bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic switches designed for eukaryotic cells and controlled by serine integrases
Authors: Gomide Mayna S. , Sales Thais T. , Barros Luciana R. C. , Limia Cintia G. , de Oliveira Marco A. , Florentino Lilian H. , Barros Leila M. G. , Robledo Maria L. , José Gustavo P. C. , Almeida Mariana S. M. , Lima Rayane N. , Rehen Stevens K. , Lacorte Cristiano , Melo Eduardo O. , Murad André M. , Bonamino Martín H. , Coelho Cintia M. , Rech Elibio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently, new serine integrases have been identified, increasing the possibility of scaling up genomic modulation tools. Here, we describe the use of unidirectional genetic switches to evaluate the functionality of six serine integrases in different eukaryotic systems: the HEK 293T cell lineage, bovine fibroblasts and plant protoplasts. Moreover, integrase activity was also tested in human cell types of therapeutic interest: peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), neural stem cells (NSCs) and undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells. The switches were composed of plasmids designed to flip two different genetic parts driven by serine integrases. Cell-based assays were evaluated by measurement of EGFP fluorescence and by molecular analysis of attL/attR sites formation after integrase functionality. Our results demonstrate that all the integrases were capable of inverting the targeted DNA sequences, exhibiting distinct performances based on the cell type or the switchable genetic sequence. These results should support the development of tunable genetic circuits to regulate eukaryotic gene expression.
Transcriptional profiling of lung macrophages identifies a predictive signature for inflammatory lung disease in preterm infants
Authors: Sahoo Debashis , Zaramela Livia S. , Hernandez Gilberto E. , Mai Uyen , Taheri Sahar , Dang Dharanidhar , Stouch Ashley N. , Medal Rachel M. , McCoy Alyssa M. , Aschner Judy L. , Blackwell Timothy S. , Zengler Karsten , Prince Lawrence S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLung macrophages mature after birth, placing newborn infants, particularly those born preterm, within a unique window of susceptibility to disease. We hypothesized that in preterm infants, lung macrophage immaturity contributes to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common serious complication of prematurity. By measuring changes in lung macrophage gene expression in preterm patients at risk of BPD, we show here that patients eventually developing BPD had higher inflammatory mediator expression even on the first day of life. Surprisingly, the ex vivo response to LPS was similar across all samples. Our analysis did however uncover macrophage signature genes whose expression increased in the first week of life specifically in patients resilient to disease. We propose that these changes describe the dynamics of human lung macrophage differentiation. Our study therefore provides new mechanistic insight into both neonatal lung disease and human developmental immunology.
Mitochondrial stress-activated cGAS-STING pathway inhibits thermogenic program and contributes to overnutrition-induced obesity in mice
Authors: Bai Juli , Cervantes Christopher , He Sijia , He Jieyu , Plasko George R. , Wen Jie , Li Zhi , Yin Dongqing , Zhang Chuntao , Liu Meilian , Dong Lily Q. , Liu Feng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObesity is a global epidemic that is caused by excessive energy intake or inefficient energy expenditure. Brown or beige fat dissipates energy as heat through non-shivering thermogenesis by their high density of mitochondria. However, how the mitochondrial stress-induced signal is coupled to the cellular thermogenic program remains elusive. Here, we show that mitochondrial DNA escape-induced activation of the cGAS-STING pathway negatively regulates thermogenesis in fat-specific DsbA-L knockout mice, a model of adipose tissue mitochondrial stress. Conversely, fat-specific overexpression of DsbA-L or knockout of STING protects mice against high-fat diet-induced obesity. Mechanistically, activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in adipocytes activated phosphodiesterase PDE3B/PDE4, leading to decreased cAMP levels and PKA signaling, thus reduced thermogenesis. Our study demonstrates that mitochondrial stress-activated cGAS-STING pathway functions as a sentinel signal that suppresses thermogenesis in adipose tissue. Targeting adipose cGAS-STING pathway may thus be a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract overnutrition-induced obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
