bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inspiration, respiration et création poétique chez Pierre de Croix
Authors: Rieu Josiane 
Published: September 2020

Chez Pierre de Croix, les modèles humanistes de la parole inspirée sont transformés, car c’est la personne qui est perçue comme inspirée. L’analyse de l’anthropologie du Miroir de l’amour divin montre que le poète découvre en lui une présence qui l’initie à un dialogue intérieur continu. L’inspiration est décrite en termes d’échange et de respiration, retrouvant le vocabulaire mystique. Sa source est déplacée à l’intime de la vie psychologique, où se noue la relation entre le spirituel et le corporel.
Le bannissement des Muses : Théophile de Viau ou l’immanence de l’inspiration
Authors: Folliard Melaine 
Published: September 2020

Le cas de Théophile de Viau permet de se demander si l’écriture poétique, au début du XVII e siècle, peut être conçue sans recours à un arrière-monde qui la féconde. Cet article envisage ainsi comment le poète bannit les formes d’élévation du langage poétique pour faire émerger un sujet qui s’éprouve dans une réalité sans extérieur. L’enjeu est de comprendre comment, dans la poésie profane du début des années 1620, l’inspiration s’est redéfinie comme expérience poétique du réel.
Camus et la montée aux extrêmes. Commentaires d’un politiste sur les Lettres à un ami allemand
Authors: Delori Mathias 
Published: September 2020

Les controverses sur le rapport d’Albert Camus à la violence ont surtout porté sur ses écrits relatifs au « terrorisme ». Cet article contribue à ces débats à partir d’une focale sur les Lettres à un ami allemand . Ces textes écrits alors que l’auteur participait à la Résistance entre 1943 et 1944 donnent à voir un Camus original, qui souligne que la violence constitue un problème moral mais appelle sans ambiguïté à la « destruction » de l’adversaire. Le propos est d’autant plus fort que l’Allemagne est littéralement en train de se faire détruire sous les bombardements alliés. Cette tension entre critique de la violence et consentement à elle conduit Camus à identifier plusieurs mécanismes de ce que les politistes appellent la « montée aux extrêmes ».
La réussite académique à l’université dépend-elle des études supérieures de ses parents ?
Authors: Kasatkina Olga , Lima Laurent , Nakhili Nadia 
Published: September 2020

Les étudiants dont les parents n’ont pas fait d’études supérieures, dits étudiants de première génération, ont-ils les mêmes chances de réussir à l’université que les autres étudiants ? Des travaux internationaux montrent que ce n’est pas le cas aux États-Unis, au Canada ou en Belgique. Cependant, cette question n’est pas tranchée en France. Nous étudions donc la réussite des étudiants de première génération en France à partir de quatre enquêtes de l’Observatoire de la vie étudiante menées entre 2006 et 2016. Nos analyses montrent que les étudiants de première génération ont moins de chances de réussir leur première année universitaire que les autres étudiants et que cette moindre réussite s’explique par des caractéristiques scolaires plus défavorables à l’entrée à l’université. De plus, les faibles variations observées entre les différentes vagues d’enquête, alors que le plan réussite en licence a été mis en place dès 2008, montrent que les actions destinées à augmenter la réussite à l’université n’ont pas amélioré la réussite des étudiants de première génération, bien qu’elles semblent avoir augmenté l’accès à l’enseignement supérieur. Il semble que le statut d’étudiant de première génération peut être un critère pertinent pour cibler des actions de prévention de l’échec à l’université sur les publics les plus vulnérables.
Avancer, évoluer pour trouver sa place. Parcours de jeunes accompagnés par la mission locale de Blois
Authors: Prigent Thomas , Leroy Yvan , Dubéchot Patrick 
Published: September 2020

