bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of Fluorotelomer Olefin from Aqueous Solution by Ion Exchange Resin
Authors: Wan Zamri Wan Nursyafiqah , Ong Keat Khim , Kasim Norherdawati , Syed Ahmad Syed Mohd Shafiq , Jamari Nor Laili‐Azua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFluorotelomers (FT) are a class of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that have a variety of applications due to their unique chemical properties. However, fluorotelomers and some of their breakdown products have raised environmental and health concerns due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. Hence, its removal from industrial waste is essential. In this study, anion exchange resin as an adsorbent is investigated for fluorotelomer olefin (FTO) removal. Three different parameters are investigated: adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration of FTO. The effects of other compounds on FTO removal are also investigated. The surface morphology and surface area of anion exchange resin are also conducted using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), respectively. The surface of anion exchange shows smooth and fractured structure with 2.0381 mg2 g−1 surface area. The results show fast and high removal of FTO up to 80% using optimum sorption condition (1.25 mg, 5 h, and 400 mg L−1). In addition, the removal efficiency of FTO is not affected by the presence of other interference compounds. The understanding of FTO removal through anion exchange resin offered by this work should lead to more effective applications for fluorotelomers removal from the environment.
Development and Characterization of Polypropylene‐Carbon Nanotubes (PP‐CNT) Composites: An Overview Toward Hurdles and Achievements
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Srivastava Pulkit , Agrawal Anant Prakash , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Vijay 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA variety of engineering applications involves use of polypropylene (PP) for the production of components used in automobiles, bio‐medicals, electronic packaging, machine parts and electric vehicles and so on. However, high flammability, low melting‐point, low heat‐resistance and incompatibility of filler materials like CNT in the matrix of polypropylene imposed challenges in the development of polypropylene and carbon nanotubes (PP‐CNT) composites that has drew attention of researchers toward the development and characterization of PP‐CNT composites now a days. The past research work has shown that the improved properties of PP‐CNT composites are due to the good properties of PP mixed with fillers of CNT that too possesses excellent properties like high thermal conductivity, good electron mobility, and strength along with formation of conductivity networks in composite matrix. The development of PP‐CNT composites faces challenges of good dispersion of CNTs in the matrix of polypropylene and the selection of best fabrication method to develop it. Therefore, the objective of this review paper is to focus on the various contributions of CNTs on the mechanical properties of advanced PP‐CNT composites. The results drawn from the various research work done has been summarized for future reference and for both academic and industrial applications. This paper discussed about the present challenges faced in the development of PP‐CNT composites and future directions with their application.
Machine Learning in Polymer Science: Emerging Trends and Future Directions
Authors: Sarangi Pradeepta Kumar , Goel Nidhi , Sahoo Ashok Kumar , Rani Lekha 
Published: February 2025

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have advanced tremendously in the previous 5 years regarding polymer science. Polymers are materials with enormous versatility that are now widely used. Polymers have found extensive applications in several fields such as energy storage, construction, medical, aerospace, and other industries. This study is presently in the era of the 4.0 industry, a transformative period that is profoundly reshaping both business and society in an unprecedented manner specifically in developing countries. Data‐driven strategies for process analysis and control are crucial in expediting the creation of polymer production processes while maintaining product quality and avoiding a rise in production cost. More and more scientists are utilizing polymer informatics and data science to create new materials and understand the connections between their molecular structure and characteristics. The field of polymer informatics is relatively new. Even though there are a lot of helpful databases and tools accessible, not many are used frequently. The application of AI is starting to have an influence on several aspects of human existence, including fields such as science and technology. Polymer informatics is a field that utilizes AI and ML techniques to enhance the process of developing, designing, and discovering polymers. Based on these ideas, it examines the burgeoning fields of ML‐assisted polymer informatics in this research. It also looks at these new developments in the polymeric informatics ecosystem and talks about upcoming potential and problems for applications.
