bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of mechanical, chemical and physical human models of in vivo skin damage: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Leskur Dario , Perišić Ivana , Romac Kristina , Šušak Helena , Šešelja Perišin Ana , Bukić Josipa , Rušić Doris , Kladar Nebojša , Božin Biljana , Modun Darko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionHuman in vivo models of skin damage were often used in research of cutaneous disorders. The most commonly used models were tape‐stripping as mechanical, sodium lauryl sulphate‐induced irritation as chemical and ultraviolet radiation as physical damage model. In regard to differences between models, they were expected to have different responses to damage and recovery, with unique skin parameters’ changes over time.ObjectiveThe aim was to compare skin parameters in three different skin damage models on the same anatomical location, with and without topical treatment.MethodsFour test sites on each forearm were randomly assigned to three skin damage models with the fourth sites on each forearm chosen as a control, undamaged site. Skin parameters were assessed using non‐invasive methods.ResultsSodium lauryl sulphate irritation caused the strongest damage with delayed reaction to the irritant. Tape stripping leads to highest initial skin barrier disruption but afterwards it showed the fastest skin recovery. Ultraviolet radiation did not affect skin barrier function, but it elevated skin erythema and melanin level. Tested preparation did not lead to changes in measured parameters.ConclusionThe skin of the participants had different response to three skin damage models with distinct changes of skin parameters and recovery.The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT03783819.
Effect of a free healthcare policy on health services utilisation for non‐malarial febrile illness by children under five years in Burkina Faso: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Sia D. , Dondbzanga B. D. G. , Carabali M. , Bonnet E. , Enok Bonong P. R. , Ridde V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of a free healthcare policy for children under five years old implemented in Burkina Faso since April 2016, on the use of health care of non‐malarial febrile illnesses (NMFI).MethodsTo assess the immediate and long‐term effect of the free healthcare policy in place, we conducted an interrupted time series analysis of routinely collected data on febrile illnesses from three urban primary health centres of Ouagadougou between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2016.ResultsOf the 39 046 febrile cases reported in the study period, 17 017 NMFI were included in the study. Compared to the period before the intervention, we observed an immediate, non‐statistically significant increase of 7% in the number of NMFI (IRR = 1.07; 95% CI = 0.75, 1.51). Compared to the trend that would have been expected in absence of the intervention, the results showed a small but sustained increase of 6% in the trend of monthly number of NMFI during the intervention period (IRR = 1.06; 95%CI = 1.01, 1.12).ConclusionOur study highlighted an increase in the uptake of healthcare services, specifically for NMFI by children under five years of age, after the implementation of a free care policy. This analysis contributes to informing decision makers on the need to strengthen the capacities of healthcare centres and to anticipate the challenges of the sustainability of this policy.
Fasting reduces the incidence of vincristine‐associated adverse events in dogs
Authors: Duckett Margaret E. , Curran Kaitlin M. , Leeper Haley J. , Ruby Carl E. , Bracha Shay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFasting has been shown to decrease chemotherapy‐associated adverse events (AEs), in part through insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) reduction, and may induce a protective effect on normal cells during chemotherapy treatment in mice and people. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fasting on constitutional, bone marrow and gastrointestinal (GI) AEs, and serum glucose, IGF‐1 and insulin levels in dogs receiving vincristine. The study was a prospective, crossover clinical trial in tumour‐bearing dogs. Dogs were randomized to be fasted for 24 to 28 hours prior to and 6 hours following their first or second vincristine treatment, and fed normally for the alternate dose. A significant reduction in nausea, anorexia, lethargy and serum insulin was observed when dogs were fasted; however, no significant differences were found in other GI symptoms, neutrophil count, serum glucose or IGF‐1. Fasting prior to vincristine therapy is a safe and effective treatment modality that helped mitigate constitutional and GI AEs in tumour‐bearing dogs.
