bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the diagnostic value of serum specific antibody testing for coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Yan Meitian , Zheng Yutong , Sun Yanmei , Wang Lan , Luan Liang , Liu Jing , Tian Xiao , Wan Nan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has spread to various regions worldwide. As of 27 April 2020, according to real‐time statistics released by the World Health Organization, there have been 84 341 confirmed cases and 4643 deaths in China, with more than 2 979 484 confirmed cases and 206 450 deaths outside China. The detection of antibodies produced during the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections has become an important laboratory method for the diagnosis of COVID‐19. However, at present, a little research on these specific antibodies has been conducted. In this study, a retrospective analysis was used to explore the dynamic changes of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody and factors affecting diagnostic efficacy, so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
The cytokine storm and COVID‐19
Authors: Hu Biying , Huang Shaoying , Yin Lianghong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has caused a large global pandemic and poses a serious threat to public health. More than 4 million cases of COVID‐19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), have been confirmed as of 11 May 2020. SARS‐CoV‐2 is a highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus that primarily spreads through respiratory droplets and close contact. A growing body of clinical data suggests that a cytokine storm is associated with COVID‐19 severity and is also a crucial cause of death from COVID‐19. In the absence of antivirals and vaccines for COVID‐19, there is an urgent need to understand the cytokine storm in COVID‐19. Here, we have reviewed the current understanding of the features of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the pathological features, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatments of the cytokine storm induced by COVID‐19. In addition, we suggest that the identification and treatment of the cytokine storm are important components for rescuing patients with severe COVID‐19.
In vivo microstimulation with cathodic and anodic asymmetric waveforms modulates spatiotemporal calcium dynamics in cortical neuropil and pyramidal neurons of male mice
Authors: Stieger Kevin C. , Eles James R. , Ludwig Kip A. , Kozai Takashi D. Y. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectrical stimulation has been critical in the development of an understanding of brain function and disease. Despite its widespread use and obvious clinical potential, the mechanisms governing stimulation in the cortex remain largely unexplored in the context of pulse parameters. Modeling studies have suggested that modulation of stimulation pulse waveform may be able to control the probability of neuronal activation to selectively stimulate either cell bodies or passing fibers depending on the leading polarity. Thus, asymmetric waveforms with equal charge per phase (i.e., increasing the leading phase duration and proportionately decreasing the amplitude) may be able to activate a more spatially localized or distributed population of neurons if the leading phase is cathodic or anodic, respectively. Here, we use two‐photon and mesoscale calcium imaging of GCaMP6s expressed in excitatory pyramidal neurons of male mice to investigate the role of pulse polarity and waveform asymmetry on the spatiotemporal properties of direct neuronal activation with 10‐Hz electrical stimulation. We demonstrate that increasing cathodic asymmetry effectively reduces neuronal activation and results in a more spatially localized subpopulation of activated neurons without sacrificing the density of activated neurons around the electrode. Conversely, increasing anodic asymmetry increases the spatial spread of activation and highly resembles spatiotemporal calcium activity induced by conventional symmetric cathodic stimulation. These results suggest that stimulation polarity and asymmetry can be used to modulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of neuronal activity thus increasing the effective parameter space of electrical stimulation to restore sensation and study circuit dynamics.
The classification of countable models of set theory
Authors: Clemens John , Coskey Samuel , Dworetzky Samuel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study the complexity of the classification problem for countable models of set theory (). We prove that the classification of arbitrary countable models of is Borel complete, meaning that it is as complex as it can conceivably be. We then give partial results concerning the classification of countable well‐founded models of .
l‐Arginine supplementation of gilts during early gestation modulates energy sensitive pathways in pig conceptuses
Authors: Garcia Ingrid S. , Teixeira Susana A. , Costa Karine A. , Marques Daniele B. D. , Rodrigues Gustavo de A. , Costa Thaís C. , Guimarães José D. , Otto Pamela I. , Saraiva Alysson , Ibelli Adriana M. G. , Cantão Maurício E. , de Oliveira Haniel C. , Ledur Mônica C. , Peixoto Jane de O. , Guimarães Simone E. F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDietaryl‐arginine (ARG) supplementation has been studied as a nutritional strategy to improve reproductive performance of pregnant sows, since arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid. However, reports addressing the molecular mechanisms that mediate supplementation effects on embryos and fetuses development are still scarce. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of 1.0% ARG supplementation of commercial pregnant gilts on genes and proteins from energy metabolism and antioxidant defense pathways in embryos and fetuses. We also analyzed the global transcriptome profile of 25‐ and 35‐day‐old conceptuses. At Day 25, we observed a lower abundance of phospho‐AMP‐activated protein kinase (phospho‐AMPK) protein and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation system genes in ARG embryos. On the other hand, ARG fetuses showed greater expression ofMLST8and lower expression ofMTORgenes, in addition to lower abundance of phospho‐AMPK and phospho‐mammalian target of rapamycin (phospho‐mTOR) proteins. Transcriptome analysis at Day 35 did not present differentially expressed genes. For the antioxidant defense pathway, no differences were found between CON and ARG conceptuses, only trends. In general, supplementation of gilts with 1.0% ARG during early gestation affects energy sensitive pathways in 25‐ and 35‐day conceptuses; however, no effects of supplementation were found on the antioxidative defense pathway in 25‐day embryos.
Spectral estimates for saddle point matrices arising in weak constraint four‐dimensional variational data assimilation
Authors: Daužickaitė Ieva , Lawless Amos S. , Scott Jennifer A. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: June 2020

