bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotyping peach‐allergic patients sensitized to lipid transfer protein and analysing severity biomarkers
Authors: Bogas Gador , Muñoz‐Cano Rosa , Mayorga Cristobalina , Casas Rocio , Bartra Joan , Pérez Natalia , Pascal Mariona , Palomares Francisca , Torres María José , Gómez Francisca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with peach allergy due to nsLTP sensitization constitute a heterogeneous group in terms of sensitization profile and severity. This could be due to the presence of additional allergies to pollens. The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical characteristics, sensitization profile and severity of reactions in peach‐allergic patients sensitized to nsLTP from two Mediterranean areas with different pollen exposure.MethodsPatients with diagnosis of LTP allergy from the Allergy Unit of Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga (HRUM) and Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (HCB) were prospectively included and classified into two groups; (a) LTP‐monoallergic: those that presented reaction only with peach and (b) LTP‐Allergy: those that presented reaction with peach and at least another plant‐food containing LTP.ResultsA total of 252 patients were included, 235 (93.2%) had LTP‐syndrome and 17 (6.8%) were LTP‐monoallergic. We found a higher percentage of anaphylaxis and delayed onset of symptoms in the LTP‐monoallergic group (P = .02 and P = .04, respectively). Moreover, anaphylaxis was less frequent in patients with profilin sensitization (P = .03). The comparison of patients' data from HRUM with data from HCB showed differences in sensitization to olive tree pollen and profilin (P = .01 and P = .001, respectively).ConclusionThis study was undertaken to characterize two large group of subjects from to two regions with differing exposures to pollen. We found that more than 90% of peach‐allergic patients in both populations evolved to LTP‐Allergy and showed an early onset. Profilin sensitization could be more useful as a severity biomarker than the number of nsLTP, aeroallergen sensitizations or sIgE levels. This could provide clues regarding sensitization and severity patterns that might be relevant in other geographical areas.
A compendium answering 150 questions on COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Riggioni Carmen , Comberiati Pasquale , Giovannini Mattia , Agache Ioana , Akdis Mübeccel , Alves‐Correia Magna , Antó Josep M. , Arcolaci Alessandra , Azkur Ahmet Kursat , Azkur Dilek , Beken Burcin , Boccabella Cristina , Bousquet Jean , Breiteneder Heimo , Carvalho Daniela , De las Vecillas Leticia , Diamant Zuzana , Eguiluz‐Gracia Ibon , Eiwegger Thomas , Eyerich Stefanie , Fokkens Wytske , Gao Ya‐dong , Hannachi Farah , Johnston Sebastian L. , Jutel Marek , Karavelia Aspasia , Klimek Ludger , Moya Beatriz , Nadeau Kari C. , O'Hehir Robyn , O'Mahony Liam , Pfaar Oliver , Sanak Marek , Schwarze Jürgen , Sokolowska Milena , Torres María J. , van de Veen Willem , van Zelm Menno C. , Wang De Yun , Zhang Luo , Jiménez‐Saiz Rodrigo , Akdis Cezmi A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn December 2019, China reported the first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has developed into a pandemic. To date, it has resulted in ~9 million confirmed cases and caused almost 500 000 related deaths worldwide. Unequivocally, the COVID‐19 pandemic is the gravest health and socioeconomic crisis of our time. In this context, numerous questions have emerged in demand of basic scientific information and evidence‐based medical advice on SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19. Although the majority of the patients show a very mild, self‐limiting viral respiratory disease, many clinical manifestations in severe patients are unique to COVID‐19, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia, a “cytokine storm” leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, endothelitis, thromboembolic complications, and multiorgan failure. The epidemiologic features of COVID‐19 are distinctive and have changed throughout the pandemic. Vaccine and drug development studies and clinical trials are rapidly growing at an unprecedented speed. However, basic and clinical research on COVID‐19–related topics should be based on more coordinated high‐quality studies. This paper answers pressing questions, formulated by young clinicians and scientists, on SARS‐CoV‐2, COVID‐19, and allergy, focusing on the following topics: virology, immunology, diagnosis, management of patients with allergic disease and asthma, treatment, clinical trials, drug discovery, vaccine development, and epidemiology. A total of 150 questions were answered by experts in the field providing a comprehensive and practical overview of COVID‐19 and allergic disease.
