bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warmer nights offer no respite for a defensive mutualism
Authors: Higashi Clesson H. V. , Barton Brandon T. , Oliver Kerry M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Ecologically relevant symbioses are widespread in terrestrial arthropods but based on recent findings these specialized interactions are likely to be especially vulnerable to climate warming. Importantly, empirical data and climate models indicate that warming is occurring asynchronously, with night‐time temperatures increasing faster than daytime temperatures. Daytime (DTW) and night‐time warming (NTW) may impact ectothermic animals and their interactions differently as DTW results in greater daily temperature variation and moves organisms nearer to their thermal limits, while NTW avoids thermal limits and may relieve constraints of cooler night‐time temperatures; a nuance that has largely been ignored in the literature.
In laboratory experiments, we investigated how the timing of warming influences a widespread defensive mutualism involving the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, and its heritable symbiont, Hamiltonella defensa, which protects against an important natural enemy, the parasitic wasp Aphidius ervi.
Three aphid sublines were experimentally created from single aphid genotype susceptible to A. ervi: one line infected with a highly protective H. defensa strain, one infected with a moderately protective strain and one without any facultative symbiont. We examined aphid fitness in the presence and absence of parasitoids and when exposed to an average 2.5°C increase occurring across three warming scenarios (night‐time vs. daytime vs. uniform) relative to no‐warming controls.
An increase of 2.5°C, as predicted to occur by the IPCC before 2100, was sufficient to disable the aphid defensive mutualism regardless of the timing of warming; a surprising result given that the daily maxima for control and NTW scenarios were identical. We also found that warming negatively impacted (a) symbiont‐mediated interactions between host and parasitoid more than symbiont‐free ones; (b) species interactions (host–parasitoid) more than each participant independently and (c) aphids more than parasitoids even though higher trophic levels are generally predicted to be more affected by warming.
Here we show that 2.5°C warming, regardless of timing, negatively impacted a common microbe‐mediated defensive mutualism. While this was a laboratory‐based study, results suggest that temperature increases predicted in the near‐term may disrupt the many ecological symbioses present in terrestrial ecosystems.
Abruptly and irreversibly changing Arctic freshwaters urgently require standardized monitoring
Authors: Heino Jani , Culp Joseph M. , Erkinaro Jaakko , Goedkoop Willem , Lento Jennifer , Rühland Kathleen M. , Smol John P. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Arctic regions support a wide variety of freshwater ecosystems. These naturally oligotrophic and cold‐water streams, rivers, ponds and lakes are currently being impacted by a diverse range of anthropogenic pressures, such as accelerated climate change, permafrost thaw, land‐use change, eutrophication, brownification and the replacement of northern biota with the range expansion of more southern species.

Multiple stressors are rapidly changing Arctic freshwater systems as aquatic habitats are becoming more suitable for species originating from more southerly regions and thereby threatening biota adapted to cold waters. The livelihoods of Indigenous Peoples of the north will be altered when ecosystem services associated with changes in biodiversity are affected. Unfortunately, monitoring of biodiversity change in Arctic freshwaters is currently inadequate, making it difficult, if not impossible, to predict changes in ecosystem services.

Synthesis and applications. We propose a three‐step approach to better address and facilitate monitoring of the rapid ecological changes that Arctic freshwater ecosystems are currently experiencing as a result of climate change. First, we should increase our efforts in the monitoring of freshwaters across all Arctic countries by setting up a network of monitoring sites and devoting more effort to a broad‐scale baseline survey using standardized methods. Second, we should enhance modelling efforts to include both ecological change and socio‐economic development. These models should help pinpoint species, ecosystems and geographical areas that are likely to show abrupt changes in response to any changes. Third, we should increase interaction among scientists, policymakers and different stakeholder groups. In particular, Indigenous Peoples must be involved in the leadership, planning and execution of monitoring and assessment activities of Arctic freshwaters. The proposed approach, which is critical to detecting the effects of climate change in the circumpolar region, has broader applications for global coordination of Arctic freshwater biomonitoring. Through routine monitoring, standardization of methods, enhanced modelling of integrated scientific and socio‐economic change, and increased collaboration within and among sectors, more effective monitoring and management of climate change impacts on freshwater biodiversity will be possible in the Arctic and globally.
Community‐level interactions between plants and soil biota during range expansion
Authors: Koorem Kadri , Snoek Basten L. , Bloem Janneke , Geisen Stefan , Kostenko Olga , Manrubia Marta , Ramirez Kelly S. , Weser Carolin , Wilschut Rutger A. , van der Putten Wim H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Plant species that expand their range in response to current climate change will encounter soil communities that may hinder, allow or even facilitate plant performance. It has been shown repeatedly for plant species originating from other continents that these plants are less hampered by soil communities from the new than from the original range. However, information about the interactions between intra‐continental range expanders and soil communities is sparse, especially at community level.

