bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting community participation in prophylactic measures against Leptospirosis following devastating floods in central Kerala: an exploratory study
Authors: Cherian Mammen P. , Johnson Abel K. Samuel , Joseph Marina Rajan , John Joban , Cherian Koshy M. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Community capacity is superior in Kerala, making the people identify, mobilize, and address public health problems. The state of Kerala in South India was devastated by the 2018 August flood with cumulative rainfall of 2307 mm, 41% above the average rainfall received. Community participation helped to restore health with minimal post-flood morbidity. This paper intends to demonstrate the role of community participation in prophylaxis against Leptospirosis.Methods: As a part of post-flood recovery activity to prevent communicable diseases, the health system sought community health volunteers, local teachers, and philanthropic organizations. Training was given to volunteers to do preventive measures like chlorination of well water, provide leptospirosis prophylactic drugs based on the guidelines and promote the use of boiled water as well as personal and environmental hygiene. The health workers supervised preventive activities in the areas designated to the volunteers. Medical officers visited random houses to ensure quality and gave necessary instructions. The health staff counseled those who were unwilling for preventive measures. Results: The activity resulted in low incidence of leptospirosis cases (n=13; Incidence <0.02) in the population. Conclusion: Community engagement was effectively utilized by the public health system in disaster mitigation and control during this flood.
Digital mental health apps for self-management of depression: a scoping exploration on awareness, attitude, and user experience among professional course students
Authors: Sucharitha Sree T. , Manoharan Aravind , Dhanuraja Velusamy , Kasi Arunadevi , Ezhilarasan Suganya 
Published: August 2020

Background: Globally, depressive disorders are ranked as the single largest contributor to non-fatal health loss (7.5% of all years lost due to disability-YLD). In India, provision of quality mental health care services remains a challenge due to severe deficiency of qualified care givers. Harnessing the potential of digital technologies and smart phone apps need to be explored to address the existing gaps in mental health care services. This study aims to describe the awareness, attitudes and user experiences of mental health apps among professional course students.Methods: A mixed-methods study methodology was adapted involving medical professional students of a tertiary teaching hospital in South India. A web-based survey assessed the awareness, attitudes and usage of mental health apps. Further, in-depth interviews (30) were conducted among selective app users (20) and non-users (10) to gain insights about the user experiences. Results: Among 898 respondents for the web-based survey, majority were female (513,57.1%), aged between 18-25 years (801,89.2%) undergraduates (673,74.9%), undertaking professional courses in medicine and allied health sciences (633,70.6%). 273 (30.4%) respondents were aware of apps and 86 (9.6%) were ever users. Novel interactive platforms, privacy and agency for self-care are the major factors for using the apps however data confidentiality and authenticity of the app-based information were identified as major concerns limiting app usage.Conclusions: The study found the utilization of mental health apps as self-management tool for depression gaining slow traction among professional course students.
Genomic regions of Solanum tuberosum L. associated with the tuber eye depth
Authors: Totsky I. V. , Rozanova I. V. , Safonova A. D. , Batov A. S. , Gureeva Yu. A. , Kochetov A. V. , Khlestkina E. K. 
Published: August 2020

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world. The genome of this potato species is autotetraploid and has a high level of heterozygosity, also this potato species is a cross-pollinated plant. These characteristics complicate the genetic analysis and breeding process. The tuber’s eye depth is an important trait that affects the suitability of potato varieties for processing. Potato breeding for this trait is based on phenotypic assessment. Identification of the loci that control tuber eye depth would allow diagnostic markers for the marker-assisted selection to be created. The aim of this study is to search for loci associated with the eye depth by analyzing Solanum tuberosum varieties from the GenAgro collection of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, genotyped using the Illumina 22K SNP potato array DNA chip. The 24 significant markers associated with the “eye depth” trait were identified using 15,214 SNP markers genotyped with the Illumina 22K SNP potato array chip and the general linear model (GLM) taking into account the population structure. Data obtained showed the presence of SNPs in four genomic regions: on chromosome 4 (1 marker in the 3.92 Mb area), 5 (1 marker in the 4.67 Mb area) and 10 (1 marker in the 4.87 Mb area and 21 markers in the region between 48.1–48.9 Mb). The results of localization in the region 48.1–48.9 Mb of chromosome 10 correspond to previously published studies, the remaining three regions were detected for the first time. DNA sections containing SNPs linked to the tuber’s eye depth were studied in the SolTub_3.0 potato genome assembly (https:// plants.ensembl.org/). KASP markers were developed based on the data obtained. It will be possible to screen the breeding material and to breed the varieties more effectively using current markers associated with a shallow tuber’s eye depth.
