bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial pathogens isolated from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro, Burkina Faso
Authors: BONKO Massa dit Achille , Tahita Marc Christian , Kiemde Francois , Lompo Palpouguini , Yougbaré Sibidou , Some Athanase M. , Tinto Halidou , Mens Petra F. , Menting Sandra , Schallig Henk D. F. H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The curative power of antimicrobials is severely threatened due to emerging resistance to first-line antibiotics worldwide. With a limited reserve of antibiotics, increasing antimicrobial resistance has become a global concern, but there is a paucity of such data in Burkina Faso, and the West African region in general. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial species isolated from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). Methods: Clinical specimens (blood, stool, and urine) were collected from 1099 febrile children attending the peripheral health facilities and the referral hospital in Nanoro. Bacterial isolates from these clinical specimens were assessed for their susceptibility against commonly used antibiotics by standard disc diffusion procedure and minimal inhibitory concentration method (when appropriate). Results: In total, 141 bacterial strains were recovered from 127 febrile children of which 65 strains were isolated from blood, 65 from the stool, and 11 from urine. Predominant bacterial isolates were Salmonella species (56.7%; 80/141) followed by Escherichia coli (33.3%; 47/141). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed Salmonella species were highly resistant to ampicillin (70%; 56/80), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (65%; 52/80), and chloramphenicol (63.8%; 51/80). E. coli isolates were highly resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%), ampicillin (100%), ciprofloxacin (71.4%; 10/14), amoxicillin-clavulanate (64.3%; 9/14), ceftriaxone (64.3%; 9/14), and gentamycin (50%; 7/14). Moreover, 7 out of 14 E. coli isolates were producers of the ß-lactamase enzyme, suggesting multi-drug resistance against b-lactam as well as non-b-lactam antibiotics. S. pneumoniae isolates were fully resistant to tetracycline and 50% to penicillin G. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 54.6% (59/108) of the isolates of which 56 (54.9%) were Gram-negative bacteria and 3 (50.0%) Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusions: The antibiotic susceptibility profiling showed an alarming high resistance to commonly used antibiotics to treat bacterial infections in the study region. The work prompts the need to expand antibiotic resistance surveillance studies in Burkina Faso, and probably the whole region (West Africa).
Network Pharmacology-Based Investigation For Predicting Active Ingredients And Potential Targets Of Strychnos Nux-Vomica L. In Treating Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Zhou Yan , Shen Jianping , Jin Keting , Lin Chenjun , Hong Zirui , Deng Shu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Strychnos nux-vomica L. (SN)，a classic Chinese herb, have long been used for the treatment of cancer for many years, However, the pharmacological mechanisms of SN in treatment of Multiple myeloma L.remain vague.The aim of this study was to examine the network pharmacological potential effects of SN on Multiple myeloma using a systems pharmacology approach.Methods: we collected putative targets of SN based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology database，and oral bioavailability and drug-likeness was screened using absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) criteria. the network of the interactions among the putative targets of SN and known therapeutic targets of Multiple myeloma was built by using the STITCH database. Then, topological parameters, “Degree” ,“Closeness” and“Betweenness” were calculated to identify the hub targets in the network. Furthermore, the hub targets were imported to the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery to perform a pathway enrichment analysis.Results: 60 of the identified potential targets of the SN were also Multiple Myeloma- related targets, including 14 putative targets of SN were observed to be major hubs in terms of topological importance.Additionally,the results of pathway enrichment analysis indicated that targets of SN in treating Multiple Myeloma were mainly clustered into multiple biological processes by activating on several signaling pathways(PI3K-Akt, p38-MAPK, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways), which implied that these were involved in the underlying mechanisms of SN on Multiple Myeloma. Conclusions: Our works successfully explain the potential effects of SN for Multiple Myeloma treatment via the molecular mechanisms predicted by network pharmacology.Moreover,our present outcomes might shed light on the further clinical application of SN in treating Multiple Myeloma.
