bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-movement dynamics of sustainability indices: investigating the diversification opportunities through FTSE4Good index family and Borsa Istanbul sustainability index
Authors: Gok Ibrahim Yasar , Duranay Serhat , Uzunoglu Unlu Hande 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the international portfolio diversification opportunities provided by Turkish sustainable firms to international socially responsible investors.Design/methodology/approachThe Borsa Istanbul Sustainability Index (XUSRD) and FTSE4Good index family daily data for the period of 11/04/2014-12/31/2017 is used and the DCC-GARCH model is applied to explore the dynamic correlation linkages.FindingsThe results indicate that co-movements between XUSRD and FTSE4Good indices are time-varying and generally display a low level. While the highest average conditional correlation value was observed between XUSRD and Developed 100 index, the lowest one was between XUSRD and FTSE4Good Japan index.Research limitations/implicationsSince XUSRD was launched on 11/04/2014, there is no available data before this date. Additionally, because the study includes indices from the USA to Japan, it is not possible to use high-frequency stock index data due to lack of overlapping time series.Practical implicationsThis study contributes implications for investors of sustainability assets to improve their diversification. Especially, it is identified that the diversification opportunities provided by Turkish sustainable firms are largely possible for Japanese and Australian socially responsible investors. Additionally, this research has contributions for policymakers.Originality/valueAlthough the conventional stock market indices are widely examined in terms of their time-variant relationship, there are only a few studies in the literature focusing on sustainability indices. Socially responsible investments (SRI) are emerging as a new trend, and these investments are also in need of international portfolio diversification. Therefore, this study is expected to fill a gap in the SRI literature.
Quantitative changes in the secretion of exosomes from keratinocytes homeostatically regulate skin pigmentation in a paracrine manner
Authors: Takano Kei , Hachiya Akira , Murase Daiki , Tanabe Hiroki , Kasamatsu Shinya , Takahashi Yoshito , Moriwaki Shigeru , Hase Tadashi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe content and distribution of melanin in the epidermis determines the wide variety of skin colors associated with ethnic/racial diversity. Although it was previously reported that qualitative changes in keratinocyte‐derived exosomes regulate melanocyte pigmentation in vitro, their practical involvement, especially in skin color development in vivo, has remained unclear. To address this unexplained scientific concern, the correlation of epidermal exosomes isolated from human skin tissues with melanosomal protein expression levels was demonstrated in this study for the first time. After confirming the quantitative effect of human keratinocyte‐derived exosomes on human melanocyte activation, even in the absence of ultraviolet B (UV‐B) exposure, the impact of exosomes secreted from UV‐B‐irradiated keratinocytes on melanogenesis was consistently detected, which suggests their constitutive role in regulating cutaneous pigmentation. Additionally, both a specific exosome secretion inducer and a suppressor were consistently found to significantly control melanin synthesis in a co‐culture system composed of keratinocytes and melanocytes as well as in an ex vivo skin culture system. These results suggest that quantitative changes, in addition to already known qualitative changes, in exosomes secreted from human epidermal keratinocytes homeostatically regulate melanogenic activity in a paracrine manner, which leads to skin color determination.
