bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disaster risk reduction compliance framework for public private partnership (PPP) port projects
Authors: Liyanage Champika , Villalba-Romero Felix 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to identify success factors and resilience measures (RM) that contribute to disaster risk reduction (DRR) in public private partnerships (PPP) port projects in Asia. Significant losses have been associated with large-scale natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunami, cyclones and other extreme weather events, and thus, ports need to evaluate their resilience level and adopt relevant DRR strategies to improve it.

Design/methodology/approach
A step-by-step methodology, based on literature review, port cases analysis, questionnaire survey and expert opinions, was followed.

Findings
The paper provides a research instrument extracted from a large list of measures and factors after a combined screening process was carried out. This instrument offers policymakers and researchers a tool applicable to PPP port projects in Asian countries to evaluate the level of resilience.

Research limitations/implications
Relevant RM for some specific projects may have not been considered to obtain a standardised instrument.

Originality/value
This paper fulfils an identified need to evaluate resilient port infrastructures and the output is a resilience framework to be used in PPP port projects in Asia.
Migrants' satisfaction with working conditions on cocoa farms in Ghana
Authors: Amfo Bismark , Osei Mensah James , Aidoo Robert 
Published: December 2020

PurposePoor working conditions among migrant labourers on cocoa farms may be commonplace. This could affect labour productivity and cocoa industry performance. The paper investigates migrants' satisfaction with working conditions on cocoa farms in Ghana and the key drivers of satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a five-point Likert scale to evaluate migrants' satisfaction with remuneration, working hours, welfare, health and safety, contract and freedom. Using primary data from 400 migrants and non-migrants in four cocoa districts, multivariate probit regression was employed to evaluate the determinants of satisfaction with working conditions.FindingsMigrant labourers are generally satisfied with their working hours, nature of contract and freedom they enjoy. However, they are unsatisfied with their remuneration, welfare and health/safety conditions on cocoa farms. All things being equal, secondary occupation, nature of contract, number of farmers served by labourer, annual earnings, farm ownership, education and expectations before migration influence migrants' satisfaction with working conditions.Practical implicationsTo improve satisfaction with working conditions and productivity, migrants on cocoa farms should be given protective working gear, long-term or renewable contracts and they should be encouraged to engage in secondary occupations.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies that focussed on working conditions in the formal sector, this study explores migrants' satisfaction with working conditions in the informal agricultural sector. Also, the study examines labourers' satisfaction with six subcomponents of working conditions compared to previous studies that employed a univariate analytical approach to examine working conditions.
Governing cooperatives in the context of individual motives
Authors: Sacchetti Silvia , Tortia Ermanno Celeste 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationships between the rules that a cooperative membership decides upon and members' motives for action. It considers individual self-interest in relation with motives that are consistent with the values of cooperation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper comprises two parts. The first is theoretical and discusses cooperative governance's features in the context of individual motives. The second part is empirical and based on survey data from Italian multistakeholder, worker-run social cooperatives. It uses cross-sectional data gathered from 4,134 workers and 310 managers in 310 cooperatives in Italy to provide evidence of rules and individual motives. Regression analysis confirms the existence of a linkage between individual self-interest and motives.FindingsRules mainly, but not exclusively, play an enabling function, which implies responding to both nonmonetary and monetary individual motives. With greater articulation within institutions – through the definition of multiple rights for accessing decision-making – the authors expect increases in individual capabilities to match motives with specific organizational rules in pursuit of consistent ends. This is confirmed by the association that the authors found between individual motives and commitment.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors’ illustration is limited to one specific type of cooperative, the social cooperative, in which prosocial motives are expected to be stronger than in other cooperative forms, although one could say that all cooperative models emphasize procommunity and prosocial aims. Data are cross-sectional and do not allow for the identification of causality, only of statistical relations' strength.Practical implicationsThe continuous scrutiny and adaptation of motives and means imply that cooperators communicate and engage in a learning process.Originality/valueWhile the institutional spheres that support investor-owned organizations and self-interested profit-maximizing behavior have been analyzed, a framework that accommodates personal control rights and a richer view of individual motives is lacking. The value added from the paper is to suggest one.
Management of complexity in the care ecosystem
Authors: Aitken James , Esain Ann E. , Williams Sharon 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Managing complexity within care ecosystems is an increasing universal challenge. In health, this is emphasised by recent calls for greater care integration to achieve service improvement as levels of comorbidity and frailty grow within populations. This research takes a service-dominant logic (SDL) stance in examining the sources, types and nature of complexity within a care ecosystem in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach
This illustrative case research focuses on a community care ecosystem. A multi-method approach is used combining semi-structured interviews, descriptive statistics and secondary data. The results were independently assessed and validated by participants through a second interview phase.

