bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School nurse reported supply and administration of naloxone in schools
Authors: McDonald Catherine C. , Pinto‐Martin Jennifer , Compton Peggy , Parikh Madeleine , Meisel Zachary F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe school nurse reported naloxone supply and administration in Pennsylvania, as well as nurse and school‐level characteristics associated with naloxone availability.MethodsCross‐sectional, online survey with school nurses in Pennsylvania. Data were collected (3/14/18‐6/5/18) on school nurse demographic and professional characteristics, school characteristics, naloxone supply and administration, and when not available, reasons for not having a naloxone supply.ResultsA total of 362 school nurses met inclusion criteria, representing schools in 56 of the 67 Pennsylvania counties. Over half of the school nurses reported a naloxone supply in their school building (53.6%, n = 194). Additionally, 5.2% of those who had a naloxone supply reported that it had been administered in their school or at a school sponsored activity. The most common reasons for not having naloxone available included lack of support and the belief that naloxone was not needed in their school.ConclusionAlthough many school nurses reported having a naloxone supply in their school, and a small percentage reported administration, particular barriers to access and use remain.
Lessons from Japan marine stock enhancement and sea ranching programmes over 100 years
Authors: Kitada Shuichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMore than 26 billion juveniles of 180 marine species are released annually into the wild in over 20 countries, but the usefulness of this strategy remains unclear. Here, I analyse the effects of stocking by Japanese marine and salmon stock enhancement programmes and evaluate their efficacy through a Bayesian meta‐analysis of new and previously considered cases. The posterior mean recapture rate (±SD) was 8.3 ± 4.7%. Without considering personnel costs and negative impacts on wild populations, the mean economic efficiency was 2.8 ± 6.1, with many cases having values of 1 to 2. On the macro‐scale, the proportion of released seeds to total catch was 76 ± 20% for Japanese scallop, 28 ± 10% for abalone, 20 ± 5% for swimming crab, 13 ± 5% for kuruma prawn, 11 ± 4% for Japanese flounder and 7 ± 2% for red sea bream; according to these percentages, stocking effects were generally small, and population dynamics were unaffected by releases but dependent on the carrying capacity of the nursery habitat. All cases of Japanese releases, except for Japanese scallop, were probably economically unprofitable. Captive breeding reduces the fitness of hatchery fish in the wild. In addition, long‐term releases replace wild genes and may cause fitness decline in the recipient population when the proportion of hatchery fish is very high. Short‐term hatchery stocking can be useful, particularly for conservation purposes, but large‐scale programmes may harm the sustainability of populations. Nursery habitat recovery and fishing pressure reduction often outperform hatcheries in the long run.
Women and Buddhism in East Asian History: The Case of the Blood Bowl Sutra, Part I: China
Authors: Meeks Lori 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis two‐part series examines an often‐overlooked aspect of Buddhist practice that was ubiquitous in late medieval and early modern China and Japan: cults to the Blood Bowl Sutra. According to the logic of this indigenous Chinese sutra, women are destined for a special hell composed of uterine blood, where they are to be punished for the pollution they produce during childbirth and/or menstruation. While cults to the Blood Bowl Sutra have mostly disappeared in modern times—and despite the fact that they have been largely forgotten, even by historians of East Asia—they were, by the 16th and 17th centuries, a common part of women's religious lives in both China and Japan. Cults to the Blood Bowl Sutra comprised a diverse set of practices that engaged concerns about female bodies, motherhood, filial piety, and suffering in hell. Part I focuses on the development of such cults in China, and Part II focuses on the cults' spread in Japan.
Home bias in divestment decisions of multinational corporations in the EU
Authors: Resmini Laura , Vittucci Marzetti Giuseppe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe empirically investigate the claim that multinational corporations (MNCs) suffer from a “home bias” in divestment decisions: MNCs prefer to divest from foreign subsidiaries because the “emotional involvement” and the commitment in divesting from domestic subsidiaries is larger. This issue has not been yet empirically explored in the economic literature, although it is quite recurrent in the political debate on MNCs and FDI. Using detailed company‐level data on the EU corporate groups during the economic crisis (2008–2014), we show that, in spite of prima facie empirical evidence of a home bias, the bias disappears when firm‐, country‐, and sector‐specific factors are accounted for.