Inégalités scolaires persistantes, pauvreté des jeunes, précarité de l’emploi, tout laisse à penser que l’avenir de la jeunesse est figé, que les destins sont joués d’avance. Pour traiter de l’objet de ce numéro de Vie sociale sur les jeunes qui « s’en sortent », les auteurs ont choisi d’étudier le parcours de cinq jeunes suivis par une mission locale et qui estiment eux-mêmes s’en être sortis. Les entretiens montrent la complexité de leurs parcours, faits d’échecs, d’hésitations, mais aussi de volonté et d’ambition. Et au-delà de la logique de mobilité sociale ascendante, leurs récits indiquent clairement que l’enjeu majeur de ces jeunes est de « trouver leur place » dans le champ professionnel et social. À travers ces entretiens, on perçoit la fonction d’une mission locale du Loir-et-Cher dans ces parcours de « réussite », et surtout le rôle de ses conseillers d’insertion.
Ce qu’une « sortie positive » de la Garantie jeunes veut dire
Authors: Couronné Julie , Loison Marie , Sarfati François 
Published: September 2020

Cet article est issu d’une enquête ethnographique menée dans trois missions locales au cours de laquelle nous avons observé la mise en œuvre de la Garantie jeunes. Il s’agit d’un dispositif d’insertion sociale et professionnelle à destination de jeunes considéré.e.s comme « ni en emploi, ni en formation, ni en études » avec des ressources très faibles. Les critères institutionnels retenus pour considérer une « sortie positive » de la Garantie jeunes se rapportent à l’emploi et uniquement à l’emploi. L’enquête menée nous incite à adopter une lecture alternative, fondée sur les parcours observés. Nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressé.e.s aux différentes raisons qui expliquent que certain.e.s jeunes soient parvenu.e.s à s’approprier le dispositif et comment il leur a permis de « s’en sortir ». À quoi tient la réussite de ces jeunes ? Quelles sont les ressources dont ils et elles disposent ? Notre approche de ces « jeunes qui s’en sortent » vise à interpréter leur mise en mouvement comme le produit de la rencontre entre une proposition institutionnelle, par nature collective, et des caractéristiques sociales mises à l’épreuve dans leur parcours biographique.
Jeunes en difficulté d’insertion au sein de l’Union européenne : quelle action publique privilégier ?
Authors: Lefresne Florence 
Published: September 2020

Cet article montre, dans une première partie, que les difficultés d’insertion professionnelle des jeunes au sein de l’Union européenne sont difficilement comparables à partir du simple indicateur de taux de chômage des jeunes et qu’elles s’analysent au regard de la configuration de chaque système d’insertion national. Il souligne à cet égard les mutations profondes de ces systèmes depuis les quatre dernières décennies, notamment sous l’effet des politiques publiques. Dans une seconde partie, il examine deux catégories-cibles de l’action publique, largement impulsées par l’Union européenne : celle des « sorties précoces » et celle des neet . Il met en évidence le maintien de fortes spécificités nationales, voire territoriales, dans les caractéristiques de ces catégories-cibles. L’article souligne également que c’est le plus souvent au prix d’un travail concret de repérage des difficultés, d’identification fine des diagnostics et d’accompagnement vers un plus grand « pouvoir d’agir » que certains jeunes trouvent les ressources pour s’en sortir.
Long-term Vector Outcomes of SMILE in Correcting Moderate to High With-the-Rule Astigmatism Under Astigmatism Axis Marked Condition
Authors: Yang Xiaonan , Liu Quan , Lin Haiqin , Xie Yi , Feng Qiting 
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the vector outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in correcting moderate to high myopic astigmatism under astigmatic axis marked condition.

METHODS:
In a prospective, longitudinal, interventional study, 71 eyes (71 patients) that had with-the-rule preoperative cylinder refraction exceeding 1.50 diopters (D) were corrected with the VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. Refractive outcomes and astigmatic vector were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 30 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

