bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volume of Tidal Gas Movement in Nonventilated Lung During One-lung Ventilation and its Relevant Factors
Authors: Wei Jionglin , Gao Lei , Zhang Mengting , Sun Fafa , Gu Weidong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Effective collapse of the nonventilated lung is important for exposure of critical structures during thoracoscopic surgery. The passive ventilation of nonventilated lung results in tidal gas movement (TGM) and thus affects the lung collapse. The present study aimed to measure the volume of TGM and to establish a mathematical model to predict the volume of TGM.METHODS: One hundred and sixty-five patients scheduled for elective thoracoscopic surgeries were enrolled. Lung isolation was achieved with a double-lumen endobronchial tube (DLT). The pediatric spirometry sensor was connected to the double-lumen connector of the non-ventilated lung to measure the volume of the TGM during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in lateral position. Other variables were also recorded: 1) age, gender, height, the deviation between actual body weight and ideal body weight (ABW-IBW); 2) forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV 1 /FVC, minute ventilation volume (MVV); 3) dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) and airway resistance (Raw) during dual lung ventilation; 4) the side of OLV; 5) whether lung puncture for localization of pulmonary nodule was performed on the surgery day. RESULTS: The volume of tidal gas movement in the nonventilated lung during one-lung ventilation was 78 ± 26 mL. Gender, side of OLV, FVC and Cdyn independently correlated with the volume of TGM (P<0.05). The linear regression model for the volume of TGM was deduced: TGM (mL)=C+16.452×a-8.371×b+14.017×c+0.206×d. C: Constant=26.915 mL; a: male=1, female=－1; b: right OLV=1, left OLV=－1; c: FVC (L); d: Cdyn (mL/cmH 2 O). CONCLUSIONS: The tidal gas movement of the nonventilated lung during one-lung ventilation does exist. Gender, FVC, side of OLV and Cdyn independently correlate with the volume of TGM. Trial registration: This clinical research was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn , ChiCTR1900024220, date of registration: July 1 st , 2019). Key Words: tidal gas movement, one-lung ventilation, lung collapse, double-lumen endobronchial tube, dynamic lung compliance, thoracoscopy
Effect of Smoking Cessation On Tooth Loss: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Souto Maria Luisa Silveira , Rovai Emanuel Silva , Villar Cristina Cunha , Braga Mariana Minatel , Pannuti Claudio Mendes 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontitis and tooth loss. Smoking cessation has a positive impact in periodontal treatment. However, so far, no systematic reviewhas evaluatedthe effect of smoking cessation on tooth loss. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate if smoking cessation reduces the risk of tooth loss. Methods: Observational (cross-sectional and longitudinal) studiesthat investigated the association between smoking cessation and tooth loss were included. MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS databases were searched for articles published up to November 2018. Pooled results for subgroups of current and former smokers were compared in meta-analysis. Meta-regression was used to test the influence of smoking status on estimates and explore the heterogeneity. Results: Of 230 potentially relevant publications, 21 studies were included in the qualitative review and 12 in the quantitative analysis. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies did not show any differences between former and current smokers in the chance of losing 1 or more teeth (OR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.80 to 1.24, I 2 = 80%), losing more than 8 teeth (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.78 to 1.32, I 2 = 0%) or being edentulous (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.94 to 1.99, I 2 = 98%). Meta-analysis from longitudinal studies showed that, when compared to never smokers, former smokers presented no increased risk of tooth loss (RR = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.35, I 2 = 76%), while current smokers presented an increased risk of tooth loss (RR = 2.60; 95% CI = 2.29 to 2.96, I 2 = 61%). Meta-regression showed that, among former smokers, the time of cessation was the variable that better explained heterogeneity (approximately 60%). Conclusions: Risk for tooth loss in former smokers is comparable to that of never smokers. Moreover, former smokers have a reduced risk of tooth loss, when compared to current smokers.
Oral health of children and adolescents with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) living in residential care in rural Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Authors: Ehlers Vicky , Callaway Angelika , Wantzen Sophia , Patyna Michael , Deschner James , Azrak Birgül 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as childhood neurobehavioural disorder. Due to short attention span, oral hygiene and dental treatment of such individuals can be challenging. Aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health of children and adolescents with and without ADHD living in residential care in rural Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Methods: Included in the study were 79 participants (male/female:58/21, age 9-15 years) living in residential care: 34 participants with ADHD and 45 participants without ADHD (control). Oral examination included the following parameters decayed, missing, filled teeth in the primary dentition (dmft), decayed, missing, filled surfaces/teeth in the secondary dentition (DMFS/DMFT), approximal plaque index (API), bruxism and orthodontic treatment. Additionally, oral hygiene, last dental visit and treatment performed, and dietary habits were assessed by questionnaire.
