bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divided groups need leadership: A study of the effectiveness of collective identity, dual identity, and intergroup relational identity rhetoric
Authors: Kershaw Christine , Rast David E. , Hogg Michael A. , van Knippenberg Daan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReducing intergroup conflict is a significant leadership challenge. Leaders can alleviate conflict by promoting a collective, dual, or intergroup relational identity, but they should avoid provoking subgroup identity distinctiveness threat. Drawing on intergroup leadership theory, we conducted an experiment (N = 184) examining evaluations of a leader who promoted a dual, collective, or intergroup relational identity under low or high subgroup identity distinctiveness threat. We hypothesized that identity distinctiveness threat would improve evaluations of a leader promoting an intergroup relational identity, and worsen evaluations of a leader promoting a collective identity. Although a leader promoting a dual identity is typically preferred to one promoting a collective identity, we expected a leader promoting dual identity to receive worse evaluations than a leader promoting an intergroup relational identity. These hypotheses were supported, providing additional support for intergroup leadership theory and demonstrating the utility of employing intergroup relational identity rhetoric.
An interpolated biogeographical framework for tropical Africa using plant species distributions and the physical environment
Authors: Marshall Cicely A.M. , Wieringa Jan J. , Hawthorne William D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimExisting phytogeographical frameworks for tropical Africa lack either spatial completeness, unit definitions smaller than the regional scale or a quantitative approach. We investigate whether physical environmental variables can be used to interpolate floristically defined vegetation units, presenting an interpolated, hierarchical, quantitative phytogeographical framework for tropical Africa, which is compared to previously defined regions.LocationTropical mainland Africa 24°N to 24°S.Taxon31,046 vascular plant species and infraspecific taxa.MethodsWe calculate a betasim dissimilarity matrix from a comprehensive whole‐flora database of plant species distributions. We investigate environmental correlates of floristic turnover with local non‐metric multidimensional scaling. We derive a hierarchical biogeographical framework by clustering the dissimilarity matrix. The framework is modelled using a classification decision tree method and 12 physical environmental variables to interpolate and increase the resolution of the framework across the study region.ResultsFloristic turnover is related strongly to water availability and temperature, with smaller contributions from land cover, topographic ruggedness and lithology. Region can be predicted with 90% accuracy by the model. We define 19 regions and 99 districts. We find a novel arrangement of the arid regions. Regional subdivision within the savanna biome is supported with minor variation to borders. Within the forests of west and central Africa, our whole‐flora gridded regionalization supports the divisions identified by a previous analysis of trees only.Main conclusionsPhysical environmental variables can be used to predict floristically defined vegetation units with very high accuracy, and the approach could be pursued for other incompletely sampled taxa and areas outside of tropical Africa. Geographical coherence is higher than in previous quantitative phytoregional definitions. For most tropical African vascular plant species, we provide predictions of which species will occur within each mapped district and region of tropical Africa. The framework should be useful for future studies in ecology, evolution and conservation.
