bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
G6PC2 rs560887 Gene Variant is Associated with Fasting Blood Glucose in the Admixed Mexican Population
Authors: Fernández-Pons Rodrigo , Costa-Urrutia Paula , Solares-Tlapechco Jacqueline , Granados Julio , Rodríguez-Arellano Martha E. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
In Mexico, type 2 diabetes prevalence is 13.7%, which has a huge impact on Mexican public health. There is an urgent need to focus on the prevention of pre-diabetes to decrease the likelihood of type 2 diabetes onset. Gene variants predisposed to increase Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels could be helpful for prevention purposes. This study aimed to analyze the association of the G6PC2 rs560887 variant with pre-diabetes in a Mexican-Mestizo population.

Methods:
A cross-sectional case-control study was performed in 960 Mexican Mestizos participants. The association of G6PC2 rs560887 with pre-diabetes was analyzed by logistic regression and with Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by linear regression.

Results:
The G6PC2 rs560887 variant was significantly associated with FBG (β -1.80, p=0.03), but not with HbA1c or the presence of pre-diabetes.

Conclusion:
The G6PC2 rs560887 loci could be a potential early marker of type 2 diabetes.
Significance of Microwave Irradiation in Synthesis of Thiazolidin-4-one Bearing Pyrimidine Analogues: Their in vitro Antimicrobial, Antituberculosis and Antimalarial Studies
Authors: Patel Navin B. , Soni Hetal I. , Parmar Rahul B. 
Published: September 2020

Aim:
To synthesise biologically active thiazolidin-4-one by microwave irradiation
method and evaluate against different species of bacteria, fungi and Plasmodium falciparum.

Background:
Microwave irradiation method is serviceable for rapid and sustainable synthesis. In
this present study, Thiazolidin-4-one bearing pyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized by microwave
irradiation method.

Objective:
Thiazolidin-4-one is a valuable motif because of its broad-spectrum biological evaluation.
It is famous for many types of biological profiles, mainly antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis, anti-
convulsant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic agent and antimalarial. This biological response
leads our attention towards the change of Thiazolidin-4-one skeleton to enhance potential. Present
study aims to carry out a rapid synthesis of Thiazolidin-4-one derivative of pyrimidine by microwave-
assisted heating.

Methods:
4-(4-substituted phenyl)-6-(substituted aryl) pyrimidin-2-amine was the key intermediate
required for the synthesis of 3-(4-(Substituted phenyl)-6-(substituted aryl) pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy
phenyl) thiozolidin-4-one (5A-J), which was prepared by using microwave irradiation. The
structures of all newly synthesized motifs were characterized by spectral analysis (IR, 1H NMR, 13C
NMR spectroscopy) and screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes; antifungal activity against Candida
albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus Clavatus; anti-tuberculosis activity against M. tuberculosis
H37RV and antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum.

Results:
Higher yield with less time-consuming method is the main advantage of Thiazolidin-
4-one bearing pyrimidine motifs synthesis. The excellent biological response of compounds 5B,
5C, 5D, 5G, 5H, 5I, and 5J was observed.

Conclusion:
As compared to conventional method, less time is required for the preparation of Thiazolidin-
4-one analogues by using advantageous microwave irradiation method. Thiazolidin-4-one
derivatives showed improved biological activity.
Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abouchacra Samra , Yaman Mohamad , Chandrasekhar Nair Satish 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The COVID19 pandemic has devastated the entire globe with an astounding
death toll and various forms of human suffering worldwide. In its wake, it has uncovered serious
flaws and shortcomings in healthcare systems and beyond.

Objective:
The objective of this perspective is to highlight the lessons learned from the catastrophic
pandemic and propose recommendations for optimal future preparedness.

Methods:
Current literature was reviewed to identify common and serious challenges faced during
and in the process of instituting solutions for addressing the COVID19 pandemic.

Results:
The uncovered challenges appear to be similar in various countries across the globe, clearly
demonstrating universal patterns in lack of preparedness. This spanned critical shortage in healthcare
facilities, equipment, consumables and staffing along with technological gaps needs to keep
up with the emerging needs. There are also major obstacles impeding the rapid development and
implementation of diagnostics and therapeutics, and in addition, public awareness and international
collaborations are immature to effectively handle the crisis.

