bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assisted Walking Program on Walking Ability in In‐Hospital Geriatric Patients: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Gazineo Domenica , Godino Lea , Decaro Roberta , Calogero Pietro , Pinto Daniela , Chiari Paolo , Zoli Marco , Ambrosi Elisa 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesThe main aim of this study was to evaluate if an individualized assisted walking program (IAWP) for hospitalized older patients could improve walking ability compared with usual geriatric care and rehabilitation.DesignA randomized controlled trial with an active control group, open labeled with parallel assignment was conducted between October 2018 and January 2020.SettingGeriatric ward.ParticipantsA total of 387 hospitalized patients (≥65 years) were randomly assigned to an intervention or control (usual‐care) group.InterventionThe control group received usual hospital care. The intervention group received also an IAWP.MeasurementsThe primary endpoint was change in walking ability from hospital admission (considering both current and pre‐admission status) to discharge, as assessed with the Braden Activity subscale measures. The secondary endpoint was the occurrence of in‐hospital adverse events, such as complications of mobility, pressure ulcers, falls, pain and mortality, and the length of hospital stay. Intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses were performed.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar between intervention and control groups. The intervention group, relative to the control group, had significantly improved walking ability at discharge (P < .001). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of in‐hospital adverse events. No adverse effects were detected.ConclusionIn in‐hospital patients aged 65 and older, an IAWP improves walking ability at discharge.
Botulinum toxin type A attenuates hypertrophic scar formation via the inhibition of TGF‐β1/Smad and ERK pathways
Authors: Li Yue‐Hua , Yang Jiaomei , Zheng Zhao , Hu Da‐Hai , Wang Zhi‐Dong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic scar is a common complication in would healing process, and how to effectively prevent and treat it has been a hot and difficult research issue. Previous studies have showed that botulinum toxin type A (BTA) has effects on the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scar, but little is known about the specific mechanisms.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of BTA on the inhibition of hypertrophic scar formation.MethodsHypertrophic scar‐derived human fibroblasts were cultured and then treated with transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and various concentrations of BTA. Cell proliferation and viability were measured by CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay and trypan blue staining, respectively. The total amount of collagen was examined using Sirius red staining. Collagen I and Collagen III in the culture supernatant were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the transcription and translation levels.ResultsOur results revealed that BTA decreased the proliferation of hypertrophic scar‐derived human fibroblasts. The mRNA and protein expression levels of alpha‐smooth muscle actin, collagen I, and collagen III induced by TGF‐β1 were inhibited by BTA in a dose‐dependent manner. BTA also inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and ERK.ConclusionBTA decreased the proliferation of fibroblasts and prevented overdeposition of ECM through the inhibition of the TGF‐β1/Smad and ERK pathways. The findings of this study provide new scientific reference for the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scar.
MicroRNA‐101a‐3p could be involved in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis by mediating UBE2D1 and FZD4
Authors: Mao Dan , Wu Mingsong , Wei Jiying , Zhou Xiangwen , Yang Lan , Chen Fang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTemporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a degenerative disease that gradually affects the articular cartilage, synovium, and bone structure. To date, the molecular mechanism of TMJOA pathogenesis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the biological function of the micro‐ribonucleic acid 101a‐3p (miR‐101a‐3p) and its role in TMJOA.MethodsWe detected the effect of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) on chondrocyte proliferation using Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) technology. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we detected transcription levels of miR‐101a‐3p in a rat model with TMJOA and inflamed chondrocytes, as well as in a group of normal rats. The effect of miR‐101a‐3p on apoptosis was examined in vitro using flow cytometry (FCM). We then analyzed the target of miR‐101a‐3p via bioinformatics and confirmed it using a luciferase reporter assay (LRA).ResultsWe showed that IL‐1β could inhibit proliferation of chondrocytes. We found that miR‐101a‐3p levels were significantly lower in the rat inflammation model with TMJOA and inflamed chondrocytes than in the normal group. Additionally, miR‐101a‐3p substantially promoted apoptosis of chondrocytes, and both bioinformatic analyses and LRA found that this miRNA targeted the genes ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme 2D1 (UBE2D1) and Frizzled class receptor 4 (FZD4).ConclusionOur results suggested that miR‐101a‐3p was involved in the pathogenesis of TMJOA and that its mechanism was probably interaction with its target genes UBE2D1 and FZD4.
