bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar Heat‐Enhanced Energy Conversion in Devices Based on Photosynthetic Membranes and PEDOT:PSS‐Nanocellulose Electrodes
Authors: Méhes Gábor , Vagin Mikhail , Mulla Mohammad Yusuf , Granberg Hjalmar , Che Canyan , Beni Valerio , Crispin Xavier , Berggren Magnus , Stavrinidou Eleni , Simon Daniel T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnergy harvesting from photosynthetic membranes, proteins, or bacteria through bio‐photovoltaic or bio‐electrochemical approaches has been proposed as a new route to clean energy. A major shortcoming of these and solar cell technologies is the underutilization of solar irradiation wavelengths in the IR region, especially those in the far IR region. Here, a biohybrid energy‐harvesting device is demonstrated that exploits IR radiation, via convection and thermoelectric effects, to improve the resulting energy conversion performance. A composite of nanocellulose and the conducting polymer system poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is used as the anode in biohybrid cells that includes thylakoid membranes (TMs) and redox mediators (RMs) in solution. By irradiating the conducting polymer electrode by an IR light‐emitting diode, a sixfold enhancement in the harvested bio‐photovoltaic power is achieved, without compromising stability of operation. Investigation of the output currents reveals that IR irradiation generates convective heat transfer in the electrolyte bulk, which enhances the redox reactions of RMs at the anode by suppressing diffusion limitations. In addition, a fast‐transient thermoelectric component, originating from the PEDOT:PSS‐nanocellulose‐electrolyte interphase, further increases the bio‐photocurrent. These results pave the way for the development of energy‐harvesting biohybrids that make use of heat, via IR absorption, to enhance energy conversion efficiency.
Acid‐Catalyzed Pseudo Five‐Component Annulation for a General One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Triaryl Pyrimidines
Authors: Ding Yuxin , Ma Renchao , Hider Robert C. , Ma Yongmin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA facile and general synthesis of 2,4,6‐triaryl pyrimidines has been developed. It involves a one‐pot [2+1+1+1+1] pseudo five‐component annulation of one methyl ketone, two aldehydes and two NH4OAc catalyzed by TfOH. One C−C and four C−N bonds are formed during the oxidative annulation process. The reaction shows good tolerance of many important functional groups in air and produces only water as the coproduct, making this methodology a highly versatile alternative to the existing methods for structuring pyrimidine framework.
Is the BasicsCard “shaming” Aboriginal people? Exploring the differing responses to welfare quarantining in Cape York
Authors: Watt Elizabeth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs part of the Cape York Welfare Reform Trial (CYWRT), which has been running in the remote Aboriginal towns of Aurukun, Hope Vale, Mossman Gorge and Coen since 2008, Family Responsibilities Commissioners have the unprecedented ability to quarantine welfare payments. Critics claim this “BasicsCard,” which cannot be spent on alcohol, tobacco, pornography or gambling, brings shame to Aboriginal people – marking them as dependants, deemed incapable of responsible spending. Evaluations of the CYWRT paint a more complicated picture. While many of the “spectators” of the CYWRT report “welfare reform stigma,” the “subjects” themselves are more positive. This paper draws on ethnographic research in Hope Vale to argue that these categories overlap with loosely defined, porous social groups that developed during the town's mission past, described as the “engaged” and “embedded” Hope Valers, respectively. The engaged group tends to be more aware of and sensitive to the views of the dominant society and to subscribe to its “ideology of respectability.” Meanwhile, the latter group tends to adhere to a more egalitarian “ideology of relatedness,” and do not experience the shame, even when their own welfare is quarantined, because the behaviours that trigger quarantining are normalised within their highly circumscribed domain.
