bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A principled ethical approach to intersex paediatric surgeries
Authors: Behrens Kevin G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Surgery for intersex infants should be delayed until individuals are able to decide for themselves, except where it is a medical necessity. In an ideal world, this single principle would suffice and such surgeries could be totally prohibited. Unfortunately, the world is not perfect, and, in some places, intersex neonates are at risk of being abandoned, mutilated or even killed. As long as intersex persons are at such high risk in some places, any ethical guidelines for intersex surgeries will need to take these extreme risks of harm into account.

Main text
I therefore argue for five basic principles that ought to inform ethics guidelines for surgical interventions in intersex children, specifically in contexts in which such children are at risk of significant harm. What I set out to come up with is a set of principles that do not completely prohibit surgery, but only allow it where a strong case can be made for its necessity, in the best interests of the child, and where there is some kind of oversight to prevent misuse. The first principle is that interventions as drastic as these surgeries should only be performed when there is strong evidence that they are beneficial and not harmful. The second principle is that in surgeries should normally only be performed in cases of true medical necessity. Principle three is that surgeries should normally be delayed until such time as the intersex person is mature enough to assent to treatment or decide against it. Principle four is that the conventional ethical requirements regarding truth telling apply equally to intersex children as to anyone else. The final principle is that where physicians or parents think that surgery is in the best interests of the child, the burden of proof lies with them.

Conclusion
It is hoped that these principles might help medical teams and parents make better decisions about intersex surgeries on children, and they would make such surgeries very rare indeed, if they happen at all.
The CBP KIX domain regulates long-term memory and circadian activity
Authors: Chatterjee Snehajyoti , Angelakos Christopher C. , Bahl Ethan , Hawk Joshua D. , Gaine Marie E. , Poplawski Shane G. , Schneider-Anthony Anne , Yadav Manish , Porcari Giulia S. , Cassel Jean-Christophe , Giese K. Peter , Michaelson Jacob J. , Lyons Lisa C. , Boutillier Anne-Laurence , Abel Ted 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCREB-dependent transcription necessary for long-term memory is driven by interactions with CREB-binding protein (CBP), a multi-domain protein that binds numerous transcription factors potentially affecting expression of thousands of genes. Identifying specific domain functions for multi-domain proteins is essential to understand processes such as cognitive function and circadian clocks. We investigated the function of the CBP KIX domain in hippocampal memory and gene expression using CBPKIX/KIXmice with mutations that prevent phospho-CREB (Ser133) binding.ResultsWe found that CBPKIX/KIXmice were impaired in long-term memory, but not learning acquisition or short-term memory for the Morris water maze. Using an unbiased analysis of gene expression in the dorsal hippocampus after training in the Morris water maze or contextual fear conditioning, we discovered dysregulation of CREB, CLOCK, and BMAL1 target genes and downregulation of circadian genes in CBPKIX/KIXmice. Given our finding that the CBP KIX domain was important for transcription of circadian genes, we profiled circadian activity and phase resetting in CBPKIX/KIXmice. CBPKIX/KIXmice exhibited delayed activity peaks after light offset and longer free-running periods in constant dark. Interestingly, CBPKIX/KIXmice displayed phase delays and advances in response to photic stimulation comparable to wildtype littermates. Thus, this work delineates site-specific regulation of the circadian clock by a multi-domain protein.ConclusionsThese studies provide insight into the significance of the CBP KIX domain by defining targets of CBP transcriptional co-activation in memory and the role of the CBP KIX domain in vivo on circadian rhythms.Graphical abstract
The selectivity filter of the mitochondrial protein import machinery
Authors: Kreimendahl Sebastian , Schwichtenberg Jan , Günnewig Kathrin , Brandherm Lukas , Rassow Joachim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe uptake of newly synthesized nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins from the cytosol is mediated by a complex of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins comprising a central pore-forming component and associated receptor proteins. Distinct fractions of proteins initially bind to the receptor proteins and are subsequently transferred to the pore-forming component for import. The aim of this study was the identification of the decisive elements of this machinery that determine the specific selection of the proteins that should be imported.ResultsWe identified the essential internal targeting signal of the members of the mitochondrial metabolite carrier proteins, the largest protein family of the mitochondria, and we investigated the specific recognition of this signal by the protein import machinery at the mitochondrial outer surface. We found that the outer membrane import receptors facilitated the uptake of these proteins, and we identified the corresponding binding site, marked by cysteine C141 in the receptor protein Tom70. However, in tests both in vivo and in vitro, the import receptors were neither necessary nor sufficient for specific recognition of the targeting signals. Although these signals are unrelated to the amino-terminal presequences that mediate the targeting of other mitochondrial preproteins, they were found to resemble presequences in their strict dependence on a content of positively charged residues as a prerequisite of interactions with the import pore.ConclusionsThe general import pore of the mitochondrial outer membrane appears to represent not only the central channel of protein translocation but also to form the decisive general selectivity filter in the uptake of the newly synthesized mitochondrial proteins.
Synthesis and application of magnetic@layered double hydroxide as an anti-inflammatory drugs nanocarrier
Authors: Yousefi Vahid , Tarhriz Vahideh , Eyvazi Shirin , Dilmaghani Azita 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Magnetic nanocomposites with a core–shell nanostructure have huge applications in different sciences especially in the release of the drugs, because of their exclusive physical and chemical properties. In this research, magnetic@layered double hydroxide multicore@shell nanostructure was synthesized by the facile experiment and is used as novel drug nanocarrier.

