bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase II Single-Arm Study of Preoperative Letrozole for Estrogen Receptor–Positive Postmenopausal Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: CALGB 40903 (Alliance)
Authors: Hwang E. Shelley , Hyslop Terry , Hendrix Laura H. , Duong Stephanie , Bedrosian Isabelle , Price Elissa , Caudle Abigail , Hieken Tina , Guenther Joseph , Hudis Clifford A. , Winer Eric , Lyss Alan P. , Dickson-Witmer Diana , Hoefer Richard , Ollila David W. , Hardman Timothy , Marks Jeffrey , Chen Yunn-Yi , Krings Gregor , Esserman Laura , Hylton Nola 
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE Primary endocrine therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) as a potential alternative to surgery has been understudied. This trial explored the feasibility of a short-term course of letrozole and sought to determine whether treatment results in measurable radiographic and biologic changes in estrogen receptor (ER)–positive DCIS. PATIENTS AND METHODS A phase II single-arm multicenter cooperative-group trial was conducted in postmenopausal patients diagnosed with ER-positive DCIS without invasion. Patients were treated with letrozole 2.5 mg per day for 6 months before surgery. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The primary end point was change in 6-month MRI enhancement volume compared with baseline. RESULTS Overall, 79 patients were enrolled and 70 completed 6 months of letrozole. Of these, 67 patients had MRI data available for each timepoint. Baseline MRI volumes ranged from 0.004 to 26.3 cm3. Median reductions from baseline MRI volume (1.4 cm3) were 0.6 cm3 (61.0%) at 3 months ( P < .001) and 0.8 cm3 (71.7%) at 6 months ( P < .001). Consistent reductions were seen in median baseline ER H-score (228; median reduction, 15.0; P = .005), progesterone receptor H-score (15; median reduction, 85.0; P < .001), and Ki67 score (12%; median reduction, 6.3%; P = .007). Of the 59 patients who underwent surgery per study protocol, persistent DCIS remained in 50 patients (85%), invasive cancer was detected in six patients (10%), and no residual DCIS or invasive cancer was seen in nine patients (15%). CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of postmenopausal women with ER-positive DCIS, preoperative letrozole resulted in significant imaging and biomarker changes. These findings support future trials of extended endocrine therapy as primary nonoperative treatment of some DCIS.
Breast Cancer Knowledge Assessment of Health Workers in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Pruitt Liese C.C. , Odedina Stella , Anetor Imaria , Mumuni Tolulope , Oduntan Helen , Ademola Adeyinka , Morhason-Bello Imran O. , Ogundiran Temidayo O. , Obajimi Millicent , Ojengbede Oladosu A. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. 
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and in low- to middle-income countries late-stage diagnosis contributes to significant mortality. Previous research at the University College Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria, on social factors contributing to late diagnosis revealed that many patients received inappropriate initial treatment. METHODS The level of breast cancer knowledge among health practitioners at various levels of the health system was assessed. We developed a tool tailored to local needs to assess knowledge of symptoms, risk factors, treatments, and cultural beliefs. The recruitment included doctors, nurses, and pharmacists in public hospitals, physicians and pharmacists in private practice, nurses and health care workers from primary health care centers, community birth attendants, and students in a health care field from state schools. RESULTS A total of 1,061 questionnaires were distributed, and 725 providers responded (68%). Seventy-eight percent were female, and > 90% were Yoruba, the dominant local ethnic group. The majority were Christian, and 18% were Muslim. Median knowledge score was 31 out of 56, and the differences in scores between health care worker types were statistically significant ( P < .001). Nearly 60% of the participants believed breast cancer is always deadly. More than 40% of participants believed that keeping money in the bra causes breast cancer, and approximately 10% believed that breast cancer is caused by a spiritual attack. CONCLUSION Our questionnaire revealed that, even at the tertiary care level, significant gaps in knowledge exist, and knowledge of breast cancer is unacceptably low at the level of community providers. In addition to efforts aimed at strengthening health systems, greater knowledge among community health care workers has the potential to reduce delays in diagnosis for Nigerian patients with breast cancer.
