bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Engagement of African American Patients with Glaucoma during Medical Encounters: Creation of a Pre-visit Video
Authors: Sleath Betsy , Davis Scott A. , Carpenter Delesha M. , Robin Alan L. , Muir Kelly W. , Lee Charles , Garcia Nacire , Budenz Donald L. 
Published: July 2020

SIGNIFICANCE
The developed video can be accessed by African American patients with glaucoma from across the United States on YouTube to learn why it is important to ask eye care providers any questions they might have about glaucoma and/or its treatment.

PURPOSE
Our objective was to develop an educational video for African Americans with glaucoma to watch before their ophthalmology office visits to help motivate them to be actively involved in their care.

METHODS
The Social Cognitive Theory guided the development of the video. We conducted three focus groups with African American patients with glaucoma and three focus groups with providers who care for African American patients with glaucoma. The research team reviewed the transcripts of the focus groups and then developed a plan for video production.

RESULTS
The themes that both patients and providers felt should be covered in the video to motivate patient question-asking included the following: what is glaucoma, glaucoma treatment, glaucoma testing, and treatment adherence. Based on focus group results, the resulting video had one male African American physician and four African American patients covering the themes that emerged.

CONCLUSIONS
Ophthalmologists and African Americans with glaucoma gave us excellent insight into developing videos to increase patient involvement during their visits.
Case Report: Nutritional and Toxic Optic Neuropathy: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Monferrer-Adsuara Clara , García-Villanueva Carolina , Mata-Moret Lucía , Ortiz-Salvador Miguel , Remolí-Sargues Lidia , Cervera-Taulet Enrique 
Published: July 2020

SIGNIFICANCE
Nutritional and toxic optic neuropathies are rare disorders characterized by visual impairment due to optic nerve damage by a toxin, usually with coexisting nutritional deficiencies. Its pathophysiology is still unclear, and multiple mechanisms implicated act synergistically to bring about this condition. The decline in its incidence and its confusing clinical appearance make diagnosing nutritional and toxic optic neuropathies challenging.

PURPOSE
This is an observational clinical case report of an atypical clinical case of a nutritional and toxic optic neuropathy with a subacute presentation and papilledema at the time of diagnosis. The patient provided written informed consent for medical information and images to be published.

CASE REPORT
A 47-year-old man presented with progressive, painless bilateral decrease in central vision over 15 days. The patient had a long-standing history of alcohol abuse and was a heavy smoker. The examination revealed dyschromatopsia, 20/400 visual acuity on both eyes, and no relative afferent pupillary defect. Funduscopy revealed bilateral papilledema. A visual field test showed generalized depression with centrocecal involvement in the left eye. Laboratory studies evidenced decreased vitamin B12/B1 and red blood cell folate levels, increased acute phase reactants, hypertransaminasemia, and macrocytic anemia. Serologies and methanol in urine were negative. After the discontinuation of tobacco use and alcohol accompanied by vitamin supplementation, our patient's visual field, visual acuity, and papilledema improved remarkably. After 5 months, visual acuity and funduscopy were normal.

CONCLUSIONS
Although some hallmark signs were visible in this case, its subacute presentation and the presence of papilledema at diagnosis caused some diagnostic uncertainty. Nutritional and toxic optic neuropathy is a rare and challenging diagnosis because of a lack of biomarkers. Eye care clinicians should consider nutritional and toxic optic neuropathies to prevent severe and irreversible visual damage resulting from underdiagnosis and mismanagement.
Lateral Position With Gantry Tilt Further Improves Computed Tomography Image Quality Reconstructed Using Single-Energy Metal Artifact Reduction Algorithm in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Onodera Maki , Aratani Kazunori , Shonai Takaharu , Ogura Keishi , Kamo Ken-ichi , Ogi Kazuhiro , Kondo Atsushi , Hatakenaka Masamitsu 
Published: July 2020

Objective
To assess the limitations of single-energy metal artifact reduction algorithm in the oral cavity and evaluate the availability of a solution by setting the patient in a lateral position (LP) with the use of a gantry tilt (GT).

