bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is intravitreal topotecan toxic to retinal function?
Authors: Nadelmann Jennifer , Francis Jasmine H , Brodie Scott E , Muca Engjel , Abramson David H 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundIntravitreal injections of topotecan are used in the management of retinoblastoma with vitreous seeds. This study evaluated whether intravitreal topotecan was associated with retinal toxicity.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of patients with retinoblastoma who were treated with intravitreal topotecan at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between December 2014 and May 2019. Electroretinogram (ERG) responses under anaesthesia were measured immediately before treatment with intravitreal topotecan and at the next visitor approximately one-month. Ocular toxicity was defined by a decrease in the ERG response at 30 Hz at follow-up.ResultsOcular toxicity was evaluated by ERG on 50 evaluable injections administered to 28 eyes. 22 (44.0%) injections were performed with concurrent intravitreal melphalan. The median time to ERG measurement following an injection was 27 days. By using a paired t-test, intravitreal topotecan combined with melphalan (n=22) at a dose of 25 μg or 30 μg was associated with a significant decrease in ERG amplitude at follow-up (p=0.046, 95% CI −20.4 μV to −0.2 μV). Among eyes that only received topotecan (n=28) at doses of 20 μg or 30 μg, there was not a significant difference in ERG amplitude measured (p=0.85, 95% CI −7.0 μV to 5.8 μV).ConclusionIntravitreal topotecan combined with intravitreal melphalan was associated with a decrease in ERG amplitude; there was not a significant decrease in ERG amplitude observed in patients who received topotecan alone. These findings suggest that intravitreal topotecan injections at doses of 20 μg or 30 μg are not associated with retinal toxicity in patients with retinoblastoma.
Robotic versus laparoscopic ventral hernia repair: multicenter, blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Olavarria Oscar A , Bernardi Karla , Shah Shinil K , Wilson Todd D , Wei Shuyan , Pedroza Claudia , Avritscher Elenir B , Loor Michele M , Ko Tien C , Kao Lillian S , Liang Mike K 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether robotic ventral hernia repair is associated with fewer days in the hospital 90 days after surgery compared with laparoscopic repair.DesignPragmatic, blinded randomized controlled trial.SettingMultidisciplinary hernia clinics in Houston, USA.Participants124 patients, deemed appropriate candidates for elective minimally invasive ventral hernia repair, consecutively presenting from April 2018 to February 2019.InterventionsRobotic ventral hernia repair (n=65) versus laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (n=59).Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was number of days in hospital within 90 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes included emergency department visits, operating room time, wound complications, hernia recurrence, reoperation, abdominal wall quality of life, and costs from the healthcare system perspective. Outcomes were pre-specified before data collection began and analyzed as intention to treat.ResultsPatients from both groups were similar at baseline. Ninety day follow-up was completed in 123 (99%) patients. No evidence was seen of a difference in days in hospital between the two groups (median 0 v 0 days; relative rate 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.37 to 2.19; P=0.82). For secondary outcomes, no differences were noted in emergency department visits, wound complications, hernia recurrence, or reoperation. However, robotic repair had longer operative duration (141 v 77 min; mean difference 62.89, 45.75 to 80.01; P≤0.001) and increased healthcare costs ($15 865 (£12 746; €14 125) v $12 955; cost ratio 1.21, 1.07 to 1.38; adjusted absolute cost difference $2767, $910 to $4626; P=0.004). Among patients with robotic ventral hernia repair, two had an enterotomy compared none with laparoscopic repair. The median one month postoperative improvement in abdominal wall quality of life was 3 with robotic ventral hernia repair compared with 15 following laparoscopic repair.ConclusionThis study found no evidence of a difference in 90 day postoperative hospital days between robotic and laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. However, robotic repair increased operative duration and healthcare costs.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT03490266.
Correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and disease severity in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Jing , Cui Min , Yang Tao , Yao Ping 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo study the correlation between gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and disease severity in patients with COVID-19.DesignWe searched six databases including three Chinese and three English databases for all the published articles on COVID-19. Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The relevant data were extracted and all the statistical analyses were performed using Revman5.3.ResultIn a meta-analysis of 9 studies, comprising 3022 patients, 479 patients (13.7%, 95% CI 0.125 to 0.149) had severe disease and 624 patients (14.7%, 95% CI 0.136 to 0.159) had GI symptoms. Of 624 patients with GI symptoms, 118 patients had severe disease (20.5%, 95% CI 0.133 to 0.276) and of 2397 cases without GI symptoms, 361 patients had severe disease (18.2%, 95% CI 0.129 to 0.235). Comparing disease severity of patients with and without GI symptoms, the results indicated: I²=62%, OR=1.21, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.56, p=0.13; there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The funnel plot was symmetrical with no publication bias.ConclusionCurrent results are not sufficient to demonstrate a significant correlation between GI symptoms and disease severity in patients with COVID-19.
