bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXII-20 Whole flint corn grain or tropical grass hay free choice in the diet of milk-fed dairy calves
Authors: Toledo Ariany , Poczynek Milaine , Silva Ana Paula , Cezar Amanda , Dondé Sophia , Reis Maria Eduarda , Polizel Daniel M , Bittar Carla Maris M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of whole flint corn grain or tropical grass hay free choice, as a fiber source in the diet, on the performance, ruminal and intestinal development of Holstein dairy calves. Forty-two Holstein calves were used in a randomized block design, considering sex, birth date and weight at 21 days of age (48.7 ± 0.82 kg), when the study started. Three solid diets were compared: 1) SC: starter concentrate only (24% CP, 14% NDF, 47% NFC); 2) SCH: starter concentrate, with free access to chopped Tifton-85 hay; and 3) SCW: starter concentrate with free access to whole flint corn grain. Animals were fed with 6 L/d until d 21, and then 4L/d of whole milk until gradual weaning at d 56. At weaning, 12 animals were randomly selected to be slaughtered to evaluate the weight of forestomach compartments and rumen and intestine morphometrics. Data were analyzed using the GLM or MIXED (repeated measures) procedure of SAS, and the means were compared using Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). The SCH diet increased the total DMI (P = 0.01) and ADG (P = 0.01). Calves fed with SCH diet presented higher total proximal digestive tract weight (kg; P &lt; 0.01). The empty reticulum-rumen weight was higher in calves fed the SCH diet (P = 0.03). The papillae area was higher in calves fed with SCH diet (P = 0.05). The depth of the crypts and the number of goblet cells from the duodenum and cecum were not affected by diets; however, the duodenum villus height was higher for animals that received SCH (P = 0.02). The tropical grass hay supplementation in the diet improved performance, ruminal and intestinal development. The whole flint corn grain do not play a fiber role for dairy calves.
PSXII-3 Rumen microbiome from beef steers undergoing grain adaptation with steam-flaked corn varying in bulk density
Authors: Nardi Kaue Tonelli , Silva Kaliu G Scaranto , Favero Igor Gomes , Hinds Jordan K , Hoffmann Carly A , Soto Samantha M , Hall Nathaniel , Henry Darren D , Sarturi Jhones Onorino 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The effects of steam-flaked corn bulk density during grain adaptation phase on ruminal microbiome were evaluated. Crossbred-Angus ruminally cannulated steers (n = 6; BW = 405 ± 42 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design (block = body weight) to 1 of 2 grain adaptation strategies: 1) steam-flaked corn (SFC) bulk density of 335 g/L; and 2) 412 g/L. Steers were ad libitum fed, individually, during 6-7d phases, consisting of: HAY, followed by the STEP-UP1 through STEP-UP4, diets, respectively, in which roughage was gradually replaced with grain until FINISHER diet was fed. Respective SFC bulk densities were fed throughout STEP-UP diets, while the FINISHER diet consisted of 335 g/L strategy only for both groups. Ruminal fluid samples (100 mL) were collected on d-5 of each step, at 6h post-feeding for DNA extraction. Microbiome data were sequenced by Illumnia® NovaSeq™ 6000 (16S rRNA). The SFC bulk density did not affect (P &gt; 0.50) the relative abundance (RA) for any taxonomy classification. Regardless of SFC bulk density, inclusion of grain throughout adaptation phases affected domain (P ≤ 0.03) when initial phases were compared to FINISHER. Phylum RA were affected (P ≤ 0.05) for Actinobacteria (27%), Bacteroidetes (11%), and Euryarchaeota (2%). Within Class RA were affected (P ≤ 0.04) for Clostridia (46%), Actinobacteria (27%), and Bacilli (5%). Order effects on RA were observed (P ≤ 0.04) for Clostridiales (45%), Coriobacteriales (25%), and Lactobacillales (4%). Within Family RA was affected (P ≤ 0.03) for Coriobacteriaceae (25%), Lachnospiraceae (27%), Ruminococcaceae (6%), and Lactobacillaceae (4%), while a tendency (P = 0.09) was observed for Veillonellaceae (1%). In Genus, RA was affected (P ≤ 0.01) for Olsenela (22%), Pediococcus (3%), and Butyrivibrio (3%). As steers advance through subsequent grain adaptation phases until the FINISHER, more meaningful ruminal microbiome changes are observed than SFC density change.
PSVII-28 Program Chair Poster Pick: Effects of SMAD6 and SUGCT genes on Litter traits in pigs
