bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition and Antibacterial Effect of Mint Flavorings in Candies and Food Supplements
Authors: Kapp Karmen , Orav Anne , Roasto Mati , Raal Ain , Püssa Tõnu , Vuorela Heikki , Tammela Päivi , Vuorela Pia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMint flavorings are widely used in confections, beverages, and dairy products. For the first time, mint flavoring composition of mint candies and food supplements (n = 45), originating from 16 countries, as well as their antibacterial properties, was analyzed. The flavorings were isolated by Marcussonʼs type micro-apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS. The total content of the mint flavoring hydrodistilled extracts was in the range of 0.01 – 0.9%. The most abundant compounds identified in the extracts were limonene, 1,8-cineole, menthone, menthofuran, isomenthone, menthol and its isomers, menthyl acetate. The antimicrobial activity of 13 reference substances and 10 selected mint flavoring hydrodistilled extracts was tested on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by broth dilution method. Linalool acetate and (−)-carvone, as most active against both bacteria, had the lowest MIC90 values. (+)-Menthyl acetate, (−)-menthyl acetate, and limonene showed no antimicrobial activity. Three of the tested extracts had antimicrobial activity against E. coli and 8 extracts against S. aureus. Their summary antimicrobial activity was not always in concordance with the activities of respective reference substances.
Essential Oils as a Potential Treatment Option for Pediculosis
Authors: Candy Kerdalidec , Akhoundi Mohammad , Andriantsoanirina Valérie , Durand Rémy , Bruel Christiane , Izri Arezki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPediculosis is a prevalent ectoparasite infestation caused by lice. The head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) and body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) are obligatory parasites whose only known hosts are humans. Pediculosis is probably the most common ectoparasitic infestation, affecting up to 80% of the population in several countries, and particularly prevalent in the infant population worldwide. Several treatment options, including shampoos and creams containing insecticides, have been introduced for the treatment of pediculosis. Recently, the use of synthetic chemicals to control human lice has raised concerns pertaining to human health and the environment. Therefore, increasing efforts have been undertaken to develop effective pediculicides with low environmental toxicity and minimal environmental residual activity. In this study, we focus on the essential oils derived from 22 plant genera, their constituents, and the major factors that play important roles in the effectiveness of these oils in the treatment of pediculosis. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the mentioned essential oils, and ultimately suggest those demonstrating the most effective in vitro pediculicidal activities. The genera such as Aloysia, Cinnamomum, Eucalyptus, Eugenia, Lavandula, Melaleuca, Mentha, Myrcianthes, Origanum, Pimpinella, and Thymus appear to be more efficient against lice. These genera are rich in anethole, 1,8-cineole, cinnamaldehyde, p-cymene, eugenol, linalool, limonene, pulegone, terpinen-4-ol, and thymol compounds.
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE MUSCULOCUTANEOUS AND MEDIAN NERVE: OCCURRENCE ON BOTH SIDES
Authors: K. Remya , Krishnamurthy Ashwin , K. Kavitha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCommunications between musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve may be of considerable significance to neurologists and orthopaedicians when dealing with patients of nerve entrapment syndromes of the upper limb. Many authors have mentioned about an occurrence of such a variation previously, but the presence of a communication between the two nerves in both the arms has not been cited to the best of our knowledge. During routine dissection on a 72 year old male cadaver for the under graduate students in the Department of Anatomy at K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, we encountered an anomalous communication between musculocutaneous and median nerve in both the upper limbs. The communicating branch arose from the musculocutaneous nerve at a distance of 12.6 cm and 12.5 cm from the tip of coracoid process on right and left side and joined the median nerve 16.2 cm from the same bony point. Communications between nerves like this may explain abnormal debilities in certain cases of trauma of the upper arm. Lack of awareness of such variations with different patterns of communications between musculocutaneous and median nerve might complicate surgical repair of the nerves.
A STUDY ON MORPHOLOGY OF THE BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE
Authors: Avadhani Ramakrishna , Chakravarthi K. Kalyan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe anatomical variations and abnormalities of the muscles of the upper limb have become significant because of new imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Among the three muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm, a very uncommon anomaly of the biceps is having three or more heads. Knowledge of the existence of the three headed or four headed biceps brachii may become significant in preoperative diagnosis and during surgery of the upper limb. The present study was undertaken to observe the anomalous origin, insertion and the incidence of three or more heads biceps brachii in the adult human cadavers. This study was carried out on 24 human cadavers at Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha institute of medical sciences & research foundation (Dr. PSIMS & R.F) Gannavaram; Krishna Dist; A.P. Variant biceps brachii may cause compression of neurovascular structures because of their close relationship to brachial artery and median nerve. The surgeons and traumatologists have to keep such muscular variations in mind.
