bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Richer Community of Botryosphaeriaceae Within a Less Diverse Community of Fungal Endophytes in Grapevines than in Adjacent Forest Trees Revealed by a Mixed Metabarcoding Strategy
Authors: Laurent Benoit , Marchand Marylise , Chancerel Emilie , Saint-Jean Gilles , Capdevielle Xavier , Poeydebat Charlotte , Bellée Anthony , Comont Gwenaëlle , Villate Laure , Desprez-Loustau Marie-Laure 
Published: May 2020

Botryosphaeriaceae are a diverse group of endophytic fungi colonizing the inner tissue of many woody species. As opportunist pathogens, they have been increasingly involved in diebacks worldwide. Nonetheless, the diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae, especially in asymptomatic plants, remains largely unknown. Using an innovative and mixed strategy of metabarcoding, this study aims to investigate the diversity of the fungal endophyte community, with a focus on Botryosphaeriaceae, which colonize grapevine and adjacent oak and pine trees in a French landscape. These data were used to test if the differentiation between hosts is more important than geographical effects for shaping the Botryosphaeriaceae communities and whether that similarity is higher between communities of grapevine and oak (both Angiosperms) than between oak and pine trees. We revealed a high level of diversity in Botryosphaeriaceae fungi, in both grapevines and forest trees, with a greater richness for grapevines. Contrasting results were obtained for the endophytic community, which was more diverse in forest trees. Our results support the hypothesis that host factors prevail on geographic effects to explain the diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae at the studied spatial scale. However, the features of the agroecosystem, such as management practices, were suggested to be more important than phylogeny to structure the fungal community. This highlights the importance of management practices for the microbiome of plants. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
The Conscientious Use of Images Illustrating Diversity in Medical Education Marketing
Authors: Hernandez Rachael , Hoffmann-Longtin Krista , Patrick Shawn , Tucker-Edmonds Brownsyne , Rucker Sydney , Livingston Nikki 
Published: May 2020

An institution’s marketing materials are an important part of presenting its culture. In 2018, communication professionals in the Office of Faculty Affairs, Professional Development, and Diversity at the Indiana University School of Medicine recognized after reviewing the literature that using images illustrating diversity in marketing materials may have unintended negative consequences and could potentially reflect poorly on the institution. Representations of diversity that are discordant with the actual demographics of an institution can create distrust among faculty, students, and staff who discover an institution is not as diverse or supportive of diversity as their marketing materials suggest. If institutions adopt an aspirational approach to images and depict more diversity than actual demographics reflect, the authors of this Perspective recommend that they both develop marketing materials that present a widely diverse selection of images and demonstrate transparency in their communication strategies.
To improve their promotional materials, the authors conducted an analysis of their institution’s strategy for selecting images for these materials, identified institutional goals related to the strategic use of images, created training materials for staff, and drafted a public-facing statement about diversity in images. These measures are a significant step forward in cultivating the ethical use of images illustrating diversity. In the future, institutions should highlight their approaches to using images to portray diversity, as well as photograph and document a wide range of events that represent diverse topics and individuals. When these images are used for marketing purposes, it is also important to ensure that they are used in an appropriate context and not selected with the single goal of presenting diversity. Future research should focus on how underrepresented students and faculty interpret the use of diverse images in marketing, as well as their preferences for the use of their own images in marketing materials portraying diversity.
Normal Wrist Development in Children and Adolescents: A Geometrical Observational Analysis Based on Plain Radiographs
Authors: Sallam Asser A. , Briffa Nikolai , Mahmoud Samer S. , Imam Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
To investigate the geometric development of the wrist in relation to the changes in its ossification pattern. This study will help the treating surgeon to identify early deviations from normal in children with musculoskeletal disorders and provide a template for anatomic reduction after trauma scenarios.

Methods:
A retrospective multicenter analysis was carried out of radiographs of 896 children (896 posteroanterior and 896 lateral views) with normal wrists from January 1996 till April 2016. We stratified patients into different yearly age groups; these included 16 age groups from 1 to 16 years, and 2 sex groups: males and females. We evaluated, depending on the wrist ossification pattern, the ulnar variance, radial and carpal heights, carpal height ratio, radial inclination, volar tilt, together with radiocarpal, scapholunate, and capitate-lunate angles and scapholunate distance.

Results:
Our analysis showed that the ulna minus variance predominates in children. Radial height, radial inclination, and radiocarpal angle increase steadily during growth and reach their respective expected values at the beginning of the pubertal growth spurt. The scapholunate and capitolunate angles showed a downward trend with growth till reaching the adult values at puberty. Carpal height increased constantly, whereas the carpal height ratio was similar to that in adults. Volar tilt was not developed until the age of 12 years, when it started to increase gradually to reach the adult values by puberty. Both sexes have similar measurements.

