bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of leptin and adiponectin with incident type 2 diabetes and interactions among African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Bidulescu Aurelian , Dinh Paul C. , Sarwary Shabir , Forsyth Emily , Luetke Maya C. , King David B. , Liu Jiankang , Davis Sharon K. , Correa Adolfo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background:
Growing evidence suggests that leptin is critical for glycemic control. Impaired leptin signaling may also contribute to low adiponectin expression in obese individuals. We assessed the association of leptin and adiponectin with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), their interactions with sex and obesity status, and mediation by insulin resistance.
Methods:
We included study participants from the Jackson Heart Study, a prospective cohort of adult African Americans in Jackson, Mississippi, that were free of T2D at the baseline Exam 1. Incident T2D was defined as new cases at Exam 2 or Exam 3. We created separate Cox regression models (hazard ratios per log-transformed ng/mL of leptin and adiponectin) with and without insulin resistance, HOMA-IR. Mediation by insulin resistance was analyzed. Several interactions were assessed, including by sex, HbA1c, and obesity.
Results:
Among our 3,363 participants (mean age 53 years, 63% women), 584 developed incident T2D. Leptin was directly associated with incident T2D when modeled without HOMA-IR (HR=1.29, 95% CI=1.05-1.58). This direct association between leptin and T2D was significant among men (HR=1.33, 95% CI=1.05-1.69), but nonsignificant among women (HR=1.24, 95% CI=0.94-1.64); statistical interaction with sex was nonsignificant (p=0.65). The associations in all participants and in men were nullified by HOMA-IR (HR=0.99, 95% CI=0.80-1.22; HR=1.00, 95% CI=0.78-1.28, respectively), indicating mediation through insulin resistance (proportion mediated: 1.04), and were not observed in abdominally obese participants. Adiponectin was inversely associated with T2D even after adjustment for HOMA-IR in women (HR=0.68, 95% CI=0.55-0.84), but not in men (HR=0.80, 95% CI=0.62-1.04). The inverse association was present only among abdominally obese participants, and persisted after adjustment for HOMA-IR.
Conclusions:
Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study the association of leptin with incident type 2 diabetes was explained by HOMA-IR. The association of leptin and incident T2D was mediated by insulin resistance and present only among abdominally non-obese. Differences by sex appeared: men showed a significant association mediated by insulin resistance. Among abdominally obese participants, adiponectin was inversely associated with incident T2D even after adjustment for HOMA-IR.
Concentrations of 137Cs radiocaesium in the organs and tissues of low-dose-exposed wild Japanese monkeys
Authors: Omi Toshinori , Nakiri Sachie , Nakanishi Setsuko , Ishii Naomi , Uno Taiki , Konno Fumiharu , Inagaki Takeshi , Sakamoto Atsushi , Shito Masayuki , Udagawa Chihiro , Tada Naomi , Ochiai Kazuhiko , Kato Takuya , Kawamoto Yoshi , Tsuchida Shuichi , Hayama Shin-ichi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Following the massive earthquake that struck eastern Japan on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released into the environment from the damaged reactor of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). After the FDNPP accident, radiocaesium was first detected in muscle samples from wild Japanese monkeys exposed to radioactive materials, and haematologic effects, changes in head size, and delayed body weight gain were also reported, but little is known about the distribution of 137 Cs in the organs and tissues of wild Japanese monkeys.
Results
We detected the 137 Cs in various organ and tissue samples of 10 wild Japanese monkeys inhabiting the forested areas of Fukushima City that were captured between July and August 2012.Among muscle, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen, muscle exhibited the highest and the brain the lowest 137 Cs concentration. The concentration (mean±SD) of 137 Cs in muscle, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen was 77 ± 66, 26 ± 22, 41 ± 35, 49 ± 41, 41 ± 38, 53 ± 41, and 53 ± 51 Bq/kg, respectively.These results can help us understand the biological effects of long-term internal radiation exposure in non-human primates.
Physiological evidence that three known mutations in the para-sodium channel gene confer cypermethrin knockdown resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus
Authors: Cossío-Bayúgar Raquel , Miranda-Miranda Estefan , Ibañez Francisco Martínez , Padilla Verónica Narváez , Reynaud Enrique 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Acaricide resistance is a central problem for the control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Genetic changes that confer resistance get fixed in the population, however, the physiological effects and phenotypes of these mutations are not always well understood or characterized. SNPs in the para-sodium channel gene that confer cypermethrin knockdown resistance (kdr) were identified in several arthropods, and homologous mutations have been reported in R. microplus populations. To our knowledge, R. microplus populations that have these homologous SNPs have been associated and correlated with pyrethroid resistance but there is no direct physiological evidence that their presence does confer kdr in this organism. Methods: Resistance profiles from resistant and susceptible strains used in this work were obtained using the larval packet discriminating dose assay. The relevant genomic regions of the para-sodium channel of these strains were amplified using standard PCR; SNPs were detected by sequencing the corresponding amplicons. Ovary response to cypermethrin was evaluated using videometrical analysis.Results: In this work we present historical evidence that the pyrethroid resistance trait is stable in a resistant reference strain after many years without selection, thus suggesting that the primary resistance mechanism is caused by mutations fixed in the population. In our experimental system, ovary contraction resistance to pyrethroids is likely to be mediated by a change in the structure of the presynaptic para-sodium channel. We found that the resistant strain has the G184C, the C190A and the T2134A mutations in the para-sodium channel gene. SNPs G184C and T2134A have been reported to be genetically linked in resistant populations and are always found together. These mutations were confirmed to be absent in the susceptible strain used as control. Finally, using videometric analysis, we demonstrate that cypermethrin blocks ovary contraction from cypermethrin-susceptible ticks. We also show that ovaries from populations that carry the kdr associated SNPs still contract at cypermethrin concentrations that completely block susceptible ovary contraction. The configuration of the experimental system excludes a xenobiotic detoxification mechanism. Conclusions: This is the first report that presents physiological evidence that the G184C, the C190A, and the T2134A mutations in the para-sodium channel have a phenotype in R. microplus. These results confirm that these SNPs confer cypermethrin resistance in this organism by avoiding presynaptic blockage that in turn cause flaccid muscle paralysis that is characteristic of this acaricide. This work also demonstrates that the videometric assay that we previously validated can be used to rapidly detect kdr-like cypermethrin resistant tick strains.
Effects of toner-handling work on respiratory function, chest X-ray findings, and biomarkers of inflammation, allergy, and oxidative stress: a prospective Japanese cohort study from 2003 to 2013
Authors: Terunuma Niina , Ikegami Kazunori , Kitamura Hiroko , Ando Hajime , Kurosaki Shizuka , Masuda Masashi , Kochi Takeshi , Yanagi Nobuaki , Fujino Yoshihisa , Ogami Akira , Higashi Toshiaki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Exposure to toner, a substance used in photocopiers and printers, has been associated with siderosilicosis and other adverse effects. However, these findings are limited, and there is insufficient evidence on the long-term effects of toner exposure. Using longitudinal analysis, this study aimed to examine the effects of work involving toner exposure on the respiratory system over time.Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in a Japanese toner and copier manufacturing enterprise between 2003 and 2013. The cohort included a total of 1468 workers, which comprised 887 toner-handling workers and 581 non-toner-handling workers. We subdivided the toner-handling workers into two groups according to the toner exposure concentration, based on the baseline survey in 2003. We compared the chest X-ray results, respiratory function indicators, and serum and urinary biomarkers of inflammation, allergy, and oxidative stress among three groups: high-concentration toner exposure group, low-concentration toner exposure group, and non-toner-handling group. To consider the effects of individual differences on longitudinal data, we used a linear mixed model.Results: The chest X-ray results and most of the biomarkers and respiratory function indicators were similar for the non-toner-handling and toner-handling groups. There were no significant yearly changes in the percentage of vital capacity (%VC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in the high-concentration toner exposure group, while there was a significant yearly increase in %VC and PEFR in the low-concentration toner exposure group and non-toner-handling group. Regarding interleukin-8, we did not observe a significant yearly change in the toner-handling group but observed a significant yearly increase of 0.1 pg/ml in the non-toner-handling group.Conclusions: Toner-handling work was not associated with the deterioration of respiratory function and an increase in biomarker values for inflammation, allergy, and oxidative stress. This finding suggests that toner-handling work is irrelevant to the onset of respiratory disease and has minimal adverse effects on the respiratory system under the well-managed work environment.
Clinical Features and Prognosis of Gas-forming and Non-gas-forming Pyogenic Liver Abscess: A Comparative Study
Authors: Zhang Jia , Gao Yi , Du Zhaoqing , Ren Yifan , Bi Jianbin , Wu Zheng , Lv Yi , Wu Rongqian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background

Gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess (GFPLA) accounts for up to 30% of all pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) cases. However, little is known of the differences in clinical features and prognosis between GFPLA and non-GFPLA.

Aim

This retrospective study compared the clinical features and prognosis of GFPLA and non-GFPLA.

Methods

Data of 392 patients with PLA treated from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016 were reviewed. GFPLA was defined as gas in the abscess. Liver abscesses were considered non- GFPLA (n = 326) or GFPLA (n = 66). The clinical features and outcomes of patients with GFPLA were compared relative to that of patients without GFPLA.

Results

The groups were similar in gender ratio, age, smoking, drinking, and coexistences. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common pathogenic bacteria, but the negative rate of bacterial culture of the non-GFPLA group was significantly higher than that of the GFPLA, and the GFPLA group had a significantly higher rate of previous abdominal surgery, especially hepatobiliary surgery. Compared with the non-GFPLA group, the percentage of the GFPLA group with antibiotics combined with percutaneous drainage was significantly higher, while the percentages given antibiotics alone and antibiotics combined with surgical drainage were significantly lower. GFPLA patients had significantly higher rates of sepsis and pleural effusion, and longer hospital stays than did non-GFPLA patients. No patient died during hospitalization.

Conclusions

GFPLA is associated with past abdominal surgery, especially hepatobiliary surgery. Patients with a history of abdominal surgery should be monitored more closely in the early stage of the PLA. GFPLA has high rates of sepsis and long hospitalization. It needs to be recognized as a distinct clinical entity.
Physical Work and Exercise Reduce the Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Rural Older Adults: A Population-based Longitudinal Study
Authors: He Fan , Lin Junfen , Li Fudong , Zhai Yujia , Zhang Tao , Gu Xue , Zhao Genming 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The effect of physical work on the risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults living in rural areas remains to be elucidated. We investigated whether physical work and exercise can reduce the risk of cognitive impairment. Methods: We collected data from 7,000 individuals without cognitive impairment (age ≥60 years) over a follow-up period of 2 years. The Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess cognitive function, and the multivariable Cox regression model was used to identify associations between physical work/exercise and cognitive impairment. Results: Over a median follow-up period of 1.93 years, 1,224 (17.5%) of 7,000 participants developed cognitive impairment, with a total incidence of 97.69 per 1,000 person-years. Participation in physical work (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.78) or exercise (HR: 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62-0.93) was associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment. Agricultural work (HR: 0.60; 95% CI, 0.49-0.73) and walking/tai chi (HR: 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60-0.93) exerted significant protective effects against cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Physical work and exercise can reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults. Reasonable types and appropriate intensities of physical activity are recommended to prevent or delay the progression of cognitive impairment.
Suicidality Among Young Adolescents in Secondary Schools in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheung Teris , Fong Daniel Y. T. , Fan Susan , Fong Tommy K.H. , Yip Paul 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background:Despite concerted effort in suicide research and prevention across countries, youth suicide remains a significant public health concern in Hong Kong and nationwide. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of suicidality among secondary school students in Hong Kong. Methods:Data were derived from the 2016 Youth Sexuality Survey initiated by the Family Planning Association of Hong Kong using a stratified random sample of 3,672 secondary school students aged 12 to 18 years in Hong Kong. Suicidality was measured in four progressive levels (suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, suicidal attempts and suicidal attempts requiring medical attention). Multivariable cumulative logit model analysis was used to identify significant risk factors of suicidality.Results:Female students reported more suicidality than their male counterparts (28.0% versus 17.0%, respectively). Multivariable cumulative logit model analysis showed that female gender, age, unhappy school life, disharmony with classmates, unhappy family life, living with mother, acceptance of mothers’ discipline, not sleeping for more than 9 hours on weekdays, alcohol consumption, non-suicidal self-injury, and dissatisfaction with life were significantly associated with suicidality. Limitations:Due to cross-sectional design, causality between suicidality, individual psychosocial and psychological characteristics cannot be established.Conclusions:Suicidal behaviour among Chinese young adolescents remains prevalent in Hong Kong. Family disintegration, school-related problems, and life satisfaction are significant predictors of suicidal behaviour in this study. There is a pressing need to restore optimal mental health among youth adolescents via interdisciplinary collaboration among schools, healthcare providers, stakeholders and mental health experts. The involvement of stakeholders in the community in suicide research and prevention is pivotal in mental health promotion for young adolescents.
The Healthy Eating Plate advice for Migraine prevention: an interventional study
Authors: Altamura Claudia , Cecchi Gianluca , Bravo Maria , Laudisio Alice , Caprio Paola Di , Brunelli Nicoletta , Botti Giorgia , Paolucci Matteo , Khazrai Yeganeh Manon , Vernieri Fabrizio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background: migraine is a chronic neurological disorder with a high social impact. Several diets have been proposed to help managing migraine, with different outcomes. We aimed at evaluating the effect of education on the Healthy Eating Plate on migraine frequency and disability.Methods: 240 consecutive people with migraine (18 – 72-year old, 84.5% female) were screened for participation in this interventional study. Migraine was diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders. At three times of observation (screening = T-12, 12 weeks before the intervention; baseline = T0, time of educational intervention; and follow-up = T12, after 12 weeks from baseline) the enrolled people affected by migraine underwent anthropometric measurement, dietary patterns assessment, and migraine frequency and related disability evaluation (MIDAS, MIDAS A, MIDAS B). At T0 all enrolled people were educated about the Healthy Eating Plate by a nutritionist. The Healthy Eating Plate score was created to assess adherence to the dietary advice.Results; 204 people with migraine were enrolled in the study, of these 119 people were still eligible at T0 while 97 people completed the evaluations at T12. From T0 to T12 we observed a reduction in body mass index and in monthly migraine days in the three months before the last evaluation (MIDAS A). People presenting a reduction of at least 30% in monthly migraine days were classified as responders. Responders significantly presented a reduction in red and processed meats and carb intake compared with non-responders. In addition, the Healthy Eating Plate scores were significantly higher in responders compared to non-responders, while no difference was observed for body mass index. The modification in carb consumption was also related to the variation in perceived disability (MIDAS score, ρ = 0.372 with p <0.0001) and in headache pain intensity (MIDAS B, ρ = 0.220, p=0.033). Binary logistic regression confirmed the main effect of the Healthy Eating Plate score increase and total carb decrease on the responder state.Conclusions This longitudinal study showed that adherence to the healthy eating plate advice, particularly the indication to reduce carb and red and processed meat consumption, is useful in migraine management, reducing monthly migraine days and disability.Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN14092914. Registered 14 February 2020 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14092914
Breadth of concomitant immune responses underpinning viral clearance and patient recovery in a non-severe case of COVID-19
Authors: Thevarajan Irani , Nguyen Thi HO , Koutsakos Marios , Druce Julian , Caly Leon , de Sandt Carolien E van , Jia Xiaoxiao , Nicholson Suellen , Catton Mike , Cowie Benjamin , Tong Steven YC , Lewin Sharon R , Kedzierska Katherine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report the kinetics of the immune response in relation to clinical and virological features of a patient with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) requiring hospitalisation. Increased antibody-secreting cells, follicular T-helper cells, activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and IgM/IgG SARS-CoV-2-binding antibodies were detected in blood, prior to symptomatic recovery. These immunological changes persisted for at least 7 days following full resolution of symptoms, indicating substantial anti-viral immunity in this non-severe COVID-19.Authors Irani Thevarajan and Thi HO Nguyen contributed equally to this work.
