bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol Ameliorates Atherosclerosis Induced by High-fat Diet and LPS in ApoE-/- Mice and Inhibits the Activation of CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Zhou Liyu , Long Jun , Sun Yuting , Chen Weikai , Qiu Runze , Yuan Dongping 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis (AS), which characterized with the accumulation of lipids on the vessel wall, is the pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and seriously threatens human health. Resveratrol (RES) has been reported to be benefit for AS treatment. This research aimed to observe the effects of RES on AS induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and LPS in ApoE-/- mice and investigate the underlying mechanism.Methods: ApoE-/- mice were fed with HFD companied with LPS to induce AS and RES was administrated for 20 weeks. Splenic CD4+ T cells were cultured and treated with anti-CD3/CD28 together with LPS, and RES was added. Serum lipids and the atherosclerotic areas of aortas were detected. The activation of CD4+ T cells were investigated both in vivo and in vitro and the expression of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt) in CD4+ T cells were measured. Results: In vivo, administration of RES prevented HFD and LPS induced dysfunction of serum lipids including TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglyceride), LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol) and HDL-C (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), ameliorated the thickened coronary artery wall and decreased the areas of atherosclerotic lesion on aortas. Besides, RES decreased the number of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood, decreased the expression of CD25 and CD44, but not affected the expression of L-selectin (CD62L). In vitro, RES decreased the expression of Ki67, CD25 and CD44 in CD4+ T cells. Moreover, RES increased the secretion of IL-2, IL-10 and TGF-β1, decreased IL-6. In addition, RES decreased both the mRNA and protein level of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b in CD4+ T cells.Conclusion: These results indicated that RES ameliorated AS induced by HFD companied with LPS in ApoE-/- mice, inhibited the proliferation and activation of CD4+ T cells and regulated the expression of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b.
Development, Validation and Regulatory Acceptance of Improved Purification and Simplified Quality Control of [13N] Ammonia
Authors: Yokell Daniel L , Rice Peter A , Neelamegam Ramesh , Fakhri Georges N El 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: [ 13 N]Ammonia is a cyclotron produced myocardial perfusion imaging agent. With the development of high-yielding [ 13 N]ammonia cyclotron targets using a solution of 5 mM ethanol in water, there was a need to develop and validate an automated purification and formulation system for [ 13 N]ammonia to be in a physiological compatible formulation of 0.9% sodium chloride since there is no widely available commercial system at this time. Due to its short half-life of 10 minutes, FDA and USP regulations allow [ 13 N]ammonia to be tested in quality control (QC) sub-batches with limited quality control testing performed on the sub-batches for patient use. The current EP and the original USP method for the determination of the radiochemical purity and identity of [ 13 N]ammonia depended on an HPLC method using a conductivity detector and a solvent free of other salts. This HPLC method created issues in a modern cGMP high volume PET manufacturing facility where the HPLC is used with salt containing mobile phase buffers for quality control analysis of other PET radiopharmaceuticals. Flushing of the HPLC system of residual salt buffers which may interfere with the [ 13 N]ammonia assay can take several hours of instrument time. Since there are no mass limits on [ 13 N]ammonia, a simplified TLC assay to determine radiochemical identity and purity could be developed to simplify and streamline QC. Results: We have developed and validated a streamlined automated synthesis for [ 13 N]ammonia which provides the drug product in 8mL of 0.9% sodium chloride for injection. A novel radio-TLC method was developed and validated to demonstrate feasibility to quantitate [ 13 N]ammonia and separate it from all known radiochemical impurities. Conclusions: The process for automated synthesis of [ 13 N]ammonia simplifies and automates the purification and formulation of [ 13 N]ammonia in a cGMP compliant manner needed for high-throughput manufacture of [ 13 N]ammonia. The novel radio-TLC method has simplified [ 13 N]ammonia quality control (QC) and now enables it to be tested using the same QC equipment as [18F]fludeoxyglucose (FDA/USP recognized name for 2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose). Both the streamlined automated synthesis of [ 13 N]ammonia and the novel radio-TLC method have been accepted and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the cGMP manufacture of [ 13 N]ammonia.
