bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous versus intermittent theta burst stimulation in the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a glutamate transporters study
Authors: Ninkovic Milica , Djukic Mirjana , Mancic Bojana , Milosavljevic Petar , Stojanovic Ivana , Ilic Tihomir , Ilic Nela , Stevanovic Ivana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Synaptic overload with glutamate aggravates neurotransmission and worsen the progression of the neurodegenerative disease, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The experimentally induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats is a well-established animal model to study MS. Glutamate reuptake occurs by glial glutamate transporter (GLT-1), and glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) localized predominantly in astrocytes terminals. The focus of the study addressing the expression of these transporters in EAE rats and those subjected to theta burst stimulation (TBS), that promotes long-lasting modulation of neuronal activity in rats/humans. Leading by the reported outcomes of TBS, we examined if TBS underlying mechanisms refer to astroglial glutamate transporters status.Methods : We studied changes in the expression of glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 and glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), in the spinal cord of EAE rats, subjected to intermittent (iTBS) and continuous (cTBS) theta burst stimulation. We quantified the expression of GLAST, GLT-1, and GFAP by immunofluorescence in control and experimental groups of Dark Agouti rats.Results: EAE elevated expression of GFAP, GLAST, and GLT-1. Both TBSs reduced the expression of GFAP. Continual TBS did not interfere with glutamate transporters in EAE rats, while iTBS decreased GLT-1, and increased GLAST.Conclusion: Continual TBS reduced astrogliosis more efficiently than iTBS, in EAE rats. Besides, it did not mitigate the glutamate transporters' expression; thus, glutamate reuptake remained upraised in cTBS exposed EAE rats. Accordingly, we concluded that cTBS might advance the remyelination of damaged neuronal cells in EAE rats. The future clinical trials on the treatment of MS may consider the data of this pre-clinical animal study.
Gua Sha attenuates the pulmonary inflammation in mice infected with PR8 virus by balancing the ratio of Treg/Th17
Authors: Li Yalan , Wang Yongan , Kong Jingwei , Liu Zirui , Ge Dongyu , Dong Ruijuan , Peng Guiying 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Gua Sha, an ancient Chinese treatment which produces the pressure on the skin, is used to prevent and treat cold for thousands of years. There’re evidences to approve that it can activate immune response and reduce the inflammation. However, how it has the effect on T helper 17 cells (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) is poorly understood. Here, this study aims at the relationship between the pressure-stoke in the skin and pulmonary Th17 as well as Treg in PR8-infected mice. Methods: ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups. The body weight and survival rates of all groups were monitored through the experiment. At the end of experiment, lung inflammation was detected by HE staining and the expression of Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was measured by immunohistochemistry. Th17 and Treg from lung tissues was analyzed by flow cytometry. esults: Our results indicated that the survival rates of prophylactic and therapeutic group respectively showed 20% and 10% though Gua Sha treatment didn’t restore the weight-loss of PR8-infected mice. What’s more important, Gua Sha remarkably inhibited inflammatory infiltration and the expression of MMP-9 of lung tissues in infected mice ( p ＜0.05). Finally, the ratio of Treg/Th17 from lung tissues in PR8-infected mice was significantly increased as compared with control mice while Gua Sha treatment remarkably inhibited this enhancement. All these results indicated that Gua Sha has the efficacy on reducing the pulmonary inflammation in PR8-infected mice possibly via restoring the Treg/Th17 balance. Conclusions: Our findings for the first time suggest that Gua Sha exhibits a significant inhibition of inflammatory infiltration with down-regulation of MMP-9 in lung tissues from RR8-infected mice, which might be associated with the differentiation of Th17 and Treg. Further research will be carried toward how Gua Sha functions on maintaining the homeostasis of Th17 and Treg in the lungs.
Development ethnography and the limits of practice: a case study of life stories from Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Fèvre Sonia 
Published: April 2020

