bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction to CO with One‐Pot Synthesized Co‐Pyridine‐Derived Catalyst Incorporated in a Nafion‐Based Membrane Electrode Assembly
Authors: Fujinuma Naohiro , Ikoma Atsushi , Lofland Samuel E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is great need for the development of an electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) process with high Faraday efficiency (FE), energy efficiency (EE), and current density for practical utilization of CO2. Here, a facile one‐pot synthesis of a catalyst is reported that is based on cobalt and poly‐4‐vinylpyridine that can perform CO2RR to CO predominantly with respect to the hydrogen evolution reaction in a nafion‐based membrane electrode assembly and can work in pH ranging from 2 to 7. Cell optimization results in CO2RR to CO with 92% FE and 58% EE at 85 mA cm−2, while showing no noticeable degradation in FE at 20 h. These characteristics are attributed to synthesis and processing conditions which promote nearly uniform coordination of pyridine moieties with Co at the nanoscale in order to produce the appropriate complex necessary for catalysis. Outstanding performance combined with the ease of production, scalability of the method, and accessibility of components pave the way toward the commercialization of an electrochemical CO2RR.
Energy Harvesting from Breeze Wind (0.7–6 m s−1) Using Ultra‐Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Ren Zewei , Wang Ziming , Liu Zhirong , Wang Longfei , Guo Hengyu , Li Linlin , Li Site , Chen Xiangyu , Tang Wei , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWind is one of the most important sources of green energy, but the current technology for harvesting wind energy is only effective when the wind speed is beyond 3.5–4.0 m s−1. This is mainly due to the limitation that the electromagnetic generator works best at high frequency. This means that light breezes cannot reach the wind velocity threshold of current wind turbines. Here, a high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for efficiently harvesting energy from an ambient gentle wind, especially for speeds below 3 m s−1 is reported, by taking advantage of the relative high efficiency of TENGs at low‐frequency. Attributed to the multiplied‐frequency vibration of ultra‐stretchable and perforated electrodes, an average output of 20 mW m−3 can be achieved with inlet wind speed of 0.7 m s−1, while an average energy conversion efficiency of 7.8% at wind speed of 2.5 m s−1 is reached. A self‐charging power package is developed and the applicability of the TENG in various light breezes is demonstrated. This work demonstrates the advantages of TENG technology for breeze energy exploitation and proposes an effective supplementary approach for current employed wind turbines and micro energy structure.
Behavior and cognitive functioning in Witteveen–Kolk syndrome
Authors: van Dongen Linde C. M. , Wingbermühle Ellen , Dingemans Alexander J. M. , Bos‐Roubos Anja G. , Vermeulen Karlijn , Pop‐Purceleanu Monica , Kleefstra Tjitske , Egger Jos I. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWitteveen–Kolk syndrome (WITKOS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay/intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms, and short stature. The syndrome is caused by loss of function of switch‐insensitive 3 transcription regulator family member A (SIN3A). Regarding behavioral functioning, Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), obsessive–compulsive behaviors, as well as Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms (ADHD) have been suggested. The present study explores various aspects of neurocognitive functioning in five individuals (age range 10–23) with WITKOS. Medical records and results of extensive neuropsychological assessment are used to describe developmental trajectories and neurocognitive profiles. Systematic analysis of medical records displays developmental difficulties described as ASD or ADHD in childhood, sleep problems and internalizing problems during adolescence. Results of cognitive assessments indicate profoundly disabled (n = 1), mildly disabled (n = 2), borderline (n = 1), and average (n = 1) levels of intelligence. Furthermore, results indicate weaknesses in speed of information processing/sustained attention in all participants, and difficulties in planning and maintaining overview in three participants. Furthermore, parent reports of behavioral functioning primarily suggest problems in social functioning. Implications of both cognitive problems and social–emotional vulnerabilities for counseling are discussed and supplemented with suggestions for interventions.
