bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure characterization within the vicinity of the fine granular area by synchrotron radiation nano‐CT
Authors: Liu Long , Hou Nan , Li Bochuan , Ma Bo , Hu Songqing , Ding Ning 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe three‐dimensional (3D) microstructures within the vicinity of the fine granular area (FGA) were investigated with synchrotron radiation nano‐computed tomography (CT). In this investigation, the very high cycle fatigue test of a high‐strength steel was carried out with an ultrasonic fatigue testing machine. Then, focused ion beam cutting was used to cut a part near the surface of the FGA. Finally, the 3D structure of the sample was obtained with the nano‐CT imaging. The results indicated that the base material was composed of various subgrains that are tens to hundreds nanometres in size. Through analysis of the slices, small granular areas consist of several subgrains. The statistical analysis of the subgrain size indicated that the subgrain size near the surface of the FGA is similar to that far from the surface of the FGA and near the fracture surface except the FGA. It indicated that the refinement has not been found by nano‐CT.
Role of magnesium in the risk of intradialytic hypotension among maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Geng Xuemei , Yu Jinbo , Xu Jiarui , Jin Shi , Shao Wenqi , Wang Yimei , Guo Man , Cao Xuesen , Zou Jianzhou , Xu Xialian , Ding Xiaoqiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionIntradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common complication in end‐stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis (HD). It has been documented that several factors contribute to IDH. However, the relationship between serum electrolytes and the occurrence of IDH remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate the role of serum magnesium (Mg) for the risk of IDH in maintenance HD patients.MethodsThe retrospective study included adults starting HD before January 2009 in the blood purification center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and treated thrice weekly with standard bicarbonate dialysate by low‐flux HD. Patients' characteristics including age and sex, laboratory test results were collected. IDH was defined according to kidney disease outcomes quality initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines as a decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) by ≥20 mmHg or a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) by ≥10 mmHg associated with clinical symptoms during HD. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to explore independent risk factors for IDH.FindingsAmong 423 patients recruited, 175 patients (41.4%) suffered from IDH. Compared with those with non‐IDH, patients with IDH presented higher predialysis serum Mg levels. Univariate correlation analysis showed that predialysis serum Mg level was negatively correlated with SBP at 3 hours, 4 hours after dialysis (3 hours SBP r = −0.134 P = 0.006, 4 hours SBP r = −0.142 P = 0.003) and was positively correlated with the differences of blood pressure (BP) (SBP and MAP) (△SBP r = 0.195 P < 0.001, △MAP r = 0.155, P = 0.001). After adjustment for predialysis blood urea nitrogen, platelet distribution width, cardiac troponin T, fasting blood glucose, β2‐microglobulin, and predialysis MAP, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that predialysis serum Mg level was one of the independent risk factors for IDH (odds ratio [95% confidence interval—CI]: 7.154 (1.568–32.637); P = 0.011). In addition, Mg levels of 1.15 mmol/L or higher were associated with a high incidence of IDH.DiscussionOur findings suggested that higher predialysis serum Mg level was one of the independent risk factors for IDH among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD patients).
Improved stress measurement of YSZ by Raman spectroscopy: Effect of yttrium segregation‐dependent tetragonality
Authors: Cai Huangyue , Zhang Xing , Hu Li , Guo Fangwei , Wang Xin , Zhao Xiaofeng , Ni Na , Xiao Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Raman peaks of metastable yttria‐stabilized zirconia changed with annealing at high temperatures even before the onset of transformation to any monoclinic phase, leading to ambiguous determination of stress‐free references. In this work, the evolution of the Raman bands of metastable YSZ with annealing for different times at different high temperatures were analyzed using the tetragonality variation, which was consequent on the cation redistribution activated by thermal diffusion. The Raman bands linearly varied with the volume weighted tetragonality over the range studied (1.009‐1.015). The cation diffusion changed the bonds length and the associated Raman modes frequencies. A semiempirical equation was established to amend the available calculation for residual stresses by Raman spectroscopy, based on the variation coefficients ratio of two Eg Raman modes (465 cm−1 and 640 cm−1).
