bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Low-Altitude Winds with a Hot-Air Balloon and Their Validation with Cabauw Tower Observations
Authors: de Bruijn Evert I. F. , Bosveld Fred C. , de Haan Siebren , Heusinkveld Bert G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA field experiment with a hot-air balloon was conducted in the vicinity of the meteorological observatory of Cabauw in The Netherlands. Recreational hot-air balloon flights contain useful wind information in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). On a yearly basis between 8000 and 9000 flights are taking place in The Netherlands, mainly during the morning and evening transition. An application (app) for smartphones has been developed to collect location data. We report about a feasibility study of a hot-air balloon experiment where we investigated the accuracy of the smartphone’s Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver using an accurate geodetic GNSS receiver as a reference. Further, we study the dynamic response of the hot-air balloon on variations in the wind by measuring the relative wind with a sonic anemometer, which is mounted below the gondola. The GNSS comparison reveals that smartphones equipped with a GNSS chip have in the horizontal plane an absolute position error standard deviation of 5 m, but their relative position error standard deviation is smaller. Therefore, the horizontal speeds, which are based on relative positions and a time step of 1 s, have standard deviations of σu = 0.8 m s−1 and συ = 0.6 m s−1. The standard deviation in altitude is 12 m. We have validated the hot-air balloon derived wind data with observations from the Cabauw tower and the results are encouraging. We have studied the dynamics of a hot-air balloon. An empirical value of the response length has been found which accounts for the balloon’s inertia after a changing wind, and which compared favorable with the theoretical derived value. We have found a small but systematic movement of the hot-air balloon relative to the surrounding air. The model for the balloon dynamics has been refined to account for this so-called inertial drift.
Probabilistic Heat Wave Forecast Based on a Large-Scale Circulation Pattern Using the TIGGE Data
Authors: Lee Hyun-Ju , Lee Woo-Seop , Chun Jong Ahn , Lee Hwa Woon 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Forecasting extreme events is important for having more time to prepare and mitigate high-impact events because those are expected to become more frequent, intense, and persistent around the globe in the future under the warming atmosphere. This study evaluates the probabilistic predictability of the heat wave index (HWI) associated with large-scale circulation patterns for predicting heat waves over South Korea. The HWI, reflecting heat waves over South Korea, was defined as the vorticity difference at 200 hPa between the South China Sea and northeast Asia. The forecast of up to 15 days from five ensemble prediction systems and the multimodel ensemble has been used to predict the probabilistic HWI during the summers of 2011–15. The ensemble prediction systems consist of different five operational centers, and the forecast skill of the probability of heat waves occurrence was assessed using the Brier skill score (BSS), relative operating characteristics (ROC), and reliability diagram. It was found that the multimodel ensemble is capable of better predicting the large-scale circulation patterns leading to heat waves over South Korea than any other single ensemble system through all forecast lead times. We concluded that the probabilistic forecast of the HWI has promise as a tool to take appropriate and timely actions to minimize the loss of lives and properties from imminent heat waves.
Why recruit temporary sponsored skilled migrants? A human capital theory analysis of employer motivations in Australia
Authors: Wright Chris F , Constantin Andreea 
Published: January 2020

This article uses human capital theory to analyse employer motivations for recruiting skilled migrants on temporary sponsored visas, a group receiving limited attention within human resource management (HRM) scholarship despite being an increasingly important part of the workforce in many organisations and countries. We address this gap through a survey analysis of 1602 employer respondents who sponsored temporary skilled visa holders in Australia. The findings indicate that cost-effectiveness as a motivator for recruitment decisions can be achieved not only through HRM strategies to maximise worker productivity, as human capital theories emphasise, but also by identifying groups of workers perceived as harder working than other groups. The findings also draw attention to the role of government policy in this identification process, specifically visa regulations constraining the mobility of temporary sponsored skilled migrants, which allows employers to utilise these workers’ human capital effectively. JEL Classification: J61, M12, M51, O15
Prior Surgery Negatively Affects Cell Culture Identity in Patients Undergoing Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Ackermann Jakob , Mestriner Alexandre Barbieri , VanArsdale Courtney , Gomoll Andreas H. 
Published: January 2020

