bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional Ayurveda Medicines for the Management of Amlapitta (Functional Dyspepsia)
Authors: Yadav Babita , Mahajon Bidhan , Dubey Neha , Kumar Panda Ashok , Chandrasekhara Rao Bhogavalli , Singhal Richa , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: May 2020

Background:

Amlapitta (functional dyspepsia, FD) is experienced as a heterogeneous group of upper abdominal symptoms characterized by upper abdominal colic or discomfort which may also comprise heartburn, bloating, regurgitation, early satiety, anorexia, postprandial fullness, belching, and nausea. Traditional Ayurveda medicines are frequently practiced for FD since long; however, available scientific proof relating to their competence and mechanism of actions are insubstantial. In this article, we report a protocol of a prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicenter clinical study by means of classical Ayurveda formulation to examine the effectiveness, mechanism, and safety of the patients diagnosed with Amlapitta (FD).

Materials and methods:
Present protocol is a single-arm, open-label multicenter clinical study to find the safety and efficacy of classical Ayurveda formulations Narikela Lavana and Amalakyadi Churna in the management of Amlapitta. A total of 110 patients with Amlapitta will be selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the patients will be treated orally; with traditional Ayurveda medicine, i.e., powder Narikela Lavana 2 g, twice daily, before food; and Amalakyadi Churna 3 g, twice daily, after food. The entire participant will undergo 12-week treatment and 2-week follow-up. A total of seven visits will be scheduled for each of the participants, i.e., each one in week 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. The primary outcomes include changes in FD symptoms in dyspepsia questionnaire; changes in symptoms of Amlapitta disease in Amlapitta symptom rating scale (ASRS) along with satisfactory therapeutic response. The secondary outcomes include disease relapse rate after successful treatment; assessment of quality of life in the participants of FD by the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHO-QOL) scale; and psychological assessment by Beck's depression inventory scoring scale. Therapeutic mechanism outcomes, safety outcomes, and end-point outcomes will also be assessed.

Discussion:
Present protocol has been designed with expected better clinical outcome and safety profile in dyspepsia patients in addition to reduce relapse rate of disease during posttreatment period. If found effective, the selected drug will be listed in terms of better efficacy, safety, and cost-effective treatment of Amlapitta. The selected drug may lead to a step ahead of better understanding and management of other gastrointestinal disorders.

Trial registration:
Trial has been registered REF/2019/07/027369. The registration number for this trial is CTRI/2019/09/021133.
Erosion after an extreme storm event in an arid fluvial system of the southern Atacama Desert: an assessment of the magnitude, return time, and conditioning factors of erosion and debris flow generation
Authors: Aguilar Germán , Cabré Albert , Fredes Victor , Villela Bruno 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The contribution of an individual extreme storm event to long-term erosion rates has been estimated for the first time in the Atacama Desert. A mean erosion of 1.3 mm has been calculated for the March 2015 event that impacted the southernmost part of the Atacama Desert. The estimated erosion is consistent with millennial erosion rates and the previously reported return times of high-sediment-discharge events in the study area. This is significant because erosion rates, related to events of high sediment discharge in arid fluvial systems, are difficult to measure with sediment loading due to destruction of gauges by devastating flash floods and therefore have not been directly measured yet. During the March 2015 storm, debris flows were reported as the main sediment transport process, while gullies and channels erosion were the main source of sediments that generated debris flows reaching the tributary junctions and the trunk valleys. Sediment yield at tributary outlets is highly dependent on the ability of catchments to store sediments in stream networks between storms. The largest tributary catchments, the high hydrological hierarchy, the low topographic gradient and the gentle slopes are the most determining factors in generating debris flows capable of reaching alluvial fans in any storm event from large sediment volumes stored in the stream networks. Our findings better assess the susceptibility to debris flow of arid catchments, which is significant for the southernmost valleys of the Atacama Desert because human settlements and industries are mostly established in alluvial fans.
Impact of Cold Water Intake on Environmental Perceptions, Affect, and Attention Depends on Climate Condition
Authors: Coudevylle Guillaume R. , Sinnapah Stéphane , Hue Olivier , Robin Nicolas , Popa-Roch Maria 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The use of cooling techniques in a tropical climate can limit the increase in core body temperature and therefore improve physical exercise performance. However, little is known about the impact of cooling on psychological functioning. The aim of this study was to determine whether cold water intake influences environmental perceptions, affects, and attention depending on the climate condition (tropical climate vs. neutral climate). The study followed a mixed 2 × 3 crossover design (climate as the within factor, tropical climate vs. neutral climate; water intake as the between factor, cold water vs. neutral water vs. no water). Participants reported lower thermal comfort, had positive affect scores, had lower attention performance scores, and had higher thermal sensation and negative affect in tropical climate compared with neutral climate. It was shown that drinking water at room temperature in a neutral climate causes the best thermal comfort scores, and drinking water at room temperature in tropical climate causes the worst scores. Cold water intake, which had no notable influence on positive affect scores in a tropical climate, had a deleterious effect in a neutral climate. Drinking cold water as a technique to limit the deleterious effects of tropical climate on environmental perceptions, affect, and attention is discussed.
General Comment No. 24 – nieuw elan voor het jeugdstrafrecht?
Authors: van den Brink Y.N. (Yannick) , Mijnarends E.M. (Isabeth) 
Published: May 2020

