bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An international multi-center serum protein electrophoresis accuracy and M-protein isotyping study. Part II: limit of detection and follow-up of patients with small M-proteins
Authors: Jacobs Joannes F.M. , Turner Katherine A. , Graziani Maria Stella , Frinack Jody L. , Ettore Michael W. , Tate Jillian R. , Booth Ronald A. , McCudden Christopher R. , Keren David F. , Delgado Julio C. , Zemtsovskaja Galina , Fullinfaw Robert O. , Caldini Anna , de Malmanche Theo , Katakouzinos Katina , Burke Matthew , Palladini Giovanni , Altinier Sara , Zaninotto Martina , Righetti Gabriella , Melki Marie Therese , Bell Stephen , Willrich Maria Alice Vieira 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Electrophoretic methods to detect, characterize and quantify M-proteins play an important role in the management of patients with monoclonal gammopathies (MGs). Significant uncertainty in the quantification and limit of detection (LOD) is documented when M-proteins are <10 g/L. Using spiked sera, we aimed to assess the variability in intact M-protein quantification and LOD across 16 laboratories.

Methods
Sera with normal, hypo- or hyper-gammaglobulinemia were spiked with daratumumab or elotuzumab, with concentrations from 0.125 to 10 g/L (n = 62) along with a beta-migrating sample (n = 9). Laboratories blindly analyzed samples according to their serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)/isotyping standard operating procedures. LOD and intra-laboratory percent coefficient of variation (%CV) were calculated and further specified with regard to the method (gel/capillary electrophoresis [CZE]), gating strategy (perpendicular drop [PD]/tangent skimming [TS]), isotyping (immunofixation/immunosubtraction [ISUB]) and manufacturer (Helena/Sebia).

Results
All M-proteins ≥1 g/L were detected by SPEP. With isotyping the LOD was moderately more sensitive than with SPEP. The intensity of polyclonal background had the biggest negative impact on LOD. Independent of the method used, the intra-laboratory imprecision of M-protein quantification was small (mean CV = 5.0%). Low M-protein concentration and high polyclonal background had the strongest negative impact on intra-laboratory precision. All laboratories were able to follow trend of M-protein concentrations down to 1 g/L.

Conclusions
In this study, we describe a large variation in the reported LOD for both SPEP and isotyping; overall LOD is most affected by the polyclonal immunoglobulin background. Satisfactory intra-laboratory precision was demonstrated. This indicates that the quantification of small M-proteins to monitor patients over time is appropriate, when subsequent testing is performed within the same laboratory.
Error Analysis of a Finite Difference Method on Graded Meshes for a Multiterm Time-Fractional Initial-Boundary Value Problem
Authors: Huang Chaobao , Liu Xiaohui , Meng Xiangyun , Stynes Martin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An initial-boundary value problem, whose differential equation contains a sum of fractional time derivatives with orders between 0 and 1, is considered.
Its spatial domain is

(
0
,
1
)

d

{(0,1)^{d}}

for some

d
∈

{
1
,
2
,
3
}

{d\in\{1,2,3\}}

.
This problem is a generalisation of the problem considered by Stynes, O’Riordan and Gracia in SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 55 (2017), pp. 1057–1079, where

