bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attracting Chrysopidae With Plant Volatiles for Lace Bug (Hemiptera: Tingidae) Control in Rhododendrons and Azaleas
Authors: Graham Katerina Velasco , Choi Man-Yeon , Lee Jana C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyrioides Scott) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) is an invasive pest of rhododendrons and azaleas (Ericaceae: Rhododendron), which feeds on the underside of leaves causing chlorosis, reduced photosynthesis, and even plant death. While insecticides can control this pest, growers, landscape managers, and homeowners have requested softer alternatives. Augmentative release of predatory green lacewing Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) eggs and larvae has reduced S. pyrioides, but large-scale implementation may not be practical nor cost-effective. Attracting naturally occurring Chrysopidae with plant volatiles may be an economical and convenient option. In this study, we tested whether volatile blends 1) attracted Chrysoperla sp., and 2) controlled S. pyrioides populations on Rhododendron spp. in farm or urban landscapes. Experimental plots contained different multicomponent lures placed aboveground next to infested plants. Adult Chrysoperla sp., other natural enemies, and S. pyrioides from egg to adult stages were monitored in both farm and urban landscapes for two summers. Overall, two out of three volatile blends consistently attracted Chrysoperla sp. to sticky traps near baited plants. Methyl salicylate + acetic acid + 2-phenylethanol (methyl salicylate blend) and acetophenone + acetic acid + 2-phenylethanol (acetophenone blend) captured more adult Chrysoperla sp. than control traps in farm landscapes. However, only the acetophenone blend was associated with a slight reduction of S. pyrioides. Additional research is needed to determine whether the phenology of the first generation of both species are synchronized for effective season biological control in the Pacific Northwest.
Molecular Diagnosis and Prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) in Buffaloes and Ectoparasites in the Brazilian Amazon Region
Authors: Dyonisio Gustavo Henrique Souza , Batista Helder Ribeiro , da Silva Ryan Emiliano , Azevedo Roberta Carvalho de Freitas e , Costa Jaciara de Oliveira Jorge , Manhães Ingridi Braz de Oliveira , Tonhosolo Renata , Gennari Solange Maria , Minervino Antonio Humberto Hamad , Marcili Arlei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTrypanosoma vivax Ziemann is a parasite that affects both wild and domestic ungulates and is transmitted mechanically via tabanids and other blood-sucking insects in the Americas. A total of 621 blood samples from water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae), and 184 ectoparasite samples (Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) sensu stricto and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae), and Haematopinus tuberculatus (Burmeister) (Phthiraptera: Haematopinidae)) were obtained from 60 farms in the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. Twelve buffalo blood samples (1.89%) and 11 ectoparasites (6%) were positive for T. vivax based on the cathepsin L-like gene. All sequences were 99% similar to T. vivax from northeastern Brazil (EU753788) in amplified PCR assays on each of the hosts tested.
Comparison of prostate verification with implanted gold markers in tissue surrounding the prostate and pelvic bony anatomy for external beam radiation therapy following low-dose-rate brachytherapy: a prospective clinical trial
Authors: Kaneda Tomoya , Ohashi Toshio , Hanada Takashi , Takenaka Koji , Nishimura Shuichi , Sakayori Masanori , Sutani Shinya , Momma Tetsuo , Shigematsu Naoyuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether gold marker implantation in the tissue surrounding the prostate could accurately monitor setup errors during external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) following low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy. Thirty-eight patients had confirmed intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer and received EBRT following LDR brachytherapy. In &gt;175 computed tomography imaging sessions, the average values of the weekly setup error during EBRT to the prostate centroid at the time of gold marker matching in the surrounding tissue of the prostate and pelvic bone matching were measured and then compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Gold marker matching in the surrounding tissue of the prostate estimated setup errors better than those estimated by bone matching (3D displacement = 2.7 ± 2.0 vs 3.8 ± 2.6 mm, P &lt; 0.01). Overall, the standard deviation of systematic (Σ) and random (σ) setup error was lower with gold marker matching than with bone matching (3D displacement = 1.8 and 1.1 mm vs 2.1 and 1.6 mm, respectively). With gold marker matching, the setup error of the position of the prostate centroid was smaller, and the optimal setup margin was lower than that with bone matching (2Σ + 0.7σ and 2.5Σ + 0.7σ of 3D displacement = 4.3 and 5.2 mm vs 5.3 and 6.4 mm, respectively). This high-precision radiotherapy approach placing gold markers in the surrounding tissue of the prostate can allow more accurate setup during EBRT following LDR brachytherapy.
