bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Existing Testbeds for Programmable Networks
Authors: Barmpounakis Sokratis , Alonistioti Nancy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractToward the delivery of the network as a service, network softwarization and virtualization are considered as compelling enablers. Numerous testbeds worldwide are gradually evolving into programmable experimentation platforms, which offer the researchers a plethora of tools and enablers for flexible and adaptive experimentation, high degree of control, automated setup, and programmable elements in different portions and of the network. This work initially introduces the architectural principles, key design characteristics, and capabilities of such testbeds; afterward, it provides a comprehensive survey of the existing testbed facilities for programmable networks, categorized based on their primary scope. Software‐defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV), SDR, network slicing, cloud and/or multiple access computing (MEC), and IoT technologies are correlated with the analyzed testbeds offering a complete taxonomy of the existing solutions. A discussion on open challenges concludes this work.
5G Security – Complex Challenges
Authors: Holtmanns Silke , Oliver Ian , Miche Yoan , Kalliola Aapo , Limonta Gabriela , Peinado German 
Published: December 2019

Abstract5G is a new technology. It offers unknown flexibility and serves a wide range of use cases. That flexibility was created by merging Internet and telecommunication technology. For this new merged technology security is a complex topic. We will break the 5G security space into building blocks. Some of those building blocks have well‐known solutions, others require deep new research. We will then describe new research areas and approaches. Trust creation for supply chain and core network malware analysis using machine learning will be the two examples that we will outline in detail.
Introduction to IoT Security
Authors: Jurcut Anca D. , Ranaweera Pasika , Xu Lina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn a world with “things” and devices interconnected at every level, from wearables to home and building automation, to smart cities and infrastructure, to smart industries, and to smart‐everything, the Internet of Things (IoT) security plays a central role with no margin for error or shortage on supply. Securing, including authentication of these devices, will become everyone's priority, from manufacturers to silicon vendors (or IP developers), to software and application developers, and to the final consumer, the beneficiaries of the security “recipe” that will accompany these IoT products. Together, all consumers of these products need to adapt to the market demands, innovate, and improve processes, grasp new skills and learn new methods, raise awareness and embrace new training and curricula programs.In this article, we provide a thorough survey and classification of the existing vulnerabilities, exploitable attacks, possible countermeasures as well as access control mechanisms including authentication and authorization. These challenges are addressed in detail considering both the technologies and the architecture used. Furthermore, this work also focuses also on IoT intrinsic vulnerabilities as well as the security challenges at every layer. In addition, solutions for remediation of the compromised security, as well as methods for risk mitigation, with prevention and suggestions for improvement are discussed.
“Legitimate but Not Legal”: Learning Power in the Landless Workers Movement (MST), Brazil
Authors: Thapliyal Nisha 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis chapter engenders activist knowledge production through narratives from Mulher Sem Terra—women in the Landless Workers Movement. It is empirically grounded in a qualitative research study about women educators in the Landless Workers Movement (MST). Participation in the movement enabled these women to continue their own schooling and go on to become MST educators and leaders. Drawing on their stories, I will discuss situated perspectives on learning in the struggle in relation to becoming an educator, engaging the state, and construction of counterhegemonic knowledge. These kinds of learning enabled Landless women to see themselves and others as human beings with rights and dignity. In doing so, these pedagogies counter dominant capitalist discourses of disposability with situated discourses of caring, cooperation, and interdependence.
What Would Gramsci Tweet?
Authors: Jeremic Rusa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe evolution of Web 2.0 user‐generated content has opened the door to new forms of collective action and social movement building. In asking if the benefits outweigh the risks, this paper brings Gramsci's theorization of activism into the twenty‐first century, where the newspaper has been replaced by social medial tools and the Organic Intellectual has gone virtual. Through the examples of #BlackLivesMatter, #IdleNoMore, and #MarchForOurLives, this paper argues that the digital age, despite limitations, has created unique opportunities for unprecedented social movement building. Activists are identified as key educators and passionate persuaders in these nonformal sites of learning, demonstrating how, through #hashtag activism, these virtual organic intellectuals are emerging to disrupt and challenge power in the digital age.
