bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Usability and Acceptability of Videoconferencing for Delivering Community-Based Rehabilitation to Individuals with Acquired Brain Injury: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Ownsworth Tamara , Theodoros Deborah , Cahill Louise , Vaezipour Atiyeh , Quinn Ray , Kendall Melissa , Moyle Wendy , Lucas Karen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectives:There is limited research on the use of telerehabilitation platforms in service delivery for people with acquired brain injury (ABI), especially technologies that support delivery of services into the home. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of rehabilitation coordinators, individuals with ABI, and family caregivers on the usability and acceptability of videoconferencing (VC) in community-based rehabilitation. Participants’ experiences and perceptions of telerehabilitation and their impressions of a particular VC system were investigated.Methods:Guided by a theory on technology acceptance, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 participants from a community-based ABI service, including 13 multidisciplinary rehabilitation coordinators, 9 individuals with ABI, and 8 family caregivers. During the interview, they were shown a paper prototype of a telehealth portal for VC that was available for use. Interview transcripts were coded by two researchers and analysed thematically.Results:The VC was used on average for 2% of client consultations. Four major themes depicted factors influencing the uptake of VC platforms; namely, the context or impetus for use, perceived benefits, potential problems and parameters around use, and balancing the service and user needs. Participants identified beneficial uses of VC in service delivery and strategies for promoting a positive user experience.Conclusions:Perceptions of the usability of VC to provide services in the home were largely positive; however, consideration of use on a case-by-case basis and a trial implementation was recommended to enhance successful uptake into service delivery.
Psychoeducational Interventions for Problematic Anger in Chronic Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Study of Treatment Enactment
Authors: Hart Tessa , Vaccaro Monica J. , Fann Jesse R. , Maiuro Roland D. , Neuberger Shira , Sinfield Steven 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectives:Treatment enactment, a final stage of treatment implementation, refers to patients’ application of skills and concepts from treatment sessions into everyday life situations. We examined treatment enactment in a two-arm, multicenter trial comparing two psychoeducational treatments for persons with chronic moderate to severe traumatic brain injury and problematic anger.Methods:Seventy-one of 90 participants from the parent trial underwent a telephone enactment interview at least 2 months (median 97 days, range 64–586 days) after cessation of treatment. Enactment, quantified as average frequency of use across seven core treatment components, was compared across treatment arms: anger self-management training (ASMT) and personal readjustment and education (PRE), a structurally equivalent control. Components were also rated for helpfulness when used. Predictors of, and barriers to, enactment were explored.Results:More than 80% of participants reported remembering all seven treatment components when queried using a recognition format. Enactment was equivalent across treatments. Most used/most helpful components concerned normalizing anger and general anger management strategies (ASMT), and normalizing traumatic brain injury-related changes while providing hope for improvement (PRE). Higher baseline executive function and IQ were predictive of better enactment, as well as better episodic memory (trend). Poor memory was cited by many participants as a barrier to enactment, as was the reaction of other people to attempted use of strategies.Conclusions:Treatment enactment is a neglected component of implementation in neuropsychological clinical trials, but is important both to measure and to help participants achieve sustained carryover of core treatment ingredients and learned material to everyday life.
An Exploration of the Impact of Group Treatment for Aphasia on Connected Speech
Authors: Mason Catherine , Nickels Lyndsey , McDonald Belinda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:Group treatment enables people with aphasia to practise communication skills outside the typical clinician–patient dyad. While there is evidence that this treatment format can improve participation in everyday communication, there is little evidence it impacts linguistic abilities. This project aimed to investigate the effects of ‘typical’ group treatment on the communication skills of people with aphasia with a focus on word retrieval in discourse.Methods:Three people with aphasia took part in a 6-week group therapy programme. Each week focused on a different topic, and three topics also received a home programme targeting word retrieval. The six treated topics were compared with two control topics, with regard to language production in connected speech. Semistructured interviews were collected twice prior to treatment and twice following the treatment and analysed using (a) word counts; (b) the profile of word errors and retrieval in speech; (c) a measure of propositional idea density, and (d) perceptual discourse ratings.Results:Two participants showed no significant improvements; one participant showed significant improvement on discourse ratings.Conclusions:This study provides limited support for group treatment, leading to improved communication as measured by semistructured interviews, even when supplemented with a home programme. We suggest that either group treatment, as implemented here, was not an effective approach for improving communication for our participants and/or that outcome measurement was limited by difficulty assessing changes in connected speech.
