bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harm, care and babies: An inequalities and policy discourse perspective on recent child protection trends in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Keddell Emily 
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION: Examining basic trends in child protection statistics give some insight into the functioning of the system overall.METHODS: This article uses Official Information Act and publicly available data to examine recent trends of children in contact with the Aotearoa New Zealand child protection system.It discusses these trends with reference to child protection policy reforms, and an inequalities perspective.FINDINGS: There has been an increase of children in care despite steady reductions in hospitalisations for physical abuse and possibly child deaths, accepted reports of concern, abuse substantiations and entries to care. The increase is caused by fewer children exiting care, particularly for children under 10 years old. There is a 33% increase in babies removed; this is regionalised and with more use of legal orders on unborn, as opposed to older babies. Disproportionality for Māori is increasing, while other groups remain stable or reduce. The use of kinship care has increased.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE OR POLICY: Changes in rates of contact with the child protection system reflect complex interactions between demand and supply of services, social inequalities, the policy context and practice logics. Changing decision-making at intake reflects tightening criteria to focus on only the highest risk families. However, “supply” policies that focus on early removal to permanency and early-intervention discourses may result in an increasein younger children entering care, and staying longer once they get there. “Demand” policies affecting preventive service provision, social protections and institutionalised bias may also be contributors. More research is needed to fully understand these patterns.
Evaluation brief: Impact on service users of community day services’ cessation
Authors: Lim Garry 
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION: This is a brief of a year-long evaluative study and service analysis undertaken by Disability Support Link (DSL), Waikato DHB.APPROACH: This briefing provides an insight into the evaluative study on the associated impact of cessation of community day services which are key components within the disability sector’s service provision. These day services provide an integral outlet of meaningful activities for disabled adults whose current needs impact on their employment. The focus was on analysing repository information over the last decade. The data sources include documented narratives from the needs assessment process and longitudinal resourcing information. In addition, contemporary literature on the role of day activity centres were sourced to identify similar work within this area. The subsequent findings were submitted to the Ministry of Health of Aotearoa New Zealand.FINDINGS: An association was found between service users’ lack of access to day services and initial short-term savings to publicly funded disability services budget. However, initial savings were essentially overshadowed by subsequent, increasing, costs over time. There are also associated impacts on disabled adults, such as reports of increasing isolation, decreasing sense of meaningful structured day activities, declining daily functions and possibly resultant maladaptive behaviours. Notably, these issues are not just about funding and resourcing as they impact on disabled people’s rights and social connections.CONCLUSION: This study indicates that cessation and or reduction of day community services derived initial short-term cost savings but subsequent long-term increased support needs requires more costly support packages. Future efficacy lies in further reviewing the positive impact of health-related community day services for people with disabilities; an iteration of day service contracts that produces meaning to the individual and cost efficiency to public health spending.
Per cent low attenuation volume and fractal dimension of low attenuation clusters on CT predict different long-term outcomes in COPD
Authors: Shimizu Kaoruko , Tanabe Naoya , Tho Nguyen Van , Suzuki Masaru , Makita Hironi , Sato Susumu , Muro Shigeo , Mishima Michiaki , Hirai Toyohiro , Ogawa Emiko , Nakano Yasutaka , Konno Satoshi , Nishimura Masaharu 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundFractal dimension (D) characterises the size distribution of low attenuation clusters on CT and assesses the spatial heterogeneity of emphysema that per cent low attenuation volume (%LAV) cannot detect. This study tested the hypothesis that %LAV and D have different roles in predicting decline in FEV1, exacerbation and mortality in patients with COPD.MethodsChest inspiratory CT scans in the baseline and longitudinal follow-up records for FEV1, exacerbation and mortality prospectively collected over 10 years in the Hokkaido COPD Cohort Study were examined (n=96). The associations between CT measures and long-term outcomes were replicated in the Kyoto University cohort (n=130).ResultsIn the Hokkaido COPD cohort, higher %LAV, but not D, was associated with a greater decline in FEV1 and 10-year mortality, whereas lower D, but not %LAV, was associated with shorter time to first exacerbation. Multivariable analysis for the Kyoto University cohort confirmed that lower D at baseline was independently associated with shorter time to first exacerbation and that higher LAV% was independently associated with increased mortality after adjusting for age, height, weight, FEV1 and smoking status.ConclusionThese well-established cohorts clarify the different prognostic roles of %LAV and D, whereby lower D is associated with a higher risk of exacerbation and higher %LAV is associated with a rapid decline in lung function and long-term mortality. Combination of %LAV and fractal D may identify COPD subgroups at high risk of a poor clinical outcome more sensitively.
MRI Vessel Wall Enhancement and Other Imaging Biomarkers in Pediatric Focal Cerebral Arteriopathy-Inflammatory Subtype
Authors: Perez Francisco A. , Oesch Gabriela , Amlie-Lefond Catherine M. 
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose—
Focal cerebral arteriopathy-inflammatory type (FCA-i) is a common cause of pediatric arterial ischemic stroke characterized angiographically by unifocal and unilateral stenosis/irregularity of the large anterior circulation arteries with a presumed inflammatory cause. Arterial vessel wall enhancement (VWE) on vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging is a potential biomarker of inflammation that may improve diagnosis, guide treatment, and predict outcomes in patients with FCA-i. We hypothesized that patients with FCA-i with more severe or extensive VWE would have worse arteriopathy, larger infarcts, worse clinical outcome, and increased risk for infarct progression/recurrence.

