bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coverage of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in four sub-Saharan countries: findings from household surveys
Authors: Pons-Duran Clara , Llach Mireia , Sacoor Charfudin , Sanz Sergi , Macete Eusebio , Arikpo Iwara , Ramírez Máximo , Meremikwu Martin , Mbombo Ndombe Didier , Méndez Susana , Manun’Ebo Manu F , Ramananjato Ranto , Rabeza Victor R , Tholandi Maya , Roman Elaine , Pagnoni Franco , González Raquel , Menéndez Clara 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is a key malaria prevention strategy in areas with moderate to high transmission. As part of the TIPTOP (Transforming IPT for Optimal Pregnancy) project, baseline information about IPTp coverage was collected in eight districts from four sub-Saharan countries: Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Madagascar, Mozambique and Nigeria.

Methods
Cross-sectional household surveys were conducted using a multistage cluster sampling design to estimate the coverage of IPTp and antenatal care attendance. Eligible participants were women of reproductive age who had ended a pregnancy in the 12 months preceding the interview and who had resided in the selected household during at least the past 4 months of pregnancy. Coverage was calculated using percentages and 95% confidence intervals.

Results
A total of 3911 women were interviewed from March to October 2018. Coverage of at least three doses of IPTp (IPTp3+) was 22% and 24% in DRC project districts; 23% and 12% in Madagascar districts; 11% and 16% in Nigeria local government areas; and 63% and 34% in Mozambique districts. In DRC, Madagascar and Nigeria, more than two-thirds of women attending at least four antenatal care visits during pregnancy received less than three doses of IPTp.

Conclusions
The IPTp3+ uptake in the survey districts was far from the universal coverage. However, one of the study districts in Mozambique showed a much higher coverage of IPTp3+ than the other areas, which was also higher than the 2018 average national coverage of 41%. The reasons for the high IPTp3+ coverage in this Mozambican district are unclear and require further study.
Revisiting the Emotion–Risk Interaction: Do Anger and Fear Moderate the Impact of Risk on Public Support for War?
Authors: Sakstrup Casper , Hansen Kristina Jessen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA key claim in the study of emotions is that anger makes people less responsive to risks, whereas fear makes people more responsive. Although risk is a fundamental concern in the area of military conflict, no studies have directly tested whether anger and fear moderate the impact of risk on public support for war. We test this key claim with casualty risks as our case. Across five experiments (N = 4,559), utilizing well-established treatment material to vary casualty risk and induce emotions, we replicate the central finding that higher casualty risk decreases support for war. Emotions, however, do not moderate the effect of risk. These findings, combined with limitations in existing research, raise debate about the empirical robustness of the prominent emotion–risk interaction as well as widely used emotion inductions.
Connecting the Dots: Translating the Vaginal Microbiome Into a Drug
Authors: Lagenaur Laurel A , Hemmerling Anke , Chiu Charles , Miller Steve , Lee Peter P , Cohen Craig R , Parks Thomas P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota (VMB) has been associated with health and considered an important host defense mechanism against urogenital infections. Conversely, depletion of lactobacilli and increased microbial diversity, amplifies the risk of adverse gynecologic and obstetric outcomes. A common clinical condition that exemplifies dysbiosis is bacterial vaginosis (BV). BV is currently treated with antibiotics, but frequently recurs, due in part to persistent dysbiosis and failure of lactobacilli to repopulate the vagina. New treatment options are needed to address BV. The VMB is relatively simple and optimally dominated by one or several species of Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus crispatus is strongly associated with vaginal health and depleted in dysbiosis. Replenishing the dysbiotic VMB with protective L. crispatus CTV-05 is a promising approach to prevent recurrent infections and improve women’s health. Here we discuss confirmation of this approach with the microbiome-based biologic drug, LACTIN-V (L. crispatus CTV-05), focusing on prevention of BV recurrence.
