bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum anomalous Hall effect in two-dimensional magnetic insulator heterojunctions
Authors: Pan Jinbo , Yu Jiabin , Zhang Yan-Fang , Du Shixuan , Janotti Anderson , Liu Chao-Xing , Yan Qimin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent years have witnessed tremendous success in the discovery of topological states of matter. Particularly, sophisticated theoretical methods in time-reversal-invariant topological phases have been developed, leading to the comprehensive search of crystal database and the prediction of thousands of topological materials. In contrast, the discovery of magnetic topological phases that break time reversal is still limited to several exemplary materials because the coexistence of magnetism and topological electronic band structure is rare in a single compound. To overcome this challenge, we propose an alternative approach to realize the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect, a typical example of magnetic topological phase, via engineering two-dimensional (2D) magnetic van der Waals heterojunctions. Instead of a single magnetic topological material, we search for the combinations of two 2D (typically trivial) magnetic insulator compounds with specific band alignment so that they can together form a type-III broken-gap heterojunction with topologically non-trivial band structure. By combining the data-driven materials search, first-principles calculations, and the symmetry-based analytical models, we identify eight type-III broken-gap heterojunctions consisting of 2D ferromagnetic insulators in the MXY compound family as a set of candidates for the QAH effect. In particular, we directly calculate the topological invariant (Chern number) and chiral edge states in the MnNF/MnNCl heterojunction with ferromagnetic stacking. This work illustrates how data-driven material science can be combined with symmetry-based physical principles to guide the search for heterojunction-based quantum materials hosting the QAH effect and other exotic quantum states in general.
Smartphone-powered efficient water disinfection at the point of use
Authors: Zhou Jianfeng , Yang Fang , Huang Yuxiong , Ding Wenbo , Xie Xing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClean water free of bacteria is a precious resource in areas where no centralized water facilities are available. Conventional chlorine disinfection is limited by chemical transportation, storage, and the production of carcinogenic by-products. Here, a smartphone-powered disinfection system is developed for point-of-use (POU) bacterial inactivation. The integrated system uses the smartphone battery as a power source, and a customized on-the-go (OTG) hardware connected to the phone to realize the desired electrical output. Through a downloadable mobile application, the electrical output, either constant current (20–1000 µA) or voltage (0.7–2.1 V), can be configured easily through a user-friendly graphical interface on the screen. The disinfection device, a coaxial-electrode copper ionization cell (CECIC), inactivates bacteria by low levels of electrochemically generated copper with low energy consumption. The strategy of constant current control is applied in this study to solve the problem of uncontrollable copper release by previous constant voltage control. With the current control, a high inactivation efficiency of E. coli (~6 logs) is achieved with a low level of effluent Cu (~200 µg L−1) in the water samples within a range of salt concentration (0.2–1 mmol L−1). The smartphone-based power workstation provides a versatile and accurate electrical output with a simple graphical user interface. The disinfection device is robust, highly efficient, and does not require complex equipment. As smartphones are pervasive in modern life, the smartphone-powered CECIC system could provide an alternative decentralized water disinfection approach like rural areas and outdoor activities.
Viral metagenomes of Lake Soyang, the largest freshwater lake in South Korea