Methods—
Pediatric patients with arterial ischemic stroke, classified as FCA-i, and who underwent vessel wall imaging were retrospectively identified at our institution. Clinical data were reviewed and the Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure at 1 year was determined as the primary clinical end point. Neuroimaging studies were assessed for infarct size, arteriopathy severity (Focal Cerebral Arteriopathy Severity Score), and VWE.

Results—

Nine cases of FCA-i with vessel wall imaging were evaluated, and there was a strong correlation between clinical outcome at 1-year with initial infarct volume (Spearman correlation coefficient rho=0.84;
P
<0.01) and arteriopathy severity (Focal Cerebral Arteriopathy Severity Score; rho=0.85;
P
<0.01). Patients with infarct progression/recurrence had worse Focal Cerebral Arteriopathy Severity Score at presentation compared with those without progression/recurrence (median [IQR]; 9.0 [8.0–11.8] and 5.0 [4.0–7.0], respectively;
P
<0.05). On the contrary, measures of VWE were not correlated with arteriopathy severity, infarct size, clinical outcome, or risk of infarct progression/recurrence. Moreover, not all patients with FCA-i demonstrated VWE.

Conclusions—
VWE may not be a reliable biomarker for the diagnosis or assessment of FCA-i, and future work is needed to assess the utility of vessel wall imaging in pediatric arterial ischemic stroke and FCA-i.
A Census Record as a Source in Livy?
Authors: Taylor Michael J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The speech of Spurius Ligustinus in Livy (42.34.2-15) presents a full account of the life and career of a Middle Republican centurion, sometimes dismissed as patriotic invention, but alternatively used as evidence for the social, economic and military history of the second century BCE. This article argues that the information for Ligustinus’s life and career was culled from archived census records, a theory that best explains the biographical details that would not turn up if Livy or his annalistic source simply wanted to generate a conventional rhetorical account of military accomplishment.
Typhonic Voices
Authors: Sansom Stephen A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article argues that Lucan references Hesiod’s Typhonomachy in the voice of Erictho (Luc. 6.685-694). The intertext is significant in two respects. It casts Erictho as a nonpartisan proponent of Gigantomachy and cosmic war itself, a portrayal that informs aspects of her character as a theomachos and vates. Likewise, it presents an innovative use of Hesiod’s Theogony: instead of a poem of peace, Lucan adapts it as a paradigm of civil war.
Ancient Greek Spermatology
Authors: König Jacqueline 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
From the fifth century bc onwards, the scientific interests of the ancient Greeks—already traceable in the earliest remaining sources—expanded to include zoology and related matters. The first philosopher known to have written a book about human biology was Alcmaeon of Croton, who is described as a pupil of Pythagoras. One important basic question in his research concerned the origin and nature of semen. According to the Viennese medical historian Erna Lesky, Alcmaeon held merely that semen has its origin in the brain. My suggestions are that Alcmaeon saw the abdomen as the place of origin of the material part of semen and that in his theory all (or at least more) parts of the body were present in the semen, while the brain functioned as a necessary transit port through which life entered.
