bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid glucose rise reduces heart rate variability in adults with type 1 diabetes: A prospective secondary outcome analysis
Authors: Eckstein Max L. , Moser Othmar , Tripolt Norbert J. , Pferschy Peter N. , Obermayer Anna A. M. , Kojzar Harald , Mueller Alexander , Abbas Farah , Sourij Caren , Sourij Harald 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo investigate differences in heart rate variability (HRV) during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in response to the rate of change in glucose and to different glycaemic ranges in individuals with type 1 diabetes. This was a single‐centre, prospective, secondary outcome analysis in 17 individuals with type 1 diabetes (glycated haemoglobin 53 ± 6.3 mmol/L), who underwent two OGTTs (after 12 and 36 hours of fasting) investigating differences in HRV in response to rapid glucose increases/decreases and different glycaemic ranges during OGTT. Based on the rate of change in glucose level, the variables heart rate (P < 0.001), square root of the mean standard difference of successive R‐R intervals (P = 0.002), percentage of pairs of R‐R intervals with >50 ms difference (P < 0.001) and corrected QT interval (P = 0.04) were significantly altered, with HRV particularly reduced during episodes of rapid glucose rises. Glycaemic ranges during OGTT had no impact on HRV (P < 0.05). Individuals with type 1 diabetes showed no changes in HRV in response to different glycaemic ranges. HRV was dependent on the rate of change in glucose, especially rapid increases in glucose level.
Dysthyroidism in dermato/polymyositis patients: A case‐control study
Authors: Watad Abdulla , Bragazzi Nicola L. , Damiani Giovanni , Nissan Ella , Comaneshter Doron , Cohen Arnon D. , Amital Howard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) are two rare autoimmune disorders occasionally described with dysthyroidism; however, no solid evidence still proves such an association.AimTo evaluate the prevalence of dysthyroidism among DM/PM patients.Design and settingA nation‐wide case‐control study was conducted.MethodsFrom the Clalit Health Services health records database, we extracted 2085 (DM = 1475 (70.7%), PM = 610 (29.3%)) PM/DM cases and 10 193 sex‐age matched controls in the period 2000‐2018. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the link dysthyroidism and PM/DM. Survival analysis was also performed.ResultsThe rate of hyperthyroidism was significantly (P = .0097) higher in cases (n = 40, 1.9%) with respect to controls (n = 123, 1.2%). Similarly, the rate of hypothyroidism was significantly (P < .0001) associated with cases (n = 234, 11.2%) when compared to controls (n = 853, 8.4%). At the multivariate logistic regression analysis, both DM (OR 1.31 [95%CI 1.07‐1.60], P = .0087) and PM (OR 1.54 [95%CI 1.21‐1.95], P = .004) were significantly associated with hypothyroidism, whereas DM (OR 1.70 [95%CI 1.10‐2.61], P = .0165) but not PM (OR 1.45 [0.83‐2.55], P = .1947) was found to be associated with hyperthyroidism. Subjects with PM and positive for anti‐Sjögren's syndrome‐related antigen A (SSA) auto‐antibody displayed a significant risk of developing hyperthyroidism (OR 5.85 [95%CI 1.02‐33.74], P = .0480), whereas individuals with DM and positive for antinuclear antibody (ANA) had a higher risk of developing hyperthyroidism (OR 2.65 [95%CI 1.00‐7.03], P = .0498).ConclusionsPhysicians treating PM/DM patients should consider screening for thyroid dysfunction on a regular basis.
