bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of electronic irradiation on the affection of barley by root rot
Authors: Loy N N , Sanzharova N I , Gulina S N , Vorobiyov M S , Koval N N , Doroshkevich S Yu , Chizh T V , Suslova O V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper displays the results of the study of the effect of pre-sowing irradiation of spring barley of the Vladimir variety with a low-energy electron beam in a wide dose range from 1 to 8 kGy and a dose rate of 500 Gy/imp on seed infestation by root rot and sowing qualities. It has been shown that the development of the disease depends on both the radiation dose and the post-radiation period (PP). The most effective was the effect of irradiation on Helminthosporium sativum (synonymous with Drechslera teres) at PP of 4 days: there was observed a reduction in the damage degree by 33–48% and the disease incidence – by 29–46% at doses of 4–8 kGy. At the PP of 7 and 11 days, the irradiation of seeds with doses of 3–5 kGy reduces the degree of damage to the seedlings by Helminthosporium sativum by 30–37% and 28–41%, respectively. With an increase in PP up to 14 days, a decrease in the damage degree of seedlings by root rot by 33% was observed only at an irradiation dose of 4 kGy, which indicates a reduction in the efficiency of irradiation with increasing PP. The prevalence of the disease decreased at PP of 4 days by 28–46% (doses of 4-8 kGy), at PP of 7 days – by 30–37% (doses of 2–6 kGy), at PP of 11 days – by 26–48% (doses 3, 4 and 7 kGy) and PP 14 days – by 33% at a dose of 4 kGy. It has been established that electron irradiation stimulates laboratory germination of seeds at PP of 7 days by 22–25% at doses of 1, 2, 4 and 5 kGy and, on the contrary, reduces it by 19–24% at PP of 4 days and doses of 3, 5 and 8 kGy. At doses higher than 4 kGy, irradiation inhibits sprout length by 12–39%, roots – by 9–15%, and also at doses of 2–8 kGy, it reduces the wet weight of seedlings by 10–50%. Thus, it was shown that pre-sowing electron irradiation of spring barley of the Vladimir variety reduces the resistance of Helminthosporium sativum and can be used to combat the pathogenic microflora of the grain.
Comparison of ions mass-spectra and terahertz radiation from low-inductive vacuum sparks with laser initiation
Authors: Melekhov A P , Ananin O B , Vovchenko E D , Komaretsky V V , Ramakoti R S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The relationship between the parameters of the ion component of vacuum spark plasma with a laser initiation and the power of the studied plasma terahertz radiation was experimentally investigated. For this purpose, ion fluence was studied using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a magnetic analyzer. Analysis of the ion mass spectra suggested a non-linear power-law dependence of the terahertz radiation power on the electron concentration in the spark plasma. The experimental results are compared with the results of studying the generation of terahertz radiation in beam-plasma experiments.
X-ray microanalysis of silumin subjected to intense pulsed electron beam treatment
Authors: Petrikova E A , Teresov A D , Tolkachov O S , Ivanov Yu F , Petrikova E A , Teresov A D , Tolkachov O S , Ivanov Yu F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Comparative studies of the distribution of alloying and impurity chemical elements in a cast aluminum and after irradiation with an intense pulsed electron beam have been carried out using X-ray microanalysis methods. It is shown that electron-beam processing of silumin is accompanied by the formation of a submicro – nanocrystalline structure of high-speed cellular crystallization. It was established that the substructure of the cells depends on the distance from the irradiation surface. In the layer near the surface, nanoscale globular particles are present in the cell volume; in the subsurface layer, the formation of cells of the plate-like eutectic of the Al-Si alloy was revealed.
Microdiffraction analysis of structure of silumin’s high-velocity cellular crystallization
Authors: Petrikova E A , Teresov A D , Rygina M E , Tolkachev O S , Ivanov Yu F , Gromov V E , Zagulyaev D V , Konovalov S V , Semin A P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The submicro-nanocrystalline multiphase structure of high-velocity cellular crystallization has been formed in the surface layer of AK10M2N silumin by the irradiation with the intense pulsed electron beam. According to the morphological features the crystallization cells are divided into two types. The cells of the first type are formed by the alternating plates of silicon and aluminium of nanodimensional transverse sizes by the eutectic reaction. The cells of the second type are formed by the solid solution based on aluminium and contain the nanodimensional particles of the second phase. The cells of the first and the second type are separated by the interlayers of the second phase containing the silicon particles, aluminides and copper silicides. The obtained results enable to recommend the irradiation of silumin by the intense pulsed electron beam as the method resulting in the multiple dispersion of the structure facilitating the increase in wear resistance of the material.
