bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boron Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) as Electron‐Withdrawing Group in Asymmetric Copper‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloadditions for the Synthesis of Pyrrolidine‐Based Biological Sensors
Authors: Rigotti Thomas , Asenjo‐Pascual Juan , Martín‐Somer Ana , Milán Rois Paula , Cordani Marco , Díaz‐Tendero Sergio , Somoza Álvaro , Fraile Alberto , Alemán José 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, we describe the use of Boron Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) as electron‐withdrawing group for activation of double bonds in asymmetric copper‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reactions with azomethine ylides. The reactions take place under smooth conditions and with high enantiomeric excess for a large number of different substituents, pointing out the high activation of the alkene by using a boron dipyrromethene as electron‐withdrawing group. Experimental, theoretical studies and comparison with other common electron‐withdrawing groups in asymmetric copper‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloadditions show the reasons of the different reactivity of the boron dipyrromethene derivatives, which can be exploited as a useful activating group in asymmetric catalysis. Additional experiments show that the so obtained pyrrolidines can be employed as biocompatible biosensors, which can be located in the endosomal compartments and do not present toxicity in three cell lines.magnified image
Rongalite‐Promoted on Water Synthesis of Functionalised Tellurides and Ditellurides
Authors: Tanini Damiano , Ricci Lorenzo , Capperucci Antonella 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe on water reaction of sodium telluride with electrophiles has been explored. Na2Te, generated in situ through the rongalite (sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate)‐promoted reduction of elemental tellurium, reacts with a wide variety of electrophiles, including strained heterocycles, haloalkanes, Michael acceptors, and aryl diazonium salts, providing simple and rapid access to a broad range of novel functionalised symmetrical tellurides. The methodology well tolerated the presence of versatile functional groups such as alchohols, amines, esters, nitriles, and sulfones and allowed the incorporation of tellurium atoms into biologically relevant natural‐derived products. Furthermore, in the case of the nucleophilic ring opening of epoxides and aziridines, a judicious tuning of the reaction conditions enabled the synthesis of unreported β‐hydroxy‐ and β‐amino‐ditellurides, which were further employed as precursors of new functionalised unsymmetrical dialkyl tellurides. The thiol−peroxidase catalytic activity of hydroxy‐ditellurides has also been investigated in order to compare their antioxidant properties with those of homologous tellurides.magnified image
Synthesis of Spiro[5.n (n=6–8)]heterocycles through Successive Ring‐Expansion/Indole C‐2 Functionalization
Authors: Yuan Yang , Guo Zixia , Mu Yuanyang , Wang Ye , Xu Murong , Li Yanzhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA cascade procedure for the efficient and atom‐economical synthesis of spiro[5.n (n=6–8)]heterocycles has been developed. This process goes through the tandem reactions of base‐promoted ring‐expansion of cyclic ketones followed by Cu‐catalyzed intramolecular C‐2 spirocyclization of indoles. Easily accessible starting materials and broad substrate scope are the advantaged features of this protocol.magnified image
Comparative physiological attributes of cultivated and wild relatives of barley in response to different water environments
Authors: Barati Mohammad , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Safari Maryam , Mostafavi Fateme , Mirlohi Aghafakhr , Karami Zohre 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDrought tolerance in wild species of barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.) (especially Iranian species) and the relationship of physiological traits with yield indices to explore inter‐ and intraspecific variation is poorly understood. Drought tolerance of 83 genotypes belonging to 16 species of genus Hordeum were evaluated under normal (well‐watered), mild, and intense drought stress conditions during 2012–2014. High inter‐ and intraspecific variation was observed for yield, physiological traits, and drought tolerance. Proline content was identified as the best physiological index for indirect selection of drought‐tolerant genotypes in this study. The same species were grouped together to a great extent based on physiological and morphological attributes. Superior genotypes were characterized within each stress environment. In the wild species groups, three genotypes (Genotypes 40, 44, and 45) from Hordeum murinum and two genotypes (Genotypes 3 and 4) from Hordeum brachyantherum were identified as drought tolerant within both mild and intense drought environments. These genotypes may be used in future studies to characterize genes and mechanisms related to drought stress.