Acute ischaemic stroke in the absence of established vascular risk factors: Patient characteristics, stroke mechanism and long‐term outcome
Authors: Nannoni Stefania , Scherz‐Moussa Youma Ali , Amiguet Michael , Eskandari Ashraf , Strambo Davide , Michel Patrik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeSome acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients do not display established vascular risk factors (EVRFs). The aim was to assess their clinical characteristics, stroke subtype etiological classification and long‐term outcome.MethodsAll consecutive AIS patients from the Acute Stroke Registry of Lausanne (2003–2018) were retrospectively analyzed with complete assessment of the following EVRFs: hypertension, diabetes, major cardioembolic sources, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, alcohol abuse, previous stroke/transient ischaemic attack and depression/psychosis. Patients without EVRFs were compared to patients with one or more EVRFs using appropriate statistical models.ResultsOf 4889 included patients, 103 (2.1%) had no EVRFs. In multiple regression analysis, patients without EVRFs were significantly younger (odds ratio [OR] 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08–0.20) and had more multiterritorial strokes (OR 3.38; 95% CI 1.26–9.05). Strokes were more often related to patent foramen ovale (PFO) (OR 3.02; 95% CI 1.44–6.32) and less to atherosclerosis, cardioembolism or small vessel disease. In patients <55 years old, PFO (OR 2.76; 95% CI 1.50–5.08) and contraceptive use in females (OR 2.75; 95% CI 1.40–5.41) were more frequent, whereas sleep apnea syndrome (OR 0.09; 95% CI 0.01–0.63) was less. In patients ≥55 years, female sex (OR 2.84; 95% CI 1.43–5.65) and active cancer (OR 3.27; 95% CI 1.34–7.94) were more prevalent. At 12 months, patients without EVRFs had worse adjusted functional outcome (Rankin shift ORadj 0.63; 95% CI 0.42–0.95) and higher rate of recurrence and death (adjusted hazard ratio 2.11; 95% CI 1.19–3.74).ConclusionsIn a consecutive cohort of AIS patients, only 2% showed no EVRFs. PFO and contraceptive use exhibited a strong association with the absence of EVRFs in younger patients and female sex and active cancer in elderly patients. Our findings highlight the importance of searching for previously unknown risk factors and/or unusual stroke mechanisms in patients without EVRFs.
Forage yield gap analysis for tall fescue pastures in Argentina: A modelling approach
Authors: Insua Juan R. , Machado Claudio F. , Garcia Sergio C. , Berone Germán D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA large gap between actual and potential herbage production of tall fescue is a major limitation for livestock production systems in Argentina. The objectives of this work were to (a) calibrate and test the ability of a published pasture–soil water model to represent herbage growth dynamics of tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] under different growing conditions, using data from controlled field experiments; (a) use the evaluated model to predict the magnitude and time of the year that N or soil water would constrain tall fescue from attaining its potential growth rate in the south‐eastern Pampas of Argentina; and (c) quantify herbage production gains and temporal variability for a proposed improved management practice (IMP) of N fertilizer under different meteorological and soils scenarios. After tall fescue‐specific calibration, the model accurately represented the response of tall fescue herbage mass to irrigation and N fertilization (root mean square error of prediction <550 kg DM ha−1, R2 > .70) observed in thirteen single‐season, controlled, field experiments. Results from a 40‐year simulation show that the gap between fertilized and unfertilized tall fescue pastures in Argentina can exceed 14 t DM ha−1 year−1. The proposed IMP maximized responses to N in autumn and early spring, reducing the annual herbage production gaps by 38%. The effect of IMP on annual herbage production was larger (4–5 t DM ha−1 year−1) than the effect due to variability in soils’ ability to store water (2–4 t DM ha−1 year−1) or annual variability in meteorological conditions (±1–2 t DM ha−1 year−1). This work provides a sound modelling approach to identify, for a particular forage species and site, most of the main gaps of herbage production; and to quantify, without the need of long‐term, expensive field studies, some of the potential gains (and risks associated with temporal variability), that could be achieved by producers. In addition, our results clearly indicate that site‐specific calibration is required for the model to provide accurate predictions and sound management advice to farmers.
