bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing tribological and corrosion characteristics of AA2099/GNP metal matrix nanocomposites through parametric optimization using Taguchi Technique
Authors: Polayya Ch , Rao C S P , G B Veeresh Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The synergy between AA2099 alloys and Graphene Nanoparticles (GNP) harnesses the potential of ultrasonic-assisted stir casting to create metal matrix composites (MMCs). The GNP content is systematically varied (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) within the AA2099 alloy matrix. The microstructural analysis employs scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), while hardness is evaluated using specialized Vickers microhardness equipment. The results reveal a significant improvement in hardness with increasing GNP reinforcement content. Wear behavior investigations utilize pin-on-disc wear tests, guided by the Taguchi Technique and analyzed through an L16 array. Additionally, the influence of various factors on the wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF) is systematically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), highlighting the significant role of GNP content in both wear behavior and COF in these MMCs. SEM analysis of wear fractography provides insights into the fracture behavior of the specimens, elucidating wear mechanisms at the microscale. Lastly, corrosion testing demonstrated that higher GNP content enhances corrosion resistance, as indicated by lower corrosion current density and less negative corrosion potential. Optical microscopy (OM) confirmed that increased GNP content reduces corrosion pit size and enhances protective layer formation.
Synergistic effects of Na2O on structural, physical, optical, and bioactive properties of SrO-SiO2-ZrO2 glasses for biomedical applications
Authors: Sachan Akash , Mishra Rajat Kumar , Avinashi Sarvesh Kumar , Shweta  , Behera Priyatama , Kumar Saurabh , Parveen Shama , Banerjee Monisha , Mishra Monalisa , Rakhi  , Kumari Savita , Gautam Chandkiram 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Sodium oxide (Na2O) doped glasses are promising materials for numerous biomedical applications due to their improved structural and biocompatibility. Herein, the glasses within a system (45-x)SrO-45SiO2-10ZrO2-xNa2O (where, 0 ≤ x ≤ 6) were fabricated via a melt-quenching technique. The glassy phase (amorphous nature) of the prepared glasses was confirmed through x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Further, various structural, physical, optical, and biological studies were assessed. The obtained density of the synthesized glasses was observed to be in the range of 3.51–3.76 g cm−3. Further, in order to study the structural behaviors of the glass samples, FTIR spectroscopy was performed. However, various optical parameters like band gap, Urbach energy, skin depth, optical basicity, refractive indices etc were determined with the help of UV-visible spectroscopic technique. Further, particle size was calculated via ‘dynamic light scattering’ (DLS) technique and found to be decreased from 825 nm to 51 nm. To check the biocompatibility of the glass samples, the MTT assay performed on the treated cancer cells. Furthermore, toxicology of the samples was assessed using DAPI, DCFH-DA staining, and trypan blue assay. These findings revealed that synthesized glasses are a feasible material for innumerable biomedical applications, particularly for bone and tooth implants.
Unveiling farmers’ perceptions: a citizen science and machine learning approach to exploring drivers in the adequacy and fairness of water systems
Authors: Plakandaras Vasilios , Khadim Fahad Khan , Kazana Vassiliki , Anagnostou Emmanouil , Bagtzoglou Amvrossios C 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Agricultural production sustains a large part of the population in the Great South area (sub-Saharan Africa, South America and South Asia), relying heavily on rainfed agriculture and partly on reservoir-based irrigation schemes. This study evaluates the effects of citizen science approaches in shaping the farmers’ perceptions towards adequacy of the quantity of the provided water and the fairness of the irrigation distribution system in the area, using as a case study a project implemented in the Upper Blue Nile (UBN) region of Ethiopia in two irrigated communities. Harnessing the analytical power of machine learning models in extracting patterns from data, the informational content of social surveys coupled with hydrological data for the survey region from a calibrated MODFLOW-NWT groundwater (GW) model, we draw inferences on the importance of socioeconomic rather than hydrological variables as drivers in agricultural decisions about crop selection and planting period, underscoring those factors as potential criteria in drawing successful agricultural policies for crop yield optimization in the Great South area. This study extends the existing literature towards understanding the interplay between people and water under a qualitative framework with distinct policy implications.
