bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomic and volumetric characterization of the cisterna chyli using CT lymphangiography and computer‐assisted design software in dogs with idiopathic chylothorax
Authors: Carvajal Jose L. , Case J. Brad , Vilaplana Grosso Federico , Huynh Elizabeth , Verpaalen Valentine , Fox‐Alvarez Alexander , Regier Penny J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this retrospective, observational study were to characterize the anatomical features of the cisterna chyli (CC) in a cohort of dogs diagnosed with idiopathic chylothorax that underwent CT lymphangiography (CTLa), and to evaluate the feasibility of computer‐assisted design (CAD) software to quantify volumetric measurements of the CC. Twenty‐three client‐owned dogs with idiopathic chylothorax were included. Additionally, CTLa was performed in three canine cadavers to assess the ability of CAD software to accurately acquire volumetric measurements. Injection sites, attenuation values, anatomic location, dimensions, and aortic diameter to CC ratio (Ao:CC) were recorded. Video records of video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) thoracic duct ligation (TDL) were reviewed in eight out of 23 dogs to compare operative and CTLa findings. The CC was dorsal and right‐sided in 18 out of 23 dogs, located between L1 and L4 in 21 dogs, and extended as far cranially as T11 in two dogs. The median measurements for length, height, and width were 150.0, 5.5, and 13.3 mm, respectively. Median total volume was 1.82 mL. Median volumes to the right and left of the aorta were 1.46 and 0.49 mL, respectively (P = .014). Median total CC volume to body weight ratio (CC:bw) was 0.07 mL/kg. The presence of an intrathoracic CC was observed intraoperatively in six out of eight cases that underwent VATS TDL. Findings supported the use of CTLa and CAD as feasible methods for characterizing the CC in dogs diagnosed with chylothorax. These methods may facilitate interventional planning involving the CC such as embolization.
Innovative two‐steps thermo‐chemical pretreatment for sludge reduction and energy recovery: cost and energy assessment
Authors: Gianico Andrea , Acebes Tosti Lorenzo , Fiorin David , Gallipoli Agata , Montecchio Daniele , Pagliaccia Pamela , Braguglia Camilla Maria 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChemical and thermal pretreatments of sewage sludge have proven to be effective to improve anaerobic digestion process by increasing methane production and sludge stabilization. In order to improve this technology towards sludge reduction combined with energy recovery, lab‐scale experimentation was carried out to assess the efficiency of a 2‐steps acid‐alkali innovative pretreatment to enhance the anaerobic digestion process. Lab‐scale results suggested to adopt some measures intended to ensure better anaerobic performances and imbalance risks prevention. The process allowed to achieve high sludge reduction efficiencies (up to 66% TSS removal), and to obtain high methane production yields (0.25 vs. 0.18 Nm3/kgVSfed of the control) assuring high process stability. The electric energy recovery of the combined hydrolysis‐digestion process, assessed on full‐scale scenario, resulted higher with respect to a conventional digestion process. The sludge reduction obtained could imply cost savings of up to 32% compared to traditional scenarios.
β‐Alanine and l‐histidine supplementation associated with combined training increased functional capacity and maximum strength in heart failure rats
Authors: Stefani Giuseppe Potrick , Capalonga Lucas , da Silva Lucas Ribeiro , Dal Lago Pedro 
Published: March 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of the study?
Does β‐alanine with l‐histidine supplementation associated with endurance and strength training improve echocardiographic parameters, functional capacity, and maximum strength in rats with chronic heart failure?
What is the main finding and its importance?
β‐Alanine with l‐histidine supplementation associated with endurance and strength training increased functional capacity and maximum strength through increasing exercise capacity peripherally but did not affect echocardiographic parameters in rats with chronic heart failure.