Combined effects of cisplatin and photon or proton irradiation in cultured cells: radiosensitization, patterns of cell death and cell cycle distribution
Authors: Iwata Hiromitsu , Shuto Tsuyoshi , Kamei Shunsuke , Omachi Kohei , Moriuchi Masataka , Omachi Chihiro , Toshito Toshiyuki , Hashimoto Shingo , Nakajima Koichiro , Sugie Chikao , Ogino Hiroyuki , Kai Hirofumi , Shibamoto Yuta 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the biological effects of protons and photons in combination with cisplatin in cultured cells and elucidate the mechanisms responsible for their combined effects. To evaluate the sensitizing effects of cisplatin against X-rays and proton beams in HSG, EMT6 and V79 cells, the combination index, a simple measure for quantifying synergism, was estimated from cell survival curves using software capable of performing the Monte Carlo calculation. Cell death and apoptosis were assessed using live cell fluorescence imaging. HeLa and HSG cells expressing the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator system (Fucci) were irradiated with X-rays and protons with cisplatin. Red and green fluorescence in the G1 and S/G2/M phases, respectively, were evaluated and changes in the cell cycle were assessed. The sensitizing effects of ≥1.5 μM cisplatin were observed for both X-ray and proton irradiation (P &lt; 0.05). In the three cell lines, the average combination index was 0.82–1.00 for X-rays and 0.73–0.89 for protons, indicating stronger effects for protons. In time-lapse imaging, apoptosis markedly increased in the groups receiving ≥1.5 μM cisplatin + protons. The percentage of green S/G2/M phase cells at that time was higher when cisplatin was combined with proton beams than with X-rays (P &lt; 0.05), suggesting more significant G2 arrest. Proton therapy plus ≥1.5 μM cisplatin is considered to be very effective. When combined with cisplatin, proton therapy appeared to induce greater apoptotic cell death and G2 arrest, which may partly account for the difference observed in the combined effects.
Reinforcing and contesting neoliberal citizenship: Legal advocates and the asylum interview at the US–Mexico border
Authors: Riva Sara , Routon Erin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article explores the mechanisms in which, through the US family detention asylum process, neoliberal ideas of citizenship are reinforced and contested. Through ethnographic research, and using a Foucauldian lens, we take a closer look at the neoliberal processes involved within so-called family detention. Specifically, we focus on legal advocates who are helping detained women prepare for their legal interviews. This paper argues that humanitarian aid work becomes knowable through attention to microlevel details and forms of practice—on the ground and at the margins. This affords a recognition of not only areas of functional solidarity or symbiosis with the state, but also those less visible forms of contestation. We claim that while legal advocates play a role within the neoliberal regimes at work inside these centres, they also contest this system in various critical ways, ensuring both access to legal representation for all detainees and their eventual release.
Irreconcilable Loss, Avoidance, and Hypervigilance: Facilitators of Refugee-Specific Posttraumatic Growth
Authors: McCormack Lynne , Strezov James 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Few studies explore both positive and negative interpretations of life as a refugee despite an abundance of literature that recognizes psychological growth as an outcome of adversity. This iterative phenomenological study sought positive and negative subjective interpretations from five former adult refugees. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. One superordinate theme, authentic self in the irreconcilable loss of refugee trauma, overarched four subordinate themes, refugee trauma, refugeeism, life is a gift, and authenticity in posttraumatic growth, which mapped the participants’ journeys from hopelessness and fear, to a determined rediscovery of ‘self’. Rather than avoidance and hypervigilent behaviours representing psychological pathology, these participants used both behaviours as coping strategies for reconciling the traumatic loss of family and familial support, culture, country, financial and social stability, and security as a refugee, recognizing the need to welcome a future out of a past that could not be reconciled.
