bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy improvement in air‐quality forecasting using regressor combination with missing data imputation
Authors: Ozturk Ali 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a hybrid model based on regressor combination to improve the accuracy of air‐quality forecasting. The expectation‐maximization algorithm was used to impute the missing values of the dataset. The optimal hyperparameter values for the regressors were found by the grid search approach, depending on the mean absolute error (MAE), in the training session. The regressors having the minimum MAE were then globally combined for prediction. The output of the regressor with the minimum absolute error between the actual and predicted values was chosen as the prediction result of the hybrid model. The performance of the proposed model was compared with that of sequential deep learning methods, namely long short‐term memory and gated recurrent unit, in terms of MAE, mean relative error (MRE), and squared correlation coefficient (SCC) metrics. The imputed dataset was divided into training and testing subsets of different durations. According to the experimental results, our hybrid model performed better than the deep learning methods in terms of MAE, MRE, and SCC metrics, irrespective of the training data length. Furthermore, the Akaike's information criterion and the Bayesian information criterion values suggested that the quality of the hybrid model was better than that of the deep learning models.
Avian cultural services peak in tropical wet forests
Authors: Echeverri Alejandra , Karp Daniel S. , Frishkoff Luke O. , Krishnan Jaya , Naidoo Robin , Zhao Jiaying , Zook Jim , Chan Kai M. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current biodiversity crisis involves major shifts in biological communities at local and regional scales. The consequences for Earth's life‐support systems are increasingly well‐studied, but knowledge of how community shifts affect cultural services associated with wildlife lags behind. We integrated bird census data (3 years across 150 point‐count locations) with questionnaire surveys (>400 people) to evaluate changes in culturally important species across climate and land‐use gradients in Costa Rica. For farmers, urbanites, and birdwatchers alike, species valued for identity, bequest, birdwatching, acoustic aesthetics, and education were more likely to occupy wetter regions and forested sites, whereas disliked species tended to occupy drier and deforested sites. These results suggest that regional climate drying and habitat conversion in the Neotropics are likely to threaten the most culturally important bird species. This study provides a novel and generalizable pathway for assessing the effects of environmental changes on cultural services and integrating the sociocultural and ecological dimensions of biodiversity.
RpS13 controls the homeostasis of germline stem cell niche through Rho1‐mediated signals in the Drosophila testis
Authors: Wang Min , Chen Xia , Wu Yibo , Zheng Qianwen , Chen Wanyin , Yan Yidan , Luan Xiaojin , Shen Cong , Fang Jie , Zheng Bo , Yu Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesStem cell niche regulated the renewal and differentiation of germline stem cells (GSCs) in Drosophila. Previously, we and others identified a series of genes encoding ribosomal proteins that may contribute to the self‐renewal and differentiation of GSCs. However, the mechanisms that maintain and differentiate GSCs in their niches were not well understood.Materials and MethodsFlies were used to generate tissue‐specific gene knockdown. Small interfering RNAs were used to knockdown genes in S2 cells. qRT‐PCR was used to examine the relative mRNA expression level. TUNEL staining or flow cytometry assays were used to detect cell survival. Immunofluorescence was used to determine protein localization and expression pattern.ResultsHerein, using a genetic manipulation approach, we investigated the role of ribosomal protein S13 (RpS13) in testes and S2 cells. We reported that RpS13 was required for the self‐renewal and differentiation of GSCs. We also demonstrated that RpS13 regulated cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mechanistically, we showed that RpS13 regulated the expression of ribosome subunits and could moderate the expression of the Rho1, DE‐cad and Arm proteins. Notably, Rho1 imitated the phenotype of RpS13 in both Drosophila testes and S2 cells, and recruited cell adhesions, which was mediated by the DE‐cad and Arm proteins.ConclusionThese findings uncover a novel mechanism of RpS13 that mediates Rho1 signals in the stem cell niche of the Drosophila testis.
