bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Straight to the people
Authors: Kayam Orly 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResearch has shown that Donald Trump’s rhetorical style on Twitter differs significantly during the time he was a citizen, a presidential candidate and a president (Ott and Dickinson 2019). The aim of the current study is to characterize his rhetorical style on Twitter during the 2016 presidential race, in light of its potential to influence future campaigns in the U.S. and outside, and its implications on political and public discourse. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of Trump’s Twitter habits, using statistical analyses and a content analysis of all tweets posted on Trump’s Twitter account from the date he announced his presidential candidacy until he won the election. Analysing the results using framing theory reveals Trump’s main campaigning strategies on Twitter:(a) negative campaigning against his rivals and the establishment; (b) bypassing the traditional media; and (c) self-promotion. Trump used his Twitter far less frequently to express his vision or future plans.
Compliment responses in Icelandic
Authors: Gonzalez Rodriguez Milton Fernando 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Compliment responses are speech acts assumed to mirror cultural appropriateness. In this sense, a review of
responses to compliments offers cues about the ways in which speakers react to dialogic strategies of politeness. In order to
examine how Icelanders react to compliments, an Elicitation Experiment (EE) was designed to evoke natural responses. It consisted
in asking a group of 81 Icelandic informants (46 female, 35 male) to read tongue-twisters in Dutch and Spanish during a set of
interviews. Informants were complimented based on their performance and their responses were recorded. Based on 162 exchange
tokens, it is possible to conclude that not agreeing to compliments is the most common way of reacting to compliments in
Iceland.
Determinant formula for the field form factor in the anyonic Lieb–Liniger model
Authors: Piroli Lorenzo , Scopa Stefano , Calabrese Pasquale 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We derive an exact formula for the field form factor in the anyonic Lieb–Liniger model, valid for arbitrary values of the interaction c, anyonic parameter κ, and number of particles N. Analogously to the bosonic case, the form factor is expressed in terms of the determinant of an N × N matrix, whose elements are rational functions of the Bethe quasimomenta but explicitly depend on κ. The formula is efficient to evaluate, and provide an essential ingredient for several numerical and analytical calculations. Its derivation consists of three steps. First, we show that the anyonic form factor is equal to the bosonic one between two special off-shell Bethe states, in the standard Lieb–Liniger model. Second, we characterize its analytic properties and provide a set of conditions that uniquely specify it. Finally, we show that our determinant formula satisfies these conditions.
Perspectives on the development of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ho Mitchell 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 gains entry to human cells through its spike (S) protein binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Therefore, the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the S protein is the primary target for neutralizing antibodies. Selection of broad-neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV is attractive and might be useful for treating not only COVID-19 but also future SARS-related CoV infections. Broad-neutralizing antibodies, such as 47D11, S309, and VHH-72, have been reported to target a conserved region in the RBD of the S1 subunit. The S2 subunit required for viral membrane fusion might be another target. Due to their small size and high stability, single-domain antibodies might have the ability to be administered by an inhaler making them potentially attractive therapeutics for respiratory infections. A cocktail strategy combining two (or more) antibodies that recognize different parts of the viral surface that interact with human cells might be the most effective.
Keynes, Kuhn and the sociology of knowledge: a comment on Pernecky and Wojick
Authors: Thomas Rod 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Mark Pernecky and Paul Wojick use T.S. Kuhn’s philosophy of science to diagnose The problematic nature and consequences of the effort to force Keynes into the conceptual cul-de-sac of Walrasian economics. But their diagnosis is itself problematical in nature and consequence. It assumes the virtues of a pre-Kuhnian philosophy of knowledge that the Kuhnian meta-framework overtly discards. One way to eliminate the inconsistency is to recognise that Kuhn’s philosophy of science and sociology of knowledge function to immunise theories from criticism. Anyone who wishes to embrace a sociologically more critical philosophy ought to consider instead the philosophical attitude of critical rationalism.
Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor family-related protein (GITR) drives atherosclerosis in mice and is associated with an unstable plaque phenotype and cerebrovascular events in humans
Authors: Shami Annelie , Atzler Dorothee , Bosmans Laura A , Winkels Holger , Meiler Svenja , Lacy Michael , van Tiel Claudia , Ta Megens Remco , Nitz Katrin , Baardman Jeroen , Kusters Pascal , Seijkens Tom , Buerger Christina , Janjic Aleksandar , Riccardi Carlo , Edsfeldt Andreas , Monaco Claudia , Daemen Mat , de Winther Menno P J , Nilsson Jan , Weber Christian , Gerdes Norbert , Gonçalves Isabel , Lutgens Esther 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
GITR—a co-stimulatory immune checkpoint protein—is known for both its activating and regulating effects on T-cells. As atherosclerosis bears features of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, we investigated the relevance of GITR in cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods and results
GITR expression was elevated in carotid endarterectomy specimens obtained from patients with cerebrovascular events (n = 100) compared to asymptomatic patients (n = 93) and correlated with parameters of plaque vulnerability, including plaque macrophage, lipid and glycophorin A content, and levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and C-C-chemokine ligand 2. Soluble GITR levels were elevated in plasma from subjects with CVD compared to healthy controls. Plaque area in 28-week-old Gitr−/−Apoe−/− mice was reduced, and plaques had a favourable phenotype with less macrophages, a smaller necrotic core and a thicker fibrous cap. GITR deficiency did not affect the lymphoid population. RNA sequencing of Gitr−/−Apoe−/− and Apoe−/− monocytes and macrophages revealed altered pathways of cell migration, activation, and mitochondrial function. Indeed, Gitr−/−Apoe−/− monocytes displayed decreased integrin levels, reduced recruitment to endothelium, and produced less reactive oxygen species. Likewise, GITR-deficient macrophages produced less cytokines and had a reduced migratory capacity.

Conclusion
Our data reveal a novel role for the immune checkpoint GITR in driving myeloid cell recruitment and activation in atherosclerosis, thereby inducing plaque growth and vulnerability. In humans, elevated GITR expression in carotid plaques is associated with a vulnerable plaque phenotype and adverse cerebrovascular events. GITR has the potential to become a novel therapeutic target in atherosclerosis as it reduces myeloid cell recruitment to the arterial wall and impedes atherosclerosis progression.
Level and Change in N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Kidney Function and Survival to Age 90
Authors: Häberle Astrid D , Biggs Mary L , Cushman Mary , Psaty Bruce M , Newman Anne B , Shlipak Michael G , Gottdiener John , Wu Chenkai , Gardin Julius M , Bansal Nisha , Odden Michelle C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Many traditional cardiovascular risk factors do not predict survival to very old age. Studies have shown associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) with cardiovascular disease and mortality in older populations. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of the level and change in eGFR and NT-pro-BNP with longevity to age 90 years.

Method
The population included participants (n = 3,645) in the Cardiovascular Health Study, aged between 67 and 75 at baseline. The main exposures were eGFR, calculated with the Berlin Initiative Study (BIS) 2 equation, and NT-pro-BNP, and the main outcome was survival to age 90. Mixed models were used to estimate level and change of the main exposures.

Results
There was an association between baseline level and change of both eGFR and NT-pro-BNP and survival to 90, and this association persisted after adjustment for covariates. Each 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 higher eGFR level was associated with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.34) of survival to 90, and a 0.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 slower decline in eGFR was associated with an OR of 1.51 (95% CI: 1.31, 1.74). A twofold higher level of NT-pro-BNP level had an adjusted OR of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.73), and a 1.05-fold increase per year in NT-pro-BNP had an OR of 0.53 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.65) for survival to age 90.

Conclusion
eGFR and NT-pro-BNP appear to be important risk factors for longevity to age 90.
