bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compressive Remodeling Alters Fluid Transport Properties of Collagen Networks – Implications for Tumor Growth
Authors: Ferruzzi J. , Sun M. , Gkousioudi A. , Pilvar A. , Roblyer D. , Zhang Y. , Zaman M. H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBiomechanical alterations to the tumor microenvironment include accumulation of solid stresses, extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening and increased fluid pressure in both interstitial and peri-tumoral spaces. The relationship between interstitial fluid pressurization and ECM remodeling in vascularized tumors is well characterized, while earlier biomechanical changes occurring during avascular tumor growth within the peri-tumoral ECM remain poorly understood. Type I collagen, the primary fibrous ECM constituent, bears load in tension while it buckles under compression. We hypothesized that tumor-generated compressive forces cause collagen remodeling via densification which in turn creates a barrier to convective fluid transport and may play a role in tumor progression and malignancy. To better understand this process, we characterized the structure-function relationship of collagen networks under compression both experimentally and computationally. Here we show that growth of epithelial cancers induces compressive remodeling of the ECM, documented in the literature as a TACS-2 phenotype, which represents a localized densification and tangential alignment of peri-tumoral collagen. Such compressive remodeling is caused by the unique features of collagen network mechanics, such as fiber buckling and cross-link rupture, and reduces the overall hydraulic permeability of the matrix.
A Smartphone-based Diffusometric Immunoassay for Detecting C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Chuang Chih-Shen , Deng Chih-Zong , Fang Yi-Fan , Jiang Hong-Ren , Tseng Pao-Wei , Sheen Horn-Jiunn , Fan Yu-Jui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, we developed a portable smartphone-based diffusometry for analyzing the C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration. An optimized fluorescence microscopic add-on system for a smartphone was used to image the 300 nm fluorescent beads. Sequential nanobead images were recorded for a period and the image data were used for fluorescence correlation spectrometric (FCS) analysis. Through the analysis, the nanobeads’ diffusion coefficient was obtained. Further, the diffusion coefficients of the anti-CRP-coated nanobeads, which were suspended in the samples with various CRP concentrations, were estimated using smartphone-based diffusometry. After 10 min of reaction, the anti-CRP-coated nanobeads in a higher CRP concentration solution led to a lower diffusion coefficient. Based on the experiments, a linear sensing range of 1~8 µg/mL was found.
Direct Simulation Monte Carlo investigation of fluid characteristics and gas transport in porous microchannels
Authors: Shariati Vahid , Ahmadian Mohammad Hassan , Roohi Ehsan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe impetus of the current research is to use the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) algorithm to investigate fluid behaviour and gas transport in porous microchannels. Here, we demonstrate DSMC’s capability to simulate porous media up to 40% porosity. In this study, the porous geometry is generated by a random distribution of circular obstacles through the microchannel with no interpenetration between the obstacles. The influence of the morphology along with rarefaction and gas type on the apparent permeability is investigated. Moreover, the effects of porosity, solid particle’s diameter and specific surface area are considered. Our results demonstrate that although decreasing porosity intensifies tortuosity in the flow field, the tortuosity reduces at higher Knudsen numbers due to slip flow at solid boundaries. In addition, our study on two different gas species showed that the gas type affects slippage and apparent gas permeability. Finally, comparing different apparent permeability models showed that Beskok and Karniadakis model is valid only up to the early transition regime and at higher Knudsen numbers, the current data matches those models that take Knudsen diffusion into account as well.
A Miocene impact ejecta layer in the pelagic Pacific Ocean
Authors: Nozaki Tatsuo , Ohta Junichiro , Noguchi Takaaki , Sato Honami , Ishikawa Akira , Takaya Yutaro , Kimura Jun-Ichi , Chang Qing , Shimada Kazuhiko , Ishibashi Jun-ichiro , Yasukawa Kazutaka , Kimoto Katsunori , Iijima Koichi , Kato Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMeteorite impacts have caused catastrophic perturbations to the global environment and mass extinctions throughout the Earth’s history. Here, we present petrographic and geochemical evidence of a possible impact ejecta layer, dating from about 11 Ma, in deep-sea clayey sediment in the Northwest Pacific. This clay layer has high platinum group element (PGE) concentrations and features a conspicuous negative Os isotope anomaly (187Os/188Os as low as ~0.2), indicating an influx of extraterrestrial material. It also contains abundant spherules that include pseudomorphs suggestive of porphyritic olivine as well as spinel grains with euhedral, dendritic and spherical forms and NiO contents as great as 23.3 wt%, consistent with impact ejecta. Osmium isotope stratigraphy suggests a most plausible depositional age of ~11 Ma (Miocene) for this layer, as determined by fitting with the seawater evolution curve. No large impact crater of this age is known on land, even within the relatively large uncertainty range of the relative Os age. Thus, we suggest that an unrecognised impact event in the middle or late Miocene produced the impact ejecta layer of the Northwest Pacific.
