bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased drug resistance of bladder cancer using phytochemicals treatment
Authors: Cho Chun‐Jung , Yu Cheng‐Ping , Wu Chia‐Lun , Ho Jar‐Yi , Yang Ching‐Wei , Yu Dah‐Shyong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study is to investigate the ability of phytochemicals to overcome the multiple drug resistance (MDR) of bladder cancer. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic sensitivity of T24‐GCB cells, a GCB resistant cell line, to different phytochemicals, including capsaicin, quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol, and their combination with gemcitabine. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of membranous ABCC2 and metabolic proteins, DCK, TK1, and TK2 in tumor cells. Animal models were used to confirm the treatment efficacy of phytochemicals in combination with gemcitabine to bladder cancer. The observed/expected ratio of cytotoxicity analysis revealed that capsaicin has synergistic effect with gemcitabine to T24‐GCB cells in a dose‐dependent pattern. Quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol have additive effect with gemcitabine to T24‐GCB cells. Capsaicin and quercetin alone and combination with gemcitabine decreased the expression of ABCC2 and DCK and TKs, in T24‐GCB cells. On the contrary, resveratrol and curcumin alone and combination with gemcitabine increased the expression of ABCC2 but decreased cytoplasmic kinases simultaneously. In xenografted subcutaneous tumor model on nude mice, combination treatment of capsaicin and gemcitabine demonstrated the highest tumor suppression effect when compared to capsaicin or gemcitabine treatment alone. The MDR of bladder cancer is closely related to membranous ABCC2, cytoplasmic DCK, and TKs expression. Capsaicin owns the strongest synergistic cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine to T24‐GCB cells. This combination regimen may provide as an adjunctive treatment for overcoming MDR in bladder cancer.
miR‐885‐5p inhibits proliferation and metastasis by targeting IGF2BP1 and GALNT3 in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Lixin Sun , Wei Sun , Haibin Song , Qingfu Lang , Tiemin Pei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) continues to increase worldwide, however its molecular pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Recent studies have implicated microRNAs in iCCA progression. In this study, we demonstrated that miR‐885‐5p was significantly decreased in iCCA tissues. Downregulation of miR‐885‐5p was correlated with vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, unfavorable overall survival, and shorter disease‐free survival. Silencing or overexpressing miR‐885‐5p by lentiviral approaches significantly influenced iCCA cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, overexpression of miR‐885‐5p inhibited iCCA metastasis and proliferation by directly inhibiting GALNT3 as well as by indirectly promoting the downregulation of insulin‐like growth factor‐2 mRNA‐binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1). Furthermore, miR‐885‐5p inhibited iCCA metastasis by downregulating the PI3K/AKT/MMPs signaling pathway via targeting GALNT3. Collectively, we demonstrated that miR‐885‐5p was an important mediator of iCCA proliferation and metastasis by regulating GALNT3 and IGF2BP1, thus offering a potential target for iCCA treatment.
