bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid function in preterm infants and neurodevelopment at 2 years
Authors: Williams Fiona L R , Lindgren Alice , Watson Jennifer , Boelen Anita , Cheetham Timothy 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesPostnatal thyroid dysfunction is common in preterm infants but the relationship between mild dysfunction and neurodevelopment is unclear. Our aim is to describe the relationship between thyroid function and neurodevelopment.DesignCohort analysis.Patients1275 infants born under 31 weeks’ gestation; there were no exclusion criteria.SettingThe infants were part of a UK daily iodine supplementation trial.Main outcomesThyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid-binding globulin and total thyroxine levels were measured in dried blood spots on postnatal days 7, 14, 28 and the equivalent of 34 weeks’ gestation. Neurodevelopment was measured using the Bayley-III Scales of infant development at 2 years of age.ResultsNo infant was identified as hypothyroid through routine screening. The 3% of infants consistently in the top decile of gestationally age-adjusted thyroid-stimulating hormone levels had a reduction in cognitive score of 7 Bayley units when compared with those not in the top decile (95% CI –13 to –1). A reduction in motor composite score of 6 units (95% CI −12 to <−0.1) and fine motor score of 1 unit (95% CI –2 to –0.1) was also identified. The 0.7% of infants consistently in the bottom decile of age-adjusted thyroxine levels had a reduction in motor composite score of 14 units (95% CI –25 to –2) and its two subset scores, fine and gross motor, of 2 units (95% CI respectively −4.5 to <−0.1 and –4.3 to –0.3).ConclusionsPreterm infants with consistent ‘mild’ thyroid dysfunction score less on neurodevelopmental tests at 2 years of age. Many of these infants will not be detected by current clinical protocols or screening programmes.
Congenital monocular elevation deficiency associated with a novelTUBB3gene variant
Authors: Thomas Mervyn G , Maconachie Gail D E , Constantinescu Cris S , Chan Wai-Man , Barry Brenda , Hisaund Michael , Sheth Viral , Kuht Helen J , Dineen Rob A , Harieaswar Sreemathi , Engle Elizabeth C , Gottlob Irene 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe genetic basis of monocular elevation deficiency (MED) is unclear. It has previously been considered to arise due to a supranuclear abnormality.MethodsTwo brothers with MED were referred to Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK from the local opticians. Their father had bilateral ptosis and was unable to elevate both eyes, consistent with the diagnosis of congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles (CFEOM). Candidate sequencing was performed in all family members.ResultsBoth affected siblings (aged 7 and 12 years) were unable to elevate the right eye. Their father had bilateral ptosis, left esotropia and bilateral limitation of elevation. Chin up head posture was present in the older sibling and the father. Bell’s phenomenon and vertical rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex were absent in the right eye for both children. Mild bilateral facial nerve palsy was present in the older sibling and the father. Both siblings had slight difficulty with tandem gait. MRI revealed hypoplastic oculomotor nerve. Left anterior insular focal cortical dysplasia was seen in the older sibling. Sequencing ofTUBB3revealed a novel heterozygous variant (c.1263G>C, p.E421D) segregating with the phenotype. This residue is in the C-terminal H12 α-helix of β-tubulin and is one of three putative kinesin binding sites.ConclusionWe show that familial MED can arise from aTUBB3variant and could be considered a limited form of CFEOM. Neurological features such as mild facial palsy and cortical malformations can be present in patients with MED. Thus, in individuals with congenital MED, consideration may be made forTUBB3mutation screening.
Decrease in serum testosterone levels after short-term occupational exposure to diisononyl phthalate in male workers
Authors: Henrotin Jean-Bernard , Feigerlova Eva , Robert Alain , Dziurla Mathieu , Burgart Manuela , Lambert-Xolin Anne-Marie , Jeandel Fanny , Weryha Georges 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to examine the effects of occupational exposure to diisononyl phthalate (DINP) on serum testosterone levels in male workers.MethodsFrom 2015 to 2018, 97 male workers were recruited from six French factories in the plastics industry. In a short longitudinal study, changes over 3 days in the level of total or free serum testosterone and DINP exposure were measured. DINP exposure was measured by urinary biomonitoring: mono-4-methyl-7-oxo-octyl phthalate (OXO-MINP), mono-4-methyl-7-hydroxy-octyl phthalate (OH-MINP) and mono-4-methyl-7-carboxyheptylphthalate (CX-MINP). We further analysed changes in follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, total testosterone to oestradiol ratio and two bone turnover markers (procollagen-type-I-N propeptide, C terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen), and erectile dysfunction via standardised questionnaires (International Index of Erectile Function, Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males). Linear mixed models were used with the variables ‘age’ and ‘abdominal diameter’ included as confounder.ResultsIncreased urinary OXO-MINP was associated with a significant decrease in total serum testosterone concentrations, but only for workers who exhibited the smallest variations and lowest exposures (p=0.002). The same pattern was observed for CX-MINP but was not significant; no association with OH-MINP was detectable. More self-reported erectile problems were found in workers exposed directly to DINP at the workstation (p=0.01). No changes were observed for the other biological parameters.ConclusionsShort-term exposure to DINP is associated with a decrease in total serum testosterone levels in male workers. Our results suggest that DINP could present weak antiandrogenic properties in humans, but these need to be confirmed by other studies.
Reducing training frequency from 3 or 4 sessions/week to 2 sessions/week does not attenuate improvements in maximal aerobic capacity with reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT)
Authors: Thomas Gavin , Songsorn Preeyaphorn , Gorman Aimee , Brackenridge Ben , Cullen Tom , Fitzpatrick Ben , Metcalfe Richard S. , Vollaard Niels B.J. 
Published: February 2020

