bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FDNC5/Irisin improves the therapeutic efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for myocardial infarction
Authors: Deng Jingyu , Zhang Ning , Wang Yong , Yang Chao , Xin Chao , Zhao Jinming , Jin Zhitao , Cao Feng , Zhang Zheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The beneficial functions of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) decline with decreased cells survival, limiting their therapeutic efficacy for myocardial infarction (MI). Irisin, a novel myokine which is cleaved from its precursor fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), is believed involved in a cardioprotective effect but little was known on injured BM-MSCs and MI repair yet. Here, we investigated whether FNDC5 or irisin could improve the low viability of transplanted BM-MSCs and increase their therapeutic efficacy after MI. Methods: BM-MSCs, isolated from dual-reporter firefly luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein positive (Fluc+– eGFP+) transgenic mice, were exposed to normoxic condition and hypoxic stress for 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h, respectively. In addition, BM-MSCs were treated with irisin (20 nmol/L) and FNDC5-OV in serum deprivation (H/SD) injury. Furthermore, BM-MSCs were engrafted into infarcted hearts with or without FNDC5-OV. Results: Hypoxic stress contributed to increased apoptosis, decreased cells viability and paracrine effects of BM-MSCs while irisin or FNDC5-OV alleviated these injuries. Longitudinal in vivo bioluminescence imaging illustrated that FNDC5-MSCs treatment improved the survival of transplanted BM-MSCs, which ameliorated the increased apoptosis and decreased angiogenesis of BM-MSCs in vivo. Furthermore, FNDC5-MSCs therapy significantly reduced fibrosis and alleviated injured heart function. Conclusions: The present study indicated that irisin or FNDC5 improved BM-MSCs engraftment and paracrine effects in infarcted hearts, which might provide a potential therapeutic target for MI.
Proximal and distal predictors of self-regulatory change in children aged 4 to 7 years
Authors: Williams Kate E , Howard Steven J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Growth in early self-regulation skills has been linked to positive health, wellbeing, and achievement trajectories across the lifespan. While individual studies have documented specific influences on self-regulation competencies in early childhood, few have modelled a comprehensive range of predictors of self-regulation change across health, development, and environment simultaneously. This study aimed to examine the concurrent associations among a range of proximal and distal influences on change in children’s self-regulation skills over 2 years from age 4-5 years. Methods Data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (N= 4983) were used in a structural equation model, predicting a multi-source composite measure of self-regulation at each of 4-5 years and 6-7 years. By controlling for earlier self-regulation and covariates, the model examined the relative contributions of a comprehensive range of variables to self-regulation change including health, development, educational, home environment, time-use, and neighbourhood characteristics. Results The significant predictors of children’s self-regulation growth across 4 to 7 years were fewer behavioural sleep problems, higher gross motor and pre-academic skills, lower levels of maternal and paternal angry parenting, and lower levels of financial hardship. There were also marginal effects for high-quality home learning environments and child-educator relationships. Conclusion Findings suggest that if we are to successfully foster children’s self-regulation skills, interventionists would do well to operate not only on children’s current capacities but also key aspects of their surrounding context.
