bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration of Raman bandwidth in large Raman images using a mercury–argon lamp
Authors: Jakubek Ryan S. , Fries Marc D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRaman imaging has proven to be an important tool in the analysis of astromaterials. Raman imaging can describe the composition and mineralogy of astromaterials in a nondestructive manner preserving precious samples for additional study. Raman bandwidth is a common spectroscopic marker used to elucidate information such as composition, latent strain, and thermal processing history. The observed Raman bandwidth of a sample is a result of a convolution of the true Raman lineshape and the spectrometer's slit function. Thus, to compare Raman bandwidths across spectra and instruments, one needs to calibrate the Raman spectrum to account for effects of the slit function. Astromaterials are heterogeneous requiring the collection of large Raman images for adequate sampling. It is well known that the wavenumber calibration of an instrument drifts with time throughout Raman image collection. Here, we find that the spectrometer slit function also varies with time and laboratory temperature throughout Raman image collection. We utilize a mercury–argon (Hg–Ar) lamp integrated into our Raman microscope in a novel manner to calibrate the bandwidth in each Raman spectrum within our Raman image. We can do this because the narrow Hg–Ar lamp emission lines approximate the spectrometer slit function for each Raman spectrum allowing for the calculation of the true Raman bandwidth from each Raman spectrum within the Raman image. Our technique allows for the comparison of Raman bandwidth throughout a Raman image and between Raman images/spectra collected using different instruments, facilitating scientific analyses that are reproducible across multiple laboratories.
Perceptual Voice and Speech Analysis after Supraglottic Laryngeal Closure for Chronic Aspiration in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ku Peter K. M. , Vlantis Alexander C. , Yeung Zenon W. C. , Ho Osan Y. M. , Cho Ryan H. W. , Lee Alex K. F. , Hui Thomas S. C. , So Erin P. L. , Law Thomas K. T. , Abdullah Victor , van Hasselt Andrew , Tong Michael C. F. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the voice and speech outcomes after tubed supraglottic laryngeal closure (TSLC) surgery to treat chronic aspiration after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.Study DesignA retrospective case‐control study.MethodsThe data of patients who underwent radiotherapy for head and neck cancer and who later required total laryngectomy or TSLC for chronic aspiration between 2004 and 2017 were retrieved from a dysphagia clinic. Preoperative and postoperative voice and speech were assessed by the GRBAS and INFVo rating scales. Control subjects who underwent radiotherapy alone or total laryngectomy with a tracheoesophageal prosthesis for other indications were recruited for comparison.ResultsOf 15 patients who underwent a TSLC with a mean age of 57.3 years (45–75 years), 13 were male and 2 female. All patients had a history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The success rate of speech production using their own larynx following an intact TSLC was 64%. There was no statistically significant difference in voice and speech ratings between preoperative and TSLC subjects on the GRBAS (P = .32) and INFVo scales (P = .57), although the quality of voice appeared to deteriorate after TSLC. However, the INFVo scale for impression, intelligibility and unsteadiness of the voice after TSLC was statistically significantly better than for laryngectomy with tracheoesophageal speech.ConclusionsA tubed supraglottic laryngeal closure controls chronic aspiration while preserving the larynx for phonation, and results in a better voice and speech quality than a laryngectomy with a voice prosthesis.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1616–E1623, 2021
Olfactory and taste dysfunction among mild‐to‐moderate symptomatic COVID‐19 positive health care workers: An international survey
Authors: Andrews Peter J. , Pendolino Alfonso Luca , Ottaviano Giancarlo , Scarpa Bruno , Grant Joseph , Gaudioso Piergiorgio , Bordin Anna , Marchese‐Ragona Rosario , Leoni Davide , Cattelan Annamaria , Kaura Anika , Gane Simon , Hamilton Nick J. , Choi David , Andrews Julie A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of olfactory and taste dysfunction (OD; TD) among COVID‐19 positive health care workers (HCWs), their associated risk factors and prognosis.MethodsBetween May and June 2020, a longitudinal multicenter study was conducted on symptomatic COVID‐19 PCR confirmed HCWs (COVID‐19 positive) in London and Padua.ResultsHundred and fourteen COVID‐19 positive HCWs were surveyed with a response rate of 70.6% over a median follow‐up period of 52 days. UK prevalence of OD and TD was 73.1% and 69.2%, respectively. There was a male to female ratio of 1:3 with 81.6% being white, 43.7% being nurses/health care assistants (HCAs), and 39.3% being doctors. In addition, 53.2% of them worked on COVID‐19 wards. Complete recovery was reported in 31.8% for OD and 47.1% for TD with a 52 days follow‐up. The job role of doctors and nurses negatively influenced smell (P = .04 and P = .02) and taste recovery (P = .02 and P = .01). Ethnicity (being white) showed to positively influence only taste recovery (P = .04). Sex (being female) negatively influenced OD and TD recovery only in Paduan HCWs (P = .02 and P = .011, respectively). Working on a COVID‐19 ward did not influence prognosis.ConclusionsThe prevalence of OD and TD was considerably higher in HCWs. The prognosis for OD and TD recovery was worse for nurses/HCAs and doctors but working on a COVID‐19 ward did not influence prognosis. Sixty‐eight percent of surveyed HCWs at 52 days continued to experience OD or TD requiring additional future medical management capacity.Level of Evidence4.
