bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative assessment of dentine mineralization and tubule occlusion by NovaMin and stannous fluoride using serial block face scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Mahmoodi Behrad , Goggin Patricia , Fowler Christabel , Cook Richard B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDentine hypersensitivity (DH) is one of the most common dental conditions affecting most adults during their lifetime. Tubule occlusion is a widely accepted method for treating DH. Current in‐vitro techniques such as focused ion beam, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), or hydraulic conductance that are used to determine tubule occlusion do not provide the depth of occlusion, are time‐consuming, expensive and the volume of dentine tested is limited. The presented study aimed to assess the ability of serial block‐face SEM (SBF‐SEM) to section dentine, to quantify the number of occluded tubules including the depth of penetration by NovaMin and stannous fluoride (SnF2) and to compare mineral density between the control and treated dentine. Results demonstrated that NovaMin provided a better occlusion with 100% of the tubules blocked at the surface compared to 83% for SnF2. The grayscale value (230.42) was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) after treatment with NovaMin compared to SnF2 (222.06) and the control (196.37), indicating increased mineral density and dentine mineralization. SBF‐SEM has the potential to be used for large volume analysis of bone‐like materials at high resolution with minimal sample preparation over a short period. It can be significantly useful in the development and research of new biomaterials.
Bonding and metastability for Group 12 dications
Authors: Sadjadi SeyedAbdolreza , Matta Chérif F. , Hamilton Ian P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectronic structure and bonding properties of the Group 12 dications M22+(M = Zn, Cd, Hg) are investigated and electron density‐derived quantities are used to characterize the metastability of these species. Of particular interest are the complementary descriptions afforded by the Laplacian of the electron density∇2ρ(r)and the one‐electron Bohm quantum potential (Q= ) along the bond path. Further, properties derived from the pair density including the localization‐delocalization matrices (LDMs) and the interacting quantum atoms (IQA) energies are analyzed within the framework of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). From the crossing points of the singlet (ground) and triplet (excited) potential energy curves, the barriers for dissociation (BFD) are estimated to be 25.2 kcal/mol (1.09 eV) for Zn22+, 22.8 kcal/mol (0.99 eV) for Cd22+, and 26.4 kcal/mol (1.14 eV) for Hg22+. For comparison and benchmarking purposes, the case of N22+is considered as a texbook example of metastability. At the equilibrium geometries, LDMs, which are used here as an electronic fingerprinting tool, discriminate and group together Group 12 M22+from its isoelectronic Group 11 M2. While “classical” bonding indices are inconclusive in establishing regions of metastability in the bonding, it is shown that the one‐electron Bohm quantum potential is promising in this regard.
Structure, stability and bonding of the leapfrogB240,±1,±2
Authors: Muya Jules Tshishimbi , Isamura Bienfait Kabuyaya , Patouossa Issofa , Nguyen Minh Tho , Ceulemans Arnout 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo new structural motifs of the B24clusters are constructed by use of the leapfrog transformation. The resulting leapfrog B24has either a bowl shape with a square vacancy or a quasi‐planar 2D close‐packed triangular boron sheet. The neutral and ionic forms of the latter are found to be more stable than their homologous leapfrog bowl clusters, with the exception of the dicationic B24+2. While the leapfrog isomer is less stable than the tubular double ring in the neutral state, it becomes competitive in some ionic states. The nucleus independent chemical shift, electron localization function, ring current maps and the electronic structure of leapfrog B24clusters reveal them to behave as aromatics.
