bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping of language and motor function during awake neurosurgery with intraoperative optical imaging
Authors: Oelschlägel Martin , Meyer Tobias , Morgenstern Ute , Wahl Hannes , Gerber Johannes , Reiß Gilfe , Koch Edmund , Steiner Gerald , Kirsch Matthias , Schackert Gabriele , Sobottka Stephan B. 
Published: February 2020

Intraoperative optical imaging (IOI) is a marker-free, contactless, and noninvasive imaging technique that is able to visualize metabolic changes of the brain surface following neuronal activation. Although it has been used in the past mainly for the identification of functional brain areas under general anesthesia, the authors investigated the potential of the method during awake surgery. Measurements were performed in 10 patients who underwent resection of lesions within or adjacent to cortical language or motor sites. IOI was applied in 3 different scenarios: identification of motor areas by using finger-tapping tasks, identification of language areas by using speech tasks (overt and silent speech), and a novel approach—the application of IOI as a feedback tool during direct electrical stimulation (DES) mapping of language. The functional maps, which were calculated from the IOI data (activity maps), were qualitatively compared with the functional MRI (fMRI) and the electrophysiological testing results during the surgical procedure to assess their potential benefit for surgical decision-making.The results reveal that the intraoperative identification of motor sites with IOI in good agreement with the preoperatively acquired fMRI and the intraoperative electrophysiological measurements is possible. Because IOI provides spatially highly resolved maps with minimal additional hardware effort, the application of the technique for motor site identification seems to be beneficial in awake procedures. The identification of language processing sites with IOI was also possible, but in the majority of cases significant differences between fMRI, IOI, and DES were visible, and therefore according to the authors’ findings the IOI results are too unspecific to be useful for intraoperative decision-making with respect to exact language localization. For this purpose, DES mapping will remain the method of choice.Nevertheless, the IOI technique can provide additional value during the language mapping procedure with DES. Using a simple difference imaging approach, the authors were able to visualize and calculate the spatial extent of activation for each stimulation. This might enable surgeons in the future to optimize the mapping process. Additionally, differences between tumor and nontumor stimulation sites were observed with respect to the spatial extent of the changes in cortical optical properties. These findings provide further evidence that the method allows the assessment of the functional state of neurovascular coupling and is therefore suited for the delineation of pathologically altered tissue.
Preoperative functional MRI use in neurooncology patients: a clinician survey
Authors: Stopa Brittany M. , Senders Joeky T. , Broekman Marike L. D. , Vangel Mark , Golby Alexandra J. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVEFunctional MRI (fMRI) is increasingly being investigated for use in neurosurgical patient care. In the current study, the authors characterize the clinical use of fMRI by surveying neurosurgeons’ use of and attitudes toward fMRI as a surgical planning tool in neurooncology patients.METHODSA survey was developed to inquire about clinicians’ use of and experiences with preoperative fMRI in the neurooncology patient population, including example case images. The survey was distributed to all neurosurgical departments with a residency program in the US.RESULTSAfter excluding incomplete surveys and responders that do not use fMRI (n = 11), 50 complete responses were included in the final analysis. Responders were predominantly from academic programs (88%), with 20 years or more in practice (40%), with a main area of practice in neurooncology (48%) and treating an adult population (90%). All 50 responders currently use fMRI in neurooncology patients, mostly for low- (94%) and high-grade glioma (82%). The leading decision factors for ordering fMRI were location of mass in dominant hemisphere, location in a functional area, motor symptoms, and aphasia. Across 10 cases, language fMRI yielded the highest interrater reliability agreement (Fleiss’ kappa 0.437). The most common reasons for ordering fMRI were to identify language laterality, plan extent of resection, and discuss neurological risks with patients. Clinicians reported that fMRI results were not obtained when ordered a median 10% of the time and were suboptimal a median 27% of the time. Of responders, 70% reported that they had ever resected an fMRI-positive functional site, of whom 77% did so because the site was “cleared” by cortical stimulation. Responders reported disagreement between fMRI and awake surgery 30% of the time. Overall, 98% of responders reported that if results of fMRI and intraoperative mapping disagreed, they would rely on intraoperative mapping.CONCLUSIONSAlthough fMRI is increasingly being adopted as a practical preoperative planning tool for brain tumor resection, there remains a substantial degree of discrepancy with regard to its current use and presumed utility. There is a need for further research to evaluate the use of preoperative fMRI in neurooncology patients. As fMRI continues to gain prominence, it will be important for clinicians to collectively share best practices and develop guidelines for the use of fMRI in the preoperative planning phase of brain tumor patients.
The growth of pediatric neurosurgery in southern Vietnam and the first separation of pygopagus twins: case report
Authors: Can Dang D. T. , Lepard Jacob R. , Tri Tran T. , Van Duong Tran , Thuy Nguyen T. , Thach Pham N. , Johnston James M. , Oakes W. Jerry , Dong A Tran 
Published: February 2020