Van Der Waals Heterostructures with Spin‐Orbit Coupling
Authors: Rossi Enrico , Triola Christopher 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHerein, recent work on van der Waals (vdW) systems in which at least one of the components has strong spin‐orbit coupling is reviewed, focussing on a selection of vdW heterostructures to exemplify the type of interesting electronic properties that can arise in these systems. First a general effective model to describe the low energy electronic degrees of freedom in these systems is presented. The model is then applied to study the case of (vdW) systems formed by a graphene sheet and a topological insulator. The electronic transport properties of such systems are discussed and it is shown how they exhibit much stronger spin‐dependent transport effects than isolated topological insulators. Then, vdW systems are considered in which the layer with strong spin‐orbit coupling is a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) and graphene‐TMD systems are briefly discussed. In the second part of the article, a case is discussed in which the vdW system includes a superconducting layer in addition to the layer with strong spin‐orbit coupling. It is shown in detail how these systems can be designed to realize odd‐frequency superconducting pair correlations. Finally, twisted graphene‐NbSe2 bilayer systems are discussed as an example in which the strength of the proximity‐induced superconducting pairing in the normal layer, and its Ising character, can be tuned via the relative twist angle between the two layers forming the heterostructure.
High‐Curvature Transition‐Metal Chalcogenide Nanostructures with a Pronounced Proximity Effect Enable Fast and Selective CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Gao Fei‐Yue , Hu Shao‐Jin , Zhang Xiao‐Long , Zheng Ya‐Rong , Wang Hui‐Juan , Niu Zhuang‐Zhuang , Yang Peng‐Peng , Bao Rui‐Cheng , Ma Tao , Dang Zheng , Guan Yong , Zheng Xu‐Sheng , Zheng Xiao , Zhu Jun‐Fa , Gao Min‐Rui , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA considerable challenge in the conversion of carbon dioxide into useful fuels comes from the activation of CO2 to CO2.− or other intermediates, which often requires precious‐metal catalysts, high overpotentials, and/or electrolyte additives (e.g., ionic liquids). We report a microwave heating strategy for synthesizing a transition‐metal chalcogenide nanostructure that efficiently catalyzes CO2 electroreduction to carbon monoxide (CO). We found that the cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoneedle arrays exhibit an unprecedented current density of 212 mA cm−2 with 95.5±4.0 % CO Faraday efficiency at −1.2 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE; without iR correction). Experimental and computational studies show that the high‐curvature CdS nanostructured catalyst has a pronounced proximity effect which gives rise to large electric field enhancement, which can concentrate alkali‐metal cations resulting in the enhanced CO2 electroreduction efficiency.
An Overview of Retinoblastoma and Enucleation in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Leclerc Rachel , Olin Jennifer 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTRetinoblastoma is a rare malignancy of the eye affecting children, most commonly four years old and younger. Although chemotherapy and radiation treatment aim to spare the eye, in some cases, enucleation (ie, removal of the eye) is required to prevent cancer metastases or recurrence. Enucleation procedures are primarily performed at specialty institutions and may involve the surgical placement of an implant in the orbit of the eye. Unique perioperative considerations are required because of the age of the child at the time of the diagnosis and procedure and the involvement of a parent or caregiver who will be caring for the child postoperatively. This article presents an overview of retinoblastoma and enucleation and discusses the care and management of the unique patient population undergoing enucleation.
Anesthesia Professionals’ Perspectives of Teamwork During Robotic‐Assisted Surgery
Authors: Myklebust Monica Voilås , Storheim Håkon , Hartvik Mikaela , Dysvik Elin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRobotic‐assisted surgery (RAS) presents unique teamwork challenges for perioperative team members, including anesthesia professionals. The purpose of this study was to explore anesthesiologists’ and nurse anesthetists’ teamwork experiences during RAS using an exploratory qualitative study design involving individual semistructured interviews. Study participants expressed that teamwork during RAS is both positive and challenging, and the start‐up phase is the most demanding phase of RAS in terms of teamwork. Anesthesia professionals believe that both technical and nontechnical skills are necessary to provide excellent patient care and maintain patient safety during RAS. Furthermore, they believe that a more concentrated focus on nontechnical skills than is traditional is an essential component of teamwork.
