bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated sustainable approach for the development of Kyoho skin functional tea
Authors: Sridhar Kandi , Chao‐Sheng Fan , Charles Albert Linton 
Published: July 2020

SummaryKyoho (Vitis labruscana) skin is one of the valuable and eco‐friendly agricultural waste and a potential source of phenolic compounds. Therefore, we attempted to develop Kyoho skin functional tea and evaluated its nutritional‐functional properties as affected by drying temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60 °C). Kyoho skin functional tea reported negligible protein (0.02 mg g−1), fat (0.04–0.19%) and calories (0.36–0.70 cal g−1). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents ranged from 0.25 to 0.56 mg GAE mL−1 and 0.03 to 0.19 mg QE mL−1, respectively. Kyoho skin functional tea showed functional properties including antioxidant activity (63.33–79.78%) and anthocyanins (0.25–0.34 mg per 100 mL). The sensory evaluation of Kyoho skin functional tea (dried at 40 °C) rated as acceptable (>6) with attractive colour (>6). Overall, these findings recommended the possibility of using Kyoho skin to develop functional teas, which may strengthen the global beverage industries.
Dioscin elicits anti‐tumour immunity by inhibiting macrophage M2 polarization via JNK and STAT3 pathways in lung cancer
Authors: Cui Luyun , Yang Guangdie , Ye Jiani , Yao Yinan , Lu Guohua , Chen Junjun , Fang Liangjie , Lu Shan , Zhou Jianying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTumour‐associated macrophage (TAM) is an important component in tumour microenvironment. Generally, TAM exhibits the function of M2‐like macrophage, which was closely related to angiogenesis and tumour progression. Dioscin, a natural steroidal saponin, has shown its powerful anti‐tumour activity recently. However, the mechanism of dioscin involved in immune regulation is still obscure. Here, we observed dioscin induced macrophage M2‐to‐M1 phenotype transition in vitro and inhibited IL‐10 secretion. Meanwhile, the phagocytosis of macrophages was enhanced. In subcutaneous lung tumour models, dioscin inhibited the augmentation of M2 macrophage populations. Furthermore, dioscin down‐regulated STAT3 and JNK signalling pathways in macrophages in vitro. In BMDMs, activating JNK and inhibiting STAT3 induce macrophages to M1 polarization while inhibiting JNK and activating STAT3 to M2 polarization. Additionally, condition mediums from dioscin‐pre‐treated macrophages inhibited the migration of 3LL cells and the tube‐formation capacity of HUVECs. What's more, dioscin‐mediated macrophage polarization inhibited the in vivo metastasis of 3LL cells. In conclusion, dioscin may act as a new anti‐tumour agent by inhibiting TAMs via JNK and STAT3 pathways in lung cancer.
Validity of EQ‐5D‐5L, Skindex‐16, DLQI and DLQI‐R in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Gergely L.H. , Gáspár K. , Brodszky V. , Kinyó Á. , Szegedi A. , Remenyik É. , Kiss N.F. , Bató A. , Péntek M. , Gulácsi L. , Sárdy M. , Bánvölgyi A. , Wikonkál N. , Rencz F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundNumerous generic, skin‐ and disease‐specific health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) measures are available for patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Yet, robust psychometric evidence is lacking in many aspects of these outcome measures.ObjectivesWe sought to determine convergent and known‐groups validity of multiple generic and skin‐specific HRQoL measures and to identify predictors of impaired HRQoL in patients with HS.MethodsBetween 2017 and 2019, a multicentre cross‐sectional study was carried out involving 200 consecutive HS patients. HRQoL outcomes included the EQ‐5D‐5L, EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS), Skindex‐16, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and DLQI‐Relevant (DLQI‐R). Disease severity was graded by HS‐Physician’s Global Assessment (HS‐PGA) scale and the Modified Sartorius scale (MSS).ResultsOverall, 77%, 56%, 51%, 46% and 28% reported problems in the pain/discomfort, usual activities, anxiety/depression, mobility and self‐care dimensions of EQ‐5D‐5L. Mean ± SD EQ VAS, DLQI and DLQI‐R scores were 64.29 ± 22.68, 11.75 ± 8.11 and 12.19 ± 8.33, respectively. Skindex‐16 responses indicated that the emotional burden of HS (64.55 ± 29.28) far exceeded those of functioning (49.40 ± 34.70) and physical symptoms (46.74 ± 29.36). EQ‐5D‐5L, EQ VAS, DLQI, DLQI‐R and Skindex‐16 total scores had moderate or strong correlations with each other (range: |0.487| to |0.993|), weak or moderate correlations with HS‐PGA (|0.350| to |0.433|) and weak correlations with MSS (|0.324| to |0.389|). DLQI‐R slightly outperformed DLQI both in terms of convergent and known‐groups validity. Being female, lower education level, more severe disease and genital involvement were associated with worse HRQoL (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis study provides high‐quality evidence that among skin‐specific outcomes, the DLQI, DLQI‐R and Skindex‐16, and among generic instruments, the EQ‐5D‐5L are suitable to be used in HS patients. In future research, we recommend the use of existing well‐validated HRQoL tools instead of developing new measures for each study. The development of composite measures that combine physician‐ and patient‐reported outcomes is not supported by evidence in HS.[Correction added on 25 July 2020, after first online publication: in the Abstract section, the ± signs were missing and have been added to this version.]
