bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of internally validated in vitro biofilm models to assess antibiofilm performance of silver-containing gelling fibre dressings
Authors: Suleman Louise , Purcell Liam , Thomas Hannah , Westgate Samantha 
Published: March 2020

Objective: To assess the efficacy of five silver-containing gelling fibre wound dressings against single-species and multispecies biofilms using internally validated, UKAS-accredited in vitro test models. Method: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans single- and multispecies biofilms were cultured using Centres for Disease Control (CDC) biofilm reactors and colony drip flow reactors (CDFR). Following a 72 hour incubation period, the substrates on which biofilms were grown were rinsed to remove planktonic microorganisms and then challenged with fully hydrated silver-containing gelling fibre wound dressings. Following dressing application for 24 or 72 hours, remaining viable organisms from the treated biofilms were quantified. Results: In single-species in vitro models, all five antimicrobial dressings were effective in eradicating Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm bacteria. However, only one of the five dressings (Hydrofiber technology with combination antibiofilm/antimicrobial technology) was able to eradicate the more tolerant single-species Candida albicans biofilm. In a more complex and stringent CDFR biofilm model, the hydrofiber dressing with combined antibiofilm/antimicrobial technology was the only dressing that was able to eradicate multispecies biofilms such that no viable organisms were recovered. Conclusion: Given the detrimental effects of biofilm on wound healing, stringent in vitro biofilm models are increasingly required to investigate the efficacy of antimicrobial dressings. Using accredited in vitro biofilm models of increasing complexity, differentiation in the performance of dressings with combined antibiofilm/antimicrobial technology against those with antimicrobial properties alone, was demonstrated.
On the Perron-Frobenius Theory of Mv-matrices and equivalent properties to eventually exponentially nonnegative matrices
Authors: Chaysri Thaniporn , Noutsos Dimitrios 
Published: March 2020

Mv−matrix is a matrix of the form A = sI −B, where 0 ≤ ρ(B) ≤ s and B is an eventually nonnegative matrix. In this paper, Mv−matrices concerning the Perron-Frobenius theory are studied. Specifically, sufficient and necessary conditions for an Mv−matrix to have positive left and right eigenvectors corresponding to its eigenvalue with smallest real part without considering or not if index0B ≤ 1 are stated and proven. Moreover, analogous conditions for eventually nonnegative matrices or Mv−matrices to have all the non Perron eigenvectors or generalized eigenvectors not being nonnegative are studied. Then, equivalent properties of eventually exponentially nonnegative matrices and Mv−matrices are presented. Various numerical examples are given to support our theoretical findings.
Discordance between fine-needle aspiration cytology and histopathology in patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of parotid gland
Authors: Iftikhar H , Sohail Awan M , Usman M , Khoja A , Khan W 
Published: March 2020

Introduction Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an important diagnostic tool used preoperatively for the diagnosis of parotid lump. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma comprises 5–10% of all salivary gland tumours. It poses a diagnostic challenge on FNAC with high false negative rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the discordance between cytology/FNAC and histopathology in patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014. Patients aged 18 years and above with FNAC or histopathology suggestive of mucoepidermoid carcinoma were identified. FNAC when compared with histology (gold standard) was classified into true positive (presence of mucoepidermoid carcinoma correctly diagnosed on FNAC), true negative (absence of mucoepidermoid carcinoma correctly diagnosed on FNAC), false positive (FNAC incorrectly diagnosed mucoepidermoid carcinoma), false negative (FNAC failed to diagnose mucoepidermoid carcinoma). Results A total of 16 patients fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Seven cytological samples were true positive (ie correctly diagnosed mucoepidermoid carcinoma by FNAC), eight cytological specimens were false negative (ie could not pick up mucoepidermoid carcinoma on FNAC). One case was false positive on cytology (ie diagnosed mucoepidermoid carcinoma on FNAC but was reported to be Warthin’s tumour on histopathology) and none were true negative. Conclusion FNAC is not reliable for diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. More than 50% of our patients had discordant results between cytology and histology. We recommend a high index of suspicion for mucoepidermoid carcinoma given the poor yield of cytology.