Lumbar plain radiograph is not reliable to identify lumbosacral transitional vertebra types according to Castellvi classification principle
Authors: Hou Lisheng , Bai Xuedong , Li Haifeng , Gao Tianjun , Li Wei , Wen Tianyong , He Qing , Ruan Dike , Shi Lijing , Bing Wei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The anteroposterior view of the lumbar plain radiograph (AP-LPR) was chosen as the original and first radiographic tool to determine and classify lumbosacral transitional vertebra with morphological abnormality (MA-LSTV) according to the Castellvi classification. However, recent studies found that AP-LPR might not be sufficient to detect or classify MA-LSTV correctly. The present study aims to verify the reliability of AP-LPR on detecting and classifying MA-LSTV types, taking coronal reconstructed CT images (CT-CRIs) as the gold criteria. Methods: Patients with suspected MA-LSTVs determined by AP-LPR were initially enrolled. Among them, those who received CT-CRIs were formally enrolled to verify the sensitivity of AP-LPR on detecting and classifying MA-LSTV types according to the Castellvi classification principle. Results: A total of 298 cases were initially enrolled as suspected MA-LSTV, among which 91 cases who received CT-CRIs were enrolled into the final study group. All suspected MA-LSTVs were verified to be real MA-LSTVs by CT-CRIs. However, 35.2% of the suspected MA-LSTV types judged by AP-LPR were not consistent with the final types judged by CT-CRIs. Two suspected type IIIa and 20 suspected type IIIb MA-LSTVs were verified to be true, while 9 of 39 suspected type IIa, 9 and 3 of 17 suspected type IIb, and 11 of 13 suspected type IV MA-LSTVs were verified to truly be type IIIa, IIIb, IV and IIIb MA-LSTVs by CT-CRIs, respectively. Incomplete joint-like structure (JLS) or bony union structure (BUS) and remnants of sclerotic band (RSB) between the transverse process (TP) and sacrum were considered to be the main reasons for misclassification.Conclusion: Although AP-LPR could correctly detect MA-LSTV, it could not give accurate type classification. CT-CRIs could provide detailed information between the TP and sacrum area and could be taken as the gold standard to detect and classify MA-LSTV.
A prospective observational study on critically ill children with diaphragmatic dysfunction: clinical outcomes and risk factors
Authors: Xue Yang , Yang Chun-Feng , Ao Yu , Qi Ji , Jia Fei-Yong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Diaphragmatic dysfunction (DD) has a great negative impact on clinical outcomes, and it is a well-recognized complication in adult patients with critical illness. However, DD is largely unexplored in the critically ill pediatric population. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with DD, and to investigate the effects of DD on clinical outcomes among critically ill children. Methods Diaphragmatic function was assessed by diaphragm ultrasound. According to the result of diaphragmatic ultrasound, all enrolled subjects were categorized into the DD group (n=24) and the non-DD group (n=46). Collection of sample characteristics in both groups include age, sex, height, weight, primary diagnosis, complications, laboratory findings, medications, ventilatory time and clinical outcomes. Results The incidence of DD in this PICU was 34.3%. The level of CRP at discharge (P=0.003) in the DD group was higher than the non-DD group, and duration of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (P<0.001), sedative days (P=0.008) and ventilatory treatment time (P<0.001) in the DD group was significantly longer than the non-DD group. Ventilatory treatment time and duration of elevated CRP were independently risk factors associated with DD. Patients in the DD group had longer PICU length of stay, higher rate of weaning or extubation failure and higher mortality. Conclusion DD is associated with poorer clinical outcomes in critically ill childern, which include a longer PICU length of stay, higher rate of weaning or extubation failure and a higher mortality. The ventilatory treatment time and duration of elevated CRP are main risk factors of DD in critically ill children.
Impairment of maturation of BMP-6 (35kDa) correlates with delayed fracture healing in experimental diabetes
Authors: Guo Qi-Dong , Wang Wei-Jie , Abboud Rami , Guo Zheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Although it is known that diabetes interferes with fracture healing, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of BMP-6 and BMP-9 with the impairment in fracture healing in diabetes, by analyses of the difference in size and calcification of the callus, mechanical endurance and expressing BMP-6 and BMP-9 in the callus, using a clinical related diabetic rodent model. Methods: We evaluated femur fracture healing by quantification of size and calcification of the callus by X-ray, histological and histochemical images, loading capacity of the fractured bone and amount of BMP-6 in the callus and the bones using Western blot assay. Results: Significant upregulation of BMP-6 in the callus and the fractured bones of both non-diabetic and the diabetic animals was observed, at the end of the 2nd and the 4th weeks after fracture. However, significantly lower levels of BMP-6 at 35kDa with smaller sizes of calcified callus and poor loading capacity of the healing bones were detected in the diabetic animals, compared to the non-diabetic controls. The impairment of the maturation procedure of BMP-6 (35 kDa) from precursors may be underlying the downregulation of the BMP-6 in diabetic animals. Conclusions: It could be concluded that the delayed fracture healing in the diabetic animals is correlated with deficiency of BMP-6 (35 kDa), which may be caused by impairment of maturation procedure of BMP-6 from precursors to functioning format. This is a primary study but an important step to explore the molecular pathogenesis of impairment of fracture healing in diabetes and to molecular therapeutic approach for the impairment of fracture healing.
