bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer cachexia and its pathophysiology: links with sarcopenia, anorexia and asthenia
Authors: Peixoto da Silva Sara , Santos Joana M.O. , Costa e Silva Maria Paula , Gil da Costa Rui M. , Medeiros Rui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, along with adipose tissue wasting, systemic inflammation and other metabolic abnormalities leading to functional impairment. Cancer cachexia has long been recognized as a direct cause of complications in cancer patients, reducing quality of life and worsening disease outcomes. Some related conditions, like sarcopenia (age‐related muscle wasting), anorexia (appetite loss) and asthenia (reduced muscular strength and fatigue), share some key features with cancer cachexia, such as weakness and systemic inflammation. Understanding the interplay and the differences between these conditions is critical to advance basic and translational research in this field, improving the accuracy of diagnosis and contributing to finally achieve effective therapies for affected patients.
White matter disturbances in phenylketonuria: Possible underlying mechanisms
Authors: Ferreira Bruna Klippel , Rodrigues Melissa Torres , Streck Emilio Luiz , Ferreira Gustavo Costa , Schuck Patricia Fernanda 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhite matter pathologies, as well as intellectual disability, microcephaly, and other central nervous system injuries, are clinical traits commonly ascribed to classic phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU is an inherited metabolic disease elicited by the deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase. Accumulation of l‐phenylalanine (Phe) and its metabolites is found in tissues and body fluids in phenylketonuric patients. In order to mitigate the clinical findings, rigorous dietary Phe restriction constitutes the core of therapeutic management in PKU. Myelination is the process whereby the oligodendrocytes wrap myelin sheaths around the axons, supporting the conduction of action potentials. White matter injuries are implicated in the brain damage related to PKU, especially in untreated or poorly treated patients. The present review summarizes evidence toward putative mechanisms driving the white matter pathology in PKU patients.
Detecting stratigraphical issues using direct radiocarbon dating from small‐mammal remains
Authors: Rofes Juan , Cersoy Sophie , Zazzo Antoine , Royer Aurelien , Nicod Pierre‐Yves , Laroulandie Veronique , Langlais Mathieu , Pailler Yvan , Leandri Celine , Leandri Franck , Lebon Matthieu , Tresset Anne 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTFrequently preserved in archaeological and palaeontological sites, the tiny size of small‐mammal remains favours percolations into underlying layers along stratigraphic sequences. This is one of the various post‐depositional processes that may affect the integrity of the original deposits and therefore the subsequent scientific interpretations. Recent developments in sample preparation offer the possibility of detecting intrusive episodes through the absolute dating of minute amounts of bone (down to 10 mg), meaning that isolated elements (such as mandibles in this case) are sufficient to obtain reliable radiocarbon dates if collagen is moderately to well preserved. The radiocarbon dates obtained here for small‐mammal bones (recovered from pre‐Bølling to recent deposits) and their comparison with previous dates obtained from other sources (large‐mammal bones, charcoal, botanical samples, etc.), with different protocols and instruments, illustrate the potential of small‐mammal dating to reveal (and eventually contribute a solution to) stratigraphical issues in different archaeological contexts.