The association of hospital teaching intensity with 30‐day postdischarge heart failure readmission and mortality rates
Authors: Shahian David M. , Liu Xiu , Mort Elizabeth A. , Normand Sharon‐Lise T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate risk‐adjusted, 30‐day postdischarge heart failure mortality and readmission rates stratified by hospital teaching intensity.Data Sources and Study SettingA total of 709 221 Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries discharged from 3135 US hospitals between 1/1/2013 and 11/30/2014 with a principal diagnosis of heart failure.Study DesignHospitals were classified as Council of Teaching Hospitals and Health Systems (COTH) major teaching hospitals, non‐COTH teaching hospitals, and nonteaching hospitals. Hospital teaching status was linked with MedPAR patient data and FY2016 Hospital Readmission Reduction Program penalties. Index hospitalization survival probabilities were estimated with hierarchical logistic regression and used to stratify index hospitalization survivors into severity deciles. Decile‐specific models were estimated for 30‐day postdischarge readmission and mortality. Thirty‐day postdischarge outcomes were estimated by teaching intensity and penalty categories.Principal FindingsAveraged across deciles, adjusted 30‐day COTH hospital readmission rates were, on a relative scale ([COTH minus nonteaching] ÷ nonteaching), 1.63 percent higher (95% CI: 0.89 percent, 2.25 percent) than at nonteaching hospitals, but their average adjusted 30‐day postdischarge mortality rates were 11.55 percent lower (95% CI: −13.78 percent, −9.37 percent). Penalized COTH hospitals had the highest readmission rates of all categories (23.99 percent [95% CI: 23.50 percent, 24.49 percent]) but the lowest 30‐day postdischarge mortality (8.30 percent [95% CI: 7.99 percent, 8.57 percent] vs 9.84 percent [95% CI: 9.69 percent, 9.99 percent] for nonpenalized, nonteaching hospitals).ConclusionsHeart failure readmission penalties disproportionately impact major teaching hospitals and inadequately credit their better postdischarge survival.
Actigraphic patterns, impulsivity and mood instability in bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder and healthy controls
Authors: McGowan N.M. , Goodwin G.M. , Bilderbeck A.C. , Saunders K.E.A. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo differentiate the relation between the structure and timing of rest‐activity patterns and symptoms of impulsivity and mood instability in bipolar disorder (BD), borderline personality disorder (BPD) and healthy controls (HC).MethodsEighty‐seven participants (31 BD, 21 BPD and 35 HC) underwent actigraph monitoring for 28 days as part of the Automated Monitoring of Symptom Severity (AMoSS) study. Impulsivity was assessed at study entry using the BIS‐11. Mood instability was subsequently longitudinally monitored using the digital Mood Zoom questionnaire.ResultsBPD participants show several robust and significant correlations between non‐parametric circadian rest‐activity variables and worsened symptoms. Impulsivity was associated with low interdaily stability (r = −0.663) and weak amplitude (r = −0.616). Mood instability was associated with low interdaily stability (r = −0.773), greater rhythm fragmentation (r = 0.662), weak amplitude (r = −0.694) and later onset of daily activity (r = 0.553). These associations were not present for BD or HCs. Classification analysis using actigraphic measures determined that later L5 onset reliably distinguished BPD from BD and HC but did not sufficiently discriminate between BD and HC.ConclusionsRest‐activity pattern disturbance indicative of perturbed sleep and circadian function is an important predictor of symptom severity in BPD. This appears to validate the greater subjective complaints of BPD individuals that are sometimes regarded as exaggerated by clinicians. We suggest that treatment strategies directed towards improving sleep and circadian entrainment may in the future be investigated in BPD.
Reference values and secular trends for cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Johansson Linnea , Brissman Markus , Morinder Gunilla , Westerståhl Maria , Marcus Claude 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo present specific reference values for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children with obesity and to analyse secular trends of CRF in the studied population.MethodsCardiorespiratory fitness, the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), was estimated with the Åstrand‐Rhyming submaximal bicycle test, in 705 Swedish children (356 girls, 8‐20 years) with obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Data were collected from 1999 to 2013. Secular trends, analysed with multiple linear regression, were adjusted for age, height and body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS).ResultsAll children had low CRF compared with normal weight standards but there was a marked variability of CRF in children with obesity, which was possible to quantify with the developed obesity specific CRF reference values. The mean value of absolute VO2 max (L/min) increased with age and relative VO2 max (mL/kg/min) decreased with age in both boys and girls. There was a negative secular trend in both sexes (P < .001).ConclusionThese are the first obesity specific reference values of CRF in children enabling clinical evaluation in childhood obesity treatment. Cardiorespiratory fitness in children with obesity has declined the last decades, indicating that also within this vulnerable group physical activity has gone down.
