bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0310 Oculometrics Track Performance on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task During Acute Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Feick N H , Tyson T L , Arsintescu L , Cravalho P F , Stone L S , Flynn-Evans E E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep deprivation and circadian misalignment impairs human sensorimotor performance and reduces vigilant attention, which increases the potential for errors in occupations that require 24-hour operations. The psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) is the gold-standard measure for evaluating the impact of sleepiness on performance, however, it is not practical to administer in many operational environments, because it only provides a snapshot of performance and requires an individual to focus on the task for several minutes, multiple times over a work shift. As a result, passive, continuous monitoring of sleepiness is desirable for operational environments. The goal of the present study was to determine if complex oculomotor behavioral metrics track PVT performance during sleep deprivation.

Methods
Twelve healthy adults (mean age 24.8 ± 5.4 years; 6F) maintained a fixed schedule with 8.5 hours in bed for two weeks, during which they abstained from caffeine, alcohol, and other medications, followed by a ~24 hours constant routine laboratory stay. Participants completed the PVT and a radial step-ramp ocular tracking task hourly throughout the study. Twelve oculometrics were derived from smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements collected through video-oculography and were compared to the PVT and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) using linear regression and receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results
Nine oculometrics spanning pursuit, saccade, and directional motion processing performance correlated with the PVT and KSS (p &lt; 0.05), including: (a) pursuit latency; (b) open-loop pursuit acceleration; (c) proportion smooth; (d) steady-state pursuit gain; (e) saccadic amplitude; (f) saccadic dispersion; (g) saccadic rate; (h) direction asymmetry; and (i) direction noise.

Conclusion
The oculometrics that we examined exhibited a distinct pattern that tracked PVT performance. Future studies should examine whether these metrics can be extracted through passive monitoring techniques.

Support
None
0315 Gray Matter Volume of the Rostral Medial Prefrontal Cortex is Associated with Resilience to Mood Decline During Overnight Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Anlap I , Taylor E , Grandner M A , Killgore W D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Vulnerability to sleep deprivation (SD) has been attributed to inter-individual trait-like differences in the ability to sustain vigilance and subjective alertness, which may have distinct neurobiological substrates. We have previously shown that reduced suppression of the Default Mode Network (DMN) during a cognitive task was predictive of global vulnerability to SD. However, little is known about vulnerability to mood decrements during SD and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), we assessed structural differences in gray matter volume (GMV) of a region of the anterior DMN, the medial prefrontal cortex and its association with self-reported mood during 29 hours of SD.

Methods
45 healthy participants (23 male; Ages 20-43) underwent 3T structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Within 4 days, participants underwent an overnight SD session (29 hours awake total) which included hourly mood assessments with several visual analog mood scales (VAMS) assessing positive and negative affect. Hourly VAMS data were converted into a comparative metric of percent worsening of mood scores from 19:00 until noon the next day. These scores were averaged to determine a “mood resilience” score, with higher scores indicating greater mood sustainment. Using SPM12, the mean mood resilience scores were correlated with whole-brain gray matter volume, restricted to the medial prefrontal cortex, p&lt;.05, FWE corrected, with a cluster threshold of 137 voxels.

Results
Overnight mood resilience was significantly correlated with greater grey matter volume in right rostral medial prefrontal cortex (p&lt;.05, corrected; k=137).

Conclusion
Individuals with greater gray matter volume within a circumscribed region of the right medial prefrontal cortex demonstrated greater resilience to mood degradation over 29 hours of continuous wakefulness. This same region of the brain has been shown to be critical for the passive maintenance of emotions. We speculate that greater GMV could protect against mood decline by better sustaining emotional state during SD.