Identification of species in the genus Nitraria L. (Nitrariaceae) based on nucleotide variability of nuclear ribosomal DNA
Authors: Poliakova T. A. , Banaev E. V. , Tomoshevich M. A. 
Published: August 2020

Intragenomic polymorphism of ITS1 and ITS2 of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences was analysed in 33 samples belonging to the Nitraria species N. schoberi, N. sibirica, and N. komarovii. The nucleotide variability of the ITS region was detected in the Nitraria species as single-nucleotide substitutions (mainly transitions) and single-nucleotide deletion. Information about the nucleotide variability of fragments is given for the first time by us. The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region contained 17 phylogenetically informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Eleven single-nucleotide substitutions (transitions, C/T) were detected in ITS1. The ITS2 spacer contained 273–274 bp and was more conservative. A total of 5 phylogenetically informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (4 transitions: C/T, G/A, one transversion: G/C), one single-nucleotide deletion (T/–) were detected in ITS2. The average GC content was 61.5 %. The GC content was lower in N. sibirica (59.2 %) than in N. schoberi and N. komarovii (62.7 %). It has been shown that the shorter ITS2 is a suitable molecular marker separating these species, due to the low interspecific variability and simultaneous available intraspecific variability. Phylogenetic ML and BI trees constructed separately for the ITS1 and ITS2 spacers, as well as separately for the full-size ITS region and the ITS2 spacer, were congruent. The results obtained on the intraspecific differentiation of N. sibirica revealed two main ribotypes among the samples of this species: the main Siberian sibirica-ribotype and the main Kazakh sibiricaribotype. Geographical features of the distribution of N. sibirica ribotypes, as well as the presence of significant differences between the main Siberian and Kazakh sibirica-ribotypes (3 single-nucleotide substitutions) indicated significant inter-population differences and taxonomic heterogeneity of N. sibirica. Most likely, the processes of homogenization of nuclear ribosomal DNA of N. sibirica samples, the origin of which is associated with hybridization and speciation, are currently continuing.
Migration of primordial germline cells is negatively regulated by surrounding somatic cells during early embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Dorogova N. V. , Khruscheva A. S. , Galimova Iu. A. , Oshchepkov D. Yu. , Maslov D. E. , Shvedkina E. D. , Akhmetova K. A. , Fedorova S. A. 
