bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformational leadership and human resource development: Linking employee learning, job satisfaction, and organizational performance
Authors: Akdere Mesut , Egan Toby 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis large‐scale study (n = 5,349) explores a long‐standing, but rarely validated value chain. Since the inception of human resource development (HRD), the intersection between top organizational leadership, HRD, and organizational performance outcomes has been emphasized by scholars and practitioners. Leadership has been highlighted as the key catalyst both in encouraging employee learning and performance and in formulating an HRD supportive culture toward key organizational outcomes. However, there is a dearth of empirical studies that have focused on the intersection of leadership, HRD, and organizational performance, and virtually no studies have systematically investigated specific leadership practices, such as transformational leadership (TL). We explore the intersection between TL, HRD, and organizational performance by engaging 3,474 employees and 1,875 customers from 69 healthcare locations in the United States. Ideally, transformational leaders encourage followers to enrich their knowledge, skills, and abilities in order to increase individual and shared learning to advance organizational performance. A major organizational support function toward such employee development is HRD and its core domains—learning and performance. Those organizations fostering excellence in learning and performance have been identified as having strong organizational HRD cultures. The study reported herein supported that TL behaviors aligned to support HRD culture through leader support of employee learning and performance in the US healthcare context. Organizational HRD culture was found to align with key positive employee and customer‐reported performance outcomes. Implications for leadership and HRD research, theory, and practice are explicated.
Investigation of the elevation of saltwater wedge due to subsurface dams
Authors: Chang Qinpeng , Zheng Tianyuan , Chen Youyuan , Zheng Xilai , Walther Marc 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSubsurface dams are rather effective and used for the prevention of saltwater intrusion in coastal regions around the world. We carried out the laboratory experiments to investigate the elevation of saltwater wedge after the construction of subsurface dams. The elevation of saltwater wedge refers to the upward movement of the downstream saltwater wedge because the subsurface dams obstruct the regional groundwater flow and reduce the freshwater discharge. Consequently, the saltwater wedge cannot further extend in the longitudinal direction but rises in the vertical profile resulting in significant downstream aquifer salinization. In order to quantitatively address this issue, field‐scale numerical simulations were conducted to explore the influence of various dam heights, distances, and hydraulic gradients on the elevation of saltwater wedge. Our investigation shows that the upward movement of the saltwater wedge and its areal extension in the vertical domain of the downstream aquifer become more severe with a higher dam and performed a great dependence on the freshwater discharge. Furthermore, the increase of the hydraulic gradient and the dam distance from the sea boundary leads to a more pronounced wedge elevation. This phenomenon comes from the variation of the freshwater discharge due to the modification of dam height, location, and hydraulic gradient. Large freshwater discharge can generate greater repulsive force to restrain the elevation of saltwater wedge. These conclusions provide theoretical references for the behaviour of the freshwater–seawater interface after the construction of subsurface dams and help optimize the design strategy to better utilize the coastal groundwater resources.
Frequency and diagnostic outcome of bilateral recall at screening mammography
Authors: Lameijer Joost R. C. , Nederend Joost , Voogd Adri C. , Tjan‐Heijnen Vivianne C. G. , Duijm Lucien E. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOur study was performed to determine the frequency of recall for bilateral breast lesions at screening mammography and compare its outcome with respect to unilateral recall. We included 329 132 screening mammograms (34 889 initial screens and 294 243 subsequent screens) from a Dutch screening mammography program between January 2013 and January 2018. During a 2‐year follow‐up, we collected radiological data, pathology reports and surgical reports of all recalled women. At bilateral recall, the lesion with the highest Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System score was used as the index lesion when comparing screening mammography characteristics at bilateral vs unilateral recall. A total of 9806 women were recalled at screening (recall rate, 3.0%). Bilateral recall comprised 2.8% (271/9806) of all recalls. Biopsy was more frequently performed after bilateral recall than unilateral recall (54.6% [148/271] vs 44.1% [4201/9535], P < .001), yielding a lower positive predictive value (PPV) of biopsy after bilateral recall (42.6% vs 51.7%, P = .029). The PPV of recall was comparable for both groups (23.2% [63/271] vs 22.8% [2173/9535], P = .85). Invasive cancers after bilateral recall were larger than those diagnosed after unilateral recall (P = .02), but histological subtype, histologic grading, receptor status and proportions of lymph node positive cancers were comparable. Bilateral recall infrequently occurs at screening mammography. Biopsy is more frequently performed following bilateral recall, but the PPV of recall is similar for unilateral and bilateral recall. Invasive cancers of both groups show comparable pathological features except of a larger tumor size after bilateral recall.