General Comment No. 24 – nieuw elan voor het jeugdstrafrecht? Over leeftijdsgrenzen, ‘diversion’ en de bredere implicaties voor het jeugdstrafrecht
Het VN-Kinderrechtencomité heeft recentelijk zijn nieuwe General Comment No. 24 gepubliceerd over kinderrechten in het jeugdstrafrecht. Deze bijdrage verkent de mogelijke implicaties van dit General Comment voor het Nederlandse jeugdstrafrecht, aan de hand van interviews met professionals uit de jeugdstrafrechtspraktijk. Hierbij wordt specifiek aandacht besteed aan de minimumleeftijdsgrens voor jeugdstrafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid en de buitengerechtelijke afdoening van jeugdstrafzaken (‘diversion’). Ook wordt in bredere zin gereflecteerd op de potentiële meerwaarde van het IVRK en General Comment No. 24 voor het Nederlandse jeugdstrafrecht.
Criteria voor strafbaarstelling
Authors: Buisman S.S. (Sanne) 
Published: May 2020

Criteria voor strafbaarstelling De integratie tussen theorie en wetgevingsbeleid
Het Nederlandse strafrecht is gebaseerd op de idee van ultimum remedium. Strafrecht kan grote gevolgen hebben voor de verdachten. Of en op welke wijze bepaald ongewenst gedrag moet worden strafbaar gesteld, vereist daarom een gedegen afweging tussen de voor- en nadelen van het strafrecht. Criteria voor strafbaarstelling bieden de wetgever een argumentatiekader aan de hand waarvan strafbaarstelling kan worden gelegitimeerd en gerechtvaardigd. In dit artikel worden de huidige strafbaarstellingtheorieën aangevuld met wetgevingsbeleid.
Met datascience op zoek naar indicatoren van georganiseerde criminaliteit en ondermijning
Authors: Prüfer Patricia , Kolthoff Emile 
Published: May 2020

Using data science to predict indicators of organized crime and its consequences
Increasing digitization and datafication lead to an increasingly important role of data in our society and to changes in the way institutions work and decisions are made. Although it can lead to changes in the type of crime (e.g. cybercrime), datafication also facilitates shifts from visible and registered crime to crime that has not (yet) been measured and registered, like manifestations of organized crime. Analyzing so-called big data can help to recognize new forms of crime, predict risk factors, and decrease the dark number of these forms of crime.In this study, we illustrate which indicators determine the stage of an industrial area regarding the occurrence of organized crime. Our supervised machine learning analysis shows that a number of indicators actually have predictive value for the degree of organized crime. These indicators could be used in the future to distinguish which industrial areas run an increased risk of organized and subversive crime.
Misverstanden over trauma
Authors: van Ee Elisa , Janssen Janine 
Published: May 2020

