bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Structurally Ordered Pt/Sn Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids and their Enhanced Catalytic Performance
Authors: Dietrich Christine , Hähsler Martin , Wang Wu , Kübel Christian , Behrens Silke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMultimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) often exhibit enhanced catalytic properties that differ from their parent materials. Carefully exploring the structures of multimetallic NPs is a prerequisite for understanding the structure‐ and composition‐associated properties. Herein, intermetallic Pt/Sn NPs with tunable compositions are designed exploiting the beneficial properties of ionic liquids (ILs) in a one‐pot synthetic procedure. Metal salt precursors are reduced with triethylhydridoborate, whereby the cation of the triethylhydridoborate is adapted to the cation of the IL. Both the initial metal precursor ratio and the type of IL influence the structure of the NPs, with the effect of the IL being more pronounced. PtSn nanocrystals are obtained as phase pure products under optimized reaction conditions, whereby a microwave‐assisted approach leads to higher crystallinity. In the hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, the catalytic performance obviously depend on the NP composition. In bimetallic Pt/Sn NPs, higher Pt content leads to increased conversion, while increase in Sn increases selectivity to the cinnamic alcohol.
The AD Knowledge Portal: A Repository for Multi‐Omic Data on Alzheimer's Disease and Aging
Authors: Greenwood Anna K. , Montgomery Kelsey S. , Kauer Nicole , Woo Kara H. , Leanza Zoe J. , Poehlman William L. , Gockley Jake , Sieberts Solveig K. , Bradic Ljubomir , Logsdon Benjamin A. , Peters Mette A. , Omberg Larsson , Mangravite Lara M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe AD Knowledge Portal (adknowledgeportal.org) is a public data repository that shares data and other resources generated by multiple collaborative research programs focused on aging, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this article, we highlight how to use the Portal to discover and download genomic variant and transcriptomic data from the same individuals. First, we show how to use the web interface to browse and search for data of interest using relevant file annotations. We demonstrate how to learn more about the context surrounding the data, including diagnostic criteria and methodological details about sample preparation and data analysis. We present two primary ways to download data—using a web interface, and using a programmatic method that provides access using the command line. Finally, we show how to merge separate sources of metadata into a comprehensive file that contains factors and covariates necessary in downstream analyses. © 2020 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Find and download files associated with a selected studyBasic Protocol 2: Download files in bulk using the command line clientBasic Protocol 3: Working with file annotations and metadata
Preparation of Mammalian Nascent RNA for Long Read Sequencing
Authors: Reimer Kirsten A. , Neugebauer Karla M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLong read sequencing technologies now allow high‐quality sequencing of RNAs (or their cDNAs) that are hundreds to thousands of nucleotides long. Long read sequences of nascent RNA provide single‐nucleotide‐resolution information about co‐transcriptional RNA processing events—e.g., splicing, folding, and base modifications. Here, we describe how to isolate nascent RNA from mammalian cells through subcellular fractionation of chromatin‐associated RNA, as well as how to deplete poly(A)+ RNA and rRNA, and, finally, how to generate a full‐length cDNA library for use on long read sequencing platforms. This approach allows for an understanding of coordinated splicing status across multi‐intron transcripts by revealing patterns of splicing or other RNA processing events that cannot be gained from traditional short read RNA sequencing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Subcellular fractionationBasic Protocol 2: Nascent RNA isolation and adapter ligationBasic Protocol 3: cDNA amplicon preparation
Improved Redox Reaction of Lithium Polysulfides on the Interfacial Boundary of Polar CoC2O4 as a Polysulfide Catenator for a High‐Capacity Lithium‐Sulfur Battery
Authors: Kim Jin Won , Seo Gyuwon , Bong Sungyool , Lee Jaeyoung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe performance of cobalt oxalate as an electrocatalyst in a lithium‐sulfur battery (LSB) is improved owing to the suitable adsorbent properties of sulfur. The adsorption mechanism is elucidated by UV/Vis spectroscopy and surface analysis through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Li2S6 is converted into thiosulfate and polythionate by a catenation reaction on the interfacial boundary of CoC2O4 contacted with carbon. Following this, the active polythionate and short‐chained liquid lithium polysulfides (LiPS) bound to the cobalt surface are further reduced as CoC2O4 reduces the overpotential to facilitate the LiPS redox reaction, leading to high specific capacity, lower self‐discharge rate, and stable long‐term cycling performance.
