bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The (Critical) Edge of Tradition: Understanding Ġhālib as Valī in Contemporary Delhi
Authors: Taneja Anand Vivek 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this essay, I explore an emergent trend within both authoritative Islamic discourse and Urdu public culture in north India, in which the poet Mirzā Asadullāh Ḳhān “Ġhālib” (1797-1869) is portrayed as a saintly and prophetic figure. I aim to show that claiming Ġhālib as an authoritatively Islamic figure—and hence his life and poetry as Islamically authoritative and legible—at this historical moment of unprecedented Islamophobia and anti-Muslim bias in India is a profoundly radical claim. It gestures towards a Muslim—and crucially, also non-Muslim—reclamation of precolonial lifeways and intellectual, literary, and spiritual traditions as an antidote to the poisonous discourses of modern religious nationalism and sectarianism.
Impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on visits and treatments for patients with ureteral stones in a general hospital emergency department
Authors: Liu Zhenhua , Man Libo 
Published: December 2020

Background: The COVID-19 is a challenge for both patients and physicians in emergency department (ED). This study was aimed to report the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on visits and treatments for patients with ureteral stones in a general hospital ED. Methods: The patients with ureteral stones were collected from 24 January to 24 March 2020 during the COVID-19 outbreak in Beijing. Two periods were divided for study: 24 January to 24 February (Period 1) and 25 February to 24 March (Period 2). Data on patients’ characteristics, attendance, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, stone features, and final treatment choices were retrieved from the computer and compared with the data in the same periods in 2019. Results: The study included 376 patients with ureteral stones during the COVID-19 outbreak periods in 2020 and 343 patients during the same periods in 2019. Compared with the same periods in 2019, the number of patients with ureteral stones was less in Period 1 (137 vs 163) but had a rebound phenomenon in Period 2 (239 vs 180). The visit frequency was significantly reduced (2.6 ± 0.4 vs 3.6 ± 0.8, p < 0.01) and the VAS scores and the onset time increased (7.7 ± 1.3 vs 5.5 ± 1.6, p < 0.01; 7.4 ± 1.8 vs 8.2 ± 1.5, p < 0.01, respectively) in Period 1. More patients chose oral analgesics medication to release from renal colic in the COVID-19 outbreak period instead of ESWL and intravenous analgesics medication (Period 1, 54.0% vs 20.2%, p < 0.01; Period 2, 20.9% vs 13.3%, p = 0.044; respectively). However, the percentage of patients underwent endoscopy surgery in outbreak period showed no significant difference compared with that in 2019. Conclusion: These results showed that the COVID-19 outbreak can directly affect the visits and final treatment choices for patients with ureteral stones.
Upfront middle meningeal artery embolization for treatment of chronic subdural hematomas in patients with or without midline shift
Authors: Gomez-Paz Santiago , Akamatsu Yosuke , Salem Mohamed M , Enriquez-Marulanda Alejandro , Robinson Timothy M , Ogilvy Christopher S , Thomas Ajith J , Moore Justin M 
Published: December 2020

Objectives There is limited data on upfront middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization in the context of significant midline shift (MLS) (greater than 5mm) for the treatment of chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH). This study reports the temporal changes following MMA embolization as an upfront treatment of cSDH in patients with or without MLS and either mild, no symptoms or mild and stable neurological deficits. Methods A retrospective series of patients with a cSDH from a single institution in the United States between 2018-2020 was conducted. Eligible patients were treated with upfront MMA embolization. Results 27 upfront MMA embolization procedures in 23 patients were included. Twelve patients had MLS of 5 millimeters or more (52%). The median maximal thickness at diagnosis was 18 mm [11-22]. The mean distance of MLS was 5 mm ±4. There were no procedural complications. The overall rescue surgery rate was 15%. A single rescue surgery secondary to an increase in hematoma thickness was required (4%). The temporal changes for both hematoma and MLS showed gradual improvement between 2 weeks and 4 weeks post-procedure. The average time-to-resolution of MLS was 46 days in patients with less than 5 mm MLS and 51 days in those with 5 mm or more. Conclusion Upfront MMA embolization for cSDH with a thickness up to 25 mm provides adequate symptom relief, stabilization and/or progressive resorption of the cSDH during follow-up in carefully selected asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients even in the presence of a MLS greater than 5 mm.
Total endovascular treatment for thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm in a patient with Behçet’s disease: Case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Mian , Bartolozzi Luis M , Riambau Vincent 
Published: December 2020

