bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are associated with age-related memory impairment in community-dwelling older adults: the Sefuri study
Authors: Mizoguchi Yoshito , Yao Hiroshi , Imamura Yoshiomi , Hashimoto Manabu , Monji Akira 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe beneficial effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)—a member of the neurotrophin family—on cognitive function or dementia are well established in both rodents and human beings. In contrast, little is known about the association of proBDNF—a precursor protein with opposing neuronal effects of BDNF—with cognitive function in non-demented older adults. We analyzed brain magnetic resonance imaging findings of 256 community-dwelling older adults (mean age of 68.4 years). Serum BDNF and proBDNF levels were measured by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, less physical activity, hippocampal atrophy, and lower BDNF levels were independently associated with memory impairment determined by the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test. Path analysis based on structural equation modeling indicated that age, sport activity, hippocampal atrophy and BDNF but not proBDNF were individually associated with Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test scores. These findings suggest that impaired BDNF function, in addition to physical inactivity and hippocampal atrophy, is associated with age-related memory impairment. Therefore, BDNF may be a potential target for dementia prevention.
Health anxiety and attentional bias toward virus-related stimuli during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cannito Loreta , Di Crosta Adolfo , Palumbo Rocco , Ceccato Irene , Anzani Stefano , La Malva Pasquale , Palumbo Riccardo , Di Domenico Alberto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAfter the COVID-19 worldwide spread, evidence suggested a vast diffusion of negative consequences on people's mental health. Together with depression and sleep difficulties, anxiety symptoms seem to be the most diffused clinical outcome. The current contribution aimed to examine attentional bias for virus-related stimuli in people varying in their degree of health anxiety (HA). Consistent with previous literature, it was hypothesized that higher HA would predict attentional bias, tested using a visual dot-probe task, to virus-related stimuli. Participants were 132 Italian individuals that participated in the study during the lockdown phase in Italy. Results indicated that the HA level predicts attentional bias toward virus-related objects. This relationship is double mediated by the belief of contagion and by the consequences of contagion as assessed through a recent questionnaire developed to measure the fear for COVID-19. These findings are discussed in the context of cognitive-behavioral conceptualizations of anxiety suggesting a risk for a loop effect. Future research directions are outlined.
Transcriptome-wide analysis and modelling of prognostic alternative splicing signatures in invasive breast cancer: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Wang Linbang , Wang Yuanyuan , Su Bao , Yu Ping , He Junfeng , Meng Lei , Xiao Qi , Sun Jinhui , Zhou Kai , Xue Yuzhou , Tan Jinxiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAberrant alternative splicing (AS) has been highly involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of most cancers. The potential role of AS in invasive breast cancer (IBC) remains largely unknown. In this study, RNA sequencing of IBC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas was acquired. AS events were screened by conducting univariate and multivariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. In total, 2146 survival-related AS events were identified from 1551 parental genes, of which 93 were related to prognosis, and a prognostic marker model containing 14 AS events was constructed. We also constructed the regulatory network of splicing factors (SFs) and AS events, and identified DDX39B as the node SF gene, and verified the accuracy of the network through experiments. Next, we performed quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in triple negative breast cancer patients with different responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and found that the exon-specific expression of EPHX2, C6orf141, and HERC4 was associated with the different status of patients that received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, this study found that DDX39B, EPHX2 (exo7), and HERC4 (exo23) can be used as potential targets for the treatment of breast cancer, which provides a new idea for the treatment of breast cancer.