Authors: Getmantseva Lyubov , Bakoev Siroj , Shevtsova Varvara , Bakoev Nekruz , Bardukov Nikolay 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the main goals in the swine industry is a finding of significant SNPs associated with Litter traits. Therefore, SNPs localized in SMAD6 (g.164674664G &gt;A) and SUGCT (g.53672799A &gt;G) genes are of great interest. The purpose of this work is optimizing the SNPs genotyping for real-time PCR technology and detection additive and dominant effects on Litter Traits. The research was conducted on Large White breed sows (n = 400). Total number born (TNB), Total number born alive (NBA), Litter weight, piglets born alive (BALWT) were estimated. Associative analysis was performed using the Linear mixed model (LMM) procedure in the R (coded additive effect 0, 1, 2 and dominant effect 0, 1, 0). For the Real-time PCR genotyping we used the TaqMan method, based on the 5`nuclease activity of Taq polymerase, which detaches nucleotides from oligonucleotide probes hybridized with DNA. Two TaqMan probes with different polymorphic sites are needed. These probes have different fluorescent dyes at the 5’ end and fluorescence dampers at the 3’ end. The primers for SNP_g.164674664G &gt;A genotyping: R6G-TGGTCCCCGGGACAGGC-BHQ-1; FAM-TGGTTCCCGGGACAGGC-BHQ-1; F5’-CAAGGTCAGACAAAGGGACTGC-3’; R5’-ACTGTATGTAAAGCATGGTGTAAGC-3’ The primers for SNP_g.53672799A &gt;G genotyping: FAM-CTTCAGCATCTGAACAGAACA-BHQ-1 R6G-CTTCAGCGTCTGAACAGAACA-BHQ-1 F5’-GGAACTGCTATCTGTTTCATTTCTT-3’ R5’-GGAGCTCAAATCCCAGTATTGC-3’. The additive and dominant effects of SNP_g.164674664G &gt;A on Litter weight are determined. Litter weight were 1.8 (12.6%, P &lt; 0.05) and 1.1 (7.7%, P &lt; 0.05) higher in sows of SNP_g.164674664_AA and SNP_g.164674664_AG genotypes respectively. The negative dominant effect SNP_g.53672799_AG is found for TNB and BALWT (Table). Homozygous sows comparing to heterozygous, have higher TNB and BALWT by 0.7 (4.7%, P ≤ 0.05) and 1.0 (7.4%, P ≤ 0.05), respectively. The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-016-00050-A.
COVID-19 and Wildlife Farming in China: Legislating to Protect Wild Animal Health and Welfare in the Wake of a Global Pandemic
Authors: Whitfort Amanda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exposed serious deficiencies in the current legal framework to protect wild animal health, and consequently human health. As noted by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), animal health and welfare are inextricably linked. However, there is no international agreement to promote animal welfare and neither the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora nor the Convention on Biological Diversity, adequately address the welfare of the species they seek to conserve. While the OIE provides guidance on animal health and welfare standards for common agricultural species, it has provided limited guidance for the farming of wild species. China’s wildlife farming industry has been linked with the spread of COVID-19 but, to date, China has introduced few national welfare controls to protect the health of wild animals bred for human consumption. In the wake of COVID-19, these omissions must be remedied to provide appropriate safeguards to ensure animal health and welfare and protect public health.
In Search of Benzodiazepine Guidelines
Authors: LeQuang Jo Ann 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Benzodiazepines are widely prescribed and used, but there is a paucity of guidance about their use. There are indications for benzodiazepine use, but they are often inappropriately prescribed (such as for posttraumatic stress disorder and bipolar disorder)/ Benzodiazepines are indicated for short-term use only and should not be continued beyond two to four weeks. Although benzodiazepines are indicated for treating insomnia, insomnia tends to be a chronic condition; benzodiazepines are not appropriate for long-term use. Discontinuing benzodiazepines can be challenging and should be accomplished using a shared decision-making model, a tapering plan, and good clinical support throughout.
Estimating fast transient detection pipeline efficiencies at UTMOST via real-time injection of mock FRBs
Authors: Gupta V , Flynn C , Farah W , Jameson A , Venkatraman Krishnan V , Bailes M , Bateman T , Deller A T , Mandlik A , Sutherland A 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Dedicated surveys using different detection pipelines are being carried out at multiple observatories to find more fast radio bursts (FRBs). Understanding the efficiency of detection algorithms and the survey completeness function is important to enable unbiased estimation of the underlying FRB population properties. One method to achieve end-to-end testing of the system is by injecting mock FRBs in the live data stream and searching for them blindly. Mock FRB injection is particularly effective for machine-learning-based classifiers, for which analytic characterization is impractical. We describe a first-of-its-kind implementation of a real-time mock FRB injection system