bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The degradable performance of bile‐duct stent based on a continuum damage model: A finite element analysis
Authors: Ni Xiaoyu , Zhang Yanhong , Pan Changwang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBiomedical magnesium alloy stents have become a hot bed of research focus in interventional therapy for nonvascular diseases. In this study, a numerical model for a balloon‐expandable bile duct stent made of magnesium alloy with laser sculpture is developed to predict the effects of the degradation of the stent on the biomechanical behavior in the stent‐bile duct coupling system. Based on a continuum damage model, the degradable model of the stent is built to understand its performance in an idealized bile duct as it is subject to corrosion over time. The degradation model developed in this study addresses the uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion. By means of the secondary development function of commercial numerical software ANSYS, the finite element analysis procedures were written to control the degradation process based on the technology of element “birth and death,” and it is shown how the three‐dimensional model and approach give the possibility of analyzing for the degradation mechanism of a magnesium alloy stent in the bile duct or other nonvascular cavities.
Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Near‐Infrared Photoreaction Mechanism of a Silicon Phthalocyanine Photoimmunotherapy Dye: Photoinduced Hydrolysis by Radical Anion Generation
Authors: Kobayashi Masato , Harada Mei , Takakura Hideo , Ando Kanta , Goto Yuto , Tsuneda Takao , Ogawa Mikako , Taketsugu Tetsuya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLigand release from IR700, a silicon phthalocyanine dye used in near‐infrared (NIR) photoimmunotherapy, initiates cancer cell death after NIR absorption, although its photochemical mechanism has remained unclear. This theoretical study reveals that the direct Si‐ligand dissociation by NIR light is difficult to activate because of the high dissociation energy even in excited states, i. e., >1.30 eV. Instead, irradiation generates the IR700 radical anion, leading to acid‐base reactions with nearby water molecules (i. e., calculated pKb for the radical anion is 7.7) to produce hydrophobic ligand‐released dyes. This suggests two possibilities: (1) water molecules participate in ligand release and (2) light is not required for Si–ligand dissociation as formation of the IR700 radical anion is sufficient. Experimental evidence confirmed possibility (1) by using 18O‐labeled water as the solvent, while (2) is supported by the pH dependence of ligand exchange, providing a complete description of the Si‐ligand bond dissociation mechanism.
Reactive Extraction Enhanced by Synergic Microwave Heating: Furfural Yield Boost in Biphasic Systems
Authors: Ricciardi Luca , Verboom Willem , Lange Jean‐Paul , Huskens Jurriaan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReactive extraction is an emerging operation in the industry, particularly in biorefining. Here, reactive extraction was demonstrated, enhanced by microwave irradiation to selectively heat the reactive phase (for efficient reaction) without unduly heating the extractive phase (for efficient extraction). These conditions aimed at maximizing the asymmetries in dielectric constants and volumes of the reaction and extraction phases, which resulted in an asymmetric thermal response of the two phases. The efficiency improvement was demonstrated by dehydrating xylose (5 wt % in water) to furfural with an optimal yield of approximately 80 mol % compared with 60–65 mol % under conventional biphasic conditions, which corresponds to approximately 50 % reduction of byproducts.
Synthesis of Dicarboxylic Acids from Aqueous Solutions of Diols with Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex
Authors: Toyooka Genki , Fujita Ken‐ichi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA catalytic system for the synthesis of dicarboxylic acids from aqueous solutions of diols accompanied by the evolution of hydrogen was developed. An iridium complex bearing a functional bipyridonate ligand with N,N‐dimethylamino substituents exhibited a high catalytic performance for this type of dehydrogenative reaction. For example, adipic acid was synthesized from an aqueous solution of 1,6‐hexanediol in 97 % yield accompanied by the evolution of four equivalents of hydrogen by the present catalytic system. It should be noted that the simultaneous production of industrially important dicarboxylic acids and hydrogen, which is useful as an energy carrier, was achieved. In addition, the selective dehydrogenative oxidation of vicinal diols to give α‐hydroxycarboxylic acids was also accomplished.
