bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic evidence for gene flow between monarchs with divergent migratory phenotypes and flight performance
Authors: Talla Venkat , Pierce Amanda A. , Adams Kandis L. , de Man Tom J. B. , Nallu Sumitha , Villablanca Francis X. , Kronforst Marcus R. , de Roode Jacobus C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMonarch butterflies are known for their spectacular annual migration in eastern North America, with millions of monarchs flying up to 4,500 km to overwintering sites in central Mexico. Monarchs also live west of the Rocky Mountains, where they travel shorter distances to overwinter along the Pacific Coast. It is often assumed that eastern and western monarchs form distinct evolutionary units, but genomic studies to support this notion are lacking. We used a tethered flight mill to show that migratory eastern monarchs have greater flight performance than western monarchs, consistent with their greater migratory distances. However, analysing more than 20 million SNPs in 43 monarch genomes, we found no evidence for genomic differentiation between eastern and western monarchs. Genomic analysis also showed identical and low levels of genetic diversity, and demographic analyses indicated similar effective population sizes and ongoing gene flow between eastern and western monarchs. Gene expression analysis of a subset of candidate genes during active flight revealed differential gene expression related to nonmuscular motor activity. Our results demonstrate that eastern and western monarchs maintain migratory differences despite ongoing gene flow, and suggest that migratory differences between eastern and western monarchs are not driven by select major‐effects alleles. Instead, variation in migratory distance and destination may be driven by environmentally induced differential gene expression or by many alleles of small effect.
An unusual treatment of coronary injury following radiofrequency ablation in a 5‐year‐old child: Systemic steroid usage
Authors: Yildiz Mustafa , Kahraman Serkan , Kafali Hasan Candas , Surgit Ozgur , Ergul Yakup 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRadiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) procedure is performed for many tachyarrhythmias. We performed successful RFCA in a 5‐year‐old child for supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome. Acute circumflex artery (CxA) occlusion occurred due to RFCA. After percutaneous balloon angioplasty was performed into the CxA, the patient was treated with systemic steroid to resolve myocardial edema. To the best of our knowledge, systemic steroid was used first time for acute coronary artery injury related myocardial ischemia.
Biomechanical properties of the jaws of two species of Clevosaurus and a reanalysis of rhynchocephalian dentary morphospace
Authors: Chambi‐Trowell Sofia A. V. , Whiteside David I. , Benton Michael J. , Rayfield Emily J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRhynchocephalians were a successful, globally distributed group of diapsid reptiles that thrived in the Mesozoic. Multiple species of Clevosaurus existed worldwide in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, characterized by shearing bladelike teeth perhaps functionally analogous to the carnassial teeth of mammals. Morphometric analysis shows that the dentary morphospace of clevosaurs differs significantly from that of other rhynchocephalians. Five Clevosaurus species occupied islands in the Bristol Channel archipelago of the UK, but generally not those occupied by mammaliaforms, suggesting dietary character displacement. Identifying the diet of such ancient, small tetrapods has been difficult. To identify the nature of their feeding mechanics and ecology, we apply finite element analysis to two near complete three‐dimensional skulls of the species Clevosaurus hudsoni and Clevosaurus cambrica to estimate bite force, resistance to bending and torsion and the distribution of stresses in the jaws during biting. Both species had bite forces and tooth pressures sufficient to break apart chitin indicating that, like early Mesozoic mammaliaforms, clevosaurs could feed on tough‐shelled beetles and possibly small vertebrates. In addition, the mechanical advantage of the jaws falls within the range of early mammaliaforms, so though we cannot demonstrate niche partitioning between members of the two clades, it raises the prospect that they may have been functionally similar.
Phytochrome interacting factors 4 and 5 regulate axillary branching via bud abscisic acid and stem auxin signalling
Authors: Holalu Srinidhi V. , Reddy Srirama K. , Blackman Benjamin K. , Finlayson Scott A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ratio of red light to far‐red light (R:FR) is perceived by phytochrome B (phyB) and informs plants of nearby competition. A low R:FR indicative of competition induces the shade avoidance syndrome and suppresses branching by incompletely understood mechanisms. Phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs) are transcription factors targeted by phytochromes to evoke photomorphogenic responses. PIF4 and PIF5 promote shade avoidance responses and become inactivated by direct interaction with active phyB in the nucleus. Here, genetic and physiological assays show that PIF4 and PIF5 contribute to the suppression of branching resulting from phyB loss of function and a low R:FR, although roles for other PIFs or pathways may exist. The suppression of branching is associated with PIF4/PIF5 promotion of the expression of the branching inhibitor BRANCHED 1 and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in axillary buds and is dependent on the function of the key ABA biosynthetic enzyme Nine‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3. However, PIF4/PIF5 function is not confined to a single hormonal pathway, as they also promote stem indole‐3‐acetic acid accumulation and stimulate systemic auxin signalling, which contribute to the suppression of bud growth when phyB is inactive.
