bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for efficient fermentation of cellulose
Authors: Oh Eun Joong , Jin Yong-Su 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels using microbial fermentation is an attractive option to substitute petroleum-based production economically and sustainably. The substantial efforts to design yeast strains for biomass hydrolysis have led to industrially applicable biological routes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a robust microbial platform widely used in biofuel production, based on its amenability to systems and synthetic biology tools. The critical challenges for the efficient microbial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass by engineered S. cerevisiae include heterologous expression of cellulolytic enzymes, co-fermentation of hexose and pentose sugars, and robustness against various stresses. Scientists developed many engineering strategies for cellulolytic S. cerevisiae strains, bringing the application of consolidated bioprocess at an industrial scale. Recent advances in the development and implementation of engineered yeast strains capable of assimilating lignocellulose will be reviewed.
The genetic composition of feeding aggregations of the Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in the central north Atlantic: a microsatellite loci approach
Authors: Gíslason Davið , Helyar Sarah J , Óskarsson Guðmundur J , Ólafsdóttir Guðbjörg , Slotte Aril , Jansen Teunis , Jacobsen Jan Arge , Ólafsson Kristinn , Skirnisdottir Sigurlaug , Dahle Geir , Siegstad Helle , Joensen Hóraldur , Curti Kiersten L , Grégoire François , Masse Jacques , Sveinsson Sæmundur , Daníelsdóttir Anna Kristín , Pampoulie Christophe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems can be seen in the changing distribution, migration, and abundance of species in the oceans. For some species this changing environment may be beneficial and can support population expansions. In the northeast Atlantic (NEA), the Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) is undergoing an increase in stock size accompanied by changing summer migration patterns, which have resulted in an expansion further north and north west than previously recorded. This study uses microsatellite loci to confirm the differentiation among NEA and northwest Atlantic (NWA) mackerel spawning populations and to assess the level of structuring within these populations. In addition, to enable population-specific exploitation rates to be factored into fisheries management, we identified the origin of individuals composing the expanding feeding aggregations in the central north Atlantic (Greenland, Iceland, Faroes), with all aggregations tested originating from spawning populations in the NEA. This study showed that microsatellite loci were useful to assess the contribution of NEA and NWA populations to mixed feeding aggregations across the north Atlantic for large pelagic fish stocks but were not powerful enough to evaluate the specific contribution of known stocks within NEA and NWA.
Platypnea–orthodeoxia syndrome after pulmonary wedge resection in a patient with severe scoliosis
Authors: Donghi Stefano Maria , Sedda Giulia , Guarize Juliana , Spaggiari Lorenzo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Platypnea–orthodeoxia is a rare syndrome characterized by dyspnoea and arterial desaturation, exacerbated by an upright position and relieved when the subject is recumbent. We report on a unique case of a patient with severe scoliosis who presented with several episodes of arterial desaturation after right pulmonary wedge resection.
Antimicrobial stewardship failure: time for a new model
Authors: O’Sullivan Cathal E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
There are now 10 years of national antimicrobial consumption data in Ireland. Despite the creation of an ‘antimicrobial stewardship and infection control industrial complex’ over this period, the data demonstrate a 16% increase in consumption nationally. Given the ongoing challenges with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and Clostridioides difficile within the acute hospital system, the data point to the ineffectiveness of the national antimicrobial stewardship programme/model. A different model of antimicrobial stewardship is therefore needed. This new model is one based around the collection and dissemination of physician-specific consumption, together with greater education of clinicians in the management of infections. By shining a light on individual clinician antibiotic prescribing, outlier identification, along with peer to peer (or clinician to clinician) pressure, can be brought to bear on the problem and shift the emphasis from the current ‘policing’ oversight, to self-regulation instead.
