that the application of 200 μM Cd caused cell death, increased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), chromatin condensation, the release of Cytochrome c (Cyt c) from mitochondria and activated caspase-3-like protease. Pretreatment of seedlings with 100 μM sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS, a H2S donor) effectively alleviated the growth inhibition and reduced cell death of root tips caused by Cd stress. Additionally, NaHS + Cd treatment could decrease the ROS level and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity. Pretreatment with NaHS also inhibited the release of Cyt c from the mitochondria, the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), and the activity of caspase-3-like protease in the root tips of cucumber seedling under Cd stress.ConclusionH2S inhibited Cd-induced cell death in cucumber root tips by reducing ROS accumulation, activating the antioxidant system, inhibiting mitochondrial Cyt c release and reducing the opening of the MPTP. The results suggest that H2S is a negative regulator of Cd-induced cell death in the root tips of cucumber seedling.
The effect of revascularization on mortality and risk of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Alkharaza Ahmad , Al-Harbi Mousa , El-sokkari Ihab , Doucette Steve , MacIntyre Ciorsti , Gray Christopher , Abdelwahab Amir , Sapp John L. , Gardner Martin , Parkash Ratika 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
There is clear evidence that patients with prior myocardial infarction and a reduced ejection fraction benefit from implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). It is unclear whether this benefit is altered by whether or not revascularization is performed prior to ICD implantation.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study following patients who underwent ICD implantation from 2002 to 2014. Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and either primary or secondary prevention ICDs were selected for inclusion. Using the electronic medical record, cardiac catheterization data, revascularization status (percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary bypass surgery) were recorded. The outcomes were mortality and ventricular arrhythmia.

Results
There were 606 patients included in the analysis. The mean age was 66.3 ± 10.1 years, 11.9% were women, and the mean LVEF was 30.5 ± 12.0, 58.9% had a primary indication for ICD, 82.0% of the cohort had undergone coronary catheterization prior to ICD implantation. In the overall cohort, there were fewer mortality and ventricular arrhythmia events in patients who had undergone prior revascularization. In patients who had an ICD for secondary prevention, revascularization was associated with a decrease in mortality (HR 0.46, 95% CI (0.24, 0.85) p = 0.015), and a trend towards fewer ventricular arrhythmia (HR 0.62, 95% CI (0.38, 1.00) p = 0.051). There was no association between death or ventricular arrhythmia with revascularization in patients with primary prevention ICDs.

Conclusion
Revascularization may be beneficial in preventing recurrent ventricular arrhythmia, and should be considered as adjunctive therapy to ICD implantation to improve cardiovascular outcomes.