Perceptions of the healthiest body in a market‐integrating indigenous population in Argentina: Fat idealization and gendered generational differences
Authors: Daiy Katherine , Arslanian Kendall , Lagranja Elena S. , Valeggia Claudia R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesMarket integration seems to induce gender‐specific generational change in health‐related perceptions of body size. We predicted that among the Qom of Argentina, younger women would perceive comparatively thinner bodies as healthiest, demonstrating thin‐idealizing body norms, and older women would retain culturally rooted perceptions of heavier bodies as healthiest. As traditional and globalized body size ideals are different for men, we predicted that men would perceive normal bodies as healthiest and would not exhibit generational differences.MethodsWe asked Qom adults (n= 273) residing in Namqom, Argentina to choose the healthiest body size from the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS). We performed multiple linear regression with age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) predicting healthy‐body perception score.ResultsA majority of women chose overweight bodies as healthiest. As predicted, older women preferred heavier bodies compared to their younger peers; this generational effect was stronger among women clinically defined as underweight (BMI ≤19.99 kg/m2), and “normal” weight (20.00 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤24.99 kg/m2), as compared to women clinically defined as overweight (25.00 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤29.99 kg/m2) or obese (≥30.00 kg/m2). Men exhibited no generational effects and largely perceived bodies corresponding to a “normal” BMI as healthiest.ConclusionsAmong Qom women, there is evidence for the adoption of the idealization of thinness as healthy alongside traditional perceptions that fat bodies are healthy.
Disentangling basal and accrued height‐for‐age for cross‐population comparisons
Authors: Hackman Joseph V. , Hruschka Daniel J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesCurrent standards for comparing stunting across human populations assume a universal model of child growth. Such comparisons ignore population differences that are independent of deprivation and health outcomes. This article partitions variation in height‐for‐age that is specifically associated with deprivation and health outcomes to provide a basis for cross‐population comparisons.Materials and MethodsUsing a multilevel model with a sigmoid relationship of resources and growth, we partition variation in height‐for‐agez‐scores (HAZ) from 1.5 million children across 70 countries into two components: (1) “accrued HAZ” shaped by environmental inputs (e.g., undernutrition, infectious disease, inadequate sanitation, poverty) and (2) a country‐specific “basal HAZ” independent of such inputs. We validate these components against population‐level infant mortality rates and assess how these basal differences may affect cross‐population comparisons of stunting.ResultsBasal HAZ differs reliably across countries (range of approximately 1.5 SD) and is independent of measures of infant mortality. By contrast, accrued HAZ captures stunting as impaired growth due to deprivation and is more closely associated with infant mortality than observed HAZ. Assessing stunting prevalence by accrued HAZ suggest that populations in West Africa and Haiti suffer much greater levels of stunting than indicated by observed HAZ.DiscussionCurrent universal standards may dramatically underestimate stunting in populations with taller basal HAZ. Relying on observed HAZ rather than accrued HAZ may also lead to inappropriate cross‐population comparisons, such as concluding that Haitian children enjoy better conditions for growth than do Indian or Guatemalan children.
Fusion of Different Crosslinked Polymers Based on Dynamic Disulfide Exchange
Authors: Tsuruoka Ayuko , Takahashi Akira , Aoki Daisuke , Otsuka Hideyuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCrosslinked polymers (CLPs) exhibit exceptional mechanical properties as well as good chemical and solvent resistance. However, their reprocessing, recycling, and modification remain difficult. One promising approach to overcome this limitation is to introduce dynamic covalent bonds that enable chain‐exchange reactions and network‐structure rearrangements in identical polymer networks (A–A fusion), resulting in self‐healing and reprocessing properties. Reported here is the fusion of two distinct polymer networks (A–B fusion) by the dynamic behavior of bis(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)disulfide (BiTEMPS) at the interface between different CLPs. The appearance, swelling behavior, and mechanical properties of the fused samples indicate exchange reactions of the BiTEMPS units and the formation of topological bonds at the interface, commensurate with the generation of a CLP that exhibits tunable properties.
