bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking and forecasting milepost moments of the epidemic in the early-outbreak: framework and applications to the COVID-19
Authors: Wang Huiwen , Zhang Yanwen , Lu Shan , Wang Shanshan 
Published: May 2020

Background: The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has attracted global attention. In the early stage of the outbreak, the most important question concerns some meaningful milepost moments, including the time when the number of daily confirmed cases decreases, the time when the number of daily confirmed cases becomes smaller than that of the daily removed (recovered and death), and the time when the number of daily confirmed cases and patients treated in hospital becomes zero. Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to make right and precise prediction due to the limited amount of available data at the early stage of the outbreak. To address it, in this paper, we propose a flexible framework incorporating the effectiveness of the government control to forecast the whole process of a new unknown infectious disease in its early-outbreak. Methods: We first establish the iconic indicators to characterize the extent of epidemic spread. Then we develop the tracking and forecasting procedure with mild and reasonable assumption. Finally we apply it to analyze and evaluate the COVID-19 using the public available data for mainland China beyond Hubei Province from the China Centers for Disease Control (CDC) during the period of Jan 29th, 2020, to Feb 29th, 2020, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed procedure. Results: Forecasting results indicate that the number of newly confirmed cases will become zero in the mid-early March, and the number of patients treated in the hospital will become zero between mid-March and mid-April in mainland China beyond Hubei Province. Conclusions: The framework proposed in this paper can help people get a general understanding of the epidemic trends in counties where COVID-19 are raging as well as any other outbreaks of new and unknown infectious diseases in the future.
Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups in England are at increased risk of death from COVID-19: indirect standardisation of NHS mortality data
Authors: Aldridge Robert W. , Lewer Dan , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Mathur Rohini , Pathak Neha , Burns Rachel , Fragaszy Ellen B. , Johnson Anne M. , Devakumar Delan , Abubakar Ibrahim , Hayward Andrew 
Published: May 2020

Background: International and UK data suggest that Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups are at increased risk of infection and death from COVID-19. We aimed to explore the risk of death in minority ethnic groups in England using data reported by NHS England. Methods: We used NHS data on patients with a positive COVID-19 test who died in hospitals in England published on 28th April, with deaths by ethnicity available from 1st March 2020 up to 5pm on 21 April 2020. We undertook indirect standardisation of these data (using the whole population of England as the reference) to produce ethnic specific standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) adjusted for age and geographical region. Results: The largest total number of deaths in minority ethnic groups were Indian (492 deaths) and Black Caribbean (460 deaths) groups. Adjusting for region we found a lower risk of death for White Irish (SMR 0.52; 95%CIs 0.45-0.60) and White British ethnic groups (0.88; 95%CIs 0.86-0.0.89), but increased risk of death for Black African (3.24; 95%CIs 2.90-3.62), Black Caribbean (2.21; 95%CIs 2.02-2.41), Pakistani (3.29; 95%CIs 2.96-3.64), Bangladeshi (2.41; 95%CIs 1.98-2.91) and Indian (1.70; 95%CIs 1.56-1.85) minority ethnic groups. Conclusion: Our analysis adds to the evidence that BAME people are at increased risk of death from COVID-19 even after adjusting for geographical region. We believe there is an urgent need to take action to reduce the risk of death for BAME groups and better understand why some ethnic groups experience greater risk. Actions that are likely to reduce these inequities include ensuring adequate income protection (so that low paid and zero-hours contract workers can afford to follow social distancing recommendations), reducing occupational risks (such as ensuring adequate personal protective equipment), reducing barriers in accessing healthcare and providing culturally and linguistically appropriate public health communications.
Highly efficient InGaN-based LED with pre-roughening backside of GaN substrate
Authors: Alias Ezzah A. , Samsudin Muhammad E. A. , Ibrahim Norasmida , Mughal Asad J. , Denbaars Steven P. , Speck James S. , Nakamura Shuji , Zainal Norzaini 
Published: May 2020

