bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working as a Wet Nurse: Was It More Than Just an Extra Income? A Case Study in Nineteenth-Century Rural Spain
Authors: Marco-Gracia Francisco J 
Published: December 2024

Summary
One of the largest groups of workers in hospitals historically has been external wet nurses. They are responsible for raising abandoned children during their early years of life. However, we know little about them, only what the records of foundling homes tell us. In this article, we have combined information from the foundling hospital in the city of Zaragoza, Spain, with parish records of all wet nurses from 16 rural municipalities in the province throughout the nineteenth century (170 women who took care of 215 foundlings). From the data, we have studied their family profile, reproductive success, and motivations for volunteering as wet nurses. Did they only do it for the necessary extra income? Our results indicate that wet nurses had greater reproductive success than their contemporaries, using the care of foundlings as a means to space out their own marital fertility.
Determining effective dietary and ruminal fermentation parameters on live weight gain in diets formulated with selected agro-industrial by-products and their validation in performance fattening lambs
Authors: Vaghar Seyedin Seyed Morteza , Mojtahedi Mohsen , Younesi Hossein Naeimipour , Vargas-Bello-Pérez Einar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary agro-industrial by-products (AIBP) with different amounts of metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) on fermentation (96 h) and gas production (GP) kinetics in vitro, as well as acceptability, animal performance, digestibility, and blood parameters in lambs. The gas production technique (GPT) and fermentation characteristics were used in an in vitro trial. This experiment used diets with ME contents of 6.28, 7.53, and 9.62 MJ/kg, as well as levels 120, 140, and 160 g/kg CP. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to select the most important dietary ingredient ruminal fermentation parameters. The in vitro results showed that increasing ME and CP content increased and decreased GP (P &lt; 0.05), respectively. An increase in CP content caused an increase in ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration (P &lt; 0.05) and an increase in ME caused a decrease in pH (P &lt; 0.05). PCA, by reducing the dimensions of the variables, shows that neutral detergent fiber (NDF), synchronization index (SI), and lignin as dietary parameters and pH and NH3 as fermentation quality parameters were the main variables in predicting LWG (P &lt; 0.05). Next, to prove the ineffectiveness of dietary protein content on LWG, the highest ME content (ME = 9.62 MJ/kg) was selected for in vivo experiment. For the in vivo trial, eighteen male lambs of 6-7 months of age and 30.6 ± 2.27 kg body weight were randomly fed on three diets containing 120, 140, and 160 g/kg CP and ME 9.62 MJ/kg. There was no effect of the experimental diets on acceptability, performance characteristics, or apparent digestibility in an in vivo trial (P &gt; 0.05). NH3-N concentration was affected by the varying content of CP (P &lt; 0.05). The results of this study indicate that Khorasan Kurdish lambs have a high potential for using AIBP in their diet. Additionally, lamb producers can prevent N wastage without worrying about the loss of animal performance by using 120 g/kg CP, which meets the animals’ needs and has beneficial environmental consequences.
In vitro effect of vitaminB12 on embyro growth by induction of hypoxia in culture
Authors: Patat Dilara , Nisari Mehtap , Ulger Harun , Ertekin Tolga , Dagli Ertugrul , Cayan Dicle , Al Ozge , Guler Hatice , Sengul Goksemin Fatma , Tastan Mustafa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this study, effects of vitaminB12 on embryonic development have been investigated by supplying vitaminB12 on a hypoxia-induced embryo culture. 9.5-day-old embryos from Wistar albino adult pregnant rats were used in our experimental set up.10 μM and 100 μM vitaminB12 were added to culture medium which is then exposed to in vitro hypoxia. Additionally, 11.5-day-old embryos and yolksacs were examined morphologically. Different vitaminB12 doses are compared within experimental groups. It was found that both control and experimental groups in 11.5-day-old embryos are at same developmental stage. It was also determined that oxygen deficiency influenced embryonic development and yolk sac vascularity in hypoxia group, are lagging behind in all experimental groups (P &lt; 0.05). However, the development of vitaminB12 embryos were similar to control group under normoxic conditions (P &gt; 0.05). It was also observed that development was compensated through supplement of vitaminB12 to hypoxia group (P &lt; 0.05). It was indicated that the development in H + 100 μM vitB12 groups was quite close to control group. However, development of H + 10 μM vitB12 embryos were in parallel with hypoxic group. Furthermore, H + 100 μM vitB12 group showed higher embryonic development than H + 10 μM vitB12 group (P &lt; 0.05).VitaminB12 treatment has been used to prevent intrauterine growth restriction which can be caused by many different pharmacological agents. However, nobody has investigated effects of vitaminB12 on hypoxia-induced early embryo growth retardation. In the light of our findings, administration of 100 μM vitaminB12 restores damage of embryonic development due to hypoxia and this application also increases embryonic vascularity and circulation. Thus, supplementation of vitaminB12 can be offered as a therapeutic approach towards cell death and diseases such as neurovascular and cardiovascular diseases and in the near future.
Impact of exposure to a mixture of organophosphate esters on the adrenal glands of Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Li Zixuan , Hales Barbara F , Robaire Bernard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
There is growing evidence that organophosphate esters (OPEs) can act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. However, only a few studies have assessed the effects of OPE exposure on one of the most important endocrine glands in the body, the adrenal gland. Our aim was to test the effects of a mixture of OPEs detected in Canadian house dust on adrenal function in Sprague Dawley rats. Adult male and female rats (n = 15 per treatment group) were administered either a vehicle or an OPE mixture (0.048, 1.6, or 48 mg/kg bw/d) for 70 to 72 d via their diet. With OPE exposure, adrenal glands from male adult rats were reduced in weight, whereas those of female rats showed an increase in weight. This led us to investigate whether OPEs induce sex-specific effects on adrenal gland function and the mechanisms involved. Serum levels of two adrenal hormones, aldosterone and corticosterone, were decreased only in male serum samples. Serum levels of renin and adrenocorticotropic hormone, which regulate aldosterone and corticosterone synthesis, respectively, were assessed. Exposure to the OPE mixture decreased renin levels only in males. Serum biochemistry analysis revealed that triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels were increased in males. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the top affected pathways in male adrenal glands from all three treatment groups were related to potassium channels, which play a role in regulating aldosterone and corticosterone levels. The most affected pathways in female adrenal glands were related to cholesterol biosynthesis and immune functions. These results show that an environmentally relevant mixture of OPEs affects adrenal function and that these effects are sex specific.
PFKFB3 protein in adipose tissue contributes to whole body glucose homeostasis
Authors: Griesel Beth A. , Olson Ann Louise 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAge‐dependent changes in adipose tissue are thought to play a role in development of insulin resistance. A major age‐dependent change in adipose tissue is the downregulation of key proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism. In the current study, we investigate the role of 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) a key governor of the rate of glycolysis in adipocytes via the synthesis of fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphate that was significantly downregulated in aged mice. We employed an adipocyte‐specific PFKFB3 mouse line to investigate the role of PFKFB3 on adipocyte function. In both aged mice and PFKFB3‐knockout mice, we observed an increase in O‐glcNAcylated proteins consistent with a shift in glucose metabolism toward the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. Under chow‐fed conditions, PFKFB3 knockout resulted in significantly smaller adipocyte area, but no difference in total fat mass. While glucose tolerance was unchanged under chow conditions, when mice were challenged with a 4 weeks high‐fat feeding, PFKFB3 deletion led to a greater decrease in glucose tolerance as well as a significant increase in macrophage infiltration. These results indicate that perturbation of the glycolytic pathway in adipose tissue has multiple effects of adipocyte biology and may play a significant role in metabolic changes associated with aging. Results of this student support the notion that changes in glucose metabolism in adipose tissue impact whole‐body metabolism.
Genetic and epigenetic factors shape phenotypes and outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus – focus on juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Charras Amandine , Hiraki Linda T. , Lewandowski Laura , Hedrich Christian M. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune/inflammatory disease. Patients with juvenile disease-onset and those of non-European ancestry are most severely affected. While the exact pathophysiology remains unknown, common and rare gene variants in the context of environmental exposure and epigenetic alterations are involved. This manuscript summarizes the current understanding of genetic and epigenetic contributors to SLE risk, manifestations and outcomes.

