bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSV-11 Grazing diverse combination of tanniferous and non-tanniferous legumes: Implications for foraging behavior, performance and hair cortisol in beef cattle
Authors: Lagrange Sebastian , MacAdam Jennifer , Villalba Juan J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We tested the effect of increasingly diverse combinations of tanniferous legumes (birdsfoot trefoil-BFT, sainfoin-SF) and alfalfa (ALF) on cattle foraging behavior, performance and hair cortisol concentration. Pairs of heifers (401 ± 49.6 kg) grazed three spatial replications of seven treatments (n = 3/treatment): monocultures (BFT, SF, ALF) and all possible 2- and 3-way choices among strips of these legumes in a completely randomized block design in two 25-d periods during 2 consecutive years. The fewest grazing events occurred in BFT (42.0% of the total scans recorded; P &lt; 0.10), with other treatments ranging between 47.8 (SF-BFT) and 52.6% (ALF-SF) of the total scans recorded. Heifers selected a varied diet, preferring SF over BFT or ALF in 46:27:27 and 70:30 ratios (3- and 2-way choice, respectively) and preferred BFT over ALF (62:38 ratio). All treatments followed similar daily grazing patterns (P &gt;0.10), with two major grazing events (1 hour after sunrise and 3 hours before sunset). No differences among treatments were observed for the number of steps taken, motion index, or percentage of time spent standing (1,600, 5,356, and 45.3%, respectively; P &gt;0.10), suggesting that heifers in choice treatments did not invest extra time in walking, searching or patch-switching activities relative to monoculture treatments. Heifers in the 3-way choice gained more BW (1.27 Kg/d) than in monocultures (1.00 kg/d; P = 0.014), or 2-way choices (0.97 kg/d; P = 0.007), suggesting nutritional synergism among legumes in the treatment of greatest diversity. No differences in hair cortisol concentration were observed among treatments, with values ranging between 1.40 (BFT) and 2.12 ng/g (3-way choice) (P &gt;0.10). Thus, forage diversity enhanced animal performance, likely driven by interactions among condensed tannins and dietary protein, without affecting hair cortisol levels or grazing efficiency, explained by the spatial arrangement (strips) of the forage species presented.
PSV-24 Use of the entry time and exit velocity as tools for the assessment of water buffalo temperament
Authors: Francisco Caroline L , Castilhos André M , da Silva Daiane C Marques , da Silva Fabiola Martinez , Aranha Aline S , Jacaúna Amanna G , Jorge Andre M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The use of the entry time, chute score, and exit velocity as tools for the assessment water buffaloes (WB) temperament were used. Seventy-five non-castrated WB (390±32 days of age; 310±61.27 kg of initial body weight) of 3 genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 25 for each GG) were used. The WB arrived at research center (-28d) and were submitted to 28 days of adaptation period to the feedlot facilities, diet, and handling. On day 0, the temperament variables were collected, namely: entry time into squeeze chute (by chronometer); chute score (5-point scale:1=calm animals; 5=very reactive animals); and, exit velocity (by infrared sensors). Subsequently, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and analyzed for serum levels of cortisol using radioimmunoassay technique; and, rectal temperature was recorded. The individual temperament score (TSc) was calculated averaging entry time score (5-point scale:1=greater time spent, and 5=less time spent), chute score, and exit velocity score (5-point scale:1=lower speed; 5=higher speed). Data were subjected to a stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) using the STEPDISC procedure in SAS. The value of P &lt; 0.01 was stipulated to consider and include the variable in the model. The respective data of the selected variables were submitted to multivariate analysis of variance using the GLM procedure in SAS. The GG were added to the model to test the possible effect. Correlation analysis was performed using CORR procedure in SAS. The SDA used three steps and selected only the entry time and exit velocity scores (Table 1). Positive correlations were verified between the TSc and cortisol (r=0.37; P = 0.02), and TSc and rectal temperature (r=0.36; P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, the entry time and exit velocity may be tools for the assessment of water buffalo temperament and their use should be tested in animals of different categories. Supported by FAPESP (#2018/25939-1; #2014/05473-7).
