bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fasciola hepatica products can alter the response of bovine immune cells to Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis
Authors: Naranjo‐Lucena Amalia , García‐Campos Andrés , Garza‐Cuartero Laura , Britton Louise , Blanco Alfonso , Zintl Annetta , Mulcahy Grace 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFasciola hepatica causes economically important disease in livestock worldwide. The relevance of this parasitic infection extends beyond its direct consequences due to its immunoregulatory properties.ObjectivesGiven the importance of the T helper 1 (Th1) immune response in controlling infections with Mycobacterium avium subspeciesparatuberculosis (MAP) in cattle, we aimed to establish the immunological consequences that co‐infection with F. hepatica might have on the course of Johne’s disease (JD).MethodsThis study compared the in vitro response of bovine immune cells to infection with MAP or exposure to MAP antigens following F. hepatica infection or stimulation with F. hepatica products.ResultsWe found a decreased proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after infection with F. hepatica. This reduction was inversely correlated with fluke burden. Pre‐stimulation with F. hepatica molecules produced a significant reduction of ileocaecal lymph node leucocyte proliferation in response to MAP antigens. Additionally,F. hepatica products reduced expression of the CD14 receptor by macrophages and increased levels of apoptosis and bacterial (MAP) uptake.ConclusionsOverall, F. hepatica infection had little impact on the in vitro response of immune cells to MAP, whereas in vitro co‐stimulation with F. hepatica molecules had a measurable effect. Whether this is likely to affect JD progression during in vivo chronic conditions remains unclear.
Geographic Distributions of Extreme Weather Risk Perceptions in the United States
Authors: Allan Jinan N. , Ripberger Joseph T. , Wehde Wesley , Krocak Makenzie , Silva Carol L. , Jenkins‐Smith Hank C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWeather and climate disasters pose an increasing risk to life and property in the United States. Managing this risk requires objective information about the nature of the threat and subjective information about how people perceive it. Meteorologists and climatologists have a relatively firm grasp of the historical objective risk. For example, we know which parts of the United States are most likely to experience drought, heat waves, flooding, snow or ice storms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. We know less about the geographic distribution of the perceived risks of meteorological events and trends. Do subjective perceptions align with exposure to weather risks? This question is difficult to answer because analysts have yet to develop a comprehensive and spatially consistent methodology for measuring risk perceptions across geographic areas in the United States. In this project, we propose a methodology that uses multilevel regression and poststratification to estimate extreme weather and climate risk perceptions by geographic area (i.e., region, state, forecast area, and county). Then we apply the methodology using data from three national surveys (n = 9,542). This enables us to measure, map, and compare perceptions of risk from multiple weather hazards in geographic areas across the country.
Housing price, talent movement, and innovation output: Evidence from Chinese cities
Authors: Lin Xiongbin , Ren Ting , Wu Hao , Xiao Youzhi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHow housing costs would influence the job‐housing choice of talent and associated city‐level innovation performance is a question of interest for urban development policies. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to the influence of rising housing prices on the attraction of talent and the associated innovation output in major Chinese cities. In this paper, we use the housing price data of 51 cities from the China Real Estate Index System database and the corresponding macro data of China City Statistical Yearbooks from 2005 to 2014 to analyze this focal research question. The empirical analysis shows that the increase in city housing prices generally correlates positively with city innovation outcome and talent attraction, suggesting no crowding‐out effect on the innovative performance of the city. However, the positive association between housing prices and innovation outcome and talent attraction has started to disappear in first‐tier cities in recent years, suggesting potential crowding‐out effect if the increasing housing prices transform to bubbles. This research thus provides considerable policy implications concerning the impacts of housing prices on talent movement and innovation output.
User‐generatedonline queer media and the politics of queer visibility
Authors: Das Stuti , Farber Reya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we review sociological research on the politics of queer self‐presentation and visibility in user‐generated online media, such as personal homepages, blogs, YouTube vlogs, and queer‐specific social networking sites. Using an intersectional lens to attend to multiple axes of identity, the review offers a deeper understanding of how online queer media impact self‐presentation and visibility, while also privileging certain racial, sexual, and gender identities and practices over others. Online platforms can serve as spaces of resistance wherein queer people not only make themselves visible but also redefine dominant conceptions of identity, as well as the boundaries between public and private life. However, our review also finds that online spaces of queer self‐presentation often become another space for the reinforcement of dominant norms pertaining to various axes of one's identity. Given that the advent of user‐generated media and the Internet has facilitated the mobilization of queer people worldwide, an understanding of queer self‐presentation in online media demonstrates how new iterations of sex, gender, and sexuality are constructed in a technological era by queer‐identified people themselves, and how people can both resist and reify dominant social hierarchies across boundaries of space and time.