Botanical composition and aroma compounds of semi‐arid pastures in Algeria
Authors: Senoussi Asma , Schadt Iris , Hioun Soraya , Chenchouni Haroun , Saoudi Zineddine , Aissaoui Zitoun–Hamama Ouarda , Zidoune Mohammed Nasreddine , Carpino Stefania , Rapisarda Teresa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aims to determine the botanical composition of different pastures in a semiarid region of Algeria and investigate the aromatic profile of the characteristic plant species grazed by goats and sheep. At three pastures (1: montane area with spontaneous vegetation ‘never cultivated before’, 2: previously cultivated but set at rest, 3: cultivated, under cereal production), plants were sampled twice during April–May to determine plant composition. Based on dominance of fresh aerial biomass of each plant per pasture and consumption by dairy goats, 10 species (Atractylis humilis, Calendula arvensis, Filago pygmaea, Globularia alypum, Hordeum vulgare, Malva sylvestris, Plantago sp., Scolymus hispanicus, Sonchus asper and Thymus algeriensis) were selected and sampled once at flowering stage to characterize their aromatic profile. The odour‐active compounds (OACs) of the selected species were extracted using steam distillation, then detected and identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC/MS/O). The analysis of botanical composition revealed the presence of 70 species (29 in mountain, 40 in set at rest, 11 in cultivated pasture) belonging to 62 genera and 22 families, with dominance of Asteraceae species. A total of 86 different OACs were identified, including mainly terpenes (21) and aldehydes (18). Among the OACs, 19 different compounds have various odour notes including herbaceous, floral, sweet spicy, fried, mint, cooked, fruity, sulphur, sweet and unpleasant notes. The number of OACs and individual chemical classes differed significantly between selected species. Atractylis humilis contained more OACs than Scolymus hispanicus and Plantago sp., whereas Globularia alypum had higher number of OACs compared to Plantago sp. This study gave a general overview on plant aroma profile of semiarid pastures in Algeria and suggests that the aromatic profile of grazed plants in the pasture is determinant of the aromatic quality of dairy‐derived foods which depends also on animal feed selection.
Stigma in relation to families living with parental mental illness: An integrative review
Authors: Reupert Andrea , Gladstone Brenda , Helena Hine Rochelle , Yates Scott , McGaw Violette , Charles Grant , Drost Louisa , Foster Kim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStigma is a pervasive social mechanism with negative ramifications for people who experience mental illness. Less is known about the stigma experiences of families where a parent has a mental illness. This review aims to identify and synthesize evidence on the concept of stigma and stigma‐related experiences and outcomes reported by parents and children living with parental mental illness. An integrative review method was employed, with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines to search and select literature and extract and analyse data. This approach allows for inclusion of theoretical and empirical literature and for concept definition. Fifty‐eight papers, mostly from the USA, Australia, and the UK, met the inclusion criteria. Stigma was primarily conceptualized in families as a marked difference that was negatively appraised, and which could be internalized. Some articles examined how underpinning assumptions could shape the behaviour of individuals and groups and be embedded within social institutions and structures. For parents, mental illness stigma was interconnected with stigma relating to perceived violations of social and cultural norms related to parenting. Children’s experience of stigma resulted in bullying, embarrassment, guilt and social isolation, and efforts to conceal their parent’s mental illness. One outcome was that stigma prevented children and parents from seeking much needed supports. Public health policies and campaigns that focus exclusively on promoting open disclosure of mental illness to foster community education outcomes are unlikely to be effective without additional strategies aimed at preventing and redressing the structural impacts of stigma for all family members.
Some Are more Equal than Others: Report Allocation to Members of the European Parliament from New Member States
Authors: Schädler Robin , Brandsma Gijs Jan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRapporteurs in the European Parliament are influential figures, drafting reports, preparing and collecting amendments and negotiating files on behalf of Parliament as a whole. Previous studies have shown a persistent under‐representation of MEPs from the post‐2004 accession states among rapporteurs. In this study, we demonstrate the evolution of this disparity. Although it no longer exists at the surface, MEPs from accession states are still very much under‐represented in the allocation of files that are negotiated with the Council using trilogues – leaving them mostly with prime responsibility for short and relatively uncomplicated files. This shows that unequal representation has taken on a more subtle guise than before, with ‘west‐European’ MEPs still firmly in the driving seat.