Primary paediatric chest wall tumours necessitating surgical management
Authors: Maistry N , Durell J , Wilson S , Lakhoo K 
Published: March 2020

Introduction Limited literature exists on oncological chest wall reconstruction in the paediatric population, with the field still largely undecided on the best surgical reconstructive techniques to employ. The use of biological grafts/meshes is gaining popularity in certain adult surgical procedures but their use in paediatric procedures is rarely reported in the literature. We present the outcomes of our institution’s multidisciplinary approach to managing paediatric chest wall tumours as well as our experience with the use of biological grafts for chest wall reconstruction following oncological resections. Methods Data were analysed retrospectively from eight paediatric patients who were treated for primary chest wall tumours between 2010 and 2018. Results The tumours comprised two lipoblastomas, three Ewing’s sarcomas, an undifferentiated sarcoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation, a high grade undifferentiated sarcoma and a myofibroma. Seven of the eight patients underwent chest wall reconstruction with a biological graft. There were no postoperative mortalities and no evidence of recurrence in any of the patients in the series. No further chest wall operations were required and there were no postoperative infection related complications. Conclusions We support the use of biological grafts for chest wall reconstruction after oncological resections and maintain that a multidisciplinary approach is essential for the management of paediatric chest wall tumours.
Measuring the health impact of Universal Basic Income as an upstream intervention: holistic trial design that captures stress reduction is essential
Authors: Johnson Elliott Aidan , Johnson Matthew Thomas , Webber Laura 
Published: March 2020

Background:In the context of the UK Government’s ‘prevention agenda’, Laura Webber and colleagues have called for a ‘health in all policies’ approach. Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a system of cash transfers to citizens. Recent research suggests it could significantly benefit population health, including via reducing stress. However, a Finnish trial of a policy with similarities to UBI has influenced debate. This was reported as a failure due to a policy objective of reducing unemployment, despite demonstrating significant benefits to well-being.
Aims and objectives:In this piece, we seek to advance the debate about the cost-benefit of UBI by identifying knowledge gaps and proposing a means of designing effective trials.
Methods:We review UBI trial design and findings in comparison with social gradient in health literature and biopsychosocial theory to identify knowledge gaps.
Findings:We highlight a need to refocus UBI trials on improved health, including via reduced stress, to provide policy makers the means of producing accurate cost-benefit analysis. Previous trials have either not reflected likely UBI policy or failed to measure impacts that enable accurate analysis. We contend that interdisciplinary work is required to establish trials that observe factors known to drive the social health gradient. Finally, we argue that statistical modelling is needed to extrapolate shorter-term findings to long-term population-level outcomes.
Discussion and conclusions:Resource allocation by Government and/or major funders is required to produce evidence that enables accurate analysis of UBI. Such trials would provide a platform for interdisciplinary work resulting in joined-up evidence and policy.
El desempeño docente en Educación Musical del profesorado generalista de Chile. Un estudio mixto exploratorio
Authors: Tejada Jesús , Thayer Tomás , Arenas Navarrete Mario 
Published: March 2020

Este trabajo descriptivo-exploratorio de tipo mixto pretende describir por primera vez el desempeño del profesorado generalista en el área de Educación Musical, intentando determinar si la formación musical que han recibido influye en su práctica docente, y si esta guarda relación con la eficacia que perciben de sí mismos al impartir la asignatura. Mediante un diseño mixto de investigación, se han recogido: 1) datos cualitativos mediante grupo de discusión con seis profesoras generalistas que imparten la asignatura de Educación Musical en centros educativos chilenos; 2) datos cuantitativos relativos al perfil profesional con relación a la educación musical mediante un cuestionario online (n=57). Los resultados evidencian problemas en el desempeño de estos profesores: intervenciones de aula asistemáticas, ausencia de progresión y carencia de foco en las acciones didácticas. Una formación inadecuada o inexistente y la falta de recursos para el desarrollo de la asignatura son los principales factores de influencia en el nivel percibido de autoeficacia y en la valoración de su desempeño profesional en esta área.
Spatial distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of some trace elements in sediments and grey mangrove (Avicennia marina) along the Arabian Gulf coast, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsamadany Hameed , Al-Zahrani Hassan S. , Selim El-Metwally M. , El-Sherbiny Mohsen M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo assess trace element concentrations (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni) in the mangrove swamps along the Saudi coast of the Arabian Gulf, thirteen samples of surface sediment and leaves of grey mangrove, Avicennia marina were collected and analyzed. The detected trace element contents (μg g-1) in surface sediments were in the following descending order according to their mean values; Cr (49.18) > Zn (48.48) > Cu (43.06) > Pb (26.61) > Ni (22.88) > Cd (3.21). The results showed that the average concentrations of Cd and Pb exceeded their world average concentration of shale. The geo-accumulation, potential ecological risk and toxicity response indices demonstrated that trace elements have posed a considerable ecological risk, especially Cd. The inter-relationships between physico-chemical characters and trace elements suggests that grained particles of mud represent a noteworthy character in the distribution of trace elements compared to organic materials. Moreover, the results revealed that Zn was clearly bioaccumulated in leaf tissues A. marina. Dredging, landfilling, sewage effluents and oil pollution can be the paramount sources of pollution in the area under investigation.
