bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Countermovement Jump Height in National-Team Athletes of Various Sports: A Framework for Practitioners and Scientists
Authors: Haugen Thomas A. , Breitschädel Felix , Wiig Håvard , Seiler Stephen 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To quantify possible differences in countermovement jump height across sport disciplines and sex in national-team athletes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 588 women (23 [5] y, 66 [8] kg) and 989 men (23 [5] y, 82 [12] kg) from 44 different sport disciplines (including 299 medalists from European Championships, World Championships, and/or Olympic Games) tested a countermovement jump on a force platform at the Norwegian Olympic Training Center between 1995 and 2018. Results: Athletic sprinting showed the highest values among the men (62.7 [4.8] cm) and women (48.4 [6.0] cm), clearly ahead of the long jump/triple jump (mean difference ± 90% CL: 6.5 ± 5.0 and 4.3 ± 4.1; very likely and likely; moderate) and speed skating sprint (11.4 ± 3.1 and 7.5 ± 5.5 cm; most likely and very likely; very large and moderate). These horizontally oriented sports displayed superior results compared with more vertically oriented and powerful sports such as beach volleyball, weightlifting, and ski jumping, both in men (from 2.9 ± 4.7 to 15.6 ± 2.9 cm; small to very large; possibly to most likely) and women (5.9 ± 4.8 to 13.4 ± 3.4 cm; large to very large; very likely to most likely), while endurance sports and precision sports were at the other end of the scale. Overall, the men jumped 33% higher than the women (10.3, ±0.6 cm; most likely; large). Conclusions: This study provides practitioners and scientists with useful information regarding the variation in countermovement jump height among national-team athletes within and across sport disciplines.
Examining Associations Between Physical Activity and Academic Performance in a Large Sample of Ontario Students: The Role of Inattention and Hyperactivity
Authors: Ogrodnik Michelle , Halladay Jillian , Fenesi Barbara , Heisz Jennifer , Georgiades Katholiki 
Published: November 2020

Background: Participation in physical activity (PA) is a modifiable factor that contributes to academic success, yet the optimal dose (ie, frequency) and mechanisms underlying the effect require further exploration. Methods: Using data from 19,886 elementary and 11,238 secondary school students across Ontario, Canada, this study examined associations between PA participation frequency, academic achievement, and inattention and hyperactivity. Results: Among elementary students, there was a positive association between PA frequency and academic achievement. Participating in 1 to 2 days per week of PA related to higher academic achievement compared with no days, whereas 7 days per week had the largest associations. For secondary students, a minimum of 3 to 4 days per week was associated with higher academic achievement with no significant benefit of additional days. Indirect effects of inattention and hyperactivity were found for both groups, suggesting that the benefits of PA on academic achievement may be partly explained by reductions in inattention and hyperactivity, especially for secondary school students. Conclusion: Students may experience academic benefits from PA even if they are not meeting the guidelines of exercising daily. These benefits may occur, in part, through reductions in inattention and hyperactivity. Further work is needed to determine the temporality and mechanism of these associations.
The Effects of a Soccer-Specific Fitness Test on Eccentric Knee Flexor Strength
Authors: Brogden Christopher Michael , Gough Lewis , Kelly Adam 
Published: November 2020

Context: Physiological fitness testing, such as the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (YYIR) is a key requirement of the Elite Player Performance Plan, introduced by the English Premier League. Eccentric hamstring strength has been identified as a risk factor for hamstring injuries in soccer players, with fatigue highlighted to further exasperate this issue. Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of the YYIR level 1 (YYIR1) on eccentric knee flexor strength assessed using the NordBord in youth soccer players. Design: Experimental design. Setting: Soccer club academy. Participants: A total of 67 male academy soccer players (age = 16.58 [0.57] y; height = 175.45 [5.85] cm; mass = 66.30 [8.21] kg) volunteered to participate in the current study during the English competitive soccer season. Main Outcome Measures: Participants conducted eccentric hamstring strength assessments using the NordBord prior to and immediately postcompletion of the YYIR1, with outcome measures of peak force and peak force relative to body mass recorded. Results: Paired t tests highlighted increased absolute eccentric knee flexor strength values (P < .001) immediately post-YYIR1 for both the dominant and nondominant limbs, with the same trend (P < .001) observed for eccentric strength relative to body mass. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the YYIR1 does not induce eccentric knee flexor fatigue and as such is not a valid assessment method to assess the effects of fatigue on hamstring function. However, results do suggest that the NordBord may be considered a viable and more accessible alternative to detect pre–post fitness test/fatigue protocol differences in eccentric knee flexor peak strength while working in the field.
