bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Hippocampal Network Connectivity Is Associated With Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Patients With Moderate and Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Zhou Li , Liu Guiqian , Luo Hong , Li Huabing , Peng Yating , Zong Dandan , Ouyang Ruoyun 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: This work aims to explore the changes of functional connectivity (FC) within the hippocampus network in patients with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its correlation with neurocognitive dysfunction to explore the potential neurophysiological mechanism.Methods: A total of 32 treatment-naïve patients with moderate or severe OSA and 26 healthy controls (HCs), matched in age, gender, and education, underwent the evaluations of Epworth Sleep Scale, neurocognitive function, full-night polysomnography, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The FC map of the hippocampus to other brain areas was compared among 15 OSA patients and 15 HCs with little head motion. Finally, the correlation between hippocampus FC strength and respiratory sleep parameters and neurocognitive assessments was analyzed.Results: Compared with HCs, the right hippocampus showed a significantly decreased FC with the bilateral insular lobe, right thalamus, and right anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) and an increased FC with the right superior and middle temporal gyrus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, and left angular gyrus in the patients with OSA. The left hippocampus presented a significantly decreased FC with the left anterior cerebellum in patients with OSA. In addition, the aberrant right hippocampal FC with the right ACG was significantly correlated with disease severity and disrupted sleep architecture in the OSA group. Furthermore, after adjusting the related confounding factors, the FC strength between the right hippocampus, right insular lobe, and right thalamus was positively associated with the scores of Stroop Color–Word Test (SCWT) or Hopkins Verbal Learning Test—Revised (HVLT-R), while the FC between the right hippocampus and the right middle temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with the scores of HVLT-R. The right hippocampus FC with right superior temporal gyrus, left angular gyrus, and ACG were all negatively related to the scores of the symbol coding test (r = −0.642, p = 0.045; r = −0.638, p = 0.047; r = −0.753, p = 0.012), respectively. The FC between the left hippocampal and the left anterior cerebellar lobe showed a positive relationship with the scores of HVLT-R (r = 0.757, p = 0.011) and CPT-3D (r = −0.801, p = 0.005).Conclusion: The hippocampus presented abnormal FC with the cerebral and cerebellar regions extensively in OSA, and the correlation between abnormal hippocampal network FC and neurocognitive dysfunction in OSA suggests a promising insight to explore the potential biomarker and pathophysiologic mechanism of neurocognitive dysfunction of OSA.
Glioblastoma Distance From the Subventricular Neural Stem Cell Niche Does Not Correlate With Survival
Authors: Mistry Akshitkumar M. , Mummareddy Nishit , Salwi Sanjana , Davis Larry T. , Ihrie Rebecca A. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between survival and glioblastoma distance from the ventricular-subventricular neural stem cell niche (VSVZ).Methods502 pre-operative gadolinium-enhanced, T1-weighted MRIs with glioblastoma retrieved from an institutional dataset (n = 252) and The Cancer Imaging Atlas (n=250) were independently reviewed. The shortest distance from the tumor contrast enhancement to the nearest lateral ventricular wall, the location of the VSVZ, was measured (GBM-VSVZDist). The relationship of GBM-VSVZDist with the proportion of glioblastomas at each distance point and overall survival was explored with a Pearson’s correlation and Cox regression model, respectively, adjusting for the well-established glioblastoma prognosticators.Results244/502 glioblastomas had VSVZ contact. The proportion of non-VSVZ-contacting glioblastomas correlated inversely with GBM-VSVZDist (partial Pearson’s correlation adjusted for tumor volume R=-0.79, p=7.11x10-7). A fit of the Cox regression model adjusted for age at diagnosis, Karnofsky performance status score, post-operative treatment with temozolomide and/or radiotherapy, IDH1/2 mutation status, MGMT promoter methylation status, tumor volume, and extent of resection demonstrated a significantly decreased overall survival only when glioblastoma contacted the VSVZ. Overall survival did not correlate with GBM-VSVZDist.ConclusionsIn the two independent cohorts analyzed, glioblastomas at diagnosis were found in close proximity or in contact with the VSVZ with a proportion that decreased linearly with GBM-VSVZDist. Patient survival was only influenced by the presence or absence of a gadolinium-enhanced glioblastoma contact with the VSVZ. These results may guide analyses to test differential effectiveness of VSVZ radiation in VSVZ-contacting and non-contacting glioblastomas and/or inform patient selection criteria in clinical trials of glioblastoma radiation.
