bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo-Mechanical analysis of fused filament fabrication process
Authors: Manikandan N , Vignesh T , Prasath C , Ismail Mohamed 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Manufacturing industry has been revolutionized by 3D printing or Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes introduced in the late 1980s. Subsequent to intensive research, the technology is even accessed by hobbyists. A layer-by-layer deposition of a material produces a prototype in the commercialized 3-dimensional (3D) printing techniques. Among the 3D printing processes, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) or Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process is the commonly used process for prototyping, manufacturing functional parts, etc. The process involves the extrusion of a molten polymer filament sequentially through a heated nozzle in the required pattern on to a platform. The FDM process primarily depends on the thermal gradient as the deposited molten material cools, solidifies and bonds with the previous layer. This temperature gradient greatly affects the produced parts microstructure and in turn the macrostructure of the final part. Numerous attempts to experimentally characterize the thermal and mechanical properties of structures fabricated with FDM have been reported in the literature. However, few attempts have been made with 2D models to predict the thermal and mechanical behaviour of the FDM printed components. In this study, a 3D thermo-mechanical model has been developed using ANSYS® workbench using the element birth and death effect. The temperature evolution, maximum principal stress and the deformation due to the thermal gradient were calculated using the developed model. The developed Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model was tested with properties of Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) material. Through the analysis, it was shown that the model can be used as a predictive tool to understand the thermo-mechanical behaviour of FDM printed parts and also the modelling method used has a great influence on the thermal gradient of the printed parts.
A review on friction stir welding of aluminium alloys and the effects on tool geometry
Authors: Santhoshkumar S , Senthil Kumar K L , Kalil Rahiman M , Mathankumar P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a novel technique used to join similar and dissimilar alloys. Aluminium alloys of 2XXX, 6XXX and 7XXX are reviewed and presented in this paper. In FSW welding process, heat is generated during the process and workpieces are joined without melting the aluminium alloys. The tool moves along the soften surface for joining aluminium alloys. Tool materials, tool geometry, welding speed, rotational speed, axial forces are examined and the effects on welding surfaces after welding process has been analysed. Friction stir welding can be widely used in aviation, marine and vehicle body construction industries because of its mechanical properties where fusion welding process revealed deformities on the welding materials to be joined. In this review article, the recent research of friction stir joining of aluminium alloys and its applications in various industries are explicated, including the quality of weld of aluminium alloys, the evaluation on microstructure in weld nuggets, and tool wear. The conclusion of this review is unequivocally recommended that aluminium alloys are suggested for future research with numerous industrial applications..
Optimization of machining parameters in CNC turning of AA6061-B4C-CNT hybrid composites using Grey-fuzzy method
Authors: Gnanavelbabu A , Arunachalam V , Sunu Surendran K T , Rajkumar K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aluminium hybrid composites and its machining receives a great attention due to their superior properties like good strength to weight ratio, good castability, machinability, and low cost, suitable for various applications in automotive and aerospace industries. CNC turning is considered as an ideal method for machining of aluminium hybrid composites. Nevertheless, the parameters of turning of aluminium hybrid composites need to be optimized for better and precise machining. Also, the presence of solid lubricants such as Carbon nanotube, Graphite, hexagonal Boron Nitride etc. promotes the machinability of aluminium hybrid composites. In this study, CNC turning on AA6061 matrix based hybrid composites reinforced with Boron carbide (5-15 vol.%) and Carbon nanotube (15 vol.%) was performed. Cutting Speed (rpm):60-180, feed (mm/rev): 0.10-0.20, depth of cut (mm): 0.50-1.00 and percentage of B4C (vol.%) 5-15 were the controlling parameters and responses namely tangential force (N), cutting power (W) and tool wear (mm3/min) were considered for the optimization. Experimental design was made as per Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array and Grey-fuzzy analytical tool was applied for the optimization. The optimal setting for turning operation on this hybrid composite using Grey-fuzzy analysis were 120 rpm, 0.20 mm/rev, 0.5 mm and 15 vo.% for cutting speed, feed, depth of cut and reinforcement respectively.