Constitutively Active Androgen Receptor Supports the Metastatic Phenotype of Endocrine-Resistant Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Bahnassy Shaymaa , Bawa-Khalfe Tasneem , Thangavel Hariprasad , Quttina Maram , Khan Ashfia , Dhanyalayam Dhanya , Ritho Joan , Karami Samaneh , Ren Jing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer (BCa) is the most frequently diagnosed subtype. Acquired and intrinsic resistance to conventional endocrine therapy (ET) commonly occurs and prompts incurable metastatic disease. Hence, ET-resistant (ET-R) HR+ BCa presents a therapeutic challenge. Previous studies show elevated androgen receptor (AR) that supports resistance to ET tamoxifen and correlates with HR+ BCa metastasis. Yet surprisingly, studies with AR-blocker enzalutamide (Enz) in ET-R HR+ BCa present conflicting results. We now report that a constitutively active, unique from canonical Enz-targeted, AR accumulates in endocrine resistant HR+ BCa cells. Methods: AR protein profiles in acquired and intrinsic ET-R HR+-BCa were defined with cell-free modification tests, in-house in-vivo SUMOylation assays, and PLA imaging. Genomic activity of native AR and modified-AR mimetic was tested with reporter assays and limited transcriptome analysis. Spheroid growth and migration studies were used to evaluate inhibitory actions of Enz and combinatorial therapy. Results: Sustained higher molecular weight SUMO-modified AR (SUMO-AR) persists in acquired and intrinsic ET-R BCa cell lines. Concurrently, SUMO isoforms and global SUMO-modified proteome also accumulates in the same cell lines. We identified AR as a novel substrate for the SUMO-E3 ligase HSPB1/Hsp27. Independent of ligand, SUMO-AR is resilient to ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation, enriched in the nucleus, readily chromatin-bound, and transcriptionally active. Constitutive SUMO-AR initiates a gene-expression profile that favors epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Enz combined with a SUMO inhibitor attenuates migration and metastatic phenotype of ET-R HR+ BCa. Conclusion: Targeting both unmodified and SUMO-modified AR prevents the metastatic progression of HR+ BCa with ET-R.
Understanding the Social Construction of Health by Incorporating Biomarker in the Contemporary China
Authors: xie donghong , Wang Jiwen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Researchers interested in the effect of health on various life outcomes often use self-reported health and disease as an indicator of true, underlying health status. However, the validity of reporting is questionable as it relies on the awareness, recall bias and social desirability. Accordingly, the measured biomarker is generally regarded as a more precise indication of the disease. Objectives: The study aimed to examine the discrepancy between the reporting and biomarkers of hypertension and diabetes in the contemporary China, and explore sociodemographic characteristics that are correlated with misreporting. Methods: Using data from the third wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we selected individuals aged 40-85 years old who participated in both a health interview survey and a biomarker examination. Sensitivity, specificity, false negative reporting and false positive reporting were used as measurements of (dis)agreements or (in)validity. Binary and multinomial logistic regression were used to estimate under-report or over-report of hypertension and diabetes. Results: Self-reported hypertension and diabetes showed low sensitivity (71.98% and 49.21%, respectively) but high specificity (93.71% and 98.05%, respectively). False positive reporting of hypertension and diabetes were 3.85% and 1.67%, while false negative reports were extremely high at 10.85% and 7.38%. Education degree, hukou, age and gender affected both the specific error and the overall error of reporting hypertension and diabetes, but there were some differences in the magnitude and direction. Conclusion: Self-reported conditions underestimate the disease burden of hypertension and diabetes. Adding objective measurements into social survey could improve data accuracy allowing better understanding of socioeconomic inequalities in health, especially collecting biological indicators for populations with limited access to regular healthcare in China. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to provide basic health education and physical examination to citizens, to facilitate access to healthcare and make focused interventions to lower the incidence and unawareness of disease in China.
