bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate and delayed responses of power lines and transformers in the Czech electric power grid to geomagnetic storms
Authors: Švanda Michal , Mourenas Didier , Žertová Karla , Výbošt’oková Tatiana 
Published: June 2020

Eruptive events of solar activity often trigger abrupt variations of the geomagnetic field. Through the induction of electric currents, human infrastructures are also affected, namely the equipment of electric power transmission networks. It was shown in past studies that the rate of power-grid anomalies may increase after an exposure to strong geomagnetically induced currents. We search for a rapid response of devices in the Czech electric distribution grid to disturbed days of high geomagnetic activity. Such disturbed days are described either by the cumulative storm-time Dst or d(SYM-H)/dt low-latitude indices mainly influenced by ring current variations, by the cumulative AE high-latitude index measuring substorm-related auroral current variations, or by the cumulative ap mid-latitude index measuring both ring and auroral current variations. We use superposed epoch analysis to identify possible increases of anomaly rates during and after such disturbed days. We show that in the case of abundant series of anomalies on power lines, the anomaly rate increases significantly immediately (within 1 day) after the onset of geomagnetic storms. In the case of transformers, the increase of the anomaly rate is generally delayed by 2–3 days. We also find that transformers and some electric substations seem to be sensitive to a prolonged exposure to substorms, with a delayed increase of anomalies. Overall, we show that in the 5-day period following the commencement of geomagnetic activity there is an approximately 5–10% increase in the recorded anomalies in the Czech power grid and thus this fraction of anomalies is probably related to an exposure to GICs.
Deutschlandweite Studie zur präanästhetischen Risikoeinschätzung mithilfe der ASA-Klassifikation beim Hund
Authors: Hauber Elke , Alef Michaele 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Die Studie soll einen Überblick zur Genauigkeit der Einschätzung des Anästhesierisikos beim Hund mithilfe der ASA-Klassifikation (ASA = American Society of Anaesthesiologists) geben. Für die Humanmedizin liegen diverse Studien vor, die den ASA-Status aufgrund einer gewissen Subjektivität und erheblichen Varianz in der Bewertung eines präanästhetischen Patienten kritisieren. Eine ähnliche Untersuchung erfolgte für die Anwendung des ASA-Schemas beim Hund.
Material und Methoden Es wurde eine deutschlandweite Online-Umfrage unter in der Kleintiermedizin tätigen Tierärzten durchgeführt. Die Teilnehmer erhielten allgemeine Fragen zu ihrem beruflichen Hintergrund. Zudem wurden ihnen 15 Patienten vorgestellt. Die Patientenbeschreibung enthielt das Signalement, eine kurze Anamnese, die Ergebnisse der präanästhetischen Untersuchung, Blutbefunde und den Grund für die Allgemeinanästhesie. Die Teilnehmer sollten die Patienten jeweils in eine der 5 ASA-Klassen einordnen. Die Resultate wurden mithilfe des unabhängigen t-Tests und einfaktorieller Varianzanalyse untersucht. Zudem wurde ein Fleiss-Kappa (κ) ermittelt. Das Signifikanzniveau lag bei 5 %.
Ergebnisse Die Übereinstimmung aller vergebenen ASA-Klassen aller Bewerter war nur schwach (κ = 0,33). Für jeden der 15 Fälle wurden mindestens 3 verschiedene ASA-Klassen vergeben, in 4 Fällen umfasste die Bewertung die maximal möglichen 5 Klassen. Bezüglich der Übereinstimmung der vergebenen ASA-Klasse oder der Höhe der zugeordneten Klasse ließ sich kein Einfluss von Geschlecht oder Jahren an klinischer Erfahrung der Tierärzte feststellen. Auch wie sicher sich die Teilnehmer in der Anwendung der ASA-Klassifikation fühlten, erbrachte keinen signifikanten Unterschied in der Übereinstimmung der ASA-Einschätzung.
Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Bei Vergabe der ASA-Klassen beim Hund konnten eine Subjektivität und eine erhebliche Varianz nachgewiesen werden. Die ASA-Klassifikation ist ein weit verbreitetes Instrument zur schnellen und einfachen präanästhetischen Risikoklassifizierung eines Patienten. Dennoch besteht die Notwendigkeit, objektivere Kriterien in eine präanästhetische Einschätzung einzubeziehen, um präzisere und reproduzierbare Ergebnisse zu erhalten.
