bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects of Donkey Milk on Ethanol‐Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rat
Authors: Sami Masoud , Azizi Shahrzad , Kheirandish Reza , Ebrahimnejad Hadi , Alizadeh Shiva 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGastric ulcer (GU) is the most common health concern that occurs due to an imbalance between gastric protective mucosal and aggressive factors. Ethanol‐induced GU in animal models resembles the pathophysiology of human ulcers. Natural products with fewer side effects are highly requested to attenuate their GU effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effects of donkey milk against ethanol‐induced GU in rats. The male Wistar were divided into four groups, including normal control (distilled water), donkey milk (1 cm3/animal) and ranitidine (200 mg/kg). Donkey milk and ranitidine were given to rats orally daily for 10 consecutive days before induction of ulcer by ethanol. After 24 h of fasting, GU was induced by oral administration of ethanol. After an hour, the rats were sacrificed, and gastric samples were taken for pathologic analysis, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) assessments. The results showed that the severity of ethanol‐induced gastric damage was significantly reduced by donkey's milk pretreatment and then ranitidine. Reduction of ulcer score and MDA level, and also increasing GSH in the gastric tissue in comparison with other groups supports our results. This study described the gastroprotective and antioxidative effects of donkey milk that were determined with ulcer inhibition percentage.
A Quantitative Review of Natural Flood Management Research
Authors: Zhu Qiuyu , Klaar Megan , Willis Thomas , Holden Joseph 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNatural flood management (NFM), a subset of nature‐based solutions (NBS) in catchment management, attempts to utilize and mimic natural processes in the landscape to reduce flood hazards, and it has been widely applied across Europe and other regions. Despite the wide use of NFM techniques, there is a lack of quantitative evidence for the effectiveness of NFM interventions in flood reduction. This paper examined 454 NFM relevant articles over the past 30 years, and the data they contain. Word frequency and cluster analyses showed changing trends and associations among nature‐based flood mitigation research topics, including shifts from localized flood mitigation to catchment‐wide flood management strategies, and from wood‐related studies to a broader assessment of ecosystem services. Content analysis was conducted on literature directly related to NFM and NBS, revealing that research in large‐scale catchments continues to be dominated by modeling approaches. While past reviews have suggested that increased catchment scale and rainfall intensity may diminish the effectiveness of NFM, we did not find strong empirical evidence (field monitoring and modeling) for this in our systematic review, although research at large catchment scale is still lacking. By assessing the confidence in NFM studies, the paper concludes that integrated understanding of a network of combined NFM interventions at a large catchment scale is necessary for future nature‐based flood mitigation strategies.
Nanotechnology‐Enabled Targeted Protein Degradation for Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Zhao Wutong , Jiang Yongbin , Li Xiufen , Wang Hai 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTargeted protein degradation (TPD) represents an innovative therapeutic strategy that has garnered considerable attention from both academic and industrial sectors due to its promising developmental prospects. Approximately 85% of human proteins are implicated in disease pathogenesis, and the FDA has approved around 400 drugs targeting these disease‐related proteins, predominantly enzymes, transcription factors, and non‐enzymatic proteins. However, existing therapeutic modalities fail to address certain “high‐value” targets, such as c‐Myc and Ras. The emergence of proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTAC) technology has introduced TPD into a new realm. The capability to target non‐druggable sites has expanded the therapeutic horizon of protein‐based drugs, although challenges related to bioavailability, safety, and adverse side effects have constrained their clinical progression. Nano‐delivery systems and emerging TPD modalities, such as molecular glues, lysosome‐targeted chimeras (LYTACs), autophagy system compounds (ATTEC), and antibody PROTAC (AbTACs), have mitigated some of these limitations. This paper reviews the latest advancements in TPD, highlighting their applications and benefits in cancer therapy, and concludes with a forward‐looking perspective on the future development of this field.
Mobilität und Geschlecht: Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Mobilität
Authors: Kawgan-Kagan Ines 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungNachhaltige Mobilität umfasst neben ökologischen und ökonomischen Aspekten auch die soziale Dimension, um Mobilität möglichst für alle nutzbar zu machen und niemanden kategorisch auszuschließen. Insbesondere das Geschlecht einer Person hat einen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Alltag und damit auch auf die Mobilität. In diesem Beitrag werden Handlungsoptionen sowohl für die wissenschaftliche Arbeit als auch für die Praxis aufgezeigt, um Geschlechtergerechtigkeit in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Verkehrs- und Mobilitätsforschung und -praxis zu fördern und Diskriminierungen zu vermeiden.
§ 2 Vom geteilten Eigentum zum einheitlichen Eigentumsbegriff
Authors: Althammer Christoph 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDer § 903 BGB zugrunde liegende Eigentumsbegriff ist eine durch verschiedene historische Entwicklungen geprägte und gewachsene Erscheinung. Wenn in jüngerer Zeit dessen inhaltlicher Zuschnitt und insbesondere die Privatnützigkeit des Eigentums selbst wieder kritisch hinterfragt wird, was mitunter in ideologischen Auseinandersetzungen mündet, darf bei dieser Diskussion die historische Begriffsgenese nicht außer Acht bleiben. Von Interesse soll im Folgenden deswegen zum einen die Entwicklung vom „geteilten Eigentum“ zum einheitlichen Eigentumsverständnis des Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuches sein. Zum anderen soll in den Blick genommen werden, ob und inwieweit sich im modernen deutschen Sachenrecht Rudimente der eigentlich überwunden geglaubten Lehre vom geteilten Eigentum finden lassen. Der heutige Eigentumsbegriff ist dabei in den Vorentwürfen zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch Gegenstand ausführlicher Diskussion gewesen, sodass die damaligen Gedankengänge hinsichtlich seiner Berechtigung weiter als wertvolle Erkenntnisquelle gelten können.
Association between lower limb muscle strength and musculoskeletal ambulation disability symptom complex in patients with medial meniscus posterior root tears
Authors: Fukuba Mikao , Kawada Koki , Okazaki Yuki , Katayama Yoshimi , Hamada Masanori , Ozaki Toshifumi , Furumatsu Takayuki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the changes in and the relationship between lower limb muscle strength and physical function before and after medial meniscus posterior root (MMPR) repair.

