bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Patients with Neurotrauma by Trauma Surgeons: Need of the Hour
Authors: Rattan Amulya , Kumar Subodh , Gupta Amit , Mishra Biplab , Sagar Sushma 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTrauma-related deaths in excess of 1 million occur annually in India, more than half of which are attributable to head injury. There are just 1,400 certified neurosurgeons in India, and only 300 new trainees are inducted every year. More than 80% of India’s specialist doctors live in urban India. There is evidence that patients travel hundreds of kilometers to seek a neurosurgeon; needless to say, golden hour of trauma is surely lost in this time. Scarcity of neurosurgeons is a problem in the developed world too. Government of India is building a national network of trauma centers for better trauma care. However, neurosurgeon availability at these centers remains a cause of concern. In dire need of neurotrauma management and scarcity of neurosurgeons, management of neurotrauma by trauma and general surgeons is the best available option. Such management policies have already been tested successfully in both developed (Germany, Sweden) and developing world (Nepal). There is evidence on patient safety and good outcome in neurotrauma management by trauma surgeons. Refresher training of 1 week every 2 years has been recommended to prevent skill attrition after 2-week neurotrauma training led by a neurosurgeon. Uninterrupted run of 3-year trauma surgery residency program at JPN Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, incorporating in-house neurotrauma training is a testimony to need and utility of this approach. A “readily available neurosurgeon when needed” is a scarce resource in most parts of world. Therefore, trauma surgeon is best suited to deliver timely care in neurotrauma and tackle this “hidden epidemic.”
Effect of Two Anesthetic Regimes with Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant on Transcranial Electrical Motor Evoked Potentials during Spine Surgery
Authors: Mishra Rajeeb K. , Prabhakar Hemanshu , Kapoor Indu , Chandran Dinu S. , Chaturvedi Arvind 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Transcranial motor evoked potential (TcMEP) recording during spinal cord/spinal column surgery is a reliable and valid diagnostic adjunct to assess spinal cord integrity and is recommended if utilized for this purpose. Electrophysiologic monitoring in terms of TcMEP has been proven to be a useful tool in detecting spinal cord dysfunction at the earliest and allows corrective action to be taken before permanent neuronal dysfunction sets in. The quality of intraoperative neuromonitoring is influenced by various factors. Most anesthetics used in clinical practice suppress the evoked potentials. Thus, selecting an appropriate technique is always a challenging task.
Materials and Methods Thirty ASA I and II patients scheduled for elective dorsolumbar spine surgery with TcMEP monitoring were recruited in the study. Patients were randomized into three groups: (1) Propofol (group P) 100 to 150 µg/kg/min with dexmedetomidine 0.6 µg/kg/hr and fentanyl 1 µg/kg/hr, (2) desflurane (group D) (<0.5 MAC) with dexmedetomidine 0.6 µg/kg/hr and fentanyl 1 µg/kg/hr, and (3)standard group (group S) patients received propofol 100 to 150 µg/kg/min, fentanyl 1 µg/kg/hr along with equal volume of saline (placebo). TcMEP amplitudes were recorded bilaterally from electrodes placed at least in one set of muscles with motor origin rostral and one set of muscle caudal to the spinal level of lesion at different time points.
Results Three patients were excluded after allocation; 27 out of 30 patients were analyzed. The demographic and surgical characteristics of patients were comparable. The stimulation voltage needed to elicit the responses in all the three groups was comparable. No difference was observed in brachioradialis muscle amplitudes between the groups at different time points. However, in the right brachioradialis muscle, we found reduced amplitudes at baseline in group D and at 120 minutes in group P. We noticed reduced amplitudes of bilateral brachioradialis muscle in group P at 60 minutes and 90 minutes with respect to the baseline. For lower extremity, we measured amplitudes of TcMEP in tibialis anterior (TA) and did not find any difference in amplitudes between the groups at different time points.
