bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transnationalism and Caring for Migrant Families with Young Children
Authors: Merry L , Sicard V , Hibbert N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Migrant families’ transnational ties may contribute to their hardships and/or may be a source of resiliency. A care approach that acknowledges these transnational ties may foster a positive identity and give coherence to experiences. We conducted an integrative review to determine if there is evidence that health and social services supporting migrant families with young children consider transnational ties during care with these families.

Methods
We searched 15 databases to identify relevant literature including empirical research and discussion papers reporting on a health or social program, service, intervention or care experience of migrant families during early childhood (pregnancy to age five) in a Western country (i.e., Canada, US, Europe or Australia). Information regarding if and how the intervention/service/program/care addressed transnationalism, were extracted and synthesized.

Results
Over 34,000 records were screened; 296 articles met inclusion criteria. Most literature was from the US. Care, programs and interventions examined included prenatal classes, doula support, maternity care, postpartum home visits, breastfeeding support, nutrition and feeding counseling, and parenting and early childcare programs. There is evidence that care-providers empathize and offer information on family reunification processes for families dealing with separation from loved ones and are open to and accommodate cultural traditions (e.g., feeding and parenting practices) originating from the home country; otherwise there is little evidence that transnational ties are addressed during care.

Conclusions
Significant knowledge gaps remain regarding whether and how care-providers’ take into account transnational ties, including distance care-giving of children or elderly, use of health services abroad, and receipt of advice and support from family back home, which may affect their relationships with families and/or the effectiveness of their interventions.

Key messages
Significant knowledge gaps remain regarding whether and how care-providers’ take into account transnational ties in early chilldhood care. More research is needed on transnationalism and the health and social care of migrant families.
Ethical challenges associated with health-related big data research
Authors: Ienca M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Big data trends in biomedical and public health research hold promise for improving prevention, enabling earlier diagnosis, optimizing resource allocation, and delivering more tailored treatments to patients with specific disease trajectories. At the same time, due to their methodological novelty, algorithmic complexity and reliance on data mining for knowledge generation, big data approaches raise ethical challenges. This talk presents an overview of the major ethical challenges associated with health-related big data research. These include demarcating the boundary between personal health data and non-health data, re-defining the notion of private information, sustaining trust in health data sharing, preventing data-driven discrimination and ensuring a fair distribution of benefits and burdens among all stakeholders. Case studies from dementia research and public mental health will be discussed to illustrate these challenges and provide an ethical assessment. Furthermore, this talk will provide an overview of the normative proposals that have been recently advanced to align health-related big data research with established regulatory frameworks such as data protection regulation, regulation on human subject research and ethics review. Based on this analysis, suggestions will be made on how to maximise the benefits of big data for public health while minimizing ethical risks.
Deindustrialisation, Foreign Investment and Social Development: Mortality in the Hungarian Rustbelt
Authors: Scheiring G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Many nations are experiencing deindustrialisation. A common strategy to cope with this is encouraging foreign investment. We still know little about the health impact of such industrial transformations, especially their role in the postsocialist mortality crisis.

Methods
Utilising a novel dataset constructed over two years covering 52 towns, 550 companies and 42,800 subjects, using multilevel survival modelling I test how deindustrialisation and foreign investment affect mortality in medium-sized towns in Hungary. I group towns into severely, and moderately deindustrialised (1989-1995), and into state ownership, domestic private and foreign ownership dominated categories (1995-2004). A retrospective cohort study in these towns collected data on vital status of respondents. I use multiple robustness checks and sensitivity analyses to reduce selection bias and endogeneity.

Findings
Deindustrialisation is associated with significantly higher odds of mortality for men between 1989 and 1995 (OR = 1. 16; p &lt; 0.01). Foreign investment was not associated with mortality in any of the models for the 1989-1995 period. Between 1995 and 2004, women living in towns dominated by state ownership had a significantly lower risk of mortality compared to those living in towns dominated by foreign investment (OR = 0.79; p &lt; 0.05) or domestic private ownership (OR = 0.74; p &lt; 0.01). Foreign investment was associated with higher income growth in both periods; however, this was not associated with better health results.