The effect of field application of food‐based anaerobic digestate on earthworm populations
Authors: Rollett Alison J. , Bhogal Anne , Scullion John , Nicholson Fiona A. , Taylor Matthew J. , Williams John R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn general, farming systems that provide the greatest organic matter returns to the soil support the highest earthworm populations and typically the application of organic materials will increase earthworm numbers because of an abundance of food. There has been limited work on the effects of digestate applications on earthworm populations with most focus on the short‐term effects of digestate from manure or crop‐based feedstocks, not from food wastes. To address this gap in current knowledge, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of repeated food‐based digestate applications on earthworm populations/biomass in both the short term (c.6 months after digestate application) and longer term (2 years later) in comparison with other commonly used inputs (manufactured nitrogen‐N fertilizer, compost and livestock manures). This multi‐site field experiment has shown that the application of food‐based digestate at application rates above current good practice can have a short‐term, negative impact on earthworm numbers under certain conditions. Six months after the final digestate addition, earthworm numbers were 32%–60% lower than following the additions of other organic materials at four of the seven sites investigated. A combination of high ammonium/low organic matter loadings and soil compaction most likely explained the observed effects.
An urban growth simulation model based on integration of local weights and decision risk values
Authors: Karimi Firozjaei Mohammad , Sedighi Amir , Jelokhani‐Niaraki Mohammadreza 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMonitoring and managing the rapid growth of cities, especially in developing countries, highlights the need for appropriate spatio‐temporal models to predict urban growth. The parameters affecting the spatio‐temporal analysis of urban growth play a key role in the prediction results. This study proposes an urban growth simulation model by integrating local subjective–objective weights and decision risk values (ORness) into a CA–Markov model. This involves the use of ordered weighting averaging as one of the multicriteria decision analysis methods to combine the weights and degree of risk for generating a variety of risk‐averse and/or risk‐taking urban growth prediction scenarios. The proposed model has been applied to predict the physical growth of Babol city, located in Mazandaran, Iran. The results indicate that the degrees of ORness = 0.3 and ORness = 0.9 yield better prediction results in the case of using the local and global weighting strategies, respectively. Furthermore, the overall accuracy of local and global weighting strategies at different degrees of risk was 87.6 and 86.8, respectively. This implies that the use of local subjective–objective weights leads to more accurate results than the global weights for simulating urban growth.
Cycle-to-Cycle Multipulse Fuel-Injection Control for Advanced Diesel Combustion in Changing and Disturbed Operating Points
Authors: Luo Xi , Großbichler Martin , Waschl Harald , Donkers M. C. F. , de Jager Bram , Willems Frank 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
When controlled in an open-loop fashion, both stationary and dynamical diesel engine performance can deteriorate due to disturbances. Although cycle-to-cycle fuel injection control has the potential of reducing the performance degradation by manipulating the fueling profile in real time, this potential has not been thoroughly studied. This is especially true for multipulse fuel injection, due to the lack of a controller design method with closed-loop reference tracking performance guarantees. In this paper, we introduce a systematic design method for multivariable cycle-to-cycle fuel injection control. The design method is based on several local linearizations to address varying combustion behavior due to different engine speeds, torques, and disturbances. This leads to a controller that is robust with respect to all the local linearizations. Experimental results show that the controller works well in both stationary and dynamical operating conditions, and has fast dynamical performance (settling time less than 1.5 (s)). Moreover, experimental data show that cycle-to-cycle fuel injection control is robust against the uncertainties introduced by disturbed rail pressure and swirl valve position.
Command Shaping for Sloshing Suppression of a Suspended Liquid Container
Authors: Alshaya Abdullah , Alghanim Khalid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe residuals of liquid free-surface wave oscillations induced by a rest-to-rest crane maneuver of a suspended liquid container are eliminated using a command-shaped profile. The dynamics of liquid sloshing are modeled using an equivalent mechanical model based on a series of mass-spring-damper systems. The proposed model considers the excited frequencies of the container swing motion and liquid sloshing modes. The objective is to design a discrete-time shaped acceleration profile with a variable command length that controls the moving crane-jib, while suppressing the sloshing modes. Simulations are conducted to illustrate the command effectiveness in eliminating liquid sloshing with a wide variation range of system and command-designing parameters; liquid depth, cable length, command duration, and the employing of higher sloshing modes in representing the sloshing dynamics. The command sensitivity of the input command to changes of the system parameters are treated as well. A refined and smooth input command based on suppressing the residuals of multimodes is also introduced. Furthermore, the command effectiveness was supported by a comparison with the time-optimal flexible-body control and multimode zero vibration input shaper.