ADULT BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE AMONG MEDICAL AND DENTAL INTERNS COMPLETING INTERNSHIP FROM DEEMED UNIVERSITY
Authors: Sharma Raghava , Attar Nazir R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study was aimed to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards basic life support (BLS) among the interns completing their internship from both medical and dental streams of the Nitte university (a deemed university at Mangalore, Karnataka) and also to identify the areas to be addressed for improving the standards of BLS among the interns at their crucial juncture of moving out to the community, society as health care providers.A descriptive study was conducted by using a Questionnaire comprising of 19 questions to collect the data pertaining to demographic details, awareness and knowledge of BLS, attitude towards BLS among all the medical and dental interns completing their internship during March 2012. The study was conducted in the last week of their one year internship programme.After excluding the incomplete response sheets which were none in the present study, the data from 162 interns were subjected to the analysis. The Main outcome measure was the over all score in the BLS knowledge. Knowledge of BLS was assessed as per the data contained in the Basic life support manual from American Heart Association.The results were drawn based on the comparisons between Medical and Dental streams and also with in each stream. Out of 162 interns, 84 were medical interns and 78 were dental interns. All of them (100%) were aware of the BLS and its usefulness. 16 (19%) medical interns had complete knowledge of BLS while none (0%) among dental interns had complete knowledge of BLS. A score of less than 50% was evident in 37(44%) of medical interns and 69(88%) of dental interns thus indicating a poor knowledge of BLS among both medical and dental interns who were completing their internship. However medical interns scored better in comparison to dental interns. Resuscitation experience (performing BLS) and Training (attending BLS work shop) resulted in better BLS knowledge and better scoring pattern among the medical interns thus boosting the confidence among interns. (Statistically significant with P < 0.05).Present study highlights the need for a structured training of BLS and inclusion of BLS in the Medical and Dental academic curriculum.
Dupuytren’s Contracture with Secondary Ulnar Neuropathy
Authors: Ng Chen Fei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Dupuytren’s disease is a progressive fibrotic condition of the hand. The underlying pathomechanism is not fully known. Dupuytren’s contracture can be seen in patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic alcoholism, smoking, or hand trauma. It is uncommon to affect the neurovascular supply causing clinical symptoms. We describe a patient with idiopathic Dupuytren’s disease complicated with bilateral ulnar neuropathies and highlight the importance of such rare treatable complication.
Maternal Health after Stillbirth: Postpartum Hospital Readmission in California
Authors: Wall-Wieler Elizabeth , Butwick Alexander J. , Gibbs Ronald S. , Lyell Deirdre J. , Girsen Anna I. , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Carmichael Suzan L. 
Published: May 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to assess whether the risk of postpartum readmission within 6 weeks of giving birth differs for women who had stillbirths compared with live births.
Study Design Using data from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development in California, we performed a population-based cohort study of 7,398,640 births between 1999 and 2011. We identified diagnoses and procedures associated with the first postpartum hospital readmission that occurred within 6 weeks after giving birth. We used log-binomial models to estimate relative risk (RR) of postpartum readmission for women who had stillbirth compared with live birth deliveries, adjusting for maternal demographic, prepregnancy, pregnancy, and delivery characteristics.
Results The rate of postpartum readmission was higher among women who had stillbirths compared with women who had live births (206 and 96 per 10,000 births, respectively). After adjusting for maternal demographic and medical characteristics, the risk of postpartum readmission for women who had stillbirths was nearly 1.5 times greater (adjusted RR = 1.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.35–1.60) compared with live births. Among women with stillbirths, the most common indications at readmission were uterine infection or pelvic inflammatory disease, psychiatric conditions, hypertensive disorder, and urinary tract infection.
Conclusion Based on our findings, women who have stillbirths are at higher risk of postpartum readmissions within 6 weeks of giving birth than women who have live births. Women who have stillbirths may benefit from additional monitoring and counseling after hospital discharge for potential postpartum medical and psychiatric complications.
Key Points
A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF EXPECTANT FATHERS IN MANGALORE
Authors: Joy Riya , Paul Shynee 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe study was conducted to explore the unique experiences of expectant fathers. The research approach used in this study was Phenomenology. Six expectant fathers who met the inclusion criteria were selected using purposive sampling technique from the OPD unit of the Fr. Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangalore and a private antenatal clinic, Saurabh clinic in Mangalore.In depth interviews were conducted in a selected room in the antenatal clinic with all privacy Colaizzi's data analysisframework was used to analyze the transcripts in this study From the analysis of the data, five themes emerged from the experiences of expectant fathers and they were as follows:Theme 1: Happiness and satisfaction - the response to pregnancy, Theme 2: Relationship with wife- Physically and emotionally, Theme 3: A change in social life, Theme 4: Coping with Pregnancy, Theme 5: Expectations about the baby
To Evaluate Shear Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Theracal Lc, Biodentine, and Resin–Modified Glass Ionomer Cement and Mode of Fracture: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Mehra Salil , Gupta Ashu K. , Singh Bhanu Pratap , Kaur Mandeep , Kumar Ashwath 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction The aim of the current study was to evaluate shear bond strength of resin composite bonded to Theracal LC, Biodentine, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) using universal adhesive and mode of fracture.
