bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Organic Transformations of Transition‐Metal Nanoparticles as Propitious Catalysts: A Review
Authors: Ganesh Madhu , Ramakrishna Jayashree 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNanotechnology has produced compelling evidences in the field of catalysis, construction, electronics, energy, food, imaging, medical, packaging, pharmaceutical sectors and in water treatment. Nanoparticles of transition metal origin are enticing in catalytic applications due to their low‐lying empty orbitals for bonding and can offer a distinct ability to expand the coordination sphere. This coupled with ease of synthesis, recyclability and occurrence in abundance staples them as unique industrial materials. Transition metals such as Gold, Palladium, Silver, Copper, Iron, Ruthenium, Rhodium and hetero‐bimetallic versions have been in demand for various organic transformations. The sharp rise in number of literature reports justifies the stand in catalytic property. A unique ability to form Covalent and/or Van der Waals interactions with solid supports and activate the substrates through close functional group interactions renders them as effective entities in organic transformations. In this review, we present the new developments in this niche in the past five years with a retreat on the mechanistic aspects along with parameters involved in nanoparticle characterizations through advances in spectroscopy.
Blood neuro‐exosomal synaptic proteins predict Alzheimer's disease at the asymptomatic stage
Authors: Jia Longfei , Zhu Min , Kong Chaojun , Pang Yana , Zhang Heng , Qiu Qiongqiong , Wei Cuibai , Tang Yi , Wang Qi , Li Ying , Li Tingting , Li Fangyu , Wang Qigeng , Li Yan , Wei Yiping , Jia Jianping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionExosomes are an emerging candidate for biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated whether exosomal synaptic proteins can predict AD at the asymptomatic stage.MethodsWe conducted a two‐stage‐sectional study (discovery stage: AD, 28; amnestic mild cognitive impairment [aMCI], 25; controls, 29; validation stage: AD, 73; aMCI, 71; controls, 72), a study including preclinical AD (160) and controls (160), and a confirmation study in familial AD (mutation carriers: 59; non‐mutation carriers: 62).ResultsThe concentrations of growth associated protein 43 (GAP43), neurogranin, synaptosome associated protein 25 (SNAP25), and synaptotagmin 1 were lower in AD than in controls (P < .001). Exosomal biomarker levels were correlated with those in cerebrospinal fluid (R2 = 0.54–0.70). The combination of exosomal biomarkers detected AD 5 to 7 years before cognitive impairment (area under the curve = 0.87–0.89).DiscussionThis study revealed that exosomal GAP43, neurogranin, SNAP25, and synaptotagmin 1 act as effective biomarkers for prediction of AD 5 to 7 years before cognitive impairment.
Direct and Selective Synthesis of Adipic and Other Dicarboxylic Acids by Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Yang Ji , Liu Jiawang , Ge Yao , Huang Weiheng , Neumann Helfried , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA general and direct synthesis of dicarboxylic acids including industrially important adipic acid by palladium‐catalyzed dicarbonylation of allylic alcohol is reported. Specifically, the combination of PdCl2 and a bisphosphine ligand (HeMaRaphos) promotes two different carbonylation reactions with high activity and excellent selectivity.
