bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The new “alert procedures” in Italy: Regarder au‐delà du modèle français?
Authors: Vaccari Eugenio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractItaly is about to enforce the first comprehensive reform of its corporate insolvency framework since the Second World War. The new Codice della Crisi d'Impresa e dell'Insolvenza builds on international recommendations, European laws and foreign best practice. One area that has been subject to substantial influence from foreign models is preventive insolvency mechanisms, where the Italian Legislator drew from the French and English experiences, as these countries have a widely recognized reputation of excellence in this field. Nevertheless, the similarities between the Italian and the English system – particularly with reference to the Italian panel of experts in the alert procedures and the English “pre‐pack pool” in pre‐packaged administrations – have so far been overlooked in the academic literature. This article sheds some light on the degree of cross‐fertilization between the Italian panel of experts in the procedure d'allerta and the English pre‐pack pool in pre‐packaged administration. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate whether regulatory reforms are needed to support the activity of the Italian panel in promoting restructuring deals for debtors in distress.
Assessment of the maxilla‐mandible‐nasion angle in normal and aneuploid foetuses in the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Tekesin Ismail , Graupner Oliver 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThis retrospective study aims to determine whether the maxilla‐mandible‐nasion (MMN) angle can be reliably measured in the first trimester, to describe normal ranges, and to determine if significant changes occur in foetuses with aneuploidies.MethodsThe MMN angle was measured in stored 2D‐ultrasound images of 200 normal fetal profiles between 11+0 and 13+6 weeks of gestation. Each image was analyzed by two observers at two independent time points. Bland‐Altmann analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability of the measurements. Additionally, the MMN angle was measured on sonograms from 140 aneuploid foetuses.ResultsThe mean MMN angle in normal foetuses from 11 to 14 weeks of gestation was 15.4°. Reliability of the measurement was high when repeatedly measured by the same observer (ICC = 0.92 and 0.82) and between two observers (ICC = 0.77 and 0.63). Average MMN values in foetuses with trisomy 21, 13, and Turner syndrome were significantly higher than those measured in normal foetuses. The highest differences were observed in foetuses with trisomy 13. Among those, 62% had an MMN angle above the 95th percentile and 92% above the normal mean.ConclusionThe MMN angle can be reliably measured in early pregnancy and is abnormal in about 60% of foetuses with trisomy 13.
Dentin erosion preventive effects of various plant extracts: An in vitro atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nanoindentation study
Authors: Sarialioglu Gungor Ayca , Donmez Nazmiye 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe overall consumption of acidic beverages has become more common, making the prevention and treatment of dental erosion an important consideration. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of various plant extracts in preventing dentin erosion. Seven experimental groups (fluoride‐free water, fluoride‐containing mouthwash [Colgate Plax], green tea, rosehip, clove, pomegranate, and grape seed) were formed, each consisting of 20 bovine dentin samples. The specimens were exposed daily to demineralization and remineralization cycles three times per day over 5 days through a 5‐min plant extract application before each erosive episode. Surface roughness, nanohardness values, and morphological changes on dentin surfaces were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), nanoindentation, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were subjected to Kruskal–Wallis and Friedman tests (p < .05). There were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of nanohardness values (p < .05), except for the pomegranate and grape seed groups. The highest nanohardness value was observed in the clove group (1.24 ± 0.34 GPa), whereas the lowest nanohardness value was noted in the grape seed group (0.20 ± 0.04 GPa). The nanohardness values of positive and negative control groups after erosion cycles were statistically higher than the initial nanohardness values (p < .05).There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in surface roughness values (p > .05). Macromolecular deposits were observed both in the SEM and AFM images of the pomegranate, Colgate, and rosehip groups. It can be concluded that the clove extract group is more successful in preventing dentin erosion than the other groups. Green tea is also effective in preventing dentin erosion, similar to clove extract.
The application of plant extracts may be a new treatment strategy in preventing dentin erosion.
Plant extracts may also reduce the severity of existing dentin erosion.
Clove and green tea extracts may present novel natural therapy potential by inhibiting dentin erosion.
Kikuchi Cervical Lymphadenitis in Children
Authors: Park Sunyoung , Kim Ji Young , Ryu Young Jin , Lee Hyunju 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate ultrasound (US) features of enlarged cervical lymph nodes (LNs) to differentiate between Kikuchi disease (KD) and other common types of infectious lymphadenitis in an East Asian pediatric patient population.MethodsA total of 142 pediatric patients with KD and 45 patients with infectious lymphadenitis (suppurative lymphadenitis [n = 29], nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis [n = 9], and tuberculous lymphadenitis [n = 7]) were included. The clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and US features of LNs were reviewed. The area under the curve (AUC) from a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used as a diagnostic accuracy measure.ResultsA multiple clustered adjacent pattern, bilaterality, an even size, posterior neck involvement, no enlargement, an elongated‐to‐ovoid shape, homogeneous hypoechogenicity, a well‐defined margin, presence of an echogenic fatty hilum, no intranodal gross necrosis, increased perinodal fat echogenicity, and no increased echogenicity of the adjacent sternocleidomastoid muscle were significant US features of the affected LNs to discriminate KD from infectious lymphadenitis (P < .05). Homogeneous hypoechogenicity in KD showed the highest AUC (0.930) as a single variable (95% confidence interval, 0.88–0.96). The AUCs were increased in 3 combination models with 2 US features: homogeneous echogenicity and 1 of 3 other US features (increased perinodal fat echogenicity, 0.935; number of affected LNs, 0.947; and LN shape, 0.949).ConclusionsHomogeneous hypoechogenicity of LNs was a significant US feature with the highest diagnostic accuracy in differentiating KD from common infectious lymphadenitis on a univariate analysis. In the combination model, US features of an elongated‐to‐ovoid shape and homogeneous hypoechogenicity showed the highest diagnostic accuracy.
Protein corona formed in the gastrointestinal tract and its impacts on oral delivery of nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Tianxu , Zhu Guanyin , Lu Boyao , Qian Zhiyong , Peng Qiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with proteins and the formation of protein corona in the biological fluids are of great interest and significance for drug delivery. In the past decade, the corona formation in the blood and its impacts on the in vitro and in vivo fate of NPs has been well investigated and reviewed. Recently, more and more attention is paid to the nano–protein interactions taking place in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) between the orally administered NPs and the digestive enzymes. The enzyme corona formed in the GIT can significantly affect the properties, gastrointestinal transit, and oral absorption of NPs. Since oral delivery is the most preferred delivery route, comprehensively understanding the corona formation in the GIT and its impacts on oral delivery NPs are of great importance. Herein, we aim to summarize the recent updates on the nano–protein interactions between NPs and digestive enzymes, and launch an interesting discussion on the potentials of using the digestive enzyme corona for the colon targeted delivery.
Avoidable Acute Care Use Associated with Nausea and Vomiting Among Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy or Oxaliplatin
Authors: Navari Rudolph M. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , LeBlanc Thomas W. , Nipp Ryan , Clark-Snow Rebecca , Schwartzberg Lee , Binder Gary , Bailey William L. , Potluri Ravi , Schmerold Luke M. , Papademetriou Eros , Roeland Eric J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) contributes to avoidable acute care, a metric now tracked in Medicare's oncology outcome measure. CINV is preventable, yet guidelines are often not followed. We sought to quantify acute care involving CINV and other avoidable toxicities after highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) to identify excess risk and assess clinician adherence to antiemesis guidelines for HEC.

