bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel genetic sex markers reveal high frequency of sex reversal in wild populations of the agile frog (Rana dalmatina) associated with anthropogenic land use
Authors: Nemesházi Edina , Gál Zoltán , Ujhegyi Nikolett , Verebélyi Viktória , Mikó Zsanett , Üveges Bálint , Lefler Kinga Katalin , Jeffries Daniel Lee , Hoffmann Orsolya Ivett , Bókony Veronika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPopulations of ectothermic vertebrates are vulnerable to environmental pollution and climate change because certain chemicals and extreme temperatures can cause sex reversal during early ontogeny (i.e. genetically female individuals develop male phenotype or vice versa), which may distort population sex ratios. However, we have troublingly little information on sex reversals in natural populations, due to unavailability of genetic sex markers. Here, we developed a genetic sexing method based on sex‐linked single nucleotide polymorphism loci to study the prevalence and fitness consequences of sex reversal in agile frogs (Rana dalmatina). Out of 125 juveniles raised in laboratory without exposure to sex‐reversing stimuli, 6 showed male phenotype but female genotype according to our markers. These individuals exhibited several signs of poor physiological condition, suggesting stress‐induced sex reversal and inferior fitness prospects. Among 162 adults from 11 wild populations in North‐Central Hungary, 20% of phenotypic males had female genotype according to our markers. These individuals occurred more frequently in areas of anthropogenic land use; this association was attributable to agriculture and less strongly to urban land use. Female‐to‐male sex‐reversed adults had similar body mass as normal males. We recorded no events of male‐to‐female sex reversal either in the laboratory or in the wild. These results support recent suspicions that sex reversal is widespread in nature, and suggest that human‐induced environmental changes may contribute to its pervasiveness. Furthermore, our findings indicate that sex reversal is associated with stress and poor health in early life, but sex‐reversed individuals surviving to adulthood may participate in breeding.
Assessment of stream macroinvertebrate communities with eDNA is not congruent with tissue‐based metabarcoding
Authors: Gleason Jennifer Erin , Elbrecht Vasco , Braukmann Thomas W. A. , Hanner Robert H. , Cottenie Karl 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFreshwater biomonitoring programmes routinely sample aquatic macroinvertebrates. These samples are time‐consuming to collect, as well as challenging and costly to identify reliably genus or species. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a surrogate to traditional collection techniques and has been used in whole‐community approaches across several taxa and ecosystems. However, the usefulness of eDNA‐based detection of freshwater macroinvertebrates has not been extensively explored. Few studies have directly compared bulk sample and eDNA metabarcoding at a local scale to assess how effective each method is at characterizing aquatic macroinvertebrate communities. Here, we collected both eDNA and kicknet samples at the same sample transect locations across nine different streams in southern Ontario, Canada. We observed minimal overlap in community composition between these paired samples. Bulk tissue metabarcoding resulted in a greater proportion of sequences belonging to metazoan taxa (over 99%) than eDNA (12%) and had higher OTU richness for macroinvertebrate taxa. We suggest that degenerate primers are not effective for eDNA metabarcoding due to the high degree of nontarget amplification and subsequently low yield of target DNA. While both bulk sample and eDNA metabarcoding had the power to detect differences between stream communities, eDNA did not represent local communities. Bulk tissue metabarcoding thus provides a more accurate representation of local stream macroinvertebrate communities and is the preferred method if smaller‐scale spatial resolution is an important factor in data analyses.