Background: Recently, a cell identity assay has been introduced to evaluate the identity of cultured chondrocytes before autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), which was shown to be associated with graft survival after ACI. Purpose: To identify the influence of several patient- and lesion-specific factors on cell identity and viability assays. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 187 patients with second-generation ACI were included in this study. Patient and lesion characteristics, cell viability, cell identity, and biopsy specimen weight were recorded for each patient. A binomial logistic regression model was utilized to determine patient-specific predictive factors for cell product quality. Results: The implanted ACI cell products showed a cell viability of 93% ± 2.4% (mean ± SD; range, 84-98) with an identity score of 5.8 ± 2.1 (range, –0.08 to 9.46). Patients with multiple previous surgical procedures on the index knee had significantly lower cell identity scores when compared with patients without previous surgery (odds ratio = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.16-0.59; P < .001). Patients without surgical history had significantly higher cell identity scores than patients with 1 and ≥2 previous surgical procedures on the index knee (6.32 vs 5.32 vs 5.05; P = .006 and P < .001, respectively). Cell viability was not predicted by any preoperative variable ( P > .05). Cell identity and viability were not associated with each other or with biopsy specimen weight ( P > .05). Conclusion: Cartilage biopsy specimens from patients with ≥1 previous surgical procedures resulted in implants with lower cell identity scores when compared with patients without previous operations. None of the other patient- or lesion-specific factors were correlated, specifically biopsy specimen weight.
Mother–Infant Interaction During Postpartum Depression: A Metaphor Analysis
Authors: Beck Cheryl T. 
Published: January 2020

Background Reported in quantitative studies is the negative impact that postpartum depression can have on mother–infant bonding. Metaphors can enhance mothers’ communication with their health-care providers that cannot be captured by medical terminology and provide mothers a different voice to explain their experiences interacting with their infants. Purpose The aim of the study was to identify the metaphorical expressions used by women to describe their interactions with their infants during postpartum depression. Methods Secondary qualitative data analysis of three primary qualitative data sets of postpartum depression was conducted. The specific type of secondary qualitative analysis used was cross validation where multiple data sets from different studies are compared to expand the results of each individual study to make a more general claim. Data analysis involved using the Metaphor Identification Procedure. Results Identified were eight metaphors used by mothers to describe their interactions with their infants during their postpartum depression: a thief, a robot, enveloping fogginess, being at the races, an actor, an erupting volcano, skin crawling, and a wall. Conclusions Being attentive to metaphors mothers use can provide a unique approach to helping nurses identify vulnerable mother–infant dyads during postpartum depression.
Cannabis Enthusiasts’ Knowledge of Medical Treatment Effectiveness and Increased Risks From Cannabis Use
Authors: Kruger Daniel J. , Kruger Jessica S. , Collins R. Lorraine 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To compare cannabis enthusiasts’ knowledge about cannabis risks and effectiveness in treating medical conditions with existing empirical evidence. Design: A brief survey assessed cannabis use, information sources, and knowledge about risks and effectiveness. Setting: A cannabis advocacy event in April 2019 in a state with legal medical and recreational cannabis. Participants: Demographically diverse adults (N = 472) who frequently used cannabis; 85% used cannabis for health or medical purposes. Measures: Participants reported the sources of their cannabis information, health conditions they thought cannabis was effective in treating (n = 10), and health risks increased by cannabis (n = 6). Conditions and risks were based on ratings of evidence (ie, from substantial to insufficient) for therapeutic effects and risks identified in a review by The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM, 2017). Analyses: Chi-square tests examined the correspondence between participants’ knowledge and NASEM conclusions. Results: Most participants’ (95% confidence interval [CI]: 74%-81%) knowledge of cannabis was from their own experiences; 18% (95% CI: 14%-21%) received information from primary care providers. On average, participants’ beliefs matched NASEM conclusions for half of effectiveness (95% CI: 50%-53%) and risk items (95% CI: 55%-57%). Many (95% CI: 38%-42%) thought that cannabis use did not increase any risk. Contrary to NASEM conclusions, many thought cannabis was effective in treating cancer (76%), depressive symptoms (72%), and epilepsy (68%). Those who received cannabis information from their primary care providers had better knowledge of medical effectiveness. Medicinal cannabis use frequency inversely predicted knowledge of medical effectiveness and increased risks of adverse events. Conclusion: There were considerable discrepancies between cannabis users’ knowledge and available evidence, highlighting the need for more research and education (by physicians, caregivers, and dispensaries) on effectiveness and health risks, especially for users with specific health issues such as pregnant women and people with depression.
Effect of Self-Efficacy on Quality of Life in People With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: The Mediating Roles of Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Tonga Johanne B. , Eilertsen Dag-Erik , Solem Ingrid K. Ledel , Arnevik Espen A. , Korsnes Maria S. , Ulstein Ingun D. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives: To examine the mediating effects of depression and anxiety in the relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life among people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia. Method: A total of 196 patients diagnosed with MCI or dementia due to Alzheimer disease completed structured measures of self-efficacy, quality of life, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. We examined direct and mediated effects by fitting structural equation models to data. Results: Our analyses supported that the effects of self-efficacy on quality of life may be partially mediated by depression and anxiety. Both anxiety and depression had significant mediating effects, with depression showing a stronger effect. Conclusion: These results suggest that increased self-efficacy may have a positive effect on quality of life in people with MCI or dementia—partly by reducing depression and anxiety. These findings may have important practical implications for tailoring therapeutic interventions.
Revision decompression with fusion as a treatment for same level restenosis after laminotomy for lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Liang Zhuohao Chow , Yim Wing Ngai , Wong Chung Ting Martin , Cheng Hung On , Cheung Ka Kin 
Published: January 2020