The ghost of connections past: A role for mainland vicariance in the isolation of an insular population of the red‐billed chough (Aves: Corvidae)
Authors: Morinha Francisco , Milá Borja , Dávila José A. , Fargallo Juan A. , Potti Jaime , Blanco Guillermo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimOceanic islands have often been colonized by small groups of individuals dispersing from the nearest mainland, giving rise to insular populations characterized by locally adapted phenotypes and low genetic diversity. Alternatively, due to past geo‐climatic changes, the present‐day distribution of the species may not correspond to that found at the time of the original colonization so that the current mainland distribution may not include the original source area, leading to erroneous assumptions regarding colonization history. Here, we use patterns of genetic variation to evaluate alternative colonization scenarios of an insular passerine in the Canary Islands.LocationLa Palma (Canary Islands), Northern Africa and the Iberian Peninsula.TaxonRed‐billed chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax).MethodsWe use phylogeographical and coalescent analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences and 10 microsatellite loci, together with Bayesian demographic modelling, to determine whether choughs on the island of La Palma originate from (a) present‐day populations in Iberia, (b) present‐day populations in the mountains of inland Morocco or (c) former populations in coastal Morocco, where suitable habitat existed in the past.ResultsBoth the mitochondrial and nuclear datasets indicate that the chough population on La Palma is genetically well differentiated from those in Iberia and Morocco, and that La Palma choughs are more closely related to choughs in Iberia than to those in Morocco. Genetic diversity in La Palma is lower than that of mainland populations, but shows no evidence of past bottlenecks. The best supported demographic model to explain the origin of La Palma choughs that is congruent with both genetic datasets includes a ‘ghost’ population closely related to Iberia, from which the insular population diverged within the last 30,000 years.Main conclusionsOur results are most consistent with the existence of a former connection between La Palma and Iberia along the North African coast, when suitable habitat was found there. Subsequent desertification of these coastal areas led to local extinctions that restricted gene flow between Iberia and the islands, promoting genetic differentiation. Our results provide a counterintuitive solution to a biogeographical enigma, and could help resolve the colonization history of other systems with similarly complex climatic pasts.
Exosomes derived from smooth muscle cells ameliorate diabetes‐induced erectile dysfunction by inhibiting fibrosis and modulating the NO/cGMP pathway
Authors: Song Jingyu , Sun Taotao , Tang Zhe , Ruan Yajun , Liu Kang , Rao Ke , Lan Ruzhu , Wang Shaogang , Wang Tao , Liu Jihong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractErectile dysfunction (ED) is a major health issue among men with diabetes, and ED induced by diabetes mellitus (DMED) is particularly difficult to treat. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of DMED are urgently needed. Exosomes, nanosized particles involved in many physiological and pathological processes, may become a promising tool for DMED treatment. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of exosomes derived from corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC‐EXOs) on erectile function in a rat model of diabetes and compared their effect with that of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC‐EXOs). We incubated labelled CCSMC‐EXOs and MSC‐EXOs with CCSMCs and then observed uptake of the exosomes at different time points using laser confocal microscopy. CCSMC‐EXOs were more easily taken up by CCSMCs. The peak concentration and retention time of labelled CCSMC‐EXOs and MSC‐EXOs in the corpus cavernosum of DMED rats after intracavernous injection were compared by in vivo imaging techniques. Intracavernous injection of CCSMC‐EXOs was associated with a relatively high peak concentration and long retention time. Our data showed that CCSMC‐EXOs could improve erectile function in DMED rats. Meanwhile, CCSMC‐EXOs could exert antifibrotic effects by increasing the smooth muscle content and reducing collagen deposition. CCSMC‐EXOs also increased the expression of eNOS and nNOS, followed by increased levels of NO and cGMP. These findings initially identify the possible role of CCSMC‐EXOs in ameliorating DMED through inhibiting corporal fibrosis and modulating the NO/cGMP signalling pathway, providing a theoretical basis for a breakthrough in the treatment of DMED.
DEPDC1 up‐regulates RAS expression to inhibit autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Aili , Han Xiaodan , Wang Qingqing , Guo Jinyong , Wu Youru , Wang Chen , Huang Guojin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDEP domain containing 1(DEPDC1) is involved in the tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. But its role in tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role and the underlying mechanisms of DEPDC1 in the development of LUAD. The expression and prognostic values of DEPDC1 in LUAD were analysed by using the data from public databases. Gene enrichment in TCGA LUAD was analysed using GSEA software with the pre‐defined gene sets. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 cells were examined with colony formation, Transwell and wound healing assays. The function of DEPDC1 in autophagy and RAS‐ERK1/2 signalling was determined with Western blot assay upon DEPDC1 knockdown and/or overexpression in A549, HCC827 and H1993 cells. The results demonstrated that DEPDC1 expression was up‐regulated in LUAD tissues, and its high expression was correlated with unfavourable prognosis. The data also showed that DEPDC1 knockdown impaired proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 cells. Most notably, the results showed that DEPDC1 up‐regulated RAS expression and thus enhanced ERK1/2 activity, through which DEPDC1 could inhibit autophagy. In conclusion, our study revealed that DEPDC1 is up‐regulated in LUAD tissues and plays an oncogenic role in LUAD, and that DEPDC1 inhibits autophagy through the RAS‐ERK1/2 signalling in A549, HCC827 and H1993 cells.