SummaryWe consider the large sparse symmetric linear systems of equations that arise in the solution of weak constraint four‐dimensional variational data assimilation, a method of high interest for numerical weather prediction. These systems can be written as saddle point systems with a 3 × 3 block structure but block eliminations can be performed to reduce them to saddle point systems with a 2 × 2 block structure, or further to symmetric positive definite systems. In this article, we analyse how sensitive the spectra of these matrices are to the number of observations of the underlying dynamical system. We also obtain bounds on the eigenvalues of the matrices. Numerical experiments are used to confirm the theoretical analysis and bounds.
Risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacterial isolation in patients with cystic fibrosis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Reynaud Quitterie , Bricca Romain , Cavalli Zoe , Nove‐Josserand Raphaële , Durupt Stéphane , Reix Philippe , Burgel Pierre Régis , Durieu Isabelle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo better understand the mechanisms of infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), we explore different risk factors associated with NTM positivity in a meta‐analysis.MethodsStudies published before 31 July 2019 were selected from MEDLINE. Combined odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by pooling the ORs of each study. The weighted mean difference (WMD) was used for continuous numerical measurements. Summary data were pooled using fixed‐ or random‐effects models according to the presence of heterogeneity (P < .1 or I2 > 50%).ResultsNineteen studies with a total of 23 418 patients, of whom 1421 (6%) were diagnosed as NTM positive, were included. Older age was significantly associated with NTM positivity (WMD = 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11‐3.13; P < .01, fixed‐effects model). The OR for Staphylococcus aureus colonization was 1.66 (95% CI: 1.21‐2.26; P = .001) in 11 studies (8091 patients), the OR for Aspergillus fumigatus colonization was 3.59 (95% CI: 3.05‐4.23; P < .001) in 11 studies (20 480 patients), and the OR for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia colonization was 3.41 (95% CI: 2.66‐4.39; P < .01) in seven studies (14 935 patients). Oral corticosteroids were significantly associated with NTM positivity (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.24‐3.16; P < .01, 6 studies, 1936 patients). No other factor showed a significant association.ConclusionOlder age, S. aureus, S. maltophilia, and A. fumigatus chronic colonization, and oral corticosteroids were significantly associated with an increased risk of NTM positivity. CF patients with more severe conditions should be closely monitored for NTM.
Risk factors for atopic and nonatopic asthma in Puerto Rican children
Authors: Landeo‐Gutierrez Jeremy , Han Yueh‐Ying , Forno Erick , Rosser Franziska J. , Acosta‐Pérez Edna , Canino Glorisa , Celedón Juan C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the risk factors for atopic and nonatopic asthma among children in Puerto Rico. We aimed to identify modifiable risk factors for atopic and nonatopic asthma in this vulnerable population.MethodsCase‐control study of children with (n = 305) and without (n = 327) asthma in San Juan (Puerto Rico). Asthma was defined as physician‐diagnosed asthma and wheeze in the previous year. Atopic asthma (n = 210) was defined as asthma and greater than or equal to one positive IgE to aero‐allergens. Nonatopic asthma (n = 95) was defined as asthma and no positive IgE to the allergens tested. Logistic regression was used for the multivariable analysis of atopic and nonatopic asthma.ResultsIn a multivariable analysis, body mass index (BMI) z score, prematurity, parental asthma, lifetime exposure to gun violence, and having a bird in the child's home were associated with increased odds of atopic asthma, while each one‐point increment in a dietary score (range: −2 [least healthy diet] to +2 [healthiest diet]) was associated with 37% reduced odds of atopic asthma (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48‐0.81; P < .01). In a separate multivariable analysis, parental asthma, early‐life second‐hand smoke (SHS) exposure, and daycare attendance in the first year of life were significantly associated with increased odds of nonatopic asthma, while each one‐point increment in the dietary score was associated with 42% reduced odds of nonatopic asthma (95% CI = 0.45‐0.76; P < .01).ConclusionsWe have identified potentially modifiable risk factors for atopic asthma (eg, BMI and gun violence), nonatopic asthma (eg, early‐life SHS and daycare attendance), or both (eg, an unhealthy diet) in Puerto Rican children.
