bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment options for giant gastrointestinal stromal tumours and related prognosis: a single‐centre retrospective study
Authors: Wang Feng , Tao Tingting , Wang Xingzhou , Yu Heng , Xia Xuefeng , Wang Meng , Guan Wenxian , Shi Xiaolei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundControversy persists about the best treatment for giant gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs). This retrospective study aimed to investigate the different treatments for giant GISTs and the effect on outcomes.MethodsA total of 71 patients with GIST ≥10 cm in diameter were separated into four groups according to treatment received: emergency surgery group (n = 17), preoperative targeted (imatinib) therapy group (n = 12), palliative resection group (n = 17) and R0 resection group (n = 25). Baseline, intraoperative and post‐operative findings were compared between the groups. Long‐term follow‐up was conducted to assess outcomes.ResultsPreoperative gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly higher (P = 0.003) and haemoglobin level was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the emergency surgery group than in the other groups. Mean tumour diameter was significantly more in the palliative resection group than in the other groups (P = 0.023). Overall survival was significantly higher in the R0 resection group and the preoperative targeted therapy group than in the other two groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn patients with giant GISTs, the best outcomes appear to be achieved with preoperative imatinib therapy plus surgery or R0 resection followed by imatinib therapy.
Basement highs: Definitions, characterisation and origins
Authors: Peacock David C. P. , Banks Graham J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA glossary of commonly used terms related to the geometric forms and geological settings of basement highs is presented to assist cross‐disciplinary understanding, qualifying prefixes for the termbasementare discussed and a scheme for characterising basement highs is presented. This scheme is designed to standardise, and to add rigour to, description of basement highs. It will thereby enhance basement high comparisons and assist understanding of basement highs across technical disciplines. The scheme enables systematic characterisation of: the geometry of a basement high; the lithologic units and structures in, above and around it; timings; tectonics and origins of the basement high and play elements relating to resource prospectivity. Use of this scheme is demonstrated using the southern Rona Ridge (West of Shetland, UK Continental Shelf). The tectonic, isostatic, erosional and stratigraphic processes that form basement highs are also discussed, and examples in proven petroleum systems are presented.
B4GALT1‐congenital disorders of glycosylation: Expansion of the phenotypic and molecular spectrum and review of the literature
Authors: Staretz‐Chacham Orna , Noyman Iris , Wormser Ohad , Abu Quider Abed , Hazan Guy , Morag Iris , Hadar Noam , Raymond Kimiyo , Birk Ohad S. , Ferreira Carlos R. , Koifman Arie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA congenital disorder of glycosylation due to biallelic mutations in B4GALT1 has been previously reported in only three patients with two different mutations. Through homozygosity mapping followed by segregation analysis in an extended pedigree, we identified three additional patients homozygous for a novel mutation in B4GALT1, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of the disease. The patients showed a uniform clinical presentation with intellectual disability, marked pancytopenia requiring chronic management, and novel features including pulmonary hypertension and nephrotic syndrome. Notably, affected individuals exhibited a moderate elevation of Man3GlcNAc4Fuc1 on serum N‐glycan analysis, yet two of the patients had a normal pattern of transferrin glycosylation in repeated analysis. The novel mutation is the third disease‐causing variant described in B4GALT1, and the first one within its transmembrane domain.
Potential of mesenchymal stem cells alone, or in combination, to treat traumatic brain injury
Authors: Willing Alison E. , Das Mahasweta , Howell Mark , Mohapatra Shyam S. , Mohapatra Subhra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) causes death and disability in the United States and around the world. The traumatic insult causes the mechanical injury of the brain and primary cellular death. While a comprehensive pathological mechanism of TBI is still lacking, the focus of the TBI research is concentrated on understanding the pathophysiology and developing suitable therapeutic approaches. Given the complexities in pathophysiology involving interconnected immunologic, inflammatory, and neurological cascades occurring after TBI, the therapies directed to a single mechanism fail in the clinical trials. This has led to the development of the paradigm of a combination therapeutic approach against TBI. While there are no drugs available for the treatment of TBI, stem cell therapy has shown promising results in preclinical studies. But, the success of the therapy depends on the survival of the stem cells, which are limited by several factors including route of administration, health of the administered cells, and inflammatory microenvironment of the injured brain. Reducing the inflammation prior to cell administration may provide a better outcome of cell therapy following TBI. This review is focused on different therapeutic approaches of TBI and the present status of the clinical trials.