Conclusion:
Fortunately many of these shortfalls lend themselves to intervention, however country-
specific strategies must be preplanned with proactive readiness for rapid implementation during
crisis situations. These go beyond readiness with physical space, essential equipment and consumables,
and further involve proper capacity and manpower planning as well as local and global coordinated
communication and cooperative collaborations. Moreover, self-sufficiency and sustainability
are key to ensure the continuous provision of essential supplies and other needs. COVID19 has
taught us that the world could never be too ready or prepared for such unexpected future events.
Convolution Neural Network Based Visual Speech Recognition System for
Syllable Identification
Authors: Pahuja Hunny , Ranjan Priya , Ujlayan Amit , Goyal Ayush 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
This paper introduces novel and reliable approach for speech impaired people to assist them to communicate effectively in real time. A deep learning technique named as convolution neural network is used as its classifier. With the help of this algorithm, words are recognized from an input which is a visual speech, disregards with its audible or acoustic property.

Methods:
This network extracts the features from mouth stances and different images respectively. With the help of a source, non-audible mouth stances are taken as an input and then segregated as subsets to get desired output. The Complete Datum is then arranged to recognize the word as an affricate.

Results:
Convolution neural network is one of the most effective algorithms that extracts features, performs classification and provides the desired output from the input images for speech recognition system.

Conclusion:
Recognizing the syllables at real time from visual mouth stances input is the main objective of the proposed method. When tested, datum accuracy and quantity of training sets is giving satisfactory output. A small set of datum is taken as first step of learning. In future, large set of datum can be considered for analyzing the data.

Discussion:
On the basis of type of Datum, network proposed in this paper is tested to obtain its precision level. A network is maintained to identify the syllables but it fails when syllables are of same set. Requirement of Higher end graphics pro-cessing units is there to bring down the time consumption and increases the efficiency of network.
Readiness for Voice Technology in Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kowalska Małgorzata , Gładyś Aleksandra , Kalańska-Łukasik Barbara , Gruz-Kwapisz Monika , Wojakowski Wojciech , Jadczyk Tomasz 
Published: September 2020

Background
The clinical application of voice technology provides novel opportunities in the field of telehealth. However, patients’ readiness for this solution has not been investigated among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Objective
This paper aims to evaluate patients’ anticipated experiences regarding telemedicine, including voice conversational agents combined with provider-driven support delivered by phone.

Methods
A cross-sectional study enrolled patients with chronic CVD who were surveyed using a validated investigator-designed questionnaire combining 19 questions (eg, demographic data, medical history, preferences for using telehealth services). Prior to the survey, respondents were educated on the telemedicine services presented in the questionnaire while being assisted by a medical doctor. Responses were then collected and analyzed, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of willingness to use voice technology.

Results
In total, 249 patients (mean age 65.3, SD 13.8 years; 158 [63.5%] men) completed the questionnaire, which showed good repeatability in the validation procedure. Of the 249 total participants, 209 (83.9%) reported high readiness to receive services allowing for remote contact with a cardiologist (176/249, 70.7%) and telemonitoring of vital signs (168/249, 67.5%). The voice conversational agents combined with provider-driven support delivered by phone were shown to be highly anticipated by patients with CVD. The readiness to use telehealth was statistically higher in people with previous difficulties accessing health care (OR 2.920, 95% CI 1.377-6.192) and was most frequent in city residents and individuals reporting a higher education level. The age and sex of the respondents did not impact the intention to use voice technology (P=.20 and P=.50, respectively).

Conclusions
Patients with cardiovascular diseases, including both younger and older individuals, declared high readiness for voice technology.
PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY OF AN IMPORTANT UNANI DRUG BAZR-UL-BANJ (HYOSCYAMUS NIGER LINN.) – REVIEW
Authors: AZHAR MISBAHUDDIN , MUSTEHASAN  
Published: September 2020

