bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phoretic Liquid Metal Micro/Nanomotors as Intelligent Filler for Targeted Microwelding
Authors: Wang Yong , Duan Wendi , Zhou Chao , Liu Qing , Gu Jiahui , Ye Heng , Li Mingyu , Wang Wei , Ma Xing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMicro/nanomotors (MNMs) have emerged as active micro/nanoplatforms that can move and perform functions at small scales. Much of their success, however, hinges on the use of functional properties of new materials. Liquid metals (LMs), due to their good electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, and flexibility, have attracted considerable attentions in the fields of flexible electronics, biomedicine, and soft robotics. The design and construction of LM‐based motors is therefore a research topic with tremendous prospects, however current approaches are mostly limited to macroscales. Here, the fabrication of an LM‐MNM (made of Galinstan, a gallium–indium–tin alloy) is reported and its potential application as an on‐demand, self‐targeting welding filler is demonstrated. These LM‐MNMs (as small as a few hundred nanometers) are half‐coated with a thin layer of platinum (Pt) and move in H2O2 via self‐electrophoresis. In addition, the LM‐MNMs roaming in a silver nanowire network can move along the nanowires and accumulate at the contact junctions where they become fluidic and achieve junction microwelding at room temperature by reacting with acid vapor. This work presents an intelligent and soft nanorobot capable of repairing circuits by welding at small scales, thus extending the pool of available self‐propelled MNMs and introducing new applications.
Repelling Polysulfides Using White Graphite Introduced Polymer Membrane as a Shielding Layer in Ambient Temperature Sodium Sulfur Battery
Authors: Vijaya Kumar Saroja Ajay Piriya , Rajamani Arunkumar , Muthusamy Kamaraj , Sundara Ramaprabhu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHerein, a strategy is demonstrated to effectively control the sodium polysulfide dissolution using composite polymer blend membrane. The sufficient interconnected pores in the white graphite introduced polymer blend membrane plays a multifunctional role as an ion selective membrane, evident from the ionic conductivity of 10−3 S cm−1 facilitating the movement of sodium ions and the presence of boron and nitrogen in white graphite acts as an effective absorbent to trap sodium polysulfides. The electrochemical testing reveals significant improvement of about 87.6% in specific capacity when compared to the cell without white graphite@ polymer membrane. Also, the cell exhibits an excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 83.1% at the end of 500 cycles. Other than the performance enhancement, the self‐discharge battery is significantly reduced using the developed membrane. The better performance of the room temperature sodium sulfur battery is attributed to the physical and chemical confinement of composite polymer membrane which is also evident from the post analysis study. This is the first attempt of utilizing composite polymer membrane as a blocking layer in room temperature sodium sulfur batteries and is promising for the construction of high performance batteries.
Pd/Cu‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Sequential Heck/Sonogashira Coupling: Asymmetric Synthesis of Oxindoles Containing Trifluoromethylated Quaternary Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Bai Xingfeng , Wu Caizhi , Ge Shaozhong , Lu Yixin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn asymmetric palladium and copper co‐catalyzed Heck/Sonogashira reaction between o‐iodoacrylanilides and terminal alkynes to synthesize chiral oxindoles was developed. In particular, a wide range of CF3‐substituted o‐iodoacrylanilides reacted with terminal alkynes, affording the corresponding chiral oxindoles containing trifluoromethylated quaternary stereogenic centers in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (94–98 % ee). This asymmetric Heck/Sonogashira reaction provides a general approach to access oxindole derivatives containing quaternary stereogenic centers including CF3‐substituted ones.