Limitations of the Right to Have Rights: The Case of Denmark
Authors: Bell Nathan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe growing dimensions of the global refugee crisis have led to considerable attention being paid by theorists to Hannah Arendt’s notion of the ‘right to have rights’ (RTHR), concerning the right to asylum. There is a historical asylum case which Arendt privileged as exemplary, in relation to both asylum and political action: the refuge provided by Denmark for its Jewish citizens, and some Jewish refugees, during the Second World War. I argue that reading Arendt’s reflections on the RTHR alongside her writings on the Denmark case provides greater illumination of both. The scope of the rescue of Jewish people in Denmark is arguably not as laudable as Arendt maintained, as Denmark placed restrictions upon the entry of refugees into its territory. This critique reconfigures the import of the RTHR in relation to Arendt’s writings on plurality as the ‘law of the earth’.
Geographical Trajectories of Refugees in Sweden: Uncovering Patterns and Drivers of Inter-Regional (Im)mobility
Authors: Vogiazides Louisa , Mondani Hernan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany countries actively seek to disperse refugees to counteract residential segregation or/and take measures to attract and retain international migrants in smaller communities to mitigate or reverse population decline. This study explores the regional distribution and inter-regional mobility among refugees in Sweden. It uses individual-level register data to follow two cohorts for 8 years after their arrival in Sweden, distinguishing between refugees subject to a placement policy in the 1990s and recent cohorts that either had arranged their own housing or had been assigned housing. It uses sequence analysis and multinomial logit regression to analyse regional trajectories, and event history analysis to examine mobility determinants. The results indicate that most refugees remained in the same type of region throughout the period. A significant proportion of refugees with assigned housing in large city or small city/rural regions stayed there over a long period, suggesting that refugee settlement policies have long-lasting consequences.
The Media and Displacements: News Frames of Victims of Herders/Farmers Conflict in Nigeria
Authors: Oyeoku Eke Kalu , Gever Verlumun Celestine , Alu Nkem Fortunes , Ukpai Eke N , Obikwelu Chizoba , Onuora Chijioke Noel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study examined media framing of internally displaced persons (IDPs) of the conflict between farmers and herdsmen in Nigeria. In doing so, particular attention was paid to source, frames, language, and solution suggested. The researchers adopted a mixed method of content analysis and structured interview. Therefore, a total of 279 newspaper stories, 161 TV stories, and 47 radio stories were examined for duration of 4 years. Also, a total of 20 journalists were interviewed for the study. In the area of theory, the study used framing theory to ground the study. Data from content analysis of the news frames were handled statistically, while descriptive and inferential statistics were used only as tools for organizing, summarizing, and presenting the empirical data. Data from oral interviews were handled using thematic analysis. Result showed that the framing of IDPs differs across the different media examined.
Peritonitis from perforated sigmoid mass as the first manifestation of metastatic squamous cell lung cancer: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Chandra Raghav , Dogeas Epameinondas , Nevarez Nicole , Augustine Mathew , Huerta Sergio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is an aggressive malignancy with early metastatic spread and poor prognosis. Gastrointestinal metastases from primary LC are extremely rare with highly variable presentations. In this report, we review the case of a patient who presented with peritonitis secondary to perforated sigmoid mass as the first manifestation of metastatic squamous cell LC.
