bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Following Intravitreal Bevacizumab With Laser Versus Laser Photocoagulation Alone for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Ahmed Kamran , Ali Anam S. , Delwadia Neil , Greven Margaret A. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To assess neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants with treatment-warranted retinopathy of prematurity (TW-ROP) treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) plus diode laser photocoagulation (DLP) compared to DLP alone.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective review was performed of infants who underwent treatment for TW-ROP with IVB+DLP or DLP alone from 2010 to 2017. Baseline characteristics and coexisting medical comorbidities were recorded. The presence of neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) at 2-year follow-up and composite Bayley-III scores were recorded.

RESULTS:
Sixty-six infants were included in the study; 18 received IVB+DLP, and 48 received DLP alone. Average Bayley-III scores for cognition, language, and motor, as well as rates of documental NDD, did not differ between the groups.

CONCLUSION:
This study does not demonstrate an increased risk of NDD in infants with TW-ROP treated with IVB+DLP compared with DLP alone.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:220–224.]
Conventional Microscope-Integrated Intraoperative OCT Versus Digitally Enabled Intraoperative OCT in Vitreoretinal Surgery in the DISCOVER Study
Authors: Figueiredo Natalia , Talcott Katherine E. , Srivastava Sunil K. , Hu Ming , Rachitskaya Aleksandra , Sharma Sumit , Singh Rishi P. , Yuan Alex , Reese Jamie L. , Ehlers Justis P. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare conventional microscope-integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) and digitally enabled microscope-integrated iOCT in vitreoretinal surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In this post-hoc analysis of the DISCOVER prospective iOCT study, two surgical groups were compared: (1) conventional iOCT and (2) digitally enabled iOCT. Surgeon questionnaires were collected immediately following surgery.

RESULTS:

A total of 187 subjects were included in the study: 91 in the conventional iOCT group and 96 in the digitally enabled iOCT group. There were no differences in surgeon-perceived iOCT utility between the two groups. There was significantly higher surgical field-based visualization of the iOCT datastream in the digitally enabled iOCT group (67.7% vs. 3.3%;
P
< .0001). Reported significant back discomfort (1.0% vs. 18.7%;
P
< .0001) and headaches (5.2% vs. 20.9%;
P
< .002) were lower in the digitally enabled iOCT group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Feasibility and utility of iOCT were similar in both groups. Digitally enabled iOCT datastream enabled increased attention on the surgical field during OCT review.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:S37–S43.]
ARTICULAÇÕES ENTRE A ATUAÇÃO DO PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA E O TRABALHO DE SEUS BENEFICIÁRIOS
Authors: Vasconcelos Marllon Emanoel Souza Medeiros de , Moreira Esteves Bernardi Mônica , Coutinho Paschoal Dourado Débora 
Published: April 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a articulação da atuação do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) com aspectos relacionados ao trabalho. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa in loco em Caruaru-PE. No referencial teórico é apresentada uma caracterização do PBF e uma análise de alguns dos principais estudos sobre o PBF. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, tendo como principais fontes de dados entrevistas não-estruturadas, observação não participante e análise documental. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram a importância dos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS) na atuação do PBF, pois estes representam uma porta de acesso à uma perspectiva mais ampla da Assistência Social. A pesquisa também sugere que a articulação entre o PBF e os programas complementares tem sido insuficiente, destacando a necessidade de melhores articulações, bem como da ampliação e criação de novos espaços de inclusão.
IL-1R Regulates Disease Tolerance and Cachexia in Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Authors: Melchor Stephanie J. , Saunders Claire M. , Sanders Imani , Hatter Jessica A. , Byrnes Kari A. , Coutermarsh-Ott Sheryl , Ewald Sarah E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that establishes life-long infection in a wide range of hosts, including humans and rodents. To establish a chronic infection, pathogens often exploit the trade-off between resistance mechanisms, which promote inflammation and kill microbes, and tolerance mechanisms, which mitigate inflammatory stress. Signaling through the type I IL-1R has recently been shown to control disease tolerance pathways in endotoxemia and Salmonella infection. However, the role of the IL-1 axis in T. gondii infection is unclear. In this study we show that IL-1R−/− mice can control T. gondii burden throughout infection. Compared with wild-type mice, IL-1R−/− mice have more severe liver and adipose tissue pathology during acute infection, consistent with a role in acute disease tolerance. Surprisingly, IL-1R−/− mice had better long-term survival than wild-type mice during chronic infection. This was due to the ability of IL-1R−/− mice to recover from cachexia, an immune-metabolic disease of muscle wasting that impairs fitness of wild-type mice. Together, our data indicate a role for IL-1R as a regulator of host homeostasis and point to cachexia as a cost of long-term reliance on IL-1–mediated tolerance mechanisms.
Staffing, Financial, and Administrative Oversight Models and Rates of Injury in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Baugh Christine M. , Meehan William P. , McGuire Thomas G. , Hatfield Laura A. 
Published: April 2020

