bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant therapy in high-risk renal cell cancer: A systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis.
Authors: Siddiqi Rabbia , Riaz Irbaz Bin , Islam Mahnoor , Sipra Qurat Ul Ain Riaz , Ryu Alexander J. , Raina Ammad , Murad M. Hassan , Kohli Manish 
Published: February 2020

708 Background: Patients with high risk non-metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) are at significant risk of recurrence following nephrectomy. Previously, we reported no benefit of adjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in high-risk patients. Since our most recent publication, efficacy results from the multicenter double-blind SORCE trial have become available. We updated our meta-analysis to include these additional data and performed a cumulative meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to identify relevant RCTs. A generic variance-weighted random effects model was used to derive estimates for efficacy. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q statistic and was quantified using the I2 test. The primary outcome was disease-free survival (DFS), defined as the interval between randomization and the first recurrence, the occurrence of metastasis or a secondary cancer, or death due to any cause. Statistical analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3 (Biostat). Results: Five phase 3 trials were identified, enrolling 6531 patients. Two trials compared sunitinib with placebo (S-TRAC and ECOG-ACRIN), two compared sorafenib with placebo (ECOG-ACRIN and SORCE) and one trial each compared pazopanib (PROTECT) and axitinib (ATLAS) vs placebo. Cumulative evidence suggests that adjuvant therapy with TKIs showed no significant improvement in (DFS) hazard ratio [HR] of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.85-1.02), compared to placebo. There was no significant heterogeneity among included trials ( I2= 52%, P= .41). Overall, the trials were at low risk of bias. Conclusions: Adjuvant vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in high-risk renal cell carcinoma did not improve DFS as compared to placebo. Improved patient selection using better prognostic biomarkers or scoring systems may identify subsets of patients who can benefit from adjuvant treatments. Toxicity estimates will be updated as data from SORCE trial publication becomes available.
DASL-HiCAP (ANZUP1801): The impact of darolutamide on standard therapy for localized very high-risk cancer of the prostate—A randomized phase III double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of adding darolutamide to androgen deprivation therapy and definitive or salvage radiation in very high-risk, clinically localized prostate cancer.
Authors: Niazi Tamim , Williams Scott , Davis Ian D. , Stockler Martin R. , Martin Andrew James , Hague Wendy , Bracken Karen , Gorzeman Margot , Roncolato Felicia , Yip Sonia , Horvath Lisa , Sengupta Shomik , Hughes Simon , McDermott Raymond S. , Catto James WF , Vapiwala Neha , Parulekar Wendy R. , Sweeney Christopher 
Published: February 2020

TPS385 Background: Radiation therapy (RT), plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with a luteinising hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRHA) for at least one year, is standard of care for men with very high-risk localised prostate cancer (PC), or with very high-risk features and persistent PSA after radical prostatectomy (RP). Despite this, incurable distant metastases develop within 5 years in 15% of men with very high risk features. Darolutamide is an androgen receptor antagonist with favourable tolerability. Our aim is to determine the efficacy of adding darolutamide to ADT and RT given in the setting of either primary definitive therapy (RP or RT), or adjuvant therapy for very high-risk PC. Methods: This study is a randomised (1:1) phase III placebo-controlled, double-blind trial for men planned for RT who have very high-risk localised PC, or very high-risk features with PSA persistence or rise within one year following RP. The trial will be stratified by: use of adjuvant docetaxel; pelvic nodal involvement; RP. 1100 participants will be randomised to darolutamide 600 mg or placebo twice daily for 96 weeks. Participants will receive LHRHA for 96 weeks, plus RT starting week 8-24 from randomisation. Participants are allowed nonsteroidal antiandrogen (up to 90 days) in addition to LHRHA up until randomisation. Early treatment with 6 cycles of docetaxel completed at least 4 weeks prior to RT is permitted. The primary endpoint is metastasis-free survival, with secondary endpoints overall survival, PC-specific survival, PSA-progression free survival, time to subsequent hormonal therapy, time to castration-resistance, frequency and severity of adverse events, health related quality of life, fear of recurrence. Tertiary endpoints include incremental cost-effectiveness, and identification of prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers of treatment response, safety and resistance to study treatment. Clinical trial information: NCT04136353.
Atezolizumab + intravesical BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients: Institutional clinical and translational study (BladderGATE).
Authors: Castellano Daniel , de Velasco Guillermo , Martin Soberón Maria Cruz , Carretero-González Alberto , Dueñas Marta , Paramio Jesus , De La Rosa Federico , Sanz Juan Luis , Guerrero Félix 
Published: February 2020