Randomized controlled trial of a brief online self‐compassion intervention for mothers of infants: Effects on mental health outcomes
Authors: Lennard Georgina R. , Mitchell Amy E. , Whittingham Koa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo test the effectiveness of a brief self‐compassion intervention in improving mental health outcomes for mothers of infants.MethodA randomized controlled trial study design was used. A community sample of mothers of infants (<2 years) completed measures of self‐compassion, fears of compassion, psychological flexibility, depression, anxiety, stress, symptoms of posttraumatic stress, and infant feeding experiences. Mothers randomized to intervention received access to online self‐compassion resources, and 248 mothers (intervention n = 94, waitlist‐control n = 154) completed postintervention assessment 8 weeks later.ResultsOverall, 62.8% (n = 59) of intervention participants accessed the resources per‐protocol, and lower fear of compassion scores predicted resource use. At postintervention, mothers who used the resources had improved scores for posttraumatic stress symptoms (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.31–5.47, p = .028), depression (95% CI = 0.15–2.01, p = .023), self‐compassionate action (95% CI = 0.41–3.45, p = .012), and engagement with compassion from others (95% CI = 0.22–5.49, p = .034) compared to waitlist‐control. Fears of compassion moderated intervention effectiveness. There were no effects on other outcome variables.ConclusionsFindings support the potential effectiveness of interventions based on compassion‐focused therapy to improve maternal mental health.
Respiratory quotient: Effects of fatty acid composition
Authors: Price Edwin R. , Mager Edward M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRespiratory quotient (RQ) is commonly used to infer which substrates are oxidized, with glucose yielding RQ = 1 and fat normally thought to yield an average of RQ = 0.71. Because fat depot compositions differ among species, we examined how the various common fatty acids affect RQ. RQs ranged from less than 0.7 (e.g., stearic acid) to greater than 0.76 (e.g., docosahexaenoic acid). Furthermore, we conducted a survey of the fatty acid composition of fuel lipids of several vertebrate taxa to determine how the RQ for lipid oxidation during fasting should vary among species. Our survey indicates that most fasting vertebrates from terrestrial ecosystems oxidizing fat should have RQs equaling approximately 0.71, as normally expected. However, some fasting animals in aquatic or marine systems—particularly fish—should have RQs as high as 0.73 when oxidizing only fat. Selective mobilization of fatty acids increased the lipid RQ, but probably by a negligible amount. We conclude that researchers should take habitat and taxon into account when choosing a value for lipid RQ, and preferably should use fatty acid composition for their study species to determine an appropriate RQ for lipids. In the absence of species‐specific fatty acid composition data, we suggest assuming a lipid RQ of 0.725 for cold‐water fish.
Early radiological response evaluation with response evaluation criteria in solid tumors 1.1 stratifies survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with lenvatinib
Authors: Kaneko Shun , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Yasui Yutaka , Inada Kento , Kirino Sakura , Yamashita Koji , Osawa Leona , Hayakawa Yuka , Sekiguchi Shuhei , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Tamaki Nobuharu , Takeguchi Takaya , Takeguchi Yuko , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Itakura Jun , Takahashi Yuka , Himeno Yoshiro , Kurosaki Masayuki , Izumi Namiki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimLenvatinib (LEN) has an antitumor effect with an early reduction in contrast enhancement for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to reveal the most useful radiological response evaluation for overall survival (OS) in patients treated with LEN.MethodsPatients receiving LEN therapy (n = 80) were retrospectively recruited from April 2018 to January 2020. Enhanced computed tomography scans were performed at baseline and every 4–8 weeks. OS and radiological response were evaluated using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST 1.1), modified RECIST (mRECIST), and Choi criteria. To be eligible for study, a minimal cumulative duration of LEN was 4 weeks. A total of 62 patients were included in the analysis.ResultsThe median OS was 469 days. The RECIST 1.1, mRECIST, and Choi criteria identified 14 (22.5%), 30 (48.3%), and 33 (53.2%) patients with an objective response, respectively. In the univariate analysis, Child–Pugh class B, major vascular invasion, and high alpha‐fetoprotein (>200) were statistically significant poor prognostic factors. Radiological response was a significantly better prognostic factor in each criterion (RECIST, mRECIST, and Choi). In the multivariate analysis, radiological response evaluated by RECIST (hazard ratio, 0.259; 95% confidence interval, 0.0723–0.928; P = 0.038) was an independent factor. Furthermore, only RECIST significantly stratified prognosis (P = 0.041) when limited to the first evaluation.ConclusionRECIST 1.1 was useful even as early therapeutic evaluation for HCC patients treated with LEN. Understanding the characteristics of radiological response over time may contribute to improving the prognosis of patients with HCC.
