bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-Specific Mandibular Reconstruction Plates Increase Accuracy and Long-Term Stability in Immediate Alloplastic Reconstruction of Segmental Mandibular Defects
Authors: Zeller A. N. , Neuhaus M. T. , Weissbach L. V. M. , Rana M. , Dhawan A. , Eckstein F. M. , Gellrich N. C. , Zimmerer R. M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the current study was to evaluate potential differences in the accuracy of mandibular reconstruction and long-term stability, with respect to different reconstructive procedures.

Methods
In total, 42 patients who had undergone primary segmental mandibular resection with immediate alloplastic reconstruction, with either manually pre-bent or patient-specific mandibular reconstruction plates (PSMRP), were included in this study. Mandibular dimensions, in terms of six clinically relevant distances (capitulum [most lateral points], capitulum [most medial points], incisura [most caudal points], mandibular foramina, coronoid process [most cranial points], dorsal tip of the mandible closest to the gonion point) determined from tomographic images, were compared prior to, and after surgery.

Results
Dimensional alterations were significantly more often found when conventionally bent titanium reconstruction plates were used. These occurred in the area of the coronoid process (p = 0.014). Plate fractures were significantly (p = 0.022) more often found within the manually pre-bent group than within the PSMRP group (17%/0%).

Conclusion
The results suggest that the use of PSMRP may prevent rotation of the proximal mandibular segment, thus avoiding functional impairment. In addition, the use of PSMRP may potentially enhance the long-term stability of alloplastic reconstructions.
Recent Advances in Tumor Microenvironment Hydrogen Peroxide-Responsive Materials for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yang Nan , Xiao Wanyue , Song Xuejiao , Wang Wenjun , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT), as one of the noninvasive clinical cancer phototherapies, suffers from the key drawback associated with hypoxia at the tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays an important role in protecting tumor cells from damage caused by common treatments. High concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), one of the hallmarks of TME, has been recognized as a double-edged sword, posing both challenges, and opportunities for cancer therapy. The promising perspectives, strategies, and approaches for enhanced tumor therapies, including PDT, have been developed based on the fast advances in H2O2-enabled theranostic nanomedicine. In this review, we outline the latest advances in H2O2-responsive materials, including organic and inorganic materials for enhanced PDT. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for further research on H2O2-responsive anticancer agents are envisioned.
Priming recognition memory test cues: No evidence for an attributional basis of recollection
Authors: Ionita Carmen F. , Talmi Deborah , Taylor Jason R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We argue that while the proposed memory model by Bastin et al. can explain familiarity-based memory judgements through the interaction of a core representation system and an attribution system, recollection-based memory judgements are not based on non-mnemonic signals being attributed to memory.
Preterm birth and risk for language delays before school entry: A sibling-control study
Authors: Zambrana Imac Maria , Vollrath Margarete E. , Jacobsson Bo , Sengpiel Verena , Ystrom Eivind 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe investigated whether children born preterm are at risk for language delay using a sibling-control design in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Participants included 26,769 siblings born between gestational weeks 23 and 42. Language delay was assessed when the children were 1.5, 3, and 5 years old. To adjust for familial risk factors, comparisons were conducted between preterm and full-term siblings. Pregnancy-specific risk factors were controlled for by means of observed variables. Findings showed that preterm children born before week 37 had increased risk for language delays at 1.5 years. At 3 and 5 years, only children born before week 34 had increased risk for language delay. Children born weeks 29–33 and before week 29 had increased risk for language delay at 1.5 years (RR = 4.51, 95% CI [3.45, 5.88]; RR = 10.32, 95% CI [6.7, 15.80]), 3 years (RR = 1.50, 95% CI [1.02, 2.21]; RR = 2.78, 95% CI [1.09, 7.07]), and 5 years (RR = 1.63, 95% CI [1.06, 2.51]; RR = 2.98, 95% CI [0.87, 10.26]), respectively. In conclusion, children born preterm are at risk for language delays, with familial confounders only explaining a moderate share of the association. This suggests a cause-effect relationship between early preterm birth and risk for language delay in preschool children.