DNA taxonomy of the potamid freshwater crabs from Northern Africa (Decapoda, Potamidae)
Authors: Marrone Federico , Vecchioni Luca , Deidun Alan , Mabrouki Youness , Arab Abdeslam , Arculeo Marco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Mediterranean area, from southern Balkans to western Maghreb, is inhabited by the Potamon subgenus Euthelphusa, with three currently recognised species. The Maghrebian species P. (E.) algeriense is isolated from other Potamon species by the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara Desert, and nearly no molecular data are currently available for this taxon. Present study investigated the mtDNA and nuDNA diversity in Potamon algeriense s.l. with the aims of exploring its molecular diversity pattern throughout its known distribution range, and testing the possible presence of cryptic taxa currently lumped under this binomen. The phylogenetic and DNA taxonomy analyses showed the presence of two well‐supported clades of species rank within P. algeriense s.l, with an eastern clade including the populations from Tunisia and Numidia, and a western, highly structured clade including the populations from central Algeria and Morocco. In agreement with a typical Maghrebian biogeographic pattern, the distribution of these two species shows a clear east–west divide, with a disjunction zone located in Kabylia, and a strong link between molecular diversity and segregation within different hydrographical basins is evident. The Maghreb thus proved to host an unexpectedly high genetic diversity of, and to constitute a biodiversity hot‐spot for, the Potamon subgenus Euthelphusa. In the light of the existence of two well‐characterised species currently lumped under P. algeriense s.l., and of their noteworthy molecular structuring, the status of Maghrebian Potamon populations should be re‐assessed for both the species present in the area, which are to be considered as independent management units.
The CURE Protocol: evaluation and external validation of a new public health strategy for treating paediatric hydrocephalus in low-resource settings
Authors: Lepard Jacob R , Dewan Michael C , Chen Stephanie H , Bankole Olufemi B , Mugamba John , Ssenyonga Peter , Kulkarni Abhaya V , Warf Benjamin C 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionManaging paediatric hydrocephalus with shunt placement is especially risky in resource-limited settings due to risks of infection and delayed life-threatening shunt obstruction. This study evaluated a new evidence-based treatment algorithm to reduce shunt-dependence in this context.MethodsA prospective cohort design was used. The CURE Protocol employs preoperative and intraoperative data to choose between endoscopic treatment and shunt placement. Data were prospectively collected for 730 children in Uganda (managed by local neurosurgeons highly experienced in the protocol) and, for external validation, 96 children in Nigeria (managed by a local neurosurgeon trained in the protocol).ResultsThe age distribution was similar between Uganda and Nigeria, but there were more cases of postinfectious hydrocephalus in Uganda (64.2% vs 26.0%, p<0.001). Initial treatment of hydrocephalus was similar at both centres and included either a shunt at first operation or endoscopic management without a shunt. The Nigerian cohort had a higher failure rate for endoscopic cases (adjusted HR 2.5 (95% CI 1.6 to 4.0), p<0.001), but not for shunt cases (adjusted HR 1.3 (0.5 to 3.0), p=0.6). Despite the difference in endoscopic failure rates, a similar proportion of the entire cohort was successfully treated without need for shunt at 6 months (55.2% in Nigeria vs 53.4% in Uganda, p=0.74).ConclusionUse of the CURE Protocol in two centres with different populations and surgeon experience yielded similar 6-month results, with over half of all children remaining shunt-free. Where feasible, this could represent a better public health strategy in low-resource settings than primary shunt placement.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia referred to a national immunodeficiency clinic reveals a B-cell signature resembling common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
Authors: Ponsford Mark James , Steven Rachael , Bramhall Kathyrn , Burgess Mathew , Wijetilleka Sonali , Carne Emily , McGuire Frances , Price Colin R , Moody Mo , Zouwail Soha , Tahir Tayyeb , Farewell Daniel , El-Shanawany Tariq , Jolles Stephen R A 
Published: February 2020

