bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ligation of pol β mismatch insertion products governs the formation of promutagenic base excision DNA repair intermediates
Authors: Çağlayan Melike 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDNA ligase I and DNA ligase III/XRCC1 complex catalyze the ultimate ligation step following DNA polymerase (pol) β nucleotide insertion during base excision repair (BER). Pol β Asn279 and Arg283 are the critical active site residues for the differentiation of an incoming nucleotide and a template base and the N-terminal domain of DNA ligase I mediates its interaction with pol β. Here, we show inefficient ligation of pol β insertion products with mismatched or damaged nucleotides, with the exception of a Watson–Crick-like dGTP insertion opposite T, using BER DNA ligases in vitro. Moreover, pol β N279A and R283A mutants deter the ligation of the promutagenic repair intermediates and the presence of N-terminal domain of DNA ligase I in a coupled reaction governs the channeling of the pol β insertion products. Our results demonstrate that the BER DNA ligases are compromised by subtle changes in all 12 possible noncanonical base pairs at the 3′-end of the nicked repair intermediate. These findings contribute to understanding of how the identity of the mismatch affects the substrate channeling of the repair pathway and the mechanism underlying the coordination between pol β and DNA ligase at the final ligation step to maintain the BER efficiency.
Louis Sullivan
Authors: Siry Joseph M. 
Published: February 2020

Louis Henry Sullivan (b. 1856–d. 1924) was the first internationally recognized architect in the United States to pursue the idea of a modern architecture independent of historic styles. He was supremely gifted as a designer of architectural ornament, which was an important component of almost all his major buildings and central to his thinking about architecture as art. Sullivan was also the first American modernist to write extensively about architecture—critically, theoretically, and philosophically. His central theme was that a modern American architecture should have form that follows function, based on the model of natural organisms. Born in Boston, Sullivan studied architecture at MIT (1872–1873) and in the atelier of Émile Vaudremer at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris (1873–1874). He returned to Chicago after its Great Fire of 1871 to work initially for William Le Baron Jenney, known for his early iron-and-masonry tall office buildings. From 1880 to 1895, Sullivan was continuously associated with Dankmar Adler (b. 1844–d. 1900), whose skills in architectural engineering complemented Sullivan’s design abilities to make Adler and Sullivan one of the most extraordinary architectural partnerships in US architectural history. Sullivan was the most outstanding creative figure of the Chicago school of the 1880s and 1890s, especially in his designs for theaters and tall office buildings. After the partnership ended in 1895, Sullivan continued to design major works in New York and Chicago, although his later practice, after 1905, focused mainly on banks in small midwestern towns. His work and thought inspired a number of younger contemporaries throughout his later life, including Frank Lloyd Wright, who was Sullivan’s assistant from 1887 to 1893. From Sullivan’s lifetime through the mid-twentieth century, he was known mainly for his role as a major advocate for and practitioner of a modern American architecture not derived directly from historical styles. In this way, much of the original scholarship on Sullivan was framed according to the overarching narrative of the rise of the modern movement. In this historiographic schema, Sullivan’s work was sometimes considered an American parallel to European Art Nouveau architecture. Since the 1970s, with the rise of postmodernism in architecture, Sullivan’s ornament and his relationships to historical sources, and to Romanticism, have been revalued as a focus for scholarship. Recently, there has been study of Sullivan’s and the Chicago school’s relationships to the city’s economic, political, social, and technical history in the later nineteenth century.
Edward Durell Stone
Authors: Hunting Mary Anne 
Published: February 2020

The New York City–based modern architect Edward Durell Stone (b. 1902–d. 1978) achieved widespread success during his more than forty-year career. His enormous and prestigious output can be seen on four continents, in thirteen foreign countries, and in thirty-two states. Trained in the mid-1920s, first at Harvard University and then at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (he did not graduate), Stone never lost the Beaux-arts bent he developed as a student. The elaborate watercolors he produced as a Rotch Travelling Scholar between 1927 and 1929 are a testament to his artistic sensibility. In the early 1930s, the first of his four phases of production, Stone was intent on trying out the European aesthetic of the first-generation modernists with whom he had been impressed in the 1932 exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Disillusioned by its requisite Spartan decoration, however, he began to experiment with vernacular concepts using indigenous resources. He also absorbed the organic architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright, who became a long-term friend and “personal hero.” By the late 1950s, Stone had synthesized these experiences in his own definition of modernism, which, suitably, has been called New Romanticism due to its decorative implications, and its originality and mass appeal made him an instant celebrity. With his second wife, Maria, he learned to work the fast-growing media to disperse his architecture through print, and, even more, the emergent medium of television. By 1966, Stone was said to have in production work valued at a billion dollars. So prolific was his output that some assumed he would inherit the mantle of Wright. However, as Stone spun out ever more variations of his signature aesthetic—increasingly classical but still with a rich variety of decoration—for corporations, institutions, and governments, he accumulated criticism and sometimes downright rejection. The disparity between the mass approval and critical dismissal of his architecture is illustrated in the contrasting appellations bestowed upon him: whereas J. William Fulbright, the Democratic senator from his native state, Arkansas, baptized Stone a “populist architect,” a Washington Post architecture critic labeled him a “kitsch-monger.” By the time Stone died, memories of his good fortune had faded. Stone’s legacy remained unresolved until the turn of the 21st century when some of his aging buildings began to be reassessed—for restoration, redevelopment, or demolition. Though lost to redevelopment, his building at Two Columbus Circle in New York City generated an extensive debate about his contributions, which, paradoxically, finally gave the architect a formidable presence in the histories of modern architecture. Researchers should be cognizant that current reassessments of his buildings—for maintenance, renovation, redevelopment, or demolition—are continuing to stimulate dialogue about Stone that can be insightful and informative.
Abraham Isaac Kook
Authors: Seeman Don 
Published: February 2020

