bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR‐205 promotes endothelial progenitor cell angiogenesis and deep vein thrombosis recanalization and resolution by targeting PTEN to regulate Akt/autophagy pathway and MMP2 expression
Authors: Sun Li‐Li , Xiao Lun , Du Xiao‐Long , Hong Lei , Li Cheng‐Long , Jiao Jian , Li Wen‐Dong , Li Xiao‐Qiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (MiRNAs, MiRs) represent a class of conserved small non‐coding RNAs that affect post‐transcriptional gene regulation and play a vital role in angiogenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. They are essential for a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, especially for vascular diseases. However, data concerning miRNAs in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remain incomplete. We explored miRNAs that modulate angiogenesis in EPCs and thrombolysis, and analysed their underlying mechanisms using a DVT model, dual‐luciferase reporter assay, qRT‐PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis, CCK‐8 assay, angiogenesis assay, wound healing and Transwell assay. We found that miR‐205 enhanced the homing ability of EPCs to DVT sites and promoted thrombosis resolution and recanalization, which significantly reduced venous thrombus. Additionally, we demonstrated that miR‐205 overexpression significantly enhanced angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro, migration, invasion, F‐actin filaments and proliferation in EPCs, and inhibited cell apoptosis. Conversely, down‐regulation of miR‐205 played the opposite role in EPCs. Importantly, this study demonstrated that miR‐205 directly targeted PTEN to modulate the Akt/autophagy pathway and MMP2 expression, subsequently playing a key role in EPC function and DVT recanalization and resolution. These results elucidated the pro‐angiogenesis effects of miR‐205 in EPCs and established it as a potential target for DVT treatment.
Evolution of phenotypic plasticity: Genetic differentiation and additive genetic variation for induced plant defence in wild arugula Eruca sativa
Authors: Ogran Ariel , Conner Jeffrey , Agrawal Anurag A. , Barazani Oz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is the primary mechanism of organismal resilience to abiotic and biotic stress, and genetic differentiation in plasticity can evolve if stresses differ among populations. Inducible defence is a common form of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, and long‐standing theory predicts that its evolution is shaped by costs of the defensive traits, costs of plasticity and a trade‐off in allocation to constitutive versus induced traits. We used a common garden to study the evolution of defence in two native populations of wild arugula Eruca sativa (Brassicaceae) from contrasting desert and Mediterranean habitats that differ in attack by caterpillars and aphids. We report genetic differentiation and additive genetic variance for phenology, growth and three defensive traits (toxic glucosinolates, anti‐nutritive protease inhibitors and physical trichome barriers) as well their inducibility in response to the plant hormone jasmonic acid. The two populations were strongly differentiated for plasticity in nearly all traits. There was little evidence for costs of defence or plasticity, but constitutive and induced traits showed a consistent additive genetic trade‐off within each population for the three defensive traits. We conclude that these populations have evolutionarily diverged in inducible defence and retain ample potential for the future evolution of phenotypic plasticity in defence.
Two‐year performance of CAD/CAM fabricated resin composite inlay restorations: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Tunac Ayse T. , Celik Esra U. , Yasa Bilal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the 2‐year clinical performance of computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin composite inlay restorations in comparison with direct resin composite restorations.Materials and methodsIn 44 patients, 120 class II (mesio‐occlusal/disto‐occlusal) cavities were randomly assigned into two groups; CAD/CAM resin composite inlay group (Lava Ultimate), direct resin composite group (Clearfil Majesty Posterior). Clinical evaluations were performed after 1 week, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years according to the FDI criteria. The data were analyzed using Friedman's ANOVA and Mann‐Whitney U tests (α = .05).ResultsIn 41 patients, 114 restorations were evaluated at the second year (recall rate 93.2%). All restorations were ideal or clinically acceptable. At the first year, considering all criteria, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. However, there was a significant difference in terms of surface luster at second year, in favor of inlay restorations (P = .015). The marginal staining of resin composites increased after 2 years (P = .046), but there was no significant difference between the groups.ConclusionsExcept the surface luster, 2‐year clinical performance of CAD/CAM resin composite inlay restorations was found similar to direct resin composite restorations according to FDI criteriaClinical SignificanceThe clinical performance of CAD/CAM resin composite inlays was acceptable in class II cavities subsequent to 2‐year evaluation.