A clinical evaluation of resin nanoceramic CEREC Omnicam restorations associated with several factors
Authors: Oz Fatma Dilsad , Bolay Sukran , Canatan Simge 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the clinical performance of computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing resin nanoceramic posterior restorations fabricated by CEREC Omnicam system.Materials and methodsFifty‐seven Lava Ultimate posterior restorations were placed in 44 patients by one operator. Restorations were cemented using a resin cement system (Duo‐Link). The clinical performance of the restorations was evaluated with USPHS guidelines in a mean time of 45‐month. Data were statistically analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and Log Rank (Mantel–Cox) tests (SPSS 22.0, α = 0.05).ResultsThirty‐eight restorations in 26 patients were evaluated at recall examinations by two evaluators other than the clinician who had placed the restorations who were blinded to groups. The survival rates of Lava Ultimate were 86.8%. A total of 5 (13.2%) failures were found. After a mean time of 45‐month survival rate of vital and non‐vital teeth were 90 and 83.3% respectively. The failures were not significantly influenced by gender, tooth arch, restoration size, the treated region and vitality.ConclusionChair‐side posterior resin nanoceramic restorations were clinically successful restorations with a survival rate of 86.8% after a mean time of 45‐month.Clinical SignificanceChair‐side CAD/CAM resin nanoceramic restorations can be a successful choice for vital and non‐vital teeth with acceptable survival rates.
Quality grading of jujubes using composite convolutional neural networks in combination with RGB color space segmentation and deep convolutional generative adversarial networks
Authors: Guo Zhongyuan , Zheng Hong , Xu Xiaohang , Ju Jianping , Zheng Zhaohui , You Changhui , Gu Yu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs an important link in the processing of jujube products, the qualities classification of jujubes have an important impact on improving the value of commodities. In this study, jujube target was extracted based on the RGB color space characteristics and then put into a black background through a mask. The data augmentation method combined deep convolutional generative adversarial networks and rigid transformation (RT) was used to improve the data richness of defective jujubes, effectively solve the imbalance problem between different types of jujube data. A composite convolutional neural network (CNN) method based on residual networks was designed to effectively solve the problem of misjudgment between jujubes with subtle defects and healthy jujubes. The overall results illustrated that the defect detection accuracy of the proposed scheme was 99.2%, which was superior to the widely used support vector machine and CNN methods. This work could be applied to the actual processing site and greatly improved the quality classification effect of jujubes.Practical ApplicationsCracks, peeling, wrinkles, and other defects have seriously affected the quality and value of jujubes, and the quality classification of jujubes is imperative. This paper proposes a set of deep learning schemes from three aspects of improving data quality, enhancing data richness, and designing more accurate and effective classification models. Experimental results show that this scheme can significantly improve the accuracy of jujube quality grading.
Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in a lethal toxoplasmosis outbreak affecting captive howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.)
Authors: Santana Clarissa Helena , de Oliveira Ayisa Rodrigues , dos Santos Daniel O. , Pimentel Samantha Pinheiro , de Souza Lucas dos Reis , Moreira Larissa Giannini Alves , Braz Heloísia Maria Bressan , de Carvalho Thaynara Parente , Lopes Carlos Eduardo Bastos , Oliveira Jefferson Bruno Soares , de Paula Nayara Ferreira , de Carvalho Marcelo Pires Nogueira , Alves Bruna Farias , Pena Hilda Fátima Jesus , Santos Renato Lima 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundToxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease that affects humans and warm‐blooded animals. This study describes an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.) and survival of capuchins (Sapajus apella), under the same environmental conditions.MethodsHowler monkeys were submitted to post‐mortem examination. Tissue samples were processed to histopathology and immunohistochemistry to detect lesions and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. Tissue samples were also frozen and submitted to PCR and genotyping of T. gondii.ResultsTypical lesions were observed in several organs including the liver, lymph node, and brain, with intralesional cysts and tachyzoites of T. gondii demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. T. gondii genomic sequences were amplified by PCR, and genotyping characterized the same T. gondii clone in all howler monkeys.ConclusionsOur results support the notion that some species of neotropical primates are highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis and the hypothesis that capuchins (S. apella) may be resistant.