Multimodal Imaging With Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Detect Extracapsular Extension in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Sheppard Sean C. , Giger Roland , Bojaxhiu Beat , Sachpekidis Christos , Dammann Florian , Dettmer Matthias S. , Arnold Andreas , Wartenberg Jan , Nisa Lluís 
Published: March 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess the ability of specific positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features to detect extracapsular extension (ECE) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.Study DesignRetrospective study in a tertiary certified university cancer institute.MethodsWe performed a review of patients with advanced HNSCC at Bern University Hospital between 2014 and 2018. Patients with pretherapeutic PET/CT and/or MRI who underwent neck dissection were included, with 212 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria. Blinded evaluation of specific PET/CT and MRI features with respect to presence of ECE was performed. Histopathological examination of neck dissection specimens was used as the gold standard to determine ECE status.ResultsOut of the 212 included patients, 184 had PET/CT, 186 MRI, and 158 both modalities. Overall clinical stage IV (odds ratio [OR]: 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.25‐11.74), ill‐defined margins in both PET/CT and MRI (OR: 3.48, 95% CI: 1.21‐9.98 and OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 0.94‐4.89, respectively), and a maximum standardized uptake value ≥ 10 (OR: 5.44, 95% CI: 1.21‐9.98) were all significant independent predictors of ECE. When combined, these four features led to a cumulative score able to predict ECE status with an accuracy of 91.43%.ConclusionsThe current findings indicate specific features in PET/CT and MRI are potential predictors of ECE status and may help in pretherapeutic stratification in HNSCC.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E163–E169, 2021
Lablab purpureus (L) bean flour ameliorates plasma proteins and accretion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, ω‐3) in the plasma, liver, and brain of malnourished rats
Authors: Hossain Shahdat , Ahmed Rashed , Bhowmick Sujan , Sarkar Marzan , Nahar Taslima , Uddin Borhan , Basunia Mafroz , Al Mamun Abdullah , Hashimoto Michio , Shido Osamu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLablab purpureus (L) bean is an undervalued or underutilized orphan crop in many tropical countries, where different forms of malnutrition are associated with stunting growth and cognitive deficiencies. We previously reported that L. purpureus contains ω‐3 α‐linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3, ω‐3), which can act as the precursor of ω‐3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, ω‐3). Inadequate level of DHA impairs growth, development, and cognitive performance. Therefore, we evaluated if supplementation of L. purpureus seed flour (LPS) affects the nutritional status, in terms of body weight gain, plasma proteins, and DHA levels of malnourished model rats. Three groups of rats, namely, controls, malnourished alone (MN), and 15% LPS‐supplemented malnourished (MN + LPS) rats were fed with LPS for 12 weeks. Afterward, body weight, liver weight, brain weight, plasma proteins, micronutrients, lipid profile, and fatty acid profile of plasma, liver, and brains were determined by standard methods. The levels of liver lipid peroxide (LPO) and proinflammatory TNFα were also measured. The body weight, liver weight, serum total proteins and micronutrients (iron/potassium), and the levels of docosahexaenoic acid significantly increased in the plasma, liver, and brain of MN + LPS rats. Moreover, LPO and TNFα levels reduced significantly in MN + LPS rats. in vitro analysis revealed a significant free radical scavenging and antioxidative potential of L. purpureus seed extract. Thus, L. purpureus not only replenishes protein‐energy malnutrition, but also increases the levels of DHA, an indispensable polyunsaturated fatty acid for brain cognition. Finally, our results suggest that L. purpureus might benefit human malnutrition and related cognitive deficits.
Wideband tapered slot antenna for applications in ground penetrating radar
Authors: Raza Ali , Lin Wenbin , Chen Yanzheng , Yanting Zhang , Chattha Hassan Tariq , Sharif Abu Bakar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA planar slotted patch antenna is proposed for ground penetrating radar (GPR). The proposed antenna has a wide bandwidth ranging from 600 MHz to 4 GHz. Tapered slot feeding, curved ground plane, and slot loading are used for a wideband operation, whereas resistive loading is utilized for removal of notch band. Current loops made by slots are bifurcated with the use of 50 Ω resistors. The antenna is designed and optimized to achieve good performance, especially at lower frequencies while keeping the antenna's physical dimension relatively small. The time‐domain analysis of the antenna is performed, and the comparative graph is added after analysis to validate its performance in the impulse‐based radar. Furthermore, a sandbox test is conducted; the experimental results show the significance of the proposed antenna toward GPR application.
Systematic evaluation of velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling settings for placental perfusion measurement
Authors: Harteveld Anita A. , Hutter Jana , Franklin Suzanne L. , Jackson Laurence H. , Rutherford Mary , Hajnal Joseph V. , van Osch Matthias J. P. , Bos Clemens , De Vita Enrico 
Published: March 2020

PurposePlacental function is key for successful human pregnancies. Perfusion may be a sensitive marker for the in vivo assessment of placental function. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI enables noninvasive measurement of tissue perfusion and it was recently suggested that ASL with velocity‐selective (VS) labeling could be advantageous in the placenta. We systematically evaluated essential VS‐ASL sequence parameters to determine optimal settings for efficient placental perfusion measurements.MethodsEleven pregnant women were scanned at 3T using VS‐ASL with 2D multislice echo planar imaging (EPI)‐readout. One reference VS‐ASL scan was acquired in all subjects; within subgroups the following parameters were systematically varied: cutoff velocity, velocity encoding direction, and inflow time. Visual evaluation and region of interest analyses were performed to compare perfusion signal differences between acquisitions.ResultsIn all subjects, a perfusion pattern with clear hyperintense focal regions was observed. Perfusion signal decreased with inflow time and cutoff velocity. Subject‐specific dependence on velocity encoding direction was observed. High temporal signal‐to‐noise ratios with high contrast on the perfusion images between the hyperintense regions and placental tissue were seen at ~1.6 cm/s cutoff velocity and ~1000 ms inflow time. Evaluation of measurements at multiple inflow times revealed differences in blood flow dynamics between placental regions.ConclusionPlacental perfusion measurements are feasible at 3T using VS‐ASL with 2D multislice EPI‐readout. A clear dependence of perfusion signal on VS labeling parameters and inflow time was demonstrated. Whereas multiple parameter combinations may advance the interpretation of placental circulation dynamics, this study provides a basis to select an effective set of parameters for the observation of placenta perfusion natural history and its potential pathological changes.