A Reflective Thrive‐Oriented Community Resilience Scale
Authors: Lindberg Kreg , Swearingen Tommy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is substantial societal, policy, and research interest in community resilience as a way to better understand and enhance community thriving in the face of natural hazards, economic disruption, and other challenges. However, partly or fully formative community resilience measures potentially conflate resilience predictors and indicators, thereby constraining the assessment of factors promoting resilience. Based on a general population survey (N = 1,072) in rural, coastal Oregon, USA, we evaluated a 6‐item reflective thrive‐oriented scale of perceived community resilience that provides a stronger foundation for assessing the contribution of resilience predictors such as community leadership or social capital. Exploratory factor analysis of the scale indicated a single‐factor solution that explained 55% of the variance. The Cronbach’s alpha was .83, which showed good internal consistency. Scale factor scores correlated with related constructs, with coefficients having signs and magnitudes consistent with prior research. The scale also provides a foundation for assessing general relative to specific (specified) resilience. In the present case, there was an indication of general resilience across the range of changes captured by the scale items.
The characterization of hypodontia, hypohidrosis, and hypotrichosis associated with X‐linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: A systematic review
Authors: Anbouba Grace M. , Carmany Erin P. , Natoli Jaime L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to review the published literature on X‐linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) for the prevalence and characteristics of three features of XLHED: hypodontia, hypohidrosis, and hypotrichosis. A systematic search of English‐language articles was conducted in May 2019 to identify publications with information on any of the three features of XLHED. We excluded studies with five or fewer participants, that did not specify X‐linked inheritance or an EDA mutation, and discussed only management of features. The weighted means for total missing teeth, location of missing teeth, prevalence of reduced and absent sweating ability, and sparse or absent hair were analyzed across all studies. Additional findings for hypodontia, hypohidrosis, and hypotrichosis were summarized qualitatively. Twenty publications (18 studies) were accepted. Reported findings for males tended to be more informative than for carrier females. The weighted mean for missing teeth for affected males was 22.4 (range: 10–28) and carrier females was 3.4 (range: 0–22). The most common conserved teeth for males were the canines. The most common missing teeth for females were the maxillary lateral incisors. The weighted mean prevalence of reduced or absent sweating ability was 95.7% for males and 71.6% for females. The weighted mean prevalence for hypotrichosis was 88.1% for males and 61.6% for females. This systematic review provides insight into the prevalence, characteristics, and variability of the three classic features of XLHED. These findings provide detailed natural history information for families with XLHED as well as key characteristics that can aid in diagnosis.
Festkörperemittierende Aroyl‐S,N‐Ketenacetale mit steuerbaren aggregationsinduzierten Emissionseigenschaften
Authors: Biesen Lukas , Nirmalananthan‐Budau Nithiya , Hoffmann Katrin , Resch‐Genger Ute , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractN‐Benzyl‐aroyl‐S,N‐ketenacetale können durch die Kondensation von Aroylchloriden und N‐Benzyl‐2‐methylbenzothiazolium‐Salzen in guten bis ausgezeichneten Ausbeuten dargestellt werden, wodurch eine Substanzbibliothek bestehend aus 35 Chromophoren mit intensiver Festkörperemissions‐ und aggregationsinduzierten Emissions‐Eigenschaften aufgebaut werden konnte. Mittels Variation des Substituenten von elektronenschiebend bis elektronenziehend kann die Emissionsfarbe der Festkörperfluoreszenz gezielt von blau bis rot eingestellt werden.
Observation of Non‐FCC Copper in Alkynyl‐Protected Cu53Nanoclusters
Authors: Qu Mei , Zhang Fu‐Qiang , Wang Dian‐Hui , Li Huan , Hou Juan‐Juan , Zhang Xian‐Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe only feasible access to non‐face‐centered cubic (FCC) copper was by physical vapor deposition under high vacuum. Now, non‐FCC copper is observed in a series of alkynyl‐protected Cu53nanoclusters (NCs) obtained from solution‐phase synthesis. Determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, the structures of Cu53(C≡CPhPh)9(dppp)6Cl3(NO3)9and its two derivatives reveal an ABABC stacking sequence involving 41 Cu atoms. It can be regarded as a mixed FCC and HCP structure, which gives strong evidence that Cu can be arranged in non‐FCC lattice at ambient conditions when proper ligands are provided. Characterization methods including X‐ray absorption fine structure, XPS, ESI‐MS, UV/Vis, Auger spectroscopy, and DFT calculations were carried out. CuIIwas shown to successively coordinate with introduced ligands and changed to CuIafter bonding with phosphine. The following addition of NaBH4and the aging step further reduced it to the Cu53NC.
