bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of surface diffusion of carbon- and nitrogen-containing molecules during homoepitaxial growth of 4H-SiC (0001) under silicon-rich conditions
Authors: Mochizuki Kazuhiro , Mishima Tomoyoshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Reported experimental results on homoepitaxial 4H-SiC grown by chemical vapor deposition on 1°- and 4°-off (0001) surfaces under silicon-rich conditions in a SiH4−C3H8−N2−H2 system are quantitatively analyzed according to surface diffusion theory dealing with step dynamics. The surface-diffusion lengths of carbon- and nitrogen-containing molecules are, respectively, estimated to be λ
C = 25 nm and λ
N ≥ λ
C at 1773 K. This magnitude relationship agrees with the reported assumption made for the variation in nitrogen concentration on (000

1
–

) facets of 4H-SiC grown by physical vapor transport.
PEMBELAJARAN BERBANTUAN PERMAINAN FORMULA 1 (RUN, JUMP, THROW) DALAM AKTIVITAS GERAK LOKOMOTOR DAN TINGKAT KEBUGARAN JASMANI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR PADA MATA PELAJARAN PJOK
Authors: Heldie Bramantha  , Dodik Eko Yulianto  
Published: December 2020

Penelitian dan pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan pengembangan model permainan formula 1 (Run, Jump, Throw), untuk mengetahui kemenarikan respon siswa terhadap pengembangan model permainan formula 1 (Run, Jump, Throw). Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode Research & Development (R&D) dengan menggunakan prosedur pengembangan Borg & Gall. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar angket validasi. Isntrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar angket validasi untuk mengetahui kelayakan model permainan formula 1 (Run, Jump, Throw) dan angket respon siswa untuk mengetahui kemenarikan siswa terhadap model permainan formula 1(Run, Jump, Throw).Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian pengembangan ini adalah menggunakan teknik deskriptif berbentuk persentase. Berdasarkan hasil validasi terhadap pengembangan model permainan formula 1 diperoleh skor rata-rata kelayakan pengembangan model permainan formula 1 hasil validasi dari ahli penjas 1 diperoleh rata-rata4,2, pada ahli penjas 2 diperoleh rata-rata 4,3, dan pada ahli pembelajaran diperoleh rata-rata 4,4. Dapat disimpulkan hasil validasi adalah termasuk dalam kriteria layak digunakan. Kemenarikan pengembangan model pembelajaran permainan formula 1(Run, Jump, Throw) diperoleh rata-rata pada uji coba skala kecil diperoleh prosentase 89,75%, sedangkan pada uji coba skala besar diperoleh prosentasi 91%. Dari hasil tersebut model permainan formula 1(Run, Jump, Throw) termasuk dalam kriteria “sangat menarik”.
Wheat Varietal Investigation for the Hill Region of Nepal
Authors: Pandey Deepak , Gautam Nutan Raj , Pant Khem Raj , Thapa Dhruba Bahadur 
Published: December 2020