Published: August 2020

Cell migration is an important morphogenetic process necessary at different stages of individual development and body functioning. The initiation and maintenance of the cell movement state requires the activation of many factors involved in the regulation of transcription, signal transduction, adhesive interactions, modulation of membranes and the cytoskeleton. However, cell movement depends on the status of both migrating and surrounding cells, interacting with each other during movement. The surrounding cells or cell matrix not only form a substrate for movement, but can also participate in the spatio-temporal regulation of the migration. At present, there is no exact understanding of the genetic mechanisms of this regulation. To determine the role of the cell environment in the regulation of individual cell migration, we studied the migration of primordial germline cells (PGC) during early embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Normally, PGC are formed at the 3rd stage of embryogenesis at the posterior pole of the embryo. During gastrulation (stages 6–7), PGC as a consolidated cell group passively transfers into the midgut primordium. Further, PGC are individualized, acquire an amoeboid form, and actively move through the midgut epithelium and migrate to the 5–6 abdominal segment of the embryo, where they form paired embryonic gonads. We screened for genes expressed in the epithelium surrounding PGC during early embryogenesis and affecting their migration. We identified the myc, Hph, stat92E, Tre-1, and hop genes, whose RNA interference leads to premature active PGC migration at stages 4–7 of embryogenesis. These genes can be divided into two groups: 1) modulators of JAK/STAT pathway activity inducing PGC migration (stat92E, Tre-1, hop), and 2) myc and Hph involved in epithelial morphogenesis and polarization, i.e. modifying the permeability of the epithelial barrier. Since a depletion of each of these gene products resulted in premature PGC migration, we can conclude that, normally, the somatic environment negatively regulates PGC migration during early Drosophila embryogenesis.
Genetic markers on the distribution of ancient marine hunters in Priokhotye
Authors: Malyarchuk B. A. 
Published: August 2020

This is a review of studies on the genetic polymorphism of modern and ancient populations of the north of Asia and America, with the aim of reconstructing the history of migrations of ancient marine hunters in the Okhotsk Sea region. The data on mitochondrial DNA polymorphism and the “Arctic” mutation distribution – the rs80356779-A variant of the CPT1A gene – were analyzed. It is known that the “Arctic” variant of the CPT1A gene is widely distributed in modern populations of the Eskimos, Chukchis, Koryaks, and other peoples of the Okhotsk Sea region, whose economic structure is associated with marine hunting. According to paleogenomic data, the earliest cases of the “Arctic” variant of the CPT1A gene were found in the Greenland and Canadian Paleoeskimos (4 thousand years ago), among representatives of the Tokarev culture of the Northern Priokhotye (3 thousand years ago), and among the bearers of the culture of the late Jomon of Hokkaido (3.5–3.8 thousand years ago). The results of the analysis revealed several migration events associated with the spread of marine hunters in the Okhotsk Sea region. The latest migration, which left traces on bearers of the Epi-Jomon culture (2.0–2.5 thousand years ago), introduced the mitochondrial haplogroup G1b and the “Arctic” variant of the CPT1A gene from the north of Priokhotye to Hokkaido and neighboring territories of the Amur Region. Traces of earlier migration, which also brought the “Arctic” mutation, were recorded in the Hokkaido population of the late Jomon period (3.5–3.8 thousand years ago). A phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genomes belonging to the rare haplogroup C1a, found in populations of the Far East and Japan, but phylogenetically related to the C1-haplogroups of the Amerindians, was carried out. The results of the analysis showed that the divergence of mitochondrial lineages within the C1a haplogroup occurred in the range from 7.9 to 6.6 thousand years ago, and the age of the Japanese branch of the C1a haplogroup is approximately 5.2 thousand years. It is not yet known whether this migration is associated with the spread of the “Arctic” variant of the CPT1A gene or the presence of C1a haplotypes in the population of the Japanese islands marks another, earlier, episode of the migration history linking the populations of Northwest Pacific and North America.
¿Quién es el culpable? Ideologías de la comunicación, narrativas y discursos morales en la lucha contra la tuberculosis en una prisión peruana
Authors: Portocarrero Julio 
Published: August 2020

Este artículo aborda las narrativas, diálogos y experiencias de internos y personal de salud involucrados en una intervención financiada por el Fondo Global para reducir los índices de tuberculosis en las prisiones peruanas. Se busca responder a dos preguntas principales: ¿cómo se discute y sobre quién recae la responsabilidad del cuidado de la enfermedad en esta intervención? Se basa en una etnografía realizada en el año 2006 en el penal de Lurigancho, la prisión más hacinada de Perú. El estudio muestra que, contrariamente a lo que la intervención sostenía, buena parte de los internos podían reproducir en sus términos, sin mayores problemas, las versiones biomédicas sobre la etiología de la enfermedad. Se encuentra que el discurso de la intervención termina responsabilizando exclusivamente a los pacientes por su situación de salud, velando otros factores sociales y económicos igualmente importantes. Se sostiene que muchas políticas de salud pública han cobrado un cariz reduccionista desde que la salud pública se ha comenzado a pensar utilizando supuestos económicos liberales. Como consecuencia de este proceso, algunas enfermedades y tipos de pacientes o grupos sociales pueden ser considerados como moralmente reprochables y castigables. Se concluye que es fundamental explorar la ideología de comunicación detrás de cualquier intervención o política de salud pública.