Impfen bei dermatologischen Patienten vor und unter immunmodulierenden Therapien – Erfahrungen aus einer ambulanten Spezialsprechstunde
Authors: Jahn S. , Föhr J. , Herbst M. 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungImpfen heißt, durch Auslösen einer aktiven Immunität den entsprechenden (Infektions-)Krankheiten vorzubeugen. Dem kommt durch die immer zahlreicher verfügbaren immunmodulierenden Therapien für dermato-onkologische, Autoimmun- und allergische Erkrankungen eine zunehmende Bedeutung zu. Wir möchten darstellen, vor welche Herausforderungen wir uns beim Aufbau eines Impfmanagements für die derzeit über 80 Patientinnen und Patienten unserer Spezialsprechstunde „Immundermatologie“ gestellt sehen.
Electrolyte measurement in goats: Comparison of 2 blood gas analyzers and evaluation of the preanalytical blood sample preparation on measurement results
Authors: Luethy Daniela , Hopster Klaus 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel 1) Vergleich zwischen einem mobilen, vollautomatischen Elektrolyt-Blutgasanalysegerät (Abaxis VetScan i-STAT 1) (POC) und einem stationären Elektrolyt-Blutgasanalysegerät (Opti CCA-TS2) (VBG) hinsichtlich ihrer Übereinstimmung bei Elektrolytmessungen bei Ziegen und 2) Evaluierung der Auswirkung des Probentyps auf die von beiden Analysegeräten gemessenen Elektrolytkonzentrationen.
Material und Methoden Bei insgesamt 30 Ziegen (21 Patienten und 9 Versuchstiere) wurden Blutproben entnommen und in heparinhaltigen Röhrchen (33 IE/2 ml Natrium-Heparin) (TUBE) und einer heparinisierten Spritze (430 IE/ml Natrium-Heparin) (SYRINGE) gesammelt. Die Proben wurden mittels POC und VBG analysiert und unter Verwendung einer Bland-Altman-Analyse und Pearson-Korrelation verglichen. Der Vergleich zwischen den verschiedenen Probentypen erfolgte unter Verwendung einer ANOVA.
Ergebnisse Im Vergleich zwischen den Analysegeräten ergab sich für die Natriumkonzentrationen (Na) ein Bias (95 % Limits of Agreement) von 0,07 mmol/l (–4,37 bis 4,52) für TUBE und –6,13 mmol/l (–11,04 bis 1,22) für SYRINGE. Kaliumkonzentrationen (K) zeigten ein Bias von 0,09 mmol/l (–0,5 bis 0,67) und 0,08 mmol/l (–0,4 bis 0,56) für TUBE bzw. SYRINGE. Bei den Konzentrationen an ionisiertem Kalzium (iCa) wurde ein Bias von 0,05 mmol/l (0,01 bis 0,1) bzw. –0,02 mmol/l (–0,18 bis 0,14) für TUBE bzw. SYRINGE ermittelt.Der Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Probentypen ergab für den POC ein Bias für Na von 5,13 mmol/l (0,18–10,09), für K von 0,04 mmol/l (–0,12 bis 0,2) und für iCa von 0,4 mmol/l (0,12–0,68).
Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Der POC zeigte im Vergleich zum VBG eine klinisch vernachlässigbare Verzerrung der Ergebnisse der Elektrolytanalyse. Beim ionisierten Kalzium fanden sich Unterschiede zwischen den Probentypen, was auf einen Effekt der Heparinkonzentration auf iCa hinweist.
Zytologische Untersuchung der Milz beim Hund
Authors: Betz Daniela Simon 
Published: June 2020

Yankin I, Nemanic S, Funes S et al. Clinical relevance of splenic nodules or heterogeneous splenic parenchyma assessed by cytologic evaluation of fine-needle samples in 125 dogs (2011–2015). J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34: 125–131
Bei der sonografischen Untersuchung der Milz fallen häufig kleine Läsionen und/oder ein inhomogenes Parenchym auf. Eine Unterscheidung zwischen benignen und malignen Veränderungen lässt sich jedoch mittels Ultraschall allein nicht vornehmen, da sich die Läsionen morphologisch ähneln. Somit ist die klinische Bedeutung auffälliger sonografischer Befunde vielfach unklar. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war daher zu beleuchten, inwiefern spezielle sonografische Veränderungen mit einer klinisch relevanten Diagnose zusammenhängen.