Failure probability assessment of landslides triggered by earthquakes and rainfall: a case study in Yadong County, Tibet, China
Authors: Chen Lixia , Mei Le , Zeng Bin , Yin Kunlong , Shrestha Dhruba Pikha , Du Juan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractYadong County located in the southern Himalayan mountains in Tibet, China, is an import frontier county. It was affected by landslides after the 2011 Sikkim earthquake (Mw = 6.8) and the 2015 Gorkha earthquake (Mw = 7.8). Casualties and property damage were caused by shallow landslides during subsequent rainfall on the earthquake-destabilized slopes. Existing researches have generally examined rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslides independently, whereas few studies have considered the combined effects of both. Furthermore, there is no previous study reported on landslide hazards in the study area, although the area is strategically applicable for trade as it is close to Bhutan and India. This study developed a new approach that coupled the Newmark method with the hydrological model based on geomorphological, geological, geotechnical, seismological and rainfall data. A rainfall threshold distribution map was generated, indicating that the southeast part of Yadong is prone to rainfall-induced landslides, especially when daily rainfall is higher than 45 mm/day. Permanent displacement predictions were used to identify landslide hazard zones. The regression model used to calculate these permanent displacement values was 71% accurate. Finally, landslide probability distribution maps were generated separately for dry and wet conditions with rainfall of varying intensities. Results can serve as a basis for local governments to manage seismic landslide risks during rainy seasons.
Allosteric regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase deamination activity
Authors: Bera Soumen , Rashid Mubasher , Medvinsky Alexander B. , Sun Gui-Quan , Li Bai-Lian , Acquisti Claudia , Sljoka Adnan , Chakraborty Amit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a key enzyme interlinking carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Recent discoveries of the GDH specific role in breast cancer, hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome, and neurodegenerative diseases have reinvigorated interest on GDH regulation, which remains poorly understood despite extensive and long standing studies. Notwithstanding the growing evidence of the complexity of allosteric network behind GDH regulation, identifications of allosteric factors and associated mechanisms are paramount to deepen our understanding of the complex dynamics that regulate GDH enzymatic activity. Combining structural analyses of cryo-electron microscopy data with molecular dynamic simulations, here we show that the cofactor NADH is a key player in the GDH regulation process. Our structural analysis indicates that, binding to the regulatory sites in proximity of the antenna region, NADH acts as a positive allosteric modulator by enhancing both the affinity of the inhibitor GTP binding and inhibition of GDH catalytic activity. We further show that the binding of GTP to the NADH-bound GDH activates a triangular allosteric network, interlinking the inhibitor with regulatory and catalytic sites. This allostery produces a local conformational rearrangement that triggers an anticlockwise rotational motion of interlinked alpha-helices with specific tilted helical extension. This structural transition is a fundamental switch in the GDH enzymatic activity. It introduces a torsional stress, and the associated rotational shift in the Rossmann fold closes the catalytic cleft with consequent inhibition of the deamination process. In silico mutagenesis examinations further underpin the molecular basis of HI/HA dominant mutations and consequent over-activity of GDH through alteration of this allosteric communication network. These results shed new light on GDH regulation and may lay new foundation in the design of allosteric agents.
Dampened virulence and limited proliferation of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans during subclinical infection of the troglobiont olm (Proteus anguinus)
Authors: Li Zhimin , Verbrugghe Elin , Konstanjšek Rok , Lukač Maja , Pasmans Frank , Cizelj Ivan , Martel An 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEmerging infections add to existing threats to the survival of amphibians worldwide. The olm (Proteus anguinus) is a vulnerable, troglobiont urodele species with a small European range and restricted to underground karstic systems. Population declines to emerging threats like the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, are likely to go unnoticed due to inaccessibility of the species’ habitat. We here studied the interaction between olms and B. salamandrivorans. Experimental inoculation of olms resulted in low-level, asymptomatic but persistent infections, with limbs as predilection sites. The lack of exponential fungal growth in the olms’ epidermis correlated with limited fungal proliferation and dampened virulence gene expression after exposure to olm skin compounds. The olm is one of few western Palearctic urodeles that is tolerant to B. salamandrivorans infection and may act as a subterranean disease reservoir, yet costs of subclinical infection may compromise olm fitness on the long term.
