bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of physicochemical properties and economic gain from three‐stage and two‐stage sequential valorization of mango peels
Authors: Mugwagwa Lindleen R. , Chimphango Annie F.A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThree‐stage sequential extraction of anthocyanins, polyphenols, and pectin has the potential to enhance the product's functional properties and the economic value of mango (Mangifera indica L.) peels beyond the two‐stage processes (anthocyanin‐pectin and polyphenol‐pectin). A three‐stage process was developed by incorporating a polyphenol extraction stage in a sequential process where anthocyanins and pectin were co‐extracts. Anthocyanins were extracted first (80% ethanol (EC)/2% acetic acid/25 °C/1 h), generating a residue from which polyphenols were extracted (65–85% EC/20–80 min/70 °C), based on a full factorial statistical experiment. Pectin was subsequently extracted from the second‐stage residues (0.25% ammonium oxalate / oxalic acid / 85 °C / 1 h). The economic benefits (net present value (NPV), payback period (PBP), product minimum selling price (PMSP) of the three‐stage sequential process (anthocyanin, polyphenol, and pectin) and the two‐stage processes (anthocyanin‐pectin and polyphenol‐pectin) were evaluated over a plant life of 25 years. Polyphenols and pectin from the three‐stage process had >65% higher antioxidant capacity and up to 10.4% higher purity, respectively, when compared with those from the two‐stage processes. There is also more economic gain from the three‐stage process (NPV −$4 31 285, PBP −3 years, PMSP < $10/kg) than the anthocyanin‐pectin process (NPV −$3 76 917, PBP −3.22 years, PMSP < $10/kg) and the polyphenol‐pectin process (NPV −$235 599, PBP −4.29 years, PMSP < $30/kg). Thus, three‐stage sequential extraction is an economic process, which enables the recovery of three value‐added food ingredients with improved functional properties from mango peels.© 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Resonance Rayleigh scattering and spectrofluorimetric approaches for the selective determination of rupatadine using erythrosin B as a probe: application to content uniformity test
Authors: Almahri Albandary , Abdel‐Lateef Mohamed A. , Samir Ebtihal , Derayea Sayed M. , El Hamd Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, spectrofluorimetric and resonance Rayleigh scattering techniques were applied for the first time for determination of rupatadine through two validated methods. The proposed methods were based on a facile association complex formation between rupatadine and erythrosin B reagent in acidic medium. Spectrofluorimetric determination relied on the quenching effect of rupatadine on the fluorescence intensity of erythrosin B at 556 nm (excitation = 530 nm). Conversely, the resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) method relied on enhancement in the resonance Rayleigh scattering spectrum of erythrosin B at 344 nm after the addition of rupatadine. The developed methods produced linear results over ranges 0.15−2.0 μg/ml and 0.1−1.5 μg/ml, with detection limits of 0.030 μg/ml and 0.018 μg/ml for the spectrofluorimetric method and the RRS method, respectively. All reaction conditions for rupatadine–erythrosin B formation were optimized experimentally and both methods were validated according to International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. The developed methods were applied to estimate rupatadine content in its pharmaceutical tablet dosage form with acceptable recoveries. Furthermore, a content uniformity test for the commercial rupatadine tablets was successfully applied by the suggested spectroscopic methods according to United States Pharmacopeia guidelines.
A fluorometric and colorimetric approach for the rapid detection of berberine hydrochloride based on an anionic polythiophene derivative
Authors: Gao Xiao , Guo Mingwei , Liu Ming , Zhang Li , Yao Zhiyi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this report, we develop a dual‐output sensor with fluorometric and colorimetric responses, for the rapid and simple detection of berberine hydrochloride (BRH) in 100% aqueous solution based on an anionic polythiophene derivative, poly(2‐(2‐(4‐methylthiophen‐3‐yloxy)‐ethyl) malonic acid) (PTMA). The sensing performance and mechanism were carefully examined by absorption and emission spectra. It can be applied to quantitatively detect BRH in aqueous solution with a detection limit 0.27 μM. The appealing performance of the sensor was demonstrated to originate from the electrostatic and π–π interactions between PTMA and BRH, which promoted the conformational change and aggregation of the PTMA backbone. Moreover, this method allowed rapid detection of BRH in urine samples and BRH tablets with high accuracy.