Conclusions:
Most radiologic parameters showed reproducible anatomic changes till the 12-year-old time-point. After that, there are minimal changes till adulthood.

Clinical Relevance:
The study findings offer a template of pediatric normal values guiding hand and pediatric surgeons in treatment of children with wrist pathology.
Three Principles Informing Simulation-Based Continuing Education to Promote Effective Interprofessional Collaboration: Reorganizing, Reframing, and Recontextualizing
Authors: Hopwood Nick , Blomberg Marie , Dahlberg Johanna , Abrandt Dahlgren Madeleine 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
Shoulder dystocia is a complex birth emergency where patient outcomes remain a concern. This article investigates the detailed processes of simulation-based continuing education in a hospital where evidence over 10 years demonstrates improvements in practitioner knowledge, enacted practices, and maternal and child outcomes.

Methods:
Data were collected by video recording teams participating in a shoulder dystocia simulation and debrief. Analysis combined grounded thematic development with purposive coding of enactments of a relevant protocol (the ALSO HELPERR).

Results:
Three themes were identified (three Rs) that capture how effective interprofessional collaboration is promoted through collectively oriented reflection: Reorganizing roles and responsibilities between team members; Reframing the problem of shoulder dystocia from individuals correctly following a protocol, to a team of professionals who need to attune to, respond to, and support one another; and Recontextualizing by collectively “commingling” theoretical knowledge with practical experience to reflect on actions and judgements.

Discussion:
The three Rs are relevant to diverse clinical settings and address gaps in knowledge relating to the process of interprofessional simulation. Together, they constitute a set of principles to inform the design and conduct of continuing education for interprofessional practice through simulation.
Energizing the Conversation
Authors: Sakowski Stacey A. , Feldman Eva L. , Jagsi Reshma , Singer Kanakadurga 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Gender inequality exists in advanced faculty and leadership positions at academic medical centers; however, despite growing awareness, how to best approach and rectify the issue is unknown. To energize the conversation on gender inequality at one academic medical center, chairs and women faculty were surveyed to identify barriers faced by women navigating their careers. A symposium with short talks to increase awareness, a panel with University leaders to discuss issues and successful strategies to overcome gaps, and focus groups to delve further into key areas that underlie inequity through an active café style format were planned and implemented. This multifaceted approach resulted in a wealth of knowledge. The symposium and panel highlighted important relevant issues and offered personal strategies for successful career advancement, while the focus group discussions further identified barriers and inspired ongoing efforts across departments and novel approaches to overcome three key issues (work-life integration, deliberate promotion of mentor/sponsor relationships, and overcoming unconscious bias) identified through the initial surveys. Compiled data were then disseminated to participants and University leaders to enhance awareness of available programs and prompt action in critical areas lacking support. Overall, the approach indicated that securing support from leaders and the academic community alike are pertinent to emphasize actions needed to overcome issues affecting women in academic medicine. Moreover, bringing leaders and faculty together for an informational session and brainstorming appears to energize the conversation. Such efforts can ultimately instill change and establish an inclusive environment where all members of the academic medicine community can thrive.
Factors associated with counseling and postoperative hormone therapy use in surgically menopausal women
Authors: Verrilli Lauren , Brown Heidi , Williams Makeba 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective:
To determine the rates of and factors associated with preoperative counseling about menopausal symptoms and use of hormone therapy postoperatively in surgically menopausal women.

Methods:
This retrospective chart review included patients who underwent bilateral oophorectomies before age 52 at an academic institution during a 3-year period. We used descriptive analyses to characterize the sample and logistic regression to identify factors associated with preoperative counseling about and postoperative systemic hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms.

Results:
This review included 152 patients with a mean age of 44 ± 5 years (range 28-51). The indications for surgery were risk reduction (66%), BRCA positive (35%), and history of breast cancer (38%). One-third of women were not counseled preoperatively about menopausal symptoms. Women with cardiovascular disease and older age were less likely to receive preoperative counseling. Preoperative counseling was positively associated with risk reducing surgery.
Out of 124 women with postoperative data regarding symptoms and treatment, 90 (73%) experienced vasomotor symptoms, 33 (27%) received hormone therapy (systemic or vaginal), 61 (49%) received other therapies, and 41 (33%) did not receive therapy. Younger age and negative history of breast cancer were significantly associated with systemic estrogen therapy use.

Conclusions:
Within our cohort, 66% had no documentation of counseling about menopausal symptoms before surgical menopause. Most women experienced symptoms postoperatively, but less than one-third of symptomatic women received hormone therapy. We have an opportunity to improve anticipatory guidance and informed consent for women undergoing surgical menopause.
Experience With 0.1% Tacrolimus Eye Drop for Noninfectious, Non-necrotizing Anterior Scleritis
Authors: Yazu Hiroyuki , Miyazaki Dai , Fujishima Hiroshi 
Published: May 2020

Objectives:
To report experience with 0.1% tacrolimus eye drops in the treatment of noninfectious, non-necrotizing anterior scleritis.

Methods:
This prospective, single-arm study included nine patients (4 men and 5 women; mean age=59.4 years, SD=10.5) with anterior scleritis. All patients were first treated with steroids for 1 month and then switched to tacrolimus eye drops alone. We defined baseline as the initiation of tacrolimus eye drops. Hyperemia and pain were scored before each treatment, at 1 and 2 weeks, and at 1 month after initiation of each treatment using 5 grades (0=none; 1+=mild; 2+=moderate; 3+=severe; 4+=extremely severe). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was also measured during treatment with each drug. Safety was assessed based on the severity and the incidence of adverse events.

Results:
The scores of hyperemia and pain had significantly decreased from baseline by 1 week after initiating tacrolimus eye drops (both P<0.05). No significant reduction was observed with steroid treatment throughout the 1-month period in both scores. Tacrolimus eye drops elicited statistically significant differences in mean IOP over the course of treatment (P=0.02). No additional medications were required to provide relief in any of the patients receiving tacrolimus treatment. No patient demonstrated infectious adverse events after initiation of tacrolimus treatment.

Conclusions:
Topical tacrolimus may effectively and immediately reduce clinical signs and symptoms of noninfectious, non-necrotizing anterior scleritis in cases unresponsive to a course of topical steroid.
Antibiotic Resistance and Treatment Options for Multidrug-Resistant Gonorrhea
Authors: Yang Fan , Yan Jing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease with a high global incidence. Its causative agent, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, has shown a remarkable flexibility to adapt and become resistant to all antimicrobials introduced over the past century for gonococcal therapy. The currently last available first-line therapy that is recommended in most countries is ceftriaxone. However, resistance levels against ceftriaxone are rising globally and incidences of confirmed treatment failure are increasingly encountered, particularly with the global spreading of the ceftriaxone-resistant FC428 clone in recent years. Resistance against most antimicrobials has been the result of adaptive genomic mutations that reduce affinity of the antimicrobial to its target protein or rRNA, although most multidrug-resistant strains also appear to have an upregulated multidrug efflux pump. To ensure gonococcal treatment remains available in the future, alternative therapies are urgently needed. Therefore, both alternative clinically approved antimicrobials and novel antimicrobials have been intensely studied both in gonococcal susceptibility analyses and clinical efficacy trials. Although there have been some limited successes, all studied alternative therapies that reached clinical trials have displayed some shortcomings in their efficacy against pharyngeal infections and/or overlapping resistance determinants with previously or currently used antimicrobials. This review summarizes the development of gonococcal antimicrobial resistance over the past century, describes the mechanisms involved in antimicrobial resistance, and provides an overview of the alternative therapies that have been under investigation this past decade.
Screening-based and Risk-based Strategy for the Prevention of Early-onset Group B Streptococcus/Non-group B Streptococcus Sepsis in the Neonate: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Qiu-ya , Wang Ding-yuan , Li Hong-tian , Liu Jian-meng 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Screening-based and risk-based strategies are the 2 strategies for preventing group B streptococcus (GBS) diseases in neonates. We aimed to compare the effects of these 2 strategies in reducing the incidence of early-onset GBS sepsis (GBS-EOS) and their effects on the incidence of non-GBS sepsis.

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for the period from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2018. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies that compared the effects of risk-based and screening-based strategies were eligible for the meta-analysis. The I

2
statistic was used for assessing the statistical heterogeneity across studies. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random effects model.

Results:
There were 18 cohort studies comparing the incidence of GBS-EOS between the 2 strategies, involving a total of 604,869 newborns and 791 GBS-EOS cases. The heterogeneity across studies was moderate (I

2
= 45%), and the pooled analysis yielded a 55% decreased risk of GBS-EOS for screening-based versus risk-based strategy (RR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.34–0.59). For total early onset non-GBS sepsis (non-GBS-EOS), 7 studies with low heterogeneity (I

2
= 18%) had a pooled RR of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.74–1.11), whereas for ampicillin resistant Escherichia coli-EOS, a subgroup of non-GBS-EOS, 3 studies with very low heterogeneity (I

2
= 0%) had a pooled RR of 1.28 (95% CI: 0.74–2.21) for screening-based strategy compared with risk-based strategy.

Conclusions:
Compared with risk-based strategy, screening-based prophylaxis was associated with a reduced risk of GBS-EOS.
Long-term Mortality and Risk of Epilepsy in Children and Young Adults With Brain Abscess
Authors: Bodilsen Jacob , Dalager-Pedersen Michael , Nielsen Henrik 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The long-term prognosis of brain abscess is unclear.

Methods:
Using nationwide, population-based medical registries, we included all individuals <20 years of age hospitalized with first-time diagnosis of brain abscess in Denmark from 1982 to 2016. A comparison cohort individually matched for age, sex and residence was identified, as were siblings of all study participants. Next, cumulative incidence curves of mortality and new-onset epilepsy were constructed, and Cox regression was used for analyses of hazard rate ratios (HRRs) with 95% confidence intervals.

Results:
We identified 155 brain abscess patients and 1,550 population controls with median follow-up times of 15 years (interquartile range, 6–25) and 16 years (interquartile range, 11–26). Ear–nose–throat infections (22%) and congenital heart disease (13%) were the most common predisposing conditions for brain abscess. Overall mortality was 21/155 (14%) in brain abscess patients versus 20/1,550 (1%) in population controls. The corresponding HRRs were 150 (95% confidence interval: 19.8–1,116) after 1 year of observation, 24.6 (4.78–127) after 2–5 years and 0.66 (0.09–4.98) after 6–30 years. New-onset epilepsy occurred in 28% of 30-day brain abscess survivors versus 1% in population controls yielding a HRR of 29.6 (14.4–60.8) adjusted for previous head trauma, stroke and cancer. Analyses of sibling cohorts showed that family-related factors did not explain the observed increased risks of death or epilepsy among brain abscess patients.

Conclusions:
Brain abscess is associated with increased risk of mortality for up to 5 years. New-onset epilepsy occurred in 28% of survivors and remained a risk for several years after infection.
Conversion of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Sweat Gland-Like Cells: An In Vitro Phenotypic Study
Authors: Qiang Shuai , Wang Xiao-Meng , Zhang Cheng-Kun , Liu Ying , Xiao Zhi-Bo , Li Qiang , Li Feng-Yong , Zhou Yu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective:
This study was performed to explore the conversion of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into sweat gland-like cells for the purpose of sweat gland regeneration.

Methods:
ADSCs and human sweat gland (hSG) cells were isolated, cultured, and identified. The ADSCs were then cultured in combination with epidermal growth factor and/or cocultured with hSG cells in a Transwell coculturing system to transform the ADSCs into hSG-like cells. Phenotypic changes of the ADSCs were examined by morphological observation and immunocytochemical analysis of specific markers.

Results:
The ADSCs showed sweat gland-like morphologic changes and expressed sweat gland markers (cytokeratins 7, 14, and 18).

Conclusion:
These findings revealed that ADSCs can differentiate into hSG-like cells after coculture in a Transwell system and that epidermal growth factor can enhance the efficiency of differentiation. ADSCs may serve as a potential source of cells for sweat gland regeneration.
A Case Report of Inflammatory Disseminated Superficial Porokeratosis: An Eruptive Pruritic Papular Variant of Porokeratosis
Authors: Luo Ling-Ling , Chen Hao , Zeng Xue-Si , Cui Pan-Gen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Eruptive pruritic papular porokeratosis (EPPP) is a rare variant of porokeratosis. Several cases of this varient of porokeratosis had been reported.
Here, we reported an old man with this rare kind of porokeratosis which is often eruptive and pruritic.

Case report:
A 72 years-old Chinese man presented to our hospital with intensively pruritic papular lesions on his trunk and limbs. Physical examination showed numerous scattered keratotic papules measuring 35 mm in diameter on his trunk and extremities. Some coalesced into anannular lesion with a slightly raised peripheral red rim. A tissue biopsy revealed the presence of a cornoid lamella. The patient was diagnosed with EPPP. After 3-months’ treatment of antihistamines and topical steroid agents, the lesions and the pruritus were diminished.

Discussion:
EPPP predominantly happens in an old male demographic. Patients with EPPP often develop pruritic papules spread on the body with or without preexisting typical porokeratosis lesions, and the lesions can subside within few months, leaving small brown spots or annular lesions. EPPP has the unique histological characteristic of porokeratosis cornoid lamella. The mechanism of EPPP is still unknown. It is important for clinicians to be aware of a disseminated pruritic papules as a manifestation of EPPP.

Conclusion:
The lesion of porokeratosis can be manifested as eruptive papules with intensive itch. When a patient develops eruptive pruritic papules, it is necessary to consider the possibility of EPPP. Histopathology is necessary for diagnosis.