bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of MRI‐guided radiotherapy treatment process time for tumor real‐time gating efficiency
Authors: Placidi Lorenzo , Cusumano Davide , Boldrini Luca , Votta Claudio , Pollutri Veronica , Antonelli Marco Valerio , Chiloiro Giuditta , Romano Angela , De Luca Viola , Catucci Francesco , Indovina Luca , Valentini Vincenzo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeMagnetic Resonance‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) systems allow continuous monitoring of therapy volumes during treatment delivery and personalized respiratory gating approaches. Treatment length may therefore be significantly affected by patient’s compliance and breathing control. We quantitatively analyzed treatment process time efficiency (TE) using data obtained from real‐world patient treatment logs to optimize MRgRT delivery settings.MethodsData corresponding to the first 100 patients treated with a low T hybrid MRI‐Linac system, both in free breathing (FB) and in breath hold inspiration (BHI) were collected. TE has been computed as the percentage difference of the actual single fraction’s total treatment time and the predicted treatment process time, as computed by the TPS during plan optimization.Differences between the scheduled and actual treatment room occupancy time were also evaluated. Finally, possible correlations with planning, delivery and clinical parameters with TE were also investigated.ResultsNine hundred and nineteen treatment fractions were evaluated. TE difference between BHI and FB patients’ groups was statistically significant and the mean TE were 42.4%, and −0.5% respectively.No correlation was found with TE for BHI and FB groups. Planning, delivering and clinical parameters classified BHI and FB groups, but no correlation with TE was found.ConclusionThe use of BHI gating technique can increase the treatment process time significantly. BHI technique could be not always an adequate delivery technique to optimize the treatment process time. Further gating techniques should be considered to improve the use of MRgRT.
Co‐Construction of Sulfur Vacancies and Heterojunctions in Tungsten Disulfide to Induce Fast Electronic/Ionic Diffusion Kinetics for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yu , Qian Ji , Zhang Minghao , Wang Shuo , Wang Zhaohua , Li Maosheng , Bai Ying , An Qinyou , Xu Huajie , Wu Feng , Mai Liqiang , Wu Chuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEngineering novel electrode materials with unique architectures has a significant impact on tuning the structural/electrochemical properties for boosting the performance of secondary battery systems. Herein, starting from well‐organized WS2 nanorods, an ingenious design of a one‐step method is proposed to prepare a bimetallic sulfide composite with a coaxial carbon coating layer, simply enabled by ZIF‐8 introduction. Rich sulfur vacancies and WS2/ZnS heterojunctions can be simultaneously developed, that significantly improve ionic and electronic diffusion kinetics. In addition, a homogeneous carbon protective layer around the surface of the composite guarantees an outstanding structural stability, a reversible capacity of 170.8 mAh g−1 after 5000 cycles at a high rate of 5 A g−1. A great potential in practical application is also exhibited, where a full cell based on the WS2−x/ZnS@C anode and the P2‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode can maintain a reversible capacity of 89.4 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1. Moreover, the underlying electrochemical Na storage mechanisms are illustrated in detail by theoretical calculations, electrochemical kinetic analysis, and operando X‐ray diffraction characterization.
Thermochromic and/or photochromic properties of electrospun cellulose acetate microfibers for application as sensors in smart packing
Authors: Mancipe Javier Mauricio Anaya , Nista Silvia Vaz Guerra , Caballero Gustavo Emilio Ramirez , Mei Lucia Helena Inocentinni 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is growing demand for smart materials whose chemical structure, shape, and/or color, among other properties could be modified for use in applied packaging in the food industry, pharmacy, textiles, and so forth. These variations results from external stimuli, whether chemical, physical, and/or environmental (humidity, heat, light, and so forth), which has created promising materials for use in various areas of engineering, such as the production of ultrasensitive sensors with the capacity that the said variations are perceptible to the naked eye. The production of nanostructured sensor membranes obtained by electrospinning is one interesting alternative that has been attracting the attention of researchers in recent years. However, many studies related to the application of photosensors supported in electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) have not been found in the literature. Among the most used materials in electrospinning, CA stands out due to its wide availability and low cost that reflects in several applications. Two commercial sensitive pigments were used, a thermosensitive and a photosensitive one, in concentrations between 0 and 10% (m/v), to evaluate the best amount in the nanosensors they could be seen through naked eye. Variation on the fibers morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The stability and thermal transitions were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The composition of chemical fibers was studied using FTIR‐ATR. Finally, the thermal and/or UV light response was performed by qualitative test.
