bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Simons Observatory: metamaterial microwave absorber and its cryogenic applications
Authors: Xu Zhilei , Chesmore Grace E. , Adachi Shunsuke , Ali Aamir M. , Bazarko Andrew , Coppi Gabriele , Devlin Mark , Devlin Tom , Dicker Simon R. , Gallardo Patricio A. , Golec Joseph E. , Gudmundsson Jon E. , Harrington Kathleen , Hattori Makoto , Kofman Anna , Kiuchi Kenji , Kusaka Akito , Limon Michele , Matsuda Frederick , McMahon Jeff , Nati Federico , Niemack Michael D. , Suzuki Aritoki , Teply Grant P. , Thornton Robert J. , Wollack Edward J. , Zannoni Mario , Zhu Ningfeng 
Published: December 2020

Controlling stray light at millimeter
wavelengths requires special optical design and selection of
absorptive materials that should be compatible with cryogenic
operating environments. While a wide selection of absorptive materials
exists, these typically exhibit high indices of refraction and
reflect/scatter a significant fraction of light before absorption. For
many lower index materials such as commercial microwave absorbers,
their applications in cryogenic environments are challenging. In this
paper, we present a new tool to control stray light: metamaterial
microwave absorber tiles. These tiles comprise an outer metamaterial
layer that approximates a lossy gradient index anti-reflection
coating. They are fabricated via injection molding commercially
available carbon-loaded polyurethane (25% by mass). The injection
molding technology enables mass production at low cost. The design of
these tiles is presented, along with thermal tests to 1 K. Room
temperature optical measurements verify their control of reflectance
to less than 1% up to

65

∘

angles of incidence, and control of
wide angle scattering below 0.01%. The dielectric properties of the
bulk carbon-loaded material used in the tiles is also measured at
different temperatures, confirming that the material maintains similar
dielectric properties down to 3 K.
Low-pressure multipass Raman spectrometer
Authors: Tuesta Alfredo D. , Fisher Brian T. , Skiba Aaron W. , Williams Logan T. , Osborn Michael F. 
Published: December 2020

Nonintrusive, quantitative measurements of thermodynamic properties of
flows associated with propulsion systems are pivotal to advance their
design and optimization. Laser-based diagnostics are ideal to provide
quantitative results without influencing the flow; however, the
environments in which such flows exist are often not conducive for
such techniques. Namely, they often lack the optical accessibility
required to facilitate the delivery of incident laser radiation and
the subsequent collection of induced signals. A particularly
challenging, yet crucial, task is to measure thermodynamic properties
of plumes issuing from thrusters operating within a vacuum chamber.
Large chambers used to simulate the vacuum of space generally lack
optical ports that can facilitate complex laser-based measurements.
Additionally, the near-vacuum environments within such chambers
coupled with the ability of thrusters to efficiently expand the gas
flowing through their nozzles lead to plumes with prohibitively low
number densities (pressures below 1 Torr). Thus, there is a need to
develop a diagnostic system that can offer high throughput without the
use of free-space optical ports. Moreover, facilities where propulsion
systems are tested typically lack vibrationally isolated space for
diagnostic equipment and accurate climate control. As a result, such a
high-throughput system must also be compact, versatile, and robust. To
this end, the present work describes a fiber-coupled, multipass cell,
spontaneous Raman scattering spectroscopy system. This system is
intended to provide accurate temperature measurements within
low-pressure environments via