Causes of Higher Climate Sensitivity in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Zelinka Mark D. , Myers Timothy A. , McCoy Daniel T. , Po‐Chedley Stephen , Caldwell Peter M. , Ceppi Paulo , Klein Stephen A. , Taylor Karl E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEquilibrium climate sensitivity, the global surface temperature response to CO
doubling, has been persistently uncertain. Recent consensus places it likely within 1.5–4.5 K. Global climate models (GCMs), which attempt to represent all relevant physical processes, provide the most direct means of estimating climate sensitivity via CO
quadrupling experiments. Here we show that the closely related effective climate sensitivity has increased substantially in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), with values spanning 1.8–5.6 K across 27 GCMs and exceeding 4.5 K in 10 of them. This (statistically insignificant) increase is primarily due to stronger positive cloud feedbacks from decreasing extratropical low cloud coverage and albedo. Both of these are tied to the physical representation of clouds which in CMIP6 models lead to weaker responses of extratropical low cloud cover and water content to unforced variations in surface temperature. Establishing the plausibility of these higher sensitivity models is imperative given their implied societal ramifications.
Sea Level Rise in New Zealand: The Effect of Vertical Land Motion on Century‐Long Tide Gauge Records in a Tectonically Active Region
Authors: Denys Paul H. , Beavan R. John , Hannah John , Pearson Chris F. , Palmer Neville , Denham Mike , Hreinsdottir Sigrun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHistorically tide gauge (TG) data have been used to estimate global sea level rise. Critical to the analysis of TG records is the assumption that the TG sites are stable and not affected by vertical land motion (VLM). We analyze century‐long TG records from New Zealand that have been affected by VLM due to both major and transient earthquake events at a regional level as well as local instabilities. Using combined GPS and precise leveling, we estimate relative VLM between the GPS and TG of up to 1 mm/year. Based on 15–20 years of GPS data, the effect of seismic activity and slow slip events has uplifted sites by up to 0.8 mm/year on average in Wellington and Dunedin. Updated estimates of long‐term relative sea level (RSL) at four New Zealand TGs, as well as an estimate of RSL at a new fifth TG (New Plymouth), are determined using data through 2013—an additional 13 years compared to the previous study. The VLM corrected RSL rates gives our best estimate absolute sea level of +1.45 ± 0.28 mm/year (1891−2013). It is important that absolute sea level derived from RSL rates include realistic estimates of VLM, especially at TG sites that are close to plate boundaries, located in seismically active regions, affected by glacial isostatic adjustment, land ice loss, or gas/oil/water extraction.
The Continually Stable Subduction, Iron‐Spin Transition, and the Formation of LLSVPs From Subducted Oceanic Crust
Authors: Huang Chuan , Leng Wei , Wu Zhongqing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLarge low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) in the lower mantle beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean have been widely accepted as compositionally distinct zones characterized by their large spatial scale, distinctive geometry (high topography and steep side boundaries), and long‐term stability. One possible explanation for the chemical origin of the LLSVPs is that they formed from subducted oceanic crust. However, some previous geodynamic models suggest that it is difficult for a sufficient quantity of recycled crust to accumulate in the deep mantle and form chemical structures matching those of LLSVPs. Here we show that the continually stable subduction can significantly enhance the gathering of recycled oceanic crust above the core‐mantle boundary. The resulting chemical structures in our model show high elevations and steep sides similar to those of the seismically observed LLSVPs when the effects of iron‐spin transition in ferropericlase are incorporated. These LLSVP‐like structures usually emerge 1–1.5 billion years (Gyr) after the model starts and remain recognizable at 3 Gyr. The total volume of these structures first increases to approximately double the current LLSVPs' volume and then gradually decreases over time. With a subduction pattern corresponding to extroversion supercontinent cycles, two antipodal chemical structures form similar to the current LLSVPs and survive longer than 1 Gyr.