Evaluation of Vitek®2 performance for colistin susceptibility testing for Gram-negative isolates
Authors: Khurana Surbhi , Malhotra Rajesh , Mathur Purva 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The emerging resistance to the last-resort antimicrobial colistin is being reported globally. Underestimation of the burden of colistin resistance and misinterpretation of colistin susceptibility test results, using suboptimal testing methods, may be causing unexplained treatment failures and even mortality among critically ill patients. Thus, this study was conducted at an apex trauma centre to assess the performance of Vitek®2 for colistin susceptibility testing.

Methods
A total of 910 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), including Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were tested and analysed for colistin resistance using Vitek®2. Broth microdilution (BMD) was taken as the reference method. The essential (EA) and categorical (CA) agreements and very major error (VME) and major error (ME) rates were calculated. An MIC correlation was taken to be positive with EA ≥ 90%, CA ≥ 90%, VME ≤ 1.5% and ME ≤ 3.0% rates. Spearman’s coefficient was calculated and P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 64% of isolates were MDR. Overall, 196 (21.5%) and 110 (12%) of isolates were resistant to colistin by BMD and Vitek®2, respectively. The automated Vitek®2 method failed to detect the resistance in up to 48.5% of GNB tested. When comparing Vitek®2 colistin interpretive results with reference BMD for all 910 isolates, the CA was 88% (798/910) with 10% (95/910) VMEs and 1% (9/910) MEs.

Conclusions
The Vitek®2 method for colistin susceptibility testing, still in use in some settings; is a suboptimal and unreliable method.
Effects of technology-supported exercise programs on the knee pain, physical function, and quality of life of individuals with knee osteoarthritis and/or chronic knee pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chen Tianrong , Or Calvin Kalun , Chen Jiayin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
The study sought to examine the effects of technology-supported exercise programs on the knee pain, physical function, and quality of life of individuals with knee osteoarthritis and/or chronic knee pain by a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Materials and Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to August 2020. A meta-analysis and subgroup analyses, stratified by technology type and program feature, were conducted.

Results
Twelve randomized controlled trials were reviewed, all of which implemented the programs for 4 weeks to 6 months. Telephone, Web, mobile app, computer, and virtual reality were used to deliver the programs. The meta-analysis showed that these programs were associated with significant improvements in knee pain (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.48 to −0.10; P = .003) and quality of life (SMD = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.46; P = .02) but not with significant improvement in physical function (SMD = 0.22; 95% CI, 0 to 0.43; P = .053). Subgroup analyses showed that some technology types and program features were suggestive of potential benefits.

Conclusions
Using technology to deliver the exercise programs appears to offer benefits. The technology types and program features that were associated with health values have been identified, based on which suggestions are discussed for the further research and development of such programs.
Life-History Traits and Flight Capacity of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Using Artificial Diets With Varying Sugar Content
Authors: Su Sha , Wang Xueting , Jian Chengzhi , Ignatus Amedius Dwigo , Zhang Xiaohe , Peng Xiong , Chen Maohua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Successful application of the sterile insect technique (SIT), an environmentally friendly control technology, mainly depends on mass-rearing of high-quality and high-performance insects. For mass-rearing of insects, the development of artificial diets is a key component. For optimal insect growth and development, sugar is an essential nutrient as it provides energy for flight. To date, few studies have analyzed the effects of different sugar contents on the biological parameters, including the flight capacity of Grapholita molesta, a globally important economic pest. Artificial diets with different sucrose contents (0, 15, and 30 g) were evaluated in two consecutive generations. The insect flight mill was used to study the G. molesta flight capacity. The larval and pupal periods, adult longevity and pupal weight of the first-generation of G. molesta reared on artificial diets with different sucrose contents were significantly different. Insects of the second-generation had a shorter larval period, greater adult longevity, and heavier larvae and pupae in the treatment with 30 g of sucrose than using 15 g. Among the males, strong, medium, and weak flight capacities were recorded and the weakest one was observed in the diet without sucrose. Results showed that the proportion of insects with highest flight capacity increased with increasing sucrose content in insects of the second generation. It can be concluded that sucrose content is a key determinant in the biological traits, including flight capacity of G. molesta, and should be taken into consideration during the mass-rearing of the pest for SIT.