A guide for an anatomically sensitive dentine microsampling and age‐alignment approach for human teeth isotopic sequences
Authors: Czermak Andrea , Fernández‐Crespo Teresa , Ditchfield Peter W. , Lee‐Thorp Julia A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesStable isotope analysis of sequential dentine samples is a potentially powerful method to reveal insights into early life‐histories of individuals in the past. Dentine incremental growth structures are complex, however, and current approaches that apply horizontal sectioning of demineralized tooth halves or quarters risk combining multiple growth layers and may include unwanted cementum or secondary dentine. They also require destruction of large parts of a tooth. Here, we present a less destructive and relatively straightforward protocol that reduces damage, increases temporal resolution, and improves the accuracy of age‐alignment between individuals.Material and methodsWe outline a protocol that includes the sampling of small (1 mm diameter) cylindrical plug transects from a thin section, along with an age‐alignment scheme predicated on average growth rates for dentine areas.Results and discussionThe proposed protocol is readily applicable and more anatomically sensitive than horizontal slicing. Micro‐samples are smaller (in both length and depth), hence minimizing temporal overlap and avoid directions that may contravene growth pattern. They completely avoid areas where secondary and tertiary dentine or cementum can be deposited. Age‐alignment is improved by using growth ratios of anatomical tooth zones.ConclusionThis method minimizes destruction, enables finer temporal resolution and facilitates data comparison. It can be readily combined with fluorescence imaging‐based or other pre‐screening methods of dentine collagen preservation.
Patient‐reported sleep outcomes lack association with mucosal eosinophilia or neutrophilia in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Farrell Nyssa Fox , Mace Jess C. , Sauer David A. , Thomas Andrew J. , Geltzeiler Mathew , Detwiller Kara Y. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is associated with sleep dysfunction, but the underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if mucosal eosinophilia or neutrophilia were associated with sleep dysfunction severity or altered the improvement in sleep dysfunction following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).MethodsA total of 104 patients with medically refractory CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP), completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and after FESS. Anterior ethmoid mucosa was collected during FESS and densest infiltrates of eosinophilia and neutrophilia per high‐power field (HPF) were determined by microscopy. Eosinophilic (>10 eosinophils/HPF) and neutrophilic (>4 neutrophils/HPF) CRS were then compared to preoperative and postoperative PSQI measures.ResultsOf 104 study participants, 88 (85%) reported preoperative PSQI scores consistent with “poor sleep,” (PSQI total > 5). The cohort overall demonstrated significant improvement in poor sleep (65%; χ2 = 12.03; p < 0.001) 16.8 ± 5.0 months after FESS. Regardless of nasal polyposis, neither eosinophilic nor neutrophilic CRS was associated with differences in mean postoperative PSQI improvement. However, in patients with neutrophilic CRSsNP, there was a significant relationship between severity of neutrophilia and improvement in sleep latency (R = –0.798, p = 0.003) and sleep efficacy (R = –0.777, p = 0.005).ConclusionChronic inflammation has been hypothesized to play a pathophysiologic role in sleep dysfunction associated with CRS. This study suggests that in patients with medically refractory CRS, evidence of mucosal eosinophilia and neutrophilia lack strong associations with patient‐reported sleep dysfunction or improvements in sleep quality after FESS, overall. However, neutrophilia may impact sleep latency and efficacy in patients with CRSsNP.
Bispectral Circular Dichroic Coding Metasurfaces
Authors: Li Yongfeng , Pang Yongqiang , Wang Jiafu , Zheng Qiqi , Zheng Lin , Feng Maochang , Jing Yao , Zhang Jieqiu , Cui Tiejun , Qu Shaobo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe frequency‐dependent circular dichroism is proposed to extend the wave manipulating capability of coding metasurfaces. As a proof of concept, the bispectral circular dichroic coding metasurfaces (CDCMs) are realized using circular dichroism resonators (CDRs) implemented via introducing loss resistors into the circular polarization conversion resonators. The CDRs are distinguished into left‐handed CDRs and right‐handed CDRs. Left‐handed CDRs absorb left‐handed circularly polarized (LCP) wave and convert right‐handed circularly polarized (RCP) wave into LCP wave. Conversely, they are defined as right‐handed CDRs. Two bispectral CDRs are designed with the left‐handed (right‐handed) and right‐handed (left‐handed) working bands in 7–8.5 and 22.2–22.5 GHz, respectively. And then, 1 bit bispectral CDCM with 0101…/1010… coding sequence is designed. Simulated results indicate that the designed CDCM strongly absorb the incident LCP (RCP) waves in the frequency region 7–8.5 GHz (22.2–22.5 GHz), but the incident RCP (LCP) waves are anomalously reflected into four beams of the LCP (RCP) waves with high efficiency. The measured results agree well with the simulations. The results in this work may provide an effective solution for the inverse and helicity‐dependent manipulation of the electromagnetic waves in two distinct frequency regions.
