bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usability Assessment of Steering Wheel Control Interfaces in Motorsport
Authors: Brown James W. H. , Stanton Neville A. , Revell Kirsten M. A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn order to assess the usability of steering wheel control interfaces in motorsport, it is necessary to employ a set of appropriate methods. The method selection process first involves identifying the relevant motorsport-based usability criteria. The unique factors associated with context of use in motorsport are then defined. These are employed to synthesize a set of key performance indicators (KPIs) that require specific analysis. The first KPI relates to error rates; these should be minimized, particularly under high cognitive load on the primary. The second KPI involves task times; these should be minimized not just to reduce distraction, but also to improve competitive performance. The third KPI states that usability should be optimized to minimize visual distraction. The fourth KPI advocates the minimizing of interface task load to reduce the effect on the primary task. The final KPI states that interface functionality should be easy to learn and recall. The KPIs provide clear goals to guide the identification of the most appropriate methods for each aspect of usability. Methods categories are devised and sets of appropriate methods selected based on the KPIs. These then combine into a toolset with an associated application process with the overall goal of providing a means by which motorsport interfaces may be both analysed and improved.
WHODrug: A Global, Validated and Updated Dictionary for Medicinal Information
Authors: Lagerlund Olof , Strese Sara , Fladvad Malin , Lindquist Marie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe WHODrug medicinal information dictionary is a worldwide source of global medicinal information with the aim to facilitate the coding of medications in clinical trials as well as identification of medication-related problems when monitoring patient safety, thereby supporting the development and usage of effective and safe medications. WHODrug contains individual trade names, active ingredients and additional information such as marketing authorisation holder, country of sale, pharmaceutical form and strength. All related medications are linked using a structured WHODrug alphanumeric code, connecting trade names and variation of the ingredient with the active moiety of the ingredient. Medications in WHODrug are classified using the ATC system and clustered into Standardised Drug Groupings, to allow for grouping of medications with one or more properties in common. The built-in data structure and the classification of medications in WHODrug facilitate various ways of aggregating medications for identification and analysis of possible adverse drug reactions. The different information levels in WHODrug are used to explore the relationship between a medication or a class of medications and an adverse event. By using WHODrug in clinical trials and post-marketing safety, accurate and standardised medication information can be achieved globally and allow easy information exchange. To meet the demands of WHODrug users from the pharmaceutical industry, academia and regulatory authorities, it is relevant to keep the dictionary comprehensive, validated and constantly updated on a global scale.
Radial symmetry of minimizers to the weighted Dirichlet energy
Authors: Koski Aleksis , Onninen Jani 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe consider the problem of minimizing the weighted Dirichlet energy between homeomorphisms of planar annuli. A known challenge lies in the case when the weightλdepends on the independent variablez. We prove that for an increasing radial weightλ(z) the infimal energy within the class of all Sobolev homeomorphisms is the same as in the class of radially symmetric maps. For a general radial weightλ(z) we establish the same result in the case when the target is conformally thin compared to the domain. Fixing the admissible homeomorphisms on the outer boundary we establish the radial symmetry for every such weight.
POWER PARTITIONS AND SEMI--FIBONACCI PARTITIONS
Authors: ALANAZI ABDULAZIZ M. , MUNAGI AUGUSTINE O. , NYIRENDA DARLISON 
Published: February 2020

Andrews [‘Binary and semi-Fibonacci partitions’, J. Ramanujan Soc. Math. Math. Sci.7(1) (2019), 1–6] recently proved a new identity between the cardinalities of the set of semi-Fibonacci partitions and the set of partitions into powers of 2 with all parts appearing an odd number of times. We extend the identity to the set of semi-$m$-Fibonacci partitions of $n$ and the set of partitions of $n$ into powers of $m$ in which all parts appear with multiplicity not divisible by $m$. We also give a new characterisation of semi-$m$-Fibonacci partitions and some congruences satisfied by the associated number sequence.
Cameroon's relations toward Nigeria: a foreign policy of pragmatism
Authors: Amin Julius A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExisting literature argues that the tactics of Cameroon foreign policy have been conservative, weak and timid. This study refutes that perspective. Based on extensive and previously unused primary sources obtained from Cameroon's Ministry of External Relations and from the nation's archives in Buea and Yaoundé, this study argues that Cameroon's foreign policy was neither timid nor makeshift. Its strategy was one of pragmatism. By examining the nation's policy toward Nigeria in the reunification of Cameroon, the Nigerian civil war, the Bakassi Peninsula crisis and Boko Haram, the study maintains that, while the nation's policy was cautious, its leaders focused on the objectives and as a result scored major victories. The study concludes by suggesting that President Paul Biya invokes the same skills he used in foreign policy to address the ongoing Anglophone problem, a problem that threatens to unravel much of what the country has accomplished.