Analysing Norm-Based Advocacy Strategies to Address Asylum on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Europe
Authors: Schnyder Melissa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Whether and under what circumstances forced migrants can claim asylum on the basis of their sexual orientation or gender identity (SOGI) are questions that have received much attention in recent years as issues of human security are increasingly considered by scholars, civil society organization (CSO) practitioners, and the international community. Although there is an international institutional framework in place that establishes the bases for claiming asylum, SOGI is not explicitly mentioned, resulting in institutional gaps that potentially expose survivors of SOGI-related human rights violations to the risk of being denied international protection. At the regional level, individual member states within the European Union (EU) can interpret international legislation differently, resulting in inconsistencies in terms of who is granted protection. This situation has mobilized many CSOs to take action and work to create normative change. This article analyses how specific norm-based strategies for change that have been identified in advocacy work addressing other social and political issues are currently being applied to advocate for SOGI as a formal basis for claiming international protection in Europe. The analysis draws upon CSO documents, writings, and discourse in order to identify the norms they criticize and attempt to weaken, and to uncover the alternative norms they promote. Because norms are a key component of both formal and informal institutions, the article sheds light on how CSOs can use norm-based strategies as powerful mechanisms for advancing political and social change.
Ibn Khaldūn Between Legal Theory and Legal Practice
Authors: Laabdi Mourad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Modern studies of Ibn Khaldūn (d. 808/1406) have covered several aspects of his thought including historiography, pedagogy, philosophy, economy, urbanism and, most recently, mysticism. However, there remains conspicuously little on the place of the law within his intellectual enterprise despite the fact that the law had played a central role in his career as scholar, teacher, and statesman. This paper reconstructs two expressions of his relationship with the law: his conceptualization of it as a scholar, and his practice of it as a justice administrator. It first examines Ibn Khaldūn’s legal training, writings and performance, with close attention to his role as a Mālikī chief judge in Mamlūk Egypt. Then, it probes his perspective on the development of Islamic law and its institutions through a systematic analysis of his account of fiqh and uṣūl al-fiqh in the Muqaddima. The paper concludes that Ibn Khaldūn’s narrative fulfills two main tendencies: to contribute a critical analysis of the history of Islamic law, and to represent this history in a novel fashion through his theory of society and culture (ʿilm al-ʿumrān).
Molecular Characterization of Mosquito Diversity in the Balearic Islands
Authors: Delgado-Serra Sofía , Viader Miriam , Ruiz-Arrondo Ignacio , Miranda Miguel Ángel , Barceló Carlos , Bueno-Marí Rubén , Hernández-Triana Luis M , Miquel Marga , Lester Katherine , Jurado-Rivera Jose Antonio , Paredes-Esquivel Claudia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases have taken place in Europe in recent years. In Spain, both active and passive surveillance have demonstrated that dengue and West Nile viruses are currently circulating, and seven autochthonous dengue cases have been reported in the last 2 yr. The effectiveness of vector control programs largely depends on the accuracy of the taxonomic identification of the species. However, in Spain, identification almost completely relies on the use of morphological keys to characterize the mosquito fauna. This study investigates the congruence between molecular and morphological species boundaries in 13 Spanish mosquito taxa. The Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region was sequenced from 60 adult specimens collected in Mallorca, plus several representatives from other Spanish regions for comparative purposes. Phylogenetic relationships were established using Bayesian and maximum-likelihood approaches. Using three species delimitation algorithms (ABGD, mPTP, and GMYC), we found strong evidence for cryptic speciation within Anopheles algeriensis Theobald, a widespread mosquito in the Mediterranean basin. We also delimited the Mallorcan rock pool mosquito Aedes mariae (Sergent & Sergent), from mainland European populations. Finally, we found difficulties in the use of wing characters in species keys to distinguish Culiseta annulata (Schrk) from Culiseta subochrea (Edwards). Given that these species are vectors of pathogens of medical relevance and have veterinary importance, their accurate taxonomic identification is essential in European vector surveillance programs.
