bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Mitochondrial Carrier Homolog 2 (MTCH2) Suppresses Tumor Invasion and Enhances Sensitivity to Temozolomide in Malignant Glioma
Authors: Yuan Qiuyun , Yang Wanchun , Zhang Shunxin , Li Tengfei , Zuo Mingrong , Zhou Xingwang , Li Junhong , Li Mao , Xia Xiaoqiang , Chen Mina , Liu Yanhui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Malignant glioma exerts a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOs) to aerobic glycolysis, with suppressed mitochondrial functions. This phenomenon offers a proliferation advantage to tumor cells and decrease mitochondria-dependent cell death. However, the underlying mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction in glioma is not well elucidated. MTCH2 is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein that regulates mitochondrial metabolism and related cell death. This study aims to clarify the role of MTCH2 in glioma. Methods: Bioinformatic analysis from TCGA and CGGA databases were used to investigate the association of MTCH2 with glioma malignancy and clinical significance. The expression of MTCH2 was verified from clinical specimens using real-time PCR and western blots in our cohorts. siRNA-mediated MTCH2 knockdown were used to assess the biological functions of MTCH2 in glioma progression, including cell invasion and temozolomide-induced cell death. Biochemical investigations of mitochondrial and cellular signaling alternations were performed to detect the mechanism by which MTCH2 regulates glioma malignancy. Results: Bioinformatic data from public database and our cohort showed that MTCH2 expression was closely associated with glioma malignancy and poor patient survival. Silencing of MTCH2 expression impaired cell migration and enhanced temozolomide sensitivity of human glioma cells. Mechanistically, MTCH2 knockdown increased mitochondrial oxidative damage and decreased pro-survival AKT signaling. Conclusion: Our work identifies the oncogenic role of MTCH2 in gliomas, and establishes the causal relationship between MTCH2 expression and glioma malignancy, which may provide a potential target for future interventions.
ECMO Therapy for Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Fang Jing , Chen Yue , Hu Ming , Li Rui , Qin Juanjuan , Cheng Lin , He Yi , Li Yi , Zhou Qiang , Zhou Daixing , Chen Jun , Huang Fei , Lei Fang , Yang Bo , Deng Hongping , Yuan Yufeng , Xia Jiahong , Li Hongliang , Huang Chaolin , Wan Song , Wei Xiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to surges in the demand for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy. However, little in-depth evidence is known about the application of ECMO therapy in COVID-19 patients.
Methods

This retrospective multicenter cohort study included 88 patients who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 and received ECMO therapy at seven designated hospitals in Wuhan, China. The clinical characteristics, laboratory examinations, treatments, and outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between weaned and non-weaned ECMO patients. The patients were followed until June 30, 2020. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors associated with unsuccessful ECMO weaning. Propensity score matching was used to match patients who received veno-venous ECMO with those who received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV)-only therapy. The primary endpoint, 120-day all-cause mortality after intensive care unit (ICU) admission during hospitalization, was compared using a mixed-effect Cox model.
Results

Of 88 patients who received ECMO therapy, 27 and 61 patients were and were not successfully weaned from ECMO, respectively. Additionally, 15, 15, and 65 patients were further weaned from IMV, discharged from hospital, or died during hospitalization, respectively. A lymphocyte count ≤ 0.5 × 109/L and D-dimer concentration > 4 × the upper limit of normal at ICU admission, a peak PaCO2 > 60 mmHg at 24 hours before ECMO initiation, and no tracheotomy performed during the ICU stay were independently associated with lower odds of ECMO weaning. In the propensity score-matched analysis, a mixed-effect Cox model detected a lower hazard ratio for 120-day all-cause mortality after ICU admission during hospitalization in the ECMO group, as compared with the IMV-only group.
