bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Participatory Management Model for Flood-Risk Communication (PMMFRC) in Davao City, Philippines
Authors: Cayamanda Karen Joyce Gonzales , Paunlagui Merlyne M. 
Published: October 2020

Vulnerable communities of Davao City, Southern Philippines has experienced flooding that leads to catastrophic effects costing damage to properties and loss of lives. Communities need to build its resiliency to respond to flooding and mitigate its negative impacts. Policy makers and leaders need to regularly review and update its existing policies to address gaps and promote effective community engagement.
This paper highlights the development of the communication management framework based on the results from the qualitative approaches of document analysis, examination of relevant secondary data and the key informant interviews conducted among the heads and representatives of the identified agencies involved in the risk reduction and disaster management of the city. Results of the study revealed that Davao City implements a top-down communication system for risk reduction management which has little or no room for transactional interaction between the source of the message and the local communities. Messages have been found to be unfiltered and interoperability mechanism has been found only at the level of the implementing agencies. The study, therefore, proposed a participatory management model for flood-risk communication (PMMFRC) for flood-vulnerable communities towards risk reduction.
Determining the Optimal Concession Period in Cancer Hospital Project using Public-Private Partnership (PPP) with Availability Payment Scheme
Authors: Huda N. D. , Prasetyo A. D. 
Published: October 2020

The construction of Cancer Hospital in city of X which require total Capital Expenditure of Rp 1,135,834,554,688 can answer the need of comprehensive cancer services in Indonesia. But due to limited local government budgets, forcing local government to find alternative funding through Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme. One of the newest PPP scheme at the moment is the Availability Payment (AP) scheme.
Through this research, authors analyze the optimal concession period and the feasibility of this investment plan by calculating the required Capital Expenditures, Operating Cost, and other expense and Risk embedded to the project. The optimal concession period is analyzed by simulation of different concession period scheme ranging from 10-25 years and find the lowest required Availability Payment. The feasibility of the cancer hospital project is analyzed by using Discounted Cash Flow parameter which are Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return and Payback Period. The risk embedded to the project is analyzed by using sensitivity, scenario and monte carlo analysis.
From the result of Availability Payment calculation, the optimal concession period for this project is 22 years, this period scenario generates AP payment of Rp 287,712,786,883. The result of this project is financially feasible with positive Net Present Value of Rp 95,490,595,725, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 12,66% which greater than Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of 11.92% , and Payback Period of 11,17 years. This Cancer hospital Project is financially safe to build by business entity (BUP). From 10,000 trials of Monte Carlo simulation, the project NPV will lies between Rp 59,335,915,203 to Rp 121,260,967,584 with 95% certainties with worst case scenario NPV still positive Rp 40,041,126,128. Based on the sensitivity analysis the COGS expense is the variable that most affecting the overall NPV of this project, followed by the long-term debt interest rate.
Assessment of L-Citrulline, L-Arginine and L-Glutamic Acid Content in Selected Fruits, Vegetables, Seeds, and Nuts Sold in Markets in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Mulwa Peninnah Mueni , Njue Wilson , Ng’ang’a Margaret 
Published: October 2020

Background: L-citrulline, L-arginine, and L-glutamic acid are amino acids which are vital in the human body. L-citrulline boosts immunity, combats sarcopenia, detoxifies the liver, and enhances male fertility. L-arginine boosts internal production of nitric oxide, prevents abnormal blood clotting and accelerates healing of wounds. L-glutamic acid cleanses the central nervous system and improves overall brain health. Deficiency of these amino acids can lead to accumulation of ammonia and impact negatively to the nervous systems of the human body. This study aimed to identify and determine the levels of L-citrulline, L-arginine, and L-glutamic acid in selected fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds sold in markets in Nairobi City County, Kenya using Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS).
Materials and Methods: Data was collected from 28 selected samples and data analysis was done using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.4.
Results: LC-MS showed the presence of both L-arginine and L-citrulline in most fruits, vegetables, and nuts while L-glutamic acid was present in the seeds. The levels of the amino acids in the fruits and vegetables were in the following range: L-citrulline (0.65- 19.41 mg/100g) in the button mushroom, cucumber, pumpkin, amaranthus, and kales, (3.16-3.79 mg/100g) in the watermelons and (1.57-10.21 mg/100g) in the nuts. L-arginine was in the range; 1.73 - 16.48 mg/100g in the amaranthus, kales, button mushroom, butternut squash, and cucumber, 5.44-6.56 mg/100g in the watermelons and 0.93-10.73 mg/100g in the nuts and L-glutamic acid (0.013-0.28 mg/100g) in the seeds of pumpkin, butternut, and watermelons.
Conclusion: The results showed that locally available vegetables, fruits and nuts are rich in L-citrulline and L-arginine.
Identification of Mutation in Exon2 of the NKX2.5 Gene in Bangladeshi Pediatric Patients with Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Khatun Marjia , Chowdhury Sagana Shahreen , Khan Toufiq Hasan , Banu Laila Anjuman 
Published: October 2020

