bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium of methanol + glycerol binary mixture at 31.3 kPa
Authors: Batutah M A , Kuswandi K , Wibawa G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this study the binary vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of methanol + glycerol system were determined experimentally of using modified Glass Otmher - Still. The equilibrium compositions of liquid and vapor phases were analysis using refractometer index type Bausch and Lomb ABBE. The experimental data obtained in this work were thermodynamically consistent based on the area test. The experimental data were correlated well with the Wilson and Non Random Two Liquid (NRTL) and Universal Quasi-Chemical (UNIQUAC) models. The performance of Universal Chemical Functional Group Activity Coefficients (UNIFAC) in predicting VLE of the system studied were evaluated as well.
Capacitive deionization utilizing Activated Biochar – Manganese Dioxide (AB - MD) nanocomposites for desalination applications
Authors: Adorna Jr J , Borines M G , Doong R-A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Faradaic electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) nanocomposites for desalination were synthesized using coconut-shell derived activated biochar (AB) and manganese dioxide (MnO2) for capacitive deionization (CDI). Three different co-precipitation methods were explored to produce the composite such as: (1) indirect liquid-phase combination (ILC) method; (2) direct liquid-phase combination (DLC) method; and (3) acid-assisted grafting oxidation combination (AGO) method. Surface characterization confirmed the presence of α-MnO2 incorporated on the mesoporous activated biochar surface (485.92 m2 g−1) for all the nanocomposites developed. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests show that the three methods yielded a quasi-rectangular and symmetric CV plot indicating good EDLC behavior and a steep EIS plot. The highest specific capacitance of 522.7 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 was observed using AGO method. CDI tests under 1.2 V at varying NaCl concentrations show high capacitive performance of the synthesized electrodes. The ILC method nanocomposite exhibited superior electrosorptive performance with an electrosorption capacity of 114.11 mg g−1 at 500 ppm NaCl concentration. Due to the synergistic effects of the pseudocapacitive redox reaction of MnO2 and the outstanding double-layer charging of AB on the composite, it serves as a suitable CDI electrode for desalination.
An Overview: Analysis of ultrasonic-assisted extraction’s parameters and its process
Authors: Syahir Ahmad , Sulaiman Sarina , Mel Maizirwan , Othman Maizatulnisa , Zubaidah Sulaiman Siti 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Previously, there were many extraction methods that had been done on extracting the oil such as centrifugation, chilling and thawing, hot and cold extraction, on seeds, waste products and plants. Based on those oil extraction methods (OEM), further study is needed to develop more effective processes as most of the methods were having many disadvantages in term of time, cost, quality and safety. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) is used in this project as it is a rapid and effective extraction technique that uses ultrasound to generate rapid movement of solvents, resulting in a higher mass transfer speed as well as acceleration of extraction. Compared to other advanced extraction techniques, UAE is more economic, eco-friendly, and convenient by the reduction of time consumption, higher oil quality and cost reduction. The principle of acoustic cavitation ultrasound which is explained by a series of compression and rarefaction waves induced in the molecules of the medium and the collapse of the bubble during the process of UAE may be discussed. Parameters involved also play the important role in the extraction such as extraction time (ET), extraction temperature (ETem), solvent to material ratio (S/M Ratio) and type of solvent selected. Thus, the paper discusses the application of UAE on oil extraction.
Comparative Study of Total Phenolic Content and Total Flavonoid Content Extraction from Guava Juices by Progressive Freeze Concentration and Evaporation
Authors: Ahmad M. A. , Ghazali N. S. M. , Samsuri S. , Ruslan M. S. H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The guava fruit is rich with high valuable nutrients that have health-promoting features. It has been used over the centuries across various cultures in the world. Nowadays, people enjoy a simpler way to ensure a healthy diet by consuming supplements and juices. Guava juice was concentrated through progressive freeze concentration (PFC) or evaporation techniques. Total phenolic (TPC) content and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined after these processes. TPC was analysed by folin-ciocalteu test and TFC was determined through Dowd method. Temperature and stirring rate were manipulated during the process. It was observed that TPC and TFC were higher for PFC than evaporation techniques, with TPC value of 8.1050 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g guava and TFC value of 0.8296 mg Quercetin/g guava, respectively. It was observed that the increase of temperature will enhance the TPC extraction due to higher mass transfer for extraction but reduce the TFC extraction due to the conversion of flavonoids into monomers.
Effect of addition of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide surfactant toward recovery of bitumen from asbuton with modified hot water process method
Authors: Ariq Y N , Rahmatika F A , Susanto M F , Susianto  , Altway A , Rinanda Z L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Asbuton is a natural asphalt that contained in rock deposits in Buton Island, South East Sulawesi. Asbuton used as an alternative of oil asphalt by separating bitumen from its minerals. The study was conducted to measure bitumen to improve bitumen with the addition of surfactant. In this study, the surfactant used is Dodecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (DTAB), which acts as a wetting agent to decrease the surface tension between bitumen and minerals. Bitumen was separated from asbuton using a modified hot water process that involved mixing and digesting process. Both of these processes performed on a stirred disc turbine tank and four baffles. The process of mixing preheating by stirring asbuton with diesel oil at 250 rpm for 30 minutes. Then the diesel-asbuton mixture was digested with surfactant Dodecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (DTAB) and Sodium Hydroxide and mixed at 1500 rpm for 30 minutes. The surfactant concentration used are 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.375% and the temperature of 70°C, 80°C. The highest result obtained when the surfactant concentration is 0.25% and temperature of 80°C with 56, 46% recovery.
Assessment of patterned membrane in a tilted panel filtration system for fouling control in activated sludge filtration
