bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fasting blood glucose to HDL-C ratio as a novel predictor of clinical outcomes in non-diabetic patients after PCI
Authors: Guo Qian-Qian , Zheng Ying-Ying , Tang Jun-Nan , Wu Ting-Ting , Yang Xu-Ming , Zhang Zeng-Lei , Zhang Jian-Chao , Yang Yi , Hou Xian-Geng , Cheng Meng-Die , Song Feng-Hua , Liu Zhi-Yu , Wang Kai , Jiang Li-Zhu , Fan Lei , Yue Xiao-Ting , Bai Yan , Dai Xin-Ya , Zheng Ru-Jie , Xie Xiang , Zhang Jin-Ying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background The present study was to assess the prognostic value of fasting blood glucose to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (GHR) in non-diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods and results A total of 6645 non-diabetic patients from two independent cohorts, the CORFCHD-PCI study (n=4282) and the CORFCHD-ZZ (n=2363) study, were enrolled in Clinical Outcomes and Risk Factors of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after PCI. Patients were divided into two groups according to the GHR value. The primary outcome included all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiac mortality (CM). The average follow-up time was 36.51 ± 22.50 months. We found that there were significant differences between the two groups in the incidences of ACM (P=0.013) and CM (P=0.038). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed GHR as an independent prognostic factor for ACM. The incidence of ACM increased 1.284-times in patients in the higher GHR group (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.284 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.010–1.631], P&lt;0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis suggested that patients with high GHR value tended to have an increased accumulated risk of ACM. However, we did not find significant differences in the incidence of major adverse cardiac events, main/major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), stroke, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and bleeding events.
Conclusions The present study indicates that GHR index is an independent and novel predictor of ACM in non-diabetic CAD patients who underwent PCI.
An miRNA signature associated with tumor mutation burden in endometrial cancer
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Chen Lihua , Qin Mei , Lei Yajie , Li Tianjiao , Li Haoran , Cheng Xi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTumor mutation burden (TMB) is an essential biomarker to predict immunotherapy response. TMB measurement was mainly evaluated by whole-exome sequencing (WES), which was costly and difficult to be widely applied. In the present study, we aimed to establish and validate a miRNA signature to predict TMB level in endometrial cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. MiRNA expression and somatic mutation profiles of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) were downloaded from TCGA database. Total 518 patients with UCEC were randomly classified into training set (n=311) and validation set (n=207). Thirty-five differentially expressed miRNAs between high-TMB and low-TMB group were identified in training set. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was performed to select out 26 miRNAs to establish the optimal signature. The accuracy of the miRNA signature for predicting TMB level was 0.833 for training set, 0.749 for validation set and 0.799 for total set. Moreover, the miRNA signature had significant correlation with immune checkpoints related genes (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4) and mismatch repair related genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, MLH1, MSH6) expression. In conclusion, this miRNA signature could predict TMB level in endometrial cancer and might have some merits in providing guidance for immunotherapy in endometrial cancer.
Personalized computed tomography – Automated estimation of height and weight of a simulated digital twin using a 3D camera and artificial intelligence
Authors: Geissler Frederik , Heiß Rafael , Kopp Markus , Wiesmüller Marco , Saake Marc , Wuest Wolfgang , Wimmer Andreas , Prell Veronika , Uder Michael , May Matthias Stefan 
Published: November 2020

