bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social determinants and other aspects associated with rheumatic diseases in the Brazilian population: a cross-sectional study based on the National Health Survey (PNS2013).
Authors: Souza Clécio Gabriel , Souza Marcelo Cardoso , Silva Hugo Jario , Assis Sanderson , Dantas Diego Sousa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Rheumatic diseases are increasingly present in the world population, represented by chronic joint and musculoskeletal pain. Among them, osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent. It is considered the third most prevalent chronic non-communicable disease in the Brazilian population, being responsible for a high rate of physical disability and reduced quality of life. Little has been discussed about the social factors associated with this health condition. This study aimed to analyze the social factors associated with arthritis in the Brazilian population.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on data from the 2013 National Health Survey in Brazil with arthritis as its main outcome. Sex, age, body weight, usual activities, physical activity, self-perceived health and diagnosis of depression were analyzed as independent variables. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Poisson multiple regression was performed, and the prevalence ratio (PR) and confidence interval (CI) of 95% were calculated using a significance level of 5% (p≤0.05).Results: A total of 60,202 individuals of both sexes took part in this study and the rheumatic diseases or arthrtitis prevalence was 6.4%. The individual factors associated with a higher prevalence of arthritis were female (PR = 2.09; CI = 1.95-2.25), age over 35 years (PR = 2.88; CI = 2.57-3.24) and excess body weight (PR = 1.61; CI = 1.25-2.07). The presence of rhemautic diseases showed an association with lower performance of usual activities (PR = 1.61; CI = 1.50-1.73) and self-perceived health as very poor (PR = 3.96; CI = 3.31-4.72). In addition, it was associated with a higher prevalence of mental illnesses such as depression (PR = 1.77; CI = 1.64-1.90).Conclusion: Social and modifiable factors which are associated with a higher prevalence of arthritis can be controlled through incentive measures such as social participation and physical activity.
mTOR inhibitor INK128 promotes diabetic wound healing by regulating MDSCs
Authors: Li Yi , Xu Yujun , Liu Xinghan , Yan Xin , Lin Yue , Tan Qian , Hou Yayi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Skin wounds in diabetic patients are hardly to recover. Accumulating evidence has shown that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are involved in inflammation-related response. INK128 is a novel mTOR kinase inhibitor in clinical development. However, the exact roles of MDSCs and INK128 in healing wound of diabetic patients are unclear.Methods: Mice models of normal, diabetic, and diabetic+INK128 were constructed. Bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages and RAW264.7 cell line co-cultured with MDSCs, which were induced at different conditions. Flow cytometry, western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical analysis were performed.Results: Diabetic mice (DM) had a slower recovery rate, thinner epidermal and dermal, and less blood vessels than those of normal mice. MDSCs were abnormally accumulated in DM and mTOR was activated in MDSCs from DM or treated with high glucose. Moreover, mTOR signaling inhibitor INK128 could promoted wound healing through reducing the MDSCs. MDSCs function was disordered in DM and high glucose environments, while INK128 could help retrieve their function. Furthermore, high glucose and other factors in DM could promote M-MDSCs differentiation to M1 pro-inflammatory macrophage cells, thus inhibiting wound healing. The differentiation, which was dependent on mTOR signaling, could be reversed by INK128.Conclusion: INK128 is potential to be developed as a clinical strategy to promote wound healing of diabetic patients.
Physicians views on cardiovascular disease risk prevention services by pharmacists and potential for collaboration
Authors: Almansour Hadi A. , Aloudah Nouf M. , Alhawassi Tariq M. , Chaar Betty , Krass Ines , Saini Bandana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Early identification and management of modifiable CVD risk factors is highly effective in preventing disease onset and/or improving outcomes in CVD. Pharmacists as highly accessible primary health professionals can assume a role in screening and risk factor management in collaboration with physicians, however such prevention services are not established practice in Saudi pharmacies. Therefore, the aim was to explore physicians’ perceptions about the utility of a role in CVD risk screening and management for Saudi pharmacists.Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim in Arabic or English. All transcripts were thematically analysed after translation into English if required. Results: A total of 26 physicians recruited from public hospitals and primary healthcare centres were interviewed. Most were unaware of pharmacists’ potential to undertake a role in CVD risk prevention. Although there was broad support for the concept, they recommended physician-pharmacist collaborative models, extensive provider pharmacist training and strict oversight by the Saudi Ministry of Health (MoH)/other official authorities to ensure service quality and sustainability, should implementation occur. Healthcare system reform was considered key to expanding private sector (i.e. community pharmacy) involvement in healthcare as was incentivising providers and ‘marketing’ for patient acceptance.Conclusion: Physicians were positive about setting up a collaborative community pharmacist-physician CVD risk screening and management service model with the help of an authorised body within the Saudi Arabian healthcare system.