Albinism in plants – far beyond the loss of chlorophyll: Structural and physiological aspects of wild‐type and albino royal poinciana (Delonix regia) seedlings
Authors: Silva L. A. S. , Sampaio V. F. , Barbosa L. C. S. , Machado M. , Flores‐Borges D. N. A. , Sales J. F. , de Oliveira D. C. , Mayer J. L. S. , Kuster V. C. , Rocha D. I. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

The partial or complete loss of chlorophylls, or albinism, is a rare phenomenon in plants. In the present study, we provide the first report of the occurrence in albino Delonix regia seedlings and describe the morpho‐physiological changes associated with albinism.

Wild‐type (WT) and albino seedlings were characterized. Leaflets samples were processed following common procedures for analysis with light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and the carbohydrate, lipid and soluble protein content were also determined in leaf and cotyledon samples of both albino and WT seedlings.

Albino seedlings showed reduced growth. They also had lower chlorophyll and protein content in foliar tissues than WT seedlings, in addition to lower concentrations of lipids and carbohydrates stored in cotyledons. The chloroplasts of albino seedlings were poorly developed, with an undefined internal membrane system and the presence of plastoglobules. Wild‐type seedlings had a uniseriate and hypoestomatic epidermis. The mesophyll was dorsiventral, consisting of a layer of palisade parenchyma and two to four layers of spongy parenchyma. In albino seedlings, the spongy parenchyma was compact, with few intercellular spaces, and the thickness of the mesophyll was larger, resulting in increased thickness of the leaf blade. Albino seedlings had higher stomatal density and number of pavement cells, although the stomata had smaller dimensions.

In addition to the partial loss of chlorophylls, albino D. regia showed changes at physiological and structural levels, demonstrating the crucial nature of photosynthetic pigments during the development and differentiation of plant leaf tissues/cells.
The big push to a knowledge‐based economy with intellectual property rights protection
Authors: Uchida Hideaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examines the reasons some developing countries would not enforce intellectual property rights (IPR) protection. In a country with low IPR protection, firms have much incentives to imitate better technology. Therefore, the enforcement of IPR protection is necessary to prohibit imitation. However, given a state in which many agents are imitating technologies, it is difficult to enforce IPR protection because these agents have no incentives to protect IPR. Considering such a situation, we investigate the interaction between IPR institutions and technology choice. Furthermore, we discuss policy issues to achieve IPR protection.
Consequences of maternal psychological stress during pregnancy for the risk of asthma in the offspring
Authors: Al‐Hussainy Amin , Mohammed Raihan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAsthma is a common lung condition that makes breathing difficult through the inflammation and constriction of the lung airways. Epidemiological evidence supports the presence of a positive association between prenatal maternal psychological stress (PMPS) and asthma in the offspring, suggesting the disease may have developmental origins. T‐helper 2 (Th2) cells are a major subtype of T‐helper cells, producing Th2 cytokines, which may be the main drivers of asthma symptoms. A Th2 dominant blood cytokine profile may therefore indicate an increased risk of asthma, as studies have shown a link between PMPS and a T‐helper 2 (Th2) cytokine profile in offspring. The mechanism by which PMPS may cause Th2 cytokine dominance in the offspring is unclear. Epigenetic modifications in utero can lead to long‐lasting effects that persist postnatally and have therefore been implicated in this relationship. Increased maternal blood cortisol levels due to PMPS may increase transfer of cortisol to the foetus, where the temporarily increased levels may induce changes in the epigenome. Evidence from animal studies suggests that genes controlling cytokine production in T cells can be epigenetically modified in a way that increases Th2 cytokine production. Other evidence suggests that methylation of the NR3C1 gene decreases hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor expression, leading to decreased negative regulation of the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. This can increase cortisol production which has been shown to increase Th2 cytokine production. Therefore, the link between PMPS and a Th2 offspring cytokine profile, mediated through epigenetic changes, may explain the positive relationship between PMPS and asthma in the offspring.