Rabbi Abraham Isaac Ha-Cohen Kook (b. 1865–d. 1935) is considered one of the most important modern Jewish thinkers and shaper of some of the most significant trends in Religious Zionism. He was the first Ashkenazi chief rabbi of Mandatory Palestine and the founder of the institutional state rabbinate, as well as an influential yeshiva known as Mercaz Ha-Rav. Rabbi Kook was known for the breadth and depth of his scholarship across all the branches of traditional Jewish scholarship, including law, philosophy, and Kabbalah as well as his appreciation for contemporary science and non-Jewish philosophy. Witnessing the disaffection or rebellion of Jewish youth from tradition, particularly among the Zionist pioneers in the Land of Israel, he devoted himself with special fervor to the attempted reconciliation of modernity with Orthodox Judaism. To this end, he developed a series of dialectical responses that often seemed to accord spiritual dignity to the characteristic features of modern consciousness—such as burgeoning nationalism and evolutionary historicism—while simultaneously subordinating them to his understanding of Jewish theological imperatives. Though he aroused suspicion and controversy among both secularists and traditionalists, Rabbi Kook was often able to gain their respect and serve as a rare bridge between their communities. Ultimately, his thought contributed to the rise of a distinctively Zionist Religious community dedicated to traditional learning and observance as well as commitment to the Zionist state building project. Though Rabbi Kook himself died in 1935, before either the Holocaust or the establishment of the State of Israel, his thinking remains a vibrant source of inspiration and controversy to this day, and is the subject of voluminous secondary literature. Rabbi Kook’s primary writings included many letters and essays published during his lifetime, but some of his most famous and influential works are the result of significant editing by various disciples, some of which took place posthumously. For a variety of reasons, R. Kook’s original notebooks were not available to scholars until the last few decades, and are now gradually leading to revisions in our understanding of his creative legacy. Despite the intellectual and political vicissitudes of classical “religious Zionism” associated with his name, popular and scholarly interest in R. Kook has only burgeoned in recent years through a spate of academic research, publication of new, more accessible Hebrew versions, and translations primarily into English. His views on prophecy, Jewish law, state building, ethics, and metaphysics remain both provocative and generative today.
Legal framework for religious activity in post-Soviet Kazakhstan: from liberal to prohibitive approaches
Authors: Podoprigora Roman 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Religious activity is a very sensitive area of government regulation in Kazakhstan. After some post-soviet years of liberalization, the government has decided to return to soviet-style relations with a large amount of attention on the control and supervision of religious areas. The Law ‘On Religious Activity and Religious Associations’ adopted in 2011 was the result of such a decision. This article analyses the legal framework for religious activity, the model of relations between state and religious associations in modern Kazakhstan, the public attitude towards regulation in the religious field, the legal and social consequences of the adoption of current law, as well as the problems of its implementation and the government’s administration of religious activity in Kazakhstan. The author reaches the conclusion that more liberal legislation and law-enforcement practice is unlikely without changes in the political system, the public attitude towards religion and views on secularity.
Effects of Bupivacaine on Opioid Patient-Controlled Intrathecal Analgesia in Chronic Pain Patients Implanted with Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Hayek Salim M , McEwan Matthew T , Veizi Elias , DeLozier Sarah J , Pogrebetskaya Mariya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCombining neuraxial opioids and local anesthetics in acute pain results in improved duration of analgesia and reduced dosages and adverse effects. Although commonly used in intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS) for chronic pain, the effectiveness of this admixture has not been examined specifically in relation to patient-controlled intrathecal analgesia (PCIA).MethodsIDDS-implanted chronic noncancer pain patients receiving opioids with bupivacaine (O + B) were randomized to receive either opioids without bupivacaine (O) or O + B in a double-blind manner, at IDDS refills, for one week and then crossed over to the other solution for another week. Primary outcome measures included numeric rating scale (NRS) pain scores before and within 30 minutes after PCIA boluses. Secondary outcome measures included average NRS scores and functional outcome measures.ResultsSeventeen patients were enrolled, and 16 patients completed the study. There were no differences in NRS scores before and after PCIA boluses between the O and O + B conditions, though pain scores improved significantly (average decrease in NRS scores: O 1.81 ± 1.47 vs O + B 1.87 ± 1.40, P = 0.688). No differences were noted in speed of onset or duration of analgesia. Although more patients subjectively preferred the O + B treatment, the difference was not statistically significant. No differences were noted in secondary outcome measures, with the exception of global impression of change having higher scores in O compared with O + B.ConclusionsAcutely removing bupivacaine from a chronic intrathecal infusion of opioids and bupivacaine in patients with chronic noncancer pain did not adversely affect PCIA effectiveness, nor did it affect speed of onset or duration of effect. These findings are divergent from those in acute pain and may have to do with study conditions and pain phenotypes.
Relationship of depressive symptoms with arterial stiffness and carotid atherosclerotic burden in the Corinthia study
Authors: Oikonomou E , Vogiatzi G , Lazaros G , Tsalamandris S , Goliopoulou A , Mystakidou V , Theofilis P , Christoforatou E , Chasikidis C , Tousoulis D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
It has been long hypothesized that emotional factors and depression may play role in the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Aim
The aim of this study was to examine the association between depression, arterial stiffness and atheromatic burden in carotid arteries.

