bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new map of glacigenic features and glacial landsystems in central mainland Nunavut, Canada
Authors: McMartin Isabelle , Godbout Pierre‐Marc , Campbell Janet E. , Tremblay Tommy , Behnia Pouran 
Published: November 2020

A new digital map of glacial geomorphic features and interpreted glacial landsystems was produced for an area covering ~415 000 km2 in the Keewatin Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) in Nunavut. The map integrates information from previous surficial geology maps and >14 000 field stations, and is significantly improved by the detailed inventory of ~152 000 glacigenic features using high‐resolution ArcticDEM data and Landsat 8 imagery. From this, we identify and map coherent patterns of landform development (landsystems) between the Manitoba border and the Arctic coast, many of which are entirely new and others that are significantly modified or updated. In particular, we recognize six separate ice streams, including one probable remnant ice stream, and we delineate numerous palimpsest streamlined landscapes with associated ice‐flow trends and relative ages. A continuum of relict terrains with varying basal ice thermal conditions is mapped for the first time in the ice divide migration zone between Baker Lake and Wager Bay. In addition, deglacial cold‐based retreat terrains and preserved warm‐based landscapes unaffected by younger glacial events have been identified. These new georeferenced, multi‐scale data sets and interpreted glacial landsystems provide a comprehensive framework to strengthen reconstructions of the glacial history and dynamics of one of the largest ice domes of the LIS, identify distinct glacial sediment transport paths for applications to mineral exploration, and test numerical modelling of the LIS in support of climate change studies and long‐term evolution of modern ice sheets.
The utility of a random growth hormone level in determining neonatal growth hormone sufficiency
Authors: Mamilly Leena , Pyle‐Eilola Amy L. , Chaudhari Monika , Henry Rohan K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRandom growth hormone (GH) levels have been used in the neonate to investigate congenital growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The cut‐off value for use in this diagnosis is yet to be established.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of all random GH levels obtained in neonates ≤28 days of age. Neonates were divided into three groups: those diagnosed with congenital GHD, those at risk for GHD (ARF‐GHD) and a non‐growth hormone deficient (non‐GHD) group. Mean GH levels for each group were compared, and ROC analysis was used to identify a cut‐off for the diagnosis of GHD.ResultsThe study included 138 neonates with the mean age of 9.07 ± 6.6 days, and 65% of these were born at term gestation. Mean GH levels were lower in the GHD group (2.73 ± 1.19 ng/ml) as compared to the ARF‐GHD (9.4 ± 7.96 ng/ml, p = .002) and non‐GHD groups (14.86 ± 14.42 ng/ml, p = .027). GH values were not significantly different between non‐GHD and ARF‐GHD groups. ROC analysis identified a cut‐off of serum random GH level of 4.5 ng/ml that achieved 100% sensitivity and 83% specificity for the diagnosis of congenital GHD.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that random GH levels obtained in the first 28 days of life can be useful in diagnosing congenital GHD. Moreover, a diagnostic cut‐off for congenital GHD using random GH levels was identified.
Readiness to Change and Prospective Effects of Weight Management Programs in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Slowik Voytek , Wasserkrug Heather , Fischer Ryan T. , Connelly Mark , Deacy Amanda D. , Hampl Sarah , Daniel James F. 
Published: November 2020

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing problem in pediatrics with limited treatment options. We prospectively assessed outcomes in patients managed in a hepatology clinic (HC) alone vs. those managed in combination with a multidisciplinary weight management program (MWMP). We describe each group’s readiness to change at the time of NAFLD diagnosis. Patients diagnosed with NAFLD were given a modified Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) at enrollment (T1) to assess readiness to change. They were then followed at 3–9 months (T2) and at 10–15 months (T3). Linear mixed models were used to evaluate changes in body mass index (BMI), BMI z‐score, and transaminases over time and between the two groups. There were no significant treatment group main effects or treatment × time interactions for our primary end points for HC alone (n = 75) or with MWMP (n = 18). There was a significant main effect for time for BMI z‐score, with BMI z‐scores declining on average by 0.0568 (P = 0.004) from visit to visit. Low SOCRATES subscales scores in HC alone (n = 33) or with MWMP (n = 4) suggested a patient population with low recognition of disease and likelihood of taking steps for change. Patients with obesity and NAFLD had low scores on all three SOCRATES subscales. Despite this, both groups had improvement in BMI z‐score without significant difference between the two treatment groups in other primary end points. Further study is needed to identify the most effective patient selection and treatment strategies for pediatric patients with NAFLD, including pharmacotherapy and surgery.
