bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Golden Rules of communication
Authors: Ellwood Fiona 
Published: December 2019

Communication skills are quite often challenged and in more ways than one. Fiona Ellwood explains Aim Introduce the principles of effective communication and the potential barriers. It also provides a snapshot of the notion of Ego States, and a suggestion of further reading in order to consider the application to working in a dental setting. Objectives Recognise a number of communication forms and align them to the working day Analyse the notion of barriers to communication Appraise the concept of Ego States by Berne and the applicability to the smooth running of the dental settings Formulate a frank discussion based upon communication skills and the GDC principles. GDC development outcome A
The Political Economy of Domestic Violence
Authors: Marciano Alain 
Published: December 2019

Nell’ambito del processo di transizione in corso in Europa orientale, l’evoluzione verso regimi politici democratici è uno degli sviluppi più importanti.
Naturalmente, il presupposto perché tale evoluzione possa aver luogo è quello di un insieme di regole costituzionali che impedisca la vioienza interna, cioè la vioienza esercitata dallo Stato all’interno dei suoi confini, a danno delle libertà civili e dei diritti politici.
Infatti, uno dei principali aspetti della vioienza consiste nel ricorso ad essa da parte dello stesso Stato.
Sebbene essa sia stata studiata empiricamente, non vi è alcuna definizione comunemente accolta di «violenza interna».
Obiettivo di questo scritto è quello di fornire una struttura teorica nel cui ambito il problema della vioienza interna possa essere discusso.
Si dimostra che la vioienza è minore quando la liberta economica coesiste con le libertà civili e politiche.
L’impostazione qui seguita si riferisce ai motivi dello Stato per infliggere vioienza. Si dimostra come e perché uno Stato fa ricorso alia vioienza politica ed economica per motivi strumentali ed espressivi.
Successivamente viene derivata una tipologia di regimi. La vioienza può essere «strumentale», quando il suo obiettivo è il controllo del comportamento dei cittadini, e «espressiva» quando essa costituisce una fonte diretta di vantaggio (favorendo gli interessi di altri gruppi).
Simultaneous turbulence mitigation and channel demultiplexing for two 100  Gbit/s orbital-angular-momentum multiplexed beams by adaptive wavefront shaping and diffusing
Authors: Zhang Runzhou , Song Hao , Zhao Zhe , Song Haoqian , Du Jing , Liu Cong , Pang Kai , Li Long , Zhou Huibin , Willner Ari N. , Almaiman Ahmed , Zhou Yiyu , Boyd Robert W. , Lynn Brittany , Bock Robert , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E. 
Published: December 2019

We experimentally demonstrate simultaneous turbulence mitigation and channel demultiplexing in a 200 Gbit/s orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) multiplexed link by adaptive wavefront shaping and diffusing (WSD) the light beams. Different realizations of two emulated turbulence strengths (the Fried parameter

r
0

=
0.4
,

1.0

m
m

) are mitigated. The experimental results show the following. (1) Crosstalk between OAM

l
=
+
1

and

l
=
−
1

modes can be reduced by

>

10.0

and

>

5.8

d
B

, respectively, under the weaker turbulence (

r
0

=
1.0

m
m

); crosstalk is further improved by

>

17.7

and

>

19.4

d
B

, respectively, under most realizations in the stronger turbulence (

r
0

=
0.4

m
m

). (2) The optical signal-to-noise ratio penalties for the bit error rate performance are measured to be

∼

0.7

and

∼

1.6

d
B

under weaker turbulence, while measured to be

∼

3.2

and

∼

1.8

d
B

under stronger turbulence for OAM

l
=
+
1

and

l
=
−
1

mode, respectively.
Reconfigurable nonlinear nonreciprocal transmission in a silicon photonic integrated circuit
Authors: Li Ang , Bogaerts Wim 
Published: December 2019

