bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytically derived space time-based boundary condition (STBC) to account for stress wave propagation in a heterogeneous micromechanical model at hypervelocity impact
Authors: Li Zhiye , Ghosh Somnath 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Recent years have seen a surge in research on material and structural response of composites using the homogenization based hierarchical modeling method. The microstructural representative volume element (RVE) is a small micro-region for which the volume average of variables is the same as those for the entire body. Representations of the microstructure are used for micromechanical simulations in determination of effective material properties by homogenization. Conventionally, periodic boundary conditions (PBC) are applied on the RVE boundary. However, when the heterogeneous microstructure is under very high strain rate loading conditions (105s−1−107s−1), periodic boundary conditions (PBC) do not accurately represent the effect of stress wave propagation. Improper boundary conditions can lead to significant error in homogenized material properties. In order to increase the accuracy of the homogenization model, this study introduces a new space-time dependent boundary condition (STBC) for a 3D microscopic RVE subjected to high strain rate deformation in explicit FEM simulation by using the characteristics method of traveling waves. The advantages of the STBC are discussed in comparison with time-dependent averaged results of examples using PBC. The proposed STBC offers significant advantages over conventional PBC in the RVE-based analysis of heterogeneous materials.
Explosion of hydrazine tanks due to space debris impacts
Authors: Limido Jérôme , Puillet Christian , Vila Jean-Paul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The impact of space debris on a spacecraft can result in a catastrophic event that not only destroys the structure but can also create more space debris. The design of any spacecraft requires understanding the potential damage that can be inflicted by such an event. We consider the case of a satellite hydrazine fuel tank and the consequences of a hypervelocity impact from space debris. The purpose of this study is to better understand the mechanisms of detonation of hydrazine vapor during a hypervelocity impact on a low-pressure reservoir. The IMPETUS Afea Solver® and Explo5 software were used to perform numerical simulations of operational impact configurations (v = 14 km / s). The multi-scale calculations are performed using the Next Generation IMPETUS ɣSPH solver. A numerical assessment of the impact performance at the scale of the reactive fluid reservoir representative of a real configuration (global and local scale) was carried out. The model includes the detonation in the fluid and the transfer of the momentum to the structure which includes capturing the perforation of the structure that results from the explosive loading. A first diagram (impact velocity, diameter / perforation-explosion) was constructed on a reference tank of diameter 50cm and thickness 1mm in titanium.
Validating Ice Impacts Using Adaptive Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for Planetary Defense
Authors: Graninger Dawn , Syal Megan Bruck , Owen J. Michael , Miller Paul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Understanding how a potentially hazardous object (PHO) responds to a kinetic impactor is of great interest to the planetary defense community. Target response depends upon the detailed material properties of the PHO, which may not be well constrained ahead of time. Hence, it is useful to explore a variety of target compositions for kinetic impact deflection. Previous validation efforts have focused primarily on understanding the behavior of common rocky materials, though PHOs are not exclusively composed of such material. Water ice is one material for which there has been only limited code validation against cratering experiments. It is known that comets consist of primarily icy material and some asteroids likely contain some amount of ice. Therefore, it is useful to understand the model sensitivities for ice in deflection simulations. Here we present Adaptive Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations of impacts into water ice by an aluminum projectile. We explore the sensitivities to the damage model within our code and find that the best-fit simulations of ice occur with a Weibull modulus of 12, though results can be obtained with values of the Weibull modulus near the published value of 9.59. This work demonstrates the efficacy of using an adaptive smoothed particle hydrodynamics code to simulate impacts into ice.
Deportabilidade
Authors: Ruseishvili Svetlana , Chaves João 
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo, procura-se refletir sobre o texto da Portaria no 666, publicada pelo Ministro da Justiça e Segurança Pública no dia 26 de julho de 2019, no contexto da legislação migratória brasileira. Discute-se que o evidente desacordo da Portaria com os princípios que regem a nova Lei de Migração é uma manifestação da contradição contemporânea entre a concepção clássica da soberania como monopólio do Estado sobre o seu território e a erosão dessa última pelas novas práticas de governança global. Argumenta-se também que o texto da Portaria produz a deportabilidade do migrante, compreendida como a possibilidade de removê-lo do território nacional de maneira sumária. A deportabilidade reforça a ilusão de provisoriedade do migrante e provoca a moralização de sua condição pela sociedade do país de instalação. Produzindo efeitos econômicos e políticos concretos na vida dos migrantes, a Portaria anuncia também uma possível mudança de paradigma migratório no Brasil.
Circulating Rather Than Intestinal PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9) Regulates Postprandial Lipemia in Mice
Authors: Garçon Damien , Moreau François , Ayer Audrey , Dijk Wieneke , Prieur Xavier , Arnaud Lucie , Roubtsova Anna , Seidah Nabil , Prat Annik , Cariou Bertrand , Le May Cédric 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Increased postprandial lipemia (PPL) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. PCSK9 (Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9) is an endogenous inhibitor of the LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) pathway. We previously showed that PCSK9 inhibition in mice reduces PPL. However, the relative contribution of intracellular intestinal PCSK9 or liver-derived circulating PCSK9 to this effect is still unclear.

