bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yersinia YopT inhibits RLH‐mediated NF‐κB and IRF3 signal transduction
Authors: Li Dongyu , Wang Haoyong , Zhang Pingping , Zhang Yanhong , He Xiang , Zhong Hui , Guan Kai , Min Min , Gao Qi , Wei Congwen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Gram‐negative bacterial pathogen Yersinia delivers six effector proteins into the host cells to block the host innate immune response. One of the effectors, YopT, is a potent cysteine protease that causes the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton to inhibit phagocytosis of the pathogen; however, its molecular mechanism and relevance to pathogenesis need further investigation. In this report, we show that RIG‐I is a novel target of the YopT protein. Remarkably, YopT interacts with RIG‐I and inhibits rat liver homogenate‐mediated nuclear factor‐κB and interferon regulatory factor‐3 activation. Further studies revealed a YopT‐dependent increase in the K48‐polymerized ubiquitination of RIG‐I. These findings suggest that YopT negatively regulates RIG‐I‐mediated cellular antibacterial response by targeting RIG‐I.
Hantavirus diseases pathophysiology, their diagnostic strategies and therapeutic approaches: A review
Authors: Munir Naveed , Jahangeer Muhammad , Hussain Shoukat , Mahmood Zahed , Ashiq Mehvish , Ehsan Fatima , Akram Muhammad , Ali Shah Syed Muhammad , Riaz Muhammad , Sana Aneezah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHantaviruses are enveloped negative (−) single‐stranded RNA viruses belongs to Hantaviridae family, hosted by small rodents and entering into the human body through inhalation, causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) also known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Hantaviruses infect approximately more than 200 000 people annually all around the world and its mortality rate is about 35%–40%. Hantaviruses play significant role in affecting the target cells as these inhibit the apoptotic factor in these cells. These viruses impair the integrity of endothelial barrier due to an excessive innate immune response that is proposed to be central in the pathogenesis and is a hallmark of hantavirus disease. A wide range of different diagnostic tools including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblot assay (IBA), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and other molecular techniques are used as detection tools for hantavirus in the human body. Now the availability of therapeutic modalities is the major challenge to control this deadly virus because still no FDA approved drug or vaccine is available. Antiviral agents, DNA‐based vaccines, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies neutralized the viruses so these techniques are considered as the hope for the treatment of hantavirus disease. This review has been compiled to provide a comprehensive overview of hantaviruses disease, its pathophysiology, diagnostic tools and the treatment approaches to control the hantavirus infection.
A novel hybrid whale optimization algorithm with flower pollination algorithm for feature selection: Case study Email spam detection
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Hekmat , Gharehchopogh Farhad Soleimanian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFeature selection (FS) in data mining is one of the most challenging and most important activities in pattern recognition. In this article, a new hybrid model of whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is presented for the problem of FS based on the concept of opposition‐based learning (OBL) which name is HWOAFPA. The procedure is that the WOA is run first and at the same time during the run, the WOA population is changed by the OBL. And, to increase the accuracy and speed of convergence, it is used as the initial population of FPA. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, experiments were carried out in two steps. The experiments were performed on 10 datasets from the UCI data repository and Email spam detection datasets. The results obtained from the first step showed that the proposed method was more successful in terms of the average size of selection and classification accuracy than other basic metaheuristic algorithms. In addition, the results from the second step showed that the proposed method which was a run on the Email spam dataset performed much more accurately than other similar algorithms in terms of accuracy of Email spam detection.