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for automated estimation of patient height and weight during computed tomography (CT) and to evaluate its accuracy in everyday clinical practice.
Materials and methods Depth images of 200 patients were recorded with a 3D camera mounted above the patient table of a CT scanner. Reference values were obtained using a calibrated scale and a measuring tape to train a machine learning algorithm that fits a patient avatar into the recorded patient surface data. The resulting algorithm was prospectively used on 101 patients in clinical practice and the results were compared to the reference values and to estimates by the patient himself, the radiographer and the radiologist. The body mass index was calculated from the collected values for each patient using the WHO formula. A tolerance level of 5 kg was defined in order to evaluate the impact on weight-dependent contrast agent dosage in abdominal CT.
Results Differences between values for height, weight and BMI were non-significant over all assessments (p > 0.83). The most accurate values for weight were obtained from the patient information (R² = 0.99) followed by the automated estimation via 3D camera (R² = 0.89). Estimates by medical staff were considerably less precise (radiologist: R² = 0.78, radiographer: R² = 0.77). A body-weight dependent dosage of contrast agent using the automated estimations matched the dosage using the reference measurements in 65 % of the cases. The dosage based on the medical staff estimates would have matched in 49 % of the cases.
Conclusion Automated estimation of height and weight using a digital twin model from 3D camera acquisitions provide a high precision for protocol design in computer tomography.
Key points:
Citation Format
Physicochemical Stability of Enriched Phenolic Fractions of Cyclopia genistoides and ex vivo Bi-directional Permeability of Major Xanthones and Benzophenones
Authors: Miller Neil , Malherbe Christiaan Johannes , Gerber Werner , Hamman Josias H. , van der Rijst Marieta , Aucamp Marique , Joubert Elizabeth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFractions of an ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract, respectively enriched in xanthones and benzophenones, were previously shown to inhibit mammalian α-glucosidase in vitro. The present study investigated ex vivo intestinal transport of these fractions, using excised porcine jejunal tissue, to determine whether the gut could be a predominant in vivo site of action. The major bioactive compounds, the xanthones (mangiferin, isomangiferin) and benzophenones (3-β-D-glucopyranosyliriflophenone, 3-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyliriflophenone) exhibited poor permeation in the absorptive direction with a relatively high efflux ratio (efflux ratio > 1). The efflux ratio of 3-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyliriflophenone (3.05) was similar to rhodamine 123 (2.99), a known substrate of intestinal P-glycoprotein 1 efflux transporters. Low epithelial membrane transport rates, coupled with efflux mechanisms, would effectively concentrate these bioactive compounds at the target site (gut lumen). Storage stability testing and moisture sorption assays of the xanthone-enriched fraction, benzophenone-enriched fraction, and ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract were performed to determine their susceptibility to physical and chemical degradation during storage. Hygroscopicity of the powders, indicated by moisture uptake, decreased in the order: benzophenone-enriched fraction (22.7%) > ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract (14.0%) > xanthone-enriched fraction (10.7%). 3-β-D-Glucopyranosylmaclurin, a minor benzophenone, was the least stable of the compounds, degrading faster in the benzophenone-enriched fraction than in ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract, suggesting that the ultrafiltered extract matrix may provide a degree of protection against chemical degradation. Compound degradation during 12 wk of storage at 40 °C in moisture-impermeable containers was best explained by first order reaction kinetics.
Age Related Changes in Motor Function (II). Decline in Motor Performance Outcomes