Climate change threatens micro-endemic amphibians of an important South American high-altitude center of endemism
Authors: Cordier Javier M. , Lescano Julián N. , Ríos Natalia E. , Leynaud Gerardo C. , Nori Javier 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Species inhabiting broad altitudinal gradients are particularly exposed to the effects of global climate change (GCC). Those species reaching mountain tops are the most negatively affected. Here, using ecological niche models we estimated the climate change exposure of endemic amphibians of the most important extra-Andean mountain system of Argentina: the Sierras Pampeanas Centrales. Our results pinpoint that micro-endemic amphibians of this mountain system are heavily exposed to the effects of GCC, with important constraints of suitable climatic conditions for the six analyzed species. Among the most important findings, our models predict a high probability of a total disappearance of suitable climatic conditions for two of the species, currently restricted to mountain tops. This high exposure, in synergy with their very restricted ranges, and other important human induced threats (as fish invasion and emergent diseases), pose a serious threat to these endemic species, which can enter into the “extinction pathway” in a near future if no concrete conservation actions are taken. Our findings provide additional evidence of the great negative impact of GCC in high-altitude centers of endemism.
Haptic and Auditory–Haptic Attentional Blink in Spatial and Object-Based Tasks
Authors: Rau Pei-Luen Patrick , Zheng Jian , Wang Lijun , Zhao Jingyu , Wang Dangxiao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Dual-task performance depends on both modalities (e.g., vision, audition, haptics) and task types (spatial or object-based), and the order by which different task types are organized. Previous studies on haptic and especially auditory–haptic attentional blink (AB) are scarce, and the effect of task types and their order have not been fully explored. In this study, 96 participants, divided into four groups of task type combinations, identified auditory or haptic Target 1 (T1) and haptic Target 2 (T2) in rapid series of sounds and forces. We observed a haptic AB (i.e., the accuracy of identifying T2 increased with increasing stimulus onset asynchrony between T1 and T2) in spatial, object-based, and object–spatial tasks, but not in spatial–object task. Changing the modality of an object-based T1 from haptics to audition eliminated the AB, but similar haptic-to-auditory change of the modality of a spatial T1 had no effect on the AB (if it exists). Our findings fill a gap in the literature regarding the auditory–haptic AB, and substantiate the importance of modalities, task types and their order, and the interaction between them. These findings were explained by how the cerebral cortex is organized for processing spatial and object-based information in different modalities.
Effect of the valve design on pressure drop, pressure recovery, and spatial positioning of vena contracta
Authors: Tasca Giordano , Lucherini Federico , Romagnoni Claudia , Jaworek Michal , Redaelli Alberto , Antona Carlo , Vismara Riccardo 
Published: January 2020