Electrochemical Selective Recovery of Heavy Metal Vanadium Oxyanion from Continuously Flowing Aqueous Streams
Authors: Hemmatifar Ali , Ozbek Nil , Halliday Cameron , Hatton T. Alan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn electrochemical flow cell with redox‐active electrodes was used for selective removal and recovery of vanadium(V) oxyanions from aqueous streams. The cell relies on intrinsic affinity of the redox‐active polymer poly(vinyl)ferrocene (PVFc) and demonstrates selectivity of >10 towards vanadium compared to a background electrolyte in 40‐fold abundance. We demonstrate highly selective vanadium removal in the presence of various competing anions (i.e., fluoride, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate). Surface elemental analysis reveals significant correlation between PVFc moieties and vanadium‐rich regions after adsorption, corroborating the central role of PVFc modulation on vanadium separation. We further propose a vanadium speciation mechanism in which high and low pH environments during adsorption and desorption steps favor formation of, respectively, H2VO3−/ HVO42− and H2VO3−/ H3VO4/ VO2+. Results have implications for the development and optimization of flow devices, as per our observations, excessively low pH environments during desorption can lead to subsequent re‐adsorption of cationic vanadium(V).
Energy‐efficient multihop routing in WSN using the hybrid optimization algorithm
Authors: Vinitha Aljapur , Rukmini Mulpuri Santhi Sri , Sunehra Dhiraj 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe technical growth in the field of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has resulted in the process of collecting and forwarding the massive data between the nodes, which was a major challenge to the WSNs as it is associated with greater energy loss and delay. This resulted in the establishment of a routing protocol for the optimal selection of the multipath to progress the routing in WSNs. This paper proposes an energy‐efficient routing in WSNs using the hybrid optimization algorithm, cat–salp swarm algorithm (C‐SSA), which chooses the optimal hops in progressing the routing. Initially, the cluster heads (CHs) are selected using the low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol that minimizes the traffic in the network. The CHs are engaged in the multihop routing, and the selection of the optimal paths is based on the proposed hybrid optimization, which chooses the optimal hops based on the energy constraints, such as energy, delay, intercluster distance, intracluster distance, link lifetime, delay, and distance. The simulation results prove that the proposed routing protocol acquired minimal delay of 0.3165 with 50 nodes and two hops, maximal energy of 0.1521 with 50 nodes and three hops, maximal number of the alive nodes as 39 with 100 nodes and two hops, and average throughput of 0.9379 with 100 nodes and three hops.
Sexual function and dysfunction among women with anorexia nervosa: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Price Tom , Zebitz Martin , Giraldi Annamaria , Lokind Thea Stine , Treasure Janet , Sjögren Jan Magnus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveResearch suggests that a variety of biological and psychosocial factors are associated with the sexual health of women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN). This systematic scoping review, conducted in accordance to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Guidelines, synthesizes the current literature concerning sexual function and dysfunction in women with AN.MethodWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, and PsychInfo for literature published until April 2020. All study designs were eligible for inclusion, providing they focused on sexual function and dysfunction in women with AN. Studies that only included outcomes related to gender identity or sexual orientation were excluded.ResultsN = 28 studies met criteria for inclusion in the review. All studies were conducted in Western countries and the majority employed either a cohort or cross‐sectional design. Although measures of sexual function and dysfunction varied markedly across studies, most studies adopted a biopsychosocial framework. Libido may be linked to body mass index (BMI), while other aspects of sexual functioning and behavior might not be specifically associated with weight status. Limited data are available on evidence‐based interventions.DiscussionSexual dysfunction in women with AN is common. Although some of the variance is explained by low BMI, associated physiological sequelae and other psychosocial factors are also involved. Sexual dysfunction is a relevant clinical problem and clinicians should sensitively incorporate questions related to sexual function into their eating disorder assessments. Future research, using more robust designs and validated outcome measures, is needed to better understand causal pathways between the biological and psychosocial correlates of AN and sexual dysfunction. Identifying predictors of sexual function and dysfunction in more diverse groups of people with AN will support the development of evidence‐based therapies.