at the upgraded Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (UTMOST) and present our results for a set of 20 000 mock FRB injections. The injections have yielded clear insight into the detection efficiencies and have provided a survey completeness function for pulse width, fluence, and dispersion measure (DM). Mock FRBs are recovered with uniform efficiency over the full range of injected DMs; however, the recovery fraction is found to be a strong function of the width and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For low widths (≲20 ms) and high SNR (≳9) the recovery is highly effective with recovery fractions exceeding 90 per cent. We find that the presence of radio-frequency interference causes the recovered SNR values to be systematically lower by up to 20 per cent compared to the injected values. We find that wider FRBs become increasingly hard to recover for the machine-learning-based classifier employed at UTMOST. We encourage other observatories to implement live injection set-ups for similar testing of their surveys.
Determination of the superoutburst cycle lengths of 206 SU UMa-type dwarf novae
Authors: Vogt N , Puebla E C , Contreras-Quijada A 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
SU UMa stars are characterized by ‘superoutbursts’, which are brighter at maximum light and which last much longer than the more frequent ‘ordinary’ outbursts of these dwarf novae. Although there are now more than 1180 SU UMa-type dwarf novae catalogued, our knowledge on their superoutburst cycle length Cso has hitherto been limited to about 6 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the entire sample of known SU UMa stars. Using public data bases we have determined new Cso values for a total of 206 additional SU UMa stars in the range 17 d &lt; Cso &lt; 4590 d (including some ER UMa and WZ Sge-type representants) within total time intervals between 2 and 57 yr, and with an estimated uncertainty of $\pm 11{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. This way, we are increasing our present knowledge of Cso values by a factor of ∼3.8. Their distribution is characterized by a broad maximum around Cso ≈ 270 d, and slowly decreasing numbers up to Cso ≈ 800 d. The domain Cso &gt; 450 d was unexplored until now; we add here 106 cases ($\sim \! 51{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of our total sample) in this range of long cycles, implying a better statistical basis for future studies of their distribution. Our sample contains 16 known WZ Sge stars, and we propose WZ Sge membership for five others hitherto classified as ordinary SU UMa stars. Individual superoutburst timings deviate on average by about $\pm 7{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the cycle length from their overall linear ephemeris, confirming the pronounced quasi-periodic repeatability of superoutbursts. All relevant parameters are listed with their errors, and a table with individual superoutburst epochs of our targets is given, enabling future researchers to combine our results with other (past or future) observations.
Searching for gravitational-wave bursts from cosmic string cusps with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array
Authors: Yonemaru N , Kuroyanagi S , Hobbs G , Takahashi K , Zhu X-J , Coles W A , Dai S , Howard E , Manchester R , Reardon D , Russell C , M Shannon R , Thyagarajan N , Spiewak R , Wang J-B 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Cosmic strings are potential gravitational-wave (GW) sources that can be probed by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). In this work we develop a detection algorithm for a GW burst from a cusp on a cosmic string, and apply it to Parkes PTA data. We find four events with a false alarm probability less than 1 per cent. However further investigation shows that all of these are likely to be spurious. As there are no convincing detections we place upper limits on the GW amplitude for different event durations. From these bounds we place limits on the cosmic string tension of Gμ ∼ 10−5, and highlight that this bound is independent from those obtained using other techniques. We discuss the physical implications of our results and the prospect of probing cosmic strings in the era of Square Kilometre Array.
Multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock radiative parameters for emission lines in Ce ii–ivions and cerium opacity calculations for kilonovae