TPS598 Background: Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) induction + BCG maintenance after transurethral resection (TURBT) is the current standard of care for patients (pt) with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Recurrence rate at 2 years is around 30%, which is clearly unsatisfactory. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a surface glycoprotein that functions as an inhibitor of T-cells and plays a crucial role in suppression of cellular immune response. Atezolizumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting PD-L1 and is associated with long-term durable remissions in pts with metastatic urothelial cancer (Powles T. Lancet. 2018). Atezolizumab in combination with standard BCG could be beneficial in pts with NMIBC. BladderGATE (NCT04134000) is a phase Ib-II study aims to evaluate the clinical impact and safety of the combination of Atezolizumab + intravesical BGC (medac strain), including a translational study (microbioma and urobioma) in pts with NMIBC. Methods: Eligible pt have confirmed histopathology of NMIBC, BCG naïve or stopped >3 years ago, WHO PS 0-1, no prior radiation to bladder and adequate hematologic and end-organ function. We propose a de-escalation design to enroll patients to identify DLT and MTD proposed to safety and efficacy expansion cohort. Pt will receive induction BCG, 1 instillation every week (qw) (dose level 0) or BCG, 1/2 instillation qw (dose level -1) + intravenously atezolizumab 1200 mg every 3 w (q3w), during 6 w. After induction, BCG will be administered as maintenance treatment at weeks 12, 24 and 48 and atezolizumab 1200 mg q3w up to 1 year. Pt will be accrued to each dose level in cohorts of 10 pt until the MTD is achieved (the highest dose at which <4 out of 10 pt experience DLT). DLT will be evaluated during induction treatment. Additional pt will be included in the expansion cohort up to 40 pt. DLT and safety profile will be evaluated according to NCI-CTCAE v 5.0 criteria. Recurrence-free survival will be assessed per RECIST 1.1. Tissue, plasma and urine sample will be collected for translational study. Clinical trial information: NCT04134000.
Reduced Expression of the Co-regulator TLE1 in Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated with Increased Islet α-Cell Number
Authors: Armour Sarah L , Anderson Scott J , Richardson Sarah J , Ding Yuchun , Carey Chris , Lyon James , Maheshwari Rashmi R , Al-Jahdami Najwa , Krasnogor Natalio , Morgan Noel G , MacDonald Patrick , Shaw James A M , White Michael G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
β-Cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with loss of cellular identity and mis-expression of alternative islet hormones, including glucagon. The molecular basis for these cellular changes has been attributed to dysregulation of core β-cell transcription factors, which regulate β-cell identity through activating and repressive mechanisms. The TLE1 gene lies near a T2D susceptibility locus and, recently, the glucagon repressive actions of this transcriptional coregulator have been demonstrated in vitro. We investigated whether TLE1 expression is disrupted in human T2D, and whether this is associated with increased islet glucagon-expressing cells. Automated image analysis following immunofluorescence in donors with (n = 7) and without (n = 7) T2D revealed that T2D was associated with higher islet α/β cell ratio (Control: 0.7 ± 0.1 vs T2D: 1.6 ± 0.4; P &lt; .05) and an increased frequency of bihormonal (insulin+/glucagon+) cells (Control: 0.8 ± 0.2% vs T2D: 2.0 ± 0.4%, P &lt; .05). In nondiabetic donors, the majority of TLE1-positive cells were mono-hormonal β-cells (insulin+/glucagon–: 98.2 ± 0.5%; insulin+/glucagon+: 0.7 ± 0.2%; insulin–/glucagon+: 1.1 ± 0.4%; P &lt; .001). TLE1 expression was reduced in T2D (Control: 36 ± 2.9% vs T2D: 24 ± 2.6%; P &lt; .05). Reduced islet TLE1 expression was inversely correlated with α/β cell ratio (r = –0.55; P &lt; .05). TLE1 knockdown in EndoC-βH1 cells was associated with a 2.5-fold increase in glucagon gene mRNA and mis-expression of glucagon in insulin-positive cells. These data support TLE1 as a putative regulator of human β-cell identity, with dysregulated expression in T2D associated with increased glucagon expression potentially reflecting β- to α-cell conversion.
Study of energy quantities for a hyperon in hypernuclei using a single particle potential
Authors: Lalazissis G. A. , Grypeos M. E. , Massen S. E. 
Published: February 2020

