bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satisfaction With the Quality Nursing Work Environment Among Psychiatric Nurses Working in Acute Care General Hospitals
Authors: LIN Chiou-Fen , LAI Fu-Chih , HUANG Way-Ren , HUANG Chung-I , HSIEH Chia-Jung 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact on patient care quality of a positive, high-quality environment that is tailored to the practice of nursing. This study enabled nurses to show their professional skills and knowledge, which may help enhance job satisfaction. To date, little research has been done to assess the relationship between the nursing work environment and the job satisfaction of psychiatric nurses employed in acute wards of general hospitals.

Purpose
This study was designed to explain the relationship between job satisfaction and the perceived indicators of a quality nursing work environment (QNWE) after adjusting for demographic characteristics and work characteristics.

Methods
A cross-sectional correlational design was employed, and a stratified random sample of 185 psychiatric nurses (99% response rate) working in acute wards in Taiwan was surveyed in 2013. Nurses were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire that included measures of perceived QNWE and job satisfaction and demographic variables.

Results
A statistically significant, positive relationship was found between perceived indicators of QNWE and job satisfaction (r = .813, p < .001). In the hierarchical multiple linear regression model, for the subdimensions of QNWE, the variables “perceived indicators of professional specialization and teamwork” and “support and caring” showed a significant and positive association with job satisfaction, after adjusting for personal demographic characteristics.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
Job satisfaction is related to the perception of nurses regarding their work environment. Therefore, nursing managers should improve workplace satisfaction by supporting and caring for nurses and creating better career development and teamwork opportunities for nurses through job training and planning.
Synthetic apparent diffusion coefficient for high b-value diffusion weighted MRI in Prostate
Authors: Sahoo Prativa , Rockne Russell , Alexander Jung , Gupta Pradeep K , Gupta Rakesh K 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeIt has been reported that diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with ultrahigh b-value increases the diagnostic power of prostate cancer. DWI imaging with higher b-values is challenging as it commonly suffers from low signal to noise ratio (SNR), distortion and longer scan time. The aim of our study was to develop a technique for quantification of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for higher b-values from lower b-value DW images.Materials and MethodsFifteen patient (7 malignant, 8 benign) with prostate cancer were included in this study retrospectively with the institutional ethical committee approval. All images were acquired at 3T MR scanner. The ADC values were calculated using mono-exponential model. Synthetic ADC (sADC) for higher b-value were computed using a log-linear model. Contrast ratio (CR) between prostate lesion and normal tissue on synthetic DWI (sDWI) was computed and compared with original DWI and ADC images.ResultsNo significant difference was observed between actual ADC and sADC for b-2000 in all prostate lesions. However; CR increased significantly (p=0.002, paired t-test) in sDWI as compared to DWI. Malignant lesions showed significantly lower sADC as compared to benign lesion (p=0.0116, independent t-test). Mean (±standard deviation) of sADC of malignant lesions was 0.601±0.06 and for benign lesions was 0.92 ± 0.09 (10−3mm2/s).Discussion / ConclusionOur initial investigation suggests that the ADC values corresponding to higher b-value can be computed using log-linear relationship derived from lower b-values (b≤1000). Our method might help clinician to decide the optimal b-value for prostate lesion identification.
