bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary clinical updates on the prevention of future cardiovascular disease in women who experience adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Park Ki , Minissian Margo B. , Wei Janet , Saade George R. , Smith Graeme N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAdverse pregnancy outcomes including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes are significant causes of maternal mortality. There is substantial evidence of an association between adverse events during pregnancy and long‐term maternal cardiovascular risk. It is therefore important to understand the role of risk modification prior to, during, and after pregnancy to reduce adverse outcomes. These efforts include risk assessment, routine screening for cardiovascular risk factors, and potential pharmacotherapeutic risk reduction. In this manuscript, we aim to highlight the current evidence in the areas of cardiovascular risk assessment and risk modification, and the role for potential risk reduction therapies before, during, and after pregnancy.
An intelligent algorithm with interactive learning mechanism for high‐dimensional optimization problem based on improved animal migration optimization
Authors: Lai Zhaolin , Hu Xiaochun , Jiang Caoqing 
Published: April 2020

SummaryRecently, a new intelligent algorithm called animal migration optimization (AMO) is proposed. The AMO algorithm, which is inspired by the behavior of animal migration, exhibits good performance on a series of benchmark functions whose dimensionality is less than or equal to 30. However, its performance deteriorates evidently when the dimensionality is more than 30. To overcome this drawback, we proposed an improved AMO (IAMO) with interactive learning mechanism in this article. First, an interactive learning mechanism is designed to improve the intelligence of AMO. During the the search process, individuals learn from each other by the exchange of information, and the search mode is adjusted dynamically. Second, a refined search method is adopted to enhance the search ability of AMO. Individuals will search around the current solutions in order to improve the quality of solutions. Third, a birth‐and‐death strategy is introduced to avoid local optimum. In addition, the property convergence of IAMO is analyzed theoretically. The proposed algorithm is validated on several standard benchmark functions whose dimensionality is 50, 100, and 150, respectively. The empirical results demonstrate that the performance of our proposed algorithm is promising.
Early high‐moisture wheat harvest improves double‐crop system: I. Wheat yield and quality
Authors: Parvej Md. Rasel , Holshouser David L. , Kratochvil Robert J. , Whaley Cory M. , Dunphy E. James , Roth Gregory W. , Faé Giovani S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDouble cropping winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] increases total food production without additional land. However, yield and/or quality of both crops often suffer if wheat harvest is delayed beyond maturity. We evaluated the impact of high‐moisture wheat harvest on wheat yield and quality and soybean planting time across eighteen site‐years in five Mid‐Atlantic states during 2015 to 2017. Wheat was harvested three to five times beginning at 150 to 200 g kg−1 moisture at 4 to 14 d intervals. High‐moisture wheat harvest facilitated 4 to 21 d earlier soybean planting. Grain moisture generally decreased with harvest date, but temperature and rainfall varied moisture content. Wheat test weight declined linearly 2.91 to 4.87 kg m−3 d−1 delay in harvest. Wheat relative yield was not affected by delayed harvest in Pennsylvania but declined linearly 2.6% per day delay in harvest after 4 July in Maryland, 0.55% after 30 June in Delaware, 3.1% after 19 June in Virginia, and 0.42% after 4 June in North Carolina. Test weight was positively associated with relative yield and explained 37 to 82% of relative yield variability. Critical days for desirable test weight were similar to the critical harvesting days for maximum yield, indicating that test weight is an excellent predictor of optimum harvesting day. Delayed harvest decreased grain falling number but increased softness equivalent. Overall, high‐moisture wheat harvest improved wheat yield and quality by reducing test weight loss and would allow earlier soybean planting to maximize growth and yield.