Prospective validation in epithelial tumors of a gene expression predictor of liver metastasis derived from uveal melanoma
Authors: Tsantoulis Petros , Delorenzi Mauro , Bièche Ivan , Vacher Sophie , Mariani Pascale , Cassoux Nathalie , Houy Alexandre , Stern Marc-Henri , Roman-Roman Sergio , Dietrich Pierre-Yves , Roth Arnaud , Cacheux Wulfran 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPredicting the risk of liver metastasis can have important prognostic and therapeutic implications, given the availability of liver-directed therapy. Uveal melanoma has a striking predisposition for liver metastasis despite the absence of anatomical proximity. Understanding its biology may uncover factors promoting liver metastasis in other malignancies. We quantified gene expression by RNAseq in 76 uveal melanomas and combined with public data in a meta-analysis of 196 patients. The meta-analysis of uveal melanoma gene expression identified 63 genes which remained prognostic after adjustment for chromosome 3 status. Two genes, PTP4A3 and JPH1, were selected by L1-penalized regression and combined in a prognostic score. The score predicted liver-specific relapse in a public pan-cancer dataset and in two public colorectal cancer datasets. The score varied between colorectal consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), as did the risk of liver relapse, which was lowest in CMS1. Additional prospective validation was done by real-time PCR in 463 breast cancer patients. The score was significantly correlated with liver relapse in hormone receptor positive tumors. In conclusion, the expression of PTP4A3 and JPH1 correlates with risk of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer and breast cancer. The underlying biological mechanism is an interesting area for further research.
Influence of Land Cover and Soil Moisture based Brown Ocean Effect on an Extreme Rainfall Event from a Louisiana Gulf Coast Tropical System
Authors: Nair Udaysankar S. , Rappin Eric , Foshee Emily , Smith Warren , Pielke Roger A. , Mahmood Rezaul , Case Jonathan L. , Blankenship Clay B. , Shepherd Marshall , Santanello Joseph A. , Niyogi Dev 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExtreme flooding over southern Louisiana in mid-August of 2016 resulted from an unusual tropical low that formed and intensified over land. We used numerical experiments to highlight the role of the ‘Brown Ocean’ effect (where saturated soils function similar to a warm ocean surface) on intensification and it’s modulation by land cover change. A numerical modeling experiment that successfully captured the flood event (control) was modified to alter moisture availability by converting wetlands to open water, wet croplands, and dry croplands. Storm evolution in the control experiment with wet antecedent soils most resembles tropical lows that form and intensify over oceans. Irrespective of soil moisture conditions, conversion of wetlands to croplands reduced storm intensity, and also, non-saturated soils reduced rain by 20% and caused shorter durations of high intensity wind conditions. Developing agricultural croplands and more so restoring wetlands and not converting them into open water can impede intensification of tropical systems that affect the area.
Predicting sedimentary bedrock subsurface weathering fronts and weathering rates
Authors: Wan Jiamin , Tokunaga Tetsu K. , Williams Kenneth H. , Dong Wenming , Brown Wendy , Henderson Amanda N. , Newman Alexander W. , Hubbard Susan S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough bedrock weathering strongly influences water quality and global carbon and nitrogen budgets, the weathering depths and rates within subsurface are not well understood nor predictable. Determination of both porewater chemistry and subsurface water flow are needed in order to develop more complete understanding and obtain weathering rates. In a long-term field study, we applied a multiphase approach along a mountainous watershed hillslope transect underlain by marine shale. Here we report three findings. First, the deepest extent of the water table determines the weathering front, and the range of annually water table oscillations determines the thickness of the weathering zone. Below the lowest water table, permanently water-saturated bedrock remains reducing, preventing deeper pyrite oxidation. Secondly, carbonate minerals and potentially rock organic matter share the same weathering front depth with pyrite, contrary to models where weathering fronts are stratified. Thirdly, the measurements-based weathering rates from subsurface shale are high, amounting to base cation exports of about 70 kmolcha−1y−1, yet consistent with weathering of marine shale. Finally, by integrating geochemical and hydrological data we present a new conceptual model that can be applied in other settings to predict weathering and water quality responses to climate change.