Authors: Carvajal Gallego H , Palmeri P , Quinet P 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTLarge-scale calculations of atomic structures and radiative properties have been carried out for singly, doubly, and trebly ionized cerium. For this purpose, the purely relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) method was used, taking into account the effects of valence–valence and core–valence electronic correlations in detail. The results obtained were then used to calculate the expansion opacities characterizing the kilonovae observed as a result of neutron star mergers. Comparisons with previously published experimental and theoretical studies have shown that the results presented in this work are the most complete currently available, in terms of quantity and quality, concerning the atomic data and monochromatic opacities for Ce ii, Ce iii, and Ce iv ions.
Gaussian process foreground subtraction and power spectrum estimation for 21 cm cosmology
Authors: Kern Nicholas S , Liu Adrian 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
One of the primary challenges in enabling the scientific potential of 21 cm intensity mapping at the epoch of reionization (EoR) is the separation of astrophysical foreground contamination. Recent works have claimed that Gaussian process regression (GPR) can robustly perform this separation, particularly at low Fourier k wavenumbers where the EoR signal reaches its peak signal-to-noise ratio. We revisit this topic by casting GPR foreground subtraction (GPR-FS) into the quadratic estimator formalism, thereby putting its statistical properties on stronger theoretical footing. We find that GPR-FS can distort the window functions at these low k modes, which, without proper decorrelation, make it difficult to probe the EoR power spectrum. Incidentally, we also show that GPR-FS is in fact closely related to the widely studied inverse covariance weighting of the optimal quadratic estimator. As a case study, we look at recent power spectrum upper limits from the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) that utilized GPR-FS. We pay close attention to their normalization scheme, showing that it is particularly sensitive to signal loss when the EoR covariance is misestimated. This has possible ramifications for recent astrophysical interpretations of the LOFAR limits, because many of the EoR models ruled out do not fall within the bounds of the covariance models explored by LOFAR. Being more robust to this bias, we conclude that the quadratic estimator is a more natural framework for implementing GPR-FS and computing the 21 cm power spectrum.
The Surgical Autonomy Program: A Pilot Study of Social Learning Theory Applied to Competency-Based Neurosurgical Education
Authors: Haglund Michael M , Cutler Andrew B , Suarez Alexander , Dharmapurikar Rajeev , Lad Shivanand P , McDaniel Katherine E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Over the last decade, strict duty hour policies, pressure for increased work related value units from faculty, and the apprenticeship model of education have coalesced to make opportunities for intraoperative teaching more challenging. Evidence is emerging that graduating residents are not exhibiting competence by failing to recognize major complications, and perform routine operations independently. In this pilot study, we combine Vygotsky's social learning theory with a modified version of the competency-based scale called TAGS to study 1 single operation, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, with 3 individual residents taught by a single faculty member. In order for the 3 residents to achieve “Solo and Observe” in all 4 zones of proximal development, the number of cases required was 10 cases for postgraduate year (PGY)-3a, 19 cases for PGY 3b, and 22 cases for the PGY 2. In this pilot study, the time required to complete an independent 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion by the residents correlated with the number of cases to reach competence. We demonstrate the Surgical Autonomy Program's ability to track neurosurgical resident's educational progress and the feasibility of using the Surgical Autonomy Program (SAP) to teach residents in the operating room and provide immediate formative feedback. Ultimately, the SAP represents a paradigm shift towards a modern, scalable competency-focused subspecialty teaching, evaluation and assessment tool that provides increases in resident's autonomy and metacognitive skills, as well as immediate formative feedback.
Anterior Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis for Humeral Shaft Fractures Is Safer Than Open Reduction Internal Fixation: A Matched Case-Controlled Comparison
Authors: Randell Matthew , Glatt Vaida , Stabler Annabelle , Bussoletti Timothy , Hohmann Erik , Tetsworth Kevin 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
Compare anterior minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) to open reduction/internal fixation (ORIF) for humeral shaft fractures, assessing complications and clinical outcomes.