At 30 months postoperatively, the efficacy and safety indexes were 1.04 ± 0.18 and 1.15 ± 0.17, respectively. The magnitude of the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) (2.13 ± 0.71 D at 1 month [
P
1m-pre
= .018], 2.12 ± 0.72 D at 3 months [
P
3m-pre
= .006], 2.13 ± 0.69 D at 6 months [
P
6m-pre
= .010], and 2.19 ± 0.72 D at 30 months [
P
30m-pre
< .001]) was slightly higher than that of the target induced astigmatism (TIA) (2.07 ± 0.69 D). Only the y-coordinate of the SIA vector had a significant overcorrection compared to that of the TIA vector (
P
1m-pre
= .033,
P
3m-pre
= .011,
P
6m-pre
= .012,
P
30m-pre
< .001). The corrected index (CI = |SIA|/|TIA|) varied from 1.03 ± 0.07 at 1 month to 1.06 ± 0.10 at 30 months, which was higher when correcting moderate astigmatism than when correcting high astigmatism (
P
= .041) at 30 months postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS:
SMILE had long-term safety, efficacy, predictability, and stability when correcting moderate to high myopic astigmatism under astigmatism axis marked condition. Meanwhile, a cylinder overcorrection was observed due to the overcorrection of y-coordinate astigmatic power, which implied that the vector adjustment of the cylinder refraction nomogram should be considered.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(9):585–591.]
Toxicity of two Engelmann spruce (Pinaceae) monoterpene chemotypes from the southern Rocky Mountains to North American spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
Authors: Davis Thomas Seth 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEngelmann spruce, Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. (Pinaceae), in the southern Rocky Mountains is composed of two distinct phloem monoterpene chemotypes that differ in relative abundances of multiple monoterpenes, particularly α-pinene and Δ3-carene (hereafter, the “α-pinene chemotype” and the “Δ3-carene chemotype”). Here, relative toxicity of these chemotypes is tested on spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), a phloeophagous herbivore that colonises trees of both types. Synthetic monoterpene blends representing each chemotype were tested across a range of concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100, 200, and 500 µg/L) in the lab, and probability of survival of adult beetles exposed to each blend was modelled using a logit function. Logit curves were solved to determine LC25, LC50, and LC75 of each monoterpene blend. On average, probability of beetle survival was lower when exposed to the Δ3-carene chemotype than when exposed to the α-pinene chemotype. However, both chemotypes were completely lethal to beetles at concentrations exceeding 100 µg/L. Adult body mass did not affect survival probability. It is concluded that spruce phloem chemotypes may differ in their toxicity to spruce beetles, with potential consequences for patterns of host-tree colonisation by spruce beetle.
Constitutive Expression of CCL22 Is Mediated by T Cell–Derived GM-CSF
Authors: Piseddu Ignazio , Röhrle Natascha , Knott Maximilian Martin Ludwig , Moder Stefan , Eiber Stephan , Schnell Konstantin , Vetter Viola , Meyer Bastian , Layritz Patrick , Kühnemuth Benjamin , Wiedemann Gabriela Maria , Gruen Juliane , Perleberg Carolin , Rapp Moritz , Endres Stefan , Anz David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
CCL22 is a key mediator of leukocyte trafficking in inflammatory immune responses, allergy, and cancer. It acts by attracting regulatory T cells and Th2 cells via their receptor CCR type 4 (CCR4). Beyond its role in inflammation, CCL22 is constitutively expressed at high levels in lymphoid organs during homeostasis, where it controls immunity by recruiting regulatory T cells to dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we aimed to identify the mechanisms responsible for constitutive CCL22 expression. We confirmed that CD11c+ DCs are the exclusive producers of CCL22 in secondary lymphatic organs during homeostasis. We show that in vitro both murine splenocytes and human PBMCs secrete CCL22 spontaneously without any further stimulation. Interestingly, isolated DCs alone, however, are unable to produce CCL22, but instead require T cell help. In vitro, only the coculture of DCs with T cells or their supernatants resulted in CCL22 secretion, and we identified T cell–derived GM-CSF as the major inducer of DC-derived CCL22 expression. In vivo, Rag1−/− mice, which lack functional T cells, have low CCL22 levels in lymphoid organs, and this can be restored by adoptive transfer of wild-type T cells or administration of GM-CSF. Taken together, we uncover T cell–derived GM-CSF as a key inducer of the chemokine CCL22 and thus, to our knowledge, identify a novel role for this cytokine as a central regulator of immunity in lymphatic organs. This knowledge could contribute to the development of new therapeutic interventions in cancer and autoimmunity.
11C-choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography for detection of disease relapse in patients with history of biochemically recurrent prostate cancer and prostate-specific antigen ≤0.1 ng/ml
Authors: Garg Ishan , Nathan Mark A. , Packard Ann T. , Kwon Eugene D. , Larson Nicholas B. , Lowe Val , Davis Brian J. , Haloi Rimki , Mahon Mindie L. , Goenka Ajit H. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of surveillance 11C-choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the detection of disease relapse in patients with a history of biochemically recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer (PCa) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≤0.1 ng/ml.