Biosynthesis of Quercetin Palmitate Esters and Evaluation of their Physico‐Chemical Properties and Stability
Authors: Saik Amy Yi Hsan , Lim Yau Yan , Stanslas Johnson , Choo Wee Sim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuercetin was acylated with palmitic acid, catalyzed by either Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL‐B) or Pseudomonas cepacia lipase C (PCL‐C) to produce quercetin palmitate esters. The effects of various operating factors including incubation temperature, reaction duration, and molar ratio of substrates on the bioconversion yield, initial rate of reaction, and regioselectivity of the reactions were investigated. Three new esters were identified: quercetin 4′‐palmitate (C31H40O8, 540 g mol−1), quercetin 3′,4′‐dipalmitate (C47H70O9, 778 g mol−1), and quercetin 7,3′,4′‐tripalmitate (C63H100O10, 1016 g mol−1). The effects of incubation temperature, reaction duration, and molar ratio of substrates on bioconversion yields varied across the conditions. However, the highest bioconversion yield of 27.72 ± 1.64% was obtained with PCL‐C, at day 7, incubation temperature of 60 °C, quercetin:palmitic acid molar ratio of 1:20. The initial rate of reaction was significantly higher with PCL‐C. However, regioselectivity was similar for both PCL‐C‐ and CAL‐B‐catalyzed reactions with acylation occurred successively at 4´‐OH, 3´‐OH, and 7‐OH. Thin‐layer chromatography analysis showed that the three quercetin palmitate esters possessed enhanced lipophilicity (134% higher than quercetin). Besides, in silico investigation showed that quercetin 4′‐palmitate had a higher partition coefficient (log P) value than the parent compounds, indicating improved solubility. During gastrointestinal tract simulation, quercetin palmitate esters were recovered in the range of 71.03% to 79.36% after digestion, which were significantly higher than quercetin at 40.43 ± 8.71%. Quercetin 4′‐palmitate was also found stable over 28 days of storage. Due to improved lipophilicity, solubility, and stability, quercetin 4′‐palmitate has the potential to be used in topical applications.
Turning a Drug Target into a Drug Candidate: A New Paradigm for Neurological Drug Discovery?
Authors: Buckingham Steven D. , Mann Harry‐Jack , Hearnden Olivia K. , Sattelle David B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe conventional paradigm for developing new treatments for disease mainly involves either the discovery of new drug targets, or finding new, improved drugs for old targets. However, an ion channel found only in invertebrates offers the potential of a completely new paradigm in which an established drug target can be re‐engineered to serve as a new candidate therapeutic agent. The L‐glutamate‐gated chloride channels (GluCls) of invertebrates are absent from vertebrate genomes, offering the opportunity to introduce this exogenous, inhibitory, L‐glutamate receptor into vertebrate neuronal circuits either as a tool with which to study neural networks, or a candidate therapy. Epileptic seizures can involve L‐glutamate‐induced hyper‐excitation and toxicity. Variant GluCls, with their inhibitory responses to L‐glutamate, when engineered into human neurons, might counter the excitotoxic effects of excess L‐glutamate. In reviewing recent studies on model organisms, it appears that this approach might offer a new paradigm for the development of candidate therapeutics for epilepsy.
Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Thermostable β‐Amino Acid Transaminase from a Meiothermus Strain Isolated in an Icelandic Hot Spring
Authors: Ferrandi Erica E. , Bassanini Ivan , Sechi Barbara , Vanoni Marta , Tessaro Davide , Guðbergsdóttir Sóley Ruth , Riva Sergio , Peng Xu , Monti Daniela 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA Meiothermus strain capable of using β‐phenylalanine for growth is isolated by culture enrichment of samples collected in hot environments and the genome is sequenced showing the presence of 22 putative transaminase (TA) sequences. On the basis of phylogenetic and sequence analysis, a TA termed Ms‐TA2 is selected for further studies. The enzyme is successfully produced in Escherichia coli Rosetta(DE3) cells, with 70 mg of pure protein obtained from 1 L culture after purification by affinity chromatography. Ms‐TA2 shows high activity toward (S)‐β‐phenylalanine and other (S)‐β‐amino acids, as well as a preference for α‐ketoglutarate and aromatic aldehydes as amino acceptors. Moreover, Ms‐TA2 is shown to be a thermostable enzyme by maintaining about 60% of the starting activity after 3 h incubation at 50 °C and showing a melting temperature of about 73 °C. Finally, a homology‐based structural model of Ms‐TA2 is built and key active site interactions for substrate and cofactor binding are analyzed.