A Neutral and Aromatic Boron‐Rich Inorganic Benzene
Authors: Ota Kei , Kinjo Rei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA neutral 1,4‐diaza‐2,3,5,6‐tetraborinine derivative (3) featuring a 6π ring system has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The prospective aromatic nature of 3 was assessed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis, NMR, and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy as well as computational studies. Furthermore, preliminary reactivity investigations showed that 3 does not only react with diphenyl acetylene but also readily captures CO2 in a [4+2] cycloaddition under ambient conditions.
Green synthesis of 3,4‐disubstituted isoxazol‐5(4H)‐ones using ZnO@Fe3O4 core–shell nanocatalyst in water
Authors: Shanshak M. , Budagumpi Srinivasa , Małecki Jan Grzegorz , Keri Rangappa S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn effective and environmentally benign methodology for the synthesis of isoxazol‐5(4H)‐one derivatives has been developed using a ZnO@Fe3O4 core–shell nanocatalytic system. The one‐pot, multicomponent reaction of an aromatic/heterocyclic aldehyde, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and ethyl acetoacetate under aqueous conditions at slightly elevated temperature resulted in the formation of title compounds in extremely good yields. The present new protocol is environmentally friendly as it offers heterocyclization with some interesting promising features such as safety, atom efficiency, low cost, mild conditions, minimal waste, catalyst recyclability, water as a solvent, easy workup and possession of excellent functional group tolerance for the synthesisis of structurally diverse isoxazole derivatives. All products were characterized by spectral and analytical methods. A representative title derivative was studied for its structure by single crystal X‐ray diffraction method.
1,3‐Propane Diamine/1,4‐Butane Diamine Cross‐linking Modification of Polyimide Membrane for Hydrogen Selective Separation: Effect of Diamine Mixture Ratio
Authors: Abdul Nasir Nur'Adilah , Ling Jia Hui , Junaidi Mohd Usman Mohd , Hashim Nur Awanis , Hizzaddin Hanee Farzana , Rabuni Mohamad Fairus , Zainal Abidin Mohd Izzuddin Izzat , Rohani Rosiah 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHydrogen (H2) can be produced through biomass processing which involved lower energy requirement and production cost. It is produced as biohydrogen (bio‐H2) together with carbon dioxide in biogas so it is essential to purify H2 for utilization. Membrane gas separation is a promising technology for H2 purification. However, current separation efficiency of commercial polymeric membrane is insufficient to achieve industrial demand. Crosslinking diamine modification has been discovered to enhance separation performance of membrane in terms of permeability and selectivity. Gas separation effectiveness of mixed crosslinking agent on polyimide (PI) membrane is studied in this research by blending PDA and BuDA with different concentration. PI membrane is fabricated with phase inversion method with different weight percentage of PI in polymer solution. The chemical modification by immersing in mixed PDA‐BuDA crosslinking solution for 5 minutes reaction times. Pure gas test has been conducted for separation performance andchemical structure changes were monitored by FTIR. It is found that H2/CO2 selectivity increased significantly and H2 permeability decreased dramatically with higher concentration of PDA in crosslinking solution. Membrane with 8:2 ratio of PDA‐BuDA solution achieved highest H2/CO2 selectivity from 3.7 to 7.8 compared to other ratio of PDA‐BuDA solution.
