bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are a reservoir of a diversity ofToxoplasma gondiistrains in the USA and pose a risk to consumers of undercooked venison
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Cerqueira-Cézar C. K. , Murata F. H. A. , Verma S. K. , Kwok O. C. H. , Pedersen K. , Rosenthal B. M. , Su C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo assess the role of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus, WTD) in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis, we conducted a national survey of WTD across the USA forToxoplasma gondiiinfection. To do this, we combined serology with parasite isolation to evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity ofT. gondiiin this game species. From October 2012 to March 2019, serum and tissues were collected from 914 WTD across the USA. Serum samples were screened for antibodies toT. gondii, and then the tissues of seropositive WTD were bioassayed in mice. Antibodies were detected in 329 (36%) of 914 WTD tested by the modified agglutination test (positive reaction at 1:25 or higher). ViableT. gondiiwas isolated from the heart of 36 WTD from 11 states. Three of the 36 isolates were pathogenic but not highly virulent to outbred Swiss Webster mice and all 36 isolates could be propagated further in cell culture and were genotyped. For genotyping, DNA extracted from cell culture-derived tachyzoites was characterized by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using the genetic markers SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico. Genotyping revealed seven ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotypes, including 24 isolates for genotype #5 (haplogroup 12), four isolates for #2 (type III, haplogroup 3), three isolates for genotypes #1 (type II, haplogroup 2), two isolates for genotypes #3 (type II, haplogroup 2) and one isolate each for #39, #221 and #224. Genotype #5 was the most frequently isolated, accounting for 66.6% (24 of 36) of the isolates. Combining the 36 isolates from this study with previously reported 69 isolates from WTD, 15 genotypes have been identified. Among these, 50.4% (53/105) isolates belong to genotype #5. Our results indicate moderate genetic diversity ofT. gondiiin WTD. The results also indicate that undercooked venison should not be consumed by humans or fed to cats.
Patients with borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder: a descriptive and comparative study
Authors: Zimmerman Mark , Balling Caroline , Chelminski Iwona , Dalrymple Kristy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are each significant public health problems. It has been frequently noted that distinguishing BPD from bipolar disorder is challenging. Consequently, reviews and commentaries have focused on differential diagnosis and identifying clinical features to distinguish the two disorders. While there is a burgeoning literature comparing patients with BPD and bipolar disorder, much less research has characterized patients with both disorders. In the current report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project, we compare psychiatric outpatients with both BPD and bipolar disorder to patients with BPD without bipolar disorder and patients with bipolar disorder without BPD.MethodsPsychiatric outpatients presenting for treatment were evaluated with semi-structured interviews. The focus of the current study is the 517 patients with both BPD and bipolar disorder (n= 59), BPD without bipolar disorder (n= 330), and bipolar disorder without BPD (n= 128).ResultsCompared to patients with bipolar disorder, the patients with bipolar disorder and BPD had more comorbid disorders, psychopathology in their first-degree relatives, childhood trauma, suicidality, hospitalizations, time unemployed, and likelihood of receiving disability payments. The added presence of bipolar disorder in patients with BPD was associated with more posttraumatic stress disorder in the patients as well as their family, more bipolar disorder and substance use disorders in their relatives, more childhood trauma, unemployment, disability, suicide attempts, and hospitalizations.ConclusionsPatients with both bipolar disorder and BPD have more severe psychosocial morbidity than patients with only one of these disorders.
Modelling the early expressive communicative trajectories of infants/toddlers with early cochlear implants
