bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic investigation of the association between network dynamics in the human brain and the state of consciousness
Authors: Crone Julia S , Lutkenhoff Evan S , Vespa Paul M , Monti Martin M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn increasing amount of studies suggest that brain dynamics measured with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are related to the state of consciousness. However, the challenge of investigating neuronal correlates of consciousness is the confounding interference between (recovery of) consciousness and behavioral responsiveness. To address this issue, and validate the interpretation of prior work linking brain dynamics and consciousness, we performed a longitudinal fMRI study in patients recovering from coma. Patients were assessed twice, 6 months apart, and assigned to one of two groups. One group included patients who were unconscious at the first assessment but regained consciousness and improved behavioral responsiveness by the second assessment. The other group included patients who were already conscious and improved only behavioral responsiveness. While the two groups were matched in terms of the average increase in behavioral responsiveness, only one group experienced a categorical change in their state of consciousness allowing us to partially dissociate consciousness and behavioral responsiveness. We find the variance in network metrics to be systematically different across states of consciousness, both within and across groups. Specifically, at the first assessment, conscious patients exhibited significantly greater variance in network metrics than unconscious patients, a difference that disappeared once all patients had recovered consciousness. Furthermore, we find a significant increase in dynamics for patients who regained consciousness over time, but not for patients who only improved responsiveness. These findings suggest that changes in brain dynamics are indeed linked to the state of consciousness and not just to a general level of behavioral responsiveness.
Measuring change in health-related quality of life: the impact of different analytical methods on the interpretation of treatment effects in glioma patients
Authors: Coomans Marijke B , Taphoorn Martin J B , Aaronson Neil K , Baumert Brigitta G , van den Bent Martin , Bottomley Andrew , Brandes Alba A , Chinot Olivier , Coens Corneel , Gorlia Thierry , Herrlinger Ulrich , Keime-Guibert Florence , Malmström Annika , Martinelli Francesca , Stupp Roger , Talacchi Andrea , Weller Michael , Wick Wolfgang , Reijneveld Jaap C , Dirven Linda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Different analytical methods may lead to different conclusions about the impact of treatment on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to examine 3 different methods to evaluate change in HRQoL and to study whether these methods result in different conclusions.

Methods
HRQoL data from 15 randomized clinical trials were combined (CODAGLIO project). Change in HRQoL scores, measured with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and BN20 questionnaires, was analyzed in 3 ways: (1) at the group level, comparing mean changes in scale/item scores between treatment arms, (2) at the patient level per scale/item, calculating the percentage of patients that deteriorated, improved, or remained stable per scale/item, and (3) at the individual patient level, combining all scales/items.

Results
Baseline and first follow-up HRQoL data were available for 3727 patients. At the group scale/item level, only the item “hair loss” showed a significant and clinically relevant change (ie, ≥10 points) over time, whereas change scores on the other scales/items were statistically significant only (all P &lt; .001; range in change score, 0.1-6.2). Although a large proportion of patients had stable HRQoL over time (range, 27%-84%) on the patient level per scale/item, many patients deteriorated (range, 6%-43%) or improved (range, 8%-32%) on a specific scale/item. At the individual patient level, the majority of patients (86%) showed both deterioration and improvement, whereas only 1% remained stable on all scales.

Conclusions
Different analytical methods of changes in HRQoL result in distinct conclusions of treatment effects, all of which may be relevant for informing clinical decision making.
Improving immunization uptake rates among Gypsies, Roma and Travellers: a qualitative study of the views of service providers
Authors: Mytton Julie , Bedford Helen , Condon Louise , Jackson Cath ,   UNITING team
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Gypsies, Roma and Travellers are at risk of low uptake of routine immunizations. Interventions to improve uptake in these communities are seldom evaluated. As part of a qualitative study exploring barriers and facilitators to immunization uptake in Travellers, we report service provider (SP) perspectives.

Methods
We interviewed immunization SPs working with six Traveller communities across four UK cities. Participants included frontline staff and those with strategic or commissioning roles. Semi-structured interviews explored perceived attitudes of Travellers to vaccinations, local service delivery, and opportunities and challenges to improving uptake. Audio-recordings were transcribed, analyzed thematically and mapped to a socio-ecological model of health.

Results
39 SPs participated. Four overarching themes were identified: building trusting relationships between SPs and Travellers; facilitating attendance at appointments; improving record keeping and monitoring and responding to local and national policy change. Travellers were perceived as largely supportive of immunizations, though system and organizational processes were recognized barriers to accessing services.

