bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edge crack sensitivity versus tensile local ductility of AHSS sheet steels
Authors: Larour P , Freudenthaler J , Kerschbaum M , Dolzer D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
There is a growing interest in correlating usual tensile testing results with edge crack sensitivity testing from punched ISO16630 hole expansion ratio HER (10mm shear cut hole, 12% clearance, conical expansion tool). A new kind of tensile local ductility parameter has been developed lately based on broken sample surface of tensile specimens after testing. Reduction in area or thickness at fracture are more sensitive than conventional fracture elongation with a 50 to 80m gage length to characterize the local ductility potential of sheet steels. A representative amount (300 different sets of samples) of cold rolled sheet steels have been tested in the tensile strength range 600-1200MPa and thickness range 1-2mm with 3 replicates in the transverse and longitudinal direction with ISO 6892-1, type 2, A80 tensile samples. Correlation levels of ISO16630 HER values with conventional tensile mechanical properties such as uniform & fracture elongation, yield & tensile strength, n-& r-values or derivatives are disappointing low for the investigated AHSS grades. There is however a massive improvement in the empirical statistical correlation when using local ductility properties based on fracture area or thickness reduction measurements on broken tensile samples. Logarithmic local ductility strains correlate generally linearly with logarithmic hole expansion ratio. Logarithmic true local ductility values are proving more suitable than engineering strains for correlations. Transverse direction improves slightly the correlation quality vs. longitudinal direction. The correlation is also higher for thickness reduction in comparison to reduction of area based properties.
A full-field optimization approach for iterative definition of yielding for non-quadratic and free shape yield models in plane strain
Authors: Hippke Holger , Berisha Bekim , Hora Pavel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An advanced strategy for iterative definition of initial yielding based on planar strain distribution is presented. It is shown that full-field DIC measurement of NTR5 samples provides information on initial yielding for plane strain. The interdependency of strain increment and yield locus under assumption of associated flow allows for definition of yield parameters using a non-linear optimization scheme with LS-OPT. Pivotal for research in direction of additional support points for definition of initial yielding was the discovery that definition of yielding based only on tensile and biaxial experiments is not sufficient for aluminum alloy. Special focus was placed on the area of generalized plane strain, which is the most critical stress state. Previous publications illustrated experimental options using cruciform tension and crystal plasticity as support points in generalized plane strain. This publication introduces an additional strategy to determine data for multiaxial stress states without need of additional experiments. The iterative strategy shows promising results for definition of yielding in generalized plane strain. Additionally, it is illustrated that common yield models such as non-quadratic YLD2000-2D and free-shape Vegter are sufficiently capable to describe yielding of aluminum alloy, if their full potential is exploited. The strategy is evaluated on the basis of Nakajima strain distributions and a conclusion is drawn on applicability and predictive capabilities.
Study on the influence of the yield surface shape in the hole expansion test
Authors: Oliveira M C , Neto D M , Alves J L , Menezes LF 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The hole expansion test has become popular since it allows to study the formability of metallic sheets, in particular the onset of necking in stretch flanging areas. The accurate prediction of strain localization and consequent fracture requires a proper description of the plastic behavior, particularly the anisotropic yield function. In the context of strain localization prediction, the yield criterion adopted plays an important role, particularly when using an associated flow rule, since the direction of the plastic strain tensor is modelled by the normal to the yield surface. In this work, the parameters of an advanced yield criterion are calibrated considering a wide set of experimental data, which includes results from uniaxial and biaxial tension tests. This enables establishing yield surfaces with similar shape in the plane defined by the stress components in the rolling and transverse directions and a null shear component in the same plane. However, their shape changes slightly when considering non-null values for that shear component. The numerical simulations of the hole expansion test demonstrate the impact of these slight differences on the thickness strain distribution and, consequently, in the instant and location of the necking.
