bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solving the EMI Equations using Finite Element Methods
Authors: Kuchta Miroslav , Mardal Kent-André , Rognes Marie E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter discusses 2 X 2 symmetric variational formulations and associated finite element methods for the EMI equations. We demonstrate that the presented methods converge at expected rates, and compare the approaches in terms of approximation of the transmembrane potential. Overall, the choice of which formulation to employ for solving EMI models becomes largely a matter of desired accuracy and available computational resources.
Improving Neural Simulations with the EMI Model
Authors: Buccino Alessio Paolo , Kuchta Miroslav , Schreiner Jakob , Mardal Kent-André 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMathematical modeling of neurons is an essential tool to investigate neuronal activity alongside with experimental approaches. However, the conventional modeling framework to simulate neuronal dynamics and extracellular potentials makes several assumptions that might need to be revisited for some applications. In this chapter we apply the EMI model to investigate the ephaptic effect and the effect of the extracellular probes on the measured potential. Finally, we introduce reduced EMI models, which provide a more computationally efficient framework for simulating neurons with complex morphologies.
Perturbative linearization of supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Ananth Sudarshan , Lechtenfeld Olaf , Malcha Hannes , Nicolai Hermann , Pandey Chetan , Pant Saurabh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Supersymmetric gauge theories are characterized by the existence of a transformation of the bosonic fields (Nicolai map) such that the Jacobi determinant of the transformation equals the product of the Matthews-Salam-Seiler and Faddeev-Popov determinants. This transformation had been worked out to second order in the coupling constant. In this paper, we extend this result (and the framework itself ) to third order in the coupling constant. A diagrammatic approach in terms of tree diagrams, aiming to extend this map to arbitrary orders, is outlined. This formalism bypasses entirely the use of anti-commuting variables, as well as issues concerning the (non-)existence of off-shell formulations for these theories. It thus offers a fresh perspective on supersymmetric gauge theories and, in particular, the ubiquitous $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 theory.
The topological symmetric orbifold
Authors: Li Songyuan , Troost Jan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We analyze topological orbifold conformal field theories on the symmetric product of a complex surface M. By exploiting the mathematics literature we show that a canonical quotient of the operator ring has structure constants given by Hurwitz numbers. This proves a conjecture in the physics literature on extremal correlators. Moreover, it allows to leverage results on the combinatorics of the symmetric group to compute more structure constants explicitly. We recall that the full orbifold chiral ring is given by a symmetric orbifold Frobenius algebra. This construction enables the computation of topological genus zero and genus one correlators, and to prove the vanishing of higher genus contributions. The efficient description of all topological correlators sets the stage for a proof of a topological AdS/CFT correspondence. Indeed, we propose a concrete mathematical incarnation of the proof, relating Gromow-Witten theory in the bulk to the cohomology of the Hilbert scheme on the boundary.
Dielectric loss and extended voltage response measurements for low-voltage power cables used in nuclear power plant: potential methods for aging detection due to thermal stress
Authors: Mustafa Ehtasham , Afia Ramy S. A. , Tamus Zoltán Ádám 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the effect of thermal stress on the electrical properties, conduction and polarization, of low-voltage CSPE/XLPE-based power cables used in a nuclear power plant. The cables were subjected to an accelerated thermal stress at 120°C for an equivalent service period of 20, 40, 60 and 80 years. The capacitance, tanδ, resistivity at different frequencies and extended voltage response were the methods used for the investigation. A significant variation in the values of tanδ at low frequency, i.e., at 100 Hz, was observed. For the extended voltage response measurement, the decay voltage slope increased, showing the increase in the conduction particles inside the insulation material. While the decrease in return voltage slope showed that the slow polarization processes occurring at very low frequencies were decreased with aging. A strong correlation between the tanδ and decay voltage slope was also observed, which increased as the insulation aging increased. The results showed that the methods could be used for the in situ measurement of conduction and polarization phenomenon in the low-voltage cables, and hence helping in the assessment of the condition of cable insulation.
Safety, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic characterization of vericiguat: results from six phase I studies in healthy subjects
Authors: Boettcher Michael , Thomas Dirk , Mueck Wolfgang , Loewen Stephanie , Arens Erich , Yoshikawa Kenichi , Becker Corina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To characterize the safety, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of vericiguat in healthy males.