Simulation Training to Improve Informed Consent and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Sampling in Pediatric Trials
Authors: Burckhardt Bjoern B. , Ciplea Agnes Maria , Laven Anna , Ablonczy László , Klingmann Ingrid , Läer Stephanie , Kleine Karl , Dalinghaus Michiel , Đukić Milan , Breur Johannes M. P. J. , van der Meulen Marijke , Swoboda Vanessa , Schwender Holger , Lagler Florian B. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Pediatric trials to add missing data for evidence-based pharmacotherapy are still scarce. A tailored training concept appears to be a promising tool to cope with critical and complex situations before enrolling the very first patient and subsequently to ensure high-quality study conduct. The aim was to facilitate study success by optimizing the preparedness of the study staff shift.Method: An interdisciplinary faculty developed a simulation training focusing on the communication within the informed consent procedure and the conduct of the complex pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) sampling within a simulation facility. Scenarios were video-debriefed by an audio-video system and manikins with artificial blood simulating patients were used. The training was evaluated by participants' self-assessment before and during trial recruitment.Results: The simulation training identified different optimization potentials for improved informed consent process and study conduct. It facilitated the reduction of avoidable errors, especially in the early phase of a clinical study. The knowledge gained through the intervention was used to train the study teams, improve the team composition and optimize the on-ward setting for the FP-7 funded “LENA” project (grant agreement no. 602295). Self-perceived ability to communicate core elements of the trial as well as its correct performance of sample preparation increased significantly (mean, 95% CI, p ≤ 0.0001) from 3 (2.5–3.5) to four points (4.0–4.5), and from 2 (1.5–2.5) to five points (4.0–5.0).Conclusion: An innovative training concept to optimize the informed consent process and study conduct was successfully developed and enabled high-quality conduct of the pediatric trials as of the very first patient visit.
Nanoapproaches to Modifying Epigenetics of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition for Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Skibba Melissa , Drelich Adam , Poellmann Michael , Hong Seungpyo , Brasier Allan R. 
Published: December 2020

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronically progressive interstitial lung that affects over 3 M people worldwide and rising in incidence. With a median survival of 2–3 years, IPF is consequently associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. Although two antifibrotic therapies, pirfenidone and nintedanib, are approved for human use, these agents reduce the rate of decline of pulmonary function but are not curative and do not reverse established fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the prevailing epithelial injury hypothesis, wherein pathogenic airway epithelial cell-state changes known as Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) promotes the expansion of myofibroblast populations. Myofibroblasts are principal components of extracellular matrix production that result in airspace loss and mortality. We review the epigenetic transition driving EMT, a process produced by changes in histone acetylation regulating mesenchymal gene expression programs. This mechanistic work has focused on the central role of bromodomain-containing protein 4 in mediating EMT and myofibroblast transition and initial preclinical work has provided evidence of efficacy. As nanomedicine presents a promising approach to enhancing the efficacy of such anti-IPF agents, we then focus on the state of nanomedicine formulations for inhalable delivery in the treatment of pulmonary diseases, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), inorganic NPs, and exosomes. These nanoscale agents potentially provide unique properties to existing pulmonary therapeutics, including controlled release, reduced systemic toxicity, and combination delivery. NP-based approaches for pulmonary delivery thus offer substantial promise to modify epigenetic regulators of EMT and advance treatments for IPF.