AimsAn association between antibody deficiency and clozapine use in individuals with schizophrenia has recently been reported. We hypothesised that if clozapine-associated hypogammaglobulinaemia was clinically relevant this would manifest in referral patterns.MethodsRetrospective case note review of patients referred and assessed by Immunology Centre for Wales (ICW) between January 2005 and July 2018 with extraction of clinical and immunological features for individuals with diagnosis of schizophrenia-like illness.Results1791 adult patients were assessed at ICW during this period; 23 patients had a psychiatric diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Principal indications for referral were findings of low calculated globulin and immunoglobulins. Clozapine was the single most commonly prescribed antipsychotic (17/23), disproportionately increased relative to reported use in the general schizophrenia population (OR 6.48, 95% CI: 1.79 to 23.5). Clozapine therapy was noted in 6/7 (86%) of patients subsequently requiring immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT). Marked reduction of class-switched memory B cells (CSMB) and plasmablasts were observed in clozapine-treated individuals relative to healthy age-matched controls. Clozapine duration is associated with CSMB decline. One patient discontinued clozapine, with gradual recovery of IgG levels without use of IgRT.ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with enrichment of clozapine-treatment within schizophrenic individuals referred for ICW assessment over the last 13 years. These individuals displayed clinical patterns closely resembling the primary immunodeficiency common variable immunodeficiency, however appears reversible on drug cessation. This has diagnostic, monitoring and treatment implications for psychiatry and immunology teams and directs prospective studies to address causality and the wider implications for this patient group.
Investigation on Mo-doped SnO2 for potential use in magnetoelectronic applications: The DFT framework
Authors: Ziat Younes , Hammi Maryama , Zarhri Zakaryaa , Laghlimi Charaf , Bouachraoui Rachid , El Rhazouani Omar , Cruz Argüello Julio Cesar 
Published: February 2020