Conjoined twins are a rare congenital abnormality with an estimated incidence of 1:50,000 pregnancies and 1:200,000 live births. Pygopagus twins are characterized by sacrococcygeal fusion that is commonly associated with perineal and spinal abnormalities. Management of this complex disease requires a well-developed surgical system with multidisciplinary capacity and expertise.A decade ago there were no dedicated pediatric neurosurgeons in southern Vietnam. This has changed within a few short years; there are now 10 dedicated pediatric neurosurgeons with continually expanding technical capacity. In August 2017 a multidisciplinary surgical and anesthetic team successfully separated female pygopagus twins with fused sacrum and spinal cord with associated myelomeningocele defect.The authors present here the first successful separation of pygopagus twins in Vietnam as a representative case of gradual and sustainable pediatric neurosurgical scale-up.
Pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a single-center experience
Authors: LoPresti Melissa A. , Ravindra Vijay M. , Pyarali Monika , Goethe Eric , Gadgil Nisha , Wagner Kathyrn , Kan Peter , Lam Sandi 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVEIntracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a common cause of intracranial hemorrhage in children. Exploring outcomes of treatment and factors that predict recurrence may help guide the management of pediatric AVMs. In this study, the authors review a single-center experience with pediatric AVMs, aiming to identify factors contributing to recurrence and areas for improvement in treatment.METHODSA single-center retrospective review of patients ages 0–18 years with AVMs in the period from 2005 to 2018 was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were collected and examined to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of patients managed with and those managed without open microsurgical resection.RESULTSOne hundred five patients were diagnosed and treated during the study period. Fifty (47.6%) had been treated surgically and 35 (33.3%) nonsurgically, and 20 (19%) had been treated primarily at an outside institution and thus were excluded from further analysis. Of the 50 treated surgically, 92% had complete obliteration on postoperative imaging, with the remaining patients having residual AVM and undergoing re-resection or SRS, ultimately resulting in a 96% radiographic cure rate. The surgically treated patients were followed up for an average of 3.34 years. Eighty-two percent had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2. There was a recurrence rate of 12%, with the time to recurrence averaging 327.86 days (range 85–596 days). Of the 35 patients managed without open surgery, 77% underwent serial imaging surveillance, 20% underwent endovascular embolization, and 3% underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. Radiographic cure was seen in 6% of those treated nonsurgically, and all had undergone endovascular treatment alone. The nonsurgically treated patients were followed up for an average of 2.14 years. Eighty percent had an mRS score of 0–2.CONCLUSIONSThe data revealed that patients with lower-grade AVMs treated surgically and those with higher-grade AVMs managed without surgery have good functional and clinical outcomes. A high rate of recurrence was noted, and the possible contributing factors were explored. The authors encourage further study into mechanisms to reduce AVM recurrence in pediatric patients and look forward to advances in the medical management of lesions that are considered unresectable.
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Pembelajaran IPS
Authors: Febrianti Fitri Ayu 
Published: February 2020

Rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa menjadi masalah krusial dalam pembelajaran IPS. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya upaya agar pembelajaran IPS dapat menstimulus siswa untuk berpikir kritis, salah satunya dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT). Adapun rumusan masalah dari penelitian ini,“apakah terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS?”. Sementara itu,tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan populasi terbatas yaitu siswa kelas V SDN Tanjungsari. Sampel dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh, sehingga terdapat dua kelas yang dijadikan sebagai sampel, yaitu kelas VA yang berjumlah 20 orang dan VB yang berjumlah 20 orang. Kelas VA dijadikan sebagai kelas kontrol, dan mendapat model pembelajaran konvensional berbasis media gambar. Sementara itu, kelas VB dijadikan sebagai kelas eksperimen, dan mendapat model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa tes (pilihan ganda dan uraian), serta lembar observasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis secara statistik, diperoleh hasil thitung sebesar 2,89 dan ttabel dengan taraf signifikansi 5% (ɑ =0,05) sebesar 2,025. Dari hasil tersebut, maka dapat dinotasikan thitung > ttabel, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS. Kata Kunci: kemampuan berpikir kritis, model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT
KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR MAHASISWA MELALUI BLENDED LEARNING PADA MATA KULIAH MATEMATIKA EKONOMI
Authors: Wahyuni Rahmi , Nurhayati Nurhayati 
Published: February 2020

