bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-level social-ecological networks in a payments for ecosystem services programme in central Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Langle-Flores Alfonso , Aguilar Rodríguez Adriana , Romero-Uribe Humberto , Ros-Cuéllar Julia , Von Thaden Juan José 
Published: November 2020

SummaryPayments for ecosystem services (PES) programmes have been considered an important conservation mechanism to avoid deforestation. These environmental policies act in social and ecological contexts at different spatial scales. We evaluated the social-ecological fit between stakeholders and ecosystem processes in a local PES programme across three levels: social, ecological and social-ecological. We explored collaboration among stakeholders, assessed connectivity between forest units and evaluated conservation activity links between stakeholders and forest units. In addition, to increase programme effectiveness, we classified forest units based on their social and ecological importance. Our main findings suggest that non-governmental organizations occupy brokerage positions between landowners and government in a dense collaboration network. We also found a partial spatial misfit between conservation activity links and the forest units that provide the most hydrological services to Xalapa. We conclude that conservation efforts should be directed towards the middle and high part of the Pixquiac sub-watershed and that the role of non-governmental organizations as mediators should be strengthened to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the local PES programme.
Associated factors of distress in patients with advanced cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Ascencio-Huertas Leticia , Allende-Pérez Silvia Rosa , Pastrana Tania 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the psychosocial distress and associated factors in advanced cancer patients consulting at the outpatient Palliative Care Unit at the National Cancer Institute in Mexico City.DesignA retrospective study was conducted using electronic records (June 2015 to December 2016).SampleA total of 646 patients with advanced cancer during their first visit to the outpatient palliative care unit at the National Cancer Institute in Mexico were evaluated using the Distress Thermometer (DT) and ECOG performance status scores.FindingsOverall, 62% were women, with a median age of 57 years, and married (54.8%). The most frequent diagnosis was gastrointestinal cancer (28.6%), and 38.9% had a functional performance status of ECOG 2. The median DT score was 4.0 (IQR = 2–6), with 56% reporting DT scores ≥4. The three most frequent problems ≥4 were sadness (82.6%), feeling weak (81.2%), worry (79.6%), and <4 were feeling weak (57.7%), fatigue (55.6%), and financial security (52.1%). The variables associated with distress according to the multiple logistic regression analysis were problems with housing (OR = 2.661, 95% CI = 1.538–4.602), sadness (OR = 2.533, 95% CI = 1.615–3.973), transportation (OR = 1.732, 95% CI = 1.157–2.591), eating (OR = 1.626, 95% CI = 1.093–2.417), nervousness (OR = 1.547, 95% CI = 1.014–2.360), and sleep (OR = 1.469, 95% CI = 1.980–2.203).ConclusionThe principal factors were related to distress levels, housing problems, transportation issues, and emotional problems such as sadness, nervousness, lower functionality, and younger age. Therefore, psychosocial support is of considerable relevance in palliative care. These findings will help clinicians understand the distress of patients with advanced cancer in palliative care in Latin American countries.
Preventing harm related to CBT supervision: a theoretical review and preliminary framework
Authors: Milne Derek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLike any treatment, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may have negative as well as positive outcomes, and the same is true of CBT supervision. This is recognized in definitions of supervision, which prioritize helping supervisees to ‘do no harm’ to their patients. Client harm is associated with personal distress in supervisees (therapists), such as burnout, resulting in sub-standard therapy which causes harm to patients. Some supervisors have contributed to the supervisees’ distress, and consequently to patient harm. Harm may also arise from other staff members, or from situational factors that impact negatively on various aspects of the healthcare environment. At a more distal level, the host organization may create a context that allows such problems to go unchecked (e.g. a failure to train or support supervisors adequately). It follows that a large-scale framework is necessary to fully understand and address this multi-dimensional and systemic context for harm. Therefore, this theoretical review sketches out a preliminary ‘infidelity framework’ in order to classify ten types of problem behaviour that commonly contribute to harm that is linked to supervision. Drawing on related frameworks and neighbouring literatures, the infidelity framework also offers an understanding of the typical antecedents and consequences of each of these ten behaviours. This generic functional analysis leads to examples of evidence-based CBT supervision that might prevent or rectify harm.
