bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of nano spherical bioglass by alkali-catalyzed mixed template
Authors: Mao Yanrui , Liao Jianguo , Wu Minhang , Wen Jing , Xu Junhua , Li Yuqing , Xie Yufen , Ying Qiwei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nano bioactive glasses (NBGs) were fabricated by alkali-catalyzed sol-gel combined with self-assembly template technique using ammonia and dodecylamine as dual-alkali catalysts. Its effect of the addition of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) in NBGs on its morphology and bioactivity were characterized. It is found that the incorporation of CTAB can adjust the diameter of particles from 23 nm to 48 nm and the NBGs can induce hydroxyapatite deposition on the surface. With the increase of CTAB, the size of particle decreased while its mineralization activity in vitro was enhanced. Thus, this study provides an available method to synthesize spherical nano bioglass with controllable particle size.
Time-reversed water waves generated from an instantaneous time mirror
Authors: Peng Danming , Fan Yiyang , Liu Ruochen , Guo Xiasheng , Wang Sihui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An instantaneous time mirror (ITM) is an interesting approach to manipulate wave propagation from the time boundaries. In the time domain, the reversed waveform is previously proven to be the temporal derivative of the original pattern. Here, we further investigate into the relationship between the wave patterns in the spatial domain both theoretically and experimentally. The refraction of a square array of laser beams is used to determine the three-dimensional (3D) shape of the water surface. The experimental results verify the theoretical prediction that the reversed pattern is related to the Laplacian of the initial wave field. Based on these findings, the behaviors of the ITM activated in an inhomogeneous medium are discussed, and the phenomenon of total energy change is explained.
Lymphocytic Esophagitis With Predominance of CD4 T Cells and Expansion of Th1 Cells Is Associated With Achalasia
Authors: Muller Kristen , Xiao Jenny , Putra Juan , Rothstein Richard , McCourt Collin , Konnikova Liza , Lisovsky Mikhail 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Although histologic features in biopsies suggesting a possibility of achalasia would be helpful diagnostically, such features remain unknown. The goal of this study was to explore the prevalence, histologic features, and immunophenotype of lymphocytic esophagitis (LyE) in achalasia biopsies.

Methods
The study group consisted of 57 patients with achalasia. Controls comprised 52 patients with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and normal esophageal motility. CD4/CD8 immunophenotype of lymphocytes was analyzed by immunohistochemistry

Results
LyE was identified in 30% (17/57) of patients with achalasia and 6% (3/52) of patients with GERD, indicating a strong association with achalasia (odds ratio, 6.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.90-25.38). LyE was focal in 59% (10/17) of the cases and diffuse in 41% (7/17). CD4 T-cell predominance over CD8 T cells was observed in 88% of patients with achalasia and LyE. T helper 1 (Th1) cells, but not T helper 2 cells, were expanded in CD4 T cells; in the absence of evident infection, this was compatible with the role of Th1 cells in organ-specific autoimmunity.

