bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La educación física en educación primaria: espacio de construcción de las masculinidades y feminidades (Physical Education in primary education: space for the construction of masculinity and femininity)
Authors: Sánchez-Alvarez Iriana , Rodríguez-Menéndez Carmen , García-Pérez Omar 
Published: September 2020

El artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación que ha estudiado la construcción de las identidades de género en la escuela primaria. Más específicamente, nuestro objetivo ha sido comprender e interpretar el papel de las clases de Educación Física como contextos de interacción que permiten resistirse/acomodarse a las personalidades de género hegemónicas. Durante una estancia de seis meses, para realizar una investigación etnográfica, se realizó una observación participante en un aula de sexto curso compuesto por 13 niñas y 13 niños. El trabajo de campo se completó con seis grupos de discusión y doce entrevistas individuales. Los resultados permiten concluir que la actividad física en general, y el futbol en particular, son elementos articuladores de la jerarquía de género en la escuela determinando el estatus que exhiben los niños con una masculinidad hegemónica. También se concluye que las clases de educación física son espacios privilegiados de interacción de género, en las que la actitud del profesorado favorece el mantenimiento de las categorías normativas de género. Abstract: This article shows the results of a research that has studied the construction of gender identities in primary schools. More specifically, our objective was to understand and to interpret the role of Physical Education classes as an interaction context that allows resisting/accommodating hegemonic gender personalities. During a six-month stay, in order to perform ethnographic research, we observed 13 girls and 13 boys from a sixth-grade group. The fieldwork was completed with six focus groups and twelve individual interviews. The results allow us to conclude that physical activity in general, and football in particular, are articulating elements of gender hierarchy in schools by determining the status shown by children with a hegemonic masculinity. As a conclusion, physical education classes are privileged spaces for gender interaction, in which the attitude of teachers stimulate the maintenance of gender normative categories.
Motivos de participación deportiva y satisfacción intrínseca en jugadores de pádel (Motives for sports participation and intrinsic satisfaction in padel players)
Authors: Rodríguez Cayetano Alberto , Pérez Muñoz Salvador , De Mena Ramos José Manuel , Beneitez Nuria Codón , Sánchez Muñoz Antonio 
Published: September 2020

El objetivo principal de este estudio es el de analizar las razones para la realización de práctica deportiva y su nivel de satisfacción intrínseca en una muestra de 146 jugadores de pádel, 82 hombres y 64 mujeres con una media de edad de 39.46 (± 11.60) años y que entrenan, al menos, dos horas semanales. Para ello, se han utilizado dos cuestionarios: el cuestionario de Motivos de Participación (PMQ) y el cuestionario de Satisfacción Intrínseca en el Deporte (SSI). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el factor más destacado para la práctica deportiva en los jugadores de pádel es el de amistad / grupo de iguales mientras que el factor menos valorado es el del estatus social. Además, el placer interno de los jugadores se basa en la diversión por la práctica del pádel y no en el aburrimiento. Por lo tanto, los clubes deben tener en cuenta la realización de tareas sociales y lúdicas para mantener y aumentar el número de practicantes en esta modalidad deportiva. Abstract. The main aim of this study was to analyze the reasons for practicing sports and the level of intrinsic satisfaction in a sample of 146 paddle players (82 men and 64 women) with average age of 39.46 (± 11.60) years old who trained at least two hours per week. For this, two questionnaires were used: the Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ), and the Intrinsic Satisfaction in Sport Questionnaire. The results show that the factor that stands out as a reason to practice sport in paddle players is friendship / group of peers, whilst the lowest valued factor is social status. In addition, internal pleasure of the players is based on fun of playing paddle and not on boredom. Therefore, clubs must take into account and propose social and recreational tasks in order to maintain and increase the number of practitioners of this sport.
A antropização urbana:
Authors: Vasconcelos Aroldo De Melo , Galindo Alexandre Gomes , Takiyama Luis Roberto 
Published: September 2020