Effect of disinfection with peracetic acid on the microbial community of a seawater aquaculture recirculation system for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Teitge Felix , Peppler Christina , Steinhagen Dieter , Jung‐Schroers Verena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhen tropical shrimps are kept in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), one of the limiting factors is the maintenance of a sufficient water quality, and therefore, often disinfectants like peracetic acid (PAA) are added to the water either as prophylactic or treatment measure. In this study, PAA in concentrations of 0.1 mg/L, 1 mg/L and 10 mg/L was applied continuously for 56 days to small‐scale seawater RAS stocked with Litopenaeus vannamei. Treatment with 0.1 mg/L did not result in a reduction in the total bacterial amount and therefore was not effective. A concentration of 10 mg/L led to significant changes in the chemical water parameters already after 2 days and was therefore not recommendable. A concentration of 1 mg/L led to increased levels of ammonia and nitrite within 2 days and to a significant increase in the bacterial amount in the water, most probably due to an enhanced growth of heterotrophic bacteria. The microflora showed significant fluctuations, and there were indications that the welfare of the shrimps was affected. Using 1 mg PAA/L for prophylactic use is therefore also not recommendable but might be an alternative option for short‐term treatment in cases of disease outbreaks.
SlSTE1 promotes abscisic acid‐dependent salt stress‐responsive pathways via improving ion homeostasis and reactive oxygen species scavenging in tomato
Authors: Meng Xiaoqing , Cai Jing , Deng Lei , Li Ge , Sun Jian , Han Yonghua , Dong Tingting , Liu Yang , Xu Tao , Liu Siyuan , Li Zongyun , Zhu Mingku 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh salinity is one of the major limiting factors that reduces crop productivity and quality. Herein, we report that small SALT TOLERANCE ENHANCER1 (STE1) protein without any known conserved domains is required for tomato salt tolerance. Overexpression (OE) of SlSTE1 enhanced the tolerance to multiple chloride salts (NaCl, KCl, and LiCl) and oxidative stress, along with elevated antioxidant enzyme activities, increased abscisic acid (ABA) and chlorophyll contents, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulations compared to that of wild‐type (WT) plants. Moreover, decreased K+ efflux and increased H+ efflux were detected in the OE plants, which induced a higher K+/Na+ ratio. In contrast, SlSTE1‐RNAi plants displayed decreased tolerance to salt stress. RNA‐seq data revealed 1 330 differentially expressed genes in the OE plants versus WT plants under salt stress, and the transcription of numerous and diverse genes encoding transcription factors, stress‐related proteins, secondary metabolisms, kinases, and hormone synthesis/signaling‐related proteins (notably ABA and 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate) was greatly elevated. Furthermore, SlSTE1‐OE plants showed increased sensitivity to ABA, and the results suggest that SlSTE1 promotes ABA‐dependent salt stress‐responsive pathways by interacting with SlPYLs and SlSnRK2s. Collectively, our findings reveal that the small SlSTE1 protein confers salt tolerance via ABA signaling and ROS scavenging and improves ion homeostasis in tomato.
