bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membrane made of Methylcellulose and Ammonium Nitrate
Authors: Abdullah S. , Ahmad A.S , Latif K.S.A , Sobri N.A.M , Abdullah N. , Hashim N. , Yahya N.M , Mohamed R.M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, the application of portable electronics devices such as smartphone, notebook and tablet playing important role in daily life. This portable electronic devices required portable powering sources such as battery. However, the current battery technology containing liquid electrolyte which is hazardous and harmful when leaking. Therefore, the major purpose of this study was to propose a new biodegradable, safe and low cost solid polymer electrolyte (SPEs) mainly from Methylcellulose (MC) doped Ammonium Nitrate (AN). The study was conducted by using casting method as it is the most appropriate technique due to its simplicity and low cost. Methylcellulose (MC) as the host was doped with different weight percentage (wt%)of Ammonium Nitrate (AN) to fabricate SPEs. The result shows the adding of AN onto MC was significantly enhanced the physical properties of SPEs. The loading of 2g MC with 25% AN (MC2_25AN) yield the highest conductivity at 3.5 × 10−7 Sm−1 at room temperature. Furthermore, the MC2_25AN poses a good stability with the lowest swelling rate. Therefore, the use of low cost and biodegradable MC and AN have a great potential to replace the hazardous electrolyte in electrochemical powering sources.
Soft-Sensing Estimation of Optical Density for PHA Production Using Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network
Authors: Mamat Nor Hana , Mohd Noor Samsul Bahari , Che Soh Azura , Saleena Taip Farah , Rashid Ahmad Hazri Ab. , Jufika Ahmad Nur Liyana , Yusof Ishak Mohd , Mohamad Adida Zuraida 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Biomass concentration is an important indicator of production rate in polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) fermentation process. In current practice, measurement of biomass concentration is done off-line by laboratory analysis that is unsuitable for online process monitoring and control. Soft-sensor is often used as an alternative that provides an estimate of hard to measure parameters from easy to measure process data. However, most of these studies use simulated data or data generated from mathematical model that was developed without full consideration of process and measurement uncertainty. In this study, a soft-sensor is developed from real production data for PHA fermentation in pilot-scale bioreactor with the appropriate data pre-processing techniques applied to process data that was obtained from this system. Multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network is used to estimate biomass concentration using secondary process parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, pH and agitation speed as inputs. Different models are developed based on different batches of production data and various network architecture in order to study the appropriate integration of process data and network topology that gives the best model accuracy. Results indicate that the biomass soft-sensor developed using MLP-ANN provides a better estimate of biomass in comparison to radial basis function (RBF) neural network and support vector regression (SVR) methods. The developed soft-sensor can be further used in monitoring and control of production output.
Effect of Grouser Movement to Sand-Grouser Interaction on Unconsolidated Soft Sand Incline Using Discrete Element Method (DEM) Simulation
Authors: Sabarudin S.S. , Ibrahim A.N. , Jamaludin A.S. , Fukuoka Y. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Wheel rover is a lightweight robot that is used for driving over rough terrain such as on unconsolidated sandy dune incline. Typically, a rover is equipped with fixed grousers on its wheels (conventional grousers). A problem that usually occurs by using conventional grousers is the rover getting stuck on an unconsolidated sandy dune incline as the wheel tends to slip and sink into the sand. This happens when the conventional grousers rotate and moves the sand from below of the wheel to the back of the wheel causing sand accumulated behind the wheel. A solution to minimize sand movement and subsequent sinkage to prevent this problem has been purposed during previous research where a prototype of a wheel rover which uses “adjustable grousers” with adjustable angles. During comparison experiments by previous researcher, the result shows that the length of fixed grousers affect the performance of the wheel in soft terrain and shows high tendency to get stuck in the sand. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction between the rotating motion of a fixed grouser and the sand movement by means of computer simulation. By utilizing computer simulation, the parameters that affects the movement of sand particles was observed. For the simulation process, Discrete Element Method (DEM) is used. The result shows that the longer grouser has higher average of sand displacement and moves higher volume of sand under the rotating wheel. The result will be used to assist in analysing the optimal parameters for wheel design for use on soft sand.