Analysis of Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Surinsar Lake in UT of Jammu & Kashmir, India
Authors: Yadav Arvind Kumar , Mahajan Arushi , Sharma Tania , Bhushan Indu , Noor Ikhwan Syafiq Mohd , Yahya Muhd Zu Azhan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWater in biological systems is not just a passive solvent but also plays a crucial role in the structure of proteins and nucleic acids, ensuring stability and flexibility. Macromolecules affect the state of water contacting them, affecting its order. Surinsar lake, a twin of Mansar Lake in Jammu, is experiencing deteriorating water quality due to human interference. A study examining ten locations found mean values for temperature, pH, conductivity, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD5, COD, total hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, oil and grease, turbidity, and faecal coliform. The findings call for new conservation policies.
Anti‐bacterial Role of Zinc Oxide Synthesized Using Naturally Abundant Material
Authors: Mansi  , Shivank  , Bhattacharya Bhaskar , Majumder Shahana , Kashyap Jahanvi , Chauhan Yatishwar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe large‐scale chemical synthesis of nanoparticles has a very detrimental effect on the environment. Therefore, w e explored a green route for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using plant extract. W e report the synthesize of ZnO nanoparticles via both green and chemical routes for comparison. Both samples are characterized using a UV‐visible spectrophotometer, X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and a photo‐illuminator. Their properties are compared, and then their antimicrobial activity is tested. Notably, the green synthesis method is cost‐effective and eco‐friendly compared to chemical synthesis.
Thermo‐Acoustical Studies On L‐Leucine in Aqueous MgSO4 and MgCl2 Solution at T = 283.15K and 288.15K
Authors: Pathan Neha S. , Manik Urvashi P. , Mishra Paritosh L. , Pandey Krishna Kumar , Nagpal Garima 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe conducted an investigation on a 0.01 M solution of L‐leucine in aqueous magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride at temperatures of 283.15 K and 288.15 K. The study focused on measuring and analyzing various acoustic and thermodynamic parameters such as surface tension (σ), adiabatic compressibility(β), specific heat ratio (γ), molar volume (Vm), apparent molar volume (ϕv), Wada's constant(W), and Rao's constant(R). W e calculated all these from the experimental data used in the current study. Different thermodynamic parameters have been applied to examine solute‐solvent and solute‐solute interactions and the effects of magnesium chloride and magnesium sulphate salt on the hydration and electrostriction behaviour of l‐leucine. The addition of salt considerably impacted the volumetric and acoustic behaviour of the investigated amino acids via ion‐ion, ion‐dipole, solute‐solvent, and hydrogen bonding interactions. The solute‐solvent interactions in these systems are considered when interpreting the results. It has been noted that these systems have potent solute interactions. The solute‐solvent ratio also grows as the temperature rises. It has been noted that in aqueous‐salt solutions, these amino acids serve as structure‐makers. Overall findings indicate that L‐leucine and magnesium sulphate have a more powerful molecular interaction than L‐leucine and magnesium chloride.
Temperature‐Dependent Structural, Optical, and Electrical Performance Assessment of Fabricated (Au, Al)/ZnO/p‐Si Heterojunction Schottky Diodes
Authors: Rajoriya Manisha , Sahni Mohit , Singh Munendra , Singh Sucheta , Gupta Pallavi , Yahya M. Z. A. , Noor I. M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis work incorporates the fabrication and characterization of highly transparent zinc oxide (ZnO) film deposited on p‐type Si (100). The work also includes the temperature dependency of fabricated (Au, Al)/ZnO/p‐Si‐heterojunction Schottky diodes. This temperature analysis is done in terms of optical, structural, and electrical analysis. The fabrication of the proposed sample has been carried out using RF magnetron sputtering and then sintered at two different temperatures (100 °C and 300 °C). Structural properties of these films are analyzed and compared using XRD, SEM, and AFM. Further, this work explores the electrical properties of various types of Schottky junctions fabricated with gold and aluminum metal contacts on these thin films. With the increasing fabrication temperature, both the optical band gap as well as the ideality factor are found to be decreasing. The impact of temperature variation on the potential barrier of Schottky diodes and carrier concentration has also been studied. This work and device fabrication have applications in the field of analog circuits and electronics.