Government–donor relations in Sierra Leone: who is in the driving seat?
Authors: Harris David , Conteh Felix Marco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSince the cessation of conflict in 2002, Sierra Leone has experienced extraordinary levels of involvement from Western donors. Paradoxically, while relationships are often portrayed on the ground as strong with significant donor influence, our research shows considerable fluidity in individual and institutional relationships. The article disaggregates donor–government relations at various levels over a short but crucial period, 2010–16, asking in each case who occupies the driving seat. In so doing, the article interrogates the concept of ‘extraversion’, investigating to what extent government – and indeed donors – has space in which to manoeuvre and how and why government and donors act as they do in this space. The period 2010–16 is of particular interest due to extreme iron ore price volatility and the Ebola epidemic of 2014–15. The article adds much-needed critique and empirical evidence to the debate on donor influence and ‘extraversion’.
On overcoming the culture–nature divide: a panpsychist proposal
Authors: Leidenhag Joanna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWithin the recently published volumes, Knowing Creation and Christ and the Created Order, several authors argue that the theological category of creation can help contemporary society overcome the modern, and ecologically harmful, bifurcation between nature and culture. This paper supplements this important argument by showing how theological panpsychism, an ontology inspired by current debates within analytic philosophy of mind, can help theologians articulate a metaphysically robust and trinitarian doctrine of creation.
Heterodox Hegels: heresiology in de Lubac and Bulgakov
Authors: Shaun Coyle Justin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper considers two twentieth-century heresiological critiques of G. W. F. Hegel. That Henri de Lubac and Sergius Bulgakov should both worry at Hegel's ‘heresy’ is hardly surprising. More surprising, however, is how and that each charges Hegel with a different heresy. Though de Lubac's heresiological critique has proven more influential, I commend Bulgakov's. The paper concludes by querying the very strategy of assaying philosophers like Hegel heresiologically.
International refugee protection and the primary institutions of international society
Authors: Nantermoz Olivia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRefugees are often considered as a source of disorder if not fundamental threat to international society. In contrast, and drawing from an English School approach, this article argues that the figure of the refugee is foundational to the constitution of both modern international society and its agent, the sovereign territorial state; hence refugee protection represents a primary institution of international society. Starting with conceptual and methodological considerations for studying primary institutions, the article then highlights the longstanding and widespread state practice of granting asylum. It is shown that on the one hand, the figure of the refugee serves to consolidate and naturalise the nation/state/territory trinity underpinning the modern state system; and on the other hand, protecting refugees plays a central role in the construction of statist self-identities as liberal, humanitarian, and altruistic agents. The last section of the article turns to the politics of contestation of refugee protection, examining domestic, regional, and international reactions to ‘anti-refugee’ policies in the United States, Hungary, and Australia. The considerable amount of criticism generated by these restrictive policies, it is argued, evidence the enduring importance and relevance of refugee protection in (and for) international society.
RELATION AS KEY TO GOD'S KNOWLEDGE OF PARTICULARS IN THE TAHĀFUT AL-TAHĀFUT AND THE ḌAMĪMA: A CROSS-TALK BETWEEN AVERROES, AL-ĠAZĀLĪ AND AVICENNA
Authors: Brenet Jean-Baptiste 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article deals with the divine knowledge of particulars in Averroes’ Tahāfut al-tahāfut and Ḍamīma. It examines how the concept of relation, generally neglected, is at the heart of the dispute between Avicenna, al-Ġazālī, and the Commentator. In al-Ġazālī’s eyes, Avicenna's misconception of divine knowledge “in a universal way” is based on a misuse of relation in the case of God's knowledge. If particulars change and God does not, his knowledge of particulars, insofar as it undergoes change, can be considered a pure relation without ontological consequences. Averroes contests both al-Ġazālī’s criticism and his proposal, despite the fact that, for different reasons involving the coming-to-be of human knowledge, he too employs the notion of pure relation in his Long Commentary on the Physics.
Percolation on an infinitely generated group
Authors: Georgakopoulos Agelos , Haslegrave John 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe give an example of a long range Bernoulli percolation process on a group non-quasi-isometric with ℤ, in which clusters are almost surely finite for all values of the parameter. This random graph admits diverse equivalent definitions, and we study their ramifications. We also study its expected size and point out certain phase transitions.
The new town of Angra (Terceira, the Azores): confirming a contested urban planning history using reverse historical analysis and flood modelling tools
Authors: Leite Antonieta , Leitão João 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Portuguese discovered the uninhabited Azores archipelago in 1427 and started to settle it during the fifteenth century. Angra, located on Terceira Island, soon became the most important Azorean city, leading to rapid urban development. This article investigates the overlooked role of streams in the rise of Angra as a pivotal Atlantic urban centre. Through the intersection of historical and flood modelling methods, it makes a unique contribution to our understanding of Angra's urban morphologic development, highlighting the potential of applying urban flood modelling to analysis of the rise of coastal urban settlement.