Evolution of ischemia and neovascularization in a murine model of full thickness human wound healing
Authors: Karim Aos S. , Liu Aiping , Lin Christie , Uselmann Adam J. , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Brown Matthew E. , Gibson Angela L. F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTranslation of wound healing research is limited by the lack of an appropriate animal model, due to the anatomic and wound healing differences in animals and humans. Here, we characterize healing of grafted, full‐thickness human skin in an in vivo model of wound healing. Full‐thickness human skin, obtained from reconstructive operations, was grafted onto the dorsal flank of NOD.Cg‐KitW41J Tyr + Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/ThomJ mice. The xenografts were harvested 1 to 12 weeks after grafting, and histologic analyses were completed for viability, neovascularization, and hypoxia. Visual inspection of the xenograft shows drying and sloughing of the epidermis starting at week four. By week 12, the xenograft appears healed but has lost 63.05 ± 0.24% of the initial graft size. There is histologic evidence of epidermolysis as early as 2 weeks, which progresses until week 4, when new epidermis appears from the wound edges. Epidermal regeneration is complete by week 12, although the epidermis appears hypertrophied. An initial increase of infiltrating immune mouse cells into the xenograft normalizes to baseline 6 months after grafting. Neovascularization, as evidenced by positive staining for the proteins human CD31 and alpha smooth muscle actin, is present as early as 2 weeks after grafting at the interface between the xenograft and the mouse tissue. CD31 and alpha smooth muscle actin staining increased throughout the xenograft over the 12 weeks, leading to greater viability of the tissue. Likewise, there is increased Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1‐alpha expression at the interface of viable and nonviable tissue, which suggest a hypoxia‐driven process causing early graft loss. These findings illustrate human skin wound healing in an ischemic environment, providing a timeline for use of full thickness human skin after grafting in a murine model to study mechanisms underlying human skin wound healing.
Assessment System for Parkinson's Disease Tremor and Correlation Analysis With Applied Signal Processing Algorithms
Authors: Zhu Na , Miller Nathaniel S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Accurate measurement and assessment of Parkinson's disease (PD) tremor is important for patients, clinicians, and researchers to track changes in disease progression and the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. This study measured resting, postural, and kinetic tremor from patient's most-affected hand with accelerometers and gyrometers; thus, the linear and rotational motions in the x, y, z directions were obtained. Data were collected when patients were both ON and OFF their anti-PD medications. A bandpass filter was applied to extract raw tremor information, and several signal processing algorithms were used to analyze the data in both time and frequency domains, including the correlations between motions in different directions. The results of medication effectiveness on PD tremor and the correlational analyses were discussed.
Regulation Mechanism of Microribs on Heat Transfer Process of Cracking Reactive Flow With Strong Thermal Stratification
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Silong , Qin Jiang , Bao Wen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Microrib is regarded as an efficient method to regulate the heat transfer and thermal cracking of hydrocarbon fuel in regenerative cooling channels of advanced aero-engines. In order to explore the regulation mechanism of microribs on heat transfer of endothermic hydrocarbon fuel with thermal cracking in the unilateral heated channels, a three-dimensional simulation model including a 22-step cracking mechanism was built and experimentally tested. Besides, a macroscopic approach based on time scale analysis is proposed to estimate effects of obstacles on turbulence and thermal cracking. The studies demonstrated that due to unilateral heating, the regulation of microribs on heat transfer and thermal cracking is nonuniform in the channel, relating to local turbulence intensity and fluid properties. Particularly, the thermal cracking of fuel responses more slowly than turbulence when meeting obstacles. In this case, the regulation of microribs on the heat transfer characteristics of cracking hydrocarbon fuel is dominated by the direct perturbation of microribs on flow momentum, not through promoting chemical absorption of thermal cracking by microribs. Furthermore, higher fuel conversion and higher fluid temperature both assist the promotion of microribs on thermal cracking to a limited extent but has little effect on the acceleration of microribs on local turbulent flow.
Establishing the Need to Broaden Bioengineering Research Exposure and Research Participation in Mechanical Engineering and Its Positive Impacts on Student Recruitment, Diversification, Retention and Graduation: Findings From the UMBC ME S-STEM Scholarship Program
Authors: Zhu Liang , Eggleton Charles , Ma Ronghui , Topoleski L. D. Timmie , Madan Deepa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the current status of exposure to bio-engineering research in community college (CC) students and University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) students, and to estimate relationships between research activities sponsored by the Mechanical Engineering (ME) S-STEM Scholarship Program and improvement in student enrollment/diversification, retention rates, and graduation rates. The analysis drew on data from ME undergraduate academic records at UMBC from 2008 to 2019. A survey was designed to assess the research exposure of CC and UMBC students and their evaluation of the research components included in recruitment and curriculum activities. Results show that exposure to research measured by attending a research seminar was low for the participants, around 37% for CC students and 21% for ME students at UMBC. The survey results indicate the positive impact of the scholarship programs at UMBC on the research exposure and research experience. The impact is more evident in students who originally transferred from a CC. The large increase in recruited female and CC students over the past 10 years indicated that the research-related activities of the ME S-STEM program played an instrumental role in those increases. Because of the research-related activities, the ME S-STEM program achieved retention and graduation rates higher than those in the ME undergraduate program (89% versus 60% for the 6 year graduation rate), as well a higher percentage of students enrolled in graduate school (30% versus 10%). We conclude that there is still a need to implement research-related activities in the ME undergraduate program, starting with student recruitment and continuing through the academic program. Results suggest that there is a positive impact of ME S-STEM research activities on student diversification, retention rates, and percentage of our graduates who are pursuing graduate degree.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Blair-DeLeon Nancy A. , Struck Christopher J. 