Materials and Methods:
We included patients who had been treated for BCR PCa and had a surveillance 11C-choline PET/CT at serum PSA ≤0.1 ng/ml. Positive surveillance PET/CT was defined as a study that identified a new tracer-avid lesion or new tracer uptake in a previously treated lesion or both. Findings were confirmed against a composite radiologic-pathologic gold standard. Time to recurrence association analyses were performed for disease relapse risk with the use of Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results:
In total, 13 (12.1%) of the 107 patients had positive surveillance PET/CT scans, confirmed on pathologic assessment (n = 5) and subsequent imaging (n = 8). Among these 13 patients, ten had distant metastases, two had local recurrence, and one had both. Nine of the ten patients with metastases had oligometastatic disease defined as the presence of ≤3 metastases. Serum PSA became detectable again in only seven patients with positive surveillance PET/CT, after a mean interval from surveillance PET/CT of 292 days (range: 105–543 days). We identified an association of N stage with increased risk of recurrence (hazard ratio = 3.85; P = 0.036) although this was not significant after accounting for multiple testing.

Conclusions:
Surveillance i 11C-choline PET/CT can detect early disease relapse at serum PSA ≤0.1 ng/ml in patients with a history of BCR PCa.
Neonatal Jaundice Risk Factors at a District Hospital in Rwanda
Authors: Murekatete Claudine , Muteteli Claudine , Nsengiyumva Richard , Chironda Geldine 
Published: September 2020

Background
Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common reasons for hospital admission in the neonatal unit, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
Objective
To assess risk factors associated with neonatal jaundice among newborns at a District Hospital in Rwanda.
Methods
A quantitative approach has been used with a retrospective cross-sectional design. Two hundred and ten files were used as sample size. Stratified proportional sampling was used for the years 2016-2018 to select files. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis.

Results
The study findings showed that nearly half (44.3%) of 210 newborns were diagnosed with neonatal jaundice. The majority (87.2%) was term, and male gender (60.5%). Nearly a third (29.5%) were Low Birth Weight. Significant risk factors for neonatal jaundice were birth weight (p=0.015), gestational age of the newborn (p=0.002), neonatal gender (p=0.004), method of delivery (p=.000), blood group incompatibility (p=0.001); infections (p =0.000), cesarean section (p= 0.000) and prematurity (p=0.017).
Conclusion
There was a high prevalence of neonatal jaundice. Neonatal jaundice risk factors were predominantly demographic, maternal and neonatal. Hence there is need to formulate tailored interventions that mitigate neonatal jaundice.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):204-213.
Immediate Newborn Care and Associated Outcomes in the Delivery Room: An Observational Study in Rwanda
Authors: Mujawamariya Françoise , Uwingabire Fauste , Murekatete Fatuma , Meharry Pamela 
Published: September 2020

Background
Neonatal mortality is a worldwide concern, especially in sub-Sahara Africa. Millions of newborn deaths could be prevented with quality care at birth.
Objective
To identify immediate newborn care provided by birth attendants and associated outcomes in the delivery room of a district hospital in Kabgayi, Rwanda.
Methods
This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and convenience sampling strategy. The sample of 171 newborns and birth attendants were observed in the delivery room using a standardized checklist during April and May 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data.
Results
The majority (65.5%) of newborns were female, and at term (93.6%). The majority had mouth and nose cleared (60%), dried thoroughly (75.4%), wet cloth removed (57.3%), delayed umbilical cord clamping (67.3%), and immediate skin-to-skin contact (67.3%). Limited interventions included APGAR evaluation (28%) and breastfeeding within the first hour (36.6%). The majority of 135(78.9%) were stable, and none died.
Conclusion
The majority of the study population was stable, though all newborns did not benefit from standard immediate newborn care. To reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity in Rwanda, we need to redouble efforts to strengthen the quality of immediate newborn care. Future research is needed to identify effective training to improve newborn outcomes at birth.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):238-249
Climate Change Associated with Neonatal Health Risks: Rwandan Nurses and Midwives’ Awareness and Perceptions
Authors: Nsengiyumva Richard , Mukarubayiza Marie Rose , Murekatete Claudine , Meharry Pamela 
Published: September 2020