d
=
1

{d=1}

and only one fractional time derivative was present.
A priori bounds on the derivatives of the unknown solution are derived.
A finite difference method, using the well-known L1 scheme for the discretisation of each temporal fractional derivative and classical finite differences for the spatial discretisation, is constructed on a mesh that is uniform in space and arbitrarily graded in time.
Stability and consistency of the method and a sharp convergence result are proved; hence it is clear how to choose the temporal mesh grading in a optimal way.
Numerical results supporting our theoretical results are provided.
Evaluation of habituation to visual evoked potentials using pattern reversal among migraine individuals – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Susvirkar Ashish Anand , Velusami Deepika , Srinivasan Nithiyasree 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Migraine is a multifaceted chronic disease with common ocular symptoms. Habituation is the decremental response on repeated stimulations. The literature review indicates controversial results regarding habituation in migraine individuals. The present study aimed to compare the habituation response using visual evoked potential (VEP) measures among migraine and control subjects.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study performed among migraine individuals attending the Department of Medicine and Neurology, of the age group of 18–30 years at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry. Habituation was evaluated in the two groups, control (n = 40) and migraine (n = 40), using pattern reversal VEP. The recording was done for 15-min duration and divided into four blocks of 3.8 min each. The results were compared employing Student t-test, and p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results
Our study indicates that latency N75, N145, and P100 amplitude showed significant differences between the two groups. In the right eye, on comparing the first and fourth block P100 amplitude in the migraine group, a significant increase (p < 0.001) was observed in the fourth block. Similarly, in the left eye, the control group showed a significant decrease in the fourth block (p = 0.002), whereas the migraine group showed a significant increase (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The present study concludes that migraine individuals report deficient habituation, evaluated using pattern reversal VEP.
Semi-supervised Classification Based Mixed Sampling for Imbalanced Data
Authors: Zhao Jianhua , Liu Ning 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In practical application, there are a large amount of imbalanced data containing only a small number of labeled data. In order to improve the classification performance of this kind of problem, this paper proposes a semi-supervised learning algorithm based on mixed sampling for imbalanced data classification (S2MAID), which combines semi-supervised learning, over sampling, under sampling and ensemble learning. Firstly, a kind of under sampling algorithm UD-density is provided to select samples with high information content from majority class set for semi-supervised learning. Secondly, a safe supervised-learning method is used to mark unlabeled sample and expand the labeled sample. Thirdly, a kind of over sampling algorithm SMOTE-density is provided to make the imbalanced data set become balance set. Fourthly, an ensemble technology is used to generate a strong classifier. Finally, the experiment is carried out on imbalanced data with containing only a few labeled samples, and semi-supervised learning process is simulated. The proposed S2MAID is verified and the experimental result shows that the proposed S2MAID has a better classification performance.
Estimation of sand water content using GPR combined time-frequency analysis in the Ordos Basin, China
Authors: YongShuai Yan , Yajing Yan , Guizhang Zhao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Groundwater is the key factor of determining the growth of vegetation. Identifying the characteristics of groundwater is an important basis to formulate a management plan for water resources and develop the technology of controlling desertification in arid areas scientifically. It is also important to the environmental protection in China. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) signals produce a special response to the changes in water content during propagation, thus it is essential to study the propagation of electromagnetic pulse in aeolian sand with different water content. The GPR tests of aeolian sand samples with different water content were conducted by a GPR system, dielectric constant meter, and conductivity meter. The temporal and frequency spectral characteristics of electromagnetic signals measured from aeolian sand samples were analyzed. The results show that the dielectric constant and conductivity of aeolian sand increase nonlinearly as the water content increases, and the attenuation coefficient of electromagnetic pulses increases parabolically. Meanwhile, the temporal waveform fluctuates significantly at the boundary of different media, and its two-way travel time increases nonlinearly as the water content increases, the pulse velocity decreases nonlinearly. Furthermore, the peak frequency of the spectrum for a signal propagating through aeolian sand decreases as the water content increases. The peak frequency is concentrated in the 1000 to 1400 MHz range, but the shape and bandwidth of the spectrum are less affected by water content. The above-mentioned correlations can provide a water content estimation of aeolian sand with direct value to the local authorities which are involved in the decision-making process for effective water management in arid and semi-arid area.
An investigation on electro-induced shape memory performances of CE/EP/CB/SCF composites applied for deployable structure
Authors: Ren Tianning , Zhu Guangming , Liu Yi , Hou Xiao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The objective of this work is to investigate the thermomechanical, electrical, and shape-memory properties of bisphenol A-type cyanate ester (BACE)/polybutadiene epoxy (PBEP)/carbon black (CB) composite and assess its feasibility applied for deployable structure. Using a BACE/PBEP polymer as matrix and superconducting carbon black (CB) and short carbon fibers (SCFs) as reinforcing material, the shape memory composite was prepared by compression molding. The effects of CB and SCF content on the shape memory properties of the composites were investigated. The results demonstrate that the glass transition temperature (T
g) and the storage modulus of the composites increases as SCFs content increase. Because of the synergic effect of CB and SCFs, the shape memory composites exhibit excellent shape memory performance, and the shape recovery ratio is about 100%. With the increase in SCF content, the recovery time decreased, and the volume electrical resistivity of the composite could decrease by adding a small amount of SCFs. According to the above results, a shape memory polymer composite deployable structure was prepared.
On the relation between length functions and exact Sylvester rank functions
Authors: Virili Simone 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInspired by the work of Crawley-Boevey on additive functions in locally finitely presented Grothendieck categories, we describe a natural way to extend a given exact Sylvester rank function on the category of finitely presented left modules over a given ring R, to the category of all left R-modules.
Michelson Interferometric Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Sensor Based on NH2-rGO Sensitive Film
Authors: Liu Shaodian , Yang Xiaozhan , Feng Wenlin , Chen Hongliang , Tao Yu , Jiang Yi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A highly sensitive hydrogen sulfide gas sensor based on NH2-rGO-coated thin-core-fibre (TCF) Michelson interferometer (MI) is proposed and evaluated. Two sections of TCFs are alternately sandwiched between three single-mode-fibres (SMFs). A Faraday rotator mirror (FRM) is fixed to the end of the last SMF to reflect the light signal and enhance the interference. Then the structure SMF-TCF-SMF-TCF-SMF-FRM (STSTS-F) is successfully constructed. NH2-rGO, as sensing film, is coated on two TCFs and is used to detect traces of hydrogen sulfide gas. Raman spectra and XPS analysis show that NH2-rGO has been successfully synthesised. The thickness of the NH2-rGO film coated on the TCF surface is about 500 nm. By introducing 0–60 ppm hydrogen sulfide gas into the chamber, with the increase in concentration of the gas, the monitoring trough exhibits a blue shift. Our experimental results show that the sensor has good linearity (R
2 = 0.98096) and selectivity for hydrogen sulfide gas. The sensitivity is 21.3 pm/ppm, and the response and recovery times are about 72 and 90 s, respectively. The sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, high selectivity, and small size, enabling the detection of trace hydrogen sulfide in toxic gas environments.
Information-Limiting Correlations in Large Neural Populations
Authors: Bartolo Ramon , Saunders Richard C. , Mitz Andrew R. , Averbeck Bruno B. 
Published: January 2020