Facile synthesis of amino‐functionalized polyphosphazene microspheres and their application for highly sensitive fluorescence detection of Fe3+
Authors: Chen Kuiyong , Liu Yue , Hu Yongjian , Yuan Meiyu , Zheng Xiuwen , Huang Xiaobin 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTAmino‐functionalized highly crosslinked organic–inorganic hybrid polyphosphazene microspheres were prepared via a one‐pot polycondensation method and served as a fluorescent sensor for the detection of Fe3+ in solution. With the introduction of p‐phenylenediamine unites, the polyphosphazene microspheres could be endowed with fluorescent property and abundant active amino groups on the surface. The microspheres were further used as the fluorescent sensor for the detection of Fe3+. Fluorescence study showed high sensing sensitivity and selectivity of the microspheres, and the limit of detection was determined as 0.076 μM for Fe3+. Active amino groups on the surface could efficiently improve the detection sensitivity of Fe3+. Moreover, highly crosslinked organic–inorganic hybrid structure was beneficial to the photostability and thermostability, enabled the microspheres to be possible for constructing practicable sensors. This work is expected to inspire the design of advanced polyphosphazene‐based fluorescent sensors for applications in analytical detection. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48937.
Kidney structural characteristics based on a kidney biopsy and contrast‐enhanced computed tomography in healthy living kidney donors
Authors: Nielsen Cecilie M. , Skov Karin , Buus Niels H. , Pedersen Michael , Ibsen Lotte , Krag Søren P. , Nyengaard Jens R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe demands for kidney transplantations are increasing, and so is the number of live kidney donors (LKDs). Recent studies show that LKDs have an increased risk of developing end‐stage renal disease compared with healthy non‐donors. However, the knowledge about factors predicting renal disease in kidney donors is sparse. Some evidence points to increased glomerular sclerosis and kidney fibrosis, as well as a low number of glomeruli as associated with a worse renal outcome. This methodological study investigated that which estimates are obtainable with a standard kidney biopsy taken from the donated kidney during the transplantation, and a standard contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) in kidney donors. CT‐scans were used to obtain total volume of the kidney and kidney cortex using the Cavalieri estimator and 2D‐nucleator. Glomerular number density in the biopsies was estimated by a model‐based method, and was multiplied by total cortex volume in order to estimate the total number of glomeruli in the kidney. Glomerular volume was estimated by the 2D‐nucleator and a model‐based stereological technique. Kidney fibrosis (point‐counting), glomerular sclerosis (evaluation of glomerular profiles), and arteriole dimensions (2D‐nucleator) were also estimated in the biopsy sections from the donated kidney. Various studies have attempted to identify predictors of renal outcome in LKDs. There is no consensus yet, and further studies are needed to elucidate if and how the estimates described in this study are associated with renal outcome in LKDs.
Unified deep neural network for segmentation and labeling of multipanel biomedical figures
Authors: Zou Jie , Thoma George , Antani Sameer 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent efforts in biomedical visual question answering (VQA) research rely on combined information gathered from the image content and surrounding text supporting the figure. Biomedical journals are a rich source of information for such multimodal content indexing. For multipanel figures in these journals, it is critical to develop automatic figure panel splitting and label recognition algorithms to associate individual panels with text metadata in the figure caption and the body of the article. Challenges in this task include large variations in figure panel layout, label location, size, contrast to background, and so on. In this work, we propose a deep convolutional neural network, which splits the panels and recognizes the panel labels in a single step. Visual features are extracted from several layers at various depths of the backbone neural network and organized to form a feature pyramid. These features are fed into classification and regression networks to generate candidates of panels and their labels. These candidates are merged to create the final panel segmentation result through a beam search algorithm. We evaluated the proposed algorithm on the ImageCLEF data set and achieved better performance than the results reported in the literature. In order to thoroughly investigate the proposed algorithm, we also collected and annotated our own data set of 10,642 figures. The experiments, trained on 9,642 figures and evaluated on the remaining 1,000 figures, show that combining panel splitting and panel label recognition mutually benefit each other.