Conducting eating disorders research in the time of COVID‐19: A survey of researchers in the field
Authors: Weissman Ruth Striegel , Klump Kelly L. , Rose Jennifer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted research around the globe and required shuttering of research programs and the implementation of procedural adjustments to ensure safety. This study sought to document COVID‐19's impact on eating disorders (ED) research, which may be particularly susceptible to such disruptions, given its focus on individuals who are physically and emotionally vulnerable. We invited ED researchers from editorial boards and scientific organizations to complete a quantitative/qualitative survey about: COVID‐19's current and future impact on ED research; areas of concern about research disruptions; and effective strategies for conducting and supporting research during and after COVID‐19. Among 187 participants, many had moved studies online and/or shutdown part of their research. Across position types (permanent, 52.7%; temporary, 47.3%), participants reported high concern about data collection, recruitment, and securing future funding. Those holding temporary positions reported significantly greater concern about COVID‐19's impact on their career and greater stress than participants in permanent positions. Strategies for dealing with research disruptions included: employing technology; reprioritizing goals/tasks; and encouraging collaboration. Results underscore the high levels of stress and disruption caused by COVID‐19. We echo calls by our respondents for support for early career scholars and advocacy for additional resources for research and scientists.
Disparities in eating disorder risk and diagnosis among sexual minority college students: Findings from the national Healthy Minds Study
Authors: Hazzard Vivienne M. , Simone Melissa , Borg Skylar L. , Borton Kelley A. , Sonneville Kendrin R. , Calzo Jerel P. , Lipson Sarah K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine differences in eating disorder (ED) risk and diagnosis by sexual orientation in a national sample of college students.MethodData from 178 U.S. colleges and universities participating in the Healthy Minds Study between 2016 and 2019 were analyzed (36,691 cisgender men, 81,730 cisgender women; 15.7% self‐identifying as sexual minorities). Outcomes were ED risk (≥2 on the SCOFF) and self‐reported lifetime ED diagnosis. Prevalence estimates adjusted for demographics and weight status were computed via logistic regression.ResultsHigher proportions of questioning (29.1%), bisexual (26.3%), and gay men (30.9%) exhibited elevated risk than heterosexual men (14.3%), and a higher proportion of gay men exhibited elevated risk than bisexual men. Higher proportions of questioning (34.5%) and bisexual women (34.6%) exhibited elevated risk than heterosexual women (27.6%); proportions of lesbian (28.1%) and heterosexual women were similar. Among those with elevated risk, higher proportions of bisexual (5.0%) and gay men (7.1%) and of questioning (14.7%), bisexual (18.1%), and lesbian women (19.6%) had been diagnosed relative to heterosexual men (2.0%) and heterosexual women (10.3%), respectively.DiscussionQuestioning and bisexual individuals appear to be particularly vulnerable; they may experience elevated ED risk relative to their heterosexual peers yet underdiagnosis relative to their gay or lesbian peers.
A comparison of European eel Anguilla anguilla eDNA concentrations to fyke net catches in five Irish lakes
Authors: Weldon Laura , O’Leary Ciara , Steer Mark , Newton Lyn , Macdonald Heather , Sargeant Stephanie L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe European eel, Anguilla anguilla, is classified as critically endangered by the IUCN. To protect what remains of the European eel population, accurate monitoring methods for this species are important. Environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques are gaining popularity for ecological monitoring of aquatic organisms because they are sensitive and noninvasive. This study directly compared catch data from a standardized fyke‐net fishing survey with a single species A. anguilla eDNA survey in five freshwater lakes in Ireland. The eDNA was recovered by the filtration of water samples and amplified by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). European eel eDNA was reliably determined in 83% (70/84) of surface water samples collected from lakes classified as having high, medium, and low eel populations. In addition, there was a positive association between the eDNA concentrations recovered and the eel population classification with lower eDNA concentrations in lakes classified as low eel population lakes. Similar amounts of A. anguilla eDNA were detected in water samples collected from open water and shore‐side, suggesting shore sampling is an adequate method for eel detection. Together, the results demonstrate that eDNA sampling is more sensitive for detecting eel presence in low eel population environments than standard survey methods and may be a useful noninvasive tool for monitoring A. anguilla species distribution.