Inhibition of mite‐induced dermatitis, pruritus, and nerve sprouting in mice by the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan
Authors: Kido‐Nakahara Makiko , Wang Bing , Ohno Fumitaka , Tsuji Gaku , Ulzii Dugarmaa , Takemura Masaki , Furue Masutaka , Nakahara Takeshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundEndothelin‐1 (EDN1) can evoke histamine‐independent pruritus in mammals and is upregulated in the lesional epidermis of atopic dermatitis (AD). EDN1 increases the production of interleukin 25 (IL‐25) from keratinocytes to accelerate T helper type 2 immune deviation. Plasma EDN1 levels are positively correlated with the clinical severity and itch intensity of AD. Therefore, we hypothesized that the inhibition of EDN1 might be useful for treating atopic inflammation and itch and investigated the effects of the topical application of the EDN1 receptor antagonist bosentan on the skin inflammation and itch in a murine AD model.MethodsWe analyzed the mite‐induced AD‐like NC/Nga murine model, which was topically applied with bosentan or ethanol control every day for 3 weeks. We also subjected in vitro primary sensory neuron culture systems to nerve elongation and branching assays after EDN1 stimulation.ResultsTopical application of bosentan significantly attenuated the development of mite‐induced AD‐like skin inflammation, dermatitis scores, ear thickness, scratching bouts, and serum level of thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine in NC/Nga mice. Bosentan application also significantly reduced the gene expression of Il13, Il17, and Ifng in the treated lesions. Histologically, the number of infiltrated dermal cells, the epidermal EDN1 expression, and the number of intraepidermal nerve fibers were significantly inhibited upon bosentan application. While EDN1 significantly elongated the neurites of dorsal root ganglion cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, bosentan treatment attenuated this.ConclusionsEDN1 plays a significant role in mite‐induced inflammation and itch. Topical bosentan is a potential protective candidate for AD.
High incidence of radiolucent lines at the implant–cement interface of a new total knee replacement
Authors: Hoskins Wayne , Gorup Peter , Claireaux Harry , Stokes Chris , Bingham Roger 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecently introduced total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants have been linked with the early development of periprosthetic radiolucency (PPRL). The aim of this study was to carry out a retrospective clinical and radiographical analysis of a consecutive series of a new TKA, and to assess the incidence and distribution of PPRL.MethodsA retrospective review of all new TKA implants performed by a single surgeon at a single hospital between March 2013 and October 2017 was performed. The minimum follow‐up period was 3 months, with ongoing patient review at 6, 12 and 36 months. Sequential post‐operative radiographs were performed to determine the presence of PPRL.ResultsA total of 122 TKAs were identified in 112 patients over the 4.5‐year study period. The average follow‐up time was 21 months (range 3–51 months). PPRL was noted in 29 TKAs (23.8%). When comparing the PPRL group to those without PPRL, there was a difference in body mass index, with body mass index associated with an increased likelihood of PPRL (P = 0.003). There was no difference in constraint of implant (P = 0.818), cement type (P = 0.340), patella resurfacing (P = 0.286), age (P = 0.984) gender (P = 0.376) or initial mechanical axis deviation (P = 0.054) between groups. PPRL were most commonly seen in tibial anterior‐posterior (AP) zone 1 and zone 2 (96.6%), followed by femoral lateral zone 5 (58.6%), tibia lateral zone 1 (55.2%) and tibial lateral zone 2 (53.2%). No patients have required revision surgery.ConclusionA high incidence of early PPRL is seen in patients undergoing primary TKA using a new implant system, mainly involving the tibial component. Ongoing clinical and radiological assessment for patients seems warranted based on these findings.
