bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illuminating Propaganda
Authors: Haywood Ian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter brings back into circulation the career and achievements of the radical poet and wood-engraver William James Linton. Linton’s socialism and his commitment to bringing beauty to the masses made him a transitional figure between Romanticism and the Arts and Crafts movement of the later nineteenth century. His vision of medievalism was influenced by the radical nostalgia of Cobbett but it also spoke to the agrarian utopianism of the Chartist Land Plan. These motivations came together in his masterpiece of illuminated poetry, Bob Thin; Or the Poorhouse Fugitive, which appeared in the Illuminated Magazine in 1845. Through a close reading of both the satirical and pastoral elements of this poem, the chapter argues for Linton’s reinstatement in the canon of Victorian medievalism.
The Pre-Raphaelites
Authors: Lepine Ayla 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Across media including painting, stained glass, architecture, photography, and furniture, the Pre-Raphaelites and their circle explored medievalism’s inheritances and produced new and radical responses to the Middle Ages in bold new visual culture within Britain and its empire. Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and Malory’s Morte d’Arthur provided stimulating springboards for emerging ideas regarding the arts in relation to narrative, memory, religion, and romance. Tropes of love, heroism, and beauty were by turns subverted and lauded in diverse Pre-Raphaelite efforts to contend with the Middle Ages and to graft their own values within its spirit. Focusing on what made the Pre-Raphaelite vision innovative, and considering the differing registers of engagement with the Middle Ages through encounter with contemporary and medieval literature across the arts, this chapter considers the unique contribution of artists including Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Julia Margaret Cameron, Ford Madox Brown, John Everett Millais, and Edward Burne-Jones to the spirit of medievalism that gripped the modern Victorian imagination
Medievalist Music and Dance
Authors: Haines John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCentral to Victorians’ medievalism was the notion, prevalent since the sixteenth century, that English medieval song and dance had been preserved in kernel form by modern folk traditions. This assumption of a hidden medieval-folklore link played out in the main musical medievalisms of the nineteenth century: in antiquarian research on dance and song, both liturgical chant and vernacular music; in the more creative medievalisms of opera and music hall; and in their inheritor, the ultimate song-and-dance entertainment of the machine age, cinema. One exception to the idea of medieval art as preserved by the folk is the curious case of the motet, a quintessentially antiquarian object of study emerging in the late 1900s in connection with the burgeoning industry of academia.
Grímur Thorkelin, Rasmus Rask, and the Origins of Philology
Authors: Wolf Kirsten 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The chapter gives an overview of the life, education, and scholarly work of Grímur Thorkelin, an Icelander, and Rasmus Rask, a Dane. It assesses the reception of their research and the impact their scholarship had on future philologists. It demonstrates that Rask exercised considerable influence on philology, especially Danish philology, whereas Thorkelin’s claim to fame is limited to his work on Beowulf. What these two figures had in common, however, was their importance to early nineteenth-century Romanticism, and in particular, the resurrecting of the glorious ancient past of the Nordic countries. The work of Thorkelin and Rask invigorated interest in, and appreciation of, the shared Germanic past of Britain and Scandinavia.
Monastic Interreligious Dialogue
Authors: Blée Fabrice 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The chapter offers a theological approach to Monastic Interreligious Dialogue (MID), a recent and creative development within Benedictine monasticism. It highlights the centrality of hospitality in this movement and its relevance for a Church and a world in crisis. If MID ensures the continuity of the practice of hospitality, to which the Rule of St Benedict devotes an entire chapter, it nevertheless signals a change by its openness to religious otherness. Hence the contrast with one of the most radical exponents of Christian hospitality, the Order of Hospitallers of St John of Jerusalem. Heir to a long tradition which has manifested itself in various forms through the ages, MID offers a new paradigm for today, in which the relationship to someone who believes differently is no longer a threat to one’s faith, but rather a privileged place for its expression.
Archaeological Evidence for the Study of Early Monasticism
Authors: Davis Stephen J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter, organized in three sections, reviews and critiques the history of archaeological practice and interpretation pertaining to early Christian monastic sites. The first section introduces readers to the development of cultural-historical, processual, and post-processual approaches in modern archaeology. The second and third sections address methodological problems related to the identification and dating of monastic remains. Selected case studies from the first millennium ce are cited to illustrate how modern historians and archaeologists have often over-interpreted the evidence available to them. This chapter aims to sponsor scholarly awareness about the limits of our current state of knowledge and to establish a set of more reliable and consistent criteria for evaluating what constitutes material evidence for the study of early Christian monasticism.