Diversity, enrichment, and genomic potential of anaerobic methane- and ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms from a brewery wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Stultiens Karin , van Kessel Maartje A.H.J. , Frank Jeroen , Fischer Peter , Pelzer Chris , van Alen Theo A. , Kartal Boran , Op den Camp Huub J.M. , Jetten Mike S.M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnaerobic wastewater treatment offers several advantages; however, the effluent of anaerobic digesters still contains high levels of ammonium and dissolved methane that need to be removed before these effluents can be discharged to surface waters. The simultaneous anaerobic removal of methane and ammonium by denitrifying (N-damo) methanotrophs in combination with anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria could be a potential solution to this challenge. After a molecular survey of a wastewater plant treating brewery effluent, indicating the presence of both N-damo and anammox bacteria, we started an anaerobic bioreactor with a continuous supply of methane, ammonium, and nitrite to enrich these anaerobic microorganisms. After 14 months of operation, a stable enrichment culture containing two types of ‘CandidatusMethylomirabilis oxyfera’ bacteria and two strains of ‘Ca. Brocadia’-like anammox bacteria was achieved. In this community, anammox bacteria converted 80% of the nitrite with ammonium, while ‘Ca. Methylomirabilis’ contributed to 20% of the nitrite consumption. The analysis of metagenomic 16S rRNA reads and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) correlated well and showed that, after 14 months, ‘Ca. Methylomirabilis’ and anammox bacteria constituted approximately 30 and 20% of the total microbial community. In addition, a substantial part (10%) of the community consisted ofPhycisphaera-related planctomycetes. Assembly and binning of the metagenomic sequences resulted in high-quality draft genome of two ‘Ca. Methylomirabilis’ species containing the marker genespmoCAB,xoxF, andnirSand putative NO dismutase genes. The anammox draft genomes most closely related to ‘Ca.Brocadia fulgida’ included the marker geneshzsABC,hao, andhdh. Whole-reactor and batch anaerobic activity measurements with methane, ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate revealed an average anaerobic methane oxidation rate of 0.12 mmol h−1 L−1and ammonium oxidation rate of 0.5 mmol h−1 L−1. Together, this study describes the enrichment and draft genomes of anaerobic methanotrophs from a brewery wastewater treatment plant, where these organisms together with anammox bacteria can contribute significantly to the removal of methane and ammonium in a more sustainable way.Key points•An enrichment culture containing both N-damo and anammox bacteria was obtained.• Simultaneous consumption of ammonia, nitrite, and methane under anoxic conditions.•In-depth metagenomic biodiversity analysis of inoculum and enrichment culture.
High Occurrence of Thrombo-Embolic Complications During Long-Term Follow-up After Pleural Infections—A Single-Center Experience with 536 Consecutive Patients Over 17 Years
Authors: Ala-Seppälä Henna Maria , Ukkonen Mika Tapani , Lehtomäki Antti Ilmari , Pohja Emilia Susanna , Nieminen Jaakko Juhani , Laurikka Jari Olavi , Khan Jahangir Ari 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Pleural infections are associated with significant inflammation, long hospitalizations, frequent comorbidities, and are often treated operatively—all of which are consequential risk factors for thrombo-embolic complications. However, their occurrence following the treatment of pleural infection is still unknown. The aim of the study was to ascertain the early and long-term occurrence of thrombo-embolic events in patients treated for pleural infections.

