bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doctors Talking About Sexuality: What Are the Patients’ Feelings?
Authors: Zéler Arnaud , Troadec Catherine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Many medical practitioners avoid discussing the subject of sexuality with their patients because they are afraid of invading their privacy.

Aim
This study was carried out to discover what patients feel when asked about their sexuality by their GP.

Methods
A qualitative study was carried out that involved 96 patients aged 18 to 86. The patients were recruited from 4 medical offices in the South of France. A substitute general practitioner asked the patients, “How is your sexuality these days?” during routine consultations. The patients were then asked how they felt about that question in semi-structured interviews.

Main Outcome Measures
This study highlights the existence of a discrepancy between physicians’ beliefs and patients’ expectations. Indeed, physicians fear that they would embarrass their patients if they address the subject of sexual intimacy. As it turns out, 93% of the patients would have welcomed that question.

Results
34 patients (35%) were surprised by the question. 7 patients (7%) found the question unwelcome. 89 patients (93%) had a neutral or positive feeling. 78 patients (81%) deemed that sexual history should form an integral part of GP consultations (50% were in favor of systematic screenings for sexual dysfunctions, while 31% preferred targeted screenings). 2 patients (2%) found that the question had boosted their confidence and strengthened the doctor-patient relationship.

Conclusion
Most patients do not deem that their GP is invading their privacy if the GP touches upon the subject of sexuality, even if the patient’s visit was for a different reason. Before addressing the issue, the GP must ensure that an appropriate framework of trust, care, and empathy is in place. If this framework is present, the patient will be able to overcome his/her feelings of surprise and know that there is a safe space to talk freely about this topic.
Inter-and intra-observer reliability of scoliogauge app to assess the axial trunk rotation of scoliosis: Prospective reliability analysis study
Authors: Getnet Moges Gashaw , Jember Gashaw , Janakiraman Balamurugan 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Axial of trunk rotation is a key distinguishing feature in the diagnosis of structural scoliosis. The non-affordability, high cost, and non-availability of clinical scoliometer device and availability of the mobile application like scoliogauge to measure the angle of this rotation has led to frequent usage. However, the reliability of such applications should be assessed on the specific population before using them for screening scoliosis.

Objective:
To test the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the scoliogauge mobile application in children with scoliosis.

Methods:
Sixty-two children with a diagnosis of idiopathic scoliosis in both sexes were agreed to participate in this study. The mean age of the participant was 11.73 (±2.31) years; the mean height was 1.32 (±0.22) m and the mean weight was 31.92 (±7.82) kg. The scoliogauge measurement procedure was performed by two consultants senior musculoskeletal physiotherapists on an iPhone4 Scoliogauge. For statistical analysis, the measurements were divided by spinal levels into the upper thorax, medium thorax, lower thorax, and lumbar segments. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to determine the intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability.

Results:
The observer intra-rater reliability of axial trunk rotation of subjects measured by the scolioguage was considered excellent for the upper, lower thorax, and lumbar segments range from (ICC = 0.871 to 0.932). The inter-rater reliability of axial trunk rotation measures was considered excellent for the upper thorax segment, excellent for the lower thorax, and lumbar segments (ICC, 0.884 to 0.925), and the lowest inter-rater reliability coefficients were in the lumbar spine segments (ICC = 0.884).

Conclusion:
The scoliogauge application in the iphone device has respectable intra and inter-rater reliability. Though the intra and inter-rater reliability for the lumbar spine region is relatively lower compared to that of the thoracic spine region.

