bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborations on blood transfusion research in sub‐Saharan Africa: who, what and where
Authors: Fisher Amelia , Wallis Selina , Hassall Oliver , Martin Russell , Bates Imelda 
Published: February 2020

Background and objectivesChildren and pregnant women use 75% of the blood supply in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) but face widespread blood shortages. To increase safe blood supply, Africa‐specific evidence and strengthened capacity for transfusion research are needed. Our study analysed seven years of SSA transfusion publications, compared researched topics against priorities and enumerated SSA transfusion research collaborations.Materials and methodsData on research topic, journal type, authors’ institutions and country were extracted from transfusion‐related SSA articles published between 2008 and 14 and used to construct a quantitative, graphic visualization of collaborations. Research topics were compared to those identified as priorities for SSA blood services in 2008 and 2015.ResultsOf the 2176, 267 articles (average 38/year) met criteria for analysis. They involved 1245 authors, 673 institutions, 59 countries (35 SSA) and 1375 collaborations. About 41% were on transfusion‐transmitted infections. About 34% were published in specialist transfusion journals. Only 7% involved exclusively collaborations within SSA. Two of the top fifteen institutions by publication quantity were from outside SSA.ConclusionDespite a general paucity of SSA‐relevant transfusion research, Francophone SSA was well‐represented. Published research topics are not well matched to SSA research priorities; research on supply, distribution, financing and systems is particularly neglected. The study provides a baseline against which to track any refocusing of research activity to better meet SSA’s needs. Transfusion research hubs within and beyond SSA have been identified as a springboard network for expanding SSA transfusion research capacity.
Delayed metabolic dysfunction in myocardium following exertional heat stroke in mice
Authors: Laitano Orlando , Garcia Christian K. , Mattingly Alex J. , Robinson Gerard P. , Murray Kevin O. , King Michelle A. , Ingram Brian , Ramamoorthy Sivapriya , Leon Lisa R. , Clanton Thomas L. 
Published: February 2020

Key points
Exposure to exertional heat stroke (EHS) is associated with increased risk of long‐term cardiovascular disorders in humans.
We demonstrate that in female mice, severe EHS results in metabolic changes in the myocardium, emerging only after 9–14 days. This was not observed in males that were symptom‐limited at much lower exercise levels and heat loads compared to females.
At 14 days of recovery in females, there were marked elevations in myocardial free fatty acids, ceramides and diacylglycerols, consistent with development of underlying cardiac abnormalities.
Glycolysis shifted towards the pentose phosphate and glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase pathways. There was evidence for oxidative stress, tissue injury and microscopic interstitial inflammation. The tricarboxylic acid cycle and nucleic acid metabolism pathways were also negatively affected.
We conclude that exposure to EHS in female mice has the capacity to cause delayed metabolic disorders in the heart that could influence long‐term health.
AbstractExposure to exertional heat stroke (EHS) is associated with a higher risk of long‐term cardiovascular disease in humans. Whether this is a cause‐and‐effect relationship remains unknown. We studied the potential of EHS to contribute to the development of a ‘silent’ form of cardiovascular disease using a preclinical mouse model of EHS. Plasma and ventricular myocardial samples were collected over 14 days of recovery. Male and female C57bl/6J mice underwent forced wheel running for 1.5–3 h in a 37.5°C/40% relative humidity until symptom limitation, characterized by CNS dysfunction. They reached peak core temperatures of 42.2 ± 0.3°C. Females ran ∼40% longer, reaching ∼51% greater heat load. Myocardial and plasma samples (n = 8 per group) were obtained between 30 min and 14 days of recovery, analysed using metabolomics/lipidomics platforms and compared to exercise controls. The immediate recovery period revealed an acute energy substrate crisis from which both sexes recovered within 24 h. However, at 9–14 days, the myocardium of female mice developed marked elevations in free fatty acids, ceramides and diacylglycerols. Glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites revealed bottlenecks in substrate flow, with build‐up of intermediate metabolites consistent with oxidative stress and damage. Males exhibited only late stage reductions in acylcarnitines and elevations in acetylcarnitine. Histopathology at 14 days showed interstitial inflammation in the female hearts only. The results demonstrate that the myocardium of female mice is vulnerable to a slowly emerging metabolic disorder following EHS that may harbinger long‐term cardiovascular complications. Lack of similar findings in males may reflect their lower heat exposure.
