bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variations associated with long noncoding RNAs
Authors: Luo Jianjun , Chen Runsheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Genetic variations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and structural variations, are widely distributed in the genome, including the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) regions. The changes at locus might produce numerous effects in a variety of aspects. Multiple bioinformatics resources and tools were also developed for systematically dealing with genetic variations associated with lncRNAs. Moreover, correlation of the genetic variations in lncRNAs with immune disease, cancers, and other disease as well as development process were all included for discussion. In this essay, we summarized how and in what aspects these changes would affect lncRNA functions.
Dust dynamics in planet-driven spirals
Authors: Sturm J. A. , Rosotti G. P. , Dominik C. 
Published: October 2020

Context. Protoplanetary disks are known to host spiral features that are observed in scattered light, the ALMA continuum, and more recently in CO gas emission and gas dynamics. However, it is unknown whether spirals in gas and dust trace the same morphology.
Aims. We aim to study the morphology and amplitude of dusty spirals as function of the Stokes number and the underlying mechanisms that cause a difference between dusty spirals and gas spirals. We then construct a model to relate the deviation from Keplerian rotation in the gas to a perturbation in surface density of the gas and dust.
Methods. We used FARGO-3D with dust implementation to numerically study the spirals, after which the results were interpreted using a semi-analytical model. This model was tested on observational data to predict the perturbation of the spiral in gas dynamics based on the continuum data.
Results. We find that the pitch angle of a spiral does not differ significantly between gas and dust. The amplitude of the dust spiral decreases with the Stokes number (St) and starts to fade out at a typical St > 0.1 as the dust becomes decoupled from the gas. The semi-analytical model provides an accurate and fast representation of the difference in the surface density of the spiral in dust and gas. We find a spiral in the TW Hya velocity residual map, never seen before, which is a feature in the vertical velocity and has a kink at the continuum gap, yielding strong evidence for a planet at 99 au.
Conclusions. We built a model that gives an estimate of the underlying dynamics of dust in a spiral, which can serve as evidence of the planetary origin of spirals and can be a probe for the Stokes number in the disk.
Autoimmune encephalitis and gastrointestinal dysmotility: achalasia, gastroparesis, and slow transit constipation
Authors: Frieling Thomas , Kreysel Christian , Blank Michael , Müller Dorothee , Melchior Ilka , Euler Philipp , Kuhlbusch-Zicklam Rita , Haarmeier Thomas , Schemann Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Neurological autoimmune disorders (NAD) are caused by autoimmune inflammation triggered by specific antibody subtypes. NAD may disturb the gut-brain axis at several levels including brain, spinal cord, peripheral, or enteric nervous system.
Case report We present a case with antinuclear neuronal Hu (ANNA-1)- and antiglial nuclear (SOX-1) autoimmune antibody-positive limbic encephalitis and significant gastrointestinal dysmotility consisting of achalasia type II, gastroparesis, altered small intestinal interdigestive motility, and severe slow transit constipation. The autoantibodies of the patient’s serum labeled enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal but no other cells in the gut wall. Achalasia was treated successfully by pneumatic cardia dilation and gastrointestinal dysmotility successfully with prucalopride.
Conclusion NAD may disturb gastrointestinal motility by altering various levels of the gut-brain axis.
Schlaganfall und COVID-19
Authors: Diener Hans-Christoph , Berlit Peter 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIm Rahmen der COVID-19-Infektion kommt es bei 0,5% bis 2 % der betroffenen Patienten zu einem Schlaganfall. Die Schlaganfälle sind meist schwer mit ungünstiger Prognose. Bei den meisten Patienten handelt es sich um einen Verschluss der großen hirnversorgenden Arterien bedingt durch die COVID-19 induzierte Gerinnungsstörung. Im Rahmen der COVID-19-Infektion ist es vorübergehend zu einem dramatischen Rückgang von Schlaganfallpatienten gekommen, die in Stroke Units behandelt werden. Die Situation hat sich in der Zwischenzeit wieder normalisiert.