Design and methods
Corinthia study is a cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted in subjects aged 40–99 years, inhabitants of the homonym region of Greece. Intima media thickness (IMT) was measured in the left and right common carotid artery, carotid bulb and internal carotid artery. The average of the measurements (mean IMT) and the maximum IMT were determined as the representative value of carotid atherosclerosis burden. Pulse wave velocity was used to evaluate arterial stiffness. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was used to evaluate depressive symptoms in subjects &lt;65 years and the Geriatric Depression Scale in those &gt;65 years.

Results
In this analysis, we included data from 1510 participants. In older subjects (i.e. &gt;65 years), maximum IMT was significantly increased in subjects with depression compared to those without (1.57 ± 0.97 mm vs. 1.74 ± 1.05 mm, P = 0.04). Similarly, the prevalence of atheromatic plaques was higher in subjects with depression (46% vs. 34%, P = 0.005). In the younger subgroup (&lt;65years), there was no difference in mean and maximum IMT. Pulse wave velocity was found higher in the presence of depression (8.35 ± 2.36m/s vs. 7.88 ± 1.77m/s, P = 0.007). No differences emerged for the rest of the variables assessed in the individual subgroups.

Conclusions
There is an age-dependent association between depression, arterial stiffness and carotid atheromatic burden highlighting the interplay between cardiovascular diseases and emotional status.
Quantifying and predicting the effect of anti-TNF therapy on axSpA-related fatigue: results from the BSRBR-AS registry and meta-analysis
Authors: Shim Joanna , Dean Linda E , Karabayas Maira , Jones Gareth T , Macfarlane Gary J , Basu Neil 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Effective management of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA)-related fatigue is a major unmet clinical need. Anti-TNF therapy may reduce fatigue levels, although any effect has yet to be definitively quantified and predictors of any such improvements are unknown.

Methods
The British Society of Rheumatology Register in Axial Spondyloarthritis (BSRBR-AS) prospectively recruited axSpA patients across the UK. Changes in fatigue levels (measured using the Chalder Fatigue Scale) &gt;1 year were compared between those starting anti-TNF therapy at the time of recruitment and those not. Differences between treatment groups were adjusted using propensity score matching. Results were meta-analysed with the extant literature to calculate pooled estimates. Then, among those BSRBR-AS anti-TNF commencers with clinically relevant fatigue, baseline predictors of response were investigated.

Results
Of the 998 BSRBR-AS recruits with complete fatigue data, 310 were anti-TNF commencers. At 1-year follow-up, the former group reported a mean fatigue change of −2.6 (95% CI −4.1, −1.9) points while the latter reported a mean worsening of fatigue by 0.2 points. Following propensity score adjustment, those commencing anti-TNF therapy reduced fatigue by 3.0 points compared with those not. Of those with significant fatigue and commencing anti-TNF, poor sleep quality at baseline predicted fatigue improvement. In the meta-analysis, including 1109 subjects, treatment with anti-TNF therapy resulted in a significant improvement in fatigue [Standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.36, 95% CI 0.15, 1.56].