Conclusions
Findings were broadly consistent across Traveller groups and settings. The barriers identified could often be addressed within existing infrastructure, though require system or policy change. Development of a culturally competent system appears important to enable equity in access to immunizations for Travellers.
Perceptions of public on the COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore: a qualitative content analysis
Authors: Shorey Shefaly , Ang Emily , Yamina Amira , Tam Clarence 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Singapore is among the several countries affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. The outbreak has elicited panic and unease among Singapore’s public. This study aimed to analyze the comments left on local media news outlets to find common concerns and discuss potential new measures that can be developed to reduce panic and support for Singapore’s public during and beyond COVID-19.

Methods
A qualitative content analysis on the comments on relevant news articles from the Facebook pages of six online local news publications dated from 23 January 2020 to the 3 April 2020 was carried out.

Results
Five common themes were derived 1: fear and concern (35.42%), 2 panic buying and hoarding (21.21%), 3 reality and expectations about the situation (20.24%), 4 staying positive amid the ‘storm’ (10.07%) and 5 worries about the future (5.01%). The analysis revealed that fear and concern were the main reasons behind the public’s responses.

Conclusion
Clear communication between the government and the public is one of the best ways to maintain calm among the public and to contribute to greater social cooperation. Timely updates and support measures from the government further help to maintain social peace and cohesion.
Enhancement of BMP-2 and VEGF carried by mineralized collagen for mandibular bone regeneration
Authors: Liu Kun , Meng Chun-Xiu , Lv Zhao-Yong , Zhang Yu-Jue , Li Jun , Li Ke-Yi , Liu Feng-Zhen , Zhang Bin , Cui Fu-Zhai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Repairing damage in the craniofacial skeleton is challenging. Craniofacial bones require intramembranous ossification to generate tissue-engineered bone grafts via angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Here, we designed a mineralized collagen delivery system for BMP-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for implantation into animal models of mandibular defects. BMP-2/VEGF were mixed with mineralized collagen which was implanted into the rabbit mandibular. Animals were divided into (i) controls with no growth factors; (ii) BMP-2 alone; or (iii) BMP-2 and VEGF combined. CT and hisomputed tomography and histological staining were performed to assess bone repair. New bone formation was higher in BMP-2 and BMP-2-VEGF groups in which angiogenesis and osteogenesis were enhanced. This highlights the use of mineralized collagen with BMP-2/VEGF as an effective alternative for bone regeneration.
Trauma-informed exercise for women survivors of sexual violence
Authors: Pebole Michelle , Gobin Robyn L , Hall Katherine S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Compared to their male counterparts, women experience alarmingly high rates of sexual violence (SV). Nearly 20% of women in the USA have been victims of SV, and prevalence of sexual assault among female service members is reported to be even higher, up to 50%. SV results in negative health outcomes like posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, obesity, poor body image, and pain-related disability. Exercise has been shown to positively impact both mental and physical health outcomes in populations experiencing posttraumatic symptoms, yet women survivors of SV are often excluded from exercise trials in trauma-affected populations. The purpose of this paper is to comment on the importance of incorporating women-specific trauma-informed principles in the content and delivery of exercise interventions in trauma-affected populations, particularly as it relates to SV. Researchers discuss the implications of female-specific and trauma-informed exercise considerations for SV survivors. This commentary highlights the need for trauma-informed implementation efforts and outcome measurements in exercise interventions involving women affected by SV. Researchers call for (a) increased qualitative work on trauma-specific implementation efforts across exercise intervention domains and (b) increased assessment of trauma-specific outcomes in exercise trials.
More students doing more maths? Student attitudes to mathematics and perceptions of its teaching in a new post-compulsory course
Authors: Homer Matt , Mathieson Rachel , Tasara Innocent , Banner Indira 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In England, a relatively new set of post-16 qualifications has been developed under the umbrella term ‘Core Maths’, with a focus on the application of mathematics in context, including the kinds of mathematics needed to support other subjects, to provide a sound basis for the mathematical demands of higher education and employment and to develop problem-solving skills for use in life. The UK government has an ambition that all post-16 students should be studying some mathematics, and Core Maths was designed in part with this aspiration in mind. In this paper, longitudinal questionnaire data from over 100 Core Maths students in 13 case study institutions are analysed to measure students’ views of teaching as transmissionist, their mathematical dispositions and self-identification and how these change over a year of studying Core Maths. We find some evidence that pedagogy in lessons is perceived as being less transmissionist than it was in school mathematics pre-16. There is also some evidence of a negative change in students’ mathematical dispositions over a year of Core Maths. We conclude that supporting teachers in embedding new pedagogical approaches remains a challenge and that this issue could inhibit the growth of new qualifications like Core Maths.
Guillain–Barré Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Frank Carlos Henrique Michiles , Almeida Taynná Vernalha Rocha , Marques Elyana Almeida , de Sousa Monteiro Quezia , Feitoza Pablo Vinícius Silveira , Borba Mayla Gabriela Silva , Vasconcelos Heline Lira , de Souza Bastos Michele , Lacerda Marcus Vinicius Guimarães 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We report the case of a 15-year-old male patient presenting frontal headaches with retro-orbital pain accompanied by fever evolving to weakness and pain of the lower limbs, which ascended to upper limbs. A COVID-19 rapid test (IgG and IgM) and nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive for SARS-CoV-2. The blood tests, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) analysis and CSF aerobic culture revealed no abnormalities. PCR testing of the CSF was negative for the most prevalent etiologies as well as for SARS-CoV-2. Electroneurography study was compatible with the acute motor axonal neuropathy variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome. No cases involving young patients have been presented to date. Therefore, this is the first reported pediatric case of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with GBS. Evidence reveals that SARS-CoV-2 infection is not limited to the respiratory tract. Neurotropism could explain this important neurologic manifestation of COVID-19 in children.
Effect of NSAID Use on Bone Healing in Pediatric Fractures: A Preliminary, Prospective, Randomized, Blinded Study
Authors: Nuelle Julia A.V. , Coe Kelsie M. , Oliver Harvey A. , Cook James L. , Hoernschemeyer Daniel G. , Gupta Sumit K. 
Published: June 2020