Definition of baseline renal function in hospitalised patients with multiple preadmission measures of serum creatinine—A joint modelling approach
Authors: Laszczyńska Olga , Severo Milton , Azevedo Ana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimWith the use of a joint model (JM) we investigated how different definitions of baseline serum creatinine (SCr) would affect the association between an acute increase in inpatients' SCr and 30‐day mortality and whether this effect depends on premorbid SCr trajectory.MethodsThis was a retrospective study including adult patients admitted to a tertiary acute‐care hospital in Porto, Portugal, between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2015, who had at least two preadmission ambulatory and two inpatients SCr measurements. The baseline SCr was defined as the lowest (‐min), the most recent (‐last) or the median (‐medi) value over the preadmission period. The JM combined a linear mixed model for repeated inpatient SCr relative to baseline value and a Cox proportional survival model. Preadmission SCr courses were identified using linear regression and subsequently clustered based upon a patient‐specific slope. Preadmission SCr trajectories were described as median SCr courses within clusters.ResultsSCr trajectories were: “Stable” (78.0% of patients), “Decreasing” (11.3%) and “Increasing” (10.7%). Overall, an increase in inpatient SCr by 50% relative to baseline SCr‐min raised the risk of 30‐day mortality by 74%; the estimate was not different from hazard ratio (HR) obtained for SCr‐last (1.78) and SCr‐medi (1.71). We found no differences in HR across preadmission trajectories.ConclusionThe increased risk of death associated with an abrupt rise in inpatient SCr depends neither on the definition of baseline SCr nor patients' SCr trajectory before hospitalisation. Preadmission SCr‐medi value may be the least biased estimate of the baseline renal function.
The coordination of OsbZIP72 and OsMYBS2 with reverse roles regulates the transcription of OsPsbS1 in rice
Authors: Fu Xiangkui , Liu Chang , Li Yingzi , Liao Shiyu , Cheng Huiya , Tu Yuan , Zhu Xiya , Chen Kai , He Yuqing , Wang Gongwei 
Published: August 2020

Summary

Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), an intricate photoprotective process, plays fundamental roles in maintaining plant fitness. The PsbS protein is essential for the rapid induction of NPQ, and acts in a dose‐dependent manner in leaves. However, little information is known on the transcriptional control of PsbS in land plants.

Here we demonstrated that the expression of OsPsbS1 is directly upregulated by OsbZIP72 while repressed by OsMYBS2 in rice. We identified a new cis‐element GACAGGTG in japonica OsPsbS1 promoter, to which OsbZIP72 could strongly bind and activate the expression of OsPsbS1. The new cis‐element CTAATC confers specific binding for OsMYBS2 in japonica OsPsbS1 promoter.

OsbZIP72 can be activated by SAPK1, and acts depending on the abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway. GF14A protein affects the repression activity of OsMYBS2 by regulating its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, and Ser53 is necessary for OsMYBS2 to be retained in the cytoplasm. The inducibility of OsPsbS1 transcription under high light conditions in OsbZIP72 knockout lines was greatly impaired, while the repression of OsPsbS1 transcription under a low light environment in OsMYBS2 knockout lines was significantly alleviated.

These results reveal cross‐talk among NPQ processes, the ABA signalling pathway and abiotic stress signalling. The elaborate mechanisms may help enhance photoprotection and improve photosynthesis in rice.
Preschool wheezing and asthma in children: A systematic review of guidelines and quality appraisal with the AGREE II instrument
Authors: Ruszczyński Marek , Ambrożej Dominika , Adamiec Aleksander , Ryczaj Klaudia , Elenius Varpu , Cavkaytar Ozlem , Maggina Paraskevi , Makrinioti Heidi , Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Hedlin Gunilla , Konradsen Jon R. , Schaub Bianca , H. Smits Hermelijn , Jartti Tuomas , Feleszko Wojciech ,   EAACI Task Force on Clinical Practice Recommendations on Preschool Wheeze
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAsthma‐like symptoms in preschool children, such as wheezing and dyspnea, are common time‐ and resource‐consuming diagnostic and management challenges. Quality of wheezing and asthma recommendations varies. The purpose of this study, carried out by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Task Force for Preschool Wheeze, was to systematically review and assess the quality of guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of preschool wheezing and/or asthma.MethodsThe Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched until June 2018. The methodological rigor, quality, and transparency of relevant guidelines were assessed with the use of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool.ResultsWe identified 26 guidelines. The quality scores for each domain varied. Of all domains, clarity and presentation had the highest mean score, whereas applicability and stakeholder involvement had the lowest. The scores (median) for individual domains were as follows: score and purpose 86%; stakeholder involvement 49%; rigor of development 54%; clarity of presentation 85%; applicability 51%; and editorial independence 63%.ConclusionAlthough several guidelines on asthma management in children are available, however, their quality varies. Additionally, there is a considerable gap in reliable recommendations on the management and treatment of non‐asthmatic preschool wheeze.
