bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the protective and therapeutic effect of melatonin against thioacetamide‐induced acute liver damage
Authors: Sayan Meryem , Karabulut Derya , Özdamar Saim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcute or chronic damage to the liver may occur through alcohol, drugs, viruses, genetic disorders, and toxicity. In this study, we planned to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of melatonin (Mel) by causing damage to the liver with thioacetamide (TAA). Thirty‐five rats were used. Group I: control group (seven pieces), group II: Mel group (seven pieces) the single dose on the first day of the experiment was 10 mg/kg, group III: TAA (seven pieces) 300 mg/kg with 24‐hour intervals, two doses, group IV: Mel + TAA group (seven pieces) 10 mg/kg single dose Mel was applied 24  hours before TAA application, group V: TAA + Mel group (seven pieces) single dose (24th hour) of 10 mg/kg Mel was administered after TAA (300 mg/kg) two doses. The liver histology was evaluated. Apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis markers in tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in blood serum samples and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels were determined in liver tissue. TAA affected histologically the classical lobule structure both in cell cords and sinusoids. Caspase‐3, RIP3, and LC3 levels were increased in group III compared with the control group. TAA did not cause a statistically significant change in TNF‐α level but decreased the TGF‐β level significantly. AST and ALT levels were statistically significant in group II and V compared with group I, the ALP level was significant in group IV compared with group II. The results of this study showed that TAA caused significant damage to tissues and increased cell death, Mel was found to have more therapeutic than the protective effect on tissues.
Excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer driven by conical intersection in hydroxychromones
Authors: Anand Neethu , Isukapalli Sai Vamsi Krishna , Vennapusa Sivaranjana Reddy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNonradiative decay pathways associated with vibronically coupled S1(ππ*)–S2(nπ*) potential energy surfaces of 3‐ and 5‐hydroxychromones are investigated by employing the linear vibronic coupling approach. The presence of a conical intersection close to the Franck–Condon point is identified based on the critical examination of computed energetics and structural parameters of stationary points. We show that very minimal displacements of relevant atoms of intramolecular proton transfer geometry are adequate to drive the molecule toward the conical intersection nuclear configuration. The evolving wavepacket on S1(ππ*) bifurcates at the conical intersection: a part of the wavepacket moves to S2(nπ*) within a few femtoseconds while the other decays to S1 minimum. Our findings indicate the possibility of forming the proton transfer tautomer product via S2(nπ*), competing with the traditional pathway occurring on S1(ππ*).
Identification of and solution for false D‐dimer results
Authors: Zhang Xian‐Yan , Zhang Xue‐Xuan , Xu Jia‐Long , Huang Teng‐Yi , Wu Ying , Yang Ye‐Ru , Zhou Huan‐Bin , Wu Ying‐E 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinically, D‐dimer (DD) levels are mainly used to exclude diseases such as deep venous thrombosis (DVT). In clinical testing, DD assays can be subjected to interference that may cause false results, which directly affect the clinical diagnosis. Our hypothesis was that the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the fibrin degradation product (FDP)/DD and fibrinogen (Fib)/DD ratios were used to identify these false results and corrected via multiple dilutions.MethodsIn total, 16 776 samples were divided into three groups according to the DD levels detected by Sysmex CS5100 and CA7000: Group A, DD ≥ 2.0 μg/mL fibrinogen equivalent unit (FEU); group B, 0.5 < DD < 2.0 μg/mL FEU; and group C, DD ≤ 0.5 μg/mL FEU. The 95% CIs of the FDP/DD and Fib/DD ratios were calculated. Six abnormal DD results were found according to the 95% CIs. For verification, we performed multiple dilutions, compared the results with those of other instruments, and tested the addition of heterophilic blocking reagent (HBR).ResultsThe median and 95% CI of the FDP/DD ratio were 3.76 and 2.25‐8.15 in group A, 5.63 and 2.86‐10.58 in group B, 10.23 and 0.91‐47.71 in groups C, respectively. For the Fib/DD ratio, the 95% CIs was 0.02‐2.21 in group A, 0.68‐8.15 in group B, and 3.82‐55.27 in groups C. Six abnormal results were identified after multiple dilutions, by comparison with other detection systems, and after HBR addition.ConclusionsThe FDP/DD ratio is more reliable for identifying false results. If the FDP/DD ratio falls outside the 95% CI, it should be verified by different methods.