Minimal braces
Authors: Fabres Phelipe A. , Kothari Nishad , de Carvalho Marcelo H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMcCuaig proved a generation theorem for braces, and used it as the principal induction tool to obtain a structural characterization of Pfaffian braces. A brace is minimal if deleting any edge results in a graph that is not a brace. From McCuaig's brace generation theorem, we derive our main theorem that may be viewed as an induction tool for minimal braces. As an application, we prove that a minimal brace of order has size at most , when , and we provide a complete characterization of minimal braces that meet this upper bound. A similar work has already been done in the context of minimal bricks by Norine and Thomas wherein they deduce the main result from the brick generation theorem due to the same authors.
Why psychiatry might cooperate with religion: The Michigan Society of Pastoral Care, 1945–1968
Authors: Hirshbein Laura 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe early decades of the pastoral care movement were characterized by a remarkable collaboration with psychiatry. While historians of the religious aspects of this movement have noted the reliance of pastoral care on psychiatry and psychology, it has been less clear how and why mental health professionals elected to work with clergy. This paper uses the Michigan Society of Pastoral Care (MSPC), one of the early training programs for hospital chaplains on the model of the Boston‐based Institute for Pastoral Care, as a window to explore the interactions between psychiatry and religion at mid century. Raymond Waggoner, the nationally recognized and well‐connected chair of the psychiatry department at the University of Michigan, was instrumental in expanding the influential pastoral care program at his hospital and in his state as part of his bigger mission of emphasizing the fundamental role of psychiatry in American life. Waggoner played a key role within the MSPC, in conjunction with leaders within the medical departments of the major hospitals in the state. All of the members of the MSPC viewed psychiatry's insights as essential for pastoral care, with the caveat that chaplains should remain pupils, not practitioners of psychotherapy.
Behavioural profiles and offender characteristics: Typology based on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in homicide cases
Authors: Sea Jonghan , Beauregard Eric , Youngs Donna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study used cluster analysis in 126 homicide cases based on Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1999). PAI was implemented by 126 homicides and then dichotomously coded for the presence or absence of cut‐off PAI scale score in order to create criteria for analysis. These cases were input for the agglomerative hierarchical cluster using Ward's method as the clustering algorithm. The results of the analysis classified five clusters: “normal,” “antisocial,” “submissive‐depressive,” “soma‐anxiety” and “isolated.” The representative characteristics were explored and compared with five clusters. As a result, these five clusters significantly differed in various criminogenic variables, such as criminal record and imprisonment experience. But, other variables were not significantly discriminated.
Characterization of inulin‐type fructans from two species of Radix Codonopsis and their oxidative defense activation and prebiotic activities
Authors: Zou Yuan‐Feng , Zhang Yan‐Yun , Zhu Zhong‐Kai , Fu Yu‐Ping , Paulsen Berit S , Huang Chao , Feng Bin , Li Li‐Xia , Chen Xing‐Fu , Jia Ren‐Yong , Song Xu , He Chang‐Liang , Yin Li‐Zi , Ye Gang , Lv Cheng , Yin Zhong‐Qiong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCodonopsis pilosula and C. tangshen are both plants widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Polysaccharides, which are their primary active components, are thought to be important in their extensive use. In this study, two neutral polysaccharide fractions of C. pilosula (CPPN) and C. tangshen (CTPN) were obtained by fractionation on a DEAE–Sepharose column and characterized.RESULTSIt was confirmed that the neutral polymers CPPN and CTPN were β‐(2,1)‐linked inulin‐type fructans with non‐reducing terminal glucose, and degree of polymerization (DP) of 19.6 and 25.2, respectively. The antioxidant and prebiotic activities in vitro were assayed based on IPEC‐J2 cell lines and five strains of Lactobacillus. Results indicated that the effects of CPPN and CTPN were increased antioxidant defense in intestinal epithelial cells through enhanced cell viability, improved expression of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, and reduced levels of malondialdehyde and lactic dehydrogenase. The prebiotic activity of CPPN and CTPN was demonstrated by the promoting effect on Lactobacillus proliferation in vitro. The different biological activities obtained between the two fractions are probably due to the different DP and thus molecular weights of CPPN and CTPN.CONCLUSIONThe inulin fractions from C. pilosula and C. tangshen were natural sources of potential intestinal antioxidants as well as prebiotics, which will be valuable in further studies and new applications of inulin‐containing health products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Combined effects of quercetin and sodium chloride concentrations on wheat gliadin structure and physicochemical properties
Authors: Wang Qiming , Tang Yuwan , Yang Yaxuan , Lei Lin , Zhao Jichun , Zhang Yuhao , Li Lin , Wang Qiang , Ming Jian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolyphenols may interact with protein via covalent bonds and non‐covalent interactions, improving the structures and functional properties of the protein. The cross‐linking between the polyphenol and protein is susceptible to salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) concentrations. Our study investigated the combined effects of quercetin (Q) and NaCl concentrations on wheat gliadin (G) structure and physicochemical properties.RESULTSQ and NaCl addition resulted in a more compact protein microstructure. The improved foaming and emulsifying properties indicated that the modified G might be potent as a novel surface‐active agent. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that Q protected the thermal stability from destruction at 50 and 200 mmol L−1 NaCl concentrations, with narrower protein denaturation peaks. Fourier transform infrared and the Raman spectral analyses showed the secondary structural and microenvironmental changes of G. NaCl addition imparted a rearrangement of hydrogen bonds in the polypeptide chain and the disorder of protein structure, whereas Q enhanced the transition from β‐sheets and random coils to α‐helices and β‐turns, forming a more ordered structure. Moreover, the interaction between G and Q resulted in significant disulfide bridges conformational rearrangements in the protein.CONCLUSIONThe results showed the benefits of natural food additives in food processing, which might have potential in improving the structure and physicochemical properties of protein‐based foods. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of l‐theanine in tea water using fluorescence‐visualized paper‐based sensors based on CdTe quantum dots/corn carbon dots and nano‐porphyrin with chemometrics
Authors: Chen Hengye , Wei Liuna , Guo Xiaoming , Hai Chengying , Xu Lu , Zhang Lei , Lan Wei , Zhou Chunsong , She Yuanbin , Fu Haiyan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe quality of tea is influenced by numerous factors, especially l‐theanine, which is one of the important markers used to evaluate the sweetness and freshness of tea. Sensitive, rapid, and accurate detection of l‐theanine is therefore useful to identify the grade and quality of tea.RESULTSA high‐sensitivity, paper‐based fluorescent sensor combined with chemometrics was established to detect l‐theanine in tea water based on CdTe quantum dots / corn carbon dots and nano tetra pyridel‐porphine zinc (ZnTPyP). To verify the reliability of this method, fluorescence spectra and fluorescence‐visualized paper‐based sensors were compared. The fluorescence spectrum method demonstrated a linear range of 1 to 10 000 nmol L−1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.19 nmol L−1. In the fluorescence‐visualized paper‐based sensors there was a linear range of 10–1000 nmol L−1, and the LOD was 10 nmol L−1. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR) were used successfully to determine l‐theanine accurately in tea water with this approach. The accuracy of the PLSDA model was 100% both in the training set and the predicting set, and the correlation coefficient between the actual concentration and the predicted concentration was greater than 0.9997 in the PLSR model.CONCLUSIONThis fluorescence‐visualized paper‐based sensor, combined with chemometrics, could be applied efficiently to the practical analysis of tea water samples, which provides a new idea to ensure the flavor and quality of tea. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Synergistic effects of UVA irradiation and phlorotannin extracts of Laminaria japonica on properties of grass carp myofibrillar protein gel
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Jiang Di , Sun Yihan , Gu Yue , Ming Yu , Zheng Jie , Yu Chenxu , Chen Xing , Qi Hang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOxidized phlorotannin can be used as a protein crosslinking agent to produce high‐quality fish gel products. Phlorotannin can be easily induced to form quinone compounds in an oxidizing environment, while o‐quinone has been proven to be a reactive, electrophilic intermediate that easily reacts with proteins to form rigid molecular crosslinking networks. The objective of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation (1 h, 15 W m−2) and various concentrations of Laminaria japonica phlorotannin extracts (PTE) on the gel properties of grass carp myofibrillar protein (MP).RESULTSUVA treatment and PTE could synergistically improve the MP gel properties more than PTE alone (P < 0.05). At 625 mmol kg−1 MP PTE alone, the gel strength and cooking yield reached 3.10 ± 0.16 g cm and 47.45 ± 0.35%, respectively, while with the same level of PTE plus UVA they became 4.26 ± 0.19 g cm and 53.89 ± 1.54%, respectively. The three‐dimensional network structure of the gel (with PTE + UVA) showed higher connectivity and tightness than that of the control group (no treatment).CONCLUSIONSThe synergistic effects of PTE and UVA could effectively induce crosslinking of grass carp MP, which could lead to an improvement of MP gel quality. These findings would provide a new technical approach to produce high‐quality protein gel products in the fish processing industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Total alkalinity production in a mangrove ecosystem reveals an overlooked Blue Carbon component
Authors: Saderne Vincent , Fusi Marco , Thomson Timothy , Dunne Aislinn , Mahmud Fatima , Roth Florian , Carvalho Susana , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMangroves have the capacity to sequester organic carbon (Corg) in their sediments permanently. However, the carbon budget of mangroves is also affected by the total alkalinity (TA) budget. Principally, TA emitted from carbonate sediment dissolution is a perennial sink of atmospheric CO2. The assessment of the TA budget of mangrove carbonate sediments in the Red Sea revealed a large TA emission of 403 ± 17 mmol m−2 d−1, independent of light, seasons, or the presence of pneumatophores, compared to −36 ± 10 mmol m−2 d−1 in lagoon sediment. We estimate the TA emission from carbonate dissolution in Red Sea mangroves supported a CO2 uptake of 345 ± 15 gC m−2 yr−1, 23‐fold the Corg burial rate of 15 gC m−2 yr−1. The focus on Corg burial in sediments may substantially underestimate the role of mangroves in CO2 removal. Quantifying the role of mangroves in climate change mitigation requires carbonate dissolution to be included in assessments.
High temperature flow behavior and constitutive model of alloy transition layer in composite steel tube prepared by centrifugal self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS)
Authors: Wang S.‐z. , Liang Y. , Wei S.‐c. , Guo Y.‐f. , Xu B.‐s. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCentrifugal self‐propagation high‐temperature synthesis (SHS) is a newly developed composite preparation technique by which a ceramic‐alloy‐carbon steel multilayer composite tube can be prepared. The hot deformation behaviors of the alloy steel layer at 800 °C–1000 °C, strain rates of 0.01 s−1, 0.1 s−1, 1.0 s−1 and 10 s−1 were studied by Gleeble‐1500 thermal simulator. Rheological curve characteristics were analyzed under different thermal compression processes and a phenomenological hyperbolic sinusoidal Arrhenius constitutive equation was established to characterize the rheological mechanics of the material. The results show that the alloy steel is sensitive to temperature and strain rate, and its value of true stress decreases with the increase of temperature and strain rate. Thermal deformation process is the interaction between work hardening and dynamic softening, which is accompanied by the increase and extinction of dislocations. Under the strain rate of 10 s−1, the stress‐strain curve has a significant decrease when the strain exceeds 0.5. According to the observation of microstructure, this phenomenon can be attributed to the micro‐crack generated by the local instability flow in the denatured zone. With the strain rate decreases, the softening mechanism of the alloy changes from dynamic recovery to dynamic recrystallization. The calculation results of the Arrhenius constitutive equation (AARE = 6.54 %, R = 0.99452) indicate that the model can predict the flow stress of the alloy accurately.