Design:
Retrospective matched case-controlled cohort.

Setting:
Tertiary referral trauma centre.

Patients/Participants:
Humeral shaft fractures identified retrospectively over 5 years; 31 were treated by MIPO and 54 by ORIF. Matched-case cohort assembled according to fracture pattern, sex, age, and comorbidities, with 56 total patients (28 per group).

Interventions:
MIPO and ORIF.

Main Outcome Measures:
Complication rate was the primary outcome (radial nerve injury, nonunion, infection, and reoperation). Radiographic alignment and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score were secondary outcomes.

Results:
Cumulative complication rates were 3.6% after anterior MIPO and 35.7% after ORIF (P = 0.0004). The only complication after anterior MIPO was a nonunion, managed with revision ORIF and bone graft. The ORIF group had 10 complications, including 5 superficial infections, 4 iatrogenic radial nerve injuries, and 1 nonunion. The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score after MIPO was 17.0 ± 18.0 and after ORIF was 24.9 ± 19.5. The mean coronal plane angulation after MIPO was 1.8 ± 1.3 degrees and after ORIF was 1.0 ± 1.2 degrees. The mean sagittal plane angulation after MIPO was 3.0 ± 2.9 degrees and after ORIF was 1.0 ± 1.2 degrees.

Conclusions:
The cumulative complication rate was 10 times higher after ORIF of humeral shaft fractures compared with the MIPO technique. MIPO achieved nearly equivalent radiographic alignment, with no clinically meaningful differences observed. MIPO is the safer option and should be considered for patients with humeral shaft fractures that would benefit from surgical intervention.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Incidence of Propofol-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia and Identification of Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Corrado Michael J. , Kovacevic Mary P. , Dube Kevin M. , Lupi Kenneth E. , Szumita Paul M , DeGrado Jeremy R. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of propofol-induced hypertriglyceridemia and the risk factors associated with hypertriglyceridemia in mechanically ventilated ICU patients while receiving propofol.

Design:
This was a single-center case-control study.

Setting:
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, a tertiary academic medical center in Boston, MA.

Subjects:
Adult ICU patients who received continuous infusion propofol for at least 24 hours from May 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, were included. Patients were excluded if they were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis upon admission or did not have any serum triglyceride levels evaluated during propofol administration.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The major outcome was the incidence and risk factors associated with the development of propofol-induced hypertriglyceridemia, defined as triglyceride level greater than or equal to 400 mg/dL. Minor outcomes included the prevalence of acute pancreatitis. A hybrid multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relation between individual risk factors and the dependent variable of hypertriglyceridemia. During the study period, 552 patients were evaluated for inclusion, of which 136 were included in the final analysis. A total of 38 patients (27.9%) developed hypertriglyceridemia with a median time to hypertriglyceridemia of 47 hours. The only significant independent risk factor for development of hypertriglyceridemia identified was the cumulative propofol dose (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08; p = 0.016). Two of the 38 hypertriglyceridemia patients (5.3%) were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis.

Conclusions:
In our analysis, approximately one third of patients developed hypertriglyceridemia with cumulative propofol dose identified as a significant predictor of the development of hypertriglyceridemia. Despite a high incidence of hypertriglyceridemia, a significant number of patients continued propofol therapy, and a relatively low prevalence of pancreatitis was observed. Future analyses are warranted to further investigate these results.