Methods
Six phase I studies were conducted in European, Chinese, and Japanese males. Subjects received oral vericiguat as a single dose (0.5–15.0 mg solution [for first-in-human study] or 1.25–10.0 mg immediate release [IR tablets]) or multiple doses (1.25–10.0 mg IR tablets once daily [QD] or 5.0 mg IR tablets twice daily for 7 consecutive days). Bioavailability and food effects on vericiguat PK (IR tablets) were also studied in European subjects.

Results
Overall, 255 of 265 randomized subjects completed their respective studies. There were no deaths or serious adverse events. Vericiguat was generally well tolerated at doses ≤ 10.0 mg. In the first-in-human study, the most frequent drug-related adverse events were headache and postural dizziness (experienced by five subjects each [7.2%]). Three of four subjects who received vericiguat 15.0 mg (oral solution, fasted) experienced orthostatic reactions. Vericiguat (≤ 10.0 mg, IR tablets) was rapidly absorbed (median time to reach maximum plasma concentration ≤ 2.5 h [fasted]) with a mean half-life of about 22.0 h (range 17.9–27.0 h for single and multiple doses). No evidence for deviation from dose proportionality or unexpected accumulation was observed. Administration of vericiguat 5.0 mg IR tablets with food increased bioavailability by 19% (estimated ratio 119% [90% confidence interval]: 108; 131]), reduced PK variability, and prolonged vericiguat absorption relative to the fasted state.

Conclusion
In general, vericiguat was well tolerated. These results supported further clinical evaluation of vericiguat QD in patients with heart failure.

Registry numbers
EudraCT: 2011-001627-21; EudraCT: 2012-000953-30
Prediction of response and survival after standardized treatment with 7400 MBq 177Lu-PSMA-617 every 4 weeks in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Rasul Sazan , Hartenbach Markus , Wollenweber Tim , Kretschmer-Chott Elisabeth , Grubmüller Bernhard , Kramer Gero , Shariat Shahrokh , Wadsak Wolfgang , Mitterhauser Markus , Pichler Verena , Vraka Chrysoula , Hacker Marcus , Haug Alexander R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background and aims
[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy (PSMA-RLT) is a new therapy for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, identification of reliable prognostic factors is hampered by heterogeneous treatment regimens applied in previous studies. Hence, we sought clinical factors able to predict response and survival to PSMA-RLT in a homogenous group of patients, all receiving 7400 MBq every 4 weeks.

Patients and methods
Data of 61 patients (mean age 71.6 ± 6.9 years, median basal PSA 70.7 [range 1.0–4890 μg/L]), pretreated with abiraterone/enzalutamide (75.4%) and docetaxel/cabazitaxel (68.9%), received three cycles of PSMA-RLT (mean 7321 ± 592 MBq) at four weekly intervals and were analyzed retrospectively. General medical conditions and laboratory parameters of every patients were regularly assessed. Response to therapy was based on PSA levels 1 month after the 3rd cycle. Binary logistic regression test and Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to evaluate predictors and overall survival (OS).

Results
Forty-nine (80.3%) patients demonstrated a therapy response in terms of any PSA decline, while 21 (19.7%) patients showed increase or no changes in their PSA levels. Baseline hemoglobin (Hb) significantly predicted PSA reductions of ≥ 50% 4 weeks after receiving the 3rd PSMA-RLT (P = 0.01, 95% CI: 1.09–2.09) with an AUC of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.54–0.81). The levels of basal Hb and basal PSA were able to predict survival of patients, both P < 0.05 (relative risk 1.51 and 0.79, 95% CI: 1.09–2.09 and 0.43–1.46), respectively. In comparison to patients with reduced basal Hb, patients with normal basal Hb levels lived significantly longer (median survival not reached vs. 89 weeks, P = 0.016). Also, patients with basal PSA levels ≤ 650 μg/L had a significantly longer survival than patients with basal PSA levels > 650 μg/L (median survival not reached vs. 97 weeks, P = 0.031). Neither pretreatments with abiraterone/enzalutamide or docetaxel/cabazitaxel nor distribution of metastasis affected survival and rate of response to PSMA-RLT.