Two‐group Poisson‐Dirichlet mixtures for multiple testing
Authors: Denti Francesco , Guindani Michele , Leisen Fabrizio , Lijoi Antonio , Wadsworth William Duncan , Vannucci Marina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe simultaneous testing of multiple hypotheses is common to the analysis of high‐dimensional data sets. The two‐group model, first proposed by Efron, identifies significant comparisons by allocating observations to a mixture of an empirical null and an alternative distribution. In the Bayesian nonparametrics literature, many approaches have suggested using mixtures of Dirichlet Processes in the two‐group model framework. Here, we investigate employing mixtures of two‐parameter Poisson‐Dirichlet Processes instead, and show how they provide a more flexible and effective tool for large‐scale hypothesis testing. Our model further employs nonlocal prior densities to allow separation between the two mixture components. We obtain a closed‐form expression for the exchangeable partition probability function of the two‐group model, which leads to a straightforward Markov Chain Monte Carlo implementation. We compare the performance of our method for large‐scale inference in a simulation study and illustrate its use on both a prostate cancer data set and a case‐control microbiome study of the gastrointestinal tracts in children from underdeveloped countries who have been recently diagnosed with moderate‐to‐severe diarrhea.
Optimality of testing procedures for survival data in the nonproportional hazards setting
Authors: Arfè Andrea , Alexander Brian , Trippa Lorenzo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMost statistical tests for treatment effects used in randomized clinical trials with survival outcomes are based on the proportional hazards assumption, which often fails in practice. Data from early exploratory studies may provide evidence of nonproportional hazards, which can guide the choice of alternative tests in the design of practice‐changing confirmatory trials. We developed a test to detect treatment effects in a late‐stage trial, which accounts for the deviations from proportional hazards suggested by early‐stage data. Conditional on early‐stage data, among all tests that control the frequentist Type I error rate at a fixed α level, our testing procedure maximizes the Bayesian predictive probability that the study will demonstrate the efficacy of the experimental treatment. Hence, the proposed test provides a useful benchmark for other tests commonly used in the presence of nonproportional hazards, for example, weighted log‐rank tests. We illustrate this approach in simulations based on data from a published cancer immunotherapy phase III trial.
Gut microbiome, diet, and conservation of endangered langurs in Sri Lanka
Authors: Amato Katherine R. , Kuthyar Sahana , Ekanayake‐Weber Marcy , Salmi Roberta , Snyder‐Mackler Noah , Wijayathunga Lasanthi , Vandercone Rajnish , Lu Amy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms by which organisms respond to environmental change is critical to conservation biology. Recent research indicates that the gut microbiome may mediate mammalian responses to the environment and can be used as a biomarker to understand host ecological strategies. Here, we explore the relationship between the gut microbiome, host dietary niche, and potential resilience to habitat alteration using two closely related, sympatric non‐human primate species: the tufted gray langur (Semnopithecus priam) and the purple‐faced langur (Semnopithecus vetulus). The gray langur is suspected to be a habitat generalist less perturbed by anthropogenic disturbance, while the purple‐faced langur is suspected to be a specialist more sensitive to disturbance. To test these characterizations, we assessed the gut microbiome using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of fecal samples collected from Kaludiyapokuna Forest Reserve, Sri Lanka (gray langur n = 50 samples, purple‐faced langur n = 7 samples). Our results demonstrate that despite strong gut microbial similarities, gray langurs had a more diverse gut microbiome that harbored Prevotella and Akkermansia, taxa involved in starch degradation, while the purple‐faced langur gut microbiome harbored Roseburia, Clostridium, and Ruminococcus, taxa involved in processing plant structural carbohydrates. Compared to related species in other locations, both Sri Lankan langurs harbored more pathogenic bacteria. These differences suggest that gray langurs have more generalist diets, making them more resilient to anthropogenic change, but also indicate that they are not impervious to human encroachment. Our findings suggest that microbiome analyses are an important tool for langur ecology and conservation, and should be integrated into ongoing studies.
Body mass affects short‐term heterothermy in Neotropical bats
Authors: Czenze Zenon J. , Dunbar Miranda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent work in Australia and Africa has shown that heterothermy is widespread among phylogenetically diverse tropical and subtropical mammalian taxa. However, data on the use of heterothermy by Neotropical mammals are relatively scant, and those studies that exist focus on insect‐eating bats. We investigated the capacity of fruit‐eating Neotropical bats to use heterothermy when exposed to acute cold temperatures, and compared this to previous data focused on insect‐eating bats sampled from the same region and time of year. We measured rectal temperatures prior to acute cold exposure (1 hr at an air temperature of 6, 7, or 10°C), and again after exposure. Our data show considerable variation in the thermoregulatory patterns of Neotropical bats, and generally, our results show that smaller bats cool quicker and to a greater extent than larger bats. Our results highlight the importance of energy conservation even in environments in which resources are relatively abundant.