Comparison of Body Mass Index, Skinfold Thickness, and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis With Dual‐Energy X‐Ray Absorptiometry in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: de Abreu Aline Miroski , Wilvert Luana Cristina , Wazlawik Elisabeth 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is a consistent finding in hemodialysis (HD) patients and is associated with high mortality. The aim was to compare nutrition status indicators using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference in HD patients.MethodsObservational cross‐sectional study with 42 patients, 55.8 years (±14.6) old, 60% male, HD 2–3 times per week for ≥3 months. HD ranged from 3 months to 28 years (median, 17.3; interquartile range, 8.73–39.0). We used body mass index (BMI) and fat mass (FM) by skinfold thickness (SFT), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and DXA. Statistical analyses used Bland‐Altman plots, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, the paired t‐test, and Pearson or Spearman correlation. P < .05 was significant.ResultsSFT and DXA presented the lowest prevalence of malnutrition (2.4%) and BMI the highest (28.6%). BMI, BIA FM, and SFT FM presented strong positive correlations with DXA FM (r = 0.915; r = 0.976; r = 0.910, P < .001, respectively). BIA FM and fat‐free mass (FFM) demonstrated substantial agreement with DXA values (ρ = 0.974 and 0.960, P < .001). Thus, the measurement procedures used, SFT and BIA, underestimated %FM (−4.65% and −2.13%) and overestimated FFM (3.12 kg and 1.0 kg) according to DXA. No differences were found between mean values of BIA FM and DXA (P = .178).ConclusionsCompared with DXA, BIA was the most appropriate nutrition indicator for measuring body composition.
ClusPro in rounds 38 to 45 of CAPRI: Toward combining template‐based methods with free docking
Authors: Padhorny Dzmitry , Porter Kathryn A. , Ignatov Mikhail , Alekseenko Andrey , Beglov Dmitri , Kotelnikov Sergei , Ashizawa Ryota , Desta Israel , Alam Nawsad , Sun Zhuyezi , Brini Emiliano , Dill Ken , Schueler‐Furman Ora , Vajda Sandor , Kozakov Dima 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTargets in the protein docking experiment CAPRI (Critical Assessment of Predicted Interactions) generally present new challenges and contribute to new developments in methodology. In rounds 38 to 45 of CAPRI, most targets could be effectively predicted using template‐based methods. However, the server ClusPro required structures rather than sequences as input, and hence we had to generate and dock homology models. The available templates also provided distance restraints that were directly used as input to the server. We show here that such an approach has some advantages. Free docking with template‐based restraints using ClusPro reproduced some interfaces suggested by weak or ambiguous templates while not reproducing others, resulting in correct server predicted models. More recently we developed the fully automated ClusPro TBM server that performs template‐based modeling and thus can use sequences rather than structures of component proteins as input. The performance of the server, freely available for noncommercial use at https://tbm.cluspro.org, is demonstrated by predicting the protein‐protein targets of rounds 38 to 45 of CAPRI.