Methods
The study included all patients that were treated for pleural infections in Tampere University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2016. Data regarding later treatment episodes due to pulmonary embolisms and/or deep vein thromboses as well as survival data were requested from national registries. The rates were also compared to a demographically matched reference population adjusted for age, sex, and the location of residence.

Results
The final study population comprised 536 patients and 5318 controls (median age 60, 78% men). The most common etiology for pleural infection was pneumonia (73%) and 85% underwent surgical treatment for pleural infection. The occurrence of thrombo-embolic complications in patients and controls was 3.8% vs 0.1% at three months, 5.0% vs 0.4% at one year, 8.8% vs 1.0% at three years, and 12.4% vs 1.8% at five years, respectively, p < 0.001 each. Female sex, advanced age, chronic lung disease, immunosuppression, video-assisted surgery, and non-pneumonic etiology were associated with a higher incidence of thrombo-embolism.

Conclusions
The occurrence of thrombo-embolic events—particularly pulmonary embolism but also deep vein thrombosis—was significant in patients treated for pleural infections, both initially and during long-term follow-up.
Fifty years of impact on liver pathology: a history of the Gnomes
Authors: Torbenson Michael , Desmet Valeer , Denk Helmut , Callea Francesco , Burt Alastair D. , Hübscher Stefan G. , Terracciano Luigi , Dienes Hans-Peter , Goodman Zachary D. , Bedossa Pierre , Wanless Ian R. , Roberts Eve A. , Brunt Elizabeth M. , Clouston Andrew D. , Gouw Annette S.H. , Kleiner David , Schirmacher Peter , Tiniakos Dina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProfessional societies play a major role in medicine and science. The societies tend to be large with well-developed administrative structures. An additional model, however, is based on small groups of experts who meet regularly in an egalitarian model in order to discuss disease-specific scientific and medical problems. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of this model, the history and practices are examined of a long-standing successful example, the International Liver Pathology Group, better known as theGnomes. The history shows that groups such as the Gnomes offer a number of important benefits not available in larger societies and nurturing such groups advances science and medicine in meaningful ways. The success of the Gnomes’ approach provides a road map for future small scientific groups.
Activation of transient receptor potential channel Sm.(Schistosoma mansoni)TRPMPZQ by PZQ, enhanced Ca++ influx, spastic paralysis, and tegumental disrupture—the deadly cascade in parasitic schistosomes, other trematodes, and cestodes
Authors: Harder Achim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAfter almost 50 years of praziquantel (PZQ) research, Park and Marchant (Trends Parasitol 36:182–194, 2020) described the Ca++-permeable transient receptor potential (TRP) channel Sm.TRPMPZQ in Schistosoma mansoni as target of PZQ. Here we describe the deadly cascade in schistosomes which is induced by the (R)-PZQ enantiomer that includes contemporaneous stereoselective activation of Sm.TRPMPZQ-mediated Ca++ influx, disturbed Ca++ homeostasis, Ca++-dependent spastic paralysis, and Ca++- and PZQ-dependent disruption of parasitic teguments. Under normal conditions, there is a reversible balance between bilayer, isotropic, and HII phases in biological membranes (Jouhet 2013). In vitro, we could observe an irreversible but not stereoselective transition to the HII phase in liposomes consisting of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS), two naturally occurring phospholipids in schistosomes, by the concerted action of Ca++ and PZQ (Harder 2013). HII structures are a prerequisite for induction of fusion processes (Jouhet 2013), which, indeed, become visible as blebs, vacuolation processes, and large balloon-like surface exudates in a large variety of PZQ-sensitive parasitic flukes and cestodes after PZQ treatment. These tegument damages are irreversible. As homologs of Sm.TRPMPZQ are also present in the other trematodes S. japonicum, S. haematobium, or Clonorchis sinensis and cestodes Taenia solium, Echinococcus multilocularis, or Hymenolepis microstoma (Park and Marchant, Trends Parasitol 36:182–194, 2020), it is suggested that a similar deadly cascade will be operating generally in PZQ-sensitive parasites.
Incidence and case fatality of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted to hospital between 2008 and 2014 in Norway
Authors: Øie Lise R. , Solheim Ole , Majewska Paulina , Nordseth Trond , Müller Tomm B. , Carlsen Sven M. , Jensberg Heidi , Salvesen Øyvind , Gulati Sasha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
To provide age- and sex-specific incidence and case fatality rates for non-traumatic aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) in Norway. We also studied time trends in incidence and case fatality, as well as predictors of death following aSAH.

