bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clot regression effects of rivaroxaban in the treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer (CRERIT-VTE cancer): study protocol
Authors: Takai Shigeki , Nakanishi Naohiko , Yokota Isao , Imai Kojiro , Yamada Ayumu , Kawasaki Takanori , Okada Takashi , Sawada Takahisa , Fujita Hiroshi , Matoba Satoaki 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionAnticoagulant therapy in patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism (VTE) increases the risk of both VTE recurrence and haemorrhagic complication. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been shown to be effective in preventing VTE recurrence, and comparable to conventional therapy in preventing VTE recurrence in patients with advanced cancer. Rivaroxaban is a DOAC that causes thrombus regression, possibly through a profibrinolytic effect. Thrombus regression with initial treatment is essential for VTE patients. However, the thrombolytic effect of DOAC for VTE patients with cancer has not been fully examined. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the thrombolytic effect of rivaroxaban in patients with cancer who develop VTE.Methods and analysisThis study is a single-arm, open-label, prospective interventional study. Forty patients aged from 20 to 75 years old at the time of consent who have been diagnosed with acute VTE and have active cancer are included. Patients are excluded if they have received thrombolytic therapy, have creatinine clearance of less than 30 mL/min, have expected a life expectancy of less than 6 months or have deep vein thrombosis limited to the distal lower leg. Eligible patients receive standard treatment with rivaroxaban (15 mg two times daily for 3 weeks, followed by 15 mg QD). The primary study endpoint is clot regression ratio as evaluated by contrast-enhanced CT imaging. CT imaging is obtained at baseline, 21±4 and 90±14 days after the start of rivaroxaban treatment. Secondary endpoints are the recurrence of VTE and haemorrhagic complications.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the institutional review board of the Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberUMIN000027793
Medication safety problems priorities in community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia: a multi-stakeholder Delphi study using the human factors framework
Authors: Al Juffali Lobna Abdullah , Knapp Peter , Al-Aqeel Sinaa , Watson Margaret C 
Published: November 2019

