bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Telemedicine as a method for providing physician coverage: A pilot experience in a pediatric endocrinology clinic
Authors: Yafi M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Telemedicine (TM) has been a rapidly growing method of providing health. Using technology to provide healthcare at a distance can be helpful in improving access and providing immediate medical care when needed. We evaluated families' choice and acceptance of TM visit in a pediatric endocrinology clinic as an alternative to rescheduling appointments. Based on these experiences potential and limitations will be discussed.

Methods
The families of our patients were informed about the TM visits and given the option to participate. The TM visits were designed for follow-up patients, only. Scope of TM visits was to review the medical condition, laboratory results, anthropometric measures, calculate height velocity, review, and develop medical management plans without performing physical examinations remotely. Satisfaction was obtained at the end of the TM visit.

Results
14 families were offered a TM visit when their physician was not available to conduct the visit. Six families (42%) agreed to participate in the TM visits, of which 2 dropped out. Patients seen were diagnosed with short stature or growth hormone deficiency. All of the participating families (100%) expressed satisfaction and would participate in TM visits in the future. Families who declined the TM visit chose to reschedule for traditional physician visits later.

Conclusions
Telemedicine can offer a practical solution to provide coverage for general and specialized physicians, suddenly unavailable, or to increase access to medical visits in underserved areas. Patients should be informed about TM visits and related details of the process, expectations, privacy, and outcomes prior to starting any TM clinic visit. Although a small sample, our pilot indicates a high hesitancy to participate. Efforts to increase acceptance of TN visits in a highly developed health system cannot be underestimated.
The impact of burnout on nurses' work satisfaction
Authors: Vévoda J , Vévodová Š 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The public health is a “big” employer, it employs approximately 10 % of all workers in the whole European Union, but it suffers from a lack of workers. Approximately 2,500 nurses are lacking in these days in the CR. If the lack will continue to increase, this reality will threaten the functioning of the whole healthcare system. The increasing of a work satisfaction and motivation becomes one of the important factors of nurses' stabilisation. Nevertheless, work dissatisfaction and low motivation is not the only element which can increase the fluctuation. Psychosocial risks (e.g. burnout) which 40 % of nurses in the CR suffer from, can be a problem as well.

Methods
A cross-sectional design is used in the survey. A principle of the survey was to find out how the burnout syndrome influences a list of factors of work dissatisfaction and motivation. Two questionnaires were used. The first questionnaire contained the list of factors of work environment, and it was created according to Herzberg motivation theory. The second one was Maslach Burnout Inventory. A survey was conducted in 2018, 462 nurses participated in the survey. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric test and Euclidean distance model was used for data processing.

Results
The survey revealed that burnout effect affects the subjectively perceived order of factors of work environment. The nurses, who do not suffer from burnout effect, prioritize direct patient care on their ranking of work value system. On the other hand, the nurses, who do suffer from burnout, consider a salary as the most important factor.

Conclusions
Healthcare providers' management should not only seek to increase work satisfaction or motivation on their own. Work satisfaction and low fluctuation can be achieved only through the comprehensive impact on the entire work environment.

Key messages
Job satisfaction and motivation are closely related to psychosocial risks. Reducing these risks will ensure job satisfaction.

Panelists:
Dimitra Panteli
Department of Health Care Management, Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany
Contact: dimitra.panteli@tu-berlin.de
Erin Webb
Department of Health Care Management, Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany
Contact: e.webb@tu-berlin.de
Erica Richardson
European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, London, UK
Contact: erica.richardson@lshtm.ac.uk
Sabine Vogler
WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies, Vienna, Austria
Contact: Sabine.Vogler@goeg.at
Acting the part – managers view on employees with repeated short-term sickness absence
Authors: Moldvik I , Müssener U , Ståhl C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Repeated short-term sickness absence has been identified as a risk factor for long-term sickness absence. This association indicate the need for workplaces to pay attention to employees' sickness patterns and has led to guidelines which encourages employers to acknowledge frequent short-term absence so early interventions may be put in place. It is likely that employer attitudes have an impact for these employees, and for the development into sickness absence. One way of making sense of the employer relationship is to identify which roles they act upon, and how the setting influences these actions. By applying role theory, the aim of the study was to explore managers view of employees with repeated short-term sickness absence.

Methods
The study is a qualitative interview study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers, health- and safety/union representatives and HR-managers at 17 different workplaces, a total of 44 individuals participated in the study. The material was analysed inductively using thematic analysis, focusing on the latent content.

Results
The results suggest that managing repeated short-term sickness absence is viewed as troublesome by the managers and it is not uncommon to express negative attitudes towards these employees. The results indicate that the managers' views of people on short-term sick leave goes through several phases, which we analyse as acts in a play, where their given roles are prescribing which actions to take, and which resources they have available for acting these parts. These acts describe an increasingly controlling attitude, where the sick leave is seen as an individual problem best managed by repressive tactics.

