bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dual-Model of Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth in a Community Sample of Female Conflict-Related Sexual Violence Survivors from Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina
Authors: Anderson Kimberley , Komproe Ivan , Delić Amra , Avdibegović Esmina , Ee Elisa van , Glaesmer Heide 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) are increasingly acknowledged as psychological outcomes that can co-occur in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Less clear however, is how these outcomes interact – particularly for female survivors of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) – and to what extent intermediary factors such as coping play a role in this relationship.Methods In a sample of 192 survivors of the 1990s conflict in Bosnia & Herzegovina; of whom 104 experienced CRSV, and 88 who did not, a structural equation model was tested using LISREL 8.8 that included CRSV as a traumatic event, ‘positive reinterpretation’ (as a strategy of approach coping) and ‘behavioural disengagement’ (as a strategy of avoidance coping), and PTSD and PTG as psychosocial outcomes. It was hypothesised that there would be differences in the mechanisms by which PTG and PTSD interact in the two subgroups, given the differences in the nature of the trauma they experienced.Results Through multiple indirect relationships, results showed that CRSV survivors respond to their trauma with both PTSD and PTG, substantiating a dual PTSD-PTG mechanism, as opposed to a single spectrum with these outcomes at the poles. With regard to coping strategies, positive reinterpretation predicted greater PTG, and behavioural disengagement predicted greater PTSD. In the sample of non-sexual violence survivors, positive reinterpretation also remained a significant predictor of PTG.Conclusions Findings suggest that positive reinterpretation as a coping strategy appears to be a stable characteristic that independently predicts PTG, irrespective of trauma type. Mental health care professionals should take into account this specific mechanism when addressing the needs of CRSV survivors, but also war survivors more generally. Reframing traumatic events and post-trauma sequalae during treatment could lead to greater PTG and enhance recovery.
The rs1058587 of growth differentiation factor 15 increased the development and mortality risk of end-stage renal disease
Authors: Li Guisen , SHEN Yajun , CHEN Sipei , WU Changwei , ZHONG Xiang , HONG Daqing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a member of transforming growth factor β (TGF- β). Recent studies have shown that the serum level of GDF-15 increased and was associated with the occurrence and progression of the many diseases. However, the effect of GDF15 variants on end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is still unclear. The study was to explore the effect of GDF15 rs 1058587 on the susceptibility to ESRD and mortality risk of ESRD. Methods A total of 296 ESRD patients and 300 healthy individuals were enrolled. All the patients were followed-up for 3 years. The genotype of GDF-15 rs 1058587 was determined PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. The baseline serum GDF-15 level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The frequency of G gene in ESRD patients was higher in ESRD patients than in controls (30.14% vs. 25.17%, P =0.027). The patients with CG/GG genotype had higher mortality risk in the dominant model (CG+GG vs. CC, OR= 1.708, 95% CI: 1.288 - 2.461, P = 1.00×10 -3 ). Multivariate analysis showed that age > 60 years, total cholesterol > 6 mmol/L, and genotype GG were independent risk factors for mortality in patients with ESRD (P <0.05), and survival analysis informed us that the three-year overall survival of patients with GG genotype was significantly lower than other genotype patients. Conclusions The G allele or CG/GG genotype of GDF15 was associated with higher susceptible risk of ESRD and the genotype GG was an independent risk factor for overall mortality in patients with ESRD.
How to measure professional discrimination in healthcare settings?
Authors: Jaberi Azita , ZareKhafri Fatemeh , Torabizadeh Camellia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Professional discrimination is one of the most important challenges of inter-professional interaction. To understand and describe this concept from the viewpoints of health team members, a scientific tool is required to measure professional discrimination based on which planning and decision-making will be possible. Materials and Methods : The present methodological study was conducted in qualitative and quantitative phases. In the first phase, the main aspects of the concept of professional discrimination were defined through extensive literature review and viewpoints of experts and nurses. In the quantitative phase, after designing and extracting the tool items, validity (face, content, and construct) and reliability (internal consistency and stability) of the tool were assessed. Results : Professional discrimination included some concepts, such as discrimination in employment promotion and access to educational opportunities, disparities in welfare compared to other careers such as physicians, disparities in superiors’ behaviors towards inferiors like nurses in different situations, gender and ethnic discrimination, and the consequences of discrimination. In exploratory factor analysis, scree plot and factor load less than 0.4 showed that the questionnaire included five factors, namely “horizontal and vertical discrimination”, “discrimination consequences”, “inequality due to differences in employment, education, and ethnicity”, and “ethnic and gender discrimination”. Conclusion : The results showed that the 33-item questionnaire had appropriate validity and reliability. Indeed, an overview of the existing tools showed that the questionnaire represented better than similar ones both in terms of the specificity of measuring the concept and evaluation of psychometric properties. Measurement of professional discrimination could provide health managers and decision-makers with highly accurate and documented information.