We present a programmable silicon photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that can be configured to show nonlinear nonreciprocal transmission at high optical input power. Nonreciprocal transmission in PICs is of fundamental importance in various fields. Despite diverse approaches to generate nonreciprocal transmission, the research on efficient control of this effect is still scarce. The silicon PIC presented here has programmable linear and nonlinear behavior using integrated phase shifters. In the nonlinear regime (high optical power), the device can be configured to be either reciprocal or nonreciprocal between opposite propagation directions with over 30 dB extinction ratio and only 1.5 dB insertion loss. More importantly, the high/low transmission direction can be dynamically reconfigured. Furthermore, nonreciprocal transmission based on nonlinearities usually requires the optical field in both propagation directions to be high, in order to induce a large extinction ratio. For our circuit, only the forward-propagating light needs to have high power to enjoy low-loss transmission while the backward propagating light will always suffer a high rejection. Besides this nonreciprocal behavior, the circuit also offers the ability for all-optical functions, such as switching, optical compute gates, or optical flip-flops, thanks to its unique controllable nonlinear behavior. This work can trigger new research efforts in nonreciprocal photonics circuits.
High-power hybrid GaN-based green laser diodes with ITO cladding layer
Authors: Hu Lei , Ren Xiaoyu , Liu Jianping , Tian Aiqin , Jiang Lingrong , Huang Siyi , Zhou Wei , Zhang Liqun , Yang Hui 
Published: December 2019

Green laser diodes (LDs) still perform worst among the visible and near-infrared spectrum range, which is called the “green gap.” Poor performance of green LDs is mainly related to the p-type AlGaN cladding layer, which on one hand imposes large thermal budget on InGaN quantum wells (QWs) during epitaxial growth, and on the other hand has poor electrical property especially when low growth temperature has to be used. We demonstrate in this work that a hybrid LD structure with an indium tin oxide (ITO) p-cladding layer can achieve threshold current density as low as

1.6

kA
/

cm

2

, which is only one third of that of the conventional LD structure. The improvement is attributed to two benefits that are enabled by the ITO cladding layer. One is the reduced thermal budget imposed on QWs by reducing p-AlGaN layer thickness, and the other is the increasing hole concentration since a low Al content p-AlGaN cladding layer can be used in hybrid LD structures. Moreover, the slope efficiency is increased by 25% and the operation voltage is reduced by 0.6 V for hybrid green LDs. As a result, a 400 mW high-power green LD has been obtained. These results indicate that a hybrid LD structure can pave the way toward high-performance green LDs.
(Re)producing cultural narratives on women in public affairs programmes in Uganda
Authors: Maractho Emilly Comfort 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ugandan women have made tremendous strides in public life, and hold strategic positions in politics and policy-making. This increased participation in public life is attributed to Uganda’s focused pro-women constitution and affirmative action policy. In spite of this progress, women’s visibility and voice remain limited in public affairs programming in Uganda. The article examines how mass media reproduce cultural narratives that affect women in Uganda. It is part of a larger study on representation, interaction and engagement of women and broadcast media in Uganda. It is framed within critical theory, in particular feminist thought, cultural studies and public sphere theory. The research is conducted using a multi-method approach that encompasses case study design, content analysis and grounded theory. The findings suggest that the media reproduce cultural narratives through programming that mirror traditional society view of women and exclude women’s political and public narratives. The interactive and participatory public affairs programming is increasingly important for democratic participation. While men actively engage with such programming, women have failed to utilize it for the mobilization of women, reconstruction of gender stereotypes and producing new argumentation that challenge problematic cultural narratives that dominate media and society.
Plasma vs. serum in circulating tumor DNA measurement: characterization by DNA fragment sizing and digital droplet polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Lee Jee-Soo , Kim Miyoung , Seong Moon-Woo , Kim Han-Sung , Lee Young Kyung , Kang Hee Jung 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Choosing the specimen type is the first step of the pre-analytical process. Previous reports suggested plasma as the optimal specimen for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis. However, head-to-head comparisons between plasma and serum using platforms with high analytical sensitivity, such as droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), are limited, and several recent studies have supported the clinical utility of serum-derived ctDNA. This study aimed to compare the DNA profiles isolated from plasma and serum, characterize the effects of the differences between specimens on ctDNA measurement, and determine the major contributors to these differences.

