bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A gene expression atlas for different kinds of stress in the mouse brain
Authors: Flati Tiziano , Gioiosa Silvia , Chillemi Giovanni , Mele Andrea , Oliverio Alberto , Mannironi Cecilia , Rinaldi Arianna , Castrignanò Tiziana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStressful experiences are part of everyday life and animals have evolved physiological and behavioral responses aimed at coping with stress and maintaining homeostasis. However, repeated or intense stress can induce maladaptive reactions leading to behavioral disorders. Adaptations in the brain, mediated by changes in gene expression, have a crucial role in the stress response. Recent years have seen a tremendous increase in studies on the transcriptional effects of stress. The input raw data are freely available from public repositories and represent a wealth of information for further global and integrative retrospective analyses. We downloaded from the Sequence Read Archive 751 samples (SRA-experiments), from 18 independent BioProjects studying the effects of different stressors on the brain transcriptome in mice. We performed a massive bioinformatics re-analysis applying a single, standardized pipeline for computing differential gene expression. This data mining allowed the identification of novel candidate stress-related genes and specific signatures associated with different stress conditions. The large amount of computational results produced was systematized in the interactive “Stress Mice Portal”.
Functional skeletal muscle constructs from transdifferentiated human fibroblasts
Authors: Xu Bin , Siehr Allison , Shen Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTransdifferentiation of human non-muscle cells directly into myogenic cells by forced expression of MyoD represents one route to obtain highly desirable human myogenic cells. However, functional properties of the tissue constructs derived from these transdifferentiated cells have been rarely studied. Here, we report that three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs engineered with iMyoD-hTERT-NHDFs, normal human dermal fibroblasts transduced with genes encoding human telomerase reverse transcriptase and doxycycline-inducible MyoD, generate detectable contractile forces in response to electrical stimuli upon MyoD expression. Withdrawal of doxycycline in the middle of 3D culture results in 3.05 and 2.28 times increases in twitch and tetanic forces, respectively, suggesting that temporally-controlled MyoD expression benefits functional myogenic differentiation of transdifferentiated myoblast-like cells. Treatment with CHIR99021, a Wnt activator, and DAPT, a Notch inhibitor, leads to further enhanced contractile forces. The ability of these abundant and potentially patient-specific and disease-specific cells to develop into functional skeletal muscle constructs makes them highly valuable for many applications, such as disease modeling.
Prediction of disease progression in patients with COVID-19 by artificial intelligence assisted lesion quantification
Authors: Li Yuehua , Shang Kai , Bian Wei , He Li , Fan Ying , Ren Tao , Zhang Jiayin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo investigate the value of artificial intelligence (AI) assisted quantification on initial chest CT for prediction of disease progression and clinical outcome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection and initially of non-severe type were retrospectively included. The initial CT scan on admission was used for imaging analysis. The presence of ground glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and other findings were visually evaluated. CT severity score was calculated according to the extent of lesion involvement. In addition, AI based quantification of GGO and consolidation volume were also performed. 123 patients (mean age: 64.43 ± 14.02; 62 males) were included. GGO + consolidation was more frequently revealed in progress-to-severe group whereas pure GGO was more likely to be found in non-severe group. Compared to non-severe group, patients in progress-to-severe group had larger GGO volume (167.33 ± 167.88 cm3versus 101.12 ± 127 cm3, p = 0.013) as well as consolidation volume (40.85 ± 60.4 cm3versus 6.63 ± 14.91 cm3, p < 0.001). Among imaging parameters, consolidation volume had the largest area under curve (AUC) in discriminating non-severe from progress-to-severe group (AUC = 0.796, p < 0.001) and patients with or without critical events (AUC = 0.754, p < 0.001). According to multivariate regression, consolidation volume and age were two strongest predictors for disease progression (hazard ratio: 1.053 and 1.071, p: 0.006 and 0.008) whereas age and diabetes were predictors for unfavorable outcome. Consolidation volume quantified on initial chest CT was the strongest predictor for disease severity progression and larger consolidation volume was associated with unfavorable clinical outcome.