Drawing on life story interviews, this paper shows how individuals in Aceh, Indonesia, experienced social and economic changes after the Indian Ocean tsunami, while also continuing to grieve. It discusses the importance for the anthropologist of managing different identities, such as development worker and ethnographer, in a way that is ethical and appropriate, and considers how an engagement with development can enhance the resources and methodologies available to ethnographers to improve their practice of applied anthropology. Some of the ethical and practical challenges of working with communities who have experienced trauma are discussed, and insights and methodologies from the fields of oral history and counselling are proposed, which could help anthropologists to use more contextualised and adaptive approaches in their practice. In particular, issues of informant vulnerability and the importance of training and support are considered for ethnographers working with communities who have experienced trauma.
Podcasts and Proposals: Designing Knowledge Exchange Activities and Identifying User Referees for a Funding Application
Authors: Konopinski Natalie 
Published: April 2020

What practical and ethical dilemmas do anthropologists face in the design of knowledge transfer activities for research proposals? Funding councils increasingly view knowledge exchange as an essential component of social science research. Knowledge exchange also entails the forging of reciprocal relations with informants or “users” and the identification of non-academic “user referees” to comment on the applicability and usefulness of the research. This paper reflects on some of the issues and concerns relating to knowledge exchange that arose during the process of writing a multi-researcher, multi-sited funding application. It addresses issues surrounding the planning of audiovisual knowledge exchange activities at the proposal stage (such as podcasts, interactive websites, photographs, and art installations), and aims to initiate discussion about the implications of Knowledge Exchange for ethnographic practice.
The endothelial glycocalyx: research methods and prospects for their use in endothelial dysfunction assessment
Authors: Vlasov T. D. , Lazovskaya O. A. , Shimanski D. A. , Nesterovich I. I. , Shaporova N. L. 
Published: April 2020

A modern concept of the endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of many diseases includes the glycocalyx damage along with impaired of the morphology and function of endothelial cells. The glycocalyx is a gel-like submembrane complex of protein-carbohydrate, carbohydrate-lipid components and plasma molecules forming a three-dimensional network on the luminal surface of the endothelium. The features of the borderline location of endothelial glycocalyx in the vascular system determine various important functions: barrier, regulatory, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, mechanotransduction ones, etc. In recent years, due to the improvement of visualization methods endothelial glycocalyx structure has been detailed. Its physiological functions and the role in the development of some pathological conditions have been clarified. Modern methods of glycocalyx assessment include invasive and non-invasive research techniques. The most promising ones are dark-field microscopy and the determination of glycocalyx-associated biochemical markers. Endothelial glycocalyx damage is a universal pathogenetic component and the earliest marker of the development of most diseases. Therefore, the endothelial glycocalyx assessment refers to promising areas of research. The ability to correlate with other prognostic indicators allows us to consider the endothelial glycocalyx damage as a marker of the poor health prognosis. That is why, assessment of the endothelial glycocalyx condition will allow to personalize treatment and to prevent the diseases progression.
Der Digitale Zwilling – Probleme und Lösungsansätze
Authors: Winkler Sven , Schumann Marco , Apitzsch René , Klimant Franziska , Klimant Philipp 
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung
Der Digitale Zwilling wird bereits vielseitig in der Industrie eingesetzt, jedoch wird dessen Mehrwert oftmals nicht ausgeschöpft. Dieser Beitrag behandelt die im Rahmen verschiedener Forschungsprojekte und Industriekooperationen gesammelten Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse zum Digitalen Zwilling. Dabei wird auf die Herausforderungen bezüglich Schnittstellen, Datenhaltung, Nutzerakzeptanz eingegangen und Handlungsempfehlungen gegeben, um den Mehrwert des Digitalen Zwillings besser nutzbar zu machen.
Konstruksi Gender Dalam Relasi Intimate Relationship Pada Novel Friendzone: Lempar Kode Sembunyi Hati Karya Alnira (Sebuah Analisis Framing)
Authors: Wati Ratna , Hariyani Nunik , Sejati Veny Ari 
Published: April 2020

