bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive correlates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with high intellectual ability
Authors: Cadenas María , Hartman Catharina , Faraone Stephen , Antshel Kevin , Borges África , Hoogeveen Lianne , Rommelse Nanda 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
There is an ongoing debate as to whether attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in highly intelligent individuals has a similar presentation as in average intelligent individuals. The aim of this study was to examine the cognitive correlates of ADHD in highly intelligent children and adolescents with ADHD.

Method
Two independent samples (N = 204 and N = 84) of (1) high intelligence quotient (IQ) (IQ ≥ 120) children and adolescents with ADHD were used, carefully matched on age, gender, ADHD severity, and IQ with (2) control participants with high intelligence, (3) participants with ADHD with an average intelligence (IQ 90–110), and (4) control participants with an average intelligence. These samples were selected from the Dutch node of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics (NeuroIMAGE) and Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) cohorts, respectively, in which a large battery of cognitive tasks was administered. Linear mixed models were used to examine the main effects of ADHD and IQ and their interaction on cognitive performance.

Results
ADHD-control group differences were not moderated by IQ; mostly equally large ADHD-control differences in cognitive performance were found for high versus average intelligent groups. The small moderating effects found mostly indicated somewhat milder cognitive problems in highly intelligent individuals with ADHD. Overall, highly intelligent children and adolescents with ADHD performed at the level of the average intelligent control children.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate the cognitive profile of ADHD is similar in highly versus average intelligent individuals with ADHD, although ADHD-related cognitive deficits may be easily overlooked in the high intelligence population when compared to the typical (i.e., average intelligent) control group.
The predictive ability of indirect genetic models is reduced when culled animals are omitted from the data
Authors: Ask Birgitte , Christensen Ole F. , Heidaritabar Marzieh , Madsen Per , Nielsen Hanne M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Physical removal of individuals from groups causes reductions in group sizes and changes in group composition, which may affect the predictive ability of estimates of indirect genetic effects of animals on phenotypes of group mates. We hypothesized that including indirect genetic effects of culled animals and of animals without phenotypes in the analysis affects estimates of genetic parameters, improves predictive ability, and reduces bias of predicted breeding values. We tested this by applying different editing procedures, i.e. omission of individuals or groups from the data, and genetic models, i.e. a classical and an indirect genetic model (IGM) without or with weighting of indirect genetic effects based on the relative proportion of time spent in the pen or space allowance. Data consisted of average daily gain for 123,567 pigs in 11,111 groups, from which 3% of individuals in 25% of groups were prematurely removed from the group.

Results
The estimate of total heritability was higher (0.29 to 0.34) than that of direct heritability (0.23 to 0.25) regardless of the editing procedures and IGM used. Omission of individuals or groups from the data reduced the predictive ability of estimates of indirect genetic effects by 8 to 46%, and the predictive ability of estimates of the combined direct and indirect genetic effects by up to 4%. Omission of full groups introduced bias in predicted breeding values. Weighting of indirect genetic effects reduced the predictive ability of their estimates by at least 19% and of the estimates of the combined direct and indirect genetic effects by 1%.