Reframing the whistleblower in research: Truth‐tellers as whistleblowers in changing cultural contexts
Authors: Bushnell Alexis Marin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhistleblowing is fraught with conceptual dilemmas, including those who may be considered whistleblowers and fundamental concepts associated with the term. Whistleblowing is a dynamic concept, set within and deeply related to culture, yet scholarship has focused primarily on whistleblowing and its ramifications within management and organizational settings, as opposed to engaging with the wrong‐doing disclosed and conceptualizing how we assign meaning to whistleblowers/ing in changing landscapes of societal values and cultural institutions. To grasp the cultural sociological understanding of what constitutes whistleblowing, these themes and how they are shaped need to be drawn out in scholarship. Thus, the purpose of this review is to determine through which disciplines, lenses and discourse whistleblowing has been developed in academia and to identify gaps in disciplines and methods, highlighting how these affect our broader understanding of whistleblowing. This review article offers preliminary insight into how people engage in meaning‐making connected with terms such as whistleblowing, abuse and corruption through the lens of the #MeToo movement. The article encourages further research in disciplines such as sociology, political theory, human rights, socio‐legal studies and particularly, within cultural sociology.
Comparing the log‐response curve and adsorption isotherm model for removing dissolved organic matter during La Nina event
Authors: Murshed Mohamad Fared , Mohammadpour Reza , Chow Christopher 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoagulation is the most commonly used chemical treatment process that is used to remove contaminants from drinking water. In this study, the Log‐Dose‐Response (LDR) model and theoretical isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) were employed to predict the DOC removal in the coagulation process during La Nina events. The six months water samples were collected during an intense La Niña cycle at various locations along the River Murray and elsewhere in South Australia. The Jar testing was conducted with different Alum dose and pH levels, that is, at 5.5, 6.0 and 7.0. The result indicates that the optimum dose of Alum for DOC removal is 15.0 mg/L and the LDR model is the best one for predicting the DOC removal in the coagulation process. The mean of standard error for this model is less than 5% for all pHs compared to Langmuir and Freundlich predictions with a value of 11% and 8%, respectively. Moreover, the standard deviation for the LDR model was low at 2.49, 1.22 and 0.75 for pH 5.5, pH 6.0 and pH 7.0, respectively.
Pilot Pipe and Damping Orifice Arrangements Analysis of a Pilot-Control Globe Valve
Authors: Qian Jin-yuan , Wu Jia-yi , Gao Zhi-xin , Jin Zhi-jiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Compared to conventional globe valves, the pilot-control globe valve (PCGV) possesses advantages of lower energy consumption and higher space utilization. In order to analyze the effects of pilot pipe and damping orifice arrangements, this work proposes four PCGVs and conducts simulations to compare their overall performances, overall flow characteristics, and local flow characteristics around the valve core. In general, the arrangement of the pilot pipe has larger effects on the hydroperformances of PCGVs than the arrangement of the damping orifice. The pipe-parallel-mounted type PCGV performs better in hydroperformance than the pipe-perpendicular-mounted type PCGV, and thus is recommended in practice. As the specified valve core travel increases, the flow resistance of PCGVs decreases and the flow capacity of PCGVs increases. However, overlarge specified valve core travel has little effects on the flow resistance and flow capacity of PCGVs. Besides, the increased specified valve core travel could effectively reduce the wear induced by the uneven pressure distribution on the external lateral face of valve core, but it has little effect on the wear induced by the uneven pressure distribution on the bottom face. For all pipe-perpendicular-mounted type PCGVs, the variation of axial force imposed on the valve core relative to the specific valve core travel presents similar tendencies under different incoming flow velocity within the scope of the investigation, which could be concluded into a fitting equation. This work could be referred for the optimization of PCGVs and other similar valves.
Understanding implementation success: protocol for an in-depth, mixed-methods process evaluation of a cluster randomised controlled trial testing methods to improve detection of Lynch syndrome in Australian hospitals
Authors: Morrow April , Tucker Katherine M , Shaw Tim J , Parkinson Bonny , Abraham Charles , Wolfenden Luke , Taylor Natalie 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionIn multisite intervention trials, implementation success often varies widely across settings. Process evaluations are crucial to interpreting trial outcomes and understanding contextual factors and causal chains necessary for successful implementation. Lynch syndrome is a hereditary cancer predisposition conferring an increased risk of colorectal, endometrial and other cancer types. Despite systematic screening protocols to identify Lynch syndrome, the condition remains largely underdiagnosed. The Hide and Seek Project (‘HaSP’) is a cluster randomised controlled trial determining the effectiveness of two approaches to improving Lynch syndrome detection at eight Australian hospital networks. To enhance widespread implementation of optimal Lynch syndrome identification, there is a need to understand not only what works, but also why, in what contexts, and at what costs. Here we describe an in-depth investigation of factors influencing successful implementation of procedures evaluated in the HaSP trial.Methods and analysisA mixed-methods, theory-driven process evaluation will be undertaken in parallel to the HaSP trial. Data will include: interviews of Implementation Leads and Lynch syndrome stakeholders, pre–post implementation questionnaires, audio analysis of meetings and focus groups, observation of multidisciplinary team meetings, fidelity checklists and project log analysis. Results will be triangulated and coded, drawing on the Theoretical Domains Framework, Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and Proctor’s implementation outcomes.Ethics and disseminationUse of a theory-based process evaluation will enhance interpretation and generalisability of HaSP trial findings, and contribute to the implementation research field by furthering understanding of the conditions necessary for implementation success. Ethical approval has been granted and results will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations. At trial completion, key findings will be fed back to sites to enable refinement of intervention strategies, both in the context of Lynch syndrome and for the possible generalisability of intervention components in other genetic and broader clinical specialties.HaSP trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Identifier: ACTRN12618001072202). Registered 27 June 2018. http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12618001072202.aspx.