Understanding the neural code requires understanding how populations of neurons code information. Theoretical models predict that information may be limited by correlated noise in large neural populations. Nevertheless, analyses based on tens of neurons have failed to find evidence of saturation. Moreover, some studies have shown that noise correlations can be very small, and therefore may not affect information coding. To determine whether information-limiting correlations exist, we implanted eight Utah arrays in prefrontal cortex (PFC; area 46) of two male macaque monkeys, recording >500 neurons simultaneously. We estimated information in PFC about saccades as a function of ensemble size. Noise correlations were, on average, small (∼10−3). However, information scaled strongly sublinearly with ensemble size. After shuffling trials, destroying noise correlations, information was a linear function of ensemble size. Thus, we provide evidence for the existence of information-limiting noise correlations in large populations of PFC neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent theoretical work has shown that even small correlations can limit information if they are “differential correlations,” which are difficult to measure directly. However, they can be detected through decoding analyses on recordings from a large number of neurons over a large number of trials. We have achieved both by collecting neural activity in dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex of macaques using eight microelectrode arrays (768 electrodes), from which we were able to compute accurate information estimates. We show, for the first time, strong evidence for information-limiting correlations. Despite pairwise correlations being small (on the order of 10−3), they affect information coding in populations on the order of 100 s of neurons.
Lógica, ordem e sistemas implicativos
Authors: Lázaro Cristiane Alexandra , Feitosa Hércules de Araujo , Soares Marcelo Reicher 
Published: January 2020

