bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular hypertrophy in a contemporary cohort of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients
Authors: Chen Huanwen , Watnick Terry , Hong Susie N. , Daly Barry , Li Yongfang , Seliger Stephen L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) often develop hypertension in childhood or early adulthood. Although this could result in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, prior studies of LVH in ADPKD have yielded conflicting results. We estimated the prevalence of LVH using consensus echocardiography criteria and examined the independent association of ADPKD severity with LV mass in a contemporary cohort of ADPKD patients.MethodsAdults with ADPKD and eGFR> 15 ml/min/1.73m2were enrolled in a single-center study. Left Ventricular Mass (LVM) was quantified using 2D echocardiography, and LVH was defined using gender-specific cut-points of LVM and LVM indexed to body surface area (LVMI) from consensus guidelines. Total Kidney Volume (TKV) was quantified using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and GFR was estimated from serum creatinine using the CKD-Epi equation. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the association of TKV and eGFR with LVM and LVMI, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsAmong 126 participants (78% with hypertension), median age was 46 years, median eGFR 63 ml/min/1.73 m2, and median [IQR] systolic blood pressure was 125 [116–133] mmHg. Prevalence of LVH was 21.4% as defined by LVMI and was not significantly different (p = 0.8) between those with and without HTN, and was similar (21.4%) after excluding those (N = 21) with known cardiac disease. Greater TKV and lower eGFR were directly correlated with greater LVMI (p = .016 andp < .001, respectively). In multiple linear regression models accounting for potential confounders including blood pressure, greater TKV was positively associated with LVM ($$ \hat{\beta} $$β̂=0.19,p = 0.04).ConclusionsIn a contemporary cohort of ADPKD patients with well-controlled blood pressure, the prevalence of LVH is high, and ADPKD severity as reflected by TKV is independently associated with greater LV mass. These results may suggest a relationship between ADPKD pathophysiology and increased LV mass.
Thermal imaging applications in neonatal care: a scoping review
Authors: Topalidou Anastasia , Ali Nazmin , Sekulic Slobodan , Downe Soo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn neonatal care, assessment of the temperature of the neonate is essential to confirm on-going health, and as an early signal of potential pathology. However, some methods of temperature assessment involve disturbing the baby, disrupting essential sleep patterns, and interrupting maternal/infant interaction. Thermal imaging is a completely non-invasive and non-contact method of assessing emitted temperature, but it is not a standard method for neonatal thermal monitoring. To examine the potential utility of using thermal imaging in neonatal care, we conducted a comprehensive systematic scoping review of thermal imaging applications in this context.MethodsWe searched EMBASE, MEDLINE and MIDIRS.ResultsFrom 442 hits, 21 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. A significant number (n = 9) were published in the last 8 years. All the studies were observational studies, with 20 out of 21 undertaken in North America or Europe. Most of them had small cohorts (range 4–29 participants). The findings were analysed narratively, to establish the issues identified in the included studies. Five broad themes emerged for future examination. These were: general thermal physiology; heat loss and respiratory monitoring; identification of internal pathologies, including necrotising enterocolitis; other uses of thermal imaging; and technical concerns. The findings suggest that thermal imaging is a reliable and non-invasive method for continuous monitoring of the emitted temperature of the neonates, with potential for contributing to the assurance of wellbeing, and to the diagnosis of pathologies, including internal abnormalities. However, the introduction of thermal imaging into everyday neonatology practice has several methodological challenges, including environmental parameters, especially when infants are placed in incubators or open radiant warmers.ConclusionIn conclusion, although the first attempt at using thermal imaging in neonatal care started in the early-1970s, with promising results, and subsequent small cohort studies have recently reinforced this potential, there have not been any large prospective studies in this area that examine both the benefits and the barriers to its use in practice.
Repurposing mechanistic insight of PDE-5 inhibitor in cancer chemoprevention through mitochondrial-oxidative stress intervention and blockade of DuCLOX signalling
Authors: Singh Manjari , Kasna Sweta , Roy Subhadeep , Aldosary Sara , Saeedan Abdulaziz S. , Ansari Mohd. Nazam , Kaithwas Gaurav 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
This study evaluates the anti-cancer effects of Tadalafil (potent PDE-5 inhibitor) in female albino wistar rats against n-methyl n-nitrosourea induced mammary gland carcinogenesis.