Methods
Thirty-three patients who underwent MMPR repair were evaluated. Pain was evaluated with the numerical rating scale (NRS), and knee flexor/extensor muscle strength was assessed using a handheld dynamometer. Physical function was evaluated using a timed up and go (TUG) test. The NRS, knee flexor/extensor muscle strength, and TUG were compared preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The correlation of patient characteristics, NRS score, knee flexor/extensor muscle strength, and preoperative TUG with the postoperative TUG was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

Results
NRS (3.5 ± 2.1 to 0.1 ± 0.5 points), knee flexor strength (111.9 ± 50.2 to 146.7 ± 51.5 Nm), knee extensor strength (181.9 ± 92.8 to 256.9 ± 107.1 Nm), and TUG (12.3 ± 5.7 to 9.2 ± 2.2 s) all improved significantly from preoperatively to 1 year postoperatively (p < 0.001). The postoperative TUG was negatively correlated with the preoperative TUG (r = 0.578, p < 0.001), preoperative knee flexor muscle strength (r = − 0.355, p = 0.042), preoperative knee extensor muscle strength (r = − 0.437, p = 0.010), and postoperative knee extensor muscle strength (r = − 0.478, p = 0.004).

Conclusion
In patients undergoing MMPR repair, surgery and rehabilitation significantly improve lower limb muscle strength and physical function. There was a significant correlation between lower limb muscle strength and TUG, and further strengthening of the lower limb muscles from the preoperative level is desirable to improve patients’ physical function further.

