bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Struggling to make a difference against the odds: a synthesis of qualitative research on women leading schools in Zimbabwe
Authors: Moyo Zvisinei , Perumal Juliet , Hallinger Philip 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis paper reports on results of a systematic research synthesis of 25 studies on women in educational leadership and management in Zimbabwe. The aim of this systematic review of research was to report conclusions drawn from a synthesis of findings from studies of gender and educational leadership in Zimbabwe.Design/methodology/approachThe review used systematic methods to identify 25 research studies that examined women leading schools in Zimbabwe. Research synthesis methods used for qualitative research studies were employed in order to identify three broad themes and related subthemes across the studies.FindingsThe review identified three themes: (1) barriers to women gaining access to management positions, (2) female ways of leading, (3) context challenges for women leaders. Both barriers to gaining positions and context challenges faced in enactment of the leadership role are described. These consist of an intertwined web of personal, institutional and cultural challenges. Women's ways of leading were characterized as collegial, collaborative and caring.Research limitations/implicationsThree implications are identified. First is a need for better statistical information on gender representation in Zimbabwe and other African countries. Second is a need to design and implement training, mentoring and networking support programs for female leaders in Zimbabwe. Finally, the authors recommend that future research move toward the use of mixed methods research designs capable of achieving complementary research goals of gaining a broad perspective on the effects of female leadership and in-depth understanding of how those are achieved.Originality/valueEmpirical studies of female leadership is especially urgent in Africa where particular features embedded in the cultural context shape female access to leadership role and attitude towards efforts of women to lead.
Exchange rate effect on money demand in Pakistan
Authors: Zehra Iffat , Kashif Muhammad , Chhapra Imran Umer 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to examine association of money demand with key macroeconomic variables in Pakistan. The paper also investigates the asymmetric effect of real effective exchange rate (REER) on money demand.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs both linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model. Annual data from 1970 to 2018 is used which is subjected to non-linearity through partial sum concept. Empirical analysis is conducted to prove if money demand is influenced by currency appreciation or depreciation, for long and short run.FindingsCointegration test indicates existence of a long-run relationship between money demand and its determinants. Results from NARDL model suggest negative relation between money demand and inflation in long and short run. Real income shows positive but a very minimal and insignificant effect on money demand in long and short run. Impact of call money rates is statistically significant and negative on M1 and M2. Wald tests and differing coefficient sign confirm presence of asymmetric relation of REER in long run with M2, whereas in short run we observe a linear, symmetrical relation of REER with M1 and M2. Stability diagnostic tests (CUSUM and CUSUMSQ) verify stability of M2 demand model in Pakistan.Practical implicationsResults signify that role of money demand is imperative as a monetary policy tool and it can be utilized to achieve objective of price stability. Additionally, exchange rate movements should be critically examined by monetary authorities to avoid inflationary pressures resulting from an increase in demand for broad monetary aggregate.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to scarce monetary literature on asymmetrical effects of exchange rate in Pakistan. Impact of variables has been studied through linear approach, but this paper is unique since it attempts to explore non-linear relationships.
A reliability-based and sustainability-informed maintenance optimization considering risk attitudes for telecommunications equipment
Authors: Karevan Ali , Tee Kong Fah , Vasili Mohammadreza 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis study presents a reliability-based and sustainability-informed maintenance optimization model for telecommunications equipment. It considers several risk attributes associated with sustainability dimensions (i.e. social, economic and environmental aspects).Design/methodology/approachMany companies have developed long-term strategies to promote higher resource utilization, which has led to a paradigm shift in the role of maintenance. In parallel, reliability has been recognized as a fundamental factor in characterizing the optimal blend of maintenance strategies for a given system. It is essential for accurate failure prediction, which contributes toward more efficient use of all resources.FindingsThe corresponding subattributes are identified based on expert opinions and then incorporated into the proposed model. Subsequently, using the multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), the proposed sustainability risks together with the maintenance costs are optimized, and the proper blend of maintenance strategies is identified.Originality/valueEffective management of all human and natural resources, which are particularly emphasized by the concept of sustainability, has attracted much attention in recent years. However, contributions that effectively apply this concept in maintenance problems are very few and very few studies have attempted to quantify sustainability.