Approach and Results:

To address this issue, we generated the first intestine-specific
Pcsk9
-deficient (i-
Pcsk9
−/−
) mouse model. PPL was measured in i-
Pcsk9
−/−
as well as in wild-type and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice following treatment with a PCSK9 monoclonal antibody (alirocumab). Blocking the circulating form of PCSK9 with alirocumab significantly reduced PPL, while overexpressing human PCSK9 in the liver of full Pcsk9
−/−
mice had the opposite effect. Alirocumab regulated PPL in a LDLR-dependent manner as this effect was abolished in Ldlr
−/−
mice. In contrast, i-
Pcsk9
−/−
mice did not exhibit alterations in plasma lipid parameters nor in PPL. Finally, PPL was highly exacerbated by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in
Pcsk9
+/+
but not in
Pcsk9
−/−
mice, an effect that was mimicked by the use of alirocumab in streptozotocin-treated
Pcsk9
+/+
mice.

Conclusions:
Taken together, our data demonstrate that PPL is significantly altered by full but not intestinal PCSK9 deficiency. Treatment with a PCSK9 monoclonal antibody mimics the effect of PCSK9 deficiency on PPL suggesting that circulating PCSK9 rather than intestinal PCSK9 is a critical regulator of PPL. These data validate the clinical relevance of PCSK9 inhibitors to reduce PPL, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Boarding a Full Bus
Authors: Vierke Clarissa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper interrogates the notion of intervention in popular poetry. It takes the example of popular poetry from Dar es Salaam, which has so far not received much scholarly attention, since it can neither be classified as traditional nor avantgarde. The urban poets struggle to make ends meet, but regularly publish their poetry in the newspaper or through social media and organize themselves in networks. They often remain without a voice in their society, but, contrary to a romanticist perception of the downtrodden, also do not seem to do much to criticize the status quo. Rather than following patterns of postcolonial paradigms which reduce poetry to a political message, I will argue for the potential of the aesthetic experience of poetry, whose imagery stirs the imagination of alternative worlds. Taking the example of a poem by the a female poet, Bi Jalala Sikudhani, I will show how the poem offers alternative views on her lifeworld.
He Who Pays the Piper Plays the Tune
Authors: Odhiambo Christopher J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Patronage in the arts has always been a paradox. This article grapples with this paradox as reflected in the symbiotic relationship between artists and their sponsors. This paradoxical, complex and complicated co-existence of patronage through arts’ sponsorship is scrutinized through the intervention community theatre initiatives of Sponsored Arts for Education in Kenya (S.A.F.E-K). The paper argues that the ideology and the messages as framed, circulated and conveyed by the film Ni Sisi on the post-election violence (PEV) that visited Kenya in 2007/2008 is immensely influenced by the commercial and publicity interests of its main sponsor. The article as such draws attention to the nuanced subtleties of aesthetic framing in this film and how these are implicated in the sponsor’s intentions of projecting a positive image of itself disguised as a project of ‘demonizing’ violence and foregrounding a peace culture. The article identifies and interrogates the subtle indices that are found in the film that appears to cunningly exonerate the sponsor from any role that might have led to escalation of the post-election violence. The reading of such nuanced subtleties in absolving the sponsor of complicity in the perpetuation of violence remains the focus of this article.
A Dynamic History
Authors: Zaki Vevian F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper unfolds parts of the dynamic, yet mostly hidden, history of MS Sinai Arabic 151 based on its paleographical, codicological, paratextual, and textual features. Combining these aspects opens new horizons of research in the Arabic Bible manuscripts that had previously received attention limited solely to the text. MS Sinai, Ar. 151 is an intact manuscript containing the Pauline Epistles, Acts of the Apostles, and the Catholic Epistles. Its fame derives mainly from its colophon, which dates it to 867 CE, and bestows it with the distinction of belonging to the earliest Arabic Bibles. In observing the various stages through which the manuscript evolved from two separate units of production into the codex preserved today, several aspects of the life of MS Sinai, Ar. 151, such as the copies made from it, its damage and restoration, and the functions it served, become clearer. Furthermore, for different reasons, scholars have cast shadows on its colophon’s authenticity. Our investigation clarifies that there is no reason to suspect the authenticity of the colophon.
Does the carer support needs assessment tool cover the established support needs of carers of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? A systematic literature search and narrative review
Authors: Micklewright Kerry , Farquhar Morag 
Published: July 2020

