bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel nondestructive diagnostic method for mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction
Authors: Yang Xi , Li Junjie , Fedurin Mikhail , Smaluk Victor , Yu Lihua , Wu Lijun , Wan Weishi , Zhu Yimei , Shaftan Timur 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA real-time, nondestructive, Bragg-diffracted electron beam energy, energy-spread and spatial-pointing jitter monitor is experimentally verified by encoding the electron beam energy and spatial-pointing jitter information into the mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction pattern. The shot-to-shot fluctuation of the diffraction pattern is then decomposed to two basic modes, i.e., the distance between the Bragg peaks as well as its variation (radial mode) and the overall lateral shift of the whole pattern (drift mode). Since these two modes are completely decoupled, the Bragg-diffraction method can simultaneously measure the shot-to-shot energy fluctuation from the radial mode with 2·10−4 precision and spatial-pointing jitter from the drift mode having wide measurement span covering energy jitter range from 10−4 to 10−1. The key advantage of this method is that it allows us to extract the electron beam energy spread concurrently with the ongoing experiment and enables online optimization of the electron beam especially for future high charge single-shot ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) and ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM) experiments. Furthermore, real-time energy measurement enables the filtering process to remove off-energy shots, improving the resolution of time-resolved UED. As a result, this method can be applied to the entire UED user community, beyond the traditional electron beam diagnostics of accelerators used by accelerator physicists.
The fractal characteristics of pore size distribution in cement-based materials and its effect on gas permeability
Authors: Zhu Jie , Zhang Rui , Zhang Yang , He Fa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo study the influence of the pore structure of cement-based materials on macroscopic features (gas permeability), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and nitrogen adsorption (NA) were applied to 8 groups of paste and mortar samples (including adding mineral admixtures or not and standard or sealed curing conditions). Pore size distribution has a great influence on gas permeability. By calculating pore surface fractal dimensions based on Zhang’s fractal model, the obvious fractal characteristics of micropores (<100 nm) and macropores (> 105 nm) have been found. The pore diameter of the paste is mostly distributed in the micropores, and the average critical pore diameter is 82 nm. For mortar, the pore diameter is mostly distributed in the micropores and transition pores, and the average critical pore diameter is 121 nm, which means that the seepage pore diameters of the paste and mortar are 82 nm and 121 nm, respectively. The pore surface fractal dimensions of the visible pores are larger than those of the micropores, and there is an inverse relationship between the pore surface fractal dimensions and gas permeability. An important guide for engineering production is to use standard curing and add mineral admixtures to mortar materials to improve the impermeability as much as possible, while a contrary condition exists for paste materials.
Quantitative Clinical Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Reiter Ursula , Reiter Clemens , Kräuter Corina , Nizhnikava Volha , Fuchsjäger Michael H. , Reiter Gert 
Published: November 2019

