bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tolerance to Opioid‐Induced Respiratory Depression in Chronic High‐Dose Opioid Users: A Model‐Based Comparison With Opioid‐Naïve Individuals
Authors: Algera Marijke Hyke , Olofsen Erik , Moss Laurence , Dobbins Robert L. , Niesters Marieke , van Velzen Monique , Groeneveld Geert Jan , Heuberger Jules , Laffont Celine M. , Dahan Albert 
Published: August 2020

Chronic opioid consumption is associated with addiction, physical dependence, and tolerance. Tolerance results in dose escalation to maintain the desired opioid effect. Intake of high‐dose or potent opioids may cause life‐threatening respiratory depression, an effect that may be reduced by tolerance. We performed a pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic analysis of the respiratory effects of fentanyl in chronic opioid users and opioid‐naïve subjects to quantify tolerance to respiratory depression. Fourteen opioid‐naïve individuals and eight chronic opioid users received escalating doses of intravenous fentanyl (opioid‐naïve subjects: 75–350 µg/70 kg; chronic users: 250–700 µg/70 kg). Isohypercapnic ventilation was measured and the fentanyl plasma concentration‐ventilation data were analyzed using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling. Apneic events occurred in opioid‐naïve subjects after a cumulative fentanyl dose (per 70 kg) of 225 (n = 3) and 475 µg (n = 6), and in 7 chronic opioid users after a cumulative dose of 600 (n = 2), 1,100 (n = 2), and 1,800 µg (n = 3). The time course of fentanyl’s respiratory depressant effect was characterized using a biophase equilibration model in combination with an inhibitory maximum effect (Emax) model. Differences in tolerance between populations were successfully modeled. The effect‐site concentration causing 50% ventilatory depression, was 0.42 ± 0.07 ng/mL in opioid‐naïve subjects and 1.82 ± 0.39 ng/mL in chronic opioid users, indicative of a 4.3‐fold sensitivity difference. Despite higher tolerance to fentanyl‐induced respiratory depression, apnea still occurred in the opioid‐tolerant population indicative of the potential danger of high‐dose opioids in causing life‐threatening respiratory depression in all individuals, opioid‐naïve and opioid‐tolerant.
Extrapolating Pharmacodynamic Effects From Adults to Pediatrics: A Case Study of Ustekinumab in Pediatric Patients With Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Zhou Wangda , Hu Chuanpu , Zhu Yaowei , Randazzo Bruce , Song Michael , Sharma Amarnath , Xu Zhenhua , Zhou Honghui 
Published: August 2020

Ustekinumab (STELARA) is a human monoclonal antibody against interleukins‐12 and −23 for the treatment of adult and adolescent (≥ 12 to < 18 years of age) patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. A phase III study was recently completed in pediatric patients (≥ 6 to < 12 years of age) with psoriasis. The objectives of the current analysis were to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model and a joint longitudinal exposure‐response model using ordered categorial end points derived from Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) scores (namely a joint PASI response criteria (PRC) and PGA model) to characterize the PK and exposure‐response relationship of ustekinumab in pediatric patients with psoriasis. The developed pediatric models reasonably predicted the PK of ustekinumab, as well as the PRC and PGA clinical response in pediatric patients with psoriasis. In addition, the joint PRC and PGA modeling framework was able to adequately extrapolate clinical response in pediatric patients using data collected from clinical studies in adult patients with psoriasis.
Coral cover a stronger driver of reef fish trophic biomass than fishing
Authors: Russ Garry R. , Rizzari Justin R. , Abesamis Rene A. , Alcala Angel C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn influential paradigm in coral reef ecology is that fishing causes trophic cascades through reef fish assemblages, resulting in reduced herbivory and thus benthic phase shifts from coral to algal dominance. Few long‐term field tests exist of how fishing affects the trophic structure of coral reef fish assemblages, and how such changes affect the benthos. Alternatively, benthic change itself may drive the trophic structure of reef fish assemblages. Reef fish trophic structure and benthic cover were quantified almost annually from 1983 to 2014 at two small Philippine islands (Apo, Sumilon). At each island a No‐Take Marine Reserve (NTMR) site and a site open to subsistence reef fishing were monitored. Thirteen trophic groups were identified. Large planktivores often accounted for >50% of assemblage biomass. Significant NTMR effects were detected at each island for total fish biomass, but for only 2 of 13 trophic components: generalist large predators and large planktivores. Fishing‐induced changes in biomass of these components had no effect on live hard coral (HC) cover. In contrast, HC cover affected biomass of 11 of 13 trophic components significantly. Positive associations with HC cover were detected for total fish biomass, generalist large predators, piscivores, obligate coral feeders, large planktivores, and small planktivores. Negative associations with HC cover were detected for large benthic foragers, detritivores, excavators, scrapers, and sand feeders. These associations of fish biomass to HC cover were most clear when environmental disturbances (e.g., coral bleaching, typhoons) reduced HC cover, often quickly (1–2 yr), and when HC recovered, often slowly (5–10 yr). As HC cover changed, the biomass of 11 trophic components of the fish assemblage changed. Benthic and fish assemblages were distinct at all sites from the outset, remaining so for 31 yr, despite differences in fishing pressure and disturbance history. HC cover alone explained ~30% of the variability in reef fish trophic structure, whereas fishing alone explained 24%. Furthermore, HC cover affected more trophic groups more strongly than fishing. Management of coral reefs must include measures to maintain coral reef habitats, not just measures to reduce fishing by NTMRs.