Obtaining nano-disperse soot from orthoxylene by the high-voltage AC plasma torch
Authors: Popov S D , Subbotin D I , Popov V E , Surov A V , Lizander V V , Charykov N A , Nakonechny Gh V , Serba E O , Obraztsov N V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the synthesis of fullerene-containing soot using high-voltage AC plasma torch. The plasma torch consists of three electric arc channels with three graphite rod electrodes. Orthoxylene vapors are fed into the arc zone of the plasma torch, and argon is used as a protective gas. In the plasma torch orthoxylene decomposes under the action of an electric arc. The prodused soot contains 5.4% C60 fullerene and 1.6% C70 fullerene.
Antibacterial potential of Zn- and Cu-substituted hydroxyapatite-based coatings deposited by RF-magnetron sputtering
Authors: Prosolov K A , Belyavskaya O A , Bolat-ool A A , Khlusov I A , Nikolaeva O A , Prosolov A B , Mitrichenko D V , Komkov A R , Sharkeev Yu P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The market of medical devices demanding new products for treatment of bone fractures. The demand is growing due to aging population and increased physical activity in senior people. We introduce newly developed implants – intramedullary fixators made from a set of biocompatible alloys including commercially pure titanium, Ti-6Al-7Nb and magnesium-based alloy. Surface of these implants is modified by Zn- or Cu-substituted hydroxyapatites coatings deposited by RF magnetron sputtering in order to diminish the risk of post-operative infection. The amorphous layers were deposited on the surface of biocompatible substrates for all deposition runs. Post-deposition annealing in air at the temperature of 700°C allowed us to crystallize coating in a way that the main hydroxyapatite peaks are well defined and lattice parameters calculated proving Zn2+ and Cu2+ substitution. The bacteriostatic effect of the coatings against the pathogenic strain 209P of Staphylococcus aureus was shown in vitro independent on the material of the metallic substrate
Ion nitriding effect on the structure and mechanical properties of R6M5 high-speed steel after SPD
Authors: Ramazanov K N , Khusainov Yu G , Khayretdinov E F , Esipov R S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper studies the effect of ion nitriding in a glow discharge on the structure and mechanical properties of R6M5 steel obtained by the method of traditional hot thermomechanical treatment and subsequent severe plastic deformation (SPD). It is found out that the surface microhardness of material increases significantly (~ 1.7 times) as a result of ionic nitriding after SPD and for the sample without SPD an increase is twice as much times in the line region of carbide-nitride inclusions. It is proved that the microhardness distribution over the diffusion zone depth in the sample after the SPD is smoother, and the thickness of the diffusion layer exceeds almost 2 times.
Low energy implantation of nitrogen ions by extended beam with a ballistic focusing in a stainless steel
Authors: Ryabchikov A I , Akhmadeev Yu H , Lopatin I V , Krysina O V , Sivin D O , Korneva O S , Ananin P S , Dektyarev S V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The results of experiments on low-energy nitrogen ions implantation in stainless steel AISI 321 are presented. The treatment was carried out with a pulsed beam of nitrogen ions obtained using a ballistic system of ion focusing. The source of ions was nitrogen plasma of a non-independent gas arc discharge with a heated cathode. It was shown that the specimen surface is subjected to ion etching, which leads to the formation of a well, whose profile depends on the ionic exposure parameters. In addition, when treating specimen in such a system, the surface hardness increases up to 4 times. The increase in hardness occurs due to the formation of a modified layer in the surface, with a thickness of up to 50 microns, containing iron and chromium nitrides.
Synthesis and processing of powder materials in DC arc thermal plasma
Authors: Samokhin A V , Alekseev N V , Astashov A G , Kirpichev D E , Fadeev A A , Sinaiskiy M A , Tsvetkov Yu V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The results of work on the implementation of plasma synthesis and spheroidization of powders of metals and their compounds in a thermal plasma generated in a direct current arc plasma torch are presented. The possibility of controlling the properties of the obtained powders is demonstrated.