Matematika Ekonomi merupakan salah satu matakuliah wajib dari prodi pendidikan Matematikan Universitas Almuslim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon mahasiswa terhadap kemandirian belajar melalui blended learning pada mata kuliah matematika ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif karena data diperoleh dari para narasumber khususnya para siswa dengan metode yang lebih alamiah, yaitu mengobservasi langsung dan pembagian angket sehingga dapat mengambil suatu kesimpulan terhadap yang diteliti. Angket yang digunakan merujuk pada skala liked dengan pilihan untuk responden adalah sangat setuju, setuju, tidak setuju, dan sangat tidak setuju. Jumlah pertanyaan ada 15 pertanyaan dengan kesemuanya adalah pertanyaan positif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa, tanggapan responden terhadap kemandirian belajar mahasiswa melalui pembelajaran blanded learning pada mata kuliah matematika ekonomi sebesar 77% dari hasil tersebut maka tanggapan responden berada pada kriteria baik karena 77% ada pada rentan 68.01-84.00.
Kata kunci : kemandirian belajar, blended learning, matematika ekonomi
ELDERLY MISTREATMENT
Authors: Zukhrufan Muhammad Huki 
Published: February 2020

<p><em>Elderly mistreatment</em> atau salah perlakuan terhadap orangtua merupakan segala tindakan disengaja yang menyebabkan kerusakan atau bahaya yang serius terhadap orang lanjut usia. Salah perlakuan juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai kegagalan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar dan melindungi orang lanjut usia dari bahaya. Salah perlakuan ini pada umumnya disebabkan oleh care giver atau pengasuh. Salah perlakuan terhadap orang lanjut usia dapat dicurigai terkait dengan berbagai sindrom geriatri yang terjadi. Telah dilaporkan kasus salah perlakuan terhadap pasien perempuan berusia 90 tahun. Pasien datang dalam keadaan perubahan kesadaran. Kecurigaan salah perlakuan pada pasien ini karena adanya multipel sindrom geriatri pada pasien, seperti gangguan kognitif, infeksi, dan malnutrisi serta imobilisasi dengan komplikasi ulkus dekubitus Pada pemeriksaan fisik ditemukan konjungtiva anemis, luka lecet pada daun telinga, pada auskultasi paru dijumpai ronkhi basah halus nyaring di kedua lapangan paru dan edema pada kedua tungkai serta ulkus dekubitus yang multipel. Pasien juga mengalami malnutrisi. Pada pasien dilakukan penanganan komprehensif meliputi perbaikan status gizi, pemberian antibiotika, perawatan luka ulkus dekubitus, dan konseling keluarga.</p><p>Kata kunci: Elderly mistreatment, sindrom geriatri</p>
TÜRKÇE ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN SÖYLEM BELİRLEYİCİSİ KULLANIMI
Authors: ÇAKIR SARI Hamide 
Published: February 2020

Söylem belirleyicileri (discourse markers)
sözlü ve yazılı söylemde sıkça kullanılan birimlerdir ve bildirişimde önemli
işlevler üstlenmektedirler (Schiffrin, 1987, 2001). Söylem belirleyicileri,
konuşma içerisindeki bölümleri gösteren ve bu bölümler arasında tutarlığı
sağlayan "yani", "işte", "şimdi",
"evet", "ama", "şey" ve "tamam" gibi
dilsel öğelerdir (Özbek, 1998). Sınıf içi söylemde pek çok farklı dilsel
yapılarla birlikte, söylem belirleyicileri de önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu
yapılar aracılığıyla öğretmenler, sınıf içinde öğrencileri
yönlendirebilmekte, konuya yönelik
ilgilerini canlı tutabilmekte ve dersin evrelerine ilişkin değişimlere dikkati
çekebilmektedir. Diğer bir deyişle, söylem belirleyicileri, sınıf içi
etkileşimindeki ya da öğrenme döngüsündeki değişiklikleri ortaya
koyabilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda bu araştırmanın amacı, günlük yaşamda
kullandığımız söylem belirleyicilerinin sınıf içi iletişimde ne sıklıkla
kullanıldığını ve iletişimdeki işlevlerini ortaya koymaktır. Schiffrin'in
(1987) söylem modeli çerçevesinde oluşturduğu sınıflandırma, çalışmanın
kuramsal çerçevesini oluşturmaktadır.

