bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetically Defined Syngeneic Mouse Models of Ovarian Cancer as Tools for the Discovery of Combination Immunotherapy
Authors: Iyer Sonia , Zhang Shuang , Yucel Simge , Horn Heiko , Smith Sean G. , Reinhardt Ferenc , Hoefsmit Esmee , Assatova Bimarzhan , Casado Julia , Meinsohn Marie-Charlotte , Barrasa M. Inmaculada , Bell George W. , Pérez-Villatoro Fernando , Huhtinen Kaisa , Hynninen Johanna , Oikkonen Jaana , Galhenage Pamoda M. , Pathania Shailja , Hammond Paula T. , Neel Benjamin G. , Farkkila Anniina , Pépin David , Weinberg Robert A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Despite advances in immuno-oncology, the relationship between tumor genotypes and response to immunotherapy remains poorly understood, particularly in high-grade serous tubo-ovarian carcinomas (HGSC). We developed a series of mouse models that carry genotypes of human HGSCs and grow in syngeneic immunocompetent hosts to address this gap. We transformed murine-fallopian tube epithelial cells to phenocopy homologous recombination–deficient tumors through a combined loss of Trp53, Brca1, Pten, and Nf1 and overexpression of Myc and Trp53R172H, which was contrasted with an identical model carrying wild-type Brca1. For homologous recombination–proficient tumors, we constructed genotypes combining loss of Trp53 and overexpression of Ccne1, Akt2, and Trp53R172H, and driven by KRASG12V or Brd4 or Smarca4 overexpression. These lines form tumors recapitulating human disease, including genotype-driven responses to treatment, and enabled us to identify follistatin as a driver of resistance to checkpoint inhibitors. These data provide proof of concept that our models can identify new immunotherapy targets in HGSC.

Significance:
We engineered a panel of murine fallopian tube epithelial cells bearing mutations typical of HGSC and capable of forming tumors in syngeneic immunocompetent hosts. These models recapitulate tumor microenvironments and drug responses characteristic of human disease. In a Ccne1-overexpressing model, immune-checkpoint resistance was driven by follistatin.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 211
PowerPoint-based quizzes in wave motion: Performance and experiences of students
Authors: Pacala Frank Angelo Abayog 
Published: November 2020

The effect of PowerPoint Presentation–based (PPPb) quiz to the students’ scores has been rarely studied. It is the intention of this research to understand the effect of PPPb quiz to students score in wave motion and the students’ experiences under such a strategy. This research used a mixed approach: quasi-experimental to learn if scores gain was significant, and thematic analysis was used to know the experiences of the students. The results confirmed that PPPb quiz has indeed increased the scores of the students. Statistical analysis verified that this increase was significant. On the thematic analysis, students manifested comparing oral quiz to PPPb, caught their attention, and vivid communication. Therefore, the effect of PPPb was significant to the students because it positively impacted their scores in wave motion and promoted vivid communication among students.
Assessment of students performances in biology: Implication for measurements and evaluation of learning
Authors: Bichi Ado Abdu , Ibrahim Rahinatu Hassan , Ibrahim Fatima B 
Published: November 2020