AimTo achieve multi-stakeholder consensus and prioritisation of medication safety problems in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia.Design and interventionA theoretically-underpinned, three-round Delphi study.SettingSaudi Arabia.ParticipantsPatients and public (pharmacy users), pharmacy-related professionals (policymakers, academics, medication safety officers and pharmacy owners) and community pharmacists.MethodsRound 1 comprised 84 statements derived from a qualitative study. The items were grouped according to the Human Factors Framework (HFF). Rounds 1 and 2 aimed to achieve consensus, 6-point Likert response scale (agreement/disagreement) was used. Round 3 aimed to prioritise the items for which consensus was achieved in Rounds 1 and 2 indicated on a 5-point scale (very important to unimportant). Consensus was predefined as any item that achieved ≥70%.ResultsThe number of respondents in Rounds 1, 2 and 3 was 161, 120 and 112, respectively. In all three rounds, the majority of respondents were pharmacy users (Round 1 77% (n=124), Round 2 74% (n=89), Round 3 72% (n=81)). Consensus was achieved with 28/84 items. The top five medication safety priorities were: lack of pharmacy facilities such as counselling area, lack of communication between pharmacists and physicians, lack of patient databases, lack of post-registration pharmacist education and pharmacists’ long working hours. The professional and pharmacy user groups achieved consensus on similar items through different categories of the HFFs. Community pharmacists had the highest percentage of consensus among the three groups for factors related to work, such as high workload and low salaries.ConclusionThis multi-stakeholder study used the HFF to identify and prioritise the main medication safety challenges facing community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia. It indicates the need for changes to practice and policy and further research to address these priorities and promote medication safety at an individual, pharmacy and population level.
Do bedside whiteboards enhance communication in hospitals? An exploratory multimethod study of patient and nurse perspectives
Authors: Goyal Anupama , Glanzman Hanna , Quinn Martha , Tur Komalpreet , Singh Sweta , Winter Suzanne , Snyder Ashley , Chopra Vineet 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo understand patient and nurse views on usability, design, content, barriers and facilitators of hospital whiteboard utilisation in patient rooms.DesignMultimethods study.SettingAdult medical-surgical units at a quaternary care academic centre.ParticipantsFour hundred and thirty-eight adult patients admitted to inpatient units participated in bedside surveys. Two focus groups with a total of 13 nurses responsible for updating and maintaining the whiteboards were conducted.ResultsMost survey respondents were male (55%), ≥51 years of age (69%) and admitted to the hospital ≤4 times in the past 12 months (90%). Over 95% of patients found the whiteboard helpful and 92% read the information on the whiteboard frequently. Patients stated that nurses, not doctors, were the most frequent user of whiteboards (93% vs 9.4%, p<0.001, respectively). Patients indicated that the name of the team members (95%), current date (87%), upcoming tests/procedures (80%) and goals of care (63%) were most useful. While 60% of patients were aware that they could use the whiteboard for questions/comments for providers, those with ≥5 admissions in the past 12 months were significantly more likely to be aware of this aspect (p<0.001). In focus groups, nurses reported they maintained the content on the boards and cited lack of access to clinical information and limited use by doctors as barriers. Nurses suggested creating a curriculum to orient patients to whiteboards on admission, and educational programmes for physicians to increase whiteboard utilisation.ConclusionBedside whiteboards are highly prevalent in hospitals. Orienting patients and their families to their purpose, encouraging daily use of the medium and nurse–physician engagement around this tool may help facilitate communication and information sharing.
Quality of reporting in abstracts of RCTs published in emergency medicine journals: a systematic survey of the literature suggests we can do better
Authors: Germini Federico , Marcucci Maura , Fedele Marta , Galli Maria Giulia , Heath Tevin , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Salvatori Valentina , Veronese Giacomo , Worster Andrew , Thabane Lehana 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveWe investigated the association between the publication of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials extension for abstracts (CONSORT-EA) and other variables of interest on the quality of reporting of abstracts of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in emergency medicine (EM) journals.MethodsWe performed a survey of the literature, comparing the quality of reporting before (2005–2007) with after (2014–2015) the publication of the dedicated CONSORT-EA in 2008. The quality of reporting was measured as the sum of items of the CONSORT-EA checklist reported in each abstract, ranging from 0 to 15. The main explanatory variable was the period of publication: pre-CONSORT-EA versus post-CONSORT-EA public. Other explanatory variables were journal’s endorsement of the CONSORT statement, number of centres participating in the study, study’s sample size, type of intervention, significance of results, source of funding and study setting. We analysed the data using generalised estimation equations, performing a univariate and a multivariable analysis.ResultsWe retrieved 844 articles, and randomly selected 60 per period for review, after stratifying for journal. The mean (SD) number of items reported was 6.4 (1.9) in the period before and 6.9 (1.8) in the period after the publication of the CONSORT-EA, with an adjusted mean difference (aMD) of 0.47 (95% CI −0.13 to 1.06). Abstracts of trials of pharmacological interventions had a significantly larger mean number of reported items than those of trials of non-pharmacological interventions (aMD 1.59; 95% CI 0.94 to 2.24).ConclusionsThe quality of reporting in abstracts of RCTs published in EM journals is low and was not significantly impacted by the publication of a dedicated CONSORT-EA.
Investigating young adults’ mental health and early working life trajectories from a life course perspective: the role of transitions
Authors: Bültmann Ute , Arends Iris , Veldman Karin , McLeod Christopher B. , van Zon Sander K.R. , Amick III Benjamin C. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundMany young adults leave the labour market because of mental health problems or never really enter it, through early moves onto disability benefits. Across many countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, between 30% and 50% of all new disability benefit claims are due to mental health problems; among young adults this moves up to 50%–80%.OutlineWe propose a research agenda focused on transitions in building young adults’ mental health and early working life trajectories, considering varying views for subgroups of a society. First, we briefly review five transition characteristics, then we elaborate a research agenda with specific research questions.Research agendaOur research agenda focuses on transitions as processes, in time and place and as sensitive periods, when examining young adults’ mental health and early working life trajectories from a life course perspective. As more and more childhood and adolescent cohorts mature and facilitate research on later life labour market, work and health outcomes, transition research can help guide policy and practice interventions.Future cross-disciplinary researchIn view of the many challenges young adults face when entering the changing world of work and labour markets, future research on transitions in young adults related to their mental health and early working life trajectories will provide ample opportunities for collaborative cross-disciplinary research and stimulate debate on this important challenge.
Caregiver Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) profiles in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty and spine surgery: a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Kent Michael L , Jannace Kalyn , Highland Krista B , Dimarzio Maria , Tran Julie , Gonzalez Sara , Buckenmaier Chester C 
Published: November 2019

Background/Objective
The role of caregiver psychosocial characteristics and their relation to postsurgical caregiving capability remains unclear. The objective of this study was to explore caregiver psychosocial variables following surgery of patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty and spine surgery.

Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted where questionnaires were administered to caregivers preoperatively and 1 week/2 weeks/1 month postoperatively. Measures included demographics, caregiver activities and National Institutes of Health Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (NIH PROMIS) item banks. Bivariate analysis assessed differences between participants reporting baseline pain and those reporting no baseline pain. Generalized estimating equation models examined PROMIS T-scores across time.