Loss of lncRNA MIAT ameliorates proliferation and fibrosis of diabetic nephropathy through reducing E2F3 expression
Authors: Ji Ting‐Ting , Qi Ying‐Hui , Li Xiao‐Ying , Tang Bo , Wang Ya‐Kun , Zheng Peng‐Xi , Li Weiliang , Qu Xiaolei , Feng Linhong , Bai Shou‐Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious kidney disease resulted from diabetes. Dys‐regulated proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in mesangial cells contribute to DN progression. In this study, we tested expression level of MIAT in DN patients and mesangial cells treated by high glucose (HG). Up‐regulation of MIAT was observed in DN. Then, functional assays displayed that silence of MIAT by siRNA significantly repressed the proliferation and cycle progression in mesangial cells induced by HG. Meanwhile, we found that collagen IV, fibronectin and TGF‐β1 protein expression was obviously triggered by HG, which could be rescued by loss of MIAT. Then, further assessment indicated that MIAT served as sponge harbouring miR‐147a. Moreover, miR‐147a was decreased in DN, which exhibited an antagonistic effect of MIAT on modulating mesangial cell proliferation and fibrosis. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis displayed that E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) could act as direct target of miR‐147a. We demonstrated that E2F3 was greatly increased in DN and the direct binding association between miR‐147a and E2F3 was evidenced using luciferase reporter assay. In summary, our data explored the underlying mechanism of DN pathogenesis validated that MIAT induced mesangial cell proliferation and fibrosis via sponging miR‐147a and regulating E2F3.
Impaired insulin secretion predicting unstable glycemic variability and time below range in type 2 diabetes patients regardless of glycated hemoglobin or diabetes treatment
Authors: Miya Aika , Nakamura Akinobu , Handa Takahisa , Nomoto Hiroshi , Kameda Hiraku , Cho Kyu Yong , Nagai So , Miyoshi Hideaki , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo identify the coefficient of variation (CV) threshold for unstable glucose variability (GV) and hypoglycemia, and to characterize a patient population with unstable GV and hypoglycemia.Materials and MethodsThis was an observational study that enrolled 284 Japanese outpatients with type 2 diabetes who underwent continuous glucose monitoring. The C‐peptide index (CPI = [(fasting serum C‐peptide) / (plasma glucose)] × 100) was used as a marker of endogenous insulin secretion. The CV threshold between stable and unstable GV was defined as the upper limit of the CV distribution in the subgroup of patients who did not receive insulin nor insulin secretagogues (relatively stable GV subgroup, n = 104). The optimal CV range corresponding to time below target range ≥4% was determined for all patients using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Various characteristics of patients with unstable GV and hypoglycemia were extracted using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe upper limit of the CV in the relatively stable GV subgroup was 40. The optimal CV range corresponding to time below target range ≥4% was also defined as CV ≥40 (area under the curve 0.85) for all patients. The CPI was an independent risk for CV ≥40 (odds ratio 0.17, 95% confidence interval 0.04–0.50, P < 0.01). The optimal cut‐off point for CPI to predict a CV cut‐off value of 40 was equivalent to 0.81 (area under the curve 0.80).ConclusionsA CV of 40 discriminates unstable GV and hypoglycemia from stable GV in Japanese outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Impaired insulin secretion might affect the stability of GV.