In the present randomised-controlled trial we investigated the effect of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) training frequency (2, 3, or 4 sessions/week for 6 weeks) on maximal aerobic capacity in 42 inactive individuals (13 women; mean ± SD age: 25 ± 5 years, maximal aerobic capacity: 35 ± 5 mL·kg−1·min−1). Changes in maximal aerobic capacity were not significantly different between the 3 groups (2 sessions/week: +10.2%; 3 sessions/week: +8.1%; 4 sessions per week: +7.3%). In conclusion, a training frequency of 2 sessions/week is sufficient for REHIT to improve maximal aerobic capacity. Novelty We demonstrate that reducing REHIT training frequency from 3 or 4 to 2 sessions/week does not attenuate improvements in the key health marker of maximal aerobic capacity.
Weak field limit and gravitational waves in f(T, B) teleparallel gravity
Authors: Capozziello Salvatore , Capriolo Maurizio , Caso Loredana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe derive the gravitational waves for$$f\left( T, B\right) $$fT,Bgravity which is an extension of teleparallel gravity and demonstrate that it is equivalent tof(R) gravity by linearized the field equations in the weak field limit approximation.f(T, B) gravity shows three polarizations: the two standard of general relativity, plus and cross, which are purely transverse with two-helicity, massless tensor polarization modes, and an additional massive scalar mode with zero-helicity. The last one is a mix of longitudinal and transverse breathing scalar polarization modes. The boundary termBexcites the extra scalar polarization and the mass of scalar field breaks the symmetry of the TT gauge by adding a new degree of freedom, namely a single mixed scalar polarization.
Belyi’s Theorems in Positive Characteristic
Authors: Anbar Nurdagül , Tutdere Seher 
Published: February 2020

There are two types of Belyi’s Theorems for curves defined over finite fields of characteristic [Formula: see text], namely the Wild and the Tame [Formula: see text]-Belyi Theorems. In this paper, we discuss them in the language of function fields. In particular, we provide a constructive proof for the existence of a pseudo-tame element introduced in [Y. Sugiyama and S. Yasuda, Belyi’s theorem in characteristic two, Compos. Math. 156(2) (2020) 325–339], which leads to a self-contained proof for the Tame [Formula: see text]-Belyi Theorem. Moreover, we provide unified and simple proofs for Belyi’s Theorems unlike the known ones that use technical results from Algebraic Geometry.
Additive uniqueness of PRIMES − 1 for multiplicative functions
Authors: Park Poo-Sung 
Published: February 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be the set of all primes. A function [Formula: see text] is called multiplicative if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text]. We show that a multiplicative function [Formula: see text] which satisfies [Formula: see text] satisfies one of the following:(1) [Formula: see text] is the identity function, (2) [Formula: see text] is the constant function with [Formula: see text], (3) [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] unless [Formula: see text] is odd and squareful.As a consequence, a multiplicative function which satisfies [Formula: see text] is the identity function.
Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging–Guided Versus Coronary Angiography–Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Darmoch Fahed , Alraies M. Chadi , Al‐Khadra Yasser , Moussa Pacha Homam , Pinto Duane S. , Osborn Eric A. 
Published: February 2020