From conception to COVID‐19: an arduous journey of tribulations of racism and triumphs
Authors: Daniell Henry 
Published: August 2020

SummaryGrowing up in a densely wooded tropical forest enhanced my curiosity in plants and reading biography of Marie Curie profoundly influenced pursuit of my research career. Early in my career, I developed in vitro functional chloroplasts, capable of expressing foreign genes and this laid the foundation for the chloroplast genetic engineering field. Four decades of research has advanced chloroplast bioreactors for production of industrial enzymes or biopharmaceuticals by small or large companies. Because I experienced firsthand horrors of expensive vaccines or medicines, I devoted most of my career to develop affordable therapeutics. During this long journey, I suffered institutional racial discrimination but was rescued by several guardian angels. This biography gives readers a glimpse of tribulations and triumphs of my journey and recognizes important contributions made by my mentees.
SlTLFP8 reduces water loss to improve water‐use efficiency by modulating cell size and stomatal density via endoreduplication
Authors: Li Shuangtao , Zhang Jiaojiao , Liu Lun , Wang Zhirong , Li Yafei , Guo Luqin , Li Yu , Zhang Xichun , Ren Shuxin , Zhao Bing , Zhang Na , Guo Yang‐Dong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImproving plant water‐use efficiency (WUE) is important to plant survival and crop yield in the context of water limitation. In this study, SlTLFP8 (Tubby‐like F‐box protein 8) was identified as an osmotic‐induced gene in tomato. Transgenic tomato with up‐regulated expression of SlTLFP8 showed enhanced water‐deficient resistance, whereas knockout mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 were more sensitive to water deficit. SlTLFP8 overexpression significantly enhanced WUE by suppressing transpiration under both water‐sufficient and water‐deficient conditions. Further study showed that overexpressing SlTLFP8 significantly increased leaf epidermal cell size and thereby decreased stomatal density 10–20%, conversely SlTLFP8 knockout resulted in decreased cell size and thereby increased stomatal density 20–50%. SlTLFP8 overexpression and knockout modulated ploidy levels in leaf cells. Changes in expression of cell cycle related genes also indicated that SlTLFP8 affected cell size and stomatal density through endocycle transition. Despite changes in stomata density and transpiration, altering the expression of SlTLFP8 did not change photosynthesis. Additionally, biomass was not altered and there was little difference in fruit yield for transgenic and wild type lines under water‐sufficient and water‐deficient conditions. Our results demonstrate the effect of SlTLFP8 on endoreduplication and the potential of SlTLFP8 for improvement of WUE.Brief SummeryThis work found a new mechanism of TLP (Tubby like protein) response to water‐deficient stress. SlTLFP8, a member of TLP family, regulates water‐deficient resistance by modulating water loss via affecting stomatal density. Expression of SlTLFP8 was induced by osmotic stress. Transgenic tomato lines with SlTLFP8 overexpression or SlTLFP8 knockout showed significantly differences in water‐use efficiency (WUE) and water‐deficient resistance. The difference of leaf water loss caused by transpiration is the main explanation of the difference in WUE and water‐deficient resistance. Additionally, overexpressing SlTLFP8 significantly decreased stomatal density, while SlTLFP8 knockout resulted in increased stomatal density, and SlTLFP8 affected stomatal density through endoreduplication and altered epidermal cell size. Despite changes in stomata density, altering the expression of SlTLFP8 did not result in distinct changes in photosynthesis, biomass and yield of tomato.
Accountable Artificial Intelligence: Holding Algorithms to Account
Authors: Busuioc Madalina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) algorithms govern in subtle yet fundamental ways the way we live and are transforming our societies. The promise of efficient, low‐cost, or “neutral” solutions harnessing the potential of big data has led public bodies to adopt algorithmic systems in the provision of public services. As AI algorithms have permeated high‐stakes aspects of our public existence—from hiring and education decisions to the governmental use of enforcement powers (policing) or liberty‐restricting decisions (bail and sentencing)—this necessarily raises important accountability questions: What accountability challenges do AI algorithmic systems bring with them, and how can we safeguard accountability in algorithmic decision‐making? Drawing on a decidedly public administration perspective, and given the current challenges that have thus far become manifest in the field, we critically reflect on and map out in a conceptually guided manner the implications of these systems, and the limitations they pose, for public accountability.