Investigation of double network hydrogel with controllable swelling behavior by response surface methodology
Authors: Fan Xialian , Liu Hui , Wang Jingru , Tang Keyong 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTHydrogel with high swelling ratio is extremely bad for its application in tissue engineering, which drastically degrades its mechanical properties and generates greater pressure on surrounding tissues. In this work, it is found that the swelling behavior of gelatin/acrylamide acrylate copolymer‐Fe3+ hydrogels is highly depended on Fe3+ concentration and acrylic acid content. In order to know the swelling mechanism and optimize the nonswellable condition, a mathematical model is built based on response surface methodology. Herein, the computational data are in good correspondence to experimental results by combining the theoretical with experimental results. The hydrogels can endure a compressive stress up to 18 megapascals at 90% strain and maintain good shape recovery under multiple cycle compression. Our results demonstrate that swelling behavior of double network hydrogels can be controlled and the suppression of swelling is conducive to hydrogel with good mechanical strength under physiological conditions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48805.
Piezoelectric polymer microfiber‐based composite for the flexible ultra‐sensitive pressure sensor
Authors: Nguyen Duc‐Nam , Moon Wonkyu 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThis study presents a new type of composite consisting of piezoelectric poly(γ‐benzyl‐α, l‐glutamate) (PBLG) polymer fibers, which contain a large dipole moment, and the elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the matrix material. PBLG microfibers were fabricated and polarized using the electrospinning method and cast in PDMS to form a unidirectional continuous‐fiber composite. The PBLG/PDMS composite was characterized based on various aspects such as crystalline structure, mechanical properties, piezoelectricity, and electromechanical response. The piezoelectric charge constants in the transverse and longitudinal modes were measured to be 10.2 and 54 pC/N, respectively, which are the largest piezoelectric coefficients of biocompatible polymers up to date. The thin PBLG/PDMS composite film can produce up to 200 mV peak‐to‐peak under sinusoidal actuation and exhibit ultra‐sensitivity up to 615 mV N−1. These results show the great potential of the highly flexible piezoelectric polymer fiber‐based composite for use in a variety of applications such as energy harvesting devices, biomechanical self‐powered structures, and force sensors. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48884.
Effects of inorganic filler on performance and cost effectiveness of a soybean‐based adhesive
Authors: Chang Ziwen , Sun Zongxing , Wu Wenbin , Chen Tao , Gao Zhenhua 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTA modified soybean‐based adhesive with improved bonding properties and technological applicability but reduced cost was developed based on the effects of inorganic fillers on the performance of a defatted soybean meal flour (DSF) adhesive. Investigations with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction measurement, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, rheology tests, zeta potential analysis, and plywood evaluation demonstrated that adding inorganic fillers could improve the technological applicability of the adhesive by alleviating shear thinning and decreasing the viscosity up to 71.2%, reduce the adhesive cost up to 9.5% and result in various effects on bonding properties. Two fillers, montmorillonoid and kaolin, were suitable for plywood for exterior use owing to significantly improved water resistance up to 58.9% resulting from penetration of DSF/crosslinker chains into the interlayers of the silicates via intercalation, stable chemical bonds between the fillers and crosslinker, and excellent compatibility between the filler particles and DSF adhesive. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48892.
Surface and Interfacial Chemistry in the Nickel‐Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Kim Junhyeok , Cha Hyungyeon , Lee Hyomyung , Oh Pilgun , Cho Jaephil 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith increasing demands for high energy lithium‐ion batteries, layered nickel‐rich cathode materials have been considered as the most promising candidate due to their high reversible capacity and low cost. Although some of the materials with nickel contents ≦60 % were commercialized, there are tremendous obstacles for further improvement of electrochemical performance, which is strongly related to the unstable cathode surface and interfacial properties. In this regard, a specific review on the interfacial chemistry between the cathode and electrolyte during electrochemical testing is provided. We highlight the underpinning interfacial chemistry and degradation mechanisms of the cathode materials. Finally, light is shed on the recent efforts for enhancing the interfacial stability of the nickel‐rich cathode materials.