Mosquito exposure and malaria morbidity; a micro-level analysis of household mosquito populations and malaria in a population-based longitudinal cohort in western Kenya
Authors: O’Meara Wendy Prudhomme , Simmons Ryan , Bullins Paige , Freedman Betsy , Abel Lucy , Mangeni Judith , Taylor Steve M. , Obala Andrew A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMalaria morbidity is highly overdispersed in the population. Fine-scale differences in mosquito exposure may partially explain this heterogeneity. However, exposure variability has not been related to individual malaria outcomes.MethodsWe established a cohort of 38 households to explore the effect of household-level mosquito exposure and individual insecticide treated net(ITN) use on relative risk(RR) of diagnostically-confirmed malaria. We conducted monthly active surveillance (n=254; 2,624 person-months) and weekly mosquito collection in all households (2,092 household-days of collection). We used molecular techniques to confirm human blood feeding and exposure to infectious mosquitoes.ResultsOf 1,494 female anopheles (89.8% Anopheles gambiae s.l.). 88.3% were fed, 51.9% had a human bloodmeal, and 9.2% were sporozoite-infected. 168 laboratory-confirmed malaria episodes were reported (incidence rate 0.064 episodes per person-month at risk, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.055,0.074). Malaria risk was directly associated with exposure to sporozoite-infected mosquitoes (RR=1.24, 95%CI:1.11,1.38). No direct effect was measured between ITN use and malaria morbidity, however, ITN use did moderate the effect of mosquito exposure on morbidity.ConclusionsMalaria risk increases linearly with vector density and feeding success for persons with low ITN use. In contrast, malaria risk among high ITN users is consistently low and insensitive to variation in mosquito exposure.SummaryIn this study, we measure the relationship between fine-scale spatio-temporal heterogeneity in exposure to infected and successfully-fed malaria vectors, the incidence of malaria, and their interaction with ITN use in a population-based cohort.
Previously undetected superspreading ofMycobacterium tuberculosisrevealed by deep sequencing
Authors: Lee Robyn S. , Proulx Jean-François , McIntosh Fiona , Behr Marcel A. , Hanage William P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTuberculosis disproportionately affects the Canadian Inuit. To address this, it is imperative we understand transmission dynamics in this population. We investigate whether ‘deep’ sequencing can provide additional resolution compared to standard sequencing, using a well-characterized outbreak from the Arctic (2011-2012, 50 cases). Samples were sequenced to ~500-1000x and reads were aligned to a novel local reference genome generated with PacBio SMRT sequencing. Consensus and heterogeneous variants were identified and compared across genomes. In contrast with previous genomic analyses using ~50x depth, deep sequencing allowed us to identify a novel super-spreader who likely transmitted to up to 17 other cases during the outbreak (35% of all cases that year). It is increasingly evident that within-host diversity should be incorporated into transmission analyses; deep sequencing can facilitate accurately detection of super-spreaders and corresponding transmission clusters. This has implications not only for TB, but all genomic studies of transmission - regardless of pathogen.
Geographical distribution of Anopheles stephensi in eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Balkew Meshesha , Mumba Peter , Dengela Dereje , Yohannes Gedeon , Getachew Dejene , Yared Solomon , Chibsa Sheleme , Murphy Matthew , George Kristen , Lopez Karen , Janies Daniel , Choi Sae Hee , Spear Joseph , Irish Seth R. , Carter Tamar E. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe recent detection of the South Asian malaria vector An. stephensi in Ethiopia and other regions in the Horn of Africa has raised concerns about its potential impact on malaria transmission. We report here findings of survey for this species in eastern Ethiopia using both morphological and molecular methods for species identification.MethodsAdult and larval/pupal collections were conducted at ten sites in eastern Ethiopia and Anopheles specimens’ species were determined using standard morphological keys and genetic analysis.ResultsIn total, 2,231 morphologically identified An. stephensi were collected. A molecular approach incorporating both PCR endpoint assay and sequencing of portions of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) loci confirmed the identity of the An. stephensi in most cases (119/124 of the morphologically identified An. stephensi confirmed molecularly). Additionally, we observed Aedes aegypti larvae and pupae at many of the An. stephensi larval habitats.ConclusionsOur findings show that An. stephensi is widely distributed in eastern Ethiopia and highlight the need for further surveillance in the southern, western and northern parts of the country and throughout the Horn of Africa.