Materials and Methods A total of 50 caries-free maxillary and mandibular molars extracted were taken; occlusal cavities were prepared, mounted in acrylic blocks, and divided into five groups based on the liner used. Group 1: Biodentine liner placed into the cavity and bonding agent and resin composite applied after 12 minutes. Group 2: Biodentine liner placed into the cavity and bonding agent and resin composite applied after 14 days. Group 3: RMGIC liner placed into the cavity and bonding agent and resin composite applied immediately. Group 4: RMGIC liner placed into the cavity and bonding agent and resin composite applied after 7 days. Group 5: Theracal LC liner placed into the cavity and bonding agent and resin composite applied immediately. Each sample was bonded to resin composite using universal adhesive. Shear bond strength analysis was performed at a cross-head speed of 0.1 mm/min.
Statistical Analysis  Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance and posthoc Bonferroni test using SPSS version 22.0.
Results and Conclusion Biodentine liner when bonded immediately to resin composite showed minimum shear bond strength. RMGIC when bonded to resin composite after 7 days showed maximum shear bond strength. Mode of fracture was predominantly cohesive in groups having Biodentine and Theracal LC as liner.
Are donkey sentences and bare conditionals family or friends?
Authors: Lin Wei-ling Eileen , Chen Chun-yin Doris , Fernandez-Salgueiro Gerardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates children’s first language acquisition of donkey sentences and bare conditionals in Mandarin Chinese, both of which are concerned with quantification. Kindergarteners, Grade 2 and Grade 4 were recruited for experimental groups, each group consisting of 18 subjects, and 18 adults comprised a control group against which to compare their interpretations. Each subject finished two Truth-Value Judgment tasks, which were sentences in isolation and sentences in context. The results of this research identified a developmental pattern regarding the acquisition of donkey sentences and bare conditionals in Mandarin Chinese. It was found that overall children under seven years of age had difficulty interpreting quantificational sentences. First, concerning the relatedness of the two constructions, all four groups showed a tendency to find donkey sentences easier to interpret than bare conditionals. With respect to contextual effects, by Grade 2, children could obtain adult-like interpretations of donkey sentences in a biasing context, but it was not until they were in Grade 4 that they could interpret both donkey sentences and bare conditionals in their supporting context with adult-like readings. As a result, the subjects’ interpretations were greatly affected by context, but the two constructions were affected in different ways.
CD73+ extracellular vesicles inhibit angiogenesis through adenosine A2B receptor signalling
Authors: Angioni Roberta , Liboni Cristina , Herkenne Stephanie , Sánchez‐Rodríguez Ricardo , Borile Giulia , Marcuzzi Elisabetta , Calì Bianca , Muraca Maurizio , Viola Antonella 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTPathological angiogenesis is a hallmark of several conditions including eye diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Stromal cells play a crucial role in regulating angiogenesis through the release of soluble factors or direct contact with endothelial cells. Here, we analysed the properties of the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and explored the possibility of using them to therapeutically target angiogenesis. We demonstrated that in response to pro‐inflammatory cytokines, MSCs produce EVs that are enriched in TIMP‐1, CD39 and CD73 and inhibit angiogenesis targeting both extracellular matrix remodelling and endothelial cell migration. We identified a novel anti‐angiogenic mechanism based on adenosine production, triggering of A2B adenosine receptors, and induction of NOX2‐dependent oxidative stress within endothelial cells. Finally, in pilot experiments, we exploited the anti‐angiogenic EVs to inhibit tumour progression in vivo. Our results identify novel pathways involved in the crosstalk between endothelial and stromal cell and suggest new therapeutic strategies to target pathological angiogenesis.
Advanced data analysis procedure for hard x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity discussed for Pt thin film samples of various complexity
Authors: Krieft Jan , Graulich Dominik , Moskaltsova Anastasiia , Bouchenoire Laurence , Francoual Sonia , Kuschel Timo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
X-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity (XRMR) is a powerful method to determine the optical, structural and magnetic depth profiles of a variety of thin film systems. Here, we investigate samples of different complexity all measured at the Pt

L

3

absorption edge to determine the optimal procedure for the analysis of the experimental XRMR curves, especially for nontrivial bi- and multilayer samples that include differently bonded Pt from layer to layer. The software tool ReMagX is used to fit these data and model the magnetooptic depth profiles based on a highly adaptable layer stack which is modified to be a more precise and physically consistent representation of the real multilayer system. Various fitting algorithms, iterative optimization approaches and a detailed analysis of the asymmetry ratio features as well as χ
2 (goodness of fit) landscapes are utilized to improve the agreement between measurements and simulations. We present a step-by-step analysis procedure tailored to the Pt thin film systems to take advantage of the excellent magnetic sensitivity and depth resolution of XRMR.