Published: July 2020

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, S3/SC 1, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes a catalog of Acoustical American National Standards. To browse the latest copy of our catalog, visit our website at https://acousticalsociety.org/download-catalog/
Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.
This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA, as well as the national catalog of Acoustical Standards and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America, are also available via the ASA Standards home page: https://acousticalsociety.org/acoustical-society-standards/.
Mechanisms for addressing and managing the influence of corporations on public health policy, research and practice: a scoping review
Authors: Mialon Melissa , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Carriedo-Lutzenkirchen Angela , Bero Lisa , Gomes Fabio , Petticrew Mark , McKee Martin , Stuckler David , Sacks Gary 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveWe identified mechanisms for addressing and/or managing the influence of corporations on public health policy, research and practice, as well as examples of where these mechanisms have been adopted from across the globe.DesignWe conducted a scoping review. We conducted searches in five databases on 4 June 2019. Twenty-eight relevant institutions and networks were contacted to identify additional mechanisms and examples. In addition, we identified mechanisms and examples from our collective experience working on the influence of corporations on public health policy, research and practice.SettingWe identified mechanisms at the national, regional and global levels.ResultsThirty-one documents were included in our review. Eight were peer-reviewed scientific articles. Nine discussed mechanisms to address and/or manage the influence of different types of industries; while other documents targeted specific industries. In total, we identified 49 mechanisms for addressing and/or managing the influence of corporations on public health policy, research and practice, and 43 of these were adopted at the national, regional or global level. We identified four main types of mechanisms: transparency; management of interactions with industry and of conflicts of interest; identification, monitoring and education about the practices of corporations and associated risks to public health; prohibition of interactions with industry. Mechanisms for governments (n=17) and academia (n=13) were most frequently identified, with fewer for the media and civil society.ConclusionsWe identified several mechanisms that could help address and/or manage the negative influence of corporations on public health policy, research and practice. If adopted and evaluated more widely, many of the mechanisms described in this manuscript could contribute to efforts to prevent and control non-communicable diseases.Trial registration detailsThe protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework on 27 May 2019 (https://osf.io/xc2vp).
Prediction models for prostate cancer to be used in the primary care setting: a systematic review
Authors: Aladwani Mohammad , Lophatananon Artitaya , Ollier William , Muir Kenneth 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo identify risk prediction models for prostate cancer (PCa) that can be used in the primary care and community health settings.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMEDLINE and Embase databases combined from inception and up to the end of January 2019.EligibilityStudies were included based on satisfying all the following criteria: (i) presenting an evaluation of PCa risk at initial biopsy in patients with no history of PCa, (ii) studies not incorporating an invasive clinical assessment or expensive biomarker/genetic tests, (iii) inclusion of at least two variables with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) being one of them, and (iv) studies reporting a measure of predictive performance. The quality of the studies and risk of bias was assessed by using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST).Data extraction and synthesisRelevant information extracted for each model included: the year of publication, source of data, type of model, number of patients, country, age, PSA range, mean/median PSA, other variables included in the model, number of biopsy cores to assess outcomes, study endpoint(s), cancer detection, model validation and model performance.ResultsAn initial search yielded 109 potential studies, of which five met the set criteria. Four studies were cohort-based and one was a case-control study. PCa detection rate was between 20.6% and 55.8%. Area under the curve (AUC) was reported in four studies and ranged from 0.65 to 0.75. All models showed significant improvement in predicting PCa compared with being based on PSA alone. The difference in AUC between extended models and PSA alone was between 0.06 and 0.21.ConclusionOnly a few PCa risk prediction models have the potential to be readily used in the primary healthcare or community health setting. Further studies are needed to investigate other potential variables that could be integrated into models to improve their clinical utility for PCa testing in a community setting.