Online/at‐line measurement, analysis and control of product titer and critical product quality attributes (CQAs) during process development
Authors: Chemmalil Letha , Prabhakar Tanushree , Kuang June , West Jay , Tan Zhijun , Ehamparanathan Vivekh , Song Yuanli , Xu Jianlin , Ding Julia , Li Zhengjian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProcess analytical technology (PAT) has been defined by the Food and Drug Administration as a system for designing, analyzing, and controlling manufacturing through timely measurements to ensure final product quality. Based on quality‐by‐design (QbD) principles, real‐time or near‐real‐time data monitoring is essential for timely control of critical quality attributes (CQAs) to keep the process in a state of control. To facilitate next‐generation continuous bioprocessing, deployment of PAT tools for real‐time monitoring is integral for process understanding and control. Real‐time monitoring and control of CQAs are essential to keep the process within the design space and align with the guiding principles of QbD. The contents of this manuscript are pertinent to the online/at‐line monitoring of upstream titer and downstream product quality with timely process control. We demonstrated that an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system interfaced with a UPLC‐process sample manager (UPLC‐PSM) can be utilized to measure titer and CQAs directly from bioreactors and downstream unit operations, respectively. We established online titer measurements from fed‐batch and perfusion‐based alternating tangential flow bioreactors as well as product quality assessments of downstream operations for real‐time peak collection. This integrated, fully automated system for online data monitoring with feedback control is designed to achieve desired product quality.
Board interlocks and greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Lu Jing , Yu Dongning , Mahmoudian Fereshteh , Nazari Jamal A. , Herremans Irene M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing resource dependence theory, we analyze board interlocks, their industry origin, and their relationship to firms' greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Interlocks create connections by having board members from one firm sit on other firms' boards, providing an avenue for sharing information and resources to aid in knowledge transfer and capability development. As firms face challenges for improved GHG emissions performance, they may look to their board members' connections to other firms to acquire needed resources. Using a sample of US Standard & Poor's (S&P) 1500 firms for years 2009 to 2018, we find that firms with a greater number of board interlocks achieve lower GHG emissions intensity. We also find that boards for the best performing companies have interlocks in the same industry, in other industries, and with firms leading in GHG emissions intensity, especially for firms in higher environmentally impacting industries, as they face greater emissions challenges.
How others respond to non‐suicidal self‐injury disclosure: A systematic review
Authors: Park Yeonsoo , Mahdy Jasmine C. , Ammerman Brooke A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNon‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is an increasing health concern. Despite the potential benefits of disclosing the behaviour, many decide not to do so because of the fear of negative social reactions. In this review, we examined the existing research on reported and perceived reactions to NSSI disclosure with the aim of identifying how an individual who discloses their NSSI perceives others' responses to this disclosure, with the ultimate goal of understanding how these reactions may impact those who disclose their NSSI. Among the initial 275 studies, 10 fit the inclusion criteria. Three studies reported perceived responses by individuals who had disclosed their NSSI; six studies examined self‐reported responses by others; one study focused on disclosures online. Individuals who disclosed their NSSI often received negative responses, which caused them to withdraw from seeking further help. On the other hand, recipients' reactions to NSSI disclosure varied based on NSSI characteristics such as its perceived cause and/or underlying motivation. Results highlight the importance of providing support rather than searching for the underlying drives of NSSI.
Competency‐based education in undergraduate clinical prosthodontics: A paradigm shift in training
Authors: Alkhodary Mohamed A. , Farah Ra'fat I. , Ghobashy Atef I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionCompetency‐based education (CBE) is thought to improve the quality of dental graduates than traditional education (TE). This study compared the students' final scores in clinical training of prosthodontics using CBE versus TE.Materials and MethodsThis study enrolled 459 fourth‐ and fifth‐year undergraduate students. Of the participants, 231 students (143 males and 88 females) attended TE and 228 (128 males and 100 females) attended CBE. This study considered the final scores that the students achieved for their competency cases and compared it with the scores achieved during the TE process. Statistical analysis of results used the Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric numbers.ResultsThe mean score of the clinical examination for all students in clinical prosthodontics courses was 81.4 (maximum and minimum scores: 95.0 and 41.3, respectively). The mean scores in the traditional and competency‐based education groups were 79.9 ± 6.48 and 82.9 ± 6.87, respectively. Scores in the competency education group (mean rank = 265.08) were statistically significantly higher than in the conventional education group (mean rank = 195.38) with U = 18,336, z = −5.631, and p < .001.ConclusionsThe application of CBE allowed the students to achieve higher scores in prosthodontics than the TE.
