bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Bias in Polygenic Risk Prediction Models for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Gola Damian , Erdmann Jeanette , Läll Kristi , Mägi Reedik , Müller-Myhsok Bertram , Schunkert Heribert , König Inke R. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Individual risk prediction based on genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRSs) using millions of genetic variants has attracted much attention. It is under debate whether PRS models can be applied—without loss of precision—to populations of similar ethnic but different geographic background than the one the scores were trained on. Here, we examine how PRS trained in population-specific but European data sets perform in other European subpopulations in distinguishing between coronary artery disease patients and healthy individuals.

Methods:
We use data from UK and Estonian biobanks (UKB, EB) as well as case-control data from the German population (DE) to develop and evaluate PRS in the same and different populations.

Results:
PRSs have the highest performance in their corresponding population testing data sets, whereas their performance significantly drops if applied to testing data sets from different European populations. Models trained on DE data revealed area under the curves in independent testing sets in DE: 0.6752, EB: 0.6156, and UKB: 0.5989; trained on EB and tested on EB: 0.6565, DE: 0.5407, and UKB: 0.6043; trained on UKB and tested on UKB: 0.6133, DE: 0.5143, and EB: 0.6049.

Conclusions:
This result has a direct impact on the clinical usability of PRS for risk prediction models using PRS: a population effect must be kept in mind when applying risk estimation models, which are based on additional genetic information even for individuals from different European populations of the same ethnicity.
Endotoxinemia Accelerates Atherosclerosis Through Electrostatic Charge–Mediated Monocyte Adhesion
Authors: Schumski Ariane , Ortega-Gómez Almudena , Wichapong Kanin , Winter Carla , Lemnitzer Patricia , Viola Joana R. , Pinilla-Vera Mayra , Folco Eduardo , Solis-Mezarino Victor , Völker-Albert Moritz , Maas Sanne L. , Pan Chang , Perez Olivares Laura , Winter Janine , Hackeng Tilman , Karlsson Mikael C.I. , Zeller Tanja , Imhof Axel , Baron Rebecca M. , Nicolaes Gerry A.F. , Libby Peter , Maegdefessel Lars , Kamp Frits , Benoit Martin , Döring Yvonne , Soehnlein Oliver 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Acute infection is a well-established risk factor of cardiovascular inflammation increasing the risk for a cardiovascular complication within the first weeks after infection. However, the nature of the processes underlying such aggravation remains unclear. Lipopolysaccharide derived from Gram-negative bacteria is a potent activator of circulating immune cells including neutrophils, which foster inflammation through discharge of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Here, we use a model of endotoxinemia to link acute infection and subsequent neutrophil activation with acceleration of vascular inflammation

Methods:
Acute infection was mimicked by injection of a single dose of lipopolysaccharide into hypercholesterolemic mice. Atherosclerosis burden was studied by histomorphometric analysis of the aortic root. Arterial myeloid cell adhesion was quantified by intravital microscopy.

Results:
Lipopolysaccharide treatment rapidly enhanced atherosclerotic lesion size by expansion of the lesional myeloid cell accumulation. Lipopolysaccharide treatment led to the deposition of NETs along the arterial lumen, and inhibition of NET release annulled lesion expansion during endotoxinemia, thus suggesting that NETs regulate myeloid cell recruitment. To study the mechanism of monocyte adhesion to NETs, we used in vitro adhesion assays and biophysical approaches. In these experiments, NET-resident histone H2a attracted monocytes in a receptor-independent, surface charge–dependent fashion. Therapeutic neutralization of histone H2a by antibodies or by in silico designed cyclic peptides enables us to reduce luminal monocyte adhesion and lesion expansion during endotoxinemia.

Conclusions:
Our study shows that NET-associated histone H2a mediates charge-dependent monocyte adhesion to NETs and accelerates atherosclerosis during endotoxinemia.