Analysis of putative cis-regulatory elements regulating blood pressure variation
Authors: Nandakumar Priyanka , Lee Dongwon , Hoffmann Thomas J , Ehret Georg B , Arking Dan , Ranatunga Dilrini , Li Man , Grove Megan L , Boerwinkle Eric , Schaefer Catherine , Kwok Pui-Yan , Iribarren Carlos , Risch Neil , Chakravarti Aravinda 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHundreds of loci have been associated with blood pressure (BP) traits from many genome-wide association studies. We identified an enrichment of these loci in aorta and tibial artery expression quantitative trait loci in our previous work in ~100 000 Genetic Epidemiology Research on Aging study participants. In the present study, we sought to fine-map known loci and identify novel genes by determining putative regulatory regions for these and other tissues relevant to BP. We constructed maps of putative cis-regulatory elements (CREs) using publicly available open chromatin data for the heart, aorta and tibial arteries, and multiple kidney cell types. Variants within these regions may be evaluated quantitatively for their tissue- or cell-type-specific regulatory impact using deltaSVM functional scores, as described in our previous work. We aggregate variants within these putative CREs within 50 Kb of the start or end of ‘expressed’ genes in these tissues or cell types using public expression data and use deltaSVM scores as weights in the group-wise sequence kernel association test to identify candidates. We test for association with both BP traits and expression within these tissues or cell types of interest and identify the candidates MTHFR, C10orf32, CSK, NOV, ULK4, SDCCAG8, SCAMP5, RPP25, HDGFRP3, VPS37B and PPCDC. Additionally, we examined two known QT interval genes, SCN5A and NOS1AP, in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, as a positive control, and observed the expected heart-specific effect. Thus, our method identifies variants and genes for further functional testing using tissue- or cell-type-specific putative regulatory information.
Bytes not waves: information communication technologies, global jihadism and counterterrorism
Authors: Chertoff Michael , Bury Patrick , Richterova Daniela 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Rapoport's conceptualization of the last, religious wave of four global waves remains highly influential. But it, and other typologies, have placed too little emphasis on the influence of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the evolution of global jihadist activities. This article makes two new contributions by developing both a new ICT-based typology for understanding jihadist evolutions, and by focusing on successful attacks. Our central argument is that ICTs’ impact on global jihadism has facilitated dramatic transformations of its strategy, organization and tactics since the 1990s, and that these can be understood as four overlapping iterations. ‘Jihadism 1.0’ describes the hierarchical, top-down directed and overseas financed and trained terrorist organizations that conducted iconic attacks at the turn of the millennium. Jihadism has since evolved into ‘Jihadism 2.0’ and then ‘Jihadism 3.0’. Jihadism 2.0 recognizes that a number of smaller, coordinated attacks can have a global impact. Jihadism 3.0 is inspired terrorism that has no links to the central terror organization, utilizing individuals and crude tactics. Finally, jihadism is evolving toward ‘Jihadism 4.0’, or cyberterrorism. We argue this typology provides a useful basis for scholars and practitioners to conceptualize the ICT dynamics influencing global jihadism, and these may be applicable to other global terrorists. The conclusion analyses how counter-terrorism services can respond to these evolutions and charts areas for future research.
Organizational diagnostics: a systematic approach to identifying technology and workflow issues in clinical settings
Authors: Unertl Kim M , Novak Laurie Lovett , Van Houten Courtney , Brooks JoAnn , Smith Andrew O , Webb Harris Joyce , Avery Taylor , Simpson Christopher , Lorenzi Nancy M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Healthcare organizations need to rapidly adapt to new technology, policy changes, evolving payment strategies, and other environmental changes. We report on the development and application of a structured methodology to support technology and process improvement in healthcare organizations, Systematic Iterative Organizational Diagnostics (SIOD). SIOD was designed to evaluate clinical work practices, diagnose technology and workflow issues, and recommend potential solutions.