The nonlinear stress relaxation behavior after a step shear of star‐shaped styrene‐butadiene rubber filled with precipitated silica: Experiment and simulation
Authors: Pole Sandeep S. , Isayev Avraam I. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe nonlinear stress relaxation behavior after a step shear strain of star‐shaped SSBR/silica compounds containing 21 vol% filler of various surface areas was measured and simulated using constitutive equations. A styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) gum and SBR filled with silica having BET surface areas of 55, 135, 160, and 195 m2/g were used. Relaxation modulus behavior of the filled compounds was found to be dependent on surface area. Specifically, stress relaxation tests indicated that an increase in surface area led to increase in values of relaxation moduli in both the linear and nonlinear regimes. The time‐dependent relaxation modulus exhibited a plateau at long times of relaxation in compounds containing silica of high surface area. Additionally, good time‐strain superpositions were achieved for all samples at intermediate times of relaxation, and the strain‐dependent damping function decreased with filler surface area. The constitutive equations proposed by Leonov and Simhambhatla and Leonov, modified to include multimodal relaxation of the particle network, were used to predict the time evolution of the relaxation modulus in the nonlinear regime for all samples. The simulations provided good results for the SBR gum for all tested strain levels. Also, in the compounds filled with silica, both models satisfactorily described the experimental observation in the nonlinear regime at low strain levels. However, at higher strain levels, due to a possible slip effect, the simulations overpredicted measured values of the relaxation moduli, thus leading to only qualitative predictions of the observed behavior. It is also possible that neither model accurately captured the floc rupture kinetics of these complex rubber compounds.
Wettability alteration of oil‐wet carbonate rocks by chitosan derivatives for application in enhanced oil recovery
Authors: dos Santos Francisco Agatha Densy , Grasseschi Daniel , Nascimento Regina Sandra Veiga 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe increasing demand for oil and the fast decline of crude oil production from mature fields encourages the development of new enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies. In this work, trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and trimethyl chitosan hydrophobized with myristoyl chloride (TMC‐C14) are synthesized, and their wettability modification capacity of oil‐wet carbonate rocks is evaluated through contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Their interaction with asphaltene molecules was evaluated through UV–Vis spectroscopy. Transport behavior and oil displacement capacity were investigated in an unconsolidated porous medium. Results show that they can modify the wettability of oil‐wet carbonate rocks, turning them water‐wet, promoting oil displacement increases by 25% for TMC, and 16% for TMC‐C14.TMC shows a better performance for wettability alteration than TMC‐C14, confirming the hypothesis that the higher the positive charge density on the polymeric surfactant structure, the more efficient will be the system as a wettability modifier and as an EOR agent.
Payne cell gravimetric measurements in polymer‐solvent systems for diffusion coefficients and isotherm data
Authors: Zielinski John M. , Altinkaya Sacide Alsoy , Garcia Armando R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe discussion focuses on the application of a Payne cell to the measurement of diffusion and solubility coefficients in polymer/solvent systems. Payne cells have, thus far, been used exclusively to measure steady‐state permeation rates of solvents. An analytical model has been developed to describe transient gravimetric sorption and desorption measurements performed with a Payne cell. The model has been validated by a complementary numerical simulation and has been applied to evaluate diffusion and solubility coefficients in two different toluene‐silicone rubber systems. The data measured using the Payne cell are found to compare very well with diffusion coefficient and isotherm data measured by traditional gravimetric sorption experiments.
Influences of high‐impact polystyrene loading on the foaming behavior andflame‐retardantproperties of polyphenylene oxide composites blown withCO2
Authors: Zhai Wentao , Li Die , Huang Pengke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolymeric foam with high expansion ratio, well‐defined cell structure, and excellent flame retardant properties is essential for broadening its applications. Polyphenylene oxide (PPO) is a kind of cost‐effective engineering plastic with excellent flame retardancy, anti‐dripping behavior, and good mechanical strength, but suffers from its poor processability. In this study, microcellular PPO composite foams were fabricated by applying a solid‐state foaming technology using compressed CO2as the blowing agent. High‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) phase was introduced with the aim to improve the fluidity and foaming ability of PPO composites. It was interesting to find that the 18–48% HIPS loading significantly increased the expansion ratio, that is, 1.8–3.3 versus, 10.8–14.3, and broadened the optimum foaming temperature of PPO composite foams, attributing to the miscible character between PPO and HIPS and excellent foaming ability of HIPS. Furthermore, the as‐prepared PPO/HIPS composite foams exhibited high limited oxygen index (LOI) of 22.0–29.9%, low horizontal flammability rate (HFR) of 60.5–141.2 mm/min, and anti‐dripping behavior, and the void fraction was verified to be a critical parameter to determine the flame retardant performance of the composite foam. Besides its lightweight and excellent flame retardant properties, PPO composite foams also presented uncompromised tensile properties and well‐defined thermal insulation properties.
