bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Distribution of Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factors (CNF-1, CNF-2, CNF-3) and Cytolethal Distending Toxins (CDT-1, CDT-2, CDT-3, CDT-4) in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Extraintestinal Infections and The Determination of Their Philogenetic Relationship by PFGE
Authors: GUNERI Cansu ONLEN , KOKSAL Fatih , KIZILYILDIRIM Suna , BEDIR Basak , Nagiyev Togrul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Determinants of extraintestinal infection in Escherichia coli (E. coli) remain unclear. Virulence factors making Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) different from other E. coli strains are the host cell adhesion, invasion, and two important factors/toxins, Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor (CNF) and Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) that are responsible for cell death. In the present study, prevalence of CNF-CDT genotypes was investigated in 645 E. coli strains isolated from patients. This prevalence was analyzed regarding clinical origins, phylogroups and putative phylogenetic relationships.Results: At least one virulence gene identified for ExPEC was found in 156 (24%) of 645 E. coli strains. 78, 12, 20 of ExPEC strains contained cnf1, cnf2, cnf3, respectively. Genes of cdt1, cdt2, cdt3 and cdt4 were detected as 20, 4, 4, 4. Finally, two factors were detected cnf1-cnf3 (n=6), cnf1- cdt1 (n=4), cdt1-cdt4 (n=4). These 156 strains were found to be distributed in 106 large clusters by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Virulent ExPEC was primarily related to the groups B2 (60%) and D (32%). Conclusions: The CNF gene family is believed to enhance colonization of E. coli especially in the urinary system and the genes of E. coli gene pool gain the ability to survive in new environments, such as the human urinary tract. The widespread diffusion of the CNF gene in E. coli helps to distinguish ExPEC from commensal strains and these genes may be used as specific marker for non-commensal E. coli. It was concluded that different strains of E. coli gained ExPEC properties by acquiring different virulence genes resulting in deletion and recombination mutations, and it was thought that the infections caused by these strains were more likely community-acquired rather than hospital-acquired. Furthermore, in this study, cnf2, cnf3, cdt1, cdt2, cdt3 and cdt4 genes were demonstrated in Turkey for the first time.
Anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin Complex Antibodies in Patients With Cutaneous Vasculitis: Possible Involvement in the Pathogenesis
Authors: Tamura Yuto , Kawakami Tamihiro , Dong Yupeng , Yoshinari Miku , Nishibata Yuka , Masuda Sakiko , Tomaru Utano , Ishizu Akihiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective. It was previously demonstrated that cutaneous vasculitis, including IgA vasculitis and cutaneous arteritis (CA), is associated with the presence of IgM antibodies (Abs) against the phosphatidylserine/prothrombin complex (PS/PT). Recently, novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for the detection of IgG and IgM anti-PS/PT (aPS/PT) Abs have become commercially available.Methods. The prevalence of serum IgG and IgM aPS/PT Abs in both cutaneous and systemic vasculitis was determined using these kits. In addition, to examine whether aPS/PT Abs were involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous vasculitis, inbred wild-type rats were intravenously administered with a rat IgM class aPS/PT monoclonal Ab established previously or with rat immunoglobulins as controls. To express PS on the surface of vascular endothelium, these rats were given a subcutaneous injection of cell-free histones (250 µg/ml, 300 µl/site) 2 hours in advance. Results. Serum IgM aPS/PT Ab levels were elevated in patients with systemic vasculitis with skin involvement and CA compared to those in patients with systemic vasculitis without skin involvement and healthy controls. There was no significant difference in the serum levels of IgG aPS/PT Abs between the patients and healthy controls. Correspondingly, inbred wild-type rats intravenously administered with the aPS/PT monoclonal IgM Ab after appropriate priming—subcutaneous histone injection—developed cutaneous vasculitis. Some rats given rat IgM instead of the aPS/PT monoclonal Ab also developed cutaneous vasculitis, whereas vasculitis did not occur in rats given IgG or only priming by histones. Conclusion. IgM aPS/PT Abs could be involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous vasculitis.
