bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive modafinil/armodafinil in bipolar depression: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Nunez Nicolas A. , Singh Balwinder , Romo‐Nava Francisco , Joseph Boney , Veldic Marin , Cuellar‐Barboza Alfredo , Cabello Arreola Alejandra , Vande Voort Jennifer L. , Croarkin Paul , Moore Katherine M. , Biernacka Joanna , McElroy Susan L. , Frye Mark A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the dopaminergic‐enhancing agent modafinil/armodafinil (MoArm) as adjunctive treatment for bipolar depression.MethodsA comprehensive search of major electronic databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adjunctive MoArm that included patients with bipolar I (BP‐I) or bipolar II (BP‐II) depression. Data for response/remission and all‐cause discontinuation were analyzed. Effect size was summarized by relative risk (RR) using a random effect model.ResultsOf 58 studies, five RCTs (N = 795 drug, N = 792 placebo) met inclusion criteria. Four armodafinil studies included only BP‐I patients and one modafinil study included both bipolar subtypes with limited heterogeneity (I2 = 34%, P = .19; I2 = 18%, P = .30). Compared to placebo, augmentation with MoArm was associated with significantly greater rates of treatment response (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.37; P = .03) and remission (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.73; P = .005). All‐cause discontinuation was not different than placebo (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.89‐1.30; P = .45) with no evidence of increased risk of mood switch or suicide attempts with MoArm (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.39‐2.5; P = .98; RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.37‐2.85; P = .97).ConclusionThis narrower scope meta‐analysis of one drug for one disease suggests that adjunctive MoArm may represent a novel therapeutic intervention. Further studies delineating the subtypes of bipolar depression responsive to these novel dopaminergic‐enhancing agents are encouraged.
Sex selection in India: Why a ban is not justified
Authors: Sterri Aksel Braanen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhen widespread use of sex‐selective abortion and sex selection through assisted reproduction lead to severe harms to third parties and perpetuate discrimination, should these practices be banned? In this paper I focus on India and show why a common argument for a ban on sex selection fails even in these circumstances. I set aside a common objection to the argument, namely that women have a right to procreative autonomy that trumps the state's interest in protecting other parties from harm, and argue against the ban on consequentialist grounds. I perform a pairwise comparative analysis of sex selection and its plausible alternatives and argue that that the ban fails to improve the state of affairs relative to a scenario without a ban. The ban makes the situation worse, especially for mothers and their daughters. India should therefore repeal its ban on sex selection.
Crows and common ravens do not reciprocally exchange tokens with a conspecific to gain food rewards
Authors: Wascher Claudia A. F. , Feider Béatrice , Bugnyar Thomas , Dufour Valérie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHuman economic transactions are based on complex forms of reciprocity, which involve the capacities to share and to keep track of what was given and received over time. Animals too engage in reciprocal interactions, but mechanisms such as calculated reciprocity have only been shown experimentally in few species. Various forms of cooperation, for example food and information sharing, are frequently observed in corvids, and they can engage in exchange interactions with human experimenters and accept delayed rewards. Here, we tested whether crows and common ravens would reciprocally exchange tokens with a conspecific in an exchange task. Birds received a set of three different types of tokens, some valuable for themselves, that is, they could exchange them for a food reward with a human experimenter, some valuable for their partner and some without value. The valuable tokens differed between the birds, which means that each bird could obtain more self‐value tokens from their partner's compartment. We did not observe any active transfers, that is one individual giving a token to the experimental partner by placing it in its beak. We only observed 6 indirect transfers, that is one individual transferring a token into the compartment of the partner (3 no‐value, 1 partner‐value and 2 self‐value tokens) and 67 “passive” transfers, that is one subject taking the token lying in reach in the compartment of the partner. Individuals took significantly more self‐value tokens compared with no‐value and partner‐value tokens. This indicates a preference for tokens valuable to focal individuals. Significantly more no‐value tokens compared with partner‐value tokens were taken, likely to be caused by experimental partners exchanging self‐value tokens with the human experimenter, and therefore, more no‐value tokens being available in the compartment. Our results presently do not provide empirical support for reciprocity in crows and ravens, most likely caused by them not understanding the potential roles of receiver and donor. We therefore suggest further empirical tests of calculated reciprocity to be necessary in corvids.
