bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thickness of Perirenal Fat Predicts the Growth Pattern of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kashiwagi Eiji , Imada Kenjiro , Abe Tatsuro , Kinoshita Fumio , Monji Keisuke , Shiota Masaki , Takeuchi Ario , Inokuchi Junichi , Tatsugami Katsunori , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: March 2020

Background: Partial nephrectomy is the standard treatment for T1a and select T1b tumors. Tumor location is very important because it may predict surgical complications and malignant potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between adipose tissue, especially around the kidney, and the growth pattern of RCC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed computed tomography scans of 153 patients with stage 1 renal cell carcinoma who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy at our hospital between January 2013 and July 2016. We calculated visceral/subcutaneous/perirenal fat volumes using SYNAPSE VINCENT®. In 60 patients, perirenal fat was immunohistochemically stained for leptin, adiponectin, COX-2 and UCP1, and the association with outward tumor protrusion was evaluated. Results: Among the 153 cases, 88 had confirmed outward expansion (57.5%), 110 were classed as pT1a (52 and 58 with outer and inner expansion, respectively), and 43 were classed as pT1b (36 and seven with outer and inner expansion, respectively; pT1a vs. pT1b, P < 0.0001). A multivariate logistic regression model showed a trend towards significance in pT1b (vs. pT1a; odds ratio [OR] 6.033; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.409– 15.108; P = 0.0001) and perirenal fat percentage >1.0 (vs. ≤1.0; [OR] 2.596; 95% CI = 1.205– 5.591; P = 0.014) as independent predictors for outer protrusion. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for UCP1 expression in 31 out of 41 outgrowth types (75.6%) and in all 19 endogenous types (100%; P = 0.003). Conclusions: Renal cell carcinoma with thick perirenal fat correlates with an increased likelihood of developing outward tumor protrusion; therefore, fat distribution may affect the development of renal cell carcinoma.
Concept and Significance of Criminalistics Classification of Crimes Related to Proxy Battle
Authors: Luhovyi O. M. 
Published: March 2020

The author of the article has analyzed the state of scientific development of criminalistics classification of crimes related to proxy battle in order to prove the need for further research taking into account amendments in the current legislation, as well as current conditions.
Special attention has been paid to the fact that the current criminal law in Ukraine does not handle the categories of “raidership” or “crimes related to proxy battle”; besides, the Criminal Code of Ukraine does not contain the separate Section that would include the list of criminal offenses in in this area, and the norms that provide criminal liability for certain actions accompanied by proxy battle, are dispersed between different Sections of the Special Part of the Code. The legislator while constructing their corpus delicti (perhaps, with the exception of the disposition of the Art. 206² of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) did not use wording indicating the commission of proxy battle. This has resulted in the lack of the unity among scholars – national and international experts specialized in criminalistics, criminology, criminal and other branches of law within the stated issue, as well as among representatives of economic science, although they offered certain approaches to the classification of raidership manifestations.
Taking into account the analyzed scientific points of view, the author has offered the classification of crimes related to proxy battle in accordance with criminal criteria, according to the purpose of committing the crime, as well as according to certain elements of criminalistics characteristic of the researched category of crimes, such as: crime’s modus operandi (the most important), situation, tools, means, crime scene, its consequences, direct object of criminal assault, conditions of its protection against assault, offender’s personality and the way of his life before and after the commission of the crime (including the presence or absence of criminal experience), the victim’s personality and characterizing him information, the ways of hiding the traces of the crime and the perpetrator.
It has been concluded that suggested grounds for criminalistics classification of crimes related to proxy battle are not exhaustive, and this necessitates further research in this area in order of further improvement of investigation method of the specified category of crimes.
Taloustohtori opetuskäytössä
Authors: Latva-Kyyny Marjo , Latukka Arto , Ryhänen Matti , Sipiläinen Timo 
Published: March 2020

