bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF AMERICAN TEGUMENTARY LEISHMANIOSIS WITH FLUCONAZOLE: CASE REPORT
Authors: Xavier Kauane Mayra de Oliveira , Puster Rainardo Antônio , Batista Hermes Melo Teixeira , Rodrigues Jorge Luiz Nobre 
Published: November 2020

Abstract: Leishmaniasis are diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus, seen as a major public and social health problem, they represent a complex of diseases with different clinical presentations. Pentavalent antimonial drugs are the first choice in their treatment, however, this medications have disadvantages, such as the application and risks attributed to the toxicity. In this context, therapeutic options that present a suitable intake and satisfactory results are studied. The authors present a clinical case of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a male patient, 89 years old, with cutaneous lesions on the nasal dorsum and on the left infraorbital margin, after the diagnosis, therapy with oral fluconazole was started, thus improving the disease. Oral triazole antifungals are a controversial topic in cutaneous leishmaniasis, even so, the use of oral fluconazole can be considered in patients with skin lesions, especially in patients susceptible to the greater possibility of complications due to side effects of pentavalent antimonial drugs. Keywords: American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Fluconazole. Public health.
Skranken i UH-bibliotek
Authors: Kilvik Astrid , Lamøy Liv Inger 
Published: November 2020

NTNU Universitetsbiblioteket har fått midler fra Nasjonalbiblioteket til et ettårig prosjekt med tittel: TREFF – mot en ny plattform for universitetsbibliotekets skranketjeneste. Prosjektet undersøker skranketjenesten ved NTNU UB og identifiserer, igangsetter og evaluerer tiltak for videreutvikling. Prosjektet omhandler det fysiske møtet med studenten i skranken og varer til juni 2019.
For å utforske skranketjenesten fra både ansatt- og brukerperspektiv, har vi benyttet ulike metoder. Vi har gjort en kartlegging av hvilke spørsmål studentene stiller samt intervjuet studenter om deres opplevelse av møtet i skranken. Resultatene viser at mange av informantene ikke har tilstrekkelig kunnskap om bibliotekarenes kompetanse og hva slags hjelp de kan få. Flere gir uttrykk for at de liker å være selvhjulpne, men at de kunne spart tid ved å spørre om hjelp i bibliotekskranken. Mange forbinder biblioteket med det fysiske, det vil si trykt materiale og det som er i lokalene. Dette samsvarer med resultatene fra registreringen av hvilke typer spørsmål som stilles i skranken, der hovedmengden handler om samlinger og lån.
I tillegg har vi gjennomført en spørreundersøkelse blant alle bibliotekansatte, der vi har spurt om møtet med studentene i skranken og opplevelsen av skranketjenesten generelt. Et svært høyt antall respondenter mener at skranken er en viktig møteplass mellom bibliotek og student. Samtidig observerer de at studenter av og til ikke henvender seg til skranken selv om de sannsynligvis har behov for hjelp. Ansatte har samme oppfatninger av årsakene til at studentene ikke tar kontakt som studentene selv: de er blant annet redd for å forstyrre og usikre på hva de kan spørre om.
Ut fra funn i undersøkelsene, komplettert med UX-metodikk og litteraturstudier, har vi identifisert og satt i gang flere tiltak for videreutvikling av skranketjenesten. Noen av tiltakene er praktiske og konkrete og dreier seg for eksempel om ominnredning av skrankeområder og ambulerende bibliotekskranker. Andre tiltak har mer karakter av strategiske utviklingsprosesser, satt i gang for å skape endring i et lengre perspektiv.
Følgende problemstillinger kan egne seg til videre diskusjon: Hva ønsker vi at skranketjenesten i UH-bibliotek skal være - resepsjon eller pedagogisk verktøy eller? Hvilken plass skal skranketjenesten ha blant andre tjenesteområder i biblioteket? Hvordan kan skrankefunksjonen bidra til at bibliotekets tilbud oppleves som helhetlig og relevant? Overordnet mål for UH-bibliotek er å støtte lærings- og forskningskvalitet i institusjonene, hvordan kan skranketjenesten spesielt bidra til dette? For å oppnå mål som er satt for skranketjenesten – hvordan vil det være hensiktsmessig å organisere skrankearbeidet?
Letter in response to original research article; oral misoprostol solution in comparison to vaginal misoprostol for induction of labour in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Meena Manisha , Sarkar Avir 
Published: November 2020