Authors: Moon Kira , Kim Suhyun , Kang Ilnam , Cho Jang-Cheon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA high number of viral metagenomes have revealed countless genomes of putative bacteriophages that have not yet been identified due to limitations in bacteriophage cultures. However, most virome studies have been focused on marine or gut environments, thereby leaving the viral community structure of freshwater lakes unclear. Because the lakes located around the globe have independent ecosystems with unique characteristics, viral community structures are also distinctive but comparable. Here, we present data on viral metagenomes that were seasonally collected at a depth of 1 m from Lake Soyang, the largest freshwater reservoir in South Korea. Through shotgun metagenome sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform, 3.08 to 5.54-Gbps of reads per virome were obtained. To predict the viral genome sequences within Lake Soyang, contigs were constructed and 648 to 1,004 putative viral contigs were obtained per sample. We expect that both viral metagenome reads and viral contigs would contribute in comparing and understanding of viral communities among different freshwater lakes depending on seasonal changes.
Direct observation of potential phase at joining interface between p-MgO and n-MgFe2O4
Authors: Sakaguchi Chisato , Nara Yasumasa , Hashishin Takeshi , Abe Hiroya , Matsuda Motohide , Tsurekawa Sadahiro , Kubota Hiroshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVisualization of the depletion layer is a significant a guideline for the material design of gas sensors. We attempted to measure the potential barrier at the interface of core–shell microspheres composed of p-MgO/n-MgFe2O4/Fe2O3 from the inside out by means of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) as a first step to visualizing enlargement of the depletion layer. As determined by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, ca. 70% of the microspheres were hollow with a wall thickness of ca. 200 nm. Elemental mapping revealed that the hollow particles were composed of ca. 20 nm of MgO, ca. 80 nm of MgFe2O4, and ca. 100 nm of Fe2O3. A difference of 0.2 V at the p-MgO/n-MgFe2O4 interface was clarified by KPFM measurements of the hollow particles, suggesting that this difference depends on the formation of a p–n junction. The potential barrier enlarged by the formation of a p–n junction was considered to increase the resistance in air (Ra), since the Ra of the core–shell hollow microspheres was higher than that of MgO, Fe2O3, MgO–Fe2O3, and MgO/MgFe2O4/Fe2O3 particles with irregular shapes. Measurement of the potential barrier height by KPFM is a promising potential approach to tuning the gas sensitivity of oxide semiconductors.
Mechanistic insights into the loss-of-function mechanisms of rare human D-amino acid oxidase variants implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Padhi Aditya K. , Zhang Kam Y. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImpaired enzymatic activity in D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) caused by missense mutations has been shown to trigger amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through an abnormal accumulation of D-serine in the spinal cord. While loss of enzymatic functions of certain ALS-causing DAAO variants have been studied before, a detailed understanding of structure-dynamics-function relationship of the rare DAAO variants has not been investigated hitherto. To address this, we carried out a comprehensive study of all the reported rare DAAO variants. By employing a spectrum of bioinformatics analyses along with extensive structural dynamics simulations, we show that certain rare variants disrupted key interactions with the active site and decreased the conformational flexibility of active site loop comprising residues 216–228, which is essential for substrate binding and product release. Moreover, these variants lost crucial interactions with the cofactor flavin-adenine-dinucleotide, resulting in weaker binding affinity. A detailed inspection revealed that these variants exhibited such characteristics due to the abrogation of specific salt bridges. Taken together, our study provides a gateway into the structural-dynamic features of the rare DAAO variants and highlights the importance of informatics-based integrated analyses in the screening and prioritization of variants a priori to the clinical-functional characterization.