El caso Banchero, de Guillermo Thorndike: fuente impresa que explica el culto a Luis Banchero Rossi, santo secular, en Lima
Authors: Hernández Lefranc Harold 
Published: August 2020

La existencia del culto en el cementerio El Ángel a Luis Banchero Rossi —empresario peruano de la industria de pescado, asesinado en 1972— exige el interés por su génesis, dado que es un culto religioso a un personaje secular. El presente texto halla que esto es posible por dos razones: la muerte violenta produce santidad, y la sacralización no se restringe a los límites de la religión institucionalizada. Además, plantea que, en lo eficiente, un factor que explica el culto lo constituye el libro El caso Banchero (1973), delperiodista y escritor Guillermo Thorndike. Además, practica una exégesis antropológica y evidencia rasgos mistificados y mesiánicos del personaje, su vida y su muerte, lo que se entiende como un antecedentedel culto. Los cultos populares se difunden en lo fundamental a través de la oralidad, no por la palabra escrita; sin embargo, en este caso se desdibujan los límites entre la cultura popular y el texto escrito, cuyo intermediario es la prensa.
TRADISI MASKULINITAS SUKU SASAK (STUDI TENTANG SENI PERTUNJUKAN PERESEAN)
Authors: Solikatun Solikatun , Kartono Drajat Tri 
Published: August 2020

<p><em>Peresean is the traditional art of the Sasak people who fight two men (pepadu) by using weapons from rattan sticks and shields. This research uses a qualitative research method with an ethnographic approach. The results of this study indicate that the shift in the meaning of masculinity in society has been influenced by the times and changes that occur in society. In addition, the development of media and science is increasingly advanced. Where once the public interpreted men as masculine when in the art of performing a man could win the fight. At that time men have their own pride, prestige, unmatched men and dare to defeat the enemy. But now the meaning of masculinity has shifted, the masculine meaning for society that a man looks masculine in the arena of battle if he is able to control emotions during the game, able to play sportsmanship, not revenge after the fight ends, and able to establish friendship between players.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong> </strong><em>Masculinity; Tradition; Peresean.</em><strong></strong></p><h2> </h2><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Peresean adalah kesenian tradisional masyarakat Suku Sasak yang mempertarungkan dua laki-laki (pepadu) dengan memakai senjata dari tongkat rotan dan perisai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hahwa pergeseran makna maskulinitas pada masyarakat telah dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan zaman dan perubahan yang terjadi di masyarakat. Selain itu paekembangan media dan ilmu pengetahuan yang makin maju. Dimana dulu masyarakat memaknai laki-laki terlihat maskulin ketika dalam seni pertunjukan peresean seorang laki-laki dapat memenangkan pertarungan. Saat itu laki-laki memiliki kebanggaan tersendiri, prestise, laki-laki tanpa tanding dan berani mengalahkan musuh. Namun sekarang ini makna maskulinitas mengalami pergeseran, makna maskulin bagi masyarakat bahwa seorang laki-laki terlihat maskulin dalam arena pertarungan peresean jika mampu mengontrol emosi selama pertandingan, mampu bermain secara sportifitas, tidak dendam setelah pertarungan berakhir, dan mampu menjalin silaturahmi antar pemain.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci : </strong>Maskulinitas; Tradisi<em>; Peresean.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p>
Microstructure and mineral composition of Holocene stromatolites from Lagoa Vermelha, a hypersaline lagoon in Brazil: Insights into laminae genesis