Conclusion

Patients in Wuhan who received ECMO therapy had a relatively high mortality rate. This outcome may be largely attributable to resource-limited situations during the COVID-19 outbreak. In future, the presence of lymphocytopenia and higher D-dimer concentrations at ICU admission and hypercapnia at 24 hours before ECMO initiation could help to identify patients with a poor prognosis. Moreover, tracheotomy could facilitate weaning from ECMO. Despite the high mortality, ECMO was associated with improved outcomes relative to IMV-only therapy in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
The Prevalence of Behavioral Risk Factors in People with HIV/AIDS and Its Effect on Adherence to Treatment
Authors: Soofi Moslem , moradi atefeh , Shakiba Ebrahim , Moradinazar Mehdi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Behavioral risk factors, in addition to increasing the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission, can affect the antiretroviral therapy (ART) pattern of people with the condition. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and its effect on adherence to antiretroviral drugs (ARV) treatment in patients with HIV/AIDS in western Iran.Methods: This study was performed on all patients who were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Kermanshah province during the years 1995-2019 (25 years). Adherence to treatment in these patients was divided into three categories according to the WHO definition: Non-adherence, cessation and adherence to treatment. Using single-variable and multi-variable logistic regression, the effect of important variables in four models was modified and the effect of each of the behavioral risk factors was studied in patients who had non-adherence or experienced cessation compared to those who adhered to ARV.Results: Of the 2,867 patients with HIV/AIDS, 2,449 (85.42%) were men. The mean age of HIV infection was 33.36 ± 11.8 years. In 1995, less than 10 percent of people received treatment, which is 2019 it reached to more than 67 percent. All behavioral risk factors increased the non-adherence to medication and cessation of ARV. In general, after controlling confounding variables except needle sharing, all behavioral variables affected ARV treatment; The greatest impact on non-adherence to medication was History of drug abuse, History of the prison, History of injection drug use and Sex with non-spouse with a chance of 10.87 (7.21-16.39), 3.94 (2.84-5.46), 3.86 (2.47-6.03) and 3.38(2.19-5.23) times more than patients without these risk factors, respectively.Conclusion: Although the process of receiving treatment has been increasing since 2005, the non-adherence to medication is still high in high-risk groups, so it is important to focus more on reducing non-adherence and eventually cessation of treatment. In particular, more focus is necessary for health education and raising the level of awareness of these groups.
Evaluation of Avian Malaria in An Inter-Andean Dry Forest of Imbabura Province in Ecuador
Authors: Spencer Lilian Maritza , Tellkamp Markus P , Vispo Nelson F Santiago , Amaro Isidro R , Cevallos-Chavez Jordy J , Anchalí Sophía N , Cabada Dalia N , Arcos Mariana M , Aldaz María J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Hematozoa of the genus Plasmodium cause malaria in birds, and are frequently found in passerines. They are characterized by particularly small meronts and elongated gametocytes in peripheral blood. Although the disease is not fatal, it affects reproductive success and, therefore, the biodiversity of the birds, so it is a necessity to know the species of birds that are infected. Methods: The presence of Plasmodium in passerine birds were investigated in three locations in the inter-Andean dry forest of the province of Imbabura in Ecuador. Prevalence and parasitaema were determined by light microscopy of blood smears and was confirmed by the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with a monoclonal antibody that recognizes protein 1 of merozoite surface (MSP-1). Results: The percentage of prevalence and parasitaemia in the bird species captured in the three locations was determined and was related to the elevation and presence of bodies of water in the studied areas. A 100% prevalence was found at the lowest site but decreased with elevation and the absence of nearby water bodies. The IFA test supported the identity of the Plasmodium parasite. Discussion: This study shows that bird species are highly parasitized in the dry forest of Imbabura and underscores the influence elevation and the presence of water as a possible source proliferation of the vector insects. As elevation increases, prevalence and parasitaemia decrease. Besides, we present a useful new diagnostic tool, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes Plasmodium protein MSP-1, which is highly conserved among the species of this parasite.