Disordered eating,self‐esteem, and depression symptoms in Iranian adolescents and young adults: A network analysis
Authors: Sahlan Reza N. , Williams Brenna M. , Forrest Lauren N. , Saunders Jessica F. , Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Levinson Cheri A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe network theory of psychopathology examines networks of interconnections across symptoms. Several network studies of disordered eating have identified central and bridge symptoms in Western samples, yet network models of disordered eating have not been tested in non‐Western samples. The current study tested a network model of disordered eating in Iranian adolescents and college students, as well as models of co‐occurring depression and self‐esteem.MethodParticipants were Iranian college students (n= 637) and adolescents (n= 1,111) who completed the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES) and Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition (BDI‐II). We computed six Glasso networks and identified central and bridge symptoms.ResultsCentral disordered eating nodes in most models were a desire to lose weight and discomfort when seeing one's own body. Central self‐esteem and depression nodes were feeling useless and self‐dislike, respectively. Feeling like a failure was the most common bridge symptom between disordered eating and depression symptoms. With exception of a few differences in some edges, networks did not significantly differ in structure.DiscussionDesire to lose weight was the most central node in the networks, which is consistent with sociocultural theories of disordered eating development, as well as prior network models from Western‐culture samples. Feeling like a failure was the most central bridge symptom between depression and disordered eating, suggesting that very low self‐esteem may be a shared correlate or risk factor for disordered eating and depression in Iranian adolescents and young adults.
Forest landscape structure influences the cyclic‐eruptive spatial dynamics of forest tent caterpillar outbreaks
Authors: Robert Louis‐Etienne , Sturtevant Brian R. , Kneeshaw Daniel , James Patrick M. A. , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Wolter Peter T. , Townsend Philip A. , Cooke Barry J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA fundamental question in forest insect ecology is the role of forest landscape structure, particularly the amount and spatial configuration of host tree species, in shaping the dynamics of recurring forest insect outbreaks. For forest tent caterpillar (FTC), independent studies do not converge on a singular conclusion, although all indicate that forest structure influences outbreak dynamics. These studies also vary in how they treat climate as a covariate. We evaluated the relative importance of host forest landscape composition and configuration, as well as climate, for their influence on FTC outbreak cycling in the twentieth century. We predicted that FTC outbreaks would exhibit greater synchrony and intensity within areas associated with higher abundance of host trees. We reconstructed FTC outbreaks from 1928 to 2006 using tree‐ring analysis within a well‐structured experimental landscape located in northwestern Ontario and northern Minnesota. Time‐series clustering and spatial nonparametric covariance were used to determine whether similarities in time series and patterns in spatial synchrony corresponded with land management history. Using constrained ordination, we compared statistical properties of outbreak time series to landscape variables representing host abundance, forest configuration, and climate. We found no evidence of climatic effects at the scale of this study, but a significant albeit small influence of landscape structure on outbreak dynamics. Outbreaks were more synchronous and more cyclic within managed zones containing a greater relative abundance of aspen and other hardwood host tree species, compared with the more conifer‐dominated Wilderness area. Yet, we also observed asynchronous outbreak dynamics across the study area, such that correlations with slower‐changing forest landscape variables varied starkly among outbreak pulses. Consequently, the strength of relationship between landscape variables and FTC outbreak patterns varied strongly through time—a result that may explain why short‐term studies yield conclusions that are at odds with one another. Our results speak to the importance of long time series, contrasting landscape structure, use of multivariate methods, and controlling for climatic variation when investigating the effects of forest landscape structure on the cyclic‐eruptive spatial dynamics for forest defoliators.
