bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGING IN RURAL ETHIOPIA: IMPACT ON FILIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND INTERGENERATIONAL SOLIDARITY
Authors: Adamek Margaret E , Gebremariam Messay , Zelalem Abraham 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As migration and urbanization continue to progress in developing nations, the filial support and traditional support mechanisms that serve as buffers against the plight of older people are diminishing. Agrarian families find themselves in a rapidly changing world that severely limits their ability to assume caregiving roles for elders. With these trends in mind, a phenomenological approach was used to explore the lived experiences of 10 rural elders in Ethiopia. Prominent themes in the elders’ narratives was the nostalgia of filial responsibility and intergenerational solidarity in the “good old days” and a strong sense of devaluation. Elders expressed feeling devalued by their children, grandchildren, and youth in general. As one elder shared, “These days, there is no respect for an older person. We are treated like a broken utensil thrown away which is considered as useless anymore.” Compared to how they treated their own parents, elders believed that their children’s sense of moral obligation was weak and unreliable. Interactions with children and grandchildren were described as abusive, undermining, and embarrassing, triggering deep sorrow. Elders were pessimistic about the prospect of reliable caregivers, even expressing a wish to die before they become dependent on others for care. Despite the challenges they face in their daily lives, all participants viewed aging as a privilege that should be celebrated. As traditional family support structures in developing nations continue to deteriorate, new models of community-based care are needed to ensure that elders can expect adequate care throughout their lives.
A PHENOMENOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF INTERGENERATIONAL ENGAGEMENT, SOCIAL ISOLATION, AND AGE SEGREGATION
Authors: Steward Andrew , McDevitt Kimberly 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Intergenerational engagement and its impact on social isolation is an area of critical importance within the broader topic of healthy aging. This phenomenological study involved individual qualitative interviews with older adults (60+ years of age without cognitive impairment). Participants (N=9) were recruited using fliers and referrals from assisted living staff. Purposive sampling was utilized, and researchers attempted to diversify the sample by selecting participants from multiple settings and cultural backgrounds. This study was guided by two overarching research aims: 1) To understand the nature of intergenerational engagement and its impact on reducing social isolation, and 2) To understand how intergenerational experiences have changed over time. Interviews were conducted by the study PI, lasted 60-minutes and took place in participants’ homes or agreed-upon public settings. Two researchers (the PI and an MSW intern) participated in the data collection and analysis process, which helped strengthen inter-coder reliability. Two important themes emerged from the data. First, participants often described intergenerational engagement as stimulating and stated that they enjoy feeling “younger” or “childlike” when engaging with younger generations. Second, participants reflected that intergenerational connections were more naturally built into their communities as young people and that society today appears to be increasingly age-segregated. Further development of internalized ageism measures may lead to a better understanding of both the positive and negative aspects of internalized ageism. Future studies should also explore, from the perspective of older adults, recommendations for re-building intentionally intergenerational communities that facilitate authentic engagement and enhanced well-being for all generations.
NAO TAKES A BOW: USING SOCIAL ROBOTS TO ENHANCE THE MOOD OF OLDER ADULTS LIVING IN RESIDENTIAL CARE SETTINGS
Authors: Fields Noelle L , Greer Julienne , Xu Ling 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Social robots have been utilized in research with older adults, however, few studies have integrated participatory arts (e.g. theatre) into social robotic platforms with this population. An interdisciplinary team designed an intervention integrating theater and social robotics with the aim of improving the mood of older adults. A purposive sample of persons age 65 and older (N = 15) participated in this 3-session pilot study that involved a Shakespeare activity using the robot, NAO. Mixed methods included interview questions as well as short survey measures of depression, loneliness, and a simplified face scale for mood pre and post each session. Results from Repeated Measurement Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that face scale scores significantly decreased across six time periods (F = 2.72 (5, 50), p &lt;. 05) and this decrease marginally differed between participants with dementia (M = 2.50, SD = 1.73) and those without dementia (M = 1.62, SD = 0.52). In addition, depression scores marginally significantly decreased after intervention (F = 2.28 (5, 40), p &lt;. 10) and these declines were also marginally significantly different for participants with (M = 0.67, SD = 0.58) or without dementia (M = 0.86, SD = 0.69). Qualitative findings suggest that participants were highly engaged and responsive to the intervention. We discuss the promising aspects of using social robotics as a platform for participatory arts interventions with older adults and offer recommendations for future interdisciplinary studies involving the use of innovative technology in residential care settings.