Optimizing the process of plasma dynamic synthesis for increasing the yield and purity of ε-Fe2O3 phase
Authors: Shanenkov I , Sivkov A , Ivashutenko A , Gukov M , Han W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Various crystalline modifications of iron oxide are widely used in different fields of science and technology, however, a special attention has recently been paid to the synthesis of the epsilon phase ε-Fe2O3. The existing problems connected with the synthesis and production of this phase in the form of a dispersed powdered product significantly limit the possibilities of its application and studying the properties. In this regard, the search and development of high-performance method for the synthesis of the ε-Fe2O3 phase is an urgent task. In this paper, the possibility of optimizing the well-known method of plasma dynamic synthesis for obtaining products with a high content of the ε-Fe2O3 phase was studied. The influence of the power supply pulse duration on the energy parameters of the synthesis process and the characteristics of the powdered products were studied in detail. It was established that an increase in the pulse duration due to the introduction of an additional inductance into the discharge circuit while simultaneously maintaining the magnitude of the arc discharge current at a level of 120 kA allows obtaining a product with the epsilon phase content of ~ 65 wt.%.
Physical and technical processes for preparing silicate melts and silicate-melt products using low-temperature plasma
Authors: Shekhovtsov V V , Volokitin O G , Skripnikova N K , Volokitin G G , Vlasov V A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the experimental results of fabricating refractory oxide- and silicate-based microspheres of various density. In highly-concentrated thermal plasma with the specific bulk enthalpy ranging between 24131–35739 kJ·kg−1, three types of microspheres can be formed, namely: dense microspheres with gas inclusions in the surface layer, hollow microspheres and vitrified agglomerates. The obtained experimental data are in good agreement with the calculated dependence between the wall thickness of a microsphere and the porosity of the agglomerated powder.
Calculation of heat regimes for a Ni-Al surface alloy formed on a carbon steel substrate with a low-energy high-current electron beam
Authors: Shepel’ D A , Markov A B , Yakovlev E V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the present work, the calculations of heat regimes for a Ni-Al surface alloy formed on a carbon steel substrate using a low-energy high-current electron beam (LEHCEB) were carried out for two types of multilayered systems with different numbers and thicknesses of the layers. The multilayered system of type 1 was three layered system Ni (0.5 µm)-Al (1.52 µm)-Ni (0.5 µm). The multilayered system of type 2 consists of 10 layers of Ni (0.1 µm each) alternating with 9 layers of Al (0.167 µm each). The total thickness of coating deposited in both cases was 2.5 µm. The melting thresholds for Ni, Al and carbon steel during LEHCEB irradiation were determined by the calculation. The phase diagrams obtained in calculation showed that process of melting occurs similarly for both types of multilayered systems. The calculation demonstrated that the melt thickness on the surface after irradiation by LEHCEB with optimal parameters is about 3 µm, and the average lifetime of the melt is ~ 1 µs (Ni-layers), and ~ 10 µs (Al-layers).
QUINTA equipment for ion-plasma modification of materials and products surface and vacuum arc plasma-assisted deposition of coatings
Authors: Shugurov V V , Koval N N , Krysina O V , Prokopenko N A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the detailed description of QUINTA experimental equipment for ion-plasma modification of materials and products surface and vacuum arc plasma-assisted deposition of coatings, which was developed at the laboratory of plasma emission electronics of the Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS. It is in the list of unique electrophysical setups of the Russian Federation (UNICUUM). In the paper there is the example of the use of QUINTA setup, it is the vacuum arc plasma-assisted deposition of wear-resistant ZrN-based coatings. The mechanical characteristics of the coatings, the elemental and phase composition are presented.
