bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ghrelin inhibits autonomic response to gastric distension in rats by acting on vagal pathway
Authors: Meleine Mathieu , Mounien Lourdes , Atmani Karim , Ouelaa Wassila , Bôle-Feysot Christine , Guérin Charlène , Depoortere Inge , Gourcerol Guillaume 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGhrelin is the only orexigenic peptide currently known and a potent prokinetic by promoting gastric motility but novel insights suggest that its role extends beyond satiety regulation. Whereas ghrelin was shown to provide somatic and colonic antinociception, its impact on gastric sensitivity is unknown even though stomach is a major ghrelin secreting tissue. Autonomic response to gastric mechanosensitivity was estimated by measuring blood pressure variation as a surrogate marker in response to gastric distension (GD) before and after ghrelin (or vehicle) administration. Involvement of spinal and vagal pathways in the ghrelin effect was studied by performing celiac ganglionectomy and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy respectively and by evaluating the expression of phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in dorsal root and nodose ganglia. Finally the phenotype of Ghrelin receptor expressing neurons within the nodose ganglia was determined by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. Ghrelin reduced blood pressure variation in response to GD except in vagotomized rats. Phosphorylated-ERK1/2 levels indicated that ghrelin reduced neuronal activation induced by GD in nodose ganglion. The effect of ghrelin on gastric mechanosensitivity was abolished by pre-treatment with antagonist [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (0.3 mg/kg i.v.). Immunofluorescence staining highlights the colocalization of Ghrelin receptor with ASIC3 and TRPV1 within gastric neurons of nodose ganglion. Ghrelin administration reduced autonomic response to gastric distension. This effect likely involved the Ghrelin receptor and vagal pathways.
Structure determination of the HgcAB complex using metagenome sequence data: insights into microbial mercury methylation
Authors: Cooper Connor J. , Zheng Kaiyuan , Rush Katherine W. , Johs Alexander , Sanders Brian C. , Pavlopoulos Georgios A. , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Podar Mircea , Ovchinnikov Sergey , Ragsdale Stephen W. , Parks Jerry M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBacteria and archaea possessing the hgcAB gene pair methylate inorganic mercury (Hg) to form highly toxic methylmercury. HgcA consists of a corrinoid binding domain and a transmembrane domain, and HgcB is a dicluster ferredoxin. However, their detailed structure and function have not been thoroughly characterized. We modeled the HgcAB complex by combining metagenome sequence data mining, coevolution analysis, and Rosetta structure calculations. In addition, we overexpressed HgcA and HgcB in Escherichia coli, confirmed spectroscopically that they bind cobalamin and [4Fe-4S] clusters, respectively, and incorporated these cofactors into the structural model. Surprisingly, the two domains of HgcA do not interact with each other, but HgcB forms extensive contacts with both domains. The model suggests that conserved cysteines in HgcB are involved in shuttling HgII, methylmercury, or both. These findings refine our understanding of the mechanism of Hg methylation and expand the known repertoire of corrinoid methyltransferases in nature.
Passivation and activation of La0.6Sr0.4FeO3 thin film electrodes
Authors: Tripković Đorđije , Küngas Rainer , Mogensen Mogens Bjerg , Hendriksen Peter Vang 
Published: June 2020

Thin La0.6Sr0.4FeO3 electrodes were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrical conductivity relaxation below 600 °C. A simple water treatment was used to recover the oxygen exchange activity of the aged electrodes.
New design of a linear double‐sided printed dipole array based on bat algorithm for interference suppression in the first sidelobe direction
Authors: Truong Luong Xuan , Vu‐Bang Giang Truong , Tuan Tran Minh 
Published: June 2020

This study proposes a design of a double‐sided printed dipole (DSPD) antenna array with a low first sidelobe level (FSLL) for interference suppression. The proposed array consists of ten DSPD antennas based on the Rogers RO4003C substrate (ɛr = 3.55). The FSLL has been compressed by imposing a single null at the centre of the first sidelobe. The excitation power distribution of the array has been calculated by using the bat algorithm with the amplitude‐only control technique and has been implemented by a series‐fed network. A back reflector, which is based on an FR4 substrate (ɛr = 4.4), has been used to improve the maximum gain. The simulation results show that the FSLL can be reduced with a null deep level (NDL) of −40 dB in the E‐plane at the frequency of 3.5 GHz, while the maximum gain of the array is around 17.7 dBi, and the bandwidth is 600 MHz (3.3–3.9 GHz) with −10 dB of S11. A prototype of the proposed DSPD antenna array has been fabricated and measured. A good agreement can be achieved between simulation and measurement results.
