bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-sensitive anomalous Hall effect sensors based on Cr-doped Bi2Te3 topological insulator thin films
Authors: Ning Jiai , Zhao Yafei , Chen Zhendong , Sun Yizhe , Gao Qinwu , Chen Yequan , Kanagaraj Moorthi , Zhang Junran , He Liang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The observation of anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in magnetically doped topological insulators brings a new candidate of Hall sensor with low power consumption. In this work, the transport properties and the sensitivity of AHE sensors based on Cr-doped Bi2Te3 thin films were studied. Obvious AHEs induced by ferromagnetic ordering were presented in all Cr
x
Bi2-x
Te3 sensors. At the optimized doping concentration of x= 0.09, a high sensitivity of 6625 Ω T−1 was achieved, which has increased by 2.5 times compared to the highest reported one in Cr-doped Bi2Te3. More importantly, a considerable sensitivity of 4082 Ω T−1 can be obtained up to 20 K, which implies a higher working temperature than other reports. Our findings suggest Cr-doped Bi2Te3 sensor could be a good candidate for highly sensitive AHE sensors and reveal the extraordinary potential of magnetic TIs in the applications of field detection.
Metal-insulator-metal thin film stack: flux enhancement due to coupling of surface plasmon polariton with wave guide modes
Authors: Raşeev Georges , Achlan Moustafa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A theoretical study is presented of the dispersion of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) and wave guide (WG) modes of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) thin film stack. We study the dispersion of the reflectance and of the transmitted flux, originating from a local excitation source, of an asymmetric MIM air-Au-SiO2-Au-Ti-glass material system in the infrared and visible spectral region for a wide range of SiO2 and gold thicknesses,

d

S
i
O

2

and

d

A
u

. In comparison to reference stacks of air-Au-glass or air-SiO2-glass, between 1.4 and 2.0 eV, the transmitted flux intensity is enhanced 12 or 25 times, in the emission direction of the in-plane wave vector

k
ρ

/

k
0

≈

1.05 and for a thickness of

d

S
i
O

2

∈

[300–700] nm, respectively. This enhancement is attributed to the coupling, through the avoided crossings, between the SPP

a
i
r

and WG modes. As the fields of the SPP

a
i
r

and WG modes are located in different regions of space the enhancement is nearly independent of the number of nodes in the WG mode. In summary we have identified sets of parameters giving rise to the observables enhancement. Therefore the present MIM thin film stack is a simple and a versatile system for the use in applications.
Attenuation correction for human PET/MRI studies
Authors: Catana Ciprian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Attenuation correction has been one of the main methodological challenges in the integrated positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) field. As standard transmission or computed tomography approaches are not available in integrated PET/MRI scanners, MR-based attenuation correction approaches had to be developed. Aspects that have to be considered for implementing accurate methods include the need to account for attenuation in bone tissue, normal and pathological lung and the MR hardware present in the PET field-of-view, to reduce the impact of subject motion, to minimize truncation and susceptibility artifacts, and to address issues related to the data acquisition and processing both on the PET and MRI sides. The standard MR-based attenuation correction techniques implemented by the PET/MRI equipment manufacturers and their impact on clinical and research PET data interpretation and quantification are first discussed. Next, the more advanced methods, including the latest generation deep learning-based approaches that have been proposed for further minimizing the attenuation correction related bias are described. Finally, a future perspective focused on the needed developments in the field is given.
Electronegative magnetized plasma sheath properties in the presence of non-Maxwellian electrons with a homogeneous ion source
Authors: Basnet Suresh , Patel Amit , Khanal Raju 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The three-fluid model was employed to study electronegative magnetized plasma sheath properties in the presence of non-Maxwellian electrons. The Bohm condition for the electronegative magnetized plasma was extended in the presence of a homogeneous ionization source term and an ion-neutral collision force. The effect of the following physical parameters: the degree of non-Maxwellian electrons, ion-neutral collisions, obliqueness of the magnetic field and source frequency on the plasma sheath parameters are numerically analyzed and presented. It was found that the magnitude of the potential increased in all cases and hence the velocity of the ions increased towards the wall. The plasma sheath parameters were not significantly varied about 2λ