Impact of Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Speech-language Therapy on Spontaneous Speech in Aphasia: A Randomized Controlled Double-blind Study
Authors: Guillouët Elodie , Cogné Mélanie , Saverot Elisabeth , Roche Nicolas , Pradat-Diehl Pascale , Weill-Chounlamountry Agnès , Ramel Vanessa , Taratte Catherine , Lachasse Anne-Gaëlle , Haulot Jean-Arthur , Vaugier Isabelle , Barbot Frédéric , Azouvi Philippe , Charveriat Sophie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:Aphasia recovery depends on neural reorganization, which can be enhanced by speech-language therapy and noninvasive brain stimulation. Several studies suggested that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) associated with speech-language therapy may improve verbal performance evaluated by analytic tests, but none focused on spontaneous speech. We explored the effect of bihemispheric tDCS on spontaneous speech in patients with poststroke aphasia.Methods:In this multicentric controlled randomized cross-over double-blind study, we included 10 patients with poststroke aphasia (4 had aphasia >6 months and 6 with aphasia <6 months). We combined the sessions of speech-language therapy and bihemispheric tDCS (2 mA, 20 min). After three baseline speech evaluations (1/week), two different conditions were randomly consecutively proposed: active and sham tDCS over 3 weeks with 1 week of washout in between. The main outcome measure was the number of different nouns used in 2 min to answer the question “what is your job.”Results:There was no significant difference between conditions concerning the main outcome measure (p = .47) nor in the number of verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, repetitions, blank ideas, ideas, utterances with grammatical errors or paraphasias used. Other cognitive functions (verbal working memory, neglect, or verbal fluency) were not significantly improved in the tDCS group. No adverse events occurred.Conclusion:Our results differed from previous studies using tDCS to improve naming in patients with poststroke aphasia possibly due to bihemispheric stimulation, rarely used previously. The duration of the rehabilitation period was short given the linguistic complexity of the measure. This negative result should be confirmed by larger studies with ecological measures.
Simulation study of proton arc therapy with the compact single-room MEVION-S250 proton therapy system
Authors: Ferguson Sven , Ahmad Salahuddin , Ali Imad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAim:The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of proton arc therapy (PAT) using the double-scattering MEVION-S250 proton system. The treatment planning and dose delivery parameters from PAT were compared with conventional treatment planning techniques.Materials and methods:PAT was simulated with multiple conformal and fixed-aperture beams (5–15) using the MEVION-S250-double-scattering proton system. Conformal apertures were simulated with the Eclipse-treatment-planning system: (a) using a static single aperture that provides the best average conformal circular or rectangular apertures to cover the tumour from different angular views (SPAT), and (b) dynamic conformal apertures of the tumour shape at each irradiation angle that can be obtained from a multi-leaf-collimator system (DPAT).Results:The DPAT and SPAT plans provided superior dose coverage and sparing of normal tissues in comparison with conventional plans (CPT). The entrance normal tissue and skin doses (<40%) were lowered significantly by delivering dose from different directions over a wider angular view compared to conventional plans that have large entrance dose from only two fields. While the mean and minimum doses from PAT and CPT were comparable, the maximum doses from arc plans were lower than the maximum doses in conventional plans. The SPAT and DPAT plans had comparable dose parameters for regularly shaped targets. The heterogeneity index (HI) was superior in PAT plans which improved with increasing number of beams in arc plans for the different treatment sites. The conformality index (CI) depends on the treatment site and complexity of the shape of the planning target volume where for brain, pancreatic and lung tumours, PAT plans conformality was comparable and sometimes superior to CPT; and HI and CI were generally better in DPAT compared to SPAT.Conclusions:PAT plans have superior dose coverage and sparing of normal tissues compared to CPT plans using the MEVION double-scattering system as shown in this simulation study. Ideally, conformal proton arcs require beam shaping and dose delivery with the gantry moving; however, the MEVION double-scattering system lacks a multi-leaf collimator system and cannot deliver dose during gantry rotation. The single aperture conformal proton therapy technique is more time and cost effective compared with conventional techniques that are used currently with the MEVION proton therapy system because of the elimination of the need for patient-specific compensators. In present study, PAT was simulated with the MEVION double-scattering proton therapy system; however, it can be performed also with other proton therapy systems.
Exploring Creativity in Traditional Music
Authors: YUNG BELL 
Published: January 2020

The term “traditional music” is widely used in musicological discourse as well as in everyday conversations, and is, indeed, in the name of our organisation: the International Council for Traditional Music.1It was also used in the titles of classic studies of Asian music by our elders, such as Yi Hye-gu (1981), Kishibe Shigeo (1969), William Malm (1959), A. C. Scott (1967, 1969, 1975), David Morton (1976), Judith Becker (1980), Terry Miller (1985), and others, and in the titles of many journal articles. In short, the term is at the core of the discipline of ethnomusicology and for this organisation.