A Study on Fatigue Reduction of Driver by Changing Back Support Position During Long Time Driving
Authors: Yamakawa T. , Asano K. , Yoshida M. , Tsutsumi S. , Hayakawa S. , Ikeura R. , Tsutsui T. , Tobata H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Our main study theme is to reduce fatigue of driver during long time driving. In order to reduce fatigue of drivers during long time driving, we focused on a method of using back support mechanisms to change the posture of the driver. We predicted that fatigue level of driver would change in accordance with the change of back support position. Furthermore, we evaluated the muscle activity change when the support position changed. By examining the correlation between the evaluated data, we expected that the driver’s optimum support position would be found out. As a result of conducting driving and subjective assessment, it was found that there was a difference in fatigue reduction effect on the change of the driver’s back support position. When the driver’s fatigue level was low, muscle activity was low.
Voice Command Intelligent System (VCIS) for Smart Home Application using Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and linear prediction coefficients
Authors: Mohd Ali Yusnita , Mokhtar Nor Fadzilah , Noorsal Emilia , Zulhanip Aida Zulia , Zanal Asmalia , Md Saad Siti Zubaidah , Abdul Samad Nur Aliza 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Voice recognition, command and control systems have played a vital role to facilitate our modern lifestyle and routine operations through hands-free applications. Working people are busy with their routines, simple tasks such as to on/off electrical appliances at home are often overlooked leads to wastage of energy. Besides, the elderly and handicapped often face difficulties to control the electrical appliances due to their physical disability. To overcome, this project aims to develop a voice command intelligent system (VCIS) as an aid to these routine tasks such as to switch on/off a lamp, control a motor and control other modes of operation of home appliances using voice interface. In particular, VCIS involves several development processes such as database collection, pre-processing, feature extraction algorithms and classification modeling for application in smart home. This paper proposes three hierarchical stages in VCIS. The experimental results show that Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) surpassed linear prediction coefficients (LPC) to correlate with the voice commands in all classification stages using artificial neural network. The classification rates were successfully accomplished, 99.12% (MFCC) and 95.23% (LPC). In conclusion, the proposed VCIS can be employed as an efficient method for better quality of life.
Fabrication and Characterization of Light Emitting Diode Based on n-ZnO Nanorods Grown Via a Low-Temperature
Authors: Mohammad Sabah M. , Abd-Alghafour Nabeel M. , Hassan Z. , Ahmed Naser M. , Ahmed Ali Amal Mohamed , Abdalrheem Raed , Abdullah Mundzir 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work, we report the fabrication of a near- ultraviolet (UV) light emitting (LED) device based on the growth of n-ZnO nanorod (NRs) arrays on the p-GaN layer/sapphire substrate heterostructure using the low-cost hydrothermal technique. Morphological, structural and optical properties of the as-fabricated sample are described. The room temperature current-voltage (I–V) measurements of the fabricated LED device confirmed a rectifying diode behaviour. The device presents near UV color under reverse bias. The luminescence properties of were investigated from both sides of the fabricated LED device at room temperature by electroluminescence (EL). EL spectrum of color emitting LED composed of intense peaks centered at 367 nm, 379 nm and a broad band around green emission. EL emission for the device has seen with the naked eye under normal light.
Effect of Thickness and Doping Concentration of Aluminium to the Fabrication of ZnO Photoconductive Sensor
Authors: Abdullah Mohd Hanapiah , Jumidali Mohd Muzafa , Yuseri Nur Yasmin , Mohamed Yusoff Syarifah Adilah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The effect of thickness of aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO), doping concentration of Aluminium as well as the annealing temperature to the fabrication of AZO photoconductor sensor is the main focused of this research. Silvaco TCAD tool is used to fabricate the AZO photoconductor sensor and to obtain the electrical characteristics of the device by using its simulation software. The device performance was investigated with various thicknesses of AZO film, annealing temperatures and different Al doping concentration. The Al doping was varied 1×1017 cm−3, 1×1019 cm−3 and 1×1021 cm−3, the thickness was varied 0.2 nm, 1.0 nm and 1.2 nm and the temperature was varied from 300°C, 500°C and 700°C. The electrical properties of AZO photodetector were characterized using current voltage (I-V) measurement system respectively. The result shows that by changing the thicknesses of aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO), and the doping concentration of aluminium in the zinc oxide have greatly improved the electrical characteristics as well as the electrical performances of the photoconductor sensor. Indeed, the post fabrication and simulation process using simulation tools is helpful for the determination of the parameters during the later process of the real device fabrication.
