bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Striatal Dopamine D2 Receptor Occupancy Induced by Daily Application of Blonanserin Transdermal Patches: Phase II Study in Japanese Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Nishibe Hironori , Tateno Amane , Sakayori Takeshi , Yamamoto Masahiro , Kim WooChan , Kakuyama Hiroyoshi , Okubo Yoshiro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Transdermal antipsychotic patch formulations offer potential benefits, including improved adherence. This study investigated the striatal dopamine D2 receptor occupancy with daily blonanserin transdermal patch application.

Methods
This open-label, phase II study enrolled 18 Japanese outpatients (20 to &lt;65 years) with schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR criteria; total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score &lt;120 at screening) treated with blonanserin 8-mg or 16-mg tablets. Patients continued tablets for 2–4 weeks at their current dose and were then assigned to once-daily blonanserin patches (10/20/40/60/80 mg daily) for 2–4 weeks based on the oral dose. [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography scanning determined blonanserin striatal dopamine D2 receptor occupancy (primary endpoint). Secondary endpoints included assessment of receptor occupancy by dose, changes in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness-Severity scores, patient attitudes towards adherence, and patch adhesiveness.

Results
Of 18 patients who started the blonanserin tablet treatment period, 14 patients completed treatment. Mean D2 receptor occupancy for blonanserin tablets 8 mg/d (59.2%, n = 5) and 16 mg/d (66.3%, n = 9) was within the values for blonanserin patches: 10 mg/d (33.3%, n = 3), 20 mg/d (29.9%, n = 2), 40 mg/d (61.2%, n = 3), 60 mg/d (59.0%, n = 3), and 80 mg/d (69.9%, n = 3). Occupancy generally increased with increasing blonanserin dose for both formulations with the half maximal receptor occupancy for tablets and patches associated with doses of 6.9 mg/d and 31.9 mg/d, respectively. Diurnal variability in occupancy was lower during transdermal patch treatment than during tablet treatment. Blonanserin transdermal patches were well tolerated with no major safety concerns.

Conclusions
Blonanserin patches (40/80 mg/d) have lower diurnal variability in occupancy than blonanserin tablets (8/16 mg/d), and patches at doses of 40 mg/d and 80 mg/d appear to be a suitable alternative for blonanserin tablets at doses of 8 mg/d and 16 mg/d, respectively. Blonanserin patches represent a potential new treatment option for patients with schizophrenia.

Trial registry
JAPIC Clinical Trials Information registry (www.clinicaltrials.jp; JapicCTI-No: JapicCTI-121914).
𝒲-Algebras Associated With Centralizers in Type A
Authors: Molev A I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We introduce a new family of affine $\mathcal{W}$-algebras $\mathcal{W}^{k}(\mathfrak{a})$ associated with the centralizers of arbitrary nilpotent elements in $\mathfrak{gl}_N$. We define them by using a version of the BRST (Becchi, Rouet, Stora and Tyutin) complex of the quantum Drinfeld–Sokolov reduction. A family of free generators of $\mathcal{W}^{k}(\mathfrak{a})$ is produced in an explicit form. We also give an analogue of the Fateev–Lukyanov realization for the new $\mathcal{W}$-algebras by applying a Miura-type map.
Effect of referral systems on costs and outcomes after hip fracture surgery in Taiwan
Authors: Chiou Bo-Lin , Chen Yu-Fu , Chen Hong-Yaw , Chen Cheng-Yen , Yeh Shu-Chuan Jennifer , Shi Hon-Yi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
To explore the economic burdens of hip fracture surgery in patients referred to lower-level medical institutions and to evaluate how referral systems affect costs and outcomes of hip fracture surgery.

Design
A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study.

Setting
All hospitals in Taiwan.

Participants
A total of 7500 patients who had received hip fracture surgery (International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnostic codes 820.0 ∼ 820.9 and procedure codes 79.15, 79.35, 81.52, 81.53) performed in 1997 to 2013.

Main outcome measures
Total costs including outpatient costs, inpatient costs and total medical costs and medical outcomes including 30-day readmission, 90-day readmission, infection, dislocation, revision and mortality.

