bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A modification of a traditional Ethiopian maize store for solar powered ambient drying to reduce post-harvest losses
Authors: Román Franz , Garbaba Chemeda Abedeta , Schellert Christian , Hensel Oliver 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA gombisa is a traditional Ethiopian structure widely used for maize storage over several months. It lacks adequate ventilation for timely moisture removal, which promotes mold development and aflatoxin production. In this study, a traditional gombisa was compared to one modified by installing a solar powered fan to provide forced ambient air ventilation during daytime. Approximately 900 kg of moist ear maize were loaded into each structure and samples from selected locations were weighed periodically to monitor moisture loss. Temperature and relative humidity of ambient air and inside the maize bulk were continuously recorded. Significantly faster drying was achieved in the modified gombisa, where drying occurred from bottom to top. In the traditional store, drying was much faster at the surface, with drying rate declining sharply with increasing depth in the bulk due to more limited air exchange. Relative humidity in the bulk center of the traditional structure remained above 90% for more than 4 weeks while in the modified gombisa it decreased progressively from the beginning of the trial. The results are promising and the modifications simple to implement, with the potential to effectively reduce post-harvest losses of maize. Field tests in Ethiopia are recommended.
MRI based volumetric measurements of vestibular schwannomas in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2: comparison of three different software tools
Authors: Kollmann Philipp , Mautner Victor-Felix , Koeppen Johannes , Wenzel Ralph , Friedman Jan M. , Salamon Johannes , Farschtschi Said 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 2 is a neurogenetic disorder with an incidence of about 1:33.000. Hallmarks are bilateral benign vestibular schwannomas, which can lead to deafness or brainstem compression. Volumetric tumor measurements are essential to assess the efficacy of new therapies. We present a statistical and methodical comparison of three volumetric image analysis tools. We performed volumetric measurements on phantoms with predefined volumes (0.1 to 8.0 ml) and tumors seen on 32 head MRI scans from eight NF2 patients with BrainLab, ITK-Snap, or OsiriX. The software was compared with regard to accuracy and reproducibility of the measurements and time required for analysis. The mean volume estimated by all three software programs differed significantly from the true volume of the phantoms, but OsiriX and BrainLab gave estimates that were not significantly different from each other. For the actual tumors, the estimated volumes with all three software tools showed a low coefficient of variability, but the mean volume estimates differed among the tools. OsiriX showed the shortest analysis time. Volumetric assessment of MRI images is associated to an intrinsic risk of miscalculation. For precise volumes it is mandatory to use the same volumetric tools for all measurements.
Structural basis of SALM3 dimerization and synaptic adhesion complex formation with PTPσ
Authors: Karki Sudeep , Shkumatov Alexander V. , Bae Sungwon , Kim Hyeonho , Ko Jaewon , Kajander Tommi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSynaptic adhesion molecules play an important role in the formation, maintenance and refinement of neuronal connectivity. Recently, several leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain containing neuronal adhesion molecules have been characterized including netrin G-ligands, SLITRKs and the synaptic adhesion-like molecules (SALMs). Dysregulation of these adhesion molecules have been genetically and functionally linked to various neurological disorders. Here we investigated the molecular structure and mechanism of ligand interactions for the postsynaptic SALM3 adhesion protein with its presynaptic ligand, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ). We solved the crystal structure of the dimerized LRR domain of SALM3, revealing the conserved structural features and mechanism of dimerization. Furthermore, we determined the complex structure of SALM3 with PTPσ using small angle X-ray scattering, revealing a 2:2 complex similar to that observed for SALM5. Solution studies unraveled additional flexibility for the complex structure, but validated the uniform mode of action for SALM3 and SALM5 to promote synapse formation. The relevance of the key interface residues was further confirmed by mutational analysis with cellular binding assays and artificial synapse formation assays. Collectively, our results suggest that SALM3 dimerization is a pre-requisite for the SALM3-PTPσ complex to exert synaptogenic activity.