The Association between Obesity and Premenopausal Breast Cancer According to Intrinsic Subtypes – a Systematic Review
Authors: Torres-de la Roche Luz Angela , Steljes Isabell , Janni Wolfgang , Friedl Thomas W. P. , De Wilde Rudy Leon 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction Obesity is a well-established risk factor for postmenopausal hormone-receptor positive breast cancer. The relationship between premenopausal breast cancer intrinsic subtypes and obesity is not completely elucidated; therefore, this systematic review was conducted to give an overview about the existing evidence.
Methods This review followed the PRISMA Statement for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Full electronic search was conducted in PubMed and Orbis for articles published in English between January 2008 and June 2018. The literature search was performed in June 2018 using search strings that combined the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) keywords and/or text words in any field were used: “body mass index” (BMI) OR obesity OR overweight AND premenopausal breast cancer.
Results 391 articles were found to be eligible, of which ultimately 21 were included comprising a total of 55 580 breast cancer patients. 45% were case-control studies, 35% were single cohort studies, 15% were cohort studies, two were cross-sectional studies, one was a multicenter-study and one was a pooled analysis. The evidence shows a tendency for an increased risk for the more aggressive triple negative breast cancer subtype in obese premenopausal women and a decreased risk for less aggressive tumor subtypes such as the luminal A subtype. The evidence is limited by small sample sizes for triple negative and HER2-positive subtypes in severely obese patients.
Conclusion Higher BMI might influence aggressive tumor characteristics among premenopausal women and has divergent impacts on the risk of different breast cancer subtypes. Further research is needed to confirm these results and to evaluate potential pathophysiologic mechanisms for the relationship between obesity and aggressive premenopausal breast cancer subtypes.
Introduction of Carbon Substituents into Nitroarenes via Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen: New Developments
Authors: Loska Rafał , Mąkosza Mieczysław 
Published: June 2020

Nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in nitroarenes has become a powerful synthetic tool for functionalization of these important organic substrates, complementary to other modern methods. In this review we present new developments in the area of introduction of alkyl and functionalized alkyl substituents into nitroarene rings via nucleo­philic substitution of hydrogen, followed by application of these processes in the construction of carbo- and heterocyclic rings. Finally, new developments in the investigation of the mechanism of SNArH are summarized.1 Introduction2 Alkylation and Haloalkylation3 Functionalized Carbon Substituents4 Formation of Carbo- and Heterocyclic Rings5 Mechanistic Aspects of SNArH6 Conclusion
Noninvasive Diagnostics for Portal Hypertension: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mandorfer Mattias , Hernández-Gea Virginia , García-Pagán Juan Carlos , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNoninvasive diagnostics for portal hypertension include imaging and functional tests, as well as blood-based biomarkers, and capture different features of the portal hypertensive syndrome. Definitive conclusions regarding their clinical utility require assessment of their diagnostic value in specific clinical settings (i.e., diagnosing a particular hemodynamic condition within a well-defined target population). Several noninvasive methods are predictive of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH; hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG] ≥ 10 mm Hg; the threshold for complications of portal hypertension); however, only a minority of them have been evaluated in compensated advanced chronic liver disease (i.e., the target population). Importantly, most methods correlate only weakly with HVPG at high values (i.e., in patients with CSPH). Nevertheless, selected methods show promise for diagnosing HVPG ≥ 16 mm Hg (the cut-off for increased risks of hepatic decompensation and mortality) and monitoring HVPG changes in response to nonselective beta-blockers or etiological treatments. Finally, we review established and potential future clinical applications of noninvasive methods.
Cell-Free DNA as an Addition to Ultrasound for Screening of a Complete Hydatidiform Mole and Coexisting Normal Fetus Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Gabra Martina G. , Gonzalez Maritza G. , Bullock Holly N. , Hill Meghan G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Complete hydatidiform mole and coexisting normal fetus pregnancies (CHMCF) are rare and can be life-threatening to the mother. Definitive diagnosis can be made with chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis. However invasive procedures carry a risk of bleeding. We present the case of a twin molar pregnancy where a cell-free DNA screening test was utilized to evaluate for CHMCF pregnancy.