Methods
The animals were selected and randomly divided among four groups and each group contains six animals per group. The animal tissue and serum samples were evaluated for the presence of antioxidant parameters and the cellular morphology was studied using carminic staining, haematoxylin staining and scanning electron microscopy followed by immunoblotting analysis.

Results
On the grounds of hemodynamic recordings and morphology, n-methyl n-nitrosourea treated group showed distorted changes along with distorted morphological parameters. For morphological analysis, the mammary gland tissues were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, whole mount carmine staining, haematoxylin and eosin staining. The serum samples were evaluated for the evaluation of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory markers. The level of caspase 3 and 8 were also evaluated for the estimation of apoptosis. The fatty acid profiling of mammary gland tissue was evaluated using fatty acid methyl esters formation. The mitochondrial mediated apoptosis and inflammatory markers were evaluated using immunoblotting assay.

Conclusion
The results confirm that Tadalafil treatment restored all the biological markers to the normal and its involvement in mitochondrial mediated death apoptosis pathway along with inhibition of inflammatory markers.
Publication statuses of clinical trials supporting FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-epidemiological investigation
Authors: Omae Kenji , Kataoka Yuki , Tsujimoto Yasushi , Tsutsumi Yusuke , Yamamoto Yosuke , Fukuhara Shunichi , Furukawa Toshi A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The low data publication rate for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, and discrepancies between FDA-submitted versus published data, remain a concern. We investigated the publication statuses of sponsor-submitted clinical trials supporting recent anticancer drugs approved by the FDA, with a focus on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis).

Methods
We identified all ICPis approved between 2011 and 2014, thereby obtaining 3 years of follow-up data. We assessed the clinical trials performed for each drug indication and matched each trial with publications in the literature. The primary benchmark was the publication status 2 years post-approval. We examined the association between time to publication and drug type using a multilevel Cox regression model that was adjusted for clustering within drug indications and individual covariates.

Results
Between 2011 and 2014, 36 anticancer drugs including 3 ICPis were newly approved by the FDA. Of 19 trials investigating the 3 ICPis, 11 (58%) were published within 2 years post-approval. We randomly selected 10 of the 33 remaining anticancer drugs; 68 of 101 trials investigating these drugs (67%) were published. Overall, the publication rate was 66% at 2 years post-approval with a median time to publication of 2.3 years. There was no significant difference in the time to trial publication between ICPis and other anticancer drugs (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8–1.7; P = 0.55). However, findings related to non-ICPis investigated specifically in randomized phase 2 or phase 3 trials were significantly more likely to be published earlier than those related to ICPis (adjusted HR, 7.4; 95% CI, 1.8–29.5; P = 0.005).

Conclusion
One in 3 sponsor-submitted trials of the most recently approved anticancer drugs remained unpublished 2 years post-FDA approval. We found no evidence that the drug type was associated with the time to overall trial publication.
The value of GRASP on DCE-MRI for assessing response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Lu Yanan , Ma Ling , Qin Jianjun , Wang Zhaoqi , Guo Jia , Zhao Yan , Zhang Hongkai , Yan Xu , Liu Hui , Li Hailiang , Kamel Ihab R. , Qu Jinrong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
To compare the value of two dynamic contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Images (DCE-MRI) reconstruction approaches, namely golden-angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP) and view-sharing with golden-angle radial profile (VS-GR) reconstruction, and evaluate their values in assessing response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) in patients with esophageal cancer (EC).

Methods
EC patients receiving nCT before surgery were enrolled prospectively. DCE-MRI scanning was performed after nCT and within 1 week before surgery. Tumor Regression Grade (TRG) was used for chemotherapy response evaluation, and patients were stratified into a responsive group (TRG1 + 2) and a non-responsive group (TRG3 + 4 + 5). Wilcoxon test was utilized for comparing GRASP and VS-GR reconstruction, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test was performed for each parameter to assess response, and Spearman test was performed for analyzing correlation between parameters and TRGs, as well as responder and non-responder. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was utilized for each significant parameter to assess its accuracy between responders and non-responders.