Methods
Magnetic nanospheres were synthesized by a facile one-step solvothermal route, and then, layered double hydroxide nanoflakes were prepared on the magnetic nanospheres by coprecipitation experiment. The synthesized nanostructures were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, VSM, and TEM, respectively. After intercalation with Ibuprofen and Diclofenac as anti-inflammatory drugs and using exchange anion experiment, the basal spacing of synthesized layered double hydroxides was compared with brucite nanosheets from 0.48 nm to 2.62 nm and 2.22 nm, respectively.

Results
The results indicated that Ibuprofen and Diclofenac were successfully intercalated into the interlay space of LDHs via bridging bidentate interaction. In addition, in-vitro drug release experiments in pH 7.4, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) showed constant release profiles with Ibuprofen and Diclofenac as model drugs with different lipophilicity, water solubility, size, and steric effect.

Conclusion
The Fe3O4@LDH-ibuprofen and Fe3O4@LDH-diclofenac had the advantage of the strong interaction between the carboxyl groups with higher trivalent cations by bridging bidentate, clarity, and high thermal stability. It is confirmed that Fe3O4@LDH multicore-shell nanostructure may have potential application for constant drug delivery.
Public health policy-making for hearing loss: stakeholders’ evaluation of a novel eHealth tool
Authors: Dritsakis Giorgos , Trenkova Lyubov , Śliwińska-Kowalska Mariola , Brdarić Dario , Pontoppidan Niels Henrik , Katrakazas Panagiotis , Bamiou Doris-Eva 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Hearing loss (HL) affects 466 million people of all ages worldwide, with a rapidly increasing prevalence, and therefore requires appropriate public health policies. Multi-disciplinary approaches that make use of eHealth services can build the evidence to influence public policy. The European Union-funded project EVOTION developed a platform that is fed with real-time data from hearing aids, a smartphone, and additional clinical data and makes public health policy recommendations based on hypothetical public health policy-making models, a big data engine and decision support system. The present study aimed to evaluate this platform as a new tool to support policy-making for HL.

Methods
A total of 23 key stakeholders in the United Kingdom, Croatia, Bulgaria and Poland evaluated the platform according to the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats methodology.

Results
There was consensus that the platform, with its advanced technology as well as the amount and variety of data that it can collect, has huge potential to inform commissioning decisions, public health regulations and affect healthcare as a whole. To achieve this, several limitations and external risks need to be addressed and mitigated. Differences between countries highlighted that the EVOTION tool should be used and managed according to local constraints to maximise success.