Current and future impacts of drought and ozone stress on Northern Hemisphere forests
Authors: Otu‐Larbi Frederick , Conte Adriano , Fares Silvano , Wild Oliver , Ashworth Kirsti 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRising ozone (O3) concentrations, coupled with an increase in drought frequency due to climate change, pose a threat to plant growth and productivity which could negatively affect carbon sequestration capacity of Northern Hemisphere (NH) forests. Using long‐term observations of O3 mixing ratios and soil water content (SWC), we implemented empirical drought and O3 stress parameterizations in a coupled stomatal conductance–photosynthesis model to assess their impacts on plant gas exchange at three FLUXNET sites: Castelporziano, Blodgett and Hyytiälä. Model performance was evaluated by comparing model estimates of gross primary productivity (GPP) and latent heat fluxes (LE) against present‐day observations. CMIP5 GCM model output data were then used to investigate the potential impact of the two stressors on forests by the middle (2041–2050) and end (2091–2100) of the 21st century. We found drought stress was the more significant as it reduced model overestimation of GPP and LE by ~11%–25% compared to 1%–11% from O3 stress. However, the best model fit to observations at all the study sites was obtained with O3 and drought stress combined, such that the two stressors counteract the impact of each other. With the inclusion of drought and O3 stress, GPP at CPZ, BLO and HYY is projected to increase by 7%, 5% and 8%, respectively, by mid‐century and by 14%, 11% and 14% by 2091–2100 as atmospheric CO2 increases. Estimates were up to 21% and 4% higher when drought and O3 stress were neglected respectively. Drought stress will have a substantial impact on plant gas exchange and productivity, off‐setting and possibly negating CO2 fertilization gains in future, suggesting projected increases in the frequency and severity of droughts in the NH will play a significant role in forest productivity and carbon budgets in future.
LncRNAs in cardiac hypertrophy: From basic science to clinical application
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhang Donghui , Li Yifei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCardiac hypertrophy is a typical pathological phenotype of cardiomyopathy and a result from pathological remodelling of cardiomyocytes in humans. At present, emerging evidence demonstrated the roles of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating the pathophysiological process of cardiac hypertrophy. Herein, we would like to review the recent researches on this issue and try to analysis the potential therapeutic targets on lncRNA sites. Studies have revealed both genetic mutations related hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the compensative cardiac hypertrophy due to pressure overload, inflammation, endocrine issues and other external stimulations, share a common molecular mechanism of ventricular hypertrophy. The emerging evidence identified the abnormal expression of lncRNAs would leading to the impairment the function of sarcomere, intracellular calcium handling and mitochondrial metabolisms. Several researches proved the therapeutic role of lncRNAs in preventing or reversing cardiac hypertrophy. With the development of delivery system for small pieces of oligonucleotide, clinicians could design gene therapy approaches to terminate the process of cardiac hypertrophy to provide better prognosis.
The AKR1C3/AR‐V7 complex maintains CRPC tumour growth by repressing B4GALT1 expression
Authors: Wang Bin , Wu Shiqi , Fang Yong , Sun Guangxi , He Dalin , Hsieh Jer‐Tsong , Wang Xinyang , Zeng Hao , Wu Kaijie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMultiple mechanisms contribute to the survival and growth of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) cells without androgen, including androgen receptor splice variants (AR‐V) and de novo intratumoral androgen synthesis. AKR1C3 is a critical androgenic enzyme that plays different roles in mCRPC, such as an EMT driver or AR coactivator. However, the relationship and regulatory mechanisms between AKR1C3 and AR‐V remain largely unknown. In this study, we observed a positive correlation between AKR1C3 and AR‐V7 staining in tissues from prostate rebiopsy at mCRPC. Mechanistically, AKR1C3 interacts with AR‐V7 protein in CRPC cells, which can reciprocally inhibit AR‐V7 and AKR1C3 protein degradation. Biologically, this complex is essential for in vitro and in vivo tumour growth of CRPC cells after androgen deprivation as it represses B4GALT1, a unique tumour suppressor gene in PCa. Together, this study reveals AKR1C3/AR‐V7 complex as a potential therapeutic target in mCRPC.
