bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of depression among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Admassu Zerihun , Chen Sikky Shiqi , Logie Carmen H. , Okumu Moses , MacKenzie Frannie , Hakiza Robert , Musoke Daniel Kibuuka , Katisi Brenda , Nakitende Aidah , Kyambadde Peter , Mbuagbaw Lawrence 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
There is a high prevalence of depression among refugee youth in low- and middle-income countries, yet depression trajectories are understudied. This study examined depression trajectories, and factors associated with trajectories, among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal cohort study with refugee youth aged 16–24 in Kampala, Uganda. We assessed depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and conducted latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to identify depression trajectories. Sociodemographic and socioecological factors were examined as predictors of trajectory clusters using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Data were collected from n = 164 participants (n = 89 cisgender women, n = 73 cisgender men, n = 2 transgender persons; mean age: 19.9, standard deviation: 2.5 at seven timepoints; n = 1,116 observations). Two distinct trajectory clusters were identified: “sustained low depression level” (n = 803, 71.9%) and “sustained high depression level” (n = 313, 28.1%). Sociodemographic (older age, gender [cisgender women vs. cisgender men], longer time in Uganda), and socioecological (structural: unemployment, food insecurity; interpersonal: parenthood, recent intimate partner violence) factors were significantly associated with the sustained high trajectory of depression.

Conclusions
The chronicity of depression highlights the critical need for early depression screening with urban refugee youth in Kampala. Addressing multilevel depression drivers prompts age and gender-tailored strategies and considering social determinants of health.
Validation and generalizability of an asymptomatic bacteriuria metric in critical access hospitals
Authors: Imlay Hannah , Ciarkowski Claire E. , Bryson-Cahn Chloe , Chan Jeannie D. , Hartlage Whitney P. , Hersh Adam L. , Lynch John B. , Martinez-Paz Natalia , Spivak Emily S. , Hardin Hannah , White Andrea T. , Wu Chaorong , Kassamali Escobar Zahra , Vaughn Valerie M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjective:Inappropriate diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) contribute to antibiotic overuse. The Inappropriate Diagnosis of UTI (ID-UTI) measure uses a standard definition of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and was validated in large hospitals. Critical access hospitals (CAHs) have different resources which may make ASB stewardship challenging. To address this inequity, we adapted the ID-UTI metric for use in CAHs and assessed the adapted measure’s feasibility, validity, and reliability.Design:Retrospective observational studyParticipants:10 CAHsMethods:From October 2022 to July 2023, CAHs submitted clinical information for adults admitted or discharged from the emergency department who received antibiotics for a positive urine culture. Feasibility of case submission was assessed as the number of CAHs achieving the goal of 59 cases. Validity (sensitivity/specificity) and reliability of the ID-UTI definition were assessed by dual-physician review of a random sample of submitted cases.Results:Among 10 CAHs able to participate throughout the study period, only 40% (4/10) submitted >59 cases (goal); an additional 3 submitted >35 cases (secondary goal). Per the ID-UTI metric, 28% (16/58) of cases were ASB. Compared to physician review, the ID-UTI metric had 100% specificity (ie all cases called ASB were ASB on clinical review) but poor sensitivity (48.5%; ie did not identify all ASB cases). Measure reliability was high (93% [54/58] agreement).Conclusions:Similar to measure performance in non-CAHs, the ID-UTI measure had high reliability and specificity—all cases identified as ASB were considered ASB—but poor sensitivity. Though feasible for a subset of CAHs, barriers remain.
Anticipating Biopreservation Technologies that Pause Biological Time: Building Governance & Coordination Across Applications
Authors: Wolf Susan M. , Pruett Timothy L. , McVan Claire Colby , Brister Evelyn , Callier Shawneequa L. , Capron Alexander M. , Childress James F. , Goodwin Michele Bratcher , Hyun Insoo , Isasi Rosario , Maynard Andrew D. , Oye Kenneth A. , Thompson Paul B. , Tiersch Terrence R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdvanced biopreservation technologies using subzero approaches such as supercooling, partial freezing, and vitrification with reanimating techniques including nanoparticle infusion and laser rewarming are rapidly emerging as technologies with potential to radically disrupt biomedicine, research, aquaculture, and conservation. These technologies could pause biological time and facilitate large-scale banking of biomedical products including organs, tissues, and cell therapies.