Deep drawing behavior of IN625 alloy under the influence of different process parameters
Authors: Morchhale Ayush , Kotkunde Nitin , Kumar Singh Swadesh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Ni-Cr based IN625 alloy has been extensively used in critical applications of aerospace and nuclear industries. Various components have been manufactured using sheet metal forming processes. In the present work, the deep drawability of material has been examined under the influence of different process parameters such as temperature, punch speed, lubrication, and blank holding pressure using the processing window. The deep drawability has been analyzed in three different zones, namely, safe, wrinkling, and fracture. The limit drawing ratio increased by 7.12 % on increasing the temperature from 300K to 673K. The thickness distribution across the deep-drawn component plays a crucial role in examining the quality and life of it. Therefore, in this context, a detailed analysis of different process parameters over the drawn cup’s thickness distribution has been done. The minimum thickness was obtained near the punch corner or the cup junction region of the deep drawn cup. The uniformity in the thickness distribution and drawing height also increased with the forming temperature and decrease in punch speed. Additionally, two different yield criteria, namely, Hill 1948 and Barlat 1989, have been analyzed and further used for the numerical analysis using the user material subroutines in Abaqus software. The results predicted using Barlat 1989 yield criterion more closely followed the experimental results as the average absolute error obtained is well within the 5% of the acceptable limit.
The Utility of Next-Generation Sequencing in Advanced Breast and Gynecologic Cancers
Authors: Jones Terrell E , Zou Jian , Tseng George C , Roy Somak , Bhargava Rohit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesNext-generation sequencing (NGS) has the potential to identify genetic alterations that are actionable with targeted therapy. Our objective was to identify the impact of NGS testing on advanced breast and gynecologic malignancies.MethodsA retrospective review of 108 patients who underwent NGS testing between 2015 and 2019 was performed. The NGS clinical action rate was calculated based on documentation of positive clinical action taken in cases with an actionable NGS result.ResultsThe 108 specimens tested included 35 breast cancers and 73 gynecologic malignancies, with most of the testing performed at Foundation Medicine (90%). Actionable mutation(s) were identified in 79 (73%) of 108 cases. The overall clinical action rate of NGS testing was 38% (30 of 79 cases). Overall, 47 (44%) of 108 patients died, all succumbing to disease. The average survival was 10.9 months. The survival difference between patients with actionable NGS result and targeted treatment, actionable NGS result but no targeted treatment, and patients with nonactionable NGS result was not significant (log-rank test, P = .5160).ConclusionsNGS testing for advanced breast and gynecologic cancers at our institution has a 38% clinical action rate. However, the increased clinical action rate over the years did not translate into improved survival.
Identification of quantitative trait loci for dynamic and steady-state photosynthetic traits in a barley mapping population
Authors: Salter William T , Li Si , Dracatos Peter M , Barbour Margaret M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Enhancing the photosynthetic induction response to fluctuating light has been suggested as a key target for improvement in crop breeding programmes, with the potential to substantially increase whole-canopy carbon assimilation and contribute to crop yield potential. Rubisco activation may be the main physiological process that will allow us to achieve such a goal. In this study, we assessed the phenotype of Rubisco activation rate in a doubled haploid (DH) barley mapping population [131 lines from a Yerong/Franklin (Y/F) cross] after a switch from moderate to saturating light. Rates of Rubisco activation were found to be highly variable across the mapping population, with a median activation rate of 0.1 min−1 in the slowest genotype and 0.74 min−1 in the fastest genotype. A unique quantitative trait locus (QTL) for Rubisco activation rate was identified on chromosome 7H. This is the first report on the identification of a QTL for Rubisco activation rate in planta and the discovery opens the door to marker-assisted breeding to improve whole-canopy photosynthesis of barley. This also suggests that genetic factors other than the previously characterized Rubisco activase (RCA) isoforms on chromosome 4H control Rubisco activity. Further strength is given to this finding as this QTL co-localized with QTLs identified for steady-state photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. Several other distinct QTLs were identified for these steady-state traits, with a common overlapping QTL on chromosome 2H, and distinct QTLs for photosynthesis and stomatal conductance identified on chromosomes 4H and 5H, respectively. Future work should aim to validate these QTLs under field conditions so that they can be used to aid plant breeding efforts.
