bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MORPHOLOGY AND PRESERVATION OF GAOJIASHANIA, AN ENIGMATIC TUBULAR FOSSIL FROM THE UPPER EDIACARAN DUNFEE MEMBER, DEEP SPRING FORMATION, NEVADA, USA
Authors: Rivas Ashley , Myrow Paul M. , Smith Emily F. , Nelson Lyle L. , Briggs Derek E.G. , Tarhan Lidya G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The upper Ediacaran stratigraphic record hosts fossil assemblages of Earth’s earliest communities of complex, macroscopic, multicellular life. Tubular fossils are a common and diverse, though frequently undercharacterized, component of many of these assemblages. Gaojiashania cyclus is an enigmatic tubular fossil and candidate index fossil found in upper Ediacaran strata globally and is best known from the Gaojiashan Lagerstätte of South China. Here we describe a recently discovered assemblage of Gaojiashania fossils from the Ediacaran Dunfee Member of the Deep Spring Formation of Nevada, USA. Both body and trace fossil affinities have been proposed for Gaojiashania; we present morphological and biostratinomic evidence for a body fossil affinity for the Dunfee specimens. Additionally, previous studies have highlighted that Ediacaran tubular fossils are characterized by a wide range of preservational modes, including association with pyrite, apatite, or clay minerals and preservation as carbonaceous compressions. Petrographic, SEM, and EDS data indicate that the Dunfee Gaojiashania specimens are preserved as ‘Ediacara-style’ external, internal and composite molds, in siltstone and sandstone with a clay mineral-rich matrix of both aluminosilicates and non-aluminous Mg- and Fe-rich silicate minerals that we interpret as authigenic clays. Authigenic clay-mediated fossilization of unmineralized tissues, including moldic preservation in heterolithic siliciclastic strata, as indicated by the Dunfee Gaojiashania, may be linked to the prevalence of both silica-rich and ferruginous seawater conditions prior to both the radiation of silica-biomineralizing organisms and the rise of ocean and atmospheric oxygen to modern levels. In this light, clay authigenesis may have played a critical role in facilitating multiple modes of Ediacaran and Cambrian exceptional fossilization, thus shaping the stratigraphic distribution of a range of Ediacara macrofossil taxa.
Research on the Construction of an Assessment Framework for the Friendliness of Children's School Travel Environments: Based on Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: Wang Junlin , Wang Jing , He Shuxian , Huang Wenlang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study developed an assessment framework to evaluate the friendliness of children's school travel paths within the first ring of Kunming, guiding improvements in relevant spaces. A preliminary indicator framework was established through a literature review, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were employed to compare differences in indicator structures across various sample sizes. The results indicated that when the ratio of indicators to sample size exceeded 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20, there were differences in the quantity and content of deleted indicators. The final assessment framework comprises 18 indicators covering four dimensions: safety, convenience, comfort, and pleasure. The study found that increasing sample size significantly enhanced the stability and accuracy of factor analysis, thereby validating the effectiveness of the assessment framework.
Machine learning models in predicting high malignant potential in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Guo Xueyan , Yangji Baima , Shen Lin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) present diverse biological behaviors and varying malignancy risks, necessitating early detection and effective risk stratification. Machine learning (ML) models are emerging as valuable tools for assessing the malignant potential of GIST. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the efficacy of various ML models in predicting GIST malignancy. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, up to April 22, 2024. After article selection, we extracted essential data and performed meta-analysis to aggregate the c-index, sensitivity, and specificity. The risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST framework. Our analysis included 12 studies involving 20 ML models and 2,859 patients. Tumor size emerged as the most significant predictor. The pooled c-index was 0.89 (training) and 0.87 (test), with sensitivities of 0.85 and 0.82, and specificities of 0.89 and 0.75, respectively. Two studies had high bias risk, while ten had low bias, although overall applicability was considered low due to inadequate data sources. ML models demonstrate strong diagnostic capabilities in predicting GIST malignancy, with the Logistic Regression model performing best. Key predictive factors included tumor size, necrosis, ulceration, and shape regularity. Future models should integrate impactful disease predictors to enhance clinical utility.