Deceased vs living donor grafts for pediatric simultaneous liver‐kidney transplantation: A single‐center experience
Authors: Gautier Sergey , Monakhov Artem , Tsiroulnikova Olga , Voskanov Mikhail , Miloserdov Igor , Dzhanbekov Timur , Meshcheryakov Sergey , Latypov Robert , Chekletsova Elena , Malomuzh Olga , Khizroev Khizri , Dzhiner Deniz , Pashkova Irina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn conditions of limited experience of pediatric simultaneous liver‐kidney transplantation (SLKT) using grafts from living and deceased donors, there is a certain need to validate the approach.PatientsThe retrospective study of 18 pediatric patients who received SLKT between 2008 and 2019.ResultsGrafts were obtained from both living and deceased donors. The patients’ age ranged from 2 to 16 years (9 years ±4). The body weight of the children varied from 9.5 to 39 kg (22 kg ±9). The follow‐up period lasted from 1 to 109 months (median 38 months ±35). The various graft combinations were used in both groups. There was no mortality during the follow‐up. There was no significant difference in baseline parameters in recipients who received grafts from living and deceased donors except age (7.5 years ±2.2 vs 11.8 years ±4.1; P = .038). Rate of complications > grade II was higher among recipients of deceased donor SLKT (7.7% vs 60%; OR, 7.8; 95% CI, 1.04‐58.48; P = .044). All the patients are alive with both grafts functioning. All the living donors returned to the normal life.ConclusionSLKT is a safe and effective procedure for children with both simultaneous end‐stage liver disease and end‐stage renal disease. Both living donor partial liver and kidney transplantation and deceased donor liver‐kidney transplantation can be considered as safe and feasible options.
AdipoRon, a new therapeutic prospect for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Abou‐Samra Michel , Selvais Camille M. , Boursereau Raphael , Lecompte Sophie , Noel Laurence , Brichard Sonia M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdiponectin (ApN) is a hormone known to exhibit insulin‐sensitizing, fat‐burning, and anti‐inflammatory properties in several tissues, including the skeletal muscle. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating disease characterized by dystrophin deficiency with subsequent chronic inflammation, myofiber necrosis, and impaired regeneration. Previously, we showed that transgenic up‐regulation of ApN could significantly attenuate the dystrophic phenotype in mdx mice (model of DMD). Recently, an orally active ApN receptor agonist, AdipoRon, has been identified. This synthetic small molecule has the advantage of being more easily produced and administrable than ApN. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of AdipoRon on the dystrophic muscle.MethodsFour‐week‐old mdx mice (n = 6–9 per group) were orally treated with AdipoRon (mdx‐AR) for 8 weeks and compared with untreated (mdx) mice and to control (wild‐type) mice. In vivo functional tests were carried out to measure the global force and endurance of mice. Ex vivo biochemical and molecular analyses were performed to evaluate the pathophysiology of the skeletal muscle. Finally, in vitro tests were conducted on primary cultures of healthy and DMD human myotubes.ResultsAdipoRon treatment mitigated oxidative stress (−30% to 45% for 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal and peroxiredoxin 3, P < 0.0001) as well as inflammation in muscles of mdx mice (−35% to 65% for interleukin 1 beta, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and cluster of differentiation 68, a macrophage maker, P < 0.0001) while increasing the anti‐inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (~5‐fold, P < 0.0001). AdipoRon also improved the myogenic programme as assessed by a ~2‐fold rise in markers of muscle proliferation and differentiation (P < 0.01 or less vs. untreated mdx). Plasma lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase were reduced by 30–40% in mdx‐AR mice, reflecting less sarcolemmal damage (P < 0.0001). When compared with untreated mdx mice, mdx‐AR mice exhibited enhanced physical performance with an increase in both muscle force and endurance and a striking restoration of the running capacity during eccentric exercise. AdipoRon mainly acted through ApN receptor 1 by increasing AMP‐activated protein kinase signalling, which led to repression of nuclear factor‐kappa B, up‐regulation of utrophin (a dystrophin analogue), and a switch towards an oxidative and more resistant fibre phenotype. The effects of AdipoRon were then recapitulated in human DMD myotubes.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that AdipoRon exerts several beneficial effects on the dystrophic muscle. This molecule could offer promising therapeutic prospect for managing DMD or other muscle and inflammatory disorders.
