bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Scythian Kingdom in the Crimea in the 2nd Century BC and Its Relations with the Greek States in the North Pontic Region
Authors: Ivantchik Askold I. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The new data that have become available in the last two decades show that the Scythian Kingdom with its capital in Neapolis Scythica, which existed in the Crimea in the 2nd century BC, was much closer to Hellenistic states ruled by barbarian dynasties than to nomadic kingdom of the Scythians of the 4th century BC. At the same time, these data allow us to return in part to the old view formulated by Rostovtzeff about continuity between the Scythia of the 4th century BC and the Late Scythian Kingdom, which most researchers have rejected during the last thirty years. It turned out that this continuity existed at least at the ideological level, and the excavations at Ak-Kaya (Vishennoe) filled the chronological gap between the Scythian Kingdoms of the 4th and 2nd century BC. Apparently, Ak-Kaya became one of the political centres of the Scythians as early as the late 4th century BC, before the fall of “Great Scythia”, and the capital of the Crimean Scythians was located there before it was moved to Neapolis Scythica. In the formation of Late Scythian culture and the Late Scythian Kingdom with its capital first in Ak-Kaya and then in Neapolis Scythica, apart from the Scythian elements, sedentary Tauri took part, as well as probably the Greeks and the Hellenized population of the chorai of the Greek cities in north-western Crimea. A key role in changing the character of Scythian culture was apparently played by a change in its economic-cultural type and the transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled agriculture. This article proposes a new interpretation of the inscription on the mausoleum of Argotas, discovered in Neapolis Scythica in 1999. Argotas was probably not a Scythian, but a Greek, despite his Scythian name. This Bosporan aristocrat with Scythian family ties married the widowed Bosporan queen Kamasarya in the second quarter of the 2nd century BC and is mentioned as her husband in the inscription CIRB 75. He played an important role in governing the Bosporan Kingdom and in protecting it against attacks from the East. Then, most likely after the death of Kamasarya, he moved to the neighbouring kingdom of the Scythians, where he became one of the leading generals, the right-hand man of the king and the tutor to his children. After his death in ca. 130-125 BC, he received from King Skiluros unprecedented honours – a heroon in front of the facade of the royal palace was erected for him and, moreover, this was the only truly Greek building in Neapolis Scythica: it was built in accordance with the rules of the architectural order and decorated with Greek statues and reliefs, as well as a metric epitaph with numerous Homeric forms and expressions.
Aesthetics of Muslim-ness: Art and the Formation of Muslim Identity Politics
Authors: Alhourani Ala Rabiha 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe paper explores two opposing yet simultaneous forces of aesthetics as transformative and constitutive force of Muslim identity politics, religiosity and cultural style in Cape Town The ethnography focuses on Muslim artists in Cape Town, namely Thania Petersen and twin brothers Hasan and Husain Essop, whose artworks embody a ‘social drama’ of a lived experience of Muslims’ ongoing individual and collective active engagement with and appropriation of the plurality of competing discourses that are religious and secular, local and global. The discussion unpacks the ways in which the artworks of Petersen and the Essop brothers serve as a transformative force and as a politic of authenticity to Muslim identity, religiosity, and cultural style. The paper offers an appreciative but critical reading of Talal Asad’s idea of an anthropology of Islam. Taking into consideration the incommensurable diversity and internal contradiction that could be conceived as Islamic discursive traditions, this paper argues that the aesthetics of Muslimness is what inspires coherence within and across diverse, contradictory Islamic traditions.
Un(der)employment in Bronze Age Egypt: Anachronism or Insight?