Extending existing recommended military casualty evacuation timelines will likely increase morbidity and mortality: a UK consensus statement
Authors: Scallan Nicholas James , Keene D D , Breeze J , Hodgetts T J , Mahoney P F 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionFuture conflicts may have limited use of aviation-based prehospital emergency care for evacuation. This will increase the likelihood of extended evacuation timelines and an extended hold at a forward hospital care facility following the completion of damage control surgery or acute medical interventions.MethodsA three-round Delphi Study was undertaken using a panel comprising 44 experts from the UK armed forces including clinicians, logisticians, medical planners and commanders. The panel was asked to consider the effect of an extended hold at Deployed Hospital Care (Forward) from the current 2-hour timeline to +4, +8, +12 and +24 hours on a broad range of clinical and logistical issues. Where 75% of respondents had the same opinion, consensus was accepted. Areas where consensus could not be achieved were used to identify future research priorities.ResultsConsensus was reached that increasing timelines would increase the personnel, logistics and equipment support required to provide clinical care. There is a tipping point with a prolonged hold over 8 hours, after which the greatest number of clinical concerns emerge. Additional specialties of surgeons other than general and orthopaedic surgeons will likely be required with holds over 24 hours, and robust telemedicine would not negate this requirement.ConclusionsRetaining acute medical emergencies at 4 hours, and head injuries was considered a particular risk. This could potentially be mitigated by an increased forward capacity of some elements of medical care and availability of a CT scanner and intracranial pressure monitoring at over 12 hours. Any efforts to mitigate the effects of prolonged timelines will come at the expense of an increased logistical burden and a reduction in mobility. Ultimately the true effect of prolonged timelines can only be answered by close audit and analysis of clinical outcomes during future operations with an extended hold.
Pharmacists’ roles in supporting people living with severe and persistent mental illness: a systematic review protocol
Authors: El-Den Sarira , McMillan Sara S , Wheeler Amanda J , Ng Ricki , Roennfeldt Helena , O'Reilly Claire L 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionSevere and persistent mental illness (SPMI) can significantly impact a person’s social, personal and professional life. Previous studies have demonstrated pharmacists’ roles in mental healthcare; however, limited studies to date have focused on pharmacists’ roles in providing healthcare services, specifically, to people living with SPMI. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the pharmacists’ roles in providing support to people living with SPMI.Methods and analysisA systematic search will be conducted in Medline, Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses to identify potentially relevant primary research for inclusion. This will be guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols checklist for systematic reviews. All primary research publications regardless of study design exploring or reporting on pharmacists’ involvement in supporting people living with SPMI will be considered for inclusion. A tabular summary will be completed using data extracted from each included publication. Data synthesis and quality assessment methods will be chosen based on included study designs.Ethics and disseminationThe results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and used to inform the development of a pharmacist-specific training package to support people living with SPMI.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020170711.
Effects of respiratory rehabilitation on patients with novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in the rehabilitation phase: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Feilong , Zhang Ming , Gao Min , Zeng Cheng , Wang Dan , Hong Qianqin , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionThe recent viral pneumonia caused by the COVID-19 has gained the attention of the people all over the world. We aim to investigate the effects of respiratory rehabilitation therapy on patients infected with the novel coronavirus by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods and analysisThis systematic review and meta-analysis have been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and Viper information databases will be searched from inception time to date without restricting research types to find relevant studies. We will also look into reference lists of relevant trials and reviews, and manually search grey literature, such as trial registries. Two reviewers will independently extract data and perform quality assessment of included studies. Review Manager V.5.3 (Cochrane Collaboration) and Stata V.16.0 software will be used to conduct this meta-analysis. The mean difference or standardised mean difference with 95% CIs is used in the computation of continuous variables to synthesise data.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required due to the nature of this meta-analysis, which is based on published papers. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal once we finish this study.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020180214.
At-home telemedicine for medical abortion in Australia: a qualitative study of patient experiences and recommendations
Authors: Fix Laura , Seymour Jane W , Sandhu Monisha Vaid , Melville Catriona , Mazza Danielle , Thompson Terri-Ann 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionThis study aimed to explore patient experiences obtaining a medical abortion using an at-home telemedicine service operated by Marie Stopes Australia.MethodsFrom July to October 2017, we conducted semistructured in-depth telephone interviews with a convenience sample of medical abortion patients from Marie Stopes Australia. We analysed interview data for themes relating to patient experiences prior to service initiation, during an at-home telemedicine medical abortion visit, and after completing the medical abortion.ResultsWe interviewed 24 patients who obtained care via the at-home telemedicine medical abortion service. Patients selected at-home telemedicine due to convenience, ability to remain at home and manage personal responsibilities, and desires for privacy. A few telemedicine patients reported that a lack of general practitioner knowledge of abortion services impeded their access to care. Most telemedicine patients felt at-home telemedicine was of equal or superior privacy to in-person care and nearly all felt comfortable during the telemedicine visit. Most were satisfied with the home delivery of the abortion medications and would recommend the service.ConclusionPatient reports suggest that an at-home telemedicine model for medical abortion is a convenient and acceptable mode of service delivery that may reduce patient travel and out-of-pocket costs. Additional provider education about this model may be necessary in order to improve continuity of patient care. Further study of the impacts of this model on patients is needed to inform patient care and determine whether such a model is appropriate for similar geographical and legal contexts.