O artigo analisa, sob a ótica ambiental, a antropização urbana da ressaca do bairro dos Remédios, Santana, Estado do Amapá, o diagnóstico e os desafios de elaboração de políticas públicas de enfrentamento desse fenômeno. Com objetivo de diagnosticar a realidade local a partir do “olhar” dos atores sociais e do discurso da gestão municipal na formulação de políticas de respostas às demandas socioambientais. Discute-se o modelo de gestão pública ambiental dentro dos conceitos de fazejamento e planejamento para revelar qual o modeloda gestão municipal.
Analisis Pendapatan dan Kelayakan Usahatani Cabai Rawit di Desa Kesambi Kecamatan Mejobo Kabupaten Kudus
Authors: Saparto  dan  Sumardi M. Faela Sofa, 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapatan usahatani dan kelayakan finansial usahatani cabai rawit. Penelitian dilakukan di Ds Kesambi Kec Mejobo Kab Kudus bulan September 2018 s.d Juli 2019. Jumlah petani + 130 orang dengan luas lahan berkisar 0,100 s.d. 0,500 ha. Survei dilakukan dengan metode sampling Stratified Random Sampling, jumlah sampel 25% atau 33 responden. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara dan pengamatan. Data meliputi data biaya pengeluaran berupa biaya : bibit, pupuk, pestisida, tenaga kerja, penyusutan peralatan, sewa lahan, sewa mesin, dan pajak. Data penerimaan diperoleh dari data produksi dikalikan harga jual. Analisis data Pendapatan dianalisis dengan analisis biaya dan penerimaan; kelayakan dianalisis dengan RCR, BEP, dan ROI. Hasil penelitian : (1) Rata-rata pendapatan sebesar Rp. 42.499.673,-/ha; RCR = 2,10, BEP(Q) = 2.653,14 kg/ha (riil = 5.580,7), BEP(Rp) = Rp. 6.894,- (riil = Rp. 14.500,-), , ROI = 110,34% (bungan Bank = 12%/th). (2) Kesimpulan : usahatani cabai rawit di Desa Kesambi Kecamatan Mejobo Kabupaten Kudus menguntungkan dan layak secara finansial. Kata kunci : pendapatan, kelayakan, cabai rawit
Too Good to Be True: Debating Constancy in Chaucer's Legend and Christine's Cité
Authors: McCormick Betsy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article creates a thought experiment considering how Geoffrey Chaucer and Christine de Pizan use the larger cultural milieu of the Debate about Women as something “good to think with.” Whereas critics have often approached the Legend of Good Women (ca. 1386) and Le Livre de la Cité des Dames (1405) as examples of how authors in the Debate tradition rewrote women's stories to make bad women good, this article applies recent work in cognitive science, which studies how humans create categories, to argue that both Chaucer and Christine are thinking beyond taxonomic categories to depict their “good women” as active participants in an ethical inquiry. Using ad hoc categories to enact the extreme ideals of the Debate, both authors demonstrate that such an overly active constancy is the opposite of reason. Ultimately, they reveal that a too-constant female good proves, paradoxically, to be both destructive and disloyal.
The History ofBarnaby Rudgeand the Culture of Imitation
Authors: Abraham Adam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article argues that Barnaby Rudge is the product of two simultaneous developments in the late 1830s. First, Charles Dickens's print-cultural fear of diminishment through authorial repetition was exemplified by his predecessors Walter Scott (as revealed in Lockhart's biography) and William Harrison Ainsworth (whom Dickens befriended). Second, a culture of imitation arose in which cheap imitations of Dickens's works threatened to confuse the book-buyer and flood the market with similar wares. This article will examine one imitation, Barnaby Budge, from 1841, to demonstrate how such plagiaristic works read and misread their sources. Although Dickens's Rudge can be considered a Scott-like historical novel, it is not so much a capitulation to an older model of novel-writing; rather, this book of riot and rebellion marks Dickens's own break with the past and present.
The Squid and the Lentil: A-Hundred-and-Fifty Years under the Sea
Authors: Worth Aaron 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of Jules Verne's Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea (1869–70), this article traces three vectors of Verne's, and the novel's, influence, in relation to three genres or modes of writing: science fiction, as it began to emerge as a sharply delineated category in the early twentieth century; French literary theory and philosophy, in which Verne's work appeared as a favorite touchstone of influential writers including Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, and Pierre Macherey; and weird fiction, for which Twenty Thousand Leagues, with its monstrous squid, has been retroactively constructed as a (minor) foundational text.
Eggshell and Seashells Biomaterials Sorbent for Carbon Dioxide Capture
Authors: Hart Abarasi , Onyeaka Helen 
Published: September 2020