Chemical composition and in vitro activity of Origanum vulgare L., Satureja hortensis L., Thymus serpyllum L. and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils towards oral isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata
Authors: Baj Tomasz , Biernasiuk Anna , Wróbel Rafał , Malm Anna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from:Origanum vulgareL.,Satureja hortensisL.,Thymus serpyllumL. andThymus vulgarisL. (Lamiaceae) cultivated in Poland, and to study their antifungal activity towards clinical isolates of oralCandidaspp. The hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed using the GC-MS method. The antifungal activity was evaluatedin vitroagainst oral isolates and reference strains ofCandida albicansandC. glabrata, using the broth microdilution method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, allowing for estimation of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). GC-MS analysis revealed that carvacrol was the main EO compound in oregano and summer savory, while thymol and linalool were the major ingredients of thyme and wild thyme oils, respectively. The EOs possessed fungicidal activity againstC. albicansandC. glabrata, including oral isolates, with MIC = 125 – 2000 mg/L, MFC = 250 – 4000 mg/L and MFC/MIC = 1 – 4, depending on the yeast and plant species. The most active was thyme oil – with MIC = 125 – 500 mg/L, MFC = 250 – 500 mg/L and MFC/MIC = 1 – 2.
Individuality in complex systems: A constructionist approach
Authors: Petré Peter , Anthonissen Lynn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor a long time, linguists more or less denied the existence of individual differences in grammatical knowledge. While recent years have seen an explosion of research on individual differences, most usage-based research has failed to address this issue and has remained reluctant to study the synergy between individual and community grammars. This paper focuses on individual differences in linguistic knowledge and processing, and examines how these differences can be integrated into a more comprehensive constructionist theory of grammar. The examination is guided by the various challenges and opportunities that may be extracted from scattered research that exists across disciplines touching on these matters, while also presenting some new data that illustrate how differentiation between individuals can improve models of long-term language change. The paper also serves as the introduction to this special issue ofCognitive Linguistics, which collects seven contributions from various linguistic disciplines focusing on key aspects of individuals’ grammars.
The use of simulation modelling for determining the capacity of railway lines in the Czech conditions
Authors: Tischer Erik , Nachtigall Petr , Široký Jaromír 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSimulation modelling is one way to determine the capacity of railway lines. The specialized software tool OpenTrack was used for simulation. The aim of this paper was to find out whether the OpenTrack simulation software can be used for the calculation of headway, and to compare the results with the methodology of the Railway Infrastructure Administration (SŽDC). Using the software tool, a detailed transport network model can be created including all its important characteristics. The simulation follows the movements and behaviour of trains with predefined parameters on the modelled railway line. OpenTrack allows for monitoring a range of parameters including not only train delays, train conflicts and train traffic flow, but also for instance train energy performance and headways. During the first stage of work with OpenTrack, a simulation model was created, not reflecting any existing infrastructure but including parameters typical of railway lines in the Czech Republic, such as the configuration of gridirons, length of station tracks, size of block sections, etc. This model was subsequently used for the simulation of type train set journeys, and a headway calculator was used for the calculation of headway values. These values were compared with the methodology used by the Railway Infrastructure Administration. The paper is concluded by the comparison of the above mentioned approaches.
Synthesis of amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) containing trityl ether acid cleavable junction group and its self-assembly into ordered nanoporous thin films
Authors: Qi Yinghua , Nathani Akash , Zhang Jianxin , Song Zhengji , Sharma Chandra Shekhar , Varshney Sunil K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A strategy for the synthesis of well defined poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers containing trityl ether acid cleavable junctions is demonstrated. This approach is achieved by using a combination of poly(ethylene glycol) macroinitiator containing a trityl ether end group, which is susceptible to acid cleavage, and atom transfer radical polymerization technique. The trityl ether linkage between blocks can be readily cleaved in solution or in solid phase under very mild acid condition, which has been confirmed by 1H NMR. These diblock copolymers have been used to successfully fabricate nanoporous thin films by acid cleavage of trityl ether junction followed by complete removal of poly(ethylene glycol) block. The fabricated nanoporous thin films may have a wide range of application such as Recessed Nanodisk-array electrode (RNE) or as a template to fabricate nanoelectrode array for senor applications.