Microstructural characterization of plasma sprayed Ln2Zr2O7 thermal barrier coatings by electron microscopy methods
Authors: Moskal Grzegorz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe presented article characterized microstructural aspects of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) analysis using methods of electron microscopy such as electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission/scanning electron microscopy (S/TEM), and TEM. The analyzed TBC system is based on gadolinium zirconate deposited by air plasma spraying method, and additionally, it was subjected to an oxidation test for 500 hr at a temperature of 1,100°C. Moreover, the morphological characterization of feedstock powder was showed. EBSD analysis revealed the inhomogeneity of feedstock materials in the form of complex phase composition. In the case of deposited coating, this method was used to characterize the crystallite size of zirconate coating and phase composition of thermally grown oxide zone. S/TEM and TEM analysis showed morphological details of this zone but not revealed such phase as perovskite oxide of GdAlO3 type.
Influence of auto‐exhaust pollution on trichome micromorphology of Olea europea L. leaves
Authors: Öztürk Çalı İlkay , Karavin Neslihan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the influence of auto‐exhaust pollution on trichome structure of Olea europea L. leaves. For this purpose, olive leaves were collected from two areas one of which is urban and the other is rural. Leaf surface sections in leaves were obtained to examine the influence of auto‐exhaust pollution on trichome structure of olive. Width‐length thicknesses in peltate trichome were measured using a micrometric ocular. To investigate the density and the percentages of damaged‐nondamaged peltate trichomes among the groups, the upper epidermis of leaves was photographed with SEM. According to the results, the values of width and length thicknesses of peltate trichome were lower in urban area when compared to rural site. The density and percentages of nondamaged peltate structure were lower in urban area whereas damaged peltate structures were increased. Auto‐exhaust pollution decreased the amount of nondamaged peltate trichome structure and caused damaged peltate structures in olive leaves. The plant can be more sensitive to drought because of decreased amount of peltate trichomes and also increased damaged peltate trichome structures in urban area.
Referencing BRCA in hereditary cancer risk discussions: In search of an anchor in a sea of uncertainty
Authors: Waltz Margaret , Prince Anya E. R. , O'Daniel Julianne M. , Foreman Ann Katherine M. , Powell Bradford C. , Berg Jonathan S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs panel testing and exome sequencing are increasingly incorporated into clinical care, clinicians must grapple with how to communicate the risks and treatment decisions surrounding breast cancer genes beyond BRCA1 and BRCA2. In this paper, we examine clinicians' practice of employing BRCA1 and BRCA2 to help contextualize less certain genetic information regarding cancer risk and the possible implications of this practice for patients within the context of an exome sequencing study, NCGENES. We audio‐recorded return of results appointments for 14 women who participated in NCGENES, previously had breast cancer, and were suspected of having a hereditary cancer predisposition. These patients were also interviewed four weeks later regarding their understanding of their results. We found that BRCA1 and BRCA2 were held as the gold standard, where clinicians compared what is known about BRCA to the limited understanding of other breast cancer‐related genes. BRCA1 and BRCA2 were used as anchors to shape patients' understandings of genetic knowledge, risk, and management, illustrating how the information clinicians provide to patients may work as an external anchor. Yet, presenting BRCA1 and BRCA2 as a means of scientific reassurance can run the risk of patients conflating knowledge about certainty of risk with degree of risk after receiving a result for a moderate penetrance gene. This can be further complicated by misperceptions of the precision of cancer predictability attributed to these or other described ‘cancer genes’ in public media.
Synthesis of imidazo[1, 2‐a]pyridines via the silver acetate‐catalyzed Groebke‐Blackburn‐Bienayme reaction with ethylene glycol as a biodegradable and sustainable solvent
Authors: Hussain Mustafa , Liu Jianhui , Fu Lu , Hasan Mehdi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn efficient, silver‐based catalytic system has been designed for the synthesis of biologically important 3‐aminoimidazo‐fused heterocycles via the Groebke‐Blackburn‐Bienayme reaction, in which AgOAc was used as a catalyst and ethylene glycol as a solvent from isocyanides, various aryl aldehydes and an 2‐amino heterocycle were also used. Good to excellent yields, high atomic economy and environmentally friendly conditions are the potential features of this one‐pot process.