Tracheostomy during SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic: Recommendations from the New York Head and Neck Society
Authors: Miles Brett A. , Schiff Bradley , Ganly Ian , Ow Thomas , Cohen Erik , Genden Eric , Culliney Bruce , Mehrotra Bhoomi , Savona Steven , Wong Richard J. , Haigentz Missak , Caruana Salvatore , Givi Babak , Patel Kepal , Hu Kenneth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe rapid spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 in 2019 and 2020 has resulted in a worldwide pandemic characterized by severe pulmonary inflammation, effusions, and rapid respiratory compromise. The result of this pandemic is a large and increasing number of patients requiring endotracheal intubation and prolonged ventilator support. The rapid rise in endotracheal intubations coupled with prolonged ventilation requirements will certainly lead to an increase in tracheostomy procedures in the coming weeks and months. Performing tracheostomy in the setting of active SARS‐CoV‐2, when necessary, poses a unique situation, with unique risks and benefits for both the patient and the health care providers. The New York Head and Neck Society has collaborated on this document to provide guidance on the performance of tracheostomies during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.
Obesity and health care interventions: Substantiating a multi‐modal challenge through the lens of grounded theory
Authors: Mandlik Milind , Oetzel John G. , Kadirov Djavlonbek 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIssue addressedOne of the biggest concerns for human health in the 21st century is the ever‐increasing rate of obesity and its associated budgetary implications for publicly funded health care service provisioning. This study at the outset explores the multifaceted nature of food‐related consumption choices and outcomes of obesity, and later offers suggestions to improve the existing interventional strategies to curtail the epidemic.MethodsA total of 24 participants were recruited through poster invitations placed around the greater metropolitan area of Auckland, New Zealand. Participants shared their health care intervention program experiences through in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed in keeping with traditions of constructivist grounded theory.FindingsAnalysis revealed various concurrent individually acting and ecologically mediated processes which led to obesogenic outcomes as a result of social actors’ (participants) engagement in acts of (food‐related) consumption practices.ConclusionsThis study helps to illustrate the underlying, multifaceted processes that lead to obese individuals feeling defeated or disempowered and categorically willing, yet unable to bring about healthy changes in their lives. We hope this study will prompt health care practitioners to take a holistic approach while conceiving and deploying health care intervention programs.So what?Current health care interventional programs are not achieving optimum solutions for those in need. All future programs need to acknowledge the roles played by an individual, as well as ecological factors, while deploying client‐centric intervention solutions. Perhaps these programs are in need of a team‐based approach to offer a truly “wrap‐around” service provisioning strategy, rather than the traditional one‐on‐one consultative approaches in use at current times.
Post‐abortion contraception before hospital discharge after installation of a surveillance network in Brazil
Authors: Veiga‐Junior Nelio N. , Cavalari Camila A. , Eugeni Caroline , Kajiura Beatriz D. , Stefano Natalia , Baccaro Luiz F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the use of contraception soon after abortion, ectopic, or molar pregnancy following the establishment of a surveillance network (MUSA).MethodsA cross‐sectional study of women admitted for abortion, or ectopic or molar pregnancy at UNICAMP Women's Hospital (part of the MUSA Network), Campinas, Brazil, between July 2017 and August 2019. Clinical and sociodemographic data were compared between women who initiated contraception before discharge and those who did not by using a Cochran‐Armitage test and multiple logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 382 women were enrolled (mean ± SD age, 29.6 ± 7.4 years). Most women (287, 75.2%) had abortions, and 146 (38.2%) initiated contraception before hospital discharge. The most common contraceptives were injectables (75, 51.4%) followed by pills (65, 44.5%). Use of contraception increased during the study period (Z=3.69, P<0.01), mostly due to injectables (Z=3.84, P<0.01). Factors independently associated with contraceptive initiation were admission in 2019 (odds ratio [OR], 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36–5.17) and not having an abortion for legal reasons (OR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.30–9.62).ConclusionImplementation of a surveillance network optimized the health service and quality of care. There was an increase in contraception use and a vulnerable population was identified.