A novel device for accurate placement of guide wire in cannulated screw fixation of femoral neck fracture: A pilot study
Authors: ren bu-fang , Ma quan-ping , lv xin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Accurate placement of cannulated screws is the key to stable fixation of the femoral neck fracture. A novel device was developed to improve the accuracy of screw placement. Methods: 20 synthetic femoral bones were divided into conventional technique group and the experimental group. Three Kirschner wire were inserted into the femoral neck fracture by conventional technique or by the novel guide device. The operative time, total drilling attempts and fluoroscopic frequency were evaluated.Results: By using the guide device, the fluoroscopy and operation time of the experimental group were shorter that of the conventional method. The total drilling attempts with the novel guide device were significantly lower than the conventional technique group.Conclusion: This device can help trauma surgeons shorten the surgical time and reduce radiation exposure time. The use of this guide device can make screw fixation for femoral neck fracture easier.
Targeting the RHOA pathway improves learning and memory in adult Kctd13 and 16p11.2 deletion mouse models
Authors: Lorenzo Sandra Martin , Nalesso Valérie , Chevalier Claire , Birling Marie-Christine , HERAULT Yann 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Gene copy number variants play an important role in the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Particularly, the deletion of the 16p11.2 locus is associated with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and several other features. Earlier studies highlighted the implication of Kctd13 genetic imbalance in 16p11.2 deletion through the regulation of the RHOA pathway. Methods: Here, we generated a new mouse model with a small deletion of two key exons in Kctd13. Then, we targeted the RHOA pathway to rescue the cognitive phenotypes of the Kctd13 and 16p11.2 deletion mouse models in a pure genetic background. We used a chronic administration of fasudil (HA1077), an inhibitor of the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), for six weeks in mouse models carrying a heterozygous inactivation of Kctd13, or the deletion of the entire 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 homologous region. Results: We found that the small Kctd13 heterozygous deletion induced a cognitive phenotype similar to the whole deletion of the 16p11.2 homologous region, in the Del/+ mice. We then showed that chronic fasudil treatment can restore object recognition memory in adult heterozygous mutant mice for Kctd13 and for 16p11.2 deletion. In addition, learning and memory improvement occurred in parallel to change in the RHOA pathway. Limitations: The Kcdt13 mutant line does not recapitulate all the phenotypes found in the 16p11.2 Del/+ model. In particular, the locomotor activity was not altered at 12 and 18 weeks of age and the object location memory was not defective in 18-week old mutants. Similarly, the increase in locomotor activity was not modified by the treatment in the 16p11.2 Del/+ mouse model, suggesting that other loci were involved in such defects. Rescue was observed only after four weeks of treatment but no long-term experiment has been carried out so far. Finally, we did not check the social behaviour, which requires working in another hybrid genetic background.Conclusion: These findings confirm KCTD13 as one target gene causing cognitive deficits in 16p11.2 deletion patients, and the relevance of the RHOA pathway as a therapeutic path for 16p11.2 deletion. In addition, they reinforce the contribution of other gene(s) involved in cognitive defects found in the 16p11.2 models in older mice.
Investigation of a Functionalized Self-Assembling Nanopeptide Hydrogel Loaded With Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells To Promote Vascular Regeneration
Authors: Liu Zhanao , Tian Ailing , Yi Xin , Fan Lufeng , Shao Wenchong , Wu Han , Sun Nianfeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the transplantation of a functionalized self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogel loaded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) into a rabbit hindlimb ischemia model and to evaluate its effect in promoting vascular regeneration in ischemic tissues.Methods: Functionalized self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogels were synthesized, and the physical and chemical properties of the hydrogels were observed by electron microscopy. Primary AD-MSCs were isolated, cultured, immunophenotyped, induced to differentiate, and verified. The self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogel was combined with mesenchymal stem cells for the three-dimensional culture of AD-MSCs, and the growth characteristics were investigated. Animal models were injected with AD-MSC-loaded self-assembled peptide hydrogel, and the therapeutic effects on arterial ischemia were analyzed.Results: The pore size of the functionalized self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogel was suitable for cell growth. Stem cells had a tendency for migration, differentiation, and angiogenesis in three-dimensional culture. The experimental results of transplantation into the rabbit hindlimb ischemia model showed that the functionalized self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogel loaded with AD-MSCs had better efficacy than AD-MSC transplantation alone.Conclusion: Functionalized self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogels can be used as scaffold materials for three-dimensional culture of AD-MSCs. Functionalized self-assembling peptide hydrogels combined with AD-MSCs have better therapeutic effects than traditional stem cell therapies and can promote vascular regeneration.
