bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preharvest application of prohydrojasmon affects color development, phenolic metabolism, and pigment‐related gene expression in red pear (Pyrus ussuriensis)
Authors: Wang Xiaoqian , Cao Xiaoyun , Shang Ye , Bu Haidong , Wang Tianye , Lyu Deguo , Du Guodong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPeel color is an economically relevant trait that influences the appearance and quality of red pear, whose red color is due to anthocyanin accumulation. Prohydrojasmon (PDJ), which has similar effects to endogenous jasmonates, was developed as a commercial bioregulator, particularly to improve fruits coloring. However, little information is available about the effect of PDJ on pears. This study investigated the effects of preharvest PDJ treatments on color development, phenolic compounds accumulation, and related gene expression in the red pear cultivar ‘Nanhong’. The treatments were performed during the pre‐color‐change period by spraying 50 or 100 mg L−1 of PDJ on fruits.RESULTSPreharvest PDJ treatments had a significant effect on color development, without affecting other quality parameters such as total soluble solids and fruit acidity. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that concentrations of anthocyanins and flavonols were enhanced in the peel after PDJ treatments, particularly when a concentration of 100 mg L−1 was used, whereas those of hydroxycinnamates and flavanols were decreased. After PDJ application, the transcription levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes PAL, CHS, CHI, ANS, F3H, and UFGT were enhanced, especially under the higher PDJ concentration tested. In addition, anthocyanin accumulation in the peels of PDJ‐treated fruits was found to be positively correlated with the upregulation of the regulatory gene MYB114.CONCLUSIONPreharvest treatments with PDJ could be a useful tool to improve fruits coloring and increase phenolic content in pear. These findings also improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with PDJ‐regulated anthocyanin accumulation in pear fruits.
In‐pixel temperature sensor for high‐luminance active matrix micro‐light‐emitting diode display using low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon and oxide thin‐film‐transistors
Authors: Chen Yuanfeng , Lee Suhui , Kim Hyunho , Lee Jiseob , Geng Di , Jang Jin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe propose an in‐pixel temperature sensor using low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon and oxide (LTPO) thin‐film transistor (TFTs) for high‐luminance active matrix (AM) micro‐light‐emitting diode (LED) displays. By taking advantage of the different off‐current characteristics of p‐type LTPS TFTs and n‐type a‐IGZO TFTs under temperature change, we designed and fabricated a temperature sensor consists of only LTPO TFTs without additional sensing component or material. The fabricated sensor exhibits excellent temperature sensitivity of up to 71.8 mV/°C. In addition, a 64 × 64 temperature sensor array with 3T sensing pixel and integrated gate driver has also been fabricated, which demonstrates potential approach for maxing out the performance of high‐luminance AM micro‐LED display with real‐time in‐pixel temperature monitoring.