Background

Intravascular ultrasound (
IVUS
) guidance during percutaneous coronary intervention (
PCI
) offers tomographic images of the coronary vessels, allowing optimization of stent implantation at the time of
PCI
. However, the long‐term beneficial effect of
IVUS
over
PCI
guided by coronary angiography (
CA
) alone remains under question. We sought to investigate the outcomes of
IVUS
‐guided compared with
CA
‐guided
PCI
.

Methods and Results

We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Central Register, looking for randomized controlled trials and observational studies that compared
PCI
outcomes of
IVUS
with
CA
. Data were aggregated for the primary outcome measure using the random‐effects model as pooled risk ratio (
RR
). The primary outcomes were the rate of cardiovascular death, need for target lesion revascularization, occurrence of myocardial infarction, and rate of stent thrombosis. A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 27 610 patients divided into
IVUS
(n=11 513) and
CA
(n=16 097). Compared with standard
CA
‐guided
PCI
, we found that the risks of cardiovascular death (
RR
, 0.63; 95%
CI
, 0.54–0.73), myocardial infarction (
RR
, 0.71; 95%
CI
, 0.58–0.86), target lesion revascularization (
RR
, 0.81; 95%
CI
, 0.70–0.94), and stent thrombosis (
RR
, 0.57; 95%
CI
, 0.41–0.79) were all significantly lower using
IVUS
guidance.

Conclusions

Compared with standard
CA
‐guided
PCI
, the use of
IVUS
imaging guidance to optimize stent implantation is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular death and major adverse events, such as myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, and stent thrombosis.
Characteristics of the North Pacific Oscillation in CMIP5 Models in Relation to Atmospheric Mean States
Authors: Sung Mi-Kyung , Yoo Changhyun , Yeh Sang-Wook , Kosaka Yu , An Soon-Il 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), the second leading atmospheric mode in the North Pacific Ocean, is known to be responsible for climate variability and extremes in adjacent regions. The reproducibility of the NPO in climate models is thus a topic of interest for the more accurate prediction of climate extremes. By investigating the spatial characteristics of the NPO in models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), this study reveals the intimate relationship between the NPO structure and the atmospheric mean states over the North Pacific. The majority of the models reasonably capture the meridional contrast of pressure anomalies, but the detailed horizontal characteristics of the NPO are found to differ among the models. Diagnostic analysis of 30 climate models and long-term observations suggest that systematic bias in the mean atmospheric baroclinicity over the North Pacific crucially affects the horizontal shape and zonal position of the NPO. In the models in which the climatological continental trough over the western North Pacific extends farther to the east, the NPO tends to be simulated farther to the east, strengthening its impact on the downstream climate. In contrast, when the climatological continental trough is reduced in size toward the west, the growth of the NPO is limited to the west, and its influence is weakened downstream. This relationship can be understood via the altered available potential and kinetic energy conversions that feed the total energy of the NPO, primarily stemming from the difference in the mean horizontal temperature gradient and stretching deformation of the mean horizontal wind.
Sources of Tropical Subseasonal Skill in the CFSv2
Authors: Schreck Carl J. , Janiga Matthew A. , Baxter Stephen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study applies Fourier filtering to a combination of rainfall estimates from TRMM and forecasts from the CFSv2. The combined data are filtered for low-frequency (LF, ≥120 days) variability, the MJO, and convectively coupled equatorial waves. The filtering provides insight into the sources of skill for the CFSv2. The LF filter, which encapsulates persistent anomalies generally corresponding with SSTs, has the largest contribution to forecast skill beyond week 2. Variability within the equatorial Pacific is dominated by its response to ENSO, such that both the unfiltered and the LF-filtered forecasts are skillful over the Pacific through the entire 45-day CFSv2 forecast. In fact, the LF forecasts in that region are more skillful than the unfiltered forecasts or any combination of the filters. Verifying filtered against unfiltered observations shows that subseasonal variability has very little opportunity to contribute to skill over the equatorial Pacific. Any subseasonal variability produced by the model is actually detracting from the skill there. The MJO primarily contributes to CFSv2 skill over the Indian Ocean, particularly during March–May and MJO phases 2–5. However, the model misses opportunities for the MJO to contribute to skill in other regions. Convectively coupled equatorial Rossby waves contribute to skill over the Indian Ocean during December–February and the Atlantic Ocean during September–November. Convectively coupled Kelvin waves show limited potential skill for predicting weekly averaged rainfall anomalies since they explain a relatively small percent of the observed variability.
Eptinezumab in episodic migraine: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (PROMISE-1)
Authors: Ashina Messoud , Saper Joel , Cady Roger , Schaeffler Barbara A , Biondi David M , Hirman Joe , Pederson Susan , Allan Brent , Smith Jeff 
Published: February 2020