The algorithm used for the interpretation of doravirine transmitted drug resistance strongly influences clinical practice and guideline recommendations
Authors: Guerrero-Beltrán Carlos , Martínez-Sanz Javier , Álvarez Marta , Olalla Julián , García-Álvarez Mónica , Iribarren Jose Antonio , Masiá Mar , Montero Marta , García-Bujalance Silvia , Blanco José Ramón , Rivero María , García-Fraile Lucio Jesús , Espinosa Núria , Rodríguez Carmen , Aguilera Antonio , Vidal-Ampurdanes María Carmen , Martínez Marina , Iborra Asunción , Imaz Arkaitz , Gómez-Sirvent Juan Luis , Peraire Joaquim , Portilla Joaquín , Caballero Estrella , Alejos Belén , García Federico , Moreno Santiago ,   on behalf of CoRIS
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We report the results of the reverse transcriptase (RT)/protease (PR) transmitted drug resistance (TDR) prevalence study in 2018, focusing on doravirine resistance-associated mutations and the differences observed when Stanford or French National Agency for AIDS Research (ANRS)/Spanish Network of AIDS Research (RIS)/IAS-USA resistance interpretation algorithms are used to describe clinically relevant resistance.

Methods
We used the WHO 2009 list to investigate the prevalence of NNRTI, NRTI and PI TDR, in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients, adding mutations E138A/G/K/Q/R, V106I, V108I, V179L, G190Q, H221Y, F227C/L/V, M230IDR, L234I, P236L and Y318F in RT. The prevalence of doravirine resistance-associated mutations, as described by Soulie et al. in 2019, was evaluated. Clinically relevant TDR was investigated using the latest versions of ANRS, RIS, IAS-USA and Stanford algorithms.

Results
NNRTI mutations were detected in 82 of 606 (13.5%) patients. We found 18 patients (3.0%) with NRTI mutations and 5 patients (0.8%) with PI mutations. We detected 11 patients harbouring doravirine resistance-associated mutations (prevalence of 1.8%). Furthermore, we observed important differences in clinically relevant resistance to doravirine when ANRS/RIS (0.7%), IAS-USA (0.5%) or Stanford algorithms (5.0%) were used. V106I, which was detected in 3.8% of the patients, was the main mutation driving these differences. V106I detection was not associated with any of the clinical, demographic or virological characteristics of the patients.

Conclusions
The prevalence of NRTI and PI TDR remains constant in Spain. Doravirine TDR is very infrequent by RIS/ANRS/IAS-USA algorithms, in contrast with results using the Stanford algorithm. Further genotype–phenotype studies are necessary to elucidate the role of V106I in doravirine resistance.
RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of a Quaternary Mixture of Propyphenazone, Flavoxate HCl and Two of Their Official Impurities with Dissolution Profiling of Their Tablets
Authors: El-Ragehy Nariman A , Ramadan Nesrin K , Ragab Mona T , El-Zeany Badr A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Determination of different drugs in the presence of their impurities is now receiving attention from regulatory authorities such as the ICH and the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA).

Objective
To develop and validate a reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC method for the simultaneous separation and quantification of a quaternary mixture of propyphenazone, flavoxate HCl, and their official impurities; phenazone and 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid, respectively. Then utilize the validated method as an in vitro methodology to monitor the rate of release of the active ingredients from Cistalgan® tablets.

Methods
RP-HPLC method was applied using Kinetex® coreshell C8 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm I.D., particle size 5 μm) and acetonitrile: phosphate buffer pH 3.50 (42:58, v/v) as the mobile phase with UV detection at 240.0 nm.

Results
The studied components were eluted with average retention times of 2.80, 3.40, 4.20, and 5.90 min for phenazone, flavoxate HCl, 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid, and propyphenazone, respectively within linearity range of 1.00–60.00 µg/mL propyphenazone, 3.00–60.00 µg/mL flavoxate HCl and 0.50–40.00 µg/mL of the specified impurities.

Conclusions
The suggested method could be considered as the first validated analytical method for the simultaneous determination of the studied components and proved to be accurate, precise, sensitive, and robust.

Highlights
The proposed method displays a useful analytical tool for dissolution profiling and clear discrimination of both active ingredients from their impurities along with impurities profiling.