Topographic control of forest species distributions in the Interior West USA
Authors: Bekker Matt , DeRose R Justin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The geographic distribution of forest and woodland ecosystems in the Interior West United States is strongly influenced by topographic gradients that, in part, control moisture availability through their effect on insolation, and precipitation capture and retention. Through an empirical approach, we use unique, plot-level data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program ( n = 13,437) over eight ecoregions within eight Interior West states to characterize the distribution of the 12 most abundant tree species with respect to the effects of elevation, slope aspect, and slope steepness. Results Across species, elevation, and aspect, most plots occurred on gentle slopes and the number decreased with increasing slope. Species-specific differences to microenvironmental conditions were evident in the variation between observed (plots containing a subject tree) and expected (all forest plots from the systematic sample) numbers of plots across the gradient combinations. Species groups, broadly defined as woodland, montane, and subalpine, generally exhibited similar responses and revealed more generality than hypothesized. Only Douglas-fir, white fir, subalpine fir, and Engelmann spruce exhibited significant patterns of affinity for particular aspects—most often on north and least often on south—with the relative importance of south aspects decreasing with increasing elevation. Limber pine showed unique, unimodal patterns of affinity for moderately steep slopes, with no consistent patterns by aspect or elevation. Although not significant, at high elevations woodland species exhibited a tendency to occur more often on south aspects on gentle to intermediate slopes, and less often on north aspects. Conclusions Unique microenvironments created by interactions between aspect, slope, and elevation create some predictability in patterns of geographic distribution. However, the general lack of species-specific response suggests that patterns of occurrence in relation to physiographic gradients is much broader than in common generalizations.
Prevalence of Malnutrition and Associated Risk Factors Among Children Under Five Years of age in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Evidence from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Mengesha Damitie Kebede , Merkeb Yidnekachew 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Under-nutrition is the outcome of insufficient food intake and recurrent infectious diseases. Childhood malnutrition is most widely prevalent among children under the age of five in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. This study explored the major determinants of malnutrition and its association with anemia among children under five years of age in Amhara Region, Ethiopia.Methods: Data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) was used. A total of 974 children under five years of age were used. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used at a 5% level of significance to determine the individual- and community-level factors associated with childhood malnutrition.Results: The prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight were 46.3%, 9.8%, and 28.4%, respectively. About 23.1% of children were both stunting and underweight, 7.3% were both underweight and wasting, and 4.5% of children had all the three conditions. Among the factors considered in this study, Age of child in months, birth weight of the child at birth, mother’s highest education level, sex of household head, sources of drinking water, and type of toilet facility were significantly associated with malnutrition in Amhara Region.Conclusion: Malnutrition among under-five children was one of the public health problems in the Amhara Region. The influence of these factors should be considered to develop strategies for reducing malnutrition in Amhara Region. Finally improving the living standards of the children is important to get better health care, to enhance the child’s nutritional status, and reduce child mortality.
Application of Acidophilic Microorganism in the Metal Enrichment of Electroplating Sludge Use the Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Yang Yiran , Chu Huichao , Qian Can , Jia Chunyou , Qi Shiyue , Xin Baoping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Bioleaching is an important technology for treating electroplating sludge. Previous researches have focus on improving the leaching rate of metals in electroplating sludge by bioleaching. However, the concentration of heavy metals in the leachate after single leaching was lower, which is quite unfavorable for subsequent metal recovery. Additionally, membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been widely used in the field of sewage treatment. Research on the application of bioleaching technology combined with MBRs to enrich metals in electroplating sludge has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, we first combined bioleaching technology and MBRs for metal enrichment in electroplating sludge to obtain the key technology of "acid production - electroplating sludge leaching - leachate regeneration -repeated electroplating sludge leaching - achievement of valuable metal enrichment".Results: In this research, through scaling up from the laboratory scale (shake flasks) to a factory-scale application (10 m³ membrane bioreactors), we mastered the key technology of acid production by acidophilic microorganism, and the acid solution can be repeatedly used for metal leaching. The results showed that the MBR maintained high-density cell growth (≈2.1×109/mL) and a stable sulfuric acid production rate (850 L/h) throughout the entire operational period. Under the above conditions, the maximum cycle number (10 times) for enrichment of the target metals in the electroplating sludge was obtained. Additionally, after the end of the cycle enrichment process, the concentrations of the target metals Ni+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ were 13.867 g/L, 18.118 g/L and 21.075 g/L, respectively, which were highly enriched.Conclusions: This study first solved the difficulties in the industrialization of bioleaching electroplating sludge through combining bioleaching technology and MBRs. Furthermore, this research can provide a demonstration project for the industrial application of MBR-bioleaching technology in electroplating sludge, with a view to applying this technology to the disposal of more types of hazardous waste.
