bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective activation by bryostatin‐1 demonstrates unique roles for PKCε in neurite extension and tau phosphorylation
Authors: Ekinci Fatma J. , Shea Thomas B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPhorbol esters such as 12‐O‐tetradeonyl phorbol‐13 acetate (TPA) induce a time‐dependent biphasic effect on protein kinase C (PKC)‐mediated events by fostering translocation of cytosolic (latent) PKC to the plasma membrane (where it is activated). Continued treatment, however, depletes the cell's entire PKC complement and induces a functional stake of PKC inhibition. Previous studies from several laboratories have demonstrated that long‐term TPA treatment, like treatment with PKC inhibitors, induces neuronal differentiation. Bryostatin‐1 also induces translocation and overall downregulation of PKC following long‐term treatment, yet, unlike TPA or PKC inhibitors, does not induce neuronal differentiation, promoting controversy regarding the role of PKC inhibition in neuronal differentiation. We demonstrate herein that, despite overall downregulation in human neuroblastoma cells, membrane‐associated levels of one PKC isoform (PKCε) are actually increased following long‐term bryostatin‐1 treatment. Since previous studies have implicated this PKC isoform in phosphorylation of the microtubule‐associated protein tau and in neuritogenesis, we examined the consequences of long‐term bryostatin treatment on these phenomena. Treatment with 25 n‐100 M bryostatin‐1 for 72 h increased tau phosphorylation and inhibited neuritogenesis. By contrast, treatment with either TPA or the PKC inhibitor staurosporine did not induce tau phosphorylation and induced neurite elaboration. Bryostatin‐1 antagonized neurite induction by staurosporine. These findings provide additional evidence for a unique role of PKCε in the regulation of tau phosphorylation and neuronal differentiation, and demonstrate that bryostatin‐1 can function under certain conditions as a selective PKCε activator even following long‐term treatment.
Relapse and recurrence prevention in major depression: a critical review of placebo-controlled efficacy studies with special emphasis on methodological issues
Authors: Storosum J.G. , van Zwieten B.J. , Vermeulen H.D.B. , Wohlfarth T. , van den Brink W. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThis article critically reviews the design and methodology of studies aimed at evaluating relapse and recurrence prevention in major depression. A literature search in MEDLINE was performed with the medical subject headings ‘depression’, ‘recurrence’, ‘relapse’, ‘prevention’ and ‘study’. This search covered the period from January 1990 to July 1999. Only long-term placebo-controlled studies that included patients with non-chronic major depression were selected. Two types of design could be distinguished: randomised withdrawal studies in responders/remitters (N = 11) and extension studies in responders without re-randomisation (N = 3).Randomised withdrawal studies are suitable for demonstrating long-term efficacy for the duration of the study period. However, this design does not permit a clear differentiation between relapse or recurrence and, therefore, is not suitable to demonstrate unequivocally relapse prevention or recurrence prevention. Extension studies in short-term responders without randomisation are not even suitable to demonstrate long-term efficacy.A novel design is proposed that overcomes the weaknesses of designs employed thus far. In essence, this design calls for a long-term randomised placebo-controlled study in patients who are free of medication for a substantial period of time and who fulfil the criteria of major depression (recurrent) in sustained remission (e.g., HDRS < 7) as a possible option.
The tridimensional personality questionnaire (TPQ) and depression
Authors: Hansenne M , Pitchot W , Gonzalez Moreno A , Machurot P-Y , Ansseau M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe relationships between the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and depression were examined in a sample of 53 major depressive patients and 33 healthy controls. Depressed patients exhibit higher harm avoidance scores as well as lower novelty seeking sub-scale exploratory excitability (NSI) scores as compared to healthy controls. However, the other dimensions and their sub-scales do not differ between depressive patients and controls. In the depressive group, the harm avoidance dimension is related to the severity of depression as assessed by the Hamilton scale. This study confirms the state dependence of the harm avoidance dimension and suggests a relationship between the novelty seeking sub-scale NSI and depression.
Validity of diagnoses and other clinical register data in patients with affective disorder
Authors: Kessing LV 
Published: July 2002

SummaryStudies validating the clinical diagnoses of affective disorder recorded in case registers against research diagnostic criteria do not exist. In the present study, a random sample of 100 patients was selected among 21,734 patients who were recorded in the Danish Psychiatric Central Register with a diagnosis of manic-depressive psychosis at their first admission to psychiatric ward in a period from January 1, 1971 to December 31, 1993. Case notes from alt over Denmark were reviewed for all 100 patients and diagnoses were made with the use of OPCRIT. Patients who were still alive were contacted and interviewed face to face or by telephone. In total, 95 out of the 100 patients received an ICD-10 diagnosis of affective disorder computed with OPCRIT and confirmed at the interviews. Other clinical characteristics such as the age at onset and the number of affective episodes estimated from the register corresponded well with information from the case notes and the interviews.