The rate of bone loss slows after 1–2 years of initial antiretroviral therapy: final results of the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy (START) bone mineral density substudy
Authors: Carr A , Grund B , Schwartz AV , Avihingsanon A , Badal‐Faesen S , Bernadino JI , Estrada V , La Rosa A , Mallon PWG , Pujari S , White D , Wyman Engen N , Ensrud K , Hoy JF ,   the International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials START bone mineral density substudy group
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesInitial antiretroviral therapy (ART) causes loss of bone mineral density (BMD) over the first 1–2 years. Whether this loss continues with longer therapy is unclear. We determined changes in bone and spine BMD over 5 years in adults receiving immediate or deferred initial ART.MethodsIn the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy (START) BMD substudy, ART‐naïve adults with CD4 counts > 500 cells/μL were randomized to immediate or deferred ART. Deferred group participants not yet on ART were offered ART after May 2015. Mean per cent changes in total hip and lumbar spine BMD (measured annually by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry) were compared between groups using longitudinal mixed models. Fracture rates were also compared between groups for all START participants.ResultsSubstudy participants (immediate group, n = 201; deferred group, n = 210; median age 32 years; 80% non‐white; 24% female) were followed for a mean 4.5 years until December 2016. In the immediate group, > 96% used ART throughout. In the deferred group, 16%, 58% and 94% used ART at years 1, 3 and 5, respectively. BMD decreased more in the immediate group initially; groups had converged by year 3 at the spine and year 4 at the hip by intent‐to‐treat (ITT). BMD changes after year 1 were similar in the immediate group and in those off ART in the deferred group [mean difference: spine, 0.03% per year; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.4, 0.4; P = 0.88; hip, −0.2% per year; 95% CI −0.7, 0.3; P = 0.37]. Fracture incidence did not differ significantly between groups (immediate group, 0.86/100 person‐years versus deferred group, 0.85/100 person‐years; hazard ratio 1.01; 95% CI 0.76, 1.35; P = 0.98).ConclusionsSignificant ART‐induced bone loss slowed after the first year of ART and became similar to that in untreated HIV infection.
Temperature‐dependent dielectric and Raman spectra and microwave dielectric properties of gehlenite‐type Ca2Al2SiO7 ceramics
Authors: Song Zhengjun , Song Kaixin , Liu Bing , Zheng Peng , Barzegar Bafrooei Hadi , Su Weitao , Lin Huixing , Shi Feng , Wang Dawei , Reaney I. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGehlenite‐type Ca2Al2SiO7 ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid‐state reaction. Two anomalies were found in the plot of dielectric constant vs temperature, which were associated with space charge polarization. Pure phase crystal structure and no phase transition were observed in the temperature‐dependent X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Raman spectra from room temperature (RT) to 900°C. There was relevant relation between Q × f and τƒ with the stretching vibrations of Ca‐O bond and O‐Ca‐O bending in CaO8 polyhedron. Excellent microwave dielectric properties (εr = 8.86, Q × f = 22 457 GHz, and τf = −51.06 ppm/°C) were obtained for Ca2Al2SiO7 sintered at 1440°C in air, which had the potential application to use in microwave and millimeter‐wave devices such as capacitors and substrates.
