bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant morphological traits associated with field resistance to cardamom thrips (Sciothrips cardamomi) in cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)
Authors: Jacob Thuruthumkara K. , Senthil Kumar Chellappa M. , Devasahayam Selvakaran , D'Silva Sharon , Kumar Rathinampillai Senthil , Biju Chakkiyanickal N. , Praveena Ravindran , Ankegowda Shettahalli K. J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCardamom thrips (Sciothrips cardamomi) is a major insect pest of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) causing severe economic losses to the crop in all cardamom producing countries. The present control measures rely heavily on chemical insecticides, which in addition to increased input costs also lead to pesticide residues in the produce and environmental hazards. Although the crop is of high commercial value, limited efforts have been made to identify sources of resistance to this major pest. Exploiting sources of resistance along with integrated pest management tactics will help to reduce pesticide usage in this crop promoting sustainable production. The present study aimed at identifying sources of resistance against cardamom thrips and the associated plant morphological traits conferring resistance against the pest. Field screening of 180 cardamom germplasm accessions for 3 years at Appangala, Karnataka, India, resulted in identification of eight accessions resistant to cardamom thrips. Differences in panicle type and the nature of adherence of leaf sheath to the pseudostem explained a significant amount of the variance in resistance and therefore are likely to play a major role in conferring resistance against this pest. Multiple regression analysis of the different traits indicated that accessions with prostrate panicles having leaf sheath loosely adhered to the pseudostems were found to have significantly less thrips damage, when compared with other panicle and leaf sheath types. However, persistence of flower bract did not have a significant additive effect on imparting resistance against thrips. Metabolomic analysis of the accessions may provide further insight into the existence of supplementary biochemical mechanisms, if any, in imparting resistance. The identified traits and accessions can be exploited in future breeding programmes for developing thrips resistant cardamom varieties.
Containing COVID‐19 in the Emergency Department: The Role of Improved Case Detection and Segregation of Suspect Cases
Authors: Wee Liang E. , Fua Tzay‐Ping , Chua Ying Y. , Ho Andrew F. W. , Sim Xiang Y. J. , Conceicao Edwin P. , Venkatachalam Indumathi , Tan Kenneth B.‐K. , Tan Ban H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesPatients with COVID‐19 may present with respiratory syndromes indistinguishable from common viruses. This poses a challenge for early detection during triage in the emergency department (ED). Over a 3‐month period, our ED aimed to minimize nosocomial transmission by using broader suspect case criteria for better detection and using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for health care workers (HCWs).MethodsAll ED admissions with respiratory syndromes over a 3‐month period were tested for COVID‐19. The sensitivity and specificity of screening criteria in detecting COVID‐19 were assessed. A risk‐stratified approach was adopted for PPE usage in the ED, based on high‐risk “fever areas” and lower‐risk zones. When a case of COVID‐19 was confirmed, surveillance was conducted for potentially exposed patients and HCWs.ResultsA total of 1,841 cases presenting with respiratory syndromes required admission over the study period. Among these, 70 cases of COVID‐19 were subsequently confirmed. The majority (84.2%, 59/70) were detected at ED triage because they fulfilled suspect case criteria. Of these, 34 met the official screening criteria; an additional 25 were detected by the broader internal screening criteria. Over the 12‐week period, the cumulative sensitivity of internal screening criteria was 84.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 73.6% to 91.9%), whereas the sensitivity of the official screening criteria was 48.6% (95% CI = 36.4% to 60.8%). Given the broadened internal criteria, the preexisting ED “fever area” was insufficient and had to be expanded. However, there were no cases of nosocomial transmission from intra‐ED exposure, despite extensive surveillance.ConclusionFrontline physicians need to be given leeway to decide on the disposition of cases based on clinical suspicion during an ongoing outbreak of COVID‐19. If a broader criterion is used at ED triage, ED facilities and isolation facilities need to be readied to accommodate a surge of suspect cases. Usage of appropriate PPE is essential in minimizing nosocomial transmission.
The very old in intensive care: Admission characteristics, mortality and supports needed at six months postdischarge
Authors: Tsang Jessica , Bloomfield Katherine , Lawrey Ywain , Wu Zhenqiang , Connolly Martin J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe survival and six‐month outcomes (residence, community supports) in the very old (≥80 years) admitted to intensive care in Waitemata District Health Board, New Zealand.MethodsHospital records of patients 80 years and over admitted from August 2015 to June 2017 were reviewed.ResultsOne hundred and seventeen patients were admitted (median age: 83). Standard ICU risk scores predicted survival to hospital discharge. Patients admitted electively were more likely to survive to discharge than emergency ICU/HDU admissions (P = .007). Ninety‐two (79%) survived to hospital discharge, and 84 (72%) survived to 6 months. Eighty‐four were discharged home (91% of survivors), and 79 were living at home at 6 months (94% of survivors). Community supports increased from admission (34, 29%) to 6 months later (34, 43% of community dwellers). Forty‐four (47.8% surviving to discharge) were readmitted within 6 months.ConclusionsMost patients are alive at discharge and 6 months, with a majority requiring no formal supports.
Can Industry‐level Trade Linkage Predict Stock Returns?