Bending behavior of biomimetic scale covered beam with tunable stiffness scales
Authors: Tatari Milad , Kamrava Soroush , Ghosh Ranajay , Nayeb-Hashemi Hamid , Vaziri Ashkan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiomimetic scales provide a convenient template to tailor the bending stiffness of the underlying slender substrate due to their mutual sliding after engagement. Scale stiffness can therefore directly impact the substrate behavior, opening a potential avenue for substrate stiffness tunability. Here, we have developed a biomimetic beam, which is covered by tunable stiffness scales. Scale tunability is achieved by specially designed plate like scales consisting of layers of low melting point alloy (LMPA) phase change materials fully enclosed inside a soft polymer. These composite scales can transition between stiff and soft states by straddling the temperatures across LMPA melting points thereby drastically altering stiffness. We experimentally analyze the bending behavior of biomimetic beams covered with tunable stiffness scales of two architectures—one with single enclosure of LMPA and one with two enclosures of different melting point LMPAs. These architectures provide a continuous stiffness change of the underlying substrate post engagement, controlled by the operating temperature. We characterize this response using three-point bending experiments at various temperature profiles. Our results demonstrate for the first time, the pronounced and reversible tunability in the bending behavior of biomimetic scale covered beam, which are strongly dependent on the scale material and architecture. Particularly, it is shown that the bending stiffness of the biomimetic scale covered beam can be actively and reversibly tuned by a factor of up to 7. The developed biomimetic beam has applications in soft robotic grippers, smart segmented armors, deployable structures and soft swimming robots.
Specific stacking angles of bilayer graphene grown on atomic-flat and -stepped Cu surfaces
Authors: Cho Hyeyeon , Park Yohwan , Kim Soyoung , Ahn Taemin , Kim Tae-Hwan , Choi Hee Cheul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBilayer graphene (BLG) exhibits unique properties depending on a stacking angle between the two layers of graphene. Although it has been known that BLGs having stacking angles of 0° and 30° can be obtained by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), not much is known yet about the effect of copper (Cu) surface on the decision of stacking angle, through which further fine control of the stacking angle could be possible. Here, we report that the crystal plane of Cu catalyst plays a critical role in the selection of the stacking angle of BLG, and provide experimental and computational evidence that an atomic-flat Cu (111) surface generates BLGs having 0° and 30° of stacking angle, while atomic-stepped Cu (311) and Cu (110) surfaces mainly produce small stacking angle BLGs with 3–5° of stacking angle as a major product by CVD.
Spatial Release From Informational and Energetic Masking in Bimodal and Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: D'Onofrio Kristen , Richards Virginia , Gifford René 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Spatially separating speech and background noise improves speech understanding in normal-hearing listeners, an effect referred to as spatial release from masking (SRM). In cochlear implant (CI) users, SRM has often been demonstrated using asymmetric noise configurations, which maximize benefit from head shadow and the potential availability of binaural cues. In contrast, SRM in symmetrical configurations has been minimal to absent in CI users. We examined the interaction between two types of maskers (informational and energetic) and SRM in bimodal and bilateral CI users. We hypothesized that SRM would be absent or “negative” using symmetrically separated noise maskers. Second, we hypothesized that bimodal listeners would exhibit greater release from informational masking due to access to acoustic information in the non-CI ear.