Authors: Warburton David A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Based on the productivity of ancient Egyptian agriculture, a discussion of economic theory, per capita GDP, economic growth, and agrarian economies through history, this paper tries to isolate the relative roles of land, labor, and grain in the economy of Ancient Egypt. There is little room for full employment in an agrarian economy; in Bronze Age Egypt the labor of a small fraction of the population would have sufficed to nourish all. Aside from services, an agrarian economy cannot expand employment much. Increasing productivity is counter-productive and none of the wealthy agrarian economies grew organically into an industrial economy. Govert van Driel pointed out that in agrarian ancient Mesopotamia there was no place for the market or silver, although both were present (as is claimed for Egypt). Overcapacity, trade, underemployment, and finance allow an understanding of the ancient economies, economics and economic growth; the impact of using modern economic thought based on production (and not economic behavior and activity) results in a flawed theory that must be revised.
Gender switch in Sidaama
Authors: Kramer Ruth , Teferra Anbessa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In Sidaama, a Highland East Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia, the majority of nouns are feminine in the plural, regardless of their gender in the singular. We refer to this as ‘gender switch’ and we investigate how best to analyze this puzzling change in morphosyntactic behavior. We compare gender switch in Sidaama to the well-studied gender switch in Somali, arguing that Sidaama is different in that it is a true morphological syncretism unrelated to the syntax of plurality. We develop an analysis of Sidaama gender switch in the framework of Distributed Morphology and show how this analysis correctly predicts that feminine is the default gender in Sidaama. Overall, the paper provides a better understanding of gender switch in Sidaama and of the relationship between gender and number generally, it contributes to the very small theoretical-linguistic literature on Sidaama, and it offers some empirical support for Distributed Morphology.
“Republic of Southern Sinophone Literature” and Its Memorandum
Authors: Han Song (Abel) , Huang Yu (Heidi) 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This essay reexamines two Sinophone literary uchronias, i.e. Malaysian Chinese (Mahua) author Ng Kim Chew’s dystopian account of the People’s Republic of Nanyang, and Hong Kong writer Dung Kai-cheung’s fabrication of the history of a disappeared street in Hong Kong. As representative pieces of Sinophone literature, these two literary uchronias not only rewrite the authors’ local histories but also bring together a critical examination of the geo-political conditions in the Sinophone sphere. Reflecting on the spatialized and materialist models of world literature studies, this essay aims to investigate the Hong Kong-Mahua link in terms of their world-making power.
“Trans-Asian Popular Aesthetics”
Authors: Jia Yan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
From 1980 to 1991, seven titles of Gulshan Nanda’s Hindi popular fiction were translated into Chinese without Western involvement, and Kaṭī pataṅg alone spawned nearly twenty adaptations in both theatrical and picture-story book forms. This essay argues that Nanda’s popular fiction contributed to China’s cultural reconstruction in the 1980s by fulfilling the previously repressed need of Chinese readers for entertaining novels that conveyed a desired moral order, by enabling Chinese translators of Indian literature to engage with the literary debate about the re-evaluation of popular literature, and by helping revitalize Chinese theatre in a time of crisis. This paper shows the complexity of transnational flows of popular literature by presenting a Trans-Asian example that relies on the melodramatic appeal of the works, their relevance to local issues, and the scholarly engagement in the host culture, rather than the author’s global stardom or the marketing strategies of multinational publishing companies.
الحداثة وتحولات الخطاب المقاصدي: نحو فقه سائل؟
Authors: المراكبي محمد 
Published: December 2019