Background: Informal carers play a key supportive role for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, caring can have a considerable impact on health and wellbeing. Carers may have unidentified support needs that could be a target for intervention. Literature on the support needs of informal carers has not been fully synthesised, and our knowledge of the comprehensiveness of the Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool for these individuals is limited. Aim: To explore whether the Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool covers the support needs of carers of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease identified in published literature. Design: English language studies were identified against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria through database searching. Further studies were identified through searching reference lists and citations of included papers. Papers were critically appraised and data extracted and synthesised by two reviewers. Identified needs were mapped to Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool questions. Data sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, CDSR, ASSIA, PsycINFO and Scopus databases (Jan 1997–Dec 2017). Results: Twenty-four studies were included. Results suggest that carers have support needs in a range of domains including physical, social, psychological and spiritual. Many of these needs are unmet. Particular areas of concern relate to prolonged social isolation, accessing services, emotional support and information needs. Findings also suggest amendment of the Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool may be required relating to difficulties within relationship management. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that carers of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease would benefit from identification and response to their support needs by healthcare professionals but to enable this, the Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool requires an additional question. Future planned work will explore this with carers of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
An Ex Vivo Study to Evaluate the Effect of Tegaserod on Platelet Activation and Aggregation
Authors: Gurbel Paul A. , Bliden Kevin , Barnett Scott D. , Witt Casey , Zou Heng , Tantry Udaya 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Tegaserod, an orally active, potent 5-hydroxytryptamine-4 serotonin receptor agonist, was previously indicated for irritable bowel syndrome but was voluntarily withdrawn due to potential cardiovascular side effects. In vitro studies suggested that tegaserod increased platelet aggregation, but these results were not reproduced or were inconclusive. We sought to assess ex vivo effects of tegaserod on platelet aggregation. Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, we randomized a majority of healthy patients with no history of cardiovascular risk factors (n = 21) to receive tegaserod or matching placebo for 7 + 2 days followed by a 7- to 10-day washout period, and then patients were crossed over to the other study drug for the next 7 + 2 days. Unstimulated and agonist-stimulated platelet aggregation; P-selectin expression; serum thromboxane (Tx)B2 and urinary 11-dehydro (11-dh) TxB2; and tegaserod and M29.0 concentrations were serially assessed. Results: There was no significant difference in percentage change in unstimulated or adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- and ADP + serotonin-, collagen- and thrombin receptor activating peptide–induced maximum platelet aggregation and in platelet P-selectin expression in the presence of tegaserod at any time point when compared to placebo. Similarly, there was no significant difference in percentage change in serum TxB2 or urinary 11-dhTxB2 levels between placebo and tegaserod. No new or unexpected findings were observed in evaluations of safety or pharmacokinetic parameters. Conclusion: This comprehensive pharmacodynamic study, by employing established markers used in prior investigations, which have been considered by the Food and Drug Administration to indicate drug-related platelet effects, does not demonstrate any influence of tegaserod treatment on platelet function.
The effect of school exposure and personal contact on attitudes towards bullying and autism in schools: A cohort study with a control group
Authors: Cook Anna , Ogden Jane , Winstone Naomi 
Published: July 2020

Research shows that the attitudes of children and adolescents towards bullying are influenced by the school environment and their peer groups. Given the increased vulnerability to bullying for autistic children, this study explored whether neurotypical children’s attitudes towards bullying and autism varied according to school exposure and personal contact with autistic people. Survey data were collected at the beginning and end of the school year from 775 children aged 11–12 years, from six schools: three with specialist centres for autism and three without. Participants read vignettes depicting bullying scenarios then completed measures of their attitudes in relation to the vignette and towards autism. Children from centre schools showed a greater increase in prosocial emotions towards bullying. For children from non-centre schools, an interaction showed a decrease in prosocial emotions except in response to social exclusion of an autistic child. Increases in personal contact showed a greater increase in positive attitudes towards autistic people. Explanations draw on theories of inter-group contact and social-moral reasoning. Results highlight the need for contact both at a personal level and through attending a school with an inclusive autism provision to increase understanding, improve attitudes towards autism and reduce tolerance for bullying. Lay abstract Autistic children are more likely than non-autistic children to be bullied at school. This study therefore explored whether the kind of school setting and the level of personal contact with autistic people can affect children’s attitudes towards bullying and autism. Surveys were completed at the beginning and end of the school year by 775 children aged 11–12 years, from six schools: three with specialist centres for autistic children and three without. Participants read stories describing bullying situations, then provided their views in relation to the story and in relation to autism. Children in schools with centres increased their feelings of anger, pity, sadness and shame in response to the bullying situations. In contrast, children in schools with no centre showed less sociable responses to bullying, except in response to a story describing an autistic child, being excluded by classmates. Furthermore, children who increased the time they spent with autistic individuals over the course of the year showed a greater rise in positive attitudes towards autistic people. This highlights the need for both personal contact and an inclusive school environment, to improve attitudes towards autism and reduce tolerance for bullying.
Decision model analyses of upper endoscopy for gastric cancer screening and preneoplasia surveillance: a systematic review
Authors: Canakis Andrew , Pani Ethan , Saumoy Monica , Shah Shailja C. 
Published: July 2020