Peri‐operative brachial plexus injury following self‐positioning for stereotactic radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Hoerner E. , Bale R. , Gasteiger L. , Putzer D. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryA 71‐year‐old woman with a known accessory cervical rib and distinct scoliosis was scheduled for elective, percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency ablation of a non‐resectable intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma. Patient positioning and fixation using a Bluebag fixation system (Medical Intelligence, Schwabmünchen, Germany) and a dedicated adjustable armrest were customised in the patient while awake. In order to provide safe conditions for mask ventilation and tracheal intubation, the patient was returned to standard supine positioning without changing the position of the armrest. Following the induction of general anaesthesia, the patient's arm was returned to the previously defined position. Upon completion of the procedure and emergence from anaesthesia, the patient immediately reported symptoms of severe brachial plexus damage. Therefore, we suggest that awake positioning according to current recommendations does not completely preclude the possibility of neurologic injury.
Coupled Genomic Evolutionary Histories as Signatures of Organismal Innovations in Cephalopods
Authors: Ritschard Elena A. , Whitelaw Brooke , Albertin Caroline B. , Cooke Ira R. , Strugnell Jan M. , Simakov Oleg 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHow genomic innovation translates into organismal organization remains largely unanswered. Possessing the largest invertebrate nervous system, in conjunction with many species‐specific organs, coleoid cephalopods (octopuses, squids, cuttlefishes) provide exciting model systems to investigate how organismal novelties evolve. However, dissecting these processes requires novel approaches that enable deeper interrogation of genome evolution. Here, the existence of specific sets of genomic co‐evolutionary signatures between expanded gene families, genome reorganization, and novel genes is posited. It is reasoned that their co‐evolution has contributed to the complex organization of cephalopod nervous systems and the emergence of ecologically unique organs. In the course of reviewing this field, how the first cephalopod genomic studies have begun to shed light on the molecular underpinnings of morphological novelty is illustrated and their impact on directing future research is described. It is argued that the application and evolutionary profiling of evolutionary signatures from these studies will help identify and dissect the organismal principles of cephalopod innovations. By providing specific examples, the implications of this approach both within and beyond cephalopod biology are discussed.
In‐situ SHINERS Study of the Size and Composition Effect of Pt‐based Nanocatalysts in Catalytic Hydrogenation
Authors: Wang Chen , Chen Xing , Chen Tian‐Ming , Wei Jie , Qin S.‐N. , Zheng Ju‐Fang , Zhang Hua , Tian Zhong‐Qun , Li Jian‐Feng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the structure‐activity relationship of catalytic reactions at a molecular level still remains a great challenge. Herein, shell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) is employed to in‐situ study the catalytic hydrogenation of para‐nitrothiophenol (pNTP) on Pt‐based nanocatalysts with different size and composition. The nanocatalysts are assembled on pinhole‐free shell‐isolate nanoparticles (SHINs), which work as Raman amplifiers to enhance the Raman signals of species on the catalysts, allowing the in‐situ monitoring of catalytic reactions carried out on the catalysts. Using this strategy, we find that the catalytic activity of the Pt nanocatalysts shows a volcanic trend with the Pt size, and that PtM (M=Ni or Cu) bimetallic nanocatalysts display much higher performance compared with Pt due to better activation of the nitro group. This work demonstrates that SHINERS is a promising technique for in‐situ study of nanocatalysis thus can deepen the understanding of the behaviors of different catalysts.
Chemistry Escape – Finde den Weg
Authors: Groß Katharina , Schumacher Andrea 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDer außerschulische Lernort ELKE für Schülerinnen und Schüler zeichnet sich durch curricular anbindungsfähige Inhalte und eine kompetenzorientierte Gestaltung aus und zielt darauf ab, eine lernwirksame Vernetzung des Schülerlabors mit dem Chemieunterricht zu erreichen. In dem Beitrag wird die Konzeption eines neuen Experimentiertages „Chemistry escape – Finde den Weg“, der in Form eines escape room aufgebaut wurde, für das Schülerlabor ELKEOberstufe sowohl inhaltlich als auch in seiner didaktischen Ausgestaltung vorgestellt.