Conclusion
Overall, the EVOTION platform can equip HL policy-makers with a novel data-driven tool that can support public health policy-making for HL in the future.
Microglia dynamics in adolescent traumatic brain injury
Authors: Eyolfson Eric , Khan Asher , Mychasiuk Richelle , Lohman Alexander W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRepetitive, mild traumatic brain injuries (RmTBIs) are increasingly common in adolescents and encompass one of the largest neurological health concerns in the world. Adolescence is a critical period for brain development where RmTBIs can substantially impact neurodevelopmental trajectories and life-long neurological health. Our current understanding of RmTBI pathophysiology suggests key roles for neuroinflammation in negatively regulating neural health and function. Microglia, the brain’s resident immune population, play important roles in brain development by regulating neuronal number, and synapse formation and elimination. In response to injury, microglia activate to inflammatory phenotypes that may detract from these normal homeostatic, physiological, and developmental roles. To date, however, little is known regarding the impact of RmTBIs on microglia function during adolescent brain development. This review details key concepts surrounding RmTBI pathophysiology, adolescent brain development, and microglia dynamics in the developing brain and in response to injury, in an effort to formulate a hypothesis on how the intersection of these processes may modify long-term trajectories.
Wearable hip-assist robot modulates cortical activation during gait in stroke patients: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Lee Su-Hyun , Lee Hwang-Jae , Shim Youngbo , Chang Won Hyuk , Choi Byung-Ok , Ryu Gyu-Ha , Kim Yun-Hee 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Gait dysfunction is common in post-stroke patients as a result of impairment in cerebral gait mechanism. Powered robotic exoskeletons are promising tools to maximize neural recovery by delivering repetitive walking practice.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the modulating effect of the Gait Enhancing and Motivating System-Hip (GEMS-H) on cortical activation during gait in patients with chronic stroke. Methods. Twenty chronic stroke patients performed treadmill walking at a self-selected speed either with assistance of GEMS-H (GEMS-H) or without assistance of GEMS-H (NoGEMS-H). Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) concentration in the bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex (SMC), premotor cortices (PMC), supplemental motor areas (SMA), and prefrontal cortices (PFC) were recorded using functional near infrared spectroscopy.

Results
Walking with the GEMS-H promoted symmetrical SMC activation, with more activation in the affected hemisphere than in NoGEMS-H conditions. GEMS-H also decreased oxyHb concentration in the late phase over the ipsilesional SMC and bilateral SMA (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The results of the present study reveal that the GEMS-H promoted more SMC activation and a balanced activation pattern that helped to restore gait function. Less activation in the late phase over SMC and SMA during gait with GEMS-H indicates that GEMS-H reduces the cortical participation of stroke gait by producing rhythmic hip flexion and extension movement and allows a more coordinate and efficient gait patterns.
Trial registration NCT03048968. Registered 06 Feb 2017
The high photocatalytic efficiency and stability of LaNiO3/g-C3N4 heterojunction nanocomposites for photocatalytic water splitting to hydrogen
Authors: Ye Changyu , Wang Rui , Wang Haoyu , Jiang Fubin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A binary direct Z-scheme LaNiO3/g-C3N4 nanocomposite photocatalyst consisted with LaNiO3 nanoparticles and g-C3N4 nanosheets was successfully synthesized by means of mechanical mixing and solvothermal methods in order to improve the photocatalytic water splitting activity. The as-prepared materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and N2 adsorption–desorption experiments, respectively, demonstrating the formation of interfacial interaction and heterogeneous structure in LaNiO3/g-C3N4 nanocomposites. Under UV-light irradiation, the LaNiO3/g-C3N4 samples which without the addition of any noble metal as co-catalyst behaved enhanced photocatalytic water splitting activity compared with pure LaNiO3 and g-C3N4, owing to the Z-scheme charge carrier transfer pathway. Especially, the LaNiO3/70%g-C3N4 nanocomposite reach an optimal yield of up to 3392.50 µmol g−1 in 5 h and held a maximum H2 evolution rate of 678.5 µmol h−1 g−1 that was 5 times higher than that of pure LaNiO3.
First detection and molecular identification of Babesia sp. from the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, in China
Authors: Yue Chanjuan , Deng Zeshuai , Qi Dunwu , Li Yunli , Bi Wenlei , Ma Rui , Yang Guangyou , Luo Xue , Hou Rong , Liu Songrui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Parasitic infections are among the important causes of death of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) that hamper their survival in the wild. There are about 35 species of parasites which have been identified in giant pandas, but no information is currently available regarding the infection of Babesia in giant pandas. Babesia spp. are common intraerythrocytic parasite in wildlife, transmitted by ixodid ticks, which cause babesiosis. Clinical signs of babesiosis include fever, hemolysis, anemia, jaundice and death.

