Unconventional Resources Gas Operation Optimization Efforts
Authors: AL Qahtani Faisal , AL Traiki Mohammed , Bergas Maged 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Unconventional Resources (UR) are developing an upstream gathering network, a Gas Separation Plant (GSP), and transmission pipelines for a shale gas development project, based in the eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The aim of these facilities is to produce nonassociated gas from several unconventional fields with minimum treatment, prior to transmitting both gas and condensate to existing facilities for further treatment. Uncertainties in subsurface and reservoir data for shale gas fields is one of the most challenging aspects of designing surface processing facilities, due to the varied behavior and properties of the production fluids, including rapid depletion in well pressure, Water Gas Ratio (WGR), and Condensate Gas Ratio (CGR). The intent is to design efficient, cost-effective facilities, which can accommodate the expected operating envelope throughout early-life, mid-life and end-life of the facilities.
This abstract will focus primarily on three optimization areas already implemented in the facilities design: (i) Gas gathering system. (ii) Dehydration and propane refrigeration. (iii) Off-gas system.
The gas gathering system has been designed to be operated in three separate phases: (i) Early Life; (ii) Mid Life; and (iii) Late Life, as the well pressures naturally decline. The selected configuration, compares with other facility designs which incorporates separate High Pressure (HP) and Low Pressure (LP) gathering systems. However, in order to minimize CAPEX, the facility has been designed in a flexible arrangement to be operated over the three different phases. Therefore, the operating pressure will be reduced and the wells choked back accordingly.
Tri-ethylene Glycol (TEG) Dehydration unit design has been optimized in the GSP by pre-cooling the process gas upstream of the unit. A small propane refrigeration system was used to chill the upstream process gas. The system reduces the TEG Regeneration equipment sizes, heating duties, and minimizes TEG losses. In addition to that, the propane refrigeration system has been further optimized by utilizing a gas-gas Heat Exchanger (HEX) upstream of the chillers to reduce the required cooling duty.
The GSP design includes an off-gas collection system which recompresses Low Pressure (LP) vent streams and recycles them back into the main process gas stream, avoiding the requirement for a LP Flare system. During the Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) stage of the project, the outlet of the off-gas system was routed to the gas transmission pipeline, to comingle with the dry gas from the TEG system. During the project EPC stage, the off-gas system was optimized by re-routing the off-gas to the Medium Pressure (MP) Separator where it is recycled back into the process. This optimization decreases the required off-gas compressor discharge pressure with associated CAPEX and OPEX reduction. Additionally, liquids separated within the off-gas system are also recycled back to the MP Separator instead of a closed drain system, which avoids venting gas that contains concentrated Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX).
This unconventional gas development project will be developed over several phases, and this facility is part of Phase 1 development.