Carbon‐rich microfossils preserved in the Proterozoic crater‐filling breccias of the Sudbury impact structure, Canada
Authors: Gurov Yevgeniy P. , French Bevan M. , Permiakov Vitaliy V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwo forms of carbon‐rich microfossils were discovered in the breccias of the Onaping Formation, Sudbury impact structure. The first form is represented by single particles scattered in the matrix of the breccias and included in the vesicles in altered glass. These particles are leaf‐shaped, stem‐shaped, tubular, and spherical objects ranging from 5–10 μm to 200–300 µm in size. It is suggested that algal flora inhabiting the ocean basin before the Sudbury impact was the source of plant material in the Onaping Formation. The second form of carbon‐rich microparticles in the Onaping Formation is represented by plant detritus in carbon‐bearing fragments of mudstones included in the breccia matrix. The microparticles in the mudstones are mainly ribbon‐like shreds from 3–5 µm to 200–300 µm long, while rare particles have more complex shapes. The matrix of the mudstones is a fine‐grained clay‐like substance with a network of micron‐wide open‐joint fissures. Contents of carbon in the mudstone matrix are 12–15 wt%. Muddy bottom sediments of the pre‐impact sea are supposed as a source of mudstone fragments in the breccias. Fragments of mudstones and carbon‐rich microparticles are an important source of organic carbon in the breccias of the Onaping Formation. Discovery of microfossils in the breccias of the Onaping Formation suggests the presence of a previously unknown complex algal flora that inhabited the pre‐impact sea before the impact event 1.85 billion years ago at the very end of the Paleoproterozoic.
Colonic transit time in progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Doi Hirokazu , Sakakibara Ryuji , Tateno Fuyuki , Aiba Yosuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveGastrointestinal (GI) function in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) has not been reported, in contrast with extensive studies of GI function in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to investigate GI function in PSP and PD.MethodsA GI questionnaire for constipation and an objective colonic transit time (CTT) test were performed in 8 patients with PSP (6 men and 2 women; mean age, 74.6 years, mean duration of disease, 2.9 years), 36 patients with PD (19 men and 17 women; mean age, 75.6 years, mean duration of disease, 2.6 years), and 8 age‐matched normal control subjects (4 men and 4 women; mean age, 73.6 years).ResultsA GI questionnaire showed constipation in 2 (25%) PSP; 23 (64%) PD; and none (0%) control, without statistical significance. A CTT test showed total CTT of 63.2 ± 33.9 hours in PSP; 69.6 ± 42.8 hours in PD; and 45.2 ± 40.3 hours in control, without statistical significance. In contrast, right CTT in PSP (P < .05) and PD (P < .01) was significantly prolonged from that in control.ConclusionsSubjective constipation is uncommon, but prolonged CTT is observed in PSP. This GI feature needs appropriate management and care, which might reflect PSP’s brainstem/sacral spinal cord pathology.
Recent advances in Cannabis sativa genomics research
Authors: Hurgobin Bhavna , Tamiru‐Oli Muluneh , Welling Matthew T. , Doblin Monika S. , Bacic Antony , Whelan James , Lewsey Mathew G. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryCannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants purported to have unique medicinal properties. However, scientific research of cannabis has been restricted by the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, an international treaty that prohibits the production and supply of narcotic drugs except under license. Legislation governing cannabis cultivation for research, medicinal and even recreational purposes has been relaxed recently in certain jurisdictions. As a result, there is now potential to accelerate cultivar development of this multi‐use and potentially medically useful plant species by application of modern genomics technologies. Whilst genomics has been pivotal to our understanding of the basic biology and molecular mechanisms controlling key traits in several crop species, much work is needed for cannabis. In this review we provide a comprehensive summary of key cannabis genomics resources and their applications. We also discuss prospective applications of existing and emerging genomics technologies for accelerating the genetic improvement of cannabis.