PSV-16 Infrared thermography technology as a promising tool for assessing temperament of water buffaloes
Authors: Francisco Caroline L , Castilhos André M , da Silva Daiane C Marques , da Silva Fabiola Martinez , Aranha Aline S , Jacaúna Amanna G , Oliveira Camila S , Jacob Vanessa R M , Cordeiro Lais G , Jorge Andre M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated the use of the infrared thermography (IT) as a tool to identify the temperament of 75 non-castrated water buffaloes (390±32 days of age; 310±61.27 kg of initial body weight) of 3 genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 25 for each GG). The animals were classified for temperament through the temperament score (TSc) obtained by the mean of the sum of the scores of the time of entry into the squeeze chute (1 to 5: 1=greater time spent for entry; 5=less time spent for entry) and the exit velocity score (1 to 5: 1=lower speed; 5=higher speed) calculated after the period of adaptation to the feedlot (d0). The animals were categorized into adequate (ADQ; TSc≤3) or excitable (EXC; TSc &gt;3) temperaments. The rectal temperature was measured and IT images were obtained (Testo 882 Thermal Imager, Testo, Inc, Germany) from regions of the chest, eye, snout, cheek, foreleg (left side), ribs, hind legs, rear area (left side), and scrotum on d0. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS, considering the GG, temperament, and the resulting interaction as fixed effects. Correlation was analyzed using the CORR procedure of SAS. There were no effects of interactions (P ≥ 0.14). ADQ animals showed lower rectal (P = 0.02) and ribs (P = 0.05) temperatures than EXC animals (Table1). Tendencies for temperament effect were detected for chest (P = 0.06) and rear area (P = 0.07). There was no effect of temperament for other variables (P = 0.19). Positive correlations were verified between the TSc and rectal (r=0.36; P &lt; 0.01), chest (r=0.35; P &lt; 0.01), and rear area (r=0.33; P &lt; 0.01) temperatures. Tendency for a positive correlation was detected between TSc and scrotum (r=0.23; P = 0.07). In conclusion, the temperament causes changes in the temperature of some body regions suggesting the IT technology may be a promising tool for assessing the temperament of water buffaloes. Supported by FAPESP (#2018/25939-1; #2014/05473-7).
PSV-7 Effects of music stimulus on behavior response, cortisol level and immunity horizontal of growing pigs
Authors: Li Jiafang , Han Qian , Zhang Runxiang , Liu Honggui , Li Xiang , Bao Jun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Enrichment environment is widely used to improve the welfare of domestic animals and satisfy their natural behavior. Music as an enriched environment can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, non-human primates and rodents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated music stimuli on the behavior, physiology and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 5-week-old hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three treatments groups of the music group (Mozart K.448, 65–70 dB), the noise group (mechanical noise, 85–90 dB) and the control group (silence, less than 40dB). During 60 days of auditory exposure, the behavioral responses, cortisol level and immune horizontal of the piglets were measured. The results showed that the active behavior of the growing pigs increased and lying behavior decreased in the music group compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The music stimulus increased tail wagging, tail in curl and playing behaviors (P &lt; 0.05). The noise stimulus increased aggressive behavior (P &lt; 0.05) but had no effect on the exploring and manipulative behaviors (P &gt; 0.05). The frequency of the event behaviors decreased with the time of auditory stimuli (P &lt; 0.05). Short-term music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than the noise and control groups (P &lt; 0.05). Long-term music stimulus increased the level of IgG, IL-2 and IFN-γ (P &lt; 0.05) and decreased the IL-4 level (P &lt; 0.05). Noise stimulus reduced the level of IgG (P &lt; 0.05) but had no effect on the level of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, music stimulus triggers the pigs to show more positive behaviors, and the short-term music stimulus can reduce the stress response, while the long-term music stimulus can enhance the immune responses in the growing pigs.