Zur Bemessung von Scher‐/Lochleibungsverbindungen mit Blindnieten im Stahlbau
Authors: Kalkowsky Florian , Glienke Ralf , Blunk Christoph , Dörre Maik , Henkel Knuth‐Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMit der Entwicklung von Blindnieten mit Nenndurchmessern d > 6,4 mm ist eine steigende Tendenz der Anwendung im Stahlbau zu erkennen. Gründe für die verbreiterte Anwendung lassen sich vor allem in den Vorteilen gegenüber den klassischen Fügeverfahren finden. Blindniete werden überall dort eingesetzt, wo bspw. das Schweißen oder Schrauben technologisch oder konstruktiv bedingt nicht eingesetzt werden kann oder unwirtschaftlich ist. Bislang existieren seitens der Bemessung und Ausführung von Stahlbauten gemäß DIN EN 1993‐1‐8 bzw. DIN EN 1993‐1‐9 sowie DIN EN 1090‐2 für Blindnietverbindungen keine allgemeingültigen normativen Vorgaben, sodass auf bauaufsichtliche Verwendbarkeitsnachweise (ETA, abZ/aBG, ZiE) zurückgegriffen werden muss.In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse aus systematischen Untersuchungen zur Scher‐/Lochleibungstragfähigkeit und zur Schwingfestigkeit von Blindnieten und den damit hergestellten Verbindungen vorgestellt. Ziel der Untersuchungen war die Erweiterung der im Stahlbau bestehenden Bemessungs‐ und Ausführungsregeln nach der Normenreihe DIN EN 1993 bzw. DIN EN 1090 für Blindnietverbindungen, um zukünftig einen rein rechnerischen Nachweis gegen Querkraftbeanspruchung zu erlauben. Des Weiteren galt es, allgemeingültige Kerbfallklassen gemäß der DIN EN 1993‐1‐9 für die verschiedenen Blindniettypen und damit hergestellten Verbindungen zu definieren, um so auch den Ermüdungsnachweis nach dem Vorbild des Eurocode 3 zu ermöglichen.
Cascade decays of heavy Higgs bosons through vectorlike quarks in two Higgs doublet models
Authors: Dermisek Radovan , Lunghi Enrico , Shin Seodong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We study cascade decays of heavy neutral Higgs bosons through vectorlike quarks. We focus on scenarios where decay modes into pairs of vectorlike quarks are not kinematically open which extends the sensitivity of the LHC to larger masses. Assuming only mixing with the third family of standard model quarks the new decay modes of heavy Higgs bosons are: H → t4t → Wbt, Ztt, htt and H → b4b → Wtb, Zbb, hbb, where t4 (b4) is the new up-type (down-type) quark mass eigenstate. In the numerical analysis we assume the CP even Higgs boson in the two Higgs doublet model type-II but the signatures are relevant for many other scenarios. We identify the region of the parameter space where these decay modes are significant or can even dominate, and thus they provide the best opportunities for the simultaneous discovery of a new Higgs boson and vectorlike quarks. We further explore the reach of the High Luminosity LHC for two representative decay modes, t4→ Zt → ℓℓt and b4→ Zb → ℓℓb, and found that cross sections at a 0.1 fb level can be probed with simple cut based analyses. We also find that the rates for Higgs cascade decays can be much larger than the rates for a single production of vectorlike quarks. Furthermore, the reach for vectorlike quarks in Higgs cascade decays and pair production extends to comparable masses.
Pulling out the island with modular flow
Authors: Chen Yiming 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Recent works have suggested that the entanglement wedge of Hawking radiation coming from an AdS black hole will include an island inside the black hole interior after the Page time. In this paper, we propose a concrete way to extract the information from the island by acting only on the radiation degrees of freedom, building on the equivalence between the boundary and bulk modular flow. We consider examples with black holes in JT gravity coupled to baths. In the case that the bulk conformal fields contain free massless fermion field, we provide explicit bulk picture of the information extraction process, where we find that one can almost pull out an operator from the island to the bath with modular flow.
Die nichtinvasive Therapie des organbegrenzten Prostatakarzinoms im Alter – Ergebnisse der HAROW-Studie
Authors: Herden Jan , Boedefeld Edith A. , Weißbach Lothar 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bei Patienten höheren Alters mit einem organbegrenzten Prostatakarzinom (PCa) haben nichtinvasive Therapien wie Active Surveillance (AS), Watchful Waiting (WW) und Hormonentzugstherapie (HT) einen besonderen Stellenwert.

Ziel der Arbeit
Wir überprüfen nichtinvasive Behandlungsformen im Versorgungsalltag an einer Kohorte von Patienten ≥70 Jahren.