Body Figure Idealization and Body Appearance Pressure in Fitness Instructors
Authors: Mathisen Therese Fostervold , Aambø Jenny , Bratland-Sanda Solfrid , Sundgot-Borgen Christine , Svantorp-Tveiten Kethe , Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe fitness centers are settings for health promotion, yet may serve as a stage for counterproductive figure idealization. Such idealization may take the form of a drive toward the thin, the muscular, or lean body figure ideal, which all hold the potential to impel an experience of body appearance pressure (BAP) and body dissatisfaction. The aim of this study was to explore figure idealization, body dissatisfaction, and experience of BAP in fitness instructors.Materials and MethodsFitness instructors, 70 (23%) males and 236 (77%) females, were recruited through their facility chief executive officer and social media for a digital survey on mental health. Results are presented for body appreciation (BAS-2), body dissatisfaction (EDI-BD), drive for muscularity (DM), drive for leanness (DLS), questions on BAP, symptoms of eating disorders (EDE-q), and history of weight regulation and eating disorders (EDs).ResultsAttempts to gain body weight were reported by 17% of females and 53% of males, whereas ∼76% of males and females, respectively, reported to have attempted weight reduction. Reasons for body weight manipulation were predominantly appearance related, and 10–20% reported disordered eating behavior. Mean BAS-2 and EDI-BD were acceptable, but 28% of females were above clinical cutoff in EDI-BD, and mean DLS were high in both sexes. In total, 8% of females were above clinical cutoff in EDE-q, which corresponded well with the self-reported ED. Approximately 90% of the sample perceived BAP to be a societal issue and reported predominantly customers and colleagues to be the cause of their personal experience of BAP. Fewer than 50% knew of any actions taken by their employer to reduce BAP. There were few differences according to profession or educational level.ConclusionFitness instructors report BAP to affect them negatively, which may put them at risk of impaired mental health. Educational level did not protect against figure idealization and BAP. To care for their employees and to optimize their position as a public health promoter, the fitness industry should target BAP in health promotion programs.
Association of Sedentary Behavior With Anxiety, Depression, and Suicide Ideation in College Students
Authors: Jiang Liyuan , Cao Yong , Ni Shuangfei , Chen Xiang , Shen Minxue , Lv Hongbin , Hu Jianzhong 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To investigate the association of sedentary behavior with anxiety, depression, and suicide ideation in multi-centered college students in China.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the first-year college student population. The students underwent a questionnaire survey inquiring about sedentary behavior (hours per day) and physical activity (minutes per week) during the past year. Anxiety, depression, and sleep quality were measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. Mixed models were used to estimate the associations, and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were presented as the effect size. Mediation effect analysis was conducted to test the mediation effect of PSQI.Results: A total of 28,298 participants (response rate: 82%) completed the survey and were included in the final analyses. Crude and adjusted estimates consistently showed that both sedentary behavior and physical activity were significantly associated with mental illnesses. Sedentary behavior was positively associated with anxiety, depression, and suicidal behavior in a dose-response manner (AOR: 0.54–0.24; ≥7 h/day as reference), independent from the effect of physical activity (AOR: 0.78–0.41; no physical activity as reference). The association of sedentary behavior with mental health was partly mediated by sleep quality (25–71%).Conclusions: There is an independent dose-response association of sedentary behavior with mental well-being among college students in China, and this association may be partially attributable to impaired sleep quality. Attention should be drawn and actions should be taken by college educators and mental health providers.