Differentiation Between Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes – A Pilot Study with Transtemporal Investigation of Brain Parenchyma Elasticity Using Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Ertl Michael , Woeckel Margarethe , Maurer Christoph 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction Ultrasound shear wave elastography is well established in diagnostics of several parenchymatous organs and is recommended by respective guidelines. So far, research about applications in relevant neurological conditions is missing, especially in adults. Here we aimed to examine the method for the differentiation of ischemic (IS) and hemorrhagic strokes (HS) and cerebral mass effects.
Materials & Methods 50 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HS or IS were enrolled in this prospective study. 2D shear wave elastography was performed on the ipsilateral and the contralateral side with a modified acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) technique (ElastPQ mode, Philips). Lesion volumetry was conducted based on computed tomography data for correlation with elastography results.
Results Elastography measurements (EM) revealed a highly significant difference between IS and HS with mean values of 1.94 and 5.50 kPa, respectively (p < 0.00 001). Mean values of brain tissue on the non-affected side were almost identical (IS 3.38 (SD = 0.63); HS 3.35 (SD = 0.66); p = 0.91). With a sensitivity of 0.98 and a specificity of 0.99, a cut-off value of 3.52 kPa for discrimination could be calculated. There was a significant correlation of mass effect represented by midline shift and EM values on the contralateral side (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.68, p < 0.0003).
Conclusion Ultrasound brain parenchyma elastography seems to be a reliable sonographic method for discriminating between large IS and HS and for detecting and tracking conditions of intracerebral mass effects.
Fibrous Dysplasia, Paget's Disease of Bone, and Other Uncommon Sclerotic Bone Lesions of the Craniofacial Bones
Authors: Van de Voorde Nick , Mortier Geert R. , Vanhoenacker Filip M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImaging studies of the brain, head and neck, sinuses, and dental computed tomography are among the most frequently performed procedures in radiologic departments. Systematic evaluation in the bone window may reveal common and uncommon sclerotic osseous abnormalities of the craniofacial skeleton.Most of these findings are incidental and unrelated to the initial clinical indications. Sporadically symptoms may arise due to lesional mass effect with compression on adjacent structures and neuroforaminal encroachment, resulting in proptosis, vision, or hearing loss. Other symptoms include craniofacial deformity, mandibular occlusion deformity, and local pain.This article reviews the most common disorders characterized by an increased bone density involving the craniofacial bones including fibrous dysplasia, Paget's disease of bone, meningioma with associated hyperostosis, and osteoma. Finally, typical examples of rarer sclerosing bone dysplasias are discussed as well.Emphasis is placed on imaging features and the differential diagnosis.
Facial and Dental Trauma
Authors: De Foer Bert , Bernaerts Anja , Dhont Kathleen , Casselman Jan W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDental and facial trauma are very common in a daily routine radiology practice. Knowledge of the functional anatomy of the mandibulofacial and maxillofacial regions forms the cornerstone of a thorough full radiologic evaluation of the patient with a dental and/or facial trauma. Cone beam computed tomography and multidetector computed tomography are currently considered the imaging modalities of choice. There are several patterns and classification systems for the various subtypes of mandibulofacial and maxillofacial fractures. They are discussed separately in this article with special attention to the types of dental trauma and orbital trauma.
Heterologous microProtein expression identifies LITTLE NINJA, a dominant regulator of jasmonic acid signaling
Authors: Hong Shin-Young , Sun Bin , Straub Daniel , Blaakmeer Anko , Mineri Lorenzo , Koch Jonas , Brinch-Pedersen Henrik , Holme Inger B. , Burow Meike , Lyngs Jørgensen Hans Jørgen , Albà M. Mar , Wenkel Stephan 
Published: October 2020

Significance
In plants, hormone signaling is, to some extent, controlled by transcriptional repressors that are degraded in a hormone-dependent manner. These repressor complexes consist of multiple proteins that assemble. MicroProteins are small single-domain proteins that are sequence-related to larger, multidomain proteins and act by disrupting protein complex formation. By forming protein complexes, or by sequestering signaling proteins, microProteins can act as effective modulators of protein activity. Our studies have discovered LITTLE NINJA, a NINJA-related microProtein that modulates JA signaling by attenuating the repression of JA-signaling. Transgenic plants ectopically expressing LITTLE NINJA are shorter and bushier than wild-type plants. Modulating LITTLE NINJA activity may provide strategies for future crop improvement and contribute to finding sustainable solutions for future agricultural production.