De
from the presheath—sheath interface, but after that, the sheath parameters abruptly changed towards the wall. The effect of ion-neutral collisions and the obliqueness of the magnetic field on the potential distribution, net charge density and drift velocity of ions are discussed. Furthermore, a comparison of plasma sheath characteristics with and without the ion source term is systematically presented.
Magnetic flux in stacks of superconducting tapes of different architecture
Authors: Harca I M , Machaj K , Tomkow L , Glowacki B A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Stacks of superconducting tapes nowadays have multiple applications and many new modifications are currently considered to enhance their beneficial properties. We have studied the field trapping in stacks of commercial superconducting tapes with different configurations. Experimental and numerical analyses were performed. The superconducting stacks were magnetized to act as powerful permanent magnets using pulsed field magnetization and field cooling at 77 K. The configurations include a basic stack made of layered tapes, a stack interlayered with ferromagnetic material, a sectioned stack made of thin tapes and a shielded basic stack.
The present study shows that, in terms of total trapped flux, the basic stack performs best, closely followed by the shielded stack. No significant positive effect due to the presence of ferromagnetic layers was found in the studied configuration. The sectioned stack is the worst according to every analysed criterion. The possibility of application of the analysed modification is discussed.
Nonlinear radiation oscillator theory for symmetric and anti-symmetric damping graphene coupled metamaterials
Authors: He Zhihui , Li Chunjiang , Li Zhenxiong , Xue Weiwei , Cui Wei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We develop a novel nonlinear radiation oscillator theory, which can describe nonlinear optical responses in symmetric and anti-symmetric damping graphene coupled metamaterials. An ultra-high quality factor of induced transparency can be realized in the proposed model. The results show that the spectral response and quality factor can be effectively tuned by the resonant detuning, the phase difference, the damping factor as well as the field intensity of the pump light. Moreover, the quality factor of induced transparency is increased by more than 60 times when the field intensity of the pump light and the damping factor are changed. Especially, the single induced transparency window splits into double induced transparency windows as the damping factors of dark mode and bright mode show anti-symmetric damping case. These results may pave the way for designing the high performance of nano-optical devices in terahertz.
Quantification of single-strand DNA by sequence-specific counting in capillary flow cytometry
Authors: Yoo Hee-Bong , Lee Chaeeun , Hong Kee-Suk , Park Sang-Ryoul , Yang Inchul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, we report an approach to achieve sequence-specific counting of single DNA molecules, which is required for more versatile applications of the previously reported absolute DNA quantification technique based on flow cytometric DNA single molecule counting. While using the same capillary-based flow cytometric setup, fluorescence activation of a target DNA was made with a number of fluorescent oligonucleotide probes of complementary sequences to that of a target DNA. The feasibility of the proposed approach was tested with 7 kb single-strand M13 DNA as the target DNA for sequence specific counting for quantification. Sample preparation, the number of fluorescent oligonucleotide probes, and hybridization conditions mainly matter for the performance of the proposed method. Using a set of 30 sequence-specific fluorescent probes with a selected hybridization buffer, acceptable performance was confirmed through comparison with other conventional methods such as digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR), UV spectrophotometry, and deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate analysis by mass spectrometry. Proven comparability to the dPCR method confirmed the feasibility of the proposed approach. With further improvement in instrumentation, the proposed method is expected to become established as a reference measurement procedure for sequence-specific quantification of nucleic acids working under a uniquely straightforward measurement principle.
Disputing
Authors: Williamson Timothy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
What has combat to do with the pursuit of truth? ‘Disputing’ explores the role of debate in philosophy, in which the question-and-answer session is as important as the lecture. The debate can be constructive as well as combative. There is a danger that quieter voices will be drowned out by bluster. Legal disputes are a useful comparison—two sides are not always equal but are more effective than a single magistrate. From Plato onwards, the spoken or written dialogue was an important philosophical tool, and medieval scholars formalized debate into logic games. Disputes can be challenging but preferable to environments where criticism is discouraged.
Doing thought experiments
Authors: Williamson Timothy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Reasonable true belief without knowledge is possible, but knowledge is not only justified true belief—so what is it? ‘Doing thought experiments‘ explores how human beings use their imagination and intuition to solve philosophical problems in imaginary scenarios. Thought experiments have played a major role in recent moral philosophy. Sometimes thought experiments are enacted in real life, whereas some can only be imagined. The challenge is to come up with a scenario interesting enough to prove. Through imagining something fully, we know that it is possible, but imagination is not infallible. What if we all gave the same verdict on a thought experiment, but were wrong?
Approximating posteriors with high-dimensional nuisance parameters via integrated rotated Gaussian approximation
Authors: van den Boom W , Reeves G , Dunson D B 
Published: August 2020