Conclusion
Basal Hb level is an independent predictor for therapy response and survival in patients receiving PSMA-RLT every 4 weeks. Both baseline PSA ≤ 650 μg/L and normal Hb levels were associated with longer survival.
Computed tomography semi-automated lung volume quantification in SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia
Authors: Ippolito Davide , Ragusi Maria , Gandola Davide , Maino Cesare , Pecorelli Anna , Terrani Simone , Peroni Marta , Giandola Teresa , Porta Marco , Talei Franzesi Cammillo , Sironi Sandro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate a semi-automated segmentation and ventilated lung quantification on chest computed tomography (CT) to assess lung involvement in patients affected by SARS-CoV-2. Results were compared with clinical and functional parameters and outcomes.MethodsAll images underwent quantitative analyses with a dedicated workstation using a semi-automatic lung segmentation software to compute ventilated lung volume (VLV), Ground-glass opacity (GGO) volume (GGO-V), and consolidation volume (CONS-V) as absolute volume and as a percentage of total lung volume (TLV). The ratio between CONS-V, GGO-V, and VLV (CONS-V/VLV and GGO-V/VLV, respectively), TLV (CONS-V/TLV, GGO-V/TLV, and GGO-V + CONS-V/TLV respectively), and the ratio between VLV and TLV (VLV/TLV) were calculated.ResultsA total of 108 patients were enrolled. GGO-V/TLV significantly correlated with WBC (r = 0.369), neutrophils (r = 0.446), platelets (r = 0.182), CRP (r = 0.190), PaCO2(r = 0.176), HCO3−(r = 0.284), and PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) values (r = − 0.344). CONS-V/TLV significantly correlated with WBC (r = 0.294), neutrophils (r = 0.300), lymphocytes (r = −0.225), CRP (r = 0.306), PaCO2(r = 0.227), pH (r = 0.162), HCO3−(r = 0.394), andP/F(r = − 0.419) values. Statistically significant differences between CONS-V, GGO-V, GGO-V/TLV, CONS-V/TLV, GGO-V/VLV, CONS-V/VLV, GGO-V + CONS-V/TLV, VLV/TLV, CT score, and invasive ventilation by ET were found (allp < 0.05).ConclusionThe use of quantitative semi-automated algorithm for lung CT elaboration effectively correlates the severity of SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia with laboratory parameters and the need for invasive ventilation.Key Points• Pathological lung volumes, expressed both as GGO-V and as CONS-V, can be considered a useful tool in SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia.• All lung volumes, expressed themselves and as ratio with TLV and VLV, correlate with laboratory data, in particular C-reactive protein and white blood cell count.• All lung volumes correlate with patient’s outcome, in particular concerning invasive ventilation.
Architecture distortion score (ADS) in malignancy risk stratification of architecture distortion on contrast-enhanced digital mammography
Authors: Goh Yonggeng , Chan Ching Wan , Pillay Premilla , Lee Herng-Sheng , Pan Huay-Ben , Hung Bao-Hui , Quek Swee Tian , Chou Chen-Pin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective
To develop a risk predictor model in evaluation of tomosynthesis-detected architectural distortion (AD) based on characteristics of contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM).

Methods
Ninety-four AD lesions on CEDM in combination with tomosynthesis were retrospectively reviewed from 92 consecutive women (mean age, 52.4 years ± 7.9) with abnormal diagnostic or screening mammography. CEDM results were correlated with histology of ADs using cross-tabulation for statistical analysis. Predictors for risk of malignancy from CEDM characteristics (background parenchyma enhancement, degree of AD enhancement, enhancing morphology, size of enhancement, and enhancing spiculations) and patient’s age were evaluated using logistic regression. We propose a sum score, termed AD score (ADS), for risk stratification and corresponding suggested BI-RADS category.