Combined training (CT) has been associated with positive responses in the clinical status of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Other non‐pharmacological tools, such as amino acid supplementation, may further enhance its adaptation. However, the effects of β‐alanine and l‐histidine supplementation in CHF remain unclear. In the present study, the aim was to test whether supplementing carnosine precursors with CT could give improved responses in the functional capacity and echocardiographic variables of rats with CHF. Twenty‐four Wistar rats, were submitted to myocardial infarction and allocated to three groups: animals with CHF kept in sedentary conditions (SED, n = 8), animals with CHF submitted to CT in strength and aerobic exercise supplemented with placebo (CT‐P, n = 8) and animals with CHF submitted to CT in strength and aerobic exercise supplemented with β‐alanine and l‐histidine (CT‐S, n = 8). The trained animals were submitted to a strength protocol three times per week with intensity of 65–75% of one repetition maximum test. Aerobic training was conducted two times per week (50 min, 15 m min−1). The supplemented group received β‐alanine and l‐histidine orally (each 250 mg kg−1 day−1). No changes in echocardiographic and morphological parameters were found among the groups (P > 0.05). Functional capacity, Δ and maximum strength were higher in CT‐P than in SED and even higher in CT‐S than in CT‐P (P < 0.01). The CT was able to improve functional capacity, but the supplementation was shown to enhance these parameters even further in the CHF rats. We conclude that the increase in functional capacity and strength gained through CT and supplementation were associated with the improvement in peripheral parameters with no changes in cardiac variables.
Strong decays of the newly observed narrow $$\Omega _b$$ structures
Authors: Liang Wei , Lü Qi-Fang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMotivated by the newly observed narrow structures $$\Omega _b(6316)^-$$Ωb(6316)-, $$\Omega _b(6330)^-$$Ωb(6330)-, $$\Omega _b(6340)^-$$Ωb(6340)-, and $$\Omega _b(6350)^-$$Ωb(6350)- in the $$\Xi _b^0 K^-$$Ξb0K- mass spectrum, we investigate the strong decays of the low-lying $$\Omega _b$$Ωb states within the $$^3P_0$$3P0 model systematically. According to their masses and decay widths, the observed $$\Omega _b(6316)^-$$Ωb(6316)-, $$\Omega _b(6330)^-$$Ωb(6330)-, $$\Omega _b(6340)^-$$Ωb(6340)-, and $$\Omega _b(6350)^-$$Ωb(6350)- resonances can be reasonably assigned as the $$\lambda -$$λ-mode $$\Omega _b(1P)$$Ωb(1P) states with $$J^P=1/2^-, 3/2^-, 3/2^-$$JP=1/2-,3/2-,3/2-, and $$5/2^-$$5/2-. Meanwhile, the remaining $$P-$$P-wave state with $$J^P=1/2^-$$JP=1/2- should have a rather broad width, which can hardly be observed by experiments. For the $$\Omega _b(2S)$$Ωb(2S) and $$\Omega _b(1D)$$Ωb(1D) states, our predictions show that these states have relatively narrow total widths and mainly decay into the $$\Xi _b {\bar{K}}$$ΞbK¯, $$\Xi _b^\prime {\bar{K}}$$Ξb′K¯ and $$\Xi _b^{\prime *} {\bar{K}}$$Ξb′∗K¯ final states. These abundant theoretical predictions may be valuable for searching more excited $$\Omega _b$$Ωb states in future experiments.
Transient thermomechanical analysis of a solid oxide fuel cell stack based on 3D multiphysical field model
Authors: Li Qiangqiang , Xu Zonglei , Cheng Mingcan , Ma Yanfei , Zhang Xiongwen , Li Guojun 
Published: March 2020