Support
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Young Faculty Award: DARPA-12-12-11-YFA11-FP-029
0331 Neurological Impact on the Reward Processing of Food Images Imposed by Mild Sleep Restriction in Adolescents
Authors: Alsameen M , DiFrancesco M W , St-Onge M , Beebe D W 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Previous studies indicate that lack of sleep might increase risk for unhealthy eating and obesity. This is particularly important during adolescence, when most youth sleep less than the recommended 8-10 hours/night and dietary habits are developed that extend into adulthood. This study investigated the relationship between multi-night sleep restriction and the appeal of food, including neuroimaging to examine the impact on brain responses to food-related stimuli.

Methods
Healthy 14-17 year-old adolescents (n=39) completed an experimental sleep manipulation across consecutive five-night periods to compare nightly sleep of approximately 9 hours (healthy sleep duration) vs. about 6.3 hours (mild sleep restriction). At the end of each week, participants underwent functional MRI while performing a visual food appeal task. The task included 42 photos in each of four food categories (sweets, snacks, fast-food, meat/fruit/vegetable) and one non-food category. Photos were presented every 3 seconds in blocks of 7 within each category; 6 interleaved blocks per category. Teens rated the appeal of each block of photos. General linear modeling explained regional brain response according to categorical presentation time-courses.

Results
The pattern of brain responses to the different food types was similar across the two sleep conditions. However, the sleep manipulation led to significant regional effects when contrasting the totality of food vs non-food images. Specifically, when compared to non-food, food images overall resulted in greater activation in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SN) during sleep restriction. Both regions have been previously shown to be involved in processing reward-related information.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest neuronal responses in reward circuitry for teens viewing food images are influenced by sleep duration. Sleep restriction may affect reward processing of food in teens by increasing brain activation in VTA/SN network components that underlie dopamine-mediated motivational drive.

Support
Supported by NIH R01HL120879
0345 Poor Sleep Health in Informal Caregivers Mediated by Depressed Affect
Authors: Marino V R , Lee S , Haley W E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Informal caregiving has been linked to higher perceived stress. Caregiving stress may be associated with poor sleep. Studies report low sleep quality among caregivers, however, little is known about whether informal caregivers have poorer sleep health than non-caregivers across multiple sleep dimensions. Less is known about whether potential poor sleep health in informal caregivers is explained by depressed mood. This study examined the mediating effect of depressed affect on the relationship between caregiving status and multidimensional sleep health.

Methods
208 current informal caregivers were compared to 3,342 non-caregivers from the Midlife in the United States study (Mage=55.77±12.29). Using seven domains of sleep (i.e., regularity, satisfaction in sleep, alertness, sleep duration, sleep latency, insomnia, and chronic sleep problems), a composite score of sleep health was constructed using clinically-relevant and previously-used cutoffs (Range=0-7; higher scores indicating better sleep health). Depressed affect was measured by a continuous scale based on 7 items. The Hayes PROCESS macro with bootstrapping method was used to test mediation with sociodemographic covariate adjustment.

Results
Caregivers had poorer sleep health than non-caregivers (β = -0.17; 95% CI = [-.331, -.016]). This association was mediated by depressed affect (indirect effect = -.026; 95% CI = [-.061, -.000]). Specifically, caregiving status was associated with greater depressed affect (β = 0.234; 95% CI = [.019, .450]) and greater depressed affect was associated with poorer sleep health (β = -.112; 95% CI = [-.136, -.089]). The direct effect of caregiving status on sleep health was attenuated when the mediator was considered (β = -0.148; 95% CI = [-.303, -.008]) indicating full mediation.

Conclusion
Compared to non-caregivers, informal caregivers have poorer sleep health, and this is mostly due to their greater depressed affect. Stress adaptation techniques such as mindfulness and positive reappraisal may promote better sleep health in informal caregivers through improved affect.

