bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular bundle sheath and mesophyll cells modulate leaf water balance in response to chitin
Authors: Attia Ziv , Dalal Ahan , Moshelion Menachem 
Published: November 2019

SummaryPlants can detect pathogen invasion by sensing microbe‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). This sensing process leads to the induction of defense responses. Numerous MAMP mechanisms of action have been described in and outside the guard cells. Here, we describe the effects of chitin, a MAMP found in fungal cell walls and insects, on the cellular osmotic water permeability (Pf) of the leaf vascular bundle‐sheath (BS) and mesophyll cells (MCs), and its subsequent effect on leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf). BS is a parenchymatic tissue that tightly encases the vascular system. BS cells (BSCs) have been shown to influence Kleaf through changes in their Pf, for example, after sensing the abiotic stress response‐regulating hormone abscisic acid. It was recently reported that, in Arabidopsis, the chitin receptors‐like kinases, chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (CERK1) and LYSINE MOTIF RECEPTOR KINASE 5 (LYK5) are highly expressed in the BS as well as the neighboring mesophyll. Therefore, we studied the possible impact of chitin on these cells. Our results revealed that BSCs and MCs exhibit a sharp decrease in Pf in response to chitin treatment. In addition, xylem‐fed chitin decreased Kleaf and led to stomatal closure. However, Atlyk5 mutant showed none of these responses. Complementing AtLYK5 in the BSCs (using the SCARECROW promoter) resulted in the response to chitin that was similar to that observed in the wild‐type. These results suggest that BS play a role in the perception of apoplastic chitin and in initiating chitin‐triggered immunity.
CD71 surface analysis of T cells: a simple alternative for extracorporeal photopheresis quality control
Authors: Schwab Laura , Michel Gabriela , Bein Gregor , Hackstein Holger 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a leukapheresis‐based cellular therapy that is used with increasing frequency worldwide to treat various T‐cell‐mediated diseases. Currently, the inhibition of T‐cell proliferation after photopheresis is analysed frequently using time‐consuming assays including radioactive thymidine assays or carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) staining. We investigated whether simple surface T‐cell staining using surrogate markers of T‐cell proliferation can replace time‐consuming measurement of T‐cell proliferation in ECP quality control.Study design and methodsT‐cell activation markers were investigated by flow cytometry after ECP. Candidates were validated by direct comparison with the classical CFSE T‐cell proliferation inhibition test and apoptosis staining. Finally, surface T‐cell staining was performed in patient samples in comparison with classical methods.ResultsCD71 expression exhibited the fastest and most robust upregulation, which was detectable as early as 6–8 h after T‐cell stimulation and almost completely abrogated by ECP. In a direct comparison with the CFSE T‐cell proliferation assay, suppression of CD71 expression after ECP was almost identical and detectable as early as 16 h after stimulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors. Furthermore, in direct comparison with classical apoptosis staining, the inhibition delta of CD71 after ECP was significantly higher. Moreover, in patients under T‐cell suppressive therapy, T‐cell‐dependent CFSE and CD71 assays exhibited decreased sensitivity to detect ECP treatment and were inferior in comparison to apoptosis staining.ConclusionSurface CD71 analysis represents a very simple quality control alternative to detect ECP‐mediated T‐cell proliferation inhibition in normal PBMC samples devoid of T‐cell suppressive drugs.
Excitation, but not inhibition, of the fastigial nucleus provides powerful control over temporal lobe seizures
Authors: Streng Martha L. , Krook‐Magnuson Esther 
Published: November 2019

Key points
On‐demand optogenetic inhibition of glutamatergic neurons in the fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum does not alter hippocampal seizures in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
In contrast, on‐demand optogenetic excitation of glutamatergic neurons in the fastigial nucleus successfully inhibits hippocampal seizures. With this approach, even a single 50 ms pulse of light is able to significantly inhibit seizures.