Background:This study aimed to investigate if nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used in the acute phase of bone healing in children with fractures result in delayed union or nonunion as compared with patients who do not take NSAIDs for pain control during this same time period.Methods:In this prospective, randomized, parallel, single-blinded study, skeletally immature patients with long bone fractures were randomized to 1 of 2 groups for their postfracture pain management. The NSAID group was prescribed weight-based ibuprofen, whereas the control group was not allowed any NSAID medication and instead prescribed weight-based acetaminophen. Both groups were allowed to use oxycodone for breakthrough pain. The primary outcome was fracture healing assessed at 2, 6, and 10 weeks.Results:One-hundred-two patients were enrolled between February 6, 2014 and September 23, 2016. Ninety-five patients (with 97 fractures) completed a 6-month follow-up (46 patients with 47 fractures in the control group and 49 patients 50 fractures in the NSAID group). None achieved healing at 1 to 2 weeks. By 6 weeks, 37 of 45 patients (82%) of control group and 46 out of 50 patients (92%) of ibuprofen group had healed fractures (P=0.22). At 10 to 12 week follow-up, 46 (98%) of the control group fractures were healed and 50 (100%) of the ibuprofen group fractures were healed. All were healed by 6 months. Healing was documented at a mean of 40 days in the control group and 31 days in the ibuprofen group (P=0.76). The mean number of days breakthrough oxycodone was used was 2.4 days in the control group and 1.9 days in the NSAID group (P=0.48).Conclusion:Ibuprofen is an effective medication for fracture pain in children and its use does not impair clinical or radiographic long bone fracture healing in skeletally immature patients.Level of Evidence:Level I—therapeutic.
The Evaluation of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness in Adult Offspring of Primary Open-angle Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Bilgin Sinan 
Published: June 2020

Precis:
In the adult offspring of glaucoma patients, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, especially in the inferior quadrant, were significantly decreased. This finding in the adult offspring of glaucoma patients may be important in evaluating the course of glaucoma disease.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate RNFL and GCC thickness in adult offspring of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and to compare the results with individuals without a family history for glaucoma disease.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional observational study. Forty eyes of 40 individuals with self-reported family history for proven POAG and 40 eyes of 40 healthy individuals without a family history for glaucoma disease were included in the study. RNFL and macular GCC thickness were measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and the results were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:
In adult offspring of patients with POAG, RNFL and GCC thickness were thinner in all quadrants. Average RNFL and GCC decreased significantly in adult offspring of patients with POAG (P=0.039 and 0.015, respectively). Thinning in RNFL and GCC thickness was especially significant in the inferior quadrant (P=0.024 and 0.039, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of mean deviation and pattern standard deviation values (P=0.064 and 0.091, respectively).

Conclusions:
In adult offspring of POAG patients, especially in the inferior quadrant, the RNFL and GCC thickness are significantly lower than in subjects without a family history. Prospective, controlled clinical trials with longer follow-up are needed to better understand whether these changes are an early indicator of glaucoma, and the progression of glaucoma disease.
Diurnal Measurements of Macular Thickness and Vessel Density on OCT Angiography in Healthy Eyes and Those With Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma
Authors: Milani Paolo , Bochicchio Sara , Urbini Lara E. , Bulone Ennio , Callegarin Stefania , Pisano Luca , Scotti Lorenza , Zambon Antonella , Bergamini Fulvio 
Published: June 2020

Precis:
Macular superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and thickness are reduced in eyes with glaucoma and ocular hypertension, but do not change significantly during the day. No relationships with age, intraocular pressure, systemic hypertension, or axial length were found.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate diurnal differences in retinal thickness and vessel density (VD) of the macular SCP and deep capillary plexus (DCP) using optical coherence tomography angiography among 3 groups: eyes with glaucoma, eyes with ocular hypertension, and healthy eyes.