Conclusions
Severe deindustrialisation was a crucial factor behind the post-socialist mortality crisis for men. The indirect economic benefits of foreign investment do not translate automatically into better health; in fact, women living in towns dominated by foreign investors appear to have a higher risk of dying. Foreign investment might promote economic growth but in itself cannot mitigate the health impact of severe deindustrialisation.

Key messages
Deindustrialisation is a significant contextual health risk factor. Spontaneous market processes, such as foreign investment, do not automatically reduce the detrimental health effect of plant closures.
Right-wing populism and self-rated health in Europe: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Backhaus I , Kino S , La Torre G , Kawachi I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Individuals who hew to a conservative political ideology have been previously reported to have better self-rated health compared to liberals. No studies have examined whether the correlation between right-wing ideology and health also holds for populism, a brand of politics that is gaining momentum throughout the world. We tested whether the association still holds for right-wing populists.

Methods
We analysed data from 24617 respondents nested within 18 European countries included in the 2016 European Social Survey. Multilevel analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between political ideology and self-rated health, adjusting for other individual covariates (happiness and social capital) and country-level characteristics (democracy type).

Results
Individuals who voted for right-wing populist parties were 43% more likely to report fair/poor health compared to traditional conservatives (OR = 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.23 to 1.67). The association was attenuated after controlling for individual-level variables, including happiness and access to social capital (OR = 1.21, confidence interval 1.03 to 1.42). Higher levels of social capital (informal networks, OR = 0.40, 95% confidence interval 0.29 to 0.56; trust, OR = 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.74 to 0.92) and happiness (OR = 0.18, 95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.22) were protectively correlated with fair/poor self-rated health.

Conclusions
Individuals voting for right-wing populist parties report worse health compared to conservatives. It remains unclear whether ideology is just a marker for health-related practices, or whether the values and beliefs associated with a particular brand of ideology leads to worse health.

Key messages
There is a significant association between voting for right-wing populist parties and self-rated poor health. Social capital was protectively correlated with self-rated health calling for renewed attention on the effects of social capital on political ideology and health.
Does practice characteristics explain the impact of a financial incentive on antibiotic prescribing?
Authors: Anyanwu P , Costelloe C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
About 80% of the antibiotics prescribed in England are from primary care practices. The Quality Premium (QP) initiative that offers financial rewards on the quality of specific health services commissioned is one of the NHS England interventions to reduce antimicrobial resistance through reduced prescribing. Evaluations of the initiative suggest a reduction in antibiotic prescribing in primary care. We investigated whether the effect of this financial incentive on antibiotic prescribing is explained by variations in practice characteristics that can contribute to differences in antibiotic prescribing.

Methods
We used monthly prescribing data for 6,600 practices in England from NHS Digital for the year from April 2015 when antibiotic improvement was included as a QP priority and the preceding year. We fitted an initial linear generalised estimating equations model examining the effect of the incentive on antibiotic items/STAR-PU prescribed, adjusting for seasonality and number of months since implementation. We examined the consistency of the effect after the initial model was adjusted for variations in workforce, prevalence of co-morbidities (asthma, COPD, cancer, chronic kidney disease, diabetes), and deprivation index.

Results
Antibiotics prescribed in primary care practices in England reduced by 0.20 items/STAR-PU (95% CI:0.19-0.21) after the implementation of the initiative. This reduction flattened off in the following months with a month-on-month increase of 0.013 items (95% CI:0.012-0.013). After adjusting for practice characteristics, the immediate and month-on-month impacts remained consistent with slight attenuation of the immediate impact (0.18, 95% CI:0.17-0.18). Subgroup analyses showed the effect of the initiative was significantly more among 20% top prescribers.

Conclusions
Variations in practice characteristics are not a major explanation for the impact of the quality premium initiative on antibiotic prescribing in primary care practices in England.

Key messages
Our findings on the targeted impact of a financial incentive scheme to improve antibiotics prescribing on high prescribers are important to policymakers and antibiotic stewardship programs. Variations in practice characteristics are not a major explanation for the impact of a financial incentive scheme on antibiotics prescribing in primary care practices in England.
Modeling Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae episodes’ evolution in France over 2010-2020
Authors: Roux J , Nekkab N , Astagneau P , Crépey P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Incidence of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) episodes within hospitals is rising at an alarming rate and threaten health systems and patient safety worldwide. Their number is growing in France since 2009 associated with inter-regional dissemination and importation of international cases. This study aimed at describing the dynamics of CPE episodes in France over 2010-2016 and forecasting their evolution for 2017-2020.