Effects of Testosterone Supplementation on Ghrelin and Appetite During and After Severe Energy Deficit in Healthy Men
Authors: Karl J Philip , Berryman Claire E , Harris Melissa N , Lieberman Harris R , Gadde Kishore M , Rood Jennifer C , Pasiakos Stefan M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSevere energy deficits cause interrelated reductions in testosterone and fat free mass. Testosterone supplementation may mitigate those decrements, but could also reduce circulating concentrations of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, thereby exacerbating energy deficit by suppressing appetite.ObjectiveTo determine whether testosterone supplementation during severe energy deficit influences fasting and postprandial ghrelin concentrations and appetite.Design and methodsSecondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind trial that determined the effects of testosterone supplementation on body composition changes during and following severe energy deficit in nonobese, eugonadal men. Phase 1 (PRE-ED): 14-day run-in; phase 2: 28 days, 55% energy deficit with 200 mg testosterone enanthate weekly (TEST; n = 24) or placebo (PLA; n = 26); phase 3: free-living until body mass recovered (end-of-study; EOS). Fasting and postprandial acyl ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin concentrations and appetite were secondary outcomes measured during the final week of each phase.ResultsFasting acyl ghrelin concentrations, and postprandial acyl and des-acyl ghrelin concentrations increased in PLA during energy deficit then returned to PRE-ED values by EOS, but did not change in TEST (phase-by-group, P &lt; 0.05). Correlations between changes in free testosterone and changes in fasting acyl ghrelin concentrations during energy deficit (ρ = -0.42, P = 0.003) and body mass recovery (ρ = -0.38; P = 0.01) were not mediated by changes in body mass or body composition. Transient increases in appetite during energy deficit were not affected by testosterone treatment.ConclusionsTestosterone supplementation during short-term, severe energy deficit in healthy men prevents deficit-induced increases in circulating ghrelin without blunting concomitant increases in appetite.Clinical Trials Registrationwww.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02734238 (registered 12 April 2016).
A dot-stripe Turing model of joint patterning in the tetrapod limb
Authors: Scoones Jake Cornwall , Hiscock Tom W. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Iterative joints are a hallmark of the tetrapod limb, and their positioning is a key step during limb development. Although the molecular regulation of joint formation is well studied, it remains unclear what controls the location, number and orientation (i.e. the pattern) of joints within each digit. Here, we propose the dot-stripe mechanism for joint patterning, comprising two coupled Turing systems inspired by published gene expression patterns. Our model can explain normal joint morphology in wild-type limbs, hyperphalangy in cetacean flippers, mutant phenotypes with misoriented joints and suggests a reinterpretation of the polydactylous Ichthyosaur fins as a polygonal joint lattice. By formulating a generic dot-stripe model, describing joint patterns rather than molecular joint markers, we demonstrate that the insights from the model should apply regardless of the biological specifics of the underlying mechanism, thus providing a unifying framework to interrogate joint patterning in the tetrapod limb.
Embedding collective leadership to foster collaborative inter-professional working in the care of older people (ECLECTIC): Study protocol
Authors: Anjara Sabrina G. , Ní Shé Éidín , O'Shea Marie , O'Donoghue Gráinne , Donnelly Sarah , Brennan John , Whitty Hellen , Maloney Paul , Claffey Anne , Quinn Siobhan , McMahon Niamh , Bourke Noeleen , Lang Deirdre , Reilly Patrice , McGuigan Catherine , Cosgrave Sarah , Lawlor Louise , O'Shea Diarmuid , McAuliffe Eilish , O'Donnell Deirdre 
Published: March 2020

Background: The National Integrated Care Programme for Older People (NICPOP), formerly NCPOP aims to support older people to live well in their homes by developing primary and secondary care services for older people, especially those with complex needs. The programme develops integrated intermediate care which traverses both hospital and community settings through multidisciplinary and interagency teams. This team-based approach to the integration of health services is a novel innovation in Irish health service delivery and will require, over time, a shift in cultures of care to allow for the development of competencies for inter-professional collaboration across the care continuum. The ECLECTIC project will develop an implementation framework for achieving, maintaining and monitoring competencies for interprofessional collaboration among multi-disciplinary teams charged with delivering care for older people across the continuum from acute to community settings. Design: The ECLECTIC research design has been developed in collaboration with the NICPOP. In phase one of the project, a co-design team will collaborate to define and shape competencies for interprofessional collaboration. Phase two will involve the delivery of a collective leadership intervention over a 10-month period with multidisciplinary professionals working with older people across two geographical regions (Mullingar/Midlands and Beaumont/Dublin North). Each group will comprise of members of two multidisciplinary teams charged with coordinating and delivering care to older people across the continuum of acute to community care. Observations of collaborative inter-professional working will take place before, during, and after intervention. In phase three of the study, analysis of the interview and observation data will be presented to the co-design team in order to develop an implementation framework for future teams. Discussion: The co-design process will develop core competencies and performance indicators for collaborative interprofessional working. The resulting implementation framework will be implemented nationally as part of the NICPOP.