The transient thermal behavior and thermomechanical response of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) will endanger the structural reliability of these cells. We use, in this study, a comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) multiphysical field model to analyze the effects of flow configuration and transient stress response on cell stacks. The nonlinear material behavior extracted from the experiments is implemented, and the effects of heat flux boundary conditions and configurations are investigated. Results show that radiation greatly affects the temperature distribution in the stack. The counterflow with the highest temperature in the middle part has a higher temperature difference than the co-flow with the highest temperature in the outlet zone. The maximum temperature differences of three cooling rates are rapidly decreased during the first 60 min in the shutdown stage and then become steady. A maximum Mises stress with the maximum plastic strain is observed in the corners of the manifold. Elastic and thermal strains co-dominate the stress in steady operation, whereas thermal strain dominates the stress during the cooling process. The maximum Mises stress decreases initially and then increases continually in the shutdown stage. The front and rear edges and the lateral edges of the electrolytes are subjected to the high first-principle stress in steady operation, but the stresses move to the front and rear edges in the shutdown stage.
CDK9 Blockade Exploits Context-dependent Transcriptional Changes to Improve Activity and Limit Toxicity of Mithramycin for Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Flores Guillermo , Everett Joel H. , Boguslawski Elissa A. , Oswald Brandon M. , Madaj Zachary B. , Beddows Ian , Dikalov Sergey , Adams Marie , Klumpp-Thomas Carleen A. , Kitchen-Goosen Susan M. , Martin Scott E. , Caplen Natasha J. , Helman Lee J. , Grohar Patrick J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is a need to develop novel approaches to improve the balance between efficacy and toxicity for transcription factor–targeted therapies. In this study, we exploit context-dependent differences in RNA polymerase II processivity as an approach to improve the activity and limit the toxicity of the EWS-FLI1–targeted small molecule, mithramycin, for Ewing sarcoma. The clinical activity of mithramycin for Ewing sarcoma is limited by off-target liver toxicity that restricts the serum concentration to levels insufficient to inhibit EWS-FLI1. In this study, we perform an siRNA screen of the druggable genome followed by a matrix drug screen to identify mithramycin potentiators and a synergistic “class” effect with cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitors. These CDK9 inhibitors enhanced the mithramycin-mediated suppression of the EWS-FLI1 transcriptional program leading to a shift in the IC50 and striking regressions of Ewing sarcoma xenografts. To determine whether these compounds may also be liver protective, we performed a qPCR screen of all known liver toxicity genes in HepG2 cells to identify mithramycin-driven transcriptional changes that contribute to the liver toxicity. Mithramycin induces expression of the BTG2 gene in HepG2 but not Ewing sarcoma cells, which leads to a liver-specific accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). siRNA silencing of BTG2 rescues the induction of ROS and the cytotoxicity of mithramycin in these cells. Furthermore, CDK9 inhibition blocked the induction of BTG2 to limit cytotoxicity in HepG2, but not Ewing sarcoma cells. These studies provide the basis for a synergistic and less toxic EWS-FLI1–targeted combination therapy for Ewing sarcoma.
Anti-KIT DNA Aptamer for Targeted Labeling of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Banerjee Sudeep , Yoon Hyunho , Yebra Mayra , Tang Chih-Min , Gilardi Mara , Shankara Narayanan Jayanth S. , White Rebekah R. , Sicklick Jason K. , Ray Partha 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), the most common sarcoma, is characterized by KIT protein overexpression, and tumors are frequently driven by oncogenic KIT mutations. Targeted inhibition of KIT revolutionized GIST therapy and ushered in the era of precision medicine for the treatment of solid malignancies. Here, we present the first use of a KIT-specific DNA aptamer for targeted labeling of GIST. We found that an anti-KIT DNA aptamer bound cells in a KIT-dependent manner and was highly specific for GIST cell labeling in vitro. Functionally, the KIT aptamer bound extracellular KIT in a manner similar to KIT mAb staining, and was trafficked intracellularly in vitro. The KIT aptamer bound dissociated primary human GIST cells in a mutation agnostic manner such that tumors with KIT and PDGFRA mutations were labeled. In addition, the KIT aptamer specifically labeled intact human GIST tissue ex vivo, as well as peritoneal xenografts in mice with high sensitivity. These results represent the first use of an aptamer-based method for targeted detection of GIST in vitro and in vivo.
Emergency Intracranial Stenting in Acute Stroke: Predictors for Poor Outcome and for Complications
Authors: Stracke Christian Paul , Fiehler Jens , Meyer Lukas , Thomalla Götz , Krause Lars Udo , Lowens Stephan , Rothaupt Jan , Kim Byung Moon , Heo Ji Hoe , Yeo Leonard L.L. , Andersson Tommy , Kabbasch Christoph , Dorn Franziska , Chapot Rene , Hanning Uta 
Published: March 2020

Background
Stent‐retriever thrombectomy is the first‐line therapy in acute stroke with intracranial large vessel occlusion. In case of failure of stent‐retriever thrombectomy, rescue stent angioplasty might be the only treatment option to achieve permanent recanalization. This study aims at identifying predictors for poor outcome and complications in a large, multicenter cohort receiving rescue stent angioplasty.

