bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methanopyrales
Authors: Shao Nana , Akinyemi Taiwo S. , Whitman William B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Me.tha.no.py.ra'les. N.L. masc. n.
Methanopyrus
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
the ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Methanopyrales
the order of
Methanopyrus
.

Euryarchaeota / Methanopyria / Methanopyrales

The order currently consists of one family
Methanopyraceae
and one genus
Methanopyrus
with one species
Methanopyrus kandleri
. Cells are rods and nonsporulating. Cell division by septum formation. Cell wall consists of an inner pseudomurein and an outer proteinaceous S‐layer. Gram‐stain‐positive. Strictly anaerobic. Growth is chemolithoautotrophic with H
2
/CO
2
converted to CH
4
as energy‐forming reaction. 2,3‐Di‐
O
‐phytanyl‐
sn
‐glycerol and 2,3‐di‐
O
‐geranylgeranyl‐
sn
‐glycerol present in the lipids. Cyclic 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate present intracellularly at high concentrations. Growth optimum near pH 6.5. Hyperthermophilic. No growth occurs below 84°C. Optimum growth temperature, 98–100°C; maximum, up to 116°C. Occur in deep‐sea hydrothermal fields. Genome sequences have been determined for the type strain of the type species,
Methanopyrus kandleri
AV19
T
, and two other unclassified strains,
Methanopyrus
sp. SNP6 and KOL6.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 57.7–61.2 (Genome).

Type genus
:
Methanopyrus
Kurr et al. 1991, VL41.
Development and Evaluation of a Clinic for Elderly Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multimorbidity: A Pilot Study
Authors: van Moerbeke Anne , Magdelijns Fabienne , Cleutjens Fiona , Boonen Annelies , van Onna Marloes 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveIntegrating patient’s and physician’s goals, especially in elderly patients with multimorbidity, might ultimately improve care. Efforts to develop such care innovations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are lacking. The objective of our study was to develop and to pilot test a clinic for elderly patients with RA and multimorbidity.MethodsFirst, a referral strategy for and the content of an Elderly Multimorbidity Clinic (EMC) was developed. Next, the EMC was implemented, and it primarily focused on the personal goals of patients and medication review. The EMC was evaluated in a quantitative–qualitative approach.ResultsReferral considered useful by the rheumatologist was chosen as the referral criterion. A rheumatologist and internist–geriatrician provided care to referred patients (≥ 55 years) at the EMC during three visits over 1 year. Twenty patients with RA participated in the pilot study (mean age 76.8±7.7 years; 30% male). Only 12 (60%) patients attended the first follow‐up consultation, and three (15%) attended the second follow‐up consultation. During any follow‐up visit, 9/12 (75%) patients achieved one or more goals. Examples of accomplished goals were reduction of medication and improvement of mobility. In 19/20 (95%) patients, medication was remediated (stop medication for 13 patients; start medication for five patients) during the first visit. After 1 year, medication was changed back in 10 patients. Rheumatologists revealed uncertainty about meaningful referral, and patients and rheumatologists mentioned high (caregiver) burden because of extra visits as reasons for not attending follow‐up. Patients were satisfied with the care provided.ConclusionThis goal‐directed EMC led to the accomplishment of at least one goal in 75% of patients. Sustained benefits could not be demonstrated because of low follow‐up.
Wearable Soft Technologies for Haptic Sensing and Feedback
Authors: Yin Jessica , Hinchet Ronan , Shea Herbert , Majidi Carmel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) systems have garnered recent widespread attention due to increased accessibility, functionality, and affordability. These systems sense user inputs and typically provide haptic, audio, and visual feedback to blend interactive virtual environments with the real world for an enhanced or simulated reality experience. With applications ranging from immersive entertainment, to teleoperation, to physical therapy, further development of this technology has the potential for impact across multiple disciplines. However, VR/AR devices still face critical challenges that hinder integration into everyday life and additional applications; namely, the rigid and cumbersome form factor of current technology that is incompatible with the dynamic movements and pliable limbs of the human body. Recent advancements in the field of soft materials are uniquely suited to provide solutions to this challenge. Devices fabricated from flexible and elastic bio‐compatible materials have significantly greater compatibility with the human body and could lead to a more natural VR/AR experience. This review reports state‐of‐the‐art experimental studies in soft materials for wearable sensing and haptic feedback in VR/AR applications, explores emerging soft technologies for on‐body devices, and identifies current challenges and future opportunities toward seamless integration of the virtual and physical world.