Incomplete immune reconstitution in HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy: Challenges of immunological non-responders
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Su Bin , Zhang Xin , Liu Yan , Wu Hao , Zhang Tong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-related diseases were dramatically diminished by the grounds of the introduction of potent antiretroviral therapy, which induces persistent suppression of HIV-1 replication and gradual recovery of CD4+ T-cell counts. However, ∼10–40% of HIV-1-infected individuals fail to achieve normalization of CD4+ T-cell counts despite persistent virological suppression. These patients are referred to as “inadequate immunological responders,” “immunodiscordant responders,” or “immunological non-responders (INRs)” who show severe immunological dysfunction. Indeed, INRs are at an increased risk of clinical progression to AIDS and non-AIDS events and present higher rates of mortality than HIV-1-infected individuals with adequate immune reconstitution. To date, the underlying mechanism of incomplete immune reconstitution in HIV-1-infected patients has not been fully elucidated. In light of this limitation, it is of substantial practical significance to deeply understand the mechanism of immune reconstitution and design effective individualized treatment strategies. Therefore, in this review, we aim to highlight the mechanism and risk factors of incomplete immune reconstitution and strategies to intervene.
Future extremes of temperature and precipitation in Europe derived from a combination of dynamical and statistical approaches
Authors: Cardell Maria F. , Amengual Arnau , Romero Romualdo , Ramis Climent 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMost of the nature‐related economic costs and human losses in many regions of Europe are due to extreme weather events such as heat waves, cold spells, persistent droughts, heavy precipitation and intense cyclonic wind‐storms. Extreme precipitation events are projected by climatic models to become more intense over the continent while droughts might last longer by the end of the century. In dry regions as Southern Europe, soils are predicted to dry out as temperatures and evapotranspiration rise and rain‐bearing atmospheric circulations become less frequent. Prospects on the future of climate indices linked to extreme phenomena are herein derived by using observed and model projected daily meteorological data. Specifically, E‐OBS high resolution gridded datasets of observed precipitation and surface minimum and maximum temperatures have been used as the regional observed baseline. For projections, the same meteorological variables have been obtained from a set of regional climate models integrated in the European EURO‐CORDEX project, considering the RCP8.5 future emissions scenario. A quantile–quantile adjustment has been applied to the simulated regional scenarios to reduce biases in modelled extreme regimes. Results suggest that warm days will substantially increase across Europe, consistently with a decrease of cold nights. An increase in heat wave amplitude is expected across the continent, with South Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean as the most affected regions. In contrast, Northern Europe will undergo the largest decrease in cold spell magnitude. An overall rise in the frequency and volume of heavy precipitations is projected in all seasons, even if the number of dry days is also expected to increase, except in the Baltic countries. Regarding abnormally long dry periods (extreme droughts), we find that the occurrence of episodes would reduce over Europe as consequence of projected increases in length.
Investigation of resident and recruited macrophages following disc injury in mice
Authors: Kawakubo Ayumu , Uchida Kentaro , Miyagi Masayuki , Nakawaki Mitsufumi , Satoh Masashi , Sekiguchi Hiroyuki , Yokozeki Yuji , Inoue Gen , Takaso Masashi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMacrophages, particularly M1 macrophages, produce proinflammatory cytokines and contribute to the degenerative process in injured intervertebral discs (IVDs). We previously showed that macrophages in both intact and injured IVDs increased following IVD injury. Resident macrophages and macrophages recruited from the peripheral blood have distinct roles in tissue. However, it remains to be determined whether increased macrophages derive from resident or recruited macrophages. We investigated the origin of M1 macrophages in injured IVDs using green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic bone marrow chimeric mice. The M1 macrophage marker, CD86, increased in both disc‐derived resident macrophages and bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) after lipopolysaccharide/interferon γ stimulation in vitro. Following IVD injury, the proportion of cells positive for the CD86 ligand, the F4/80 antigen, and the surface glycoprotein CD11b (CD86+ CD11b+ F4/80+) significantly increased in GFP+ populations at days 3, 7, and 14. In contrast, CD86+ CD11b+ F4/80+ cells in GFP− populations significantly increased on day 3, and thereafter decreased on days 7 and 14. The proportion of CD86+ CD11b+ F4/80+ cells in the GFP+ populations was significantly higher than that in the GFP− populations at days 1, 3, 7, and 14. Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 expression in disc‐derived macrophages, but not in BMMs, increased following interleukin‐1β stimulation. Our results suggest M1 macrophages following IVD injury originate from recruited macrophages. Resident macrophages may behave differently in IVD injury. The role of resident macrophages needs to be clarified. Further investigation is needed.