Lifetime risk to progress from pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes among women and men: comparison between American Diabetes Association and World Health Organization diagnostic criteria
Authors: van Herpt Thijs T W , Ligthart Symen , Leening Maarten J G , van Hoek Mandy , Lieverse Aloysius G , Ikram M Arfan , Sijbrands Eric J G , Dehghan Abbas , Kavousi Maryam 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionPre-diabetes, a status conferring high risk of overt diabetes, is defined differently by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the WHO. We investigated the impact of applying definitions of pre-diabetes on lifetime risk of diabetes in women and men from the general population.Research design and methodsWe used data from 8844 women without diabetes and men aged ≥45 years from the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study in the Netherlands. In both gender groups, we calculated pre-diabetes prevalence according to ADA and WHO criteria and estimated the 10-year and lifetime risk to progress to overt diabetes with adjustment for competing risk of death.ResultsOut of 8844 individuals, pre-diabetes was identified in 3492 individuals (prevalence 40%, 95% CI 38% to 41%) according to ADA and 1382 individuals (prevalence 16%, 95% CI 15% to 16%) according to WHO criteria. In both women and men and each age category, ADA prevalence estimates doubled WHO-defined pre-diabetes. For women and men aged 45 years having ADA-defined pre-diabetes, the 10-year risk of diabetes was 14.2% (95% CI 6.0% to 22.5%) and 9.2% (95% CI 3.4% to 15.0%) compared with 23.2% (95% CI 6.8% to 39.6%) and 24.6% (95% CI 8.4% to 40.8%) in women and men with WHO-defined pre-diabetes. At age 45 years, the remaining lifetime risk to progress to overt diabetes was 57.5% (95% CI 51.8% to 63.2%) vs 80.2% (95% CI 74.1% to 86.3%) in women and 46.1% (95% CI 40.8% to 51.4%) vs 68.4% (95% CI 58.3% to 78.5%) in men with pre-diabetes according to ADA and WHO definitions, respectively.ConclusionPrevalence of pre-diabetes differed considerably in both women and men when applying ADA and WHO pre-diabetes definitions. Women with pre-diabetes had higher lifetime risk to progress to diabetes. The lifetime risk of diabetes was lower in women and men with ADA-defined pre-diabetes as compared with WHO. Improvement of pre-diabetes definition considering appropriate sex-specific and age-specific glycemic thresholds may lead to better identification of individuals at high risk of diabetes.
Measuring wet bulb globe temperatures at point-of-exertion in worldwide UK military settings: a longitudinal observational study determining the accuracy of a portable WBGT monitor
Authors: Falconer Hall Patricia , Blackadder-Coward J , Pynn H 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionHeat illness among the UK Armed Forces is usually exertional, and therefore preventable, yet the incidence has not reduced since 2011. JSP 539 explicitly states that wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) should be measured ‘at the location of greatest heat risk’, not ‘that of most convenience’. A handheld WBGT tracker used at point-of-exertion could reduce this incidence if proven to be as accurate as the current in-service device.MethodsLongitudinal observational comparison and equipment feasibility study of the Kestrel 5400 and QUESTemp 34 (QT-34) in worldwide firm base and deployed UK Armed Forces locations. The locations chosen were Kenya, South Sudan, Belize, Tidworth, Aldershot and Brecon. Paired data points of WBGT readings were collected from November 2017 to August 2018 in all weather conditions.ResultsWBGT readings were comparable between the QT-34 and Kestrel 5400 across the UK and overseas. In addition, there was no change in accuracy between readings taken from the Kestrel 5400 when tripod-mounted and handheld. The Kestrel was easy to set up and far less susceptible to resupply or power supply limitations, as it requires no user input for wet bulb temperature, and runs on AA batteries.ConclusionThis equipment feasibility study has shown that the Kestrel 5400 gives an acceptable accuracy and is easier to use than the QT-34. The authors recommend that the Kestrel 5400 is introduced as an adjunct to the QT-34, and its use within the military setting monitored through ongoing comparative data collection in a large-scale proof-of-concept study.
Active living environments, physical activity and premature cardiometabolic mortality in Canada: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Mah Sarah M , Sanmartin Claudia , Riva Mylène , Dasgupta Kaberi , Ross Nancy A 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate sex-specific and age-specific associations of active living environments (ALEs) with premature cardiometabolic mortality.DesignPopulation-based retrospective cohort study.SettingResidential neighbourhoods (1000-metre circular buffers from the centroids of dissemination areas) across Canada for which the Canadian ALE Measure was derived, based on intersection density, points of interest and dwelling density.Participants249 420 survey respondents from an individual-level record linkage between the Canadian Community Health Survey (2000–2010) and the Canadian Mortality Database until 2011, comprised of older women (65–85 years), older men (65–81 years), middle-aged women (45–64 years) and middle-aged men (45–64 years).Primary outcome measuresPremature cardiometabolic mortality and average daily energy expenditure attributable to walking. Multivariable proportional hazards regression models were adjusted for age, educational attainment, dissemination area-level median income, smoking status, obesity, the presence of chronic conditions, season of survey response and survey cycle.ResultsSurvey respondents contributed a total of 1 451 913 person-years. Greater walking was observed in more favourable ALEs. Walking was associated with lower cardiometabolic death in all groups except for middle-aged men. Favourable ALEs conferred a 22% reduction in death from cardiometabolic causes (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.97) for older women.ConclusionsOn average, people walk more in favourable ALEs, regardless of sex and age. With the exception of middle-aged men, walking is associated with lower premature cardiometabolic death. Older women living in neighbourhoods that favour active living live longer.
