bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stage‐specific embryonic antigen 4 is a membrane marker for enrichment of porcine spermatogonial stem cells
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Li Fuyuan , Zhang Lingkai , Lei Peipei , Zheng Yi , Zeng Wenxian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), as tissue‐specific stem cells, are capable of both self‐renewal and differentiation and supporting the continual and robust spermatogenesis for male fertility. As a rare sub‐fraction of undifferentiated spermatogonia, SSCs share most molecular markers with the progenitor spermatogonia. Thus, the heterogeneity of the progenitor cells often obscures the characteristics of stem cells. Distinguishing SSCs from the progenitors is of paramount importance to understand the regulatory mechanisms governing their actions.ObjectivesThe present study was designed to reveal that SSEA4 can be a marker for putative porcine SSCs that distinguished it from the progenitors and to build a sorting program for efficient enrichment of porcine SSCs.MethodsTo explore expression of SSEA4 within the undifferentiated spermatogonial population, we performed co‐immunofluorescent staining for SSEA4 and common molecular markers (VASA, DBA, PLZF, c‐KIT, and SOX9) in the 7‐, 90‐, and 150‐day‐old porcine testicular tissues. SSEA4‐positive cells were isolated from the 90‐day‐old porcine testes by flow cytometry. Immunofluorescent, RNA‐sequencing, and transplantation analysis were used to reveal that SSEA4‐positive fraction holds the stem cell capacity.ResultsWe found that SSEA4 was expressed in a rare sub‐fraction of porcine undifferentiated spermatogonia, and RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that the genes for stem cell maintenance and SSC‐specific markers (ID4 and PAX7) were up‐regulated in the SSEA4‐sorted fraction, compared with undifferentiated spermatogonia. In addition, germ cell transplantation assay demonstrated that SSEA4‐positive spermatogonia colonized in the recipient testicular tubules. Sorting of the undifferentiated spermatogonia with anti‐SSEA4 antibody resulted in a 2.5‐fold enrichment of SSCs compared with the germ cell gate group, and 21‐fold enrichment of SSCs compared with the SSEA4‐negative spermatogonia group.ConclusionsOur findings revealed that SSEA4 is a new surface marker for porcine undifferentiated spermatogonia. This finding helps to elucidate the characteristics of porcine SSCs and facilitates the culture and manipulation of SSCs.
Early outcomes of implanting larger‐sized grafts in deceased donor liver transplantation
Authors: Shen Zhenhua , Wang Zhize , Jiang Yuancong , Wu Tianchun , Zheng Shusen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe outcomes of large‐sized graft mismatch in deceased donor liver transplantation (LT) have been rarely studied. The aim of this study was to determine whether a large‐sized graft for recipient influenced the post‐transplant outcomes.MethodsA total of 273 patients undergoing LT were enrolled and divided into a large and a normal‐sized graft group by graft weight to recipient weight (GWRW) >2.5% (n = 76) or GWRW ≤2.5% (n = 197). Post‐operative complications and outcomes were retrospectively analysed.ResultsThe two groups were comparable in demographic characteristics. The rate of complications was significantly higher in the large‐sized graft group including early allograft dysfunction (36.8% versus 17.8%, P = 0.001), hepatic necrosis (26.3% versus 13.7%, P = 0.01) and massive hydrothorax (25% versus 14.7%, P = 0.04). The large‐sized graft group suffered higher early mortality compared with the normal‐sized graft group (30 days: 14.5% versus 5.6%, P = 0.02, 90 days: 21.1% versus 9.6%, P = 0.01). The primary causes of early death were multiple organ failure (10.5% versus 2%, P = 0.002) and sepsis (2.6% versus 1.5%, P = 0.54). Four parameters including donor alanine transaminase, GWRW, estimated blood loss and model for end‐stage liver disease score were significant on multivariate analysis, and indicated significant risk factors for the early mortality of recipients.ConclusionIn deceased donor LT, GWRW >2.5% is associated with increased liver injury, risk of early mortality and other adverse outcomes. Thus, donor livers should be allocated to recipients with GWRW ≤2.5%.
