bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the moisture equilibrium process on the expansion behavior of instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) drying of dried apple cubes
Authors: Li Xiao , Bi Jinfeng , Jin Xin , Wu Xinye , Lyu Jian , Li Xuan , Hu Lina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, consumers' demand on high quality dried fruit or vegetable products have increased dramatically. The instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) dried products have attracted consumers' attention due to its unique sensory characteristics. The product quality, especially the appearance quality of the DIC products, is influenced closely by water status and water distribution in the material, which is rarely reported in the literatures. In this study, a comparison system for the apple cubes with or without the moisture equilibrium process (MEP) was established to explain the effect of the MEP on the expansion behavior of the DIC dried apple cube.RESULTSThe results showed that the MEP could induce a more homogenous spatial distribution of water in the semi‐dried apple cube after pre‐drying. Meanwhile, the MEP treated and DIC dried apple cubes showed better quality in terms of the appearance and texture properties including high porosity (71.77%), large pores (maximum pore size of 1.55 mm), and thin pore walls (pore wall thickness of 0.079 mm).CONCLUSIONThe MEP was approved to be a compulsory treatment to achieve the DIC dried apple cubes with good expansion behavior. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Interaction and multi‐objective effects of multiple non‐thermal treatments of sour cherry juice: pesticide removal, microbial inactivation, and quality preservation
Authors: Akdemir Evrendilek Gulsun , Keskin Eda , Golge Ozgur 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe consumption of pesticide‐contaminated sour cherries as fruit or juice has become a major health concern, and so the search for alternative processing technologies, such as pulsed electric fields (PEF), ozone (O), and ultrasonication (US) has intensified. The objectives of this experimental study of sour cherry juice were fourfold: (1) to quantify the removal efficiency of new processing technologies (PEF, O, US), and their combinations, for the pesticides chlorpyrifos ethyl, τ‐fluvalinate, cyprodinil, pyraclostrobin, and malathion; (2) to detect their impact on physical, bioactive, and sensory properties; (3) to determine their microbial inactivation levels for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas syringae subs. Syringae, and Penicillum expansum; and (4) to jointly optimize multiple responses of physical, quality, and sensory properties, pesticides, and microbial inactivation.RESULTSExcept for all the O treatments, the physical, bioactive and sensory properties of sour cherry juice were not adversely affected by the treatments. The joint optimization suggested PEF1 (24.7 kV cm−1 for 327 μs), PEF2 (24.7 kV cm−1 for 655 μs), PEF2 + O + US, US, and PEF2 + O as the five best treatments. PEF2 + O + US best achieved both pesticide removal and microbial inactivation.CONCLUSIONPEF2 + O + US provided promising reductions in pesticide and microbial loads. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Residue dissipation and dietary exposure risk assessment of methoxyfenozide in cauliflower and tea via modified QuEChERS using UPLC/MS/MS
Authors: Sun Hezhi , Zhou Li , Zhang Xinzhong , Luo Fengjian , Yang Mei , Wang Xinru , Lou Zhengyun , Chen ZongMao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethoxyfenozide possesses efficacy against a variety of lepidopteron pests, including the major pests in cauliflower and tea, so it is of great importance to generalize the practical use of methoxyfenozide in the field.RESULTSAn efficient method was developed and validated in both vegetable matrix and extract‐rich matrix (cauliflower and tea) using modified QuEChERS combined with UPLC/MS/MS analysis. The recoveries in cauliflower, made tea and tea shoots ranged from 94.5 to 108.0%, from 85.0 to 91.6% and from 77.3 to 82.0% respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 17.3% in all cases. The field results showed that methoxyfenozide dissipated in cauliflower with half‐life (t1/2) at 2.5–3.5 days and in tea with t1/2 at 1.2 days. Combining the above experimental data and statistical food intake values, the risk quotient (RQ) values were significantly lower than 1.CONCLUSIONThe quantification method of methoxyfenozide in cauliflower or tea has not been established until this study. The dissipation and dietary exposure risk assessment of methoxyfenozide in cauliflower and tea were investigated in the field. Methoxyfenozide dissipated rapidly in cauliflower despite different climates, and it dissipated faster in tea. The dietary risk of methoxyfenozide through cauliflower or tea was negligible to humans. This study not only provides guidance for the safe use of methoxyfenozide but also serves as a reference for the establishment of maximum residue limits (MRLs) in China. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of temperature stress on the accumulation of ascorbic acid and folates in sweet corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings
Authors: Xiang Nan , Hu Jianguang , Wen Tianxiang , Brennan Margaret Anne , Brennan Charles Stephen , Guo Xinbo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDExtreme temperatures are among the primary abiotic stresses that affect plant growth and development. Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an efficient antioxidant for scavenging relative oxygen species accumulated under stress. Folates play a significant role in DNA synthesis and protect plants against oxidative stress. Sweet corn (Zea mays L.), a crop grown worldwide, is sensitive to extreme temperatures at seedling stage, which may cause yield loss. This study was conducted to explore the biosynthetic regulative mechanism of AsA and folates in sweet corn seedlings under temperature stress.RESULTSThe AsA and folate composition and relative gene expression in sweet corn seedlings grown under different temperature stresses (10, 25, and 40 °C) were evaluated. The imposition of temperature stress altered the AsA content mainly by modulating the expression of ZmDHAR, whose encoded enzyme dehydroascorbic reductase (DHAR) is essential in the AsA recycle pathway. Low temperature stress raised the expressions of relative genes, leading to folate accumulation. High temperature stress modulated the folate content by influencing the expression of the correspondence gene for aminodeoxychorismate synthase, ZmADCS, as well as downstream genes that connected with DNA methylation.CONCLUSIONThese results provided a theoretical basis, at a genetic level, for understanding the stress responses mechanism in sweet corn seedlings, offering guidance for sweet corn cultivation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Autologous fibroblasts for vocal scars and age‐related atrophy: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ma Yue , Long Jennifer , Amin Milan R. , Branski Ryan C. , Damrose Edward J. , Sung Chih‐Kwang , Achlatis Stratos , Kearney Ann , Chhetri Dinesh K. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess the safety and efficacy of autologous cultured fibroblasts (ACFs) to treat dysphonia related to vocal fold scar and age‐related vocal atrophy (ARVA).Study DesignRandomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, multi‐institutional, phase II trial.MethodsACFs were expanded from punch biopsies of the postauricular skin in each subject; randomization was 2:1 (treatment vs. placebo). Three injections of 1–2 × 107 cells or placebo saline was performed at 4‐week intervals for each vocal fold. Follow‐up was performed at 4, 8, and 12 months. The primary outcome was improved mucosal waves. Secondary outcomes included Voice Handicap Index (VHI)‐30, patient reported voice quality outcomes, and perceptual analysis of voice.ResultsFifteen subjects received ACF and six received saline injections. At 4, 8, and 12 months after ACF treatments, a significant improvement in mucosal wave grade relative to baseline was observed in both vocal scar and ARVA groups. Relative to control group, mucosal waves were significantly improved in the ARVA group at 4 and 8 months. Perceptual analysis significantly improved in the vocal scar group 12 months after ACF treatments compared to controls. Vocal scar group reported significantly improved vocal quality from baseline. VHI and expert rater voice grade improved in both groups, but did not achieve significance. No adverse events related to fibroblast injections were observed.ConclusionsIn this cohort, injection of ACFs into the vocal fold lamina propria (LP) was safe and significantly improved mucosal waves in patients with vocal scar and ARVA. ACF may hold promise to reconstruct the LP.Level of Evidence1 Laryngoscope, 130:2650–2658, 2020
Networked health care: Rethinking value creation in learning health care systems