Effect of feeding barley or corn silage with dry-rolled barley, corn, or a blend of barley and corn grain on rumen fermentation, total tract digestibility, and nitrogen balance for finishing beef heifers
Authors: Johnson Jordan A , Sutherland Brittney D , McKinnon John J , McAllister Tim A , Penner Gregory B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Five ruminally cannulated heifers were used in an incomplete 6 × 6 Latin square design to determine the effects of cereal silage (barley vs. corn), cereal grain (barley vs. corn vs. a 50:50 blend of barley and corn), and their interaction (S × G) on dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, total tract digestibility, nitrogen balance, and in situ degradation. Corn silage (CS) or barley silage (BS) was included at 8% of dietary dry matter (DM). Within each silage source, diets contained (DM basis) either dry-rolled barley (BG; 86%), dry-rolled corn (CG; 85%), or an equal blend of barley and corn (BLEND; 85%). Periods were 25 d, with 5 d of dietary transition, 13 d of dietary adaptation, and 7 d of data and sample collection. Samples collected included feed and refusals, total urine and feces, and ruminal fluid. All data were analyzed using the Mixed model of SAS with the fixed effects of silage, grain, and the S × G. Dry matter intake (P ≥ 0.19) and mean ruminal pH (P ≥ 0.096) were not affected by the silage, grain, or S × G. Total short-chain fatty acid concentrations were greater for BLEND than BG or CG (grain, P = 0.003) and for CS (silage, P = 0.009) relative to BS. The molar proportion of acetate was greater for BS-BG and BS-CG (S × G, P &lt; 0.001), while molar proportion of propionate was greater for CS-BG (S × G, P &lt; 0.001) relative to other silage and grain source combinations. Rumen ammonia-N concentration was greater for CG than BG, or BLEND (grain, P &lt; 0.001), and greater for CS compared to BS (silage, P = 0.023). Apparent total tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, starch, and gross energy were greatest for BG (grain, P ≤ 0.035). Digestible energy content (Mcal/kg) was greater for BG (grain, P = 0.029) than CG and BLEND. Total nitrogen retention (g/d and % of intake) was greatest for CS-BG (S × G, P ≤ 0.033) relative to all other treatments. In situ degradation rates of DM, crude protein, and starch were greater for BG than CG (P ≤ 0.004). The potentially degradable fraction of DM, crude protein, and starch was greater for CG (P ≤ 0.031), while the undegradable fraction was greater for BG (P ≤ 0.046). For silage sources, CS had greater 24 h in situ DM digestibility (P = 0.009) and starch digestibility (24, 48, and 72 h incubations, P ≤ 0.034) relative to BS. Results suggest that while feeding a combination of CS and BG promotes propionate production and greater N retention; few other additive effects were observed.
The constitutive high-affinity Met-binding site in the kringle domain is dispensable for the signalling activity of hepatocyte growth factor
Authors: Umitsu Masataka , Sakai Katsuya , Tamura-Kawakami Keiko , Matsumoto Kunio , Takagi Junichi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractActivation of a tyrosine kinase receptor Met by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) requires binding of proteolytically activated, two-chain (tc) HGF, but the biochemical detail of this ligand–receptor interaction specificity remains elusive because biologically inactive single chain (sc) HGF can also bind to Met with high affinity. We found that this proteolysis-independent Met binding can be eliminated by mutagenesis introduced in the kringle domain without losing the ability to bind and activate cellular Met receptor after proteolytic activation, arguing against this site’s involvement in the physiological signalling. This non-signal producing Met–HGF interaction can also be eliminated by addition of a heparin mimetic sucrose octasulphate (SOS). By including SOS in the running buffer, we succeeded in detecting cleavage-dependent tcHGF–Met complex formation by size exclusion chromatography.