Conclusions
We identified significant indirect genetic effects for growth in pigs. Culled animals should neither be removed from the data nor accounted for by weighting their indirect genetic effects in the model based on the relative proportion of time spent in the pen or space allowance, because it will reduce predictive ability and increase bias of predicted breeding values. Information on culled animals is important for prediction of indirect genetic effects and must be accounted for in IGM analyses by including fixed regressions based on relative time spent within the pen or relative space allowance.
Antibiotic use among twelve Canadian First Nations communities: a retrospective chart review of skin and soft tissue infections
Authors: Jeong Dahn , Nguyen Ha Nhan Thi , Tyndall Mark , Schreiber Yoko S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious publications indicated an emerging issue with community-acquired methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA), particularly skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), in Indigenous communities in Canada. The objectives of this analysis were to explore the prevalence of SSTIs due to CA-MRSA and patterns of antimicrobial use in the community setting.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted as part of an environmental scan to assess antibiotic prescriptions in 12 First Nations communities across five provinces in Canada including Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Québec. Charts were randomly selected from nursing stations and patients who had accessed care in the previous 12 months and were ≥ 18 years were included in the review. Data was collected from September to December, 2013 on antibiotic prescriptions, including SSTIs, clinical symptoms, diagnostic information including presence of CA-MRSA infection, and treatment.ResultsA total of 372 charts were reviewed, 60 from Alberta, 70 from Saskatchewan, 120 from Manitoba, 100 from Ontario, and 22 from Québec. Among 372 patients, 224 (60.2%) patients had at least one antibiotic prescription in the previous 12 months and 569 prescriptions were written in total. The prevalence of SSTIs was estimated at 36.8% (137 cases of SSTIs in 372 charts reviewed). In 137 cases of SSTIs, 34 (24.8%) were purulent infections, and 55 (40.2%) were due to CA-MRSA.ConclusionsThis study has identified a high prevalence of antibiotic use and SSTIs due to CA-MRSA in remote and isolated Indigenous communities across Canada. This population is currently hard to reach and under-represented in standard surveillance system and randomized retrospective chart reviews can offer complimentary methodology for monitoring disease burden, treatment and prevention.
Thinking in paracoccidioidomycosis: a delayed diagnosis of a neglected tropical disease, case report and review of clinical reports and eco-epidemiologic data from Colombia since the 2000
Authors: Arias Ramos Deving , Alzate John Alexander , Giraldo Montoya Ángela María , Trujillo Yessica Andrea , Arias Ramos Leidy Yurany 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundParacoccidioidomycosis is a neglected tropical disease, endemic in several countries of South America including Colombia. We report a case of a patient with Chronic Multifocal Paracoccidioidomycosis with long-standing symptoms and a delayed diagnosis caused by several barriers to achieve it. We did a review of the papers published in Colombia about this disease, focusing in clinical data and eco-epidemiology with the finding of a lack of new information on this topic since the 2000 in our region.Case presentationWe present a 54-year-old man, farmer in his youth, with a chronic ulcerated lesion in the lower lip similar to a lip carcinoma, a deforming lesion in the nose, and respiratory symptoms with emphysematous lung. Lip biopsy with silver methenamine stain revealed small and large budding yeasts that resembles a “mariner’s wheel” confirming Chronic Multifocal Paracoccidioidomycosis. He was treated successfully but subsequently lost to follow up.ConclusionsIt is very important to focus attention, reinforce the search and create networks for the study of neglected tropical diseases. The presented case illustrates a usual clinical presentation, but with a delayed diagnosis due to the difficulties that still occur in some regions like ours for the early recognition of a case of chronic multifocal paracoccidioidomycosis.
Sacroiliac joint variation associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
Authors: Yahara Yasuhito , Yasuda Taketoshi , Kawaguchi Yoshiharu , Suzuki Kayo , Seki Shoji , Kondo Miho , Makino Hiroto , Kamei Katsuhiko , Kanamori Masahiko , Kimura Tomoatsu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is characterized by the ossification of vertebral bodies and peripheral entheses. However, variations in sacroiliac (SI) joint change in patients with DISH have not been fully clarified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate SI joint variation in patients with DISH in comparison with a non-DISH population.

Methods
A total of 342 SI joints in 171 patients (DISH+, n = 86; DISH-, n = 85) who had undergone lumbar spine surgery were analyzed by computed tomography examination. SI joint variations were classified into four types: Type 1, normal or tiny peripheral bone irregularity; Type 2, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophytes formation; Type 3, vacuum phenomenon; and Type 4, bridging osteophyte and bony fusion. The type of bridging osteophyte in SI joints and the prevalence of ossification in each spinal segment from C1 to SI joint were also examined.