Background/Purpose: Laminotomy is an established procedure to relieve symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis. However, there is a group of patients with symptomatic recurrence. Re-decompression and fusion could be an effective salvage procedure but the results are seldom found in the literature. In this study, we focused on investigating the clinical outcomes and complication rates of revision decompression with fusion in this patient group. Methods: A retrospective study including patients who had undergone revision decompression with fusion for recurrent symptoms due to same level restenosis after primary laminotomy for lumbar spinal stenosis was performed. Patients with recurrent symptoms due to prolapsed intervertebral disc, trauma, infection, and neoplasm were excluded. Demographics, clinical outcomes, and complications were retrieved. Results: Twenty-eight patients with a total number of 42 levels of revision decompression and fusion were included. With a mean follow-up time of 27 months after revision surgery, there were statistically significant improvement of 63, 49, and 13% in Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, visual analog scale for leg pain, and Roland-Morris disability questionnaire score, respectively. There were 6(21%), 2(7%), 0(0%), and 2(7%) cases of dural tear, infection requiring reoperation, new neurological deficit, and other complications, respectively, in these revision cases. Conclusion: Bearing potential complications in mind, re-decompression with fusion is a viable option with reasonable clinical outcomes for patients with recurrent symptoms after laminotomy for lumbar spinal stenosis. As a treatment option for symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis, primary laminotomy could have the potential benefit of lower complication rates in revision surgery.
Functional Outcomes of Isolated Infrasyndesmotic Fibula Fractures
Authors: Dobbe Ashlee , Beaupre Lauren A. , Almansoori Khaled Ali , Fung Tak-Shing , Scharfenberger Angela V. 
Published: January 2020

Background: Ankle fractures are among the most common injuries encountered by orthopedic surgeons, with an incidence ranging from 71 to 187 per 100 000 people. Few studies have reliably investigated injuries involving isolated fractures of the distal fibula below the level of the ankle syndesmosis. Therefore, this study details on the patient-reported outcomes of nonoperatively managed isolated infrasyndesmotic fibula (ISF) fractures with a minimum 3-year follow-up. Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study was undertaken across all emergency departments serving a major urban population. Among 159 consecutive patients meeting inclusion criteria, 108 agreed to participate. Clinical information, functional outcomes, and radiographic measurements were collected from electronic medical records and 3 validated outcome measures: the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Foot & Ankle Scale (FAS), the AAOS Shoe-Comfort Scale (SCS), and a general questionnaire. Results: An incidence of 22 ISF fractures per 100 000 people/year was found with FAS (91.2 ± 12.9) and SCS scores (76.8 ± 27.7), similar to reported population norms. Approximately 40% of patients (n = 43) reported continuing symptoms including pain (81.8%), stiffness (68.1%), and/or instability (39.0%). Less than 13% (n = 14) reported “severe” disabilities, and no patients required operative intervention within the follow-up period. Less-favorable outcomes were reported among work-related injuries, female patients, and “avulsion-type” fractures less than 10 mm in height ( P < .01). No relationships were identified between age, degree of articular-incongruity, fracture-displacement, and self-reported outcomes. Conclusions: The majority of patients with nonoperatively managed ISF fractures reported good-to-excellent early functional outcomes. Less-favorable outcomes were reported among work-related injuries, female patients, and “avulsion-type” fractures. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.
PD-1 blockade for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Frigault Matthew J. , Armand Philippe , Redd Robert A. , Jeter Erin , Merryman Reid W. , Coleman Kimberly C. , Herrera Alex F. , Dahi Parastoo , Nieto Yago , LaCasce Ann S. , Fisher David C. , Ng Samuel Y. , Odejide Oreife O. , Freedman Arnold S. , Kim Austin I. , Crombie Jennifer L. , Jacobson Caron A. , Jacobsen Eric D. , Wong Jeffrey L. , Bsat Jad , Patel Sanjay S. , Ritz Jerome , Rodig Scott J. , Shipp Margaret A. , Chen Yi-Bin , Joyce Robin M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Disease relapse remains the leading cause of failure after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL). We conducted a phase 2, multicenter, single-arm study of the anti–PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab given after ASCT in patients with chemosensitive DLBCL, hypothesizing that it would improve the progression-free survival (PFS) at 18 months after ASCT (primary endpoint) from 60% to 80%. Pembrolizumab was administered at 200 mg IV every 3 weeks for up to 8 cycles, starting within 21 days of post-ASCT discharge. Twenty-nine patients were treated on this study; 62% completed all 8 cycles. Seventy-nine percent of patients experienced at least one grade 3 or higher adverse event, and 34% experienced at least one grade 2 or higher immune-related adverse event. Overall, 59% of patients were alive and progression free at 18 months, which did not meet the primary endpoint. The 18-month overall survival was 93%. In conclusion, pembrolizumab was successfully administered as post-ASCT consolidation in patients with R/R DLBCL, but the PFS did not meet the protocol-specific primary objective and therefore does not support a larger confirmatory study. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02362997.
Dye-doped silica nanoparticles: synthesis, surface chemistry and bioapplications
Authors: Gubala Vladimir , Giovannini Giorgia , Kunc Filip , Monopoli Marco P. , Moore Colin J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Fluorescent silica nanoparticles have been extensively utilised in a broad range of biological applications and are facilitated by their predictable, well-understood, flexible chemistry and apparent biocompatibility. The ability to couple various siloxane precursors with fluorescent dyes and to be subsequently incorporated into silica nanoparticles has made it possible to engineer these fluorophores-doped nanomaterials to specific optical requirements in biological experimentation. Consequently, this class of nanomaterial has been used in applications across immunodiagnostics, drug delivery and human-trial bioimaging in cancer research.