Unexpected mutual regulation underlies paralogue functional diversification and promotes epithelial tissue maturation in Tribolium
Authors: Gurska Daniela , Vargas Jentzsch Iris M. , Panfilio Kristen A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInsect Hox3/zen genes represent an evolutionary hotspot for changes in function and copy number. Single orthologues are required either for early specification or late morphogenesis of the extraembryonic tissues, which protect the embryo. The tandemly duplicated zen paralogues of the beetle Tribolium castaneum present a unique opportunity to investigate both functions in a single species. We dissect the paralogues’ expression dynamics (transcript and protein) and transcriptional targets (RNA-seq after RNAi) throughout embryogenesis. We identify an unexpected role of Tc-Zen2 in repression of Tc-zen1, generating a negative feedback loop that promotes developmental progression. Tc-Zen2 regulation is dynamic, including within co-expressed multigene loci. We also show that extraembryonic development is the major event within the transcriptional landscape of late embryogenesis and provide a global molecular characterization of the extraembryonic serosal tissue. Altogether, we propose that paralogue mutual regulation arose through multiple instances of zen subfunctionalization, leading to their complementary extant roles.
Identification of prognosis-related genes in the tumor microenvironment of stomach adenocarcinoma by TCGA and GEO datasets
Authors: Ren Na , Liang Bin , Li Yunhui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) development, progression, prognosis and immunotherapeutic responses. How the genes in TME interact and behave is extremely crucial for tumor investigation. In the present study, we used gene expression data of STAD available from TCGA and GEO datasets to infer tumor purity using ESTIMATE algorithms, and predicted the associations between tumor purity and clinical features and clinical outcomes. Next, we calculated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the comparisons of immune and stromal scores, and postulated key biological processes and pathways that the DEGs mainly involved in. Then, we analyzed the prognostic values of DEGs in TCGA dataset, and validated the results by GEO dataset. Finally, we used CIBERSORT computational algorithm to estimate the 22 tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) subsets in STAD tissues. We found that stromal and immune scores were significantly correlated with STAD subtypes, clinical stages, Helicobacter polyri infection, and stromal scores could predict the clinical outcomes in STAD patients. Moreover, we screened 307 common DEGs in TCGA and GSE51105 datasets. In the prognosis analyses, we only found OGN, JAM2, RERG, OLFML2B, and ADAMTS1 genes were significantly associated with overall survival in TCGA and GSE84437 datasets, and these genes were correlated with the fractions of T cells, B cells, macrophages, monocytes, NK cells and DC cells, respectively. Our comprehensive analyses for transcriptional data not only improved the understanding of characteristics of TME, but also provided the targets for individual therapy in STAD.
The association of interieukin-6 polymorphism (rs1800795) with microvascular complications in Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cui Jieyuan , Zhang Xiaolin , Guo Cheng , Zhang Lin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1800795 in interieukin-6 (IL-6) gene on diabetic microvascular complications of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using statistical meta-analysis.
Methods: Literature pertaining to the relationship between the SNP rs1800795 and microvascular complications of T2DM including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy and foot disease was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science Knowledge and SinoMed databases. Original information was analyzed using Stata 12.0, including meta-analysis statistics, test for heterogeneity, evaluation of publication bias and sensitivity. Subgroup analysis was conducted to assess the effect of specific factors on the corresponding results.
Results: In total, 14 eligible articles were obtained. The SNP rs1800795 in IL-6 gene is not correlated with risk of microvascular complications in T2DM. Among the original literature, a genetic model (OR = 1.071, 95% CI: 0.681–1.685, P=0.767), an allelic genetic model (OR = 1.010, 95% CI: 0.959–1.063, P=0.703), a heterozygote genetic model (OR = 1.107, 95% CI: 0.916–1.339, P=0.292), a dominant genetic model (OR = 1.108, 95% CI: 0.885–1.387, P=0.372), and a recessive genetic model (OR = 0.978, 95% CI: 0.646–1.478, P=0.917) were included respectively. In the subgroup analysis by types of diabetic microvascular complications, we found no correlation between the SNP rs1000795 polymorphism and complications of T2DM in either the homozygote genetic model or the allelic genetic model (P&lt;0.05).
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that rs1800795 polymorphism in IL-6 gene is not correlated with the susceptibility of microvascular complications of T2DM.