Optimization of Abrasive Water Jet Machining Parameters on AA6061/B4C/hBN Hybrid Composites using Grey-RSM
Authors: Gnanavelbabu A , Arunachalam V , Sunu Surendran K T , Saravanan P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aluminium Matrix Hybrid Composites (AMHCs) possess an excellent combination of physical and mechanical properties suitable for a variety of applications in automobile and aerospace industries. Addition of solid lubricant hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) reduces the complexity in machining of aluminium hybrid composites. Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM) is a non-traditional technique applied for the machining of alloys and composites, due to its better cutting performances. In this work, AA6061 matrix hybrid composites reinforced with B4C (5, 10 and 15vol.%) and hBN (15vol.%) were developed through liquid metallurgy route. The composite were then machined using AWJM. Process parameters considered were abrasive flow rate, water pressure, traverse speed, percentage of reinforcement and mesh size over the responses Kerf Taper Angle (KTA) and Surface roughness (Ra). The experimental design was based on L27 orthogonal array and Grey-RSM analytical tool was applied for optimization. The optimal values of parameter setting for AWJM machining process using Grey RSM methodology were 340 g/min, 200 MPa, 60.06 mm/min, 5.01% and 80 for abrasive flow rate, water pressure, traverse speed, percentage of reinforcement and mesh size were respectively.
Thermal and nonlinear optical properties of semiorganic single crystal: L-Threonine p-nitrophenolate (LTPNP)
Authors: Mahadevan V M , Thangeeswari T , Parthipan G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The single crystal of L-Threonine 4-nitrophenolate developed by uncomplicated solution growth process. The grown crystal is analysed by using various characterization techniques. The structural analyses have been carried out by using Powder XRD method. Fourier Transform Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra analysis confirms the functional groups exist in grown crystal. The thermal steadiness of L-Threonine 4-nitrophenolate crystals analysed by Thermo-gravimetric (TG) and Differential Thermal analyses (DTA). The sharp diffraction peaks in XRD pattern confirms the well crystalline nature of the synthesized sample. TG and DTA analysis prove that the synthesized sample possess good thermal constancy up to150°C. The UV-visible absorption studies show that the crystal is clearly visible in the whole visible region of the spectrum. Kurtz -Perry powder technique and Z-scan technique reveals the excellence of the synthesized samples for non linear optical (NLO) uses.
Investigation on various construction material LECA, thermal insulated and conventional blocks
Authors: Nandhakumar R , Parthipan G , Thangeeswari T , Karthikraja S , Gangadurai B 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Among the various construction materials, LECA (light weight expanded clay aggregate) is a versatile material due to its unique properties and is utilized in many applications. LECA blocks are highly impermeable and have high performance properties. Thermal insulated blocks are well suited for high rise buildings to withstand high temperature. It requires less steel and concrete for structural members due to its lower density. The LECA is mixed with grade M30 with 50% and 100% of replacement. The molded concrete blocks were tested to determine the strength and workability of the blocks under various experimental conditions and different time periods such as 7 days and 28 days. The tests such as compression test and water absorption test were conducted. From the experimental investigation, we will be able to conclude the best among these blocks based on their strength.
