bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution and Displacement to Design of Patient Lifting Equipment
Authors: Sakunsongbunsiri M. , Keangin P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The patients with stroke, especially hemiplegia and paraplegia cases, need to be transferred whether from bed to wheelchair or wheelchair to bed and be transferred whether from wheelchair or bed to car or car to a wheelchair or bed while the patient is admitted to the hospital or stay at home. The accuracy of movement handling is required to be in accordance with the principles of physiology in order to increase the safety of patient moving. The utilization of patient lifting equipment will improve patient handling more efficiently for both patients and staff during health care. Patient-lifting equipment is absolutely helpful in lifting patient movement. The study on the analysis of stress distribution as well as the displacement of the device in the analysis of strength in the structure design is rarely found because of computer program limitations. For appropriate usage in each situation, it is important to apply a comprehensive understanding of principles of strength analysis to design patient-lifting equipment. The objective of the proposed research is to design a spreader bar of the patient lift equipment to support use for transferring from a wheelchair or bed to car or car to a wheelchair or bed. The details regarding concept design and analysing the strength of the structure is solved by finite element method (FEM) with a three-dimensional model. The simulated results obtained from the computational solution are investigated and validated against those obtained from the analytical solution. The study focuses attention on the effects of different angles of the spreader bar on the stress distribution and displacement at various points. It is found that the change in the angle adjustment of the spreader bar directly affects the change in the stress distribution, as well as displacement. The maximum stress distribution, as well as maximum displacement, are reduced when the degree increases. The obtained results can be a helpful information to use as the guideline to design a spreader bar of the patient- lifting equipment to transfer patients suitably under each situation.
The Conception of an Autonomous Traveling Manual Wheelchair and a Study on its Localization
Authors: Tobita K , Shikanai Y , Murata T 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In a care facility, it is one of the factors that the burden of a caregiver is increasing by guiding many cared persons in a wheelchair before and after a meal. Although many autonomous electric wheelchairs have been researched and developed, it is not reasonable to introduce them for the entire care receivers in a nursing home from the viewpoint of cost, time and trouble of maintenance. We are developing a detachable robot that makes a manual wheelchair run autonomously. This paper describes the basic concept, target specifications and design conditions of the experimental machines and feasibility study about the localization by using the optical flow sensor. In the future, we will proceed with the implementation of the autonomous driving function.
Effect of Chemical Solution on Tensile Strength of Bamboo Fiber
Authors: Kaima Jerachard , Preechawuttipong Itthichai , Jongchansitto Pawarut , Charoenloe Nattaphat 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of a chemical solution on the tensile strength of the bamboo fiber. The bamboo woods were cut into the size of small pieces 60 mm x 5 mm x 1 mm. Seven solutions were used in this work which is distilled water (control conditions), ASH and NaOH solution with concentrations of 20%, 10%, and 5% by weight. The bamboo pieces were soaked in the solution with 11 different soaking times except soaking in distilled water for 5 different soaking times. After that processed bamboo pieces were washed and dried at room temperature for 1 week. They were separated by hand to get processed bamboo fiber with cross-section size between 0.06-0.27 mm2. For all specimen, more than 5 pieces of processed bamboo fibre were tested following to ASTM D3039. The results show that the cross-section area in rang 0.06-0.27 mm2 from raw materials have similar tensile strength with 290 MPa [1]. The higher concentration of NaOH, the lower value of the tensile strength which decreases and reach below 100 MPa for 20% NaOH solution. For ASH solution, the values of the tensile strength as the function of soaking time are the same inclination with the different concentration. The tensile strength of processed bamboo fibres is pretty splattered between 200-400 MPa for the soaking time less than 48 hours. While tensile strengths have the range between 275-300 MPa for the soaking time more than 48 hours. Because some fungus grew on bamboo fibre surface soaked in distilled water, the tensile strength of processed bamboo fibres soaked in 20% ash solution is greater 100 MPa than the tensile strength of bamboo fiber soaked in distilled water for the soaking time more than 120 hours.
In situ observation on the failure behavior of ZrO2-resin-dentin bonding interface with prefabricated indentation defects
