bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do bulges stop stars forming?
Authors: Eales Stephen , Eales Oliver , de Vis Pieter 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we use the Herschel Reference Survey to make a direct test of the hypothesis that the growth of a stellar bulge leads to a reduction in the star formation efficiency of a galaxy (or conversely a growth in the gas-depletion time-scale) as a result of the stabilization of the gaseous disc by the gravitational field of the bulge. We find a strong correlation between star formation efficiency and specific star formation rate in galaxies without prominent bulges and in galaxies of the same morphological type, showing that there must be some other process besides the growth of a bulge that reduces the star formation efficiency in galaxies. However, we also find that galaxies with more prominent bulges (Hubble types E to Sab) do have significantly lower star formation efficiencies than galaxies with later morphological types, which is at least consistent with the hypothesis that the growth of a bulge leads to the reduction in the star formation efficiency. The answer to the question in the title is therefore yes and no: bulges may reduce the star formation efficiency in galaxies but there must also be some other process at work. We also find that there is a significant but small difference in the star formation efficiencies of galaxies with and without bars, in the sense that galaxies with bars have slightly higher star formation efficiencies.
Investigation on young radio AGNs based on SDSS spectroscopy
Authors: Liao Mai , Gu Minfeng 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The gigahertz peaked spectrum (GPS) sources, compact steep spectrum (CSS) radio sources, and high-frequency peaker (HFP) radio sources are thought to be young radio active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at the early stage of AGN evolution. We investigated the optical properties of the largest sample of 126 young radio AGNs based on the spectra in SDSS DR12. We find that the black hole masses MBH range from 107.32 to 109.84$\rm M_{\odot }$ and the Eddington ratios Redd vary from 10−4.93 to 100.37, suggesting that young radio AGNs have various accretion activities and not all are accreting at high accretion rate. Our young radio sources generally follow the evolutionary trend towards large-scale radio galaxies with increasing linear size and decreasing accretion rate in the radio power–linear size diagram. The radio properties of low-luminosity young radio AGNs with low Redd are discussed. The line width of [O iii] λ5007 core (σ[O iii]) is found to be a good surrogate of stellar velocity dispersion σ*. The radio luminosity $L_{\rm 5\, GHz}$ correlates strongly with [O iii] core luminosity L[O iii], suggesting that radio activity and accretion are closely related in young radio sources. We find one object that can be defined as a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy, representing a population of young AGNs with both young jet and early accretion activity. The optical variabilities of 15 quasars with multi-epoch spectroscopy were investigated. Our results show that the optical variability in young AGN quasars presents low variations ($\leqslant \! 60{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) similar to the normal radio-quiet quasars.
Optical and X-ray studies of three polars: RX J0859.1+0537, RX J0749.1–0549, and RX J0649.8–0737
Authors: Joshi Arti , Pandey J C , Raj Ashish , Singh K P , Anupama G C , Singh H P 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We present optical photometric and spectroscopic observations, and an analysis of archival X-ray data of three polars: RX J0859.1+0537, RX J0749.1–0549, and RX J0649.8–0737. Optical light curves of these three polars reveal eclipse-like features that are deep, total, and variable in shape. The optical and X-ray modulations of RX J0859.1+0537, RX J0749.1–0549, and RX J0649.8–0737 are both found to occur at the orbital periods of 2.393 ± 0.003 h, 3.672 ± 0.001 h, and 4.347 ± 0.001 h, respectively. RX J0859.1+0537 is found to be a polar that lies in the region of the period gap, whereas RX J0749.1–0549 and RX J0649.8–0737 are found to be long-period polars above the period gap. The eclipse length is found to be 61 min for RX J0749.1–0549 in the Rband, which is the highest among the long-period eclipsing polars. The radius of the eclipsed light source is found to be more than the actual size of the white dwarf for these three systems, indicating that the eclipsed component is not only the white dwarf but also appears to include the presence of an extended accretion region. Optical spectra of these systems show the presence of high-ionization emission lines along with the strong Balmer emission lines with an inverted Balmer decrement. Cyclotron harmonics are also detected in the optical spectra from which we infer magnetic field strength of the surface of the white dwarf to be 49 ± 2 MG, 43.5 ± 1.4 MG, and 44 ± 1 MG for RX J0859.1+0537, RX J0749.1–0549, and RX J0649.8–0737, respectively.
Week-by-week changes in sleep EEG in healthy full-term newborns
Authors: Corsi-Cabrera María , Cubero-Rego Lourdes , Ricardo-Garcell Josefina , Harmony Thalia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Spectral analysis of neonatal sleep is useful for studying brain maturation; however, most studies have analyzed conventional broad bands described for awake adults, so a distinct approach for EEG analysis may disclose new findings.