Context
Structural features of health care environments are associated with patient health outcomes, but these relationships are not well understood in sports medicine.

Objective
To evaluate the association between athlete injury outcomes and structural measures of health care at universities: (1) clinicians per athlete, (2) financial model of the sports medicine department, and (3) administrative reporting structure of the sports medicine department.

Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting
Collegiate sports medicine programs.

Patients or Other Participants
Colleges that contribute data to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We combined injury data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program, sports medicine staffing data from NCAA Research, athletic department characteristics from the United States Department of Education, and financial and administrative oversight model data from a previous survey. Rates of injury, reinjury, concussion, and time loss (days) in NCAA athletes.

Results
Compared with schools that had an average number of clinicians per athlete, schools 1 standard deviation above average had a 9.5% lower injury incidence (103.6 versus 93.7 per 10000 athlete-exposures [AEs]; incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.905, P &lt; .001), 2.7% lower incidence of reinjury (10.6 versus 10.3 per 10000 AEs; IRR = 0.973, P = .004), and 6.7% lower incidence of concussion (6.1 versus 5.7 per 10000 AEs; IRR = 0.933, P &lt; .001). Compared with the average, schools that had 1 standard deviation more clinicians per athlete had 16% greater injury time loss (5.0 days versus 4.2 days; IRR = 1.16, P &lt; .001). At schools with sports medicine departments financed by or reporting to the athletics department (or both), athletes had higher injury incidences (31% and 9%, respectively).

Conclusions
The financial and reporting structures of collegiate sports medicine departments as well as the number of clinicians per athlete were associated with injury risk. Increasing the number of sports medicine clinicians on staff and structuring sports medicine departments such that they are financed by and report to a medical institution may reduce athlete injury incidence.
Semistable models of elliptic curves over residue characteristic 2
Authors: Yelton Jeffrey 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGiven an elliptic curve E in Legendre form $y^2 = x(x - 1)(x - \lambda )$ over the fraction field of a Henselian ring R of mixed characteristic $(0, 2)$, we present an algorithm for determining a semistable model of E over R that depends only on the valuation of $\lambda $. We provide several examples along with an easy corollary concerning $2$-torsion.
Surgical Simulation Maximizing the Use of Fresh-Frozen Cadaveric Specimens: Examination of Tissue Integrity Using Ultrasound
Authors: Bell Courtney D. , O'Sullivan Joseph G. , Ostervoss Tamara E. , Cameron William E. , Petering Ryan C. , Brady Jacqueline M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Arthroscopic surgical simulation, including the use of cadaveric tissue, is valuable for training orthopedic surgery residents. However, it is unclear how often fresh-frozen cadaveric tissue can be reused to provide a reproducible model for developing arthroscopic skills.

Objective
We determined the usefulness of ultrasound in evaluating tissue degradation in fresh-frozen shoulder and knee joints used for surgical simulation.

