bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐density planting with lower nitrogen application increased early rice production in a double‐season rice system
Authors: Zheng Huabin , Chen Yuanwei , Chen Qimin , Li Bo , Zhang Yansheng , Jia Wei , Mo Wenwei , Tang Qiyuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh‐density planting is a strategy employed to save resources in crop production, particularly in environmentally friendly double‐season rice (Orvza sativa L.) cropping, where it promotes high grain yield and reduces required nitrogen (N) input. We conducted a field experiment in 2014–2018 to detect the combined effect of increased seedling density and reduced N input on early rice grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE). The higher basic seedling with low N input treatment (T2) had an average grain yield of 7.01 t ha−1, which was 16.3% greater than that of the control (CK). There was a strong linear relationship between grain yield and panicles m−2 (R2 = .82, P < .001). Grain yield increased significantly with above‐ground biomass before the full‐heading stage (R2 = .79, P < .001), which in turn promoted an increase in panicles m−2 (R2 = .85, P < .001). Mean agronomic efficiency (AE) in the T2 treatment was 34.3 kg kg−1 N, which was 48.1% higher than that in the CK treatment. Therefore, increasing seedling density from 62.5 to 176 seedlings number m−2 while reducing inorganic N input in the early season resulted in significantly higher grain yield in hand‐transplanted rice production. Our results indicate that dense planting with N reduction could improve early rice grain yield and enhance NUE.
Interseeding alfalfa into native grassland for enhanced yield and water use efficiency
Authors: Dhakal Madhav , West Charles P. , Villalobos Carlos , Brown Philip , Green Paul E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLivestock productivity of semiarid, native grassland is potentially enhanced by interseeding alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), but little is known of the impact on forage and N yield and water use. Two hay‐type cultivars, ‘WL 440HQ’ (WL), ‘NuMex Bill Melton’ (NuMex), and grazing‐type ‘Falcata’–‘Rhizoma’ blend (FR) were interseeded into mixtures of four native‐grass species in fall of 2015, at 36‐ and 71‐cm row spacing as high‐ and low‐density plantings, respectively. Plots were harvested periodically over 3 yr. Evapotranspiration (ET) was estimated based on rainfall and changes in soil water volume and used to calculate water use efficiency (WUE, kg of forage mass m−3 of ET). Alfalfa–grass mixtures produced 35% more forage mass and 96% greater N yield than the grass‐only stands. Narrow‐row alfalfa produced greater total forage mass than wide‐row for the first 2 yr (P < .05), but no difference between row spacings occurred by Year 3. Cultivars NuMex and WL produced greater forage mass than the short‐statured FR, especially at high density (P < .05). Alfalfa–grass mixtures increased WUE by a mean of 25% over the grass‐only stands. There was no difference between row spacings for WUE, weed biomass, and weed N mass (P > .05). The alfalfa–grass mixtures reduced weed biomass by 43% over the grass‐only stands. Interseeding alfalfa at wide row spacing enhanced forage productivity, WUE, and weed suppression relative to grass‐only stands at lower seed cost than at narrow row spacing. Adapted hay‐type alfalfa cultivars can be used to improve native‐grass pastures in rainfed, semiarid environments.
New non‐invasive approach to detect cardiac contractility using the first sound of phonocardiogram
Authors: Yamashita Koichi 
Published: January 2020

AimDuring surgery, a non‐invasive and easy‐to‐use method is required for evaluating left ventricular status. The systolic time interval, including pre‐ejection period (PEP), of left ventricle has been known to be correlated with cardiac contractility. In this study, we focused on the non‐invasive time interval from the Q wave of an electrocardiogram to the third component in the first heart sound (QS1‐3rd) and evaluated the correlation between PEP and peak differentiated left ventricular pressure (LV dp/dt).MethodsSix adult anesthetized pigs were intubated. Mechanical ventilation was started. An electrocardiogram, carotid artery blood pressure, left ventricular pressure, and phonocardiogram on the fourth left intercostal space were monitored using a polygraph system. Cardiac output was measured by the thermodilution method. Data were simultaneously measured at baseline and after the infusion of noradrenaline, nitroprusside, esmolol sulfate, and dobutamine, respectively. Data were analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient using four‐quadrant plot analysis.ResultsA total of 270 points were simultaneously measured. The QS1‐3rd showed a significant correlation with PEP (QS1‐3rd = 7.62 + 0.92 PEP; ρ = 0.91, P < 0.0001). Concordance rate was 92% between PEP and QS1‐3rd (excluded zones were set within ± 5 ms). Both PEP and QS1‐3rd showed a good correlation with LV dp/dt (LV dp/dt = 3861.3–24.4 PEP; ρ = 0.85, P < 0.0001, LV dp/dt = 3763.6–23.5 QS1‐3rd; ρ = 0.82, P < 0.0001).ConclusionThis non‐invasive and easy‐to‐use hemodynamic parameter (QS1‐3rd) could be helpful for continuous monitoring of left cardiac contraction performance.
