bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P53/DRAM/ autophagy - a new target for improving the therapeutic effect of anti-VEGF on intraocular neovascularization
Authors: Wang Yi , Yang Yao , Li Rong , Wu Binghui , Lu Huiqin , Cheng Jing , Liu Zhe , Du Junhui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Backgroud Recurrence of intraocular neovascularization is a major clinical problem. Anti-VEGF drugs are the main treatment for intraocular neovascularization currently. However, anti-VEGF drugs can activate endothelial autophagy and weaken the therapeutic effect. This study aims to elucidate the effect and mechanism of anti-VEGF drugs on autophagy of vascular endothelial cells. Methods RF/6A cells were randomly divided into five groups: The control group, hypoxia group (1% O2、5% CO2、94% N2), anti-VEGF group(group1:Ranibizumab 100ug/ml; group2: Aflibercept, 400ug/ml; group3: Conbercept, 100ug/ml) and autophagy inhibition group(3-MA or CQ) which was corresponding to anti-VEGF group. Autophagy-related proteins were examined by Western blot. RFP-GFP-LC3 was used to detect autophagy and autophagic flow. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation. Flow cytometry and Tunel was used to detect cell apoptosis. Cell migration and tube formation were assessed by wound assay and matrix method, respectively. Results Ranibizumab and Conbercept can triger autophagy in hypoxia condition in RF/6A cells, while Aflibercept can inhibit autophagy. Conbercept combined with autophagy inhibitor (3-MA or CQ) could inhibit cell migration and tube formation of RF/6A cells more effectively in hypoxia condition. For mechanism, p53 and DRAM proteins paly an important role in Conbercept induced autophagy. Inhibition of P53 can suppressed the autophagy induced by Conbercept. Conclusion Ranibizumab and Conbercept can triger the autophagy of vascular endothelial cells while Aflibercept can inhibit it. The combination of ranibizumab/ Concept and autophagy inhibitor can significantly inhibit the formation of angiogenesis in vitro. The mechanism of autophagy activation is related to the activation of p53 / DRAM pathway.
Oral Pyruvate Protection of Dorsal Root Ganglia in Simulated Weightlessness Rats
Authors: Li Yuan , Zhang Heng , Ren Ning-Tao , Chen Chao , Qi Peng , Zhou Fang-Qiang , Cui Geng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies demonstrate that long-tern microgravity induces multi-organ injury and dysfunction, including the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) damage. This study investigated oral pyruvate protective effects on lumbar 5 (L5) DRG nerve tissues in rats subjected to hindlimb unweighting (HU).Results: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n=10): control group (Group CON), suspension group (Group SUS), normal saline group (Group SAL) and sodium pyruvate group (Group PYR), respectively. The rats of SUS, SAL and PYR groups were simulated with microgravity by tail suspension of HU for 8 weeks. Rats in Groups SAL and PYR fed with normal saline and pyruvate saline, respectively. Histopathological and immunofluorescence examinations were conducted and levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ATP and ATPase were measured in DRG tissues; L5 spinal cord scans were also carried out in rats following HU. Results showed that the HU resulted in significant alterations in DRG nerve tissues’ structure and function in Groups SUS and SAL, whereas morphological changes were not significantly distinguished between Group PYR and Group CON; GDNF, GFAP, ATP and ATPase levels were mostly preserved in Group PYR, but still worse than in Group CON. The significance of oral pyruvate protection against DRG injury following HU and the dose and formula of oral pyruvate solutions were discussed for use in astronauts’ spaceflight.Conclusions: oral pyruvate effectively protected L5 DRG from pathological alterations and dysfunction induced by the HU in rats. Further studies and clinical trials are warranted.