Conclusion
Anti-TNF therapy results in a significant but modest reduction in fatigue amongst axSpA patients, with those reporting poor sleep quality most likely to report improvement. Effective management will likely require additional approaches.
CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO CT SYSTEMS USING A CHANNELIZED HOTELLING OBSERVER AND NPS METRIC
Authors: Ortenzia O , D’Alessio A , Noferini L , Ghetti C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We investigated the performances of two computed tomography (CT) systems produced by the same manufacturers (Somatom Flash and Edge Siemens) with different detector technologies (Ultrafast Ceramic and Stellar) and different generation of iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms (SAFIRE and ADMIRE).
A homemade phantom was scanned and the images were reconstructed with filtered back-projection (FBP) and IR algorithms. In terms of image quality, the performances of the systems were checked using the low-contrast detectability, evaluated by a Channelized Hotelling Observer (CHO), and the noise power spectrum (NPS).
The analysis with CHO showed the best performance of Edge respect to Flash system for both FBP and IR algorithms. This better behavior, which reaches 20%, has been ascribed to the Stellar detector. From the NPS analysis, the noise reduction due to Stellar detector was 57%, moreover ADMIRE algorithm preserves a more traditional CT image texture appearance versus SAFIRE due to a lower NPS peak shift.
Evaluating the environmental impact of selected chemical de-icers
Authors: Li Xiang , Van Aken Benoit , Mckenzie Erica , Zhang Huichun , Abboud Bechara , Davenport William 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this study, the environmental impacts of six commercial chloride-based de-icer products, including Rock Salt and Salt Brine, were evaluated. The nutrients, oxygen demand, heavy metal concentration, corrosion and toxicity of all six de-icers were analysed. With an assumed 500-fold dilution, the test results were compared to the public water-quality criteria. The results show that the selected chemical de-icers have little chance of severely damaging the environment and ecosystem under a normal dilution scenario. However, attention needs to be paid to small water bodies and sensitive receiving water.
Using Consensus Testing to Enhance Genomic Understanding and Teamwork in Doctoral Advanced Practice Nursing Students
Authors: McCurry Mary K. , Rudd-Arieta Margaret , Viveiros Jennifer 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Nurse educators are challenged to develop effective strategies to teach genomic content, increase communication skills, and encourage teamwork among doctoral advanced practice nursing students. Consensus testing is a collaborative learning strategy where students work together in small groups using communication and teamwork to solve problems. This descriptive survey study evaluated consensus testing as a strategy to increase doctoral students’ understanding of genomic content and provide practical experience with teamwork and collaboration in a blended course. Findings from 38 doctoral students indicated that understanding of genomic content increased as students gained practical experience with strategies for collaboration, effective teamwork, and leadership skills.
Drug Enforcement Agency 2014 Hydrocodone Rescheduling Rule and Opioid Dispensing after Surgery
Authors: Neuman Mark D. , Hennessy Sean , Small Dylan S. , Newcomb Craig , Gaskins Lakisha , Brensinger Colleen M. , Wijeysundera Duminda N. , Bateman Brian T. , Wunsch Hannah 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
In 2014, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency reclassified hydrocodone from Schedule III to Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act, resulting in new restrictions on refills. The authors hypothesized that hydrocodone rescheduling led to decreases in total opioid dispensing within 30 days of surgery and reduced new long-term opioid dispensing among surgical patients.

Methods
The authors studied privately insured, opioid-naïve adults undergoing 10 general or orthopedic surgeries between 2011 and 2015. The authors conducted a differences-in-differences analysis that compared overall opioid dispensing before versus after the rescheduling rule for patients treated by surgeons who frequently prescribed hydrocodone before rescheduling (i.e., patients who were functionally exposed to rescheduling’s impact) while adjusting for secular trends via a comparison group of patients treated by surgeons who rarely prescribed hydrocodone (i.e., unexposed patients). The primary outcome was any filled opioid prescription between 90 and 180 days after surgery; secondary outcomes included the 30-day refill rate and the amount of opioids dispensed initially and at 30 days postoperatively.

Results
The sample included 65,136 patients. The percentage of patients filling a prescription beyond 90 days was similar after versus before rescheduling (absolute risk difference, −1.1%; 95% CI, −2.3% to 0.1%; P = 0.084). The authors estimated the rescheduling rule to be associated with a 45.4-mg oral morphine equivalent increase (difference-in-differences estimate; 95% CI, 34.2–56.7 mg; P < 0.001) in initial opioid dispensing, a 4.1% absolute decrease (95% CI, −5.5% to −2.7%; P < 0.001) in refills within 30 days, and a 37.7-mg oral morphine equivalent increase (95% CI, 20.6–54.8 mg; P = 0.008) in opioids dispensed within 30 days.

Conclusions
Among patients treated by surgeons who frequently prescribed hydrocodone before the Drug Enforcement Agency 2014 hydrocodone rescheduling rule, rescheduling did not impact long-term opioid receipt, although it was associated with an increase in opioid dispensing within 30 days of surgery.

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