Misunderstandings about trauma
Previously we have published an article about misunderstandings regarding trauma and PTSS. In this contribution we deal with other popular beliefs regarding trauma. We focus on trauma among professionals as a consequence of their work. It is explained that a professional does not have to witness violence or another severe case directly in order to develop some form of trauma. Next to that we focus on the misconception that professionals suffering from trauma can receive treatment without support of their loved ones and social network. It is explained that social support is not only relevant but necessary in treating trauma effectively.
Financiën: een risicofactor voor delictgedrag?
Authors: van Beek Gercoline , de Vogel Vivienne , van de Mheen Dike 
Published: May 2020

Finances: a risk factor for delinquency? A study on the complexity of financial problems among probation clients
The relationship between debts and delinquency is still unclear and knowledge about the prevalence and scope of debts among delinquents, which is needed to systematically explore this relationship, is lacking. The present study contains a systematic and scoping literature review on this relationship and analyzed data from risk assessment and client files (N = 250) from the Dutch probation service. Results show that debt and crime are strongly related and that debts among probation clients are highly prevalent and complex and underline the importance of inquiring more knowledge about debts as a potential risk factor for relapse during supervision.
Gedetineerd en debiteur
Authors: Koenraadt Rosa , Dirkzwager Anja , Nieuwbeerta Paul 
Published: May 2020

Debtor and detained: A study into the debts of prisoners during and after prison
An exceptionally high prevalence of financial debt problems can be found among prisoners, but criminological knowledge on the link between debts and crime is limited. Previous studies are hindered by a lack of information on types of debts, informal debts and background characteristics. This article provides first and detailed insights in the types and amount of debts during and after prison in the Netherlands. Based on data from the Prison Project we show that the majority of prisoners report having debts during prison, show how different types of debts are related and how these debts change six months after release.
El Banco Asiático de Inversión en Infraestructura apuntando al camino del medio: uniéndose a las filas de los Bancos Multilaterales de Desarrollo, pero con características chinas
Authors: Borquez Dr. Andres , Shoaib Dr. Faran 
Published: May 2020

En junio del 2016 fue aprobado el primer proyecto del Banco Asiático de Inversión en Infraestructura y una de las preocupaciones de los expertos es que esta nueva institución puede ser flexible con respecto a las condiciones de los préstamos y salvaguardas, argumentando que los creadores de este banco carecen de experiencia suficiente para mantener altos estándares establecidos por los otros bancos multilaterales. En contraste, otros especialistas destacan que la participación de China en el financiamiento a nivel internacional no es nada nuevo. Durante la última década, China ha permitido que los bancos de desarrollo estatales otorguen créditos no concesionales. Este artículo analiza ambos enfoques y los contrasta con un análisis comparativo del diseño de los bancos de desarrollo regionales y el nuevo banco multilateral liderado por China. Además, analiza la orientación de las políticas de crédito y salvaguardas de los 21 primeros proyectos aprobados por AIIB hasta el 2017. El nuevo banco esta apuntando al camino del medio: por un lado, uniéndose a las filas de los principales bancos multilaterales, pero al mismo tiempo, tratando de ser una institución con una visión sur a sur: ágil, respetando las políticas internas de cada país y enfocada en el nicho de los proyectos de infraestructura.