The three‐dimensional printing renaissance of individualized anatomical modeling: Are we repeating history?
Authors: Clifton William , Damon Aaron 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized individualized medicine for patient‐specific anatomical modeling and surgical planning. The surge of investigations in model creation for preoperative assessments and patient education has demonstrated improvements in both operative factors and patient satisfaction. In addition, recent technologic advances in 3D printing techniques have provided a resource to create visually pleasing models with chromatic cues for segmentation of adjacent structures. Despite these advances, an important consideration that has yet to be addressed is the quality of representation of the not only the form of structures created, but also the functional relationships of each structure. Jean François Fernel (1497–1558 AD) recognized a similar trend in anatomic innovation over 500 years ago, and sparked a series of texts that challenged the superficial anthropocentric views of the time and led to the foundation of physiologic principles that shaped modern medical philosophy. Accurately generating anatomical structures are directly related to discerning true physiologic function, and a comprehensive understanding of both is essential to hold accountability in fidelity for individualized 3D printing.
Percutaneous closure of restrictive‐type perimembranous ventricular septal defect using the new KONAR multifunctional occluder: Midterm outcomes of the first middle‐eastern experience
Authors: Haddad Raymond N. , Daou Linda S. , Saliba Zakhia S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the safety, efficiency, and midterm outcomes of transcatheter perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) closure using the new KONAR‐MF™ VSD occluder.BackgroundOff‐label percutaneous pmVSD closure is a well‐established procedure with promising results. Yet, interventionists are still searching for the ideal device.MethodsBetween June 2018 and March 2019, 20 patients with hemodynamically significant but restrictive‐type pmVSD underwent an attempted transcatheter closure using the new KONAR‐MF™. All implantations were performed retrogradely under general anesthesia, transoesophageal echocardiography, and fluoroscopic guidance. Prospective follow‐up using transthoracic echocardiography and electrocardiogram was done until August 2019.ResultsThe median age was 6.4 years (8 months to 43.4 years), and the median body weight was 17.3 (9–74) kg. The mean defect size on the left ventricular aspect was 11.7 ± 2.8 mm. All devices were successfully and rapidly implanted. One device embolized in the pulmonary artery, 24 hr after implantation and was percutaneously retrieved with no complication. Over a mean follow‐up period of 8.2 ± 3.0 months, complete closure was achieved in 84.2% of patients. One new onset of mild aortic regurgitation was detected before discharge and remained stable. Tricuspid valve regurgitation, complete heart block, major complication, and death were not observed.ConclusionsTranscatheter pmVSD closure using the KONAR‐MF™ can be successfully performed in adult and pediatric patients. It is a safe and promising device, designed to provide high conformability to septal defects with a lower risk of heart block. Retrograde implantation allows procedural flexibility, efficient deliverability, and control of valvular interferences.