Multilocation testing of the Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) of wheat genotypes were conducted at different hill research stations of Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) during the normal planting season of 2012/13 and 2013/14. Twenty genotypes including two check varieties were included in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with three replications in the experiment. Data on the different yield attributing traits were recorded. Highly significant difference (p<0.01) among the genotypes for the days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, thousand grain weight and grain yield was observed in 2012/13. Wheat genotype BL 4061 had the highest grain yield with 3802 kg/ha followed by NL 1153 (3736 kg/ha), NL 1159 (3733 kg/ha), NL 1154 (3674 kg/ha) and NL 1156 (3462 kg/ha). In 2013/14 also a highly significant difference among the tested genotypes for all the recorded traits was observed and these genotypes were stable for the yield and yield attributing traits. The most promising genotypes for the grain yield was NL 1153 (5816 kg/ha) followed by NL 1178 (5760 kg/ha), NL 1156 (5454 kg/ha), NL 1159 (5259 kg/ha) and NL 1179 (5075 kg/ha). From the yield and other yield attributing trait wheat genotypes NL 1055, NL 1153, NL 1159, NL 1156 and NL 1179 need to be tested under farmers’ field for further confirmation and release as variety.
Analisis Kinerja Kebijakan Manajemen Keuangan Perusahaan Jangka Pendek
Authors: Mara Tuah Ranjas , Sipahutar Mangasa Augustinus 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan laporan keuangan perusahaan selama lima tahun yaitu periode 2014-2018 dari perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang sektor migas. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis resiko rasio keuangan.
Dengan menggunakan analisis rasio keuangan,maka dapat diketahui bahwa kinerja keuangan perusahaan yang termasuk sebagai faktor fundamental menjadi salah satu determinan yang mempengaruhi kinerja saham perusahaan. Faktor lain yang tidak kalah pentingnya adalah faktor sentiment investor,dan kondisi likuiditas pasar. faktor sentimen dan kondisi likuiditas lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor makro baik domestik,regional maupun global yang sedang berkembang pada periode tertentu.
Maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa kebijakan manajemen keuangan perusahaan yang terkena dampak faktor-faktor makro tersebut mengahadapi risiko dengan pencapaian kinerja yang fluktuatif dan bahkan mengalami kecendrungan menurun. Menurunnya level kinerja keuangan perusahaan tersebut mengakibatkanpada menurunnya kinerja saham emiten. Pada analisis industri ditemukan permasalahan yang memaksa manajemen untuk melakukan strategi tertentu baik di dalam memanfaatkan kesempatan yang tersedia dengan menggunakan kekuatan perusahaan yang ada,maupun strategi untuk mengurangi dampak negative dari potensi ancaman secara eksternal. Dengan upaya perbaikan kinerja keuangan seperti terlihat pada rekomendasi yang kami ajukan diharapkan harga saham emiten akan mengalami peningkatan dari harga sekarang.
Upaya perusahaan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan efisiensi agar memiliki daya tahan dan daya saing supaya dilaksanakan sehingga pemanfaatan semua sumber daya perusahaan mencapai titik optimal, seiring dengan itu kinerja saham diharapkan meningkat sehingga tujuan manajamen keuangan maksimalisasi kekayaan pemilik perusahaan bisa terwujud.

Kata Kunci : Produktivitas, Efisiensi, Daya Tahan, Daya Saing, Kinerja Saham
Analisis Nilai Tukar dan Pengeluaran Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Sawah di Kabupaten Konawe
Authors: Saleh Leni 
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk : (1) Mengetahui berapa besar nilai tukar petani padi sawah di Desa Lamokuni Kecamatan Wonggeduku Barat Kabupaten Konawe dan (2) Mengetahui berapa besar pengeluaran rumah tangga dari total pendapatan usahatani padi sawah di Desa Lamokuni Kecamatan Wonggeduku Barat Kabupaten Konawe. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Lamokuni Kecamatan Wonggeduku Barat Kabupaten Konawe. Penentuan lokasi ini dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive) dengan pertimbangan bahwa di desa tersebut sebagian besar penduduknya berusahatani padi sawah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh petani padi sawah yang berjumlah 48 orang, penentuan responden dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara sensus.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Tingkat kesejahteraan petani sampel di Desa Lamokuni Kecamatan Wonggeduku Barat tergolong tinggi dengan rata-rata NTP sebesar 127,96%. (2) Pengeluaran rumah tangga petani padi sawah sebesar 57,81% dari total pendapatan usahatani petani padi sawah, maka petani memiliki tabungan sebesar 42,19% yang merupakan selisih antara pendapatan dan pengeluaran rumah tangga.
New Determination of Fundamental Properties of Palomar 5 Using Deep DESI Imaging Data
Authors: Xu Xin , Zou Hu , Zhou Xu , Nie Jundan , Zhou Zhimin , Ma Jun , Zhang Tianmeng , Wang Jiali , Xue Suijian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The legacy imaging surveys for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument project provides multiple-color photometric data, which are about 2 mag deeper than those from the SDSS. In this study, we redetermine the fundamental properties for an old halo globular cluster of Palomar 5 based on these new imaging data, including structure parameters, stellar population parameters, and luminosity and mass functions. These characteristics, together with its tidal tails, are key for dynamical studies of the cluster and constraining the mass model of the Milky Way. By fitting the King model to the radial surface density profile of Palomar 5, we derive the core radius of

, tidal radius of

, and concentration parameter of c = 0.78 ± 0.04. We apply a Bayesian analysis method to derive the stellar population properties and get an age of 11.508 ± 0.027 Gyr, metallicity of [Fe/H] = −1.798 ± 0.014, reddening of E(B − V) = 0.0552 ± 0.0005, and distance modulus of

