bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An interactive tool to forecast US hospital needs in the coronavirus 2019 pandemic
Authors: Locey Kenneth J , Webb Thomas A , Khan Jawad , Antony Anuja K , Hota Bala 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
We developed an application (https://rush-covid19.herokuapp.com/) to aid US hospitals in planning their response to the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Materials and Methods
Our application forecasts hospital visits, admits, discharges, and needs for hospital beds, ventilators, and personal protective equipment by coupling COVID-19 predictions to models of time lags, patient carry-over, and length-of-stay. Users can choose from 7 COVID-19 models, customize 23 parameters, examine trends in testing and hospitalization, and download forecast data.

Results
Our application accurately predicts the spread of COVID-19 across states and territories. Its hospital-level forecasts are in continuous use by our home institution and others.

Discussion
Our application is versatile, easy-to-use, and can help hospitals plan their response to the changing dynamics of COVID-19, while providing a platform for deeper study.

Conclusion
Empowering healthcare responses to COVID-19 is as crucial as understanding the epidemiology of the disease. Our application will continue to evolve to meet this need.
Decreased Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Incidence-Based Mortality in the Screening-Age Population of Ontario
Authors: Paszat Lawrence F , Sutradhar Rinku , Corn Elyse , Tinmouth Jill , Baxter Nancy N , Rabeneck Linda 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
We aimed to evaluate trends in Ontario, Canada, 2002 to 2016, in uptake of colorectal evaluative procedures, colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and incidence-based mortality in the colorectal screening-age population.

Methods
We defined the screening age-eligible population as persons 51 to 74 years of age with ≥1 year eligibility for the Ontario Health Insurance Plan, excluding those with a diagnosis of CRC in the Ontario Cancer Registry (OCR) prior to age 50 or January 1, 2002. We computed annual up-to-date status with colorectal evaluative procedures from billing claims, and CRC incidence from the OCR. In order to compute incidence-based CRC mortality, we included persons with a first diagnosis of CRC between the ages of 51 and 74, diagnosed between January 1, 1992 and December 31, 2001, still alive and &lt;75 years of age on January 1, 2002, based on cause of death from the OCR. Overall, age-stratified and sex-stratified trends were evaluated by Cochran–Armitage trend tests.

Results
Persons up to date with colorectal evaluative procedures increased from 628,214/2,782,061 (22.6%) in 2002 to 2,584,570/4,179,789 (62.2%) in 2016. CRC incidence fell from 129.3/100,000 in 2002 to 94.54/100,000 in 2016, and incidence-based CRC mortality fell from 40.8/100,000 to 24.1/100,000. Decreasing trends in overall and stratified incidence and mortality were all significant, except among persons 51 to 54 years old.

Conclusions
There was continued increase in persons up-to-date with colorectal evaluative procedures, and significant decrease in CRC incidence and incidence-based CRC mortality from 2002 through 2016.
Gambling with Justice: A Juridical Approach to the Game of Dice in theDyūtaparvanof theMahābhārata
Authors: Fleming Christopher T 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article draws on Sanskrit jurisprudential literature (Dharmaśāstra) and on Nīlakaṇṭhacaturdhara’s (seventeenth century) Bhāratabhāvadīpa to uncover the motivations behind various characters’ actions before and during the infamous game of dice in the Dyūtaparvan of the Mahābhārata. The Pāṇḍavas and the Kauravas employ diverging lines of subtle Dharmaśāstric reasoning in mutual attempts to entrap one another. This dangerous game of juridical brinksmanship, with Dharma as the stake, results in a decisive moral and legal victory for Yudhiṣṭhira—despite his losing the formal game of dice. Consequently, recent literary analyses of this scene emphasizing Dharma’s fundamental opacity are problematized by encouraging a scholarly focus on legal subtlety and strategy.
Antennal Proteome of the Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Caste Differences in Olfactory Receptors and Chemosensory Support Proteins
Authors: Shah Jaee Shailesh , Renthal Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLittle is known about the expression pattern of odorant and pheromone transporters, receptors, and deactivation enzymes in the antennae of ants carrying out different tasks. In order to begin filling in this information gap, we compared the proteomes of the antennae of workers and males of the red fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Male ants do not perform any colony work, and their only activity is to leave the nest on a mating flight. Previous studies showed that male ants express fewer types of odorant receptors than workers. Thus, we expected to find large differences between male and worker antennae for expression of receptors, transporters, and deactivators of signaling chemicals. We found that the abundance of receptors was consistent with the expected caste-specific signaling complexity, but the numbers of different antenna-specific transporters and deactivating enzymes in males and workers were similar. It is possible that some of these proteins have antenna-specific functions that are unrelated to chemosensory reception. Alternatively, the similar complexity could be a vestige of ant progenitors that had more behaviorally active males. As the reduced behavior of male ants evolved, the selection process may have favored a complex repertoire of transporters and deactivating enzymes alongside a limited repertoire of odorant receptors.
