bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subxiphoid uniportal thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy for stage I non‐small cell lung cancer: Feasibility, quality of life and financial worthiness
Authors: Abdellateef Amr , Ma Xiaoyu , Chen Zhigang , Wu Liang , Cai Jianqiao , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSubxiphoid uniportal video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (SVATS) is more technically challenging than intercostal uniportal video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (UVATS), especially in more complex procedures such as segmentectomy. We therefore aimed to investigate the worthiness of undertaking the more demanding subxiphoid approach in patients who had undergone anatomical segmentectomy for stage IA non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsA total of 491 patients were included in our study who had undergone anatomical segmentectomy for stage IA non‐small cell lung cancer from September 2014 to April 2018. They were divided into two groups; 278 patients in the UVATS group and 213 patients in the SVATS group. Different perioperative variables, postoperative pain, quality of life and cost were analyzed and compared between both groups.ResultsThe SVATS group showed a significantly longer operative time (P = 0.007) and more operative blood loss than the intercostal group (P = 0.004). There was no significant difference between both groups regarding postoperative drainage, duration of chest tube, postoperative hospital stay, operative conversion or postoperative complications. The SVATS group showed a significantly lower pain score postoperatively (P < 0.001). In addition, the SVATS group showed a significantly better postoperative quality of life score along the first postoperative year (P < 0.001). UVATS segmentectomy appeared to be significantly cheaper than SVATS segmentectomy (P < 0.001).ConclusionsSVATS segmentectomy for stage IA lung cancer is a safe procedure that is worth proceeding with as it is associated with better postoperative pain and better quality of life in the first postoperative year. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the actual cost‐effectiveness of SVATS segmentectomy.Key points• Significant findings of the studySubxiphoid uniportal approach for pulmonary segmentectomy is safe and feasible approach. It has better postoperative pain and better quality of life than the uniportal intercostal approach; however, it is more expensive.• What this study addsSubxiphoid uniportal approach for pulmonary segmentectomy gives a better quality of life in Chinese patients than the intercostal approach; however, it is more expensive.
Share repurchases and firm innovation
Authors: Nguyen Lily , Vu Le , Yin Xiangkang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe examine whether corporate decisions such as share repurchases influence a firm’s intangible assets and their production. We find a significantly negative relationship between share repurchases and firm innovation. The negative relationship survives all considered robustness tests. We further apply two identification strategies, namely, difference‐in‐differences analysis and instrumental variables estimation, to establish that the negative effect is causal; that is, from share repurchases to innovation.
Enhancing tropical conservation and ecology research with aquatic environmental DNA methods: an introduction for non‐environmental DNA specialists
Authors: Huerlimann R. , Cooper M. K. , Edmunds R. C. , Villacorta‐Rath C. , Le Port A. , Robson H. L. A. , Strugnell J. M. , Burrows D. , Jerry D. R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBiodiversity conservation is a worldwide concern and proper management of threatened species or communities depends on reliable and accurate data collection. Despite the broad utility of environmental DNA (eDNA) for conservation management and the necessity for appropriate biodiversity management in the tropics, eDNA‐based research conducted in tropical regions so far comprises only a small proportion of the cumulative eDNA literature. To address the growing demand for rapid and reliable species and community level ecological data in tropical regions, we provide an aquatic eDNA‐focused review of (1) challenges and considerations for sampling design and inference of eDNA data in the tropics, and (2) eDNA applications relevant to ecological research and biodiversity management in the tropics. We propose that the collaborative incorporation of eDNA sampling with conventional field surveys harbours the potential to revolutionize the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation management in tropical regions.
Use of in situ simulation to evaluate the operational readiness of a high‐consequence infectious disease intensive care unit
Authors: Fregene T. E. , Nadarajah P. , Buckley J. F. , Bigham S. , Nangalia V. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryOn 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the outbreak of a coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) was a public health emergency of international concern. The WHO guidance states that patients with (COVID‐19) should be managed by staff wearing appropriate personal protective equipment; however, working whilst wearing personal protective equipment is unfamiliar to many healthcare professionals. We ran high‐fidelity, in‐situ simulation of high‐risk procedures on patients with COVID‐19 in a negative‐pressure side room on our intensive care unit (ICU). Our aim was to identify potential problems, test the robustness of our systems and inform modification of our standard operating procedures for any patients with COVID‐19 admitted to our ICU. The simulations revealed several important latent risks and allowed us to put corrective measures in place before the admission of patients with COVID‐19. We recommend that staff working in clinical areas expected to receive patients with COVID‐19 conduct in‐situ simulation in order to detect their own unique risks and aid in the creation of local guidelines of management of patients with COVID‐19.