Mantle Transition Zone Structure Beneath Myanmar and Its Geodynamic Implications
Authors: Bai Yiming , Yuan Xiaohui , He Yumei , Hou Guangbing , Thant Myo , Sein Kyaing , Ai Yinshuang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLinking the India‐Tibet collision to the north and the Andaman oceanic subduction to the south, Myanmar occupies a crucial position in the India‐Eurasia convergence system. Various seismological studies have indicated that the Indian plate is obliquely subducted along the Burma arc. However, the depth extent and continuity of the subducted slab remain enigmatic. With seismic recordings collected from 114 recently deployed seismic stations, we map the topographies of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) boundaries, that is, the 410‐ and 660‐km discontinuities, beneath Myanmar using receiver functions. Regional 3‐D velocity models were adopted to account for the lateral velocity heterogeneity. The 410‐km discontinuity is uplifted by over 15 km within 95°E‐97°E and 21°N‐24°N beneath Myanmar. This feature correlates well with the east‐dipping high‐velocity anomaly in the tomographic models, with a velocity increase of 0.9%–1.2% at the 410‐km discontinuity depth, suggesting that the subducted slab has reached the MTZ. The uplift of the 410‐km discontinuity terminates to the south at ∼21°N, indicating a distinct change in slab geometry. Our results also reveal a depressed 660‐km discontinuity, which is spatially offset to the southwest of the uplifted 410‐km discontinuity. We propose that the offset between the 410‐km discontinuity uplift and the 660‐km discontinuity depression could indicate a slab break‐off and tearing beneath Myanmar, which was triggered by the northward motion of the Indian plate during the eastward subduction. We further speculate that the slab tear could mark the transition from oceanic to continental plate subduction.
Genome-wide association study of individual differences of human lymphocyte profiles using large-scale cytometry data
Authors: Okada Daigo , Nakamura Naotoshi , Setoh Kazuya , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Higasa Koichiro , Tabara Yasuharu , Matsuda Fumihiko , Yamada Ryo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuman immune systems are very complex, and the basis for individual differences in immune phenotypes is largely unclear. One reason is that the phenotype of the immune system is so complex that it is very difficult to describe its features and quantify differences between samples. To identify the genetic factors that cause individual differences in whole lymphocyte profiles and their changes after vaccination without having to rely on biological assumptions, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS), using cytometry data. Here, we applied computational analysis to the cytometry data of 301 people before receiving an influenza vaccine, and 1, 7, and 90 days after the vaccination to extract the feature statistics of the lymphocyte profiles in a nonparametric and data-driven manner. We analyzed two types of cytometry data: measurements of six markers for B cell classification and seven markers for T cell classification. The coordinate values calculated by this method can be treated as feature statistics of the lymphocyte profile. Next, we examined the genetic basis of individual differences in human immune phenotypes with a GWAS for the feature statistics, and we newly identified seven significant and 36 suggestive single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the individual differences in lymphocyte profiles and their change after vaccination. This study provides a new workflow for performing combined analyses of cytometry data and other types of genomics data.