An Enzyme Containing the Conserved Domain of Unknown Function DUF62 Acts as a Stereoselective (Rs,Sc)‐S‐Adenosylmethionine Hydrolase
Authors: Kornfuehrer Taylor , Romanowski Sean , de Crécy‐Lagard Valérie , Hanson Andrew D. , Eustáquio Alessandra S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHomochirality is a signature of biological systems. The essential and ubiquitous cofactor S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) is synthesized in cells from adenosine triphosphate and l‐methionine to yield exclusively the (S,S)‐SAM diastereomer. (S,S)‐SAM plays a crucial role as the primary methyl donor in transmethylation reactions important to the development and homeostasis of all organisms from bacteria to humans. However, (S,S)‐SAM slowly racemizes at the sulfonium center to yield the inactive (R,S)‐SAM, which can inhibit methyltransferases. Control of SAM homochirality has been shown to involve homocysteine S‐methyltransferases in plants, insects, worms, yeast, and in ∼18 % of bacteria. Herein, we show that a recombinant protein containing a domain of unknown function (DUF62) from the actinomycete bacterium Salinispora tropica functions as a stereoselective (R,S)‐SAM hydrolase (adenosine‐forming). DUF62 proteins are encoded in the genomes of 21 % of bacteria and 42 % of archaea and potentially represent a novel mechanism to remediate SAM damage.
Management of calcified coronary artery bifurcation lesions
Authors: Patel Nileshkumar J. , Okamoto Naotaka , Murphy Jonathan , Vengrenyuk Yuliya , Sharma Samin K. , Kini Annapoorna S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCalcified coronary artery bifurcation lesions (CBL) remain a challenge for the interventional cardiologist. Evidence regarding treatment of CBL is minimal. Optimal plaque modification is the most important step prior to stent deployment. Provisional stenting is the preferred strategy for most bifurcation lesions. However, two‐stent strategy should be considered for BL with compromised large SB (>2.5 mm) supplying a large territory, >70% SB stenosis and lesions more than 5 mm long. In this contemporary review article, we present a simplified approach to treating CBL and demonstrate the approach to specific case examples using our newly developed mobile application, BifurcAID.
Dramatic motor recovery following recanalization in bilateral pontine infarct with restricted diffusion
Authors: Mahajan Arnav , Komonchan Surasak , Na Songkhla Krida , Boontaworn Anchulee , Nosai Supalak 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOn findings of restricted diffusion in a bilateral pontine infarct, imaging solely may not predict a poor clinical outcome as a full motor recovery is possible. Hence, recanalization of an acutely occluded basilar artery should be carefully considered on a case by case basis.
