bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Materialities and mobilities in transnational capacity building projects: Uneven geographies of knowledge production
Authors: Adriansen Hanne Kirstine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper analyses so‐called capacity building projects in African universities in relation to mobility and access to materiality. Capacity‐building projects are typically framed as transnational projects funded by a donor in the Global North, targeting researchers in the Global South. Inevitably, these projects are embedded in various types of coloniality, which the “capacity building” discourse itself shows. During and after colonialism, uneven access to libraries and laboratories gave rise to mobility, that is, scholars travelling to the Global North to get access to materialities necessary for knowledge production. Through analyses of Danish capacity building projects aimed at relocating materialities for knowledge production to West Africa, I show how local access to materialities can enable more “independent” knowledge production. However, this mobility of materialities has not reduced academic mobility. Despite increased accessibility of scientific knowledges and its materialities in the peripheries of (hegemonic) Anglo‐American knowledge centres, the “competition fetish” (Naidoo, 2018) and demands for internationalisation mean that mobility to these knowledge centres still play an important role for many African scholars.
Trends in mesenchymal stem cell clinical trials 2004-2018: Is efficacy optimal in a narrow dose range?
Authors: Kabat Maciej , Bobkov Ivan , Kumar Suneel , Grumet Martin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The number of clinical trials using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has increased since 2008, but this trend slowed in the past several years and dropped precipitously in 2018. Previous reports have analyzed MSC clinical trials by disease, phase, cell source, country of origin, and trial initiation date, all of which can be downloaded directly from ClinicalTrials.gov. We have extended analyses to a larger group of 914 MSC trials reported through 2018. To search for potential factors that may influence the design of new trials, we extracted data on routes of administration and dosing from individual ClinicalTrials.gov records as this information cannot be downloaded directly from the database. Intravenous (IV) injection is the most common, least invasive and most reproducible method, accounting for 43% of all trials. The median dose for IV delivery is 100 million MSCs/patient/dose. Analysis of all trials using IV injection that reported positive outcomes indicated minimal effective doses (MEDs) ranging from 70 to 190 million MSCs/patient/dose in 14/16 trials with the other two trials administering much higher doses of at least 900 million cells. Dose-response data showing differential efficacy for improved outcomes were reported in only four trials, which indicated a narrower MED range of 100-150 million MSCs/patient with lower and higher IV doses being less effective. The results suggest that it may be critical to determine MEDs in early trials before proceeding with large clinical trials.

Lessons learned Initially, the number of trials increased, then leveled off several years ago and dropped dramatically in 2018. Many of the doses of cells being delivered may not be maximally effective because they are too low or high in some trials. It is important to test for efficacy as well as safety in early trials. Significance statementThe significance of this study is that critical numbers of cells may need to be used for the most effective stem cell therapies. The results suggest a range of minimally effective cell doses for intravenous injection, which is the method used in almost half of all therapies. Increasing doses are usually tested for safety, and the highest tolerated dose is often used in a clinical trial. Studies need to measure initial efficacy along with safety to use the most effective doses rather than the safest doses tolerated, which might be an overdose. Too many or few cells are not optimal.
Anion Influence of Emission Properties and DFT Calculations of Diprotonated and Triprotonated Terpyridines
Authors: Yoshikawa Naokazu , Yamazaki Shoko , Kato Natsumi , Sawai Mika , Noda Kaoru , Kanehisa Nobuko , Nakata Eiji , Takashima Hiroshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntense blue emissions were obtained by the interaction between protonated pyridine rings and the adjacent anion or adjacent PF6−. These compounds possess hydrogen bonds, which restrain the nonradiative decay to produce strong emission. By reacting of (L=terpy, tterpy and Clterpy) with a variety of acid (HF, HCl, HBr, H2SO4 and H3PO4) in water, triprotonated and diprotonated compounds [LH3]3+ and [LH2]2+were prepared. Abbreviations used are terpy=2,2’:6’,2’’‐terpyridine, tterpy=4’‐(4‐tolyl)‐2,2’:6’,2’’‐terpyridine and Clterpy=4’‐Chloro‐2,2’:6’,2’’‐terpyridine. Intense emission in acetonitrile (Φ = 0.30) was obtained by attaching two protons to the nitrogen in [(tterpyH2)H2O]2+ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds to the two adjacent F− atoms in PF6−.