Combined Effects of Pressure and Water Saturation on the Seismic Anisotropy in Artificial Porous Sandstone With Aligned Fractures
Authors: Han Tongcheng , Gurevich Boris , Fu Li‐Yun , Qi Qiaomu , Wei Jianxin , Chen Xingyu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFractures are commonly existing in the subsurface rocks, and understanding the seismic anisotropy in fractured rocks is of great importance in a range of geophysical applications. However, although all the fractured rocks are suffering from geological stresses and most of them are experiencing partial water saturation, the combined effects of confining pressure and water saturation on the seismic anisotropy in fractured rocks remain poorly understood. To obtain such knowledge, we measured and compared the anisotropic velocities and corresponding seismic anisotropy in two artificial porous sandstone samples with and without aligned fractures, respectively, as functions of varying confining pressure and degree of water saturation. We showed that the existence of aligned fractures significantly reduced the five measured velocities but dramatically enhanced the seismic anisotropy in the fractured sample. We also showed that confining pressure and water saturation had an interdependent complex effect on the seismic anisotropy of the fractured sample. The seismic anisotropy of the dry sample showed the highest‐pressure sensitivity, and the saturation effect was most significant at low confining pressure. Integrated interpretation of the experimental data indicated that wave‐induced fluid flow due to pore‐scale and mesoscale fluid distribution in the rocks is responsible for most of the observed pressure and saturation‐dependent anisotropic behaviors in the rocks. The results have helped to gain new knowledge on the seismic anisotropy in partially saturated fractured rocks subject to varying pressures and suggest the requirement for advanced theoretical models to fully understand the acquired data.
Updated Long‐Term Trends in Mesopause Temperature, Airglow Emissions, and Noctilucent Clouds
Authors: Dalin P. , Perminov V. , Pertsev N. , Romejko V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe have updated long‐term trends in mesopause temperature, airglow emission intensities, and noctilucent clouds (NLCs) based on ground‐based observations conducted in the Moscow region (Russia). Trends in mesopause temperature and airglow emissions have been derived for the period 2000–2018 (19 years), and long‐term trends in NLC characteristics have been obtained for 1968–2018 (51 years). Trends in airglow emissions have been estimated separately for winter and summer seasons. There are statistically significant negative trends in molecular oxygen O2 A(0‐1) and hydroxyl OH(6‐2) emission intensities in both winter and summer. Responses of the airglow intensities to solar activity have been found to be significantly positive, with winter ones being 1.5–2 times greater than summer ones. There is a rather strong and statistically significant cooling of the summer mesopause at a rate of −2.4±2.3 K/decade, whereas the winter mesopause demonstrates a small and statistically insignificant cooling of −0.4±2.2 K/decade. The response of the mesopause temperature to solar activity is positive and about 2 times greater in winter than in summer. We consider long‐term trends in the summer mesopause temperature and NLC for the same time period and same geographical region. Secular trends in NLC parameters have been found to be small and statistically insignificant as observed from midlatitudes. NLCs demonstrate statistically significant negative response to solar activity. Ozone forcing produces minor effects on both airglow and NLC characteristics. The observed small secular NLC trends contradict large modeled NLC trends recently obtained by Lübken et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077719).
Observing and Simulating Spatial Variations of Forest Carbon Stocks in Complex Terrain
Authors: Smeglin Yuting H. , Davis Kenneth J. , Shi Yuning , Eissenstat David M. , Kaye Jason P. , Kaye Margot W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe terrestrial carbon (C) cycle remains the least constrained component in the global C cycle, partly due to the difficulty of quantifying C sources and sinks in complex terrain. In this paper, we used observations at the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory and a biogeochemistry model, Biome‐BGC, to study the spatial distribution of C stocks and fluxes in a first‐order watershed. The model simulated the average C pools and fluxes in the watershed after constraining three model parameters with observations. The model was able to generate the observed spatial patterns of C pools in the watershed, with higher biomass and soil C in the valley and lower values on the ridgetop, though the model underestimated the ridgetop to valley differences. We examined the simulated effect of four environmental factors, soil moisture, soil temperature, nitrogen (N) availability and solar radiation, on the spatial distribution of C pools. Among these factors, soil water and N availability coupled together dominate the spatial distribution of aboveground biomass. Soil water was the most important factor controlling soil C. These results are highly sensitive to van Genuchten parameters, which describe the soil water retention curve. This study highlights the importance of the hydrologic system in describing within‐watershed structure in terrestrial C stocks.