Prolapse of a pedunculated uterine leiomyoma through the cervix during GnRH antagonist treatment: Case report and literature review
Authors: Ishizawa Chihiro , Hirota Yasushi , Urata Yoko , Morishima Kaoru , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe here describe a case of the prolapse of pedunculated submucosal leiomyoma through the cervix during the treatment of a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist relugolix. We also present the literature review of the cases of leiomyoma prolapse during GnRH modulators. A 55‐year‐old woman with atypical vaginal bleeding diagnosed submucosal uterine fibroid 6 cm in diameter, and daily oral administration of relugolix was conducted. On the 35th day of the administration, heavy vaginal bleeding suddenly occurred due to leiomyoma prolapse. Finally, she underwent abdominal hysterectomy to treat heavy bleeding. To date, six cases of leiomyoma prolapse during GnRH modulators have been reported, in which all the previous cases were treated with GnRH agonists. This is the first case report of leiomyoma prolapse during GnRH antagonist treatment. Notably, leiomyoma prolapse is a possible common adverse effect of GnRH modulators for the treatment of submucosal leiomyoma, which is caused by rapid decrease in its volume.
Canalis sinuosus: An Anatomic Repair that May Prevent Success of Dental Implants in Anterior Maxilla
Authors: Lopes dos Santos Gabriela , Ikuta Carla Renata Sanomiya , Salzedas Leda Maria Pescinini , Miyahara Glauco Issamu , Tjioe Kellen Cristine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCanalis sinuosus(CS) is a neurovascular canal that corresponds to a small branch of the infraorbital canal. It contains the anterior superior alveolar nerve and vessels, supplying the anterior maxilla. Despite having been described 81 years ago, CS is not recognized by many dental practitioners and may be the cause of unintended injuries during dental procedures. The aims of this study are to report a case of a patient who suffered pain due to exposure of the CS, to provide a comprehensive review of other CS cases that were challenging to diagnose, and to propose guidelines for preoperative examination of patients undergoing surgical procedures in the anterior maxilla. The review of the literature revealed six cases, in addition to the one presented here, of unintended or potential damage to CS. Five out of seven cases were related to dental implant placement and resulted in postoperative pain and/or paresthesia. The dental implant was removed in 4 out of the 5 cases. This study reinforces the importance of awareness of CS by dental practitioners and provides a protocol for the preoperative examination of the patient to prevent avoidable injuries to CS.
Get healthy to marry or marry to get healthy?
Authors: Cortez Gina R. , Lee Seonhwa , Roberson Patricia N. E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study tested selection and causal effects on the marriage‐health link by analyzing predictors of mortality through body mass index (BMI) and chronic illnesses (CI) on emerging adults (EA; N = 302) who were followed biannually for 8 years from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Results showed EA with unhealthy BMI's are more likely to marry and improve their BMI after marrying, substantiating selection and causal effects. Only the selection effect was substantiated for CI, whereby White EAs with CI were less likely to marry. Marriage appears to benefit overall health for EA, as findings suggest improved health behaviors after marriage. Future research should assess what health behaviors change during marriage for EA and if they help CI management.
Comparisons of Endwall Overall Effectiveness From Two Film Hole Distribution Patterns at Low and High Exit Mach Numbers
Authors: Yang Xing , Liu Zhansheng , Zhao Qiang , Liu Zhao , Feng Zhenping , Simon Terrence W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, detailed overall cooling effectiveness and associated flow patterns are presented for two distinct film hole distribution patterns over a turbine endwall: an axial-row pattern and an iso-Mach number line row pattern. Measurements, in combination with numerical simulations, are performed in a scaled-up cascade. Thermal protection for the endwall is achieved by jet-array impingement on the cold side and discrete film cooling on the hot-gas side, combined with purge air from an inclined slot that simulates the upstream seal cavity. Infrared (IR) thermography techniques are used to obtain overall effectiveness in a wide range of coolant flow ratios of 1.5–3.8%. Mach numbers at the exit of the vane cascade are 0.25 and 0.70, representing the variations of engine operating conditions. Overall effectiveness measurements and computational flowfields show that the iso-Mach number line hole pattern outperforms the hole pattern with axial rows of holes in terms of overall effectiveness levels and thermodynamic energy losses, regardless of coolant flow ratios. Increasing Mach number increases overall effectiveness levels on the endwall and higher Mach numbers generate higher effectiveness improvement for the iso-Mach number line arrangement, relative to the axial-row configuration. Additionally, adding purge air to the endwall considerably improves the overall effectiveness levels and purge air performs better for the axial-row pattern due to no direct interactions with downstream discrete coolant injection.