One-pot synthesis of manganese oxide/graphene composites via a plasma-enhanced electrochemical exfoliation process for supercapacitors
Authors: Dang Minh Nhat , Nguyen Thanh Hai , Nguyen To Van , Thu Tran Viet , Le Hoang , Akabori Masashi , Ito Nobuaki , Nguyen Hai Yen , Le Trong Lu , Nguyen Tuan Hong , Nguyen Van Thao , Phan Ngoc Hong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this work, a feasible one-pot approach to synthesize manganese oxide/graphene composites, the so-called plasma-enhanced electrochemical exfoliation process (PE3P), has been developed. Herein, a composite of graphene decorated with manganese oxide nanoparticles was prepared via PE3P from a KMnO4 solution and graphite electrode under a voltage of 70 V in an ambient environment. By controlling the initial KMnO4 concentration, we obtained distinct MnO2/graphene samples. The prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical measurements of the MnO2/graphene composites revealed that the specific capacitance of the samples is approximately 320 F g–1 at a scan rate of 10 mV s–1, which is comparably very high for manganese oxide/carbon-based supercapacitor electrode materials. Considering the simple, low-cost, one-step and environmentally friendly preparation, our approach has the potential to be used for the fabrication of MnO2/graphene composites as the electrode materials of supercapacitors.
Deformable image registration of the treatment planning CT with proton radiographies in perspective of adaptive proton therapy
Authors: Palaniappan Prasannakumar , Meyer Sebastian , Kamp Florian , Belka Claus , Riboldi Marco , Parodi Katia , Gianoli Chiara 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to investigate the potentiality of using a limited number of in-room proton radiographies to compensate anatomical changes in adaptive proton therapy. The treatment planning CT is adapted to the treatment delivery scenario relying on 2D-3D deformable image registration (DIR). The proton radiographies, expressed in water equivalent thickness (WET) are simulated for both list-mode and integration-mode detector configurations in pencil beam scanning. Geometrical and analytical simulations of an anthropomorphic phantom in the presence of anatomical changes due to breathing are adopted. A Monte Carlo simulation of proton radiographies based on a clinical CT image in the presence of artificial anatomical changes is also considered. The accuracy of the 2D-3D DIR, calculated as root mean square error, strongly depends on the considered anatomical changes and is considered adequate for promising adaptive proton therapy when comparable to the accuracy of conventional 3D-3D DIR. In geometrical simulation, this is achieved with a minimum of eight/nine radiographies (more than 90% accuracy). Negligible improvement (sim1%) is obtained with the use of 180 radiographies. Comparing different detector configurations, superior accuracy is obtained with list-mode than integration-mode max (WET with maximum occurrence) and mean (average WET weighted by occurrences). Moreover, integration-mode max performs better than integration-mode mean. Results are minimally affected by proton statistics. In analytical simulation, the anatomical changes are approximately compensated (about 60%–70% accuracy) with two proton radiographies and minor improvement is observed with nine proton radiographies. In clinical data, two proton radiographies from list-mode have demonstrated better performance than nine from integration-mode (more than 100% and about 50%–70% accuracy, respectively), even avoiding the finer grid spacing of the last numerical optimization stage. In conclusion, the choice of detector configuration as well as the amount and complexity of the considered anatomical changes determine the minimum number of radiographies to be used.
Asymmetric-waveguide, short cavity designs with a bulk active layer for high pulsed power eye-safe spectral range laser diodes
Authors: Ryvkin Boris S , Avrutin Eugene A , Kostamovaara Juha T 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
It is shown, by calculations calibrated against the authors’ recent experimental data, that an eye-safe wavelength range InGaAsP/InP high pulsed power laser design using a bulk active layer, which has a large refractive index step with respect to the optical confinement layer and is located close to the p-cladding, can provide substantial performance improvement compared to the best results achieved so far for this operating regime and wavelength. The dependence of the laser performance on the design parameters such as the thicknesses of the active layer and the waveguide, as well as the cavity length, are analysed. It is shown that the relatively thick bulk active layer in such InGaAsP/InP lasers allows the use of short cavity lengths (∼1 mm or even shorter), for achieving high pulsed power while maintaining a low p-cladding series resistance (making for high efficiency) and a narrow far field (making for high brightness). A single-asymmetry structure with the asymmetric active layer location but symmetric optical confinement layer/cladding refractive index steps gives performance only marginally inferior to that of a double-asymmetric one including asymmetric refractive index steps.