bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The large-scale meteorological condition during the critical stage of Mesoscale Convective Complexes (MCCs) over Indian Ocean
Authors: Trismidianto  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study analyzed the large-scale meteorological condition during Mesoscale Convective Complexes (MCCs) over the Indian Ocean. The MCCs were identified by infrared satellite imagery using an algorithm that combined information about cloud coverage, eccentricity, and the cloud lifetimes of MCCs. The data used were a combination of satellite data and reanalysis data, while the Brightness temperature (TBB) was obtained from the MTSAT IR1 satellite data. The results of this study showed that, in general, the initial stage of the MCC was characterized by strong low-level convergence and vertical convection, and largely driven by the convergence of the moisture flux in the lower troposphere. The mature stage of the MCC was characterized by weak surface convergence, strong upper-level divergence, and a shortwave ridge in the mid- and upper levels. Where there was strong surface divergence, the decay and dissipation stages were very similar, and the surface convergence left the system. The movement of most MCCs resulted from the combined contributions of advection and the propagation of surface convergence. Results from this research showed that these large convective systems tended to be formed in the vicinity of the terminus of a low-level jet that transported moist and warm air to the originating regions of the MCCs. Shortwave troughs and baroclinic zones were associated with MCC development.
Analysis of coastal vegetation density changes of Langkat Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Zaitunah A , Thoha A S , Samsuri  , Siregar K S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Coastal is a dynamic area which is changing rapidly in response to natural processes and human activities. The significant increase in population and development activities around the coast of Langkat Regency have caused changes in land cover and vegetation density. This research was done by overlaying spatial data occurred from 2006 to 2016 to obtain land cover change data, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values, and to find out vegetation density in the coastal area of Langkat Regency. The research found that the highest area in the coastal of Langkat in year 2006 was under very dense class with 37.38%. In 2016, the highest area covering coastal of Langkat was Dense class with 38.21%. The decrease area found from very dense class to dense class for 34.06%. This research is expected to provide information as a consideration in the effort of coastal management of Langkat Regency.
The evaluation of Agathis wood from densification process to the resistance of Trametes versicolor fungi
Authors: Baharudin  , Yunianti A D , Taskirawati I , Agussalim  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Most species of wood from community forests have low quality compared to wood from natural forests because it is generally cut down in young years so that it has a high portion of juvenile wood and low durability. One process of improving wood quality is the densification process. The purpose of this research is to determine the resistance to Trametes versicolor fungi from densified wood with initial treatment of soaking on CH3COOH and H2O2 20% solution, borax 3%, and distilled water. Agathis wood boards made of 23 cm x 20 cm x 2.5 cm were densified with a target of 30% thickness reduction, at a temperature of 150 °C for 15 minutes. After the densification process, the test samples were measured and calculated for density and recovery of a set and tested for MOE and MOR and resistance to T.versicolor fungi. The results showed that the three types of treatment, soaking with CH3COOH and H2O2, had a very high weight loss. This situation did not only attack from T.versicolor but also degradation of wood by CH3COOH and H2O2. Th immersion with borax and distilled water only experienced very little weight loss. It shows that T.versicolor fungi less favors the densified Agathis wood.
Decrease in water level by rooter technology one-way system on flood-prone land in Sunggal District, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Utomo B , Ramadhan F , Dalimunthe A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rooter system technology is a technology used to accommodate and absorb water into the soil through pipes that are designed like tree roots where the pipe is planted into the ground as deep as two meters with a slope of 45 degrees. Rainwater is collected and absorbed into the soil. Rooter technology system only holds rainwater, it does not waste water. System rooter technology is a well or hole on the ground surface which is made to hold rainwater so that it can seep into the soil. This study aims to control flooding in flood-prone areas using one-way rooter technology with an environmentally friendly concept. This research was conducted from 1 January 2018 to 28 February 2018 by observing directly in the field. Observations carried out included analysis of the study site, the water level at the study site, area of land affected by flooding, length of time, the soil absorbed, water level which did not use one-way rooter system technology. The volume of water that entered the soil was calculated using both rooter system technology and land that does not consume system rooter technology. The results of this study indicated that by using rooter technology a one-way water system is faster to enter the ground and can overcome flooding on the land.