Experimental study on heat transfer of tunnel fire under the influence of longitudinal ventilation and water mist system
Authors: Zhang Yuchun , Zhang Kejian , Chen Longfei , Mao Pengfei 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIn this paper, the influence of longitudinal ventilation and water mist on the heat transfer of tunnel fire is carried out in the reduced‐scale model tunnel, and the results show that: Radiation heat flux dominates the heat transfer of the tunnel ceiling in the downstream of fire source, and the proportion of radiation heat flux decreases with the increase of longitudinal ventilation velocity. For the tunnel floor in the downstream of fire source, the proportion of radiation heat flux increases first then maintains in a stable value with the increase of longitudinal ventilation. The water mist will strengthen the combustion of the fire source to a certain extent, but for the tunnel space, the water mist and water vapor have the effect of absorbing and attenuating the radiation heat flux and total heat flux, and the attenuation effect will increase with the higher pressure of the water mist.
Overexpression of SikRbcs2 gene promotes chilling tolerance of tomato by improving photosynthetic enzyme activity, reducing oxidative damage, and stabilizing cell membrane structure
Authors: Zhang Li , Yang Jing , Guo Xinyong , Wang Aiying , Zhu Jianbo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRed blood cell is a small subunit encoding 1, 5‐ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (Rubisco). It could control the catalytic activity of Rubisco and play an important role in plant photosynthesis. SikRbcs2, a small subunit of Rubisco, is cloned from Saussurea involucrate. It has a strong low‐temperature photosynthetic and photorespiration ability, but its mechanism in cold tolerance remains to be unknown. The results of quantitative PCR showed that SikRbcS2 gene could be induced by low‐temperature, osmosis, and salt stress. Its expression was increased with the decrease of temperature, which was consistent with the habitat of Saussurea involucrata. Overexpression of Sikrbcs2 could significantly increase the mRNA expressions of SlrbcL and SlRCA in transgenic tomato seedlings. Furthermore, the activity and content of Rubisco and Rubisco activase (RCA) in transgenic tomato seedlings were also significantly higher than those in wild‐type plants. The contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids, soluble sugar, and starch in the leaves of transgenic plants were significantly higher than those in WT plants, as well as the plant height, leaf area, and dry matter weight. Moreover, compared with WT, MDA content was decreased, and activities of SOD, POD, CAT, and APX were significantly higher in transgenic lines. In conclusion, our results suggested that overexpression of SikRbcs2 can reduce the damage of low temperature on photosynthesis of tomato seedlings. It could help achieve relatively stable photosynthesis, enhance scavenging ROS ability of tomato seedlings, maintain stable membrane structure, and improve cold tolerance of tomato.