Protocol for an economic analysis of the randomised controlled trial of Improving the Well-being of people with Opioid Treated CHronic pain: I-WOTCH Study
Authors: Manchira Krishnan Sheeja , Gc Vijay Singh , Sandhu Harbinder Kaur , Underwood Martin , Eldabe Sam , Manca Andrea , Iglesias Urrutia Cynthia P 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionOver the last two decades, the use of opioids for the treatment of chronic pain in England has steadily increased despite lack of evidence of both long-term effectiveness in pain relief and significant, well-documented physical and mental adverse events. Guidelines recommend tapering when harms outweigh benefits, but the addictive nature of opioids hinders simple dose-reduction strategies. Improving the Well-being of people with Opioid Treated CHronic pain (I-WOTCH) trial tests a multicomponent self-management intervention aimed to help patients with chronic non-malignant pain taper opioid doses. This paper outlines the methods to be used for the economic analysis of the I-WOTCH intervention compared with the best usual care.Methods and analysisEconomic evaluation alongside the I-WOTCH study, prospectively designed to identify, measure and value key healthcare resource use and outcomes arising from the treatment strategies being compared. A within-trial cost-consequences analysis and a model-based long-term cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted from the National Health Service and Personal Social Service perspective in England. The former will quantify key parameters to populate a Markov model designed to estimate the long-term cost and quality-adjusted life years of the I-WOTCH intervention against best usual care. Regression equations will be used to estimate parameters such as transition probabilities, utilities, and costs associated with the model’s states and events. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis will be used to assess the impact of parameter uncertainty onto the predicted costs and health outcomes, and the resulting value for money assessment of the I-WOTCH intervention.Ethics and disseminationFull ethics approval was granted by Yorkshire & The Humber—South Yorkshire Research Ethics Committee on 13 September 2016 (16/YH/0325). Current protocol: V.1.7, date 31 July 2019. Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, scientific conferences, newsletters and websites.Trial registration numberInternational Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (49 470 934); Pre-result.
GlutenSpA trial: protocol for a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the impact of a gluten-free diet on quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Couderc Marion , Pereira Bruno , Schaeverbeke Thierry , Thomas Thierry , Chapurlat Roland , Gaudin Philippe , Morel Jacques , Dougados Maxime , Soubrier Martin 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionSubclinical intestinal inflammation and gut dysbiosis have been reported in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). In common practice, rheumatologists are increasingly confronted with patients with inflammatory rheumatism who are on gluten-free diets (GFDs), despite the lack of reliable data from controlled studies. This study aims to determine the impact of a GFD on the quality of life of patients with axial SpA.Methods and analysisThe GlutenSpA study is a 24-week, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Patients with axial SpA (n=200) will follow a 16-week GFD and be randomly assigned (1:1) to an experimental or control arm. In the experimental arm with receive at least 6 gluten-free breads per day + 200 g of gluten-free penne pasta per week + 6 rice flavour capsules per day. The control arm will receive at least 6 gluten-containing breads per day + 200 g of gluten-containing penne pasta per week + 6 vital gluten-containing capsules per day. The primary end-point is the variation in Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society—Health Index (ASAS-HI) questionnaire between week 16 and baseline. A second open-label period of 8 weeks will follow the intervention period, during which the patient will be free to decide whether they will follow the GFD. The secondary outcomes comprise several patient-reported outcomes (SpA activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index)), fatigue (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy), depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), functional disability index (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index)), variations in body mass index and Homeostasis Model Assessment Index and variations in the abundance and type of bacterial species found in the gut microbiota for a subgroup of patients (n=40). The data will be analysed using the intention-to-treat principle.The regional ethics committee (CPP Nord-ouest IV) has approved the study (IDRCB 2018-A00309-46). The results of the trial will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. The authors have no relationship that may have influenced the submitted work.Trial registration numberNCT04274374.