ODYM—An open software framework for studying dynamic material systems: Principles, implementation, and data structures
Authors: Pauliuk Stefan , Heeren Niko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMaterial flow analysis (MFA) studies the stocks and flows of goods and substances in systems. The methods and algorithms of MFA have improved over the last few years, but a flexible platform that integrates recent modeling advances such as simultaneous consideration of the product, component, material and chemical element levels, lifetime models, and uncertainty treatment is not available. There is also no versatile data format for exchanging data between projects. This lack of research infrastructure is detrimental to scientific progress. To fill that gap, we propose a novel industrial ecology community model for MFA. The Open Dynamic Material Systems Model (ODYM) is an open source framework for material systems modeling programmed in Python. The description of systems, processes, stocks, flows, and parameters is object‐based, which facilitates the development of modular software and testing routines for individual model blocks. ODYM MFA models can handle any depth of flow and stock specification: products, components, sub‐components, materials, alloys, waste, and chemical elements can be traced simultaneously. ODYM features a new data structure for material flow analysis; all input and output data are stored in a standardized file format and can thus be exchanged across projects. It also comes with an extended library for dynamic stock modeling. We present the features, design principles, software, and data structure of ODYM, describe its main methods and functions, and give an outlook on current and future applications.
Floral organs act as environmental filters and interact with pollinators to structure the yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus) floral microbiome
Authors: Rebolleda Gómez María , Ashman Tia‐Lynn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAssembly of microbial communities is the result of neutral and selective processes. However, the relative importance of these processes is still debated. Microbial communities of flowers, in particular, have gained recent attention because of their potential impact to plant fitness and plant‐pollinator interactions. However, the role of selection and dispersal in the assembly of these communities remains poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the role of pollinator‐mediated dispersal on the contribution of neutral and selective processes in the assembly of floral microbiomes of the yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus). We sampled floral organs from flowers in the presence and absence of pollinators within five different serpentine seeps in CA and obtained 16S amplicon data on the epiphytic bacterial communities. Consistent with strong microenvironment selection within flowers we observed significant differences in community composition across floral organs and only a small effect of geographic distance. Pollinator exposure affected the contribution of environmental selection and depended on the rate and intimacy of interactions with flower visitors. This study provides evidence of the importance of dispersal and within‐flower heterogeneity in shaping epiphytic bacterial communities of flowers, and highlights the complex interplay between pollinator behaviour, environmental selection and additional abiotic factors in shaping the epiphytic bacterial communities of flowers.
Thermosensitive pilus production by FCT type 3 Streptococcus pyogenes controlled by Nra regulator translational efficiency
Authors: Nakata Masanobu , Sumitomo Tomoko , Patenge Nadja , Kreikemeyer Bernd , Kawabata Shigetada 
Published: October 2019

SummaryStreptococcus pyogenes produces a diverse variety of pili in a serotype‐dependent manner and thermosensitive expression of pilus biogenesis genes was previously observed in a serotype M49 strain. However, the precise mechanism and biological significance remain unclear. Herein, the pilus expression analysis revealed the thermosensitive pilus production only in strains possessing the transcriptional regulator Nra. Experimental data obtained for nra deletion and conditional nra‐expressing strains in the background of an M49 strain and the Lactococcus heterologous expression system, indicated that Nra is a positive regulator of pilus genes and also highlighted the importance of the level of intracellular Nra for the thermoregulation of pilus expression. While the nra mRNA level was not significantly influenced by a temperature shift, the Nra protein level was concomitantly increased when the culture temperature was decreased. Intriguingly, a putative stem‐loop structure within the coding region of nra mRNA was a factor related to the post‐transcriptional efficiency of nra mRNA translation. Either deletion of the stem‐loop structure or introduction of silent chromosomal mutations designed to melt the structure attenuated Nra levels, resulting in decreased pilus production. Consequently, the temperature‐dependent translational efficacy of nra mRNA influenced pilus thermoregulation, thereby potentially contributing to the fitness of nra‐positive S. pyogenes in human tissues.
High‐resolution manometry findings after Linx procedure for gastro‐esophageal reflux disease
Authors: Riva Carlo Galdino , Siboni Stefano , Sozzi Marco , Lazzari Veronica , Asti Emanuele , Bonavina Luigi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic sphincter augmentation with the Linx® system is a novel laparoscopic procedure for the treatment of gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Only few data are available regarding the impact of Linx on high‐resolution manometry (HRM) variables.MethodsThe prospectively collected database of patients who underwent Linx procedure at a single institution was queried. All patients who completed pre‐ and postoperative HRM, GERD health‐related quality of life (GERD‐HRQL) questionnaire, and functional outcome swallowing scale (FOSS) questionnaire were included in the study.Key ResultsForty‐five out of 304 patients were included. At a median follow‐up of 12 months (IQR 10) after surgery, a statistically significant increase of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) total length (P = .002), intra‐abdominal length (P = .001), integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), intrabolus pressure (IBP), and esophagogastric contractile integral (EGJ‐CI) was noted (P < .001). Distal esophageal amplitude (P = .004), mean distal contractile integral (DCI) (P < .001), post multiple repeated swallows DCI (P = .001), and the percent of normal peristalsis increased (P = .040). All patients were relieved of reflux symptoms. Ineffective esophageal motility reversed to normal in 36% of patients after surgery. The only factor significantly associated with postoperative dysphagia was preoperative dysphagia (P = .006). Postoperatively, a significant correlation between IRP and DCI (r = 0.361 and P = .019) and between IBP and DCI (r = 0.443 and P = .003) was found.Conclusions and InferencesThe Linx procedure had a remarkable effect on esophageal motility in the short‐term follow‐up. It appears that the overall postoperative increase of IRP and IBP may justify the higher DCI values. Preoperative dysphagia was the only factor associated with postoperative dysphagia.
