bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inductive conformal prediction for silent speech recognition
Authors: Zhang Ming , Wang You , Zhang Wei , Yang Meng , Luo Zhiyuan , Li Guang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective. Silent speech recognition based on surface electromyography has been studied for years. Though some progress in feature selection and classification has been achieved, one major problem remains: how to provide confident or reliable prediction. Approach. Inductive conformal prediction (ICP) is a suitable and effective method to tackle this problem. This paper applies ICP with the underlying algorithm of random forest to provide confidence and reliability. We also propose a method, test time data augmentation, to use ICP as a way to utilize unlabelled data in order to improve prediction performance. Main Results. Using ICP, p-values and confidence regions for individual predictions are obtained with a guaranteed error rate. Test time data augmentation also outputs relatively better conformal predictions as more unlabelled training data accumulated. Additionally, the validity and efficiency of ICP under different significance levels are demonstrated and evaluated on the silent speech recognition dataset obtained by our own device. Significance. These results show the viability and effectiveness of ICP in silent speech recognition. Moreover, ICP has potential to be a powerful method for confidence predictions to ensure reliability, both in data augmentation and online prediction.
Volume of the set of LOCC-convertible quantum states
Authors: Cunden Fabio Deelan , Facchi Paolo , Florio Giuseppe , Gramegna Giovanni 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The class of quantum operations known as local operations and classical communication (LOCC) induces a partial ordering on quantum states. We present the results of systematic numerical computations related to the volume (with respect to the unitarily invariant measure) of the set of LOCC-convertible bipartite pure states, where the ordering is characterised by an algebraic relation known as majorization. The numerical results, which exploit a tridiagonal model of random matrices, provide quantitative evidence that the proportion of LOCC-convertible pairs vanishes in the limit of large dimensions, and therefore support a previous conjecture by Nielsen. In particular, we show that the problem is equivalent to the persistence of a non-Markovian stochastic process and the proportion of LOCC-convertible pairs decays algebraically with a nontrivial persistence exponent. We extend this analysis by investigating the distribution of the maximal success probability of LOCC-conversions. We show a dichotomy in behaviour between balanced and unbalanced bipartitions. In the latter case the asymptotics is somehow surprising: in the limit of large dimensions, for the overwhelming majority of pairs of states a perfect LOCC-conversion is not possible; nevertheless, for most states there exist local strategies that succeed in achieving the conversion with a probability arbitrarily close to one. We present strong evidence of a universal scaling limit for the maximal probability of successful LOCC-conversions and we suggest a connection with the typical fluctuations of the smallest eigenvalue of Wishart random matrices.
The Kibbutz and the Ashram: Sarvodaya Agriculture, Israeli Aid, and the Global Imaginaries of Indian Development
Authors: Siegel Benjamin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the first two decades of Indian independence, members of the Sarvodaya movement—India’s popular, non-state program for Gandhian social uplift—sought to partner with representatives of Israel’s developmental apparatus to build a communal agricultural settlement at Gandhi’s former ashram. Working against the lure of large-scale, Nehruvian development, Cold War politics, and cool formal diplomatic relations between the two countries, Indian votaries of small-scale rural uplift saw in Israeli collective agriculture the chance to give Gandhian “constructive work” a practical program rooted in voluntary, village-based socialism—a goal that eluded Gandhi himself. Israeli planners saw their work with Indian civil society as a means of securing the formal diplomatic sanction largely stymied by India’s relationship with the broader Muslim world. Gandhi’s vision of the Indian “village Republic” and the Israeli model of agrarian collectivism both owed their origins to nineteenth-century utopian thought, and both projects felt anachronistic by the time of their decade-long joint effort, whose initial promise succumbed to realpolitik and the hegemony of the developmental state. Yet their work foregrounds the enduring international stake that Indian civil society maintained in development and nation-building, long presumed to have withered with the arrival of the nation-state.
Historians and Ethics: Finding Anne Moody
Authors: Hamlin Françoise N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Anne Moody is best known for her 1968 autobiography, Coming of Age in Mississippi, which documented her first twenty-two years growing up in the Magnolia State, and her activism as part of the mass movement for civil rights before she fled the South. While the book was an instant success, assigned for decades in schools, colleges, and universities, we know little about Moody’s life thereafter. This essay tackles some of that history, and delves into the ethics of finding someone who did not want to be found and left nothing for researchers—yet a few legally obtained boxes containing sensitive personal information that highlighted trauma and mental illness became available for a couple of years in a university archive. The essay discusses some of the ethical issues historians must navigate as they follow research leads, and implicitly underscores the importance of personal and professional integrity in the method and product historians utilize and create.