Design rules for liquid crystalline electrolytes for enabling dendrite-free lithium metal batteries
Authors: Ahmad Zeeshan , Hong Zijian , Viswanathan Venkatasubramanian 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Lithium metal anodes offer a promising approach to improve the energy density of batteries to enable electrification of transportation. Dendrite suppression plagues the safety and cycle life of lithium metal anodes. In this work, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the use of liquid crystalline electrolytes in lithium metal anodes. We report theoretical demonstration of spontaneous stabilization of metal-electrode position using a liquid crystalline electrolyte due to the energy that arises when the molecules of the liquid crystal reorient. Building on this, we develop a comprehensive set of molecular-level design rules that will pave the way toward the realization of this new class of electrolytes for practical lithium metal batteries.
Human sanctuaries can be created everywhere: pilgrimage, tourism, and conservation in Vrindavan, India.
Authors: Nash Joshua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

This chapter focuses on how deeper and more philosophical experiences with sacred places, such as Vrindavan, India, can lead to the creation of human sanctuaries. Although present-day Vrindavan, which in popular mythological image is considered a celestial forest and divine playground of Krishna, is a city full of environmental problems, it still is the focus of spiritual teachings that build on the union of religion and nature conservation. In an almost biographical style, the author expounds on the Vaishnava teachings and their relevance for conserving the natural environment as he learned them from his study with local Vrindavan ecologist Shri Sevak Sharan, who calls for practical action and contemplative practice (sadhana, chintan) using what he calls the Vrindavan Ecological Concept (VEC). It is argued that this concept is powerful enough to inspire changes in thought processes and behavioural action that can create human sanctuaries everywhere in the world.
Interreligious dialogue: trees, stones, water, and interfaith ritual experiences in Lebanon.
Authors: Farra-Haddad Nour 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to further explore interfaith pilgrimages in Lebanon through an examination of how elements in the natural landscape, such as trees, water, and stones are utilized by pilgrims. Many religious traditions around the world through human history have utilized these natural elements in religious rituals and religious community-building exercises. The chapter furthermore demonstrates that through interfaith devotions using these natural elements, an inter-sectarian conviviality is experienced by pilgrims that leads to a natural dialogue between them, leading in turn to the development of a culture of peace. This natural dialogue of life is especially vital for promoting a sustainable peace in the region.
Calibration of outer diameter standards (EURAMET.L-K4 2005.1)
Authors: Koops R , Bergmans R , Kotte G 
Published: October 2020

At its meeting in October 2013, the EURAMET TC-L, decided upon a follow up comparison of the EUROMET.L-K4.2005 key comparison on diameter standards. This as a response to the executive report of the EUROMET.L-K4.2005 which contains several corrective actions to be performed for the following participants: INRIM, MIRS, NPL, SMD and VSL.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Advances in ultrafast gas-phase x-ray scattering
Authors: Stankus Brian , Yong Haiwang , Ruddock Jennifer , Ma Lingyu , Carrascosa Andres Moreno , Goff Nathan , Boutet Sébastien , Xu Xuan , Zotev Nikola , Kirrander Adam , Minitti Michael P , Weber Peter M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Recent developments of x-ray free electron lasers and pulsed electron sources have enabled ultrafast scattering to become an increasingly powerful tool for exploring molecular dynamics. This article describes our recent experimental and methodological advances in ultrafast gas-phase x-ray scattering experiments at the LCLS. A re-designed short-pathlength windowless diffractometer is coupled with careful optimization of sample density and independent normalization of x-ray intensity fluctuations to provide gas-phase scattering patterns with exceptionally high signal-to-noise ratios. These advances, coupled with careful geometry optimization and data treatment, provide both ground- and excited-state signals in excellent agreement with high level ab initio total scattering patterns.