Results: There were no significant differences in dmft, API, bruxism and oral hygiene habits between groups. However, participants with ADHD tended to have higher DMFS/DMFT values than the control group. Ongoing orthodontic treatment was found more often in the control group. The ADHD group tended to consume acidic/sugary beverages and sweet snacks more often than the controls. Different treatments (control visit/prophylaxis, dental therapy, orthodontic treatment) were performed at the last dental visit in the two groups.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, oral health was similar in children and adolescents with or without ADHD from the same residential care setting. Parents/guardians need instructions for better supervision of oral hygiene and dietary habits to improve the poor oral health of children with or without ADHD.
Malic enzyme 1 may be a novel target of breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Liu Chang , Lin Shuchen , Zhao Yannan , Cao Jun , Tao Zhonghua , Hu Xichun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) catalyzes malate to pyruvate and thus promotes glycolysis, playing a part in the Warburg effect. It also has a potential role in tumor progression, but its function in breast cancer remains to be fully clarified. This work aimed to investigate the prognostic value of ME1 and its possible mechanism in breast cancer.Methods We evaluated ME1 expression in 220 early breast cancer patients with tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry and explored the relationships between ME1 expression and clinicopathological features. Survival analyses were further performed to determine its prognostic value. The public database was used to confirm tissue microarray results. Moreover, we profiled ME1 expression in breast cancer cell lines via western blotting, and then assessed it in cell viability and motility via Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, transwell migration and invasion assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by dihydroethidium (DHE) and 2’,7’-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA).Results In breast cancer tissues, high ME1 expression was significantly associated with larger tumor size, more lymph node metastasis and more extensive lymph-vascular invasion. Survival analysis showed high ME1 expression was significantly correlated with worse recurrence free survival (RFS). Multivariate analysis further identified high ME1 expression as an independent prognostic factor for RFS, which was confirmed by mRNA results in the public database. In vitro , human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive and triple negative breast cancer cell lines showed higher expression of ME1, while Luminal cell lines showed lower expression of ME1. Upregulation of ME1 by transfecting MCF-7 cells with virus vector remarkably enhanced viability and motility, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and decreased ROS levels, whereas knockdown of this gene in MDA-MB-468 cells produced totally opposite effects as expected. More important, when pretreated with hydrogen peroxide, an oxidizing agent, MCF-7 cells overexpressing ME1 lost its motility, whereas MDA-MB-468 cells with knock-down of ME1 restored its motility when pretreated with N-acetyl cysteine, an antioxidant.Conclusions To our knowledge, these clinical and experiment work first suggested that ME1 may be a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer metastasis, and its biological effect is mainly controlled by manipulating ROS.
Psychometric Properties of Instrumented Postural Sway Measures Recorded in Community Settings in Independent Living Older Adults
Authors: Alqahtani Bader , Sparto Patrick J. , Whitney Susan L. , Greenspan Susan L. , Perera Subashan , Brach Jennifer S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: In the last few decades, research related to balance in older adults has been conducted in lab-based settings. The lack of portability and high cost that is associated with the current gold standard methods to quantify body balance, limits their application to community settings such as independent living facilities. The purpose of the study was to examine the test-retest reliability and the convergent validity of static standing balance performance using an accelerometer device. Methods: A total of 131 subjects (85% female, mean age 80 ± 8 years) were included for the validity aim, and a sample of 38 subjects were enrolled in the reliability testing (89% female, mean age 76 ± 7 years). Acceleration data in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions was collected for different standing balance conditions. Test-retest reliability was assessed over two testing visits occurring one week apart. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to test convergent validity at baseline. Results: Balance measurements showed good to excellent reliability in most of measured parameters and were correlated with mobility measurements. Conclusions: Using a portable accelerometer to quantify static standing postural control provides reliable measurements in community settings.
Epidemiological, Clinical characteristics and Drug resistance situation of Culture-confirmed Children TBM in Southwest of China: A 6-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Dong-Mei , Li Qing-Feng , Zhu Ma , Wu Gui-Hui , Li Xi , Xu Yuan-Hong , Zhong Jing , Luo Jia , Li Ying-Jie , Ying Bin-Wu , Tao Chuan-Min 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background : Sichuan is a province located in southwestern China, which have a higher incidence of tuberculosis (TB).This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological, clinical characteristics, and drug resistance in culture-confirmed children with Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) in Southwest of China.
Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study of children with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture-confirmed TBM who were <14 years of age between January 2013 and December 2018 at Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu (PHCCC). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) drug sensitivity testing (DST) was performed using the MicroDST TM method. The age, gender, family history of tuberculosis, status of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, residential areas information, clinical, laboratory and radiological features were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics Client 25.0, and the change in drug resistance rate was analyzed using the Cruskal-Wallis test.
