bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant trait database for Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa (SugiHinoki DB): Their physiology, morphology, anatomy and biochemistry
Authors: Osone Yoko , Hashimoto Shoji , Kenzo Tanaka , Araki Masatake G. , Inoue Yuta , Shichi Koji , Toriyama Jumpei , Yamashita Naoyuki , Tsuruta Kenji , Ishizuka Shigehiro , Nagakura Junko , Noguchi Kyotaro , Ono Kenji , Sakai Hisao , Sakai Yoshimi , Sano Tetsuya , Shigenaga Hidetoshi , Shinohara Yoshinori , Yazaki Kenichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCryptomeria japonica (sugi) and Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki) are major Japanese timber species whose plantation area accounts for 44 and 25%, respectively, of the plantation forests in Japan. Physiology, anatomy and ecology of the species have been intensively studied for this half century, which now forms a huge stock of information. These data, however, were scattered in diverse sources, including papers, bulletins of research institutes, reports of other kinds and books, and were presented in nonstandardized, diverse styles in each source. This paper provides a database (SugiHinoki DB) that compiles 177 plant traits of sugi and hinoki from 364 primary sources published since 1950. The compiled traits include physiological, morphological, anatomical and biochemical features that are recognized as relevant to life history strategies, vegetation modeling and global change responses. Collected data have been obtained under different environmental conditions, for plants with different ages and for organs with a different age or different position, which provide information of within‐species variation for a given trait. Each data entry is accompanied by detailed ancillary information describing the site of measurement, stand of measurement and detailed measurement conditions, which help users account for data variations as a consequence of phenotypic plasticity and genetic variations and to filter data. To provide data in a consistent format, the data and the ancillary information were standardized, and units were converted. After data compilation, outliers were detected by calculating interquartile range for each trait per each species. As of August 2019, SugiHinokiDB contains 24,683 data entries (16,410 for sugi, 8,273 for hinoki). As sugi and hinoki are major plantation species in Japan, the data mostly came from study sites in Japan (from Hokkaido in the north to Yakushima island in Kyushu to the south) but were also obtained from arboretums or plantation forests in Taiwan, Korea and China. Data were largely obtained from plants in plantation forests but also from plants in natural forests and under experimental conditions. The improved availability of trait data offered by SugiHinokiDB provides new research opportunities, such as the intensive parameterization of vegetation models for a more accurate prediction of climate change impacts.
The Greek Conundrum
Authors: Fouskas Vassilis K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSyriza lost the July 2019 election in Greece to the right‐wing New Democracy Party, though it was not a crushing defeat. This article explains that although Syriza is chiefly responsible for the return of New Democracy to power, its remarkable electoral performance is because its party elites, being in power for over four years, succeeded in appropriating the state machine, establishing caucuses of power, influence and clientelism. Thus, the demise of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), upon which Syriza capitalised in full, led to the establishment of a new two (state) party system dominated by New Democracy and Syriza. The extreme left and the extreme right ceased to play a major role in this new political scene.
The role of reward omission in empowering leadership and employee outcomes: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Zhang Xiyang , Qian Jing , Wang Bin , Chen Meng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, we examined the relationships between empowering leadership employee outcomes (creativity and job performance) and the mediating (voice behaviour and taking charge) and moderating (reward omission) variables in these relationships. Our theoretical model was tested using the data collected from 197 full‐time employees and 32 supervisors. Analyses of the multisource data indicated that empowering leadership is linked to subordinates' job performance and creativity through subordinates' taking charge and voice behaviour as intermediate variables. However, the indirect relationship exists only when leaders display high levels of reward omission. Our research addressed a specific gap in understanding the boundary conditions for empowering leadership to be effective. We conclude with theoretical and practical implications of our findings as well as future research directions.
