bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The miracle role of lattice imperfections in benzene alkylation with methanol over mordenite
Authors: Yun Hongfei , Meng Jiale , Li Guixian , Dong Peng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMordenite (MOR) has demonstrated potential as a catalyst for alkylation due to high variability, intrinsic porosity, and outstanding stability. However, the contact probability of benzene and methanol has been limited by typical layered structures of MOR and there is no connection between layers. Here, we report the preparedness of H‐MOR via a sequential post‐treatment method based on a commercial MOR. H‐MOR sample had appeared lattice imperfections inferred from characterization means. The samples were tested with benezene methylation reaction. Results show that the high conversion of benzene and the high selectivity of toluene were obtained from the miracle role of lattice imperfections in the H‐MOR sample. Sequentially, based on the study of all catalyst structure and physical properties, a plausible reaction mechanism for the selectivity of the desired toluene was proposed.
Janus kinase inhibitors: A therapeutic strategy for cancer and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Hosseini Arezoo , Gharibi Tohid , Marofi Faroogh , Javadian Mahsa , Babaloo Zohreh , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany cytokines are crucial drivers of cancers and autoimmune conditions. These proteins bind to receptors and signal their responses through Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways. Genetic variations in the JAK–STAT pathway are correlated with the increased risk of cancers, autoimmunity as well as inflammatory diseases. Targeting JAKs and STATs can be a safe and efficacious strategy for treating these diseases. Tofacitinib, as the first JAK inhibitor, is approved for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Also, many other JAK inhibitors have been proven or are in various phases of clinical trials for various diseases. At present, small‐molecule JAK inhibitors are considered as a novel category of drugs in the treatment of cancer and immune‐mediated diseases.
Ellis‐van Creveld syndrome: Report of a case and recurrent variant
Authors: Eftekhariyazdi Mitra , Meshkani Mahshid , Moslem Alireza , Hakimi Pooria , Safari Shamsi , Khaligh Ali , Zare‐Abdollahi Davood 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundEllis‐van Creveld syndrome (EvCS) is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia that is characterized by short stature, short limbs, short ribs, polydactyly and structural heart defect. Despite locus heterogeneity, in the majority of the cases, the disorder segregates with mutations in the EVC and EVC2 genes, notably mutations with truncating protein as a final sequence. In the present study, we report the prenatal findings and genetic analysis of a terminated pregnancy affected by severe thoracic and skeletal dysplasia.MethodsAfter detailed physical and clinical examination, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed and the variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing.ResultsOne homozygote variant in EVC2 gene was identified in the fetus (NM_147127, c.942G>A, p.W314X). The EVC2 gene is strongly associated with EvCS, which is consistent with the sonographic findings of the fetus.ConclusionsThe homozygous p.W314X mutation found in this family was recently reported to be segregated in a consanguineous family originating from Pakistan. The occurrence of the p.W314X mutation in two unrelated families (Iranian and Pakistani) may be the result of an old founder effect or arose because of a mutational hotspot and is supporting evidence for the pathogenicity of this variant. Because skeletal dysplasia belongs to a broad spectrum of syndromes and therefore exhibits considerable background locus and allelic heterogeneity, our report highlights the need for appropriate genetic counseling and supports the feasibility of WES to determine an accurate diagnosis, as well as precise recurrence risk prediction.
Temperature‐dependent rate constants for the reactions of chlorine atom with methanol and Br2
Authors: Bedjanian Yuri 
Published: February 2020

AbstractKinetics of the reaction of Cl atoms with methanol has been investigated at 2 Torr total pressure of helium and over a wide temperature range 225‐950 K, using a discharge flow reactor combined with an electron impact ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer. The rate constant of the reaction Cl + CH3OH → products (1) was determined using both absolute measurements under pseudo‐first order conditions, monitoring the kinetics of Cl‐atom consumption in excess of methanol and relative rate method, k1 = (5.1 ± 0.8) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, and was found to be temperature independent over the range T = 225‐950 K. The rate constant of the reaction Cl + Br2 → BrCl + Br (3) was measured in an absolute way monitoring Cl‐atom decays in excess of Br2: k3 = 1.64 × 10−10 exp(34/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at T = 225‐960 K (with conservative 15% uncertainty). The experimental data for k3 can also be adequately represented by the temperature independent value of k3 = (1.8 ± 0.3) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The kinetic data from the present study are compared with previous measurements.