Clinical and biological determinants of P-wave duration: cross-sectional data from the population-based CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study
Authors: Bocchi Federica , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Pruvot Etienne , Waeber Gerard , Vollenweider Peter , Gachoud David 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesP-wave duration (PWD) is associated with the development of atrial arrhythmias, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. With this study, we aimed to assess the distribution and determinants of PWD in the general population.DesignCross-sectional study using data collected between 2014 and 2016.SettingIn the population-based cohort CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, Lausanne, Switzerland, we used 12-lead ECGs to measure PWD. Potential demographic, clinical and biological determinants of PWD were collected by questionnaire, anthropometry, blood pressure measurement and biological assays.ParticipantsData from 3459 participants (55% women, 62±10 years, 93% Caucasian) were included. Participants were excluded if they presented with (1) no sinus rhythm or paced rhythm on the study ECG or Wolff-Parkinson-White ECG pattern; (2) missing or non-interpretable ECG; and (3) missing phenotypic data.Primary outcome measureDetermine (1) the PWD distribution and (2) the demographic, clinical and biological determinants of PWD in a large population-based cohort.ResultsMedian and IQR of PWD was 112 (102–120) ms . In the multivariable analyses, PWD was significantly associated with age (p<0.001) and height (p<0.001), with an adjusted regression coefficient (95% CI) of 0.29 ms/years (0.23 to 0.36) and 0.32 ms/cm (0.28 to 0.37), respectively. PWD, given thereafter in ms with adjusted mean±SE, was significantly (p<0.05) associated with (a) gender (woman 110.0±0.4; man 112.1±0.4), (b) body mass index (normal 110.1±0.4; overweight 110.9±0.4; obese 113.0±0.5), (c) abdominal obesity (no 110.5±0.3; yes 111.7±0.4) and (d) hypertension (no 110.4±0.3; yes 111.7±0.4).ConclusionPWD is positively associated with age, height, male gender, obesity markers and hypertension. Clinical interpretation of PWD should take these factors into consideration.
Specialised orthotic care to improve functioning in adults with neuromuscular disorders: protocol of a prospective randomised open-label blinded end-point study
Authors: van Duijnhoven Elza , Koopman Fieke Sophia , Tuijtelaars Jana Antonius Maria , Altmann Viola , Lagrand Rimke , van Dongen Johanna Maria , Nollet Frans , Brehm Merel-Anne 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionPeople suffering from leg muscle weakness caused by neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are often provided with leg orthoses to reduce walking problems such as increased walking effort, diminished walking speed, reduced balance and falls. However, evidence for the effectiveness of leg orthoses to improve walking in this patient group is limited and there is an absence of standardised practice in orthotic prescription. In 2012 a Dutch multidisciplinary guideline was developed aimed to standardise the orthotic treatment process in NMD. Although application of the guideline in expert centres (specialised orthotic care) seems beneficial regarding clinical effectiveness, larger studies are necessary to confirm results and investigate cost-effectiveness. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of specialised orthotic care compared with usual orthotic care in adults with slowly progressive NMD.Methods and analysisA prospective randomised open-label blinded end-point study will be performed, in which 70 adults with slowly progressive NMD are randomly assigned to specialised orthotic care (intervention) or usual orthotic care (control). Outcome measures are assessed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months follow-up. The primary endpoints are gross walking energy cost (J/kg/m) assessed during a 6 min walk test and achievement of personal goals, measured with the Goal Attainment Scale. Secondary endpoints include walking speed, gait biomechanics, stability, physical functioning, falls and fear of falling, perceived fatigue and satisfaction. For the economic evaluation, societal costs and health-related quality of life will be assessed using cost questionnaires and the 5-Level version of EuroQol 5 Dimension, retrospectively.Ethics and disseminationThe study is registered in the Dutch trial register (NL 7511) and the protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam. Results will be presented at national and international scientific conferences and disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and media aimed at a broad audience including patients.
Translation, adaptation and validation of the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) for use in Japan: a multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Aoki Takuya , Yamamoto Yosuke , Nakata Tomoaki 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesThe Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) is a well-established and internationally recognised scale for measuring patients’ experience with hospital inpatient care. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the HCAHPS and to examine its structural validity, criterion-related validity and internal consistency reliability.DesignMulticentere cross-sectional study.SettingA total of 48 hospitals in Japan.Participants6522 patients aged ≥16 years who were discharged from the participating hospitals.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis showed excellent goodness of fit of the same factor structure as that of the original HCAHPS, with the following composites: communication with nurses, communication with doctors, responsiveness of hospital staff, hospital environment, communication about medicines and discharge information. All hospital-level Pearson correlation coefficients between the Japanese HCAHPS composites and overall hospital rating exceeded the criteria. Results of inter-item correlations indicated adequate internal consistency reliability.ConclusionsThe Japanese HCAHPS has acceptable psychometric properties for assessing patients’ experience with hospital inpatient care. This scale could be used for quality improvement based on the assessment of patients’ experience with hospital care and for health services research in Japan.