The Psychology of Food Cravings in Patients With First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Kim Young-Hyuk , Ryu Seunghyong , Nam Hee-Jung , Kim Mina , Jhon Min , Lee Ju-Yeon , Kim Jae-Min , Shin Min Ho , Chung Young-Chul , Kim Sung-Wan 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:Food cravings may cause weight gain in patients with schizophrenia. This study investigated psychological characteristics associated with food cravings in patients with first-episode psychosis.Methods:This study analyzed data from a clinical cohort of first-episode psychosis patients taking antipsychotics for 3 months or less. The strength of food cravings was measured using the General Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait (G-FCQ-T). Psychological characteristics and psychiatric symptoms were investigated with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Clinical characteristics were compared according to significant weight gain (≥10% increase in body weight compared to baseline) over 3 months. Associations between the G-FCQ-T and other psychiatric scales were investigated. We conducted sex-stratified analyses.Results:In total, 182 patients (78 males and 104 females) with first-episode psychosis were enrolled in this study. In females, the G-FCQ-T total score at baseline was associated with baseline body weight and significant weight gain over 3 months. The PSS scales were significantly associated the G-FCQ-T total and all subscale scores in female participants. Scores on the RSES and CDSS were significantly associated with the G-FCQ-T total score and with the preoccupation and loss of control subscale scores. The PANSS negative and general subscales were significantly associated with the positive outcome expectancy and loss of control subscales of the G-FCQ-T, respectively. In males, the only significant association was between the loss of control subscale and RSES scores. Linear regression analysis showed significant associations of PSS scores with the total and all subscale scores of the G-FCQ-T despite the loss of significance for other variables.Conclusion:These results indicate that the food cravings in patients with first-episode psychosis, which were associated with weight gain, were influenced by perceived stress in females. To reduce food cravings in female patients with schizophrenia, interventions aimed at perceived stress should be considered.
A constitucionalidade da extração compulsória de material genético para fins de prova na persecução penal
Authors: Danielski Chrystopher Augusto 
Published: December 2020

Nos feitos de natureza penal, é comum que a autoridade policial venha a se deparar com vestígios biológicos capazes de apontar a autoria do delito. A título exemplificativo, podem-se citar sêmen em crimes sexuais, células do agressor sob as unhas da vítima ou mesmo sangue do delinquente ao tentar se evadir pela vidraça de uma moradia. Contudo, diante de um alargamento interpretativo, extremado do princípio da presunção de inocência, há grande dificuldade em se proceder ao cotejo entre eventual material genético encontrado e a pessoa do investigado, tudo sob a justificativa da proteção que lhe é dada em não produzir prova contra si, revestindo-o com um escudo de impunidade. Em tal cenário, busca-se estabelecer diferenciação entre a produção de prova autoincriminatória e a tolerância de prova, esta última, entende-se, contornada pelos limites constitucionais.
O reconhecimento da agravante da reincidência quando não alegada no plenário do Tribunal do Júri
Authors: Da Silva Paulo Henrique Lorenzetti 
Published: December 2020

A Lei n. 11.689/2008, que alterou o rito do Tribunal do Júri, no que tange à prolação da sentença, após os debates no plenário, trouxe nova redação ao artigo 492 do Código de Processo Penal, nos seguintes termos: “Em seguida, o presidente proferirá sentença que: I – no caso de condenação: [...] b) considerará as circunstâncias agravantes ou atenuantes alegadas nos debates”. Todavia, na fase de preparação do processo para o julgamento em plenário (art. 422 do Código de Processo Penal), a acusação e a defesa, no prazo de cinco dias, podem requerer diligências. Nessa etapa processual, via de regra, o Ministério Público requer a certificação dos antecedentes criminais do réu, a fim de demonstrar nos autos a reincidência. Já em plenário, durante a fase de debates, a acusação, representada pelo Ministério Público, expõe aos jurados as provas relativas à materialidade e à autoria do fato, além de refutar as teses defensivas e demonstrar a existência, quando for o caso, das qualificadoras do crime. Dessa forma, este trabalho analisa a possibilidade ou não de aplicação da agravante da reincidência, caso tal circunstância não tenha sido alegada durante os debates. A questão é controversa na jurisprudência catarinense, razão pela qual é necessário debater o tema.