ANTICIPATED NEED FOR NURSING HOME PLACEMENT AMONG LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL ADULTS AGES 50-64: FINDINGS FROM THE HRS
Authors: Singleton Mekiayla , Gassoumis Zach , Enguidanos Susan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
By 2030, the population of LGBTQ older adults is expected to exceed 6 million. Yet little is known about the expected use of nursing homes (NH) among LGBTQ older adults. Prior research has found NHs lack cultural sensitivity, and that LGBTQ NH residents are going “back into the closet” and not disclosing their sexual orientation due to discrimination and quality of care concerns. Using data from 2016 HRS, we describe bivariate differences between the LGB and heterosexual population, ages 50 to 64, and conduct a linear regression to determine the impact of LGB status on self-reported chance of moving to a NH in the future. Compared with the heterosexual population (n=4,049), these LGB adults (n=158) had a higher mean self-reported chance of moving to a NH (p&lt;.01), fewer children (p&lt;.01) and reported a slightly higher health rating (p&lt;.05). LGB adults ages 50-64 also were more likely to be unmarried (71%, p&lt; .001), white (59%, p&lt; .001) and have a college degree (51%, p&lt;.001). After controlling for sociodemographic variables, there were no significant differences between LGB and heterosexual adults’ self-reported chance of moving to a NH. Although anticipated chance of moving to a NH is no different for LGB adults ages 50-64 when controlling for their sociodemographic profiles, as a group they have a higher anticipated chance than heterosexual adults. These findings support the need for improved education, training, and structural changes within long-term care settings to better serve the growing older adult LGB population.
EFFECTIVENESS OF HOME- AND COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICES IN DECREASING HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURE IN TAIWAN
Authors: Chen Ya-Mei , Yu Hsiao-Wei , Wang Ying-Chieh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ideally, continuum of care involves wide-ranging health and long-term care (LTC) services. Taiwan’s National Health Insurance scheme and 10-Year Long-term Care Plan attempts to provide universal and fundamental services of continuum care. However, the accessibility of these services for care recipients remains unclear. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of continuum care in decreasing the healthcare expenditure of LTC recipients using home- and community-based services (HCBS). Data collated from the 2010–2013 Long-Term Care Service Management System (N = 77,251) were subjected to latent class analysis to identify subgroups of recipients using HCBS. Subsequently, the 1-year primary care expenditure after receiving HCBS was compared through generalized linear modeling. Three discrete HCBS subgroups were found: home-based personal care (HP), home-based health care (HH), and community-based care (CC). No difference in the number of visits to doctors and the average primary care expenses was observed between the HP and HH subgroups. However, considering physical and psychosocial confounders, care recipients in the CC subgroup recorded a higher number of visits to doctors (β = 3.05, SD = 0.25, p &lt; 0.05) and lower primary care expenditure (β = -98.15, SD = 43.17, p = 0.02) than the other two subgroups. These findings suggest that LTC recipients in Taiwan may obtain better continuum care only for CC service recipients. Additionally, community-based LTC services may lower the cost of health expenditure after 1 year.
