bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Starting a new anti‐seizure medication in drug‐resistant epilepsy: Add‐on or substitute?
Authors: Janmohamed Mubeen , Lawn Nicholas , Spilsbury Katrina , Chan Josephine , Dunne John 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesRandomized studies in drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) typically involve addition of a new anti‐seizure medication (ASM). However, in clinical practice, if the patient is already taking multiple ASMs, then substitution of one of the current ASMs commonly occurs, despite little evidence supporting this approach.MethodsLongitudinal prospective study of seizure outcome after commencing a previously untried ASM in patients with DRE. Multivariable time‐to‐event and logistic regression models were used to evaluate outcomes by whether the new ASM was introduced by addition or substitution.ResultsA total of 816 ASM changes in 436 adult patients with DRE between 2010 and 2018 were analyzed. The new ASM was added on 407 (50.1%) occasions and substituted on 409 (49.9%). Mean patient follow‐up was 3.2 years. Substitution was more likely if the new ASM was enzyme‐inducing or in patients with a greater number of concurrent ASMs. ASM add‐on was more likely if a γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist was introduced or if the patient had previously trialed a higher number of ASMs. The rate of discontinuation due to lack of tolerability was similar between the add‐on and substitution groups. No difference between the add‐on and substitution ASM introduction strategies was observed for the primary outcome of ≥50% seizure reduction at 12 months.SignificanceAdding or substituting a new ASM in DRE has the same influence on seizure outcomes. The findings confirm that ASM alterations in DRE can be individualized according to concurrent ASM therapy and patient characteristics.
Using multiple sources during reintroduction of a locally extinct population benefits survival and reproduction of an endangered freshwater fish
Authors: Lutz Maiko L. , Tonkin Zeb , Yen Jian D.L. , Johnson Glen , Ingram Brett A. , Sharley Joanne , Lyon Jarod , Chapple David G. , Sunnucks Paul , Pavlova Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThrough using different sources, population reintroductions can create genetically diverse populations at low risk of harmful inbreeding and well equipped for adaptation to future environments. Genetic variation from one source can mask locally nonoptimal alleles from another, thereby enhancing adaptive potential and population persistence. We assessed the outcomes in survival, growth and reproduction of using two differentiated sources (genetically diverse Yarra and moderately diverse Dartmouth) for translocations and stocking to reintroduce the endangered Australian freshwater Macquarie perch Macquaria australasica into the Ovens River. For stocking, same‐ and different‐population parents (“cross‐types”) were used during hatchery production. Genetic samples and data on individual fish were collected over three years of monitoring the Ovens. We genetically assigned Ovens fish to their broodstock parents and tested whether cross‐type and genetic dissimilarity between parents are associated with offspring survival, and whether cross‐type and parental dissimilarity or individual genetic diversity are associated with somatic growth rates of stocked fish. We genetically identified translocated fish and assessed local recruit ancestry. Of 296 Ovens fish, 31.1% were inferred to be stocked, 1.3% translocated and 67.6% locally born. Cross‐type strongly predicted survival of stocked offspring: those with two Yarra parents had the highest survival, followed by offspring with two‐population, then Dartmouth, ancestry. Of the Ovens recruits, 59.5% had Yarra, 33.5% two‐population and 7.0% Dartmouth ancestry, despite 67% of stocked and 98% of translocated fish originating from Dartmouth. Offspring with two Yarra parents grew faster than offspring of Dartmouth or two‐population ancestry. Although Dartmouth fish appear to be less fit in the Ovens compared to Yarra fish, possibly due to deleterious variation or genetic or plastic maladaptation, they contribute to the reintroduced population through local interbreeding with Yarra fish and relatively high survival of stocked offspring of two‐population ancestry. Thus, combining compatible stocks is likely to benefit restoration of other wildlife populations.