Results
190 caregivers were enrolled and completed surveys. 18% of caregivers reported experiencing a painful condition where they experienced pain during most days of the week. Across all time points, the majority of caregivers reported no worse than mild impairment across PROMIS scores. Compared with baseline, caregivers reported lower PROMIS satisfaction with social roles across all postoperative time points (p<0.001) and higher depression and fatigue at postoperative day 7 (p=0.002) and 14 (p=0.006). PROMIS sleep disturbance was only higher at day 7 (p=0.01). Caregivers reporting a baseline pain condition reported PROMIS scores indicative of higher anxiety (p=0.02), depression (p=0.003), sleep disturbances (p<0.001) and fatigue (p<0.001) and lower levels of satisfaction with social roles (p=0.002) compared with those caregivers without baseline pain.

Conclusion
While there were transient worsening in PROMIS scores, it is unclear whether these were clinically meaningful. Postsurgical caregivers reporting baseline pain were characterized by worse functioning across all PROMIS scales.
The effect of preventive exercise on the neuroprotection in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat brain
Authors: Rezaee Zeinab , Marandi Sayed Mohammad , Alaei Hojjatallah , Esfarjani Fahimeh 
Published: November 2019

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by neurodegeneration and learning deficiency. Physical exercise can alleviate these symptoms by increasing the expression of some effective and relevant factors. The preventive effect of 16-week treadmill running in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease, before 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induction, was assessed. Experimental groups consisted of sedentary (SED), SED+6-OHDA, exercised (EX), and EX+6-OHDA rats. Forty-eight hours after the last session of exercise, 6-OHDA was injected into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). One week after the injection, behavioral tests, including spatial learning and memory, were assessed through Morris water maze (MWM) and apomorphine-induced rotation. Three weeks after the injection, mRNA expression and protein levels of the transcriptional co-activator peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were measured in the striatum and the hippocampus of rats by applying real-time PCR and Western blotting. The findings indicate that exposure to 6-OHDA leads to impairments in behavioral and molecular functions. Exercise training prevents and reduces the symptoms caused by dopamine toxins. The results suggest that treadmill running can exert neuroprotective and have preventive effects to reduce Parkinson’s disease symptoms. Novelty Parkinson’s disease impairs spatial learning and memory. Parkinson’s disease reduced levels of PGC-1α, FNDC5, and BDNF and increased neurodegeneration in the striatum and the hippocampus. Treadmill running before disease attenuated 6-OHDA-induced memory deficit and elevated neuroprotection. Exercise has multiple effects on memory and biochemical factors.
Hippophae rhamnoides L. polysaccharide enhances antioxidant enzyme activity, cytokine level, and related mRNA expression in intestinal porcine epithelial cells
Authors: Zhao Lei , Li Mu-Yang , Su Shuai , Geng Ting-Ting , Sun Hui 
Published: November 2019

Hippophae rhamnoides L. polysaccharide (HRP) has antioxidant and immunomodulatory actions. It has been reported that HRP can reduce the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of HRP on immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity in intestinal porcine jejunum epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells. Effective conditions of HRP (0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 μg mL−1) were evaluated by pretreatment of IPEC-J2 cells for 24 h. The results showed that pretreatment with 0–600 μg mL−1 of HRP enhanced cell survival rate, while more than 600 μg mL−1 posed a threat to IPEC-J2 cell viability and lowered cell survival rate (p < 0.05). In addition, results revealed that, compared with the control group, the treatment of IPEC-J2 cells with 200–600 μg mL−1 of HRP for 24 h decreased ROS, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl levels, and cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha were elevated, and enhanced relative mRNA levels were also shown in the IPEC-J2 cells. Both the contents of immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin A, and immunoglobulin G elevated with the increases of HRP concentration (200, 400, and 600 μg mL−1), and an increase of catalase relative mRNA levels were also observed in IPEC-J2 cells. Data indicated that 600 μg mL−1 of HRP had a potent protective effect on IPEC-J2 cells. Taken together, these results suggested that HRP was effective in regulating intestinal epithelial cells in piglets.
Flexor Subzone II A–D Range of Motion Progression during Healing on a No-Splint, No-Tenodesis Protection, Immediate Full Composite Extension Regimen
Authors: Henry Mark , Lundy Forrest H. 
Published: November 2019