Pilot Evaluation of a Pragmatic Network for Integrated Care and Self‐Management in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Mestre Tiago A. , Kessler Dorothy , Côté Diane , Liddy Clare , Thavorn Kednapa , Taljaard Monica , Grimes David 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that challenges care provision. A multidisciplinary care model needs to be impactful, feasible, and viable economically for widespread utilization. Supportive evidence is lacking.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation and impact of a pragmatic network for PD care, the Integrated Parkinson Care Network (IPCN).MethodsA 6‐month, pre–post design, single‐center, phase 2 study for complex interventions for patients with newly diagnosed (<1 year) and advanced (diagnosis >8 years) PD was used to assess a patient‐centered care model based on integrated care, self‐management support, and technology‐enabled care. We comprehensively assessed the implementation of care paths, change in selected health and care quality outcomes after the Integrated Parkinson Care Network program, and costs analyses.ResultsWe recruited 100 participants in 6 months. Overall, the top care priorities were speech and communication (33.7%), anxiety and depression (31.6%), and mobility, balance, and falls (29.6%), and the most commonly (>45%) used resources were speech‐language pathology, community seniors services, and physiotherapy. Care priorities were met successfully in 90.6% of the cases, and there was a positive change in the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire–8 (2.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.4–5.0; statistically significant in the advanced group), the perception of support for chronic care (Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Case score, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.9–1.4), and self‐management (5As score, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–1.4). The total cost of the Integrated Parkinson Care Network was C$1367 per patient.ConclusionsA pragmatic development of a care delivery network based on integrated care and self‐management support is promising for its feasibility, impact, and a sustainable cost. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Development of an Integrated Framework for Multiscale, Multiphase Modeling of Industrial Slurry‐Phase Reactors for Polyethylene Production
Authors: Zhou Yi , Alizadeh Arash , Liu Boping , Soares João B. P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA framework based on the Monte Carlo/random‐pore polymeric flow model is proposed to simulate both single‐particle and continuous slurry reactor industrial polymerizations. The Sanchez–Lacombe equation of state describes the distributions of components in the different phases of these systems. The developed process model is applied to describe heterogeneously catalyzed polymerizations of ethylene in n‐hexane diluent with or without 1‐hexene as a comonomer, but the proposed methodology is applicable to any ethylene/1‐olefin copolymerization in slurry reactors. In addition to the effects of catalyst particle size and reactor residence time distributions, the proposed hybrid model is used to investigate the impact of several catalyst characteristics under different process conditions on polymer yield and microstructure. Particular attention is paid to the catalyst fragmentation process and active center distribution through the particle. These simulations demonstrate the versatility and thoroughness of combining Monte Carlo simulation with single‐particle models to analyze and predict the behavior of commercial polyolefin reactors.
Will detrusor acontractility recover after medical or surgical treatment? A longitudinal long‐term urodynamic follow‐up
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Fu , Peng Chung‐Hsin , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsPatients with urinary retention due to detrusor acontractility (DA) might regain voiding efficiency (VE) after treatment. This study investigated the long‐term outcomes and predictors of recovery following treatment.MethodsA total of 32 patients with DA were retrospectively identified and enrolled. DA was defined by Pdet.Qmax = 0 cmH2O and postvoid residual (PVR) > 300 ml determined through videourodynamic study (VUDS). All patients received medical or surgical treatment and were followed up for at least 3 months, during which repeat VUDS was conducted. Detrusor contractility recovery was confirmed when patients were able to void with a Pdet.Qmax ≥ 10 cmH2O after treatment.ResultsOur patients comprised 22 women and 10 men (mean age, 73.2 ± 9.7 years; mean follow‐up duration, 1.6 ± 1.8 [0.3–7.4] years). Follow‐up VUDS revealed that 14 (43.9%) patients recovered from detrusor contractility, with five patients recovering within 1 year and nine after 1 year. Pdet.Qmax, voided volume, PVR, maximum flow rate, and VE significantly improved in both the recovery and nonrecovery groups. The recovery group had significantly better VE (p = .039) and significantly lower bladder compliance (74.2 ± 83.2 vs. 119 ± 82.6; p = .007) than the nonrecovery group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed an optimum bladder compliance cutoff value of <80 ml/cmH2O for predicting detrusor contractility recovery with an area under the ROC curve of 0.780.ConclusionsAmong the included patients with DA, 43.9% had detrusor contractility recovery after treatment, with bladder compliance of <80 ml/cmH2O predicting bladder function recovery.