Context and rationale: Congenital hypothyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disease that may occur due to the alteration in the sequence of nucleotides of the NKX2.5 gene. Though congenital hypothyroidism is quite common among the Bangladeshi pediatric population, there are few studies on the genetic basis of this disease.
Objective: This study aimed to identify any mutation in the exon2 of the NKX2.5 gene in Bangladeshi pediatric patients with congenital hypothyroidism.
Methods: Forty (40) Bangladeshi pediatric patients with congenital hypothyroidism were recruited, the sociodemographic data were collected and analyzed, DNA was isolated, quantity and quality of DNA were checked, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done, the amplicons were visually validated by gel electrophoresis and cycle sequencing was done by Sanger sequencing. The raw chromatogram data were analyzed and compared with the NCBI database by BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) search.
Results: Sanger sequencing revealed two types of alteration in the nucleotide sequence. Nine patients showed substitutions (c.1051G>T) and eight patients showed deletions (c.1143 delT-), and both substitution and deletion were present in four patients. This substitution and deletion occurred in the Sequence Tagged Site (STS) of the exon2 of the NKX2.5 gene and these are new variants and not reported in NCBI database.
Conclusion: In the present study, two types of variants were identified. So, further study to find out mutational status among Bangladeshi children might be helpful in enriching the database of mutational spectra of pediatric patients with congenital hypothyroidism.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of COVID-19 in Ethiopia: Rethinking the Past and Defining the Present
Authors: Tiruneh Daniel , Baye Getachew , Dubi Yosef Beco 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to unearth the landscape of social media and analyse the contents. Contents of social media, in Ethiopia, are varying over the course of changes in politics, health, socio-economic conditions of the country. Some of the contents are reflected in the forms of narratives, comments, briefings, anecdotes, and verses to list a few. Contents changing the way people interact with each other and share information, personal messages, and opinions about situations, objects, and past experiences- rethinking the past, themes are linked to the present and define the present Ethiopia. In order to attain the stated objective, the researchers developed critical discourse analysis as a research methodology and adapted Norman Fairclough’s model of Analysis as a theoretical framework. Most social media texts are short online conversational posts or comments that do not contain enough information for a full textual analysis. Therefore, using purposive sampling six excerpts were collected from various discourses of the social media platforms, particularly Facebook, Facebook messenger, and YouTube. Based on the contexts of the discourses, the analysis was categorized thematically. The study concluded that social media users used the platform as a means to reflect both the status quo of the past and linking to the current COVID-19 and its socio-economic impacts. COVID-19 is depicted as a disease, resulting from human wrongdoings, very dangerous which is deadly even to Satan. It is also depicted as a warrior, an extremely hungry predator looking for its prey, ready to eat up human being ravenous without a need for proper chewing.
Effect of Zolpidem on sleep efficiency and heart rate during daytime nap
