bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decades‐long involvement of signalling pathways in cardiovascular research using zebrafish model and its global trends
Authors: Binesh Ambika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch on zebrafish as a model system began a few decades ago, and later, studies on zebrafish developmental biology and genetics resulted in the characterization of a large number of genes involved in vertebrate development and cell signalling pathways, thus establishing zebrafish as a relevant human disease model for research. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the first leading cause of death and are expected to rise over 23.6 million by 2030. Environmental toxicants such as drugs, alcohols and chemicals can activate/disrupt number of signalling pathways, led to the cardiovascular toxicity and perturb the development of myocardium, cardiomyocytes, cardiac valve formation and cardiac trabecular growth. Based on the total publication output, USA's contribution to cardiovascular research using zebrafish as a model organism was immense compared to that of other countries. Harvard University contributed comprehensive research on CVD using zebrafish model with a cumulative occurrence of keywords like zebrafish, angiogenesis, cardiovascular disease, pollutants and developmental process. Many pathways are redundant, and the activation of certain targets implicated in cardiovascular disease development is by inhibiting one particular pathway leading to activation of alternative signalling pathways. Targeting highly specific pathways by single compounds inhibiting only one protein generally leads to resistance to this therapeutic agent. It is understood from the publications and citations, that the use of zebrafish as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) model has been gradually expanded from 2000 to 2019, likely due to the recapitulated pathophysiology of the human heart.
Triploid induction in penaeid shrimps aquaculture: a review
Authors: Manan Hidayah , Ikhwanuddin Mhd 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe application of biotechnology in marine shrimp especially in penaeid shrimps aquaculture is increasing in demand. Researcher and scientist consents that application of biotechnology helps improve the shrimp quality and consequently increase the aquaculture shrimp productions. The monosex culture becomes one of the focuses nowadays as the techniques can help increasing the aquaculture yield and obviously increases the aquaculture production. The application of triploidy in penaeid shrimp helps to increase the shrimp size, faster the shrimp growth and also recognized as one of the successful techniques for monosex culture as well as induction of polyploidy, gynogenesis and hormones induces. Triploidy technique is also beneficial to be applied in the shrimp aquaculture for the production purposes. This review paper focuses on the triploid induction in penaeid shrimps, the suitable method to be applied, and also the overview of the triploidy induction from others previous study. Hopefully, this review paper can be the benchmark for the application of triploidy technique in shrimp aquaculture industry and help promoting the shrimp aquaculture shrimp productions in the future.
Secondary Risk Theory: Validation of a Novel Model of Protection Motivation
Authors: Cummings Christopher L. , Rosenthal Sonny , Kong Wei Yi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProtection motivation theory states individuals conduct threat and coping appraisals when deciding how to respond to perceived risks. However, that model does not adequately explain today's risk culture, where engaging in recommended behaviors may create a separate set of real or perceived secondary risks. We argue for and then demonstrate the need for a new model accounting for a secondary threat appraisal, which we call secondary risk theory. In an online experiment, 1,246 participants indicated their intention to take a vaccine after reading about the likelihood and severity of side effects. We manipulated likelihood and severity in a 2 × 2 between‐subjects design and examined how well secondary risk theory predicts vaccination intention compared to protection motivation theory. Protection motivation theory performed better when the likelihood and severity of side effects were both low (R2 = 0.30) versus high (R2 = 0.15). In contrast, secondary risk theory performed similarly when the likelihood and severity of side effects were both low (R2 = 0.42) or high (R2 = 0.45). But the latter figure is a large improvement over protection motivation theory, suggesting the usefulness of secondary risk theory when individuals perceive a high secondary threat.
Global Warming Risk Perceptions in India
Authors: Thaker Jagadish , Smith Nicholas , Leiserowitz Anthony 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFew studies have focused on global warming risk perceptions among people in poor and developing countries, who are disproportionately impacted by climate change. This analysis conducts a comprehensive assessment of global warming risk perceptions in India using a national sample survey. Consistent with cultural theory, egalitarianism was positively associated with global warming risk perceptions. In addition, perceived vulnerability and resilience to extreme weather events were also two of the strongest factors associated with global warming risk perceptions. While worry was positively associated with risk perceptions, it accounted for only a small proportion of the variance, unlike studies in developed countries. Finally, the study also collected global warming affective images. The most common responses were “don't know” or “can't say” (25%), followed by “pollution” (21%), “heat” (20%), and “nature” (16%). The study finds that the predictors of global warming risk perceptions among the Indian public are both similar and different than those in developed countries, which has important implications for climate change communication in India.