Study Objectives
To extract independent EEG broad bands using principal component analysis (PCA) and describe week-by-week EEG changes in quiet sleep (QS) and active sleep (AS) during the first 5 weeks of postnatal life in healthy, full-term newborns.

Methods
Polysomnography of spontaneous sleep was recorded in 60 newborns in 5 groups at 41, 42, 43, 44, and 45 weeks (n = 12 each) postconceptional age (POST-C). QS and AS stages were identified. Absolute power (AP) for 1 Hz bins between 1 and 30 Hz was subjected to PCA to extract independent broad bands.

Results
PCA rendered three independent broad bands distinct from conventional bands. They explained 82.8% of variance: 2–10 Hz, 10–16 Hz, and 17–30 Hz. ANOVAs (group × age × derivations) showed significant higher power at 2–10 Hz with greater age, higher power in QS than AS in all three bands, and significantly higher AP in the left central region, and in the right occipital and temporal areas, in both sleep stages.

Conclusion
A different method of analyzing sleep EEG generated new information on brain maturation. The Sigma frequencies identified suggest that sleep spindle maturation begins by at least 41 weeks of POST-C age. Interhemispheric asymmetries during sleep suggest earlier development of the central left region and the right occipital and temporal areas.
Surgical Intervention in Patients With Tubo-Ovarian Abscess: Clinical Predictors and a Simple Risk Score
Authors: Fouks Yuval , Cohen Aviad , Shapira Udi , Solomon Neta , Almog Benny , Levin Ishai 
Published: October 2019

(Abstracted from J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019;26:535–543)
Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) presents as an infectious mass of the adnexa and is a late complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in up to 30% of cases. TOA is associated with significant patient morbidities, including pain, sepsis, and recurrent hospitalizations and may lead to long-term complications such as chronic pelvic pain, pelvic adhesions, infertility, and ectopic pregnancies.
Building on the ACA to Achieve Universal Coverage
Authors: Fiedler Matthew , Aaron Henry J. , Adler Loren , Ginsburg Paul B. , Young Christen L. 
Published: October 2019

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2019;380(18):1685–1688)
Before the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the United States did not significantly reduce the percentage of Americans without health insurance coverage over the past several decades. After the ACA was enacted, US residents without coverage went from 16% to 9%.
Which Anterior Acetabular Fracture Surgical Approach is Preferred? A Survey of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Active Membership
Authors: Moed Berton R. , Israel Heidi A. 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
The goal of this survey was to determine the current surgeon-preferred anterior surgical approach for the treatment of acetabular fractures in North America.

Design:
Web-based survey;

Participants:
Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) members.

Methods:
Active members of the OTA were solicited to participate in an OTA-sponsored survey asking for their preferred standard anterior surgical approach to the acetabulum, along with some general demographic data. The approach choices were: the classic ilioinguinal as described by Letournel, a modified ilioinguinal, the modified Stoppa (Anterior Intrapelvic) with or without a lateral window, the pararectus, and an alternative to be specified by the survey taker.

Results:
Of the 675 total active OTA membership, 214 (32%) satisfactorily completed the survey. Of the 214 active members, only 32 (15%) prefer the classic ilioinguinal approach and 60 (28%) prefer some type of modified ilioinguinal approach. More than half of the active member respondents (121; 56.5%) prefer the modified Stoppa approach. Statistical analysis of the respondents' demographic data revealed only years in practice to be significantly different among treatment options (P < 0.01) with those with the least time in practice preferring the modified Stoppa.

