bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sensitive method for low input amount of exosomes in mouse model liquid biopsy using two-stage PCR
Authors: Rho HyunWook , Choi Yuna , Park MiRae , Jang EunJi , Mun Byonggel , Haam Seungjoo , SON HYE YOUNG , Huh YongMin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Recently, many potential non-invasive biomarkers have been developed using exosome-based liquid biopsy for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. However, exosome analyses from small liquid biopsy samples have been limited with regard to sensitivity and efficiency. Methods We used a breast cancer model mouse with ERBB2 overexpression and collected liquid biopsy samples. We performed two-stage PCR for ERBB2, PPP1R1B, GRB7, and STARD3 genes. We compared conventional PCR methods with our two-stage PCR method. Both methods had same step of primer and cycle and amplification condition for RT-qPCR. PCR amplicons quality was validated by using the Sanger method. Results Quantitative analysis of all samples by conventional PCR compared with two-stage PCR template dilution (1/200) showed similar Ct values in all sample groups (cell, supernatant, urine, and plasma). Sequencing of the two-stage PCR-derived products revealed no changes in product sequence compared to that of conventional PCR. The obtained sequences showed 98-99% match of target gene sequences in the databases according to BLAST searches. Conclusion Two-stage PCR has better sensitivity and efficiency than conventional PCR methods for small-volume samples. Additionally, this method is useful for monitoring, as many genes can be assayed at once.
Liver Fibrosis Indices and Hemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Yanan , Cheng Yajun , Qiu Ke , Song Quhong , Liu Junfeng , Liu Ming 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is recognized as a common compilation of acute ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate whether liver fibrosis indices are related to HT.
Methods: We included ischemic stroke patients within 7 days of symptom onset. We calculated 3 liver fibrosis indices including the Aspartate Aminotransferase - Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), the Fibrosis - 4 (FIB - 4) score, and the Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fibrosis Score (NFS) . Primary outcome was HT and secondary outcomes were symptomatic HT or parenchymal hemorrhage. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the association between liver fibrosis indices and outcomes.
Results: Among 2033 patients with ischemic stroke, the median APRI, FIB - 4 and NFS were significantly higher in HT cases compared with controls (APRI: 0.37 vs. 0.31; FIB-4: 2.44 vs. 1.86; 0.13 vs. -0.30, respectively; all P <0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, the OR (95%CI) of HT for those in the highest tertile of APRI was 1.53 (1.05 - 2.24) compared with patients in the lowest tertile ( P for trend = 0.038). FIB - 4 (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.82 - 2.01; P for trend = 0.07) and NFS (OR 1.31, 0.71 - 2.44; P for trend = 0.068) were not associated with HT. Indices were not associated with the secondary outcomes.
Conclusions: In patients with ischemic stroke, high APRI was associated with increased risks of HT, suggesting that APRI might be a prognostic biomarker for HT after acute ischemic stroke.
Extrasynaptic CaMKIIα is involved in the antidepressant effects of ketamine by downregulating GluN2B receptors in an LPS-induced depression model
Authors: Tang Xiao-Hui , Zhang Guang-Fen , Xu Ning , Duan Gui-Fang , Jia Min , Liu Ru , Zhou Zhi-Qiang , Yang Jian-Jun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background

A subanesthetic dose of ketamine provides rapid and effective antidepressant effects, but the molecular mechanism of this treatment remains elusive.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the role of CaMKIIα in the antidepressant effects of ketamine using an LPS-induced mouse model of depression, explored the different changes of CaMKIIα in the synaptic and extrasynaptic regions of the hippocampus, and clarified the relationship between CaMKIIα and GluN2B from extrasynaptic perspective.

Results

Ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) administration attenuated the LPS-induced increase in extrasynaptic CaMKIIα activity (p-CaMKIIα) and extrasynaptic GluN2B localization and phosphorylation and that ketamine exerted antidepressant effects. Immunoprecipitation assay revealed that in the extrasynaptic region of the hippocampus, p-CaMKIIα bound to GluN2B, and ketamine administration attenuated the enhanced interaction between p-CaMKIIα and GluN2B induced by LPS. KN93, a CaMKIIα inhibitor, could also reverse the high level of extrasynaptic p-CaMKIIα, reduce hippocampal extrasynaptic GluN2B localization and phosphorylation, and exert antidepressant effects. Additional changes downstream of the ketamine-induced changes in extrasynaptic GluN2B included rescuing the downregulated expression of p-CREB, BDNF, and GluR1 and reversing the impaired induction of LTP in the hippocampus induced by LPS.