Scienceeducation is believed to be a vital tool for individual and societal development at large. The persistent low levels of students’ achievement in sciences at the various public examinations in Nigeria have continued to draw the attention of major stakeholders in education. This study examined academic achievement of Senior Secondary School students in biology and gender difference in students’ achievement was examined. Ex-post facto design of descriptive research was adopted for the study. A proforma was used to collect data from a sample of two hundred (200) students, selected using stratified random sampling procedure from the Science secondary schools in Kano state Nigeria. The data collected were the students’ performances in biology achievement tests. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and independent-sample t-test. Overall results showed that the test internal consistency reliability is low and unsatisfactory; the students performed below average (M=47.02, SD=16.493 (47%). Similarly, gender difference exists in biology performance with another significant difference between performance of urban and rural school students. The study concludes that, biology test used in Kano state qualifying examinations to assess students potential ability in biology is not a reliable measurement tool and that, academic performance of students in biology is unsatisfactory and evidence of differential performance between gender and schools locations. The implication for measurements and evaluation of learning as well as recommendations has been discussed.
Implementation of think-pair-share to mathematics instruction
Authors: Tanujaya Benidiktus , Mumu Jeinne 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this research was to study the procedure of think pair share, the type of cooperative learning models, which can be implemented in mathematics instruction in Manokwari, West Papua Indonesia. This study was conducted at Senior High School in Manokwari (SMA Negeri 1), Manokwari West Papua Indonesia. The research was carried out using research and development methods. The Think Pair Share learning model was modified to get the procedure of implementation in accordance with the characteristics of students studying mathematics in Manokwari, West Papua. The results of the research showed that there were two principals in the application of the think pair share model in mathematics instruction in Manokwari West Papua, selection of group members and the determination of the number of group members. Students individually start thinking of finding answers to the assignment submitted. Group members must consist of students who already know each other well, but should not to have a similar level of knowledge, while the number of group members must start from two students.
Identifiying of problem solving abilities in Mathematics among Junior High School students
Authors: Syaiful Syaiful , Kamid Kamid , Muslim Muslim , Huda Nizlel 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: This study aims to identify the problem solving abilities possessed by junior high school students. The type of research used is quantitative which uses a research design survey. The sample of this study is 98 students taken based on purposive sampling techniques. This study uses descriptive statistics to analyze the data generated. From the results of the analysis that has been done, it was found that there is a problem solving indicator by students in mathematics which is a indicated by the indicators of planning a solution which has a good category of a 56.1% (55 of 98) students, the indicator of problem solving has a good category of a 56.1% (55 out of 98) students, indicators of a problem solving planning had a good category of a 54.1% (53 of 98) students, and an indicator of understanding a problem had a good category of a 60.2% (59 of 98) students.
Association of Diabetes Mellitus With Health Status Outcomes in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights From the PORTRAIT Registry
Authors: Patel Krishna K. , Alturkmani Hani , Gosch Kensey , Mena‐Hurtado Carlos , Shishehbor Mehdi H. , Peri‐Okonny Poghni A. , Creager Mark A. , Spertus John A. , Smolderen Kim G. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and coexisting diabetes mellitus (DM) have greater PAD progression and adverse limb events. Our aim was to study whether PAD‐specific health status differs by DM.

Methods and Results

The PORTRAIT (Patient‐Centered Outcomes Related to Treatment Practices in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Investigating Trajectories) trial is a 16‐center international registry that includes patients with recent exacerbations or new‐onset symptomatic PAD presenting to specialty clinics. We assessed PAD‐specific health status initially and at 3, 6, and 12 months (Peripheral Artery Questionnaire [PAQ]). We used hierarchical, multivariable, linear regression, and repeated measures analyses to study the association between DM and baseline health status initially and over 3 to 12 months. Models were adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic factors, PAD severity, comorbidities, and psychosocial characteristics. The interaction of DM with PAD revascularization on 3‐ to 12‐month health status was also tested. Of 1204 patients, 398 (33%) had DM (94% type 2). Patients with versus those without DM had lower unadjusted PAQ summary scores at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months (46.1 versus 50.8, 63.6 versus 68.2, 65.7 versus 71.7, and 65.4 versus 72.6;
P
≤0.01). In fully adjusted models, the effect of DM on baseline (mean difference, −0.65; 95% CI, −2.86 to 1.56 [
P
=0.56]) and over 3‐ to 12‐month PAQ summary scores (mean difference, −1.59; 95% CI, −4.06 to 0.88 [
P
=0.21]) was no longer significant. Twelve‐month health status gains following revascularization were similar in both groups (
P
=0.69).