Water flow controller for precision agriculture
Authors: Haritha J , Navina B , Prakash K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In recent years, water crisis in Asia is reaching an alarming proportion that might very soon attain the worldwide global crisis and there is an utmost need to save water. The water crisis occurs due to the increase of population, poor water harvesting, and water wastage in the manufacturing industries, process industries and agriculture sector. Therefore, each sector requires a mechanism to reduce the water wastage and save it for future needs. In this paper, an efficient irrigation system is designed to reduce the water wastage in agriculture fields. Due to the farmer’s irregularity and negligence, they leave the motor turned ON for several hours which will lead to wastage of water and more power consumption. Similarly, they forget to switch ON the motor, which also leads to the damage of crops due to insufficient water supply. The proposed system controls the flow of water in the fields in accordance with the intensity of sunlight and moisture content present in the soil. This system uses the microcontroller (Arduino UNO) assisted with LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), capacitive type moisture sensor and DHT 11 (temperature and humidity sensor). Based on the sunlight intensity and moisture content present in the soil, the Arduino UNO is programmed to turn ON/OFF solenoid valve connected to the pipeline that controls the flow of water in the agricultural fields. Thus the proposed system can operate automatically and supply water to the fields whenever needed without any human intrusion. Further, a Wi-Fi module ESP8266 is connected such that the solenoid valve can be operated manually through mobile phones/laptops based on the measured parameters if required.
An F-PROMETHEE technique for analysing the risk factors in green manufacturing
Authors: Bhalaji R K A , Bathrinath S , Saravanasankar S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the contemporary globalization, green manufacturing have achieved the more significance. Recently, many firms know about the importance of green because of the environmental and social concerns involved. Green manufacturing implementation is vital one for environment as well as improving the business. The goal of the green manufacturing is to protect the environment, prevent the pollution and also for waste reduction. But the adoption of green manufacturing is challenging for industrial managers because of the several risk factors involved in the firm. For the green manufacturing implementation, this paper aims to recognize and analyse the risk factors of green manufacturing and also to identify the critical alternative in Indian medical equipment manufacturing firm by using MCDM (Multi-Criteria decision making method) like F- PROMETHEE (Fuzzy Preference Ranking Organization method for Enrichment Evaluations). The outcomes of the paper will be surely useful for industrial managers for the implementation of green manufacturing in their firms.
Moisture absorption studies on Kenaf composites at various temperatures
Authors: Naveen R , Rakeshkumar C , Sanjana L , Shwetha C , Vignesh S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the world of manufacturing and production industries, composites are emerging to be the best of all the other available sources. Their lightweight, high strength, ease of manufacture and usage makes them superior to other materials. Nowadays, the applications of composites is almost everywhere. From household applications to automotive and aviation industries they are used. The composition of most composites mainly consist of glass, carbon fibers with epoxy resin, all these materials provide good mechanical properties to the composite but at the same time, they are very hard to dispose of as they are non -biodegradable. As these composites are not eco - friendly we can replace these synthetic fibers with natural fibers. Comparing different natural plant fibers, kenaf fibers show immense use in the automotive industry. Kenaf fibers are obtained from the plant kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) which is commonly called as Deccan hemp. In this paper, the kenaf fibers are studied for their flexural properties, moisture-absorbing capacity, and diffusion coefficient at different environmental and physical conditions. The weight of the fiber in the composite is varied for different percentages such as 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50. The experiments are conducted at two different temperature conditions, at 30 °C and 50 °C and the results are noted down separately. The flexural properties are tested under three conditions, at 30°C, 50°C and at the dry condition. Experimental results show that the flexural properties are optimum for 20% weight of fiber at the dry condition. The water-absorbing properties were found to be low for lower weight ratios at 30°C. The fiber exhibited good diffusion properties at 50°C for almost all weight ratio.
Toughness study of Borided, Borided and induction modified AISI 4340 steel
Authors: Sivakumar T , Prince M , Gopalakrishnan P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, pack boriding is done on AISI 4340 steel in steel containers for 3 hours at 950°C. Boriding results in the formation of FeB or Fe2B columnar microstructure at the case. Such microstructure brings about a high brittleness of the boride layer. Induction surface modification is done on Borided samples to bring down the surface hardness. We put an effort to enhance the toughness of boride layer using 30 kW power high frequency induction heat source. The toughness of borided, borided and induction surface modified specimens are evaluated by shear punch test. Cylindrical punch of 4 mm diameter is used in this test. The toughness is calculated from the load-displacement curve. Induction modified specimens exhibit 38% improvement in toughness as compared with borided specimens. This improvement in toughness may be due to blunting of acicular boride structure in to a globular structure at the interface, smooth hardness gradient and formation of single phase Fe2B microstructure as a result of induction surface modification.