CaASR1 promotes salicylic acid- but represses jasmonic acid-dependent signaling to enhance the resistance of Capsicum annuum to bacterial wilt by modulating CabZIP63
Authors: Huang Jinfeng , Shen Lei , Yang Sheng , Guan Deyi , He Shuilin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
CabZIP63 acts positively in the resistance of pepper (Capsicum annuum) to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum or tolerance to high-temperature/high-humidity stress, but it is unclear how CabZIP63 achieves its functional specificity against R. solanacearum. Here, CaASR1, an abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-inducible protein of C. annuum, was functionally characterized in modulating the functional specificity of CabZIP63 during the defense response of pepper to R. solanacearum. In pepper plants inoculated with R. solanacearum, CaASR1 was up-regulated before 24 h post-inoculation but down-regulated thereafter, and was down-regulated by high-temperature/high-humidity stress. Data from gene silencing and transient overexpression experiments indicated that CaASR1 acts as a positive regulator in the immunity of pepper against R. solanacearum and a negative regulator of thermotolerance. Pull-down combined with mass spectrometry revealed that CaASR1 interacted with CabZIP63 upon R. solanacearum infection; the interaction was confirmed by microscale thermophoresis and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays.CaASR1 silencing upon R. solanacearum inoculation repressed CabZIP63-mediated transcription from the promoters of the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent CaPR1 and CaNPR1, but derepressed transcription of CaHSP24 and the jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent CaDEF1. Our findings suggest that CaASR1 acts as a positive regulator of the defense response of pepper to R. solanacearum by interacting with CabZIP63, enabling it to promote SA-dependent but repress JA-dependent immunity and thermotolerance during the early stages of infection.
Nutrition-mediated cell and tissue-level anatomy triggers the covariation of leaf photosynthesis and leaf mass per area
Authors: Lu Zhifeng , Ren Tao , Li Jing , Hu Wenshi , Zhang Jianglin , Yan Jinyao , Li Xiaokun , Cong Rihuan , Guo Shiwei , Lu Jianwei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Plants in nutrient-poor habitats converge towards lower rates of leaf net CO2 assimilation (Aarea); however, they display variability in leaf mass investment per area (LMA). How a plant optimizes its leaf internal carbon investment may have knock-on effects on structural traits and, in turn, affect leaf carbon fixation. Quantitative models were applied to evaluate the structural causes of variations in LMA and their relevance to Aarea in rapeseed (Brassica napus) based on their responses to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and boron (B) deficiencies. Leaf carbon fixation decreased in response to nutrient deficiency, but the photosynthetic limitations varied greatly depending on the deficient nutrient. In comparison with Aarea, the LMA exhibited diverse responses, being increased under P or B deficiency, decreased under K deficiency, and unaffected under N deficiency. These variations were due to changes in cell- and tissue-level carbon investments between cell dry mass density (N or K deficiency) and cellular anatomy, including cell dimension and number (P deficiency), or both (B deficiency). However, there was a conserved pattern independent of nutrient-specific limitations—low nutrient availability reduced leaf carbon fixation but increased carbon investment in non-photosynthetic structures, resulting in larger but fewer mesophyll cells with a thicker cell wall but a lower chloroplast surface area appressed to the intercellular airspace, which reduced the mesophyll conductance and feedback-limited Aarea. Our results provide insight into the importance of mineral nutrients in balancing the leaf carbon economy by coordinating leaf carbon assimilation and internal distribution.
The Te[N ii]–Te[O iii] temperature relation in H ii regions and the reliability of strong-line methods
Authors: Arellano-Córdova K Z , Rodríguez M 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We use a sample of 154 observations of 124 H ii regions that have measurements of both Te[O iii] and Te[N ii], compiled from the literature, to explore the behaviour of the Te[O iii]–Te[N ii] temperature relation. We confirm that the relation depends on the degree of ionization and present a new set of relations for two different ranges of this parameter. We study the effects introduced by our temperature relations and four other available relations in the calculation of oxygen and nitrogen abundances. We find that our relations improve slightly on the results obtained with the previous ones. We also use a sample of 26 deep, high-resolution spectra to estimate the contribution of blending to the intensity of the temperature-sensitive line [O iii] λ4363, and we derive a relation to correct Te[O iii] for this effect. With our sample of 154 spectra, we analyse the reliability of the R, S, O3N2, N2, ONS, and C strong-line methods by comparing the metallicity obtained with these methods with the one implied by the direct method. We find that the strong-line methods introduce differences that reach ∼0.2 dex or more, and that these differences depend on O/H, N/O, and the degree of ionization.