Association of neuroinflammation with episodic memory: a [11C]PBR28 PET study in cognitively discordant twin pairs
Authors: Lindgren Noora , Tuisku Jouni , Vuoksimaa Eero , Helin Semi , Karrasch Mira , Marjamäki Päivi , Kaprio Jaakko , Rinne Juha O 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is associated with chronic response of innate immune system, referred as neuroinflammation. PET radioligands binding to the 18 kDa translocator protein are potential biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Translocator protein PET studies in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease have indicated controversial results, possibly reflecting interindividual variation and heterogeneity of study populations. We controlled for genetic and environmental effects by studying twin pairs discordant for episodic memory performance. Episodic memory impairment is a well-known cognitive hallmark of early Alzheimer’s disease process. Eleven same-sex twin pairs (four monozygotic pairs, six female pairs, age 72–77 years) underwent [11C]N-acetyl-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-2-phenoxy-5-pyridinamine ([11C]PBR28) PET imaging, structural magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing in 2014–17. Main PET outcome was the volume-weighted average standardized uptake value of cortical regions vulnerable to Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Ten pairs were discordant for episodic memory performance. In the eight pairs with identical translocator protein genotype, twins with poorer episodic memory had ∼20% higher cortical [11C]PBR28 binding compared with their better-performing co-twins (mean intra-pair difference 0.21 standardized uptake value, 95% confidence interval 0.05–0.37, P = 0.017). The result remained the same when including all discordant pairs and controlling for translocator protein genotype. Increased translocator protein PET signal suggests that increased microglial activation is associated with poorer episodic memory performance. Twins with worse episodic memory performance compared with their co-twins had on average 20% higher uptake of the neuroinflammatory marker translocator protein PET tracer 11[11C]PBR28. The findings support a negative association between neuroinflammation and episodic memory and the use of translocator protein positron emission tomography as a useful indicator of Alzheimer’s disease process.
Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity, Spatial Memory, and Neurotransmitter Receptor Expression Are Profoundly Altered by Gradual Loss of Hearing Ability
Authors: Beckmann Daniela , Feldmann Mirko , Shchyglo Olena , Manahan-Vaughan Denise 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSensory information comprises the substrate from which memories are created. Memories of spatial sensory experience are encoded by means of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Hippocampal dependency on sensory information is highlighted by the fact that sudden and complete loss of a sensory modality results in an impairment of hippocampal function that persists for months. Effects are accompanied by extensive changes in the expression of neurotransmitter receptors in cortex and hippocampus, consistent with a substantial adaptive reorganization of cortical function. Whether gradual sensory loss affects hippocampal function is unclear. Progressive age-dependent hearing loss (presbycusis) is a risk factor for cognitive decline. Here, we scrutinized C57BL/6 mice that experience hereditary and cumulative deafness starting in young adulthood. We observed that 2–4 months postnatally, increases in the cortical and hippocampal expression of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor occurred compared to control mice that lack sensory deficits. Furthermore, GABA and metabotropic glutamate receptor expression were significantly altered. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity was profoundly impaired and mice exhibited significant deficits in spatial memory. These data show that during cortical adaptation to cumulative loss of hearing, plasticity-related neurotransmitter expression is extensively altered in the cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, cumulative sensory loss compromises hippocampal function.
Direct Parabrachial–Cortical Connectivity
Authors: Grady Fillan , Peltekian Lila , Iverson Gabrielle , Geerling Joel C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The parabrachial nucleus (PB) in the upper brain stem tegmentum includes several neuronal subpopulations with a wide variety of connections and functions. A subpopulation of PB neurons projects axons directly to the cerebral cortex, and limbic areas of the cerebral cortex send a return projection directly to the PB. We used retrograde and Cre-dependent anterograde tracing to identify genetic markers and characterize this PB–cortical interconnectivity in mice. Cortical projections originate from glutamatergic PB neurons that contain Lmx1b (81%), estrogen receptor alpha (26%), and Satb2 (20%), plus mRNA for the neuropeptides cholecystokinin (Cck, 48%) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (Calca, 13%), with minimal contribution from FoxP2+ PB neurons (2%). Axons from the PB produce an extensive terminal field in an unmyelinated region of the insular cortex, extending caudally into the entorhinal cortex, and arcing rostrally through the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with a secondary terminal field in the medial prefrontal cortex. In return, layer 5 neurons in the insular cortex and other prefrontal areas, along with a dense cluster of cells dorsal to the claustrum, send a descending projection to subregions of the PB that contain cortically projecting neurons. This information forms the neuroanatomical basis for testing PB–cortical interconnectivity in arousal and interoception.