An optimized phishing detection model using hybrid feature selection and a fine-tuned narrow neural network with dynamic jaya optimization to overcome cyberthreats
Authors: Diviya M , Subramanian M , Gopala Krishnan D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The frequency of phishing assaults threatens the occurrence of online transactions. Criminals engaged in phishing utilize misleading strategies, such as fake URLs, to obtain sensitive information from consumers through media such as e-mails and texts. More efficient phishing detection techniques that use classifiers combining hybrid approaches of feature selection techniques and deep learning must be developed to handle attacks. The proposed work provides a unique method for improving phishing detection that combines a hybrid feature selection strategy with a fine-tuned narrow neural network (FTNN) and Dynamic Jaya optimization algorithm. The model works in two phases: a hybrid feature selection algorithm works for filtering the salient features and a fine-tuned narrow neural network architecture with and without optimization is suggested for classifying phishing and legitimate urls. The process starts by choosing a subset of 20 features from a total of 48 attributes. The model specifically uses chi-square and Kruskal–Wallis statistical feature ranking algorithms. The FTNN with Dynamic Jaya optimization performs best when large datasets are used for feature selection. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed hybrid feature selection technique along with the Dynamic Jaya optimized FTNN architecture. It outperforms conventional methods that rely on all the features, resulting in higher accuracy than existing models. A higher accuracy of 97.5% has been achieved with the integration of hybrid feature selection with FTNN, compared to other traditional methods. This research provides a practical and desirable solution for enhancing hybrid feature selection along with a fine-tuned narrow neural network (optimized with Dynamic Jaya) in phishing detection. Hence, this work proposes an innovative hybrid feature selection approach, coupled with a fine-tuned neural network with enhanced recognition performance by the Dynamic Jaya algorithm, to present an efficient, accurate, and scalable identification of phishing compared to traditional methods. These innovations underscore the novelty of feature selection, light neural network, and optimization that in total enhances performance and applicability in tackling phishing.
Dynamic Deep Learning Based Super-Resolution For The Shallow Water Equations
Authors: Witte Maximilian , Lapolli Fabricio Rodrigues , Freese Philip , Götschel Sebastian , Ruprecht Daniel , Korn Peter , Kadow Christopher 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Correctly capturing the transition to turbulence in a barotropic instability requires fine spatial resolution. To reduce computational cost, we propose a dynamic super-resolution approach where a transient simulation on a coarse mesh&#xD;is frequently corrected using a U-net-type neural network. For the nonlinear shallow water equations, we demonstrate that a simulation with the ICON-O ocean model with a 20 km resolution plus dynamic super-resolution trained on a 2.5 km resolution achieves discretization errors&#xD;comparable to a simulation with 10 km resolution. The neural network, originally developed for image-based super-resolution in post-processing, is trained to compute the difference between solutions on both meshes and is used to correct the coarse&#xD;mesh solution every 12 h. We show that the ML-corrected coarse solution correctly maintains a balanced flow and captures the transition to turbulence in line with the higher resolution simulation. After a 8 d simulation, the L2-error of the corrected run is&#xD;similar to a simulation run on the finer mesh. While mass is conserved in the corrected runs, we observe some spurious generation of kinetic energy.
A bioluminescent reporter bioassay for in-process assessment of chimeric antigen receptor lentiviral vector potency
Authors: Gilden Julia K , Stecha Pete , Hartnett Jim , Cong Mei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–T-cell therapy is a breakthrough in the field of cancer immunotherapy, wherein T cells are genetically modified to recognize and attack cancer cells. Delivery of the CAR gene is a critical step in this therapy and is usually achieved by transducing patient T cells with a lentiviral vector (LV). Because the LV is an essential component of CAR-T manufacturing, there is a need for simple bioassays that reflect the mechanism of action (MOA) of the LV and can measure LV potency with accuracy and specificity. Common methods for LV quantification may overestimate functional titer and lack a functional readout of LV MOA.