Monasticism in the Byzantine Empire
Authors: Hatlie Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractModern scholars are in a good position to write broad, engaging, and coherent accounts of Byzantine monasticism, ones that explain its vital role in politics and society, its remarkable resiliency in response to historical change, and its lasting contribution to values and culture. Yet scholars today tend to prefer more specialized research, and very few comprehensive studies exist. Hagiography and charters (or typika), along with the writings of important reformers such as Theodore of Stoudios and Paul of the Evergetis Monastery, offer valuable insights into the movement. Important centres in Asia Minor, Constantinople, Mount Athos, and elsewhere are sufficiently documented and well studied. This chapter recommends three approaches towards a new narrative of monasticism. The first focuses on historical continuities, including an enduring attachment to patristic authority. The second charts historical divergences, notably over right relations between monks and society. The third discusses sporadic internal conflicts, including that over hesychasm.
Prayer
Authors: Fulton Brown Rachel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrayer lies at the centre of the monastic life, but what is prayer? For medieval monks and nuns, prayer was above all a ‘lifting up of the mind and soul to God’, whether in speech or song, requiring the whole of one’s attention and thus careful preparation and life-long discipline. It was a service offered to God, an exercise of penance, and a battle fought on behalf of one’s neighbours against the powers of darkness and sin. Like modern Christians, medieval monks and nuns worried whether their prayers were offered with appropriate devotion and understanding. Their most important models for and sources of prayer were the psalms of the Old Testament, which they sang daily in the Divine Office.
Sickness and Healing
Authors: Horden Peregrine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHow should a medieval monk behave when sick? Must submission to divine test or judgement be the only response, or is resort to secular as well as spiritual medicine allowed? What is the role of the infirmary in a monastery and, for the individual monk, what are the benefits and disadvantages of staying in it? The chapter traces medieval answers to such questions through case studies drawn from the earliest phase of monasticism in late antiquity, from Carolingian Europe, from the twelfth century, and from the later Middle Ages, concluding with an outline of a set of topics for further research.
The Benedictines
Authors: Bruce Scott G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter examines the history of the word ‘Benedictine’ in the Middle Ages. Although it is currently employed by scholars to describe cloistered communities loyal to the tenets of the Rule of Benedict, the term ‘Benedictine’ was not used in medieval Europe. Moreover, its use in contemporary discourse threatens to obscure the rich diversity and historical development of monastic practice in the Middle Ages, because it implies that all monks read and interpreted Benedict’s rule in the same way. After providing an introduction to the Rule of Benedict and its author, the chapter examines the varieties of monastic expression in medieval Europe, and it highlights neglected areas of research in the premodern Benedictine tradition.
The Protestant Tradition
Authors: Mager Inge 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter addresses the Protestant tradition in Germany. The Reformation did not bring an end to the monastic system in Germany. Many convents adhering to Protestant principles survived until the Thirty Years’ War, and others lasted until the beginning of the nineteenth century. Some few convents continue to exist today as so-called Protestant women’s foundations. Not all monastic property was secularized; what remained was used for educational, cultural, and social purposes. An aspiration for more intense forms of devotion, as well as for alternative ways of communal living, endured throughout the post-Reformation era. But it was only in the twentieth century that German Protestant churches began to recover the monastic dimension for themselves, with the founding of brotherhoods and sisterhoods. These communities base their faith and life on the Gospel, and they aim to contribute to a contemporary society that is otherwise largely alienated from the Christian tradition.
Contemporary Monasticism
Authors: Casey Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter surveys the unprecedented change experienced by monks and nuns following the Rule of Benedict from 1960 to the present. It describes the monastic world as it stood in 1960, how it changed as a result of the Second Vatican Council, and how it grapples with declining numbers of members, ageing communities, and new technologies, among other things. It concludes by suggesting areas that will need to be dealt with in the future if the institution of monasticism is to continue: the need for consistent and creative leadership, the strengthening of the mystical dimension of monasticism, the formulation of a new asceticism, and appropriate adaptation.
Lectio Divina
Authors: Polan Gregory J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The ancient monastic practice of lectio divina, the prayerful reading of sacred Scriptures, was revived in the twentieth century after the Second Vatican Council II (1962–1965). In this practice, the reader—monk or member of the laity—enters into conversation with God, the one who speaks to the reader in the sacred texts. The practice of lectio divina calls for an openness to the work of the Holy Spirit in guiding the reader to both prayer and deeds of compassion, mercy, and kindness. Thus the slow and careful reading of sacred texts calls for listening in a spirit of silence, obedience, and humility.
