bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malnutrition screening and nutritional support for cancer patients. Clinical guidelines and features of their application in real practice
Authors: Gevorkov A. R. , Snegovoy A. V. 
Published: December 2024

Malnutrition is a significant problem for patients with hematological neoplasms and solid tumors, serving as a negative prognostic and predictive factor that reduces the effectiveness of anticancer therapy and worsens survival outcomes.The article discusses the role of nutritional support in improving treatment outcomes, reducing complications, and enhancing the quality of life for cancer patients. It reviews current clinical guidelines for the implementation of nutritional support in oncology and oncohematology, underscoring the necessity of early intervention and continuous monitoring to prevent and address nutritional deficiencies. Various methods of nutritional support, including oral, enteral, and parenteral nutrition, are also discussed, with an emphasis on the importance of a personalized approach to meet the individual needs of patients.
Minimal residual disease and outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Galtseva I. V. , Parovichnikova E. N. , Davydova Yu. O. , Kapranov N. M. , Nikiforova K. A. , Chabaeva Yu. A. , Kuzmina L. A. , Konova Z. V. , Kastrikina I. S. , Aleshina O. A. , Lukianova I. A. , Troitskaya V. V. , Gaponova T. V. , Kulikov S. M. 
Published: December 2024

Background. One approach to improving overall and relapsefree survival for patients with acute leukemia is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). The probability of relapse after alloHSCT in acute leukemia patients may be influenced by many factors, including the presence of minimal residual disease (MR) before alloHSCT. Aim. To evaluate the relationship between MR presence in first complete remission and probability of relapse after alloHSCT in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Materials and methods. The study included 241 patients: 143 with AML and 98 with ALL (30 patients with hpositive leukemia, 22 patients with Tcell ALL and 46 patients with cell ALL) who received alloHSCT at the National Medical Research Center for Hematology from September 2015 to July 2021. The MR analysis was performed using flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed using IM SSS v. 23 (SA).Results. nivariate event analysis revealed that in AML patients, poor prognosis was most associated with MRpositive status before alloHSCT (hazard ratio (HR) 10.249 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 4.137–25.388); p ˂ .0001). Multivariate analysis included MRpositive status before alloHSCT (HR 9.161 (95 % CI 3.513–23.652); p < 001), ELN risk (HR 4.423 (95 % CI 1.764–11.092); p ˂ 0.0034), and transplant source (bone marrow/peripheral stem cells) (HR 3.068 (95 % CI 1.188–7.924); p ˂ 0.0156). Threeyear overall and relapsefree survival of AML patients in the first complete remission with MRpositive status were statistically significantly worse than in patients with MRnegative status (overall survival 43 % versus 78 %; p = 0.0004; relapsefree – 26 % versus 67 %; p ˂ .0001). In the univariate event analysis, it was found that MRpositive status before alloHSCT (HR 4.180 (95 % CI 1.333–13.112); p = 0.0142) was most associated with an unfavorable prognosis in ALL patients. In the multivariate analysis, only the MR status before alloHSCT was selected (p = 0.0005). The overall survival of MRpositive ALL patients, although significantly worse, did not differ statistically significantly from that of MRnegative patients who received alloHSCT in the first complete remission (28 % versus 68 %; p = 0.09).Conclusion. MR analysis before alloHSCT helps to identify a group of patients with an extremely high risk of relapse after transplantation, which dictates the need to correct therapeutic tactics regarding the choice of donor, conditioning regimen, immunosuppressive therapy, or early prophylactic antirelapse therapy.
Personalized genotype-directed antitumor therapy for newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: efficacy and toxicity of the R-CHOP-X protocol in a single-center, non-randomized, prospective clinical trial (first results)
Authors: Mingalimov M. A. , Baryakh E. A. , Misyurin A. V. , Kesaeva L. A. , Mkrtchyan A. S. , Misyurina E. N. , Tolstykh T. N. , Orlova M. S. , Akhmadeeva A. A. , Chudnova T. S. , Ivanova D. D. , Kochneva O. L. , Zotina E. N. , Makeshova A. B. , Andreev S. S. , Yatskov K. V. , Samsonova I. V. , Lysenko M. A. 