Factors associated with caregiving appraisal of informal caregivers: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Cheung Daphne Sze Ki , Leung Angela Yee Man , Davidson Patricia M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify factors associated with the caregiving appraisal of informal caregivers.BackgroundCaregiving appraisal, the cognitive evaluation of the caregiving situation, is an essential factor in determining positive or negative caregiving outcomes. Identifying factors associated with appraisal is fundamental for designing effective health promotion strategies.DesignA systematic review.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Social Sciences Citation Index, Scopus, CNKI and Wanfang Database were searched for papers published from 1984 to December 2018. Keywords related to informal caregivers' caregiving appraisal were used. Cross‐sectional and cohort studies were included. The Quality Assessment and Validity Tool for Correlational Studies, and the CASP Cohort Study Checklist were used for quality assessment. Descriptive and narrative synthesis were used to analyse data. Social ecological model was used for classifying the associated factors into different levels. The PRISMA checklist was followed.ResultsForty studies were included. The quality of the studies was moderate to high. Data were organised into three levels (individual, interpersonal and community level) and categorised into modifiable factors (e.g. patient behavioural problems, caregiver self‐efficacy and social support) and nonmodifiable factors (e.g. caregiving duration, gender and education). The majority of studies have investigated the factors at the individual level.ConclusionThere are inconsistencies in the understanding of caregiving appraisal, and consensus is needed for conceptual clarity. Caregiving appraisal is associated with three levels of factors. These modifiable factors provide evidence for designing evidence‐based interventions, and the nonmodifiable factors help identify confounding factors in assessment and appraisal.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses are the best‐placed healthcare professionals to support informal caregivers. The three levels of associated factors and the interactive approaches provide direction for informing clinical nursing practice. They also provide evidence for healthcare researchers and policymakers to develop interventions and theoretical perspectives and to better allocate healthcare resources.
Protective effects of Sosihotang extract against ultraviolet B-induced skin photoageing in hairless mice
Authors: Im A-Rang , Ji Kon-Young , Nam Kung-Woo , Chae Sungwook 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Sosihotang (SSH) is an herbal medicine traditionally used against the common cold, and hepatic and gastric diseases, in Northeast Asia. In this study, we investigated whether SSH extract can protect against UVB-induced skin damage and photoageing.

Methods
HaCaT cells were treated with SSH extract and exposed UVB irradiation at 20 mJ/cm2. Hairless mice were orally administered SSH extract (100 mg/kg per mouse) as UVB irradiation was increased from 60 to 120 mJ/cm2 over the course of 12 weeks.

Key findings
Treatment with SSH extract inhibited the upregulation of MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. In UVB-irradiated hairless mice, treatment with SSH extract restored the levels of factors instrumental in skin hydration (TEWL, capacitance, HA and TGF-β) and those regulating collagen content (procollagen, MMP-1 and MMP-9). This activity inhibited epidermal thickening and disorganization of collagen fibres. Administration of SSH extract also ameliorated the expression of UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and phosphorylation of MAPK family members (MEK, JNK, ERK and p38) by upregulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, Nrf-2, HO-1 and NQO-1).

Conclusions
These results indicate that SSH extract can be used therapeutically for the treatment of UVB-induced skin damage and photoageing.
Examination of use and barriers for five sun protection strategies in parents and their children
Authors: Schlarbaum Jamie P. , Lazovich DeAnn , Dodd Erin , Hanson Brooke , Polcari Ingrid C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesSun protection starting in childhood is an important means of skin cancer prevention. Factors associated with sunscreen use have been previously described. However, less is known about factors associated with children's utilization of non‐sunscreen sun protection strategies. We sought to examine parent and child characteristics, parental use of sun protection, and barriers associated with children's use of five sun protection strategies: sunscreen, shirts with sleeves, wide‐brimmed hats, sunglasses, and shade.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of parents of children entering kindergarten through grade 8. Survey participants were recruited at the 2016 Minnesota State Fair.ResultsA total of 409 parents were surveyed. The most common sun protection strategies parents reported for their child were wearing a shirt with sleeves (69.9%) and using sunscreen (61.9%), while protection via shade, wide‐brimmed hats, and sunglasses were reported by less than one‐quarter of parents. For each individual strategy, parents' own use of that strategy was strongly associated with that strategy in their children. Lack of child cooperation was associated with decreased use of sunscreen, shirts with sleeves, and wide‐brimmed hats.ConclusionSignificant room for improvement exists in childhood sun protection. Parents should especially be encouraged to use shade, wide‐brimmed hats, and sunglasses as methods of protection for their children. Advising parents to model seeking shade, applying sunscreen, and choosing appropriate clothing and hats may improve sun safety practices.
