bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of glycine betaine to alleviate the inhibitory effect of salinity on one‐stage partial nitritation/anammox process
Authors: Zuo Lushen , Yao Hong , Chen Hui , Li Huayu , Jia Fangxu , Guo Jianhua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOne‐stage partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) has been proposed as a sustainable method for removing nitrogen from various wastewater. However, the activities of ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria are often inhibited by the exposure to salinity, thereby hindering their wide application in treating industrial wastewater with high salinity. This study reports that the addition of glycine betaine (GB), which is a compatible solute, could alleviate the inhibitory effects of salinity on both AOB and anammox, thereby improving nitrogen removal performance in a one‐stage PN/A system. Short‐term tests showed that with an addition of GB higher than 1 mM, the activity of AOB and anammox under salinity of 30 g/L could be increased by at least 45% and 51%, respectively. The half‐inhibitory concentration of AOB and anammox rose with increasing GB concentration, with 1 mM GB being the optimal cost‐effective dosage. Long‐term experiments also demonstrated that 1 mM GB addition could enhance nitrogen removal performance and shorten recovery time by 42.9% under a salinity stress of 30 g/L. Collectively, GB addition was found to be a feasible and effective strategy to the counteract adverse effects of salinity on PN/A process.Practitioner points

Glycine betaine (GB) could improving performance of the PN/A process by alleviating the inhibitory effects of salinity on both AOB and anammox bacteria.

A GB concentration of 1 mM was found to be optimum in terms of effectiveness and cost.

GB addition was a feasible and effective strategy to remain stabilized in the community structure of PN/A sludge.

GB could optimize the nitrogen removal performance and shorten the recovery time of PN/A process under saline stress.
Application of the R‐functions in free vibration analysis of FGM plates and shallow shells with temperature dependent properties
Authors: Awrejcewicz Jan , Kurpa Lidiya , Shmatko Tetyana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe free vibration of plates and shallow shells with/without cutouts made of functionally graded materials (FGM) is investigated using variational FG shallow shells with temperature dependent mechanical characteristics of the constituent materials. First‐order shear deformation theory of shallow shells is employed. It is supposed that material properties vary through thickness according to a power‐law distribution of the constituent's volume fraction. They depend on both the temperature and the thickness. Temperature field is modeled by one‐dimensional heat transfer equation, since the temperature is varied only in thickness direction. Solution of this equation is determined by a polynomial power series expansion. Corresponding software was developed to implement the proposed approach. The vibration analysis was carried out for FG plates and shallow shells with cutout and various boundary conditions.
Gold and tin mineralisation in the ultramafic-hosted Cheoeum vent field, Central Indian Ridge
Authors: Choi Sun Ki , Pak Sang Joon , Kim Jonguk , Park Jung-Woo , Son Seung-Kyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Cheoeum vent field (CVF) is the first example of an inactive ultramafic-hosted seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) deposit identified in the middle part of the Central Indian Ridge. Here, we report on the detailed mineralogy and geochemistry of ultramafic-hosted sulphide sample atop a chimney, together with a few small fragments. Hydrothermal chimneys are characterised by high concentrations of Au (up to 17.8 ppm) and Sn (up to 1720 ppm). The sulphide mineralisation in the CVF shows (1) early precipitation of anhedral sphalerite and pyrite–marcasite aggregates under relatively low-temperature (< 250 °C) fluid conditions; (2) intensive deposition of subhedral pyrrhotite, isocubanite, chalcopyrite, Fe-rich sphalerite (Sp-III), and electrum from high-temperature (250–365 °C) and reduced fluids in the main mineralisation stage; and (3) a seawater alteration stage distinguished by the mineral assemblage of marcasite pseudomorphs, altered isocubanite phase, covellite, amorphous silica, and Fe-oxyhydroxides. Electrum (< 2 μm in size) is the principal form of Au mineralisation and is mainly associated with the main mineralisation stage. The consistently high fineness of electrum (801 to 909‰) is indicative of the selective saturation of Au over Ag in the fluid during high-temperature mineralisation, which differs from the Au mineralisation associated with typical basaltic-hosted hydrothermal systems on mid-ocean ridges. Tin is mainly substituted in structures of sphalerite, isocubanite, and chalcopyrite as a solid solution, and not as mineral inclusions. The continuously ascending hydrothermal fluids enable the early formed Sn-bearing sulphide to be dissolved and reprecipitated, producing significantly Sn-enriched replacement boundaries between isocubanite and Sp-III. This study suggests that Au–Sn mineralisation could be facilitated by the low redox potential of ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems such as in the CVF, which may be a common occurrence along slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges.
Seasonal and daily shifts in behavior and resource selection: how a carnivore navigates costly landscapes
Authors: Ellington E. Hance , Muntz Erich M. , Gehrt Stanley D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe dynamic environmental conditions in highly seasonal systems likely have a strong influence on how species use the landscape. Animals must balance seasonal and daily changes to landscape risk with the underlying resources provided by that landscape. One way to balance the seasonal and daily changes in the costs and benefits of a landscape is through behaviorally-explicit resource selection and temporal partitioning. Here, we test whether resource selection of coyotes (Canis latrans) in Cape Breton Highlands National Park, Nova Scotia, Canada is behaviorally-explicit and responsive to the daily and seasonal variation to presumed costs and benefits of moving on the landscape. We used GPS data and local convex hulls to estimate space use and Hidden Markov Models to estimate three types of movement behavior: encamped, foraging, and traveling. We then used integrated step-selection analysis to investigate behaviorally explicit resource selection across times of day (diurnal, crepuscular, and nocturnal) and season (snow-free and snow). We found that throughout the day and seasonally coyotes shifted foraging behavior and altered behavior and resource choices to avoid moving across what we could be a challenging landscape. These changes in behavior suggest that coyotes have a complex response to land cover, terrain, and linear corridors that are not only scale dependent but also vary by behavior, diel period, and season. By examining the resource selection across three axes (behavior, time of day, and season), we have a more nuanced understanding of how a predator balances the cost and benefits of a stochastic environment.
Estimating the monetary value of health and capability well-being applying the well-being valuation approach
Authors: Himmler Sebastian , van Exel Job , Brouwer Werner 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Quality of life measures going beyond health, like the ICECAP-A, are gaining importance in health technology assessment. The assessment of the monetary value of gains in this broader quality of life is needed to use these measurements in a cost-effectiveness framework.