Dissolvable and edible film for long‐lasting kaffir lime aroma in food
Authors: Sabphon Chalisa , Srichoosilp Atikan , Wanichwecharungruang Supason , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Vadhanasindhu Pakpachong , Ngamchuachit Panita , Thiraphibundet Pattara 
Published: October 2019

SummaryA dissolvable and edible carboxymethylcellulose–alginate film with 34% (w/w) of kaffir lime oil (KLO) was prepared. The prepared films can be redissolved in warm water providing highly dispersed KLO microdroplets. The freshly prepared KLO films (KLO film‐0) and 6‐month stored KLO films (KLO film‐6) were evaluated for consumer acceptance in a Thai Tom‐yum soup recipe in comparison with fresh kaffir lime (KL) leaves and commercialised instant Tom‐Yum paste. The data analysis from 120 consumers presented the higher liking scores of the soups using the KLO film‐0 and KLO film‐6 on aroma, taste and overall preference than those using the instant Tom‐Yum paste and the KL leaves. Additionally, chefs noted a longer lasting aroma intensity of the soups prepared with KLO films. Thus, this edible KLO film can be used in place of fresh KL leaves with the additional benefits of a long shelf‐life, ease of use and better consumer preferences in Tom‐Yum soup cooking.
The Norwegian Way: Protection through Higher Education the Recognition Process for Syrian Refugees in HE
Authors: Toker Huriye 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe current Syrian refugee exodus to Europe has created an urgent need for European societies to implement faster integration methods, to reduce the risk of social and economic alienation. Since the latest refugee wave includes more highly educated people, higher education institutions might serve as a strong inclusion instrument to integrate them into local communities. Norway has established a novel recognition procedure for persons without verifiable documentation. This study introduces this new methodology to policymakers and discusses its limitations, to enlarge scholarly debate on creating a joint European framework for recognizing prior qualifications. The study adopted a qualitative methodology, with a descriptive account of data derived from interviews with NOKUT officers. The findings highlight an urgent need in Europe to start an initiative for establishing a joint European qualification passport, which would be very useful due to the transferability of recognition decisions across European countries.
What does it take to scale‐up a complex intervention? Lessons learned from the Connect‐Home transitional care intervention
Authors: Leeman Jennifer , Toles Mark 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo discuss the multiple phases of research done to plan for wide‐scale implementation (i.e. scale‐up) of Connect‐Home, a complex nurse‐develop intervention. Barker et al.’s (Implementation Science, 2016, 11, 12) framework for intervention scale‐up is applied to address the methods used to answer the following four questions: ‘Who’ needs to be involved in scale‐up? ‘What’ intervention and implementation strategies need to be taken to scale? ‘How’ will scale‐up be achieved? And what contextual factors influence ‘when’ scale‐up is or is not successful?DesignDiscussion paper.Data SourcesData sources include the experience of our research team, supported by literature and theory. The Connect‐Home team conducted multiple research studies to plan for Connect‐Home scale‐up. Early studies (2008–2015) focused on formative work to design the Connect‐Home intervention. Recent studies have involved successive pilot tests of Connect‐Home's effectiveness, implementation, and scale‐up (2015–2019).Implications for NursingThis article describes a systematic approach that nurse researchers can apply to plan for taking their interventions to scale.ConclusionsPlanning for scale‐up early in the process of intervention development is essential to speeding the translation of effective interventions into wide‐scale practice.ImpactThis article details the methods that nursing researchers applied to develop and test the strategies needed to plan for taking a complex intervention to scale across multiple settings. The methods described are applicable to nursing and other health researchers’ development and scale‐up of any complex intervention.
