bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological variation and the effect of fasting and halothane anesthesia on plasma glutathione S-transferase concentrations
Authors: Ray D C , Aldridge L M , Spens H J , Drummond G B , Howie A F , Beckett G J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Using a specific RIA, we have investigated in patients and volunteers whether fasting, diminished hepatic clearance, hemoconcentration, or within-day biological variation might be responsible for the transient increases in plasma glutathione S-transferase (GST) concentration observed after anesthesia. GST concentration was measured in 44 healthy volunteers after an overnight fast and at 3, 6, and 24 h after the fasting sample. The concentration was significantly lower at 3 and 6 h after than in the fasting sample (P = 0.0019 and P = 0.015, respectively). The change in GST concentration caused by fasting was examined in 30 subjects by comparing pre- and postfasting values. Fasting had no significant effect on GST concentration overall (P = 0.4721), but two individuals showed a marked increase in GST concentration after fasting overnight. In a separate study of 10 patients, plasma amylase activity and plasma concentrations of GST and albumin were measured immediately before and 3 h after induction of halothane anesthesia. Although GST concentration was increased at 3 h in each of the 10 patients, plasma amylase activity and plasma albumin concentration were significantly decreased in all patients (P = 0.002). Apparently, increases in GST concentration after anesthesia do not result from incidental factors.
Detection of BCR-ABL transcripts from the Philadelphia translocation by hybridization in microtiter wells and time-resolved immunofluorometry
Authors: Bortolin S , Christopoulos T K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Two hybridization assays have been developed to detect BCR-ABL mRNA transcripts arising from the Philadelphia translocation. Both assays use time-resolved immunofluorometric detection of polymerase chain reaction-amplified BCR-ABL mRNA sequences hybridized to specific probes. In configuration I, biotinylated amplified target is immobilized onto streptavidin-coated wells and hybridized to a probe labeled with the hapten digoxigenin. Hybrids are detected via an alkaline phosphatase-labeled antibody and fluorosalicylylphosphate as substrate. The fluorosalicylate produced forms highly fluorescent complexes with Tb(3+)-EDTA. In configuration II, biotinylated probe is immobilized onto streptavidin-coated wells. PCR, performed in the presence of hapten-labeled deoxyribonucleotide, generates labeled product, which is hybridized to immobilized probe and quantified as above. BCR-ABL transcripts from one leukemic cell amidst mRNA from 500,000 normal granulocytes are detectable with signal/background ratios as high as 36.4 and 24.6 for configurations I and II, respectively. The respective CVs for the assays were 6.6-9.0% and 5.1-12.5%.
Advances in genosensor research
Authors: Beattie K L , Beattie W G , Meng L , Turner S L , Coral-Vazquez R , Smith D D , McIntyre P M , Dao D D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Microfabricated devices containing arrays of nucleic acid hybridization sites, known as genosensors, are being developed for a variety of uses in genomic analysis. A great deal of the overall genosensor development effort involves optimization of experimental conditions in the actual use of genosensors. Here we describe a "low-tech" form of genosensor technology, involving arrays of oligonucleotides on glass microscope slides, which can be used to define optimal operating conditions and to develop applications of hybridization arrays in genome mapping and sequencing. In addition, we describe a porous silicon genosensor, which can be operated in a flowthrough mode, and discuss its advantages over current flat-surface designs. Porous silicon genosensors containing arrays of DNA fragments offer several unique capabilities in genome analysis.
Quantification of orotic acid in dried filter-paper urine samples by stable isotope dilution
Authors: McCann M T , Thompson M M , Gueron I C , Tuchman M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, and specific method for quantification of orotic acid from dried filter-paper urine samples is described. The method involves stable isotope dilution with 1,3-[15N2]orotic acid analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The assay is sufficiently sensitive to be used with solvent extraction techniques commonly used for urinary organic acid analysis. Extraction efficiencies of both native and isotopic orotic acid from dried filter paper and from water were 31% and 28%, respectively. The concentration of orotic acid in dried filter-paper urine specimens from 50 healthy controls was 1.1 +/- 0.67 (mean +/- SD) mmol/mol of urinary creatinine. The same 50 urine samples, analyzed directly from a 5-mL aliquot of liquid urine, gave values of 0.93 +/- 0.51. The correlation coefficient between the results obtained by the two different collection methods was 0.87. Age-related reference values in filter-paper samples are also reported. The concentrations, which are normalized to urinary creatinine, decrease with age. This method is applicable to rapid screening for urea cycle disorders and may also be used for carrier testing of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.