The Italian coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: recommendations from clinical practice
Authors: Sorbello M. , El‐Boghdadly K. , Di Giacinto I. , Cataldo R. , Esposito C. , Falcetta S. , Merli G. , Cortese G. , Corso R. M. , Bressan F. , Pintaudi S. , Greif R. , Donati A. , Petrini F. ,   The Società Italiana di Anestesia Analgesia Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva (SIAARTI) Airway Research Group, and The European Airway Management Society
Published: March 2020

SummaryNovel coronavirus 2019 is a single‐stranded, ribonucleic acid virus that has led to an international pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019. Clinical data from the Chinese outbreak have been reported, but experiences and recommendations from clinical practice during the Italian outbreak have not. We report the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak on regional and national healthcare infrastructure. We also report on recommendations based on clinical experiences of managing patients throughout Italy. In particular, we describe key elements of clinical management, including: safe oxygen therapy; airway management; personal protective equipment; and non‐technical aspects of caring for patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. Only through planning, training and team working will clinicians and healthcare systems be best placed to deal with the many complex implications of this new pandemic.
Consensus guidelines for managing the airway in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Cook T. M. , El‐Boghdadly K. , McGuire B. , McNarry A. F. , Patel A. , Higgs A. 
Published: March 2020

SummarySevere acute respiratory syndrome‐corona virus‐2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), is highly contagious. Airway management of patients with COVID‐19 is high risk to staff and patients. We aimed to develop principles for airway management of patients with COVID‐19 to encourage safe, accurate and swift performance. This consensus statement has been brought together at short notice to advise on airway management for patients with COVID‐19, drawing on published literature and immediately available information from clinicians and experts. Recommendations on the prevention of contamination of healthcare workers, the choice of staff involved in airway management, the training required and the selection of equipment are discussed. The fundamental principles of airway management in these settings are described for: emergency tracheal intubation; predicted or unexpected difficult tracheal intubation; cardiac arrest; anaesthetic care; and tracheal extubation. We provide figures to support clinicians in safe airway management of patients with COVID‐19. The advice in this document is designed to be adapted in line with local workplace policies.
Imperial Remains and Imperial Invitations: Centering Race within the Contemporary Large‐Scale Infrastructures of East Africa
Authors: Kimari Wangui , Ernstson Henrik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper we combine infrastructure studies and black radical traditions to foreground how imperial remains deeply inform the logics that bring forth contemporary large‐scale infrastructures in Africa. The objective, prompted by the ongoing avid promotion of such architectures on the continent, is to contribute to an analysis that centres race in these projects. Our argument is that these initiatives have to be understood in relation to inherited material and discursive scaffoldings that remain from the colonial period, through what we refer to as imperial remains and imperial invitations. These remains and invitations demonstrate how recent mega infrastructures inhere, in their planning, financing and implementation, a colonial racialism, despite rhetorical claims to the opposite. Empirically, we draw, principally, on China built and financed infrastructure projects from Kenya, and theoretically upon black radical traditions in order to foreground a longer genealogy of black pathologising and resistance to it on the continent.
Bowel damage and disability in Crohn's disease: a prospective study in a tertiary referral centre of the Lémann Index and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Disability Index
Authors: Lauriot dit Prevost Clémentine , Azahaf Mustapha , Nachury Maria , Branche Julien , Gerard Romain , Wils Pauline , Lambin Thomas , Desreumaux Pierre , Ernst Olivier , Pariente Benjamin 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe notion of Crohn's disease (CD) as a chronic, progressive and disabling condition has led to the development of new indexes: the Lémann Index measuring cumulative bowel damage and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Disability Index, assessing functional disability.AimsTo measure the Lémann Index and the IBD Disability Index in a large prospective cohort of CD patients and to assess the correlation between these two indexes.MethodsWe performed a prospective study in a tertiary referral centre including all consecutive CD outpatients. We assessed the Lémann Index and the IBD Disability Index questionnaire in all patients.ResultsOne hundred and thirty CD patients were consecutively included. The mean Lémann Index (±SD) was 11.9 ± 14.1 and ranged from 0 to 72.5 points. Factors associated with a high bowel damage score were: disease duration, anal location, previous intestinal resection, clinical and biological disease activity, exposure to immunosuppressants, and exposure to anti‐TNF (P < 0.005). Among patients exposed to anti‐TNF, the Lémann Index was lower in those who were exposed in the first 2 years of their disease (P = 0.015). The mean IBD Disability Index was 28.8 ± 6.3 and ranged from 0 to 71 points. The factors associated with high disability score were: female gender, anal location, extra digestive manifestations, clinical and biological disease activity and exposure to anti‐TNF (P < 0.005). No correlation was observed between the Lémann Index and IBD Disability Index (P = 0.15).ConclusionsThis is the first study to prospectively evaluate the Lémann Index and the IBD Disability Index in a large cohort of CD patients in a tertiary centre. Early introduction of anti‐TNF treatment was associated with lower bowel damage scores, and no correlation was observed between the Lémann Index and the IBD Disability Index. Further dedicated prospective studies are necessary to confirm these results.