Deoxyshikonin inhibits cisplatin resistance of non–small‐cell lung cancer cells by repressing Akt‐mediated ABCB1 expression and function
Authors: Zhang Suhong , Wang Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDrug resistance is a large challenge for the treatment of non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Deoxyshikonin is the naphthoquinol compound with anticancer activity. However, the role and mechanism of deoxyshikonin in cisplatin resistance of NSCLC remain poorly understood. Cell viability was assessed using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and caspase‐3 activity. We found that cisplatin‐resistant A549/cis and H1299/cis cells had higher cisplatin resistance than A549 and H1299 cells, respectively. Deoxyshikonin contributed to cisplatin‐induced viability inhibition and apoptosis in A549/cis and H1299/cis cells. Moreover, deoxyshikonin inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and the expression and function of ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1). Activation of protein kinase B (Akt) pathway attenuated the effect of deoxyshikonin on cisplatin resistance and ABCB1 expression and function in A549/cis and H1299/cis cells. In conclusion, deoxyshikonin suppressed cisplatin resistance in cisplatin‐resistant NSCLC cells by repressing Akt signaling‐mediated ABCB1 expression.
Use of dual lumen ports for red blood cell exchange: A comparison of adults and children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Su Leon , Nizzi Frank , Jamshidi Ramin , Gomez Esteban , Perumbeti Ajay , Mirea Lucia , Shah Sanjay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeSickle cell patients receiving chronic RBC exchange require a form of long‐term central venous access if peripheral access is inadequate. In adults, dual lumen (DL) ports have been utilized but associated with greater procedure complications and duration when compared to other forms of access. In the pediatric sickle cell population, the use of DL ports for RBC exchange has not been well described. In this retrospective cohort study, RBC exchange procedures utilizing DL ports in the pediatric vs adult sickle cell population were compared.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for 685 RBC exchange procedures performed on 25 patients (11 pediatric and 14 adult) between November 2014 to November 2018. Patient‐level characteristics and outcomes were compared between pediatric and adult patients using the Fisher‐exact and Wilcoxon‐rank sum test. Linear/logistic regression models examined procedure‐level parameters and port characteristics with adjustment for clustering.ResultsCompared to adults, pediatric patients had slower average maximum inlet speed (42 vs 53 mL/min, P < .01), but shorter procedure time (60 vs 75 minutes, P < .01) and lower rate of access alarms (1% vs 11%, P < .01). Overall, 0.29 thrombotic events per 1000 port days and 0.04 infections per 1000 port days were observed.ConclusionFor adult and pediatric sickle cell patients, a DL port provides a viable option for RBC exchange. In comparison to adults, pediatric procedures with a DL port will typically be shorter and with less procedural complications due to smaller blood volumes and lower flow requirements.