Effect of authoritarian leadership on user resistance to change: evidence from IS project implementation in China
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Gao Peiran , Zhang Junwei , Lu Lu 
Published: August 2020

PurposeUser resistance to change has been identified as a significant cause of information system (IS) implementation failure. Previous studies have proposed antecedents of user resistance to change. However, whether project leadership (e.g. authoritarian leadership) can lead to user resistance to change remains unclear. By drawing on project leadership, affective event theory and contingency theory of leadership, the authors address this void by empirically examining whether authoritarian leadership can lead to user resistance to change through the mediation of negative emotion and whether the magnitude of this mediation depends on the power distance level.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines the authors’ research model that integrates authoritarian leadership, negative emotion, power distance and user resistance to change using data from a matched-pair survey of 278 users and their supervisors involved in IS project implementation in China.FindingsNegative emotion plays a mediating role in the relationship of authoritarian leadership and user resistance to change. In addition, power distance moderates the relationship between authoritarian leadership and negative emotion and the indirect effect of authoritarian leadership on user resistance to change in IS project implementation through negative emotion.Originality/valueThe authors’ research provides a comprehensive understanding of the antecedents of user resistance to change in IS project implementation and ultimately contributes to the IS project implementation literature and practice.
Pathogenicity of clinical Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from Thailand in a mouse colitis model
Authors: Sarichai Phinitphong , Buddhasiri Songphon , Walters Georgia E. , Khantawa Banyong , Kaewsakhorn Thattawan , Chantarasakha Kanittha , Tepaamorndech Surapun , Thiennimitr Parameth 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium [STM]) is a leading cause of nontyphoidal salmonellosis (NTS) worldwide. The pathogenesis of NTS has been studied extensively using a streptomycin‐pretreated mouse colitis model with the limited numbers of laboratory STM strains. However, the pathogenicity of the clinically isolated STM (STMC) strains endemic in Thailand in mice has not been explored. The aim of this study was to compare the pathogenicity of STMC strains collected from Northern Thailand with the laboratory STM (IR715) in mice. Five STMC isolates were obtained from the stool cultures of patients with acute NTS admitted to Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital in 2016 and 2017. Detection of virulence genes and sequence type (ST) of the strains was performed. Female C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with streptomycin sulfate 1 day prior to oral infection with STM. On Day 4 postinfection, mice were euthanized, and tissues were collected to analyze the bacterial numbers, tissue inflammation, and cecal histopathological score. We found that all five STMC strains are ST34 and conferred the same or reduced pathogenicity compared with that of IR715 in mice. A strain‐specific effect of ST34 on mouse gut colonization was also observed. Thailand STM ST34 exhibited a significant attenuated systemic infection in mice possibly due to the lack of spvABC‐containing virulence plasmid.
The moral justification and practice of intergovernmental equalisation grants to local government – A subsidiarity perspective
Authors: Drew Joseph , Miyazaki Masato 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDecentralised government – such as local government – allows for better tailoring of goods and services and hence higher levels of economic welfare. However, inequities in wealth can mean that some local governments experience difficulty trying to provide for the needs of their citizens. To try to mitigate these disparities, most systems of local government feature a program of untied equalisation grant transfers. However, proponents of equalisation grants schemes have struggled to provide a convincing moral justification for the practice: often scholars resort to rather unconvincing appeals to Pigou's famous normative dictum that equals should be treated equally. We propose that the natural law Principle of Subsidiarity is a more appropriate and robust moral justification for equalisation grant transfers. Moreover, we show how adoption of a subsidiarity justification would lead to improved grants practice that could be expected to avoid some of the serious problems that plague existing equalisation grant schemes.
Assembling organ donation: situating organ donation in hospital practice
Authors: Bea Sara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article I argue for the need to situate deceased organ donation in and as a hospital practice. This study puts the spotlight on the practical conditions that enable and emplace organ donation in the hospital setting. The analytical move serves the political purpose to inform and interrogate dominant policy framings intended to address the problem of organ shortage. I present an ethnographic investigation that draws upon a Science and Technology Studies (STS) approach to make visible the sociomaterial arrangements that bring together people, things and politics in the assembling of organ donation at a Catalan hospital. A progressive and indeterminate process which might fall through and become disassembled at any given time. This, as I explain, challenges current opt‐out policy that unnecessarily reduces donation to an individual choice to be decided upon in life. Instead, and drawing on ethnographic materials, I propose a situated and relational understanding of organ donation: an embedded health care and procurement practice enacted as a collective accomplishment. I conclude that (more) responsible donation policies need to be informed by, and attuned to, the situated practicalities and enduring tensions that condition and constrain the assembling of organ donation at the hospital setting.
