bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allometric scaling of eDNA production in stream‐dwelling brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) inferred from population size structure
Authors: Yates Matthew C. , Wilcox Taylor M. , McKelvey Kevin S. , Young Michael K. , Schwartz Michael K. , Derry Alison M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) concentration exhibits a positive correlation with organism abundance in nature, but modeling this relationship could be substantially improved by incorporating the biology of eDNA production. A recent model (Molecular Ecology, 10.1111/mec.15543) extended models of physiological allometric scaling to eDNA production, hypothesizing that brook trout eDNA production scales nonlinearly with mass as a power function with scaling coefficients <1 in lakes. To validate this hypothesis, we reanalyzed previously published data (Biological Conservation, 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.12.023) that examined the correlation between eDNA concentration and brook trout abundance in streams. We found that allometrically scaled mass (ASM) (e.g., ∑(individual mass0.36) best described patterns of eDNA concentration across streams (r2 = 0.43). ASM exhibited substantially improved model fit relative to biomass (r2 = 0.31, ∆AIC = 5.19), indicating that eDNA production did not scale linearly with biomass. However, the explanatory power of ASM was comparable to density (r2 = 0.40, ∆AIC = 1.25). Additionally, the optimal scaling coefficient estimated from the data (0.36) was substantially lower than that found in the previous study. Discrepancies between datasets could be attributable to ecological differences between study habitats (streams vs. lakes) or due to the exclusion of juveniles (i.e., individuals <75 mm) that can be abundant in stream environments. Nevertheless, this study adds to the growing body of literature demonstrating that individual eDNA production does not scale linearly with biomass.
Metabarcoding as a tool to enhance marine surveillance of nonindigenous species in tropical harbors: A case study in Tahiti
Authors: Pearman John K. , von Ammon Ulla , Laroche Olivier , Zaiko Anastasija , Wood Susanna A. , Zubia Mayalen , Planes Serge , Pochon Xavier 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlobalization has increased connectivity between countries enhancing the spread of marine nonindigenous species (NIS). The establishment of marine NIS shows substantial negative effects on the structure and functioning of the natural ecosystems by competing for habitats and resources. Ports are often hubs for the spread of NIS via commercial and recreational vessels. Prevention, detection, and mitigation efforts are required to avoid and manage the establishment of NIS in new ecosystems. In this study, metabarcoding approaches targeting the nuclear small‐subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene were used to investigate planktonic and sessile (i.e., biofouling) communities and NIS at four locations in Tahiti, including two marinas and one port with varying anthropogenic impacts, and a relatively pristine site (Manava) used as a control. ASV richness values showed significant differences (18S rRNA gene: p = .023; COI: p < .001) between locations in the plankton samples, with the control site (low impact) having the highest diversity for both genes. ASV richness was also significantly different among locations for the biofouling samples in the COI dataset (p = .002). Community composition differed between locations with spatial patterns appearing stronger for the plankton samples compared with the biofouling samples. Detection of NIS based on selected lists of globally invasive species revealed a wide diversity of potentially invasive taxa especially in the more anthropogenically impacted regions. The use of a multigene approach improved the detection of NIS. This study demonstrates the utility of using a metabarcoding approach to routinely monitor areas most at risk from NIS establishment in Tahiti and other coastal nations. These coastal nations are vulnerable to shipping‐mediated incursions, and baseline information is required for both native diversity and nonindigenous diversity.
Flood hazard assessment and characteristics of cement kiln dust in Ain Sukhna industrial area, north‐western part of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Redwan Mostafa , Mahran Tawfiq Mohamed , Mohamed Mostafa Tantawy , Mohamed Youssif Shaban 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics combined with heavy elements concentrations of Cement kiln dust (CKD) in Ain Sukhna industrial area, North‐western part of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt and the influence of flash floods in its stability. Flooding severity is moderate with several water erosional processes. The CKD characterized by very poorly sorted/very fine‐sands to silt. CaO and SiO2 are major components with enrichment of chloride/sulfate ions. High enrichment of Sr, Zn, Pb, Cd, Sb, and Se are related to variations in shale/limestone feeds during cement formation. The threshold effect level exceeds the standard value for Cd, Pb, and Zn at S3 that indicates adverse biological effects. Sylvite, calcite, and halite minerals were dominated. Three main principal components recognized the shale, calcium/magnesium carbonate dissolution, and the scavenging effect of sulfate for heavy elements. Monitoring the CKD leachability and proper management plans are prerequisite for environmental protection in the future.