Published: December 2024

Background. Diffuse large cell lymphoma (LCL) is a potentially curable biologically heterogeneous lymphatic tumor. Standard RCHO therapy shows disappointing results, both immediate and longterm. To improve efficacy without additional toxicity, it is worth considering the possibility of using biologically oriented therapy.Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of the genotypedirected RCHO in patients with newly diagnosed LCL in real clinical practice.Materials and methods. A singlecenter prospective interventional clinical study included 30 patients with newly diagnosed LCL between September 2023 and September 2024. The median age was 60 (38–78) years. According to the international prognostic index, 23 (77 %) patients were classified as having a high risk of progression. Genotype incidence in the study cohort: MC– 7 %, N1 – 20 %, N2 – 7 %, EZ– 16 %, ST2 – 7 %, NOS – 43 %.Results. 30 patients received personalized genotypedirected therapy. Of these, 21 (70 %) patients completed treatment: the overall response rate was 100 % (complete metabolic response – 100 %). 9 (30 %) patients continue therapy: the overall response rate is 100 %. At 12 months, overall survival and progressionfree survival were 100 % (95 % confidence interval 100 %). Hematological toxicity was assessed depending on the number of cycles (n = 144): grade III–I neutropenia was detected in 7 % of cycles, grade III–I anemia and grade III–I thrombocytopenia in 1.4 and 3.5 % of cycles, respectively. Nonhematological toxicity was generally grade ≤I–II.Conclusion. The results of this clinical trial are promising and provide preliminary evidence for the benefit of personalized genotypedirected antitumor therapy in newly diagnosed LCL. This therapeutic strategy demonstrates high clinical efficacy, particularly in the main target group – LCL with a high risk of progression with low toxicity. Further randomized studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness and implement the new approach in routine clinical practice.
Regional aspects of availability of expectorants and antitussive drugs
Authors: Timiryanova V. М. , Samorodov А. V. , Valiullina Z. А. , Prudnikov V. B. , Krasnoselskaya D. Kh. 
Published: December 2024

Background. In the Russian Federation (RF), the problems of supplying the population with medicines are associated with both their physical and economic accessibility, which are heavily dependent on such various external shocks as pandemic, special military operation and other ones. There is a regional differentiation in the availability of individual drugs and their price levels, which determines the variability of market responses to external shocks and government-developed mechanisms for stabilizing markets.Objective: to reveal regional availability dependencies of antitussive drugs and expectorants.Material and methods. The study was carried out using data from the online retail sales analytics service in the RF, which forms a database based on cash receipts containing information on the sales price of 55 drugs for the period from January 1, 2021 until December 31, 2023 in the context of 83 RF constituent entities. Analysis included assessment of the structure of medicines sold by their composition, place of production, inclusion in the list of vital and essential drugs, as well as dynamics, variations and spatial autocorrelation of prices, availability of medicines in the regions of RF.Results. Range availability increased for 35 out of 55 drugs under review while all of them in 2023 were represented only in 5 RF constituent entities. Prices were characterized by high variation both in trade names (TNs) and RF constituent entities, varying from 13% (Doktor MOM®) to 181% (Kuka). The dynamics of prices for domestic and foreign produced drugs until 2022 and after this timepoint differed. The economic availability of medicines in terms of TNs and RF constituent entities was in a very wide range (from 0.003 to 1.4 daily median income). These differences were not chaotic, but spatially dependent: positive spatial autocorrelation of prices was established.Conclusion. The analysis revealed different economic accessibility and range availability of drugs in regions where external shocks have a significant influence on their dynamics. At the same time, we observed the variability of the restoration rate of spatial equilibrium of drug markets in terms of TNs, that should be considered when designing stabilization activities.
