bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the Impact of Fear of Falling on Activity and Falls in Older Adults with Glaucoma
Authors: E Jian‐Yu , Mihailovic Aleksandra , Kuo Pei‐Lun , West Sheila K. , Friedman David S. , Gitlin Laura N. , Li Tianjing , Schrack Jennifer A. , Ramulu Pradeep Y. 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVEFear of falling (FoF) may alter mobility in older adults, especially among those with visual impairment. Using a longitudinal prospective cohort of older glaucoma patients, we investigated whether and how FoF is associated with future falls and physical activity.DESIGNProspective observational cohort study.SETTINGHospital‐based single‐center recruitment.PARTICIPANTSIndividuals with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma.MEASUREMENTSFoF was measured annually over a 3‐year period using the University of Illinois at Chicago FoF Questionnaire, with lower Rasch‐analyzed FoF scores (in logit units) indicating less fear. Participants recorded falls prospectively over the 3‐year period using monthly mail‐in calendars. Daily steps were collected annually over 7 days using an accelerometer. Visual field (VF) sensitivity was derived by combining sensitivities from monocular VF results. Participants completed questionnaires to determine other demographic/health characteristics. Multivariate random effects models evaluated within‐participant changes in fall rates and physical activity across study years.RESULTSAt lower FoF levels (FoF≤0), each one‐unit worsening in FoF score across study years was associated with 2.73 times higher odds of reporting at least one fall in the next year (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55‐4.81) but was not associated with average daily steps (P = .44). Similar results were seen when fall rates were normalized by number of steps taken (P = .97). At higher FoF levels (FoF > 0), inter‐year changes in FoF scores were not significantly associated with reporting a fall in the following year (P = .78) but were associated with 407 fewer average daily steps per one‐unit change in FoF (95% CI = −743 to −71).CONCLUSIONFoF is an important psychological factor associated with mobility in glaucoma patients, although specific aspects of mobility (fall rates vs activity levels) affected vary by the degree of FoF. Our findings suggest that customizing behavioral interventions for older adults based on their levels of FoF may be an important strategy for fall prevention and activity promotion. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1847‐1851, 2020.
Conservative vs Surgical Treatment of Impacted Femoral Neck Fracture in Patients 75 Years and Older
Authors: Wei Peiran , Xu Yan , Gu Yue , Geng Dawei , Yao Qingqiang , Wang Liming 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of conservative treatment (CST), internal fixation (IF), and hemiarthroplasty (HA) in treating patients older than 75 years with impacted femoral neck fracture (IFNF).DESIGNA randomized clinical trial to compare clinical outcomes of CST, IF, and HA in IFNF patients older than 75 years with a 1:1:1 ratio.SETTINGNanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.PARTICIPANTSA total of 154 patients with IFNF aged between 75 and 97 years.INTERVENTIONPatients with IFNF were allocated to CST, IF, and HA. They all received a 36‐month follow‐up.MEASUREMENTSAll patients were evaluated by Harris hip score (HHS) (primary outcome) for hip function, European Quality of Life‐5 Dimensions (EQ‐5D) index scores for health‐related quality of life, and visual analogue scale score for hip pain. Operation duration, blood loss, mortality, union rate, complications, and reoperation were also recorded. Assessors were blind to the type of treatment.RESULTSThe baseline parameters of the three groups were similar. IF group had much lower blood loss than HA group (P < .05), while no significant difference in operative duration was found between the two groups (P > .05). HHS in HA group was significantly higher at 1, 3, and 6 months (P < .05), but no significant difference in HHS was found between CST and IF groups at any of the time points during the overall follow‐up (P > .05). EQ‐5D index score was higher in HA group at each follow‐up within 1 year (P < .05), but the difference was not significant at 2‐ and 3‐year follow‐up (P > .05). There was no significant difference in mortality among the three groups at each follow‐up point (P > .05). The nonunion rate was 11.76% (6/51) in CST group and 9.80% (5/51) in IF group and showed no significant difference (P > .05).CONCLUSIONCST may be a feasible way for IFNF in the older patients.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04219943. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2214–2221, 2020.
