bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To play or not to play? The relationship between active video game play and electrophysiological indices of food‐related inhibitory control in adolescents
Authors: Smith Joshua L. , Carbine Kaylie A. , Larson Michael J. , Tucker Larry A. , Christensen William F. , LeCheminant James D. , Bailey Bruce W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSedentary behaviors, such as computer use and sedentary video games, are barriers to physical activity, contribute to overweight and obesity among adolescents, and can adversely affect eating behaviors. Active video games may increase daily physical activity levels among adolescents and improve food‐related inhibitory control. We compared the effects of acute bouts of active and sedentary video gaming on event‐related potential (ERP) indices of food‐related inhibitory control, energy expenditure, and ad libitum eating. In a within‐subjects design, 59 adolescent participants (49% female, Mage = 13.29 ± 1.15) completed two separate counterbalanced, 60‐min long video gaming sessions separated by seven days. Immediately after, participants completed two go/no‐go tasks with high‐ and low‐calorie images and N2 and P3 ERP amplitudes were measured. Participants also completed a Stroop task and were given high‐ and low‐calorie snacks to consume ad libitum. Results indicated that active relative to sedentary video games significantly increased energy expenditure on multiple measures (e.g., METs, heart rate, kcals burned) and participants consumed more calories after the active compared to the sedentary video game session. N2 amplitudes were larger when participants inhibited to high‐ compared to low‐calorie foods, suggesting that high‐calorie foods necessitate increased the recruitment of inhibitory control resources; however, there were non‐significant differences for the N2 or P3 amplitudes, accuracy or response times, and Stroop performance between active versus sedentary video game sessions. Overall, sixty minutes of active video gaming increased energy expenditure and food consumption but did not significantly alter neural or behavioral measures of inhibitory control to food stimuli.
Phenobarbital and midazolam suppress neonatal seizures in a noninvasive rat model of birth asphyxia, whereas bumetanide is ineffective
Authors: Johne Marie , Römermann Kerstin , Hampel Philip , Gailus Björn , Theilmann Wiebke , Ala‐Kurikka Tommi , Kaila Kai , Löscher Wolfgang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveNeonatal seizures are the most frequent type of neurological emergency in newborn infants, often being a consequence of prolonged perinatal asphyxia. Phenobarbital is currently the most widely used antiseizure drug for treatment of neonatal seizures, but fails to stop them in ~50% of cases. In a neonatal hypoxia‐only model based on 11‐day‐old (P11) rats, the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide was reported to potentiate the antiseizure activity of phenobarbital, whereas it was ineffective in a human trial in neonates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of clinically relevant doses of bumetanide as add‐on to phenobarbital on neonatal seizures in a noninvasive model of birth asphyxia in P11 rats, designed for better translation to the human term neonate.MethodsIntermittent asphyxia was induced for 30 minutes by exposing the rat pups to three 7 + 3–minute cycles of 9% and 5% O2 at constant 20% CO2. Drug treatments were administered intraperitoneally either before or immediately after asphyxia.ResultsAll untreated rat pups had seizures within 10 minutes after termination of asphyxia. Phenobarbital significantly blocked seizures when applied before asphyxia at 30 mg/kg but not 15 mg/kg. Administration of phenobarbital after asphyxia was ineffective, whereas midazolam (0.3 or 1 mg/kg) exerted significant antiseizure effects when administered before or after asphyxia. In general, focal seizures were more resistant to treatment than generalized convulsive seizures. Bumetanide (0.3 mg/kg) alone or in combination with phenobarbital (15 or 30 mg/kg) exerted no significant effect on seizure occurrence.SignificanceThe data demonstrate that bumetanide does not increase the efficacy of phenobarbital in a model of birth asphyxia, which is consistent with the negative data of the recent human trial. The translational data obtained with the novel rat model of birth asphyxia indicate that it is a useful tool to evaluate novel treatments for neonatal seizures.
What is equine hoarding and can ‘motivational interviewing’ training be implemented to help enable behavioural change in animal owners?