Methods
We analyzed 88 patients with dental metals retrospectively in study 1, and 74 patients prospectively in study 2. Patients were classified: metal I with dental metals in 1 region, metal II in 2 regions, and metal III in 3 regions. Patients underwent neck computed tomography examinations in a supine position (SP) in study 1, and 2 positions, an LP with a GT and an SP, in study 2. All images were reconstructed with this algorithm. Image quality was scored using a 4-point scale: 1 = severe artifact, 2 = moderate artifact, 3 = slight artifact, 4 = no artifact. The scores were compared between metal I, metal II, and metal III using the Mann-Whitney U test in study 1, and between an LP with a GT and an SP using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test in study 2.

Results
The scores outside the dental arch were significantly higher in metal I than in metal II and metal III (3.0 ± 0.6 vs 2.3 ± 0.5 vs 2.2 ± 0.4; P < 0.0001 for metal I vs metal II and for metal I vs metal III) and significantly higher in an LP with a GT than an SP (3.2 ± 0.4 vs 2.3 ± 0.4; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Single-energy metal artifact reduction algorithm could reduce metal artifacts adequately in patients with dental metals in 1 region, but not in 2 or more regions. However, even for the latter, combination of this algorithm and an LP with a GT could further improve the image quality.
Differentiation of Focal-Type Autoimmune Pancreatitis From Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Using Radiomics Based on Multiphasic Computed Tomography
Authors: E Linning , Xu Yan , Wu Zhifeng , Li Li , Zhang Na , Yang Hao , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Lu Lin , Zhao Binsheng 
Published: July 2020

Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop a radiomics model for a differential diagnosis of focal-type autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Methods
A total of 96 patients, 45 with AIP and 51 with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, were retrospectively evaluated. All patients underwent pretreatment abdominal computed tomography imaging acquired at noncontrast, arterial, and venous phases. Furthermore, 1160 radiomics features were extracted from each phasic image to build radiomics models. The performance of radiomics model was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The results of radiomics model were also compared with those of radiologists' visual assessments.

Results
The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the optimal radiomics model were 93.3%, 96.1%, and 94.8%, respectively. They were higher than those of the radiologists' assessments with sensitivity of 57.78% and 73.33%, specificity of 88.24% and 90.20%, and accuracy of 75.00% and 81.25%, respectively.

Conclusion
Radiomics is helpful for a differential diagnosis of AIP in clinical practice as a noninvasive and quantitative method.
Diagnostic Value of Global Cardiac Strain in Patients With Myocarditis
Authors: Secchi Francesco , Monti Caterina Beatrice , Alì Marco , Carbone Francesco Saverio , Cannaò Paola Maria , Sardanelli Francesco 
Published: July 2020

Background
Cardiac strain represents an imaging biomarker of contractile dysfunction.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of cardiac strain obtained by feature-tracking cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) in acute myocarditis.

Materials and Methods
Cardiac MR examinations of 46 patients with myocarditis and preserved ejection fraction at acute phase and follow-up were analyzed along with cardiac MR of 46 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Global circumferential strain and global radial strain were calculated for each examination, along with myocardial edema and late gadolinium enhancement, and left ventricle functional parameters, through manual contouring of the myocardium. Correlations were assessed using Spearman ρ. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess differences between data. Receiver operating characteristics curves and reproducibility were obtained to assess the diagnostic role of strain parameters.

Results
Global circumferential strain was significantly lower in controls (median, −20.4%; interquartile range [IQR], −23.4% to −18.7%) than patients in acute phase (−18.4%; IQR, −21.0% to −16.1%; P = 0.001) or at follow-up (−19.2%; IQR, −21.5% to −16.1%; P = 0.020). Global radial strain was significantly higher in controls (82.4%; IQR, 62.8%–104.9%) than in patients during the acute phase (65.8%; IQR, 52.9%–79.5%; P = 0.001). Correlations were found between global circumferential strain and global radial strain in all groups (acute, ρ = −0.580, P < 0.001; follow-up, ρ = −0.399, P = 0.006; controls, ρ = −0.609, P < 0.001), and between global circumferential strain and late gadolinium enhancement only in myocarditis patients (acute, ρ = 0.035, P = 0.024; follow-up, ρ = 0.307, P = 0.038).