Ontogeny of the digestive tract of Brycon amazonicus (Teleostei, Bryconidae) under culture conditions: from hatching to juvenile stage
Authors: Neumann Erika , Paes Maria do Carmo Faria , Mendes José Mário Ribeiro , Braga Francisco Manoel de Souza , Nakaghi Laura Satiko Okada 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn the present study, the morphological development of the Brycon amazonicus digestive tract is described to provide basic knowledge for nutritional studies and, therefore, increase the survival of this species during larviculture. Samples were collected from hatching up to 25 days of age, measured, processed and observed under a stereomicroscope and light microscopy. Newly hatched larvae presented their digestive tract as a straight tube, dorsal to the yolk sac, lined with a single layer of undifferentiated cells. At 24 h post-hatching (hPH), the buccopharyngeal cavity was open, but the posterior region of the digestive tube remained closed. At 25 hPH, the digestive tube was completely open and could be divided into buccopharyngeal cavity, oesophagus and intestine. At 35 hPH, the intestine presented a dilatation in the proximal region, which had the function of storing food. Differentiation of the stomach started at 83 hPH, and mucous cells were observed in the epithelium. These cells are important in the production of mucus, whose function is to protect the organ against acidity, although the gastric glands began developing only from 171 hPH, when three stomach regions were observed: cardiac, fundic and pyloric. The gastric glands were observed in the cardiac region, indicating that this organ already had digestive functionality. From 243 hPH, the absorption and assimilation of nutrients were already possible but, only from 412 hPH, the digestive tract was completely developed and functional.
Effects of a kindergarten intervention on vegetables served and staff’s food-related practices: results of a cluster randomised controlled trial – the BRA study
Authors: Himberg-Sundet Anne , Kristiansen Anne Lene , Frost Andersen Lene , Bjelland Mona , Lien Nanna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjective:The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect on frequency, variety and amount of vegetables served and staff’s food-related practices in the multicomponent BRA intervention.Design:Cluster randomised controlled trial, conducted between Spring 2015 and Spring 2016. For allocation of the kindergartens, a stratified block randomisation was used. Data were collected in three ways: (i) a questionnaire for pedagogical leaders assessing the variety and frequency of vegetables served, including staff’s food-related practices assumed to be related to vegetable intake; (ii) a questionnaire for kindergarten assistants assessing staff’s food-related practices; (iii) a 5-d weighted vegetable diary assessing amount of vegetables served in a department.Setting:The target group for this study was public and private kindergartens in the counties of Vestfold and Buskerud, Norway.Participants:A total of seventy-three kindergartens participated.Results:At follow-up I, the amount of vegetables served increased by approximately 20 g per person per day (P = 0·002), and the variety in served vegetables increased by one-and-a-half kind per month (P = 0·014) in the intervention group compared to the control group. No effects on the frequency of vegetables served or on staff’s food-related practices were found.Conclusions:The BRA intervention was successful in increasing the amount and variety of vegetables served within intervention kindergartens. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms that can affect the staff’s food-related practices.
Contour bunding technology-evidence and experience in the semiarid region of southern Mali
Authors: Birhanu Birhanu Zemadim , Traoré Kalifa , Sanogo Karamoko , Tabo Ramadjita , Fischer Gundula , Whitbread Anthony Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLand and water management practices have been widely implemented in rural Mali since the 1980s to improve agricultural productivity and erosion control. Under conditions of recurring droughts, these practices are expected to increase farmers' ability to cope with shocks. One of the most common practices applied in the central and southern parts of Mali is contour bunding (CB). In this study the impact of the CB technology is evaluated with a focus on biophysical and socio-economic benefits. Data were collected in two agro-ecologies of southern Mali and were generated through field experimentation and household survey. Field experimentation involved implementation of contour lines with farm ridges, agronomic trails and runoff and erosion measurements. Agronomic data was collected on sorghum, maize, groundnut and millet for three consecutive years (2015 to 2017). Socio-economic data on the use of CB was obtained from individual farmer surveys. CB involves the layout of contour lines with land leveling devices to identify points of equal elevation and construction of contour lines with draught animals and human labor. The majority of the labor input to construct and maintain the CB comes from adult men who are head of the household (58%) and youth male (33%). Results indicate that with the application of CB yield of crops was higher with the highest increase in grain yield and biomass obtained for maize and millet (P < 0.01). CB application was useful in retaining soil water and reduced erosion rate. In treatment fields, 162 mm of rainfall per year was saved as soil moisture and on average 13,090 kg per hectare of soil was lost from farm fields without CB, and CB implementation significantly reduced the soil loss by 163% (P < 0.01). The improvements in crops yield and biomass, and the retention of soil nutrients positively changed farm level productivity conditions. The majority of farmers (78%) perceived higher income from the sale of crops grown on CB plots. These results suggest the landscape wide application of CB.