Phosphorylation of histone H3 by Haspin regulates chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis in maize
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Chunhui , Su Handong , Birchler James A , Han Fangpu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In human cells, Haspin-mediated histone H3 threonine 3 (H3T3) phosphorylation promotes centromeric localization of the chromosomal passenger complex, thereby ensuring proper kinetochore–microtubule attachment. Haspin also binds to PDS5 cohesin-associated factor B (Pds5B), antagonizing the Wings apart-like protein homolog (Wapl)–Pds5B interaction and thus preventing Wapl from releasing centromeric cohesion during mitosis. However, the role of Haspin in plant chromosome segregation is not well understood. Here, we show that in maize (Zea mays) mitotic cells, ZmHaspin localized to the centromere during metaphase and anaphase, whereas it localized to the telomeres during meiosis. These results suggest that ZmHaspin plays different roles during mitosis and meiosis. Knockout of ZmHaspin led to decreased H3T3 phosphorylation and histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation, and defects in chromosome alignment and segregation in mitosis. These lines of evidence suggest that Haspin regulates chromosome segregation in plants via the mechanism described for humans, namely, H3T3 phosphorylation. Plant Haspin proteins lack the RTYGA and PxVxL motifs needed to bind Pds5B and heterochromatin protein 1, and no obvious cohesion defects were detected in ZmHaspin knockout plants. Taken together, these results highlight the conserved but slightly different roles of Haspin proteins in cell division in plants and in animals.
Empirical estimates of the Galactic halo contribution to the dispersion measures of extragalactic fast radio bursts using X-ray absorption
Authors: Das Sanskriti , Mathur Smita , Gupta Anjali , Nicastro Fabrizio , Krongold Yair 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We provide an empirical list of the Galactic dispersion measure (DMGal) contribution to the extragalactic fast radio bursts (FRBs) along 72 sightlines. It is independent of any model of the Galaxy, i.e. we do not assume the density of the disc or the halo, spatial extent of the halo, baryonic mass content, or any such external constraints to measure DMGal. We use 21-cm, UV, EUV, and X-ray data to account for different phases, and find that DMGal is dominated by the hot phase probed by X-ray absorption. We improve upon the measurements of N($\rm{O}\,{\small VII}$) and f$_{\rm O\,{\small VII}}$ compared to previous studies, thus providing a better estimate of the hot phase contribution. The median DMGal = 64$^{+20}_{-23}$ cm−3 pc, with a 68 per cent (90 per cent) confidence interval of 33–172 (23–660) cm−3 pc. The DMGal does not appear to follow any trend with the Galactic longitude or latitude, and there is a large scatter around the values predicted by simple disc + spherical halo models. Our measurements provide more complete and accurate estimates of DMGal independent from the previous studies. We provide a table and a code to retrieve DMGal for any FRB localized in the sky.
Coronal-line forest active galactic nuclei – I. Physical properties of the emission-line regions
Authors: Cerqueira-Campos F C , Rodríguez-Ardila A , Riffel R , Marinello M , Prieto A , Dahmer-Hahn L G 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Coronal-line forest (CLiF) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are characterized by strong high-ionization lines, which contrasts with what is found in most AGNs. Here, we carry out a multiwavelength analysis aimed at understanding the physical processes in the narrow-line region (NLR) of these objects, and at discovering whether they are indeed a special class of AGNs. By comparing coronal emission-line ratios we conclude that there are no differences between CLiF and non-CLiF AGNs. We derive physical conditions of the NLR gas and we find electron densities in the range of 3.6 × 102 to 1.7 × 104 cm−3 and temperatures of 3.7 × 103 to 6.3 × 104 K, suggesting that the ionization mechanism is associated primarily with photoionization by the AGN. We suggest an NLR dominated by matter-bounded clouds to explain the high-ionization line spectrum observed. The mass of the central black hole, derived from the stellar velocity dispersion, shows that most of the objects have values in the interval 107–108 M⊙. Our results imply that CLiF AGNs are not in a separate category of AGNs. In all optical/near-infrared emission-line properties analysed, they represent an extension to the low/high ends of the distribution within the AGN class.