Moving Policy Toward a Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Approach to Support Children Who Have Experienced Trauma
Authors: Temkin Deborah , Harper Kristen , Stratford Brandon , Sacks Vanessa , Rodriguez Yosmary , Bartlett Jessica D. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAs attention to the potential negative outcomes of childhood trauma has grown, so have calls for schools to take an active role in supporting students experiencing trauma. These calls extend beyond efforts initiated by individual schools to include those mandated by state law, which largely focus on teacher training and on screening for adversity.METHODSThis article explores the evidence base and limitations for current approaches in state law and explores how policies to address other student health, safety, and wellness issues can help either ameliorate or exacerbate students' experiences with trauma.RESULTSFew trainings for nonclinical staff have rigorous evidence of effectiveness, and based on evidence of teacher trainings on other topics, cannot work in environments that do not actively reinforce and encourage the application of that knowledge. Trainings also largely do not acknowledge the structures and systems, including systemic racism within schools, that may contribute to disparate rates of adversity for black and American Indian and Alaskan Native children. Screening carries several risks, including confounding adversity with experiencing trauma, missing broader contextual adversity, and potentially retraumatizing children.CONCLUSIONSState policymakers need to take a more holistic approach in creating policies to support students experiencing trauma.
State Laws Matter When It Comes to District Policymaking Relative to the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Framework
Authors: Chriqui Jamie F. , Leider Julien , Temkin Deborah , Piekarz‐Porter Elizabeth , Schermbeck Rebecca M. , Stuart‐Cassel Victoria 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) framework supports the “whole child” across 10 domains. This study assessed state law and district policy WSCC coverage.METHODSPrimary legal research was used to compile relevant district policies and state laws for a stratified random sample of 368 public school districts across 20 states for school year 2017‐18. Policies/laws were evaluated on 79 items across the WSCC domains (range: 3‐14 items/domain). Multivariable regressions examined the relationship between state laws and district policies, controlling for district characteristics, and weighted to account for the sample design and non‐response.RESULTSOn average, district policies and state laws addressed 53% and 60% of the 79 items, respectively. State law predicted district policy WSCC attention across items (coeff. = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.38) and 4 domains: physical activity (coeff. = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.29, 0.86); health services (coeff. = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.39, 0.62); social and emotional climate (coeff. = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.23, 0.45); and family engagement (coeff. = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.28, 0.54). State law was associated with lower district‐level coverage in 3 domains (health education; counseling, psychological, and social services; and community involvement).CONCLUSIONSAlthough WSCC implementation is locally‐driven, states have an active role to play in setting a policy “floor” for guiding district WSCC attention.
From Consultation to Shared Decision‐Making: Youth Engagement Strategies for Promoting School and Community Wellbeing
Authors: Sprague Martinez Linda , Pufall Jones Elizabeth , Connolly BA Nico 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe benefits of youth engagement are well documented. In this paper, we examine youth engagement in America's Promise Alliance's Every School Healthy initiative, a part of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation'sTogether for Healthy and Successful Schools Initiative (THSS).METHODSSix community acceleration sites were selected through a competitive grant‐making process. Sites were required to describe youth engagement strategies. A case study design was employed to examine how sites conceptualize youth engagement as well as youth engagement strategies employed across 6 sites. Data sources included observations, team member debriefs, and document review.RESULTSThere was variation in howyouth engagementandyouth voiceare conceptualized in educational settings, and readiness for youth engagement. Sites actively solicited and implemented youth engagement resources and strategies.CONCLUSIONSBy failing to engage young people, well‐intentioned adults miss important opportunities. Youth engagement presents an exciting opportunity for school leaders, policymakers, and program planners to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that influence individual and community health and wellbeing and, in turn, helps them to develop responsive policies and programs.
Every School Healthy: Creating Local Impact Through National Efforts
Authors: Pufall Jones Elizabeth , Hatfield Daniel P. , Connolly Nico 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWhole school, whole community, whole child (WSCC) approaches to education address contexts beyond school that influence young people's academic and life outcomes. These recommended approaches demand mobilization of an array of actors, but such mobilization is challenging. Little research has explored strategies for convening national experts to support local communities.METHODSThis paper presents a case narrative of Every School Healthy (ESH), a grant‐funded effort to support organizations/school districts in 6 communities building WSCC initiatives by engaging national youth development organizations as expert advisors to ESH and communities. A thematic analysis of the narrative yielded 3 key learnings.RESULTSThree themes emerged as key learnings regarding implementation of national‐local initiatives: (1) baseline assessment of local communities should be conducted to identify opportunities for maximizing strengths; (2) national organizations must be flexible with the expertise they bring to the initiative; (3) national organizations should prioritize community‐cultivated solutions and meet communities where they are.CONCLUSIONSThe 3 themes presented in this case narrative offer insights for effectively mobilizing national organizations to support healthy, equitable school environments at the local level.