This thesis is titled Gender Construction in Intimate Relationship on “Friendzone: Lempar Kode Sembunyi Hati” Novel by Alnira (A Framing Analysis). The purpose of this research is to find the expression of feelings between men and women in intimate relationships through the novel characters, and discover the relationships that exist between gender construction and intimate relationships through the analysis of the Gamson and Modigliani framing models. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, where the data presented, are not in the form of numbers and more emphasis on meaning rather than generalization. Data collection techniques used are using documentation techniques and unobtrusive observation techniques, where this technique is a technique used to examine texts, and audio-visual recordings. This research was conducted during the 2019 October to January 2020. The research object is the novel “Friendzone: Lempar Kode Sembunyi Hati” by Alnira, that released on February 2018 with 300 pages. Then the object is dissected using the Gamson and Modigliani Framing analysis model to see how the expression of feelings constructed by gender in Dira and Ransi characters on the novel. The results of this research are, gender can affect the expression of a man and woman in expressing their feelings, where men express their feelings through gestures and non-verbal actions, while women need a recognition of the status of the relationship through their verbal. In addition, gender construction will influence the success of intimate relationships between men and women, if misunderstandings that occur due to differences in conversation patterns can be resolved.
On the Patterns Observed in Kepler Multi-planet Systems
Authors: Zhu 祝 Wei 伟 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Recent studies claimed that planets around the same star have similar sizes and masses and regular spacings, and that planet pairs usually show ordered sizes such that the outer planet is usually the larger one. Here I show that these patterns can be largely explained by detection biases. The Kepler planet detections are set by the transit signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). For different stellar properties and orbital period values, the same S/N corresponds to different planetary sizes. This variation in the detection threshold naturally leads to apparent correlations in planet sizes and the observed size ordering. The apparently correlated spacings, measured in period ratios, between adjacent planet pairs in systems with at least three detected planets are partially due to the arbitrary upper limit that the earlier study imposed on the period ratio, and partially due to the varying stability threshold for different planets. After these detection biases are taken into account, we do not find strong evidence for the so-called intra-system uniformity or the size ordering effect. Instead, the physical properties of Kepler planets are largely independent of the properties of their siblings and the parent star. It is likely that the dynamical evolution has erased the memory of Kepler planets about their initial formation conditions. In other words, it will be difficult to infer the initial conditions from the observed properties and the architecture of Kepler planets.
Where Did They Come From, Where Did They Go: Grazing Fireballs
Authors: Shober Patrick M. , Jansen-Sturgeon Trent , Sansom Eleanor K. , Devillepoix Hadrien A. R. , Towner Martin C. , Bland Phil A. , Cupák Martin , Howie Robert M. , Hartig Benjamin A. D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
For centuries extremely long grazing fireball displays have fascinated observers and inspired people to ponder about their origins. The Desert Fireball Network is the largest single fireball network in the world, covering about one third of Australian skies. This expansive size has enabled us to capture a majority of the atmospheric trajectory of a spectacular grazing event that lasted over 90 s, penetrated as deep as ∼58.5 km, and traveled over 1300 km through the atmosphere before exiting back into interplanetary space. Based on our triangulation and dynamic analyses of the event, we have estimated the initial mass to be at least 60 kg, which would correspond to a 30 cm object given a chondritic density (