Jurisdiction, State Immunity, and Judgments in the Restatement (Fourth) of US Foreign Relations Law
Authors: Dodge William S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In 2018, the American Law Institute published the Restatement (Fourth) of Foreign Relations Law, which restates the law of the United States governing jurisdiction, state immunity, and judgments. These issues arise with great frequency in international cases brought in US courts, including cases involving Chinese parties. This article provides an overview of many of the key provisions of the Restatement (Fourth). The article describes the Restatement (Fourth)’s treatment of the customary international law of jurisdiction, as well the rules of US domestic law based on international comity that US courts apply when deciding international cases.
Medicinal Cannabis for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Survey of Perspectives, Experiences, and Current Use in Australian Patients
Authors: Benson Melissa J , Abelev Sarah V , Connor Susan J , Corte Crispin J , Martin Lewis J , Gold Lucy K , Suraev Anastasia S , McGregor Iain S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Medicinal cannabis (MC) is an increasingly utilized treatment option for various refractory diseases. While robust clinical evidence supporting MC efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is lacking, many IBD patients report using MC to obtain symptomatic relief. Understanding this use and associated outcomes may help inform future clinical trials.

Methods
A cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted involving Australians with IBD. It examined attitudes and experiences with MC in relation to IBD management. The survey included validated sub-questionnaires assessing quality of life, medication adherence, IBD severity, and functional impairment.

Results
A total of 838 responses were obtained. Results showed 25.3% (n = 212) of respondents were current or previous users of MC (18.1% current, 7.2% previous). Half of the current users also consumed cannabis recreationally although less frequently than for medicinal purposes. Cannabis consumption was via smoking (joints 34.2%; water pipe/bongs 14.5%) or as an oral liquid (19.7%) with products obtained from recreational dealers (44.6%), friends/family (26.1%), or self-grown (9.8%). Only 3 respondents reported using legally accessed products. Clinical ratings of IBD severity did not differ according to cannabis use although users reported more hospitalizations, less engagement with specialist services, and lower medication adherence. IBD symptoms reported as positively affected by cannabis included abdominal pain, stress, sleep, cramping, and anxiety. Most users (92.7%) endorsed cannabis as effective in symptom management. Cannabis-using ulcerative colitis patients reported better quality of life than nonusers on some measures.

Conclusion
Many patients in Australia are using illicit MC to manage their IBD. Further clinical trials are required to validate, or refute, patient claims around MC efficacy for symptom control in IBD.
Settlement, Identity, and Memory in the Latin East: An Examination of the Term ‘Crusader States’
Authors: Buck Andrew D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In a recent article, Christopher MacEvitt posited that historians should eschew the term ‘crusader states’ to describe the four polities formed in the Levant and Syria as a result of the First Crusade (the kingdom of Jerusalem, the principality of Antioch, and the counties of Edessa and Tripoli), arguing that crusading and its remembrance had little influence in the east, and so these states should not be viewed as extensions of the west. This paper seeks to offer a critical response to this by making use of the methodological approaches which have recently traced the emergence, influence and definitions of crusading in the Latin West and have re-situated the movement within broader patterns of elite behaviours and cultural identities. The aim, therefore, is to examine the processes of identity formation among Latin settlers in the east, the active remembrance and memorialisation of the First Crusade, and, most especially, what influence the latter had over the nature of inter-cultural contact. It does so by adopting an interdisciplinary approach, which incorporates textual, literary, vernacular, documentary, material and artistic evidence. It will be argued that, although the term ‘crusader state’ cannot be used in a monolithic sense, it nevertheless remains a crucial medium through which to understand the complex social and cultural history of the Latin polities of Outremer, as well as their impact on the Near East. Examination of this concept not only contributes to modern understanding of these states, it also lends greater depth to historiographical discussions on the nature of the crusading movement as a whole.
Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases in the Netherlands: data from the Dutch Lung Cancer Audit for Surgery
Authors: van Dorp Martijn , Beck Naomi , Steup Willem Hans , Schreurs Wilhelmina Hendrika 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Surgical resection is widely employed as a potential curative treatment option for patients with limited lung metastases originating from a wide range of primary tumours. However, there are no clear national or international practice guidelines and, thereby, the risk for potential practice variation exists. This study aims to define the current practice for the surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases in the Netherlands by using data from the Dutch Lung Cancer Audit for Surgery (DLCA-S).

METHODS
Data from the DLCA-S were used to analyse patients undergoing a parenchymal lung resection for the treatment of pulmonary metastases between 2012 and 2017. Volume of metastasectomies per hospital was calculated as a proportion of the volume of primary lung cancer resection. Studied outcomes were overall complications and postoperative mortality and complicated course. For the latter, both the national average and between-hospital variation were calculated.