Barley sodium content is regulated by natural variants of the Na+ transporter HvHKT1;5
Authors: Houston Kelly , Qiu Jiaen , Wege Stefanie , Hrmova Maria , Oakey Helena , Qu Yue , Smith Pauline , Situmorang Apriadi , Macaulay Malcolm , Flis Paulina , Bayer Micha , Roy Stuart , Halpin Claire , Russell Joanne , Schreiber Miriam , Byrt Caitlin , Gilliham Matt , Salt David E. , Waugh Robbie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring plant growth, sodium (Na+) in the soil is transported via the xylem from the root to the shoot. While excess Na+ is toxic to most plants, non-toxic concentrations have been shown to improve crop yields under certain conditions, such as when soil K+ is low. We quantified grain Na+ across a barley genome-wide association study panel grown under non-saline conditions and identified variants of a Class 1 HIGH-AFFINITY-POTASSIUM-TRANSPORTER (HvHKT1;5)-encoding gene responsible for Na+ content variation under these conditions. A leucine to proline substitution at position 189 (L189P) in HvHKT1;5 disturbs its characteristic plasma membrane localisation and disrupts Na+ transport. Under low and moderate soil Na+, genotypes containing HvHKT1:5P189 accumulate high concentrations of Na+ but exhibit no evidence of toxicity. As the frequency of HvHKT1:5P189 increases significantly in cultivated European germplasm, we cautiously speculate that this non-functional variant may enhance yield potential in non-saline environments, possibly by offsetting limitations of low available K+.
Hysteresis-less and stable perovskite solar cells with a self-assembled monolayer
Authors: Tumen-Ulzii Ganbaatar , Matsushima Toshinori , Klotz Dino , Leyden Matthew R. , Wang Pangpang , Qin Chuanjiang , Lee Jin-Wook , Lee Sung-Joon , Yang Yang , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrganic–inorganic halide perovskites are promising for use in solar cells because of their efficient solar power conversion. Current–voltage hysteresis and degradation under illumination are still issues that need to be solved for their future commercialization. However, why hysteresis and degradation occur in typical perovskite solar cell structures, with an electron transport layer of metal oxide such as SnO2, has not been well understood. Here we show that one reason for the hysteresis and degradation is because of the localization of positive ions caused by hydroxyl groups existing at the SnO2 surface. We deactivate these hydroxyl groups by treating the SnO2 surface with a self-assembled monolayer. With this surface treatment method, we demonstrate hysteresis-less and highly stable perovskite solar cells, with no degradation after 1000 h of continuous illumination.
Sound Therapy for Tinnitus: Options for Audiologists
Authors: Henry James A. , Quinn Candice M. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeSound therapy to reduce the emotional and functional effects of tinnitus has been used by audiologists since the 1970s when Jack Vernon introduced the masking method to provide a sense of relief from tinnitus distress. Our group renamed masking sound as “soothing” sound and distinguished it from “interesting” and “background” sound, each of which has a different purpose for tinnitus sound therapy. Other methods of sound therapy have the potential to reduce the “sensation” of tinnitus, including notched noise, matched noise, desynchronization, and residual inhibition. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the different sound therapy approaches to serve as a resource for audiologists who often provide sound therapy to their patients with tinnitus.ConclusionAlthough, according to systematic reviews, sound therapy does not have strong evidence for treatment of tinnitus, it is nonetheless well evidenced both through abundant research and clinical utilization mostly by audiologists. It is unknown if any one form of sound therapy is superior to any other.