PSIII-2 Assessment of runs of homozygosity and estimates of inbreeding in three purebred turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) lines
Authors: Adams Sarah M , Derks Martijn F , Makanjuola Bayode , Wood Benjamin , Baes Christine F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are continuous stretches of homozygous genotypes in an individual that have been passed down from a common ancestor and can be used to accurately characterize genomic data. These ROH are correlated with other measures of inbreeding and have been applied to quantify individual autozygosity. The aim of this study was to detect and describe ROH in the turkey genome and estimate and compare measures of pedigree-based inbreeding coefficients (FPED) and genomic-based inbreeding coefficients estimated from ROH (FROH) and the genomic relationship matrix (FGRM). Pedigree records (n = 2,616,890) and genotypic records (n = 6,371) were available from three purebred turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) lines. Genotypic records were collected between 2013 and 2019 and were obtained using a dense single nucleotide polymorphism array (56,452 SNP). The overall mean length of detected ROH per animal was 2.87±0.29 Mb and mean number of ROH per animal was 84.87±8.79. Short ROH with lengths of 1–2 Mb long were the most abundant throughout the genome, accounting for approximately 45% of the identified segments. Mean ROH coverage differed greatly between chromosomes and lines. Across all lines, genomic derived inbreeding coefficients (FROH=0.27; FGRM=0.32) were higher than coefficients estimated from pedigree records (FPED=0.14). Ranges of correlations between FROH and FPED (0.19–0.31), FROH and FGRM (0.68–0.73), and FPED and FGRM (0.17–0.30) were estimated. Results from the current research provide a fundamental description of inbreeding in the turkey genome which is critical considering the growing concerns of the detrimental effects of increased inbreeding on fitness and health in livestock production. The knowledge gained from this study may subsequently be used to evaluate and maintain genetic diversity that is necessary for genetic improvement and minimizing inbreeding in turkey breeding programs.
PSXII-25 Isolation and identification of bovine preadipocytes and screening of miRNAs associated with adipogenesis
Authors: Yu Xiang , Fang Xibi , Yang Runjun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: In the breeding of beef cattle, the adipogenesis is a significant process to fat deposition. Thus isolating and identifying bovine preadipocytes in vitro is a basis for investigating mechanism of adipogenesis. As important transcriptional regulators, miRNAs play a pivotal role in adipogenesis. Materials and methods: Bovine preadipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous fatty tissue and induced to differentiate into adipocytes. The verification of preadipocytes and adipocytes was performed by qPCR, Oil Red O stain and triglycerides detection. Total RNAs were extracted from bovine preadipocytes and adipocytes and proceeded small-RNA sequencing. KEGG pathway analysis and GO analysis were used to screen differently expressed miRNAs associated with adipogenesis. Results: The result showed that more lipid drops in induced group were observed and stained red compared with control group. The expression levels of key genes (pparγ, c/ebpα, fabp4, fasn and leptin) associated with adipogenesis were increased. Dlk1, as a marker gene of preadipocytes, was scarcely expressed in adipocytes. The content of cellar triglycerides detected in adipocytes was significantly upgraded. 131 miRNAs were found to be highly expressed in bovine adipocytes, and 119 miRNAs were highly expressed in bovine preadipocytes. KEGG pathway analysis showed that 4.76% of the differentially expressed genes were enriched in lipid metabolism. Discussion and conclusion: Previous studies have found that some miRNAs could regulate lipid metabolism. But few studies have explored the relationship between miRNAs and adipogenesis. In our study, we characterized the miRNAs associated with adipogenesis in bovine preadipocytes. The expression profiles of 11 miRNAs verified by q-PCR, including miR-149-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-148a and miR-449a were the same to sequencing data. Based on the KEGG pathway analysis, the predicted target genes were mainly enriched in signal transduction, catabolism and lipid metabolism. This work contributes to existing knowledge by providing an understanding of bovine adipogenesis at the molecular level.
PSVIII-5 Circulating serotonin (5-HT) concentrations are associated with failure of passive transfer in 3–5 day old dairy calves
Authors: Knott Gwyneth , Weaver Samantha , Hernandez Laura , Ollivett Theresa , Cramer Catie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Calf morbidity and mortality continues to be a challenge for the dairy industry and failure of passive transfer (FPT) is associated with an increased risk of disease. Serotonin (5-HT) has recently been implicated in the dairy calf immune system, but further work is needed to investigate the precise role of 5-HT in calf health. The objective of this study was to determine if 5-HT serum concentration at 3–5 days of age was associated with FPT. Blood samples were collected from 3–5 d old dairy calves (n = 418). Blood serum was assessed for FPT (serum protein &lt; 5.5 g/dL) and analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit to determine circulating 5-HT concentrations. The mean (± SD) 5-HT concentration was 2574 (±1007) ng/mL. A logistic regression was used to determine if FPT (outcome; n = 124/418) was associated with 5-HT concentration (predictor; low &lt; 2502 ng/mL, high= ≥ 2502 ng/mL). The model controlled for sex, breed (Holstein or Jersey), colostrum type (replacer or pasteurized), and dystocia (hard pull/surgical delivery). Sex, colostrum type, breed, and dystocia were not associated with FPT (P &gt; 0.05). Calves with low serum 5-HT concentrations had a 2.7 (95% CI: 1.2–7.1) greater odds of having FPT compared to calves with high serum 5-HT concentrations (P = 0.04). Higher serum 5-HT concentrations were associated with successful passive transfer, but the causal pathway is unknown. Therefore, further investigation regarding 5-HT at different time points during calfhood should be explored as a potential way to reduce FPT in neonatal dairy calves.