Enzyme Degradable Polymersomes from Chitosan‐g‐[poly‐l‐lysine‐block‐ε‐caprolactone] Copolymer
Authors: Bourgat Yannick , Tiersch Brigitte , Koetz Joachim , Menzel Henning 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe scope of this study includes the synthesis of chitosan‐g‐[peptide‐poly‐ε‐caprolactone] and its self‐assembly into polymeric vesicles employing the solvent shift method. In this way, well‐defined core–shell structures suitable for encapsulation of drugs are generated. The hydrophobic polycaprolactone side‐chain and the hydrophilic chitosan backbone are linked via an enzyme‐cleavable peptide. The synthetic route involves the functionalization of chitosan with maleimide groups and the preparation of polycaprolactone with alkyne end‐groups. A peptide functionalized with a thiol group on one side and an azide group on the other side is prepared. Thiol‐ene click‐chemistry and azide–alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition are then used to link the chitosan and poly‐ε‐caprolactone chains, respectively, with this peptide. For a preliminary study, poly‐l‐lysin is a readily available and cleavable peptide that is introduced to investigate the feasibility of the system. The size and shape of the polymersomes are studied by dynamic light scattering and cryo‐scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, degradability is studied by incubating the polymersomes with two enzymes, trypsin and chitosanase. A dispersion of polymersomes is used to coat titanium plates and to further test the stability against enzymatic degradation.
Controls and Effects of Monomer Junctions and Sequences in Curable and Degradable Polyarylate Containing Acrylate Moieties
Authors: Kohsaka Yasuhiro , Nagai Koki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn contrast to solution polymerization, interfacial polymerization of α‐(chloromethyl)acryloyl chloride and bisphenol Z results in fast esterification and slow ether formation, affording regulated monomer junctions. The controlled structure increases the crystallinity of the resulting polymers. In addition, terpolymerization with dicarboxylic acid chloride results in controlled monomer sequences with uniformly distributed acrylate moieties, leading to efficient curability.
The influence of contact engineering on silicon‐based anode for li‐ion batteries
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Chen Shaohong , Liu Anhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSilicon is considered as the desirable anode material for lithium‐ion batteries due to its suitable discharge potential, abundant reserve, and ultra‐high specific capacity. However, poor conductivity and unstable battery performance caused by large volume change during cycling limit the further development of silicon anode. In order to avoid the unstable solid electrolyte interface layer caused by the direct contact between silicon and electrolyte, and to eliminate the structural collapse caused by the volume change during cycling, dimension size reduction, reserved voids, and novel structural framework are usually adopted. Although these methods can effectively improve the defects, a new problem is introduced and cannot be ignored: contact engineering between the coating layer and silicon core. Herein, contact engineering is classified into three categories: face to face (F2F), line to line (L2L), and point to point (P2P) according to the contact modes between the coating and core. There is utilizability of the structure categories of different contact modes and their influence on electrochemical performance. Therefore, in the future research of silicon anode, contact engineering is a non‐negligible aspect in the structural design process. Finally, feasible strategies based on contact engineering have been indicated.