Benchmarked Estimators for a Small Area Mean Under a Onefold Nested Regression Model
Authors: Stefan Marius , Hidiroglou Michael 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIn this paper, we modify small area estimators, based on the unit‐level model, so that they add up to reliable higher‐level estimates of population totals. These modifications result in benchmarked small area estimators. We consider two benchmarking procedures. One is based on augmenting the unit‐level model with a suitable variable. The other one uses the calibrated weights of the direct estimators that are reliable at the higher levels. These weights are used in estimators that are based on the aggregation of the unit‐level model for each small area. The mean squared error estimators of the proposed benchmarked estimators are obtained by suitably modifying those associated with the corresponding non benchmarked estimators. The properties of the estimators are evaluated via simulation.
Superimposed mosaicism in tuberous sclerosis complex: a key to understanding all of the manifold manifestations?
Authors: Happle R. , Torrelo A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn patients with tuberous sclerosis, we can today distinguish between two different categories of segmental mosaicism. The well‐known simple segmental mosaicism is characterized by a unilateral or otherwise localized arrangement of the ordinary lesions of the disorder, reflecting heterozygosity for an early postzygotic new mutation. By contrast, superimposed mosaicism is defined by a pronounced segmental involvement in a patient with ordinary non‐segmental lesions of the same disorder, resulting in a heterozygous embryo from loss of the corresponding wild‐type allele that occurred at a very early developmental stage. So far, the second category has been called ‘type 2 segmental mosaicism’, but here we propose the short and unambiguous term ‘superimposed mosaicism’. In order to render physicians familiar with the manifold manifestations of this category as noted in tuberous sclerosis, we review the following clinical designations under which cases suggesting superimposed mosaicism have been published: forehead plaque; shagreen patch; fibrous cephalic plaque; fibromatous lesion of the scalp; folliculocystic and collagen hamartoma; segmental hypomelanosis; congenital segmental lymphedema; and segmental ‘diffuse’ lipomatosis. Molecular corroboration of this genetic concept has been provided in a case of forehead plaque and in a child with shagreen patch. – Extracutaneous manifestations suggesting superimposed mosaicism include columnar tuberous brain defects; ‘radial migration lines’ or ‘cerebral white matter migration lines’ as noted by brain imaging; linear hamartomatous lesions of the tongue; fibrous dysplasia of bones including macrodactyly; and unilateral overgrowth of an arm or leg. – Remarkably, superimposed mosaicism appears to occur in tuberous sclerosis far more frequently than simple segmental mosaicism.
Opioid Overdose and Addiction Treatment: A Collaborative Model of Compassion, Patience, and Respect
Authors: Burton William , Martin April 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this article is to describe the creation and outcomes of a collaborative model and care facility for opioid overdose and addiction treatment based on compassion, patience, and respect: The Maryhaven Addiction Stabilization Center (MASC).ApproachMASC was created with the vision to serve clients who have recently overdosed on opioids. In this article, the research, planning, building, and implementation of an opioid treatment center composed of an admission and triage unit, inpatient withdrawal management unit, and inpatient residential unit are described. A multi‐agency and multi‐disciplinary approach were used to immediately engage patients and connect them to treatment for opioid addiction.FindingsImplementation of a collaborative model of care offers patients who overdose on opioids with immediate access to admission for treatment. This has resulted in significantly higher numbers of patients seeking and staying in treatment.ConclusionsThrough multi‐agency collaboration and a shared commitment to addressing the challenges of the opioid epidemic in innovative ways, more patients who are struggling with addiction have increased opportunities to engage in treatment and move towards recovery.Clinical RelevanceClinicians, first responders, and communities can employ MASC principles to guide their approaches to serve patients who have recently overdosed on opioids or who are in active addiction.