Evaluating self‐directed learning abilities as a prerequisite of health literacy among older people: Findings from a validation and a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cadorin Lucia , Grassetti Luca , Paoletti Eva , Cara Angelisa , Truccolo Ivana , Palese Alvisa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo validate a tool measuring self‐directed learning (SDL) abilities and to determine these abilities among older individuals attending the University of the Third Age.BackgroundHealth literacy (HL) and SDL abilities have been documented as being closely linked to each other and as prerequisites in enhancing self‐management competences required by older people to protect their health and to manage health issues. Furthermore, individuals with SDL abilities have been documented to have a full understanding of their health treatment prescriptions, to be able to demonstrate increased compliance and to further develop self‐care competences.DesignA validation and a cross‐sectional study design.MethodsA consecutive sample of 313 older people (68.7% female) who attended lessons in two Italian Universities of the Third Age and who were willing to participate in the study were enrolled. The Self‐Rating Scale of Self‐Directed Learning (SRSSDL) validated previously in the healthcare context, was used.ResultsAt the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the SRSSDL in Older people (SRSSDLO) has demonstrated good psychometric properties: the tool is composed by four factors (“Awareness,” “Attitudes,” “Availability” and “Motivation”) and 13 items. According to the findings, the average SDL score was 54.27 ± 6.69 out of 65, and women achieved significantly higher scores compared with men (54.81 ± 6.69 vs. 53.08 ± 6.54, p = .033), while participants with a university degree (55.95 ± 6.56) or secondary education (54.75 ± 6.13) had higher scores than those with lower secondary education (50.37 ± 7.34, p = .002).ConclusionsParticipants were responsible for their learning processes and were capable of identifying learning needs and goals. They were also internally motivated to develop learning methods and to organise learning activities. However, they were less able to keep up to date with the learning resources available.Implications for PracticeThe SRSSDLO can help nurses identify healthy older people that lack SDL abilities and design tailored educational interventions to prevent health conditions and/or promote self‐care management in chronic conditions.
Foods served at faith community events for children – Is there room for improvements in this unexplored child nutrition site?
Authors: Opalinski Andra S. , Parra Andrea V. , Gropper Sareen S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe food and beverage provisions by Faith Communities from one denomination in association with events for children.Design, sample and measuresFoods and beverages provided at 32 child‐focused activities were documented using direct observation methodology and analyzed for contribution to food groups and per serving energy, fat, saturated fat, sugar, and sodium contents.ResultsMain dishes were mostly (71%) convenience/casserole‐type foods, and averaged 962 mg sodium and 436 kcal, with 36% of energy from fat and 14% as saturated fat. Cheese was the main source of dairy products. Grain‐based side dishes, provided at 29% of meals, included white rice, pasta, and bread. Non‐starchy vegetables were provided at three (29%) meals. Fruits were served at six events. Desserts, served at 75% of events, contained 41% of energy from fat, with 17% as saturated fat, and 22 g of added sugar. Snack chips, provided at 31% of events, contributed 165 kcal mostly from fat and 243 mg of sodium. Sugar‐sweetened beverages, served at 71% of events, contributed 28 g of added sugar.ConclusionsThis pilot investigation identified areas for improvements in the nutritional quality of foods/beverages served at faith community child‐focused events and aligns with expanding public health efforts to improve child nutrition beyond traditional settings.
Increased susceptibility to Haemonchus contortus infection by interleukin‐5 modulation of eosinophil responses in sheep
Authors: Hernández Julia N. , Meeusen Els , Rodríguez Francisco , Piedrafita David , González Jorge F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEosinophils are prominent effector cells in immune responses against gastrointestinal nematode infections in ruminants, but their in vivo role has been hard to establish in large animals. Interleukin‐5 is a key cytokine in the induction and stimulation of anti‐parasitic eosinophil responses. This study attempted to modulate the eosinophil response in sheep through vaccination with recombinant interleukin‐5 (rIL‐5) and determine the effect on subsequent Haemonchus contortus infection. Nematode‐resistant Canaria Hair Breed (CHB) sheep vaccinated with rIL‐5 in Quil‐A adjuvant, had lower blood eosinophil counts and higher mean worm burdens than control sheep vaccinated with Quil‐A adjuvant alone. In addition, adult worms in IL‐5‐vaccinated sheep were significantly longer with higher eggs in utero in female worms, supporting an active role of eosinophils against adult parasites in CHB sheep. These results confirm that eosinophils can play a direct role in effective control of H contortus infection in sheep and offer a new approach to study immune responses in ruminants.
