bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging HST with MUSE: II. Na-abundance variations in intermediate age star clusters
Authors: Martocchia S , Kamann S , Saracino S , Usher C , Bastian N , Rejkuba M , Latour M , Lardo C , Cabrera-Ziri I , Dreizler S , Kacharov N , Kozhurina-Platais V , Larsen S , Mancino S , Platais I , Salaris M 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Ancient (&gt;10 Gyr) globular clusters (GCs) show chemical abundance variations in the form of patterns among certain elements, e.g. N correlates with Na and anticorrelates with O. Recently, N abundance spreads have also been observed in massive star clusters that are significantly younger than old GCs, down to an age of ∼2 Gyr. However, so far N has been the only element found to vary in such young objects. We report here the presence of Na abundance variations in the intermediate age massive star clusters NGC 416 (∼6.5 Gyr old) and Lindsay 1 (∼7.5 Gyr old) in the Small Magellanic Cloud, by combining Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope MUSE observations. Using HST photometry, we were able to construct ‘chromosome maps’ and separate subpopulations with different N content, in the red giant branch of each cluster. MUSE spectra of individual stars belonging to each population were combined, resulting in high signal-to-noise spectra representative of each population, which were compared to search for mean differences in Na. We find a mean abundance variation of Δ[Na/Fe] = 0.18 ± 0.04 dex for NGC 416 and Δ[Na/Fe] = 0.24 ± 0.05 dex for Lindsay 1. In both clusters, we find that the population that is enhanced in N is also enhanced in Na, which is the same pattern to the one observed in ancient GCs. Furthermore, we detect a bimodal distribution of core-helium-burning red clump (RC) giants in the UV colour–magnitude diagram of NGC 416. A comparison of the stacked MUSE spectra of the two RCs shows the same mean Na abundance difference between the two populations. The results reported in this work are a crucial hint that star clusters of a large age range share the same origin: they are the same types of objects, but only separated in age.
Can we constrain the aftermath of binary neutron star mergers with short gamma-ray bursts?
Authors: Patricelli B , Bernardini M G 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The joint observation of GW170817 and GRB170817A proved that binary neutron star (BNS) mergers are progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs): this established a direct link between the still unsettled SGRB central engine and the outcome of BNS mergers, whose nature depends on the equation of state (EOS) and on the masses of the NSs. We propose a novel method to probe the central engine of SGRBs based on this link. We produce an extended catalogue of BNS mergers by combining recent theoretically predicted BNS merger rate as a function of redshift and the NS mass distribution inferred from measurements of Galactic BNSs. We use this catalogue to predict the number of BNS systems ending as magnetars (stable or supramassive NS) or BHs (formed promptly or after the collapse of a hypermassive NS) for different EOSs, and we compare these outcomes with the observed rate of SGRBs. Despite the uncertainties mainly related to the poor knowledge of the SGRB jet structure, we find that for most EOSs the rate of magnetars produced after BNS mergers is sufficient to power all the SGRBs, while scenarios with only BHs as possible central engine seem to be disfavoured.