The goal of this paper is to study the effect of the small amount of molybdenum-doped [Formula: see text] on the magnetism behavior of that system. We utilized the density functional theory (DFT): DFT framework within MACHIKANEYAMA2002V09 package based on Coherent Potential Approximation (CPA). Inducing the magnetism in the diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) with a low dopant concentration at adequate room-temperature is a challenge, so, we restricted the Mo impurity at 2%. In addition, the small amount of Mo-doped [Formula: see text] is found optimal in many studies related to other fields. The ferromagnetic stability is observed in [Formula: see text] system, since the [Formula: see text] state of Mo element is found around the Fermi level and is 100% spin polarized, the half-metallic characteristic is useful in magnetoelectronic applications. Within the mean-field approximation (MFA) we predict the Curie temperature, as an obtained value, the [Formula: see text] K, consequently, the present system showed potential promise for real applications.
Emerging micro and nanotechnologies in neuroscience: Devices, fabrication methods, and implementation in monitoring of neural activity and drug delivery
Authors: Hasan Muhammad Noman , Radwan A. N. , Kim Myeongseop , Kucukal Erdem , Maji Debnath , Pashaei Vida , Chung Chen-Yuan , Kakkar Abhishek , Gurkan Umut A. 
Published: February 2020

Neural activity that occur during motor movement, speech, thought, and various other events can be observed in the form of brainwaves composed of synchronized electrical pulses emitted from adjoining communicative neurons. Observations of these brainwaves have been made possible through neurodevices, which can detect changes in electrical and/or mechanical parameters. For decades, the field of neuroscience has been enriched by the utilization of neurotechnologies at the microscale, which has begun to gain further enhancement with the introduction of nanotechnology. For example, microelectrodes were initially used for only extracellular measurements, but over the past decade, developments have been made to also record intracellular signals. Likewise, nanoknives, which gained popularity due to their versatility, can now be used for both fabricating bio-Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and also as a neurosurgery tool. Thus, considerable efforts have been made over the years to make micro- and nanosystems reliable, accurate, and sensitive to neural activity. In the late 20th century, several sophisticated technologies, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring have been integrated with MEMS. Furthermore, existing biotechnologies are being miniaturized at both the system and component level. For example, there is a remarkable interest in the field of neuroscience to utilize microfluidic technology as a diagnostic tool using specimens such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Microfluidic devices are also employed as biocompatible drug delivery systems to target cells, tissues, and organs. This paper summarizes the recent developments in micro- and nano-scale neurotechnologies, including devices, fabrication processes, detection methods, their implementation challenges, in neural stimulation, monitoring, and drug delivery. This review discusses recent developments in micro and nanotechnologies, fabrication methods, and their implementation in neuroimaging, neurostimulation, monitoring of neural activities, and neural drug delivery.
Raman Spectroscopy Reveals That Biochemical Composition of Breast Microcalcifications Correlates with Histopathologic Features
Authors: Vanna Renzo , Morasso Carlo , Marcinnò Beatrice , Piccotti Francesca , Torti Emanuele , Altamura Davide , Albasini Sara , Agozzino Manuela , Villani Laura , Sorrentino Luca , Bunk Oliver , Leporati Francesco , Giannini Cinzia , Corsi Fabio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Breast microcalcifications are a common mammographic finding. Microcalcifications are considered suspicious signs of breast cancer and a breast biopsy is required, however, cancer is diagnosed in only a few patients. Reducing unnecessary biopsies and rapid characterization of breast microcalcifications are unmet clinical needs. In this study, 473 microcalcifications detected on breast biopsy specimens from 56 patients were characterized entirely by Raman mapping and confirmed by X-ray scattering. Microcalcifications from malignant samples were generally more homogeneous, more crystalline, and characterized by a less substituted crystal lattice compared with benign samples. There were significant differences in Raman features corresponding to the phosphate and carbonate bands between the benign and malignant groups. In addition to the heterogeneous composition, the presence of whitlockite specifically emerged as marker of benignity in benign microcalcifications. The whole Raman signature of each microcalcification was then used to build a classification model that distinguishes microcalcifications according to their overall biochemical composition. After validation, microcalcifications found in benign and malignant samples were correctly recognized with 93.5% sensitivity and 80.6% specificity. Finally, microcalcifications identified in malignant biopsies, but located outside the lesion, reported malignant features in 65% of in situ and 98% of invasive cancer cases, respectively, suggesting that the local microenvironment influences microcalcification features. This study confirms that the composition and structural features of microcalcifications correlate with breast pathology and indicates new diagnostic potentialities based on microcalcifications assessment.

Significance:
Raman spectroscopy could be a quick and accurate diagnostic tool to precisely characterize and distinguish benign from malignant breast microcalcifications detected on mammography.
Papéis discursivos para mulher: uma análise dos casos da revista Veja e do discurso presidencial brasileiro
Authors: Ponsoni Samuel , Costa Júlia Lourenço 
Published: February 2020

O objetivo deste texto é fazer uma análise teórico-comparativa entre estereótipos de mulher contidos em dois discursos diferentes: 1) a reportagem produzida pela revista Veja acerca de Marcela Temer, em abril de 2016; 2) o pronunciamento de Michel Temer na ocasião do Dia Internacional da Mulher, em março de 2017. Buscamos compreender efeitos de sentido ideológicos que aliam e complementam esses discursos. Partimos do arcabouço teórico da análise do discurso de matriz francesa, relacionando duas noções-conceito – a de pré-construído e a articulação de discursos transversos – aos estereótipos mobilizados, a fim de refletir como os dois discursos, dados em tempos distintos, formam essa correlação discursiva.
Comparison of Transfemoral Versus Transradial Secondary Access in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Junquera Lucía , Urena Marina , Latib Azeem , Muñoz-Garcia Antonio , Nombela-Franco Luis , Faurie Benjamin , Veiga-Fernandez Gabriela , Alperi Alberto , Serra Vicenç , Regueiro Ander , Fischer Quentin , Himbert Dominique , Mangieri Antonio , Colombo Antonio , Muñoz-García Erika , Vera-Urquiza Rafael , Jiménez-Quevedo Pilar , de la Torre Jose Maria , Pascual Isaac , Garcia del Blanco Bruno , Sabaté Manel , Mohammadi Siamak , Freitas-Ferraz Afonso B. , Guimarães Leonardo , Couture Thomas , Côté Melanie , Rodés-Cabau Josep 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Transfemoral approach has been commonly used as secondary access in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Scarce data exist on the use and potential clinical benefits of the transradial approach as secondary access during TAVR procedures. The objective of the study is to determine the occurrence of vascular complications (VC) and clinical outcomes according to secondary access (transfemoral versus transradial) in patients undergoing TAVR.

