bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ekstrak Daun Mengkudu dan Daun Pepaya Sebagai Larvasida Alami terhadap Kematian Larva Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti
Authors: Martias Indra , Simbolon Veronika Amelia 
Published: October 2020

Penggunaan larvasida kimiawi yang digunakan untuk mengontrol aedes aegypti telah menimbulkan populasi yang resistensi, sehingga dibutuhkan dosis yang lebih tinggi. Namun hal ini memiliki efek toksik bagi manusia, hewan, serta lingkungan. Larvasida alami merupakan larvasida yang dibuat dari tanaman yang mempunyai kandungan beracun terhadap serangga pada stadium larva dan tidak menimbulkan efek samping terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan dari ekstrak daun mengkudu, daun papaya dan kombinasi keduanya dalam mengendalikan larva Aedes aegypti. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorium dengan desain Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Objek penelitian adalah larva Aedes aegypti sebanyak 400 larva. Uji dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok dengan dua kali pengulangan. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan jumlah kematian larva pada pengulangan I dan II sedangkan rata-rata PH air, suhu air dan kelembaban udara tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak daun mengkudu dan daun pepaya lebih efektif sebagai larvasida alami untuk kematian larva Aedes. Disarankan melakukan analisis probit untuk mendapatkan nilai toksisitas (daya racun) terhadap serangga percobaan dan pengujian terhadap insektisida kimiawi sebagai pembanding (kontrol) terhadap insektisida alami.
Association of Admission Temperature and Outcome among Neonates with Sepsis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shirin Mahfuza , Hossain M Monir , Afrin Manifa 
Published: October 2020

Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of mortality in neonates. Hypothermia is also an important contributing factor of neonatal mortality. Neonates with sepsis can present with normal temperature, hypo or hyperthermia.
Objectives: This study was design to find out the pattern of temperature on admission and its association with mortality among neonates admitted with sepsis.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to April 2018 in the Department of Neonatal Medicine and NICU, Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital. Neonates up to thirty days of age, diagnosed as probable sepsis were enrolled. On admission, axillary temperature was recorded for 3 minutes and neonates were categorized according to the recorded temperature. Neonates were classified as early onset sepsis (EOS) and late onset sepsis (LOS) according to the age of onset of the sepsis. Outcome was also recorded. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS program version 25. Chi-square (X2) test was done to determine the association and p value, <0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Among 493 enrolled neonates, 41.2% neonates were with early onset sepsis (EOS) and 58.8% were with late onset sepsis (LOS). Out of 493 neonates, 89(18.1%) died. Among the enrolled neonates, 54.4% had normal temperature, 16.6% had mild hypothermia, 14.6% had moderate hypothermia and 14.4% had hyperthermia. It was found that mild and moderate hypothermia were significantly more in EOS(p<0.05). Mortality was significantly high in neonates with mild and moderate hypothermia (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study found that mortality was associated with mild and moderate hypothermia in neonates admitted with sepsis.
DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 150-155
Cephalometric features of connective tissue dysplasia manifestation in children and adolescents
Authors: Davydov B. N. , Domenyuk D. A. , Dmitrienko S. V. , Kondratyeva T. A. , Harutyunyan Yu. S. 
Published: October 2020

Relevance. The high prevalence of dysplastic disorders involving connective tissue, and its negative effecton the development of dentoalveolar anomalies, carious and non-carious lesions of the teeth, periodontopathy, temporomandibular joint issues in the child population, lay the basis for improving diagnostics algorithms. Enhancing the already available standards is of greatest importance for children at the initial stages of diagnostics when evaluating the external signs of dysplastic disorders.Purpose – improving diagnostics algorithms for connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) in children in primary dental care facilities based on the evaluation of external phenotype signs and maxillofacial morphological features.Materials and methods. Depending on the external phenotype manifestations severity, as well as on laboratory, clinical and instrumental signs, the 92 children with CTD were divided into groups with mild, moderate and severe degrees of undifferentiated dysplasia. Gnathometric and biometric examinations of the maxillofacial area were performed through traditional methods, whereas the diagnosis was set following the generally accepted classifications. The diagnosis confirmation implied evaluation through cone beam computed imaging.Results. The nature and the intensity of morphofunctional disorders in the craniofacial structures (“small” stigmas) depend on the severity of connective tissue dysplastic disorders.Conclusions. The change direction vector in the facial and brain parts of cranium in children with CTD is aimed at increasing hypoplastic tendencies and dolichocephalia, proof to that being the following constitutional and morphological features: the prevalence of the vertical type of face skeleton growth over the horizontal and neutral ones; a convex face profile with a disproportionate general heights of the face skeleton; reduction of latitudinal with an increase in altitude facial parameters; a narrow short branch of the lower jaw; the upper jaw displaced downwards and forward; a decrease in the size of the apical basis of the lower dentition, the lower jaw body, as well as the height and width of the lower jaw branches.
Comprehensive approach to treatment of malocclusion in children with different degree of caries resistance
Authors: Ippolitov Yu. A. , Bondareva E. N. , Kovalenko M. E. , Zolotareva E. Yu. , Tatarintsev M. M. 
Published: October 2020

