bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Waktu Perendaman terhadap Daya Serap Air dan Uji Tekan pada Paving Block Plastik-Pasir
Authors: N Priyanto Rizki , N P G Suardana , C I P K Kencanawati 
Published: December 2020

Sampah merupakan salah satu bentuk limbah yang terdapat di lingkungan masayarakat. Salah satu jenis sampah yang sulit untuk diuraikan adalah sampah plastik. Pencemaran akibat sampah plastik mengakibatkan dampak kesehatan dan juga dampak pada lingkungan. Peneliti menggunakan bahan yaitu pasir dengan berukuran 2-3 mm sebagai penguat dan plastik, sebagai pengikat. Pasir dan plastik diaduk dan dipanaskan pada tungku hingga mencapai suhu 200°C. Pada penelitian ini proses Pengujian menggunakan ASTM sebagai acuan, seperti ASTM D695 untuk pengujian kekuatan tekan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman terhadap daya serap air dan uji tekan pada paving block plastik-pasir. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa daya serap air tertinggi diperoleh dengan perbandingan 1:4 dengan lama perendaman 60 hari menghasilkan nilai daya serap air 4,15%. kekuatan tekan dengan hasil nilai kuat tekan terbesar pada perbandingan 1:2 adalah 27,3 MPa, dan untuk pada perbandingan 1:4 nilai kuat tekan terbesar adalah 26,7 MPa, sedangkan nilai kuat tekan perbandingan 1:2 tanpa perendaman memiliki nilai kuat tekan 30,7 MPa, dan untuk perbandingan 1:4 tanpa perendaman memiliki kuat tekan sebesar 27,3 MPa, Hasil uji kekuatan tekan ini dapat dibuktikan dengan hasil uji morfologi melalui foto mikro.
Media sosial, komunikasi pembangunan, dan munculnya kelompok-kelompok berdaya
Authors: Jaya Pajar Hatma Indra 
Published: December 2020