INTEDE: interactome of drug-metabolizing enzymes
Authors: Yin Jiayi , Li Fengcheng , Zhou Ying , Mou Minjie , Lu Yinjing , Chen Kangli , Xue Jia , Luo Yongchao , Fu Jianbo , He Xu , Gao Jianqing , Zeng Su , Yu Lushan , Zhu Feng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) are critical determinant of drug safety and efficacy, and the interactome of DMEs has attracted extensive attention. There are 3 major interaction types in an interactome: microbiome–DME interaction (MICBIO), xenobiotics–DME interaction (XEOTIC) and host protein–DME interaction (HOSPPI). The interaction data of each type are essential for drug metabolism, and the collective consideration of multiple types has implication for the future practice of precision medicine. However, no database was designed to systematically provide the data of all types of DME interactions. Here, a database of the Interactome of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes (INTEDE) was therefore constructed to offer these interaction data. First, 1047 unique DMEs (448 host and 599 microbial) were confirmed, for the first time, using their metabolizing drugs. Second, for these newly confirmed DMEs, all types of their interactions (3359 MICBIOs between 225 microbial species and 185 DMEs; 47 778 XEOTICs between 4150 xenobiotics and 501 DMEs; 7849 HOSPPIs between 565 human proteins and 566 DMEs) were comprehensively collected and then provided, which enabled the crosstalk analysis among multiple types. Because of the huge amount of accumulated data, the INTEDE made it possible to generalize key features for revealing disease etiology and optimizing clinical treatment. INTEDE is freely accessible at: https://idrblab.org/intede/
dbGuide: a database of functionally validated guide RNAs for genome editing in human and mouse cells
Authors: Gooden Alexander A , Evans Christine N , Sheets Timothy P , Clapp Michelle E , Chari Raj 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the technology's accessibility and ease of use, CRISPR has been employed widely in many different organisms and experimental settings. As a result, thousands of publications have used CRISPR to make specific genetic perturbations, establishing in itself a resource of validated guide RNA sequences. While numerous computational tools to assist in the design and identification of candidate guide RNAs exist, these are still just at best predictions and generally, researchers inevitably will test multiple sequences for functional activity. Here, we present dbGuide (https://sgrnascorer.cancer.gov/dbguide), a database of functionally validated guide RNA sequences for CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout in human and mouse. Our database not only contains computationally determined candidate guide RNA sequences, but of even greater value, over 4000 sequences which have been functionally validated either through direct amplicon sequencing or manual curation of literature from over 1000 publications. Finally, our established framework will allow for continual addition of newly published and experimentally validated guide RNA sequences for CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout as well as incorporation of sequences from different gene editing systems, additional species and other types of site-specific functionalities such as base editing, gene activation, repression and epigenetic modification.
Seeker: alignment-free identification of bacteriophage genomes by deep learning
Authors: Auslander Noam , Gussow Ayal B , Benler Sean , Wolf Yuri I , Koonin Eugene V 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent advances in metagenomic sequencing have enabled discovery of diverse, distinct microbes and viruses. Bacteriophages, the most abundant biological entity on Earth, evolve rapidly, and therefore, detection of unknown bacteriophages in sequence datasets is a challenge. Most of the existing detection methods rely on sequence similarity to known bacteriophage sequences, impeding the identification and characterization of distinct, highly divergent bacteriophage families. Here we present Seeker, a deep-learning tool for alignment-free identification of phage sequences. Seeker allows rapid detection of phages in sequence datasets and differentiation of phage sequences from bacterial ones, even when those phages exhibit little sequence similarity to established phage families. We comprehensively validate Seeker's ability to identify previously unidentified phages, and employ this method to detect unknown phages, some of which are highly divergent from the known phage families. We provide a web portal (seeker.pythonanywhere.com) and a user-friendly Python package (github.com/gussow/seeker) allowing researchers to easily apply Seeker in metagenomic studies, for the detection of diverse unknown bacteriophages.
On the founder effect in COVID-19 outbreaks: how many infected travelers may have started them all?
Authors: Ruan Yongsen , Luo Zhida , Tang Xiaolu , Li Guanghao , Wen Haijun , He Xionglei , Lu Xuemei , Lu Jian , Wu Chung-I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
How many incoming travelers (I0 at time 0, equivalent to the ‘founders’ in evolutionary genetics) infected with SARS-CoV-2 who visit or return to a region could have started the epidemic of that region? I0 would be informative about the initiation and progression of epidemics. To obtain I0, we analyze the genetic divergence among viral populations of different regions. By applying the ‘individual-output’ model of genetic drift to the SARS-CoV-2 diversities, we obtain I0 &lt; 10, which could have been achieved by one infected traveler in a long-distance flight. The conclusion is robust regardless of the source population, the continuation of inputs (It for t &gt; 0) or the fitness of the variants. With such a tiny trickle of human movement igniting many outbreaks, the crucial stage of repressing an epidemic in any region should, therefore, be the very first sign of local contagion when positive cases first become identifiable. The implications of the highly ‘portable’ epidemics, including their early evolution prior to any outbreak, are explored in the companion study (Ruan et al., personal communication).
Complementary feeding and future health in Mexico. Introduction to the XI Nestlé Nutrition Conference
Authors: Polo-Oteyza Ernestina , Gil-Zenteno Lidia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Nutrition in infancy provides an important window of opportunity to shape good health during childhood and adult life. The objective of this manuscript is to provide an introduction to the review articles that bring together the proceedings of the XI Nestlé Nutrition Conference “Complementary Feeding: A Piece of the Puzzle to Understand Future Health”. The studies and description of complementary feeding practices in Mexico, from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (ENSANUT 2012), support the urgent need for strong policy actions to promote healthy eating and appropriate complementary feeding practices. Early interventions considering a life course approach and maternal and child nutrition are essential to prevent obesity, chronic disease and to ensure better health for the Mexican population.
Development priorities: the relative benefits of agricultural growth
Authors: Monteforte Fabio , Satchi Mathan , Temple Jonathan R. W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractShould agriculture or non-agriculture be a priority for development? We revisit this question using a two-sector, three-factor dynamic model with an asymptotic balanced growth path. The model allows a forward-looking assessment of development priorities based on lifetime welfare. A comparison of sector-specific productivity gains indicates that gains in non-agriculture are often more valuable, even when agriculture is initially the largest sector in terms of employment. We discuss the robustness of this result and how international capital mobility, capital intensity, demographics, the discount rate, and taxes on profits influence investment and structural transformation.
Lower lobe lung volume reduction surgery: a case report
Authors: Al-Jaghbeer Mohammed J , Hatipoglu Umur , Murthy Sid , Meli Yvonne , Mehta Atul C 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is an option for select patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Current guidelines recommend LVRS for patients with appropriate physiology and heterogeneous distribution of emphysema predominately involving upper lobes. We present an unusual case of a 72-year-old male with an advanced COPD who suffered with recurrent exacerbations despite optimal medical management. He underwent a two-stage bilateral lower lobe LVRS for heterogeneous lower lobe emphysema via video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) approach. This resulted in a significant subjective as well as objective improvement in his pulmonary functions, 6-min walk distance and subsequent discontinuation of supplemental oxygen.
The importance of beliefs in shaping macroeconomic outcomes
Authors: Farmer Roger E A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For the past 30 years of the history of macroeconomic thought, the Indeterminacy School of Macroeconomics has used general equilibrium models with indeterminate equilibria to understand the independent role of beliefs in shaping macroeconomic outcomes. In this paper I review the most recent advances in the indeterminacy agenda, Keynesian Search Theory, and I advance that agenda by introducing self-fulfilling beliefs to a Keynesian Search Model in two different ways. One variant of the model is driven by an exogenous process for investment expenditure. If investment is exogenous, the only way to restore full employment is by replacing private investment with public investment. The second variant of the model is driven by consumer confidence. If consumer confidence is exogenous, treasury or central bank intervention in the asset markets is a more effective means of restoring full employment than fiscal policy. In either scenario, increased government consumption will not be effective at maintaining full employment in the face of permanently depressed beliefs about the value of private assets.
Spotlight on COVID-19 rapid guidance: NICE’s experience of producing rapid guidelines during the pandemic
Authors: Southall Sara , Taske Nichole , Power Eric , Desai Monica , Baillie Nick 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

This article highlights recent guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). It provides an overview of the COVID-19 rapid guidance produced since March 2020, along with an account of how the organization adapted during the pandemic, developing resources to guide practice with the limited time and evidence available. The growing COVID-19 evidence base is also considered, with reference to international initiatives supporting production of the best possible information to guide the global pandemic response.

What’s new?
