bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adipose mesenchymal stem cells‐secreted extracellular vesicles containing microRNA‐192 delays diabetic retinopathy by targeting ITGA1
Authors: Gu Cao , Zhang Hongjun , Gao Yu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) has characteristics of early loss of capillary pericytes, contributing to aberrant endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis. The function of extracellular vesicles (Evs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in angiogenesis and endothelial proliferation were investigated in the present study. In particular, the role of microRNA‐192 (miR‐192) was described. Firstly, the GSE60436 data set was applied to screen out that integrin subunit α1 (ITGA1) was overexpressed in DR. Subsequently, streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes in rats, which was later subjected to intravitreal injection of targeted shRNAs. ITGA1 knockdown alleviated inflammation and angiogenesis in STZ‐induced diabetic retina. Evs were extracted from MSCs and injected into rat vitreous. Meanwhile, human retinal microvascular endothelial cells, Müller cells, and retinal pigment epithelium cells were exposed to high glucose. MSC‐derived Evs relieved inflammatory response and angiogenesis by shuttling miR‐192. miR‐192 targeted and negatively regulated ITGA1, thereby ameliorating diabetic retinal damage. Our study established that miR‐192 released by Evs from MSCs could delay the events of the inflammatory response and angiogenesis in DR and may represent a possible therapeutic approach for the treatment of DR.
Hydrogen sulfide restores sevoflurane postconditioning mediated cardioprotection in diabetic rats: Role of SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling‐modulated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress
Authors: Zhang Jing , Cai Xia , Zhang Qin , Li Xiaozhong , Li Siyuan , Ma Jianyong , Zhu Wengen , Liu Xiao , Wei Meilin , Tu Wei , Shen Yunfeng , Liu Jianping , Lai Xiaoyang , Yu Peng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiabetic hearts are vulnerable to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), but are insensitive to sevoflurane postconditioning (SPC), activating peroxiredoxins that confer cardioprotection. Previous studies have demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can suppress oxidative stress of diabetic rats through increasing the expression of silent information regulator factor 2‐related enzyme 1 (SIRT1), but whether cardioprotection by SPC can be restored afterward remains unclear. Diabetic rat was subjected to IRI (30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min reperfusion). Postconditioning treatment with sevoflurane was administered for 15 min upon the onset of reperfusion. The diabetic rats were treated with GYY4137 (H2S donor) 5 days before the experiment. Myocardial infarct size, mitochondrial structure and function, ATP content, activities of complex I‐IV, marker of oxidative stress, SIRT1, nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), and NADPH Oxidase‐2 (Nox‐2) protein expression were detected after reperfusion, and cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography at 24 h after reperfusion. After H2S activated SIRT1 in the impaired myocardium of diabetic rats, SPC significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream mediator HO‐1, thus reduced the expression of Nox‐2. In addition, H2S remarkably increased cytoplasmic and nuclear SIRT1 which was further enhanced by SPC. Furthermore, H2S combined with SPC reduced the production of reactive oxygen species, increased the content of ATP, and maintained mitochondrial enzyme activity. Finally, myocardial infarct size and myocardium damage were decreased, and cardiac function was improved. Taken together, our study proved that H2S could restore SPC‐induced cardioprotection in diabetic rats by enhancing and promoting SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
Effect of the calcareous deposits on the cathodic protection potential of 10Ni5CrMoV high‐strength steel in a deep‐sea environment by using the response surface methodology
Authors: Xu Hongbo , Li Lin , Zhao Yang , San Hongyu , Zhang Tao , Su Xiandong , Wang Fuhui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe effect of deep‐sea environments on the properties of calcareous deposits was studied and we established the mapping relationship between their cathodic protection potential and the temperature (T), pressure (P), dissolved oxygen (DO), and the properties of the calcareous deposits according to the response surface methodology. This revealed that the calcareous deposits mixed with CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2 under cathodic protection. The environment including temperature, pressure, and oxygen content had various impacts on the thickness, porosity, and the ratio of Ca and Mg. Moreover, the calcareous deposits slightly decreased the cathodic protection potential. Therefore, it can be believed that the cathodic protection potential for naked high‐strength steel is also approximately applicable to that covered with calcareous deposits in the deep‐sea environment.