Regional differences in peripapillary scleral fibroblast cytoskeleton and nuclear morphology after intraocular pressure elevation in mouse eyes
Authors: Mozzer Ann , Raj Joe Gerald Jesu , Yasmin Nushrat , Esposito Edward , Pitha Ian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

These studies aimed to study the mechanisms of glaucomatous peripapillary scleral (PPS) remodeling by investigating IOP-induced changes in fibroblast actin-collagen alignment and nuclear morphology in mouse PPS. Cryosections from the optic nerve heads (ONH) of eyes isolated 1- and 6-weeks after bead-induced IOP elevation were imaged for nuclei, fibrillar actin (FA), and collagen (second harmonic generation, SHG). Nuclear morphology was analyzed using VAMPIRE machine-learning image analysis and FA-collagen alignment was determined by comparing vector fields of FA and SHG images. Nuclear morphology was regionally defined with the inner pial PPS (pPPS) containing nuclei with higher aspect ratios than the peripheral PPS (outer PPS, oPPS) and peripheral sclera. FA-collagen alignment was higher in the PPS than in the peripheral sclera (7.1±2.5° versus 10.0±1.4°, p = 0.05, n = 6). One and six weeks after BI, there were nuclear morphologic changes reflecting a transition to a rounder shape in all scleral regions and persistently reduced FA-collagen alignment in the PPS regions. This study therefore concludes that chronic IOP elevation is associated with persistent alterations in nuclear morphology and FA-collagen alignment that indicate sustained cellular responses to tissue stress. These changes could be a precursor to more chronic scleral remodeling that underlies glaucoma pathogenesis.
Cost of breast cancer treatment at Souro Sanou University Hospital
Authors: Roland Ollo , Seydou TRAORE , OUEDRAOGO Kiswendsida André 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer both worldwide and in Burkina Faso. As part of health planning, it is essential to assess the direct and indirect costs of breast cancer care at the Souro Sanou University Hospital (CHUSS).
Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, descriptive study of patients diagnosed with breast cancer at CHUSS for the period January 01, 2020 to December 31, 2023. A total of 52 patients were included in the study.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 49 years. Men represented 3.8% of the series, with women accounting for 96.2%. Housewives accounted for 51.9%. Only 2 of the 52 patients had health insurance. Funding sources were diversified, the main ones being patients' personal funds, their spouses and their families. Patients living in urban areas accounted for 74.5% of the series, compared with 25.5% for those living in rural areas. Concerning family history, 9 patients (17.3%) had a family history of breast cancer. The average time to consultation and specific treatment was 21 months and 6 months respectively. The average direct medical cost was 2,438,255 FCFA. Average diagnosis and treatment costs were 239,655.8 FCFA and 2,187,266 FCFA respectively. Radiotherapy was the highest cost item, with an average cost of 1,443,661.5 FCFA, followed by chemotherapy with an average cost of 1,087,417 FCFA. The average direct non-medical cost was 211,501.9 FCFA. The average total direct cost was 2,670,177 FCFA. The majority of patients (64.5%) experienced a partial reduction in work capacity. A total of 7 patients reported an average monthly financial loss of 52,857.1 FCFA.
Conclusion: breast cancer treatment represents a high cost for patients. It is essential to support patients through appropriate health policies.
Synergistic Antileukemic Effects of Hydroxyurea and SRJ23 in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: ALMARASHDEH LAITH , Stanslas Johnson , Karuppiah Thilakavathy , Khalid Bahariah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a highly aggressive blood cancer associated with high relapse rates, affecting about 15% of pediatric and 25% of adult cases. Initial management typically involves hydroxyurea (HU) to reduce elevated white blood cell counts before intensive chemotherapy. However, despite this approach, recurrence remains a substantial challenge, even with stem cell transplants. A promising therapeutic strategy for T-ALL might involve combining HU with an additional compound that can enhance cancer cell inhibition. SRJ23, a semi-synthetic andrographolide derivative, is a potential candidate due to its unique mechanism of inhibiting the GDP-GTP exchange, targeting the oncogenic K-Ras mutation pathway implicated in T-ALL progression. This study investigates the potential of HU and SRJ23 as a combined treatment to enhance apoptotic induction in T-ALL cells.
Methods
JCLs is an immortalized lines of human T lymphocyte cells that are used to study T-ALL. They were cultured and treated with varying concentrations of HU (7.8–1000 µM) and SRJ23 (0.1–100 µM), individually and in combination, for 96 hours. The cell viability was then assessed using the MTT assay. The drug interactions were calculated using the CompuSyn software, which runs the Chou-Talalay method to calculate the combination index (CI) and generate isobolograms, allowing for the quantitative, determination of synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects between the two compounds. We used the FITC Annexin V/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit to analyse the treated cells with BD FACS LSRFortressa™ Cell Analyser and FACSDiva™ Software to quantify early and late apoptotic populations.
Results
Our study shows a significant decline in the JCLs viability resulting from the exposure of HU and SRJ23, especially when in both drugs were in combination. A synergistic effect was observed at two occasions that is when 10µM SRJ23 combined with 125µM HU and 10µM SRJ23 combined with 250µM of HU on the dose-response curves. These combination treatment induced apoptosis confirmed by Annexin V-FITC staining.
Conclusion
To our knowledge, our study is the first to prove that the combination of HU and SRJ23 exerts a synergistic effect against JCLs and has a significant inhibitory effect in vitro with a remarkable ability to induce apoptosis. Further in-vitro and animal research is deemed required to thoroughly understand the detailed impact of this novel HU and SRJ23 synergism before it can be embarked as a potential novel targeted T-ALL chemotherapy.