Climate change impacts on living marine resources in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Clarke Tayler M. , Reygondeau Gabriel , Wabnitz Colette , Robertson Ross , Ixquiac‐Cabrera Manuel , López Myrna , Ramírez Coghi Ana Rosa , del Río Iglesias José Luis , Wehrtmann Ingo , Cheung William W.L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimProject shifts in the habitat suitability of 505 fish and invertebrate species in the Eastern Tropical Pacific that are likely to occur by the mid‐21st century under “high greenhouse gas emissions” (RCP 8.5) and “strong mitigation” (RCP 2.6) scenarios.LocationThe Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, a discrete biogeographic region from the Gulf of California to northern Peru.MethodsEnsemble simulations of climate change effects on fish and invertebrate species caught by four major fisheries in the region, based on four species distribution models and three Earth system models.ResultsSimulation results indicated that species' habitat suitability increased or remained the same in the northern and southern margins of the Eastern Tropical Pacific but decreased by up to 14% in some fisheries along Central America. The largest declines in the average species habitat suitability index were projected for small pelagic fisheries (up to −46%), while the highest local species turnover was projected for coastal small‐scale fisheries (up to 80%). Under RCP 8.5, species in the southern half and northern equatorial region of the Eastern Tropical Pacific were projected to shift south‐east at a rate of approximately 30–60 km decade‐1, respectively. Demersal species were projected to move into shallower, inshore waters with a shift in depth centroids estimated at a rate of around 1 to 13 m decade−1. Range shifts towards the equator reflect movements to cooler habitats that are characteristic of equatorial upwelling systems. Range shifts towards shallower, inshore waters reflect habitat compression associated with the expansion of oxygen minimum zones.Main conclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of local‐scale oceanographic and biological data to elucidate the multidimensional biogeographic shifts of key species, their potential impacts on fisheries in the region and the need to consider such shifts in the design of effective conservation and marine resource management measures.
CRISPR/Cas9 nickase‐mediated efficient and seamless knock‐in of lethal genes in the medaka fish Oryzias latipes
Authors: Murakami Yu , Futamata Ryota , Horibe Tomohisa , Ueda Kazumitsu , Kinoshita Masato 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas system offers new opportunities for targeted gene modifications in a wide range of organisms. In medaka (Oryzias latipes), a vertebrate model organism, a wild‐type Cas9‐based approach is commonly used to establish desired strains, however, its use in lethal genes is still challenging due to excess gene disruptions triggered by DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). To overcome this problem, we aimed to develop a new knock‐in system using Cas9 nickase (Cas9n) that can reduce DNA DSBs. We revealed that Cas9n allowed reduction of the DSB‐induced unwanted mutagenesis via non‐homologous end‐joining at both on‐ and off‐ target sites. Further, with a new donor plasmid (p2BaitD) that provides a linear template through Cas9n‐mediated nicks, we successfully integrated reporter cassettes via homology‐directed repair (HDR) into all three loci tested, including a lethal gene. In the experiment targeting the lethal gene, the combination of p2BaitD and Cas9n achieved higher survival rates than the Cas9‐based approach, which enabled the desired knock‐in founders. Additionally, through a technical blend of our knock‐in system with a recently developed One‐step mating protocol, we successfully established a homozygous knock‐in strain in one generation period. This study presents evidence of an effective method to generate an HDR‐mediated gene knock‐in in medaka and other organisms, which is useful for establishing screening platforms for genes or drugs toxicity or other applications.