Building a Global Evidence Base to Guide Policy and Implementation for Group Antenatal Care in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: Key Principles and Research Framework Recommendations from the Global Group Antenatal Care Collaborative
Authors: Grenier Lindsay , Lori Jody R. , Darney Blair G. , Noguchi Lisa Miyako , Maru Sheela , Klima Carrie , Lundeen Tiffany , Walker Dilys , Patil Crystal L. , Suhowatsky Stephanie , Musange Sabine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEvidence from high‐income countries suggests that group antenatal care, an alternative service delivery model, may be an effective strategy for improving both the provision and experience of care. Until recently, published research about group antenatal care did not represent findings from low‐ and middle‐income countries, which have health priorities, system challenges, and opportunities that are different than those in high‐income countries. Because high‐quality evidence is limited, the World Health Organization recommends group antenatal care be implemented only in the context of rigorous research. In 2016 the Global Group Antenatal Care Collaborative was formed as a platform for group antenatal care researchers working in low‐ and middle‐income countries to share experiences and shape future research to accelerate development of a robust global evidence base reflecting implementation and outcomes specific to low‐ and middle‐income countries. This article presents a brief history of the Collaborative's work to date, proposes a common definition and key principles for group antenatal care, and recommends an evaluation and reporting framework for group antenatal care research.
Effect of a low‐fat diet on serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in Miniature Schnauzers with hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Xenoulis Panagiotis G. , Cammarata Paul J. , Walzem Rosemary L. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypertriglyceridemia is common in Miniature Schnauzer (MS). Dietary management of hypertriglyceridemia is important, but no studies are available.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of a commercially available low‐fat diet on serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in MS with hypertriglyceridemia.AnimalsSixteen MS with hypertriglyceridemia and 28 MS without hypertriglyceridemia.MethodsProspective clinical trial. Four blood samples (1‐2 months before and 1 day before diet change and 2 and 3 months after the dogs were fed the low‐fat diet) were collected from the MS with hypertriglyceridemia.ResultsSerum triglyceride concentrations for the 2 samples after the diet change (median of sample 3 = 177 mg/dL; range, 48‐498; median of sample 4 = 168 mg/dL; range, 77‐745) were significantly lower than the 2 samples before the diet change (median of sample 1 = 480 mg/dL; range, 181‐1320; median of sample 2 = 493 mg/dL; range, 114‐1395; P < .001). Serum cholesterol concentrations for the 2 samples after the diet change (mean for sample 3 = 257 mg/dL, SD = 82.2; mean for sample 4 = 178 mg/dL, SD = 87.4) were also significantly lower than the 2 samples before the diet change (mean for sample 1 = 381 mg/dL, SD = 146.1; mean for sample 2 = 380 mg/dL, SD = 134.7; P < .001). Before the diet change, 15/16 (94%) of hyperlipidemic MS were classified as hyperlipidemic based on their lipoprotein profiles alone. After the diet change, significantly fewer MS (7/16; 44%; odds ratio = 19.3; 95% CI = 2.0‐184.0; P = .006) were classified as hyperlipidemic based on lipoprotein profile analysis.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe study diet was effective in reducing serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and correcting lipoprotein profiles in MS with hypertriglyceridemia.
Age estimation and growth layer patterns in teeth of crabeater seals: A comparison of techniques
Authors: Cebuhar Julieta , Negrete Javier , Botta Silvina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAge estimation of marine mammals provides important information about ecological and life history parameters. Counting growth layer groups (GLGs) in the dentine and cementum of teeth is the most common technique for age estimation in pinnipeds. In this study, we used acid‐etched canines (n = 38) and decalcified stained postcanine sections (n = 40) to calibrate readings in mummified crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophaga). A subsample of this group received a prior cleaning treatment of boiling the teeth with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Ages ranged from 0 to 31 years. Dentine from canines and cementum from postcanines showed higher estimated ages (maximum 31 years) than dentine from postcanines (maximum 24 years), mainly in those teeth that did not receive prior treatment. Boiling with H2O2 has shown to affect cementum structure and, thus, results in underestimated ages, but dentine did not seem to be affected. The results presented here showed that ages can be estimated for the crabeater seal regardless of which tooth/tissue or method is used, at least for seals <13 years old. However, nontreated, stained thin sections of postcanine teeth are recommended because more reliable age estimations in older crabeater seals are obtained.