Digitalisaation ja verkkopalvelujen ansiosta opetuksen käytössä olevat aineistot monipuolistuvat, mikä avaa mahdollisuuksia rakentaa erilaisia opetusmateriaaleja sekä hyödyntää erilaisia opetusmenetelmiä. Luonnonvarakeskuksen Taloustohtori -alusta julkistettiin 2006 ja sen ensimmäisenä verkkopalveluna oli Maa- ja puutarhatalous, joka tarjosi kaikille mahdollisuuden tarkastella monipuolisesti kirjanpitotilojen taloustuloksia. Oppilaitokset ja opetus yleensäkin ovat yksi keskeinen Taloustohtorin käyttäjäryhmä. Taloustohtorin palveluita on hyödynnetty opetuksessa monipuolisesti talouskäsitteiden konkretisoimisessa sekä maatalousyritysten rakenne- ja tuloskehityksen kuvaamisessa. Opiskelijat tekevät Taloustohtorin avulla tilaryhmävertailua. He hyödyntävät Taloustohtorista saatavia tuloksia erilaisissa opintoihinsa liittyvissä raporteissa sekä opinnäytetöissä. Myös EU-tasolla tulosten vertailua on tehty. Kannattavuuskirjanpitoon osallistuvat yrittäjät ovat päässeet palveluun kirjautumalla tarkastelemaan oman tilansa tuloksia sekä vertailemaan niitä keskiarvotuloksiin. Useisiin palveluihin on liitetty myös kuvitteellinen yritys, mikä antaa mahdollisuuden harjoitella yksittäisen yrityksen tulosten analysointia esim. oppilaitoksissa. Tuhansille palvelun käyttäjille ja myöskään opiskelijoille ei kuitenkaan ole ollut mahdollisuutta tarjota käyttäjätunnuksia, joten he eivät ole voineet harjoitella analyysejä yksittäisellä yrityksellä (vrt. oma tila) vaan pelkästään palvelun tarjoamina ryhmäkeskiarvoina sekä näihin porautuvina hyvät/heikot -ryhmien tuloksina. Taloustohtorin Maa- ja puutarhatalouspalvelua on kehitetty siten, että kuvitteelliset yritykset näkyvät tammikuussa 2020 tehdyn julkistuksen jälkeen ilman kirjautumista kaikille käyttäjille, myös opiskelijoille ja opettajille. Palveluun liitettiin jokaista tuotantosuuntaa edustavat kuvitteelliset yritykset, mikä edelleen monipuolistaa analyysien harjoittelumahdollisuuksia. Edelleen palveluun liitettiin myös maatalouden tuotannonsuunnittelun oppikirjassa (Ryhänen & Sipiläinen 2018) esimerkkeinä olevia kuvitteellisia yrityksiä. Näitä kuvitteellisia yrityksiä voi ottaa mukaan mihin tahansa keskiarvo- tai hyvät/heikot-ryhmätarkasteluun. Näin Taloustohtorin hyödynnettävyys opetuksessa on parantunut entisestään. Tavoitteena on jatkossa tarjota käyttäjille mahdollisuus myös tallentaa keskeiset tiedot omasta maatalousyrityksestä sekä nähdä se sarakkeena tulosraporteissa. Aineiston tallentaminen mahdollistaisi jatkossa myös lähtötietojen muuttamisen ja siitä seuraavien tulosmuutosten herkkyyden tarkastelun. Digitaalisuuden ja verkkopalvelujen myötä toimialan kattavat tietoaineistot ja rekisterit ovat hyödynnettävissä yhä paremmin maatalousopetuksessa. Palvelujen kehittäminen mahdollistaa myös aiempaa monipuolisemman opetuksen ja taloudellisten vaikutusten konkretisoinnin todelliseen havaintoaineistoon perustuvien tietojen pohjalta.
PENGARUH KARTU PINTAR BENCANA TERHADAP SIKAP KESIAPSIAGAAN BENCANA PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DI KOTA TANGERANG TAHUN 2018
Authors: Wasliyah Siti , Kusniawati Kusniawati 
Published: March 2020

Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) mencatat pada bulan Januari sampai Maret tahun 2017 telah terjadi 883 bencana di seluruh Indonesia. Banten merupakan daerah rawan bencana, dimana lebih dari 10 jenis bencana, rawan terjadi didaerah banten dan sekitarnya Pada penilaian indeks risiko bencana daerah dua wilayah di Banten yang memiliki skor di atas 150 poin adalah Kabupaten Lebak dan Pandeglang.(BNPB, 2017). Pengembangan kartu pintar mengenai penanggulangan bencana akan mulai dilakukan pada penelitian ini, dengan harapan strategi peningkatan sikap dalam menghadapi bencana dapat menjangkau sampai anak sekolah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan pretest and postets group design, bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh penggunaan kartu bencana dalam meningkatkan sikap kesiapsiagaan bencana pada anak sekolah dasar. Penelitian dilakukan di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Taman Sukarya di Kota Tangerang pada bulan Juni - Nopember 2018 dengan populasi siswa SDN Taman Sukarya. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah consecutive sampling berjumlah 50 orang untuk masing-masing kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Rerata sikap pada kelompok yang menggunakan kartu (intervensi) adalah 36,28 dengan standar deviasi 4,36. Pada kelompok yang diberikan tidak diberikan intervensi didapat rata-rata sikap adalah 0,26 dengan standar deviasi 0,75. Hasil uji statsitik diadapatkan nilai P value 0,734 (P value < 0,05) maka dapat disimpulkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara rata-rata sikap kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Kartu bencana dapat digunakan sebagai wahana baca dan permainan yang mengandung informasi tentang bencana walaupun tidak meningkatkan sikap kesiapsiagaan bencana pada anak sekolah dasar.
KEADILAN BAGI ISTRI AKIBAT PUTUSAN BATAL DEMI HUKUM
Authors: Supraptiningsih Umi 
Published: March 2020

Marriage is carried out in order to create a happy and eternal family according to based on the hand of God. However, sometimes divorce must be exist as it was desired by the husband. Accordingly, he submitted a plea of divorce to the Religious Court to obtain an aproval. As he obtained the aproval from Religious court to divorce his wife, the husband disobeyed the court orders until the time limit was expired. Of course, it lead to the injustice gained by the wife.
Accordingly, the current research focused on three aspects, namely (1) the legal consequences of verdict with no pronouncing of a divorce pledge. (2) The marital status of both the husband and the wife as the jurisprudence has been void and (3) The justice for the wife because the verdict has been expired due to disobedience carried out by the husband.
Normative research with case study design was accomplished in this study.
The finding revealed that the verdict with no statement of divorce pledge carried out by the husband before the deadline will not bring about effects for both the claiment (husband) or the defendant (wife). In other word, the marital status did not change as they were still legally married. In line with justice, the wife was aggrieved by the husband, and she did not gain justice either on her marital status, rights and legal certainty.
PENGARUH AKUNTABILITAS PUBLIK DAN KEJELASAN SASARAN ANGGARAN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL SKPD DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Kanji Lusiana 
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Akuntabilitas Publik dan Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Manajerial SKPD Kota Makassar.Pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari kuesioner dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling.
Populasinya adalah SKPD Kota Makassar berjumlah 50 SKPD, sedangkan sampel yang diambil berjumlah 54 responden. Hasil kuesioner telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas, juga telah diuji asumsi klasik berupa asumsi normalitas dan heteroskedastisitas. Metode analisis data menggunakan teknik regresi berganda.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Hasil uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa akuntabilitas publik dan kejelasan sasaran anggaran secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja manajerial SKPD di Kota Makassar. Sedangkan akuntabilitas publik secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja manajerial SKPD di Kota Makassar dan kejelasan sasaran anggaran secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja manajerial SKPD di Kota Makassar.
Census of the Young Stellar Population in the Galactic H ii Region Sh2-242
Authors: Panja Alik , Mondal Soumen , Dutta Somnath , Joshi Santosh , Lata Sneh , Das Ramkrishna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present here identification and characterization of the young stellar population associated with an active star-forming site Sh2-242. We used our own new optical imaging and spectroscopic observational data, as well as several archival catalogs, e.g., Pan-STARRS 1, Gaia DR2, IPHAS, Wide-field InfraRed Camera, 2MASS, and Spitzer. Slit spectroscopic results confirm the classification of the main ionizing source BD+26 980 as an early-type star of spectral type B0.5 V. The spectrophotometric distance of the star is estimated as 2.08 ± 0.24 kpc, which confirms the source as a member of the cluster. An extinction map covering a large area (diameter ∼50′) is generated with H and K photometry toward the region. From the map, three distinct locations of peak extinction complexes (A