Level of evidence
IV.
Quantification of indocyanine-green-enhanced fluorescence with spectrophotometry (O2C®) in low anterior rectal resection: A prospective study
Authors: Darwich I. , Demirel-Darwich S. , Weiss C. , Willeke F. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Despite spectacular visuals and the seemingly convincing rationale of using indocyanine-green-enhanced fluorescence in assessing bowel perfusion during colorectal resections, a lingering sense of subjectivity remains in the challenge of quantifying this fluorescence. This prospective study analyzed the application of O2C® spectrophotometry to quantify zones of fluorescence on the large bowel during low anterior resection.

Materials and methods
Patients receiving a low anterior resection for cancer of the mid- and lower rectum were enrolled in this observational prospective study between February 2020 and December 2022. O2C® blood-flow measurement was performed at three different zones of fluorescence intensity (optimal [O], sufficient [S], and absent [A]), visualized at the designated and already skeletonized site of colon transection. The primary end point was to assess whether the O2C® flow value exceeds 164 arbitrary units (AU) at the zone of optimal fluorescence. The secondary objective was to assess whether there were statistically significant differences in flow parameters between the three zones, thus confirming reproducibility of measurements.

Results
A total of 40 patients were enrolled in this study. Of these, 38 patients remained for statistical analysis with regard to O2C® measurement of the fluorescence zones. The O2C® flow parameter measured at the zone of optimal fluorescence was greater than 164 AU in all cases (100%, p < 0.0001). There were statistically significant differences in flow parameters measured at the three different zones of fluorescence (O-S: p < 0.0001; O-A: p < 0.0001; S-A: p = 0.0023).