Asteroid models reconstructed from ATLAS photometry
Authors: Ďurech J. , Tonry J. , Erasmus N. , Denneau L. , Heinze A. N. , Flewelling H. , Vančo R. 
Published: October 2020

Context. The Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) is an all-sky survey primarily aimed at detecting potentially hazardous near-Earth asteroids. Apart from the astrometry of asteroids, it also produces their photometric measurements that contain information about asteroid rotation and their shape.
Aims. To increase the current number of asteroids with a known shape and spin state, we reconstructed asteroid models from ATLAS photometry that was available for approximately 180 000 asteroids observed between 2015 and 2018.
Methods. We made use of the light-curve inversion method implemented in the Asteroids@home project to process ATLAS photometry for roughly 100 000 asteroids with more than a hundred individual brightness measurements. By scanning the period and pole parameter space, we selected those best-fit models that were, according to our setup, a unique solution for the inverse problem.
Results. We derived ~2750 unique models, 950 of them were already reconstructed from other data and published. The remaining 1800 models are new. About half of them are only partial models, with an unconstrained pole ecliptic longitude. Together with the shape and spin, we also determined for each modeled asteroid its color index from the cyan and orange filter used by the ATLAS survey. We also show the correlations between the color index, albedo, and slope of the phase-angle function.
Conclusions. The current analysis is the first inversion of ATLAS asteroid photometry, and it is the first step in exploiting the huge scientific potential that ATLAS photometry has. ATLAS continues to observe, and in the future, this data, together with other independent photometric measurements, can be inverted to produce more refined asteroid models.
Modelling the Galactic very-high-energyγ-ray source population
Authors: Steppa Constantin , Egberts Kathrin 
Published: October 2020

Context.The High Energy Stereoscopic System Galactic plane survey (HGPS) is to date the most comprehensive census of Galacticγ-ray sources at very high energies (VHE; 100 GeV ≤ E ≤ 100 TeV). As a consequence of the limited sensitivity of this survey, the 78 detectedγ-ray sources comprise only a small and biased subsample of the overall population. The larger part consists of currently unresolved sources, which contribute to large-scale diffuse emission to a still uncertain amount.Aims.We study the VHEγ-ray source population in the Milky Way. For this purpose population-synthesis models are derived based on the distributions of source positions, extents, and luminosities.Methods.Several azimuth-symmetric and spiral-arm models are compared for spatial source distribution. The luminosity and radius function of the population are derived from the source properties of the HGPS data set and are corrected for the sensitivity bias of the HGPS. Based on these models, VHE source populations are simulated and the subsets of sources detectable according to the HGPS are compared with HGPS sources.Results.The power-law indices of luminosity and radius functions are determined to range between −1.6 and −1.9 for luminosity and −1.1 and −1.6 for radius. A two-arm spiral structure with central bar is discarded as spatial distribution of VHE sources, while azimuth-symmetric distributions and a distribution following a four-arm spiral structure without bar describe the HGPS data reasonably well. The total number of Galactic VHE sources is predicted to be in the range from 800 to 7000 with a total luminosity and flux of (1.6 − 6.3) × 1036ph s−1and (3 − 15) × 10−10ph cm−2s−1, respectively.Conclusions.Depending on the model, the HGPS sample accounts for (68 − 87)% of the emission of the population in the scanned region. This suggests that unresolved sources represent a critical component of the diffuse emission measurable in the HGPS. With the foreseen jump in sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array, the number of detectable sources is predicted to increase by a factor between 5 and 9.
Tomography of cool giant and supergiant star atmospheres
Authors: Kravchenko Kateryna , Wittkowski Markus , Jorissen Alain , Chiavassa Andrea , Van Eck Sophie , Anderson Richard I. , Freytag Bernd , Käufl Ulli 
Published: October 2020

Context. Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are characterized by substantial mass loss, however the mechanism behind it not yet fully understood. The knowledge of the structure and dynamics of AGB-star atmospheres is crucial to better understanding the mass loss. The recently established tomographic method, which relies on the design of spectral masks containing lines that form in given ranges of optical depths in the stellar atmosphere, is an ideal technique for this purpose.
