bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The International/Canadian Hereditary Angioedema Guideline
Authors: Betschel Stephen , Badiou Jacquie , Binkley Karen , Borici-Mazi Rozita , Hébert Jacques , Kanani Amin , Keith Paul , Lacuesta Gina , Waserman Susan , Yang Bill , Aygören-Pürsün Emel , Bernstein Jonathan , Bork Konrad , Caballero Teresa , Cicardi Marco , Craig Timothy , Farkas Henriette , Grumach Anete , Katelaris Connie , Longhurst Hilary , Riedl Marc , Zuraw Bruce , Berger Magdelena , Boursiquot Jean-Nicolas , Boysen Henrik , Castaldo Anthony , Chapdelaine Hugo , Connors Lori , Fu Lisa , Goodyear Dawn , Haynes Alison , Kamra Palinder , Kim Harold , Lang-Robertson Kelly , Leith Eric , McCusker Christine , Moote Bill , O’Keefe Andrew , Othman Ibraheem , Poon Man-Chiu , Ritchie Bruce , St-Pierre Charles , Stark Donald , Tsai Ellie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis is an update to the 2014 Canadian Hereditary Angioedema Guideline with an expanded scope to include the management of hereditary angioedema (HAE) patients worldwide. It is a collaboration of Canadian and international HAE experts and patient groups led by the Canadian Hereditary Angioedema Network. The objective of this guideline is to provide evidence-based recommendations, using the GRADE system, for the management of patients with HAE. This includes the treatment of attacks, short-term prophylaxis, long-term prophylaxis, and recommendations for self-administration, individualized therapy, quality of life, and comprehensive care. New to the 2019 version of this guideline are sections covering the diagnosis and recommended therapies for acute treatment in HAE patients with normal C1-INH, as well as sections on pregnant and paediatric patients, patient associations and an HAE registry. Hereditary angioedema results in random and often unpredictable attacks of painful swelling typically affecting the extremities, bowel mucosa, genitals, face and upper airway. Attacks are associated with significant functional impairment, decreased health-related quality of life, and mortality in the case of laryngeal attacks. Caring for patients with HAE can be challenging due to the complexity of this disease. The care of patients with HAE in Canada, as in many countries, continues to be neither optimal nor uniform. It lags behind some other countries where there are more organized models for HAE management, and greater availability of additional licensed therapeutic options. It is anticipated that providing this guideline to caregivers, policy makers, patients, and advocates will not only optimize the management of HAE, but also promote the importance of individualized care. The primary target users of this guideline are healthcare providers who are managing patients with HAE. Other healthcare providers who may use this guideline are emergency and intensive care physicians, primary care physicians, gastroenterologists, dentists, otolaryngologists, paediatricians, and gynaecologists who will encounter patients with HAE and need to be aware of this condition. Hospital administrators, insurers and policy makers may also find this guideline helpful.
Putative stem cells in the hemolymph and in the intestinal submucosa of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata
Authors: Jiménez-Merino Juan , Santos de Abreu Isadora , Hiebert Laurel S. , Allodi Silvana , Tiozzo Stefano , De Barros Cintia M. , Brown Federico D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn various ascidian species, circulating stem cells have been documented to be involved in asexual reproduction and whole-body regeneration. Studies of these cell population(s) are mainly restricted to colonial species. Here, we investigate the occurrence of circulating stem cells in the solitaryStyela plicata,a member of the Styelidae, a family with at least two independent origins of coloniality.ResultsUsing flow cytometry, we characterized a population of circulating putative stem cells (CPSCs) inS. plicataand determined two gates likely enriched with CPSCs based on morphology and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. We found an ALDH + cell population with low granularity, suggesting a stem-like state. In an attempt to uncover putative CPSCs niches inS.plicata, we performed a histological survey for hemoblast-like cells, followed by immunohistochemistry with stem cell and proliferation markers. The intestinal submucosa (IS) showed high cellular proliferation levels and high frequency of undifferentiated cells and histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed the presence of hemoblast aggregations in the IS suggesting a possible niche. Finally, we document the first ontogenetic appearance of distinct metamorphic circulatory mesenchyme cells, which precedes the emergence of juvenile hemocytes.ConclusionsWe find CPSCs in the hemolymph of the solitary ascidianStyela plicata, presumably involved in the regenerative capacity of this species. The presence of proliferating and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells suggests IS as a possible niche.
Identifying the homology of the short human pisiform and its lost ossification center
Authors: Kjosness Kelsey M. , Reno Philip L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
The pisiform and calcaneus are paralogous bones of the wrist and ankle and are the only carpal and tarsal, respectively, to develop from two ossification centers with an associated growth plate in mammals. Human pisiforms and calcanei have undergone drastic evolutionary changes since our last common ancestor with chimpanzees and bonobos. The human pisiform is truncated and has lost an ossification center with the associated growth plate, while the human calcaneus has expanded and retained two ossification centers and a growth plate. Mammalian pisiforms represent a wide range of morphologies but extremely short pisiforms are rare and ossification center loss is even rarer. This raises the question of whether the sole human pisiform ossification center is homologous to the primary center or the secondary center of other species. We performed an ontogenetic study of pisiform and calcaneus ossification patterns and timing in macaques, apes, and humans (n = 907) from museum skeletal collections to address this question.

Results
Human pisiforms ossify irregularly and lack characteristic features of other primates while they develop. Pisiform primary and secondary center ossification timing typically matches that of the calcaneus of non-human primates, while the human pisiform corresponds with calcaneal secondary center ossification. Finally, human pisiforms ossify at the same dental stages as pisiform and calcaneal secondary centers in other hominoids.

Conclusions
These data indicate that the human pisiform is homologous to the pisiform epiphysis of other species, and that humans have lost a primary ossification center and associated growth plate while retaining ossification timing of the secondary center. This represents an exceptional evolutionary event and demonstrates a profound developmental change in the human wrist that is unusual not only among primates, but among mammals.
Four types of scrapie in goats differentiated from each other and bovine spongiform encephalopathy by biochemical methods
Authors: Langeveld Jan P. M. , Pirisinu Laura , Jacobs Jorg G. , Mazza Maria , Lantier Isabelle , Simon Stéphanie , Andréoletti Olivier , Acin Cristina , Esposito Elena , Fast Christine , Groschup Martin , Goldmann Wilfred , Spiropoulos John , Sklaviadis Theodoros , Lantier Frederic , Ekateriniadou Loukia , Papasavva-Stylianou Penelope , van Keulen Lucien J. M. , Acutis Pier-Luigi , Agrimi Umberto , Bossers Alex , Nonno Romolo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractScrapie in goats has been known since 1942, the archetype of prion diseases in which only prion protein (PrP) in misfolded state (PrPSc) acts as infectious agent with fatal consequence. Emergence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) with its zoonotic behaviour and detection in goats enhanced fears that its source was located in small ruminants. However, in goats knowledge on prion strain typing is limited. A European-wide study is presented concerning the biochemical phenotypes of the protease resistant fraction of PrPSc (PrPres) in over thirty brain isolates from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) affected goats collected in seven countries. Three different scrapie forms were found: classical scrapie (CS), Nor98/atypical scrapie and one case of CH1641 scrapie. In addition, CS was found in two variants—CS-1 and CS-2 (mainly Italy)—which differed in proteolytic resistance of the PrPresN-terminus. Suitable PrPres markers for discriminating CH1641 from BSE (C-type) appeared to be glycoprofile pattern, presence of two triplets instead of one, and structural (in)stability of its core amino acid region. None of the samples exhibited BSE like features. BSE and these four scrapie types, of which CS-2 is new, can be recognized in goats with combinations of a set of nine biochemical parameters.
The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among African asylum seeking children residing in Tel Aviv
Authors: Koren Gideon , Ross Lielle , Zwang Oren , Benari Orel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt has been the impression of pediatricians at the Terem Clinic for African asylum seekers in Tel Aviv that they encounter large numbers of anemic children.The objectives of this study were 1) to quantify the prevalence of anemia among African African asylum seeking children treated in the Terem Clinic for refugees in Tel Aviv; 2) to compare it to the rates among Jewish Israeli children; 3) and to correlate it with their nutritional iron intake. Overall, this effort aims at informing changes in policies and practices that will ensure healthy development of African asylum seeking children in Israel.MethodsThe prevalence of anemia was calculated for all toddlers and children under the age of twelve years visiting the refugee clinic and compared to the recently reported rates of anemia among urban Jewish Israeli children of similar ages; Nutritional iron intake was calculated in a subgroup by a food frequency questionnaire translated to Amharic and Tigrinya.ResultsMean age of the children (SD) was 2.96 yr. (SD 2.77) and mean hemoglobin 10.88 g/dl (1.47). Out of 386 eligible children, 131(34%) were anemic, fourfold more prevalent than reported among 263 Jewish toddlers and young children of the same age group [(11%), OR 4.15(95% ci 2.67–6.43)].In a subgroup (n = 26) investigated for amount of daily iron intake, 46.2% did not receive the recommended daily allowance for their age. Nine of them had received iron supplements.ConclusionsLow hemoglobin levels are four-fold more prevalent among the African asylum seeking children. The dietary data suggest iron deficiency as a major cause, although other etiologies need to be ruled out. Because of the adverse long term impact of early anemia on child development, new policies need to be developed to ensure that refugee children develop in a healthy manner. These should include routine mandatory supplements of iron for all refugee children, in parallel to developing an educational program for parents how to achieve iron-sufficient diets for their children. Further research is needed to guide public health action for these children.
Infrared pupillometry to help predict neurological outcome for patients achieving return of spontaneous circulation following cardiac arrest: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Monk Alex , Patil Shashank 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite advances in resuscitation care, mortality rates following cardiac arrest (CA) remain high. Between one-quarter (in-hospital CA) and two-thirds (out of hospital CA) of patients admitted comatose to intensive care die of neurological injury. Neuroprognostication determines an informed and timely withdrawal of life sustaining treatment (WLST), sparing the patient unnecessary suffering, alleviating family distress and allowing a more utilitarian use of resources. The latest Resuscitation Council UK (2015) guidance on post-resuscitation care provides the current multi-modal neuroprognostication strategy to predict neurological outcome. Its modalities include neurological examination, neurophysiological tests, biomarkers and radiology. Despite each of the current strategy’s predictive modalities exhibiting limitations, meta-analyses show that three, namely PLR (pupillary light reflex), CR (corneal reflex) and N20 SSEP (somatosensory-evoked potential), accurately predict poor neurological outcome with low false positive rates. However, the quality of evidence is low, reducing confidence in the strategy’s results. While infrared pupillometry (IRP) is not currently used as a prognostication modality, it can provide a quantitative and objective measure of pupillary size and PLR, giving a definitive view of the second and third cranial nerve activity, a predictor of neurological outcome.MethodsThe proposed study will test the hypothesis, “in those patients who remain comatose following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after CA, IRP can be used early to help predict poor neurological outcome”. A comprehensive review of the evidence using a PRISMA-P (2015) compliant methodology will be underpinned by systematic searching of electronic databases and the two authors selecting and screening eligible studies using the Cochrane data extraction and assessment template. Randomised controlled trials and retrospective and prospective studies will be included, and the quality and strength of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.DiscussionIRP requires rudimentary skill and is objective and repeatable. As a clinical prognostication modality, it may be utilised early, when the strategy’s other modalities are not recommended. Corroboration in the evidence would promote early use of IRP and a reduction in ICU bed days.Systematic review registrationPROSPEROCRD42018118180
Self-rated health and smoking among physicians and general population with higher education in Estonia: results from cross-sectional studies in 2002 and 2014
Authors: Pärna Kersti , Ringmets Inge , Siida Sävelin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPoor self-rated health (SRH) and smoking have consistently been shown to be related to mortality. The aim of this study was to explore SRH and smoking among physicians and general population with higher education in Estonia in 2002 and 2014 and to analyse the association of SRH with smoking and sociodemographic factors.MethodsThis study was based on cross-sectional postal surveys among physicians and general population with higher education in Estonia n in 2002 and 2014. Calculation of age-standardized prevalence of SRH and current smoking with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was performed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to measure association between SRH (at-least-good vs less-than good) and smoking status, study year, age group, ethnicity, and marital status. Fully adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI were computed.ResultsAge-standardized prevalence of at-least-good SRH was 71.3 and 80.6% among male physicians, 68.4 and 83.1% among female physicians, 45.4 and 67.4% among men with higher education, and 44.7 and 63.1% among women with higher education in 2002 and 2014, respectively. Age-standardized prevalence of current smoking was 26.0 and 15.6% among male physicians, 10.2 and 5.9% among female physicians, 38.7 and 22.2% among men with higher education, and 20.9 and 16.4% among women with higher education in 2002 and 2014, respectively. There was no significant gender difference in at-least-good SRH, but prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher among men in both study groups in 2002 and 2014. Compared to year 2002, odds to have at-least-good SRH was higher in 2014 (OR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.16–2.31 among male and OR = 2.36; 95% CI 2.02–2.75 among female physicians, OR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.07–2.07 among men and OR = 2.40; 95% CI 1.84–3.13). Odds to have at-least-good SRH was significantly higher among non-smokers (except female physicians), in the youngest age group, and among Estonians.ConclusionsThis study gave an overview of differences in SRH and smoking between two target groups with higher education in two timepoints highlighting the importance of addressing smoking cessation counselling and health promotion campaigns in the population by different subgroups in Estonia.
Spatio-temporal variation of zooplankton community structure in tropical urban waterbodies along trophic and urban gradients
Authors: Abd. Razak Siti Balqis , Sharip Zati 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe ecological impacts of urbanization and eutrophication on zooplankton communities in urban waterbodies have recently gained wide interest. Study findings vary across species and urban waterbodies. How the development of such changes affects the variation of biotic assemblages has only been explored to a limited extent in tropical urban lakes.Spatial and temporal variations of zooplankton community structure in 11 urban waterbodies in the Klang Valley, Malaysia were investigated along trophic and urbanization gradients. Zooplankton and water quality samples were collected three times, between May and November 2017, from two different locations in each lake. All three main zooplankton groups (rotifera, copepoda, and cladocera) were recorded from the study areas throughout the sampling period. The zooplankton community structure, particularly with regard to rotifers and cladocerans, varied between lakes and seasons. Zooplankton diversity does not vary with lake size or distance from the city center but does vary with shoreline development index and urbanization impacts. The zooplankton populations were dominated by rotifers, mainly Brachionus angularis at all study sites during the study period followed by copepods and cladocerans. The total density of zooplankton was significantly highest (p < 0.05) in the hypereutrophic lakes and during the dry season. Zooplankton diversity and rotifer species richness were negatively correlated with total phosphorus (TP). Diversity increased with urbanization and shoreline development, with rotifers as a potential bioindicator of trophic state in urban tropical lakes, due to their close relationship with TP.
Facial esthetic outcome of functional followed by fixed orthodontic treatment of class II division 1 patients
Authors: Zouloumi Mary-Eleni , Tsiouli Kleopatra , Psomiadis Simeon , Kolokitha Olga-Elpis , Topouzelis Nikolaos , Gkantidis Nikolaos 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the perceived facial changes in class II division 1, convex profile patients treated with functional followed by fixed orthodontic appliances.