Methods
We isolated cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from 119 matched plasma/serum samples from cancer patients and analyzed the cfDNA profiles by DNA fragment sizing. We then assessed KRAS mutations in ctDNA from matched plasma/serum using ddPCR.

Results
The amount of large DNA fragments was increased in serum, whereas that of cfDNA fragments (<800 bp) was similar in both specimens. ctDNA was less frequently detected in serum, and the KRAS-mutated fraction in serum was significantly lower than that in plasma. The differences in ctDNA fractions between the two specimen types correlated well with the amount of large DNA fragments and white blood cell and neutrophil counts.

Conclusions
Our results provided detailed insights into the differences between plasma and serum using DNA fragment sizing and ddPCR, potentially contributing to ctDNA analysis standardization. Our study also suggested that using plasma minimizes the dilution of tumor-derived DNA and optimizes the sensitivity of ctDNA analysis. So, plasma should be the preferred specimen type.
Mixing studies for lupus anticoagulant: mostly no, sometimes yes
Authors: Moore Gary W. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Mixing tests have long been a mainstay in the lupus anticoagulant (LA) testing armoury of screen, mix and confirm assays. If a sample with an elevated screening test does not evidence inhibition in the mixing test, the search for an LA is halted and a different diagnostic pathway embarked upon. Recent years have seen studies evidencing sometimes high frequencies of false-negative mixing tests with perhaps sinister implications for missed diagnoses and skewed patient management. Issues such as the dilution effect, between-reagent sensitivity and specificity differences, variability of normal pooled plasma (NPP) quality and suitability and interpretive inconsistencies all contribute to questioning the reliability of mixing tests and their pivotal place in the LA assay hierarchy. The advent of integrated testing, where phospholipid-dependence is demonstrated or excluded prior to any attempt to evidence inhibitory properties with a fallible analytical principle, provides an alternative path to LA detection. In the absence of other causes of elevated clotting times, LA assay screen and confirm discordance is sufficient to secure a laboratory diagnosis of the presence of an LA, leaving the mixing test in a supplementary yet valuable role when further diagnostic discrimination is required.
Load Frequency Control Design for Two Area Interconnected Power System with DFIG Based Wind Turbine
Authors: Komboigo Charles , Urasaki Naomitsu , Senju Tomonobu , Elsayed Lotfy Mohammed , Motin Howlader Abdul , Datta Manoj 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a modern two stage frequency control approach for two area interconnected power system with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine is proposed. For first stage, a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is designed for every conventional thermal area to control frequency and tie line power. In the second stage, a PID controller is implemented in DFIG to regulate its speed and accordingly control system frequency particle swarm optimization is used to tune the controllers of conventional thermal units and DFIG. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme are investigated under different operating conditions using MATLAB/Simulink.
Prehabilitation, making patients fit for surgery – a new frontier in perioperative care
Authors: Molenaar Charlotte J.L. , Papen-Botterhuis Nicole E. , Herrle Florian , Slooter Gerrit D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOptimizing a patients’ condition before surgery to improve the postoperative outcome can be achieved by using prehabilitation; preoperative interventions focusing on modifiable risk factors to improve the physical, nutritional, and mental status of the patient. A multimodal, multidisciplinary approach induces a synergistic effect between the various interventions and affects the outcome postoperatively. While awaiting higher-quality evidence, the worldwide implementation of prehabilitation programs has started, resulting in a true revolution in perioperative care.
In vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of the n-butanol fraction of Senna podocarpa (Guill. and Perr.) leaf
Authors: Ajiboye Basiru Olaitan , Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke , Fatoba Bamidele , Afolabi Olakunke Bamikole , Olayide Israel , Okesola Mary Abiola , Oyinloye Babatunji Emmanuel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
This study evaluates the antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory properties of the n-butanol fraction of Senna podocarpa leaves on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, arginase, phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5), and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).