4‐Hydroxy‐2‐nonenal attenuates 8‐oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 activity
Authors: Pan Guodong , Deshpande Mandar , Pang Haiyan , Stemmer Paul M. , Carruthers Nicholas J. , Shearn Colin T. , Backos Donald S. , Palaniyandi Suresh S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElevated cellular oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage are key contributors to impaired cardiac function in diabetes. During chronic inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced lipid peroxidation results in the formation of reactive aldehydes, foremost of which is 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (4HNE). 4HNE forms covalent adducts with proteins, negatively impacting cellular protein function. During conditions of elevated oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage such as modification by 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) is repaired by 8‐oxoguanine glycosylase‐1 (OGG‐1). Based on these facts, we hypothesized that 4HNE forms adducts with OGG‐1 inhibiting its activity, and thus, increases the levels of 8OHG in diabetic heart tissues. To test our hypothesis, we evaluated OGG‐1 activity, 8OHG and 4HNE in the hearts of leptin receptor deficient db/db mice, a type‐2 diabetic model. We also treated the recombinant OGG‐1 with 4HNE to measure direct adduction. We found decreased OGG‐1 activity (P > .05), increased 8OHG (P > .05) and increased 4HNE adducts (P > .05) along with low aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 activity (P > .05). The increased colocalization of OGG‐1 and 4HNE in cardiomyocytes suggest 4HNE adduction on OGG‐1. Furthermore, colocalization of 8OHG and OGG‐1 with mitochondrial markers TOM 20 and aconitase, respectively, indicated significant levels of oxidatively‐induced mtDNA damage and implicated a role for mitochondrial OGG‐1 function. In vitro exposure of recombinant OGG‐1 (rOGG‐1) with increasing concentrations of 4HNE resulted in a concentration‐dependent decrease in OGG‐1 activity. Mass spectral analysis of trypsin digests of 4HNE‐treated rOGG‐1 identified 4HNE adducts on C28, C75, C163, H179, H237, C241, K249, H270, and H282. In silico molecular modeling of 4HNE‐K249 OGG‐1 and 4HNE‐H270 OGG‐1 mechanistically supported 4HNE‐mediated enzymatic inhibition of OGG‐1. In conclusion, these data support the hypothesis that inhibition of OGG‐1 by direct modification by 4HNE contributes to decreased OGG‐1 activity and increased 8OHG‐modified DNA that are present in the diabetic heart.
Peptidyl inhibition of Spt4‐Spt5: Protein‐protein inhibitors for targeting the transcriptional pathway related to C9orf72 expansion repeats
Authors: Rayevsky Alexey , Platonov Maxim , Hurmach Vasyl , Yakovenko Anastasia , Volochnyuk Dmitriy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpt4/Spt5 is an useful target as it is likely a transcription factor that has implications for long non‐coding RNA repeats related to frontotemporal dementia (FTD) found in the C9orf72 disease pathology. Inhibitors for Spt4/Spt5 using peptides as a starting point for assays as a means for developing small molecules, which could likely lead to therapeutic development for inhibition for Spt4/Spt5 with CNS characteristics. To elucidate the specific steps of identification and modification of key interacting residues from Spt4/Spt5 complex with further effect prediction, a set of different computational methods was applied. Newly characterized, theoretically derived peptides docked on Spt4/Spt5 models, based on X‐ray crystallography sources, allowed us to complete molecular dynamics simulations and docking studies for peptide libraries that give us high confident set of peptides for use to screen for Spt4/Spt5 inhibition. Several peptides with increased specificity to the Spt4/Spt5 interface were found and can be screened in cell‐based assays and enzymatic assays for peptide screens that lead to small molecule campaigns. Spt4/Spt5 comprises an attractive target for neurological diseases, and applying these peptides into a screening campaign will promote the goal of therapeutic searches for FTD drug discovery.
Halogenation and anomerization of glycopyranoside by TESH/bromine and BHQ/bromine
Authors: Xu Lai , Luo Chin‐Hung , Chen Chien‐Sheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTreatment of peracetylated glycosides and β‐isopropyl glycosides with halogen in the presence of TESH and BHQ has been found to result in the halogenation and the anomerization, respectively. Peracetylatedglycosides treaded with I2/TESH or Br2/TESH leading tothe formation of corresponding glycosyl halides, and b‐isopropyl glycosidesreacted with Br2/BHQ resulting in the formation of a‐glycosides. The anomerizationof glycosidic bond was considered to be catalyzed by in situ formation of hydrogenbromide from the mixing of Br2/BHQ.