. The main-sequence luminosity and mass functions for both the cluster center and tidal tails are investigated. The luminosity and mass functions at different distances from the cluster center suggest that there is obvious spatial mass segregation. Many faint low-mass stars have been evaporated at the cluster center, and the tidal tails are enhanced by low-mass stars. Both the concentration and relaxation times suggest that Palomar 5 is a totally relaxed system.
Deciphering the Origin of the GeV–TeV Gamma-Ray Emission from SS 433
Authors: Kimura Shigeo S. , Murase Kohta , Mészáros Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We investigate hadronic and leptonic scenarios for the GeV–TeV gamma-ray emission from jets of the microquasar SS 433. The emission region of the TeV photons coincides with the X-ray knots, where electrons are efficiently accelerated. On the other hand, the optical high-density filaments are also located close to the X-ray knots, which may support a hadronic scenario. We calculate multiwavelength photon spectra of the extended jet region by solving the transport equations for the electrons and protons. We find that both hadronic and leptonic models can account for the observational data, including the latest Fermi Large Area Telescope result. The hadronic scenarios predict higher-energy photons than the leptonic scenarios, and future observations such as with the Cherenkov Telescope Array, the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory, and the Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory may distinguish between these scenarios and unravel the emission mechanism of GeV–TeV gamma rays. Based on our hadronic scenario, the analogy between microquasars and radio galaxies implies that the X-ray knot region of the radio-galaxy jets may accelerate heavy nuclei up to ultrahigh energies.
Lifting the Veil on Quark Matter in Compact Stars with Core g-mode Oscillations
Authors: Wei Wei , Salinas Marc , Klähn Thomas , Jaikumar Prashanth , Barry Megan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Compact stars containing quark matter may masquerade as neutron stars in the range of measured mass and radius, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions on the phase of matter inside the star. The sensitivity of core g-mode oscillations to the presence of a mixed phase may alleviate this difficulty. In hybrid stars that admit quark matter in a mixed phase, the g-mode frequency rises sharply due to a marked decrease in the equilibrium sound speed. Resonant excitation of g-modes can leave an imprint in the waveform of coalescing binary compact stars. We present analytic and numeric results to assess the sensitivity displayed by g-mode oscillations to quark matter in a homogeneous or mixed phase and also compute relevant damping times in quark matter due to viscosity.
Pair Plasma in Super-QED Magnetic Fields and the Hard X-Ray/Optical Emission of Magnetars
Authors: Thompson Christopher , Kostenko Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The photon spectrum emitted by a transrelativistic pair plasma is calculated in the presence of an ultrastrong magnetic field, and is shown to bear a remarkable resemblance to the rising hard X-ray spectra of quiescent magnetars. This emission is powered by pair annihilation which, in contrast with a weakly magnetized pair plasma, shows an extended low-frequency tail similar to bremsstrahlung. Cross sections for electron–positron annihilation/scattering, two-photon pair creation, and photon-e
± scattering are adopted from our earlier ab initio quantum electrodynamic calculations in the regime

≫ B ≫ B
Q. Careful attention is given to the u-channel scattering resonance. Magnetospheric arcades anchored in zones of intense crustal shear and reaching about twice the magnetar radius are identified as the sites of the persistent hard X-ray emission. We deduce a novel and stable configuration for the magnetospheric circuit, with a high plasma density sustained by ohmic heating and in situ pair creation. Pairs are sourced nonlocally by photon collisions in zones with weak currents, such as the polar cap. Annihilation bremsstrahlung extends to the optical–IR band, where the plasma cutoff is located. The upper magnetar atmosphere experiences strong current-driven growth of ion-acoustic turbulence, which may limit positron diffusion. Coherent optical–IR emission is bounded near the observed flux by induced scattering. This model accommodates the rapid X-ray brightening of an activating magnetar, concentrated thermal hotspots, and the subdominant thermal X-ray emission of some active magnetars. Current injection is ascribed to continuous magnetic braiding, as seen in the global yielding calculations of Thompson, Yang, and Ortiz.
ALMA View of the Infalling Envelope around a Massive Protostar in S255IR SMA1
Authors: Liu Sheng-Yuan , Su Yu-Nung , Zinchenko Igor , Wang Kuo-Song , Meyer Dominique M.-A. , Wang Yuan , Hsieh I-Ta 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The massive young stellar object S255IR NIRS3 embedded in the star-forming core SMA1 has been recently observed with a luminosity burst, which is conjectured as a disk-mediated variable accretion event. In this context, it is imperative to characterize the gas properties around the massive young stellar object. With this in mind, we carried out high angular resolution observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and imaged the 900 μm dust continuum and the CH3CN J = 19−18 K = 0−10 transitions of S255IR SMA1. The integrated CH3CN emission exhibits an elongated feature with an extent of 1800 au in the northwest–southeast direction at a position angle of 165°, which is nearly perpendicular to the bipolar outflow. We confirm the presence of dense (a few