The joint impact of infrastructure and institutions on economic growth
Authors: Zergawu Yitagesu Zewdu , Walle Yabibal M. , Giménez-Gómez José-Manuel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the joint impact of infrastructure capital and institutional quality on economic growth using a large panel dataset covering 99 countries and spanning the years 1980–2015. The empirical strategy involves estimating a simple growth model where, in addition to standard controls, infrastructure, institutional quality, and their interaction are included as explanatory variables. Potential endogeneity concerns are addressed by employing generalized method of moments estimators that utilize internal instruments. We find that the interaction terms between infrastructure capital and institutional quality show a positive and significant impact on economic growth. These results are robust to a variety of alternative specifications and institutional quality measures. Hence, our results suggest that maximizing returns from infrastructure capital requires improving the quality of institutions.
Prenatal alcohol exposure and developmental programming of mental illness
Authors: Burgess Danielle J. , Moritz Karen M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is well established that high-dose alcohol consumption during pregnancy increases the risk for a plethora of adverse offspring outcomes. These include neurodevelopmental, cognitive and social deficits, as well as psychiatric illnesses, such as depression and anxiety. However, much less evidence is available on the effects of low- and early-dose alcohol exposure on mental health outcomes, regardless of the accumulating evidence that mental health outcomes should be considered in the context of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis. This review will discuss the evidence that indicates low-dose and early prenatal alcohol exposure can increase the risk of mental illness in offspring and discuss the mechanistic pathways that may be involved.
New Methods for Linking Science Objectives to Remote Sensing Observations: A Concept Study Using Single‐ and Dual‐Pair Satellite Gravimetry Architectures
Authors: Hauk M. , Wiese D. N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this manuscript, we present a new analysis tool, called space‐time‐accuracy grid (STAG) analysis, to simultaneously assess the performance of an observing system architecture across space and time. Such an analysis tool is useful to directly link science objectives (typically expressed via a targeted spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and accuracy) to the expected performance of the observing system architecture. As a proof of concept, we apply STAG analysis to analyze three potential future observing systems for mass change in the Earth system: a single pair of polar orbiting satellites (heritage Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow‐On), two polar pairs of satellites, and a polar pair of satellites coupled with an inclined (70°) pair of satellites. Here, we demonstrate the use of STAG analysis to quantify the relative performance of each architecture across space (200–1,800 km) and time (1–30 days), offering a significantly more comprehensive assessment of performance than previous studies. Results show that the polar pair coupled with the inclined pair reduces errors (after state‐of‐the‐art post‐processing for each architecture is accounted for) relative to the single pair of satellites by 40–60% in medium spatial scales (500–1,200 km), with the greatest benefit being for longer solution (monthly) timespans. Overall, the results from this case study highlight the importance of increasing the isotropy of the observable over simply increasing the sampling frequency. Some demonstrated benefits of STAG analysis include the ability to incorporate state‐of‐the‐art post‐processing methods into the analysis and also tailor the analysis to specific geographic regions to address targeted scientific objectives.
Refining Predictor Spectral Representation Using Wavelet Theory for Improved Natural System Modeling
Authors: Jiang Ze , Sharma Ashish , Johnson Fiona 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPredicting future surpluses or shortages of water is a long‐standing problem having considerable ramifications to water management across the world. Any prediction model for a natural system such as one that estimates water surpluses or shortages requires a two‐step approach. These are the following: first, identify and select meaningful predictor variables from a large number of potential predictors and second, formulate an accurate, efficient, and robust predictive model between selected predictors and the response. Recognizing that the timescales at which a response may operate is usually different from that of the predictors being identified, we introduce here a wavelet‐based unique variance transformation to each of the multiple predictor variables in the system which ensures an improved regression relationship to the modeled response. All existing methods assume no change in predictors even if they characterize variability at markedly different timescales, a deficiency that is addressed using the variance‐transformed predictor which can explain maximal information in an associated response. Using this unique variance transformation, additional predictor variables can be selected by assessing their ability to characterize residual information in the response that accounts for the effect of preidentified predictors. We demonstrate the utility of the wavelet‐based method using synthetically generated data sets from known linear and nonlinear systems with parametric and nonparametric predictive models. Applications to a dynamic system and a real‐world example to downscale a drought indicator over the Sydney region confirm its utility in an applied setting.