Sequence recommendation based on deep learning
Authors: Guo Dong , Wang Chuantao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn order to solve the cold start problem of traditional recommendation algorithm, the sequence change of user interaction information and deep learning are gradually considered as a key feature of commodity recommendation system. However, most of the existing recommendation methods based on the sequence changes assume that all the interaction information of users is equally important for recommendation, which is not always applicable in real scenarios, because the interaction process of user items is full of randomness and contingency. In this article, we study how to reduce the randomness and contingency between session sequences, make full use of the association between session sequences in the interaction process of users by Deep Learning. In order to better simulate the change of session sequence in the real scene, we adopt sequence sampling methods to transform the single classification problem into sequence modeling problem. And attention mechanism is added to reduce the interference of the recommendation model in the sequence due to the contingency and randomness of the user in the shopping. Finally, through the verification of real data, the MRR@20 index of the improved model is 20% higher than the benchmark level.
Colour matching for smart and sustainable spinning of coloured textiles
Authors: Yang Ruihua , Pan Bo , Deng Qianqian , Wang Zhuo , Xu Yaya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe colours and patterns of coloured textiles are usually obtained via dyeing or printing processes. However, these processes consume large amounts of electricity and cause water pollution, which affects the ecological environment. The hand feel of dyed fabrics is superior to that of printed fabrics. Three‐channel rotor spinning is a highly flexible, adaptable and sustainable method for producing coloured textiles by blending precoloured fibres during the spinning process. Additionally, the process requires approximately half the water required for fabric dyeing or printing. Herein, the colour characteristics, as well as the advantages, of the coloured textiles produced by the new method are demonstrated. Three types of Stearns‐Noechel models are modified to describe the relationship between the blending ratios and resulting textile colours. The colour‐matching accuracy is high. As demonstrated by the results, the three‐channel rotor spinning method can effectively promote coloured textile engineering.
Oxygen plasma pretreatment improves dyeing and antimicrobial properties of wool fabric dyed with natural extract from pomegranate peel
Authors: Peran Jelena , Ercegović Ražić Sanja , Sutlović Ana , Ivanković Tomislav , Glogar Martinia Ira 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the application of conventional potassium aluminium sulphate wool mordanting and a biochemical method with silver nitrate (as antimicrobial agent and mordant), alone and in combination with oxygen plasma, as part of comprehensive research into pretreatment processes for wool dyeing with natural extract from pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.). Pretreatment with oxygen plasma significantly improved the hydrophilicity and tensile strength of all tested samples and showed that oxygen plasma can improve K/S, washing fastness, and even replace certain mordants in wool dyeing with natural pomegranate dye. All dyed samples exhibited good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, which can be contributed to the phenol content in pomegranate dye. Only after 28 days of intensive ageing in natural weathering conditions did K/S and antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae slightly decrease in dyed samples pretreated with oxygen plasma.