Authors: Williams B. , Harris P. , Gordon C. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryAnimal hoarding is one of the most complex, costly and difficult to manage animal welfare issues, but it is poorly understood and little researched. In addition to the considerable welfare issues and animal suffering, animal hoarding has a significant impact on the humans involved, as well as their communities and the environment. The hoarding of equines is not uncommon, but it is not specifically recognised or addressed in the published literature. There is also very little information published about any interventions that can be successful with those who are, or are at risk of, animal hoarding. One intervention that has been briefly mentioned is Motivational Interviewing, a well‐researched and evidenced intervention used across a range of difficult to change human health behaviours, including substance misuse and other addictions. This paper describes the evaluation of motivational interview training which was delivered after a preliminary exploration of equine welfare officers’ experiences of complex multi‐horse cases which confirmed that equine hoarding occurs. The training taught motivational interviewing skills and theory to equine welfare officers, in order for them to be able to use this approach during their general duties as well as more specifically in equine hoarding cases. The findings indicate that, for many equine welfare workers these skills can be beneficially applied to their caseload and can have good outcomes in the most difficult of areas, that of equine hoarding.
Fatigue performance of laser shock peened Ti6Al4V and Al6061‐T6 alloys
Authors: Maharjan N. , Chan S.Y. , Ramesh T. , Nai P.G. , Ardi D.T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPropagation of fatigue crack in laser shock peened metallic component is retarded by introduction of deep compressive residual stresses during the process. Apart from large compressive residual stress build‐up near the surface, surface topography is also significantly altered during laser shock peening. However, a systematic evaluation of the individual effects of residual stresses and surface topography as well as their interaction effects on fatigue crack initiation and growth is still lacking. This study investigates the effect of laser shock peening on near‐surface properties of Ti6Al4V and Al6061‐T6 alloys and how these changes dictate their overall fatigue performance. Microstructure, surface topography, hardness and residual stress state of the alloys are investigated before and after peening, and four‐point bending fatigue tests are performed to obtain Wöhler curves (S‐N curves) for each case. The results show that both surface residual stresses and surface topography influence the fatigue life of a component. Compressive residual stresses were induced to a depth beyond 1 mm for both alloys. Fatigue life of Ti6Al4V alloy increased by at least 1.28 times after laser shock peening due to the introduction of deep compressive residual stresses with minimal change in surface topography. By contrast, the improvement is nominal for Al6061‐T6 alloy due to the surface roughening effect introduced by laser peening, which results in early crack initiation and negates the beneficial effect of compressive residual stresses.
Oral health is essential for quality of life in older adults: A Swedish National Quality Register Study
Authors: Lindmark Ulrika , Ernsth Bravell Marie , Johansson Linda , Finkel Deborah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between QoL and oral health from two Swedish national quality registries (NQRs). Background: Oral health plays an important part in general health, which might also affect QoL. No studies have examined the relationships between QoL and oral health in late adulthood based on aggregated data from Swedish NQRs.Material and methodsFour NQRs incorporated the EQ‐5D, which assesses 5 aspects of QoL: mobility, self‐care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Items from the Revised Oral Assessment Guide, obtained from the NQR Senior Alert, were used to identify older adults at risk for oral health issues.ResultsA total of 510 individuals had data on all relevant variables. Analyses indicated significantly higher QoL for individuals without risk of oral health problems (M = −0.15 (SD = 1.01)), compared to those with risk (M = −0.75 (SD = 1.52)). Logistic regression analysis showed that lower QoL (OR = 0.69 (0.49, 0.97)), mental status (OR = 0.37 (0.19, 0.71)), lower self‐rated health (OR = 0.59 (0.42, 0.85)) and higher age (OR = 1.07 (1.01, 1.13)) were significantly related to risk of oral health problems. Higher BMI (OR = 1.13 (0.99, 1.30)), living alone (OR = 2.37 (0.93, 6.06)) and more years of education (OR = 1.15 (1.01, 1.31)) were associated with higher risk of oral health problems.ConclusionsOral health is a significant component of quality of life in late adulthood. NQRs are of value for healthy ageing research in populations that may be underrepresented in research studies.