Processing and wear properties of aluminium surface composites using friction stir processing
Authors: Thangarasu A , Murugan N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Friction stir processing (FSP) was employed to fabricate Aluminium Surface Composites (SC) by reinforcing boron carbide (B4C) particles with AA6082 aluminium matrix alloy. The role of reinforced particles on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of the prepared surface composites was studied. The microstructure of the produced composite was examined utilising optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The micrographs of the processed zone revealed fine grains and uniform dissemination of B4C particles with good interfacial bonding. Microhardness and wear resistance tests were conducted on the matrix alloy, FSPed matrix and produced surfaced composites with the different volume fraction of B4C particles. The microhardness and wear resistance showed the higher values compared to aluminium matrix and friction stir processed aluminium without B4C particulates. It was seen that the wear resistance of the FSPed surface composite was improved significantly as compared to that of the AA6082 matrix alloy.
Numerical study on Longitudinal control of Cessna 172 Skyhawk aircraft by Tail arm length
Authors: Vadivelu P , Lakshmanan D , Naveen R , Mathivannan K , Yoges Kumar G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper covers a new method of longitudinally controlling an aircraft by changing the horizontal tail arm length, without the conventional control surface called ‘elevator’. The effects of changing horizontal tail arm length from its steady level trimmed condition are determined numerically for the chosen Cessna aircraft. From the numerical calculations, the possibilities of implementing this type of control in the chosen Cessna aircraft are analyzed. At last, some recommendations are suggested for the effective longitudinal control of the Cessna aircraft by changing horizontal tail arm length. Further, it is also suggested that employing both elevator control and tail arm length control together will make an aircraft to meet any kind of longitudinal controllability and stability requirement at any instant. This optimal aircraft configuration can be achieved by proposing a novel configuration and morphing solutions.
Performance analysis of printed antenna on different novel substrates to enhance V2V communication in future
Authors: Susidharan N , Hamsagayathri P , Poongodi C , Shakthisandhanu S , Sivabalan R , Kaviyarashu P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In recent years, advancement in wireless technologies, communication in automotive vehicles has witnessed a tremendous growth in the market. All the sophisticated wireless services offered depends on the type of antenna used in it. The researchers in antenna community are trying very hard to improve the performance of the systems by making smaller antenna devices; however they face both scientific and technical limits. Other alternative approach is to use of novel materials for patch and substrate to adhere higher performance and better functionality. In this paper rectangular patch antenna with stepped ground structure is proposed and its radiation characteristics are analyzed for different dielectric substrates like Si3N4, Al2O3, BN, Quartz and Silica. This study will facilitate researchers to get a clear idea on the patch and substrate material that can be used for V2V applications. The proposed CNT patch antenna on Si3N4 substrate resonates at 5.9 GHz is designed and simulated results show that the minimum return loss of -37 dB is achieved with maximum gain of 6.87. In Addition, the proposed antenna also achieves an omni-directional radiation pattern with maximum radiation efficiency of 89%.
Heat Transfer in Square Porous Cavity Due to Radiation and Heat Generating Strip - Part I
Authors: Ameer Ahamad N. , Azeem  , Ahmed Ali Baig Maughal , Kamangar Sarfaraz , Anjum Badruddin Irfan , Lohith Reddy S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Investigation of heat transfer is presented due to a vertical heat generating strip inside the square porous cavity. The heat is assumed to be generated at isothermal rate at a strip inside the medium. The vertical walls of the cavity are cooled to lower temperature Tc. The two horizontal surfaces are maintained adiabatically so that heat does not cross the boundary. Finite element method is applied as a solution tool to solve the governing equations. The impact of various parameters such as heating strip length, Rayleigh number and Radiation parameter are presented in terms of temperature and streamline distribution inside the porous cavity.