Electrooxidation, Size Stability, and Electrocatalytic Activity of 0.9 nm Diameter Gold Nanoclusters Coated with a Weak Stabilizer
Authors: Pattadar Dhruba K. , Mainali Badri P. , Jasinski Jacek B. , Zamborini Francis P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe describe the electrooxidation and size stability of 0.9 nm average diameter triphenylphosphine monosulfonate (TPPS)‐stabilized Au nanoclusters (NCs) as compared to 1.6 nm tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC)‐stabilized Au NCs and 4.1 nm citrate (Cit)‐stabilized Au nanoparticles (NPs). The potential for oxidative dissolution in KBr follows the order of TPPS Au0.9nm NCs (0.219 V)<THPC Au1.6nm NCs (0.452 V)<Cit Au4.1nm NPs (0.723 V)<bulk Au (ca. 0.932 V), whereas that for surface Au oxide reduction follows the order of TPPS Au0.9nm NCs (0.607 V)<THPC Au1.6nm NCs (0.679 V)<Au4.1nm NPs (0.808 V) vs. Ag/AgCl. TPPS Au0.9nm NCs and Cit Au4.1nm NPs convert to larger aggregates by fusing together in acidic pH, whereas THPC Au1.6nm NCs are highly stable from pH 2.4 to 11. Exposure of TPPS Au0.9nm NCs to ozone causes considerable size increase within 1–2 minutes, similar to previous results on THPC Au1.6nm NCs. THPC Au1.6nm NCs are stable against oxidation after exchange of THPC with 1‐butanethiol, whereas TPPS Au0.9nm NCs dissolve into solution during exchange. TPPS Au0.9nm NCs are inactive for the hydrogen evolution reaction and CO2 reduction reaction, whereas THPC Au1.6nm NCs exhibit excellent activity. The differences in oxidation potential, size instability, and electrocatalytic activity are attributed to the Au size as opposed to the different ligands, whereas the pH‐induced aggregation depends on the acidic or basic nature of the stabilizing ligand.
Deep learning for prediction of cardiac indices from photoplethysmographic waveform: A virtual database approach
Authors: Huttunen Janne M.J. , Kärkkäinen Leo , Honkala Mikko , Lindholm Harri 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDeep learning methods combined with large datasets have recently shown significant progress in solving several medical tasks. However, collecting and annotating large datasets can be a very cumbersome and expensive task. We tackle these problems with a virtual database approach where training data is generated using computer simulations of related phenomena. Specifically, we concentrate on the following problem: can cardiovascular indices such as aortic elasticity, diastolic and systolic blood pressures, and blood flow from heart be predicted continuously using wearable photoplethysmographic sensors? We simulate the blood flow using a haemodynamic model consisting of the entire human circulation. Repeated evaluation of the simulator allows us to create a database of “virtual subjects” with size that is only limited by available computational resources. Using this database, we train neural networks to predict the cardiac indices from photoplethysmographic signal waveform. We consider two approaches: neural networks based on predefined input features and deep convolutional neural networks taking waveform directly as the input. The performance of the methods is demonstrated using numerical examples, thus carrying out a preliminary assessment of the approaches. The results show improvements in accuracy compared with the previous methods. The improvements are especially significant with indices related to aortic elasticity and maximum blood flow. The proposed approach would provide new means to measure cardiovascular health continuously, for example, with a simple wrist device.
Investigation of a new horizon antifungal activity with enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of ciprofloxacin and its binary mixture via their encapsulation in nanoassemblies: in vitro and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Abou Taleb Sally , Darwish Asmaa Badawy , Abood Amira , Mohamed Amany M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to prepare and evaluate nanosponges containing ciprofloxacin (CIP) or its binary mixture with N‐acetyl carnosine (NAC). Nanosponges were prepared by ultrasound‐assisted synthesis technique using hydroxypropyl βeta‐cyclodextrin (HPβ‐CD), as the polymer and diphenyl carbonate (DPC) as the crosslinker. Entrapment efficiency (EE%) of CIP or its binary mixture with NAC in nanosponges was deduced spectrophotometrically. Nanosponges were characterized using several methods. EE% of CIP or its binary mixture with NAC inside nanosponges ranged from 98.63 ± 3.1 to 100 ± 0.07%. Particle size of nanosponges ranged from 66.7 to 90.1 nm. Release of drugs from nanosponges was biphasic and the release pattern followed Korsmeyer–Peppas model. Ex vivo and in vivo studies results showed that the antibacterial effect was enhanced with encapsulation of drugs in the nanosponge system. Furthermore, a potent antifungal activity was obtained from all examined formulae against Candida albicans (10231). The study revealed that successful encapsulation of CIP or its binary mixture with NAC in nanosponge formulations has innovated a new promising therapeutic activity for both drugs.