Prevalence of Primary Headache Disease and Associated Factors with it among Rift Valley University Adama Campus Students, 2019
Authors: Woldegiorgis Daniel Gebretsadik , Bedasa Tadesse Seda 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Headache is a highly prevalent condition among University students than among other population groups but usually under-diagnosed and under-treated. Headache attacks lead to the loss of days of study and poor academic performance. However, the situation in Ethiopia is not well documented. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the prevalence of primary headache and associated factors among Rift Valley University Adama Campus Students. Methodology: Participants were selected using stratified random sampling from three faculties of Rift Valley University, Adama. An interviewer-administered questionnaire developed by reviewing related literature and headache-attributed restriction, disability, social handicap, and impaired participation (HARDSHIP) questionnaire and used to collect the data. STATA 12 was employed for data cleaning and analysis. Variables with a P-value of 0.25 and below on the bivariate logistic regression were considered for Multivariate analysis. Finally, a P-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A total of 240 students participated in this research. The mean age of the students was 23.5 ± 2.4 years, 57.5% of them were female, 85.4 single, and 67.50% of them were urban dwellers. Almost all (97.9%) of the respondents experienced a headache in their lifetime and 61.3% within the last 30 days. Among those who experienced headache 69 (28.75%) had a primary type of headache. Forty-one (17.1%) of the respondent’s fulfilled the criteria for tension-type headache, 28 (11.7%) migraine, and 155 (64.58) had an unclassified type of headache. After controlling possible confounding effects of other covariates, age 23-28 year [AOR: 3.52, 95% CI= 1.69, 7.23], students from business faculty [AOR: 0.30, 95% CI= 0.11, 0.79], being from urban areas [AOR: 2.13, 95% CI=1.04, 4.35], had history of nausea and vomiting [AOR: 8.49, 95% CI= 3.12, 23.15] and bothered by bright light [AOR: 2.15, 95% CI=1.30,3.57] had a significant association with primary headache. Conclusion: Headache is a common complaint among Rift Valley University Adama Campus students and it limits the daily activity of the majority of the sufferers. Students need proper education about treatment to ease their suffering and forestall complications.
LMNB2 Promotes the Progression of Colorectal Cancer by Silencing p21 Expression
Authors: Dong Chen-Hua , Jiang Tao , Yin Hang , Song Hu , Zhang Yi , Geng Hao , Shi Pei-Cong , Xu Yi-Xin , Gao Hong , Liu Lian-Yu , Zhou Lei , Zhang Zhao-Hui , Song Jun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Lamin B2 (LMNB2) is involved in chromatin remodelling and the rupture and reorganization of the nuclear membrane during mitosis, which is necessary for eukaryotic cell proliferation. However, there are few reports on the expression and function of LMNB2 in colorectal cancer.Methods: A tissue microarray (TAM) was used to detect the expression of LMNB2 in 226 colorectal cancer tissues and the corresponding adjacent tissues. The CCK-8 colorimetric assay, EdU incorporation analyses, colony formation assays and cell cycle experiments were used to evaluate the effect of LMNB2 on colorectal cancer cell proliferation in vitro, and a mouse tumorigenic model was used to study the effect of LMNB2 on colorectal cancer cells in vivo. The main pathways and genes regulated by LMNB2 were detected by RNA sequencing. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were conducted to test the direct binding between LMNB2 and p21, and ChIP analysis showed that LMNB2 promotes cell proliferation by regulating the p21 promoter.Results: The results showed that LMNB2 expression is increased in colorectal cancer tissues. Highly expressed LMNB2 is associated with tumour size and TNM stage. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that LMNB2 can be used as an independent prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer. Functional assays indicated that LMNB2 obviously enhanced cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle progression in vitro and in vivo. LMNB2 facilitates cell proliferation via regulating the p21 promoter, whereas LMNB2 had no effect on cell apoptosis in terms of mechanism.Conclusion: LMNB2 promotes the proliferation of colorectal cancer by regulating p21-mediated cell cycle progression, indicating the potential value of LMNB2 as a clinical prognostic marker and molecular therapeutic target.