Effectiveness of breathing exercises, foot reflexology and back massage (BRM) on labour pain, anxiety, duration, satisfaction, stress hormones and newborn outcomes among primigravidae during the first stage of labour in Saudi Arabia: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Baljon Kamilya Jamel , Romli Muhammad Hibatullah , Ismail Adibah Hanim , Khuan Lee , Chew Boon How 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionLabour pain is among the severest pains primigravidae may experience during pregnancy. Failure to address labour pain and anxiety may lead to abnormal labour. Despite the many complementary non-pharmacological approaches to coping with labour pain, the quality of evidence is low and best approaches are not established. This study protocol describes a proposed investigation of the effects of a combination of breathing exercises, foot reflexology and back massage (BRM) on the labour experiences of primigravidae.Methods and analysisThis randomised controlled trial will involve an intervention group receiving BRM and standard labour care, and a control group receiving only standard labour care. Primigravidae of 26–34 weeks of gestation without chronic diseases or pregnancy-related complications will be recruited from antenatal clinics. Eligible and consenting patients will be randomly allocated to the intervention or the control group stratified by intramuscular pethidine use. The BRM intervention will be delivered by a trained massage therapist. The primary outcomes of labour pain and anxiety will be measured during and after uterine contractions at baseline (cervical dilatation 6 cm) and post BRM hourly for 2 hours. The secondary outcomes include maternal stress hormone (adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol and oxytocin) levels, maternal vital signs (V/S), fetal heart rate, labour duration, Apgar scores and maternal satisfaction. The sample size is estimated based on the between-group difference of 0.6 in anxiety scores, 95% power and 5% α error, which yields a required sample size of 154 (77 in each group) accounting for a 20% attrition rate. The between-group and within-group outcome measures will be examined with mixed-effect regression models, time series analyses and paired t-test or equivalent non-parametric tests, respectively.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects of the Ministry of Health in the Saudi Arabia (H-02-K-076-0319-109) on 14 April 2019, and from the Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects (JKEUPM) Universiti Putra Malaysia on 23 October 2019, reference number: JKEUPM-2019–169. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Results from this trial will be presented at regional, national and international conferences and published in indexed journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN87414969, registered 3 May 2019.
Has the UK living kidney donor population changed over time? A cross-sectional descriptive analysis of the UK living donor registry between 2006 and 2017
Authors: Bailey Phillippa K , Wong Katie , Robb Matthew , Burnapp Lisa , Rogers Alistair , Courtney Aisling , Wroe Caroline 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundA living-donor kidney transplant is the best treatment for most people with kidney failure. Population cohort studies have shown that lifetime living kidney donor risk is modified by sex, age, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), comorbidity and relationship to the recipient.ObjectivesWe investigated whether the UK population of living kidney donors has changed over time, investigating changes in donor demographics.DesignWe undertook a cross-sectional analysis of the UK living kidney donor registry between January 2006 to December 2017. Data were available on living donor sex, age, ethnicity, BMI, hypertension and relationship to recipient.SettingUK living donor registry.Participants11 651 consecutive living kidney donors from January 2006 to December 2017.Outcome measuresLiving kidney donor demographic characteristics (sex, age, ethnicity, BMI and relationship to the transplant recipient) were compared across years of donation activity. Donor characteristics were also compared across different ethnic groups.ResultsOver the study period, the mean age of donors increased (from 45.8 to 48.7 years, p<0.001), but this change appears to have been limited to the White population of donors. Black donors were younger than White donors, and a greater proportion were siblings of their intended recipient and male. The proportion of non-genetically related non-partner donations increased over the 12-year period of analysis (p value for linear trend=0.002).ConclusionsThe increasing age of white living kidney donors in the UK has implications for recipient and donor outcomes. Despite an increase in the number of black, Asian and minority ethnic individuals waitlisted for a kidney transplant, there has been no increase in the ethnic diversity of UK living kidney donors. Black donors in the UK may be at a much greater risk of developing kidney failure due to accumulated risks: whether these risks are being communicated needs to be investigated.