bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review on Cost-effectiveness Analyses of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Immunosuppressive to Anti-TNF Therapy
Authors: Yao Jiaqi , Jiang Xinchan , You Joyce H S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
There is a growing body of primary evidence on the cost-effectiveness of applying therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management with various drug therapies and strategies.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on model-based cost-effectiveness analyses of applying TDM for IBD management.

Methods
Literature search was conducted (up to October 2019) in Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL Complete, and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Studies published in the English language that met inclusion criteria were included: (1) patients with IBD, (2) TDM-based treatment was compared with a comparator, (3) types of analysis were cost-benefit, cost-consequence, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, or cost analysis, and (4) analyses conducted by model-based evaluation. The study quality was assessed using Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards.

Results
Six studies on drug monitoring for IBD patients (1 azathioprine and 5 infliximab) published in 2005 to 2019 were included. All studies targeted on patients with Crohn’s disease and reported TDM strategies to save cost when comparing with standard care. Four analyses evaluated both economic and clinical outcomes. Three analyses found the TDM strategies (for treatment initiation, advancement of therapy, or proactive monitoring) to improve clinical outcomes. One study found TDM strategies (reflex testing and concurrent testing) to gain lower quality-adjusted life years than standard care. Four of six (66.7%) studies achieved good to excellent rankings in quality assessment.

Conclusions
Compared with standard treatment without TDM, the TDM-guided strategies were consistently found to be cost-saving or cost-effective.
Relationship of vancomycin trough levels with acute kidney injury risk: an exposure–toxicity meta-analysis
Authors: Bellos Ioannis , Daskalakis Georgios , Pergialiotis Vasilios 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesNephrotoxicity represents a major complication of vancomycin administration, leading to high rates of morbidity and treatment failure. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between trough levels and risk of renal impairment, by defining an exposure–toxicity relationship and assessing its accuracy in predicting the development of acute kidney injury (AKI).MethodsMedline, Scopus, CENTRAL, Clinicaltrials.gov and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched from inception. Studies examining the effects of trough levels on nephrotoxicity risk in adult patients were deemed eligible.ResultsThe meta-analysis was based on 60 studies, including 13 304 patients. The development of AKI was significantly linked to both higher initial [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.82; 95% CI: 0.65–0.98] and maximum (SMD: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.82–1.29) trough levels. Dose–response analysis indicated a curvilinear relationship between trough levels and nephrotoxicity risk (χ2 = 127.1; P value &lt; 0.0001). A cut-off of 15 mg/L detected AKI with a sensitivity of 62.6% (95% CI: 55.6–69.2) and a specificity of 65.5% (95% CI: 58.9–71.6), while applying a 20 mg/L threshold resulted in a sensitivity of 42.9% (95% CI: 34–52.2) and a specificity of 82.5% (95% CI: 73.9–88.8).ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that the development of vancomycin-induced AKI is significantly associated with higher initial and maximum trough levels. An exposure–response relationship was defined, indicating that increasing trough levels correlate with a significant rise of nephrotoxicity risk. Future studies should verify the effectiveness of individualized pharmacokinetic tools that would enable the attainment of trough level targets and minimize the risk of renal toxicity.
Diet complexity and l-threonine supplementation: effects on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen and energy balance, and body composition in nursery pigs
Authors: Koo Bonjin , Lee Jinyoung , Nyachoti Charles Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary complexity and l-Thr supplementation on energy and nutrient utilization in nursery pigs. Thirty-two nursery pigs (7.23 ± 0.48 kg) were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement based on diet complexity (complex vs. simple) with different levels of l-Thr supplementation. The complex diet contained animal protein sources (e.g., fish meal and plasma) and a dairy product (e.g., dried whey) to mimic a conventional nursery diet. The simple diet was formulated with corn, wheat, and soybean meal. Both diets were supplemented with l-Thr to contain either 100% or 115% (SUP Thr) of the estimated standardized ileal digestible Thr requirement for 9 kg body weight pigs (NRC, 2012). The pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates and fed an experimental diet ad libitum for a 7-d adaptation period and 5 d of total but separate urine and fecal collection. On day 14, all pigs were euthanized to determine body composition. The diet complexity, l-Thr supplementation, and their interactions were considered main effects. Pigs fed the complex diet tended to exhibit greater (P &lt; 0.10) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of ash and urinary energy output than those fed the simple diet. The complex diet had greater (P &lt; 0.05) digestible energy and net energy contents than the simple diet. Furthermore, the complex diet-fed pigs had lower (P &lt; 0.05) plasma urea nitrogen concentration on day 14 than simple diet-fed pigs. The SUP Thr decreased (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of acid detergent fiber but trended (P &lt; 0.10) toward a decrease in urinary nitrogen (N) output and an increase in N retention and body N mass. In conclusion, the simple diet for nursery pigs had lower digestible and net energy contents than a complex diet. The SUP Thr can improve N utilization and body protein deposition, irrespective of diet complexity.