Authors: Sinha B , Yadav CT 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine and a type-A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist of the imidazopyridine class of drugs which acts as a short-acting sedative and hypnotic. It induces sleep by augmenting its effect in the central nervous system, by binding to GABAA receptor. The drug has been approved for use in USAF and others to induce sleep after extended duration combat mission. Studies are rare where the impact of drug on daytime nap has been studied. In extended duration operation, necessity of inducing sleep to the combatant after the mission is extremely important and unequivocal. The present study was undertaken to observe the impact of Zolpidem on sleep efficiency (SE) and autonomic heart rate (HR) response during short-term daytime nap.Material and Methods:In a double-blind repeated measure, randomly ordered design, 20 healthy male volunteers were evaluated for SE and HR during daytime nap after administering two different doses of Zolpidem. The study protocol involved the analysis of SE using polysomnographic recordings. The participants were advised to report to their normal place of work and do only routine works not involving strenuous activities. They were advised to report to the sleep laboratory at 1200 h. Three different sessions were carried out on each participant, keeping a gap of 72 h between two sessions. The participants were allowed to sleep in the sleep laboratory in a thermoneutral and sound-attenuated condition. They were permitted to sleepad libitum. The participants were tested without drug in one of the sessions and during other two sessions, the participants were given 5 mg or 10 mg Zolpidem. One-way ANOVA was carried out to analyze the data and Tukey honestly significant differencepost hoctest was employed to compare between the three conditions.Results:Total sleep time (TST) increased significantly from 120.1 ± 38.34 min at baseline to 232.3 ± 41.30 min (P< 0.001) after 5 mg Zolpidem and 249.2 ± 26.92 min after 10 mg Zolpidem (P< 0.001). SE (calculated by dividing the amount of time spent asleep [in min] by the total amount of time in bed [in min]) increased significantly from baseline to post-Zolpidem administration (79 ± 11.52%, 91.5 ± 3.61%, and 94.5 ± 1.59%) (P< 0.001 as compared from baseline data). Average HR (AHR) decreased during sleep from baseline (88.0 ± 8.68 bpm) to 5 mg Zolpidem administration (78.2 ± 7.42) (P< 0.001) and to 10 mg Zolpidem administration (79.2 ± 7.33 bpm) (P< 0.01).Conclusion:Zolpidem administration caused an increase in TST and SE and a decrease in AHR during daytime nap.
Analysis of G-induced Loss of Consciousness (G-LOC) and Almost Loss of Consciousness (A-LOC) incidences in high-performance human centrifuge at Institute of Aerospace Medicine Indian Air Force
Authors: Kumar A , Nataraja MS , Sharma V 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Institute of Aerospace Medicine (IAM) Indian Air Force (IAF) conducts operational training in Aerospace Medicine for IAF fighter aircrew since 2009. This includes high-G training with qualifying criteria of demonstrating ability of the aircrew to sustain 9G for 5 s in closed-loop run (pilot-in-control) wearing anti-G suit while performing anti-G straining maneuver (AGSM). Incidences of inadvertent almost loss of consciousness (A-LOC)/G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) are an unavoidable unintended consequence of such training. The aim of the paper is to study the incidence of G-LOC and A-LOC and its nature in the high-performance human centrifuge (HPHC) and compare it with our previous experiences.