Background: Bioprostheses are complex structures and yield a very complex fluid dynamics. Hence, it can be hypothesized that prosthesis structural characteristics affect the position of the vena contracta and, consequently, influences the pattern and the extent of pressure recovery downstream from the vena contracta. Materials and methods: The study was performed on pericardial aortic prostheses, specifically Crown 21 and 23 (LivaNova PLC, UK), Trifecta 19 and 21 (Edwards Lifescience, USA), and Magna 19 and 21(Abbott, USA), tested in an “ad hoc” devised steady flow loop circuit at four flow rates (10, 15, 20, and 25 L/min). Fluid dynamic quantities were obtained by direct pressure measurement and Doppler interrogation. Results: Pressure drop at 25 L/min flow rate was 26.5 ± 0.3 mm Hg and 14.9 ± 0.1 mm Hg for the Trifecta 19 and 21, 37.1 ± 1.0 mm Hg and 27.3 ± 0.4 mm Hg for the Magna 19 and 21, and 36.6 ± 1.0 mm Hg and 22.7 ± 0.1 mm Hg for Crown 21 and 23, respectively. The vena contracta was shorter for Trifecta compared with the Magna and the Crown in which it developed further downstream and as far as 1 cm from the valve leaflets fringes. The pressure recovery was 54% ± 1% for Trifecta 21, 39% ± 1% for Magna 21, and 41% ± 2% for Crown 23 with different patterns. Conclusion: The design of bioprosthesis affects pressure recovery and the position of the vena contracta. The different patterns of pressure recovery might have clinical impact.
Smart Flow for the evaluation of the hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Colucci Marco , Torreggiani Massimo , Bernardi Irene , Stangalino Simone , Catucci Davide , Esposito Vittoria , Sileno Giuseppe , Esposito Ciro 
Published: January 2020

Background: Smart Flow is an innovative tool available on the Carestream Touch Prime Ultrasound machines, which provides automated blood flow measurement and shows the vectors that form the blood flow in the vessel. We compared the use of Smart Flow with traditional Duplex Doppler Ultrasound to evaluate blood flow of arteriovenous fistulas in prevalent hemodialysis patients. Methods: A total of 31 chronic patients on hemodialysis were enrolled. Blood flow was measured on the brachial artery with Smart Flow and duplex Doppler ultrasound. In a subset of 26 patients, a video of the juxta-anastomotic efferent vein was recorded and analyzed to calculate an index of flow turbulence. Results: We enrolled 21 males and 10 females aged 68.52 ± 11.64 years at the time of evaluation with an average arteriovenous fistulas vintage of 50.23 ± 47.42 months and followed them up for 18.03 ± 5.18 months. Smart Flow and Duplex Doppler Ultrasound blood flow measurements positively correlated (p < 0.0001) in the same patient but Smart Flow gave higher blood flow values (995.0 vs 730.3 mL/min, p < 0.0001), and the Duplex Doppler Ultrasound blood flow standard deviation was similar to Smart Flow (125.4 vs 114.4 mL/min, p < 0.0001). The time needed to evaluate arteriovenous fistulas with Smart Flow was significantly shorter than Duplex Doppler Ultrasound (67.58 ± 19.89 vs 146.3 ± 26.35 s, p < 0.0001). No correlation was found between blood flow turbulence and the subsequent access failure. Conclusion: Smart Flow is reliable, reproducible, and faster than traditional duplex ultrasound. However, the additional information given by the Smart Flow technique does not seem to add any further benefits in terms of prediction of the access failure.
Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia
Authors: Kamau Everlyn , Oketch John W. , de Laurent Zaydah R. , Phan My V. T. , Agoti Charles N. , Nokes D. James , Cotten Matthew 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important cause of acute respiratory illness in young children. Whole genome sequencing enables better identification of transmission events and outbreaks, which is not always possible with sub-genomic sequences.

Results
We report a 2-reaction amplicon-based next generation sequencing method to determine the complete genome sequences of five HMPV strains, representing three subgroups (A2, B1 and B2), directly from clinical samples. In addition to reporting five novel HMPV genomes from Africa we examined genetic diversity and sequence patterns of publicly available HMPV genomes. We found that the overall nucleotide sequence identity was 71.3 and 80% for HMPV group A and B, respectively, the diversity between HMPV groups was greater at amino acid level for SH and G surface protein genes, and multiple subgroups co-circulated in various countries. Comparison of sequences between HMPV groups revealed variability in G protein length (219 to 241 amino acids) due to changes in the stop codon position. Genome-wide phylogenetic analysis showed congruence with the individual gene sequence sets except for F and M2 genes.