Zagreb Indices and Adjacency Matrices of Fuzzy Zero Divisor Graphs with MATLAB Based Algebraic Applications
Authors: Eryaşar Elif , SÖZEN ESRA ÖZTÜRK 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This article aims to explore the theoretical properties of topological descriptors used in fuzzy graph theory, which combines elements of graph theory and fuzzy set theory, within algebraic structures. For this purpose, fuzzy Zagreb topological indices have been formulated theoretically and also adjacency matrices are constructed for the fuzzy zero-divisor graphs of the commutative ring Zn where n=pα , n=p1 p2 (p1 and p2 are primes). In particular, a SageMath-based drawing algorithm that embodies the fuzzy graph structures of the rings is presented for application-based convenience. Furthermore, a MATLAB-based code was created that directly calculates the Zagreb indices and adjacency matrices of the fuzzy zero-divisor graphs for every conceivable value of $n$. And thanks to this code, applications are included where we can calculate the characteristic polynomials, eigenvalues and graph energies of the fuzzy algebraic graphs we are working on.
AMS Classification: 05C25, 05C72, 05C09
Numerical and experimental investigation of ship performance and hull-propeller-rudder interaction of a twin-propeller/twin-rudder ship with different angle
Authors: Chen Weimin , Li Yongyue , Xing Lei , Zhang Li , Chang Xing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The change of rudder angle will change the surrounding flow field, resulting in different loads and interactions on the hull-propeller-rudder, which will affect the resistance and self-propulsion performance of the ship, and this effect will be amplified on the twin-propeller / twin-rudder ship. The CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) method is used to analyze the resistance of the ship-rudder at the rudder angle of 0 ° -8 °, the rudder lift, moment, axial wake, the rudder profile velocity vector at the propeller shaft height, and the dynamic pressure distribution on the inner and outer surfaces of the rudder. The resistance of the ship-rudder at different rudder angles is verified by the EFD(Experimental Fluid Dynamics) method. After installing the propeller, the self-propulsion performance of the hull-propeller-rudder with rudder angle of 0 ° -6 ° is calculated and analyzed by CFD method, and compared with the EFD results. The axial wake, the dynamic pressure on the surface of the propeller and rudder and the velocity vector near the rudder are analyzed, and the flow field and vorticity field of the hull-propeller-rudder are analyzed. The results show that : 1 ) When the ship-rudder is combined, the change of resistance is mainly reflected in the force change of the rudder in the flow field behind the stern. The CFD results show the same trend as the EFD results. When the rudder angle is 6 °, the total resistance of the ship-rudder is the smallest, and the resistance decreases by about 1%. 2 ) The change of rudder angle has little effect on the wake field in front, but it has a great influence on the flow field around the rudder, which in turn affects the resistance, lift and moment. 3 ) When the hull-propeller-rudder is combined, the self-propulsion performance is the best when the rudder angle is 4 °, and the self-propulsion power can decrease by about 4%. This is mainly due to the beneficial interaction between the propeller and the rudder. 4 ) The change of rudder angle has little effect on the surface pressure of the propeller, but it will slightly change the axial wake behind the propeller, and the surface dynamic pressure of the rudder is quite different. 5 ) When the rudder angle exceeds the optimal rudder angle of 4 °, the interaction between the hull-propeller-rudder becomes unfavorable, resulting in the chaos of the vorticity field and the overall performance degradation. For twin-propeller / twin-rudder, proper arrangement of rudder angle can effectively improve ship performance and achieve energy saving purpose.