Here we used a plant–soil feedback experiment approach to examine if the interactions between range expanders and soil communities change during range expansion. We grew communities of range‐expanding and native plant species with soil communities originating from the original and new range of range expanders. In these conditioned soils, we determined the composition of fungi and bacteria by high‐throughput amplicon sequencing of the ITS region and the 16S rRNA gene respectively. Nematode community composition was determined by microscopy‐based morphological identification. Then we tested how these soil communities influence the growth of subsequent communities of range expanders and natives.

We found that after the conditioning phase soil bacterial, fungal and nematode communities differed by origin and by conditioning plant communities. Despite differences in bacterial, fungal and nematode communities between original and new range, soil origin did not influence the biomass production of plant communities. Both native and range expanding plant communities produced most above‐ground biomass in soils that were conditioned by plant communities distantly related to them.

Synthesis. Communities of range‐expanding plant species shape specific soil communities in both original and new range soil. Plant–soil interactions of range expanders in communities can be similar to the ones of their closely related native plant species.
‘Too Much, too Indigestible, too Fast’? The Decades of Struggle for Abortion Law Reform in Northern Ireland
Authors: Sheldon Sally , O'Neill Jane , Parker Clare , Davis Gayle 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn July 2019, the UK Parliament voted by an overwhelming majority for fundamental reform of Northern Ireland's archaic abortion laws. Regulations implementing the reform came into effect on 25 March 2020. Drawing on extensive archival resources and a small number of interviews, we locate this extraordinary political moment in a broader historical context. We explore the factors that blocked the possibility of reform in either Westminster or Stormont for over five decades and consider what it was that had changed in 2019 to render it possible. While the measure passed in Westminster represents a radical rupture with the past, we suggest that it was anything other than sudden, rather representing the culmination of decades of sustained campaigning. We conclude by briefly discussing what this change is likely to mean for the future.
Effect of progestogen for women with threatened miscarriage: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li L , Zhang Y , Tan H , Bai Y , Fang F , Faramand A , Chong W , Hai Y 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThreatened miscarriage is a common complication of pregnancy. Results of randomised controlled trials on the efficacy of progestogen in the treatment of threatened miscarriage remain inconsistent.ObjectiveTo investigate whether the use of progestogen is associated with improved event rate of live birth and other benefits in women with threatened miscarriage.Search strategyOvid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials from their inception until 8 July 2019.Selection criteriaRandomised controlled trials comparing progestogen with a placebo or no treatment for pregnancy outcomes in women with threatened miscarriage.Data collection and analysisTwo authors independently conducted data extraction and assessed study quality. We calculated risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals using the Mantel–Haenszel approach for dichotomous outcomes.Main resultsTen trials with a total of 5056 participants were eligible for analysis. The use of progesterone increased the incidence of live birth (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00–1.15; P = 0.04; I2 = 18%), with benefit only seen with the use of oral progestogen (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04–1.31; P = 0.008; I2 = 0%) and not with vaginal progesterone (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.08; P = 0.07; I2 = 0%). Similarly, progestogen reduced the risk of miscarriage (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.59–0.92), with benefit only seen with oral progestogen and not with vaginal progesterone.ConclusionProgestogens may have benefits on live birth rate and miscarriage rate for women with threatened miscarriage. These benefits appear to be confined to the use of oral progestogen, and no statistically significant improvements were seen with vaginal progesterone.Tweetable abstractA meta‐analysis of 10 trials found that progestogens increased live birth rates and reduced miscarriage rates for women with threatened miscarriage.
Radiation dose escalation with modified fractionation schedules for locally advanced NSCLC: A systematic review
Authors: Zehentmayr Franz , Grambozov Brane , Kaiser Julia , Fastner Gerd , Sedlmayer Felix 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConcomitant chemo‐radiotherapy (cCRT) with 60 Gy in 30 fractions is the standard of care for stage 111 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With a median overall survival of 28.7 months at best and maximum locoregional control rates of 70% at two years, the prognosis for these patients is still dismal. This systematic review summarizes data on dose escalation by alternative fractionation, which has been explored as a primary strategy to improve both local control and overall survival over the past three decades. A Pubmed literature search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Because of the large variety of radiation regimens total doses were converted to EQD2,T. Only studies using an EQD2,T of at least 49.5 Gy, which corresponds to the conventional 60 Gy in six weeks, were included. In a total of 3256 patients, the median OS was 17 months (range 7.4–30 months). While OS was better for patients treated after the year 2000 (P = 0.003) or with a mandatory 18F‐FDG‐PET‐CT in the diagnostic work‐up (P = 0.001), treatment sequence did not make a difference (P = 0.106). The most commonly reported toxicity was acute esophagitis (AE) with a median rate of 24% (range 0%–84%). AE increased at a rate of 0.5% per Gy increment in EQD2,T (P = 0.016). Dose escalation above the conventional 60 Gy using modified radiation fractionation schedules and shortened OTT yield similar mOS and LRC regardless of treatment sequence with a significant EQD2,T dependent increase in AE.Key pointsSignificant findings
Modified radiation dose escalation sequentially combined with chemotherapy yields similar outcome as concomitant treatment.