WHEN A LITTLE GOES A LONG WAY: EXPANDING HOME CARE SERVICES TO ADULTS WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Hasworth Serena , Winfree Jaclyn , Tunalilar Ozcan , White Diana 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Policy makers are increasingly interested in reducing public spending while maintaining quality of life. Since 1975, Oregon Project Independence (OPI) has supported community-based adults aged 60 and older to avoid or delay the need for residential long-term care services by increasing access to personal and home care services. The program also aims to prevent the need for Medicaid by optimizing personal resources and natural supports. In 2014, the OPI Expansion (OPI-E) pilot project began to serve adults aged 18-59 with disabilities in seven of Oregon’s seventeen Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs). This poster describes the evaluation of the expansion using three data sources: administrative data about consumer characteristics compiled by the AAAs and State of Oregon from 2015-2017 (N=3,824 traditional consumers, N= 581 OPI-E consumers), qualitative interviews conducted with AAA directors and OPI-E case managers (N=23), and a survey of current OPI-E consumers (N=126). Compared to traditional OPI consumers, OPI-E consumers were somewhat more likely to be men and people of color. Interviews with AAA staff highlighted the need for outreach, lack of service provider capacity, unique characteristics of younger consumers, and issues related to data management and rural access. Staff reported valuing the program, noting how “even low levels of service go a long way.” Qualitative and quantitative consumer responses showed consumers found OPI-E services invaluable. The majority stressed their appreciation for the program, with several describing it as “lifesaving.” These three sources informed recommendations for expanding the OPI-E program statewide.
THE MEDIATING ROLES OF HEALTH LOCUS OF CONTROL AND COPING ON THE PAIN-DEPRESSION PATHWAY
Authors: Costlow Kyrsten , Parmelee Patricia A , Harralson Tina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The literature on health locus of control (HLC) suggests that individuals who believe that their health is internally determined are more likely to use active coping strategies than those who believe their health is determined by chance or powerful others (Brosschot, Gebhardt, & Godaert, 1994; Gibson & Helme, 2000). Coping strategies (Klapow et al., 1995) and HLC (Campbell, Hope, & Dunn, 2017) have been found to influence the relation between chronic pain and depression. We hypothesized that the relation between osteoarthritis pain and depression would be serially mediated by HLC and coping. Self-report measures of osteoarthritis pain (Meenan, Mason, Anderson, Guccione, & Kazis, 1992; Parmelee, Katz, & Lawton), HLC (Wallston, Wallston, & DeVellis, 1978), coping strategies (Felton & Revenson, 1984; Rosenstiel & Keefe, 1983), and depression (Radloff, 1977) were examined in 367 older adults with osteoarthritis of the knee. Hayes’ (2013) PROCESS macro was used to test the hypothesized serial multiple mediation for three subscales of HLC: internality (IHLC), chance (CHLC), and powerful others (PHLC). After controlling for age, the hypothesized serial mediation was statistically significant for IHLC and CHLC but not PHLC. More specifically, osteoarthritis pain significantly increased CHLC, which increased negative coping and depression in turn. Osteoarthritis pain significantly decreased IHLC, which was associated with both positive and negative coping strategies in a complex serial mediation. These findings suggest that interventions targeting HLC and/or coping strategies may be able to alter the pain-depression pathway for older adults with chronic osteoarthritis pain. (Supported by R01-MH51800, P. Parmelee, PI).
LATENT PROFILE ANALYSIS OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, ANGER, AND ADHD IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Israel Sarah M , Szkody Erica , Nadorff Michael R , Segal Daniel L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Older adults are generally happier, less likely to have depression or anxiety, and have better emotion regulation abilities than earlier in life. While older age predicts more hostile beliefs about others, older adults report less hostile behavior and no difference in covert hostility, compared to other age groups. However, brain regions associated with executive function and emotion regulation are impacted by even normal aging. Using latent profile analysis (LPA) we aimed to better understand what factors contribute to a dysregulated profile in older adults and how age altered the dysregulation profile. The current archival study includes data from 518 older adults between the ages of 60 and 95 years (M = 70.73, SD = 7.34). Participants completed the Coolidge Axis II Inventory (CATI) database. The CATI is a 250-item psychopathology and neuropsychological inventory that assesses over 40 clinical and neuropsychological disorders utilizing official DSM-5 criteria. A Dysregulated Profile was identified using an LPA of diagnosis subscales (i.e., Anxiety, Depression, Anger, and ADHD) that have been previously associated with dysregulation in children and young adults. Results demonstrated that female participants reported more ADHD symptoms (more impairment in executive function) than men. Furthermore, the dysregulated profile (high on all subscales) and age interacted such that, as age increased, scores on the Depression and Anger subscales decreased. No significant differences were found for any other interactions. Our findings are consistent with existing literature. Even in the dysregulated profile, participants reported less anger and depression with older age.