Highlights:
Does Civic Education Foster Civic Duty? A Systematic Cross-Country Analysis of the Effect of Three Forms of Civic Education on the Sense of Civic Duty to Vote
Authors: Feitosa Fernando 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article investigates if civic education can spur a sense of duty to vote and, in this way, help to augment the number of voters and diminish inequality in participation. I perform a systematic cross-country analysis of the link between different forms of civic education and civic duty, using the data from the 2016 International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) that include 23 countries. The results show that three key civic education mechanisms—civics courses, active learning strategies and open classroom environment—exert an influence on civic duty but that civics courses have the strongest effect. Country-level analyses confirm that civics courses are more influential on civic duty than the other types of civic education. This evidence elucidates which channels of school socialization may help to develop a sense of duty in adolescents, as well as the relative effect of each mechanism.
Pahalwan Baba Ramdev: Wrestling with yoga and middle-class masculinity in India
Authors: ALTER JOSEPH S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the view of many people, Baba Ramdev embodies the practice of modern yoga in twenty-first century India. A tremendously successful entrepreneur, infamous ‘godman’ with political ties, and a highly visible TV personality, he is also a vocal supporter ofpahalwani(Indian wrestling) as a way of life and of wrestling in India as a national sport. Beyond sponsorship of tournaments and support for a new professional wrestling league, he promotes a form of modern, nationalistic masculinity that draws on the ‘ideals’ of yoga, competitive athleticism, ‘Hindu’ conceptions of embodied power, and fetishized Vedic asceticism. In complex and often contradictory ways, Baba Ramdev's embodiment of these ideals shapes the bio-morality of wrestlers as they train, compete, and endorse his products. Critically analysed in terms of gender theory, his sponsorship of wrestling belies deep contradictions in religious nationalism, middle-class modernity, and in the gendered morality of both wrestling as a sport and yoga as a form of practice.
Perinatal adversity profiles and suicide attempt in adolescence and young adulthood: longitudinal analyses from two 20-year birth cohort studies
Authors: Orri Massimiliano , Russell Abigail E. , Mars Becky , Turecki Gustavo , Gunnell David , Heron Jon , Tremblay Richard E. , Boivin Michel , Nuyt Anne-Monique , Côté Sylvana M. , Geoffroy Marie-Claude 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to identify groups of children presenting distinct perinatal adversity profiles and test the association between profiles and later risk of suicide attempt.MethodsData were from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD, N = 1623), and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, N = 5734). Exposures to 32 perinatal adversities (e.g. fetal, obstetric, psychosocial, and parental psychopathology) were modeled using latent class analysis, and associations with a self-reported suicide attempt by age 20 were investigated with logistic regression. We investigated to what extent childhood emotional and behavioral problems, victimization, and cognition explained the associations.ResultsIn both cohorts, we identified five profiles: No perinatal risk, Poor fetal growth, Socioeconomic adversity, Delivery complications, Parental mental health problems (ALSPAC only). Compared to children with No perinatal risk, children in the Poor fetal growth (pooled estimate QLSCD-ALSPAC, OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.04–3.44), Socioeconomic adversity (pooled-OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08–1.85), and Parental mental health problems (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.27–2.40), but not Delivery complications, profiles were more likely to attempt suicide. The proportion of this effect mediated by the putative mediators was larger for the Socioeconomic adversity profile compared to the others.ConclusionsPerinatal adversities associated with suicide attempt cluster in distinct profiles. Suicide prevention may begin early in life and requires a multidisciplinary approach targeting a constellation of factors from different domains (psychiatric, obstetric, socioeconomic), rather than a single factor, to effectively reduce suicide vulnerability. The way these factors cluster together also determined the pathways leading to a suicide attempt, which can guide decision-making on personalized suicide prevention strategies.
Nanoplasmonic laser fusion response to Földes and Pokol