Can light‐saturated photosynthesis in lowland tropical forests be estimated by one light level?
Authors: Verryckt Lore T. , Ellsworth David S. , Vicca Sara , Van Langenhove Leandro , Peñuelas Josep , Ciais Philippe , Posada Juan M. , Stahl Clément , Coste Sabrina , Courtois Elodie A. , Obersteiner Michael , Chave Jérôme , Janssens Ivan A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLeaf‐level net photosynthesis (An) estimates and associated photosynthetic parameters are crucial for accurately parameterizing photosynthesis models. For tropical forests, such data are poorly available and collected at variable light conditions. To avoid over‐ or underestimation of modeled photosynthesis, it is critical to know at which photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) photosynthesis becomes light‐saturated. We studied the dependence of An on PPFD in two tropical forests in French Guiana. We estimated the light saturation range, including the lowest PPFD level at which Asat (An at light saturation) is reached, as well as the PPFD range at which Asat remained unaltered. The light saturation range was derived from photosynthetic light‐response curves, and within‐canopy and interspecific differences were studied. We observed wide light saturation ranges of An. Light saturation ranges differed among canopy heights, but a PPFD level of 1,000 µmol m−2 s−1 was common across all heights, except for pioneer trees species that did not reach light saturation below 2,000 µmol m−2 s−1. A light intensity of 1,000 µmol m−2 s−1 sufficed for measuring Asat of climax species at our study sites, independent of the species or the canopy height. Because of the wide light saturation ranges, results from studies measuring Asat at higher PPFD levels (for upper canopy leaves up to 1,600 µmol m−2 s−1) are comparable with studies measuring at 1,000 µmol m−2 s−1.
Cancer‐associated adipocytes promote pancreatic cancer progression through SAA1 expression
Authors: Takehara Masanori , Sato Yasushi , Kimura Tetsuo , Noda Kazuyoshi , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Fujino Yasuteru , Miyoshi Jinsei , Nakamura Fumika , Wada Hironori , Bando Yoshimi , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Shimada Mitsuo , Muguruma Naoki , Takayama Tetsuji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough pancreatic cancer often invades peripancreatic adipose tissue, little information is known about cancer‐adipocyte interaction. We first investigated the ability of adipocytes to de‐differentiate to cancer‐associated adipocytes (CAAs) by co‐culturing with pancreatic cancer cells. We then examined the effects of CAA‐conditioned medium (CAA‐CM) on the malignant characteristics of cancer cells, the mechanism underlying those effects, and their clinical relevance in pancreatic cancer. When 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were co‐cultured with pancreatic cancer cells (PANC‐1) using the Transwell system, adipocytes lost their lipid droplets and changed morphologically to fibroblast‐like cells (CAA). Adipocyte‐specific marker mRNA levels significantly decreased but those of fibroblast‐specific markers appeared, characteristic findings of CAA, as revealed by real‐time PCR. When PANC‐1 cells were cultured with CAA‐CM, significantly higher migration/invasion capability, chemoresistance, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) properties were observed compared with control cells. To investigate the mechanism underlying these effects, we performed microarray analysis of PANC‐1 cells cultured with CAA‐CM and found a 78.5‐fold higher expression of SAA1 compared with control cells. When the SAA1 gene in PANC‐1 cells was knocked down with SAA1 siRNA, migration/invasion capability, chemoresistance, and EMT properties were significantly attenuated compared with control cells. Immunohistochemical analysis on human pancreatic cancer tissues revealed positive SAA1 expression in 46/61 (75.4%). Overall survival in the SAA1‐positive group was significantly shorter than in the SAA1‐negative group (P = .013). In conclusion, we demonstrated that pancreatic cancer cells induced de‐differentiation in adipocytes toward CAA, and that CAA promoted malignant characteristics of pancreatic cancer via SAA1 expression, suggesting that SAA1 is a novel therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
5‐Fluorouracil resistance mechanisms in colorectal cancer: From classical pathways to promising processes
Authors: Blondy Sabrina , David Valentin , Verdier Mireille , Mathonnet Muriel , Perraud Aurélie , Christou Niki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a public health problem. It is the third most common cancer in the world, with nearly 1.8 million new cases diagnosed in 2018. The only curative treatment is surgery, especially for early tumor stages. When there is locoregional or distant invasion, chemotherapy can be introduced, in particular 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). However, the disease can become tolerant to these pharmaceutical treatments: resistance emerges, leading to early tumor recurrence. Different mechanisms can explain this 5‐FU resistance. Some are disease‐specific, whereas others, such as drug efflux, are evolutionarily conserved. These mechanisms are numerous and complex and can occur simultaneously in cells exposed to 5‐FU. In this review, we construct a global outline of different mechanisms from disruption of 5‐FU‐metabolic enzymes and classic cellular processes (apoptosis, autophagy, glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, respiration, and cell cycle perturbation) to drug transporters and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition induction. Particular interest is directed to tumor microenvironment function as well as epigenetic alterations and miRNA dysregulation, which are the more promising processes that will be the subject of much research in the future.