Comparative Study of the Effect of Macrolide Antibiotics
Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, and Azithromycin on the ERG1 Gene Expression in
H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Cells
Authors: Hajimirzaei Nima , Khalili Nazila Pour , Boroumand Behshad , Safari Fatemeh , Pourhosseini Armin , Judi-Chelan Reza , Tavakoli Fatemeh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMacrolides are clinically well-established class of antibiotics. Macrolides
induce cardiotoxicity by blocking ether-a-go-go–related gene
(ERG) potassium channels in cardiac myocytes. The aim of this study was to
compare the effects of erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin on cell
viability and expression of ERG1 gene in H9c2 cells. Cell viability and ERG1
gene expression of H9c2 cells in 3 different concentrations, 1, 10 and
25 µg/ml, after 48 and 72 h were determined by
MTT test and Real time-PCR method respectively. After 48 h, the growth
of H9c2 cells treated with erythromycin, clarithromycin and Azithromycin (except
two doses) were inhibited significantly compared to control group
(p<0.05). All three groups of antibiotics showed toxic effects on cells
after 72 h in all concentrations. Azithromycin-inhibiting effects were
significantly higher than two other groups after 72 h of treatment. The
expression of ERG1 gene increased in all three groups of antibiotics by
increasing the concentration and duration of treatment. Azithromycin had the
most pronounced effect on ERG1 expression in 48 and 72 h. This study
indicated that these macrolides affect ERG1 expression due to their potential
cardiac adverse effects. Further investigations are required to understand the
exact mechanism of cardiotoxicity associated with macrolides.
The Battle against COVID 19 Pandemic: What we Need to Know Before we
“Test Fire” Ivermectin
Authors: Banerjee Kushal , Nandy Manab , Dalai Chanchal Kumar , Ahmed Shah Newaz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe world is faced with the dire challenge of finding an effective treatment
against the rampaging COVID 19 pandemic. Amidst the crisis, reports of in
vitro inhibitory activity of ivermectin, an approved anthelmintic, against
the causative SARSCoV2 virus, have generated lot of optimism. In this
article, we have fished and compiled the needed information on the drug,
that will help readers and prospective investigators in having a quick
overview. Though the primordial biological action of the drug is allosteric
modulation of helminthic ion channel receptor, its in vitro activity against
both RNA and DNA viruses is known for almost a decade. In the past two
years, efficacy study in animal models of pseudorabies and zika virus was
found to be favourable and unfavourable respectively. Only one clinical
study evaluated the drug in dengue virus infection without any clinical
efficacy. However, the proposed mechanism of drug action, by inhibiting the
importin family of nucleus-cytoplasmic transporters along with favourable
pharmacokinetics, warrants exploration of its role in COVID 19 through
safely conducted clinical trials. Being an available and affordable drug,
enlisted in WHO List of Essential Medicine, and a long track record of
clinical safety, the drug is already in clinical trials the world over. As
the pandemic continues to ravage human civilisation with unabated intensity,
the world eagerly waits for a ray of hope emanating from the outcome of the
ongoing trials with ivermectin as well as other drugs.
Thermo-Mineral Baths in the First Half XIX Century: The Case of
Ludwig Van Beethoven
Authors: Berezutsky Vladimir , Berezutska Maryna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The great German composer Ludwig van Beethoven suffered almost
all his life from progressive deafness and diseases of the digestive system. The
state of his health strongly influenced his work. Balneotherapy is the only
aspect of Beethoven’s disease history that has not yet been thoroughly
studied. While water treatment in the first half of the XIX century was the most
important part of the therapeutic arsenal of doctors and was actively used in
the treatment of Beethoven.