Comparison of ophthalmic toxicity of light-emitting diode and organic light-emitting diode light sources
Authors: Jun Ikhyun , Han Soo Jung , Shin Hae-Sol , Kim Jiyeon , Kim Eung Kweon , Kim Tae-im , Yoon Sang Chul , Seo Kyoung Yul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe use of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has rapidly increased in recent years. However, the effect of OLEDs on human health has not been studied yet. We investigated morphologic and functional changes after OLEDs exposure of human ocular cells, including corneal, conjunctival, lens, and retinal pigment epithelial cells, and mouse eyes. In corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells, the levels of reactive oxygen species production and interleukin-8 expression after white light-emitting diodes (LED) exposure were significantly greater than those after OLED exposure. Although no gross morphologic changes of the eyelid or cornea were found in LED- or OLED-exposed mice, oxidative stress on ocular surface was significantly increased, and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was significantly shorter in both light-treated groups than the control group. Moreover, ONL thickness was significantly lower in the LED group than the OLED group. The electroretinography response was significantly lower in light exposure group, and there was significant difference between LED- and OLED-treated mice. Although OLED exhibits certain ocular toxicity, it can be less toxic to eyes than LED. The higher blue-wavelength energy of LED light might be the reason for its higher toxicity relative to OLED.
CD70 expression determines the therapeutic efficacy of expanded human regulatory T cells
Authors: Arroyo Hornero Rebeca , Georgiadis Christos , Hua Peng , Trzupek Dominik , He Li-Zhen , Qasim Waseem , Todd John A. , Ferreira Ricardo C. , Wood Kathryn J. , Issa Fadi , Hester Joanna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical mediators of immune homeostasis. The co-stimulatory molecule CD27 is a marker of highly suppressive Tregs, although the role of the CD27-CD70 receptor-ligand interaction in Tregs is not clear. Here we show that after prolonged in vitro stimulation, a significant proportion of human Tregs gain stable CD70 expression while losing CD27. The expression of CD70 in expanded Tregs is associated with a profound loss of regulatory function and an unusual ability to provide CD70-directed co-stimulation to TCR-activated conventional T cells. Genetic deletion of CD70 or its blockade prevents Tregs from delivering this co-stimulatory signal, thus maintaining their regulatory activity. High resolution targeted single-cell RNA sequencing of human peripheral blood confirms the presence of CD27−CD70+Treg cells. These findings have important implications for Treg-based clinical studies where cells are expanded over extended periods in order to achieve sufficient treatment doses.
ATM-associated signalling triggers the unfolded protein response and cell death in response to stress
Authors: Hotokezaka Yuka , Katayama Ikuo , Nakamura Takashi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can be caused by perturbations in ER function resulting from the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. Accumulating unfolded proteins trigger unfolded protein responses (UPRs) through activating three transmembrane sensors on the ER: IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6. The orchestrated action of these molecules upregulates genes encoding proteins involved in the downregulation of protein synthesis and acceleration of protein secretion. Ineffectiveness of these fail-safe mechanisms may lead to apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms upstream of the UPR are not fully understood. Here we show participation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in stress-induced apoptosis. Cytoplasmic ATM serves as a platform on which protein phosphatase 2A-dependent dephosphorylation of AKT activates glycogen synthase kinase 3β, thereby downregulating nascent polypeptide-associated complex α subunit and γ-taxilin, triggering UPRs and leading to mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. These results suggest an ATM/AKT-dependent cell death pathway triggered by various forms of stress.
Hypoxic microenvironment shapes HIV-1 replication and latency
Authors: Zhuang Xiaodong , Pedroza-Pacheco Isabela , Nawroth Isabel , Kliszczak Anna E. , Magri Andrea , Paes Wayne , Rubio Claudia Orbegozo , Yang Hongbing , Ashcroft Margaret , Mole David , Balfe Peter , Borrow Persephone , McKeating Jane A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractViral replication is defined by the cellular microenvironment and one key factor is local oxygen tension, where hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) regulate the cellular response to oxygen. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected cells within secondary lymphoid tissues exist in a low-oxygen or hypoxic environment in vivo. However, the majority of studies on HIV replication and latency are performed under laboratory conditions where HIFs are inactive. We show a role for HIF-2α in restricting HIV transcription via direct binding to the viral promoter. Hypoxia reduced tumor necrosis factor or histone deacetylase inhibitor, Romidepsin, mediated reactivation of HIV and inhibiting HIF signaling-pathways reversed this phenotype. Our data support a model where the low-oxygen environment of the lymph node may suppress HIV replication and promote latency. We identify a mechanism that may contribute to the limited efficacy of latency reversing agents in reactivating HIV and suggest new strategies to control latent HIV-1.