Breakage of carbon nanotube agglomerates within polypropylene matrix by solid phase die drawing
Authors: Lin Xiang , Gong Min , Innes James , Spencer Paul , Coates Phil , Korde Sachin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMelt blending of polyolefin/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites always leads to serious agglomeration of CNTs and hence inferior properties. Thus, well‐dispersed CNTs within matrix are urgently required during processing. In this work, effective breakage of CNT agglomerates was achieved by solid‐phase die drawing at a temperature below but near to the melting temperature of the matrix. Experimental results indicate that the incurred extensional stress provides a high orientation degree on the polypropylene (PP) matrix and consequently helps rupture CNT agglomerates, leading to improved alternating current（AC） conductivity by ~5–6 orders in magnitude. The reduced agglomerate ratio, the altered CNT networks (3D→2D), and the improved interfacial morphology between CNT and matrix are suggested to be responsible for the viscoelasticity variation of the composite melt and the improved property of PP/multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) composite. The initial loss of tensile ductility by the incorporation of MWCNTs is recovered by nearly 100%, which was attributed to the low agglomeration rate and improved interfacial morphology. This article provided the potential inspiration for the melt blending of polymer melt and CNTs.
Kinetics of the glass transition of styrene‐butadiene‐rubber: Dielectric spectroscopy and fast differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Lindemann Niclas , Schawe Jürgen. E. K. , Lacayo‐Pineda Jorge 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe glass transition is relevant for performance definition in rubber products. For extrapolation to high‐frequency behavior, time–temperature superposition is usually assumed, although most complex rubber compounds might be outside of its area of validity. Fast differential scanning calorimetry (FDSC) with cooling rates up to 1500 K/s and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) with frequencies up to 20 MHz are applied here to directly access both kinetics and dynamics of glass formation in a wide frequency range. For the first‐time, the relation between the thermal vitrification and the dielectric relaxation is studied on vulcanized styrene‐butadiene rubber, showing that both cooling rate and frequency dependence of its glass transition can be described by one single Vogel‐Fulcher‐Tammann‐Hesse equation. The results indicate the validity of the Frenkel‐Kobeko‐Reiner equation. Another focus is the sample preparation of vulcanized elastomers for FDSC and BDS as well as the temperature calibration below 0°C.
Preparation of phenylboronic acid‐based hydrogel microneedle patches for glucose‐dependent insulin delivery
Authors: Chen Xiang , Yu Haojie , Wang Li , Wang Nan , Zhang Qian , Zhou Weibin , Uddin Md Alim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is a problem with directly loading insulin into the polymerized glucose‐responsive microneedle (MN) patch due to that polymerization conditions and solvents may damage the activity of insulin. In this study, we report a totally polymerized phenylboronic acid‐based MN patch, and insulin was directly loaded in MNs by a mild drop/dry procedure. MN patch was prepared by copolymerization of N‐isopropyl acrylamide, N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, and 3‐acrylamidoephenylboronic acid in MN mold. The MN patch showed good glucose‐dependent swelling behavior in pH 9.0 at 27°C. After insulin loading procedure, insulin was distributed on and within the MNs. About 43.2% of total insulin was diffused into MNs' interior. As a result, the release of insulin on MNs' surface was uncontrolled by MNs and rapidly finished after ~10 min. However, the release of insulin within MNs was depended on glucose concentration, and insulin was released 1.6 times more at 4 g/L than at 1 g/L glucose concentration after 12 h. Although further improvements are needed to make MN patch responding in physiological environment, this work suggests a solution for directly loading insulin in polymerized glucose‐responsive MNs.
Range‐wide population genetics study informs on conservation translocations and reintroductions for the endangered Murray hardyhead (Craterocephalus fluviatilis)
Authors: Thiele Samantha , Adams Mark , Hammer Michael , Wedderburn Scotte , Whiterod Nick S. , Unmack Peter J. , Sasaki Minami , Beheregaray Luciano B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Freshwater ecosystems worldwide harbour disproportionately high numbers of endemic species under threat from human activity, particularly accelerated habitat fragmentation. The Murray–Darling Basin in south‐eastern Australia, one of the country's largest and arguably its most vulnerable freshwater ecosystem, is inhabited by a number of small‐bodied fishes that are threatened with imminent extinction.