Risk Factors of Inability to Exist Independently Among Patients With Lung Cancer
Authors: Tradecki Marek , Ziółkowska Jolanta , Roemer-Ślimak Roma , Mazur Grzegorz , Butrym Aleksandra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: This study examined risk factors of the inability to live independently among people with lung cancer.Methods: This paper involved 134 men and women who wanted to get a certificate of the inability to an independent existence issued by the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS). The study protocol was approved by the Commission of Bioethics. The analysis of the results was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 program.Results: In the analyzed period, 75% of people obtained a certificate of the inability to an independent existence (group A) and 25% did not (group B). In group A 56.4% of people were men, and in group B 42.4%. In group A 11.8% of people were diagnosed with small cell lung cancer, no such case was found in group B. Metastases were revealed in 83.2% of applicants from group A while in 57.6% from group B. Statistically significantly lower body mass index (BMI) and a lower sum of points in the Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living (BI) were found in group A compared to group B. Conclusions: In the authors’ opinion, information on BMI, histopathological diagnosis and the presence of metastases are useful in assessing the risk of being unable to live independently in people with lung cancer. BI seems to be helpful in assessing the inability to live independently.
Incidence of Firearm Suicide in US Congressional Districts Estimated from County-Level Underlying Cause of Death Reports
Authors: Schnippel Kathryn , Burd-Sharps Sarah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Suicide is the most common form of violent death in the US and firearms are the most common means of suicide, contributing to half of all suicide deaths. The focus of this research is calculating suicide and firearm suicide counts and rates for each congressional district in order to highlight the types of legislation and local programs that can address this public health crisis in each district.Methods: Counts of suicides and firearm suicides for the congressional districts were calculated by weighting county counts as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the five-year period 2014 to 2018 by the proportion of the county population allocated to the congressional district for that population group as available from the Census Bureau’s Summary File for the 116th Congress. The weighted counts were then summed over the counties in the congressional district. Results: There are 52 firearm suicides on average per congressional district each year, yet there is tremendous district-level variation across the country and even within states. Seventeen districts—in Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York and Washington, DC—have 10 or fewer firearm suicides each year. On the other hand, 11 districts—in Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Tennessee—have over 100 gun suicides each year. 88 percent of the difference in congressional district-level suicide rates is explained by differences in firearm suicide. The proportion of suicides by firearm out of all suicides ranges from 6% to 73% across districts. Rates of suicide by other means were similar across rural and urban districts, while rates of firearm suicide were on average 5 times higher in rural districts (1.77 in urban compared to 10.60 per 100,000 population in rural). Conclusions: Understanding the incidence of firearm suicide in US congressional districts can provide tools for holding elected officials accountable for taking steps-- including research funding, key policies, storage practices, public education initiatives -- to protect the lives of their constituents by preventing firearm suicide.
N6-methyladenosine binding protein YTHDF2 predicts better prognosis in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Xu Xin , Zhang Chihao , Zheng Jun , Yu Jiwei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The potential role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in cancer progression has received tremendous attention over the past few years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2 (YTHDF2) on the prognosis of patients and its potential role in gastric cancer.Methods: A total of 305 gastric cancer patients with clinical information were identified from the TCGA dataset. Limma package was used to analyze the differential m6A regulators; the Cox regression model was used to determine the risk factor for OS. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was employed to adjust for the difference in baseline clinicopathological characteristics between the YTHDF2 low and high expression group. The Cox regression analysis was reused to identify the risk factors for overall survival (OS). GO and KEGG analysis were used to explore the potential role and function of YTHDF2 in gastric cancer.Results: Nineteen m6A methylation regulators were expressed in gastric cancer tissues; YTHDF2 was associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. The expression level of YTHDF2, patient age, and tumor stage were independent risk factors for OS. After PSM, YTHDF2 expression led to a relatively better prognosis and stage. Patients in stage IV had a significantly poor prognosis. The expression of YTHDF2 was associated with cancer-related functions and pathways in gastric cancer.Conclusions: The high expression of YTHDF2 can predict a better prognosis of gastric cancer patients. YTHDF2 exerts a critical role in gastric cancer progression.