Quality of life as a predictor of time to heroin relapse among male residents following release from compulsory rehabilitation centres in Vietnam
Authors: Vuong Thu , Ritter Alison , Shanahan Marian , Ali Robert , Nguyen Nhu , Minh Khue Pham 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsQuality of life (QOL) is a relevant and quantifiable outcome of drug dependence treatment. We assessed health‐related QOL for people released from three centre‐based compulsory treatment (CCT) centres in Vietnam, using the EQ‐5D. The study aimed to examine the prognostic value of health‐related QOL in relation to time to relapse to heroin use among the participants.Design and MethodsTwo hundred and eight CCT participants with heroin dependence were interviewed at release, and at 3, 6 and 12 months post‐release. Health‐related QOL was measured with the EQ‐5D. Kaplan–Meier survival models were fitted using Cox modelling to examine the rate, timing and prediction of the number of days to heroin relapse and to examine the predictability of the health‐related QOL measures for days to relapse. Relapse was defined as first time of heroin use.ResultsThe study found a substantial relapse rate (85.6%) among participants within 12 months following release from CCT centres; the mean number of days to relapse was 57.7 (SD = 31.6). There was no statistically significant change over time in the mean values of health‐related QOL (P = 0.11). While the total index score (across the five pre‐specified EQ‐5D domains) did not have a significant effect in predicting cumulative relapse, lower scores on the Visual Analogue Scale of the EQ‐5D were significantly (P < 0.05) predictive of cumulative relapse, with adjusted hazard ratios for relapse of 0.987 (P = 0.013).Discussion and ConclusionsEQ‐5D Visual Analogue Scale score is a useful predictor of cumulative heroin relapse among participants released from CCT centres.
Adulte Form der Dermatomyositis ‐ ein Update
Authors: Schlecht Nora , Sunderkötter Cord , Niehaus Sabine , Nashan Dorothée 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie adulte Form der Dermatomyositis (DM) wird mit einer Prävalenz von 6–7 auf 100 000 Einwohner pro Jahr angegeben. Auf Grund der nachweislich steigenden Inzidenz, der häufig unterschätzen Systembeteiligung und neuer Entwicklungen zu den Myositis‐spezifischen Antikörpern (MSA) wurde diese kompakte Übersicht zur Dermatomyositis erarbeitet. Des Weiteren wird das klinische Spektrum nicht nur dermatologischer Parameter, sondern auch organischer Symptome erläutert. Die diagnostische Aufarbeitung wie auch therapeutische Regime, basierend auf der S2k‐Leitlinie und aktueller Literatur, werden präsentiert.Die Dringlichkeit einer frühen Diagnosestellung wird deutlich, zum einen da circa 30 % der DM‐Fälle assoziiert Tumoren aufweisen, Verläufe oft mit Lungenfibrose vergesellschaftet sind und die Myositis zu irreversiblen Muskelschäden führt. Die klinischen Zeichen und eine korrekte Interpretation der serologischen Befunde geben wertvolle Hinweise für die Ausprägung der DM, die Indikationsstellung für weitergehende diagnostische Maßnahmen, die Prognose und Therapiewahl.
Dyskeratosis congenita: a literature review
Authors: AlSabbagh Manahel Mahmood 
Published: September 2020

SummaryDyskeratosis congenita is a rare hereditary disease that occurs predominantly in males and manifests clinically as the classic triad of reticulate hyperpigmentation, nail dystrophy and leukoplakia. It increases the risk of malignancy and other potentially lethal complications such as bone marrow failure, lung and liver diseases. Mutations in 19 genes are associated with dyskeratosis congenita, and a fifth of the pathogenic mutations are found in DKC1, the gene coding for dyskerin. This review aims to address the clinical and genetic aspects of the disease.