Authors: Nur Aisyah Wan Osman Wan , Bilad MR , Samsuri Shafirah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a combination between advanced membrane filtration system and activated sludge biological treatment for sewage effluents treatment. Despite demonstrating a remarkable advantage over the conventional activated sludge process, MBR is still limited by the occurrence of membrane fouling problem, which reduces the performance and lifespan of the membrane causing higher maintenance and operation costs. Finding sustainable membrane fouling mitigation strategies has become the main concern in MBR operation. Hence, air bubbling method had been proven as one of the membrane fouling mitigation strategies. Ineffective air bubbling contributes to higher energy consumption for MBR operation. It must be pumped at high rates as low rates air bubbles only show poor contacts with the membrane surface in which limits its efficacy to scour-off the foulant. In this study, the performance of a patterned membrane in a tilted panel system was systematically evaluated to enhance air bubble effectiveness for membrane fouling control in activated sludge filtration. The patterned surface topography in a combination of the tilted panel is expected to enhance air bubbles contacts and increase their fouling control roles. An imprinting step was included into the fabrication procedure in order to create membrane with patterned surface. Results showed that the patterned outperform flat membrane in both tilted and vertical systems. Such an advantage can be ascribed by both the difference in membrane properties (effective surface area and pore size) and the nature of the surface (flat vs patterned). The patterned membrane yields higher permeance in the tilted panel over the vertical one in all tests, being the highest at shortest filtration/relaxation cycle of 5 min, shortest switching period of 2.5 min and highest aeration rate of 1.5 L/min corresponding to permeances of 465 vs 409, 369 vs 318 and 447 vs 381 L/(m2h.bar), respectively. However, since operation with tilting only allows one-sided membrane, the patterned membrane offers better panel productivity when operated in a vertical panel. Operation with switching (intermittent aeration) only offers the slight advantage of panel productivity over the vertical one (546-738 vs 440-632 L/m2h.bar).
Retention of Bioactive Compound in the Concentration of Centella Asiatica Extract through Progressive Freezing
Authors: Amran N. A. , Mohd Rafee N. H. , Samsuri S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Phenolics and flavonoids were the two major bioactive compounds in C.asiatica that contributes to its therapeutic values. However, concentration by evaporation resulted in denaturation of the compounds due to their heat sensitivity nature. Therefore, this paper aims to introduce progressive freezing (PF) process as a new concentration method for the C.asiatica. PF separates two liquid compounds based on their freezing point difference. One with a higher freezing point would solidify first while another one would remain as a liquid. Low temperature involved in this process could minimize the heat abuse to the volatile compounds of C.asiatica. In this study, maceration was done to get the C.asiatica extract by preparing 1:80 ratio of solute to solvent and stirred at 1200 rpm for 24 hours. On the other hand, the PF was conducted in a cylindrical stirred crystallizer. For PF process, two operating parameters which are coolant temperature ranging from −6°C to −12°C, and stirring rate ranging from 100 rpm to 250 rpm have been tested for their effects towards the process performance. Two determinant parameters which were effective partition constant, K and retention efficiency (Reff) of bioactive compounds (flavonoid and phenolic) in the concentrated solution had been used to portray the process efficiency. On completing the experimental work, it was found that lower coolant temperature, and a moderate stirring rate resulted in the higher concentration efficiency of the bioactive compounds. The highest concentration efficiency of 69% and the smallest effective partition constant (K) of 0.51 were achieved at −10°C, 150 rpm and 30 minutes.
A critical review on microwave, fluidised-bed and convective air-drying of low rank coals: The water diffusivity on coals
Authors: Chan Jasper J X , Chong C H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A critical review on drying of low rank coal drying using conventional air-drying, fluidised bed drying and microwave drying methods. The parameters of different drying methods that affected the water effective diffusivity values were identified and critically discussed in details including hot air temperatures, flow rates, particle sizes, particle weights, and microwave powers. The microwave and fluidised bed drying methods are more effective in drying of low rank coal compared to the conventional hot air drying method. This is because the microwave drying method can heat up the internal part of the coal, thus leads to a higher drying rate and effective diffusivity values whereas the fluidised bed causes an uniform distribution of heating medium to heat up the low rank coal and the fluidisation resulted in a better mixing performance and a higher heat and mass transfer compared to the conventional hot air drying. Moreover, Midilli-Kucuk model was the best and most commonly used drying model for drying of the low rank coal. In the fluidised bed drying, the Midilli-Kucuk was the best-fitted drying model to dry the low rank coal whereas Wang & Singh model was the best drying model in the fixed-bed drying for the coarse particle of low rank coal. The microwave drying kinetics can be modeled using either the Page Model or Midilli-Kucuk model. Further to this, it was found that few parameters that significantly affected the effective diffusivity of the low rank coal are increasing temperature and flow rates of the convective air-drying meanwhile increasing the particle size and particle weight results in a decrease in effective diffusivity value for the fluidized-bed drying.
Study of the in-situ growth of carbon nanofibers on cement clinker
Authors: Cao Xiaoyin , Li Xiaodong , Ma Suhua , Shen Xiaodong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Because fibres are difficult to disperse evenly in cement-based materials, we attempted to grow carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in situ on Portland cement clinker particles using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The results show that the phase compositions and alite polymorph didn’t change for the Portland cement clinker treated at 600 °C in the atmosphere of blended gas containing argon (Ar), hydrogen (H2) and acetylene (C2H2). The CNFs was successfully grown in situ on the Portland cement clinker due to the reaction of C2H2 in the presence of H2. The diameter and length of the CNFs were 20–30 nm and 0.6–0.9 μm respectively. C3S is the main component of cement clinker. The hydration of C3S plays a crucial role in the performance of cementitious composites. The hydration of C3S was significantly delayed and reduced due to the incorporation of CNFs.
Targeting mitochondrial fission as a potential therapeutic for abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Cooper Hannah A , Cicalese Stephanie , Preston Kyle J , Kawai Tatsuo , Okuno Keisuke , Choi Eric T , Kasahara Shingo , Uchida Haruhito A , Otaka Nozomu , Scalia Rosario , Rizzo Victor , Eguchi Satoru 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
Angiotensin II (AngII) is a potential contributor to the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). In aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), exposure to AngII induces mitochondrial fission via dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). However, pathophysiological relevance of mitochondrial morphology in AngII-associated AAA remains unexplored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial fission is involved in the development of AAA.