A single particle hyperon-nucleus potential is adopted for the study of various energy quantities of a hyperon (Y) in hypernuclei.Approximate semi-empirical formulae for the ground state (g.s.) binding energy and for the oscillator spacing hωΛ of a Λ in hypernuclei are proposed. The region of their validity is discussed.The g.s. binding energies of the Ξ- hyperon in the few known Ξ- hypernuclei are also analyzed and a comparison of the volume integrals of the Ξ- nucleon and Λ nucleon potentials |V_{ΞN}I and |V_{ΛΝ)| is made. The value of the ratio γ=V_{ΞΝ}/|V_{ΛN}| is found to be ~0.8. Such a conclusion is also obtained by using in the same way other potential models such as the Woods-Saxon one.
Menstrual hygiene management among girls at a peri-urban senior high school in the Volta Region, Ghana
Authors: Baku Elizabeth Aku , Adrakpanya Victor , Konlan Kennedy Diema , Adatara Peter 
Published: February 2020

Background Young women and adolescent girls experience many challenges in their lives related to sanitation, hygiene, and menstruation. These challenges are often seen in a school setting and are more intense in peri-urban areas, where the infrastructure in educational institutions is often outpaced by the population, generating poor sanitary conditions. This can lead to adolescent girls contracting reproductive tract infections, such as candidiasis, as a result of poor menstrual hygiene. This study assessed menstrual hygiene management among students at a senior high school in the Volta Region, Ghana, in order to identify improvements to be made by school authorities to improve the health and comfort of students during menstruation. Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among 265 students aged 13–22 years, who had attained menarche. A pretested, structured questionnaire was used to collect data on their menstruation knowledge and practices, and the available sanitary facilities for menstrual hygiene management in the school. This was followed by an evaluation of the available facilities using a survey process. The Pearson chi-squared test was used to test the association between a student's year group and their knowledge and practices. Results The majority of the girls had accurate knowledge on menstruation (52.8% reported the correct length of a woman's menses, 74.7% correctly reported that a woman's menses comes once a month). However, the majority (63%) of participants reported the belief that menstrual blood is unhygienic and this belief was significantly associated with year group (P<0.00). When reporting on their practices during menstruation, the majority (76.2%) bathed twice a day and most (47.2%) changed their sanitary product twice a day. The frequency of these practices was significantly associated with year group (P=0.017 and P≤0.00, respectively). Only one-third (33.6%) of girls reported always having access to water for washing when menstruating and only 24.9% reported always having access to soap. The survey of facilities revealed that there was no handwashing facility in the school. Conclusions There is a need for Ghanaian educational institutions to provide proper sanitary facilities and for parents to provide sanitary pads or towels, which will allow girls who are menstruating to be comfortable and free of reproductive health infections. To achieve this, school authorities should be educated on the importance of providing the necessary sanitary facilities and parents should be educated on the necessity of provision of sanitary pads.
College Assignment Problems Under Constrained Choice, Private Preferences, and Risk Aversion
Authors: Hernandez-Chanto Allan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany countries use a centralized admission system for admitting students to universities. Typically, each student reports a ranking of his preferred colleges to a planner, and the planner allocates students to colleges according to the rules of a predefined mechanism. A recurrent feature in these admission systems is that students are constrained in the number of colleges that they can rank. In addition, students normally have private preferences over colleges and are risk-averse. Hence, they face a strategic decision under uncertainty to determine their optimal reports to the planner. We characterize students’ equilibrium behavior when the planner uses a Serial Dictatorship (SD) mechanism by solving an endogenous decision problem. We show that if students are sufficiently risk-averse, their optimal strategy is to truthfully report the “portfolio of colleges” with the highest probabilities of being available. We then analyze the welfare implications of constraining student choice by stressing the differences between the so-called consideration and conditional-allocation effects.
Dynamics of Online Collective Attention as Hawkes Self-exciting Process
Authors: Li Zhenpeng , Xijin Tang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamic formation mechanism of online collective attention has been attracted diversified interests such as Internet memes, viral videos, or social media platforms and Web-based businesses, and has practical application in the area of marketing and advertising, propagation of information. Bulletin Board System, or BBS can be regarded as an ecosystem of digital resources connected and shaped by collective successive behaviors of users. Clicks and replies of the posts quantify the degree of collective attention. For example, the collective clicking behavior of users on BBS gives rise to the up and down of focus on posts, and transporting attention between topics, the ratio between clicks and replies measure the heat degree of a post. We analyzed the dynamics of collective attention millions of users on an interactive Tianya Zatan BBS. By analyzing the dynamics of clicks we uncovered a non-trivial Hawkes process self-exciting regularity concerning the impact of novelty exponential decay mechanism. Here, it able to explain the empirical data of BBS remarkably well, such as popular topics are observed in time frequently cluster, asymptotic normality of clicks. Our findings indicate that collective attention among large populations decays with a exponential decaying law, suggest the existence of a natural time scale over novelty fades. Importantly, we show that self-exciting point processes can be used for the purpose of collective attention modeling.
Diet-induced weight loss alters hepatic glucocorticoid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Stomby Andreas , Otten Julia , Ryberg Mats , Andrew Ruth , Walker Brian R , Olsson Tommy 
Published: February 2020