Musical and Liturgical Practice
Authors: Grier James 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe liturgy adopted by monastic communities offered their members the opportunity to express their piety and spiritual concerns, while simultaneously providing a public representation of the community’s spiritual identity. In particular, the cults of local saints, often supported by their relics, distinguished individual monasteries from their peers in the ongoing competition for prestige, patronage, and pilgrimage traffic. Many communities, Saint Denis just outside Paris, Farfa north of Rome, and Cluny foremost among them, tailored their liturgy to attract the patronage of powerful monarchs and secular aristocrats. A similar story emerges from Limoges, where the abbey of Saint Martial cultivated a relationship with the dukes of Aquitaine. The prayers and chants of the Mass and the Divine Office became the public face of the monastery and defined the complexion of monastic spiritual life.
Police Training Revisited—Meeting the Demands of Conflict Training in Police with an Alternative Pedagogical Approach
Authors: Koerner Swen , Staller Mario S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
While operational actions place high demands on police officers, conflict training aims to prepare them for the demands of deployment and thus forms the central hinge between professional practice and education. However, international data suggest a problem: the transfer of competence between training and deployment must be improved. The following article identifies pedagogical design and practice as the key factors in making this leap. To illustrate this point, the evidence-based constraints-led approach (CLA) is introduced. By dealing with key concepts as well as the practical implications of the CLA for conflict training in police, the article provides an orientation for police trainers and their practice as well as for the further professionalization of police training.
Novel pre-vascularized tissue-engineered dermis based on stem cell sheet technique used for dermis-defect healing
Authors: Fan Zengjie , Xie Xuzhuzi , Zhu Shengqian , Liao Xiaozhu , Yin Zhengrong , Zhang Yujue , Liu Fengzhen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Insufficient donor dermis and the shortage of three-dimensional vascular networks are the main limitations in the tissue-engineered dermis (TED). To solve these problems, we initially constructed pre-vascularized bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheet (PBMCS) and pre-vascularized fibroblasts cell sheet (PFCS) by cell sheet technology, and then superimposed or folded them together to construct a pre-vascularized TED (PTED), aiming to mimic the real dermis structure. The constructed PTED was implanted in nude mice dorsal dermis-defect wound and the wound-healing effect was quantified at Days 1, 7 and 14 via the methods of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that PTED could rapidly promote the wound closure, especially at Day 14, and the wound-healing rate of three-layer PTED could reach 97.2% (P &lt; 0.01), which was faster than the blank control group (89.1%), PBMCS (92.4%), PFCS (93.8%) and six-layer PTED (92.3%). In addition, the vessel density in the PTED group was higher than the other groups on the 14th day. Taken together, it is proved that the PTED, especially three-layer PTED, is more conducive to the full-thickness dermis-defect repair and the construction of the three-dimensional vascular networks, indicating its potential application in dermis-defect repair.
Effect of drying and/or warming piglets at birth on rectal temperature over the first 24 h after birth
Authors: Vande Pol Katherine D , Tolosa Andres F , Shull Caleb M , Brown Catherine B , Alencar Stephan A S , Ellis Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Piglets experience a rapid decrease in body temperature immediately after birth, increasing the risk of mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of drying and/or warming piglets at birth on rectal temperature over the first 24 h after birth. The study was carried out at a commercial sow facility using a completely randomized design with four treatments (applied to piglets at birth): Control (no drying or warming), Desiccant (dried using a desiccant), Warming Box (placed in a box under a heat lamp for 30 min), and Desiccant + Warming Box (both dried and warmed as above). Farrowing pens had one heat lamp, temperatures under which were similar to the warming box (35 °C). A total of 68 litters (866 piglets) were randomly allotted to a treatment at the birth of the first piglet. At birth, each piglet was identified with a numbered ear tag and weighed; rectal temperature was measured at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 1,440 min after birth. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures model using PROC MIXED of SAS. Litter was the experimental unit, piglet was a subsample of the litter; and the model included the fixed effects of treatment, time (the repeated measure), and the interaction. Rectal temperatures at birth and 1,440 min after birth were similar (P &gt; 0.05) for all treatments. At all times between 10 and 120 min after birth, Control piglets had lower (P ≤ 0.05) temperatures than the other three treatments. The Desiccant and Warming Box treatments had similar (P &gt; 0.05) temperatures at most measurement times, but the Desiccant + Warming Box treatment had the highest (P ≤ 0.05) rectal temperatures at most times between 10 and 60 min. In addition, for all treatments, light (&lt;1.0 kg) birth weight piglets had lower (P ≤ 0.05) temperatures than medium (1.0–1.5 kg) or heavy (&gt;1.5 kg) piglets at all times between 10 and 120 min. In addition, at these measurement times, the deviation in temperature between the Control and the other three treatments was greater for light than medium or heavy piglets. In conclusion, both drying and warming piglets at birth significantly increased rectal temperatures between 10 and 120 min after birth, with the combination of the two interventions having the greatest effect, especially for low birth weight piglets.
