bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Computational Study on the Reduction Behavior of Iron Ore/Carbon Composite Pellets in Both Single and Multi-layer Bed Rotary Hearth Furnace
Authors: Dasgupta Soumyadeep , Saleem Sooraj , Srirangam Prakash , Auinger Michael , Roy Gour G. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A phenomenological model for the reduction of iron ore/carbon composite pellets in a multi-layer bed rotary hearth furnace has been developed. A single pellet model has been scaled up to a multi-pellet layer version in a computationally efficient way. The multi-layer pellet bed has been conceived as single column of identical pellets in a rectangular enclosure, assuming symmetry of the pellet bed in horizontal direction. The column walls are considered opaque with respect to heat transfer but allow heat radiation to reach the pellet surface through multiple reflections from the wall. The time-temperature-transformation and time-temperature-chemical heat absorption contours are presented to provide a better understanding of the reduction process. Finally, the net heat flux and carbon monoxide generation, emerging from the multi-layer bed system has been generated, which may be used as source and sink terms for CFD simulations in the free board of the RHF.
Microstructural Changes in Inconel 625 Alloy Fabricated by Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion Process and Subjected to High-Temperature Annealing
Authors: Gola Kewin , Dubiel Beata , Kalemba-Rec Izabela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe microstructure of the laser powder bed additively manufactured Inconel 625 in post-build stress-relief annealed condition and subsequently annealed at a temperature of 600 °C for 5, 100 and 500 h was investigated by means of light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Stress-relieved Inconel 625 exhibited fine cellular–dendritic microstructure characterized by the high dislocation density. Selected area electron diffraction studies allowed to demonstrate that already after 5 h of annealing at a temperature of 600 °C, precipitation of the γ′′ phase in the form of coherent nanoparticles occurred. With the prolongation of the duration of annealing at a temperature of 600 °C from 5 to 500 h, the gradual dissolution of intercellular areas and decrease in the dislocation density were accompanied by enhanced precipitation of the γ′′ phase nanoparticles.
Effect of reservoir pay thickness on the performance of the THAI heavy oil and bitumen upgrading and production process
Authors: Ado Muhammad Rabiu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe increasing energy demand has to be met while we transitioned to a decarbonized energy future. Heavy oil and bitumen reserves are urgently needed to be developed to ensure that a smooth transition is provided. In this work, field-scale kinetics parameters are used to study the effect of reservoir pay thickness on the performance of toe-to-heel air injection (THAI) process. Air was injected at constant rate into three different models with the thicknesses of 24 m, 16 m, and 8 m, respectively. The oil produced is slightly affected by the reservoir thickness. It is found that the lower the reservoir thickness, the larger the cumulative air-to-oil ratio (cAOR), indicating that heat loss increases with the decrease in the reservoir thickness. This trend is similar to steam-based processes. At constant air injection flux, it is found that both the cumulative oil produced and the cAOR decrease with the decrease in the reservoir thicknesses. This decrease is attributed to the decrease in the rate of heat generation in the thinner reservoirs, which in turn results in lower combustion zone temperature and thus lower temperature gradients between the reservoir and the overburden and the reservoir and the underburden. Consequently, a more general conclusion is that decreasing the air injection rate by the same factor the reservoir thickness is decreased (i.e. keeping the air injection flux constant) results in a more economical THAI process operation compared to when the air injection rate is kept constant (i.e. allowing increase in air injection flux).
Lifting the veil on the keratinocyte contribution to cutaneous nociception
Authors: Talagas Matthieu , Lebonvallet Nicolas , Berthod François , Misery Laurent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCutaneous nociception is essential to prevent individuals from sustaining injuries. According to the conventional point of view, the responses to noxious stimuli are thought to be exclusively initiated by sensory neurons, whose activity would be at most modulated by keratinocytes. However recent studies have demonstrated that epidermal keratinocytes can also act as primary nociceptive transducers as a supplement to sensory neurons. To enlighten our understanding of cutaneous nociception, this review highlights recent and relevant findings on the cellular and molecular elements that underlie the contribution of epidermal keratinocytes as nociceptive modulators and noxious sensors, both under healthy and pathological conditions.