Cost-Effectiveness and Quality-Adjusted Survival of Watch and Wait After Complete Response to Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Miller Jacob A , Wang Hannah , Chang Daniel T , Pollom Erqi L 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. There is interest in deescalating local therapy after a clinical complete response to CRT. We hypothesized that a watch-and-wait (WW) strategy offers comparable cancer-specific survival, superior quality-adjusted survival, and reduced cost compared with upfront TME.MethodsWe developed a decision-analytic model to compare WW, low anterior resection, and abdominoperineal resection for patients achieving a clinical complete response to CRT. Rates of local regrowth, pelvic recurrence, and distant metastasis were derived from series comparing WW with TME after pathologic complete response. Lifetime incremental costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) were calculated between strategies, and sensitivity analyses were performed to study model uncertainty.ResultsThe base case 5-year cancer-specific survival was 93.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 91.5% to 94.9%) on a WW program compared with 95.9% (95% CI = 93.6% to 97.4%) after upfront TME. WW was dominant relative to low anterior resection, with cost savings of $28 500 (95% CI = $22 200 to $39 000) and incremental QALY of 0.527 (95% CI = 0.138 to 1.125). WW was also dominant relative to abdominoperineal resection, with a cost savings of $32 100 (95% CI = $21 800 to $49 200) and incremental QALY of 0.601 (95% CI = 0.213 to 1.208). WW remained dominant in sensitivity analysis unless the rate of surgical salvage fell to 73.0%.ConclusionsUsing current multi-institutional recurrence estimates, we observed comparable cancer-specific survival, superior quality-adjusted survival, and decreased costs with WW compared with upfront TME. Upfront TME was preferred when surgical salvage rates were low.
Association of Routine Chlamydia trachomatis Screening During Pregnancy and Seroprevalence of Chlamydial Infection in Children, 1991–2015
Authors: Banniettis Natalie , Wisecup Kimberly , Boland Leah , Watanabe Izumi , Hammerschlag Margaret R , Kohlhoff Stephan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We performed a seroepidemiologic study of sera from children in Brooklyn, New York, before and after the implementation of prenatal chlamydial screening almost 20% of children aged ≤10 years in the prescreening group had anti-Chlamydia trachomatis immunoglobulin G compared with none in the postscreening group.
Against Abandonment Activist-Humanitarian Responses to LGBT Refugees in Athens and Beirut
Authors: Reda Ali , Proudfoot Philip 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article compares lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) ‘activist-humanitarianism’ in Beirut and Athens. In both locations, ‘out’ or ‘outed’ refugees endure a unique combination of structural and physical violence. In response, LGBT activists and their allies have established grassroots aid and solidarity networks. In Beirut, we examine an LGBT-advocacy non-governmental organization (NGO) that offers legal aid and training to LGBT refugees and Lebanese citizens. In Athens, we consider two self-organized horizontalist support groups. From a comparative ethnographic perspective, we explore how each sought to improve the wellbeing of LGBT refugees. We conclude that, while the structural limitations of ‘neoliberalism’ and ‘NGO-ization’ frustrated the emergence of a fully alternative activist-orientated humanitarianism, the groups nonetheless produced significant but ‘unintended’ impacts on refugee lives. Even if our informants felt much of the organizations’ activities and training sessions were ineffective, they nonetheless harnessed marginal aspects of the projects, such as the provision of space for collective organizing. Through appropriating these spaces for their own means, they went on to build practical solidarity and develop a political critique of their predicaments as refugees.
FIT, a regulatory hub for iron deficiency and stress signaling in roots, and FIT-dependent and -independent gene signatures
Authors: Schwarz Birte , Bauer Petra 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Iron (Fe) is vital for plant growth. Plants balance the beneficial and toxic effects of this micronutrient, and tightly control Fe uptake and allocation. Here, we review the role of the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor FIT (FER-LIKE FE DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR) in Fe acquisition. FIT is not only essential, it is also a central regulatory hub in root cells to steer and adjust the rate of Fe uptake by the root in a changing environment. FIT regulates a subset of root Fe deficiency (–Fe) response genes. Based on a combination of co-expression network and FIT-dependent transcriptome analyses, we defined a set of FIT-dependent and FIT-independent gene expression signatures and co-expression clusters that encode specific functions in Fe regulation and Fe homeostasis. These gene signatures serve as markers to integrate novel regulatory factors and signals into the –Fe response cascade. FIT forms a complex with bHLH subgroup Ib transcription factors. Furthermore, it interacts with key regulators from different signaling pathways that either activate or inhibit FIT function to adjust Fe acquisition to growth and environmental constraints. Co-expression clusters and FIT protein interactions suggest a connection of –Fe with ABA responses and root cell elongation processes that can be explored in future studies.