Rate constant of the BrO + BrO reaction over the temperature range 220‐950 K
Authors: Bedjanian Yuri 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe kinetics of the self‐reaction of BrO radicals has been studied over a wide temperature range (T = 220‐950 K) at 2 Torr total pressure of He using a low‐pressure flow reactor combined with a quadrupole mass spectrometer: BrO + BrO → 2Br + O2 (1a) and BrO + BrO → Br2 + O2 (1b). The overall rate constant for this reaction (defined by d[BrO]/dt = –2k1[BrO]2) was found to be k1 = k1a +k1b = (1.32 ± 0.09) × 10−12 exp(182 ± 22/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at T = 220‐950 K (where the uncertainties represent precision at the 2σ level). The channel‐specific rate constant for the Br2 + O2 forming channel (1b) was determined at T = 220‐450 K: k1b = (2.83 ± 0.35) × 10−13 exp(34 ± 36/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (with 2σ uncertainties). As a result of the comparative analysis of the present data and those from the previous studies, the following Arrhenius expressions are recommended from the present work: k1 = 1.4 × 10−12 exp(200/T) at T = 220‐950 K (independent of pressure at least for T ≥ 250 K) and k1b = 3.2 × 10−13 exp(34/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at T = 220‐450 K and total pressure of 2 Torr, with a conservative estimate of uncertainty of 25%, independent of temperature.
Effect of rare earth cerium on the impact toughness, corrosion and wear resistance of CrNiMnMo alloyed lining steel
Authors: Du X. , Lei X. , Wang J. , Zhao Q. , Ge H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe effects of the addition of rare earth cerium on the impact corrosion and wear resistance of CrNiMnMo alloyed lining steel were studied using metallurgical microscopy, scanning electron microscope, x‐ray powder diffraction, a hardness tester, an impact tester, and an impact corrosion abrasion tester. The properties of CrNiMnMo alloyed lining steel with the addition of cerium were compared with that of CrNiMnMo steel without the addition of cerium after being heat treated by same processes. The results show that CrNiMnMo alloyed lining steel with the addition of rare earth cerium consisted of lath martensite with a low residual austenite phase after being quenched and tempered. The lath of the martensite was fine and uniform. The impact toughness and the corrosion resistance of the steel lining board improved greatly with the addition of cerium and the impact toughness increased by 22 % with the fracture mode of being ductile. The CrNiMnMo alloyed lining steel with cerium showed the highest resistance to impact corrosion abrasion compared with the alloy without cerium.
Service users' experiences of receiving a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Lester R. , Prescott L. , McCormack M. , Sampson M. ,   North West Boroughs Healthcare, NHS Foundation Trust
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is ongoing controversy regarding the borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis. Whilst the experiences of people living with BPD have been widely acknowledged, the process of receiving the diagnosis is poorly described. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the existing research exploring people's experiences of receiving a diagnosis of BPD, as well as examining what is considered best practice in the diagnostic delivery process. The findings from 12 qualitative studies were synthesized using thematic analysis, generating two overarching themes: negative and positive experiences of receiving a diagnosis of BPD. These themes were described using the following sub‐themes: the communication of diagnosis and meaning made of it, validity around diagnosis and attitudes of others. Results indicate that there is a substantial difference between a well‐delivered and poorly delivered diagnosis. The diagnostic delivery process is fundamental to how people understand and interpret the BPD diagnosis. The way in which the BPD diagnosis is shared with people can ultimately shape their views about hope for recovery and their subsequent engagement with services. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosis of pneumonia and malaria in Nigerian hospitals: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Graham Hamish , Bakare Ayobami A. , Ayede Adejumoke I. , Oyewole Oladapo B. , Gray Amy , Neal Eleanor , Qazi Shamim A. , Duke Trevor , Falade Adegoke G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPneumonia and malaria are the leading causes of global childhood mortality. We describe the clinical presentation of children diagnosed with pneumonia and/or malaria, and identify possible missed cases and diagnostic predictors.MethodsProspective cohort study involving children (aged 28 days to 15 years) admitted to 12 secondary‐level hospitals in south‐west Nigeria, from November 2015 to October 2017. We described children diagnosed with malaria and/or pneumonia on admission and identified potential missed cases using WHO criteria. We used logistic regression models to identify associations between clinical features and severe pneumonia and malaria diagnoses.ResultsOf 16 432 admitted children, 16 184 (98.5%) had adequate data for analysis. Two‐thirds (10 561, 65.4%) of children were diagnosed with malaria and/or pneumonia by the admitting doctor; 31.5% (567/1799) of those with pneumonia were also diagnosed with malaria. Of 1345 (8.3%) children who met WHO severe pneumonia criteria, 557 (41.4%) lacked a pneumonia diagnosis. Compared with “potential missed” diagnoses of severe pneumonia, children with “detected” severe pneumonia were more likely to receive antibiotics (odds ratio [OR], 4.03; 2.63‐6.16, P < .001), and less likely to die (OR, 0.72; 0.51‐1.02, P = .067). Of 2299 (14.2%) children who met WHO severe malaria criteria, 365 (15.9%) lacked a malaria diagnosis. Compared with “potential missed” diagnoses of severe malaria, children with “detected” severe malaria were less likely to die (OR, 0.59; 0.38‐0.91, P = 0.017), with no observed difference in antimalarial administration (OR, 0.29; 0.87‐1.93, P = .374). We identified predictors of severe pneumonia and malaria diagnosis.ConclusionPneumonia should be considered in all severely unwell children with respiratory signs, regardless of treatment for malaria or other conditions.