Variance‐based sensitivity analyses and uncertainty quantification for FEMA P‐58 consequence predictions
Authors: Cremen Gemma , Baker Jack W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEarthquake loss assessment procedures for individual buildings can be a useful tool for various stakeholders, including building owners, insurers, and lenders. However, it is often not possible to provide complete information for the required inputs to these procedures because there is substantial cost and effort associated with gathering necessary data. It is therefore important to understand how different inputs to these procedures (building information/ground shaking intensity) impact the loss predictions. This can be done via sensitivity analyses. We conduct variance‐based sensitivity analyses for the FEMA P‐58 methodology, a building‐specific seismic performance assessment procedure that is making its way into seismic design and risk analysis practice. We determine how variations in different input variables of the methodology affect predictions of building loss ratio and reoccupancy time, and benchmark calculated sensitivities using the HAZUS earthquake loss estimation methodology . We also quantify additional uncertainty in consequence predictions caused by uncertainty in input variables. We use an example site in downtown Los Angeles and consider a 7‐story and a 14‐story building. Of the six inputs considered in the analyses, building loss ratio predictions are most sensitive to shaking intensity and building age, while reoccupancy time predictions are most sensitive to shaking intensity and the type of lateral system/building period. The largest additional uncertainties in building loss ratio predictions are caused by the building's lateral system or age (or both) being unknown. The results of this study provide an enhanced understanding of the interaction between inputs and consequence predictions of the P‐58 methodology.
The active layer in gravel‐bed rivers: An empirical appraisal
Authors: Vázquez‐Tarrío D. , Piqué G. , Vericat D. , Batalla R.J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe vertical position of the streambed–water boundary fluctuates during the course of sediment transport episodes, due to particle entrainment/deposition and bedform migration, amongst other hydraulic and bedload mechanisms. These vertical oscillations define a topmost stratum of the streambed (i.e. the ‘active layer or active depth’), which usually represents the main source of particles entrained during long and high‐magnitude bedload transport episodes. The vertical extent of this layer is hence a capital parameter for the quantification of bedload volumes and a major driver of stream ecology in gravel‐bed rivers. However, knowledge on how the active depth scales to flow strength and the nature of the different controls on the relation between the flow strength and the active depth is still scarce. In this paper we present a meta‐analysis over active depth data coming from ~130 transport episodes extracted from a series of published field studies. We also incorporate our own field data for the rivers Ebro and Muga (unpublished), both in the Iberian Peninsula. We explore the database searching for the influence of flow strength, grain size, streambed mobility and channel morphology on the vertical extent of the active layer. A multivariate statistical analysis (stepwise multiple regression) confirms that the set of selected variables explains a significant amount of variance in the compiled variables. The analysis shows a positive scaling between active depth and flow strength. We have also identified some links between the active depth and particle travel distances. However, these relations are also largely modulated by other fluvial drivers, such as the grain size of the bed surface and the dominant channel macro‐bedforms, with remarkable differences between plane‐bed, step‐pool and riffle‐pool channels. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton extrusion during oxidative burst in microglia exacerbates pathological acidosis following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ritzel Rodney M. , He Junyun , Li Yun , Cao Tuoxin , Khan Niaz , Shim Bosung , Sabirzhanov Boris , Aubrecht Taryn , Stoica Bogdan A. , Faden Alan I. , Wu Long‐Jun , Wu Junfang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcidosis is among the least studied secondary injury mechanisms associated with neurotrauma. Acute decreases in brain pH correlate with poor long‐term outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), however, the temporal dynamics and underlying mechanisms are unclear. As key drivers of neuroinflammation, we hypothesized that microglia directly regulate acidosis after TBI, and thereby, worsen neurological outcomes. Using a controlled cortical impact model in adult male mice we demonstrate that intracellular pH in microglia and extracellular pH surrounding the lesion site are significantly reduced for weeks after injury. Microglia proliferation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also increased during the first week, mirroring the increase in extracellular ROS levels seen around the lesion site. Microglia depletion by a colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor, PLX5622, markedly decreased extracellular acidosis, ROS production, and inflammation in the brain after injury. Mechanistically, we identified that the voltage‐gated proton channel Hv1 promotes oxidative burst activity and acid extrusion in microglia. Compared to wildtype controls, microglia lacking Hv1 showed reduced ability to generate ROS and extrude protons. Importantly, Hv1‐deficient mice exhibited reduced pathological acidosis and inflammation after TBI, leading to long‐term neuroprotection and functional recovery. Our data therefore establish the microglial Hv1 proton channel as an important link that integrates inflammation and acidosis within the injury microenvironment during head injury.
