bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea factors affecting success
Authors: Ismael Shymaa A , Elhussiny Fatma M , Saif Doaa A , Elsayed Asmaa F 
Published: October 2019

Introduction
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea was defined firstly by Willis in 1676 owing to breakdown of the layers of the meninges, the bone of the skull, the periosteum, and the nasal mucosa. Multiple causes can induce CSF rhinorrhea. These causes may be traumatic (accidental or iatrogenic after endoscopic sinus surgery) or spontaneous. The most common symptom is unilateral rhinorrhea which may be increased by stooping or performing valsalva maneuver. Other manifestations like irritability caused by pneumocephalus can also occur.

Aim
The management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is challenging. Many factors affect its success and can prevent recurrence or failure. This study aims to investigate the outcome of surgical management for CSF rhinorrhea and the factors associated with it.

Patients and methods
A total of 30 patients were admitted for surgery for nasal CSF fistula. Patients with rhinorrhea with more than 2 weeks of conservative treatment, some patients who underwent open surgery, and others who underwent endoscopic surgery were included in our study. The follow-up was continued for 6–18 months after surgery. Many factors were studied to recognize the causes of recurrence and failure such as intracranial hypertension, site of defect, etiology of leak, size of graft, using of fibrin glue, packing of defect, and type of graft.

Results
Among the included patients, 22 (73.3%) had a history of increased intracranial tension (ICT). The defect was in the cribriform plate in 10 (33.3%) patients, ethmoidal in five (16.7%) patients, sphenoidal in five (16.7%) patients, and in the frontal sinus in two (6.7%) patients. The success of surgery was observed in 20 patients, whereas failure occurred in seven patients, and recurrence occurred in three patients. The most important two factors affecting the outcome are the increased ICT (P=0.006) and the size of graft (P=0.003).

Conclusion
For successful surgical management of CSF rhinorrhea, increased ICT must be treated thoroughly preoperatively and postoperatively. Furthermore, the size of graft must be large in relation to the size of defect.
Role of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde biomarkers in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Saif Eldeen Eman M. S , El Sharkawy Rasha E , Abd El Azim Ghada S , Mohamed Nagwa A , Abd Elmajed Mona Z 
Published: October 2019

Background
Oxidative stress (OS) contributes to several mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Aim
To assess the role of OS biomarkers in pathogenesis of MS and the effect of interferon-β (IFN-β) on OS in MS.

Patients and methods
A total of 40 patients diagnosed as having relapsing-remitting MS with age ranged from 20 to 40 years participated in the study. Of them, 20 patients were on IFN-β for at least 6 months, and 20 patients were not receiving any disease-modifying therapy. Another 20 apparently healthy participants, age matched with the patients, were considered as a control group. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated in both patients and control groups.

Results
The serum levels of NO and MDA were significantly higher in patients with relapsing-remitting MS than control group, and in those not taking disease-modifying therapy than patients on IFN-β. Serum levels of both MDA and NO were correlated with degree of disability assessed by expanded disability status scale.

Conclusion
NO and MDA are reliable markers of OS and could be used as markers of disease progression and treatment response in patients with MS. IFN-β has a strong effect on OS and it may exhibit its effect in the management of MS by acting as antioxidant in addition to its anti-inflammatory effect.
Clinical, brain imaging, and electroencephalogram evaluation of cases of cerebral palsy with epilepsy
Authors: Hassan Hassan A , Mohamed Abdel N , Mohammad Mohammad A , Gebreel Mohamed A , Hamed Waleed A 
Published: October 2019

Background
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a chronic disorder of movement and posture. It is the result of a nonprogressive damage of immature nervous system caused by several factors that have occurred in prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal periods. Epilepsy is one of the most common problems among patients with CP.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to evaluate patients with epileptic CP by clinical findings, electroencephalogram (EEG), as well as cranial MRI findings.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 patients, seen at pediatric neurology clinics at Al-Azhar University Hospitals. All patients were subjected to detailed medical history, detailed general and neurological examination, EEG, and MRI brain.