Methods and results
Immunohistochemistry was performed on human AAA samples and revealed enhanced expression of Drp1. In C57BL6 mice treated with AngII plus β-aminopropionitrile, AAA tissue also showed an increase in Drp1 expression. A mitochondrial fission inhibitor, mdivi1, attenuated AAA size, associated aortic pathology, Drp1 protein induction, and mitochondrial fission but not hypertension in these mice. Moreover, western-blot analysis showed that induction of matrix metalloproteinase-2, which precedes the development of AAA, was blocked by mdivi1. Mdivi1 also reduced the development of AAA in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice infused with AngII. As with mdivi1, Drp1+/− mice treated with AngII plus β-aminopropionitrile showed a decrease in AAA compared to control Drp1+/+ mice. In abdominal aortic VSMCs, AngII induced phosphorylation of Drp1 and mitochondrial fission, the latter of which was attenuated with Drp1 silencing as well as mdivi1. AngII also induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and enhanced leucocyte adhesion and mitochondrial oxygen consumption in smooth muscle cells, which were attenuated with mdivi1.

Conclusion
These data indicate that Drp1 and mitochondrial fission play salient roles in AAA development, which likely involves mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory activation of VSMCs.
Deleterious effect of right ventricular pacing in patients with cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis: potential clinical benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Aouate David , Menet Aymeric , Bellevre Dimitri , Damy Thibaud , Marechaux Sylvestre 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Cardiac amyloidosis involvement is associated with a detrimental outcome including frequent arrhythmias, heart failure, and conduction disturbances which may need permanent pacing.