Authors: BAVIN Edith L , SARANT Julia , HACKWORTH Naomi. J. , BENNETTS Shannon K. , BUZHARDT Jay , JIA Fan , BUTTON Elizabeth , BUSBY Peter , LEIGH Greg , PETERSON Candy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor children with normal hearing (NH), early communication skills predict vocabulary, a precursor to grammar. Growth in early communication skills of infants with cochlear implants (CIs) was investigated using the Early Communication Indicator (ECI), a play-based observation measure. Multilevel linear growth modelling on data from six ECI sessions held at three-monthly intervals revealed significant growth overall, with a non-significant slower growth rate than that of children with NH (comparison age centred at 18 months). Analyses of gesture use and of nonword vocalisations revealed the CI group used significantly more of each, with more rapid growth. In contrast, the CI group used significantly fewer single words and multiword utterances, and with slower growth. Maternal education and time to achieve consistent CI use impacted significantly on growth for the CI sample. The results indicate that progression to vocabulary by young CI users can be supported by encouraging their use of prelinguistic communication.
Challenges and lessons learned from the Pediatric Heart Network Normal Echocardiogram Database study
Authors: Truong Dongngan , Lopez Leo , Frommelt Peter C. , Stelter Jessica , Ni Brenda , Cohen Meryl S. , Prakash Ashwin , Colan Steven D. , Spurney Christopher , Soslow Jonathan , Pearson Gail D. , Mahgerefteh Joseph , Sachdeva Ritu , Pignatelli Ricardo , Trachtenberg Felicia , Stylianou Mario , Altmann Karen , Rathge Kathleen A. , Camarda Joseph , Chowdhury Shahryar , Dragulescu Andreea , Frommelt Michele , Garuba Olukayode , Soriano Brian , Srivastava Shubhika , Thankavel Poonam , van der Velde Mary E. , Minich L. LuAnn ,   For the Pediatric Heart Network Investigators
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground:The Pediatric Heart Network Normal Echocardiogram Database Study had unanticipated challenges. We sought to describe these challenges and lessons learned to improve the design of future studies.Methods:Challenges were divided into three categories: enrolment, echocardiographic imaging, and protocol violations. Memoranda, Core Lab reports, and adjudication logs were reviewed. A centre-level questionnaire provided information regarding local processes for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used, and chi-square tests determined differences in imaging quality.Results:For the 19 participating centres, challenges with enrolment included variations in Institutional Review Board definitions of “retrospective” eligibility, overestimation of non-White participants, centre categorisation of Hispanic participants that differed from National Institutes of Health definitions, and exclusion of potential participants due to missing demographic data. Institutional Review Board amendments resolved many of these challenges. There was an unanticipated burden imposed on centres due to high numbers of echocardiograms that were reviewed but failed to meet submission criteria. Additionally, image transfer software malfunctions delayed Core Lab image review and feedback. Between the early and late study periods, the proportion of unacceptable echocardiograms submitted to the Core Lab decreased (14 versus 7%, p < 0.01). Most protocol violations were from eligibility violations and inadvertent protected health information disclosure (overall 2.5%). Adjudication committee reviews led to protocol changes.Conclusions:Numerous challenges encountered during the Normal Echocardiogram Database Study prolonged study enrolment. The retrospective design and flaws in image transfer software were key impediments to study completion and should be considered when designing future studies collecting echocardiographic images as a primary outcome.
Energy-related financial literacy and bounded rationality in appliance replacement attitudes: evidence from Nepal
Authors: Filippini Massimo , Kumar Nilkanth , Srinivasan Suchita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs countries develop, they are likely to face challenges in meeting growing energy demand and in ensuring energy security. Given this, and the problem of climate change, improving demand-side energy efficiency is pivotal to ensuring sustainable development. However, agents often underinvest in energy-efficient technologies due to behavioral failures such as low levels of energy-related financial literacy, defined as the combination of energy knowledge and cognitive abilities needed to evaluate the lifetime costs of durables. Using novel data, we analyze the levels and determinants of energy-related financial literacy of households in urban areas in the eastern lowlands of Nepal, and whether it is correlated with their attitudes towards replacement of energy-inefficient appliances. We find that respondents have low levels of energy-related financial literacy, and higher levels of literacy are associated with more rational attitudes towards appliance replacement. The findings of this study are relevant to addressing the energy-efficiency gap in developing countries.
Towards a ‘theory of the gap’: Addressing the relationship between practice and theory
Authors: HOFIUS MAREN 
Published: March 2020