Increased uptake of fluorine-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F18-FDG) in the spleen: A novel marker for severe Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease
Authors: Seong Hye , Jeong Yong Hyu , ji Lee Woon , Kim Jun Hyoung , Kim Jung Ho , Ahn Jin Young , Jeong Su Jin , Choi Jun Yong , Park Yoon Soo , Yeom Joon Sup , Song Young Goo , Cho Arthur , Ku Nam Su 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD), known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is an Asian-endemic disease of unknown etiology. Although KFD is usually self-limiting and benign, patients with prolonged systemic symptoms often have frequent hospital visits, long admission durations, and missed workdays. Immune-modulating drugs are used to shorten the clinical course in severe KFD. However, as there are no established severity markers, administration of these drugs is often arbitrary or delayed. We aimed to investigate the role of fluorine-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F18-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F18-FDG PET/CT) in KFD and to evaluate its performance as a disease severity marker. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 31 adult patients with pathologically confirmed KFD who underwent F18-FDG PET/CT between November 2007 and April 2018 at a tertiary care referral hospital. Disease severity was assessed using the criteria based on clinical manifestations of advanced KFD. The number of systemic activated lymph nodes and severity of splenic activation were determined using semi-quantitative and volumetric PET/CT parameters. Results: The median value of the mean splenic standardized uptake value (SUV mean ) was higher in the 23 patients with severe KFD (1.79±0.99 vs. 2.38±1.18, p =0.058). Patients with severe KFD presented with more systemically activated volume and glycolytic activity than those with mild KFD (total lesion glycolysis: 473.5±504.4 vs 201.6±363.5, p =0.024). Multivariate logistic regression showed that myalgia (odds ratio [OR], 0.035; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.001-0.792; p =0.035), total lymph node SUV max (cutoff, 9.27) (OR, 24.734; 95% CI, 1.323-462.407; p =0.032), and spleen SUV mean (cutoff, 1.79) (OR, 37.770; 95% CI, 1.769-806.583; p =0.020) were significantly associated with severe KFD. Conclusions: We suggest that 18 F-FDG PET/CT can be a useful tool for clinical workup in the predicting clinical course of KFD as a complement to laboratory and clinical findings to establish the severity.
Spatial Distribution and Modeling of malnutrition among under-five Children in Ethiopia
Authors: Lemessa Reta , Tafese Ararso , Aga Gudeta 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Majority of this world is concerned by malnutrition. Ethiopia is one of the Sub Saharan African countries known by poverty, childhood diseases, high mortality and poor infrastructures and technology. The study aimed to examine differences within individuals and between clusters in nutritional status of under-five children and to identify socioeconomic factors using adequate nutrition of children in Ethiopia.
Method:

Data was obtained from Ethiopian 2019 Mini Demographic and Health Survey surveyed by Ethiopian Public Health Institute. A weighted sub- sample of 8768 under-five children was drawn from the dataset. Spatial statistics was used to analysis spatial variations of malnutrition of children in clusters of regional areas of Ethiopia. Multilevel modeling was used to look at demographic, socioeconomic factors at individuals and clusters levels.
Result

At national level the proportion of stunting, underweight and wasting among under-five children were 39.5 percent, 29.8 percent and 15.4 percent respectively. The Global Moran Index’s value for children malnutrition result in Ethiopia was (for stunting I = 0.204, P-value = < 0.0001, for underweight I = 0.195, P-value = < 0.0001 and for wasting I = 0.152, P-value = < 0.0001). Spatial variability of malnutrition of under-five children across the clusters of Ethiopia observed. Result of heterogeneity between clusters obtained was

{X}^{2}=147.25, {X}^{2}=211.43 and {X}^{2}=201.43
respectively for stunting, underweight and wasting with P = < 0.0001 providing evidences of variation among regional clusters with respect to the status of nutrition of under-five children. Multilevel model result revealed that high differences of malnutrition in individual households and regional clusters in the under-five children in Ethiopia.
Conclusion

The model showed that there were spatial variations in malnutrition among clusters in Ethiopia. Child age in month, breast feeding, family educational level, wealth index, place of residence, media access and region were highly significantly associated with childhood malnutrition. Inclusion of explanatory variables in multilevel model has shown that a significant impact on variation in malnutrition among individual households and regional clusters. Accessible resources, promoting education, use media to expand activities regarding nutritional and health services and through health workers and health institutions in Ethiopia is significant.
Analysis of Postural Control in Sitting by Pressure Mapping in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis, Spinal Cord Injury and Friedreich's Ataxia
Authors: Reguera-García María Mercedes , Leirós-Rodríguez Raquel , Álvarez-Barrio Lorena , Fradejas Beatriz Alonso-Cortés 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The tools available for the postural control assessment in patients with neurological diseases lack reliability and sensitivity to small changes in patient functionality. The appearance of pressure mapping has allowed quantitative evaluation of postural control in sitting. This study was carried out todetermine the evaluations in pressure mapping and verifying whether they are different between the three sample groups (multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and Friedreich's ataxia), and to determine whether the pressure mapping is more sensitive than functional tests. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a random sample of 10 adult patients with neurological involvement. The tests applied were: pressure mapping, seated Lateral Reach Test, seated Functional Reach Test, Berg Balance Scale, Posture and Postural Ability Scale, Function in Sitting Test, and Trunk Control Test.Results: The pressure mapping showed a higher mean pressure in the people with Friedreich's ataxia compared to other groups. The highest values of maximum pressure and the area of contact were found in users with spinal cord injury.Conclusions: People with different neurological pathologies and similar results in functional tests have very different results in the pressure mapping. The relation between the pressure mapping variables and the functional tests were numerous, especially in the multiple sclerosis group.
Clinical severity and epidemiological spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 in children – comparison with influenza
Authors: Pokorska-Śpiewak Maria , Talarek Ewa , Popielska Jolanta , Nowicka Karolina , Ołdakowska Agnieszka , Zawadka Konrad , Kowalik-Mikołajewska Barbara , Tomasik Anna , Dobrzeniecka Anna , Lipińska Marta , Krynicka-Czech Beata , Coupland Urszula , Stańska-Perka Aleksandra , Ludek Małgorzata , Marczyńska Magdalena 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Data on the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children are limited, and studies from Europe are scarce. We analyzed the clinical severity and epidemiologic aspects of COVID-19 in consecutive children aged 0 – 18 years, referred with a suspicion of COVID-19 between February 1, and April 15, 2020. RT-PCR on a nasopharyngeal swab was used to confirm COVID-19. 319 children met the criteria of a suspected case. COVID-19 was diagnosed in 15/319 (4.7%) patients (8 male; mean age 10.5 years). All of them had household contact with an infected relative. Five (33.3%) patients were asymptomatic. In 9/15 (60.0%) children, the course of the disease was mild, and in 1/15 (6.7%), it was moderate, with the following symptoms: fever (46.7%), cough (40%), diarrhea (20%), vomiting (13.3%), rhinitis (6.7%), and shortness of breath (6.7%). In the COVID-19-negative patients, other infections were confirmed, including influenza in 32/319 (10%). The clinical course of COVID-19 and influenza differed significantly based on the clinical presentation. In conclusion, the clinical course of COVID-19 in children is usually mild or asymptomatic. In children suspected of having COVID-19, other infections should not be overlooked. The main risk factor for COVID-19 in children is household contact with an infected relative.
Potential activity of a selected natural compounds on SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase, and binding affinity of the receptor-binding domain (RBD)
Authors: Altayeb Hisham , Bouslama Lamjed , Abdulhakimc Jawaher Abdualbaqi , Chaieb Kamel , Baothman Othman A. S. , Zamzami Mazin A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and represents the causative agent of a potentially lethal disease. COVID-19 has been described as a significant global public health pandemic by the World Health Organization due to its high mortality rate, rapid spread, and the lack of drugs and vaccines for it. Active antiviral drugs are desperately needed to combat the potential return of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).In this study, we selected 39 natural compounds present in plants, algae, and sponges with antiviral activity. Molecular docking was used to screen the compounds’ activity on SARS- CoV-2 RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase, receptor-binding domain (RBD), and the human ACE2 receptor. Compounds with binding energy ≤ -6.5 kcal/mol enter pre-clinical testing using in silco ADME/Tox (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity).We found eight potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors: (glycyrrhizin, rutin, baicalin, 1, 6-di-O- galloyl-beta-D-glucose, pyropheophorbide A, pheophorbide A, beta-Sitosterol, and vitexin). These outcomes indicate that these compounds could be potential candidates to be utilized in lead optimization for the design and production of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug.
Seasonal Variation in Gut Microbiota Composition: Comparative Analysis of Siberian Musk Deer (Moschus moschiferus) and Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii)
Authors: Su Rina , Erdenedalai Myagmarsuren , Dalai Menggen , Batkhuu L , Chi Chimedragchaa , Hasi Surong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Musk deer is famous for its secretion of musk, but due to various factors that the musk deer population has dropped sharply and it is difficult to expand herd sizes. In light of the rapid development of agriculture and technology, as well as the urgent need for wildlife conservation, research on the gut microbiota of musk deer is warranted. The gut microbiota impacts host health is shaped by dietary, environmental, and host factors.Results: We studied the gut microbiota in Siberian musk and Forest musk deer using high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Fecal samples were collected during two seasons to determine associations between community diversity, composition, and seasonal factors. The results show that the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla in both species, their relative abundance was significantly different with species and seasonal factors. The Siberian musk deer population sampled in this study had a wider feeding range and no dietary limitations. Affected by the richness and type of food sources, the microbial α-diversity is higher in summer than winter. In the siberian musk deer have only Tenericutes significant difference with the season change. Conclusions:The gut bacterial composition of these two musk deer is significantly different, and the abundance of core bacteria is affected by seasonal factors. This study is the first to analyze the composition of the gut microflora in Siberian musk deer, and these results provide a foundation for improving feeding for musk deer populations and further studies investigating the environmental impact of musk deer.
Kir6.1 improves cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy via the AKT-Foxo1 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Jinxin , Bai Jing , Duan Peng , Wang Hao , Li Yang , Zhu Qinglei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) severely impairs the health of diabetic patients. Previous studies have shown that the expression of inwardly rectifying potassium channel 6.1 (Kir6.1) in heart mitochondria is significantly reduced in type 1 diabetes. However, whether its expression and function are changed and what role it plays in type 2 DCM have not been reported. This study investigated the role and mechanism of Kir6.1 in DCM.Methods: The cardiac function in mice was analyzed by echocardiography, ELISA, hematoxylin and eosin staining, TUNEL and transmission electron microscopy. The mitochondrial function in cardiomyocytes was measured by the oxygen consumption rate and the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Kir6.1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting (WB), respectively. The protein expression of t-AKT, p-AKT, t-Foxo1, and p-Foxo1 was analyzed by WB.Results: We found that the cardiac function and the Kir6.1 expression in DCM mice were decreased. Kir6.1 overexpression improved cardiac dysfunction and upregulated the phosphorylation of AKT and Foxo1 in the DCM mouse model. Furthermore, Kir6.1 overexpression also improved cardiomyocyte dysfunction and upregulated the phosphorylation of AKT and Foxo1 in cardiomyocytes with insulin resistance. In contrast, cardiac-specific Kir6.1 knockout aggravated the cardiac dysfunction and downregulated the phosphorylation of AKT and Foxo1 in DCM mice. Furthermore, Foxo1 activation downregulated the expression of Kir6.1 and decreased the ΔΨm in cardiomyocytes. In contrast, Foxo1 inactivation upregulated the expression of Kir6.1 and increased the ΔΨm in cardiomyocytes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that the Kir6.1 promoter region contains a functional Foxo1-binding site .Conclusions: Kir6.1 improves cardiac dysfunction in DCM, probably through the AKT-Foxo1 signaling pathway. Moreover, the crosstalk between Kir6.1 and the AKT-Foxo1 signaling pathway may provide new strategies for reversing the defective signaling in DCM.
The role of chest CT quantitative pulmonary inflammatory index in the evaluation of the course and treatment outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Peng Song , Chen Jinqing , Zhang Wendy , Zhang Bangjun , Liu Zhifeng , Liu Lang , Wu Zhaofeng , Fu Rui , Li Xiuhua , Lv Fajin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: To explore the clinical application value of chest CT quantitative pulmonary inflammation index (PII) in the evaluation of the course and treatment outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia.Methods: One hundred and eighteen patients with COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosed by RT-PCR were analyzed retrospectively. The correlation between chest CT PII, clinical symptoms and laboratory examinations during the entire hospitalization period was compared.Results: The average age of the patients was 46.0 ± 15 (range: 1-74) years. Of the 118 patients, 62 are male (52.5%) and 56 are female (47.5%). Among them, 116 patients recovered and were discharged, 2 patients died, and the median length of hospital stay was 22 (range: 9-41) days. On admission, 76.3% of the patients presented with fever, and the laboratory studies showed a decrease in lymphocyte (LYM) count and an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, C-reactive protein(CRP) levels , and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Within the studies’ chest CTs, the median number of involved lung lobes was 4 (range: 0-5) and the median number of involved lung segments was 9 (range 0-20). The left lower lobe and the right lower lobe were the areas most likely to be involved (89.0% and 83.9%), and 84.7% of the patients had inflammatory changes in both lungs. The main manifestations on chest CT were ground glass opacities (31.4%), ground glass opacities and consolidation (20.3%), ground glass opacities and reticular patterns (32.2%), mixed type (13.6%), and white lungs (1.7%); common accompanying signs included linear opacities (55.9%), air bronchograms (46.6%), thick small vessel shadows (36.4%), and pleural hypertrophy (13.6%). The chest CT at discharge showed complete absorption of lesions in 19 cases (16.1%), but not in the remaining 99 cases. Lesions remained in a median of 3 lung lobes (range: 0-5). Residual lesions remained in a median of 5 lung segments (range: 0-20). The residual lesions mainly presented as ground glass opacities (61.0%), and the main accompanying sign was linear opacities (59.3%). Based on chest CT, the median maximum PII of lungs was 30.0% (range: 0-97.5%), and the median PII after discharge in the patients excluding the two deaths was 12.5% (range: 0-53.0%). PII was significantly negatively correlated with the LYM count and significantly positively correlated with body temperature, LDH, CRP, and ESR. There was no significant correlation between the PII and the white blood cell count, but the grade of PII correlated well with the clinical classification.Conclusion: PII can be used to monitor the severity and the treatment outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia, provide help for clinical classification, assist in treatment plan adjustments and aid assessments for discharge.
REDESAIN INKLUSIF DAN PENINGKATAN AKSESIBILITAS LAYANAN UNTUK BERBAGAI PENGGUNA DI PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN PETRA
Authors: Tanuwidjaja Gunawan , Wulandari Dian , Kristanto Luciana 
Published: June 2020

Title: Inclusive Design and Service Accessibility Improvement for Various Users in Petra Christian University Library
In the context of Indonesia, Act No. 8 of 2016 actually recognizes the rights of the disabled. Unfortunately, the UNCRPD implementation seems not quite effective. Many educational facilities are not accessible for the disabled or the People with Disabilities. The learning environment has an indirect impact on student achievement, creating a positive attitude, higher motivation for learning and no doubt better performance. The accessibility aspect of learning places is crucial for educational facilities such as university Library. Petra Christian University (UKP) is located in the heart of Wonocolo District, Surabaya, East Java-Indonesia. With the motto "Learning zone that cares ". Library@Petra wants to be a learning center that caters to academics, and practitioners. Library@Petra is the largest and most complete academic library in East Java. On the other hand, many users find accessibility barriers to Library@Petra-owned facilities built in the 1980 's. Accessibility issues for all users are generated from Focus Group discussion (FGD) discussions, involving people with disabilities, elderly, pregnant women following children in accordance with User – Centered Principle. The Library@Petra redesign was submitted based on the principles of inclusive design submitted by Tanuwidjaja (2015). An Equitable Use but Reasonable Principle will be met through providing a help corner for users with special needs, accessible pathways and space to spin, as well as accessible meeting and toilet areas. Simple and Intuitive Use Principle will be filled with braille/visual and directional guides for the blind and other. The principle of requiring Low Physical Effort applied to accessible toilets and assistance to retrieve books in specific areas that are hard to reach, computers for users with special needs (blind users) are provided for reading, to access e-books and catalogs. Prohibition of Usage Error is recommended with the installation of a fence as high as 150 cm around the elevator aisle and anti-slippery floor. These recommendations were found difficult to be addressed because of the limited university's budget and the use of active Library@Petra throughout the year. Therefore, it is proposed a Special Assistance Corner for special users including disability as a first step. This corner is equipped with a dedicated User Service desk, a waiting couch and three computer stations for visual disabilities to read ebook and catalogue sites. Recommendation of this case is the higher nvolvement of People with Disabilites in inclusive design.