Methods
A species of Babesia was detected in the blood of a giant panda based on morphology and PCR amplification of the 18S rRNA gene. The phylogenetic relationship of Babesia sp. infecting giant panda was assessed by gene sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis.

Results
Our analysis revealed that the Babesia isolate detected was most similar to an unidentified species of Babesia identified in black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) from Japan (Babesia sp. Iwate, AB586027.1) with a 99.56% sequence similarity, followed by Babesia sp. EBB (AB566229.1, 99.50%) and Babesia sp. Akita (AB566229.1, 99.07%).

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first report of Babesia detected in the giant panda. The results indicate that this Babesia sp. may be a novel species, currently named Babesia sp. strain EBP01.
A novel automobile antenna for vehicles communication of IoT systems in 5G network
Authors: Luo Wei , Chen Wuquan , Feng Yulu , Yang Yuqi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Internet of vehicles (IoV) is an important part of mobile communication system with the development of Internet of things. A novel multiband automobile antenna is proposed, which can cover all frequency bands for the long-term evolution (LTE), the fifth generation wireless systems (5G), the wireless local area network and the dedicated short-range communication (from 690 to 944 MHz and from 1.46 to 6 GHz). The antenna is designed based on the monopole antenna, and the impedance matching performance of the antenna is improved by loading the toothed capacitor and the impedance matching disk. The simulation results show that the automobile antenna achieves good impedance matching in the working bandwidth and obtains omnidirectional radiation pattern in the horizontal direction. The electric field distribution of the antenna placed on the vehicle roof is simulated to evaluate the network performance of the antenna system in the urban environment. The transmission coefficient of the transceiver system using the automobile antenna is also analyzed based on the electromagnetic simulation results and statistical model. The blind area of mobile communication system is effectively covered with the automobile antenna, which could be used to connect the LTE cell and the IoV system.
A natural Frenet frame for null curves on the lightlike cone in Minkowski space $\mathbb{R} ^{4}_{2}$
Authors: Abazari Nemat , Bohner Martin , Sağer Ilgin , Sedaghatdoost Alireza , Yayli Yusuf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the representation of curves on the lightlike cone$\mathbb {Q}^{3}_{2}$Q23in Minkowski space$\mathbb {R}^{4}_{2}$R24by structure functions. In addition, with this representation, we classify all of the null curves on the lightlike cone$\mathbb {Q}^{3}_{2}$Q23in four types, and we obtain a natural Frenet frame for these null curves. Furthermore, for this natural Frenet frame, we calculate curvature functions of a null curve, especially the curvature function$\kappa _{2}=0$κ2=0, and we show that any null curve on the lightlike cone is a helix. Finally, we find all curves with constant curvature functions.
Prevalence of high risk obstructive sleep apnoea by Berlin questionnaire in patients with hypertension: study from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kareem Ozaifa , Tanvir Masood , Bader G. N. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA), a condition characterized by a complete or partial cessation of airflow during sleep, can cause various cardiovascular disorders including hypertension. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of OSA in patients with hypertension.

Methods
A cross-sectional prospective cohort study of 504 patients with hypertension was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital of India for a period of 6 months. OSA was evaluated using the Berlin questionnaire while the daytime sleepiness was determined using Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Data analysis was done using SPSS v. 20.