Aims. We aim to validate the capability of the tomographic method in probing different geometrical depths in the stellar atmosphere and recovering the relation between optical and geometrical depth scales.
Methods. We applied the tomographic method to high-resolution spectro-interferometric VLTI/AMBER observations of the Mira-type AGB star S Ori. The interferometric visibilities were extracted at wavelengths contributing to the tomographic masks and fitted to those computed from a uniform disk model. This allows us to measure the geometrical extent of the atmospheric layer probed by the corresponding mask. We then compared the observed atmospheric extension with others measured from available 1D pulsation CODEX models and 3D radiative-hydrodynamics CO5BOLD simulations.
Results. While the average optical depths probed by the tomographic masks in S Ori decrease (with ⟨log τ0⟩ = −0.45, − 1.45, and − 2.45 from the innermost to the central and outermost layers), the angular diameters of these layers increase, from 10.59 ± 0.09 mas through 11.84 ± 0.17 mas, up to 14.08 ± 0.15 mas. A similar behavior is observed when the tomographic method is applied to 1D and 3D dynamical models.
Conclusions. This study derives, for the first time, a quantitative relation between optical and geometrical depth scales when applied to the Mira star S Ori, or to 1D and 3D dynamical models. In the context of Mira-type stars, knowledge of the link between the optical and geometrical depths opens the way to deriving the shock-wave propagation velocity, which cannot be directly observed in these stars.
Der Blutungsnotfall – Versorgungskonzepte für Patienten mit unbekannter Blutgruppe
Authors: Selleng Kathleen 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Mortalität von Patienten, die mit lebensbedrohlichen Blutungen ins Krankenhaus aufgenommen werden, beträgt bis zu 50%. Für die Verbesserung der Überlebenschancen dieser Patienten ist ein gut etabliertes Hämotherapiekonzept für jedes Krankenhaus unabdingbar. Dies schließt ein, dass die Blutprodukte schnell am Patienten ankommen, d. h. klare Meldewege zwischen Versorgungsort und Blutdepot, dass der Dokumentationsaufwand minimal ist, aber auch dass die Empfehlungen der deutschen Hämotherapie-Richtlinien beachtet werden. In der Praxis eignen sich kleine Blutproduktdepots in Schockraumnähe und eine einfache Anforderungslogistik mit fest zusammengestellter Lieferung von Blutprodukten. Neue Ansätze sind Transportdepots für Rettungshubschrauber und Notarztwagen. Typischerweise werden 0 Rhesus-negative (RhD-negative) Erythrozytenkonzentrate (EKs) für die Notfallversorgung von Patienten mit unbekannter Blutgruppe verwendet, aber häufig stehen diese nicht in ausreichendem Maß zur Verfügung. An der Universitätsmedizin Greifswald werden seit dem Jahr 2000 Rhesus-positive (RhD-positive) EKs für die Transfusion von Patienten mit unbekannter Blutgruppe verwendet, um nicht unnötig RhD-positive Patienten mit 0 RhD-negativen EKs zu transfundieren. Wir konnten zeigen, dass die Verwendung von 0 RhD-positiven EKs keinen Einfluss auf die Überlebenschance der 0 RhD-negativen Patienten hatte und hämolytische Transfusionsreaktionen nicht vermehrt auftraten. Die Anti-D-Immunisierungsrate lag bei 3 – 5% aller Notfallpatienten. Die geforderte frühe Plasmatransfusion und Transfusionsratio FFP : EK von ≥ 1 : 2 kann durch eine Flüssigplasmabank gewährleistet werden. Um die Lagerzeit der aufgetauten Plasmen kurz zu halten, verwenden wir für alle Plasmatransfusionen Plasma aus der Flüssigplasmabank. Krankenhäuser sollten für ihre Gegebenheiten Standards für die Therapie von Blutungsnotfällen im Schockraum und im Rettungsdienst entwickeln.