Nano Polymorphism‐Enabled Redox Electrodes for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Mei Jun , Wang Jinkai , Gu Huimin , Du Yaping , Wang Hongkang , Yamauchi Yusuke , Liao Ting , Sun Ziqi , Yin Zongyou 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNano polymorphism (NPM), as an emerging research area in the field of energy storage, and rechargeable batteries, have attracted much attention recently. In this review, the recent progress on the composition and formation of polymorphs, and the evolution processes of different redox electrodes in rechargeable metal‐ion, metal–air, and metal–sulfur batteries are highlighted. First, NPM and its significance for rechargeable batteries are discussed. Subsequently, the current NPM modulation strategies of different types of representative electrodes for their corresponding rechargeable battery applications are summarized. The goal is to demonstrate how NPM could tune the intrinsic material properties, and hence, improve their electrochemical activities for each battery type. It is expected that the analysis of polymorphism and electrochemical properties of materials could help identify some “processing–structure–properties” relationships for material design and performance enhancement. Lastly, the current research challenges and potential research directions are discussed to offer guidance and perspectives for future research on NPM engineering.
Recent Progress of 3d Transition Metal Single‐Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Xu Chaochen , Vasileff Anthony , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent studies have shown that single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have significantly better catalytic activity and selectivity for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) compared to their bulk metal and nanostructured counterparts. However, there are few relevant articles reviewing SACs for the CRR, despite their importance in the field. Herein, the scope of this review is the recent development of single‐atom 3d‐block transition metal catalysts (metal = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) and their application as electrocatalysts for the CRR. The recent representative works by metal are summarized. Results show that 1) Ni and Fe SACs exhibit superior catalytic performance for CO evolution; 2) Co, Mn, Zn SACs are less reported due to their relative inertness for the CRR; 3) Cu SACs have ordinary catalytic activity for the CRR, however, C2 products are observed in a few reports. Point (3) is attractive to the prospective study of CO2 to highly reduced products. Finally, some suggestions for the future development of SACs for the CRR are briefly proposed.
Recent Progress of Nanoscale Metal‐Organic Frameworks in Synthesis and Battery Applications
Authors: Zhong Ming , Kong Lingjun , Zhao Kun , Zhang Ying‐Hui , Li Na , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs one type of promising inorganic–organic hybrid crystal material, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted widespread attention in many potential fields, particularly in energy storage and conversion. Recently, effective strategies have been developed to construct uniform nanoscale MOFs (NMOFs), which not only retain inherent advantages of MOFs but also develop some improved superiorities, including shorter diffusion pathway for guest transportation and more accessible active sites for surface adsorption and reaction. Additonally, their nanometer size provides more opportunity for post‐functionalization and hybridization. In this review, recent progress on the preparation of NMOFs is summarized, primarily through bottom‐up strategies including reaction parameter‐ and coordination‐assisted synthesis, and top‐down strategies such as liquid exfoliation and salt‐template confinement. Additionally, recent applications of NMOFs in batteries as electrodes, separators, and electrolytes is discussed. Finally, some important issues concerning the fabrication and application are emphasized, which should be paid attention in future.