Methods:
A consecutive series of individuals was recruited prospectively. Optical coherence tomography angiography was performed in the morning and in the evening.

Results:
Forty eyes from 23 individuals with glaucoma (58.35±6 y), 52 eyes from 32 individuals with ocular hypertension (58.84±7 y), and 73 eyes from 44 controls (57.84±6 y) were enrolled. Morning and evening measurements of all SCP-VD and retinal thickness parameters were statistically significantly different (P<0.04) among the 3 groups of eyes. None of the DCP-VD parameters were significantly different. Daily changes in SCP-VD, DCP-VD, and retinal thickness among the groups of eyes were not statistically significant. Systemic hypertension, age, axial length, and diurnal changes in intraocular pressure were not significantly associated with diurnal fluctuations of SCP-VD, DCP-VD, or retinal thickness (P>0.19). A positive linear correlation in diurnal changes was found between SCP-VD and DCP-VD in the fovea and in the parafovea (r=0.5567 and 0.5892, respectively) and between SCP-VD and retinal thickness in the fovea and in the parafovea (r=−0.2288 and 0.2418, respectively).

Conclusions:
Macular SCP-VD and thickness are reduced in eyes with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Although diurnal changes in SCP-VD, DCP-VD and macular thickness were not significant among the groups, some linear correlations in increasing or decreasing values of the investigated parameters were found.
Associations of Abdominal Pain and Psychosocial Distress Measures With Health-Related Quality-of-Life in Pediatric Healthy Controls and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Hollier John M. , Czyzewski Danita I. , Self Mariella M. , Liu Yan , Weidler Erica M. , van Tilburg Miranda A.L. , Varni James W. , Shulman Robert J. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have lower health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) than healthy controls (HC). Abdominal pain and psychosocial distress are negatively associated with HRQOL, although their relative effect is unclear.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the relative associations of abdominal pain and psychosocial distress with HRQOL in HC and IBS.

Study:
Baseline abdominal pain, psychosocial distress, and HRQOL measures were obtained from HC and IBS pediatric clinical trial participants. Regression assessed which measures were most strongly associated with Physical and Psychosocial HRQOL separately by group. Interaction analyses examined group differences in the associations of abdominal pain and psychosocial distress with HRQOL.

Results:
Eight-five HC and 213 children with IBS participated. Somatization was most strongly associated with Physical HRQOL in HC, and functional disability was most strongly related in IBS. With respect to Psychosocial HRQOL, somatization was most strongly associated for both HC and IBS; depression was also significantly associated in HC. The strength of association between somatization and Physical HRQOL differed between groups; the negative association was less pronounced for IBS than HC. The association between functional disability and both Physical and Psychosocial HRQOL differed significantly between groups; the negative associations were more pronounced for IBS than HC.

Conclusions:
Multiple psychosocial distress measures, including somatization, were associated with HRQOL in children with IBS; HRQOL in HC was driven consistently by somatization, to the exclusion of other psychosocial concerns. The associations of somatization and functional disability with HRQOL are distinctly different between HC and IBS. This knowledge supports utilization of psychosocial interventions to improve overall well-being for children with IBS.
Safety of Rapid Infliximab Infusions in Children
Authors: van Wassenaer Elsa A. , van Oosterhout Janneke P.M. , Daams Joost G. , van den Berg Merlijn J.M. , van der Lee Hanneke , D’Haens Geert R. , de Meij Tim G.J. , Benninga Marc A. , Koot Bart G.P. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to assess whether the incidence of infusion reactions (IR) increases after rapid (≤1 hour) infliximab (IFX) infusions, compared with standard (2–3 hour) infusions in children.Methods:Systematic review including studies describing the number of IR after rapid IFX infusion in children ages 0 to 18 years.Results:Four records were included (3 retrospective, n = 498, 347 standard infusions, 3703 rapid infusions). Reported incidences of IR ranged from 0% to 2% of infusions in standard groups (reported 95% confidence intervals [CIs] ranged from 0% to 7%) and from 0% to 2% of infusions in rapid groups (reported 95% CIs ranged from 0% to 12%). None of the studies included reported a significant difference in incidence of IR between the 2 groups.Conclusions:There is insufficient evidence to conclude whether the rate of IR after rapid IFX increases. The consistent finding of no increase in IR in all studies and the low rate of observed IR suggests there is no significant difference in rate of IR.