Neste artigo, tratamos de três tópicos básicos para o entendimento de uma noção de razão, a saber, relação de consequência, relação de ordem e sistema formal. A partir de uma caracterização de sistema formal, definimos as duas relações mencionadas. Destacamos uma inter-relação entre consequência e ordem. Então, apresentamos outros sistemas formais que consideram especificamente um conceito de implicação, dado pelas álgebras implicativas e pela lógica implicativa. Esta lógica implicativa, que tem como modelo as álgebras implicativas, apresenta apenas um operador, o de implicação; e este conceito de implicação, mais uma vez, remete para as noções de consequência e ordem. Por fim, a partir da caracterização de consequência que está no texto, introduzimos um modelo algébrico para esta lógica implicativa
Dos Defensas del Impurismo Epistémico
Authors: Ruivo José Leonardo Annunziato 
Published: January 2020

Una de las bases de la tradición epistémica es la idea de que intereses prácticos no se relacionan con las condiciones de verdad de las sentencias de atribución de conocimiento. Nombraremos a esta idea de purismo; e impurismoa la tesis de que factores prácticos son constitutivos de las condiciones de verdad de las sentencias de atribución de conocimiento. En la primer parte discutiremos la propuesta impurista de Heather Douglas, que utiliza la noción de “riesgo inductivo”. Para eso, aclararemos lo que es el riesgo inductivo, argumentando como eso requiere la idea de que factores prácticos influencian la justificación epistémica. En la segunda parte discutiremos la defensa de los principios impuristas de “infiltración pragmática”, queson: (a) si un sujeto conoce una proposición, entonces esa proposición está apta a figurar como razón práctica a ese sujeto; (b) conocimiento varía de acuerdo con factores prácticos. Al final trazaremos algunas conclusiones sobre como las dos tesis impuristas se relacionan.
Credit decision-making and information requirements
Authors: Cancino Susan , Cancino Escalante Giovanni 
Published: January 2020

The world economy experienced a systemic financial crisis that resulted from a period of excessive borrowing and lending. The purpose of the research was to understand the credit decision-making process and the information requirements by banks. A survey was conducted among twenty-two Brazilian credit establishments and results showed that the perceived importance and actual frequency of use of resources such as audited accounts, banker´s internal records and loan experience were similar and security was an important issue for small businesses due to the problem of information asymmetry.
Keywords: Credit decision-making, information asymmetry, large and small companies
JEL: G21-Banks, F65-Finance, G2-Financial Institutions and Service
Численное моделирование трехбарьерных резонансно-туннельных диодов на основе графена
Authors: Абрамов И. И. , Коломейцева Н. В. , Лабунов В. А. , Романова И. А. , Щербакова И. Ю. 
Published: January 2020

Описана разработанная комбинированная численная самосогласованная модель для расчета электрических характеристик многобарьерных наноструктур на основе двухслойного графена. С ее использованием рассчитаны вольт-амперные характеристики (ВАХ) трех-, четырех- и пятибарьерных резонансно-туннельных диодов (РТД) на основе графена на подложке диоксида кремния (SiO2). Исследова- но влияние ширин барьеров и квантовых ям на ВАХ трехбарьерных РТД на основе графена на подложке SiO2. Рассмотрены структуры с симметричными барьерами и ямами. Установлено, что увеличение ширин квантовых ям приводит к существенному уменьшению плотностей пиковых токов и токов долины, а увеличение ширин потен- циальных барьеров приводит к незначительному уменьшению плот- ности тока первого пика, а также к увеличению плотностей токов второго пика и долины.Рассчитаны также зависимости плотностей токов от напряжений для РТД с четырьмя и пятью барьерами на основе гексагонального нитрида бора (h-BN) и диоксида кремния (SiO2) и квантовыми ямами на основе двухслойного графена. Проведено сравнение ВАХ исследованных РТД. Абрамов И. И., Коломейцева Н. В., Лабунов В. А., Романова И. А., Щербакова И. Ю. Численное моделирование трехбарьерных резо- нансно-туннельных диодов на основе графена. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2019;3(4):343–355. DOI: 10.15826/urej.2019.3.4.001
Thermodynamic aspects of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> reduction by carbon
Authors: Kryukov R. E. , Goryushkin V. F. , Bendre Yu. V. , Bashchenko L. P. , Kozyrev N. A. 
Published: January 2020