Oestrogen‐activated autophagy has a negative effect on the anti‐osteoclastogenic function of oestrogen
Authors: Cheng Liang , Zhu Yunrong , Xie Denghui , Ke Dianshan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesOestrogen is known to inhibit osteoclastogenesis, and numerous studies have identified it as an autophagic activator. To date, the role of oestrogen in the autophagy of osteoclast precursors (OCPs) during osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of autophagy regulated by the biologically active form of oestrogen (17β‐estradiol) on osteoclastogenesis.Materials and methodsAfter treatment with 17β‐estradiol in OCPs (from bone marrow‐derived macrophages, BMMs) and ovariectomy (OVX) mice, we measured the effect of 17β‐estradiol on the autophagy of OCPs in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we studied the role of autophagy in the OCP proliferation, osteoclast differentiation and bone loss regulated by 17β‐estradiol using autophagic inhibitor or knock‐down of autophagic genes.ResultsThe results showed that direct administration of 17β‐estradiol enhanced the autophagic response of OCPs. Interestingly, 17β‐estradiol inhibited the stimulatory effect of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) on the autophagy and osteoclastogenesis of OCPs. Moreover, 17β‐estradiol inhibited the downstream signalling of RANKL. Autophagic suppression by pharmacological inhibitors or gene silencing enhanced the inhibitory effect of 17β‐estradiol on osteoclastogenesis. In vivo assays showed that the autophagic inhibitor 3‐MA not only inhibited the autophagic activity of the OCPs in the trabecular bone of OVX mice but also enhanced the ability of 17β‐estradiol to ameliorate bone loss.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our study showed that oestrogen directly enhanced the autophagy of OCPs, which inhibited its anti‐osteoclastogenic effect. Drugs based on autophagic inhibition may enhance the efficacy of oestrogen on osteoporosis.
Impact of metformin on malignancy in solid organ transplantation
Authors: Bartlett Felicia , January Spenser , Pottebaum April , Horwedel Timothy , Malone Andrew F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMalignancy after solid organ transplant is a common occurrence that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Literature in the general diabetic population has identified possible antineoplastic properties of metformin. This retrospective study aims to determine if metformin results in a malignancy risk reduction in a cohort of diabetic kidney, liver, and heart transplant recipients. The population included transplant recipients without use of metformin at any time point (DMO arm, n = 147) and those with use of metformin (DMM arm, n = 172); the two arms were matched based on organ type and transplant date prior to application of exclusion criteria. Recipients with prior malignancy, malignancy before diabetes diagnosis, and metformin duration <30 days were excluded. The primary endpoint of malignancy first occurrence post‐transplant was not found to be statistically significant at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years. In the subgroup of heart transplant recipients, there was a significant reduction in malignancy at 15 years post‐transplant. Older age and Caucasian race were identified as significant risk factors for malignancy, while never smoker was a protective factor. Metformin use in this solid organ transplant cohort was not found to significantly reduce malignancy risk compared to use of other anti‐diabetic agents.
Mismatch of cognition and neural networks in asymptomatic middle cerebral artery steno‐occlusive disease
Authors: Liu C.‐Y. , Yan S. , Hou B. , Li M.‐L. , Gao S. , Li A. , Liu B. , Xu W.‐H. 
Published: March 2020

Background and purposeThe role of intracranial steno‐occlusive disease in cognitive impairment and dementia is unclear and has not been well studied.MethodsA total of 32 consecutive patients (13 males, aged 54 ± 12 years) with asymptomatic steno‐occlusive middle cerebral artery (MCA) disease, defined as >70% stenosis on maximum intensity projection images or a complete signal loss of MCA trunk on magnetic resonance angiography, and 20 age‐ and education‐matched normal controls (12 males, 60 ± 8 years old) were compared for neuropsychological performance, gray matter volume and neural network analysis.ResultsThe patient group did not show a significant decrease in gray matter volume or cognitive tests except for their performance on the grooved pegboard test. However, graph analysis of resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging showed significant decreases in network strength, global efficiency and the clustering coefficient, as well as a longer characteristic path length (P < 0.05). The diffusive decrease pattern was particularly located in interhemispheric connectivity and there was no compensatory hyperconnectivity in any brain regions.ConclusionIn asymptomatic steno‐occlusive MCA disease, cognition and neural network changes are mismatched and have underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that are different from those of neurodegenerative disease.