KNOWLEDGE IN MEDIAS RES: TOWARD A MEDIA HISTORY OF SCIENCE, MEDICINE, AND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: GREENE JEREMY A. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTMedia history offers an essential but easily overlooked set of tools for understanding scientific facts as historical processes. This essay argues that the “when” of the specific media through which scientific knowledge is created, disseminated, and taken up as authoritative has played a central part in the “how,” “what,” and “why” of scientific fact‐making as well as our iterative attempts to historicize science, medicine, and technology. Attending explicitly to how new (and old) media engage in the production, circulation, and consumption of knowledge can further help the historian understand dilations and contractions in the threshold of participation in scientific fact‐making itself. Manuscripts, printing presses, cheap newsprint, and open‐source digital publications open up and shut down possibilities of who gets to learn about science as news, who gets to act as a nodal point in the circulation of scientific knowledge, and who is able to make and share an observation about the natural world in the first place. Centering the media of scientific knowledge‐in‐the‐making offers a means of relating the history of science to the broader history of knowledge not in terms of absolute difference but in terms of the specificity of mediation.
Adrenalectomy in Japanese patients with subclinical Cushing syndrome: 1‐mg dexamethasone suppression test to predict the surgical benefit
Authors: Sato Hiroaki , Imamura Yusuke , Sakamoto Shinichi , Sugiura Masahiro , Arai Takayuki , Yamamoto Satoshi , Takeuchi Nobuyoshi , Sazuka Tomokazu , Nakamura Kazuyoshi , Nagano Hidekazu , Koide Hisashi , Tanaka Tomoaki , Komiya Akira , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate whether the result of the 1‐mg dexamethasone suppression test can predict the improvement of comorbidities after adrenalectomy in patients with subclinical Cushing syndrome.MethodsThis retrospective study included 117 subclinical Cushing syndrome patients who underwent adrenalectomy. The numbers of prescribed drugs for metabolic comorbidities and the clinical variables at diagnosis were compared with those at the follow up. Patients were classified into subgroups according to the result of the 1‐mg dexamethasone suppression test.ResultsSignificant improvements in blood pressure, serum cholesterol and body mass index were observed. Furthermore, a significant improvement in glycated hemoglobin was observed in patients with diabetes mellitus. These improvements led to a discontinuation or reduction of prescribed drugs after surgery. In addition, the greatest reduction of prescribed drugs was observed in patients whose serum cortisol levels were between 1.8 and 3.0 µg/dL after the 1‐mg dexamethasone suppression test.ConclusionsThe result of the 1‐mg dexamethasone suppression test can be a useful factor predicting the improvement of comorbidities after adrenalectomy. Current data might give us a new insight into the decision‐making for the treatment of subclinical Cushing syndrome.
Prognostic and predictive value of a mRNA signature in peripheral T‐cell lymphomas: A mRNA expression analysis
Authors: Tu Jiannan , Kuang Zhixing , Xie Xiaoliang , Wu Shizhen , Wu Ting , Chen Shengchi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCurrent international prognostic index is widely questioned on the risk stratification of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma and does not accurately predict the outcome for patients. We postulated that multiple mRNAs could combine into a model to improve risk stratification and helping clinicians make treatment decisions. In this study, the gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to screening genes in selected module which most closely related to PTCLs, and then built a mRNA signature using a LASSO Cox regression model and validated the prognostic accuracy of it. Finally, a nomogram was constructed and the performance was assessed. A total of 799 WGCNA‐selected mRNAs in black module were identified, and a mRNA signature which based on DOCK2, GSTM1, H2AFY, KCNAB2, LAPTM5 and SYK for PTCLs was developed. Significantly statistical difference can be seen in overall survival of PTCLs between low‐risk group and high‐risk group (training set:hazard ratio [HR] 4.3, 95% CI 2.4‐7.4, P < .0001; internal testing set:hazard ratio [HR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.2‐4.8, P < .01; external testing set:hazard ratio [HR] 2.3, 95% CI 1.10‐4.7, P = .02). Furthermore, multivariate regression demonstrated that the signature was an independently prognostic factor. Moreover, the nomogram which combined the mRNA signature and multiple clinical factors suggesting that predicted survival probability agreed well with the actual survival probability. The signature is a reliable prognostic tool for patients with PTCLs, and it has the potential for clinicians to implement personalized therapeutic regimen for patients with PTCLs.