Syk facilitates phagosome-lysosome fusion by regulating actin-remodeling in complement-mediated phagocytosis
Authors: Tabata Hiroyuki , Morita Hiroyuki , Kaji Hiroaki , Tohyama Kaoru , Tohyama Yumi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEffective phagocytosis is crucial for host defense against pathogens. Macrophages entrap pathogens into a phagosome and subsequently acidic lysosomes fuse to the phagosome. Previous studies showed the pivotal role of actin-remodeling mediated by phosphoinositide-related signaling in phagosome formation, but the mechanisms of phagosome-lysosome fusion remain unexplored. Here we show that in complement-mediated phagocytosis, phagosome-lysosome fusion requires the disappearance of F-actin structure surrounding the phagosome and a tyrosine kinase Syk plays a key role in this process. Using macrophage-like differentiated HL60 and Syk-knockout (Syk-KO) HL60 cells, we found that Syk-KO cells showed insufficient phagosome acidification caused by impaired fusion with lysosomes and permitted the survival of Candida albicans in complement-mediated phagocytosis. Phagosome tracking analysis showed that during phagosome internalization process, F-actin surrounding phagosomes disappeared in both parental and Syk-KO cells but this structure was reconstructed immediately only in Syk-KO cells. In addition, F-actin-stabilizing agent induced a similar impairment of phagosome-lysosome fusion. Collectively, Syk-derived signaling facilitates phagosome-lysosome fusion by regulating actin-remodeling.
The longitudinal risk of mortality between invasive ductal carcinoma and metaplastic breast carcinoma
Authors: Wu San-Gang , Yang Shi-Ping , Zhang Wen-Wen , Wang Jun , Lian Chen-Lu , Chen Yong-Xiong , He Zhen-Yu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe management of metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) has largely paralleled the paradigms used for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in the current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines of breast cancer. However, patients with IDC and MBC have been shown to have a different prognosis, and there are significant differences in risk and failure patterns after treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) and hazard function between IDC and MBC. We included patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program with stage I-III IDC and MBC between 2000 and 2012. Statistical analyses were including chi-square analysis, life-table methods, multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, and propensity score matching (PSM). We identified 294,719 patients; 293,199 patients with IDC and 1520 patients with MBC. Multivariate analyses showed that the MBC subtype had significantly lower BCSS than the IDC subtype before and after PSM (p < 0.001). There were significant differences in the hazard curve between IDC and MBC. The hazard curve for breast cancer mortality in the IDC cohort peaked at 3 years (2%), and then changed to a slowly decreasing plateau after prolonged follow up. However, the hazard curve for breast cancer mortality in the MBC cohort peaked at 2 years (7%), then declined sharply between 3 and 6 years, and changed to a low death rate after a follow-up time exceeding 6 years. Subgroup analyses revealed that the hazard curves significantly differed between IDC and MBC after stratifying by tumor stage and hormone receptor status. Our study suggests that patients with MBC should receive more effective systemic agents and intensive follow-up because of their significantly augmented risk of death compared to IDC patients.
Bile accelerates carcinogenic processes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells through the overexpression of MUC4
Authors: Gál Eleonóra , Veréb Zoltán , Kemény Lajos , Rakk Dávid , Szekeres András , Becskeházi Eszter , Tiszlavicz László , Takács Tamás , Czakó László , Hegyi Péter , Venglovecz Viktória 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the leading causes of mortality rate globally and is usually associated with obstructive jaundice (OJ). Up to date, there is no clear consensus on whether biliary decompression should be performed prior to surgery and how high levels of serum bile affects the outcome of PC. Therefore, our study aims were to characterise the effect of bile acids (BAs) on carcinogenic processes using pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the serum concentrations of BAs. The effects of BAs on tumour progression were investigated using different assays. Mucin expressions were studied in normal and PDAC cell lines and in human samples at gene and protein levels and results were validated with gene silencing. The levels of BAs were significantly higher in the PDAC + OJ group compared to the healthy control. Treating PDAC cells with different BAs or with human serum obtained from PDAC + OJ patients enhanced the rate of proliferation, migration, adhesion, colony forming, and the expression of MUC4. In PDAC + OJ patients, MUC4 expression was higher and the 4-year survival rate was lower compare to PDAC patients. Silencing of MUC4 decreased BAs-induced carcinogenic processes in PDAC cells. Our results show that BAs promote carcinogenic process in PDAC cells, in which the increased expression of MUC4 plays an important role. Based on these results, we assume that in PC patients, where the disease is associated with OJ, the early treatment of biliary obstruction improves life expectancy.