Results
The most common SI joint variation in the DISH+ group was bony fusion (Type 4), with 71.6% exhibiting anterior paraarticular bridging. On the other hand, SI joint vacuum phenomenon (Type 3) was the most frequent change (57.1%) in the DISH- group. The middle to lower thoracic spine and SI joints were highly affected in DISH and caused bony ankylosis.

Conclusions
Anterior paraarticular bridging was the most common type of SI joint change in patients with DISH who underwent lumbar spine surgery. The present results regarding variations of SI joint changes in DISH should help understand the etiology of DISH.
Barriers and opportunities for breast cancer organizations to focus on environmental health and disease prevention: a mixed-methods approach using website analyses, interviews, and focus groups
Authors: Ohayon Jennifer Liss , Nost Eric , Silk Kami , Rakoff Michele , Brody Julia Green 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and most cases are not due to high risk inherited genes. In response, breast cancer activists successfully advocated for innovative research on environmental chemical exposures as a possible cause. Since then, new evidence supports hypotheses that common industrial and consumer chemicals are linked to the disease, and expert panels recommend reducing exposures. We evaluated whether these research results and recommendations are translated back into the work of breast cancer organizations and what barriers and opportunities influence their ability to focus on environmental factors.

Methods
We used a Python script to evaluate the frequency of environmental terms on the websites of 81 breast cancer organizations (> 14,000 associated URLs) and conducted two focus groups and 20 interviews with leaders of breast cancer organizations. We also analyzed the frequency of terms on two trusted, national cancer websites.

Results
40% of organizations include information on environmental chemicals on their websites, but references are infrequent and rarely cite specific chemicals of concern. Most organizations (82%) discuss other risk factors such as exercise, diet, family history, or genetics. From interviews and focus groups, we identified four types of barriers to addressing environmental chemicals: 1) time and resource constraints, 2) limited knowledge of the state of the research and lack of access to experts, 3) difficulties with messaging, including concern that cultural and economic factors make it difficult for individuals to reduce their exposures, and 4) institutional obstacles, such as the downplaying of environmental risks by industry interests. Participants expressed the desire for easy-to-adopt educational programs and increased federal funding for scientist-advocate research partnerships.

Conclusion
Our research underscores the need for environmental breast cancer experts and trusted cancer organizations to increase research translation activities so that breast cancer organizations can communicate new science on environmental factors in their online and in-person work. Moreover, our research highlights how most groups are focusing on providing resources to diagnosed women, including addressing problems with healthcare access, which displaces their ability to work on breast cancer prevention.
MRI radiomics for early prediction of response to vaccine therapy in a transgenic mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Eresen Aydin , Yang Jia , Shangguan Junjie , Li Yu , Hu Su , Sun Chong , Velichko Yury , Yaghmai Vahid , Benson Al B. , Zhang Zhuoli 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
There is a lack of well-established clinical tools for predicting dendritic cell (DC) vaccination response of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). DC vaccine treatment efficiency was demonstrated using histological analysis in pre-clinical studies; however, its usage was limited due to invasiveness. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of MRI texture features for detection of early immunotherapeutic response as well as overall survival (OS) of PDAC subjects following dendritic cell (DC) vaccine treatment in LSL-KrasG12D;LSL-Trp53R172H;Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) transgenic mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Materials and methods
KPC mice were treated with DC vaccines, and tumor growth was dynamically monitored. A total of a hundred and fifty-two image features of T2-weighted MRI images were analyzed using a kernel-based support vector machine model to detect treatment effects following the first and third weeks of the treatment. Moreover, univariate analysis was performed to describe the association between MRI texture and survival of KPC mice as well as histological tumor biomarkers.