Large-Eddy Simulation of the Flow Developing in Static and Rotating Ribbed Channels
Authors: Duchaine Florent , Gicquel Laurent , Grosnickel Thomas , Koupper Charlie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the present work, the turbulent flow fields in a static and rotating ribbed channel representative of an aeronautical gas turbine are investigated by the means of wall-resolved compressible large-Eddy simulation (LES). This approach has been previously validated in a squared ribbed channel based on an experimental database from the Von Karman Institute (Reynolds and rotation numbers of about 15,000 and ±0.38, respectively). LES results prove to reproduce differences induced by buoyancy in the near rib region and resulting from adiabatic or anisothermal flows under rotation. The model also manages to predict the turbulence increase (decrease) around the rib in destabilizing (stabilizing) rotation of the ribbed channels. On this basis, this paper investigates in more detail the spatial development of the flow along the channel and its potential impact on secondary flow structures. More specifically and for all simulations, results of the adiabatic static case exhibit two contra-rotating structures that are close to the lateral walls of the channel induced by transversal pressure difference created by the ribs. These structures are generated after the first ribs and appear behind all inter-rib sections, their relative position is partly affected by rotation. When considering the stabilizing rotating case, two additional contra-rotating structures also develop along the channel from the entrance close to the low-pressure wall (rib-mounted side). These vortices are due to the confinement of the configuration, inflow profile and are the result of Coriolis forces induced by rotation. Görtler vortices also appear on the pressure wall (opposite to the rib-mounted side). In the destabilizing rotating case, these two types of secondary structures are found to co-exist, and their migration in the channel is significantly different due to the presence of the ribs on the pressure side. Finally, it is shown that heat transfer affects only marginally the static and stabilized cases while it changes more significantly the flow organization in the destabilizing case mainly because of enhanced heat transfer and increased buoyancy force effects.
Extreme Sport, Identity, and Well-Being: A Case Study and Narrative Approach to Elite Skyrunning
Authors: McGannon Kerry R. , Pomerleau-Fontaine Lara , McMahon Jenny 
Published: February 2020

Although extreme-sport athletes’ experiences have been explored in sport psychology, more research is needed to understand the nuanced identity meanings for these athletes in the context of health and well-being. A case-study approach grounded in narrative inquiry was used to explore identity meanings of 1 elite extreme-sport athlete (i.e., skyrunner Kilian Jornet) in relation to well-being. Data gleaned from 4 documentary films and 10 autobiographical book chapters describing the Summits of My Life project were subjected to a thematic narrative analysis. Two intersecting narratives—discovery and relational—threaded the summits project and were used by Jornet to construct an “ecocentric” identity intertwined with nature in fluid ways, depending on 3 relationships related to well-being: the death of climbing partner Stéphane Brosse, team members’ shared values, and her relationship with partner Emelie Forsberg. An expansion of identity, health, and well-being research on extreme-sport athletes beyond simplistic portrayals of them as pathological risk takers and/or motivated by personality traits was gained from these findings.
Anticipation and Situation-Assessment Skills in Soccer Under Varying Degrees of Informational Constraint
Authors: Basevitch Itay , Tenenbaum Gershon , Filho Edson , Razon Selen , Boiangin Nataniel , Ward Paul 
Published: February 2020

The authors tested the notion that expertise effects would be more noticeable when access to situational information was reduced by occluding (i.e., noncued) or freezing (i.e., cued) the environment under temporal constraints. Using an adaptation of tasks developed by Ward, Ericsson, and Williams, the participants viewed video clips of attacking soccer plays frozen or occluded at 3 temporal points and then generated and prioritized situational options and anticipated the outcome. The high-skill players anticipated the outcomes more accurately, generated fewer task-irrelevant options, and were better at prioritizing task-relevant options than their low-skill counterparts. The anticipation scores were significantly and positively correlated with the option prioritization and task-relevant options generated but not with the total options generated. Counter to the authors’ prediction, larger skill-based option-prioritization differences were observed when the play was frozen than when it was occluded. These results indicate that processing environmental information depends on temporal and contextual conditions.
Validity of an Inexpensive Hanging Scale During Isometric Shoulder Movements
Authors: Oliveira Matheus Lima , Ferreira Isabela Christina , Ferreira Kariny Realino , Silveira-Nunes Gabriela , Barbosa Michelle Almeida , Barbosa Alexandre Carvalho 
Published: February 2020

Context: Strength assessment is essential to prescribe exercise in sports and rehabilitation. Low-cost valid equipment may allow continuous monitoring of training. Objective: To examine the validity of a very low-cost hanging scale by comparing differences in the measures of peak force to a laboratory grade load cell during shoulder abduction, flexion, extension, and internal and external rotations. Design: Analytical study. Participants: Thirty-two healthy subjects (18 women, age 26 [10] y, height 172 [8] cm, mass 69 [13] kg, body mass index 23 [4] kg/m2). Main Outcome Measures: The dependent variable was the maximal peak force (in kilogram-force). The independent variable was the instrument (laboratory grade load cell and hanging scale). Results: No differences were observed while comparing the results. The intraclass correlation coefficients1,1 ranged from .96 to .99, showing excellent results. The Cronbach alpha test also returned >.99 for all comparisons. The SEM ranged from 0.02 to 0.04 kgf, with an averaged SD from 0.24 to 0.38 kgf. The correlation was classified as high for all tested movements (r > .99; P < .001), with excellent adjusted coefficients of determination (.96 < r2 < .99). Bland–Altman results showed high levels of agreement with bias ranging from 0.27 to 0.48. Conclusions: Hanging scale provides valid measures of isometric strength with similar output measures as laboratory grade load cell.