The expression of HOXA9 and its prognostic value in cervical cancer
Authors: Zhang Keqian , Mao Tianqi , He Zhicheng , Wu Xiaojiao , Peng Yu , Chen Yanrong , Dong Yan , Ruan Zhihua , Wang Zhe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

The HOXA9 gene, belonging to homeobox (HOX) gene family, has been recently reported dys-expressed in several kinds of human cancers. This study aimed to investigate the expression of HOXA9 and its prognostic value in cervical cancer.
Methods

The HOXA9 mRNA expression was detected with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay, and the association of HOXA9 expression with clinical characteristic was analyzed via chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier and cox regression analyses were conducted to estimate the prognostic value of HOXA9 in cervical cancer.
Results

HOXA9 expression was significantly down-expressed in cervical cancer tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.01). And the expression of HOXA9 was significantly associated with TNM stage, pathological grade, FIGO stage and differentiation (All P < 0.05). In addition, Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that the overall survival of patients with low HOXA9 expression was shorter than those with high HOXA9 expression (log rank test, P = 0.000). Cox regression analysis revealed that HOXA9 had a high prognostic value in cervical cancer.
Conclusion

HOXA9 is down-regulated and involved in the development of cervical cancer. Moreover, it may be an useful independent prognostic bio-marker for patients with cervical cancer.
Application of Percutaneous Endoscopic Interlaminar Discectomy (PEID) with Modified Sensation-Motion Separation Anesthesia in the Treatment of L5-S1 Disc Herniation
Authors: Kong Meng , Gao Changtong , Wang Chao , Xu Derong , Han Shuo , Li Guanghui , Han Xing , Ma Xuexiao , Zhou Chuanli 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Study Design: A retrospective cohort study.Purpose: To compare the clinical effects of local anesthesia (LA), general anesthesia (GA) and modified sensation-motion separation anesthesia (MA) in percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID) for treating L5/S1 lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and guide the junior surgeons.Patients and methods: Eighty-four patients with L5/S1 LDH underwent PEID using three anesthesia methods. Patients in groups LA (26), GA (29) and MA (29) were given a follow-up examination retrospectively. General parameters, preparation and anesthesia time, operation time, recovery time, incidence rate of complications, ambulation time, length of hospital stay, severe complications, and reoperation rate were compared, and clinical outcomes were analyzed using a visual analog scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the Short-Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36).Results: MA demonstrated obvious advantages over the other two methods in operation time and led a better intraoperative experience than LA. Group MA and LA required less time in bed postoperatively and shorter hospital stays than group GA. The mean postoperative VAS score, ODI score and SF-36 score were significantly better than the preoperative values in all groups (P<0.05), but no significant differences were found among the three groups (P>0.05). Three cases (3/29) of nervous disorder occurred in the GA group. Two cases in the GA (1/29) and LA (1/26) groups were revised among all three groups, with a total recurrence rate of 2.4% (2/84). Conclusions: Modified anesthesia with sensation-motion separation was a suitable method for spinal surgeons who were inexperienced with PEID in the treatment of L5/S1 disc herniation due to its high safety and good patient tolerance.