Decomposition dynamics of dodecahedron and tetrakaidecahedron structures in methane hydrate by molecular simulations
Authors: Li Jia , Liang Zhenju , Wang Zhaoliang , Meng Guangfan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe decomposition of dodecahedron and tetrakaidecahedron in methane hydrate is studied by molecular dynamics simulation. For each single cage‐like structure, the decomposition is divided into three stages according to the different characteristics in each stage. The interaction from each part of the system to the single cage‐like structure is analyzed. The feature of hydrogen bond and the transformation in vibration density of states of oxygen during decomposition are investigated. The influences of heat flow disturbance and different initial temperature are estimated. The results show that for two different size structures, the time required by each stage is different. However, the percentage of residual hydrogen bond basically keeps the same. When decomposing, the total interaction energy to the cage‐like structure increases and the vibration density of states of oxygen in cage‐like structure converts more similar to that in liquid water. It suggests that heat flow disturbances and higher initial temperature may exacerbate the decomposition of single cage‐like structure.
Hierarchical growth of nickel oxyhydroxide on bacterial cellulose hydrogel: role of water channels in hydrogel to form hierarchical structure
Authors: Hanif Zahid , Siddiqui Mohd Farhan , Park Sung Jea 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBacterial cellulose (BC) hydrogel was used as a three‐dimensional scaffold for the hierarchical formation of nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH). The formation was completed, without the need of any external energy utilization, special apparatus, and surface modification at room temperature. A solution‐process method is utilized through controlled reaction conditions. The proposed mechanism ascribed that the abundant water channels in the BC hydrogel play a pivotal role in the formation of hierarchical NiOOH nanocoating on individual fiber while preserving the open three‐dimensional structures of BC. The composite structures in both hydrogel and freeze‐dried forms were compared using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and powder X‐ray diffractions. Furthermore, the formation mechanism was explained on the basis of spectroscopy analysis. As a final step, the formed aerogels (BC‐NiOOH) were annealed at 300°C for a particular time to transform NiOOH to hierarchical nickel oxide (NiO) on the surface of BC without any structural deformation.
Closure of the fascial defect during laparoscopic umbilical hernia repair: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Christoffersen M W , Westen M , Rosenberg J , Helgstrand F , Bisgaard T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The objective of the study was to analyse patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), seroma formation, long-term recurrence and chronic pain after closure of the fascial defect in patients undergoing laparoscopic umbilical hernia mesh repair.

Methods
This was a randomized double-blinded trial in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic umbilical hernia repair comparing sutured closure of the fascial defect before intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) repair with a no-closure IPOM repair. Postoperative pain, movement limitations, discomfort and fatigue were registered before surgery and on postoperative days 1–3, 7 and 30. Seroma formation, quality of life and cosmesis were assessed at day 30, and at 2 years of follow-up. Recurrence (clinical and reoperation) and chronic pain were assessed after 2 years.

Results
Eighty patients were randomized. Median defect sizes in closure and no-closure groups were 2·5 (range 1·5–4·0) and 2·5 (2·0–5·5) cm respectively (P = 0·895). There were no significant differences in early and late postoperative pain or in any other early or late PROMs, except for early fatigue which was higher in the closure group (P = 0·011). Seroma formation after 30 days was significantly reduced after closure (14 of 40; 35 (95 per cent c.i. 22 to 51) per cent) compared with no closure (22 of 38; 58 (42 to 72) per cent) (P = 0·043). Cumulative recurrence after 2 years was lower in the closure group: 5 of 36 (7 (3 to 17) per cent) versus 12 of 37 (19 (10 to 33) per cent) for no closure (P = 0·047).