H

2

rotational Raman thermometry.
Proof-of-principle measurements are successfully performed at
pressures as low as 67 Pa (500 mTorr). Techniques to maintain the
signal-to-noise ratio at lower pressures, and the trade-offs
associated with them, are discussed and evaluated. Finally, the
ability of this system to facilitate additional quantitative
measurements is also discussed.
Genetic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi parasites infecting dogs in southern Louisiana sheds light on parasite transmission cycles and serological diagnostic performance
Authors: Dumonteil Eric , Elmayan Ardem , Majeau Alicia , Tu Weihong , Duhon Brandy , Marx Preston , Wolfson Wendy , Balsamo Garry , Herrera Claudia 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundChagas disease is a neglected zoonosis of growing concern in the southern US, caused by the parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi. We genotyped parasites in a large cohort of PCR positive dogs to shed light on parasite transmission cycles and assess potential relationships between parasite diversity and serological test performance.Methodology/principal findingsWe used a metabarcoding approach based on deep sequencing ofT.cruzimini-exon marker to assess parasite diversity. Phylogenetic analysis of 178 sequences from 40 dogs confirmed the presence ofT.cruzidiscrete typing unit (DTU) TcI and TcIV, as well as TcII, TcV and TcVI for the first time in US dogs. Infections with multiple DTUs occurred in 38% of the dogs. These data indicate a greater genetic diversity ofT.cruzithan previously detected in the US. Comparison ofT.cruzisequence diversity indicated that highly similarT.cruzistrains from these DTUs circulate in hosts and vectors in Louisiana, indicating that they are involved in a sharedT.cruziparasite transmission cycle. However, TcIV and TcV were sampled more frequently in vectors, while TcII and TcVI were sampled more frequently in dogs.Conclusions/significanceThese observations point to ecological host-fitting being a dominant mechanism involved in the diversification ofT.cruzi-host associations. Dogs with negative, discordant or confirmed positiveT.cruziserology harbored TcI parasites with different mini-exon sequences, which strongly supports the hypothesis that parasite genetic diversity is a key factor affecting serological test performance. Thus, the identification of conserved parasite antigens should be a high priority for the improvement of current serological tests.
Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in New York City’s public hospital system
Authors: Kalyanaraman Marcello Roopa , Dolle Johanna , Grami Sheila , Adule Richard , Li Zeyu , Tatem Kathleen , Anyaogu Chinyere , Apfelroth Stephen , Ayinla Raji , Boma Noella , Brady Terence , Cosme-Thormann Braulio F. , Costarella Roseann , Ford Kenra , Gaither Kecia , Jacobson Jessica , Kanter Marc , Kessler Stuart , Kristal Ross B. , Lieber Joseph J. , Mukherjee Vikramjit , Rizzo Vincent , Rowell Madden , Stevens David , Sydney Elana , Wallach Andrew , Chokshi Dave A. , Davis Nichola ,   New York City Health + Hospitals COVID-19 Population Health Data Team
Published: December 2020

Background
New York City (NYC) bore the greatest burden of COVID-19 in the United States early in the pandemic. In this case series, we describe characteristics and outcomes of racially and ethnically diverse patients tested for and hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York City’s public hospital system.

Methods
We reviewed the electronic health records of all patients who received a SARS-CoV-2 test between March 5 and April 9, 2020, with follow up through April 16, 2020. The primary outcomes were a positive test, hospitalization, and death. Demographics and comorbidities were also assessed.

Results
22254 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2. 13442 (61%) were positive; among those, the median age was 52.7 years (interquartile range [IQR] 39.5–64.5), 7481 (56%) were male, 3518 (26%) were Black, and 4593 (34%) were Hispanic. Nearly half (4669, 46%) had at least one chronic disease (27% diabetes, 30% hypertension, and 21% cardiovascular disease). Of those testing positive, 6248 (46%) were hospitalized. The median age was 61.6 years (IQR 49.7–72.9); 3851 (62%) were male, 1950 (31%) were Black, and 2102 (34%) were Hispanic. More than half (3269, 53%) had at least one chronic disease (33% diabetes, 37% hypertension, 24% cardiovascular disease, 11% chronic kidney disease). 1724 (28%) hospitalized patients died. The median age was 71.0 years (IQR 60.0, 80.9); 1087 (63%) were male, 506 (29%) were Black, and 528 (31%) were Hispanic. Chronic diseases were common (35% diabetes, 37% hypertension, 28% cardiovascular disease, 15% chronic kidney disease). Male sex, older age, diabetes, cardiac history, and chronic kidney disease were significantly associated with testing positive, hospitalization, and death. Racial/ethnic disparities were observed across all outcomes.

Conclusions and relevance
This is the largest and most racially/ethnically diverse case series of patients tested and hospitalized for COVID-19 in New York City to date. Our findings highlight disparities in outcomes that can inform prevention and testing recommendations.
Allogeneic uterus transplantation in a rhesus model: A short-term graft viability study
Authors: Yu Bo , Liu Zhongyu , Zhang Chunyu , Wu Yu , Han Jinsong , Li Huajun , Xu Bing , Guo Hongyan , Zhang Kun 
Published: December 2020

Objective
This study examined the feasibility and safety of allogeneic uterus transplantation (UTx) from a living donor and assessed short-term graft viability in a rhesus model. This research is an important step towards further clinical application of UTx in humans.