Conclusions
Patients with PAD with coexisting DM have poorer health status, mostly explained by the differences in their psychosocial and other comorbidity burden. Patients with PAD and DM versus those without DM experience similar health status benefits following PAD revascularization.
Studying the Qurʾan in the Context of Indonesian Islamic Higher Education
Authors: Fina Lien Iffah Nafʾatu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This essay reconsiders some of Majid Daneshgar’s arguments in his Studying the Qurʾan in the Muslim Academy. The first part of the essay discusses what counts as the Muslim academy and how it is represented in this book. I examine his arguments that the Muslim academy does not do Islamic studies but rather an apologetic, descriptive, and normative study of Islam, and that the Muslim academy’s reception of Western Qurʾanic scholarship is dismissive, hostile, poor, selective, and apologetic. Its second part examines his argument that the Muslim academy does not engage in a “critical study” of the Qurʾan and Islam. Through a juxtaposition with my experience teaching at UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta and the development of Islamic higher education in Indonesia, I argue that Daneshgar’s thesis is an over-generalization of what he regards as the Muslim academy, obscuring its plural nature worldwide. I also question whether it is appropriate to talk about the Muslim academy in universal terms. I further argue that to analyze academic study of Islam and the Qurʾan in the Muslim world, one needs to consider the latter’s context and history and its dynamic in relation to secular epistemologies developed in the West.
Peter Zinkernagel and David Favrholdt: A Response to George Berkeley in Twentieth-Century Danish Philosophy
Authors: Huggler Jørgen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Berkeley’s criticism of Locke’s distinction between primary and secondary qualities is a challenge to epistemologists. Do we experience a mind-independent reality, even though we do it with the help of senses bound to give us subjective experiences? Berkeley – or a straw man by that name (i.e. Berkeley without God) – played an important part as sparring partner for an influential development of Danish theoretical philosophy in the second half of the 20th century. The protagonists here are Peter Zinkernagel (1921–2003) and David Favrholdt (1931–2012). Zinkernagel held an extraordinary appointment as research fellow at the University of Copenhagen. Favrholdt was the founding father of the Philosophical Institute at Odense University (today: University of Southern Denmark). This essay focuses on the constructive moments in Zinkernagel’s alternative to immaterialism, being based on a distinction between perception and action, and on Favrholdt’s development of a reconstruction of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities.
Center for Subjectivity Research: History, Contribution and Impact
Authors: Henriksen Mads Gram , León Felipe , Zahavi Dan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this article, we describe the history and impact of the Center for Subjectivity Research (cfs) since its inception in 2002 and until 2020. From its very beginning, cfs was structured to facilitate and carry out interdisciplinary research on human subjectivity, taking phenomenology as an important source of inspiration. We cover some of the most important research areas in which cfs has had a national and international impact. These include developing the field of existential hermeneutics, opening a dialogue between phenomenology and analytic philosophy, creating a multi-dimensional account of the self, exploring the interrelations between I, you and we, and conceptualizing and assessing self-disorders in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Over the years, research at cfs has demonstrated the vitality of the phenomenological tradition, and shown how phenomenology can contribute to contemporary theoretical and scientific debates.
Polarimetric Signatures in Landfalling Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Homeyer Cameron R. , Fierro Alexandre O. , Schenkel Benjamin A. , Didlake Anthony C. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Hu Jiaxi , Ryzhkov Alexander V. , Basara Jeffrey B. , Murphy Amanda M. , Zawislak Jonathan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolarimetric radar observations from the NEXRAD WSR-88D operational radar network in the contiguous United States, routinely available since 2013, are used to reveal three prominent microphysical signatures in landfalling tropical cyclones: 1) hydrometeor size sorting within the eyewall convection, 2) vertical displacement of the melting layer within the inner core, and 3) dendritic growth layers within stratiform regions of the inner core. Size sorting signatures within eyewall convection are observed with greater frequency and prominence in more intense hurricanes, and are observed predominantly within the deep-layer environmental wind shear vector-relative quadrants that harbor the greatest frequency of deep convection (i.e., downshear and left-of-shear). Melting-layer displacements are shown that exceed 1 km in altitude compared to melting-layer altitudes in outer rainbands and are complemented by analyses of archived dropsonde data. Dendritic growth and attendant snow aggregation signatures in the inner core are found to occur more often when echo-top altitudes are low (≤10 km MSL), nearer the −15°C isotherm commonly associated with dendritic growth. These signatures, uniquely observed by polarimetric radar, provide greater insight into the physical structure and thermodynamic characteristics of tropical cyclones, which are important for improving rainfall estimation and the representation of tropical cyclones in numerical models.
A Multiscale Analysis of a Nocturnal Extreme Rainfall Event of 14 July 2017 in Northeast China
Authors: Wang Gaili , Zhang Da-Lin , Sun Jisong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA multiscale observational analysis of a nocturnal extreme rainfall event that occurred at Changtu in Northeast China on 14 July 2017 is performed using global analysis, automated surface observations, Doppler radar, rawinsonde, and disdrometer data. Results show that the large-scale environment was characterized by high convective available potential energy and precipitable water, moderate convective inhibition, and a southwesterly low-level jet (LLJ) capped by an inversion layer. The first and subsequent convective cells developed along a quasi-stationary surface convergence zone in a convection-void region of a previously dissipated meso-α-scale convective line. Continuous convective initiation through backbuilding at the western end and the subsequent merging of eastward-moving convective cells led to the formation of a near-zonally oriented meso-β-scale rainband, with reflectivity exceeding 45 dBZ (i.e., convective core intensity). This quasi-stationary rainband was maintained along the convergence zone by the LLJ of warm moist air, aided by local topographical lifting and convectively generated outflows. A maximum hourly rainfall amount of 96 mm occurred during 0200–0300 Beijing standard time as individual convective cores with a melting layer of >55 dBZ reflectivity moved across Changtu with little intermittency. The extreme-rain-producing stage was characterized with near-saturated vertical columns, and rapid number concentration increases of all raindrop sizes. It is concluded that the formation of the meso-β-scale rainband with continuous convective backbuilding, and the subsequent echo-training of convective cores with growing intensity and width as well as significant fallouts of frozen particles accounted for the generation of this extreme rainfall event. This extreme event was enhanced by local topography and the formation of a mesovortex of 20–30 km in diameter.
Burnout and resilience among Canadian palliative care physicians
Authors: Wang Cindy , Grassau Pamela , Lawlor Peter G. , Webber Colleen , Bush Shirley H. , Gagnon Bruno , Kabir Monisha , Spilg Edward G. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Physicians experience high rates of burnout, which may negatively impact patient care. Palliative care is an emotionally demanding specialty with high burnout rates reported in previous studies from other countries. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of burnout and degree of resilience among Canadian palliative care physicians and examine their associations with demographic and workplace factors in a national survey.