Conclusion We observed that the desflurane–dexmedetomidine combination did not hinder TcMEP as compared with both standard and propofol–dexmedetomidine groups. Thus, this combined regime could be used in surgeries requiring motor evoked potential monitoring.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of Spinal Canal: Brief Case Report
Authors: Bryl Maciej , Fortuniak Jan , Wiśniewski Karol , Bobeff Ernest Jan , Jin Yizi , Papierz Wielisław , Jaskólski Dariusz Jan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe describe a case of an intradural extramedullary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the cervical spine. A 56-year-old woman presented with progressive neck pain, radiating to the right scapula, without any neurologic deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intradural extramedullary tumor with a dural tail sign, located at the C3–T1 segment with homogeneous contrast enhancement. The patient was operated on for a suspected meningioma. Pathologic examination showed fibrosis and inflammation with infiltration of B and T lymphocytes accompanied by plasmocytes, macrophages, and myofibroblast oocytes. We present the clinical course and review of the literature.
Learning Curve of a Surgical Educator: Resident Cataract Surgery Outcomes under the Supervision of One Attending Surgeon over 5 Years
Authors: Zafar Sidra , Chen Ariel , Seo Seung Yeon , Chen Xinyi , Tian Jing , Srikumaran Divya , Sikder Shameema , Woreta Fasika A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The main purpose of this article is to determine the trend of intraoperative complications of resident-performed cataract surgery under the supervision of one attending surgeon during the initial 5 years of surgical teaching.
Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted at the Wilmer Eye Institute for all postgraduate year 4 resident-performed cataract surgeries between July 2013 and June 2018 that were supervised by one attending surgeon who was directly out of fellowship training. Recorded data included patient demographics, presence of preoperative risk factors (small pupil, dense cataract, history of ocular trauma, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, postvitrectomy, pre-existing zonular weakness, and high myopia), and intraoperative complications (posterior capsule tear resulting in vitreous loss and zonular dehiscence resulting in vitreous loss and/or loss of sulcus support). A generalized estimating equation model was constructed to determine factors associated with intraoperative complications.
Results A total of 1,253 resident cataract surgeries involving 988 patients were included. The overall complication rate was 3.6% (n = 45/1253), with a decreasing trend observed in the rate of intraoperative complications across the study years. Multivariate analysis found that complications during cataract surgery were more likely to occur in earlier years of the supervising surgeon's career (p = 0.01), at the beginning of the academic year (p = 0.03), in eyes with preoperative risk factors (p < 0.001), black patients (p = 0.02), and left eyes (p = 0.02).
Conclusion A learning curve exists for novice attending surgeons during their initial years of resident cataract surgery supervision. Residency programs should consider resources to educate novice surgical educators, especially on how to effectively supervise resident-performed complex cases.
An evolutionary switch from sibling rivalry to sibling cooperation, caused by a sustained loss of parental care
Authors: Rebar Darren , Bailey Nathan W. , Jarrett Benjamin J. M. , Kilner Rebecca M. 
Published: January 2020