Authors: Lim Tae‐Hoon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I test whether cross‐predictability exists among trade‐linked industries across international borders and explore possible explanations for this. I find strong evidence of cross‐border stock return predictability among trade‐linked industries. A trading strategy of buying industry portfolios for which trade‐linked industry had high returns, and shorting industry portfolios for which trade‐linked industry had low returns, yields an annualized return of 12%. Such returns cannot be explained by known risk factors and are different from industry momentum. I find some evidence that counters the information segmentation explanation for cross‐predictability and find support for illiquidity as a new channel of explanation.
Gender and occupational allergy: Report from the task force of the EAACI Environmental and Occupational Allergy Interest Group
Authors: Moscato Gianna , Apfelbacher Christian , Brockow Knut , Eberle Chiara , Genuneit Jon , Mortz Charlotte G. , Quecchia Cristina , Quirce Santiago , Siracusa Andrea , Tarlo Susan Mary , van Kampen Vera , Walusiak‐Skorupa Jolanta , Raulf Monika 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWomen's work has traditionally been considered less hazardous to health in comparison with men's work. The increased women's participation in the workforce has led to an increased attention to women's working conditions. Women and men are unequally represented in individual professions or sectors (horizontal segregation), with women also under‐represented in leadership positions (vertical segregation). The selection of specific occupations can result in differences between types and levels of occupational exposures among women and men and can affect prevalence of occupational allergy. Gender distribution of work‐related asthma appears to vary across countries without clear global difference. Occupational rhinitis tends to be higher in women, although is not clear if this is related to a sex/gender effect or to differences in work exposure. Women are more likely to have occupational contact dermatitis, mainly due to wet work. No clear effects of gender on rates of hypersensitivity pneumonitis have been shown. Besides variation in exposures, physical and physiological characteristics, different behaviours and health consciousness have an impact on the occupational health hazards of women and men. Occupational allergy health promotion strategies need to consider approaches for women and men adjusted by gender, and legislative actions similarly could be implemented in a more gender‐sensitive way.
Evolution of pediatric ventricular assist devices and their neurologic and renal complications—A 24‐year single‐center experience
Authors: Mantell Benjamin , Addonizio Linda , Jain Namrata , LaPar Damien , Chai Paul , Bacha Emile , Kalfa David , McAllister Jennie , Zuckerman Warren , Lee Teresa , Richmond Marc , Law Sabrina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUtilization of ventricular assist devices (VADs) in adult populations with severe heart failure as a bridge to transplant has become the standard of care over the past two decades. Analogously, the use of VADs in pediatric populations has become more commonplace as pediatric heart transplantation has become more prevalent. We still have much to learn, however, about the complications after VAD placement in pediatric patients, their impact on transplantation and, in particular, how outcomes have changed over time. The objectives of this study were to (a) review the experience of a single pediatric VAD center, (b) identify risk factors that could lead to poor outcomes in patients on the transplant waitlist after VAD implantation and (c) demonstrate changes in outcomes over time. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed comparing death as a primary outcome and stroke and acute kidney injury (AKI) as secondary outcomes, across the study period divided into three timed eras. We analyzed 88 patients supported by a VAD over a 24‐year timeframe. The duration, age at implant and indication for VAD support did not change significantly across the eras. We found that the incidence of stroke decreased over the study period and, while the rates of AKI did not change over the study period, those who developed AKI, while supported on VAD, had an increased risk of death.
Erythrocyte morphometry in teleost fish—Species‐specific, inter‐individual and environmental‐related differences
Authors: Lahnsteiner Franz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated erythrocyte morphometry of 10 teleost species, Clarias gariepinus, Coregonus marena, Cyprinus carpio, Onchorynchus mykiss, Perca fluviatilis, Thymallus thymallus, Tinca tinca, Salmo trutta f. lacustris, Salvelinus fontinalis and Salvelinus umbla. Significant inter‐individual differences in erythrocyte morphometric parameters were found in all investigated species. Also significant species‐specific differences were observed, which were not related to their systematic position. The genetically fixed temperature optimum of the species correlated significantly and negatively with erythrocyte cell volume, cytoplasm volume, and cell surface and positively with erythrocyte surface to volume ratio indicating that erythrocyte morphometry is influenced by environmental parameters. In all investigated species, erythrocyte morphometry changed with the age of the fish as their size (cell volume and surface, cytoplasm volume) increased significantly in older ones. Changes in the surface to volume ratios were less evident as a significant decrease was only found in S. umbla and T. tinca.
Bayesian analysis of survival data with missing censoring indicators
Authors: Brownstein Naomi C. , Bunn Veronica , Castro Luis M. , Sinha Debajyoti 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn some large clinical studies, it may be impractical to perform the physical examination to every subject at his/her last monitoring time in order to diagnose the occurrence of the event of interest. This gives rise to survival data with missing censoring indicators where the probability of missing may depend on time of last monitoring and some covariates. We present a fully Bayesian semi‐parametric method for such survival data to estimate regression parameters of the proportional hazards model of Cox. Theoretical investigation and simulation studies show that our method performs better than competing methods. We apply the proposed method to analyze the survival data with missing censoring indicators from the Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment study.
The effect of economic inequality on young children's prosocial decision‐making
Authors: Kirkland Kelly , Jetten Jolanda , Nielsen Mark 
Published: April 2020