Sex differences in HEXACO personality characteristics across countries and ethnicities
Authors: Lee Kibeom , Ashton Michael C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe examined sex differences in the HEXACO Personality Inventory—Revised (HEXACO‐PI‐R) factor‐ and facet‐level scales and the associations of national sex differences in those scales with national characteristics such as wealth and gender equality.MethodHEXACO‐PI‐R self‐reports were collected online from persons in 48 countries (N = 347,192).Results(1) Women averaged substantially higher than men in Emotionality and in Honesty‐Humility, with (sample‐unweighted) mean differences across countries of d = 0.84 and d = 0.37, respectively; (2) the HEXACO‐PI‐R factor scales showed a rather large multivariate sex difference (D > 1 in most countries), about 19% larger than found in similar samples with the Big Five personality factors, (3) some facet scales belonging to the same factor showed widely varying sex differences, (4) national‐level sex differences in Emotionality were larger in wealthy and gender‐egalitarian countries, replicating previous counterintuitive findings, but such a tendency was not clearly observed for Honesty‐Humility, and (5) within several English‐speaking countries, sex differences in Emotionality showed comparatively little ethnic variation, suggesting that societal characteristics may influence the size of sex differences in Emotionality.ConclusionThe HEXACO model of personality structure provides some new insights in understanding sex differences in personality at the individual and national levels.
The prevalence of excessive sleepiness is higher in shift workers than in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Reis Cátia , Staats Richard , Pellegrino Pollyanna , Alvarenga Tathianna A. , Bárbara Cristina , Paiva Teresa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExcessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common feature among shift workers as well as in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. There are several important accidents related to sleep disturbances causing EDS. The aim of this study was to evaluate EDS in a group of shift workers (regular rotating) from civil aviation and to compare them with OSA patients (n = 300) and with a group of regular workers (RW) (n = 140). Our sample was composed of 730 working‐age individuals (aged 18–67 years). The regular rotating shift workers (SW) sample was composed of 290 aeronautical mechanics. EDS was evaluated with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and defined as a score ≥ 11. The prevalence value obtained for the EDS of RW was 37.1%, for SW it was 60.7% and for OSA patients it was 40.7%. A logistic regression model for EDS in a subsample composed of men and matched for age and BMI, controlling for self‐reported sleep duration, showed an increased risk of EDS for SW (OR = 3.91, p = .001), with the RW group as reference. OSA patients did not differ from RW on EDS levels. This study emphasizes the presence of EDS in a shift work group of civil aviation professionals, which exceeded the EDS level of a positive control group of OSA patients. Sleep hygiene education for companies' workers and management is important and mitigation strategies should be implemented to reduce excessive sleepiness among workers.
Resistance‐associated substitutions in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection
Authors: Dietz Julia , Kalinina Olga V. , Vermehren Johannes , Peiffer Kai‐Henrik , Matschenz Katrin , Buggisch Peter , Niederau Claus , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Müllhaupt Beat , Yerly Sabine , Ringelhan Marc , Schmid Roland M. , Antoni Christoph , Müller Tobias , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian , Piecha Felix , Moradpour Darius , Deterding Katja , Wedemeyer Heiner , Moreno Christophe , Berg Thomas , Berg Christoph P. , Zeuzem Stefan , Welsch Christoph , Sarrazin Christoph ,   European HCV Resistance Study Group
Published: May 2020

AbstractData on the prevalence of resistance‐associated substitutions (RASs) and their implications for treatment with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) are sparse in European patients with HCV genotype 4. This study investigated RASs before and after DAA failure in different genotype 4 subtypes and evaluated retreatment efficacies. Samples of 195 genotype 4‐infected patients were collected in the European Resistance Database and investigated for NS3, NS5A and NS5B RASs. Retreatment efficacies in DAA failure patients were analysed retrospectively. After NS5A inhibitor (NS5Ai) failure, subtype 4r was frequent (30%) compared to DAA‐naïve patients (5%) and the number of NS5A RASs was significantly higher in subtype 4r compared to 4a or 4d (median three RASs vs no or one RAS, respectively, P < .0001). RASsL28V, L30R and M31L pre‐existed in subtype 4r and were maintained after NS5Ai failure. Typical subtype 4r RASs were located in subdomain 1a of NS5A, close to membrane interaction and protein‐protein interaction sites that are responsible for multimerization and hence viral replication. Retreatment of 37 DAA failure patients was highly effective with 100% SVR in prior SOF/RBV, PI/SOF and PI/NS5Ai failures. Secondary virologic failures were rare (n = 2; subtype 4d and 4r) and only observed in prior NS5Ai/SOF failures (SVR 90%). In conclusion, subtype 4r harboured considerably more RASs compared to other subtypes. A resistance‐tailored retreatment using first‐ and second‐generation DAAs was highly effective with SVR rates ≥90% across all subtypes and first‐line treatment regimens.