Methods
We developed a bioluminescent reporter bioassay using Jurkat T cells stably expressing a luciferase reporter under the control of an nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) response element and tested its suitability for measuring LV potency.

Results
Jurkat reporter cells can be transduced with CAR LV and combined with target cells, yielding a luminescent signal that is dependent on the identity and potency of the LV used. Bioluminescence was highly correlated with CAR expression. The assay is stability indicating and suitable for use in drug development and quality control settings.

Conclusions
We have developed a simple bioassay for potency testing of CAR LV. The bioassay represents a significant improvement over other approaches to LV quantification because it reflects the MOA of the LV and selectively detects fully functional viral particles, making it ideal for inclusion in a matrix of in-process quality control assays for CAR LV.
CParty: hierarchically constrained partition function of RNA pseudoknots
Authors: Gray Mateo , Trinity Luke , Stege Ulrike , Ponty Yann , Will Sebastian , Jabbari Hosna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Biologically relevant RNA secondary structures are routinely predicted by efficient dynamic programming algorithms that minimize their free energy. Starting from such algorithms, one can devise partition function algorithms, which enable stochastic perspectives on RNA structure ensembles. As the most prominent example, McCaskill’s partition function algorithm is derived from pseudoknot-free energy minimization. While this algorithm became hugely successful for the analysis of pseudoknot-free RNA structure ensembles, as of yet there exists only one pseudoknotted partition function implementation, which covers only simple pseudoknots and comes with a borderline-prohibitive complexity of O(n5) in the RNA length n.

Results
Here, we develop a partition function algorithm corresponding to the hierarchical pseudoknot prediction of HFold, which performs exact optimization in a realistic pseudoknot energy model. In consequence, our algorithm CParty carries over HFold’s advantages over classical pseudoknot prediction in characterizing the Boltzmann ensemble at equilibrium. Given an RNA sequence S and a pseudoknot-free structure G, CParty computes the partition function over all possibly pseudoknotted density-2 structures G∪G′ of S that extend the fixed G by a disjoint pseudoknot-free structure G′. Thus, CParty follows the common hypothesis of hierarchical pseudoknot formation, where pseudoknots form as tertiary contacts only after a first pseudoknot-free “core” G and we call the computed partition function hierarchically constrained (by G). Like HFold, the dynamic programming algorithm CParty is very efficient, achieving the low complexity of the pseudoknot-free algorithm, i.e. cubic time and quadratic space. Finally, by computing pseudoknotted ensemble energies, we unveil kinetics features of a therapeutic target in SARS-CoV-2.

Availability and implementation
CParty is available at https://github.com/HosnaJabbari/CParty.
Ribosomal protein L36-mediated selective loading of microRNA-4432 into extracellular vesicles contributes to perivascular cell dysfunction in venous malformations
Authors: Chen Gao-Hong , Ren Jian-Gang , Xia Hou-Fu , Zhang He-Jing , Wang Kui-Ming , Zhang Lin-Zhou , Chen Gang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Venous malformations (VMs), predominantly arising from activating mutations of TIE2 in endothelial cells (ECs), are characterized by dilated and tortuous vessels with a paucity of perivascular cells (PCs). The mechanisms of interaction between mutant ECs and PCs remain largely elusive.

Objectives
To investigate the characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from VM ECs, especially the microRNAs (miRNAs) carried and their roles in crosstalk between ECs and PCs in VM pathogenesis.

Methods
miRNA profiles of human umbilical vein endothelial cells overexpressing TIE2L914F (L914F cells) and TIE2WT [wildtype (WT) cells], along with their EVs, were analysed by RNA sequencing. In vitro studies using umbilical cord stem cells (UCSCs) were done to carry out functional assays of VM EVs and their enriched miRNA-4432 (miR-4432). miRNA pulldown and RNA interference techniques were used to identify the sorting regulator of miR-4432 into VM EVs.

Results
RNA secretion was upregulated in L914F EVs vs. WT EVs. miRNA sequencing revealed a distinct profile of L914F EVs vs. L914F cells, WT cells and WT EVs, identifying miR-4432 as being preferentially encapsulated in EVs from L914F cells. Functional assays demonstrated that VM EVs and EV-carried miR-4432 inhibited the differentiation, adhesion and proliferation of UCSCs. Furthermore, ribosomal protein L36 (RPL36) was identified as an RNA binding protein and sorting regulator of miR-4432 during the EV secretion process in L914F cells.