Aerosol Impacts on Mesoscale Convective Systems Forming Under Different Vertical Wind Shear Conditions
Authors: Chen Qian , Fan Jiwen , Yin Yan , Han Bin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFollowing our previous study of wind shear effect on mesoscale convective system (MCS) organization under a clean atmospheric condition using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with spectral‐bin microphysics, we conduct sensitivity simulations by increasing cloud condensation nuclei concentration to investigate aerosol impacts on MCSs forming under different wind shear conditions. We find that increased aerosols induce stronger updrafts and downdrafts in all MCSs. The stronger updrafts and enlarged convective core area contribute to larger vertical mass fluxes and enhance precipitation. The enhanced updrafts and vertical mass fluxes indicate convective invigoration. Increased updraft speed below 8‐km altitude is attributed to enhanced condensational heating, except for the weak wind shear and strong low‐level shear cases in which the enhanced low‐level convergence is another contributing factor. Interestingly, above 8‐km altitude, we see reduced updraft speed by the increased aerosols due to reduced vertical pressure perturbation gradient force. The accumulated rainfall and mean rain rate are increased with a greater occurrence frequency of heavy rain. Larger rain rate is seen in both convective and stratiform regions. In general, we see a higher frequency of deep clouds in the polluted condition because of invigorated convection, and more stratiform/anvil clouds, but a lower frequency of shallow warm clouds, with a larger significance for more organized MCSs. The consistently invigorated MCSs by aerosols under various wind shear conditions revealed by this study have important implications to weather and climate in warm and humid regions that are influenced by pollution.
Citizen Scientists Discover a New Auroral Form: Dunes Provide Insight Into the Upper Atmosphere
Authors: Palmroth M. , Grandin M. , Helin M. , Koski P. , Oksanen A. , Glad M. A. , Valonen R. , Saari K. , Bruus E. , Norberg J. , Viljanen A. , Kauristie K. , Verronen P. T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAuroral forms are like fingerprints linking optical features to physical phenomena in the near‐Earth space. While discovering new forms is rare, recently, scientists reported of citizens' observations of STEVE, a pinkish optical manifestation of subauroral ionospheric drifts that were not thought to be visible to the naked eye. Here, we present a new auroral form named “the dunes”. On 7 October 2018, citizen observers took multiple digital photographs of the same dunes simultaneously from different locations in Finland and Sweden. We develop a triangulation method to analyze the photographs and conclude that the dunes are a monochromatic wave field with a wavelength of about 45 km within a thin layer at 100 km altitude. Supporting data suggest that the dunes manifest atmospheric waves, possibly mesospheric bores, which are rarely detected, and have not previously been observed via diffuse aurora nor at auroral latitudes and altitudes. The dunes present a new opportunity to investigate the coupling of the lower/middle atmosphere to the thermosphere and ionosphere. Our paper adds to the growing body of work that illustrates the value of citizen scientist images in carrying out quantitative analysis of optical phenomena, especially at small scales at subauroral latitudes. Further, the dune project presents means to create general interest toward physics, emphasizing that citizens can take part in scientific work by helping to uncover new phenomena.
A Flood Damage Allowance Framework for Coastal Protection With Deep Uncertainty in Sea Level Rise
Authors: Rasmussen D. J. , Buchanan Maya K. , Kopp Robert E. , Oppenheimer Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeep uncertainty describes situations when there is either ignorance or disagreement over (1) models used to describe key system processes and (2) probability distributions used to characterize the uncertainty of key variables and parameters. Future projections of Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) mass loss remain characterized by deep uncertainty. This complicates decisions on long‐lived coastal protection projects when determining what margin of safety to implement. If the chosen margin of safety does not properly account for uncertainties in sea level rise, the effectiveness of flood protection could decrease over time, potentially putting lives and properties at a greater risk. To address this issue, we develop a flood damage allowance framework for calculating the height of a flood protection strategy needed to ensure that a given level of financial risk is maintained. The damage allowance framework considers decision maker preferences such as planning horizons, protection strategies, and subjective views of AIS stability. We use Manhattan—with the population and built environment fixed in time—to illustrate how our framework could be used to calculate a range of damage allowances based on multiple plausible scenarios of AIS melt. Under high greenhouse gas emissions, we find that results are sensitive to the selection of the upper limit of AIS contributions to sea level rise. Design metrics that specify financial risk targets, such as expected flood damage, allow for the calculation of avoided flood damages (i.e., benefits) that can be combined with estimates of construction cost and then integrated into existing financial decision‐making approaches (e.g., benefit‐cost analysis).