Reduce or recycle? Revealing source to sink links through integrated zircon–feldspar provenance fingerprinting
Authors: Barham Milo , Kirkland Christopher L. , Hovikoski Jussi , Alsen Peter , Hollis Julie , Tyrrell Shane 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe geochemical character of detrital mineral grains carries information that can be used to track sediment generation and transport within the broader context of basin development and crustal evolution. Many provenance studies focus on single minerals, which, as a consequence of different source fertility, survivorship and sediment sample representativeness, generate bias and consequently potentially skew geological interpretations. While a range of approaches has been proposed to either quantify or mitigate some of these biases, a significant limitation associated with the most commonly employed provenance proxy – zircon – remains that the grains are remarkably robust and capable of surviving numerous cycles of erosion, deposition and uplift. Here, same‐sample integration of zircon and feldspar provenance information is used to propose a sediment recycling metric ‘R’. This metric quantifies the degree of relative recycling of distinctive source components through comparison of provenance proxies with similar source region fertilities but different survivorship potential. This approach is applied to a case study of several thousand new zircon U‐Pb ages and K‐feldspar Pb‐isotope ratios from 25 Carboniferous to Palaeogene clastic samples from the poorly studied Wollaston Forland–Clavering Ø region in hydrocarbon prospective north‐east Greenland. Concordant detrital zircon populations are dominated by Palaeoproterozoic (ca 1.9 to 1.8 Ga) grains (>60%), with more minor Palaeozoic, Neo‐Mesoproterozoic and Archean subpopulations. Feldspar grain Pb‐isotope ratios almost entirely (>>60%) correspond to Caledonian granites (ca 0.4 Ga). Zircon and feldspar provenance proxies appear decoupled as a consequence of: (i) limited resolvable growth of zircon within Caledonian granites, and more importantly; (ii) significant upgrading of recycled zircon components via rift flanking sedimentary basins. Collectively, the integration of detrital mineral proxies with disparate survivorship potentials through sediment cycles (labile first cycle feldspar versus potentially polycyclic zircon) is essential to facilitate more nuanced definition of sediment source regions, routing pathways and basin evolution.
Capital reallocation: A tale of two frictions*
Authors: Wang Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the role of search and financial frictions in the used capital market. A tractable dynamic general equilibrium model with both frictions is developed to account for procyclicality of reallocation and the price of used capital. Both the aggregate productivity shock and the financial shock can generate procyclical reallocation of used capital. Quantitatively, the financial shock accounts for almost all the variation of used capital reallocation. The aggregate productivity shock is more responsible for the variation of the price of used capital as well as variables outside the used capital market.
Parenting and prosocial behaviors: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wong Tracy K. Y. , Konishi Chiaki , Kong Xiaoxue 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAscertaining whether and the extent to which different aspects of parenting are associated with prosocial behaviors could inform parenting programs in cultivating healthy development. Multilevel meta‐analyses (k = 124) involving children and adolescents were conducted to examine associations between parenting and prosocial behaviors while accounting for demographic and study characteristics. Authoritative parenting (r = .174, p < .001) was associated positively whereas authoritarian parenting (r = −.107, p < .001) was associated negatively with prosocial behaviors. These associations remained robust across infancy, childhood, and adolescence in both individualistic and collectivistic cultures. These associations also were invariant across child and parent gender. Moderating effects relevant to the type of prosocial behaviors under examination were identified. Authoritative parenting was associated positively with general, public, emotional, anonymous, dire, compliant, and other specific types of prosocial behaviors (e.g., sharing), but associated negatively with altruistic prosocial behaviors. Authoritarian parenting was associated negatively with general and altruistic prosocial behaviors, but not other specific types. Moderating effects relevant to study design and informant of parenting were found. No moderating effects were identified for the informant and target of prosocial behaviors. Associations of permissive (r = −.096, p < .01) and neglecting parenting (r = −.054, p = .543) remain unclear due to insufficient number of studies and publication biases. Implications for theories, research, and practice are discussed.
Comparison of different energy response for lipolysis using a 1,060‐nm laser: An animal study of three pigs
Authors: Kwon Tae‐Rin , Kim Jong Hwan , Jang You Na , Lee Sung‐Eun , Hong Ji‐Yeon , Yoo Kwang Ho , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon‐invasive body‐sculpting procedures are becoming increasingly popular. The application of 1,060 nm of laser energy transcutaneously to hyperthermically induce the disruption of fat cells in the abdomen is a type of non‐invasive procedure.AimsThe purpose of this study was to compare the treatment results from two parameters of the same system, each with different energy output levels, in an in vivo porcine model to determine the most effective application.MethodsFemale pigs (n = 3) were used in this study. We examined the effects of the treatment using photography, ultrasonography, gross and microscopic pathology, and histological examination in order to determine the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of the procedure. Blood chemistry analysis was performed before each session to check lipid levels and to monitor for any adverse changes in markers that may indicate liver damage. Biopsies were taken and routinely processed with hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O stains to examine for tissue damage at baseline and after each treatment. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were performed to check for apoptotic‐related DNA damage.ResultsUltrasonic imaging of the same area before and after the application of 1,060 nm of laser energy at outputs of 0.9 and 1.4 W/cm2 showed that the density of the fat layer changed immediately after irradiation due to the transient heat transfer in the fat layer. Preclinical evaluation was performed to obtain comparison data on the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous fat reduction after applying the different energy outputs of 0.9 and 1.4 W/cm2.ConclusionBased on our findings, we suggest that long‐term histologic changes through the use of these devices suggest a comparative effectiveness of the treatment energy.