Conclusions
Achalasia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of clinical entities associated with CD4-predominant LyE. Additional studies to explore the significance of Th1 cells in achalasia-associated LyE are warranted.
A systematic analysis of miRNA markers and classification algorithms for forensic body fluid identification
Authors: Liu Yang , He Hongxia , Xiao Zhi-Xiong , Ji Anquan , Ye Jian , Sun Qifan , Cao Yang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIdentifying the types of body fluids left at the crime scene can be essential to reconstructing the crime scene and inferring criminal behavior. MicroRNA (miRNA) molecule extracted from the trace of body fluids is one of the most promising biomarkers for the identification due to its high expression, extreme stability and tissue specificity. However, the detection of miRNA markers is not the answer to a yes–no question but the probability of an assumption. Therefore, it is a crucial task to develop complicated methods combining multi-miRNAs as well as computational algorithms to achieve the goal. In this study, we systematically analyzed the expression of 10 most probable body fluid-specific miRNA markers (miR-451a, miR-205-5p, miR-203a-3p, miR-214-3p, miR-144-3p, miR-144-5p, miR-654-5p, miR-888-5p, miR-891a-5p and miR-124-3p) in 605 body fluids-related samples, including peripheral blood, menstrual blood, saliva, semen and vaginal secretion. We introduced the kernel density estimation (KDE) method and six well-established methods to classify the body fluids in order to find the most optimal combinations of miRNA markers as well as the corresponding classifying method. The results show that the combination of miR-451a, miR-891a-5p, miR-144-5p and miR-203a-3p together with KDE can achieve the most accurate and robust performance according to the cross-validation, independent tests and random perturbation tests. This systematic analysis suggests a reference scheme for the identification of body fluids in an accurate and stable manner.
‘Daily I sit | with the Language’: Solmaz Sharif’s and Philip Metres’s Documentary Poetics of War
Authors: Anderson Lauryn 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Cambridge Quarterly endows a prize for the dissertation gaining the highest mark in the Cambridge University final examination in English. The article printed here is the Prize Essay for 2020
The documentary poem is a genre increasingly associated with providing a ‘second life’ for voices excluded from or misrepresented in official documents. Solmaz Sharif and Philip Metres enact such a poetic extension of archival memory; through scarred and redacted textual bodies, their poetry re-examines documents relating to recent US military operations, reflecting the insidious ways through which ‘truth’ is rendered a casualty in the official discourses of war. In these wounded texts, the reader is subsequently faced with a position of failed witnessing. This dissertation proposes that an affective and self-aware position of ‘with-ness’ must be taken in response, which makes no claim to completeness or authority. By validating personal acts of ‘with-ness’ rather than giving any stamp of authority to an official record, such poetry therefore constitutes an alternative archive. This, however, must be one that mirrors the act of ‘with-nessing’, continuously adopting a self-reflective and interrogative stance.
Financialization, real estate and COVID-19 in the UK
Authors: Blakeley Grace 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the UK, financialization has transformed many areas of the economy, including the housing market. The deregulation of financial markets that took place from the 1980s onwards, combined with the privatization of social housing, has transformed UK real estate from an ordinary good, insulated to some extent from consumer and financial markets, into a valuable financial asset. The financialization of real estate has had a largely negative impact on the UK’s housing market, the wider economy and individual communities; wealth inequality, financial instability, gentrification and homelessness have all increased as the role of the financial sector in UK property has increased. The financial crisis only accelerated many of these trends as distressed real estate was bought up by investors in its wake, and as loose monetary policy pushed up house prices in the period after the crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic is only likely to exacerbate these issues; the UK is sleepwalking into a potential evictions crisis, and ongoing loose monetary policy is likely to prevent a significant and necessary correction in house prices over the long term.
Real-world management of hyperphosphataemia with sucroferric oxyhydroxide: the VELREAL multicentre study
Authors: Navarro-González Juan F , Arenas María Dolores , Henríquez-Palop Fernando , Lloret María Jesús , Molina Pablo , Ríos Moreno Francisco , Macia-Lagier María Asunción , Espinel Laura , Sánchez Emilio , Lago Mar , Crespo Antonio , Bover Jordi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The efficacy and safety of sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SO) have been reported in clinical trials. However, real-life data are scarce. This study presents data on the use, efficacy and safety of SO in real clinical practice.

Methods
We performed a retrospective multicentre study, without any influence on the prescription decisions, that included 220 patients from 11 Spanish centres. Demographic, treatment, analytical and nutritional parameters and adherence, side effects and dropout rates were collected during 6 months.

Results
SO was initiated due to inadequate control of serum phosphate (P) in 70% of participants and in 24.5% to reduce the number of tablets. Monotherapy with SO increased from 44% to 74.1%, with a reduction in the average daily number of sachets/tablets from six to two. Serum P decreased by 20% (4.6 ± 1.2 versus 5.8 ± 1.3 mg/dL; P &lt; 0.001), with a significant reduction in intact parathyroid hormone levels (P &lt; 0.01). The percentage of patients with adequate serum P control at threshold levels of 5 and 4.5 mg/dL increased by 45.4% and 35.9%, respectively. Serum ferritin was not modified, while the transferrin saturation index increased significantly (P = 0.04). Serum albumin and normalized protein catabolic rate, when normalized by serum P, increased, averaging 37% and 39%, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Adherent patients increased from 28.2% to 52.7%. Adverse effects were reported by 14.1% of participants, with abandonment of treatment in 9.5%.