V
≃ 7–17 mag) are identified for the very first time. Using the infrared color excess, a total of 33 Class I and 137 Class II young objects are classified within the region. The IPHAS photometry reveals classification of 36 Hα emitting sources, which might be class II objects. Among 36 Hα emitting sources, 5 are already identified using infrared excess emission. In total, 201 young objects are classified toward S242 from this study. The membership status of the young sources is further windowed with the inclusion of parallax from the Gaia DR2 catalog. Using the optical and infrared color–magnitude diagrams, the young stellar objects are characterized with an average age of ∼1 Myr and masses in the range 0.1–3.0 M
☉. The census of the stellar content within the region is discussed using combined photometric and spectroscopic data.
Permittivity Estimation of Subsurface Deposits in the Elysium–Utopia Region on Mars with MRO Shallow Radar Sounder Data
Authors: Meng Xu , Xu Yi , Xiao Long , Xiao Zhiyong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Dielectric properties of the subsurface layers provide important clues to material compositions beneath the surface. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Shallow Radar (SHARAD) observed clear subsurface reflections in the Elysium–Utopia region, where morphological features such as impact craters with rampart ejecta suggest the possible presence of volatiles, but the permittivity of the subsurface unit beneath the surface strata has not been derived yet to provide independent evidence for or against the presence of water ice. In this paper, we employed a three-layer model consisting a surface mantling layer (layer I), a shallow subsurface layer (layer II), and a deep subsurface layer (layer III) to invert the permittivity of layer III, which considers the surface roughness and attenuation of radar waves in layer II. The obtained permittivity and loss tangent in the study region confirm that the materials of layer II are dense basaltic flows. Then, the permittivity of layer III is derived as 2.6 ± 0.9, suggesting that subsurface water ice may be present, or a layer of dry and low-density deposits exists beneath the basalt layer. The hypothesis could be further tested by the ground-penetrating radar of China’s first Martian mission, to be launched in 2020. Our results also show that the surface mantling layer included in the model is essential in the calculation of permittivity values.
Nearly Century-scale Variation of the Sun’s Radius
Authors: Hiremath K. M. , Rozelot J. P. , Sarp V. , Kilcik A. , D. G. Pavan , Gurumath Shashanka R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Kodaikanal Archive Program (India) is now available to the scientific community in digital form as daily digitized solar white light pictures, from 1923 to 2011. We present here the solar radius data, obtained after a painstaking effort to remove all effects that contribute to the error in their measurements (limb darkening, distortion of the objective lens, refraction, other instrumental effects, etc.). These data were analyzed to reveal any significant periodic variations, after applying a multi-taper method with red noise approximation and the Morlet wavelet transform analysis. After removing obvious periodic variations (such as solar rotation and Earth annual rotation), we found a possible cycle variation at 11.4 yr, quasi biennial oscillations at 1.5 and 3.8 yr, and Rieger-type periodicity at ≈159, 91, and 63 days. Another

yr periodicity (as a mean) resulting from two other main periodicities detected at 6.3–7.8 yr can be identified as an atmospheric component. The detrending data show, over a mean radius of

, a residual of less than ≈(−)1 mas over the time period of analysis: if not spurious, this estimate indicates a faint decline, but probably confirms more the constancy of the solar diameter during the considered ranging time, within instrumental and methodological limits. The Kodaikanal long quality observations contribute to international efforts to bring past solar data measurements to the community to further explore issues, for instance, those of the luminosity/radius properties that could be used to pinpoint the “seat of the solar cycle.”
Origins of X-Ray Line Emissions in Circinus X-1 at Very Low X-Ray Flux
Authors: Schulz N. S. , Kallman T. E. , Heinz S. , Sell P. , Jonker P. , Brandt W. N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Accretion conditions and morphologies of X-ray transients containing neutron stars are still poorly understood. Circinus X-1 is an enigmatic case where we observe X-ray flux changes covering four orders of magnitude. We observed Circinus X-1 several times at its very lowest X-ray flux using the high-energy transmission grating spectrometer on board the Chandra X-ray Observatory. At a flux of