Kesitsel
olarak planlanan bu çalışmada, Türkçe öğretmenlerinin söylem belirleyicileri
kullanımı üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Veri tabanının oluşturulma sürecinde,
mesleksel deneyim süreleri farklılaşan ve farklı ortaokullarda görev yapan 4’ü
kadın, 4’ü erkek olmak üzere toplam 8 Türkçe öğretmeni ve 7. sınıf
öğrencileriyle çalışılmıştır. 2012-2013 Eğitim Öğretim yılı güz döneminde 16
ders saati kayda alınmıştır. Öncelikle, öğretmenlere araştırmanın konusu ile
ayrıntılı bilgi verilmeden, öğrencileriyle ders sırasındaki tüm etkileşimleri
kamera ile kaydedilmiştir. Daha sonra da bu öğretmen-öğrenci etkileşimleri
yazıya dökülerek çözümlenmiş ve söylem belirleyicisi kullanımı incelenmiştir. Elde
edilen bulgulara göre, söylem belirleyicilerinin kullanım sıklığı öğretmenin
cinsiyetine, yaşına ve deneyimine göre değişiklik göstermektedir.
Assessment of the Environmental Risk of Pesticides Leaching at the Watershed Scale under Arid Climatic Conditions and Low Recharge Rates
Authors: Ibrahim Hesham M. , Al-Turki Ali M. 
Published: February 2020

The assessment of the vulnerability of soil and groundwater resources to pesticide contamination is important to reduce the risk of environmental pollution. The applicability of the expanded attenuation factor (EAF) to assess leaching potential of 30 pesticides was investigated under four recharge rates (0.0003–0.002 m d−1) in the arid environment of the Jazan watershed. EAF results revealed that Picloram, Carbofuran, Monocrotophos, and 2,4-D pesticides showed high leaching potential, mainly because of their low K O C , and relatively longer t 1 / 2 . In addition, medium leaching potential was observed with six more pesticides (Atrazine, Aldicarb, Simazine, Methomyl, Oxamyl, and Lindane). Regardless of the recharge rate, all other pesticides showed a very low leaching potential in the Jazan watershed. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the output of the EAF index is most sensitive to the fraction of organic carbon ( f o c ) , water content at field capacity ( θ F C ) , recharge rate ( q ) , and partition coefficient ( K O C ) , and least sensitive to soil bulk density ( ρ b ) and air-filled porosity ( n a ). The areal extent of areas with larger leaching potential in the Jazan watershed was consistent with soils having f o c < 0.3, θ F C > 10 m3 m−3, and ρ b < 1450 kg m−3, and were mostly associated with the loamy sand soils, followed by the sand and silt loam soils. EAF index model performed well in assessing relative rankings of leaching potential and delineating areas that are more susceptible to pesticide leaching. At the lowest recharge rate, general risk maps showed that the risk of leaching potential was very low for all pesticides in the entire area of the Jazan watershed. On the other hand, under the worst case scenario (0.002 m d−1), only Picloram and Carbofuran showed very high leaching potential in areas that represented 10.8 and 8.2% from the total area of the Jazan watershed, respectively. The information gained from this research can help farmers and decision-makers to implement regulations and best management practices to reduce the risk of environmental pollution, and protect soil and groundwater resources in Jazan watershed.
Sepsis en Cirugía
Authors: Martinez Salinas Guillermo Andres , Yarmuch Gutierrez Julio , Romero Patiño Carlos , Carreño Manriquez Barbara 
Published: February 2020