Results
Among the 64 patients included in this cohort (52 male, 12 female; average age of 59.1 ± 7.9 years), 4 patients showed TRG1, 4 patients were TRG2, 7 patients were TRG3, 11 patients were TRG4, and 38 patients were TRG5. They were stratified into 8 responders and 56 non-responders.
A total of 15 parameters were calculated from each tumor. With VS-GR, 10/15 parameters significantly correlated with TRG and response groups. Of these, only AUCmax showed moderate correlation with TRG, 7 showed low correlation and 2 showed negligible correlation with TRG. 8 showed low correlation and 2 showed negligible correlation with response groups. With GRASP, 13/15 parameters significantly correlated with TRG and response groups. Of these, 10 showed low correlation and 3 showed negligible correlation with TRG. 11 showed low correlation and 2 showed negligible correlation with TRG. Seven parameters (AUC* > 0.70, P < 0.05) showed good performance in response groups.

Conclusions
In patients with esophageal cancer on neoadjuvant chemotherapy, several parameters can differentiate responders from non-responders, using both GRASP and VS-GR techniques. GRASP may be able to better differentiate these two groups compared to VS-GR.
Trial registration for this prospective study: ChiCTR, ChiCTR-DOD-14005308. Registered 2 October 2014.
Weight management among school-aged children and adolescents: a quantitative assessment in a Ghanaian municipality
Authors: Gyamfi Daniel , Obirikorang Christian , Acheampong Emmanuel , Asamoah Evans Adu , Sampong Bernard Berko , Batu Emmanuella Nsenbah , Anto Enoch Odame 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Childhood and adolescent overweight, obesity and underweight have become an issue of grave concern to both the developed and developing countries in context of global burden of non-communicable diseases. Unhealthy weight status is a significant public health issue for developing countries, of which Ghana is not excluded. This study evaluated the prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight and its related factors among school-aged children and adolescents.

Methods
A total of 1004 participants were randomly selected from six schools. A structured questionnaire on demography and socioeconomic status of students’ parents/guardians was completed by the selected students. Anthropometric parameters were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. BMI-for-age z-scores were used to categorize anthropometric data of the children as underweight, normal, overweight or obese. A cut-off value of > 0.50 was used to define obesity by WHtR.

Results
Overweight prevalence of 13.8% and 12.6 was observed among basic school and high school students respectively based on BMI classification. Obesity prevalence of 8.8% was found in basic school students and 8.9% among high school students. Underweight was observed in 114 (11.3%) basic school students and 86 (8.6%) high school students. There was a difference in sex prevalence in unhealthy weight-behaviours; with more girls being overweight (19.4% vs 7.6%, p < 0.001) and obese (10.2% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.177) compared to boys. High WHtR found in 10.5% of basic students and 5.0% of high school students, with a statistical difference. Overweight/obesity was significantly associated with taking snacks before bed among basic school students [aOR = 10.45(5.95–18)] and high school students [aOR = 10.23(5.95–18.37)] respectively. Watching TV [aOR = 0.39(0.22–0.70)], sleeping during leisure periods [aOR = 0.43(0.23–0.81)] and bicycling as a means of transport [aOR = 0.37(0.19–0.72)] to school was protective of obesity among basic school students.

Conclusion
High prevalence of unhealthy weight-related behaviours was observed among school-aged children in the Bekwai Municipality. Snacking before bed was a major factor promoting obesity among school-aged children while leisure behaviours such as TV watching, and sleeping were protective of obesity. Therefore, it is recommended to promote and support healthy eating habits among school-aged children which are likely beneficial in reducing the risk of childhood unhealthy weight-related behaviours.
Air pollutants and outpatient visits for cardiovascular disease in a severe haze-fog city: Shijiazhuang, China
Authors: Tan Fengzhu , Wang Weijie , Qi Sufen , Kan Haidong , Yu Xinpei , Liu Yi , Wu Duanyang , Xu Bin , Meng Fan , Liu Sicen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Many studies have reported the impact of air pollution on cardiovascular disease (CVD), but few of these studies were conducted in severe haze-fog areas. The present study focuses on the impact of different air pollutant concentrations on daily CVD outpatient visits in a severe haze-fog city.