Inhibition of histone deacetylases is the major pathway mediated by astaxanthin to antagonize LPS‐induced inflammatory responses in mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Venkidasamy Baskar , Thiruvengadam Muthu , Thirupathi Prabhu , Subramanian Umadevi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMastitis is a major inflammatory response of the mammary gland due to various pathogenic invasions and is a serious disease that affects the production yield and health status of cows. Astaxanthin (AST), a xanthophyll carotenoid, is a secondary metabolite synthesized by microalgae and yeasts that has been reported to suppress various inflammatory responses. However, the protective effect of AST on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced mammary epithelial cells has not yet been reported. The present study results indicated that AST treatment markedly attenuated the oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide (NO) while improving the anti‐oxidant enzymes in LPS exposed cells. On the other hand, LPS‐exposed cells showed nuclear translocation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) with the activation of inflammatory cytokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). In addition, mRNA expression analysis revealed that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) ‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐6, ‐7 and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) expressions were increased in the LPS group. Furthermore, the activity of HDAC was increased to 2‐fold with a significant reduction in the histone acetyltransferase activity in cells exposed to LPS. However, AST was able to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB with attenuated HDAC activity. Intriguingly, HDAC inhibition studies demonstrated that the cytokines such as IL‐4, IL‐8, granulocyte‐mcrophage colony stimulating factor, C‐reactive protein, IL‐17A, and IL‐22 were significantly suppressed which were upregulated in LPS treatment; while AST was found acting by improving the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10, and thioredoxin reductase levels. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the role of HDACs in regulating cellular processes involved in the pathogenesis of LPS‐induced mastitis as well as the potential use of AST as a therapeutic in treatment for controlling disease progression.
Chemical behavior of 4,9‐dimethoxy‐5‐oxo‐5H‐furo[3,2‐g]chromene‐6‐carboxaldehyde towards carbon nucleophilic reagents
Authors: Ibrahim Magdy A. , El‐Gohary Nasser M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe chemical behavior of 6‐formylkhellin (1) was investigated toward a variety of carbon nucleophiles. Treatment of aldehyde 1 with cyanoacetamide, N‐benzylcyanoacetamide produced pyridine‐3‐carboxamides 3 and 4. Treatment of carboxaldehyde 1 with malononitrile dimer and 1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐ylacetonitrile gave 1,6‐naphthyridine 5 and pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole 6, respectively. Some novel pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine 7, pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines 8 and 9 were synthesized from the ring opening ring closure reactions of carboxaldehyde 1 with certain heterocyclic enamines. In addition, reaction of carboxaldehyde 1 with certain cyclic enols produced a variety of products. Treatment of carboxaldehyde 1 with 1,3‐cyclohexanediones gave xanthene‐1,8‐diones 19 and 20. Reaction of carboxaldehyde 1 with 5‐methyl‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrazol‐3‐one proceeds in 1:2 M ratio producing pyrazolo [4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole derivative 22. Carboxaldehyde 1 reacted with certain heterocyclic compounds containing active methylene groups to give the corresponding condensation products 22‐27. The synthesized compounds were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity and showed high to moderate activities against the tested microorganisms.