Context
Altered tissue-specific glucocorticoid metabolism has been described in uncomplicated obesity and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that weight loss induced by diet and exercise, which has previously been shown to reverse abnormal cortisol metabolism in uncomplicated obesity, also normalizes cortisol metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective
Test the effects of a diet intervention with added exercise on glucocorticoid metabolism.

Design
Two groups followed a Paleolithic diet (PD) for 12 weeks with added 180 min of structured aerobic and resistance exercise per week in one randomized group (PDEX).

Setting
Umeå University Hospital.

Participants
Men and women with type 2 diabetes treated with lifestyle modification ± metformin were included. Twenty-eight participants (PD, n = 15; PDEX, n = 13) completed measurements of glucocorticoid metabolism.

Main outcome measures
Changes in glucocorticoid metabolite levels in 24-h urine samples, expression of HSD11B1 mRNA in s.c. adipose tissue and conversion of orally administered cortisone to cortisol measured in plasma. Body composition and insulin sensitivity were measured using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and liver fat was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Results
Both groups lost weight and improved insulin sensitivity. Conversion of orally taken cortisone to plasma cortisol and the ratio of 5α-THF + 5β-THF/THE in urine increased in both groups.

Conclusions
These interventions caused weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity with concomitant increases in the conversion of cortisone to cortisol, which is an estimate of hepatic HSD11B1 activity. This suggests that dysregulation of liver glucocorticoid metabolism in these patients is a consequence rather than a cause of metabolic dysfunction.
Microscopy techniques for determining water–cement (w/c) ratio in hardened concrete: a round-robin assessment
Authors: Wong H. S. , Poole A. B. , Wells B. , Eden M. , Barnes R. , Ferrari J. , Fox R. , Yio M. H. N. , Copuroglu O. , Guðmundsson G. , Hardie R. , Jakobsen U. H. , Makoubi K. , Mitchinson A. , Raybould P. , Strongman J. , Buenfeld N. R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWater to cement (w/c) ratio is usually the most important parameter specified in concrete design and is sometimes the subject of dispute when a shortfall in concrete strength or durability is an issue. However, determination of w/c ratio in hardened concrete by testing is very difficult once the concrete has set. This paper presents the results from an inter-laboratory round-robin study organised by the Applied Petrography Group to evaluate and compare microscopy methods for measuring w/c ratio in hardened concrete. Five concrete prisms with w/c ratios ranging from 0.35 to 0.55, but otherwise identical in mix design were prepared independently and distributed to 11 participating petrographic laboratories across Europe. Participants used a range of methods routine to their laboratory and these are broadly divided into visual assessment, measurement of fluorescent intensity and quantitative backscattered electron microscopy. Some participants determined w/c ratio using more than one method or operator. Consequently, 100 individual w/c ratio determinations were collected, representing the largest study of its type ever undertaken. The majority (81%) of the results are accurate to within ± 0.1 of the target mix w/c ratios, 58% come to within ± 0.05 and 37% are within ± 0.025. The study shows that microscopy-based methods are more accurate and reliable compared to the BS 1881-124 physicochemical method for determining w/c ratio. The practical significance, potential sources of errors and limitations are discussed with the view to inform future applications.
Basics of Criminal Policy: from Theoretical Discourse to De Lege Ferеnda
Authors: Endoltseva Аlla , Endoltseva Yulia , Platonova Natalya 
Published: February 2020