Drinking tastes of Chinese rice wine under different heating temperatures analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and tribology tests
Authors: Xu Wenhu , Jiang Jianzhong , Xu Qixiang , Zhong Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrinking tastes and lubrication properties of Chinese rice wine (CRW) under different heating temperatures were studied by tribology tests, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and sensory evaluations. CRW's drinking tastes were evaluated by taste panelists. Flavor compounds were detected by GC–MS. Lubrication properties of CRW were measured by tribometer. Drinking tastes changed under different heating temperatures and were the best at 60°C assessed by panelists. Four key compounds, furfural, benzaldehyde, butanedioic acid diethyl ester, and phenylethyl alcohol, were determined by GC–MS affecting drinking tastes of CRW. Their variation trends were consistent with the changes of CRW's tastes. The variation of CRW's lubrication properties had a positive correlation with that of CRW's taste, especially astringency. The lowest friction coefficient implied the best lubrication performance and taste at 60°C. Therefore, it was possible to rapidly evaluate drinking tastes of CRW using tribology technology based on the results. Reasons for temperatures influencing CRW's lubrication properties and drinking tastes were also analyzed in this study.
Grammatical and Lexical Development During Short‐Term Study Abroad: Exploring L2 Contact and Initial Proficiency
Authors: ISSA BERNARD IBRAHIM , FARETTA–STUTENBERG MANDY , BOWDEN HARRIET WOOD 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study examined linguistic development among both intermediate and advanced college‐level second language (L2) learners during short‐term study abroad summer programs in Spain. Participants completed a measure of overall proficiency, as well as assessments of receptive grammatical (morphosyntactic) and lexical (semantic) abilities at the beginning and end of their programs. They also reported their use of and exposure to the target language on a weekly basis while abroad. Analyses explored (a) whether learners in each group made gains in these receptive abilities, and (b) to what extent contact with the L2 and/or initial proficiency accounted for variability in linguistic development across all learners. Results indicated that learners in both groups evidenced significant linguistic gains, in both morphosyntactic and lexical domains for the intermediate‐level learners, and in the lexical domain for the advanced learners. In analyses across all learners, L2 contact did not account for variability in either morphosyntactic or lexical development, whereas higher initial proficiency facilitated some morphosyntactic and lexical development. Results suggest that learners at both intermediate and advanced levels can experience linguistic gains during short‐term study abroad, and that initial proficiency plays a limited role in explaining variability in gains among these learners.
Hydrogen and methane breath test results are negatively associated with IBS and may reflect transit time in post‐surgical patients
Authors: Essa Hani , Hamdy Shaheen , Green Darren , Lal Simon , McLaughlin John , Hoffmann Sandra , Leitao Eugena , Paine Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundContention surrounds hydrogen and methane breath tests as putative measures of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. We aimed to explore the clinical characteristics associated with positive and negative results to help clarify their role.Methods525 glucose hydrogen/methane breath tests completed over 3 years were analyzed to look for positively and negatively associated predictive factors. Characteristics such as height and weight and underlying medical conditions, medications, and surgical history were collated.Key resultsThere were 85 and 42 positive hydrogen and methane tests, respectively. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (HR = 0.17, p = 0.004) and those with a higher body mass index (HR = 0.93, p = 0.004) were significantly less likely to have a positive test. Patients who underwent the test post‐surgically were significantly more likely to have a positive test (HR = 2.76, p = 0.001). A sub‐analysis of post‐surgical patients by type and region of surgical resection demonstrated that none were statistically more likely than the next to have a positive test. However, for the surgical group as a whole the number of motility‐depressing drugs taken (such as opioids) was associated with a significantly decreased likelihood of a positive test (HR = 0.752, p = 0.045).ConclusionOur data suggest that patients with a diagnosis of IBS are statistically less likely to have a positive test and it is of limited utility in this group. Post‐surgical patients are more likely to have a positive test, possibly secondary to fast transit rather than bacterial overgrowth, as suggested by a significantly negative association with motility‐suppressing drugs in this sub‐group.