Deep learning approaches for neural decoding across architectures and recording modalities
Authors: Livezey Jesse A , Glaser Joshua I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Decoding behavior, perception or cognitive state directly from neural signals is critical for brain–computer interface research and an important tool for systems neuroscience. In the last decade, deep learning has become the state-of-the-art method in many machine learning tasks ranging from speech recognition to image segmentation. The success of deep networks in other domains has led to a new wave of applications in neuroscience. In this article, we review deep learning approaches to neural decoding. We describe the architectures used for extracting useful features from neural recording modalities ranging from spikes to functional magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, we explore how deep learning has been leveraged to predict common outputs including movement, speech and vision, with a focus on how pretrained deep networks can be incorporated as priors for complex decoding targets like acoustic speech or images. Deep learning has been shown to be a useful tool for improving the accuracy and flexibility of neural decoding across a wide range of tasks, and we point out areas for future scientific development.
Tractographic and Microstructural Analysis of the Dentato-Rubro-Thalamo-Cortical Tracts in Children Using Diffusion MRI
Authors: Toescu Sebastian M , Hales Patrick W , Kaden Enrico , Lacerda Luis M , Aquilina Kristian , Clark Christopher A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe dentato-rubro-thalamo-cortical tract (DRTC) is the main outflow pathway of the cerebellum, contributing to a finely balanced corticocerebellar loop involved in cognitive and sensorimotor functions. Damage to the DRTC has been implicated in cerebellar mutism syndrome seen in up to 25% of children after cerebellar tumor resection. Multi-shell diffusion MRI (dMRI) combined with quantitative constrained spherical deconvolution tractography and multi-compartment spherical mean technique modeling was used to explore the frontocerebellar connections and microstructural signature of the DRTC in 30 healthy children. The highest density of DRTC connections were to the precentral (M1) and superior frontal gyri (F1), and from cerebellar lobules I–IV and IX. The first evidence of a topographic organization of anterograde projections to the frontal cortex at the level of the superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) is demonstrated, with streamlines terminating in F1 lying dorsomedially in the SCP compared to those terminating in M1. The orientation dispersion entropy of DRTC regions appears to exhibit greater contrast than that shown by fractional anisotropy. Analysis of a separate reproducibility cohort demonstrates good consistency in the dMRI metrics described. These novel anatomical insights into this well-studied pathway may prove to be of clinical relevance in the surgical resection of cerebellar tumors.
Evidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection After Recovery from Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Lee Jee-Soo , Kim So Yeon , Kim Taek Soo , Hong Ki Ho , Ryoo Nam-Hee , Lee Jaehyeon , Park Jae Hyeon , Cho Sung Im , Kim Man Jin , Kim Young-gon , Kim Boram , Shin Ho Seob , Oh Hyeon Sae , Seo Myoung-Seock , Gwon Tae-Rin , Kim Yeonjae , Park Jun-Sun , Chin Bum Sik , Park Wan Beom , Park Sung Sup , Seong Moon-Woo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Positive results from real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) in recovered patients raise concern that patients who recover from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be at risk of reinfection. Currently, however, evidence that supports reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been reported.

Methods
We conducted whole-genome sequencing of the viral RNA from clinical specimens at the initial infection and at the positive retest from 6 patients who recovered from COVID-19 and retested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via rRT-PCR after recovery. A total of 13 viral RNAs from the patients’ respiratory specimens were consecutively obtained, which enabled us to characterize the difference in viral genomes between initial infection and positive retest.