Conclusions
Cardiac strain could potentially have a role in detecting acute myocarditis in low-risk acute myocarditis patients where cardiac MR is the main diagnosing technique.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals and COVID-19 relationships: a computational systems biology approach
Authors: Wu Qier , Coumoul Xavier , Grandjean Philippe , Barouki Robert , Audouze Karine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients at high risk of severe forms of COVID-19 frequently suffer from chronic diseases, but other risk factors may also play a role. Environmental stressors, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), can contribute to certain chronic diseases and might aggravate the course of COVID-19.ObjectivesTo explore putative links between EDCs and COVID-19 severity, an integrative systems biology approach was constructed and applied.MethodsAs a first step, relevant data sets were compiled from major data sources. Biological associations of major EDCs to proteins were extracted from the CompTox database. Associations between proteins and diseases known as important COVID-19 comorbidities were obtained from the GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. Based on these data, we developed a tripartite network (EDCs-proteins-diseases) and used it to identify proteins overlapping between the EDCs and the diseases. Signaling pathways for common proteins were then investigated by over-representation analysis.ResultsWe found several statistically significant pathways that may be dysregulated by EDCs and that may also be involved in COVID-19 severity. The Th17 and the AGE/RAGE signaling pathways were particularly promising.ConclusionsPathways were identified as possible targets of EDCs and as contributors to COVID-19 severity, thereby highlighting possible links between exposure to environmental chemicals and disease development. This study also documents the application of computational systems biology methods as a relevant approach to increase the understanding of molecular mechanisms linking EDCs and human diseases, thereby contributing to toxicology prediction.
The Linkage among Sea Transportation, Trade Liberalization and Industrial Development in the context of Carbon Dioxide Emissions: An Empirical Investigation from China
Authors: Kalaycı Salih , Özden Cihan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe major goal of this paper is to focus on the existing literature regarding the linkage between maritime, trade liberalization and industrial development in the context of CO2by using econometrical model. In this context, it is attempted to reveal the effects of independent variables on CO2(dependent variable) for China from 1980 to 2013 (annual data) by implementing Phillips-Perron (PP), Zivot-Andrews unit root tests, FMOLS, DOLS, CCR, ARDL and GMM methods. According to results of FMOLS, DOLS and CCR models there is a long-term stable relationship between sea transportation, trade liberalization, industrial development and carbon dioxide emissions which is proved empirically. Similarly, Short term ARDL estimation results reveal that the main determinants of CO2in the short-run are changed in industrial development and maritime transport at 1% significance level. Table 6 summarizes the short-term ARDL results and the findings regarding the error correction model. According to Table 6, error correction model works in order to reach short-run adjustment. In the short term, approximately 78% of shocks in industrial development, maritime transport and trade liberalization are compensated within a period of time and the system is re-established in the long term. China produced half of the 1.2 million electric media used worldwide; the government directs its attention to the rehabilitation and reuse of all these lithium-ion batteries. Large-scale production of biofuels can still be several years away. Crude oil might be very difficult to promote alternative fuels on a national scale unless crude oil prices surge so high as to become unaffordable. Authorities underline: China will become the world’s number one economy. Now renewable energy will be more important, which should be encouraged to use by government on transportation so as to reduce the CO2emissions. However, China can be leader excess oil use for transport if they want to dominate the economy worldwide.
Atlas55+: Brain Functional Atlas of Resting-state Networks for Late Adulthood