Formation of spiral structure from the violent relaxation of self‐gravitating disks
Authors: Worrakitpoonpon Tirawut 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present the numerical study of the formation of a spiral structure in the context of violent relaxation. Initial conditions are the out‐of‐equilibrium disks of self‐gravitating particles in rigid rotation. Using that mechanism, robust and nonstationary spiral arms can be formed within a few free‐fall times through the shearing of mass ejection following the collapse. With a closer look, we find different properties of the arms in connection with the initial configuration. The winding degree tends to increase with initial angular speed provided that a disk is thin. If the disk surface is circular, both the number and position of arms are governed by the Poissonian density fluctuations that produce more arms as more particles are introduced. On the contrary, if the surface ellipticity is imposed, the number of arms and their placement are effectively controlled. Otherwise, the increase in thickness leads to a complicated outcome as the number of arms and winding degree are less effectively controlled. We speculate that this complexity is caused by a strong nonaxisymmetric field during the violent relaxation that disorganizes the precollapse motion and the concentration of particles.
Risk factors and time trends for isolated craniosynostosis
Authors: Schraw Jeremy M , Woodhouse J.P. , Langlois Peter H , Canfield Mark A , Scheuerle Angela E , Agopian A.J. , Benjamin Renata H , Lupo Philip J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to investigate associations between maternal/infant characteristics and isolated craniosynostosis as well as its subtypes sagittal, metopic, and coronal synostosis, and assess trends in the prevalence of these conditions.MethodsWe identified cases in the Texas Birth Defects Registry from 1999 to 2014. We used Poisson regression to identify associations between maternal/infant characteristics and craniosynostosis. We used joinpoint regression and unadjusted Poisson regression to evaluate temporal trends. Finally, we computed adjusted Poisson models to evaluate whether temporal trends were evident after accounting for changes in the population distributions of maternal/infant characteristics over time.ResultsRelative to all live births in the general population, cases were more frequently male or preterm. Mothers of cases were more frequently non‐Hispanic white and more frequently obese. Non‐Hispanic black or Hispanic maternal race/ethnicity was associated with a lower prevalence of all craniosynostosis subtypes. Previous live births were associated with sagittal synostosis; residence on the U.S.‐Mexico border was associated with sagittal and coronal synostosis. The prevalence of any isolated craniosynostosis increased (average annual percent change estimated from joinpoint regression [AAPC]: 2.9%), as did the prevalences of sagittal (AAPC: 3.3%) and metopic synostosis (AAPC: 5.4%). In crude Poisson models, the same temporal trends were observed, however these were attenuated after adjusting for maternal/infant characteristics.ConclusionsPrevalence of isolated craniosynostosis increased from 1999 to 2014. The largest AAPC was observed for metopic synostosis. Changes in the population distribution of associated maternal/infant characteristics may explain these trends.
Impact of TV dramas on consumers' travel, shopping and purchase intentions
Authors: Ertz Myriam , Sarigöllü Emine , Karakas Fahri , Chehab Omar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCountries are increasingly competing with each other to attract tourists. However, little is known about how consumers' tourism‐related behaviors respond to country image endeavors, such as TV dramas. We propose that as an important image source TV dramas from a country contribute to crafting the country's brand image and thereby influence viewers' tourism related intentions. Considering the case of Turkish TV dramas and drawing on the Hierarchical Decision Model (HDM), a survey of 400 Arab viewers revealed that exposure to Turkish TV dramas results in increased intentions to visit and shop in Turkey as well as to purchase products made in Turkey. Furthermore, while increase in purchase intentions results primarily from enhanced experiential associations related to the country, increase in visit or shopping intentions results from improved status associations related to the country.
Flexibler Betrieb von Luftzerlegungsanlagen
Authors: Klein Harald , Fritsch Philipp , Haider Patrick , Kender Robert , Rößler Felix , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Freko Pascal , Hoffmann Rainer , Thomas Ingo , Wunderlich Bernd 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVor dem Hintergrund der Energiewende wird die aktuelle Forschung zum energieoptimalen, lastflexiblen Betrieb von Luftzerlegungsanlagen beschrieben. Zum einen wird ein realitätsgetreuer, druckgetriebener Ansatz zur dynamischen Simulation vorgestellt. Auf dessen Basis wird ein detailliertes, transientes Simulationsmodell einer realen Luftzerlegungsanlage, ein digitaler Zwilling, erstellt. Exemplarisch werden Simulationen extremer Betriebsszenarien, wie das Anfahren oder Abschalten des Hauptwärmeübertragers, der Trennkolonnen und der gesamten Luftzerlegungsanlage, beschrieben. Zum anderen wird die Lebensdauer des Hauptwärmeübertragers aufgrund der hohen thermischen Wechselbelastung mithilfe eines Prüfstands untersucht. Die aufgenommenen Daten dienen zur Ableitung und Validierung dreidimensionaler Simulationsmodelle.