Conclusions
The use of SO in real-life results in better control of serum P, a reduction in the number of tablets and an improvement in therapeutic adherence. In addition, it may be beneficial with regards to secondary hyperparathyroidism and nutritional status.
Biology of Mushroom Phorid Flies,Megaselia halterata(Diptera: Phoridae): Effects of Temperature, Humidity, Crowding, and Compost Stage
Authors: Shikano Ikkei , Woolcott Jason , Cloonan Kevin , Andreadis Stefanos , Jenkins Nina E 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe mushroom phorid fly, Megaselia halterata (Wood), is a common pest of mushroom production in many parts of the world. Due to the reduced availability of conventional insecticides for mushroom production, M. halterata has recently developed into a major pest in the top mushroom-producing county in the United States (Chester County, PA). Mushrooms are grown entirely indoors, and though larval development of M. halterata occurs in the mushroom-growing substrate, adult flies have been captured both inside and outside of the facilities. Here, we investigated three factors that might contribute to their growth and development. 1) The effects of ambient temperature (15–30°C) and relative humidity (RH; 21–98%) on adult M. halterata lifespan, 2) the effect of spawned compost stage (freshly inoculated with spawn vs 14-d spawned compost) on reproductive output, and 3) the effect of population density on reproductive output. The longevity of adult M. halterata increased under cooler temperatures and more humid conditions (&gt;75% RH), which reflect the conditions inside mushroom-growing facilities. Similar numbers of flies emerged from freshly inoculated and 14-d spawned compost, but flies emerged earlier from 14-d spawned compost. The higher the parental fly density, the more offspring emerged from spawned compost, but the positive relationship reached a plateau beyond 40 parental mating pairs per 100 g of compost. Our findings highlight relevant abiotic and biotic factors that may contribute to M. halterata population dynamics.
Temperature and Humidity Interact to Influence Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Survival
Authors: Fisher Joanna J , Rijal Jhalendra P , Zalom Frank G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
High-temperature events can influence insect population dynamics and could be especially important for predicting the potential spread and establishment of invasive insects. The interaction between temperature and environmental humidity on insect populations is not well understood but can be a key factor that determines habitat range and population size. The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is an invasive agricultural pest in the United States and Europe, which causes serious economic damage to a wide range of crops. This insect’s range continues to expand. It has recently invaded the Central Valley of California, which has a hotter and drier climate compared with the Eastern United States where this insect is established. We investigated how high-temperature events and relative humidity would impact the survival and reproduction of H. halys. Using incubators and humidity chambers, we evaluated the impact of humidity and short-term (2 d) high-temperature exposure on the survival and development of H. halys eggs, nymphs, and adults. We found that high temperatures significantly reduced H. halys survival. The impact of humidity on H. halys survival was dependent on temperature and life stage. Low humidity decreased first-instar survival but not third- to fourth-instar survival. High humidity increased first instar survival but decreased third- to fourth-instar survival. Humidity did not influence adult or egg survival. We also found that high temperatures decreased H. halys reproduction. Our findings have important implications for understanding the invasive ecology of H. halys and may be used to improve models predicting H. halys range expansion.
Clinical outcomes of a fenestrated frozen elephant trunk technique for acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Okamura Homare , Kitada Yuichiro , Miyagawa Atsushi , Arakawa Mamoru , Adachi Hideo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We investigated the outcomes of a fenestrated frozen elephant trunk (FET) technique performed without reconstruction of one or more supra-aortic vessels for aortic repair in patients with acute type A aortic dissection.