Main body
This review summarises the state-of-the-art of the use of dye-doped silica nanoparticles in bioapplications and firstly accounts for the common nanoparticle synthesis methods, surface modification approaches and different bioconjugation strategies employed to generate biomolecule-coated nanoparticles. The use of dye-doped silica nanoparticles in immunoassays/biosensing, bioimaging and drug delivery is then provided and possible future directions in the field are highlighted. Other non-cancer-related applications involving silica nanoparticles are also briefly discussed. Importantly, the impact of how the protein corona has changed our understanding of NP interactions with biological systems is described, as well as demonstrations of its capacity to be favourably manipulated.

Conclusions
Dye-doped silica nanoparticles have found success in the immunodiagnostics domain and have also shown promise as bioimaging agents in human clinical trials. Their use in cancer delivery has been restricted to murine models, as has been the case for the vast majority of nanomaterials intended for cancer therapy. This is hampered by the need for more human-like disease models and the lack of standardisation towards assessing nanoparticle toxicity. However, developments in the manipulation of the protein corona have improved the understanding of fundamental bio–nano interactions, and will undoubtedly assist in the translation of silica nanoparticles for disease treatment to the clinic.
Association analysis between constructed SNPLDBs and GCA effects of 9 quality-related traits in parents of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Eltahawy Moaz S. , Ali Nour , Zaid Imdad U. , Li Dalu , Abdulmajid Dina , Bux Lal , Wang Hui , Hong Delin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe general combining ability (GCA) of parents in hybrid rice affects not only heterotic level of grain yield and other important agronomic traits, but also performance of grain quality traits of F2bulk population which is the commodity consumed by humans. In order to make GCA improvement for quality traits in parents of hybrid rice by molecular marker assisted selection feasible, genome-wide GCA loci for quality traits in parents were detected through association analysis between the effects of GCA and constructed single nucleotide polymorphism linkage disequilibrium blocks (SNPLDBs), by using unhusked rice grains harvested from F1plants of 48 crosses of Indica rice and 78 crosses of Japonica rice. GCA-SNPLDBs association analysis.ResultsAmong the 8 CMS and 6 restorer lines ofindicarice subspecies, CMS lines Zhenpin A, Zhenshan97 A, and 257A, and restorers Kanghui98, Minghui63 and Yanhui559 were recognized as good general combiners based on their GCA effect values for the 9 quality traits (brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, percentage of chalky grains, chalky area size, chalkiness degree, gelatinization temperature, gel consistency and amylose content). Among the 13 CMS and 6 restorer lines ofjaponicarice subspecies, CMS 863A, 6427A and Xu 2A, and restorers C418, Ninghui8hao and Yunhui4hao showed elite GCA effect values for the 9 traits. GCA-SNPLDB association analysis revealed 39 significant SNPLDB loci associated with the GCA of the 9 quality-related traits, and the numbers of SNPLDB loci located on chromosome 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11 and 12 were 1, 4, 3, 9, 6, 5, 5, 4 and 2, respectively. Number of superior GCA alleles for the 9 traits among the 33 parents ranged from 1 to 26.ConclusionsThirty-nine significant SNPLDBs loci were identified associated with the GCA of 9 quality-related traits, and the superior SNPLDB alleles could be used to improve the GCA of parents for the traits in the future by molecular marker assisted selection. The genetic basis of trait GCA in parents is different from that of trait itself.