Stress, savouring, and coping: The role of savouring in psychological adjustment following a stressful life event
Authors: Samios Christina , Catania Justin , Newton Kate , Fulton Tim , Breadman Ashley 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is increasing research on the role of savouring positive emotional experience in the context of stress. As such, we need a better understanding of how savouring and coping relate to each other and to psychological adjustment outcomes following a stressful life event. In particular, this study seeks to understand whether savouring is better conceptualized as a coping resource or a coping response. Three hundred people who experienced a highly stressful event in the past year completed measures of impact of event, savouring, coping, positive emotions, depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction. Results of bivariate correlations showed that savouring is positively correlated with positive coping (i.e., mastery and meaning‐based coping) and socially‐supported coping (i.e., using emotional and instrumental support) and negatively correlated with negative coping (i.e., self‐judgement and avoidance coping). The results of path analyses support a model that positions savouring as a coping response that relates to other coping responses and indirectly relates to better psychological adjustment through positive emotions (when psychological adjustment is conceptualized as depression or life satisfaction but not anxiety). Findings provide preliminary support for conceptualizing savouring as a coping response; future research should consider measuring savouring as a coping response to further our understanding of savouring following a stressful life event.
Light‐Powered Directional Nanofluidic Ion Transport in Kirigami‐Made Asymmetric Photonic‐Ionic Devices
Authors: Jia Meijuan , Kong Xian , Wang Lili , Zhang Yanbing , Quan Di , Ding Liping , Lu Diannan , Jiang Lei , Guo Wei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNacre‐mimetic 2D nanofluidic materials with densely packed sub‐nanometer‐height lamellar channels find widespread applications in water‐, energy‐, and environment‐related aspects by virtue of their scalable fabrication methods and exceptional transport properties. Recently, light‐powered nanofluidic ion transport in synthetic materials gained considerable attention for its remote, noninvasive, and active control of the membrane transport property using the energy of light. Toward practical application, a critical challenge is to overcome the dependence on inhomogeneous or site‐specific light illumination. Here, asymmetric photonic‐ionic devices based on kirigami‐tailored graphene oxide paper are fabricated, and directional nanofluidic ion transport properties therein powered by full‐area light illumination are demonstrated. The in‐plane asymmetry of the graphene oxide paper is essential to the generation of photoelectric driving force under homogeneous illumination. This light‐powered ion transport phenomenon is explained based on a modified carrier diffusion model. In asymmetric nanofluidic structures, enhanced recombination of photoexcited charge carriers at the membrane boundary breaks the electric potential balance in the horizontal direction, and thus drives the ion transport in that direction under symmetric illumination. The kirigami‐based strategy provides a facile and scalable way to fabricate paper‐like photonic‐ionic devices with arbitrary shapes, working as fundamental elements for large‐scale light‐harvesting nanofluidic circuits.
Exfoliated CrPS4 with Promising Photoconductivity
Authors: Budniak Adam K. , Killilea Niall A. , Zelewski Szymon J. , Sytnyk Mykhailo , Kauffmann Yaron , Amouyal Yaron , Kudrawiec Robert , Heiss Wolfgang , Lifshitz Efrat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLayered semiconductors have attracted significant attention due to their diverse physical properties controlled by composition and the number of stacked layers. Herein, large crystals of the ternary layered semiconductor chromium thiophosphate (CrPS4) are prepared by a vapor transport synthesis. Optical properties are determined using photoconduction, absorption, photoreflectance, and photoacoustic spectroscopy exposing the semiconducting properties of the material. A simple, one‐step protocol for mechanical exfoliation onto a transmission electron microscope grid is developed, and multiple layers are characterized by advanced electron microscopy methods, including atomic resolution elemental mapping confirming the structure by directly showing the positions of the columns of different elements' atoms. CrPS4 is also liquid exfoliated, and in combination with colloidal graphene, an ink‐jet‐printed photodetector is created. This all‐printed graphene/CrPS4/graphene heterostructure detector demonstrates a specific detectivity of 8.3 × 108 (D*). This study shows a potential application of both bulk crystal and individual flakes of CrPS4 as active components in light detection, when introduced as ink‐printable moieties with a large benefit for manufacturing.
VYPER: Vulnerability detection in binary code
Authors: Boudjema El Habib , Verlan Sergey , Mokdad Lynda , Faure Christèle 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a method for exploitable vulnerabilities detection in binary code with almost no false positives. It is based on the concolic (a mix of concrete and symbolic) execution of software binary code and the annotation of sensitive memory zones of the corresponding program traces (represented in a formal manner). Three big families of vulnerabilities are considered (taint related, stack overflow, and heap overflow). Based on the angr framework as a supporting software VulnerabilitY detection based on dynamic behavioral PattErn Recognition was developed to demonstrate the viability of the method. Several test cases using custom code, Juliet test base and widely used public libraries were performed showing a high detection potential for exploitable vulnerabilities with a very low rate of false positives.