Stable generalist species anchor a dynamic pollination network
Authors: Zografou Konstantina , Swartz Mark T. , Tilden Virginia P. , McKinney Erika N. , Eckenrode Julie A. , Sewall Brent J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe application of complex network theory to community ecology has enabled quantification of interactions among large suites of species and clarified patterns of community structure across systems. Past analyses, however, have assumed that ecological networks are temporally static and persistent and spatially homogeneous, which could confound inference if species interactions vary over time and space. To evaluate temporal and spatial variation in mutualistic networks, therefore, we evaluated the consistency of a nectarivory/pollination network across years, by season, and over space. We tracked nectaring interactions among 37 butterfly and 58 flowering plant taxa during an 11‐yr period (2007–2017), across each summer and over a grassland landscape in Pennsylvania, USA. The composition of butterflies, plants, and their interactions varied markedly across years, months, and sites. Despite this compositional variation, one metric of network structure, nestedness, was invariant, with interactions much more nested than random across all years, months, and sites. Together with previous studies, this result suggests ecological interaction networks are generally more nested than expected by chance. Other measures of network structure were more variable, especially over time. Numbers of plants and interactions varied by year, month, and site. Connectance and numbers of butterflies varied annually and seasonally. Temporal variation in specialization was also evident for some species at an annual level and for the community across the season. We further found highly stable species were almost always generalists, while highly specialized species were almost always temporally and spatially variable, with few exceptions. Together, these results suggest communities are comprised of a reliable core of generalist species, accompanied by a changing suite of specialist species that, when participating in the network, primarily interact with the reliable core species. Our finding of nested mutualistic network centered on stable‐generalist species accompanied by a changing suite of sporadic specialists indicates dynamic changes in ecological communities vary with topological position. This finding further suggests that, even as rare species are highly threatened by species invasion, climate change, and other anthropogenic perturbations, network structure may be robust to species loss and compositional change from these perturbations.
Multi‐year experiment shows no impact of artificial light at night on arthropod trophic structure or abundance
Authors: Firebaugh Ariel , Haynes Kyle J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrior studies of how artificial light at night (ALAN) alters the abundances of herbivores, predators, and other trophic groups have yielded evidence of the alteration of energy and nutrient flows through ecosystems. Because the impacts of ALAN on arthropod assemblages may be context‐dependent, there is a need for more experimental work across a range of habitat types and time frames. To examine longer‐term impacts of ALAN on community and trophic structure, we experimentally manipulated ALAN in a grassland ecosystem and compared arthropod abundance and trophic structure between plots exposed to ALAN and plots exposed only to ambient light over two years. In 2015, arthropod density was 61% higher in plots with ALAN added than in plots with no ALAN added, but this difference was not statistically significant. In 2016, arthropod densities were nearly identical between plots with ALAN added and plots not exposed to ALAN. Contrasting with prior research on ground‐dwelling arthropods, we found no evidence that the effects of ALAN on abundance differed between herbivores and predators inhabiting the canopy of grassland vegetation. To better understand the ecological consequences of ALAN, we recommend experimental manipulation of ALAN in a variety of habitat types followed by repeated sampling of trophic structure over time frames that span multiple generations for the species within the focal community.
Efficient assessment of nocturnal flying insect communities by combining automatic light traps and DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Mata Vanessa A. , Ferreira Sónia , Campos Rebeca M. , da Silva Luís P. , Veríssimo Joana , Corley Martin F. V. , Beja Pedro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIncreasing evidence for global insect declines is prompting a renewed interest in the survey of whole insect communities. DNA metabarcoding can contribute to assessing diverse insect communities over a range of spatial and temporal scales, but efforts are still needed to optimize and standardize procedures. Here, we describe and test a methodological pipeline for surveying nocturnal flying insects, combining automatic light traps and DNA metabarcoding. We optimized laboratory procedures and then tested the methodological pipeline using 12 field samples collected in northern Portugal in 2017. We focused on Lepidoptera to compare metabarcoding results with those from morphological identification, using three types of bulk samples produced from each field sample (individuals, legs, and the unsorted mixture). The customized trap was highly efficient at collecting nocturnal flying insects, allowing a small team to operate several traps per night, and a fast field processing of samples for subsequent metabarcoding. Morphological processing yielded 871 identifiable individuals of 102 Lepidoptera species. Metabarcoding of the “mixture” bulk samples detected 528 taxa, most of which were Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera. There was a reasonably high matching in community composition between morphology and metabarcoding when considering the “individuals” and “legs” bulk samples, with few errors mostly associated with morphological misidentification of small and often degraded microlepidoptera. Regarding the “mixture” bulk sample, metabarcoding identified nearly four times more Lepidoptera species than morphological examination, mostly due to the recovery of DNA from very damaged specimens that could not be visually identified, but also thanks to the retention of body parts and DNA of specimens removed for the “individuals” and “legs” bulks. Our study provides a methodological metabarcoding pipeline that can be used in standardized surveys of nocturnal flying insects. Our approach efficiently collects highly diverse taxonomic groups such as nocturnal Lepidoptera that are poorly represented when using Malaise traps and other widely used field methods.