Patterns, Management and Outcomes of Traumatic Pelvic Fracture: Insights from A Multicenter Study
Authors: Abdelrahman Husham , El-Menyar Ayman , Keil Holger , Alhammoud Abduljabbar , Ghouri Syed Imran , Babikir Elhadi , Asim Mohammad , Muenzberg Matthias , Al-Thani Hassan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Traumatic pelvic fracture (TPF) is a significant injury results from high energy impact and has a high morbidity and mortality. Purpose: We aimed to describe the epidemiology, incidence, patterns, management, and outcomes of TPF in multinational level 1 trauma centers. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients with TPF between 2010 and 2016 at two trauma centers in Qatar and Germany. Results: A total of 2112 patients presented with traumatic pelvic injuries, of which 1814 (85.9%) sustained TPF, males dominated (76.5%) with a mean age of 41±21 years. In unstable pelvic fracture, the frequent mechanism of injury was motor vehicle crash (41%) followed by falls (35%) and pedestrian hit by vehicle (24%). Apart from both extremities, chest (37.3%) was the most commonly associated injured region. The mean injury severity score (ISS) of 16.5±13.3. Hemodynamic instability was observed in 44%. Blood transfusion was needed in one third while massive transfusion and intensive care admission were required in a tenth and a quarter of cases, respectively. Tile classification was possible in 1228 patients (type A in 60%, B in 30%, and C in 10%). Patients with type C fractures had higher rates of associated injuries, higher ISS , greater pelvis abbreviated injury score (AIS), massive transfusion protocol activation, prolonged hospital stay, complications, and mortality (p-value <0.001). Two-thirds of patients were managed conservatively while a third needed surgical fixation. The median length of hospital and intensive care stays were 15 and 5 days, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 4.7% (86 patients). Conclusion: TPF is a common injury among polytrauma patients. It needs a careful, systematic management approach to address the associated complexities and the polytrauma nature.
Bioinformatics profiling integrating a three immune-related long non-coding RNA signature as a prognostic model for clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Yuanbin , Gou Xin , Wei Zongjie , Tan Jianyu , Yu Haitao , Zhou Xiang , Li Xinyuan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common aggressive malignant tumors in urogenital system, and the clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal carcinoma. Immune related long non-coding RNAs (IRlncRs) plentiful in immune cells and immune microenvironment (IME) are potential in evaluating prognosis and assessing the effects of immunotherapy. A completed and meaningful IRlncRs analysis based on abundant ccRCC gene samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) will provide insight in this field. Methods: Based on the TCGA dataset, we integrated the expression profiles of IRlncRs and overall survival (OS) in the 611 ccRCC patients. The immune score of each sample was calculated based on the expression level of immune-related genes and used to identify the most meaningful IRlncRs. Survival-related IRlncRs (sIRlncRs) was estimated by calculating the algorithm of difference and COX regression analysis in ccRCC patients. Based on the median immune-related risk score (IRRS) developed from the screened sIRlncRs, the high-risk and low-risk components were distinguished. Functional annotation was detected by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and principal component analysis (PCA), and the immune composition and purity of the tumor was evaluated by microenvironment cell population records. The expression levels of three sIRlncRs were verified in various tissues and cell lines.Results: A total of 39 IRlncRs were collected by Pearson correlation analyses among immune score and the lncRNA expression. A total of 7 sIRlncRs were significantly associated with the clinical outcomes of ccRCC patients. Three sIRlncRs (ATP1A1-AS1, IL10RB-DT and MELTF-AS1) with the most significant prognostic values were enrolled to build the IRRS model in which the OS of in the high-risk group was shorter than that in the low-risk group. The IRRS was identified as an independent prognosis factor and correlated with the OS. The high-risk group and low-risk group illustrated different distributions in PCA and different immune status in GSEA. Besides, we found the more significant expression in certain ccRCC cell lines and tumor tissues of ccRCC patients compared with the HK-2 and adjacent tissues respectively. Additionally, the expression levels of lncR-MELTF-AS1 and IL10RB-DT were remarkably enhanced along the more advanced T-stages, but the lncR-ATP1A1-AS1 showed the inverse gradient.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate some sIRlncRs with remark clinical relevance show the latent monitoring and prognosis values for ccRCC patients and may provide new insight in immunological researches and treatment strategies of ccRCC patients.
