bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing transgender and gender non‐conforming pedigree nomenclature in current genetic counselors’ practice: The case for geometric inclusivity
Authors: Sheehan Elizabeth , Bennett Robin L. , Harris Miles , Chan‐Smutko Gayun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHealthcare professionals rely on national organizations for guidance; the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) have differing guidelines for acceptable pedigree symbols to represent transgender patients and minimal recommendations for gender non‐conforming (GNC) patients. Inconsistency in accepted pedigree symbols to represent these patients is a barrier to providing them appropriate care. We assess variability in pedigree practice among genetic counselors and students, as well as reported education on serving the needs of the transgender and GNC communities, through a survey distributed through NSGC. Participants felt symbols similar to NSGC’s (41.1%) and NCCN’s (29.7%) recommendations for transgender patients are appropriate and emphasized a desire to affirm gender identity. We identified greater variability in symbols representing a GNC patient; 19.2% of participants selected ‘other’, explaining they were unsure of the appropriate choice. A high interest (99%) in further training demonstrates a recognition of education as an effective strategy for improving awareness and competency. Promotion of existing resources could help address the fact that 81% of participants were unaware of any standardized symbols used to represent transgender individuals. Creating affirming, standardized pedigree nomenclature is necessary for appropriate and consistent care.
Impaired lipolysis in propionic acidemia: A new metabolic myopathy?
Authors: Storgaard Jesper H. , Madsen Karen L. , Løkken Nicoline , Vissing John , van Hall Gerrit , Lund Allan M. , Ørngreen Mette C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the fat and carbohydrate metabolism in a patient with propionic acidemia (PA) during exercise by means of indirect calorimetry and stable isotope technique. A 34‐year‐old patient with PA performed a 30‐minute submaximal cycle ergometer test. Data were compared to results from six gender‐ and age‐matched healthy controls. Main findings are that the patient with PA had impaired lipolysis, blunted fatty acid oxidation, compensatory increase in carbohydrate utilization, and low work capacity. Our findings indicate that PA should be added to the list of metabolic myopathies.
Perceived Cognitive Diversity and Creativity: A Multilevel Study of Motivational Mechanisms and Boundary Conditions
Authors: Kim Tae‐Yeol , David Emily M. , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdopting a motivational perspective on creativity, we theorized when and how perceived cognitive diversity in teams was associated with creativity by focusing on the mediating role of intrinsic motivation and the moderating role of learning orientation. We further expanded our contribution by examining these relationships at both the individual and team levels. We used a sample of 382 Chinese employee–supervisor pairs nested within 106 teams to test our hypotheses. The results revealed that, at both the individual and team levels, learning goal orientation significantly moderated the positive association between perceived cognitive diversity and intrinsic motivation such that the latter relationship became stronger as learning goal orientation increased. Furthermore, our findings confirmed that learning goal orientation enhanced the indirect positive relationship between perceived cognitive diversity and creativity through intrinsic motivation.
Tutorial: Development and Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Preoperative Nutrition Optimization Clinic
Authors: Williams David G. A. , Villalta Elizabeth , Aronson Solomon , Murray Sutton , Blitz Jeanna , Kosmos Virginia , Wischmeyer Paul E. ,   the Duke Perioperative Enhancement Team (POET)
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough much is known about surgical risk, little evidence exists regarding how best to proactively address preoperative risk factors to improve surgical outcomes. Preoperative malnutrition is a widely prevalent and modifiable risk factor in patients undergoing surgery. Malnutrition prior to surgery portends significantly higher postoperative mortality, morbidity, length of stay, readmission rates, and hospital costs. Unfortunately, perioperative malnutrition is poorly screened for and remains largely unrecognized and undertreated—a true “silent epidemic” in surgical care. To better address this silent epidemic of surgical nutrition risk, here we describe the rationalization, development, and implementation of a multidisciplinary, registered dietitian–driven, preoperative nutrition optimization clinic program designed to improve perioperative outcomes and reduce cost. Implementation of this novel Perioperative Enhancement Team (POET) Nutrition Clinic required a collaboration among many disciplines, as well as an identified need for multidimensional scheduling template development, data tracking systems, dashboard development, and integration of electronic health records. A structured malnutrition risk score (Perioperative Nutrition Screen score) was developed and is being validated. A structured malnutrition pathway was developed and is under study. Finally, the POET Nutrition Clinic has established a novel role for a perioperative registered dietitian as the integral point person to deliver perioperative nutrition care. We hope this structured model of perioperative nutrition assessment and optimization will allow for wide implementation and generalizability in other centers worldwide to improve recognition and treatment of perioperative nutrition risk.