Cases summary
We report two cases of patients with transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) who developed heart failure and depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) following permanent right ventricular (RV) pacing but highly responded to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).

Discussion
The impact of RV pacing and CRT in cardiac amyloidosis is not known. In our cases, the detrimental effect of permanent RV pacing on left ventricular (LV) systolic function and heart failure symptoms was suggested by both permanent RV pacing mediated functional and LV function decline and LV systolic dysfunction reversal following CRT along with QRS width reduction. Whether cardiac resynchronization should be readily recommended in ATTR patients who need ventricular pacing whatever the LVEF deserves further investigation.
Late atrioventricular groove disruption presenting 7 years after mitral valve replacement: a case report
Authors: Murad Ciro Mancilha , Ferreira Letícia Braga , Rausch Rochelle Coppo Militão , Gelape Cláudio Léo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Left ventricular rupture is the most feared complication in mitral valve surgery. Despite its low incidence, mortality rates can reach up to 75%. It usually presents on the operating room with a dissecting haematoma followed by massive bleeding after discontinuing cardiopulmomary bypass. However, cardiac rupture may be contained by adherent pericardium or scar tissue leading to chronic formation of a pseudoaneurysm (PSA).

Case summary
A 44-year-old man came to our institution with acute heart failure triggered by community-acquired pneumonia. He underwent mitral valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis 7 years before and reported suffering from chronic worsening dyspnoea for 18 months. He underwent chest computed tomography scan and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), which showed two extensive left ventricular (LV) multilobulated PSAs. An operative approach was chosen and a tear was found on the posterior atrioventricular groove (AVG), communicating left ventricle with the PSA, which was closed with bovine pericardium patch. After weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, he presented a diffuse life-threatening bleeding. The surgeons packed his chest with compresses before closing the sternum and he was operatively revised after 48 h. Post-operative CMRI showed that one of the PSAs remained connected with the LV. Despite of all, 1 year after hospital discharge, he remains asymptomatic without signs of heart failure.