Multicomponent Polymerization for π‐Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Yoon Ki‐Young , Dong Guangbin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStructurally complex π‐conjugated polymers hold great promise as key components in sensor and electronic devices; however, their syntheses have not been a trivial task. From a synthetic efficiency perspective, it would be more attractive to access these materials using convenient and efficient methods from simple building blocks. One such synthetic tool, multicomponent polymerization, can accommodate modularity and provide highly efficient syntheses. This feature article outlines several multicomponent polymerization strategies for the synthesis of various π‐conjugated polymers, which are classified based upon how the monomers are aligned during polymerization. Additionally, the challenges and outlooks of this field are highlighted and discussed.
A Polyamide 6/Muscovite Composites with Thermal Insulation Properties
Authors: Chagas Gabriella Neto , Barros Maiccon Martins , Ribeiro Roberto Carlos da Conceição , Bastos Daniele Cruz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe production of garments with strong thermal control is of paramount importance to improve the working conditions of people who engage in activities under hot sun. From this perspective, bearing in mind the reuse of ornamental stone tailings, the present project aimed at developing a fabric made of polyamide 6 and muscovite, which is a mineral tailing from the cutting and processing of pegmatite rocks and has thermal insulation characteristics. Tensile specimens containing 50%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 95% muscovite by mass are generated in the polyamide matrix, which are submitted to physical index and temperature absorption tests. The addition of 95% mineral filler does not significantly alter the physical characteristics of the samples, since the density increased only from 1.30 to 1.60 g.cm−3. In addition, specimens containing 90% mineral filler in the polyamide matrix reduced the temperature by more than 50%.
Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Ibuprofen and Naproxen Drugs Incorporated in Cellulose Acetate Matrices
Authors: Ferreira Marcos V. , Filho Lauro A. Pradela , Takeuchi Regina M. , Assunção Rosana M. N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe suitable combination of active pharmaceutical molecules and polymer matrices is a key factor for the development of systems for controlled release. The proper choice of the bioactive species/polymer pair depends strongly on the dispersion capacity and the interaction established between the bioactive species in the polymer matrix. Solid dispersions composed of cellulose acetate (CA) with either naproxen (NPX) or ibuprofen (IBF) are separately evaluated by Thermogravimetry Analysis in decomposition kinetics studies. Ozawa's isoconversional method is used to calculate the Estimated Activation Energy (Eα) values. Eα indicated strong intermolecular interactions between the drugs and the CA matrix that is responsible for the increase in thermal stabilities of the drugs when they are combined with the polymer matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses and solubility parameters showed CA has better compatibility with NPX compared to IBF. Therefore, this work brings exciting information for systems based on CA. Moreover, the approach is promising for the development of new materials, especially those of pharmaceutical relevance.
Cardiac radioablation for atrial fibrillation: Target motion characterization and treatment delivery considerations
Authors: Lydiard Suzanne , Pontré Beau , Lowe Boris S. , Ball Helen , Sasso Giuseppe , Keall Paul 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe safe delivery of cardiac radioablation (CR) for atrial fibrillation (AF) is challenged by multi‐direction target motion, cardiac rate variability, target proximity to critical structures, and the importance of complete target dose coverage for therapeutic benefit. Careful selection of appropriate treatment procedures is therefore essential. This work characterizes AF cardiac radioablation target motion and target proximity to surrounding structures in both healthy and AF participants to guide optimal treatment technique and technology choice.MethodsTen healthy participants and five participants with AF underwent MRI acquisition. Multi‐slice, cardiac‐gated, breath‐hold cines were acquired and interpolated to create three‐dimensional images for 18–30 cardiac phases. Treatment targets at the left and right pulmonary vein ostia (CTVLeft and CTVRight respectively) and adjacent cardiac structures were contoured and their displacements throughout the cardiac cycle were assessed. Target proximity to surrounding structures were measured. Free‐breathing real‐time two‐dimensional cine images were also acquired at 4 Hz frequency for between 1‐ and 2‐min duration. The motion of easily identifiable points within the target, diaphragm and sternum was measured to assess respiratory motion.ResultsTarget motion due to cardiac contraction was most prominent in the medial‐lateral direction and of 4–5 mm magnitude. CTVRight displacements were smaller in participants with AF than healthy participants in normal sinus rhythm. Nearby cardiac structures often moved with different magnitudes and motion trajectories. CTVLeft and/or CTVRight were in direct contact with the esophagus in 73% of participants. Target motion due to respiration was most prominent in the superior–inferior direction and of 13–14 mm magnitude in both healthy and AF participants.ConclusionAF CR target motion and relative displacement was characterized. The combination of target motion magnitude and relative displacement to critical structures highlights the importance of personalizing motion compensation techniques for effective AF CR treatments.