Covalent Organic Frameworks for Next‐Generation Batteries
Authors: Chen Xiudong , Sun Weiwei , Wang Yong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe demand for energy storage is increasing with the development of an electronic society. A key to improving the electrochemical performance of advanced batteries is to develop advanced electrode materials. Currently, electrode studies mainly focus on the development of materials with a high energy density and high power density by regulating the morphological structure, but most of the electrodes are inorganic materials, which may bring serious problems, such as high recycling costs and environmental pollution. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) that are environmentally friendly and possess adjustable structures have become a series of promising organic electrode materials for rechargeable advanced batteries and have attracted great attention in recent years. Precisely customized COFs can be achieved by adjusting the pore size and pore configuration and introducing functional groups into the framework through pre‐synthesis and post‐synthesis strategies, and these methods provide the possibility of obtaining high‐performance organic electrode materials. In this review, the latest research progress and perspective on using COFs as electrode materials for next‐generation batteries, including sodium‐ion batteries, potassium‐ion batteries, lithium‐sulfur batteries, lithium‐metal batteries, zinc‐ion batteries, magnesium‐ion batteries, and aluminum‐ion batteries, are summarized. The relative energy‐storage mechanism, advantages and challenges of COF electrodes, as well as the corresponding strategies used to achieve better electrochemical performances, are also presented.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Process simulation
Authors: De Tommaso Jacopo , Rossi Francesco , Moradi Nooshin , Pirola Carlo , Patience Gregory S. , Galli Federico 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProcess simulation software designs equipment, simulates operations, optimizes a plant's configuration (heat exchangers network, for example), estimates operating and capital expenses, and serves as an educational tool. However, mastering the theoretical background minimizes common mistakes such as applying an incorrect thermodynamic method, selecting improper algorithms in the case of tear systems, and setting irrational system specifications. Engineers and researchers will exploit this tool more often in the future as constant advancements in simulation science as well as new models are released continually. Process simulators make it easier to build digital twins and thus will facilitate the implementation of the industry 4.0 guidelines. We highlight the mathematical and technical features of process simulators, as well as the capabilities and the fields of application. A bibliometric map of keywords from articles citing Aspen+, Aspen plus, Hysys, and Pro/II indexed by Web of Science between 2017 and 2020 identified the main research clusters, such as design, optimization, energy or exergy, biomass; H2 and CO2 capture, thermodynamics; and separations and techno‐economic analysis.
Synthesis of Self‐Ordered Tantalum‐Niobium Mixed Oxide Nanotubes and Their Use for Clean Hydrogen Production
Authors: Ahmed Nashaat , Hafez Ahmed M. , Salama Mohamed , Allam Nageh K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report on the first fabrication of vertically‐oriented tantalum‐niobium mixed oxide nanotube arrays (Ta−Nb−O NTs) via one‐step anodization of Ta−Nb alloy sheet in NH4F‐containing electrolytes. The synthesized Ta−Nb−O NTs were fully characterized via X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared nanotubes have an average diameter of ∼35 nm with a wall thickness ∼15 nm and a length ∼1.0 μm. The photoactivity of the fabricated Ta−Nb−O NTs was tested toward the photocatalytic hydrogen production, revealing a steady rate with no indication of activity poisoning. The amount of hydrogen produced can be as high as 150 μL/cm2 after 5 h of illumination, which is much higher than that reported for most metal oxides. Therefore, the demonstrated platform of Ta−Nb−O nanotube arrays holds promise for a variety of solar energy applications.
Whale optimization algorithm based on nonlinear convergence factor and chaotic inertial weight
Authors: Ding Hangqi , Wu Zhiyong , Zhao Luchen 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is a new biological meta‐heuristic algorithm based on the social hunting behaviors of humpback whales. However, it can easily fall into a local optimum when solving complex problems and exhibits slow convergence speed and poor exploration. This study proposed three improved versions of the WOA based on the concepts of chaos initialization, nonlinear convergence factor, and chaotic inertial weight to enhance its exploration abilities. These properties were employed to improve the population diversity and maintain the balance between exploration and exploitation. The performance of the best version was compared with those of moth‐flame optimization, firefly algorithm, particle swarm optimization, gray wolf optimizer, flower pollination algorithm, original WOA, and two recently proposed hybrid WOA through 19 benchmark functions. Experimental results indicated that the proposed algorithms exhibit better performance in terms of complexity and convergence speed.
Corporate social responsibility intensity, management earnings forecast accuracy, and investor trust: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Suto Megumi , Takehara Hitoshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study examines whether and how corporate social responsibility (CSR) intensity affects investment performance directly, as a signal of investor trust, and indirectly, by impacting management earnings forecasts accuracy. We find that investors benefit from high CSR firms as they avoid unexpected stock volatility while paying the cost of CSR by lowering returns. The results suggest that CSR intensity stabilizes stock returns for high CSR firms in the long run and moderates management disclosure bias in the short run. Our findings imply that CSR activities based on stakeholder relationships would help signal firm‐level trust and restrain myopic investment in the capital market. Stakeholder engagement in order to build investor trust is not only essential for corporate sustainability and long‐term success but also a key determinant in well‐functioning capital markets with unstable public trust in business and finance.