Findings
The findings from this research provide empirical support for the six complexities discussed in the supply chain literature. Identifying these complexities proffers the opportunity of applying manufacturing-derived complexity management strategies in care ecosystems. The conceptual model for institutional complexity, derived from the illustrative case study, showed that care professionals face additional complexity challenges in operating care ecosystems.

Practical implications
The management of complexity in care ecosystems requires professionals to be considerate of institutional arrangements when addressing the consequences of increasing levels of complexity. This necessitates the development of a balanced approach between reducing complexity while absorbing institutional arrangements which minimise risk.

Originality/value
Drawing on the supply chain complexity literature, the paper has developed a framework which guides care professionals facing increasing levels of complexity within the context of their institutional arrangements. As such, this research furthers our understanding of supply chain complexity effects in care ecosystems and provides a platform for future research.
Efficacy and safety of brodalumab in the Korean population for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: A randomized, phase III, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Seo Seong Jun , Shin Bong Seok , Lee Joo‐Heung , Jeong Haeyoun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPsoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, negatively impacts patients’ quality of life (QoL). This randomized, phase III, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and safety of brodalumab, a human anti‐interleukin‐17 receptor A monoclonal antibody, in Korean patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Coprimary end‐points were the percentage of patients with 75% or more improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) and static Physician’s Global Assessment (sPGA) success (score 0/1) at week 12. Secondary end‐points included the percentage improvement from baseline in PASI score and proportion of patients with PASI 50/75/90/100 responses. QoL was assessed with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Eligible patients were randomized to receive brodalumab 210 mg (N = 40) or placebo (N = 22) every 2 weeks (Q2W) at a 2:1 ratio for 12 weeks. Subsequently, all patients entered an open‐label extension phase and received brodalumab 210 mg Q2W until week 62. At week 12, the proportion of patients who achieved the coprimary end‐points, PASI 75 and sPGA success, was significantly higher in the brodalumab 210 mg Q2W group compared with the placebo group (92.5% vs 0%). At week 12, the mean ± SD percentage improvement in the PASI score was 96.87 ± 6.01% in the brodalumab 210 mg Q2W group, which was maintained until study end (week 64). PASI 50/75/90 responses were achieved by 100% of patients receiving brodalumab 210 mg Q2W at weeks 6, 13, and 24, respectively; PASI 100 was achieved by 82.8% of patients at week 64. Brodalumab treatment rapidly improved DLQI scores. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events were nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infections, tinea pedis, and urticaria. Overall, treatment with brodalumab 210 mg Q2W resulted in a rapid and significant clinical benefit and was well tolerated in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in Korea.
Sparsity‐promoting least‐squares reverse time migration via preconditioned Bregmanized operator splitting
Authors: Zand Toktam , Siahkoohi Hamid Reza 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTNowadays the least‐squares reverse time migration has become the most used migration method because of its accuracy in amplitude recovery and high‐resolution imaging, specifically its priority to image the beneath of structural domes such as salt domes. However, errors in the migration velocity model, inadequate physics of modelling/migration and too sparse data decrease the quality of the migrated image. Sparsity constraints help to mitigate the shortcomings of the least‐squares reverse time migration and stabilize the migration image, but the computational burden of sparse solvers is still a big challenge. In this paper, we propose a fast sparsity‐promoting least‐squares reverse time migration algorithm based on the Bregmanized operator splitting algorithm. In particular, we solve the least‐squares reverse time migration with ‐norm regularization to increase the image resolution while removing the artefacts which cannot be suppressed by the traditional least‐squares reverse time migration. Also we develop a preconditioned Bregmanized operator splitting algorithm where iteratively using of a preconditioner decreases the computational burden. The proposed method is applied to a few sets of synthetic data, and results are compared with reverse time migration or least‐squares reverse time migration to verify its superiority. Numerical tests demonstrate that the proposed preconditioned Bregmanized operator splitting algorithm converges to the desired migration image in a small number of iterations.
Terrorist attacks and minority perceived discrimination