A fine‐grained loop‐level parallel approach to efficient fuzzy community detection in complex networks
Authors: Muñoz‐Caro Camelia , Niño Alfonso , Reyes Sebastián 
Published: October 2019

SummaryDetermining the inner organizational structure of sets of networked elements is of paramount importance to analyze real‐world systems such as social, biological, or economic networks. To such an end, it is necessary to identify communities of interrelated nodes within the networks. Recently, a fuzzy community detection approach based on the minimization of a topological error functional has been proposed in the form of a gradient‐based algorithm design pattern. However, the intrinsic quadratic algorithmic complexity of the procedure limits the problem size that can be efficiently treated. Here, we extend the ability of this approach to analyze larger networks resorting to parallelism. Thus, we identify the concurrency sources in the gradient‐based algorithm design pattern. To determine the parallelization limits, we develop a two‐dimensional performance model as a function of the number of processors and network size. The model permits to compute the maximum possible speedup. Another model is presented to find the maximum problem size tractable in a given amount of time. Application of the previous models to a set of benchmark networks shows that parallelization enhances the proposed fuzzy community detection approach in more than an order of magnitude. This allows treatment of networks with several hundred thousand nodes in a time frame of hours.
Differential gene expression in chronic wasting disease‐positive white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Authors: Trone‐Launer Emma K. , Wang Jun , Lu Guoqing , Mateus‐Pinilla Nohra E. , Zick Paige R. , Lamer James T. , Shelton Paul A. , Jacques Christopher N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) that affects cervid species throughout North America. We evaluated gene expression in white‐tailed deer collected by Illinois Department of Natural Resource wildlife managers during annual population reduction (e.g., sharpshooting) and disease monitoring efforts throughout the CWD‐endemic area of northcentral Illinois. We conducted comparative transcriptomic analysis of liver and retropharyngeal lymph node tissue samples between CWD‐positive (n = 5) and CWD‐not detected (n = 5) deer. A total of 74,479 transcripts were assembled, and 51,661 (69.36%) transcripts were found to have matched proteins in NCBI‐NR and UniProt. Our analysis of functional categories showed 40,308 transcripts were assigned to at least one Gene Ontology term and 37,853 transcripts were involved in at least one pathway. We identified a total of 59 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CWD‐positive deer, of which 36 and 23 were associated with liver and retropharyngeal lymph node tissues, respectively. Functions of DEGs lend support to previous relationships between misfolded PrP and cellular membranes (e.g., STXBP5), and internal cellular components. We identified several genes that suggest a link between CWD and retroviruses and identified the gene ADIPOQ that acts as a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist. This gene may lead to reduced production of TNF and impact disease progression and clinical symptoms associated with CWD (i.e., wasting syndrome). Use of candidate genes identified in this study suggests the activation of endogenous processes in CWD‐positive deer, which in turn may enable earlier detection of the disease.
Fear in dreams and in wakefulness: Evidence for day/night affective homeostasis
Authors: Sterpenich Virginie , Perogamvros Lampros , Tononi Giulio , Schwartz Sophie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent neuroscientific theories have proposed that emotions experienced in dreams contribute to the resolution of emotional distress and preparation for future affective reactions. We addressed one emerging prediction, namely that experiencing fear in dreams is associated with more adapted responses to threatening signals during wakefulness. Using a stepwise approach across two studies, we identified brain regions activated when experiencing fear in dreams and showed that frightening dreams modulated the response of these same regions to threatening stimuli during wakefulness. Specifically, in Study 1, we performed serial awakenings in 18 participants recorded throughout the night with high‐density electroencephalography (EEG) and asked them whether they experienced any fear in their dreams. Insula and midcingulate cortex activity increased for dreams containing fear. In Study 2, we tested 89 participants and found that those reporting higher incidence of fear in their dreams showed reduced emotional arousal and fMRI response to fear‐eliciting stimuli in the insula, amygdala and midcingulate cortex, while awake. Consistent with better emotion regulation processes, the same participants displayed increased medial prefrontal cortex activity. These findings support that emotions in dreams and wakefulness engage similar neural substrates, and substantiate a link between emotional processes occurring during sleep and emotional brain functions during wakefulness.