Support
N/A
0355 Neurobiological Correlates of Sleepiness in Middle Aged and Older Adults: A FDG-PET Study
Authors: Carvalho D Z , St. Louis E K , Schwarz C G , Bradley B F , Lowe V J , Przybelski S A , Reddy A , Mielke M M , Knopman D S , Petersen R C , Jack C R , Vemuri P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Sleepiness has been associated with functional and cognitive decline, and may present with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and/or increased sleep duration. We investigated whether sleepiness and changes in sleep patterns are associated with FDG-PET levels in wake-promoting regions.

Methods
From the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging cohort, we identified 373 cognitively-unimpaired middle-aged and older adults (mean +/- s.d. 66.1 +/- 13.2 yo) who underwent FDG-PET. EDS was defined as ESS score &gt;=10. Changes in sleep patterns (sleeping more, less, or no change) were assessed using question #16 of the Beck Depression Inventory-2. We used probabilistic maps to create regions of interest (ROIs): the locus coeruleus (LC), posterior lateral hypothalamus (PLH), and the basal forebrain divided in 1) medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (MS/DB) and 2) nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM). FDG-PET levels were referenced to the pons (SUVR). In this cross-sectional analysis, we fit linear models to assess the association between EDS and changes in sleeping patterns with FDG SUVR in in each ROI, while controlling for age, sex, education, BMI, witnessed apneas, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Results
10.5% had EDS, 15% reported sleeping more and 21% reported sleeping less than usual. 30.7% of participants with EDS reported sleeping more, 25.6% less, and 43.5% the same. EDS was associated with an elevation in FDG-PET SUVR in the MS/DB region (.035 [95% CI .008; .063], p=.012), while sleeping more was associated with a decrease in FDG-PET SUVR in the same region (-.027 [95%CI -.052; -.002], p=.036). Sleeping less was associated with an increase in FDG-PET SUVR in the PLH (.021 [95% CI .005; .03], p=.019). No associations were found in other ROIs.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that sleepiness and changes in sleep patterns in cognitively-unimpaired middle-aged and older adults were associated with measurable metabolic changes in areas of the brain involved in sleep and wakefulness. Further research should clarify whether these findings could represent different phenotypes of sleepiness with potential diagnostic and prognostic implications.

Support
NIA/NIH
0356 Associations Between Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Deprivation and Preschoolers’ Sleep Health in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Muller D , Paine S , Wu L J , Signal T L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
In Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ) ethnic and socioeconomic inequities exist in adult sleep health but less is known about relationships between ethnicity, socioeconomic position and sleep in early childhood.

Methods
Maternally-completed questionnaire data from a pregnancy-birth cohort were analysed cross-sectionally. Log-binomial regression models investigated independent associations between ethnicity, socioeconomic position and sleep of 340 Māori (Indigenous) and 570 non-Māori 3-4 year olds. Independent variables included child ethnicity, gender, area-level deprivation (NZDep quintiles; 5=most deprived) and individual-level deprivation (NZiDep scores 1-5; 5=most deprived). Dependent variables included typical weekday and weekend sleep duration (&lt;10hrs/10-13hrs), difference in week/weekend sleep duration (&gt;1hr/≤1hr) and midsleep time (≥1hr/&lt;1hr), problems falling asleep and problematic sleep patterns (no vs. moderate/large problem).

Results
Māori preschoolers were more likely to have short sleep (weekdays: PR=2.23, 95% CI 1.31-3.82; weekends: PR=2.04, 95% CI 1.24-3.36), week/weekend sleep duration difference &gt;1hr (PR=2.47, 95% CI 1.59-3.84), week/weekend midsleep difference ≥1hr (PR=2.38, 95% CI 1.30-4.36) and a moderate/large problem falling asleep (PR=1.43, 95% CI 1.00-2.06) than non-Māori preschoolers. Preschoolers living in most deprived areas were more likely to have short sleep on weekdays (NZDep quintile 4: PR=3.91, 95% CI 1.43-10.72; NZDep quintile 5: PR=4.14, 95% CI 1.54-11.12) and week/weekend sleep duration difference &gt;1hr (NZDep quintile 4: PR=2.34, 95% CI 1.23-4.43) than preschoolers in least deprived areas. Children with higher individual-level deprivation scores were more likely to have short sleep on weekends (NZiDep 5: PR=2.38, 95% CI 1.21-4.67) and a moderate/large problem falling asleep (NZiDep 3: PR=1.72, 95% CI 1.10-2.67) compared to children with lowest scores.