Introduction To report total endovascular treatment for a rare case of Crawford extent IV thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) using custom-designed branched device in a patient with Behçet’s disease. Methods A 50 years’ old man with history of BD was accidentally diagnosed Crawford extent IV TAAA during computed tomography follow-up after left nephrectomy of renal carcinoma. The aneurysm extended from descending aorta to right common iliac artery with a maximum diameter of 6.2 cm. Results The endovascular procedure wassuccessfully performed using custom-designed branched component to cannulate visceral arteries, bifurcated endograft and iliac legs to exclude the aneurysm sac in abdominal aorta and an iliac branched device to preserve the right internal iliac artery. The patient was discharged without any complication. Computed tomography angiogram at one month after endovascular repair demonstrated total exclusion of the aneurysm, patent visceral branches and right internal iliac artery. No complication occurred to six-month follow-up. Conclusion Endovascular treatment of stable TAAA in patients with Behc?et's disease using custom-designed branched device is feasible, microinvasive and safe. The long-term efficacy needs to be observed.
Primary care physicians’ awareness and perceptions on adherence to primary cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Halabi Zeina , Osman Mona , Hoteit Reem 
Published: December 2020

Objectives To assess the awareness and have an insight on practice patterns of primary care physicians (PCPs) with respect to several professional primary cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) preventive guidelines. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, questionnaire-based using a non-probability convenience sampling. Data collection occurred at the annual conferences of the Lebanese Societies of General Practice, Family Medicine, and Internal Medicine in Lebanon. 104 PCPs were recruited. Main Outcome Measures Awareness and practices of CVDs preventive guidelines. Results The response rate was 37%. Awareness of the various CVD preventive guidelines was high among PCPs (>81%). Around 69% of PCPs reported that they always calculate the total cardiovascular risk assessment score. Gaps in managing patients according to guidelines’ recommendations were higher in statin initiation compared to antihypertensive initiation. There is over prescription of statin in low risk patients and underutilization in high risk patients. Around 20% of PCPs would initiate aspirin for a low risk patient. Around 17% of physicians do not perform abdominal aortic aneurysm screening. Discussion Although PCPs demonstrated high level of awareness regarding CVD preventive guidelines, gaps remain present in managing patients according to guidelines’ recommendations. Less adherence to guidelines will increase mortality and affect patient care.
Informatics and machine learning methods for health applications
Authors: Shen Li , Shi Xinghua , Zhao Zhongming , Wang Kai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe 2020 International Conference on Intelligent Biology and Medicine (ICIBM 2020) provided a multidisciplinary forum for computational scientists and experimental biologists to share recent advances on all aspects of intelligent computing, informatics and data science in biology and medicine. ICIBM 2020 was held as a virtual conference on August 9–10, 2020, including four live sessions with forty-one oral presentations over video conferencing. In this special issue, ten high-quality manuscripts were selected after peer-review from seventy-five submissions to represent the medical informatics and decision making aspect of the conference. In this editorial, we briefly summarize these ten selected manuscripts.
German Culex pipiens biotype molestus and Culex torrentium are vector-competent for Usutu virus
Authors: Holicki Cora M. , Scheuch Dorothee E. , Ziegler Ute , Lettow Julia , Kampen Helge , Werner Doreen , Groschup Martin H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Usutu virus (USUV) is a rapidly spreading zoonotic arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) and a considerable threat to the global avifauna and in isolated cases to human health. It is maintained in an enzootic cycle involving ornithophilic mosquitoes as vectors and birds as reservoir hosts. Despite massive die-offs in wild bird populations and the detection of severe neurological symptoms in infected humans, little is known about which mosquito species are involved in the propagation of USUV.

Methods
In the present study, the vector competence of a German (i.e. “Central European”) and a Serbian (i.e. “Southern European”) Culex pipiens biotype molestus laboratory colony was experimentally evaluated. For comparative purposes, Culex torrentium, a frequent species in Northern Europe, and Aedes aegypti, a primarily tropical species, were also tested. Adult female mosquitoes were exposed to bovine blood spiked with USUV Africa 2 and subsequently incubated at 25 °C. After 2 to 3 weeks saliva was collected from each individual mosquito to assess the ability of a mosquito species to transmit USUV.

Results
Culex pipiens biotype molestus mosquitoes originating from Germany and the Republic of Serbia and Cx. torrentium mosquitoes from Germany proved competent for USUV, as indicated by harboring viable virus in their saliva 21 days post infection. By contrast, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were relatively refractory to an USUV infection, exhibiting low infection rates and lacking virus in their saliva.

Conclusions
Consistent with the high prevalences and abundances of Cx. pipiens biotype molestus and Cx. torrentium in Central and Northern Europe, these two species have most likely played a historic role in the spread, maintenance, and introduction of USUV into Germany. Identification of the key USUV vectors enables the establishment and implementation of rigorous entomological surveillance programs and the development of effective, evidence-based vector control interventions.