Here an extensive microsatellite dataset was used, supplemented by additional allozyme and mitochondrial DNA analyses, to assess the genetic diversity, population structure and contemporary migration patterns in the Murray hardyhead Craterocephalus fluviatilis, one of Australia's most threatened fishes.

Genetic diversity estimates, primarily based on 413 fish collected during the latter period of intense drought (1997–2010) from 23 sites and genotyped at 14 microsatellite loci, were higher than those previously detected for other regionally co‐occurring small‐bodied freshwater fishes.

Population structure analyses identified a subtle primary split between ‘lower Murray’ (lower river reaches) versus ‘upstream Murray’ (upper river reaches) and a total of nine genetically similar sub‐populations. This includes unexpected sub‐population differentiation in the Lower Lakes, a region at the terminus of the Murray–Darling Basin that most often has inter‐connected habitat.

Very low levels of contemporary migration were detected between most inferred populations (<2%) during the drought, with all exceptions involving moderate levels of migration from an upstream sub‐population into an adjacent downstream sub‐population.

This article describes how these genetic data have guided translocation and reintroduction efforts in recent years. We advocate the use of assisted gene flow as a central component of continuing efforts to rescue this species from imminent extinction.
Utilization of a Crown Ether/Amine‐Type Rotaxane as a Probe for the Versatile Detection of Anions and Acids by Thin‐Layer Chromatography
Authors: Miyagawa Shinobu , Kimura Masaki , Kagami Shin , Kawasaki Tsuneomi , Tokunaga Yuji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA crown ether/amine‐type [2]rotaxane was synthesized and utilized as a probe for the detection of acids and anions. The addition of acids to the amine‐type [2]rotaxane solution generated corresponding crown ether/ammonium‐type [2]rotaxanes, which were purified by silica gel column chromatography as ammonium salts. The isolated yields of the [2]rotaxanes, possessing a variety of anions, depended on the acidity and polarity of the counter anions. The behaviours of the ammonium‐type [2]rotaxanes on thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) silica gel reflected the properties of the counter anions. The treatment of the amine‐type [2]rotaxane with acids afforded the corresponding ammonium‐type [2]rotaxanes bearing several different anions. The ammonium‐type [2]rotaxanes behaved similarly to the purified [2]rotaxanes on the TLC silica gel. Furthermore, we succeeded in the analysis of anions using mixtures of the amine‐type [2]rotaxane and salts in an appropriate solvent. We demonstrated the detection of anions by the combination of TLC and the utilization of the [2]rotaxane probe.
Overview of the Synthesis and Structure of Calix[n]quinones (n=4, 6, 8)
Authors: Hu Pandeng , Cui Huamin , Huang Weiwei , Guo Wenfeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCalix[n]quinones, a class of cyclic oligomers composed of p‐benzoquinone structures connected by methylene, have multi‐conjugated carbonyl structures and adjustable cavities, which make their synthesis extremely attractive. In this minireview, synthetic methods of calix[n]quinones and recent synthetic experience of our group are summarized. The merits and demerits of various synthetic methods are briefly reviewed as well. When synthesizing calix[n]quinone (n≥6) with a larger ring, the reduction‐oxidation method is considered to be the most recommended.
Amidinato Germylene‐Zinc Complexes: Synthesis, Bonding, and Reactivity
Authors: Yadav Sandeep , Kumar Rohit , Vipin Raj K. , Yadav Prashant , Vanka Kumar , Sen Sakya S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite the explosive growth of germylene compounds as ligands in transition metal complexes, there is a modicum of precedence for the germylene zinc complexes. In this work, the synthesis and characterization of new germylene zinc complexes [PhC(NtBu)2Ge{N(SiMe3)2}→ZnX2]2 (X= Br (2) and I (3)) supported by (benz)‐amidinato germylene ligands are reported. The solid‐state structures of 2 and 3 have been validated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies, which revealed the dimeric nature of the complexes, with distorted tetrahedral geometries around the Ge and Zn center. DFT calculations reveal that the Ge–Zn bonds in 2 and 3 are dative in nature. The reaction of 2 with elemental sulfur resulted in the first structurally characterized germathione stabilized ZnBr2 complexes PhC(NtBu)2Ge(=S){N(SiMe3)2}→ZnBr2 (5). Therefore, the Ge=S in 5 is in‐between Ge–S single and Ge=S double bond length, owing to the coordination of a sulfur lone pair of electrons to ZnBr2.