The mechanics of myeloid cells
Authors: Bashant Kathleen R , Toepfner Nicole , Day Christopher J , Mehta Nehal N , Kaplan Mariana J , Summers Charlotte , Guck Jochen , Chilvers Edwin R 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe effects of cell size, shape and deformability on cellular function have long been a topic of interest. Recently, mechanical phenotyping technologies capable of analysing large numbers of cells in real time have become available. This has important implications for biology and medicine, especially haemato‐oncology and immunology, as immune cell mechanical phenotyping, immunologic function, and malignant cell transformation are closely linked and potentially exploitable to develop new diagnostics and therapeutics. In this review, we introduce the technologies used to analyse cellular mechanical properties and review emerging findings following the advent of high throughput deformability cytometry. We largely focus on cells from the myeloid lineage, which are derived from the bone marrow and include macrophages, granulocytes and erythrocytes. We highlight advances in mechanical phenotyping of cells in suspension that are revealing novel signatures of human blood diseases and providing new insights into pathogenesis of these diseases. The contributions of mechanical phenotyping of cells in suspension to our understanding of drug mechanisms, identification of novel therapeutics and monitoring of treatment efficacy particularly in instances of haematologic diseases are reviewed, and we suggest emerging topics of study to explore as high throughput deformability cytometers become prevalent in laboratories across the globe.
Extensive subpial cortical demyelination is specific to multiple sclerosis
Authors: Junker Andreas , Wozniak Jadwiga , Voigt David , Scheidt Uta , Antel Jack , Wegner Christiane , Brück Wolfgang , Stadelmann Christine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCortical demyelinated lesions are frequent and widespread in chronic multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and may contribute to disease progression. Inflammation and related oxidative stress have been proposed as central mediators of cortical damage, yet meningeal and cortical inflammation is not specific to MS, but also occurs in other diseases. The first aim of this study was to test whether cortical demyelination was specific for demyelinating CNS diseases compared to other CNS disorders with prominent meningeal and cortical inflammation. The second aim was to assess whether oxidative tissue damage was associated with the extent of neuroaxonal damage. We studied a large cohort of patients diagnosed with demyelinating CNS diseases and non‐demyelinating diseases of autoimmune, infectious, neoplastic or metabolic origin affecting the meninges and the cortex. Included were patients with MS, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), viral and bacterial meningoencephalitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), carcinomatous and lymphomatous meningitis and metabolic disorders such as extrapontine myelinolysis, thus encompassing a wide range of adaptive and innate cytokine signatures. Using myelin protein immunohistochemistry, we found cortical demyelination in MS, ADEM, PML and extrapontine myelinolysis, whereby each condition showed a disease‐specific histopathological pattern. Remarkably, extensive ribbon‐like subpial demyelination was only observed in MS, thus providing an important pathogenetic and diagnostic cue. Cortical oxidative injury was detected in both demyelinating and non‐demyelinating CNS disorders. Our data demonstrate that meningeal and cortical inflammation alone accompanied by oxidative stress are not sufficient to generate the extensive subpial cortical demyelination found in MS, but require other MS‐specific factors.
Bioengineered microenvironment to culture early embryos
Authors: Gu Zhen , Guo Jia , Wang Hongmei , Wen Yongqiang , Gu Qi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe abnormalities of early post‐implantation embryos can lead to early pregnancy loss and many other syndromes. However, it is hard to study embryos after implantation due to the limited accessibility. The success of embryo culture in vitro can avoid the challenges of embryonic development in vivo and provide a powerful research platform for research in developmental biology. The biophysical and chemical cues of the microenvironments impart significant spatiotemporal effects on embryonic development. Here, we summarize the main strategies which enable researchers to grow embryos outside of the body while overcoming the implantation barrier, highlight the roles of engineered microenvironments in regulating early embryonic development, and finally discuss the future challenges and new insights of early embryo culture.