Decrecimiento y agroecología: La experiencia del Movimiento de Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra (MST) en campamentos y asentamientos rurales en el Gran São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Nogueira Aico , Sorrentino Marcos 
Published: December 2024

Resumen
Este artículo analiza la importancia de los movimientos sociales rurales en los procesos de transición de la agricultura convencional hacia prácticas agro-sostenibles. A la luz del concepto de decrecimiento, a través de un análisis comparativo entre cuatro unidades rurales (campamento/asentamientos) con y sin presencia del Movimiento de los Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra (MST) en el Gran São Paulo, la investigación reflexiona sobre la presencia de elementos esenciales para los procesos de transición agroecológica en estas comunidades, explorando los datos históricos y constitutivos de las prácticas sociales agrícolas que allí se implementan. Identificando la importancia de los procesos de formación política y técnica, como base para las acciones emprendidas por el MST en el campo de la sostenibilidad, este trabajo analiza la experiencia de los campamentos del Movimiento como loci que forman los sujetos sin tierra, capaces de emprender acciones agro-sostenibles. El presente artículo concluye con reflexiones sobre la relevancia de las teorías del decrecimiento para analizar los procesos de transición agroecológica, así como sobre las medidas educativas ambientales como elementos fundamentales de las políticas públicas destinadas a la construcción de sociedades más igualitarias, autónomas, inclusivas y sostenibles.
Fetal dependency on maternal fatty acids: a pilot study in human pregnancies using the natural abundance variation of 13C
Authors: Manuela Simonato , Giovanna Verlato , Silvia Visentin , Cosmi Erich , Sartori Anna , Sauer Pieter , Correani Alessio , Paola Cogo , Virgilio Carnielli 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe extent of de-novo biosynthesis of non-essential fatty acids (FA) and the endogenous biosynthesis of long chain PUFA in human fetuses remain largely unknown. We used natural variations in the 13C:12C (δ 13C) of plasma phospholipids of the woman at delivery and of cord blood to infer fetal biosynthesis of FA. We studied thirty-nine mother–fetus pairs with uncomplicated pregnancies and term delivery. Eighteen women were supplemented with DHA, from pregnancy week 20 until delivery, sourced from an algae (n 13) or fish oil (n 5), each with slightly different 13C content. Twenty-one women did not receive DHA supplementation. We measured the δ 13C value of selected phospholipid FA (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6 and C22:6n-3) in maternal and cord plasma samples at delivery using isotope ratio MS. We found significant linear correlations for δ 13C values of FA between mothers and their fetuses (C16:0, r = 0·8535; C18:0, r = 0·9099; C18:1n-9, r = 0·8079; C18:2n-6, r = 0·9466; C20:4n-6, r = 0·9257 and C22:6n-3, r = 0·9706). Women supplemented with algal DHA had significantly lower DHA δ 13C values in their plasma phospholipids than those supplemented with fish DHA or those who did not receive DHA supplementation (P < 0·001). There was no significant difference in δ 13C values of FA between women at delivery and their fetuses. These findings strongly suggest that the human fetus is highly dependent on the placental transport of maternal plasma FA, particularly DHA. The limited fetal biosynthesis of major FA emphasises the crucial role of maternal nutrition and placental well-being in fetal development.