Authors: Doucet Gaelle E. , Labache Loic , Thompson Paul M. , Joliot Marc , Frangou Sophia ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrently, several human brain functional atlases are used to define the spatial constituents of the resting-state networks (RSNs). However, the only brain atlases available are derived from samples of young adults. As brain networks are continuously reconfigured throughout life, the lack of brain atlases derived from older populations may influence RSN results in late adulthood. To address this gap, the aim of the study was to construct a reliable brain atlas derived only from older participants. We leveraged resting-state functional MRI data from three cohorts of healthy older adults (total N=563; age=55-95years) and a younger-adult cohort (N=128; age=18-35 years). We identified the major RSNs and their subdivisions across all older-adult cohorts. We demonstrated high spatial reproducibility of these RSNs with an average spatial overlap of 67%. Importantly, the RSNs derived from the older-adult cohorts were spatially different from those derived from the younger-adult cohort (p=2.3×10−3). Lastly, we constructed a novel brain atlas, called Atlas55+, which includes the consensus of the major RSNs and their subdivisions across the older-adult cohorts. Thus, Atlas55+ provides a reliable age-appropriate template for RSNs in late adulthood and is publicly available. Our results confirm the need for age-appropriate functional atlases for studies investigating aging-related brain mechanisms.
An interactive meta-analysis of MRI biomarkers of myelin
Authors: Mancini Matteo , Karakuzu Agah , Cohen-Adad Julien , Cercignani Mara , Nichols Thomas , Stikov Nikola 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeveral MRI measures have been proposed as in vivo biomarkers of myelin, each with applications ranging from plasticity to pathology. Despite the availability of these myelin-sensitive modalities, specificity and sensitivity have been a matter of discussion. Debate about which MRI measure is the most suitable for quantifying myelin is still ongoing. In this study, we performed a systematic review of published quantitative validation studies to clarify how different these measures are when compared to the underlying histology. We analysed the results from 43 studies applying meta-analysis tools, controlling for study sample size and using interactive visualization (https://neurolibre.github.io/myelin-meta-analysis). We report the overall estimates and the prediction intervals for the coefficient of determination and find that MT and relaxometry-based measures exhibit the highest correlations with myelin content. We also show which measures are, and which measures are not statistically different regarding their relationship with histology.
Teladorsagia circumcincta1,6 bisphosphate aldolase: molecular and biochemical characterisation, structure analysis and recognition by immune hosts
Authors: Umair S. , Bouchet C.L.G. , Palevich N. , Knight J.S. , Simpson H.V. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTA 1095 bp full length cDNA encodingTeladorsagia circumcinctaaldolase (TciALDO) was cloned, expressed inEscherichia coli,the recombinant protein purified and its kinetic properties determined. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using helminth aldolase sequences. The predicted protein consisted of 365 amino acids and was present as a single band of about 44 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Multiple alignments of the protein sequence ofTciALDO with homologues from other helminths showed that the greatest similarity (93%) to the aldolases ofHaemonchus contortusandDictyocaulus viviparus, 82-86% similarity to the other nematode sequences and 68-71% similarity to cestode and trematode enzymes. Substrate binding sites and conserved regions were identified and were completely conserved in other homologues. At 25 °C, the optimum pH forTciALDO activity was pH 7.5, the Vmaxwas 432 ± 23 nmoles.min−1.mg−1protein and the apparent Kmfor the substrate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate was 0.24 ± 0.01 μM (mean ± SEM, n = 3). Antibodies in both serum and saliva from field-immune, but not nematode-naïve, sheep recognised recombinantTciALDO in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The recognition of the recombinant protein by antibodies generated by exposure of sheep to native aldolase indicates similar antigenicity of the two proteins.
SARS-CoV-2 infects cells following viral entry via clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Bayati Armin , Kumar Rahul , Francis Vincent , McPherson Peter S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith more than 51 million cases and 1.3 million deaths, and with the resulting social upheaval, the COVID-19 pandemic presents one of the greatest challenges ever to human society. It is thus vital to fully understand the biology of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 uses its spike glycoprotein to interact with the cell surface as a first step in the infection process. Using purified spike glycoprotein and lentivirus pseudotyped with spike glycoprotein, we now demonstrate that following engagement with the plasma membrane, SARS-CoV-2 undergoes rapid clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This suggests that transfer of viral RNA to the cell cytosol occurs from the lumen of the endosomal system, and importantly clathrin-heavy chain knockdown, which blocks clathrin-mediated endocytosis, reduces viral infectivity. This discovery reveals important new information about the basic biology of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.