Changes in the faecal bacterial microbiota during hospitalisation of horses with colic and the effect of different causes of colic
Authors: Stewart Holly L. , Pitta Dipti , Indugu Nagaraju , Vecchiarelli Bonnie , Hennessy Meagan L. , Engiles Julie B. , Southwood Louise L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have identified alterations in the faecal microbiota of horses with colic; however, further work is needed to interpret these findings.ObjectivesTo compare the faecal microbiota of horses presenting for colic at hospital admission, day 1 and day 3/discharge and with different colic duration and lesion locations.Study designProspective observational clinical study.MethodsFaecal samples were collected from 17 colic cases at hospital admission, on day 1 and on day 3 post‐admission or at the time of hospital discharge if prior to 72 hours. Faecal samples were extracted for genomic DNA, PCR‐amplified, sequenced and analysed using QIIME. Species richness and Shannon diversity (alpha diversity) were estimated. The extent of the relationship between bacterial communities (beta diversity) was quantified using pairwise UniFrac distances, visualised using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and statistically analysed using permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). The relative abundance of bacterial populations at the different time points and in different types of colic was compared using ANCOM.ResultsThere was a decrease in species richness from admission to day 3/hospital discharge (P < .05), and a lower species richness (P = .005) and Shannon diversity (P = .02) in horses with colic ≥60 h compared to <60 h. Based on PCoA and PERMANOVA, there was a significant difference in bacterial community composition for horses with different colic duration (P = .001) and lesion location (P = .006). Several differences in bacterial phyla and genera were observed at different time points and with different types of colic.Main limitationsRelatively low numbers and a diverse population of horses.ConclusionsThe microbiota change from hospital admission to day 3/discharge in horses with colic and horses with colic ≥60 h and large colon lesions have a distinct bacterial population compared to horses with colic <60 h and small intestinal lesions.
A long‐term study of sinoscopic treatment of equine paranasal sinus disease: 155 cases (2012–2019)
Authors: Dixon Padraic M. , Kennedy Rebekah , Poll Kirsty , Barakzai Safia , Reardon Richard J. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is little objective information concerning the intra‐ and post‐operative complications or the long‐term outcome of sinoscopic treatment of equine sinus disorders.ObjectivesTo document the long‐term outcome, including intra‐operative complications, reasons for treatment failure and other complications, in horses undergoing standing sinoscopic treatment of sinus disorders.Study designRetrospective clinical study.MethodsRecords of sinus disease cases presented to The University of Edinburgh Veterinary School between January 2012 and July 2019 were reviewed. Follow‐up information was obtained from clinical records and a telephone questionnaire.ResultsLong‐term follow up for 155 cases treated sinoscopically showed that 108/155 (69.7%) fully responded to their initial treatment. Concurrent intranasal lesions were identified in 37.4% of cases. Sinusotomy was later required in 10 cases to improve surgical access or sinonasal drainage. Reasons for failure to fully respond to the initial treatment (n = 47) included: intra‐sinus bone sequestra (n = 9), inspissated exudate (n = 6) or insects (n = 2); similar material and/or infected conchal bullae in the middle meatus (n = 7); persistent oro‐maxillary fistulae (n = 4), misdiagnosed dental apical infections (n = 4); impaired sinonasal drainage (n = 4), progressive ethmoid haematoma regrowth (n = 3) and undiagnosed causes (n = 5). Further treatment of 43 of these cases (67% as outpatients) showed 34/43 cases fully responding to their second treatment. Only 4/155 cases (2.6%) required sinonasal fenestration. In the long term, 149/155 cases (96.1%) showed full and 2/155 cases (1.3%) showed partial improvement. Sinoscopy portal wound infection occurred in nine cases.Main limitationsThe length of time between treatment and obtaining follow‐up information in some cases. Advances in knowledge and techniques over the duration of the study.ConclusionsSinoscopic treatment is a minimally‐invasive technique causing minimal morbidity and was successful in 96.1% of cases. Meticulous care should be taken to ensure that bony sequestrae and inspissated exudate are fully removed from the sinuses and nasal cavity during sinoscopic treatments.