This review aims to explore the application of natural and renewable bioceramics such as eggshell and seashells in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from power plant flue gas. CO2 capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) is considered a means to deliver low carbon energy, decarbonising industries, power plants and facilitates the net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. The stages involved include CO2 capture, transport of the captured CO2, utilisation and secure storage of the captured CO2. This chapter reports the use of eggshell and seashells biomaterials as an adsorbent to separate CO2 from other gases generated by power plants and industrial processes. The capture of carbon dioxide by adsorption is based on the ability of a material to preferentially adsorb or carbonate CO2 over other gases. In light of this, calcined eggshell and seashells biomaterial rich in calcium carbonate from which calcium oxide (94%) can be obtained have demonstrated a strong affinity for CO2. These biomaterials are abundant and low-cost alternative to zeolite, activated carbon and molecular sieve carbon. The mechanism of CO2 capture by eggshell and seashells derived CaO adsorbent comprises of a series of carbonation-calcination reactions (CCR): calcium oxide (CaO) reacts with CO2 resulting in calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which releases pure CO2 stream upon calcinations for sequestration or utilisation, and as a consequence, the biomaterial is regenerated. Findings reveal that these biomaterials can hold up to eight times its own weight of CO2 from flue gas stream. It was also found that the combination of 2 M acetic acid and water pretreatment improved the reactivity and capture capacity of the biomaterial for successive regeneration over four cycle’s usage. Unlike activated carbon, these biomaterials are considered stable for high-temperature adsorption through carbonation.
Observations of an aggregation between two species of Australian elapid snakes: the threatened Little Whip Snake Parasuta flagellum and Common Eastern Brown Snake Pseudonaja textilis
Authors: Hansen Nicole A. , Oliver Damon L. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
This short note presents field observations of a pair of adult threatened Little Whip Snakes Parasuta flagellum and a pair of juvenile Common Eastern Brown Snakes Pseudonaja textilis in an aggregation beneath artificially placed Masonite board used in the Turallo Nature Reserve long-term Little Whip Snake monitoring program. The observation represents the first documented record of an interspecific aggregation between these two species. Presumably, there may be thermal or anti-predatory advantages for the Little Whip Snake by aggregating with other snakes, particularly when both species are of a similar size. However, similar behaviours may also have fitness disadvantages including food competition, and potentially predation as the Common Eastern Brown Snake neonates grow and surpass the substantially smaller Little Whip Snake and warrants further experimental research.
Safety of Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is There a Need to Screen Low-Risk Patients?
Authors: Aljohani Emad A. , Almadi Fahad A. , Basardah Rami A. , Banjar Mohammad S. , Almufawez Khadeejah A. , Tamimi Hamdi A. 
Published: September 2020

Background
There seems to be a general consensus in the current published literature on postponing elective, nonurgent surgery on COVID-19–positive patients. However, thus far, no recommendations have been published on when and how to start carrying out elective, nonurgent surgery on COVID-19–negative patients after the epidemic peak.

Objective
The aims of the study are to determine the best approach for reintroduction of elective procedures based on their preoperative screening by the respiratory scoring system and to provide a scientific base for solid elective surgery protocols that may be implemented in the moment when a country or region meets the criteria to implement elective, nonurgent procedures.

Methodology
This was a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent bariatric surgery between March and June 2020, during the pandemic of COVID-19. The study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 2 different health institutions. The study participants were men and women with a body mass index (BMI) &gt; 30 kg/m2 and with a respiratory score of ≤3. The data were analyzed on SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics for quantitative variables were reported as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range [IQR]). The qualitative variables were reported as frequency and percentage.