Background Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the established reference standard method for the assessment of cardiac function and non-invasive evaluation of myocardial tissue in a variety of clinical questions, wherein quantification of cardiac parameters gains growing diagnostic and differential-diagnostic importance. This review aims to summarize established and newly emerging quantitative parameters, which are assessed in routine cardiac MRI. Interrelations and interdependencies between metrics are explained, and common factors affecting quantitative results are discussed.
Method The review is based on a PubMed literature research using the search terms “cardiac magnetic resonance” and “quantification”, “recommendations”, “quantitative evaluation/assessment”, “reference method”, “reference/normal values”, “pitfalls” or “artifacts” published between 2000–2019.
Results and Conclusion Quantitative functional, phase contrast, and perfusion imaging, as well as relaxation time mapping techniques give opportunity for assessment of a large number of quantitative cardiac MRI parameters in clinical routine. Application of these techniques allows for characterization of function, morphology and perfusion of the heart beyond visual analysis of images, either in primary evaluation and comparison to normal values or in patients’ follow-up and treatment monitoring. However, with implementation of quantitative parameters in clinical routine, standardization is of particular importance as different acquisition and evaluation strategies and algorithms may substantially influence results, though not always immediately apparent.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Lehrfilm Facharztweiterbildung: Hemithyreoidektomie mit Neuromonitoring des N. laryngeus recurrens
Authors: Brunner Maximilian , Bleichroth Hannah , Linke Katja , Krautz Christian , Weber Georg F. , Grützmann Robert , Kersting Stephan 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Prävalenz von Schilddrüsenknoten im Erwachsenenalter liegt durchschnittlich bei etwa 20% und nimmt mit zunehmendem Alter zu. Bei einem Großteil der Schilddrüsenknoten handelt es sich um benigne Veränderungen, nur selten liegen maligne Befunde vor. Allerdings kann die endgültige Dignität nicht selten erst nach erfolgter Resektion bestimmt werden. Wichtig ist daher eine komplikationsarme Operationstechnik. Standard der Resektion und Weiterbildungseingriff ist bei allen publizierten minimalinvasiven Techniken die offene Operation über einen Kocher-Kragenschnitt. Diese Technik soll in diesem Lehrvideo Schritt für Schritt dargestellt werden.
Indikation Sonografisch und MIBI-szintigrafisch malignitätsverdächtiger solitärer Knoten im rechten Schilddrüsenlappen.
Prozedur Hemithyreoidektomie rechts mit Neuromonitoring des N. laryngeus recurrens.
Schlussfolgerung Bei solitärem malignitätsverdächtigen Schilddrüsenknoten stellt die Hemithyreoidektomie die adäquate primäre Therapie dar. Die Verwendung eines intraoperativen Neuromonitorings zur sicheren Identifikation und Schonung des N. laryngeus recurrens, die Darstellung und Schonung der Nebenschilddrüsen ohne Kompromittierung der Durchblutung sowie eine sorgfältige Blutstillung stellen die wichtigsten Pfeiler einer risikoarmen Operation an der Schilddrüse dar.
Study of the physical-chemical characteristics of non-food solid waste combustion
Authors: Larionov K B , Tsibulskiy S A , Slyusarskiz K V , Tolokolnikov A A , Gubin V E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The ignition and combustion processes of six non-food municipal solid waste (MSW) samples of different type were studied. The samples of wood waste, rubber, leather, cardboard, textile and plastic were put into the combustion chamber at a temperature of 600 °C in air medium at atmospheric pressure. The observations were carried out by means of high-frequency video imaging of the combustion process. Based on the obtained results the characteristic times of the ignition delay, combustion of volatiles and carbon residue were defined. The highest values of ignition delay and combustion of the carbon residue times were obtained for rubber sample and were 11.3 and 285 s, respectively. Significant correlation was found between the time of volatiles and carbon residue combustion and the fixed carbon content of the sample: the higher the Cd content, the higher value of respective time. The concentration peaks of the gas-phase products release during combustion of non-food MSW were presented as well.
Towards the numerical assessment in solving the problem of the effectiveness of vascular anastomosis in neurosurgical operations
Authors: Kuianova Iu O , Dubovoy A V , Parshin D V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study we considered the effect of formation of cerebral bypass for the real clinical case. Three configurations of vessels of the circle of Willis for the real patient was constructed in the pre-operative, post-operative and the alternative (virtual--without bypass formation) treatment cases. All calculations were carried out in the commercial software ANSYS CFX 17.2. It is shown that after installation of the bypass the stagnation zone in patient`s vessel was formed with the consequent thrombus formation that required an urgent re-operation. The changes of hemodynamic parameters (blood flow velocity, WSS and viscous dissipation energy values) before and after operation as well as after alternative treatment were analysed. For the first time, a quantitative difference in hemodynamic characteristics between cases of the real and virtual (alternative) methods of the operation was shown.
Agro-industrial waste materials and wastewater as growth media for microbial bioflocculants production: a review
Authors: Siddeeg Saifeldin M , Tahoon Mohamed A , Ben Rebah Faouzi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Various microbial strains (bacteria, fungi, and microalgae) produced polymers variable in composition (protein, cellulose, polysaccharide, etc) with interesting flocculation properties such as the ability to remove large spectrum of pollutants (organic and inorganic materials, etc) from wastewater and the stability over a wide range of temperature, pHs and salt concentrations. These bioflocculants have been characterized and successfully tested in wastewater treatment and sludge dewatering. The production of microbial bioflocculants involves the culture step of the bioflocculant-producing microorganism in an appropriate medium, followed by polymer extraction. The production processing is mostly controlled by the microbial growth medium cost. Agro-industrial wastes including agricultural by-products (rice hull, rice stover potato by-products, peanut hull, corn cob, wheat bran, etc), sugar processing wastes and fermentation liquors contain nutrients such as nitrogen and carbon, which can sustain the microbial growth and bioflocculant production. Recently, the potential use of wastewater and sludge as growth media for various bioflocculant-producing microorganisms has been demonstrated. Interestingly, waste pre-treatments may be essential to enhance the microbial growth and the bioflocculant production. Bioflocculant properties (polymer yield, polymer composition, flocculating activity, etc) are controlled by the growth conditions. Moreover, the produced materials showed acceptable results for wastewater treatment and sludge dewatering. This new strategy reported in this review can decrease to some extent the environmental problems related to the disposal of agro-industrial wastes and wastewater sludges. At the same time, this could reduce the cost of microbial bioflocculant production.
Effective training in cross-border infection prevention and response
Authors: de Rooij D , Belfroid E , Swaan C M , Raab J , Timen A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Competent personnel at points of entry is important to prevent international spreading of disease. Education, training and exercises (ETE) are commonly used to secure this competency. We studied what effective training looks like, by conducting a literature review on effective ETE, conducting a training needs assessment.