Platelet transfusions in haematologic malignancies in the last six months of life
Authors: Moracchini Julie , Seigeot Audrey , Angelot‐Delettre Fanny , Vienot Angélique , Aubry Régis , Daguindau Étienne , Deconinck Eric , Frache Sandra , Tiberghien Pierre 
Published: August 2020

Background and objectivesPractices in end‐of‐life platelet transfusions in haematologic malignancies are variable. Our aim was to describe the platelet transfusion burden and parameters linked to this indication in such a setting and thereby contribute to defining optimal practices.Materials and methodsFrom July 2015 to December 2016, all consecutive deceased adult patients with a haematologic malignancy receiving a platelet transfusion in the last 6 months of their life from the Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche‐Comté were included retrospectively. The outcome criteria were changes in the number of platelet transfusions, percent platelet recovery, platelet transfusion interval, reported bleeding with its grade and recipient adverse events in the last 6 months of life.ResultsAmong the 1125 patients monitored, 119 were included in our study. Bleeding prophylaxis (versus treatment) was the reason for 55% of transfusions. 18% of platelet concentrates (n = 1999) were transfused during the last two weeks of life. As death approached, the transfusion and haemorrhage burden increased (P < 0·0001 in both cases), whereas platelet recovery and transfusion interval decreased (P = 0·02 in both cases). Recipient adverse events were rare (0·6%) and of minor severity.ConclusionIn end‐of‐life transfused patients with haematologic malignancies, approaching death is associated with an increased number of platelet transfusions and bleeding events, while platelet recovery and transfusion intervals are reduced. Such findings, together with further evaluations, may contribute to informing best practices for these patients.
In vitro evaluation of delays in the adjustment of the fraction of inspired oxygen during CPAP: effect of flow and volume
Authors: Schwarz Christoph E. , Lightbody Gordon , Müller-Hansen Ingo , Arand Jörg , Poets Christian F. , Franz Axel R. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAdjusting the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) delivered to preterm infants to keep their oxygen saturation within target range remains challenging. Closed-loop automated FiO2 control increases the time infants spend within the assigned target range. The delay with which FiO2 adjustments at the ventilator result in a change in the inspired gas limits the performance of both manual and automated controls.ObjectiveTo evaluate the equilibration time (Teq) between FiO2 adjustments and changes in FiO2 reaching the patient.MethodsIn vitro determination of the delay in FiO2 adjustments at the ventilator at 5 and 8 L/min of gas flow and two different humidifier/ventilator circuit volumes (840 and 432 mL).ResultsTeq values were 31, 23, 20 and 17 s for the volume–flow combinations 840 mL+5 L/min, 840 mL+8 L/min, 432 mL+5 L/min and 432 mL+8 L/min, respectively.ConclusionThe identified delay seems clinically relevant and should be taken into account during manual and automatic control of FiO2.
Treatment outcomes of patients with MDR-TB in Nepal on a current programmatic standardised regimen: retrospective single-centre study
Authors: Ghimire Samiksha , Karki Samriddhi , Maharjan Bhagwan , Kosterink Jos G W , Touw Daan J , van der Werf Tjip S , Shrestha Bhabana , Alffenaar Jan-Willem 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to evaluate treatment in patients on current programmatic multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) regimen and verify eligibility for the 9-month regimen and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of patients with MDR-TB receiving standardised regimen at the German Nepal TB Project Clinic, Nepal, between 2014 and 2016. Eligibility for the 9-month regimen and indications for TDM were evaluated.ResultsOut of 107 available patients’ medical records, 98 were included. In this centre, the MDR-TB treatment success rates were 69.0% in 2015, 86.6% in 2016 and 86.5% in 2017. The median time to sputum smear conversion was 60 days (60–90IQR) and culture conversion was 60 days (60–90IQR). Observed side effects did not impact treatment outcomes. No difference in treatment success rates was observed between patients with predisposing risk factors and those without. Only 49% (36/74) of patients were eligible for the 9-month regimen and 23 patients for TDM according to American Thoracic Society guideline criteria.ConclusionsNepalese patients with MDR-TB on ambulatory care had good treatment outcome after programmatic treatment. Implementation of the new WHO oral MDR-TB treatment regimen may further improve treatment results. The 9-month regimen and TDM should be considered as part of programmatic care.