Verbal Argument Structure in the War Scroll
Authors: Screnock John 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This essay presents the results of an extended study of verbal argument structure in the War Scroll (1QM). I first establish a method based in generative linguistic theory. I then illustrate this method with a discussion of the argument structure of Qal ‮יצא‬‎ in 1QM and other Dead Sea Scrolls. Following this case study, I present the data from 1QM on verb argument structure—specifically, instances where 1QM adds evidence that is not covered in previous studies of the Dead Sea Scrolls. 1QM presents few developments from earlier Hebrew; I argue that such continuity is significant. I conclude with reflections on the implications of argument structure in 1QM for the study of ancient Hebrew.
Discovery of the female of Cymbasoma rochai Suárez-Morales & Dias, 2001 (Copepoda, Monstrilloida, Monstrillidae), the first Brazilian member of the C. longispinosum species-group
Authors: Suárez-Morales E. , Dias Cristina O. , Bonecker Sérgio L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Monstrilloid copepods are protelean parasites of marine benthic invertebrates; their juvenile stages are entirely endoparasitic and emerge from the host as free-living reproductive adult individuals that become part of the plankton. Linking both sexes of a monstrillid species is difficult because individuals of both sexes and members of different species can be collected together as planktonic adults. The Brazilian species Cymbasoma rochai Suárez-Morales & Dias, 2001, known from male specimens only, was recognized to have a strong resemblance to the nominal C. longispinosum, currently recognized as a well-defined species-group (Suárez-Morales, 2011). Hence, it was expectable that the female C. rochai would also resemble the species of the C. longispinosum species-group. Plankton surveys in Brazilian coastal areas yielded records of several female individuals reported as Cymbasoma cf. longispinosum. It is presumed that these are the females of C. rochai. The hitherto unknown female of C. rochai is herein described as such, and in addition revealed and described as a member of the widespread C. longispinosum species-group, now containing 11 species worldwide. This is the first confirmed record of a member of this group from Brazil and also the first known male of this species-group.
Burrow characteristics and temporal variation in burrow temperature of the fiddler crab Tubuca rosea (Tweedie, 1937) (Brachyura, Ocypodidae) in southern Thailand
Authors: Keeratipattarakarn Kanitta , Tina Fahmida Wazed , Jaroensutasinee Mullica , Jaroensutasinee Krisanadej , Chumsri Anantanit , Chumsri Isara 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the burrow temperature of large-sized male and female Tubuca rosea (Tweedie, 1937) crabs as well as the soil temperature near their burrows during the day and night. Burrow and soil temperatures were measured using temperature sensors and burrow characteristics were recorded. Both sexes built I- and J-shaped burrows. Female burrows were longer and deeper than male burrows, since female burrows act as breeding burrows in this species. J-shaped burrows were longer and slightly deeper than I-shaped ones. During the day, the burrow temperature was lower than the soil temperature; however, during the night, the opposite result was observed. The burrow length/depth was negatively correlated with the burrow temperature during the day, but these correlations were positive during the night. This study shows that the burrow characteristics of T. rosea modulate the inside temperature of the burrows, maintaining a suitable temperature for the crabs.
Correlation between morphometric characteristics and meat yield of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)
Authors: Xu Ye , Tang Qiong-Ying , Xia Zheng-Long , Gao Quan-Xin , Chen Shu-Chang , Yang Guo-Liang , Cheng Han-Liang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Meat yield is an important indicator of the commercial value of crustaceans. We investigated the correlations between morphometric characteristics and meat yield in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879), in order to determine which traits were correlated with high meat yield. The association between morphometric characteristics and meat yield were estimated using statistical methods, including correlation coefficients, determination coefficients, path coefficients, and regression equations. In the same “family” [= cultured lineage or strain], the meat yield of males was often slightly lower than that of females. The meat yield of different male morphotypes ranged from 19.90% to 38.12%, while that of different female stages ranged from 30.14% to 35.59%. Among male morphotypes, the “small male” had the largest meat yield, and “old blue claw” had the lowest meat yield (). Among the various female developmental stages, stage I had the largest meat yield, and stage III female had the lowest meat yield (). The multivariate linear regression equation for meat yield of males contained four independent variables, and the determination coefficient was 0.744. The regression equation for females contained five independent variables, and the determination coefficient was 0.456. The characteristics that had the largest direct positive effect for meat yield were abdominal weight/body weight in males (0.862) and body length in females (0.441). These results can provide reference data for selecting M. rosenbergii with high meat yield, in order to improve the economic benefit of the prawn processing industry.