Electro-thermal and optical characterization of an uncooled suspended bolometer based on an epitaxial La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 film grown on CaTiO3/Si
Authors: Nascimento V M , Méchin L , Liu S , Aryan A , Adamo C , Schlom D G , Guillet B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The electro-thermal and optical properties of a bolometer based on an La0.7Sr0.3MnO3( LSMO) thin film with a detection area of 100 × 100 µm2 are presented. The LSMO thin film was epitaxially grown on CaTiO3/Si and patterned using a two-step etching process of ion-beam etching in argon and of reactive-ion etching in SF6, in order to etch LSMO/CaTiO3 and Si, respectively. The voltage-current (V–I) characteristics of the bolometer were measured in vacuum from 240 K to 415 K. From the V–I characteristics and a thermal model of the bolometer, the electrical responsivity was determined and compared to the optical responsivity measured with a laser diode at 635 nm. The noise equivalent power (NEP) as a function of frequency was measured by dividing the spectral noise power density by the optical responsivity. At 300 K and a bias current of 80 µA, the NEP was 2.3 × 10−11 W · Hz−1/2 in the 20–200 Hz modulation frequency range and the response time was 1.3 ms. The obtained NEP value without any absorbing layer or antennas, combined with the low value of the response time, are a very promising step towards the use of such LSMO-based bolometers for IR or THz detection.
Apparent temperature in temperature-sensitive paint measurement and its effect on surface heat flux determination for hypersonic flows
Authors: Liu Xu , Shao Hongyi , Zhou Wenwu , Liu Yingzheng , Peng Di 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Non-zero temperature gradients in temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) cause the apparent temperature (the temperature measured by the TSP) to correspond to the temperature somewhere inside the TSP, which does not equal the top surface temperature. Treating the apparent temperature as the average temperature across the TSP layer is not always accurate, especially when there is a large temperature gradient in the TSP. In this paper, the apparent temperature is theoretically derived by integrating the luminescent intensity across the TSP layer and numerically determined using a Monte Carlo ray-tracing method. The results of a simulation show that the difference between the apparent and average temperatures increases with the temperature gradient in the TSP layer, which leads to a non-negligible error when determining the surface heat flux based on the average temperature. A modified Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is used to accurately recover the surface heat flux based on the apparent temperature for typical optical conditions in the measurement system. The results are compared with those obtained using the average temperature of the TSP. The effects of heat flux, TSP thickness and base material on the errors in the determination of the heat flux are investigated in detail.
Mesoscale strain and damage sensing in nanocomposite bonded energetic materials under low velocity impact with frictional heating via peridynamics
Authors: Talamadupula Krishna Kiran , Povolny Stefan J , Prakash Naveen , Seidel Gary D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The formation of hotspots within polymer bonded explosives can lead to the thermal decomposition and initiation of energetic materials. A frictional heating model is applied at the mesoscale in this study to assess the potential for the formation of hotspots under low velocity impact loadings. The frictional heating mechanism predominantly depends on the formation and growth of microstructural damage within the energetic material. Monitoring of the formation and growth of damage at the mesoscale is considered through the inclusion of piezoresistive carbon nanotube network within the energetic binder providing embedded strain and damage sensing. A coupled multiphysics thermo-electro-mechanical peridynamics framework is developed to perform computational simulations on an energetic material microstructure subject to low velocity impact loads. The coupled framework allows for the assessment of traveling compressive waves caused by impact with piezoresistive sensing, growth of damage with damage sensing and the possible formation of hotspots. The sensing mechanism has been shown to capture the presence of the compressive mechanical wave at different locations within the microstructure before large damage growth. It is observed that the development of hotspots is highly dependent on the impact energy. Higher impact energy leads to larger amounts of microstructural damage providing more damaged surfaces for friction to take place. The higher impact energy also yields larger relative velocities of sliding damage surfaces resulting in more frictional heating. With increase in impact energy, the model also predicts larger amounts of sensing and damage thereby supporting the use of carbon nanotubes to assess damage growth and subsequent formation of hotspots.