Thin‐layer chromatography‐bioautographic method for the detection of arginase inhibitors
Authors: Attia Rym , Zedet Andy , Bourjot Mélanie , Skhiri Eya , Messaoud Chokri , Girard Corine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractArginase represents a promising therapeutic target for various pathologies including inflammatory, cardiovascular, and parasitic diseases or cancers. In the current work, we report, for the first time, about the development of a thin‐layer chromatography‐based bioautography which can be used to rapidly detect arginase inhibitors in complex matrices such as plant extracts. The assay is based on the detection of urea produced by arginase using the coloring reagent α‐isonitrosopropiophenone, resulting in the formation of a pink background on thin‐layer chromatography plates. The assay conditions were optimized in order to provide sufficient contrast between the pink colored thin‐layer chromatography plate and the clearer zones generated by the presence of arginase inhibitors. Different parameters were tested, such as incubation time and temperature, atmospheric conditions, as well as substrate and enzyme concentrations. This technique makes it possible to detect 0.1 μg of a known arginase inhibitor, Nω‐hydroxy‐nor‐Arginine, after it has been spotted, either pure or mixed with a Myrtus communis methanolic fruit extract, and the plate has been developed in an appropriate solvent. The newly developed method was used to reveal the presence of an inhibitor in hempseed cakes (Cannabis sativa L.).
Supercritical fluid chromatography in chiral separations: Evaluation of equivalency of polysaccharide stationary phases
Authors: Jakubec Pavel , Douša Michal , Nováková Lucie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNine different chiral columns based on covalently immobilized or coated tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) cellulose and amylose have been explored. We evaluated their respective enantioselective potential including the enantioseparation and qualitative characteristics of peaks. The generic screening conditions were using gradient elution from 5 to 40% organic modifier/CO2 during 3 min with about 40 enantiomer pairs. Primary screening was carried out using ten different mobile phases varying in type of additives while using one representative amylose‐ and one cellulose‐based column. The complete evaluation of all nine columns was then carried out using three best performing organic modifiers: (1) methanol + 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid + 0.1% diethylamine, (2) isopropanol + 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid + 0.1% diethylamine, and (3) methanol + 0.1% ammonium hydroxide. Equivalency of different columns with the same chiral selector was not confirmed. Columns with the same stationary phase but different supports or manufacturing methods displayed differences in enantioselectivity and general performance. The similarity corresponded to 62 and 63% for the three cellulose‐coated columns taking CEL1 as the reference. The similarity was 67% for the pair of amylose‐based coated columns. For immobilized columns, the similarity was 69 and 59% for celluloses and amyloses pairs, respectively. The best performing column based on success rate of enantioseparation was Chiralcel OD‐3 when using methanol + 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and 0.1% diethylamine combined additive.