Early surgical complications of total hip arthroplasty related to surgical approach
Authors: Hoskins Wayne , Dowsey Michelle M. , Spelman Tim , Choong Peter F. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) can be performed through a number of surgical approaches. The aim was to compare the incidence of early surgical complications in THA related to approach.MethodsA retrospective review of prospectively recorded data extracted from St. Vincent's Melbourne Arthroplasty Registry was performed between January 2006 and December 2016. Surgical approach was identified: lateral, posterior, anterior and superior. Primary outcome measure was return to theatre (RTT) for any cause within 1 year. Age, comorbidity, body mass index and femoral fixation were assessed for potential confounding. Secondary outcomes were RTT for revision procedure and for specific complications: intra or post‐operative fracture, dislocation/instability, aseptic loosening and prosthetic joint injection (PJI). Variables were assessed for their association with outcome using unadjusted and adjusted quantile median regression for continuous outcomes and Cox proportional hazards regression for binary time‐to‐event outcomes.ResultsThere were a total of 2906 consecutive THA's recorded, 1413 lateral, 1188 posterior, 233 anterior and 72 superior. A total of 140 cases (4.5%) required RTT within 1 year. No approach was associated with RTT on unadjusted analyses or multivariate modelling. There was no association between approach and revision, PJI or periprosthetic fracture. The posterior approach was associated with 2.90 times the rate of dislocation relative to the lateral (P = 0.005).ConclusionsThere was no difference in the RTT rate between surgical approaches for THA. There was no difference in revision rates, PJI or periprosthetic fracture. The posterior approach was associated with a higher rate of dislocation relative to the lateral, but not the anterior.
Impact of postoperative acute kidney injury on predicting the upstaging of chronic kidney disease after robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy
Authors: Teishima Jun , Inoue Shogo , Miyamoto Shunsuke , Fukuoka Kenichiro , Sekino Yohei , Kitano Hiroyuki , Hieda Keisuke , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Matsubara Akio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of our study was to assess the impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) on postoperative upstaging of chronic kidney disease (CKD) after robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).MethodsThis study consisted of 110 patients who had undergone RAPN and were followed up for at least 6 months after surgery. Patients were classified as AKI or non‐AKI based on their serum creatinine level and estimated glomerular filtration rate within 7 days after surgery. Patient characteristics, outcome of RAPN and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and CKD upstage 6 months after surgery were compared between the AKI and non‐AKI groups.ResultsA total of 26 patients (23.6%) experienced AKI after surgery. RENAL (radius, exophytic/endophitic properties, nearness of the tumor to the collecting system or sinus, anterior/posterior, location relative to the polar lines) nephrometry scores were ≥7 for 22 (84.6%) in the AKI group and 39 (46.4%) in the non‐AKI group (P = .0006). A significantly smaller proportion of patients in the AKI group than in the non‐AKI group recovered 90% of baseline function (38.5% vs 81.0%, P < .0001). CKD upstaging occurred in a total of 27 patients 24.5%) and in a significantly larger proportion of patients in the AKI group than in the non‐AKI group (42.3% vs 19.0%, P = .0160). There was no significant difference in characteristics and perioperative outcomes between the patients with and without CKD, except for in those experiencing AKI.ConclusionAfter RAPN, AKI can be associated with CKD upstaging.
Model‐informed drug repurposing: Viral kinetic modelling to prioritize rational drug combinations for COVID‐19
Authors: Dodds Michael G. , Krishna Rajesh , Goncalves Antonio , Rayner Craig R. 
Published: July 2020

AimWe hypothesized that viral kinetic modelling could be helpful to prioritize rational drug combinations for COVID‐19. The aim of this research was to use a viral cell cycle model of SARS‐CoV‐2 to explore the potential impact drugs, or combinations of drugs, that act at different stages in the viral life cycle might have on various metrics of infection outcome relevant in the early stages of COVID‐19 disease.MethodsUsing a target‐cell limited model structure that has been used to characterize viral load dynamics from COVID‐19 patients, we performed simulations to inform on the combinations of therapeutics targeting specific rate constants. The endpoints and metrics included viral load area under the curve (AUC), duration of viral shedding and epithelial cells infected. Based on the known kinetics of the SARS‐CoV‐2 life cycle, we rank ordered potential targeted approaches involving repurposed, low‐potency agents.ResultsOur simulations suggest that targeting multiple points central to viral replication within infected host cells or release from those cells is a viable strategy for reducing both viral load and host cell infection. In addition, we observed that the time‐window opportunity for a therapeutic intervention to effect duration of viral shedding exceeds the effect on sparing epithelial cells from infection or impact on viral load AUC. Furthermore, the impact on reduction on duration of shedding may extend further in patients who exhibit a prolonged shedder phenotype.ConclusionsOur work highlights the use of model‐informed drug repurposing approaches to better rationalize effective treatments for COVID‐19.