Antibacterial Effects of Ultrasound, Cinnamon Essential Oil, and Their Combination Against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium in Milk
Authors: Mortazavi Negar , Aliakbarlu Javad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe antibacterial effects of ultrasound (US) and cinnamon essential oil (CEO), individually and combined, were investigated against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium in low‐ and high‐fat milk during 6‐day storage. At the end of storage, CEO alone decreased 2 and 2.2 log cycles of Salmonella Typhimurium and 2.5 and 3 log cycles of L. monocytogenes populations in low‐ and high‐fat milk, respectively. US alone reduced 1.6 log cycle of Salmonella Typhimurium and 0.7 log cycle of L. monocytogenes in both milk type. The combined treatment could reduce 2.7 log cycle of Salmonella Typhimurium in low‐fat milk and 3.8 log cycle in high‐fat milk. The combined treatment also achieved 4.3 and 4.5 log cycle reductions of L. monocytogenes in low‐ and high‐fat milk, respectively. The results of this study showed that the combination of CEO and US could be used as an effective antibacterial treatment in milk.Practical ApplicationsDue to adverse effects of thermal processing on the sensory and nutritional properties of food and the potentially harmful effects of chemical preservatives, nonthermal preservation methods and natural antimicrobials have been gained much attention. In this study, the antibacterial effects of ultrasound (US) and cinnamon essential oil (CEO), individually and combined, were investigated against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium in low‐ and high‐fat milk. The results indicated that combination of US and CEO could significantly decrease L. monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium populations in milk. Then, this combined treatment may be used as an effective alternative method to microbial inactivation in milk.
Effects of anthropogenic factors on spider communities (Arthropoda: Araneae) in Chréa National park (Blida, Algeria)
Authors: Mansouri Hassiba , Ould Rouis Sonia , Kherbouche‐Abrous Ourida , Ould Rouis Abdelhalim , Beladjal Lynda 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChréa National Park, one of the 11 national parks in Algeria, is natural and diverse but under different pressures: urbanisation, fires caused by the high flux of visitors. Several ecological and systematic studies have been conducted on the Araneae, the most important epigeal fauna, but no attention was given to the anthropogenic parcels of the Park. To assess the effects of urbanisation and fires on the ecology of this fauna, spiders were collected monthly for 2 years, using ‘Pitfall’ traps in three disturbed stations: burned, urbanised and reforested and three natural sites as control. In total, 1,476 specimens were sampled (19 families, 42 genera and 68 species). Zodarion algericum was the dominant species (13.25%), particularly in the burned station. Mann–Whitney U test showed a significant difference between urbanised and nonurbanised sites in contrast to other ones and no significant differences with the control. Our results show that fires transform the forest into a mosaic of habitats, with open gaps of different stages of succession. In addition, the reforestation of cedars without any agricultural practices has no negative effects on the Park. No loss of biodiversity was observed; this would encourage the restoration of the forest to protect its fauna and flora.
Learning from the law. A review of 21 years of litigation for nerve injury following central neuraxial blockade in obstetrics
Authors: McCombe K. , Bogod D. G. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryMedicolegal claims for neurological injury following the use of central neuraxial blockade in childbirth represent the second most common claim against obstetric anaesthetists. We present an analysis of 55 cases from a database of 368 obstetric anaesthetic claims. Common themes that emerge from the analysis include: consent; nature of nerve injury (non‐anaesthetic; direct; chemical; compressive); recognition; and management. Specific advice arising from these cases includes: the importance of informing patients of the risks of nerve damage; keeping below the conus of the cord for intrathecal procedures; responding appropriately if a patient complains of paraesthesia; and having a high index of suspicion if recovery of normal neurological function is delayed. As ever, principles of good practice, including respect for patient autonomy, early provision of information, good communication and a high standard of record‐keeping, will minimise the frustration of patients that can then lead them to seek a legal route to redress if they suffer an injury following central neuraxial blockade.