Perceptions, Attitudes, and Knowledge of Teachers Serving as Mental Health Lay Counselors in a Low and Middle Income Country: A Mixed Methods Pragmatic Pilot Study
Authors: Cruz Christina M , Lamb Molly M , Giri Priscilla , Vanderburg Juliana , Ferrarone Peter , Bhattarai Surekha , Giardina Aileen , Hampanda Karen , Gaynes Bradley N , Matergia Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Low and middle-income countries (LMICs) have a dire need for trained mental health professionals, especially for children. While teachers’ child development expertise potentially positions them to serve as lay counselors, they have rarely delivered indicated child mental health care in LMICs. As part of assessing the feasibility of teachers serving as lay counselors, we explored teachers’ perceptions about serving as mental health lay counselors on top of typical professional duties and their attitudes towards and knowledge about mental health after serving as lay counselors.Methods: In 2018, 20 primary school teachers from five rural, low cost private schools in Darjeeling, India, received training and supervision to serve as lay mental health counselors in their classrooms. Using mixed methods, we measured teacher mental health attitudes and knowledge and perceptions of serving as lay counselor with study-specific assessments and through semi-structured interviews. Pre-training, post-training, and post-intervention mean scores were compared using paired t tests. Post-intervention interviews were coded for teachers’ mental health attitudes and knowledge and perceptions of serving as lay counselor. Results: Interviews revealed teachers qualitatively having more inclusive mental health attitudes, expressing a willingness to serve as lay counselor, and retaining mental health knowledge as applicable to what may be used during instructional time. By contrast, quantitatively, teachers’ attitudes appeared to become more inclusive on the study-specific survey pre versus post-training, but reverted to pre-training levels post-intervention. Teachers’ mental health counseling knowledge on the quantitative study-specific assessment did not change pre-training versus post-training versus post-intervention.Conclusions: Training, supervision, and serving as lay counselors led to teachers’ willingness to serve as lay counselors. Teachers served as lay counselors by incorporating therapeutic techniques into their student interactions during class time and as part of their typical instruction, not through delivering one-on-one office-like traditional care. Their changes in attitudes and knowledge reflected those expected within an “education as therapy” emerging system of care. Quantitative measures of knowledge and attitude changes did not capture these nuanced changes.Trial Registration: The parent feasibility trial was registered on January 01, 2018 with Clinical Trials Registry – India (CTRI), reg. no. CTRI/2018/01/011471, ref. no. REF/2017/11/015895. http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=21129&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2721129det%27
Response to Trans-arterial Radioembolization Therapy for Liver Cancer According to Voxel-Based Dosimetry: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yoo Min Young , Paeng Jin Chul , Kim Hyo-Cheol , Lee Min Sun , Lee Jae Sung , Lee Dong Soo , Kang Keon Wook , Cheon Gi Jeong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundUsual clinical dosimetry models for trans-arterial radioembolization (TARE) is based on assumption of uniform dose distribution in each tissue compartment. We performed a simple voxel-based dosimetry using post-treatment yttrium-90 (90Y) microsphere PET in TARE and investigated the prognostic value of dosimetry parameters from the voxel-based dosimetry.MethodTwenty-eight patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent TARE using 90Y-microsphere were retrospectively included. Mean absorbed dose of each lesion (TDv) was analyzed using voxel-based dose maps derived from posttreatment 90Y-microsphere PET and voxel-wise S-value kernels. Heterogeneity of intra-tumoral absorbed dose was investigated using standard deviation and coefficient of variation of voxel doses in a tumor. The response of each lesion was classified as local control success (LCS) and local control failure (LCF) based on follow-up MRI or CT. Prognostic values of dosimetry parameters and clinicopathologic factors were evaluated using survival analysis for progression-free survival. ResultsFourteen lesions from 10 patients were analyzed. The LCS and LCF groups showed significant differences in TDv and intra-tumoral absorbed dose heterogeneity, but not in the tumor size. Univariate survival analysis identified high serum aspartate transaminase level (> 40 IU/L), large tumor size (> 66 mm), and low TDv (< 81 Gy) as significant prognostic factors. However, on multivariate analysis, only low TDv was identified as an independent predictive factor (P = 0.022; HR, 21.018; 95% CI: 1.549–258.204), with a cutoff value of 80–120 Gy. Spearman’s correlation analysis also showed a significant correlation between TDv and PFS (P = 0.009, r = 0.669). ConclusionsIn TARE using 90Y-microspheres, voxel-wise absorbed dose can be easily estimated on post-treatment 90Y PET using a simple method. The TDv calculated by the voxel-based dosimetry is an effective prognostic factor for PFS with a cutoff value of 80–120 Gy.