Evolving concepts on the role of dyslipidemia, bioenergetics, and inflammation in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Stino Amro M. , Rumora Amy E. , Kim Bhumsoo , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most widespread and disabling neurological conditions, accounting for half of all neuropathy cases worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, no approved disease modifying therapies exist. There is now a growing body of evidence that DPN secondary to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents different disease processes, with T2DM DPN best understood within the context of metabolic syndrome rather than hyperglycemia. In this review, we highlight currently understood mechanisms of DPN, along with their corresponding potential therapeutic targets. We frame this discussion within a practical overview of how the field evolved from initial human observations to murine pathomechanistic and therapeutic models into ongoing and human clinical trials, with particular emphasis on T2DM DPN and metabolic syndrome.
Intra‐Ethnic Differences in Chronic Pain and the Associated Factors: An Exploratory, Comparative Design
Authors: Kim Hee Jun , Chang Sun Ju , Park Hyunjeong , Choi Seung Woo , Juon Hee‐Soon , Lee Kyung‐eun , Ryu Hyunju 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo describe and compare the levels of pain severity and pain interference, pain catastrophizing, and associated factors between elderly Koreans living in South Korea and Korean Americans living in the United States with chronic pain.MethodsAn exploratory, comparative design was used for this study. A total of 270 individuals (138 Koreans living in South Korea and 132 Korean Americans living in the United States), aged more than 65 years, with self‐reported chronic pain, and defined as at least 3 months of persistent musculoskeletal pain, is included. Outcome variables were pain severity, pain interference, and pain catastrophizing. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to examine factors associated with the outcome variables.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, Korean Americans had higher levels of pain severity and pain catastrophizing than Koreans. Depressive symptoms, sleep quality, and health‐related quality of life were significant factors for pain severity, pain interference, and pain catastrophizing for both groups. Among those factors, health‐related quality of life was the most significant factor for predicting pain severity and pain interference, whereas depressive symptoms were the most significant factor for predicting pain catastrophizing for both groups.ConclusionsIntra‐ethnic differences in pain severity and pain catastrophizing were found between elderly Koreans living in South Korea and Korean Americans living in the United States.Clinical RelevanceBecause unfamiliar sociocultural and environmental factors may influence the pain responses, cultural differences and language barriers should be taken into account in pain research and management strategies for Asian immigrants in the United States. Psychological factors, including depressive symptoms, sleep quality, and health‐related quality of life, should also be considered in chronic pain management for both elderly Koreans and Korean Americans.
The efficacy and safety of fractional radiofrequency nanoneedle system in the treatment of atrophic acne scars in Asians
Authors: Nitayavardhana Sunatra , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima , Ng Janice Natasha C. , Eimpunth Sasima , Manuskiatti Woraphong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultiple treatment modalities have been developed to treat atrophic acne scars with varying degrees of success. Post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) after acne scar treatments remain a major concern in Asian patients. Fractional radiofrequency (FRF) has been used in many dermatological skin conditions including acne scars.AimsTo determine the efficacy and safety of FRF nanoneedle system in the treatment of acne scars in Asians.MethodsThis is a prospective, evaluator‐blinded study with 25 subjects diagnosed with moderate to severe acne scarring. All subjects received 3 monthly treatments of the FRF nanoneedle system on both cheeks. Primary outcome was the clinical improvement of acne scars graded by 2 blinded dermatologists at baseline, 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐month follow‐ups. Objective scar volume analysis was done using ultraviolet A (UVA) light video camera. Subjects’ self‐assessment, pain score, and adverse events were also recorded.ResultsTwenty‐three out of 25 subjects completed the study and attended all follow‐up. Clinical improvement of acne scars was observed as early as 1‐month follow‐up. Objective evaluation of acne scar volume decreased significantly on all follow‐up compared to baseline (P < .005). Majority of the subjects (48%) reported marked improvement in their acne scars. Adverse events such as pain, erythema, burning sensation, edema, scab formation, and PIH were mild and temporary.ConclusionsFRF nanoneedle system is a safe and effective treatment for acne scars in Asians. However, despite the significant changes in the scar volume, caution should be used to avoid excessive coagulation resulting in PIH.