Objective: Bazr-ul-Banj syn. Ajwain khurasani (Hyoscyamus niger Linn.) is one of the important drug mentioned in Unani literature. It mentioned by the great Unani philosopher Dioscorides (first century AD) in his treatise Kitab-al-Hashaish. According to Unani philosophy, Bazr-ul-Banj is in third-degree category according to its temperamental nature. H. niger Linn. contains tropane alkaloids in good quantity, mainly hyoscyamine and scopolamine.
Methods: Unani classical literature was searched from recent to past available in different libraries. For phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical studies to prove, the importance computerized databases such as Medline, PubMed, Ovid SP, Google Scholar, and Science-direct were searched. All the information of plant available in Urdu, Persian, Arabic, and studies published abstract were included in the study.
Results: Fourteen Unani books were referred and 18 pharmacological studies were recognized. The action of Bazr-ul-Banj mentioned in Unani classical literature are Hazim (Digestive), Mudammil (Cicatrizant), Mujaffif (Dessicant), Mukhaddir (Anesthetic), Munashshi (Narcotic), Munawwim (Hypnotic), Musakkin (Sedative), Musakkin-e-Alam (Analgesic), Raade (divertive), Qabiz (Astringent), etc., and useful in Amraz-e-asbania (nervous affections), Amraz-e-Raham (uterine spasm and pain), Dard wa Alam (pain), Ikhtelaj-e-Qalb (palpitation), Junoon (mania), Niqras (Gout), Zeequn Nafas (Bronchial asthma), etc. H. niger Linn. showed many pharmacological effects included antimicrobial, anticancer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antihypertensive, and antidiarrheal activities in different clinical and experimental studies.
Conclusion: This presentation is an attempt to showcase the action, uses mentioned in Unani literature, chemical constituent, and pharmacological and toxicological effects at one place. It may also observe that the drug is having many actions which may be beneficial in cases of COVID-19. It may be concluded this should be tested as adjuvant medicine in cases of COVID-19.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LINDERNIA RUELLIOIDES (COLSM.) PENNELL
Authors: A IMTILEMLA , BAREH VICKY , BARBHUIYA SAMIA BEGAM , SAILO LALZIKPUII 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was collection of plant materials, Extraction of phytoconstituents using a different solvent, to carry out preliminary phytochemical screening of different extracted solvent, to perform fluorescence analysis, to estimate the proximate composition of the leaves Lindernia ruellioides (Colsm.) Pennell, and to determine the presence of in vitro anti-oxidant of the methanolic extract of the plant.
Method: Preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of Lindernia ruellioides (Colsm.) Pennell, estimation of proximate composition of the leaves, fluorescence analysis, total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and in vitro antioxidant activity of the methanol extract (DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power assay, and nitric oxide scavenging activity).
Results: The result of phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of Lindernia ruellioides (Colsm.) Pennell contents the presence of amino acid, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids. The moisture content and Ash value were found to be appropriate and the in vitro antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract showed potential antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power assay, and nitric oxide scavenging activity.
Conclusion: The work presented here suggests that the methanolic extract of Lindernia ruellioides (Colsm.) Pennell possesses potential antioxidant activity.
UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF SAXAGLIPTIN IN API AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: SHINDE BHAGYASHRI S. , KALSHETTI M. S. , KOKANE ANJALI P. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: A new sensitive, economical, simple, rapid UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Saxagliptin in API and pharmaceutical formulation.
Methods: Calibration curve method was used for the estimation of Saxagliptin in API and pharmaceutical formulation.
Results: The method was validated for linearity, range, accuracy, precision, robustness, LOD, LOQ. Linearity was found in the range of 10-60µg/ml. Accuracy was performed by using a recovery study. The amount of drug recovered was found to be in the range of 99.01-100.1%. All the parameters were validated as per the ICH guidelines.
Conclusion: This method is suitable forused routine analysis of present Saxagliptin in API and Pharmaceutical dosage form.
INVESTIGATING FUTURE PHARMACISTS UNDERSTANDING OF VACCINES AND MYTHS SURROUNDING VACCINATION
Authors: ZAHID SIDRAH , MORRISSEY HANA , BALL PATRICK 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The United Kingdom has lost its measles, mumps and rubella free status due to a decline in vaccination uptake. There are several beliefs such as safety concern and media influence that discourage people from having vaccinations. To identify gaps in knowledge of vaccination within 3rd year pharmacy students, and to observe whether they can spot myths about vaccines, in particular the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine.
Methods: A questionnaire-based approach was used after gaining ethical approval which included a range of open and closed questions.
Results: None of the participants could identify the six common myths reported by the World Health Organisation and 40% failed to accurately identify the type of vaccine of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. There were clear gaps in knowledge on vaccines in participants particularly from black, Asian and minority ethnic group participants compared to white students. Educating participants about the myths could have positive future implications on their scientific knowledge when they work as pharmacists.
Conclusion: Many students did not accurately identify the myths surrounding vaccines and were provided informative leaflets to enhance their scientific knowledge. The gaps in knowledge identified, demonstrates that further teaching sessions should be implemented to cover the grey areas, allowing them to appropriately recommend vaccinations in the future.
HERBAL CREAMS OF REISHI EXTRACT AND TEA TREE OIL FOR HIRSUTISM–AN IN VIVO STUDY
Authors: CHOUDHURY SANGEETA , MADHAVI BLR 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The aim of this work to formulate, evaluate and compare the effectiveness of herbal creams containing extract of reishi and tea tree oil for treating hirsutism.
Methods: Herbal ingredients were authenticated. Cream base was initially formulated. Three formulations of herbal cream were prepared. Reishi ethanolic extract, tea tree oil, and combination of tea tree oil and reishi extract were added to the cream base and formulated cream were named as RHC, THC and RTC respectively. In vitro evaluations on herbal creams were done for the physicochemical characteristics. In vivo studies were carried out on female Swiss Albino mice for the activity against hair growth by topical application of cream to shaved skin. The histological and morphometric evaluation was carried out. Skin irritancy study was conducted.
Results: The herbal creams showed desirable physicochemical properties like pH, viscosity and spreadability. Statistical analysis for the length of hair was performed by using one way ANOVA followed by DUNNET’S post hoc test where THC and RTC were found to be significant whereas RHC showed no significant reduction of hair growth compared to control. RTC showed a significant effect at p<0.05 and hair growth reduction was significant for THC at p<0.001 compared to the control group. RTC and THC showed mild to moderate reduction in the size of the hair follicles with a reduction of sebaceous gland size in the histological analysis.
Conclusion: Topical application of herbal creams to mice showed that hair growth was fastest in group RHC and was slowest in group THC and intermediate with RTC. It can be concluded that these herbal actives can be used as an effective treatment against hirsutism. Within the study period, tea tree oil was found to be more effective than reishi extract and the combination product. Further formulation studies and in vivo studies need to be carried out on reishi to assess its effectiveness against hirsutism.
Discrimination and the Private Law in Canada: Reflections on Spence v. BMO Trust Co.
Authors: Thomson Jane 
Published: September 2020