Conclusion
Ethnic and socioeconomic sleep health inequities exist as early as 3 years of age in NZ. Socio-political drivers of social and economic disadvantage experienced by Māori children and children from families who hold low socioeconomic position must be addressed to achieve equitable sleep health early in the lifecourse.

Support
Funding support was provided by Massey University New Zealand (Massey University Strategic Innovation Fund; Massey University Research Fund; and Massey University Doctoral Scholarship) and the Health Research Council of New Zealand (HRC 09/233, 08/547).
0362 Women are Underrepresented in Major US Sleep Societies Recognition Awards
Authors: Naime S , Karroum E G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Recognition awards are reflective of personal achievement and contribute to professional growth and academic promotion. Underrepresentation of women in recognition awards of various medical societies has been described. The Wayne A. Hening Sleep Medicine Investigator Award of the American Academy of Neurology was only given to two women since 2011. This finding prompted us to further investigate the gender distribution of major recognition awards in national US sleep societies.

Methods
Publicly available lists of recognition awards recipients were retrieved and analyzed from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and the Sleep Research Society (SRS) websites. Recognition awards that reflect major contribution to the sleep field were included. The primary outcome measures were the overall proportion of women award recipients across selected recognition awards and the trend over time (1981-2019) analyzed by decade using the Cochran-Armitage test.

Results
We identified seven major sleep recognition awards (four by the AASM and three by the SRS) with a wide variation in the proportion of awards presented to women (4.8% to 31.3%). There were overall 184 individual awards presented by the two US sleep societies, including 154 (83.7%) awarded for men and 30 (16.3%) awarded for women. The analysis of the awards over time by decade revealed a significant increasing trend (P &lt; 0.0001) in the proportion of awards recognizing women relative to men with a progression from 0.0% in the 1980s, to 3.0% in the 1990s, to 14.3% in the 2000s, and to 27.0% in the 2010s.

Conclusion
Overall in the last four decades, women have been underrepresented among major recognition awards from the AASM and the SRS, but it is encouraging to see a reduction in the gender gap, particularly over the last ten years. The reasons behind gender inequality in sleep recognition awards are unclear and need further investigation.

Support
This study was not funded.
0365 Sleep Quality Associated with Perceived Stress and Autonomic Nervous System Measures: Implications for Sleep and Health Disparities
Authors: Ng L , Tkacs N C , Richmond T S , Hanlon A L , Grandner M A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
It is not known whether the restorative nature of sleep mediates the effects of perceived stress on the autonomic nervous system (ANS).This study explored the relationships between stress and autonomic biomarkers, and aimed to assess potential mediation by sleep quality.

Methods
A secondary data analysis was performed using data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS, MIDUS II & Milwaukee). Multiple regression models examined the association between perceived stress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and two autonomic biomarkers-heart rate variability(HRV) (n=888) and urine catecholamines (n=1,058). The roles of sleep quality (using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)) and race/ethnicity were explored in post-hoc analyses.

Results
No statistically significant relationships were found between PSS and autonomic stress measures. However, perceived stress (b=0.09;p&lt;0.01; 95% CI=0.06,0.13) and the covariate Likert stress scale at baseline (b=0.13;p=&lt;0.04;95% CI=0.005,0.26) were significantly related to PSQI. Post hoc analyses explored racial differences. Baseline stress, PSS, depressive symptoms and PSQI scores were significantly higher in Blacks/African-Americans than Non-Hispanic Whites. Yet, Blacks/African-Americans had lower sympathetic responses (epinephrine means 1.56 vs 2.00;t=-4.82;p&lt;0.01, norepinephrine means, 24.15 vs 27.30;t=3.14;p&lt;0.01) and higher parasympathetic responses (lnHF, natural log of High Frequency HRV means 5.48 vs 4.75; t=6.17;p&lt;0.01), compared to Non-Hispanic Whites.