How do house prices respond to mortgage supply?
Authors: Barone Guglielmo , David Francesco , de Blasio Guido , Mocetti Sauro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We examine the impact of household mortgages on house prices. Using biannual data on Italian cities in the period 2003–2015, we build an exogenous and fully data-driven indicator of mortgage supply stance and use it as instrument for actual extended mortgages. Our results indicate that mortgages have a positive and significant causal effect on house prices, with an estimated elasticity of around 0.1. The estimated effect is larger during the expansionary phase of the housing cycle. We also find evidence of significant spatial heterogeneity: mortgages push real estate values more in cities where the housing supply curve is less elastic or households are more dependent on external finance.
Personalized Cancer Follow-Up Care Pathways: A Delphi Consensus of Research Priorities
Authors: Leach Corinne R , Alfano Catherine M , Potts Jessica , Gallicchio Lisa , Yabroff K Robin , Oeffinger Kevin C , Hahn Erin E , Shulman Lawrence N , Hudson Shawna V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Development of personalized, stratified follow-up care pathways where care intensity and setting vary with needs could improve cancer survivor outcomes and efficiency of health-care delivery. Advancing such an approach in the United States requires identification and prioritization of the most pressing research and data needed to create and implement personalized care pathway models. Cancer survivorship research and care experts (n = 39) participated in an in-person workshop on this topic in 2018. Using a modified Delphi technique—a structured, validated system for identifying consensus—an expert panel identified critical research questions related to operationalizing personalized, stratified follow-up care pathways for individuals diagnosed with cancer. Consensus for the top priority research questions was achieved iteratively through 3 rounds: item generation, item consolidation, and selection of the final list of priority research questions. From the 28 research questions that were generated, 11 research priority questions were identified. The questions were categorized into 4 priority themes: determining outcome measures for new care pathways, developing and evaluating new care pathways, incentivizing new care pathway delivery, and providing technology and infrastructure to support self-management. Existing data sources to begin answering questions were also identified. Although existing data sources, including cancer registry, electronic medical record, and health insurance claims data, can be enhanced to begin addressing some questions, additional research resources are needed to address these priority questions.
The Discursive Construction of Facts in International Adjudication
Authors: Bernardino Ana Luísa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article challenges the view according to which adjudicators’ ‘descriptions’ of the facts of a case are carbon copies of a reality that is independent of them. It presents a critical examination of how international judicial discourse constructs a dispute’s factual background and focuses on the question of knowing what judges do when they lay down the facts of the case. Drawing on pragmatist philosophy, this article argues that, more than a mere description, statements on the factual background of a dispute are an endorsement or commitment to a given claim. It does so through an analysis of different ways in which facts are constructed in international adjudication, showing how facts are theory-laden, always based on non-negligible selections and distinctions, and rely on a given narrative for their cogency.
Rare case of adhesive large bowel obstruction in acute burn patient: management of open abdomen with ABTHERA ADVANCE™ Open Abdomen Dressing†
Authors: Huang Yao C , Vujcich Elizabeth , Brown Jason 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Large bowel obstructions (LBO) are rarely caused by adhesions. Surgical management of this condition may require an open approach but closure may not always be possible. There are many temporizing measures in clinical use; however, the ABTHERA ADVANCE™ Open Abdomen Dressing has demonstrated significantly improved outcomes compared to other negative pressure wound therapy dressings. There are few cases in the literature documenting adhesive LBO and none in an acutely unwell burn patient whose abdomen subsequently required the ABTHERA ADVANCE™ Open Abdomen Dressing. We emphasize the importance of considering adhesive LBO as a differential in bowel obstruction and highlight a novel but effective way of managing it in our unique case.
Zika among international travellers presenting to GeoSentinel sites, 2012–2019: implications for clinical practice
Authors: Angelo Kristina M , Stoney Rhett J , Brun-Cottan Gaelle , Leder Karin , Grobusch Martin P , Hochberg Natasha , Kuhn Susan , Bottieau Emmanuel , Schlagenhauf Patricia , Chen Lin , Hynes Noreen A , Perez Cecilia Perret , Mockenhaupt Frank P , Molina Israel , Crespillo-Andújar Clara , Malvy Denis , Caumes Eric , Plourde Pierre , Shaw Marc , McCarthy Anne E , Piper-Jenks Nancy , Connor Bradley A , Hamer Davidson H , Wilder-Smith Annelies 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Introduction
International travellers contribute to the rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its sentinel identification globally. We describe ZIKV infections among international travellers seen at GeoSentinel sites with a focus on ZIKV acquired in the Americas and the Caribbean, describe countries of exposure and traveller characteristics, and assess ZIKV diagnostic testing by site.