Gallbladder volvulus and hernia through the foramen of Winslow: a case report
Authors: Nguyen Toan Huy , Tran Kinh Huy , Le Xuan Anh , Nguyen Huong Van , Ha Quyet Van 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Gallbladder hernia through the foramen of Winslow is an uncommon condition and gallbladder hernia combined with volvulus is even rarer. A 70-year-old patient was hospitalized with the clinical signs of pain in the right hypochondriac region associated with fever. The computed tomography scan images showed some signs of gallbladder herniation through the foramen of Winslow. We decided to remove the gallbladder and found the gallbladder infundibulum twisted and necrotic. This was the first case of a male patient who suffered from gallbladder herniation with volvulus after three cases of female patients reported in the literature.
Phase I/II study of sorafenib in combination with erlotinib for recurrent glioblastoma as part of a 3-arm sequential accrual clinical trial: NABTC 05-02
Authors: Chen Huanwen , Kuhn John , Lamborn Kathleen R , Abrey Lauren E , DeAngelis Lisa M , Lieberman Frank , Robins H Ian , Chang Susan M , Yung W K Alfred , Drappatz Jan , Mehta Minesh P , Levin Victor A , Aldape Kenneth , Dancey Janet E , Wright John J , Prados Michael D , Cloughesy Timothy F , Wen Patrick Y , Gilbert Mark R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundReceptor tyrosine kinases such as epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) and their downstream signaling pathways such as the Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway play important roles in glioblastoma (GBM). This study investigated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of sorafenib (Ras/Raf/MAPK inhibitor) in combination with erlotinib (EGFR inhibitor) for treatment of recurrent GBMs.MethodsPatients with recurrent GBM were eligible. A novel sequential accrual trial design was used, where patients were sequentially accrued into separate treatment arms in phase I and phase II investigations to optimize recruitment efficiency. In phase I, a standard 3 + 3 format was used to identify dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and investigate pharmacokinetics. Phase II followed a 2-stage design with the primary endpoint being 6-month progression-free survival (PFS6).ResultsSixteen patients were recruited for phase I, and the MTD was determined to be sorafenib 200 mg twice daily and erlotinib 100 mg once daily. DLTs include Grade 3 hypertension, Grade 3 elevated liver transaminases, and Grade 4 elevated lipase. While erlotinib did not affect sorafenib levels, sorafenib reduced erlotinib levels. In phase II, 3 of 19 stage 1 participants were progression free at 6 months. This did not meet the predetermined efficacy endpoint, and the trial was terminated.ConclusionThis study identified the MTD and DLTs for sorafenib and erlotinib combination therapy for recurrent GBMs; however, efficacy data did not meet the primary endpoint. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of a novel sequential accrual clinical trial design that optimizes patient recruitment for multiarm studies, which is particularly effective for multicenter clinical trials.
Legality, Legitimacy, and Legislation: The Role of Exceptional Circumstances in Common Law Judicial Review
Authors: Hooper Hayley J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Preventing the overconcentration of power is a central component of Western constitutional thought. However, in the British constitution power is generally concentrated in representative legislatures. Although these legislatures generally possess legitimating characteristics that courts lack, we cannot assume that this balance will hold true for all time. This article argues that the common law judicial review jurisdiction contains a power to invalidate the Acts of representative legislatures in certain extreme, hypothetical situations. The seeds of this line of thought began with dicta from a minority in Jackson v Attorney General and similar claims have appeared in several other landmark cases, such as AXA Insurance v Lord Advocate and Moohan v Lord Advocate. Rather than something novel, the power to invalidate legislation is best understood as a natural outgrowth of the seeds of a theory of legislative legitimacy present in the common law that began in the late 20th century.
Heroes and Filipino Migrations
Authors: Perillo J. Lorenzo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter highlights the stories of 1990s and 2000s street dancers in order to explore the impact of Filipino familial and labor migration since the early 1970s. Although scholars have usually depicted global hip-hop as an outward flow from the United States, this chapter points to an alternative trajectory—when Filipino talent is part of the 10 percent of the Filipino population to have worked outside the Philippines. This chapter analyzes two figurations—overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) and Petisyonados—that simultaneously recode state-brokered gendered migration, economic motivation, and personal rationale. The processes of migrant identity formation reveal a crucial narrative by which racial and sexual formation factor into the rooting and uprooting of Filipino people and culture. Demythologizing talent and the migrant hero trope, these Filipinos exemplify how the global mobility of people and individual motility of bodies prove to be more closely related than previously thought.