Authors: Fjeldstad Øystein D. , Johnson Julie K. , Margolis Peter A. , Seid Michael , Höglund Pär , Batalden Paul B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCreating better value in health care service today is very challenging. The social pressure to do so is real for every health care system and its leadership. Real benefit has been achieved in manufacturing sector work by the use of “value‐chain” thinking, which assumes that the work is a series of linked processes necessary to make a product. For those activities in health care systems that are similar, this model may be very helpful. Attempts to “install” the value chain widely in health care systems have, however, been frustrating. As a result, well‐meaning leaders seeking better value have resorted to programs of cost reduction, rather than service redesign. Professionals have not been very happy or willing participants. The work of health care service invites an expanded model of value creation, one that better matches the work. This paper proposes a networked architecture that can mobilize and integrate the resources of health care professionals, interested patients, family, and other community members in the delivery and improvement of health care systems. It also suggests how this value‐creation architecture might contribute to research and the development of new knowledge. Two cases illustrate the proposed architecture and its implications for system design and practice, technology development, and roles and responsibilities of all actors involved in health care systems. We believe that this model better fits the need of making and improving health care services. This expanded understanding of how value is created invites attention by senior leaders, by those attempting to facilitate the improvement of current systems, by patients and clinicians involved in the daily work of health care service coproduction, by those charged with the preparation and formation of future professionals, by those who measure and conduct research in health care services, and by those leading policy, payment, and reimbursement systems.
Long‐Pulsed Nd:YAG (1,064 nm) Laser Versus Q‐Switched Nd:YAG (1,064 nm) Laser for Treatment of Onychomycosis
Authors: Elmorsy Eman H. , Abou Khadr Nouran A. , Taha Alsayeda A.A. , Abdel Aziz Doaa M. 
Published: December 2019

Background and ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of the long‐pulsed Nd:YAG (1,064 nm) laser versus the Q‐Switched Nd:YAG (1,064 nm) laser in treatment of onychomycosis.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study. It was carried out on 20 patients with clinical and mycological evidence of onychomycosis who were randomly assigned into two groups; group I: included 10 patients treated with biweekly sessions of long‐pulsed Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser and group II; included 10 patients treated with monthly sessions of Q‐Switched Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser. The assessment was done using proximal nail measurement and microscopic examination using 10–20% potassium hydroxide solution and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar. All patients were followed up for 6 months after the last treatment session.ResultsFungal isolates in the present study were grouped into yeast in 50%, non‐dermatophyte moulds in 10%, while dermatophyte infection was detected in 40%. Each group showed a statistically significant improvement in proximal nail plate measurements with no statistically significant difference between both groups. Mycological cure was only achieved in 40% of group I and 30% of group II. Patient satisfaction was higher in group II.ConclusionsBoth long‐pulsed Nd:YAG (1064 nm) and Q‐Switched Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser systems can be used as a safe and effective modality in the treatment of onychomycosis, particularly in patients who refuse or have a contraindication to oral antifungal treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 00:00–00, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Future Design of Bio‐Inspired Polyetheretherketone Dental Implants
Authors: Knaus Jennifer , Schaffarczyk Dietmar , Cölfen Helmut 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a promising implant material because of its excellent mechanical characteristics. Although this polymer is a standard material in spinal applications, PEEK is not in use in the manufacturing of dental implants, where titanium is still the most‐used material. This may be caused by its relative bio‐inertness. By the use of various surface modification techniques, efforts have been made to enhance its osseointegrative characteristics to enable the polymer to be used in dentistry. In this feature paper, the state‐of‐the‐art for dental implants is given and different surface modification techniques of PEEK are discussed. The focus will lie on a covalently attached surface layer mimicking natural bone. The usage of such covalently anchored biomimetic composite materials combines many advantageous properties: A biocompatible organic matrix and a mineral component provide the cells with a surrounding close to natural bone. Bone‐related cells may not recognize the implant as a foreign body and therefore, may heal and integrate faster and more firmly. Because neither metal‐based nor ceramics are ideal material candidates for a dental implant, the combination of PEEK and a covalently anchored mineralized biopolymer layer may be the start of the desired evolution in dental surgery.