Deposition of cubic tungsten carbide coating on metal substrates at sputtering of electric discharge plasma
Authors: Sivkov A , Shanenkov I , Ivashutenko A , Nikitin D , Shanenkova Y , Rahmatullin I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hexagonal modifications of tungsten carbide are widely used in various metalworking products and tools. However, the cubic tungsten carbide phase is still poorly understood due to significant difficulties in its synthesis, both in the form of powdered products, and in bulk form. This leads to the impossibility of conducting direct studies of its physical and mechanical properties. This paper shows the opportunity to obtain bulk coatings with a thickness of up to 70 μm, mainly consisting of cubic tungsten carbide using the plasma-dynamic method. The coating formation occurs when spraying the electric discharge tungsten-carbon containing plasma on a metal substrate made of a titanium and aluminum alloy due to the high rate of sputtering and crystallization. This allows synthesizing a stable coating adherent to the substrate based on cubic tungsten carbide with a purity of its yield of at least 85 wt.%.
Influence study of the plasma dynamic method energy parameters on the phase composition of the Al-Mg-O system products
Authors: Sivkov A A , Ivashutenko A S , Rakhmatullin I A , Shanenkova Yu L , Tsimmerman A I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article shows the possibility of obtaining aluminum-magnesium-oxygen system materials by plasma dynamic synthesis. The results of the influence study of the coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator input energy on the phase composition of the plasma dynamic synthesis product are presented. X-ray structural analysis showed the possibility of obtaining nanostructured material with the content of the phases of gamma aluminum oxide and some spinels of different stoichiometry. It was found that with increasing the value of the accelerator input energy, the total percentage of the spinel phases decreases from 12 to 7%. The results of transmission electron microscopy confirmed the absence of the spinel phase MgAl2O4 in the product of plasma dynamic synthesis obtained at a higher value of the input energy.
Possibility of obtaining TiO2 material by plasma dynamic method into an air atmosphere
Authors: Sivkov A A , Ivashutenko A S , Rakhmatullin I A , Shanenkova Yu L , Vympina Yu N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper shows the possibility to synthesize directly the titanium dioxide in a supersonic jet of an electric discharge erosive plasma. Using the X-ray diffractometry it is shown that the obtained product contains two main crystalline phases: anatase and rutile with tetragonal syngony. The size of the coherent scattering region is less 100 nm.
Application of spark plasma sintering for consolidation study of β-sialon ceramics
Authors: Smirnov K L , Grigoryev E G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Investigated were the spark plasma sintering (SPS) of β-sialon ceramics according two different schemes: the simple sintering of pure β-Si5AlON7 powder and the reactive sintering of mixture of α-Si3N4 and β-Si2Al4O4N4 powders. The high-density homogenous structure of simple sintered β-Si5AlON7 ceramics was achieved at maximum temperature of isothermal holding Tmax
= 1550 °C by using submicron raw powder. While ceramics from coarse raw powder had porous structure and was subjected to thermal decomposition at Tmax
≥ 1750 °C. Three specific temperature intervals were revealed for the reactive sintering. At Tmax
≤ 1650 °C, the shrinkage rate attained the values sufficient for densification near to a theoretical density, without any changes in the size/morphology of starting particles and without transformation of starting α-Si3N4 into β-sialon. At Tmax
= 1700–1750 °C, starting α-Si3N4 was found to undergo transformation into β-sialon but without marked changes in the size/morphology of starting particles. At Tmax
≥ 1750 °C, the sintered ceramics exhibited a marked growth in the size and change in the shape of sintered particles.
Plasmochemical synthesis fullerenes C60 and C70 at atmospheric pressure and the effect of fullerenes on hydration of Portland cement
Authors: Smirnyagina N N , Tsyrenov B O , Dasheev D E , Semenov A P , Urkhanova L A , Lkhasaranov S A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of modification cement composites by carbon nano modifier which contains fullerenes C60 and C70. Carbon nanomodifier obtained in high-frequency arc discharge at atmospheric pressure. There are fullerenes C60 and C70, carbon nanotubes in composition of carbon nanomodifier. Carbon nanomodifier improves physical and mechanical properties with small amounts of additives. Cement hydration, and phase composition change with the use of carbon nanomodifier that allows obtaining a composite with improved properties.