Lydian Sardis and Its Sphere of Influence in the Light of Laboratory Analysis Results
Authors: Dupont Pierre , Lungu Vasilica 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Alongside its programme of chemical analyses of Archaic East Greek pottery, the Lyon Laboratory for Archaeometry has also looked into the field of Anatolian wares, first of all through additional samples from Lydian Sardis and from Kelainai, as well as with a small collection from Daskyleion. The results obtained enriched our data bank of valuable references on these sites and led to useful comparisons with the Greek settlements of Old Smyrna and Ephesus, both in close relationships with the Lydian sphere.
Citizenship Deprivation as a Counterterrorism Measure in Europe; Possible Follow-Up Scenarios, Human Rights Infringements and the Effect on Counterterrorism
Authors: Bolhuis Maarten P. , van Wijk Joris 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The departure of substantial numbers of ‘foreign fighters’ and the occurrence of terrorist attacks on European soil have prompted renewed interest in citizenship deprivation as a policy measure. This article aims to contribute to the debate on its utility as a counterterrorism measure by examining recent developments in citizenship deprivation legislation and its use in Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK; discussing the wide array of possible scenarios that may follow after an individual is deprived of citizenship; and analysing to what extent the various outcomes are instrumental in countering terrorism. It concludes that most of the outcomes are problematic from a human rights perspective, or counterproductive in the fight against terrorism as they may cause further marginalisation and radicalisation and can play into the hands of terrorist groups, may cause people to disappear from the radar, and may undermine crucial international cooperation.
‘Free In, Free Out’: Exploring Dutch Firewall Protections for Irregular Migrant Victims of Crime
Authors: Timmerman Ruben I. , Leerkes Arjen , Staring Richard , Delvino Nicola 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Real and perceived risks of deportation may compromise the effective right of irregular migrants to report to the police if they have been a victim of crime. Some localities have therefore introduced so-called ‘firewall protection’, providing a clear separation between the provision of public services and immigration enforcement. This article explores one such policy in the Netherlands: ‘free in, free out’. While the policy began as a local pilot project, in 2015 it was introduced at the national-level alongside implementation of EU Victim’s Rights Directive, and currently represents the only national-level example of ‘firewall protection’ for victims of crime in Europe. This article is based on a socio-legal study that included interviews with informants from governmental and non-governmental organisations. It documents the legal and social reasons for instituting the policy, while critically assessing the challenges in implementation. Finally, it discusses the lessons and opportunities for expanding firewall protection more broadly in a European context.
Explaining Duterte’s Rise and Rule: “Penal Populist” Leadership or a Structural Crisis of Oligarchic Democracy in the Philippines?
Authors: Thompson Mark R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Two influential explanations of Duterte’s surprising rise and rule are his “penal populist” leadership style and a structural crisis of oligarchic democracy. The populist leadership perspective explains “too little” about the extreme violence of Duterte’s illiberal rule and the vulnerability of the prevailing political order to it. The oligarchic-democracy-in-crisis view, on the other hand, explains “too much” because it is overly generalized and determinist, thus unable to account for what in particular triggered Duterte’s rise despite political stability and economic growth. The article offers a third explanation that integrates a leadership perspective into an oligarchic framework using a “structuration” approach. It focuses on how Duterte’s leadership style enabled him to take advantage of a disjunctive moment in the country’s “liberal reformist” political structure, a distinct subset of oligarchic democracy.