Effect of Binding Affinity of Crystal Water on the Electrochemical Performance of Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Lee Hyeon Jeong , Lee Ji Hoon , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ever‐increasing demand for safe batteries has driven research efforts to develop aqueous rechargeable batteries. In this regard, Ni‐based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have received marked attention owing to their adequate operating potential, high specific capacity, and decent cycling performance. Nevertheless, the effect of immobile intercalants (e. g., crystal water and anions) that are inherently present in the interlayer galleries is barely understood. In this paper, we report that the electrochemical performance of LDH largely depends on the extent to which the crystallinity is affected by the binding strength of crystal water to the transition metal slabs. A series of infrared spectroscopy and in‐situ X‐ray absorption analyses reveal that the lattice disordering in LDHs is beneficial for accommodating the stress during the (de)intercalation of carrier ions, which serves as the origin of their superior specific capacities and cycle life. This study presents a useful structure‐property relationship of the way in which the binding affinity of crystal water affects the key electrochemical properties of the host electrode materials.
Energy efficient hotspot problem mitigation techniques using multiple mobile sink in heterogeneous wireless sensor network
Authors: Gupta Preeti , Tripathi Sachin , Singh Samayveer 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are application‐oriented and mainly used in the following fields, such as battleground surveillance, border security, and disaster management. The sensor nodes should be extra reliable, and also, high consistency is needed to perform these tasks. Therefore, heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs) are introduced to enhance the network lifetime and stability period by minimizing the node's communicative distance from mobile sinks (MSs). The maximum amount of energy is consumed while communicating the data from nodes to a single sink. In this work, multiple mobile sinks (MMSs) are used to transfer the data from nodes to sink with less energy consumption and a reduced number of hops. Also, higher connectivity is ensured as the sinks are placed close to the nodes, and data can be successfully delivered to sinks. This work reveals the importance of multiple MSs in HWSNs. The use of MMSs and cluster‐based routing approaches improves the efficiency of data collection in HWSNs. K‐medoid with adaptive sunflower optimization algorithm is used for the selection of cluster head (CH). To achieve energy efficiency (EE), detecting an optimal route for MS is a critical task. Then, the hybrid Harris Hawk and ant colony optimization (HANT) algorithm‐based sink moving strategy is used for finding an optimal traversal path. The proposed heterogeneous network is implemented in the network simulator (version 2) (NS2) platform. Simulation results show enhancement in EE in terms of network lifetime, stability period, several dead and alive nodes, and network's remaining energy.
A combination of quinidine/mexiletine reduces arrhythmia in dilated cardiomyopathy in two patients with R814W SCN5A mutation
Authors: Zakrzewska‐Koperska Joanna , Bilińska Zofia T. , Truszkowska Grażyna T. , Franaszczyk Maria , Elikowski Waldemar , Warmiński Grzegorz , Kalin Katarzyna , Urbanek Piotr , Bodalski Robert , Orczykowski Michał , Szumowski Łukasz , Płoski Rafał , Bilińska Maria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSCN5A gene mutations are described in 2% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and different rhythm disturbances, including multifocal ectopic Purkinje‐related premature contractions. Recent data indicate that sodium channel blockers are particularly effective monotherapy in carriers of the R222Q SCN5A variant. Our purpose is to describe the effectiveness of antiarrhythmic treatment in a family with genetically determined arrhythmogenic DCM associated with the R814W variant in the SCN5A gene. We examined a family with arrhythmogenic DCM (multifocal ectopic Purkinje‐related premature contractions phenotype, atrial tachyarrhythmias, automatism, and conduction disorders) and described antiarrhythmic treatment efficacy in heart failure symptoms reduction and myocardial function improvement. We found a heterozygotic mutation R814W in SCN5A by whole exome sequencing in the proband and confirmed its presence in all affected subjects. There were two sudden cardiac deaths and one heart transplantation among first‐degree relatives. The 58‐year‐old father and his 37‐year‐old daughter had full spectrum of symptoms associated with R814W SCN5A mutation. Both had implanted cardioverter defibrillator. In the father, adding mexiletine to quinidine therapy reduced ventricular arrhythmia (50–60% → 6–8% of whole rhythm) and reverted long‐standing atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. In the daughter, mexiletine and overdrive pacing were effective in ventricular arrhythmia reduction (25% → 0.01%). Because of a growing number of atrial fibrillation recurrences, a reduced dose of quinidine (subsequently flecainide) was added, resulting in arrhythmia significant reduction. In both cases, antiarrhythmic effectiveness correlated with clinical improvement. In SCN5A R814W‐associated DCM, a combination of Class I antiarrhythmics and overdrive pacing is an effective treatment of severe ventricular and atrial arrhythmias.