Methods
Data regarding daily air pollutants and outpatient visits for CVD in 2013 were collected, and the association between six pollutants and CVD outpatient visits was explored using the least squares mean (LSmeans) and logistic regression. Adjustments were made for days of the week, months, air temperature and relative humidity.

Results
The daily CVD outpatient visits for particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) in the 90th-quantile group were increased by 30.01, 29.42, 17.68, 14.98, 29.34%, and − 19.87%, respectively, compared to those in the <10th-quantile group. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the increase in daily CVD outpatient visits in PM10 300- and 500-μg/m3, PM2.5 100- and 300-μg/m3 and CO 3-mg/m3 groups were 2.538 (1.070–6.020), 7.781 (1.681–36.024), 3.298 (1.559–6.976), 8.72 (1.523–49.934), and 5.808 (1.016–33.217), respectively, and their corresponding attributable risk percentages (AR%) were 60.6, 87.15, 69.68, 88.53 and 82.78%, respectively. The strongest associations for PM10, PM2.5 and CO were found only in lag 0 and lag 1. The ORs for the increase in CVD outpatient visits per increase in different units of the six pollutants were also analysed.

Conclusions
All five air pollutants except O3 were positively associated with the increase in daily CVD outpatient visits in lag 0. The high concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and CO heightened not only the percentage but also the risk of increased daily CVD outpatient visits. PM10, PM2.5 and CO may be the main factors of CVD outpatient visits.
Isolating the impact of specific gambling activities and modes on problem gambling and psychological distress in internet gamblers
Authors: Gainsbury Sally M. , Angus Douglas J. , Blaszczynski Alex 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Gambling disorder is related to high overall gambling engagement; however specific activities and modalities are thought to have stronger relationships with gambling problems. This study aimed to isolate the relationship between specific gambling activities and modalities (Internet and venue/land-based) to gambling disorder and general psychological distress. Past-month Internet gamblers were the focus of this investigation because this modality may be associated with gambling disorders in a unique way that needs to be separated from overall gambling intensity.

Methods
Australians who had gambled online in the prior 30 days (N = 998, 57% male) were recruited through a market research company to complete an online survey measuring self-reported gambling participation, problem gambling severity, and psychological distress.

Results
When controlling for overall gambling frequency, problem gambling was significantly positively associated with the frequency of online and venue-based gambling using electronic gaming machines (EGMs) and venue-based sports betting. Psychological distress was uniquely associated with higher frequency of venue gambling using EGMs, sports betting, and casino card/table games.

Conclusions
This study advances our understanding of how specific gambling activities are associated with disordered gambling and psychological distress in users of Internet gambling services. Our results suggest that among Internet gamblers, online and land-based EGMs are strongly associated with gambling disorder severity. High overall gambling engagement is an important predictor of gambling-related harms, nonetheless, venue-based EGMs, sports betting and casinos warrant specific attention to address gambling-related harms and psychological distress among gamblers.
Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage associated with subsequent development of ANCA positivity and emphysema in three young adults
Authors: Stainer Anna , Rice Alex , Devaraj Anand , Barnett Joseph Luke , Donovan Jacqueline , Kokosi Maria , Nicholson Andrew Gordon , Cairns Tom , Wells Athol Umfrey , Renzoni Elisabetta Augusta 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) is characterized by the diffuse accumulation of red blood cells within the alveoli, presence of ground glass opacities and/or consolidation on computed tomography (CT). Aside from identifiable non-immune causes, DAH is classically subdivided into idiopathic (idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis, IPH) and autoimmune DAH. Here we describe three cases presenting with recurrent pulmonary haemorrhage, initially classified as IPH, who, several years after first presentation, develop anti myeloperoxidase antibodies (MPO) positivity, emphysema on CT and, in one case, renal involvement.

