bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing plant phenology causes an increasing trophic mismatch in an income breeder across a wide elevational range
Authors: Rehnus Maik , Peláez Marta , Bollmann Kurt 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo avoid trophic mismatches, large herbivores should reschedule the breeding timing to keep in synchrony with the recent advance of plant phenology caused by climate change. To do so, individuals must track resources along two main non‐exclusive axes: time (rescheduling the breeding timing) and space (i.e., shifting their range). While the vast majority of studies have focused on the study of specific populations inhabiting small and homogeneous environments, little is known about the response of species across large regions with highly heterogeneous topographies. Here, we studied roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), an income breeder that has demonstrated a lack of phenotypic plasticity on birth timing in a densely forested lowland area, and evaluated its ability to track resources along a wide elevational gradient (288–2366 m a.s.l.). We used data from 8986 parturition events collected in Switzerland during the period 1971–2015. We hypothesize that the mismatch between roe deer parturition dates and peak resource availability will increase over the study period. In addition, we expect this mismatch to be larger in low areas compared to higher elevation areas. Contrary to previous studies, we did find a consistent, but small, trend toward more advance parturition dates through time across all elevations. However, this rate of advance was less than that of the plant phenology indicators, resulting in an increasing mismatch at all elevations. Parturition dates changed on average at a rate between 7.5 times slower than the growing season start and 5 times slower than the flowering start. Thus, at the lowest elevations, parturition timing has already fallen outside the optimal time window for high‐quality forage, while at high elevations, parturitions are still synchronized with the peak availability of quality forage. Our study emphasizes the need for large‐scale study designs along climatic gradients to help understand the complex relationships that shape adaptation across environments. This would allow for better understanding of how populations will respond to the new environmental conditions imposed by climate change.
Ethnic differences in association of outcomes with trimethylamine N‐oxide in acute heart failure patients
Authors: Yazaki Yoshiyuki , Aizawa Kenichi , Israr Muhammad Zubair , Negishi Keita , Salzano Andrea , Saitoh Yuka , Kimura Natsuka , Kono Ken , Heaney Liam , Cassambai Shabana , Bernieh Dennis , Lai Florence , Imai Yasushi , Kario Kazuomi , Nagai Ryozo , Ng Leong L. , Suzuki Toru 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to investigate whether ethnicity influences the associations between trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) levels and heart failure (HF) outcomes.Methods and resultsTrimethylamine N‐oxide levels were measured in two cohorts with acute HF at two sites. The UK Leicester cohort consisted mainly of Caucasian (n = 842, 77%) and South Asian (n = 129, 12%) patients, whereas patients in the Japanese cohort (n = 116, 11%) were all Japanese. The primary endpoint was the measurement of all‐cause mortality and/or HF rehospitalization within 1 year post‐admission. Association of TMAO levels with outcome was compared in the entire population and between ethnic groups after adjustment for clinical parameters. TMAO levels were significantly higher in Japanese patients [median (interquartile range): 9.9 μM (5.2–22.8)] than in Caucasian [5.9 μM (3.6–10.8)] and South Asian [4.5 μM (3.1–8.4)] (P < 0.001) patients. There were no differences in the rate of mortality and/or HF rehospitalization between the ethnic groups (P = 0.096). Overall, higher TMAO levels showed associations with mortality and/or rehospitalization after adjustment for confounders ( P = 0.002). Despite no differences between ethnicity and association with mortality/HF after adjustment (P = 0.311), only in Caucasian patients were TMAO levels able to stratify for a mortality/HF event (P < 0.001).ConclusionsDifferences were observed in the association of mortality and/or rehospitalization based on circulating TMAO levels. Elevated TMAO levels in Caucasian patients showed increased association with adverse outcomes, but not in non‐Caucasian patients.
Human identification in health care systems using mobile edge computing
Authors: Yu Wenjun , Choi Jaeho 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMobile edge computing (MEC) is a new technology that provides an IT service environment and cloud‐computing resource at the edge of the mobile network, aiming to improve the user experience by reducing latency and delivering highly efficient services. A mobile health care system is a typical case of MEC. Recent advances in mobile health technology enable us to automatically record the states and behaviors of patients in hospitals by identifying their faces. Instead of using a centralized server or cloud to process these heavy loading analyses, MEC analyzes the patients' behavior locally in their rooms to enable quick response to their accidents and reduce the storage size of large‐scale patient information. By using MEC, only one frontal face for each patient is available in the gallery to reduce the local computational power. Although a patient's face can be captured from any other pose, doing so challenges the face‐identification algorithm. Several studies have been published to solve this problem, but most of them rely on pose estimation and landmark detection. In this paper, we propose a deeper convolutional neural network to extract the pose‐invariant face features and synthesize the virtual poses simultaneously, aiming to develop a landmark‐free and pose‐estimation‐free frontal‐face synthesis system. The deeper network was divided into multiple overlapped local networks, each one trained to synthesize a small pose change, such as one larger than 45°to30°. The local networks were jointly trained to synthesize the frontal face from a nonfrontal pose in a progressive manner. By stacking multiple local networks, we were able to extract more robust pose‐invariant features, to generate multiple virtual poses before the frontal face was synthesized. The pose‐invariant features and virtual poses were incorporated to identify the face across poses. The proposed method was evaluated on the CAS‐PEAL dataset with 16 layers and fine‐tuned on the FERET dataset with 12 layers. The experimental results showed our network achieved impressive performance for pose‐unconstrained face recognition, which can be applied for human identification in healthcare systems using MEC.