Continental-scale geographic change across Zealandia during Paleogene subduction initiation
Authors: Sutherland R. , Dickens G.R. , Blum P. , Agnini C. , Alegret L. , Asatryan G. , Bhattacharya J. , Bordenave A. , Chang L. , Collot J. , Cramwinckel M.J. , Dallanave E. , Drake M.K. , Etienne S.J.G. , Giorgioni M. , Gurnis M. , Harper D.T. , Huang H.-H.M. , Keller A.L. , Lam A.R. , Li H. , Matsui H. , Morgans H.E.G. , Newsam C. , Park Y.-H. , Pascher K.M. , Pekar S.F. , Penman D.E. , Saito S. , Stratford W.R. , Westerhold T. , Zhou X. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Data from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 371 reveal vertical movements of 1–3 km in northern Zealandia during early Cenozoic subduction initiation in the western Pacific Ocean. Lord Howe Rise rose from deep (∼1 km) water to sea level and subsided back, with peak uplift at 50 Ma in the north and between 41 and 32 Ma in the south. The New Caledonia Trough subsided 2–3 km between 55 and 45 Ma. We suggest these elevation changes resulted from crust delamination and mantle flow that led to slab formation. We propose a “subduction resurrection” model in which (1) a subduction rupture event activated lithospheric-scale faults across a broad region during less than ∼5 m.y., and (2) tectonic forces evolved over a further 4–8 m.y. as subducted slabs grew in size and drove plate-motion change. Such a subduction rupture event may have involved nucleation and lateral propagation of slip-weakening rupture along an interconnected set of preexisting weaknesses adjacent to density anomalies.
Magnetotelluric imaging of a fossil oceanic plate in northwestern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Xu Y.X. , Yang B. , Zhang A.Q. , Wu S.C. , Zhu L. , Yang Y.J. , Wang Q.Y. , Xia Q.K. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Because an oceanic plate colliding with a continental plate will usually be subducted and recycled into the deep mantle, a fossil oceanic plate after the closure of an ancient ocean has rarely been imaged in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. This has led to a long-standing debate about the fate of subducted ocean plates. The problem can be addressed by imaging the lithosphere in a continental accretion zone with past ocean subduction. We present a study using long-period magnetotelluric data that reveals a large shallow-mantle conductor in a Phanerozoic accretion area in northwestern Xinjiang, China. This conductor extends &gt;300 km laterally at depths from 120 to 220 km and resembles a segment of a fossil oceanic plate. The reduced resistivity is ascribed to the volatile-bearing metasomatic minerals, based on its relatively fertile nature and low temperature. Our results demonstrate that an oceanic plate can be trapped in continental lithosphere, underscoring the significance of oceanic plate subduction to continental accretion, and shedding new light on our understanding of continental formation and evolution.
Cholestatic hepatitis with concomitant nephrotic syndrome due to late syphilis in an immunocompetent 32-year-old man
Authors: Kasper Philipp , Martin Anna , Nierhoff Dirk , Goeser Tobias 
Published: February 2020

A 32-year-old man was referred to our clinic for evaluation of abnormal liver function tests and concurrent proteinuria. Physical examination revealed a maculopapular rash, involving the trunk and palms, and multiple ‘moth-eaten’ patches of alopecia. After a prolonged diagnostic work-up a hepatitis with concomitant nephrotic syndrome due to secondary syphilis was diagnosed. Treatment with benzylpenicillin led to complete clinical recovery. Syphilis is a re-emerging infectious disease with heterogeneous clinical presentation that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of inexplicable simultaneous liver and kidney dysfunction in patients with high-risk sexual behaviour.Syphilis is a re-emerging infectious disease with heterogeneous clinical presentation that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of inexplicable simultaneous liver and kidney dysfunction in patients with high-risk sexual behaviour.