A Case Report on Spinal Cord Stimulation in an Atrophic Spinal Cord: What Exactly Are We Stimulating?
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Khoury Andrew , Searcy Sam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe present a patient with paraplegia secondary to anterior spinal cord infarct below T6, with subsequent development of chronic low‐back and bilateral lower‐extremity neuropathic pain with an atrophic cord. In this patient with reduced spinal cord mass and modified neuroanatomy, spinal cord stimulation was surprisingly very effective.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this report is to describe a case in which a patient benefited from spinal cord stimulator therapy in a way that is not explained by the traditionally accepted mechanism of action.MethodsA spinal cord stimulator was implanted with two 16‐contact leads placed in series starting at the top of T6.ResultsHe reported complete resolution of low‐back pain and about 50% resolution of bilateral lower‐extremity pain.ConclusionTraditionally accepted mechanisms of action of dorsal column stimulation and suppression of wide‐dynamic‐range neurons are unlikely to explain the relief obtained in our patient with an atrophic spinal cord. No single consensus has been reached on the primary mechanism through which spinal cord stimulation renders its therapeutic effects. Spinal cord stimulator therapy is promising, and the future direction of its study is discussed.
Kidney transplantation in low weight pediatric recipients from adult donors: The short‐ And the long‐term outcomes
Authors: Raza Syed , Alahmadi Ibrahim , Broering Dieter , Alherbish Adi , Ali Tariq 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPediatric patients with end‐stage renal disease wait longer for KT due to shortage of organs and ultra‐selection of donors so that they are age‐ and size‐matched. KT from adult donors is reported to be associated with technical difficulties, complications, and poorer graft survival. We aimed to determine the outcomes of low weight patients who received kidneys from adult donors through extraperitoneal approach. We perform around 40 pediatric transplants/year, mostly from adult donors. Patients were divided into the (LWC: weight < 15 kg) and (HWC: ≥15 kg). From January 2011 to June 2017, 213 patients received KT. KT procedures were performed through extraperitoneal approach. Mean age of recipients was 10 years (5 years and 12 years for LWC and HWC, respectively) and 32 years for donors. Mean weight of recipient was 26 kg (13 kg and 31 kg for LWC and HWC, respectively) and 70 kg for donors. Mean follow‐up was 5.5 years. Acute rejection occurred in 18% and delayed graft function in 5%. Three patients died during follow‐up. Graft survival at 1 year was 97% and 82% at 5 years. Length of stay (P = .57), surgical complications (P = .74), long‐term graft survival (P = .35), and GFR at 5 years (P = .59) were similar in both groups. This study shows that low weight pediatric patients can be transplanted from adult donors with low surgical complications and with favorable patient and graft survival. Extraperitoneal approach is feasible and safe in low weight recipients.
Le Pont de Londres: Interactions between monetary and prudential policies in cross‐border lending
Authors: Bussière Matthieu , Hills Robert , Lloyd Simon , Meunier Baptiste , Pedrono Justine , Reinhardt Dennis , Sowerbutts Rhiannon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing two unique confidential datasets summarizing the cross‐border lending of banks in France and the UK, we examine whether recipient‐country prudential policies can help to reduce the spillover effects of euro‐area (EA) monetary policy. We address this question from a novel angle, focused on the role of international financial centres, by considering differences in bank size and location (lending from French headquarters vs. from French affiliates located in the UK). For small French banks that lack a presence in international financial centres, the response of direct cross‐border lending from France to EA monetary policy is partially offset by recipient‐country prudential policy. For larger banks, however, the offsetting effect applies only to lending that passes through foreign affiliates located in London. This suggests the existence of a “London Bridge”: banks adapt their flows to the UK conditional on EA monetary policy and global prudential policies; and from their UK affiliates to third‐party countries in a manner that depends on local prudential settings.