Results
The total number of patients was 90. The mean age of the patients was 32.73 ± 7.81 years, and a greater proportion (n = 48; 56.5%) of them were men. The mean BMI of the patients was 42.29 ± 7.40 kg/m2. About 37 (41.1%) patients reported a previous history of surgery. Moreover, 36 (40.0%) patients presented with comorbidities. Only 1 (1.1%) patient was tested for COVID-19 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) before surgery and tested negative. We observed that most patients (n = 80; 88.9% ) underwent lap sleeve gastrectomy. The median length of surgery was 50 (IQR, 17) minutes, and the median length of hospital stay was 36 (IQR, 24) hours. After surgery, none of the patients developed any complications, and none were admitted to the intensive care unit. After surgery, only 2 (2.2%) patients were tested for COVID-19 by RT-PCR, and 100% tested negative.

Conclusion
During the COVID-19 pandemic, before considering patients for elective surgery, they should be screened. For patients who are obese or have underlying comorbidities, if on screening, their respiratory score is ≤3, indicating low risk of respiratory illness, elective procedures should continue. Strict precautionary measures should be followed, and a limited number of surgeries should be performed.
How Selection Acts on Chromosomal Inversions
Authors: Durmaz Esra , Kerdaffrec Envel , Katsianis Georgios , Kapun Martin , Flatt Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChromosomal inversions are structural mutations that invert the orientation and thus the sequence of a chromosomal segment; in diploid heterozygous individuals, when one chromosome carries the inverted segment and the other homologous chromosome is noninverted, recombination is strongly or even completely suppressed. Most inversions are deleterious or neutral, but occasionally they are beneficial. Positive selection can establish a new, initially rare inversion via indirect (linked) selection (e.g. when the inversion captures a locally adaptive haplotype and then ‘hitchhikes’ with it) or via direct positive selection (e.g. when a beneficial mutation arises fortuitously at the breakpoints). After their establishment, adaptive inversions often seem to be maintained by balancing selection in a polymorphic state, that is, they are neither lost nor do they become fixed at 100% frequency. Such balancing selection acting on inversion polymorphisms might involve overdominance, associative overdominance, negative frequency‐dependent selection, spatially and/or temporally varying selection.Key ConceptsChromosomal inversions are structural mutations that reverse the segment of a chromosome.In heterozygous state, inversions suppress recombination between inverted and noninverted (standard arrangement) chromosomes.Most inversions are deleterious or neutral; rarely they are beneficial.Positive selection can establish an initially rare inversion in a population despite drift.If the inversion happens to capture a locally adapted haplotype, it can ‘hitchhike’ with it and increase in frequency; it has an advantage because it protects the haplotype from recombination and maladaptive gene flow.Another possibility is that the inversion breakpoints directly and fortuitously generate an adaptive mutation.Once established, balancing selection can maintain the inversion polymorphism; this might happen due to heterozygote advantage, frequency‐dependent selection, spatially and/or temporally varying selection.
Botulinum Neurotoxins
Authors: Marco Pirazzini , Rossetto Ornella 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBotulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are Janus‐faced biological agents. They are the most poisonous substances known and the causative agents of botulism, a deadly neuroparalytic syndrome of animals and humans. Owing to their potency, BoNTs have the potential to be used as biological weapons. At the same time, they are effective therapeutics for a variety of human neurological disorders and aesthetic medicine. In addition, the understanding of BoNT mechanism of action has provided great contributions to the study of the general principles of neuronal physiology. BoNTs were discovered more than a century ago, but they are still actively studied, both to identify effective countermeasures and mostly to expand the landscape of their clinical use. BoNT nomenclature has been recently revised owing to the identification of several BoNT isoforms via next‐generation sequencing techniques. The reason behind such variability among BoNTs remains elusive.Key ConceptsBotulinum neurotoxins are exotoxins produced by neurotoxigenic bacterial strains of the genusClostridium.Botulinum neurotoxins are metalloprotease causing botulism, a deadly neuroparalytic syndrome affecting vertebrates.Botulinum neurotoxins are a large and growing family of variants called serotypes, subtypes or mosaics according to their immunological and amino acid composition.In spite of their variability, botulinum neurotoxins have a highly conserved structure and a common mechanism of action.Botulinum neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release at peripheral nerve terminals causing flaccid paralysis and autonomic dysfunctions.Botulinum neurotoxins are Janus‐faced biological agents, being potential bioweapons and very effective therapeutics at the same time.Botulinum neurotoxins type A1 and B1 are used in human therapy to attenuate hyperactive peripheral nerve terminals.Botulinum neurotoxin type A1 is a best seller treatment in aesthetic medicine.