A Step Forward in Enzymatic Measurement of Creatinine
Authors: Fossati Piero , Ponti Maurmo , Passoni Gianfranco , Tarenghi Giordano , d'Eril Gian Vico Meizi , Prencipe Lorenzo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the article by Fossati et al. entitled "A step forward in enzymatic measurement of creatinine," 1994;40:130-7, suppliers of sera were mistakenly identified. Sera were supplied by the German Society of Clinical Chemistry. Creatinine concentrations were determined by isotope dilution-gas chromatographymass spectrometry in three laboratories (D. Stöckl, INSTAND e. V., Düsseldorf; L. Siekmann, Institut für Klinische Biochemie, Bonn; A. De Leenheer/L. M. Thienpont, Universiteit Gent, Fac. Farmac. Wetenschappen, Gent), participants in the interlaboratory comparison exercise "Creatinine in Serum" (EC M+T project 376).
In the article by Taneda and Monnier entitled "ELISA of pentosidine, an advanced glycation end product, in biological specimens," 1994;40:1766-73, line 20 of the abstract should state "2630 ± 1320 nmol/L, respectively"; on page 1770, column 1, line 17, the units should have been expressed as nmol/L, not µmol/L. The units of pentosidine in Figures 8-10 contain errors. Figure 8 should state: Pentosidine by HPLC (nmol/L plasma), not (µmol/L plasma). Figure 9 should state: Pentosidine (nmol/L plasma), not (µmol/L plasma). Figure 10 should state: Pentosidine (nmol/g collagen), not µmol/g collagen).
In the review by Kroll and Elin entitled "Interference with clinical laboratory analyses," 1994;40:1996-2005, the theophylline reagents used for the Hitachi 717 were obtained from GDS Diagnostics, Elkhart, IN. On page 1998, column 1, line 32, reference 32 was incorrectly cited; the correct reference is 37. On page 1998, column 2, line 17, reference 37 is listed in error.
Establishing a direct laboratory access program
Authors: Soloway H B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Direct Laboratory Access (DLA) refers to a program whereby individuals who wish to have laboratory testing performed can avail themselves of such testing independently of a physician referral. DLA benefits both physicians and consumers. Physicians benefit by not having to invest time and office resources for consumers who do not seek medical intervention but rather who visit physicians for the sole purpose of obtaining permission to have laboratory tests performed. Consumers benefit by avoiding physician encounters they do not want, by receiving state-of-the-art laboratory testing they do want, and by avoiding the added expense and inconvenience of a physician office visit. DLA appeals to an anxious, educated, and somewhat affluent niche market. The program fills a void in the provision of health services while providing a small stream of revenue for laboratories.
In vivo stability and disposition of a self-stabilized oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioate in rats
Authors: Zhang R , Lu Z , Zhang X , Zhao H , Diasio R B , Liu T , Jiang Z , Agrawal S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The use of antisense oligonucleotides represents a novel, genetically based therapy. The biostability and pharmacokinetics of a 33-mer self-stabilized oligodeoxynucleotide with significant anti-HIV activity was determined in rats after intravenous administration of [35S]oligodeoxynucleotide. Plasma disappearance of the labeled oligodeoxynucleotide could be described by a two-compartment model, with half-lives of 0.54 and 41.44 h. The oligodeoxynucleotide in plasma remained mainly intact. Urinary excretion represented the major elimination pathway, with approximately 27% of the administered dose excreted within 24 h and 57% over 240 h. The majority of radioactivity in urine was attached to degradative products. Fecal excretion was a minor elimination pathway. A wide tissue distribution of the oligonucleotide was observed, with the majority of radioactivity in most tissues being intact. Compared with other linear oligonucleotide phosphorothioates, the self-stabilized oligonucleotide was more stable in vivo, which may be important in development of antisense oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents.