NEGATIVE SOCIAL SUPPORTS AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG OLDER ADULTS: A CROSS-LAGGED ANALYSIS
Authors: Cone Nicholas , Lee Gina , Martin Peter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine how negative social supports and depressive symptoms affect older adults over time. A subsample of participants (N = 3,084) from the Health and Retirement Study was used in this study. Summary scores for each negative social supports (spouse, children, family members, and friends) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were used to conduct two cross-lagged regression analyses for each negative social support type from waves 2010 and 2014. Covariate variables for this study included gender, years of education, self-report of health, and age. Results were computed for two age groups (i.e., 65 to 79, and 80+). Results from both age groups indicated high stability for negative social supports and depressive symptoms from waves 1 to 2. The younger age group showed no significant cross-lag or interaction effects when stabilities were included or excluded in the analyses. However, in the older group, wave 2 negative child and family member social support was predicted by wave 1 depression scores. Moreover, the older age group showed significant interaction effects of age by CESD scores on negative child and family member social supports. In conclusion, initial depressive symptoms predict higher negative social supports in children and family members at a second time point in the older age group. Future research could examine whether depressive symptoms continue to predict negative social supports in new waves. In addition, other factors, such as loneliness, or anxiety, may provide further understanding into older adults’ negative social supports.
HEARING IMPAIRMENT, DEPRESSION, AND THE ROLE OF SOCIAL ACTIVITY AMONG CHINESE OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Xu Shu , Wang Haowei , Connelly Caitlin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Studies suggest that depression is closely linked to hearing impairment, which is highly prevalent among older adults in the United States. There is evidence that social engagement may be impacted by hearing impairment in older adults. However, there is relatively little research on these associations among Chinese older adults. This study examines the relationships between hearing impairment, social activities, and depressive symptoms among older adults in China. Using nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011, we conducted cross-sectional analysis on adults age 60 years and older (n=10,994). Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and we considered self-reported hearing status (if participants wear a hearing aid and how they would rate their hearing), and social activities (i.e., volunteering, dancing, attending courses, etc.). Models were controlled for age, gender, education, and other covariates. Descriptive analysis showed that 9% of older adults experienced hearing impairment. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that hearing impairment was positively associated with depressive symptoms among older Chinese adults (β=1.32, p&lt;.001). Social activities were found to partially mediate the relationship between hearing status and depressive symptoms. Respondents with hearing impairment were less likely to engage in social activities (OR=.78, p&lt;.01) and those who did not participate in social activities reported more depressive symptoms (β=1.28, p&lt;.001). These findings suggest that Chinese older adults experiencing hearing loss are at greater risk of depression and that social activities play an important role in the relationship between hearing status and depression.