Summary
Posterior computation for high-dimensional data with many parameters can be challenging. This article focuses on a new method for approximating posterior distributions of a low- to moderate-dimensional parameter in the presence of a high-dimensional or otherwise computationally challenging nuisance parameter. The focus is on regression models and the key idea is to separate the likelihood into two components through a rotation. One component involves only the nuisance parameters, which can then be integrated out using a novel type of Gaussian approximation. We provide theory on approximation accuracy that holds for a broad class of forms of the nuisance component and priors. Applying our method to simulated and real datasets shows that it can outperform state-of-the-art posterior approximation approaches.
Aberrant striatal dopamine links topographically with cortico-thalamic dysconnectivity in schizophrenia
Authors: Avram Mihai , Brandl Felix , Knolle Franziska , Cabello Jorge , Leucht Claudia , Scherr Martin , Mustafa Mona , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Leucht Stefan , Ziegler Sibylle , Sorg Christian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aberrant dopamine function in the dorsal striatum and aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) between distinct cortical networks and thalamic nuclei are among the most consistent large-scale brain imaging findings in schizophrenia. A pathophysiological link between these two alterations is suggested by theoretical models based on striatal dopamine’s topographic modulation of cortico-thalamic connectivity within cortico-basal-ganglia-thalamic circuits. We hypothesized that aberrant striatal dopamine links topographically with aberrant cortico-thalamic iFC, i.e. aberrant associative striatum dopamine is associated with aberrant iFC between the salience network and thalamus, and aberrant sensorimotor striatum dopamine with aberrant iFC between the auditory-sensorimotor network and thalamus. Nineteen patients with schizophrenia during remission of psychotic symptoms and 19 age- and sex-comparable control subjects underwent simultaneous fluorodihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine PET (18F-DOPA-PET) and resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). The influx constant kicer based on 18F-DOPA-PET was used to measure striatal dopamine synthesis capacity; correlation coefficients between rs-fMRI time series of cortical networks and thalamic regions of interest were used to measure iFC. In the salience network-centred system, patients had reduced associative striatum dopamine synthesis capacity, which correlated positively with decreased salience network-mediodorsal-thalamus iFC. This correlation was present in both patients and healthy controls. In the auditory-sensorimotor network-centred system, patients had reduced sensorimotor striatum dopamine synthesis capacity, which correlated positively with increased auditory-sensorimotor network-ventrolateral-thalamus iFC. This correlation was present in patients only. Results demonstrate that reduced striatal dopamine synthesis capacity links topographically with cortico-thalamic intrinsic dysconnectivity in schizophrenia. Data suggest that aberrant striatal dopamine and cortico-thalamic dysconnectivity are pathophysiologically related within dopamine-modulated cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits in schizophrenia.
Neighborhood Deprivation and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viral Suppression: A Single-center, Cross-sectional Study in the United States Midwest