Assessing Population Viability of Black Bears using Spatial Capture‐Recapture Models
Authors: Hooker Michael J. , Chandler Richard B. , Bond Bobby T. , Chamberlain Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe Central Georgia Bear Population (CGP) is the least abundant and most isolated of Georgia's 3 American black bear (Ursus americanus) populations. Beginning in 2011, changes to regulations governing harvest of the CGP resulted in an increase in female bear harvest, creating concern that future harvest could be an important influence on population viability. Hence, our objective was to assess viability of the CGP under various levels of female mortality. During 2012–2016, we used barbed‐wire hair snares to collect bear hair samples from within the range of the CGP in Georgia, USA. We used microsatellite genotyping to identify individual bears and created robust‐design, spatial detection histories for all female bears detected. We fit open population spatial capture‐recapture (SCR) models to the detection histories in a Bayesian framework. We used the Widely Applicable Information Criterion (WAIC) to rank models that varied with respect to sources of variation in detection probability, survival, andper capitarecruitment, and used the model with the lowest WAIC to forecast dynamics of the CGP 50 years into the future under various levels of female mortality. We assessed the 50‐year extinction probability under a continuation of mortality levels documented during 2012–2016, and under incremental increases in female mortality above this baseline. The top model included density‐dependentper capitarecruitment, annual variation in detection probability, and a trap‐level behavioral response. Abundance increased from 106 (95% CI = 86–132) females in 2012 to 136 (95% CI = 113–161) females in 2013 and remained relatively stable thereafter. Annual female survival was 0.75 (95% CI = 0.69–0.82) and did not vary among years. Theper capitarecruitment rate decreased over time as density increased, and was 0.49 (95% CI = 0.33–0.66) during the first time interval and 0.29 (95% CI = 0.20–0.38) during the final time interval. Annual growth rate () was 1.28 (95% CI = 1.07–1.52) between 2012 and 2013 but decreased throughout the study, ending at 1.04 (95% CI = 0.93–1.17). Forecasts indicated continuation of the female mortality levels experienced from 2012–2016 were sustainable over 50 years, with the estimated extinction risk being <0.001%. Increasing annual harvest by 5 females introduced a negligible increase in the 50‐year probability of extinction, but harvesting an additional 10 females/year caused extinction risk to rise to 1.15%. We recommend that harvest regulations are structured such that mortality rates remain at current levels or do not increase by more than an annual average of 5 females above levels observed during our study. Furthermore, we recommend that managers continue to monitor the population so that harvest regulations and population models can be refined over time. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Micelles with a Loose Core Self‐Assembled from Coil‐g‐Rod Graft Copolymers Displaying High Drug Loading Capacity
Authors: Huang Qijing , Xu Zhanwen , Cai Chunhua , Lin Jiaping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh drug loading capacity is one of the critical demands of micellar drug‐delivery vehicles; however, it is a challenging work. Herein, it is demonstrated that micelles self‐assembled from poly(ethylene glycol)‐graft‐poly(γ‐benzyl‐l‐glutamate) (PEG‐g‐PBLG) coil‐g‐rod graft copolymers display high drug‐loading capacity for doxorubicin (DOX) model drugs. As revealed by a combination study of experiments and dissipative particle dynamics simulations, the high drug‐loading capacity of the micelles is related to the loose core structure of the micelles. In these micelles, the hydrophobic PBLG grafts randomly disperse in the micelle core due to their rigid nature and the coil‐g‐rod topology of the graft copolymers, which results in a loose core of the micelles. The structure of the graft copolymer, including the length of rod grafts, the length of coil backbone, and the grafting ratio of the rod grafts affecting the arrangement of the rod grafts in the micelle core has influence on the drug‐loading capacity of the micelles. Besides, the strong π–π stacking interaction between graft copolymers and DOX also plays an important part in achieving high drug‐loading capacity. In vitro studies reveal that these drug‐loaded micelles show good biocompatibility, and the DOX can be gradually released from the micelles.
Theoretical Limit of the Color‐Change Sensitivity of a Composite Resin Dosimeter Film Based on Spiropyran/BaFCl : Eu2+/Polystyrene
Authors: Kinashi Kenji , Tsuchida Hayato , Sakai Wataru , Tsutsumi Naoto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe theoretical limit of the color‐change sensitivity of a composite resin dosimeter film based on 6‐nitro BIPS/BaFCl : Eu2+/polystyrene under X‐ray exposure has been estimated. Each photophysical and photochemical process occurring inside the composite resin dosimeter was quantitatively determined, and the obtained values were used to estimate the theoretical limit of the color‐change sensitivity for the composite resin dosimeter. The values obtained were 70.6 % for the X‐ray absorption efficiency, 13 % for the fluorescence quantum yield, 73.5 % for the UV absorption efficiency and 37.6 % for the photochemical quantum yield. Assuming that the figure‐of‐merit is their product, its value is estimated to be 2.5 %, which contributes to the chromaticity difference and leads to a color‐change sensitivity of 100 mGy. The figure‐of‐merit of a structurally optimized composite dosimeter was estimated to be 1.9 times that of the dosimeter without structural optimization, which showed a sensitivity of 100 mGy. We predicted that the structurally optimized composite resin dosimeter film, which eliminates optical losses due to the structure, will be able to detect X‐ray exposure doses on the order of approximately 28 mGy.