Swallowing Pressure Variability as a Function of Pharyngeal Region, Bolus Volume, Age, and Sex
Authors: Jones Corinne A. , Ciucci Michelle R. , Abdelhalim Suzan M. , McCulloch Timothy M. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesWithin‐individual movement variability occurs in most motor domains. However, it is unknown how pharyngeal swallowing pressure varies in healthy individuals. We hypothesized that: 1) variability would differ among pharyngeal regions; 2) variability would decrease with increased bolus volume; 3) variability would increase with age; and 4) there would be no sex differences.Study DesignCase series.MethodsWe used pharyngeal high‐resolution manometry to measure swallowing pressure in the following regions: velopharynx, tongue base, hypopharynx, and upper esophageal sphincter. Data were collected from 97 healthy adults (41 male) aged 21 to 89 years during thin liquid swallows: 2 mL, 10 mL, and participant‐selected comfortable volume. Pressure variability was measured using coefficient of variation. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess impacts of region, bolus volume, age, and sex on pressure variability.ResultsThere was a significant region × volume interaction (P< .001) and significant main effect of age (P= .005). Pressures in the hypopharynx region were more variable than all other regions (P≤ .028), and pressures in the tongue base region were less variable than all other regions (P≤ .002) except at 2 mL volumes (P= .065). Swallowing pressure variability was significantly different in the velopharynx and upper esophageal sphincter regions, with comfortable volume and 2 mL swallows having greater variability than 10 mL swallows (P≤ .026). Pressure variability significantly increased with increasing age (P= .002). There were no effects of sex on pressure variability (P≥ .15).ConclusionPharyngeal swallowing pressure variability differs according pharyngeal region, volume, and age but not sex. Abnormal swallowing pressure variability may reflect deviations in motor control in persons with swallowing impairment, and results from this study can be used as normative data for future investigations evaluating swallowing pressure generation.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 131:E52–E58, 2021
Recent responses of grassland net primary productivity to climatic and anthropogenic factors in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Wang Yanwen , Yue Huanbi , Peng Qing , He Chao , Hong Song , Bryan Brett A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNet primary productivity (NPP) is an essential indicator of ecosystem function and sustainability and plays a vital role in the carbon cycle, especially in arid and semiarid grassland ecosystems. Quantifying trends in NPP and identifying the contributing factors are important for understanding the relative impacts of climate change and human activities on grassland degradation. For our case‐study of Kyrgyzstan, we quantified from 2000 to 2014 the spatial and temporal patterns in climate‐driven potential NPP (NPPP) using the Zhou Guangsheng model specifically developed for Asian grasslands, and actual NPP (NPPA) using the globally calibrated MOD17A3 NPP data product. By calculating the difference between NPPP and NPPA, we inferred human‐induced NPP (NPPH) and thereby characterized changes in grassland NPP attributable to anthropogenic activities. The results showed that grassland NPPA in Kyrgyzstan experienced a slight decrease over time at an average rate of −0.87 g C·m−2·yr−1 but patterns varied between provinces. Nearly 60% of Kyrgyzstan's grasslands experienced degradation mostly in the northern parts of the country, while grassland NPPA increased over more than 40% of the study area, occurring mostly in the south. Climate change, in particular change in precipitation was the dominant factor driving grassland degradation in the north but human pressures also contributed. In the south, however, human activities were associated with extensive areas of grassland recovery. The results provide important contextual understanding for supporting policy for grassland conservation and restoration under future climate change and intensifying human pressures.
Thermal analysis of magnetron injection gun for 170 GHz gyrotron
Authors: Liu Yinghui , Liu Jianwei , Tang Chao , Wang Hui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe 170 GHz gyrotron presented in this article has an operating voltage of 75 kV and a beam current up to 45 A, which requires the cathode emission temperature to reach above 1000°C. At such a high temperature, it is bound to cause the cathode of the electron gun to undergo thermal expansion and generate a certain amount of deformation, which may cause a large change in the performance parameters of the electron gun. This article uses thermal analysis simulation software ANSYS Workbench and COMSOL Multiphysics to perform thermal analysis processing on the electron gun. The thermal analysis results show that the temperature difference of the magnetron injection gun (MIG) cathode emission band is 4.6°C, and the total deformation is about 0.054 mm. The magnitude of the deformation is within an acceptable range and has little effect on the performance of the MIG. Comparing the thermal analysis results obtained by the two software, the simulation results agree well.