Structurally distinct telomere-binding proteins in Ustilago maydis execute non-overlapping functions in telomere replication, recombination, and protection
Authors: Yu Eun Young , Zahid Syed S. , Ganduri Swapna , Sutherland Jeanette H. , Hsu Min , Holloman William K. , Lue Neal F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDuplex telomere binding proteins exhibit considerable structural and functional diversity in fungi. Herein we interrogate the activities and functions of two Myb-containing, duplex telomere repeat-binding factors in Ustilago maydis, a basidiomycete that is evolutionarily distant from the standard fungi. These two telomere-binding proteins, UmTay1 and UmTrf2, despite having distinct domain structures, exhibit comparable affinities and sequence specificity for the canonical telomere repeats. UmTay1 specializes in promoting telomere replication and an ALT-like pathway, most likely by modulating the helicase activity of Blm. UmTrf2, in contrast, is critical for telomere protection; transcriptional repression of Umtrf2 leads to severe growth defects and profound telomere aberrations. Comparative analysis of UmTay1 homologs in different phyla reveals broad functional diversity for this protein family and provides a case study for how DNA-binding proteins can acquire and lose functions at various chromosomal locations. Our findings also point to stimulatory effect of telomere protein on ALT in Ustilago maydis that may be conserved in other systems.
Non‐interactive integrated membership authentication and group arithmetic computation output for 5G sensor networks
Authors: Hsu Chingfang , Harn Lein , Xia Zhe , Zhang Maoyuan , Zhao Zhuo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGroup‐oriented applications show its potential ability in the next generation of wireless sensor networks (5G WSNs), which have the particularity of being heterogeneous and so have different capabilities in terms of storage, computing, communicating and energy. One of the main challenges for secure group‐oriented applications (SGA) in 5G WSNs is how to secure communication between these heterogeneous devices. Conventional protocols are not suitable for SGA in 5G sensor networks since multiparty output establishment in this environment requires lightweight communication and computation overhead, further the primary task of SGA in 5G WSNs is to securely transmit various types of jointly computing data. Hence, membership authentication and multiparty output for arithmetic computations become two fundamental and necessary security services in SGA for 5G WSNs. In this paper we propose a novel design of non‐interactive integrated membership authenticated multiparty output for arithmetic computations in 5G sensor networks, which embeds the function of membership authentication and multiparty output for arithmetic computations. Since any arithmetic computation function is composed of multiple additions and multiplications, our result serves as a general method for multiparty computation output in SGA. This design is more suitable for lightweight membership authenticated multiparty arithmetic computations output in 5G sensor networks.
Selection of capacitance for stable operation of low power DC system with constant power loads
Authors: Islam Shirazul , De Souradip , Anand Sandeep , Sahoo Soumya Ranjan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe connection of constant power loads (CPL) in a low power dc system leads to a reduction in the stability margin of the system. Most of the existing techniques increase the stability margin by modifying the controller for CPL or source converter at the cost of deterioration in the performance of converters. Few publications have suggested methods to determine the value of dc‐link capacitance required for stable operation of dc microgrid with CPL. These methods do not necessarily give the minimum possible capacitance as a solution. This paper suggests a method to determine the lower bound on the value of capacitor, for stable operation of dc system. A dc system with both linear and CPL loads is considered. Detailed mathematical analysis is used to determine the range of capacitance to ensure the stability of equilibrium point. Further, this paper discusses the effects of variation in linear loads on the selection of capacitor. The procedure of capacitor selection for a low power dc system is included. Using the real‐time digital simulator and a digital signal processor, controller hardware‐in‐loop based validation is carried out for the proposed approach.