Interfacial assembly of self-healing and mechanically stable hydrogels for degradation of organic dyes in water
Authors: Yan Guihua , Feng Yunchao , Wang Huiqiang , Sun Yong , Tang Xing , Hong Wenjing , Zeng Xianhai , Lin Lu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMussel-inspired hydrogels have gained attention for underwater applications, including treatment of wastewater. However, they are typically limited by poor mechanical properties, short-term mechanical stability and by not being reusable. Here, we develop a mechanically stable and self-healing hydrogel with high mechanical strength for the degradation of dyes in wastewater, based on cellulose-derived co-polydopamine@Pd nanoparticles. A dynamic catechol redox system was achieved by reversible conversion between semiquinone and quinone/hydroquinone radicals, endowing the hydrogel with stable mechanical properties and self-healing behavior. Furthermore, a graphene oxide membrane is covalently grafted on to the hydrogel surface, which regulates its water permeability and intercepts some metal ions or large particles, protecting the hydrogel structure. High catalytic activity for anionic and cationic dyes is achieved, with the degradation rate reaching more than 95% after multiple cycles without significant deterioration in performance or hydrogel structure. Our work demonstrates a route to achieve mechanically stable hydrogels for degradation of organic dyes in wastewater.
Exploration of immune-related genes in high and low tumor mutation burden groups of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Lei , Chen Xi , Hao Lu , Chen Qiuyan , Liu Haosheng , Zhou Qing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of most common cancers with gradually increasing incidence and high mortality. Chromogenic RCC (chRCC) is the third most common histological subtype of RCC, accounting for approximately 5–7% of RCC. In our study, the transcriptome expression profile data (n=89) of chRCC, corresponding clinical data (n=113) and the somatic mutation data (n=66) were obtained from the TCGA database. We first analyzed the mutation data of chRCC patients and divided chRCC patients into high and low tumor mutation burden (TMB) groups based on the median TMB. We found that high TMB was significantly associated with worse prognosis and could promote tumor metastasis and development. Moreover, four different immune-related genes (BIRC5, PDGFRL, INHBE, IL20RB) were also identified. We found that BIRC5 was significantly overexpressed in the high TMB group and correlated with worse prognosis. The results of univariate and multivariate COX analyses demonstrated that BIRC5 (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.094) may serve as a prognostic indicator for patients with chRCC with high TMB. In addition, we identified the possible functional pathways of BIRC5 through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) enrichment. A positive correlation was obtained between BIRC5 and the abundance of CD4+ T cells. The results of our study revealed their correlation between the immune-related genes and clinicopathologic features as well as potential functional pathways as well as immune infiltrating cells, which may provide more data about the development of chRCC immunotherapy.
Sex diversity in proximal tubule and endothelial gene expression in mice with ischemic acute kidney injury
Authors: Viñas Jose L. , Porter Christopher J. , Douvris Adrianna , Spence Matthew , Gutsol Alex , Zimpelmann Joseph A. , Tailor Karishma , Campbell Pearl A. , Burns Kevin D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Female sex protects against development of acute kidney injury (AKI). While sex hormones may be involved in protection, the role of differential gene expression is unknown. We conducted gene profiling in male and female mice with or without kidney ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Mice underwent bilateral renal pedicle clamping (30 min), and tissues were collected 24 h after reperfusion. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on proximal tubules (PTs) and kidney endothelial cells. Female mice were resistant to ischemic injury compared with males, determined by plasma creatinine and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), histologic scores, neutrophil infiltration, and extent of apoptosis. Sham mice had sex-specific gene disparities in PT and endothelium, and male mice showed profound gene dysregulation with ischemia–reperfusion compared with females. After ischemia PTs from females exhibited smaller increases compared with males in injury-associated genes lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (Havcr1), and keratin 18 (Krt18), and no up-regulation of SRY-Box transcription factor 9 (Sox9) or keratin 20 (Krt20). Endothelial up-regulation of adhesion molecules and cytokines/chemokines occurred in males, but not females. Up-regulated genes in male ischemic PTs were linked to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, while female ischemic PTs showed up-regulated genes in pathways related to transport. The data highlight sex-specific gene expression differences in male and female PTs and endothelium before and after ischemic injury that may underlie disparities in susceptibility to AKI.