Performance test methods for near‐infrared fluorescence imaging
Authors: Kanniyappan Udayakumar , Wang Bohan , Yang Charles , Ghassemi Pejhman , Litorja Maritoni , Suresh Nitin , Wang Quanzeng , Chen Yu , Pfefer T. Joshua 
Published: April 2020

PurposeNear‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging using exogenous contrast has gained much attention as a technique for enhancing visualization of vasculature using untargeted agents, as well as for the detection and localization of cancer with targeted agents. In order to address the emerging need for standardization of NIRF imaging technologies, it is necessary to identify the best practices suitable for objective, quantitative testing of key image quality characteristics. Toward the development of a battery of test methods that are rigorous yet applicable to a wide variety of devices, we have evaluated techniques for phantom design, measurement, and calculation of specific performance metrics.MethodsUsing a NIRF imaging system for indocyanine green imaging, providing excitation at 780 nm and detection above 830 nm, we explored methods to evaluate uniformity, field of view, spectral crosstalk, spatial resolution, depth of field, sensitivity, linearity, and penetration depth. These measurements were performed using fluorophore‐doped multiwell plate and high turbidity planar phantoms, as well as a 3D‐printed multichannel phantom and a USAF 1951 resolution target.Results and ConclusionsBased on a wide range of approaches described in medical and fluorescence imaging literature, we have developed and demonstrated a cohesive battery of test methods for evaluation of fluorescence image quality in wide‐field imagers. We also propose a number of key metrics that can facilitate direct, quantitative comparison of device performance. These methods have the potential to facilitate more uniform evaluation and inter‐comparison of clinical and preclinical imaging systems than is typically achieved, with the long‐term goal of establishing international standards for fluorescence image quality assessment.
Breakfast Skipping, Body Composition, and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Bonnet Jonathan P. , Cardel Michelle I. , Cellini Jaqueline , Hu Frank B. , Guasch‐Ferré Marta 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of skipping breakfast on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors.MethodsThis study conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating breakfast skipping compared with breakfast consumption. Inclusion criteria included age ≥ 18, intervention duration ≥ 4 weeks, ≥ 7 participants per group, and ≥ 1 body composition measure. Random‐effects meta‐analyses of the effect of breakfast skipping on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors were performed.ResultsSeven RCTs (n = 425 participants) with an average duration of 8.6 weeks were included. Compared with breakfast consumption, breakfast skipping significantly reduced body weight (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −0.54 kg [95% CI: −1.05 to −0.03], P = 0.04, I2 = 21.4%). Percent body fat was reported in 5 studies and was not significantly different between breakfast skippers and consumers. Three studies reported on low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), which was increased in breakfast skippers as compared with breakfast consumers (WMD = 9.24 mg/dL [95% CI: 2.18 to 16.30], P = 0.01). Breakfast skipping did not lead to significant differences in blood pressure, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, C‐reactive protein, insulin, fasting glucose, leptin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, or ghrelin.ConclusionsBreakfast skipping may have a modest impact on weight loss and may increase LDL in the short term. Further studies are needed to provide additional insight into the effects of breakfast skipping.
Investigating distributions and changes of alkaloids in living Catharanthus roseus under low‐phosphorus stress using wooden‐tip electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry
Authors: Wu Lin , Yao Ya‐Nan , Hu Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionVinca alkaloids are important sources for producing anticancer drugs from Catharanthus roseus. The phosphorus of soil is one of crucial factors for planting C. roseus.ObjectivesWe aim to develop an in vivo sampling technique coupled with direct mass spectrometry with wooden tip for investigating distributions and changes of alkaloids in flowers, leaves, stems, veins and roots of living C. roseus under low‐phosphorus stress.Materials and MethodsLiving C. roseus were prepared under low‐phosphorus stress (n = 10) and control conditions (n = 10). Wooden‐tip electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry and conventional liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry were applied to analyse living C. roseus and extracts of C. roseus, respectively.ResultsDistributions and changes of serpentine, vindoline, catharanthine, and anhydrovinblastine in living C. roseus under low‐phosphorus stress and control conditions were successfully obtained.ConclusionCompared to control soil conditions, low‐phosphorus soil was found to induce C. roseus to generate more serpentine but less catharanthine and vindoline in leaves, veins, stems and roots, and to generate more anhydrovinblastine in flowers, leaves, stems and roots. Overall, our results showed a simple, rapid, and effective method for in vivo sampling and direct analysis of living plants.