Development of an online monitoring method for electrostatic precipitators on commercial biomass combustion plants
Authors: Alt Bastian , Klüh Daniel , Gaderer Matthias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCombustion plants based on wooden biomass as fuel can contribute to a decarbonization of the energy sector by reducing the need for fossil energy usage, which decreases the net carbon dioxide output in the atmosphere. However, the flue gas of biomass-based combustion plants contains increased amounts of particulate matter, which need to be separated before release into the environment because of legal emission limits. In medium-sized plants, electrostatic precipitators (ESP) are commonly used separators to minimize the particulate matter concentration. Due to new regulations based on the medium combustion plants directive introduced by the EU, continuous surveillance of secondary precipitation technologies like ESP has to be implemented. The method proposed in this paper focuses on the readily available current (I) and voltage (U) data of the high-voltage unit supply of an ESP to calculate the efficiency of the particle separation. Consequently, a continuous proof of function can be delivered without high cost for additional measurement equipment. This article proves the effectiveness of the method in calculating the precipitation effectiveness of the ESP. It is shown that the deviation from the separation efficiency calculated by the method and the measured efficiency is smaller than 7%. Additionally, it is necessary to define a suitable reference signal that indicates whether the combustion plant is running or not. Hence, the availability of the system can be evaluated. This method will help operators to meet legal requirements.
Diagnostic efficacy of cone beam computed tomography in paediatric dentistry: a systematic review
Authors: Horner K. , Barry S. , Dave M. , Dixon C. , Littlewood A. , Pang C. L. , Sengupta A. , Srinivasan V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine in which clinical situations it is indicated or contra-indicated to prescribe cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for paediatric patients.MethodsSystematic review of in vivo paediatric research studies of diagnostic efficacy using CBCT, with supplementary searches for guideline documents on CBCT and for systematic reviews permitting inclusion of ex vivo and adult studies.ResultsAfter screening, 190 publications were included, mostly case studies. No systematic reviews were found of in vivo paediatric research. Fourteen studies of diagnostic efficacy were identified. The supplementary searches found 18 guideline documents relevant to the review and 26 systematic reviews. The diagnostic efficacy evidence on CBCT was diverse and often of limited quality. There was ex vivo evidence for diagnostic accuracy being greater using CBCT than radiographs for root fractures. The multiplanar capabilities of CBCT are advantageous when localising dental structures for surgical planning. Patient movement during scanning is more common in children which could reduce diagnostic efficacy.ConclusionsNo strong recommendations on CBCT are possible, except that it should not be used as a primary diagnostic tool for caries. Guidelines on use of CBCT in the paediatric age group should be developed cautiously, taking into account the greater radiation risk and the higher economic costs compared with radiography. CBCT should only be used when adequate conventional radiographic examination has not answered the question for which imaging was required. Clinical research in paediatric patients is required at the higher levels of diagnostic efficacy of CBCT.
Surveying fake news: Assessing university faculty’s fragmented definition of fake news and its impact on teaching critical thinking
Authors: Weiss Andrew P. , Alwan Ahmed , Garcia Eric P. , Garcia Julieta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper reports on the results of a survey of faculty members at California State University, Northridge (CSUN) in Los Angeles, California regarding their understanding of and familiarity with the concept of fake news. With very few studies published on the attitudes of teaching faculty at universities, this study is a unique approach to the issues facing educators, knowledge creators, and information specialists. The paper examines the origins of the term “fake news”, the factors contributing to its current prevalence, and proposes a new definition. It also reports upon the attitudes that teaching faculty hold, and how they define fake news within their specific disciplines. Though nearly all surveyed faculty felt fake news was an important topic that impacted them professionally, the researchers also find that faculty across all disciplines and ranks, ages, and gender, hold widely differing conceptions of fake news. This lack of consensus may have future implications for students in particular and higher education in general and are worth exploring further.
Dynamic measurement of the fluid pressure in the tire contact area on wet roads
Authors: Löwer J. , Wagner P. , Unrau H. J. , Bederna C. , Gauterin F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe main goal of this study was the experimental investigation of the fluid pressure in the boundary region between wet grip and hydroplaning. In order to gain an insight into the processes in the tire contact area, a test setup was developed to directly measure the fluid pressure in the water film between tire and road. The fluid pressure was measured on an asphalt track for different speeds, water heights and tire patterns on an inner drum test bench. The influence of the examined parameters on the fluid pressure is clearly visible and physically plausible. Braking tests were done in order to clarify how much the fluid pressure build up influences the overall braking performance in the boundary region between wet grip and hydroplaning.
A Systematic Review of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Erectile Dysfunction After Prostatectomy and Recommendations to Guide Further Research
Authors: Wong Calvin , Louie Dennis R. , Beach Cheryl 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Erectile dysfunction is one potential complication after radical prostatectomy; often pelvic floor muscle training is offered as an intervention to improve quality of life and erectile function post-operatively.

Aim
To provide a summary of current evidence regarding the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training in the management of erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy and provide recommendations for future research.

Methods
An electronic search was conducted for relevant research studies using PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline, and PEDro. Quality of selected trials was assessed by 2 independent reviewers using the Modified Downs and Black Checklist; disagreements were resolved by consensus.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcome measure is the International Index of Erectile function (IIEF-5).

Results
9 studies of various study design were included in this review. Most studies demonstrated improvements in erectile dysfunction with pelvic floor muscle training; however, lack of methodological rigor for several studies and variability among training protocols limited interpretation of results.