Risk of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and prediabetes
Authors: Sasaki Nobuo , Ozono Ryoji , Maeda Ryo , Higashi Yukihito 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionLittle is known about the risk of hypertension in patients with the early stage of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the risk of hypertension in participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and prediabetes.Research design and methodsThis is a retrospective cohort study consisting of 2136 middle-aged participants (1022 with normal fasting glucose/normal glucose tolerance (NFG/NGT), 418 with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 466 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 230 with diabetes) and 3426 elderly participants (1762 with NFG/NGT, 599 with IFG, 781 with IGT, and 284 with diabetes). All participants underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests at baseline.ResultsOver a median 59-month follow-up period, 459 middle-aged and 1170 elderly participants developed hypertension. In middle-aged participants, the odds of incident hypertension were significantly higher in those with IFG (OR 1.40; p=0.019), IGT (OR 1.49; p=0.004), and diabetes (OR 1.55; p=0.013) than those with NFG/NGT, which was no longer significant after adjustment for body mass index. Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of hypertension was significantly higher in diabetes than NFG/NGT only in participants without obesity. Conversely, obesity was a risk factor of hypertension only in those with IFG and NFG/NGT. In elderly participants, there was no difference in the risk of hypertension among the NFG/NGT, IFG, IGT and diabetes groups.ConclusionsThe risk of hypertension is modest in participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. Our findings suggest that the early stages of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes may be a key period for reducing hypertension, given the pronounced risk of hypertension in patients with diabetes reported in previous studies. In terms of reducing the risk for hypertension, obesity treatment might be advantageous in the early stages rather than the advanced stages of impaired glucose metabolism.
Biomarkers and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalisations: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Malik Preeti , Patel Urvish , Mehta Deep , Patel Nidhi , Kelkar Raveena , Akrmah Muhammad , Gabrilove Janice L , Sacks Henry 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate association between biomarkers and outcomes in COVID-19 hospitalised patients. COVID-19 pandemic has been a challenge. Biomarkers have always played an important role in clinical decision making in various infectious diseases. It is crucial to assess the role of biomarkers in evaluating severity of disease and appropriate allocation of resources.Design and settingSystematic review and meta-analysis. English full text observational studies describing the laboratory findings and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalised patients were identified searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, medRxiv using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms COVID-19 OR coronavirus OR SARS-CoV-2 OR 2019-nCoV from 1 December 2019 to 15 August 2020 following Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines.ParticipantsStudies having biomarkers, including lymphocyte, platelets, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C reactive protein (CRP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, procalcitonin (PCT) and creatine kinase (CK), and describing outcomes were selected with the consensus of three independent reviewers.Main outcome measuresComposite poor outcomes include intensive care unit admission, oxygen saturation <90%, invasive mechanical ventilation utilisation, severe disease, in-hospital admission and mortality. The OR and 95% CI were obtained and forest plots were created using random-effects models. Publication bias and heterogeneity were assessed by sensitivity analysis.Results32 studies with 10 491 confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. We found that lymphopenia (pooled-OR: 3.33 (95% CI: 2.51–4.41); p<0.00001), thrombocytopenia (2.36 (1.64–3.40); p<0.00001), elevated D-dimer (3.39 (2.66–4.33); p<0.00001), elevated CRP (4.37 (3.37–5.68); p<0.00001), elevated PCT (6.33 (4.24–9.45); p<0.00001), elevated CK (2.42 (1.35–4.32); p=0.003), elevated AST (2.75 (2.30–3.29); p<0.00001), elevated ALT (1.71 (1.32–2.20); p<0.00001), elevated creatinine (2.84 (1.80–4.46); p<0.00001) and LDH (5.48 (3.89–7.71); p<0.00001) were independently associated with higher risk of poor outcomes.ConclusionOur study found a significant association between lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and elevated levels of CRP, PCT, LDH, D-dimer and COVID-19 severity. The results have the potential to be used as an early biomarker to improve the management of COVID-19 patients, by identification of high-risk patients and appropriate allocation of healthcare resources in the pandemic.