Relevance.Skeletal malocclusion stands at the head of all oral diseases and is encountered in 32-35% of children and adolescents in Russia [7;12;15]. The number of malocclusions has increase due to various reasons, one of which is early extraction of deciduous carious teeth resulting in impaired vertical dimension and occlusion of teeth [1;14]. Diagnosis with due regard to caries resistance degree and planning of respective operative and orthodontic treatment are indispensable in children with skeletal malocclusion. Purpose– to increase effectiveness of functional treatment of malocclusion in children with various degree of caries resistance.Materials and methods.There were examined 108 patients aged between 6 and 16 with Class I malocclusion according to Angle, abnormal arch-to-arch relationship and tooth position and various degree of caries resistance. 4 groups were formed: high, sufficient mean, decreased mean and low caries resistance of dental enamel. Intensity of carious process was detected in all patients before and after orthodontic treatment. The effectiveness of reminerlization administered by removable orthodontic appliances was evaluated by electrometrical testing of hard dental tissue. Surface EMG was used to assess normalization of tone of maxillofacial muscles in children by average amplitude of biopotentials of superficial masseter and temporalis muscles.Results.Сhanges in caries intensity in children after treatment with removable orthodontic aligners indicate the necessity for remineralization of hard dental tissues during orthodontic treatment and it is confirmed by decrease of electroconductivity of enamel in children with sufficient mean, decreased mean and low degree of dental enamel caries resistance. Increase of biopotential mean amplitude during «total mastication» for masseter and temporal muscles confirms effectiveness of preformed elastic positioner along with myodynamic exercises.Conclusions.The conducted study proves the necessity of comprehensive approach with procedures increasing the degree of caries resistance of hard dental tissues during orthodontic treatment of skeletal malocclusion in children.
Tumors of the orofacial zone in children and adolescents (literature review)
Authors: Zhukovskaya E. V. , Obukhov Yu. A. , Karelin A. F. 
Published: October 2020

Relevance.The relevance of the literature review presented by the authors is due to the diversity and complexity of the differential diagnosis of tumors of the orofacial zone in children and adolescents. Against the background of the absolute predominance of benign neoplasms, about 10-20% falls on the share of malignant neoplasms in this area. In this regard, polyclinic specialists often do not show sufficient oncological alertness, which leads to an unjustified lengthening of the diagnostic period and late diagnosis of malignant neoplasms.The purposeof the literature review is to discuss the results of studies on the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of the tumor process in the orofacial zone in children and adolescents.Materials and methods.The searching of publications on the subject of the review were performed in the databases: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, https://elibrary.ru/cit_title_items.asp, https://www.researchgate.net/, https://elibrary.ru/. The authors describe the clinical manifestations of tumors depending on the location of the lesion and histological affiliation. The initial symptoms of both malignant and benign neoplasms are often nonspecific. Prevailing benign neoplasms can only be treated by surgery. Much less often in children and adolescents, malignant neoplasms are also found: squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, Langerhans cell histiocytosis and others, which are treated in accordance with the principles of complex / combined anticancer therapy, including courses to minimize the amount of rehabilitation. Results.Timely diagnosis and prevention of the development of neoplasms in the orofacial area can reduce the severity of morphological and functional disorders in children and adolescents. Despite the use of effective methods of surgical or combination therapy, many need rehabilitation measures.Conclusions.The optimal position of a pediatrician, therapist, dentist, or surgeon at the stage of tumor diagnosis should be the implementation of oncological alertness, which implies an active approach without long-term "dynamic observation" of patients. Oncological alertness, especially among dentists, will improve the results of antitumor therapy in patients with Orofacial tumors.
Actual issues of modern salivalogy (in memory of V.V. Lobeiko, PhD)
Authors: Iordanishvili A. K. , Maksyuta D. A. 
Published: October 2020