Quantitative evaluation of rejuvenation treatment of nasolabial fold wrinkles by regression model and 3D photography
Authors: Fang Rou‐Yu , Zhang Han‐Chao , Liu Yu‐Guang , Sun Qiu‐Ning 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveWith the application of 3D photography, our study aimed to quantify parameters of static nasolabial fold wrinkles and establish mathematic regression model between parameters of wrinkles and age, further to quantitatively evaluate the effect of rejuvenation treatment in terms of age.MethodsFrom October 2016 to May 2018, 433 Chinese female volunteers, aged 25‐60 years old, were enrolled in this study. Antera 3D camera was used to collect four parameters of static nasolabial fold wrinkles on the left and right sides of the volunteers, including overall size, average depth (mm), average width (mm), and maximum depth (mm). For those presented a linear relationship with age, univariate linear regression fitting was performed, followed by residual analysis, goodness of fit test, and significance test.ResultsThe results of univariate linear regression fitting showed there was a clear linear relationship between the maximum depth, average depth, overall size of nasolabial fold wrinkles and age, and the regression equations were established. The significance test of regression coefficients showed P values were less than .0001.ConclusionsWith application of the regression model between parameters of nasolabial fold wrinkles and age, the effect of rejuvenation treatment can be quantitatively evaluated in terms of age, which has certain reference and promotion value.
Rheologic properties of soft tissue fillers and implications for clinical use
Authors: Heitmiller Kerry , Ring Christina , Saedi Nazanin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of injectable soft‐tissue fillers has become an essential tool in esthetic rejuvenation. Rheology, the study of flow of matter, helps to understand the function of these products.AimsThe purpose of this article is to review the rheologic properties of soft‐tissue fillers currently available in the United States and to evaluate how these properties relate to clinical performance.MethodsThis article explains basic rheologic terms and describes how rheologic properties of specific soft‐tissue fillers affect filler performance.ResultsThe currently available soft‐tissue fillers have unique rheologic and physicochemical properties that influence performance and cosmetic outcome. These properties determine that filler product is most appropriate based on degree of soft‐tissue defect and anatomic location.ConclusionIt is imperative for physicians to have an in‐depth understanding of the rheologic properties of soft‐tissue fillers in order to appropriately select and utilize these products for the desired cosmetic outcome.
Male reproductive health and intergenerational metabolic responses from a small RNA perspective
Authors: Nätt D. , Öst A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe world has recently experienced a decline in male reproductive (e.g. sperm counts and motility) and metabolic (e.g. obesity and diabetes) health. Accumulated evidence from animal models also shows that the metabolic health of the father may influence the metabolic health in his offspring. Vectors for such paternal intergenerational metabolic responses (IGMRs) involve small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) that often increase in spermatozoa during the last days of maturation in the epididymis. We and others have shown that the metabolic state – depending on factors such as diet, obesity and physical exercise – may affect sperm quality and sperm sncRNA. Together, this suggests that there are overlapping aetiologies between the male metabolic syndrome, male factor infertility and intergenerational responses. In this review, we present a theoretical framework for an overlap of these aetiologies by exploring the advances in our understanding of the roles of sncRNA in spermatogenesis and offspring development. A special focus will lie on novel findings about tRNA‐derived small RNA (tsRNA), rRNA‐derived small RNA (rsRNA) and small mitochondrial RNA (mitoRNA), and their emerging roles in intergenerational metabolic and reproductive health.