Structural features of the magnetron sputtered CuO/GDC anodes for solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Solovyev A A , Ionov I V , Semenov V A , Shipilova A V , Rabotkin S V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the research of structure of a thin film CuO/Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (CuO/GDC) anode for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) prepared by magnetron sputtering. Cu-based anode materials of SOFCs are of great interest because they exhibit greater tolerance to sulfur-containing fuels than the widely used Ni-based composite anodes. After deposition, annealing in air and reducing atmospheres, the composition, microstructure and crystallinity of the films were characterized using energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry, respectively. The as-deposited film consists of cubic fluorite structures of GDC and Cu2O and has a dense, homogeneous structure, in which Cu is evenly distributed over the volume of the film. However, it was shown that, strong Cu segregation is observed in CuO/GDC films, after reduction in hydrogen at a temperature of 750 °C, with the formation of massive agglomerates on the surface. The influence of pre-calcination of the as-deposited films at 1000 °C and 1200 °C on their structure was studied. It is shown that annealing at a temperature of 1000 °C does not prevent the agglomeration of Cu in a reducing atmosphere, while Cu evaporation is observed if annealing temperature is 1200 °C.
Surface temperature measurements of TiCuN-A7 system during pulsed electron-beam treatment
Authors: Teresov A D , Krysina O V , Moskvin P V , Ivanov Yu F , Akhmadeev Yu H , Lopatin I V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper deals with surface temperature measurements of the TiCuN-A7 system during the pulsed submillisecond e-beam treatment. The variable parameters include beam energy density, pulse duration, and coating thickness. The authors determine the temperature dependences, maximum temperature values, as well as the heating and cooling rates of the surface treated with a pulsed electron beam. They establish the optimal conditions for electron-beam treatment of the TiCuN-A7 system.
The influence of architectural coatings based on intermetallics, carbides, oxides and nitrides of the Ti-Al system on their physico-mechanical properties
Authors: Vardanyan E L , Ramazanov K N , Nazarov A Yu , Nagimov R Sh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The results of the study of the thickness influence of the layers are considered, as well as the architecture of composite coatings of the physico-mechanical properties of coatings based on the Ti-Al intermetallic system. The results of the thickness influence of the layers on the coatings properties are discussed. It has been established that in coatings of the Ti-Al system (N, O, C) under decrease in the thickness of the applied layers, an increase in the microhardness occurs due to a decrease in grain sizes, the growth of which is blocked by the application of a new coating layer.
Designing of equipment for the synthesis of coatings from nitrides and carbides of intermetallic Ti-Al systems by condensation of plasma flows generated with vacuum arc
Authors: Vardanyan E L , Ramazanov K N , Kireev R M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The quality characteristics of Ti-TiN multilayer vacuum ion-plasma coatings are studied, among which are as follows: roughness and adhesive strength. It is shown that additional ion bombardment contributes to obtaining high-quality coatings. Ion bombardment has a significant impact on the state of metal surface layer. In the process of ion bombardment, the conditions for formation of active adsorption centers as well as formation of a fine-grained structure, nanoscale grains and layers are created.
Model calculation of the stoichiometric composition of three-component vacuum ion plasma coatings
Authors: Vardanyan E L , Ramazanov K N , Nazarov A Yu , Nagimov R Sh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Development and creation of intermetallic materials and nanostructured, amorphous materials, coatings with high physicochemical properties and technologies for their production are priority strategic directions for the development of materials and technologies. A mathematical model has been developed that makes it possible to determine the stoichiometric composition of the Ti-Al-O, Ti-Al-C, Ti-Al-N coatings under given treatment conditions. On the basis of the model, a software was created that allows calculating the ionic saturation current for each of the cathodes and the flow of metal ions per unit area per unit time at an arbitrary point of the vacuum chamber. Using the software product, it is possible to determine the stoichiometric composition of the Ti-Al-O, Ti-Al-C, Ti-Al-N system coatings, depending on the technological modes of their deposition from the vacuum-arc plasma.
Analysis and rationale for the use of coating microhardness as a controlled parameter
Authors: Yagafarov I I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article is concerned with the possibility to use coating microhardness as a parameter of standardization. The TiN coatings were deposited by vacuum arc plasma. A series of experiments was carried out to establish the patterns for the microhardness to change, subject to specific deposition regimes. The article presents the conditions for coating microhardness to be taken as a parameter of standardization. It provides the microhardness ranges necessary to monitor the quality of coatings.