RESULTS
A total of 2090 patients, distributed over 45 Dutch hospitals, were included for analysis. The most common primary cancer was colorectal carcinoma (N = 1087, 52.0%) followed by the urogenital carcinoma (N = 296, 14.2%). The most common type of parenchymal resection was a wedge resection (N = 1477, 70.7%) followed by a lobectomy (N = 424, 20.3%). Resection was performed minimally invasively in 1548 patients (74.1%) with a conversion rate of 3.8%. Resection of a solitary metastasis was performed in 1663 patients (79.6%). In 40 patients (1.9%), 4 or more metastases were resected. A postoperative complicated course was noted in 3.6%, and the 30-day mortality rate was 0.7%. The variety between hospitals in the volume of metastasectomies in proportion to the volume of primary lung cancer resections was 3.4–41.5%.

CONCLUSIONS
This analysis of the DLCA-S registry provides a unique insight into current practice on pulmonary metastasectomies in the Netherlands over a 6-year period. The rate of postoperative adverse outcome was limited, and the morbidity and mortality were lower compared to primary lung cancer resections in the DLCA-S database.
Human anelloviruses: diverse, omnipresent and commensal members of the virome
Authors: Kaczorowska Joanna , van der Hoek Lia 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Anelloviruses are small, single stranded circular DNA viruses. They are extremely diverse and have not been associated with any disease so far. Strikingly, these small entities infect most probably the complete human population, and there are no convincing examples demonstrating viral clearance from infected individuals. The main transmission could be via fecal-oral or airway route, as infections occur at an early age. However, due to the lack of an appropriate culture system, the virus–host interactions remain enigmatic. Anelloviruses are obviously mysterious viruses, and their impact on human life is not yet known, but, with no evidence of a disease association, a potential beneficial effect on human health should also be investigated.
Regulation of calcium dynamics and propagation velocity by tissue microstructure in engineered strands of cardiac tissue
Authors: Petersen Andrew P , Cho Nathan , Lyra-Leite Davi M , Santoso Jeffrey W , Gupta Divya , Ariyasinghe Nethika R , McCain Megan L 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDisruptions to cardiac tissue microstructure are common in diseased or injured myocardium and are known substrates for arrhythmias. However, we have a relatively coarse understanding of the relationships between myocardial tissue microstructure, propagation velocity and calcium cycling, due largely to the limitations of conventional experimental tools. To address this, we used microcontact printing to engineer strands of cardiac tissue with eight different widths, quantified several structural and functional parameters and established correlation coefficients. As strand width increased, actin alignment, nuclei density, sarcomere index and cell aspect ratio decreased with unique trends. The propagation velocity of calcium waves decreased and the rise time of calcium transients increased with increasing strand width. The decay time constant of calcium transients decreased and then slightly increased with increasing strand width. Based on correlation coefficients, actin alignment was the strongest predictor of propagation velocity and calcium transient rise time. Sarcomere index and cell aspect ratio were also strongly correlated with propagation velocity. Actin alignment, sarcomere index and cell aspect ratio were all weak predictors of the calcium transient decay time constant. We also measured the expression of several genes relevant to propagation and calcium cycling and found higher expression of the genes that encode for connexin 43 (Cx43) and a subunit of L-type calcium channels in thin strands compared to isotropic tissues. Together, these results suggest that thinner strands have higher values of propagation velocity and calcium transient rise time due to a combination of favorable tissue microstructure and enhanced expression of genes for Cx43 and L-type calcium channels. These data are important for defining how microstructural features regulate intercellular and intracellular calcium handling, which is needed to understand mechanisms of propagation in physiological situations and arrhythmogenesis in pathological situations.
Whole-genome analyses identify loci and selective signals associated with body size in cattle
Authors: Chen Qiuming , Huang Bizhi , Zhan Jingxi , Wang Junjie , Qu Kaixing , Zhang Fengwei , Shen Jiafei , Jia Peng , Ning Qingqing , Zhang Jicai , Chen Ningbo , Chen Hong , Lei Chuzhao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Body size plays a key role in production, health, selection, and environmental adaptation of animals, but the genetic basis of body size variation is not clearly understood. Here, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 15 body size traits using autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from whole-genome sequences of 31 Brahman cattle and 131 Yunling cattle and identified 20 significant loci, which implicated 18 candidate genes. For ischium width, the most significant SNP was assigned to LCORL, a famous gene controlling body size. For chest width, the most significant SNP was located upstream of BMP5, a secreted ligand of transformation growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins involved in bone and cartilage development. Subsequently, we detected selective sweeps in Brahman cattle using integrated Haplotype Score, composite likelihood ratio, and nucleotide diversity. The results showed CNTNAP5 locus associated with hip cross height and LIMCH1 locus associated with forehead size were in selective signals, which were consistent with higher hip cross height and higher forehead size in Brahman cattle compared with Yunling cattle. Our findings provide genetic insights into variation and selection of body size using GWAS and selective signals and will accelerate future efforts aimed at cattle improvement.