Microsized SnS/Few‐Layer Graphene Composite with Interconnected Nanosized Building Blocks for Superior Volumetric Lithium and Sodium Storage
Authors: Cheng Deliang , Yang Lichun , Hu Renzong , Liu Jiangwen , Zhu Min 
Published: August 2020

To develop anode materials with superior volumetric storage is crucial for practical application of lithium/sodium‐ion batteries. Here, we have developed a micro/nanostructured SnS/few‐layer graphene (SnS/FLG) composite by facile scalable plasma milling. Inside the hybrid, SnS nanoparticles are tightly supported by FLG, forming nanosized primary particles as building blocks and assembling to microsized secondary granules. With this unique micro/nanostructure, the SnS/FLG composite possesses a high tap density of 1.98 g cm−3 and thus ensures a high volumetric storage. The combination of SnS nanoparticles and FLG nanosheets can not only enhance the overall electrical conductivity and facilitate the ion diffusion greatly, but alleviate the large volume expansion of SnS effectively and maintain the electrode integrity during cycling. Thus, the densely compacted SnS/FLG composite exhibits superior volumetric lithium and sodium storage, including high volumetric capacities of 1926.5/1051.4 mAh cm−3 at 0.2 A g−1, and high retained capacities of 1754.3/760.3 mAh cm−3 after 500 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. With superior volumetric storage performance and facile scalable synthesis, the SnS/FLG composite can be a promising anode for practical batteries application.
TNF‐α and IL‐1β sensitize human MSC for IFN‐γ signaling and enhance neutrophil recruitment
Authors: Hackel Alexander , Aksamit Aleksandra , Bruderek Kirsten , Lang Stephan , Brandau Sven 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDuring inflammatory processes, tissue environmental cues are influencing the immunoregulatory properties of tissue‐resident mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC). In this study, we elucidated one of the molecular and cellular responses of human MSC exposed to combinations of inflammatory cytokines. We showed that during multi‐cytokine priming by TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IFN‐γ, IL‐1β further augmented the well‐established immunoregulatory activity induced by TNF‐α/IFN‐γ. On the molecular level, TNF‐α and IL‐1β enhanced the expression of IFN‐γ receptor (IFN‐γR) via NF 'kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer' of activated B‐cells (NF‐κΒ) signaling. In turn, enhanced responsiveness to IFN‐γ stimulation activated STAT5 and p38‐MAPK signaling. This molecular feedback resulted in an increased IL‐8 release and augmented recruitment of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN). Our study suggests the possibility that responses of MSC to multi‐cytokine priming regimens may be exploited therapeutically to fine‐tune inflammatory activity in tissues. This study elucidates molecular mechanisms underlying the immunological priming of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and their interaction with neutrophils.
Perceived validation and criticism in pain: Development of a new measure in chronic pain
Authors: Andrade Carvalho Sérgio , Pinto‐Gouveia José , Gillanders David , Castilho Paula 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundResearch suggests that the way others react to a pain flare‐up impacts on psychological and pain‐related symptoms in chronic pain (CP). Experiencing validation from others is associated with less negative emotions and better functioning. Contrarily, experiencing criticism is linked to greater pain intensity and worse functioning. Nonetheless, studies are limited by an exclusive focus on spouses rather than significant other relationships, the use of proxy constructs (e.g. social support, responsiveness, solicitousness) rather than specific measures of validation and criticism and a focus on significant others′ behaviour rather than patients′ subjective experience. This study examines the psychometric properties of a new measure – Perceived Validation and Criticism in Pain Questionnaire (PVCPQ), and tests its contribution to functional impairment beyond pain intensity, sociodemographic and medical‐related variables, positive and negative affect, safeness and compassion from others.MethodsWomen with CP (N = 172), 130 (75.6%) of whom had fibromyalgia, completed an online battery of questionnaires (PVCPQ; numeric pain rating scale; work and social adjustment scale; positive and negative affect schedule; social and pleasure scale; compassionate engagement and action scale). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), reliability analysis, correlational analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were performed.ResultsEFA showed a 23‐item two‐factor solution with good psychometric properties. Criticism in pain (but not validation in pain) contributed to functional impairment above and beyond the variance explained by pain intensity, sociodemographic and medical variables, positive and negative affect, safeness and compassion from others.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the PVCPQ is a psychometrically valid new measure of perceived validation and criticism in pain that contributes to explaining pain‐related functional impairment.SignificanceThe current study provides a new 23‐item measure of perceived validation and criticism by others in chronic pain that overcomes the limitations of existing measures. It adds to the literature by suggesting that perceived criticism (but not validation) contributes to functional impairment beyond sociodemographic variables, pain intensity, affect and related constructs such as social safeness and compassion from others. These results suggest that psychosocial interventions that aim to promote functioning in chronic pain should focus on the subjective experience of being criticized and validated by significant others.