PSVIII-10 Effects of Folia Betulae and Méntha piperíta extracts on microbiological and enzymatic characteristics of cattle rumen
Authors: Makaeva Ajna , Atlanderova Kseniya , Duskaev Galimzhan , Nurzhanov Baer , Rysaev Albert 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Refusal of antibiotics and a decrease in the greenhouse effect allows active study of the effectiveness of medicinal plants in order to increase the productivity of cattle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Folia Betulae (FB) and Méntha piperíta (MP) extracts (0.5 ml/kg body weight) on rumenal microbiota and fermentation characteristics against the background of control (C). They were added separately as a substrate to the diets of bulls with rumen fistula (dairy breed, 12-month, diet - 60% hay, 40% barley grain within 10 days). Fermentation parameters (CH4, volatile fatty acids, grain dry matter digestibility (DM) were analyzed daily, and microbiota of archaea and bacteria were analyzed using highly efficient 16S rRNA gene sequencing. FB and MP were prepared by grinding, extraction in a water bath (30 min, 70°C) and filtration. The results of this study showed that the formation of propionate and digestibility of DM did not differ compared to C. Methanobacteria in MP had lower values (P ≤ 0.05) compared with FB and C (less than CH4). Bacterial communities differed: Bacteroidetes predominated more in MP (P ≤ 0.05) and further in FB (P ≤ 0.05) compared with C. At the family level, Prevotellaceae dominated in MP (P ≤ 0.05), Bacteroidales in FB (P ≤ 0.05)) and Porphyromonadaceae in MP and FB (P ≤ 0.05). Firmicutes had lower values (P ≤ 0.05) in all cases compared to C, Clostridia class was lower by 6.0–8.4% (P ≤ 0.05) (due to Clostridiales and Lachnospiraceae families). This study emphasizes the potential use of herbal medicinal substances as a natural feed supplement, which can play a role in reducing methane formation and the development of gram-positive bacteria, without adverse effect to ruminal microbiota. This research was performed with financial support from the RSF (16-16-10048) and project 0761-2019-0005.
PSI-26 The Effects of Probiotics on Growth and Metabolism in Ram Lambs
Authors: Trench Alexis M , Smith Brandon I , Feyler Jenna E , Aborn Sharon L , Reed Sarah A , Zinn Steven A , Govoni Kristen E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Probiotic treatment can improve feed efficiency, increase growth, and alter blood components in small ruminants. Several commercial probiotics are available, but they vary in microorganisms resulting in different effects on growth and health. We hypothesized that Probios (Menomonie, Wisconsin) powder would increase growth, feed efficiency, and alter blood metabolites in ram lambs from 2 to 6 months of age. Twenty individually housed Shropshire ram lambs (average age 59.85 ± 2.74 days) were randomly assigned to a control or probiotic treatment group. Lambs were fed lamb concentrate (17.2% CP, 3.56 Mcal/kg) at 3.6% of their body weight and ad libitum hay (16.2% CP, 2.53 Mcal/Kg). Probios (10g) was fed once daily in concentrate of the probiotic group. Feed intake (FI) was determined daily and body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), feed:gain (F:G), and average daily gain (ADG) were determined weekly. At weeks 0 and 16, heart girth (HG) and crown-rump length (CRL) were measured and ultrasonography of back fat (BF) and loin-eye area (LEA) was performed. Blood samples were collected biweekly. Week 16 blood metabolites were determined using Food Animal Maxi Panel (Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory). Plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined at weeks 0, 6, and 16. Data were analyzed using SAS. Statistical significance was considered at P≤ 0.05. As a result of time, BW, BCS, ADG, FI, and F:G increased for all animals (P &lt; 0.0001). No effect of treatment was observed for growth, feed efficiency, or oxidative stress measurements (P ≥ 0.33). Plasma albumin concentration increased by 12.66% (P = 0.02) and magnesium concentration increased by 5.83% (P = 0.01) as a result of treatment. Treatment had no effect on other measured blood metabolites. Probios powder did not alter growth but did alter blood metabolites in these lambs. Future studies should examine more effects of Probios on metabolism in growing lambs.