Is the spread of the alien water boatman Trichocorixa verticalis verticalis (Hemiptera, Corixidae) aided by zoochory and drought resistant eggs?
Authors: Carbonell José Antonio , Céspedes Vanessa , Green Andy J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Desiccation resistance is a key trait determining the distribution of aquatic insects, their potential for overland dispersal, and survival during drought periods in temporary waterbodies, as well as the spread of invasive species. Passive dispersal by waterbirds is considered to be a key process favouring the spread of invasive species and is more likely to occur for insects with eggs that are resistant to desiccation or gut passage.

We investigated the hypothesis that the eggs of the alien boatman Trichocorixa verticalis verticalis are resistant to desiccation and digestion and thus able to disperse via waterbirds.

We conducted experiments to test for egg resistance to desiccation in still air and under moving air conditions, to simulate bird flight. Oviposition on greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) legs and wetland plants was tested in the laboratory and in the field. Resistance of eggs to simulated gut passage was studied, as was the viability of eggs recovered from Eurasian coot (Fulica atra) droppings in the field.

Only a fraction of eggs hatched after 8 hr of exposure to still air at 15°C (4% of exposed eggs), and after 2 hr exposure to air flow conditions at 20°C (8%). Oviposition on flamingo legs was confirmed in the laboratory but not in the field. However, oviposition rates were higher on plant stems than on flamingo legs. Digestion simulations showed very low resistance to chemical treatment and no resistance to scarification, and eggs recovered from coot droppings did not hatch.

Our experiments demonstrated that T. v. verticalis cannot be considered to have eggs resistant to desiccation or gut passage. However, the dispersal of eggs on legs of flamingos or other waterbirds may occur as rare events. This epizoochory of eggs could potentially contribute to the expansion and gene flow of T. v. verticalis around the Mediterranean region.
Methane emissions respond to soil temperature in convergent patterns but divergent sensitivities across wetlands along altitude
Authors: Zhu Dan , Wu Ning , Bhattarai Nabin , Oli Krishna Prasad , Chen Huai , Rawat Gopal Singh , Rashid Irfan , Dhakal Maheshwar , Joshi Srijana , Tian Jianqing , Zhu Qiu’an , Chaudhary Sunita , Tshering Kuenzang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmong the global coordinated patterns in soil temperature and methane emission from wetlands, a declining trend of optimal soil temperature for methane emissions from low to high latitudes has been witnessed, while the corresponding trend along the altitudinal gradient has not yet been investigated. We therefore selected two natural wetlands located at contrasting climatic zones from foothill and mountainside of Nepal Himalayas, to test: (1) whether the optimal temperature for methane emissions decreases from low to high altitude, and (2) whether there is a difference in temperature sensitivity of methane emissions from those wetlands. We found significant spatial and temporal variation of methane emissions between the two wetlands and seasons. Soil temperature was the dominant driver for seasonal variation in methane emissions from both wetlands, though its effect was perplexed by the level of standing water, aquatic plants, and dissolved organic carbon, particularly in the deep water area. When integrative comparison was conducted by adding the existing data from wetlands of diverse altitudes, and the latitude‐for‐altitude effect was taken into account, we found the baseline soil temperatures decrease whilst the altitude rises with respect to a rapid increase in methane emission from all wetlands, however, remarkably higher sensitivity of methane emissions to soil temperature (apparent Q10) was found in mid‐altitude wetland. We provide the first evidence of an apparent decline in optimal temperature for methane emissions with increasing elevation. These findings suggest a convergent pattern of methane emissions with respect to seasonal temperature shifts from wetlands along altitudinal gradient, while a divergent pattern in temperature sensitivities exhibits a single peak in mid‐altitude.