Authors: Khazanchi Rohan , Sayles Harlan , Bares Sara H , Swindells Susan , Marcelin Jasmine R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Combating disparities is a crucial goal of ongoing efforts to end the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. In a multivariable analysis of a cohort in the Midwestern United States, racial/ethnic disparities in HIV viral suppression were no longer robust after accounting for other sociodemographic factors. Neighborhood deprivation and low income were independently inversely associated with viral suppression.
A blubber gene expression index for evaluating stress in marine mammals
Authors: Pujade Busqueta Laura , Crocker Daniel E , Champagne Cory D , McCormley Molly C , Deyarmin Jared S , Houser Dorian S , Khudyakov Jane I 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Evaluating the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on free-ranging marine mammal populations, many of which are in decline, requires robust diagnostic markers of physiological stress and health. However, circulating levels of canonical ‘stress hormones’ such as glucocorticoids, which are commonly used to evaluate animal health, do not capture the complexity of species-specific responses and cannot be easily measured in large, fully aquatic marine mammals. Alternatively, expression of stress-responsive genes in hormone target tissues such as blubber, the specialized subcutaneous adipose tissue that can be manually or remotely sampled from many marine mammals, may be a more informative and sensitive indicator of recent (within 24 h) exposure to stressors. We previously identified genes that were upregulated in the inner blubber of juvenile northern elephant seals during experimental stimulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. In this study, we measured baseline expression levels of a subset of these genes in inner blubber of unmanipulated juvenile elephant seals of varying physiological states and correlated them with other stress markers (body condition index, corticosteroid and thyroid hormone levels). Expression of 10 genes, including those associated with lipid metabolism (ACSL1, HMGCS2, CDO1), redox homeostasis (GPX3), adipokine signaling (ADIPOQ), lipid droplet formation (PLIN1, CIDEA) and adipogenesis (DKK1, AZGP1, TGFBI), was described by three principal components and was associated with cortisol and thyroid hormone levels. Significantly, baseline gene expression levels were predictive of circulating hormone levels, suggesting that these markers may be potential indicators of exposure to stressors in marine mammal species that are inaccessible for blood sampling. A similar approach may be used to identify species-specific stress markers in other tissues that can be sampled by remote biopsy dart from free-ranging marine mammals, such as outer blubber and skin.
Safety of patients and providers in lung cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chang Stephanie H , Zervos Michael , Kent Amie , Chachoua Abraham , Bizekis Costas , Pass Harvey , Cerfolio Robert J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in patient reluctance to seek care due to fear of contracting the virus, especially in New York City which was the epicentre during the surge. The primary objectives of this study are to evaluate the safety of patients who have undergone pulmonary resection for lung cancer as well as provider safety, using COVID-19 testing, symptoms and early patient outcomes.