Methods
Records with an international travel-related diagnosis of confirmed or probable ZIKV from January 2012 through December 2019 reported to GeoSentinel with a recorded illness onset date were included to show reported cases over time. Records from March 2016 through December 2019 with an exposure region of the Americas or the Caribbean were included in the descriptive analysis. A survey was conducted to assess the availability, accessibility and utilization of ZIKV diagnostic tests at GeoSentinel sites.

Results
GeoSentinel sites reported 525 ZIKV cases from 2012 through 2019. Between 2012 and 2014, eight cases were reported, and all were acquired in Asia or Oceania. After 2014, most cases were acquired in the Americas or the Caribbean, a large decline in ZIKV cases occurred in 2018–19.
Between March 2016 and December 2019, 423 patients acquired ZIKV in the Americas or the Caribbean, peak reporting to these regions occurred in 2016 [330 cases (78%)]. The median age was 36 years (range: 3–92); 63% were female. The most frequent region of exposure was the Caribbean (60%). Thirteen travellers were pregnant during or after travel; one had a sexually acquired ZIKV infection. There was one case of fetal anomaly and two travellers with Guillain-Barré syndrome. GeoSentinel sites reported various challenges to diagnose ZIKV effectively.

Conclusion
ZIKV should remain a consideration for travellers returning from areas with risk of ZIKV transmission. Travellers should discuss their travel plans with their healthcare providers to ensure ZIKV prevention measures are taken.
The spectral impact of magnetic activity on disc-integrated HARPS-N solar observations: exploring new activity indicators
Authors: Thompson A P G , Watson C A , Haywood R D , Costes J C , de Mooij E , Collier Cameron A , Dumusque X , Phillips D F , Saar S H , Mortier A , Milbourne T W , Aigrain S , Cegla H M , Charbonneau D , Cosentino R , Ghedina A , Latham D W , López-Morales M , Micela G , Molinari E , Poretti E , Sozzetti A , Thompson S , Walsworth R 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Stellar activity is the major roadblock on the path to finding true Earth-analogue planets with the Doppler technique. Thus, identifying new indicators that better trace magnetic activity (i.e. faculae and spots) is crucial to aid in disentangling these signals from that of a planet’s Doppler wobble. In this work, we investigate activity related features as seen in disc-integrated spectra from the HARPS-N solar telescope. We divide high-activity spectral echelle orders by low-activity master templates (as defined using both $\log {R^{\prime }_{HK}}$ and images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, SDO), creating ‘relative spectra’. With resolved images of the surface of the Sun (via SDO), the faculae and spot filling factors can be calculated, giving a measure of activity independent of, and in addition to, $\log {R^{\prime }_{HK}}$. We find pseudo-emission (and pseudo-absorption) features in the relative spectra that are similar to those reported in our previous work on α Cen B. In α Cen B, the features are shown to correlate better to changes in faculae filling factor than spot filling factor. In this work, we more confidently identify changes in faculae coverage of the visible hemisphere of the Sun as the source of features produced in the relative spectra. Finally, we produce trailed spectra to observe the radial velocity component of the features, which show that the features move in a redward direction as one would expect when tracking active regions rotating on the surface of a star.
Moving and reactive boundary conditions in moving-mesh hydrodynamics
Authors: Prust Logan J 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We outline the methodology of implementing moving boundary conditions into the moving-mesh code manga. The motion of our boundaries is reactive to hydrodynamic and gravitational forces. We discuss the hydrodynamics of a moving boundary as well as the modifications to our hydrodynamic and gravity solvers. Appropriate initial conditions to accurately produce a boundary of arbitrary shape are also discussed. Our code is applied to several test cases, including a Sod shock tube, a Sedov–Taylor blast wave, and a supersonic wind on a sphere. We show the convergence of conserved quantities in our simulations. We demonstrate the use of moving boundaries in astrophysical settings by simulating a common envelope phase in a binary system, in which the companion object is modelled by a spherical boundary. We conclude that our methodology is suitable to simulate astrophysical systems using moving and reactive boundary conditions.