Seroprevalence of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in COVID‐19 patients and healthy volunteers up to 6 months post disease onset
Authors: Figueiredo‐Campos Patrícia , Blankenhaus Birte , Mota Catarina , Gomes Andreia , Serrano Marta , Ariotti Silvia , Costa Catarina , Nunes‐Cabaço Helena , Mendes António M. , Gaspar Pedro , Pereira‐Santos M. Conceição , Rodrigues Fabiana , Condeço Jorge , Escoval M. Antonia , Santos Matilde , Ramirez Mario , Melo‐Cristino José , Simas J. Pedro , Vasconcelos Eugenia , Afonso Ângela , Veldhoen Marc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 has emerged as a human pathogen, causing clinical signs, from fever to pneumonia—COVID‐19—but may remain mild or asymptomatic. To understand the continuing spread of the virus, to detect those who are and were infected, and to follow the immune response longitudinally, reliable and robust assays for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection and immunological monitoring are needed. We quantified IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies recognizing the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor‐binding domain (RBD) or the Spike (S) protein over a period of 6 months following COVID‐19 onset. We report the detailed setup to monitor the humoral immune response from over 300 COVID‐19 hospital patients and healthcare workers, 2500 University staff, and 198 post‐COVID‐19 volunteers. Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody responses follow a classic pattern with a rapid increase within the first three weeks after symptoms. Although titres reduce subsequently, the ability to detect anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies remained robust with confirmed neutralization activity for up to 6 months in a large proportion of previously virus‐positive screened subjects. Our work provides detailed information for the assays used, facilitating further and longitudinal analysis of protective immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2. Importantly, it highlights a continued level of circulating neutralising antibodies in most people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2.
Protein dielectrophoresis: Key dielectric parameters and evolving theory
Authors: Hölzel Ralph , Pethig Ronald 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlobular proteins exhibit dielectrophoresis (DEP) responses in experiments where the applied field gradient factor ∇E2 appears far too small, according to standard DEP theory, to overcome dispersive forces associated with the thermal energy kT of disorder. To address this a DEP force equation is proposed that replaces a previous empirical relationship between the macroscopic and microscopic forms of the Clausius–Mossotti factor. This equation relates the DEP response of a protein directly to the dielectric increment δε+ and decrement δε− that characterize its β‐dispersion at radio frequencies, and also indirectly to its intrinsic dipole moment by way of providing a measure of the protein's effective volume. A parameter Γpw, taken as a measure of cross‐correlated dipole interactions between the protein and its water molecules of hydration, is included in this equation. For 9 of the 12 proteins, for which an evaluation can presently be made, Γpw has a value of ≈4600 ± 120. These conclusions follow an analysis of the failure of macroscopic dielectric mixture (effective medium) theories to predict the dielectric properties of solvated proteins. The implication of a polarizability greatly exceeding the intrinsic value for a protein might reflect the formation of relaxor ferroelectric nanodomains in its hydration shell.