Effect of Manganese Doping on Dielectric Characteristics of Lead Zirconate Titanate of Different Zirconium/Titanium Ratios
Authors: Tiwari Balgovind , Babu T. , Choudhary R.N.P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We are presenting in this work, the effect of Zr/Ti ratios on PZT ceramics modified by manganese. The studies include structural, microstructural, and dielectric properties of the samples. A solid state reaction method was used to prepare samples of PZT in different ratios of 65/35, 52/48, 35/65 modified with 0%, 2%, 6%, and 10% of manganese. Phase formation of compounds was checked by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The surface morphology of the compounds was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dielectric and electric characteristics show that Mn modification has increased the Tc and also, the values of εr whereas tangent loss is decreased.
Heat Transfer in Square Porous Cavity Due to Radiation and Heat Generating Strip - Part II
Authors: Ameer Ahamad N. , Azeem  , Ahmed Ali Baig Maughal , Kamangar Sarfaraz , Anjum Badruddin Irfan , Nagarjun Jana 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The current article discusses the effect of a small heating strip placed inside the porous medium enclosed in a square cavity. The left vertical surface is maintained at hot temperature and right vertical surface remains at cold temperature that allows the heat to be dissipated outside the system. The other two surfaces of the cavity are maintained adiabatic. A comparison is drawn between the present work and the work where the left vertical wall is maintained at cold temperature. The different parameters such as length of the heating strip inside the domain, Rayleigh number and Radiation parameters are discussed with respect to the square porous domain.
Analysis of effectiveness of power on refined numerical models of floating point arithmetic unit for biomedical applications
Authors: Dinesh Kumar J R , Ganesh Babu C , Balaji V R , Visvesvaran C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
“The technology defined today might be redefined tomorrow”- from the quotes, in the modern era redefining the architecture with the optimization of area, delay and reduction of power is focused more than fixed models. This paper describes the floating point arithmetic unit and insists the importance of it, in real time signal processing. The present trends of portable devices for medical applications need occupancy of smaller area with long span time life of battery. The bio medical signals are converted into IEEE 754 format as BIF. Hence it is easily analyzed in FPGAR devices and also this work insists the importance of redefining the architecture with reduction of critical path delay. The FPU arithmetic unit has the blocks to perform the computations like addition, Multiplication and division operation. The main architecture is constructed using top level design with individual blocks defined as a part of it. The floating point unit defined with modern FPGAR (Reconfigurable FPGA) increase the speed of computation and enables the flexibility and adopted to the hardware reconfigurable models. A 32 bit representation of IEEE 754 results of FPU is stored in the data storage and this process optimize the critical path between blocks. The way its programmed consumes lower level of power consumption in the range of 50.4 nw and delay of 25.2 ns and also modern adder structure with 6T type was used to implement the intermediate blocks of multiplier in FPU block as part of computing partial products. By this process of FPU redefining, reduce the number of slice to 206 and increase the operating frequency of 46.12 MHz.
Study of machining parameters of micro ECM on SS304 steel with nickel coated copper tool
Authors: Gnanasekaran K , Ramesh K , Jagadeesh S , Narayanamoorthy K , Elilraja Dr D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The aim of present study is to determine the optimum parameters on machining the material SS304 and nickel-coated copper tool by micro electrochemical machining. The coating process is done by an electroplating method. The parameters involved in the process are feed rate (0.5, 0.6, 0.7) duty ratio (0.6, 0.7, 0.8) voltage (16, 17, 18). Taguchi approach is used to find out the optimum machining parameter and the Minitab 17software is used to achieve better results. Copper coated tool life is improved when compared to the normal tool. The material removal rates (MRR), tapered angle, circularity, overcut are calculated by measuring the values on the video measuring machine.