Next generation sequencing of RB1gene for the molecular diagnosis of ethnic minority with retinoblastoma in Yunnan
Authors: Gu Huaiyu , Zhang Zhen , Xiao Yi-shuang , Shen Ru , Jiang Hong-chao , Tang Li , Li Ren-qu , Yang Xiao-hong , Gu Huai-yu , He Wen-Ji , Ma Jing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Retinoblastoma is a rare intraocular malignancy and typically initiated by inactivating biallelic mutations of RB1 gene. Each year, ~8,000 children worldwide are diagnosed for retinoblastoma. In high-income countries, patient survival is over 95% while low-income countries is ~30%.If disease is diagnosed early and treated in centers specializing in retinoblastoma, the survival might exceed 95% and many eyes could be safely treated and support a lifetime of good vision. In China, approximate 1,100 newly diagnosed cases are expected annually and 28 hospitals covering 25 provinces established centers classified by expertise and resources for better treatment options and follow-up. Comparing with other province of eastern China, Yunnan province is remote geographically. This might result that healthcare staff have low awareness of the role of genetic testing in management and screening in families.Methods: The patients with retinoblastoma were selected in Yunnan. DNA from blood was used for targeted gene sequencing. Then, an in-house bioinformatics pipeline was done to detect both single nucleotide variants and small insertions/deletions. The pathogenic mutations were identified and further confirmed by conventional methods and cosegregation in families.Results: Using our approach, targeted next generation sequencing was used to detect the mutation of these 12 probands. Bioinformatic predictions showed that nine mutations were found in our study and four were novel pathogenic variants in these nine mutations.Conclusions: It’s the first report to describe RB1 mutations in Yunnan children with retinoblastoma. This study would improve role of genetic testing for management and family screening.
Respiratory, birth and health economic measures for use with Indigenous Australian infants in a research trial: A modified Delphi with an Indigenous panel
Authors: Perkes Sarah Jane , Bonevski Billie , Mattes Joerg , Hall Kerry , Gould Gillian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: There is significant disparity between the respiratory health of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian infants. There is no culturally accepted measure to collect respiratory health outcomes in Indigenous infants. The aim of this study was to gain end user and expert consensus on the most relevant and acceptable respiratory and birth measures for Indigenous infants at birth, between birth and 6 months, and at 6 months of age follow-up for use in a research trial. Methods: A three round modified Delphi process was conducted from February 2018 to April 2019. Eight Indigenous panel members, and 18 Indigenous women participated. Items reached consensus if 7/8 (≥80 %) panel members indicated the item was ‘very essential’. Qualitative responses by Indigenous women and the panel were used to modify the 6 months of age surveys. Results: In total, 15 items for birth, 48 items from 1 to 6 months, and five potential questionnaires for use at 6 months of age were considered. Of those, 15 measures for birth were accepted, i.e., gestational age, birth weight, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admissions, length, head circumference, sex, Apgar score, substance use, cord blood gas values, labour, birth type, health of the mother, number people living in the home, education of mother and place of residence. Seventeen measures from 1-to 6 months of age were accepted, i.e., acute respiratory symptoms (7), general health items (2), health care utilisation (6), exposure to tobacco smoke (1) and breastfeeding status (1). Three questionnaires for use at 6 months of age were accepted, i.e., a shortened 33-item respiratory questionnaire, a clinical history survey and a developmental questionnaire. Conclusions: In a modified Delphi process with an Indigenous panel, measures and items were proposed for use to assess respiratory, birth and health economic outcomes in Indigenous Australian infants between birth and 6 months of age. This initial step can be used to develop a set of relevant and acceptable measures to report respiratory illness and birth outcomes in community based Indigenous infants.