In June 2016 the first project of the AIIB was approved and some experts' concern is if this new institution can be flexible with respect to the conditions of the loans and safeguards, arguing that the creators of this bank lack enough experience to maintain high standards established by the other multilateral banks. In contrast, other specialists point out that China's participation in financing at an international level is nothing new. Over the past decade, China has allowed state development banks to grant non-concessional loans. This article analyzes both approaches and contrasts them with a comparative analysis of the design of the regional development banks and the new multilateral bank led by China. In addition, it analyzes the orientation of the credit policies and safeguards of the first 21 projects approved by AIIB until 2017. The new bank is treading the middle path: on the one hand, joining the ranks of the main multilateral banks, but at the same time, trying to be an institution with a south-south vision: agile, respecting the internal policies of each country and focused on the niche of infrastructure projects.
Os desafios humanitários e novas práticas de great power management: uma comparação entre as posições da França e da Alemanha frente à “crise de refugiados”
Authors: Marconi Cláudia Alvarenga , Ramos Anna Paula 
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo visa entender como se dá a gestão das grandes potências, França e Alemanha, frente à assumida crise de refúgio atual no contexto europeu. Para tanto, partimos da noção mais ampla de “instituições primárias”, parte do léxico da denominada Escola Inglesa (EI) de Relações Internacionais (RI), e, mais especificamente, da candidata a instituição primária que parece ter maior poder de constranger as demais – o great power management. A partir da comparação entre duas importantes potências europeias – Alemanha e França – a primeira fora, no que tange o poder de veto, da institucionalidade internacional core de great power management e a segunda inserida nessa mesma institucionalidade -, busca-se verificar de que forma ambas traduzem o denominado “novo humanitarismo” como mecanismo de gestão internacional ao responderem, ainda que diferentemente, à percepção crescente de que a Europa enfrenta contemporaneamente uma crise de refugiados.
TWICTHPLAYSPOKEMON COMO EXPERIMENTO DA CULTURA PARTICIPATIVA
Authors: Mesquita Dario , Nesteriuk Sérgio 
Published: May 2020

Este artigo discute o canal TwicthPlaysPokemon, do serviço de vídeo sob demanda Twicth.TV, pela ótica da cultura participativa, em que jogos da franquia Pokémon são modificados para funcionar sob uma plataforma de vídeo hackeada por usuários. Para tanto, é feito um estudo sobre o conceito de cultura participativa e convergência de mídia, para posteriormente abordar a prática do hack e do modding no contexto do objeto de estudo.
L’exposition prénatale à l’alcool et aux drogues chez des bébés signalés en protection de l’enfance à la naissance
Authors: Nadeau Danielle , Bussières Ève-Line , Servot Sabrina , Simard Marie-Claude , Muckle Gina , Paradis France 
Published: May 2020

La consommation maternelle de substances psychoactives à potentiel tératogène durant la grossesse demeure mal documentée, malgré son impact négatif sur le développement de l’enfant à naître. Chez les familles évoluant au sein de conditions de vie adverses, le risque d’exposition prénatale à ces substances serait tel que l’urgence d’un dépistage hâtif s’impose en santé publique. Cette étude documente la prévalence et la nature de l’exposition prénatale à l’alcool et aux drogues chez une cohorte de bébés (N = 340) dont la situation a été signalée aux autorités à leur naissance. Près de la moitié de ces enfants (n = 176) furent exposés. Les liens entre la consommation maternelle, les motifs légaux d’intervention et le placement de l’enfant dans ses trois premières années de vie sont examinés. Les résultats sont discutés de façon à aider les travailleurs sociaux à mieux repérer ces situations et moduler les interventions conséquentes.
Associative Engines
Authors: Clark Andy 
Published: May 2020

Clark charts a fundamental shift from a static, inner-code-oriented conception of the subject matter of cognitive science to a more dynamic, developmentally rich, process-oriented view.
Connectionist approaches, Andy Clark argues, are driving cognitive science toward a radical reconception of its explanatory endeavor. At the heart of this reconception lies a shift toward a new and more deeply developmental vision of the mind—a vision that has important implications for the philosophical and psychological understanding of the nature of concepts, of mental causation, and of representational change.
Combining philosophical argument, empirical results, and interdisciplinary speculations, Clark charts a fundamental shift from a static, inner-code-oriented conception of the subject matter of cognitive science to a more dynamic, developmentally rich, process-oriented view. Clark argues that this shift makes itself felt in two main ways. First, structured representations are seen as the products of temporally extended cognitive activity and not as the representational bedrock (an innate symbol system or language of thought) upon which all learning is based. Second, the relation between thoughts (as described by folk psychology) and inner computational states is loosened as a result of the fragmented and distributed nature of the connectionist representation of concepts.
Other issues Clark raises include the nature of innate knowledge, the conceptual commitments of folk psychology, and the use and abuse of higher-level analyses of connectionist networks.
Bradford Books imprint
Explaining Behavior
Authors: Dretske Fred 
Published: May 2020