Longitudinal prospective evaluation of oral health-related quality of life in young patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment
Authors: Elhussein Mustafa , Benson Philip 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The objectives of this study were to investigate relationships between change in the aesthetic appearance before and after orthodontic treatment and patient-reported change in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and to assess the responsiveness of two OHRQoL measures to any changes from orthodontic treatment.Methods: Two hundred and one participants in a randomized clinical trial, involving two teaching hospitals and four specialist practices, were administered one of two age-specific questionnaires, either the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14-ISF-16) or the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ), before and after orthodontic treatment. Clinical photographs were assessed by two groups of laypeople and orthodontists using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need Aesthetic Component (IOTN-AC).Results: There was a mean reduction in the total CPQ11-14-ISF-16 scores of 3.9 (SD=8.0), and a mean reduction of 34.2 (SD=18.5) in the total PIDAQ score. CPQ11-14-ISF-16 demonstrated poor longitudinal construct validity (p=0.155). Correlations between the change in total CPQ11-14-ISF-16 scores and change in IOTN-AC assessments was small for both orthodontists (r=-0.084; p=0.516) and laypeople (r=-0.140; p=0.225). There were higher associations between the improvement in the Social well-being (SWB) subdomain and improvement in IOTN-AC. Correlations between the changes in total PIDAQ scores and the IOTN-AC assessments, were higher in comparison to the correlations with CPQ11-14 (orthodontists; r=0.223, laypeople; r=0.025).Conclusion: CPQ11-14-ISF-16 and IOTN-AC measure different attributes. This demonstrated the role of SWB on children OHRQoL. Condition-specific measures (PIDAQ) are more responsive to change in self-reported OHRQoL than generic measures (CPQ11-14-ISF-16) after treatment.
Rabies virus phosphoprotein P5 binding to BECN1 regulates self-replication by CASP2-mediated autophagy signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Juan , Liao Min , Yan Yan , Wang Hailong , Yang Hui , Zhou Jiyong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Rabies virus (RABV) is reported to encode five phosphoproteins (P), which are involved in viral genomic replication, axonal transport, oxidative stress, interferon antagonism, and autophagy induction. However, the functions of the different P proteins are poorly understood.
Methods
Immunofluorescence staining and western blot were performed to detect the autophagy activity, the form of ring-like structure, and the colocalization of BECN1 and P. Coimmunoprecipitation was performed to detect the interaction between P and BECN1. QRT-PCR and TCID50 assay were performed to detect the replication level of RABV. Small interfering RNA was used to detect the autophagy signaling pathway.
Results
We found that P5 attaches to N-terminal residues 1–139 of BECN1 (beclin1) on the BECN1 ring-like structure through amino acid residues 173–222 of P5. Subsequently, we found that P5-induced autophagosomes did not fuse with lysosomes. Becn1 silencing did not recover P5 overexpression-induced promotion of RABV replication. Mechanistically, RABV protein PΔN82 (P5) induced incomplete autophagy via the CASP2 (caspase2)-mediated signaling pathway
Conclusions
Our data indicate that P5 binding to the BECN1 ring benefits RABV replication by inducing CASP2 signaling pathway-dependent incomplete autophagy, which provides a potential target for antiviral drugs against RABV.
CT-Guided Hook-Wire Localization of Malignant Pulmonary Nodules for Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
Authors: Zhang Huijun , Li Ying , Yimin Nadier , He Zelai , Chen Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) can currently be used to diagnose and treat pulmonary nodules. However, intraoperative location of pulmonary nodules in VATS is challenging due to their small diameter and deep location in the pulmonary parenchyma. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical safety and effectiveness of CT-guided hook-wire for preoperative localization of malignant pulmonary nodules smaller than 1 cm in diameter.Methods: From February 2017 to January 2018, we collected the data of 80 patients with malignant pulmonary nodules less than 1 cm in diameter who underwent CT-guided hook-wire preoperative localization and VATS surgery. The effectiveness of preoperative localization was evaluated based on surgical duration, success rate of VATS surgery, and localization-related complications.Results: The diameter of pulmonary nodules were 0.85 ± 0.17 mm with a distance to the pleural surface of 19.66 ± 14.10 mm. The length of the hook-wire in the lung parenchyma was 29.17 ± 13.14 mm and hook-wire dislodgement occurred in 2 patients. Complications included 27 cases of minor pneumothorax and 18 cases of mild parenchymal hemorrhage. A significant correlation was observed between the length of the hook-wire in the lung parenchyma and mild parenchymal hemorrhage (P = 0.044). The average time of hook-wire localization was 9.0 ± 2.6 min and the average operation time for VATS was 89.02 ± 23.35 min without conversion thoracotomy.Conclusions: CT-guided hook-wire localization of the lesion during VATS resection is safe for malignant pulmonary nodules with diameter less than 1 cm.