). However, this initial mass estimate is likely a lower bound, considering the minimal deceleration observed in the luminous phase. The most intriguing quality of this close encounter is that the meteoroid originated from an Apollo-type orbit and was inserted into a Jupiter-family comet (JFC) orbit due to the net energy gained during the close encounter with Earth. Based on numerical simulations, the meteoroid will likely spend ∼200 kyr on a JFC orbit and have numerous encounters with Jupiter, the first of which will occur in 2025 January–March. Eventually the meteoroid will likely be ejected from the solar system or be flung into a trans-Neptunian orbit.
Host Galaxies of Type Ic and Broad-lined Type Ic Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory: Implications for Jet Production
Authors: Modjaz Maryam , Bianco Federica B. , Siwek Magdalena , Huang Shan , Perley Daniel A. , Fierroz David , Liu Yu-Qian , Arcavi Iair , Gal-Yam Avishay , Filippenko Alexei V. , Blagorodnova Nadia , Cenko Bradley S. , Kasliwal Mansi , Kulkarni Shri , Schulze Steve , Taggart Kirsty , Zheng Weikang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Unlike ordinary supernovae (SNe), some of which are hydrogen and helium deficient (called Type Ic SNe), broad-lined Type Ic SNe (SNe Ic-bl) are very energetic events, and only SNe Ic-bl are coincident with long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Understanding the progenitors of SN Ic-bl explosions versus those of their SN Ic cousins is key to understanding the SN–GRB relationship and jet production in massive stars. Here we present the largest existing set of host galaxy spectra of 28 SNe Ic and 14 SNe Ic-bl, all discovered by the same galaxy-untargeted survey, namely, the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). We carefully measure their gas-phase metallicities, stellar masses (M
*), and star formation rates (SFRs). We further reanalyze the hosts of 10 literature SN–GRBs using the same methods and compare them to our PTF SN hosts with the goal of constraining their progenitors from their local environments. We find that the metallicities, SFRs, and M
* values of our PTF SN Ic-bl hosts are statistically comparable to those of SN–GRBs but significantly lower than those of the PTF SNe Ic. The mass–metallicity relations as defined by the SNe Ic-bl and SN–GRBs are not significantly different from the same relations as defined by Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies, contradicting claims by earlier works. Our findings point toward low metallicity as a crucial ingredient for SN Ic-bl and SN–GRB production since we are able to break the degeneracy between high SFR and low metallicity. We suggest that the PTF SNe Ic-bl may have produced jets that were choked inside the star or were able to break out of the star as unseen low-luminosity or off-axis GRBs.
ALMA Imaging of the CO (7–6) Line Emission in the Submillimeter Galaxy LESS 073 at z = 4.755*
Authors: Zhao (赵应和) Yinghe , Lu Nanyao , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Gao Yu , Xu C. Kevin , Charmandaris Vassilis , Inami Hanae , Rigopoulou Dimitra , Sanders David B. , Huang Jiasheng , Wang Zhong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper we present our imaging observations on the CO (7−6) line and its underlying continuum emission of the young submillimeter galaxy LESS 073 at redshift 4.755, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. At the achieved resolution of ∼

(8 × 6 kpc2), the CO (7−6) emission is largely unresolved (with a deconvolved size of

), and the continuum emission is totally unresolved. The CO (7−6) line emission has an integrated flux of 0.86 ± 0.08 Jy km s−1, and a line width of 343 ± 40 km s−1. The continuum emission has a flux density of 0.51 mJy. By fitting the observed far-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) of LESS 073 with a single-temperature modified blackbody function, we obtained a dust temperature

K, 60–100 μm flux density ratio

, and total infrared luminosity

. The SED-fit-based

is consistent with those estimated from various line ratios as advocated by our earlier work, indicating that the proposed line-ratio-based method can be used to practically derive

for high-z sources. The total molecular gas mass of LESS 073 is

, and the inferred gas depletion time is about 43 Myr.
The Clinical Spectrum and Treatment Outcome of Retinoblastoma in Indian Children
Authors: Shanmugam Mahesh P. , Biswas Jyotirmay , Gopal Lingam , Sharma Tarun , Nizamuddin S. H. M. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To study the clinical spectrum and treatment outcome of retinoblastoma in Indian children.

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective study analyzed 488 eyes of 355 retinoblastoma patients treated at a tertiary care ophthalmic hospital in southern India during a 14-year period.

Results:
Retinoblastoma involved one eye in 177 (50%) and both eyes in 178 (50%) patients. Mean age at presentation was 23.98 ± 23.37 months (unilateral, 29.4 ± 24.3 months; bilateral, 18.6 ± 21.07 months). The most common presenting symptom was leukocoria (72%), followed by poor vision (12.5%). Sixty-eight percent of the eyes presented with Reese-Ellsworth stage V disease. Overall, 60 (21.6%) of 278 eyes could be saved.