Methods
Between February 7 and April 11, 2017, orthopedic residents participated in 6 wet lab sessions during 1 rotation. Knee and shoulder specimens were subjected to ultrasound using a SonoSite Edge machine and a linear probe after each freeze-and-thaw cycle. Degradation of each structure was determined based on standards created for living tissue and comparisons to previous images of the same tissue before initial use.

Results
Ultrasonographic assessment of the 2 knee and 2 shoulder specimens revealed lost integrity in subcutaneous fat and muscle with evidence of increased hypoechoicity and loss of normal fiber orientation and density in all specimens examined. Tendons, ligaments, cartilage, iliotibial band, and bone did not lose integrity during freezing and thawing. Ultrasonographic assessment revealed no loss of joint structure integrity. However, the intra-articular work assigned for the simulation curriculum had been carried out to a degree that by the third use, little opportunity remained for further arthroscopic practice on that specimen.

Conclusions
In this study, ultrasound findings showed that fresh-frozen shoulder and knee specimens maintained structural integrity useful for simulation training after 3 cycles of freezing.
The Pair Lion Motif in Shiva Temple of Medieval Bengal: Its Source and Evaluation
Authors: Islam Sk. Zohirul 
Published: April 2020

Lions, particularly male lions, have been an important symbol for thousands of years and appear as a theme in cultures across Europe, Asia, and Africa. The cultural significance of stucco pair lion motif in Shiva temples of Bengal and relates with various types of representation of the same motif found in others. The pair Lion used as stucco (Jora Shiva Temple, Muroli, Jessore district). Shiva is the braver among the all God and Goddesses in Hindu religion during the early period and still. Thus we have found many Shiva temple build in Bengal (present West Bengal(Paschimbango) and Bangladesh). This article try to analyses about how the pair lion motif is depicting of the Shiva temple and what is the relation between Shiva and lion under Mythology and Purana. Shiva is the second most important male deity of Hindu. The usual Shiva –lingam’s which were mainly worshipped in the temples and under trees or in an open space. We would have tried to decipher about Pair Lion Motif decoration of 18th – 19th century Shiva temple of Bangladesh. Those would have to help the history of evaluation of stylized art waves is coming out by its decoration motif with ritual, beliefs and faith of Bengal society. We may look at the artistic tradition of lion sculptures those are widely found from different parts of west Bengal and Bangladesh.
Effects of Storytelling on Improving EFL Students’ Critical Thinking and Reading Comprehension
Authors: Sahibzada Javed , Ahmadzai Yar Mohammad Bahrami , Niaz Azadkhan , Laftah Susan Hussein 
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to find the effects of storytelling (ST) on improving critical thinking and reading comprehension of EFL students at Kandahar University. The design of the study was quasi-experimental with critical thinking and reading comprehension pre and posttests. Total 27 Afghan EFL students were selected based on their performance on Placement test. The participants of experimental group listened to their teacher telling the story. In order to find the improvement and different between these variables is significant the Paired Sample T-Test was administrated and the result indicates that there is significant improvement in post-tests in areas of reading comprehension and critical thinking in group of storytelling. However, improvement is higher in reading comprehension section than critical thinking.
New Algorithms for L1 Norm Regression
Authors: Bidabad Bijan 
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we propose four algorithms for L1 norm computation of regression parameters, where two of them are more efficient for simple and multiple regression models. However, we start with restricted simple linear regression and corresponding derivation and computation of the weighted median problem. In this respect, a computing function is coded. With discussion on the m parameters model, we continue to expand the algorithm to include unrestricted simple linear regression, and two crude and efficient algorithms are proposed. The procedures are then generalized to the m parameters model by presenting two new algorithms, where the algorithm 4 is selected as more efficient. Various properties of these algorithms are discussed.
Economic- Juristic Analysis of Usury in Consumption and Investment Loans and Contemporary Jurisprudence Shortages in Exploring Legislator Commandments
Authors: Bidabad Bijan 
Published: April 2020

In this article, by analyzing the deduction methodology of jurisprudence commandments, we try to touch the existing shortages in its methodological aspects. By discussing on different sources of Islamic jurisprudence like the Quran, Sunna (Tradition), consensus, intellect, fame, analogy, preference, public interest considering, blocking the means, we will explicates that the divine authority (person who is allowed by the messenger or by someone whom messenger has allowed him) has been ignored in religious deduction, and thus these different ideas have emerged in Islamic commandments. In this regards, juristic decrees may be compared, which are different and even conflict solutions to a unique problem or question. These conflicts enlighten two important propositions.