A novel platform to evaluate the dampening of water and solute transport in an experimental channel under unsteady flow conditions
Authors: Majdalani Samer , Moussa Roger , Chazarin Jean‐Philippe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a novel platform to study the dampening of water and solute transport in an experimental channel under unsteady flow conditions, where literature data are scarce. We address the question about what could be the smallest size of experimental platform that is useful for research, project studies, and teaching activities and that allows to do rational experiments characterized by small space occupation, short experimental duration, high measurement precision, high quality and reproducible experimental curves, low water and energy consumption, and the possibility to test a large variety of hydrograph scenarios. Whereas large scale hydraulic laboratories have focused their studies on sediment transport, our platform deals with solute transport. The objectives of our study are (a) building a platform that allows to do rational experiments, (b) enriching the lack of experimental data concerning water and solute transport under unsteady state conditions, and (c) studying the dampening of water and solute transport. We studied solute transport in a channel with lateral gain and lateral loss under different experimental configurations, and we show how the same lateral loss flow event can lead to different lateral loss mass repartitions under different configurations. In order to characterize water and solute dampening between the input and the output of the channel, we calculate dampening ratios based on peak coordinates of time flow curves and time mass curves and that express the decrease of peak amplitude and the increase of peak occurrence time between the input and output curves. Finally, we use a solute transport model coupling the diffusive wave equation for water transfer and the advection–diffusion equation for solute transport in order to simulate the experimental data. The simulations are quite good with a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency NSE > 0.98 for water transfer and 0.84 < NSE < 0.97 for solute transport. This platform could serve hydrological modellers because it offers a variety of measured parameters (flow, water height, and solute concentration), at a fine time step under unsteady flow conditions.
Gut microbiome and cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Sun Jin‐Yu , Yin Tai‐Lang , Zhou Jianhua , Xu Jiang , Lu Xiao‐Jie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGut microbiome has received significant attention for its influences on a variety of host functions, especially immune modulation. With the next‐generation sequencing methodologies, more knowledge is gathered about gut microbiome and its irreplaceable role in keeping the balance between human health and diseases is figured out. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are one of the most innovational cancer immunotherapies across cancer types and significantly expand the therapeutic options of cancer patients. However, a proportion of patients show no effective responses or develop immune‐related adverse events when responses do occur. More important, it is demonstrated that the therapeutic response or treatment‐limiting toxicity of cancer immunotherapy can be ameliorated or diminished by gut microbiome modulation. In this review, we first introduce the relationship between gut microbiome and cancer immunotherapy. And then, we expound the impact of gut microbiome on efficacy and toxicity of cancer immunotherapy. Further, we review approaches to manipulating gut microbiome to regulate response to ICIs. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and propose future directions to improve cancer immunotherapy via gut microbiome manipulation.
Knowledge and attitudes of Parkinson’s disease risk in the Gaucher population
Authors: Zaretsky Leah , Zeid Natasha , Naik Hetanshi , Alcalay Roy N. , Balwani Manisha 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIndividuals with Gaucher disease have an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease as compared to the general population. Though the association is well‐known in the scientific community, it is unclear if individuals with Gaucher disease are being counseled on the increased risk. To date, no studies have been performed assessing whether Gaucher disease patients are aware of the increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, it is unknown how and when individuals with Gaucher disease wish to learn of the increased risk. To assess this, an online survey was administered to Gaucher disease patients. We hypothesized that most individuals with Gaucher disease have been informed of the risk, and that they wish to be told of the risk by their health care provider at the time of diagnosis. Study results revealed that of 125 individuals with Gaucher disease, 80% previously knew about the association with Parkinson's disease, 83.7% preferred to find out about the increased risk from a health care provider, and 71.0% wanted to find out at the time of Gaucher disease diagnosis. These results suggest that health care providers should counsel Gaucher disease patients about the increased Parkinson's disease risk, and they should do so at the time of diagnosis.