METHODS
Patients with confirmed or suspected pulmonary malignancy who underwent resection from 13 March to 4 May 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS
Between 13 March and 4 May 2020, 2087 COVID-19 patients were admitted, with a median daily census of 299, to one of our Manhattan campuses (80% of hospital capacity). During this time, 21 patients (median age 72 years) out of 45 eligible surgical candidates underwent pulmonary resection—13 lobectomies, 6 segmentectomies and 2 pneumonectomies were performed by the same providers who were caring for COVID-19 patients. None of the patients developed major complications, 5 had minor complications, and the median length of hospital stay was 2 days. No previously COVID-19-negative patient (n = 20/21) or healthcare provider (n = 9: 3 surgeons, 3 surgical assistants, 3 anaesthesiologists) developed symptoms of or tested positive for COVID-19.

CONCLUSIONS
Pulmonary resection for lung cancer is safe in selected patients, even when performed by providers who care for COVID-19 patients in a hospital with a large COVID-19 census. None of our patients or providers developed symptoms of COVID-19 and no patient experienced major morbidity or mortality.
Surgical treatment of prosthetic mechanical valve thrombosis with the aid of high-flow CO2
Authors: Moscarelli Marco , Nasso Giuseppe , Vite Giuseppe , Speziale Giuseppe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The surgical treatment of prosthetic mechanical valve thrombosis involves redo valve replacement and removal of the thrombi layers. The hinges and near-hinge areas of the bi-leaflet mechanical valve are a ‘stagnation area’ where blood flow is typically unsteady and can give rise to thrombi; however, these zones are not easily accessed with surgical instruments. Here, we present a case in which high-flow CO2 was used to facilitate the removal of microthrombi in the stagnation area around a prosthetic mechanical valve.
Testing the consistency of preferences in discrete choice experiments: an eye tracking study
Authors: Segovia Michelle S , Palma Marco A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A within-subjects experiment with eye tracking was implemented to test the consistency of preferences over three repeated choice experiments. The empirical results indicate that after changing the position of the same alternatives in the choice set, participants were consistent with their choices 69 per cent of the time. Moreover, after reverting back to the identical original positions of the alternatives but randomising the order of the choice sets, individuals’ choices were consistent 67 per cent of the time. Eye tracking data revealed that subjects’ visual attention towards the product attributes was also consistent over the sequence of choices. The robustness of these results was further demonstrated by using random parameters models with flexible mixing distributions to calculate willingness-to-pay for the product attributes and compare its consistency across choice experiments.
Calculated Ageism: Generational Sacrifice as a Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Barrett Anne E , Michael Cherish , Padavic Irene 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Popular responses to the pandemic illustrate ageism’s pervasiveness and the extent of collective acquiescence to its newest expressions. We explore these themes by analyzing Twitter reactions to “calculated ageism”—a term we use to refer to a political figure’s edict that older adults should sacrifice their lives if it will mitigate the pandemic’s economic damage to younger people.

Method
Using thematic analysis, we examine tweets (n = 188) responding to Texas Lt. Governor Dan Patrick’s March 23, 2020, statement that encouraged generational self-sacrifice. Themes that emerged included positions of support or opposition and tweeters’ critiques.

Results
The large majority of tweets—90%—opposed calculated ageism, while only 5% supported it and 5% conveyed no position. Opposition centered on moral critiques, political-economic critiques, assertions of older adults’ worth, and public health arguments. Support centered on individual responsibility and patriotism.

Discussion
While prior research reveals ageism’s entrenchment in popular culture, our study finds that it has limits and identifies the reasons underlying them. The most common reasons for opposing calculated ageism center on its immorality and on its privileging of the economic interests of the powerful few over the many, patterns suggesting that the boundaries of ageism are influenced by core beliefs about fairness. They also are shaped by a bedrock conviction that older lives have value. This intergenerational solidarity could be leveraged to reduce ageism during the pandemic and beyond.
Plant Variety Rights Protection and Essentially Derived Varieties: A Fresh Proposal to Untie the Gordian Knot
Authors: Bostyn Sven J R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The concept of essentially derived varieties (EDVs) under the UPOV Convention 1991 has presented many challenges both to the UPOV and users of the system. The concept of EDVs is not only framed in rather difficult language in the statute, it has proven equally difficult to apply. Moreover, gaining consensus on the exact interpretation of the concept, left to be implemented later on by courts and/or guidelines, has been an equally challenging task due to a lack of clarity in the provisions of the UPOV 1991 Convention. This article constitutes a novel and original contribution to the research that has been carried out in the area of EDVs. Novel approaches are necessary to untie the EDV knot. The approaches presented here are inspired by other areas of (intellectual property) law. A careful study of the solutions presented herein demonstrate that at least some of them can effectively put an end to at least some of the deadlock and legal uncertainty surrounding the EDV concept. It is hoped that this contribution and the approaches it puts forward can be the catalyst for a new debate, which is not only necessary but also long overdue.