Methods
Surveillance data of CPE episodes (imported and non-imported) from August 2010 to November 2016 were issued from the French national Healthcare-Associated Infections Early Warning and Response System. Impact of seasonality on the number of CPE episodes was analyzed using seasonal-to-irregular ratios. Seven models issued from time series analysis and three ensemble stacking models (average, convex and linear stacking) were used to describe and forecast CPE episodes. The model with the best forecasting’s quality was then trained on all available data (2010-2016) and used to predict CPE episodes over 2017-2020.

Results
Over 2010-2016, 3,559 CPE episodes were observed in France. Compared to the average yearly trend, we observed a 30% increase in the number of CPE episodes in September and October. On the opposite, a decrease of 20% was noticed in February compared to other months. We also noticed a 1-month lagged seasonality of non-imported episodes compared to imported ones. The number of non-imported episodes appeared to grow faster than imported ones starting from 2014. Average stacking gave the best forecasts and predicted an increase over 2017-2020 with a peak up to 345 CPE episodes (95% PI [124-1,158], 80% PI [171-742]) in September 2020.

Conclusions
The number of CPE episodes is predicted to rise in the next years in France because of non-imported episodes. These results could help public health authorities in the definition and evaluation of new containment strategies.

Key messages
Time series modeling predicts an increase in the number of CPE episodes in France in the next few years with a quicker rise of non-imported episodes. An increase of 30% in the number of CPE episodes was observed in September and October with a 1-month lagged seasonality impact of non-imported episodes compared to imported one.
Community Mental Health Care in Italy: Basaglia’s ashes in the wind of the crisis of the last decade
Authors: Carta M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
In 1978, Italy approved the Law 180, which required the closure of all psychiatric hospitals. The three key points were: 1) A ban on the building of new psychiatric hospitals; 2) The principle that prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation have to be provided in community services; 3) The reason for requiring involuntary treatments was no longer dangerousness: involuntary treatments could only be required if a person needed an urgent treatment and he or she did not have - in that particular moment - the capacity for taking a decision.

Discussion
Regional differences. The 1978 law has been “translated” into regional policies. The resources allocated to implement these policies were higher in the North and lower in the South Italy. The access to services and, thus, the health outcomes were found to be related to the availability of resources.

Decreases in resources
Furthermore, the total amount of resources for the national mental health system in Italy shows a constant decrease from 2001 to date. Considering the percentage of mental health expenditure on the total public health expenditure, today the European countries with an income similar to Italy spend 10% of their health budget for mental health; Italy spends half of it. In this new scenario, the Italian associations of users and families have denounced abuses during involuntary health treatments and in the so-called shelter-houses.
Lack of a scientific approach. Another critical point of the reform is the poor scientific testimony of what has been done.

Conclusions
Italy created a revolutionary approach to mental illness in a historical framework in which this country was in economic expansion and produced a great cultural expression. At that time, we were accustomed to ‘believing and doing’ rather than to questioning results. With the economic and cultural crisis, Italy has guilty neglected mental health.
Any future humanitarian approach to mental health should take this experience into account.
Improving access to integrated mental health services in community-based settings in Portugal
Authors: Cardoso G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Scientific evidence has proven greater effectiveness of community-based mental health care offering a diversity of services. Among the main barriers to mental health treatment are difficulties in the access and poor integration with general health services.

Description of the problem
The current Portuguese National Mental Health Plan promoted the transition from psychiatric hospital-based care to care provided by a network of services in the community with the inpatient unit in the local general hospital. In this presentation we will describe the main aspects of the mental health reform and some figures illustrating the functioning of one of the new mental health departments.

Results
Since 2006 three large psychiatric hospitals were closed and mental health departments are now in place according to the new model.
One example, the HFF department of psychiatry, has developed an innovative comprehensive and integrated model based in the general hospital and the community, ensuring a close coordination with primary care teams and all other relevant stakeholders in the community, offering diverse answers to patients’ needs, and preventing drop-outs.
Between 2000 and 2011, the number of admissions went from 486 to 451, first admissions from 40% to 36%, and the average number of patients treated in day hospital from 12 to 24. Liaison psychiatry consultations (2713 to 3684), community teams’ visits (10,201 to 14,756), and home visits (236 to 980) have increased significantly, while rehabilitation programs were developed in two day centers in the community.