Employment‐Based, For‐Profit Health Care in a Pandemic
Authors: Kolmes Sara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe emergence of Covid‐19 in the United States has revealed a critical weakness in the health care system in the United States. The majority of people in the nation receive health care via employment‐based health insurance from providers in a competitive market. However, neither employment‐based health care nor a competitive health care market can adequately provide treatment during a global pandemic. Employment‐based health care will fail to provide care for a large number of people in any destabilizing economic event, including a pandemic. Competitive for‐profit health care systems distribute limited goods based on markets rather than health care needs. If a global pandemic results in unusually high demand for specific medical supplies, then these will be distributed suboptimally. The combined risk of suboptimal distribution of needed goods and a significant drop in health care access in a global pandemic indicates that the U.S. health care system has serious vulnerabilities that need to be addressed.
The Future of Bioethics: It Shouldn't Take a Pandemic
Authors: Churchill Larry R. , King Nancy M. P. , Henderson Gail E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic has concentrated bioethics attention on the “lifeboat ethics” of rationing and fair allocation of scarce medical resources, such as testing, intensive care unit beds, and ventilators. This focus drives ethics resources away from persistent and systemic problems—in particular, the structural injustices that give rise to health disparities affecting disadvantaged communities of color. Bioethics, long allied with academic medicine and highly attentive to individual decision‐making, has largely neglected its responsibility to address these difficult “upstream” issues. It is time to broaden our teaching, research, and practice to match the breadth of the field in order to help address these significant societal inequities and unmet health needs.
Mega‐analysis methods in ENIGMA: The experience of the generalized anxiety disorder working group
Authors: Zugman André , Harrewijn Anita , Cardinale Elise M. , Zwiebel Hannah , Freitag Gabrielle F. , Werwath Katy E. , Bas‐Hoogendam Janna M. , Groenewold Nynke A. , Aghajani Moji , Hilbert Kevin , Cardoner Narcis , Porta‐Casteràs Daniel , Gosnell Savannah , Salas Ramiro , Blair Karina S. , Blair James R. , Hammoud Mira Z. , Milad Mohammed , Burkhouse Katie , Phan K. Luan , Schroeder Heidi K. , Strawn Jeffrey R. , Beesdo‐Baum Katja , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Grabe Hans J. , Van der Auwera Sandra , Wittfeld Katharina , Nielsen Jared A. , Buckner Randy , Smoller Jordan W. , Mwangi Benson , Soares Jair C. , Wu Mon‐Ju , Zunta‐Soares Giovana B. , Jackowski Andrea P. , Pan Pedro M. , Salum Giovanni A. , Assaf Michal , Diefenbach Gretchen J. , Brambilla Paolo , Maggioni Eleonora , Hofmann David , Straube Thomas , Andreescu Carmen , Berta Rachel , Tamburo Erica , Price Rebecca , Manfro Gisele G. , Critchley Hugo D. , Makovac Elena , Mancini Matteo , Meeten Frances , Ottaviani Cristina , Agosta Federica , Canu Elisa , Cividini Camilla , Filippi Massimo , Kostić Milutin , Munjiza Ana , Filippi Courtney A. , Leibenluft Ellen , Alberton Bianca A. V. , Balderston Nicholas L. , Ernst Monique , Grillon Christian , Mujica‐Parodi Lilianne R. , van Nieuwenhuizen Helena , Fonzo Gregory A. , Paulus Martin P. , Stein Murray B. , Gur Raquel E. , Gur Ruben C. , Kaczkurkin Antonia N. , Larsen Bart , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Harper Jennifer , Myers Michael , Perino Michael T. , Yu Qiongru , Sylvester Chad M. , Veltman Dick J. , Lueken Ulrike , Van der Wee Nic J. A. , Stein Dan J. , Jahanshad Neda , Thompson Paul M. , Pine Daniel S. , Winkler Anderson M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ENIGMA group on Generalized Anxiety Disorder (ENIGMA‐Anxiety/GAD) is part of a broader effort to investigate anxiety disorders using imaging and genetic data across multiple sites worldwide. The group is actively conducting a mega‐analysis of a large number of brain structural scans. In this process, the group was confronted with many methodological challenges related to study planning and implementation, between‐country transfer of subject‐level data, quality control of a considerable amount of imaging data, and choices related to statistical methods and efficient use of resources. This report summarizes the background information and rationale for the various methodological decisions, as well as the approach taken to implement them. The goal is to document the approach and help guide other research groups working with large brain imaging data sets as they develop their own analytic pipelines for mega‐analyses.
Synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinomas with differing histologies
Authors: Shigehisa Ryu , Karashima Takashi , Kobayashi Shu , Atagi Kaya , Takemori Daigo , Fukuhara Hideo , Fukata Satoshi , Murakami Ichiro , Kuroda Naoto , Inoue Keiji 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionBilateral renal cell carcinomas with different histological types are rare. We report herein the first description of bilateral renal carcinomas with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma occurring synchronously.Case presentationA 62‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital with bilateral renal tumors. The tumors on each side showed different findings from both contrast‐enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The tumors were partially resected. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of the left renal tumor diagnosed clear cell renal carcinoma. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of the right renal tumor diagnosed mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma.ConclusionWe encountered a case with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma occurring simultaneously in bilateral kidneys.
Novel color center platforms enabling fundamental scientific discovery
Authors: Norman Victoria A. , Majety Sridhar , Wang Zhipan , Casey William H. , Curro Nicholas , Radulaski Marina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractColor centers are versatile systems that generate quantum light, sense magnetic fields and produce spin‐photon entanglement. We review how these properties have pushed the limits of fundamental knowledge in a variety of scientific disciplines, from rejecting local‐realistic theories to sensing superconducting phase transitions. In the light of recent progress in material processing and device fabrication, we identify new opportunities for interdisciplinary fundamental discoveries in physics and geochemistry.
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Tooth sealing formulation with bacteria‐killing surface and on‐demand ion release/recharge inhibits early childhood caries key pathogens
Authors: Ibrahim Maria Salem , Balhaddad Abdulrahman A. , Garcia Isadora M. , Hefni Eman , Collares Fabricio M. , Martinho Frederico C. , Weir Michael D. , Xu Hockin H. K. , Melo Mary Anne S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHerein, we investigated a biointeractive tooth sealing material consisted of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (NACPs) to address the above issues simultaneously. Of note, 5% DMAHDM was incorporated into the resin blend, and 20% NACP was added to inorganic filler content of dental formulations intended as dental sealants. The sealing materials were used to seal human extracted teeth. The sealed teeth were subjected to an early childhood caries (ECC) key pathogen (Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans) biofilm model using a dynamic caries tooth model (CDC reactor). The biofilm growth over the sealed teeth was assessed via colony‐forming unit counting metabolic activity assays. The enamel surface hardness loss, degree of conversion, shear bond strength (SBS), and cytotoxicity were also investigated. Formulations having DMAHDM displayed antibacterial efficiency of 2.8–3.5 and 1.4–4.0 log inhibition for Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, respectively. Furthermore, the metabolic activity was reduced on the top of the sealed tooth with the biointeractive sealing materials (p < .05). The degree of conversion values was acceptable. The enamel surface hardness loss decreases (36 ± 9.8%) when in contact with the biointeractive tooth sealing material. The SBS of the combined formulation (5% DMAHDM + 20% NACP) was lower than commercial sealant but similar to experimental control. The investigated sealing material holds valuable dual antibacterial and antifungal activities associated with a reduced mineral loss against the cariogenic challenge promoted by ECC key pathogens.