Methods
The total phenol and flavonoids, iron (Fe) chelation, and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging were used to determine the antioxidant activity, and the inhibitory activities of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, AChE, BChE, tyrosinase, arginase, PDE-5 and ACE were also assessed.

Results
The n-butanol fraction of S. podocarpa shows high total phenol and total flavonoid contents. The n-butanol fraction of S. podocarpa leaves also chelates Fe2+ and ABTS radicals. The n-butanol fraction of S. podocarpa leaves also inhibited α-glucosidase, α-amylase, AChE, BChE, tyrosinase, arginase, PDE-5, and ACE at the concentration tested. Chromatographic analysis displayed the presence of β-elemene, phytol and caryophyllene oxide chrysophanol, 3-oxo-methyl ester, α-humulene, β-caryophyllene, rhein, emodin, and α-copaene.

Conclusions
Hence, the n-butanol fraction of S. podocarpa leaves demonstrates encouraging feat in controlling and/or managing cognitive dysfunction such as Alzheimer’s disease and also hypertension, diabetes, erectile dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, and hyperpigmentation.
Pump Laser Automatic Signal Control for Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Gain, Noise Figure, and Output Spectral Power
Authors: Amiri I. S. , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Yupapin P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper has simulated the pump laser automatic signal control for erbium-doped fiber amplifier gain, noise figure, and output spectral power. Signal gain and noise figure are deeply studied in relation to laser pump power variations at operating pumping wavelengths of 980 nm and 1,480 nm for previous and proposed models. Similar to the study of the light signal to noise ratio, output power level and maximum Q factor are also simulated versus EDFA amplifier length at pumping power of 500 mW and different pumping wavelength by using the proposed model. The obtained results are better by using a pumping wavelength of 1,480 nm than a pumping wavelength of 980 nm. The optimum EDFA amplifier is 5 m, which gives better performance than other amplifier lengths.
Two-dimensional Kalman filter approach to airborne vector gravimetry
Authors: Vyazmin V.S. , Bolotin Yu.V. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a new approach to the airborne vector gravimetry problem. The idea of the approach is to take into account spatial correlation of the gravity field to improve observability of horizontal components of the gravity disturbance vector (GDV). We consider the GDV determination problem given airborne data at a set of parallel survey lines assuming that lines are flown in the same direction at a constant height above the reference ellipsoid. We use a 2-D random field model for the gravity field at the flight height. The random field is governed by two autoregressive equations (one in the direction along the lines, the other across the lines). Then we pose the estimation problem simultaneously for the GDV horizontal components and systematic errors of an inertial navigation system at all the lines simultaneously. The developed estimation algorithm is based on 2D Kalman filtering and smoothing techniques. Numerical results obtained from simulated data processing showed improved accuracy of the gravity horizontal component determination.
Effects of human milk fortifier properties on intrinsic probiotic bacteria
Authors: Codipilly Champa N. , Koppel Adira , Ranasinghe Oneli , Roffe Stephanie , Ahn Seungjun , Navarathna Malithi , Abeyweera Nishmi , Coors Callie , Purushotham Amika , Kamoga Ronnie , Schanler Richard J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
To meet the nutritional needs of preterm infants, multicomponent nutrient fortifiers are added to human milk. The fortified human milk (FHM) product changes the physical and biochemical characteristics of the milk. We questioned whether such physical-chemical changes in the milk would alter intrinsic probiotic bacterial activity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of osmolality and pH on the growth of probiotic bacterial species intrinsic to human milk.

Methods
Human milk samples (n = 26) were collected from mothers in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and stored at −20°C until analyzed. The samples were thawed and divided into three portions. Human milk fortifiers (HMFs) were added to two portions to prepare concentrations of FHM. The remaining portion was the unfortified control sample. Each sample was then divided into two parts. One part (baseline) was used to measure the osmolality and pH and plated on selective agar to enumerate the growth of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria species. The remaining part was incubated at 37°C for 24 h to further test bacterial integrity (post-incubation) and then the same measurements were made (osmolality, pH, bacterial colony counts).