Evaluating the Efficacy of ChatGPT in Generating Assessment and Plans for Medical Notes in Urology
Authors: Trippel Ryan , Palmisano Zach , Ho Tiffany , Fox William , Morgantini Luca , Acar Omer , Mima Mahmoud 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose The increase in medical documentation responsibilities has been implicated in increasing burnout rates of Urologists. AI chatbots like ChatGPT may help in decreasing the documentation workload of Urologists. This study tests the quality of Assessment and Plans created by ChatGPT compared to those created by residents.Methods: 11 fictional cases were submitted to ChatGPT-4 and to four residents at the University of Illinois with instructions to create an assessment and plan for each scenario. The responses were given to 2 attending physicians to grade for accuracy, clarity, and clinical reasoning using Likert-type scales. The graders noted whether false information was present and the perceived identify of the response’s author. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis of Likert-type data.Results: When compared to responses created by residents, ChatGPT had significantly higher scores for clarity, comprehensiveness, and soundness of clinical reasoning. There was no significant difference between the two groups in accuracy of diagnosis and accuracy of the treatment plan. The evaluators misidentified the authors identity in 13.64% of responses.Conclusion: This study aimed to compare the abilities of ChatGPT compared to residents in generating assessment and plans of clinical encounters. The results indicate that ChatGPT is superior in the tested domains when compared to residents.
Radiological Evaluation of Foramen Rotundum Anatomy Using Computed Tomography with Implications for Cranial Base Surgery
Authors: KÖKCE Aybars , SARI Muhammed Fatih , ÖZGÜL Semiha , Karaca Ömür , KUŞ İlter , KEYİK Bahar YANIK 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

PURPOSE: The morphological features of the foramen rotundum (FR) with surrounding anatomical structures can affect the feasibility of endoscopic interventions that utilize this structure. This study aims to evaluate the morphological qualities of the FR that could impact such interventions.
METHODS: Temporal section CT images of 114 adult individuals were used to measure the lengths of the maxillary "strut" (MSt) at the levels of the openings facing the fossa pterygopalatina (FP) and BC sides of FR, the widths of the FR openings, the lengths of the FR lower edge, the distances of FR to the internal carotid artery (ICA), and the distances of FR to the foramen ovale (FO) structure in the oblique plane.
RESULTS: The results of the study showed that the FR exhibits significant variations in its anatomic relationships with surrounding structures among different individuals. Four types of FR that were defined according to the topographic location between FP and BC as: superomedial, superolateral, inferomedial, and inferolateral. FR was most commonly found as the inferomedial type. The length, width, and relationships of FR with surrounding anatomical structures were related to standard craniometric distances but were not related to the type of sphenoid sinus pneumatization. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that the variations in the morphological features and relationships of FR with surrounding anatomical structures can significantly affect the feasibility of endoscopic surgical methods that use FR as a surgical corridor. In addition, the measured distances to neighboring anatomical structures can guide preoperative planning for such surgeries.
Metagenomics reveals functional profiles of gut microbiota during the recovery phase of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Song Xiao , Li Jia-Ning , Wang Duan , Han Zi-Ying , Yan Xia-Xiao , Yang Zi-Han , Xu Jun , Wang Qiang , Wu Dong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Gut microbiota play a critical pathogenic role in acute pancreatitis (AP). This study aimed to investiage the gut microbiota composition and function during the recovery phase of AP. Rectal swab samples obtained from 12 AP patients of varying severity in the acute and recovery phases were sequenced using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The α-diversity, principal components, typing, and dominant microbiome composition were analyzed, followed by a difference analysis of gut microbiota composition and functional enrichment. In the recovery phase of AP, the microbial diversity remained decreased, and there were minimal difference in the structural diversity of the microbiome. There was an increasing tendency of beneficial bacteria (Bacteroidales) and a decreasing tendency of harmful bacteria (Enterococcus and Firmicutes) in the recovery phase of mild AP (MAP). However, in the recovery phase of moderately severe AP (MSAP) and severe AP, Enterococcus abundance increased compared with that in the acute phase. Some signaling pathways changed in the opposite direction in the recovery phase of MAP and MSAP compared to the acute phase. These results suggested that gut microbiome composition and function are associated with AP recovery, which may be used to develop strategies for the treatment and prognosis of AP.
Analysis on the “History-Space” Inter-Construction Mechanism of Traditional Villages Based on Multi-historical Elements: A Case Study of Nankou Town, Northwest Beijing
Authors: You Yi , Wu Hongjie , Xu Lingyu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Traditional villages are regarded as vast cultural treasure troves, rich in diverse historical elements and unique spatial forms. Within this context, historical factors exert varying degrees of influence on spatial configurations, with each type of space preserving different layers of village memory. Taking Nankou Village in Beijing as a case study, this paper selects three distinct periods as entry points to explore how historical elements affect the spatial morphology of villages through Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression analysis and standard deviation ellipse methods. With the “realm of memory” theory as a framework, the research investigates the role of village spaces in memory and history. It examines the intricate inter-constructions between “historical elements” and “spatial forms” from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives, innovatively proposing a “history-space” inter-construction mechanism. The findings indicate that individual historical elements significantly impact the spatial heterogeneity of village morphologies, whereas the coupling of multiple historical elements exhibits notable phasic and directional characteristics in reshaping spatial structures. These spaces not only reflect the spirit of the nation and its people but also encapsulate personal experiences and memories. History and space continually shape, transform, and sustain each other, forming a unique inter-construction mechanism. This study advocates for the combined research and preservation of intangible cultural elements and physical spaces, providing crucial insights into understanding spatial evolution patterns of traditional villages and their influencing factors.
Incidence and Predictors of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction among Elderly Elective Surgical Patients at Selected Governmental Hospitals in Southern Ethiopia, 2023 GC: A Multicenter Prospective Single Arm Cohort Study
Authors: Melese Medhanit , Tesema Hailemariam , Molla Simeneh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Geriatrics population is the fast-growing age group which accounts for one-third of surgical patients. Body of evidence revealed that postoperative cognitive dysfunction is the commonest complication among older surgical patients. However, there is a huge disparity in the incidence, and independent predictors globally. Besides, evidences are lacking in sub-Saharan Africa as well as in Ethiopia.
Objective
To assess the incidence and predictors of postoperative cognitive dysfunction among geriatric patients undergoing elective surgery in selected southern governmental hospitals, from February 2023 to October 2023 GC.
Method
A multi-center single arm prospective cohort study conducted in selected governmental hospitals on patients’ age ≥ 60 years old. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between dependent and independent variables and p value < 0.05 was used to determine the significance and crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95%CI was calculated to determine the strength of association of the variable. The mean difference between preoperative cognitive status postoperative cognitive statuses at each follow up postoperative day analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA.
Result
The overall incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction was 46.5%, and the trend in incidence displayed a gradual decrease in the mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment score from the 3rd postoperative day to the 30th day [0 day (preoperative) 25.94 ± 2.884, 3rd day 24.18 ± 3.9, 7th day 24.84 ± 3.62, and 30th day 25.23 ± 3.561)] P < 0.0001, large effect size (Partial Eta Squared (ηp2) – 0.98). Age, ASA III classification, female gender, major surgeries, frailty, preoperative depression, type of anesthesia, intraoperative hypotension and blood loss, duration of surgery and anesthesia were significantly associated with POCD with p value < 0.05.
Conclusion and recommendation:
The study found a substantial incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in geriatric patients following elective surgery. The results of this study demonstrate the scope and complexity of POCD as well as the range of important variables that associated with cognitive dysfunction. It's important for healthcare providers to consider cognitive assessments as part of a holistic approach to patient care, especially for those with risk factors for POCD.
A Prospective, Randomized and Controlled Study on MR-guided Vertebroplasty for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture Therapy
Authors: XIE YANCHUN , LIAN YI , YU HAILONG , XUAN ANWU , WANG ZENING , WEI YONGCUN , GU HONGWEN 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are common among elderly individuals. Vertebroplasty is the standard minimally invasive procedure for treating OVCFs, but traditional surgeries rely on X-ray fluoroscopy, which poses radiation exposure and complication risks. The use of mixed reality (MR) navigation technology may increase surgical precision and safety.
Methods
This prospective randomized controlled trial included 40 OVCF patients, who were randomly divided into an MR navigation group and a traditional fluoroscopy group, with 20 patients in each group. Surgical time, number of fluoroscopies, pain scores, and complication rates were compared between the two groups.
Results
In the MR navigation group, the surgery time (29.50 min [26, 37.25] vs. 38.00 min [34.25, 45], P < 0.05) and number of fluoroscopies (20.0 [20.0, 22.0] vs. 29.0 [28.0, 30.0], P < 0.01) were lower than those in the control group, whereas the amount of bone cement used in the navigation group was significantly greater than that in the traditional group (6.05 ± 1.93 ml vs. 4.50 ± 1.96 ml, P < 0.05). In terms of the bone cement penetration rate, the navigation group was better than the traditional group (10% vs. 30%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Postoperative pain relief and vertebral height restoration were comparable between the two groups.
Conclusion
MR navigation significantly reduces surgery time, radiation exposure, and complication risks in vertebroplasty for OVCFs. It is a safe, precise, and efficient auxiliary technology that merits wider application in minimally invasive spinal surgery.