ALMA survey of Lupus class III stars: Early planetesimal belt formation and rapid disc dispersal
Authors: Lovell J B , Wyatt M C , Ansdell M , Kama M , Kennedy G M , Manara C F , Marino S , Matrà L , Rosotti G , Tazzari M , Testi L , Williams J P 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Class III stars are those in star forming regions without large non-photospheric infrared emission, suggesting recent dispersal of their protoplanetary discs. We observed 30 class III stars in the 1–3 Myr Lupus region with ALMA at ∼856μm, resulting in four detections that we attribute to circumstellar dust. Inferred dust masses are 0.036–0.093M⊕, ∼1 order of magnitude lower than any previous measurements; one disc is resolved with radius ∼80 au. Two class II sources in the field of view were also detected, and 11 other sources, consistent with sub-mm galaxy number counts. Stacking non-detections yields a marginal detection with mean dust mass ∼0.0048M⊕. We searched for gas emission from the CO J = 3–2 line, and present its detection to NO Lup inferring a gas mass (4.9 ± 1.1) × 10−5 M⊕ and gas-to-dust ratio 1.0 ± 0.4. Combining our survey with class II sources shows a gap in the disc mass distribution from 0.09–2M⊕ for ${\gt}0.7\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ Lupus stars, evidence of rapid dispersal of mm-sized dust from protoplanetary discs. The class III disc mass distribution is consistent with a population model of planetesimal belts that go on to replenish the debris discs seen around main sequence stars. This suggests that planetesimal belt formation does not require long-lived protoplanetary discs, i.e. planetesimals form within ∼2 Myr. While all four class III discs are consistent with collisional replenishment, for two the gas and/or mid-IR emission could indicate primordial circumstellar material in the final stages of protoplanetary disc dispersal. Two class III stars without sub-mm detections exhibit hot emission that could arise from ongoing planet formation processes inside ∼1 au.
BRENDA, the ELIXIR core data resource in 2021: new developments and updates
Authors: Chang Antje , Jeske Lisa , Ulbrich Sandra , Hofmann Julia , Koblitz Julia , Schomburg Ida , Neumann-Schaal Meina , Jahn Dieter , Schomburg Dietmar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The BRENDA enzyme database (https://www.brenda-enzymes.org), established in 1987, has evolved into the main collection of functional enzyme and metabolism data. In 2018, BRENDA was selected as an ELIXIR Core Data Resource. BRENDA provides reliable data, continuous curation and updates of classified enzymes, and the integration of newly discovered enzymes. The main part contains &gt;5 million data for ∼90 000 enzymes from ∼13 000 organisms, manually extracted from ∼157 000 primary literature references, combined with information of text and data mining, data integration, and prediction algorithms. Supplements comprise disease-related data, protein sequences, 3D structures, genome annotations, ligand information, taxonomic, bibliographic, and kinetic data. BRENDA offers an easy access to enzyme information from quick to advanced searches, text- and structured-based queries for enzyme-ligand interactions, word maps, and visualization of enzyme data. The BRENDA Pathway Maps are completely revised and updated for an enhanced interactive and intuitive usability. The new design of the Enzyme Summary Page provides an improved access to each individual enzyme. A new protein structure 3D viewer was integrated. The prediction of the intracellular localization of eukaryotic enzymes has been implemented. The new EnzymeDetector combines BRENDA enzyme annotations with protein and genome databases for the detection of eukaryotic and prokaryotic enzymes.