Results
When compared with unfortified milk at baseline, osmolality increased and pH decreased significantly after the addition of HMFs. Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria colony counts did not differ among the groups pre-incubation. Post-incubation lactobacilli and bifidobacteria increased in all the groups.

Conclusion
The appropriate addition of HMFs differentially affected the osmolality and pH of the milk. These physical changes did not affect the growth of probiotic bacterial species.
Synthesis, characterization and low energy photon attenuation studies of bone tissue substitutes
Authors: Joshi Shailesh , Ajikumar P.K. , Sivasubramanian K. , Jayaraman V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEpoxy composites with different weight percentages of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate were synthesized as bone tissue substitutes (BTS) for internal dosimetry. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that no chemical reaction occurred between the polymer and the fillers. Thermogravimetric analysis also showed improvement in the thermal properties of the composites due to the fillers. The uniform distribution of fillers in the epoxy matrix was established by X-ray radiography. The attenuation behavior of BTS was probed for low energy γ source 241Am (59.5 keV) using planar HPGe detector. The measured mass attenuation coefficients of BTS were found to match with the values calculated using XCOM software. The radiological properties derived for these composites were found to be on par with those of ICRU-44 cortical bone and B-100 bone equivalent plastic.
Relationship between serum homocysteine level and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson‘s disease
Authors: Liu Xuejuan , Dong Tong , Zhang Yi , Zhao Yumei , Yang Jingwen , Gu Cheng , Ren Taowen , Li Baiyu , Zhang Yamin , Bao Lijuan , Jiao Keping 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between serum homocysteine (Hcy) and cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

METHODS Eighty-one PD patients were prospectively recruited in this study from Feb 2015 to Jan 2018 in Gansu Provincial Hospital. Of the subjects, 41 were diagnosed with cognitive impairment (PD-CI) vs. the 40 others without PD (PDN). The clinical characteristic and demographic features were recorded for the two groups. The serum Hcy, folate and vitamin B12 (VitB12) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTS The serum Hcy, folate, VitB12 concentration were 21.7±6.2 (μmol/L), 9.2±3.7 (ng/mL), 354.1±123.5 (pg/mL) for PD-CI group and 14.1±5.7 (μmol/L), 12.4±4.5 (ng/mL), 378.7±128.2 (pg/mL) for PDN group respectively. The serum level of Hcy in PD-CI group was significantly higher than that of PDN group (p<0.05), serum folate was significantly lower than PDN group (p<0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 77.5% (95%CI:61.6%-89.2%), 78.1% (95%CI:62.4%-89.4%), 0.82 (95%CI:0.73-0.91) for serum Hcy and 72.5% (95%CI:56.1%-85.4%), 63.4% (95%CI:46.9%-77.9%), 0.71(95%CI:0060-0.83) for serum folate respectively as serological markers for cognitive impairment diagnosis in patients with PD.

Conclusion Serum Hcy and folate were different between PD-CI and PDN patients, which may play an important role in cognitive impairment development in patients with PD and can be used as promising serological diagnostic marker.
Nano Resistive Memory (Re-RAM) Devices and their Applications
Authors: Dash Chandra Sekhar , Prabaharan S. R. S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Use of solid state ionic conductors the so-called Solid Electrolytes has brought new impetus to the field of solid state memories namely resistive random access memory (Re-RAM). In this review article, to begin we present the detailed understanding on the basics of solid electrolytes. Later, the same has been reviewed focusing on its application in novel solid state memory applications. Few examples of solid electrolytes are considered and their impact on the state-of-art research in this domain is discussed in detail. An in-depth analysis on the fundamentals of Resistive switching mechanism involved in various classes of Memristive devices viz., Electrochemical Metallization Memories (ECM) and Valence change Memories (VCM). A few important applications of Memristors such as Neuristor and artificial synapse in neuromorphic computing are reviewed as well. Finally, the most anticipated energy efficient battery-like cells as artificial synapse in brain-inspired computing is also covered.