Objectives To study the use of thermo-mineral baths in the treatment of
Ludwig van Beethoven in the first half of the XIX century.
Methods Scopus, WebOfScience, MedLine and PubMed databases, electronic
archives were searched without time restriction for information on the use of
thermo-mineral baths in European spa resorts in the first half of the
19th century. An analysis was also made of Beethoven’s
letters and the work of his most respected biographers in order to identify
information about thermal-mineral baths in his treatment.
Results Since 1796, Beethoven suffered chronic enterocolitis and
progressive hearing impairment, since 1820 portalcirrhosis of the liver.
Thermo-mineral baths were the main part of Beethovens treatment from 1799 until
his death in 1827.
Conclusions The Beethoven’s physicians appointed him a treatment
that corresponded to the advanced achievements of balneology of the first half
of the 19th century. The composer spent annually at spa resorts up to
6 months, water treatment became part of his life. Beethoven until the last days
of his life sincerely believed in the healing power of thermo-mineral baths.
Application of Modified Tailed Microcoil in Preoperative Localization of Small Pulmonary Nodules: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sun Saisai , Liu Kaichao , Gao Xiang , Ren Binhui , Sun Lei , Xu Lin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The localization of small pulmonary nodules (SPNs) during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is challenging thoracic surgeon, especially in patients with severe pleural adhesion or visceral pleura pigmentation due to low success rate and future conversion to thoracotomy. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety between modified microcoil and methylene blue in preoperative localization of small nodules, particularly patients with severe pleural adhesion or visceral pleura pigmentation.
Materials and Methods From January 2018 to February 2019 in our institute, 342 patients who underwent computed tomography-guided localization of SPN were recruited in this retrospective cohort study and divided into the modified microcoil group (n = 239) and the methylene blue group (n = 103) according to the localization method. Clinical characteristics and perioperative complications were collected to analyze.
Results All SPNs were successfully marked in both groups. Location-related complications, the duration of localization procedure, and the length of hospital stay were not different between the two groups. The operation time of modified microcoil and the duration of removal of nodule in operation were both shorter than the methylene blue (p = 0.014 and p = 0.047). The analysis stratified by gender showed that similar results were found in male patients (p = 0.01 and p = 0.00), while in female patients, no significant difference was found. Additionally, in senior patients (older than 60 years), the operation time in modified microcoil groups was less than methylene blue group (p = 0.024).
Conclusion Compared with methylene blue, modified microcoil achieved a shorter operation time of removal of nodule in VATS, especially for patients with pleural adhesion and the pigmentation of the lung surface as well as the male patients and the patients older than 60 years.
Redefining Second Stage of Labor: Number of Pushing Contractions
Authors: Bok Serin M. , Carmona Gabriela E. Pena , Crawford Jake , Eskander Ramy , Desai Mina , Ross Michael G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction Despite time standards for second stage labor, “delayed pushing,” uterine contraction frequency, and alternate contraction pushing may alter the effective maternal effort. We sought to quantify the number of pushing contractions needed for a spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) among primipara and multipara patients.
Methods Deliveries at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center in 2017 were selected for SVD of singleton, term newborns. The first 100 primipara and 100 multipara deliveries were analyzed and monitor tracings quantified for pushing contractions.
Results Significantly more pushing contractions were required by primiparas versus multiparas (17.3 ± 1.7 vs. 5.5 ± 0.7; p < 0.001) in accord with a longer second stage (86.7 ± 7.8 vs. 27.2 ± 4.9 min; p < 0.001) and epidural was associated with greater number of pushing contractions among both primipara (18.5 ± 1.8 vs. 10.8 ± 0.8) and multipara women (6.1 ± 0.8 vs. 4.1 ± 0.3). Newborn weight (<3000, 3000–3500, >3500 g) demonstrated a trend for increased pushing contractions among primipara (16.9, 16.5, 19.8 pushes, respectively) though not multiparas.