Hydrolytic, thermal, and UV stability of urea‐formaldehyde resin/thermally activated montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Samaržija‐Jovanović Suzana , Jovanović Vojislav , Petković Branka , Jovanović Tijana , Marković Gordana , Porobić Slavica , Papan Jelena , Marinović‐Cincović Milena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUrea‐formaldehyde resin (F/U ratio of 0.8)/thermally activated montmorillonite (UF/ΔTK10) nanocomposite was synthesized. The hydrolytical, thermal, and UV radiation stability of UF/ΔTK10 nanocomposites are determined. UF hybrid nanocomposites have been irradiated with UV light with a wavelength of 254 nm and 366 nm, and after that, their radiation stability was evaluated. The free formaldehyde (FA) percentage in all prepared samples was determined. The sample was characterized by using X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and differential thermal gravimetry (DTG), with infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Crosslinked UF/ΔTK10 nanocomposite shows the highest resistance to acid hydrolysis after UV irradiation at a wavelength of 254 nm. The values for T5% are identical for the unirradiated and UV irradiated (wavelength of 366 nm) UF/ΔTK10 nanocomposite. It can be concluded that this sample is thermally most stable and shows good resistance to UV irradiation.
Is it time for routine prenatal serological screening for congenital cytomegalovirus?
Authors: Leruez‐Ville Marianne , Ville Yves 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCongenital CMV infection (cCMV) is the most prevalent congenital infection, main non‐genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and major cause of neurological disability. Despite the burden of cCMV, no Public Health body recommends universal serology screening in pregnancy. This was explained by gaps in knowledge of epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis and the absence of any validated treatment. Over 10 years, progress has been made in our understanding of cCMV following primary maternal infection. Risk factors have been identified and quantified, notably it is now well recognized that among maternal primary infections only those occurring in the first trimester may lead to long‐term sequelae. Algorithms combining IgG, IgM, and IgG avidity detection with serological assays adapted on high throughput platforms have demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose maternal primary infection. The prognostic value of prenatal imaging combining ultrasound and MRI has been validated by many studies. Finally, recent data from a randomized controlled study demonstrated the efficacy of early antiviral therapy to prevent vertical transmission. Whether CMV serology screening in the first trimester of pregnancy meets the WHO's criteria for a screening program will therefore be reviewed.
Unveiling the Dynamical Assembly of Magnetic Nanocrystal Zig‐Zag Chains via In Situ TEM Imaging in Liquid
Authors: Arciniegas Milena P. , Castelli Andrea , Brescia Rosaria , Serantes David , Ruta Sergiu , Hovorka Ondrej , Satoh Akira , Chantrell Roy , Pellegrino Teresa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe controlled assembly of colloidal magnetic nanocrystals is key to many applications such as nanoelectronics, storage memory devices, and nanomedicine. Here, the motion and ordering of ferrimagnetic nanocubes in water via liquid‐cell transmission electron microscopy is directly imaged in situ. Through the experimental analysis, combined with molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical considerations, it is shown that the presence of highly competitive interactions leads to the formation of stable monomers and dimers, acting as nuclei, followed by a dynamic growth of zig‐zag chain‐like assemblies. It is demonstrated that such arrays can be explained by first, a maximization of short‐range electrostatic interactions, which at a later stage become surpassed by magnetic forces acting through the easy magnetic axes of the nanocubes, causing their tilted orientation within the arrays. Moreover, in the confined volume of liquid in the experiments, interactions of the nanocube surfaces with the cell membranes, when irradiated at relatively low electron dose, slow down the kinetics of their self‐assembly, facilitating the identification of different stages in the process. The study provides crucial insights for the formation of unconventional linear arrays made of ferrimagnetic nanocubes that are essential for their further exploitation in, for example, magnetic hyperthermia, magneto‐transport devices, and nanotheranostic tools.