The Conditional Permutation Test for Independence While Controlling for Confounders
Authors: Berrett Thomas B. , Wang Yi , Barber Rina Foygel , Samworth Richard J. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryWe propose a general new method, the conditional permutation test, for testing the conditional independence of variables X and Y given a potentially high dimensional random vector Z that may contain confounding factors. The test permutes entries of X non-uniformly, to respect the existing dependence between X and Z and thus to account for the presence of these confounders. Like the conditional randomization test of Candès and co-workers in 2018, our test relies on the availability of an approximation to the distribution of X|Z—whereas their test uses this estimate to draw new X-values, for our test we use this approximation to design an appropriate non-uniform distribution on permutations of the X-values already seen in the true data. We provide an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler for the implementation of our method and establish bounds on the type I error in terms of the error in the approximation of the conditional distribution of X|Z, finding that, for the worst-case test statistic, the inflation in type I error of the conditional permutation test is no larger than that of the conditional randomization test. We validate these theoretical results with experiments on simulated data and on the Capital Bikeshare data set.
Using hospital‐based studies of community‐onset bloodstream infections to make inferences about typhoid fever incidence
Authors: Marchello Christian S. , Dale Ariella P. , Pisharody Sruti , Crump John A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesHospital‐based studies of community‐onset bloodstream infections (CO‐BSI) are less resource‐intensive to carry out than population‐based incidence studies. We examined several metrics capturing the potential role of Salmonella Typhi as a cause of CO‐BSI for making inferences about incidence.MethodsWe systematically reviewed three databases for hospital‐based studies of CO‐BSI. We determined, by study, the prevalence and rank order of Salmonella among pathogenic bloodstream isolates, and the prevalence ratio of Salmonella Typhi to Escherichia coli (S:E ratio). We then describe these hospital‐based study metrics in relation to population‐based typhoid fever incidence data from a separate systematic review.ResultsForty‐four studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 23 (52.3%) isolated Salmonella Typhi at least once. Among studies isolating Salmonella Typhi, the median (interquartile range) prevalence and rank order of Salmonella Typhi compared to other pathogens isolated in BSI was 8.3% (3.2–37.9%) and 3 (1–6), respectively. The median (interquartile range) S:E ratio was 1.0 (0.4–3.0). With respect to incidence, in Pemba Island, Tanzania, prevalence, rank order, S:E ratio, and incidence was 64.8%, 1, 9.2 and 110 cases per 100 000, respectively, and in Boulkiemdé, Burkina Faso, was 13.3%, 3, 2.3 and 249 cases per 100 000.ConclusionsWe describe considerable variation in place and time for Salmonella Typhi prevalence, rank order, and S:E ratio among hospital‐based studies of CO‐BSI. Data from simultaneous typhoid prevalence and incidence studies are limited. We propose that hospital‐based study metrics warrant evaluation for making inference about typhoid incidence and as covariates in typhoid incidence models.
Impacts of soil moisture level and organic matter content on growth of two Juncus species and Poa pratensis grown under acid soil conditions
Authors: Kaczmarek‐Derda W , Helgheim M , Netland J , Riley H , Wærnhus K , Øpstad S , Østrem L , Brandsæter L O 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe abundance of Juncus effusus (soft rush) and Juncus conglomeratus (compact rush) has increased in coastal grasslands in Norway over recent decades, and their spread has coincided with increased precipitation in the region. Especially in water‐saturated, peaty soils, it appears from field observations that productive grasses cannot compete effectively with such rapidly growing rush plants. In autumn–winters of 2012–2013 and 2013–2014, a four‐factor, randomised block greenhouse experiment was performed to investigate the effect of different soil moisture regimes and organic matter contents on competition between these rush species and smooth meadow‐grass (Poa pratensis). The rush species were grown in monoculture and in competition with the meadow‐grass, using the equivalent of full and half the recommended seed rate for the latter. After about three months, above‐ and below‐ground dry matter was measured. J. effusus had more vigorous growth, producing on average 23–40% greater biomass in both fractions than J. conglomeratus. The competitive ability of both rush species declined with decreasing soil moisture; at the lowest levels of soil moisture, growth reductions were up to 93% in J. conglomeratus and 74% in J. effusus. Increasing water level in peat–sand mixture decreased competivitiveness of meadow‐grass, while pure peat, when moist, completely impeded its below‐ground development. These results show that control of rush plants through management may only be achieved if basic soil limitations have been resolved.