bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Technology on Prescribing Errors in Pediatric Intensive Care: A Before and After Study
Authors: Howlett Moninne M. , Butler Eileen , Lavelle Karen M. , Cleary Brian J. , Breatnach Cormac V. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Increased use of health information technology (HIT) has been advocated as a medication error reduction strategy. Evidence of its benefits in the pediatric setting remains limited. In 2012, electronic prescribing (ICCA, Philips, United Kingdom) and standard concentration infusions (SCIs)—facilitated by smart-pump technology—were introduced into the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of an Irish tertiary-care pediatric hospital.
Objective The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the new technology on the rate and severity of PICU prescribing errors and identify technology-generated errors.
Methods A retrospective, before and after study design, was employed. Medication orders were reviewed over 24 weeks distributed across four time periods: preimplementation (Epoch 1); postimplementation of SCIs (Epoch 2); immediate postimplementation of electronic prescribing (Epoch 3); and 1 year postimplementation (Epoch 4). Only orders reviewed by a clinical pharmacist were included. Prespecified definitions, multidisciplinary consensus and validated grading methods were utilized.
Results A total of 3,356 medication orders for 288 patients were included. Overall error rates were similar in Epoch 1 and 4 (10.2 vs. 9.8%; p = 0.8), but error types differed (p < 0.001). Incomplete and wrong unit errors were eradicated; duplicate orders increased. Dosing errors remained most common. A total of 27% of postimplementation errors were technology-generated. Implementation of SCIs alone was associated with significant reductions in infusion-related prescribing errors (29.0% [Epoch 1] to 14.6% [Epoch 2]; p < 0.001). Further reductions (8.4% [Epoch 4]) were identified after implementation of electronically generated infusion orders. Non-infusion error severity was unchanged (p = 0.13); fewer infusion errors reached the patient (p < 0.01). No errors causing harm were identified.
Conclusion The limitations of electronic prescribing in reducing overall prescribing errors in PICU have been demonstrated. The replacement of weight-based infusions with SCIs was associated with significant reductions in infusion prescribing errors. Technology-generated errors were common, highlighting the need for on-going research on HIT implementation in pediatric settings.
Pierquin Syndrome: Report of a New Case
Authors: Cammarata-Scalisi Francisco , Willoughby Colin Eric , Lacruz- Rengel María Angelina , Bertini Enrico Silvio , Callea Michele 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPierquin syndrome is a rare genetic entity characterized by the association of Dandy–Walker malformation and postaxial polydactyly. The incidence is uncertain with only six cases previously reported in the literature. In this study, we reported a new case of Pierquin syndrome born from consanguineous parents, characterized by Dandy–Walker malformation, postaxial polydactyly, and congenital heart disease. The case reinforces an autosomal recessive modality of inheritance and expands the phenotypic spectrum of this rare malformation syndrome.
Sentence imitations in monolingual and early second language learners and the implications for grammar
teaching
Authors: Cristante Valentina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the present article I investigated whether data obtained from 7-year-old German L1 and German-Turkish eL2
children by means of an elicited imitation task including grammatical and ungrammatical sentences mirrored current findings in
acquisition research concerning case marking, adjective inflection, V2 position and finiteness. The results show that L1 children
have full mastery of all four phenomena, as they revealed a greater tendency to correct ungrammatical sentences than to introduce
errors into grammatical sentences. On the other hand, eL2 children differed from L1 children in terms of how they dealt with the
noun-related phenomena, as they did not reveal a clear preference for either changing grammatical items or correcting
ungrammatical items. In the discussion, I propose how to minimise the likelihood that participants simply repeat ungrammatical
items verbatim in further imitation studies and be thus able to collect more reliable data on their grammatical knowledge. The
article ends with a proposal for a primary school exercise on case marking that involves correcting errors on case marking. The
suggestion is that ungrammatical sentences can be used in grammar teaching to assess pupils’ linguistic knowledge and also to
guide their attention to specific regularities of the language, thus stimulating language reflection.
Food Insecurity and Substance use in People with HIV Infection and Substance use Disorder
Authors: Raja Akila , Heeren Timothy C. , Walley Alexander Y. , Winter Michael R. , Mesic Aldina , Saitz Richard 
Published: May 2020