Hibiscus sabdariffa‐Sourced Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Optimization, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity on Brine Shrimp
Authors: Yumni Baharom Ain , Norman Ashreen , Che Abdullah Che Azurahanim 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the last decade, nanotechnology has received a lot of attention. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and their properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and photocatalytic abilities, have long been studied. Furthermore, green synthesis from plant‐based sources has numerous advantages over traditional physical and chemical methods. The green synthesis of ZnONPs is performed in this study using roselle extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa). During the fabrication of metal nanoparticles, the plant extract acts as a reducing and capping agent. Taguchi design is used to optimize and evaluate synthesis parameters like pH, temperature, and reaction time. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is used in conjunction with this statistical method to determine the optimal parameters for reducing particle size to nanometers. DLS measurements reveal that the average size of the ZnONPs range from 341.7 to 546.5 nm. XRD analysis reveals that the crystallite sizes of the ZnONPs range from 12.7 to 73.8 nm. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the ZnONPs has a wurtzite crystal structure. Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis) reveals bandgaps are measured for the best samples. They are calculated to be 3.74, 3.64, and 3.35 eV, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis reveals that a variety of bioactive compounds are responsible for ZnONP stabilization. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) exhibits that synthesized ZnONPs lost little weight, demonstrating their high thermal stability. Furthermore, brine shrimp hatching assays are used to assess biogenic ZnONP toxicity.
Synthesis, Characterization, Study of Biological Activity, and Molecular Docking of Some Mannich Bases and their Coordination with Cadmium and Cobalt
Authors: Khalaf Ahmed Abed , Shihab Afraa Saber 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study involves the preparation of various organic compounds. Saccharin (A) is synthesized by adding hydrochloric acid to sodium saccharinate salt, with continuous stirring for 2 h. Mannich base derivatives (A1, A2) are prepared by reacting sulfanilamide with saccharin and benzaldehyde derivatives, using absolute ethanol as a solvent. Several complexes of Mannich bases (A3–A6) are obtained by reacting equimolar amounts of Mannich base derivatives (A1, A2) with the metal salt solution of cobalt and cadmium (MCln.XH2O), using ethanol as a solvent. The synthesized compounds and complexes are characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including FT‐IR, and 1H, 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis (C.H.N.S.). Additionally, their melting points, purity, molar conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility are determined. The impact of some prepared compounds and complexes on the growth of two antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains, namely the gram‐negative Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and the gram‐positive Streptococcus Mutans, is studied. Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Ciprofloxacin are used as a control antibiotics. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial strains. Molecular docking studies are conducted for the compounds (A1, A2) against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa using the MOE software (2009). The energy minimization process is employed to achieve the most stable conformation (lowest energy barrier) for these compounds.
Synthesis and Study of Some New Derivatives of Schiff Bases Loaded on Water‐Soluble Polymers
Authors: Al‐obaidy Ammar Abraham Mardan , Jamal Ayed Al‐Asli Nabil 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study encompasses the synthesis of polymer‐incorporated lip bases by reacting polyvinylpyrrolidone with amines. The elucidation of compound structures that involves the application of ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance (proton and carbon) spectroscopy, is complemented by SEM analysis. Furthermore, physical attributes like color and melting point are observed. Biological assessment included evaluating the antibacterial efficacy of select compounds, and investigating their impact on the growth of four bacterial isolates, including both Gram‐positive strains. Encouragingly, certain synthesized compounds exhibit notable inhibitory effectiveness against the tested bacterial strains.