NMR “Crystallography” for Uniformly (13C, 15N)‐Labeled Oriented Membrane Proteins
Authors: Awosanya Emmanuel O. , Lapin Joel , Nevzorov Alexander A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn oriented‐sample (OS) solid‐state NMR of membrane proteins, the angular‐dependent dipolar couplings and chemical shifts provide a direct input for structure calculations. However, so far only 1H–15N dipolar couplings and 15N chemical shifts have been routinely assessed in oriented 15N‐labeled samples. The main obstacle for extending this technique to membrane proteins of arbitrary topology has remained in the lack of additional experimental restraints. We have developed a new experimental triple‐resonance NMR technique, which was applied to uniformly doubly (15N, 13C)‐labeled Pf1 coat protein in magnetically aligned DMPC/DHPC bicelles. The previously inaccessible 1Hα–13Cα dipolar couplings have been measured, which make it possible to determine the torsion angles between the peptide planes without assuming α‐helical structure a priori. The fitting of three angular restraints per peptide plane and filtering by Rosetta scoring functions has yielded a consensus α‐helical transmembrane structure for Pf1 protein.
Modeling first bid in retail secondary market online auctions: A Bayesian approach
Authors: Zafari Babak , Soyer Refik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe propose a Bayesian framework to model bid placement time in retail secondary market online business‐to‐business auctions. In doing so, we propose a Bayesian beta regression model to predict the first bidder and time to first bid, and a dynamic probit model to analyze participation. In our development, we consider both auction‐specific and bidder‐specific explanatory variables. While we primarily focus on the predictive performance of the models, we also discuss how auction features and bidders' heterogeneity could affect the bid timings, as well as auction participation. We illustrate the implementation of our models by applying to actual auction data and discuss additional insights provided by the Bayesian approach, which can benefit auctioneers.
Modeling anisotropic magnetized strange quark stars
Authors: Pérez Samantha López , Paret Daryel Manreza , Angulo Gretel Quintero , Martínez Aurora Pérez , Terrero Diana Alvear 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCompact objects have an intrinsic anisotropy due to the presence of strong magnetic fields that cause considerable modifications on the equations of state (EoS). In this work, we study the impact of this anisotropy in the size and shape of magnetized strange quark stars using an axially symmetric metric in spherical coordinates, the gamma‐metric. The results are compared with those obtained with the standard Tolman‐Oppenheimer‐Volkoff (TOV) equations for the parallel and perpendicular pressures independently. Differences in the results are discussed.
Programmable assembly of 2D crystalline protein arrays into covalently stacked 3D bionanomaterials
Authors: Manea Francesca , Garda Virginia G. , Rad Behzad , Ajo‐Franklin Caroline M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRational embellishment of self‐assembling two‐dimensional (2D) proteins make it possible to build 3D nanomaterials with novel catalytic, optoelectronic and mechanical properties. However, introducing multiple sites of embellishment into 2D protein arrays without affecting the self‐assembly is challenging, limiting the ability to program in additional functionality and new 3D configurations. Here we introduce two orthogonal covalent linkages at multiple sites in a 2D crystalline‐forming protein without affecting its self‐assembly. We first engineered the surface‐layer protein SbsB from Geobacillus stearothermophilus pV72/p2 to display isopeptide bond‐forming protein conjugation pairs, SpyTag or SnoopTag, at four positions spaced 5.7‐10.5 nm apart laterally and 3 nm axially. The C‐terminal and two newly‐identified locations within SbsB monomer accommodated the short SpyTag or SnoopTag peptide tags without affecting the 2D lattice structure. Introducing tags at distinct locations enabled orthogonal and covalent binding of SpyCatcher‐ or SnoopCatcher‐protein fusions to micron‐sized 2D nanosheets. By introducing different types of bifunctional cross‐linkers, the dual‐functionalized nanosheets were programmed to self‐assemble into different 3D stacks, all of which retain their nanoscale order. Thus, our work creates a modular protein platform that is easy to program to create dual‐functionalized 2D and lamellar 3D nanomaterials with new catalytic, optoelectronic, and mechanical properties.
IL6 inhibition of inflammatory S100A8/9 proteins is NF‐κB mediated in essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Diklić Miloš , Mitrović‐Ajtić Olivera , Subotički Tijana , Djikić Dragoslava , Kovačić Marijana , Bjelica Sunčica , Beleslin‐Čokić Bojana , Tošić Milica , Leković Danijela , Gotić Mirjana , Santibanez Juan F. , Čokić Vladan P. 