Materials and Methods
We retrospectively evaluated U.S. electronic health records (2012-2018) using Medicare's OP-35 outcome measure to identify avoidable acute care involving any of 10 toxicities, including CINV, after HEC regimens relative to non-HEC. Antiemetic guideline adherence was defined as use ofneurokinin-1 (NKl) receptor antagonists Q5 (RAs) plus 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 RA+ dexamethasone at HEC initiation.

Results
Among 17,609 patients receiving HEC, acute care rates associated with HEC chemotherapy included 32% cisplatin, 31% carboplatin, and 21% anthracycline/cyclosphospharnide (AC), with 76% meeting the criteria as avoidable events. Oxaliplatin rates were 29%. Avoidable acute care occurred 1.83 times (95% confidence interval, 1.76-1.91, p &lt; .0001) as often after HEC versus non-HEC excluding oxaliplatin; CINV-related acute care occurred 2.29 times as often. Nonadherence to antiemesis guidelines occurred in 34% and 24% of cisplatin and AC courses, respectively, because of omission of a NKl RA.

Conclusions
Patients treated with HEC regimens experienced high avoidable acute care use, 1.8 times the risk seen for other chemotherapy. Nonadherence to guideline-directed antiemetic prophylaxis highlights the need to ensure adherence to antiemetic guidelines, including the use of NKl RA in HEC.