Association between glycaemic outcome and BMI in Danish children with type 1 diabetes in 2000–2018: a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Ibfelt E. H. , Vistisen D. , Falberg Rønn P. , Pørksen S. , Madsen M. , Kremke B. , Svensson J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo describe the development of HbA1c and BMI over time in Danish children with type 1 diabetes; and to investigate the association between HbA1c and BMI including influence of age, gender, diabetes duration, severe hypoglycaemia and treatment method.MethodsWe used the nationwide Danish Registry of Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes, DanDiabKids, including annual registrations of all children with diabetes treated at Danish hospitals. With linear mixed‐effects models and splines we analyzed the HbA1c and BMI development over time as well as the association between HbA1c and BMI including effects of gender, age, disease duration, hypoglycaemia and treatment method. BMI z‐scores were calculated for these analyses.ResultsFor the period from 2000 to 2018, 6097 children with type 1 diabetes were identified from the DanDiabKids database. The median (interquartile range) HbA1c level was 65 (57–74) mmol/mol (8.1%) and the median BMI z‐score was 0.85 in girls and 0.67 in boys. A non‐linear association was found between HbA1c and BMI z‐score, with the highest BMI z‐score observed for HbA1c values in the range of approximately 60–70 mmol/mol (7.6–6.8%). The association was modified by gender, age and diabetes duration. Severe hypoglycaemia and insulin pump treatment had a small positive impact on BMI z‐score.ConclusionThe association between HbA1c and BMI z‐score was non‐linear, with the highest BMI z‐score being observed for intermediate HbA1c levels; however, specific patterns depended on gender, age and diabetes duration.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy in a COVID‐19‐infected woman: differential diagnosis with acute myocarditis—A case report from a Hub Institution during the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: De Vita Stefano , Ippolito Sonia , Caracciolo Maria Michela , Barosi Alberto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a healthy 35‐year‐old woman who had experienced a flu‐like syndrome during the week before childbirth and heart failure symptoms 10 days before the current hospitalization and presented to our emergency department with clinical signs of congestive heart failure, echocardiographic evidence of a severely dilated and hypokinetic heart, laboratory evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 disease, and radiologic findings consistent with both virus‐related pneumonia and heart failure. Early cardiac magnetic resonance was crucial for the diagnosis of postpartum cardiomyopathy and for the exclusion of virus‐related myocarditis, allowing us to decide on a prudent and supportive clinical approach.
The impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on hospitalization and mortality in patients with heart failure
Authors: Xu Shuo , Ye Zi , Ma Jianyong , Yuan Taiwen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have suggested that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could be predictive of the prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF), but yield conflicting findings. Therefore, we conducted a meta‐analysis to examine the impact of COPD on adverse outcomes in patients with HF.MethodsWe systematically searched the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane library from inception to August 2020 for the relevant studies. Adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were collected and then pooled by the Review Manager version 5.30 software with a random‐effects model.ResultsA total of 18 studies (6 post hoc analyses of trials and 12 observational studies) were included in this meta‐analysis. COPD was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality (hospitalized HF: RR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.20‐1.70; chronic HF: RR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.16‐1.33), but not cardiovascular mortality, in patients with hospitalized HF or chronic HF. In addition, COPD was associated with increased risks of all‐cause hospitalization (RR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.21‐1.42) and HF hospitalization (RR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.21‐1.42) in the chronic HF patients.ConclusionsCOPD comorbidity could increase the risk of all‐cause mortality of HF patients. Future research should confirm the findings on hospitalization because of the limited studies included for this outcome.