Prémare’s Notitia Linguæ Sinicæ, 1728-1893: the Journey of a Language Textbook
Authors: Kua Paul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article retells the story of a Chinese language textbook, the Notitia linguæ sinicæ, written by a Catholic missionary in China for the use of Catholic missionaries to that country, and eventually printed by a Catholic mission press in China for the same purpose. It would have been a simple and short tale, if not for the fact that this many-faceted journey took one-hundred-and-sixty-five years to complete, involved crossing and re-crossing the two leading Christian traditions of Catholicism and Protestantism, took the work across great distances from Canton to Paris, London, Malacca, back to Canton and then to Hong Kong, and required the use of the Chinese language, both its higher form and the more day-to-day version, but also of Latin and English.
Colloquium 2 How to Argue about Aristotle about Practical Reason
Authors: Pearson Giles 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, I consider Aristotle’s views in relation to the Humean theory of motivation (HTM). I distinguish three principles which HTM is committed to: the ‘No Besires’ principle, the ‘Motivation Out—Desire In’ principle, and the ‘Desire Out—Desire In’ principle. To reject HTM, one only needs to reject one of these principles. I argue that while it is plausible to think that Aristotle accepts the first two principles, there are some grounds for thinking that he might reject the third.
The Transnational Literary Field between (Inter)-nationalism and Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Sapiro Gisèle 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Various external and internal factors shape and condition the literary field: education, the book market, the nation state, political movements, international organizations (like UNESCO), and specific authorities such as prizes. These factors are examined in this article at different spatial scales: “international,” “transnational,” “global,” “world,” “cosmopolitan,” which are defined in the first section of the article in order to identify the agents that participate in the formation and functioning of the literary field at these different levels, and thus enable us to better understand the mechanisms of scale-shifting. Three periods are then examined: the era of “inter-nationalism,” running from the end of the nineteenth century to the Second World War, the period of “developmental” policy, during which the borders of the transnational literary field were extended beyond the Western world, and the era of “globalization.”
Feminist Artivism: Curating Women’s Memory
Authors: Abouelnaga Shereen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In an age controlled by silence, imposed by the far-right regimes, artivism has become one of the most efficient means of expression, committed to the pursuit of justice. This article deals with alternative artivistic spaces/archives that subvert the dominant, shake the solid and reveal different voices. They are attempts that have emanated from the systematic efforts to marginalize new voices and theories, not to mention histories. The three spaces/exhibitions that are explored in this paper represent new forms of archiving through artivism. Since the archive has long been a contesting arena of memory, the three exhibitions chronicle another memory, an alternative one. These three exhibitions, made and curated by women, are: Doing well, don’t worry, organized in Cairo by Women and Memory Forum (WMF) in May 2017, Harem Fantasies, New Shehrazades curated by the late Moroccan Fatima Mernissi (1940-2015) in Barcelona (2003); and Kurdish Women Warriors that was held in 2018 in the University of Goethe in Frankfurt. This article deals with these exhibitions as spaces of appearance where memory and archiving become the principal tools of resistance.
Chouftouhonna Festival: Feminist and Queer Artivism as Transformative Agency for a New Politics of Recognition in Post-revolutionary Tunisia
Authors: Borrillo Sara 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In Tunisia, like in other MENA countries, feminism has opened the door to activism advocating for individual liberties and sexual rights. After the 2010-2011 revolution, a new wave of political activism has relied on new forms of cultural and creative practice to reconfigure the public space. This paper utilises ethnographic fieldwork to investigate the experience of the Chouftouhonna Feminist International Art Festival in Tunis as an example of ‘artivism’ – i.e. artistic activism – grounded in secular feminism and advancing LGBTQ+ claims. The first section of this paper explores the multiple ‘dimensions of subversion’ of the Festival. The second section aims to demonstrate why Chouftouhonna’s experience can be analysed as part of a political strategy contributing to a new imagination for a substantive egalitarian citizenship, through both ‘affirmative and transformative remedies to social injustice’. Because the Festival is meant as an expression of ‘transformative agency’, its founders and organizers strive for a new politics of recognition for women and sexual diversity in post-revolutionary Tunisia.