In Situ Polymerized Conjugated Poly(pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone)/Carbon Nanotubes Composites for High‐Performance Cathode of Sodium Batteries
Authors: Shi Ruijuan , Liu Luojia , Lu Yong , Li Yixin , Zheng Shibing , Yan Zhenhua , Zhang Kai , Chen Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSodium batteries have attracted much attention in recent years because of their comprehensive electrochemical performance, high abundance, and low cost of sodium resources. However, the unsatisying energy density and poor cycling stability of current sodium batteries restrict their large‐scale applications. Here an in situ polymerization method to construct π‐conjugated poly(pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone)/carbon nanotubes (PPTO–CNTs) composites as cathode materials for sodium batteries is used. It is found that the π–π interaction between PPTO and CNTs in PPTO–CNTs composites overcomes the repulsion between each PPTO unit, leading to a flat configuration of PPTO and enhancing the electronic conductivity and active sites accessibility of PPTO–CNTs composites. Thus, PPTO–CNTs electrodes display a high discharge capacity of 360.2 mAh g−1, long cycling stability (a capacity retention of 95.1% after 1300 cycles), and high rate capability (194.5 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1). Moreover, a pouch‐type Na//PPTO–CNTs cell with an energy density of ≈204.0 Wh kg−1PPTO+Na is fabricated, exhibiting a capacity retention of 91.2% after 100 cycles. In addition, the combination of experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrates the four‐sodium‐ion redox chemistry mechanism of each PPTO molecule unit. This work should promote the practical application of conjugated polymers in high‐performance sodium batteries.
Synergistic Effect of Nitrogen and Sulfur Dual‐Doping Endows TiO2 with Exceptional Sodium Storage Performance
Authors: Fan Mengna , Lin Zhihua , Zhang Pei , Ma Xiangdong , Wu Kaipeng , Liu Meilin , Xiong Xunhui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImproving the diffusion kinetics of sodium ions within TiO2 and its intrinsic electronic conductivity is indispensable to enhance the rate capability and long cyclic stability of TiO2 anodes for sodium‐ion batteries. Although single‐heteroatom doping into TiO2 has been widely investigated, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of dual‐heteroatoms doping on the sodium storage performance of TiO2 is still lacking. Herein, nitrogen and sulfur dual‐doping is proposed to achieve a high doping concentration for anatase TiO2 hollow spheres. Experimental data and theoretical calculations reveal that N doping can efficiently narrow the bandgap of TiO2, while S doping is effective in facilitating Na+ diffusion within TiO2. Thus N and S codoped TiO2 shows remarkably boosted electronic conductivity, as well as accelerated sodium ion transfer kinetics owing to the synergistic effect of different doping heteroatoms, which leads to exceptional rate performance (307.5 and 156.4 mAh g−1 at 33.5 and 5025 mA g−1, respectively), and extraordinary cycling stability (90.5% retention over 2400 cycles at 3350 mA g−1). The greatly improved electrochemical performance emphasizes the importance of defects engineering in the rational design of advanced battery materials.
Beef quality assurance schemes: Can they improve farm economic performance?
Authors: Tsakiridis Andreas , Wallace Michael , Breen James , O'Donoghue Cathal , Hanrahan Kevin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBeef quality assurance initiatives have been developed to assure consumers of the quality and safety of supplied beef, as well as the environmental‐orientation of farm production practices. However, the potential economic benefits of quality schemes to European beef cattle farmers have been overlooked. This paper uses farm‐level data to identify the drivers of Irish farmers’ participation in Bord Bia's Beef and Lamb Quality Assurance Scheme (BLQAS) in 2012, and assesses the impact of participation on farm gross margins. After controlling for potential self‐selection bias, we cannot find reliable evidence that the gross margins of participants in beef quality assurance schemes have been affected by their decision to participate. Consequently, lack of financial incentives can be a barrier to farmer participation in beef quality assurance schemes [EconLit citations: L25, M21, Q12].
Screen‐printing of nanocube‐based flexible microchips for the precise biosensing of ethanol during fermentation
Authors: Zhang Sijian , Xie Ying , Feng Jingyu , Chu Zhenyu , Jin Wanqin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe real‐time and full concentration analysis of ethanol during the fermentation reaction allows the precise control of the microbial metabolism to promote the conversion rate; however, only few techniques can directly detect the fermentation broth without pretreatment. To address this issue, a screen‐printed biosensing microchip (SPBM) was proposed to analyze the ethanol concentration in fermentation, relying on designing a well‐defined nanocubic structure of an Au nanoparticles/nickel hexacyanoferrate nanocomposite. This nanocomposite was then made into a printing ink for the direct fabrication of a SPBM. The as‐prepared microchip exhibits an ultrahigh electrocatalysis on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with a high sensitivity of 96.2 ± 2.9 μA·mM−1·cm−2. Moreover, after the immobilization of alcohol dehydrogenase, the accurate and rapid monitoring of the ethanol concentration during the real fermentation reaction can be realized within an ultrawide linear range of 0.1–10 M in the broth without any pretreatment.