CHEST DRAIN AEROSOL GENERATION IN COVID-19 AND EMISSION REDUCTION USING A SIMPLE ANTI-VIRAL FILTER
Authors: Duffy Clodagh , Kidd Andrew C. , Francis Sarah , Tsim Selina , McNaughton Laura , Ferguson Katie , Ferguson Jenny , Rodgers Gary , McGroarty Claire , Sayer Robin , Blyth Kevin G. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has been characterised by significant in-hospital virus transmission and deaths among healthcare workers. Sources of in-hospital transmission are not fully understood, with special precautions currently reserved for procedures previously shown to generate aerosols (particles <5 microns). Pleural procedures are not currently considered AGPs, reflecting a lack of data in this area.MethodsAn underwater seal chest drain bottle (R54500, Rocket Medical UK) was set up inside a 60-litre plastic box and connected via an airtight conduit to a medical air supply. A multichannel particle counter (TSI Aerotrak 9310 Aerosol Monitor) was placed inside the box, allowing measurement of particle count/cubic foot (pc/ft3) within six channel sizes: 0.3-0.5, 0.5-1, 1-3, 3-5, 5-10 and >10 microns. Stabilised particle counts at 1, 3 and 5 L/min were compared by Wilcoxon signed rank test; p-values were Bonferroni-adjusted. Measurements were repeated with a simple anti-viral filter, designed using repurposed materials by the study team, attached to the drain bottle. The pressure within the bottle was measured to assess any effect of the filter on bottle function.ResultsAerosol emissions increased with increasing air flow, with the largest increase observed in smaller particles (0.3-3 microns). Concentration of the smallest particles (0.3-0.5 microns) increased from background levels by 700, 1400 and 2500 pc/ft3 at 1, 3 and 5 L/min, respectively. However, dispersion of particles of all sizes was effectively prevented by use of the viral filter at all flow rates. Use of the filter was associated with a maximum pressure rise of 0.3 cm H2O after 24hours of flow at 5 L/min, suggesting minimal impact on drain function.ConclusionA bubbling chest drain is a source of aerosolised particles, but emission can be prevented using a simple anti-viral filter. These data should be considered when designing measures to reduce in-hospital spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Comparison of the COVID-19 infection risks by close contact and aerosol transmission
Authors: Zhang Xiaole , Wang Jing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of the transmission routes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of great importance for the effective control of the spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Human-to-human transmission by close contact where large respiratory droplets play a significant role has been established as the main transmission route. At the same time the transmission by small aerosol is getting increasing attention. There is no distinct boundary between droplets and aerosol in nature so it is natural to investigate the infection risk due to aerosol. Here, we utilized a newly developed dose-response relation, combined with a box model for the exposure estimation, to quantitatively evaluate the infection risk of SARS-CoV-2 through aerosol transmission and compared with the risk due to close contact. The results indicated that the median infection risk via aerosol transmission was about 3.7×10−5 (95% confidence interval: 3.5×10−6 to 4.4×10−4) for one hour of exposure in a room with the size of 10 m (width)×10 m (length)×3 m (height) with one infected individual in it. The risk was more than three orders of magnitude lower than the risk at short distance, about 12.8% within 1 m, based on a meta-analysis. A simple exponential regression model Risk=10−0.90×D+0.10 (D<=5 m) could be utilized to characterize the magnitude of infection risk in the considered scenario based on the distance D from the infected individual. With prolonged exposure duration and large exposed population, the infection caused by aerosol transmission could be considerable, thus it is necessary to be cautious for the potential aerosol transmission risk in such situations.
Identification of Patterns in Epidemic Cycles and Methods for Estimating Their Duration: COVID-19 Case Study1
Authors: de Carvalho Eduardo Atem , de Carvalho Rogerio Atem 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents several epidemic cycles of COVID-19 that have practically ended in countries, states and cities and normalize them through simple and well-known numerical methods. It is evident that there is a practically universal pattern between them, in a triangular shape. It is also possible to find similar cycles with very close scales and thus use cases with cycles already closed to predict the end of the cycles still in progress. Three methods are presented and discussed and the case of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is presented in more detail.