Systematic Relationship Between Areal Extent and Population for Urban Areas in the USA
Authors: Lobo Jose , Ortman Scott , Bettencourt Luis 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

While the impact of population density on key urban attributes has received considerable research attention, the relationship between areal extent and population size remains less explored and largely undertheorized. In this study, we analyze the systematic relationship between the total area and population of urbanized areas, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau from 1950 to 2020. The delineated urban areas represent a long-standing effort to demarcate spaces where “urban life” takes place. Utilizing urban scaling theory, we characterize this relationship as a scale-invariant function of city population size, demonstrating that its predicted elasticity has remained consistent, within statistical uncertainty, over seven decades. We also examine the temporal variations in the prefactor of these scaling relationships in the context of technological changes. Our findings reveal that the predicted relationship between area and population size underscores the fact that urban areas are fundamentally social networks embedded within physical and infrastructural spaces.
Prediction model of intradialytic hypertension in hemodialysis patients based on machine learning
Authors: Zhou Hongming , Guo Qi , wang Kang , Zhang Xinzhou , Luo Yehua , Luan Shaodong , Tang Donge , Xu Mingzhi , Dong Jingjing , Yin Lianghong , Dai Yong , huang shengling 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective: The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is escalating, particularly for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which has led to greater dependence on hemodialysis. This upswing exerts substantial strains on patient families and healthcare systems. A critical concern during hemodialysis is the emergence of Intradialytic Hypertension (IDH), which carries significant health risks. Delayed management of IDH can lead to severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. The aim of our study was to harness machine learning methodologies to develop a predictive algorithm for IDH, utilizing patient demographic data and dialysis records. Our model equips medical professionals with a robust predictive tool that enhances the detection of patients more susceptible to hypertension during dialysis, thereby advancing the pre-screening for individuals considered at increased risk.
Methods: This study developed two predictive models for IDH, named IDH-1 and IDH-2, by employing a suite of machine learning algorithms, namely the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and TabNet. IDH-1 is specifically engineered to provide immediate predictions of IDH risk prior to a hemodialysis session, utilizing records from the imminent pre-dialysis period combined with historical average dialysis data, whereas IDH-2 employs records from the current dialysis session along with historical average data to forecast the risk of IDH for the next hemodialysis session. The performance evaluation of the models utilized key metrics, including Area Under the Curve (AUC), recall, accuracy, and F1 score, which are crucial in determining the models' precision and reliability.
Results: This research analyzed data from 1,405 patients at Shenzhen People's Hospital over 185,125 dialysis sessions and 416 patients at Fuding City Hospital across 71,427 sessions. Data from Shenzhen served as the training set, while Fuding data comprised the test set, supporting the model development and validation process. In the IDH-1 models, the LGBM outperformed SVM and TabNet with an AUC of 0.87. LGBM achieved a recall of 0.73, an accuracy of 0.243, and an F1 score of 0.36. For IDH-2 models, LGBM maintained superior performance, with an AUC of 0.75, a recall of 0.56, an accuracy of 0.17, and an F1 score of 0.26. Predictor importance analysis for the LGBM algorithm identified pre-dialysis diastolic pressures, historical mean arterial pressure, and historical average IDH episodes as significant for the IDH-1 model. For the IDH-2 model, historical average IDH episodes and post-dialysis systolic pressures were most predictive.
Conclusions: This study's results highlight the significant potential of machine learning techniques in leveraging demographic and dialysis data to predict IDH in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Integration of Imaging-based and Sequencing-based Spatial Omics Mapping on the Same Tissue Section via DBiTplus
Authors: Fan Rong , Enninful Archibald , Zhang Zhaojun , Klymyshyn Dmytro , Zong Hailing , Bai Zhiliang , Farzad Negin , Su Graham , Baysoy Alev , Nam Jungmin , Yang Mingyu , Lu Yao , Zhang Nancy , Braubach Oliver , Xu Mina , Ma Zongming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Spatially mapping the transcriptome and proteome in the same tissue section can significantly advance our understanding of heterogeneous cellular processes and connect cell type to function. Here, we present Deterministic Barcoding in Tissue sequencing plus (DBiTplus), an integrative multi-modality spatial omics approach that combines sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics and image-based spatial protein profiling on the same tissue section to enable both single-cell resolution cell typing and genome-scale interrogation of biological pathways. DBiTplus begins with in situ reverse transcription for cDNA synthesis, microfluidic delivery of DNA oligos for spatial barcoding, retrieval of barcoded cDNA using RNaseH, an enzyme that selectively degrades RNA in an RNA-DNA hybrid, preserving the intact tissue section for high-plex protein imaging with CODEX. We developed computational pipelines to register data from two distinct modalities. Performing both DBiT-seq and CODEX on the same tissue slide enables accurate cell typing in each spatial transcriptome spot and subsequently image-guided decomposition to generate single-cell resolved spatial transcriptome atlases. DBiTplus was applied to mouse embryos with limited protein markers but still demonstrated excellent integration for single-cell transcriptome decomposition, to normal human lymph nodes with high-plex protein profiling to yield a single-cell spatial transcriptome map, and to human lymphoma FFPE tissue to explore the mechanisms of lymphomagenesis and progression. DBiTplusCODEX is a unified workflow including integrative experimental procedure and computational innovation for spatially resolved single-cell atlasing and exploration of biological pathways cell-by-cell at genome-scale.
Remodeling Tumor Microenvironment Using Prodrug nMOFs for Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Dong Junliang , Ding Jindong , Luo Shifan , Li Ruoshui , Wang Yi , Xiao Bing , Pei Yuxin , Chen Xiaoyuan , Sun Wenjing , Pei Zhichao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) hold tremendous potential in cancer therapy due to their remarkable structural and functional adaptability, enabling them to serve as nanocarriers for biopharmaceuticals and nanoreactors for organizing cascade bioreactions. Nevertheless, MOFs are predominantly utilized as biologically inactive carriers in most cases. Developing nanoscale prodrug MOFs suitable for biomedical applications remains a huge challenge. In this study, we have designed a novel prodrug nano-MOFs (DCCMH) using metformin (Met) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) as ligands for coordination self-assembly with Cu2+, followed by loading of DOX and surface modification with HA. Upon internalization by cancer cells, DCCMH releases Cu2+, CHCA, Met, and DOX in response to high levels of GSH-H2O2 within the tumor microenvironment (TME); Cu2+ depletes GSH and generates Cu+ that subsequently catalyzes H2O2 to hydroxyl radical through a Fenton reaction; CHCA induces a further decrease in intracellular pH and promotes Fenton reactions by inhibiting lactate efflux; Met up-regulates tyrosine kinase activity and enhances the chemotherapy of DOX. With the abilities to synergistically combine chemo/chemodynamic therapy and remodel the TME, the DCCMH nMOFs inhibit murine hepatoma effectively. This study presents a feasible strategy for fabricating prodrug nano-MOFs which are capable of remodeling TME to improve efficacy through synergistic cancer therapy.
Layer 5 myelination gates corticothalamic coincidence detection
Authors: Kole Maarten , Jamann Nora , Montijn Jorrit , Petersen Naomi , Lokhorst Roeland , Burg Daan van den , Balemans Maayke , Driessens Stan , Heimel J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Myelin is essential for rapid saltatory propagation of action potentials (APs) to decrease the temporal delays between distant brain regions. Whether myelination plays a role in the long-range computational processing of disparate inputs is not well understood. Using a cell-type specific approach with retrograde AAV targeting in the layer 5 (L5) Cre-driver mouse line (Rbp4-Cre), we studied optogenetically evoked L5 pyramidal neuron responses and made in vivo juxtacellular recordings to determine the spike transfer to the posteromedial nucleus (POm) of the thalamus. Cuprizone-induced demyelination caused milliseconds of temporal delays and jitter of conduction times as well as failures in the high-frequency burst code. Computational models of the corticothalamic projection pathway revealed that grey matter myelin loss alone sufficed to account for the failure in burst propagation. Finally, pairing optically evoked spikes with whisker stimulation demonstrated that L5–POm myelination is critical for gating coincidence detection in the thalamus.