Enhanced rhamnolipids production using a novel bioreactor system based on integrated foam-control and repeated fed-batch fermentation strategy
Authors: Xu Ning , Liu Shixun , Xu Lijie , Zhou Jie , Xin Fengxue , Zhang Wenming , Qian Xiujuan , Dong Weiliang , Jiang Min 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Rhamnolipid is the best known microbial-derived biosurfactants, which has attracted great interest as potential ‘‘green” alternative for synthetic surfactants. However, rhamnolipid is major contributor to severe foam problems, which greatly inhibits the economics of industrial-scale production. In this study, a novel foam-control system was established for ex situ dealing with the massive overﬂowing foam. Based on the designed facility, foam reduction efficiency, rhamnolipid production by batch and repeated fed-batch fermentation were comprehensively investigated.
Results
An ex situ foam-control system was developed to control the massive overﬂowing foam and improve rhamnolipid production. It was found that the size of individual bubble in the early stage was much larger than that of late fermentation stage and the foam liquefaction efficiency decreased from 54.37% at the beginning to only 9.23 % at the end of the fermentation. This difference of bubble stability directly resulted higher foam reduction efficiency of 67.46 % in the early stage, whereas the small uniform bubbles can only be reduced by 57.53 % at the later fermentation stage. Moreover, reduction of secondary foam is very important for foam controlling. Two improved design of the device in this study got about 20% improvement of foam reduction efﬁciency, respectively. The batch fermentation result showed that the average volume of the overflowing foam was reduced from 58~640 mL/min to 19~216 mL/min during fermentation process, presenting presented a notable reduction efficiency ranging from 51.92% to 73.47%. Meanwhile, rhamnolipid production of batch fermentation reached to 45.63g/L, and the yield 0.76g/g was signiﬁcantly better than ever reported. Further, Moreover, a repeated fed-batch fermentation based on the overall optimization was carried out, total rhamnolipids concentration of 48.67 g/L was reached with yield around of 0.67-0.83 g/g, which presented an improvement of 62% and 49% compared with conventional batch fermentation by using various kinds of defoam, respectively.
Conclusions
The ex situ foam-control system presented a notable reduction efficiency, which helped a lot to easily solve the severe foaming problem without any defoamer addition. Moreover, rhamnolipid production and yield by repeated fed-batch fermentation got prominent improvement compared to conventional batch cultivation, which can further facilitate economical production of rhamnolipids at large scales.