Use of proton pump inhibitors is associated with lower rates of first‐time ischemic stroke in community‐dwelling elderly
Authors: Schmilovitz‐Weiss Hemda , Gingold‐Belfer Rachel , Peleg Noam , Grossman Alon , Issa Nidal , Boltin Doron , Beloosesky Yichayaou , Koren‐Morag Nira , Meyerovitch Joseph , Shirin Haim , Weiss Avraham 
Published: July 2020

AimData on cardiovascular outcomes in elderly using proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are scant. We aimed to test the association between PPI use and the occurrence of first‐time ischemic stroke (FTIS) among elderly.MethodsThe electronic database of a centrally located district branch of a large health maintenance organization in Israel was retrospectively screened (2002–2016) for community‐dwelling individuals (≥65–95 years) for demographics and co‐morbidities. Follow‐up was until FTIS, death or end of study. Findings were analyzed by PPI use and occurrence of FTIS.Results29,639 subjects (without history of stroke and use of antiplatelet aggregation drugs) mean age of 82.2 ± 5.5 years (range: 65–95 years, 38% male) were analyzed: 8,600 (29%) used PPIs. Mean follow up was 10.58 years (SD ± 5.44). Similar total and annual occurrence rates of FTIS were depicted in PPI users and non‐users (20.9% vs. 21% and 2% vs. 2.1%, respectively). On a Cox regression analysis, upon adjustment for age, gender and cardiovascular disease related risk factors, PPI use was significantly associated with lower rates of FTIS (HR 0.73, 95% C.I. 0.69–0.77, p < 0.001). The risk for FTIS was significantly lower in subjects using PPI at any dose and for any time period compared to non‐users (HR 0.9, 95% C.I. 0.85–0.96 for 7–48 yearly prescriptions and HR 0.51, 95% C.I. 0.46–0.55 for ≥49 yearly prescriptions).ConclusionsPPI use was associated with lower rates of FTIS in community‐dwelling elders. Prospective large‐scale studies are needed to fully elucidate the effect of PPI in this aging population.
Temporal analysis of multimodal data to predict collaborative learning outcomes
Authors: Olsen Jennifer K. , Sharma Kshitij , Rummel Nikol , Aleven Vincent 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe analysis of multiple data streams is a long‐standing practice within educational research. Both multimodal data analysis and temporal analysis have been applied successfully, but in the area of collaborative learning, very few studies have investigated specific advantages of multiple modalities versus a single modality, especially combined with temporal analysis. In this paper, we investigate how both the use of multimodal data and moving from averages and counts to temporal aspects in a collaborative setting provides a better prediction of learning gains. To address these questions, we analyze multimodal data collected from 25 9–11‐year‐old dyads using a fractions intelligent tutoring system. Assessing the relation of dual gaze, tutor log, audio and dialog data to students' learning gains, we find that a combination of modalities, especially those at a smaller time scale, such as gaze and audio, provides a more accurate prediction of learning gains than models with a single modality. Our work contributes to the understanding of how analyzing multimodal data in temporal manner provides additional information around the collaborative learning process.