Synthesis of iron‐oxide magnetic nanoparticles coated with dextran of varied molecular mass using a facile ball‐milling method
Authors: Chen Bo‐Wei , Hatamie Shadie , Garu Prabir , Heravi Pooyan , Chen Jiann‐Yeu , Liu Bo‐Tau , Wei Zung‐Hang , Yao Da‐Jeng 
Published: May 2020

A simple ball‐milling method was implemented to prepare dextran‐coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (dextran‐coated SPIONs, DSPIONs) by coating dextran (molecular mass, Mdextran, 10, 40, 70 and 100 kDa) onto nanoparticles, which synthesised with co‐precipitation methods. The size, saturation magnetisation and hydrodynamic diameters of the DSPIONs, composed of Fe3O4 and γ‐Fe2O3 proved by X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectra, were 11–14 nm, 55–65 emu g−1 and 200–300 nm using transmission electron microscope, superconducting‐quantum‐interference‐device magnetometer and dynamic light scattering devices, respectively. The characteristic lines of surface coating were revealed in attenuated‐total‐reflection Fourier‐transform infrared spectra. The saturation magnetisation and surface coating percentage (thermogravimetric analysis) of the ball‐milled DSPIONs were independent on Mdextran. The results were different from the statistical data from previous studies: DSPIONs using increasing Mdextran were accompanied by decreasing saturation magnetisation and increasing surface coating in conventional co‐precipitation protocols. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay indicated the ball‐milled DSPIONs exhibited low cytotoxicity in human hepatoma (SK‐HEP1) cells, and the implementation of Prussian blue staining proved the DSPIONs were able to be uptaken by SK‐HEP1. There was no obvious difference between the ball‐milled DSPIONs with various Mdextran. It demonstrated the ball milling process might be potential for SPION preparation in the biomedical field.
Ultrasound of Normal and Injured Ligaments and Retinacula of the Hand
Authors: McCarthy Catherine L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractClinical diagnosis of ligament and retinacular injuries of the hand may be challenging. Ultrasound (US) enables detailed high-resolution, dynamic, and real-time evaluation of these structures. This article is a comprehensive review of the intricate anatomy, optimal imaging technique, and normal US appearances of these ligaments and retinacula. The US features, pertinent biomechanics, clinical presentation, and differential diagnosis of injuries affecting the annular pulleys, differentiating from climber's finger; extensor hood including sagittal band and central slip rupture; proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal collateral ligaments including the Stener lesion and associated volar plate injury; and the anterior oblique or beak ligament of the trapeziometacarpal joint are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on optimal transducer positioning, value of dynamic US, injury severity, surgical indications, and other US findings with important management implications. US facilitates a timely accurate diagnosis of hand ligament and retinacular injury to ensure optimal patient management and minimize the risk of functional impairment of the hand.
Use of Sham Interventions in Randomized Controlled Trials in Neurosurgery
Authors: Gorayeb Rodrigo Panico , Forjaz Maria João , Ferreira António Gonçalves , Ferreira Joaquim José 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The use of sham interventions in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is essential to minimize bias. However, their use in surgical RCTs is rare and subject to ethical concerns. To date, no studies have looked at the use of sham interventions in RCTs in neurosurgery.
Methods This study evaluated the frequency, type, and indication of sham interventions in RCTs in neurosurgery. RCTs using sham interventions were also characterized in terms of design and risk of bias.
Results From a total of 1,102 identified RCTs in neurosurgery, 82 (7.4%) used sham interventions. The most common indication for the RCT was the treatment of pain (67.1%), followed by the treatment of movement disorders and other clinical problems (18.3%) and brain injuries (12.2%). The most used sham interventions were saline injections into spinal structures (31.7%) and peripheral nerves (10.9%), followed by sham interventions in cranial surgery (26.8%), and spine surgery (15.8%). Insertion of probes or catheters for a sham lesions was performed in 14.6%.In terms of methodology, most RCTs using sham interventions were double blinded (76.5%), 9.9% were single blinded, and 13.6% did not report the type of blinding.
Conclusion Sham-controlled RCTs in neurosurgery are feasible. Most aim to minimize bias and to evaluate the efficacy of pain management methods, especially in spinal disorders. The greatest proportion of sham-controlled RCTs involves different types of substance administration routes, with sham surgery the less commonly performed.