Considering Technology: Living And Working In A Technocratic Society
Authors: Johnson Peter G. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTIn this article, a framework is provided for consideration of technologies that are frequently viewed as either a source of power or frustration. The two widely accepted paradigms of technological and social determinism are analyzed in relationship to women's health care. Those ascribing to the model of technological determinism believe that a technology, once created, takes on a life of its own. Those believing in social determinism view a technology as a neutral tool that can be used in any way that the user desires. Finally, a third model that addresses both of these propensities in conjunction with the technology and social factors underlying its use is presented and recommended for critical analysis of devices used when caring for women.
CD279 mediates the homeostasis and survival of regulatory T cells by enhancing T cell and macrophage interactions
Authors: Liu Yang , Gao Yuting , Hao Huiqin , Hou Tiezheng 
Published: April 2020

CD279 is a cell surface protein predominantly expressed on T cells. Its ligands CD273 and CD274 are expressed on antigen‐presenting cells and tumors. CD279 has been shown to act as an important immune check point by inhibiting CD8 T cell activation, and antibodies against CD279 enhance T cell‐mediated cytotoxic function. However, whether CD279 has other functions in CD4 T cell homeostasis or in mediating T cell interactions with antigen‐presenting cells remains unclear. In the present study, we show that antibody‐mediated inhibition of CD279 reduces T cell survival in bone marrow in vivo. Unexpectedly, CD279 blockade also compromised regulatory T cell and macrophage interactions by reducing their contact time. The observation that the CD273 antagonist had little effect suggests that CD274 (the second ligand of CD279) plays a more central role in contact between conventional T cells (Tcon) and macrophages. The results of the present study suggest that both CD279 ligands contribute to the interaction length between T cells and macrophages as a mechanism of maintaining Treg homeostasis. Furthermore, CD273 and CD274 are not redundant ligands because CD274 may have unique effects on Tcon in this complex immune axis. Therefore, ligand selection for check point blockade as a tool for cancer immunotherapy has important implications with respect to anti‐tumor T cell activation and the avoidance of side effects.
Tuning 2D MXenes by Surface Controlling and Interlayer Engineering: Methods, Properties, and Synchrotron Radiation Characterizations
Authors: Wang Changda , Chen Shuangming , Song Li 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMXenes, layered transition metal carbides/nitrides, have already received considerable attention in various research areas including but not limited to energy storage/conversion and photo/electrocatalysis. In fact, the intrinsic property of MXenes is highly tunable by controlling the surface terminations and interlayer spacing. Moreover, synchrotron radiation X‐ray characterizations have shown high potential for exploring the causal relationship between the properties and structure of MXenes. Particularly, operando X‐ray measurements could provide useful insight for better understanding the dynamic process of MXene‐based energy materials. In this review, a comprehensive summary of recent studies on surface controlling, interlayer engineering, and the synchrotron‐based characterizations of MXenes is presented. The outlook of MXenes and applications of advanced X‐ray characterizations are also discussed.
Stepwise Control of Crosslinking in a One‐Pot System for Bioprinting of Low‐Density Bioinks
Authors: Soliman Bram G. , Lindberg Gabriella C. J. , Jungst Tomasz , Hooper Gary J. , Groll Jürgen , Woodfield Tim B. F. , Lim Khoon S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExtrusion‐based 3D bioprinting is hampered by the inability to print materials of low‐viscosity. In this study, a single initiating system based on ruthenium (Ru) and sodium persulfate (SPS) is utilized for a sequential dual‐step crosslinking approach: 1) primary (partial) crosslinking in absence of light to alter the bioink's rheological profile for print fidelity, and 2) subsequent secondary post‐printing crosslinking for shape maintenance. Allyl‐functionalized gelatin (Gel‐AGE) is used as a bioink, allowing thiol‐ene click reaction between allyl moieties and thiolated crosslinkers. A systematic investigation of primary crosslinking reveals that a thiol‐persulfate redox reaction facilitates thiol‐ene crosslinking, mediating an increase in bioink viscosity that is controllable by tailoring the Ru/SPS, crosslinker, and/or Gel‐AGE concentrations. Thereafter, subsequent photoinitiated secondary crosslinking then facilitates maximum conversion of thiol‐ene bonds between AGE and thiol groups. The dual‐step crosslinking method is applicable to a wide biofabrication window (3–10 wt% Gel‐AGE) and is demonstrated to allow printing of low‐density (3 wt%) Gel‐AGE, normally exhibiting low viscosity (4 mPa s), with high shape fidelity and high cell viability (>80%) over 7 days of culture. The presented approach can therefore be used as a one‐pot system for printing low‐viscous bioinks without the need for multiple initiating systems, viscosity enhancers, or complex chemical modifications.