Validation and preliminary data from a health‐related quality of life questionnaire for owners of dogs with cardiac disease
Authors: Freeman Lisa M. , Rush John E. , Clark Melissa A. , Bulmer Barret J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac disease in dogs impacts the quality of life (QoL) of their owners, but owners' QoL has not been comprehensively assessed in this population.ObjectivesTo develop, validate, and provide preliminary data from a health‐related QoL (hrQoL) questionnaire for owners of dogs with cardiac disease.SubjectsA total of 141 owners of dogs with cardiac disease were studied.MethodsAn owner hrQoL (O‐hrQoL) questionnaire containing 20 items related to areas of a person's life that could be impacted by caring for a dog with cardiac disease was developed and administered to owners of dogs with cardiac disease. The highest possible total score was 100, with higher scores indicating a worse hrQoL. Readability, internal consistency, face and construct validity, and item‐total correlations were assessed.ResultsMedian O‐hrQoL score was 35 (range, 0‐87). The questionnaire had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.933), construct validity (Spearman'sr= 0.38‐0.53; Kendall's τ = 0.30‐0.43;P < .001), and item‐total correlation (Spearman'sr= 0.44‐0.79; Kendall's τ = 0.34‐0.66; allP < .001). Fifty percent of owners indicated a negative effect of dogs' cardiac disease on their own QoL, but all owners responded that caring for their dogs either had strengthened (n = 76; 53.9%) or had no effect on their relationship with their dog (n = 65; 46.1%).Conclusions and clinical importanceThe O‐hrQoL questionnaire had good validity, and results suggest that owners' QoL is significantly impacted by caring for dogs with cardiac disease. Additional research on effective approaches to minimizing the negative effects of a dog's cardiac disease on the owner is warranted.
Insularity effects on the morphological space and sexual dimorphism of a tropical tree lizard in western Mexico
Authors: Siliceo‐Cantero H. H. , Benítez‐Malvido J. , Suazo‐Ortuño I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEcological interactions of lizards on islands tend to differ from those on the mainland, with a decrease in predation and interspecific competition and an increase in intraspecific competition. This may drive morphological divergences from their mainland counterparts, presenting gigantism and frequently sexual dimorphism. The aim of this study was to determine morphological divergence (i.e. head and limbs) and sexual dimorphism in the arboreal lizard Urosaurus bicarinatus on San Agustin Island off the Mexican Pacific Coast. We measured several morphological structures of U. bicarinatus on San Agustin Island, as well as on the adjacent mainland in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Additionally, we measured individuals from the state of Michoacán and from a preserved collection with individuals from Michoacán and Guerrero. Our results indicated a divergence and an expansion of the morphological space of the island population compared with the mainland. The divergence was accompanied by dwarfism (reduction of the head and limbs with respect to body size) and a lack of sexual dimorphism in morphology and size. Our study contributes to understanding the effect of insularity on lizards’ populations and enriches the knowledge concerning phrynosomatids such as U. bicarinatus.