Pharmacokinetics of Exenatide in nonhuman primates following its administration in the form of sustained-release PT320 and Bydureon
Authors: Li Yazhou , Vaughan Kelli L. , Tweedie David , Jung Jin , Kim Hee Kyung , Choi Ho-Il , Kim Dong Seok , Mattison Julie A. , Greig Nigel H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe time-dependent (30 min - day 84) plasma profile of PT320, a sustained-release (SR)-Exenatide formulation under clinical development for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, was evaluated in nonhuman primates after a single subcutaneous dose and was compared to Bydureon. Exenatide release from PT320 exhibited a triphasic pharmacokinetic profile. An initial peak occurred at 3 hr post-administration, a secondary peak at 5 days, and achievement of Exenatide steady-state plasma levels from day 10–28. Systemic exposure increased across PT320 doses, and Exenatide levels were maintained above the therapeutic threshold prior to achieving a steady-state. In contrast, Exenatide release from Bydureon exhibited a biphasic profile, with an initial plasma peak at 3 hr, followed by a rapid decline to a sub-therapeutic concentration, and a gradual elevation to provide a steady-state from day 35–49. Exenatide total exposure, evaluated from the area under the time-dependent Exenatide concentration curve, was similar for equivalent doses of PT320 and Bydureon. The former, however, reached and maintained steady-state plasma Exenatide levels more rapidly, without dipping to a sub-therapeutic concentration. Both SR-Exenatide formulations proved well-tolerated and, following a well-regulated initial release burst, generated steady-state plasma levels of Exenatide, but with PT320 producing continuous therapeutic Exenatide levels and more rapidly reaching a steady-state.
Magnetic nanoantioxidants with improved radical-trapping stoichiometry as stabilizers for inhibition of peroxide formation in ethereal solvents
Authors: Viglianisi Caterina , Scarlini Alessia , Tofani Lorenzo , Menichetti Stefano , Baschieri Andrea , Amorati Riccardo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGraphite-coated magnetic cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) decorated with hindered phenolic antioxidant analogues of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT, E321) provided easily removable nanoantioxidants capable of preventing the autoxidation of organic solvents as tetrahydrofuran (THF).
Self-replenishment cycles generate a threshold response
Authors: Kurata Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMany metabolic cycles, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate cycle, Calvin cycle, urea cycle, coenzyme recycling, and substrate cycles, are well known to catabolize and anabolize different metabolites for efficient energy and mass conversion. In terms of stoichiometric structure, this study explicitly identifies two types of metabolic cycles. One is the well-known, elementary cycle that converts multiple substrates into different products and recycles one of the products as a substrate, where the recycled substrate is supplied from the outside to run the cycle. The other is the self-replenishment cycle that merges multiple substrates into two or multiple identical products and reuses one of the products as a substrate. The substrates are autonomously supplied within the cycle. This study first defines the self-replenishment cycles that many scientists have overlooked despite its functional importance. Theoretical analysis has revealed the design principle of the self-replenishment cycle that presents a threshold response without any bistability nor cooperativity. To verify the principle, three detailed kinetic models of self-replenishment cycles embedded in anE. colimetabolic system were simulated. They presented the threshold response or digital switch-like function that steeply shift metabolic status.
Synthesis of a bulk nanostructured metastable Al alloy with extreme supersaturation of Mg
Authors: Han Jae-Kyung , Liss Klaus-Dieter , Langdon Terence G. , Kawasaki Megumi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNanostructuring of bulk metals is now well documented with the development of severe plastic deformation (SPD) for improving the physical and mechanical properties of engineering materials. Processing by high-pressure torsion (HPT), which was developed initially as a grain refinement technique, was extended recently to the mechanical bonding of dissimilar metals during nanostrcturing which generally involves significant microstructural heterogeneity. Here we introduce, for the first time, a bulk metastable Al-Mg supersaturated solid solution by the diffusion bonding of separate Al and Mg metal solids at room temperature using HPT. Exceptional hardness was achieved homogeneously throughout the metastable alloy with a record maximum supersaturated Mg content of ~38.5 at.% in the Al matrix having a grain size of ~35–40 nm. Our results demonstrate the synthesis of a bulk nanocrystalline metastable alloy with good microstructural stability at room temperature where such bulk solids are not yet reported for mechanical alloying by powder metallurgy.