Results: From 319 TBM initially recruited patients,42 cases were Mycobacterialculture-positive, with the positive rate of 13.2 per 100 patients. Theirmedian age was nine years, sex distribution was equal. Among 42 patients who were enrolled in the study, 1/42 (2.38%) died. Children with TBM in the southwest of China were mainly concentrated in the minority areas of western Sichuan. In fact, 34/42 (81.0%) patients with TBM belonged to ethnic minorities, and only 2/42 (4.76%) had BCG vaccination histories.All the 42 patients had varying degrees of chest X-rays changes and 18/42 (42.9%) merger of extracranial TB. Fever and headache were the most common presenting symptom. Thirty-five (83.3%) patients suffered from neck stiffness and 30/42 (71.4%) had high CSF pressure. DST results showed that the resistance rate was high; resistance to any anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) was 13 (31.0%), and to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and XDR it was 2 (4.8%) and 1 (2.4%), respectively.
Conclusions : TBM in children in Southwest China was mainly concentrated in the minority areas of western Sichuan. The most common symptoms were fever, headache and neck stiffness and all patients had positive chest X-ray findings. High rates of drug resistance were founded. In addition, more than 95% of patients did not receive BCG vaccination at birth.
Penguasa, Tuhan, dan Rakyat: Membaca Apokalips Daniel 7 sebagai Subversi
Authors: Setio Robert 
Published: October 2019

Because of its cryptic nature apocalypse Daniel 7 has been interpreted in many ways. Often it is linked to the end of time teachings. This kind of interpretation is problematic. First, while emphasizing the dark side of the prophecy, it fails to capture its main intention which is optimism toward the future. Second, apocalypse contains dualistic ideas, but, they are not supposed to be separated, let alone taking one side over the other. Apocalyptic dualism should be treated as an oscillating, always negotiating positions, tensional but creativecollisions. This article shows a reading of apocalypse that reveals dualism as an integrated entity. It also considers theological consequences of such a reading. While being placed within the world’s history, God is deeply involved in worldly drama which consists of tragedy, as well as, comedy. On the political side, this reading demonstrates that imperial history does not run by itself, but, always prones to subversive movements.
Experimental study on ground vibration response in gun firing environment
Authors: Wang Baoyuan , Lei Qiang , Wang Dongying 
Published: October 2019

In order to know the ground vibration response law of gun firing environment, a large caliber gun was taken as the research object, and the ground vibration response law of gun firing environment was tested. Several acceleration sensors are arranged on the ground around the gun, and the ground vibration acceleration response laws of the gun position in the firing environment are obtained. The firing of gun will cause the ground vibration of gun position. In the bore period, as long as the projectile is fired, there will be acceleration response on the ground of the gun position. The maximum acceleration response of ground vibration in the bore period of projectile is less than 0.03 g. The maximum acceleration response of ground vibration is less than 0.1 g after projectile exits the muzzle and before the muzzle shock wave reaches the ground. If the sensor bracket is placed on the ground around the gun, when the muzzle shock wave does not reach the sensor position, the influence of ground vibration on the sensor can be neglected. Once the muzzle shock wave reaches the sensor position, its influence should be paid attention to.
Research on the dynamic characteristics of the squeeze film damper of a certain aero-engine
Authors: Liao Xue-Min , Luo Gui-Huo , Feng Zhao-Jun , Chen Li-Jia , Zheng Nan 
Published: October 2019

Numerical methods were conducted to simulate the characteristics of SFD under different clearance, eccentricity and precession angular velocity and verified by bidirectional excitation experiments, which is comparatively leading initiative in characteristic measurement of SFD. In addition, finite difference method was introduced to derive Reynolds equation and SOR method to obtain the distribution of oil film, the convergence was also mathematical proof. The results indicate the rotor system keep large vibration state for a long time due to the increasing of actual critical speed of system, which result from the oil film stiffness increases nonlinear excessively with the increase of eccentricity; clearance make a great influence on SFD, especially SFD with large radial size should be kept within 2 ‰.
Barium exposure of an invasive breast cancer cluster investigation – quantitative drinking water chemistry for carcinogen search
Authors: Kamlade Paul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Quantitative review of oral barium exposure was conducted using drinking water metals data from the confirmed sixfold (18-fold15–39 years) Brisbane Australia invasive breast cancer cluster (IBC) investigation, which also included fivefold duct carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The new approach here was to assess sub-guideline on-site water system barium fluctuations and use cancer slope factor (CSF) firstly to profile match barium as a carcinogen, then correlate risk. Dissolved barium was converting, up to 71%, into non-dissolved forms in the cluster location; with only up to 3% in a comparison location. A CSF of approximately 330 (mg L−1)−1 gave a chemistry-based number of women of 12, consistent with 14 originally (mostly IBC), less 2 per general population biostatistics. The comparison location gave null women numbers. One-woman IBC correlated to 0.0018 mg/L barium, comparable to the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) 0.002 mg/L, 10−4 cancer risk for arsenic. The two- to fivefold San Diego USA IBC cluster had barium as the only metal in common with Brisbane; and, breast cancer alcohol risk factor fingered barium qualitatively. It is put that barium causes IBC and DCIS; proof submitted hereby to wider scrutiny. The relevant barium exposure was likely calcium coprecipitated.
Uncertainty of annual runoff projections in Lithuanian rivers under a future climate
Authors: Akstinas V. , Jakimavičius D. , Meilutytė-Lukauskienė D. , Kriaučiūnienė J. , Šarauskienė D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Uncertainties of runoff projections arise from different sources of origin, such as climate scenarios (RCPs), global climate models (GCMs) and statistical downscaling (SD) methods. Assessment of uncertainties related to the mentioned sources was carried out for selected rivers of Lithuania (Minija, Nevėžis and Šventoji). These rivers reflect conditions of different hydrological regions (western, central and southeastern). Using HBV software, hydrological models were created for river runoff projections in the near (2021–2040) and far (2081–2100) future. The runoff projections according to three RCP scenarios, three GCMs and three SD methods were created. In the Western hydrological region represented by the Minija River, the GCMs were the most dominant uncertainty source (41.0–44.5%) in the runoff projections. Meanwhile, uncertainties of runoff projections from central (Nevėžis River) and southeastern (Šventoji River) regions of Lithuania were related to SD methods and the range of uncertainties fluctuates from 39.4% to 60.9%. In western Lithuania, the main source of rivers' supply is precipitation, where projections highly depend on selected GCMs. The rivers from central and southeastern regions are more sensitive to the SD methods, which not always precisely adjust the meteorological variables from a large grid cell of GCM into catchment scale.
Impacts of land use changes and climate variability on transboundary Hirmand River using SWAT
Authors: Hajihosseini Mohammadreza , Hajihosseini Hamidreza , Morid Saeed , Delavar Majid , Booij Martijn J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Many river basins are facing a reduction of flows which might be attributed to changes in climate and human activities. This issue is very important in transboundary river basins, where already existing conflicts about shared water resources between riparian countries can easily escalate. The decrease of streamflow in the transboundary Hirmand (Helmand) River is one of the main challenges for water resources management in Iran and Afghanistan. This research aims to quantify the causes of this problem which has a direct impact on the dryness of the Hamoun wetlands being an international Ramsar site. To achieve this, the land use changes in the Middle Helmand Basin (MHB) in Afghanistan were evaluated for three time periods between 1990 and 2011 using remote sensing data and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Model for understanding watershed response to environmental changes. It was concluded that the total irrigated area in the region has increased from 103,000 ha in 1990 to 122,000 ha in 2001 and 167,000 ha in 2011 (62% increase). According to the results, the average annual discharge when adapting the land use during the simulations was 4,787 million cubic meters (MCM)/year and while employing the land use of 1990 from the beginning of the simulations, the average annual discharge was 5,133 MCM/year. Therefore, the agricultural developments in the Helmand basin decreased the discharge with about 346 MCM/year accompanying an increase of 64,000 ha in an irrigated area in MHB after 1990. Notably, the impact of land use change increases significantly for more recent periods and causes a reduction of 810 MCM in annual streamflow for the MHB. The amount of water depletion (i.e. actual evapotranspiration) per hectare has increased from 5,690 in 1985 to 7,320 m3 in 2012. The applied methodology of this study is useful to cope with such a data scarcity region. It can help quantify the impact of land use change on the region and formulates strategies that can improve the situation between Iran and Afghanistan.
Size optimization of a hybrid PV/wind/diesel/battery power system for reverse osmosis desalination
Authors: Xu Daming , Acker Tom , Zhang Xuhui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study was to find the optimal configuration for an independent renewable energy system for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. The objective was to find the lowest levelized cost of energy (LCOE), with power reliability as the constraint. A genetic algorithm was used to solve the nonlinear integer programming program. A site with brackish groundwater in Arizona, USA was selected. The capacity of the RO system was 18.93 m3/d (5,000 gal/d), requiring a constant power consumption of 3.95 kW. Two scenarios were considered in terms of diesel generator (DG) allowed running time. The results showed that the optimal configuration was a hybrid photovoltaic/wind/diesel/battery system with 0.56 USD/kWh and the corresponding levelized cost of water 3.84 USD/m3, when the DG can run in any hour every day. The optimal solution was a hybrid wind/photovoltaic/battery system with 0.69 USD/kWh and 4.48 USD/m3, when the DG can run between 9 am and 9 pm every day for noise control. Both the two LCOWs were about half of the 7.9 USD/m3 currently paid by residents that live in the area. Sensitivity analyses showed the LCOE was fairly insensitive to photovoltaic panel tilt angle over a range for both the two configurations.