Authors: Csernai L. P. , Kroó N. , Papp I. , Strottman D. D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFöldes and Pokol in their letter “Inertial fusion without compression does not work either with or without nanoplasmonics” criticized our works. Here, we refute their argumentation. Our proposed improvement is the combination of two basic research discoveries: (i) the possibility of detonations on space-time hypersurfaces with time-like normal (i.e., simultaneous detonation in a whole volume) and (ii) to increase the ignition volume to the whole target, by regulating the laser light absorption using nanoantennas. These principles can be realized in an in-line, one-dimensional configuration, in the simplest way with two opposing laser beams as in particle colliders.
Diabetic photoreceptors: Mechanisms underlying changes in structure and function
Authors: Becker Silke , Carroll Lara S. , Vinberg Frans 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Based on clinical findings, diabetic retinopathy (DR) has traditionally been defined as a retinal microvasculopathy. Retinal neuronal dysfunction is now recognized as an early event in the diabetic retina before development of overt DR. While detrimental effects of diabetes on the survival and function of inner retinal cells, such as retinal ganglion cells and amacrine cells, are widely recognized, evidence that photoreceptors in the outer retina undergo early alterations in diabetes has emerged more recently. We review data from preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating a conserved reduction of electrophysiological function in diabetic retinas, as well as evidence for photoreceptor loss. Complementing in vivo studies, we discuss the ex vivo electroretinography technique as a useful method to investigate photoreceptor function in isolated retinas from diabetic animal models. Finally, we consider the possibility that early photoreceptor pathology contributes to the progression of DR, and discuss possible mechanisms of photoreceptor damage in the diabetic retina, such as enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and other inflammatory factors whose detrimental effects may be augmented by phototransduction.
More Trees Are Dying Due to Drought and Wildfire but Do Not Lose Sight of Forest Pathogens
Authors: Davis Frank W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAccelerated forest dieback has been documented at many locations around the world that have experienced severe drought, warming, and wildfires associated with global climate change. Exotic forest diseases pose a comparably large threat to wild forests. Synthesizing surveillance plot data to parameterize spatial epidemiological models, Cobb et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001500) estimate that the introduced invasive water mold, Phytophthora ramorum (Sudden Oak Death), has already killed 43 million trees in coastal evergreen forests of northern California and southern Oregon. Their results highlight the value of long‐term surveillance networks for monitoring and modeling the spread of invasive forest pathogens and underscore the need for stronger public policy to reduce the global spread of these extremely harmful organisms.
Quantifying Hail and Lightning Risk Factors Using Long‐Term Observations Around Australia
Authors: Dowdy Andrew J. , Soderholm Joshua , Brook Jordan , Brown Andrew , McGowan Hamish 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is a growing need to better understand and quantify risks associated with extreme weather, including severe thunderstorm‐related hazards such as hail and lightning. Hail occurrence based on a long‐term archive of radar observations is presented for the first time in many temperate and subtropical regions of Australia, together with lightning observations from a ground‐based network of sensors. Mean monthly and hourly occurrence frequencies are examined for hail and lightning. Environmental conditions obtained from hourly reanalysis data indicate stronger wind shear on average for hail than lightning. The environmental conditions also indicate higher freezing levels on average for lightning than hail. These environmental differences provide plausible physical reasons for observed differences between hail and lightning climatology through the year. The study results are intended to help inform future planning and preparedness for thunderstorm‐related risks, including for severe weather forecasting and climate risk applications.
Drainage Area, Bedrock Fracture Spacing, and Weathering Controls on Landscape‐Scale Patterns in Surface Sediment Grain Size