Conclusion

These results indicate that extrasynaptic CaMKIIα plays a key role in the cellular mechanism of ketamine's antidepressant effect and is related to the down-regulation of extrasynaptic GluN2B localization and phosphorylation and further affects synaptic plasticity.
In vivo antimalarial activity of the crude leaf extract of Combretum molle against Plasmodium berghei in mice
Authors: Shibeshi Melkamu Adigo , Aragaw Tezera Jemere , Adinew Getnet Mequanint , Enyew Engdaw Fentahun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Malaria is an infectious, hematologic disease causing death and illness in children and adults, especially in tropical countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimalarial activity of Combretum molle extract in vivo assays against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss albino mice. Methods Plasmodium berghei a rodent malaria parasite was inoculated to healthy Swiss Albino mice age 6–8 weeks either sex, weight 20–33g. 100, 200 and 400mg/kg/day of Crude methanolic extract of Combretum molle were administered. Parameters such as Percent parasitemia, body weight, Body temperature, packed cell volume and survival time were then determined using standard tests. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Post hoc Tukey HSD test with SPSS software version 24.0 and P ≤0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results Chemosuppresive effect exerted by the crude extract ranged between 27-68%. The curative effect of the crude extract was in the range of 25-49% and ptophylactic effect of the crude extract was in the range of 51–76.2%%. The maximum effect in all tests on Chemosuppresive, curative, Prophylactic, prevention of weight loss, body temperature and packed cell volume and an increase in mean survival time was observed at higher doses of the crude extract. Conclusion From the present study it can be concluded that the crude extract of Combretum molle leaves has been shown promising antimalarial activity. This finding supports the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of malaria in Ethiopia. Thus, it could be considered as a potential source to develop safe, effective and affordable antimalarial agent.
Molecular identification and evolutionary relationships between the subspecies of Musa by DNA barcodes
Authors: Selvaraj Dhivya , I Ashutosh , I Gowtham , V Baskar , A Baala harini , S Mukunthakumar , R Sathishkumar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The banana ( Musa sp., AAA ) genome is constantly increasing due to high frequency somaclonal variations. Due to its large diversity, a conventional numerical and morphological based taxonomic identification of banana cultivars is laborious, difficult, and often is a subject of disagreements. Results: In study, we used ITS2 region to identify and determine the genetic relationship between the cultivars and varieties of banana. Herein, a total of 16 banana cultivars were PCR amplified using ITS2 region. In addition, 321 sequences were retrieved from GenBank, USA, and used for the study. The sequences were aligned using Clustal W and genetic distances computed using MEGA V5.1. The significant divergence between the intra- and -specific genetic distances of ITS2 region was observed and the presence of a DNA barcoding gap was obvious. Based on BLAST1 and Distance methods, the results proved that ITS2 region can be successfully identified and distinguished for the cultivar and varieties of banana. Secondly, in this study, ITS2 revealed the relations between the cultivar and varieties of banana. Conclusion: Thus, from this study, it is clear that ITS2 is not only an efficient DNA barcode to identify the banana species but also a potential candidate to study phylogenetic relationships between subspecies and cultivars. This is the first comprehensive study to categorically distinguish the economically important banana sub-species and varieties using DNA barcodes and to understand its evolutionary relationship
Economic Burden of HIV/AIDS Infection in Iran; a Modelling Approach
Authors: Ghiasvand Hesam , Shamseddin Jebreil , Biglarian Akbar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background HIV/AIDS infection is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing and poor countries. It may potentially lead to economic burden on health system. Prevalence of HIV/AIDS infection in is a debatable issue among researchers, and as our best knowledge, there is lack in economic evidence in this regard in Iran. The purpose of this study is calculating the economic burden of HIV/AIDS infection in Iran in 2016. Methods We used a societal perspective to capture the direct and indirect costs attributed to HIV/AIDS infection in until end of 2016. We used a prevalence model based approach to estimate the costs of the infection in Iran. For developing our model, we used the Iran Ministry of Health National Guideline for Managing of the infection of Iran by health and medical practitioners. We analysed the HIV/AIDS Surveillance System in three base case, optimistic and pessimistic approaches as our sensitivity analysis. Results Total direct costs and indirect costs attributed to the HIV/AIDS infection were 7,946,530 and 1,288,586 US$ until end of 2016. In addition, the total cost is 8,785,116. Conclusions Direct costs form approximately 85% of total costs of HIV/AIDS infection in Iran. However, we should consider that these costs are just for about 14.3% of diagnosed people who are under Antiretroviral Therapy, therefor if the government wants to scale up ART to large proportion of the population, it expectedly will raise.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of Fulminant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Authors: ling yaoyao , Zhang Tongqiang , Zhu Zhenli , Tian Jiao , xu yongsheng , Cai Chunquan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Analyze the clinical characteristics of Fulminant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (FMPP), and explore the related factors predicting FMPP. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was performed on 345 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) hospitalized in our Hospital from January 2017 to June 2019. The clinical features, laboratory data and radiological findings were compared between the FMPP group, refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP)group and general Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (GMPP) group. RESULTS: FMPP patients (n=69) had more severe presentations, higher incidence of extra-pulmonary complications and more serious radiological findings(P<0.05). And the days of fever and the days in hospital were longer, and FMPP patients also need more complicated treatments(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the levels of white blood cell count(WBC) ,C-reactive protein(CRP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin (IL)-6,ferritin, D-dimer, fibrinogen(FG),alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and the percentage of neutrophils in the FMPP group were significantly higher than those in the RMPP group and the GMPP group (both P<0.05). In ROC curve analysis, the percentage of neutrophils, WBC, CRP, LDH, IL-6, ferritin, D-dimer and ALT were contributed to identify FMPP patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ferritin>174.15 ng/mL, IL-6>25.475pg/ml and pleural effusion had significant predictive effects on the early diagnosis of FMPP (P<0.01). Conclusion: FMPP patients presented more serious clinical manifestations. Ferritin>174.15 ng/mL, IL-6>25.475pg/ml and pleural effusion were high risk factors for FMPP.
Performance Comparisson Human Activity Recognition Using Simple Linear Method
Authors: Kusuma Wahyu Andhyka , Sari Zamah , Minarno Agus Eko , Wibowo Hardianto , Akbi Denar Regata , Jawas Naser 
Published: February 2020