Effect of pollen provision on life‐history parameters of phytoseiid predators under hot and dry environmental conditions
Authors: Urbaneja‐Bernat Pablo , Jaques Josep A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBiological control can be severely disrupted under climate change conditions. This is the case of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae in Spanish citrus orchards, where the omnivorous phytoseiid Euseius stipulatus, the most abundant predator in the system, was highly impacted by hot and dry conditions mimicking future warmer summers. Such a situation can often be compensated by the provision of alternative food to support generalist predators. As a first step to studying whether such a technique could be applied in this case, we studied at laboratory conditions whether pollen could mitigate the negative effects of hotter and drier conditions derived of climate change on three phytoseiids with different diet specializations. In addition to E. stipulatus, these predators, which all together, are considered key for the biological control of T. urticae in citrus, are Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis. Our results confirm the extremely fine‐tuning of T. urticae to hot–dry conditions. They also provide evidence of the poor performance of E. stipulatus, especially in terms of reproduction, compared to the other two phytoseiids at these conditions, even when high‐quality pollen was available. Moreover, access to pollen in combination with T. urticae eggs enhanced survival but reduced predation and oviposition relative to a T. urticae‐only diet for N. californicus and P. persimilis. Therefore, whether the overall effect of pollen would justify its use in citrus to counteract the deleterious effects of a hotter and drier climate on the natural regulation of T. urticae is still controversial.
Genetic diversity and life‐history traits of bonefish Albula spp. from the Red Sea
Authors: Williams Collin T. , McIvor Ashlie J. , Wallace Elizabeth M. , Lin Yu‐Jia , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe management of bonefishes Albula spp. has been hindered by unresolved species distributions and a general lack of life‐history information. This study provides the first genetic species identifications of Albula spp. from the northern Indian Ocean. The roundjaw bonefish Albula glossodonta was documented in the Red Sea, and the smallscale bonefish A. oligolepis was identified in the Gulf of Aden with no evidence supporting sympatry. Estimates of genetic differentiation indicate three closely related lineages of A. glossodonta in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean (Red Sea‐Pacific Ocean, Fst = 0.295; Red Sea‐Seychelles, Fst = 0.193; Pacific Ocean‐Seychelles, Fst = 0.141). In addition, the authors provide the first life‐history information of Albula spp. in the Indian Ocean. Age‐based growth models of A. glossodonta from the Red Sea demonstrated statistically significant differences compared to previously published data from the Pacific Ocean. Spawning activity during winter months was derived from gonado‐somatic index values of A. glossodonta from the Red Sea and corresponded with spawning seasonality previously documented for the species in the Pacific Ocean. The results of this study aid in refining biogeographical uncertainties of Albula spp. and illustrate the importance of collecting regional growth information for subsequent management of A. glossodonta.
Nursing Students’ Knowledge, Competence and Attitudes towards Vital Signs Monitoring during Clinical Practice
Authors: Alshehry Abdualrahman Saeed , Cruz Jonas Preposi , Bashtawi Meshrif Ahmad , Almutairi Khalid Obaid , Tumala Regie B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAim and ObjectiveThis study assessed the perceived knowledge and competence, and the attitude of Saudi nursing students towards vital signs monitoring for detecting patient deterioration during clinical rotation. It also examined the predictors of students’ attitudes.BackgroundOne of the most important uses of vital signs monitoring is the early detection of deterioration. Vital signs monitoring is one of the most frequently assigned tasks to students during clinical rotation. However, the attitudes of nursing students towards vital signs monitoring for detecting clinical deterioration remain unexplored.DesignQuantitative, cross‐sectional design.MethodA convenience sample of 529 baccalaureate nursing students in two universities in Saudi Arabia was surveyed using the V‐scale from October 2019–December 2019. A multivariate multiple regression was implemented to examine the multivariate effect of the predictor variables on the five subscales of the V‐scale. This study adhered to the STROBE checklist.ResultsThe overall attitudes of the students towards VS monitoring can be interpreted as poor to modest. The highest mean was reported in the subscale ‘communication’. The subscales ‘workload’, ‘key indicators’ and ‘technology’ received low mean scores. The university, age, gender, academic year level and perceived knowledge had significant multivariate effects on the five subscales of the V‐scale.ConclusionsThe Saudi nursing students had poor attitudes towards vital signs monitoring, specifically towards the use of technology in vital signs monitoring, the workload associated with vital signs monitoring and vital signs as key indicators of patient deterioration.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe findings reveal the need to improve the curricular content and training of nursing students regarding vital signs and the physiological indicators of clinical deterioration. This study also identified areas that require improvement to ensure positive attitudes among students.