The turbulence driving parameter of molecular clouds in disc galaxies
Authors: Körtgen Bastian 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Supersonic turbulence plays a pivotal role during the formation of molecular clouds and stars in galaxies. However, little is known about how the fraction of compressive and solenoidal modes in the velocity field evolves over time and how it depends on properties of the molecular cloud or the galactic environment. In this work, we carry out magnetohydrodynamical simulations of disc galaxies and study the time evolution of the turbulence driving parameter for an ensemble of clouds. We find that the time-averaged turbulence driving parameter is insensitive to the position of the cloud within the galaxy. The ensemble-averaged driving parameter is found to be rather compressive with b ∼ 0.5–0.7, indicating almost time-independent global star formation properties. However, each individual cloud shows a highly fluctuating driving parameter, which would strongly affect the cloud’s star formation rate. We find that the mode of turbulence driving can rapidly change within only a few Myr, both from solenoidal to compressive and vice versa. We attribute these changes to cloud collisions and to tidal interactions with clouds or overdensities in the environment. Last, we find no significant differences in the average driving parameter between hydrodynamic and initially strongly magnetized galaxies. However, the magnetic field tends to reduce the overall fluctuation of the driving parameter. The average driving and its uncertainty are seen to be in agreement with recent constraints on the turbulence driving mode for solar neighbourhood clouds.
Estimating supermassive black hole masses in active galactic nuclei using polarization of broad Mg ii, H α, and H β lines
Authors: Savić Đorđe , Popović L Č , Shablovinskaya E , Afanasiev V L 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
For type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) for which the equatorial scattering is the dominant broad-line polarization mechanism, it is possible to measure the supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass by tracing the Keplerian motion across the polarization plane position angle φ. So far, this method has been used for 30 objects but only for H α emission line. We explore the possibilities of this method for determining SMBH masses using polarization in broad emission lines by applying it for the first time to Mg ii λ2798 Å spectral line. We use three-dimensional (3-D) Monte Carlo radiative transfer code stokes for simultaneous modelling of equatorial scattering of H α, H β, and Mg ii lines. We included vertical inflows and outflows in the Mg ii broad-line region (BLR). We find that polarization states of H α and H β lines are almost identical and SMBH-mass estimates differ by 7 per cent. For Mg ii line, we find that φ exhibits an additional ‘plateau’ with a constant φ, which deviates than the profiles expected for pure Keplerian motion. SMBH-mass estimates using Mg ii line are higher by up to 35 per cent than those obtained from H α and H β lines. Our model shows that for vertical inflows and outflows in the BLR that are higher or comparable to the Keplerian velocity, this method can be applied as a first approximation for obtaining SMBH mass.
Detection of very-high-energy gamma-ray transients with monitoring facilities
Authors: La Mura G , Chiaro G , Conceição R , De Angelis A , Pimenta M , Tomé B 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The observation of very-high-energy γ-rays (VHE γ-rays, $E \gt 100\,$ GeV) has ledto the identification of extremely energetic processes and particle-acceleration sites both within our Galaxy and beyond. It is expected that VHE facilities, such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array, will explore these sources with an unprecedented level of detail. However, the transient and unpredictable nature of many important processes means that their observation requires the development of proper monitoring strategies. In this study, we estimate the properties of VHE transients that can be effectively detected by monitoring facilities. We use data collected by the Fermi-LAT instrument during its monitoring campaign to select events that are probably associated with VHE emission. We use this sample to estimate the frequency, the luminosity and the time-scales of various transients, focusing on blazar flares and gamma-ray bursts. We discuss how the balance between the field of view, sensitivity and duty cycle of an observatory affects the likelihood of detecting transients that occur at the inferred rates, and we conclude by describing the contribution that current and near-future monitoring facilities can make to the identification and study of VHE transient emission.