Intravitreal injection of adenosine A2A receptor antagonist reduces neuroinflammation, vascular leakage and cell death in the retina of diabetic mice
Authors: Aires Inês Dinis , Madeira Maria Helena , Boia Raquel , Rodrigues-Neves Ana Catarina , Martins Joana Margarida , Ambrósio António Francisco , Santiago Ana Raquel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of blindness. The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation. Evidence shows that the blockade of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) affords protection to the retina through the control of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic potential of an antagonist of A2AR in a model of diabetic retinopathy. Type 1 diabetes was induced in 4–5 months old C57BL/6 J mice with a single intraperitoneal injection streptozotocin. Animals were treated one month after the onset of diabetes. The A2AR antagonist was delivered by intravitreal injection once a week for 4 weeks. Microglia reactivity and inflammatory mediators were increased in the retinas of diabetic animals. The treatment with the A2AR antagonist was able to control microglial reactivity and halt neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the A2AR antagonist rescued retinal vascular leakage, attenuated alterations in retinal thickness, decreased retinal cell death and the loss of retinal ganglion cells induced by diabetes. These results demonstrate that intravitreal injection of the A2AR antagonist controls inflammation, affords protection against cell loss and reduces vascular leakage associated with diabetes, which could be envisaged as a therapeutic approach for the early complications of diabetes in the retina.
Differential Pattern of Soluble Immune Markers in Asymptomatic Dengue, West Nile and Zika Virus Infections
Authors: Fares-Gusmao Rafaelle , Rocha Bruno Coelho , Sippert Emilia , Lanteri Marion C. , Áñez Germán , Rios Maria 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInfections with dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) usually present similar mild symptoms at early stages, and most infections (~80%) are asymptomatic. However, these infections may progress to severe disease with different clinical manifestations. In this study we attempted to identify unique characteristics for each infection at the presymptomatic/asymptomatic stage of infection and compared levels of soluble immune markers that have been shown to be altered during clinical course of these viral infections. Levels of soluble markers were determined by Luminex-based assays or by ELISA in plasma samples from asymptomatic blood donors who were reactive for RNA from DENV (n = 71), WNV (n = 52) or ZIKV (n = 44), and a control or non-infected (NI) group (n = 22). Results showed that even in the absence of symptoms, increased interleukin (IL) levels of IL-12, IL-17, IL-10, IL-5, CXCL9, E-Selectin and ST2/IL-1R4; and decreased levels of IL-13 and CD40 were found in all flavivirus group samples, compared to those from NI donors. DENV-infected donors demonstrated variation in expression of IL-1ra and IL-2; WNV-infected donors demonstrated variation in expression of IL-1ra, P-Selectin, IL-4 and IL-5; ZIKV-infected donors demonstrated variation in expression of IL-1ra, P-Selectin, IL-4, RANK-L, CD40L and C3a. The findings suggest that, even in the presymptomatic/asymptomatic phase of the infection, different immunomodulation profiles were associated with DENV, WNV and ZIKV infections.
Effects of urbanization on productivity of terrestrial ecological systems based on linear fitting: a case study in Jiangsu, eastern China
Authors: Li Jianguo , Zou Chenxin , Li Qiang , Xu Xinyue , Zhao Yanqing , Yang Wenhui , Zhang Zhongqi , Liu Lili 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe terrestrial ecosystem productivity and foundation of regional ecosystem services have been significantly influenced by recent urbanization processes. This study assesses the changes in terrestrial ecosystem productivity in Jiangsu from the years of 2000 to 2015 in response to the urbanization. A linear model that incorporates the traditional equalization method is proposed to improve the estimation accuracy of net primary productivity (NPP) loss. Results revealed that the land area of urban construction expanded rapidly during the research period to encompass an area of 8672.8 km2. The rate of expansion was highest during 2005–2010. Additionally, the expansion rate of urban construction land was considerably higher in southern Jiangsu compared to the northern areas. The NPP exhibited a rising tendency from the year of 2000 to 2015, and varied from 33.30 to 40.23 Tg C/y. It was higher in the central parts, which include the cities of Yancheng and Nantong. The increase in urban construction land has resulted in a significant reduction in the terrestrial ecosystem productivity, i.e. a cumulative NPP loss of 2.55–2.88 Tg C during the research period. The NPP losses due to the conversion from cropland to constrction land were the highest, followed by the wetland. The work in this paper indicates that the rate of future productivity losses in terrestrial ecosystem in northern Jiangsu would be faster than the southern areas.