Longer apnea duration at low altitude in Tibetan and Han highlanders compared with Han lowlanders: A retrospective study
Authors: Tan Lu , Li Taomei , Lei Fei , Li Xiao , Zhou Junying , Zhang Ye , Ren Rong , Yang Linghui , Tang Xiangdong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProlonged duration of obstructive apnea (OA) has been observed in highlanders after descending to low altitude. It is proposed that due to adaptation to a hypoxic high‐altitude environment, Tibetan highlanders (TH) and Han highlanders (HH) would manifest different OA durations at low altitude as compared to Han lowlanders (HL). Data collection on consecutive obstructive sleep apnea patients (167 TH, 210 HH and 233 HL) was performed over a period of 8 years in Chengdu (altitude 500 m). The analyses were performed with non‐matched groups and with body mass index and apnea–hypopnea index‐matched groups. Significance rankings for mean duration of OA (s) in non‐matched groups and matched groups were TH (27.7; 28.6) = HH (25.7; 26.0) > HL (21.7; 21.3), respectively. For the longest OA duration, the significance rankings across three groups with regard to the percentage of patients having a duration longer than 2 min (%) and mean values (s) were TH (26.9; 82) > HH (10.0; 67) > HL (1.3; 50). In terms of nadir and mean oxygen saturation, significant differences were found between TH and HH or HL. In addition, longest and mean OA duration were positively correlated with blood pressure and heart rate, whereas nadir and mean oxygen saturation were negatively correlated with these measures in both non‐matched and matched groups, and the correlation was more robust in TH. These findings raise important clinical questions regarding whether such significant prolongation of OA duration and a more severe hypoxic burden among highlanders, especially in TH, may lead to adverse clinical consequences when at low altitude.
Relationship between frailty and lower urinary tract symptoms among community‐dwelling adults
Authors: Soma Osamu , Hatakeyama Shingo , Imai Atsushi , Matsumoto Teppei , Hamano Itsuto , Fujita Naoki , Iwamura Hiromichi , Okamoto Teppei , Yamamoto Hayato , Tobisawa Yuki , Yoneyama Tohru , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between frailty and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), the association of frailty and LUTS remains unclear.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study investigated LUTS and frailty in 710 individuals (249 men and 461 women, aged ≥60 years) who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project between 2014 and 2015 in Hirosaki, Japan. Parameters of frailty were compared for individuals with mild and moderate to severe symptoms of LUTS. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) were used to evaluate LUTS. Frailty was evaluated by the frailty phenotype (FP), modified frailty index (mFI), and frailty discriminant score (FDS). The influence of frailty on LUTS was investigated by multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsFrailty parameters of age, renal function, and lower physical activity were significantly associated with severity of IPSS and OABSS. FP and mFI were significantly associated with severity of OABSS and IPSS, respectively. The FDS was significantly associated with severity of IPSS and OABSS. FP, mFI, and FDS were significantly associated with severity of nocturia. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that FDS was independently associated with the severity of IPSS, OABSS, and nocturia, whereas FP and mFI were significantly associated with the severity of nocturia alone.ConclusionsIndividuals with LUTS are potentially frailer than those without LUTS. Although the influence of frailty on LUTS is different depending on the measurement tool, attention for frailty is necessary for subjects with LUTS.
Thunderclap headache and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: Current theory and accumulated data
Authors: Kikui Shoji , Miyahara Junichi , Danno Daisuke , Kashiwaya Yoshihiro , Takeshima Takao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by recurrent severe thunderclap headache and segmental vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries that resolves by 3 months. RCVS can either occur spontaneously or relate to an exogenous trigger, but the precise pathophysiology of RCVS remains unknown. Postulated mechanisms include small vessel and endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction with oxidative stress, hormonal and biochemical factors, and genetic predisposition. A prior history of migraine has been reported in 17%–40% of cases, suggesting that migraine and RCVS share mechanisms. Most RCVS patients have a favorable prognosis; however, for some patients, the condition may result in permanent disability or even death in a small minority of patients, secondary to complications such as ischemic stroke or intracranial hemorrhage. There is no proven treatment, so the cornerstone of RCVS management remains largely supportive, with prescription of bed rest, analgesics, and the removal of precipitating factors. The majority of clinical series studying RCVS treatment have investigated the efficacy of calcium channel antagonists. Although prescription of triptans for migraine is not suitable for patients with a history of RCVS, lasmiditan, a highly selective 5‐HT1F receptor agonist, may be suitable in such cases. Typical segmental vasoconstriction of major vessels is not seen in approximately 30% of patients eventually diagnosed with RCVS; if this diagnosis is suspected, repeat imaging should be performed. Early diagnosis of RCVS is important, as it allows progression to be prevented by the prompt removal of precipitating factors, unnecessary diagnostic procedures to be avoided, and appropriate management to be commenced.