SignificanceThe evolution of sibling rivalry is a classic problem in behavioral ecology. Our approach of observing the experimental evolution of sibling interactions in real time reveals three key insights. First, when parents provide parental care, siblings evolve to compete. Parental care compensates for the costs of sibling rivalry. Second, when parents do not supply care, siblings evolve to cooperate. Sibling cooperation compensates for the loss of parental care. Third, rapid evolutionary switching between sibling rivalry and sibling cooperation is possible because siblings induce greater levels of rivalry (or cooperation) in each other. This generates positive evolutionary feedback, rapidly locking larvae into evolving greater levels of competition (or cooperation) in the presence (or absence) of parental care.
Precise CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the NHE1 gene renders chickens resistant to the J subgroup of avian leukosis virus
Authors: Koslová Anna , Trefil Pavel , Mucksová Jitka , Reinišová Markéta , Plachý Jiří , Kalina Jiří , Kučerová Dana , Geryk Josef , Krchlíková Veronika , Lejčková Barbora , Hejnar Jiří 
Published: January 2020

Significance
The current progress of genome editing techniques accelerates the knock-out and knock-in studies in animal models and production of genetic modifications in livestock. Increased resistance to viral pathogens is a particular goal because many monogenic host cell factors are necessary for productive infection and pathogenesis. For example, virus receptors with their specific virus binding sites are direct targets for the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. We introduced a single amino acid deletion into the gene encoding the receptor that is required for avian leukosis virus subgroup J to infect chicken cells. Here, we demonstrate that this mutation confers the resistance of chickens to avian leukosis virus subgroup J, an important pathogen in poultry. In addition, we present highly efficient genome-editing technology in chicken.
Novel method for l-methionine determination using l-methionine decarboxylase and application of the enzyme for l-homocysteine determination
Authors: Okawa Atsushi , Hayashi Masaya , Inagaki Junko , Okajima Toshihide , Tamura Takashi , Inagaki Kenji 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

For many years, clinical studies have suggested that blood levels of l-methionine and L-homocysteine correlate with health status or homocystinuria/hypermethioninemia. l-Methionine in a solution containing 0%, 10%, or 20% human serum was detected in 10–200 µM using l-methionine decarboxylase (MetDC). Spike and recovery tests showed that the enzymatic assay could accurately and reproducibly determine the increases in l-methionine in serum samples. These results suggest that our enzymatic method using MetDC is useful for primary screening of hypermethioninemia or homocystinuria based on serum l-methionine concentration. Additionally, we confirmed that l-methionine (100 nmol) in solution was degraded to less than the detection limit by incubation at 37ºC for 10 min using 2 U of MetDC. Therefore, l-homocysteine in serum samples can be detected with equivalent sensitivity using l-methionine γ-lyase (MGL), in solutions that either did not contain l-methionine or contained l-methionine preincubated with MetDC.

Abbreviations
DTT: dithiothreitol; IPTG: isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside; KPB: potassium phosphate buffer; MBTH: 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinonehydrazone; mdc: the gene coding l-methionine decarboxylase; MetDC: l-methionine decarboxylase; mgl: the gene coding l-methionine γ-lyase; MGL: l-methionine γ-lyase; PLP: pyridoxal 5ʹ-phosphate
Direct printing of sub-30

μ

m liquid metal patterns on three-dimensional surfaces for stretchable electronics
Authors: Shin Gyowook , Jeon Byungjun , Park Yong-Lae 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this study, a liquid metal is directly printed on various types of surfaces using an automated dispensing system. A particular class of liquid metals called eutectic gallium–indium (Ga: 75.5% In: 24.5% by weight ratio) was chosen and printed on flat, inclined (20°, 30°, 40°, and 50°), and curved (

=  0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05 mm−1) surfaces. The inner diameter of the dispenser nozzle, the distance between the nozzle tip and the surface of the substrate, turned out to be the crucial parameters that determine the performance of printing, based on the experimental evaluation of the relationship between the trace width and the parameters. We were able to control the trace width under 200

m as small as 22

m by adjusting the parameters we tested. To the best of our knowledge, an EGaIn trace 22