Aims: Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, but the burden of disease is not distributed evenly. GC screening routinely occurs in some high-incidence regions/countries and is generally cost-effective, which is attributed largely to the associated GC mortality reduction. In regions of low–intermediate incidence, less is known about the outcomes of GC screening and gastric precancer surveillance, including cost-effectiveness, since there are no comparative clinical studies. Decision analytic studies are informative in such instances where logistical limitations preclude “gold standard” study designs. We therefore aimed to conduct a systematic review of decision model analyses focused on endoscopic GC screening or precancer surveillance. Methods: We identified decision model analyses, including cost effectiveness and cost utility studies, of GC screening or preneoplasia surveillance. At minimum, articles were evaluated for: study country; analytic design; population and health states; time horizon; model assumptions; outcomes; threshold value(s) for “cost-effective” determination; and sensitivity analyses. Quality appraisal was performed using a modified Drummond’s analytic scoring system. Data sources were PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library Results: We identified 17 studies (8 screening, 4 surveillance, and 5 screening and surveillance) that met full inclusion criteria. Endoscopic screening in countries of high GC incidence was cost-effective across all studies; targeted screening of high-risk populations within otherwise low-intermediate incidence countries was also generally cost-effective. Surveillance of gastric precancer, including atrophic gastritis or gastric intestinal metaplasia, was generally cost-effective. Most studies had high appraisal scores, with 4 (24%) studies achieving perfect scores on the Drummond scale. Conclusion: Decision model analyses offer a unique mechanism with which to efficiently explore the cost benefit of various prevention and early detection strategies. Based on this comprehensive systematic review, upper endoscopy for GC screening and gastric precancer surveillance might be cost-effective depending on the population and protocol. Focused efforts are especially needed not only to define the optimal approach, but also to define the populations within otherwise low-intermediate regions/countries who might benefit most.
Radial Meniscal Tears Are Best Repaired by a Modified “Cross” Tie-Grip Suture Based on a Biomechanical Comparison of 4 Repair Techniques in a Porcine Model
Authors: Nakanishi Yuta , Hoshino Yuichi , Nagamune Kouki , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Nagai Kanto , Araki Daisuke , Kanzaki Noriyuki , Matsushita Takehiko , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: July 2020

Background: The tie-grip suture can fix radial tears more rigidly than simple conventional sutures. However, one shortcoming is the residual gap at the central margin of the tear. The tie-grip suture was modified to address this issue and named the “cross tie-grip suture.” Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare the suture stability and strength among 4 suturing techniques: the original tie-grip, cross tie-grip, and 2 conventional sutures (double horizontal and cross). It was hypothesized that the cross tie-grip suture would show the least displacement and resist the greatest maximum load. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 40 fresh-frozen porcine knees were dissected to acquire 80 menisci; 20 menisci were tested in each suture group. A radial tear was created at the middle third of the meniscal body. Repair was performed with the following: original tie-grip, cross tie-grip, double horizontal, and cross sutures. The mechanical strength of sutured menisci was evaluated using a tensile testing machine. All menisci underwent submaximal loading and load to failure. The gap distance and ultimate failure load were compared using analysis of variance. The failure mode was recorded after load-to-failure testing. Results: Displacement after 500 cycles was significantly smaller in the cross tie-grip group (0.4 ± 0.3 mm) compared with the tie-grip (0.9 ± 0.6 mm), double horizontal (1.2 ± 0.7 mm), and cross suture groups (1.4 ± 0.6 mm) ( P < .05). The ultimate failure load was significantly greater in the cross tie-grip (154.9 ± 29.0 N) and tie-grip (145.2 ± 39.1 N) groups compared with the double horizontal (81.2 ± 19.9 N) and cross suture groups (87.3 ± 17.7 N) ( P < .05). Tissue failure was the most common mode of failure in all groups. Conclusion: Upon repair of radial meniscal tears, the cross tie-grip suture showed less displacement compared with that of the tie-grip, double horizontal, and cross sutures and demonstrated equivalent load to failure to that of the tie-grip suture at time zero. Clinical Relevance: The cross tie-grip suture provided high resistance to displacement after repair of radial tears and may be advantageous in healing for radial meniscal tears.