“It’s more than milk, it’s mental health”: A case of online human milk sharing
Authors: Wagg Amanda J , Hassett Alex , Callanan Margie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Aim: To produce a single case example of an online breastfeeding support group use, through one mother’s experiences of seeking human donor milk online. Background: Milk sharing is not a new concept and occurs today via regulated human milk banks and unregulated online milk sharing groups. Exploring and understanding how, and why, mothers use these peers to peer milk sharing groups, is a vehicle to understanding how breastfeeding mothers can be tangibly supported online, adding to the literature on peer milk sharing, from a recipient’s perspective. Method: This is a qualitative, exploratory study observing the attitudes, thoughts, and feelings of one mother who is seeking human donor milk through online groups. A single key case was identified, and the participant was asked to document thoughts and feelings as she searched for milk online. A telephone interview after two months, and online page activity from www.humanmilk4humanbabies.Facebook.com was captured for the week following the interview. The results were presented in a chronological and linear analytical approach adopting pattern matching.Results: ‘Abbi’ is a mother who has Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and subsequent low milk supply and sought donor breast milk online. Online support groups introduced her to donor milk sharing, which not only supported her breastfeeding but supported her own mental health. Abbi talks of the need to build a trusting relationship with her donor, due to the lack of regulation, and the positive impact it had for her and ‘Lucas’, her baby. Conclusion: Considering milk sharing groups simply as tangible online support ignores the complexities around Abbi’s decision to use human donor milk. Peer milk sharing online is an option for mothers, but it is surrounded by stigma amongst other mothers, professionals, and even within pro breastfeeding support groups.“Tweetable abstract”: Milk sharing is not a new concept and occurs today via regulated human milk banks and unregulated online milk sharing groups. How and why do mothers obtain breastmilk online?
Comparative analysis of the use of high-flow and traditional oxygen therapy in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. An experimental and clinical study
Authors: Grachev Ivan N. , Shatalov V. I. , Klimov A. G. , Blinda I. V. , Kochkin I. A. , Tsygankov K. A. , Shchegolev A. V. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction. In patients with spontaneous breathing and respiratory failure, various methods of delivering the gas mixture to the respiratory tract have been developed. The use of high-flow oxygen therapy is alternative standard oxygen therapy. Objectives. Experimental study of the effects of high-flow oxygen therapy and evaluation of its clinical effectiveness in comparison with traditional oxygen therapy in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Materials and Methods. During the experimental stage of the study, the level of mean airway pressure was determined depending on the flow of the gas mixture using a lung model with parameters of biomechanics of respiration. During the clinical stage, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of respiratory support in groups of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia using high-flow and traditional oxygen therapy was carried out. Results. During experimental study, flow of gas mixture 30 l/min was determined, at which mean airway pressure registered on models of healthy lungs and lungs with modified respiratory biomechanics significantly increases. During the clinical phase of the study, a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of initiation of artificial (invasive and non-invasive) lung ventilation, an increase in oxygenation (saturation hemoglobin with oxygen, partial pressure oxygen in arterial blood) and partial pressure carbon dioxide with simultaneous decrease in respiratory rate. Conclusion. The value of gas flow over 30 l/min has significant effect on the recorded mean airway pressure calculated using models of lungs in experiment. However, clinical significance of this indicator is not clinically significant. The use of high-flow oxygen therapy in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia in comparison with standard method reduces the frequency use of ventilation (invasive and non-invasive) with a significant increase in oxygenation indicators. This reduces hyperventilation, which is confirmed by a significant increase in partial pressure carbon dioxide and a decrease in respiratory rate.
Grain displacement during backwash of drinking water filters
Authors: Ramsay Loren , Du Feng , Lund Majbritt , He Haiyan , Søborg Ditte A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Backwashing rapid sand filters causes inadvertent displacement of filter media grains from their previous depths. This displacement can affect the hydraulic function of filters by mixing or segregating media grains, and the function of biofilters through displacement of active biomass and coatings from proper depths. This study quantifies grain displacement in a pilot-scale filter using tracer grains of colored sand, glass beads, anthracite and garnet to determine the effect of grain size, density and shape on grain displacement. Statistical moments are used to describe the depth distributions resulting from displacement during backwashing. Results show that significant grain displacement occurs during backwash consisting of air scour, air-and-water wash and sub-fluidization water-only wash. Here, displacement is largely independent of grain size, density and shape. When fluidization backwash is used, greater displacement and more dependence on grain characteristics is seen. A variety of grain movement phenomena can be observed during the backwashing steps, indicating that grain movement and therefore the resulting displacement is highly inhomogeneous in four dimensions. These results have direct practical implications for the design of rapid sand filters and the optimization of backwashing procedures, while suggesting that the current widespread backwashing practice used in the case study country (Denmark) should be abandoned.