Risk Analysis for Pulmonary Metastasis of Chondrosarcoma and Establishment and Validation of Novel Clinical Prediction Models: a Clinical Study Based on the SEER Database
Authors: LI Wenle , Hao-sheng WANG , Li-Jun NING , Sen GAO , Wen-shi ZHANG , HU Zhaohui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: Lung metastasis of chondrosarcoma is associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the nomogram to predict the risk of lung metastasis in patients with chondrosarcoma, thus contributing to clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods: Data on chondrosarcoma patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2016 were then screened by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression to construct a Nomogram predicting lung metastasis risk. Nomogram model discrimination was assessed by calibration charts, while prediction accuracy and clinical values were measured by decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact charts. In addition, the predicted Nomogram were validated in the internal test set. Results: A total of 944 patients were enrolled and randomly divided into the training group (n=664) and the validation group (n=280) in a ratio of 7 to 3.After logistics regression analysis, significant variables were gender, age, marital status, tumor volume and lymphatic metastasis. Calibration curves show consistency between Nomogram predictions and actual observations, while DCA and clinical impact diagrams show the clinical utility of Nomogram. In addition, ROC also showed good discrimination and calibration in the training group (AUC = 0.789, 95%CI 0.789 -- 0.808) and the validation group (AUC = 0.796, 95%CI 0.744 -- 0.841).Conclusions: Nomogram for lung metastases in chondrosarcoma can effectively predict the individual risk of lung metastases and provide clinicians with enlightening information to optimize treatment.
Using 18F-FDG PET/CT to Predict Esophageal Cancer Survival: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Jingying , Song Jianbo , Li Sijin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to explore whether metabolic responses to positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) collected before, during, or after the treatment can predict the long-term survival rate of patients with esophageal cancer.Main body: We searched for the following indices in articles listed in English and Chinese literature databases: the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), mean standard uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). If their values exceeded the thresholds, we defined them as responders; if they did not, we defined them as non-responders. We then performed a meta-analysis by extracting the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) from each report to predict whether the status of responder or non-responder had an impact on prognosis.We identified 34 articles with a combined sample size of 2794 patients. HRs and 95% CIs were measured as follows: SUVmax = 1.15 (0.98-1.35), MTV = 3.45 (0.78-15.25), TLG = 1.04 (1.02-1.07), and SUVmean = 1.85 (1.33-2.57) (before treatment); ΔSUVmax = 1.22 (1.06-1.39), Δ MTV = 1.07 (0.54-2.15), and ΔTLG = 1.09 (0.59-2.02) (during treatment); and SUVmax = 1.13 (1.05-1.22) and TLG = 1.05 (1.02-1.09) (after treatment). The results showed that the overall survival of the patients with low SUV (MTV, TLG) values was significantly higher than that of the patients with high SUV (MTV, TLG) values.Conclusions: This meta-analysis shows that the prognoses of patients with PET metabolic responses are significantly better than those of non-responders. Our findings may help inform the clinical treatment and prediction of the prognoses of patients with esophageal cancer.