This work proposes that roughening on the backside of a GaN substrate prior to InGaN-based LED growth not only simplifies fabrication steps for the LED but also cleans the other side of the substrate that was served as the surface growth for the LED. As compared to post-roughening, forward voltage of the LED has reduced at 3.48 V through the pre-roughening. Further, the peak external quantum efficiency of the LED on the pre-roughened substrate is 21.6% at

12

m
A

/

c
m

2

, while the LED on the post-roughened GaN substrate is 20.6% at

14

m
A

/

c
m

2

.
Hospital-Acquired Versus Community-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Prospective Study
Authors: Patidar Kavish R. , Shamseddeen Hani , Xu Chenjia , Ghabril Marwan S. , Nephew Lauren D. , Desai Archita P. , Anderson Melissa , El-Achkar Tarek M. , Ginès Pere , Chalasani Naga P. , Orman Eric S. 
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION:
In patients with cirrhosis, differences between acute kidney injury (AKI) at the time of hospital admission (community-acquired) and AKI occurring during hospitalization (hospital-acquired) have not been explored. We aimed to compare patients with hospital-acquired AKI (H-AKI) and community-acquired AKI (C-AKI) in a large, prospective study.

METHODS:
Hospitalized patients with cirrhosis were enrolled (N = 519) and were followed for 90 days after discharge for mortality. The primary outcome was mortality within 90 days; secondary outcomes were the development of de novo chronic kidney disease (CKD)/progression of CKD after 90 days. Cox proportional hazards and logistic regressions were used to determine the independent association of either AKI for primary and secondary outcomes, respectively.

RESULTS:
H-AKI occurred in 10%, and C-AKI occurred in 25%. In multivariable Cox models adjusting for significant confounders, only patients with C-AKI had a higher risk for mortality adjusting for model for end-stage liver disease-Na: (hazard ratio 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–2.57, P = 0.033) and adjusting for acute on chronic liver failure: (hazard ratio 2.44, 95% CI 1.63–3.65, P < 0.001). In univariable analysis, community-acquired-AKI, but not hospital-acquired-AKI, was associated with de novo CKD/progression of CKD (odds ratio 2.13, 95% CI 1.09–4.14, P = 0.027), but in multivariable analysis, C-AKI was not independently associated with de novo CKD/progression of CKD. However, when AKI was dichotomized by stage, C-AKI stage 3 was independently associated with de novo CKD/progression of CKD (odds ratio 4.79, 95% CI 1.11–20.57, P = 0.035).

DISCUSSION:
Compared with H-AKI, C-AKI is associated with increased mortality and de novo CKD/progression of CKD in patients with cirrhosis. Patients with C-AKI may benefit from frequent monitoring after discharge to improve outcomes.
Pengaruh kombinasi vitamin c dan vitamin e terhadap Kadar malondialdehid plasma pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2
Authors: Yasin Yade Kurnia , Kartasurya Martha Irene , RMD RA Kisdjamiatun 
Published: May 2020

Background: Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels produced by oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is higher than in non diabetes patients. Vitamin C and E inhibit oxidative stress and MDA production. The purpose of this study was to prove the effects of combined vitamin C and vitamin E on MDA plasma levels in T2DM patients.Methods: This double blind randomized pre post test control group design was carried out on 35 patients with T2DM without complication (age 40-60 yr) in Makassar. The treatment group (n=18) received vitamin C 250 mg/day plus vitamin E 400 IU/day and the control group (n=17) received placebo (seaweed powder 250 mg), for six weeks. Vitamin C was consumed before meal and vitamin E after meal. MDA levels were measured before and after supplementation by using TBARs method. Food intake and activity were derived from 24-hour recall method.Results: There was no different on MDA levels at baseline (p=0.151). At the end of the study, MDA levels increased in control group (5.8±2.74 to 7.2±3.00 nmol/ml; p=0.044) but not in the treatment group (7.2±2.88 to 7.7±2.02 nmol/ml; p=0.490). There was no difference in MDA alteration between the goups (p=0.316). There was no different in MDA levels at the end of the study (p=0.061) and confirmed after controlling the confounding variables: vitamin E intake and fasting blood glucose (p=0.809). Conclusion: Combined vitamin C 250 mg and vitamin E 400 IU for 6 weeks did not reduce MDA levels, but inhibit MDA production in T2DM patients.
Faktor determinan produktivitas kerja pada pekerja wanita
Authors: Widiastuti Suci , Dieny Fillah Fithra 
Published: May 2020