Discrimination has long been identified as detrimental to the basic functioning of multicultural countries like Canada. While governments have adopted constitutional law and passed human rights legislation to combat and control discrimination, these laws are inapplicable to a significant portion of Canadian law. Areas of private law, such as wills and trusts are therefore more vulnerable to use by individuals seeking to perpetuate discrimination.
The main way that courts in Canada have dealt with this issue is through the use of the doctrine of public policy. As early as the 19th century, private law provisions viewed as restraining another’s freedom of religion or perpetuating discrimination on grounds such as race, ethnicity, or sexual orientation have been found contrary to public policy by Canadian courts and voided accordingly.
While the uniquely Canadian jurisprudence in this area continues to evolve, until quite recently, its trajectory appeared to be one of expansion. However, the latest appellate level decision in this area,Spence v. BMO Trust Co., appears to have changed the course of this jurisprudence. In Spence, the Ontario Court of Appeal found that certain testamentary clauses, no matter how discriminatory in nature, can never be subject to a public policy review.
This article argues that while the result of Spence was likely correct on its particular facts, the reasoning of that decision goes too far in its attempt to limit the doctrine’s applicability with respect to discrimination in the private law. Parts of the decision in Spence ignore the key message of past decisions in this area concerning the danger of uncensored discrimination in Canadian society.
While reasonable people may disagree on the outcome of any given public policy inquiry, a point that should attract consensus is that the private law should never be an unexamined and impenetrable shelter for discrimination. However, Spence effectively creates an area of the private law immune to legal scrutiny by precluding the use of the common law doctrine that has been used to directly confront and censure discrimination in Canadian private law.
Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Melaksanakan Program Bedah Rumah Warga Miskin di Kelurahan Silae Kecamatan Ulujadi Kota Palu
Authors: Riadi Slamet , Rivai Abdul 
Published: September 2020

Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang partisipasi masyarakat terhadap program bedah rumah warga miskin dalam program pemerintah yang disinergikan dengan PNPM Mandiri melalui BKM yang mengawasi UPL. Tujuan utama dalam melakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan situasi atau objek secara sistematis, karakteristik, akurat, tepat dan sesuai kejadian yang sebenarnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pengambilan data berasal dari wawancara, observasi, dan studi literature yang dianalisis secara induktif. Ada empat indikator/tahap yang menjadi landasan penelitian ini yaitu tahap assessment, tahap alternative program, tahap implementasi program dan tahap evaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat di Kelurahan Silae masih tergolong rendah. Hal ini berdasarkan pada tiga dari empat indikator yang dijadikan acuan dalam penelitian ini dinilai masih belum maksimal. Peneliti menemukan bahwa masyarakat di Kelurahan Silae masih banyak berpartisipasi pada tahap implementasi program.