Conclusions
This study, for the first time, identified an interaction between VM ECs and PCs via EVs, and offers valuable data on the miRNA profiles of VM ECs and normal ECs, along with their EVs. Our findings suggest that the RPL36-mediated selective loading of miR-4432 into EVs may contribute to the aberrant PC coverage in VMs, providing novel insights into VM pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies.
Partial or focal brachytherapy for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gutiérrez-Valencia Enrique , Navarro-Domenech Inmaculada , Zhou Kailee , Barcelona Marc , Fazelzad Rouhi , Ramotar Matthew , Sanchez Irving , Ruiz Victor , Weersink Robert , Glicksman Rachel , Helou Joelle , Berlin Alejandro , Chung Peter , Chow Ronald , Raman Srinivas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Recent advances in image-guided brachytherapy have allowed for treatment volume reduction in the treatment of prostate cancer, with the aim to optimize disease control and reduce toxicities. This systematic review reports on the efficacy and safety of focal brachytherapy for treatment of patients with localized prostate cancer.

Methods
Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched from inception to July 2023. Studies were included if they reported on focal brachytherapy, and described either dosimetry or clinical outcomes in the monotherapy or salvage setting. Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate biochemical control (BC) at 12-60 months. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022320921).

Results
Twenty-six studies reporting on 1492 patients were included in this review. Fourteen studies reported on monotherapy, 10 on salvage, and two on boost. The majority of studies used MRI and/or biopsy or PET for target identification, and MRI fusion and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) for image guidance technique. BC for monotherapy was 97% (95% CI: 86%-99%) at 24 months and 82% (95% CI: 65%-92%) at 60 months. BC for salvage was 67% (95% CI: 62%-72%) at 24 months and 35% (95% CI: 17%-58%) at 60 months. Low rates of toxicity were reported across studies.

Conclusions
Focal brachytherapy has promising efficacy and safety profiles. Future studies may compare focal brachytherapy to whole-gland treatments, to investigate relative efficacy and safety.

Advances in knowledge
In well-selected patients, partial or focal brachytherapy represents an evidence-based option with acceptable BC rates and a favourable toxicity profile.
ESG, Externalities, and the Limits of the Business Judgment Rule: TEPCO Derivative Suit on Fukushima Nuclear Accident and the Expansion of Caremark
Authors: Goto Gen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
While there is a general agreement that corporate directors may consider stakeholder interests beyond legal requirements, opinions diverge on whether they are obligated to do so. The traditional approach emphasizes directors’ primary responsibility to the company and shareholders, granting them broad discretion in deciding how to improve the firm value. However, recent cases in Japan and the United States suggest a trend toward limiting this discretion. Tokyo District Court’s TEPCO decision found directors liable for inadequate tsunami preparedness that led to the meltdown of Fukushima 1st Nuclear Power Plant, while Delaware courts denied motions to dismiss by defendant directors for their breach of the Caremark duty of oversight, seemingly expanding its scope to cases where there were no specific violations of laws or regulations. This expansion, which may promote sustainability, potentially conflicts with the business judgment rule—a fundamental principle encouraging optimal risk-taking and value maximization. The combination of limited business judgment protection and extensive personal liability could severely discourage director risk-taking, potentially harming corporate and economic growth. This article examines when business judgment rule limitations are appropriate for businesses with significant negative externality risks. It analyzes the TEPCO decision and Caremark duty expansion, exploring various justifications and their implications. The article argues that oversight duties should be contextualized based on risk types and externalities. Given ESG’s broad scope—from climate change to human rights—careful unpacking of the concept is necessary to appropriately address serious externalities while avoiding excessive duty expansion’s negative consequences.
Design and Analytical Evaluation of Novel Cardiac Troponin Assays Targeting Multiple Forms of the Cardiac Troponin I–Cardiac Troponin T–Troponin C Complex and Fragmentation Forms
Authors: Li Ling , Liu Yuqing , Katrukha Ivan A , Zhang Litao , Shu Xin , Xu Ao , Yang Juan , Wu Yu , Jing Yisha , Wang Hui , Ni Tongxin , Schulz Karen , Bereznikova Anastasia V , Katrukha Alexey G , Apple Fred S , Zhang Yi , Zhang Zhenlu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Current studies suggest that cardiac troponin (cTn) forms in the circulation may vary in different clinical scenarios. Our aim was to design a combination of cTn assays specific to the main cTn forms and to evaluate their analytical performance.