Conclusion
Blacks/African-Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites had significant differences in their sleep quality and ANS biomarkers. Sleep quality may play a role in the effect of discrimination on mental and physical health. Different stress sources may lead to variable expression in biomarkers of autonomic tone. Future prospective studies incorporating longitudinal biomarkers and alternative statistical models will help elucidate the relationships among stress, sleep, and the pathways linking these factors to poor health, and effect targeted treatments.

Support
The MIDUS I study was supported by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Network. MIDUS II was supported by the NIA(P01-AG020166), M01-RR023942(Georgetown), M01-RR00865(UCLA) and 1UL1RR025011(UW) grants. Many thanks to Dr. James McNally, Dr. Barry Radler, Dr. Gayle Love and Suzanne Hodge for access to the Milwaukee dataset.
0366 Sleep Health Dimensions, Disturbances, and Disruptors Among White, Black, Hispanic/ Latina, and Asian Women
Authors: Jackson C L , Gaston S A , McGrath J , Sandler D P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the importance of sleep for health promotion and disease prevention, data are limited regarding the distribution of multiple sleep health dimensions, disturbances, and disruptors among women, especially racial/ethnic minorities who disproportionately experience poor sleep.

Methods
To determine the prevalence of sleep health, disturbances, and disruptors (e.g., short sleep duration, sleep debt, insomnia symptoms, light exposure at night) overall and among Black, Hispanic/Latina, and Asian compared to White women, we used cross-sectional data collected by the Sister Study at enrollment (2003-2009) and two follow-ups (2012-2014, 2014-2016). Adjusting for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and health conditions including depression, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for unfavorable sleep among racial/ethnic minority compared to White women.

Results
Of the 49,874 eligible women (mean age ± standard deviation: 55.7 ± 9.0 years, 84.8% ≥high school education, 74.7% married) 85.3% were White, 9.0% Black, 5.1% Hispanic/Latina, and 0.7% Asian. Overall, 70% reported the recommended amount of sleep, 15.7% inconsistent weekly sleep patterns, 26% sleep debt, and 14% insomnia symptoms plus short sleep. Racial/ethnic minorities were much more likely than whites to report very short (≤5 hours) sleep (PRBlack)=5.98[95% Confidence Interval: 4.67-7.66]; PRLatina=2.83[1.98-4.04]; PRAsian=5.41[2.41-12.13] and to report needing &lt;7 hours to feel their best (PRBlack=2.95[2.75-3.17]; PRLatina=1.85[1.65-2.07]; PRAsian=2.66[2.10-3.37]). Black and Hispanic/Latina women had a higher prevalence than whites of insomnia, short sleep plus insomnia, inconsistent sleep, sleep debt, and frequent napping; however, all racial/ethnic minorities were less likely to report daytime sleepiness (PRBlack=0.82[0.78-0.85]; PRLatina=0.94[0.89-0.98]; PRAsian=0.79[0.69-0.92]) and restless leg syndrome. Witnessed sleep apnea was higher among Black women, and REM sleep disorder did not differ across racial/ethnic groups. Sleeping with room lights or a television on was more prevalent among racial/ethnic minorities (PRBlack=1.78[1.71-1.86]; PRLatina=1.27[1.17-1.37]; PRAsian=1.62[1.32-1.99]).

Conclusion
Poor sleep health, disturbances, and disruptors were prevalent among women and varied across racial/ethnic groups in ways that may contribute to health disparities.

Support
This work was funded by the Intramural Program at the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z1A ES103325-01 to (CLJ) and Z01 ES044005 to (DPS)).