Methods
We applied the well-being valuation approach to calculate a first monetary value for capability well-being in comparison to health, derived by ICECAP-A and EQ-5D-5L, respectively. Data from an online survey administered in February 2018 to a representative sample of UK citizens aged 18–65 was used (N = 1512). To overcome the endogeneity of income, we applied an instrumental variable regression. Several alternative model specifications were calculated to test the robustness of the results.

Results
The base case empirical estimate for the implied monetary value of a year in full capability well-being was £66,597. The estimate of the monetary value of a QALY, obtained from the same sample and using the same methodology amounted to £30,786, which compares well to previous estimates from the willingness to pay literature. Throughout the conducted robustness checks, the value of capability well-being was found to be between 1.7 and 2.6 times larger than the value of health.

Conclusion
While the applied approach is not without limitations, the generated insights, especially concerning the relative magnitude of valuations, may be useful for decision-makers having to decide based on economic evaluations using the ICECAP-A measure or, to a lesser extent, other (capability) well-being outcome measures.
The administration of rtPA before mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke patients is associated with a significant reduction of the retrieved clot area but it does not influence revascularization outcome
Authors: Rossi Rosanna , Fitzgerald Seán , Molina Sara , Mereuta Oana Madalina , Douglas Andrew , Pandit Abhay , Santos Andreia M. Silva , Murphy Blathnaid , Alderson Jack , Brennan Paul , Power Sarah , O’Hare Alan , Gilvarry Michael , McCarthy Ray , Psychogios Klearchos , Magoufis Georgios , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Nagy András , Vadász Ágnes , Szikora István , Jood Katarina , Redfors Petra , Nordanstig Annika , Ceder Erik , Dehlfors Niclas , Dunker Dennis , Tatlisumak Turgut , Rentzos Alexandros , Thornton John , Doyle Karen M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBoth intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) are evidence-based treatments for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in selected cases. Recanalization may occur following IVT without the necessity of further interventions or requiring a subsequent MT procedure. IVT prior to MT (bridging-therapy) may be associated with benefits or hazards. We studied the retrieved clot area and degree of recanalization in patients undergoing MT or bridging-therapy for whom it was possible to collect thrombus material. We collected mechanically extracted thrombi from 550 AIS patients from four International stroke centers. Patients were grouped according to the administration (or not) of IVT before thrombectomy and the mechanical thrombectomy approach used. We assessed the number of passes for clot removal and the mTICI (modified Treatment In Cerebral Ischemia) score to define revascularization outcome. Gross photos of each clot were taken and the clot area was measured with ImageJ software. The non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. 255 patients (46.4%) were treated with bridging-therapy while 295 (53.6%) underwent MT alone. By analysing retrieved clot area, we found that clots from patients treated with bridging-therapy were significantly smaller compared to those from patients that underwent MT alone (H1 = 10.155 p = 0.001*). There was no difference between bridging-therapy and MT alone in terms of number of passes or final mTICI score. Bridging-therapy was associated with significantly smaller retrieved clot area compared to MT alone but it did not influence revascularization outcome.
Sediment source fingerprinting: benchmarking recent outputs, remaining challenges and emerging themes
Authors: Collins Adrian L. , Blackwell Martin , Boeckx Pascal , Chivers Charlotte-Anne , Emelko Monica , Evrard Olivier , Foster Ian , Gellis Allen , Gholami Hamid , Granger Steve , Harris Paul , Horowitz Arthur J. , Laceby J. Patrick , Martinez-Carreras Nuria , Minella Jean , Mol Lisa , Nosrati Kazem , Pulley Simon , Silins Uldis , da Silva Yuri Jacques , Stone Micheal , Tiecher Tales , Upadhayay Hari Ram , Zhang Yusheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThis review of sediment source fingerprinting assesses the current state-of-the-art, remaining challenges and emerging themes. It combines inputs from international scientists either with track records in the approach or with expertise relevant to progressing the science.MethodsWeb of Science and Google Scholar were used to review published papers spanning the period 2013–2019, inclusive, to confirm publication trends in quantities of papers by study area country and the types of tracers used. The most recent (2018–2019, inclusive) papers were also benchmarked using a methodological decision-tree published in 2017.ScopeAreas requiring further research and international consensus on methodological detail are reviewed, and these comprise spatial variability in tracers and corresponding sampling implications for end-members, temporal variability in tracers and sampling implications for end-members and target sediment, tracer conservation and knowledge-based pre-selection, the