Results
At the time of the positive retest, we were able to acquire a complete genome sequence from patient 1, a 21-year-old previously healthy woman. In this patient, through the phylogenetic analysis, we confirmed that the viral RNA of positive retest was clustered into a subgroup distinct from that of the initial infection, suggesting that there was a reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 with a subtype that was different from that of the primary strain. The spike protein D614G substitution that defines the clade “G” emerged in reinfection, while mutations that characterize the clade “V” (ie, nsp6 L37F and ORF3a G251V) were present at initial infection.

Conclusions
Reinfection with a genetically distinct SARS-CoV-2 strain may occur in an immunocompetent patient shortly after recovery from mild COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection may not confer immunity against a different SARS-CoV-2 strain.
RecipeDB: a resource for exploring recipes
Authors: Batra Devansh , Diwan Nirav , Upadhyay Utkarsh , Kalra Jushaan Singh , Sharma Tript , Sharma Aman Kumar , Khanna Dheeraj , Marwah Jaspreet Singh , Kalathil Srilakshmi , Singh Navjot , Tuwani Rudraksh , Bagler Ganesh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cooking is the act of turning nature into the culture, which has enabled the advent of the omnivorous human diet. The cultural wisdom of processing raw ingredients into delicious dishes is embodied in their cuisines. Recipes thus are the cultural capsules that encode elaborate cooking protocols for evoking sensory satiation as well as providing nourishment. As we stand on the verge of an epidemic of diet-linked disorders, it is eminently important to investigate the culinary correlates of recipes to probe their association with sensory responses as well as consequences for nutrition and health.
RecipeDB (https://cosylab.iiitd.edu.in/recipedb) is a structured compilation of recipes, ingredients and nutrition profiles interlinked with flavor profiles and health associations. The repertoire comprises of meticulous integration of 118 171 recipes from cuisines across the globe (6 continents, 26 geocultural regions and 74 countries), cooked using 268 processes (heat, cook, boil, simmer, bake, etc.), by blending over 20 262 diverse ingredients, which are further linked to their flavor molecules (FlavorDB), nutritional profiles (US Department of Agriculture) and empirical records of disease associations obtained from MEDLINE (DietRx). This resource is aimed at facilitating scientific explorations of the culinary space (recipe, ingredient, cooking processes/techniques, dietary styles, etc.) linked to taste (flavor profile) and health (nutrition and disease associations) attributes seeking for divergent applications.
Database URL: https://cosylab.iiitd.edu.in/recipedb
High-frequency global wavefields for local 3-D structures by wavefield injection and extrapolation
Authors: Pienkowska Marta , Monteiller Vadim , Nissen-Meyer Tarje 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYEarth structure is multiscale, and seismology remains the primary means of deciphering signatures from small structures over large distances. To enable this at the highest resolution, we present a flexible injection and extrapolation type hybrid framework that couples wavefields from a pre-computed global database of accurate Green’s functions for 1-D models with a local 3-D method of choice (e.g. a spectral element or a finite-difference solver). The interface allows to embed a full 3-D domain in a spherically symmetric Earth model, tackling large-scale wave propagation with focus on localized heterogeneous complex structures. Thanks to reasonable computational costs (10k CPU hours) and storage requirements (a few TB for 1 Hz waveforms) of databases of global Green’s functions, the method provides coupling of 3-D wavefields that can reach the highest observable body-wave frequencies in the 1–4 Hz range. The framework is highly flexible and adaptable; alterations in source properties (radiation patterns and source-time function), in the source–receiver geometry, and in local domain dimensions and location can be introduced without re-running the global simulation. The once-and-for-all database approach reduces the overall computational cost by a factor of 5000–100 000 relative to a full 3-D run, provided that the local domain is of the order of tens of wavelengths in size. In this paper, we present the details of the method and its implementation, show benchmarks with a 3-D spectral element solver, discuss its setup-dependent performance and explore possible wave-propagation applications.