High percentage of smudge cells in a patient with COVID19: Rediscovering their utility
Authors: Jerez Joaquín , Ernst Daniel M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a patient with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with an unexpected presence of lymphocytosis. Examination of blood film revealed mature small lymphocytes associated with high percentage of smudge cells (63%). A peripheral flow cyometry evidenced a CD5 negative CLL. A high percentage of smudge cells is associated with CLL diagnosis and has an important prognostic value: better survival and prolonged time to first treatment. It is a useful index in developing countries with low access to molecular testing.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of published cases reveals the natural disease history in multiple sulfatase deficiency
Authors: Schlotawa Lars , Preiskorn Joana , Ahrens‐Nicklas Rebecca , Schiller Stina , Adang Laura A. , Gärtner Jutta , Friede Tim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultiple Sulfatase Deficiency (MSD, MIM#272200) is an ultra‐rare lysosomal storage disorder arising from mutations in the SUMF1 gene, which encodes the formylglycine‐generating enzyme (FGE). FGE is necessary for the activation of sulfatases, a family of enzymes that are involved in the degradation of sulfated substrates such as glycosaminoglycans and sulfolipids. SUMF1 mutations lead to functionally impaired FGE and individuals with MSD demonstrate clinical signs of single sulfatase deficiencies, including metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) and several mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) subtypes. Comprehensive information related to the natural history of MSD is missing. We completed a systematic literature review and a meta‐analysis on data from published cases reporting on MSD. As available from these reports, we extracted clinical, genetic, biochemical, and brain imaging information. We identified 75 publications with data on 143 MSD patients with a total of 53 unique SUMF1 mutations. The mean survival was 13 years (95% CI 9.8‐16.2 years). Seventy‐five clinical signs and 11 key clusters of signs were identified. The most frequently affected organs systems were the nervous, skeletal, and integumentary systems. The most frequent MRI features were abnormal myelination and cerebral atrophy. Individuals with later onset MSD signs and survived longer than those with signs at birth. Less severe mutations, low disease burden and achievement of independent walking positively correlated with longer survival. Despite the limitations of our approach, we were able to define clinical characteristics and disease outcomes in MSD. This work will provide the foundation of natural disease history data needed for future clinical trial design.
Relational Strategies for Teaching Multicultural Courses in Counselor Education
Authors: Dorn‐Medeiros Cort M. , Christensen Jeffrey K. , Lértora Ian M. , Croffie Alexis L. 
Published: July 2020

Multicultural courses pose several challenges for counselor educators. This article presents a rationale for using a relational approach to teaching multicultural courses and includes 3 classroom activities based in relational pedagogy and relational‐cultural theory. By using a relational approach, counselor educators can encourage students to become more engaged, more self‐motivated, and more willing to take risks in the pursuit of learning inclusive, competent, and culturally aware counseling practice.Los cursos multiculturales presentan varios retos para los educadores de consejeros. Este artículo presenta un razonamiento para el uso de un enfoque relacional en la enseñanza de cursos multiculturales e incluye 3 actividades para el aula basadas en la pedagogía relacional y la teoría relacional‐cultural. Mediante el uso de un enfoque relacional, los educadores de consejeros pueden animar a sus estudiantes a estar más involucrados, motivados y dispuestos a asumir riesgos en su esfuerzo por aprender una práctica de la consejería que sea culturalmente inclusiva, competente y consciente.