Conclusion
This is the first genomic characterization of HMPV genomes from African patients.
Using whole-genome SNP data to reconstruct a large multi-generation pedigree in apple germplasm
Authors: Muranty Hélène , Denancé Caroline , Feugey Laurence , Crépin Jean-Luc , Barbier Yves , Tartarini Stefano , Ordidge Matthew , Troggio Michela , Lateur Marc , Nybom Hilde , Paprstein Frantisek , Laurens François , Durel Charles-Eric 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundApple (MalusxdomesticaBorkh.) is one of the most important fruit tree crops of temperate areas, with great economic and cultural value. Apple cultivars can be maintained for centuries in plant collections through grafting, and some are thought to date as far back as Roman times. Molecular markers provide a means to reconstruct pedigrees and thus shed light on the recent history of migration and trade of biological materials. The objective of the present study was to identify relationships within a set of over 1400 mostly old apple cultivars using whole-genome SNP data (~ 253 K SNPs) in order to reconstruct pedigrees.ResultsUsing simple exclusion tests, based on counting the number of Mendelian errors, more than one thousand parent-offspring relations and 295 complete parent-offspring families were identified. Additionally, a grandparent couple was identified for the missing parental side of 26 parent-offspring pairings. Among the 407 parent-offspring relations without a second identified parent, 327 could be oriented because one of the individuals was an offspring in a complete family or by using historical data on parentage or date of recording. Parents of emblematic cultivars such as ‘Ribston Pippin’, ‘White Transparent’ and ‘Braeburn’ were identified. The overall pedigree combining all the identified relationships encompassed seven generations and revealed a major impact of two Renaissance cultivars of French and English origin, namely ‘Reinette Franche’ and ‘Margil’, and one North-Eastern Europe cultivar from the 1700s, ‘Alexander’. On the contrary, several older cultivars, from the Middle Ages or the Roman times, had no, or only single, identifiable offspring in the set of studied accessions. Frequent crosses between cultivars originating from different European regions were identified, especially from the nineteenth century onwards.ConclusionsThe availability of over 1400 apple genotypes, previously filtered for genetic uniqueness and providing a broad representation of European germplasm, has been instrumental for the success of this large pedigree reconstruction. It enlightens the history of empirical selection and recent breeding of apple cultivars in Europe and provides insights to speed-up future breeding and selection.
The association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein at admission and progressive motor deficits in patients with penetrating artery infarctions
Authors: Gong Pengyu , Liu Yukai , Huang Ting , Chen Wenxiu , Jiang Teng , Gong Yachi , Lu Min , Wang Meng , Zhang Yingdong , Zhang Xiaohao , Deng Qiwen , Zhou Junshan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
A fraction of patients with penetrating artery infarction (PAI) experience progressive motor deficit deterioration (PMD). We sought to investigate the role of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) at admission in predicting PMD.

Methods
From January 2015 to September 2018, consecutive patients with PAI from three centers were prospectively enrolled in this study. PMD was defined as worsening of motor function score by ≥1 point on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale during the first 5 days after admission. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between hs-CRP and PMD in patients with PAI. We also performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and constructed a nomogram to assess the overall discriminative ability of hs-CRP in predicting PMD.

Results
We ultimately included 544 patients (mean age, 65.4 ± 11.8 years). A total of 85 (15.6%) patients were identified to have PMD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hs-CRP was independently associated with PMD (P = 0.001). The optimal cutoff value for hs-CRP as a predictor for PMD was 3.48 mg/L, with a sensitivity of 73.64% and a specificity of 82.35% (area under curve, 0.792). Moreover, the nomogram we constructed indicated that higher level of hs-CRP was an indicator of PMD (c-index = 0.780, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our study suggested that hs-CRP might be a useful biomarker for predicting the risk of PMD in patients with PAI.