Methods
A nationwide study using discharge data for patients admitted with aSAH between 2008 and 2014.

Results
A total of 1732 patients with aSAH were included. The mean age was 60 years (SD 14) and 63% were females. Crude annual incidence was 5.7 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 5.4–6.0) and was higher in females (6.3 per 100,000, 95% CI 5.9–6.7) compared with males (4.9 per 100,000, 95% CI 4.5–5.3). The annual decline in aSAH incidence was 3.2% per year (p = 0.007). The cumulative proportions of fatalities at days 30, 90, and 1 year were 22%, 25%, and 37%, respectively. The 30-day mortality rate did not change during the study period. Age (HR 0.7–2.2) and aneurysms in the posterior circulation (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.3, p = 0.001) were associated with higher 30-day case fatality following aSAH, while aneurysm repair (HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.2–0.3, p < 0.001) was associated with lower risk.

Conclusions
The incidence of aSAH declined in Norway between 2008 and 2014. Case fatality following aSAH continues to be high, and the 30-day mortality during the study period was unchanged. Increasing age and aneurysms in the posterior circulation were associated with increased risk of death within 30 days following aSAH.
Protective effect of the oral administration of cystine and theanine on oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy: a pilot randomized trial
Authors: Kobayashi Minoru , Sato Ryuichiro , Komura Toshihiro , Ichikawa Hidetaka , Hirashima Tomoaki , Otake Satoshi , Akazawa Naoya , Yazawa Takashi , Abe Tomoya , Okada Takaho , Kakita Tetsuya , Oikawa Masaya , Tsuchiya Takashi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Oxaliplatin, one of the key cytotoxic drugs for colorectal cancer, frequently causes peripheral neuropathy which leads to dose modification and decreased patients’ quality of life. However, prophylactic or therapeutic measures have not yet been established. Orally administered amino acids, cystine and theanine, promoted the synthesis of glutathione which was one of the potential candidates for preventing the neuropathy. The aim of this study was to determine whether daily oral administration of cystine and theanine attenuated oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OXLIPN).

Methods
Twenty-eight colorectal cancer patients who received infusional 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) therapy were randomly and evenly assigned to the cystine and theanine group and the control group. OXLIPN was assessed up to the sixth course using original 7-item questionnaire as well as Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grading scale.

Results
Neuropathy scores according to our original questionnaire were significantly smaller in the cystine and theanine group at the fourth (p = 0.026), fifth (p = 0.029), and sixth course (p = 0.038). Furthermore, significant differences were also observed in CTCAE neuropathy grades at the fourth (p = 0.037) and the sixth course (p = 0.017). There was one patient in each group who required dose reduction due to OXLIPN. Except for neurotoxicity, no significant differences were noted in the incidence of adverse events, and the total amount of administered oxaliplatin.

Conclusion
The results demonstrated the daily oral administration of cystine and theanine attenuated OXLIPN.