The Relationship Between Self-Regulatory Efficacy and Physical Activity in Adolescents With a Caveat: A Cross-Lag Design Examining Weather
Authors: Wilson Kathleen S. , Spink Kevin S. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: The use of self-efficacy to predict physical activity has a long history. However, this relationship is complex, as self-efficacy is thought to influence and be influenced by physical activity. The directionality of the self-regulatory efficacy (SRE) and physical activity relationship was examined using a cross-lagged design. A secondary purpose was to examine these relationships across differing weather conditions. Methods: Canadian adolescents (N = 337; aged between 13 and 18 years) completed the physical activity and SRE measures 4 times during a school year. Structural equation modeling was used to perform a cross-lag analysis. Results: The relationships between physical activity and SRE appeared to be weather dependent. During a more challenging weather period (eg, cold weather), the relationship between physical activity and SRE was bidirectional. However, no relationship emerged when the 2 constructs were assessed during a more optimal weather period (eg, warm weather). Conclusions: Some support has been provided for the bidirectional nature of the relationship between physical activity and SRE. The relationship appeared to be qualified by climate considerations, suggesting that future research examine how weather may relate not just to physical activity but also to the correlates of physical activity.
Use of a novel telemetric sensor to study interactions of intraocular pressure and ganglion-cell function in glaucoma
Authors: Al-Nosairy Khaldoon O , van den Bosch Jacqueline J O N , Pennisi Vincenzo , Mansouri Kaweh , Thieme Hagen , Choritz Lars , Hoffmann Michael B 
Published: July 2020

Aims(1) To test the feasibility of simultaneous steady-state pattern electroretinogram (ssPERG) and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements with an implanted IOP sensor. (2) To explore the scope of this approach for detecting PERG changes during IOP manipulation in a model of lateral decubitus positioning (LDP; lateral position).Methods15 healthy controls and 15 treated glaucoma patients participated in the study. 8 patients had an IOP sensor (Eyemate-IO, Implandata Ophthalmic Products GmbH) in the right eye (GLAIMP) and 7 had no sensor and with glaucoma in the left eye. (1) We compared PERGs with and without simultaneous IOP read-out in GLAIMP. (2) All participants were positioned in the following order: sitting1 (S1), right LDP (LDR), sitting2 (S2), left LDP (LDL) and sitting3 (S3). For each position, PERG amplitudes and IOP were determined with rebound tonometry (Icare TA01i) in all participants without the IOP sensor.ResultsElectromagnetic intrusions of IOP sensor read-out onto ssPERG recordings had, due to different frequency ranges, no relevant effect on PERG amplitudes. IOP and PERG measures were affected by LDP, for example, IOP was increased during LDRversus S1 in the lower eyes of GLAIMPand controls (5.1±0.6 mmHg, P0.025=0.00004 and 1.6±0.6 mmHg, P0.025=0.02, respectively) and PERG amplitude was reversibly decreased (−25±10%, P0.025=0.02 and −17±5%, P0.025, respectively).ConclusionsDuring LDP, both IOP and PERG changed predominantly in the lower eye. IOP changes induced by LDP may be a model for studying the interaction of IOP and ganglion-cell function.
Impact of spectacles wear on uncorrected visual acuity among urban migrant primary school children in China: a cluster-randomised clinical trial
Authors: Zhang Xinwu , Zhou Ming , Ma Xiaochen , Yi Hongmei , Zhang Haiqing , Wang Xiuqin , Jin Ling , Naidoo Kovin , Minto Hasan , Zou Haidong , Rozelle Scott , Congdon Nathan , Ma Yue 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the effect of providing free spectacles on uncorrected visual acuity (VA) among urban migrant Chinese school children.DesignExploratory analysis from a parallel cluster-randomised clinical trial.MethodsAfter baseline survey and VA screening, eligible children were randomised by school to receive one of the two interventions: free glasses and a teacher incentive (tablet computer if ≥80% of children given glasses were wearing them on un-announced examination) (treatment group) or glasses prescription and letter to parents (control group). The primary outcome was uncorrected logarithm of the minimal angle of
resolution (LogMAR) VA at study closeout, adjusted for baseline uncorrected VA.ResultsAmong 4376 randomly selected children, 728 (16.6%, mean age 10.9 years, 51.0% boys) at 94 schools failed VA screening and met eligibility criteria. Of these, 358 children (49.2%) at 47 schools were randomised to treatment and 370 children (50.8%) at 47 schools to control. Among these, 679 children (93.3%) completed follow-up and underwent analysis. Spectacle wear in the treatment and control groups was 68.3% and 29.3% (p<0.001), respectively. Uncorrected final VA for eyes of treatment children was significantly better than control children, adjusting only for baseline VA (difference of 0.039 LogMAR units, 95% CI: 0.008, 0.070, equivalent to 0.39 lines, p=0.014) or baseline VA and other baseline factors (0.040 LogMAR units, 95% CI 0.007 to 0.074, equivalent to 0.40 lines, p=0.020).ConclusionWe found no evidence that spectacles wear worsens children’s uncorrected VA among urban migrant Chinese school children.