The authors analyze publications in criminal policy, study its understanding by scholars of criminal and criminal procedure law and criminology, and present their own vision of different aspects of the development and implementation of criminal policy in the Russian Federation. They examine criminal policy as a complex pheno­menon which has law enforcement and human rights dimensions aimed at counteracting crime, as a system which includes criminal law, criminal procedure, investigation, penitentiary and criminological policies; the authors present arguments in favor of using such an approach. Criminal policy cannot be designed independently from state legal policy; it should be developed with the participation of civil society institutions and should be approved by it. The main goal of this work is to determine the basics (the principles) of Russian criminal policy, to describe their contents, interconnections and interpenetration. The authors examine and analyze different approaches to specifying the principles of criminal policy. They come to the conclusion that the principles of criminal policy differ from the principles of anti-criminal branches of law, but the latter should determine the basic clauses of criminal and criminal procedure law. It is stressed that a system of principles focusing on a common goal — crime counteraction — can only be discussed within the framework of criminal policy. The authors study the international experience of criminal policy in different countries and determine four fundamental principles of criminal policy in the member states of the Council of Europe. The analysis of modern criminal law and criminal procedure legislation with its numerous changes and amendments, the identified lack of coordination and inconsistency of the actions of lawmakers allow the authors to discuss the necessity of developing a unified criminal law, criminal procedure and penitentiary policy, i.e. criminal policy in a broad sense. They conclude that it is necessary to design a document, officially recognized at the state level, that would stipulate and reflect the basics (the principles), goals and tasks, as well as the priority directions for developing the criminal policy.
O monitoramento do espaço escolar: a utilização de câmeras de vigilância nas aulas de geografia
Authors: Cano Fernando Camillo Santos 
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: A sociedade contemporânea a partir do meio técnico-cientifico-informacional difundiu novas tecnologias garantindo o maior acesso a informação e ao conhecimento. O conhecimento garantiu a evolução e desenvolvimento das relações socioeconômicas, que ao mesmo tempo, impôs formas de vigilância e controle sobre a sociedade. As câmeras de segurança e/ou vigilância se encontram, cada vez mais, presentes no cotidiano das pessoas, principalmente, motivadas pela cultura do medo e insegurança, onde ser monitorado se faz necessário para assegurar a reprodução humana em meio ao aprofundamento das desigualdades sócio-espaciais. Tendo como recorte espacial e de inserção uma rede particular de ensino do município de Rio Claro-SP objetiva-se no presente artigo estabelecer o relato e caracterização da utilização de câmeras de vigilância durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem nas aulas de Geografia. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa e dialética, utilizando-se da observação, descrição, compreensão e significado dos conhecimentos e analisar como a presença das câmeras de vídeo de monitoramento atrapalham os processos de desenvolvimento, interação e aprendizagem dos alunos do Ensino Fundamental II. Assim sendo, a presente pesquisa foi realizada inlocus em 2017, durante a disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado IV do Programa de Graduação do Instituto Biociências da UNESP, Rio Claro-SP, Brasil.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Vigilância por câmeras, Vigilância em escolas, Ensino de Geografia.