Should I Start With A Postpyloric Enteral Nutrition Modality?
Authors: Kuwajima Vanessa , Bechtold Matthew L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNutrition therapy is a key element in the management of malnourished and critically ill patients. Although many aspects of enteral nutrition (EN) have been well defined by research, with clear recommendations by 3 major society guidelines, EN delivery method remains a topic for debate. The goal of this manuscript is to concisely review gastric vs postpyloric enteral feeding in critically ill adult patients and provide a set of recommendations to individualize EN delivery method based on patient characteristics and specific needs.
Multiperiod transshipment location–allocation problem with flow synchronization under stochastic handling operations
Authors: Giusti Riccardo , Manerba Daniele , Tadei Roberto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe transshipment location–allocation problem consists of locating transshipment facilities (e.g., intermodal hubs) of a transportation network and allocating freight flows through them, from several origins to several destinations, to satisfy demand and supply constraints. The objective is to maximize the total net transportation utility given by the total shipping utility minus the total cost to locate the facilities. Moreover, flow synchronization at the facilities must also be ensured. Unfortunately, the flow synchronization depends on a broad set of unknown events, which could cause both unexpected reductions of the facility capacity and uncertain utility of handling operations. In this paper, we first want to evaluate how uncertainty on facility capacity and handling operations utility affects the transshipment location–allocation problem in terms of complexity, net gain, and optimal solutions. Moreover, we extend the problem from a single to a multi‐period setting to have a wider view of future scenarios realizations and consequently synchronize the flows by using different facilities on different periods. We propose a two‐stage stochastic programming formulation with recourse and analyze, over a ground set of instances, some well‐known economic indicators to derive managerial insights on the importance of addressing uncertainty for the problem. Finally, given the computational burden of solving the deterministic equivalent problem, we propose several heuristics based on progressive hedging and test their performance.
Clinical Application of the FoundationOne CDx Assay to Therapeutic Decision-Making for Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Takeda Masayuki , Takahama Takayuki , Sakai Kazuko , Shimizu Shigeki , Watanabe Satomi , Kawakami Hisato , Tanaka Kaoru , Sato Chihiro , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Nonagase Yoshikane , Yonesaka Kimio , Takegawa Naoki , Okuno Tatsuya , Yoshida Takeshi , Fumita Soichi , Suzuki Shinichiro , Haratani Koji , Saigoh Kazumasa , Ito Akihiko , Mitsudomi Tetsuya , Handa Hisashi , Fukuoka Kazuya , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Nishio Kazuto 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Implementation of personalized medicine requires the accessibility of tumor molecular profiling in order to allow prioritization of appropriate targeted therapies for individual patients. Our aim was to study the role of comprehensive genomic profiling assays that may inform treatment recommendations for patients with solid tumors.

Materials and Methods
We performed a prospective study to evaluate the feasibility of application of the FoundationOne CDx panel—which detects substitutions, insertions and deletions, and copy number alterations in 324 genes, select gene rearrangements, and genomic signatures including microsatellite instability and tumor mutation burden (TMB)—to patients with advanced or recurrent solid tumors before its approval in Japan.

Results
A total of 181 samples were processed for genomic testing between September 2018 and June 2019, with data being successfully obtained for 175 of these samples, yielding a success rate of 96.7%. The median turnaround time was 41 days (range, 21–126 days). The most common known or likely pathogenic variants were TP53 mutations (n = 113), PIK3CA mutations (n = 33), APC mutations (n = 32), and KRAS mutations (n = 29). Among the 153 patients assessed for TMB, the median TMB was 4 mutations/Mb, and tumors with a high TMB (≥10 mutations/Mb) were more prevalent for lung cancer (11/32) than for other solid tumor types (9/121, Fisher's exact test p &lt; .01). No clear trend toward increased efficacy for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy or ICI combination chemotherapy in patients with a high programmed cell death–ligand 1 tumor proportion score or a high TMB was apparent. Among the 174 patients found to harbor known or likely pathogenic actionable alterations, 24 individuals (14%) received matched targeted therapy.

Conclusion
The FoundationOne CDx assay was performed with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens with a success rate of &gt;95%. Such testing may inform the matching of patients with cancer with investigational or approved targeted drugs.

Implications for Practice
This prospective cohort study was initiated to investigate the feasibility and utility of clinical application of FoundationOne CDx. A total of 181 samples were processed for genomic testing between September 2018 and June 2019, with data being successfully obtained for 175 of these samples, yielding a success rate of 96.7%, and 24 individuals (14%) received matched targeted therapy.
Reactivity of Ionic Liquids: Reductive Effect of [C4C1im]BF4 to Form Particles of Red Amorphous Selenium and Bi2Se3 from Oxide Precursors
Authors: Knorr Monika , Schmidt Peer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTemperature‐induced change in reactivity of the frequently used ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4C1im]BF4) is presented as a prerequisite for the rational screening of reaction courses in material synthesis. [C4C1im]BF4 becomes active with oxidic precursor compounds in reduction reaction at ϑ≥200 °C, even without the addition of an external reducing agent. The reaction mechanism of forming red amorphous selenium from SeO2 is investigated as a model system and can be described similarly to the Riley oxidation. The reactive species but‐1‐ene, which is formed during the decomposition of [C4C1im]BF4, reacts with SeO2 and form but‐3‐en‐2‐one, water, and selenium. Elucidation of the mechanism was achieved by thermoanalytical investigations. The monotropic phase transition of selenium was analyzed by the differential scanning calorimetry. Beyond, the suitability of the single source oxide precursor Bi2Se3O9 for the synthesis of Bi2Se3 particles was confirmed. Identification, characterization of formed solids succeeded by using light microscopy, XRD, SEM, and EDX.
Fourier transform fatigue analysis of the stress in tension/tension of HDPE and PA6
Authors: Hirschberg Valerian , Wilhelm Manfred , Rodrigue Denis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMechanical fatigue under strain controlled tension/tension (T/T) of rectangular un‐notched and notched specimens of high density polyethylene and polyamide 6 was performed. Under large amplitude oscillatory elongation, the stress response is nonlinear asymmetric due to a different stress response during loading and unloading and was analyzed via discrete Fourier transform. Dynamic strain (ε0) sweep tests revealed odd (I3/1 α ε02) and even (I2/1 α ε01) harmonics in the stress, well described by the Neo‐Hooke's law. Before crack onset for the Nc specimens, the storage and loss moduli and I2/1 are constant, but I3/1 increases with fatigue. The first derivative of I3/1 (dI3/1/dN) and the cumulative nonlinearity Qf parameter (integral of I3/1/ε02) were found to be strong criteria predicting fatigue. To break the unnotched specimens in the low and high cycle fatigue regime, large strain amplitudes were applied, resulting for both materials in initial plastic deformation followed by buckling when a critical compression force is exceeded. This results in a different time evolution of the linear and nonlinear parameters, especially as a minimum in the I2/1 curve. Finally, a model is proposed to describe the nonlinear viscoelastic specimen response under T/T and the effect of buckling.