Conclusions:
It seems that the modified Stoppa has become the preferred anterior acetabular fracture surgical approach in North America, being especially favored by those more recently in practice. The exact reasons for this change cannot be determined from this survey and are most likely multifactorial. However, training experience may play an important role.
Weight Loss: How Does It Fit in With Liposuction?
Authors: Davis William , Lawrence Naomi 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND
Weight loss is traditionally viewed as straightforward counting of calories in and calories out, with little regard to the role of the adipocytes tasked with storing said calories. However, the body executes a complex compensatory response to any intervention that depletes its energy stores. Here, the authors discuss the methods used to attain weight loss, the body's response to this weight loss, and the difficulties in maintaining weight loss. Furthermore, the authors provide an overview of the literature on the physiological effects of liposuction.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the role of adipose tissue in energy homeostasis, methods of weight loss, weight regain, and the effect of liposuction on endocrine signaling.

METHODS
The authors conducted a narrative review of representative studies.

CONCLUSION
A variety of strategies for weight loss exist, and optimizing one's weight status may in turn optimize the aesthetic outcomes of liposuction. This is most apparent in the preferential reaccumulation of fat in certain areas after liposuction and the ability to avoid this with a negative energy balance.
Old wine into new wineskins: an update for female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Shaw Jonathan S. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose of review
To review minimally invasive modifications of traditional surgeries for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in light of increased demand.

Recent findings
Prior to the synthetic mid-urethral sling (MUS), traditional procedures were used to correct SUI. Often these were retropubic colposuspension procedures for a hypermobile urethra and fascial slings for sphincter deficiency but fell out of favor because of increased morbidity compared with synthetic MUS. As controversy rages over use of mesh in female pelvic reconstructive surgery, more women desire nonmesh alternatives. Traditional approaches have been modified to enable colposuspensions and fascial slings to be performed minimally invasively without minimizing efficacy.

Summary
Minimally invasive modifications to traditional procedures for SUI have been available for about a decade but interest has been recently reignited in the setting of patient concern over mesh.
Effect of Brexpiprazole on Agitation and Hostility in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Citrome Leslie , Ouyang John , Shi Lily , Meehan Stine R. , Baker Ross A. , Weiss Catherine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Managing agitation and hostility represents a significant treatment challenge in schizophrenia. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy of brexpiprazole for reducing agitation and hostility in schizophrenia.

Methods
This was a post hoc analysis of data from two 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers, NCT01396421 and NCT01393613) and a 52-week, open-label, extension study (NCT01397786). In the short-term studies, 1094 patients received placebo, 2 mg/d of brexpiprazole, or 4 mg/d of brexpiprazole; 346 brexpiprazole-treated patients rolled over into the long-term study and received 1 to 4 mg/d of brexpiprazole. Agitation was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Excited Component (EC), and hostility was assessed using the PANSS hostility item (P7).

Results
Brexpiprazole improved PANSS-EC score over 6 weeks, with least squares mean differences versus placebo of −0.69 (95% confidence limits, −1.28, −0.11) for 2 mg/d (P = 0.020) and −1.11 (−1.70, −0.53) for 4 mg/d (P = 0.0002). In the subgroup with hostility at baseline (P7 score ≥3; 50.8% of the randomized sample), least squares mean differences versus placebo at week 6 on the PANSS-EC were −0.63 (−1.54, 0.28) for 2 mg/d (P = 0.18) and −1.03 (−1.92, −0.14) for 4 mg/d (P = 0.024), and on P7 (adjusted for positive symptoms) were −0.27 (−0.53, −0.01) for 2 mg/d (P = 0.038) and −0.34 (−0.59, −0.09) for 4 mg/d (P = 0.0080). The improvements were maintained over 58 weeks. Adverse events were generally comparable between treatment groups over 6 weeks; the incidence of akathisia among patients with hostility was 5.9% with placebo, 5.2% with 2 mg/d, and 8.6% with 4 mg/d.

Conclusions
Brexpiprazole has the potential to be an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment for agitation and hostility among patients with schizophrenia.
Combining faecal calprotectin and sigmoidoscopy can predict mucosal healing in paediatric ulcerative colitis
Authors: Kim Seung , Park Sowon , Kang Yunkoo , Koh Hong 
Published: October 2019

Objectives
Mucosal healing is the endoscopic treatment target in inflammatory bowel disease. The treat-to-target strategy, emphasizing proactive assessment and optimizing treatment, is commonly applied in the clinical setting. Although colonoscopies are essential for this strategy to be successful, bowel preparation and sedative drugs are required for paediatric patients. We attempted to verify the usefulness of sigmoidoscopy, which is less invasive than colonoscopy, combined with faecal calprotectin, to assess mucosal healing.