Authors: Ma Zhichao , Zhang Hongzhao , Liu Dongni , Zhao Hongwei , Feng Yan , Ren Luquan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Interfacial cracking and fracture of restorative materials are major obstacles to realize effective dental restoration. Especially, the bonding failure of compound interfaces consisting of dentin, resin and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) ceramic, exhibit complexity, variability and unpredictability due to the complicated loading type and oral environment. By using a self-developed miniaturized horizontal device integrating with thermostatic artificial saliva, an approximate oral environment was established to investigate the failure mechanism of ZrO2-resin-dentin compound interfaces. Through real-time in situ observation of shearing deformation behaviors of the dentin-resin and resin-ZrO2 interfaces, the continuous propagation processes of cracks nucleating from the interfacial intersection line or dentin’s interior were analyzed in detail. The discontinuous cracking behaviors revealed the prior crack of resin-ZrO2 interface, which attributed to the acid etching of dentin and significant gradients in Young’s modulus and hardness compared with the corresponding parameters of dentin-resin interface. The significant interfacial differences in mechanical properties promoted the crack nucleation and induced the bonding failure. A widest crack with a width of 1.4 μm inside the dentin was also observed from the fractured ZrO2-resin-dentin specimen. This paper focused on the discontinuous interfacial cracking behaviors and bonding failure mechanisms of ZrO2-resin-dentin specimen, which would be beneficial to the research of novel composite resins and the improvement of bonding processes.
Distribution (function) of relaxation times, successor to complex nonlinear least squares analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy?
Authors: Boukamp Bernard A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and complex nonlinear least squares (CNLS) analysis with an equivalent circuit (EqC) has been the standard research tool in Solid State Electrochemistry for many decades. With an ever increasing interest in the development of energy related materials with complex structures, the impedance spectra are becoming too complex for a simple CNLS-analysis. Inversion of the data from the frequency domain to a distribution function of relaxation times (DFRT), i.e. the τ-domain, has shown to present a better separation and visualization of the underlying electrochemical processes. These are presented by peaks with characteristic time constants that are associated with the separate processes. Hence, the interest in EIS-analysis with inversion to a DFRT has rapidly gained attention over the last decennia. In this contribution a brief review of the applications and limitations of the DFRT procedure is presented. Some examples from the field of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and Li-ion based battery research are discussed. When possible a comparison is made between the exact DFRT (derived from known DFRT expressions) and three inversion methods: Fourier Transform (FT), Tikhonov Regularization and a recently developed multi-(RQ) CNLS-fit: ‘m(RQ)fit’. It is shown that the three differently derived DFRT’s can differ significantly, while the impedances reconstructed from the DFRT with the inverse process show a quite good match with the original data.
X-ray absorption fine structure measurements on Ru–Zn/ZSM-5 during heterogeneous catalysis using an in situ spectroscopic cell
Authors: Liu Lijia , He Peng , Xia Yujian , Song Hua , Chang Lo-Yueh , Chen Jeng-Lung , Pao Chih-Wen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We introduce a design of a portable, multi-functional spectroscopic cell for in situ structural probe of materials using hard x-rays. This versatile reaction cell allows x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and x-ray diffraction measurements in transmission mode on solids at a controlled temperature, pressure, and gas environment. A model heterogeneous catalysis system, co-aromatization of octane with methane catalyzed by Ru–Zn/ZSM-5, was employed to demonstrate the performance of the spectroscopic cell. Quick XAFS measurement at the Ru K-edge was performed during the catalyst activation and catalysis reaction. The chemical reduction of Ru from RuO2 to metallic-like Ru is found to occur rapidly once the temperature is above a threshold, and the reduction is completed in ∼75 s. Prolonged heating during catalysis reaction at constant operating temperature has a minimum effect on the electronic structure of the Ru species.
Searching for metal-insulator transition in Fibonacci quasicrystals by distribution analysis of electronic wavefunction participation ratios
Authors: Alfonsi Jessica 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Preliminary computational data are presented related to shape changes in the distribution of participation ratios of electronic wavefunctions from 1D and 2D Fibonacci quasicrystals. They suggest a likely connection between a distorsion-induced metal-insulator transition and the golden number spanning the word sequence underlying the quasiperiodicity of these systems.
A 3-day course of 1 mg/kg versus 2 mg/kg bodyweight prednisolone for 1- to 5-year-old children with acute moderate exacerbation of asthma: a randomized double-blind noninferiority trial
Authors: Buddala Pavan Kumar , Chandrasekaran Venkatesh , Harichandrakumar K T 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Even though the guidelines on the management of preschool asthma recommend early use of corticosteroids for acute moderate-to-severe exacerbations, considerable variation exists with regard to type and dose of steroids.

Objectives
To compare the clinical outcomes and side effect profile between 1 mg/kg/day and 2 mg/kg/day of oral prednisolone when administered for 3 days in preschool children with acute moderate asthma exacerbations.

Study Design and Setting
Randomized double-blind noninferiority trial was done in the paediatric emergency of a teaching hospital.

Patients, Interventions, and Outcomes
A total of 128 children aged 1 to 5 years who presented to the paediatric emergency with acute moderate exacerbation of asthma were enrolled. They were randomized into two groups. One group received 1 mg/kg/day and the other 2 mg/kg/day of oral prednisolone for 3 days. Severity of asthma exacerbation was measured by Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM) score. The PRAM scores, wheeze recurrence, and side effect profile were compared and analyzed between the two groups.

Results
The difference in the PRAM scores at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after intervention between the two groups was statistically insignificant. Need for escalation of therapy, salbutamol nebulization, time for resolution of symptoms, and recurrence of wheeze were similar between the two groups. Vomiting was significantly less frequent in low-dose group with a relative risk of 0.19 to 0.99 compared to high-dose prednisolone.

Conclusion
Prednisolone at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day was not inferior to 2 mg/kg/day in terms of clinical improvement and recurrence of wheeze within 1 week and has less frequent vomiting compared to higher dose.
One Tap at a Time: Correlating Sensorimotor Synchronization with Brain Signatures of Temporal Processing
Authors: D’Andrea-Penna Gina M , Iversen John R , Chiba Andrea A , Khalil Alexander K , Minces Victor H 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ability to integrate our perceptions across sensory modalities and across time, to execute and coordinate movements, and to adapt to a changing environment rests on temporal processing. Timing is essential for basic daily tasks, such as walking, social interaction, speech and language comprehension, and attention. Impaired temporal processing may contribute to various disorders, from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia to Parkinson’s disease and dementia. The foundational importance of timing ability has yet to be fully understood; and popular tasks used to investigate behavioral timing ability, such as sensorimotor synchronization (SMS), engage a variety of processes in addition to the neural processing of time. The present study utilizes SMS in conjunction with a separate passive listening task that manipulates temporal expectancy while recording electroencephalographic data. Participants display a larger N1-P2 evoked potential complex to unexpected beats relative to temporally predictable beats, a differential we call the timing response index (TRI). The TRI correlates with performance on the SMS task: better synchronizers show a larger brain response to unexpected beats. The TRI, derived from the perceptually driven N1-P2 complex, disentangles the perceptual and motor components inherent in SMS and thus may serve as a neural marker of a more general temporal processing.
Neural and Behavioral Evidence for Frequency-Selective Context Effects in Rhythm Processing in Humans
Authors: Lenc Tomas , Keller Peter E , Varlet Manuel , Nozaradan Sylvie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
When listening to music, people often perceive and move along with a periodic meter. However, the dynamics of mapping between meter perception and the acoustic cues to meter periodicities in the sensory input remain largely unknown. To capture these dynamics, we recorded the electroencephalography while nonmusician and musician participants listened to nonrepeating rhythmic sequences, where acoustic cues to meter frequencies either gradually decreased (from regular to degraded) or increased (from degraded to regular). The results revealed greater neural activity selectively elicited at meter frequencies when the sequence gradually changed from regular to degraded compared with the opposite. Importantly, this effect was unlikely to arise from overall gain, or low-level auditory processing, as revealed by physiological modeling. Moreover, the context effect was more pronounced in nonmusicians, who also demonstrated facilitated sensory-motor synchronization with the meter for sequences that started as regular. In contrast, musicians showed weaker effects of recent context in their neural responses and robust ability to move along with the meter irrespective of stimulus degradation. Together, our results demonstrate that brain activity elicited by rhythm does not only reflect passive tracking of stimulus features, but represents continuous integration of sensory input with recent context.
The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome on Corneal Endothelial Cell Preservation in an Oxidative Injury Model
Authors: Rabiee Behnam , Bheri Abdullah , Farooq Asim V. , Yazdanpanah Ghasem , Jabbehdari Sayena , Ghassemi Mahmood , Djalilian Ali R. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To describe a reproducible oxidative injury model in ex vivo porcine corneas and to investigate the effects of corneal mesenchymal stem cell (Co-MSC) secretome and specific factors on the preservation of corneal endothelium after oxidative injury.

Methods:
Porcine corneas underwent vital staining with trypan blue and alizarin red with different concentration and time points. Ex vivo porcine corneas were exposed (endothelial side) to varied concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. After injury, 3 groups of 5 corneas underwent treatment with secretome from either a wild-type (WT) murine Co-MSC, a pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) knock out (K/O) murine Co-MSC, or basal media for 4 hours at 37°C. The viability of the endothelium was evaluated using the optimized vital staining protocol.

Results:
The optimal vital staining was achieved with 0.4% trypan blue for 60 seconds and 0.5% alizarin red for 90 seconds. The optimal oxidative injury (for consistency and level of damage) was obtained with 1% hydrogen peroxide for 15 seconds. Treatment with both WT Co-MSC and PEDF K/O Co-MSC secretome significantly reduced the endothelial damage compared with control (17.2% ± 10.0%, 33.5% ± 11.6%, and 68% ± 17%, respectively, P < 0.01). The WT Co-MSC secretome was significantly more effective compared with PEDF K/O Co-MSC secretome (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
A reproducible model of vital staining and oxidative injury is described for studying porcine corneal endothelial survival. Our results demonstrate a beneficial role of a corneal MSC secretome in reducing oxidative damage to the corneal endothelium. In addition, it suggests a potential role for PEDF in this process.
Best techniques for endoscopic ampullectomy
Authors: Klair Jagpal S. , Irani Shayan , Kozarek Richard 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
Endoscopic ampullectomy has proven its safety and efficacy in multiple studies, making it the favorable option for the management of endoscopic ampullectomy. In this review, we plan to review the basic steps every endoscopist should be familiar with before undertaking endoscopic ampullectomy.

Recent findings
In this review, we plan to discuss the indications, preresection evaluation process including endoscopic ultrasound, endoscopic ampullectomy techniques with side-viewing endoscope and endoscopist experience/comfort with the management of the endoscopic ampullectomy complications.

Summary
Things of utmost interest include reviewing all the ampullary biopsy specimens by an expert gastrointestinal pathologist, careful preresection staging, en bloc resection, familiarity with tools and techniques of endoscopic ampullectomy, postresection adverse events & management and postprocedure surveillance.
Breath testing for the diagnosis of pancreatic disease
Authors: Dominguez-Muñoz J. Enrique 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
Pancreatic function tests are mainly used for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in patients with pancreatic diseases or after pancreatic or gastric surgery. Breath tests evaluate not just pancreatic secretion but the digestion capacity of the pancreas. These tests are good candidates for the diagnosis of EPI as they are noninvasive, accurate and easy to apply to clinical practice.

Recent findings
The 13C-labelled mixed triglyceride (MTG) breath test has been optimized and validated against adequate reference methods for the diagnosis of EPI in patients with chronic pancreatitis and for the evaluation of the efficacy of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). In addition, reported 13C-MTG breath test results in patients with other pancreatic diseases and after pancreatic and gastric surgery support the accuracy and clinical applicability of this test. The evidence of pancreatic function breath tests with other 13C-labelled substrates is limited.

Summary
Increasing evidence supports the accuracy and clinical usefulness of the 13C-MTG breath test for the diagnosis of EPI and the evaluation of the efficacy of PERT in different clinical conditions. Commercial availability of this test is required for a wide clinical use. The use of optimized and validated breath test protocols is mandatory.
Precision medicine for pancreatic diseases
Authors: Shelton Celeste A. , Whitcomb David C. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
We describe and contrast the strengths of precision medicine with Western medicine, and complex trait genetics with Mendelian genetics. Classic genetics focuses on highly penetrant pathogenic variants in a single gene believed to cause or confer a high risk for well-defined phenotypes. However, a minority of disorders have a single gene cause. Further, even individuals with identical Mendelian disease-associated genotypes may exhibit substantial phenotypic variability indicative of genetic and environmental modifiers. Still, most diseases are considered complex traits (or complex diseases).

Recent findings
New insights into the genetic underpinnings of complex traits provide opportunities for advances in diagnosis and management. Precision medicine provides the framework for integrating complex trait knowledge into clinical care through a sophisticated analysis pipeline. Multidimensional modeling of acquired diseases includes multiple genetic risks scattered over many genes and gene regulators that must be interpreted on the basis of functional evidence (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics) with structured models and expert systems; strengthened with machine learning and artificial intelligence. The choice of genotyping approaches (shotgun sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism chips, targeted panels) is discussed.

Summary
The result of a good precision medicine tool is clinical-decision support and guidance to tackle complex disorders such as pancreatitis, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer oncogenesis.
Robotics in flexible endoscopy: current status and future prospects
Authors: Seeliger Barbara , Swanström Lee L. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
Advanced endoscopy procedures are technically challenging and require extensive training. Recent technological advances made in computer science and robotics have the potential to enhance the performance of complex intraluminal and transluminal interventions and potentially optimize precision and safety. This review covers the different technologies used for robot-assisted interventions in the gastrointestinal tract, organized according to their clinical availability, and focusing on flexible endoscopy-based systems.

Recent findings
In the curvilinear gastrointestinal anatomy, robotic technology can enhance flexible endoscopes to augment effectiveness, safety, and therapeutic capabilities, particularly for complex intraluminal and transluminal interventions. Increased visual angles, increased degrees of freedom of instrumentation, optimized navigation, and locomotion, which may lead to a reduced physician learning curve and workload, are promising achievements with the promise to ultimately replace conventional endoscopy techniques for screening and therapeutic endoscopy.

Summary
The majority of these devices are not commercially available yet. The best clinical applications are also currently being researched. Nonetheless, robotic assistance may encourage surgeons to use flexible endoscopes to administer surgical therapies and increase interest among gastroenterologists in advanced therapies. Robotics may be a means to overcome the technical obstacles of incisionless natural orifice procedures and favor an increased adoption of complex endoscopic procedures such as third-space therapies.