Cryopreservation of canine spermatozoa using a skim milk‐based extender and a short equilibration time
Authors: Abe Yasuyuki , Asano Tomoyoshi , Wakasa Ichiko , Kume Aiko , Yokozawa Sakimi , Umemiya‐Shirafuji Rika , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough useful spermatozoa cryopreservation techniques have been established, long‐term equilibration seems to be required before freezing the spermatozoa of many species, including dogs. The fertility of cryopreserved dog spermatozoa from five males for a reduced equilibration period (0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min) in a skim milk (SM)‐based extender containing raffinose was evaluated in the present study. When the sperm was diluted with the extender at room temperature (RT) and cryopreserved without equilibration, the proportion of total motile spermatozoa (TMS) after thawing was lower (27%) than when the sperm was equilibrated for 30 min (33%), 60 min (32%), 120 min (44%; p < .05) or 180 min (29%). The proportion of TMS increased as the equilibration time increased and peaked at 120 min. Acrosome integrity was significantly lower in the cryopreserved spermatozoa that had not undergone the initial equilibration than in the equilibrated spermatozoa (p < .05). The normal rate of acrosomes increased with the extension of the first equilibration and peaked at 120 min. When frozen–thawed spermatozoa that had been diluted at RT and subjected to an initial equilibration lasting 60 or 180 min were transcervically inseminated into recipients, there were no differences in the delivery rate, litter size or breeding efficiency. In the cryopreservation of canine spermatozoa using a SM‐based extender, even if the initial equilibration time was shortened to 60 min, the results were comparable to those obtained when the conventional method (with an initial equilibration time of 180 min) was used.
A data set for modeling claims processes—TSA claims data
Authors: Kelly Mary , Wang Zilin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis data insight highlights the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) claims data as an underused data set that would be particularly useful to researchers developing statistical models to analyze claim frequency and severity. Individuals who have been injured or had items damaged, lost or stolen may make a claim for losses to the TSA. The federal government reports information on every claim from 2002 to 2017 at https://www.dhs.gov/tsa-claims-data. Information collected includes claim date and type and site as well as closed claim amount and disposition (whether it was approved in full, denied, or settled. We provide summary statistics on the frequency and the severity of the data for the years 2003 to 2015. The data set has several unique features including severity is not truncated (there is no deductible), there are significant mass points in the severity data, and the frequency data shows a high degree of auto correlation if compiled on a weekly basis, and substantial frequency mass points at zero for daily data.
Adding Measurement Error to Location Data to Protect Subject Confidentiality While Allowing for Consistent Estimation of Exposure Effects
Authors: Karra Mahesh , Canning David , Sato Ryoko 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn public use data sets, it is desirable not to report a respondent's location precisely to protect subject confidentiality. However, the direct use of perturbed location data to construct explanatory exposure variables for regression models will generally make naive estimates of all parameters biased and inconsistent. We propose an approach where a perturbation vector, consisting of a random distance at a random angle, is added to a respondent's reported geographic co-ordinates. We show that, as long as the distribution of the perturbation is public and there is an underlying prior population density map, external researchers can construct unbiased and consistent estimates of location-dependent exposure effects by using numerical integration techniques over all possible actual locations, although coefficient confidence intervals are wider than if the true location data were known. We examine our method by using a Monte Carlo simulation exercise and apply it to a real world example using data on perceived and actual distance to a health facility in Tanzania.
Orthodontic treatment and aesthetic rehabilitation in a patient with Turner syndrome: A case report
Authors: Marçal Felipe Franco , Costa Ana Carolina de Figueiredo , Magalhães Iana Aragão , Guerra Lis Monteiro de Carvalho , Lopes Luiza Lassi de Araújo , Alves e Silva Francisco Cláudio Fernandes , Vieira‐Meyer Anya Pimentel Gomes Fernandes 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsThis case report describes an orthodontic and aesthetic rehabilitation in a patient with Turner syndrome.Methods and resultsCareful anamnesis was performed to find the patient's medical history. Based on dental casts, radiographies and photographies it was observed alterations in the craniofacial complex, in the occlusion and in the dental morphology. For the orthodontic treatment, rapid maxillary expansion was performed, followed by the use of fixed orthodontic appliance. At the end, aesthetic rehabilitation, with direct composite resin veneers, was utilized for the correction of existing diastema. Treatment goals were achieved by observing an improvement in facial and smile harmony.ConclusionThe orthodontic treatment followed by aesthetic rehabilitation of dental morphology showed to be feasible in a patient with Turner syndrome based on an early diagnosis and craniofacial growth follow‐up.