Hidden curriculum within nutrition education in medical schools
Authors: Martin Stephen , Sturgiss Elizabeth , Douglas Kirsty , Ball Lauren 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionPrevious attempts to enhance medical nutrition education have typically focussed on students’ acquiring nutrition knowledge or skills. Given that medical training uses an apprenticeship model of training, surprisingly few studies have explored the ‘hidden curriculum’ that students experience regarding expectations of behaviour, roles and responsibilities regarding nutrition. This study explored medical students’ perceptions and experiences regarding medical nutrition education, focussing on the context in which nutrition teaching has been provided, the presented place of nutrition within medicine and their subsequent views on their role in providing nutrition care.MethodsIndividual semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 postgraduate medical students at different stages of their medical degree in Australia. The interviews were conducted using case studies followed by interview questions. Data were audio recorded, transcribed, coded and then underwent inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were discovered (i)Valuing nutrition in the medical management of patientswhereby students perceived nutrition to be a foundational and central component of ideal medical management for patients, particularly those with chronic disease; (ii)Fluctuating emphasis on nutritionwhich showed that students experienced diversity in the importance placed on nutrition by others and (iii)Working with otherswhereby students expressed their understanding of their role in nutrition and the roles of team members such as dietitians.ConclusionTo enhance medical nutrition education, consideration needs to extend beyond counting dedicated teaching hours and mapping nutrition content, to a more contextual understanding of the situated learning that occurs for medical students.
Chronic disease management models in nursing homes: a scoping review
Authors: Boscart Veronique , Crutchlow Lauren E , Sheiban Taucar Linda , Johnson Keia , Heyer Michelle , Davey Meaghan , Costa Andrew P , Heckman George 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesNursing home (NH) residents experience a high burden of chronic disease. Chronic disease management (CDM) can be a challenge, as the context of care provision and the way care is provided impact care delivery. This scoping review aimed to identify types of chronic diseases studied in intervention studies in NHs, influential contextual factors addressed by interventions and future CDM research considerations.DesignThe scoping review followed guidelines by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and Levac, Colquhoun and O’Brien (2010). Six reviewers screened citations for inclusion. Data extraction was performed by one reviewer and verified by a second reviewer.Data sourcesWe searched four databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed and Scopus, in March 2018.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if (1) aim of intervention was to improve CDM, (2) intervention incorporated the chronic care model (CCM), (3) included NH residents, (4) analysed the efficacy of the intervention and (5) sample included adults over age 65 years. Studies were limited to English or French language and to those published after 1996, when the CCM was first conceptualised.Data extraction and synthesisExtracted information included the type of chronic disease, the type and number of CCM model components used in the intervention, the method of delivery of the intervention, and outcomes.ResultsOn completion of the review of 11 917 citations, 13 studies were included. Most interventions targeted residents living with dementia. There was significant heterogeneity noted among designs, outcomes, and type and complexity of intervention components. There was little evaluation of the sustainability of interventions, including feasibility.ConclusionsResearch was heavily focused on management of dementia. The most commonly included CCM components were multidisciplinary care, evidence-based care, coordinated care and clinical information systems. Future research should include subjective and objective outcomes, which are meaningful for NH residents, for common chronic diseases.
Time series analysis of total and direct associations between high temperatures and preterm births in Detroit, Michigan
Authors: Gronlund Carina J , Yang Alyssa J , Conlon Kathryn C , Bergmans Rachel S , Le Hien Q , Batterman Stuart A , Wahl Robert L , Cameron Lorraine , O'Neill Marie S 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesPreterm births (PTBs) represent significant health risks, and several studies have found associations between high outdoor temperatures and PTB. We estimated both the total and natural direct effects (independent of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide air pollutants) of the prior 2-day mean apparent temperature (AT) on PTB. We evaluated effect modification by maternal age, race, education, smoking status and prenatal care.Design and settingWe obtained birth records and meteorological data for the Detroit, Michigan, USA area, for the warm months (May to September), 1991 to 2001. We used a time series Poisson regression with splines of AT, wind speed, solar radiation and citywide average precipitation to estimate total effects. To accommodate multiple mediators and exposure-mediator interactions, AT inverse odds weights, predicted by meteorological and air pollutant covariates, were added in a subsequent model to estimate direct effects.ResultsAt 24.9°C relative to 18.6°C, 10.6% (95% CI: 3.8% to 17.2%) of PTBs were attributable to the total effects of AT, and 10.4% (95% CI: 2.2% to 17.5%) to direct effects. Relative excess risks of interaction indicated that the risk of PTB with increasing temperature above 18.6°C was significantly lower among black mothers and higher among mothers less than 19, older than 30, with late or no prenatal care and who smoked.ConclusionThis additional evidence of a direct association between high temperature and PTB may motivate public health interventions to reduce extreme heat exposures among pregnant women, particularly among those who may have enhanced vulnerability.