Community-based interventions for preventing COVID-19 transmission in low- and middle-income countries: &nbsp;A systematic review
Authors: Chisale Master R.O. , Ramazanu Sheena , Wu Joseph Tsung-Shu , Sinyiza Frank W. , Bvumbwe Thokozani , Nyambalo Billy , Mbakaya Balwani Chingatichifwe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background World Health Organisation (WHO) has approved and recommended several public health measures to halt the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The implementation of recommended interventions vary between higher income and Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). The economical constraints within LMICs posed challenges in accessing resources for COVID-19 prevention. The study aimed to identify the workable community-based interventions being utilised in LMICs.Main body We applied systematic review approach for this study. Included articles were searched in eight online databases. The analysis was guided by the acceptable of best practice developed by the PROSPERO and COCHRANE for systematic search and selection of articles using pre-defined search terms. Furthermore, a PRISMA flow diagram was used to show the number of articles retrieved, retained, excluded with rationales given for every action. Studies conducted on community-based intervention for preventing COVID-19 and levels of knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) on community-based intervention for preventing COVID-19 regardless of the design were included. A mixed method appraisal tool (MMAT) was used to appraise studies.Six studies from LMICs were included for detail analysis after the systematic review screening process from 10,100 articles. The quality assessment using MMAT tool appraised these articles were all in highest quality. Among the six articles, 10 community-based interventions were implemented in LMICs. The three key workable and implemented interventions are: use of masks, social distance and hand wash. The review identified varying levels of KAP between LMICs and social-demographical factors affecting KAP in these settings.Conclusion This systematic review has identified the community-based interventions implemented in LMICs to prevent COVID-19 during the pandemic and key factors affecting the level of KAP among the population. This study re-affirms the importance of effective and suitable implementation of the identified interventions. More studies need to be conducted in LMICs to establish the effectiveness and adoption of the implemented and recommended interventions.
LRIG1&nbsp;Affects Clonogenicity but Not Metastatic Potential in Non–small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Kvarnbrink Samuel , Hedman Håkan , Johansson Mikael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background. High levels of the leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1 (LRIG1) in tumor tissue are associated with a survival benefit in early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to presently unknown mechanisms.Methods. A panel of NSCLC cell lines was transduced with LRIG1 expression vectors. Cell proliferation, chemosensitivity, radiosensitivity, clonogenicity, and migration were measured in vitro. Mice were implanted with mixed-cell populations, and the fraction of LRIG1-overexpressing cells was compared among metastatic sites, primary tumors, and injected cell populations.Results. Clonogenicity was reduced in LRIG1-overexpressing cell lines. Minor or no changes were observed in the other analyzed functions. LRIG1 was neither enriched nor depleted in tumor cell populations at different metastatic sites.Conclusion. LRIG1 reduced clonogenicity in vitro, but no other single underlying mechanism for LRIG1 tumor suppression in NSCLC was identified. Cell lines established from advanced NSCLC might not be a suitable model for mechanistic studies of early-stage disease.