Nothing According to Anselm and Michael Ende’s The Neverending Story
Authors: Gallagher Joel R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Anselm uniquely examined the concept of nothing in a number of his works. In his analyses, he appeared to argue that the intelligibility of concrete existence was evidence of God’s existence and that the possible ‘existence’ of nothing, or inexistence, was an absurd, unintelligible, impossible reality, as was a theoretical, unintelligible existence. A similar argument was uniquely presented in Michael Ende’s The Neverending Story. This article examines Anselm’s analysis of nothing in conjunction with Ende’s ‘The Nothing’ and illustrates how Ende’s presentation can assist in understanding Anselm’s explanations of nothing and how Anselm’s ideas can offer insights into elements of Ende’s novel.
On the complexity of index sets for finite predicate logic programs which allow function symbols
Authors: Cenzer D , Marek V W , Remmel J B 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe study the recognition problem in the metaprogramming of finite normal predicate logic programs. That is, let $\mathcal{L}$ be a computable first-order predicate language with infinitely many constant symbols and infinitely many $n$-ary predicate symbols and $n$-ary functions symbols for all $n \geq 1$. Then we can effectively list all the finite normal predicate logic programs $Q_0,Q_1,\ldots $ over $\mathcal{L}$. Given some property $\mathcal{P}$ of finite normal predicate logic programs over $\mathcal{L}$, we define the index set $I_{\mathcal{P}}$ to be the set of indices $e$ such that $Q_e$ has property $\mathcal{P}$. We classify the complexity of the index set $I_{\mathcal{P}}$ within the arithmetic hierarchy for various natural properties of finite predicate logic programs. For example, we determine the complexity of the index sets relative to all finite predicate logic programs and relative to certain special classes of finite predicate logic programs of properties such as (i) having no stable models, (ii) having no recursive stable models, (iii) having at least one stable model, (iv) having at least one recursive stable model, (v) having exactly $c$ stable models for any given positive integer $c$, (vi) having exactly $c$ recursive stable models for any given positive integer $c$, (vii) having only finitely many stable models, (viii) having only finitely many recursive stable models, (ix) having infinitely many stable models and (x) having infinitely many recursive stable models.
Dementia in an Aging World
Authors: Fritze Thomas , Fink Anne , Doblhammer Gabriele 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Both developed and developing countries are facing economic and social challenges posed by an aging population. Dementia is one of the most common diseases in old age and has major consequences for society. In 2013, an estimated 44.4 million people worldwide suffered from dementia, and this number is expected to increase to 135.5 million by 2050. The current worldwide costs of dementia have been estimated at $604 billion, primarily due to the high demand for care. There is no known cure for dementia; however, positive developments with respect to lifestyle and recognizing risk factors in young and middle ages might have positive long-term effects on the risk of dementia in old age. Prevention and adequate medical treatment of these risk factors might help postpone dementia into higher ages. In addition, assistive technologies may help to mitigate the family and caregiver burden.
Shaping the Development and Use of Intelligent Assistive Technologies in Dementia
Authors: Hildt Elisabeth 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter aims to offer some general thoughts on the development and use of intelligent assistive technologies in dementia. Based on an analysis of ethical principles and concepts, guidelines, recommendations, and codes of conduct in the field broadly construed, the text argues for an approach that takes the user perspective, in particular the users’ abilities, wishes, and goals, more clearly into consideration in intelligent assistive technology development and use. Although the reflections may have implications for caregivers, family members, and others involved in the care of persons with dementia, they are not so much intended to guide individual, patient-directed decision making as to address future directions for technology development and use in a more general way.