WHEN AND HOW I WANT: FEASIBILITY AND EFFECTS OF EMBEDDING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTO NURSING HOME CARE
Authors: Barrett Eva , Gillespie Paddy , Newell John , Casey Dympna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is essential to maintaining health into older age. However, older adults living in nursing homes (NHs) remain highly inactive. This study tested the feasibility of a PA programme embedded into NH care and its potential effects on older adults’ function and quality of life (QOL). A cluster-randomised controlled pilot feasibility study, including qualitative and economic components, was conducted. Intervention participants (n=18) performed Morning Movement (morning-time walking and sit-to-stand exercises) and Activity Bursts (bouts of activity throughout the day in standing), 3 times weekly for 12-weeks. Participants in the control NH (n=16) received usual care. At baseline and 12-weeks, feasibility and economic data were collected, function was measured using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and 10-Metre Walk Test (10MWT) and QOL was measured with the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and Investigating Choice Experiments for the Preferences of Older People-CAPability (ICECAP-O). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff and participants at mid- and post-intervention and analysed thematically. The PA programme was acceptable to staff and participants and study procedures were feasible. Mean TUG improved by 10.2 (±21.6) seconds in the intervention group and was unchanged -0.2 (9.5) seconds in the control group (95% confidence interval of between-group difference in improvement -2.5 to 23.3 seconds). 10MWT scores stayed stable in the intervention group and disimproved in the control group. ICECAP-O and NHP scores were unchanged. While this study contained a small sample, it demonstrated a feasible, acceptable and potentially effective NH PA intervention and provides guidance for a definitive trial.
CAN GOLF INFLUENCE GAIT AND COGNITION IN OLDER ADULTS?
Authors: Marcione Nicole , Bois Andrea Du , Castle Steven , Salem George 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Gait speed and cognition are important predictors of successful aging. Both slow gait speeds and cognitive decline are associated with poor health outcomes, including hospitalization, falls, institutionalization and death. Exercise interventions can improve both gait and cognitive performance in older adults. Golf is a multimodal, cognitively-challenging physical activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of a 12-week golf intervention on walking performance and cognition in older adults. Gait speed and cognition were measured in intervention (INT) and control (CON) groups (n=20) before and after a 12-week period. The INT participated in a 12-week golf training program (2 x weekly; 90 min per session). All participants completed six-minute walk test (6MWT), fast single-task gait speed (STGS), fast dual-task gait speed (DTGS) with a subtraction by 3s task, California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and National Institute Health Toolbox-Cognition (NIH-C). 2x2 (Time*Group) Mixed ANOVA revealed significant time*group interactions for 6MWT (p=0.05), STGS (p=0.02), DTGS (p=0.01), CVLT (p=0.01), and NIH-C Fluid Cognition (p=0.06) had a trend towards significance. Post-hoc t-tests demonstrated that INT significantly improved their pre-to-post 6MWT, STGS, DTGS, CVLT, and NIH-C Fluid. CON had no significant pre-to-post intervention changes. Participants in the 12-week golf training program improved gait and cognitive performance, compared to CON. These results provide evidence that golf, as a cognitively-challenging physical activity, may improve physical and cognitive function, leading to attenuated risk for poor health outcomes, maintaining independence and improved quality of life.
TIME SPENT IN SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR DOMAINS AND PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN U.S. OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Gell Nancy M , Bouldin Erin D , Rosenberg Dori 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Previous studies have reported associations of sedentary time with worse health outcomes in older adults. Yet, little is known about the relationships between the contexts of sedentary time and health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine associations of physical function with time spent in a variety of sedentary behavior domains. We analyzed data from the 2016 National Health and Aging Trends Study, a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries. Estimated time being sedentary by domains (e.g., TV watching, computer use, resting/napping, eating, transportation, socializing, sitting and doing hobbies) were collected from a subset of the sample population (N=2157). The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) measured physical function. Linear regression models were conducted adjusting for sociodemographics, health conditions, pain, and dementia. More time watching TV and resting/napping was significantly associated total SPPB scores (p &lt; 0.01). In adjusted models, lower SPPB scores were significantly associated with more time/day spent sitting and watching television or resting (ɮ =-0.16 hours; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -.024, -0.08 for TV watching and ɮ =-0.63 hours; 95% CI: -0.80, -0.46 for resting). Average time in computer use, eating, transportation, hobbies, or social activities did not differ by physical function level. Associations between physical function and sedentary time vary by the context. Social or engaging sedentary activities do not appear to be associated with physical function limitations in the same way as passive sedentary domains like television viewing and resting. Context should be considered in evaluating relationships of sedentary time with health outcomes.