Authors: Keim Carolina N. , dos Santos Hélisson Nascimento , Santiago Carolina Souza , Pennafirme Simone , Neumann Reiner , Schnellrath Jürgen , Lima Inayá , Crapez Mirian A.C. , Farina Marcos 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Stromatolites are domes, columns, or nearly flat crusts of laminated sedimentary rocks, usually consisting of Ca-Mg carbonates. Stromatolites result from lithification of microbial mats, which are benthic microbial ecosystems where microorganisms arrange themselves in layers according to their physiology. Despite a century of research, the hypothesis of stromatolite genesis by lithification of microbial mats remains controversial, and a convincing explanation for how stromatolites arise from microbial mats is still lacking. In this work, we analyze in detail a stromatolite from Lagoa Vermelha, a coastal hypersaline lagoon in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The stromatolite presents a laminated core and thrombolitic regions at the periphery. Both thrombolitic and laminated facies consist of fine-grained authigenic minerals with minor contributions of bioclasts and quartz grains. X-ray diffraction shows aragonite, high-magnesium calcite (HMC) containing about 17% MgCO3, a very-high-Mg calcite (VHMC) containing 29–46% MgCO3, and small amounts of quartz and pyrite. Scanning electron microscopy of polished samples coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) showed that each lamina was composed of 1–4 distinct mineral phases embedded within each other, indicating sequential steps of precipitation of Ca-Mg carbonates under distinct biogeochemical conditions. The coexistence of different phases in a single lamina suggests that several processes contribute to mineral deposition as the incipient stromatolite laminae are left behind by microorganisms from the lower layers of the microbial mat when they grow and/or move upwards.
Wounds at risk of tetanus: unexpected level of underimmunization in a patient cohort
Authors: Piccini Gaia Bavestrello , Cavenaile Jean-Christophe , Bressan Maria Antonietta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Tetanus is an acute and potentially fatal disease caused by Clostridium tetani, an extremely resilient pathogen. This bacterium can contaminate traumatic wounds which account for approximately 5.4% of all visits to the Emergency Department. According to several surveillance programs, the incidence of clinical tetanus in Italy is tenfold higher than in other industrialised countries. In 2010, Italy accounted for 57 of the 74 confirmed cases reported within the European Union. We decided to conduct a study in the Emergency Department to assess the proportion of patients immunised against tetanus. Methods: The study analyses data from 1094 patients who presented to the Emergency Department of the Fondazione IRRCS Policlinico San Matteo between April 2016 and November 2017 with wounds potentially at risk of infection with Clostridium tetani. Results: Data showed that in Italy, the percentage of population protected against tetanus infection is unexpectedly low with 432 patients out of 506 having no significant level of antibodies against tetanus infection. In conformity with the literature, the elderly (> 60 years old) constitutes a high-risk category, with 219 (92%) unprotected individuals out of 238. Also, the patients aged 60+ showed statistically significant difference between female and male subjects.The data comparative analysis showed that younger patients lack protective immunity as well.Conclusions: This study highlights the unexpectedly low level of immunization in the sample of patients that has been taken into consideration. The low level of protection against tetanus infection is a concerning issue not only in the elderly but also in the youngest individuals. This fact could explain the higher incidence of tetanus in Italy in comparison to other European countries. Adopting a well-defined algorithm for the prevention of tetanus infection could help to avoid the excessive administration of prophylaxis, as well as to put in place the necessary preventive measures for each patient. Such a method could help to increase the percentage of the population vaccinated against tetanus infection and eventually reducing the cases of tetanus infection observed in Italy. The analysed data equally suggest the need for conducting awareness campaigns on the topic of vaccines and vaccine-preventable infections.