Authors: Neely Alexander B. , DiBiase Roman A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSediment grain size links sediment production, weathering, and fining from fractured bedrock on hillslopes to river incision and landscape relief. Yet models of sediment grain size delivery to rivers remain unconstrained due to a scarcity of field data. We analyzed how bedrock fracture spacing and hillslope weathering influence landscape‐scale patterns in surface sediment grain size across gradients of erosion rate and hillslope bedrock exposure in the San Gabriel Mountains (SGM) and northern San Jacinto Mountains (NSJM) of California, USA. Using ground‐based structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry models of 50 bedrock cliffs, we showed that fracture density is ~5 times higher in the SGM than the NSJM. 274 point‐count‐surveys of surface sediment grain size measured in the field and from imagery show a drainage area control on sediment grain size, with systematic downslope coarsening on hillslopes and in headwater‐colluvial channels transitioning to downstream fining in fluvial channels. In contrast to prior work and predictions from a hillslope weathering model, grain size does not increase smoothly with increasing erosion rate. For soil‐mantled landscapes, sediment grain size increases with increasing erosion rates; however, once bare bedrock emerges on hillslopes, sediment grain size in both the NSJM and SGM becomes insensitive to further increases in erosion rate and hillslope bedrock exposure, and instead reflects fracture spacing contrasts between the NSJM and SGM. We interpret this threshold behavior to emerge in steep landscapes due to efficient delivery of coarse sediment from bedrock hillslopes to channels and the relative immobility of coarse sediment in fluvial channels.
Efficient Leak Localization in Water Distribution Systems Using Multistage Optimal Valve Operations and Smart Demand Metering
Authors: Huang Yuan , Zheng Feifei , Kapelan Zoran , Savic Dragan , Duan Huan‐Feng , Zhang Qingzhou 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a multistage method for burst leak localization through valve operations (VOs) and smart demand metering in district meter areas (DMAs) of water distribution systems (WDSs). Each stage includes partitioning of the DMA into two subregions using VOs and identification of potentially leaking pipes within the subregions through water balance analysis based on smart demand meters. Such a process is performed repeatedly (multiple stages) to narrow down the spatial range for pinpointing leak locations. To improve efficiency, a bisection optimization problem is formulated to localize the minimum leak areas using the lowest number of VOs, which is solved by a graph theory‐based method. The utility of the proposed method is demonstrated using two DMAs (DMA1 and DMA2) of a real WDS with different topological properties. Results show that the proposed method can efficiently localize artificial burst leaks in DMA1 within 7–15% of the total pipe length, implying that the proposed method is theoretically effective in localizing pipe burst leaks. The real application to DMA2 has identified two leak regions with 2.3 and 4.2 km of pipe length (around 3–6% of the entire DMA2) using 18 VOs. These two burst leaks have been subsequently confirmed and pinpointed using listening rods by practitioners of the local water utility. These results indicate that the proposed multistage method is effective and efficient for burst leak localization, which can be promising for wide practical applications due to rapid developments of smart WDSs (e.g., smart demand meters or control valves).
Single-cell transcriptome atlas of lung adenocarcinoma featured with ground glass nodules
Authors: Lu Tao , Yang Xiaodong , Shi Yu , Zhao Mengnan , Bi Guoshu , Liang Jiaqi , Chen Zhencong , Huang Yiwei , Jiang Wei , Lin Zongwu , Xi Junjie , Wang Shuai , Yang Yong , Zhan Cheng , Wang Qun , Tan Lijie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs an early type of lung adenocarcinoma, ground glass nodule (GGN) has been detected increasingly and now accounts for most lung cancer outpatients. GGN has a satisfactory prognosis and its characteristics are quite different from solid adenocarcinoma (SADC). We compared the GGN adenocarcinoma (GGN-ADC) with SADC using the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to fully understand GGNs. The tumor samples of five patients with lung GGN-ADCs and five with SADCs underwent surgery were digested to a single-cell suspension and analyzed using 10× Genomic scRNA-seq techniques. We obtained 60,459 cells and then classified them as eight cell types, including cancer cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T cells, B cells, Nature killer cells, mast cells, and myeloid cells. We provided a comprehensive description of the cancer cells and stromal cells. We found that the signaling pathways related to cell proliferation were downregulated in GGN-ADC cancer cells, and stromal cells had different effects in GGN-ADC and SADC based on the analyses of scRNA-seq results. In GGN-ADC, the signaling pathways of angiogenesis were downregulated, fibroblasts expressed low levels of some collagens, and immune cells were more activated. Furthermore, we used flow cytometry to isolate the cancer cells and T cells in 12 GGN-ADC samples and in an equal number of SADC samples, including CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, and validated the expression of key molecules by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. Through comprehensive analyses of cell phenotypes in GGNs, we provide deep insights into lung carcinogenesis that will be beneficial in lung cancer prevention and therapy.