We read with great interest the original research article entitled oral misoprostol solution in comparison to vaginal misoprostol for induction of labour in a randomized controlled trial by Abbas et al published in your journal in September 2020 issue. We want to congratulate the authors for this successful research article. It is indeed a great effort to shed light on the choice of preferred route and dose of administration of misorostol as a cervical ripening agent for induction of labour. However, we want to highlight a few points that are worth considering during interpretation of the trial results. All participants recruited in the study were primigravidae at term gestation. While term gestation starts from 37 weeks onwards, but in the inclusion criteria gestation range was mentioned from 36 to 42 weeks.
Сomparative study of the formation of concepts using real geometric figures and contour images as stimuli in children at the age of 4 to 5 years
Authors: Golubeva I. U. , Tikhonravov D. L. , Voitenkov V. B. , Pashkov A. Y. , Pervunina T. M. 
Published: November 2020

Background. In preschool age, age-related changes in the principles of information processing are observed. The formation of concepts is a convenient approach for the comparative study of the cognitive abilities of healthy children and children with a high risk of the impairment of the intelligence formation. Objective. The goal of the work was to conduct the comparative study of the formation of concepts using real geometric figures and flat contour images as stimuli in 4–5-year-old children. Design and methods. The original method was used in which a child independently revealed a certain pattern of choosing stimuli under the conditions of the simultaneous presentation of four objects or images. Results. The speed of forming the concepts of the "size" and "shape"/"contour shape" did not significantly differ in the 4-5-year-old children. However, the formation of both the concepts required the longer learning period with using the contour images compared to the the learning period with using real objects as stimuli. The heterogeneity of the 4–5-year-old children group was related to the difference of the speed of forming concepts. This fact implies the qualitative differences in the processing of information. In the children with long-lasting training, the synthesis of separate empirical representations took place due to the inductive function of abstract thinking. Some children probably have already possessed those concepts and they could quickly relate rewarded concrete stimuli to those concepts using the deductive function of abstract thinking. Conclusion. Our experimental psychological method using contour images can be used in clinical practice with the subsequent transition to stimuli on a computer screen with the simultaneous recording of brain activity to study the dynamics of the children mental development, as well as to identify delays and deviations in their cognitive sphere.
Post-orgasmic Illness Syndrome: A Closer Look
Authors: William  , Cennikon Pakpahan  , Raditya Ibrahim  
Published: November 2020

Background: Post-orgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is a rare condition in which someone experiences flu-like symptoms, such as feverish, myalgia, fatigue, irritabilty and/or allergic manifestation after having an orgasm. POIS can occur either after intercourse or masturbation, starting seconds to hours after having an orgasm, and can be lasted to 2 - 7 days. The prevalence and incidence of POIS itself are not certainly known.
Reviews: Waldinger and colleagues were the first to report cases of POIS and later in establishing the diagnosis, they proposed 5 preliminary diagnostic criteria, also known as Waldinger's Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria (WPDC). Symptoms can vary from somatic to psychological complaints. The mechanism underlying this disease are not clear. Immune modulated mechanism is one of the hypothesis that is widely believed to be the cause of this syndrome apart from opioid withdrawal and disordered cytokine or neuroendocrine responses. POIS treatment is also not standardized. Treatments includeintra lymphatic hyposensitization of autologous semen, non-steroid anti-inflamation drugs (NSAIDs), steroids such as Prednisone, antihistamines, benzodiazepines, hormones (hCG and Testosterone), alpha-blockers, and other adjuvant medications.
Summary: This syndrome still needs more research to understand its mechanisms to obtainclearer treatment. Besides that, the clinician's awareness is needed to recognize this syndrome so that it is not misdiagnosed.
Modelling behavioural change from sea-based ‘helicopter latrines’ to land-based shared improved latrines in the Demaan, Jepara, Indonesia
Authors: Sunarti S. , Helmi Muhammad , Widjajanti Retno , Purwanto Annisa Amellia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The government of Indonesia pursued a slum-upgrading programme from 2011 to 2018 which included replacing ‘helicopter latrines’ with shared improved latrines. However, these latrines have not been fully utilised by slum dwellers yet. This study aimed to construct a model of behaviour change to urge people to switch from using helicopter latrines to using shared improved latrines through the process of community empowerment. A qualitative research method was conducted. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were deployed to select study participants. Data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions. The results showed that the challenge in improving communities' sanitation behaviour can be answered with a bottom-up approach that integrates tangible and intangible elements. These elements have the dimensions of form, meaning and activity. Form is a tangible element namely shared improved latrine building that is physically acceptable to the community. Meaning and activity are intangible elements. Meaning involves the cognitive aspects to create a sense of ownership and action from affective aspects involves the activity of using the latrines. To improve the sanitation conditions, governments should involve the community in every activity, empower the community through education campaigns, and conduct supervision until the community can be independent.
Advanced processed wastewater for different uses: constellations favouring future implementation of a multimodal water reuse concept
Authors: Schramm Engelbert , Becker Dennis , Fischer Michaela 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Advanced wastewater treatment is often used to produce one single water quality. In recent years, technologies have been developed that allow the production of different qualities that are fit for their purpose. These technology bundles are still not being marketed, and market requirements are unclear. Two constellations in West Basin, California and in Oman were analysed to shed light on the different constellations of actors, resource situations and institutions. The first led to the industrial reuse of several water qualities, while the second produced an application in holiday resorts, leisure and food production. A hypothetical solution was contrasted with an historical case. The analysis of the constellations showed that multi-sectoral investments and dependencies require strong cooperation arrangements and long-term agreements. Governmental institutions were revealed to be suitable for coordinating the process, especially during the initial phase, but also in view of security of supply. A (comparative) examination allows an initial, still provisional systematic overview of other constellations that favour systems with recycled water of different qualities. Further research is required to understand the welfare and distribution effects of multimodal water pricing policies and the feasibility of co-financing of agricultural irrigation and opportunities for more sustainable water reuse.
Identification of Binding Partners of CsaA - An Archaeal Chaperonic Protein of Picrophilus torridus
Authors: Singhal Neelja , Sharma Archana , Aswal Manisha , Singh Nirpendra , Kumar Manish , Goel Manisha 
Published: November 2020