Discussion
This case illustrates PSAs' potential to grow for a long period before causing symptoms, the complexity and risks of chronic AVG disruption surgery and the importance of careful annular manipulation and debridement as preventive measures in mitral valve surgery.
Thrombolysis as first-line therapy for Medtronic/HeartWare HVAD left ventricular assist device thrombosis
Authors: Dimitrov Kamen , Maier Julian , Sandner Sigrid , Riebandt Julia , Wiedemann Dominik , Moayedifar Roxana , Schlöglhofer Thomas , Angleitner Philipp , Niederdöckl Jan , Schima Heinrich , Tschernko Edda , Laufer Guenther , Zimpfer Daniel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

We reviewed our institutional experience with intravenous thrombolysis (TL) as first-line therapy in patients with Medtronic/HeartWare HVAD left ventricular assist device pump thrombosis (PT).

METHODS
From March 2006 to November 2018, 30 Medtronic/HeartWare HVAD left ventricular assist device patients had 48 PT events. We analysed outcomes with intravenous Alteplase as a first-line therapy for PT. Pump exchange or urgent heart transplantation was only considered after the failure of TL or existing contraindications to TL.

RESULTS
TL was used as the first-line therapy in 44 PT events in 28 patients without a contraindication to TL. TL was successful in 61.4% of PT events. More than 1 cycle of TL was necessary in 55.6% of events. The combined success of TL and heart transplantation or device exchange was 81.8%. In 15.9% of events, PT was fatal. Causes of death were severe complications (9.1%) related to TL or discontinuation of therapy for multi-organ failure (6.8%). Intracranial bleeding and arterial thromboembolism were observed in 4.5% and 11.5% of the PT events after TL.

CONCLUSIONS
Intravenous TL as a first-line therapy for PT in Medtronic/HeartWare HVAD patients can be a reasonable treatment option and does not preclude subsequent heart transplantation or device exchange. However, thromboembolic and bleeding complications are common. The decision to perform TL or device exchange should, therefore, be made on an individual basis after balancing the risks and benefits of different treatment approaches.
Schermers’ Dilemma
Authors: Klabbers Jan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article, part of the symposium on ‘theorizing international organizations law’, discusses the work (and a little of the life and influence) of Henry G. (Hein) Schermers, arguably the leading functionalist international organizations lawyer of the post-war era. The article discusses how Schermers’ work solidified and consolidated functionalism and unwittingly laid bare its ‘Achilles heel’. Confronted with the growing popularity of human rights and keenly devoted to human rights, Schermers faced a dilemma when the possible responsibility of international organizations for human rights violations came up – a dilemma his functionalism was unable to solve. Therewith, zooming in on Schermers’ handling of the dilemma confirms that functionalist international organizations law is unable to address the responsibility of international organizations towards third parties. International organizations law will need to find different theoretical resources in order to come to terms with responsibility.
Distribution of phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from cultivated oysters and estuarine water
Authors: Jeamsripong Saharuetai , Khant Winn , Chuanchuen Rungtip 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
A total of 594 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from cultivated oysters (n = 361) and estuarine water (n = 233) were examined for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotype and genotype and virulence genes. Four hundred forty isolates (74.1%) exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent and 13.5% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant strains. Most of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant to erythromycin (54.2%), followed by sulfamethoxazole (34.7%) and trimethoprim (27.9%). The most common resistance genes were qnr (77.8%), strB (27.4%) and tet(A) (22.1%), whereas blaTEM (0.8%) was rarely found. Four isolates (0.7%) from oysters (n = 2) and estuarine water (n = 2) were positive to tdh, whereas no trh-positive isolates were observed. Significantly positive associations among AMR genes were observed. The SXT elements and class 1, 2 and 3 integrons were absent in all isolates. The results indicated that V. parahaemolyticus isolates from oysters and estuarine water were potential reservoirs of resistance determinants in the environment. This increasing threat of resistant bacteria in the environment potentially affects human health. A ‘One Health’ approach involved in multidisciplinary collaborations must be implemented to effectively manage antimicrobial resistance.