An emerging body of literature has documented the negative implications high economic inequality can have on children's social and cognitive development. However, little experimental research has directly addressed how wealth discrepancies impact the way children treat others. The current study thus aimed to address the implications of economic inequality on prosocial decision‐making in children prior to commencing formal schooling. Using a novel experimental paradigm, we immersed 4‐year‐old children (N = 58) in a series of games where they played against puppets for rewards. During this process, children were exposed to resource allocations featuring either high inequality or low inequality. We subsequently measured children's donation behaviour, resource division behaviour, and fairness perceptions. As predicted, children were less altruistic when exposed to high inequality compared to low inequality. Contrary to predictions, there was no difference in resource division behaviour or fairness perceptions. This study documents for the first time that exposure to environmental inequality, even if brief and in a controlled experimental setting, can influence young children's prosocial decision‐making.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on the subject?

Adults tend to be less prosocial towards others after experiencing high economic inequality.

Young children understand when outcomes are unequal.

Young children also have a rudimentary understanding of what is fair.

What does this study adds?

A novel experimental design was utilized to immerse children in a safe experimental economy.

Pre‐schoolers are less altruistic after experiencing high inequality compared to low inequality.

Children did not attempt to adjust prior inequalities in their resource division behaviour.
Management of large renal stones with super‐mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy: an international multicentre comparative study
Authors: Liu Yang , Cai Chao , Aquino Albert , Al‐Mousawi Shabir , Zhang Xuepei , Choong Simon K.S. , He Xiang , Fan Xianming , Chen Bin , Feng Jianhua , Zhu Xuhui , Al‐Naimi Abdulla , Mao Houping , Tang Huilong , Jin Dayong , Li Xiancheng , Cao Fenghong , Jiang Hua , Long Yongfu , Zhang Wei , Wang Gang , Xu Zihao , Zhang Xin , Yin Shanfeng , Zeng Guohua 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo comparatively evaluate the clinical outcomes of super‐mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) and mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy (Miniperc) for treating urinary tract calculi of >2 cm.Patients and MethodsAn international multicentre, retrospective cohort study was conducted at 20 tertiary care hospitals across five countries (China, the Philippines, Qatar, UK, and Kuwait) between April 2016 and May 2019. SMP and Miniperc were performed in 3525 patients with renal calculi with diameters of >2 cm. The primary endpoint was the stone‐free rate (SFR). The secondary outcomes included: blood loss, operating time, postoperative pain scores, auxiliary procedures, complications, tubeless rate, and hospital stay. Propensity score matching analysis was used to balance the selection bias between the two groups.ResultsIn all, 2012 and 1513 patients underwent SMP and Miniperc, respectively. After matching, 1380 patients from each group were included for further analysis. Overall, there was no significant difference in the mean operating time or SFR between the two groups. However, the hospital stay and postoperative pain score were significantly in favour of SMP (both P < 0.001). The tubeless rate was significantly higher in the SMP group (72.6% vs 57.8%, P < 0.001). Postoperative fever was much more common in the Miniperc group (12.0% vs 8.4%, P = 0.002). When the patients were further classified into three subgroups based on stones diameters (2–3, 3–4, and >4 cm). The advantages of SMP were most obvious in the 2–3 cm stone group and diminished as the size of the stone increased, with longer operating time in the latter two subgroups. Compared with Miniperc, the SFR of SMP was comparable for 3–4 cm stones, but lower for >4 cm stones. There was no statistical difference in blood transfusions and renal embolisations between the two groups.ConclusionsOur data showed that SMP is an ideal treatment option for stones of <4 cm and is more efficacious for stones of 2–3 cm, with lesser postoperative fever, blood loss, and pain compared to Miniperc. SMP was less effective for stones of >4 cm, with a prolonged operating time.
Ant–scale mutualism increases scale infestation, decreases folivory, and disrupts biological control in restored tropical forests