Japanese expatriates' management in global assignments: A review and research agenda
Authors: Dang Quyen T. , Rammal Hussain G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractJapanese firms and their management practices (including those related to expatriate management) have been of interest to international business researchers for decades. The international human resource management literature highlights the critical role expatriates' family play in the success or failure of global assignments. However, this issue has not been prominent in the literature on Japanese expatriates, despite the emphasis on collectivism and culture. This study uses the integrative literature review method to consolidate the research on Japanese work practices and expatriation issues in Japanese multinational enterprises, with emphasis on Japanese family issues in expatriate management. Using family systems theory as the analytical lens, we identify themes that have been covered in the literature on Japanese global assignees and their families. Current gaps in the literature are highlighted, and we provide a future research agenda with broad themes that can contribute to the academic writing and practices of Japanese expatriate management.
Non-linear Dynamics in Accelerators
Authors: Herr Werner , Forest Etienne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNon-linear effects in accelerator physics are important both during the design stage and for successful operation of accelerators. Since both of these aspects are closely related, they will be treated together in this overview. Some of the most important aspects are well described by methods established in other areas of physics and mathematics. Given the scope of this handbook, the treatment will be focused on the problems in accelerators used for particle physics experiments. Although the main emphasis will be on accelerator physics issues, some of the aspects of more general interest will be discussed. In particular to demonstrate that in recent years a framework has been built to handle the complex problems in a consistent form, technically superior and conceptually simpler than the traditional techniques. The need to understand the stability of particle beams has substantially contributed to the development of new techniques and is an important source of examples which can be verified experimentally. Unfortunately the documentation of these developments is often poor or even unpublished, in many cases only available as lectures or conference proceedings.
Impedance and Collective Effects
Authors: Metral E. , Rumolo G. , Herr W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs the beam intensity increases, the beam can no longer be considered as a collection of non-interacting single particles: in addition to the “single-particle phenomena”, “collective effects” become significant. At low intensity a beam of charged particles moves around an accelerator under the Lorentz force produced by the “external” electromagnetic fields (from the guiding and focusing magnets, RF cavities, etc.). However, the charged particles also interact with themselves (leading to space charge effects) and with their environment, inducing charges and currents in the surrounding structures, which create electromagnetic fields called wake fields. In the ultra-relativistic limit, causality dictates that there can be no electromagnetic field in front of the beam, which explains the term “wake”. It is often useful to examine the frequency content of the wake field (a time domain quantity) by performing a Fourier transformation on it. This leads to the concept of impedance (a frequency domain quantity), which is a complex function of frequency. The charged particles can also interact with other charged particles present in the accelerator (leading to two-stream effects, and in particular to electron cloud effects in positron/hadron machines) and with the counter-rotating beam in a collider (leading to beam–beam effects). As the beam intensity increases, all these “perturbations” should be properly quantified and the motion of the charged particles will eventually still be governed by the Lorentz force but using the total electromagnetic fields, which are the sum of the external and perturbation fields. Note that in some cases a perturbative treatment is not sufficient and the problem has to be solved self consistently. These perturbations can lead to both incoherent (i.e. of a single particle) and coherent (i.e. of the centre of mass) effects, in the longitudinal and in one or both transverse directions, leading to beam quality degradation or even partial or total beam losses. Fortunately, stabilising mechanisms exist, such as Landau damping, electronic feedback systems and linear coupling between the transverse planes (as in the case of a transverse coherent instability, one plane is usually more critical than the other).