The character of conflict: A bioarchaeological study of violence in the Nasca highlands of Peru during the Late Intermediate Period (950–1450 C.E.)
Authors: McCool Weston C. , Tung Tiffiny A. , Coltrain Joan Brenner , Accinelli Obando Aldo Javier , Kennett Douglas J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study uses osteological and radiocarbon datasets combined with formal quantitative analyses to test hypotheses concerning the character of conflict in the Nasca highlands during the Late Intermediate Period (LIP, 950–1450 C.E.). We develop and test osteological expectations regarding what patterns should be observed if violence was characterized by intragroup violence, ritual conflict, intermittent raiding, or internecine warfare.Materials and methodsCrania (n = 267) were examined for antemortem and perimortem, overkill, and critical trauma. All age groups and both sexes are represented in the sample. One hundred twenty‐four crania were AMS dated, allowing a detailed analysis of diachronic patterns in violence among various demographic groups.ResultsThirty‐eight percent (102/267) of crania exhibit some form of cranial trauma, a significant increase from the preceding Middle Horizon era. There are distinct trauma frequencies within the three subphases of the LIP, but Phase III (1300–1450 C.E.) exhibits the highest frequencies of all trauma types. Males exhibit significantly more antemortem trauma than females, but both exhibit similar perimortem trauma rates.DiscussionThere was chronic, internecine warfare throughout the Late Intermediate Period with important variations in violence throughout the three temporal phases. Evidence for heterogeneity in violent mortality shows a pattern consistent with social substitutability, whereby any and all members of the Nasca highland population were appropriate targets for lethal and sublethal violence. We argue that by testing hypotheses regarding the targets and types of conflict we are better able to explain the causes and consequences of human conflict.
Broadening the Horizon of the Bell–Evans–Polanyi Principle towards Optically Triggered Structure Planarization
Authors: Chen Yi , Chang Kai‐Hsin , Meng Fan‐Yi , Tseng Sheng‐Ming , Chou Pi‐Tai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFinding a relationship between kinetics and thermodynamics may be difficult. However, semi‐empirical rules exist to compensate for this shortcoming, among which the Bell–Evans–Polanyi (B‐E‐P) principle is an example for reactions involving bond breakage and reformation. We expand the B‐E‐P principle to a new territory by probing photoinduced structure planarization (PISP) of a series of dibenz[b,f]azepine derivatives incorporating bent‐to‐planar and rotation motion. The latter involves twisting of the partial double bond character, thereby inducing a barrier that is substituent dependent at the para N‐phenyl position. The transition‐state structure and frequency data satisfy and broaden the B‐E‐P principle to PISP reactions without bond rearrangement. Together with dual emissions during PISP, this makes possible harnessing of the kinetics/thermodynamics relationship and hence ratiometric luminescence properties for excited‐state structural transformations.
Anion Texturing Towards Dendrite‐Free Zn Anode for Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Yuan Du , Zhao Jin , Ren Hao , Chen Yingqian , Chua Rodney , Jie Ernest Tang Jun , Cai Yi , Edison Eldho , Manalastas William , Wong Ming Wah , Srinivasan Madhavi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe reversibility of metal anode is a fundamental challenge to the lifetime of rechargeable batteries. Though being widely employed in aqueous energy storage systems, metallic zinc suffers from dendrite formation that severely hinders its applications. Here we report texturing Zn as an effective way to address the issue of zinc dendrite. An in‐plane oriented Zn texture with preferentially exposed (002) basal plane is demonstrated via a sulfonate anion‐induced electrodeposition, noting no solid report on (002) textured Zn till now. Anion‐induced reconstruction of zinc coordination is revealed to be responsible for the texture formation. Benchmarking against its (101) textured‐counterpart by the conventional sulphate‐based electrolyte, the Zn (002) texture enables highly reversible stripping/plating at a high current density of 10 mA cm−2, showing its dendrite‐free characteristics. The Zn (002) texture‐based aqueous zinc battery exhibits excellent cycling stability. The developed anion texturing approach provides a pathway towards exploring zinc chemistry and prospering aqueous rechargeable batteries.