Selectivity metrics for fisheries management and advice
Authors: Vasilakopoulos Paraskevas , Jardim Ernesto , Konrad Christoph , Rihan Dominic , Mannini Alessandro , Pinto Cecilia , Casey John , Mosqueira Iago , O’Neill Finbarr G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFisheries management typically aims at controlling exploitation rate (e.g., Fbar) to ensure sustainable levels of stock size in accordance with established reference points (e.g., FMSY, BMSY). Population selectivity (“selectivity” hereafter), that is the distribution of fishing mortality over the different demographic components of an exploited fish stock, is also important because it affects both Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) and FMSY, as well as stock resilience to overfishing. The development of an appropriate metric could make selectivity operational as an additional lever for fisheries managers to achieve desirable outcomes. Additionally, such a selectivity metric could inform managers on the uptake by fleets and effects on stocks of various technical measures. Here, we introduce three criteria for selectivity metrics: (a) sensitivity to selectivity changes, (b) robustness to recruitment variability and (c) robustness to changes in Fbar. Subsequently, we test a range of different selectivity metrics against these three criteria to identify the optimal metric. First, we simulate changes in selectivity, recruitment and Fbar on a virtual fish stock to study the metrics under controlled conditions. We then apply two shortlisted selectivity metrics to six European fish stocks with a known history of technical measures to explore the metrics’ response in real‐world situations. This process identified the ratio of F of the first recruited age–class to Fbar (Frec/Fbar) as an informative selectivity metric for fisheries management and advice.
Effects of seasonal and decadal warming on soil enzymatic activity in a P‐deficient Mediterranean shrubland
Authors: Zuccarini Paolo , Asensio Dolores , Ogaya Romà , Sardans Jordi , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSoil enzymes are central in the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change, and their study can be crucial for the models’ implementation. We investigated for 1 year the effects of warming and seasonality on the potential activities of five soil extracellular enzymes and their relationships with soil moisture, phosphorus (P) concentration, and other soil parameters in a P‐limited Mediterranean semiarid shrubland. The site was continuously subjected to warming since 1999, and we compared data from this study to analogous data from 2004. Warming uniformly increased all enzymes activities, but only when a sufficient amount of soil water was available. Seasonality unevenly altered enzyme activities, thus affecting enzymatic stoichiometry. P deficiency affected enzymatic stoichiometry, favoring the activities of the phosphatases. The effect of warming was stronger in 2014 than 2004, excluding the hypothesis of acclimation of rhizospheric responses to higher temperatures and suggesting that further increases in extracellular enzymatic activities are to be expected if sufficient water is available. Climatic warming will likely generally stimulate soil enzymatic activities and accelerate nutrient mineralization and similar ecological processes such as the production and degradation of biomass and changes in community composition, but which will be limited by water availability, especially in Mediterranean soils in summer. Winters in such ecosystems will benefit from a general increase in activity and production, but biological activity could even decrease in summer, potentially leading to a negative overall balance of nutrient mineralization. This study suggests that a general increase in activity due to warming could lead to faster mineralization of soil organic matter and water consumption in colder climates, until one of these factors in turn becomes limiting. Such trade‐offs between water and temperature in relation with enzyme activity should be considered in biogeochemical models.