Evaluation of two-year mangrove rehabilitation using Rhizophora apiculata propagules in Lubuk Kertang Village, North Sumatra
Authors: Basyuni M , Al Habib A , Slamet B , Sulistiyono N , Hayati R , Putri L A P , Yusraini E , Lesmana I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mangrove forests in North Sumatera are rapidly threatened due to anthropogenic activities. The study site was former oil palm plantation, and the areas can be reforested. The present study describes a two-year evaluation on mangrove seedlings in Lubuk Kertang Village, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The rehabilitation was carried out on December 2015 using direct planting of 6,000 Rhizophora apiculata propagules which were evaluated twice in September 2017 and January 2018. The evaluation was divided into four plots consisting of hundred seedlings each, and the criteria of mangrove rehabilitation consisted of seedling diameter and height, leaf thickness and number, and seedling growth rate. Results showed that the growth rate for a two-year evaluation of first and second observation was 89 and 92 %, respectively. Similarly, the height, diameter, and some leaves seedlings planting showed better performance in the second measurement. The data are likely to confirm relevant information on successful rehabilitation using recommended species for degraded areas and availability of mangrove propagules in the area.
Analysis of biomass and carbon potential on eucalyptus stand in industrial plantation forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Muhdi  , Sahar A , Hanafiah D S , Zaitunah A , Nababan F W B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Forests degradation causes forestry businesses to be economically less profitable than other agribusiness commodities, thus triggering the policies of governments that plan to convert natural forests to other uses, such as industrial forest plantations. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of biomass and carbon stores in eucalyptus stands in industrial plantation forests, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This research was carried out in Industrial Plantation Forest of Toba Pulp Lestari Areas, Toba Samosir, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Analysis of carbon content was carried out at the Laboratory of Chemical Products of Forest, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. Preparation of research permanent sample plots (PSP) was carried out using the nesting plot method. The research permanent sample plot (PSP) made was three plots. Analysis of biomass and carbon was done by the destructive method felling of sample trees and measuring their diameter, length, and wet weight. To find out the eucalyptus carbon content, we took the samples from each part of the plant and tested in a laboratory. The results showed that the average carbon content of Eucalyptus stands on the main stem was 34.66%, in the branch was 25.75%, and in the leaf was 22.46%, respectively. This research found that the selected allometric equations for estimating the carbon stock of eucalyptus stands was W = -174.670 + 0.347D2 + 8.180H and C = -55.668 + 0.085D2 + 2.947H (W=biomass; C=carbon; D= diameter at breast height; H=height). This research indicated that the carbon potential of eucalyptus stands was 71.05 tons/ha and 26.23 tons C/ha.
In vitro cytotoxicity of Alstonia scholaris (R.Br) bark on Vero and HeLa cell lines
Authors: Zuraida  , Mariya S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Alstonia scholaris R.Br is one of forest plants that have medicinal properties used to treat various diseases. This study aimed to determine the activity of in vitro cytotoxicity of Alstonia scholaris bark against HeLa and Vero cells. Alstonia scholaris bark was macerated with 70% ethanol and fractionated using n-hexane and chloroform to obtain n-hexane, chloroform, and ethanol fraction. All three fractions were tested using MTT assay against HeLa (cervix cancer) and Vero (normal) cells. The results showed that chloroform fraction was the most toxic to HeLa cells with IC50 (125.06 μg/mL) and followed by ethanol fraction (200.07 μg/mL), and n-hexane fractions (238.47 μg mL) respectively. On the other hand, ethanol fraction was the least toxic to Vero cell growth with IC50 (579.93 μg/mL), followed by n-hexane fraction (459.47 μg/mL), and chloroform fraction was the most toxic (396.24 μg/mL). It was suggested that ethanol fraction was the best fraction because it had the least toxicity to a normal cell, but still had toxicity to HeLa cell.
The Role First-Day Readings Play in a 3-Day Schedule of Self-Monitoring Home Blood Pressure Based on Prognostic Data. VAMPAHICA Study
Authors: Bayó Joan , Dalfó Antoni , Barceló Maria A , Saez Marc , Roca Carme , Pallozzi Julia , Coll-De-Tuero Gabriel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The optimal schedule for self-monitoring home BP (SMHBP) readings is enormously important in the diagnosis of different phenotypes related to hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic capacity of a 3-day SMHBP schedule when using or suppressing the first-day measurements in compiling the results.