Tailoring the Pore Size and Chemistry of Ionic Ultramicroporous Polymers for Trace Sulfur Dioxide Capture with High Capacity and Selectivity
Authors: Suo Xian , Yu Ying , Qian Siheng , Zhou Lin , Cui Xili , Xing Huabin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHere we demonstrate the deep removal of SO2 with high uptake capacity (1.55 mmol g−1) and record SO2/CO2 selectivity (>5000) at ultra‐low pressure of 0.002 bar, using ionic ultramicroporous polymers (IUPs) with high density of basic anions. The successful construction of uniform ultramicropores via polymerizing ionic monomers into IUPs enables the fully exploitation of the selective anionic sites. Notably, the aperture size and surface chemistry of IUPs can be finely tuned by adjusting the branched structure of ionic monomers, which play critical roles in excluding CH4 and N2, as well as reducing the coadsorption of CO2. The swelling property of IUPs with adsorption of SO2 contributed to the high SO2 uptake capacity and high separation selectivity. Systematic investigations including static gas adsorption, dynamic breakthrough experiments, stability tests and modeling studies confirmed the efficient performance of IUPs for trace SO2 capture.
Centrifugally spun carbon fibers prepared from aqueous poly(vinylpyrrolidone) solutions as binder‐free anodes in lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Chavez Roberto Orrostieta , Lodge Timothy P. , Huitron Juan , Chipara Mircea , Alcoutlabi Mataz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAqueous solutions of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) of various concentrations (20, 25, and 28 wt%) were successfully spun into fibers by centrifugal spinning. The pristine PVP fibers were annealed and carbonized to produce flexible carbon fibers for use as binder‐free anodes in lithium‐ion batteries. These flexible carbon fibers were prepared by developing a novel three‐step heat treatment to reduce the residual stresses in the pristine PVP precursor fibers, and to prevent fiber degradation during carbonization. The thermogravimetric analysis data showed that the annealed fibers yielded a residual mass percentage of 36.0% while the pristine PVP fibers suffered a higher mass loss and only retained 26.5% of original mass above 450 °C (under nitrogen). The electrochemical performance of the carbon‐fiber anodes was evaluated by conducting galvanostatic charge/discharge, rate performance, and cycle voltammetry experiments. The 20, 25, and 28 wt% derived binder‐free anodes delivered specific charge capacities of 205, 189, and 275 mAh g−1, respectively, after the first cycle at a current density of 100 mA g−1. The results obtained in this work indicate that a feasible pathway towards a large‐scale production of carbon‐fiber anodes from a 100% aqueous solution can be achieved via centrifugal spinning and subsequent heat treatment.
Preparation and antibacterial properties of waterborne UV cured coating modified by quaternary ammonium compounds
Authors: Wu Yan , Gan Jian , Yang Feng , Zhang Haiqiao , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, the antibacterial properties and mechanism of waterborne UV cured acrylic coatings (WUV) modified by quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) is discussed, as well as the changes in the antibacterial properties of QAC under the action of different additives. (60 wt% methanol, 60 wt% ethanol, and 75 wt% ethanol). And the chemical cross‐linking method is used to combine WUV with QAC. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to characterize the modified WUV. The antibacterial properties of three antibacterial agents in liquid coatings (WUV‐L) and cured coating films (WUV‐C) are investigated. The SEM images showed many irregular wrinkles appeared on the surface of modified coating films. The FTIR result showed the hydroxyl groups promoted the binding ability of the antibacterial agents and coating, and the XPS result revealed that the increase of −NR4+ concentration enhanced the antibacterial properties of coating films. The antibacterial properties of WUV‐L and WUV‐C improved with the increase of QAC. Theoretical antibacterial agents mass fraction of 5% or higher was found to have the highest antibacterial rate (>90.00%) for WUV modification, among, the WUV modified by QAC‐m60 is the best with the antibacterial rate reaching to 99.73% in WUV‐L and 99.67% in WUV‐C.