الخلاصة
تناقش هذه الورقة التجديد الذي قام به المفكرون الإسلاميون في الخطاب المقاصدي المعاصر. وعلى الرغم من الاختلافات بينهم فإنه يمكننا رصد تطورين رئيسين: الأول: التوجه نحو عقلنة الشريعة وإقصاء الجانب التعبدي أو إلغائه، والثاني: إعادة تعيين المقاصد والتوسع في عددها وتفسيراتها. ويبين الباحث—من خلال عرض نماذج مختلفة من التفسيرات الجديدة للمقاصد—كيف أن الحداثة أثرت على الخطاب المقاصدي الجديد، لا من خلال تبنيه مفاهيم حداثية، بل من خلال اكتسابه طبيعة الحداثة السائلة، فالتحول الأهم كان في تحويل المقاصد إلى أداة مرنة وقابلة للتشكل؛ بحيث يمكن استخدامها للاقتراب من القيم الحداثية أو الابتعاد عنها على حد سواء، ومع هذه السيولة صارت المقاصد في أحيان كثيرة انعكاسًا لتحيزات الفقيه الأيدولوجية والاجتماعية والنفسية إما بصورة واعية أو غير واعية، وهو الأمر الذي يهدد البنية النسقية للفقه الإسلامي وقدرته على إحداث الضبط المجتمعي المطلوب.
Research on the Structural Rigidity Characteristics of a Reconfigurable TBM Thrust Mechanism
Authors: Xu Younan , Liu Xinjun , Xu Jiyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo improve the adaptability of TBMs in diverse geological environments, this paper proposes a reconfigurable Type-V thrust mechanism (V-TM) with rearrangeable working states, in which structural stiffness can be automatically altered during operation. Therefore, millions of configurations can be obtained, and thousands of instances of working status per configuration can be set respectively. Nonetheless, the complexity of configurations and diversity of working states contributes to further complications for the structural stiffness algorithm. This results in challenges such as difficulty calculating the payload compliance index and the environment adaptability index. To solve this problem, we use the configuration matrix to describe the relationship between propelling jacks under reconfiguration and adopt pattern vectors to describe the working state of each hydraulic cylinder. Then, both the dynamic compatible equation between propeller forces of the hydraulic cylinders and driving forces, and the kinematic harmonizing equation between the hydraulic cylinder displacements and their deformations are established. Next, we derive the stiffness analytical equation using Hooke’s law and the Jacobian Matrix. The proposed approach provides an effective algorithm to support structural rigidity analysis, and lays a solid theoretical foundation for calculating the performance indexes of the V-TM. We then analyze the rigidity characteristics of typical configurations under different working states, and obtain the main factors affecting structural stiffness of the V-TM. The results show the deviation degree of structural parameters in hydraulic cylinders within the same group, and the working status of propelling jacks. Finally, our constructive conclusions contribute valuable information for matching and optimization by drawing on the factors that affect the structural rigidity of the V-TM.
Transcriptome analysis of the almond moth, Cadra cautella, female abdominal tissues and identification of reproduction control genes
Authors: Husain Mureed , Tufail Muhammad , Mehmood Khalid , Rasool Khawaja Ghulam , Aldawood Abdulrahman Saad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe almond moth,Cadra cautellais a destructive pest of stored food commodities including dates that causes severe economic losses for the farming community worldwide. To date, no genetic information related to the molecular mechanism/strategies of its reproduction is available. Thus, transcriptome analysis ofC.cautellafemale abdominal tissues was performed via next-generation sequencing (NGS) to recognize the genes responsible for reproduction.ResultsThe NGS was performed with an Illumina Hiseq 2000 sequencer (Beijing Genomics Institute: BGI). From the transcriptome data, 9,804,804,120 nucleotides were generated and their assemblage resulted in 62,687 unigenes. The functional annotation analyses done by different databases, annotated, 27,836 unigenes in total. The transcriptome data ofC. cautellafemale abdominal tissue was submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (accession no: PRJNA484692). The transcriptome analysis yielded several genes responsible forC. cautellareproduction including sixVggene transcripts. Among the sixVggene transcripts, only one was highly expressed with 3234.95 FPKM value (fragments per kilobase per million mapped reads) that was much higher than that of the other five transcripts. Higher differences in the expression level of the sixVgtranscripts were confirmed by running the RT-PCR using gene specific primers, where the expression was observed only in one transcript it was named as theCcVg.ConclusionsThis is the first study to exploreC. cautellareproduction control genes and it might be supportive to explore the reproduction mechanism in this pest at the molecular level. The NGS based transcriptome pool is valuable to study the functional genomics and will support to design biotech-based management strategies forC. cautella.
Genome sequence of the model rice variety KitaakeX
Authors: Jain Rashmi , Jenkins Jerry , Shu Shengqiang , Chern Mawsheng , Martin Joel A. , Copetti Dario , Duong Phat Q. , Pham Nikki T. , Kudrna David A. , Talag Jayson , Schackwitz Wendy S. , Lipzen Anna M. , Dilworth David , Bauer Diane , Grimwood Jane , Nelson Catherine R. , Xing Feng , Xie Weibo , Barry Kerrie W. , Wing Rod A. , Schmutz Jeremy , Li Guotian , Ronald Pamela C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The availability of thousands of complete rice genome sequences from diverse varieties and accessions has laid the foundation for in-depth exploration of the rice genome. One drawback to these collections is that most of these rice varieties have long life cycles, and/or low transformation efficiencies, which limits their usefulness as model organisms for functional genomics studies. In contrast, the rice variety Kitaake has a rapid life cycle (9 weeks seed to seed) and is easy to transform and propagate. For these reasons, Kitaake has emerged as a model for studies of diverse monocotyledonous species.