Conclusion
This study proves the feasibility and reproducibility of quantifying zones of indocyanine green (ICG)-enhanced fluorescence on the bowel. All O2C® flow measurements that were collected at the zone of optimal fluorescence exceeded 164 AU, thereby adding more evidence to this value as a suggested cut-off parameter in terms of bowel perfusion.
The relationship of coping style and social support variation to glucocorticoid metabolites in wild olive baboons (Papio anubis)
Authors: Pritchard Alexander J. , Vogel Erin R. , Blersch Rosemary A. , Palombit Ryne A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Social support, via investment in relationships of importance with others, is often emphasized as a pathway towards mediating stress. The effectiveness of social support, however, can be altered by personality differences, but the physiological consequences of such covariation are still poorly explored. How do individual differences in the functioning of the stress response system mediate access to, and use of, social support? To examine this dynamic, we investigated glucocorticoids as a biomarker of energetic activation that may also be activated by chronic psychosocial stress. For this purpose, we studied a wild anthropoid primate, i.e. the olive baboon (Papio anubis), for 17 months, in Laikipia District, Kenya. We measured biomarkers of energetic activation, i.e., fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCms), to address whether individual differences in stress coping and social support were associated with variation in hormone levels across a period from 2018 to 2019. We found evidence for an association between social support and fGCm concentrations. This association had a discernable interaction between sex and social support: we found a negative association in male baboons, relative to females—who did not have a pronounced effect. Our findings emphasize the importance of social support in male baboons. The cost of not having diverse bonds, has been downplayed in male baboons.
Survival and space use of a restocked Iberian rabbit population in a semi-natural enclosure
Authors: Encarnação Cláudia , Sabino-Marques Helena , Pinheiro Paula , Alves Paulo Célio , Mira António 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Restocking is widely used to recover depleted wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, populations in the Iberian Peninsula. However, in general, it’s costly and unsuccessful. In this work, we developed a wild rabbit restocking protocol based on recommendations from existing literature to enhance its success. We released 75 Iberian rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus, in a 1.7-ha restocking park, a fenced semi-natural enclosure, with similar resources as the surrounding area, in Monchique, southern Portugal. We tracked 22 radio-collared rabbits (sex ratio 1:1) for 6 months. We released some rabbits inside warrens, and others in shrub patches. After a 72-day acclimation period, we opened the restocking park passages to allow the rabbits to disperse. We then accessed rabbit survival and space use. We found that survival rates stabilised 74 days after restocking, with an estimated probability of survival at the end of the study of 35.4%. Predation by birds of prey was the primary cause of death. Regarding space use, the restocked population took 96.364 ± SE 12.615 days to stabilise home ranges. After the acclimation period, the maximum distances travelled by rabbits significantly increased. However, before and after the opening of the passages, the home ranges remained within the limits of the restocking park, indicating that the surviving rabbits settled within the enclosure. Rabbits released within warrens had significantly smaller core areas, while those released in shrubs exhibited more ranging behaviour. Considering our findings, we recommend implementing several measures to improve similar rabbit restocking programs.
Does the positive association between social relationships and cognition continue until very old age?
Authors: Vogel Selina , Oliva y Hausmann Andrés , Zank Susanne 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn current research, social relationships are increasingly recognized for their positive associations with cognitive outcomes in older adults. One of the most vulnerable groups for cognitive decline are very old adults (80+ years). However, they are relatively underrepresented in the field. Therefore, our study aimed to test if social relationships remain a protective factor against cognitive decline in very old age, using a representative sample from the Study of Quality of Life and Well-Being in North-Rhine Westphalia (NRW80+ Study). We hypothesized that social characteristics would be positively associated with global cognition and episodic memory cross-sectionally and would predict cognitive performance two years later. 1.207 very old adults were included in the representative, cross-sectional analyses, and 639 in the panel analyses. They were aged between 80 and 103 years and showed no signs of dementia. The associations between various social aspects and cognitive functions were investigated using hierarchical linear regression, controlling for relevant sociodemographic and health characteristics. Cross-sectionally, leisure engagement was positively associated with episodic memory (β = 0.53 [0.26, 0.79], p < .01) and global cognition (β = 0.50 [0.22, 0.79], p < .01), while overall network size was positively associated with global cognition (β = 0.04 [0.02, 0.07], p < .01). In contrast, we observed no associations between baseline social relationships and cognitive functions two years later. The findings suggest that while social relationships are associated with cognitive functions in very old age, short-term protective effects such as over two years may be less robust compared to other age groups.
The Ethics of Trauma Memory
Authors: Davies R. A. , Stoneham Tom 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In well-documented cases, it is plausibly unethical to ask trauma sufferers for details relating to their trauma. We propose that the reasons are twofold: First, the details requested are not required by those asking for them; second, the request comes with potential for significant harm for the victim arising from the exchange. Requests meeting these conditions are widespread, including in predominant forms of psychotherapy, so accepting these conditions has surprising and challenging consequences for a wide range of interactions with the victims of trauma, including well-meaning ones. Given these surprising and challenging consequences, we explore what, if anything, could offset the two conditions, focusing primarily on therapeutic interactions, which are sometimes thought to have a distinctive or sui generis character. We conclude that none of the options we consider wholly off-set the two conditions, and that they are only partly off-set by insufficient research into alternatives. We outline implications for the status of treatments which require the recollection of trauma as the default kind of intervention, and for interactions with victims of trauma more broadly.
Real-World Social Reward Processes are Linked to Momentary Positive Affect in Adolescent Girls
Authors: Sequeira Stefanie L. , Griffith Julianne M. , Stanley Seah T. H. , James Kiera M. , Ladouceur Cecile D. , Silk Jennifer S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPositive peer interactions are critical for adolescent development and well-being. Showing little interest in interacting socially with peers and/or extracting little reward from positive peer interactions can be markers of social anhedonia, which impacts many youths, especially girls, with social anxiety and depressive disorders. Reduced interest or reward in peer interactions may contribute to social anxiety and depression in girls through effects on positive affect (PA), though associations between social anhedonia and momentary PA have yet to be tested. The present study used ecological momentary assessment to test such associations between real-world anticipatory social reward (i.e., interest in upcoming peer events), consummatory social reward (i.e., reward extracted from positive peer interactions), and momentary PA in a sample of 129 girls (aged 11–13 years) who were oversampled for high shy/fearful temperament, a risk factor for future social anxiety and depression. Girls reported higher PA following a more socially rewarding peer interaction, and higher PA on days they reported higher anticipatory social reward. Exploratory analyses showed that these associations were specific to PA; neither anticipatory nor consummatory social reward was associated with changes in negative affect. Findings may inform the development of clinical interventions that target social anhedonia to modify PA in youth with affective disorders.
Capnodynamic determination of end-expiratory lung volume in a porcine model of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
Authors: Törnwall Aron , Wallin Mats , Hallbäck Magnus , Lönnqvist Per-Arne , Karlsson Jacob 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The capnodynamic method, End Expiratory Lung Volume CO2 (EELV-CO2), utilizes exhaled carbon dioxide analysis to estimate End-Expiratory Lung Volume (EELV) and has been validated in both normal lungs and lung injury models. Its performance under systemic hypoxia and variations in CO2 elimination is not examined. This study aims to validate EELV-CO2 against inert gas wash in/wash out (EELV- SF6, sulfur hexafluoride) in a porcine model of stable hemodynamic conditions followed by hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO).