Using Q‐methodology to understand stakeholder perspectives on a carnivore translocation
Authors: Bavin David , MacPherson Jenny , Denman Huw , Crowley Sarah L. , McDonald Robbie A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReversing global declines in predator populations is a major conservation objective, though people frequently come into conflict over carnivore conservation. As part of a national recovery programme for the pine martenMartes martes, a protected mesocarnivore in the UK, we used Q‐methodology to understand the perspectives of residents living in an area in which a pine marten translocation project was planned.In contrast to binary ‘for or against’ characterizations of debates surrounding such projects, we identified four perspectives with distinct priorities and concerns. A single perspective, ‘Concerned Manager’, opposed the translocation and marten recovery more generally, was apprehensive about impacts and favoured traditional predator management practices. Support was characterized by three perspectives: ‘Environmental Protectionist’, ‘Natural Resource Steward’ and ‘Cautious Pragmatist’. Two explicitly supported the translocation but differed in their priorities: Environmental Protectionist framed marten restoration as an ethical imperative, whereas Natural Resource Steward emphasized ecological and economic benefits. Cautious Pragmatist supported marten recovery, but expressed ambivalence about the translocation.We identified areas of divergence between the four perspectives, particularly surrounding risks posed by martens and need for predator control. We identified two areas of consensus among the four perspectives: support for a biodiverse environment and translocations as a means of achieving this (though this was contingent on the species), and agreement there would be economic and ecological benefits if martens controlled non‐native grey squirrelsSciurus carolinensis.We highlight that perspectives on this project were influenced by wider issues of wildlife management and conservation, particularly the impact and management of increasing populations of another mesocarnivore, the badgerMeles meles. Negative experiences and perceptions of badgers were germane to the Concerned Manager perspective, and their fear that protected status would preclude marten population control. ‘Rewilding’ emerged as a divisive background issue, against which some participants evaluated the translocation.In facilitating understanding of perspectives and establishing the contexts through which they were formed, we found that Q‐methodology enabled us, as a team comprising conservation practitioners and researchers, to engage meaningfully with affected residents. We recommend the tool as a useful step in assessing social feasibility of conservation translocations.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Morphological and mechanical behavior of polyurethane/epoxy interpenetrating polymers and its flax fiber‐reinforced composites
Authors: Qu Zehua , Zhao Binbin , Wang Jing , Pan Xiaoxia , Hu Xiaoyue , Tan Jiayi , Shen Yiou 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe application of plant fiber‐reinforced epoxy plastic is severely limited by its relatively low mechanical properties, especially for its brittleness and weak interlaminar properties. The physical and mechanical properties in both nano‐ and macro‐scales of polyurethane/epoxy interpenetration networks were deeply investigated through dynamic mechanical analysis, atomic force microscope and the tensile tests. The atomic force microscope analysis shows that proper amount of polyurethane and evenly distribution could improve the mechanical properties of the resin cast due to the polyurethane/epoxy interpenetrating networks fix the phase zone and increases the strength and stiffness of the system and this was proven with macroscale tensile tests. Moreover, it is impressive to notice that with addition of 15 wt% of polyurethane into epoxy, the initial fracture toughness of its corresponding composite exhibits 48% enhancement. The results in this study indicate that polyurethane/epoxy interpenetration networks show positive effect on improving the interfacial and interlaminar properties of plant fiber reinforced composites.
Mass‐to‐charge ion composition of plasma in a magnetron discharge with reactive sputtering of titanium target
Authors: Tyunkov Andrey V. , Burdovitsin Victor A. , Oks Efim M. , Shandrikov Maxim V. , Yushkov Yury G. , Zavadsky Sergey M. , Zolotukhin Denis B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we have analyzed the ion mass‐to‐charge composition of the plasma of a magnetron discharge with a titanium target operating in various gases: argon, nitrogen, oxygen, and their mixtures. The addition of nitrogen and oxygen to argon significantly affects the ion spectrum in the magnetron discharge plasma. The increased fraction of nitrogen in the mixture of more than 15% contributes to the dominance of atomic nitrogen ions in the spectrum and leads to a strong decrease in both the plasma density and the metal (titanium) ion fraction in the plasma. The addition of more than 10% oxygen leads to the complete absence of metal ions in the spectrum. These effects are associated with the formation of nitride and oxide layers on the titanium target surface, thus inhibiting the introduction of metal ions in the plasma.
A full three‐dimensional model for the estimation of the natural frequencies of an offshore wind turbine in sand
Authors: Alkhoury Philip , Soubra Abdul‐Hamid , Rey Valentine , Aït‐Ahmed Mourad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe design of an offshore wind turbine (OWT) founded on a monopile foundation is principally based on dimensioning criteria related to its fundamental frequencies. These frequencies must remain outside the excitation frequencies to avoid resonance. For the calculation of the OWT natural frequencies, several studies exist, but few of them simultaneously consider both the real geometrical configuration of the OWT superstructure (tower, blades, and transition piece) and the three‐dimensional (3D) soil domain and its interaction with the monopile foundation. This paper aims at filling this gap. A rigorous 3D finite element method‐based model of a 10 MW DTU OWT installed in sand is developed. The aim is to perform a structural modal analysis of the wind turbine in parked condition. The obtained natural frequencies are compared with those corresponding to other simplified models available in literature for the foundation and the superstructure in the scope of giving an insight about how poorly the existing simplified models can predict the OWT natural frequencies. Finally, a parametric analysis is performed to study the effect of the water depth, the monopile dimensions (diameter, thickness, and embedded depth), the transition piece height, and the sandy soil relative density on the system natural frequencies.