In situ reprogramming of gut bacteria by oral delivery
Authors: Hsu Bryan B. , Plant Isaac N. , Lyon Lorena , Anastassacos Frances M. , Way Jeffrey C. , Silver Pamela A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAbundant links between the gut microbiota and human health indicate that modification of bacterial function could be a powerful therapeutic strategy. The inaccessibility of the gut and inter-connections between gut bacteria and the host make it difficult to precisely target bacterial functions without disrupting the microbiota and/or host physiology. Herein we describe a multidisciplinary approach to modulate the expression of a specific bacterial gene within the gut by oral administration. We demonstrate that an engineered temperate phage λ expressing a programmable dCas9 represses a targeted E. coli gene in the mammalian gut. To facilitate phage administration while minimizing disruption to host processes, we develop an aqueous-based encapsulation formulation with a microbiota-based release mechanism and show that it facilitates oral delivery of phage in vivo. Finally we combine these technologies and show that bacterial gene expression in the mammalian gut can be precisely modified in situ with a single oral dose.
Changing travel patterns in China during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gibbs Hamish , Liu Yang , Pearson Carl A. B. , Jarvis Christopher I. , Grundy Chris , Quilty Billy J. , Diamond Charlie ,   LSHTM CMMID COVID-19 working group, Simons David , Gimma Amy , Leclerc Quentin J. , Auzenbergs Megan , Lowe Rachel , O’Reilly Kathleen , Quaife Matthew , Hellewell Joel , Knight Gwenan M. , Jombart Thibaut , Klepac Petra , Procter Simon R. , Deol Arminder K. , Rees Eleanor M. , Flasche Stefan , Kucharski Adam J. , Abbott Sam , Sun Fiona Yueqian , Endo Akira , Medley Graham , Munday James D. , Meakin Sophie R. , Bosse Nikos I. , Edmunds W. John , Davies Nicholas G. , Prem Kiesha , Hué Stéphane , Villabona-Arenas C. Julian , Nightingale Emily S. , Houben Rein M. G. J. , Foss Anna M. , Tully Damien C. , Emery Jon C. , van Zandvoort Kevin , Atkins Katherine E. , Rosello Alicia , Funk Sebastian , Jit Mark , Clifford Samuel , Russell Timothy W. , Eggo Rosalind M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding changes in human mobility in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial for assessing the impacts of travel restrictions designed to reduce disease spread. Here, relying on data from mainland China, we investigate the spatio-temporal characteristics of human mobility between 1st January and 1st March 2020, and discuss their public health implications. An outbound travel surge from Wuhan before travel restrictions were implemented was also observed across China due to the Lunar New Year, indicating that holiday travel may have played a larger role in mobility changes compared to impending travel restrictions. Holiday travel also shifted healthcare pressure related to COVID-19 towards locations with lower healthcare capacity. Network analyses showed no sign of major changes in the transportation network after Lunar New Year. Changes observed were temporary and did not lead to structural reorganisation of the transportation network during the study period.
Understanding high pressure molecular hydrogen with a hierarchical machine-learned potential
Authors: Zong Hongxiang , Wiebe Heather , Ackland Graeme J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe hydrogen phase diagram has several unusual features which are well reproduced by density functional calculations. Unfortunately, these calculations do not provide good physical insights into why those features occur. Here, we present a fast interatomic potential, which reproduces the molecular hydrogen phases: orientationally disordered Phase I; broken-symmetry Phase II and reentrant melt curve. The H2 vibrational frequency drops at high pressure because of increased coupling between neighbouring molecules, not bond weakening. Liquid H2 is denser than coexisting close-packed solid at high pressure because the favored molecular orientation switches from quadrupole-energy-minimizing to steric-repulsion-minimizing. The latter allows molecules to get closer together, without the atoms getting closer, but cannot be achieved within in a close-packed layer due to frustration. A similar effect causes negative thermal expansion. At high pressure, rotation is hindered in Phase I, such that it cannot be regarded as a molecular rotor phase.