Material and Methods:
A G-LOC/A-LOC proforma was designed at the Department of Acceleration Physiology and Spatial Orientation at IAM IAF to understand the nature and cause of the G-LOC/A-LOC. This was to be filled up by the aircrew on a voluntary basis. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel with a significance level set at 95% confidence interval and alpha ≤0.05.

Results:
Fifty-two aircrew (19.92%) experienced inadvertent G-LOC/A-LOC in 83 such episodes (54 G-LOC and 29 A-LOC) during the period January 2018–December 2018. Forty-seven aircrew experiencing G-LOC/ALOC agreed to be part of the study and filled up the proforma after the episodes. The incidence of G-LOC in the institute has reduced significantly over the past two decades, perhaps due to change in the HPHC used for training of aircrew. The incidence of G-LOC found in this study is comparable to the global incidence. Rise in heart rate was higher during A-LOC than G-LOC and was found to be statistically significant (t statistic = 2.33; P = 0.01). Relative incapacitation period was lesser than absolute incapacitation period during G-LOC and was found to be statistically significant (t statistic = 3.29, P = 0.001). G-level at which Type II G-LOC occurred was significantly higher than the Type I G-LOC.

Conclusion:
The incidence of A-LOC/G-LOC has reduced over the past two decades of high G training in IAF and is comparable to global incidence.
An analysis of transcranial doppler to interpret changes in cerebral circulation under +Gz
Authors: Dinakar S , Agarwal A 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
The use of Transcranial Doppler (TCD) to measure the cerebral blood flow velocity (BFV) is one of the most elusive tasks under +Gz. The reason for this is the technical difficulty in keeping the TCD fixed during acceleration. There is no conclusive principle of the behavior of cerebral blood vessels under +Gz, despite earlier attempts in animal/human studies. In our study, we were able to overcome the technical difficulty and record the cerebral BFV of the middle cerebral artery under +Gz.

Material and Methods:
Twenty healthy adult males consented to participate in the study. High-performance human centrifuge was used to subject them to +Gz acceleration. The participants were instrumented with electrocardiography, thermistor bead, oxygen saturation probe, non-invasive blood pressure and TCD probe. Relaxed peripheral light loss (PLL) and straining PLL were recorded in a single gradual-onset rate profile.

Results:
The TCD data were retrieved and the data was plotted. The Doppler waveform varied with a change in +Gz. Pulsatility (Gosling) index was derived. The index increases as Gz level builds up, indicating an increase in arterial resistance. This increase was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The understanding, so far, has been based on a presumption of vasoconstriction in the cerebral arteries. However, when monitoring TCD against increasing +Gz, it is not the presence or absence of the waveform that is of significance; however, it is the change in the pattern of the waveform that is noteworthy.
Simultaneous analysis of ten drugs of abuse in blood and urine matrix by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry: Implications for air crash investigation
Authors: Santhosh SR , Sampath S , Gupta A , Kumar A 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Many of abuse drugs can alter a person’s thinking and judgment, leading to health risks, including addiction, drugged driving and infectious disease. Use of illicit drugs by aviation employees is associated with a significantly increased risk of accidents. The detection and quantitation of drugs of abuse in blood is of growing interest in forensic and clinical toxicology. Generally, the screening for drugs of abuse is carried out by using commercially available immunoassay based urine cassettes; however, such results needs to be confirmed by advanced analytical tools like HPLC, GCMS and LCMS. There have been several attempts to develop confirmatory methods for drugs of abuse in blood and urine.

Material and Methods:
In the present study in our laboratory, a single method was attempted for simultaneous detection and quantification of 10 drugs of abuse in whole blood and urine matrix by GC-MS Selective Ion Monitoring (SIM) method.

Results:
Chromatographic separation was optimized and achieved for separation of all 10 compounds using Agilent DB-5MS column. Retention time (Rt), selectivity and sensitivity were achieved by measuring each analyte in Selective Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode. A simple sample preparation method was standardized for extraction of all 10 compounds from blood and urine.

Conclusion:
The developed method in the study permits identification of these analytes from same biological specimen in small quantities and the method is tested on blood and urine matrix spiked with known concentration of pure compounds.
Windblast testing of an aircrew helmet: An approach to neck load analysis
Authors: Tripathy NK , Divya N , Raghunandan V 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Modern generation fighter aircraft has expanded the escape envelope for a fighter aircrew. With the ejection occurring at very high airspeeds, windblast is a cause of major injuries and fatalities. Flying helmet, before its induction into operational usage, must be tested in simulated windblast conditions to ensure that they provide adequate safety.

Material and Methods:
Windblast tests were conducted on a newly designed/procured helmet in a standard windblast test facility as per Mil Std MIL-V-29591/1. A large instrumented Hybrid III male dummy was used for the tests. The test conditions were: Wind speed 600 ± 60 KEAS, rise time of 125 ± 20 ms, time at peak wind velocity of 300 ± 50 ms, and total exposure time of ≥3 s. Structural integrity, retention with the headform, and recorded neck loads were assessed for interpretation of test results.