The Impact of Daily Urinary Volume Variations and Prostate Volume on Prostate Position During Radiotherapy
Authors: Nishioka Kentaro , Hashimoto Takayuki , Abe Takashige , Osawa Takahiro , Matsumoto Ryuji , Yokota Isao , Katoh Norio , Kinoshita Rumiko , Yasuda Koichi , Yakabe Toshiaki , Yoshimura Takaaki , Takao Seishin , Shinohara Nobuo , Aoyama Hidefumi , Shimizu Shinichi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDaily variations in bladder volumes are thought to be a major cause of prostate position changes during radiotherapy, however, the impact of such changes on prostate position is not fully established. We hypothesized that prostate volume (PV) could also be related to the susceptibility of prostate movement to changes in urinary volume (UV). The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of daily UV variations and PV on the prostate position during radiotherapy.MethodsA total of 268 treatment sessions in 12 consecutive prostate cancer patients who were treated with proton beam therapy in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were instructed to void urine and feces one hour before the treatment and the UV was measured by a portable ultrasound device just before the treatment. After the positional registration based on bone structure, the prostate positional difference from the planned position was measured using fiducial markers in the prostate and a real-time tumor tracking system. The measurements were for the differences in the left-right (LR), cranial-caudal (CC), and anterior-posterior (AP) directions. The PV was measured by ultrasound imaging before every treatment. The impact of the UV variations on the prostate position was evaluated by the linear mixed effect model, and including PV (<20ml and ≥20ml) as covariates. ResultsThere was significant movement of the prostate in the posterior direction with increasing UV in patients with PV ≥ 20 ml (p=0.04, estimated coefficient of regression -0.436 mm/100ml, 95% CI from -0.854 to -0.018). However, there was no significant correlation between UV changes and movement of the prostate in either of the LR, CC, or AP directions in all cases and patients with PV < 20 ml.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the increase of UV could result in posterior prostate movement in patients with prostatic hyperplasia, however, the clinical impact is thought to be small. There is however a need for further research to identify other factors that could affect the daily changes in prostate position as well as a need for a more ideal preparation protocol to improve the reproducibility of the treatment-planning CT.
The Role of Radiotherapy for Pancreatic Malignancies- A Population-based Analysis of the SEER-Medicare Database.
Authors: luo yunxiu , Xiao Shengjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and objective. To investigate the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients after surgical resection for pancreatic cancer. Methods and patients. The patients with pancreatic cancer from 18 registered institutions in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database were retrospectively analyzed. The characteristics of patients who would benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy were screened, as well as whether neoadjuvant or adjuvant radiotherapy conferred to a better clinical outcome. Results. 30249 patients included in this study (21295 vs 8954 in surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy group) .The median survivals in the surgery (S) group and adjuvant radiotherapy (S+R) group were 24 and 21 months respectively, The 1, 3, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates in the S group and S+R group were 68%, 40%, 31% ,and 75%, 30%, 20%, respectively (p<0.001).Stratified analysis showed patients with histological classified as adenocarcinoma(15 VS 21, P<0.0001), infiltrating duct carcinoma (17 VS 21,P<0.0001), adenosquamous carcinoma(10 VS 18,P<0.0001) could be benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was helpful to improve the OS for patients with pancreatic head (19 VS 21, P=0.0003) and duct carcinoma (18VS 28, P=0.0121). Subgroup stratified assay indicated specific patients with early stage (AJCC 7th I, II, T2, N0) pancreatic carcinoma had better OS after additional radiotherapy than surgery alone. Conclusion. Additional radiotherapy may contribute to improved prognosis for patients with pancreatic carcinoma of specific histological types (adenocarcinoma/carcinoma, infiltrating duct carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, and squamous), anatomical location, and advanced stage. A specific subgroup of patients with an early stage (I/II, T2) pancreatic cancer should be considered for additional radiotherapy.