Abstract:In their ground-breaking philosophical investigation of the ‘practice turn’ Lechner and Frost prompt a standpoint debate in international relations theory, which touches upon the relationship between practice theory and its subject matter. Lechner and Frost decidedly opt for an internal standpoint, which promises to understand a social practice in terms of the meaning-in-use of its participants. This article argues that the internalist promise will ultimately remain unfulfilled, however, for the aim of collapsing the distinction between the ‘language of action’ and ‘language of observation’ is epistemologically impossible. Taking such an ‘internal’ perspective not only underestimates the problem of the double hermeneutic. It also disregards the gap between theory and practice. Any social enquiry that fails to acknowledge this gap inevitably becomes externalist, for it misses to reflect on its own normative presuppositions. The way ahead is to address this gap reflexively by way of a triple hermeneutics that is bolstered by abductive reasoning.
Understanding Arctic Ocean Circulation: A Review of Ocean Dynamics in a Changing Climate
Authors: Timmermans Mary‐Louise , Marshall John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean is a focal point of climate change, with ocean warming, freshening, sea‐ice decline, and circulation that link to the changing atmospheric and terrestrial environment. Major features of the Arctic and the interconnected nature of its wind‐ and buoyancy‐driven circulation are reviewed here by presenting a synthesis of observational data interpreted from the perspective of geophysical fluid dynamics (GFD). The general circulation is seen to be the superposition of Atlantic Water flowing into and around the Arctic basin and the two main wind‐driven circulation features of the interior stratified Arctic Ocean: the Transpolar Drift Stream and the Beaufort Gyre. The specific drivers of these systems, including wind forcing, ice‐ocean interactions, and surface buoyancy fluxes, and their associated GFD are explored. The essential understanding guides an assessment of how Arctic Ocean structure and dynamics might fundamentally change as the Arctic warms, sea‐ice cover declines, and the ice that remains becomes more mobile.
Coda and Intrinsic Attenuations From Ultrasonic Measurements in Tight Siltstones
Authors: Ma Rupeng , Ba Jing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe have performed ultrasonic measurements on tight siltstone samples to obtain thePwave coda and intrinsic attenuations using a single isotropic scattering model and the spectral ratio method. The results indicate that attenuation is predominantly caused by scattering. Intrinsic attenuation increases with gas saturation and permeability and decreases with grain size, whereas coda attenuation is stronger under partial saturation conditions and increases with grain size. Porosity and mineral composition do not have significant effects on attenuation. The triple‐porosity and scattering models are used to simulate the intrinsic and scattering attenuations, respectively. The results show that the intrinsic attenuation is predominately caused by wave‐induced fluid flow between microcracks/micropores and intergranular pores. The model incorporating the scattering effects of microcracks underestimates the scattering loss in the coda, which may thus be better explained by heterogeneities in the clustering structure of grains.
How Does the Air‐Sea Coupling Frequency Affect Convection During the MJO Passage?
Authors: Zhao Ning , Nasuno Tomoe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe importance of air‐sea coupling in the simulation and prediction of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) has been well established. However, it remains unclear how air‐sea coupling modulates the convection and related oceanic features on the subdaily scale. Based on a regional cloud‐permitting coupled model, we evaluated the impact of the air‐sea coupling on the convection during the convectively active phase of the MJO by varying the coupling frequency. The model successfully reproduced the atmospheric and oceanic variations observed by satellite and in situ measurements but with some quantitative biases. According to the sensitivity experiments, we found that stronger convection was mainly caused by the higher sea surface temperatures (SSTs) generated in high‐frequency coupled experiments, especially when the coupling frequency was 1 hr or shorter. A lower coupling frequency would generate the phase lags in the diurnal cycle of SST and related turbulent heat fluxes. Our analyses further demonstrated that the phase‐lagged diurnal cycle of SST suppressed deep convection through a decrease in daytime moistening in the lower troposphere. Meanwhile, in the upper ocean, the high‐frequency air‐sea coupling helped maintain the shallower mixed and isothermal layers by diurnal heating and cooling at the sea surface, which led to a higher mean SST. In contrast, the low‐frequency coupled experiments underestimated the SST and therefore convective activities. Overall, our results demonstrated that high‐frequency air‐sea coupling (1 hr or shorter) could improve the reproducibility of the intensity and temporal variation in both diurnal convection and upper ocean processes.
Calcipotriol and iBRD9 reduce obesity in Nur77 knockout mice by regulating the gut microbiota, improving intestinal mucosal barrier function
Authors: Lv Qingqing , Yang Aolin , Shi Wanying , Chen Feng , Liu Yixuan , Liu Ying , Wang Difei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective
The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 is an important factor regulating metabolism. Nur77 knockout mice become obese with age, but the cause of obesity in these mice has not been fully ascertained. We attempted to explain the cause of obesity in Nur77 knockout mice from the perspective of the gut microbiota and to investigate the inhibitory effect of calcipotriol combined with BRD9 inhibitor (iBRD9) on obesity.