Results
OS for mice in the treatment group was 54.8 ± 22.54 days while the control group had 35.39 ± 17.17 days. A subset of three MRI features distinguished treatment effects starting from the first week with increasing accuracy throughout the treatment (75% to 94%). Besides, we observed that short-run emphasis of approximate wavelet coefficients had a positive correlation with the survival of the KPC mice (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). Additionally, tissue-specific MRI texture features showed positive association with fibrosis percentage (r = 0.84, p < 0.002), CK19 positive percentage (r = − 0.97, p < 0.001), and Ki67 positive cells (r = 0.81, p < 0.02) as histological disease biomarkers.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that MRI texture features can be used as imaging biomarkers for early detection of therapeutic response following DC vaccination in the KPC mouse model of PDAC. Besides, MRI texture can be utilized to characterize tumor microenvironment reflected with histology analysis.
CLEAR: coverage-based limiting-cell experiment analysis for RNA-seq
Authors: Walker Logan A. , Sovic Michael G. , Chiang Chi-Ling , Hu Eileen , Denninger Jiyeon K. , Chen Xi , Kirby Elizabeth D. , Byrd John C. , Muthusamy Natarajan , Bundschuh Ralf , Yan Pearlly 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDirect cDNA preamplification protocols developed for single-cell RNA-seq have enabled transcriptome profiling of precious clinical samples and rare cell populations without the need for sample pooling or RNA extraction. We term the use of single-cell chemistries for sequencing low numbers of cells limiting-cell RNA-seq (lcRNA-seq). Currently, there is no customized algorithm to select robust/low-noise transcripts from lcRNA-seq data for between-group comparisons.MethodsHerein, we present CLEAR, a workflow that identifies reliably quantifiable transcripts in lcRNA-seq data for differentially expressed genes (DEG) analysis. Total RNA obtained from primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) CD5+ and CD5− cells were used to develop the CLEAR algorithm. Once established, the performance of CLEAR was evaluated with FACS-sorted cells enriched from mouse Dentate Gyrus (DG).ResultsWhen using CLEAR transcripts vs. using all transcripts in CLL samples, downstream analyses revealed a higher proportion of shared transcripts across three input amounts and improved principal component analysis (PCA) separation of the two cell types. In mouse DG samples, CLEAR identifies noisy transcripts and their removal improves PCA separation of the anticipated cell populations. In addition, CLEAR was applied to two publicly-available datasets to demonstrate its utility in lcRNA-seq data from other institutions. If imputation is applied to limit the effect of missing data points, CLEAR can also be used in large clinical trials and in single cell studies.ConclusionslcRNA-seq coupled with CLEAR is widely used in our institution for profiling immune cells (circulating or tissue-infiltrating) for its transcript preservation characteristics. CLEAR fills an important niche in pre-processing lcRNA-seq data to facilitate transcriptome profiling and DEG analysis. We demonstrate the utility of CLEAR in analyzing rare cell populations in clinical samples and in murine neural DG region without sample pooling.
Intraoperative surgical site infection control and prevention: a position paper and future addendum to WSES intra-abdominal infections guidelines
Authors: De Simone Belinda , Sartelli Massimo , Coccolini Federico , Ball Chad G. , Brambillasca Pietro , Chiarugi Massimo , Campanile Fabio Cesare , Nita Gabriela , Corbella Davide , Leppaniemi Ari , Boschini Elena , Moore Ernest E. , Biffl Walter , Peitzmann Andrew , Kluger Yoram , Sugrue Michael , Fraga Gustavo , Di Saverio Salomone , Weber Dieter , Sakakushev Boris , Chiara Osvaldo , Abu-Zidan Fikri M. , ten Broek Richard , Kirkpatrick Andrew W. , Wani Imtiaz , Coimbra Raul , Baiocchi Gian Luca , Kelly Micheal D. , Ansaloni Luca , Catena Fausto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgical site infections (SSI) represent a considerable burden for healthcare systems. They are largely preventable and multiple interventions have been proposed over past years in an attempt to prevent SSI.We aim to provide a position paper on Operative Room (OR) prevention of SSI in patients presenting with intra-abdominal infection to be considered a future addendum to the well-known World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) Guidelines on the management of intra-abdominal infections.MethodsThe literature was searched for focused publications on SSI until March 2019. Critical analysis and grading of the literature has been performed by a working group of experts; the literature review and the statements were evaluated by a Steering Committee of the WSES.ResultsWound protectors and antibacterial sutures seem to have effective roles to prevent SSI in intra-abdominal infections. The application of negative-pressure wound therapy in preventing SSI can be useful in reducing postoperative wound complications.It is important to pursue normothermia with the available resources in the intraoperative period to decrease SSI rate.The optimal knowledge of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics of antibiotics helps to decide when additional intraoperative antibiotic doses should be administered in patients with intra-abdominal infections undergoing emergency surgery to prevent SSI.ConclusionsThe current position paper offers an extensive overview of the available evidence regarding surgical site infection control and prevention in patients having intra-abdominal infections.
Y-box binding protein-1 is crucial in acquired drug resistance development in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: D’Costa Ninadh M. , Lowerison Matthew R. , Raven Peter A. , Tan Zheng , Roberts Morgan E. , Shrestha Raunak , Urban Matthew W. , Monjaras-Avila Cesar U. , Oo Htoo Zarni , Hurtado-Coll Antonio , Chavez-Munoz Claudia , So Alan I. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly vascular tumor and patients with low risk metastatic RCC of clear-cell histological sub-type (mccRCC) are treated with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs), sunitinib, as the first-line of treatment. Unfortunately, TKI resistance eventually develops, and the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood.