Anomalously Suppressed Thermal Conduction by Electron‐Phonon Coupling in Charge‐Density‐Wave Tantalum Disulfide
Authors: Liu Huili , Yang Chao , Wei Bin , Jin Lei , Alatas Ahmet , Said Ayman , Tongay Sefaattin , Yang Fan , Javey Ali , Hong Jiawang , Wu Junqiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCharge and thermal transport in a crystal is carried by free electrons and phonons (quantized lattice vibration), the two most fundamental quasiparticles. Above the Debye temperature of the crystal, phonon‐mediated thermal conductivity (κL) is typically limited by mutual scattering of phonons, which results in κL decreasing with inverse temperature, whereas free electrons play a negligible role in κL. Here, an unusual case in charge‐density‐wave tantalum disulfide (1T‐TaS2) is reported, in which κL is limited instead by phonon scattering with free electrons, resulting in a temperature‐independent κL. In this system, the conventional phonon–phonon scattering is alleviated by its uniquely structured phonon dispersions, while unusually strong electron‐phonon (e‐ph) coupling arises from its Fermi surface strongly nested at wavevectors in which phonons exhibit Kohn anomalies. The unusual temperature dependence of thermal conduction is found as a consequence of these effects. The finding reveals new physics of thermal conduction, offers a unique platform to probe e‐ph interactions, and provides potential ways to control heat flow in materials with free charge carriers. The temperature‐independent thermal conductivity may also find thermal management application as a special thermal interface material between two systems when the heat conduction between them needs to be maintained at a constant level.
Understanding the Film Formation Kinetics of Sequential Deposited Narrow‐Bandgap Pb–Sn Hybrid Perovskite Films
Authors: Wang Junke , Datta Kunal , Li Junyu , Verheijen Marcel A. , Zhang Dong , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeveloping efficient narrow bandgap Pb–Sn hybrid perovskite solar cells with high Sn‐content is crucial for perovskite‐based tandem devices. Film properties such as crystallinity, morphology, surface roughness, and homogeneity dictate photovoltaic performance. However, compared to Pb‐based analogs, controlling the formation of Sn‐containing perovskite films is much more challenging. A deeper understanding of the growth mechanisms in Pb–Sn hybrid perovskites is needed to improve power conversion efficiencies. Here, in situ optical spectroscopy is performed during sequential deposition of Pb–Sn hybrid perovskite films and combined with ex situ characterization techniques to reveal the temporal evolution of crystallization in Pb–Sn hybrid perovskite films. Using a two‐step deposition method, homogeneous crystallization of mixed Pb–Sn perovskites can be achieved. Solar cells based on the narrow bandgap (1.23 eV) FA0.66MA0.34Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 perovskite absorber exhibit the highest efficiency among mixed Pb–Sn perovskites and feature a relatively low dark carrier density compared to Sn‐rich devices. By passivating defect sites on the perovskite surface, the device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 16.1%, which is the highest efficiency reported for sequential solution‐processed narrow bandgap perovskite solar cells with 50% Sn‐content.
Association of traumatic brain injury with dementia and memory decline in older adults in the United States
Authors: Grasset Leslie , Glymour M. Maria , Yaffe Kristine , Swift Samuel L. , Gianattasio Kan Z. , Power Melinda C. , Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionTo examine associations of history of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) with loss of consciousness (LOC) with dementia incidence and memory decline.MethodsWe studied 2718 participants from the 1992 enrollment cohort of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) aged 65 years or older in 2000. History of TBI with LOC was self‐reported in 1992. Dementia was assessed using four algorithms established in HRS. Participants were followed from 2000 to 2014 with repeated measures of dementia and memory performance. Cox models and linear mixed‐effects models were used.ResultsIn 1992, 11.9% of the participants reported a history of TBI with LOC. In fully adjusted models for all four algorithms, participants with a history of TBI with LOC had no statistically significant difference in dementia incidence nor in memory decline, compared to participants without TBI history.DiscussionOur study did not find evidence of a long‐term association between history of TBI with LOC (of unknown frequency and severity) and dementia incidence or memory decline.