Preparation of Nickel‐Grafted Zeolite From a Local Mineral Ore and Studying Their Catalytic Properties
Authors: Khalil Mohsen Ismael , Ayed Nabeel Jamal , Ghazal Raghed Yousif 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe study encompasses an investigation of a local natural mineral material found in the Nimrud region/Ibrahim Al‐Khalil village (40 km southeast of Mosul city). This is achieved through chemical analysis and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) to identify its various elemental components. Subsequently, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) is employed to determine the percentage ratios of clay minerals (natural zeolites) and nonclay minerals comprising the natural mineral ore. The natural zeolite is then selectively concentrated by removing carbonates, iron, and reactive silica (amorphous silica) followed by impregnation with nickel using the compound Ni(NO3)2.6H2O. The properties and characteristics of the prepared zeolites (impregnated and nonimpregnated) are investigated using XRF, XRD, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The analysis reveals its compliance with both chemical and crystalline specifications of zeolites, in addition to good surface area, selective porous channels, and thermal stability.
Adsorption of Haloperidol Drug on Alginate‐Attapulgite‐Ag NPs Composite
Authors: Hameed Walaa Hazim , Ali Nashwan Hussein 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis work includes the synthesis of environmentally favorable and biodegradable components alginate balls containing attapulgite‐silver nanoparticles with different amount of hydroxyapatite. The synthesized composite materials showed good adsorption properties in removing of the organic contaminants (antipsychotics, haloperidol). The addition of hydroxyapatite and alginate to the attapulgite (APT) clay enhanced its adsorption ability through chemical changes. In the current research, haloperidol adsorption is studied on alginate‐attapulgite‐Ag NPs composite. The experiments are carried out at concentrations of the haloperidol (25, 50 and 100 mg/L) at different temperature and pH with different amounts of adsorbent and contact time of 3 h. The remaining concentration of the drug after adsorption is calculated, and the results obtained showed that the adsorption efficiency is 97.6% at pH = 9 and temperature of 15 °C.
Highly Efficient Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibreast Cancer (Invasive Ductal Carcinoma) of New Chalcone Based Compound and Its Nanohybrid With Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Shihab Elaf Abd Al‐Hameed , Hamad Maysoon A. , Jubair Batool J. , Ali Samer H. , Alheety Mustafa A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this work, indole‐3‐carboxaldehyde is used as a synthon to prepare chalcone‐based Schiff base. The reaction includes the treatment of indole‐3‐carboxaldehyde with 1‐(4‐amino‐2‐fluorophenyl)ethanone to afford ES1, which reacts with paramethylthiobenzaldehyde to give ES2 with high yield (>95%). The product is characterized by FTIR, CHN, melting point, and 1H NMR. The compound ES2 is decorated on the silver nanoparticles to give a nanoproduct named as Ag NPs‐ES. The presented nanocomposite is characterized by XRD and TEM, and the results prove that the product is highly pure and formed as quasisphere nanoparticles within the range of 20–51 nm. The nanoproduct is used for the treatment of breast cancer cell lines (in vitro) that consist of 77% of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), 10% of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), and 2% of tubular carcinoma, in addition to 11% of invasive papillary, medullary carcinoma. The results demonstrate that the nanoproduct is able to give only 2% of cancer cell viability with IC50 equal to 1.726 mg/ml with no toxicity on the normal human cell line (HDFn).