Pyrene Functionalized Mechanochromic Elastomer with Switchable White Fluorescence
Authors: Wang Taisheng , Zhang Na , Ge Yuanmeng , Wang Changchun , Hang Zusheng , Zhang Zewu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMechanochromic polymers that change their photophysical properties on activation by mechanical force are now widely studied, which can signal mechanical stress and visualize material damage ahead of structure failure. However, white‐light‐emitting mechanochromic materials are still very rare. Here, a pyrene group is introduced into a mechanochromic elastomer. A blue‐green fluorescence is exhibited in the original elastomer through rational control of the aggregation degree of pyrene groups. During continuous stretching, due to the “closed” form of rhodamine‐based mechanophore changing into “opened” form, a remarkable white fluorescence can be seen in this process (chromaticity coordinate: x = 0.31, y = 0.31). In the processes of stretching and relaxing, an obvious red shift in fluorescence is detected by the naked eye, which is useful to monitor transient stress in polymer materials. The present study provides a new guideline of the molecular structure design for white‐light emitting mechanochromic materials.
A polarization‐stable frequency selective rasorber with miniaturized elements and wideband absorbing properties
Authors: Liu Longhua , Zhai Huiqing , Hu Diwei , Ren Shuang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA polarization‐stable frequency selective rasorber (FSR) is proposed in this article, behaving as a bandpass filter at transmission bands from 2.08 GHz to 2.82 GHz, while performing as an absorber over a wide absorption band from 7.68 GHz to 21.7 GHz. The desired transmission band is obtained by a multilayer frequency selective surface (FSS) realized through interdigital patch layer and meandering inductive wire grid. Meanwhile, the wide absorption band is achieved by using the design of miniaturized lossy layer and harmonic‐suppressed operation in FSS. The symmetry and miniaturization design make the FSR perform satisfactory stability of polarizations and incident angles. Furthermore, due to its small unit‐cell dimension (0.041λ0 × 0.041λ0 × 0.106λ0, where λ0 is the free‐space wavelength at the resonant frequency), the presented FSR can effectively avoid the interference of the grating lobes on radar cross section reduction.
NANOG is required to form the epiblast and maintain pluripotency in the bovine embryo
Authors: Ortega M. Sofia , Kelleher Andrew M. , O'Neil Eleanore , Benne Joshua , Cecil Raissa , Spencer Thomas E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDuring preimplantation development, the embryo undergoes two consecutive lineages specifications. The first cell fate decision determines which cells give rise to the trophectoderm (TE) and the inner cell mass (ICM). Subsequently, the ICM differentiates into hypoblast and epiblast, the latter giving rise to the embryo proper. The transcription factors that govern these cell fate decisions have been extensively studied in the mouse, but are still poorly understood in other mammalian species. In the present study, the role of NANOG in the formation of the epiblast and maintenance of pluripotency in the bovine embryo was investigated. Using a CRISPR‐Cas9 approach, guide RNAs were designed to target exon 2, resulting in a functional deletion of bovine NANOG at the zygote stage. Disruption of NANOG resulted in the embryos that form a blastocoel and an ICM composed of hypoblast cells. Furthermore, NANOG‐null embryos showed lower expression of epiblast cell markers SOX2 and HA2AFZ, and hypoblast marker GATA6; without affecting the expression of TE markers CDX2 and KRT8. Results indicate that NANOG, has no apparent role in segregation or maintenance of the TE, but it is required to derive and maintain the pluripotent epiblast and during the second lineage commitment in the bovine embryo.
“Posterior Tibial Nerve” or “Tibial Nerve”? Improving the reporting in health papers
Authors: Moretti Eduarda , da Silva Ivson Bezerra , Boaviagem Alessandra , Barbosa Leila , de Lima Anna Myrna Jaguaribe , Lemos Andrea 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsThe primary objective of this study is to identify which term is the most appropriate to use according to anatomical nomenclature: “posterior tibial nerve” or “tibial nerve.” Furthermore, this paper intends to show how the use of these terms in papers indexed in important health databases is numerous and to describe the anatomical characteristics of such nerve, to improve future scientific publications.MethodsThis is a descriptive study about the importance of standardizing the use of the terms “posterior tibial nerve” and “tibial nerve” and its anatomy. It comprises three phases: the first is a search in the main databases to identify the use of the terms “posterior tibial nerve” and “tibial nerve.” The second phase refers to the consultation of international anatomical terminology to identify the most appropriate term to refer to the nerve, while the third phase is related to the study of the anatomy of this nerve.ResultsThe term “tibial nerve” is more commonly used, but the use of the term “posterior tibial nerve” is still very substantial. According to international anatomical terminology, the correct term is “tibial nerve,” which is a branch of the sciatic nerve.Conclusions“Tibial nerve” is the term standardized by international anatomical terminology. The use of terms in accordance with Terminologia Anatomica is important to facilitate the process of teaching and learning, as well as to improve the reporting and interpretation of papers regarding health, and the evidence‐based clinical practice.
Obesity Predicts Liver Function Testing and Abnormal Liver Results
Authors: Li Wenhao , Homer Kate , Hull Sally , Boomla Kambiz , Robson John , Alazawi William 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveAbnormal liver function tests in children and young people (CYP) predict a greater burden of liver disease in adulthood, especially in the context of obesity. This study aimed to determine whether obesity and metabolic risk factors predict liver function testing and abnormal liver test results in CYP.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional population study using electronic health care records from 257,746 CYP aged 10 to 25 years who were registered with 170 contiguous general practices in London, UK. Demographic and clinical data were extracted, including serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) tests between 2015 and 2017. BMI category thresholds were adjusted according to age group and ethnicity.ResultsFourteen percent of CYP had ALT measured, of whom 5.4% had abnormal results; 36.3% had BMI indicating overweight or obesity. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was the most common liver diagnosis. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that overweight or obesity was an independent predictor of ALT testing in young people (ages 18‐25) but not in children (ages 10‐17) and of abnormal test results in all CYP, irrespective of ALT threshold.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity are predictors of liver testing (not in children) and abnormal test results, irrespective of ALT threshold. Given the rising prevalence of metabolic dysfunction, a coordinated strategy is needed for liver testing and interpreting results in this young population.
Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and exhaled nitric oxide in an early adolescent cohort
Authors: Flashner Bess M. , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Oken Emily , Camargo Carlos A. , Platts‐Mills Thomas J. , Workman Lisa , Litonjua Augusto A. , Gold Diane R. , Rice Mary B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a marker of airway inflammation that is well‐characterized in allergic disease states. However, FeNO is also involved in nonallergic inflammatory and pulmonary vascular mechanisms or responses to environmental stimuli. We sought to determine the extent to which obesity or sedentary lifestyle is associated with FeNO in adolescents not selected on the basis of allergic disease. In Project Viva, a prebirth cohort study, we measured body mass index (BMI), skinfold thicknesses, waist circumference, body fat, hours watching television, hours of physical activity, and heart rate after exercise among 929 adolescents (median age, 12.9). We measured FeNO twice and averaged these as a continuous, log‐transformed outcome. We performed linear regression models, adjusted for child age, sex, height, and race/ethnicity, maternal education and smoking during pregnancy, household income and smoking, and neighbourhood characteristics. In secondary analysis, we additionally adjusted for asthma. More than 2 hours spent watching TV was associated with 10% lower FeNO (95% confidence interval [CI]: −20, 0%). Higher body fat percentage was also associated with lower FeNO. After additional adjustment for asthma, teens who are underweight (BMI <5th %tile, 3%) had 22% lower FeNO (95%CI: −40, 2%) and teens who are overweight (BMI ≥85th %ile, 28%) had 13% lower FeNO (95%CI: −23, −2%). Each of these associations of lifestyle and body weight with lower FeNO were greater in magnitude after adjusting for asthma. In summary, sedentary lifestyle, high and low BMI were all associated with lower FeNO in this adolescent cohort.