Result
Spastic quadriplegia was the most common type, seen in 29 (41.4%) cases. Generalized tonic–clonic seizure was the most common type of convulsion in our cases (42.9%). EEG abnormalities were commonly seen in CP with epilepsy (78.6%). The most common MRI scan abnormalities in epileptic children with CP were brain atrophy.

Conclusion
Spastic quadriplegia is the most common type of CP associated with seizures. EEG is a useful tool in detecting types of electrical discharges. MRI is the most useful tool in detecting the etiology of CP.
Psychosocial aspects, life events, and quality of life of a sample of adolescent males with substance use
Authors: Ismail Reda M , Hussein Rania , Arafa Shaimaa M , Adel Asmaa M 
Published: October 2019

Introduction
Alcohol and other substance use are on the rise among the young across the globe. Studies indicate that substance-use behaviors generally begin during adolescence. Early initiation and regular use is often associated with negative consequences. Research on adolescents focuses increasingly on features of the family and social background in predicting substance use, such as parenting style, parental substance use, divorce, separation, child abuse, and so on.

Aim
This study aimed at exploring the effect of various familial and psychosocial risk factors on the development and severity of substance use in a sample of Egyptian adolescents, the associated life events, and their reflection on the quality of life (QoL).

Patients and Methods
This is a cross-sectional case–control study. It included two groups: the patient group, which included 50 male adolescents from Abbasiya Mental Health Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, from the outpatient clinic of adolescents addiction, between 12 and 19 years of age who were diagnosed as being substance abusers or substance dependents according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria, and the control group, which included 50 age-matched and sex-matched participants with no current psychiatric or neurological disorders. Tools of assessment used were as follows: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children and adolescents for clinical diagnosis of substance use disorder, the scoring system of Fahmy and EL-Sherbini for measurement of socioeconomic status, life events stresses questionnaire, and PCASEE questionnaire for QoL for assessment of health status and QoL.

Results
Overall, 96.6% of the patients were living in medium-level and low-level households, mothers of cases showed more independence in their parenting style, whereas the fathers of the case group were more rejecting than the fathers of the control group, and 72.8% of cases had a positive family history of drug abuse. The most commonly abused substances were tramadol, cannabis, sedatives, hypnotics, alcohol, and heroin. The majority of the studied cases were abusing more than one drug (70%). There is a significant differences between patient and control groups regarding to all life event stressors, including family, economic, study, social, emotional, health, and personal stressors. For assessment of health status and QoL, there were statistically significant differences between patient and control groups regarding physical, cognitive, mood, social, financial, and personal problems.

Conclusion
The substance use disorders are a major health problem among youth. Tramadol dependency is at the top of all substances abused in Egypt, followed by polysubstances. The findings highlight how family influences subsequent adolescent substance use and how substance use affects all domains of QoL.
Effect of laparoscopic ovarian drilling on serum vascular endothelial growth factor and ovarian stromal blood flow in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: El Latiff Al Shimaa A , Abu Ria Hanaa F , Abd El-Fattah Naela H 
Published: October 2019

Background
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have significant difference in their ovarian stromal blood flow indices when compared with women with normal ovaries.

Aim
To determine the serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and ovarian stromal blood flow changes in anovulatory women with polycystic ovarian syndrome before and after laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD).

Patients and methods
This is a prospective, controlled study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Al Zahraa University Hospital. Thirty-eight women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) according to Rotterdam Criteria, 2003, aged 25–40 years, BMI between 20 and 30 kg/m2, having normal hysterosalpingography (HSG), resistant to clomifene citrate treatment, and partners having normal semen analysis according to WHO criteria were included. Thirty-eight women with polycystic ovarian syndrome resistant to clomifene citrate treatment and 18 healthy fertile women served as the control group. Ovarian Doppler and serum levels of VEGF, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), and total testosterone were measured in the early follicular phase of PCOS (before LOD) and control cases, then PCOS women undergo LOD, then ovarian Doppler and serum levels of VEGF, LH, FSH, and total testosterone were measured in the early follicular phase within 3 months after LOD