Geochemistry of Small Canadian Arctic Rivers with Diverse Geological and Hydrological Settings
Authors: Brown Kristina A. , Williams William J. , Carmack Eddy C. , Fiske Greg , François Roger , McLennan Donald , Peucker‐Ehrenbrink Bernhard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA survey of 25 coastal‐draining rivers across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) shows that these systems are distinct from the largest Arctic rivers that drain watersheds extending far south of the Arctic circle. Observations collected from 2014 to 2016 illustrate the influences of seasonal hydrology, bedrock geology, and landscape physiography on each river's inorganic geochemical characteristics. Summertime data show the impact of coincident gradients in lake cover and surficial geology on river geochemical signatures. In the north and central CAA, drainage basins are generally smaller, underlain by sedimentary bedrock, and their hydrology is driven by seasonal precipitation pulses that undergo little modification before they enter the coastal ocean. In the southern CAA, a high density of lakes stores water longer within the terrestrial system, permitting more modification of water isotope and geochemical characteristics. Annual time‐series observations from two CAA rivers reveal that their concentration‐discharge relationships differ compared with those of the largest Arctic rivers, suggesting that future projections of dissolved ion fluxes from CAA rivers to the Arctic Ocean may not be reliably made based on compositions of the largest Arctic rivers alone, and that rivers draining the CAA region will likely follow different trajectories of change under a warming climate. Understanding how these small, coastal‐draining river systems will respond to climate change is essential to fully evaluate the impact of changing freshwater inputs to the Arctic marine system.
Interleukin-1β is a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis: a narrative review
Authors: Cheng Ran , Wu Zhiwu , Li Mingming , Shao Meiying , Hu Tao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInterleukin(IL)-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated and participates in periodontitis. Not only the link between IL-1β and periodontitis was proved by clinical evidence, but also the increased IL-1β triggers a series of inflammatory reactions and promotes bone resorption. Currently, IL-1β blockage has been therapeutic strategies for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, gout and type II diabetes mellitus. It is speculated that IL-1β be a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis. The review focuses on the production, mechanism, present treatments and future potential strategies for IL-1β in periodontitis.
Interfacial Fe5C2-Cu catalysts toward low-pressure syngas conversion to long-chain alcohols
Authors: Li Yinwen , Gao Wa , Peng Mi , Zhang Junbo , Sun Jialve , Xu Yao , Hong Song , Liu Xi , Liu Xingwu , Wei Min , Zhang Bingsen , Ma Ding 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLong-chain alcohols synthesis (LAS, C5+OH) from syngas provides a promising route for the conversion of coal/biomass/natural gas into high-value chemicals. Cu-Fe binary catalysts, with the merits of cost effectiveness and high CO conversion, have attracted considerable attention. Here we report a nano-construct of a Fe5C2-Cu interfacial catalyst derived from Cu4Fe1Mg4-layered double hydroxide (Cu4Fe1Mg4-LDH) precursor, i.e., Fe5C2 clusters (~2 nm) are immobilized onto the surface of Cu nanoparticles (~25 nm). The interfacial catalyst exhibits a CO conversion of 53.2%, a selectivity of 14.8 mol% and a space time yield of 0.101 g gcat−1 h−1 for long-chain alcohols, with a surprisingly benign reaction pressure of 1 MPa. This catalytic performance, to the best of our knowledge, is comparable to the optimal level of Cu-Fe catalysts operated at much higher pressure (normally above 3 MPa).