Mediating Effect of C-reactive Protein and Aspartate Aminotransferase on Diabetes Mellitus and Myocardial Infarction Risk
Authors: Zhao Hui , Jiang Miao-miao , Hu Sang , Su Chang , Zhang Li , Cheng Zi-ping , Liu Zhao-ping , Jiang Qin , Ji Wen , Hong Jing-fang , Zhang Hui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The relationship between diabetes and myocardial infarction has always been the focus of research, but it is not clear whether the DM-MI association is direct or mediated by other factors. Our hypothesis is that part of the risk of MI in DM patients may be mediated by CRP and AST. We examined this hypothesis in the mediation analysis and tried to assess the extent to which CRP and AST could explain the MI risk caused by DM.Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 130 patients with MI and 130 patients with no-MI. We compared the relevant biochemical indicators of MI and no-MI patients, and applied mediation analysis to test the association of CRP and AST with DM-MI Potential adjustment effect.Results: The study found that individuals who suffered MI were more likely to have DM as compared with Non-MI (OR = 2.117, 95%CI = 1.130-4.195, P = 0.020), and CRP and AST are positively correlated with the occurrence of MI, For every unit increase in CRP and AST levels, the risk level of MI Significantly increased by 1%, 3.1% respectively. The direct effect of DM and MI is 0.847, the mediating effect of CRP is 7.69% of the total effect, and the mediating effect of AST is 52.79% of the total effect. The mediation effect of the CRP-AST path is 0.386, accounting for 12.36% of the total effect. In the mediation model we verified, CRP and AST play a part of the mediation effect between DM with MI, and the total mediation effect accounts for 72.84%.Conclusions: CRP and AST play an important role in the risk of DM-induced MI. This provides evidence for the mechanism and is of great significance for the exploration of therapeutic targets.
Comparison of Framingham 10-Year Cardiovascular Event Risks in Native- and Foreign-born Primary Healthcare Populations in Sweden
Authors: Taloyan Marina , Wågström Victor , Steiner Kristin Hjörleifdottir , Östenson Claes-Göran , Yarbakht Danial , Salminen Helena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) around the world varies by ethnicity and region of birth. Immigrants living in Sweden may have a higher prevalence of CVD than native-born Swedes, but little is known about their actual risk of cardiovascular events (CVE). The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) uses cardiovascular risk factors to estimate the 10-year CVE risk. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship in Sweden between an elevated 10-year CVE risk and both birthplace and other risk factors.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was based on CVD risk factor data obtained from the 4D Diabetes Project, a Programme 4D subproject in Sweden. Participants were recruited from two primary healthcare centres in Stockholm, from 2013 through 2015, were between 18 and 74 years old, had no history of diabetes or pre-diabetes, and were divided into two birthplace groups (Sweden-born and foreign-born, the largest group born in the Middle East). FRS was calculated and 10-year CVE risk was determined for each participant. Logistic regression analysis was performed to generate odds ratios (OR) for the outcome, an elevated (≥10%) risk of CVE within 10 years. ResultsOf the 830 participants in the study, 170 (20.5%) had an elevated 10-year CVE risk. A significantly higher proportion of Sweden-born (vs. foreign-born) participants had an elevated 10-year CVE risk (35.6% vs. 12.9%; P < 0.0001). Foreign-born participants had a significantly lower mean age (45.6 vs. 55.8 years, P < 0.001), but a significantly higher proportion were smokers (23.9% vs. 13.7%; P = 0.001). Participants born in Sweden (vs. foreign-born) were almost two times more likely to have an elevated 10-year CVE risk, even when adjustments were made for age, sex, education, waist circumference, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level (Adjusted OR=1.73; 95% CI, 1.10-2.77).ConclusionsIn Sweden, native-born participants were more likely to have an elevated 10-year CVE risk than those born in other countries (including the Middle East). These results contradict reports of higher rates of CVD in Middle-Eastern countries than in Sweden. A cardiovascular risk scoring system modified for region of birth or ethnicity may be needed in Sweden.PermitAn ethical permit was granted by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Stockholm, review number 2013/2303-31/3.
Molecular Diagnosis of a Hybridized Tapeworm (Between Taenia Saginata and Taenia Asiatica) Infection Case in Yunnan, China, 2019
Authors: Zhang Yun-Zhi , Liao Ce-Heng , You Zhi , Qiu Ye , He Zuo-Shun , Liu Juan , Fang Wen , Li Hong-Ying , Daszak Peter , Hu Jun-Jie , Ge Xing-Yi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Human taeniasis is still prevalent in many countries in the world and affecting human health. Three species of tapeworms in the genus Taenia, including Taenia asiatica, Taenia saginata, and Taenia solium are the most common pathogens for the diseases. The genetic relationships of T. saginata and T. asiatica are close. The natural hybridization between these two has not been clinically diagnosed in China. In this study, we report an 18-year-old male patient with taeniasis hospitalized in Yunnan, China, in 2019. The patient was treated with traditional Chinese medicine, and a tapeworm around 2.7 m long was expelled. The morphology of egg and gravid proglottid of the tapeworm were revealed. More interesting is that the tapeworm was identified as a T. saginata-T. asiatica hybridized by the molecularly and phylogenetic analysis. The case study reported the first human taeniasis caused by the T. saginata and T. asiatica hybridization and suggested that the new types of hybridized taeniases exist in China and further investigation and research on the pathogens in Yunnan is needed.