Materials and methods
Four female rhesus monkeys with regular menstrual cycles were used in this study, the animals were either donors or recipients depending on ABO blood type compatibility. Retrieval surgery was performed to connect the uterus and uterine arteries together with the ovarian uterine vein from the living donor, and the vagina of the recipient was excised. After the back table had been prepared, bilateral uterine arteries were anastomosed end-to-side with the iliac externa arteries, and bilateral ovarian uterine veins were anastomosed end-to-side with the iliac externa vena. The transplanted uterus was evaluated based on the conditions of arterial blood, and flow was evaluated by transabdominal ultrasonography one month post operation. The conditions of the transplanted uterus were examined by secondary laparotomy. The reproductive function of rhesus monkeys was evaluated on the basis of the menstrual cycle.

Results
All 4 rhesus monkeys received the transplantation surgery without any surgical complications. No injury occurred in the other organs, and no vascular injury was observed in the allogeneic uterus. All recipients survived after the surgery with a 100% short-term survival rate. All recipients resumed normal menstruation within two months after surgery.

Conclusions
Our short follow-up shows that allogeneic UTx surgery is a safe and feasible technology in the rhesus model. The arterial conditions and blood flow of the grafted uterus can be monitored by ultrasonography examination.
Accelerated whole-body protein catabolism in subjects with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and albuminuria
Authors: Zanetti Michela , Barazzoni Rocco , Kiwanuka Edward , Vettore Monica , Vedovato Monica , Tessari Paolo 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAlbuminuria develops in ~40% of subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), and is often associated with malnutrition, severe comorbidities and decreased life expectancy. The association between albuminuria and altered whole body protein turnover in T2DM is currently unknown.ObjectiveTo assess whole body protein degradation and synthesis in type 2 diabetes with and without albuminuria.MethodsFourteen T2DM male subjects, with either increased [AER+] or normal [AER-] urinary albumin excretion rate, and eleven age-matched male healthy controls, were infused with phenylalanine [Phe] and tyrosine [Tyr] tracers. Post-absorptive rates of appearance (Ra) of Phe (= protein degradation) and Tyr, Phe hydroxylation to Tyr (Hy) (catabolic pathway), and Phe disposal to protein synthesis [PS], were determined.ResultsPhe and Tyr Ra were not different among the groups. However, in T2DM [AER+], the fraction of Phe disposal to hydroxylation was ~50% and ~25% greater than that of both controls and T2DM [AER-] (p<0.006 and p = 0.17, respectively). Conversely, as compared to controls, the fractional Phe disposal to PS was ~10% lower in T2DM [AER+] (p<0.006), and not different from that in T2DM [AER-]. As a consequence, in T2DM [AER+], the ratio between the fractional Phe disposal to hydroxylation and that to PS was ~70% greater (p = 0.005) than that in healthy controls, whereas in the T2DM [AER-] this ratio was ~30% greater than in controls (p = 0.19).ConclusionsOn the basis of the kinetics of the essential amino acid phenylalanine, T2DM subjects with increased AER exhibit a catabolic pattern of whole body protein turnover.
“So sometimes, it looks like it’s a neglected ward”: Health worker perspectives on implementing kangaroo mother care in southern Malawi
Authors: Kinshella Mai-Lei Woo , Salimu Sangwani , Chiwaya Brandina , Chikoti Felix , Chirambo Lusungu , Mwaungulu Ephrida , Banda Mwai , Newberry Laura , Njirammadzi Jenala , Hiwa Tamanda , Vidler Marianne , Molyneux Elizabeth M. , Dube Queen , Mfutso-Bengo Joseph , Goldfarb David M. , Kawaza Kondwani , Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda 
Published: December 2020

Introduction
Kangaroo mother care (KMC) involves continuous skin-to-skin contact of baby on mother’s chest to provide warmth, frequent breastfeeding, recognizing danger signs of illness, and early discharge. Though KMC is safe, effective and recommended by the World Health Organization, implementation remains limited in practice. The objective of this study is to understand barriers and facilitators to KMC practice at tertiary and secondary health facilities in southern Malawi from the perspective of health workers.

Methods
This study is part of the “Integrating a neonatal healthcare package for Malawi” project in the Innovating for Maternal and Child Health in Africa initiative. In-depth interviews were conducted between May-Aug 2019 with a purposively drawn sample of service providers and supervisors working in newborn health at a large tertiary hospital and three district-level hospitals in southern Malawi. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach using NVivo 12 software (QSR International, Melbourne, Australia).