Authors: Wu Rui , Ditroilo Massimiliano , Delahunt Eamonn , De Vito Giuseppe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAge-related impairments in motor performance are caused by a deterioration in mechanical and neuromuscular functions, which have been investigated from the macro-level of muscle-tendon unit to the micro-level of the single muscle fiber. When compared to the healthy young skeletal muscle, aged skeletal muscle is: (1) weaker, slower and less powerful during the performance of voluntary contractions; (2) less steady during the performance of isometric contractions, particularly at low levels of force; and (3) less susceptible to fatigue during the performance of sustained isometric contractions, but more susceptible to fatigue during the performance of high-velocity dynamic contractions. These impairments have been discussed to be mainly the result of: a) loss of muscle mass and selective atrophy of type II muscle fibers; b) altered tendon mechanical properties (decreased tendon stiffness); c) reduced number and altered function of motor units; d) slower muscle fiber shortening velocity; e) increased oscillation in common synaptic input to motor neurons; and f) altered properties and activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum. In this second part of a two-part review we have detailed the age-related impairments in motor performance with a reference to the most important mechanical and neuromuscular contributing factors.
Schwangere mit Gestationsdiabetes in Berlin – Perinataldatenanalyse mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Migrationsstatus
Authors: Hees Katrin Alexandra , Podkaminskij Seher , Breckenkamp Jürgen , Borde Theda , Klapp Christine , Henrich Wolfgang , David Matthias 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungFür Deutschland liegen bisher keine systematisch erhobenen Daten zur Betreuung von Migrantinnen mit Gestationsdiabetes (GDM) vor, obwohl die Anzahl von Migrantinnen in deutschen Geburtskliniken seit den 1980er Jahren kontinuierlich zunimmt.
Methodik Auf Grundlage der Fallzahlschätzung für diese prospektive Studie wurde der Einschluss von 160 GDM-Patientinnen+/- einer Drop-Out-Rate von 10 GDM-Patientinnen pro Gruppe, 90 mit Migrationshintergrund (MH) und 90 ohne MH, angestrebt. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte mittels Fragebogen zur Erhebung soziodemografischer Daten, Migration, Akkulturation und Ernährungsverhalten, sowie der Erfassung relevanter Perinataldaten (z. B. pränatales Schätzgewicht, Geburtsmodus, etc.) aus der peripartalen Betreuung.
Ergebnisse Zwischen Januar 2017 und Mai 2019 wurden 198 GDM-Patientinnen untersucht. Hiervon hatten 110 GDM-Patientinnen einen und 88 keinen MH. Die Indikation zur Geburtseinleitung aufgrund der Verdachtsdiagnose einer fetalen Makrosomie wurde ungefähr gleich häufig für die GDM-Patientinnen mit sowie ohne MH gestellt (mit MH 3,6% vs. ohne MH 4,6%, p=1,0, OR 1,73; 95%-KI 0,79–3,89, p=0,17). GDM-Patientinnen mit MH gebaren ihr Kind häufiger spontan (mit MH 55,5% vs. ohne MH 40,9%, p=0,05). Das perinatale Outcome war in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Hypothese, dass bei GDM-Patientinnen mit MH häufiger Geburtseinleitungen aufgrund der Verdachtsdiagnose eines makrosomen Fetus erforderlich sind, wurde nicht bestätigt. Wesentliche neonatale Parameter wie Geburtsgewicht oder Verlegung der Neugeborenen waren ohne signifikante Unterschiede im Gruppenvergleich.
Cushing-Trias bei einem Patienten mit akuter, fataler Subarachnoidalblutung unter oraler Antikoagulation
Authors: Hottenbacher Lydia , Bohner Georg , Böhm Marko , Möckel Martin 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungEin 72jähriger Patient erwacht morgens mit Thorax- und Nackenschmerzen. Bei Eintreffen des Rettungsdienstes wird er mit gering eingeschränkter Vigilanz (GCS14) im Sessel sitzend vorgefunden. Der Blutdruck liegt bei 185/100 mmHg, die Herzfrequenz bei 40/min und die Atemfrequenz schwankt irregulär zwischen 13 und 18/min im Sinne einer Cushing-Trias. Die sofortige CT-Diagnostik nach Einlieferung in die Notaufnahme ergibt eine ausgeprägte Subarachnoidalblutung. Eine sorgfältige präklinische Einschätzung und Verdachtsdiagnose erlaubt die zielgerichtete Weiterversorgung.
Identifizierung von Sprechermerkmalen durch Zuhörer unterschiedlicher Altersstufen und Expertise
Authors: Thiele Johanna Maria , Schade Götz 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, inwieweit Zuhörer bestimmte Merkmale ihnen unbekannter Sprecher anhand des alleinigen Hörens ihrer Stimmaufnahmen identifizieren können (physische Merkmale, Akzent/Dialekt, Rauchverhalten, Bildungsstand, Persönlichkeit, Erscheinungsbild). Es gab mehrere Zuhörergruppen unterschiedlicher Altersstufen und Expertise. Das Ziel der Arbeit war somit der Vergleich der Stimmerkennung von Kindern/Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen sowie von Laien und phonetisch geschulten Zuhörern.
Material und Methoden 197 Probanden, gegliedert in 4 Gruppen (Grundschüler, Gymnasiasten, Studierende, Fachärzte für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie), wurden Stimmaufnahmen von 23 Sprechern vorgespielt. Anhand dessen sollten sie einen Fragebogen über die Merkmale der Sprecher ausfüllen.