METHODS
A total of 767 newly diagnosed, nontreated patients with no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were followed for 6.2 years. As a baseline, office BP measurements were taken for all the patients who then went on to follow a 3-day SMHBP schedule, taking 2 readings in the morning and 2 in the evening. The prognostic calculation was performed with CVD variables. The prognostic capacity of the 3-day schedule was evaluated with and without the first-day readings (12 and 8 readings).

RESULTS
A total of 223 normotensive subjects (NT), 271 subjects with sustained hypertension (SHT), and 184 white-coat hypertensive subjects (WCH) were followed. The distribution of 98 (14.4%) nonfatal CV events during the follow-up was as follows: WCH 21 (11.4%), NT 9 (4.0%), and SHT 68 (25.1%). No statistically significant differences were observed in the risk of CV events (OR) for the 2 groups of hypertensives, irrespective of the schedule of readings used (SHT with vs. without first-day readings: 8.81 (4.28–18.15) vs. 8.61 (4.15–17.85) and WCH with vs. without first-day readings: 2.71(1.13–6.47) vs. 3.40 (1.49–7.78)).

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings show that first-day readings do not need to be discarded in order to calculate the final value of an SMHBP schedule.
Staminal features in Barnadesioideae (Asteraceae): description, evolution and function
Authors: Svoma Erika , Mayer Veronika , Stuessy Tod F , Urtubey Estrella 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Morphological features of the heads (capitula) of Asteraceae have been used extensively in classification of the family at different levels of the taxonomic hierarchy. Among the various characters, features of stamens have been employed to determine relationships from specific to tribal levels, including size, shape, colour, cell size and shape of the thecae, downwards extensions from the thecae (spurs or tails), the apex and base of the connective between the thecae, the antheropodium that joins the connective to the filament and the filament itself. We investigate variation in these staminal features in 88 species of ten genera of Asteraceae subfamily Barnadesioideae, the sister group of the rest of the family. A new morphological categorization of antheropodia and anther bases is presented, features that show the widest ranges of variation in the subfamily. Other characters, such as apices of the connectives and fusion of filaments, are less variable. Six staminal characters are optimized on a molecular phylogenetic tree for Barnadesioideae. Putative plesiomorphies for the ancestor of the subfamily are hypothesized to be entire apices of the connectives, antheropodia shorter than the basal appendages and filaments free and glabrous. The ancestral conditions for pollen sac extension and for attachment of anthers on the corolla tube are equivocal. Hypotheses are offered on the possible adaptive function of staminal features, such that antheropodia seem significant in structural support of the thecal tube and that spurs and tails may function in protecting the basal portion of the thecae from insect probing.
How does a C3 epiphytic tank bromeliad respond to drought?
Authors: Gobara Bruno Nobuya Katayama , Alves Frederico Rocha Rodrigues , Pikart Filipe Christian , Gonçalves Ana Zangirolame , Santos Deborah Yara Alves Cursino Dos , Pinna Gladys Flávia De Albuquerque Melo De , Mercier Helenice 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Intermittent water availability characterizes the canopy habitat, but few studies have focused on how C3 epiphytic bromeliads deal with drought. In this context, we investigated how water deficits affect the photosynthetic responses of the epiphytic bromeliad Vriesea gigantea regarding its physiological and anatomical traits that can minimize the effects of stomatal closure. In a controlled experiment in which bromeliads were submitted to 21 days of drought, we demonstrated a reduction in the leaf water content followed by strong reductions in net CO2 exchange and the efficiency of the photochemical system. However, there were increases in the yield of non-photochemical quenching and the activities of hydrophilic antioxidants. We observed substomatal chambers connected with air channels reaching the chlorophyllous parenchyma. Our findings indicate that the low net CO2 exchange and the energy imbalance possibly increased the cyclic transport of electrons and activated the thermal dissipation of energy to avoid damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Additionally, the aeration channels may passively store CO2 to facilitate its re-assimilation. Because most epiphytic bromeliads are C3 plants and drought is frequent in the canopy, we speculate that some attributes of V. gigantea may occur in other C3 species, favouring their radiation in the epiphytic environment.
Neural effects of elevated CO2 in fish may be amplified by a vicious cycle
Authors: Schunter Celia , Ravasi Timothy , Munday Philip L , Nilsson Göran E 
Published: November 2019