Extraction of phenolic acids from ancient wheat bran samples by ultrasound application
Authors: Cengiz Mehmet Fatih , Babacan Umit , Akinci Ersin , Tuncer Kesci Sude , Kaba Adem 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDWheat bran contains high levels of phenolic acids having important roles in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, heart condition and many cancer diseases. Ancient wheats contain high levels of these valuable ingredients. Therefore, an ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) technique was optimized using response surface methodology for the extraction of major phenolic acids (ferulic, salicylic, 2‐hydroxycinnamic, p‐coumaric, t‐ferulic, caffeic and vanillic acids) from bran layers of some important ancient wheat species. Optimum combinations were determined for each phenolic acid.RESULTSVarious experimental conditions, extraction time (5.86–34.14 min) and temperature variation (21.71–78.28 °C) were examined to optimize the UAE. Solvent type (ethanol, methanol and acetone) and solid‐to‐liquid ratio (1/90–1/30) were also evaluated. Among the solvent types, the highest extraction yield was obtained in ethanol for all analyzed phenolic acids. Extraction temperature of 44.57 °C and extraction time of 23.00 min were found to be an optimal combination for multiple response prediction. To evaluate the usefulness of the method, 18 ancient wheat (einkorn and emmer wheat) bran samples were analyzed. Various levels of individual phenolic acids were detected in the samples.CONCLUSIONSAnalytical conditions giving the highest amount of each phenolic acid were determined in the study. The method can be a good choice because of its simplicity, rapid processing time and low solvent requirements. UAE could be considered in the food, nutrition and pharmaceutical industries for the extraction of some valuable phenolic acids. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in Human Well‐being in the Final Phase of Conflict: Evidence from Northern Uganda
Authors: Tseng Fu‐Min 
Published: June 2020

AbstractArmed conflict devastated Northern Uganda for almost two decades and caused enormous losses of life and human well‐being. Rebuilding a society requires massive resources, which can cause a heavy economic burden especially in low‐income countries. Understanding changes in well‐being before the start of redevelopment plans can reduce the misallocation of resources. This study estimates changes in well‐being in the final phase of conflict. The result shows that the incidence of self‐reported illness drops significantly by 9.1 per cent and food consumption per capita increases by 37.1 per cent. The utilisation of health care shifts 13.7 per cent of visits to private from public when people choose formal providers. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting: from evolution to clinical applications
Authors: Hsieh Jean J. L. , Svalbe Imants 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2013, Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) emerged as a method for fast, quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This paper reviews the current status of MRF up to early 2020 and aims to highlight the advantages MRF can offer medical imaging professionals. By acquiring scan data as pseudorandom samples, MRF elicits a unique signal evolution, or ‘fingerprint’, from each tissue type. It matches ‘randomised’ free induction decay acquisitions against pre‐computed simulated tissue responses to generate a set of quantitative images of T1, T2 and proton density (PD) with co‐registered voxels, rather than as traditional relative T1‐ and T2‐weighted images. MRF numeric pixel values retain accuracy and reproducibility between 2% and 8%. MRF acquisition is robust to strong undersampling of k‐space. Scan sequences have been optimised to suppress sub‐sampling artefacts, while artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques have been employed to increase matching speed and precision. MRF promises improved patient comfort with reduced scan times and fewer image artefacts. Quantitative MRF data could be used to define population‐wide numeric biomarkers that classify normal versus diseased tissue. Certification of clinical centres for MRF scan repeatability would permit numeric comparison of sequential images for any individual patient and the pooling of multiple patient images across large, cross‐site imaging studies. MRF has to date shown promising results in early clinical trials, demonstrating reliable differentiation between malignant and benign prostate conditions, and normal and sclerotic hippocampal tissue. MRF is now undergoing small‐scale trials at several sites across the world; moving it closer to routine clinical application.
Commentary on the Special Issue on Moral Injury: Leveraging Existing Constructs to Test the Heuristic Model of Moral Injury
Authors: Zalta Alyson K. , Held Philip 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe literature on moral injury (MI) is currently undermined by the lack of clear boundaries regarding the construct and a dearth of research on the processes by which potentially morally injurious events lead to MI. The heuristic continuum model of moral stressors proposes ways of distinguishing between moral frustrations, moral distress, and MI. In this commentary, we highlight five testable principles that can be derived from the heuristic model and evaluated using well‐established constructs. Specifically, we describe meaningful distinctions between guilt and shame and address how these moral emotions can be used to distinguish between moral distress and MI. We also describe the potential role of event‐related rumination, shame proneness, and cognitive flexibility in the development of MI following exposure to potentially morally injurious events. We believe that these principles offer critical next steps for the advancement of the MI field and illustrate how MI research can be generalized beyond the military context.
Incidence Rates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Over a 17‐Year Period in Active Duty Military Service Members
Authors: Judkins Jason L. , Moore Brian A. , Collette Tyler L. , Hale Willie J. , Peterson Alan L. , Morissette Sandra B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects approximately 8% of the general population. The prevalence of PTSD is twice as high in active duty service members and military veterans. Few studies have investigated the incidence rates of PTSD in active duty military personnel. The present study evaluated the incidence of PTSD diagnoses and the differences between demographic factors for service members between 2001 and 2017. Data on 182,400 active duty service members between 2001 and 2017 were drawn from the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database and examined by sex, age, service branch, military pay grade, marital status, and race. From 2001 to 2017, the incidence rates of PTSD in the active force (per 1,000 service members) steadily climbed, with a low of 1.24 in 2002 to a high of 12.94 in 2016. Service members most often diagnosed with PTSD were in the U.S. Army, with the enlisted pay grades of E‐5–E‐9, White, married, male, and between 20 and 24 years old. Statistically significant differences, ps < .001, were found between observed and expected counts across all examined demographic variables. The present study is the first to our knowledge to provide a comprehensive examination of PTSD incidence rates in an active duty military population.