The Chromatic Brauer Category and Its Linear Representations
Authors: Müller L. Felipe , Wrazidlo Dominik J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Brauer category is a symmetric strict monoidal category that arises as a (horizontal) categorification of the Brauer algebras in the context of Banagl’s framework of positive topological field theories (TFTs). We introduce the chromatic Brauer category as an enrichment of the Brauer category in which the morphisms are component-wise labeled. Linear representations of the (chromatic) Brauer category are symmetric strict monoidal functors into the category of real vector spaces and linear maps equipped with the Schauenburg tensor product. We study representation theory of the (chromatic) Brauer category, and classify all its faithful linear representations. As an application, we use indices of fold lines to construct a refinement of Banagl’s concrete positive TFT based on fold maps into the plane.
New liquid-free proton conductive nanocomposite based on imidazole-functionalized cellulose nanofibers
Authors: Jankowska Iga Aleksandra , Pogorzelec-Glaser Katarzyna , Ławniczak Paweł , Matczak Michał , Pankiewicz Radosław 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe first successful attempt to synthesize a new proton conducting polymeric nanocomposite film based on pure cellulose nanofibers (CNF) as a polymer matrix functionalized on their surface with imidazole molecules (Im) as a dopant, was made. The 2CNF-Im nanomaterial contains on average one molecule of imidazole per 2 glucose units from cellulose chains. Water evaporation and thermal stability of 2CNF-Im were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity was studied by the impedance spectroscopy. At 140 °C, the 2CNF-Im nanocomposite has a maximum conductivity of 7.0 × 10−3 S/m, i.e. four orders of magnitude higher than that of non-functionalized CNF matrix. The newly synthesized cellulose nanocomposite exhibits high electrical and thermal stability. In 2CNF-Im, the activation energy of the proton transport process is the lowest compared to the previously synthesized imidazole-functionalized composites based on other pure cellulose materials and equals 0.62 eV. The synthesized nanomaterial is liquid-free solid polymer electrolyte showing proton conductivity above the boiling point of water.
Nonlinear model predictive control with logic constraints for COVID-19 management
Authors: Péni Tamás , Csutak Balázs , Szederkényi Gábor , Röst Gergely 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe management of COVID-19 appears to be a long-term challenge, even in countries that have managed to suppress the epidemic after their initial outbreak. In this paper, we propose a model predictive approach for the constrained control of a nonlinear compartmental model that captures the key dynamical properties of COVID-19. The control design uses the discrete-time version of the epidemic model, and it is able to handle complex, possibly time-dependent constraints, logical relations between model variables and multiple predefined discrete levels of interventions. A state observer is also constructed for the computation of non-measured variables from the number of hospitalized patients. Five control scenarios with different cost functions and constraints are studied through numerical simulations, including an output feedback configuration with uncertain parameters. It is visible from the results that, depending on the cost function associated with different policy aims, the obtained controls correspond to mitigation and suppression strategies, and the constructed control inputs are similar to real-life government responses. The results also clearly show the key importance of early intervention, the continuous tracking of the susceptible population and that of future work in determining the true costs of restrictive control measures and their quantitative effects.
Response-shift effects in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a secondary analysis of clinical trial data
Authors: Schwartz Carolyn E. , Stark Roland B. , Stucky Brian D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Researchers have long posited that response-shift effects may obfuscate treatment effects. The present work investigated possible response-shift effects in a recent clinical trial testing a new treatment for Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD). This pivotal trial provided impressive support for the drug Eculizumab in preventing relapse, but less strong or null results as the indicators became more subjective or evaluative. This pattern of results suggests that response-shift effects are present.

Methods
This secondary analysis utilized data from a randomized, double-blind trial evaluating the impact of Eculizumab in preventing relapses in 143 people with NMOSD. Treatment arm and then relapse status were hypothesized ‘catalysts’ of response shift in two series of analyses. We devised a “de-constructed” version of Oort structural-equation modeling using random-effects modeling for use in small samples. This method begins by testing an omnibus response-shift hypothesis and then, pending a positive result, implements a series of random-effects models to elucidate specific response-shift effects.

Results
In the omnibus test, the ‘standard quality-of-life (QOL) model’ captured substantially less well the experience of placebo as compared to Eculizumab group. Recalibration and reconceptualization response-shift effects were detected. Detected relapse-related response shifts included recalibration, reprioritization, and reconceptualization.

Conclusions
Trial patients experienced response shifts related to treatment- and relapse-related experiences. Published trial results likely under-estimated Eculizumab vs. Placebo differences due to recalibration and reconceptualization, and relapse effects due to recalibration, reprioritization, and reconceptualization. This novel random-effects- model application builds on response-shift theory and provides a small-sample method for better estimating treatment effects in clinical trials.