Results
After LOD, serum level of VEGF concentrations in women with PCOS significantly decrease in its level after LOD; LH decreased significantly from 11.1±1.4 mIU/ml before LOD to 5.8±0.8 mIU/ml after LOD. FSH increased significantly from 4.5±0.6 mIU/ml before LOD to 7±0.1 mIU/ml after LOD and total testosterone decreased significantly from 0.9±0.2 ng/ml before LOD to 0.5±0.1 ng/ml after LOD. Ovarian stromal blood flow velocity declined significantly after LOD in women with PCOS. There is significant increase in the resistance index, pulsatility index after LOD when compared with its value before LOD levels.

Conclusion
LOD reduced serum levels of VEGF, in addition to ovarian blood flow indices, in women with PCOS. LOD is a good second choice to induce ovulation in patients with PCOS who are clomifene citrate resistant, as it improves ovulation in infertile anovulatory PCOS women.
Deciding the Existence of Minority Terms
Authors: Kazda Alexandr , Opršal Jakub , Valeriote Matt , Zhuk Dmitriy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the computational complexity of deciding if a given finite idempotent algebra has a ternary term operation $m$ that satisfies the minority equations $m(y,x,x)\approx m(x,y,x)\approx m(x,x,y)\approx y$. We show that a common polynomial-time approach to testing for this type of condition will not work in this case and that this decision problem lies in the class NP.
Paris in Modern Times
Authors: Harison Casey 
Published: October 2019

Drawing upon a vast body of historical scholarship, Casey Harison’s Paris in Modern Times provides the first detailed academic history of Paris in the modern age.
Chronologically surveying Paris’s history from the Old Regime of the late-18th century through to the present day, this book explores the social, economic, political and cultural developments that come together to tell the story of this iconic city. Each chapter has an introduction and illuminating ‘sidebars’ that touch upon the ways in which Parisian history has intersected with wider changes in France and beyond. The text, which also includes a wealth of images, maps, and a further reading section, takes the opportunity to place Paris and its history in a broader French, Atlantic and global historical context in order to cover an essential aspect of what has been such an important city the world over.
Paris in Modern Times is vital reading for anyone seeking to know more about the history of Paris or the history of France since the French Revolution.
The Politics of Vietnamese Craft
Authors: Way Jennifer 
Published: October 2019

Jennifer Way’s study The Politics of Vietnamese Craft uncovers a little-known chapter in the history of American cultural diplomacy, in which Vietnamese craft production was encouraged and shaped by the US State Department as an object for consumption by middle class America.
Way explores how American business and commerce, department stores, the art world and national museums variously guided the marketing and meanings of Vietnamese craft in order to advance American diplomatic and domestic interests. Conversely, American uses of Vietnamese craft provide an example of how the United States aimed to absorb post-colonial South Vietnam into the ‘Free World’, in a Cold War context of American anxiety about communism spreading throughout Southeast Asia.
Way focuses in particular on the part played by the renowned American designer Russel Wright, contracted by the US International Cooperation Administration’s aid programs for South Vietnam to survey the craft industry in South Vietnam and manage its production, distribution and consumption abroad and at home. Way shows how Wright and his staff brought American ideas about Vietnamese history and culture to bear in managing the making of Vietnamese craft.
Designing the Department Store
Authors: Orr Emily M. 
Published: October 2019

The book builds an original argument for the department store as a significant site of design production, and therefore offers an alternative interpretation to the mainstream focus on consumption within retail history.
Emily M. Orr presents a fresh perspective on the rise of modern urban consumer culture, of which the department store was a key feature. By investigating the production processes of display as well as fascinating information about display-making’s tools and technologies, the skills of the displayman and the meaning and context of design decisions which shaped the final visual effect are revealed.
In addition, the book identifies and isolates ‘display’ as a distinct moment in the life of the commodity, and understands it as an influential channel of mediation in the shopping experience. The assembly and interpretation of a diverse range of previously unexplored primary resources and archives yields fascinating new evidence, showing how display achieved an agency which transformed everyday objects into commodities and made consumers out of passersby.
Multisensory Living in Ancient Rome
Authors: Platts Hannah 
Published: October 2019