cm−3) and hot (∼400 K) gas immediately surrounding the central protostar. The CH3CN emission features a velocity gradient along the elongated ridge, and by modeling the gas kinematics based on features in the position–velocity diagram, we infer that the gas is best described by a flattened rotating infalling envelope (or pseudo-disk). A mass infall rate of a few × 10−4
M
⊙ yr−1 is derived. If there exists a putative Keplerian disk directly involved in the mass accretion onto the star and jet/outflow launching, it is likely smaller than 125 au and unresolved by our observations. We show qualitative resemblances between the gas properties (such as density and kinematics) in 255IR SMA1 inferred from our observations and those in a numerical simulation particularly tailored for studying the burst mode of massive star formation.
Investigating Orientation Effects Considering Angular Resolution for a Sample of Radio-loud Quasars Using VLA Observations
Authors: Maithil Jaya , Runnoe Jessie C. , Brotherton Michael S. , Wardle John F. , Wills Beverley J. , DiPompeo Michael , De Breuck Carlos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Radio core dominance measurements, an indicator of jet orientation, sometimes rely on core flux density measurements from large-area surveys like Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty cm (FIRST) that have an angular resolution of only 5″. Such low-resolution surveys often fail to resolve cores from the extended emission, resulting in an erroneous measurement. We focus on investigating this resolution effect for a sample of 119 radio-loud quasars. We obtained continuum observations from NSF’s Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at 10 GHz in A configuration with a 0.″2 resolution. Our measurements show that at FIRST spatial resolution, core flux measurements are indeed systematically high even after considering the core variability. For a handful of quasars, 10 GHz images reveal extended features, whereas the FIRST image shows a point source. We found that the resolution effect is more prominent for quasars with smaller angular sizes. We further computed two radio core dominance parameters R and R
5100 for use in statistical orientation investigations with this sample. We also present the spectral energy distributions between 74 MHz and 1.4 GHz, which we used to measure the spectral index of the extended emission of these quasars. Our results empirically confirm that determination of radio core dominance requires high spatial resolution data. We highlight the practical issues associated with the choice of frequency and resolution in the measurement of core and extended flux densities.
Étangs et marécages dans les aires naturelles protégées urbaines : le cas du zakaznik du mont des Moineaux à Moscou
Authors: Touchart Laurent 
Published: December 2020

Selon l’IUCN, les aires protégées urbaines développent en général les aptitudes relationnelles des citadins, construisent un sentiment d’appartenance bénéfique à la collectivité et sensibilisent la jeunesse à l’environnement. Riche de 438 étangs et de 120 aires protégées, la ville de Moscou est un cas d’étude exemplaire pour tenter de comprendre si les plans d’eau peuvent apporter un supplément d’identité et d’intérêt éducatif aux aires protégées urbaines. La réserve partielle (zakaznik) de nature du mont des Moineaux compte quatre étangs. Le document officiel de classement les considère uniquement comme un support aux espèces végétales et animales et réduit l’hydrographie aux seuls éléments censés être naturels, les sources et les ruisseaux. Nous tentons de montrer l’intérêt qu’il y aurait à enrichir l’actuelle vision naturaliste et biocentrée par une prise en compte de l’ensemble du paysage et une valorisation des aspects culturels, dont les étangs pourraient être le fer de lance. Grâce à la transformation au fil des siècles des marécages naturels en étangs artificiels, l’effet des contrepentes modelées par les glissements de terrain est devenu lisible. Discrète ailleurs dans la réserve, l’eau est révélée par les étangs. Le croisement de leur histoire monastique et nobiliaire avec les perspectives panoramiques dévoilées par les belvédères aménagés qui les surmontent permet de proposer une thématisation des différentes parties du zakaznik : (i) la nature sélectionnée, la perspective de la jeunesse et l’étang récréatif, (ii) la nature des panneaux pédagogiques, la perspective des monastères et la chaîne des étangs de Saint-André, (iii) la nature jardinée, la perspective des sciences et l’étang princier. Ce dernier sous-ensemble conduirait, en sortant du périmètre de la réserve, à un cinquième étang, dont l’écrin serait celui de la nature plantée de l’arboretum de l’université.
La variation toponymique dans l'oraliture comme pratique infrapolitique : études de cas à Uchon et Paris
Authors: Bing Jean-Baptiste 
Published: December 2020