Impaired frontal‐parietal control network in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome revealed by graph theoretical analysis: A DTI study
Authors: Huang Xinfei , Chen Jianhuai , Liu Shaowei , Gong Qingkuo , Liu Tao , Lu Chao , Qin Zhan , Cui Hongliang , Chen Yun , Zhu Yongkang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is characterized by chronic pain in pelvic area and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that chronic pain was associated with the altered brain activity. However, the pathological mechanisms associated with altered brain control of CP/CPPS are not well‐understood. Therefore, we sought to investigate the topological properties of white matter brain networks in patients with CP/CPPS and whether the topological configuration of frontal‐parietal control network was disrupted. We collected 19 patients with CP/CPPS and 32 matched healthy controls (HCs). Diffusion tensor imaging data of all participates were used to map the white matter structural networks. Graph theoretical method was applied to investigate the alterations of topological properties of brain network in patients. Moreover, we also investigated whether the alerted brain regions might be correlated with any clinical features of patients by the method of Pearson correlation analysis. Both CP/CPPS patients and HCs exhibited a ‘small‐world’ behavior or economical small‐world architecture of the white matter brain networks. In addition, CP/CPPS had a lower global efficiency in the right middle frontal gyrus (orbital part) and a higher global efficiency in the left middle cingulate and paracingulate gyri. CP/CPPS also showed increased local efficiency in the left middle cingulate and paracingulate gyri and paracentral lobule. Moreover, the local efficiency of the left middle cingulate gyrus was positively correlated with the scores of the influence of symptoms on the quality of life. The local efficiency of the left precuneus and right supplementary motor area were positively correlated with the total scores of NIH‐CPSI and the scores of pain and discomfort symptoms, respectively. Together, we found that patients with CP/CPPS had alterations of connections within the frontal‐parietal control network, which suggested that the altered connectivity involved in the executive control processing procedures might contribute to the pathogenesis of the pelvic pain and LUTS in CP/CPPS. Thus these results provided new insights into the understanding of CP/CPPS.
Speech metrics, general disability, brain imaging and quality of life in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Noffs G. , Boonstra F. M. C. , Perera T. , Butzkueven H. , Kolbe S. C. , Maldonado F. , Cofre Lizama L. Euardo , Galea M. P. , Stankovich J. , Evans A. , van der Walt A. , Vogel A. P. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeObjective measurement of speech has shown promising results to monitor disease state in multiple sclerosis. In this study, we characterize the relationship between disease severity and speech metrics through perceptual (listener based) and objective acoustic analysis. We further look at deviations of acoustic metrics in people with no perceivable dysarthria.MethodsCorrelations and regression were calculated between speech measurements and disability scores, brain volume, lesion load and quality of life. Speech measurements were further compared between three subgroups of increasing overall neurological disability: mild (as rated by the Expanded Disability Status Scale ≤2.5), moderate (≥3 and ≤5.5) and severe (≥6).ResultsClinical speech impairment occurred majorly in people with severe disability. An experimental acoustic composite score differentiated mild from moderate (P < 0.001) and moderate from severe subgroups (P = 0.003), and correlated with overall neurological disability (r = 0.6, P < 0.001), quality of life (r = 0.5, P < 0.001), white matter volume (r = 0.3, P = 0.007) and lesion load (r = 0.3, P = 0.008). Acoustic metrics also correlated with disability scores in people with no perceivable dysarthria.ConclusionsAcoustic analysis offers a valuable insight into the development of speech impairment in multiple sclerosis. These results highlight the potential of automated analysis of speech to assist in monitoring disease progression and treatment response.
Advanced imaging of a histologically confirmed bone infarction of the distal tibia in a Warmblood mare
Authors: Hann M. J. , Rocchigiani G. , Verin R. , Milner P. , Robinson C. , Castro Martins M. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAn 8‐year‐old Warmblood‐cross mare presented for investigation of acute onset left hindlimb lameness. Nuclear scintigraphy identified a marked, focal, increase in radiopharmaceutical uptake in the distal aspect of the left tibia. Radiography revealed a large, oval, multi‐loculated radiolucent area within the medulla of the distal metaphysis of the left tibia. The mare was treated conservatively for 6 months but showed little improvement in the lameness so the owner elected for euthanasia. Post‐mortem computed tomographic imaging revealed a large, oval, hypoattenuating area within the distal tibia, surrounded by a thick, irregular, sclerotic border. The lesion occupied the majority of the medullary cavity but the cortical bone was unaffected. Gross and histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of a bone infarction in the medullary cavity of the distal tibia.