Experimental and numerical investigation of CO2–brine–rock interactions in the early Palaeozoic mudstones from the Polish part of the Baltic Basin at simulatedin situ conditions
Authors: Słomski Piotr , Mastalerz Maria , Szczepański Jacek , Derkowski Arkadiusz , Topór Tomasz , Lutyński Marcin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study discusses experiment‐induced alterations of shale rocks collected across the ordovician and silurian boundary at a potential site for carbon dioxide sequestration located in the Polish part of the Baltic Basin. Mudstone samples submerged in brine in custom‐built reactors were subjected to CO2 pressures of 30–35 MPa at a temperature of 80°C for 40 days. After the experiments were completed, the mineralogical composition of the studied rocks, their porosity characteristics, and chemistry of brines were analyzed and compared to the original compositions in order to detect experiment‐induced changes. Comparison of mineral composition before and after the experiments demonstrate a set of subtle but systematic mineral changes. The most conspicuous was a presence of Fe in the form of Fe‐oxyhydroxides that was related to the corrosion of the Fe‐bearing steel pipes supplying the experimental setup with CO2. This effect is important from the perspective of industrial carbon dioxide sequestration. However, the second source of Fe ions in experimental brines was related to the decomposition of chlorites, pyrite, and chloritized biotites. The suggested breakdown of pyrite is in line with the modification of the chemical composition of the experimental brines and observed transfer of S ions to the solution. The appearance of Mg and K ions in the experimental brines was related to the decomposition of chlorites and biotites. In turn, observed transfer of Sr cations to the solution could be attributed to the dissolution of biotites and K‐feldspars. The effects of analogue experiments were confronted with the results of geochemical modeling performed using the PHREEQC program. The numerical modeling not only allowed to reproduce all the main mineral and chemical changes postulated on the basis of our analogue experiment, but also enabled to put constraints on the time scale of occurring geochemical processes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6 gene‐specific alterations and tumor mutational burden in 1057 microsatellite instability‐high solid tumors
Authors: Salem Mohamed E. , Bodor J. Nicholas , Puccini Alberto , Xiu Joanne , Goldberg Richard M. , Grothey Axel , Korn W. Michael , Shields Anthony F. , Worrilow William M , Kim Edward S. , Lenz Heinz‐Josef , Marshall John L. , Hall Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicrosatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) are predictive biomarkers for immune‐checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Still, the relationship between the underlying cause(s) of MSI and TMB in tumors remains poorly defined. We investigated associations of TMB to mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression patterns by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and MMR mutations in a diverse sample of tumors. Hypothesized differences were identified by the protein/gene affected/mutated and the tumor histology/primary site. Overall, 1057 MSI‐H tumors were identified from the 32 932 tested. MSI was examined by NGS using 7000+ target microsatellite loci. TMB was calculated using only nonsynonymous missense mutations sequenced with a 592‐gene panel; a subset of MSI‐H tumors also had MMR IHC performed. Analyses examined TMB by MMR protein heterodimer impacted (loss of MLH1/PMS2 vs. MSH2/MSH6 expression) and gene‐specific mutations. The sample was 54.6% female; mean age was 63.5 years. Among IHC tested tumors, loss of co‐expression of MLH1/PMS2 was more common (n = 544/705, 77.2%) than loss of MSH2/MSH6 (n = 81/705, 11.5%; P < .0001), and was associated with lower mean TMB (MLH1/PMS2: 25.03 mut/Mb vs MSH2/MSH6 46.83 mut/Mb; P < .0001). TMB also varied by tumor histology: colorectal cancers demonstrating MLH1/PMS2 loss had higher TMBs (33.14 mut/Mb) than endometrial cancers (20.60 mut/Mb) and other tumors (25.59 mut/Mb; P < .0001). MMR gene mutations were detected in 42.0% of tumors; among these, MSH6 mutations were most common (25.7%). MSH6 mutation patterns showed variability by tumor histology and TMB. TMB varies by underlying cause(s) of MSI and tumor histology; this heterogeneity may contribute to differences in response to ICI.
The role of SIRT2 in cancer: A novel therapeutic target
Authors: Chen Guangyuan , Huang Peng , Hu Cong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSirtuin 2 (SIRT2) belongs to the sirtuins family. It exists in many tissues and organs of the human body and regulates a wide range of biological functions. Studies have found that the abnormal expression of SIRT2 was associated with a variety of malignant tumors. SIRT2 possesses an important role in tumorigenesis, with both tumor‐promoting and tumor‐suppressing function. However, the mechanisms in which SIRT2 plays the roles in cancer are still controversial. This article reviews the role and molecular mechanism of SIRT2 in tumor evolution, and provides ideas for future research in this field, to guide the targeted therapy and drug development of related malignancies.