Judges and International Competitions
Authors: Perillo J. Lorenzo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter continues to emphasize embodied critiques against liberal multiculturalism and post-raciality by turning to large-scale commercial competitions and their increasing role in rejuvenating street dance globally. The chapter focuses on the World Hip-Hop Dance Championships (HHI), which enlists judges to watch more than 3,500 dancers from over fifty countries. With an analysis of judges and their practices from 2012 to 2014, the chapter shows that their standardization euphemizes racial, gender, ethnic, and technical difference. At the same time, the chapter reveals dance criticism that undermines the stereotype of Filipinos as naturally gifted dancers in the cultural imaginary. Discourse around dance judging enables discussions of how multiple ethnic traditions are codified similarly amidst a vexed desire for hip-hop universalism.
Foot Voting and Federalism
Authors: Somin Ilya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter explains how foot voting in a federal system enhances political freedom. Foot voting between various regional and local governments provides extensive opportunities for political choice, particularly for the poor and disadvantaged. Opportunities for foot voting can be augmented by decentralizing functions of government, and breaking down obstacles to mobility. The chapter also responds to claims that foot voting under federalism is likely to be ineffective because of moving costs, “races to the bottom,” discrimination against minority groups, and inequality. These problems are overstated, amenable to a variety of fixes, or some combination of both. Some issues are so large-scale that they can only be addressed by national governments, thereby making it difficult to effectively decentralize power over them. But such cases are unusual.
Introduction to the Principles of Virology
Authors: Oldstone Michael B. A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter defines what a virus is, how it replicates, and how it causes diseases. Peter Medawar, a biologist awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology in 1960, defined viruses as a piece of nucleic acid surrounded by bad news. Viruses cannot multiply until they invade a living cell. However, viruses can enter all cellular forms of life from plants and animals to bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. As opposed to plants and animals, which are made up of cells, viruses lack cell walls and are therefore obligatory parasites that depend for replication on the cells they infect. The attachment or binding of a viral protein to a cell receptor is the first step that initiates infection of a cell. The type of cells with such receptors and/or with the ability to replicate a given virus often determines the severity of illness that a virus can cause, the distribution of areas in the body that can be affected, and the host’s potential for recovery.
Hepatitis Viruses: Oysters, Blood Transfusions, and Cancer
Authors: Oldstone Michael B. A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter studies the history of hepatitis virus infection. Hepatitis and/or jaundice were recorded in the fourth century BC by Hippocrates and over 1,000 years ago in the ancient Chinese literature. By the end of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, the association of a virus infection with jaundice and liver disease was made. The major hepatitis viruses are hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), and non-A, non-B or hepatitis C (HCV). HAV is transmitted almost always by fecal–oral routes but occasionally by transfusion or inoculation of blood obtained during the transient stage of viremia that occurs during the HAV incubation period. While there is currently no effective vaccine for HCV, an effective vaccine exists for HBV. A problem with the HBV vaccine is individuals refusing to be vaccinated. Nevertheless, recent progress made on the understanding and treatment of these viruses has led to the World Health Organization planning that by 2030 hepatitis infections will be reduced by 90% and deaths by 65%.
Hantavirus
Authors: Oldstone Michael B. A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter looks at hantavirus in detail. Hantaviruses are among the infectious agents currently found in the United States with the potential of causing plagues. Generally, symptoms are fever, muscle pain, cough, nausea, vomiting, and headache lasting about 4 but up to 15 days and eventually requiring hospitalization of the patient. To this day, no one knows exactly how the hantavirus causes disease, although recent evidence suggests that the release of certain proteins, possibly the cytokines and chemokines that are such prominent moderators of the immune response, are responsible. During the inflammation that results from this infection, a so-called cytokine storm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. No treatment other than supportive therapy and prevention is available to alleviate the symptoms of hantavirus infection.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus: AIDS, the Current Plague
Authors: Oldstone Michael B. A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a lethal disease cause by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Of the more than 75 million people HIV has infected in the 36 years (1983–2019) since the initial case report, nearly one-half of them have died. Not only the victims of this infection but also their families, communities, countries, and even continents endured years of suffering as AIDS proceeded on its long course of physical destruction. Today, however, the enormous advance in antivirus drug therapy has dramatically reduced the death rate and altered the portrait of this disease from an acute lethal disease to a chronic persistent infection. In 2019, the combination antiretroviral therapy has enabled those infected to survive at roughly the same rate as the general non-infected population. However, this increased longevity includes an upsurge in the former group’s medical problems caused by the side effects of antiretroviral therapy. Despite an outlay of $1 billion per year for AIDS research, no vaccine is on the horizon for preventing this medical catastrophe.