Rainbow trapping in a tapered photonic crystal waveguide and its application in wavelength demultiplexing effect
Authors: Neşeli Berkay , Bor Emre , Kurt Hamza , Turduev Mirbek 
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we present the numerical and experimental demonstration of a wavelength demultiplexer (WDM) based on the photonic crystal (PC), in which the waveguide has a tapered width. Owing to the tapered waveguide, propagating light can be slowed down and be trapped by a local mode gap effect at certain distances from the entrance of the waveguide. The corresponding effect leads to the localization of four different wavelengths at different points inside the waveguide. The drop-channels are introduced at these specified locations to separate selected wavelengths. Here, we utilized an optimization algorithm to enhance the coupling efficiencies of the introduced drop-channels. The presented WDM PC separates the wavelengths of 22.29, 21.63, 20.80, and 19.87 mm (13.46, 13.87, 14.42, and 15.10 GHz, respectively) into different drop-channels with coupling efficiencies at around 80%. Experimental verifications of the numerically presented results are realized at the microwave frequency regime where the coupling efficiencies of each drop-channel are measured as around 75%. The designed WDM PC structure is all dielectric, compact, and efficient, and it exhibits low cross talk between drop-channels. Experimental measurements show a rainbow-trapping phenomenon and verify the simulation results of wavelength demultiplexing design with the margin of error between 0.8% and 1% frequency shifts in peak transmission values.
RISK ANALYSIS AND PRIORITIZATION IN WATER SUPPLY NETWORK MAINTENANCE WORKS THROUGH THE FAILURE MODES AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY FMEA APPLICATION
Authors: Cavaignac Andre Luis de Oliveira , Uchoa Jhelison Gabriel Lima , Dos Santos Heyglon Fábio Oliveira 
Published: March 2020

Goal: In this work, the application of FMEA (failure mode and effects analysis) in the execution of maintenance of water network in a medium size city in the state of Maranhão was approached. FMEA (failure mode and effects analysis) with occupational safety approach is applied in the execution of water supply network maintenance in a medium size city in the state of Maranhão. This work shows that FMEA is an effective tool for risk prioritization in work process. The FMEA application with use of index reference table can become faster than application without reference table - and thus spread the tool for risk analysis.
Design / Methodology / Approach: A photographic records was carried out in loco and the main risks to the workers were enumerated and based on the obtained data, a risk analysis was elaborated with the application of FMEA (Failure modes and effects analysis).
Results: The maintenance services teams of the supply system are subject to a high risk of accidents caused mainly by the working conditions precariousness. It was observed that the services of manual excavations and the lack of use of PPE (helmet, gloves, pants suitable for flooded environments and etc.) have high risk index (RPN) and that the mismanagement added to the unsafe behavior were the main factors to accident occurrence in this type of work.
Limitations of the investigation: The study studied the reality found in a medium-sized city with precarious working conditions. Further studies can compare the work reality of other teams in cities of different sizes, with better working conditions. Other limitation of this work is the impossibility of work situation improvement and posterior tool application – a study with this magnitude is non-trivial and needs future research.
Practical implications: The great achievement of this work is to demonstrate that FMEA - a tool that is widely used in maintenance management and product engineering - is able to identify and prioritize risks based on its preliminary risk index obtained - contributing to reduce the difficulty of index choices previously cited in literature and disseminate the FMEA utilization for employee safety and occupational health. Such a tool has a great capacity for quantitative description of the risks, showing that the FMEA is very useful in the work safety sector for the organization of correction plans.