Creatine kinase MM and MB isoforms in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy and acute angiography. TAMI Study Group
Authors: Christenson R H , Ohman E M , Topol E J , O'Hanesian M A , Sigmon K N , Duh S H , Kereiakes D , Worley S J , George B S , Pizzo C K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Creatine kinase isoforms markers, including MB2 concentration, MB2/MB1 and MM3/MM1 ratios, and MT index (based on the "tissue" M subunits), were measured in serial specimens from 207 patients receiving thrombolytic therapy followed by acute angiography. The slope of release showed a significant relation (P &lt; 0.05) between MB2 concentrations and patency, graded as TIMI 0 through TIMI 3; with regard to the precatheterization/baseline ratio, the MB2 concentrations, the MM3/MM1 ratio, and the MT index were all significantly related to graded patency (P &lt; 0.004). Patients having patency graded as either TIMI 2/3 (Open) or TIMI 0/1 (Closed) showed highly significant differences (P &lt; 0.03) in the slope of release and precatheterization/baseline ratio for all markers except the MB2/MB1 ratio. Defining Open as TIMI 3 and Closed as TIMI 0/1/2 showed very similar results. Despite these significant differences between the Open and Closed groups after thrombolytic therapy, none of the C index calculations (areas under ROC curves) for any of the isoform markers--either alone or combined--exceeded 0.70, suggesting that these markers have limited diagnostic utility for assessing patency.
Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and false-positive results for alcohol abuse in primary biliary cirrhosis: differential diagnosis by detection of mitochondrial autoantibodies
Authors: Bean P , Sutphin M S , Liu Y , Anton R , Reynolds T B , Shoenfeld Y , Peter J B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is one of the few nonalcohol-induced liver pathologies that causes false positives in assays of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) for diagnosing alcohol abuse. CDT was quantified by isoelectric focusing-immunoblotting-laser densitometry (IEF-IB-LD) analysis of serum from 117 women: 57 PBC patients, 20 alcohol abusers, and 40 healthy donors. Only 5% (3 of 57) of PBC patients were positive at the densitometric cutoff value chosen (&gt; 90% specificity). Serum samples from 15 PBC patients were further evaluated by IEF-IB-LD and CDTect chromatography-RIA. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that IEF-IB-LD better discriminated between PBC and alcohol abuse than CDTect did. By ROC analysis, mitochondrial autoantibodies to pyruvate dehydrogenase antigen M2 detected by enzyme immunoassay yielded optimal test performance for diagnosing PBC. Of six patients falsely positive for CDT by CDTect, five (83%) tested M2-positive. Thus, abnormal CDT results should be further evaluated by mitochondrial antibody testing in patients with findings compatible with PBC.
Development and use of ELISA to quantify type II phospholipase A2 in normal and uremic serum
Authors: Dorsam G , Harris L , Payne M , Fry M , Franson R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Previously we reported that uremic plasma contained eight times more phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity than control plasma (Costello et al., Clin Chem 1990;36:198-200). That study, however, did not distinguish between various PLA2s that could contribute to the observed increase. Therefore, we developed a sandwich ELISA to specifically quantify serum type II PLA2. By ELISA, uremic sera contained significantly more type II PLA2 than control sera (median = 1025 micrograms/L, range = 52-3320 micrograms/L vs median = 9.2 micrograms/L, range = 4.6-17.5 micrograms/L; P = 0.002). When serum samples were incubated with 1-[14C]oleate-labeled autoclaved Escherichia coli, activity was increased 14.6-fold in uremic vs normal serum, with a median of 6.5 mumol/min per liter (range 1.1-16.3) vs a control median of 0.49 mumol/min per liter (range 0.32-0.60; P = 0.002). Thus, ELISA detects about eightfold more immunoreactive type II PLA2 in uremic serum than does enzymatic analysis. Evidently, the increase in PLA2 activity previously observed in uremic plasma is primarily due to increased concentrations of type II PLA2.