Autism and severe clinical phenotype in a patient with 8p21.2p11.21 deletion: Case report and literature review
Authors: Arghir Aurora , Papuc Sorina Mihaela , Tutulan‐Cunita Andreea‐Cristina , Erbescu Alina , Loddo Sara , Genovese Silvia , Ciocca Laura , Goldoni Marina , Piscopo Carmelo , Bernardini Laura , Novelli Antonio , Budisteanu Magdalena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInterstitial 8p deletions were previously described, in literature and databases, in approximately 30 patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. We report on a novel patient with a 8p21.2p11.21 deletion presenting a clinical phenotype that includes severe intellectual disability, microcephaly, epilepsy, and autism, the latter having been rarely associated with this genetic defect.
Assessing Methodologies to Synthesize α‐Sulfenylated Carbonyl Compounds by Green Chemistry Metrics
Authors: Margalef Jèssica , Samec Joseph S. M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstractα‐Sulfenylated carbonyl compounds are important both as active pharmaceutical ingredients and as intermediates in organic synthesis. Owing to their relevance in synthetic organic chemistry, this Minireview focuses on assessing the most relevant synthetic procedures based on green chemistry metrics. The Minireview starts with the traditional routes and then focuses on more recently developed methodologies. These routes include sulfenylating reagents using organocatalysis, cross‐dehydrogenative couplings using in situ halogenations to prevent reactive intermediates in high concentrations, oxidative couplings using terminal oxidants such as DDQ or TEMPO, and redox‐neutral couplings using transition metal catalysis. These methodologies have been evaluated on the basis of atom economy, E factor, and the safety and toxicity of the transformations and the solvents used. Besides using green metrics to evaluate these novel methodologies, the synthetic utility is also assessed with regard to the availability of starting materials and the generality of the reactions. This Minireview aims to inspire researchers to apply green assessments to other methodologies and also for them to take measures to increase the greenness of their developed transformations.
Coupling between tolerance and resistance for two related Eimeria parasite species
Authors: Balard Alice , Jarquín‐Díaz Víctor Hugo , Jost Jenny , Mittné Vivian , Böhning Francisca , Ďureje Ľudovít , Piálek Jaroslav , Heitlinger Emanuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResistance (host capacity to reduce parasite burden) and tolerance (host capacity to reduce impact on its health for a given parasite burden) manifest two different lines of defense. Tolerance can be independent from resistance, traded off against it, or the two can be positively correlated because of redundancy in underlying (immune) processes. We here tested whether this coupling between tolerance and resistance could differ upon infection with closely related parasite species. We tested this in experimental infections with two parasite species of the genus Eimeria. We measured proxies for resistance (the (inverse of) number of parasite transmission stages (oocysts) per gram of feces at the day of maximal shedding) and tolerance (the slope of maximum relative weight loss compared to day of infection on number of oocysts per gram of feces at the day of maximal shedding for each host strain) in four inbred mouse strains and four groups of F1 hybrids belonging to two mouse subspecies, Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculus. We found a negative correlation between resistance and tolerance against Eimeria falciformis, while the two are uncoupled against Eimeria ferrisi. We conclude that resistance and tolerance against the first parasite species might be traded off, but evolve more independently in different mouse genotypes against the latter. We argue that evolution of the host immune defenses can be studied largely irrespective of parasite isolates if resistance–tolerance coupling is absent or weak (E. ferrisi) but host–parasite coevolution is more likely observable and best studied in a system with negatively correlated tolerance and resistance (E. falciformis).