Synthesis of Anodic TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Annealed at 700°C for UV Photodetector
Authors: Chahrour Khaled M , Yam F K , Lim H S , Abdalrheem Raed 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Anodic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays on Ti foil were synthesized using electrochemical anodization technique and annealed at 700 °C without annihilating the nanotubular assemblies. The nanotubular structure was used to fabricate UV photodetection device based on Metal-Semiconductor-Metal. The photodetection device exhibited UV-sensitive photoresponse characteristics due to the mixed anatase and rutile phases of the TiO2 nanotube arrays. The photoresponse analysis showed good sensitivity to UV light irradiation with excellent stability and reproducibility. Moreover, the UV photodetector revealed the current gain is 7, response time is 0.77 s and decay time is 0.79 s, respectively at biased voltage 4 V. As mentioned above, the UV photodetector based on mixture of anatase and rutile phase nanotube arrays is a recommended nano-optoelectronic apparatus that is remarkably applicable over Ultraviolet band.
Fabrication of Deep Green Light Emitting Diode on Bulk Gallium Nitride Substrate
Authors: Abdul Rais Shamsul Amir bin , Hassan Zainuriah , Abu Bakar Ahmad Shuhaimi bin , Abdul Rahman Muhammad Nazri bin , Yusuf Yusnizam bin , bin Md Taib Muhamad Ikram , bin Sulaiman Abdullah Fadil , binti Hussin Hayatun Najiha , bin Ahmad Mohd Fairus 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The indium composition in InxGa1-xN/GaN multi-quantum well structure e(MQW) is crucial because lower indium composition will shift the wavelength towards ultraviolet region. Nevertheless, at certain indium content in MQW, it will out diffuse from the MQW resulting in the wavelength shift from green to much shorter wavelength, after the annealing process for p-type activation. In this study, we had grown a full Light Emitting Diode device with the MQW layer at a relative high temperature for green LED with indium pre-flow at the top of n-type layer just beneath the MQW using Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) image of the MQW prior and post the activation of p-type had been observed, which resulted in good contrast, showing the abruptness of the MQW layer of the device. Homogenous layers of InxGa1-xN/GaN has been observed. We also managed to reduce the wavelength shift of the device significantly. The optical, crystal properties of grown devices had been studied.
A Development of Plantar Pressure Sensor for Foot Ulcer Detection in Diabetic Neuropathy Individuals – A Pilot Study
Authors: Damanhuri Nor Salwa , Othman Nor Azlan , Wan Zaidi Wan Fatimah Azzahra , Abdullah Samihah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that derived from the body’s inability to attain glucose homeostasis. Further increase in glucose level in the bloodstream, if left untreated, will lead to further metabolic disorder and complication such as amputation of a lower limb that caused by a foot ulcer. Approximately, 60% of diabetic foot ulcer comes from neuropathy. Thus, an early detection of foot ulcer would benefit particularly for diabetes individuals to reduce the risk of amputation. In this research, a plantar pressure sensor system is developed by using the Flexiforce sensor with data acquisition of NI-USB6008 as an interface to gather measurement data. There are four Flexiforce sensors that are placed at the most identified points at the right foot, which are heel, mid foot, fore foot and toe. In this pilot study, the right foot was chosen to be tested with this system. Further analysis was carried out to distinguish between 3 healthy individuals and 3 individuals with diabetes based on gathered plantar pressure value. A correlation study was performed between plantar pressure data and blood glucose data at t = 0 (G
0) to further justify the result before distinguishing the metabolic state of the individual. Although results show no significant different (p<0.05) between these two groups based on 4 measurement points, this research provides a promising finding as some of the pressure reading of diabetes patients are significantly higher than a normal person. Hence, early detection of a foot ulcer is a good indicator that can significantly reduce diabetes-related foot complications through early education and appropriate foot care. This early detection of a foot ulcer also could benefit a better diagnosis and reduce subsequent risk and impact on diabetes-related foot complications.