Lay summaries:
The altered behaviours of fish exposed to elevated CO2 have been linked to changes in ion gradients and neurotransmitter function. To explain how relatively small changes in ion concentrations could have such profound neural effects, we propose that a vicious cycle can be triggered that amplifies the initial disturbance.
Competitive Preferences and Ethnicity: Experimental Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Siddique Abu , Vlassopoulos Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We investigate whether aversion to competing against members of the ethnically dominant group could be a contributing factor to the persistent disadvantageous socioeconomic position of ethnic minorities. We conducted a lab-in-the-field experiment in rural Bangladesh, randomly assigning participants into groups with different ethnic composition. We find that the ethnic minority group (Santal) are less likely to compete in groups where they are a numerical minority than when all competitors are co-ethnic, whereas the reverse is true for the ethnic majority group (Bengali). Further analysis suggests that differences in social power and status underpin these differences in preferences for interethnic competition.
The efficacy and safety of prophylactic corticosteroids for the prevention of adverse outcomes in patients undergoing heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ng Ka Ting , Van Paassen Judith , Langan Clare , Sarode Deep Pramod , Arbous M Sesmu , Alston R Peter , Dekkers Olaf M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Corticosteroids are often administered prophylactically to attenuate the inflammatory response associated with cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, the efficacy and safety profile of corticosteroids remain uncertain. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of corticosteroids on mortality in adult cardiac surgery using CPB. Secondary aims were to examine the effect of corticosteroids on myocardial adverse events, pulmonary adverse events, atrial fibrillation, surgical site infection, gastrointestinal bleeding and duration of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were systematically searched in electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Web of Science) from their inception until March 2019. Observational studies, case reports, case series and literature reviews were excluded. Sixty-two studies (n = 16 457 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in mortality between the corticosteroid and placebo groups [odds ratio (OR) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81–1.14; P = 0.65, participants = 14 693, studies = 24, evidence of certainty: moderate]. Compared to those receiving a placebo, patients who were given corticosteroids had a significantly higher incidence of myocardial adverse events (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03–1.33; P = 0.01, participants = 14 512, studies = 23) and a lower incidence of pulmonary adverse events (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75–0.98; P = 0.02, participants = 13 426, studies = 17). The incidences of atrial fibrillation (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81–0.94; P &lt; 0.001, participants = 14 148, studies = 24) and surgical site infection (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73–0.90; P &lt; 0.001, participants = 13 946; studies = 22) were all lower in patients who were given corticosteroids. In the present meta-analysis of 62 RCTs (16 457 patients), including the 2 major RCTs (SIRS and DECS trials: 12 001 patients), we found that prophylactic corticosteroids in cardiac surgery did not reduce mortality. The clinical significance of an increase in myocardial adverse events remains unclear as the definition of a relevant myocardial end point following cardiac surgery varied greatly between RCTs.
The Other Student Debt Crisis: How Borrowing to Pay for a Child’s College Education Relates to Parents’ Mental Health at Midlife
Authors: Walsemann Katrina M , Ailshire Jennifer A , Hartnett Caroline Sten 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
More parents are borrowing to help their children pay for college. These loans may be a source of financial stress and worry, which could influence parents’ mental health. We determine whether child-related educational debt is associated with worse mental health among parents and if fathers are more sensitive to this debt than mothers, given potential gender differences in financial decision-making and relationships with adult children.

Method
Data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, a nationally representative sample of persons born between 1957 and 1964. We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Short Form-12 Mental Health Component Score to assess mental health. We restricted our sample to parents who had at least one biological child attend college and who were interviewed at age 50, when mental health was assessed (n = 3,545).

Results
Among fathers, having any child-related educational debt versus none was associated with fewer depressive symptoms, but having greater amounts of child-related educational debt was associated with more depressive symptoms and worse mental health. No relationship was found for mothers.

Discussion
Our findings indicate that the student debt crisis may also have mental health implications for aging parents, particularly for fathers.
Persons With a Migration Background Caring for a Family Member With Dementia: Challenges to Shared Care
Authors: Ahmad Menal , van den Broeke Jennifer , Saharso Sawitri , Tonkens Evelien 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBy shedding light on the reasons why persons with a migration background (PwM) may take up the role of family caregiver of a person with dementia, and how this relates to gender norms, we aim to elucidate cultural and social dynamics that impede care sharing.Research Design and MethodsA qualitative study of 12 PwM who provide care, or have recently provided care, for a family member with dementia was conducted through semi-structured interviews. Identified themes and patterns were analyzed with the help of Hochschild’s interpretive framework of framing and feeling rules.FindingsOur findings illuminate how motivations to provide care are framed through two moral framing rules, reciprocal love and filial responsibility, and how these framing rules are accompanied by the feeling rule of moral superiority over non-caregiving family members. We show how shared dementia care is impeded though these moral framing and feeling rules, and how gender norms impact on an unequal distribution of care-tasks.ImplicationsHealthcare practitioners should identify the moral dialectics of caregiving. This means that, on the one hand, they should be aware that moral framing rules may pressure women into exclusive caregiving, and that this can lead to health problems in the long term. On the other, healthcare practitioners should recognize that providing care can create a deep sense of pride and moral superiority. Therefore, showing acknowledgement of the caregiver contribution is a crucial step in creating trust between the caregiver and healthcare practitioner. Furthermore, asking for support should be normalized. Governmental advertisements on care–support can achieve this.