Pain, physical symptoms and functional assessment in progressive neurological disease in palliative care
Authors: Bužgová Radka , Kozáková Radka , Bar Michal 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of the research was to identify the most frequent symptoms of patients with progressive neurological disease (PND) in relation to their functional state. Another objective was to determine the effects of consultations with a multidisciplinary palliative team on mitigating the symptoms burden, subjective evaluation of health, disease progression and improvement of the functional state.MethodsThe interventional control study included 151 patients with PND (98 patients in the intervention group, 53 patients in the control group). The intervention group was provided with consultations of a multidisciplinary palliative team. The symptoms scale of the progressive neurological diseases quality of life was used to collect data. The patients completed the questionnaire before the provided intervention and 3 months after that.ResultsPain and fatigue were identified as the symptoms that trouble the patients the most. After the intervention, there was a determined statistically significant improvement in the evaluation of 9 out of 11 symptoms (except excretion and urination) among the patients from the intervention group compared with the control group. When assessed again, the patients from the intervention group showed an improvement with respect to six symptoms (pain, fatigue, tremor, stiffness, cramps, excretion), while the patients from the control group had six symptoms that deteriorated (drowsiness, dyspnoea, stiffness, swallowing, salivation, excretion). There was not any confirmed positive impact of the intervention on the cognitive functions of the patients.ConclusionThe provision of consultations with the multidisciplinary palliative team to patients with PND in an advanced stage of disease resulted in decreasing their symptoms burden and improving their functional state.
Complex relationship between household wealth, location of residence, road crash injury incidence and injury severity in Uganda
Authors: Kraemer John D 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundLimited evidence exists about associations between road crash injury and economic status in sub-Saharan Africa from large, population-based data sets. Existing studies generally do not incorporate fatal crashes. This study aims to understand the relationship between relative wealth and road crash injury and severity using population-representative cross-sectional data from Uganda’s 2016 Demographic and Health Survey .MethodsOne-year road crash risk was flexibly modelled as a function of wealth using fractional polynomial models, stratified by sex and rural/urban residence. Wealth was operationalised as 1/20th quantiles of the first principal component from a polychoric principal component analysis. Injury severity was coded as a three-level ordinal variable; associations with wealth were modelled with ordinal logistic regression on quintiles of relative wealth, stratified by residence.ResultsOverall, injury risk peaked in the upper middle of the wealth distribution. Rural resident injury risk increased monotonically with wealth. Urban resident risk had an upside-down U shape. Risk peaked in the distribution’s middle at about double the lowest levels. Only urban men had higher risk among the least wealthy than most wealthy (3.2% vs 1.7%; difference=1.5 percentage points, 95% CI 0.2 to 2.7). Among those with road crash injuries, greater relative wealth was associated with decreased likelihood of more severe injury (33.2 percentage points lower in the highest category than lowest, 95% CI 18.4 to 48.1) or death (5.9 percentage points, 95% CI −0.1 to 11.8) for urban residents but not rural residents.ConclusionRelationships between relative wealth and injury risk and severity are complex and different for urban and rural Ugandans.
Fruit and vegetable consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Korean adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Seong-Ah , Shin Sangah 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundDiet is an important risk factor contributing to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated metabolic co-morbidities (obesity or metabolic syndrome). This study aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and NAFLD risk according to sex among Korean adults.MethodsWe included 52 280 participants from the Health Examinees study cohort. The cumulative average intake of fruits and vegetables was estimated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to estimate relative risk (RR) and 95% CI of NAFLD according to the quintiles of fruit and vegetable consumption.ResultsDuring 4.2 years of follow-up, 2130 cases of NAFLD were documented. In women, higher consumption of fruits (RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.96) and vegetables (RR 0.71; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.88) was associated with lower NAFLD risk (p for trend=0.0106 and 0.0071, respectively). Men showed a decreasing tendency of NAFLD risk according to vegetable consumption (p for trend =0.0374). Higher total intakes of fruits and vegetables were significantly associated with lower NAFLD risk in men (RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.92, p for trend =0.0047) and women (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.93, p for trend =0.0021).ConclusionFruit intake, vegetable intake, and total fruit and vegetable intake were associated with reduced NAFLD risk. Fruit and vegetable consumption can protect against NAFLD and associated metabolic co-morbidities.