Methods
Eight-week-old wild-type mice and Nur77 knockout C57BL/6J mice were treated with calcipotriol combined with iBRD9 for 12 weeks. Mouse feces were collected and the gut microbiota was assessed by analyzing 16S rRNA gene sequences. The bacterial abundance difference was analyzed, and the intestinal mucosal tight junction protein, antimicrobial peptide, and inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels of the colon and serum LPS and inflammatory cytokine levels were measured.

Results
Calcipotriol combined with iBRD9 treatment reduced the body weight and body fat percentage in Nur77 knockout mice. In the gut microbiota of Nur77 knockout mice, the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae decreased, and Rikenellaceae increased; while Rikenellaceae decreased after treatment (p < 0.05). Correspondingly, the mRNA levels of intestinal mucosal tight junction proteins (occludin (Ocln), claudin3 (Cldn3)) in the colons of Nur77 knockout mice were significantly decreased, and they increased significantly after treatment (p < 0.001). The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)) were significantly increased in Nur77 knockout mice, and TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased after treatment (p < 0.05, <0.01, or <0.001). The levels of serum LPS, TNF-α, and IL-1β in Nur77 knockout mice were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Serum LPS, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased after treatment (p < 0.05 or <0.01).

Conclusions
Calcipotriol combined with iBRD9 can regulate the gut microbiota, improve intestinal mucosal barrier function, reduce LPS absorption into the blood, and alleviate obesity in Nur77 knockout mice.
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of indirect pulp treatment of young permanent molars using photo-activated oral disinfection versus calcium hydroxide: a randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Elchaghaby Marwa Aly , Moheb Dalia Mohamed , El Shahawy Osama Ibrahim , Abd Alsamad Ahmed Mohamed , Rashed Mervat Abdel Moniem 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Calcium hydroxide is the most commonly used material in indirect pulp treatment (IPT). However, its drawbacks required its replacement by other materials.

Aim
This study aims to estimate clinically and radiographically the success of indirect pulp treatment of young permanent molars with either photo-activated oral disinfection (PAD) or calcium hydroxide.

Design
This Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial included 32 vital first permanent molars with deep caries that were treated by indirect pulp treatment with either PAD (group 1) or calcium hydroxide (group 2). Clinical and radiographic success in addition to newly-formed dentin thickness were evaluated regularly at 2, 6, 9, and 12 months.

Results
The success for both groups was 100% clinically and radiographically at all follow-up periods. Regarding the mean thickness of newly-formed dentin for both groups at different follow-up periods, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups at 2, 6, 9, and 12 months, with P values = 0.825, 0.146, 0.280, and 0.400, respectively.

Conclusions
The clinical and radiographic success for indirect pulp treatment of young permanent molars with both PAD and calcium hydroxide were comparable.
Polaritonic molecular clock for all-optical ultrafast imaging of wavepacket dynamics without probe pulses
Authors: Silva R. E. F. , Pino Javier del , García-Vidal Francisco J. , Feist Johannes 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConventional approaches to probing ultrafast molecular dynamics rely on the use of synchronized laser pulses with a well-defined time delay. Typically, a pump pulse excites a molecular wavepacket. A subsequent probe pulse can then dissociate or ionize the molecule, and measurement of the molecular fragments provides information about where the wavepacket was for each time delay. Here, we propose to exploit the ultrafast nuclear-position-dependent emission obtained due to large light–matter coupling in plasmonic nanocavities to image wavepacket dynamics using only a single pump pulse. We show that the time-resolved emission from the cavity provides information about when the wavepacket passes a given region in nuclear configuration space. This approach can image both cavity-modified dynamics on polaritonic (hybrid light–matter) potentials in the strong light–matter coupling regime and bare-molecule dynamics in the intermediate coupling regime of large Purcell enhancements, and provides a route towards ultrafast molecular spectroscopy with plasmonic nanocavities.
Herding Friends in Similarity-Based Architecture of Social Networks
Authors: David-Barrett Tamas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough friendship as a social behaviour is an evolved trait that shares many similarities with kinship, there is a key difference: to choose friends, one must select few from many. Homophily, i.e., a similarity-based friendship choice heuristic, has been shown to be the main factor in selecting friends. Its function has been associated with the efficiency of collective action via synchronised mental states. Recent empirical results question the general validity of this explanation. Here I offer an alternative hypothesis: similarity-based friendship choice is an individual-level adaptive response to falling clustering coefficient of the social network typical during urbanisation, falling fertility, increased migration. The mathematical model shows how homophily as a friend-choice heuristic affects the network structure: (1) homophilic friendship choice increases the clustering coefficient; (2) network proximity-based and similarity-based friendship choices have additive effects on the clustering coefficient; and (3) societies that face falling fertility, urbanisation, and migration, are likely go through a u-shaped transition period in terms of clustering coefficient. These findings suggest that social identity can be seen as an emergent phenomenon and is the consequence, rather than the driver of, homophilic social dynamics, and offer an alternative explanation for the rise of “fake news” as a societal phenomenon.
Effects of genotypes and explants on garlic callus production and endogenous hormones
Authors: Mostafa Hassan H. A. , Wang Haiping , Song Jiangping , Li Xixiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHigh callus production is a feasible way to improve the propagation coefficient of garlic. It remains unknown how genotypes and explants affect garlic callus formation. In the present investigation, we found that there were significant differences in callus formation among garlic varieties. Tip explants were the best calli-producing source, and 91.05% of the explants from four varieties, on average, formed calli after 45 d of primary culturing. Upper leaf parts explants produced lower values. Among the different varieties and explant types, tip explants of variety T141 induced calli in the shortest time and had the greatest callus fresh weight at 45 d. An endogenous hormone contents analysis showed that auxins (indole-3-acetic acid and methyl indole-3-acetic acetate), cytokinins (trans-zeatin and dihydrozeatin), gibberellins4, 9,15,19,24 and 53, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine, and dihydrojasmonic acid were significantly greater in the tips than those in the upper leaf parts. High endogenous jasmonic acid content might play important roles in callus formation. These results will help us not only establish an efficient garlic callus induction protocol that can be applied to large-scale callus multiplication and regeneration, and to genetically improvement of garlic production, but also understand endogenous hormone roles in tissue/organ differentiation and dedifferentiation.