Methodology
A systematic search in Embase, Medline, Web of Science, ERIC, Cinahl, and PsycInfo, to identify effective ETE on infectious disease control was performed. We integratively analysed effectiveness of ETE methods on different outcome levels: satisfaction, learning, behavior and organizational performance. Also, we assessed training needs and -preferences among professionals involved in infectious disease control at points of entry in Europe. They completed a digital questionnaire about previously received ETE, importance of topics, highest training needs, and their preferred ETE methodologies.

Results
We identified a range of effective ETEs in 62 studies. However, details on specific ETE methodologies are scarce, thwarting to link effectiveness to methodology. Also, long term and high level outcomes like behavioral change or public health system performance are reported less frequently than mere satisfaction or knowledge change, while these former often have higher relevance in real practice. Respondents (n = 59) had highest training needs concerning handling ill or exposed persons, and design and use of the contingency plan. Training needs correlated with importance of topics. Highest preferred training methods were presentations and e-modules.

Conclusions
We call for more extensive evaluations of education, training and exercises in infectious disease control, with measurement of high level outcomes and long term effects. Results from the current review and training needs from the field could be combined to design most effective ETE at points of entry.
A Review on the Use of Plasma During Acute Burn Resuscitation
Authors: Cartotto Robert , Callum Jeannie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe problem of fluid creep has generated renewed interest in the use of colloids during acute burn resuscitation. Currently, human albumin solution is usually chosen as the resuscitation colloid. However, human plasma was a fundamental component of numerous burn resuscitation formulas historically, but it largely fell out of favor due to concerns surrounding transmission of infectious viruses. Nevertheless, plasma is an effective volume expander which has been demonstrated to reduce overall volume requirements during burn resuscitation. Furthermore, plasma may have beneficial effects on the endothelium by diminishing the microvascular leak that follows a major burn injury. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is now much safer from a disease transmission standpoint, and newer forms of solvent-detergent–treated plasma and lyophilized plasma offer potentially even greater safety and efficacy. The use of FFP and newer forms of plasma, which have not been extensively studied, should be investigated as potential adjuncts to acute burn resuscitation.
Stomatocyte structural color-barcode micromotors for multiplex assays
Authors: Cai Lijun , Wang Huan , Yu Yunru , Bian Feika , Wang Yu , Shi Keqing , Ye Fangfu , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Artificial micromotors have a demonstrated value in the biomedical area. Attempts to develop this technology tend to impart micromotors with novel functions to improve the values. Herein, we present novel structural color-barcode micromotors for the multiplex assays. We found that, by rapidly extracting solvent and assembling monodispersed nanoparticles in droplets, it could form stomatocyte colloidal crystal clusters, which not only showed striking structural colors and characteristic reflection peaks due to their ordered nanoparticles arrangement, but also provided effective cavities for the integration of functional elements. Thus, the micromotors with catalysts or magnetic elements in their cavities, as well as with the corresponding structural color coding, could be achieved by using the platinum and ferric oxide dispersed pre-gel to fill and duplicate the stomatocyte colloidal crystal clusters. We have demonstrated that the self-movement of these structural color-barcode micromotors could efficiently accelerate the mixing speed of the detection sample and greatly increase the probe–target interactions towards faster and more sensitive single or multiplex detection, and the magnetism of these barcode micromotors enables the flexible collection of the micromotors, which could facilitate the detection processes. These features make the stomatocyte structural color-barcode micromotors ideal for biomedical applications.
Detection and Characterization of Influenza B Virus with Reduced Neuraminidase Susceptibility in a Stem Cell Transplant Recipient
Authors: Kodiyanplakkal Rosy Priya L , Laplante Jennifer M , Westblade Lars F , van Besien Koen , Salvatore Mirella , St. George Kirsten 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Antiviral-resistant influenza viruses in the clinical environment, especially type B, are rarely reported. A stem cell transplant recipient remained influenza B positive for two months, despite repeated antiviral treatments. Laboratory tests demonstrated the evolution and persistence of neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant influenza B virus with a substitution at codon 119.
Intermittent negative blood cultures in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia; A retrospective study of 1071 episodes
Authors: Stewart James D , Graham Maryza , Kotsanas Despina , Woolley Ian , Korman Tony M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Recommended management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) includes follow up blood culture sets (BCs) to determine the duration of bacteremia. Duration of bacteremia is an important prognostic factor in SAB and follow up BCs have a critical role in differentiation of uncomplicated and complicated SAB. However, intermittent negative BCs occur in SAB. Clinical guidelines for SAB management do not specify an approach to follow up BCs collection or define the number of negative BCs required to demonstrate resolution of bacteremia. This study assessed the frequency of intermittent negative BCs in SAB and used these finding to formulate a recommendation for collection of follow up BCs.