Authors: Kulikowski Andy J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnt–hemipteran mutualisms can have positive and negative effects on host plants depending on the level of hemipteran infestation and plant protection conferred by ants against folivory. Differential effects of such mutualisms on plant survival are well documented in undisturbed and ant‐invaded systems, but few have explored how anthropogenic disturbance affects interactions between hemipterans and native ant species and what the consequences may be for recovering ecosystems. Within a fragmented landscape in Costa Rica, restored tropical forests harbor a mutualism between the native ant Wasmannia auropunctata and the scale insect Alecanochiton marquesi on the abundant, early‐successional tree Conostegia xalapensis. I added A. marquesi scales to C. xalapensis seedlings and either allowed or excluded W. auropunctata to investigate if this mutualism leads to increased scale infestation, decreased scale mortality, and decreased folivory. I also examined whether these effects are mediated by the percentage of remnant forest cover in the landscape. I found that seedlings with ants excluded had fewer scale insects and higher herbivory than plants with ants present. I also found evidence that scale mortality due to fungal attack and parasitism was higher on ant‐excluded versus ant‐allowed seedlings but only at sites with high surrounding landscape forest cover. Together, these results suggest that mutualisms between scale insects and native ants can promote scale infestation, reduce folivory on native plant species, and potentially disrupt biological control of scale insects in recovering tropical forests. Further, my experiment underscores the importance of remnant tropical forests as sources of biological control in anthropogenically disturbed landscapes.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
High expression of Krüppel‐like factor 5 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Takagi Yutaka , Sakai Nozomu , Yoshitomi Hideyuki , Furukawa Katsunori , Takayashiki Tsukasa , Kuboki Satoshi , Takano Shigetsugu , Suzuki Daisuke , Kagawa Shingo , Mishima Takashi , Nakadai Eri , Miyauchi Hideaki , Matsubara Hisahiro , Ohtsuka Masayuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractKrüppel‐like factor 5 (KLF5) plays an oncogenic role and has diverse functions in cancer cells. However, correlation between KLF5 and clinical outcome has not been determined in patients with colorectal cancer and colorectal liver metastasis. Herein, we analyzed 65 patients with colorectal cancer who developed colorectal liver metastasis. Clinical effects were assessed through immunohistochemical analysis of primary colorectal cancer lesions and metastatic liver lesions. High expression of KLF5 in these tissues correlated with the presence of vascular invasion, elevated serum carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 levels, large diameters of metastatic liver tumors, and poor prognosis following surgery. Multivariate analyses revealed that high expression of KLF5 was an independent prognostic factor. Increased expression of KLF5 in both colorectal cancer primaries and colorectal liver metastasis was significantly associated with shorter overall survival time and time to surgical failure. Krüppel‐like factor 5 expression positively correlated with Ki‐67 and c‐Myc expression in colorectal cancer tissues. In vitro experiments with colon cancer cell lines showed that siRNA knockdown of KLF5 inhibited cell proliferation. Western blot analyses revealed that knockdown of KLF5 expression reduced cyclin D1 and c‐Myc expression. It also impaired the stem cell‐like properties of cancer cells in tumorsphere formation assays. Furthermore, anoikis assay indicated that KLF5 contributed to anoikis resistance. High KLF5 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer and liver metastasis by promoting cell proliferation and cancer stem cell‐like properties.
Activator of thyroid and retinoid receptor increases sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by facilitating the Warburg effect
Authors: Ma Luyuan , Liu Wenpeng , Xu An , Ji Quanbo , Ma Yongfu , Tai Yanhong , Wang Yadong , Shen Chuan , Liu Ying , Wang Tao , Han Juqiang , Zhao Caiyan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSorafenib resistance is a major challenge in the therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of HCC resistance to sorafenib remain unclear. Activator of thyroid and retinoid receptor (ACTR, also known as SRC‐3), overexpressed in HCC patients, plays an important oncogenic role in HCC; however, the link between ACTR and sorafenib resistance in HCC is unknown. Our study demonstrated that ACTR was one of the most upregulated genes in sorafenib‐resistant HCC xenografts. ACTR increases sorafenib resistance through regulation of the Warburg effect. ACTR promotes glycolysis through upregulation of glucose uptake, ATP and lactate production, and reduction of the extracellular acidification and the oxygen consumption rates. Glycolysis regulated by ACTR is vital for the susceptibility of HCC to sorafenib in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ACTR knockout or knockdown decreases the expression of glycolytic enzymes. In HCC patients, ACTR expression is positively correlated with glycolytic gene expression and is associated with poorer outcome. Furthermore, ACTR interacts with the central regulator of the Warburg effect, c‐Myc, and promotes its recruitment to glycolytic gene promoters. Our findings provide new clues regarding the role of ACTR as a prospective sensitizing target for sorafenib therapy in HCC.