CENP‐50 is required for papilloma development in the two‐stage skin carcinogenesis model
Authors: Saito Megumi , Kagawa Naoko , Okumura Kazuhiro , Munakata Haruka , Isogai Eriko , Fukagawa Tatsuo , Wakabayashi Yuichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCENP‐50/U is a component of the CENP‐O complex (CENP‐O/P/Q/R/U) and localizes to the centromere throughout the cell cycle. Aberrant expression of CENP‐50/U has been reported in many types of cancers. However, as Cenp‐50/U‐deficient mice die during early embryogenesis, its functions remain poorly understood in vivo. To investigate the role of Cenp‐50/U in skin carcinogenesis, we generated Cenp‐50/U conditional knockout (K14CreER‐Cenp‐50/Ufl/fl) mice and subjected them to the 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/terephthalic acid (TPA) chemical carcinogenesis protocol. As a result, early‐stage papillomas decreased in Cenp‐50/U‐deficient mice. In contrast, Cenp‐50/U‐deficient mice demonstrated almost the same carcinoma incidence as control mice. Furthermore, mRNA expression analysis using DMBA/TPA‐induced papillomas and carcinomas revealed that Cenp‐50/U expression levels in papillomas were significantly higher than in carcinomas. These results suggest that Cenp‐50/U functions mainly in early papilloma development and it has little effect on malignant conversion.
Phylogeny and evolution of Mesozoic and extant lineages of Histeridae (Coleoptera), with discovery of a new subfamily Antigracilinae from the Lower Cretaceous
Authors: Zhou Yu‐Lingzi , Caterino Michael S. , Ren Dong , Ślipiński Adam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn order to place a newly discovered species Antigracilus costatus gen. sp. n. from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (China) and to assess previously unplaced fossil taxa, we investigated the relationships of extant and extinct lineages of Histeridae based on three data sets: (i) 69 morphological characters belonging to 48 taxa (representing all 11 subfamilies and 15 of 17 tribes of modern Histeridae); (ii) partitioned alignment of 6030 bp from downloaded nucleotide sequences (28S, CAD, COI, 18S) of 50 taxa (representing 10 subfamilies and 15 of 17 tribes of modern Histeridae); and (iii) a combined morphological and molecular dataset for 75 taxa. Phylogenetic analyses of the morphology and combined matrices recovered the new Lower Cretaceous taxon as a sister group to remaining Histeridae and it is placed in †Antigracilinae subfam. n. †Antigracilinae constitutes the earliest record of Histeridae from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (∼125 Myr), backdating the minimum age of the family by 25 Myr from the earliest Cenomanian (~99 Myr) to the Barremian of the Cretaceous Period. Our molecular phylogeny supports Histeridae to be divided into seven different clades, with currently recognised subfamilies Abraeinae (sensu lato), Saprininae, Chlamydopsinae, and Histerinae (sensu lato) recovered as monophyletic, while Dendrophilinae, Onthophilinae, and Tribalinae are polyphyletic taxa. The Burmese amber species †Pantostictus burmanicus Poinar & Brown is placed as a sister group to the tribe Plegaderini (Abraeinae) and was assigned as a new tribe Pantostictini trib. n. Both molecular and combined phylogenies recovered the subfamilies Trypanaeinae and Trypeticinae deeply within the subfamily Abraeinae (sensu lato), and they are downgraded into Trypanaeini stat. n. and Trypeticini stat. n.