Verletzungen und das Unfallgeschehen beeinflussende Faktoren im Paragleitsport
Authors: Schachinger Sebastian , Fahringer Michael , Raschner Christian , Steidl-Müller Lisa 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungWeltweit üben über 100 000 Personen den Paragleitsport aktiv aus. Bisherige Studien analysierten meist retrospektiv Krankenhausdaten oder Einsatzprotokolle von Rettungskräften und fokussierten sich auf die Verletzungsmuster von Paragleitunfällen. Unfallursachen und Einflussfaktoren wurden kaum betrachtet. Daher war das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie, das Unfallgeschehen im Paragleitsport im Alpenraum genauer zu untersuchen und Einflussfaktoren auf die Unfallvorgänge zu identifizieren. Für die Untersuchung wurden die Daten aus den Unfallberichten des „Flash-News“-Magazins (Ausgaben Nr. 149–160), welche die Jahre 2015–2017 umfassten, analysiert. Die Untersuchung beschränkte sich auf Vorfälle in den Ländern Österreich, Deutschland, Schweiz und Italien. Insgesamt entsprachen 487 Vorfälle dem Einschlusskriterium der Verwendung eines konventionellen Paragleitschirms. 88,5 % der Verunfallten waren Männer und das Durchschnittsalter lag bei 42,9 ± 13,7 Jahren. Der Großteil der Unfälle ereignete sich im Sommer und während der Nachmittagsstunden. Die meisten Vorfälle erfolgten während der eigentlichen Flugphase; jedoch zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass beim Vergleich von Tandem- und Solopiloten die Tandempiloten signifikant öfter beim Start verunfallten und Solopiloten signifikant öfter bei der Landung. Als Hauptursache für die Unfälle wurde der Pilotenfehler identifiziert, gefolgt von Wind in Form von Starkwinden oder Böen. In 71 der 487 Unfälle (14,6 %) trugen die Beteiligten keine Verletzungen davon. Verletzten sich die Piloten bei den Unfällen, waren die unteren Extremitäten am häufigsten von Verletzungen betroffen (35,5 %). Insgesamt endeten 45 der 487 Unfälle tödlich (9,2 %). Die höhere Anzahl absolvierter Flüge in den Sommermonaten sowie die turbulente Luft sind vermutlich Gründe für die erhöhten Unfallzahlen von April bis August. Der Pilotenfehler wurde als Hauptunfallursache identifiziert. Daher werden entsprechende Schulungen im Umgang mit schwierigen Situationen und dem Sportgerät empfohlen. Generell ist die Dokumentation der Unfälle im Paragleitsport sehr uneinheitlich und lückenhaft. Die Erhebung mittels eines grenzübergreifenden und einheitlichen Formulars wäre sinnvoll, um vergleichbare und genau definierte Daten zum Unfallgeschehen zu erhalten.
Acaricidal Activity of Artemisia nilagirica Leaves Against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus Ticks
Authors: Udayan Darsana , Nair Suresh Narayanan , Juliet Sanis , Ravindran Reghu , Athalathil Sunil , Adarshkrishna Thumadath Palayullaparambil , Ajithkumar Karapparambu Gopalan , Sreelekha Kana Padinchareveetil , Chandrashekar Leena , Ghosh Srikant 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince time immemorial, human beings have used various parts of plants in either prevention or treatment of ailments. Plants are rich sources of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds with a high structural diversity. Many plants/herbs with specific biological activities such as antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, sedative, and acaricidal activity have been reported. Artemisia nilagirica (C. B. Clarke) Pamp. (Compositae) is a plant traditionally used for insect control in the southern part of India. Previous studies have demonstrated the activity of Artemisia species against pests. The present study thus evaluates the acaricidal activity of crude ethanolic extract of A. nilagirica leaves and its fractions against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus. Ticks are ectoparasites that transmit several protozoal, viral, and rickettsial diseases. In south India, R. (B.)