On the relationship between palaeomagnetic secular variation and excursions—records from MIS 8–ODP Leg 172
Authors: Lund Steve , Acton Gary , Clement Brad , Okada Makoto , Keigwin Lloyd 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARY
Palaeomagnetic secular variation (PSV) and excursion data obtained across MIS 8 (243–300 ka) from the western North Atlantic Ocean ODP (Ocean Drilling Program) sites 1060–1063 show composite high-resolution PSV records (both directions and relative palaeointensity) developed for each site and intercompared. Two methods of chronostratigraphy allow us to date these records. First, we used published results that compared the calcium carbonate records of ODP Leg 172 sediments and tuned them with Milankovich cyclicity. We also compared our palaeointensity records with the PISO-1500 global palaeointensity record that was dated with oxygen isotope stratigraphy. We prefer the PISO-1500 record to date our cores. Two excursions are preserved in our PSV records—Excursions 8α and 9α. Our revised age estimates for both excursions are 8α (236.7–239.8 ka) and 9α (283.7–286.9 ka). We have compared shipboard measurements of the two excursions with u-channel measurements of selected excursion intervals. Excursion 8α is interpreted as a ‘Class II’ excursion (local reversal) with in-phase inclination and declination changes; Excursion 9α is a ‘Class I’ excursion with 90° out-of-phase inclination and declination changes. Averaged directions (after removal of true excursional directions) and relative palaeointensity in 3 and 9 ka overlapping intervals show significant PSV directional variability over 104 yr timescales that is regionally correlatable among the four sites. A notable pattern of angular dispersion variability involves most time spent with low (∼10°) dispersion, with three shorter intervals of high (∼25°) dispersion. The relative palaeointensity variability also shows significant variability over 104 yr timescales with three notable intervals of low palaeointensity in all four records and a direct correspondence between the three low-palaeointensity intervals and the three intervals of high angular dispersion. The two magnetic field excursions occur in two of the three low-palaeointensity/high-dispersion intervals. This suggests that the geomagnetic field operates in two states between reversals, one with regular to high palaeointensity and low directional variability and one with low palaeointensity and significantly higher directional variability and excursions.
Competing interests, clashing ideas and institutionalizing influence: insights into the political economy of malaria control from seven African countries
Authors: Parkhurst Justin , Ghilardi Ludovica , Webster Jayne , Snow Robert W , Lynch Caroline A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article explores how malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa is shaped in important ways by political and economic considerations within the contexts of aid-recipient nations and the global health community. Malaria control is often assumed to be a technically driven exercise: the remit of public health experts and epidemiologists who utilize available data to select the most effective package of activities given available resources. Yet research conducted with national and international stakeholders shows how the realities of malaria control decision-making are often more nuanced. Hegemonic ideas and interests of global actors, as well as the national and global institutional arrangements through which malaria control is funded and implemented, can all influence how national actors respond to malaria. Results from qualitative interviews in seven malaria-endemic countries indicate that malaria decision-making is constrained or directed by multiple competing objectives, including a need to balance overarching global goals with local realities, as well as a need for National Malaria Control Programmes to manage and coordinate a range of non-state stakeholders who may divide up regions and tasks within countries. Finally, beyond the influence that political and economic concerns have over programmatic decisions and action, our analysis further finds that malaria control efforts have institutionalized systems, structures and processes that may have implications for local capacity development.
A discontinuous least squares finite element method for time-harmonic Maxwell equations
Authors: Li Ruo , Liu Qicheng , Yang Fanyi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We propose and analyze a discontinuous least squares finite element method for solving the indefinite time-harmonic Maxwell equations. The scheme is based on the $L^2$ norm least squares functional with weak imposition of continuity across interior faces. We minimize the functional over the piecewise polynomial spaces to seek numerical solutions. The method is shown to be stable without any constraint on the mesh size. We prove the optimal convergence rate under the energy norm and sub-optimal convergence rate under the $L^2$ norm. Numerical results in two and three dimensions are presented to verify the error estimates.