Relevance. In clinical practice, dentists often encounter diseases of the salivary glands, and their hypofunction adversely affects the self-cleaning and hygiene of the oral cavity, contributing to the development and progression of the inflammatory pathology of periodontal and oral mucosa. The goal is to present a contribution to the modern dentistry of the candidate of medical sciences Valery Valerievich Lobeyko, in connection with his death on April 14, 2020.Materials and methods. Based on the analysis of life, military and professional activities, as well as scientific works of V.V. Lobeiko highlight research on salivalogy and other aspects of modern dentistry.Results. The scientific, clinical and pedagogical work of the dentist and maxillofacial surgeon Valery Valerievich Lobeyko, his contribution to the study of the morphological and functional characteristics of the parotid gland is normal, under the influence of factors of aircraft flight, against the background of pharmacological correction, as well as to the solution of the difficult problem of dentistry in the treatment of salivary diseases glands in the elderly. Particular attention is paid to the results of his research in salivalogy, as well as to little-known areas of his scientific work in the field of military dentistry and gerontostomatology.Conclusions. Scientific works of V.V. Lobeiko entered the domestic military medicine and dentistry, and their results will be used by dentists for a long time to come.
Inspiring Rural High School Students to Consider Careers in Medicine and the Health Professions
Authors: Dunn Morgan Cari , Saks Norma Susswein 
Published: October 2020

The United States is experiencing a physician shortage and rural areas are especially impacted. Programs exist to recruit college and medical students to work in rural areas, but few programs are focused on the high school “pipeline.” Medical students, residents and physicians who have lived in rural areas are more likely to practice in those areas. This article describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a workshop to educate rural high school students about preparing for health professions careers. Evaluations of the workshop were positive and indicated increased knowledge and interest in careers in medicine and health professions. It is somewhat promising that even a brief educational program has the potential to increase interest of rural high school students to pursue medical or health professions careers, and perhaps ultimately increase the number of those practicing in rural areas. The authors discuss limitations and suggest changes for future workshop presentations.
Freedom versus the Law. Authority and Freedom in Russian Political Thought
Authors: Marciniak Włodzimierz 
Published: October 2020

Author presents reflection on the evolution of political terms and notions throughout Russian history. In this study, as its main focus is the reconstruction of the development process of concepts and notions pertaining to the political whole. Nevertheless, these issues do surface in the context of conceptualizing the political community, as an important aspect of both political organization and political action. In Russia, certain concepts pertaining to some aspects of freedom did develop, but what never emerged was the general idea of freedom as the central political issue. On the other hand, the issue of authority emerged as an independent field of thought, as a result of the despotic and anti-despotic interpretations of terms used to describe the political system (following terms: freedom and power, authority and political community).
The Myths of a European Constitution
Authors: Nogal Agnieszka 
Published: October 2020

Is the European Constitution a modern version of political myth? The ample collection of European laws have become the normative basis for the functioning and existence of an enormous amount of different kinds of institutions. These laws particularly limit the power of State authority in the Member States. International law has taken on the character of external obligation, an issue that could be discussed elsewhere in the area of philosophical law, which precisely aims to cover this sphere of reality. What are arguments for and against the description of a European order with reference to this concept? The aim of this article is to present European constitutional ideas and an analysis of the Draft of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe from the point of view of the changes the European constitution has introduced into the discourse of philosophical law.
Plaga bezprawia. Wojna domowa i paradoks władzy suwerennej
Authors: Pospiszyl Michał 
Published: October 2020

This paper consists of three parts. The first is devoted to the role of the Athenian plague in Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War. There are indications that the civil war that broke out in the country, weakened by plague, was not simply the result of a historical and degraded human nature. Instead of using evil human nature as the key for understanding each social conflict, I suggest interpreting the Athenian civil war (stasis) as a symptom of non-egalitarian social relations. The second part of the paper is devoted to the birth of modern capitalism and the analysis of Thomas Hobbes’ philosophy. An English philosopher, Hobbes not only translated The History of the Peloponnesian War, but was also an author who treated the reality of modern civil wars as a principal point of reference. Hobbes created his philosophy mainly as a result of fearing a conflict that could undermine the existing division of power and wealth. The result of this fear was a mechanism that I refer to as the paradox of sovereign power. It was a process during which the authority that had been established to defend society against lawlessness and chaos dominated the social life, not respecting existing laws and customs, and thus creating the very world it was supposed to protect the people from. The third part is devoted to Walter Benjamin’s criticism of sovereign power. Observing the same processes as Hobbes did, the German philosopher viewed them from the inside (i.e., from the perspective of the victims of modern progress, the same view that aroused fear in the author of Leviathan). Benjamin argued that the social order established at the threshold of modernity was built on unlawful violence (primitive accumulation) and that the condition for its duration was the permanent reproduction of this lawlessness (hence, the thesis of the state of emergency, which has become the rule). According to Benjamin, this vicious circle of violence can only be escaped by recovering the memory of folk traditions, past class struggles, lost revolutions and social systems that, like the Paris Commune, pose the possibility of life liberated from the yoke.
Wpływ kultury i kapitału społecznego na proces demokratyzacji
Authors: Kukla Agnieszka 
Published: October 2020