Comparison of GOME‐2 UVA Satellite Data to Ground‐Based UVA Measurements in South Africa
Authors: du Preez D. Jean , Parisi Alfio V. , Millar Danielle A. , Bencherif Hassan , Wright Caradee Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSatellite estimates of surface ultraviolet A (UVA) (315–400 nm) from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME)‐2 were compared to ground‐based measurements at four stations in South Africa for 2015. The comparison of daily exposure and daily maximum irradiance was completed for all‐sky and clear‐sky conditions. There is a strong linear correlation between the satellite and ground‐based data with a correlation coefficient (r) between 0.86 and 0.97 for all‐sky conditions. However, at three of the stations the satellite data are underestimated compared to ground‐based data with a mean bias error (MBE) between −8.7% and −20.6%. A seasonal analysis indicated that there is a link between the bias in ground‐based and GOME‐2 UVA and cloud fraction. Factors such as aerosols, surface albedo, altitude and data resolution may contribute to the underestimations found at the three sites. These results indicate that satellite estimates of surface UVA over South Africa do not exhibit the same behavior as other stations around the world and therefore require further validation.
A typology of blood donor motivations
Authors: Ferguson Eamonn , Hill Alexandra , Lam Michael , Reynolds Claire , Davison Katy , Lawrence Claire , Brailsford Susan R 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the need for whole blood is declining, so too are the number of first‐time and repeat blood donors. To develop new recruitment and retention strategies, therefore, we need to draw on as wide a variation in blood donor motivations as possible. The primary aim of this study is to draw on a large survey of donors to develop a broad, theoretically instantiated typology of donor motivations to identify new and less common, yet practically important, motivations that have not been previously reported.Study Design and MethodsUsing data from the UK Blood Donor Survey run by NHS Blood and Transplant/Public Health England Epidemiology Unit (N = 61 123 donors), we analyze fixed (N = 52 225) and free (N = 8867) responses to develop a more comprehensive typology of blood donor motivations based on theories from the biology, psychology, philosophy, economics, and sociology of altruism.ResultsWe identified 54 motivations, including a number of newly identified motivations, for blood donations which we organized into 12 superordinate categories (eg, “inspiration via moral elevation,” “perceived social closeness,” and “fungibility of donations”). These are linked to intervention suggestions such as donating blood in memoriam or donating blood as an alternative to other charitable acts.ConclusionWe present the most comprehensive account of blood donor motivations to‐date. This work also offers a structure for coding free‐text responses, developing motivational measures, and identifying tangible interventions. Thus, we feel that this is a valuable resource for blood donor researchers, marketers, and policy makers.
Pathogen reduction of double‐dose platelet concentrates from pools of eight buffy coats: Product quality, safety, and economic aspects
Authors: Rosskopf Konrad , Helmberg Wolfgang , Schlenke Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPathogen reduction (PR) of platelet concentrates (PCs) contributes to the safety of platelet (PLT) transfusion by reducing the risk of transfusion‐transmitted infections and transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease. In vitro quality of pathogen‐reduced double‐dose PC (PR‐PC) made of eight whole blood (WB)‐derived buffy coats (BCs) were evaluated.MethodsEight small‐volume WB BCs from donors with at least 200 × 109 PLT/L were pooled with an additive solution to produce double‐dose PCs (DD‐PCs), which were treated with amotosalen/ultraviolet A light in a dual storage processing set, yielding 2 units of PR‐PC. Quality controls were undertaken as per European Directive for the Quality of Medicines (EDQM) guidelines. PLT recovery rates were measured. Production costs and savings were compared over the 3 years before and after PR implementation.ResultsIn the pre‐PR period, 19 666 PCs were produced, compared to 17 307 PCs in the PR period. Single BC in the PR period had 41 ± 2 mL, hematocrit 0.39 ± 0.04 and 1.06 ± 0.18 × 1011 PLTs, and showed a recovery of 91% ± 8%. After pooling, separation, PR treatment of DD‐PC, and splitting, each single PC had 189 ± 6 mL with 2.52 ± 0.34 × 1011 PLTs, compared to 2.48 ± 0.40 in the pre‐PR period. The PLT recovery rate after PR was 87% ± 14%. EDQM requirements were met. An increase of about €12 (+7.5%) per PC from the pre‐PR to the PR period was identified.ConclusionA new production method resulting in two PR‐PCs made from pools of 8 BCs with use of one PR set was successfully introduced, and our experience of nearly 3 years demonstrated the high efficacy and in vitro quality of the PR‐PCs obtained.