Results
The patients were referred to a lower medical institution after hip fracture surgery (downward referral group) and 3034 patients continued treatment at the same medical institution (non-referral group). Demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics and institutional characteristics were significantly associated with postoperative costs and outcomes (P &lt; 0.05). On average, the annual healthcare cost was New Taiwan Dollars (NT$)2262 per patient lower in the downward referral group compared with the non-referral group. The annual economic burdens of the downward referral group approximated NT$241 million (2019 exchange rate, NT$30.5 = US$1).

Conclusions
Postoperative costs and outcomes of hip fracture surgery are related not only to demographic and clinical characteristics, but also to institutional characteristics. The advantages of downward referral after hip fracture surgery can save huge medical costs and provide a useful reference for healthcare authorities when drafting policies for the referral system.
Status Matters in World Politics
Authors: Götz Elias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article explores the burgeoning literature on status in world politics. Toward that end, it reviews three recently published books. The three books are representative of the different theoretical perspectives that have come to dominate status research in international relations. Renshon's Fighting for Status offers a rationalist–instrumental approach; Larson and Shevchenko's Quest for Status draws on insights from social identity theory; and Murray's The Struggle for Recognition is informed by constructivist theory. The article contrasts and compares the three works. Moreover, it identifies shortcomings and limitations in each book and, based on this discussion, suggests areas for further research. In particular, it is argued that scholars should devote more attention to competitive theory testing through process tracing; incorporate domestic politics more systematically into approaches of status seeking; develop case-specific explanations that fuse insights from the various perspectives; and examine how the interplay of material and ideational factors shapes states’ status aspirations.
Performance of Genetically Modified Soybean Expressing the Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac Proteins Against Key Lepidopteran Pests in Brazil
Authors: Bacalhau Fabiana B , Dourado Patrick M , Horikoshi Renato J , Carvalho Renato A , Semeão Altair , Martinelli Samuel , Berger Geraldo U , Head Graham P , Salvadori José R , Bernardi Oderlei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The pyramided genetically modified (GM) soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788, expressing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, was approved for commercial use in Brazil. We conducted laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies to assess the efficacy of this Bt soybean against key soybean lepidopteran pests. Neonates of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were exposed to Bt proteins in diet-overlay bioassays. MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788 soybean and individual components were evaluated in laboratory (leaf disc), greenhouse (high artificial infestations), and in field conditions (natural infestations). Neonates of A. gemmatalis, C. includens, and H. armigera were highly susceptible to Cry1A.105 (LC50 from 0.79 to 48.22 ng/cm2), Cry2Ab2 (LC50 from 1.24 to 8.36 ng/cm2), and Cry1Ac (LC50 from 0.15 to 5.07 ng/cm2) in diet-overlay bioassays. In laboratory leaf disc bioassays and greenhouse trials, MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788 soybean as well as the individual components were highly effective in controlling A. gemmatalis, C. includens, and H. armigera. Similarly, under field conditions, the pyramided genotypes expressing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac were highly effective at protecting soybean against C. includens. We concluded that the individual Bt proteins expressed by GM soybean MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788 killed all or nearly all the susceptible A. gemmatalis, C. includens, and H. armigera, fulfilling one important criterion for successfully delaying resistance to pyramided Bt crops.