Participation as a Framework for Analysing Consumers’ Experiences of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
Authors: Williams Jane , Gill Chris , Creutzfeldt Naomi , Vivian Nial 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article argues that an analytic framework based on participation is useful for analysing consumer experiences of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), providing a complementary approach to analyses drawing on procedural justice theory. The argument is developed by applying McKeever's ‘ladder of legal participation’ (LLP)1 to a qualitative data set consisting of interviews with United Kingdom consumers. The article concludes that applying the LLP in the consumer ADR context results in novel empirical and theoretical insights. Empirically, it demonstrates that – even in low‐value and transactional disputes – consumers expect high levels of participation from ADR. Theoretically, it argues that the LLP complements existing approaches by providing an unifying lens through which to study consumer experiences by emphasizing the importance of participation, not only as a process value but also in shaping outcomes highlighting the distinction between genuine and tokenistic provision of ADR.
The impact of oro‐facial pain conditions on oral health‐related quality of life: A systematic review
Authors: Oghli Ibrahim , List Thomas , Su Naichuan , Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPain in the oro‐facial region is one of the most common reasons for patients to seek dental treatment. Oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) can be affected not only by pain, but also by other oral disorders. Four main dimensions, Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance and Psychosocial Impact, have been suggested to cover different areas of OHRQoL. The aim of this systematic review was to map the impact of oro‐facial pain conditions on the Orofacial Pain dimension of OHRQoL (PROSPERO registration: CRD42017064033). Studies were included if they reported Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) mean or median domain scores for patients with odontogenic pain, oral mucosal pain/burning mouth syndrome (BMS), third molar extractions or temporomandibular disorders (TMD). A search in PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL and PsycINFO on 8 June 2017, updated 14 January 2019, combined with a hand search identified 2104 articles. After screening of abstracts, 1607 articles were reviewed in full text and 36 articles were included that reported OHIP data for 44 patient populations including 5849 patients. Typical Orofacial Pain impact for all four conditions (odontogenic pain, oral mucosal pain/BMS, pain after third molar extractions and TMD) was between 2 and 3 on a 0‐8 converted OHIP scale with the highest reported impact for pain after 3rd molar extractions. This review provides standardised information about OHRQoL impact from four oro‐facial pain conditions as a model for the Orofacial Pain dimension. The results show moderate impact for the pain dimension of OHRQoL in patients with common oro‐facial pain conditions.
The Bicameral Brain and Theological Ethics: An Initial Exploration
Authors: Lawler Michael G. , Salzman Todd A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPope John Paul II called for an intense dialogue between science and theology, “a common interactive relationship,” in which each discipline is “open to the discoveries and insights of the other” while retaining its own integrity. This essay seeks to be responsive to that call and is an initial exploration of relationships between contemporary neuroscience and Catholic theological ethics. It examines neuroscientific data on the bicameral brain and theological ethical data on marital ethics, including divorce and remarriage, and asks what insight the former might provide into both the latter and the different ethical methods that respond to marital ethics. The analysis is undertaken in the hope of illuminating a pathway that opens the insights of one way of doing theological ethics to the insights of another way, thereby eliminating the unnecessary, unhelpful, and sometimes un‐Christian polarizations that presently separate them.
“We Need Something Different”
Authors: Gray Hillel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article examines responses to the controversial picketing and media‐savvy provocations of the Westboro Baptist Church (WBC). Since WBC’s conduct is widely perceived as cruel, people often respond with anger and animosity, which reinforce WBC’s self‐representation as a persecuted church. Conversely, I have engaged Westboro Baptists in interviews that function as “bridging conversations.” This methodology centers on critical‐empathic listening, comparative religious ethics, and a disciplined restraint from expressing moral judgment. I argue that this response is supported by the data and understandings obtained, metapragmatic commentary, my rapport with churchgoers, and evidence of their empathy. In conclusion, I gauge the methodology’s risks and consider its expansion, for example, with undergraduates who have joined our conversations. In an era of polarized discourse, nonjudgmental listening is a counter‐intuitive response that troubles entrenched binaries, including the public fashioning of WBC as a dehumanized enemy.