Participant or spectator? Comprehending the willingness of faculty to use intelligent tutoring systems in the artificial intelligence era
Authors: Wang Shanyong , Yu Haotian , Hu Xianfeng , Li Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe advancement of technology, especially the development and application of artificial intelligence, has deeply affected the education sector and brought opportunities for pedagogical adaptation. Intelligent tutoring systems, a major application of artificial intelligence in education, have drawn extensive concerns. However, in reality, the penetration rate of intelligent tutoring systems and the enthusiasm of faculty to use are still relatively low. This research examined the determinants of the willingness of faculty to use intelligent tutoring systems. Innovation diffusion theory was the theoretical basis of this research and it was adapted by incorporating perceived trust and experience. To gather data, a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey was performed and structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data. The findings indicated that relative advantage, compatibility, perceived trust and experience are the contributing determinants of the willingness of faculty to use intelligent tutoring systems, while complexity has no significant effect. Meanwhile, complexity is significantly negatively affected by experience and compatibility. Relative advantage is significantly positively affected by perceived trust but not by complexity. Based on the research findings, relevant recommendations for encouraging faculty to use intelligent tutoring systems were proposed.
Prevalence of thyroid eye disease in Graves’ disease: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Chin Yip Han , Ng Cheng Han , Lee Ming Hui , Koh Jeffery Wei Heng , Kiew Jolene , Yang Samantha Peiling , Sundar Gangadhara , Khoo Chin Meng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThyroid eye disease (TED) is a debilitating condition that frequently manifests in patients suffering from Graves’ disease (GD). This study aims to analyse the prevalence of TED among GD patients, with a focus on geographical region‐specific rates.MethodsMedline and Embase were searched for articles examining TED prevalence on April 2020, and articles were retrieved and sieved. Statistical analysis was performed after Freeman‐Tukey double arcsine transformation. Thereafter, results were pooled with random effects by DerSimonian and Laird model.ResultsFifty‐seven articles involving 26,804 patients were included in the review. The overall pooled prevalence of TED was 40% (CI: 0.32 to 0.48) and by continent was 38% (CI: 0.31 to 0.46) for Europe, 44% (CI: 0.32 to 0.56) for Asia, 27% (CI: 0.06 to 0.56) for North America and 58% (CI: 0.55 to 0.61) for Oceania. The prevalence of TED in Southeast Asia was 35% (CI: 0.24 to 0.47) and Middle East 48% (CI: 0.19 to 0.78). Subgroup analysis showed regions with predominantly Caucasians (37%; CI: 0.28 to 0.46) had a lower prevalence of TED compared to Asians (45%; CI: 0.33 to 0.58). The pooled prevalence of lid retraction was 57% (CI: 0.39 to 0.74), proptosis 57% (CI: 0.48 to 0.65), diplopia 36% (CI: 0.24 to 0.48) and ocular hypertension 13% (CI: 0.06 to 0.19).ConclusionA substantial proportion of patients with GD have TED and often manifest as lid retraction, proptosis and diplopia. Early detection through active screening might help to mitigate the progression of TED and its associated complications.
Gotong Royong and the Transformation of Kampung Ledok Code, Yogyakarta
Authors: Winardi Uji Nugroho 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on Kampung Ledok Code, a small riverside community in Yogyakarta that was less exposed to outside influence and in the beginning had tenuous bonds among the population. It aims to understand how this marginalized society articulated and made use of gotong royong to engineer the kampung’s transformation. Challenging the traditional perception of gotong royong as a collective spirit that has long been an important element of Indonesian national culture, some critics argue that gotong royong is a political construction for manpower mobilization. Yet people also attempt to make use of gotong royong for their own purposes. This article argues that gotong royong is historically constructed, but that the Ledok Code community employed the concept toward a variety of ends. It began with a communal spirit that bonded the population. It became a popular strategy to gain recognition, then a kampung ritual to generate neighborhood improvement. Eventually, gotong royong was institutionalized as a social norm to regulate the community.
Early outcomes of peroral endoscopic myotomy with fundoplication for achalasia cardia – Is it here to stay?