Correlation between Fasting Blood Glucose Level at Admission and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhu Bin , Jiang Chunguo , Feng Xiaokai , Zheng Yanfei , Yang Jie , Wang Feng , Liu Shi , Xu Fenghua , Zhang Liming , Zhao Zhigang , Tang Ziren 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly, with a growing number of cases confirmed around the world. This study explores the relationship of fasting blood glucose (FBG) at admission with mortality. Methods In this retrospective, single-center study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wu Han from 29 January 2020 to 23 February 2020. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between FBG and mortality. Results A total of 107 patients were enrolled in our study. The average age was 59.49 ± 13.33 and the FBG at admission was 7.35 ± 3.13 mmol/L. There were 16 people died of COVID-19 with an average age 68.1 ± 9.5 and the FBG was 8.94 ± 4.76 mmol/L. Regression analysis showed that there were significant association between FBG and death (HR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.02-1.24). After adjusting for covariables, the significance still exists. In addition, our result showed that FBG > 7.0 mmol/L or diabetic mellitus can significantly increase mortality after adjusting for the age and gender. Conclusions This study suggests that FBG at admission is an effective and reliable indicator for disease prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
A glycolysis-based 4-mRNA signature correlates with the prognosis and cell cycle process in patients with bladder cancer
Authors: Zhang Chen , Gou Xin , He Weiyang , Yang Huaan , Yin Hubin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. However, traditional indicators have limited predictive effects on the clinical outcomes of bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a glycolysis-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer that have limited therapeutic options.Methods: mRNA expression profiling was obtained from patients with bladder cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to identify glycolytic gene sets that were significantly different between bladder cancer tissues and paired normal tissues. A prognosis-related gene signature was constructed by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to evaluate the signature. A nomogram combined with the gene signature and clinical parameters was constructed. Correlations between glycolysis-related gene signature and molecular characterization as well as cancer subtypes were analyzed. RT-qPCR was applied to analyze gene expression. Functional experiments were performed to determine the role of PKM2 in the proliferation of bladder cancer cells.Results: Using a Cox proportional regression model, we established that a 4-mRNA signature (NUP205, NUPL2, PFKFB1 and PKM) was significantly associated with prognosis in bladder cancer patients. Based on the signature, patients were split into high and low risk groups, with different prognostic outcomes. The gene signature was an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival. The ability of the 4-mRNA signature to make an accurate prognosis was tested in two other validation datasets. GSEA was performed to explore the 4-mRNA related canonical pathways and biological processes, such as the cell cycle, hypoxia, p53 pathway, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. A heatmap showing the correlation between risk score and cell cycle signature was generated. RT-qPCR revealed the genes that were differentially expressed between normal and cancer tissues. Experiments showed that PKM2 plays essential roles in cell proliferation and the cell cycle.Conclusion: The established 4‑mRNA signature may act as a promising model for generating accurate prognoses for patients with bladder cancer, but the specific biological mechanism needs further verification.
How quarantine and social distancing policy can suppress the outbreak of novel coronavirus in developing or under poverty level countries : a mathematical and statistical analysis.