Ergebnisse Im Hinblick auf die einzelnen Merkmale erzielten die Probanden variable Ergebnisse und identifizierten Geschlecht, Alter, ausländische Akzente und teilweise Bildungsstand der Sprecher mit höherer Genauigkeit, während ihnen richtige Einschätzungen der anderen Kategorien wie Körpergröße, Body-Mass-Index, Dialekt und Rauchverhalten weniger häufig gelangen.Die Zuhörer im Grundschulalter erreichten zwar in allen außer 2 Kategorien signifikant weniger korrekte Antworten als die Gymnasiasten, Studierenden und Phoniater, jedoch gelangen auch ihnen bereits häufig richtige Zuordnungen über dem Zufallsniveau. Die von Phoniatern und Studierenden als erwachsenen Laienhörern erzielten Ergebnisse unterschieden sich in keiner Kategorie signifikant.
Schlussfolgerung Eine Altersabhängigkeit der Stimmerkennung bzw. der dafür benötigten Fähigkeiten konnte bestätigt werden. Die professionell geschulten Zuhörer hatten keinen eindeutigen Vorteil gegenüber den erwachsenen phonetischen Laien.
Benchmarking definitions of false-positive alerts during computer-aided polyp detection in colonoscopy
Authors: Holzwanger Erik A. , Bilal Mohammad , Glissen Brown Jeremy R. , Singh Shailendra , Becq Aymeric , Ernest-Suarez Kenneth , Berzin Tyler M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background The occurrence of false-positive alerts is an important outcome measure in computer-aided colon polyp detection (CADe) studies. However, there is no consensus definition of a false positive in clinical trials evaluating CADe in colonoscopy. We aimed to study the diagnostic performance of CADe based on different threshold definitions for false-positive alerts.
Methods A previously validated CADe system was applied to screening/surveillance colonoscopy videos. Different thresholds for false-positive alerts were defined based on the time an alert box was continuously traced by the system. Primary outcomes were false-positive results and specificity using different threshold definitions of false positive.
Results 62 colonoscopies were analyzed. CADe specificity and accuracy were 93.2 % and 97.8 %, respectively, for a threshold definition of ≥ 0.5 seconds, 98.6 % and 99.5 % for a threshold definition of ≥ 1 second, and 99.8 % and 99.9 % for a threshold definition of ≥ 2 seconds.
Conclusion Our analysis demonstrated how different threshold definitions of false positive can impact the reported diagnostic performance of CADe for colon polyp detection.
Dual Roles of Rongalite: Reductive Coupling Reaction to Construct Thiosulfonates Using Sulfonyl Hydrazides
Authors: Ding Chengrong , Zhang Guofu , Fan Qiankun , Zhao Yiyong , Wang Huimin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA tunable and practical transformation of structurally diverse sulfonyl hydrazides into thiosulfonates in the presence of Rongalite (NaHSO2·CH2O) was developed. Transition-metal-free conditions, operational simplicity, and readily available reagents are the striking features of this protocol. It is the first example for the synthesis of thiosulfonates using sulfonyl hydrazides with the assistance of reductant. Additionally, the mechanistic studies revealed that this transformation probably undergoes via a reducing–coupling pathway.
Acetazolamide-Triggered Acute Flaccid Paralysis and Toxic-Metabolic Encephalopathy in a Toddler with Gastroenteritis: A Case Report
Authors: Green Jack , Nawathe Pooja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcetazolamide is an infrequently prescribed medication in the outpatient pediatric setting, as one of its major indications is for the treatment of glaucoma, which is a largely adult disease. Though incredibly rare, serious neurologic side effects such as stroke, flaccid paralysis, and coma can occur after its administration. This case presentation of acute flaccid paralysis with metabolic derangement underscores the unusual, yet possible, toxic-metabolic and neurologic sequelae that can occur in an already acidotic host (in this case, caused by gastroenteritis) with acetazolamide ingestion. Life-threatening conditions must always be ruled out in patients who present with encephalopathy, but a medication history was crucial in clinching this case's unifying diagnosis. While there are case reports highlighting the rare central nervous system toxicities associated with acetazolamide ingestion, to our knowledge, none exist in the pediatric literature.
On framed simple purely real Hurwitz numbers
Authors: Kazarian M. E. , Lando S. K. , Natanzon S. M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study real Hurwitz numbers enumerating real meromorphic functions of a special kind, referred to as framed purely real functions. We deduce partial differential equations of cut-and-join type for the generating functions for these numbers. We also construct a topological field theory for them.
Lattice of definability (of reducts) for integers with successor
Authors: Semenov A. L. , Soprunov S. F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper the lattice of definability for integers with a successor (the relation