Ontogeny and potential function of poacher armor (Actinopterygii: Agonidae)
Authors: Kruppert Sebastian , Chu Fabien , Stewart Morgan C. , Schmitz Lars , Summers Adam P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany vertebrates are armored over all or part of their body. The armor may serve several functional roles including defense, offense, visual display, and signal of experience/capability. Different roles imply different tradeoffs; for example, defensive armor usually trades resistance to attack for maneuverability. The poachers (Agonidae), 47 species of scorpaeniform fishes, are a useful system for understanding the evolution and function of armor due to their variety and extent of armoring. Using publically available CT‐scan data from 27 species in 16 of 21 genera of poachers we compared the armor to axial skeletal in the mid body region. The ratio of average armor density to average skeleton density ranged from 0.77 to 1.17. From a defensive point of view, the total investment in mineralization (volume * average density) is more interesting. There was 10 times the material invested in the armor as in the endoskeleton in some small, smooth plated species, likeAspidophoroides olrikii. At the low end, some visually arresting species likePercis japonica, had ratios as low as 2:1. We categorized the extent and type (impact vs. abrasion) in 34Agonopsis vulsaacross all 35+ plates in the eight rows along the body. The ventral rows show abrasive damage along the entire length of the fish that gets worse with age. Impact damage to head and tail plates gets more severe and occurs at higher rates with age. The observed damage rates and the large investment in mineralization of the armor suggest that it is not just for show, but is a functional defensive structure. We cannot say what the armor is defense against, but the abrasive damage on the ventrum implies their benthic lifestyle involves rubbing on the substrate. The impact damage could result from predatory attacks or from intraspecific combat.
Non‐invasive and in situ investigation of layers sequence in panel paintings by portable micro‐spatially offset Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Botteon Alessandra , Colombo Chiara , Realini Marco , Castiglioni Chiara , Piccirillo Anna , Matousek Pavel , Conti Claudia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNowadays, the research in conservation science is focused on developing advanced portable analytical techniques able to achieve subsurface data in situ and in a non‐invasive way. Micro‐spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (micro‐SORS) is an emerging analytical technique developed to address the need of non‐invasively retrieving the molecular composition of the subsurface compounds; however, so far, micro‐SORS studies of artworks have been carried out only with benchtop Raman microscopes, precluding the non‐invasive analysis of large objects and artworks in situ. Here, for the first time, portable micro‐SORS was used for non‐invasive and in situ investigation of art objects. The potential of portable micro‐SORS is demonstrated through the reconstruction of the layer sequences in selected areas of two 16th century panel paintings, providing unequivocal information about the preparation layer spread over the panels and the pigments used in the painted layers and supplying essential information on the artist's technique.
Soy/whey protein isolates: interfacial properties and effects on the stability of oil‐in‐water emulsions
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Zhang Shuang , Xie Fengying , Han Lu , Li Liang , Jiang Lianzhou , Qi Baokun , Li Yang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe adsorption of proteins at oil/water interfaces can reduce interfacial tension and increase emulsion stability. However, emulsions stabilized by soy protein isolate (SPI) are not sufficiently stable. Using SPI as a control, a theoretical basis for the adsorption behavior of mixed SPI and whey protein isolate (WPI) at the oil/water interface was established and the effects of the protein ratio and content on the emulsion stability were studied.RESULTSCompared to SPI solution, SPI–WPI mixed solutions were found to reduce the size distribution of emulsion droplets and significantly improve the emulsion stability. Among the studied protein contents and ratios, the protein content of 0.2 g kg−1 and SPI/WPI mass ratio of 1:9 offered the lowest creaming stability index (15%), the smallest droplet size (278 nm), and the largest absolute value ζ‐potential (35 mV), i.e. the emulsion stability was excellent. The largest dilatational modulus (10.08 mN m−1), dilatational elasticity (10.01 mN m−1), and dilatational viscosity (1.18 mN m−1), were observed with a protein content of 0.15 g kg−1 (SPI/WPI ratio of 1:9), along with a high interfacial protein adsorption capacity (47.33%). SPI–WPI complexes form a thick adsorption layer around oil droplets, resulting in an increase of the expansion modulus of the interfacial layer.CONCLUSIONSPI–WPI complexes can form a thick adsorption layer around oil droplets, resulting in increased expansion modulus of the interfacial layer, which improves emulsion stability. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry