bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-world Effectiveness of Tofacitinib for Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicentre UK Experience
Authors: Honap Sailish , Chee Desmond , Chapman Thomas P , Patel Mehul , Kent Alexandra J , Ray Shuvra , Sharma Esha , Kennedy James , Cripps Sarah , Walsh Alissa , Goodhand James R , Ahmad Tariq , Satsangi Jack , Irving Peter M , Kennedy Nicholas A ,   LEO [London, Exeter, Oxford] IBD Research Consortium, Begum Yesmina , O’Neill Rhona , Mawdsley Joel , Samaan Mark , Anderson Simon , Sanderson Jeremy , Gordon Claire , Prasad Shyam , Lin Simeng , Chanchlani Neil , Elworthy Claire , Cairnes Vida , Travis Simon , Brain Oliver , Palmer Rebecca , Ambrose Timothy , Dubois Patrick , Hayee Bu’ Hussain , Chung-Faye Guy , Medcalf Lucy , Begum Yesmina , O’Neill Rhona , Mawdsley Joel , Samaan Mark , Anderson Simon , Sanderson Jeremy , Gordon Claire , Prasad Shyam , Lin Simeng , Chanchlani Neil , Elworthy Claire , Cairnes Vida , Travis Simon , Brain Oliver , Palmer Rebecca , Ambrose Timothy , Dubois Patrick , Hayee Bu’ Hussain , Chung-Faye Guy , Medcalf Lucy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Tofacitinib is a partially selective Janus kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of refractory moderate to severe ulcerative colitis [UC]. We sought to define the effectiveness and adverse effects of tofacitinib in a real-world cohort.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of 134 patients with UC [64% male; median age 37 years [range 16–81]; 83% of patients had previously received at least one biologic] treated with tofacitinib from October 2018 to October 2019 in four UK centres. Disease activity was assessed using the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index [SCCAI] or partial Mayo score [PMS], depending on study site. Response and remission were defined as a reduction in SCCAI or PMS of ≥3and SCCAI ≤2 or a PMS ≤1, respectively.

Results
Overall, 74% (88/119; 95 confidence interval [CI] 65–81%] patients responded to tofacitinib at Week 8 and steroid-free remission was observed in 44% [47/108; 95% CI 3453%] patients at Week 26. Primary non-response was independently associated with younger age [p = 0.014] and higher C-reactive protein [CRP] levels at baseline [p = 0.004]. Only 23% [3/13] of patients who continued tofacitinib in the setting of primary non-response were in steroid-free remission at Week 26. Prior biologic exposure did not influence response or remission rates. Dose escalation, however, recaptured response in approximately half of patients who had lost response. Dyslipidaemia was observed in 20% [27/134; 95% CI 1428%] of patients, but adverse events necessitating drug withdrawal were uncommon and no venous thromboembolic events occurred.

Conclusions
In this multicentre real-world cohort, tofacitinib was well tolerated and clinically effective in a treatment-refractory UC population.
Temporal Asynchrony of Adult Emergence Between Leucopis argenticollis and Leucopis piniperda (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), Predators of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), with Implications for Biological Control
Authors: Neidermeier Alex N , Ross Darrell W , Havill Nathan P , Wallin Kimberly F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Two species of silver fly, Leucopis argenticollis (Zetterstedt) and Leucopis piniperda (Malloch) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), from the Pacific Northwest region of North America have been identified as potential biological control agents of hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae: Adelges tsugae Annand) in eastern North America. The two predators are collectively synchronized with A. tsugae development. To determine whether adult emergence of the two species of silver fly are also synchronized with one another, we collected adult Leucopis which emerged from A. tsugae-infested western hemlock [Pinaceae: Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.] from four sites in the Pacific Northwest over a 29-d period. Specimens were collected twice daily in the laboratory and identified to species using DNA barcoding. The study found that more adult Leucopis were collected in the evening than the morning. Additionally, the daily emergences of adults over the 29-d sampling period exhibited sinusoidal-like fluctuations of peak abundance of each species, lending evidence to a pattern of temporal partitioning. This pattern could have logistical implications for their use as biological control agents in eastern North America, namely the need to release both species for maximum efficacy in decreasing A. tsugae populations.
Prediction of mortality rate in acute type A dissection: the German Registry for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection score
Authors: Czerny Martin , Siepe Matthias , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Feisst Manuel , Gabel Michael , Pilz Maximilian , Pöling Jochen , Dohle Daniel-Sebastian , Sarvanakis Konstantinos , Luehr Maximilian , Hagl Christian , Rawa Arif , Schneider Wilke , Detter Christian , Holubec Tomas , Borger Michael , Böning Andreas , Rylski Bartosz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The goal was to develop a scoring system to predict the 30-day mortality rate for patients undergoing surgery for acute type A aortic dissection on the basis of the German Registry for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (GERAADA) data set and to provide a Web-based application for standard use.

METHODS
A total of 2537 patients enrolled in GERAADA who underwent surgery between 2006 and 2015 were analysed. Variable selection was performed using the R-package FAMoS. The robustness of the results was confirmed via the bootstrap procedure. The coefficients of the final model were used to calculate the risk score in a Web-based application.

RESULTS
Age [odds ratio (OR) 1.018, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.009–1.026; P &lt; 0.001; 5-year OR: 1.093], need for catecholamines at referral (OR 1.732, 95% CI 1.340–2.232; P &lt; 0.001), preoperative resuscitation (OR 3.051, 95% CI 2.099–4.441; P &lt; 0.001), need for intubation before surgery (OR 1.949, 95% CI 1.465–2.585; P &lt; 0.001), preoperative hemiparesis (OR 1.442, 95% CI 0.996–2.065; P = 0.049), coronary malperfusion (OR 1.870, 95% CI 1.386–2.509; P &lt; 0.001), visceral malperfusion (OR 1.748, 95% CI 1.198–2.530; P = 0.003), dissection extension to the descending aorta (OR 1.443, 95% CI 1.120–1.864; P = 0.005) and previous cardiac surgery (OR 1.772, 95% CI 1.048–2.903; P = 0.027) were independent predictors of the 30-day mortality rate. The Web application based on the final model can be found at https://www.dgthg.de/de/GERAADA_Score.

CONCLUSIONS
The GERAADA score is a simple, effective tool to predict the 30-day mortality rate for patients undergoing surgery for acute type A aortic dissection. We recommend the widespread use of this Web-based application for standard use.
Metagenome-assembled genome distribution and key functionality highlight importance of aerobic metabolism in Svalbard permafrost
Authors: Xue Yaxin , Jonassen Inge , Øvreås Lise , Taş Neslihan 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Permafrost underlies a large portion of the land in the Northern Hemisphere. It is proposed to be an extreme habitat and home for cold-adaptive microbial communities. Upon thaw permafrost is predicted to exacerbate increasing global temperature trend, where awakening microbes decompose millennia old carbon stocks. Yet our knowledge on composition, functional potential and variance of permafrost microbiome remains limited. In this study, we conducted a deep comparative metagenomic analysis through a 2 m permafrost core from Svalbard, Norway to determine key permafrost microbiome in this climate sensitive island ecosystem. To do so, we developed comparative metagenomics methods on metagenomic-assembled genomes (MAG). We found that community composition in Svalbard soil horizons shifted markedly with depth: the dominant phylum switched from Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria in top soils (active layer) to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria in permafrost layers. Key metabolic potential propagated through permafrost depths revealed aerobic respiration and soil organic matter decomposition as key metabolic traits. We also found that Svalbard MAGs were enriched in genes involved in regulation of ammonium, sulfur and phosphate. Here, we provide a new perspective on how permafrost microbiome is shaped to acquire resources in competitive and limited resource conditions of deep Svalbard soils.
Biodiversity and dairy traits of indigenous milk lactic acid bacteria grown in presence of the main grape polyphenols
Authors: Barbaccia Pietro , Francesca Nicola , Gerlando Rosalia Di , Busetta Gabriele , Moschetti Giancarlo , Gaglio Raimondo , Settanni Luca 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The present work was developed to select lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to be used as starter cultures in functional cheese production. The indigenous milk LAB populations were isolated from fermented raw ewes’ milks (four bulks) added with 0.5 mg/mL of nine polyphenols commonly found in winery by-products. After 48 h of fermentation, all milks were characterized by an increase of LAB levels of about 3–4 Log cycles. All different colonies were purified and characterized for the main physiological and biochemical traits and then differentiated genetically at strain level and identified. Ten species belonging to the LAB genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Leuconostoc and Lactococcus were identified. Only Lactococcus lactis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains were evaluated for the technological traits including acidification and autolytic kinetics, diacetyl formation, exopolysaccharide production and generation of antimicrobial compounds. A total of four strains (Mise36, Mise94 Mise169 and Mise190) belonging to Lc. lactis displayed potential for production of cheeses containing grape polyphenols.
Exploring Clinically Meaningful Changes for the Frailty Index in a Longitudinal Cohort of Hospitalized Older Patients
Authors: Theou Olga , van der Valk Alexandra M , Godin Judith , Andrew Melissa K , McElhaney Janet E , McNeil Shelly A , Rockwood Kenneth 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Clinically meaningful change (CMC) for frailty index (FI) scores is little studied. We estimated the CMC by associating changes in FI scores with changes in the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) in hospitalized patients.

Methods
The Serious Outcomes Surveillance Network of the Canadian Immunization Research Network enrolled older adults (65+ years) admitted to hospital with acute respiratory illness (mean age = 79.6 ± 8.4 years; 52.7% female). Patients were assigned CFS and 39-item FI scores in-person at admission and via telephone at 1-month postdischarge. Baseline frailty state was assessed at admission using health status 2 weeks before admission. We classified those whose CFS scores remained unchanged (n = 1,534) or increased (n = 4,390) from baseline to hospital admission, and whose CFS scores remained unchanged (n = 1,565) or decreased (n = 2,546) from admission to postdischarge. For each group, the CMC was represented as the FI score change value that best predicted one level CFS change, having the largest Youden J value in comparison to no change.

Results
From baseline to admission, 74.1% increased CFS by ≥1 level. From admission to postdischarge, 61.9% decreased CFS by ≥1 levels. A change in FI score of 0.03 best predicted both one-level CFS increase (sensitivity = 70%; specificity = 69%) and decrease (sensitivity = 66%; specificity = 61%) in comparison to no change. Of those who changed CFS by ≥1 levels, 70.9% (baseline to admission) and 72.4% (admission to postdischarge) changed their FI score by at least 0.03.

Conclusions
A clinically meaningful change of 0.03 in the frailty index score holds promise as a benchmark for assessing the meaningfulness of frailty interventions.
Properadic Homotopical Calculus
Authors: Hoffbeck Eric , Leray Johan , Vallette Bruno 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we initiate the generalization of the operadic calculus that governs the properties of homotopy algebras to a properadic calculus that governs the properties of homotopy gebras over a properad. In this first article of a series, we generalize the seminal notion of ${\infty }$-morphisms and the ubiquitous homotopy transfer theorem. As an application, we recover the homotopy properties of involutive Lie bialgebras developed by Cieliebak–Fukaya–Latschev and we produce new explicit formulas.
MITOL dysfunction causes dwarfism with anterior pituitary hypoplasia
Authors: Matsuno Keigo , Nagashima Shun , Shiiba Isshin , Taniwaka Keito , Takeda Keisuke , Tokuyama Takeshi , Ito Naoki , Matsushita Nobuko , Fukuda Toshifumi , Ishido Satoshi , Inatome Ryoko , Yanagi Shigeru 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn mitochondrial disorders, short stature and growth failure are common symptoms, but their underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we examined the cause of growth failure of mice induced by nestin promoter-driven knockout of the mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase MITOL (MARCH5), a key regulator of mitochondrial function. MITOL-knockout mice have congenital hypoplasia of the anterior pituitary caused by decreased expression of pituitary transcript factor 1 (Pit1). Consistently, both mRNA levels of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin levels were markedly decreased in the anterior pituitary of mutant mice. Growth failure of mutant mice was partly rescued by hypodermic injection of recombinant GH. To clarify whether this abnormality was induced by the primary effect of MITOL knockdown in the anterior pituitary or a secondary effect of other lesions, we performed lentiviral-mediated knockdown of MITOL on cultured rat pituitary GH3 cells, which secrete GH. GH production was severely compromised in MITOL-knockdown GH3 cells. In conclusion, MITOL plays a critical role in the development of the anterior pituitary; therefore, mice with MITOL dysfunction exhibited pituitary dwarfism caused by anterior pituitary hypoplasia. Our findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly involved in the unknown pathogenesis of pituitary dwarfism.
Cross-resistance and Fitness Cost Analysis of Resistance to Thiamethoxam in Melon and Cotton Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Chen Anqi , Shan Tisheng , Dong Wenyang , Shi Xueyan , Gao Xiwu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The melon/cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a notorious pest in many crops. The neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam is widely used for A. gossypii control. To evaluate thiamethoxam resistance risk, a melon/cotton aphid strain with an extremely high level of resistance to thiamethoxam (&gt;2,325.6-fold) was established after selection with thiamethoxam for 24 generations. Additionally, the cross-resistance pattern to other neonicotinoids and fitness were analyzed. The cross-resistance results showed the thiamethoxam-resistant strain had extremely high levels of cross-resistance against clothianidin (&gt;311.7-fold) and nitenpyram (299.9-fold), high levels of cross-resistance against dinotefuran (142.3-fold) and acetamiprid (76.6-fold), and low cross-resistance against imidacloprid (9.3-fold). Compared with the life table of susceptible strain, the thiamethoxam-resistant strain had a relative fitness of 0.950, with significant decreases in oviposition days and fecundity and prolonged developmental duration. The molecular mechanism for fitness costs was studied by comparing the mRNA expression levels of juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT), juvenile hormone-binding protein (JHBP), juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), ecdysone receptor (EcR), ultraspiracle protein (USP), and Vitellogenin (Vg) in the susceptible and thiamethoxam-resistant strains. Significant overexpression of JHEH and JHBP and downregulation of EcR and Vg expression were found in the thiamethoxam-resistant strain. These results indicate that A. gossypii has the potential to develop extremely high resistance to thiamethoxam after continuous exposure, with a considerable fitness cost and cross-resistance to other neonicotinoids.
Not such a small diagnosis: small cell carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Rauf Abdul , Smith Stephanie F , Mukherjee Rono , Nasir Nyla 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Small cell carcinoma (SCC) is an aggressive malignancy most commonly described in the lung. We present a case of a 61-year-old male who presented with a neck swelling and was subsequently found to have metastatic SCC of the prostate. Clinicians should be aware that it metastasizes early. Unlike conventional prostate adenocarcinoma, it is not a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) secreting tumor hence serum levels do not correlate with disease severity, and a low PSA reading may give false reassurance. In the future, further studies on genomic typing and novel targeted therapies may achieve better clinical outcomes for patients with this aggressive type of prostate cancer.
Future of cross-border pipeline projects in AMLO’s Mexico: what’s the risk?
Authors: Rollag Megan 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Upon the election of Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO) on 1 July 2018, the vitality of Mexico’s recent Energy Reform came under fire from investors, policy makers and industry professionals. This paper evaluates the risks posed to investors in cross-border pipeline projects as a result of this regime shift. Risk is evaluated by the present factors that affect investment conditions as well as projections into the future state of the Mexican Energy Reform. An evaluation of the current Mexican natural gas policy and Mexico’s natural gas relationship with the United States demonstrate a high demand for cheap natural gas flowing across the U.S.-Mexico border. While factors such as social insecurity, theft, environmental concerns, and political volatility slowed the development of several cross-border pipeline projects, the presence of newly minted projects on the horizon are a sign that the expansion of Mexico’s pipeline infrastructure is likely to endure.
The properties of radio and mid-infrared detected galaxies and the effect of environment on the co-evolution of AGN and star formation at z ∼ 1
Authors: Shen Lu , Lemaux Brian C , Lubin Lori M , McKean John , Miller Neal A , Pelliccia Debora , Fassnacht Christopher D , Tomczak Adam , Wu Po-Feng , Kocevski Dale , Gal Roy , Hung Denise , Squires Gordon 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
In this study, we investigate 179 radio-infrared (IR) galaxies drawn from a sample of spectroscopically confirmed galaxies, which are detected in radio and mid-IR (MIR) in the redshift range of 0.55 ≤ z ≤ 1.30 in the Observations of Redshift Evolution in Large Scale Environments (ORELSE) survey. We constrain the active galactic nuclei (AGN) contribution to the total IR luminosity (fAGN), and estimate the AGN luminosity (LAGN) and the star formation rate (SFR). Based on the fAGN and radio luminosity, radio–IR galaxies are split into galaxies that host either high- or low-fAGN AGN (high-/low-fAGN), and star-forming galaxies (SFGs) with little to no AGN activity. We study the properties of the three radio–IR sub-samples comparing to an underlying parent sample. In the comparison of radio luminosity of three sub-samples, no significant difference was found, which could be due to the combined contribution of radio emission from AGN and star formation. We find a positive relationship between LAGN and specific SFR (sSFR) for both AGN sub-samples, strongly suggesting a co-evolution scenario of AGN and SF in these galaxies. A toy model is designed to demonstrate this co-evolution scenario, where we find that, in almost all cases, a rapid quenching time-scale is required, which we argue is a signature of AGN quenching. The environmental preference for intermediate/infall regions of clusters/groups remains across the co-evolution scenario, which suggests that galaxies might be in an orbital motion around the cluster/group during the scenario.
Death-related distress in adult primary brain tumor patients
Authors: Loughan Ashlee R , Aslanzadeh Farah J , Brechbiel Julia , Rodin Gary , Husain Mariya , Braun Sarah E , Willis Kelcie D , Lanoye Autumn 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
A diagnosis of cancer may increase mortality salience and provoke death-related distress. Primary brain tumor (PBT) patients may be at particular risk for such distress given the certainty of tumor progression, lack of curative treatments, and poor survival rates. This study is the first to examine the prevalence of death-related distress and its correlates in PBT patients.

Methods
Adult PBT patients (N = 105) enrolled in this cross-sectional study and completed the Death Distress Scale (subscales: Death Depression, Death Anxiety, Death Obsession), Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7, and Patient Health Questionnaire–9. Prevalence and predictors of death-related distress, and the relationships of demographic variables to clusters of distress, were explored.

Results
The majority of PBT patients endorsed clinically significant death-related distress in at least one domain. Death anxiety was endorsed by 81%, death depression by 12.5%, and death obsession by 10.5%. Generalized anxiety was the only factor associated with global death-related distress. Cluster analysis yielded 4 profiles: global distress, emotional distress, resilience, and existential distress. Participants in the resilience cluster were significantly further out from diagnosis than those in the existential distress cluster. There were no differences in cluster membership based on age, sex, or tumor grade.

Conclusions
PBT patients appear to have a high prevalence of death-related distress, particularly death anxiety. Further, 4 distinct profiles of distress were identified, supporting the need for tailored approaches to addressing death-related distress. A shift in clusters of distress based on time since diagnosis also suggest the need for future longitudinal assessment.
Central neurogenic hyperventilation in conscious patients due to CNS neoplasm: a case report and review of the literature on treatment
Authors: Neves Briard Joel , Beaulieu Marie-Claude , Lemoine Émile , Beaulieu Camille , Dubé Bruno-Pierre , Lapointe Sarah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCentral neurogenic hyperventilation (CNH) is increasingly reported in conscious patients with a CNS neoplasm. We aimed to synthesize the available data on the treatment of this condition to guide clinicians in their approach.MethodsWe describe the case of a 39-year-old conscious woman with CNH secondary to glioma brainstem infiltration for whom hyperventilation was aborted with hydromorphone, dexamethasone, and brainstem radiotherapy. We then performed a review of the literature on the treatment of CNH in conscious patients due to a CNS neoplasm.ResultsA total of 31 studies reporting 33 cases fulfilled the selection criteria. The underlying neoplasm was lymphoma in 15 (45%) and glioma in 13 (39%) patients. Overall, CNH was aborted in 70% of cases. Opioids and sedatives overall seemed useful for symptom relief, but the benefit was often of short duration when the medication was administered orally or subcutaneously. Methadone and fentanyl were successful but rarely used. Chemotherapy was most effective in patients with lymphoma (89%), but not glioma (0%) or other neoplasms (0%). Patients with lymphoma (80%) and other tumors (100%) responded to radiotherapy more frequently than patients with glioma (43%). Corticosteroids were moderately effective. Subtotal surgical resection was successful in the 3 cases for which it was attempted.ConclusionDefinitive treatment of the underlying neoplasm may be more successful in aborting hyperventilation. Variable rates of palliation have been observed with opioids and sedatives. Treatment of CNH is challenging but successful in a majority of cases.