Materials and Methods
SIOD consists of five stages: (1) Background Scan, (2) Engagement Building, (3) Data Acquisition, (4) Data Analysis, and (5) Reporting and Debriefing. Our team applied the SIOD approach in two ambulatory clinics and an integrated ambulatory care center and used SIOD components during an evaluation of a large-scale health information technology transition.

Results
During the initial SIOD application in two ambulatory clinics, five major analysis themes were identified, grounded in the data: putting patients first, reducing the chaos, matching space to function, technology making work harder, and staffing is more than numbers. Additional themes were identified based on SIOD application to a multidisciplinary clinical center. The team also developed contextually grounded recommendations to address issues identified through applying SIOD.

Discussion
The SIOD methodology fills a problem identification gap in existing process improvement systems through an emphasis on issue discovery, holistic clinic functionality, and inclusion of diverse perspectives. SIOD can diagnose issues where approaches as Lean, Six Sigma, and other organizational interventions can be applied.

Conclusion
The complex structure of work and technology in healthcare requires specialized diagnostic strategies to identify and resolve issues, and SIOD fills this need.
Weathering the Storm: Managing Older Adults With Breast Cancer Amid COVID-19 and Beyond
Authors: Freedman Rachel A , Sedrak Mina S , Bellon Jennifer R , Block Caroline C , Lin Nancy U , King Tari A , Minami Christina , VanderWalde Noam , Jolly Trevor A , Muss Hyman B , Winer Eric P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Caring for older patients with breast cancer presents unique clinical considerations because of preexisting and competing comorbidity, the potential for treatment-related toxicity, and the consequent impact on functional status. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, treatment decision making for older patients is especially challenging and encourages us to refocus our treatment priorities. While we work to avoid treatment delays and maintain therapeutic benefit, we also need to minimize the risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposures, myelosuppression, general chemotherapy toxicity, and functional decline. Herein, we propose multidisciplinary care considerations for the aging patient with breast cancer, with the goal to promote a team-based, multidisciplinary treatment approach during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. These considerations remain relevant as we navigate the “new normal” for the approximately 30% of breast cancer patients aged 70 years and older who are diagnosed in the United States annually and for the thousands of older patients living with recurrent and/or metastatic disease.
The Relative Impact of Urinary and Sexual Function vs Bother on Health Utility for Men With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jeong Chang Wook , Herlemann Annika , Cowan Janet E , Broering Jeanette M , ten Ham Renske M T , Wilson Leslie S , Carroll Peter R , Cooperberg Matthew R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Function and bother are related but distinct aspects of health-related quality of life. The objective of this study was to compare quantitatively the relative impacts of function and bother in urinary, sexual, and bowel outcomes on health utility as a reflection of health-related quality of life in men with prostate cancer. Our analysis included participants in the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor utility supplementary study, with a final cohort of 1617 men. Linear regression on the patients’ function and bother summary scores (0-100) from the University of California, Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index was performed to predict bias-corrected health utilities. Urinary and sexual bother were associated with each health utility, and their coefficients were 3.7 and 20.8 times greater, respectively, than those of the corresponding function. To our knowledge, our study provides the first quantitative and direct comparison of the impacts of function vs bother on health utility.