Clinical Implications
Further well powered and rigorously designed randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate the effect of pelvic floor muscle training on erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy.

Strengths & Limitations
This review employed a systematic method of appraising the available evidence for pelvic floor muscle training for erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. Limited high-quality articles were identified and few conclusions could be drawn from the existing evidence.

Conclusion
Future high-quality randomized controlled trials should include strategies to improve adherence to exercise, clearly describe exercise protocols, and integrate new evidence for verbal cues and biofeedback for muscles involved in erection.
Comparative experiments of electrical conductivity from whey protein concentrates conventional film and nanofibril film
Authors: Guan Chen , He XueFei , Xu HongHua , Shao MeiLi , Ma JinYu , Gao ZiWen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe compared the electrical conductivity from two different aggregates of whey protein concentrates (WPC) film: conventional amorphous aggregation at natural pH (pH 6.5) and amyloid fibrils at a low pH (pH 2.0) far away from the isoelectric point. The two types of film fabricated by these solutions with different aggregate structures showed large variations in electrical conductivity and other properties. The WPC fibril film (pH 2.0) exhibited higher electrical conductivity than that of the conventional WPC film (pH 6.5), improved mechanical properties and oil resistance, due to varying morphology, higher surface hydrophobicity and more (absolute value) surface charge of film-forming solutions. The evidence from this study suggests that fibrilized WPC with high-ordered and β-sheets-rich structures fabricated high electrical conductivity film, which broadens the potential application of fibrils as functional bio-nanomaterials.
Regulating exclusions? Gender, development and the limits of inclusionary financial platforms
Authors: Natile Serena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDigital financial-inclusion platforms have gained increasing attention as instruments for economic growth that also contribute to development goals such as poverty reduction and gender equality. One of the most acclaimed digital financial platforms to date is M-Pesa (M for mobile,pesais Swahili for money) in Kenya – a mobile-phone-enabled money-transfer service realised via a public–private partnership between the UK's Department for International Development, Vodafone and its local partner, Safaricom. Since its launch in 2007, M-Pesa has grown at a phenomenal rate and it is now used by over 70 per cent of the Kenyan population. Bringing together socio-legal enquiry, feminist political economy analysis and post-colonial literature, this paper discusses M-Pesa's inclusionary regulatory arrangements and examines their implications for gender equality. It shows that, while these arrangements contribute to including women in the formal financial system, they fail to adopt the redistributive measures necessary to address the gendered socio-economic disadvantages that cause and reproduce financial exclusion.
Keeping schools safe from the battlefield: Why global legal and policy efforts to deter the military use of schools matter
Authors: Sheppard Bede 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article describes how schools are used for military purposes in today's conflicts. It summarizes the latest data on the practice, before explaining how the military use of schools harms students’ and teachers’ safety and impedes students’ right to education. The article concludes by examining the diverse legal and military responses to this practice, and the foundation they lay for the 2015 Safe Schools Declaration and for further action.
Facilitating Versus Inhibiting the Transmission of Drug Abuse from High-Risk Parents to Their Children: A Swedish National Study
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe seek to identify factors that facilitate or inhibit transmission of drug abuse (DA) from high-risk parents to their children. In 44,250 offspring of these parents, ascertained from a Swedish national sample for having a mother and/or father with DA, we explored, using Cox models, how the prevalence of DA was predicted by potentially malleable risk factors in these high-risk parents, their spouses and the rearing environment they provided. Analyses of offspring of discordant high-risk siblings and offspring of discordant sibling-in-laws and step-parents aided causal inference. Risk for DA in the children was associated with high-risk and married-in parental externalizing psychopathology, a range of other features of these parents (e.g., low education and receipt of welfare), and aspects of the rearing environment (e.g., neighborhood deprivation and number of nearby drug dealers). Offspring of discordant high-risk siblings, siblings-in-laws and step-parents suggested that nearly all these associations were partly causal. A multivariate analysis utilizing offspring of discordant high-risk siblings identified the six most significant potentially malleable risk factors for offspring DA: (1) criminal behavior (CB) in married-in parent, (2) community peer deviance, (3) broken family, (4) DA in high-risk parent, (5) CB in high-risk parent and (6) number of family moves. Children in the lowest decile of risk had a 50% reduction in their DA prevalence, similar to that seen in the general population. We conclude that transmission of DA from high-risk parents to children partly results from a range of potentially malleable risk factors that could serve as foci for intervention.