Authors: Giani Marco , Merlino Luca Paolo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA growing strand of the literature finds a causal negative impact of terrorism on undifferentiated discriminatory attitudes toward Muslims, migrants, and other minorities. In this paper, we argue that jihadist terrorism threatens first and foremost Muslims. To evaluate this claim, we estimate the causal effect of jihadist terrorism on the perceived discrimination among Muslims through a 2×2 quasi‐experimental design. Exploiting “natural experiments” driven by exogenous variation in terror threat caused by jihadist attacks that unexpectedly occurred during the fieldwork of a large survey, we compare the perceived ethoracial discrimination of the relevant minority (Muslims) against other minorities (non‐Muslims) before and after five different terror attacks in five different European countries. We find that jihadist attacks increase perceived ethnoracial discrimination among Muslims while reducing it among non‐Muslims, and that individual‐level factors including social status and economic insecurity mitigate public opinion responses to a greater extent than group‐level factors do. Hence, while in‐group attitudes toward out‐groups tend to be undifferentiated, the experience of out‐groups in the aftermath of jihadist attacks depends on the specific identity of the respondents.
“They don’t know what it’s like to be at the bottom”: Exploring the role of perceived cultural distance in less‐educated citizens’ discontent with politicians
Authors: Noordzij Kjell , de Koster Willem , van der Waal Jeroen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhy is discontent with politicians highest among less‐educated citizens? Supplementing explanations concerning a lack of resources and knowledge, we examine the cultural distance to many a politician perceived by this group. Inspired by qualitative studies mapping the worldviews of people from the lower social strata, we explore less‐educated citizens’ perceptions of politicians using in‐depth (group) interviews carried out in various regions of the Netherlands (n = 26). Our analysis indicates that this group regards politicians as culturally distant “others” and that this perception goes hand in hand with specific negative evaluations of politicians. This improves our understanding of the much‐reported political discontent of these citizens. In moving beyond the often mentioned unspecific divide between the “people” and the “elite”, our analysis reveals that our interviewees: (i) consider politicians to be insensitive to the lived experiences of the “common” people, and therefore, question their legitimacy and the policies they propose; (ii) resent their communication styles, which they describe as “beating about the bush” and perceive to be emblematic of indecisiveness and a lack of integrity; and (iii) accuse them of superiority signaling, inspiring feelings of misrecognition and opposition. We conclude with detailing the implications of our findings for (future) research.
At a glance: The impact of COVID‐19 on emergency general surgery
Authors: Aboul‐Enein Mohamed Saad , Ishak Peter , Bhambra Maninder , Ricart Pol , Al‐makdase Lisa , Mourad Moustafa , Wadley Martin , Perry Anthony 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThis study investigated the impact of COVID‐19 on emergency general surgery practice particularly on referrals, diagnosis, investigations, management pathways, outcomes, patient behaviour and consultant practice.Patients and MethodsRetrospective data collection from two cohorts: 112 patients admitted over 1 week in pre‐COVID period and 90 patients admitted over 1 week during the COVID period. A patient questionnaire and a consultant questionnaire were used to collect data on patient behaviour and consultant practice.ResultsThe COVID period saw an almost four times and seven times increase in performed X‐rays (CXRs) and CT‐thorax–abdomen–pelvis (TAPs), respectively; 6.5% increase in conservative and 6.2% reduction in surgical management; approximately 50% decline in length of stay (LoS) in conservatively managed patients; 71% of patients' decisions to attend hospital were unaffected; and 78.6% of consultant surgeons preferred to manage patients conservatively.ConclusionOverall, there were delayed hospital presentations by patients by almost twice as long, an increase in paediatric referrals, a surge in performed scans, and a reduction in hospital stay in patients managed conservatively. Patient behaviour to attend hospital was not heavily influenced by COVID, but consultant practice certainly changed towards more conservative choices. Future studies should explore the impact on paediatric referrals and long‐term effects on surgical training.
Impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on acute appendicitis in Hong Kong: Retrospective cohort study in a local cluster hospital
Authors: Ho Si‐Lyn , Lau Jun , Wang Chun‐Ting , Cheung Shuk‐Ling , Wong Ka‐Fai , Leung Siu‐Kee 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) impacted Hong Kong in early January 2020. Quarantine and social distancing measures have been implemented to prevent disease spread.Material and MethodRetrospective cohort study was carried out in our cluster to compare the acute appendicitis cases during pandemic period, January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020, with the same period 1 year before. Parameters including time of presentation, complicated appendicitis rate, operative time, post‐operative complication rate, and total length of stay were compared and analysed.ResultsA total number of 348 patients (160 in the pre‐COVID group versus 188 in the post‐COVID group) were included. There is no significant difference in basic demographics. The time of presentation was significantly longer in March (3.75 days vs 1.56 days, P = .031) and June 2020 (3.02 days vs 1.88 days, P = .026) compared with the pre‐COVID group, which correlate with the spike of local confirmed cases. There was a significantly higher incidence of complicated appendicitis (67% vs 52%, P = .028) and post‐operative complication rate (29% vs 7%, P = .042) in February post‐COVID group compare with the pre‐COVID group.ConclusionDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic period, more patients with acute appendicitis presented late to the hospital, with an increase in complicated appendicitis rate and post‐operative complication rate.