Authors: Chowdhury Atiqur , Kabir K M Ariful , Tanimoto Jun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is a transmissible viral disease that has spread around the world rapidly and is currently a significant thread to developing and impoverished country by the World Bank and WHO’s prediction. Without inventing vaccination or the proper treatment, how we control the transmission of the COVID-19 is one of the most important questions with which peoples are facing right now . By the WHO’s guidelines, some policies termed as isolation, quarantine, lockdown, and social distancing would give a stunning direction to control the epidemic outbreak. Methods: In this paper, we developed a mathematical model named “Social distancing SEIQR model” to reduce the basic reproduction number R0 by combining both quarantine and social distancing parameters based on the real cases where medical equipment and other resources are limited. Results: Our modeling basic reproduction number R 0 is an almost accurate predictor threshold to assess the transmissibility of the COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Our modeling basic reproduction number R0 is an almost accurate predictor threshold to assess the transmissibility of the COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Our study result showed, our model fitted well with the numerically simulated results to the reported COVID-19 cases data for Bangladesh by a linear regression polynomial fit analysis. Conclusion: Our model will help to find strategies to reduce the human-to-human transmission of the virus and protect the nation when a country has limited medical resources.
Exploration of Associations Between Deliberate Self-Poisoning and Psychiatric Disorders in Rural Sri Lanka: A Case Control Study
Authors: Pushpakumara P. H. G. J. , Adikari A. M. P. , Rajapakse T. N. , Thennakoon S. U. B. , Abeysinghe Ranil , Dawson A. H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Psychiatric disorders are important predictors of self-harm behaviour. The present study was carried out to determine associations between DSM-IV TR Axis- I & II disorders and deliberate self poisoning (DSP) in a Sri Lankan rural agricultural district.Methods Patients who had attempted DSP, who resided within the district were selected randomly for the study. Both the cases and age, sex and residential area matched controls were assessed for DSM-IV TR Axis- I & II disorders based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I and II Disorders (SCID I & II) conducted by a specialist psychiatrist.Results Cases consisted of 207 (47.3%) males and 231 (52.7%) females. TR axis-I and/or TR axis-II psychiatric diagnoses was found in 89 (25.6%) of cases and 14 (3.2%) controls. Cases with a TR axis-I diagnosis were older (32 and 19 years), p < 0.0001. Having a depressive episode was associated with a 13 time higher risk for DSP. Being a male aged > = 30 years and having an alcohol use disorder carried a 21 time excess risk for DSP. A fivefold excess risk for DSP was found among 10–19 years old females with borderline personality traits.Conclusions Depressive disorder and alcohol related disorders were significantly associated with older participants who had attempted DSP. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among DSP in rural Sri Lanka is significantly lower than reported rates in western countries. Health and research priorities to reduce self-harm in Sri Lanka will also need to address non-psychiatric issues
Design and Experimental Investigation of a Novel Skip Cycle Mechanism
Authors: Günkan Fırat Mehmet , Baykara Cemal , Kutlar Osman Akın 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The main problem in near future is to increase the eciency of internal combustion engines, which is the most important cause of air pollution in cities and the reduction of exhaust emissions from these engines. When operating conditions are examined in passenger cars, which are the main users of internal combustion engines, it has been seen that high fuel consumption occurs in the partial load area. A new working method for internal combustion engines, skip cycle strategy, which were revealed by Kutlar in 1999 has similarities with the cylinder deactivation systems, but it also has advantages especially in the application to single cylinder engines. The skip cycle strategy is a method of reducing the power taken by the engine, in other words, reducing the pumping losses in the partial load area. In this work, the control process has been provided according to cycle conditions and depending on skip cycle system needs, besides the mechanical valve control. The created mechanism consists of two groups: lock system and control system. In this study, the kinematic analysis of the engine has been carried out and the loads acting on the system have been determined. Finally, mechanism has been manufactured and experiments have been carried out at di erent speeds according to the NS (Normal cycle-Skip cycle) method, which is one of the several skip cycle strategies.