Impact of the Electron Acceptor Nature on the Durability and Nanomorphological Stability of Bulk Heterojunction Active Layers for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Vohra Varun , Matsunaga Yumi , Takada Tomoaki , Kiyokawa Ayumu , Barba Luisa , Porzio William 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA systematic study is conducted to compare the performances and stability of active layers employing a high performance electron donor (PBDB‐T) combined with state‐of‐the‐art fullerene (PC71BM), nonfullerene (ITIC), and polymer (N2200) electron acceptors. The impact of the chemical nature of the acceptor on the durability of organic solar cells (OSCs) is elucidated by monitoring their photovoltaic performances under light exposure or dark conditions in the presence of oxygen. PC71BM molecules exhibit a higher resistance toward oxidation compared to nonfullerene acceptors. Unencapsulated PBDB‐T:PC71BM OSCs display relatively stable performances at room temperature when stored in air for 3 months. However, when exposed to temperatures above 80 °C, their active materials demix causing notable reductions in the short‐circuit densities. Such detrimental demixing can also be seen for PBDB‐T:ITIC active layers above 120 °C. Although N2200 chains irreversibly degrade when exposed to air, thermally induced demixing does not occur in PBDB‐T:N2200 active layers annealed up to 200 °C. In summary, fullerene OSCs may be the best currently available choice for unencapsulated room temperature applications but if oxidation of the polymer acceptors can be avoided, all polymer active layers should enable the fabrication of highly durable OSCs with lifetimes matching the requirements for OSC commercialization.
Synergistic Pd Single Atoms, Clusters, and Oxygen Vacancies on TiO2 for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Coupled with Selective Organic Oxidation
Authors: Wang Ting , Tao Xueqin , Li Xiaoli , Zhang Kun , Liu Shoujie , Li Benxia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDeveloping efficient photocatalysts for synchronously producing H2 and high value‐added chemicals holds great promise to enhance solar energy conversion. Herein, a facile strategy of simultaneously engineering Pd cocatalyst and oxygen vacancies (VOs) on TiO2 to promote H2 production coupled with selective oxidation of benzylamine is demonstrated. The optimized PdSA+C/TiO2‐VO photocatalyst containing Pd single atoms (SAs), clusters (C), and VOs exhibits much superior performance to those of TiO2‐VO and PdSA/TiO2‐VO counterparts. The production rates of H2 and N‐benzylidenebenzylamine over PdSA+C/TiO2‐VO are 52.7 and 1.5 times those over TiO2‐VO, respectively. Both experimental and theoretical studies have elucidated the synergistic effect of Pd SAs, clusters, and VOs on TiO2 in boosting the photocatalytic reaction. The presence of Pd SAs facilitates the generation and stabilization of abundant VOs by the formation of PdOTi3+ atomic interface, while Pd clusters promote the photogenerated charge separation and afford the optimum active sites for H2 evolution. Surface VOs of TiO2 guarantee the efficient adsorption and dissociation/activation of reactant molecules. This study reveals the effect of active‐site engineering on the photocatalysis and is expected to shed substantial light on future structure design and modulation of semiconductor photocatalysts.
Nucleic Acid Hybridization‐Based Noise Suppression for Ultraselective Multiplexed Amplification of Mutant Variants
Authors: Zeng Yi , Koo Kevin M. , Shen Ai‐Guo , Hu Ji‐Ming , Trau Matt 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe analysis of mutant nucleic acid (NA) variants can provide crucial clinical and biological insights for many diseases. Yet, existing analysis techniques are generally constrained by nonspecific “noise” signals from excessive wildtype background sequences, especially under rapid isothermal multiplexed target amplification conditions. Herein, the molecular hybridization chemistry between NA bases is manipulated to suppress noise signals and achieve ultraselective multiplexed detection of cancer gene fusion NA variants. Firstly, modified locked NA (LNA) bases are rationally introduced into oligonucleotide sequences as designed “locker probes” for high affinity hybridization to wildtype sequences, leading to enrichment of mutant variants for multiplexed isothermal amplification. Secondly, locker probes are coupled with a customized “proximity‐programmed” (SERS) readout which allows precise control of hybridization‐based plasmonic signaling to specifically detect multiple target amplicons within a single reaction. Moreover, the use of triple bond Raman reporters endows NA noise signal‐free quantification in the Raman silent region (≈1800−2600 cm−1). With this dual molecular hybridization‐based strategy, ultraselective multiplexed detection of gene fusion NA variants in cancer cellular models is actualized with successful noise suppression of native wildtype sequences. The distinct benefits of isothermal NA amplification and SERS multiplexing ability are simultaneously harnessed.