Method

Participants included 10 bimodal and 10 bilateral CI users. Speech understanding in noise was tested in 24 conditions: 3 spatial configurations (S
0
N
0
, S
0
N
45&315
, S
0
N
90&270
) × 2 masker types (speech, signal-correlated noise) × 2 listening configurations (best-aided, CI-alone) × 2 talker gender conditions (different-gender, same-gender).

Results
In support of our first hypothesis, both groups exhibited negative SRM with increasing spatial separation. In opposition to our second hypothesis, both groups exhibited similar magnitudes of release from informational masking. The magnitude of release was greater for bimodal listeners, though this difference failed to reach statistical significance.

Conclusions
Both bimodal and bilateral CI recipients exhibited negative SRM. This finding is consistent with CI signal processing limitations, the audiologic factors associated with SRM, and known effects of behind-the-ear microphone technology. Though release from informational masking was not significantly different across groups, the magnitude of release was greater for bimodal listeners. This suggests that bimodal listeners may be at least marginally more susceptible to informational masking than bilateral CI users, though further research is warranted.
Model‐based control of a VSC‐based power generator with synthetic inertia provision in an isolated micro‐grid
Authors: Hardan Faysal , Norman Rosemary , Leithead William 
Published: October 2020

Distributed energy resources such as solar photovoltaic, wind and energy storage systems are increasingly being utilised within isolated and grid‐connected microgrids. Their integration has prompted the move towards more advanced coordinated control for flexible, efficient and secure operation of microgrid‐based power systems. This study presents a new power control method based on a canonical inverse model and implied synthetic inertia (SI), which is implemented on a voltage source converter‐based power generator (VSC‐PG) for frequency response support. The control method augments a traditional power controller whilst the SI technique is blended with a new switching mechanism which enhances the performance of the VSC‐PG when it is utilised with SI provision capability. The switching mechanism acts only when necessary, without contradicting the main frequency regulating sources. For assessment, the above method and SI technique have been designed and modelled for a 630 kVA VSC‐PG with DC‐link battery bank. The VSC‐PG was connected within an isolated/remote microgrid formed by an 11 kV feeder, 1 MVA diesel generator and variable load. The performances of the proposed power controller and SI provider have been tested and analysed using detailed Matlab/Simulink simulations and found to compare favourably with methods published in the literature.
Euclid: Forecast constraints on the cosmic distance duality relation with complementary external probes
Authors: Martinelli M. , Martins C. J. A. P. , Nesseris S. , Sapone D. , Tutusaus I. , Avgoustidis A. , Camera S. , Carbone C. , Casas S. , Ilić S. , Sakr Z. , Yankelevich V. , Auricchio N. , Balestra A. , Bodendorf C. , Bonino D. , Branchini E. , Brescia M. , Brinchmann J. , Capobianco V. , Carretero J. , Castellano M. , Cavuoti S. , Cledassou R. , Congedo G. , Conversi L. , Corcione L. , Dubath F. , Ealet A. , Frailis M. , Franceschi E. , Fumana M. , Garilli B. , Gillis B. , Giocoli C. , Grupp F. , Haugan S. V. H. , Holmes W. , Hormuth F. , Jahnke K. , Kermiche S. , Kilbinger M. , Kitching T. D. , Kubik B. , Kunz M. , Kurki-Suonio H. , Ligori S. , Lilje P. B. , Lloro I. , Marggraf O. , Markovic K. , Massey R. , Mei S. , Meneghetti M. , Meylan G. , Moscardini L. , Niemi S. , Padilla C. , Paltani S. , Pasian F. , Pettorino V. , Pires S. , Polenta G. , Poncet M. , Popa L. , Pozzetti L. , Raison F. , Rhodes J. , Roncarelli M. , Saglia R. , Schneider P. , Secroun A. , Serrano S. , Sirignano C. , Sirri G. , Sureau F. , Taylor A. N. , Tereno I. , Toledo-Moreo R. , Valenziano L. , Vassallo T. , Wang Y. , Welikala N. , Weller J. , Zacchei A. 
Published: October 2020