Results
Thirty-three of ninety-four (35.1%) of detected AD lesions were malignant. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of CEDM in evaluation of malignant AD are 100%, 42.6%, 48.5%, and 100%, respectively. Absence of AD enhancement on CEDM is highly indicative of no underlying malignancy. On multivariate analysis, the predictors on CEDM with statistical significance are (1) marked intensity of AD enhancement (OR, 22.6; 95%CI 3.1, 166.6; p = .002); and (2) presence of enhancing spiculations (OR, 9.1; 95%CI 2.2, 36.5; p = .002). A prediction model whose scores (ADS) given by ranking of OR of all predictors with AUC of 0.934 and Brier score of 0.0956 was developed.

Conclusion
ADS-based lesion characterization on CEDM enables risk assessment of tomosynthesis-detected AD lesions.

Key Points
• Architecture distortions presenting with marked enhancement intensity and presence of enhancing spiculations are highly associated with risk of malignancy.
• Absence of architecture distortion enhancement in minimal or mild background parenchyma enhancement on CEDM indicates low risk of breast malignancy (NPV = 100%).
Crustal reworking and hydration: insights from element zoning and oxygen isotopes of garnet in high-pressure rocks (Sesia Zone, Western Alps)
Authors: Alice Vho , Daniela Rubatto , Pierre Lanari , Francesco Giuntoli , Daniele Regis , Jörg Hermann 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSubduction zones represent one of the most critical settings for fluid recycling as a consequence of dehydration of the subducting lithosphere. A better understanding of fluid flows within and out of the subducting slab is fundamental to unravel the role of fluids during burial. In this study, major and trace element geochemistry combined with oxygen isotopes were used to investigate metasediments and eclogites from the Sesia Zone in order to reconstruct the effect of internal and external fluid pulses in a subducted continental margin. Garnet shows a variety of textures requiring dissolution–precipitation processes in presence of fluids. In polycyclic metasediments, garnet preserves a partly resorbed core, related to pre-Alpine high-temperature/low-pressure metamorphism, and one or multiple rim generations, associated with Alpine subduction metamorphism. In eclogites, garnet chemical zoning indicates monocyclic growth with no shift in oxygen isotopes from core to rim. In metasediments, pre-Alpine garnet relics show δ18O values up to 5.3 ‰ higher than the Alpine rims, while no significant variation is observed among different Alpine garnet generations within each sample. This suggests that an extensive re-equilibration with an externally-derived fluid of distinct lower δ18O occurred before, or in correspondence to, the first Alpine garnet growth, while subsequent influxes of fluid had δ18O close to equilibrium. The observed shift in garnet δ18O is attributed to a possible combination of (1) interaction with sea-water derived fluids during pre-Alpine crustal extension and (2) fluids from dehydration reactions occurring during subduction of previously hydrated rocks, such as the serpentinised lithospheric mantle or hydrated portions of the basement.
Multiplicative Up-Drift
Authors: Doerr Benjamin , Kötzing Timo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDrift analysis aims at translating the expected progress of an evolutionary algorithm (or more generally, a random process) into a probabilistic guarantee on its run time (hitting time). So far, drift arguments have been successfully employed in the rigorous analysis of evolutionary algorithms, however, only for the situation that the progress is constant or becomes weaker when approaching the target. Motivated by questions like how fast fit individuals take over a population, we analyze random processes exhibiting a $$(1+\delta )$$

(
1
+
δ
)

-multiplicative growth in expectation. We prove a drift theorem translating this expected progress into a hitting time. This drift theorem gives a simple and insightful proof of the level-based theorem first proposed by Lehre (2011). Our version of this theorem has, for the first time, the best-possible near-linear dependence on $$1/\delta$$

1
/
δ

(the previous results had an at least near-quadratic dependence), and it only requires a population size near-linear in $$\delta$$
δ
(this was super-quadratic in previous results). These improvements immediately lead to stronger run time guarantees for a number of applications. We also discuss the case of large $$\delta$$
δ
and show stronger results for this setting.
Silent and dangerous: catheter-associated right atrial thrombus (CRAT) in children on chronic haemodialysis
Authors: Garcia-Nicoletti Martin , Sinha Manish D. , Savis Alexandra , Adalat Shazia , Karunanithy Narayan , Calder Francis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Catheter-associated right atrial thrombus (CRAT) is a recognised complication of central venous catheter (CVC) use for haemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods
This was a single-centre retrospective longitudinal observational study of consecutive children aged 6 months–18 years over a 7-year period receiving in-centre chronic HD. Echocardiograms as per routine cardiac surveillance were performed 6 months or earlier given clinical concerns.