Measurement properties of handheld dynamometry for assessment of shoulder muscle strength: A systematic review
Authors: Sørensen Lotte , Oestergaard Lisa Gregersen , van Tulder Maurits , Petersen Annemette Krintel 
Published: August 2020

Like any assessment tool, handheld dynamometry (HHD) must be valid and reliable in order to be meaningful in clinical practice and research. To summarize the evidence of measurement properties of HHD for the assessment of shoulder muscle strength. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, EMBASE, and PEDro were searched up to February 2020. Inclusion criteria were studies (a) evaluating HHD used on the glenohumeral joint, (b) evaluating measurement properties, and (c) included individuals ≥ 18 years old with or without shoulder symptoms. Exclusion criteria were studies (a) including patients with neurologic, neuromuscular, systemic diseases, or critical illness or bed‐side patients and (b) that did not report the results separately for each movement. In total, 28 studies with 963 participants were included. The reliability results showed that 98% of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were ≥0.70. The measurement error showed that the minimal detectable change in percent varied from 0% to 51.0%. The quality of evidence was high or moderate for the majority of movements and type of reliability examined. Based on the evidence of low or very low quality of evidence, the convergent validity and discriminative validity of HHD were either sufficient, indeterminate, or insufficient. The reliability of HHD was overall sufficient, and HHD can be used to distinguish between individuals on the group level. The measurement error was not sufficient, and evaluation of treatment effect on the individual level should be interpreted with caution.
One‐year aerobic interval training in outpatients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brobakken Mathias Forsberg , Nygård Mona , Güzey Ismail Cüneyt , Morken Gunnar , Reitan Solveig Klæbo , Heggelund Jørn , Vedul‐Kjelsaas Einar , Wang Eivind 
Published: August 2020

Although aerobic interval training (AIT) is recognized to attenuate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature mortality, it appears that it rarely arrives at patients’ doorsteps. Thus, this study investigated 1‐year effects and feasibility of AIT delivered with adherence support in collaborative care of outpatients with schizophrenia. Forty‐eight outpatients (28 men, 35 [31‐38] (mean [95% confidence intervals]) years; 20 women, 36 [30‐41] years) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (ICD‐10) were randomized to either a collaborative care group provided with municipal transportation service and training supervision (walking/running 4 × 4 minutes at ~90% of peak heart rate; HRpeak) 2 d wk−1 at the clinic (TG) or a control group (CG) given 2 introductory AIT sessions and advised to continue training. Directly assessed peak oxygen uptake () increased in the TG after 3 months (2.3 [0.6‐4.4] mL kg−1 min−1, Cohen's d = 0.33[−4.63 to 4.30], P = 0.04), 6 months (2.7 [0.5‐4.8] mL kg−1 min−1, Cohen's d = 0.42[−4.73 to 4.11], P = 0.02) and 1 year (4.6 [2.3‐6.8] mL kg−1 min−1, Cohen's d = 0.70[−4.31 to 4.10], P < 0.001) compared to the CG. One‐year cardiac effects revealed higher HRpeak (7 [2‐11] b min−1, Cohen's d = 0.34[−8.48 to 8.65], P = 0.01), while peak stroke volume tended to be higher (0.9 [−0.2 to 2.0] mL b−1, Cohen's d = 0.35[−1.62 to 2.01], P = 0.11) in the TG compared to the CG. Conventional risk factors (body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, and lipids/glucose) remained unaltered in both groups. One‐year AIT adherence rates were 15/25 (TG; different from CG: P < 0.001) and 0/23 (CG). AIT was successfully included in long‐term collaborative care of outpatients with schizophrenia and yielded improved , advocating this model for aerobic capacity improvement and CVD risk reduction in future treatment.