Case A patient presented at 15-week gestational age with suspected CHMCF pregnancy. Ultrasound revealed a normal-appearing pregnancy abutting a multicystic lesion concerning for a complete mole. Cell-free DNA was obtained and was suggestive of complete paternal uniparental disomy. Pathological evaluation of the products of conception confirmed the diagnosis of CHMCF.
Conclusion In atypical cases, cell-free DNA may be useful in evaluation of molar pregnancy.
Combined Plating of Intra-Articular Distal Radius Fractures, a Consecutive Series of 74 Cases
Authors: Sagerfors Marcus , Lundqvist Eva , Bjorling Patrik 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The distal radius fracture (DRF) is the most common fracture in adults. For unstable intra-articular fractures, the choice of treatment is often operative. The optimal choice of fixation remains a matter of discussion.
Question/Purpose Can combined volar and dorsal plating, using a dorsal frame plate, achieve a good functional and radiographic 1-year outcome in intra-articular DRFs?
Methods In a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated 74 consecutive patients operated with combined plating using a volar plate and a dorsal frame plate. The DRFs were operated between 2016 and 2017 and all cases were AO type C intra-articular fractures. The primary outcome was patient-reported outcome measures including radiographic examination 1 year postoperatively. Secondary outcome measures included wrist range of motion, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, and hand grip strength.
Results The median patient-rated wrist evaluation score was 18 points; the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand score was 14.8 points. The median Batra radiographic score was 88. Wrist extension was 76% of the uninjured side, flexion was 74%, pronation was 94%, and supination was 94%. VAS pain scores were 0 at rest and 2 during activity. Hand grip strength was 82% compared with the uninjured side. The radiographic outcome according to Batra did not correspond to the patient-reported outcome. Patients older than 60 years had significantly better QuickDASH (quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand) and PRWE scores (patient-rated wrist evaluation scores) and less pain during activity compared with younger patients despite similar radiographic outcome. There were no tendon ruptures; hardware removal was performed in 21 of the 74 patients.
Conclusion The radiographic outcome did not correspond to the functional outcome 1 year postoperatively. Older patients report less pain and better functional outcome compared with younger patients. There were no tendon ruptures and the frequency of hardware removal was acceptable. Complex intra-articular DRFs AO type C can be managed with volar and dorsal frame-plate fixation to restore distal radius anatomy and achieve a good functional outcome.
COVID-19 and HELLP: Overlapping Clinical Pictures in Two Gravid Patients
Authors: Futterman Itamar , Toaff Miriam , Navi Liel , Clare Camille A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) on pregnancies is currently under investigation. There is a significant overlap between the clinical findings in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome (HELLP).
Cases Patients presented at 22 and 29 weeks of gestation with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia. While the patient at 22 weeks of gestation subsequently had an intrauterine fetal demise, the patient at 29 weeks of gestation delivered via an emergency cesarean delivery for nonreassuring fetal status. Both patients also developed transaminitis, thrombocytopenia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation with a proof of hemolysis on peripheral smear.
Conclusion Clinicians are encouraged to consider both of these diagnoses when caring for pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic to assure that both maternal and fetal concerns are addressed and treated appropriately.
Racial Disparities in Outcomes of Reconstructive Breast Surgery: An Analysis of 51,362 Patients from the ACS-NSQIP
Authors: Blankensteijn Louise L. , Sparenberg Sebastian , Crystal Dustin T. , Ibrahim Ahmed M.S. , Lee Bernard T. , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background In various surgical specialties, racial disparities in postoperative complications are widely reported. It is assumed that the effect of race can also be found in plastic surgical outcomes, although this remains largely undefined in literature. This study aims to provide data on the impact of race on outcomes of reconstructive breast surgery.
Methods Data were collected using the NSQIP (National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) database (2008–2016). Outcomes of the reconstructive breast surgery of White patients were compared with those of African American, Asian, or other races. Logistic regression was performed to control for variations between all groups. Analysis of racial disparities was further sub-stratified according to four different types of breast reconstruction: delayed or immediate autologous, and delayed or immediate prosthesis-based reconstruction.
Results In total, this study included 51,362 patients of which 43,864 were Caucasian, 5,135 African American, 2,057 Asian, and 332 of other races. When compared with White patients, patients of African American race had larger body mass indices (31.3 ± 7.0 vs. 27.6 ± 6.3, p-value < 0.001) in addition to higher rates of diabetes (12.3 vs 4.6%, p-value < 0.001) and hypertension (44.7 vs. 23.4%, p-value < 0.001). Both multivariate analysis and the sub-stratified analysis of different types of reconstruction showed no differences in overall complication rate.