Conclusion Although correlated with the absolute duration of the second stage, the number of pushing contractions eliminates ambiguities of “delayed pushing,” pushing every-other, and frequency of contractions. Examination of larger databases and patients with second stage “arrest disorders” may provide pushing contraction criteria predictive of SVD and prevention of morbidity.
The Influence of Preeclampsia, Advanced Maternal Age and Maternal Obesity in Neonatal Outcomes Among Women with Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Nunes Joana Sousa , Ladeiras Rita , Machado Luísa , Coelho Diana , Duarte Carla , Furtado José Manuel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective The present study aims to analyze adverse fetal or neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes, including fetal death, preterm deliveries, birthweight, neonatal morbidity and mortality, as well as the synergic effect of concomitant pregnancy risk factors and poor obstetric outcomes, as advanced maternal age, maternal obesity and pre-eclampsia in their worsening.
Methods The present cohort retrospective study included all pregnant women with gestational diabetes, with surveillance and childbirth at the Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira during the years of 2017 and 2018. The data were collected from the medical electronic records registered in health informatic programs Sclinico and Obscare, and statistical simple and multivariate analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics.
Results The study participants included 301 pregnant women that contributed to 7.36% of the total institution childbirths of the same years, in a total of 300 live births. It was analyzed the influence of pre-eclampsia coexistence in neonatal morbidity (p = 0.004), in the occurrence of newborns of low and very low birthweight (p < 0.01) and in preterm deliveries (p < 0.01). The influence of maternal obesity (p = 0.270; p = 0.992; p = 0.684) and of advanced maternal age in these 3 outcomes was also analyzed (p = 0,806; p = 0.879; p = 0.985).Using a multivariate analysis, the only models with statistic significance to predict the three neonatal outcomes included only pre-eclampsia (p = 0.04; p < 0.01; p < 0.01).
Conclusion Only coexistence of pre-eclampsia showed an association with adverse neonatal outcomes (neonatal morbidity, newborns of low and very low birthweight and preterm deliveries) and can be used as a predictor of them in women with gestational diabetes.
Characterization of Placental Infection by Zika Virus in Humans: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Venceslau Emanuella Meneses , Guida José Paulo , Amaral Eliana , Modena José Luis Proença , Costa Maria Laura 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of the current review is to present a systematic evaluation of reported human placental findings in cases of zika virus (ZIKV) infection.
Data sources We reviewed the EMBASE, PUBMED, and SCIELO databases until June 2019, without language restrictions.
Selection of studies The search terms placenta AND zika virus were used. The inclusion criteria of the studies were studies that reported placental findings in humans. Experimental studies, reviews, notes or editorials were excluded. A total of 436 studies were retrieved; after duplicate exclusion, 243 articles had their titles screened, and 128 had their abstract read; of those, 32 were included in the final analysis (18 case reports, 10 case series, and 4 cohorts)
Data collection We collected data concerning the author, year of publication, study design, number of participants, number of placental samples, onset of symptoms, perinatal outcomes, and main findings on histological analysis.
Data synthesis The placental pathologic findings were described as mild and nonspecific, similar to those of other placental infections, including chronic placentitis, chronic villitis, increased Hofbauer cells, irregular fibrin deposits, increased mononuclear cells in the villus stroma, villous immaturity, edema, hypervascularization, stromal fibrosis, calcification, and focal necrosis of syncytiotrophoblasts.
Conclusion Zika infection presents unspecific placental findings, similar to other infections in the toxoplasmosis, other agents, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes (TORCH)group. Characterizing and standardizing placental findings after zika virus infection is key to understanding the mechanisms of congenital diseases.