Recent findings
Though SLE is a mechanistically complex disease, we are beginning to understand the impact of rare and common gene variants on disease expression and associated outcomes. Recent trans-ancestral and multigenerational studies suggest that differential genetic and environmental impacts shape phenotypic variability between age-groups and ancestries. High genetic burden associates with young age at disease-onset, organ involvement, and severity. Additional epigenetic impact contributes to disease-onset and severity, including SLE-phenotypes caused by rare single gene variants. Studies aiming to identify predictors of organ involvement and disease outcomes promise future patient stratification towards individualized treatment and care.

Summary
An improved understanding of genetic variation and epigenetic marks explain phenotypic differences between age-groups and ancestries, promising their future exploitation for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic considerations.
Chatbots in Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Surgery: How Accurate Are the Responses?
Authors: Bafor Anirejuoritse , Strub Daryn , Kold Søren , Iobst Christopher A. , Tulchin-Francis Kirsten 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Artificial intelligence-based language model chatbots are being increasingly used as a quick reference for healthcare related information. In pediatric orthopaedics, studies have shown that a significant percentage of parents use online search engines to find out more about the health condition of their children. Several studies have investigated the accuracy of the responses generated from these chatbots. The accuracy of responses with these programs in limb lengthening and reconstruction surgery has not previously been determined. Our goal was to assess the response accuracy of 3 different chatbots (ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Microsoft Copilot) to questions related to limb reconstruction surgery.