Phosphate and phosphite have a differential impact on the proteome and phosphoproteome of Arabidopsis suspension cell cultures
Authors: Mehta Devang , Ghahremani Mina , Pérez‐Fernández Maria , Tan Maryalle , Schläpfer Pascal , Plaxton William C. , Uhrig R. Glen 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYPhosphorus absorbed in the form of phosphate (H2PO4−) is an essential but limiting macronutrient for plant growth and agricultural productivity. A comprehensive understanding of how plants respond to phosphate starvation is essential for the development of more phosphate‐efficient crops. Here we employed label‐free proteomics and phosphoproteomics to quantify protein‐level responses to 48 h of phosphate versus phosphite (H2PO3−) resupply to phosphate‐deprived Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells. Phosphite is similarly sensed, taken up and transported by plant cells as phosphate, but cannot be metabolized or used as a nutrient. Phosphite is thus a useful tool for differentiating between non‐specific processes related to phosphate sensing and transport and specific responses to phosphorus nutrition. We found that responses to phosphate versus phosphite resupply occurred mainly at the level of protein phosphorylation, complemented by limited changes in protein abundance, primarily in protein translation, phosphate transport and scavenging, and central metabolism proteins. Altered phosphorylation of proteins involved in core processes such as translation, RNA splicing and kinase signaling was especially important. We also found differential phosphorylation in response to phosphate and phosphite in 69 proteins, including splicing factors, translation factors, the PHT1;4 phosphate transporter and the HAT1 histone acetyltransferase – potential phospho‐switches signaling changes in phosphorus nutrition. Our study illuminates several new aspects of the phosphate starvation response and identifies important targets for further investigation and potential crop improvement.
Frequent platelet donation is associated with lymphopenia and risk of infections: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Zhao Jingcheng , Gabriel Erin , Norda Rut , Höglund Petter , Baden Lindsey , Diedrich Beatrice A. , Marits Per , Enoksson Sara L. , Gansner John M. , Kaufman Richard , Dickman Paul W. , Edgren Gustaf 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecently, plateletpheresis donations using a widely used leukoreduction system (LRS) chamber have been associated with T‐cell lymphopenia. However, clinical health consequences of plateletpheresis‐associated lymphopenia are still unknown.Study Design and MethodsA nationwide cohort study using the SCANDAT3‐S database was conducted with all platelet‐ and plasmapheresis donors in Sweden between 1996 and 2017. A Cox proportional hazards model, using donations as time‐dependent exposures, was used to assess the risk of infections associated with plateletpheresis donations using an LRS chamber.ResultsA total of 74 408 apheresis donors were included. Among donors with the same donation frequency, plateletpheresis donors using an LRS chamber were at an increased risk of immunosuppression‐related infections and common bacterial infections in a dose‐dependent manner. While very frequent donors and infections were rare in absolute terms resulting in wide confidence intervals (CIs), the increased risk was significant starting at one‐third or less of the allowed donation frequency in a 10‐year exposure window, with hazard ratios reaching 10 or more. No plateletpheresis donors that used an LRS chamber experienced a Pneumocystis jirovecii, aspergillus, disseminated mycobacterial, or cryptococcal infection. In a subcohort (n = 42), donations with LRS were associated with low CD4+ T‐cell counts (Pearson's R = −0.41; 95% CI, − 0.63 to −0.12).ConclusionFrequent plateletpheresis donation using an LRS chamber was associated with CD4+ T‐cell lymphopenia and an increased risk of infections. These findings suggest a need to monitor T‐lymphocyte counts in frequent platelet donors and to conduct future investigations of long‐term donor health and for regulators to consider steps to mitigate lymphodepletion in donors.
Regional alopecia and dermatitis due to Lodderomyces elongisporus in a North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum)
Authors: St Clair Laura , Hopf Cynthia , Peters‐Kennedy Jeanine , Mazulis Christina , Miller Julia , Scott Danny W. , Childs‐Sanford Sara 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundLodderomyces elongisporus is a yeast with a worldwide distribution that has been reported as a cause of infection in immunocompromised humans and in a dog that had been quilled by a porcupine.ObjectivesThe objective of this report is to describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of dermatitis caused by L. elongisporus in a North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum).AnimalOne wild adult male North American porcupine from New York state, USA.Methods and materialsThe porcupine was presented for alopecia and scaling dermatitis over the caudal dorsum. Diagnostic testing included cytological evaluation, trichogram, bacterial and fungal culture, and histopathological examination of skin biopsies.ResultsHistopathological findings from skin specimens demonstrated mild eosinophilic perivascular‐to‐interstitial dermatitis with superficial dermal fibrosis, mild epidermal hyperplasia with moderate‐to‐marked intracorneal and intrafollicular yeast. Fungal culture with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization confirmed L. elongisporus as the cause of the dermatitis. The porcupine was treated with a six week course of oral itraconazole with clinical resolution.Clinical relevanceInfection with L. elongisporus should be included as a differential diagnosis for North American porcupines exhibiting signs of dermatitis including scaling and alopecia. This case report may be relevant for the diagnosis and treatment of porcupines with dermatitis and for animals or humans that have been quilled by a porcupine.