Drought: Progress in broadening its understanding
Authors: Haile Gebremedhin Gebremeskel , Tang Qiuhong , Li Wenhong , Liu Xingcai , Zhang Xuejun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDrought affects many aspects of society and its impact is global. To this end, rendering recurrent drought occurrences is a key research focus. Recently, in addition to existing knowledge, progress in scientific advancements regarding drought have been observed on a regional and global scale. Here, we reviewed and outlined current and emerging scientific developments in drought, focusing on progress made in recent years. In the human‐modified world, the anthropogenic effects on drought were dominant and drought‐frequency showed a prominent increase. In this study, we have identified the development of drought concepts, types, and indices, and their indicators were developed as sector‐specific, comprehensive, and oriented towards multiple scales. Anthropogenic changes have enhanced hydrological processes and affected the development of drought. Urbanization, deforestation, and related human activities have aggravated drought. Climate change has had an exacerbating role in drought, which is expected to increase during the 21st century. Human communities, in particular, are undertaking activities that cause droughts; suffering from and coping with their impact. In addition, the direct and indirect effects of drought need reconsideration. As such, the health impact of droughts is a concern in drought‐vulnerable societies and its burden on public health is largely unknown. The need for drought recovery to aid in effective ecosystem functioning in the aftermath of the drought and the development of mitigation measures to alleviate recurrent drought is critical. Enhanced drought monitoring and management options are required under existing environmental and socio‐economic setups in the 21st century.This article is characterized under:
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
A prediction approach using ensemble empirical mode decomposition‐permutation entropy and regularized extreme learning machine for short‐term wind speed
Authors: Tian Zhongda , Li Shujiang , Wang Yanhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAccurate prediction of short‐term wind speed is of great significance to the operation and maintenance of wind farms, the optimal scheduling of turbines, and the safe and stable operation of power grids. A prediction approach for short‐term wind speed using ensemble empirical mode decomposition‐permutation entropy and regularized extreme learning machine is proposed. Firstly, wind speed time series is decomposed into several components with different frequency by ensemble empirical mode decomposition, which can reduce the non‐stationarity of the original time series. The permutation entropy value for each component is used to analyze its complexity. The components can be recombined to obtain a set of new subsequences. Then, different prediction models based on regularized extreme learning machine are used to predict each subsequence. Fivefold cross validation is used to improve the reliability of the regularized extreme learning machine model. Finally, the predicted value of each subsequence is superimposed to obtain the final predictive result. Ten minutes, 30 minutes, and 1 hour short‐term wind speed data from wind farms in Liaoning Province, China, are used for conducting experiments. The experimental results indicate that the values of the root mean square error of the developed prediction approach utilizing 10 minutes, 30 minutes, and 1 hour interval data are 0.5629, 0.4473, and 0.5697; mean absolute error are 0.4427, 3.0701, and 0.4897; mean absolute percentile error are 4.1456%, 16.8166%, and 6.8166%; relative root mean square are 0.0505, 0.2997, and 0.2609; square sum error are 55.5263, 59.6347, and 64.9154; and the Theil inequality coefficient are 0.0235, 0.0808, and 0.0625, which are much lower than those of the comparison methods. The values of the R square of the developed prediction approach utilizing 10 minutes, 30 minutes, and 1 hour interval data are 0.9363, 0.9161, and 0.9472, and the index of agreement are 0.9994, 0.9925, and 0.9894, which are higher than those of the comparison methods. The Pearson's test results show that the association strength between the actual value and the predicted values of the proposed approach is stronger. Also, the proposed prediction approach in this paper has higher reliability under the same confidence level. The effectiveness of the proposed prediction approach for short‐term wind speed is verified.
The future of power systems: Challenges, trends, and upcoming paradigms
Authors: Lopes João Abel Peças , Madureira André Guimarães , Matos Manuel , Bessa Ricardo Jorge , Monteiro Vítor , Afonso João Luiz , Santos Sérgio F. , Catalão João P. S. , Antunes Carlos Henggeler , Magalhães Pedro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe decarbonization of the economy, for which the contribution of power systems is significant, is a growing trend in Europe and in the world. In order to achieve the Paris Agreement's ambitious environmental goals, a substantial increase in the contribution of renewable sources to the energy generation mix is required. This trend brings about relevant challenges as the integration of this type of sources increases, namely in terms of the distribution system operation. In this paper, the challenges foreseen for future power systems are identified and the most effective approaches to deal with them are reviewed. The strategies include the development of Smart Grid technologies (meters, sensors, and actuators) coupled with computational intelligence that act as new sources of data, as well as the connection of distributed energy resources to distribution grids, encompassing the deployment of distributed generation and storage systems and the dissemination of electric vehicles. The impact of these changes in the distribution system as a whole is evaluated from a technical and environmental perspective. In addition, a review of management and control architectures designed for distribution systems is conducted.This article is categorized under:
Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Infrastructure > Economics and Policy
Irrational monodromies of vacuum energy
Authors: Kaloper Nemanja 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present a theory with axion flux monodromies coupled to gravity, that reduces to the local vacuum energy sequester below the axion mass scales. If the axion potentials include a term generated by nonperturbative couplings to gauge sectors, with a decay constant incommensurate with monodromy periods, the low energy potential germinates a landscape of irrational axion vacua, with arbitrarily small cosmological constants. The sensitivity of the values of cosmological constants to unknown UV physics can be greatly reduced. The variation of the cosmological constant in each vacuum, from one order in perturbation theory to the next, can be much smaller than the naïve cut­off. The nonperturbative transitions in the early universe between the vacua populate this landscape, similar to the case of irrational axion. In such a landscape of vacua a small cosmological constant can naturally emerge.