physico-chemical basis for source discrimination and dissemination of fingerprinting results to stakeholders. Emerging themes are also discussed: novel tracers, concentration-dependence for biomarkers, combining sediment fingerprinting and age-dating, applications to sediment-bound pollutants, incorporation of supportive spatial information to augment discrimination and modelling, aeolian sediment source fingerprinting, integration with process-based models and development of open-access software tools for data processing.ConclusionsThe popularity of sediment source fingerprinting continues on an upward trend globally, but with this growth comes issues surrounding lack of standardisation and procedural diversity. Nonetheless, the last 2 years have also evidenced growing uptake of critical requirements for robust applications and this review is intended to signpost investigators, both old and new, towards these benchmarks and remaining research challenges for, and emerging options for different applications of, the fingerprinting approach.
Risk assessment of corroded casing based on analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Chen Sheng-Shan , Wang Han-Xiang , Jiang Hao , Liu Ya-Nan , Liu Yan-Xin , Lv Xiao-Xiao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCasing corrosion during CO2 injection or storage results in significant economic loss and increased production risks. Therefore, in this paper, a corroded casing risk assessment model based on analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is established to identify potential risks in time. First, the corrosion rate and residual strength characteristics are analyzed through corrosion tests and numerical simulations, respectively, to determine the risk factors that may lead to an accident. Then, an index system for corroded casing risk evaluation is established based on six important factors: temperature, CO2 partial pressure, flow velocity, corrosion radius, corrosion depth and wellhead pressure. Subsequently, the index weights are calculated via the analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the risk level of corroded casing is obtained via the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The corroded casing risk assessment model has been verified by a case well, which shows that the model is valuable and feasible. It provides an effective decision-making method for the risk evaluation of corroded casing in CO2 injection well, which is conductive to improve the wellbore operation efficiency.
A Novel Co-occurrence of VACTERL and Closed Neural Tube Defect
Authors: Gupta Neha , Singh Preeti 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVACTERL is a nonrandom association of congenital anomalies and is an acronym for vertebral (V) or vascular (V), anomalous, anal (A), cardiac (C), tracheoesophageal (TE) fistula, renal anomalies (R) and limb (L) abnormalities. At least 3 components are required to make a diagnosis. We present a case with 4 components of the association—single umbilical artery, anorectal malformation, unilateral renal agenesis and limb abnormalities. There was also a closed neural tube defect-lipomyelomeningocele with tethered cord. The presence of a neural tube defect with VACTERL makes this a unique case since the reported vertebral anomalies in VACTERL are non dysraphic.
Fortnite Streamers as Influencers: A Study on Gamers’ Perceptions
Authors: King Reyhaan , de la Hera Teresa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper explores how players perceive Fortnite streamers as influencers and how these internal perceptions shape their experience of the streamers’ videos and their own gameplay. Fortnite is currently the most popular multi-platform free-to-play game. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted revealing that streamers are, first, perceived as entertainers by showcasing high-level gameplay. Gamers consume this content because it is perceived as fun, relaxing, and an engaging way to learn. Streamers are, second, an inspiration to play by inspiring competition, collaboration, curiosity and commitment in gamers through their expertise in showcasing the game. Finally, gamers perceive streamers as endorsers through their videos as skins are perceived as giving social status, the battle pass is perceived to provide rewards, skin choice is highlighted in the player’s game, and new game mechanics are promoted.
Characterizing communities of hashtag usage on twitter during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic by multi-view clustering
Authors: Cruickshank Iain J. , Carley Kathleen M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has produced a flurry of online activity on social media sites. As such, analysis of social media data during the COVID-19 pandemic can produce unique insights into discussion topics and how those topics evolve over the course of the pandemic. In this study, we propose analyzing discussion topics on Twitter by clustering hashtags. In order to obtain high-quality clusters of the Twitter hashtags, we also propose a novel multi-view clustering technique that incorporates multiple different data types that can be used to describe how users interact with hashtags. The results of our multi-view clustering show that there are distinct temporal and topical trends present within COVID-19 twitter discussion. In particular, we find that some topical clusters of hashtags shift over the course of the pandemic, while others are persistent throughout, and that there are distinct temporal trends in hashtag usage. This study is the first to use multi-view clustering to analyze hashtags and the first analysis of the greater trends of discussion occurring online during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Discussion of ‘Detecting possibly frequent change-points: Wild Binary Segmentation 2 and steepest-drop model selection’