Results
Here, we report the de novo genome sequencing and analysis of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica variety KitaakeX, a Kitaake plant carrying the rice XA21 immune receptor. Our KitaakeX sequence assembly contains 377.6 Mb, consisting of 33 scaffolds (476 contigs) with a contig N50 of 1.4 Mb. Complementing the assembly are detailed gene annotations of 35,594 protein coding genes. We identified 331,335 genomic variations between KitaakeX and Nipponbare (ssp. japonica), and 2,785,991 variations between KitaakeX and Zhenshan97 (ssp. indica). We also compared Kitaake resequencing reads to the KitaakeX assembly and identified 219 small variations. The high-quality genome of the model rice plant KitaakeX will accelerate rice functional genomics.

Conclusions
The high quality, de novo assembly of the KitaakeX genome will serve as a useful reference genome for rice and will accelerate functional genomics studies of rice and other species.
Cerebrovascular events in hemodialysis patients; a retrospective observational study
Authors: Ozelsancak Ruya , Micozkadioglu Hasan , Torun Dilek , Tekkarismaz Nihan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
This study reports findings in subjects who underwent brain imaging for any reason, and examined factors influencing cerebrovascular events (CVEs) in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods
We reviewed the files of patients on HD between January 2015 and January 2018. A total of 432 patients who underwent HD for at least 5 months by the January 2015 and who were older than 18 years were included in the study; 264 had been examined by cerebral computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging examination within the 3 years. Cerebrovascular pathology was detected in 139 of 264 patients.

Results
Of the 139 patients, 65 (24.62%) had ischemic lesions, 25 (9.47%) had hemorrhagic lesions, and 49 (18.56%) had cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). We compared recorded data and later clinical findings between patients with and those without CVEs. The cause of end-stage renal disease was diabetes in 58.5% of patients with ischemic lesions, 52% in those with hemorrhagic lesions, and 55% in those with CSVD (P < 0.05). Patients with cerebrovascular ischemia were older (P = 0.0001) and had lower serum creatinine (sCr) (P = 0.0001) and higher serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.002) levels than normal subjects. Hemorrhagic patients were older (P = 0.003) and had lower sCr (P = 0.003) and serum predialysis potassium (P = 0.003) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (P = 0.004) levels than normal subjects. Patients with CSVD were older (P < 0.0001) and had lower sCr (P < 0.0001), phosphorus (P < 0.007), and PTH (P < 0.013) and higher CRP (P < 0.002) levels than normal subjects.