Asymmetric Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylated α‐Amino Acids through Generated Radicals Using a Chiral Ni(II) Complex
Authors: Stoletova Nadezhda V. , Moshchenkov Andrey D. , Smol'yakov Alexander F. , Gugkaeva Zalina T. , Maleev Victor I. , Katayev Dmitry , Larionov Vladimir A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPerfluoroalkylated α‐amino acids (PFAAs) are a unique class of compounds for biochemistry and pharmaceutical science. In this context, we report the successful intermolecular coupling of the Belokon’s chiral dehydroalanine Ni(II) complex with a variety of perfluoroalkyl iodides. A 4‐cyanopyridine/B2Pin2 catalytic system generates perfluoroalkyl radicals, which after trapping by the ligand sphere of a chiral Ni(II) complex provide the diastereomeric complexes with up to >20 : 1 dr (seven examples). The obtained major (S,S)‐diastereomers were easily isolated by simple silica column chromatography in 33–54 % yields. The perfluoroalkylated α‐AA was subsequently released from the obtained Ni(II) complex through aqueous HCl treatment. The chiral auxiliary ligand ((S)‐BPB=(S)‐2‐(N‐benzylprolyl)aminobenzophenone) can be easily recycled after the acidic complex decomposition and reused for the synthesis of the starting dehydroalanine Ni(II) complex.
A Delphi study to prioritize genetic counseling outcomes: What matters most
Authors: Redlinger‐Grosse Krista , MacFarlane Ian M. , Cragun Deborah , Zierhut Heather 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch on genetic counseling outcomes has examined a range of metrics many that differ in quality and extent of psychometric assessment and in some cases fail to encompass potential benefits of genetic counseling for patients. Although a variety of possible outcomes have been explored, selecting the most important or relevant outcomes and identifying well‐validated measures remain challenging. An online, modified Delphi method was used to prioritize genetic counseling outcomes from the viewpoint of individuals from four stakeholder groups – clinical genetic counselors, outcome researchers, genetic counseling training directors, and genetic counseling consumers/advocates. A survey of 181 genetic counseling outcomes were rated based on perceived importance and then sorted and categorized using the Framework for Outcomes of Clinical Communication Services in Genetic Counseling (FOCUS‐GC) framework. Three of the FOCUS‐GC domains (Process, Patient Care Experience, and Patient Changes) were assessed as most important, while none of the most highly rated outcomes fell into the domains of Patient Health or Family Changes. The majority of outcomes deemed most important by stakeholder groups were within the process domain. When looking at the proportion of outcomes that overlapped with the consumer group, clinical genetic counselors had the highest degree of similarity with consumers when looking at the high relative importance band outcomes (61.1% overlap), followed by training directors (58.3%), and outcome researchers (41.7%). Variability in importance according to stakeholder groups was an important consideration and prioritizing outcomes was challenging given that the majority of outcomes were rated as important. Working to bridge the realities of clinical care and fundamental differences in the viewpoints and priorities of genetic counseling research directions is an area for future exploration.
Determinants of long‐term function and general well‐being in patients with an ileoanal pouch
Authors: Khera Angela J , Chase Janet W , Salzberg Michael , Thompson Alexander J V , Woods Rodney J , Wilson‐O'Brien Amy , Kamm Michael A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and aimFecal incontinence and/or evacuation difficulty are common after ileoanal pouch surgery. This study aimed to determine whether the development of these symptoms can be predicted so that preventive measures might be instituted.MethodsA consecutive series of 46 patients with ulcerative colitis (median age at surgery, 41 years; 50% female) and a functioning pouch for a duration ≥12 months was included. Assessment utilized medical record review and questionnaires on pre‐ and postoperative bowel function, quality of life, and psychological well‐being. Pouch function was assessed by the Colorectal Functional Outcome score (0 = no impairment, 100 = worst impairment). Good pouch function was defined as a score ≤24.ResultsFecal incontinence occurred in 67% preoperatively and 54% postoperatively; evacuation difficulty occurred in 65% and preoperatively and 85% postoperatively. The postoperative median Colorectal Functional Outcome score was 20 (range 2–74), with 44% of patients >24 (poor pouch function). Preoperative nocturnal fecal incontinence (odds ratio [OR] 4.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–19.4, P = 0.02) and pouchitis (OR 5.41, 95% CI 1.2–23.7, P = 0.02) were associated with poor pouch function after multivariable regression analysis. Postoperative satisfaction, psychological well‐being, and quality of life were significantly better in those with good pouch function, while poor sleep, impaired work, and sexual dysfunction were independently associated with poor pouch function.ConclusionsFunctional bowel symptoms are common before and after pouch surgery and are associated with the impairment of patient‐reported outcomes. Preoperative nocturnal fecal incontinence predicts poor pouch function. Therapeutic focus on continence, bowel evacuation, psychological well‐being, and quality of life should begin before surgery.