On gapped boundaries for SPT phases beyond group cohomology
Authors: Kobayashi Ryohei , Ohmori Kantaro , Tachikawa Yuji 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We discuss a strategy to construct gapped boundaries for a large class of symmetry-protected topological phases (SPT phases) beyond group cohomology. This is done by a generalization of the symmetry extension method previously used for cohomo- logical SPT phases. We find that this method allows us to construct gapped boundaries for time-reversal-invariant bosonic SPT phases and for fermionic Gu-Wen SPT phases for arbitrary finite internal symmetry groups.
CP violating effects in heavy neutrino oscillations: implications for colliders and leptogenesis
Authors: Bhupal Dev P. S. , Mohapatra Rabindra N. , Zhang Yongchao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Two of the important implications of the seesaw mechanism are: (i) a simple way to understand the small neutrino masses, and (ii) the origin of matter-anti-matter asymmetry in the universe via the leptogenesis mechanism. For TeV-scale seesaw models, successful leptogenesis requires that the right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) must be quasi-degenerate and if they have CP violating phases, they also contribute to the CP asymmetry. We investigate this in the TeV-scale left-right models for seesaw and point out a way to probe the quasi-degeneracy possibility with CP violating mixings for RHNs in hadron colliders using simple observables constructed out of same-sign dilepton charge asymmetry (SSCA). In particular, we isolate the parameter regions of the model, where the viability of leptogenesis can be tested using the SSCA at the Large Hadron Collider, as well as future 27 TeV and 100 TeV hadron colliders. We also independently confirm an earlier result that there is a generic lower bound on the WR mass of about 10 TeV for leptogenesis to work.
Strong first-order phase transitions in the NMSSM — a comprehensive survey
Authors: Athron Peter , Balazs Csaba , Fowlie Andrew , Pozzo Giancarlo , White Graham , Zhang Yang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Motivated by the fact that the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model is one of the most plausible models that can accommodate electroweak baryogenesis, we analyze its phase structure by tracing the temperature dependence of the minima of the effective potential. Our results reveal rich patterns of phase structure that end in the observed electroweak symmetry breaking vacuum. We classify these patterns according to the first transition in their history and show the strong first-order phase transitions that may be possible in each type of pattern. These could allow for the generation of the matter-antimatter asymmetry or potentially observable gravitational waves. For a selection of benchmark points, we checked that the phase transitions completed and calculated the nucleation temperatures. We furthermore present samples that feature strong first-order phase transitions from an extensive scan of the whole parameter space. We highlight common features of our samples, including the fact that the Standard Model like Higgs is often not the lightest Higgs in the model.
Superfield approach to higher derivative $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 superconformal mechanics
Authors: Masterov Ivan , Merzlikin Boris 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We formulate the equations which determine a potential function in an $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 higher derivative supersymmetric mechanics compatible with the osp(2|1)⊕so(d) symmetry and provide a few explicit examples.
Exact solutions of 2d supersymmetric gauge theories
Authors: Gadde Abhijit , Gukov Sergei , Putrov Pavel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We study dynamics of two-dimensional non-abelian gauge theories with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) supersymmetry that include $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) supersymmetric QCD and its generaliza- tions. In particular, we present the phase diagram of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) SQCD and determine its massive and low-energy spectrum. We find that the theory has no mass gap, a nearly constant distribution of massive states, and lots of massless states that in general flow to an interacting CFT. For a range of parameters where supersymmetry is not dynamically broken at low energies, we give a complete description of the low-energy physics in terms of 2d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) SCFTs using anomaly matching and modular invariance. Our construction provides a vast landscape of new $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) SCFTs which, for small values of the central charge, could be used for building novel heterotic models with no moduli and, for large values of the central charge, could be dual to AdS3 string vacua.