Accelerator Engineering and Technology: Accelerator Technology
Authors: Bordry F. , Bottura L. , Milanese A. , Tommasini D. , Jensen E. , Lebrun Ph. , Tavian L. , Burnet J. P. , Bastos M. Cerqueira , Baglin V. , Jimenez J. M. , Jones R. , Lefevre T. , Schmickler H. , Barnes M. J. , Borburgh J. , Mertens V. , Aβmann R. W. , Redaelli S. , Missiaen D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMagnets are at the core of both circular and linear accelerators. The main function of a magnet is to guide the charged particle beam by virtue of theLorentz force, given by the following expression:whereqis the electrical charge of the particle,vits velocity, andBthe magnetic field induction. The trajectory of a particle in the field depends hence on the particle velocity and on the space distribution of the field. The simplest case is that of a uniform magnetic field with a single component and velocityvnormal to it, in which case the particle trajectory is a circle. A uniform field has thus a purebendingeffect on a charged particle, and the magnet that generates it is generally referred to as adipole.
Forces maintaining the DNA double helix
Authors: Privalov Peter L. , Crane-Robinson Colyn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite the common acceptance that the enthalpy of DNA duplex unfolding does not depend on temperature and is greater for the CG base pair held by three hydrogen bonds than for the AT base pair held by only two, direct calorimetric measurements have shown that the enthalpic and entropic contributions of both base pairs are temperature dependent and at all temperatures are greater for the AT than the CG pair. The temperature dependence results from hydration of the apolar surfaces of bases that become exposed upon duplex dissociation. The larger enthalpic and entropic contributions of the AT pair are caused by water fixed by this pair in the minor groove of DNA and released on duplex dissociation. Analysis of the experimental thermodynamic characteristics of unfolding/refolding DNA duplexes of various compositions shows that the enthalpy of base pairing is negligibly small, while the entropic contribution is considerable. Thus, DNA base pairing is entropy driven and is coupled to the enthalpy driven van der Waals base pair stacking. Each of these two processes is responsible for about half the Gibbs energy of duplex stabilization, but all the enthalpy, i.e., the total heat of melting, results from dissociation of the stacked base pairs. Both these processes tightly cooperate: while the pairing of conjugate bases is critical for recognition of complementary strands, stacking of the flat apolar surfaces of the base pairs reinforces the DNA duplex formed.
GPS + Galileo + BeiDou precise point positioning with triple-frequency ambiguity resolution
Authors: Li Pan , Jiang Xinyuan , Zhang Xiaohong , Ge Maorong , Schuh Harald 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlong with the rapid development of GNSS, not only BeiDou, but also Galileo, and the newly launched GPS satellites can provide signals on three frequencies at present. To fully take advantage of the multi-frequency multi-system GNSS observations on precise point positioning (PPP) technology, this study aims to implement the triple-frequency ambiguity resolution (AR) for GPS, Galileo, and BeiDou-2 combined PPP using the raw observation model. The processing of inter-frequency clock bias (IFCB) estimation and correction in the context of triple-frequency PPP AR has been addressed, with which the triple-frequency uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) estimation is realized for real GPS observations for the first time. In addition, the GPS extra-wide-line UPD quality is significantly improved with the IFCB correction. Because of not being contaminated by the IFCB, the raw UPD estimation method is directly employed for Galileo which currently has 24 satellites in operation. An interesting phenomenon is found that all Galileo satellites except E24 have a zero extra-wide-lane UPD value. With the multi-GNSS observations provided by MGEX covering 15 days, the positioning solutions of GPS + Galileo + BeiDou triple-frequency PPP AR have been conducted and analyzed. The triple-frequency kinematic GNSS PPP AR can achieve an averaged 3D positioning error of 2.2 cm, and an averaged convergence time of 10.8 min. The average convergence time can be reduced by triple-frequency GNSS PPP AR by 15.6% compared with dual-frequency GNSS PPP AR, respectively. However, the additional third frequency has only a marginal contribution to positioning accuracy after convergence.