The juristic deduction methodology needs revision.
Ignorance to theosophy principle of jurisprudence is the main source of conflicts.

By defining and analyzing usury and interest in an economic-juristic frame and specifically in the Quran and with respect to wisdom or theosophy principle in jurisprudence to distinguish usury and non-usury finance, we conclude:

The loaner must share in profit and loss of the economic activity of the loan receiver.
The rate of interest-because of inability to determine the capital productivity rate a priori- should not be determined and conditioned in advance.
Receiving interest in consumption loans is usury and not allowed.

Transformation of credit and deposit markets’ oscillations to the real sector is the main initiation of real sector economic fluctuations. Respect to wisdom (theosophy) principle of religious legislation, and by introducing a mathematical model, we show that usury causes economic fluctuations and by deleting usury from the economy, we conclude that real economy will be more stable.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3402329
Squandering in Ethic Economics: Consumer and Producer Behaviors Analysis
Authors: Bidabad Bijan 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This paper investigates the effects of squandering on the economic behavior of consumer and firm. Moreover, we analyze consumer work-leisure behavior from the squandering viewpoint.
Findings: Commodity squandering creates no utility for the consumer. Just the "(real) consumption (usage)" satisfies the preference ordering rules of consumer behavior and the "squandered" commodities do not satisfy these rules. Definitionally, consumption is equal to "real usage" plus "squandered" commodities. Thence, the consumer will lose some parts of her utility because of squandering (because of lost resources). The amount of lost income resources due to squandering should be recompensated by more works to preserve the consumer's welfare constant. Squandering effects in total productivity, non-optimal allocation of production factors, product wastage, and product decay are analyzed as less productivity and less supply of products due to squandering. According to this analysis, theoretically, it can be concluded that squandering will decrease the leisure and its corresponding utility of human being.
Social implications: If the ethic economics' doctrine affects the consumption pattern, this process will moderate consumption. Otherwise, the society will move toward exploiting all of her capital to: "just produce-just consume". The latter will be intensified by knowledge-based economic progress.
JEL: D11, D21, Z12, D19, D24
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3402339
Effect of conversion from azathioprine to mycophenolate mofetil on renal function in stable kidney transplant recipients
Authors: USTA Mehmet , ERSOY Alparslan , AYAR Yavuz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract Aim: This study investigated the effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MPA) treatment instead of azathioprine (AZA) on renal function after kidney transplantation. Methods: Thirteen of all recipients were taking a cyclosporine-based regimen and serum creatinine levels were above 1.5 mg/dL. In 13 patients, MPA treatment was started instead of AZA. Renal functions were evaluated for 12 months after MPA treatment. Results: Serum creatinine levels increased from 2.11±0.48 mg/dL to 2.16±0.72 mg/dL at 12th months. This increase was not statistically significant. Serum creatinine levels decreased in 5 of 13 patients. Conclusion: In selected patients, conversion from AZA to MPA may slow down the rate of deterioration in graft functions.
Plâtre de Paris. Las maquetas de Le Corbusier y Charles Lasnon (1922-1938). Diálogos sobre la materia y la forma
Authors: De la Cova Morillo-Velarde M.A. 
Published: April 2020