Setiap tahun pemerintah telah mengeluarkan banyak dana untuk program pemberdayaan masyarakat, namun hasilnya belum banyak memunculkan kelompok-kelompok berdaya, apalagi menurunkan angka kemiskinan. Meskipun demikian di Yogyakarta ada beberapa komunitas yang muncul, tumbuh, dan berkembang dalam kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Salah satu komunitas berdaya tersebut adalah kelompok Mina Julantoro di Kecamatan Gedungkiwo yang mampu mengelola selokan kotor menjadi destinasi wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu bagaimana proses munculnya kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat di kelompok tersebut. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proses muncul dan berkembangnya pemberdayaan di kelompok Mina Julantoro terjadi karena proses peniruan dari video tentang keberhasilan program pengelolaan selokan di Singosaren Bantul yang viral dan menyebar secara cepat di media sosial. Keberhasilan program selokan bersih di Dusun Singosaren Bantul memengaruhi munculnya kegiatan serupa di tempat lain. Media sosial menjadi saluran komunikasi pembangunan dalam penyebaran gagasan positif sehingga memunculkan gerakan masyarakat untuk melakukan peniruan. Proses pemberdayaan melalui media sosial dimulai dengan pendokumentasian dalam bentuk video yang kemudian dikomunikasikan ke masyarakat luas dengan cara diunggah di YouTube dan diviralkan di grup WhatsApp. Tayangan tersebut membuat masyarakat tertarik untuk melihat, berkunjung, belajar, dan meniru. Ketika masyarakat telah mempunyai semangat dan gagasan pembangunan dari media sosial maka penyuluh pembangunan tinggal berperan sebagai enabler (pemungkin) untuk menjadi broker dan menjalankan peran teknis.
The Expertise Function of Amicus Curiae in International Criminal Justice
Authors: Kopylova E. A. 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION. While abroad over the past decades both comprehensive research and publications touching on individual aspects of amicus curiae in international law have been edited, it garnered only very little scholarly attention in Russian scientific literature. The frequency of its use and the nature of its impact on international judicial and quasi-judicial proceedings vary among branches of international law. This article considers one of the functions that an amicus curiae may perform in international criminal proceedings – the function of expertise.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article is based on the existing volume of scientific knowledge in different branches of international law, such as law of international treaties, international criminal law, law of international organizations, human rights law, international economic law, history of international law and others. The research is based on the conclusions and inferences achieved mainly in the foreign doctrine of international law including publications of this year, due to the low degree of development of the topic in Russian literature. The empirical basis of the research is formed by international legal acts, internal acts of international criminal tribunals, materials of proceedings relating to interstate disputes, international advisory proceedings, practice of international criminal courts. The methodology used is a combination of general scientific methods of cognition (methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, critical and dialectical) and private scientific methods typical for legal sciences (historical, comparative).RESEARCH RESULTS. International criminal courts actively rely on the amicus curiae mechanism to obtain information, both legal and factual, on issues under consideration in criminal proceedings. The admission of amicus curiae to international criminal proceedings is entirely at the discretion of the judiciary. In practice, amicus curiae applications are submitted by subjects of international law, international non-governmental organizations, natural and legal persons and professional associations.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Too frequent use of amicus curiae mechanism seems to be difficult to reconcile with the iura novit curia maxima. Its current practice provides fertile ground for all kinds of abuse and needs to be reviewed. In particular, the experience of the UN International Court of Justice, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the UN Commission on International Trade Law could be instructive in this regard.
Legal Convergence as a Trend of Global Legal development. Review of the Monograph: Bezborodov Yu.S. “Methods and Forms of Legal Convergence in International Law”. Moscow, Prospect, 2020. 240 p. (in Russian).
Authors: Khalafyan R. M. 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION. The review reflects the specifics of the methodological approach, implemented by Yu.S. Bezborodov in the analysis of the current phase of interaction between national legal systems and international law. Reference is made to the creation of a new conception that employs the notion of legal convergence to reveal the mechanism of getting national legal systems affinitive to each other. Attention is drawn to the content of legal convergence, the reasons for its dissemination, the link with international law as well as the correlation of convergence with related categories – globalization, universalization, sovereignty, etc. The author’s views on the interrelation between sovereignty and supranationality, universalization and localization as conditions of functioning of international law, constituting the predominant basis of convergence of national legal systems, are presented. The evaluation is given to the author’s position concerning the methods of legal convergence, in particular international legal integration. The emphasis is given to correlation of the presented forms of legal convergence. It is pointed out that comparative and legal analysis of integration in different regions of the world, including in the post-Soviet space, is important for understanding the current results of legal convergence.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study is based on the conclusions and approaches formulated in the peer-reviewed monograph as well as the materials of the domestic and international legal doctrine on the subject-matter concerned. In writing the review the author used general and special scientific methods.RESEARCH RESULTS. The convergence of national legal systems and international law is influenced by different processes either inherent to the mechanism of international legal regulation or extraneous to it. They are distinguished by their considerable specificity and varied character. However, they do not impede legal convergence to be realized through various forms and methods.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The review of the scientific work led to the following conclusions: a) the author managed to present his own non-contradictory conception of convergence of national legal systems and demonstrate its connection with a number of current social phenomena; b) the monograph provides convincing arguments for the proposed forms and methods of legal convergence; c) the comparative legal characteristics of the regional international integration organizations are detailed and allows to form quite complete and correct comprehension of them. In addition, the review outlines a number of issues interesting for further discussion.
Offshore Registration of Aircraft
Authors: Tolstykh V. L. 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION. The concept of nationality of an aircraft is borrowed from the law of the sea; it is currently enshrined in the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation of 1944. Registration performs several functions: firstly, it allows the identification of an aircraft; secondly, it implies the obligation of the state of registration to control its operation; thirdly, it implies the responsibility of the state of registration in the event of failure to exercise such control.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research was done on the basis of the Chicago Convention of 1944, Cape Town Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment 2001, Protocol on Matters Specific to Aircraft Equipment 2001, acts of Russian legislation and acts of offshore legislation, primarily Air Navigation Order 2013. The research involved historical method, methods of formal logic and comparative legal method. The main objective was to develop proposals aimed at increasing the attractiveness of the Russian registry.RESEARCH RESULTS. The Russian registration system has several shortcomings: lack of a codified act; presence of two authorities with overlapping competencies (the Interstate Aviation Committee and the Federal Air Transport Agency); high customs duties on the import of certain types of aircrafts. To this should be added the shortcomings relating to the organization of the registration process: a high degree of its bureaucratization, lengthiness, shortage of qualified specialists, etc. The registration of an aircraft in offshore, on the contrary, implies a number of advantages: speed and “friendliness”, confidentiality of beneficiary data, absence of VAT and customs duties, quality of airworthiness control.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The problem can be resolved imperatively – by fixing the strict obligation of airlines to register aircraft in the domestic registry under the threat of non-issuance or revocation of the operator’s certificate. If, however, this registry does not meet international standards, this measure will adversely affect the development of the aviation sector and the safety of transport. In this regard, the creation of a transparent, holistic and efficient registration system meets the interests of the state no less than the interests of airlines. With regard to the Russian Federation, achieving this goal involves completing a number of tactical tasks, aimed at simplifying formalities, ensuring recognition of the Russian registration system and stimulating trade turnover.
Reduced 2-D Frontal Plane Motion During Single-Limb Landing Is Associated With Risk of Future Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Rupture After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Return to Sport: A Pilot Study
Authors: Poston Grant R. , Schmitt Laura C. , Ithurburn Matthew P. , Hugentobler Jason A. , Thomas Staci , Paterno Mark V. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives To evaluate the association between 2-D frontal plane movement and second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk in young athletes at return to sport (RTS) after ACL reconstruction. Design Prospective cohort. Methods Forty-nine participants who had ACL reconstruction (mean ± SD age, 16.5 ± 3.0 years) performed a single-leg drop landing from a 31-cm box at the time of their RTS. Frontal plane trunk, pelvis, and knee angles were measured using 2-D video analysis at the point of maximum depth during landing. Summated frontal plane angles were calculated by adding trunk, pelvis, and knee angles. Participants were grouped based on whether or not they sustained an ACL graft rupture over the 24 months after RTS. Results Seven participants (14%) sustained an ipsilateral graft rupture within 24 months after RTS. Participants who suffered a second ACL injury had a significant reduction in the summated frontal plane angle of the trunk, pelvis, and knee (P = .018) and of the trunk and knee (P = .02) compared to those who did not suffer a second injury. For every 5° increase in the summated trunk, pelvis, and knee angle (odds ratio [OR] = 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31, 0.94) and the summated trunk and knee angle (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.94), the athletes were 46% to 52% less likely to sustain a graft rupture. Conclusion Athletes who suffered an ACL graft rupture within 24 months of RTS had a more rigid posture when landing compared to their uninjured peers. The results of this pilot study should be replicated in a larger sample to determine whether this method has merit as a screening tool to identify athletes at high risk for second ACL injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(2):82–87. Epub 25 Dec 2020. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.9302
Recreational Runners With a History of Injury Are Twice as Likely to Sustain a Running-Related Injury as Runners With No History of Injury: A 1-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Desai Pia , Jungmalm Jonatan , Börjesson Mats , Karlsson Jón , Grau Stefan 
Published: December 2020

Objectives To investigate (1) the cumulative incidence proportion and the most common anatomical locations of running-related injuries in recreational runners, and (2) the associations between running-related injuries and previous injury, running experience, weekly running distance, age, sex, and body mass index. Design A 1-year prospective cohort study. Methods Two hundred twenty-four recreational runners (average weekly running distance for the past 12 months, 15 km) were included (89 women, 135 men). Pain information was reported weekly for 1 year, and all running-related injuries that resulted in time loss or medical consultation were recorded. We accounted for censoring when calculating cumulative incidence proportion, and used crude Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate whether the variables of interest were associated with running-related injuries. Results The 1-year cumulative incidence proportion of running-related injuries was 45.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.4%, 54.2%). The most common anatomical locations were the knee (20/75, 27%) and Achilles tendon/calf (19/75, 25%). Previous injury was associated with a higher injury rate (hazard rate ratio = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.2), while the other variables had no statistically significant association with injury. Conclusion There were 75 running-related injuries during the 1-year surveillance period, for a cumulative incidence proportion of 46%. The most common injuries were to the knee and Achilles tendon/calf. Recreational runners with a previous injury were twice as likely to sustain a running-related injury as runners with no previous injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(3):144–150. Epub 25 Dec 2020. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.9673
Current Prehabilitation Programs Do Not Improve the Postoperative Outcomes of Patients Scheduled for Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Janssen Esther R.C. , Punt Ilona M. , Clemens Michel J. , Staal J. Bart , Hoogeboom Thomas J. , Willems Paul C. 
Published: December 2020

Objective To assess the effectiveness of prehabilitation in patients with degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine who are scheduled for spine surgery. Design Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis. Literature Search Seven electronic databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials or propensity-matched cohorts. Study Selection Criteria Studies that measured the effect of prehabilitation interventions (ie, exercise therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]) on physical functioning, pain, complications, adverse events related to prehabilitation, health-related quality of life, psychological outcomes, length of hospital stay, use of analgesics, and return to work were included. Data Synthesis Data were extracted at baseline (preoperatively) and at short-term (6 weeks or less), medium-term (greater than 6 weeks and up to 6 months), and long-term (greater than 6 months) follow-ups. Pooled effects were analyzed as mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Results Cognitive behavioral therapy interventions were no more effective than usual care for all outcomes. Pooled effect sizes were −2.0 (95% CI: −4.4, 0.4) for physical functioning, −1.9 (95% CI: −5.2, 1.4) for back pain, and −0.4 (95% CI: −4.1, 0.4) for leg pain. Certainty of evidence for CBT ranged from very low to low. Only 1 study focused on exercise therapy and found a positive effect on short-term outcomes. Conclusion There was very low–certainty to low-certainty evidence of no additional effect of CBT interventions on outcomes in patients scheduled for lumbar surgery. Existing evidence was too limited to draw conclusions about the effects of exercise therapy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(3):103–114. Epub 25 Dec 2020. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.9748
THE ATTEMPTS OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL REGULATION OF A FEMALE EMPLOYEE’S PRIVATE LIFE IN IMPERIAL RUSSIA AT THE TURN OF THE XIX-XX CENTURIES
Authors: Громова Анна Игоревна 
Published: December 2020

В статье анализируется социальный статус части российских горожанок (служащих) на рубеже XIX-XX вв. Особое внимание уделено занятым в сфере профессионального интеллектуального труда, a также дискриминирующим факторам (более низкий уровень заработной платы по сравнению с мужчинами, невозможность занимать ряд должностей в государственных и общественных учреждениях). Автор демонстрирует особенности контроля за женским целомудрием, репродуктивным поведением женщин и их частной жизнью в целом, анализируя запретительные акты, изданные в те годы, и консервативные взгляды общества. Выявлен и доказан факт того, что запреты и предписания серьезно препятствовали профессиональному росту женщин, лишали их возможности свободно распоряжаться собственным телом. В статье систематизированы способы регулирования женского репродуктивного поведения женщин-служащих, типичные для органов государственной власти имперской России полтора столетия назад.
By the beginning of the XX century, the involvement of Russian women in public life had increased significantly. They have gained access to education and work activities that were previously unavailable to them. At the same time, women employed in intellectual labor were still limited by several discriminatory forces, including a significantly lower level of wages compared to men, the inability to hold many positions in state and public institutions, etc., as well as various regulatory acts designed to control women's «chastity», reproductive behavior and their private life in general. Such prohibitive acts issued by the authorities, and conservative views of society, which reserved for women only the right to fulfill traditional gender roles, not only seriously impeded their professional activities but also deprived them of the opportunity to dispose of their bodies freely. The article analyzes what methods of regulating the corporeality and reproductive function of a female employee were used and implemented in practice by state authorities in Imperial Russia at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and how traditionalist public opinion contributed to this.
N. N. ALYANCHIKOV: ENGINEER, PHILOSOPHER, REFORMER, PRIEST, PATRIOT
Authors: Коршунов Сергей Валерьевич 
Published: December 2020

Никанор Николаевич Алянчиков, купеческий сын из города Касимова, выпускник Императорского Московского технического училища, инженер и директор на ткацких фабриках, реформатор русского языка, политический и общественный православный деятель, эмигрант прожил долгую жизнь в России, Эстонии и Австралии. В статье рассматривается его многогранная деятельность в дореволюционной России и эмиграции, где он оставался русским патриотом.
Nikanor Nikolaevich Alyanchikov, a merchant's son from Kasimov, a graduate of the Imperial Moscow Technical School, an engineer and director at weaving factories, a reformer of the Russian language, a political and public Orthodox figure, an emigrant and this is all one person who has lived a long life in Russia, Estonia and Australia. The article deals with the multifaceted activities of N.N. Alyanchikov in pre-revolutionary Russia and emigration, where he remained a Russian patriot.
IMAGE OF THE IDEAL WOMAN-CITIZEN OF THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC IN THE WOMEN'S PRESS
Authors: Тюренкова Дарья Олеговна 
Published: December 2020

Статья посвящена изучению характера трансляции норм, составляющих образ идеальной гражданки ГДР по материалам женской прессы. Произведён анализ четырёх женских журналов ГДР («DieFrauvonheute», «Für-dich», «Pramo», «Sibylle»), на его основе предпринята попытка выявить детали «собирательного образа» героини каждого из рассмотренных изданий с учётом как требуемого государством «образца», так и редакционной политики и запроса самих читательниц. Автором выявлены сферы реализации женщин, в рамках которых осуществлялась трансляция нормативного поведения в указанных журналах. Рассмотрены составляющие образа идеальной гражданки ГДР в области профессиональной реализации и участия в деятельности общественных организаций, в сфере семейных взаимоотношений - брака и материнства, а также в досуговых практиках.
The article studies the specifics of broadcasting the norms that make up the image of the ideal woman-citizen of the GDR based on the materials of the women's press. The analysis of four women's magazines of the GDR («Die Frau von heute», «Für dich», «Pramo», «Sibylle») has been carried out. On the basis of the analysis, the details of the «collective image» of the heroine of each of the reviewed publications were revealed from the following angles: the «sample» required by the state, the goals of editorial policy, the request of the readers themselves. The author identified the spheres of realization of women, the broadcast of normative behavior within which was carried out in the indicated women's magazines. The components of the image of an ideal woman-citizen of the GDR in the field of professional implementation and participation in the activities of public organizations, in the field of family relationships - marriage and motherhood, as well as in leisure practices are considered.