Effect of the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogue liraglutide versus placebo treatment on circulating proglucagon‐derived peptides that mediate improvements in body weight, insulin secretion and action: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Sun H. , Abbasi Fahim , Nachmanoff Clara , Stefanakis Konstantinos , Kumar Ajay , Kalra Bhanu , Savjani Gopal , Mantzoros Christos S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo examine how circulating glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) concentrations during liraglutide treatment relate to its therapeutic actions on glucose and weight, and to study the effects of liraglutide on other proglucagon‐derived peptides (PGDPs), including endogenous GLP‐1, glucagon‐like peptide‐2, glucagon, oxyntomodulin, glicentin and major proglucagon fragment, which also regulate metabolic and weight control.Materials and MethodsAdults who were overweight/obese (body mass index 27‐40 kg/m2) with prediabetes were randomized to liraglutide (1.8 mg/day) versus placebo for 14 weeks. We used specific assays to measure exogenous (liraglutide, GLP‐1 agonist [GLP‐1A]) and endogenous (GLP‐1E) GLP‐1, alongside five other PGDP concentrations during a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) completed at baseline and at week 14 (liraglutide, n = 16; placebo, n = 19). Glucose during MMTT, steady‐state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration for insulin resistance and insulin secretion rate (ISR) were previously measured. MMTT area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) was calculated for ISR, glucose and levels of PGDPs.ResultsParticipants on liraglutide versus placebo had significantly (P ≤ .004) decreased weight (mean −3.6%, 95% CI [−5.2% to −2.1%]), SSPG (−32% [−43% to −22%]) and glucose AUC (−7.0% [−11.5% to −2.5%]) and increased ISR AUC (30% [16% to 44%]). GLP‐1A AUC at study end was significantly (P ≤ .04) linearly associated with % decrease in weight (r = −0.54) and SSPG (r = −0.59) and increase in ISR AUC (r = 0.51) in the liraglutide group. Treatment with liraglutide significantly (P ≤ .005) increased exogenous GLP‐1A AUC (median 310 vs. 262 pg/mL × 8 hours at baseline but decreased endogenous GLP‐1E AUC [13.1 vs. 24.2 pmol/L × 8 hours at baseline]), as well as the five other PGDPs. Decreases in the PGDPs processed in the intestines are independent of weight loss, indicating a probable direct effect of GLP‐1 receptor agonists to decrease their endogenous production in contrast to weight loss‐dependent changes in glucagon and major proglucagon fragment that are processed in pancreatic alpha cells.ConclusionsCirculating GLP‐1A concentrations, reflecting liraglutide levels, predict improvement in weight, insulin action and secretion in a linear manner. Importantly, liraglutide also downregulates other PGDPs, normalization of the levels of which may provide additional metabolic and weight loss benefits in the future.
Martial arts training is related to implicit intermanual transfer of visuomotor adaptation
Authors: Werner Susen , Hasegawa Koki , Kanosue Kazuyuki , Strüder Heiko K. , Göb Tobias , Vogt Tobias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent work identified an explicit and implicit transfer of sensorimotor adaptation with one limb to the other, untrained limb. Here, we pursue the idea that different individual factors contribute differently to the amount of explicit and implicit intermanual transfer. In particular, we tested a group of judo athletes who show enhanced right‐hemispheric involvement in motor control and a group of equally trained athletes. After adaptation to a 60° visual rotation, we estimated awareness of the perturbation and transfer to the untrained, non‐dominant left hand in two experiments. We measured the total amount of intermanual transfer (explicit plus implicit) by telling the participants to repeat what was learned during adaptation, and the amount of implicit transfer by instructing the participants to refrain from using what was learned and to perform movements as during baseline instead. We found no difference between the total intermanual transfer of judokas and running experts, with mean absolute transfer values of 42.4° and 47.0°. Implicit intermanual transfer was very limited, but larger in judokas than in general sports athletes, with mean values of 5.2° and 1.6°. A multiple linear regression analysis further revealed that total intermanual transfer, which mainly represents the explicit transfer, is related to awareness of the perturbation, while implicit intermanual transfer can be predicted by judo training, amount of total training, speed of adaptation, and handedness scores. The findings suggest that neuronal mechanisms such as hemispheric interactions and functional specialization underlying intermanual transfer of motor learning may be applied according to individual predisposition.