The diagnosis value of endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial lung biopsy combined with rapid on‐site evaluation in peripheral lung cancer
Authors: Xu Chun Hua , Wang Ji Wang , Wang Wei , Yuan Qi , Wang Yu Chao , Chi Chuan Zhen , Zhang Qian , Zhang Xiu Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionRapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) has the potential to increase endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial lung biopsy with guide sheath (EBUS‐GS‐TBLB) accuracy in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer. However, studies have reported controversial results.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnosis value of EBUS‐GS‐TBLB combination with ROSE in peripheral lung cancer.MethodsA total of 138 patients undergoing EBUS‐GS‐TBLB and ultimately diagnosed with lung cancer were allocated into the ROSE group and non‐ROSE group. The result of the diagnostic yields, number of biopsy sites, the complication, cytopathological diagnostic cost and procedure times of EBUS‐GS‐TBLB with ROSE and without ROSE were compared.ResultsThe diagnostic yields of TBLB were 87.8% and 78.1% in ROSE group and non‐ROSE group, respectively (P < .05). The number of biopsy, procedure times and the percentage of the complication in ROSE group was significantly lower than in non‐ROSE group (P < .05, respectively). The cytopathological diagnostic cost of ROSE group was lower compared with non‐ROSE group (P < .05).ConclusionsEBUS‐GS‐TBLB combined with ROSE could be helpful to diagnose peripheral lung cancer, and could reduce the number of biopsy, procedure times, cytopathological diagnostic cost and complication.
Role of Elevated SFLT‐1 on the Regulation of Placental Transporters in Women With Pre‐Eclampsia
Authors: Kojovic Dea , V. Workewych Natalie , Piquette‐Miller Micheline 
Published: January 2020

Pre‐eclampsia (PE) is an obstetric complication associated with elevated levels of fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt‐1) and dysregulated trophoblast differentiation. However, limited information exists on the expression and regulation of placental drug transporters in PE. Transporter mRNA and protein expression were analyzed in human placentas diagnosed with PE (n = 34) and gestational age‐matched controls (n = 24), whereas placental BeWo cells were treated with angiogenic factors in vitro. Significant downregulation of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and several other transporters were seen in placentas complicated by PE compared with controls, whereas mRNA levels of sFlt‐1 were induced by 2.5‐fold in PE placentas (P < 0.01). Treatment of BeWo cells with sFlt‐1 resulted in an 85–90% downregulation of BCRP, which was attenuated by vascular endothelial growth factor. Our findings suggest that placental function is compromised during PE due to altered expression of clinically important transporters. Furthermore, our in vitro results show that sFlt‐1 is involved in the regulation of BCRP.
Probability and correlates of transition from cannabis use to DSM‐5 cannabis use disorder: Results from a large‐scale nationally representative study
Authors: Feingold Daniel , Livne Ofir , Rehm Jürgen , Lev‐Ran Shaul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsIt has been previously reported that more than 34% of individuals who use cannabis may qualify for a diagnosis of DSM‐IV cannabis abuse or dependence throughout their lifetime. The introduction of the DSM‐5 cannabis use disorder (CUD) diagnostic criteria reflects several intrinsic changes in the perception of substance use disorders. However, little is known about the probability of transition from cannabis use to CUD over time nor about the sociodemographic and clinical correlates associated with this transition.Design and MethodsParticipants were individuals ≥18 years interviewed in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions‐III in 2012–2013. Measurements included univariable and multivariable discrete‐time survival analyses performed to examine the association between previously reported cannabis dependence predictors and the hazards of transitioning from cannabis use to CUD. Survival plots assessed the probability of transition from cannabis use to CUD over time since age of first use and differences in probability between predictor levels.ResultsAmong lifetime cannabis users (N = 11 272), lifetime probability of transition to CUD was approximately 27%. A higher probability of transition from cannabis use to CUD was observed in the following: men, participants belonging to an ethnic minority group, early‐onset cannabis users and individuals who reported experiencing three or more childhood adverse events.Discussion and ConclusionsThis is the first study to explore transition from cannabis use to the DSM‐5 CUD diagnosis. The current study identified specific predictors of this transition, which may assist in targeting at‐risk populations.