Combined Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, Aortic, and Lung Carcinoma Surgery
Authors: Goebel Nora , Franke Ulrich F.W. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Patients presenting with several cardiothoracic conditions that need to be addressed surgically require individual decision making as evidence remains inconclusive and combined surgical procedures carry an elevated perioperative risk.
Case Description We present the case and management of a 73-year-old male with myocardial infarction due to three-vessel disease and left main stem stenosis, calcified aortic aneurysm, and right-sided non-small cell lung carcinoma.
Conclusion High-risk combined surgery should be indicated with scrutiny after individual consideration by an experienced heart team.
Tracheal Transection—A Novel Airway Management
Authors: Fleißner Felix , Timm Max Eike , Lang Carl Philipp , Lenarz Thomas , Kühn Christian , Jaeger Daniel Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Traumatic injury of the trachea is rare, especially complete transection. Its operative revision requires an interdisciplinary approach.
Case Description We hereby present a rare case of complete transection of the trachea by accident. To stabilize the patient and to allow for safe surgery, veno-venous extracorporeal support was initiated via the subclavian artery and the femoral vein. The patient was subsequently operated, and the trachea re-anastomosed with favorable outcome.
Conclusion This rare case of an accidental transection of the trachea shows the importance of a good emergency rescue chain and the ability to facilitate interdisciplinary approaches in tertiary hospitals.
A Practical Guide to a Safe Sequence of Donning and Doffing of Personal Protective Equipment in Relation to COVID-19
Authors: Richard Vijay Samuel , Kanchi Muralidhar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhen caring for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), especially when involved in procedures that generate aerosol, personal protective equipment (PPE) with full-body coverage is recommended. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention emphasizes and recommends the following principles with regard to donning and doffing of PPE: (1) training and education (rigorous and repeated training of the health care workers [HCWs]), (2) all HCWs must exhibit competency in the PPE donning and doffing, and (3) PPE doffing should be done in a manner that prevents self-contamination or self-inoculation with contaminated PPE or hands (remove the most contaminated PPE items first, perform hand hygiene at each stage of doffing, and discard disposable items in containers for biomedical waste).
Cell response to substrate rigidity is regulated by active and passive cytoskeletal stress
Authors: Doss Bryant L. , Pan Meng , Gupta Mukund , Grenci Gianluca , Mège René-Marc , Lim Chwee Teck , Sheetz Michael P. , Voituriez Raphaël , Ladoux Benoît 
Published: May 2020

SignificanceThe observation that cells sense and adapt to the physical stiffness of their environment is consistent across many different cell types and has profound implications in the final biological phenotype. In a diseased state or transformed cell, the substrate rigidity sensing and adaptation machinery is perturbed or outright abolished, which leads to progression of the disease, thus fully understanding this process is vital. Here, we found that the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in fibroblasts was governed by active and passive cross-linkers and the relative cell-to-substrate elasticity, and we present a phenomenological model detailing this. As cell rigidity sensing is a robust mechanism observed in various contexts, a generalized physics-based understanding such as presented here will yield universal insights.
Husserl’s phenomenology of inner time-consciousness and enactivism
Authors: Senderowicz Yaron M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this article, I single out the characteristics of a polemical type of argument that I dub “the harmonizing argument”. Contenders that use the harmonizing argument aim to persuade their audience that it is possible to harmonize two opposed positions. My case study is the enactivists’ attempt to naturalize Husserl’s phenomenology of inner time-consciousness. I first present Husserl’s account of time-consciousness. I clarify why absolute subjectivity cannot be naturalized. I continue by interpreting the enactivists’ attempt to naturalizes absolute subjectivity as exemplifying the harmonizing argument. I present the limitations of this attempt, and I conclude by pointing out the possible positive epistemic results of using this type of argument.
The pointer finger and the pilgrim shell
Authors: Scarafile Giovanni 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
One of the risks to the study of interdisciplinary dynamics is to limit the analysis to a description of the visible structures through which it is in action.
Indeed, there are a number of factors which, although invisible, may contribute to the success or failure of an interdisciplinary enterprise.