Designing academic career trajectories: identifying internal assets and evaluating external challenges
Authors: Padela Aasim I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
When I joined the Society of Behavioral Medicine’s Mid-Career Leadership Institute in 2016, I was at an academic crossroads where my motivation to pursue a research career was waning. Specifically, I was challenged in obtaining funding for my unique research focus, and by the loss of institutional mentors and sponsors. In this commentary, I describe how I utilized components of the SBM Leadership Institute, specifically executive coaching and peer mentorship, as well as introspection to identify career trajectories that align with my internal motivations, as well as acknowledge dynamics in my scholarship area and at my institution. By specifying several concrete possibilities for career advancement that are both personally meaningful and institutionally practical, I have been better able to focus my scholarly pursuits and seek out leadership positions. In general terms, the leadership institute helped me to evaluate my own internal assets (e.g., skills and passions), to critically examine trends in my area of scholarship, and to delineate alternative career pathways. In my view such periodic introspection and evaluation is critically important for maintaining a fulfilling academic career.
Identification of Translational microRNA Biomarker Candidates for Ketoconazole-Induced Liver Injury Using Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Li Dongying , Knox Bridgett , Gong Binsheng , Chen Si , Guo Lei , Liu Zhichao , Tong Weida , Ning Baitang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of acute liver failure. Reliable and translational biomarkers are needed for early detection of DILI. microRNAs (miRNAs) have received wide attention as a novel class of potential DILI biomarkers. However, it is unclear how DILI drugs other than acetaminophen may influence miRNA expression or which miRNAs could serve as useful biomarkers in humans. We selected ketoconazole (KCZ), a classic hepatotoxin, to study miRNA biomarkers for DILI as a proof of concept for a workflow that integrated in vivo, in vitro, and bioinformatics analyses. We examined hepatic miRNA expression in KCZ-treated rats at multiple doses and durations using miRNA-sequencing and correlated our results with conventional DILI biomarkers such as liver histology. Significant dysregulation of rno-miR-34a-5p, rno-miR-331-3p, rno-miR-15b-3p, and rno-miR-676 was associated with cytoplasmic vacuolization, a phenotype in rat livers with KCZ-induced injury, which preceded the elevation of serum liver transaminases (ALT and AST). Between rats and humans, miR-34a-5p, miR-331-3p, and miR-15b-3p were evolutionarily conserved with identical sequences, whereas miR-676 showed 73% sequence similarity. Using quantitative PCR, we found that the levels of hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-331-3p, and hsa-miR-15b-3p were significantly elevated in the culture media of HepaRG cells treated with 100 µM KCZ (a concentration that induced cytotoxicity). Additionally, we computationally characterized the miRNA candidates for their gene targeting, target functions, and miRNA/target evolutionary conservation. In conclusion, we identified miR-34a-5p, miR-331-3p, and miR-15b-3p as translational biomarker candidates for early detection of KCZ-induced liver injury with a workflow applicable to computational toxicology studies.
Ocular Toxocariasis in Parasitology Consultation in Quindío, Colombia: Description of Cases and Contact Studies
Authors: Gómez-Marín Jorge Enrique , Londoño Ángela Liliana , Cabeza-Acevedo Nancy , Torres Elizabeth , Navarrete-Moncada Leonidas , Bueno Oriana , Nati Alejandro , Nieto-Rodríguez Pedro , Ariza-Pardo Stiven , Isaza Karol Johana , Chacón-Álvarez Valeria , Romero-Delgado Stefany Andrea , Grijalva-Plaza Saray 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We report diagnosis, treatment and evolution of cases of ocular toxocariasis in specialized consultation in Quindío, Colombia. No cases were seen during the 2000–17 period, but five cases were confirmed from November 2017 to March 2019; two children resulted with definitive loss of vision on the affected eye. Studies in contacts found that 12 of 19 (63%) family members and 15 of 25 (60%) children &lt;15 years of age living on the same street were positive for IgG Toxocara antibodies. Epidemiological studies are necessaries to establish the reasons for the increase in cases at this region.