Cohort profile: The Applied Public-Private Research enabling OsteoArthritis Clinical Headway (IMI-APPROACH) study: a 2-year, European, cohort study to describe, validate and predict phenotypes of osteoarthritis using clinical, imaging and biochemical markers
Authors: van Helvoort Eefje M , van Spil Willem E , Jansen Mylène P , Welsing Paco M J , Kloppenburg Margreet , Loef Marieke , Blanco Francisco J , Haugen Ida K , Berenbaum Francis , Bacardit Jaume , Ladel Christoph H , Loughlin John , Bay-Jensen Anne C , Mobasheri Ali , Larkin Jonathan , Boere Janneke , Weinans Harrie H , Lalande Agnes , Marijnissen Anne C A , Lafeber Floris P J G 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe Applied Public-Private Research enabling OsteoArthritis Clinical Headway (APPROACH) consortium intends to prospectively describe in detail, preselected patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), using conventional and novel clinical, imaging, and biochemical markers, to support OA drug development.ParticipantsAPPROACH is a prospective cohort study including 297 patients with tibiofemoral OA, according to the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. Patients were (pre)selected from existing cohorts using machine learning models, developed on data from the CHECK cohort, to display a high likelihood of radiographic joint space width (JSW) loss and/or knee pain progression.Findings to dateSelection appeared logistically feasible and baseline characteristics of the cohort demonstrated an OA population with more severe disease: age 66.5 (SD 7.1) vs 68.1 (7.7) years, min-JSW 2.5 (1.3) vs 2.1 (1.0) mm and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain 31.3 (19.7) vs 17.7 (14.6), except for age, all: p<0.001, for selected versus excluded patients, respectively. Based on the selection model, this cohort has a predicted higher chance of progression.Future plansPatients will visit the hospital again at 6, 12 and 24 months for physical examination, pain and general health questionnaires, collection of blood and urine, MRI scans, radiographs of knees and hands, CT scan of the knee, low radiation whole-body CT, HandScan, motion analysis and performance-based tests.After two years, data will show whether those patients with the highest probabilities for progression experienced disease progression as compared to those wit lower probabilities (model validation) and whether phenotypes/endotypes can be identified and predicted to facilitate targeted drug therapy.Trial registration numberNCT03883568
Systematic survey of the causal language use in systematic reviews of observational studies: a study protocol
Authors: Han Mi Ah , Guyatt Gordon 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionSometimes, observational studies may provide important evidence that allow inferences of causality between exposure and outcome (although on most occasions only low certainty evidence). Authors, frequently and perhaps usually at the behest of the journals to which they are submitting, avoid using causal language when addressing evidence from observational studies. This is true even when the issue of interest is the causal effect of an intervention or exposure. Clarity of thinking and appropriateness of inferences may be enhanced through the use of language that reflects the issue under consideration. The objectives of this study are to systematically evaluate the extent and nature of causal language use in systematic reviews of observational studies and to relate that to the actual intent of the investigation.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic survey of systematic reviews of observational studies addressing modifiable exposures and their possible impact on patient-important outcomes. We will randomly select 200 reviews published in 2019, stratified in a 1:1 ratio by use and non-use of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Teams of two reviewers will independently assess study eligibility and extract data using a standardised data extraction forms, with resolution of disagreement by discussion and, if necessary, by third party adjudication. Through examining the inferences, they make in their papers’ discussion, we will evaluate whether the authors’ intent was to address causation or association. We will summarise the use of causal language in the study title, abstract, study question and results using descriptive statistics. Finally, we will assess whether the language used is consistent with the intention of the authors. We will determine whether results in reviews that did or did not use GRADE differ.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for this study is not required. We will disseminate the results through publication in a peer-reviewed journals.RegistrationOpen Science Framework (osf.io/vh8yx).
Fermion mass splitting in the technicolor coupled scenario
Authors: Doff A. , Natale A. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe discuss fermion mass generation in unified models where QCD and technicolor (or any two strongly interacting theories) have their Schwinger–Dyson equations coupled. In this case the technicolor (TC) and QCD self-energies are modified in comparison with the behavior observed in the isolated theories. In these models the pseudo-Goldstone boson masses are much higher than the ones obtained in different contexts, and phenomenological signals, except from a light scalar composite boson, will be quite difficult to be observed at present collider energies. The most noticeable fact of these models is how the mass splitting between the different ordinary fermions is generated. We discuss how a necessary horizontal (or family) symmetry can be implemented in order to generate the mass splitting between fermions of different generations; how the fermionic mass spectrum may be modified due to GUT interactions, as well as how the mass splitting within the same fermionic generation are generated due to electroweak and GUT interactions.