Primary Dysmenorrhea: Assessment and Treatment
Authors: Guimarães Inês , Póvoa Ana Margarida 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrimary dysmenorrhea is defined as menstrual pain in the absence of pelvic disease. It is characterized by overproduction of prostaglandins by the endometrium, causing uterine hypercontractility that results in uterine muscle ischemia, hypoxia, and, subsequently, pain. It is the most common gynecological illness in women in their reproductive years and one of the most frequent causes of pelvic pain; however, it is underdiagnosed, undertreated, and even undervalued by women themselves, who accept it as part of the menstrual cycle. It has major implications for quality of life, such as limitation of daily activities and psychological stress, being one of the main causes of school and work absenteeism. Its diagnosis is essentially clinical, based on the clinical history and normal physical examination. It is important to exclude secondary causes of dysmenorrhea. The treatment may have different approaches (pharmacological, non-pharmacological and surgical), but the first line of treatment is the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and, in cases of women who want contraception, the use of hormonal contraceptives. Alternative treatments, such as topical heat, lifestyle modification, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, dietary supplements, acupuncture, and acupressure, may be an option in cases of conventional treatments' contraindication. Surgical treatment is only indicated in rare cases of women with severe dysmenorrhea refractory to treatment.
Cesarean-section Rates in Brazil from 2014 to 2016: Cross-sectional Analysis Using the Robson Classification
Authors: Knobel Roxana , Lopes Thiago Jose Pinheiro , Menezes Mariane de Oliveira , Andreucci Carla Betina , Gieburowski Juliana Toledo , Takemoto Maira Libertad Soligo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective To obtain cesarean-section (CS) rates according to the Robson Group Classification in five different regions of Brazil.
Methods A descriptive epidemiological study using data from secondary birth records from the Computer Science Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System (Datasus, in Portuguese) between January 1st, 2014, and December 31st, 2016, including all live births in Brazil.
Results The overall rate of CS was of 56%. The sample was divided into 11 groups, and vaginal births were more frequent in groups 1 (53.6%), 3 (80.0%) and 4 (55.1%). The highest CS rates were found in groups 5 (85.7%), 6 (89.5%), 7 (85.2%) and 9 (97.0%). The overall CS rate per region varied from 46.2% in the North to 62.1% in the Midwest. Group 5 was the largest obstetric population in the South, Southeast and Midwest, and group 3 was the largest in the North and Northeast. Group 5 contributed the most to the overall CS rate, accounting for 30.8% of CSs.
Conclusion Over half of the births in Brazil were cesarean sections. The Midwest had the highest CS rates, while the North had the lowest. The largest obstetric population in the North and in the Northeast was composed of women in group 3, while in the South, Southeast and Midwest it was group 5. Among all regions, the largest contribution to the overall CS rate was from group 5.
Use of GnRH Analogues in the Reduction of Submucous Fibroid for Surgical Hysteroscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Corrêa Thayane Delazari , Caetano Isabela Maciel , Saraiva Pedro Henrique Tannure , Noviello Maurício Bechara , Santos Filho Admário Silva 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-a) have been used preoperatively before hysteroscopic myomectomy to decrease the size and vascularization of the myomas, but evidence to support this practice is weak. Our objective was to analyze the use of GnRH-a in the reduction of submucous fibroid as a facilitator for surgical hysteroscopy from published clinical trials.
Data sources Studies from electronic databases (Pubmed, Scielo, EMBASE, Scopus, PROSPERO), published between 1980 and December 2018. The keywords used were fibroid, GnRH analogue, submucous, histeroscopy, histeroscopic resection and their correspondents in Portuguese.
Study selection The inclusion criteria were controlled trials that evaluated the GnRH-a treatment before hysteroscopic resection of submucous myomas. Four clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis.
Data collection Two review authors extracted the data without modification of the original data, using the agreed form. We resolved discrepancies through discussion or, if required, we consulted a third person.
Data synthesis The present meta-analysis included a total of 213 women and showed no statistically significant differences in the use of GnRH-a compared with the control group for complete resection of submucous myoma (relative risk [RR]: 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80–1.11); operative time (mean difference [MD]: - 3.81; 95%CI : - 3.81–2.13); fluid absorption (MD: - 65.90; 95%CI: - 9.75–2.13); or complications (RR 0.92; 95%CI: 0.18–4.82).
Conclusion The present review did not support the routine preoperative use of GnRH-a prior to hysteroscopic myomectomy. However, it is not possible to determine its inferiority when compared with the other methods due to the heterogeneity of existing studies and the small sample size.