Early Chronic Intermittent Maternal Hyperoxygenation Impairs Cortical Development by Inhibition of Pax6-Positive Apical Progenitor Cell Proliferation
Authors: Markert Franz , Müller Luisa , Badstübner-Meeske Kathrin , Storch Alexander 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Maternal hyperoxygenation is a feasible, noninvasive method to treat fetal diseases, such as heart hypoplasia, but effects of maternal hyperoxygenation on the developing brain remain poorly understood. Previous studies showed that short-term maternal hyperoxygenation during midneurogenic phase (E14–E16) but not in earlier development (E10–E12) increases oxygen tension and enhances neurogenesis in the developing mouse cortex. We investigated effects of early chronic maternal hyperoxygenation (CMH) as a potential clinical treatment. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were housed in a chamber at 75% atmospheric oxygen and the brains of E16 fetuses were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The mitosis marker phH3 showed a significant reduction of proliferation in the dorsolateral cortices of CMH-treated E16 fetuses. Numbers of Tbr2-positive intermediate progenitor cells were unaffected whereas numbers of Pax6-positive apical progenitor cells were significantly reduced in CMH-treated mice. This resulted in altered cortical plate development with fewer Satb2-positive upper layer neurons but more Tbr1-positive neurons corresponding to the deeper layer 6. Thus, maternal hyperoxygenation affects the developing cortex depending on timing and length of applied oxygen. Early CMH causes a severe reduction of neuroprogenitor proliferation likely affecting cortical development. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms underlying these findings and to assess the clinical and neurodevelopmental outcomes of the pups.
Celebrating YourCircle of Life: Eudaimonic Responses to Nostalgic Entertainment Experiences
Authors: Watts Judy , Bonus James , Wing Hannah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStudies of eudaimonic entertainment experiences have primarily examined the effects of exposure to serious content (e.g., tragic movies) rather than lighthearted content that nonetheless harbors personal significance (e.g., beloved movies from childhood). Two experiments investigated the characteristics of these so-called nostalgic entertainment experiences among U.S. adults, using Star Wars movies in Study 1 (N = 1,127) and animated Disney movies in Study 2 (N = 945). Results indicate that exposure to nostalgic content elicits more appreciation than comparable content released recently (i.e., sequels and remakes), and the same level of appreciation as exposure to scenes of self-sacrifice. However, exposure to nostalgic content produces self-affirmation, whereas exposure to scenes of self-sacrifice produces self-transcendence. These findings underscore the limitations of existing two-factor models of entertainment, and modifications are proposed.
Water use strategy of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus community in a drought year on the Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Zhu Ya-Juan , Wang Guo-Jie , Xin Zhi-Ming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
In desert ecosystems, water is a restricting factor for plant growth and vegetation dynamics. The relatively stable water source from deep soil profile or groundwater is important for plant survival during drought. Understanding water use strategy of endangered species, in desert ecosystem is essential for their conservation and restoration such as Ammopiptanthus mongolicus on the Mongolian Plateau.