Translational Regulation by Upstream Open Reading Frames and Its Relevance to Human Genetic Disease
Authors: Fernandes Rafael , Romão Luísa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUpstream open reading frames (uORFs) arecis‐acting elements, located before or overlapped with the main coding ORF (mORF), that regulate cap‐dependent translation efficiency in a transcript‐specific manner. More than half of the human transcripts bear at least one uORF. In addition, it has been recently revealed that many of these uORFs initiate at non‐AUG codons, which significantly increases the complexity and diversity of the human translatome. These regulons are considered repressors of downstream translation but, in some biological contexts, they induce mORF expression. There are several the mechanisms by which AUG and non‐AUG uORFs regulate gene expression, allowing the cell to control transcript‐specific translation according to its needs. Also, we describe several examples of uORF genetic variants associated with human genetic diseases. Studying these cases and understanding the resultant abnormal mechanisms of uORF‐mediated translational control is of extreme importance for the development of new therapeutic strategies.Key ConceptsUpstream open reading frames (uORFs) arecis‐acting translational regulatory elements present within the 5′ leader sequence of mRNAs.uORFs can regulate gene expression by repressing or promoting translation of the downstream main ORF (mORF), according to the cellular environment.The number of uORFs, the intercistronic distance, the overlap with the mORF and the context of the initiation codon are the uORF‐related structural features that most influence their translational regulatory capacity.uORF‐mediated repression of mORF translation is usually achieved by ribosome dissociation, ribosome stalling, induction of nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) or production of inhibitory peptides.uORF‐mediated induction of mORF translation is usually achieved by ribosome bypass or translation reinitiation.uORFs initiated by non‐AUG codons are more frequent than previously appreciated, having important biological functions.uORF‐altering polymorphisms and mutations, which create, disrupt or change a uORF, can cause human genetic diseases.Studying and understanding the uORF‐mediated mechanisms of gene expression regulation may provide knowledge to develop novel therapies for several human diseases.
Hallucinogenic Drugs
Authors: Bonson Katherine R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Hallucinogens constitute one of the oldest classes of drugs used by humanity, often in the context of spiritual practices. Classic hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin,
N
,
N
‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT), mescaline and 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐methylamphetamine (DOM) produce complex psychological and physical effects, including perceptual changes, cognitive shifts in reality, and emotional alterations. These drugs primarily act on serotonin systems through 5‐hydroxytryptamine 2A (5HT
2A
) receptors, with additional activity through 5HT
1A
receptors, as well as dopamine and glutamate systems. Investigations into the neurochemical and behavioural effects of this class of drugs have provided important insights into pharmacology and psychiatric conditions. Given their popularity as recreational drugs, investigation of their actions and effects continues to be an important endeavour. In the past 30 years, there has been a renewed interest in conducting clinical studies with these drugs in healthy individuals and in patients with psychiatric conditions in laboratories around the world.

Key Concepts

Hallucinogens have been used for thousands of years by various societies, often in conjunction with spiritual practices.

In the present day, hallucinogens remain highly popular as recreational drugs.

The chemical structure of hallucinogens consists of tryptamines (LSD and psilocybin) and phenethylamines (mescaline and DOM).

The potency of hallucinogens is directly correlated to their ability to act as agonists at the serotonin receptor subtype, 5‐HT
2A
.

Drugs that act at sites other than 5‐HT
2A
receptors can also produce hallucinogen‐like effects (e.g. ketamine, MDMA, salvinorin A, nitrous oxide, GHB).

The signature effects of hallucinogens include perceptual changes, alterations in effect and shifts in cognitive ability.

Negative responses associated with hallucinogens include ‘bad trips’ (severe anxiety and a disconnection with reality) as well as rare instances of ‘flashbacks’ and psychotic breaks.

Human research with hallucinogens has recently been revitalised, augmenting the scientific advances made previously with animal and human studies.