Published: December 2019

This study has been performed to determine the mechanism of activation of the myeloid related S100A proteins by inflammatory cytokines in myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Besides microarray analysis of MPN‐derived CD34+ cells, we analysed the pro‐inflammatory IL6 and anti‐inflammatory IL10 dependence of NF‐κB, PI3K‐AKT, and JAK‐STAT signalling during induction of S100A proteins in mononuclear cells of MPN, by immunoblotting and flow cytometry. We observed the reduced gene expression linked to NF‐κB and inflammation signalling in MPN‐derived CD34+ cells. Both IL6 and IL10 reduced S100A8 and 100A9 protein levels mediated via NF‐κB and PI3K signalling, respectively, in mononuclear cells of essential thrombocythemia (ET). We also determined the increased percentage of S100A8 and S100A9 positive granulocytes in ET and primary myelofibrosis, upgraded by the JAK2V617F mutant allele burden. S100A8/9 heterodimer induced JAK1/2‐dependent mitotic arrest of the ET‐derived granulocytes.Significance of the studyWe demonstrated that inflammation reduced the myeloid related S100A8/9 proteins by negative feedback mechanism in ET. S100A8/9 can be a diagnostic marker of inflammation in MPN, supported by the concomitant NF‐κB and JAK1/2 signalling inhibition in regulation of myeloproliferation and therapy of MPN.
Atomically Dispersed Zn‐Nx Sites in N‐Doped Carbon for Reductive N‐formylation of Nitroarenes with Formic Acid
Authors: Li Jinlei , Li Cunyao , Feng Siquan , Zhao Ziang , Zhu Hejun , Ding Yunjie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReplacement of noble metal catalysts with low‐cost, non‐noble heterogeneous catalysts is highly desirable. Herein, we prepared a reactive, inexpensive and stable isolated single‐atom Zn/N‐doped porous carbon (ZnNC) catalyst derived from a versatile zeolitic imidazolate framework precursor. The optimized ZnNC‐1000 with Zn‐Nx species possesses high zinc loading (5.2 wt%) and nitrogen content (6.73 wt%), exhibits efficient catalytic performance in the one‐pot N‐formylation of nitroarene to the corresponding formamides by using formic acid as the hydrogen donor and formylation agent. H2‐D2 exchange reaction and HCOOH‐chemisorption experiments demonstrated that atomically dispersed Zn‐Nx species are essential for the activation of hydrogen and HCOOH molecules, which finally contributed to the highest catalytic activity of ZnNC‐1000 for the reductive N‐formylation reaction.
Microstructural effects on hardness and optical transparency of birefringent aluminosilicate nanoceramics
Authors: Gaida Nico A. , Nishiyama Norimasa , Beermann Oliver , Schürmann Ulrich , Masuno Atsunobu , Giehl Christopher , Niwa Ken , Hasegawa Masashi , Bhat Shrikant , Farla Robert , Kienle Lorenz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransparent nanoceramics, synthesized at extreme conditions of high pressure and temperature, are new classes of materials highly attractive for photonic applications, such as optical windows, which require additional increased hardness and toughness. In this study, mechanical properties of transparent polycrystalline nanoceramics consisting of triclinic Al2SiO5 kyanite (~91.4 vol%) and trigonal Al2O3 corundum (~8.6 vol%) fabricated at high pressure (10 GPa) and temperature (1200‐1400°C) were investigated. It is already known that the optical transparency of kyanite‐based nanoceramics increases with decreasing average grain size. The present study shows that the hardness of these ceramics increases with decreasing grain sizes down to ~70 nm according to the Hall‐Petch strengthening. This grain size seems to mark a transition range where an inverse Hall‐Petch effect is indicated due to signs of a moderate hardness decrease at a smaller grain size of ~35 nm. The observed hardness‐grain size relation can fairly be described by an existing composite model, which considers the crystals to be harder than the noncrystalline grain boundaries. Within the range of average grain sizes examined, the kyanite habit changes from more equant to more columnar. This behavior is associated with the observed strong crack deflection by the columnar kyanite grains with aspect (length to diameter) ratios ranging from ~2 to 10 and may positively affect the fracture toughness.