β3 Adrenoceptor‐induced cholinergic inhibition in human and rat urinary bladders involves the exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP 1 favoring adenosine release
Authors: Silva Isabel , Magalhães‐Cardoso M. Teresa , Ferreirinha Fátima , Moreira Sílvia , Costa Ana Filipa , Silva Diogo , Vieira Cátia , Silva‐Ramos Miguel , Correia‐de‐Sá Paulo 
Published: November 2019

Background and PurposeThe mechanism by which β3 receptor agonists (e.g. mirabegron) control bladder overactivity may involve adenosine release from human and rat detrusor smooth muscle. Retrograde activation of adenosine A1 receptors reduces ACh release from cholinergic bladder nerves. β3‐Adrenoceptors usually couple to adenylyl cyclase. Here we investigated, which of the cAMP targets, protein kinase A or the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) could be involved in this cholinergic inhibition of the bladder.Experimental Approach[3H]ACh and adenosine release from urothelium‐denuded detrusor strips of cadaveric human organ donors and rats were measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry and HPLC, respectively. In vivo cystometry was also performed in urethane‐anaesthetized rats.Key ResultsThe exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) inhibitor, ESI‐09, prevented mirabegron‐ and isoprenaline‐induced adenosine release from human and rat detrusor strips respectively. ESI‐09, but not the PKA inhibitor, H‐89, attenuated inhibition of [3H]ACh release from stimulated (10 Hz) detrusor strips caused by activating β3‐adrenoceptors, AC (forskolin) and EPAC1 (8‐CTP‐2Me‐cAMP). Isoprenaline‐induced inhibition of [3H]ACh release was also prevented by inhibitors of PKC (chelerythrine and Go6976) and of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1; dipyridamole and NBTI), but not by PLC inhibition with U73122. Pretreatment with ESI‐09, but not with H‐89, prevented the reduction of the voiding frequency caused by isoprenaline and forskolin in vivo.Conclusion and ImplicationsData suggest that β3‐adrenoceptor‐induced inhibition of cholinergic neurotransmission in human and rat urinary bladders involves activation of an EPAC1/PKC pathway downstream cAMP production resulting in adenosine outflow via ENT1.
Location matters: Daylight saving time and electricity demand
Authors: Shaffer Blake 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe primary rationale for daylight saving time (DST) has long been energy savings. Whether it achieves this goal, however, remains a subject of debate. Recent studies, examining only one location at a time, have shown DST to increase, decrease or leave overall energy demand unchanged. Rather than concluding the effect is ambiguous, this paper is the first to test for heterogeneous regional effects based on differences in sun times (natural factors) and waking hours (societal factors). Using a rich hourly data set and quasi‐experimental methods applied across Canadian provinces, this paper rationalizes the differing results, finding region‐specific effects consistent with differences in sun times and waking hours. DST increases electricity demand in regions with late sunrises and early waking hours.
Degrees of xerostomia? A Rasch analysis of the Xerostomia Inventory
Authors: Santiago Pedro Henrique Ribeiro , Song YoungHa , Hanna Kamal , Nair Rahul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective(s)The global demographic changes resulting in an ageing population require attention on xerostomia, as its prevalence appears to increase with age. The Xerostomia Inventory (XI) is a 11‐item instrument developed to evaluate the symptoms and behavioural components of xerostomia, while a shortened 5‐item version named Summated Xerostomia Inventory (SXI) was later proposed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the construct validity of the XI and whether the SXI can provide a shortened version. Since previous studies focused only on dimensionality and reliability, we employed modern psychometric methodology to investigate properties such as differential item functioning (DIF) and targeting.Study DesignThe XI was applied to 164 middle‐aged to older adults who participated in a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of alcohol‐containing mouth rinse in Singapore. The psychometric properties of the XI were investigated with the Rasch model (Partial Credit Model). Overall model fit was evaluated with a summary chi‐square statistic. Item fit was evaluated with the Fit Residual, and values between −2.5 and 2.5 are considered acceptable. DIF by sex was evaluated through a two‐way ANOVA of the residuals.ResultsAfter collapsing the categories of “Hardly ever” and “Fairly often”, the test of global fit (χ2 (30) = 34.32, P = .27) indicated overall fit to the Rasch model. Since Fit Residuals were between −2 and 2, the fit of individual items was also adequate. No DIF was found between men and women, and targeting was adequate (μ = −0.56).ConclusionThe current study expanded the evidence on the XI and SXI validity and provides new implications for practice: a 3‐point categorization (“Never,” “Occasionally” and “Very often”) should be preferred rather than the original 5‐point categorization; the XI and SXI scores can be compared between men and women and will reflect true differences in xerostomia rather than measurement bias.
Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) variants associated with seizures, developmental delay, behavioral disturbance, and subcortical brain abnormalities
Authors: Parente Daniel J. , Morris Stephanie M. , McKinstry Robert C. , Brandt Tracy , Gabau Elisabeth , Ruiz Anna , Shinawi Marwan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSorting nexin 27 (SNX27) influences the composition of the cellular membrane via regulation of selective endosomal recycling. Molecular analysis indicates that SNX27 regulates numerous cellular processes through promiscuous interactions with its receptor cargos. SNX27 deficient (Snx27
−/−) mice exhibit reduced embryonic survival, marked postnatal growth restriction and lethality. Haploinsufficient mice (Snx27
+/−) show a less severe phenotype, with deficits in learning, memory, synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity. One family previously reported with a homozygous SNX27 frameshift variant (c.515_516del;p.His172Argfs*6), exhibited infantile intractable myoclonic epilepsy, axial hypotonia, startle‐like movements, cardiac septal defects, global developmental delay, failure to thrive, recurrent chest infections, persistent hypoxemia and early death secondary to respiratory failure. Here, we report two additional patients with compound heterozygous SNX27 variants, that are predicted to be damaging: (a) c.510C>G;p.Tyr170* and c.1295G>A;p.Cys432Tyr, and (b) c.782dupT;p.Leu262Profs*6 and c.989G>A;p.Arg330His. They exhibit global developmental delay, behavioral disturbance, epilepsy, some dysmorphic features and subcortical white matter abnormalities. In addition, possible connective tissue involvement was noted. Epilepsy, developmental delays and subcortical white matter abnormalities appear to be core features of SNX27‐related disorders. We correlate the observed phenotype with available in vitro, in vivo and proteomic data and suggest additional possible molecular mediators of SNX27‐related pathology.
Divergence and support among slightly suboptimal likelihood gene trees
Authors: Simmons Mark P. , Kessenich John 
Published: November 2019

AbstractContemporary phylogenomic studies frequently incorporate two‐step coalescent analyses wherein the first step is to infer individual‐gene trees, generally using maximum‐likelihood implemented in the popular programs PhyML or RAxML. Four concerns with this approach are that these programs only present a single fully resolved gene tree to the user despite potential for ambiguous support, insufficient phylogenetic signal to fully resolve each gene tree, inexact computer arithmetic affecting the reported likelihood of gene trees, and an exclusive focus on the most likely tree while ignoring trees that are only slightly suboptimal or within the error tolerance. Taken together, these four concerns are sufficient for RAxML and PhyML users to be suspicious of the resulting (perhaps over‐resolved) gene‐tree topologies and (perhaps unjustifiably high) bootstrap support for individual clades. In this study, we sought to determine how frequently these concerns apply in practice to contemporary phylogenomic studies that use RAxML for gene‐tree inference. We did so by re‐analyzing 100 genes from each of ten studies that, taken together, are representative of many empirical phylogenomic studies. Our seven findings are as follows. First, the few search replicates that are frequently applied in phylogenomic studies are generally insufficient to find the optimal gene‐tree topology. Second, there is often more topological variation among slightly suboptimal gene trees relative to the best‐reported tree than can be safely ignored. Third, the Shimodaira–Hasegawa‐like approximate likelihood ratio test is highly effective at identifying dubiously supported clades and outperforms the alternative approaches of relying on bootstrap support or collapsing minimum‐length branches. Fourth, the bootstrap can, but rarely does, indicate high support for clades that are not supported amongst slightly suboptimal trees. Fifth, increasing the accuracy by which RAxML optimizes model‐parameter values generally has a nominal effect on selection of optimal trees. Sixth, tree searches using the GTRCAT model were generally less effective at finding optimal known trees than those using the GTRGAMMA model. Seventh, choice of gene‐tree sampling strategy can affect inferred coalescent branch lengths, species‐tree topology and branch support.