Model predictive zone control with soft constrained appending margin
Authors: Guan Shouping , Wu Xiangchen , Wu Zhicheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn industrial processes, zone control is often applied to some control systems that do not have set‐point control requirements. Zone control involves constraining controlled variables within a range of feasible solutions, so there is a tension between interval constraint intensity and interval feasibility. To meet the requirements of interval feasibility, general control schemes often soften constraint intensity, resulting in frequent constraint violations. However, for some irreversible processes such as chemical and biochemical processes, violating constraint can lead to unpredictable results. This study attempts to solve this problem through improving the performance index of general model predictive controls with soft constraints. This goal is achieved through introducing additional margin to controlled variables in order to strengthen control intensity without increasing computational complexity. This approach effectively reduced the frequency of zone violations and the size of output errors, and guaranteed zone feasibility. Furthermore, this approach was implemented without significant increase in energy consumption and actuator operation. The stability of the algorithm was proven using Lyapunov theorem. Comparative simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with conventional methods.
Reibungswinkel und Kohäsion von RSS‐Flüssigboden nach dynamischer Belastung
Authors: Mähner Dietmar , Dorgeloh Marius , Lengers Jacob 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDer folgende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Einfluss von dynamischen Lasten auf den Reibungswinkel und die Kohäsion von Flüssigboden. Im Fokus der vorgestellten Untersuchungen lag die Beständigkeit der genannten bodenmechanischen Parameter gegenüber simulierten Schienenverkehrslasten, wie sie bspw. für Sohlauffüllungen unter Schienenverkehrswegen in Tunneln anzunehmen sind. Auf diese Zielstellung und auf die beim Tunnelbau überwiegend vorkommenden Bodenarten wurden angepasste Flüssigbodenrezepturen entwickelt. Dynamisch belastete und nicht belastete Probekörper wurden hergestellt und nach einer 28‐tägigen Lagerung hinsichtlich ihrer Kohäsion und ihres Reibungswinkels miteinander verglichen. Für die gewählten Randbedingungen konnte dabei kein nachteiliger Einfluss der dynamischen Belastung auf die untersuchten Rezepturen festgestellt werden.
Baugrundverbesserung mit Sandsäulen in weichen organischen Böden
Authors: Ney Marcel , Rackwitz Frank 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIm Beitrag wird ein Bemessungsansatz für die Verbesserungswirkung organischer Böden durch Sandsäulen basierend auf den Ergebnissen einer Reihe von klein‐ und mittelmaßstäblichen Modellversuchen vorgestellt. Wesentliches Ziel der Modellversuche war die Antwort auf die Fragestellung nach der formstabilen Herstellbarkeit von nicht ummantelten Sandsäulen in weichen organischen Böden sowie deren resultierendes Last‐Verformungsverhalten. Gegenstand der Untersuchungen war, neben dem Einfluss des gewählten Säulenherstellungsverfahrens, der Einfluss des organischen Anteils des Bodens als auch des gewählten Flächenverhältnisses. Die Ergebnisse der Modellversuche wurden in einer Modellfamilie zusammengefasst und auf In‐situ‐Verhältnisse extrapoliert. Als Grundlage eines Bemessungskonzepts wurde das in der Praxis für Baugrundverbesserungen etablierte Verfahren nach Priebe gewählt, dessen Erweiterung auf der Grundlage der eigenen Untersuchungsergebnisse erfolgte. Die Plausibilität und Validität der vorgeschlagenen Erweiterung konnte mit den Setzungsmessungen eines großmaßstäblichen Modellversuchs als auch anhand eines Bauvorhabens aus dem Straßenbau nachgewiesen werden. Abschließend wird auf die noch offengebliebenen Fragen zu dieser Baugrundverbesserungsmethode eingegangen.