Developing a nutrition resource for midwives, incorporating a patient and public involvement approach
Authors: Charnley M , Stone G , Abayomi J 
Published: December 2024

UK antenatal guidelines state that midwives should discuss nutrition, diet, and vitamin supplementation at booking-in appointments(1). Our earlier research suggests that this rarely happens(2). Participant and Public Involvement (PPI), enhances research by making it more meaningful and reliable. This study incorporated PPI to elicit the experiences of postnatal women regarding the nutrition and weight management advice they received during antenatal care and their opinions regarding the design of a future resource for midwives.Eight postnatal women were recruited from a Children’s Centre in Liverpool. They were asked questions by one researcher, about: a) any nutrition advice given by midwives during their antenatal care and b) their opinions regarding the development of a nutrition resource for midwives in future. Notes of the conversations were made by a second researcher; these were then transcribed and analysed thematically. Participants were given a shopping voucher to thank them for their input.Regarding the development of a resource, three themes were identified: 1) Factual information, 2) The Midwives approach, 3) Include us. They identified that they wanted more in-depth facts from midwives, particularly regarding key nutrients and food that should be included in a healthy diet “Good nutrition grows babies”. However, they felt that midwives needed to improve their approach to discussing diet and weight, to include more empathy and sensitivity, as women often felt judged or anxious by comments that were made “It’s not what they say – it’s the way they say it”. Finally, they agreed that their voices should be included in the development of a resource, with midwives and service users coming together to share their views “Get them [midwives] involved in something like this”.All women agreed that a nutrition resource for midwives was needed as they were dissatisfied with the advice they received. They wanted less focus on food safety/food to avoid and increased emphasis on food and essential nutrients to include. Involving the expertise of dietitians/nutritionists in the resource would help to address knowledge gaps and inconsistencies. Midwives would benefit from training regarding sensitive weight management advice too, as weight was rarely discussed or was approached in a distressing way. This has been documented elsewhere with the recommendation that training regarding sensitive weight management advice should be included in the midwifery curriculum and mandatory training(3). Support and expertise from a health psychologist would help to develop this aspect of the resource. Including the experiences and opinions of service users alongside midwives will be vital to the success of developing a suitable resource for midwives, so ongoing PPI activities need to be considered.
Women’s dietary changes before and during pregnancy: a systematic review update.
Authors: Hillier SE. , Olander EK. 
Published: December 2024

Dietary intake before and during pregnancy has significant health outcomes for both mother and baby(1). Before developing effective interventions to improve dietary intake during pregnancy, it is important to understand what dietary changes pregnant women make without intervention. This study aims to provide an update from the Hillier and Olander, 2017(2) systematic review, examining women’s dietary changes before and during pregnancy and to identify characteristics of the women making these changes.A systematic search strategy was employed using EBSCO database, from May 2016 to October 2023 to capture those published after the 2017 systematic review(2). Search terms included those relating to preconception, pregnancy, diet and food intake. All papers were quality assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network methodology checklist for cohort studies. The search revealed 726 articles, narrowed to full-text review of 36 studies. In total, 11 research articles were included in the review. The findings were narratively summarised in line with the aims of the review.The included studies continued to showed marked heterogeneity, which impacts on the findings. Two studies that reported energy and macronutrient intake data, both describe a significant increase in energy intake (100-600 kJ) during pregnancy potentially explained through an increase in carbohydrate intake (%TEI). Of the studies who reported changes in food group analysis (n = 10), a majority report an increase in fruit and vegetable intake with a reduction in fish, processed meat, fried food and caffeine consumption during pregnancy. Adherence to healthy eating index and diet diversity scores were reported in 6 studies and indicated minimal improvement between preconception and pregnancy scores. The characteristics of the women participating in these studies continues to suggest that increased age and education status remain associated with healthier dietary changes; with physical activity and screentime also to be considered however these factors were not assessed in all studies included.The included articles show varied results in dietary intake during pregnancy as compared to before, this outcome was similar to the 11 studies included in the 2017 review(2). The updated review demonstrates a development in data analysis strategy, including healthy eating index rather than limiting to specific changes in individual energy and macronutrients. Future research is needed on related changes women and their partners make to their eating behaviour before, during and after pregnancy, not solely what they eat at different time points(3). These changes include frequency and quantity, time and place of eating, eating circumstance, eating preparation(3). Above and beyond this, most determinants identified were on individual level(3), and more focus on environmental and policy factors are important.