Numerical modeling of the magnetic response of interacting superparamagnetic particles to an ac field with arbitrary amplitude
Authors: Ambarov Alexander V , Zverev Vladimir S , Elfimova Ekaterina A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The dynamic magnetic response of immobilized superparamagnetic nanoparticles to an ac field with arbitrary amplitude is studied using numerical simulations. The nanoparticles are considered to be distributed randomly within an implicit solid matrix, but the easy axes of the particles are aligned parallel to the ac magnetic field. Modeling of dynamic response is based on the Fokker–Planck–Brown equation in which the interparticle dipole–dipole interactions are included within the framework of the modified mean-field theory. The effects of the magnetic crystallographic anisotropy barrier, the ac field amplitude, and the interparticle interactions on the dynamic magnetization, susceptibility, and relaxation time are analyzed. It is shown that an increase in the amplitude of the ac field significantly accelerates relaxation processes in the system under consideration whereas an increase in magnetic anisotropy of a particle and interparticle dipole–dipole interactions slows them down. The numerical results for dynamic susceptibility and relaxation time are compared against theories reliable in the weak ac field, and an excellent agreement is obtained.
Interaction of high-intensity focused ultrasound with polymers at the atomistic scale
Authors: Peng Kaiyuan , Shahab Shima , Mirzaeifar Reza 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Experiments show that high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a promising stimulus with multiple superior and unique capabilities to induce localized heating and achieve temporal and spatial thermal effects in the polymers, noninvasively. When polymers are subjected to HIFU, they heat up differently compared to the case they are subjected to heat sources directly; however, the origins of this difference are still entirely unknown. We hypothesize that the difference in the macroscale response of polymers subjected to HIFU strongly depends on the polymer chains, composition, and structure, i.e. being crystalline or amorphous. In this work, this hypothesis is investigated by molecular dynamics studies at the atomistic level and verified by experiments at the macroscopic scale. The results show that the viscoelasticity, measured by stress–strain phase lag, the reptation motion of the chains, and the vibration-induced local mobility quantified by the root mean square fluctuation contribute to the observed difference in the HIFU-induced thermal effects. This unravels the unknown mechanisms behind stimulating the polymers by HIFU, and paves the way in front of using this method in future applications.
Influence of chemical potential on shape evolution of 2D-MoS2 flakes produced by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Raju Mula , Wan Meher , Sen Supriti , Jacob Chacko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
High-quality, ultrathin 2D-MoS2 layers with large area were grown on SiO2/Si substrates by using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) at elevated temperatures. The growth precursors (MoO3 and S) were placed separately inside the double-zone furnace to control the growth parameters individually for better flexibility in the growth process. In this study, it was found that the shape and edge structure of the evolved MoS2 flakes were significantly influenced by the chemical potential of the Mo and S precursor concentration. In keeping with the concentration gradient of the Mo precursor (MoO3) on the substrate surface, the shape of MoS2 flakes changed from hexagonal to truncated triangle and then to triangular shapes, owing to the Mo-rich to S-rich conditions. The surface roughness and thickness of the differently shaped MoS2 flakes were studied by using atomic force microscope (AFM). Additionally, Raman and photoluminescence (PL) techniques were employed to characterize the crystalline quality, number of grown layers and optical performance of the as-grown MoS2 layers. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the equilibrium crystal shape of the MoS2 was hexagonal under Mo-rich conditions. However, the shape of the MoS2 crystal changed to a triangle under S-rich conditions. Furthermore, the influence of chemical potential on the edge structure of the monolayer MoS2 and its effect on the equilibrium shape of the crystal were studied.