La sepsis constituye una causa frecuente de muerte por lo que es muy importante el diagnóstico precoz para conseguir un manejo oportuno y eficiente. Las definiciones y consensos han ido sufriendo modificaciones a lo largo del tiempo por lo que el equipo médico quirúrgico debe estar atento a estos cambios y debe mantenerse en constante actualización. El consenso de Sepsis-3, propone el uso del qSOFA y SOFA con el fin de mejorar la especificidad del reconocimiento de pacientes de mayor gravedad; no obstante, esto se logra a expensas de una menor sensibilidad, es por esto que los criterios clásicos de SIRS deben seguir utilizándose ante la sospecha de sepsis. Es clave la identificación temprana de los pacientes para que el resultado de las medidas a tomar sea el óptimo.La sepsis quirúrgica sigue siendo un cuadro clínico difícil de reconocer y manejar, es una urgencia que requiere medidas iniciales durante la primera hora de sospecha por lo que estranscendental para el cirujano, conocer estas medidas para poder planificar una posible cirugía de urgencia con el respaldo médico adecuado, según corresponda.El objetivo de esta revisión es que el cirujano y el equipo médico actualicen los cambios de los consensos de sepsis en cuanto al diagnóstico y al manejo bajo una mirada crítica y conozcan también el enfrentamiento adecuado de una sepsis quirúrgica para, de esta manera, mejorar la sobrevida de nuestros pacientes.
Studi Metode Pendinginan Super Cepat untuk Pembentukan Bulk Metallic Glasses pada Paduan Cu45Zr45Al5Ag5
Authors: Laksono Andromeda Dwi , Tanjung Rifqi Aulia 
Published: February 2020

Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG) memiliki sifat mekanik, magnetik, kimia dan fisik yang berbeda dengan paduan polikristalin karena susunan internal atomnya yang tidak teratur. Sehingga, BMG memiliki kekuatan mekanik yang baik, kekerasan yang tinggi, ketahanan terhadap aus dan korosi yang tinggi, dan kehalusan permukaan yang baik. Berdasarkan sifat tersebut, BMG memiliki kelayakan yang menjanjikan di bidang industry. Dalam penelitian ini, metode pengecoran cetakan di tembaga digunakan untuk menyiapkan BMG paduan Cu45Zr45Al5Ag5. Paduan dileburkan ulang dengan pendinginan super cepat menggunakan mesin pendingin di bawah temperatur -25 oC. Dengan metode pengecoran cetakan di tembaga, sampel ukuran besar berbentuk batang dipotong dengan diameter 2 mm hingga 4 mm dan panjang 30 mm. Batang kemudian dipotong lagi menjadi spesimen berbentuk cakram. Untuk memastikan apakah sampel adalah BMG atau tidak, sampel dievaluasi dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersion Spectrometer (EDS), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Electron Probe X-ray Micro Analyzer (EPMA), dan X -ray Difraction (XRD). Hasilnya dibahas dalam penelitian ini.
Kata Kunci: Bulk Metallic Glasses, Cu45Zr45Al5Ag5, Pengecoran Cetakan di Tembaga.
#SoMe4Surgery: a new way of spreading global education
Authors: Landaluce Olavarría A , Mayol J , Morales D , Estraviz Mateos B 
Published: February 2020

Resumen

Introducción: la importancia de las redes sociales ha ido creciendo a lo largo de esta última década. Sin embargo, no todas la redes sociales tienen la misma aplicación ni ámbito de difusión. Así Facebook se usa como una red personal de contactos en el ámbito de las relaciones personales principalmente. Por el contrario Twitter es una extensa red sin contactos privados salvo en las cuentas personales de Twitter. Los mensajes en Twitter son cortos, y después de un Tweet, se puede crear un nodo de difusión de información basado en los retweets y me gustan.Twitter también nos permite poder tener una conversación en tiempo real con personas que viven en diferentes partes del mundo y una difusión de la información de forma muy rápida. Hasta ahora, Twitter se ha usado en la promoción de congresos y cursos pero aún no se ha estudiado su uso dentro de la difusión de los contenidos educacionales. Presentamos una nueva plataforma: #SoMe4Surgery como un nuevo punto de referencia para estimular el contenido educacional.

Material y métodos: #SoMe4Surgery es una nueva plataforma en Twitter abierta a todos los profesionales médicos (enfermería, anestesiólogos, etc. y por supuesto cirujanos). Cada semana, se propone un tema para debatir, impulsando diferentes preguntas, ideas y propuestas para tener en cuenta por los usuarios.

Resultados: Se analizó un periodo de diez días (del 12 al 22 de octubre) tras proponer un tema a debatir, analizando los resultados obtenidos. Se obtuvo una red de 998 tweets. El gráfico fue de tipo directo y los vértices fueron agrupados usando el algoritmo matemático de Clausen-Newman-More. También, se analizó la posibilidad de un congreso virtual.

Conclusión: el uso de Twitter como plataforma, puede ser una buena opción para difundir los contenidos educacionales, no sólo porque permite la difusión de información acerca de un tema sino también por la posibilidad de promover cambios de impresiones a tiempo real con diferentes personas a lo largo del mundo. La opción de los congresos virtuales se podría convertir en una opción muy viable en esta época de crisis.