bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung ultrasound evaluation of incremental PEEP recruitment maneuver in children undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Sun Liping , Wu Lei , Zhang Kan , Tan Ruizhen , Bai Jie , Zhang Mazhong , Zheng Jijian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo explore the effect of incremental positive end‐expiratory pressure recruitment maneuver (iPEEPRM) in children with congenital heart diseases (CHDs) using lung ultrasound.MethodsThirty‐six children aged 3 months to 5 years scheduled for cardiac surgery participated. iPEEPRM was performed with PEEP stepwise increase (0‐5‐10‐15 cmH2O) and decrease at the same rate before and after surgery. Atelectatic areas, ultrasound scores, arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), and respiratory system dynamic compliance per kilogram body weight (CDyn/kg) were analyzed before and after iPEEPRM. The primary outcome is the incidence of atelectasis. Secondary outcomes are oxygenation, ventilation, CDyn/kg, and atelectasis area.ResultsiPEEPRM was successfully applied in 92% (33/36) children before surgery and 71% (24/34) children after surgery. The incidence of atelectasis was significantly reduced by iPEEPRM from 76% to 15% before surgery and from 92% to 38% after surgery, respectively (P < .001). Before surgery, iPEEPRM significantly reduced atelectatic areas and ultrasound scores: 32.5 (0‐128.1) mm2 vs 0 (0‐0) mm2 and 8 (3‐12) vs 2 (0‐4). PaO2 and CDyn/kg were significantly increased after iPEEPRM: 243 (129‐275) mm Hg vs 278 (207‐323) mm Hg and 0.6 (0.4‐0.7) mL/cmH2O/kg vs 0.8 (0.6‐1.0) mL/cmH2O/kg. After surgery, iPEEPRM significantly reduced atelectatic areas and ultrasound scores: 45.7 (13.1‐115.8) mm2 vs 0 (0‐34.7) mm2, and 9 (6‐12) vs 3 (0‐5). PaO2 and CDyn/kg were also significantly increased after iPEEPRM.ConclusionsiPEEPRM effectively reduced atelectasis, improved lung aeration, oxygenation, and CDyn/kg in children undergoing cardiac surgery.
Extending the scope of configuration management for the development and life cycle support of systems of systems—An ontology‐driven framework applied to the Enceladus Submarine Exploration Lander
Authors: Kossmann Mario , Samhan Ahmad , Odeh Mohammed , Qaddoumi Eman , Tbakhi AbdelGhani , Watts Stephen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIncreasingly complex systems of systems (SoS) have to be developed in ever shorter times‐to‐market at reduced costs and with high reliability. In addition, as the life cycle of such SoS frequently spans across several decades, customer expectations and market conditions will evolve. Systems engineering (SE)/model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) and configuration management (CM) need to be ever more closely integrated to appropriately address this situation. CM as a discipline is essential for establishing traceability and controlling baseline evolutions between all the relevant pieces of information resulting from the related system life cycle processes of all constituent systems of such SoS; but for this to work, the scope of CM must be extended both throughout the entire life cycle and across all participating monolithic systems. New frameworks are needed to effectively and efficiently apply CM across SoS arrangements. This paper proposes an ontology‐based, federative approach to managing the inherent complexity of CM in the context of SoS, with particular focus on a change management framework for SoS. Examples from a conceptual system that is concerned with the submarine exploration of Enceladus as part of the “Saturn exploration system” are used to demonstrate typical SE/MBSE artifacts and how CM needs to address them across the involved operational and enabling systems.
Removal of organic pollutants by contact oxidation of biological carbon sludge
Authors: Song Wuchang , Ren Yanglong , Jia Ruibao , Zhao Liang , Chen Faming , Zhu Zhaoliang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA pilot‐scale (5 m3/day) study was conducted for the treatment of micro‐polluted low‐turbidity water using a biological contact oxidation high‐density sedimentation tank system with biochar sludge. First, the best operating conditions were found through system debugging; then, biological characteristics were investigated during system debugging; and finally, the performance in terms of pollutant elimination was investigated. The carbon sludge tank biomass was stable, which provided good stability for the removal of organic matter in raw water. The average reduction in absorbance of UV254 and total organic carbon were 36.71% and 29.63%, respectively, when compared with conventional coagulation. The adsorption and degradation of the mixture comprising carbon and sludge played an important role in removing organic pollutants; most of the humic and fulvic acid content of the water was removed during the coagulation processes.Practitioner points

The contact oxidation of biological carbon sludge system can effectively treat low‐turbidity water.

The extracellular polymeric substances and the filamentous bacteria connecting the structure provided good settling for the carbon sludge mixture.

The adsorption and degradation of the mixture comprising carbon and sludge played an important role in removing organic pollutants.

With the carbon sludge reflux, organic matter with molecular weight >30K and 10K–3K was greatly reduced.

The contact oxidation of biological carbon sludge system was successful in reducing the concentrations of DBPs and their precursors.
A Lower Density Operator for the Borel Algebra
Authors: Balcerzak Marek , Gła̧b Szymon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe prove that the existence of a Borel lower density operator (a Borel lifting) with respect to the $$\sigma $$σ-ideal of countable sets, for an uncountable Polish space, is equivalent to CH. One of the implications is known (due to K. Musiał) and the remaining implication is derived from a general abstract result dealing with the negation of GCH. We observe that there is no lower density Borel operator with respect to the $$\sigma $$σ-ideal of countable sets, whose range is of bounded level in the Borel hierarchy.
The impact of the MIB-1 index on facial nerve outcomes in vestibular schwannoma surgery
Authors: Wach Johannes , Brandecker Simon , Güresir Agi , Schuss Patrick , Vatter Hartmut , Güresir Erdem 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Facial nerve palsy is a severe morbid condition that occurs after vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate facial nerve outcomes based on surgical techniques, tumour size, and immunohistochemical factors.

Methods
One hundred eighteen patients with VS were retrospectively analysed. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 83 patients, and subtotal resection (STR) was achieved in 35 patients. Follow-up was 60 months (median). Facial nerve outcomes were assessed for 24 months after surgery. Analysis of the MIB-1 index was performed in 114 patients (97%) to evaluate recurrence and facial nerve outcomes.

Results
Immediately after surgery, 16 of 35 patients (45.7%) with STR and 21 of 83 patients (25.3%) with GTR had a good (House-Brackmann (HB) score ≤ 2) facial nerve outcome (p = 0.029). Semi-sitting positioning (p = 0.002) and tumour size class of 3 (> 4 cm) were also associated with worse HB outcomes after 2 years (p = 0.004) in univariate analyses. The MIB-1 index was significantly correlated with diffuse infiltration of tumour-associated CD45+ lymphocytes (r = 0.63, p = 0.015) and CD68+ macrophages (r = 0.43, p = 0.021). ROC analysis found an AUC of 0.73 (95% CI = 0.60–0.86, p = 0.003) for the MIB-1 index in predicting poor facial nerve outcomes. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed an MIB-1 index ≥ 5% (16/28 (57.1%) vs. 5/40 (12.5%); p < 0.001, OR = 14.0, 95% CI = 3.2–61.1) and a tumour size class of 3 (6/8 (75.0%) vs. 2/8 (25.0%); p = 0.01, OR = 14.56, 95% CI = 1.9–113.4) were predictors of poor HB scores (≥ 3) after 1 year.

Conclusions
An MIB-1 index ≥ 5% seems to predict worse long-term facial nerve outcomes in VS surgery.
Risk of Delayed Discharge and Reoperation of Gastric Bypass Patients with Psychiatric Comorbidity—a Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Lagerros Ylva Trolle , Brandt Lena , Sundbom Magnus , Hedberg Jakob , Bodén Robert 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Gastric bypass (GBP) surgery is considered a safe and effective treatment for obesity. However, there is uncertainty regarding the impact of preexisting psychiatric comorbidity on GBP complications. We have investigated whether a psychiatric diagnosis before GBP surgery is associated with delayed discharge (the odds of being in the 90th percentile of length of stay) and rate of reoperation in a nationwide Swedish cohort.

Methods
Patients undergoing GBP surgery during 2008–2012 were identified and followed up through the National Patient Register and the Prescribed Drug Register. Logistic regression models were fitted to the studied outcomes.

Results
Among the 22,539 patients identified, a prior diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, depression, neurotic disorders, ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), substance use disorder, eating disorder, personality disorder, or self-harm since 1997 (n = 9480) was found to be associated with delayed discharge after GBP surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47, confidence interval [CI] 1.34–1.62), especially in patients with psychiatric hospitalization exceeding 1 week in the 2 years preceding GBP surgery (OR = 2.06, CI 1.30–3.28), compared with those not hospitalized within psychiatry. Likewise, patients with a prior psychiatric diagnosis were more likely to be reoperated within 30 days (OR = 1.25, CI 1.11–1.41), with twice the likelihood OR 2.23 (CI 1.26–3.92) for patients with psychiatric hospitalization of up to a week in the 2 years preceding GBP surgery, compared with patients who had not been hospitalized within psychiatry.

Conclusions
A psychiatric diagnosis before GBP surgery was associated with delayed discharge and increased likelihood of reoperation within 30 days. Patients with a prior psychiatric diagnosis may, therefore, need additional attention and support.
Good overall behavioural adjustment in children and adolescents with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Messina Valeria , Hirvikoski Tatja , Karlsson Leif , Vissani Sophia , Wallensteen Lena , Ortolano Rita , Balsamo Antonio , Nordenström Anna , Lajic Svetlana 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are treated postnatally with life-long glucocorticoid (GC) replacement therapy. Although prolonged exposure to GCs may have a negative impact on behaviour, few studies have studied this issue. We therefore investigated behavioural outcomes in male and female children and adolescents with CAH.

Methods
An observational study in which Swedish and Italian children and adolescents with CAH identified through neonatal screening for CAH (n = 57, age range 7–17 years) were compared with healthy population controls matched for age and sex (n = 72, age range 7–17 years). Thirteen (eight females) of the fifty-seven children and adolescents with CAH had been treated prenatally with dexamethasone (DEX). Standardised questionnaires for parents and self-report scales for children/adolescents were used to assess behavioural and emotional problems, social anxiety, temperament and scholastic competence.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences between CAH patients (not prenatally treated with DEX) and controls on most of the scales measuring adaptive functioning or behavioural problems. However, children with CAH were rated by their parents to have more social problems than controls (Child Behaviour Checklist, CBCL social problems, p = 0.032). In the small group (n = 13) of prenatally DEX-treated cases parents rated their children/adolescents to have more mood problems compared with non-DEX-treated children/adolescents with CAH (CBCL-withdrawn/depressed, p = 0.019).

Conclusion
Children/adolescents with CAH showed good overall adjustment. The clinical significance of the parentally perceived increase in social problems in children/adolescents with CAH requires further investigation. The findings underline the importance of psychological support for children/adolescents with a chronic condition.
Multiple impact pathways of the 2015–2016 El Niño in coastal Kenya
Authors: Fortnam Matt , Atkins Molly , Brown Katrina , Chaigneau Tomas , Frouws Ankje , Gwaro Kemyline , Huxham Mark , Kairo James , Kimeli Amon , Kirui Bernard , Sheen Katy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe 2015–2016 El Niño had large impacts globally. The effects were not as great as anticipated in Kenya, however, leading some commentators to call it a ‘non-event’. Our study uses a novel combination of participatory Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis tools, and new and existing social and biophysical data, to analyse vulnerability to, and the multidimensional impacts of, the 2015–2016 El Niño episode in southern coastal Kenya. Using a social-ecological systems lens and a unique dataset, our study reveals impacts overlooked by conventional analysis. We show how El Niño stressors interact with and amplify existing vulnerabilities to differentially impact local ecosystems and people. The policy significance of this finding is that the development of specific national capacities to deal with El Niño events is insufficient; it will be necessary to also address local vulnerabilities to everyday and recurrent stressors and shocks to build resilience to the effects of El Niño and other extremes in climate and weather.
Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst of Mesoporous Ni/NiO Nanosheets for Flexible Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Liu Peitao , Ran Jiaqi , Xia Baorui , Xi Shibo , Gao Daqiang , Wang John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne approach to accelerate the stagnant kinetics of both the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER) is to develop a rationally designed multiphase nanocomposite, where the functions arising from each of the constituent phases, their interfaces, and the overall structure are properly controlled. Herein, we successfully synthesized an oxygen electrocatalyst consisting of Ni nanoparticles purposely interpenetrated into mesoporous NiO nanosheets (porous Ni/NiO). Benefiting from the contributions of the Ni and NiO phases, the well-established pore channels for charge transport at the interface between the phases, and the enhanced conductivity due to oxygen-deficiency at the pore edges, the porous Ni/NiO nanosheets show a potential of 1.49 V (10 mA cm−2) for the OER and a half-wave potential of 0.76 V for the ORR, outperforming their noble metal counterparts. More significantly, a Zn–air battery employing the porous Ni/NiO nanosheets exhibits an initial charging–discharging voltage gap of 0.83 V (2 mA cm−2), specific capacity of 853 mAh g
Zn
−1
at 20 mA cm−2, and long-time cycling stability (120 h). In addition, the porous Ni/NiO-based solid-like Zn–air battery shows excellent electrochemical performance and flexibility, illustrating its great potential as a next-generation rechargeable power source for flexible electronics.
Markov’s Inequality and $$C^{\infty }$$ Functions on Certain Algebraic Hypersurfaces
Authors: Beberok Tomasz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIt is known that if E is a $$C^{\infty }$$

C
∞

determining set, then E is a Markov set if and only if it has Bernstein’s property. This article provides the equivalent of this result for compact subsets of some algebraic varieties.
Electromyographic Evaluation of the Pelvic Muscles Activity After High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Procedure and Electrical Stimulation in Women With Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Authors: Elena Silantyeva , Dragana Zarkovic , Ramina Soldatskaia , Evgeniia Astafeva , Orazov Mekan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Impaired coordination, relaxation, and atrophy of pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) may cause various health issues referred to as pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). In recent years, electromagnetic noninvasive stimulation of the pelvic floor was successfully used to treat PFD symptoms.

Aim
This study aims to compare the effectiveness of electrical and magnetic noninvasive stimulation for the treatment of PFD in postpartum women.

Methods
2 intervention groups treated with high-intensity focused electromagnetic ([HIFEM]; G1) procedure and electrical stimulation (G2) were established along with the control group (G3). Patients received 10 therapies delivered at the hospital (G1; 2–3 times per week) or self-administered at home (G2; every other day) after initial training. The protocol was identical for both modalities. Functionality of the PFM was examined by surface electromyography measurements (maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]; mean MVC; muscle activity at rest; endurance of contraction) while patient’s subjective perception of pelvic floor functionality was assessed by Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire–Short Form 7 (PFIQ-7) standardized questionnaire. Changes in electromyography values and PFIQ-7 scores were statistically evaluated from baseline to after all treatments.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcome measure was enhancement of PFM activity.

Results
In total, 95 patients (G1 = 50; G2 = 25; G3 = 20) participated in the study. The MVC, mean MVC, and endurance were lowered in symptomatic patients. After the treatments, these parameters significantly increased (P &lt; .001) and moved toward the values of healthy population. Electrogenesis at relaxation revealed divergent tendencies in the G1 and G2 groups. PFIQ-7 scores significantly improved in treated patients (P &lt; .001). In general, superior results were documented in the HIFEM group as it reached improvement of electromyography parameters from 48% to 59% (electrical stimulation from 7% to 36%) and similarly the improvement of PFIQ-7 score by 57% (electrical stimulation by 32%).

Conclusion
This study documented that the HIFEM procedure was significantly more effective than electrical stimulation in treatment of PFD in postpartum women. Both the objective and subjective evaluation indicates more profound effects of magnetic stimulation.
Metop-C deployment and start of three-satellite operations
Authors: Righetti P.L. , de Juana Gamo J.M. , Sancho F. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTMetop is the space segment of the EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS), which provides real-time data to several European meteorological services as well as to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and other international agencies. The third Metop satellite, Metop-C, was launched on 7 November 2018 and shall enter in operations in few months, once the on-going commissioning of the meteorological products is completed. Each Metop satellite was designed to operate at least five years. A sequential deployment of the satellites was foreseen to achieve the target mission duration of 15 years, replacing an old one at end of life with a newer one; thanks to the excellent performances of the launchers and of the platform itself, and to continuous improvements to the fuel management, it was possible to extend the operational life of each satellite by a factor of three, still maintaining enough fuel to perform safe de-orbiting operations (foreseen for Metop-A, launched in 2006, at the end of 2021). This provided the opportunity to develop in 2012 (after Metop-B launch) dual-satellite products, which now, with the arrival of Metop-C, can evolve to tri-satellite; several decisions, concerning the selection of launch date and time as well as commissioning and operational locations, had to be been taken to achieve the target configuration; the analyses leading to these decisions are discussed here.
Fault-tolerant control of hypersonic vehicles based on fast fault observer under actuator gain loss fault or stuck fault
Authors: Zhu P. , Jiang J. , Yu C. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a fault-tolerant control (FTC) method based on fast fault observer (FFO) to solve the problem of actuator gain loss fault and stuck fault for hypersonic vehicles. Firstly, an input-output feedback linearisation model is presented that considers parametric uncertainties, control input saturation, disturbances and actuator faults. Secondly, the above factors are defined as an integrated fault item, and an improved fast fault observer is designed to estimate the integrated fault in real time. Finally, the fault-tolerant controller is constructed based on the sliding mode and fault estimation. In case of unknown faults, the effects of gain loss fault or stuck fault happen on elevators and the engine can be quickly processed, Also, the asymptotically stable tracking of the flight output reference command is completed to achieve fault-tolerant control. The final simulation experiment verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An Active Shooter in Your Hospital: A Novel Method to Develop a Response Policy Using In Situ Simulation and Video Framework Analysis
Authors: Argintaru Niran , Li Winny , Hicks Christopher , White Kari , McGowan Melissa , Gray Sara , Petrosoniak Andrew 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTHospital shootings (Code Silver) are events that pose extreme risk to staff, patients, and visitors. Hospitals are faced with unique challenges to train staff and develop protocols to manage these high-risk events. In situ simulation is an innovative technique that can evaluate institutional responses to emergent situations. This study highlights the design of an active shooter in situ simulation conducted at a Canadian level-1 trauma center to test a Code Silver active shooter protocol response. We further apply a modified framework analysis to extract latent safety threats (LSTs) from the simulation using ethnographic observation of the response by law enforcement, hospital security, logistics, and medical personnel.The video-based framework analysis identified 110 LSTs, which were assigned hazard scores, highlighting 3 high-risk LSTs that did not have effective control measures or were not easily discoverable. These included lack of security during patient transport, inadequate situational awareness outside the clinical area, and poor coordination of critical tasks among interprofessional team members. In situ simulation is a novel approach to support the design and implementation of similar events at other institutions. Findings from ethnographic observations and a video-based analysis form a structured framework to address safety, logistical, and medical response considerations.
Odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis patients undergoing tooth extraction: oral surgeon and otolaryngologist viewpoints and appropriate management
Authors: Tsuzuki K , Kuroda K , Hashimoto K , Okazaki K , Noguchi K , Kishimoto H , Nishikawa H , Sakagami M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to propose appropriate management for odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis.MethodThirty-one adult patients with odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing maxillary extraction were retrospectively analysed. Patients with (n = 21) and without (n = 10) oroantral fistula on computed tomography were classified. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed when sinusitis did not improve after extraction. The critical indicators for surgical requirement in the management of odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis were analysed.ResultsSinusitis significantly improved after extraction in both groups. Patients without oroantral fistula had significantly more severe remnant sinusitis than those with oroantral fistula after extraction on computed tomography (p = 0.0037). The requirement for functional endoscopic sinus surgery was statistically significant for patients without orofacial fistula over those with orofacial fistula (p < 0.0001). The surgical improvement ratio was 93 per cent.ConclusionThe absence of oroantral fistula and severe sinusitis can be critical indicators for the requirement of functional endoscopic sinus surgery after extraction in the management of odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis.