bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes of gut microbiota between the first and second trimester for women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their correlations with BMI: a nested cohort study in China
Authors: Zhong Shilin , Yang Bingcai , Liu Yuzhen , Dai Wenkui , Li Guanglei , Yang Juan , Yang Ao , Wang Ying , Wang Min , Xu Chang , Deng Yuqing 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionGut microbiota (GM) has been implicated in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), yet longitudinal changes across trimesters remain insufficiently explored.MethodsThis nested cohort study aimed to investigate GM alterations before 24 weeks of gestation and their association with GDM. Ninety-three Chinese participants provided fecal samples during the first and second trimesters. Based on oral glucose tolerance tests, 11 participants were classified as GDM, and 82 as non-diabetic (ND). Using 16S rRNA sequencing, we analyzed both cross-sectional and longitudinal differences in GM structure between those two groups.ResultsIn the first trimester, GDM group exhibited lower levels of Bacteroides_H and Acetatifactor compared to ND group (p &lt; 0.05). In the second trimester, GDM individuals showed increased abundance of Fusobacteriota and Firmicutes_D, and genera including Fusobacterium_A and Fournierella, while Anaerotruncus and others decreased (P&lt;0.05). Inflammation-associated genera like Gemmiger_A_73129 and Enterocloster increased, while Megamonas decreased in overweight or obese GDM women, which was not identified in normal-weight women. The ratios of relative abundance of genera Streptococcus, Enterocloster, and Collinsella exceeded 1.5 in the GDM group, particularly in overweight or obese individuals. Inflammatory pathways related to African trypanosomiasis and Staphylococcus aureus infection were predicted to be up-regulated in overweight or obese GDM individuals but not in normal-weight GDM women.DiscussionThis study suggests that GM of women with GDM undergoes significant alterations between the first and second trimesters, potentially linked to inflammation, with more pronounced changes observed in overweight or obese individuals.
Isolation and characterization of a Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus from fish pond water
Authors: Hong Qian-Ming , Yuan Kai , Zhang Meng-En , Yang Xin-Rui , Chen Qi , Xu Shi-Wei , Chen Wan-Yi , Qian Shi-Xin , Miao Yu-Tao , Zhu Zhi-Ming , Chen Yi-Hong 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe intricate habitats of aquatic organisms, coupled with the prevalence of pathogens, contribute to a high incidence of various diseases, particularly bacterial infections. Consequently, the formulation of sustainable and effective disease management strategies is crucial for the thriving aquaculture sector.Methods and resultsIn this investigation, a strain of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, designated B. bacteriovorus FWA, was isolated from a freshwater fish pond. Identification was achieved through microscopic examination of morphological characteristics, biochemical property assessment, and phylogenetic analysis. The lysogenic capability of B. bacteriovorus FWA was evaluated, revealing its effectiveness in lysing Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Edwardsiella tarda. Physiological analysis indicated that the optimal ratio of B. bacteriovorus FWA to host bacteria was 1:10,000, with strict aerobic requirements. The optimal pH range for growth and reproduction was 7.0–8.0, the ideal temperature was found to be 30–35°C, with a preferred Na+ concentration of 0% and a Ca2+ concentration of 15–25 mM. Additionally, B. bacteriovorus FWA demonstrated enhanced lytic activity against bacteria in aquaculture effluent while effectively managing ammonia-nitrogen levels.DiscussionIn summary, B. bacteriovorus FWA holds significant promise for development as a probiotic agent in aquaculture.
Association of dietary inflammatory index and systemic inflammatory markers with mortality risk in depressed adults: a mediation analysis of NHANES data
Authors: Tang Ming , Chang Xindong , Zheng Haiyan , Zeng Fanyi , Zhang Guangdong , He Mingfei , Fang Qingqing , Yin Shiwu 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundPrevious research has linked systemic inflammatory markers and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with depression. However, the relationship between DII and these markers, and their impact on mortality risk among depressed adults, remains underexplored. This study aims to explore the association between DII and systemic inflammatory markers and their mediating effect on mortality risk in adults with depression.MethodsThis study analyzed data from 4,981 adults with depression in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This study quantified dietary inflammatory potential with the DII and systemic inflammation with the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI). Cox proportional hazards regression and inverse probability weighting evaluated the impact of DII, SII, and SIRI on mortality risk in depressed adults, as well as their mediating effects. Multiple linear regression analyzed the associations between DII and SII/SIRI. Restricted cubic spline analysis explored the non-linear relationship between DII and mortality risk.ResultsIn adjusted regression models, DII, SII, and SIRI were significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk in depressed adults, with hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) from 1.333 to 1.497 (1.051–1.233, 1.689–1.832). DII was linearly related to SII, with βs (95% CIs) from 0.001 to 0.121 (0.001–0.017, 0.001–0.224). SII significantly mediated the DII-mortality risk link, especially in males (8.07%). The DII-mortality relationship was linear (Pnon-linear = 0.174), with a beneficial threshold at 1.62.ConclusionDII and SII are associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in depressed adults. The DII-related mortality risk in depression can be partially mediated by SII, with a more pronounced effect in males.
Yogurt consumption and risk of accelerated aging: A population-based study from the NHANES 2003–2006
Authors: Yue Xinghai , Liu Hongfei , Guo Wenzhao , Gao Yuhang , Shi Shaoshun 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionYogurt consumption is beneficial to health, but its association with aging remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between yogurt consumption and aging using data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsWe used data from 4,056 participants to examine the relationship between yogurt consumption and aging. Yogurt consumers were defined as individuals who consumed yogurt at least once per year. Phenotypic age acceleration was used as a surrogate marker for aging. Nearest-neighbor propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to reduce bias, followed by weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) to investigate the relationship between yogurt consumption and aging.ResultsYogurt consumption was associated with a lower risk of accelerated aging compared to non-consumers (OR = 0.544, 95% CI: 0.354–0.836, p = 0.020). A U-shaped relationship was observed between the frequency of yogurt intake and the risk of accelerated aging. Additionally, yogurt consumption was related to a lower risk of overweight status.DiscussionThese findings suggest that yogurt consumption may reduce the risk of accelerated aging and may also be linked to a lower risk of overweight status. This could provide a promising avenue for exploring the beneficial effects of dietary factors on lifespan extension.
Prediction of soft tissue sarcoma grading using intratumoral habitats and a peritumoral radiomics nomogram: a multi-center preliminary study
Authors: Wang Bo , Guo Hongwei , Zhang Meng , Huang Yonghua , Duan Lisha , Huang Chencui , Xu Jun , Wang Hexiang 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundAccurate identification of pathologic grade before operation is helpful for guiding clinical treatment decisions and improving the prognosis for soft tissue sarcoma (STS).PurposeTo construct and assess a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics nomogram incorporating intratumoral habitats (subregions of clusters of voxels containing similar features) and peritumoral features for the preoperative prediction of the pathological grade of STS.MethodsThe MRI data of 145 patients with STS (74 low-grade and 71 high-grade) from 4 hospitals were retrospectively collected, including enhanced T1-weighted and fat-suppressed-T2-weighted sequences. The patients were divided into training cohort (n = 102) and validation cohort (n = 43). K-means clustering was used to divide intratumoral voxels into three habitats according to signal intensity. A number of radiomics features were extracted from tumor-related regions to construct radiomics prediction signatures for seven subgroups. Logistic regression analysis identified peritumoral edema as an independent risk factor. A nomogram was created by merging the best radiomics signature with the peritumoral edema. We evaluated the performance and clinical value of the model using area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.ResultsA multi-layer perceptron classifier model based on intratumoral habitats and peritumoral features combined gave the best radiomics signature, with an AUC of 0.856 for the validation cohort. The AUC of the nomogram in the validation cohort was 0.868, which was superior to the radiomics signature and the clinical model established by peritumoral edema. The calibration curves and decision curve analyses revealed good calibration and a high clinical application value for this nomogram.ConclusionThe MRI-based nomogram is accurate and effective for predicting preoperative grading in patients with STS.
Global, regional, and national burden of childhood cardiovascular disease: trends from 1990 to 2021
Authors: Wang Mingling , Yi Junling , Chen Zuolei 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundChildhood cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an emerging public health concern, with rising incidence linked to obesity and diabetes. Despite advancements in care, significant disparities persist across regions and socioeconomic groups. This study analyzed the global, regional, and national burden of childhood CVD from 1990 to 2021.MethodsA cross-sectional study utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 was conducted. We analyzed children aged 0–14 years, categorizing them into age groups and assessing trends in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across 204 countries. Statistical analyses included linear regression to calculate estimated annual percentage changes and assess temporal trends.ResultsThe study revealed a 25% global increase in childhood CVD incidence over three decades, with significant disparities observed across different socioeconomic regions. Mortality and DALYs associated with CVD had decreased globally by 59% and 55% respectively, reflecting advances in medical technology and healthcare access. However, these improvements were not uniformly distributed, with low socio-demographic index regions exhibiting both the highest incidences and slowest declines in CVD-related health burdens. Environmental risks, such as extreme temperatures, also contributed to CVD mortality.ConclusionsWhile mortality and DALYs due to childhood CVD have declined globally, rising incidence and persistent disparities highlight the need for targeted interventions. Addressing socio-economic factors and enhancing access to quality care are crucial for reducing the global burden of childhood CVD.
Cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia research: a bibliometric and visualization analysis
Authors: Shu Xiaofeng , Dai Yubin , Tang Juanping , Huang Yi , Hu Rong , Lin Yong 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveCognitive impairment is notably prevalent among schizophrenic individuals and is acknowledged as one of the core features of the disorder. Despite the proliferation of literature on cognitive rehabilitation treatments for schizophrenia in recent years, there remains a dearth of systematic reviews and selections of research in this area. From a bibliometric perspective, this study aims to analyze and discuss the current state, developmental trends, and potential research hotspots of cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia over the past two decades.MethodsThe Core database of Web of Science was utilized to retrieve articles on cognitive rehabilitation in Schizophrenia that were published from 2004 to 2024. Bibliometrics was applied to perform both quantitative and qualitative analyses of authors, institutions, countries, journals, references, and keywords, leveraging tools such as CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the R software package Bibliometrix.ResultsA total of 2,413 articles were encompassed in this study, comprising 1,774 regular articles and 373 review articles. The United States emerged as the country with the highest productivity and citation counts, engaging in academic collaborations with over 40 nations. This was followed by the United Kingdom and Spain. King’s College London stood out as the leading institution in the field. However, the article with the highest average citation rate was authored by Susan R. McGurk from the Dartmouth Centre for Psychiatric Research in the United States. Schizophrenia Research proved to be the most influential journal in this domain, with its articles being cited over 10,000 times.ConclusionThis study provides a comprehensive review of research achievements in cognitive rehabilitation for schizophrenia spanning from 2004 to 2024, and outlines global research hotspots and trends with future projections. Currently, methods for cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia and neural plasticity in the brain represent the cutting-edge of research. The safety, efficacy, and standardization of virtual reality are poised to emerge as potential future hotspots and trends in research. Additionally, the neurobiological foundations of cognitive remediation therapy constitute an unexplored territory ripe for further investigation.
Challenges of maternity continuum of care within the primary health care in northwest Ethiopia: interpretive description using a socio-ecological model
Authors: Mihret Muhabaw Shumye , Alemu Kassahun , Beshah Debrework Tesgera , Gezie Lemma Derseh , Erlandsson Kerstin , Lindgren Helena 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThe maternity continuum of care plays a vital role in improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, its uptake remains low in Ethiopia, highlighting the need to identify challenges within the primary health care system to inform practice. Hence, this study aimed to explore the challenges of the maternity continuum of care within the primary health care system in northwest Ethiopia.MethodsAn interpretive description approach was employed from March 3, 2022, to November 27, 2022, within the primary health care system in northwest Ethiopia. Maximum variation sampling was utilized, comprising 28 in-depth interviews, three focus group discussions with 29 participants, and four key informant interviews. The reflexive thematic analysis method was applied, and the results were mapped onto the constructs of the socio-ecological model.ResultsThe analysis identified four main themes: low maternity healthcare-seeking behavior (intrapersonal level), lack of peer and family support (interpersonal level), cultural influences on maternity care and low community responsiveness (community level), and inadequate health system readiness and response (health facility/system level). Some of the sub-themes include low health literacy and self-efficacy and misconceptions regarding maternity care at the intrapersonal level; peer and family pressure against seeking maternity care, low autonomy, and intimate partner violence at the interpersonal level; cultural influences on pregnancy disclosure and postnatal care and low social accountability at the community level; and delays in accessing ambulance services, long waiting times for maternity care, shortages of essential healthcare supplies, poor coordination of care, inadequate monitoring and evaluation, disrespectful maternity care, and dissatisfaction among healthcare workers at the health facility/system level.ConclusionIntrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and health facility- and system-level challenges have influenced the maternity continuum of care within the primary health care in northwest Ethiopia. Since these challenges are interdependent, considering a holistic approach within primary health care could lead to an improved maternity continuum of care.
The carbon emission reduction effect of smart agricultural policy—evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Jiang Shu , Shen Bing , Mei Yuan Yuan , Zhang Xia Ran 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundAgricultural activities are the second largest source of its greenhouse gas emissions in China, making it imperative to prioritize the reduction of carbon emissions in agriculture to achieve carbon neutrality. Agricultural modernization is recognized as a key strategy for achieving this reduction. In response, China has introduced a smart agriculture policy to catalyze the progress of agricultural modernization. However, it is not clear that the policy will achieve agriculture carbon reductions.PurposeTo examine the impact and mechanism of smart agriculture policy on agricultural carbon emissions, thereby facilitating the transition toward low-carbon practices in agriculture.MethodsUsing panel data across China’s 31 provinces from 2001 to 2020, this paper applies a multi-period differences-in-differences (DID) method to assess the impact and mechanisms of the smart agriculture policy on carbon reduction.Results① The smart agriculture policy exerts a significant positive influence on reducing agricultural carbon emission. ② The policy’s effectiveness is particularly notable in China’s central and western regions and non-grain producing areas, in contrast to the limited impact observed in the eastern provinces and grain-producing areas. ③ Smart agriculture policies have greatly reduced agricultural carbon emissions by promoting the agricultural-scale operation and the advancement of agricultural technology.ConclusionThe paper reveals that smart agriculture policy has a positive effect on carbon emission reduction and provides relevant policy recommendations for the government. This has considerable implications for promoting sustainable agriculture.
Exploring bison producers' access to veterinary services in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Lambrou Natassia H. , Winder Charlotte B. , Spence Kelsey L. 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionAccess to veterinary services is integral for animals of all species. These services play a crucial role in maintaining their health and welfare and maintaining a healthy, safe, and sustainable food system. Research has consistently shown that rural communities face challenges accessing veterinary services, with livestock producers outlining several barriers including cost, inadequate infrastructure, and delays in receiving treatments. Research on bison producers' access to veterinary services is limited, prompting our investigation to address this gap in knowledge. This qualitative study aimed to describe Ontario bison producers' current access to veterinary services and identify how any barriers, as perceived by producers, might impact their herd health and management practices.MethodsOntario bison producers were invited to participate in virtual focus groups to share their perspectives on their access to veterinary services. Audio from the focus groups was recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsDespite all participants indicating they had access to veterinary services, they also encountered obstacles and expressed concerns accessing and utilizing these services. Two overarching themes were identified: producers were concerned about the future stability and costs associated with bison farming, and they had a desire to improve bison-specific knowledge among veterinarians servicing their farms. Producers suggested several strategies to address these concerns, including improving collaborations with veterinary organizations, like the College of Veterinarians of Ontario, to increase veterinarians' exposure to bison, building stronger relationships between producers and their veterinarians, monetary incentives for established food animal veterinarians, and providing financial support to prospective food animal veterinarians.DiscussionThe findings of this study demonstrate that although bison producers in our sample had access to veterinarians, they may not fully utilize the services or find their access entirely beneficial. Future research into the veterinarian perspective would allow for greater insights into these barriers, adding additional value and contributing to a more wholistic understanding of the topic.
Management of Malnutrition in Liver Cancer Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases
Authors: Dajani Asa’d , Kassym Laura , Chung Peter , Abu Hammour Adnan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death globally. Malnutrition is found in 65-90% of patients with liver cancer and often enhances cancer occurrence and complications, deteriorates liver functions, and promotes early development of refractory ascites and hepatic encephalopathy (HE), increasing both morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition may develop as a result of poor dietary intake, anorexia, medications, side effects to chemotherapy, encephalopathy, as well as socioeconomic limitations. A dedicated clinical team should provide proper assessment of patient’s nutritional status and nutrition supplemental plan to restore liver health and prevent or treat malnutrition. Nutrition assessment is based on medical, nutritional, and medication histories, physical examination for body composition and signs of malnutrition, anthropometric measurements, radio-imaging, laboratory tests, and flow charts or algorithms on patient’s dietary intake and changes in bodyweight. Clinical management depends on patient’s disease and nutritional status. Patients with minor liver affection or compensated liver cirrhosis may have normal diet without any restrictions in carbohydrates, proteins, and fat, but preferably take other supplements supporting the liver. Patients with decompensated liver should consume 25-40 kcal/kg/day and 1.0-1.5 g protein/kg/day. For patients with acute episodes of HE, a temporary protein restriction of 0.6-0.8 g/kg/day should be implemented until HE is eliminated. Patients should consume small, frequent meals throughout the day and add a carbohydrate- and protein-rich evening snack. Other approaches to supporting optimal digestion and nutrition and managing side effects of cancer therapies may be added as well.
Nutritional Support during Tracheoesophageal Fistula Treatment: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Cui Hai Hong , Wang Zhi Jin , Zhang Zhen Hua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
A patient with a tracheoesophageal fistula after undergoing a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery of lung adenocarcinoma was admitted to our department. After treatment with nutritional support and infection control, the fistula healed completely.