annulatus is the commonly observed tick species. Control of these acarine parasites that adversely affect milk and meat production is a tough task. Chemical acaricides such as organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids, amitraz, and ivermectin are commonly used in tick control. The high cost, environmental hazards, and development of acaricidal resistance are some of the drawbacks of these chemical acaricides. Plant-based formulations are one of the promising approaches for the control of ectoparasites. Previously, extracts from various medicinal/aromatic plants were reported for acaricidal activity from our laboratory, such as Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston, Chassalia curviflora (Wall.) Thwaites, Jatropha curcas L., and Ageratum conyzoides Hieron. Biochemical quantification, fluorescence analysis, and primary phytochemical analysis are already reported for the ethanolic extract and its fractions of areal parts of
A. nilagirica. Phytochemical characterization of ethanolic extract of A. nilagirica from Kerala, India was shown to have the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, fixed oils and fats, tannins, and glycosides.
Hydroxychloroquine as a Preventive and Therapeutic Option in Preeclampsia – a Literature Review
Authors: Deharde Daniela , Klockenbusch Walter , Schmitz Ralf , Brand Marcus , Köster Helen Ann , Oelmeier de Murcia Kathrin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPreeclampsia is one of the most feared complications of pregnancy and puerperium and represents a serious threat to mother and child. In addition, a history of preeclampsia increases the risk of future cardiovascular events. New diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are needed. New therapeutic options are currently being discussed, one of which is the administration of hydroxychloroquine. It is an antimalarial drug which is also used to treat rheumatological disease and its use in pregnancy is considered safe. A reduced incidence of preeclampsia in patients with selected rheumatological disorders after administration of hydroxychloroquine has already been shown; however, the case numbers are very low. Neither the full pathogenesis of preeclampsia nor the exact modes of action of hydroxychloroquine have been completely elucidated, but there are several common features which make hydroxychloroquine a promising option for the prevention and treatment of preeclampsia.
Further research, especially prospective, randomized controlled trials, is needed to prove its efficacy. This review discusses the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and gives an overview of new options for its prevention and treatment, including the administration of hydroxychloroquine in pregnancy.
Die Diagnose liegt auf der Hand
Authors: Fisser C. , Wiest C. , Hamer O. W. , Müller T. , Lubnow M. , Pfeifer M. , Lerzer C. , Dvorak I. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungEine seltene Form der Dermatomyositis ist die klinische amyopathische Dermatomyositis (CADM). Charakterisiert ist sie durch das Fehlen einer bzw. durch eine nur sehr gering ausgeprägte Muskelbeteiligung. Dementsprechend sind die Kreatinkinase-Werte meist im Normalbereich. Typische Hautmanifestationen sind Gottron-Papeln und Mechanikerhände. Bei Nachweis eines MDa5 (Melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5 intracellular pathogen sensor)-Antikörpers ist die CADM häufig mit einer rasch progredienten und schweren Verlaufsform einer interstitiellen Lungenerkrankung assoziiert. In der Lungenfunktion lässt sich eine Restriktion und eine Hypoxämie unterschiedlichen Ausmaßes nachweisen. Die HRCT-Bildgebung ist nicht spezifisch. Es lassen sich u. a. Milchglas, Retikulationen und Konsolidierungen beobachten. In der bronchioloalveolären Lavage zeigen sich gelegentlich vermehrt Lymphozyten. Histologisch ähnelt das Bild einer nicht-spezifischen interstitiellen Pneumonie oder einer organisierenden Pneumonie. Die Therapie richtet sich nach der Schwere der Ausprägung der klinischen Manifestation. Im Allgemeinen ist eine ausgeprägte immunsuppressive Therapie notwendig. Meist müssen verschiedene Immunsuppressiva kombiniert werden. Ein neuer Therapieansatz stellt die Verwendung des Januskinase-Inhibitors Tofacitinib dar. Zur Therapiekontrolle können der Ferritinspiegel und der MDa5-Antikörper-Titer verwendet werden. Es besteht eine hohe Mortalität von bis zu 84 %.