Twin pregnancy in women with epilepsy
Authors: Vajda Frank J. E. , O’Brien Terence J. , Graham Janet E. , Hitchcock Alison A. , Perucca Piero , Lander Cecilie M. , Eadie Mervyn J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe report data from the Raoul Wallenberg Australian Register of Antiepileptic Drugs in Pregnancy (APR) to see if there are significant differences in relation to the courses and outcomes of the twin pregnancies contained in the register, as compared with the singleton ones.MethodsThe APR has been under the oversight of Melbourne institutional Human Ethics Research Committees; all women enrolled in the APR have provided written informed consent. Data from the APR were transferred to a spreadsheet and then analyzed using simple statistical techniques including logistic regression.ResultsThe population studied comprised 44 twin and 2261 singleton pregnancies; thus, twin pregnancies accounted for 1.91% of all pregnancies studied. The women carrying twins tended to be older than the women with singleton pregnancies to a statistically significant extent, their pregnancies more often originated from assisted fertilization techniques, and their babies were more often delivered by cesarean section. There were no statistically significant differences in relation to antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Individual twins had statistically significantly lower mean birthweights than singleton babies and they were statistically significantly more often involved structurally malformed foetuses. In the first year of life, the twin pregnancies statistically significantly more often produced offspring that were affected by seizures in infancy.SignificanceThe data suggest that there may be an increased hazard of fetal malformation in the offspring of twin pregnancy in women with epilepsy, but that with contemporary standards of management of epilepsy and pregnancy, there is unlikely to be an increased hazard of seizure‐affected pregnancy.
Gabra2 is a genetic modifier of Scn8a encephalopathy in the mouse*
Authors: Yu Wenxi , Hill Sophie F. , Xenakis James G. , Pardo‐Manuel de Villena Fernando , Wagnon Jacy L. , Meisler Miriam H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveSCN8A encephalopathy is a developmental epileptic encephalopathy typically caused by de novo gain‐of‐function mutations in Nav1.6. Severely affected individuals exhibit refractory seizures, developmental delay, cognitive disabilities, movement disorders, and elevated risk of sudden death. Patients with the identical SCN8A variant can differ in clinical course, suggesting a role for modifier genes in determining disease severity. The identification of genetic modifiers contributes to understanding disease pathogenesis and suggesting therapeutic interventions.MethodsWe generated F1 and F2 crosses between inbred mouse strains and mice carrying the human pathogenic variants SCN8A‐R1872W and SCN8A‐N1768D. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of seizure‐related phenotypes was used for chromosomal mapping of modifier loci.ResultsIn an F2 cross between strain SJL/J and C57BL/6J mice carrying the patient mutation R1872W, we identified a major QTL on chromosome 5 containing the Gabra2 gene. Strain C57BL/6J carries a splice site mutation that reduces expression of Gabra2, encoding the α2 subunit of the aminobutyric acid type A receptor. The protective wild‐type allele of Gabra2 from strain SJL/J delays the age at seizure onset and extends life span of the Scn8a mutant mice. Additional Scn8a modifiers were observed in the F2 cross and in an F1 cross with strain C3HeB/FeJ.SignificanceThese studies demonstrate that the SJL/J strain carries multiple modifiers with protective effects against seizures induced by gain‐of‐function mutations in Scn8a. Homozygosity for the hypomorphic variant of Gabra2 in strain C57BL/6J is associated with early seizure onset and short life span. GABRA2 is a potential therapeutic target for SCN8A encephalopathy.
Balancing Breeding for Growth and Fecundity in Radiata Pine (Pinus radiataD. Don) Breeding Programme
Authors: Wu Harry X. , Ker Richard , Chen Zhiqiang , Ivkovic Milos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTree breeding has focused on increasing stem volume growth with a cost to fecundity. However, fecundity is important in maintaining the fitness in natural stands and facilitating cross‐pollination to advance breeding populations. Understanding the inheritance of fecundity and the genetic relationship between fecundity and growth is essential to understand the constraints of evolution in natural population and design an optimal selection strategy to balance breeding for growth and fecundity. Inheritance of female fecundity and the genetic relationship between fecundity and growth in radiata pine were investigated using a large Australia‐wide progeny test, planted on eight sites involving 279 control‐pollinated families. It was found that fecundity of female cones was highly heritable with an estimated heritability of 0.39–0.61, but genetically correlated with growth (−0.30 to −0.39). This indicates that improvement in tree growth alone could reduce the fecundity, thus to break the possible evolutionary constraint in natural population. To maintain fecundity for breeding purposes and minimize the interruption of the evolutionary constraint between fecundity and growth, use of a restraint selection index to impose no change of fecundity is developed in current breeding, while dissecting the genetic basis of adversely correlated traits at loci level is required for optimal long‐term strategy.