ERICH3: vesicular association and antidepressant treatment response
Authors: Liu Duan , Zhuang Yongxian , Zhang Lingxin , Gao Huanyao , Neavin Drew , Carrillo-Roa Tania , Wang Yani , Yu Jia , Qin Sisi , Kim Daniel C. , Liu Erica , Nguyen Thanh Thanh Le , Biernacka Joanna M. , Kaddurah-Daouk Rima , Dunlop Boadie W. , Craighead W. Edward , Mayberg Helen S. , Binder Elisabeth B. , Frye Mark A. , Wang Liewei , Weinshilboum Richard M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are standard of care for major depressive disorder (MDD) pharmacotherapy, but only approximately half of these patients remit on SSRI therapy. Our previous genome-wide association study identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) signal across the glutamate-rich 3 (ERICH3) gene that was nearly genome-wide significantly associated with plasma serotonin (5-HT) concentrations, which were themselves associated with SSRI response for MDD patients enrolled in the Mayo Clinic PGRN-AMPS SSRI trial. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis which demonstrated that those SNPs were significantly associated with SSRI treatment outcomes in four independent MDD trials. However, the function of ERICH3 and molecular mechanism(s) by which it might be associated with plasma 5-HT concentrations and SSRI clinical response remained unclear. Therefore, we characterized the human ERICH3 gene functionally and identified ERICH3 mRNA transcripts and protein isoforms that are highly expressed in central nervous system cells. Coimmunoprecipitation identified a series of ERICH3 interacting proteins including clathrin heavy chain which are known to play a role in vesicular function. Immunofluorescence showed ERICH3 colocalization with 5-HT in vesicle-like structures, and ERICH3 knock-out dramatically decreased 5-HT staining in SK-N-SH cells as well as 5-HT concentrations in the culture media and cell lysates without changing the expression of 5-HT synthesizing or metabolizing enzymes. Finally, immunofluorescence also showed ERICH3 colocalization with dopamine in human iPSC-derived neurons. These results suggest that ERICH3 may play a significant role in vesicular function in serotonergic and other neuronal cell types, which might help explain its association with antidepressant treatment response.
Prelimbic cortex glucocorticoid receptors regulate the stress-mediated inhibition of pain contagion in male mice
Authors: Lidhar Navdeep K. , Darvish-Ghane Soroush , Sivaselvachandran Sivaani , Khan Sana , Wasif Fatima , Turner Holly , Sivaselvachandran Meruba , Fournier Neil M. , Martin Loren J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExperiencing pain with a familiar individual can enhance one’s own pain sensitivity, a process known as pain contagion. When experiencing pain with an unfamiliar individual, pain contagion is suppressed in males by activating the endocrine stress response. Here, we coupled a histological investigation with pharmacological and behavioral experiments to identify enhanced glucocorticoid receptor activity in the prelimbic subdivision of the medial prefrontal cortex as a candidate mechanism for suppressing pain contagion in stranger mice. Acute inhibition of glucocorticoid receptors in the prelimbic cortex was sufficient to elicit pain contagion in strangers, while their activation prevented pain contagion in cagemate dyads. Slice physiology recordings revealed enhanced excitatory transmission in stranger mice, an effect that was reversed by pre-treating mice with the corticosterone synthesis inhibitor metyrapone. Following removal from dyadic testing, stranger mice displayed enhanced affective-motivational pain behaviors when placed on an inescapable thermal stimulus, which were reversed by metyrapone. Together, our data suggest that the prelimbic cortex may play an integral role in modulating pain behavior within a social context and provide novel evidence towards the neural mechanism underlying the prevention of pain contagion.
Engineering rhizobacteria for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Haskett Timothy L , Tkacz Andrzej , Poole Philip S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Exploitation of plant growth promoting (PGP) rhizobacteria (PGPR) as crop inoculants could propel sustainable intensification of agriculture to feed our rapidly growing population. However, field performance of PGPR is typically inconsistent due to suboptimal rhizosphere colonisation and persistence in foreign soils, promiscuous host-specificity, and in some cases, the existence of undesirable genetic regulation that has evolved to repress PGP traits. While the genetics underlying these problems remain largely unresolved, molecular mechanisms of PGP have been elucidated in rigorous detail. Engineering and subsequent transfer of PGP traits into selected efficacious rhizobacterial isolates or entire bacterial rhizosphere communities now offers a powerful strategy to generate improved PGPR that are tailored for agricultural use. Through harnessing of synthetic plant-to-bacteria signalling, attempts are currently underway to establish exclusive coupling of plant-bacteria interactions in the field, which will be crucial to optimise efficacy and establish biocontainment of engineered PGPR. This review explores the many ecological and biotechnical facets of this research.