Disentangling the effects of geographic peripherality and habitat suitability on neutral and adaptive genetic variation in Swiss stone pine
Authors: Dauphin Benjamin , Wüest Rafael O. , Brodbeck Sabine , Zoller Stefan , Fischer Martin C. , Holderegger Rolf , Gugerli Felix , Rellstab Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt is generally accepted that the spatial distribution of neutral genetic diversity within a species’ native range mostly depends on effective population size, demographic history, and geographic position. However, it is unclear how genetic diversity at adaptive loci correlates with geographic peripherality or with habitat suitability within the ecological niche. Using exome‐wide genomic data and distribution maps of the Alpine range, we first tested whether geographic peripherality correlates with four measures of population genetic diversity at > 17,000 SNP loci in 24 Alpine populations (480 individuals) of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra) from Switzerland. To distinguish between neutral and adaptive SNP sets, we used four approaches (two gene diversity estimates,FSToutlier test, and environmental association analysis) that search for signatures of selection. Second, we established ecological niche models forP. cembrain the study range and investigated how habitat suitability correlates with genetic diversity at neutral and adaptive loci. All estimates of neutral genetic diversity decreased with geographic peripherality, but were uncorrelated with habitat suitability. However, heterozygosity (He) at adaptive loci based on Tajima'sDdeclined significantly with increasingly suitable conditions. No other diversity estimates at adaptive loci were correlated with habitat suitability. Our findings suggest that populations at the edge of a species' geographic distribution harbour limited neutral genetic diversity due to demographic properties. Moreover, we argue that populations from suitable habitats went through strong selection processes, are thus well adapted to local conditions, and therefore exhibit reduced genetic diversity at adaptive loci compared to populations at niche margins.
BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors promote pathological changes in dilator phenotype in the human microvasculature
Authors: Durand Matthew J. , Hader Shelby N. , Derayunan Alexa , Zinkevich Natalya , McIntosh Jennifer J. , Beyer Andreas M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTreatment with BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is the standard of care for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, however evidence indicates these compounds may have cardiovascular side‐effects. This study sought to determine if ex vivo exposure of human adipose arterioles to the BCR‐ABL TKIs imatinib and nilotinib causes endothelial dysfunction.MethodsHuman adipose arterioles were incubated overnight in cell culture media containing vehicle (PBS), imatinib (10 µmol/L) or nilotinib (100 µmol/L). Arterioles were cannulated onto glass pipettes and flow mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed via video microscopy. To determine the mechanism of vasodilation, FMD was re‐assessed in the presence of either the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L‐NAME (100 µmol/L) or the H2O2 scavenger PEG‐Catalase (500 U/mL).ResultsNeither imatinib nor nilotinib affected the magnitude of FMD (max dilation = 78±17% vehicle, 80 ± 24% nilotinib, 73 ± 13% imatinib). FMD was decreased by L‐NAME in vehicle‐treated arterioles (max dilation = 47±29%). Conversely, L‐NAME had no effect on FMD in imatinib‐ or nilotinib‐treated vessels (max dilation = 79±14% and 80 ± 24%, respectively), rather FMD was inhibited by PEG‐Catalase (max dilation = 29±11% and 29 ± 14%, respectively).ConclusionIncubating human arterioles with imatinib or nilotinib switches the mediator of FMD from vasoprotective nitric oxide to pro‐inflammatory H2O2.
Anxiety‐related factors associated with symptom severity in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Black Christopher J. , Yiannakou Yan , Houghton Lesley A. , Shuweihdi Farag , West Robert , Guthrie Elspeth , Ford Alexander C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal symptom‐specific anxiety and somatization have both been associated with higher symptom severity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); however, this relationship has not been explored fully. Moreover, the performance of the visceral sensitivity index (VSI) for measuring gastrointestinal symptom‐specific anxiety has not been examined in a UK population. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey to examine these issues.MethodsGastrointestinal symptom‐specific anxiety was measured using the VSI, and somatization was measured via the patient health questionnaire‐12 (PHQ‐12) in adults from the UK community with Rome IV‐defined IBS. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the VSI, prior to subsequent analyses, to establish its factor structure. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between demographic features, different factors of the VSI, somatization, and IBS symptom severity.Key ResultsA total of 811 individuals with IBS provided complete data. Factor analysis of the VSI revealed a three‐factor structure, accounting for 47% of the variance. The first of these VSI factors and the PHQ‐12 were both strongly and independently associated with IBS symptom severity, for the group as a whole and for all four IBS subtypes. Most VSI items concerned with overt gastrointestinal symptom‐specific anxiety loaded onto the other two VSI factors that were not associated with symptom severity.Conclusions and InferencesThe factor structure of the VSI requires further investigation. Our findings cast doubt on the central role of gastrointestinal symptom‐specific anxiety as a driver for symptom severity in IBS. Awareness of both gastrointestinal and extra‐intestinal symptoms, however, is strongly associated with symptom severity.