Stroke transcranial Doppler in children with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Dlamini Nomazulu , Pohl Keith , Eley Brian , Van Toorn Ronald , Kilborn Tracy , Padayachee Soundrie , Pontigon Ann‐Marie , Kirkham Fenella J , Wilmshurst Jo 
Published: January 2020

AimsTo describe stroke syndromes and transcranial Doppler (TCD) findings in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and examine the associations between TCD and clinical and laboratory data.MethodWe enrolled 42 children (24 males, 18 females) with HIV (median age=7y 6mo; 2y 7mo–15y 6mo), with and without stroke who underwent a TCD examination of the anterior and posterior circulations to derive time‐averaged maximum mean velocity (TAMMV) measurements for comparison with previous studies. Clinical and laboratory variables were extracted from the medical records.ResultsOf the 42 children with HIV, five had right‐sided hemiparesis, three had chronic lung disease, two occurred post‐varicella infection, one after herpetic oral ulceration, and one had a poorly functioning left ventricle. Neuroimaging showed middle cerebral artery (MCA) TAMMV greater than 200cm/s, moyamoya‐like arteriopathy, left basal ganglia infarction with ipsilateral stenosis, hygroma consistent with venous thrombosis, and a hyperdense left MCA. Eight neurologically asymptomatic children had atypical TCD. The CD4 cell count was non‐significantly lower in 6 out of 30 children with atypical TCD (median=21.5; interquartile range=16.1–26.5) compared with the remainder (median=29; interquartile range=21.3–35.0; p=0.09).InterpretationA variety of stroke syndromes occur in children with HIV. TCD suggests atypical intracranial vessels and/or haemodynamics in some children with HIV infection, consistent with vasculopathy, possibly related directly to immunodeficiency and/or infection.What this paper adds

A range of stroke syndromes are found in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocities in HIV are commonly outside the range for typically developing children.

TCD and neuroimaging data in children with HIV suggest intracranial vasculopathy as one mechanism for stroke.

CD4 cell count is non‐significantly lower in children with HIV and atypical TCD.
Motivation: key to a healthy lifestyle in people with diabetes? Current and emerging knowledge and applications
Authors: Lakerveld J. , Palmeira A. L. , van Duinkerken E. , Whitelock V. , Peyrot M. , Nouwen A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimMotivation to take up and maintain a healthy lifestyle is key to diabetes prevention and management. Motivations are driven by factors on the psychological, biological and environmental levels, which have each been studied extensively in various lines of research over the past 25 years. Here, we analyse and reflect on current and emerging knowledge on motivation in relation to lifestyle behaviours, with a focus on people with diabetes or obesity. Structured according to psychological, (neuro‐)biological and broader environmental levels, we provide a scoping review of the literature and highlight frameworks used to structure motivational concepts. Results are then put in perspective of applicability in (clinical) practice.ResultsOver the past 25 years, research focusing on motivation has grown exponentially. Social–cognitive and self‐determination theories have driven research on the key motivational concepts ‘self‐efficacy’ and ‘self‐determination’. Neuro‐cognitive research has provided insights in the processes that are involved across various layers of a complex cortical network of motivation, reward and cognitive control. On an environmental – more upstream – level, motivations are influenced by characteristics in the built, social, economic and policy environments at various scales, which have provided entry points for environmental approaches influencing behaviour.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that motivation is strongly related to a person's self‐efficacy and capability to initiate and maintain healthy choices, and to a health climate that supports autonomous choices. Some approaches targeting motivations have been shown to be promising, but more research is warranted to sustainably reduce the burden of diabetes in individuals and populations.