Introduction to the special issue: after trust
Authors: MARSDEN MAGNUS , ANDERSON PAUL 
Published: March 2020

Abstract‘Trust’ has long been seen as critical to the success and durability of trading networks, and conceptualized as a positive moral sentiment that is embedded in shared kinship, ethnicity or friendship, or in shared frameworks of morality. Other recent studies of business communities suggest that the ability to work in settings characterized by pervasive mistrust is a key factor in the development of commercial acumen and a determinant of success. Here, the authors argue that a focus on trust and mistrust, and an underlying concern with ethics and morality, can obscure equally critical factors that inform the durability of trading networks. They offer ethnographic accounts of different inter‐Asian trading networks active in the city of Yiwu, which is one of China's most dynamic and diverse ‘international trade cities’. Yiwu is home to the largest wholesale market of small commodities in the world, and attracts traders and merchants from across the planet; more than 12,000 foreign traders are also resident in the city. The authors of the articles presented here analyse the durability of these networks in relation to broader geopolitical processes and contexts. They argue that success often depends on the ability to negotiate geopolitical shifts and the fault lines of political identity. They trace traders’ efforts to create institutions that allow them to withstand geopolitical transformations. They also document the ability of trading networks to operate flexibly across different social fields, showing that resilience often depends on the ability to navigate and profit from shifting relations between economic, political and familial domains.
Introduction to the special theme: theorizing transnational labour markets
Authors: MENSE‐PETERMANN URSULA 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this introduction to the special themed section, ‘Theorizing transnational labour markets: economic‐sociological approaches’, I introduce the reader to the topic and give an overview of the four contributions. The terms ‘global labour market’ and ‘transnational labour market’ are broadly used to account for contemporary social phenomena as diverse as the ever‐closer integration of China or India, with their huge labour forces, into the world economy, the off‐shoring of specific operations of MNCs to countries with cheap labour, or cross‐border labour migration. In most of these cases, the existence of global or transnational labour markets is taken for granted by the media, consulting agencies and other economic actors. However, scholars in labour market research and cross‐border migration alike have largely ignored the categories of global or transnational labour markets. Thus far, it remains unclear what these terms really mean and how we should address them theoretically. The aim of this themed section, therefore, is to view cross‐border labour migration through an economic‐sociological lens and thus bring into dialogue migration and labour market scholarship. By introducing a transnational perspective into labour market research, we hope to make a useful contribution towards theorizing on cross‐border labour markets and thereby overcome the methodological nationalism that seems to have crept into this area of scholarship.
Emicizumab improves the stability and structure of fibrin clot derived from factor VIII‐deficient plasma, similar to the addition of factor VIII
Authors: Shimonishi Naruto , Nogami Keiji , Ogiwara Kenichi , Matsumoto Tomoko , Nakazawa Fumie , Soeda Tetsuhiro , Hirata Michinori , Arai Nobuo , Shima Midori 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionEmicizumab is an antifactor (F)IXa/FX bispecific antibody, mimicking FVIIIa cofactor function. Emi prophylaxis effectively reduces bleeding events in patients with haemophilia A. The physical properties of emicizumab‐induced fibrin clots remain to be investigated, however.AimWe have investigated the stability and structure of emicizumab‐induced fibrin clots.MethodsCoagulation was initiated by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) trigger and prothrombin time (PT)/aPTT‐mixed trigger in FVIII‐deficient plasma with various concentrations of emicizumab or recombinant FVIII. The turbidity and stability of fibrin clots were assessed by clot waveform and clot‐fibrinolysis waveform analyses, respectively. The resulting fibrin was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsUsing an aPTT trigger, the turbidity was decreased and the fibrinolysis times were prolonged in the presence of emicizumab dose‐dependently. Scanning electron microscopy imaging demonstrated that emicizumab improved the structure of fibrin network with thinner fibres than in its absence. Although emicizumab shortened the aPTT dramatically, the nature of emicizumab‐induced fibrin clots did not reflect the hypercoagulable state. Similarly, using a PT/aPTT‐mixed trigger that could evaluate potential emicizumab activity, emicizumab improved the stability and structure of fibrin clot in a series of experiments. In this circumstance, fibrin clot properties with emicizumab at 50 and 100 µg/mL appeared to be comparable to those with FVIII at ~12 and ~24‐32 IU/dL, respectively.ConclusionEmicizumab effectively improved fibrin clot stability and structure in FVIII‐deficient plasma, and the physical properties of emicizumab‐induced fibrin clots were similar to those with FVIII.