Through the examination of two case studies, I examine these implicit factors, which underlie the development of interdisciplinarity. In particular, the role of habits, identity factors and the very inadequacy of rational arguments are examined. In a dialectic between invisible and visible emerges the picture of a complex phenomenon to which Caravaggio’s Seven Works of Mercy alludes in the final part of the essay.
Zitterbewegung-mediated RKKY coupling in topological insulator thin films
Authors: Ho Cong Son , Tan Seng Ghee , Siu Zhuo Bin , Jalil Mansoor B A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The dynamics of itinerant electrons in topological insulator (TI) thin films is investigated using a multi-band decomposition approach. We show that the electron trajectory in the 2D film is anisotropic and confined within a characteristic region. Remarkably, the confinement and anisotropy of the electron trajectory are associated with the topological phase transition of the TI system, which can be controlled by tuning the film thickness and/or applying an in-plane magnetic field. Moreover, persistent electron wavepacket oscillation can be achieved in the TI thin film system at the phase transition point, which may assist in the experimental detection of the jitter motion (Zitterbewegung). The implications of the microscopic picture of electron motion in explaining other transport-related effects, e.g., electron-mediated RKKY coupling in the TI thin film system, are also discussed.
Numerical Investigation of Effect of Combustor Length on Combustion Characteristics of Solid Fuel Ramjet
Authors: Li Weixuan , Chen Xiong , Qiu Shuang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of solid fuel ramjet (SFRJ) combustor length on combustion characteristics with swirling turbulent reacting flow is investigated via numerical approach. An in-house code written in FORTRAN is employed to simulate the 2-dimensional turbulent reacting swirling flow in the combustor of SFRJ. The results indicate that increasing the combustor length will increase the temperature near the backward-facing step and the afterburning chamber and enhance the local heat flux at the reattachment point.
Research on Self-adaption Model of Cooling Intensity for Construction Vehicle Based on CFD and ε-NTU
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Yaogang , Wang Baozhong , Liu Jiaxin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To improve the stability of power take-off and energy conservation of cooling system, it is essential to investigate a control model of cooling system for the working engine under varied ambient temperature. A Double-drum roller from a manufacturer in China was employed as the research basis for a self-adaption model of cooling intensity. At first, a numerical investigation was performed on its engine cabin, and the results were experimentally validated. Secondly, a self-adaption model based on ε-NTU method was solved with the combination of Ferrari and Shengjin methods, and finally presented in terms of heat transfer rate, fan rotation speed and ambient temperature. At last, under a constant heat flux of the radiator, the numerical results and predicted outcomes were compared at −30°C and 20°C to confirm the accuracy of that model. The results stated that the maximum error between experimental data and simulation results is 7.89%, which validates the correctness of the implemented numerical analysis. The Ferrari and Shengjin methods are eligible to solve the derived model, which is shown with heat transfer rate, fan rotation speed and ambient temperature. The deviation between numerical results and estimated values are 0.8°C at 20°C and 0.75°C at −30°C, respectively. The conclusions of this work could provide a theory basis and reference for the relative research on the self-adaption model of cooling intensity for construction vehicles.
Design and Test Verification of Acceleration Control for the Auxiliary Power Unit Based on N-Dot Acceleration Control Law
Authors: Peng Kai , Yang Fan , Zhang Zhaorong , Jiao Chunbo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The acceleration control law based on the rotor acceleration N-Dot has been widely applied in the design of aero-engine control systems, especially in the design of transient control law. Its advantage lies in the fact that it can guarantee the consistency of the acceleration performance of engine, not affected by engine manufacturing error, component performance degradation, and so on so forth. During the development of full authority electronic control system (FADEC) for an auxiliary power unit (APU), an acceleration control law is designed based on N-Dot and corrected with turbine inlet gas temperature for APU. The modified N-Dot acceleration control law is verified through rig test and the results show that the designed control system by integrating the modified N-Dot acceleration control law with the limit protection control can effectively prevent the engine from surge and over-speed during the acceleration process, and fully take advantage of the acceleration performance of the engine.