Conclusion
Closure of the fascial defect in laparoscopic umbilical hernia IPOM repair significantly reduced early seroma formation and long-term recurrence without inducing side-effects such as pain, or other early or late PROMs. Registration number: NCT01962480 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
A new intravascular ultrasound‐guided stenting strategy compared with angiography on stent expansion and procedural outcomes in patients with positive lesion remodeling
Authors: Hakim Diaa , Abdallah Mouhamad , Effat Mohamed , Al Solaiman Firas , Alli Oluseun , Leesar Massoud A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the role of a new intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)‐guided stenting strategy versus angiography on optimal stent expansion (OSE) and procedural outcomes in patients with positive lesion remodeling.BackgroundThere are no IVUS criteria on how to achieve OSE.MethodsA total of 100 patients were assigned to a new IVUS‐guided stenting strategy (IVUS group) versus angiography‐guided stenting (Angio group). In the IVUS group, among patients with positive lesion remodeling, defined as a remodeling ratio (RR; lesion external elastic membrane (EEM) area/distal reference EEM area) >1.05, the stent was expanded with a balloon sized to the distal reference EEM diameter. In the Angio group, the stent was expanded by visual estimation. In both groups, IVUS was performed after postdilation.ResultsMinimum stent area (MSA) and stent volume index were significantly larger in the IVUS versus Angio group (7.1 ± 1.9 vs. 5.9 ± 1.5 mm2, and 8.7 ± 2.1 vs. 7.5 ± 1.8 mm3/mm, respectively; p < .01). The percentages of OSE, defined as an MSA ≥5.4 mm2, MSA ≥90% of distal reference lumen area (DRLA), or MSA > DRLA, were significantly higher in the IVUS versus Angio group (80 vs. 56%, 78 vs. 54%, and 71 vs. 38%, respectively; p < .01). Stent underexpansion, malapposition, and residual reference segment stenosis were significantly higher in the Angio versus IVUS group (44 vs. 12%, 16 vs. 4%, and 12 vs. 0%, respectively; p < .05). In the IVUS group, owing to positive remodeling, there was no incidence of dissection or perforation.ConclusionsThis new strategy of IVUS‐guided stenting in patients with positive lesion remodeling, compared with angiography, significantly increased stent expansion and decreased stent underexpansion, malapposition, and residual reference segment stenosis with no complications.
The shade of the sodium flame – An example for guiding students in extending their concept of atom by using scaffolding methods for the development of technical language skills
Authors: Bommersheim Stefanie , Heuper Wolfgang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGerade bei der Entwicklung der Atomvorstellung ist die Lehrkraft in besonderer Weise gefordert, Unterrichtskonzepte auf den fachdidaktischen wie sprachdidaktischen Prüfstand zu stellen. In dem Beitrag wird das Ergebnis einer derartigen Prüfung vorgestellt. An einem konkreten Unterrichtsbeispiel wird aufgezeigt, wie ein interessantes Phänomen, die Natrium‐Resonanz‐ Absorption, zur Entwicklung tragfähiger Konzepte genutzt werden kann. Dabei stehen Sprachbildung und Sprachsensibilität im Mittelpunkt. Insbesondere werden die Erweiterung des Fachwortschatzes und die sprachliche Unterstützung beim berichtenden Sprechen, beim Deuten von Phänomenen sowie bei der Modellierung in den Blick genommen. Deutlich wird dabei, dass wirksame Sprachförderung nur auf der Basis eines fachdidaktisch tragfähigen Konzeptes gelingen kann. Die unabdingbare Verzahnung von fachdidaktischer Entscheidung und Sprachförderung wird offengelegt, wenn es um die begründete Auswahl des Atomkonzeptes geht.