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of eptinezumab, a humanized anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody, in the preventive treatment of episodic migraine. Methods The PRevention Of Migraine via Intravenous ALD403 Safety and Efficacy-1 (PROMISE-1) study was a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Adults with episodic migraine were randomized to eptinezumab 30 mg, 100 mg, 300 mg, or placebo for up to four intravenous (IV) doses administered every 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in monthly migraine days (MMDs) over weeks 1–12. Results A total of 888 patients received treatment across 84 study sites. Mean MMDs at baseline was ∼8.6 across treatment groups. Eptinezumab 100 mg and 300 mg met the primary endpoint, significantly reducing MMDs across weeks 1–12 compared with placebo (30 mg, −4.0; 100 mg, −3.9, p = 0.0182; 300 mg, −4.3; placebo, −3.2, p = 0.0001). Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported by 58.4% (30 mg), 63.2% (100 mg), 57.6% (300 mg), and 59.5% (placebo) of patients. Treatment-emergent adverse events reported by ≥2% of eptinezumab-treated patients at an incidence greater than placebo included: upper respiratory tract infection (30 mg, 11.4%; 100 mg, 9.9%; 300 mg, 10.3%; placebo, 7.2%), and fatigue (30 mg, 2.3%; 100 mg, 3.6%; 300 mg, 3.6%; placebo, <1%). Conclusion Eptinezumab (100 mg or 300 mg) significantly reduced migraine frequency, was well tolerated, and had an acceptable safety profile when used for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults with episodic migraine. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02559895
Nurses’ Perspectives on the Dismissal of Vaccine-Refusing Families From Pediatric and Family Care Practices
Authors: Deem Michael J. , Kronk Rebecca A. , Staggs Vincent S. , Lucas Denise 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Dismissal of families who refuse mandated childhood vaccines from pediatric practices has become more common among US pediatricians over the past 2 decades. While nurses (registered nurses [RNs] and advanced practice registered nurses [APRNs]) often are the first health-care professional to encounter parents’ vaccine hesitancy and serve as a primary source of information, there are no published data on nurses’ perspectives on dismissal as a response to vaccine refusal. This study examined nurses’ perspectives on dismissal of vaccine-refusing families from primary care practices. Design: Cross-sectional survey administered electronically from February to September 2018. Data analysis was conducted from November 2018 to March 2019. Setting: Data were collected electronically from a national sample of nurses. Subjects: A convenience sample of 488 primary care nurses (74% APRNs) was recruited and enrolled in the study through collaboration with 4 professional nursing associations. Measure and Analysis: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to September 2018. We explored correlates of nurses’ (n = 488) attitudes toward dismissal by modeling attitude scores as a function of practice and respondent characteristics. We also modeled odds of encountering vaccine refusal and odds of reporting dismissal of a vaccine-refusing family in the last 12 months, each as a function of respondents’ practice characteristics. Results: Eighty-four percent of respondents encountered vaccine refusal in the previous 12 months, and 22% reported that their practice had dismissed a vaccine-refusing family within the previous 12 months. Twenty-eight percent agreed/strongly agreed that they would dismiss or support a decision to dismiss families who refuse all vaccines, and 12% supported dismissal of families for refusal of some but not all vaccines. Thirty-nine percent of respondents disagreed/strongly disagreed with dismissing families who refuse all vaccines, and 50% disagreed/strongly disagreed with dismissal for refusal of some but not all. Conclusion: Almost all nurses working in primary care encounter vaccine refusal, and most consider all Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–recommended childhood vaccines to be important to public health. There is significant polarization of nurses’ attitudes toward the appropriateness of dismissal as a response to vaccine refusal. We recommend the development of professional nursing guidelines for responding to vaccine refusal. However, because there are no data on the community health impact of dismissal policies, we recommend further research on outcomes of dismissal policies to inform such guidelines.
Human Milk Feeding Status of Preterm Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in China
Authors: Peng Wenjing , Jiang Siyuan , Li Shujuan , Xia Shiwen , Chen Shushu , Yang Yi , Lee Shoo K. , Cao Yun 
Published: February 2020