As inovações jurisprudenciais advindas do dano moral coletivo: uma análise sobre sua aplicação no direito brasileiro
Authors: Penzo Betti Neto Alexandre 
Published: December 2020

Os anseios da sociedade contemporânea desencadearam uma evolução no instituto do dano moral e ampliaram sua incidência, a fim de tutelar situações que envolvam direitos difusos e coletivos. Assim, surgiu o que a doutrina denomina de dano moral coletivo. É a partir da efetivação do conceito desse novel instituto – ainda em construção, que o presente estudo se insere. O artigo se propõe a realizar uma averiguação acerca do papel do dano moral coletivo no ordenamento jurídico, tendo em vista as particularidades inerentes aos direitos metaindividuais, analisando-se o seu reconhecimento e aplicação nos precedentes do Superior Tribunal de Justiça.
Defining Traits of the Soviet National Policy in the Belarussian and Russian Soviet Republics in the mid-late 1930’s
Authors: Альховик Н.К. 
Published: December 2020

В статье выявлена эволюция национальной политики в БССР и РСФСР в 1933–1939 гг., определены ее этапы, направления и особенности. Раскрыты основные причины пересмотра концепции национального строительства в СССР в середине-конце 1930-х гг. Установлено, что процесс сужения сферы использования и функций белорусского языка, отказ от сохранения доминирующего положения белорусской советской культуры создавали опасность ассимиляции белорусского населения. Одновременно с отходом от белорусизации была свернута политика, направленная на обеспечение национальных потребностей титульного населения в автономных республиках и областях РСФСР.
Выявлено, что в центре внимания партийно-государственных работников находилось усиление позиций русского языка и культуры в БССР: проводились мероприятия, направленные на расширение русской печати, сети русских школ и культурных заведений. В 1933–1937 гг. советская власть балансировала в выборе генеральной стратегии относительно национальных меньшинств БССР и РСФСР, потому ликвидация их учреждений и организаций не имела всеобъемлющего масштаба и сопровождалась мероприятиями в поддержку их национальной идентичности. С 1937–1939 гг. власти придерживались курса на ликвидацию институтов национальных меньшинств БССР и РСФСР как очагов антигосударственной работы. Конечной целью государственной политики являлась их ассимиляция.
The article defines the evolution of the national policy in the BSSR and the RSFSR in 1933–1939, its stages, directions and features. The main reasons for the revision of the concept of national construction in the USSR in the mid-late 1930s are revealed. It is established that the process of narrowing the scope of use and functions of the Belarusian language, the refusal to maintain the dominant position of the Belarusian Soviet culture created a danger of assimilation of the Belarusian population. Simultaneously with the abandonment of Belarusization policies aimed at ensuring the national needs of the titular population in the autonomous republics and regions of the RSFSR was curtailed.
Strengthening the position of the Russian language and culture in the BSSR was the major focus of the party and state workers: activities aimed at expanding the Russian press, the network of Russian schools and cultural institutions were carried out. In 1933–1937, the Soviet power balanced in the choice of the general strategy concerning national minorities of the BSSR and the RSFSR, therefore, the liquidation of their institutions and organizations was not total and it was accompanied by activities in support of their national identity. From 1937–1939 the authorities followed the course of eliminating the institutions of national minorities in the BSSR and the RSFSR as hotbeds of anti-state work. The ultimate goal of state policy was their assimilation.
Philosophy of Culture and European Identity
Authors: Słomski Wojciech 
Published: December 2020

The problem of identity at least these days, is not a directly philosophical problem, but rather the subject of disputes in the well-known newspapers. Identity is rarely the subject of modern famous thinkers' speeches. This is because in the present process of uniting Europe, the main debate centres around the economic and political aspects of the process, whilst the cultural aspects are put to one side. It is worth mentioning here C. Adenauer's assertion: „The ground of European unity is an idea of Christian community, culture and European civilization." In this context we can also mention the previous chairman of the European Commission, J . Dolors, who states: „If Europe does not have its own soul, it will not define itself as cultural, it will not be Europe. But if it is only a political or economical community, it will not absolutely fulfil its task." It is not difficult to notice the difference between these two statements; the first highlights the problem of cultural unity, formulated as a postulate, a kind of program which must be carried out in the future. We can interpret Dolors' thought as a kind of warning against neglecting the problem of cultural identity.