Cognitions
Authors: Tannenbaum Scott , Salas Eduardo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Teams perform better when its members possess a shared, accurate, and complimentary understanding about key elements such as the team’s purpose, priorities, roles, and tasks—“shared cognitions.” This chapter describes eight types of shared cognitions, including an understanding of who on the team has specific expertise (sometimes called transactive memory) and if–then contingencies (what to do when certain situations arise). Shared cognitions improve routine coordination and enable faster, smarter adjustments. This chapter also reveals that team member familiarity can help up to a point, but too much familiarity may create a risk of complacency. Research shows that professional familiarity, such as knowing team members’ work-related strengths and weaknesses is more valuable than personal familiarity, such as knowing their hobbies. Methods for building shared cognitions are described related to direction setting (e.g., visioning, chartering), preparing (e.g., role clarification exercises, scenario-based training), updating (e.g., debriefs, huddles), and assimilating (e.g., onboarding).
Coaching
Authors: Tannenbaum Scott , Salas Eduardo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter is about coaching or, more specifically, team leadership. We specify seven essential team leadership functions: (a) ensuring clarity and alignment; (b) holding teammates accountable; (c) removing obstacles and garnering support; (d) managing team emotions and attitudes; (e) fostering psychological safety; (f) encouraging participation and empowerment; and (g) promoting learning and adaptation. Each function has a key set of behaviors associated with it. Team members other than the leader can at times demonstrate some of those leadership behaviors. The functions and behaviors specify the “what” of effective team leadership. The authors also consider the “how” of leadership by highlighting the practical implications of four leadership theories: transformational leadership, shared leadership, servant leadership, and civil leadership.
Consultants
Authors: Tannenbaum Scott , Salas Eduardo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Consultants are often asked to help boost teamwork and collaboration. This chapter is written for internal consultants, for example, people in a human resource business partner, organization development, learning and development, or quality role, as well as external consultants who supports teams across different organizations. Consultants can be called upon to help a struggling team, to coach a team leader, or to advise a senior leader on how to promote greater collaboration throughout a unit or organization. To address any of these needs, it helps to understand what really drives teamwork. This chapter offers 10 tips for applying the science of teamwork as a consultant.
Introduction
Authors: Marine Susan B , Lewis Ruth 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores how rape culture, as a concept, is used to mobilize efforts to reduce campus sexual violence and how people’s understanding of rape culture has limited their ability to change it. Although rape culture is not simple, individuals’ responses assume it is. This insight is informed by complexity theory. Rape culture is a complex context that does not respond well to solutions that assume static, cause-effect relationships. The chapter describes a Canadian project that used narrative methods to solicit stories about rape culture from students and invited them to code their own stories and share how they would characterize aspects of their experiences. The chapter explores how students make meaning of and understand rape culture in contrast to dominant narratives in research and advocacy. Additionally, it explores the students’ stories’ themes to illustrate limitations inherent in current efforts to transform campus rape culture.
Teaching “Love and War”
Authors: Floyd Dawn Barker , Deckard Michael Funk 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Colleges and universities in the United States have been challenged to implement sometimes vague and constantly evolving federal laws and departmental guidance regarding how to respond to and prevent gender-based violence (GBV). State legislatures are also creating laws that may not be consistent with federal law and guidance. This chapter challenges the current model for addressing GBV by suggesting that, to be truly transformational, universities must give pedagogical time and space to the root causes and cultural underpinnings of GBV. The chapter describes a year-long interdisciplinary course offered to freshmen, co-taught by a philosophy professor and the Title IX coordinator, which, to transform students’ understanding, uses philosophers such as Plato to examine sexual violence and how it is structured in Western culture. The authors advocate for universities to incorporate classroom and organizational responses and collaborations to mitigate a culture of violence to eradicate GBV from higher education.
Building Authentic Partnerships for Responding to Gender-Based Violence in Universities
Authors: Burman Michele , Dawson Kathryn , McDougall Lauren , Morton Karen , Nokhbatolfoghahai Fatemeh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter critically discusses the importance of coalition-building in challenging gender-based violence (GBV) in universities and for laying the groundwork to facilitate and support cultural transformation in the complex and risk-averse environment of higher education. Drawing on the example of a cross-institutional, multipartner coalition initiated by student organizations in collaboration with security, service, and academic staff in two Scottish universities, local service providers, and police, this chapter critically discusses the tensions encountered and challenges posed in creating a “whole-university” approach to preventing and responding to GBV. In so doing, it highlights the centrality of student leadership for developing an informed response and driving forward meaningful change and the importance of internal/external partnerships for prevention work, root and branch reform of university policies and practices, the provision of training and awareness-raising, and the delivery of a thorough institutionalized response to tackling GBV.