Comparison of postoperative analgesic efficacy of preemptive USG-guided TAP block, USG-guided local infiltration and intravenous dexketoprofen in inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Salık Fikret , Bıçak Mustafa , Akelma Hakan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Although regional techniques have been suggested more in order to provide postoperative analgesia in inguinal hernia repairs, the ideal method is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preemptive transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block, local anesthetic infiltration (LAI) and intravenous dexketoprofen (IVD) on postoperative pain in inguinal hernia repairs. Methods This prospective study included 120 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists status 1-3 between 18-75 years of age who undergoing elective inguinal hernia surgery under spinal anesthesia. The patients were allocated into three groups: USG-guided TAP block (Group 1, n = 40), USG-guided LAI (Group 2, n = 40) and IVD (Group 3, n = 40) before surgical incision. The mean of tramadol consumption, number of patients in requiring rescue analgesics, duration of postoperative analgesia and complications were recorded for 24 hours postoperatively. VAS scores were evaluated at the 30 minute, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24th hours. Results There was no significant difference between the postoperative mean tramadol consumption [Group 1: 22.5 mg; Group 2: 20 mg; Group 3: 27.5 (p 0.833)]. The number of patients requiring rescue analgesics was statistically similar (p 0.787). VAS scores at 30. min, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours were statistically lower in Group 1 than in the other groups (p 0.003, 007, 0013, 0049, 0015, 0021). VAS scores at 30. min and 2. h were lower in Group 1 than Group 2 (p 0.049, 0.037). İn addition, VAS scores at 30 min, 1, 2, 8 and 12 hours were lower in Group 1 than in Group 3 (p 0.003, 0.006, 0.021, 0.017, 0.016). VAS scores at all hours were statistically similar between Group 2 and Group 3. Conclusion This study demonsrated that preemptive transversus abdominis plane block, local anesthetic infiltration or iv dexketoprofen for postoperative analgesia in inguinal hernia repairs had similar effects on postoperative tramadol consumption and number of requiring rescue analgesic patients. However, TAP block provides lower VAS values and excellent analgesia in more patients in the first 24 hours postoperatively.
Sedative Use of Dexmedetomidine vs. Propofol after Cardiac Surgery A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Abowali Hesham A. , Paganini Matteo , Enten Garrett , Elbadawi Ayman , Camporesi Enrico 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in sedation for postoperative cardiac surgeries are controversial when compared to propofol. Methods A computerized search on Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality databases was performed through July 2019. Trials evaluating the efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus propofol in the sedation of postoperative cardiac surgery patients were selected. The primary study outcomes were divided into time-dependent (mechanical ventilation time; time to extubation; length of stay in the intensive care unit and the hospital) and non-time dependent (delirium, bradycardia, and hypotension). Results Our final analysis included 11 RCTs published between 2003 and 2019 and involved a total of 1184 patients. Time to extubation was significantly reduced in the dexmedetomidine group (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = -0.61, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -1.06 to -0.16, p=0.008), however no difference in mechanical ventilation time was observed (SMD= -0.72, 95% CI: -1.60 to 0.15, N.S.). Moreover, the dexmedetomidine group showed a significant reduction in Intensive Care Unit length of stay (SMD= -0.70, 95% CI: -0.98 to -0.42, p=0.0005) this did not translate into a reduced hospital length of stay (SMD= -1.13, 95% CI: -2.43 to 0.16, N.S). For non-time dependent factors: incidence of delirium was unaffected between groups (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.43 to 1.06, N.S.), while the propofol group of patients had higher rates of bradycardia (OR: 3.39, 95% CI: 1.20 to 9.55, p=0.020) and hypotension (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.58, p=0.017). Conclusion Despite the ICU time advantages afforded by dexmedetomidine over propofol, the former does not contribute to an overall reduction in hospital length of stay or an overall improvement in postoperative outcomes of heart valve surgery and CABG patients. Additionally, time-dependent outcomes are affected by several confounding factors, and more efforts are needed to analyze factors that could affect sedation in post-cardiac surgery patients and choose unbiased outcomes.
Marathoners’ breathing pattern protects against lung injury by mechanical ventilation: a pilot study
Authors: Oshima Yoshiaki , Okazaki Naoto , Otsuki Akihiro , Takahashi Shunsaku , Harada Tomomi , Inagaki Yoshimi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Marathoners use the 2:2 breathing pattern. We hypothesized that this ventilation method may protect against ventilator-induced lung injury.Methods: We studied the 2:2 breathing pattern as a mechanical ventilation mode, by assessing the gas exchange in intact rabbits and the pulmonary protective effects in isolated rabbit lungs. The typical setting of this breathing method was 30 cycles/min of respiratory frequency. The time allocation for one cycle was as follows: 1st inspiratory period, 2nd inspiratory period, 1st expiratory period, and 2nd expiratory period (all 0.3 s long) with intermittent resting periods (all 0.2 s).Results: The 2:2 breathing pattern caused no problems regarding the efficiency of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination. The wet-to-dry weight ratio of the lung was lower for the proposed 2:2 breathing pattern than with the inversed ratio ventilation (both inspiratory:expiratory ratio 1:1).Conclusions: The marathoners’ breathing pattern may be a novel method to provide protection against ventilator-induced lung injury in clinical settings.