Objective adherence to dental device versus positive airway pressure treatment in adults with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Xu Liyue , Xie Dawei , Griffin Kara S. , Staley Bethany , Wang Ying , Nichols Deborah A. , Benca Ruth M. , Pack Allan I. , Redline Susan , Walsh James K. , Kushida Clete A. , Kuna Samuel T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough mandibular advancement device (MAD) treatment of adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is generally less efficacious than positive airway pressure (PAP), the two treatments are associated, with similar clinical outcomes. As a sub‐analysis of a randomized trial comparing the effect of MAD versus PAP on blood pressure, this study compared objectively measured adherence to MAD versus PAP treatment in adults with OSA. Adults with OSA (age 54.1 ± 11.2 [standard deviation] years, 71.1% male, apnea–hypopnea index 31.6 ± 22.7 events/h) were randomized to MAD (n = 89) or PAP (n = 91) treatment for 3–6 months. Objective adherence was assessed with a thermal sensor embedded in the MAD and a pressure sensor in the PAP unit. In a per protocol analysis, no difference was observed in average daily hours of use over all days in participants on MAD (n = 35, 4.4 ± 2.9 h) versus PAP (n = 51, 4.7 ± 1.6 h, p = .597) treatment when days with missing adherence data were included as no use. MAD was used on a lower percentage of days (62.5 ± 36.4% versus 79.9 ± 19.8%, p = .047), but with greater average daily hours of use on days used (6.4 ± 1.9 h versus 5.7 ± 1.2 h, p = .013). Average daily hours of use in the first week were associated with long‐term adherence to MAD (p < .0001) and PAP (p = .0009) treatment. Similar results were obtained when excluding days with missing adherence data. In conclusion, no significant difference was observed in objectively measured average daily hours of MAD and PAP adherence in adults with OSA, despite differences in the patterns of use. MAD adherence in the first week predicted long‐term use.
Effects of bright light and an afternoon nap on task performance depend on the cognitive domain
Authors: Qian Liu , Ru Taotao , Chen Qingwei , Li Yun , Zhou Ying , Zhou Guofu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrevious research revealed inconsistent effects of bright light or a short nap at noon on alertness and performance across different tasks. The current study aimed to explore whether the effects of bright light and a short nap at noon on task performance depended on the cognitive domain. Bright light (1,200 lx, 4,000 K at eye level), nap (near darkness) and control (200 lx, 4,000 K at eye level) conditions were performed from 1:00 to 1:40 PM on three non‐consecutive days with a counterbalanced order across participants. After being assigned to one of three conditions, participants underwent two repeated test sessions, each including a psychomotor vigilance task, a go/no‐go task, and a paced visual serial addition task, with an interval of more than 1 h, to assess the persistent effects of napping and bright light. Subjective sleepiness, vitality, self‐control and mood were also measured. Results showed that accuracy on the go/no‐go task and the paced visual serial addition task improved significantly throughout the entire experiment session after napping, whereas reaction speed on the paced visual serial addition task improved time‐dependently in the bright light intervention, with a higher reaction speed in only the first test session. Nearly all subjective states benefited from napping but not from bright light. These findings suggested that the effects of bright light and an afternoon nap on task performance would depend on the cognitive domain. An afternoon nap may elicit more effective and persistent benefits on task performance and subjective states.