On‐demand optogenetic excitation of glutamatergic fastigial neurons either ipsilateral or contralateral to the seizure focus is able to inhibit seizures.
Selective excitation of glutamatergic nuclear neurons provides greater seizure inhibition than broadly exciting nuclear neurons without cell‐type specificity.
AbstractTemporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of epilepsy in adults, but current treatment options provide limited efficacy, leaving as many as one‐third of patients with uncontrolled seizures. Recently, attention has shifted towards more closed‐loop therapies for seizure control, and on‐demand optogenetic modulation of the cerebellar cortex was shown to be highly effective at attenuating hippocampal seizures. Intriguingly, both optogenetic excitation and inhibition of cerebellar cortical output neurons, Purkinje cells, attenuated seizures. The mechanisms by which the cerebellum impacts seizures, however, are unknown. In the present study, we targeted the immediate downstream projection of vermal Purkinje cells – the fastigial nucleus – in order to determine whether increases and/or decreases in fastigial output can underlie seizure cessation. Though Purkinje cell input to fastigial neurons is inhibitory, direct optogenetic inhibition of the fastigial nucleus had no effect on seizure duration. Conversely, however, fastigial excitation robustly attenuated hippocampal seizures. Seizure cessation was achieved at multiple stimulation frequencies, regardless of laterality relative to seizure focus, and even with single light pulses. Seizure inhibition was greater when selectively targeting glutamatergic fastigial neurons than when an approach that lacked cell‐type specificity was used. Together, these results suggest that stimulating excitatory neurons in the fastigial nucleus may be a promising approach for therapeutic intervention in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Toward Wideband Piezoelectric Harvesters Through Self-Powered Transitions to High-Energy Response
Authors: Pasharavesh Abdolreza , Ahmadian M. T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Convergence to low-energy responses arising from coexistence of multiple stable nodes is the main drawback of a nonlinear energy harvester preventing it from efficient wideband operation. A switching circuit with a boost-like topology has been proposed in this paper to overcome this substantial challenge. The circuit uses the energy harvested by the device to trigger it to jump from the low- to high-energy response. The performance of the proposed harvesting system when subjected to single harmonic excitations covering a wide range of frequencies is verified through both analytical and numerical investigations. Results indicate that by proper selection of timing parameters of the circuit including ON-time period of the switches together with the phase differences between the switching signals and the mechanical excitation, the applied electrical perturbation will be able to trigger the nonlinear resonating beam to jump from a low-energy response to the basin of attraction of the high-energy one within the whole frequency band in which a multivalued solution exists. Also, a probabilistic study is performed on a system with random phases of switching signals which shows that a successful switching from low- to high-energy response is achievable with a probability more than 80% by just controlling the ON-time period of the switch within the proper ranges with respect to the excitation frequency.
The Influence of Additively Manufactured Nonlinearities on the Dynamic Response of Assembled Structures
Authors: Shu Hang , Smith Scott A. , Brake Matthew R. W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStructural dynamic techniques have been proven accurate at predicting the vibrations of single parts (i.e., monolithic specimens), which are widely used in industrial applications. However, vibration analysis of such assemblies often exhibits high variability or nonrepeatability due to jointed interfaces. Inspired by advances in additive manufacturing (AM) and nonlinear vibration absorber theory, this research seeks to redesign jointed structures in an attempt to reduce the nonlinear effects introduced by the jointed interfaces. First, the nonlinear dynamics of a conventionally manufactured beam and an AM beam are measured in both a traditional (flat) lap joint assembly and also a “linearized” lap joint configuration (termed the small pad). Second, the internal structure of the AM beam is varied by printing specimens with internal vibration absorbers. With the two interface geometries studied in this experiment, the flat interface is found to be predominantly nonlinear, and introducing a vibration absorber fails to reduce the nonlinearities from the jointed interface. The small-pad responses are relatively linear in the range of excitation used in the analysis, and the nonlinear effects are further reduced with the presence of a center vibration absorber. Overall, the energy dissipation at the interface is highly dependent on the design of the contact interface and the internal vibration absorber. Adding a nonlinear vibration absorber alone is insufficient to negate the interfacial nonlinearity from the assembly; therefore, future work is needed to study the shape, location, and material for the design and fabrication of nonlinear vibration absorbers.