Multienzyme control serum (Seraclear-HE) containing human enzymes from established cell lines and other sources. 1: Preparation and properties
Authors: Eto A , Shiki A , Chikaura Y , Oka T , Nakano N I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We have developed a new multienzyme control serum, Seraclear-HE, which was designed to function not only as an accuracy and precision control serum but also as an intermethod calibrator for unifying interlaboratory clinical enzyme data in terms of reference method values. Seraclear-HE contains as analytes the following enzymes of human origin only: aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC 1.1.1.27) from erythrocytes; alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2) from a hepatoma cell line; alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) from an amnion cell line; creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) from an embryo kidney cell line; gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) from a macrophage cell line; and amylase (AMY, EC 3.2.1.1) from urine and saliva. The seven partly purified enzymes were lyophilized in partially delipidated human serum containing sucrose (50 g/L), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (30 mmol/L), and other stabilizers. The material is stable for at least 2 years at temperatures &lt; or = 10 degrees C. For two concentrations of this preparation, reference method values (mainly International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry) obtained at both 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C are assigned.
Current status of US programs for training clinical laboratory scientists and anticipated impact of healthcare reform
Authors: Scott M G , Sacks D B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We surveyed directors of medical technology (MT) and postdoctoral clinical chemistry (CC) training programs and of clinical pathology (CP) and combined anatomic/clinical pathology (AP/CP) residency programs regarding the number, quality, training emphasis, and job-placement experience of trainees for 1985-95 as well as the directors' opinions on the impact of "healthcare reform." Responses were received from directors of 94 of 249 (38%) MT programs, 14 of 15 (93%) CC programs, and 63 of 138 (46%) pathology residency programs. In all four categories the numbers of trainees have increased steadily over the last 5 to 7 years but are expected to remain stable or decrease slightly. Directors of MT and CC programs expect increasing difficulty placing their graduates; directors of AP/CP and CP residency programs do not. Although &gt; 60% of MT graduates have entered private hospitals, this is anticipated to decrease, with a concomitant increase in university hospital placements. Of the AP/CP residents, &gt; 60% and &lt; 5% accepted service- and research-oriented positions, respectively. In contrast, 83% of CP residents entered university hospitals, with half of these taking research-oriented positions. Among CC graduates, 41% joined university hospitals and 10-15% accepted positions in each of either private hospitals or industry or reference laboratories. The emphasis of training varies, with clinical service and pathophysiology the major focus in AP/CP programs. CP and CC programs take two distinct approaches--some accentuating management, and others emphasizing research. Finally, MT program directors appear the most optimistic regarding the opportunities that healthcare reform may present.
Clinical and analytical evaluation of an immunoradiometric assay for corticotropin
Authors: Rosano T G , Demers L M , Hillam R , Dybas M T , Leinung M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We evaluated a new IRMA developed commercially for the measurement of corticotropin (ACTH) in human plasma. The assay involves purified polyclonal goat capture antibodies specific for ACTH 26-39 and an 125I-labeled monoclonal signal antibody specific for ACTH 1-17. CVs for intraassay and total precision at ACTH concentrations between 9 and 801 ng/L ranged from 2.5% to 4.7% and from 3.3% to 9.3%, respectively, with an assay detection limit of 1.7 ng/L. The reference interval determined for adults with the new method (16-52 ng/L) differed significantly (P &lt; 0.05) from that for an established ACTH IRMA (9-54 ng/L). Method comparison with clinical samples (n = 179) revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.970 and a best-fit equation of y (new IRMA) = (1.011 +/- 0.019)x + (4.17 +/- 3.31) with Sylx = 40.2. Both methods showed equivalent clinical sensitivity in evaluating Cushing disease, adrenal tumors, ectopic ACTH-producing tumors, hypopituitarism, steroid suppression, surgical adrenalectomy, Nelson syndrome, Addison disease, and corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation. We conclude that the new IRMA is technically simple to perform and provides a specific and sensitive method for evaluating of adrenocortical function.