Information Barriers to Adoption of Agricultural Technologies: Willingness to Pay for Certified Seed of an Open Pollinated Maize Variety in Northern Uganda
Authors: Mastenbroek Astrid , Sirutyte Irma , Sparrow Robert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe examine smallholder farmers’ willingness to pay for agricultural technology and whether information is a constraint to adoption of certified maize seed in Northern Uganda. The uptake of improved maize varieties by smallholder farmers in Uganda remains persistently low, despite the higher yield potential compared to traditional varieties. A recently growing body of literature identifies information constraints as a potential barrier to adoption of agricultural technologies. We used incentive compatible Becker‐DeGroot‐Marschak auctions to elicit willingness to pay for quality assured improved maize seed by 1,009 smallholder farmers, and conducted a randomised evaluation to test the effect of an information intervention on farmers’ knowledge of seed certification. Our results show that the randomised information treatment enhanced farmers’ knowledge of certified seed. However, using the information treatment as an instrumental variable for knowledge, we find no evidence of a causal effect of knowledge on willingness to pay, suggesting that even though farmers are information constrained, this constraint does not affect adoption of certified seed directly. Nevertheless, only 14% of sampled farmers were willing to pay the market price, which corresponds closely with actual observed demand for certified seed in the previous season. This suggests that there are other barriers to adoption than information and awareness.
Postmortem Liver and Kidney Tissue Concentrations of Heroin Biomarkers and Their Metabolites in Heroin‐Related Fatalities*†
Authors: Al‐Asmari Ahmed I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA method was developed and validated for analyzing 6‐monoacetylmorphine, morphine, 6‐acetylcodeine, and codeine in routine postmortem liver and kidney specimens using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Samples were prepared with a Stomacher instrument followed by solid‐phase extraction. All calibration curves [0.5–1000 ng/g] were linear with coefficients of determination greater than 0.99 and limits of quantification of 1.0 ng/g. Within‐run precision ranged between 2.0% and 8.0%, between‐run precision ranged between 1.0% and 9.0%, and accuracy ranged between −5.0% and +3.0%. Matrix effects ranged from −18% to +9%. After matrix effects were excluded, analytical recoveries ranged from 76% to 94%. The distributions of 6‐monoacetylmorphine, morphine, 6‐acetylcodeine, and codeine were investigated in 31 postmortem cases in which heroin was the primary cause of death. In the current study, the median free morphine ratios were calculated for liver to blood and kidney to blood, which were 2.2 and 4.0, respectively. The current report highlights the importance of testing multiple specimens, including liver and kidney, in heroin‐related deaths, especially if no blood samples are available. Furthermore, this work presents new information regarding the distribution of heroin metabolites in liver and kidney.
What is the distribution of Aortic Dissection Detection Risk Score in an undifferentiated emergency department chest pain population?
Authors: Rawicki Amiel J , Klim Sharon , Kelly Anne‐Maree 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the distribution of Aortic Dissection Detection Risk Score (ADDRS) in undifferentiated chest pain patients.MethodsProspective observational study of adult patients presenting to the ED with non‐traumatic chest pain.ResultsOf 139 patients studied, more than 75% of patients has an ADDRS ≥1, mainly because of the report of severe pain. There were no aortic dissections. In patients with non‐specific chest pain, testing driven by the ADDRS protocol would have seen a 280% increase in d‐dimer testing and 2200% increase in computed tomography aortogram rates.ConclusionWidespread use of the ADDRS and its investigation protocol cannot be supported.
Effect of allicin and its mechanism of action in purine removal in turbot
Authors: Li Tingting , Ren Likun , Wang Dangfeng , Song Minjie , Li Qiuying , Li Jianrong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLow‐purine food is not only the focus of gout patients, but also the focus of contemporary green diet development. Fish are usually considered as high‐purine foodstuff because of the high nutritional value and high purine content. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce purine content in fish to ensure that they are suitable for patients with hyperuricemia or gout. In this study, the effect of allicin on purine reduction in turbot during cooking was investigated using high‐performance liquid chromatography, and the change of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity was also studied. Molecular docking analysis was further performed to elucidate the mechanism of purine reduction by allicin. The results revealed that in the step of soaking, allicin could reduce purine content in fish by slightly enhancing XO activity, promoting hypoxanthine transformation into xanthine. The removal of total purines in experimental and control group reached 70.45% and 57.20%, respectively. Moreover, allicin could change the thermal stability of xanthine by providing an acidic environment, resulting in the rapid decrease of xanthine and hypoxanthine levels by boiling. Thus, this study provides a simple method to decrease purine levels, suggesting a possibility that allicin can function as a purine remover in food.