Methods
Physician members of the Canadian Society of Palliative Care Physicians and Société Québécoise des Médecins de Soins Palliatifs were invited to participate in an electronic survey about their demographic and practice arrangements and complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Professionals (MBI-HSS (MP)), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The association of categorical demographic and practice variables was examined in relation to burnout status, as defined by MBI-HSS (MP) score. In addition to bivariable analyses, a multivariable logistic regression analysis, reporting odds ratios (OR), was conducted. Mean CD-RISC score differences were examined in multivariable linear regression analysis.

Results
One hundred sixty five members (29%) completed the survey. On the MBI-HSS (MP), 36.4% of respondents reported high emotional exhaustion (EE), 15.1% reported high depersonalization (DP), and 7.9% reported low personal accomplishment (PA). Overall, 38.2% of respondents reported a high degree of burnout, based on having high EE or high DP. Median CD-RISC resilience score was 74, which falls in the 25th percentile of normative population. Age over 60 (OR = 0.05; CI, 0.01–0.38), compared to age ≤ 40, was independently associated with lower burnout. Mean CD-RISC resilience scores were lower in association with the presence of high burnout than when burnout was low (67.5 ± 11.8 vs 77.4 ± 11.2, respectively, p < 0.0001). Increased mean CD-RISC score differences (higher resilience) of 7.77 (95% CI, 1.97–13.57), 5.54 (CI, 0.81–10.28), and 8.26 (CI, 1.96–14.57) occurred in association with age > 60 as compared to ≤40, a predominantly palliative care focussed practice, and > 60 h worked per week as compared to ≤40 h worked, respectively.