A case-control study to evaluate the impact of the breast screening programme on mortality in England
Authors: Maroni Roberta , Massat Nathalie J. , Parmar Dharmishta , Dibden Amanda , Cuzick Jack , Sasieni Peter D. , Duffy Stephen W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundOver the past 30 years since the implementation of the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme, improvements in diagnostic techniques and treatments have led to the need for an up-to-date evaluation of its benefit on risk of death from breast cancer. An initial pilot case-control study in London indicated that attending mammography screening led to a mortality reduction of 39%.MethodsBased on the same study protocol, an England-wide study was set up. Women aged 47–89 years who died of primary breast cancer in 2010 or 2011 were selected as cases (8288 cases). When possible, two controls were selected per case (15,202 controls) and were matched by date of birth and screening area.ResultsConditional logistic regressions showed a 38% reduction in breast cancer mortality after correcting for self-selection bias (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.56–0.69) for women being screened at least once. Secondary analyses by age group, and time between last screen and breast cancer diagnosis were also performed.ConclusionsAccording to this England-wide case-control study, mammography screening still plays an important role in lowering the risk of dying from breast cancer. Women aged 65 or over see a stronger and longer lasting benefit of screening compared to younger women.
Synthesis and X-ray characterization of 15- and 16-vertex closo-carboranes
Authors: Zheng Fangrui , Yui Tsz Hin , Zhang Jiji , Xie Zuowei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCarboranes are a class of carbon-boron molecular clusters with three-dimensional aromaticity, and inherent robustness. These endowments enable carboranes as valuable building blocks for applications ranging from functional materials to pharmaceuticals. Thus, the chemistry of carboranes has received tremendous research interest, and significant progress has been made in the past decades. However, many attempts to the synthesis of carboranes with more than 14 vertices had been unsuccessful since the report of a 14-vertex carborane in 2005. The question arises as to whether these long sought-after molecules exist. We describe in this article the synthesis and structural characterization of 15- and 16-vertex closo-carboranes as well as 16-vertex ruthenacarborane. Such a success relies on the introduction of silyl groups to both cage carbons, stabilizing the corresponding nido-carborane dianions and promoting the capitation reaction with HBBr2·SMe2. This work would shed some light on the preparation of carboranes with 17 vertices or more, and open the door for studying supercarborane chemistry.
Seeing around corners with edge-resolved transient imaging
Authors: Rapp Joshua , Saunders Charles , Tachella Julián , Murray-Bruce John , Altmann Yoann , Tourneret Jean-Yves , McLaughlin Stephen , Dawson Robin M. A. , Wong Franco N. C. , Goyal Vivek K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNon-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging is a rapidly growing field seeking to form images of objects outside the field of view, with potential applications in autonomous navigation, reconnaissance, and even medical imaging. The critical challenge of NLOS imaging is that diffuse reflections scatter light in all directions, resulting in weak signals and a loss of directional information. To address this problem, we propose a method for seeing around corners that derives angular resolution from vertical edges and longitudinal resolution from the temporal response to a pulsed light source. We introduce an acquisition strategy, scene response model, and reconstruction algorithm that enable the formation of 2.5-dimensional representations—a plan view plus heights—and a 180∘ field of view for large-scale scenes. Our experiments demonstrate accurate reconstructions of hidden rooms up to 3 meters in each dimension despite a small scan aperture (1.5-centimeter radius) and only 45 measurement locations.