Human activity recognition (HAR) with daily activities have become leading problems in human physical analysis. HAR with wide application in several areas of human physical analysis were increased along with several machine learning methods. This topic such as fall detection, medical rehabilitation or other smart appliance in physical analysis application has increase degree of life. Smart wearable devices with inertial sensor accelerometer and gyroscope were popular sensor for physical analysis. The previous research used this sensor with a various position in the human body part. Activities can classify in three class, static activity (SA), transition activity (TA), and dynamic activity (DA). Activity from complexity in activities can be separated in low and high complexity based on daily activity. Daily activity pattern has the same shape and patterns with gathering sensor. Dataset used in this paper have acquired from 30 volunteers. Seven basic machine learning algorithm Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosted and K-Nearest Neighbor. Confusion activities were solved with a simple linear method. The purposed method Logistic Regression achieves 98% accuracy same as SVM with linear kernel, with same result hyperparameter tuning for both methods have the same accuracy. LR and SVC its better used in SA and DA without TA in each recognizing.
More Unnecessary Imaginary Worlds – Part 2: The ICER Evidence Report on Modeling Oral Semaglutide for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Langley Paul 
Published: February 2020

On 9 December 2019, the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) released its final evidence report to establish the value of oral semaglutide (Novo Nordisk) for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A key element in this report was the development of a lifetime cost effectiveness microsimulation model based on a small sample of NHANES diabetes respondents. The model contrasted oral semaglutide added to current antihyperglycemic treatment for T2DM. The purpose of the model was to estimate outcomes that included life years (LYs) gained, an estimate of equal value life years gained (evLYGs), QALYs gained, clinical events, cost per major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) avoided and total costs for each intervention over a lifetime time horizon. Previous commentaries in INNOVATTIONS in Pharmacy have provided detailed critiques of the ICER modeling framework. While this model differs from previous ICER models, the result is still a framework that constructs a so-called evidence base that fails the demarcation test. It is best described as pseudoscience. The model creates, by assumption, an imaginary world. The claims made for oral semaglutide by ICER should not be taken seriously by health care decision makers. The purpose of this commentary is to point to the limitations of the model with particular reference to the utility metrics employed, the resulting claims for quality adjusted life years (QALYs) and consequent recommendations for price discounting and affordability.