The goal of this article is to compare selected non-political factors affecting the implementation of democratic standards and structures. The first part presents concepts regarding the meaning of culture and economic development in the process of democratization. The definition of culture is presented within various research frameworks. An attempt is made to set/define a relationship between the phenomenon discussed and existing cultural and economic differences. The second part of this paper presents selected concepts of social capital with particular emphasis on Francis Fukuyama’s concept. An attempt is made to show an interaction between the process of democratization and social capital.
Obce jako wspólne. Na marginesie lektury Herodota
Authors: Gładziuk Nina 
Published: October 2020

The Histories by Herodotus can also be read as a work on xenology, which helps to show how what came to be Hellenic emerged from what was foreign in the early stages of Hellenic culture development. Greek civilization, which was the first to formulate cosmopolitan ideas, owed much of its genius to the extraterritorial nature of the sea. It is thanks to the sea that the civilization, and its Athenian variant in particular, evolved into a lifestyle that could be adapted anywhere. One of its essential features was the permanent experience of the foreign, both in terms of contact with what was foreign and of being foreign oneself.
Direct observation of contact potential distributions of wafer-bonded p-GaAs/n-GaN and p-GaAs/n-Si by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy
Authors: Xing Zhiwei , Yang Wenxian , Zhao Yukun , Long Junhua , Li Xuefei , Dai Pan , Lai Junqi , Chen Qi , Bian Lifeng , Uchida Shiro , Lu Shulong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Electrical properties of the wafer bonding p-GaAs/n-GaN, p-GaAs/n-Si and p-GaAs/ITO//ITO/n-Si are investigated systematically by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), capacitance–voltage (C–V) and current–voltage (I–V) measurements. By using KPFM, the contact potential distributions and contact barrier differences of these bonding heterojunctions with Schottky-like characteristics or ohmic feature have been obtained. The contact barrier differences measured by KPFM match well with those measured by C–V. These barriers indicate the thicker interface layer has a larger barrier height, which could contain more interface states. The I–V curve of the heterostructure with the smaller contact barrier difference is shown as an Ohmic contact feature. In contrast, the I–V curve of the junction with the larger contact barrier difference shows a Schottky contact behavior with a larger turn-on voltage. These behaviors indicate that the electrical conductivity of the bonding sample depends on the bonding interface layer significantly.
METHODS FOR EVALUATING THE STABILITY OF WINTER TRITICALE TO DRY CONDITIONS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS PIEDMONT
Authors: Манукян И.Р. , Басиева М.А. , Мирошникова Е.С. , Гасиев В.И. , Абиева Т.С. 
Published: October 2020

Северо-Кавказский регион производит пятую часть зерна в России. Получать стабильные высокие урожаи озимой тритикале в этом регионе не позволяют частые засухи. Их вероятность составляет 25-50 %. Кроме того, почти ежегодно, во второй половине вегетации посевы озимых зерновых в той или иной степени испытывают отрицательное воздействие дефицита влаги. Основным условием преодоления отрицательного влияния неблагоприятных факторов среды является создание и внедрение в производство высокопродуктивных и адаптированных к местным условиям сортов. В статье приведены результаты лабораторных и полевых исследований селекционного материала озимой тритикале на засухоустойчивость и продуктивность. Определение устойчивости растений к дефициту влаги проводили по способности семян прорастать на высокоосмотических растворах сахарозы. Оценка засухоустойчивости в полевых условиях проводилась по продуктивности сортов, в разные по влагообеспеченности годы, с использованием различных статистических методов. По результатам проведенных исследований относительной засухоустойчивостью и стабильной продуктивностью характеризовались сортообразцы: Гренадо, Гор, ПРАГ 506. Рекомендуются наиболее информативные и объективные методы оценки селекционного материала на засухоустойчивость. К ним относятся: лабораторный метод проращивания семян на осмотических растворах сахарозы и прямой способ расчета засухоустойчивости по индексу продуктивности растений.
The North Caucasus region produces a fifth of the grain in Russia. Frequent droughts do not allow stable high yields of winter triticale in this region. Their probability is 25-50 %. In addition, almost every year in the second half of the growing season, winter grain crops experience a negative effect of moisture deficiency. The main condition for overcoming the negative impact of adverse environmental factors is the creation and introduction of highly productive and adapted to local conditions varieties into production. The article presents the results of laboratory and field studies of the breeding material of winter triticale for drought resistance and productivity. Determination of plant resistance to moisture deficiency was carried out by the ability of seeds to germinate on highly osmotic solutions of sucrose. Assessment of drought resistance in the field was carried out by the productivity of varieties, in different years of moisture availability, using various statistical methods. According to the results of studies, the relative drought resistance and stable productivity were characterized by the varieties: Grenado, Gor, PRAG 506. The most informative and objective methods for assessing breeding material for drought resistance are recommended. These include: the laboratory method of seed germination on osmotic solutions of sucrose and a direct method for calculating drought resistance by the plant productivity index.