Background: The objective was to study the hypotheses that an advanced zone II flexor tendon rehabilitation protocol would avoid rupture, achieve a high range of excursion, and minimize interphalangeal contracture during both the early phases and at the conclusion of healing. We also proposed the null hypothesis of no difference between any two of the zone II subdivisions. Methods: Fifty-one consecutive adult patients with zone II flexor tendon repairs of a single finger were retrospectively evaluated on an active contraction rehabilitation protocol with no splint, no tenodesis protection, and immediate full composite extension. There were 38 males and 13 females with a mean age of 39 years (range 18–69) involving 15 index, 7 long, 6 ring, and 23 small fingers. Repairs were located in flexor subzone IIA for 8 fingers; subzone IIB, 14; subzone IIC, 19; and subzone IID, 10. Differences in outcome between any two subzones were compared by T-test with p < 0.05. Results: Mean active arcs of motion in degrees at 3 weeks post repair were PIP 1-93; DIP 0-44; and total active motion (TAM) 221. At 6 weeks PIP 2–98; DIP 1–51; and TAM 236. At 10–12 weeks PIP 1–101; DIP 1–56; and TAM 246. Final TAM by flexor subzone IIA was 243; IIB, 251; IIC, 246; and IID, 246. There were no significant differences between any two subzones. Mean final DASH score was 5. There were no ruptures. Conclusions: The results support the hypotheses. Outcomes of the therapy protocol demonstrated the lack of interphalangeal joint flexion contractures, high range of total active motion achieved early and sustained, and no ruptures. No differences were identified between and two of the flexor subzones.
How optimal is bimanual tracking? The key role of hand coordination in space
Authors: Mathew James , de Rugy Aymar , Danion Frederic R. 
Published: November 2019

When coordinating two hands to achieve a common goal, the nervous system has to assign responsibility to each hand. Optimal control theory suggests that this problem is solved by minimizing costs such as the variability of movement and effort. However, the natural tendency to produce similar movements during bimanual tasks has been somewhat ignored by this approach. We consider a task in which participants were asked to track a moving target by means of a single cursor controlled simultaneously by the two hands. Two types of hand-cursor mappings were tested: one in which the cursor position resulted from the average location of two hands (Mean) and one in which horizontal and vertical positions of the cursor were driven separately by each hand (Split). As expected, unimanual tracking performance was better with the dominant hand than with the more variable nondominant hand. More interestingly, instead of exploiting this effect by increasing the use of the dominant hand, the contributions from both hands remained symmetrical during bimanual cooperative tasks. Indeed, for both mappings, and even after 6min of practice, the right and left hands remained strongly correlated, performing similar movements in extrinsic space. Persistence of this bimanual coupling demonstrates that participants prefer to maintain similar movements at the expense of unnecessary movements (in the Split task) and of increased noise from the nondominant hand (in the Mean task). Altogether, the findings suggest that bimanual tracking exploits hand coordination in space rather than minimizing motor costs associated with variability and effort. NEW & NOTEWORTHY When two hands are coordinated to achieve a common goal, optimal control theory proposes that the brain assigns responsibility to each hand by minimizing movement variability and effort. Nevertheless, we show that participants perform bimanual tracking using similar contributions from the dominant and nondominant hands, despite unnecessary movements and a less accurate nondominant hand. Our findings suggest that bimanual tracking exploits hand coordination in space rather than minimizing motor costs associated with variability and effort.
Lack of mutant huntingtin in cortical efferents improves behavioral inflexibility and corticostriatal dynamics in Huntington’s disease mice
Authors: Estrada-Sánchez Ana María , Blake Courtney L. , Barton Scott J. , Howe Andrew G. , Rebec George V. 
Published: November 2019

Abnormal communication between cerebral cortex and striatum plays a major role in the motor symptoms of Huntington’s disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation of the huntingtin gene ( mHTT). Because cortex is the main driver of striatal processing, we recorded local field potential (LFP) activity simultaneously in primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsal striatum (DS) in BACHD mice, a full-length HD gene model, and in a conditional BACHD/Emx-1 Cre (BE) model in which mHTT is suppressed in cortical efferents, while mice freely explored a plus-shaped maze beginning at 20 wk of age. Relative to wild-type (WT) controls, BACHD mice were just as active across >40 wk of testing but became progressively less likely to turn into a perpendicular arm as they approached the choice point of the maze, a sign of HD motor inflexibility. BE mice, in contrast, turned as freely as WT throughout testing. Although BE mice did not exactly match WT in LFP activity, the reduction in alpha (8–13 Hz), beta (13–30 Hz), and low-gamma (30–50 Hz) power that occurred in M1 of turning-impaired BACHD mice was reversed. No reversal occurred in DS. In fact, BE mice showed further reductions in DS theta (4–8 Hz), beta, and low-gamma power relative to the BACHD model. Coherence analysis indicated a dysregulation of corticostriatal information flow in both BACHD and BE mice. Collectively, our results suggest that mHTT in cortical outputs drives the dysregulation of select cortical frequencies that accompany the loss of behavioral flexibility in HD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY BACHD mice, a full-length genetic model of Huntington’s disease (HD), express aberrant local field potential (LFP) activity in primary motor cortex (M1) along with decreased probability of turning into a perpendicular arm of a plus-shaped maze, a motor inflexibility phenotype. Suppression of the mutant huntingtin gene in cortical output neurons prevents decline in turning and improves alpha, beta, and low-gamma activity in M1. Our results implicate cortical networks in the search for therapeutic strategies to alleviate HD motor signs.