m in width is the smallest one achieved by direct printing of a liquid metal on three-dimensional (3D) surfaces. Also, we were able to print not only straight lines but also curved patterns, such as spiral shapes. This will lead to the miniaturization of stretchable electronics with any pattern shapes consisting of straight lines and curves. As an example of applications of the proposed method, a micro-scale pressure sensor with a spiral trace pattern was fabricated, and its performance was evaluated with loading and unloading tests. Another application of the proposed method includes direct printing of stretchable electronics on surfaces with arbitrary shapes and curvatures. It was demonstrated with a seven-segment display circuit and soft sensors printed on a mannequin hand. We believe the proposed method and its applications will open a new space in development of soft electronics and robots.
A high transmittance and fast response in-plane switching liquid crystal display with the zero-azimuth anchoring layers on the electrodes
Authors: Sato Osamu , Okuno Harumi , Adachi Isao , Goto Kohei , Noda Takahiro , Tsutsui Kimiaki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An in-plane switching (IPS) liquid crystal display (LCD) containing the zero-azimuth anchoring layers formed only on the electrodes and rubbed polyimide (PI) covered on the other areas was successfully developed. This configuration was realized using photoreactive PI with photo-radical generation units and the mask exposure technique. The maximum transmittance (T
max) of this LCD was 1.12 times higher than that of a conventional IPS LCD. This was attributed to a large aperture in the voltage-on state because the nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) on the electrodes were barely anchored to the surface, such that the NLCs could be rotated by applying a small in-plane electric field above the electrodes, and by an elastic torque caused by the twisted NLCs between the electrodes. Furthermore, the response times of this LCD were equivalent to those of a conventional IPS LCD because the NLCs between the electrodes quickly recovered to their initial orientation after removing the electric field, and the NLCs on the electrodes followed this movement. This novel LCD is termed a ‘partially zero-azimuth anchoring IPS (PZ-IPS) LCD’, which is the first practical LCD utilizing these weak anchoring characteristics in the history of LCDs.
Lattice dynamics of twisted ZnO nanowires under generalized Born–von Karman boundary conditions
Authors: Liu Zhao , Yam Chi-Yung , Gao Shiwu , Sun Tao , Zhang Dong-Bo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Due to their excellent structural flexibility, low dimensional materials allow to modulate their properties by strain engineering. In this work, we illustrate the phonon calculation of deformed quasi-one dimensional nanostructures involving inhomogeneous strain patterns. The key is to employ the generalized Born–von Karman boundary conditions, where the phonon states are characterized with screw and rotational symmetries. We use wurtzite ZnO nanowire (NW) as a representative to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the present approach. First, we show the equivalence between the phonon dispersions obtained with this approach and that obtained with standard phonon approach. Next, as an application of the present approach, we study the phonon responses of ZnO NWs to twisting deformation. We find that twisting has more influence on the phonon modes resided in the NW shell than those resided around the NW core. For phonon at the NW shell, the modes polarized along the NW axis is more sensitive to twisting than those polarized in the NW radial dimension. Twisting also induces significant reduction in group velocities for a large portion of optical modes, hinting a non-negligible impact on the lattice thermal conductivity. The present approach may be useful to study the strain-tunable thermal properties of quasi-one dimensional materials.
Geometrical self-testing of partially entangled two-qubit states
Authors: Ishizaka Satoshi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Quantum nonlocality has recently been intensively studied in connection to device-independent quantum information processing, where the extremal points of the set of quantum correlations play a crucial role through self-testing. In most protocols, the proofs for self-testing rely on the maximal violation of the Bell inequalities, but there is another known proof based on the geometry of state vectors to self-test a maximally entangled state. We present a geometrical proof in the case of partially entangled states. We show that, when a set of correlators in the simplest Bell scenario satisfies a condition, the geometry of the state vectors is uniquely determined. The realization becomes self-testable when another unitary observable exists on the geometry. Applying this proven fact, we propose self-testing protocols by intentionally adding one more measurement. This geometrical scheme for self-testing is superior in that, by using this as a building block and repeatedly adding measurements, a realization with an arbitrary number of measurements can be self-tested. Besides the application, we also attempt to describe nonlocal correlations by guessing probabilities of distant measurement outcomes. In this description, the quantum set is also convex, and a large class of extremal points is identified by the uniqueness of the geometry.
The Potential Use of Salted Marine By-Catches and Fish Viscera Meal Mixture as A Replacement for Conventional Fishmeal in the Diet of Indonesian River Catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus)