Article Type: Commentary
Oral health and well-being of adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment: perspective of the adolescents and their parents/caregivers
Authors: Mattos Yasmin Pissolati , Guimarães Abreu Lucas , Martins Paiva Salu 
Published: February 2020

Aim: To evaluate the oral health and well-being of adolescents with malocclusion who were submitted to orthodontic treatment, assessing the perspective of parents/caregivers and adolescents and to investigate the effects of orthodontic treatment among adolescents on the perception of oral health and well-being, in relation to the opinion of parents/caregivers and adolescents. Methods: Adolescents between 11 and 12 years submitted to orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances at the Federal University of Minas Gerais and their parents/caregivers participated. Adolescents and their parents/caregivers answered questions about the health of adolescents’ teeth, lips, jaws and mouth and about how the condition of adolescents’ teeth, lips, jaws or mouth affects adolescents overall life or well-being before orthodontic treatment onset and 12 months after fixed appliances’ placement. Results: Parents had a significantly more negative perception of the impact of malocclusion on adolescents’ lives or well-being (p<0.001). Adolescents reported that their oral health improved after 12 months of orthodontic treatment (p<0.001). Adolescents also reported that their lives or well-being was significantly less affected after 12 months of orthodontic treatment (p=0.026). Parents/caregivers reported that their adolescents’ oral health improved after 12 months of orthodontic treatment (p<0.001). Parents/caregivers also reported that their adolescents’ lives or well-being was significantly less affected after 12 months of orthodontic treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: Parents/caregivers have a more negative perception regarding the impact of malocclusion on the life and well-being of an adolescent. After 12 months of orthodontic treatment onset, parents/caregivers and adolescents considered that adolescents’ overall health and well-being had improved.

Keywords: adolescent, malocclusion, orthodontic treatment, oral health, well-being.
Alternativa de tratamiento oportuno de mordida cruzada posterior unilateral en dentición primaria y mixta temprana. Serie de casos.
Authors: Mora Zuluaga Nataly , Hernández Jesús Alberto , Rodriguez Carolina 
Published: February 2020

Introducción Las mordidas cruzadas posteriores unilaterales (MCPU) constituyen uno de los tipos de maloclusiones más frecuentes encontrados tanto en dentición primaria como en dentición mixta temprana. Debido a su origen multifactorial su tratamiento se encuentra enfocado no solo en la corrección de la maloclusión, sino en obtener una estabilidad oclusal y funcional a largo plazo que disminuya las alteraciones en el crecimiento y desarrollo del sistema estomatognático en edades tempranas. El objetivo de esta serie de casos es presentar dos alternativas de tratamiento oportuno para esta maloclusión.
Descripción de los casos El primer caso es un paciente de 8 años de edad con MCPU izquierda quien recibe tratamiento de expansión palatina controlada con un tornillo tipo Hyrax con férula acrílica, en el cual se obtienen resultados favorables en corto tiempo y con estabilidad a largo plazo. El segundo caso es una paciente de 4 años de edad con MCPU derecha a la cual se le realizan Pistas Directas Planas logrando un cambio postural mandibular deseado.
Discusión En las alternativas de tratamiento presentadas, varios autores han reportado una serie de beneficios obtenidos a partir del tipo de intervención que no solo logran la corrección de la maloclusión, sino que a su vez alcanzan la mejoría de estructuras que componen el complejo craneofacial, dentro de los cuales se destaca la estabilidad a largo plazo deseada. Estos beneficios se obtienen a través de la alternativa de tratamiento seleccionada, según el diagnóstico y las características clínicas presentadas en cada paciente y justifica la decisión de realizar una intervención temprana especialmente en este tipo de maloclusión.
Conclusión El tratamiento temprano de la mordida cruzada posterior unilateral debe ser seleccionado según el tipo de dentición y necesidad del paciente, lo que favorece el adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo del sistema estomatognático.
Palabras Claves
Mordida cruzada posterior unilateral, maloclusión, tratamiento oportuno, pistas directas planas, expansión palatina.
Effects of periodontal therapy with topical antibiotics in the glycemic control of diabetic patients: systematic review.
Authors: Aranzazu-Moya Gloria Cristina 
Published: February 2020

Background: Periodontal disease is considered as a diabetes complication and has been suggested that periodontal treatment plus antibiotics should reduce glycated hemoglobin A, by reducing local production of pro inflammatory substances.
Objective: To evaluate diabetic patients with periodontal disease under periodontal treatment plus topical antibiotics and reduction of HbA1c, compared to diabetic patients under periodontal treatment without antibiotics.
Materials and Methods: Using PUBMED, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, EMBASE and Google Scholar data bases, were screened documents from 2008 to 2018. The documents included were the clinical studies, which included non-surgical periodontal treatment plus topical antibiotics, whose outcomes included the HbA1c report. Two independent researchers evaluate title; abstract and bias risk with Downs Black scale and Cochrane tool. Documents with a score higher than 15 on average by the two evaluators were included.
Results: Five articles, which find inclusion criteria, were identified. Two documents failed to demonstrate statistically significant effect when compared to non-surgical periodontal therapy alone.
Conclusion: In general a modest reduction of HbA1c was identified when using antibiotic therapy.