Defined Stem Cell Culture Conditions to Model Mouse Blastocyst Development
Authors: Zylicz Jan J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe complex program of mouse development entails specification of the embryonic epiblast (Epi) as well as the extra‐embryonic trophectoderm (TE) and primitive endoderm (PrE). These three lineages of mouse blastocyst can be modeled in vitro using stem cells derived from primary tissues. In these cultures, cells self‐renew while retaining their developmental potential if put back into a developing embryo. Indeed, embryonic stem cells (ESC), when injected into a blastocyst, readily contribute to all embryonic lineages. Similarly, trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) will give rise to all TE‐derived trophoblast lineages, and extraembryonic endoderm cells (XEN) will contribute to the PrE‐derived yolk sack. These model systems are a powerful tool to study early development, lineage specification, and placenta formation. Only recently reproducible and chemically defined culture systems of these cells have been described. This overview discusses such novel methods for culturing ESC/TSC/XEN, as well as their molecular signatures and developmental potential. Recent strides in expanding the developmental potential of stem cells as well as achieving models more reminiscent of their in vivo counterparts are discussed. Finally, such in vitro stem cells can self‐assemble into structures resembling embryos when used in novel 3D‐culture systems. This article discusses the strengths and limitations of such “synthetic embryos” in studying developmental processes. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A lightweight portable intrusion detection communication system for auditing applications
Authors: Nykvist Carl , Larsson Martin , Sodhro Ali Hassan , Gurtov Andrei 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe goal of this paper is to develop, deploy, test, and evaluatea a lightweight portable intrusion detection system (LPIDS) over wireless networks by adopting two different string matching algorithms: Aho‐Corasick algorithm and Knuth‐Morris‐Pratt algorithm (KMP). Thus, this research contributes in three ways. First, an efficient and lightweight IDS (LPIDS) is proposed. Second, the LPIDS was developed, implemented, tested, and evaluated using Aho‐Corasick and KMP on two different hardware platforms: Wi‐Fi Pineapple and Raspberry Pi. Third, a comparative analysis of proposed LPIDS is done in terms of network metrics such as throughput, power consumption, and response time with regard to their counterparts. Additionally, the proposed LPIDS is suggested for consultants while performing security audits. The experimental results reveal that Aho‐Corasick performs better than KMP throughout the majority of the process, but KMP is typically faster in the beginning with fewer rules. Similarly, Raspberry Pi shows remarkably higher performance than Wi‐Fi Pineapple in all of the measurements. Moreover, we compared the throughput between LPIDS and Snort, it is observed and analyzed that former has significantly higher throughput than later when most of the rules do not include content parameters. This paper concludes that due to computational complexity and slow hardware processing capabilities of Wi‐Fi Pineapple, it could not become suitable IDS in the presence of different pattern matching strategies. Finally, we propose modification of Snort to increase the throughput of the system.
Turbidite‐induced re‐oxygenation episodes of the sediment‐water interface in a diverticulum of the Tethys Ocean during the Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a: The French Vocontian Basin
Authors: Caillaud Alexis , Quijada Melesio , Huet Bastien , Reynaud Jean‐Yves , Riboulleau Armelle , Bout‐Roumazeilles Viviane , Baudin François , Chappaz Anthony , Adatte Thierry , Ferry Jean‐Noël , Tribovillard Nicolas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWidespread anoxic events affected the Tethys Ocean during the Mesozoic. The Ocean Anoxic Event 1a (Early Aptian), expressed as the Selli Level or Goguel Level (GL) in European basins. The GL was deposited in the French Vocontian Basin, a semi‐enclosed basin connected to the Tethys Ocean. This study presents an integrated approach (Rock Eval, clay minerals, grain‐size, inorganic geochemistry and molecular biomarkers), applied to four sections in the basin distributed along a proximal‐distal transect. This study shows that the GL was perturbed by turbidites. In particular, the results demonstrate: (a) a homogeneous redox status of the basin that experienced oxic to suboxic conditions, according to trace element distributions and (b) low organic matter contents (total organic carbon ca 1 wt%) in the three sections where turbiditic deposits are observed. The distal, condensed section exhibits the highest organic matter contents (total organic carbon >3 wt%). In addition, the presence of gammacerane and isorenieratene derivatives in the distal sections suggests that the water‐column was intermittently stratified, with hypoxia developing in the photic zone. This stratification did not result from strong surface productivity but more likely from: (a) limited renewal of deep water in the basin; (b) reputedly high surface‐water palaeotemperatures during the Early Aptian; and (c) the influx of waters, possibly depleted in free oxygen and in some dissolved trace elements, into the basin. The turbiditic inputs, in addition to organic matter dilution in the sediments and a brief rupture of the water‐column stratification in the proximal areas of the basin, ventilated the sea floor and more specifically re‐oxidized the sediment‐water interface as well as underlying sediments. Such episodes of benthic re‐oxygenation could have altered the long‐term palaeoredox record, even in the distal sections where reducing conditions prevailed during deposition. In the area deprived of turbiditic input, sedimentary condensation, coupled with low oxygen conditions, furthered organic matter preservation and concentration.