Since March 2020, the NICE has developed 21 rapid guidelines with NHS England and NHS Improvement (NHSE&I) and a cross-speciality clinical group, supported by specialist societies and royal colleges. The 21 guidelines can be summarized into three groups—managing symptoms and complications, managing conditions that increase risk, and providing services during the pandemic. The rapid guidelines are part of a suite of rapid resources, including innovative technology briefings, shared learning examples and rapid evidence summaries, such as that for Vitamin D in COVID-19 (ES28).
The Economics of the Fed Put
Authors: Cieslak Anna , Vissing-Jorgensen Annette 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Since the mid-1990s, negative stock returns comove with downgrades to the Fed’s growth expectations and predict policy accommodations. Textual analysis of FOMC documents reveals that policy makers pay attention to the stock market. The primary mechanism is their concern with the consumption wealth effect, with a secondary role for the market predicting the economy. We find little evidence of the Fed overreacting to the market in an ex post sense (reacting beyond the market’s effect on growth expectations). Although policy makers are aware that the Fed put could induce risk-taking, moral hazard considerations appear not to significantly affect their decision-making ex ante.
DUAL-PARTICLE DOSEMETER BASED ON ORGANIC SCINTILLATOR
Authors: Miller C A , Di Fulvio A , Clarke S D , Pozzi S A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Traditionally available handheld dosemeters are generally sensitive to only one type of radiation: neutrons or photons. Some dosemeters also rely on very specific attenuation correlations between response and dose, are not scalable in size and multiple dosemeters are required to characterise mixed-particle fields. The research presented here serves as a proof-of-concept for a method to simultaneously measure dose rates from neutrons and photons using a particle discriminating organic scintillation detector without the need for spectral deconvolution. The method was compared with traditional instruments and to simulation. Isotopic photon dose rates measured with this method were within 4% of simulated truth, whereas fission spectrum neutron dose rates were measured within 21%. Measurements of dose rates from both particles agree with simulated truth better than traditional instruments. This new method allows for measurement of dose equivalent from both neutrons and photons with a single instrument and no reliance on spectral deconvolution.
The Presumption of Safety Tested: The Use of Country of Origin Information in the National Designation of Safe Countries of Origin
Authors: Vogelaar Femke 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The article examines the process of evidentiary assessment of Country of Origin Information (COI) by policy-makers. It particularly focuses on the evidentiary assessment of COI by the UK and the Netherlands in their decisions to designate Albania and Kosovo as Safe Countries of Origin (SCO). The article assesses the COI standards laid down in the European Asylum Support Office’s (EASO) Country of Origin Information Report Methodology, and whether, and how, these standards are applied by the UK and the Netherlands. The analysis shows that the UK and the Netherlands have in practice not given proper meaning to the standards in the EASO methodology. As a result, the Dutch and UK SCO policies on Albania and Kosovo lack a common and systematic approach to COI. The policies fail to show how information was assessed and why substantial weight was attached to information in the determination that there is in general no persecution in Albania and Kosovo. The analysis of the Dutch and UK SCO policies leads to the important conclusion that there is much room for the improvement of evidentiary assessment of COI at the level of the decision-maker and policy-maker, especially, with regard to the transparent presentation of the evidentiary assessment. The European Union should consider the adoption of the COI quality standards in binding EU legislation that would provide the proper basis for a common and systematic approach to COI that can truly improve convergence in asylum decision-making.