Methods and Results

We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with large vessel occlusion who were treated with rescue stent angioplasty after stent‐retriever thrombectomy between 2012 and 2018 in 7 neurovascular centers. We defined 2 binary outcomes: (1) functional clinical outcome (good modified Rankin Scale, 0–2; and poor modified Rankin Scale, 4–6) and (2) early symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Impacts of clinical, radiological, and interventional parameters on outcomewere assessed in uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression models. Two hundred ten patients were included with target vessels located within the anterior circulation (136 of 210; 64.8%) and posterior circulation (74 of 210; 35.2%). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occured in 22 patients, 86.4% (19 of 22) after anterior and 13.6% (3 of 22) after posterior circulation large vessel occlusion. Good functional outcome was observed in 44.8% (73 of 163). A higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale on admission (adjusted odds ratio, 1.10;
P=
0.002), a higher premorbid modified Rankin Scale (adjusted odds ratio, 2.02;
P
=0.049), and a modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 0 to 2a after stenting (adjusted odds ratio, 23.24;
P
<0.001) were independent predictors of poor functional outcome.

Conclusions
Use of rescue stent angioplasty can be considered for acute intracranial large vessel occlusion in cases after unsuccessful stent‐retriever thrombectomy. Likelihood of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage is higher in anterior circulation stroke.
Religious Politics in Africa: Fasting for Politics, or Political Fasting in Zimbabwe?
Authors: Tarusarira Joram 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the post-colonial history of presidential aspirants in Zimbabwe, no politician has been as overtly religious as Nelson Chamisa, the current leader of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC). Chamisa identifies himself as a politician and a pastor whose politics are guided by his Christian faith. However, he took religious rhetoric to mobilise support to an unprecedented level when he explicitly blurred the boundaries between functions by calling for and leading a week of fasting and prayer from 29th July to 4th August 2019. Through a digital ethnography of Chamisa’s Twitter posts and the direct responses to them posted by members of the public during the fasting and prayer week, this article investigates how this call was received by those who responded on Twitter and what this tells us about Zimbabweans’ perceptions of religious politics, that is, the deployment of dominant religions like Christianity in politics.
<p><strong><em>Stellaria pentastyla</em></strong><strong> (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Yunnan (China)</strong></p>
Authors: WANG WEN-QIAO , XU HAN-FENG , SHEN KANG-LONG , SU ZHI-WEI , MA ZHONG-HUI 
Published: March 2020

Stellaria pentastyla sp. nov. (Caryophyllaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Yunnan Province of China on the basis of both morphological and molecular data [nuclear ITS and two plastid regions (matK and trnL-F)]. The new species is similar to S. palustris and S. graminea from which differs by the number styles (5 vs. 3), the shorter leaves (10–13 mm vs. 20–45 mm and 5–50 mm, respectively). S. pentastyla is also similar to S. patens from which can be distinguished in having 5 styles (vs. 3 styles) and glabrous stem (vs. pubescent), and to S. lanipes from which differs from by styles (5 vs. 3), glabrous nodes (vs. densely white lanate on the nodes), and sessile leaves (vs. proximal leaves with very short petiolate).
North Atlantic Modulation of Interdecadal Variations in Hot Drought Events over Northeastern China
Authors: Li Huixin , He Shengping , Gao Yongqi , Chen Huopo , Wang Huijun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBased on the long-term reanalysis datasets and the multivariate copula method, this study reveals that the frequency of summer hot drought events (SHDEs) over northeastern China (NEC) shows interdecadal variations during 1925–2010. It is revealed that the summer sea surface temperature (SST) over the North Atlantic has a significant positive correlation with the frequency of SHDEs over NEC on the decadal time scale, indicating a potential influence of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). Further analyses indicate that during the positive phases of the AMO, the warming SST over the North Atlantic can trigger a stationary Rossby wave originating from the North Atlantic, which splits into two wave trains propagating along two different routes. One is a zonally orientated wave train that resembles the Silk Road pattern, whereas the other is an arching wave train that resembles the polar–Eurasian pattern. A negative (positive) phase of the Silk Road pattern (polar–Eurasian pattern) may result in the weakened westerly wind along the jet stream, the downward vertical motion, and the anomalous positive geopotential center over NEC, providing favorable conditions for precipitation deficiency and high temperature and resulting in increased SHDEs. Thus, the Silk Road pattern and the polar–Eurasian pattern serve as linkages between the AMO and SHDEs over northeastern China in summer on the interdecadal time scale. Model simulations from CAM4 perturbed with warmer SST in the North Atlantic show precipitation deficiency and high temperature conditions over northeastern China in summer, supporting the potential impacts of the North Atlantic SST on SHDEs over northeastern China. The results suggest that the phase of the AMO should be taken into account in the decadal prediction of SHDEs over northeastern China in summer.
Quantifying the Benefits of Nonlinear Methods for Global Statistical Hindcasts of Tropical Cyclones Intensity
Authors: Neetu S. , Lengaigne M. , Vialard J. , Mangeas M. , Menkes C.E. , Suresh I. , Leloup J. , Knaff J.A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
While tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts have become increasingly accurate over recent decades, intensity forecasts from both numerical models and statistical schemes have been trailing behind. Most operational statistical–dynamical forecasts of TC intensity use linear regression to relate the initial TC characteristics and most relevant large-scale environmental parameters along the TC track to the TC intensification rate. Yet, many physical processes involved in TC intensification are nonlinear, hence potentially hindering the skill of those linear schemes. Here, we develop two nonlinear TC intensity hindcast schemes, for the first time globally. These schemes are based on either support vector machine (SVM) or artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms. Contrary to linear schemes, which perform slightly better when trained individually over each TC basin, nonlinear methods perform best when trained globally. Globally trained nonlinear schemes improve TC intensity hindcasts relative to regionally trained linear schemes in all TC-prone basins, especially the SVM scheme for which this improvement reaches ~10% globally. The SVM scheme, in particular, partially corrects the tendency of the linear scheme to underperform for moderate intensity (category 2 and less on the Saffir–Simpson scale) and decaying TCs. Although the TC intensity hindcast skill improvements described above are an upper limit of what could be achieved operationally (when using forecasted TC tracks and environmental parameters), it is comparable to that achieved by operational forecasts over the last 20 years. This improvement is sufficiently large to motivate more testing of nonlinear methods for statistical TC intensity prediction at operational centers.
Job Talk
Authors: Collingwood Huesten 
Published: March 2020