Conclusions
One in three Canadian palliative care physicians demonstrate a high degree of burnout. Burnout prevention may benefit from increasing resilience skills on an individual level while also implementing systematic workplace interventions across organizational levels.
Spontaneous regression of micro-metastases following primary tumor excision: a critical role for primary tumor secretome
Authors: Shaashua Lee , Eckerling Anabel , Israeli Boaz , Yanovich Gali , Rosenne Ella , Fichman-Horn Suzana , Ben Zvi Ido , Sorski Liat , Haldar Rita , Satchi-Fainaro Ronit , Geiger Tamar , Sloan Erica K. , Ben-Eliyahu Shamgar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Numerous case studies have reported spontaneous regression of recognized metastases following primary tumor excision, but underlying mechanisms are elusive. Here, we present a model of regression and latency of metastases following primary tumor excision and identify potential underlying mechanisms.

Results
Using MDA-MB-231HM human breast cancer cells that express highly sensitive luciferase, we monitored early development stages of spontaneous metastases in BALB/c nu/nu mice. Removal of the primary tumor caused marked regression of micro-metastases, but not of larger metastases, and in vivo supplementation of tumor secretome diminished this regression, suggesting that primary tumor-secreted factors promote early metastatic growth. Correspondingly, MDA-MB-231HM-conditioned medium increased in vitro tumor proliferation and adhesion and reduced apoptosis. To identify specific mediating factors, cytokine array and proteomic analysis of MDA-MB-231HM secretome were conducted. The results identified significant enrichment of angiogenesis, growth factor binding and activity, focal adhesion, and metalloprotease and apoptosis regulation processes. Neutralization of MDA-MB-231HM-secreted key mediators of these processes, IL-8, PDGF-AA, Serpin E1 (PAI-1), and MIF, each antagonized secretome-induced proliferation. Moreover, their in vivo simultaneous blockade in the presence of the primary tumor arrested the development of micro-metastases. Interestingly, in the METABRIC cohort of breast cancer patients, elevated expression of Serpin E1, IL-8, or the four factors combined predicted poor survival.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate regression and latency of micro-metastases following primary tumor excision and a crucial role for primary tumor secretome in promoting early metastatic growth in MDA-MB-231HM xenografts. If generalized, such findings can suggest novel approaches to control micro-metastases and minimal residual disease.
Metastasis to lateral lymph nodes with no mesenteric lymph node involvement in low rectal cancer: a retrospective case series
Authors: Li Peng , Zhang Zhichun , Zhou Yuanda , Zeng Qingsheng , Zhang Xipeng , Sun Yi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study is to examine the pattern of lymph node metastasis (lateral vs. mesenteric lymph nodes) in low rectal cancer.

Methods
This retrospective analysis included all patients undergoing laparoscopic total mesorectal excision plus lateral lymph node dissection for advanced low rectal cancer (up to 8 cm from the anal verge) during a period from July 1, 2017, to August 31, 2019, at the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center. The decision to conduct lateral lymph node dissection was based on positive findings in preoperative imaging assessments.

Results
A total of 42 patients were included in data analysis. Surgery was successfully completed as planned, without conversion to open surgery in any case. A minimum of 10 mesenteric lymph nodes and 1 lateral lymph node on each side were dissected in all patients. Pathologic examination of resected specimens showed no metastasis to either mesenteric or lateral lymph nodes in 7 (16.7%) case, metastasis to both mesenteric and lateral lymph nodes in 26 (61.9%) cases, metastasis to mesenteric but not lateral lymph nodes in 4 (9.5%) cases, and metastasis to lateral but not mesenteric lymph nodes in 5 (11.9%) cases (n = 2 in the obturator region; n = 3 in the iliac artery region).

Conclusion
A clinically significant proportion of low rectal cancer patients have metastasis to lateral lymph nodes without involvement of mesenteric lymph nodes. More carefully planned prospective studies are needed to verify this preliminary finding.