Integrated omics analysis of sweat reveals an aberrant amino acid metabolism pathway in Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease
Authors: Cui X , Su G , Zhang L , Yi S , Cao Q , Zhou C , Kijlstra A , Yang P 
Published: March 2020

Summary
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease is an autoimmune disease leading to visual impairment. Its pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our purpose was to investigate the distinctive protein and metabolic profiles of sweat in patients with VKH disease. In the present study, proteomics and metabolomics analysis was performed on 60 sweat samples (30 VKH patients and 30 normal controls) using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis was used to validate the results of our omics analysis. In total, we were able to detect 716 proteins and 175 metabolites. Among them, 116 proteins (99 decreased and 17 increased) were observed to be significantly different in VKH patients when compared to controls. Twenty-one differentially expressed metabolites were identified in VKH patients, of which 18 included choline, L-tryptophan, betaine and L-serine were reduced, while the rest were increased. Our multi-omics strategy reveals an important role for the amino acid metabolic pathway in the pathogenesis of VKH disease. Significant differences in proteins and metabolites were identified in the sweat of VKH patients and, to some extent, an aberrant amino acid metabolism pathway may be a pathogenic factor in the pathogenesis of VKH disease.
Effects of caffeine consumption on intraocular pressure during low‐intensity endurance exercise: A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, balanced crossover study
Authors: Vera Jesús , Redondo Beatriz , Bardón Anabel , Pérez‐Castilla Alejandro , García‐Ramos Amador , Jiménez Raimundo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImportanceIntraocular pressure (IOP) is sensitive to caffeine intake and physical exercise. However, the combined effect of caffeine intake and physical exercise on IOP levels remains unknown.BackgroundWe aimed to assess the effects of caffeine consumption before exercise on the IOP behaviour during low‐intensity endurance exercise.DesignA placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, balanced crossover study at the University of Granada.ParticipantsEighteen physically active young adults (age = 23.3 ± 2.4 years) participated in this study.MethodsParticipants performed 30 minutes of cycling at 10% of maximal power production after 30 minutes of ingesting a capsule of caffeine (~4 mg/kg) and placebo in two different days and following a double‐blind procedure.Main Outcome MeasureIOP was measured at baseline (before caffeine/placebo ingestion), after 5 minutes of warm‐up, during cycling (6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 minutes) and recovery (5 and 10 minutes) by rebound tonometry.ResultsThere was a significant effect of caffeine consumption (P < .001, η2 = 0.50), showing that the ingestion of caffeine before exercise counteracted the IOP‐lowering response to low‐intensity endurance exercise. Greater IOP values at 12, 18, 24 and 30 minutes (corrected P‐values<.05, ds = 0.90‐1.08) of cycling were observed for the caffeine in comparison to the placebo condition.Conclusions and RelevanceThe ingestion of caffeine (~4 mg/kg) 30 minutes before performing low‐intensity endurance exercise counteracts the IOP‐lowering effect of low‐intensity exercise. These results highlight that the ingestion of a considerable amount of caffeine before exercise should be discouraged for individuals who would benefit from the IOP reduction associated with low‐intensity exercise (ie, glaucoma patients or those at risk).
A study of deep neural networks for human activity recognition
Authors: Sansano Emilio , Montoliu Raúl , Belmonte Fernández Óscar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHuman activity recognition and deep learning are two fields that have attracted attention in recent years. The former due to its relevance in many application domains, such as ambient assisted living or health monitoring, and the latter for its recent and excellent performance achievements in different domains of application such as image and speech recognition. In this article, an extensive analysis among the most suited deep learning architectures for activity recognition is conducted to compare its performance in terms of accuracy, speed, and memory requirements. In particular, convolutional neural networks (CNN), long short‐term memory networks (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM (biLSTM), gated recurrent unit networks (GRU), and deep belief networks (DBN) have been tested on a total of 10 publicly available datasets, with different sensors, sets of activities, and sampling rates. All tests have been designed under a multimodal approach to take advantage of synchronized raw sensor' signals. Results show that CNNs are efficient at capturing local temporal dependencies of activity signals, as well as at identifying correlations among sensors. Their performance in activity classification is comparable with, and in most cases better than, the performance of recurrent models. Their faster response and lower memory footprint make them the architecture of choice for wearable and IoT devices.