OS is better with the mandatory inclusion of FDG‐PET‐CT in the diagnostic work‐up.
The risk of acute esophagitis increases with higher EQD2,T.
What this study adds
Chemo‐radiotherapy (CRT) with modified dose escalation regimens yields OS and LC rates in the range of standard therapy regardless of treatment sequence. This broadens the database of curative options in patients who are not eligible concomitant CRT.
Systematic age‐, organ‐, and diet‐associated ionome remodeling and the development of ionomic aging clocks
Authors: Zhang Bohan , Podolskiy Dmitriy I. , Mariotti Marco , Seravalli Javier , Gladyshev Vadim N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAging involves coordinated yet distinct changes in organs and systems throughout life, including changes in essential trace elements. However, how aging affects tissue element composition (ionome) and how these changes lead to dysfunction and disease remain unclear. Here, we quantified changes in the ionome across eight organs and 16 age groups of mice. This global profiling revealed novel interactions between elements at the level of tissue, age, and diet, and allowed us to achieve a broader, organismal view of the aging process. We found that while the entire ionome steadily transitions along the young‐to‐old trajectory, individual organs are characterized by distinct element changes. The ionome of mice on calorie restriction (CR) moved along a similar but shifted trajectory, pointing that at the organismal level this dietary regimen changes metabolism in order to slow down aging. However, in some tissues CR mimicked a younger state of control mice. Even though some elements changed with age differently in different tissues, in general aging was characterized by the reduced levels of elements as well as their increased variance. The dataset we prepared also allowed to develop organ‐specific, ionome‐based markers of aging that could help monitor the rate of aging. In some tissues, these markers reported the lifespan‐extending effect of CR. These aging biomarkers have the potential to become an accessible tool to test the age‐modulating effects of interventions.
Do fetal extravillous trophoblasts circulate in maternal blood postpartum?
Authors: van de Looij Anne , Singh Ripudaman , Hatt Lotte , Ravn Katarina , Jeppesen Line D. , Nicolaisen Bolette H. , Kølvraa Mathias , Vogel Ida , Schelde Palle , Uldbjerg Niels 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionCirculating fetal extravillous trophoblasts may offer a superior alternative to cell‐free fetal DNA for noninvasive prenatal testing. Cells of fetal origin are a pure source of fetal genome; hence, unlike the cell‐free noninvasive prenatal test, the fetal cell‐based noninvasive prenatal test is not expected to be affected by maternal DNA. However, circulating fetal cells from previous pregnancies may lead to confounding results.Material and methodsTo study whether fetal trophoblast cells persist in maternal circulation postpartum, blood samples were collected from 11 women who had given birth to a boy, with blood sampling at 1‐3 days (W0), 4‐5 weeks (W4‐5), around 8 weeks (W8) and around 12 weeks (W12) postpartum. The existence of fetal extravillous trophoblasts was verified either by X and Y chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis or by short tandem repeat analysis. To exclude technological bias in isolating fetal cells, blood samples were also collected from 10 pregnant women between a gestational age of 10 and 14 weeks, the optimal time frame for cell‐based noninvasive prenatal test sampling. All the samples were processed according to protocols established by ARCEDI Biotech for fetal extravillous trophoblast enrichment and isolation.ResultsFetal extravillous trophoblasts were found in all the 10 samples from pregnant women between a gestational age of 10 and 14 weeks. However, only 4 of 11 blood samples taken from women at 1‐3 days postpartum rendered fetal extravillous trophoblasts, and only 2 of 11 samples rendered fetal extravillous trophoblasts at 4 weeks postpartum.ConclusionsIn this preliminary dataset on few pregnancies, none of the samples rendered any fetal cells at or after 8 weeks postpartum, showing that cell‐based noninvasive prenatal testing based on fetal extravillous trophoblasts is unlikely to be influenced by circulating cells from previous pregnancies.