Psychological distress in women and men living with HIV in Spain: a cross-sectional telephone survey
Authors: Garriga Cesar , Gutiérrez Trujillo Lourdes , Del Romero Jorge , Montero Marta , Pérez-Elías María Jesús , Culqui Lévano Dante , Gutierrez Félix , Gómez-Sirvent Juan Luis , Peña-Monje Alejandro , Blanco José Ramón , Rodríguez-Arenas María Angeles 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPsychological distress includes a broader range of experiences, varying from less severe symptoms of depression and anxiety to severe psychiatric disease. Global estimates for depression and anxiety in 2017 were 3.4% and 3.8%, respectively. While for people living with HIV, global estimates were 16% and 33%, respectively.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological distress by gender and associated characteristics in patients living with HIV.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted within the Spanish HIV Research Network CoRIS. Participants were interviewed by telephone between 2010 and 2014 about their psychological distress, sociodemographics, drug consumption, self-perceived health and combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) adherence. Laboratory tests and medical history details were collected from CoRIS. Logistic regression was used to identify characteristics associated with psychological distress.FindingsWe interviewed 99 women and 464 men, both living with HIV. A greater proportion of women (51, 51.5%) reported psychological distress than men (179, 38.6%; p<0.01). Non-adherence to cART (OR 4.6 and 2.3, 95% CI 1.4‒15.1 and 1.3‒4.2) and non-use of cART (8.4 and 1.8, 2.2‒32.4 and 1.1‒2.8) were related to psychological distress in women and men, respectively. Spending little time in leisure-based physical activity was related to psychological distress in women (3.1, 1.1‒9.0). Living alone (2.0, 1.3‒3.0) and being unemployed (2.3, 1.4‒3.6) were related to psychological distress in men.Conclusions and clinical implicationsAs people living with HIV have a high prevalence of psychological distress, their regular screening appointments should include psychological assessment. A gendered approach is needed to detect and manage psychological distress.
Glycosphingolipid-associated β-1,4 galactosyltransferase is elevated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sadras Vignesh , Petri Michelle A , Jones Steven Richard , Peterlin Barbara Lee , Chatterjee Subroto 
Published: July 2020

Objectiveβ-1,4 galactosyltransferase-V (β-1,4 GalT-V) is an enzyme that synthesises a glycosphingolipid known as lactosylceramide, which has been implicated in general inflammation and atherosclerosis. We asked if β-1,4 GalT-V was present at elevated levels in patients with SLE, a disease which is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis.MethodsIn this case–control observational study, serum samples were obtained from patients with SLE who are part of the Johns Hopkins Lupus Cohort. Control serum samples were obtained from healthy adult community members recruited from the Baltimore area. All serum samples (n=50 in the SLE group and n=50 in the healthy control group) were analysed with enzyme-linked immunoassays. These assays used antibodies raised against antigens that enabled us to measure the absorbance of oxidised phosphocholines per apolipoprotein B-100 (ox-PC/apoB) and the concentration of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and β-1,4 GalT-V.ResultsAbsorbance of ox-PC/apoB and concentrations of Lp(a) and β-1,4 GalT-V were significantly higher in the SLE serum samples as compared with the control serum (p<0.0001).ConclusionsWe conclude that patients with SLE have elevated levels of β-1,4 GalT-V and ox-PC, which have previously been recognised as risk factors for atherosclerosis.