The timing and compositional evolution of volcanism within northern Harrat Rahat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Stelten Mark E. , Downs Drew T. , Champion Duane E. , Dietterich Hannah R. , Calvert Andrew T. , Sisson Thomas W. , Mahood Gail A. , Zahran Hani 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHarrat Rahat, one of several large, basalt-dominated volcanic fields in western Saudi Arabia, is a prime example of continental, intraplate volcanism. Excellent exposure makes this an outstanding site to investigate changing volcanic flux and composition through time. We present 93 40Ar/39Ar ages and six 36Cl surface-exposure ages for volcanic deposits throughout northern Harrat Rahat that, when integrated with a new geologic map, define 12 eruptive stages. Exposed volcanic deposits in the study area erupted &lt;1.2 Ma, and 214 of 234 eruptions occurred &lt;570 ka. Two eruptions occurred in the Holocene, including a historically described basalt eruption in 1256 C.E. and a trachyte eruption newly recognized as Holocene (4.2 ± 5.2 ka). An estimated ∼82 km3 (dense rock equivalent) of volcanic product have erupted since 1.2 Ma, though this is a lower limit due to concealment of deposits &gt;570 ka. Over the past 570 k.y., the average eruption rate was 0.14 km3/k.y., but volcanism was episodic with periods alternating between low (0.04–0.06 km3/k.y.) and high (0.1–0.3 km3/k.y.) effusion rates. Before 180 ka, eruptions vented from the volcanic field’s dominant eastern vent axis and from a subsidiary, diffuse, western vent axis. After 180 ka, volcanism focused along the eastern vent axis, and the composition of volcanism varied systematically along its length from basalt dominated in the north to trachyte dominated in the south. We hypothesize that these compositional variations &lt;180 ka reflect the growth of a mafic intrusive complex beneath the southern portion of the vent axis, which led to the development of evolved magmas.
Delivering genome sequencing in clinical practice: an interview study with healthcare professionals involved in the 100 000 Genomes Project
Authors: Sanderson Saskia C , Hill Melissa , Patch Christine , Searle Beverly , Lewis Celine , Chitty Lyn S 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesGenome sequencing is poised to be incorporated into clinical care for diagnoses of rare diseases and some cancers in many parts of the world. Healthcare professionals are key stakeholders in the clinical delivery of genome sequencing-based services. Our aim was to explore views of healthcare professionals with experience of offering genome sequencing via the 100 000 Genomes Project.DesignInterview study using thematic analysis.SettingFour National Health Service hospitals in London.ParticipantsTwenty-three healthcare professionals (five genetic clinicians and eight non-genetic clinicians (all consultants), and 10 ‘consenters’ from a range of backgrounds) involved in identifying or consenting patients for the 100 000 Genomes Project.ResultsMost participants expressed positive attitudes towards genome sequencing in terms of improved ability to diagnose rare diseases, but many also expressed concerns, with some believing its superiority over exome sequencing had not yet been demonstrated, or worrying that non-genetic clinicians are inadequately prepared to discuss genome sequencing results with patients. Several emphasised additional evidence about utility of genome sequencing in terms of both main and secondary findings is needed. Most felt non-genetic clinicians could support patients during consent, as long as they have appropriate training and support from genetic teams. Many stated genetics experts will play a vital role in training and supporting non-genetic clinicians in variant interpretation and results delivery, particularly for more complex cases.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals responsible for delivering clinical genome sequencing have largely positive views about the potential for genome sequencing to improve diagnostic yield, but also significant concerns about practical aspects of offering these tests. Non-genetic clinicians delivering genome sequencing require guidance and support. Additional empirical evidence is needed to inform policy and practice, including how genome compares to exome sequencing; utility of secondary findings; training, in particular of non-genetic health professionals; and mechanisms whereby genetics teams can offer appropriate support to their non-genetics colleagues.