Methods:
A list of 23 common questions related to limb reconstruction surgery was generated and posed to the 3 chatbots on 3 separate occasions. Responses were randomized and platform-blinded before rating by 3 orthopaedic surgeons. The 4-point rating system reported by Mika et al was used to grade all responses.

Results:
We found that ChatGPT had the best response accuracy score of all 3 chatbots while Microsoft Copilot had the worst score, and this finding was consistent among all 3 raters.

Conclusions:
Using the Response Accuracy Score, the responses from ChatGPT were determined to be satisfactory, requiring minimal clarification, while responses from Microsoft Copilot required moderate clarification.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—diagnostic.
Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics as Adjunctive Therapy in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Qureshi Zaheer , Jamil Abdur , Altaf Faryal , Siddique Rimsha 
Published: December 2024

Objectives:
The gut microbiome is crucial in influencing cancer progression and response to treatment. We evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotics and synbiotics in cancer treatment, focusing on the incidence of diarrhea, significant complications, surgical site infections, length of hospital stay, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Methods:
Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL up to June 2024. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model.

Results:
Fifteen studies involving 2197 participants were included. Probiotic use was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of diarrhea (OR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.15-1.00, P=0.049) with moderate heterogeneity (I
2=64%). No significant differences were found in major complications (OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.05-4.92, P=0.4053, I
2=73%), surgical site infections (OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.12-1.09, P=0.058, I
2=0%), length of hospital stay (SMD=−0.30, 95% CI: -1.00 to 0.41, P=0.2726, I
2=62%), PFS (HR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.03-10.82, P=0.2715, I
2=0%), or OS (HR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.00-58.82, P=0.3298, I
2=0%).

Conclusions:
Probiotics significantly reduced the incidence of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea, highlighting their potential as supportive care agents in oncology. However, their impact on significant complications, surgical site infections, length of hospital stay, and survival outcomes remains inconclusive.
A Rare Case With a Review of Cutaneous Composite Hemangioendothelioma and the Role of Neuroendocrine Markers
Authors: Sahu Ajit , Ayyanar Pavithra , Aparnna J.N. , Gunasekar Sudhakar , Mishra Pritinanda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Composite hemangioendothelioma comprises permutations of different histological patterns few of which have been found to have specific genetic alteration and immunohistochemical expression. It comprises retiform or epithelioid hemangioendothelioma-like areas, with a variable proportion of hemangioma or low-grade angiosarcoma-like areas. It was found to express neuroendocrine markers and was seen to have a worse prognosis in recurrence or distant metastasis. A 29-year-old woman presented with a lesion of 22 cm in size in her right leg. Biopsy and wide local excision showed features of composite hemangioendothelioma. This is a recurrent lesion after initial resection 2 years back, along with a cutaneous metastasis in the thigh. We report this rare case with a literature review, highlighting the importance of uncommon histomorphology and neuroendocrine marker expression in predicting local recurrence and cutaneous metastasis.
Postautologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Disseminated Hypopigmented Keratosis
Authors: Sripodok Supasan , Wu Nan-Lin , Wu Yu-Hung 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Disseminated hypopigmented keratosis is a rare distinct clinical entity. This report describes the case of a 19-year-old male patient who developed disseminated hypopigmented keratosis 2 months after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pineal choriocarcinoma. The patient displayed numerous tiny whitish or depigmented macules and papules on the chest, back, posterior neck, shoulders, arms, and thighs, closely resembling lichen nitidus. Microscopically, the lesion was orthokeratotic, acanthotic, and flat-bottomed without cytological atypia. Dermal inflammation was minimal. Fontana–Masson, Melan-A, and sex-determining region Y-box transcription factor 10 staining revealed a significant decrease in both basal melanin content and the number of melanocytes. The patient was initially administered a topical agent comprising hydrocortisone and urea, which exhibited minimal improvement. This case report suggests that disseminated hypopigmented keratosis may be a rare cutaneous manifestation of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Additional research is necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis and the clinical course of this disease.
Repeatability of Posterior Corneal Surface Measurements and Zernike Polynomials of Two Ocular Biometers With Single and Dual Scheimpflug Cameras in Keratoconus and Healthy Eyes
Authors: Bucur Julian , Kaiser Klemens Paul , Biller Marvin Lucas , Kohnen Thomas , Lwowski Christoph Martin 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
This study aims to evaluate the repeatability of posterior corneal surface and Zernike polynomial measurements of 2 different ocular biometers and Scheimpflug devices in keratoconus (KC) and healthy eyes.

Methods:
This is a prospective, comparative study performed at the Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany. Included were KC and healthy eyes. Two consecutive measurements of 1 eye per patient, taken with Galilei G6 (Ziemer, Switzerland) and Pentacam AXL (Oculus, Germany), were analyzed. Repeatability was evaluated for posterior keratometry (K1, K2 and Km), posterior astigmatism, and the following Zernike polynomials: Defocus, Astigmatism, Coma, Trefoil, Spherical Aberration, and root mean square (RMS) total.

Results:
Both devices showed good repeatability for many of the analyzed parameters with several interclass correlation (ICC) values of 0.96 or above. Regarding the Zernike polynomials, ICC values and the narrowness of the 95% limits of agreement varied in between the devices for each polynomial. In addition, the agreement between both devices was reduced for the Zernike analysis. The only comparable polynomials were Spherical Aberration with a high interdevice ICC of 0.955 and RMS total with a lower ICC of 0.591 (both in the KC group).

Conclusions:
Regarding the posterior measurements, Pentacam AXL showed higher repeatability in healthy eyes and Galilei G6 in KC eyes. For both devices, the intradevice repeatability was high for most Zernike polynomials. However, the interdevice comparability for Zernike polynomials was reduced to Spherical Aberration and RMS total, with Spherical Aberration showing higher agreement in KC eyes.
Genomic characteristics of a Streptococcus suis of ST353 resulting in severe endophthalmitis with bilateral deafness
Authors: Shen Liang , Tong Yanfei , Li Shichao , Chen Yuda , A Ruhan , Li Zhen , Wang Wenling , Yin Lijuan , Zou Jiuming , Sun Ziyong , Wu Changcheng , Tan Wenjie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) can be transmitted to humans through exposure to pigs or consumption of raw pork and causes serious diseases. Although infection through skin abrasions is considered an important route of transmission, few studies have reported skin injuries in patients during exposure or before infection. This study explored a rare instance of intraocular infection and bilateral deafness caused by S. suis and emphasized the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment to prevent disease progression.

Methods:
The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical symptoms, imaging, molecular detection, and isolated culture methods. Drug susceptibility testing was conducted to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing was used to identify the strain’s sequence type and serotype as well as the presence of pathogenicity islands (PAIs).

Results:
A patient with intraocular infection and bilateral deafness was diagnosed with an S. suis infection. The infection was hypothesized to result from interspecies transmission due to the patient’s occupation and recent skin damage. The isolated strain was sensitive to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, linezolid, levofloxacin, and meropenem. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the strain belonged to sequence type 353 and serotype 2, showing close similarity to strains isolated from wild boars in Chinese provinces. The strain lacked the 89 complete kb PAI but had a 33 kb PAI with high similarity, potentially indicating variable virulence.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the importance of employing multiple diagnostic strategies for the timely identification and treatment of S. suis infections. The presence of a potentially less virulent strain emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance and monitoring of emerging S. suis infections, particularly in Asian countries with high-risk populations associated with the pig farming industry.
Glaucoma Progression in Treatment-Naïve Patients With Normal Tension Glaucoma With Myopia—Role of Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Han Dong Kyun , Lee Eun Ji , Kim Tae-Woo 
Published: December 2024

Précis:
While myopia has been recognized as a positive prognostic factor for normal tension glaucoma (NTG) progression in the adult population, some myopic NTG eyes exhibited significant progression within 2 years when left untreated, even under low intraocular pressure (IOP).

Objective:
To determine the natural history and risk factors associated with progressive retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in previously stable, treatment-naïve, patients with NTG with myopia.

Methods:
This study included 111 myopic NTG eyes without IOP-lowering treatment for at least 1 year and without disease progression during the treatment-free period. The RNFL thickness was measured, and a visual field test was performed every 6–12 months for >2 years. Patients with progressive changes were classified as the P(+) group, whereas those without progression were classified as the P(–) group. Cox proportional hazards model assessed risk factors of progression, whereas linear regression determined factors associated with the rate of RNFL thinning.

Results:
Progressive change was observed in 25 of the 111 participants [P(+) group, 22.5%]. A family history of glaucoma, higher mean IOP, and maximum IOP during the follow-up were significant factors both for being in the P(+) group and for a faster RNFL thinning. None with a mean IOP <11 mm Hg were in the P(+) group. Davies test identified that 14.2 mm Hg was a significant breakpoint (P = 0.042), above which the rate of RNFL thinning increased significantly with the mean IOP (R
2 = 0.252, P = 0.034).

Conclusions:
Patients with myopic NTG untreated for IOP, especially those with a family history of glaucoma or higher IOP, are at increased risk of progression. Early treatment initiation is advised for high-risk patients with myopic NTG, even when their condition appears stable.