Phylogenetic analysis of phenotypic characters of Tunicata supports basal Appendicularia and monophyletic Ascidiacea
Authors: Braun Katrin , Leubner Fanny , Stach Thomas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith approximately 3000 marine species, Tunicata represents the most disparate subtaxon of Chordata. Molecular phylogenetic studies support Tunicata as sister taxon to Craniota, rendering it pivotal to understanding craniate evolution. Although successively more molecular data have become available to resolve internal tunicate phylogenetic relationships, phenotypic data have not been utilized consistently. Herein these shortcomings are addressed by cladistically analyzing 117 phenotypic characters for 49 tunicate species comprising all higher tunicate taxa, and five craniate and cephalochordate outgroup species. In addition, a combined analysis of the phenotypic characters with 18SrDNA‐sequence data is performed in 32OTUs. The analysis of the combined data is congruent with published molecular analyses. Successively up‐weighting phenotypic characters indicates that phenotypic data contribute disproportionally more to the resulting phylogenetic hypothesis. The strict consensus tree from the analysis of the phenotypic characters as well as the single most parsimonious tree found in the analysis of the combined dataset recover monophyletic Appendicularia as sister taxon to the remaining tunicate taxa. Thus, both datasets support the hypothesis that the last common ancestor of Tunicata was free‐living and that ascidian sessility is a derived trait within Tunicata. “Thaliacea” is found to be paraphyletic with Pyrosomatida as sister taxon to monophyletic Ascidiacea and the relationship between Doliolida and Salpida is unresolved in the analysis of morphological characters; however, the analysis of the combined data reconstructs Thaliacea as monophyletic nested within paraphyletic “Ascidiacea”. Therefore, both datasets differ in the interpretation of the evolution of the complex holoplanktonic life history of thaliacean taxa. According to the phenotypic data, this evolution occurred in the plankton, whereas from the combined dataset a secondary transition into the plankton from a sessile ascidian is inferred. Besides these major differences, both analyses are in accord on many phylogenetic groupings, although both phylogenetic reconstructions invoke a high degree of homoplasy. In conclusion, this study represents the first serious attempt to utilize the potential phylogenetic information present in phenotypic characters to elucidate the inter‐relationships of this diverse marine taxon in a consistent cladistic framework.
Coping with drought: diapause plasticity in katydid eggs at high, mid‐, and low elevations
Authors: Srygley Robert B. 
Published: November 2019

1. Semi‐arid rangeland productivity is limited by precipitation, and yet droughts are projected to increase in frequency and duration with unknown impacts on insect populations. As some katydids prolong diapause and remain in an egg bank as a blastoderm for multiple growing seasons, is it possible that drought could prolong diapause and promote outbreaks by synchronising embryonic development and hatching of Mormon crickets, Anabrus simplex, after moisture is restored?2. In this study, a high‐elevation Wyoming population (WY) was compared with a mid‐elevation Idaho (ID) and a low‐elevation Oregon population (OR). It was predicted that eggs from the drier ID and OR habitats would be more tolerant of desiccation. Developmental state and water loss of eggs were measured after drought treatments, and when moisture was restored.3. The two drier treatments had significantly more WY eggs prolonging diapause until after drought ended compared with the two wetter treatments. Whether WY eggs developed in the second or subsequent warm periods was independent of drought treatments. Significantly fewer OR embryos developed in the driest treatment compared with the others, whereas almost all ID eggs developed irrespective of the drought treatment.4. In conclusion, Mormon crickets can delay embryonic development to improve drought tolerance. Although drought did not synchronise development and hatching, diapause plasticity allowed insects to cope and await more favourable conditions.5. Unexpectedly, eggs from WY (the highest, wettest site) were more tolerant, because postponing development resulted in less water loss than in developed embryos. OR egg loss was also reduced by prolonging diapause, relative to ID, which developed in even the driest conditions.