Differential Diagnostic Value of Parathyroid 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT in MIBI Uptake Lesion
Authors: Sa Ri , Liu Danyan , Hou Sen , Zhao Hongguang , Guan Feng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the role of parathyroid technetium-99m-hexakis2-methoxy-2-methylpropylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography/ computed tomography (SPECT/CT) combined with the serum calcium (Ca) and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the differential diagnosis of MIBI uptake lesion. Methods: 201 patients with MIBI uptake lesion on parathyroid 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT from January 2015 to July 2019 were enrolled in this study. All patients who underwent surgical resection were classified into two groups: primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and non-PHPT in terms of the pathological findings. Radiological performance of 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT, serum Ca and serum PTH were comparable between the two groups.Results: 201 patients (135 females; median age, 53.0 years; age range, 29 – 79 years) were included. Pathological findings were as follows: PHPT was in 126 (62.7%) patients, including parathyroid adenoma in 106 patients, parathyroid cancer in 12 patients and parathyroid hyperplasia in 8 patients, while non-PHPT were in 75 (37.3%) patients, including thyroid adenoma in 14 patients, thyroid papillary cancer in 15 patients and thyroid nodular goiter in 46 patients. In the following multivariable logistic regression analysis, serum Ca and diameter of the shortest axis of the lesion were the independent factors for differentiating PHPT from non-PHPT. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, the cut-off value of serum Ca differentiating PHPT from non-PHPT was 2.6 mmol/L, yielding the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.931, sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 89.2%; the cut-off value of diameter of the shortest axis of the lesion was 20.4mm, yielding AUC of 0.728, sensitivity of 62.2%, specificity of 87.1%.Conclusion: Parathyroid 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT combined with serum Ca and serum PTH contributed to the differential diagnosis of PHPT from non-PHPT, evenly can assist the determination of the specific pathology of MIBI uptake lesion before surgery.
Quantitative evaluation of dental bio-aerosols using particle count values. Part 1: the effect of High Volume Aspiration and natural ventilation.
Authors: Haigh Andre , Vasant Ronuk , O'Hooley Dominic 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
AimRoutine dental treatments are frequently associated with aerosol generating procedures (AGP). Recently dental AGP have attracted significant attention as a possible vector for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and attempts have been made to establish when a surgery may be safely decontaminated following a dental AGP — the ‘fallow time’. There is a paucity of research in the dental literature regarding the near real time generation and dispersion of dental aerosol following a dental AGP. Study aims are to: (1) monitor dental aerosol generation and dispersal through semi-continuous particle count values (PCV), and (2) use this information to delineate a range of suitable fallow times.MethodFollowing baseline measurements, five identical dental AGP were conducted on a dental manikin for each of three groups: (SEO) saliva ejector only, (HVA) high volume aspiration, (WO) high volume aspiration with windows open. For each procedure PCV were recorded every 2.2 minutes with a Light Scattering Airborne Particle Counter (LSAPC) for 3.3 hours. Eleven dependent variables were analysed, including baseline PCV, total PCV, peak PCV, time taken to return to one sample standard deviation of baseline PCV, and a time series extending from 15 minutes to 3 hours after cessation of AGP. Due to heterogeneity, the data was analysed with Krushkall-Wallis test and Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc.ResultsBetween group mean baseline PCV were not statistically significant. Compared with SEO, WO had a statistically significant impact on peak PCV (p=.009) and HVA had a statistically significant impact on total PCV (p=.006). With the exception at 2 and 3 hours, PCV throughout the time series were statistically significantly lower for WO and HVA in comparison with SEO. WO PCV were influenced by outdoor aerosol levels.Four of the five SEO procedures failed to return to baseline PCV within 3.3 hours. Following AGP, the mean time for the HVA procedures to return to baseline PCV was 17.12 minutes, 95% CI [4.96 to 29.28]. The effect of HVA on the time taken to return to baseline PCV was very large (Glass’s Δ= -4.943, CLES=1.00).ConclusionThere is a significant benefit in opening windows during AGP. The effect of HVA on reducing fallow time is very large. Under the conditions of this study, PCV suggest that it might be safe to consider a fallow time of 29.28 minutes.