Importance of loneliness in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
Authors: Sun Weiyi , Matsuoka Teruyuki , Oba Hikaru , Narumoto Jin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesLoneliness is considered to be a crucial factor in mental health of elderly people. However, the effects of loneliness on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) have not been fully examined. The aim of this study was to investigate whether loneliness in patients with dementia is related to BPSD.MethodsA total of 152 patients with dementia were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI‐12) and the revised University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale. Spearman correlation analysis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests were used to examine factors associated with the revised UCLA loneliness scale. Logistic regression analysis with a forced entry method was performed to identify risk factors for BPSD.ResultsThe revised UCLA loneliness scale score was not significantly associated with age, years of education, mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) score, gender, living status, visual impairment, hearing impairment, and marital status. However, this score was a significant predictor of NPI delusion and hallucination subscale scores and Geriatric Depression Scale‐15 score. The MMSE score was a significant predictor of NPI anxiety and apathy subscale scores.ConclusionsLoneliness is a risk factor for BPSD, especially for depressive symptoms and psychosis. Paying attention to loneliness in patients with dementia will help medical staff to intervene in psychiatric symptoms of these patients at an early stage.
Hypergastrinemia is associated with an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma with proximal location: A prospective population‐based nested case‐control study
Authors: Ness‐Jensen Eivind , Bringeland Erling Audun , Mattsson Fredrik , Mjønes Patricia , Lagergren Jesper , Grønbech Jon Erik , Waldum Helge Lyder , Fossmark Reidar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe incidence of proximal gastric adenocarcinoma is increasing among younger adults. Rodent models have shown that hypergastrinemia causes carcinogenesis in the proximal stomach. The aim of our study was therefore to assess if hypergastrinemia was associated with an increased risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma also in humans. A prospective population‐based nested case‐control study within the Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) cohort, Norway, was used to assess this association. Serum was collected from 78 962 participants in 1995 to 1997 and 2006 to 2008. In the cohort, 181 incident gastric adenocarcinoma cases were identified from the Norwegian Cancer and Patient Registries through 2015 and matched with 359 controls. The risk of gastric adenocarcinoma was compared between participants with prediagnostic hypergastrinemia (>60 pmol/L) and normal serum gastrin (≤60 pmol/L). Logistic regression provided odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for body mass index, tobacco smoking and comorbidity. Hypergastrinemia was associated with increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma overall (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4‐3.4) and in particular for gastric adenocarcinoma with proximal location (OR 6.1, 95% CI 2.7‐13.8), but not with gastric adenocarcinoma with distal location (OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.9‐3.4). Moreover, hypergastrinemia was associated with an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma of intestinal histological type (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.8‐7.9), but not for diffuse histological type (OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.7‐3.7). In conclusion, hypergastrinemia was associated with an increased risk of proximal and intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma.
Understanding financial inclusion in East Africa: How does Tanzania compare?
Authors: Lotto Josephat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper primarily aimed at examining the level, and determinants of financial inclusion in Tanzania, comparing it with other East African Region member countries using the Global Findex (2017) database. The study reports some insightful findings. The results show that, financial inclusion is less developed in Tanzania than in other East African countries contrary to expectations. According to expectations from development finance theories financial inclusion directly relates to economic development. However, Tanzania having better GDP than its neighbour countries ranks behind other countries with lower GDPs. One may say that weak financial system, inappropriate policy and poor financial instruments hamper significant effect of finance on growth. The paper argues that regardless of a significant economic growth reported in Tanzania inability of the financial system to reach majority of the population may be considered as a major reason behind the unexpected link between economic growth and financial inclusion. Furthermore, the study shows that financial inclusion is positively related to the income level and education level of the households, and negatively relates to gender. Moreover, a non‐linear relationship between age and financial inclusion is reported‐ that is the relation is positive at a certain age level, and change to negative at a higher age level.Consequently, the study recommends promoting equal participation in both labor and financial markets, and that East African's Governments to fully capture the dynamics of markets and track informal as well as formal economic activities to attract inclusive economy which will, ultimately, match with financial inclusion agenda.