Graphical Abstract
Clinical characteristics of brain tumor-related epilepsy and factors influencing the identification of epilepsy-associated tumors
Authors: Zhang Xianwen , Zheng Liaoyuan , Duan Jingfeng , Li Zongping , Tang Yufeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
To analyze the clinical features of brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) and explore the factors influencing the identification of epilepsy-associated tumor (EAT), in order to advance the clinical understanding of BTRE and EAT.

Methods
Intracranial tumor origin and location as well as the type of epilepsy were retrospectively reviewed in 153 BTRE patients. The patients were further divided into the EAT and non-EAT groups, and comparisons were made for age, sex, tumor origin and location, and epilepsy type between the two groups.

Results
The 153 BTRE patients were divided into 78 cases with primary intracranial tumor and 75 cases with tumor originating from extracranial metastasis, according to the origin of tumor. According to the location of tumor, 116 cases had tumor lesions located in the brain parenchyma, and 37 cases had tumor lesions located in the meninges. Further, in the group with a brain parenchyma location, 77 cases had single lobular involvement, and 39 cases had multiple-lobular involvement; 84 cases had tumor lesions located in one hemisphere and 32 cases in both hemispheres. According to the type of epilepsy, 92 cases had generalized seizures, and 61 cases had focal seizures. The type of epilepsy did not significantly correlate with the origin of intracranial tumor, the location of tumor lesions (in brain parenchyma or meninges) (P > 0.05), or the hemispherical location (in one or two hemispheres) of lesions (P > 0.05), but was significantly related with the lobular localization of lesions (P < 0.05). The 153 cases of BTRE consisted of 87 EAT and 66 non-EAT, with significant differences in the origin, location and type (being glioma/non-glioma) of tumor. Logistic regression analysis showed that the type of tumor (i.e. whether being glioma) served as an independent factor for EAT identification; the lower the World Health Organization grade of glioma, the more likely the EAT is to be diagnosed (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The majority of BTRE patients in this study had tumors located in the brain parenchyma. In addition, the patients with generalized seizures outnumbered those with focal seizures, and the type of epilepsy was correlated with the lobular location of tumor lesions. The EATs are mostly low-grade gliomas.
Vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms: meta-analysis of studies .
Authors: Wilczyński Krzysztof , Chęcińska Katarzyna , Kulczyk Krzysztof , Janas-Kozik Małgorzata 
Published: December 2020

CelCelem prezentowanego badania była identyfikacja i podsumowanie badań analizujących związek pomiędzy stężeniem witaminy D a ryzykiem i nasileniem objawów depresji, opublikowanych pomiędzy styczniem 2008 a styczniem 2019 r.Materiał i metodyPrzeprowadzono systematyczny przegląd literatury opublikowanej w okresie ostatnich 10 lat i dostępnej w ramach bazy PubMed. Przegląd wykonywany był przez każdego z autorów osobno w oparciu o wcześniej założone kryteria.WynikiZ 823 badań zakwalifikowanych do wstępnej analizy abstraktów, 24 zostały włączone do analizy pełnotekstowej a 18 do meta-analizy. Uzyskano istotne statystycznie ilorazy szans dla wysokiego ryzyka depresji w przebiegu niedoboru witaminy D równe OR=1,51; 95%CI: 1,4-1,62; p<0.01).WnioskiZaprezentowana analiza literatury wydaje się wskazywać na związek pomiędzy ryzykiem zaburzeń depresyjnych a niedoborem witaminy D. Jednakże, dostępne badania nie pozwalają na szczegółowe wyjaśnienie mechanizmu i kierunku tej zależności.
Restructuring emergency eye services during COVID-19 in a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Moussa George , Mushtaq Fizza , Mandal Priyanka , Mathews Namita , Royal Ben , Manjunatha Nonavinakere , Lee Rynn 
Published: December 2020

Background/aims Maintaining emergency eye services is crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article describes the introduction of a new restructured referral pathway to reduce the burden on healthcare providers and create a safe environment. Methods During January and February 2020 (group 1), all appointments were face-to-face with a walk-in eye casualty. The first audit cycle comprised all patients in group 1. The primary audit criteria were discharge rates, referral to subspeciality and reattendance. In April 2020, a remodelled system was implemented in which walk-in attendance ceased and was replaced with telephone triage coupled with digital imaging via NHS email for remote clinical review. Patients requiring further assessment following this triage were invited in for face-to-face appointments. A reaudit was conducted during April–July 2020 (group 2) following implementation of these COVID-19 protocol changes. Results In group 1, 2868 appointments (100.0%) were face-to-face and in group 2 4870 (100.0%) appointments were telephone consults that resulted in 2639 (54.2%) face-to-face appointments. The rate of discharge in the first cycle and second cycle were 55.3% and 76.9% respectively (P<0.0001). Furthermore 2298 (47.2%) patients were able to be discharged following telephone consultation in group 2. Conclusions Using this telephone and digital imaging review triage system, the authors have demonstrated a significant reduction in the need for face-to-face reviews. The reduction in avoidable patient face-to-face reviews allows the system to move from saturated to sustainable while increasing accessibility to services for patients who may not be able to present for face-to-face review. This complete audit cycle successfully charts interventions that maximise accessibility, reduce unnecessary hospital visits and deliver safe and prompt management during the pandemic.
Acute asthma exacerbations: tips from the shop floor
Authors: Lombard E , Gates J , Ruickbie S 
Published: December 2020