Development of Voluntary Control Over Voice-Hearing Experiences: Evidence From Treatment-Seeking and Non-Treatment-Seeking Voice-Hearers
Authors: Mourgues Catalina , Negreira Alyson M , Quagan Brittany , Mercan Nur Evin , Niles Halsey , Kafadar Eren , Bien Claire , Kamal Faria , Powers Albert R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVoluntary control over voice-hearing experiences is one of the most consistent predictors of functioning among voice-hearers. However, control over voice-hearing experiences is likely to be more nuanced and variable than may be appreciated through coarse clinician-rated measures, which provide little information about how control is conceptualized and developed. We aimed to identify key factors in the evolution of control over voice-hearing experiences in treatment-seeking (N = 7) and non-treatment-seeking (N = 8) voice-hearers. Treatment-seeking voice-hearers were drawn from local chapters of the Connecticut Hearing Voices Network, and non-treatment-seeking voice-hearers were recruited from local spiritually oriented organizations. Both groups participated in a clinical assessment, and a semi-structured interview meant to explore the types of control exhibited and how it is fostered. Using Grounded Theory, we identified that participants from both groups exerted direct and indirect control over their voice-hearing experiences. Participants that developed a spiritual explanatory framework were more likely to exert direct control over the voice-hearing experiences than those that developed a pathologizing framework. Importantly, despite clear differences in explanatory framework and distress because of their experiences, both groups underwent similar trajectories to develop control and acceptance over their voice-hearing experiences. Understanding these factors will be critical in transforming control over voice-hearing experiences from a phenomenological observation to an actionable route for clinical intervention.
The Use of HR Policies and Job Satisfaction of Older Workers
Authors: Visser Mark , Lössbroek Jelle , van der Lippe Tanja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of aging populations and policies to extend working lives, this study advances prior research by examining how job satisfaction of older workers is associated with not only own, but also coworkers’ usage of 3 human resource (HR) policies: phasing out (i.e., lighter workload, additional leave, and semi-retirement), demotion, and training. Exploiting unique, linked organization-department-employee data from the European Sustainable Workforce Survey (ESWS), hypotheses derived from the job demands-resources (JD-R) model and relative deprivation theory are tested with 3-level regression analysis. The findings show that demotees are less satisfied with their job compared to older employees who were not demoted, whereas participation in phasing out arrangements is not related to older workers’ job satisfaction. Older employees who received training are more satisfied with their job than those who did not. Moreover, in departments where coworkers participated in training, older employees who did not receive training are more satisfied than those in departments where training is unavailable or in which training is offered, but not used. Phasing out and demotion of colleagues are not associated with job satisfaction of older workers. These results are largely in line with the JD-R model, as demotion would decrease motivation and, in turn, job satisfaction, whereas training would increase job resources and motivation and, in turn, job satisfaction. This study concludes that providing training to older workers is a fruitful HR strategy for employers to stimulate job satisfaction among their older employees and facilitate longer working lives.
Prophylactic Salpingectomy for Prevention of Ovarian Cancer at the Time of Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Tomasch G. , Lemmerer M. , Oswald S. , Uranitsch S. , Schauer C. , Schütz A.-M. , Bliem B. , Berger A. , Lang P. F. J. , Rosanelli G. , Ronaghi F. , Tschmelitsch J. , Lax S. F. , Uranues S. , Tamussino K. 
Published: September 2020

(Abstracted from BJS 2020;107:519–524)
The majority of ovarian cancers are now believed to originate in the fimbriae of the fallopian tubes as serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs). Removal of the fallopian tubes (salpingectomy) has been associated with a reduced risk of developing ovarian cancer, leading to gynecologic societies recommending prophylactic salpingectomy at the time of pelvic surgery in appropriate women.
Elagolix Treatment for Up to 12 Months in Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding and Uterine Leiomyomas
Authors: Simon James A. , Al-Hendy Ayman , Archer David F. , Barnhart Kurt T. , Bradley Linda D. , Carr Bruce R. , Dayspring Thomas , Feinberg Eve C. , Gillispie Veronica , Hurtado Sandra , Kim JinHee , Liu Ran , Owens Charlotte D. , Muneyyirci-Delale Ozgul , Wang Alice , Watts Nelson B. , Schlaff William D. 
Published: September 2020

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2020;135:1313–1326)
Uterine leiomyomas affect up to 80% of reproductive-age women and are the most common benign neoplasm of the uterus. A variety of symptoms occur in approximately half of these women; the most common is heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), which can result in anemia.