Study of optimal allocation of water resources in Dujiangyan irrigation district of China based on an improved genetic algorithm
Authors: Li Ruihuan , Chang Yingli , Wang Zhaocai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to distribute water resources reasonably, it is advantageous to make full use of resources and produce high economic and social benefits. Taking the Dujiangyan irrigation area of China as an example, we discuss the idea of establishing and solving the optimal allocation model of water resources. With this aim, a two-dimensional constraint model with highest economic value, minimum water shortage, minimum underground water consumption and necessary living water demand was established. In order to solve this model, we improved a multi-population genetic algorithm, extending the genetic optimization of the algorithm into two dimensions, taking population as the vertical dimension and the individual as the horizontal dimension, and transforming the cross genetic operator to copy the genetic (crossover) operator and the mutation operator to only act on the vertical dimension, so as to optimize the allocation of such discrete objectives of water resources in the irrigation area with a particular model suitable for the region. The distribution results successfully control the water shortage rate of each area at a low level, which saves the exploitation of groundwater to the maximum extent and produces high economic benefits. The improved algorithm proposed in this paper has a kind of strong optimization ability and provides a new solution for the optimization problem with multiple constraints.
The effect of hydrodynamics on the succession of autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms of biofilms in river ecosystems
Authors: Pan Mei , Liu Xiang , Ma Weixing , Li Xuan , Li Haizong , Ding Cheng , Chen Yuxi , Chen Runze 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Biofilms were cultivated for a 68-day period under different hydrodynamic conditions, and the effect of hydrodynamics on the succession of autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms of biofilms was investigated. Five obvious stages were observed during biofilm formation. At Stage I, the attachment of algae was delayed, especially under turbulent conditions. After Stage II, algal density and heterotrophic biomass of biofilms increased, which were obvious under turbulent flow. Therefore, the algal density and heterotrophic biomass of biofilms were largest under turbulent condition, followed by laminar condition, and then transitional condition. Diatoms were dominant in all flumes and were most abundant under turbulent conditions. The proportion of cyanobacteria was highest under laminar conditions. The ratio of aerobic to anaerobic bacteria decreased and their co-existence could facilitate the nitrification and denitrification in the biofilm. The ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids was highest under turbulent conditions on the 15th day. While the ratio was highest under laminar condition on the 48th day, the high ratio indicates the high ability of biofilm to obtain nutrients, which affect the growth of algae. The regulation of hydrodynamics is a useful technology which can affect the growth of the microorganisms of biofilm, and further improve water quality.
Na@La-modified zeolite particles for simultaneous removal of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate from rejected water: performance and mechanism
Authors: Sang Wenjiao , Mei Longjie , Hao Shiwen , Li Dong , Li Xiaoyang , Zhang Qian , Jin Xi , Li Cuihua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Rejected water from sludge processing in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is very harmful due to its high concentration of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus. It is therefore necessary to find a low-cost and convenient technique to simultaneously remove ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus from rejected water. In this study, natural granular zeolite was modified by NaCl and La(OH)3 to obtain a new material (Na@La-MZP), with several advantages compared with powdered zeolite. Na@La-MZP could remove 92.61% ammonia nitrogen (50 mg/L) and 99.01% phosphate (60 mg/L) at the optimal conditions of dosage 12.5 g/L, initial pH 6.0 and reaction time 12 hours, which enabled the effluent to satisfy the discharge standard (GB 18918-2002) for municipal WWTPs in China. The maximum adsorption capacity of Na@La-MZP was determined as 17.92 mg -N/g and 9.53 mg P/g by the Langmuir isotherm. Pseudo-second-order kinetics could well illustrate the adsorption process and show that the ammonia nitrogen and phosphate can be degraded by chemical reaction. The characterizations of Na@La-MZP confirmed the removal mechanism of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate. The Na@La-MZP still maintained more than 75% removal efficiency after five reuses. Furthermore, the estimated cost of this treatment method was 0.22 $/m3 rejected water.
Cu(II)/Vasicine Promoted Intramolecular C-O Formation: Synthesis of Benzoxazoles in EtOH
Authors: Li Minxin , Li Meiling , Tang Yanling , Sun Yun , Qu Lu , Mao Zewei 
Published: November 2020

Aim and Objective:Benzoxazoles are valuable bicyclic aromatic compounds; the construction of benzoxazoles via C-O cross-coupling reactions has attracted more and more attention.Materials and Methods:The best condition of C-O bond formation from o-haloanilides was carried out, taking Cu(OTf)2(5 mol%) and vasicine (10 mol%) as the catalysts in EtOH in the presence of K2CO3(2 eq.) for 12 h at 90°C.Results:A series of 2-substituted benzoxazoles have been prepared in high yields from 2-bromoanilides and 2- iodioanilides under mild conditions.Conclusion:We have developed an efficient Cu-vasicine catalytic system for intramolecular C-O bond formation. This strategy is applicable to the synthesis of a wide variety of 2-substituted benzoxazoles by intramolecular O-arylation of o-haloanilides.