Extraction, purification, characterization, and rheological properties of a glycoprotein from Cynomorium songaricum Rupr
Authors: Shi Jipeng , Xu Yunfei , Guo Jie , Mu Xingxing , Wang Chengbo , Chen Xin , Zhang Ji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCynomorium songaricum Rupr is widely known in China as a traditional herbal medicine. In this study, single‐factor experiments and response surface methodology were used to optimize the extraction of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr glycoprotein (CSG). The results show that a maximum glycoprotein yield of 6.39 ± 0.32% was achieved at a ratio of solid to liquid 32:1 for 4.2 H at 52 °C. Then, the IR, monosaccharide composition, amino acid composition, type of glycopeptide linkage, and average molecular weight of CSG‐1 purified from CSG were characterized. The results indicate that CSG‐1 presented the characteristic absorption peak of polysaccharide and protein, including four monosaccharides and 17 amino acids, had O‐linked glycopeptide bonds, Mw, Wn, Mw/Mn, Mp, and the z‐average were 5.343 × 106, 3.203 × 106, 1.668, 8.911 × 106, and 6.948 × 106, respectively. Besides, CSG‐1 solution was described by the Herschel–Bulkley model and it behaved as a shear‐thinning fluid. Also, under a frequency sweep the moduli G′ and G″ both increased with increasing CSG‐1 concentration and the CSG‐1 dispersions had weak thermal stability over the temperature sweep. These results provide a scientific basis for the further study of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr.
Designing a new dimerized anti human TNF‐α aptamer with blocking activity
Authors: Mashayekhi Kazem , Ganji Ali , Sankian Mojtaba 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe human tumor necrosis factor α (hTNF‐α) is an important pro‐inflammatory cytokine which plays critical roles in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The anti‐TNF‐α proteins can reduce symptoms of RA. Due to limitations of protein‐based therapies, it is necessary to find new anti‐TNF‐α agents instead of common anti‐TNF‐α proteins. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to identify a new DNA aptamer with anti‐hTNF‐α activity. The protein systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process was used for identifying DNA aptamers. Anti‐hTNF‐α aptamers were selected using dot blot, real‐time PCR, and in vitro inhibitory assay. The selected aptamers were truncated in two steps, and finally, a dimer aptamer was constructed from different selected truncates to improve their inhibitory effect. Also, Etanercept was used as a positive control to inhibit TNF‐α, in comparison to the designed aptamers. After 11 rounds, four aptamers with anti‐hTNF‐α inhibitory effect were identified. The truncation and dimerization strategy revealed a new dimer aptamer with 67 nM Kd, which has 40% inhibitory effect compared with Etanercept (60%). Overall, the dimerization and truncation aptamers could improve its activity. With regard to the several limitations of anti‐TNF‐α proteins therapies including immunogenicity, side effects, and cost‐intensive, a new designed anti‐hTNF‐α dimer aptamer could be considered as a potential therapeutic and/or diagnostic agent for hTNF‐α‐related disorders.
Improving product quality and productivity of bispecific molecules through the application of continuous perfusion principles
Authors: Gomez Natalia , Lull Jonathan , Yang Xiaorui , Wang Yan , Zhang Xin , Wieczorek Agatha , Harrahy John , Pritchard Mike , Cano Diandra Martinez , Shearer Michael , Goudar Chetan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBispecific protein scaffolds can be more complex than traditional monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) because two different sites/domains for epitope binding are needed. Because of this increased molecular complexity, bispecific molecules are difficult to express and can be more prone to physical and chemical degradation compared to MAbs, leading to higher levels of protein aggregates, clipped species, or modified residues in cell culture. In this study, we investigated cell culture performance for the production of three types of bispecific molecules developed at Amgen. In particular, we cultured a total of six CHO cell lines in both an approximately 12‐day fed‐batch process and an approximately 40‐day high‐density perfusion process. Harvested cell culture fluid from each process was purified and analyzed for product quality attributes including aggregate levels, clipped species, charge variants, individual amino acid modifications and host cell protein (HCP) content. Our studies showed that in average, the intensified perfusion process increased 15‐fold the integrated viable cell density and the total harvested product (and fivefold the daily volumetric productivity) compared to fed‐batch. Furthermore, bispecific product quality improved in perfusion culture (as analyzed in affinity‐capture pools) with reduction in levels of aggregates (up to 72% decrease), clipped species (up to 75% decrease), acidic variants (up to 76% decrease), deamidated/isomerized species in complementarity‐determining regions, and HCP (up to 84% decrease). In summary, the intensified perfusion process exhibited better productivity and product quality, highlighting the potential to use it as part of a continuous manufacturing process for bispecific scaffolds.