Why do human beings move? In this lucid portrayal of human behavior, Fred Dretske provides an original account of the way reasons function in the causal explanation of behavior. Biological science investigates what makes our bodies move in the way they do. Psychology is interested in why persons—agents with reasons—move in the way they do. Dretske attempts to reconcile these different points of view by showing how reasons operate in a world of causes. He reveals in detail how the character of our inner states—what we believe, desire, and intend—determines what we do.
Bradford Books imprint
In Critical Condition
Authors: Fodor Jerry A. 
Published: May 2020

In this book Jerry Fodor contrasts his views about the mind with those of a number of well-known philosophers and cognitive scientists, including John McDowell, Christopher Peacocke, Paul Churchland, Daniel Dennett, Paul Smolensky, and Richard Dawkins.
In this book Jerry Fodor contrasts his views about the mind with those of a number of well-known philosophers and cognitive scientists, including John McDowell, Christopher Peacocke, Paul Churchland, Daniel Dennett, Paul Smolensky, and Richard Dawkins. Several of these essays are published here for the first time. The rest originated as book reviews in the Times Literary Supplement, the London Review of Books, or in journals of philosophy or psychology. The topics examined include cognitive architecture, the nature of concepts, and the status of Darwinism in psychology. Fodor constructs a version of the Representational Theory of Mind that blends Intentional Realism, Computational Reductionism, Nativism, and Semantic Atomism.
Bradford Books imprint
An Introduction to Natural Computation
Authors: Ballard Dana H. 
Published: May 2020

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the computational material that forms the underpinnings of the currently evolving set of brain models.
It is now clear that the brain is unlikely to be understood without recourse to computational theories. The theme of An Introduction to Natural Computation is that ideas from diverse areas such as neuroscience, information theory, and optimization theory have recently been extended in ways that make them useful for describing the brains programs. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the computational material that forms the underpinnings of the currently evolving set of brain models. It stresses the broad spectrum of learning models—ranging from neural network learning through reinforcement learning to genetic learning—and situates the various models in their appropriate neural context.
To write about models of the brain before the brain is fully understood is a delicate matter. Very detailed models of the neural circuitry risk losing track of the task the brain is trying to solve. At the other extreme, models that represent cognitive constructs can be so abstract that they lose all relationship to neurobiology. An Introduction to Natural Computation takes the middle ground and stresses the computational task while staying near the neurobiology.
Bradford Books imprint
An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Mitchell Melanie 
Published: May 2020

Genetic algorithms have been used in science and engineering as adaptive algorithms for solving practical problems and as computational models of natural evolutionary systems. This brief, accessible introduction describes some of the most interesting research in the field and also enables readers to implement and experiment with genetic algorithms on their own. It focuses in depth on a small set of important and interesting topics—particularly in machine learning, scientific modeling, and artificial life—and reviews a broad span of research, including the work of Mitchell and her colleagues.
The descriptions of applications and modeling projects stretch beyond the strict boundaries of computer science to include dynamical systems theory, game theory, molecular biology, ecology, evolutionary biology, and population genetics, underscoring the exciting "general purpose" nature of genetic algorithms as search methods that can be employed across disciplines.
An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms is accessible to students and researchers in any scientific discipline. It includes many thought and computer exercises that build on and reinforce the reader's understanding of the text. The first chapter introduces genetic algorithms and their terminology and describes two provocative applications in detail. The second and third chapters look at the use of genetic algorithms in machine learning (computer programs, data analysis and prediction, neural networks) and in scientific models (interactions among learning, evolution, and culture; sexual selection; ecosystems; evolutionary activity). Several approaches to the theory of genetic algorithms are discussed in depth in the fourth chapter. The fifth chapter takes up implementation, and the last chapter poses some currently unanswered questions and surveys prospects for the future of evolutionary computation.
Bradford Books imprint