Methods
This retrospective study reviewed 1071 episodes of SAB. Clinical and microbiological data including the duration of bacteremia and the occurrence of intermittent negative BCs (those preceded and followed by positive cultures) were considered.

Results
Intermittent bacteremia occurred in 13% (140/1071) of episodes. A single negative BCs on days 1-3 had a predictive value of 87-93% for resolution of bacteremia although this was improved if all BCs collected within the same day were considered.

Conclusions
Intermittent negative BCs are common in SAB. Given this we would not recommend accepting a single negative BCs as demonstrating resolution of the bacteremia. This is particularly important if a patient is to be classified as having an uncomplicated SAB.
An antimicrobial molecule mitigates signs of sepsis in vivo and eradicates infections from lung tissue
Authors: Quercini Leila , Brunetti Jlenia , Riolo Giulia , Bindi Stefano , Scali Silvia , Lampronti Ilaria , D'Aversa Elisabetta , Wronski Sabine , Pollini Simona , Gentile Mariangela , Lupetti Pietro , Rossolini Gian Maria , Falciani Chiara , Bracci Luisa , Pini Alessandro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe peptide sequence KKIRVRLSA was synthesized in a dimeric structure (SET‐M33DIM) and evaluated as a candidate drug for infections due to multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Gram‐negative pathogens. SET‐M33DIM showed significant antibacterial activity against MDR strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration [MICs], 1.5‐11 µM), and less activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MICs, 11‐22 µM). It showed very low toxicity in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo; in cytotoxicity tests, its EC50 was as much as 22 times better than that of SET‐M33, a peptide with the same amino‐acid sequence, but synthesized in tetra‐branched form (638 vs 28 µM). In in vivo and ex vivo experiments, SET‐M33DIM cleared P. aeruginosa infection, significantly reducing signs of sepsis in animals, and restoring cell viability in lung tissue after bacterial challenge. It also quelled inflammation triggered by LPS and live bacterial cells, inhibiting expression of inflammatory mediators in lung tissue, cultured macrophages, and bronchial cells from a cystic fibrosis patient.
Accuracy of McMurray’s test, the modified version, and joint-line tenderness in diagnosing chronic meniscal tear in the knee joint: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Teh Wai Choon , Tengku Md. Shihabudin Tengku Muzaffar 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Special clinical tests play an important role in physical examination and are thought to diagnose meniscal injury. Among the special tests, the original McMurray’s test, the modified version of the McMurray’s test, and joint-line tenderness are commonly used in practice. There is limited research that takes into consideration the time of injury in the diagnostic accuracy of such clinical test. Therefore, in chronic meniscal injury, the diagnostic accuracy of tests is unclear and questionable. The purpose of this study was to determine the most accurate clinical tests to diagnose a chronic meniscal injury.

Methods:
Fifty patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study from January 2016 to June 2017. The inclusion criteria were patients 16 yr old or older who had a chronic knee injury of at least 6 mo. All patients underwent physical examination then arthroscopy performed by the same surgeon. Five statistical parameters were calculated based on the formula: accuracy (%), sensitivity (%), specificity (%), positive predictive value (PPV %) and negative predictive value (NPV %).

Results:
The mean age was 25.7 yr (range, 16-44 yr; SD 6.8 yr). The modified McMurray’s test had the highest sensitivity for both medial (36.36%) and lateral lesions (35.29%). It also had the highest NPV (64.10% medial and 73.17% lateral) and PPV (72.73% medial and 66.67% lateral), as well as the highest accuracy at 66% (medial) and 72% (lateral). The original McMurray’s test had the lowest sensitivity for lateral lesions (18.75%); however, it had the highest specificity for both lesions (92.59% medial and 91.18% lateral). Joint-line tenderness had the lowest specificity at 89.29% (medial) and 87.88% (lateral), the lowest accuracy for medial lesions (60%), and the same accuracy as the original McMurray’s test (68%) for lateral lesions.

Conclusions:
The results indicate that the original McMurray’s test, the modified version, and joint-line tenderness have overall low sensitivity and high specificity in diagnosing chronic meniscal tears. This study also highlights that the modified McMurray’s test had a higher accuracy than the original McMurray’s test and joint-line tenderness. However, in clinical practice these tests should be used in combination for more accurate diagnosis of chronic meniscal tears.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.