Originality / Value: The difficulties of using the tool mentioned in the available literature were minimized with the use of the reference table, showing that the use of FMEA can become faster and thus spread the tool for risk analysis.
Effects of mesenchymal stem cell and amnion membrane transfer on prevention of pericardial adhesions
Authors: Kabalci Mehmet , Sahin Mustafa , Pekcan Zeynep , Zengin Mehmet , Dogru Mehmet Tolga , Kısa Ucler 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
To investigate and compare the antiadhesive/antifibrotic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and amnion membrane transfer (AMT) in a rat model.

Material and methods
Three experimental and sham groups were formed using 30 Wistar-Albino rats. AMT and MSC were applied to the related groups. The control group was not treated. After 12 weeks follow-up, intracardiac blood and cardiac-pericardiac tissue samples were taken. The severity of adhesions and fibrosis were scored macroscopically and microscopically with Hematoxylin/Eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1, PDGF, FGF, VEGF and Caspase-3 levels were measured with the ELISA method.

Results
Severe adhesions were observed in the AMT and control groups, but no adhesion was present in the MSC group. Pericardial thickness, increased vascularity, fibrosis, and collagen accumulation were similar between control and AMT groups, but were less in Sham and MSC groups. Between MSC and AMT groups, only Caspase-3 level was different, which is an apoptosis marker.

Conclusion
The positive effects of MSC on adhesion, which we achieved in our study, suggest that it may prevent adhesion. AMT did not provide a positive effect. The correlation of Caspase-3 with postoperative adhesion/fibrosis should be examined in more detail.
Commutative Properties of Head Direction Cells during Locomotion in 3D: Are All Routes Equal?
Authors: LaChance Patrick A. , Dumont Julie R. , Ozel Pelin , Marcroft Jennifer L. , Taube Jeffrey S. 
Published: March 2020

Navigation often requires movement in three-dimensional (3D) space. Recent studies have postulated two different models for how head direction (HD) cells encode 3D space: the rotational plane hypothesis and the dual-axis model. To distinguish these models, we recorded HD cells in female rats while they traveled different routes along both horizontal and vertical surfaces from an elevated platform to the top of a cuboidal apparatus. We compared HD cell preferred firing directions (PFDs) in different planes and addressed the issue of whether HD cell firing is commutative—does the order of the animal's route affect the final outcome of the cell's PFD? Rats locomoted a direct or indirect route from the floor to the cube top via one, two, or three vertical walls. Whereas the rotational plane hypothesis accounted for PFD shifts when the animal traversed horizontal corners, the cell's PFD was better explained by the dual-axis model when the animal traversed vertical corners. Responses also followed the dual-axis model (1) under dark conditions, (2) for passive movement of the rat, (3) following apparatus rotation, (4) for movement around inside vertical corners, and (5) across a 45° outside vertical corner. The order in which the animal traversed the different planes did not affect the outcome of the cell's PFD, indicating that responses were commutative. HD cell peak firing rates were generally equivalent along each surface. These findings indicate that the animal's orientation with respect to gravity plays an important role in determining a cell's PFD, and that vestibular and proprioceptive cues drive these computations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNavigating in a three-dimensional (3D) world is a complex task that requires one to maintain a proper sense of orientation relative to both local and global cues. Rodent head direction (HD) cells have been suggested to subserve this sense of orientation, but most HD cell studies have focused on navigation in 2D environments. We investigated the responses of HD cells as rats moved between multiple vertically and horizontally oriented planar surfaces, demonstrating that HD cells align their directional representations to both local (current plane of locomotion) and global (gravity) cues across several experimental conditions, including darkness and passive movement. These findings offer critical insights into the processing of 3D space in the mammalian brain.