Women’s satisfaction with midwife-led continuity of care: an observational study in Palestine
Authors: Mortensen Berit , Diep Lien M , Lukasse Mirjam , Lieng Marit , Dwekat Ibtesam , Elias Dalia , Fosse Erik 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesA midwife-led continuity model of care had been implemented in the Palestinian governmental health system to improve maternal services in several rural areas. This study investigated if the model influenced women’s satisfaction with care, during antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal period.DesignAn observational case-control design was used to compare the midwife-led continuity model of care with regular maternity care.Participants and settingWomen with singleton pregnancies, who had registered for antenatal care at a rural governmental clinic in the West Bank, were between 1 to 6 months after birth invited to answer a questionnaire rating satisfaction with care in 7-point Likert scales.Primary outcomeThe mean sum-score of satisfaction with care through the continuum of antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal period, where mean sum-scores range from 1 (lowest) to 7 (highest).Secondary outcomeExclusive breastfeeding.ResultsTwo hundred women answered the questionnaire, 100 who received the midwife-led model and 100 who received regular care. The median time point of interview were 16 weeks postpartum in both groups. The midwife-led model was associated with a statistically significant higher satisfaction with care during antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal period, with a mean sum-score of 5.2 versus 4.8 in the group receiving regular care. The adjusted mean difference between the groups’ sum-score of satisfaction with care was 0.6 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.85), p<0.0001. A statistically significant higher proportion of women who received the midwife-led continuity model of care were still exclusively breastfeeding at the time point of interview, 67% versus 46% in the group receiving regular care, an adjusted OR of 2.56 (1.35 to 4.88) p=0.004.ConclusionsThere is an association between receiving midwife-led continuity of care and increased satisfaction with care through the continuum of pregnancy, intrapartum and postpartum period, and an increased duration of exclusive breastfeeding.Trial registration numberNCT03863600
What is clinician presence? A qualitative interview study comparing physician and non-physician insights about practices of human connection
Authors: Brown-Johnson Cati , Schwartz Rachel , Maitra Amrapali , Haverfield Marie C , Tierney Aaron , Shaw Jonathan G , Zionts Dani L , Safaeinili Nadia , Thadaney Israni Sonoo , Verghese Abraham , Zulman Donna M 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveWe sought to investigate the concept and practices of ‘clinician presence’, exploring how physicians and professionals create connection, engage in interpersonal interaction, and build trust with individuals across different circumstances and contexts.DesignIn 2017–2018, we conducted qualitative semistructured interviews with 10 physicians and 30 non-medical professionals from the fields of protective services, business, management, education, art/design/entertainment, social services, and legal/personal services.SettingPhysicians were recruited from primary care clinics in an academic medical centre, a Veterans Affairs clinic, and a federally qualified health centre.ParticipantsParticipants were 55% men and 45% women; 40% were non-white.ResultsQualitative analyses yielded a definition of presence asa purposeful practice of awareness, focus, and attention with the intent to understand and connect with individuals/patients. For both medical and non-medical professionals, creating presence requires managing and considering time and environmental factors; for physicians in particular, this includes managing and integrating technology. Listening was described as central to creating the state of being present. Within a clinic, presence might manifest as a physician listening without interrupting, focusing intentionally on the patient, taking brief re-centering breaks throughout a clinic day, and informing patients when attention must be redirected to administrative or technological demands.ConclusionsClinician presence involves learning to step back, pause, and be prepared to receive a patient’s story. Building on strategies from physicians and non-medical professionals, clinician presence is best enacted through purposeful intention to connect, conscious navigation of time, and proactive management of technology and the environment to focus attention on the patient. Everyday practice or ritual supporting these strategies could support physician self-care as well as physician-patient connection.