Infrastructure of mobility: navigating borders, cities and markets
Authors: HWANG MARIA CECILIA 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, which is based on research conducted in Hong Kong from 2010 to 2013, and again in 2018, I analyse the region‐bound circulation of independent women sex workers from the Philippines across the Asian global cities of Hong Kong, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, and Macau. Migrating as visa‐free tourists, they maintain a valid immigration status and maximize their income in the informal economy by adopting a step‐down transient mobility pattern characterized by a downward hierarchical circulation to multiple city‐states and country destinations. As I show, their multinational migration is produced and structured through the instrumentalization of a mobility infrastructure constituted by a regime of visa‐free circulation, transportation developments, commercialized migration services, and social networks. In this article, I attempt to extend the contemporary analysis of unauthorized migration by moving away from the prevailing focus on incorporation and settlement and towards an examination of the logics and mechanics of migration flows that occur outside state‐sanctioned channels.
Efficacy of direct pulp capping for management of cariously exposed pulps in permanent teeth: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cushley S. , Duncan H. F. , Lappin M. J. , Chua P. , Elamin A. D. , Clarke M. , El‐Karim I. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe outcome of vital pulp treatment after carious pulp exposure is multifactorial and related to the procedure, biomaterial and pre‐operative pulpal diagnosis.ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis determining the outcome of direct pulp capping (DPC) in mature permanent teeth with a cariously exposed pulp and a clinical diagnosis of reversible pulpitis, and ascertain whether the capping material influences the outcome.MethodsSources: MEDLINE Ovid‐SP, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase and Web of Science until April 2020. Inclusion: Prospective, retrospective cohort studies and randomized trials investigating DPC outcome or comparing different capping materials after carious pulp exposure. Exclusion: Primary teeth, mechanical, traumatic or not specified pulp exposure, teeth with irreversible pulpitis or no pulpal diagnosis. Risk of bias assessed using Cochrane and modified Downs and Black quality assessment checklist. Meta‐analysis on combined clinical/radiographic outcome was performed using a random effect model. Success was defined as absence of signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis, apical periodontitis or loss of pulp vitality.ResultsQuality assessment highlighted four non‐randomized studies to be of fair and five of poor quality. Four randomized trials had a high risk of bias. The pooled success rate differed based on material and follow‐up. Calcium hydroxide success rate was 74% at 6‐months, 65% at 1‐year, 59% at 2–3 years and 56% at 4–5 years. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) success was 91%, 86%, 84% and 81% at the same time points. Biodentine success was 96% at 6‐months, 86% at 1 year and 86% at 2–3 years. The meta‐analysis revealed MTA had better success than calcium hydroxide at 1‐year (OR 2.66, 95% CI; 1.46‐ 4.84, P = 0.001) and 2‐ to 3‐year follow‐up (OR 2.21, 95% CI; 1.42–3.44, P = 0.0004). There was no difference between MTA and Biodentine.DiscussionThese results were based on poor methodological quality studies. The effect size for of MTA vs Ca(OH)2, although modest, was consistent with narrow CI.ConclusionsLow‐quality evidence suggests a high success rate for direct pulp capping in teeth with cariously exposed pulps with better long‐term outcomes for MTA and Biodentine compared with calcium hydroxide.
Physico‐chemical and sensory properties of chips produced using different lupin (Lupinus albus L.) flour formulations and cooking methods
Authors: Özcan Mehmet Musa , İpek Duygu , Ghafoor Kashif , Al Juhaimi Fahad , Uslu Nurhan , Babiker Elfadil E. , Mohamed Ahmed Isam A. , Alsawmahi Omer N. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryDevelopment of novel snack foods is an important area of research, and different ingredients are being tested to develop and process new formulations. In this study, lupin chips prepared using different formulations (hulled lupin, whole lupin, wheat and corn flours) were cooked using baking and frying, and changes in the sensory and colour parameters, acrylamide contents, fat absorption, peroxide number and p‐anisidine values of the final products were studied. Lupin flour significantly changed p‐anisidine value of chips. Addition of lupin flour and cooking methods affected the colour, fat absorption and peroxide values. Significant differences in chemical properties of chips made from whole and hulled lupin flours were also observed. Acrylamide was not detected in all the formulations studied. The lupin chips have increased brightness (L*), no acrylamides, reduced peroxide and p‐anisidine values and acceptable sensory quality; hence, this ingredient is recommendable for use in snack foods.