A preliminary study on the prenatal diagnosis of fetal conotruncal defects using intelligent navigation echocardiography
Authors: Chen Ran , Yang Liming , Wu Xia , Ma Mingming , Zhao Bowen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the accuracy, efficiency, and consistency between experienced and less‐experienced professionals using intelligent navigation echocardiography.MethodsIn this prospective study, we enrolled 93 second‐ and third‐trimester fetuses with conotruncal defects (CTD) from July 2017 to February 2018. One or more spatiotemporal image correlation volume data sets were collected per case. The fetuses with CTD were diagnosed by the following two groups of professionals (n = 20 in each) with different experience levels using intelligent navigation echocardiography and two‐dimensional ultrasound: group A with 15 years of experience and group B with 1 year of experience. The diagnostic consistency and accuracy of the technologies between the two groups were analyzed.ResultsSatisfactory consistency was noted in the two groups (group A, τ = 0.855, P < 0.05, and group B, τ = 0.821, P < 0.05), and no significant difference in accuracy (χ2 = 3.218, P > 0.05) in using intelligent navigation echocardiography was reported between the two groups. However, there a significant difference in accuracy (χ2 = 0.021, P < 0.05) when using two‐dimensional ultrasound was observed between the two groups.ConclusionIntelligent navigation echocardiography was found to be efficient and accurate for the diagnosis of CTD and good consistency existed in the experienced and less‐experienced professionals.
Neopterin serum level does not reflect the disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hejrati Alireza , Taghadosi Mahdi , Alizadeh‐Navaei Reza , Hosseinzadeh Shahnaz , Bashash Davood , Esmaili Mozhgan , Zafari Parisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by established chronic inflammation. Neopterin levels have extensively been considered as a marker of immune activation during inflammation. In this study, we performed a systematic evaluation and meta‐analysis to elucidate the overall relationship between neopterin concentration and RA disease activity. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus from 2000 to August 2020. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of eligible studies. The effect size (ES) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate this association. A total of 15 studies out of 98 met our inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis found that patients with RA had high level of neopterin; however, no statistically significant association was found between neopterin levels with high, intermediate, and low diseases activity score (DAS)‐28 (ES =11.18, 95% CI: 6.02 to 16.34, and I2 = 91.8%; and ES = 8.57, 95% CI: 6.41 to 10.37, and I2 = 99.5%; and ES =12.45, 95% CI: −1.68 to 26.58, and I2 = 99.0%, respectively). Our results indicated that the neopterin concentration does not seem to have any substantial impact on the RA disease activity.
Total dose defines the incidence of percutaneous IgE/IgG1 mediated immediate‐type hypersensitivity caused by papain
Authors: Yokozeki Kyosuke , Yuki Takuo , Ogasawara Akira , Katagiri Asuka , Takahashi Yutaka , Basketter David , Sakaguchi Hitoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAssessment of human health risk requires an understanding of antigen dose metrics associated with toxicity. Whereas assessment of the human health risk for delayed‐type hypersensitivity is understood, the metrics remain unclear for percutaneous immediate‐type hypersensitivity (ITH) mediated by IgE/IgG1. In this work, we aimed to investigate the dose metric for percutaneous ITH mediated by IgE/IgG1 responses. Papain, which causes ITH via percutaneous sensitization in humans, was used to sensitize guinea pigs and mice. The total dose per animal or dose per unit area was adjusted to understand the drivers of sensitization. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for papain‐specific IgG1 enabled quantification of the response in guinea pigs. In mice, the number of antigen‐bearing B cells in the draining lymph nodes (DLN) was calculated using flow cytometry papain‐specific IgG1 and IgE levels were quantified by ELISA. PCA positive test rates and the amounts of antigen‐specific antibody corresponded with total dose per animal, not dose per unit area. Furthermore, the number of B cells taking up antigen within DLN also correlated with total dose. These findings indicate that the total antigen dose is the important metric for percutaneous IgE/IgG1‐mediated ITH.
Actin‐binding protein Anillin promotes the progression of gastric cancer in vitro and in mice
Authors: Jia Huanxia , Yu Fang , Li Baoyu , Gao Zhenya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo detect the expression levels of actin‐binding protein anillin (ANLN) in human gastric cancer (GC) tissues and explore the possible involvement of ANLN in GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.MethodsThe bioinformation analysis was performed in TCGA database to explore the expression of ANLN in human GC tissues and the difference of ANLN expression between multiple types of cancers. IHC assays and clinical pathological analysis were performed to confirm ANLN expression and its correlation with clinical features of GC patients. Colony formation, CCK‐8, wound closure, and transwell assays were performed to detect its effects on GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Tumor growth was also measured using a xenograft animal model.ResultsWe found the high expression of ANLN in human GC tissues based on the results from TCGA database and IHC staining. We further noticed ANLN depletion resulted in the inhibition of GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our data further confirmed that ANLN contributed to tumor growth of GC cells in vivo.ConclusionsWe confirmed the involvement of ANLN in GC progression and thought ANLN could serve as a promising therapeutic target for GC.