Methods
The stable isotope method of δD and δ 18O was used to examine the main water sources of A. mongolicus and two companion shrubs, e.g. Artemisia ordosica and Artemisia xerophytica. The contribution of different water sources to each species was calculated by IsoSource model. Leaf δ 13C was used to compare long-term water use efficiency of three shrubs. Soil moisture and root distribution of three shrubs was measured to explain plant water use strategy.

Important Findings
The results showed that A. mongolicus relied on groundwater and 150–200 cm deep soil water, with the former contributing to almost half of its total water source. Artemisia ordosica mainly used 150–200 cm deep soil water, but also used shallow soil water within 100 cm in summer and autumn. Artemisia xerophytica mainly used 150–200 cm deep soil water and groundwater, with the latter contributing to about 30%–60% of its total water source. The three shrubs had dimorphic or deep root systems, which are in accord with their water sources. The WUE in the evergreen shrub A. mongolicus was higher than in two deciduous Artemisia shrubs, which may be an adaptive advantage in desert ecosystem. Therefore, groundwater is an important water source for the endangered shrub A. mongolicus in a drought year on Mongolian Plateau. Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and two Artemisia shrubs competed for deep soil water and groundwater.
The Alcock Paczynski test with voids in 21 cm intensity field
Authors: Endo Takao , Tashiro Hiroyuki , Nishizawa Atsushi J 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Feasibility of the Alcock Paczynski (AP) test by stacking voids in the 21 cm line intensity field is presented. We analyse the IllustrisTNG simulation to obtain the 21 cm signal map. We then randomly distribute particles depending on the 21 cm intensity field to find voids by using publicly available code, VIDE. As in the galaxy clustering, the shape of the stacked void in the 21 cm field is squashed along the line of sight due to the peculiar velocities in redshift space, although it becomes spherical in real space. The redshift-space distortion for the stacked void weakly depends on redshift and we show that the dependency can be well described by the linear prediction, with the amplitude of the offset being free parameters. We find that the AP test using the stacked voids in a 21 cm intensity map is feasible and the parameter estimation on Ωm and w is unbiased.
Historical Introgression from Wild Relatives Enhanced Climatic Adaptation and Resistance to Pneumonia in Sheep
Authors: Cao Yin-Hong , Xu Song-Song , Shen Min , Chen Ze-Hui , Gao Lei , Lv Feng-Hua , Xie Xing-Long , Wang Xin-Hua , Yang Hua , Liu Chang-Bin , Zhou Ping , Wan Peng-Cheng , Zhang Yun-Sheng , Yang Jing-Quan , Pi Wen-Hui , Hehua EEr , Berry Donagh P , Barbato Mario , Esmailizadeh Ali , Nosrati Maryam , Salehian-Dehkordi Hosein , Dehghani-Qanatqestani Mostafa , Dotsev Arsen V , Deniskova Tatiana E , Zinovieva Natalia A , Brem Gottfried , Štěpánek Ondřej , Ciani Elena , Weimann Christina , Erhardt Georg , Mwacharo Joram M , Ahbara Abulgasim , Han Jian-Lin , Hanotte Olivier , Miller Joshua M , Sim Zijian , Coltman David , Kantanen Juha , Bruford Michael W , Lenstra Johannes A , Kijas James , Li Meng-Hua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
How animals, particularly livestock, adapt to various climates and environments over short evolutionary time is of fundamental biological interest. Further, understanding the genetic mechanisms of adaptation in indigenous livestock populations is important for designing appropriate breeding programs to cope with the impacts of changing climate. Here, we conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of diversity, interspecies introgression, and climate-mediated selective signatures in a global sample of sheep and their wild relatives. By examining 600K and 50K genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data from 3,447 samples representing 111 domestic sheep populations and 403 samples from all their seven wild relatives (argali, Asiatic mouflon, European mouflon, urial, snow sheep, bighorn, and thinhorn sheep), coupled with 88 whole-genome sequences, we detected clear signals of common introgression from wild relatives into sympatric domestic populations, thereby increasing their genomic diversities. The introgressions provided beneficial genetic variants in native populations, which were significantly associated with local climatic adaptation. We observed common introgression signals of alleles in olfactory-related genes (e.g., ADCY3 and TRPV1) and the PADI gene family including in particular PADI2, which is associated with antibacterial innate immunity. Further analyses of whole-genome sequences showed that the introgressed alleles in a specific region of PADI2 (chr2: 248,302,667–248,306,614) correlate with resistance to pneumonia. We conclude that wild introgression enhanced climatic adaptation and resistance to pneumonia in sheep. This has enabled them to adapt to varying climatic and environmental conditions after domestication.
Risk factors associated with tinnitus in 2948 Dutch survivors of childhood cancer: a Dutch LATER questionnaire study
Authors: Meijer Annelot J M , Fiocco Marta F , Janssens Geert O , Clemens Eva , Tissing Wim J E , Loonen Jacqueline J , van Dulmen-den Broeder Eline , de Vries Andrica C H , Bresters Dorine , Versluys Birgitta , Ronckers Cécile M , Kremer Leontien C M , van der Pal Helena J , Neggers Sebastian J C M M , van der Heiden-van der Loo Margriet , Stokroos Robert J , Hoetink Alex E , van Grotel Martine , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Tinnitus is a serious late effect of childhood cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and risk factors for tinnitus in a national cohort of childhood cancer survivors (CCS).

Methods
Data were collected within the national Dutch Childhood Oncology Group - Long-Term Effects after Childhood Cancer (DCOG-LATER) cohort by a self-reported health questionnaire among 5327 Dutch CCS treated between 1963 and 2002. Siblings (N = 1663) were invited to complete the same questionnaire. Relevant patient characteristics and treatment factors were obtained from the Dutch LATER database. The occurrence of tinnitus in survivors was compared to siblings. To study the effect of risk factors, multivariate logistic regression models were estimated.