Conclusion Among the four types of reconstructive procedures, differences in surgical outcomes do not appear to be based on race and therefore seem to be less evident in reconstructive breast surgery compared with the current literature within other surgical specialties.
Diagnostic Value of Different Biomarkers to Identify Bacterial Coinfection in Vietnamese Children with Severe Rhinovirus Pneumonia
Authors: Pham Hien Thu , Nguyen Tran Thi Ngoc , Thi Tam Ngo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aims to assess the diagnostic value of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and interleukin (IL)-6 in the diagnosis of pneumonia caused by Rhinovirus alone or with bacterial coinfection in Vietnamese children under 5 years of age. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 26 children under 5 years of age with severe pneumonia due to Rhinovirus at the National Pediatric Hospital. IL-6, hs-CRP, and PCT tests were performed. The diagnostic values of PCT, IL-6, and hs-CRP in classifying those with viral alone and those with bacterial coinfection were determined. Of 26 children, 10 children were diagnosed to have bacterial coinfections (38.5%). The optimal cutoff point for PCT was > 2.30 ng/mL (sensitivity 50%, specificity 94%, positive predictive value 83%, and negative predictive value 75%). The optimal cutoff point for hs-CRP was > 1.53 mg/dl (sensitivity 90%, specificity 56%, positive predictive value 56%, and negative predictive value 90%). Finally, the optimal cut-off point for IL-6 was > 441.5 pg/mL (sensitivity 20%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictive value 60%). The accuracy rate of PCT was the highest with 69.2%, followed by hs-CRP with 65.4%. Inflammatory biomarkers such as PCT and hs-CRP were able to distinguish children with severe pneumonia caused by Rhinovirus alone and those with bacterial coinfection.
The history of spin ice
Authors: Bramwell Steven T , Harris Mark J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This review is a study of how the idea of spin ice has evolved over the years, with a focus on the scientific questions that have come to define the subject. Since our initial discovery of spin ice in 1997, there have been well over five thousand papers that discuss it, and in the face of such detail, it must be difficult for the curious observer to ‘see the wood for the trees’. To help in this task, we go in search of the biggest insight to have emerged from the study of spin ice. On the way, we identify highlights and outstanding puzzles, and celebrate the inspirational role that Roger Cowley played in the early years.
Structurally designed porous polymer monoliths as probe-anchoring templates as benign and fast responsive solid-state optical sensors for the sensing and recovery of copper ions
Authors: Sompalli Naveen Kumar , Deivasigamani Prabhakaran 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, we report on the superior ion-capturing and sensing competence of a new breed of aqua-compatible solid-state ion-sensor using a structurally organized polymer monolith, for the ocular sensing of trace levels of divalent copper ions. The polymer monolithic template exhibits a single block framework with a uniform structural pattern and porous network that serves as an efficient host for the homogeneous probe anchoring, to constitute a renewable solid-state optical sensor. Here, a series of solid-state colorimetric Cu(II) sensors has been designed using three indigenously synthesized chelating probes (molecules) namely, 4-butyl-N-(2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazine-1-carbonothioyl)benzamide (BNHCB), 2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinen-1-carbothioamide (TMHCA), and 4-butylphenyl(diazenyl)-2-mercaptopyrimidine-4,6-diol (BDMPD). The polymer monoliths are characterized using various surface and structural analysis techniques such as HR-SEM, HR-TEM, XPS, XRD, FT-IR, EDAX, and BET surface area analysis. The fabricated solid-state sensors exhibit excellent selectivity and sensitivity for copper ions with unique color transitions that are reliable even at ultra-trace (ppb) levels. The impact of diverse sensing parameters such as solution pH, probe concentration, sensor quantity, target ion concentration, temperature, response kinetics, and matrix tolerances have been optimized. The fabricated sensor materials proffer maximum sensing efficiency in neutral pH conditions, with a limit of detection (LD) and quantification (LQ) values of 0.56 and 1.87 μg l−1, 0.30 and 1.0 μg l−1, and 0.12 and 0.42 μg l−1, for BNHCB-, BDMPD-, and TMHCA-anchored polymer sensors, respectively. The proposed reusable solid-state colorimetric sensors are environmentally benign, cost-effective and data reproducible, with superior analytical performance.