Authors: Cho Haeran , Kirch Claudia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe congratulate the author for this interesting paper which introduces a novel method for the data segmentation problem that works well in a classical change point setting as well as in a frequent jump situation. Most notably, the paper introduces a new model selection step based on finding the ‘steepest drop to low levels’ (SDLL). Since the new model selection requires a complete (or at least relatively deep) solution path ordering the change point candidates according to some measure of importance, a new recursive variant of the Wild Binary Segmentation (Fryzlewicz in Ann Stat 42:2243–2281, 2014, WBS) named WBS2, has been proposed for candidate generation.
Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in infants in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Cho Hye-Kyung , Yang Joshua N. , Cunningham Scott A. , Greenwood-Quaintance Kerryl E. , Dalton Mary L. , Collura Christopher A. , Fang Jennifer L. , Heinrich Angela L. , Huskins W. Charles , Patel Robin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To investigate the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using whole-genome sequencing.Design:Investigation of MSSA epidemiology in a NICU.Setting:Single-center, level IV NICU.Methods:Universal S. aureus screening was done using a single swab obtained from the anterior nares, axilla, and groin area of infants in the NICU on a weekly basis. Core genome multilocus sequence type (cgMLST) analysis was performed on MSSA isolates detected over 1 year (2018–2019).Results:In total, 68 MSSA-colonized infants were identified, and cgMLSTs of 67 MSSA isolates were analyzed. Overall, we identified 11 cgMLST isolate groups comprising 39 isolates (58%), with group sizes ranging from 2 to 10 isolates, and 28 isolates (42%) were unrelated to each other or any of the isolate groups. Cases of infants colonized by MSSA were scattered throughout the 1-year study period, and isolates belonging to the same cgMLST group were typically detected contemporaneously, over a few weeks or a few months. Overall, 13 infants (19.7%) developed MSSA infections: bacteremia (n = 3), wound infection (n = 5), conjunctivitis (n = 4), and cellulitis (n = 1). We detected no association between these clinically manifest infections and specific cgMLST groups.Conclusions:Although MSSA isolates in infants in a NICU showed high diversity, most were related to other isolates, albeit within small groups. cgMLST facilitates an understanding of the complex transmission dynamics of MSSA in NICUs, and these data can be used to inform better control strategies.
Trends in antibiotics use among long-term US nursing-home residents
Authors: Cohen Catherine C. , Dick Andrew W. , Agarwal Mansi , Gracner Tadeja , Mitchell Susan , Stone Patricia W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectives:Antibiotics are overly prescribed in nursing homes. Recent antibiotic stewardship efforts attempt to reduce inappropriate use. Our objective was to describe antibiotic use from 2012 to 2016 among nursing-home residents with various health conditions.Design:Retrospective, repeated cross-sectional analysis.Setting and participants:All long-term residents in a random 10% sample of national nursing homes: 2,092,809 assessments from 319,615 nursing-home residents in 1,562 nursing homes.Measurements:We calculated a 1-day antibiotic prevalence using all annual and quarterly clinical assessments in the Minimum Data Set (MDS) from April 2012 through December 2016. We calculated prevalence of antibiotic use overall and within conditions of interest: Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), advanced cognitive impairment (ACI), and infections likely to be treated with antibiotics. We applied logistic regressions with nursing-home cluster, robust standard errors to assess changes in conditions and antibiotic use 2012–2016.Results:Overall, antibiotic use did not change (2012 vs 2016, adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97–1.03). Antibiotic use was higher in 2016 versus 2012 among assessments with any infection (AOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04–1.16), urinary tract infection (AOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12–1.25), and no infection (AOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.09–1.17). Results were similar by cognitive status.Conclusions:The increased proportion of assessments recording antibiotics but no infection may not be clinically appropriate. Higher antibiotic use among infected residents with advanced cognitive impairment is also concerning. Further efforts to understand mechanisms driving these trends and to promote antibiotic stewardship in nursing homes are warranted.