Classicists have long wondered what everyday life was like in ancient Greece and Rome. How, for example, did the slaves, visitors, inhabitants or owners experience the same home differently? And how did owners manipulate the spaces of their homes to demonstrate control or social hierarchy?
To answer these questions, Hannah Platts draws on a diverse range of evidence and an innovative amalgamation of methodological approaches to explore multisensory experience – auditory, olfactory, tactile, gustatory and visual – in domestic environments in Rome, Pompeii and Herculaneum for the first time, from the first century BCE to the second century CE. Moving between social registers and locations, from non-elite urban dwellings to lavish country villas, each chapter takes the reader through a different type of room and offers insights into the reasons, emotions and cultural factors behind perception, recording and control of bodily senses in the home, as well as their sociological implications. Multisensory Living in Ancient Rome will appeal to all students and researchers interested in Roman daily life and domestic architecture.
2019/28 An employer may impose a ban on the wearing of any visible sign of political, philosophical or religious beliefs on employees in contact with customers (FR)
Authors: Toumieux Claire , Robert Thomas 
Published: October 2019

2019/28 An employer may impose a ban on the wearing of any visible sign of political, philosophical or religious beliefs on employees in contact with customers (FR)
Both the French Supreme Court and the Versailles Court of Appeal held that an employer, who must ensure that liberties and fundamental rights of each employee are respected in the working community, may lawfully prohibit the wearing of any visible sign of political, philosophical or religious beliefs in the workplace, provided that the rule contained in the company rules and regulations applies without distinction to employees in direct contact with the customers of the company only. But in the absence of such rules, sanctioning an employee who refuses to remove her Islamic veil based on the wish of a customer, which does not qualify as a genuine and determining occupational requirement, amounts to an unlawful direct discrimination and should consequently be held null and void.
2019/29 Eweida versus Achbita: a storm in a teacup? (EU)
Authors: Hashemi Morwarid 
Published: October 2019

2019/29 Eweida versus Achbita: a storm in a teacup? (NL)
Most scholars have argued that the Achbita judgment is not in line with the jurisprudence of the ECtHR, in particular with the Eweida judgment, and gives less protection to the employee than granted by the ECtHR. In this article, I provide a different perspective on the relation between both judgments and nuance the criticisms that followed the Achbita judgment.
2019/35 Repairing past mistakes in holiday pay: two cases, two different outcomes (NL)
Authors: Vos Jan-Pieter 
Published: October 2019

2019/35 Repairing past mistakes in holiday pay: two cases, two different outcomes (NL)
A number of collective labour agreements unjustifiably have excluded allowances from holiday pay. Recently, social partners have had difficulties in repairing these flaws. Two recent cases demonstrate this, both similar claims but with different outcomes. This leaves social partners with the problem of how to proceed.
De rol van de regering bij de totstandkoming van initiatiefwetgeving
Authors: Breunese H.M.B. 
Published: October 2019

De rol van de regering bij de totstandkoming van initiatiefwetgeving
Dit artikel bespreekt welke rol de regering speelt bij de totstandkoming van initiatiefwetgeving. Die rol is beperkter dan bij andere wetgeving. Bij de voorbereiding van initiatiefvoorstellen wordt soms ambtelijke bijstand verleend, maar in dat geval vertolkt de ambtenaar niet het standpunt van het kabinet. In de fase van de parlementaire behandeling is de rol van het kabinet prominenter: het kabinet bepaalt dan zijn inhoudelijke standpunt over het initiatiefvoorstel. Pas in de fase na de afronding van de parlementaire behandeling heeft de regering een doorslaggevende rol: een door beide Kamers aangenomen initiatiefvoorstel wordt slechts wet als de regering dat bekrachtigt.
De ontkoppeling van kiesrecht en ingezetenschap in Canada
Authors: Karapetian G. 
Published: October 2019