Results
In total, 2948 CCS and 1055 siblings completed the tinnitus item. Tinnitus was reported in 9.5% of survivors and in 3.7% of siblings (odds ratio [OR] 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9–3.1). Risk factors associated with tinnitus in CCS were total cumulative dose cisplatin ≥400 mg/m2 (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4–4.0), age at diagnosis (≥10 years: OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.6–2.8), cranial irradiation/total body irradiation (TBI; OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5–2.5), and neuro/ear, nose, throat (ENT) surgery (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.9). Fifty-one percent of CCS with tinnitus had received treatment with either cisplatin, cranial irradiation/TBI, and/or neuro/ENT surgery.

Conclusions
Tinnitus in CCS was present nearly 3 times more often than in siblings. Awareness in CCS previously treated with cisplatin, cranial irradiation/TBI, and/or neuro/ENT surgery is warranted. As only half of affected CCS had a history of these treatments, it seems that other factors might be associated with tinnitus occurrence in this population.
Real-World Utilization and Outcomes of the Veterans Health Administration’s Smoking Cessation Text Message Program
Authors: Christofferson Dana E , Dennis Paul A , Hertzberg Jeffrey S , Beckham Jean C , Knoeppel Jennifer , Hamlett-Berry Kim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Smoking cessation mobile health (mHealth) programs are effective and have been recommended for integration into health care services but have not been evaluated in real-world health care settings. The Veterans Health Administration, a safety net health care provider, provides health care for 9 million US military veterans. Veterans Health Administration implemented the SmokefreeVET text message program in 2013.

Methods
A retrospective evaluation of 6153 SmokefreeVET subscribers was conducted. The primary outcome was 30-day self-reported abstinence at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included percentage of opt outs, program completers, and 30-day self-reported abstinence at 3 months.

Results
SmokefreeVET subscribers were on average 47.5 years old and 71.4% male. Smoking cessation medication use was reported by 11.5% of subscribers at the start of their quit attempt and subscribers enrolled in the program for an average of 29 days. Subscribers who were younger, female, and heavier smokers were more likely to opt out of the six-week program early. The abstinence rate for the primary outcome, self-reported 30-day abstinence at 6 months among all subscribers was 3.7%.

Conclusions
SmokefreeVET enrolled a younger and more female population of subscribers than other studies of veterans interested in tobacco treatment. The mHealth program was generally acceptable to veterans, yet strategies to increase retention may improve completion rates and outcomes. In this real-world setting, nearly half of the mHealth program subscribers combined use of the text program with smoking cessation medication. Further study of the optimal combination of mHealth with smoking cessation treatments is needed.

Implications
mHealth smoking cessation programs can be effectively implemented within real-world health care settings, even in those serving disadvantaged populations. Further research to improve mHealth program efficacy and integration into clinical settings will increase the population-level impact of these effective smoking cessation programs.
A Sequential Multiple-Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) for Stepped Care Management of Low Back Pain in the Military Health System: A Trial Protocol
Authors: Fritz Julie M , Rhon Daniel I , Teyhen Deydre S , Kean Jacob , Vanneman Megan E , Garland Eric L , Lee Ian E , Thorp Richard E , Greene Tom H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The Defense Health Agency has prioritized system-level pain management initiatives within the Military Health System (MHS), with low back pain as one of the key focus areas. A stepped care model focused on nonpharmacologic treatment to promote self-management is recommended. Implementation of stepped care is complicated by lack of information on the most effective nonpharmacologic strategies and how to sequence and tailor the various available options. The Sequential Multiple-Assignment Randomization Trial for Low Back Pain (SMART LBP) is a multisite pragmatic trial using a SMART design to assess the effectiveness of nonpharmacologic treatments for chronic low back pain.

Design
This SMART trial has two treatment phases. Participants from three military treatment facilities are randomized to 6 weeks of phase I treatment, receiving either physical therapy (PT) or Army Medicine’s holistic Move2Health (M2H) program in a package specific to low back pain. Nonresponders to treatment in phase I are again randomized to phase II treatment of combined M2H + PT or mindfulness-based treatment using the Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) program. The primary outcome is the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System pain interference computer-adapted test score.

Summary
This trial is part of an initiative funded by the National Institutes of Health, Veterans Affairs, and the Department of Defense to establish a national infrastructure for effective system-level management of chronic pain with a focus on nonpharmacologic treatments. The results of this study will provide important information on nonpharmacologic care for chronic LBP in the MHS embedded within a stepped care framework.