METHODS
We investigated 22 patients who underwent the fenestrated FET technique for acute type A aortic dissection at our hospital between December 2017 and April 2020. The most common symptom was chest pain and/or back pain. Nine patients presented with malperfusion and 1 with cardiac arrest, preoperatively. A FET was deployed under hypothermic circulatory arrest and manually fenestrated under direct vision. Single fenestration was made in the FET in 15 patients, 2 fenestrations in 5 patients and a total fenestrated technique in 2 patients. Concomitant procedures were performed in 5 patients.

RESULTS
The cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamp and hypothermic circulatory arrest times were 181 ± 49, 106 ± 43 and 37 ± 7 min, respectively. In-hospital mortality, stroke, or recurrent nerve injury did not occur in any patient. One patient developed paraparesis, which completely recovered at discharge. During the follow-up period (mean 18 ± 7 months), 1 patient died of heart failure. Fenestration site occlusion did not occur. Follow-up computed tomography (mean 12 ± 6 months postoperatively) revealed that the maximal aortic diameter remained unchanged at the levels of the distal end of the FET, the 10th thoracic vertebra and the coeliac artery; however, the aortic diameter was significantly reduced at the level of the pulmonary artery bifurcation.

CONCLUSIONS
The fenestrated FET technique is a simple, safe and effective procedure for selected patients with acute type A aortic dissection.
Serovar-dependent differences in Hfq-regulated phenotypes inActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Crispim Josicelli Souza , da Silva Thyara Ferreira , Sanches Newton Moreno , da Silva Giarlã Cunha , Pereira Monalessa Fábia , Rossi Ciro César , Li Yanwen , Terra Vanessa Sofia , Vohra Prerna , Wren Brendan W , Langford Paul R , Bossé Janine T , Bazzolli Denise Mara Soares 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe RNA chaperone Hfq regulates diverse processes in numerous bacteria. In this study, we compared phenotypes (growth rate, adherence, response to different stress conditions and virulence in Galleria mellonella) of wild-type (WT) and isogenic hfq mutants of three serovars (1, 8 and 15) of the porcine pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Similar growth in rich broth was seen for all strains except Ap1∆hfq, which showed slightly reduced growth throughout the 24 h time course, and the complemented Ap8∆hfqC mutant had a prolonged lag phase. Differences were seen between the three serovar WT strains regarding adherence, stress response and virulence in G. mellonella, and deletion of hfq affected some, but not all of these phenotypes, depending on serovar. Complementation by expression of cloned hfq from an endogenous promoter only restored some WT phenotypes, indicating that complex regulatory networks may be involved, and that levels of Hfq may be as important as presence/absence of the protein regarding its contribution to gene regulation. Our results support that Hfq is a pleiotropic global regulator in A. pleuropneumoniae, but serovar-related differences exist. These results highlight the importance of testing multiple strains/serovars within a given species when determining contributions of global regulators, such as Hfq, to expression of complex phenotypes.
Complex conductivity signatures of microbial induced calcite precipitation, field and laboratory scales
Authors: Saneiyan Sina , Ntarlagiannis Dimitrios , Colwell Frederick 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY
Soil stabilization processes aim at enhancing soil's engineering properties. Although the concept is straightforward, it involves physical and chemical changes to the subsurface that could result in local environmental changes. Compared to conventional soil stabilization methods (such as cement grouting), bio-mediated soil stabilization, such as microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP), offers the opportunity to minimize environmental impact, but the underlying processes need to be well understood for proper applications. Accurate characterization and long-term monitoring are paramount for the success of soil improvement, especially MICP treatments. Spectral induced polarization (SIP), an established geophysical method, has shown to be sensitive to MICP processes and products (e.g. calcite). In this work, we performed a two-phase study to explore SIP's suitability as a monitoring tool. Phase 1 involved a laboratory scale MICP study under controlled conditions and phase 2 a pilot field scale study. In the laboratory, MICP was induced through the introduction of ureolytic microorganisms, while in the field, indigenous soil microbes were stimulated to promote ureolysis. In both cases, traditional geochemical monitoring, along with spatiotemporally dense SIP monitoring, were performed. Over the course of the laboratory study, SIP successfully tracked the MICP progress as well as the calcite precipitation behaviour. Similarly, the SIP results of the field scale study showed to be sensitive to the subsurface changes in response to MICP. SIP offered spatiotemporally rich information on the MICP progress and process status. The similarity between observed signal trends in the laboratory and field in this study clearly proved that SIP signals from MICP in controlled laboratory environments can be successfully used to study field MICP applications despite scale and complexity differences.