Vitamin C supplementation had no side effect in non-cancer, but had	anticancer properties in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Gregoraszczuk Ewa Lucja , Zajda Karolina , Tekla Joanna , Respekta Natalia , Zdybał Paweł , Such Aleksandra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Vitamin C (Vit C) has been widely used in the treatment and prevention of cancer. Nevertheless, the clinical results are still inconclusive. Using non-cancer (HOSEpiC) and cancer OVCAR-3 cells cultured in basal medium or in ovarian cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-supplemented medium, we estimated the dose-dependent effect of Vit C on sodium–ascorbate co -transporters (SVCT1, SVCT2) and g lucose transporter (GLUT1) protein expression. Additionally, the action of Vit C on cell proliferation (alamarBlue), membrane permeability (LDH assay), caspase3 activity, the selected cell cycle and apoptosis pathway, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP) protein expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity was determined. We showed different effects of Vit C on the expression of the co-transporter in non-cancer and cancer cells. In non-cancer cells, Vit C, at a pharmacological concentration, increased SVCT2 and decreased GLUT1, while the opposite effect was noted in cancer cells. In cancer cells, Vit C, in a pharmacological dose, decreased cell proliferation through an inhibitory effect on cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) (4.4-fold; p < 0.01), mainly due to the stimulatory effect on the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, such as p21 and p53 (3.2- and 2.8-fold, respectively; p < 0.001), but not caspase pathway. The tumour microenvironment caused inefficiency of the lower doses of Vit C in ovarian cancer cells. At a pharmacological dose of 1 mM, Vit C decreased PARP expression (1.5-fold; p < 0.05). We suggest that it’s nontoxic effects on non-cancer cells may be an indicator of its prophylactic use, while in a pharmacological dose Vit C should be considered a possible adjunctive drug in ovarian cancer. However, it is necessary to consider the effect of the CAF.
Climate Changes and Their Teleconnections With ENSO Over the Last 55 Years, 1961–2015, in Floods‐Dominated Basin, Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Li Hongyi , Zhong Xiaoyong , Ma Ziqiang , Tang Guoqiang , Ding Leiding , Sui Xinxin , Xu Jintao , He Yu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe relative effect of climate change and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is essential not only for understanding the hydrological mechanism over Jiangxi province in China but also for local water resources management as well as flood control. This study quantitatively researched in‐depth information on climate change in Jiangxi using the up‐to‐date “ground truth” precipitation and temperature data, the Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE, 1961–2015, 0.25°) data; analyzed the connections between ENSO and climate factors (including precipitation and temperature); and discussed the relationships between the ENSO and climate change. The main findings of this study were (1) during the period of 1961–2015, annual precipitation and temperature generally increased at a rate of 2.68 mm/year and 0.16 °C/10a, respectively; (2) the precipitation temporal trends have significant spatial differences. For example, the high precipitation increasing rates occurred in northern Jiangxi province in summer, while the large decreasing rates happened in most regions of Jiangxi province in spring; (3) an abrupt temperature change was detected around 1984, with general decreasing trends and increasing trends in 1961–1984 and 1984–2015, respectively; (4) ENSO had significant impacts on precipitation changes over Jiangxi province, for example; the El Niño events, beginning in April and May, were likely to enlarge the amounts of precipitation in the following summer, and the El Niño events beginning in October were likely to enlarge the precipitation amounts in the following spring and summer; and (5) the El Niño events, starting in the second half of the year, were likely to raise the temperature in the winter and the following spring. These findings would provide valuable information for better understanding the climate change issues over Jiangxi province.
An Empirical Model for the Dayside Magnetospheric Plasma Mass Density Derived From EMMA Magnetometer Network Observations
Authors: Del Corpo Alfredo , Vellante Massimo , Heilig Balázs , Pietropaolo Ermanno , Reda Jan , Lichtenberger János 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA local time dependent empirical model of the equatorial plasma mass density in the inner magnetosphere is derived from field line resonance (FLR) observations at the European quasi‐Meridional Magnetometer Array (EMMA). Models of the plasmasphere, plasmatrough, and plasmapause are derived separately and then combined. The whole model is limited to the local time (LT) sector 06:00‐18:00 and to the range of equatorial distances
. It is also dependent on the geomagnetic activity but only in determining the plasmapause position. It well describes the recovery phase following a plasmasphere erosion but is not intended to reproduce highly dynamical phases. The plasmasphere model is limited to the range
and predicts a mass density increase in the daytime sector (10–18 LT) which becomes more evident with increasing
(up to a factor of
2). A comparison with previous models of plasmaspheric electron density suggests that the diurnal variation is mainly contributed by the heavy ions. The plasmatrough model is limited to the range
and predicts a diurnal variation even more pronounced. Comparison with electron density models suggests that the average ion mass density can increase from
2.0 to
4–5 amu during daytime hours. An automated algorithm to search for plasmapause signatures in the radial mass density profiles derived from experimental observations is also presented. It could represent a useful space weather tool when included in a real‐time monitoring system of the plasmasphere.