Characterization of pecan shells and their effect on the physical properties and acceptability of smoked chicken breast
Authors: Fu Wenqian , Kerr William L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPecan shells were used as a source of smoke for cooked chicken breast and compared with samples smoked with hickory, mesquite, and apple tree wood. The wood moisture content ranged from 7.94% to 11.43%, whereas ash ranged from 0.97% to 3.11%. The particle size varied among the smoke sources, with chopped pecan shells having more pieces in the “coarse” category. Several properties related to quality of the cooked meat were measured including moisture content, water activity, color, cook loss, expressible moisture, and maximum shear force. Moisture content ranged from 70.13% to 71.72%, whereas pH ranged from 6.39 to 6.43. Chicken breasts smoked with pecan shells were darker (L*= 72.86 compared to 74.94 to 76.57) and slightly redder (a*= 5.71;b*= 25.70) than other samples. Color development was localized to the surface of the meat. Cooking loss did not differ significantly among the samples (26.13% to 27.03%) nor did expressible moisture (9.68% to 11.87%). Meat tenderness was assessed by shear values, but did not differ among the samples. Consumer panels showed that all samples were well liked. Samples smoked with mesquite had slightly lower scores for flavor and overall likability, whereas the scores for samples smoked with hickory, apple, or pecan shells were no different.Practical ApplicationMany meat products are cooked in the presence of smoke produced from burning hardwoods. This work shows that smoke can be produced from waste pecan shells, resulting in chicken breast with similar yield, texture, moisture retention, and acceptability as that smoked with hickory, mesquite, or apple tree wood.
Effects of the addition of waxy and normal hull‐less barley flours on the farinograph and pasting properties of composite flours and on the nutritional value, textural qualities, and in vitro digestibility of resultant breads
Authors: Liu Juan , Li Qiao , Zhai Huisheng , Zhang Yuhong , Zeng Xingquan , Tang Yawei , Tashi Nyima , Pan Zhifen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHull‐less barley (HLB), especially waxy HLB, contains many physiologically active ingredients; however, its poor processing performance and end‐product quality are unfavorable. In this study, 80% waxy or normal HLB wholegrain flour (WGF) and 20% wheat flour were used for baking bread. The farinograph and pasting properties of composite powders, and the nutritional value, textural properties, and in vitro hydrolysis of resultant breads were evaluated. The addition of a high proportion of HLB WGFs significantly increased the nutritional value of breads, especially the β‐glucan contents of waxy HLB breads. The addition of HLB WGFs and a suitable amount of wheat gluten led to a lower degree of softening of HLB bread flours but improved its farinograph characteristics, such as higher water absorption rate, development time, stability time, and farinograph quality number. Although the sensory profiles of HLB breads were considerably lower than those of wheat bread, they still received a good overall acceptability from a panel of sensory evaluators. HLB breads, particularly the waxy types, exhibited higher hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and lower specific volume, glycemic index and equilibrium concentration in starch hydrolysis. After baking, the starch crystallinity of dough changed from A to V type, and the relative crystallinity decreased. Overall, waxy HLB breads had more nutritional value than normal HLB breads. Higher β‐glucan and total dietary fiber content in HLB might have a positive effect on the nutritional value of the resultant breads. However, high β‐glucan and total dietary fiber was also accompanied by a negative effect on the sensory quality and processing performance of the end product.Practical ApplicationThe composite flour with 80 g hull‐less barley wholegrain flour, 20 g wheat flour, and 30 g wheat gluten can be substituted in breadmaking. Compared to wheat bread, hull‐less barley bread exhibited different but acceptable sensory properties and had more nutritional value, particularly the waxy one. Therefore, a high proportion of hull‐less barley could be recommended for bread production.
Primary signet‐ring cell carcinoma of the lung: A report of seven cases
Authors: Wang Yi , Wang Yan , Li Jialong , Che Guowei 
Published: August 2020

Signet‐ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is an extremely rare subtype of adenocarcinoma with aggressive behavior that usually occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, prostate or breast. In this study, we described the clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of, and the therapeutic strategies for seven patients with primary SRCC of the lung from Sichuan University West China Hospital to enhance our understanding of this kind of tumor. According to the information presented herein, it is believed that patients with primary pulmonary SRCC can live for a long time if the cancer is diagnosed early and treated actively. However, more investigations are still needed due to the limited reports about primary SRCC of the lung.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study
Primary signet‐ring cell carcinoma of the lung is an extremely rare subtype of lung adenocarcinoma and is relatively highly invasive.
What this study adds
Early diagnosis and positive treatment lead to a good prognosis for patients with signet‐ring cell carcinoma.