Vicinal difunctionalization of carbon–carbon double bond for the platform synthesis of trifluoroalkyl amines
Authors: Béke Ferenc , Mészáros Ádám , Tóth Ágnes , Botlik Bence Béla , Novák Zoltán 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRegioselective vicinal diamination of carbon–carbon double bonds with two different amines is a synthetic challenge under transition metal-free conditions, especially for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated amines. However, the synthesis of ethylene diamines and fluorinated amine compounds is demanded, especially in the pharmaceutical sector. Herein, we demonstrate that the controllable double nucleophilic functionalization of an activated alkene synthon, originated from a trifluoropropenyliodonium salt with two distinct nucleophiles, enables the selective synthesis of trifluoromethylated ethylene amines and diamines on broad scale with high efficiency under mild reaction conditions. Considering the chemical nature of the reactants, our synthetic approach brings forth an efficient methodology and provides versatile access to highly fluorinated amines.
Identification of transcription factor co-regulators that drive prostate cancer progression
Authors: Siddappa Manjunath , Wani Sajad A. , Long Mark D. , Leach Damien A. , Mathé Ewy A. , Bevan Charlotte L. , Campbell Moray J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn prostate cancer (PCa), and many other hormone-dependent cancers, there is clear evidence for distorted transcriptional control as disease driver mechanisms. Defining which transcription factor (TF) and coregulators are altered and combine to become oncogenic drivers remains a challenge, in part because of the multitude of TFs and coregulators and the diverse genomic space on which they function. The current study was undertaken to identify which TFs and coregulators are commonly altered in PCa. We generated unique lists of TFs (n = 2662), coactivators (COA; n = 766); corepressors (COR; n = 599); mixed function coregulators (MIXED; n = 511), and to address the challenge of defining how these genes are altered we tested how expression, copy number alterations and mutation status varied across seven prostate cancer (PCa) cohorts (three of localized and four advanced disease). Testing of significant changes was undertaken by bootstrapping approaches and the most significant changes were identified. For one commonly and significantly altered gene were stably knocked-down expression and undertook cell biology experiments and RNA-Seq to identify differentially altered gene networks and their association with PCa progression risks. COAS, CORS, MIXED and TFs all displayed significant down-regulated expression (q.value < 0.1) and correlated with protein expression (r 0.4–0.55). In localized PCa, stringent expression filtering identified commonly altered TFs and coregulator genes, including well-established (e.g. ERG) and underexplored (e.g. PPARGC1A, encodes PGC1α). Reduced PPARGC1A expression significantly associated with worse disease-free survival in two cohorts of localized PCa. Stable PGC1α knockdown in LNCaP cells increased growth rates and invasiveness and RNA-Seq revealed a profound basal impact on gene expression (~ 2300 genes; FDR < 0.05, logFC > 1.5), but only modestly impacted PPARγ responses. GSEA analyses of the PGC1α transcriptome revealed that it significantly altered the AR-dependent transcriptome, and was enriched for epigenetic modifiers. PGC1α-dependent genes were overlapped with PGC1α-ChIP-Seq genes and significantly associated in TCGA with higher grade tumors and worse disease-free survival. These methods and data demonstrate an approach to identify cancer-driver coregulators in cancer, and that PGC1α expression is clinically significant yet underexplored coregulator in aggressive early stage PCa.
Comparison of handcrafted features and convolutional neural networks for liver MR image adequacy assessment
Authors: Lin Wenyi , Hasenstab Kyle , Moura Cunha Guilherme , Schwartzman Armin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe propose a random forest classifier for identifying adequacy of liver MR images using handcrafted (HC) features and deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and analyze the relative role of these two components in relation to the training sample size. The HC features, specifically developed for this application, include Gaussian mixture models, Euler characteristic curves and texture analysis. Using HC features outperforms the CNN for smaller sample sizes and with increased interpretability. On the other hand, with enough training data, the combined classifier outperforms the models trained with HC features or CNN features alone. These results illustrate the added value of HC features with respect to CNNs, especially when insufficient data is available, as is often found in clinical studies.