Temperature effects on electrical and structural properties of MEH-PPV/PEIE OLED Device
Authors: Ismail N A N , Shaari S , Juhari N , Sabani N , Ahmad M F , Zakaria N F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the performance of configuration ITO/MEH-PPV/PEIE/Al OLED under the variations of temperature. The MEH-PPV and MEH-PPV/PEIE thin film were deposited on ITO substrates using spin coating technique with fixed spin speed of 3000 rpm and baked at low temperature ranging from 90 °C to 180 °C, respectively. The surface roughness values for MEH-PPV and MEH-PPV/PEIE films were analysed using AFM with 5 μm × 5 μm scanning area. The roughness of MEH-PPV thin films were reduced from 2.825 nm to 1.625 nm when temperature increased. Contrary to MEH-PPV/PEIE films where the roughness increased linearly up to 3.397 nm when the temperature increased. The maximum absorption peak spectrum obtained from UV-Visible (UV-Vis) was found at 500 nm to 510 nm when baked temperature were varied. Furthermore, the turn on voltage from J-V characteristics gives no specific pattern across different temperature and agreed with the trend of surface roughness values. The turn-on voltage at T = 150 °C gives the lowest value of 3 V. Overall, the variations of low temperature gives an effects on structural and electrical properties of this OLED configuration.
Optimization of Titanium Dioxide Layer Fabrication Using Doctor Blade Method in Improving Efficiency of Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: Kamarulzaman Nurul Huda , Salleh Hasiah , Dagang Ahmad Nazri , Mohd Ghazali Mohd Sabri , Ishak Nurhayati , Ahmad Zakiyah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hybrid solar cell (HSC) in a form of novel photovoltaic is considered among promising research topic due to its low cost’s preparation and environmental friendly solar cells. This paper concerns a systematic study on concentration of TiO2 and effect of coating techniques towards solar cells’s efficiency. However, this paper is limited to doctor blade and spin coating techniques only. These samples were then characterised based on morphology, thickness, optical absorption, electrical conductivity and solar cell’s efficiency using various techniques including FESEM, profilometer, UV-Vis and, autolab with irradiance of 100 mW/m2. From the results, TiO2/PEDOT:PSS with dye Eugenia clavifora (EC) obtained the highest efficiency of 1.33% using doctor blade technique compared to 0.00108% for spin coating technique. Sample thickness was obtained at 60.25 ± 1.20 nm corresponding to the concentration of TiO2 at 0.20 M. Thus, it can be conclude that, power conversion efficiency (PCE) was dependent to the deposition techniques of the thin film.
Investigation on the characteristics of ZnO and ZnO-Pb structure for gamma radiation detection
Authors: Ahmed Ali Amal Mohamed , Ahmed Naser M. , Kabir Norlaili A. , Mohammad Sabah M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films of multilayers structure were fabricated by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method on a glass substrate. After growing, the optical, structural and morphological characterizations of the samples were studied. Moreover, the crystallite size and energy band gap were calculated by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and UV-visible spectrometer, respectively. XRD showed that the crystalline size of the samples decreased with increasing the layers up to four layers, while the energy band gap increased with increasing the layers. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) used to study the morphological properties of the samples. Based on the effective atomic number, electron density and light yield properties of the samples make it suitable to be used as an ionizing radiation detector. Eventually, the samples will be used as a scintillator material to detect ionizing radiation.