2N+4-rule and an atlas of bulk optical resonances of zigzag graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Payod Renebeth B. , Grassano Davide , Santos Gil Nonato C. , Levshov Dmitry I. , Pulci Olivia , Saroka Vasil A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDevelopment of on-chip integrated carbon-based optoelectronic nanocircuits requires fast and non-invasive structural characterization of their building blocks. Recent advances in synthesis of single wall carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons allow for their use as atomically precise building blocks. However, while cataloged experimental data are available for the structural characterization of carbon nanotubes, such an atlas is absent for graphene nanoribbons. Here we theoretically investigate the optical absorption resonances of armchair carbon nanotubes and zigzag graphene nanoribbons continuously spanning the tube (ribbon) transverse sizes from 0.5(0.4) nm to 8.1(12.8) nm. We show that the linear mapping is guaranteed between the tube and ribbon bulk resonance when the number of atoms in the tube unit cell is $$2N+4$$
2
N
+
4
, where $$N$$
N
is the number of atoms in the ribbon unit cell. Thus, an atlas of carbon nanotubes optical transitions can be mapped to an atlas of zigzag graphene nanoribbons.
Reversible displacive transformation in MnTe polymorphic semiconductor
Authors: Mori Shunsuke , Hatayama Shogo , Shuang Yi , Ando Daisuke , Sutou Yuji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDisplacive transformation is a diffusionless transition through shearing and shuffling of atoms. Diffusionless displacive transition with modifications in physical properties can help manufacture fast semiconducting devices for applications such as data storage and switching. MnTe is known as a polymorphic compound. Here we show that a MnTe semiconductor film exhibits a reversible displacive transformation based on an atomic-plane shuffling mechanism, which results in large electrical and optical contrasts. We found that MnTe polycrystalline films show reversible resistive switching via fast Joule heating and enable nonvolatile memory with lower energy and faster operation compared with conventional phase-change materials showing diffusional amorphous-to-crystalline transition. We also found that the optical reflectance of MnTe films can be reversibly changed by laser heating. The present findings offer new insights into developing low power consumption and fast-operation electronic and photonic phase-change devices.
Conditional control of RNA-guided nucleic acid cleavage and gene editing
Authors: Wang Shao-Ru , Wu Ling-Yu , Huang Hai-Yan , Xiong Wei , Liu Jian , Wei Lai , Yin Ping , Tian Tian , Zhou Xiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProkaryotes use repetitive genomic elements termed CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) to destroy invading genetic molecules. Although CRISPR systems have been widely used in DNA and RNA technology, certain adverse effects do occur. For example, constitutively active CRISPR systems may lead to a certain risk of off-target effects. Here, we introduce post-synthetic masking and chemical activation of guide RNA (gRNA) to controlling CRISPR systems. An RNA structure profiling probe (2-azidomethylnicotinic acid imidazolide) is used. Moreover, we accomplish conditional control of gene editing in live cells. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates promising potential of chemical activation of gRNAs as a versatile tool for chemical biology.
YAP1 mediates survival of ALK-rearranged lung cancer cells treated with alectinib via pro-apoptotic protein regulation
Authors: Tsuji Takahiro , Ozasa Hiroaki , Aoki Wataru , Aburaya Shunsuke , Yamamoto Funazo Tomoko , Furugaki Koh , Yoshimura Yasushi , Yamazoe Masatoshi , Ajimizu Hitomi , Yasuda Yuto , Nomizo Takashi , Yoshida Hironori , Sakamori Yuichi , Wake Hiroaki , Ueda Mitsuyoshi , Kim Young Hak , Hirai Toyohiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite the promising clinical efficacy of the second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor alectinib in patients with ALK-rearranged lung cancer, some tumor cells survive and eventually relapse, which may be an obstacle to achieving a cure. Limited information is currently available on the mechanisms underlying the initial survival of tumor cells against alectinib. Using patient-derived cell line models, we herein demonstrate that cancer cells survive a treatment with alectinib by activating Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), which mediates the expression of the anti-apoptosis factors Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL, and combinatorial inhibition against both YAP1 and ALK provides a longer tumor remission in ALK-rearranged xenografts when compared with alectinib monotherapy. These results suggest that the inhibition of YAP1 is a candidate for combinatorial therapy with ALK inhibitors to achieve complete remission in patients with ALK-rearranged lung cancer.