Using bifactor models to identify faking on Big Five questionnaires
Authors: Hendy Nhung , Krammer Georg , Schermer Julie Aitken , Biderman Michael D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo identify faking, bifactor models were applied to Big Five personality data in three studies of laboratory and applicant samples using within‐subjects designs. The models were applied to homogenous data sets from separate honest, instructed faking, applicant conditions, and to simulated applicant data sets containing random individual responses from honest and faking conditions. Factor scores from the general factor in a bifactor model were found to be most highly related to response condition in both types of data sets. Domain factor scores from the faking conditions were found less affected by faking in measurement of Big Five domains than summated scale scores across studies. We conclude that bifactor models are efficacious in assessing the Big Five domains while controlling for faking.
Prepared to fake? The relationship between applicants’ job interview preparation and faking
Authors: Schudlik Kevin , Reinhard Marc‐André , Müller Patrick 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMultiple frameworks and models postulate an effect of job interview preparation on faking. Two studies were conducted to examine if applicants’ interview preparation is correlated with higher faking. Besides analyzing the general extent of preparation, we also distinguished between different preparation categories. In Study 1 (N = 237), a presented preparation video led to higher intentions on image protection but did not increase overall faking intentions. Study 2 (N = 206) focused on past preparation and impression management (IM). The total time spent on preparation was positively correlated with faking. Applicants’ preparation via online videos and professional interview preparation was correlated with higher deceptive and honest IM. Preparation via online videos was additionally correlated with a higher perceived interview difficulty.
Determination of stress, depression and burnout levels of front‐line nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Murat Merve , Köse Selmin , Savaşer Sevim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAll healthcare professionals, especially nurses, are affected psychosocially due to reasons such as uncertainty and work intensity experienced during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In this descriptive study, it was aimed to determine the stress, depression and burnout levels of front‐line nurses. Data were obtained from 705 nurses who worked at hospitals during the COVID‐19 pandemic between May and July 2020, using a Personal Information Form, the Perceived Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Maslach Burnout Inventory. The data collection tools were sent online to nurse managers, requesting front‐line nurses to answer the forms and scales. The nurses were mostly women and had bachelor’s degrees, single and worked as nurses for between 1 and 10 years. They had high levels of stress and burnout and moderate depression. Those who were younger and had fewer years of work experience felt inadequate about nursing care and had higher levels of stress and burnout. More burnout was detected in nurses who had a positive COVID‐19 test and did not want to work voluntarily during the pandemic. The authors suggest that preventive and promotive interventions in mental health should be planned and implemented to improve the mental health and maintain the well‐being of front‐line nurses during the pandemic, and to prepare nurses who may work during pandemics in the future.
A road map for designing and reporting clinical trials in paediatric dentistry
Authors: Araujo Mariana Pinheiro , Al‐Yaseen Waraf , Innes Nicola Patricia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnless clinical trials are well‐designed, there is a risk that they will not be usable to improve patient care.AimThis paper discusses some factors important in designing clinical trials in paediatric dentistry. It uses the prevention and management of dental caries in children as the lens through which to look at these.FindingsAmongst the factors to consider are clear research questions and objectives; appropriate outcomes and outcome measures; sample size calculation and the level of randomisation; methods for random allocation; and operator/assessor training. Experts in trial design including statisticians and a trialist should be consulted early in the design process. The aspects of trial design unique to cariology trials such as ‘clustering’ of data items, mixed dentition issues and those related to trials involving children (communication, consent etc) should be considered. Comprehensive reporting of trial results is essential.ConclusionThere are many readily available resources and tools to help the researcher design a trial of good quality that will yield results useful to the research community and beyond, to those who will implement the findings and ultimately those who will benefit from them.