Conclusions
Great responsibility is put on the manager without enough decision latitude for them to handle the sick leave and rehabilitation process, leaving them with the option of focusing on individual actions.

Key messages
Role theory offers the possibility to analyze managers' attitudes and behaviours by considering the workplace and the manager-employee relationship as regulated by norms and organizational factors. The conditions within the organization influence how the managers deal with sickness absence and have an impact on how they view the employees with repeated short-term sickness absence.
Systematic review on Screening for antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in inpatients
Authors: Scardina G , Arzilli G , Casigliani V , Moi M , Lucenteforte E , Petri D , Rello J , Manissero D , Lopalco P L , Tavoschi L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Infections with antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (AMR-GNB) are increasingly being reported worldwide. Early identification of carriage at hospital admission is essential to reduce the risk of onward transmission within the health facility. This systematic review aimed at exploring screening practices for AMR-GNB faecal colonization among patients on admission to hospital in high-income countries and estimating its prevalence.

Methods
We searched on Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane databases for studies published from 2010 up to April 2019. We included studies reporting on patients ≥18 years old and hospitalised (excluding long-term care facilities).

Results
The search retrieved 9496 articles, 85 were included after screening: 10 reported screening activities in outbreak situations (not included in the analysis); 75 in non-outbreak situations. Based on the target patient groups and setting we identified four subsets of screening approaches: all admitted (AA) in high risk (HR) wards (36 studies, 48%), HR patients in HR wards (12, 16%), HR patients in low risk wards (LRW) (11; 15%) and AA - LRW (15, 20%). HR patients-based screening targeted patients with certain clinical conditions (mostly oncologic patients, 37%), travellers 29%, previously hospitalised and individuals with multiple risks 34%. HR wards-based screening was performed mostly in ICU (73%), while LRW-based screening in hospital-wide setting (58%). We investigated the overall prevalence rates of AMR-GNB (15.1%; 95%CI: 9.5-21.6), Klebsiella spp (KB) (4.1%; 3.1-5.3), E. coli (9.6%; 7.7-11.7) P. Aeruginosa (7.6%; 1.7-16.8), A. Baumannii (2.1%; 0.5-4.4) and other Enterobacterales (0.8%; 0.59-1.1). Reported KB-prevalence varied according to screening approaches, with statistically significant higher prevalence in HR wards.

Conclusions
According to our data, screening for AMR-GNB mostly followed targeted approaches. Overall prevalence of AMR-GNB carriage at hospital admission was considerable.

Key messages
This systematic review gives un overview on the screening procedures for AMR-GNB faecal colonization among patients on hospital admission in high-income countries. According to our results, overall prevalence of AMR-GNB carriage was considerable (15.1%), varying among specific pathogens but with no significant correlation with screening approaches, except for KB.
Measurement of gender as a social construct in quantitative health research – a critical review
Authors: Wandschneider L , Batram-Zantvoort S , Razum O , Miani C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The relevance of gender as a social determinant of health inequalities is now broadly acknowledged. However, the plethora of existing approaches to capture gender, which are often stemming from disciplines outside of public health, makes it difficult to assess their practicality and relevance for a given research purpose. We conducted a critical review to 1) map the evidence of how gender can be operationalised in quantitative health research and 2) critically evaluate the identified measures.

Methods
We identified peer-reviewed articles in electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO), as well as grey literature in OpenGrey and on the website of governmental and not-for-profit organisations that actively encourage gender-sensitive public health research. Eligible sources described the quantitative operationalisation of the social dimension of gender. With the help of a newly developed scorecard, we assessed their relevance from a theory perspective (e.g. intersectionality) and the potential for implementation from a practical, epidemiological point of view.

Results
Gender measures principally assessed gender roles, gender-based discrimination and gender (in)equality. The majority lacked theoretical foundation, and tended to reinforce the binary understanding of gender identity through stereotypes of femininity and masculinity. An intersectional approach was found mostly in data-driven composite measures. Those also had the advantage of being easy to construct with standard health monitoring data.

Conclusions
A range of gender measures are readily available for public health research, addressing different levels and dimensions of gender as a social construct. With our theory-informed, practice-driven critical review, we highlighted their strengths and limitations and provided analytical tools for researchers interested in conducting intersectional gender-sensitive analyses.