PSIV-27 Peripheral complete blood cell count results in pigs are impacted by gender, sow parity, and farrowing season
Authors: Rottman Elle , Watson Alisun N , Buck Catherine , Tsai Tsungcheng , Chewning Jeffery J , Maxwell Charles V , Kegley Elizabeth B , Powell Jeremy G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Complete blood cell counts have been used as a diagnostic tool across many animal species including swine. To investigate the factors that cause variation in complete blood cell count results, a total of 2,284 whole blood samples were collected from 2012 to 2019 in preweaning piglets (n = 518), nursery pigs (n = 1,704), and grower pigs (n = 60). Whole blood was collected into K2EDTA blood collection tubes and assayed using an automatic hematologic analyzer within 6 hours of collection. Data were analyzed by Mixed procedure of SAS with gender, parity group, and farrowing season as fixed effects. Body weight and age of pigs served as covariances. Farrowing season was grouped into summer (born during May to October) or winter (or November to April). Pigs that were born from first, second, and third parity, and four and above parity sows were assorted into parity group 1, 2 to 3, and 4+, respectively. Barrows had a greater concentration of total white blood cells (P &lt; 0.01), lymphocytes (P &lt; 0.01), and neutrophils (P &lt; 0.01) compared to gilts. Barrows had lower mean corpuscular volume (P = 0.03), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P &lt; 0.01), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.02) compared to gilts. Pigs that were farrowed in the winter season had a greater concentration of white blood cells (P = 0.01), neutrophils (P = 0.01), and the percentage of neutrophils (P = 0.03), but were lower in the percentage of lymphocytes (P = 0.03) compared to pigs farrowed during summer. Pigs born to parity four and above sows obtained a greater lymphocyte count (P = 0.01), percentage of neutrophils (P = 0.02), and percentage of lymphocytes (P = 0.01). We concluded that peripheral complete blood cells count results were affected by gender, farrowing season, and sow parity.
PSVII-24 Weight at maturity of water buffaloes determined by body chemical composition
Authors: Aranha Aline S , Castilhos André M , Francisco Caroline L , da Silva Daiane C Marques , Jacaúna Amanna G , Meirelles Paulo R L , Jorge Andre M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study determined the weight at maturity (WM) of water buffaloes of three genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah) slaughtered at different weights (420, 480, and 540 kg). One-hundred-fifty-three non-castrated male (means of initial body weight and age of 314 ±117 kg and 390 ±32 days, respectively) from two similar experiments were used. The animals were slaughtered and the non-carcass components of each animal were weighed to obtain the empty body weight (EBW). The left half-carcasses were dissected into muscle, fat, and bone. Each tissue of each animal was ground separately and subsequently aliquoted for further analyses. The determination of moisture, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and ash was performed by the classical method. Nonlinear regressions were used to predict the body composition of water, CP and ash. An exponential model was used to adjust the data for the content of the EE. Random coefficient models were used to identify fixed and random effects using the NLMIXED procedure in SAS. The genetic group was tested as fixed effect and year as a random effect. Body CP was determined based on CP fat-free dry matter (CPFFDM). The equations predicted the body composition of CP, EE, water and ash, and the results were expressed as a percentage of the EBW. WM was estimated when the non-significant increase in CPFFDM was no longer observed. There was effect of GG for WM model (P = 0.037), thus the WM was determined for each GG. The models suggest that Jafarabadi reach maturity at ~505.93kg of EBW [WMCPFFDM=79.279×(1–1.17×e-0.010×EBW)]; Mediterranean reach maturity at ~494.40kg of EBW [WMCPFFDM=79.186×(1–1.18×e-0.011×EBW)]; Murrah reach maturity at ~423.79kg of EBW [WMCPFFDM=78.793×(1–11.99×e-0.018×EBW)]. In conclusion, the WM of water buffaloes is dependent on the GG reaching 505.93, 494.90, 423.79 kg of EBW for the Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah genetic groups, respectively.