Comparative accuracy of ferritin, transferrin saturation and soluble transferrin receptor for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Daude Sébastien , Remen Thomas , Chateau Thomas , Danese Silvio , Gastin Isabelle , Baumann Cédric , Gueant Jean Louis , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe diagnosis of iron deficiency is based on ferritin and transferrin saturation (TfS) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, yet guideline thresholds are not evidence‐based. Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is one of the best noninvasive tests in patients with inflammation.AimsTo evaluate the accuracy of ferritin and/or TfS for diagnosing iron deficiency in IBD and identify the optimal thresholds of these parameters using sTfR as reference.MethodsTwo hundred and two patients (2072 samples) receiving at least one infusion of biologic (vedolizumab or infliximab) were included.ResultsIn ulcerative colitis patients with C‐reactive protein (CRP) <10 mg/L, optimal iron deficiency diagnostic performances were observed with ferritin and TfS thresholds of 65 µg/L (sensitivity of 0.78 and specificity of 0.76) and 16% (sensitivity of 0.79 and specificity of 0.90), respectively. For ulcerative colitis patients with CRP > 10 mg/L, the thresholds with the best diagnostic performance were 80 µg/L (sensitivity of 0.75 and a specificity of 0.82) for ferritin and 11% for TfS (sensitivity of 0.75 and a specificity of 0.82). There was no added value for combined ferritin and TfS. No ferritin or TfS threshold had good diagnostic performance in Crohn's disease patients (AUC for ferritin was 0.65 (95% CI 0.55‐0.75) and the AUC for TfS was 0.70 (95% CI 0.61‐0.78).ConclusionFerritin and TfS are reliable parameters for iron deficiency diagnosis only in ulcerative colitis patients, at thresholds different from current guidelines. In Crohn's disease patients, sTfR should be used given the poor diagnostic performance of ferritin and TfS.
Right‐Wing Populism and Climate Change Denial: The Roles of Exclusionary and Anti‐Egalitarian Preferences, Conservative Ideology, and Antiestablishment Attitudes
Authors: Jylhä Kirsti M. , Hellmer Kahl 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPopulist right‐wing politicians and voters tend to dismiss climate change. To investigate possible reasons for this, we tested correlations between climate change denial and variables linked to right‐wing populism (Study 1: N = 1,587; Study 2: N = 909). The strongest predictor of climate change denial was an index capturing exclusionary and anti‐egalitarian preferences (opposition to, e.g., multiculturalism and feminism), followed by traditional values (Study 1) and Social Dominance Orientation (Study 2). Populist antiestablishment attitudes correlated only weakly with climate change denial, and this correlation vanished when exclusionary and anti‐egalitarian preferences were controlled for. Also, the effects of authoritarianism (Study 2) and (low) openness vanished in the full models. Climate change denial did not correlate with (low) agreeableness, which is a personality trait linked to populism. However, both antiestablishment attitudes and climate change denial correlated with pseudoscientific beliefs (e.g., anti‐vaccination attitudes) (Study 1). To conclude, we did not find support for a notable linkage between climate change denial and populist antiestablishment attitudes. Thus, when addressing climate change denial, it could be more beneficial to focus on the ideological worldviews that are being protected by denial, such as endorsement of the existing societal power relations, than on the antiestablishment arguments used by some who deny.
Investigating the presence of doubly phosphorylated α‐synuclein at tyrosine 125 and serine 129 in idiopathic Lewy body diseases
Authors: Fayyad Muneera , Erskine Daniel , Majbour Nour K. , Vaikath Nishant N. , Ghanem Simona S. , Sudhakaran Indulekha P. , Abdesselem Houari , Lamprokostopoulou Agaristi , Vekrellis Kostas , Morris Christopher M. , Attems Johannes , El‐Agnaf Omar M. A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAggregation of the protein α‐synuclein (α‐syn) into insoluble intracellular assemblies termed Lewy bodies (LBs) is thought to be a critical pathogenic event in LB diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and dementia with LBs. In LB diseases, the majority of α‐syn is phosphorylated at serine 129 (pS129), suggesting that this is an important disease‐related post‐translational modification (PTM). However, PTMs do not typically occur in isolation and phosphorylation at the proximal tyrosine 125 (pY125) residue has received considerable attention and has been inconsistently reported to be present in LBs. Furthermore, the proximity of Y125 to S129 means that some pS129 antibodies may have epitopes that include Y125, in which case phosphorylation of Y125 will impede recognition of α‐syn. This would potentially lead to underestimating LB pathology burdens if pY125 occurs alongside pS129. To address the apparent controversy in the literature regarding the detection of pY125, we investigated its presence in the LB pathology. We generated pS129 antibodies whose epitope includes or does not include Y125 and compared the extent of α‐syn pathology recognized in mouse models of α‐synucleinopathies, human brain tissue lysates and fixed post‐mortem brain tissues. Our study demonstrated no difference in α‐syn pathology recognized between pS129 antibodies, irrespective of whether Y125 was part of the epitope or not. Furthermore, evaluation with pY125 antibodies whose epitope does not include S129 demonstrated no labeling of LB pathology. This study reconciles disparate results in the literature and demonstrates pY125 is not a key component of LB pathology in murine models or human tissues in idiopathic LB diseases.