Sevoflurane inhibits Human umbilical vein endothelial cells migration by up-regulating VE-cadherin expression
Authors: Sun Yuanqing , Xu Zifeng , Xu Tao , Xu Hui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Sevoflurane is a commonly used inhalation anesthesia and is famous for rapid onset of action, less metabolism in vivo and fast recovery. The aim of this study is to elaborate whether sevoflurane inhibits Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) migration function.Methods In vitro experiments, the HUVECs were divided into four groups randomly, and were exposed to 2% sevoflurane, refer to 1.6 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC), respectively for 0.5h, 1h, 2h and the first group was the control group which exposed to the same gas environment with other three groups but only without sevoflurane. After sevoflurane exposure, HUVECs were conducted the scratch assay.Results The results suggested that the HUVECs exposed to 2% sevoflurane for 2 h were more obviously inhibited on the migration distance during 12 h after scratched than the control group. Quantitative PCR results suggested that the HUVECs exposed to 2% sevoflurane for 2 h expressed more vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) than the control group, with statistic difference. However, other scratch assay and quantitative trials suggested that the HUVECs which were transfected with VE-cadherin siRNA and exposed to 2% sevoflurane for 2 h had no significant difference with the control group on the migration distance and the expression of VE-cadherin.Conclusion These results suggested that sevoflurane inhibited the HUVECs migration function by up-regulating VE-cadherin expression, and may have an adverse effect on the normal functions of vascular endothelial cells.
Identification and localization of proteins associated with the formation of Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilms
Authors: Millones-Gómez pablo alejandro A , Bacilio-Amaranto Reyma Evelyn , Torres Dora Maurtua , Cortavarría Patricia Sheen , Orocollo Yudith Cauna , Choque Jaeson Santos Calla , Mendizabal Margarita Fe Requena , Poma Roger Damaso Calla 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background:To successfully colonize the oral cavity, bacteria must adhere directly or indirectly to the oral surfaces available. Fusobacterium nucleatum plays an important role in the development of the oral biofilm community due to its broad adhesion capabilities, serving as a bridge between the members of the oral biofilm community that cannot be directly joined together. The purpose of this study was to identify and localize the proteins associated with the formation of biofilms of Streptococcus gordonii and F. nucleatum. Methods: Multispecies biofilms were identified by amplification of the srtA and radD genes by real-time PCR. Biofilm cells cultured with sucrose were counted. The protein concentrations in the membrane and cytoplasmic fractions were quantified by western blot. Results: The proteins HSP40 and GAPDH were detected in the cytoplasmic fraction of biofilm and F. nucleatum, respectively. The available anti-GAPDH antibody is specific for GAPDH produced by F. nucleatum, which indicated the coaggregation of F. nucleatum on S. gordonii. Conclusions: HSP40 was only detected in the cytoplasmic fraction of the biofilms, making it one of the essential proteins for adherence. This complex set of interactions could have critical implications for the formation and maturation of oral biofilms in vivo and could provide clues to the mechanism behind the distribution of organisms within the human oral cavity.
Multidrug-Resistance Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Wound Infections in a Tertiary Health Institution in Osogbo, Nigeria
Authors: Akinloye Ajibola O. , Adefioye Jose O. , Adekunle Catherine O. , Anomneze Benjamin U. , Makanjuola Olufunmilola B. , Onaolapo Olakunle J. , Onaolapo Adejoke Y. , Olowe Olugbenga A. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) is a ubiquitous
opportunistic organism that poses threat to the management of infections globally.

Objectives:
The objectives of the current research were to assess the antibiotic resistance profiles
as well as Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa associated
with wound infections. Presence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase genes (bla CTX-M,
bla SHV and bla TEM) and Carbapenemase genes (bla KPC and blaNDM) were also determined
among the isolates.

Methods:
Swab samples were collected from 255 patients with wound infections. Bacterial identification
was done by standard diagnostic tests. The identity of isolates was confirmed by the detection
of the exoA gene using the PCR technique. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and resistance
profile were determined using the disc diffusion method. Resistance genes were amplified by the
PCR method.