Conclusions
HD patients with CVEs are older and typically have diabetes mellitus and lower sCr levels.
Diagnostic performance of 3D-multi-Echo-data-image-combination (MEDIC) for evaluating SLAP lesions of the shoulder
Authors: Wuennemann Felix , Kintzelé Laurent , Zeifang Felix , Maier Michael W. , Burkholder Iris , Weber Marc-André , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Rehnitz Christoph 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSuperior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions remain a clinical and diagnostic challenge in routine (non-arthrographic) MR examinations of the shoulder. This study prospectively evaluated the ability of 3D-Multi-Echo-Data-Image-Combination (MEDIC) compared to that of routine high resolution 2D-proton-density weighted fat-saturated (PD fs) sequence using 3 T-MRI to detect SLAP lesions using arthroscopy as gold standard.MethodsSeventeen consecutive patients (mean age, 51.6 ± 14.8 years, 11 males) with shoulder pain underwent 3 T MRI including 3D-MEDIC and 2D-PD fs followed by arthroscopy. The presence or absence of SLAP lesions was evaluated using both sequences by two independent raters with 4 and 14 years of experience in musculoskeletal MRI, respectively. During arthroscopy, SLAP lesions were classified according to Snyder’s criteria by two certified orthopedic shoulder surgeons. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 3D-MEDIC and 2D-PD fs for detection of SLAP lesions were calculated with reference to arthroscopy as a gold standard. Interreader agreement and sequence correlation were analyzed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient.Figure 1 demonstrates the excellent visibility of a proven SLAP lesion using the 3D-MEDIC and Fig. 2 demonstrates a false-positive case.ResultsArthroscopy revealed SLAP lesions in 11/17 patients. Using 3D-MEDIC, SLAP lesions were diagnosed in 14/17 patients by reader 1 and in 13/17 patients by reader 2. Using 2D-PD fs, SLAP lesions were diagnosed in 11/17 patients by reader 1 and 12/17 patients for reader 2. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 3D-MEDIC were 100.0, 50.0, 78.6, and 100.0% for reader 1; and 100.0, 66.7, 84.6, and 100% for reader 2, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 2D-PD fs were 90.9, 83.3, 90.9, and 83.3% for reader 1 and 100.0, 83.3, 91.7, and 100.0% for reader 2. The combination of 2D-PD fs and 3D-MEDIC increased specificity from 50.0 to 83.3% for reader 1 and from 66.7 to 100.0% for reader 2. Interreader agreement was almost perfect with a Cohen’s kappa of 0.82 for 3D-MEDIC and 0.87 for PD fs.ConclusionsWith its high sensitivity and NPV, 3D-MEDIC is a valuable tool for the evaluation of SLAP lesions. As the combination with routine 2D-PD fs further increases specificity, we recommend incorporation of 3D-MEDIC as an additional sequence in conventional shoulder protocols in patients with non-specific shoulder pain.
Assessment of abduction motion in patients with rotator cuff tears: an analysis based on inertial sensors
Authors: Roldán-Jiménez Cristina , Cuadros-Romero Miguel , Bennett Paul , McPhail Steven , Kerr Graham K. , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio I. , Martin-Martin Jaime 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Reduced range of motion in the shoulder can be a source of functional limitation. The use of inertial sensors to quantify movement in addition to more common clinical assessments of the shoulder may allow clinicians to understand that they are potentially unnoticed by visual identification. The aim of this study was to generate an explanatory model for shoulder abduction based on data from inertial sensors.

Method
A cross-sectional study was carried out to generate an explanatory model of shoulder abduction based on data from inertial sensors. Shoulder abduction of thirteen older adults suffering from shoulder dysfunction was recorded with two inertial sensors placed on the humerus and scapula. Movement variables (maximum angular mobility, angular peak of velocity, peak of acceleration) were used to explain the functionality of the upper limb assessed using the Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI). The abduction movement of the shoulder was explained by six variables related to the mobility of the shoulder joint complex. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to explain the results obtained on the functionality of the upper limb.

Results
The MANOVA model based on angular mobility explained 69% of the variance of the ULFI value (r-squared = 0.69). The most relevant variables were the abduction-adduction of the humerus and the medial/lateral rotation of the scapula.

Conclusions
The method used in the present study reveals the potential importance of the analysis of the scapular and humeral movements for comprehensive evaluation of the upper limb. Further research should include a wider sample and may seek to use this assessment technique in a range of potential clinical applications.
hnRNPK promotes gastric tumorigenesis through regulating CD44E alternative splicing
Authors: Peng Wei-zhao , Liu Ji-xi , Li Chao-feng , Ma Ren , Jie Jian-zheng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The high prevalence of alternative splicing among genes implies the importance of genomic complexity in regulating normal physiological processes and diseases such as gastric cancer (GC). The standard form of stem cell marker CD44 (CD44S) and its alternatives with additional exons are reported to play important roles in multiple types of tumors, but the regulation mechanism of CD44 alternative splicing is not fully understood.

Methods
Here the expression of hnRNPK was analyzed among the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort of GC. The function of hnRNPK in GC cells was analyzed and its downstream targeted gene was identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase report assay. Finally, effect of hnRNPK and its downstream splicing regulator on CD44 alternative splicing was investigated.

Results
The expression of hnRNPK was significantly increased in GC and its upregulation was associated with tumor stage and metastasis. Loss-of-function studies found that hnRNPK could promote GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The upregulation of hnRNPK activates the expression of the splicing regulator SRSF1 by binding to the first motif upstream the start codon (− 65 to − 77 site), thereby increasing splicing activity and expression of an oncogenic CD44 isoform, CD44E (has additional variant exons 8 to 10, CD44v8-v10).

Conclusion
These findings revealed the importance of the hnRNPK-SRSF1-CD44E axis in promoting gastric tumorigenesis.