Findings
A total of 27 nurses, clinical officers, paediatricians and district health management officials were interviewed. Staff attitudes, inadequate resources and reliance on families emerged as key themes. Health workers from Malawi described KMC practice positively as a low-cost, low-technology solution appropriate for resource-constrained health settings. However, staff perceptions that KMC babies were clinically stable was associated with lower prioritization in care and poor monitoring practices. Neglect of the KMC ward by medical staff, inadequate staffing and reliance on caregivers for supplies were associated with women self-discharging early.

Conclusion
Though routine uptake of KMC was policy for stable low birthweight and preterm infants in the four hospitals, there were gaps in monitoring and maintenance of practice. While conceptualized as a low-cost intervention, sustainable implementation requires investments in technologies, staffing and hospital provisioning of basic supplies such as food, bedding, and KMC wraps. Strengthening hospital capacities to support KMC is needed as part of a continuum of care for premature infants.
Prevalence and risk factors of disability and anxiety in a retrospective cohort of 432 survivors of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (Covid-19) from China
Authors: Zhu Siyi , Gao Qiang , Yang Lin , Yang Yonghong , Xia Wenguang , Cai Xiguo , Hui Yanping , Zhu Di , Zhang Yanyan , Zhang Guiqing , Wu Shuang , Wang Yiliang , Zhou Zhiqiang , Liu Hongfei , Zhang Changjie , Zhang Bo , Yang Jianrong , Feng Mei , Ni Zhong , Chen Baoyu , Du Chunping , He Hongchen , Qu Yun , Wei Quan , He Chengqi , Reinhardt Jan D. 
Published: December 2020

Objective
To estimate the prevalence of disability and anxiety in Covid-19 survivors at discharge from hospital and analyze relative risk by exposures.

Design
Multi-center retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Twenty-eight hospitals located in eight provinces of China.

Methods
A total of 432 survivors with laboratory-confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection participated in this study. At discharge, we assessed instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) with Lawton’s IADL scale, dependence in activities of daily living (ADL) with the Barthel Index, and anxiety with Zung’s self-reported anxiety scale. Exposures included comorbidity, smoking, setting (Hubei vs. others), disease severity, symptoms, and length of hospital stay. Other risk factors considered were age, gender, and ethnicity (Han vs. Tibetan).

Results
Prevalence of at least one IADL problem was 36.81% (95% CI: 32.39–41.46). ADL dependence was present in 16.44% (95% CI: 13.23–20.23) and 28.70% (95% CI: 24.63–33.15) were screened positive for clinical anxiety. Adjusted risk ratio (RR) of IADL limitations (RR 2.48, 95% CI: 1.80–3.40), ADL dependence (RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.15–3.76), and probable clinical anxiety (RR 2.53, 95% CI 1.69–3.79) were consistently elevated in survivors with severe Covid-19. Age was an additional independent risk factor for IADL limitations and ADL dependence; and setting (Hubei) for IADL limitations and anxiety. Tibetan ethnicity was a protective factor for anxiety but a risk factor for IADL limitations.

Conclusion
A significant proportion of Covid-19 survivors had disability and anxiety at discharge from hospital. Health systems need to be prepared for an additional burden resulting from rehabilitation needs of Covid-19 survivors.
Impact of variability in estimated glomerular filtration rate on major clinical outcomes: A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Lee Soojin , Park Sehoon , Kim Yaerim , Lee Yeonhee , Kang Min Woo , Cho Semin , Kim Yong Chul , Han Seung Seok , Lee Hajeong , Lee Jung Pyo , Joo Kwon Wook , Lim Chun Soo , Kim Yon Su , Han Kyungdo , Kim Dong Ki 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), commonly estimated using the serum creatinine value, often fluctuates throughout the serial measurement. The clinical significance of GFR variation among the general population with normal renal function has not yet been demonstrated. Thus, we explored the impact of GFR variability on adverse clinical outcomes.MethodsA nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance System database was performed. National health screening examinees who underwent creatinine measurement ≥3 times between 2012 and 2016 were considered. Those with eGFR under 60 mL/min/m2were excluded. The fluctuation of eGFR was represented with variability independent of the mean (VIM) index; which was calculated by the standard deviation divided by the exponent of the regression coefficient of the mean. Then, the risks of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and death were assessed according to the quartiles of the VIMResultsOf total 3,538,500 participants, 0.29% of myocardial infarction (MI), 0.14% of stroke, 0.36% of deaths were observed during the median follow up of 3.27 years. Participants with the highest VIM index, which represents the highest eGFR variability, were significantly associated with an increased risk of MI (hazard ratio [HR]; 1.10, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]; 1.04–1.16), stroke (HR: 1.16; 95% CI 1.09–1.23), and death (HR: 1.18; 95% CI 1.12–1.24). The elevated risk of adverse events was consistent after the multivariate adjustment with potential confounding factors, except the risk of MI (HR 1.06; 95% 1.00–1.06).ConclusionsIncreased eGFR variability exhibited an association with major clinical outcomes, indicating that monitoring eGFR variability might be a useful parameter for predicting the adverse outcomes.
The use of historical call data records as evidence in the criminal justice system – lessons learned from the Danish telecom scandal
Authors: Lentz Lene Wacher , Sunde Nina 
Published: December 2020