Height mismatch: An overlooked component of adult heart transplant outcomes
Authors: Rudasill Sarah E. , Sanaiha Yas , Mardock Alexandra L. , Xing Hanning , Khoury Habib , Kwon Murray , Benharash Peyman 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHeart transplantation guidelines recommend against matching donors with significant weight but not height discrepancies. This study analyzed the impact of donor‐recipient height mismatch on mortality among heart transplant recipients. We retrospectively analyzed all adult patients in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry undergoing heart transplantation from 1990 to September 2016. Moderate and severe height mismatch were classified as >10% and >15% difference in donor height from recipient height, respectively. The primary outcome was 1‐year mortality. Adjusted Cox hazards regression was performed, and Kaplan‐Meier estimates illustrated 10‐year survival. Of 44 877 transplants, 4822 (10.7%) were moderately height mismatched. Height‐mismatched recipients were more frequently female (41.6% vs 21.8%, P < .001), sex mismatched (53.8% vs 24.9%, P < .001), and weight mismatched (4.9% vs 1.9%, P < .001). After adjustment, recipients of moderately (HR = 1.15 [1.02‐1.30]) and severely (HR = 1.38 [1.10‐1.74]) taller donor hearts were at increased risk of mortality at 1 year relative to height‐matched recipients. Furthermore, of 1042 (21.6%) severe mismatches, recipients with taller (HR = 1.39 [1.11‐1.74]) but not shorter (HR = 0.79 [0.44‐1.43]) donors faced increased 10‐year mortality. The effect was pronounced among re‐transplant candidates (HR = 1.96 [1.07‐3.59]). In conclusion, matching with moderately or severely taller donors is an independent predictor of mortality among primary and re‐transplant candidates.
Characteristics of organic material inputs affect soil microbial NO3− immobilization rates calculated using different methods
Authors: Chen Zhao‐Xiong , Zhang Hui‐Min , Tu Xiao‐Shun , Sun Xin , Wang Jing , Cheng Yi , Zhang Jin‐Bo , Cai Zu‐Cong , Chang Scott X. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicrobial immobilization of nitrate (NO3−) is considered to be an important process in reducing NO3 − accumulation and regulating nitrogen (N) retention capacity in soils. Accurately quantifying the rate of microbial NO3− immobilization is, therefore, necessary to predict its role in lowering NO3− accumulation in soils. We compared microbial NO3− immobilization rates using a 15NO3− labelling technique in three different ways: (a) 15N pool dilution, (b) organic 15N recovery and (c) microbial biomass 15N recovery, in a nitrate‐rich upland soil with and without amendment with organic materials with differing carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratios (C/N). The three methods generated similar NO3− immobilization rates, except when the soil was amended with easily decomposable organic materials (glucose and sucrose). We also developed a microbial NO3− immobilization‐specific quality index that incorporates the C/N ratio, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents and pH for slowly decomposing organic materials (plant residues). This study provides direct empirical evidence that the results of different methods for calculating soil microbial NO3− immobilization rates are affected by the characteristics of organic materials added to the soil.Highlights
Three methods for estimating microbial NO3− immobilization were compared
The methods generated similar NO3− immobilization rates when amended with plant residues
Higher NO3− immobilization when measured with 15N dilution with readily available C input
A microbial NO3− immobilization‐specific index for plant residues was developed
Posttraumatic epilepsy in intensive care unit–treated pediatric traumatic brain injury patients
Authors: Mikkonen Era D. , Skrifvars Markus B. , Reinikainen Matti , Bendel Stepani , Laitio Ruut , Hoppu Sanna , Ala‐Kokko Tero , Karppinen Atte , Raj Rahul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivePosttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a well‐described complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The majority of the available data regarding PTE stem from the adult population. Our aim was to identify the clinical and radiological risk factors associated with PTE in a pediatric TBI population treated in an intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsWe used the Finnish Intensive Care Consortium database to identify pediatric (<18 years) TBI patients treated in four academic university hospital ICUs in Finland between 2003 and 2013. Our primary outcome was the development of PTE, defined as the need for oral antiepileptic medication in patients alive at 6 months. We assessed the risk factors associated with PTE using multivariable logistic regression modeling.ResultsOf the 290 patients included in the study, 59 (20%) developed PTE. Median age was 15 years (interquartile range [IQR] 13‐17), and 80% had an admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤12. Major risk factors for developing PTE were age (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00‐1.16), obliterated suprasellar cisterns (OR 6.53, 95% CI 1.95‐21.81), and an admission GCS score of 9‐12 in comparison to a GCS score of 13‐15 (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.24‐6.69).SignificanceWe showed that PTE is a common long‐term complication after ICU‐treated pediatric TBI. Higher age, moderate injury severity, obliterated suprasellar cisterns, seizures during ICU stay, and surgical treatment are associated with an increased risk of PTE. Further studies are needed to identify strategies to decrease the risk of PTE.