Results
High risk of OSA was identified in 120 (23.8%) patients and the prevalence of sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness score >16) was found to be 32.5% (95% CI, p < 0.001) in these patients. The mean neck circumference, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio for high-risk OSA group were 37.41 ± 3.396 cm, 105.90 ± 11.28 cm and 1.01 ± 0.065 respectively while for the low-risk group, these parameters were 35.45 ± 2.652 cm, 98.75 ± 10.87 cm and 0.99 ± 0.080 respectively (95% CI, p<0.001). The mean blood pressure (BP) ≥133.52/84.37 mmHg was recorded in patients with a high risk of OSA (95% CI, P < 0.05), and resistant hypertension (3.3%) was significantly associated with the risk of OSA (95% CI, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
In the tertiary health care setting, the prevalence of high-risk of OSA in patients with hypertension is high. Screening for OSA should be a part of the hypertensive medical investigation and patients may benefit from a proper evaluation of OSA.
Rosai-Dorfman disease: a rare presentation with para-aortic and mesenteric lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and ascites
Authors: Anbardar Mohammad Hossein , Hamzehloo Samaneh , Fazeli Fatemeh , Zareifar Soheila , Imanieh Mohammad Hadi , Bahmanzadegan Jahromi Mohammadhossein , Ghorbani Amir Mohammad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare but well-defined, histiocytic proliferative disorder with massive lymphadenopathy.

Case presentation
Herein we present the case of a 22-month-old girl with abdominal, neutrophilia, anemia, ascites, hepatosplenomegaly and fever. There were multiple enlarged mesenteric and para-aortic lymph nodes on abdominal ultrasonography and computer tomography scan. Microscopic examination of mesenteric lymph nodes showed dilation of the lymph sinuses occupied by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and many histiocytes. These histiocytes showed emperipolesis within their cytoplasm. With the diagnosis of RDD, prednisolone was started and good response was seen. However, splenomegaly and pancytopenia presented at follow up, and, after several hospital admissions, she died of sepsis.

Conclusions
RDD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric lymphadenomegaly. Although most patients experience favorable prognosis, some fatalities occur due to progression and dissemination of the disease.
Use of Preoperative Imaging in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Broome David T , Naples Robert , Bailey Richard , Tekin Zehra , Hamidi Moska , Bena James F , Morrison Shannon L , Berber Eren , Siperstein Allan E , Scharpf Joseph , Skugor Mario 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
Preoperative imaging is performed routinely to guide surgical management in primary hyperparathyroidism, but the optimal imaging modalities are debated.

Objective
Our objectives were to evaluate which imaging modalities are associated with improved cure rate and higher concordance rates with intraoperative findings. A secondary aim was to determine whether additive imaging is associated with higher cure rate.

Design, Setting, and Patients
This is a retrospective cohort review of 1485 adult patients during a 14-year period (2004-2017) at an academic tertiary referral center that presented for initial parathyroidectomy for de novo primary hyperparathyroidism.

Main Outcome Measures
Surgical cure rate, concordance of imaging with operative findings, and imaging performance.

Results
The overall cure rate was 94.1% (95% confidence interval, 0.93-0.95). Cure rate was significantly improved if sestamibi/single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was concordant with operative findings (95.9% vs. 92.5%, P = 0.010). Adding a third imaging modality did not improve cure rate (1 imaging type 91.8% vs. 2 imaging types 94.4% vs. 3 imaging types 87.2%, P = 0.59). Despite having a low number of cases (n = 28), 4-dimensional (4D) CT scan outperformed (higher sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value) all imaging modalities in multiglandular disease and double adenomas, and sestamibi/SPECT in single adenomas.

Conclusions
Preoperative ultrasound combined with sestamibi/SPECT were associated with the highest cure and concordance rates. If pathology was not found on ultrasound and sestamibi/SPECT, additional imaging did not improve the cure rate or concordance. 4D CT scan outperformed all imaging modalities in multiglandular disease and double adenomas, and sestamibi/SPECT in single adenomas, but these findings were underpowered.