In its first three years of operation, approximately one fourth of the specialized agencies for the blind, and a number of community school systems throughout the United States listed vacancies with PRS. It is known that at least 15 per cent of the vacancies listed were filled as a result of referrals made by PRS, including six executive director positions. Eight hundred and twenty-nine individuals registered with PRS in this time. Registrations were stimulated by regular advertising in various professional publications and by other sources. About one-third of the persons who registered on the practitioner-supervisory level were blind, including a number of teachers for whom there is little demand according to the job orders placed with PRS. Employers have been generally reluctant or unable to offer salaries which would be likely to induce high quality persons with good experience to come into the field of blindness. The Advisory Committee of PRS placed high priority on the educational role of PRS in generally improving personnel standards, practices and salary levels.* It is planned that greater attention will be given to these broad areas of professional manpower needs.
An Appraisal of Partial Vision: Its Dual Nature and Problems
Authors: Zimmerman A. Alfred 
Published: March 2020

It should be borne in mind that visual efficiency cannot be measured or compared in terms of percentages or fractions. It must be measured by actual performance of tasks which are educationally, vocationally, and socially performed or learned, using the upper limits of normal vision. These upper limits of normal vision occur during a small part of the time, and during the rest, little or no fine vision is required. While using fine or higher vision, speed, accuracy, and endurance are probably the ultimate determiners as to whether visual deficiency occurs or does not occur. The partially sighted individual must be conscious of his limitations as well as of the advantages of his limited vision in order to most satisfactorily utilize the tools at his command and determine his own status. As in most other facets of our daily lives, such an individual cannot successfully continue as neither blind nor sighted. The partially sighted person's admission to himself that he is a blind person will not hinder him; rather it will greatly enhance his use of the excellent opportunities and techniques available. He should be encouraged to use his vision as well as his other capacities and senses. He should be persuaded to drop the fallacies and fabrications which he has used in his attempts to deny his deficiencies. Thus, both he and the professional worker, and the community at large, will learn to avoid convenient but erroneous comparisons and preconceived notions that tend to confuse rather than clarify his problems or his advantages. The problems of educating and rehabilitating blind persons are overwhelming and hold significant challenges for the future. An ameliorating process from this point onward is strongly indicated. The mysteries of partial sightedness, although presenting such great challenges, can be solved, provided there is a sharing of the responsibility among the community, the professional worker, the family, and the partially sighted individual himself.