Methods
A total of 58 paediatric patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and followed up at Severance Children’s Hospital from March 2015 to May 2018 were enrolled. Clinical data and laboratory findings (including faecal calprotectin and endoscopic data) were collected from medical records. The predictive power of mucosal healing of sigmoid colon and rectum (s-MH) combined with faecal calprotectin to predict mucosal healing throughout the colon was analysed.

Results
Among 58 patients (mean age 16.13 ± 2.88 years), 18 (31.0%) were in mucosal healing status. The median faecal calprotectin level was 486.5 μg/g. The faecal calprotectin cutoff value for predicting mucosal healing, identified using receiver-operating characteristic analyses, was 148 μg/g (area under the curve, 0.81). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of s-MH in predicting mucosal healing were 1.0, 0.82, 0.72, and 1.0, respectively. When we combined s-MH with faecal calprotectin less than the cutoff value, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.56, 1.0, 1.0, and 0.83, respectively.

Conclusion
For patients with a low faecal calprotectin level, sigmoidoscopy might be sufficient to assess mucosal healing.
Hospitalizations Involving an Intensive Care Unit Admission Among Patients Aged 65 Years and Older Within New York City Hospitals During 2000–2014
Authors: Illescas Alex H. , Kache Pallavi A. , Whittemore Katherine , Lucero David E. , Quinn Celia , Daskalakis Demetre , Vora Neil M. 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
To describe hospitalizations involving an intensive care unit (ICU) admission among patients aged 65 years and older within New York City (NYC) hospitals during 2000–2014.

Design:
Observational study using an all-payer hospital discharge dataset.

Setting:
The setting was in NYC hospitals.

Patients:
Patients aged 65 years and older admitted to an ICU within a NYC hospital during 2000–2014.

Interventions:
No interventions were carried out.

Measurements and Main Results:
We calculated the mean annual number of hospitalizations involving an ICU admission. We also examined characteristics of hospitalizations, including the occurrence of in-hospital death and principal diagnosis. There were 5,338,577 hospitalizations of patients aged ≥65 years within NYC hospitals during 2000–2014, of which 765,084 (14.3%) involved an ICU admission. The mean annual number of hospitalizations involving an ICU admission for this age group decreased from 57,938 during 2000–2002 to 45,785 during 2012–2014. The proportion of hospitalizations involving an ICU admission in which in-hospital death occurred decreased from 15.9% during 2000–2002 to 14.5% during 2012–2014. During 2000–2002, 11.6% of hospitalizations involving an ICU admission listed an “infectious” principal diagnosis, increasing to 20.7% during 2012–2014. Listing of a “cardiovascular” principal diagnosis decreased from 46.4% to 33.4% between these time periods. “Infectious” principal diagnoses accounted for 31.0% of all hospitalizations involving an ICU admission in which in-hospital death occurred during the entire study period, while “cardiovascular” principal diagnoses accounted for 21.3%.

Conclusions:
This investigation provides a clearer understanding of ICU utilization among patients aged 65 years and older in NYC. Ongoing monitoring is warranted given projections that the proportion of New Yorkers aged 65 years and older will increase in coming years. In particular, in light of the observed increase of infectious principal diagnoses during the study period, further investigation is needed into the role of infectious disease in causing critical illness in NYC.
Use of Lumen‐apposing Metal Stents for Endoscopic Drainage of Intra‐abdominal Fluid Collections in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Costa Peter A. , Ho Sammy , Manvar Amar , Rivas Yolanda , Novak Inna 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Intraabdominal fluid collections that previously required surgical intervention can now be drained with less invasive techniques. The use of lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMS) to treat pancreatic pseudocysts and perirectal abscesses has been shown to be a safe and effective technique in adults. We aim to evaluate the indications, outcomes, and complications of the use of LAMS in pediatric patients at our institution.Methods:A retrospective chart review was performed to study patients up to 18 years of age at the Children's Hospital at Montefiore who underwent drainage of intraabdominal fluid collections with the use of LAMS. The main outcome measures were technical and clinical success and associated adverse events with LAMS placement.Results:Seven patients (2 girls) ranging from 9 to 18 years were identified. Four patients had perirectal abscess postperforated appendicitis and 3 patients had pancreatic pseudocysts. All of the patients had complete resolution of the collections, with no recurrence, and our technical and clinical success rate was 100%. Only 1 patient had mild bleeding after placement that spontaneously resolved.Discussion:Our study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of the use of LAMS for the drainage of intraabdominal fluid collections in pediatric patients, although the number of patients included is limited.
The Impact of Nursing Work and Engagement on Patient Falls
Authors: Zadvinskis Inga M. , Carr Jaclyn , Schweitzer Kelli E. , Patil Nirav , Clifton William D. , Ebert Kathleen E. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVE
This study explored the relationships between nurse-sensitive structures, processes (work engagement [WE], frequency of fall risk discussion during report, and frequency of purposeful rounds), and patient falls.