Case presentation
Patient 1 was diagnosed with IPH aged 14. Her disease remained poorly controlled despite immunosuppression, although ANCA remained negative over the years. Nineteen years from initial presentation, she developed MPO-ANCA positive antibodies and mild renal impairment. She was treated with Rituximab with good response. From first presentation, the chest CT was consistently characterized by diffuse ground-glass opacities and interlobular septal thickening. Ten years later, cystic opacities consistent with emphysema, with a striking peribronchovascular distribution, developed. Patient 2 was diagnosed with IPH aged 32. He was treated with corticosteroids and methotrexate, with fluctuating response. At 11 years from initial presentation, MPO-ANCA positivity was identified, and emphysema with a peribronchovascular distribution was observed on CT, with subsequent significant increase in extent. Patient 3 was diagnosed with IPH at the age of seven, and had recurrent episodes of haemoptysis of varying degree of severity, treated with intermittent courses of corticosteroids until age 11, when he was intubated due to severe DAH. Eight years after the diagnosis emphysematous changes were noted on CT and MPO-ANCA positivity developed for the first time 11 years after initial diagnosis.

Conclusions
We believe these three cases highlight: 1) the possibility of development of ANCA positivity several years down the line from first DAH presentation 2) the possibility that DAH may lead to cystic/emphysematous changes with peribronchovascular distribution on CT. Moreover, the need for ongoing immunosuppressive treatment and the development of emphysema, emphasize a possible role played by autoimmune phenomena, even when DAH is initially diagnosed as “idiopathic”. Further studies are required to better understand the relationship between DAH, ANCA positivity and development of emphysema.
Metallic versus biodegradable suture anchors for rotator cuff repair: a case control study
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Petrillo Stefano , Loppini Mattia , Candela Vincenzo , Rizzello Giacomo , Maffulli Nicola , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundsRepair of full-thickness rotator cuff (RC) tears is routinely performed using suture anchors, which produce secure and effective soft tissue fixation to bone. The aim of this prospective study is to compare the long-term outcomes of single row arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) performed using metal or biodegradable suture anchors. The null hypothesis is that there is no difference in shoulder function using metal or biodegradable suture anchors as evaluated by UCLA shoulder score, Wolfgang criteria, and Oxford shoulder score.MethodsArthroscopic RCR was performed in 110 patients included in this case control study. They were divided into 2 groups of 51 and 59 patients respectively. Metal suture anchors were used in group 1, and biodegradable suture anchors in group 2. Results were obtained at a mean follow up of 4.05 + 2 years. Clinical outcomes and functional outcomes were evaluated.ResultsThe mean modified UCLA shoulder score was 26.9 + 7.1 in group 1, and 27.7 + 6.5 in group 2 (P = 0.5); the mean Wolfgang score was 13.3 + 3.3 in group 1, and 14 + 2.6 in group 2 (P = 0.3); the mean OSS was 23.7 + 11.4 in group 1, and 20.7 + 9.2 points in group 2 (P = 0.1). The mean active anterior elevation was 163.5° + 28.2° in group 1 and 163.6° + 26.9 in group 2 (P = 0.9); the mean active external rotation was 46° + 19.7° in group 1 and 44.6° + 16.3° in group 2 (P = 0.7). The mean strength in anterior elevation was 4.8.02 + 23.52 N in group 1, and 43.12 + 17.64 N in group 2 (P = 0.2); the mean strength in external rotation was 48.02 + 22.54 N in group 1 and 46.06 + 17.64 N in group 2 (P = 0.6); the mean strength in internal rotation was 67.62 + 29.4 N in group 1, and 68.6 + 25.48 N in group 2 (P = 0.9).ConclusionsThere are no statistically significant differences at a mean follow-up of 4.05 + 2 years in clinical and functional outcomes of single row arthroscopic RCR using metallic or biodegradable suture anchors for RC < 5 cm.