Subjects and methods
The study sample consisted of 36 pairs of pre- and post-treatment photographs (frontal and profile, at rest) of 12 patients treated with activator, 12 with twin-block, and 12 controls with normal profiles, treated without functional appliances. All photographs were presented in pairs to 10 orthodontists, 10 patients, 10 parents, and 10 laypersons. Visual analog scale (VAS) ratings of changes in facial appearance were assessed.

Results
The patient groups were similar in sex distributions, age, and treatment duration. The different rater groups showed strong to excellent agreement. There were no significant differences among treatment groups (F = 0.91; P = 0.526; Wilks lambda = 0.93), raters (F = 1.68; P = 0.054; Wilks lambda = 0.83), and when testing the combined effect of treatment and rater on the results (F = 0.72; P = 0.866; Wilks lambda = 0.85). The raters detected slightly more positive changes in the activator and twin-block groups, compared to the control group, regarding the lower face and the lips, but these findings did not reach significance. Furthermore, their magnitude hardly exceeded 1/20th of the total VAS length.

Limitations
Retrospective study design.

Conclusions
The perceived facial changes of convex profile patients treated with functional, followed by fixed orthodontic appliances, did not differ from those observed in normal profile patients, when full-face frontal and profile photos were simultaneously assessed. Consequently, professionals should be skeptical regarding the improvement of a patient’s facial appearance when this treatment option is used.
Gramicidin inhibits human gastric cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle and induced apoptosis
Authors: Chen Tingting , Wang Yong , Yang Yang , Yu Kaikai , Cao Xiangliao , Su Fang , Xu Huanbai , Peng Yongde , Hu Yudong , Qian Feng , Wang Zishu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, which seriously affects human health. Gramicidin is a short peptide antibiotic which could be used for treating infection induced by bacteria or fungi. However, the anti-cancer effect of gramicidin on gastric cancer cells and its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.

Results
Gastric cancer cells SGC-7901, BGC-823 and normal gastric mucosal cells GES-1 were treated with different concentrations of gramicidin respectively. The results of CCK-8 experiment revealed cellular toxicity of gramicidin to cancer cells while cell colony formation assay showed that gramicidin significantly inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, but had little effect on normal gastric mucosal cells. In addition, the wound healing assay showed that gramicidin inhibited the migration of SGC-7901 cell. Meanwhile, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis revealed that gramicidin induced cell apoptosis with G2/M cell cycle inhibition. Furthermore, western blot analysis demonstrated that gramicidin down-regulated the expression of cyclinD1 and Bcl-2 as well as the FoxO1 phosphorylation.

Conclusions
The current study illustrated the anti-tumor activity of gramicidin on gastric cancer cells, providing a possibility for gramicidin to be applied in clinical practice for the treatment of gastric cancer.