A robust affinity chromatography system based on ceramic monoliths coated with poly(amino acid)‐based polymeric constructs
Authors: Santiago Javier Sánchez , Cerro Ramón L , Scholz Carmen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTraditional chromatographic separation systems are disadvantaged by low flow rates, a high pressure drop across the column, low capacity and poor reusability. Searching for more efficient separation systems we introduced the use of a ceramic monolith as robust support in bioseparations. A coating consisting of l‐asparagine as ligand, poly(l‐lysine) as spacer arm and a commercial poly(ethylene acrylic acid) film forming copolymer network (Michem 4983‐40R) was developed as a coating for these ceramic monoliths. Poly(l‐lysine) was synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐trifluoroacetyl‐l‐lysine N‐carboxyanhydride and coupled to a commercial film‐forming poly(ethylene acrylic acid) network. This construct was then ‘decorated’ with l‐asparagine via the terminal amino functional groups of poly(L‐lysine) and coated onto the ceramic monolith to selectively bind l‐asparaginase. Adsorption/elution experiments showed reversible binding between l‐asparagine and l‐asparaginase, and the subsequent release of l‐asparaginase, and between 83% and 94% of the active enzyme was recovered by elution with d‐asparagine and NaCl solutions. The functional activity of the eluted l‐asparaginase was verified by a Nessler's assay. While traditional separation processes (adsorption and elution) using gel bead packings take many hours, the ceramic monolith system achieves the same of level of separation in about 1 h. This new system served as a proof of concept for its application in protein separation and purification. This work paves the way to a better understanding of the use of ceramic monoliths as stationary phase coated with a stable polymer construct for more robust and efficient supports in affinity chromatography. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Genetic data inform Yosemite National Park's apple orchard management guidelines
Authors: Volk Gayle M. , Magby Jonathan , Henk Adam , Miller Steven , Mazur Rachel 
Published: October 2020

Societal Impact StatementYosemite National Park, California, USA has hundreds of apple trees in orchards that were planted in the 1800s by local settlers. These orchards played a cultural role in the early history of the land that was to become a national park. Most of Yosemite’s orchards are well over one hundred years old and have reached the end of their lifespan. Genetic data has facilitated the assignment of cultivar names to historic apple trees within Yosemite and this information will be used to develop an Orchard Management Plan. Yosemite will use this Plan to balance orchard conservation with other necessities such as reducing human‐wildlife conflict from bears that enter developed areas to consume fruit from the trees.Summary

Yosemite National Park, California, USA has hundreds of historic apple trees that were planted within orchards in the 1800s, prior to the establishment of the park. These apple trees have been a concern within Yosemite for decades because their fruit attracts bears and other wildlife into visitor recreation areas, causing undesirable wildlife–human interactions.

Herein, 361 of Yosemite's apple trees were genotyped to determine cultivar identities. The cultivar names of 117 apple trees were identified by matching genotypic data with genetic data available for an apple cultivar reference dataset for the United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS) National Plant Germplasm System as well as collections maintained by other sources.

An additional 92 trees were determined to be likely cultivars because they matched genotypes in a reference set of trees whose identities are not known. A total of 152 trees had unique genotypes that did not match reference datasets.

Cultivar information, made possible by having digital genetic information available, will allow for the preparation of a more comprehensive Orchard Management Plan. As such, park managers will be able use the Plan to more effectively make decisions about balancing orchard conservation with other park necessities, including eliminating the human–wildlife conflict that results from bears entering developed areas to feed on the fruit trees.
The Hodge Numbers of Divisors of Calabi‐Yau Threefold Hypersurfaces
Authors: Braun Andreas P. , Long Cody , McAllister Liam , Stillman Michael , Sung Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe prove a formula for the Hodge numbers of square‐free divisors of Calabi‐Yau threefold hypersurfaces in toric varieties. Euclidean branes wrapping divisors affect the vacuum structure of Calabi‐Yau compactifications of type IIB string theory, M‐theory, and F‐theory. Determining the nonperturbative couplings due to Euclidean branes on a divisor D requires counting fermion zero modes, which depend on the Hodge numbers . Suppose that X is a smooth Calabi‐Yau threefold hypersurface in a toric variety V, and let D be the restriction to X of a square‐free divisor of V. We give a formula for in terms of combinatorial data. Moreover, we construct a CW complex such that . We describe an efficient algorithm that makes possible for the first time the computation of sheaf cohomology for such divisors at large h1, 1. As an illustration we compute the Hodge numbers of a class of divisors in a threefold with . Our results are a step toward a systematic computation of Euclidean brane superpotentials in Calabi‐Yau hypersurfaces.
Practical dynamic reconstruction of control flow graphs
Authors: Rimsa Andrei , Nelson Amaral José , Pereira Fernando M. Q. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe automatic recovery of a program's high‐level representation from its binary version is a well‐studied problem in programming languages. However, most of the solutions to this problem are based on purely static approaches: techniques such as dataflow analyses or type inference are used to convert the bytes that constitute the executable code back into a control flow graph (CFG). This article departs from such a modus operandi to show that a dynamic analysis can be effective and useful, both as a standalone technique, and as a way to enhance the precision of static approaches. The experimental results provide evidence that completeness, that is, the ability to conclude that the entire CFG has been discovered, is achievable on many functions that are part of industry‐strong benchmarks. Experiments also indicate that dynamic information greatly enhances the ability of DynInst, a state‐of‐the‐art binary reconstructor, to deal with code stripped of debugging information. These results were obtained with CFGgrind, a new implementation of a dynamic code reconstructor, built on top of Valgrind. When applied to cBench, CFGgrind is 9% faster than callgrind, Valgrind's tool used to track targets of function calls; and 7% faster in Spec Cpu2017. CFGgrind recovers the complete CFG of 40% of all the procedures invoked during the standard execution of programs in Spec Cpu2017, and 37% in cBench. When combined with CFGgrind, DynInst finds 15% more CFGs for cBench, and 7% more CFGs for Spec Cpu2017. Finally, CFGgrind is more than 7 times faster than DCFG, a CFG reconstructor from Intel, and 1.30 times faster than bfTrace, a CFG reconstructor used in research. CFGgrind is also more precise than these two tools, handling operating system signals, shared code in functions, and unaligned instructions; besides supporting multithreaded programs, exact profiling and incremental refinements.
Plumb: Efficient stream processing of multi‐user pipelines
Authors: Qadeer Abdul , Heidemann John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOperational services run 24×7 and require analytics pipelines to evaluate performance. In mature services such as domain name system (DNS), these pipelines often grow to many stages developed by multiple, loosely coupled teams. Such pipelines pose two problems: first, computation and data storage may be duplicated across components developed by different groups, wasting resources. Second, processing can be skewed, with structural skew occurring when different pipeline stages need different amounts of resources, and computational skew occurring when a block of input data requires increased resources. Duplication and structural skew both decrease efficiency, increasing cost, latency, or both. Computational skew can cause pipeline failure or deadlock when resource consumption balloons; we have seen cases where pessimal traffic increases CPU requirements 6‐fold. Detecting duplication is challenging when components from multiple teams evolve independently and require fault isolation. Skew management is hard due to dynamic workloads coupled with the conflicting goals of both minimizing latency and maximizing utilization. We propose Plumb, a framework to abstract stream processing as large‐block streaming (LBS) for a multi‐stage, multi‐user workflow. Plumb users express analytics as a DAG of processing modules, allowing Plumb to integrate and optimize workflows from multiple users. Many real‐world applications map to the LBS abstraction. Plumb detects and eliminates duplicate computation and storage, and it detects and addresses both structural and computational skew by tracking computation across the pipeline. We exercise Plumb using the analytics pipeline for B‐Root DNS. We compare Plumb to a hand‐tuned system, cutting latency to one‐third the original, and requiring 39% fewer container hours, while supporting more flexible, multi‐user analytics and providing greater robustness to DDoS‐driven demands.
Probabilistic modeling of leakage through tension‐cracked reinforced concrete water retaining structures considering autogenous self‐sealing
Authors: Way Andrew C. , Viljoen Celeste 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe beneficial effect of the autogenous self‐sealing of cracks has been relied upon implicitly in the design of concrete water retaining structures for many years. The degree to which it can be relied upon to retard leakage through cracks in water retaining structures has, to date, not been quantified in probabilistic terms. Previous research identified the crack width as a critical parameter in the autogenous self‐sealing of flow through cracks in tension‐cracked, reinforced concrete. In this research, two experimental databases are collected and compiled, and are used to probabilistically model the prediction of initial flow through, and the subsequent leakage through tension cracks considering the effects of self‐sealing. The total leakage is characterized as a function of crack width range, identifying the notable effect of increasing crack width on increased leakage duration and magnitude. This research is a first step toward quantifying the achieved SLS reliability for water retaining structures.