Structural brain changes in hyperthyroid Graves’ disease: protocol for an ongoing longitudinal, case-controlled study in Göteborg, Sweden—the CogThy project
Authors: Holmberg Mats Olof , Malmgren Helge , Berglund Peter , Bunketorp-Käll Lina , Heckemann Rolf A , Johansson Birgitta , Klasson Niklas , Olsson Erik , Skau Simon , Nystrom Filipsson Helena 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionCognitive impairment and reduced well-being are common manifestations of Graves’ disease (GD). These symptoms are not only prevalent during the active phase of the disease but also often prevail for a long time after hyperthyroidism is considered cured. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in these brain-derived symptoms are currently unknown. The overall aim of the CogThy study is to identify the mechanism behind cognitive impairment to be able to recognise GD patients at risk.Methods and analysisThe study is a longitudinal, single-centre, case-controlled study conducted in Göteborg, Sweden on premenopausal women with newly diagnosed GD. The subjects are examined: at referral, at inclusion and then every 3.25 months until 15 months. Examinations include: laboratory measurements; eye evaluation; neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological testing; structural MRI of the whole brain, orbits and medial temporal lobe structures; functional near-infrared spectroscopy of the cerebral prefrontal cortex and self-assessed quality of life questionnaires. The primary outcome measure is the change in medial temporal lobe structure volume. Secondary outcome measures include neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, hormonal and autoantibody variables. The study opened for inclusion in September 2012 and close for inclusion in October 2019. It will provide novel information on the effect of GD on medial temporal lobe structures and cerebral cortex functionality as well as whether these changes are associated with cognitive and affective impairment, hormonal levels and/or autoantibody levels. It should lead to a broader understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and future treatment perspectives.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been reviewed and approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Göteborg, Sweden. The results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national and international conference presentations and among patient organisations after an appropriate embargo time.Trial registration number44321 at the public project database for research and development in Västra Götaland County, Sweden (https://www.researchweb.org/is/vgr/project/44321).
Effect of different types of exercise on health-related quality of life during and after cancer treatment: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Ubago-Guisado Esther , Gracia-Marco Luis , Cavero-Redondo Iván , Martinez-Vizcaino Vicente , Notario-Pacheco Blanca , Pozuelo-Carrascosa Diana P , Adalia Esther G , Álvarez-Bueno Celia 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionCancer (and survival) is known to affect the quality of life. Strategies as physical activity and exercise during and after cancer may improve health-related qualify of life (HRQOL) outcomes and are, therefore, of clinical and public health importance. To the best of our knowledge, comparative evidence of the effect of the different types of exercise on improving HRQOL in cancer patients has not been synthesised thus far. We aim to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis in order to synthesise all available evidence regarding the effect of different types of exercise interventions on HRQOL during and after cancer treatment.Methods and analysisMEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus will be searched from inception to December 2018 for relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs. Studies assessing physical activity and exercise interventions in cancer patients (during treatment) and survivors (after treatment) will be selected. Two independent reviewers will identify eligible studies. After quality appraisal and data extraction, we will conduct meta-analyses for outcomes of interest, including data from mental and physical dimensions of cancer-specific and/or generic HRQOL questionnaires. Risk of bias assessments will be completed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Study heterogeneity will be measured by the I2statistic. Bayesian (and traditional approach) network meta-analysis will be performed when possible to determine the comparative effect of the different physical activity or exercise interventions.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review and network meta-analysis will synthesise evidence on the effect of different types of exercise interventions on HRQOL during and after cancer treatment. The results will be disseminated by publication in a peer-reviewed journal and through scientific conferences and symposia. Ethical approval will not be required because the data used for this work will be exclusively extracted from published studies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019125028.