El atelier Le Corbusier-Jeanneret encargó a Charles-Augustin Lasnon-Dussaussay las maquetas de yeso de los proyectos de villas presentados en los Salones de Otoño de 1922 y 1923, así como las de sus propuestas para las ciudades de Argel y Nemours realizadas durante los años treinta. Estas maquetas son las primeras expresiones en tres dimensiones del pensamiento arquitectónico de Le Corbusier: realizadas para ser fotografiadas, publicadas y expuestas, son también una primera aproximación a la construcción de la forma, en las que la materia y el color juegan un papel predominante. Perteneciente a una saga parisina de mouleurs o artesanos del yeso, Charles Lasnon añade a la tradición artesanal un conocimiento avanzado en estereofotogrametría militar, que aplicó a la realización de las carte-reliefs como colaborador habitual del Service Geographique de la Armée. Durante toda su trayectoria, los vínculos de Le Corbusier con ciertos artesanos para llevar a cabo su obra es una característica de su producción artística, conjugando con ellos tradición e innovación. En este caso, el resultado son las pequeñas arquitecturas de sus maquetas que, más allá de su condición representativa, son diálogos mediante juegos de escala sobre la materia y la forma.
Performance in a novel environment subject to ghost competition
Authors: Bisschop Karen , Mortier Frederik , Bonte Dries , Etienne Rampal S. 
Published: April 2020

Background
A central tenet of the evolutionary theory of communities is that competition impacts evolutionary processes such as local adaptation. Species in a community exert a selection pressure on other species and may drive them to extinction. We know, however, very little about the influence of unsuccessful or ghost species on the evolutionary dynamics within the community.

Methods
Here we report the long-term influence of a ghost competitor on the performance of a more successful species using experimental evolution. We transferred the spider mite Tetranychus urticae onto a novel host plant under initial presence or absence of a competing species, the congeneric mite T. ludeni.

Results
The competitor species, T. ludeni, unintentionally went extinct soon after the start of the experiment, but we nevertheless completed the experiment and found that the early competitive pressure of this ghost competitor positively affected the performance (i.e., fecundity) of the surviving species, T. urticae. This effect on T. urticae lasted for at least 25 generations.

Discussion
Our study suggests that early experienced selection pressures can exert a persistent evolutionary signal on species’ performance in novel environments.
School self-efficacy is affected by gender and motor skills: findings from an Italian study
Authors: Codella Roberto , Puci Mariangela Valentina , Vandoni Matteo , Correale Luca , Galvani Christel , Togni Fabio , Casolo Francesco , Passi Alberto , Orizio Claudio , Alberti Giampietro , Esposito Fabio , Montomoli Cristina , La Torre Antonio 
Published: April 2020

Background
Perceived school self-efficacy (SE) is an important variable in students’ activities as it affects their motivation and learning. Further, self-efficacy might represent a good predictor of performance, persistence and perseverance. Motor skills and other physical health determinants are extensively debated and linked to cognitive function in children of developmental age. However, inconclusive evidence supports a definitive relationship between perceived school SE and motor skills among schoolchildren. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 6–11-year-old schoolchildren to evaluate the extent by which perceived school SE and physical health determinants were related.

Methods
A SE questionnaire and motor performance battery tests were administered to primary school pupils recruited from 154 sampled schools of northwest Italy. Perceived SE at school was assessed via 12 items from the Caprara’s questionnaire. Motor performance scores were obtained from motor skill tests: 4 × 10 m shuttle run test, SRT; standing broad jump, SBJ; six-minute walking test, 6MWT.

Results
A total of 3,962 children (M = 2,019; F = 1943) were studied and 68% were normal weight. Overall, a 58% of the sample perceived a high SE, while, as to gender differences, a greater percentage of females perceived high levels of school SE with respect to any other level (χ2 = 38.93, p < 0.0001). Results from multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that: (i) females perceived higher SE compared to males; (ii) children who performed better in SRT and 6MWT showed higher levels of perceived school SE; (iii) no significant effect was registered for the body weight. Alternative strategies are encouraged to enhance SE through physical education: structured interventions might enhance both complex motor skills and high-order cognitive skills, like SE, in young children.