HCN channels in the mammalian cochlea: Expression pattern, subcellular location, and age‐dependent changes
Authors: Luque Maria , Schrott‐Fischer Anneliese , Dudas Jozsef , Pechriggl Elisabeth , Brenner Erich , Rask‐Andersen Helge , Liu Wei , Glueckert Rudolf 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeuronal diversity in the cochlea is largely determined by ion channels. Among voltage‐gated channels, hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels open with hyperpolarization and depolarize the cell until the resting membrane potential. The functions for hearing are not well elucidated and knowledge about localization is controversial. We created a detailed map of subcellular location and co‐expression of all four HCN subunits across different mammalian species including CBA/J, C57Bl/6N, Ly5.1 mice, guinea pigs, cats, and human subjects. We correlated age‐related hearing deterioration in CBA/J and C57Bl/6N with expression levels of HCN1, −2, and −4 in individual auditory neurons from the same cohort. Spatiotemporal expression during murine postnatal development exposed HCN2 and HCN4 involvement in a critical phase of hair cell innervation. The huge diversity of subunit composition, but lack of relevant heteromeric pairing along the perisomatic membrane and axon initial segments, highlighted an active role for auditory neurons. Neuron clusters were found to be the hot spots of HCN1, −2, and −4 immunostaining. HCN channels were also located in afferent and efferent fibers of the sensory epithelium. Age‐related changes on HCN subtype expression were not uniform among mice and could not be directly correlated with audiometric data. The oldest mice groups revealed HCN channel up‐ or downregulation, depending on the mouse strain. The unexpected involvement of HCN channels in outer hair cell function where HCN3 overlaps prestin location emphasized the importance for auditory function. A better understanding may open up new possibilities to tune neuronal responses evoked through electrical stimulation by cochlear implants.
Mechanistic Considerations of Efficient Esterification of Starch with Propionic Anhydride/Lauric Acid in the Green Solvent Imidazole
Authors: Blohm Sascha , Heinze Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStarch esters have become increasingly attractive as sustainable materials. Instead of carboxylic acid chlorides, mixtures of carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acids are used to synthesize highly substituted starch esters efficiently applying the new starch solvent imidazole. The reaction is a promising alternative to the existing protocols and leads to thermoplastic mixed starch esters. The mechanism for the reaction path is elucidated by the conversion of starch with propionic anhydride/lauric acid in molten imidazole and various model reactions applying Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopic measurements. Mixed starch esters are obtained bearing not only propionate groups introduced by the reactive anhydride but also moieties originating from the lauric acid. The propionic anhydride is shown to react with imidazole to form the corresponding imidazolide. Moreover, the imidazolide is in equilibrium with the lauric acid to form the corresponding imidazolide as well.
15N‐carnitine, a novel endogenous hyperpolarized MRI probe with long signal lifetime
Authors: von Morze Cornelius , Engelbach John A. , Reed Galen D. , Chen Albert P. , Quirk James D. , Blazey Tyler , Mahar Rohit , Malloy Craig R. , Garbow Joel R. , Merritt Matthew E. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate hyperpolarization and in vivo imaging of [15N]carnitine, a novel endogenous MRI probe with long signal lifetime.MethodsL‐[15N]carnitine‐d9 was hyperpolarized by the method of dynamic nuclear polarization followed by rapid dissolution. The T1 signal lifetimes were estimated in aqueous solution and in vivo following intravenous injection in rats, using a custom‐built dual‐tuned 15N/1H RF coil at 4.7 T. 15N chemical shift imaging and 15N fast spin‐echo images of rat abdomen were acquired 3 minutes after [15N]carnitine injection.ResultsEstimated T1 times of [15N]carnitine at 4.7 T were 210 seconds (in H2O) and 160 seconds (in vivo), with an estimated polarization level of 10%. Remarkably, the [15N]carnitine coherence was detectable in rat abdomen for 5 minutes after injection for the nonlocalized acquisition. No downstream metabolites were detected on localized or nonlocalized 15N spectra. Diffuse liver enhancement was detected on 15N fast spin‐echo imaging 3 minutes after injection, with mean hepatic SNR of 18 ± 5 at a spatial resolution of 4 × 4 mm.ConclusionThis study showed the feasibility of hyperpolarizing and imaging the biodistribution of HP [15N]carnitine.