Effect of perioperative desmopressin in cats with mammary carcinoma treated with bilateral mastectomy
Authors: Wood Christopher J. , Chu Margaret L. , Selmic Laura E. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Holt David E. , Martano Marina , Séguin Bernard , Singh Ameet , Boston Sarah E. , Lux Cassie , Liptak Julius M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPerioperative administration of desmopressin has shown to significantly decrease rates of local recurrence and metastasis, and increase survival times in dogs with grade II and III mammary carcinomas. The objective of this study was to compare the oncologic outcome of cats with mammary carcinoma treated with bilateral mastectomy with or without perioperative administration of desmopressin. Medical records from nine veterinary institutions were searched to identify cats diagnosed with mammary carcinoma treated with bilateral mastectomy. Sixty cats treated with single‐session or staged bilateral mastectomy were included. There were no significant differences in oncologic outcomes found between cats treated and not treated with desmopressin. No adverse effects were seen in any of the cats treated with perioperative desmopressin. Postoperative complications occurred in 18 cats (38.3%) treated with single‐session bilateral mastectomy and in three cats (23.1%) treated with staged bilateral mastectomy (P = .48). Histologic grade and a modification of a proposed five‐stage histologic staging system were both prognostic for disease‐free interval. Incomplete histologic excision was associated with significantly increased rates of metastasis and tumour progression, and a shorter median survival time (MST). Cats that developed local recurrence also had a significantly shorter MST. The results of this study do not support the use of perioperative desmopressin to improve outcome when performing bilateral mastectomy for the treatment of mammary carcinoma in cats.
Alterations in resting cerebrovascular regulation do not affect reactivity to hypoxia, hyperoxia or neurovascular coupling following a SCUBA dive
Authors: Caldwell Hannah G. , Hoiland Ryan L. , Barak Otto F. , Mijacika Tanja , Burma Joel S. , Dujić Željko , Ainslie Philip N. 
Published: July 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What are the characteristics of cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation following a single SCUBA dive to a depth of 18 m sea water with a 47 min bottom time.
What is the main finding and its importance?
Acute alterations in CBF regulation at rest, including extra‐cranial vasodilatation, reductions in shear patterns and elevations in intra‐cranial blood velocity were observed at rest following a single SCUBA dive.
These subtle changes in CBF regulation did not translate into any functional changes in cerebrovascular reactivity to hypoxia or hyperoxia, or neurovascular coupling following a single SCUBA dive.
AbstractReductions in vascular function during a SCUBA dive – due to hyperoxia‐induced oxidative stress, arterial and venous gas emboli and altered endothelial integrity – may also extend to the cerebrovasculature following return to the surface. This study aimed to characterize cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation following a single SCUBA dive to a depth of 18 m sea water with a 47 min bottom time. Prior to and following the dive, participants (n = 11) completed (1) resting CBF in the internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral (VA) arteries (duplex ultrasound) and intra‐cranial blood velocity (v) of the middle and posterior cerebral arteries (MCAv and PCAv, respectively) (transcranial Doppler ultrasound); (2) cerebrovascular reactivity to acute poikilocapnic hypoxia (i.e. , 0.10) and hyperoxia (i.e. , 1.0); and (3) neurovascular coupling (NVC; regional CBF response to local increases in cerebral metabolism). Global CBF, cerebrovascular reactivity to hypoxia and hyperoxia, and NVC were unaltered following a SCUBA dive (all P > 0.05); however, there were subtle changes in other cerebrovascular metrics post‐dive, including reductions in ICA (−13 ± 8%, P = 0.003) and VA (−11 ± 14%, P = 0.021) shear rate, lower ICAv (−10 ± 9%, P = 0.008) and VAv (−9 ± 14%, P = 0.028), increases in ICA diameter (+4 ± 5%, P = 0.017) and elevations in PCAv (+10 ± 19%, P = 0.047). Although we observed subtle alterations in CBF regulation at rest, these changes did not translate into any functional changes in cerebrovascular reactivity to hypoxia or hyperoxia, or NVC. Whether prolonged exposure to hyperoxia and hyperbaria during longer, deeper, colder and/or repetitive SCUBA dives would provoke changes to the cerebrovasculature requires further investigation.