Parental Wartime Deployment and Socioemotional Adjustment in Early Childhood: The Critical Role of Military Parents’ Perceived Threat During Deployment
Authors: Hajal Nastassia J. , Aralis Hilary J. , Kiff Cara J. , Wasserman Melissa M. , Paley Blair , Milburn Norweeta G. , Mogil Catherine , Lester Patricia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInfants, toddlers, and preschool‐aged children have unique developmental needs that render them vulnerable to challenges associated with parental military service. We used a sample of military‐connected families with 3–6‐year‐old children (N = 104) to examine associations among children's socioemotional development and fathers’ trauma‐related deployment experiences, including perceived threat during deployment and exposure to combat and the aftermath of battle. Of these potential stressors, only paternal perceived threat during deployment was significantly associated with measures of mother‐reported child adjustment. Fathers’ perceived threat during deployment was associated with child behavior problems even after accounting for demographic variables and current paternal symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety, β = .36, p = .007. The association between fathers’ perceived threat during deployment and child behavior problems was mediated by several family processes related to emotion socialization, including father‐reported sensitive parenting, indirect effect (IE) B = 0.106, 95% CI [0.009, 0.236]; parent–child dysfunctional interaction, IE B = 0.119, 95% CI [0.014, 0.252]; and mother‐reported family emotional responsiveness, IE B = 0.119, 95% CI [0.011, 0.258]. Implications for future research on the intergenerational transmission of traumatic stress as well as prevention and intervention efforts for military‐connected families with young children are discussed.
RELEARNING HOW TO DRIVE
Authors: Hu‐Chan Maya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe author notes that one trait that successful leaders have in common is the ability to save and honor face for others. “Saving Face” is a universal concept, beyond its origins in China, and it is a key factor in leadership for building positive relationships, motivating and rewarding others. Leaders can navigate through a new or unfamiliar situation and still manage to save and protect face; an ability the author calls, “Relearning how to drive.” For instance, working in a new environment is a lot like driving in a foreign country for the first time. Go on autopilot too quickly can lead to a loss of face, whether it's a new team or a new country you're working in. A detailed corporate example is provided about a videoconference with managers from a factory in Dongguan, China, illustrating a concept the author refers to as The Cultural Iceberg. The BUILD model is also outlined, with five keys that are crucial building blocks to forming strong, productive business relationships: Benevolence and Accountability, Understanding, Interacting, Learning, and Delivery. Leaders can view complex issues in a multicultural business environment from four different perspectives: first person, second person, meta position, and helicopter.
Ancient dental pulp: Masterpiece tissue for paleomicrobiology
Authors: Mai Ba Hoang Anh , Drancourt Michel , Aboudharam Gérard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionDental pulp with special structure has become a good reference sample in paleomicrobiology‐related blood‐borne diseases, many pathogens were detected by different methods based on the diagnosis of nucleic acids and proteins.ObjectivesThis review aims to propose the preparation process from ancient teeth collection to organic molecule extraction of dental pulp and summary, analyze the methods that have been applied to detect septicemic pathogens through ancient dental pulps during the past 20 years following the first detection of an ancient microbe.MethodsThe papers used in this review with two main objectives were obtained from PubMed and Google scholar with combining keywords: “ancient,” “dental pulp,” “teeth,” “anatomy,” “structure,” “collection,” “preservation,” “selection,” “photography,” “radiography,” “contamination,” “decontamination,” “DNA,” “protein,” “extraction,” “bone,” “paleomicrobiology,” “bacteria,” “virus,” “pathogen,” “molecular biology,” “proteomics,” “PCR,” “MALDI‐TOF,” “LC/MS,” “ELISA,” “immunology,” “immunochromatography,” “genome,” “microbiome,” “metagenomics.”ResultsThe analysis of ancient dental pulp should have a careful preparation process with many different steps to give highly accurate results, each step complies with the rules in archaeology and paleomicrobiology. After the collection of organic molecules from dental pulp, they were investigated for pathogen identification based on the analysis of DNA and protein. Actually, DNA approach takes a principal role in diagnosis while the protein approach is more and more used. A total of seven techniques was used and ten bacteria (Yersinia pestis, Bartonella quintana, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi C, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rickettsia prowazeki, Staphylococcus aureus, Borrelia recurrentis, Bartonella henselae) and one virus (Anelloviridae) were identified. Y. pestis had the most published in quantity and all methods were investigated for this pathogen, S. aureus and B. recurrentis were identified by three different methods and others only by one. The combining methods interestingly increase the positive rate with ELISA, PCR and iPCR in Yersinia pestis diagnosis. Twenty‐seven ancient genomes of Y. pestis and one ancient genome of B. recurrentis were reconstructed. Comparing to the ancient bone, ancient teeth showed more advantage in septicemic diagnosis. Beside pathogen identification, ancient pulp help to distinguish species.ConclusionsDental pulp with specific tissue is a suitable sample for detection of the blood infection in the past through DNA and protein identification with the correct preparation process, furthermore, it helps to more understand the pathogens of historic diseases and epidemics.
Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded onto a decellularized nerve allograft enhances angiogenesis in a rat sciatic nerve defect model
Authors: Mathot Femke , Rbia Nadia , Bishop Allen T. , Hovius Steven E. R. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeAdipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are hypothesized to supplement tissues with growth factors essential for regeneration and neovascularization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of MSCs with respect to neoangiogenesis when seeded onto a decellularized nerve allograft in a rat sciatic nerve defect model.MethodsAllograft nerves were harvested from Sprague–Dawley rats and decellularized. MSCs were obtained from Lewis rats. 10 mm sciatic nerve defects in Lewis rats were reconstructed with reversed autograft nerves, decellularized allografts, decellularized allografts seeded with undifferentiated MSC or decellularized allografts seeded with differentiated MSCs. At 16 weeks, the vascular surface area and volume were evaluated.ResultsThe vascular surface area in normal nerves (34.9 ± 5.7%), autografts (29.5 ± 8.7%), allografts seeded with differentiated (38.9 ± 7.0%) and undifferentiated MSCs (29.2 ± 3.4%) did not significantly differ from each other. Unseeded allografts (21.2 ± 6.2%) had a significantly lower vascular surface area percentage than normal nonoperated nerves (13.7%, p = .001) and allografts seeded with differentiated MSCs (17.8%, p = .001). Although the vascular surface area was significantly correlated to the vascular volume (r = .416; p = .008), no significant differences were found between groups concerning vascular volumes. The vascularization pattern in allografts seeded with MSCs consisted of an extensive nonaligned network of microvessels with a centripetal pattern, while the vessels in autografts and normal nerves were more longitudinally aligned with longitudinal inosculation patterns.ConclusionsNeoangiogenesis of decellularized allograft nerves was enhanced by stem cell seeding, in particular by differentiated MSCs. The pattern of vascularization was different between decellularized allograft nerves seeded with MSCs compared to autograft nerves.
A tribological model for geometrically structured anisotropic surfaces in a covariant form
Authors: Michaloudis G. , Konyukhov A. , Gebbeken N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis contribution proposes a tribological model within a three‐dimensional contact formulation considering structural anisotropy of the contact interface. A simple elastoplastic constitutive law is adopted for the description of the behavior on the anisotropic contact interface. Starting with the establishment of the thermodynamic framework of the contact problem, the dissipative, irreversible process is described. By applying the principle of maximum dissipation, the evolution equations and the expressions of the tangential contact forces for the cases of sticking and sliding are obtained and, subsequently, formulated in algorithmic form, in order to enable their implementation into finite element codes. The anisotropic behavior is incorporated through the definition of a tensor of anisotropy. The form of this tensor is defined in a general curvilinear coordinate system. The cases of both constant and nonconstant anisotropic tensor are studied. The analytical solution of a numerically computed problem, serves the validation of the proposed model.