Background:
CsaA is among the few chaperones which are present in both bacteria and
archaea, but absent in eukaryotes. There are no reports on interactome analysis of CsaA from
archaea, till date. Identification of binding partners of CsaA might be helpful in understanding
CsaA-associated processes in Picrophilus torridus an extreme thermoacidophilic euryarchaeon.

Objectives:
The present study was conducted to identify the binding partners of CsaA of P. torridus
(PtCsaA).

Methods:
The binding partners of PtCsaA were isolated and identified using a pull down assay and
liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Results:
The results revealed twelve potential binding partners of CsaA. These were thermosome
subunits (Q6KZS2 and Q6L132), nascent polypeptide-associated complex protein (Q6L1N3), elongation
factor 1-alpha (Q6L202), uncharacterized protein (Q6L0Y6), citrate synthase (Q6L0M8), asparaginyl-
tRNA synthetase (Q6L0M5), succinyl-CoA synthetase beta chain (Q6L0B4), pyruvate
ferredoxin oxidoreductase alpha and beta chain proteins (Q6KZA7 and Q6KZA6, respectively),
malate dehydrogenase (Q6L0C3) and reversed fumarylacetoacetase (Q6KZ97). Functional categorization
revealed that of these, six proteins were involved in energy metabolic pathways, three were
archaeal chaperones, two were involved in translation and one might be a transcription regulator.
STRING-based analysis of the protein-protein interactions of the experimental interactome revealed
strong interactions among them.

Conclusion:
PtCsaA might be a multifaceted protein which besides translation might also play important
role in metabolic processes of P. torridus. However, further experiments investigating the
binding partners of CsaA in other archaea are required for a better understanding of CsaA-associated
processes in archaea.
Detection and Identification of Catalpol Metabolites in the Rat Plasma, Urine and Faeces Using Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-Q Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-orbitrap High-resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xiang Zedong , Wang Shaoping , Li Haoran , Dong Pingping , Dong Fan , Li Zhen , Dai Long , Zhang Jiayu 
Published: November 2020

Background::
Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside, is one of the richest bioactive components present in
Rehmannia glutinosa. More and more metabolites of drugs have exhibited various pharmacological effects,
thus providing guidance for clinical application. However, few researches have paid attention to the
metabolism of catalpol.

Objective::
This study aimed to establish a rapid and effective method to identify catalpol metabolites and evaluate
the biotransformation pathways of catalpol in rats.

Methods::
In this study, catalpol metabolites in rat urine, plasma and faeces were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Exactive
MS for the characterization of the metabolism of catalpol. Based on high-resolution extracted ion chromatograms
(HREICs) and parallel reaction monitoring mode (PRM), metabolites of catalpol were identified by comparing
the diagnostic product ions (DPIs), chromatographic retention times, neutral loss fragments (NLFs) and
accurate mass measurement with those of catalpol reference standard.

Results:
A total of 29 catalpol metabolites were detected and identified in both negative and positive ion
modes. Nine metabolic reactions, including deglycosylation, hydroxylation, dihydroxylation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation,
oxidation of methylene to ketone, glucuronidation, glycine conjugation and cysteine conjugation,
were proposed.

Conclusion::
A rapid and effective method based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive MS was developed to mine the
metabolism information of catalpol. Results of metabolites and biotransformation pathways of catalpol suggested
that when orally administrated, catalpol was firstly metabolized into catalpol aglycone, after which phase I
and phase II reactions occurred. However, hydrophilic chromatography-mass spectrometry is still needed to further
find the polar metabolites of catalpol.
The Influence of Genetic Variations and Drug Interactions Based on Metabolism of Antidepressants and Anticonvulsants
Authors: Oz Merve D. , Ozdemir Fezile , Suzen Halit S. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
The variability in drug response is highly complex and can be attributed to the polymedication,
genetic polymorphisms modulating drug-metabolizing enzyme activities (cytochromes P450,
CYP), physiological and environmental factors.” sentence could be revised as “The variability in drug response
is highly complex and can be attributed to the polymedication, genetic polymorphisms modulating drugmetabolizing
enzyme activities (cytochromeP450s (CYP)), physiological and environmental factors.