Improved Insulation Durability to Improve Transformer Aging
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Arbab Muhammad Naeem , Basit Abdul , Haq Inzamam ul , Saher Saim , Khan Adnan Daud , Khattak Amir Naveed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn transformers, in addition to the primary and secondary coils, there are several other important components and accessories in which the insulating material is one of the most critical components of a transformer. Sufficient insulation between different active parts are necessary for safe operation. Adequate insulation, it is not only necessary to insulate the coils from each other, or from the core and tank, but also guarantees the safety of the transformer against accidental surges, but with the growth in size and complexity of power stations, transformer is facing insulation problems. The evaluation of the transformer overload capacities certainly leads to complex variables that affect the operating life of the power and distribution transformer. In this study, the long-life calculation is performed on the basis of two experiments, which are related to the insulation degradation of the mineral oil and cellulose paper such as by adding different types of nano-particles to the mineral oil to enhance the strength of oil, and by changing the loads under different operating conditions to control the deteriorating rate of the insulation to prevent the life of the transformer. The insulation breakdown strength is improved from 37 kV to 71 kV by mixing the semiconductor nanoparticles such as gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) and cerium dioxide (CeO2) with mineral oil. Moreover, for cellulose paper, thermal degradation rate is kept below its limit by reducing the temperature when controlling the load.
Reportative evidentiality and attribution in Romanian fairy tales
Authors: Florea Silvia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study sets out to examine how reportative evidentiality and attribution are achieved in Romanian fairy tales. By comparing and contrasting reportative and attribution expressions, the current research aims to determine the deictic function of these constructions, the pragmatic motivations of the speaker for evidential usage as well as the lexicalization, richness and functional diversity of these expressions in the Romanian language. In fairy tales, the content, actants, constructed reported discourse, sources of information and reproduction of speech vary widely, thus the relationship between evidentiality and attribution can be richly explored from a syntactic, lexical and a pragmatic/interactional/functional perspective. Research findings suggest, among other things, that Romanian fairy tales integrate evidential and attributive preferences that are reflective of a regional practicality of the genre as a form of communication, that there is cognitive implication of the storyteller in the process of evidential choice and that evidential values are associated with particular constructions that allow for evidentiality and attribution to operate as effective discourse strategies in the realization of the interpersonal functions in the tales. With regard to Romanian fairy tales, such evidential expressions help clarify, validate and evaluate sources of information, operating as prompters in a perspective-taking dynamic process.
Revisiting the duality of convention and ritual: A contrastive pragmatic inquiry
Authors: Kádár Dániel Z. , House Juliane 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide a pragmalinguistically inspired framework for analysing the relationship between linguistic forms and conventional and ritual behaviour. To date, no body of pragmalinguistic research has been dedicated to the relationship between conventional and ritual phenomena, which play a fundamental role in language use. Even more importantly, the examination of this phenomenon provides insight into a longstanding issue in pragmatics, namely, how the relationship between form and language use can be pinned down. We will pursue this question on the basis of an English and Chinese corpus-based examination of expressions, which we define as ‘ritual frame indicating expressions’ (RFIEs). As a case study, we examine the Chinese RFIE ‘duibuqi’ and its English counterpart ‘sorry’. The results indicate that while ‘sorry’ is largely used in a conventional way throughout the contexts in our English corpus, ‘duibuqi’ is predominantly anchored in ritual. This, in turn, reveals how these forms are related to convention v. ritual as far as our data is concerned.
Spitzensport und Marktstrategien
Authors: Karlsch Rainer , Kleinschmidt Christian 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Ökonomisierung bzw. die Kommerzialisierung des Sports ist ein langfristiger Prozess, der sich bereits seit der Wende zum 20. Jahrhundert vollzog und unterschiedliche Sportarten in unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsphasen und Geschwindigkeiten erfasste. Sportartikelunternehmen wie adidas beschleunigten diese Entwicklung nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, indem sie anlässlich sportlicher Großereignisse wie Olympischen Spielen oder Fußball-Weltmeisterschaften intensive Kontakte und Netzwerke zu Spitzensportlern und Funktionären aufbauten. Dabei ging es zunächst um die individuelle Ausrüstung der Sportler mit Schuhen und Kleidung, seit den 1960er Jahren dann auch um Promotionverträge bei denen – in West- wie in Osteuropa – Geldzahlungen eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle spielten. Eine solche Vermarktlichung – also die Gestaltung von Prozessen, die bislang über den Staat oder bürokratische Strukturen und nun zunehmend über den Markt geregelt wurden (Ahrens et al. 2015: 395f.)
Ökonomisierung, Kommerzialisierung und Vermarktlichung sind verwandte Begriffe, die z.T. auch synonym benutzt werden. Siehe dazu jüngst Graf (2019).
, was im Vergleich zu anderen gesellschaftlichen Subsystemen durchaus eine Art „Normalisierung“ darstellte, erreichte spätestens in den 1980er Jahren und mit der massenmedialen Verbreitung des Sports neue Dimensionen, die wiederum mit Hilfe von adidas unter Horst Dassler in Kooperation mit dem IOC und der FIFA vorangetrieben wurden und die Grundlagen einer Kommerzialisierungsspirale legten, deren Auswirkungen bis in die Gegenwart reichen.