Are extrafloral nectaries efficient against herbivores? Herbivory and plant defenses in contrasting tropical species
Authors: Pereira Cássio Cardoso , Boaventura Maria Gabriela , de Castro Gislene Carvalho , Cornelissen Tatiana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsPlants have limited resources for defenses and species that invest in biotic defenses might exhibit leaves that invest less in other types of defenses. We have investigated whether plants that have few mechanical defenses, but have extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) patrolled by ants, are less prone to herbivory, compared with plants without EFNs that have tougher leaves.MethodsData from the literature were extracted to examine the reported levels of herbivory in plants with or without EFNs. In a savanna vegetation in southern Brazil, field data were collected in leaves from six tropical species and herbivory and specific leaf area (SLA) levels were measured. We further evaluated differences in herbivory and SLA among species and between plants with or without EFNs. In order to test the relationship between herbivory and leaf toughness we regressed average herbivory and average SLA per plant.Important FindingsPlants exhibited variable levels of leaf damage, but plants without ant defenses experienced the highest levels of leaf area loss to herbivory. Levels of mechanical defenses were also variable among the plant species. Plants without EFNs were tougher, exhibiting lower values of SLA. Although plants without EFNs had more sclerophyllous leaves, this mechanical defense was not sufficient to impair and/or reduce herbivore feeding, suggesting that the biotic defenses performed by patrolling ants might be more effective than investment in mechanical defenses associated with leaf palatability.
TIMER2.0 for analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells
Authors: Li Taiwen , Fu Jingxin , Zeng Zexian , Cohen David , Li Jing , Chen Qianming , Li Bo , Liu X Shirley 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Tumor progression and the efficacy of immunotherapy are strongly influenced by the composition and abundance of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Due to the limitations of direct measurement methods, computational algorithms are often used to infer immune cell composition from bulk tumor transcriptome profiles. These estimated tumor immune infiltrate populations have been associated with genomic and transcriptomic changes in the tumors, providing insight into tumor–immune interactions. However, such investigations on large-scale public data remain challenging. To lower the barriers for the analysis of complex tumor–immune interactions, we significantly improved our previous web platform TIMER. Instead of just using one algorithm, TIMER2.0 (http://timer.cistrome.org/) provides more robust estimation of immune infiltration levels for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) or user-provided tumor profiles using six state-of-the-art algorithms. TIMER2.0 provides four modules for investigating the associations between immune infiltrates and genetic or clinical features, and four modules for exploring cancer-related associations in the TCGA cohorts. Each module can generate a functional heatmap table, enabling the user to easily identify significant associations in multiple cancer types simultaneously. Overall, the TIMER2.0 web server provides comprehensive analysis and visualization functions of tumor infiltrating immune cells.
Evaluation of Using the Sphygmomanometer Test to Assess Pain Sensitivity in Chronic Pain Patients vs Normal Controls
Authors: Butler Seth , Draleau Kyle , Heinrich Ross , Nguyen Liem , Shbeeb David , Sigalovsky Daniel , Koh WoonYuen , Hull Stephen Z , Cao Ling 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesObjectively measuring pain sensitivity has not been easy in primary care clinics. A sphygmomanometer test (a sensory test that measures an individual’s nociceptive response to pressure using a standard blood pressure cuff) has recently been established to test pain sensitivity. Here, we examined the feasibility of using the sphygmomanometer test with chronic pain patients.DesignPopulation, observational study.SettingsA community hospital multidisciplinary Pain Center and a private nonprofit university.SubjectsHealthy controls and chronic pain patients were recruited.MethodsAll subjects underwent four pain sensitivity tests: a pressure algometer test, a cold pressure test, a heat sensitivity test, and a sphygmomanometer test. Participants then completed four established surveys for evaluating depression (Patient Health Questionnaire–9), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder–7), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale), and pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale).ResultsAlthough pain patients had significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, fatigue, and pain catastrophizing, as well as reported pain scores, no significant differences in pain sensitivity were detected via any of the pain sensitivity tests. In the control but not the patient group, results from all pain sensitivity tests including the sphygmomanometer test were significantly correlated with each other. Unlike other pain sensitivity tests, the sphygmomanometer test did not correlate with measures of depression, anxiety, fatigue, or pain catastrophizing characteristics.ConclusionsOur results indicate the unique characteristics of the sphygmomanometer test as a pain sensitivity test, particularly when utilized for individuals with chronic pain. Multiple pain sensitivity tests that assess various sensory modalities are needed to evaluate pain sensitivities in chronic pain patients.