Methods
RCC cell-line with metastatic clear-cell histology (Caki-1), and patient samples were analysed to identify the role of Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB-1) in acquired sunitinib-resistance development. Caki-1 was conditioned with increasing sunitinib doses to recapitulate acquired resistance development in clinics. Sunitinib-conditioned and wild-type Caki-1 were subjected to cell viability assay, scratch assay, chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane engraftment and proteomics analysis. Classical biochemical assays like flow cytometry, immunofluorescent staining, immunohistochemical staining, optical coherence tomography imaging, Western Blot and RT-PCR assays were applied to determine the possible mechanism of sunitinib-resistance development and the effect of drug treatments. Publicly available data was also used to determine the role of YB-1 upregulation in ccRCC and the patients’ overall survival.

Results
We demonstrate that YB-1 and ABCB-1 are upregulated in sunitinib-resistant in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo and patient samples compared to the sensitive samples. This provides evidence to a mechanism of acquired sunitinib-resistance development in mccRCC. Furthermore, our results establish that inhibiting ABCB-1 with elacridar, in addition to sunitinib, has a positive impact on reverting sunitinib-resistance development in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models.

Conclusion
This work proposes a targeted therapy (elacridar and sunitinib) to re-sensitize sunitinib-resistant mccRCC and, possibly, slow disease progression.
Arenavirus as a potential etiological agent of odontogenic tumours in humans
Authors: de Feo Marco , De Leo Cristina , Romeo Umberto , Muti Paola , Blandino Giovanni , Di Agostino Silvia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOdontogenic tumors (OT) are considered rare events and their epidemiologic data are scarce and under-estimated in developing countries because there is no systematic collection of clinical features including histological analyses of the tissue samples. Furthermore, there is an underestimation of the disease relevance and affected people are often marginalized in spite of severe functional impairment of aero-digestive tract. Etiology of OT in humans is still unknown and it represents an important therapeutic and diagnostic challenge.Lassa fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic illness caused by Lassa virus, a member of the arenavirus family of viruses. The disease is endemic in the rodent population in West-East Africa. Humans usually become infected with Lassa virus through exposure to the food or household items contaminated with urine or feces of infected rats. It is also reported person-to-person infections. About 80% of people infected by Lassa virus have no symptoms but the virus establishes a life-long persistent infection.The present commentary significance is to start, for the first time ever, a systematic collection of clinical features and tissue sample collection at the St. Mary’s Hospital in Lacor (Gulu) North Uganda where the considered pathologies have an important frequency. The systematic collection will allow to corroborate the possible association between arenaviruses infection and pathogenesis of odontogenic tumors in humans.