Equine conidiobolomycosis: A review and case study
Authors: Zetterström S. , Hanson R. , Velloso Alvarez A. , Caldwell F. , Boone L. , Schumacher J. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryConidiobolus coronatusis one of the most commonly identified upper respiratory fungal pathogens in horses. This article includes a review of clinical signs, diagnostics, treatment and outcomes in previously reported cases of equine conidiobolomycosis, as well as six additional cases seen at our hospital. Each of the six horses presented with a complaint of serosanguinous or haemorrhagic nasal discharge and conidiobolomycosis was confirmed by histopathology and fungal culture. Five horses recovered after administration of antifungal drugs alone (n = 4) or in combination with extensive nasal septum resection (n = 1). Surgical treatment alone was ineffective. One horse was euthanised without treatment because of the extent of the disease.
An intelligent control strategy for cancer cells reduction in patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia using the reinforcement learning and considering side effects of the drug
Authors: Noori Amin , Alfi Alireza , Noori Ghazaleh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChronic Myelogenous Leukaemia (CML) is a haematopoietic stem cells disease with complex dynamical behaviour. One of the effective factors in treating patients is to determine the appropriate drug dosage. A physician should test the different drug dosages through trial and error in order to find its optimal value. This procedure is normally a time‐consuming and error‐prone task that can even be harmful. The contribution of this paper is to design an intelligent control strategy, which can be used to help physicians, by finding a drug treatment regimen to minimize the number of cancer cells for a CML patient. In this paper, the eligibility traces algorithm and Q‐learning approach are adopted as sub‐optimal methods for progressively reducing the population of cancer cells. In addition, the injected dosage of the drug has improved, compared with previous methods. More importantly, the proposed method is followed by the reduction in side effects of the drug. The advantage of the backward view and the previous states investigation are applied in the Eligibility Traces algorithm. These effects increase the learning procedure and decrease the growth rate of cancer cells and total dosage of the injected drug during the treatment period of time. The proposed strategy mitigates the side effects of the drug on the normal cells.
Associations of mothers' source of feeding information with longitudinal trajectories of sugar‐sweetened beverage intake, 100% juice intake and adiposity in early childhood
Authors: Korn Ariella R. , Economos Christina D. , Hammond Ross A. , Hennessy Erin , Kalkwarf Heidi J. , Must Aviva , Woo Jessica G. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryBackgroundThere remains a need to understand how information sources can promote young children's healthy beverage consumption and prevent obesity.ObjectivesTo examine associations of mothers' primary feeding information source with children's sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) intake, 100% juice intake and adiposity between ages 3 and 7 years.MethodsWe analyzed data from a prospective cohort study (n = 371 children; 13 visits). Mothers reported their primary feeding information source at baseline and completed child 3‐day dietary records each visit. Child adiposity indicators were calculated from repeated height/weight measurements and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Longitudinal models examined beverage intakes and adiposity over time by source.ResultsPrimary feeding information sources included doctors (48.2%), mothers (17.5%), grandmothers (13.5%), other healthcare professionals (11.3%) and other family/friends (9.4%). Children's juice intake with age differed by source (P interaction = 0.03), with steepest and slightest intake decreases in the doctor (−19.7% each year; 95% CI: −23.7%, −15.5%) and grandmother (−5.0%; −14.5%, 5.5%) subgroups, respectively. Children's SSB intake did not differ by source, but increased annually by 7.1% (4.5%, 9.8%) overall. The grandmother subgroup had the greatest child adiposity over time.ConclusionsMothers' primary feeding information source may have important, yet heterogeneous, influences on young children's beverage intakes and adiposity over time. Consistent evidence‐based messages are likely needed.