Using mixed methods to explore dietary intake in women with recurrent miscarriage: integrating Participant Public Involvement in the research design
Authors: Koroma Fatima , Charnock Jayne , Bambang Katerina , Abayomi Julie 
Published: December 2024

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is defined as 3 or more consecutive pregnancy losses, prior to 24 weeks gestation(1). In the UK, RM currently affects 1 in 100 (1%) of couples who are trying to conceive(2). At present there is limited information regarding the role of nutrition in the occurrence of RM and on the dietary intake of women who have experienced RM. Thus, investigating links between dietary intake, gene expression, and pregnancy outcomes is crucial. Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) is considered important in health research since it enhances the quality, relevance, impact, and integrity of research activities(3). RM is a sensitive issue, so incorporating the views of service-users in the research design is important. The main aims of this study were to understand the views of women with RM on the proposed research and to strengthen the design by integrating their suggestions.The main study will aim to use mixed methods to explore the dietary intake of women with RM to determine if there is a relationship between achieving Dietary Reference Values or not, placental health, and pregnancy outcomes (if pregnancy is achieved). For PPI, women were recruited from a specialised recurrent miscarriage clinic in a hospital located in North-West England. Four women participated in a virtual PPI session and were asked for their views on the proposed research design. The session was recorded and transcribed using Microsoft Teams transcription. The researcher initiated the session by presenting a breakdown of the study design, followed by an explanation of its aims and rationale. Participants were queried about their perspectives on the study design through a series of questions. Participants were sent a £20 e-voucher, aligning with INVOLVE guidelines(3).Participants stressed the significance of the research given the absence of nutrition guidance for women with RM. They approved the sensitive recruitment approach and expressed interest in joining the study. However, concerns emerged regarding women who have experienced RM following IVF treatment, and whether they would be ‘eligible for inclusion or not’. Participants suggested extending the food diary duration from 3 to 5 days for better accuracy in reflecting their eating habits. This was not viewed as overly burdensome, and they suggested that such activities could serve as ‘a distraction’ during ‘early pregnancy anxiety’.A limitation of this study was the small number of participants. However, this PPI approach further strengthened the research design, as the study design was revised to integrate the suggestions made by the women, including aligning the eligibility criteria to include women who had undergone IVF and experienced RM. Additionally, the food diary duration was extended from 3 to 5 days, which will result in the collection of better-quality dietary data, without risking compliance fatigue.
Identifying barriers to maternal care in mothers from black, minority ethnic and refugee communities in Islington
Authors: Aghili A. , Harding J. , Illingworth S.J. , Wood P. , Bhakta D. 
Published: December 2024

Maternal death rate in the UK has risen sharply and reached levels above those observed in the previous 20 years. Between 2020 and 2022 there were 13.41 deaths for every 100,000 maternity cases compared to 8.79 deaths per 100,000 cases in 2017–19(1). In conjunction with this, maternal mortality rates show significant disparities: women from black ethnic backgrounds have a three times higher risk of dying as mothers than white women(2). The maternal death rate for women in the most deprived areas is twice that of those residing in the least deprived areas(3) emphasising the need for ongoing efforts to close these gaps.Located in Islington, Manor Gardens is a unique charity committed to improving maternal health by offering essential support services to expectant women. Their programmes include providing pre and postnatal care, mental health assistance, nutrition guidance, and access to health care professionals.The aim of this study was to combine quantitative analysis of the charity’s maternity information system with qualitative interviews to evaluate the maternity services provided by the charity. Specifically, the study sought to assess service utilisation, explore user experiences and perceptions of their maternity care experiences.Ethical approval was obtained from the London Metropolitan University to analyse the data from the charity’s maternity information system. We included women who used their services from 2019 to 2023. In addition to this, eight opportunistic face -to- face interviews were undertaken and thematically analysed to understand the impact of cultural and socioeconomic factors on their maternity care experience.We identified 256 women had accessed the charity’s services of whom 70 were included in our report due to incomplete data. Forty-nine percent (n = 34) of women were identified as having minority ethnicities, 35% as other and 16% as white. Forty-six percent (n = 32) did not speak English or had basic English. Social isolation, domestic abuse, seeking asylum, unsuitable housing and not having a bank account were among the barriers which prevented access to healthcare. Only 19% confirmed they had registered with a GP.The thematic analysis identified the following themes: Migration and Settlement Experience,Cultural Barriers, Healthcare Experience, Maternity Care and Postpartum Challenges and Support Systems. The interviews revealed the experiences of mothers, marked by social isolation, language and cultural barriers impacting understanding of healthcare procedures, struggles following childbirth magnified by impoverished living standards. These highlight the importance of effective support systems and culturally sensitive health care.Our findings suggest that by supporting maternal health, Manor Gardens Charity has the potential to identify barriers which can adversely impact the lives of many women and their families within a deprived community.