Key messages
Gender and its impact on health can be captured through a range of measures (e.g. scales, indices). Among those, non-binary, theory-informed understandings of gender remain underrepresented. With the help of a newly developed scorecard, our critical review highlights the various gender measures’ strengths and limitations from a theory perspective and a practical point of view.
The Association between Depression and Anxiety with Online Social Networking
Authors: Višnjić A , Jović Vraneš A , Šantrić Milićević M , Stojanović M , Stanković M , Jovanović Tamara 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It would seem that today, for many individuals the most important thing is to have a good profile picture on online social networks. Accordingly, there is a serious possibility that addiction to social networking sites (SNS) can lead to psychosocial and behavioral disorders, and other negative consequences on health-related issues. So, the aim of this study was to determine the association between the use of social networking sites and its dependence on symptoms of depression and anxiety. This cross-sectional study was carried out at the University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine from February to May, 2019. All of the respondents were assessed by using an appropriate questionnaire. The study included 1405 randomly selected respondents (411 males and 994 females). The strongest predictor of whether one has high levels of depression symptoms was state of conflict, where the odds ratio was 10.28. This indicates that the respondents with higher scores of the conflict component have symptoms of depression 10.28 times more often than others. It has been observed that depression symptoms are also more common in those respondents with expressed withdrawal symptoms (OR = 4.27), and with mood modification (OR = 1.82). Anxiety symptoms, similar to those of depression, are most present in individuals with conflict state (OR = 10.31), in those with withdrawal symptoms (OR = 6.83), and then with mood modification (OR = 2.55). The number of active accounts/profiles and number of devices, as well as state of salience and tolerance played no part in any of the cases. There is no doubt that there is a direct link between SNS and depression and anxiety. While these links may not be causal, it is quite certain that overuse of social networks exacerbates these symptoms.

Key messages
There is no doubt that there is a direct link between SNS and depression and anxiety. Strategies for self-control and limited SNS use should be developed by mental health professionals.
Hospital STI prevention scheme adapted to target undiagnosed LGBT migrants in Paris area since 2018
Authors: Bouchet-Mayer C , Segouin C , Kouadio-Sankadio C P , Sow A , Ramirez-Diaz W , Ferez S , Shelly M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In Île-de-France region, 10 000 people do not know they are living with HIV (Supervie, 2016). 70% are men, including 40% men having sex with other men (MSM) and 40% sub-Saharan African migrants. From 35% to 49% of those sub-Saharan African migrants are infected in France. The main HIV prevention issues is to target populations that are unrepresented in screening test centers.

Methods
To achieve these aims, a sexual health promotion scheme has been designed by a public health association, a Sexual Transmitted Infections (STI) center and an association supporting people asking asylum because of their “sexual orientation or gender identity”. Outreach STI screening test actions are organized monthly in places crowded by asylum seekers and associative sexual health consultation including screening, results reporting, treatments, vaccinations and Pre-Exposition Prophylaxis (PrEP), devoted to asylum seekers are taking place weekly into the hospital. Pear community members have been trained to be referent in health matters and enhance the scheme effectiveness.

Results
549 people were screened for STI through 110 actions from March 2018 to December 2019, of which 25 were outreach and 85 inside the hospital. 74% were from sub-Saharan Africa and 86% were presumed MSM. 89% were under 40 years old. 20% of the screened people were diagnosed positive to at least one STI and 52 people have been engaged in PrEP treatment after a risky assessment. Pear referent involvement reduced the number of unreported results, 10% are still unreported. 21 people have stopped PrEP follow-up. Around 3/4 of those followed by the association on the period stand unreached.

Conclusions
The scheme allowed to targeted population according to epidemiology's indicators but we don't know if the most exposed part of the population is reached. Partnership between associations and hospital improved public health system as well as community involvement.

Key messages
Public health system needs adaptations to struggles epidemics. Community involvement must be a priority to increase prevention’s efficiency .
Perinatal outcomes among Venezuelan immigrants in Colombia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Garnica Rosas L , Lamadrid-Figueroa H , Granich Armenta A , Salvador Dominguez M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
In the last decade, Venezuela suffers a humanitarian crisis, leading to massive emigration to border countries, including Colombia. One of the most vulnerable migrant groups is pregnant women. They face social and economic challenges, in addition to the barriers to access public health care services. These circumstances might increase adverse perinatal outcomes. This study aims to analyse the perinatal outcomes of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia and determine if the migration factor impacts on the perinatal results.

Methods
Data were obtained from the 2017 Colombian national birth register (n = 1,085 births in Venezuelan migrants and n = 654,829 in Colombian women). The premature birth (PB), low birth weight (LBW), 1-minute, and 5-minute Apgar score were compared to identify any association with the demographic, obstetric and neonatal characteristics, considering motheŕs origin as the primary exposure variable. Logistic regression models were used for the binary outcomes and linear regression models for continuous outcomes.