erg cm−2 s−1 we observed a single 1.6 keV blackbody spectrum. The observed continuum luminosity of 1035 erg s−1 is about two orders of magnitude too low to explain the observed photoionized luminosity, suggesting a much more complex structure of the X-ray source that is partially or entirely obscured, as had been previously suggested. This affects most emissions from the accretion disk, including previously observed accretion-disk coronal line emissions. Instead, the strongest observed photoionized lines are blueshifted by about ∼400 km s−1, and we suggest that they originate in the ionized wind of a B5Ia supergiant companion, supporting a previous identification. The neutron star in Cir X-1 is very young and should have a high magnetic field. At the observed luminosity, the emission radius of the blackbody is small enough to be associated with the accretion hot spot as the X-ray-emitting region. The small emission radius then points to a field strength below 1012 G, which would be consistent with the observation of occasional type I X-ray bursts at high magnetic fields. We discuss Cir X-1 in the context of being a high-mass X-ray binary, with some emphasis on a possible Be-star X-ray binary nature.
How Efficient Is the Streaming Instability in Viscous Protoplanetary Disks?
Authors: Chen Kan , Lin Min-Kai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The streaming instability is a popular candidate for planetesimal formation by concentrating dust particles to trigger gravitational collapse. However, its robustness against the physical conditions expected in protoplanetary disks is unclear. In particular, particle stirring by turbulence may impede the instability. To quantify this effect, we develop the linear theory of the streaming instability with external turbulence modeled by gas viscosity and particle diffusion. We find the streaming instability is sensitive to turbulence, with growth rates becoming negligible for alpha viscosity parameters

, where

is the particle Stokes number. We explore the effect of nonlinear drag laws, which may be applicable to porous dust particles, and find growth rates are modestly reduced. We also find that gas compressibility increases growth rates by reducing the effect of diffusion. We then apply the linear theory to global models of viscous protoplanetary disks. For minimum-mass solar nebula disk models, we find the streaming instability only grows within disk lifetimes beyond tens of astronomical units, even for centimeter-sized particles and weak turbulence (

). Our results suggest it is rather difficult to trigger the streaming instability in nonlaminar protoplanetary disks, especially for small particles.
Dynamics of Descending Knots in a Solar Prominence and Their Possible Contributions to the Heating of the Local Corona
Authors: Bi Yi , Yang Bo , Li Ting , Dong Yan , Ji Kaifan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The knots in solar prominences are often observed to fall with nearly constant velocity, but the associated physical mechanism is currently not well understood. In this Letter, we present a prominence observed by the New Vacuum Solar Telescope in H
α
wavelength. Knots that rose within the prominence appear to have been preferentially located at higher altitude, whereas those that fell were found throughout the entire prominence structure. The descending speed of the knots near the solar surface was higher than that far away from the solar surface. We noted that the knots near the solar surface may run along a set of coronal loops observed from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. Elsewhere, the majority of knots are interpreted to have descended across more horizontal magnetic fields with a nearly constant speed. This lack of acceleration indicates that the liberated gravitational potential energy may not manifest as an increase in kinetic energy. Assuming instead that the descending knots were capable of exciting Alfvén waves that could then dissipate within the local corona, the gravitational potential energy of the knots may have been converted into thermal energy. Assuming a perfectly elastic system, we therefore estimate that the gravitational energy loss rate of these observed knots amounts to ≈1/2000 of that required to heat the entire quiet Sun, increasing to 1/320 when considering possibly further downward motions of the knots having disappeared in the H
α
observations. This result suggests such a mechanism may contribute to the heating of the corona local to these prominences.
Testing the Hypothesis of a Compact-binary-coalescence Origin of Fast Radio Bursts Using a Multimessenger Approach
Authors: Wang Min-Hao , Ai Shun-Ke , Li Zheng-Xiang , Xing Nan , Gao He , Zhang Bing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the literature, compact binary coalescences (CBCs) have been proposed as one of the main scenarios to explain the origin of some non-repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs). The large discrepancy between the FRB and CBC event rate densities suggests that their associations, if any, should only apply at most for a small fraction of FRBs. Through a Bayesian estimation method, we show how a statistical analysis of the coincident associations of FRBs with CBC gravitational wave (GW) events may test the hypothesis of these associations. We show that during the operation period of the advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (aLIGO), the detection of ∼100 (∼1000) GW-less FRBs with dispersion measure (DM) values smaller than 500 pc cm−3 could reach the constraint that less than 10% (or 1%) FRBs are related to binary black hole (BBH) mergers. The same number of FRBs with DM values smaller than 100 pc cm−3 is required to reach the same constraint for binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. With the upgrade of GW detectors, the same constraints for BBH and BNS mergers can be reached with fewer FRBs or looser requirements for the DM values. It is also possible to pose constraints on the fraction of each type of CBCs that are able to produce observable FRBs based on the event density of FRBs and CBCs. This would further constrain the dimensionless charge of black holes (BHs) in binary BH systems.