Junction-skipping regulation in complex disease
Authors: Liu Ruize , Karjalainen Juha , Byrnes Andrea , Cummings Beryl B. , Gormley Padhraig , Ruan Yunfeng , Park Yongjin , Hou Lei , Nguyen Khoi T. , Xavier Ramnik , Daly Mark J. , Huang Hailiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultiple mRNA isoforms can be generated from a single gene locus through alternative splicing. Abnormality in alternative splicing has been linked to many human disorders. Here using RNA-seq data from 48 tissues from GTEx v7 release and summary statistics from GWAS of complex diseases and traits, we present a study to identify genomic variants regulating junction-skipping with the goal to understand their contribution to complex diseases and traits. For each tissue, we found 48 - 575 junction-skipping events regulated by genomic variants. We performed fine-mapping on both the junction-skipping association and 23 complex disease and trait associations and mapped them to 95% credible sets. We found 13 - 279 junction-skipping regulations were mapped to a credible set with ≤5 variants. On the genome-wide scale, we noted a clear disease-tissue specificity. Results from this approach provided critical insights into the functional mechanism of the genetic disease associations and contributed to our understanding of the genetic architecture of human complex disorders.
Persistent DNA Hyper-methylation Dampens Host Anti-Mycobacterial Immunity
Authors: DiNardo Andrew R. , Rajapakshe Kimal , Nishiguchi Tomoki , Mtetwa Godwin , Dlamini Qiniso , Kahari Jaqueline , Mahapatra Sanjana , Kay Alexander , Maphalala Gugu , Mace Emily , Grimm Sandra L. , Makedonas George , Cirillo Jeffrey D , Netea Mihai G. , van Crevel Reinout , Coarfa Cristian , Mandalakas Anna M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has co-evolved with humans for millennia and developed multiple mechanisms to evade host immunity. Restoring host immunity in order to shorten existing therapy and improve outcomes will require identifying the full complement by which host immunity is inhibited. Perturbing host DNA methylation is a mechanism induced by chronic infections such as HIV, HPV, LCMV and schistosomiasis to evade host immunity. Here, we evaluated the DNA methylation status of TB patients and their asymptomatic household contacts demonstrating that TB patients have DNA hyper-methylation of the IL-2-STAT5, TNF-NF-ϰB and IFN-γ signaling pathways. By MSRE-qPCR, multiple genes of the IL-12-IFN-γ signaling pathway (IL12B, IL12RB2, TYK2, IFNGR1, JAK1 and JAK2) were hyper-methylated in TB patients. The DNA hyper-methylation of these pathways is associated with decreased immune responsiveness with decreased mitogen induced upregulation of IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6 and IL-1β production. The DNA hyper-methylation of the IL-12-IFN-γ pathway was associated with decreased IFN-γ induced gene expression and decreased IL-12 inducible up-regulation of IFN-γ. This work demonstrates that immune cells from TB patients are characterized by DNA hyper-methylation of genes critical to mycobacterial immunity resulting in decreased mycobacteria-specific and non-specific immune responsiveness.
Menstrual hygiene management practice and factors affecting it among high school females in Ambo City, Oromia state, Ethiopia, 2018: A cross-sectional mixed method
Authors: Shallo Seifadin Ahmed , Willi Wakeshi , Abubekar Abuzumeran 
Published: October 2019

I.AbstractBackgroundThough menstruation is normal physiology in the females’ life, if not managed safely, it can interrupt daily activity or it may lead to health problems. Poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities in schools, inadequate puberty education and lack of hygienic menstrual hygiene management items (absorbents) cause girls to experience menstruation as shameful and uncomfortable. This study aimed to assess the extent of unsafe menstrual hygiene practice and factors influencing it among school females in Ambo, Ethiopia.Methodsan institutional-based mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted from March 01 to 15/2018 to collect data from 364 school females, teachers, and investigators observation. To collect the data, self-administered technique, interview, observational and FGD techniques were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 20. Uni-variate, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were done. With 95% CI, the P-value of less than 0.05 was taken as the level of significance.Resultsthe prevalence of the unsafe menstrual hygiene management practice was 53.6%, which implies urgent response from the stakeholders is of paramount importance. Factors such as the age of the females, frequency of discussing menses with mothers and source of information about menses were variables significantly associated with menstrual hygiene management practice.Conclusion and RecommendationHigh numbers of school females’ menstrual hygiene management were poorly managed. This implies urgent measure is needed from the stakeholders to solve these problems so that sustainable development goal number 3, 4 and 5 will be achieved. To rid off the current problems which school females are facing, comprehensive and different sectors collaboration is important. Specifically, education sectors, water and sanitation sectors, and health sectors bear the frontline responsibilities.