Context. In metric theories of gravity with photon number conservation, the luminosity and angular diameter distances are related via the Etherington relation, also known as the distance duality relation (DDR). A violation of this relation would rule out the standard cosmological paradigm and point to the presence of new physics.
Aims. We quantify the ability of Euclid, in combination with contemporary surveys, to improve the current constraints on deviations from the DDR in the redshift range 0 <  z <  1.6.
Methods. We start with an analysis of the latest available data, improving previously reported constraints by a factor of 2.5. We then present a detailed analysis of simulated Euclid and external data products, using both standard parametric methods (relying on phenomenological descriptions of possible DDR violations) and a machine learning reconstruction using genetic algorithms.
Results. We find that for parametric methods Euclid can (in combination with external probes) improve current constraints by approximately a factor of six, while for non-parametric methods Euclid can improve current constraints by a factor of three.
Conclusions. Our results highlight the importance of surveys like Euclid in accurately testing the pillars of the current cosmological paradigm and constraining physics beyond the standard cosmological model.
Obduktionen bei COVID-19
Authors: Goebels Hanna , Edler Carolin , Fitzek Antonia , Schädler Julia , Schröder Ann Sophie , Kniep Inga , Püschel Klaus 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei der Erkrankung COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) handelt es sich um eine virale Infektion mit einem Betacoronavirus, bei der die Infizierten an unterschiedlichen klinischen Symptomen leiden. Bei Erkrankten können sich Symptome wie Husten, Fieber sowie schwere respiratorische und organische Funktionseinschränkungen zeigen 1, 2. Pathophysiologisch bindet nach der Aufnahme des Virus über den oberen Respirationstrakt ein viruseigenes Spikeprotein an den membrangebundenen ACE2-Rezeptor (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Rezeptor), welcher vorrangig in Lungen-, Herz- und Nierengewebe exprimiert wird. Da es bei den unterschiedlichen Organgeweben zu heterogenen Expressionsmustern von ACE2-Rezeptoren kommt, sind die Effekte der Infektion variabel. Diese pathologischen Veränderungen werden im Folgenden aus den Erkenntnissen bisheriger Publikationen, in denen postmortale Untersuchungen im Rahmen einer offenen Leichenschau (Obduktion) oder einer postmortalen Bildgebung (PMCT) durchgeführt wurden, zusammenfassend dargestellt. Nicht näher eingegangen wird auf die bereits vielfach dargestellten diversen Vorerkrankungen der meist multimorbiden und hochbetagten Patienten unter den COVID-19-Sterbefällen.
Security and democratic equality
Authors: Milstein Brian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAfter a recent spate of terrorist attacks in European and American cities, liberal democracies are reintroducing emergency securitarian measures (ESMs) that curtail rights and/or expand police powers. Political theorists who study ESMs are familiar with how such measures become instruments of discrimination and abuse, but the fundamental conflict ESMs pose for not just civil liberty but also democratic equality still remains insufficiently explored. Such phenomena are usually explained as a function of public panic or fear-mongering in times of crisis, but I show that the tension betweensecurity and equalityis in fact much deeper and more general. It follows a different logic than the more familiar tension between security and liberty, and it concerns not just theruleof law in protecting liberty but also theroleof law in integrating new or previously subjected groups into a democratic community. As liberal-democratic societies become increasingly diverse and multicultural in the present era of mass immigration and global interconnectedness, this tension between security and equality is likely to become more pronounced.
Multiplicity and pseudo-rapidity density distributions of charged particles produced in pp, pA and AA collisions at RHIC & LHC energies
Authors: Basu Sumit , Thakur Sanchari , Nayak Tapan K , Pruneau Claude A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Multiplicity and pseudorapidity (η) density (dN
ch/dη) distributions of charged hadrons provide key information towards understanding the particle production mechanisms and initial conditions of high-energy heavy-ion collisions. However, detector constraints limit the η-range across which charged particle measurements can be carried out. Extrapolating the measured distributions to large η-range by parameterizing measured distributions and by using calculations from event generators, we characterize the production of charged particles over the full kinematic range. In the present study, we use three different ans

a

̈

tze to obtain quantitative descriptions of the shape of pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons produced in pp, p–A, and A–A collisions for beam energies (

s

NN

) ranging from a few GeV to a few TeV corresponding to RHIC and LHC energies. We study the limiting fragmentation behavior in these collisions and report evidence for participant-scaling violations in high-energy collisions at the TeV scale. We additionally examine measured pseudorapidity distributions to constrain models describing initial conditions of particle production. We predict the centrality dependence of charged particle multiplicity distributions at FAIR and NICA energies and give an estimation of charged particle multiplicity at η = 0 for the proposed HE-LHC and FCC energies.
Multichannel seismocardiography: an imaging modality for investigating heart vibrations
Authors: Munck Kim , Sørensen Kasper , Struijk Johannes J , Schmidt Samuel E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: Seismocardiography is the measurement of vibration waves caused by the beating heart with accelerometer(s) placed on the chest. Investigating the nature and the behavior of these vibration waves, by comparing measurements from multiple sites, would help to understand the heart’s mechanical contraction activity. Approach: Using newly designed multichannel seismocardiogram equipment, it was possible to investigate the vibration waves with 16 three-axis sensors. The equipment performed well with highly precise synchronization rate over 10 min, linear frequency response and high signal quality. The vibration waves were analyzed using the sagittal axis, a single cardiac cycle and focusing on four fiducial points. Two of the fiducial point where the negative and positive peaks associated with aorta valve opening, along with peaks associated with aorta valve closing. Main results: The respective average centers of mass of the four fiducial points in 13 subjects were at (frontal axis: 35 mm, vertical axis: 5 mm), (31, 6), (26, 24), and (4, −2), relative to the Xiphoid Process. Similar patterns among the subjects were identified for the propagation of the waves across the chest for the four fiducial points. Significance: The multichannel seismocardiogram equipment successfully revealed a general pattern present in chest surface vibration maps.