Pseudarthrosen im Mund-Kiefer-Gesichts-Bereich
Authors: Neff Andreas , Jung Jonas 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungAuch wenn sie in Standardsituationen heute selten sind, stellen Pseudarthrosen eine relevante Komplikation dar. Insbesondere nach aufwendigen Kieferrekonstruktionen mittels z. B. Fibula- und Beckenkammtransplantaten sind Komplikationen mit hohen Belastungen für die betroffenen Patienten und die erbringende chirurgische Disziplin verbunden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wo und warum Pseudarthrosen in der MKG-Chirurgie heute eine Rolle spielen und welche Therapieoptionen bestehen.
Pseudarthrosen nach Eingriffen am Fuß
Authors: Evers Julia , Ochman Sabine , Milstrey Alexander , Raschke Michael J. 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungPseudarthrosen können mit Schmerzen und Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität einher gehen. Das Risiko ihr Entstehung kann patientenassoziiert sein und durch Nebenerkrankungen wie Diabetes mellitus, pAVK, Nikotin- oder Alkoholabusus oder fehlende Compliance bedingt sein. Aber auch operationstechnische Komplikationen wie postoperative Infektionen, instabile Osteosynthesen, fehlendes Alignment oder insuffiziente Knochenpräparation bei Arthrodesen sind Faktoren, die zu Pseudarthrosen führen können.Bei instabilen Osteosynthesen, Infektionen oder Knochendefekten sind Revisionseingriffe häufig unvermeidbar. Aber auch im Verlauf kann eine Pseudarthrose persistieren.Mechanische Knochenstimulation mit LIPUS oder fhESWT können eine Konsolidierung erzielen ohne die durch einen operativen Eingriff möglichen Risiken in Kauf nehmen zu müssen. Biologische Knochenstimulation mit osteoinduktiven Effekten werden im Bereich der Fußchirurgie verwendet, haben hier jedoch keine Zulassung.Bei Vorliegen einer Pseudarthrose des Fusses ist die Stabilität des selbigen häufig nicht eingeschränkt wie es bei den langen Röhrenknochen häufig der Fall ist. In straffen Pseudarthrosen ohne entsprechende Symptome ist der Revisionseingriff nicht indiziert und eine orthopädieschuhtechnische Versorgung kann ausreichend sein.
Gefäßzugänge für die Hämodialyse
Authors: Hollenbeck Markus , Schlieps Karsten , Spindler Beate , Kellersmann Richard , Natterer Adalbert , Franzke Udo , Lotz Heide , Reiher Carmen , Rüssmann Despina , Schaller Mathias , von Gersdorff Gero , Pommer Wolfgang 
Published: November 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Planung eines individuell optimalen Gefäßzuganges für die Hämodialyse beginnt frühzeitig vor Beginn der Nierenersatztherapie. Im Vordergrund steht die Chancenwahrung für ein – ggf. mehrschrittiges – Shuntkonzept, das Langlebigkeit mit dem individuellen Patientennutzen verknüpft. Die enge Abstimmung zwischen Shuntchirurgen und Nephrologen ist hierfür – optimalerweise in zertifizierten Shuntzentren – wesentliche Grundlage. Wir schlagen die Verbesserung der Versorgung durch die Etablierung eines Shuntteams aus Ärzten und Pflegekräften im Zentrum zur Verbesserung des Shuntmanagements durch Schulung und Nutzung neuer Techniken, wie die ultraschallgesteuerte Shuntpunktion und -überwachung (Survaillance), vor. Die Verbesserung der Schnittstelle zwischen Klinik und Praxis und die Etablierung eines Shuntregisters sind weitere Maßnahmen zur Optimierung der Gefäßzugangspraxis in den Nierenzentren. Die Motivation der Mitarbeiter für dieses Konzept ist Führungsaufgabe.