Asthma places a significant burden on acute and non-acute services and is frequently encountered in the emergency department and the medical take. The UK has one of the highest asthma mortality rates in Europe. The National Review of Asthma Deaths has identified multiple factors that have contributed to preventable asthma deaths and solutions to these factors, including a better understanding and implementation of asthma guidelines. The British Thoracic Society and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network have recently updated their guidance on the management of asthma. This article outlines the guidelines for junior doctors managing patients with acute exacerbations of asthma. It highlights key areas of the initial assessment, establishing severity and initiating and escalating treatment. Furthermore, the discharge process from discharge criteria to promoting patient safety, education and ongoing self-management is discussed. This process, in particular education and personalised asthma action plans, can make a significant difference to the patient's outcomes and day-to-day burden of symptoms.
Histological aberrations and mode of damage of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by Colletotrichum destructivum
Authors: Enyiukwu David Nwazuo , AMADIOHA ANDERSON CHIDI , ONONUJU CHARLES CHIMEZIE 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Enyiukwu DN, Amadioha AC, Ononuju CC. 2020. Histological aberrations and mode of damage of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by Colletotrichum destructivum. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 16-23. Leaf and stem of healthy 2-week old cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) seedlings were inoculated with spore suspension of the Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara. Sections of the infection courts were prepared and examined under digital microscope. The results showed that the infection process began 12 hours after inoculation (hai) with the germination of spores of the fungus. Large multi-lobed primary hypha (somewhat spherical in shape) developed from the infection peg and remained inside a single epithelial cell for about 3 days. Towards the end of this time, the primary hyphae developed thin filamentous tentacles that punctured and branched into adjoining cells, initiating necrotrophic phase of the disease. During this period, typical anthracnose symptoms began to develop on the infected organs of the crop. The entire infection process lasted a maximum of 96 h, at the end of which acervulus that bore a single seta emerged on infected crop lesions. The mechanism of damage of the pathogen involved intra-cellular and inter-cellular colonization of the host tissues early and late in the disease cycle. The integrity of the affected tissues' cells was compromised by passage and colonization of Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara evidenced by lack of clear-cut middle lamella and cell boundaries. Anthracnose affected cells dispossessed of vital nutrients became turbid, devoid of turgidity and vigor. Thus, these results have strong implications for plant health management in that effective environment-compliant control of the fungus should be initiated on or before the third day following arrival of the conidia of the pathogen on the crop. Seeds are major agents of introduction of Colletotrichum spp. to disease-free locations. Findings from this study also support that strong trans-border control of seeds of the crop should be maintained since the pathogen is known to be seed-borne and demonstrates sufficient cross-infection of crop plants.
Key words: Hemibiotrophy, Colletotrichum destructivum, Anthracnose, Cowpea, Hyphal colonization
Remote testing of vitamin D levels across the UK MS population—A case control study
Authors: Vickaryous Nicola , Jitlal Mark , Jacobs Benjamin Meir , Middleton Rod , Chandran Siddharthan , MacDougall Niall John James , Giovannoni Gavin , Dobson Ruth 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThe association between vitamin D deficiency and multiple sclerosis (MS) is well described. We set out to use remote sampling to ascertain vitamin D status and vitamin D supplementation in a cross-sectional study of people with MS across the UK.MethodsPeople with MS and matched controls were recruited from across the UK. 1768 people with MS enrolled in the study; remote sampling kits were distributed to a subgroup. Dried blood spots (DBS) were used to assess serum 25(OH)D in people with MS and controls.Results1768 MS participants completed the questionnaire; 388 MS participants and 309 controls provided biological samples. Serum 25(OH)D was higher in MS than controls (median 71nmol/L vs 49nmol/L). A higher proportion of MS participants than controls supplemented (72% vs 26%, p<0.001); people with MS supplemented at higher vD doses than controls (median 1600 vs 600 IU/day, p<0.001). People with MS who did not supplement had lower serum 25(OH)D levels than non-supplementing controls (median 38 nmol/L vs 44 nmol/L). Participants engaged well with remote sampling.ConclusionsThe UK MS population have higher serum 25(OH)D than controls, mainly as a result of vitamin D supplementation. Remote sampling is a feasible way of carrying out large studies.