Cell-Based Bioassay to Screen Environmental Chemicals and Human Serum for Total Glucocorticogenic Activity
Authors: de la Rosa Rosemarie , Vazquez Sergio , Tachachartvanich Phum , Daniels Sarah I. , Sillé Fenna , Smith Martyn T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that have systemic effects that are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor. Environmental chemicals that disrupt glucocorticoid receptor signaling and/or glucocorticoid homeostasis could adversely affect the health of human and nonhuman vertebrates. A major challenge in identifying environmental chemicals that alter glucocorticoid receptor signaling and/or glucocorticoid homeostasis is a lack of adequate screening methods. We developed a cell-based bioassay to measure total glucocorticogenic activity (TGA) of environmental chemicals and human serum. Human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were stably transfected with a luciferase reporter gene driven by 3 tandem glucocorticoid-response elements. Dose–response curves for 6 glucocorticoids and 4 non-glucocorticoid steroid hormones were generated to evaluate the specificity of the bioassay. Cells were also optimized to measure TGA of 176 structurally diverse environmental chemicals and human serum samples in a high-throughput format. Reporter activity was glucocorticoid-specific and induced 400-fold by 1 μM dexamethasone. Furthermore, 3 of the screened chemicals (3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide, isopropyl-N-phenylcarbamate, and benzothiazole derivative 2-[4-chlorophenyl]-benzothiazole) potentiated cortisol-induced glucocorticoid receptor activity. Serum TGA estimates from the bioassay were highly correlated with a cortisol enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The present study establishes an in vitro method to rapidly screen environmental chemicals and human serum for altered glucocorticogenic activity. Future studies can utilize this tool to quantify the joint effect of endogenous glucocorticoids and environmental chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:177–186. © 2020 SETAC
Developmental pattern of the cortical topology in high‐functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Zheng Weihao , Zhao Zhiyong , Zhang Zhe , Liu Tingting , Zhang Yi , Fan Jin , Wu Dan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA number of studies have indicated alterations of brain morphology in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, how ASD influences the topological organization of the brain cortex at different developmental stages is not yet well characterized. In this study, we used structural images of 492 high‐functioning participants in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database acquired from 17 international imaging centers, including 75 autistic children (age 7–11 years), 91 adolescents with ASD (age 12–17 years), and 80 young adults with ASD (age 18–29 years), and 246 typically developing controls (TDCs) that were age, gender, handedness, and full‐scale IQ matched. Cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) were extracted and the covariance between cortical regions across participants were treated as a network to examine developmental patterns of the cortical topological organization at different stages. A center‐paired resampling strategy was developed to control the center bias during the permutation test. Compared with the TDCs, network of SA (but not CT) of individuals with ASD showed reduced small‐worldness in childhood, and the network hubs were reorganized in the adulthood such that hubs inclined to connect with nonhub nodes and demonstrated more dispersed spatial distribution. Furthermore, the SA network of the ASD cohort exhibited increased segregation of the inferior parietal lobule and prefrontal cortex, and insular‐opercular cortex in all three age groups, resulting in the emergence of two unique modules in the autistic brain. Our findings suggested that individuals with ASD may undergo remarkable remodeling of the cortical topology from childhood to adulthood, which may be associated with the altered social and cognitive functions in ASD.