) is described. The lattice, whose elements are also knows as reducts, consists of three (naturally described) infinite series of relations. The proof uses a version of the Svenonius theorem for structures of special form.
Dynamics and spectral stability of soliton-like structures in fluid-filled membrane tubes
Authors: Il’ichev A. T. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This survey presents results on the stability of elevation solitary waves in axisymmetric elastic membrane tubes filled with a fluid. The elastic tube material is characterized by an elastic potential (elastic energy) that depends non-linearly on the principal deformations and describes the compliant elastic media. Our survey uses a simple model of an inviscid incompressible fluid, which nevertheless makes it possible to trace the main regularities of the dynamics of solitary waves. One of these regularities is the spectral stability (linear stability in form) of these waves. The basic equations of the ‘axisymmetric tube – ideal fluid’ system are formulated, and the equations for the fluid are averaged over the cross-section of the tube, that is, a quasi-one-dimensional flow with waves whose length significantly exceeds the radius of the tube is considered. The spectral stability with respect to axisymmetric perturbations is studied by constructing the Evans function for the system of basic equations linearized around a solitary wave type solution. The Evans function depends only on the spectral parameter

, is analytic in the right-hand complex half-plane

, and its zeros in

coincide with unstable eigenvalues. The problems treated include stability of steady solitary waves in the absence of a fluid inside the tube (the case of constant internal pressure), together with the case of local inhomogeneity (thinning) of the tube wall, the presence of a steady fluid filling the tube (the case of zero mean flow) or a moving fluid (the case of non-zero mean flow), and also the problem of stability of travelling solitary waves propagating along the tube with non-zero speed.
Bibliography: 83 titles.
On Weyl multipliers of the rearranged trigonometric system
Authors: Karagulyan G. A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We prove that the condition

is necessary for an increasing sequence of numbers

to be an almost everywhere unconditional convergence Weyl multiplier for the trigonometric system. This property was known long ago for Haar, Walsh, Franklin and some other classical orthogonal systems. The proof of this result is based on a new sharp logarithmic lower bound on

for the majorant operator related to the rearranged trigonometric system.
Bibliography: 32 titles.
Two centuries of monarch butterfly collections reveal contrasting effects of range expansion and migration loss on wing traits
Authors: Freedman Micah G. , Dingle Hugh , Strauss Sharon Y. , Ramírez Santiago R. 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceMonarch butterflies are famous for their seasonal migration in North America but have recently expanded around the globe. Using >6,000 monarchs collected over two centuries, we use the monarch’s recent global range expansion to test hypotheses about how dispersal traits evolve. Early monarch founders have large and elongated forewings, but postestablishment loss of migration repeatedly leads to smaller wings, a pattern detectable in both time series with historical specimens and experimentally reared monarchs. This research documents how migration-associated traits may be favored during range expansion but disfavored when species cease seasonal migration. Furthermore, it highlights the value of museum collections by combining historical specimens with experimental rearing to demonstrate contemporary evolution of migration-associated traits in natural monarch populations.
Government effectiveness and institutions as determinants of tropical cyclone mortality
Authors: Tennant Elizabeth , Gilmore Elisabeth A. 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceTropical cyclone disasters frequently result in substantial loss of life. Institutional capacity and economic development are believed to play protective roles, but previous efforts have been unable to disentangle their relative effects. We establish empirically that stronger national and subnational institutions, independent of income, are associated with lower tropical cyclone mortality. This suggests that effective institutions play an important role in the success of disaster risk reduction strategies. Our approach of accounting for hazard intensity, population exposure, and socioeconomic conditions at high resolutions can be extended to other hazards and scales to further examine how institutions moderate risk.
Narrative structure of
A Song of Ice and Fire
creates a fictional world with realistic measures of social complexity
Authors: Gessey-Jones Thomas , Connaughton Colm , Dunbar Robin , Kenna Ralph , MacCarron Pádraig , O’Conchobhair Cathal , Yose Joseph 
Published: November 2020

Significance
We use mathematical and statistical methods to probe how a sprawling, dynamic, complex narrative of massive scale achieved broad accessibility and acclaim without surrendering to the need for reductionist simplifications. Subtle narrational tricks such as how natural social networks are mirrored and how significant events are scheduled are unveiled. The narrative network matches evolved cognitive abilities to enable complex messages be conveyed in accessible ways while story time and discourse time are carefully distinguished in ways matching theories of narratology. This marriage of science and humanities opens avenues to comparative literary studies. It provides quantitative support, for example, for the widespread view that deaths appear to be randomly distributed throughout the narrative even though, in fact, they are not.