BACKGROUND
Strong WE is associated with better nurse-assessed quality of care, but previous research is limited by self-reported outcome measures.

METHODS
We used a descriptive, cross-sectional, survey design with 41 nursing units from 7 hospitals. Nurses completed a survey including the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators reports provided falls data.

RESULTS
WE was not related to patient falls, even after controlling for RN staffing and skill mix. The nursing units that had more nurses performing frequent purposeful rounds experienced greater falls with injury. Highly engaged nurses participated more in purposeful rounding and discussion of fall risk during bedside report than less engaged nurses.

CONCLUSIONS
Further research is needed to understand the impact of WE on patient outcomes.
Evaluating Pelvic Floor Muscle Contractility Using Two-Dimensional Transperineal Ultrasonography in Patients With Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Ouchi Mifuka , Kitta Takeya , Suzuki Shigeyuki , Shinohara Nobuo , Kato Kumiko 
Published: October 2019

(Abstracted from Neurourol Urodyn 2019;38:1363–1369)
Pelvic function has a significant role in the pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). First-line treatment for POP is pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), which is widely prescribed for this purpose.
After-Hours EEG: Relative Value of Emergent Routine Versus Prolonged EEG Recordings
Authors: Singh Jaysingh , Britton Jeffrey , Alwaki Abdulrahman , Singh Priti 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
After-hours EEG is increasingly used in hospital patients. Although the detection of seizures and interictal epileptiform discharges has been shown to be higher with prolonged EEG (pEEG) than routine-duration EEG, the relative value for particular indications can inform utilization.

Method:
The Mayo EEG Report System was queried for after-hours emergent routine EEG (ErEEG) and pEEG performed between January 2015 and June 2015. Total 296 after-hours ErEEG were identified, of which 140 converted into pEEG were included in the study for direct comparison of two modalities. Indications were categorized as: mental status changes, recent seizures rule out continued nonconvulsive seizures, spells, and prognosis after anoxic brain injury. Categorical data were analyzed using the McNemar and Fisher exact tests; a P value of 0.05 was considered significant.

Result:
Prolonged EEG was superior to ErEEG for detection of interictal epileptiform discharges (61 vs. 48/140, P = 0.004) and seizures (29 vs. 17/140, P = 0.012). Seizure detection was greater for pEEG than ErEEG for the indication of evaluating for subclinical seizures after recent observed clinical seizures (14/41 [34.1%] versus 4/41 [9.8%], P = 0.002). There was no significant difference between modalities for seizure detection in patients undergoing evaluation of spells or mental status changes without previous observed seizures. Detection of seizures on pEEG was higher for recordings greater than 24 hours (8/46, 17%, P = 0.014) and 48 hours (19/26, 73%, P < 0.001) than recordings less than 24 hours (2/68, 3%). Seizure detection was higher with pEEG in comatose patients than ErEEG (17/51, 33% vs. 12/89, 13%; P = 0.009).

Conclusions:
Increased value was demonstrated for pEEG over ErEEG in patients undergoing evaluation after observed recent clinical seizures and for coma. No significant difference was found between ErEEG and pEEG for seizure detection in the relatively small subgroups of patients with mental status changes other than coma and without preceding seizure or spells.