Transverse oscillation of a coronal loop induced by a flare-related jet
Authors: Dai J. , Zhang Q. M. , Su Y. N. , Ji H. S. 
Published: December 2020

Context. Kink oscillations in coronal loops are ubiquitous, and we apply the observed parameters of oscillations to estimate the magnetic field strength of the loops.
Aims. In this work, we report our multiwavelength observations of the transverse oscillation of a large-scale coronal loop with a length of ≥350 Mm. The oscillation was induced by a blowout coronal jet, which was related to a C4.2 circular-ribbon flare (CRF) in active region 12434 on 2015 October 16. We aim to determine the physical parameters in the coronal loop, including the Alfvén speed and the magnetic field strength.
Methods. The jet-induced kink oscillation was observed in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Line-of-sight magnetograms were observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the SDO. We took several slices along the loop to assemble time-distance diagrams and used an exponentially decaying sine function to fit the decaying oscillation. The initial amplitude, period, and damping time of kink oscillations were obtained. Coronal seismology of the kink mode was applied to estimate the Alfvén speed and the magnetic field strength in the oscillating loop. In addition, we measured the magnetic field of the loop through nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) modeling using the flux rope insertion method.
Results. The oscillation is most pronounced in AIA 171 and 131 Å. The oscillation is almost in phase along the loop with a peak initial amplitude of ∼13.6 Mm, meaning that the oscillation belongs to the fast standing kink mode. The oscillation lasts for ∼3.5cycles with an average period of ∼462 s and an average damping time of ∼976 s. The values of τ/P lie in the range of 1.5–2.5. Based on coronal seismology, the Alfvén speed in the oscillating loop is estimated to be ∼1210 km s−1. Two independent methods are applied to calculate the magnetic field strength of the loop, resulting in 30–43 G using coronal seismology and 21–23 G using NLFFF modeling.
Conclusions. The magnetic field strength estimated using two different approaches are on the same order of magnitude, which confirms the reliability of coronal seismology by comparing with NLFFF modeling.
Il y a cinquante ans : les premières réactions de fusion nucléaire induites par laser
Authors: Bobin Jean-Louis 
Published: December 2020

Peu après l’invention des lasers au début des années 1960, des calculs d’ordre de grandeur montraient leur intérêt pour la fusion nucléaire. En même temps, débutaient discrètement des programmes de recherches dans des laboratoires à vocation militaire. C’est ainsi qu’au centre de Limeil de la Direction des Applications Militaires du Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA-DAM) fut lancée l’étude des plasmas créés par laser, en coopération avec les Laboratoires de Marcoussis de la Compagnie Générale d’Électricité (CGE).
Cet effort, dont l’histoire est relatée dans cet article, a abouti à un résultat spectaculaire pour l’époque (1969) : une émission de neutrons contrôlable.
Le Palais de la découverte : un avenir incertain
Authors: Hennequin Daniel ,   la Commission Culture Scientifique de la Société Française de Physique
Published: December 2020

Le Palais de la découverte est à un tournant de son histoire. Le Grand Palais, qui l’héberge, doit être rénové et est fermé depuis le 1er novembre 2020.
La direction d’Universcience veut en profiter pour renouveler également son offre. Elle a conçu un projet, intitulé dans cet article « Palais 2024 », qui fait l’objet de nombreuses polémiques [1].
De quoi s’agit-il exactement ?
Le Palais y perdra-t-il ce qui fait son ADN, ce qu’on appelle parfois « l’esprit Jean Perrin » ? Et d’ailleurs, cette vision de son fondateur, vieille de plus de 80 ans, a-t-elle encore un sens aujourd’hui ?