Quality of advertisements for prescription drugs in family practice medical journals published in Australia, Canada and the USA with different regulatory controls: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Diep Dion , Mosleh-Shirazi Abnoos , Lexchin Joel 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo assess if different forms of regulation lead to differences in the quality of journal advertisements.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsThirty advertisements from family practice journals published from 2013 to 2015 were extracted for three countries with distinct regulatory pharmaceutical promotion systems: Australia, Canada and the USA.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAdvertisements under each regulatory system were compared concerning three domains: information included in the advertisement, references to scientific evidence and pictorial appeals and portrayals. An overall ranking for advertisement quality among countries was determined using the first two domains as the information assessed has been associated with more appropriate prescribing.ResultsAdvertisements varied significantly for number of claims with quantitative benefit (Australia: 0.0 (0.0–3.0); Canada: 0.0 (0.0–5.0); USA: 1.0 (0.0–6.0); p=0.01); statistical method used in reporting benefit (relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction and number needed to treat; Australia: 6.7%, n=2; Canada: 10.0%, n=3; USA: 36.6%, n=11; p=0.02); mention of adverse effects, warnings or contraindications (Australia: 13.3%, n=4; Canada: 23.3%, n=7; USA: 53.3%, n=16; p=0.002); equal prominence between safety and benefit information (Australia: 25.0%, n=1; Canada: 28.6%, n=2; USA: 75.0%, n=12; p=0.04); and methodological quality of references score (Australia: 0.4150 (0.25–0.70); Canada: 0.25 (0.00–0.63); USA: 0.25 (0.00–0.75); p<0.001). The USA ranked first, Canada second and Australia third for overall quality of journal advertisements. Significant differences for humour appeals (Australia: 3.3%, n=1; Canada: 13.3%, n=4; USA: 26.7%, n=8; p=0.04), positive emotional appeals (Australia: 26.7%, n=8; Canada: 60.0%, n=18; USA: 50.0%, n=15; p=0.03), social approval portrayals (Australia: 0.0%, n=0; Canada: 0.0%, n=0; USA: 10.0%, n=3; p=0.04) and lifestyle or work portrayals (Australia: 43.3%, n=13; Canada: 50.0%, n=15; USA: 76.7%, n=23; p=0.02) were found among countries.ConclusionsDifferent regulatory systems influence journal advertisement quality concerning all measured domains. However, differences may also be attributed to other regulatory, legal, cultural or health system factors unique to each country.
Incremental yield of ECG screening repeated annually over 4 years in an adult Japanese population without prior atrial fibrillation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nagata Yoshiki , Yamagami Takashi , Nutbeam Don , Freedman Ben , Lowres Nicole 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesInternational guidelines recommend opportunistic screening for atrial fibrillation (AF); however, there is no current data to inform how often to repeat screening. We aimed to investigate the incremental annual yield and stroke risk of new AF cases in individuals screened annually over 4 years.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingHokuriku Health Service Association, Toyama prefecture, Japan.ParticipantsEmployees and their families receiving annual health examinations from Hokuriku Health Service Association.InterventionEach subject received an annual health examination (including 12-lead ECG) from 2014 to 2017. Only subjects with baseline ECGs in 2012 and/or 2013 were included.Main outcome measuresRates (cases/100 person-years) of new AF identified each year for 4 consecutive years of screening (stratified according to gender and age groups). Calculated stroke risk of new AF cases using modified CHA2DS2-VASc scores (without heart failure data) (CHA2DS2VASc = C: congestive heart failure [1 point]; H: hypertension [1 point]; A2: age 65-74 years [1 point] or age ≥75 years [2 points]; D: diabetes mellitus [1 point]; S: prior stroke or transient
ischemic attack [2
points]; VA: vascular disease [1 point]; and Sc: sex category [female] [1 point])ResultsIn 2014, 88 218 subjects had an ECG (46.8±12.5 years; 64% men): identifying 346 (0.39%) known AF and 69 (0.08%) new AF. The incidence rate of new AF increased with age from 0.01% (<50 years) to 0.98% (≥75 years) and was higher in men (0.1%) than women (0.05%). Repeated annual screening over 4 years identified a consistent new AF yield 0.06%–0.10% per year (0.33%–0.55% ≥65 years). Forty-two per cent of all new AF cases, and 76% of cases aged ≥65 years, had a class-1 oral anticoagulation (OAC) recommendation (modified CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 men, ≥3 women).ConclusionsRepeated annual ECG screening of the same population provides a consistent yield of new AF each year. The majority of new AF (≥65 years) are eligible for anticoagulation for stroke prevention. Although AF prevalence and incidence are lower in Japan than Western countries, 2318 new cases would be identified in Toyama prefecture each year with annual screening, of whom ~927 would have a high stroke risk with a recommendation for OAC therapy.