Fish Oil and EPA Improve Insulin Sensitivity, in Part Through Adipocyte mTORC2 Activation in Diet‐Induced Obese Male Mice
Authors: Castro Érique , Vieira Thayna S. , Peixoto Álbert S. , Leonardi Bianca F. , Tomazelli Caroline A. , Lino Caroline A. , Oliveira Tiago E. , Pessoa Natália M. , Pessoa Erika V. M. , Abe‐Honda Marina A. , Pontara‐Corte Natália , Silva‐Junior Luciano P. , Pires Ana B. , Chaves‐Filho Adriano B. , Moustaid‐Moussa Naima , Festuccia William T. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFish oil rich in omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs) improves rodent glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity through unknown mechanisms. We investigated the involvement of adipocyte Rictor/mTORC2 as a mediator of fish oil and n‐3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) effects. Male mice bearing or not Rictor/mTORC2 deficiency in adipocytes were fed isocaloric high fat diets produced either with lard (HFD) or fish oil (HFn3) and evaluated for glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. HFn3 intake improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, increased glucose uptake in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle per unit of insulin, and reduced hepatic glucose production as well as adipose tissue and liver de novo fatty acid synthesis. Interestingly, this improvement in glucose homeostasis was concurrent with low serum insulin levels and increased content of Ser473 phosphorylated (p) Akt in adipose tissue, but not skeletal muscle and liver. Intake of an HFD supplemented with EPA increased, in an mTORC2‐dependent manner, insulin sensitivity and adipocyte pAkt Ser473, but not glucose tolerance. In conclusion, adipocyte mTORC2 mediates in part the improvement in insulin sensitivity induced by fish oil and EPA, while the improvement in glucose tolerance induced by fish oil seems to be triggered by mTORC2‐independent actions in muscle and liver.
Option Contracts in the DeFi Ecosystem: Opportunities, Solutions, and Technical Challenges
Authors: Fateh Singh Srisht , Nekriach Vladyslav , Michalopoulos Panagiotis , Veneris Andreas , Klinck Jeffrey 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the current landscape of option trading platforms for cryptocurrencies, encompassing both centralized and decentralized exchanges. Option contracts in cryptocurrency markets offer functionalities akin to traditional markets, providing investors with tools to mitigate risks, particularly those arising from price volatility, while also allowing them to capitalize on future volatility trends. The paper discusses these applications of option contracts in the context of decentralized finance (DeFi), emphasizing their utility in managing market uncertainties. Despite a recent surge in the trading volume of options contracts on cryptocurrencies, decentralized platforms account for less than 1% of this total volume. Hence, this paper takes a closer look by examining the design choices of these platforms to understand the challenges hindering their growth and adoption. It identifies technical, financial, and adoption‐related challenges that decentralized exchanges face and provides commentary on existing platform responses. Subsequently, the paper analyzes the impact of absent options markets on the inefficiencies of automated market maker liquidity. It examines historical on‐chain data for 14 ERC20 token pairs on Ethereum. The analysis shows 1143 instances in which deeper liquidity levels, as high as more, could have been achieved by establishing an options market.
An Integrated LEO Communication and PNT System for Beyond 5G NTN
Authors: De Gaudenzi Riccardo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a pragmatic approach to integrate communication (COM) and positioning navigation timing (PNT) services in (beyond) 5G ((B)5G) low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellite nonterrestrial networks (NTN). The goal is to optimize performance and minimize complementary PNT service costs. The current third generation partnership program (3GPP) fifth generation (5G) standard incorporates positioning reference signal (PRS) for enhancing user equipment (UE) positioning accuracy. However, this approach relies on network connectivity and is not suitable for UE standalone PNT service provision. Additionally, PRS exploitation in a NTN satellite constellation shows major issues on top of its know limitations in terrestrial networks (TNs). To address these limitations, we propose a solution inspired by the Chinese multimedia digital broadcasting standard (CMMB) standard, adapted for satellite NTN. This approach involves broadcasting a dedicated direct‐sequence spread‐spectrum (DS‐SS) PNT signal on‐top of the primary COM signal. This allows for efficient PNT service provision without compromising the performance of the core COM services. By decoupling PNT and COM services, we can optimize the satellite payload design providing wide area coverage for the PNT signal with reduced interference on the COM narrow beams, thus optimizing overall system performance. The proposed solution offers a promising and cost effective approach to enable accurate and reliable PNT services in satellite NTN, even in challenging environments with limited network connectivity.