Methods
Ten mechanically ventilated piglets were exposed to a hypoxic gas mixture and selective pulmonary vasoconstriction. Inhalation of nitric oxide was used to reverse the pulmonary vasoconstriction. Paired recordings of EELV-CO2 and EELV-SF6, were conducted to assess their agreement of absolute values.

Results
EELV-CO2 showed a bias of + 5 ml kg− 1 compared to EELV-SF6, upper limit of agreement of 11 ml kg− 1 (95%CI: 9–13 ml kg− 1), lower limit of agreement − 1 ml kg− 1 (95%CI: -3- 0 ml kg− 1), mean percentage error 34%. Agreement between EELV-CO2 and EELV-SF6 was largely constant but was affected by progressing hypoxia and reached maximum limit of agreement after iNO exposure. Re-introduction of normoxemia then stabilized bias and limits of agreement to baseline levels.

Conclusion
EELV-CO2 generates absolute values in parallel with EELV -SF6. Stressing EELV-CO2 with hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and iNO, transiently impairs the agreement which stabilizes once normoxemia is reestablished.
Linking soil characteristics, rhizosphere microbiome composition, and plant defence reaction to apple replant disease severity
Authors: Orth Nils , Krueger Jiem , Liu Benye , Mahmoud Fatma M. , Benning Sarah , Beerhues Ludger , Schloter Michael , Boy Jens , Guggenberger Georg , Winkelmann Traud 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Apple replant disease (ARD) causes reduced growth and fruit yield and affects orchards and tree nurseries worldwide. A number of pathogens have been consistently identified as causal agents of ARD; however factors affecting disease-severity are not fully understood.

Aims
We examined five soils from German tree nurseries and apple orchards featuring different soil characteristics and replant histories. We aimed to link the plant-soil interaction to replant disease severity.

Methods
In a greenhouse experiment, young apple plants were grown for eight weeks on untreated and disinfected (control) soils. Growth parameters were recorded to evaluate the severity of ARD. The defence response of the plants was examined by expression analysis of ARD indicator genes (BIS3, B4H and ERF1B) and GC–MS-based detection of phytoalexins. The fungal and bacterial rhizosphere communities were investigated by ITS and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, respectively.

Results
After eight weeks, ARD symptoms were observed on all soils. Growth depression was highest on soils that had faced intensive apple cultivation and lowest on a soil with only one year of apple cultivation prior to the experiment. These results correlated with increases in the BIS3 expression level and the phytoalexin content in the roots. No bacteria and fungi commonly found in increased abundance in ARD soils were consistently detected in all soils.

Conclusions
Replant history influenced disease severity more than soil characteristics. ARD symptoms correlated with BIS3 expression and phytoalexin (PA) formation. PA exudation increased the relative abundance of bacterial genera with the potential ability to degrade phenolic compounds.