Restricted mean survival time as a summary measure of time‐to‐event outcome
Authors: Hasegawa Takahiro , Misawa Saori , Nakagawa Shintaro , Tanaka Shinichi , Tanase Takanori , Ugai Hiroyuki , Wakana Akira , Yodo Yasuhide , Tsuchiya Satoru , Suganami Hideki ,   for the JPMA Task Force Members
Published: February 2020

SummaryMany clinical research studies evaluate a time‐to‐event outcome, illustrate survival functions, and conventionally report estimated hazard ratios to express the magnitude of the treatment effect when comparing between groups. However, it may not be straightforward to interpret the hazard ratio clinically and statistically when the proportional hazards assumption is invalid. In some recent papers published in clinical journals, the use of restricted mean survival time (RMST) or
τ‐year mean survival time is discussed as one of the alternative summary measures for the time‐to‐event outcome. The RMST is defined as the expected value of time to event limited to a specific time point corresponding to the area under the survival curve up to the specific time point. This article summarizes the necessary information to conduct statistical analysis using the RMST, including the definition and statistical properties of the RMST, adjusted analysis methods, sample size calculation, information fraction for the RMST difference, and clinical and statistical meaning and interpretation. Additionally, we discuss how to set the specific time point to define the RMST from two main points of view. We also provide developed SAS codes to determine the sample size required to detect an expected RMST difference with appropriate power and reconstruct individual survival data to estimate an RMST reference value from a reported survival curve.
Two‐dimensional confined hydrogen: An entropy and complexity approach
Authors: Estañón Carlos R. , Aquino Norberto , Puertas‐Centeno David , Dehesa Jesus S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe position and momentum spreading of the electron distribution of the two‐dimensional confined hydrogenic atom, which is a basic prototype of the general multidimensional confined quantum systems, is numerically studied in terms of the confinement radius for the 1s, 2s, 2p, and 3d quantum states by means of the main entropy and complexity information‐theoretical measures. First, the Shannon entropy and the Fisher information, as well as the associated uncertainty relations, are computed and discussed. Then, the Fisher‐Shannon, lopezruiz‐mancini‐alvet, and LMC‐Rényi complexity measures are examined and mutually compared. We have found that these entropy and complexity quantities reflect the rich properties of the electron confinement extent in the two conjugated spaces.
Generating a high‐resolution map of labile soil phosphorus using ferrous oxide–impregnated paper combined with scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Li Qianqian , Erel Ran 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSlow diffusion and high fixation of phosphorus (P) in soils are major factors limiting its availability to plants. To develop efficient P management, monitoring the dynamics of P movement and availability is essential. However, most soil P tests are destructive, with coarse resolution. We developed a semi‐quantitative nondestructive approach for determining labile soil P using ferrous oxide (FeO)‐impregnated paper coupled with high‐resolution imaging by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FeO paper was immersed in solutions containing different P concentrations and subjected to SEM equipped with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results showed high agreement between P extracted from the FeO papers and the SEM‐EDS measurements (R2 = 0.96), indicating the approach's feasibility. Different SEM‐EDS operational conditions were tested, and optimal conditions are described. We then applied the FeO‐paper method to calcareous soil with added P and found good agreement with Olsen (R2 = 0.99) and FeO‐gel (R2 = 0.96) extraction results. Finally, we created a high‐resolution (sub‐centimeter) map of labile P diffusing from P granules into calcareous, sandy, and acidic soils. The four repetitions (per soil) showed good agreement, with maximal percent deviation of <16%. Diffusion of P was limited to 10 mm from its point of application in calcareous soil, whereas it extended to ∼20 mm in the sandy and acidic soils. After 20 d, P lability dropped considerably in all soils, but the P‐diffusion front extended further in the acidic and sandy soils than in calcareous soil. The study illustrates the feasibility of using FeO paper with SEM to generate 2D maps of P lability at sub‐centimeter resolution.