Inductive and synergistic interactions between plant allelochemical flavone and Bt toxin Cry1Ac in Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Wang Shan , Zhang Min , Huang Jinyong , Li Leyao , Huang Kaiyuan , Zhang Yuting , Li Yalu , Deng Zhongyuan , Ni Xinzhi , Li Xianchun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGenetically engineered crops simultaneously produce defensive allelochemicals and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin proteins to kill some of the world's most devastating insect pests. How the two types of toxins, when ingested sequentially or simultaneously, interact at both lethal and sublethal doses in these pests remains underexplored. Here, we examined the toxicological interactions between the Bt toxin Cry1Ac and the flavonoid allelochemical flavone in Helicoverpa armigera. Simultaneous exposure of H. armigera neonates to lethal doses (LC25) of Cry1Ac and flavone caused a mortality significantly higher than that of either toxin alone and their expected additive mortality. Preexposure for 24 h to a sublethal dose (LC10) of Cry1Ac followed by 6‐d simultaneous exposure to the same dose of Cry1Ac plus a lethal dose (1.6 mg/g diets, LC50) of flavone resulted in a mortality significantly higher than that of the LC50 dose of flavone alone and the expected additive mortality of the LC50 dose of flavone plus the LC10 dose of Cry1Ac. One‐day preexposure to the sublethal dose (LC10) of flavone followed by 6‐d simultaneous exposure to the LC50 dose (6 ng/cm2) of Cry1Ac plus the LC10 dose of flavone yielded a mortality significantly higher than that of the LC50 dose of Cry1Ac but similar to the expected additive mortality of the LC50 dose of Cry1Ac plus the LC10 dose of flavone. The results suggest that Cry1Ac induces and synergizes the toxicity of flavone against H. armigera larvae.
Is exercise a senolytic medicine? A systematic review
Authors: Chen Xiang‐Ke , Yi Zhen‐Ni , Wong Gordon Tin‐Chun , Hasan Kazi Md. Mahmudul , Kwan Joseph Shiu‐Kwong , Ma Alvin Chun‐Hang , Chang Raymond Chuen‐Chung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCellular senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest triggered by various stressors, engages in a category of pathological processes, whereby senescent cells accumulate in mitotic tissues. Senolytics as novel medicine against aging and various diseases through the elimination of senescent cells has emerged rapidly in recent years. Exercise is a potent anti‐aging and anti‐chronic disease medicine, which has shown the capacity to lower the markers of cellular senescence over the past decade. However, whether exercise is a senolytic medicine for aging and various diseases remains unclear. Here, we have conducted a systematic review of the published literature studying the senolytic effects of exercise or physical activity on senescent cells under various states in both human and animal models. Exercise can reduce the markers of senescent cells in healthy humans, while it lowered the markers of senescent cells in obese but not healthy animals. The discrepancy between human and animal studies may be due to the relatively small volume of research and the variations in markers of senescent cells, types of cells/tissues, and health conditions. These findings suggest that exercise has senolytic properties under certain conditions, which warrant further investigations.
Reducing Computed Tomography Scan Utilization for Pediatric Minor Head Injury in the Emergency Department: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Arora Rajan , White Emily N. , Niedbala Deborah , Ravichandran Yagnaram , Sethuraman Usha , Radovic Nancy , Watson Kristin , Nypaver Michele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe validated Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) prediction rules are meant to aid clinicians in safely reducing unwarranted imaging in children with minor head injuries (MHI). Even so, computed tomography (CT) scan utilization remains high, especially in intermediate‐risk (per PECARN) MHI patients. The primary objective of this quality improvement initiative was to reduce CT utilization rates in the intermediate‐risk MHI patients.MethodsThis project was conducted in a Level I trauma pediatric emergency department (ED). Children < 18 years evaluated for intermediate‐risk MHI from June 2016 through July 2019 were included. Our key drivers were provider education, decision support, and performance feedback. Our primary outcome was change in head CT utilization rate (%). Balancing measures included return visit within 72 hours of the index visit, ED length of stay (LOS), and clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI) on the revisit. We used statistical process control methodology to assess head CT rates over time.ResultsA total of 1,535 eligible intermediate‐risk MHI patients were analyzed. Our intervention bundle was associated with a decrease in CT use from 18.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.5% to 22.5%) in the preintervention period to 13.9% (95% CI = 13.8% to 14.1%) in the postintervention period, an absolute reduction of 4.6% (p = 0.015). Over time, no difference was noted in either ED LOS or return visit rate. There was only one revisit with a ciTBI to our institution during the study period.ConclusionsOur multifaceted quality improvement initiative was both safe and effective in reducing our CT utilization rates in children with intermediate‐risk MHI.