Cet article s'attache à montrer comment l'oraliture, en pérennisant l'actualité de variation toponymique, constitue une arme de résistance et d'encapacitation relevant de l'« infrapolitique ». Pour ce faire, elle s'attache à deux cas d'étude : la microtoponymie appliquée au quotidien par les habitants du village d'Uchon (Saône-et-Loire) et transmise via des récits lors de parcours commentés ; l'odonymie de deux rues de Paris, transmise à travers deux récits. Après avoir présenté les cas d'étude et le corpus, la première partie pose quelques considérations épistémologiques et méthodologiques sur ceux-ci, la manière de les traiter et les limites des résultats qui peuvent en être tirés. Puis la deuxième partie montre comment contes, légendes et récits oraux permettent d'entretenir un écart à la norme et à la normalisation et d'enrichir le réel quotidien. Enfin la troisième s'attarde sur le pouvoir d'encapacitation que représente cette oraliture pour un groupe subalterne lors d'un rapport de force. L'article conclue sur l'importance de la variante dans l'oraliture comme interstice où peuvent s'imaginer et s'incarner des résistances infrapolitiques par-delà les différences de contexte entre une métropole et un village de l'hyperruralité.
Comparing the Braden and Jackson/Cubbin Pressure Injury Risk Scales in Trauma-Surgery ICU Patients
Authors: Higgins Jacob , Casey Sherri , Taylor Erin , Wilson Riley , Halcomb Paula 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe occurrence of pressure injury in the critical care environment has multiple risk factors. Prevention requires reliable assessment tools to help predict injury risk. The Braden scale, a commonly used risk assessment tool, has been shown to have poor predictive properties in critical care patients. The Jackson/Cubbin scale was developed specifically for pressure injury risk stratification in critically ill patients and has demonstrated acceptable predictive properties in the general critical care population but has not been examined in critically ill trauma-surgical patients.ObjectiveTo compare the predictive properties of the Braden and Jackson/Cubbin scales in a trauma-surgical critical care population.MethodsA retrospective medical records review was performed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of 366 trauma-surgical critical care patients. Additionally, the negative predictive value, positive predictive value, sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curve with area under the curve of the Braden and Jackson/Cubbin scales were determined.ResultsThe sample consisted of primarily middle-aged (mean [SD], 56 [19] years) men (64%) admitted after trauma (71%). The participants who developed pressure injuries were older, more often required vasopressors and mechanical ventilation, and were less mobile. Predictive properties for the Braden and Jackson/Cubbin scales, respectively, were as follows: negative predictive value, 78% versus 87%; positive predictive value, 53% versus 66%; sensitivity, 17% versus 54%; specificity, 95% versus 92%; and area under the curve, 0.710 versus 0.793.ConclusionThe Jackson/Cubbin scale demonstrated superior predictive properties and discrimination compared with the Braden scale for pressure injury risk prediction in critically ill trauma-surgical patients.
Protective Antibody Levels Against Hepatitis B among Serodiagnosed Syphilis Cases
Authors: Kashyap Bineeta , Saha Rituparna , Singh Narendra Pal , Singha Krishna 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The intersecting routes of transmission in conjunction with hepatocyte injury caused by hepatotropic viruses and Treponema pallidum independently add to the importance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) seroprotection in syphilis. Furthermore, the deficit in the clinical suspicion and stigma associated could at least be partially responsible for the underdiagnosis of syphilitic hepatitis, which is caused by the effect of T. pallidum on hepatocytes. Materials
and

Methods:
Sera from eighty patients, serologically confirmed for syphilis by conventional algorithm, were included in the study. Levels of anti-HBs antibody were determined by ELISA for all serologically confirmed cases of syphilis.

Results:
Majority of the patients who tested positive for syphilis as per conventional algorithm, hailed from antiretroviral therapy (ART) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics. Levels of anti-HBs antibody of all the patients were found to be below 10 mIU/ml.

Conclusion:
The absence of protective levels of anti-HBs antibody among all the patients in the study group, despite the inclusion of HBV vaccination in the national immunization program and proximity to tertiary health-care facilities, underscores the pressing need to reinforce and revise our approach to immunization. High-risk groups, such as ART and STI clinic attendees, solicit further enforcement of accelerated immunization strategies in excess to existing dosing schedules.