Conclusions
The Portuguese model of mental health care, based on the principles of accessibility and equity, community involvement, recovery and human rights, and continuity of care, has promoted greater accessibility, higher quality of care, and less stigma. An important integration of mental health and general health services has taken place allowing for a close collaboration between services.
The Nordic @geing Online project: Co-creating a social application together with older adults
Authors: Nordmyr J , Forsman A K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Online resources present various possibilities for health promotion, also in the growing older adult population. Tailored online services aiming to support social participation among users could potentially promote older adults’ psychosocial health. In the @geing Online project an online application is developed, focusing on access to meaningful social activities among older adults in rural areas in Finland and Sweden. The innovation project (2017-2020) is funded by the Interreg Botnia-Atlantica programme (European Regional Development Fund).

Methods
A collaborative, user-centred design approach is applied when developing the online application, allowing older potential users and personnel groups from the social and health care sector to evaluate application features in a step-wise process. The inclusion of personnel groups allows for the exploration of the feasibility of introducing the tool in home care services and similar relevant contexts from an organizational perspective. Further, the inclusion of regional IT-companies presents opportunities for them to develop their competence regarding eHealth tools and older adults as a target group.

Results
An advanced prototype of the application and its core features is presented. Promising approaches and outcomes regarding the co-creation methods applied to ensure the involvement of stakeholders in the development process are elaborated upon. Challenging issues related to the project theme, such as stereotypical and negative views of older adults’ competences and motivation related to application use are also discussed.

Conclusions
The project highlights possibilities - but also challenges - when co-creating a social application together with older adults, some of whom have no experience in internet use. The gathered project outcomes will provide lessons on the potential of new technologies for delivering health promotion initiatives among older adults.

Key messages
Tailored online services aiming to support social participation among users provide possibilities for promoting psychosocial health in the growing population of older adults. Application development utilizing a user-centered design approach can be implemented even if the end-users are not familiar with the internet or application use.
Assessments, evolutions and transformations in French nursing homes
Authors: Delespierre T , Haÿ P E , Armaingaud D , Josseran L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Korian is a private group specialized in medical accommodation for elderly and dependent people. A professional data warehouse EasySoins® set up in 2010 hosted 126 nursing homes (NH) residents’ data. Then in 2013, another data warehouse NetSoins® replaced the former; with a completely new information system (IS). Deployment ended in July 2014 with 151 NH but since then, the number of NH has increased steadily to reach 288 at the end of 2018. Inside both systems, the transmissions’ table fed on a daily basis by the caregiver contains key data about the residents’ care and health. It also allows us to build residents’ life trajectories. A recent study compared the 2011 and 2015 NH populations in France. Other research papers explored similar issues in the USA, Belgium and Great Britain. The objective of this study is to show that our data extraction method offers a vivid image and faithful reflection of the French residents’ population evolution over time.

Methods
Wanting to replicate and update the French study, we built two sets of Korian residents: those having at least one transmission over the last six weeks of 2014 and 2018. We then joined these two tables with their socio-demographic profile. Finally, we searched among the residents’ autonomy level evaluations (GIR=ISO resource group), the ‘nearest’ ones to each periods. We were then able to assess the residents’ population evolution.

Results
We found respectively 12,279 residents living in 156 NH and then 23,926 residents, living in 288 NH. In 2014, 9,174 women with a mean age of 87.5 (standard deviation=7.4) and 3,105 men with a mean age of 84.6 (standard deviation=9). In 2018, 3,075 were still there (25%) with 17,561 women, mean age of 88.4 (standard deviation=7.5) and 6,365 men, mean age of 85.2 (standard deviation=9.4). The GIR modal class stayed stable at two for both sexes at 30%.

Conclusions
As elsewhere, men and women are growing a little older, reaching a glass ceiling, with a narrowed gender gap.

Key messages
As nursing home residents’ profiles are rapidly changing over time and caregiver resources do not increase accordingly, allocating adequate resources to every resident becomes essential. The transmissions’ table with its nursing care narratives textual content can help us track every resident on almost real time and, through this process, define health paths and health subgroups.