Regulation of Nucleolar Dominance in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Warsinger-Pepe Natalie , Li Duojia , Yamashita Yukiko M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In eukaryotic genomes, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes exist as tandemly repeated clusters, forming ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci. Each rDNA locus typically contains hundreds of rRNA genes to meet the high demand of ribosome biogenesis. Nucleolar dominance is a phenomenon whereby individual rDNA loci are entirely silenced or transcribed, and is believed to be a mechanism to control rRNA dosage. Nucleolar dominance was originally noted to occur in interspecies hybrids, and has been shown to occur within a species (i.e., nonhybrid context). However, studying nucleolar dominance within a species has been challenging due to the highly homogenous sequence across rDNA loci. By utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms between X rDNA and Y rDNA loci in males, as well as sequence variations between two X rDNA loci in females, we conducted a thorough characterization of nucleolar dominance throughout development of Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that nucleolar dominance is a developmentally regulated program that occurs in nonhybrid, wild-type D. melanogaster, where Y rDNA dominance is established during male embryogenesis, whereas females normally do not exhibit dominance between two X rDNA loci. By utilizing various chromosomal complements (e.g., X/Y, X/X, X/X/Y) and a chromosome rearrangement, we show that the short arm of the Y chromosome including the Y rDNA likely contains information that instructs the state of nucleolar dominance. Our study begins to reveal the mechanisms underlying the selection of rDNA loci for activation/silencing in nucleolar dominance in the context of nonhybrid D. melanogaster.
VISUALISASI KARAKTER GELOMBANG LISSAJOUS PADA OSILOSKOP MENGGUNAKAN SPREADSHEET MICROSOFT EXCEL PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA
Authors: Mouromadhoni Kasyfi Rifqi , Kuswanto Heru 
Published: March 2020

VISUALIZATION OF LISSAJOUS WAVE CHARACTER IN OSCILLOSCOPE USING SPREADSHEET MICROSOFT EXCEL IN PHYSICS LEARNING AbstractThis study examines the visualization of the creation and operation of lissajous waves on the oscilloscope screen using a spreadsheet on Microsoft Excel 2013. The purpose of this research is to produce a visualization and how to operate lissajous waves using Microsoft Excel. The subject of this research is a spreadsheet program on Microsoft Excel software. Research location in the Yogyakarta State University Postgraduate Program building. The results of the study are expected to produce a visualization of how and how to operate a lissajous wave using Microsoft Excel. The data used uses fixed amplitude, frequency ratio 1:1 (a=1, b=1) with different phases at special angles ie 0o, 30o, 60o dan 90o. As well as other data with different frequency comparisons but using fixed amlitudes and phase differences of 90o. Comparison of frequency, amplitude and phase difference has the main role in forming lissajous wave patterns. It can be concluded that the speadsheets program on Microsoft Excel 2013 can be used to create simulations and describe lissajous wave patterns on oscilloscope screens in physics learning. Through simulation of lissajous wave patterns using spreadsheets on Microsoft Excel can make it easier for students and teachers to understand the lissajous curve on the oscilloscope screen. AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji tentang visualisasi pembuatan dan pengoperasian gelombang lissajous pada layar osiloskop menggunakan spreadsheet pada microsoft excel 2013. Tujuan penelitian menghasilkan visualisasi dan cara pegoperasian gelombang lissajous menggunakan microsoft excel. Subjek penelitian ini adalah program spreadsheet pada software microsoft exel. Lokasi penelitian di gedung Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat menghasilkan visualisasi pembuatan dan cara pegoperasian gelombang lissajous menggunakan microsoft excel. Data yang digunakan menggunakan amplitudo tetap, perbandingan frekuensi 1:1 (a=1, b=1) dengan beda fase pada sudut istimewa yaitu 0o, 30o, 60o dan 90o. Serta data lain dengan perbandingan frekuensi yang berbeda namun menggunakan amlitudo tetap dan beda fase sebesar 90o. Perbandingan frekuensi, amplitudo dan beda fase memiliki peran utama dalam pembentukkan pola gelombang lissajous. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa program speadsheets pada miscrosoft excel 2013 dapat digunakan untuk membuat simulasi dan menggambarkan pola gelombang lissajous pada layar osiloskop dalam pembelajaran fisika. Melalui simulasi pola gelombang lissajous menggunakan spreadsheets pada microsoft excel dapat memudahkan siswa maupun guru dalam memahami kurva lissajous pada layar osiloskop.