Conclusion:
Indian children with retinoblastoma present a mean of 6 months later than their Western counterparts, most often with leukocoria and Reese-Ellsworth stage V disease. Seventy percent of eyes in which salvage was attempted were saved.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:75–81.
Introduction of the Low Vision Evaluator (LoVE) for Children
Authors: Kunikata Hiroshi , Nakagawa Yoichi , Noro Michiru , Itabashi Toshitaka , Yoshida Hikari , Wakusawa Ryosuke , Ban Yumiko , Imai Eiko , Nakamura Masahiko , Kikuchi Miki , Tamai Makoto 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To determine whether the Low Vision Evaluator (LoVE) can grade the visual acuity of young children with light perception and hand movement acuity into finer acuity steps and at what age reliable measurements can be obtained.

Methods:
Two hundred twenty children were tested with the LoVE. Each eye was tested separately, and each stimulus magnitude (intensity × duration) was presented three times. Three catch trials per eye also were presented.

Results:

Scores ranged from −8 to −1 on variable-duration tests and from 22.5 to 37.5 dB on fixed-duration tests for four children with hand movement vision. Scores ranged from −12 to 0 on variable-duration tests and from 12.5 to 40 dB on fixed-duration tests for five children with light perception vision. Reliable measurements were obtained at different times on different days. Mean scores for children with counting finger vision or better were significantly better than scores for eyes with light perception and hand movement (
P
< .001 and
P
< .01, respectively). Reliability was less for children younger than age 4 years.

Conclusions:
The LoVE is capable of grading the visual function of children with light perception and hand movement vision into finer steps. Reliable measurements can be obtained for children age 4 years and older.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:155–162.
Familial Aplasia of the Inferior Rectus Muscles
Authors: Pimenides Dimitris , Young Soon , Minty Ian , Spratt Jonathan , Tiffin Peter A. C. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
We describe inferior rectus aplasia in three members of a family. No family member showed signs of craniofacial dysostosis syndromes or neurofibromatosis.

Patients and Findings:
A woman with abnormal head posture, right exotropia, and right hypotropia presented to our clinic. She mentioned that her two children had similar problems. A provisional diagnosis of ocular fibrosis or atypical Duane syndrome was made and she underwent surgery. During surgery, the inferior rectus muscle could not be identified in either eye. Subsequently, her children were examined and orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for all family members. MRI confirmed bilateral absence of the inferior rectus muscles in the mother and unilateral absence with atrophic and fibrotic contralateral inferior rectus muscles in the children.

Conclusion:
This is the first report in the literature of a family with aplastic inferior rectus muscles with no signs of craniosynostosis or neurofibromatosis.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:222–227.
Signa in templo. Où situer le nouveau groupe statuaire de la famille impériale dans le sanctuaire de la Grange des Dîmes (Avenches, Suisse) ?
Authors: Bridel Philippe 
Published: April 2020

La découverte de fragments de statues en marbre de la famille impériale du 2e quart du Ier s. a relancé la question du culte dynastique dans le sanctuaire de la Grange des Dîmes, où ils ont été retrouvés. La comparaison avec le groupe julio-claudien du forum de la ville, daté du milieu du règne de Tibère a révélé une grande similitude des deux groupes. Le cycle dynastique du forum avait été restitué par hypothèse sur le podium du temple attribué au culte civique de Rome et Auguste. Le lieu et la forme des honneurs rendus à la maison impériale restent cependant conjecturaux.Le cycle de la Grange des Dîmes serait à situer sur une base multiple érigée au deuxième tiers du Ier s. dans la cour du sanctuaire, qui compte alors deux autres édifices, l’un de caractère héroïco-funéraire probablement, l’autre étant un petit temple dédié sans doute à Mercure. Le contexte de sa découverte atteste cependant qu’il a été intégré au programme architectural du temple de plan gallo-romain édifié à la fin du Ier s. On s’interroge enfin sur le statut des divers lieux où semble attesté le culte impérial : forum, sanctuaires de la Grange des Dîmes et du Cigognier.