Knowledge, behaviour and attitudes towards Chagas disease among the Bolivian migrant population living in Japan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Iglesias Rodríguez Inés María , Mizukami Shusaku , Manh Dao Huy , Thuan Tieu Minh , Justiniano Hugo Alberto , Miura Sachio , Ito George , Huy Nguyen Tien , Smith Chris , Hirayama Kenji 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the knowledge, behaviour and attitudes towards Chagas disease (CD) among Latin American migrants in Japan and to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational activity (EA) in increasing knowledge of CD.DesignA cross-sectional, mixed-methods study employing a preknowledge and postknowledge test and focus group discussion, conducted from March 2018 to June 2018.ParticipantsSeventy-two participants were included, all born in Bolivia and residents in four Japanese cities. Fifty-nine of them participated in the EA.InterventionsThe EA comprised showing three videos about CD and a group discussion covering different dimensions of CD and was evaluated with questionnaires to analyse the knowledge of the participants before and after.ResultsSeventy-two participants were enrolled, predominantly from highly endemic CD areas of Bolivia. Though most participants were familiar with vector-borne transmission, epidemiology and symptomatology of CD, the baseline knowledge of CD was low. Less than 10% of them had been tested prior for CD. The dominant factors associated with better knowledge were living in Japan for more than 10 years (OR=8.42, 95% CI 1.56 to 48.62) and previously testing for CD (OR=11.32; 95% CI 1.52 to 105.9). The EA significantly improved the CD knowledge of the participants (p value <0.0001; 95% CI 2.32 to 3.84). The participants associated the term ‘Chagas’ mostly with fear and concern. The level of stigmatisation was low, in contrast to the results of other studies. The barriers encountered in care-seeking behaviour were language, the migration process and difficulties to access the healthcare system.ConclusionEA with an integrative approach is useful to increase the knowledge of CD within the Bolivian migrant population living in Japan. The activity brings the possibility to explore not only the level of knowledge but also to reveal experiences and to understand the needs of the people at risk. Considering them as actors towards healthcare solutions could lead to better outcomes for the success of future policies and interventions aimed to decrease the global burden.
EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2 utility scores in people living with chronic low back pain: a survey from Quebec
Authors: Poder Thomas G , Wang Liang , Carrier Nathalie 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo describe how chronic low back pain (CLBP) impacts on utility scores and which patients’ characteristics most affect these scores in the province of Quebec.SettingsProvince of Quebec, Canada.Participants569 adult patients with CLBP.Methods and outcomesAn online survey on low back pain was conducted between October 2018 and January 2019. The EuroQol Five Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) and the Short Form Six Dimensions version 2 (SF-6Dv2) are two generic preference-based measures used to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and provide quality-adjusted life-year utility values.ResultsThe number of subjects who agreed to participate was 610, but 41 were excluded because 8 had low back pain for less than 3 months and 33 did not start the survey. A total of 569 subjects were analysed, but only 410 completed the survey up to the EQ-5D-5L or SF-6Dv2 sections. Median (range) of EQ-5D-5L was 0.622 (−0.072 to 0.905), and mean (range) of SF-6Dv2 and EQ-Visual Analogue Scale was 0.561 (0.301–0.829) and 51.0 (0–100), respectively. In all multivariate models, health or life satisfaction increased the health utility score, while pain reduced it. Co-occurring health problems were present for a majority (68%) of participants, mainly fatigue/insomnia (57.4%), musculoskeletal disorder (56.2%) and mental disorder (44%).ConclusionThis study provided utility scores with EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2 in patients with CLBP in Quebec, and results were similar to other studies conducted in different settings. These values were well below those reported in the Quebec general population and highlight the association between CLBP and HRQoL.