To what extent do governance, government funding and chief executive officer characteristics influence executive compensation in U.K. charities? Insights from the social theory of agency
Authors: Nguyen Tam Huy , Soobaroyen Teerooven 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper draws on agency theory, as extended by the social theory of agency (STA) (Wiseman, Cuevas‐Rodríguez & Gomez‐Mejia, 2012), to examine the association between governance arrangements, reliance on government funding, chief executive officer (CEO) non‐profit experience, and CEO compensation in the UK charity sector. We rely on a hand‐collected data for the largest 240 charities and find that greater trustee board diversity (specifically gender and education diversity) and the existence of a remuneration or nomination committee are positively associated to CEO compensation. The results also show that a reliance on government funding and CEO's non‐profit work experience, together with the presence of a finance/accounting expert on the audit committee are negatively associated to CEO compensation. The existence of an audit committee, internal audit function, use of specialist external auditor and CEO characteristics (gender, ethnicity and managerial experience) are not significant factors. Our findings are largely consistent with the STA's propositions. Specifically, executive compensation levels reflect the CEO's ability to work with a diverse board while a higher reliance on government funding signals the role of the State's pressures in moderating CEO compensation. Finally, in a context characterised by altruism and public benefit, financial rewards are not seen as the dominant ‘value metric’, resulting in lower compensation for CEOs previously working in the sector. Our findings have policy implications, specifically in relation to the role, composition and effectiveness of governance structures (e.g., trustee boards, audit and remuneration committees) in overseeing the design of executive compensation schemes within the charity sector.
Nutrient addition effects on chlorophyll a, phytoplankton biomass, and heterocyte formation in Lake Erie’s central basin during 2014–2017: Insights into diazotrophic blooms in high nitrogen water
Authors: Chaffin Justin D. , Stanislawczyk Keara , Kane Douglas D. , Lambrix Madeline M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) usually is the primary limiting nutrient of phytoplankton biomass, but attention towards nitrogen (N) and trace nutrients, such as iron (Fe), has surfaced. Additionally, N‐fixing cyanobacterial blooms have been documented to occur in N‐rich, P‐poor waters, which is counterintuitive from the paradigm that low N and high P promotes blooms. For example, Lake Erie's central basin has Dolichospermum blooms when nitrate concentrations are high, which raises questions about which nutrient(s) are selecting for Dolichospermum over other phytoplankton and why an N‐fixer is present in high N waters?

We conducted a 4‐year (2014–2017) study in Lake Erie's central basin to determine which nutrient (P, N, or trace nutrients such as Fe, molybdenum [Mo], and boron [B]) constrained chlorophyll concentration, phytoplankton biovolume, and nitrate assimilation using nutrient enrichment bioassays. The enriched lake water was incubated in 1‐L bottles in a growth chamber programmed at light and temperatures of in situ conditions for 4–7 days. We also quantified heterocytes when N‐fixing cyanobacteria were present.

Compared to the non‐enriched control, the P‐enriched (+P) treatment had significantly higher chlorophyll and phytoplankton biovolume in c. 75% of experiments. Combination enrichments of P with ammonium‐N, nitrate‐N, Fe, Mo, and B were compared to the +P treatment to determine secondary limitations. +P and ammonium‐N and +P nitrate‐N resulted in higher chlorophyll in 50% of experiments but higher phytoplankton biovolume in only 25% of experiments. These results show that P was the primary limiting nutrient, but there were times when N was secondarily limiting.

Chlorophyll concentration indicated N secondary limitation in half of the experiments, but biovolume indicated only N secondary limitation in 25% of the experiments. To make robust conclusions from nutrient enrichment bioassays, both chlorophyll and phytoplankton biovolume should be measured.

The secondary effects of Fe, Mo, and B on chlorophyll were low (<26% of experiments), and no secondary effects were observed on phytoplankton biovolume and nitrate assimilation. However, +P and Fe resulted in more chlorophyll than +P in experiments conducted during Dolichospermum blooms, and +P and B significantly increased the number of heterocytes in Dolichospermum. These results indicate that low Fe availability might select for Dolichospermum, and low B constrains heterocyte formation in the central basin of Lake Erie. Furthermore, these results could apply to other lakes with high N and low P where diazotrophic cyanobacterial blooms occur.