Methods
We developed immunoassays specific for measuring (1) long-cTnT cTnI-cTnT-TnC (ITC) ternary complex, with cTnT in long form without cleavage at the C-terminal amino acids residue 189–223, designated “long-cTnT ITC complex assay;” (2) both the long-cTnT ITC complex plus short-cTnT ITC complex, designated “hs-total ITC complex assay;” (3) the central part of cTnT of both the long-cTnT ITC complex and free cTnT, designated “hs-cTnT assay.” Sex-specific 99th percentile upper reference limits (URLs) were determined. High-sensitivity performance was assessed by examining the imprecision and detectable results above limit of detection (LoD) in the healthy population.

Results
Both complex immunoassays exhibited excellent analytical sensitivity, precision, and specificity. The 99th percentile URLs were as follows: long-cTnT ITC complex: male 0.90 ng/L, female 0.87 ng/L; hs-total ITC complex: male 16.15 ng/L, female 10.08 ng/L; hs-cTnT: male 15.57 ng/L, female 14.28 ng/L. The total imprecision at or below the sex-specific 99th percentile URLs was &lt;5% for all assays. The hs-total ITC complex and the hs-cTnT assays showed &gt;50% of measurable concentrations above the LoD. However, &lt;20% were measurable for the long-cTnT ITC complex assay.

Conclusions
The cTn assays detected concentrations of major cTn forms in the circulation with high sensitivity, precision, and specificity, supporting their use for monitoring cTn complex and fragmentation forms during myocardial injuries.
Characterization of Cardiac Troponin Fragment Composition Reveals Potential for Differentiating Etiologies of Myocardial Injury
Authors: Li Ling , Liu Yuqing , Katrukha Ivan A , Zhang Litao , Shu Xin , Xu Ao , Yang Juan , Wu Yu , Jing Yisha , Wang Hui , Ni Tongxin , Schulz Karen , Bereznikova Anastasia V , Katrukha Alexey G , Apple Fred S , Zhang Yi , Zhang Zhenlu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Increased cardiac troponin (cTn) concentrations occur in acute myocardial injury and chronic diseases. Characterization of cTn composition in the circulation may assist in differentiating etiologies of myocardial injury. Our goal was to study cTn composition and kinetics in patients following type 1 myocardial infraction (T1MI), cardiac procedures, and chronic heart diseases to establish the relationship between cTn composition and clinical diagnosis.

Methods
Plasma samples were collected from 201 patients with T1MI, 78 undergoing cardiac surgeries, and 218 with chronic cardiomyopathy or chronic heart failure. Major cTn forms in the circulation and their ratios were analyzed using cTn composition immunoassays, targeting (a) the long-cTnT cTnI–cTnT–TnC (ITC) ternary complex, short-cTnT ITC complex cleaved at amino acids residues 189–223 of cTnT, and the binary cTnI-TnC (IC) complex, and designated the “high-sensitivity (hs)-cTnI assay;” (b) the long-cTnT ITC complex, and designated the “long-cTnT ITC complex assay;” (c) the long-cTnT ITC complex and short-cTnT ITC complex, and designated the “hs-total ITC complex assay;” and (d) the central part of cTnT of both the long-cTnT ITC complex and free cTnT, and designated the “hs-cTnT assay.”

Results
Early-stage T1MI patients showed a high ratio of long-cTnT ITC complex to cTnI (long-cTnT ITC complex/cTnI, R1). Similarly, patients after acute cardiac surgery exhibited increased cTn concentrations with high R1, which decreased rapidly. In chronic disease, cTn composition exhibited stable and low R1 and high ratios of cTnT to cTnI (cTnT/cTnI, R3).

Conclusions
Kinetic differences in multiple cTn forms contribute to the differentiation between acute injury and chronic disease, with a high proportion of long-cTnT ITC complex implying occurrence of acute injury.