Objective:
The main objective of this review is to deeply discuss the role of biotransformation in the occurrence
of antidepressant and anticonvulsant induced inter individual variabilities with the focus on genetic variations
and drug interactions.

Methods:
An extensive search of the literature has been conducted related to biotransformation of the antidepressant
and anticonvulsant agents on relationships between genetic differences and drug interactions on available
databases. Following keywords are used for relevant articles: “metabolic enzyme”, “pharmacokinetic”, “antidepressant”,
“anticonvulsant”, “genetic variations”, “enzyme inhibition”, “enzyme induction” and also with a
list of all included antidepressant and anticonvulsants.

Results:
In the present review, we provided an overview of documented clinically significant pharmacokinetic
drug interactions, physiological and environmental differences. We further discuss the significance of genetic
variations in drug metabolizing enzymes to underline the need for using the information on both genotype and
drug interactions towards implementing better clinical outcomes through personalized medicine in neurology
and psychiatry.

Conclusions:
The present review clearly illustrates that interindividual differences in the biotransformation (including
genetic variability of the drug metabolizing enzymes, age, sex, diet) of the antidepressant and anticonvulsant
drugs, which are commonly prescribed medications globally, has a crucial role in the occurrence of adverse
effects and various drug responses. Therefore, the potential results of the drug-drug interactions and individual
genetic characteristics should always be considered to make pharmacotherapy safer and more effective,
as they have major clinical implications.
Evaluation of HIV-1 Regulatory and Structural Proteins as Antigen Candidate in Mice and Humans
Authors: Khojasteh Narges Farahani , Fekri Mehrshad , Shabani Samaneh Hemmati , Milani Alireza , Baesi Kazem , Bolhassani Azam 
Published: November 2020

Background::
The diagnosis of HIV infection is important among different groups.
Moreover, combination antiretroviral therapy is used to treat HIV-1, but it cannot eradicate the infection.
Thus, the development of therapeutic vaccines, along with antiretroviral therapy, is recommended.
This study evaluates the values of four HIV proteins as antigen candidates in therapeutic
vaccine design as well as a possible diagnostic marker for HIV infection in humans.

Methods::
In this study, the HIV-1 Tat and Rev regulatory proteins and structural Gp120 and p24
proteins were generated in E. coli expression system. Their immunogenicity was evaluated in BALB/
c mice using homologous and heterologous prime/boost strategies. Moreover, the detection of anti-
HIV IgG antibodies against these recombinant proteins was assessed in untreated (Naïve/ HIV-infected),
treated, and drug-resistant patients compared to the healthy (control) group as a possible diagnostic
marker for HIV infection.

Results::
In humans, our results showed that among HIV-1 proteins, anti-Gp120 antibody was not
detected in treated individuals compared to the healthy (control) group. The levels of anti-Gp120
antibody were significantly different between the treated group and Naïve as well as drug-resistant
subjects. Moreover, the level of anti-p24 antibody was significantly lower in the treated group than
the Naive group. In mice, the results of immunization indicated that the Rev antigen could significantly
induce IgG2a, IgG2b, and IFN-γ secretion aimed at Th1 response as well as Granzyme B
generation as CTL activity in comparison with other antigens. Furthermore, the heterologous DNA
prime/ protein boost regimen was more potent than the homologous regimen for stimulation of cellular
immunity.

Conclusion::
Briefly, the levels of both anti-Gp120 and anti-p24 antibodies can be considered for
the diagnosis of the HIV-infected individuals in different groups compared to the healthy group.
Moreover, among four recombinant proteins, Rev elicited Th1 cellular immunity and CTL activity
in mice as an antigen candidate in therapeutic vaccine development.
A Mini-Review on Pharmacological Importance of Benzothiazole Scaffold
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Imran Mohd. 
Published: November 2020

:
Heterocyclic compounds are important because they have almost all types of pharmacological properties. Due
to these properties of heterocyclic compounds, they attracted the researchers for the development of more effective newer drug molecules. In this review, we are focused on benzothiazole and its derivatives, which are used
for the synthesis of various biologically active molecules. Benzothiazole derivatives have been possessed the various type of pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antiviral, anthelmintic, antioxidant, anticancer, and other anticipated activities. Hence, structural alterations have resulted in different
benzothiazole derivatives that illustrated a wide variety of pharmacological activities.