Acid‐Acid‐Catalyzed Tandem Reactions Driven by an Additive‐Like Component
Authors: Chen Shaomin , Bai Rongxian , Li Minghao , Liu Ping , Gu Yanlong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcid‐catalyzed tandem reactions with auto‐tandem catalysis are effective for simplifying organic synthesis. However, some of the reported reactions were established based on the use of well‐designed substrate with complex structure. In some cases, owing to the existence of a big gap between each catalytic cycle, it is hard to bind all the individual reaction steps to be a peaceful sequence. To enrich the diversity and also to strengthen the practical usefulness of the methodology developed by auto‐tandem catalysis, an additive‐like component was added to induce acid‐acid‐catalyzed tandem reaction. During the reaction, the additive‐like component acted either as an activator to increase the reactivity of the starting material or a hided reagent to enable successful transformation of the intermediate. Many novel tandem reactions were established in a one‐pot manner with the aid of this strategy. Importantly, this strategy not only allows the use of simple and commercially available chemicals as substrates, but also possesses multiple merits, such as simplifying operation, lowering waste generation and enhancing synthetic efficiency and atom‐economy. A summarization of the additive‐like component‐induced auto‐tandem catalysis with an acid catalyst was given in this review, in which many acid‐acid‐catalyzed tandem reactions were discussed. The reported additive‐like components were classified as three types: oxidative type, reductive type and neutral type depending on their mechanisms in assisting the establishment of acid‐acid‐catalyzed tandem reactions. Many examples were collected and analyzed from the viewpoints of simplifying the synthesis and manifesting their superior and distinct functionalities of the additives. A perspective of this concept was also given at the end of this review.
Evaluation of tree lucerne (Chamaecytisus palmensis) dried leaves as a substitution for concentrate mixture on biological performance and socioeconomic of Washera sheep fed on desho grass hay
Authors: Hailecherkos Shewaye , Asmare Bimrew , Mekuriaw Yeshambel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tree lucerne dried leaves (TLDL) as a substituting supplement for noug seed cake, and wheat bran concentrate mixtures (CM) on feed intake, digestibility, growth, carcass characteristics and economic benefits using Washera sheep fed desho grass hay as a basal diet.MethodsTwenty‐five male Washera sheep with an initial body weight of 16 ± 4.01 kg (mean ± SD) were used for both growth and digestibility trials which lasted for 90 and 10 days, respectively The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design having five blocks with five treatments (T1 = 0% TLDL + 100% CM; T2 = 25% TLDL + 75% CM; T3 = 50% TLDL + 50% CM; T4 = 75% TLDL + 25% CM and T5 = 100% TLDL + 0% CM).ResultsSignificant (p < .05) differences were observed among treatments in total dry matter (DM), nutrients and metabolizable energy (ME) intake; as the level of TLDL increases total DM and nutrient intake decreased (p < .05) except neutral detergent fibre intake (NDFI) and acid detergent fibre intake (ADFI). Digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) were significantly reduced (p < .001) among the treatments increasing the substitution level of TLDL for local concentrate mixture, but non‐significant for fibre fractions digestibility. Similarly, body weight, average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency were significantly different (p < .01) and highest in T1 than other treatments, whereas lowest values of the same parameters were observed for T5. Non‐significant difference among treatments was observed in almost all of the carcass characteristics except for rib‐eye area that showed significant difference among treatment and was highest in T1 and T2 (low level of TLDL inclusion). The economic analysis showed that supplementation TLDL was economically feasible in which the net return of the treatments were 31.66 (T1), 30.68 (T2) and 30.34 (T3), 27.88 (T4) and 26.32 (T5) USD (United States Dollar).ConclusionsIt was concluded that TLDL could be used as alternative feed source by replacing concentrate mixture up to 75% (T4) which enhanced nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Washera sheep. Finally, TLDL supplementation is recommended as replacement of CM up to 75% for its biological and economic feasibility.