Background: Participations of women in economy activities is not the new phenomenon in Indonesia. Every years total of female workers increase. However, health or nutrition status of female workers haven’t gotten a good attention. This is can effect on lower productivity of female workers than male workers. Objective :This study was aimed to identify determinant factors of work productivity in female workers.Method: This study was an analytical study with cross sectional design. The selection of 40 subjects was performed by simple random sampling method. Data on energy intake was obtained from 3x24 hours food recall form. Body Mass Index (BMI) was measured with anthropometric method. Percentage body fat was measured by Bioelectric Impedance Analyzer (BIA). Haemoglobin was obtained from cyanmethemoglobin method, and data of work productivity was obtained by the comparison of sarong total that weaved succesfully by female workers during 5 work days with company target on time mentioned. The data analyzed with Shapiro wilk, rank spearman, and double linier regression.Result: Most of subjects (45%) were deficiency of energy intake. Total of 37,5% subjects were underweight. More than half of subjects (70%) were classified as normal percentage body fat. Total of 37,5% subjects were anemia, and 35% subjects were not productive. There were correlation between energy intake, percent body fat, BMI and haemoglobin with work productivity (p= 0,016; p= 0,013; p= 0,043; p= 0,000). The most correlation variable with work productivity in female workers was haemoglobin (adjusted R2 = 0,348).Conclusion: Haemoglobin had the most correlation with work productivity in female workers.
Novel heterozygous PIK3CD mutation presenting with only laboratory markers of combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Mandola Amarilla B. , Dadi Harjit , Reid Brenda , Roifman Chaim M. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Delta (PIK3CD) is one part of a heterodimer forming the enzyme phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), found primarily in leukocytes. PIK3CD generates phosphatidyl-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), and is involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility, and morphology. An increasing number of patients have been described with heterozygous PIK3CD gain-of-function (GOF) mutations, leading to combined immunodeficiency with both B- and T-cell dysfunction. Patients suffer recurrent respiratory infections, often associated with bronchiectasis and ear and sinus damage, as well as severe recurrent or persistent infections by herpesviruses, including EBV-induced lymphoproliferation. Aim: To present the clinical phenotypic variability of a novel PI3KCD mutation within a family. Methods: Patient information was collected prospectively and retrospectively from medical records. Comprehensive immune work up, genetic, and signaling evaluation was performed. Results: We describe here 2 patients, daughter and mother, with heterozygous PIK3CD mutation identified by whole exome sequencing and Sanger confirmation. The child was screen-positive by newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Cellular assays revealed an increase in the baseline phosphorylation of T cells in the patient. Furthermore, both patients had hyper-activation of the catalytic domain, resulting in increased phosphorylation of AKT upon activation. Discussion: GOF mutations affecting the PIK3CD gene are associated with an increased risk for lymphoproliferation leading to Activated PIK3-delta syndrome (APDS). The clinical course of APDS is highly variable, ranging from combined immunodeficiency with recurrent infections, autoimmune complications, and requiring stem cell transplantation, through isolated antibody deficiency, to asymptomatic adults. Our patient is the first to be identified by newborn screening for SCID. Surprisingly, the clinical course has so far been unremarkable, as well, the mother appears to be completely asymptomatic. Nevertheless, the persistent lymphopenia indicates PIK3CD dysfunction. Because of the wide gap between laboratory findings and clinical manifestations, this kindred poses both a diagnostic as well treatment challenge. Statement of novelty: We report here a novel PIK3CD mutation diagnosed due to abnormal newborn screen for SCID.
Double false-negative traps in urine routine test: a case report
Authors: Qian Xiang , Liang Hanyu , Ren Zhen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Urinalysis is one of the most commonly performed tests in clinical practice and supplies important information for a series of clinical conditions, including renal and urinary tract diseases. The clinical laboratory often completes urinalysis through the combined use of urinary dry-chemistry and formed-element analyzers. Urine red blood cell (RBC) morphology test is often used to discriminate the source of hematuria by manual microscopy.