Methods:
This was a multicenter study including 4949 patients who underwent TAVR (mean age, 81±8 years, mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, 4.9 [3.3–7.5]). Transfemoral and transradial approaches were used as secondary access in 4016 (81.1%) and 933 (18.9%) patients, respectively. The 30-day clinical events (vascular and bleeding complications, stroke, acute kidney injury, and mortality) were evaluated and defined according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria. Clinical outcomes were analyzed according to the secondary access (transfemoral versus transradial) in the overall population and in a propensity score-matched population involving 2978 transfemoral and 928 transradial patients.

Results:

Related-access VC occurred in 834 (16.9%) patients (major VC, 5.7%) and were related to the secondary access in 172 (3.5%) patients (major VC, 1.3%). The rate of VC related to the secondary access was higher in the transfemoral group (VC, 4.1% versus 0.9%,
P
<0.001; major VC, 1.6% versus 0%,
P
<0.001). In the propensity score-matched population, VC related to the secondary access remained higher in the transfemoral group (4.7% versus 0.9%,
P
<0.001; major VC, 1.8% versus 0%,
P
<0.001), which also exhibited a higher rate of major/life-threatening bleeding events (1.0% versus 0%,
P
<0.001). Significant differences between secondary access groups were observed regarding the rates of 30-day stroke (transfemoral: 3.1%, transradial: 1.6%;
P
=0.043), acute kidney injury (transfemoral: 9.9%, transradial: 5.7%;
P
<0.001), and mortality (transfemoral: 4.0%, transradial: 2.4%,
P
=0.047).

Conclusions:
The use of transradial approach as secondary access in TAVR procedures was associated with a significant reduction in vascular and bleeding complications and improved 30-day outcomes. Future randomized studies are warranted.
Effect of Hyperoxia on Myocardial Oxygenation and Function in Patients With Stable Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Guensch Dominik P. , Fischer Kady , Yamaji Kyohei , Luescher Silvia , Ueki Yasushi , Jung Bernd , Erdoes Gabor , Gräni Christoph , von Tengg‐Kobligk Hendrik , Räber Lorenz , Eberle Balthasar 
Published: February 2020

Background

The impact of hyperoxia, that is, supraphysiological arterial partial pressure of O
2
, on myocardial oxygen balance and function in stable multivessel coronary artery disease (
CAD
) is poorly understood. In this observational study, we assessed myocardial effects of inhalational hyperoxia in patients with
CAD
using a comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance exam.

Methods and Results

Twenty‐five patients with stable
CAD
underwent a contrast‐free cardiovascular magnetic resonance exam in the interval between their index coronary angiography and subsequent revascularization. The cardiovascular magnetic resonance exam involved T1 and T2 mapping for tissue characterization (fibrosis, edema) as well as function imaging, from which strain analysis was derived, and oxygenation‐sensitive cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. The latter modalities were both acquired at room air and after breathing pure O
2
by face mask at 10 L/min for 5 minutes. In 14 of the 25
CAD
patients (56%), hyperoxia induced poststenotic myocardial deoxygenation with a subsequent oxygenation discordance across the myocardium. Extent of deoxygenation was correlated to degree of stenosis (
r
=−0.434,
P
=0.033). Hyperoxia‐associated poststenotic deoxygenation was accompanied by ipsiregional reduction of diastolic strain rate (1.39±0.57 versus 1.18±0.65;
P
=0.045) and systolic radial velocity (37.40±17.22 versus 32.88±13.58;
P
=0.038). Increased T2, as well as lower cardiac index, and defined abnormal strain parameters on room air were predictive for hyperoxia‐induced abnormalities (
P
<0.05). Furthermore, in patients with prolonged native T1 (>1220 ms), hyperoxia reduced ejection fraction and peak strain.

Conclusions

Patients with
CAD
and pre‐existent myocardial injury who respond to hyperoxic challenge with strain abnormalities appear susceptible for hyperoxia‐induced regional deoxygenation and deterioration of myocardial function.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02233634.