In order to save resources of chromium, technology of flux-cored wire surfacing is of great practical interest. In this case Cr2O3 chromium oxide and carbon as a reducing agent are used as fillers. Thermodynamic assessment of probability of 16 reactions between them under standard conditions and for certain reactions under conditions different from standard was carried out using tabulated thermodynamic data of reactants in temperature range of 1500 – 3500 K. The following states were considered as standard states for reactants: Cr(ref) (reference state, melting point 2130 K, boiling point 2952 K), Cr(liq), Cr(gas), Cr2O3 (cr, liq), Cr2O3 (gas), C(ref), and as possible reaction products and standard states for them CO(gas), CO2 (gas), Cr23C6 (сr), Cr7C3 (cr), Cr3C2 (cr). Probability of reactions was estimated using standard Gibbs energy and the Gibbs energy calculated using the Van Goff isotherm equation. Dissolution of chromium in metal of surfacing bath or probable partial pressures of CO and CO2 in gas phase was taken into account and was calculated from equilibrium of carbon gasification reaction. Presence of carbon in flux-cored wire with chromium oxide Cr2O3 as a reducing agent will necessarily lead to occurrence of reduction reactions with generation of chromium carbides, and possibly chromium itself. Generation of Cr7C3 (сr) carbide is likely. With longer life time of chromium oxide and carbon at a temperature above 2500 K, generation of chromium as a component of the surfacing bath is more thermodynamically probable than generation of its carbides. Chromium oxide has the highest reactivity in Cr2O3 (liq) state. Direct reduction is preferential. Generation of CO(gas) as a product of carbon oxidation is more probable. Dissolution of chromium in metal increases thermodynamic probability of reactions with its generation and further reduces probability of reactions in which chromium is the starting material.
Ethnic Processes in Karelia in the Post-Soviet Period (Implementation Features of Ethnic and National Policy)
Authors: Strogalschikova Zinaida 
Published: January 2020

The paper presents ethnic and cultural development of Karelians, Finns and Vepsians of Karelia in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods against political background, including relations with Finland and the internal political situation in the USSR/ Russia and Karelia. The paper shows that the Karelian and Vepsian communities of 1990s were the main initiator and actor of all activities to revive their languages and cultures.
DARI IMIGRASI MENUJU INTEGRASI: PERANAN ETNIS JAWA DALAM POLITIK DI SURINAME (1991- 2015)
Authors: Rahmat Acep , Supriatna Nana , Kamsori Moch Eryk 
Published: January 2020

This bachelor thesis titled “The political role of Javanese Ethnic in Suriname (1991- 2015), the main issues raised in this research is “How was the political role of Javanese ethnic in Suriname 1991- 2015?”. The main problem in this thesis divided into four questions, namely: (1) Why did Javanese Ethnic interested in Suriname’s politics? (2) How was the political development in Suriname in 1991- 2015? (3) How was the contribution of Javanese ethnic in Suriname in 1991-2015? (4) How was the impact of the political role of Javanese ethnic in Suriname in 1991- 2015? (3). That four questions become the basic and the main problem in this research. This research uses the historical method includes the four steps in it, such as heuristic, critic, interpretations and historiography. Meanwhile, the data collection techniques that used in this research is literature studies, by examining the sources that relevant with the problems in this research. The approach in this research using interdisciplinary approaches by using the concept of politics, anthropology and sociology. The politics concepts that used is political party and government. The concept used from anthropology is ethnic, and the concepts from sociology is social mobility and adaptation theory. The main content of this research is the role of Javanese ethnic as newcomers in politics in Suriname. This research explains that the existence of discrimination policy by the Suriname’s special autonomy government against Javanese Ethnic who were reputed as the newcomers that made them joined politics in Suriname by establishing Javanese parties, entering the government and parliament, so that giving the impact for the Javanese ethnic on the modern era, there are many important political figures in Suriname who served as the head of parliament, prime minister and the candidate of Suriname’s president.