Calretinin and calbindin architecture of the midline thalamus associated with prefrontal–hippocampal circuitry
Authors: Viena Tatiana D. , Rasch Gabriela E. , Silva Daniela , Allen Timothy A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe midline thalamus bidirectionally connects the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HC) creating a unique cortico‐thalamo‐cortical circuit fundamental to memory and executive function. While the anatomical connectivity of midline thalamus has been thoroughly investigated, little is known about its cellular organization within each nucleus. Here we used immunohistological techniques to examine cellular distributions in the midline thalamus based on the calcium binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), and calbindin (CB). We also examined these calcium binding proteins in a population of reuniens cells known to project to both mPFC and HC using a dual fluorescence retrograde adenoassociated virus‐based tracing approach. These dual reuniens mPFC‐HC projecting cells, in particular, are thought to be important for synchronizing mPFC and HC activity. First, we confirmed the absence of PV+ neurons in the midline thalamus. Second, we found a common pattern of CR+ and CB+ cells throughout midline thalamus with CR+ cells running along the nearby third ventricle (3V) and penetrating the midline. CB+ cells were consistently more lateral and toward the middle of the dorsal‐ventral extent of the midline thalamus. Notably, single‐labeled CR+ and CB+ zones were partially overlapping and included dual‐labeled CR+/CB+ cells. Within RE, we also observed a CR and CB subzone specific diversity. Interestingly, dual mPFC‐HC projecting neurons in RE expressed none of the calcium binding proteins examined, but were contained in nests of CR+ and CB+ cells. Overall, the midline thalamus was well organized into CR+ and CB+ rich zones distributed throughout the region, with dual mPFC‐HC projecting cells in reuniens representing a unique cell population. These results provide a cytoarchitectural organization in the midline thalamus based on calcium binding protein expression, and set the stage for future cell‐type specific interrogations of the functional role of these different cell populations in mPFC‐HC interactions.
Tracking the Biological Incorporation of Exogenous Molecules into Cellulose Fibers with Non‐Radioactive Iodinated Glucose
Authors: Natalio Filipe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSemi‐synthetic biological fabrication explores biological systems and their biosynthetic pathways as inspiration for designing precursor analogs that can be metabolized in a similar manner as the natural substrates by organisms to yield new materials with tailored properties. Here we report the biological incorporation of a metabolizing iodinated glucose analog (2‐Deoxy‐2‐iodo‐D‐glucose, DIG) into Gossypium hirsutum cotton fibers in an ovule in‐vitro model. Structural modifications occur at the level of crystallite arrangement and compaction, with amorphization of the fibers and alteration of the H‐bond network between the cellulose nanofibrils. We further show that DIG can serve as a non‐radioactive micro computed tomography contrast agent (μCT). The fibers act as glucose sinks that accumulate DIG, enabling its detection by μCT. Quantitative analysis shows that the fibers are more oriented when incubated with DIG. This work demonstrates the advantages of using higher organisms for biological in‐situ transformation of economically important raw materials over conventional chemical surface modification processes, thereby providing a scientific foundation for implementing future alternatives and sustainable manufacturing strategies towards a bio‐based economy.
Financial cycles around the world
Authors: Adarov Amat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe recent global financial crisis has highlighted the importance of better understanding inherent instability in financial markets invoking recurrent boom‐bust cycles and leading to devastating macroeconomic effects. We use dynamic factor models and state‐space techniques to extract financial cycles for a global sample of 34 advanced and developing countries over the period 1960Q1–2015Q4 as a common factor using a large number of variables conveying price, quantity and risk dynamics in credit, housing, bond and equity markets. In addition to the four segment‐specific and aggregate national financial cycles estimated for each country, we also derive regional and global financial cycles. The analysis reveals highly persistent and recurring nature of financial cycles, which tend to fluctuate at frequencies lower than business cycles, 9–15 years on average, and are indicative of major financial distress episodes. The results point at notable intra‐regional synchronization between financial cycles and confirm the existence of a global financial cycle closely associated with the dynamics of the US T‐Bill rate and the VIX index.
Institutions and trade‐related inequality
Authors: Hartwell Christopher 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTrade liberalization is famously known for both creating winners and losers via processes of dislocation, sectoral reallocation, and specialization. This paper studies the conditions under which excess “losers” are generated during the process of liberalization with a focus on the role of institutions in economic transition. I contend that poor institutions, in particular property rights and democracy, can create unnecessary hardship in the transition to greater openness, generating a much higher burden on compensatory policies and making it more difficult to sustain open trade policies. Using a new dataset of trade openness, economic inequality, and institutions, and using 3SLS estimation to account for endogeneity, the analysis finds that this is indeed the case: high property rights and more democracy appear to help to mitigate trade‐related inequality. Moreover, poor institutions create a downward spiral, with greater inequality leading to lower trade openness. These results imply that basic institutions can help to minimize losses sparked by globalization, while other well‐meaning policies can actually increase disruptions.