Distribution of the cholinergic nuclei in the brain of the weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus: Implications for sensory processing
Authors: Toscano‐Márquez Brenda , Oboti Livio , Harvey‐Girard Erik , Maler Leonard , Krahe Rüdiger 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator of many central nervous system processes such as learning and memory, attention, motor control, and sensory processing. The present study describes the spatial distribution of cholinergic neurons throughout the brain of the weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus, using in situ hybridization of choline acetyltransferase mRNA. Distinct groups of cholinergic cells were observed in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, and hindbrain. These included cholinergic cell groups typically identified in other vertebrate brains, for example, motor neurons. Using both in vitro and ex vivo neuronal tracing methods, we identified two new cholinergic connections leading to novel hypotheses on their functional significance. Projections to the nucleus praeeminentialis (nP) arise from isthmic nuclei, possibly including the nucleus lateralis valvulae (nLV) and the isthmic nucleus (nI). The nP is a central component of all electrosensory feedback pathways to the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL). We have previously shown that some neurons in nP, TS, and tectum express muscarinic receptors. We hypothesize that, based on nLV/nI cell responses in other teleosts and isthmic connectivity in A. leptorhynchus, the isthmic connections to nP, TS, and tectum modulate responses to electrosensory and/or visual motion and, in particular, to looming/receding stimuli. In addition, we found that the octavolateral efferent (OE) nucleus is the likely source of cholinergic fibers innervating the ELL. In other teleosts, OE inhibits octavolateral hair cells during locomotion. In gymnotiform fish, OE may also act on the first central processing stage and, we hypothesize, implement corollary discharge modulation of electrosensory processing during locomotion.
Gating Harmonization Guidelines for Intracellular Cytokine Staining Validated in Second International Multiconsortia Proficiency Panel Conducted by Cancer Immunotherapy Consortium (CIC/CRI)
Authors: Price Leah S. , Adamow Matthew , Attig Sebastian , Fecci Peter , Norberg Pamela , Reap Elizabeth , Janetzki Sylvia , McNeil Lisa K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResults from the first gating proficiency panel of intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) highlighted the value of using a consensus gating approach to reduce the variability across laboratories in reported %CD8+ or %CD4+ cytokine‐positive cells. Based on the data analysis from the first proficiency panel, harmonization guidelines for a consensus gating protocol were proposed. To validate the recommendations from the first panel and to examine factors that were not included in the first panel, a second ICS gating proficiency panel was organized. All participants analyzed the same set of Flow Cytometry Standard (FCS) files using their own gating protocol. An optional learning module was provided to demonstrate how to apply the previously established gating recommendations and harmonization guidelines to actual ICS data files. Eighty‐three participants took part in this proficiency panel. The results from this proficiency panel confirmed the harmonization guidelines from the first panel. These recommendations addressed the (1) placement of the cytokine‐positive gate, (2) identification of CD4+ CD8+ double‐positive T cells, (3) placement of lymphocyte gate, (4) inclusion of dim cells, (5) gate uniformity, and (6) proper adjustment of the biexponential scaling. In addition, based on the results of this proficiency gating panel, two new recommendations were added to expand the harmonization guidelines: (1) inclusion of dump channel marker to gate all live and dump negative cells and (2) backgating to confirm the correct placement of gates across all populations. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Delay‐aware privacy‐preserving location‐based services under spatiotemporal constraints
Authors: Shahid Abdur R. , Pissinou Niki , Iyengar S.S. , Makki Kia 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe ubiquitous use of location‐based services (LBS) through smart devices produces massive amounts of location data. An attacker, with an access to such data, can reveal sensitive information about users. In this paper, we study location inference attacks based on the probability distribution of historical location data, travel time information between locations using knowledge of a map, and short and long‐term observation of privacy‐preserving queries. We show that existing privacy‐preserving approaches are vulnerable to such attacks. In this context, we propose a novel location privacy‐preserving approach, called KLAP, based on the three fundamental obfuscation requirements: minimum k‐locations, l‐diversity, and privacy area preservation. KLAP adopts a personalized privacy preference for sporadic, frequent, and continuous LBS use cases. Specifically, it generates a secure concealing region (CR) to obfuscate the user's location and directs that CR to the service provider. The main contribution of this work is twofold. First, a CR pruning technique is devised to establish a balance between privacy and delay in LBS usage. Second, a new attack model called a long‐term obfuscated location tracking attack, and its countermeasure is proposed and evaluated both theoretically and empirically. We assess KLAP with two real‐world datasets. Experimental results show that it can achieve better privacy, reduced delay, and lower communication costs than existing state‐of‐the‐art methods.