Energy conversion from wastewater sewage sludge
Authors: Billah Arif , Techato Kuaanan , Taweepreda Wirach 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNatural rubber‐based industries in Southern Thailand are generating concentrated latex sewage sludge (CLS), which is commonly managed by landfilling practice that is causing serious environmental hazards. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to produce pellets using CLS and para‐wood sawdust as a potential biomass source for energy generation. The process started with dewatering the CLS through a decanter centrifuge. Then a flat die pellet mill was applied for copelletization. Finally, the pellets were investigated to evaluate the higher heating value and toxic heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Cd, and Pb) using proximate ‐ ultimate analysis, fourier transform infrared analysis, scanning electron microscopy, calorific value, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrometer, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The results showed that the addition of the para‐wood sawdust resulted in higher heating value and lower ash content of 3,620 ± 12 kcal/kg and 4.93 ± 0.98%, respectively. Besides, it has increased the carbon content of the pellet from 28.23 to 46.26% highest among all the samples. Furthermore, the method developed in this study is not only environmentally friendly but also economically sound than the earlier management of CLS.
Robust admissible consensus of singular multi‐agent systems using sliding mode approach
Authors: Li Min , Ma Shuping , Yan Zhiguo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe admissible consensus problem of singular multi‐agent systems (SMASs) with mismatched norm‐bounded parametric uncertainties and unknown norm‐bounded disturbances is investigated by an integral sliding mode technique. Under a directed spanning tree network of the state transmission graph, the error states are defined. Then a linear matrix inequality (LMI)‐based sufficient condition is presented to guarantee regularity, free impulse, quadratic stability and H∞ performance of the sliding mode dynamics of the error states. Next, an integral sliding manifold parameter is designed to decrease the order of the LMI caused by the parametric uncertainties, and matrix inversion formulas and inequality techniques are applied to reduce the conservativeness of the LMI. Finally, the control laws, relying on the error states, the property of the state transmission graph and the upper norm bound of disturbances, are presented to ensure the state trajectories of the resulting closed‐loop system to achieve robust admissible consensus with H∞ performance. A simulation example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Sequelae of premature loss of lower permanent molars on developing occlusion during the mixed dentition period—A radiographic evaluation
Authors: Katta Nandini Kumari , Kakkunath Mani Sudheesh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhen planning extraction of teeth with poor prognosis especially lower first permanent molars, it is important to consider the timing of tooth removal and its effect on future occlusion to avoid interventions.
Bulbospinal muscular atrophy (Kennedy disease) responsive to immunoglobulins?
Authors: Poustka Katharina , Pollanz‐Petrovic Sabine , Lindeck‐Pozza Elisabeth , Finsterer Josef 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA 61 year old man with facial diplegia, quadruparesis, tongue atrophy/fasciculations, bulbar speech, muscle weakness/wasting, hypotonia, tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, absent tendon reflexes, fasciculations, and gynecomastia, received immunoglobulins for suspected immune‐neuropathy with limited benefit. After reconsideration, Kennedy disease was diagnosed upon 44 CAG repeats in AR. In conclusion, immunoglobulins exhibit limited benefit on immune‐neuropathy in patients with coexisting KD.
Heats and input variables selection for designing a water detection framework applicable to industrial electric arc furnaces
Authors: Alshawarghi Hamzah , Elkamel Ali , Moshiri Behzad , Hourfar Farzad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the development of “heats” and input variables selection models that are incorporated into a water detection framework for an industrial steelmaking electric arc furnace (EAF). The selection models in this work are developed based on latent variable methods. The latent variable methods used in this work are multiway principal component analysis (MPCA) and multiway projection to latent structures (MPLS). The particular problems related to latent variable methods discussed in this paper include data preprocessing, including alignment, unfolding method, centering, and scaling. The outcome of the heats selection model is heats with normal operation and the outcome of the input variables selection model is variables that are highly correlated with the off‐gas water vapour. The water detection framework and developed models are useful in practical settings for the prediction of water leakage and the design of appropriate fault detection and diagnosis strategies.
Drug Development and Medicinal Chemistry Efforts toward SARS‐Coronavirus and Covid‐19 Therapeutics
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Brindisi Margherita , Shahabi Dana , Chapman Mackenzie E. , Mesecar Andrew D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is spreading at an alarming rate and has created an unprecedented health emergency around the globe. There is no effective vaccine or approved drug treatment against COVID‐19 and other pathogenic coronaviruses. The development of antiviral agents is an urgent priority. Biochemical events critical to the coronavirus replication cycle provided a number of attractive targets for drug development. These include, spike protein for binding to host cell‐surface receptors, proteolytic enzymes that are essential for processing polyproteins into mature viruses, and RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase for RNA replication. There has been a lot of ground work for drug discovery and development against these targets. Also, high‐throughput screening efforts have led to the identification of diverse lead structures, including natural product‐derived molecules. This review highlights past and present drug discovery and medicinal‐chemistry approaches against SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV and COVID‐19 targets. The review hopes to stimulate further research and will be a useful guide to the development of effective therapies against COVID‐19 and other pathogenic coronaviruses.