Background Food insecurity and substance use are common among people living with HIV (PLWH). Substance use may help people cope with hunger and thus be associated with food insecurity, but the association is uncertain. This study assessed whether, in PLWH and substance dependence, if there was an association between food insecurity and substance use. Methods We studied adults with HIV and current substance dependence or ever injection drug use interviewed at 12 and 24 months after enrollment in a prospective cohort study. The presence of food insecurity (insufficient food quantity or quality, or anxiety about its availability) was assessed using the Household Food Insecurity Assessment Scale questionnaire (HFIAS). Unhealthy alcohol use was assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test – Consumption (AUDIT-C) and past 30-day other drug use with the Addiction Severity Index. Associations using repeat cross-sectional data from each of two time-points, 12 months apart, from the same participants were tested using generalized estimating equations logistic regressions. Results The 233 participants had a mean age of 50 years and 65% were male. At the first interview, 44% reported food insecurity, 40% unhealthy alcohol use, 25% past 30-day cocaine use, and 17% past 30-day illicit opioid use. In analyses adjusted for demographics, social factors, physical and mental health function, and substance use related variables, there was no significant association between food insecurity and unhealthy alcohol use (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.06 (95% CI: 0.59, 1.87)). Those with food insecurity had higher odds of illicit opioid use (aOR = 2.5 (95% CI: 1.12, 5.58)) and cocaine use (aOR = 1.95 (CI 95%: 1.00, 3.81)). Conclusion Food insecurity was not associated with unhealthy alcohol use but was associated with cocaine and illicit opioid use. Given the prevalence and impact substance use has on PLWH, food insecurity should be identified and addressed.
Self-testing and certification using trusted quantum inputs
Authors: Šupić Ivan , Hoban Matty J , Colomer Laia Domingo , Acín Antonio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Device-independent certification of quantum devices is of crucial importance for the development of secure quantum information protocols. So far, the most studied scenario corresponds to a system consisting of different non-characterized devices that observers probe with classical inputs to obtain classical outputs. The certification of relevant quantum properties follows from the observation of correlations between these events that do not have a classical counterpart. In the fully device-independent scenario no assumptions are made on the devices and therefore their non-classicality follows from Bell non-locality. There exist other scenarios, known as semi-device-independent, in which assumptions are made on the devices, such as their dimension, and non-classicality is associated to the observation of other types of correlations with no classical analogue. More recently, the use of trusted quantum inputs for certification has been introduced. The goal of this work is to study the power of this formalism and describe self-testing protocols in various settings using trusted quantum inputs. We also relate these different types of self-testing to some of the most basic quantum information protocols, such as quantum teleportation. Finally, we apply our findings to quantum networks and provide methods for estimating the quality of the whole network, as well as of parts of it.
Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion in heterogeneous media: from superstatistics to homogenization
Authors: Postnikov E B , Chechkin A , Sokolov I M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We discuss the situations under which Brownian yet non-Gaussian (BnG) diffusion can be observed in the model of a particle’s motion in a random landscape of diffusion coefficients slowly varying in space (quenched disorder). Our conclusion is that such behavior is extremely unlikely in the situations when the particles, introduced into the system at random at t = 0, are observed from the preparation of the system on. However, it indeed may arise in the case when the diffusion (as described in Ito interpretation) is observed under equilibrated conditions. This paradigmatic situation can be translated into the model of the diffusion coefficient fluctuating in time along a trajectory, i.e. into a kind of the ‘diffusing diffusivity’ model.
Throughput reduction on an air-ground transport system by the simultaneous effect of multiple traveling routes equipped with parking sites
Authors: Tsuzuki Satori , Yanagisawa Daichi , Nishinari Katsuhiro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the traffic flows on a two-dimensional stochastic lattice model that comprises a junction of two traveling routes: the domestic route and the international route each of which has parking sites. In our model, the system distributes the arrived particles to either of the two routes and selects one of the parking sites in the route for each particle, which stops at the parking site once during its travel. Because each particle has antennas in the back and front directions to detect other approaching particles, the effect of the volume exclusion of each particle extends in the moving direction. The system displays interesting behavior; remarkably, the dependence of the throughput on the distribution ratio of particles to the domestic route reduces after reaching the maximum parking capacity of the domestic route. Our simulations and analysis with the queueing model describe this phenomenon and suggest the following fact: as the distribution ratio of particles to the international route decreases, the throughput of the international route reduces, and simultaneously, that of the domestic route saturates. The simultaneous effect of the decrease and saturation causes a reduction in the throughput of the entire system.
Star-fundamental algebras: polynomial identities and asymptotics
Authors: Giambruno Antonio , La Mattina Daniela , Polcino Milies Cesar 
Published: May 2020

We introduce the notion of star-fundamental algebra over a field of characteristic zero. We prove that in the framework of the theory of polynomial identities, these algebras are the building blocks of a finite dimensional algebra with involution

∗
*

.

To any star-algebra

A
A

is attached a numerical sequence

c
n
∗

(
A
)

c_n^*(A)

,

n
≥
1

n\ge 1

, called the sequence of

∗
*

-codimensions of

A
A

. Its asymptotic is an invariant giving a measure of the

∗
*

-polynomial identities satisfied by

A
A

. It is well known that for a PI-algebra such a sequence is exponentially bounded and

exp
∗

⁡
(
A
)
=

lim

n
→
∞

c
n
∗

(
A
)

n

\exp ^*(A)=\lim _{n\to \infty }\sqrt [n]{c_n^*(A)}

can be explicitly computed. Here we prove that if

A
A

is a star-fundamental algebra,

C
1

n
t

exp
∗

⁡
(
A

)
n

≤

c
n
∗

(
A
)
≤

C
2

n
t

exp
∗

⁡
(
A

)
n

,

\begin{equation*} C_1n^t\exp ^*(A)^n\le c_n^*(A)\le C_2n^t \exp ^*(A)^n, \end{equation*}

where

C
1

>
0
,

C
2

,
t

C_1>0,C_2, t

are constants and

t
t

is explicitly computed as a linear function of the dimension of the skew semisimple part of

A
A

and the nilpotency index of the Jacobson radical of

A
A

. We also prove that any finite dimensional star-algebra has the same

∗
*

-identities as a finite direct sum of star-fundamental algebras. As a consequence, by the main result in [J. Algebra 383 (2013), pp. 144–167] we get that if

A
A

is any finitely generated star-algebra satisfying a polynomial identity, then the above still holds and, so,

lim

n
→
∞

log
n

⁡

c
n
∗

(
A
)

exp
∗

⁡
(
A

)
n

\lim _{n\to \infty }\log _n \frac {c_n^*(A)}{\exp ^*(A)^n}

exists and is an integer or half an integer.
The shape of avian eggs: Assessment of a novel metric for quantifying eggshell conicality
Authors: Hays Ian R , Ljubičić Iva , Hauber Mark E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Studying the avian egg, its shape, and other aspects of its morphology, has recently undergone a renaissance. Yet most studies rely solely on 2, albeit multicomponent, metrics for the quantification of egg shape: elongation and asymmetry. The difficulty of quantifying an additional trait, the curvature, of an eggshell has yielded many attempts, including several with complex equations or spatial modeling techniques based on digitized images. Yet most of these approaches have lacked an independent single-variable metric, hampering comparative studies especially. We propose a metric for one common quality of egg shape, conicality, which is notably variable across different species’ calcareous shells, including shorebirds and non-avian theropods. This metric utilizes multiple measurements of the slope along an egg’s profile to produce a distribution of angular measurements, which can be analyzed with a kurtosis value. We tested this metric with sets of computer-generated and 3-dimensional-printed egg forms, where elongation, the percentage of conicality, and the relative curvature of the shell profile were systematically manipulated. For applicability to natural eggs and their diversity across taxa, the kurtosis value was used to quantify the gradient of conicality across a focal avian family, Alcidae, where the extreme ranges of kurtosis values successfully identified eggs qualitatively described as most conical in previous studies. Given the significance of egg morphology and profile curvature to eggshells’ structural integrity, surface area-to-volume ratio, mobility/stability, nesting behavior, embryonic development, and individual recognition, our proposed measure of conicality could prove a useful variable to the study of avian and non-avian egg-producing species.
COUP-TFI/Nr2f1 Orchestrates Intrinsic Neuronal Activity during Development of the Somatosensory Cortex
Authors: Del Pino Isabel , Tocco Chiara , Magrinelli Elia , Marcantoni Andrea , Ferraguto Celeste , Tomagra Giulia , Bertacchi Michele , Alfano Christian , Leinekugel Xavier , Frick Andreas , Studer Michèle 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The formation of functional cortical maps in the cerebral cortex results from a timely regulated interaction between intrinsic genetic mechanisms and electrical activity. To understand how transcriptional regulation influences network activity and neuronal excitability within the neocortex, we used mice deficient for Nr2f1 (also known as COUP-TFI), a key determinant of primary somatosensory (S1) area specification during development. We found that the cortical loss of Nr2f1 impacts on spontaneous network activity and synchronization of S1 cortex at perinatal stages. In addition, we observed alterations in the intrinsic excitability and morphological features of layer V pyramidal neurons. Accordingly, we identified distinct voltage-gated ion channels regulated by Nr2f1 that might directly influence intrinsic bioelectrical properties during critical time windows of S1 cortex specification. Altogether, our data suggest a tight link between Nr2f1 and neuronal excitability in the developmental sequence that ultimately sculpts the emergence of cortical network activity within the immature neocortex.
A Call for Caution in Use of Pertussis Vaccine Effectiveness Studies to Estimate Waning Immunity: A Canadian Immunization Research Network Study
Authors: Crowcroft Natasha S , Schwartz Kevin L , Savage Rachel D , Chen Cynthia , Johnson Caitlin , Li Ye , Marchand-Austin Alex , Bolotin Shelly , Deeks Shelley L , Jamieson Frances B , Drews Steven J , Russell Margaret L , Svenson Lawrence W , Simmonds Kimberley , Righolt Christiaan H , Bell Christopher , Mahmud Salaheddin M , Kwong Jeffrey C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies provide essential evidence on waning vaccine-derived immunity, a major threat to pertussis control. We evaluated how study design affects estimates by comparing 2 case-control studies conducted in Ontario, Canada.

Methods
We compared results from a test-negative design (TND) with a frequency-matched design (FMD) case-control study using pertussis cases from 2005–2015. In the first study, we identified test-negative controls from the public health laboratory that diagnosed cases and, in the second, randomly selected controls from patients attending the same physicians that reported cases, frequency matched on age and year. We compared characteristics of cases and controls using standardized differences.

Results
In both designs, VE estimates for the early years postimmunization were consistent with clinical trials (TND, 84%; FMD, 89% at 1–3 years postvaccination) but diverged as time since last vaccination increased (TND, 41%; FMD, 74% by 8 years postvaccination). Overall, we observed lower VE and faster waning in the TND than the FMD. In the TND but not FMD, controls differed from cases in important confounders, being younger, having more comorbidities, and higher healthcare use. Differences between the controls of each design were greater than differences between cases. TND controls were more likely to be unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated than FMD controls (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The FMD adjusted better for healthcare-seeking behavior than the TND. Duration of protection from pertussis vaccines is unclear because estimates vary by study design. Caution should be exercised by experts, researchers, and decision makers when evaluating evidence on optimal timing of boosters.
Gastric ischemic preconditioning may reduce the incidence and severity of anastomotic leakage after οesophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Michalinos Adamantios , Antoniou Stavros A , Ntourakis Dimitrios , Schizas Dimitrios , Ekmektzoglou Konstantinos , Angouridis Aris , Johnson Elizabeth O 
Published: May 2020

Summary
Anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy is a severe and life-threatening complication. Gastric ischemic preconditioning is a strategy for the improvement of anastomotic healing. Aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the impact of gastric ischemic preconditioning on postoperative morbidity. A systematic literature search was performed to identify studies comparing patients undergoing gastric ischemic preconditioning before esophagectomy with nonpreconditioned patients. Meta-analysis was conducted for the overall incidence of anastomotic leakage, severe anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stricture, postoperative morbidity, and mortality. Mantel–Haenszel odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed concerning preconditioning technique, the interval between preconditioning and surgery and the extent of preconditioning. Fifteen cohort studies were identified. Gastric preconditioning was associated with reduced overall incidence of anastomotic leakage (OR 0.73; 95% CI, 0.53–1.0; P = 0.050) and severe anastomotic leakage (OR 0.27; 95% CI, 0.14–0.50; P &lt; 0.010), but not with anastomotic stricture (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.38 to 3.66; P = 0.780), major postoperative morbidity (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.45 to 2.36; P = 0.940) or mortality (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.39 to 1,23; P = 0.210). Subgroup analyses did not identify any differences between embolization and ligation while increasing the interval between preconditioning and esophagectomy as well as the extent of preconditioning might be beneficial. Gastric ischemic preconditioning may be associated with a reduced incidence of overall and severe anastomotic leakage. Randomized studies are necessary to further evaluate its impact on leakage, refine the technique and define patient populations that will benefit the most.
Intimate partner violence in Greece: a study of 664 consecutive forensic clinical examinations
Authors: Katsos Konstantinos , Sakelliadis Emmanouil I , Zorba Eleni , Tsitsika Artemis , Papadodima Stavroula , Spiliopoulou Chara 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a well-known phenomenon, which affects mostly women. While IPV victims may attend emergency departments (EDs) seeking medical care, not all of them will make an allegation against their abusers.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and the characteristics of the victims, who had made an allegation about the violent incident and had been examined by a forensic pathologist for judicial purposes, and had attended EDs seeking medical care, before the forensic examination.

Methods
We reviewed the archives of clinical examinations that were conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens during a 5-year period (2012–16).

Results
Six hundred sixty-four clinical examinations were conducted at our Department for IPV allegations. According to our findings, women were more likely to seek medical care than men. Victims who have attended EDs were more likely to have sustained injuries located at least on the head or on the lower limbs.

Conclusion
The majority of IPV victims in the broader region of Attica (Greece) were women, usually married, and aged between 30 and 49 years old. Despite the fact that the majority of IPV incidents are not reported to police, every person who is engaged in the process of dealing with IPV victims has to be educated and adequately informed about this phenomenon, its implications and the possible ways to deal with it. Furthermore, victims need to be educated and informed adequately in waiting rooms of EDs.
Viroid pathogenesis: a critical appraisal of the role of RNA silencing in triggering the initial molecular lesion
Authors: Flores Ricardo , Navarro Beatriz , Delgado Sonia , Serra Pedro , Di Serio Francesco 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The initial molecular lesions through which viroids, satellite RNAs and viruses trigger signal cascades resulting in plant diseases are hotly debated. Since viroids are circular non-protein-coding RNAs of ∼250–430 nucleotides, they appear very convenient to address this issue. Viroids are targeted by their host RNA silencing defense, generating viroid-derived small RNAs (vd-sRNAs) that are presumed to direct Argonaute (AGO) proteins to inactivate messenger RNAs, thus initiating disease. Here, we review the existing evidence. Viroid-induced symptoms reveal a distinction. Those attributed to vd-sRNAs from potato spindle tuber viroid and members of the family Pospiviroidae (replicating in the nucleus) are late, non-specific and systemic. In contrast, those attributed to vd-sRNAs from peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) and other members of the family Avsunviroidae (replicating in plastids) are early, specific and local. Remarkably, leaf sectors expressing different PLMVd-induced chloroses accumulate viroid variants with specific pathogenic determinants. Some vd-sRNAs containing such determinant guide AGO1-mediated cleavage of mRNAs that code for proteins regulating chloroplast biogenesis/development. Therefore, the initial lesions and the expected phenotypes are connected by short signal cascades, hence supporting a cause-effect relationship. Intriguingly, one virus satellite RNA initiates disease through a similar mechanism, whereas in the Pospiviroidae and in plant viruses the situation remains uncertain.