Implications for Practice
After survival, perhaps the most important goal in oncology is limiting avoidable acute care, a goal now used by Medicare to impact cancer reimbursement. This study found that patients treated with highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) regimens had high rates of avoidable acute care use, 1.8 times the risk seen for other chemotherapy. A substantial proportion of the avoidable acute care involved chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Results showed that incomplete adherence to national antiemetic guidelines for HEC regimens primarily driven by omission of upfront neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist use, suggesting that improved adherence can meaningfully resolve this gap in quality and cost of care.
Tensile characterization of graphene nanoplatelet/shape memory alloy/epoxy composites using digital and thermal imaging
Authors: Kilic Ugur , Daghash Sherif M. , Sherif Muhammad M. , Ozbulut Osman E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article explores the tensile deformation and failure characteristics of a hybrid composite where microscale shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers and nanoscale graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were used to reinforce a ductile epoxy matrix. First, the GNPs were incorporated into epoxy system using a hybrid dispersion technique at various weight percentages ranging from 0.25 to 2.50 wt%. The mechanical properties of GNP composites were investigated using monotonic uniaxial tensile tests to failure and were compared to neat epoxy. The GNP concentration that resulted in highest enhancement in tensile properties of the epoxy was identified. Then, the GNP/SMA/epoxy composites were fabricated using a vacuum assisted hand lay‐up technique. The composites were reinforced with SMA fibers at 50% volume ratio and an optimal GNP concentration was added. The tensile response of the developed composites was characterized using full‐field strain measurements captured by a digital image correlation system, while simultaneously the thermal response of the composites was monitored through measurements of an infrared camera. The tensile properties, superelastic response, and failure mechanisms of the developed composites were discussed. Results shows that the developed GNP/SMA/epoxy composites exhibit excellent superelastic characteristics with a maximum strength of 533 MPa and failure elongation of 12.5%.
Safety and quality metrics for process hazard analysis
Authors: Baybutt Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCompanies use metrics to monitor their process safety performance. Process safety metrics may relate to any aspect of a process safety program but many metrics are developed for individual process safety elements, such as process hazard analysis (PHA). Traditional metrics for PHA mostly address aspects of managing PHA studies, such as the timely completion of corrective actions. However, there are other types of metrics that are of interest, specifically those that characterize the level of safety achieved for a process and the level of quality achieved in a study. This article describes the use of such metrics in PHA and provides examples of their use.
Governance of patient‐centred care: A systemic approach to cancer treatment
Authors: Gorod Alex , Hallo Leonie , Merchant Susan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCurrently, policymaking in cancer treatment is based on a reductionist approach and does not consider the differing views of multiple stakeholders in a systemic fashion. Non‐integrated views are not representative of the totality of the real‐life treatment context, and policymakers need to capture that holistic representation in their decision making. This paper uses a ‘systems thinking’ approach to propose a holistic way of capturing different stakeholders' views and integrating these into optimal treatment. Key stakeholders operate within their own system, as well as within the overarching complex system of cancer treatment care. An integrated view will enable policymakers to better understand the various issues involved and invoke a more holistic governance approach that encourages greater integration and emergence. Subject matter experts in Australia were consulted to provide narratives that were used to construct individual systemic views (systemigrams) to represent the constructivist perspectives of two key stakeholder groups: patients and oncology nurses. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to validate the representativeness of the systemigrams created. The systemigrams that captured the perceptions and objectives of patients and nurses were found to be significantly different from each other. Understanding that individual views are only a part of the complex system can lead to a better appreciation of failures within cancer treatment and how to address these through optimal governance. Dynamic integration of differing perspectives in the cancer treatment journey is important. Recognizing and encouraging emergent behaviour among key stakeholders will enable effective governance. Management in cancer care is currently largely undertaken through individual silos with little interaction between those silos. This paper presents a new way of visualizing and conceptualizing governance of cancer treatment that will make governance more holistic and will improve patient‐centred care.
Synthetic Approaches to Tricyclic Aminoketones in the Total Synthesis of Aspidosperma and Kopsia Alkaloids
Authors: Wang Nengzhong , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAspidosperma and kopsia alkaloids are significant functional molecules because of their potent biological activities. Their intricate structures present an intrinsic synthetic challenge and thus attract significant attention from synthetic organic academic community. Over the past decades, a series of elegant strategies has been developed, in particular, the Stork's original Fischer indolization of tricyclic aminoketones 1. Herein, we report a comprehensive review on various synthetic approaches access to tricyclic aminoketones 1 and provide a practical guidance to readers whose are interested in employing tricyclic aminoketones 1 as versatile building blocks in the realm of total synthesis of aspidosperma, kopsia and structurally related alkaloids.
The emerging role of chromatin remodelers in neurodevelopmental disorders: a developmental perspective
Authors: Mossink Britt , Negwer Moritz , Schubert Dirk , Nadif Kasri Nael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), are a large group of disorders in which early insults during brain development result in a wide and heterogeneous spectrum of clinical diagnoses. Mutations in genes coding for chromatin remodelers are overrepresented in NDD cohorts, pointing towards epigenetics as a convergent pathogenic pathway between these disorders. In this review we detail the role of NDD-associated chromatin remodelers during the developmental continuum of progenitor expansion, differentiation, cell-type specification, migration and maturation. We discuss how defects in chromatin remodelling during these early developmental time points compound over time and result in impaired brain circuit establishment. In particular, we focus on their role in the three largest cell populations: glutamatergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, and glia cells. An in-depth understanding of the spatiotemporal role of chromatin remodelers during neurodevelopment can contribute to the identification of molecular targets for treatment strategies.
Smoking-related cue reactivity in a virtual reality setting: association between craving and EEG measures
Authors: Tamburin Stefano , Dal Lago Denise , Armani Federica , Turatti Marco , Saccà Riccardo , Campagnari Simone , Chiamulera Cristiano 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Cue-reactivity is the array of responses that smokers exhibit when exposed to conditioned and contextual stimuli previously associated to substance use. The difficulty to experimentally recreate the complexity of smokers’ spatial experience and context requires more ecological models. Virtual reality (VR) creates a state of immersion close to reality allowing controlled assessments of behavioral responses. To date, no studies investigated brain activation associated to smoking cue-reactivity in VR using electroencephalography (EEG).