Early tibial subchondral bone texture changes after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in knees without radiographic OA: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Wolski Marcin , Thorlund Jonas B. , Stachowiak Gwidon W. , Holsgaard‐Larsen Anders , Creaby Mark W. , Jørgensen Gitte M. , Englund Martin , Podsiadlo Pawel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) may lead to changes in underlying trabecular bone (TB) structure potentially promoting the development of knee joint osteoarthritis. Our aim was to investigate if there are early changes occurring in tibial subchondral TB texture in the leg undergoing medial APM compared with the unoperated non‐injured contra‐lateral leg. The bone texture was measured as the medial‐to‐lateral ratio of fractal dimensions (FD) calculated for regions selected on weight‐bearing anteroposterior tibiofemoral x‐rays. Twenty‐one subjects before and 12 months after APM were included from 374 patients scheduled for unilateral medial APM. The medial‐to‐lateral ratio was calculated for horizontal, vertical, and roughest FDs respectively. Higher FD means higher bone roughness. Each FD was calculated over a range of scales using a variance orientation transform method. Mean values of medial‐to‐lateral horizontal FD calculated for APM knees at follow‐up were higher than those at baseline. For unoperated knees the values were lower. The difference in the horizontal FD change from baseline to follow‐up between APM and contra‐lateral legs was 0.028 (95% CI, 0.004‐0.052). The bone roughness changes may reflect the increase in peak knee adduction moment (KAM) and KAM impulse during walking reported for the same cohort in a previous study. They may also reflect early signs of osteoarthritis development and thus, we speculate that individuals with increased bone texture roughness ratio after APM might be at higher risk of knee osteoarthritis development.
Modern wheat cultivars have greater root nitrogen uptake efficiency than old cultivars
Authors: Zhang Li , Du Yan-Lei , Li Xiao Gang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe availability of nitrogen (N) contained in crop residues for a following crop may vary with cultivar, depending on root traits and the interaction between roots and soil. We used a pot experiment to investigate the effects of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (three old varieties introduced before mid last century and three modern varieties) and N fertilization on the ability of wheat to acquire N from maize (Zea mays L.) straw added to soil. Wheat was grown in a soil where 15N‐labeled maize straw had been incorporated with or without N fertilization. Higher grain yield in three modern and one old cultivar was ascribed to preferred allocation of photosynthate to aboveground plant parts and from vegetative organs to grains. Root biomass, root length density and root surface area were all smaller in modern than in old cultivars at both anthesis and maturity. Root mean diameter was generally similar between modern and old cultivars at anthesis but was greater in modern than in old cultivars at maturity. There were cultivar differences in N uptake from incorporated maize straw and the other N sources (soil and fertilizer). However, these differences were not related to variation in the measured root parameters among the six cultivars. At anthesis, total N uptake efficiencies by roots (total N uptake per root weight or root length) were greater in modern than in old cultivars within each fertilization level. At maturity, averaged over fertilization levels, the total N uptake efficiencies by roots were 292−336 mg N g−1 roots or 3.2−4.0 mg N m−1 roots for three modern cultivars, in contrast to 132−213 mg N g−1 roots or 0.93−1.6 mg N m−1 roots for three old cultivars. Fertilization enhanced the utilization of N from maize straw by all cultivars, but root N uptake efficiencies were less affected. We concluded that modern spring wheat cultivars had higher root N uptake efficiency than old cultivars.