Immunoenzymometric assay of human glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB in diagnosis of ischemic myocardial injury
Authors: Rabitzsch G , Mair J , Lechleitner P , Noll F , Hofmann U , Krause E G , Dienstl F , Puschendorf B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With a new immunoenzymometric assay we measured human glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB) in 116 healthy individuals, 14 patients with stable angina, 107 nontraumatic chest pain patients on admission to the emergency department [45 acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 49 unstable angina, 13 other diseases], and in serial samples from 41 AMI patients. GPBB was compared with creatine kinase (CK), CKMB mass, myoglobin, and cardiac troponin T. Receiver-operating characteristic plots demonstrated the significantly greater (P &lt; or = 0.012) discriminatory power of GPBB to detect acute ischemic coronary syndromes compared with all other tested markers. GPBB was the most sensitive marker for detection of AMI during the first 4 h after onset of chest pain, and only GPBB was increased above the upper reference limit (7 micrograms/L) on admission in patients who had unstable angina at rest and reversible ST-T alterations. This and the high early sensitivity of GPBB are most likely explained by its function as a key enzyme of glycogenolysis.
New noncompetitive immunoassays of small analytes
Authors: Piran U , Riordan W J , Livshin L A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We developed a novel noncompetitive immunoassay format for monoepitopic analytes and describe here a model assay for triiodothyronine (T3), performed on Ciba Corning's ACS:180 analyzer. Acridinium ester (AE)-labeled bivalent anti-T3 was incubated with the sample, producing AE-anti-T3/T3 complexes and unreacted AE-anti-T3. Controlled-pore glass particles (CPG) with immobilized diiodothyronine (T2) were then added in excess, to bind AE-anti-T3 possessing two unoccupied binding sites but not AE-anti-T3 bound to one or two T3 molecules. Paramagnetic particles (PMP) with immobilized anti-AE were then added to the same cuvette to capture AE-anti-T3/T3 complexes; AE-anti-T3 bound to the surface of CPG, however, was not captured, because of steric hindrance. After the incubation, the PMP was magnetically separated to remove the liquid phase and the suspended CPG from the cuvette. The chemiluminescence associate with the PMP remaining in the cuvette was then measured. This noncompetitive T3 assay exhibited a 10-fold lower detection limit than the equivalent competitive T3 assay, i.e., 0.3 vs pg/test. Imprecision (CV) in the clinically significant range was 6% or less. The assay also displayed two- to sevenfold lower cross-reactivities and a wider dynamic range.
Dual-label one-step immunoassay for simultaneous measurement of free and total prostate-specific antigen concentrations and ratios in serum
Authors: Mitrunen K , Pettersson K , Piironen T , Björk T , Lilja H , Lövgren T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We developed a simple one-step dual-label immunoassay for simultaneous measurement of the free, noncomplexed form of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and total PSA. The assay is based on time-resolved fluorescence and includes a stable fluorescent chelate of Eu to label a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that detects only free PSA, whereas a second mAb labeled with a fluorescent chelate of Tb provides equimolar detection of both free PSA and PSA complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. A third mAb on a solid phase captures the free and complexed forms of PSA in an equimolar fashion. The simultaneous measurement of the free-to-total PSA ratio (F/T) with the one-step dual assay is not sensitive to variations in the sample volume. The discrimination between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer patients, i.e., the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, increased from 0.64 (total PSA assay) to 0.78 and 0.81 when the F/T ratio was measured with single and dual assays, respectively.
Immunometric assays of luteinizing hormone (LH): differences in recognition of plasma LH by anti-intact and beta-subunit-specific antibodies in various physiological and pathophysiological situations
Authors: Mitchell R , Hollis S , Crowley V , McLoughlin J , Peers N , Robertson W R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Restricted immunoreactivity of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) has been described in some subjects when assayed with certain methods involving antibodies against intact LH. We have compared the performance of the Amerlite LH-30 (A) and Delfia LHSpec (D) assays (which include anti-intact and beta-specific antibodies, respectively) in normal and pathological conditions. As shown previously, results of the two systems were highly correlated with each other and, as we show here, with those of a bioassay. We found eight outliers (results outside the 95% confidence interval of the regression) among 427 samples studied from 121 subjects. Of the outliers, five had Delfia results in a range (&lt; 1 IU/L) that was associated with poor assay precision for that assay, and the ratios of their values by both methods (A:D ratios) were very low. This ratio was affected by endocrine status, e.g., was lower in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal controls, and varied intraindividually within the same menstrual cycle. The restricted immunoreactivity described previously for assays involving anti-intact LH antibodies may, in part, reflect these differences, which, in turn, may reflect the presence of isoforms (e.g., glycoforms) that are differentially recognized by assays that have different antibody configurations.