Authors: Hasan B , Iriani D , Leksono T , Suharman I , Suzanti F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The research was conducted to investigate the substitution effect of dietary salted marine by-catches and fish viscera meal mixtures for conventional fishmeal on physicochemical and sensory quality of Indonesian river catfish. Four experimental diets containing 34% crude protein and 3.20 kcal g−1 digestible energy were formulated. A control diet (FM) contains 54% fishmeal and no salted marine bycatch - fish viscera mixture (SMBFVM). In the other diets, the fishmeal was reduced and proportionally replaced with SMBFVM, 50% (SMBFVM-50), 75% (SMBFVM-75) and 100% (SMBFVM-100). A commercial diet (CD) containing 32 % crude protein and 2,94 kcal g−1 digestible energy was used as the reference. Feeding trial was performed with 1500 fish (4.79±0.38 g in weight) which was distributed in 2x2x1.5 m triplicate net cages, and the fish was fed the experimental diets at satiation twice daily at 07:00 AM and 05:00 PM for 8 weeks. There was no substitution effect of fishmeal by SMBFVM on the survival rate of the fish (P>0.05). Substitution of fishmeal by SMBFVM in the diet up to 75% (SMBFVM-75) increased weight gain, specific growth rate, food efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention (p<0,05) better than control diet; and complete substitution of fishmeal with SMBFVM (SMBFVM-100) gave similar growth performance to control diet (P>0.05). Total replacement of fishmeal with SMBFVM in the diets also gave comparable body fish proximate and amino acid profile to control diet. Compared to CD, fish fed SMBFVM diets had similar growth performance, body proximate, and amino acid profile. The SMBFVM, therefore, could completely replace conventional fishmeal in the diet for Indonesian river catfish without negative effects on fish growth, body proximate, and amino acid profile.
Nutritional Characteristics of Protein Isolated from Snakehead (Channa striata) Using the pH-Shift Method
Authors: Karnila R , Edison  , Suharman I , Sidauruk S W , Mahardika N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Protein isolate, the purest protein, can be produced through pH regulation so that the resulting amino acid content that can be used to formulate several food products for both human and animal consumptions. Thus, the objectives of present study were: 1) to determine the nutritional content of muscle and muscle flour of snakehead, 2) to obtain optimum alkaline and acid pH of protein isolates from snakehead, and 3) to determine nutritional of protein isolates from snakehead. The method of this research was experimental method by making protein isolates from snakehead by using different alkaline pHs (10, 11, and 12), furthermore, the best alkaline pH treatment followed by different acid pHs (4 and 5). The results showed the nutritional content (protein) of snakehead muscle was 73.32% dry basis (db) with a yield of 37.40%, while the protein content of snakehead muscle flour was 75.57% (db) with a yield of 82.30%. The best alkaline pH was pH 11 that nutritional characteristics were a yield of 9.56% and a protein content of 83.45% (db). Furthermore, pH 4 was the best acid pH that nutritional characteristics were a yield of 9.80%, protein content of 84.20% (db).
Determination of Nano-Collagen Quality from Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra
Authors: Desmelati  , Sumarto  , Dewita  , Dahlia  , Syafrijal  , Sari P A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sea cucumber contains high collagen protein and potential to be used in cosmetics and health. The aim of this study are to determine the quality of sea cucumber collagen using hydrochloric acid with different concentrations and the quality of nano-collagen using stirrer magnetic in different stirring times. This study was conducted by an experimental method using stages of the collagen extraction process and manufacture of nano-collagen. Process of extracting sea cucumber meat collagen using different concentrations of HCl (4%, 5%, and 6%), and process of making nano-collagen using 96% ethanol solution with different stirring times (one, two, three hours). Sea cucumber collagen with the 6% HCl extraction process obtained optimally results with collagen yield of 20.76%, white degree 73.97%, moisture level 10.99%, protein 98.3%, ash 0.86%, fat 0.59%, and collagen pH 3.92. The functional groups in collagen in accordance with the standard collagen compounds. The nano-collagen obtained was in the form of a creamy white powder (79.25% white degree), moisture 9.11%, ash 0.68%, fat 0.51%, protein 98.9%, pH 3.98, and particle size 285 nm.
Fortification of Health Food Supplement as Functional Food in Sago Analogue
Authors: Restu  , Syahrul  , Dewita  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Health food supplement is a health support food that can help meet important nutrients for the body’s needs to function properly. Therefore, supplements are not full substitutes for medicines and food, meaning that health food supplements are intended to supplement or increase food intakes. This research is designed to create an economic multiplier effect through the development of sago analog rice as Riau’s flagship product. The purpose of this study is to process fortified sago analog rice fortified with health food supplements made from functional food ingredients (gabus fish concentrate, catfish oil and chlorella sp. concentrate). The research method used is an experimental method with experiments on processing sago analog rice fortified with health food supplements made from functional components of food (amino acid albuminl, crude fiber and omega-9 fatty acids). The treatments given are formulations of analog rice with four levels, namely: sago analog rice (F1), corn analog rice (F2), red rice analog rice (F3), and analog combination sago rice, red rice and corn (F4). The results show that, based on organoleptic preference tests, F4 analog rice was most preferred by panelists, namely analog rice combined with different sources of starch (sago, red rice and corn).