A Facilely Synthesized Dual‐State Emission Platform for Picric Acid Detection and Latent Fingerprint Visualization
Authors: Xi Duo , Xu Yanzi , Xu Ruohan , Wang Zhi , Liu Daomeng , Shen Qifei , Yue Ling , Dang Dongfeng , Meng Lingjie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo achieve a highly efficient, dual‐state emission platform for picric acid (PA) detection and latent fingerprint (LFP) visualization, flexible alkyl chains have been facilely attached to the commercial organic dye 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride to provide the target perylenetetracarboxylate molecules PTCA‐C4, PTCA‐C6, and PTCA‐C12. Interestingly, all these molecules exhibited impressive fluorescence characteristics with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of around 93.0 % in dilute solution. Also, emissive features were observed in the solid state because close molecular packing is prevented by the alkyl chains, especially for PTCA‐C6, which has a high PLQY value of 49.0 %. Benefiting from its impressive fluorescence performance in both solution and as aggregates, PTCA‐C6 was used as a dual‐state emission platform for PA detection and also LFP visualization. For example, double‐responsive fluorescence quenching in solution was observed in PA detection studies, resulting in high quenching constants (KSV) and also low limit‐of‐detection values. Furthermore, the fingerprint powder based on PTCA‐C6 also presented an impressive performance on various substrates in terms of fluorescence intensity and resolution, clearly providing the specific fine details of latent fingerprints. These results demonstrate that the facilely synthesized PTCA‐C6 with efficient dual‐state emission exhibits great potential in the real‐world applications of PA detection and LFP visualization.
808 nm‐Light‐Excited Near‐Infrared Luminescent Lanthanide Metal–Organic Frameworks for Highly Sensitive Physiological Temperature Sensing
Authors: Zhao Dian , Han Xue , Wang Shuo , Liu Jingwen , Lu Yantong , Li Chunxia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOngoing demand for accurate self‐calibrated noninvasive thermometers for micro‐/nano‐scale applications, particular biomedical diagnosis, is driving the development of temperature sensors. Here a new type of lanthanide metal–organic framework having near‐infrared absorption and near‐infrared emission features is presented, and it is based on efficient Nd3+‐to‐Yb3+ energy transfer in 808 nm photoexcitation. The results show that the ratiometric parameter of Nd0.5Yb0.5TPTC (TPTC= 1,1′:4′,1′′‐terphenyl]‐3,3′′,5,5′′‐tetracarboxylic acid) can deliver good exponential‐type luminescence response to temperature in the physiological regime (293–328 K) with high relative sensitivity and accurate temperature resolution, as well as good biocompatibility and chemical stability. Such lanthanide‐based materials are especially useful in biomedical applications.
Handling data skew at reduce stage in Spark by ReducePartition
Authors: Guo Wenxia , Huang Chaojie , Tian Wenhong 
Published: December 2019

SummaryAs a typical representative of distributed computing framework, Spark has been continuously developed and popularized. It reduces the data transmission time through efficient memory‐based operations and solves the shortcomings of the traditional MapReduce computation model in iterative computation. In Spark, data skew is very prominent due to the uneven distribution of input data and the unbalanced allocation of default partitioning algorithm. When data skew occurs, the execution efficiency of the program will be reduced, especially in the reduce stage of Spark. Therefore, this paper proposes ReducePartition to solve data skew problem at reduce stage of Spark platform. First, the compute node samples the local data according to the sampling algorithm to predict the overall characteristics of data distribution. Then, to take full use of cluster resources, ReducePartition divides data into multiple partitions evenly. Next, taking into account the differences in computational capabilities among Executors, each task is assigned to Executor with the highest performance factor according to the greedy strategy. Finally, the results of the related algorithms and ReducePartition are compared by using WordCount benchmark and Sort benchmarks on heterogeneous Spark standalone cluster. The performance of the ReducePartition under different degree of data skew and different data size is analyzed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the impact of data skew on the total makespan of Spark big data applications, and the average total makespan is reduced by 30% to 50% while resource utilization is increased by 20%‐30% on average.