Prospective Multicenter Study of the Safety of Gadoteridol in 6163 Patients
Authors: Cho Sung Bum , Lee A‐Leum , Chang Hyuk Won , Kim Kyeong Ah , Yoo Won Jong , Yeom Jeong A. , Rho Myung Ho , Kim Sung Jin , Lim Yun‐jung , Han Miran 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe safety of gadolinium‐based contrast agents is of fundamental importance.PurposeTo determine the frequency and severity of immediate‐type adverse reactions to approved doses of gadoteridol in patients referred for routine gadoteridol‐enhanced MRI in actual clinical practice settings.Study TypeProspective, observational.PopulationIn all, 6163 subjects were enrolled (mean age: 56.7 ± 15.4 years; range: 6–93 years).Field Strength/Sequence1.5T and 3.0T.AssessmentAssessment was of immediate adverse reactions by the investigating radiologist using the MedDRA System Organ Class and preferred term.Statistical TestsSummary statistics for continuous variables, descriptive statistics for demographic characteristics.ResultsOverall, 19 adverse events occurred in 13 (0.21%) patients, of which 15 in 10 (0.16%) patients were considered related to gadoteridol administration. These events were evenly distributed between male and female subjects and all occurred in adults. Twelve of the 15 related events in eight (0.13%) patients were considered mild in intensity (rapidly self‐resolving), while the remaining three events in two patients (0.03%) were considered moderate in intensity. None were of severe intensity and no serious adverse events occurred.Data ConclusionThe rate of immediate‐type adverse events following exposure to approved doses of gadoteridol is extremely low, and mostly limited to transient and self‐resolving symptoms.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:861–868.
Using spectral matching to interpret LC‐MS/MS data during RNA modification mapping
Authors: Paulines Mellie June , Wetzel Collin , Limbach Patrick A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile a number of approaches have been developed to analyze liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) data obtained from modified oligonucleotides, the majority of these methods require analyzing every MS/MS spectrum de novo to sequence the oligonucleotide and place the modification. Spectral matching is an alternative approach for analyzing MS/MS data that is based on creating a library of annotated MS/MS spectra against which individual MS/MS data can be searched. Here, we have adapted the existing NIST spectral matching software to enable its use in the interpretation of MS/MS data obtained from modified oligonucleotides. In particular, we demonstrate the utility of this approach to identify specific post‐transcriptionally modified nucleosides in particular transfer RNAs (tRNAs) obtained through a conventional RNA modification mapping experimental protocol. Spectral matching was found to be an efficient approach for screening for known modified tRNAs by using the experimental data as the library and previously annotated RNase T1 digestion products of tRNAs as the reference spectra. The utility of spectral matching for rapid analysis of multiple LC‐MS/MS analyses was demonstrated by screening mutant strains of Streptococcus mutans to identify the enzyme(s) responsible for synthesizing the tRNA position 37 modification threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A).
Lipase of Pseudomonas guariconesis as an additive in laundry detergents and transesterification biocatalysts
Authors: Devi Rajan , Madhavan Nampoothiri Kesavan , Sukumaran Rajeev Kumar , Sindhu Raveendran , Arumugam Muthu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA newly isolated culture, Pseudomonas guariconesis, is reported for the first time for lipase production. Various process parameters affecting enzyme production were optimized through statistical design experiments. The Plackett–Burman experimental design was used for screening 10 parameters for lipase production, which was further optimized using the central composite design of response surface methodology. Maximum lipase activity of 220 U/ml was obtained after 24 h of incubation in shake‐flask cultures with an inoculum concentration of 0.6% v/v, incubation temperature of 30°C, and medium pH 9.0. Castor oil (0.5% v/v) was used as the inducer for lipase production. The enzyme was found to be compatible with five different commercial detergents, indicating its potential to be used in detergent formulations. It also acted as a biocatalyst in a transesterification process. The alkaline enzyme was found to be stable in the presence of bleaching agents, metal ions, and organic solvents as well.