Case presentation
In this case report, we describe a 39-year-old woman with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) who underwent both urine routine test and RBC morphology test. Her RBC count was in the normal range and the occult blood test was negative in routine test, while the RBC morphology test indicated the presence of non-homogeneous hematuria.

Conclusions
Therefore, we analyzed the causes of false-negative result on the urine chemical analyzer and the automatic microscope system, respectively.
Evaluation of Soil Coefficients for Two-Parameter Subgrade Soil Model Based on Rigid Plate Loading Tests
Authors: Zhang Wang-Xi , Liu Rui , Yuan Xuan-Xun , Hwang Hyeon-Jong , Yi Wei-Jian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Two-parameter elastic foundation models have great potential for approximate soil-foundation-structure interaction analysis. A hurdle to the wide application of this model has been the difficulty of calibrating the two soil coefficients: the compression coefficient k and shear coefficient G. This paper presents a novel parameter calibration method for k and G based on a number of rigid plate loading tests. Empirical k and G values are also recommended. Experiments showed the validity of the proposed method. Two case studies verified the significance of the two-parameter model in the prediction of footing settlement when interactions among neighboring footings exist.
A Novel Apparatus for Dynamic-Static Coupling Tests on Gas-Adsorbed Coal
Authors: Zhang Bing , Wang Hanpeng , Yuan Liang , Li Shucai , Wang Wei , Zhang Chong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Laboratory testing is an efficient way to study the deformation and failure mechanisms of outburst coal. However, existing devices can only perform static loading tests on gas-adsorbed coal, which is not necessarily the stress condition encountered in coal seam outburst. Additionally, the traditional testing methods used by existing devices are not conducive to acquiring the dynamic performance of gas-adsorbed coal. In this study, a novel apparatus was developed to visualize gas-solid coupling. The apparatus can perform combined loading corresponding to a “static stress + impact disturbance” and a “static stress + gas pressure relief disturbance” on gas-adsorbed coal. The complex dynamic characteristics of the gas-adsorbed coal are comprehensively monitored by high-speed photography and a self-developed circumferential displacement test device. The effectiveness and reliability of the novel apparatus were confirmed by carrying out mechanical tests on gas-adsorbed coal subjected to a pressure relief disturbance and an impact disturbance. The test results showed that a dynamic disturbance can cause a sudden drop in the bearing capacity, a sudden increase in the volumetric strain, and rapid crack propagation in gas-adsorbed coal. The disturbance can even induce coal burst failure, which is very similar to the outburst phenomenon. The developed scientific apparatus can be used to study the deformation and failure mechanisms of gas-adsorbed coal under combined dynamic and static loading.
Performance Evaluation of SMA Mixtures Modified by Nanoclay
Authors: Ameli Alireza , Norouzi Navid , Jalali Farhang , Khabooshani Mohammad , Babagoli Rezvan , Mamaghani Farzin Poorheydari 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Fatigue cracking and permanent deformation are two major distresses that occur in asphalt pavements. Several studies in that past have indicated that utilization of nanomaterials, especially nanoclays, has a significant influence on enhancing the performance of pavement. Therefore, the aim of the current paper is to evaluate the influence of montmorillonite nanoclay on intermediate and high-temperature performance of an original binder and mixture modified by styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS). Different percentages of nanoclay were added to the original binder (1, 2, 3 and 4 % by the weight of the binder). The fatigue and rutting behavior of binders were evaluated through linear amplitude sweep and multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests. To investigate the performance of mixtures, several mixture tests were implemented, such as static and dynamic creep, wheel track, and four-point beam fatigue tests. The results of the MSCR test revealed that the addition of nanoclay and polymer improves the rutting resistance of the binder, and among modified binders, binder modified with 4 % nanoclay and 5 % SBS has the lowest Jnr and highest percent recovery value. Based on the mixture performance tests results, by the addition of nanoclay, the fatigue and rutting resistance of mixtures increased up to 3 %, and by the addition of more nanoclay, a decreasing trend was observed.
ECE2 regulates neurogenesis and neuronal migration during human cortical development
Authors: Buchsbaum Isabel Y , Kielkowski Pavel , Giorgio Grazia , O'Neill Adam C , Di Giaimo Rossella , Kyrousi Christina , Khattak Shahryar , Sieber Stephan A , Robertson Stephen P , Cappello Silvia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring embryonic development, excitatory projection neurons migrate in the cerebral cortex giving rise to organised layers. Periventricular heterotopia (PH) is a group of aetiologically heterogeneous disorders in which a subpopulation of newborn projection neurons fails to initiate their radial migration to the cortex, ultimately resulting in bands or nodules of grey matter lining the lateral ventricles. Although a number of genes have been implicated in its cause, currently they only satisfactorily explain the pathogenesis of the condition for 50% of patients. Novel gene discovery is complicated by the extreme genetic heterogeneity recently described to underlie its cause. Here, we study the neurodevelopmental role of endothelin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ECE2) for which two biallelic variants have been identified in two separate patients with PH. Our results show that manipulation of ECE2 levels in human cerebral organoids and in the developing mouse cortex leads to ectopic localisation of neural progenitors and neurons. We uncover the role of ECE2 in neurogenesis, and mechanistically, we identify its involvement in the generation and secretion of extracellular matrix proteins in addition to cytoskeleton and adhesion.
T2-signal intensity, SSTR expression, and somatostatin analogs efficacy predict response to pasireotide in acromegaly
Authors: Coopmans Eva C , Schneiders Joppe J , El-Sayed Nour , Erler Nicole S , Hofland Leo J , van der Lely Aart-Jan , Petrossians Patrick , Potorac Julia , Muhammad Ammar , Neggers Sebastian J C M M 
Published: May 2020