Centralism, localities and leadership: the politics of the Chinese Socialist Youth League in the early 1920s*
Authors: Yi Shensi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article investigates a dramatic change in the leadership of the Chinese Socialist Youth League in early 1924, following a series of ideological and emotional rivalries between young radicals. It explores how the stepping down of Liu Renjing leader of the Youth League reflected the limits of Moscow’s policy in China, as well as the fragility of both Bolshevik iron discipline and the Leninist organizational norms applied by early Chinese communist leaders. The article further argues that the dynamic intersection between emotions and political rationales ultimately influenced how global communism was localized in China in the early 1920s.
Predicted shifts of groundfish distribution in the Eastern Bering Sea under climate change, with implications for fish populations and fisheries management
Authors: Rooper Christopher N , Ortiz Ivonne , Hermann Albert J , Laman Ned , Cheng Wei , Kearney Kelly , Aydin Kerim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Climate-related distribution shifts for marine species are, in general, amplified in northern latitudes. The objective of this study was to predict future distributions of commercially important species in the eastern Bering Sea under six climate scenarios, by incorporating predictions of future oceanographic conditions. We used species distribution modelling to determine potential distribution changes in four time periods (2013–2017, 2030–2039, 2060–2069, and 2090-2099) relative to 1982–2012 for 16 marine fish and invertebrates. Most species were predicted to have significant shifts in the centre of gravity of the predicted abundance, the area occupied, and the proportion of the predicted abundance found in the standard bottom trawl survey area. On average the shifts were modest, averaging 35.2 km (ranging from 1 to 202 km). There were significant differences in the predicted trend for distribution metrics among climate scenarios, with the most extensive changes in distribution resulting from Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 climate scenarios. The variability in distributional shifts among years and climate scenarios was high, although the magnitudes were low. This study provides a basis for understanding where fish populations might expand or contract in future years. This will provide managers’ information that can help guide appropriate actions under warming conditions.
Mutant RNA polymerase can reduce susceptibility to antibiotics via ppGpp-independent induction of a stringent-like response
Authors: Brandis Gerrit , Granström Susanna , Leber Anna T , Bartke Katrin , Garoff Linnéa , Cao Sha , Huseby Douglas L , Hughes Diarmaid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Mutations in RNA polymerase (RNAP) can reduce susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Escherichia coli, but the mechanism of transcriptional reprogramming responsible is unknown. Strains carrying ciprofloxacin-resistant (CipR) rpoB mutations have reduced growth fitness and their impact on clinical resistance development is unclear.

Objectives
To assess the potential for CipRrpoB mutations to contribute to resistance development by estimating the number of distinct alleles. To identify fitness-compensatory mutations that ameliorate the fitness costs of CipRrpoB mutations. To understand how CipRrpoB mutations reprogramme RNAP.

Methods
E. coli strains carrying five different CipRrpoB alleles were evolved with selection for improved fitness and characterized for acquired mutations, relative fitness and MICCip. The effects of dksA mutations and a ppGpp0 background on growth and susceptibility phenotypes associated with CipRrpoB alleles were determined.

Results
The number of distinct CipRrpoB mutations was estimated to be &gt;100. Mutations in RNAP genes and in dksA can compensate for the fitness cost of CipRrpoB mutations. Deletion of dksA reduced the MICCip for strains carrying CipRrpoB alleles. A ppGpp0 phenotype had no effect on drug susceptibility.

Conclusions
CipRrpoB mutations induce an ppGpp-independent stringent-like response. Approximately half of the reduction in ciprofloxacin susceptibility is caused by an increased affinity of RNAP to DksA while the other half is independent of DksA. Stringent-like response activating mutations might be the most diverse class of mutations reducing susceptibility to antibiotics.