Material und Methoden
Die Daten stammen aus der HAROW-Studie, mit der die Behandlung des organbegrenzten PCa unter Alltagsbedingungen untersucht wurde. Einziges Eingangskriterium war ein neu diagnostiziertes, organbegrenztes PCa (≤cT2c). AS-, WW- und HT-Patienten werden im Hinblick auf die initialen Tumor- und Patientencharakteristika, Verlaufsuntersuchungen sowie Therapiewechsel untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Von 457 Patienten ≥70 Jahren wählten 210 AS, 160 HT und 87 WW. Die mittleren Beobachtungszeiten waren für AS 6,3 Jahre, WW 7,0 Jahre und HT 7,5 Jahre. AS-Patienten waren jünger (73,2 Jahre) als WW- (76,0 Jahre) und HT-Patienten (76,9 Jahre) und hatten mit 80 % einen höheren Anteil von Low-risk-Tumoren (WW 31 %, HT 19 %). AS-Patienten wechselten die Therapie häufiger (47,1 %, WW 17,2 %, HT 13,1 %), entwickelten seltener Metastasen (1,0 %, WW 4,6 % HT 6,9 %) und hatten mit 94,3 % das beste Gesamtüberleben (90,8 % WW und 81,9 % HT). Innerhalb der ersten 28,4 Monate unterschied sich die mittlere Anzahl der PSA-Bestimmungen zwischen AS und WW nicht (6,1 vs. 5,2; p = 0,09); eine Rebiopsie erhielten 37,6 % der AS-, 11,4 % der WW- und 7,0 % der HT-Patienten.

Diskussion
Die Zuordnung zu den kurativen und palliativen Strategien sollte anhand der Patienten- und Tumorcharakteristika definitionsgemäß vorgenommen werden. Für AS-Patienten bieten sich WW oder HT an, wenn wegen Alter oder Komorbiditäten nicht mehr kurativ behandelt werden sollte.
PET imaging of beta-secretase 1 in the human brain: radiation dosimetry, quantification, and test-retest examination of [18F]PF-06684511
Authors: Arakawa Ryosuke , Takano Akihiro , Stenkrona Per , Stepanov Vladimir , Nag Sangram , Jahan Mahabuba , Grybäck Per , Bolin Martin , Chen Laigao , Zhang Lei , He Ping , Villalobos Anabella , McCarthy Timothy J. , Halldin Christer , Varrone Andrea 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) enzyme is implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. [18F]PF-06684511 is a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for imaging BACE1. Despite favorable brain kinetic properties, the effective dose (ED) of [18F]PF-06684511 estimated in non-human primates was relatively high. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the whole-body distribution, dosimetry, quantification, and test-retest reliability of imaging brain BACE1 with [18F]PF-06684511 in healthy volunteers.

Methods
Five subjects were studied for the dosimetry study. Whole-body PET was performed for 366 min with 4 PET-CT sessions. Estimates of the absorbed radiation dose were calculated using the male adult model. Eight subjects participated in the test-retest study. Brain PET measurements were conducted for 123 min with an interval of 5 to 19 days between test and retest conditions. The total distribution volume (VT) was estimated with one-tissue (1T), two-tissue (2T), compartment model (CM), and graphical analysis. Test-retest variability (TRV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of VT were calculated as reliability measures.

Results
In the dosimetry study, the highest uptake was found in the liver (25.2 ± 2.3 %ID at 0.5 h) and the largest dose was observed in the pancreas (92.9 ± 52.2 μSv/MBq). The calculated ED was 24.7 ± 0.8 μSv/MBq. In the test-retest study, 2TCM described the time-activity curves well. VT (2TCM) was the highest in the anterior cingulate cortex (6.28 ± 1.09 and 6.85 ± 0.81) and the lowest in the cerebellum (4.23 ± 0.88 and 4.20 ± 0.75). Mean TRV and ICC of VT (2TCM) were 16.5% (12.4–20.5%) and 0.496 (0.291–0.644).

Conclusion
The ED of [18F]PF-06684511 was similar to other 18F radioligands, allowing repeated PET measurements. 2TCM was the most appropriate quantification method. TRV of VT was similar to other radioligands without a reference region, albeit with lower ICC. These data indicated that [18F]PF-06684511 is a suitable radioligand to measure BACE1 level in the human brain.

Trial registration
EudraCT 2016-001110-19 (registered 2016-08-08)