Results
The main difference was found in the low prevalence in health insurance coverage among Venezuelan women in comparison to natives (2.5% vs. 86.4%), and antenatal care visits (Mean 3.35±2.60 vs. 6.37±2.56). Venezuelan women were more likely to have newborns with LBW (OR 1.27; 95%CI 1.01, 1.58), lower Apgar scores at 1-minute (ß -0.09; 95%CI -0.14, -0.025) and 5-minute (ß -0.13; 95%CI -0.17, -0.08) in comparison to Colombians.

Conclusions
Our findings support that some neonatal outcomes among the Venezuelan migrants differed significantly from those of the Colombian women. The disadvantages found in health insurance coverage and antenatal care among migrants group were considered influencing factors. More effort among public health policies is needed to allow the migrant population having effective access to health care services, in order to improve the conditions of these women and their offspring.

Key messages
Pregnant migrant women are a vulnerable group in Colombia, facing health access barriers with neonatal consequences. The action is required by the application and reinforces of inclusive health policies among migrant population in Colombia.
COVID-19 serological testing for Healthcare Workers in Lombardy, Italy
Authors: Del Castillo G , Castrofino A , Grosso F , Barone A , Crottogini L , Toso C , Pellegrinelli L , Pariani E , Castaldi S , Cereda D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Issue
COVID-19 pandemic began in Italy on February 20th, 2020. Since the beginning of the emergency Healthcare Workers' (HCWs) involvement was prominent, mainly due to direct assistance to COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we implemented a prevention policy for HCW screening through serological and RT-PCR testing.

Description of the problem
HCW screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential for prevention and control of the pandemic. Lombardy's Healthcare authorities settled a screening process for HCWs divided into three steps: 1) body temperature assessment at the beginning and the end of work shift, if fever &gt; 37.5 °C was present the HCW was sent back home and a nasopharyngeal swab was performed; 2) progressive recruitment for serological testing; 3) on those positive to IgG a nasopharyngeal swab was performed and tested for viral RNA by RT-PCR.

Results
Among 79185 HCW tested, 9589 (12%) were positive on serological IgG testing. Of the 9589 positive a nasopharyngeal swab was performed on 6884. Of these 358 (5%) tested positive and the remaining 6526 (95%) negative to RT-PCR. We calculated a Positive Predictive Value of 5.2%. The rate of positive serological tests for each Healthcare facility varied between 0% and 78%. Five percent of all facilities, belonging to Brescia, Bergamo and Cremona area, reported a positivity rate higher than 40% in HCWs. A second cluster (18% of all facilities), involving the same geographical area, reported a rate between 20% and 40%, whereas the remaining facilities (76%) of the region a rate &lt;20%.

Lessons
Serological IgG testing can be, if followed by immediate nasopharyngeal swab testing, a valid screening intervention on asymptomatic HCWs especially in a high infection prevalence setting.

Key messages
Serological IgG testing can be, if followed by immediate nasopharyngeal swab testing, a valid screening intervention on asymptomatic HCWs. Infection prevention in HCW may benefit from a screening campaign especially in high prevalence settings.
Influenza surveillance system and Covid-19
Authors: Castrofino A , Del Castillo G , Grosso F , Barone A , Gramegna M , Galli C , Tirani M , Castaldi S , Pariani E , Cereda D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The clinical presentation of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 not only includes viral pneumonia, but also milder illness overlapping with influenza-like illness (ILI), allowing a potential tracking of the infection in the framework of the national influenza surveillance system (SS). By comparing the data recorded by the influenza SS in 2019-20 season to those collected for the previous years, we want to evaluate whether the implementation of ILI SS could succeed in early detection and monitoring of Covid-19 diffusion.
We analyzed the data recorded by the influenza SS and we compared the distribution of ILI incidence rate by week for 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 season in order to understand whether the SS detected any abnormality coinciding with Covid-19 outbreak.
The distribution of ILI cases in the three seasons presented a similar pattern up to the 9th week; after then, a reduction in the ILI incidence rate was observed in the 2017-18 and the 2018-19 season while an increase was detected for 2019-20. During 2019-20 season, three major characteristics stand out: i) at the beginning of Covid-19 epidemic (7th-9th week) 9,17/1000 cases were reported; ii) during the recognition of the COVID-19 outbreak (9th-10th week) 6,36/1000 cases; iii) during the spread of Covid-19 (10th-11th week) an unexpected increase to 7,72/1000 cases. Additionally, their geographical distribution was concentrated in the areas known to be most affected by the epidemic.
The influenza SS enabled us to detect the introduction and distribution of COVID-19. Implementation of the system should be prioritized in order to early identify new waves of Covid-19 but also any future novel respiratory pathogen. In order to empower the SS, it would be advisable to increase the population coverage about 2% which is the actual standard.

Key messages
The influenza surveillance system detected the first wave of Covid-19 in Lombardy Region, Italy. The influenza surveillance system should be implemented in order to bring a benefit both to the current situation and in sight of future public health challenges.