Aims
To investigate whether a VR cue-reactivity paradigm (a) may increase smoking craving, (b) is feasible with EEG recording, and (c) induces craving levels associated to EEG desynchronization.

Methods
Smokers (N = 20) and non-smokers (N = 20) were exposed to neutral and smoking-related VR scenarios, without and with smoking conditioned stimuli, respectively. EEG was recorded from occipital and parietal leads throughout the sessions to assess alpha band desynchronization. Smoking and food craving and presence visual analogue scales (VAS) were assessed during the session.

Results
To be smoker, but not non-smoker, significantly influenced smoking craving VAS induced by smoking cue VR but not by neutral VR. No significant food craving changes was observed during the VR sessions. The new finding was that EEG alpha band power in posterior leads was significantly increased by the smoking context scenario only in smokers, and that the degree of smoking (i.e., heavy vs. light) was significantly associated to this neurophysiological measure.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated, for the first time, the feasibility of EEG recording in a VR setting, suggesting that EEG desynchronization may be a neurophysiological marker of smoking cue-reactivity.
Visibility of significant prostate cancer on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—do we still need contrast media?
Authors: Huebner Nicolai Alexander , Korn Stephan , Resch Irene , Grubmüller Bernhard , Gross Tobias , Gale Robert , Kramer Gero , Poetsch Nina , Clauser Paola , Haitel Andrea , Fajkovic Harun , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Baltzer Pascal A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the visibility of clinically significant prostate cancer (PCA) lesions on the sequences multiparametric MRI of the prostate (mpMRI) and to evaluate whether the addition of dynamic contrast–enhanced imaging (DCE) improves the overall visibility.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated multiparametric MRI images of 119 lesions in 111 patients with biopsy-proven clinically significant PCA. Three readers assigned visual grading scores for visibility on each sequence, and a visual grading characteristic analysis was performed. Linear regression was used to explore which factors contributed to visibility in individual sequences.

Results
The visibility of lesions was significantly better with mpMRI when compared to biparametric MRI in visual grading characteristic (VGC) analysis, with an AUCVGC of 0.62 (95% CI 0.55–0.69; p < 0.001). This benefit was seen across all readers. Multivariable linear regression revealed that a location in the peripheral zone was associated with better visibility on T2-weighted imaging (T2w). A higher Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score was associated with better visibility on both diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and DCE. Increased lesion size was associated with better visibility on all sequences.

Conclusions
Visibility of clinically significant PCA is improved by using mpMRI. DCE and DWI images independently improve lesion visibility compared to T2w images alone. Further research into the potential of DCE to impact on clinical decision-making is suggested.

Key Points
• DCE and DWI images independently improve clinically significant prostate cancer lesion visibility compared to T2w images alone.
• Multiparametric MRI (DCE, DWI, T2w) achieved significantly higher visibility scores than biparametric MRI (DWI, T2w).
• Location in the transition zone is associated with poor visibility on T2w, while it did not affect visibility on DWI or DCE.