Attitude and Practice Towards Aflatoxin Contamination in Food and Sociodemographic Factors Contributed Toward Urinary AFM1 Occurrence Among Residents in Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Sulaiman Siti Husna , Chang Wei Lin , Jamaluddin Rosita , Sabran Mohd Redzwan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Aflatoxin occurrence could be affected by several factors. This study aimed to assess the association between knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards aflatoxin and sociodemographic factors with urinary AFM1 occurrence among residents in Hulu Langat, Selangor. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy Malaysian adults aged 18 to 60 years in six subdistricts of Hulu Langat, Selangor. Sociodemographic factors and KAP towards aflatoxin were assessed via questionnaires while morning urine sample was collected for AFM 1 analysis. Of 444 respondents, the urinary AFM 1 level was detected in 199 samples (detection rate = 44.8 %). From 37 positive samples with AFM 1 level above the detection limit of 0.64 ng/ml, the mean value was 1.23 ± 0.91 ng/ml with a range of 0.65 – 5.34 ng/ml (median = 0.89 ng/ml). The variables were examined based on the occurrence of urinary AFM 1 biomarker. Results: Findings showed that there were significant differences in urinary AFM1 occurrence across ethnicity ( p <0.01), age group ( p <0.05), monthly household income ( p <0.01), as well as attitude ( p <0.01) and practice ( p <0.05) towards aflatoxin contamination in food. Binomial logistic regression confirmed that ethnicity and monthly household income were the factors contributing to urinary aflatoxin occurrence ( p <0.01). Chinese were 3.20 times more likely to have aflatoxin exposure than the non-Chinese. Detected urinary AFM 1 was more common among household with income more than RM 1500 monthly. Conclusion: The results provided an insight to explain the variation in aflatoxin occurrence among the population. Trial registration: Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects Universiti Putra Malaysia (JKEUPM), project number: FPSK (EXP16) P047
The urgency of severity and mortality risk assessments for COVID-19: A summary from death cases in Wuhan, China
Authors: Yang Feihong , Gan Jiaohong , Zou Hao , Zhang Zhongxiang , Zhao Yan , Jiang Cheng , Xia Jian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background To investigate the clinical characteristics of 21 death cases and evaluate potential factors of disease severity and mortality risk in COVID-19. Methods Retrospective analysis was used to study the clinical data of 21 death cases with COVID-19. The assessment of disease severity and mortality risk were conducted by APACHE II, SOFA, MuLBSTA and PSI scores. Results The age was 66±14 years-old and 15 (71.4%) were men. 16 (76.2%) patients had chronic medical illnesses. 12 (57.1%) patients were overweight. Decreased lymphocytes were observed in 17 (81.0%) patients on admission. Elevated D-dimer levels were noticed in 11 (52.4%) patients and increased much more when pneumonia deteriorated. The initial APACHE II and SOFA scores demonstrated 18 (85.7%) and 13 (61.9%) patients in middle-risk levels, respectively. MuLBSTA and PSI scores after admission showed high-risk mortality in 13 (61.9%) patients. Most patients developed sequent organ failure and finally caused death. Conclusion Older, male, overweight patients, combined with chronic medical histories, continuous decreased lymphocyte proportion and increased D-dimer might have a higher risk of death. The combination of general scoring (SOFA) and pneumonia specific scoring (MuLBSTA and PSI) after admission might be more sensitive to assess the mortality risk for critical patients in COVID-19.