Egg activation triggers clearance of maternally deposited RNA binding proteins
Authors: Zavortink Michael , Rutt Lauren N. , Dzitoyeva Svetlana , Barrington Chloe , Bilodeau Danielle Y. , Wang Miranda , Chen Xiao Xiao Lily , Rissland Olivia S. 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARYThe maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is a conserved step in animal development, where control is passed from the maternal genome to the zygotic one. Although the MZT is typically considered from its impact on the transcriptome, we previously found that three maternally depositedDrosophilaRNA binding proteins (ME31B, Trailer Hitch [TRAL], and Cup) are also cleared during the MZT by unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that these proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Kondo, an E2 conjugating enzyme, and the E3 CTLH ligase are required for the destruction of ME31B, TRAL, and Cup. Importantly, despite occurring hours earlier, egg activation establishes the timer for clearance of these proteins by activating the Pan Gu kinase, which in turn stimulates translation ofKondomRNA. In other words, egg activation triggers a series of regulatory events that culminate in the degradation of maternally deposited RNA binding proteins several hours later. Clearance of the maternal protein dowry thus appears to be a coordinated, but as-yet underappreciated, aspect of the MZT.HIGHLIGHTSDegradation of ME31B requires the PNG kinase, but not fertilizationThe ubiquitin-proteasome system degrades ME31B via CTLH E3 ligase and the UBC-E2H/Kondo ubiquitin-conjugating enzymeThe association of ME31B with the CTLH complex does not require PNG activityPNG kinase mediates the translational upregulation of Kondo at egg activation
Pathological circadian rhythm states driven by CK2 and noise
Authors: Malik Z. , Fatima Y. , Alam J. , Singh R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCircadian rhythm maintains sleep–wake cycle in living systems. Disruption of this rhythm may cause diseases. We propose an extended Drosophila circadian rhythm model incorporating cross-talk of CK2 with Per protein. We studied the model using stochastic simulation algorithm, and the behavior of the amplitude, time period and permutation entropy us identify three distinct circadian states namely,active, weak activity, active, weak activityandrhythmic deathall driven by CK2. These states may correspond to distinct pathological cellular states of the living system. Noise, an important factor, has ability to switch normal circadian rhythm to any of the three aforementioned circadian states. Fluctuations in system’s size, can help us in deterning the extent of noise present. We also highlighted that disruption in circadian rhythm may lead to various diseases including cancer. We present various cellular pathways driven by per mutant genes and their pathological states.Statement of significanceCircadian rhythm, which is one of the most important biological rhythm, regulates and intervenes various cellular processes. Significant changes in the rhythmic dynamics may lead to pathological states which may trigger various diseases. In this work, the impact of CK2 via per gene mutants on rhythmic dynamics is investigated, and found three distinct states, namely,active, weak activityandrhythmic deathdriven by CK2 which may correspond to various cellular states. Noise due to intrinsic random molecular events and cellular size variability is found to have the capability of regulating and controlling rhythmic properties, and can trigger to the three rhythmic states. We then listed various possible pathways which are regulated by per gene mutants and corresponding various possible pathological states.
Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Endocardial Defect in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Miao Yifei , Tian Lei , Martin Marcy , Paige Sharon L. , Galdos Francisco X. , Li Jibiao , Guttman Alyssa , Wei Yuning , Moonen Jan-Renier , Zhang Hao , Ma Ning , Zhang Bing , Grossfeld Paul , Mital Seema , Chitayat David , Wu Joseph C. , Rabinovitch Marlene , Nelson Timothy J. , Nie Shuyi , Wu Sean M. , Gu Mingxia 
Published: October 2019

SummaryHypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is one of the most challenging forms of congenital heart diseases. Previous studies were mainly focused on intrinsic defects in myocardium. However, this does not sufficiently explain the abnormal development of the cardiac valve, septum, and vasculature, known to originate from the endocardium. Here, using single-cell RNA profiling, induced pluripotent stem cells, and human fetal heart tissue with an underdeveloped left ventricle, we identified a developmentally impaired endocardial population in HLHS. The intrinsic endocardial deficits contributed to abnormal endothelial to mesenchymal transition, NOTCH signaling, and extracellular matrix organization, all of which are key factors in valve formation. Consequently, endocardial abnormalities conferred reduced proliferation and maturation of cardiomyocytes through a disrupted fibronectin-integrin interaction. Several recently described HLHS de novo mutations were associated with abnormal endocardial gene and FN1 regulation and expression. Our studies provide a rationale for considering endocardial function in future regenerative strategies for HLHS.
Comparative review of business group affiliates and firms’ performance
Authors: Lin Chinho , Nguyen Hoang Cong , Tran Ha Hoang 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to synthesize empirical results relating to antecedents influencing differences in performance between business group (BG) affiliated firms and independent firms in emerging economies.Design/methodology/approachA metanalysis was conducted in this research in which samples were collected, and a continuous data set for figuring the differentiation between group and non-group variables was selected and analyzed. These variables included performance, diversification, ownership characteristics, firm characteristics and group characteristics.FindingsThe research presents a set of hypotheses from a model that shows the influences of factors moderating the differences between the performance of BG affiliates and independent firms, including governance and the kinds of strategic choices which these firms make. Four of the five hypotheses were totally supported, showing the importance of differentiating affiliates’ and independent firms’ performance in terms of ownership concentration, dividend payout, leverage, R&D, as well as diversification and a firm’s age and size.Originality/valueThe study focused its research on an examination of pyramid and cross-holding groups in order to reveal the role of the core firms. It also examines ownership concentration, as well as internal relationships with capital structure, and the effect which these have on firm performance, in order to further understand the relationship among BGs, corporate governance and performance in emerging-market economies.
Over-tourism and sustainable consumption of resources through sharing: the role of government
Authors: Agyeiwaah Elizabeth 
Published: October 2019

PurposeOver-tourism signifies the dilemma of managing tourism growth in cities. With growing media sensationalism and an oversimplification of the phenomenon of over-tourism, its academic theorization has become extremely important. Using Macau, a Special Administrative Region of China as a case in point, the purpose of this paper is to theoretically explore the nexus between over-tourism and sustainable consumption in cities, highlighting governments’ inevitable role in this successful convergence.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a selective systematic literature review (SLR) of existing studies in the form of both news material and academic journals. It investigates the growing concern of over-tourism and the contribution of sustainable consumption grounded in strong political support. It also adopts a case study approach with specific reference to Macau.FindingsThe general overview of the literature provides evidence of an age-old concept that has re-emerged to make local residents’ voice more pronounced. Generally, the studies concentrate on understanding residents’ attitudes, the perceived impact of over-tourism, community resilience and sustainable strategies to tackle the problem. Most popular studies are recent (i.e. 2018 and beyond) and empirically set in developed cities of Europe.Research limitations/implicationsThe SLR used in the current study requires further empirical testing to validate some of the proposed concepts in the literature.Practical implicationsThe study highlights the role of government in ensuring that sustainable consumption is sustainably implemented in the context of over-tourism.Originality/valueGiven the re-emergence of over-tourism, yet with few theoretical discussions on the concept, this study serves as a knowledge-base for future studies both empirically and theoretically.