Results:
A total of 235 (92.2%) bacterial isolates were recovered from the wounds of the 255 patients,
of these, 124 (52.8%) were Gram-negative bacilli while the remaining 111 (47.2%) were
Gram-positive cocci. A total of 69 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were recovered from the
wound specimens. Imipenem was the most effective antibiotic against these isolates (92.8% isolates
were susceptible) while all isolates were resistant to Meropenem, Cefepime, Ticarcillin,
Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, Cefotaxime, Ampicillin and Cefpodoxime. All 69 Pseudomonas
aeruginosa isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Of the isolates selected for PCR, all were
positive for TEM, CTX-M and SHV genes while one-third were blaKPC and blaNDM producers.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated high prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa,
suggesting that there is an urgent need in Nigeria for the enactment and enforcement of
policies and necessary laws restricting the availability and indiscriminate use of antibiotics.
О роли ускоренных электронов в формировании структуры свечения наносекундного диффузного разряда в воздушном промежутке стержень-плоскость
Authors: Покровский В.С. , Репин П.Б. , Трушкина А.Н. 
Published: January 2020

Проведено исследование диффузного разряда в промежутке стержень (катод)-плоскость с межэлектродным зазором 10 cm в воздухе атмосферного давления. Напряжение на катоде составляло 370-390 kV при длительности импульса на полувысоте &#126;70 ns. Установлено, что в зависимости от времени задержки формирования разряда меняющейся от импульса к импульсу в пределах 3-15 ns ток разряда и амплитуда импульса рентгеновского излучения изменялись от 100 до 200 A и от 20 до 250 относительных единиц соответственно. Выявлена связь между амплитудой импульса рентгеновского излучения и структурными параметрами свечения разряда. Показано, что при большой величине задержки формирования разряда определяющую роль в формировании продольной структуры свечения играют быстрые электроны с энергией менее 30 keV, ускоренные в сильном электрическом поле вблизи катода. Быстрые электроны ионизуют периферийные области разряда, увеличивают его сечение, чем обеспечивается падение плотности тока, удельной вложенной энергии и интенсивности свечения на расстоянии от катода, соответствующем пробегу электронов в воздухе. Ключевые слова: газовый разряд, рентгеновское излучение, структура свечения, быстрые электроны.
Studi Perbandingan Disolusi In-Vitro Pada Formula Tablet Levofloksasin Immediate-Release Menggunakan Variasi Kadar Disintegran Sodium Starch Glycolate
Authors: Citrariana Shesanthi , Lukitaningsih Endang , Nugroho Akhmad Kharis 
Published: January 2020

Levofloksasin merupakan antibiotik yang digunakan dalam terapi Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) dengan prevalensi cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Sodium starch glycolate (SSG) merupakan eksipien yang berfungsi sebagai disintegran. SSG direkomendasikan dalam formula tablet dengan konsentrasi 1-4% karena konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi dapat mengurangi kemampuan disintegrasinya. Kinetika pelepasan obat memiliki nilai yang sangat penting dalam pengembangan dan kontrol kualitas obat. Perubahan kualitatif dan kuantitatif eksipien dalam formula dapat mengubah kinetika pelepasan dan kinerja in-vivo. Peneliltian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi perbandingan kinetika pelepasan obat pada tablet levofloksasin yang diformulasikan menggunakan berbagai konsentrasi SSG. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa konsentrasi SSG 1,33-5,33% dalam formula tidak memberikan perbedaan model kinetika pelepasan obat. Hal ini terlihat dari nilai f1 (3,12-8,50) dan f2 (56,16-77,43) yang berada pada rentang kriteria. Tablet levofloksasin Immediate-release (IR) yang diformulasikan, mengikuti pemodelan First-Order kinetik dengan kriteria nilai R2_adj tertinggi, MSE dan AIC terkecil, serta MSC terbesar dibandingkan dengan model kinetika lainnya. Pemodelan menggunakan Korsmeyer-Peppas memperlihatkan bahwa mekanisme transport dari tablet levofloksasin mengikuti persamaan Fickian semu (n<0,5) sehingga menggambarkan pelepasan obat dari matriks non-swellable.