Vom Dünkel zur Demut
Authors: Schlichting Michael 
Published: December 2020

SummaryDer Erfahrungsbericht beleuchtet, wie der direkte Kontakt mit der indigenen Gruppe der Mixe den Autor weg von einem ethnozentrischen Weltbild hin zu transkulturellen Erfahrungen geführt hat. Beschrieben wird unter anderem, welche Missverständnisse und Vorurteile entstehen können, wenn zwei grundlegend verschiedene Medizinalsysteme aufeinandertreffen. Im beschriebenen Fall hat erst das Verständnis für traditionelle Krankheits- und Heilungskonzepte den Weg geebnet, um der indigenen Bevölkerung auch mit Mitteln der westlichen Medizin helfen zu können.
Kollodium-Baby
Authors: Harbauer Theresa , Höger Peter , Thayssen Maike , Singer Dominique 
Published: December 2020

FallpräsentationReifes männliches Neugeborenes, Geburtsgewicht 3500 g, Länge 56 cm, Kopfumfang 36 cm. Spontangeburt in der 40. Schwangerschaftswoche nach unkompliziertem Schwangerschaftsverlauf. APGAR 9/10/10. Unauffällige Familienanamnese, erstes Kind der Familie.
Engelwurz-Rezeptur
Authors: Hobert Ingfried 
Published: December 2020

SummaryDie Verwendung von Kräutern, Wurzeln, Beeren, Rinden, Pilzen und Blättern zur Steuerung des Wohlbefindens und der Gesundheit hat in China eine jahrtausendealte Tradition. Zu den überlieferten Anwendungen der sogenannten Engelwurz-Rezeptur zählen unter anderem Schmerzen in Faszien, Muskeln und Gelenken, Schulter-, Arm- und Rückenschmerzen, Nacken- und Beinschmerzen.
Data sovereigns for the world economy
Authors: Tang Chunlei , Plasek Joseph M. , Zhu Yangyong , Huang Yajun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the rise of data capital and its instantaneous economic effects, existing data-sharing agreements have become complicated and are insufficient for capitalizing on the full value of the data resource. The challenge is to figure out how to derive benefits from data via the right to data portability. Among these, data ownership issues are complex and currently lack a concept that enables the right to data portability, is conducive to the free flow of cross-border data, and assists in the economic agglomeration of cyberspace. We propose defining the term “data sovereign” as a person or entity with the ability to possess and protect the data. First, the word “sovereign” is borrowed from the fundamental economic notion of William H. Hutt’s “consumer sovereignty.” This notion of sovereignty is strengthened by Max Weber’s classic definition of “power” – the ability to possess any resource. We envision that data capital would provide greater “cross-border” convenience for engaging in transactions and exchanges with very different cultures and societies. In our formulation, data sovereign status is achieved when one both possesses the data and can defend any attack on that data. Using “force” to protect data does not imply an abandonment of data sharing. Rather, it should be easy for an organization to enable the sharing of data and data products internally or with trusted partners. Examples of an attack on the data might be a data breach scandal, identity theft, or data terrorism. In the future, numerous tedious, time-consuming, non-artistry, manual occupational tasks can be replaced by data products that are part of a global data economy.
Health shocks and vulnerability to poverty in Congo
Authors: Ouadika Séverin Aimé Blanchard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe analysis of the link between poverty and health status in developing countries is a major focus of development policy. However, few studies, particularly in the Congo, focus on a prospective analysis of poverty and consider the variability of future consumption after a health shock. The objective of this study is to estimate vulnerability to poverty and analyse the factors that lead to a loss of well-being after a health shock in Congo. The study uses data from the 2011 Congolese Household Survey (CHS). Estimation of vulnerability to poverty and modelling of the effect of the health shock on expected future consumption are performed using the three-step feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) method. This method is also used to identify the socio-demographic determinants of vulnerability. On average, 26.8% of households are vulnerable to poverty in Congo. Health shocks accentuate this vulnerability. Households living in rural areas are more vulnerable to poverty than those in urban areas. Furthermore, household size and the level of education and marital status of the head of household have an impact on vulnerability. In view of the results obtained, poverty reduction efforts should focus on strategies to develop social safety nets and/or health insurance programmes to stabilize consumption in the event of a health shock in the household.