GARP is a key molecule for mesenchymal stromal cell responses to TGF-β and fundamental to control mitochondrial ROS levels
Authors: Carrillo-Gálvez Ana Belén , Gálvez-Peisl Sheyla , González-Correa Juan Elías , Haro-Carrillo Marina , Ayllón Verónica , Carmona-Sáez Pedro , Ramos-Mejía Verónica , Galindo-Moreno Pablo , Cara Francisca E. , Granados-Principal Sergio , Muñoz Pilar , Martin Francisco , Anderson Per 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cell therapy in regenerative medicine and for autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. However, a main hurdle for MSCs-based therapies is the loss of their proliferative potential in vitro. Here we report that glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) is required for the proliferation and survival of adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) via its regulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activation. Silencing of GARP in human ASCs increased their activation of TGF-β which augmented the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), resulting in DNA damage, a block in proliferation and apoptosis. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling reduced the levels of mtROS and DNA damage and restored the ability of GARP−/lowASCs to proliferate. In contrast, overexpression of GARP in ASCs increased their proliferative capacity and rendered them more resistant to etoposide-induced DNA damage and apoptosis, in a TGF-β-dependent manner. In summary, our data show that the presence or absence of GARP on ASCs gives rise to distinct TGF-β responses with diametrically opposing effects on ASC proliferation and survival.

Significance statement The expansion of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro is associated with a decrease in their proliferative and therapeutic capacity making basic research on factors regulating MSC proliferation of fundamental importance for their successful translation into clinical applications. It is shown that glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) is critical for the proliferation and survival of adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) in vitro. GARP prevents an aberrant transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) response in ASCs, characterized by oxidative DNA damage and cell death, while inducing a productive TGF-β response that increases their proliferation and resistance to DNA damage. The data highlight the importance of GARP in controlling TGF-β activation/signaling in ASCs during in vitro expansion.
Zwitterionic Conjugated Surfactant Functionalization of Graphene with pH‐Independent Dispersibility: An Efficient Electron Mediator for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media
Authors: Kim Ungsoo , Cho Yongjoon , Jeon Dasom , Kim Yongchul , Park Sanghyeon , Seo Jihyung , Lee Junghyun , Oh Nam Khen , Lee Geunsik , Ryu Jungki , Yang Changduk , Park Hyesung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe functionalization of graphene has been extensively used as an effective route for modulating the surface property of graphene, and enhancing the dispersion stability of graphene in aqueous solutions via functionalization has been widely investigated to expand its use for various applications across a range of fields. Herein, an effective approach is described for enhancing the dispersibility of graphene in aqueous solutions at different pH levels via non‐covalent zwitterion functionalization. The results show that a surfactant with electron‐deficient carbon atoms in its backbone structure and large π–π interactive area enables strong interactions with graphene, and the zwitterionic side terminal groups of the molecule support the dispersibility of graphene in various pH conditions. Experimental and computational studies confirm that perylene diimide amino N‐oxide (PDI–NO) allows efficient functionalization and pH‐independent dispersion of graphene enabled by hydration repulsion effects induced by PDI–NO. The PDI–NO functionalized graphene is successfully used in the oxygen evolution reaction as an electron mediator for boosting the electrocatalytic activity of a Ru‐based polyoxometalate catalyst in an acidic medium. The proposed strategy is expected to bring significant advances in producing highly dispersible graphene in aqueous medium with pH‐independent stability, thus broadening the application range of graphene.
Realization of Nanolene: A Planar Array of Perfectly Aligned, Air‐Suspended Nanowires
Authors: Lee Jae‐Shin , Choi Kwang‐Wook , Yoo Jae‐Young , Jo Min‐Seung , Yoon Jun‐Bo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAir suspension and alignment are fundamental requirements to make the best use of nanowires' unique properties; however, satisfying both requirements is very challenging due to the mechanical instability of air‐suspended nanowires. Here, a perfectly aligned air‐suspended nanowire array called “nanolene” is demonstrated, which has a high mechanical stability owing to a C‐channel‐shaped cross‐section of the nanowires. The excellent mechanical stability is provided through geometrical modeling and finite element method simulations. The C‐channel cross‐section can be realized by top‐down fabrication procedures, resulting in reliable demonstrations of the nanolenes with various materials and geometric parameters. The fabrication process provides large‐area uniformity; therefore, nanolene can be considered as a 2D planar platform for 1D nanowire arrays. Thanks to the high mechanical stability of the proposed nanolene, perfectly aligned air‐suspended nanowire arrays with an unprecedented length of 1 mm (aspect ratio ≈5100) are demonstrated. Since the nanolene can be used in an energy‐efficient nanoheater, two energy‐stringent sensors, namely, an air‐flow sensor and a carbon monoxide gas sensor, are demonstrated. In particular, the gas sensor achieves sub‐10 mW operations, which is a requirement for application in mobile phones. The proposed nanolene will pave the way to accelerate nanowire research and industrialization by providing reliable, high‐performance nanowire devices.
Compact Equivalent Inverse of the Electric Field Integral Operator on Screens
Authors: Hiptmair R. , Urzúa-Torres C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe construct inverses of the variational electric field boundary integral operator up to compact perturbations on orientable topologically simple screens. We describe them as solution operators of variational problems set in low-regularity standard trace spaces. On flat disks these variational problems do not involve the inversion of any non-local operators. This result lays the foundation for operator preconditioning for the discretized electric field integral equation.