Going Online? China’s Response in Higher Education System to the Pandemic
Authors: LIU Tian , HUANG Ying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since the early march of 2020, higher education institutions around the world shut down quickly because of the outbreak of covid-19. This article addresses China’s response to this unprecedented pandemic in terms of a nationwide school closure. This article introduces how Chinese higher institutions use different strategies to launch online education under the initiative entitled “Ensuring Learning Undisrupted when Classes are Disrupted” from the Ministry of Education. The article also provides brief introduction on China’s online education initiative in a global context. Concerns of online education discussed in this article include equitable access to online education, challenges of curriculum design, and academic integrity. Practical suggestions are therefore offered based on North American experience. Finally, this article concludes the critical impact of online education on Chinese higher institutions during and even after this pandemic.
Simple Analytic Solutions for a Convectively Driven Walker Circulation and Their Relevance to Observations
Authors: Iipponen Juho , Donner Leo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present a linear equation for the Walker circulation streamfunction and find its analytic solutions given specified convective heating. In a linear Boussinesq fluid with Rayleigh damping and Newtonian cooling, the streamfunction obeys a Poisson’s equation, forced by gradients in the meridionally averaged diabatic heating and Coriolis force. For an idealized convective heating distribution, analytic solutions for the streamfunction can be found through an analogy with electrostatics. We use these solutions to study the response of the Walker circulation strength (mass transport) to changes in the vertical and zonal scales of convective heating. Robust responses are obtained that depend on how the total convective heating of the atmosphere responds to changing scale. If the total heating remains unchanged, increasing the zonal scale or the vertical scale always leads to a weaker circulation. Conversely, if the total heating grows in proportion to the spatial scale, the circulation becomes stronger with increasing scale. These conclusions are shown to be consistent with a three-dimensional numerical model. Moreover, they are useful in describing the observed seasonal and interannual (ENSO) variability of the Indo-Pacific Walker circulation. On both time scales, the overturning becomes weaker with increasing zonal scale of the convective region, reminiscent of our solutions where we do not vary the total convective heating. Reanalysis data also indicate that the zonal circulation is quite strongly damped, thus yielding a result that the circulation strength is directly proportional to the warm-pool spatial-mean precipitation.
Low Pressure Systems and Extreme Precipitation in Southeast and East Asian Monsoon Regions
Authors: You Yujia , Ting Mingfang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the physical mechanisms behind the secular trends of summer rainfall extremes over the heavily populated Southeast and East Asian monsoon regions is not only of scientific importance but also of considerable socioeconomic implications. In this study, the relevance of the excessive-rain-producing low pressure systems (LPSs) to extreme rainfall is quantified. Using an objective feature-tracking algorithm, the synoptic-scale LPSs are identified and tracked in the 40-yr ECMWF interim reanalysis. The region experiences approximately 16 terrestrial and 18 marine LPSs each summer. The terrestrial LPSs form near the downwind side of the Tibetan Plateau and travel northeastward toward jet latitudes. The marine LPSs form over the western North Pacific Ocean and migrate along the western periphery of the subtropical high. While both types of LPSs account for a large portion of upper-tail rainfall, the terrestrial LPSs predominantly impact the extreme rainfall over inland areas, and the marine LPSs primarily affect the coastal regions where they frequently make landfall. The historical extreme rainfall trend during 1979–2018 aligns with the changes in LPS tracks. The decreasing number of northeastward-moving terrestrial LPSs leads to an extreme rainfall dipole with negative trends in north-central China and positive trends in southern China, while the increasing number of northward-recurving marine LPSs enhances the extreme rainfall in the eastern China coast but suppresses it over the South China Sea. These trends are driven dynamically by the weakening of the monsoonal southwesterlies and the eastward retreat of the subtropical high, which might be attributable to anthropogenic forcings.