Effects of Post-Deposition Annealing Time in Forming Gas Ambient on Y2O3 Films Deposited on Silicon Substrate
Authors: Lim Way Foong , Cheong Kuan Yew , Hassan Zainuriah , Quah Hock Jin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Effects of post-deposition annealing (PDA) time (15, 30, and 45 min) at 800°C in forming gas (95% N2-5% H2) ambient was systematically studied for RF-magnetron sputtered Y2O3 films on n-type Si(100) substrate. X-ray diffraction characterization has revealed the detection of Y2O3 phase oriented in (400), (440), (541), and (543) planes for all of the investigated samples. In addition, capacitance-voltage characteristics of the investigated Al/Y2O3/Si-based metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors were also presented in this work.
The influence of alkanolamine in the formation of Pt nano- and microstructures
Authors: Johan Ooi M D , Abdul Aziz A , Mahmood A , Bakhari N A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Start your abstract here Pt nano- and microstructures have been produced by a solvothermal technique in the presence of diethanolamine (DEA) as a reducing and capping agent. The effect of DEA concentration on Pt properties (structural and morphological) was discussed in detail. A lower DEA concentration produces nanoscale size particles while at higher concentration results in micro-flower structures. Pt crystallinity is enhanced with respect to the increment of DEA concentration in the order of 0.43 M >0.29 M >0.14 M. The presence of amino groups is confirmed by the intense band at ∼1087 cm−1 and absorption peak at 1446 cm−1 corresponds to C-N and N-H bending vibration mode of the amine group. The UV-Visible adsorption peak at 282 nm, due to adsorption of Pt (IV) disappeared implying that the Pt (IV) species has been reduced to Pt (0) valent confirming that DEA acted as a reducing agent. A possible reaction mechanism has been proposed.
Optical limiting behaviour of linear fused ring dichloro-substituent chalcone isomers
Authors: Abdullah Mundzir , Zainuri Dian Alwani , Arshad Suhana , Razak Ibrahim Abdul , Yann Heng Han , Mohammad Sabah M , Mohd Shazlan Siti Nur’Adiilah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The third-order nonlinear optical response of halogen anthracenyl chalcone isomers in dimethyl sulphonate (DMSO) as the solvent has been studied. Single beam Z-scan technique at 532nm of laser excitation wavelength is used to determine magnitude and sign of the nonlinear refractive index (n2) and nonlinear absorption coefficient (β). The samples exhibited a self-focusing effect with a negative from the closed aperture z-scan analysis. The n2 is observed to be 10−8 cm2/W. Open z-scan data showed reverse saturable absorptions with significant β for both samples. The magnitude of β is of the order of 10−4 cm/W. Optical limiting studies show a decrement in transmittance as a function of input fluence. Optical limiting action begins at as low as 20 kW/cm2 of focal input intensity which is ideal for low powered continuous wave laser limiting applications. From the third-order nonlinear properties results, the compound is recommended for optoelectronic and photonics application.
Role of RF Magnetron Sputtering Power on Optical and Electrical Properties of ITO Films on Soda-Lime Glass Substrates
Authors: Asri R.I.M. , Hamzah N.A. , Ahmad M.A. , Md Taib M.Ikram , Sahil S.M.S. , Hassan Z. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The optical and electrical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films grown on soda-lime glass substrates using a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique were studied as a function of the sputtering RF power. Fixed 100 nm thickness of ITO films were deposited on the soda-lime glass substrates at 300 °C, using RF powers ranging between 50 to 150 W. The optical and electrical properties of the sputtered ITO films were characterized by Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Hall Effect Measurement and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Varying the substrate temperature and RF sputtering power affected surface roughness to decrease from 5.80, 4.59 and 3.46 nm while the resistivity also decreased from 18.73 x 10−4, 6.484 x 10−4 and 2.421 x 10−4 Ω.cm. Deposition of ITO thin films on soda-lime glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering at 300 °C substrate temperature contributed to 74 to 79 % of optical transmittance in the 450 nm region. Results of this study suggested that a better performance of both optical transparency and electrical conductivity of ITO films can be achieved by operating at high temperature substrate and high level of sputtering power.