Environmental impact of blue water use by adults aged 18-64 on the Island of Ireland
Authors: Leighton V. , Griffin H. , McNulty B. A. , Wright D. , Brennan L. , Nugent A.P. 
Published: December 2024

Blue water is sourced from rivers, lakes, and reservoirs and is used for drinking water, growing crops, and food production(1). Approximately 75% of blue water use (BWU) comes from food systems(2). Dietary change is necessary to meet net zero BWU sustainability goals by 2050(3). While there is some information on diet-associated BWU for the Republic of Ireland (ROI)(4), BWU across the Island of Ireland is unknown. This study aimed to quantify the environmental impact of BWU of daily diets across adults aged 18-64 on the Island of Ireland, to determine population characteristics, nutrient intakes and key food sources influencing emissions.The Northern Ireland sub cohort of the UK National Dietary Nutrition Survey (2016-2019)(5)and the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (2008-2010)(6) were analysed. Information on food and nutrient intakes was extracted from four-day food diaries for a total of 1,484 adults aged 18-64 years. BWU values were assigned for each food(7) and the population was grouped into tertiles of low (T1), medium (T2), and high (T3) BWU. Differences in population characteristics, key nutrients (%TE or per 10MJ) and contributing food sources were examined across these tertiles. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and one-way ANOVA with covariates (age, BMI, Sex, Survey type and social class) and correcting for multiple comparisons as appropriate (P<0.001).BWU for the Island of Ireland was 481.9 ± 440.4 L/day, 524.7 ± 448.0 L/day for Northern Ireland and 474.9 ± 438.6 L/day for the ROI and 100% of the population did not exceed the BWU planetary boundary of ≤786 L/day(8). Males had a higher contribution to the total BWU than females on the Island of Ireland (513.3 ± 482.2 L/day vs 453.2 ± 385.8 L/day). ‘Tea, coffee and water’ (76%), ‘rice and rice dishes’ (4%) and ‘fruit and fruit juice’ (2.5%) were the greatest contributors to BWU. When tertile analysis was performed, BWU from ‘tea, coffee and water’ was significantly higher for T3 at 837 ± 468.8 L/day versus T1 (57 ± 50.9 L/Day), this was similar for ‘rice and rice dishes’, where BWU in T3 was 26.3 ± 44.0 L/Day versus T1 (13.3 ± 25.2 L/Day). When nutritional analysis was performed, differences (P<0.001) across tertiles of BWU were observed for energy (11% increase between tertile 1 and 3), magnesium (12% increase across tertiles) and potassium (8% increase across tertiles).Overall, a shift to more sustainable diets is needed to prevent BWU boundaries being exceeded in the future. By filling a literature gap on the environmental impact of the Northern Irish diet, this study complements previous research on the ROI, offering a comprehensive view of the BWU footprint and providing a basis for the development of strategies to improve diet-related BWU on the Island of Ireland.