De ontkoppeling van kiesrecht en ingezetenschap in Canada
Bij de herziening van de Grondwet in 1983 is het kiesrecht voor de leden van de Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal ontkoppeld van ingezetenschap. In Canada heeft deze ontkoppeling van kiesrecht en ingezetenschap plaatsgevonden in januari 2019, bij wege van de uitspraak van het Supreme Court in de zaak Frank v. Canada. In deze bijdrage staat de vraag centraal op welke wijze het Supreme Court in dit arrest tot het oordeel komt dat de Canadese Kieswet op dit punt in strijd is met het Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Nieuwe en gedurfde rechtssociologie
Authors: van Lochem P.J.P.M. 
Published: October 2019

Nieuwe en gedurfde rechtssociologie. Bruikbare kennis voor de wetgever?
In zijn Nobody’s Law presenteert Hertogh een nieuwe rechtssociologische benadering en plaatst die tegenover de kritische benadering. Kern van deze nieuwe (‘seculiere’) benadering is het concept rechtsvervreemding. Of deze nieuwe benadering voor de wetgeving bruikbare kennis gaat opleveren, zoals andere rechtssociologische benaderingen doen, is twijfelachtig. Het is immers moeilijk om wetgeving af te stemmen op mensen die van het recht vervreemd zouden zijn. Daarnaast vergt het concept rechtsvervreemding verheldering, zonder – zoals nu is gedaan – de werkelijkheid (cases) op maat te snijden.
Co-culpabilidade às avessas e suas vertentes quanto a seletividade e os delitos contra a ordem econômica, financeira e tributária
Authors: Soda Robson Leandro , Carvalho Porto Rosane Teresinha 
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo, por meio de metodologia indutiva e pesquisa doutrinária e jurisprudencial, se propõe a elucidar o princípio da co-culpabilidade às avessas, uma realidade flagrante em nossa legislação, o qual se manifesta por meio de três vertentes, quais sejam a da promoção da seletividade e criminalização da vulnerabilidade, do abrandamento de pena nos crimes econômicos, financeiros e tributários e, por fim, a co-culpabilidade às avessas como mecanismo de maior reprovação penal dos crimes praticados por pessoas de alto poder socioeconômico, os chamados “incluídos sociais”.
Implementation of Laboratory Review of Test Builds Within the Electronic Health Record Reduces Errors
Authors: Barry Courtney , Edmonston Tina Bocker , Gandhi Snehal , Ganti Kennedy , Kim Nami , Bierl Charlene 
Published: October 2019

Context.—
As electronic health records (EHRs) become more ubiquitous, physicians have come to expect that laboratory data from a variety of sources will be incorporated into the EHR in a structured format. The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments have standards for data transmission traditionally met by pathologist review of their own hospital laboratory information system transmissions. However, with third-party laboratory data now being sent through external (nonhospital laboratory) interfaces, ownership of this review is less clear. Lack of an expert laboratory review process prior to changes being implemented can result in mapping and interfacing errors that could lead to misinterpretation and diagnostic errors.

Objective.—
To determine the impact of retrospective and prospective laboratorian-assisted review on the volume of interface errors and new builds.

Design.—
A seminal event led to a restructuring of the process for review of EHR laboratory builds, using laboratory expertise.

Results.—
A review of 26 500 test result fields found 61 of 4282 (1.4%) unique codes that could have led to misinterpretation. These were corrected and a process for proactive review and maintenance by laboratory experts was implemented. This resulted in monthly decreases in outbound error message from 4270 to 1820 (57.4%), in new test builds from 586 to 274 (53.2%), and in new result builds from 1116 to 552 (50.5%).

Conclusions.—
Regular review and maintenance of external laboratory test builds in EHRs by a laboratory review team reduces interface error messages and reduces the number of new builds required for results to file into the EHR.