Worldwide 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke and the temporal trend
Authors: Zhang Runhua , Wang Yu , Fang Jiming , Yu Miaoxin , Wang Yongjun , Liu Gaifen 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke is an essential epidemiological metric. Whereas the case fatality after ischaemic stroke and the temporal trend is uncertain. We aimed to estimate the 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke and its temporal trend, as well as its regional variation.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Embase to identify the studies for 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke . The population-based studies were included. Two investigators extracted the data and assessed the quality independently. One-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke was estimated using a random effects model. The temporal trend was evaluated using a mixed-effect meta-regression model.ResultsA total of 59 articles with 77 time periods were included. The worldwide 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke was 13.5% (95% CI 12.3% to 14.7%). The case fatality was 10.8% (95% CI 8.3% to 13.5%) in Asia, 14.2% (95% CI 12.6% to 15.9%) in Europe, 14.0% (95% CI 11.2% to 17.1%) in South America and Caribbean, 14.0% (95% CI 9.5% to 19.1%) in North America and 12.5% (95% CI 11.1% to 13.9%) in Australia and New Zealand. Overall, there was a non-significant decrease of 0.1% per year in case fatality. It decreased significantly in Europe (−0.2% annually, 95% CI −0.4% to −0.01%) and North America (−0.2% annually, 95% CI −0.4% to −0.04%), increased significantly in Australia and New Zealand (0.2% annually, 95% CI 0.1% to 0.4%), while no evidence of change in other regions.ConclusionThe 1-month case fatality of ischaemic stroke and its temporal trend were divergent across regions. Further studies are needed to address the reason of the regional difference, which will be helpful to guide the effort of reducing stroke burden.
Assessing cigarette packaging and labelling policy effects on early adolescents: results from a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Barrientos-Gutierrez Inti , Islam Farahnaz , Cho Yoo Jin , Salloum Ramzi George , Louviere Jordan , Arillo-Santillán Edna , Reynales-Shigematsu Luz Myriam , Barnoya Joaquin , Saenz de Miera Juarez Belen , Hardin James , Thrasher James F. 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionCigarette packaging is a primary channel for tobacco advertising, particularly in countries where traditional channels are restricted. The current study evaluated the independent and interactive effects of cigarette packaging and health warning label (HWL) characteristics on perceived appeal of cigarette brands for early adolescents in Mexico.MethodsA discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted with early adolescents, aged 12–14 years (n=4251). The DCE involved a 3×25design with six attributes: brand (Marlboro, Pall Mall, Camel), tobacco flavour (regular, menthol), flavour capsule (none, 1 or 2 capsules), presence of descriptive terms, branding (vs plain packaging), HWL size (30%, 75%) and HWL content (emphysema vs mouth cancer). Participants viewed eight sets of three cigarette packs and selected a pack in each set that: (1) is most/least attractive, (2) they are most/least interested in trying or (3) is most/least harmful, with a no difference option.ResultsParticipants perceived packs as less attractive, less interesting to try and more harmful if they had plain packaging or had larger HWLs, with the effect being most pronounced when plain packaging is combined with larger HWLs. For attractiveness, plain packaging had the biggest influence on choice (43%), followed by HWL size (19%). Interest in trying was most influenced by brand name (34%), followed by plain packaging (29%). Perceived harm was most influenced by brand name (30%), followed by HWL size (29%).ConclusionIncreasing the size of HWLs and implementing plain packaging appear to reduce the appeal of cigarettes to early adolescents. Countries should adopt these policies to minimise the impact of tobacco marketing.
CAMK1D Triggers Immune Resistance of Human Tumor Cells Refractory to Anti–PD-L1 Treatment
Authors: Volpin Valentina , Michels Tillmann , Sorrentino Antonio , Menevse Ayse N. , Knoll Gertrud , Ditz Madlen , Milenkovic Vladimir M. , Chen Chih-Yeh , Rathinasamy Anchana , Griewank Klaus , Boutros Michael , Haferkamp Sebastian , Berneburg Mark , Wetzel Christian H. , Seckinger Anja , Hose Dirk , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Ehrenschwender Martin , Witzens-Harig Mathias , Szoor Arpad , Vereb Gyorgy , Khandelwal Nisit , Beckhove Philipp 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The success of cancer immunotherapy is limited by resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. We therefore conducted a genetic screen to identify genes that mediated resistance against CTLs in anti–PD-L1 treatment–refractory human tumors. Using PD-L1–positive multiple myeloma cells cocultured with tumor-reactive bone marrow–infiltrating CTL as a model, we identified calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1D (CAMK1D) as a key modulator of tumor-intrinsic immune resistance. CAMK1D was coexpressed with PD-L1 in anti–PD-L1/PD-1 treatment–refractory cancer types and correlated with poor prognosis in these tumors. CAMK1D was activated by CTL through Fas-receptor stimulation, which led to CAMK1D binding to and phosphorylating caspase-3, -6, and -7, inhibiting their activation and function. Consistently, CAMK1D mediated immune resistance of murine colorectal cancer cells in vivo. The pharmacologic inhibition of CAMK1D, on the other hand, restored the sensitivity toward Fas-ligand treatment in multiple myeloma and uveal melanoma cells in vitro. Thus, rapid inhibition of the terminal apoptotic cascade by CAMK1D expressed in anti–PD-L1–refractory tumors via T-cell recognition may have contributed to tumor immune resistance.