The deposition characteristics of Schistosoma japonicum eggs and its application in hatching method
Authors: man yang , Ji Rongyi , Shen Yuanxi , Zhu Chuangang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

Schistosomiasis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease, which remains a major public concern in china. However, the detection of schistosomiasis in the field is still based on the traditional faecal hatching method, which is tedious and time-consuming. Therefore, method for detecting schistosomiasis in the field needs to be improved.
Methods

New Zealand rabbits artificially infected with S. japonicum cercariae were used as animal models to study the deposition characteristics of Schistosoma japonicum eggs. The distributions of eggs in the intestinal wall at 42 d and 60 d post-infection were compared. The distributions of eggs in rabbit faecal samples were also observed. Goat faeces were used to compare the conventional faecal hatching method and the simplified direct immersion faecal hatching method.
Results

The distribution of eggs in the intestinal wall in the animal model at 42 d post-infection was as follows: the number of eggs per gram (EPG) was the highest (42780.13 ± 4789.81 eggs/g) in the rectum. The caecum had the largest proportion (42.97%) of eggs deposited. At 60 d post-infection, the rectum still had the highest EPG (117868.20 ± 67232.80 eggs/g). However, instead of the caecum, the lower colon had the largest proportion (64.90%). Moreover, 42.20% of eggs occupied the periphery of rabbit faeces. In the comparison between the conventional faecal hatching method and the simplified direct immersion faecal hatching method, the direct faecal hatching method was simpler, and the results were similar to those of the conventional faecal hatching method.
Conclusion

The deposition characteristics of eggs and their distributions in faecal samples suggest that the direct faecal hatching method can be used to simplify routine faecal hatching detection.
Outcomes of Renal Cell Carcinoma with Associated Venous Tumor Thrombus: Experience from a Large Cohort and Short Time Span in a Single Center
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Yang Feilong , Ge Liyuan , Qiu Min , Liu Zhuo , Liu Cheng , Tian Xiaojun , Zhang Shudong , Ma Lulin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The surgical management and outcomes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with venous tumor thrombus (VTT) have been reported in limited sample size, and there remain discrepancies over the factors that influence oncologic outcomes after radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy (RNTE).The aim of the study was to analyze the outcomes of the patients with RCC with VTT in our institution and identify the independent prognostic factors. Methods: Patients with RCC with VTT were enrolled for the study from February 2015 to December 2018. All patients underwent RNTE. Clinical data were compared using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Over-all survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariable and multivariable survival analyses were performed using COX.Results: 121 patients (91 men & 30 women) were identified with a mean age of (59.3±10.8) years. VTT level was 0 in 25 patients, I in 20, II in 50, III in 12 and IV in 14. The mean follow-up time was (25.7±14.6) months. During the follow-up period, 50 (41.3%) patients died and 69 (57.0%) patients experienced recurrence or metastasis. The 3-year and 5-year OS rate were 57.8% and 38.9%. Among the several factors examined, positive lymph node (P=0.008), tumor necrosis (P =0.022), sarcomatoid differentiation (P <0.001) and perinephric fat invasion (P =0.041) were demonstrated as independent significant risk factors on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The OS was poor for patients with RCC with VTT. Rather than VTT level, positive lymph node, tumor necrosis, sarcomatoid differentiation and perinephric fat invasion were independent prognostic predictors.