Active transport of rhodamine 123 by the human multidrug transporter P‐glycoprotein involves two independent outer gates
Authors: Nasim Fauzia , Schmid Diethart , Szakács Gergely , Sohail Azmat , Sitte Harald H. , Chiba Peter , Stockner Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHuman P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is a multispecific drug‐efflux transporter, which plays an important role in drug resistance and drug disposition. Recent cryo‐electron microscopy structures confirmed its rotationally symmetric architecture, which allows dual interaction with ATP and substrates. We here report the existence of two distinct, symmetry‐related outer gates. Experiments were aided by availability of the X‐ray structure of a homodimeric eukaryotic homolog of P‐gp from red alga (CmABCB1), which defined the role of an apical tyrosine residue (Y358) in outer gate formation. We mutated analogous tyrosine residues in each half of the human full‐length transporter (Y310, Y953) to alanine. These mutants were introduced in engineered transporters which bind rhodamine 123 in one of two symmetry‐related binding modes only. Outer gate dysfunction was detected by a loss of active transport characteristics, while these mutants retained the ability for outward downhill transport. Our data demonstrate that symmetric tyrosine residues Y310 and Y953 are involved in formation of two distinct symmetry‐related outer gates, which operate contingent on the rhodamine 123 binding mode. Hence, the rotationally symmetric architecture of P‐gp, which determines duality in ATP binding and rhodamine 123 interaction, also forms the basis for the existence of two independently operating outer gates.
Street canyon ventilation: Combined effect of cross‐section geometry and wall heating
Authors: Fellini Sofia , Ridolfi Luca , Salizzoni Pietro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics of mass exchange between a street canyon and the overlying atmosphere is crucial to predict air quality in urban areas. Despite the large number of studies on this topic, there are many aspects that still need to be clarified. Among these, one is certainly the role of thermal stratification in street canyon ventilation. In order to fill this gap, this study evaluates how the combined effect of street canyon geometry, wall roughness and differential heating of the building facades influences pollutant dispersion within the canyon and out of it. The study was carried out in a wind tunnel, adopting an idealized urban geometry made up of square bars placed normal to the wind direction. The boundary conditions inside the canyon were modified by heating its windward and leeward walls, by changing its aspect ratio and by introducing roughness elements at the walls. A passive scalar was injected from a line source at ground level. The flow and concentration fields were measured in a cross‐section of the canyon. Characteristic exchange velocities within the canyon and towards the external flow were estimated comparing the experimental data with an analytical model for the cavity wash‐out. Results show that the transition from one recirculating cell to two counter‐rotating cells inhibits canyon ventilation, with a consequent increase in pollutant concentration at the pedestrian level. This transition occurs as the cavity aspect ratio increases and is facilitated by adding roughness elements at the windward wall. Heating the leeward wall has negligible effects on canyon ventilation. Heating the windward wall accelerates pollutant removals in square cavities, while it contributes to a worsening of air quality in narrow cavities. Finally, the wash‐out times of the cavity are discussed in terms of a relative contribution of the mean advective motion and its turbulent counterpart.
Parameter estimation for block‐oriented nonlinear systems using the key term separation
Authors: Ji Yan , Zhang Chen , Kang Zhen , Yu Tao 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis article considers the parameter estimation problems of block‐oriented nonlinear systems. By using the key term separation, the system output is represented as a linear combination of unknown parameters. We give a key term separation auxiliary model gradient‐based iterative (KT‐AM‐GI) identification algorithm and propose a key term separation auxiliary model three‐stage gradient‐based iterative (KT‐AM‐3S‐GI) identification algorithm by using the hierarchical identification principle. Meanwhile, the multiinnovation theory is used to derived the key term separation auxiliary model three‐stage multiinnovation gradient‐based iterative (KT‐AM‐3S‐MIGI) algorithm. The analysis shows that compared with the KT‐AM‐GI algorithm, the KT‐AM‐3S‐GI algorithm can improve the parameter estimation accuracy and reduce the computational burden. In addition, the KT‐AM‐3S‐MIGI can give more accurate parameter estimates than the KT‐AM‐3S‐GI algorithm and can track time‐varying parameters based on the dynamical window data. This work provides a reference for improving the identification performance of multiinput nonlinear output‐error systems or multivariable nonlinear systems. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.