Background
Climate change (CC) is a global public health problem. In Rwanda, it is estimated that 28% of neonatal death is attributable to CC, yet little is known about healthcare providers’ awareness of neonatal health risks.
ObjectiveTo assess nurses’ and midwives’ awareness of CC and perceptions of potential neonatal health risks associated with CC at selected hospitals in Rwanda.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was performed at four selected hospitals. A random sampling technique was used to select 184 of 340 nurses and midwives working in neonatology, pediatrics, and maternity departments. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were done.
ResultsThe majority of participants were females (62.1%), nurses (60.5%), advanced diploma holders (55.4%). The majority (60.4%) had low level awareness of CC, and only 2.8% obtained CC information at nursing school. The majority (61.02%) had low perception of potential CC’ related potential neonatal health risks. High education level, working in neonatology and longer working experience were found to be associated with high level awareness of CC and high perceptions of potential neonatal health risks associated with CC (p<0.05).
Conclusion
There was a low level awareness of CC awareness and low perceptions of potential neonatal health risks among nurses and midwives. Offering in-service training and integrating CC’ health risks in the nursing curricula could motivate climate action among Rwandan nurses and midwives.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):261-272
Parents’ Knowledge of Neonatal Danger Signs and Associated Factors at Health Centers in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Mujawimana Patricie , Uwingabire Fauste , Kankindi Felicite , Dusabe Ruth , Meharry Pamela 
Published: September 2020

Background
Globally, nearly half of all under-five deaths occur during the neonatal period. About two million dies within the first week, of which 75% come from low-resource countries, such as Rwanda. Many neonatal deaths are preventable or avoidable if parents are knowledgeable of Neonatal Danger Signs (NDS), and do not delay seeking care at a health facility.
Objective
To assess the parents’ knowledge of NDS and associated factors within the neonatal period at four health centers in Kigali.
Method
This study was a descriptive cross-sectional design. A proportionate stratified probability sampling strategy was used to select 209 parents who attended selected health centers in Kigali. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results
The findings showed that 67% of participants had some information on NDS. Logistic regression showed that educational level, parity, number of antenatal visits, and information from healthcare providers was significantly associated with parents' knowledge of NDS.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate the need to enhance education of parents’ knowledge of NDS in the study population. Educational efforts also should target NDS in health centers where most Rwandan women attend antenatal care.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):128-138
Umbilical Cord Care Among Postnatal Mothers in Kibungo Hospital Catchment Area, Rwanda
Authors: Uwingabire Emmerance , Tengera Olive , Batamuriza Miriam , Mukamana Donatilla 
Published: September 2020

Background
Infections contribute to 30% of the 2.5 million neonatal deaths that occur globally every year. A newly cut umbilical cord can be a pathway for bacteria to enter the vulnerable neonate and cause neonatal sepsis. Most infections are preventable with evidenced-based cord care.
Objective
To assess postnatal mothers’ knowledge and practice of umbilical cord care in the Kibungo Hospital catchment area in Rwanda.
Methodology
A descriptive cross-sectional study design and purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit 224 postnatal mothers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data.

Results
A third of mothers (33%) had adequate knowledge, and a half (54%) had good umbilical cord care practice. The majority (70%) reported dry cord care practice, though many applied substances including Vaseline (23%) and Movit ointment (15%). There was a negative correlation between knowledge of cord care and substance applied to cord (R2=0.224, p=0.001), and days applied (R2=0.167, p=0.012).
Conclusion
The study population had low cord care knowledge. Health care providers need to educate mothers on the practice of allowing the cord to dry naturally, and discourage the use of harmful substances that delay cord separation and increase risk of sepsis and subsequent neonatal mortality.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):167-180