Historical call data records (HCDR) are frequently used as evidence in criminal trials. However, several inherent uncertainties are associated with HCDR data, and, additionally, errors may occur when law enforcement processes the data. In Denmark, processing errors were introduced into HCDR from 2010 until 2019. The Danish authorities are currently reviewing more than 10,000 criminal cases in order to secure a fair trial. This article conducts a socio-technical analysis of the Danish telecom scandal, which shows that, in addition to the processing errors highlighted, sources of error are related to competence, cognitive factors and inadequate quality management.
Index words: Denmark; criminal law; call data records; uncertainties; prosecution processing errors
(Des)Protección de personas LGTBI en espacios seguros. Un análisis de las experiencias migratorias en Guatemala y México
Authors: González Hidalgo Eloísa , Lo Coco Daniela 
Published: December 2020

La vulnerabilidad de las personas lesbianas, gais, transexuales, bisexuales e intersexuales (LGTBI) durante su proceso migratorio ha generado una nueva preocupación en la comunidad internacional. En las últimas décadas se ha tenido en cuenta esta diversidad para generar mecanismos de protección, uno de ellos es la Red de Espacios Seguros (RSSN) en Centroamérica y México, bajo el ACNUR. Sin embargo, el camino para disminuir el grado de vulnerabilidad es complejo.
El objetivo de este artículo es evidenciar las lagunas en la protección de las personas LGTBI en los espacios seguros en México y Guatemala. La metodología se apoya en la revisión de fuentes secundarias y en el trabajo de campo en el que se llevaron a cabo observaciones directas, grupos de discusión y entrevistas en profundidad a personas en tránsito, solicitantes de asilo y refugiadas LGTBI.
Bucles retroactivos y generativos en la construcción narrativa de saberes pedagógicos y didácticos de docentes en contextos universitarios
Authors: García Mora Lewis Herney 
Published: December 2020

Se presenta un artículo de investigación que muestra resultados finales del proyecto de investigación “Construcción de saberes sobre la práctica docente en la Universidad Santo Tomás- seccional Bucaramanga: Un aporte desde el paradigma de la complejidad”, con él se busca mostrar la construcción de saberes pedagógicos y didácticos desde el paradigma de la complejidad, a partir del reconocimiento y la reflexión de las narrativas sobre las prácticas docentes. Como metodología se propuso una investigación orientada desde el enfoque interpretativo con un diseño narrativo. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas que fueron analizadas con el apoyo del software Atlas-ti, el modelo interpretativo partido de la categorización de unidades de sentido desde las categorías de reconocimiento y reflexión, seguida de una descripción, interpretación y conceptualización. Se identificaron siete principales estrategias y acciones didácticas que implementaron los docentes: Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos; Proyecto Integrador; Talleres y Grupos de Colaboración; Prácticas y Uso de Laboratorios; Uso de las TIC; Investigación en Aula, y Utilización y Producción de Material de Apoyo. Las reflexiones giraron alrededor de la Planeación docente; concepciones, implementación y formación en el Modelo Educativo Pedagógico Institucional; formación docente; desempeño académico; seguimiento al aprendizaje y fortalezas y debilidades. Se concluye que el saber pedagógico es el resultado de los procesos reflexivos o de la praxis que el docente realiza sobre los procesos de planeación, desarrollo y evaluación del proceso formativo. En ellos se entretejen elementos pedagógicos y didácticos de manera simultánea, complementaria y antagónica constituyendo su carácter complejo.