Delayed urea differential enhancement CEST (dudeCEST)‐MRI with T1 correction for monitoring renal urea handling
Authors: Shin Soo Hyun , Wendland Michael F. , Vandsburger Moriel H. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeWe demonstrate a method of delayed urea differential enhancement CEST for probing urea recycling action of the kidney using expanded multi‐pool Lorentzian fitting and apparent exchange‐dependent relaxation compensation.MethodsT1 correction of urea CEST contrast by apparent exchange‐dependent relaxation was tested in phantoms. Nine mice were scanned at 7 Tesla following intraperitoneal injection of 2M 150 μL urea, and later saline. T1 maps and Z‐spectra were acquired before and 20 and 40 min postinjection. Z‐spectra were fit to a 7‐pool Lorentzian model for CEST quantification and compared to urea assay of kidney homogenate. Renal injury was induced by aristolochic acid in 7 mice, and the same scan protocol was performed.ResultsApparent exchange‐dependent relaxation corrected for variable T1 times in phantoms. Urea CEST contrast at +1 ppm increased significantly at both time points following urea injection in the inner medulla and papilla. When normalizing the postinjection urea CEST contrast to the corresponding baseline value, both urea and saline injection resulted in identical fold changes in urea CEST contrast. Urea assay of kidney homogenate showed a significant correlation to both apparent exchange‐dependent relaxation (R2 = 0.4687, P = .0017) and non–T1‐corrected Lorentzian amplitudes (R2 = 0.4964, P = .0011). Renal injury resulted in increased T1 time in the cortex and reduced CEST contrast change upon urea and saline infusion.ConclusionDelayed urea enhancement following infusion can provide insight into renal urea handling. In addition, changes in CEST contrast at 1.0 ppm following saline infusion may provide insight into renal function.
The taphonomy of medium‐sized grouse in food remains of the northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis, compared with damage done by man and other predators
Authors: Wertz Krzysztof , Tornberg Risto , Bochenski Zbigniew M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study describes bone damage of medium‐sized grouse (Lyrurus tetrix and Lagopus spp.) in food remains of the northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis and compares it to damage done by other birds of prey and humans. In general, the ‘signature’ left on the bones by the goshawk is similar to those of other diurnal birds of prey, but it differs from human‐derived damage and from owl pellets. These differences are visible in bone preservation, fragmentation and perforation. This study is the first to describe the characteristic damage to the sternum and coracoid that is probably typical of other raptors as well. Reliable analysis of zooarchaeological materials requires not only correct identification to the species but also determining where the bones came from at a given site. Bird bones from open‐air archaeological sites may contain food remains of the goshawk, whose habitat is forests in the vicinity of open areas. This study will assist in determining the factor(s) responsible for the accumulation of zooarchaeological materials.
Modeling aortic diseases using induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Zhu Kai , Ma Wenrui , Li Jun , Zhang Yu Shrike , Zhang Weijia , Lai Hao , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an effective platform for studies of human physiology and have revealed new possibilities for disease modeling at the cellular level. These cells also have the potential to be leveraged in the practice of precision medicine, including personalized drug testing. Aortic diseases result in significant morbidity and mortality and pose a global burden to healthcare. Their pathogenesis is mostly associated with functional alterations of vascular components, such as endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Drugs that have been proven to be effective in animal models often fail to protect patients from adverse aortic events in clinical studies, provoking researchers to develop reliable in vitro models using human cells. In this review, we summarize the patient iPSC-derived aortic cells that have been utilized to model aortic diseases in vitro. In advanced models, hemodynamic factors, such as blood flow-induced shear stress and cyclic strain, have been added to the systems to replicate cellular microenvironments in the aortic wall. Examples of the utility of such factors in modeling various aortopathies, such as Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, and bicuspid aortic valve-related aortopathy, are also described. Overall, the iPSC-based in vitro cell models have shown the potential to promote the development and practice of precision medicine in the treatment of aortic diseases.