Results:
Helmets could withstand the windblast conditions without any significant structural failures and were retained with the headform during the entire duration of test conditions. However, analysis of the neck loads resulted in a significant dilemma in aeromedical decision-making, there being no laid down criteria in the Mil Specification. The neck tension forces were more than the acceptable limits and found to have the potential for significant neck injuries as per the Injury Assessment Reference Values specified in AGARD-AR-330 specifically in the tests where blast was head on and outer visor in up configuration; however, these values were within the acceptable limits as per the other proposed criteria. Similarly, analysis of the neck tension extension combined effects revealed conflicting outcomes for Nij performance limits specified in various standards. This paper discusses the critical analysis of neck loads vis-à-vis the neck injury criteria to understand the neck loads generated during windblast conditions and its implication on aircrew safety.

Conclusion:
Neck loads assessment is critical in predicting aircrew safety during windblast testing. In the absence of a clearly defined criteria in the Mil Specification, critical ananlysis of neck loads vis-à-vis recommended standards in scientific literature be done to make meaningful conclusion.
ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES IN ASSIUT GOVERNORATE, UPPER EGYPT
Authors: Mamdouh S. Morsi , Farrag Abdelhai A. , Sayed Esam E. A. El 
Published: October 2020

A general increase of water demand in Egypt is prominently denoted. This situation is more noticeable in the Middle and Upper Egypt of arid Zone and limited water resources in which Assiut is one of the governorates of this Zone. The main objectives of this study are to assess the groundwater quality for irrigation, and to present solutions for managing and protecting these resources in Assiut area. To achieve that, one hundred and nine groundwater samples were collected from Quaternary aquifer during autumn of the year 2013. Chemical analysis was carried out and analyzed for major and trace elements according to the irrigation water guidelines of (FAO, 1985), and Rowe, et al. 1995, taking into account the spatial variations and the representation of the hydrochemical data. The results show that 47% none degree of restriction on use and 52% Slightly to moderate degree of restriction on use, According TDS hazarded. 55 % belongs to (C2-S1) good water for irrigation all crops in all soils and45 % belongs to (C3 -S1) good water for irrigation all crops in all soils under ordinary and specific condition like adequate drainage and leaching, According U.S. salinity laboratory staff classification depend on (EC,TDS and SAR) hazarded. while according to RSC (residual sodium carbonate100% Low RSC hazard (safe water for irrigation. 89% Excellent water for irrigation sensitive all crops and low likelihood of soil problems and11% good to permissible for irrigation semi - tolerant and tolerant crops and slightly to moderate likelihood of soil problems according Boron content, in compared to recommended limits in (FAO, 1995, 2010) guideline for irrigation water. Consequently, it is recommended to prevent the sewage and domestic waste water, and the industrial waste water from direct disposal without treatment to the ground wells, irrigation canals and River Nile; avoiding the construction of open septic tanks, especially near the pumping wells; controlling the use of fertilizers and pesticides in the agriculture purposes; selected the suitable crops for every sector (area) according to the chemical character's of the available irrigation water and soil properties.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI W. S. R. SCIATICA: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Doke Sagar Yashwant , Pathade Chandrakant N. 
Published: October 2020

Gridhrasi is one of the “Nanatmaja Vyadhis of vata”. Improper sitting postures continuous and over exertion, jerking movements during travelling and sports produce structural abnormality in spinal cord. Vata is the prime dosha in the causation of Gridhrasi. The vitiated vata dosha get localized in the sphik, kati region. Occasionally it will be associated with kapha producing vata kaphaj Gridhrasi.
Gridhrasi is shoolpradhan vyadhi so it causes great discomfort to the patient. Pain primarily starts in the sphik region and in kati which can be related to lumbosacral region where sciatic nerve root starts. Pain later radiates through the posterior aspect of uru, janu, jangha, pada.
Gridrasi is cured by the help of shamana chikitsa. Hence in the case study of male patient of age 48 yrs presenting with cardinal clinical sign and symptoms of Gridhrasi are Ruka, Toda, Stambha and Muhu Spandana in the Sphika, Kati, Uru,Janu, Jangha and Pad in order and Sakthikshepanigraha that is restricted lifting of the leg.