Justice, Virtue, and Power in Democratic Conflict
Authors: Kellison Rosemary 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe question of how to respond to the deep political divides in the United States today has resulted in the emergence of two camps. On one side are those who argue that the cultivation of civic virtues like civility will lead to more respectful interpersonal relationships through which consensus and mutual understanding can be built. On the other are those who argue that our commitment to justice is primary and may require uncivil behavior to disrupt and change unjust structural relationships. In Healthy Conflict in Contemporary American Society, Jason Springs helps to bridge the divide between these two positions. Because he takes a relational approach that centers both interpersonal and structural relationships, Springs makes both mutual respect and just structures central to his conception of healthy conflict. Taking relationality seriously thus helps to overcome this impasse, but it also raises significant questions about the impact of asymmetrical relationships on citizens’ responsibilities to engage in healthy conflict.
Anxiety in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: McMahon Jane , Harvey Adrienne , Reid Susan M , May Tamara , Antolovich Giuliana 
Published: May 2020

AimsTo describe the prevalence of, and factors associated with, anxiety in 6–18‐year‐old children with cerebral palsy (CP) and determine how often clinicians screen for and manage anxiety in this group.MethodsUsing a population CP register as the sampling pool, 569 families were approached by email, and 172 (mean age of children 12 years 7 months [SD 3 years 5 months]; 96 males) participated. Parents and, where able, children completed the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Parents also completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Children's medical records were searched for previous anxiety diagnoses and treatments.ResultsClinically significant anxiety was identified in 38% of children on parent reports and 46% on child reports. Girls were twice as likely to have anxiety (p = 0.02). Parent‐ and child‐reported scores were strongly correlated (r = 0.853). Fewer parents of children with intellectual and communication impairments completed the survey. Based on the SCARED parent reports, anxiety was not identified by a clinician in 16 children (43%) with clinically significant anxiety.ConclusionAnxiety symptoms are prominent among children with CP, indicating a need for routine screening. Available screening tools are unsuitable for children with more severe limitations in cognition and communication; further research is needed to address this gap.
Risk factors of excessive daytime sleepiness in a prospective population‐based cohort
Authors: Berger Mathieu , Hirotsu Camila , Haba‐Rubio Jose , Betta Monica , Bernardi Giulio , Siclari Francesca , Waeber Gerard , Vollenweider Peter , Marques‐Vidal Pedro , Heinzer Raphael 
Published: May 2020

SummaryAlthough excessive daytime sleepiness is commonly evaluated in clinical and research settings using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, few studies have assessed the factors associated with its incidence in the general population. We prospectively investigated the predictors of incident and persistent excessive daytime sleepiness in 2,751 subjects (46.1% men, mean age 56.0 ± 9.8 years) from the CoLaus‐PsyCoLaus population‐based cohort (Lausanne, Switzerland) over 5 years. Participants completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and underwent a full clinical evaluation at baseline and 5 years afterwards. Ambulatory polysomnography was performed at baseline in a sub‐sample of 1,404 subjects. Among the 2,438 subjects without excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale ≤ 10) at baseline, the 5‐year incidence of excessive daytime sleepiness was 5.1% (n = 124). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that male sex, depressive symptoms, reported poor sleep quality and moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea were independent predictors of incident excessive daytime sleepiness, while older age, moderate coffee consumption, periodic leg movement during sleep and hypertension were independent protective factors. Stratified analysis according to sex and age showed some distinctive associations. Among the 313 patients with excessive daytime sleepiness at baseline, 137 (43.8%) had persistent excessive daytime sleepiness 5 years later. Our findings provide new insights into the predictors of incident excessive daytime sleepiness, but interventional studies are needed to understand the impact of treating these risk factors on the incidence of excessive daytime sleepiness.