Three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations of massive and rotating progenitors
Authors: Powell Jade , Müller Bernhard 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We present 3D simulations of the core-collapse of massive rotating and non-rotating progenitors performed with the general relativistic neutrino hydrodynamics code coconut-fmt. The progenitor models include Wolf-Rayet stars with initial helium star masses of $39\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$ and $20\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$, and an $18\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$ red supergiant. The $39\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$ model is a rapid rotator, whereas the two other progenitors are non-rotating. Both Wolf-Rayet models produce healthy neutrino-driven explosions, whereas the red supergiant model fails to explode. By the end of the simulations, the explosion energies have already reached $1.1\times 10^{51}\, $ and $0.6\times 10^{51}\, \mathrm{erg}$ for the $39\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$ and $20\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$ model, respectively. They produce neutron stars of relatively high mass, but with modest kicks. Due to the alignment of the bipolar explosion geometry with the rotation axis, there is a relatively small misalignment of 30° between the spin and the kick in the rapidly rotating $39\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$ model. For this model, we find that rotation significantly changes the dependence of the characteristic gravitational-wave frequency of the f-mode on the proto-neutron star parameters compared to the non-rotating case. Its gravitational-wave amplitudes would make it detectable out to almost 2 Mpc by the Einstein Telescope. The other two progenitors have considerably smaller detection distances, despite significant low-frequency emission in the most sensitive frequency band of current gravitational-wave detectors.
Introducing the HD+B model for pulsar wind nebulae: a hybrid hydrodynamics/radiative approach
Authors: Olmi B , Torres D F 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Identification and characterization of a rapidly increasing number of pulsar wind nebulae is, and will continue to be, a challenge of high-energy gamma-ray astrophysics. Given that such systems constitute -by far- the most numerous expected population in the TeV regime, such characterization is important not only to learn about the sources per se from an individual and population perspective, but also to be able to connect them with observations at other frequencies, especially in radio and X-rays. Also, we need to remove the emission from nebulae in highly confused regions of the sky for revealing other underlying emitters. In this paper, we present a new approach for theoretical modelling of pulsar wind nebulae: a hybrid hydrodynamic-radiative model able to reproduce morphological features and spectra of the sources, with relatively limited numerical cost.
Sub-galactic scaling relations between X-ray luminosity, star formation rate, and stellar mass
Authors: Kouroumpatzakis K , Zezas A , Sell P , Kovlakas K , Bonfini P , Willner S P , Ashby M L N , Maragkoudakis A , Jarrett T H 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
X-ray luminosity (LX) originating from high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) is tightly correlated with the host galaxy’s star formation rate (SFR). We explore this connection at sub-galactic scales spanning ∼7 dex in SFR and ∼8 dex in specific SFR (sSFR). There is good agreement with established relations down to SFR ≃ 10−3 M$_{\odot }\, \rm {yr^{-1}}$, below which an excess of X-ray luminosity emerges. This excess likely arises from low-mass X-ray binaries. The intrinsic scatter of the LX–SFR relation is constant, not correlated with SFR. Different star formation indicators scale with LX in different ways, and we attribute the differences to the effect of star formation history. The SFR derived from H α shows the tightest correlation with X-ray luminosity because H α emission probes stellar populations with ages similar to HMXB formation time-scales, but the H α-based SFR is reliable only for $\rm sSFR{\gt }10^{-12}$ M$_{\odot }\, \rm {yr^{-1}}$/M⊙.
Phase structure of co-orbital motion with Jupiter
Authors: Qi Yi , de Ruiter Anton 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we investigate the dynamics of the inclined co-orbital motion with Jupiter through a torus phase structure in the Sun–Jupiter circular restricted three-body problem. A semi-analytical method to establish the Hamiltonian approximation for the inclined co-orbital motion is proposed. Phase structures of different kinds of co-orbital behaviours are shown in the torus space clearly. Based on numerical computation, we analyse the evolution and the connection of different co-orbital dynamics. Summarizing results and conclusions in this paper, we find two main principles throughout the investigation of the co-orbital motion: (i) the libration amplitude of the resonant angle for the co-orbital motion is bounded by the corresponding Hamiltonian isosurface in the torus space and (ii) the co-orbital behaviour is influenced by collision curves, and with the decrease of the Hamiltonian value, the influence is more significant.
Hydrogen spin oscillations in a background of axions and the 21-cm brightness temperature
Authors: Lambiase G , Mohanty S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The 21-cm line signal arising from the hyperfine interaction in hydrogen has an important role in cosmology and provides a unique method for probing of the universe prior to the star formation era. We propose that the spin flip of Hydrogen by the coherent emission/absorption of axions causes a lowering of their spin temperature and can explain the stronger than expected absorption of 21-cm light reported by the EDGES collaboration. We find the analogy of axion interaction with the two level HI with the Jaynes-Cummings model of a two level atom in a cavity and we derive the spin flip frequency in this formalism and show that the coherent oscillations frequency Ω∝1/fa in contrast with the incoherent transitions between the HI hyperfine levels where the transition rates $\propto 1/f_a^2$. The axion emission and absorption rates are equal but the spin temperature is still lowered due to different selection rules for the spin flip transitions compared to the photon process. We show that the axion process goes in the right direction for explaining the EDGES observation. For this mechanism to work we require a coherent field of relativistic axions with energy Eν peaked at the 21-cm spin-flip energy. Such a coherent background of relativistic axions can arise from the decay of cosmic strings if the decay takes place in the electroweak era.