Bruxism: a summary of current knowledge on aetiology, assessment and management
Authors: Manfredini D. , Colonna A. , Bracci A. , Lobbezoo F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBruxism is a common condition that clinicians come across in both adult and children. Prevalence rates in adults range from 22% to 30% for awake bruxism (AB) and from 8% to 16% for sleep bruxism (SB), while in children they raise up to 40% for SB. Currently, bruxism is considered an ‘umbrella term’ for different jaw muscle activities, occurring during sleep and/or wakefulness. They have a different aetiology, but there is agreement on their central, not peripheral, origin. In otherwise healthy individuals, bruxism can be considered a muscle behaviour, which can be harmless or represent a risk and/or protective factor for clinical consequences, rather than being a disorder per se. Nonetheless, given the merging knowledge on the interaction with several associated factors and concurrent conditions, bruxism should be investigated for being a possible sign of an underlying primary condition. Consequently, treatment should be directed to the management of the possible clinical consequences and/or to the underlying primary conditions. It is generally based on the conservative strategies. The present manuscript summarises the available knowledge on bruxism aetiology, assessment and management for both SB and AB in adults and children, with focus on the future directions to implement the clinical relevance of bruxism researches.Clinical relevanceA narrative overview summarising such a quickly evolving topic as bruxism may be useful to help clinicians understanding the complex relationship among bruxism, the possible underlying primary conditions, and the possible clinical consequences.
Proactive yet reflective? Materializing proactive personality into creativity through job reflective learning and activated positive affective states
Authors: Li Fuli , Chen Tingting , Chen Nancy Yi‐Feng , Bai Yun , Crant J. Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStudies linking proactive personality to creativity have primarily taken a future‐oriented perspective, describing a process where individuals assess future opportunities and risks of creative endeavors. Complementing this approach, we draw on an attribution theory perspective to delineate how proactive personality relates to employee creativity through the serial mediating effects of job reflective learning—a backward‐looking cognitive process—and activated positive affective states. Job reflective learning captures backward‐looking self‐assessments and the underlying internal causal attributions, and it is differentiated into two valences: job reflective learning from successes and from failures. Based on two separate multi‐wave, multi‐source field studies, our findings consistently show a serial mediation process linking proactive personality to creativity through both valences of job reflective learning and activated positive affective states. Job reflective learning from successes breeds joviality, whereas job reflective learning from failures arouses attentiveness. Joviality and attentiveness—both types of activated positive affective states—in turn promote creativity. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of how proactive employees manifest their proactivity trait into actual creativity through backward‐looking cognitive and affective processes.
Improving the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a whole‐killed malaria blood‐stage vaccine by chloroquine
Authors: Fu Yong , Lu Xiao , Zhu Feng , Zhao Yunxiang , Ding Yan , Ye Lilin , Guo Bo , Liu Taiping , Xu Wenyue 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA whole‐killed malaria blood‐stage vaccine (WKV) is promising in reducing the morbidity and mortality of malaria patients, but its efficacy needs to be improved. We found that the antimalarial drug chloroquine could augment the protective efficacy of the WKV of Plasmodium yoelii. The direct antimalarial effect of chloroquine on parasites during immunization could be excluded, as the administration of chloroquine or chloroquine plus alum every two weeks had a slight effect on parasitemia, and an immunization with NP‐KLH (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenylacetyl Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin) plus chloroquine could significantly promote the generation of NP‐specific antibodies. Additionally, alum was required for chloroquine to augment the immunogenicity of the pRBC lysate. Chloroquine did not promote the parasite‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses, but significantly enhanced the WKV‐induced germinal centre B cell reactions, class‐switch recombination and secretion of functionally protective antibodies to plasmodium. The elevated parasite‐specific antibodies were demonstrated to largely contribute to the chloroquine‐enhanced protective immunity. Thus, we report that chloroquine could be used as an adjuvant to enhance the protective immunity of WKVs through promoting humoral responses.