Background Previous low human milk feeding rates in Chinese neonatal intensive care units of preterm infants were reported. There are no nationwide data on these. Research Aims To investigate the current status of human milk feeding for preterm infants in Chinese units and provide baseline data for future research. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted from a previously established clinical database including 25 Chinese neonatal intensive care units. All infants born <34 weeks gestation and admitted to participating units from May 2015 to April 2018 were enrolled. Variables analyzed were infant data collected and the human milk feeding practices at participating units were surveyed. Results A total of 24,113 infants were included. The overall and exclusive human milk feeding rates were 58.2% and 18.8%, respectively, which increased significantly during study years. We found that rates of human milk feeding decreased with increase in gestational age and birth weight. There was significant variation in human milk feeding rates among units. Most participating Chinese neonatal intensive care units have taken measures to improve the rates of human milk feeding. Conclusions The human milk feeding rates in Chinese neonatal intensive care units have continued to increase in the past 3 years, but there was significant variation among them. More efforts are needed to further increase the human milk feeding rates in China. Trial registration This study was registered NCT02600195 with clinicaltrials.gov on November 9, 2015.
Intravenous lidocaine affects oxaliplatin pharmacokinetics in simultaneous infusion
Authors: van Haren Frank , van den Heuvel Sandra , Radema Sandra , van Erp Nielka , van den Bersselaar Luuk , Vissers Kris , Steegers Monique 
Published: February 2020

Background Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. Neuropathy is a frequent dose-limiting side-effect of oxaliplatin therapy, without preventive or curative strategies. Concomitant administration of intravenous lidocaine could be a promising treatment. However, the effect of intravenous lidocaine on oxaliplatin pharmacokinetics was never studied before. We evaluated the effect of lidocaine on the area under the curve and Cmax of oxaliplatin as a part of a larger study addressing the prevention and treatment of oxaliplatin induced peripheral neuropathy with lidocaine. Methods In this prospective cross-over trial, patients received an oxaliplatin cycle with and without lidocaine (bolus 1.5 mg kg−1 followed by 1.5 mg kg−1 h−1 in 3 h). Levels of oxaliplatin, measured as ultrafiltrable platinum were determined at 10 min after cessation of oxaliplatin infusion and hourly thereafter. Outcomes are the difference in area under the curve of oxaliplatin (primary) and the difference in the Cmax of oxaliplatin (secondary). Results No difference in the %Δ area under the curve of oxaliplatin (–2.40 ± 7.66, 90% CI +10.50 to –15.31) was found. However, %Δ Cmax of oxaliplatin (–28.72 ± 6.01, 90% CI –18.59 to –38.85) was lower to a statistically significant extent in the chemotherapy cycle with lidocaine. No (serious) adverse events were reported. Conclusions Lidocaine does not affect the area under the curve of oxaliplatin, which is the most important parameter in drug interaction studies and for oxaliplatin treatment effect. The lower Cmax in the chemotherapeutic cycle with lidocaine is significant and remarkable, but with an unknown exact mechanism or clinical significance, making further research desirable.