Results
Sixty-five children, 36 boys (55.4%), median (IQR) age 11.8 (5.3, 14.7) years, received HD for kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT). Initial modality was HD in 45 (69.2%), with CVC as initial access in 42 (93.3%) and AVF in 3 (6.7%); in the remaining 20 (30.8%) patients PD was the initial modality before switching to HD. Seven of 65 (10.8%) developed CRAT at median 2 (0.8, 8.4) months from CVC insertion, with one CRAT detected 3 days following insertion. One child had 2 episodes of CRAT and one additionally thrombosed their AVF. No patient had an underlying primary kidney disease associated with a pro-thrombotic state. Those with CRAT were younger, had more frequent CVC change and received dialysis for longer duration compared to those with no CRAT. Six episodes of CRAT (75%) received anticoagulation therapy. Infective complications were observed in 25% and catheter malfunction in 50%. Five CRAT episodes (62.5%) resulted in CVC loss. One patient died after a haemorrhagic complication of anticoagulation and sepsis, and another developed life-threatening superior vena cava obstruction syndrome. Overall mortality 14% (1/7).

Conclusions
This is the first report of CRAT in a paediatric HD population. There was ~ 11% incidence of CRAT in patients receiving chronic HD detected by surveillance echocardiography. Although frequently asymptomatic, CRAT is associated with serious sequelae. Anticoagulation and surveillance with expert echocardiography remain mainstays of management.
Graphical abstract
“Do I want to know it all?” A qualitative study of glioma patients’ perspectives on receiving information about their diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Malmström Annika , Åkesson Lisa , Milos Peter , Mudaisi Munila , Bruhn Helena , Strandeus Michael , Karlsson Marit 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Glioma patients have poor prognosis. The amount of detail of disease-related information patients wish to receive is not known. The aim of this study was to explore glioma patients’ experiences and preferences regarding receiving information on diagnosis and prognosis.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were performed with patients diagnosed with glioma. The interviews were analysed by qualitative content analysis without predefined categories by two independent coders.

Results
Ten women and 15 men, with newly diagnosed grade II–IV glioma, age 25–76 years, were interviewed. Participants’ experience on diagnosis communication was either indirect, meaning they found out their diagnosis unintentionally, e.g., from their electronic health record (EHR) instead of from their doctor, this causing anxiety and feelings of abandonment, insufficiently tailored: lacking in many aspects or individualised and compassionate. Participants generally wanted to know “the truth” about diagnosis and prognosis, but what they meant varied; some desired full honest information to allow for autonomous choices, others preferred general information without details, and some wanted no bad news at all, only positive information. Participants disclosed vulnerability after receiving their diagnosis, being cast into the unknown. They expressed a need for better everyday practical information to help create some control. Supportive staff could reduce participants’ distress.

Conclusion
There is a need to further develop and implement individually tailored information to glioma patients, both in consultations and patient-accessed EHR systems, which should have safe guards for sensitive information. Not all patients want to know it all, one size does not fit all.
Botulinum toxin therapy of dystonia
Authors: Dressler Dirk , Adib Saberi Fereshte , Rosales Raymond L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBotulinum toxin (BT) is used to treat a large number of muscle hyperactivity syndromes. Its use in dystonia, however, is still one of the most important indications for BT therapy. When BT is injected into dystonic muscles, it produces a peripheral paresis which is localised, well controllable and follows a distinct and predictable time course of around 3 months. Adverse effects are always transient and usually mild, long-term application is safe. With this profile BT can be used to treat cranial dystonia, cervical dystonia and limb dystonia including writer’s and musician's cramps. The recent introduction of BT high dose therapy also allows to treat more wide-spread dystonia including segmental and generalised dystonia. BT can easily be combined with other anti-dystonic treatments such as deep brain stimulation and intrathecal baclofen application. Best treatment results are obtained when BT therapy is integrated in the multimodal and long-term 'multilayer concept of treatment of dystonia'. The biggest challenge for the future will be to deliver state of the art BT therapy to all dystonia patients in need, regardless of whether they live in developed countries or beyond.