Hydropeaking affects germination and establishment of riverbank vegetation
Authors: Bejarano María D. , Sordo‐Ward Álvaro , Alonso Carlos , Jansson Roland , Nilsson Christer 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHydropeaking, defined as frequent and rapid variation in flow in regulated rivers with hydropower plants over a short period of time, usually sub‐daily to weekly, alters hydraulic parameters such as water levels or flow velocity and exerts strong impacts on fluvial ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of hydropeaking on riverbank vegetation, specifically assessing the germination and establishment of seedlings and cuttings of plant species representing a variation in traits. We used seeds and seedlings and cuttings varying in size as phytometers, and transplanted them to riverbanks both above and below dams used for hydropower production in northern Sweden, selected to represent a gradient in hydropeaking intensity, and along a free‐flowing reach. We also analyzed sub‐daily water‐level variables modified by hydropeaking to identify variables key in explaining the observed vegetation patterns. We found that plant responses to hydropeaking varied with species, with flood‐intolerant species being the most strongly affected, as early as the germination stage. In contrast, seeds of flood‐tolerant species managed to germinate and survive the early establishment phase, although strong erosive processes triggered by hydropeaking eventually caused most of them to fail. The fate of flood‐intolerant species identifies germination as the most critical life‐history stage. The depth and frequency of the inundation were the leading variables explaining plant responses, while the duration of shallow inundation explained little of the variation. The rise and fall rates of water levels were key in explaining variation in germination success. Based on the results, we propose restoration measures to enhance establishment of riparian plant communities while minimizing the impact on hydropower electricity production. Given the strong decrease in the germination of species intolerant to prolonged flooding with hydropeaking, planting of seedlings, preferably of large sizes, together with restrictions in the operation of the power plant during the establishment phase to enhance survival would be the best restoration option. Given the high probability of plant uprooting with hydropeaking, bank protection measures have the potential to increase riparian plant survival of all species, including flooding‐tolerant species.
Effects of fixatives on stable isotopes of fish muscle tissue: implications for trophic studies on preserved specimens
Authors: Durante L. M. , Sabadel A. J. M. , Frew R. D. , Ingram T. , Wing S. R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIsotopic ecology has been widely used to understand spatial connectivity and trophic interactions in marine systems. However, its potential for monitoring an ecosystem's health and function has been hampered by the lack of consistent sample storage and long‐term studies. Preserved specimens from museum collections are a valuable source of tissue for analyses from ancient and pre‐modern times, but isotopic signatures are known to be affected by commonly used fixatives. The aim of the present study was to understand the effects of fixatives on isotopic signatures of bulk tissue (δ13Cmand δ15Nm) and amino acids (δ13CAAand δ15NAA) of fish muscle and to provide correction equations for the isotopic shifts. Two specimens of each: blue cod (Parapercis colias), blue warehou (Seriolella brama), and king salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) were sampled at five locations along their dorsal musculature, at four time periods: (1) fresh, (2) after 1 month preserved in formalin, and after (3) 3 and (4) 12 months fixed in either ethanol or isopropanol. Lipid content was positively correlated with C:N ratio (r² = 0.83) and had a significant effect on δ13C after treatments, but not on δ15N. C:N ratio (for δ13Cm) and percent N (for δ15Nm) from preserved specimens contributed to the most parsimonious mixed models, which explained 79% of the variation due to fixation and preservation for δ13C and 81% for δ15N. δ13CAAwere generally not affected by fixatives and preservatives, while most δ15NAAshowed different signatures between treatments. δ15NAAvariations did not affect the magnitude of differences between amino acids, allowing scientists to retrieve ecological information (e.g., trophic level) independently of time under preservation. Corrections were applied to the raw data of the experiment, highlighting the importance of δ13Cmand δ15Nmcorrection when fish muscle tissues from wet collections are compared to fresh samples. Our results make it possible to retrieve δ13Cm, δ15Nm, δ13CAA, and δ15NAAfrom museum specimens and can be applied to some of the fundamental questions in ecology, such as trophic baseline shifts and changes in community's food web structure through time.