Objective
T2-signal intensity and somatostatin (SST) receptor expression are recognized predictors of therapy response in acromegaly. We investigated the relationship between these predictors and the hormonal and tumoral responses to long-acting pasireotide (PAS-LAR) therapy, which were also compared with responsiveness to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs).

Design
The PAPE study is a cohort study.

Methods
We included 45 acromegaly patients initially receiving SRLs, followed by combination therapy with pegvisomant, and finally PAS-LAR. We assessed tumor volume reduction (≥25% from baseline), IGF-1 levels (expressed as the upper limit of normal), and T2-weighted MRI signal and SST receptor expression of the adenoma.

Results
Patients with significant tumor shrinkage during PAS-LAR showed higher IGF-1 levels during PAS-LAR (mean (S.D.): 1.36 (0.53) vs 0.93 (0.43), P = 0.020), less IGF-1 reduction after first-generation SRLs (mean (S.D.): 0.55 (0.71) vs 1.25 (1.07), P = 0.028), and lower SST2 receptor expression (median (IQR): 2.0 (1.0–6.0) vs 12.0 (7.5–12.0), P = 0.040). Overall, T2-signal intensity ratio was increased compared with baseline (mean (S.D.): 1.39 (0.56) vs 1.25 (0.52), P = 0.017) and a higher T2-signal was associated with lower IGF-1 levels during PAS-LAR (β: −0.29, 95% CI: −0.56 to −0.01, P = 0.045). A subset of PAS-LAR treated patients with increased T2-signal intensity achieved greater reduction of IGF-1 (mean (S.D.): 0.80 (0.60) vs 0.45 (0.39), P = 0.016).

Conclusions
Patients unresponsive to SRLs with a lower SST2 receptor expression are more prone to achieve tumor shrinkage during PAS-LAR. Surprisingly, tumor shrinkage is not accompanied by a biochemical response, which is accompanied with a higher T2-signal intensity.