Observations of Laboratory and Natural Slow Slip Events: Hikurangi Subduction Zone, New Zealand
Authors: Ikari Matt J. , Wallace Laura M. , Rabinowitz Hannah S. , Savage Heather M. , Hamling Ian J. , Kopf Achim J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSlow slip events (SSEs) are recognized as an important component of plate boundary fault slip, and there is a need for laboratory friction data on natural samples to guide comparisons with natural SSEs. Here, we compile a comprehensive catalog of SSEs observed geodetically at the Hikurangi subduction zone offshore northern New Zealand, and compare it with results of laboratory friction experiments that produce laboratory SSEs under plate tectonic driving rates (5 cm/yr). We use samples from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1124 seaward of the Hikurangi subduction zone to represent the plate boundary that hosts shallow SSEs at Hikurangi. We find that laboratory SSEs exhibit a similar displacement record and range of stress drops as the natural SSEs. Results of velocity step tests, which can be used to evaluate frictional instability based on the critical stiffness criterion, indicate that the slow slip activity at Hikurangi is a form of stably‐accelerating slip. Our laboratory SSEs provide an alternative method of quantifying (in)stability by direct measurement of the unloading stiffness during the stress drop. The observed dependence of laboratory SSE parameters on effective normal stress is consistent with critical stiffness theory; however, depth‐increasing projections based on laboratory data do not match observations from natural SSEs. These differences are likely related to changing temperature and fault rock composition downdip but also complications related to scaling and/or limited sampling. Scientific drilling recently undertaken at the Hikurangi subduction zone should serve to improve and guide future studies of the role of frictional properties for the occurrence of SSEs.
VLF Transmitters and Lightning‐Generated Whistlers: 1. Modeling Waves From Source to Space
Authors: Starks M. J. , Albert J. M. , Ling A. G. , O'Malley S. , Quinn R. A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWaves from nine major ground‐based very low frequency (VLF) transmitters are modeled from their sources to 660 km altitude with a full‐wave code, which reliably treats transionospheric attenuation, and then ray‐and‐power traced throughout the plasmasphere. Lightning‐generated whistlers, previously modeled at 660 km altitude, are ray‐and‐power traced throughout the plasmasphere as well. The resulting profiles of electric and magnetic fields, including wave normal angles, are organized by
value. Two versions of a realistic plasmaspheric density model are used, and ducted as well as nonducted propagation are treated. Results are compared to empirical models based on near‐equatorial measurements by Van Allen Probes. A companion paper will evaluate resonant interactions of these waves with radiation belt electrons.
VLF Transmitters and Lightning‐Generated Whistlers: 2. Diffusion of Radiation Belt Electrons
Authors: Albert J. M. , Starks M. J. , Selesnick R. S. , Ling A. G. , O'Malley S. , Quinn R. A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn a companion paper, new models of waves from ground‐based very low frequency transmitters and from lightning were presented. Ray‐and‐power tracing provided wave amplitudes as well as trajectories and wave normal angles throughout the plasmasphere. Here, these are used to evaluate diffusion of radiation belt electrons. These are combined with recent models of hiss and Coulomb collisions to find lifetimes and particle distributions. Butterfly pitch angle distributions and near‐megaelectron volt electrons are produced, confirming the role of energy diffusion. Coulomb energy drag, while often omitted, is also found to be important and should not be neglected.
The Properties and Origins of Corotating Plasmaspheric Irregularities as Revealed Through a New Tomographic Technique
Authors: Helmboldt J. F. , Haiducek J. D. , Clarke T. E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper describes insights into the nature of corotating plasmaspheric irregularities (CPIs) enabled by a newly developed method for range‐ and time‐resolved tomographic images of these structures. The method is based on high‐precision measurements of total electron content gradients measure toward cosmic radio sources using an interferometric radio telescope, the Very Large Array (VLA). Exploiting hundreds of hours of data from the VLA Low‐band Ionosphere and Transient Experiment, we confirm that CPIs are predominantly detected at night and at
shells
2–4. Combining this large data set with other ionospheric, atmospheric, and space weather databases, we have established that CPI detection rates are much higher when levels of solar and geomagnetic activity are low. We also demonstrate that higher detection rates coincide with drivers of perturbations in the ionospheric electric field, including sporadic E and gravity waves. The gravity wave sources most commonly associated with CPIs are jet stream bend/shear and substorm‐triggered atmospheric disturbances. We also show that simulations of the plasmaspheric impact of both gravity wave‐driven electric field perturbations and polarization electric fields associated with electrobuoyancy waves/sporadic E produce results that are very similar to what is observed with the VLA.