Authors: Patil Gaurav , Dalal Ankit , Maydeo Amit 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPeroral endoscopic myotomy with fundoplication (POEM‐F) has garnered widespread attention since it tries to achieve an appropriate antireflux procedure during the same setting. The outcomes of POEM‐F are currently unexplored.MethodsPatients who underwent POEM‐F at our center were retrospectively studied to assess its safety and early outcomes.ResultsTwenty patients [70% male; median age 32 years (range 25–41)], with a median symptom duration of 2.1 years (range 1.5–3.7) with achalasia were included. POEM‐F procedure was completed in a median of 118 min (range 90–160), with 17/20 (85%) technical success. The median hospitalization was 4 days (range 2–7). Capnothorax (n = 3), resolved spontaneously (n = 2) in 4–6 h, while in one patient (n = 1) the endoscope inadvertently entered into the thoracic cavity for which prophylactic intercostal drain was required. Capnoperitoneum was seen in 17/17 (100%) patients who underwent fundoplication, subcutaneous emphysema in 8/17 (47%) patients. At 1‐month follow‐up endoscopy, 5/17 (29.4%) patients had loosening of the fundal wrap, 3/17 (17.6%) patients had ulceration in fundus and in gastroesophageal junction due to underlying hemoclips. At 3 months, loosening of the fundal wrap was seen in 7/17 (41.2%) patients. A 24‐h pH‐metry revealed abnormal esophageal acid exposure in 7/17 (41.2%) patients, while it was normal in those patients in whom the fundal wrap was maintained. 10/17 (58.8%) patients were off proton pump inhibitors.ConclusionPOEM‐F is technically feasible with reasonable short term success. However, the durability, early success and safety of POEM‐F need reassessment in long‐term studies before being applied in clinical practice.
Cause of death in autopsy‐confirmed dementia disorders
Authors: Degerskär A. N. W. , Englund E. M. 
Published: July 2020

Background and purposeDementia disorders predispose for lethal complications and decrease life expectancy. A more profound knowledge regarding end‐stage conditions in dementia could therefore ameliorate treatment and care of these patients.MethodsAutopsy reports on 207 deceased individuals with clinically diagnosed neurocognitive disorder/dementia and on 200 neurocognitively healthy individuals of the same age range were studied. Autopsy results, especially cause of death, were compared between the dementia and the control groups.ResultsThe two most frequent causes of death in the dementia population were pneumonia (34.3%) and acute myocardial infarction (30.4%). This result differed from that of the control group, in which acute myocardial infarction (42.5%) accounted for most events of deaths, followed by circulatory failure (12.5%). The leading cause of death varied amongst dementia subtypes. Further, in Alzheimer’s disease pneumonia was more frequent in severe/advanced cases whilst acute myocardial infarction was more common in milder cases.ConclusionsCause of death differed between the demented and the general population of the same age and between subtypes of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease severity was reflected in different final conditions. The findings have relevance for the final stage care and treatment in dementia disorders.
Genomic analysis reveals neutral and adaptive patterns that challenge the current management regime for East Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L
Authors: Johansen Torild , Besnier François , Quintela María , Jorde Per Erik , Glover Kevin A. , Westgaard Jon‐Ivar , Dahle Geir , Lien Sigbjørn , Kent Matthew P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChallenging long‐held perceptions of fish management units can help to protect vulnerable stocks. When a fishery consisting of multiple genetic stocks is managed as a single unit, overexploitation and depletion of minor genetic units can occur. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is an economically and ecologically important marine species across the North Atlantic. The application of new genomic resources, including SNP arrays, allows us to detect and explore novel structure within specific cod management units. In Norwegian waters, coastal cod (i.e. those not undertaking extensive migrations) are divided into two arbitrary management units defined by ICES: one between 62° and 70°N (Norwegian coastal cod; NCC) and one between 58° and 62°N (Norwegian coastal south; NCS). Together, these capture a fishery area of >25,000 km2 containing many spawning grounds. To assess whether these geographic units correctly represent genetic stocks, we analysed spawning cod of NCC and NCS for more than 8,000 SNPs along with samples of Russian White Sea cod, north‐east Arctic cod (NEAC: the largest Atlantic stock), and outgroup samples representing the Irish and Faroe Sea's. Our analyses revealed large differences in spatial patterns of genetic differentiation across the genome and revealed a complex biological structure within NCC and NCS. Haplotype maps from four chromosome sets show regional specific SNP indicating a complex genetic structure. The current management plan dividing the coastal cod into only two management units does not accurately reflect the genetic units and needs to be revised. Coastal cod in Norway, while highly heterogenous, is also genetically distinct from neighbouring stocks in the north (NEAC), west (Faroe Island) and the south. The White Sea cod are highly divergent from other cod, possibly yielding support to the earlier notion of subspecies rank.