Evaluation of Lumbar Stiffness after Long-Level Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis
Authors: Zhang Xinling , Yuan Lei , Zeng Yan , Chen Zhongqiang , Li Weishi , Sun Chuiguo , Zhong Woquan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Study Design: a retrospective study.Summary of Background Data: Long-level spinal instrumented fusion for DLS by intention eliminated spinal motion in an attempt to alleviate pain, improve deformity, and reduce disability. However, this surgery considerably impaired performance of activities of daily living (ADL) due to the resulting stiffness. The lumbar stiffness disability index (LSDI) was a validated measure of the effect of lumbar stiffness on functional activity, however, which might not be fully applicable to elderly Chinese population because of their several special lifestyles.Objective: To evaluate the lumbar stiffness in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) after long-level fusion by Chinese-LSDI (C-LSDI).Methods: 129 DLS patients underwent long-level (≧4 levels) fusion surgery with at least one-year follow-up were included. The C-LSDI was designed by modifying LSDI and Korean-LSDI (K-LSDI) considering elderly Chinese lifestyles, and the patient-reported outcome questionnaire measuring the impact of lumbar stiffness on functional abilities in elderly Chinese with DLS was assessed for internal consistency and retest repeatability.Results: All patients showed increased lumbar stiffness with significantly improvement in pain and deformity postoperatively, and for items of performing personal hygiene after toileting and getting out of a car, people performed more inconvenient with increasing fixed levels. Compared with LSDI and K-LSDI, the C-LSDI demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.902) and retest reliability (ICC=0.904) in the elderly Chinese population. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the C-LSDI questionnaire was a reliable and valid instrument for assessing functional limitations due to lumbar stiffness among elderly Chinese patients with DLS after long-level fusion. Although the effects of stiffness did trend toward greater impacts among patients underwent longer fusions, most patients were satisfied with trade-offs of function and pain relief in exchange for perceived increases in lumbar stiffness.
Investigation of the Effects of P1 on Hc-Pro-Mediated Gene Silencing Suppression Through Genetics and Omics Approaches
Authors: Hu Sin-Fen , Wei Wei-Lun , Hong Syuan-Fei , Fang Ru-Ying , Wu Hsin-Yi , Lin Pin-Chun , Sanobar Neda , Wang Hsin-Ping , Sulistio Margo , Wu Chun-Ta , Lo Hsiao-Feng , Lin Shih-Shun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Viral suppressor negatively controls posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) byinhibiting microRNA (miRNA) and short-interfering RNA (siRNA)regulation in plants. The first identified viral suppressor-P1/HC-Pro is afusion protein. Upon infecting plants, theP1 protein itself gets released from HC-Pro bythe self-cleaving activity of P1. P1 has an unknown function in enhancing HC-Pro-mediated PTGS suppression.We performed proteomics to identifyP1-interacting proteins and observedwhole gene correlationsin P1/HC-Pro-mediated PTGS suppression through transcriptomic studied comparative networks.Results: First, we demonstrated that P1 enhances HC-Pro function and that the mechanism might workthrough the P1 binding to VERNALIZATION INDEPENDENCE 3/ SUPERKILLER8 (VIP3/SKI8),a subunit of the exosome, to interferewith the 5'-fragment of the PTGS-cleaved RNA degradation product.Second,specifically the AGO1 wasposttranslationaldegraded in transgenic Arabidopsis expressing P1/HC-Pro of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) (P1/HCTu plant).Third, transcriptomic comparative networkshighlighted critical genes inPTGS, including miRNA targets,calcium signaling, hormone (JA, ET, and ABA) signaling, and defense response.Conclusion: Through thesetransgenic and omics approaches, we revealed an overall perspective and new findings in our understandingof the mechanism of P1/HC-Pro-mediated PTGS suppression. Many of the criticalgenes that weresignificantlyimpacted in the omics profiles will be further investigated by CRISPR-knockoutor gain-of-function to understand PTGS in plant better.