bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of tool profile on mechanical behavior and material flow in friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys
Authors: Abolusoro O.P. , Akinlabi E.T. , Kailas S.V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe tool pin geometry used in friction stir welding of any material affects the transportation and mixing of the materials at the joint interface during the welding process. This further affects the mechanical properties of the joint. Tapered threaded and unthreaded tool pin profiles were investigated in this research work. The relationship between the material mixing characteristics and mechanical properties of each pin profile were evaluated. The results indicate that more materials mixing occurred in the nugget zone of the welds at lower rotational speed with the threaded tool pin than the unthreaded tool pin. However, at medium rotational speed, more volume of materials was swept into each other better in the unthreaded tool pin than the threaded pin. The tensile strengths of welds with the threaded tool pin were higher than the unthreaded tool pin. Although the two tool pins exhibit similarities in hardness variations across the weld zones however, higher average values of hardness were obtained at the nugget zone for welds performed with the tapered threaded tool pin. These could be as a result of better material mixing and higher opposition to grain dislocations across the dividing lines in the welds from the threaded tool pin.
Insights into the mechanism of cyanobacteria removal by the algicidal fungi Bjerkandera adusta and Trametes versicolor
Authors: Han Guomin , Ma Hui , Ren Shenrong , Gao Xueyan , He Xiaolong , Zhu Suwen , Deng Ruining , Zhang Shihua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFungal mycelia can eliminate almost all cocultured cyanobacterial cells within a short time. However, molecular mechanisms of algicidal fungi are poorly understood. In this study, a time‐course transcriptomic analysis of algicidal fungus Bjerkandera adusta T1 was applied to investigate gene expression and regulation. A total of 132, 300, 422, and 823 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr, respectively. Most DEGs exhibited high endopeptidase activity, cellulose catabolic process, and transmembrane transporter activity by using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Many decomposition genes encoding endopeptidases were induced a little later in B. adusta T1 when compared with previously investigated algicidal fungus Trametes versicolor F21a. Besides, the accumulated expression of Polysaccharide lyases8 (PL8) gene with peptidoglycan and alginate decomposition abilities was greatly delayed in B. adusta T1 relative to T. versicolor F21a. It was implied that endopeptidases and enzymes of PL8 might be responsible for the strong algicidal ability of B. adusta T1 as well as T. versicolor F21a.
ALG12‐CDG: An unusual patient without intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism, and with a novel variant
Authors: de la Morena‐Barrio María Eugenia , Sabater María , de la Morena‐Barrio Belén , Ruhaak Renee L. , Miñano Antonia , Padilla José , Toderici Mara , Roldán Vanessa , Gimeno Juan R. , Vicente Vicente , Corral Javier 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCongenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) type I is a group of rare disorders caused by recessive mutations in up to 25 genes that impair the N‐glycan precursor formation and its transfer to proteins resulting in hypoglycosylation of multiple proteins. Congenital disorder of glycosylation causes multisystem defects usually with psychomotor delay that is diagnosed in the infancy. We aim to supply further evidences supporting that CDG may be underestimated.MethodsAntithrombin and factor XI were studied by chromogenic and coagulometric methods. Hypoglycosylation of plasma proteins was evaluated by western blot, HPLC, Q‐TOF, and RP‐LC‐MRM‐MS. Genetic analysis included whole exome, Sanger sequencing, and PCR‐allele specific assay.ResultsWe here present an intriguing patient with an exceptional phenotype: 25‐year‐old women with a ventricular septal defect and severe idiopathic scoliosis but no facial dysmorphism, who dances as a professional, and has a University degree. Congenital disorder of glycosylation diagnosis started through the identification of antithrombin deficiency without SERPINC1 defect and the detection of hypoglycosylated forms. Increased levels of hypoglycosylated forms of F XI (also with significant deficiency) and transferrin were also detected. Whole exome analysis showed a novel homozygous ALG12 variant c.77T>A, p.(Val26Asp) supporting an ALG12‐CDG diagnosis. It also showed three new variants in KMT2D, and a mild, known ALG6 variant.ConclusionsThis novel ALG12‐CDG patient (the 13th reported) underlines the heterogeneity of this CDG and broadens its phenotypical spectrum, supports that these disorders are underestimated, and suggests that combination of global hypoglycosylation with specific gene defects might determine the clinical manifestations of CDG patients.
Reduction in Circulating Advanced Glycation End Products by Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Increased Likelihood of Type 2 Diabetes Remission in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: From the Cordioprev Study
Authors: Gutierrez‐Mariscal Francisco M. , Cardelo Magdalena P. , de la Cruz Silvia , Alcala‐Diaz Juan F. , Roncero‐Ramos Irene , Guler Ipek , Vals‐Delgado Cristina , López‐Moreno Alejandro , Luque Raul M. , Delgado‐Lista Javier , Perez‐Martinez Pablo , Yubero‐Serrano Elena M. , Lopez‐Miranda Jose 
Published: June 2020

ScopeIt is hypothesized that decreased advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels could affect type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission in newly diagnosed patients through the consumption of two healthy diets.Methods and ResultsPatients from CORDIOPREV study, all with previous cardiovascular events, with T2DM at the beginning of the study are included. Patients are randomized to a Mediterranean or a low‐fat diet for five years. No different diabetes remission rates are found among diets. Serum methylglioxal (MG) and carboximethyllysine (CML), levels dietary AGE, as well as gene expression of AGER1 and RAGE are measured. Serum MG decreases only after the consumption of the Mediterranean diet. Moreover, a COX regression analysis shows that each SD decrease in the MG, occurring after the Mediterranean diet, increases the probability of T2DM remission with HR:2.56(1.02–6.25) and p = 0.046 and each SD increase in disposition index at baseline increases the probability of remission with HR:1.94(1.32–2.87) and p = 0.001.ConclusionsIt is demonstrated that the reduction of serum AGEs levels and the modulation of its metabolism, occurring after the consumption of a Mediterranean diet, might be involved in the molecular mechanism underlying the T2DM remission of newly diagnosed patients with coronary heart disease.
Self‐management approaches to reduce the ill‐health burden associated with musculoskeletal foot and ankle problems: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Cherry Lindsey , Gates Lucy , McCormick Keith , Culliford David , Portillo Mari Carmen , Walker‐Bone Karen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe high ill‐health burden associated with musculoskeletal (MSK) disease has been widely reported, and various treatment approaches proposed. Increasingly, treatments have sought to reflect personalised care and incorporate self‐management (SM). However, the range of SM approaches proposed for foot and ankle MSK problems, and their relative clinical or cost‐effectiveness, has not been reviewed. A scoping review is required to understand the need/appropriateness of a systematic review on this topic.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will be conducted in line with the PRISMA‐ScR framework. We will perform an initial search across two databases to confirm search syntax. We will then complete a full search across three databases (Embase [Ovid], CINAHL [EBSCO], and Medline [EBSCO]) and grey literature (Cochrane Library, The British Library, The Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health [CADTH], The Health Foundation, The Kings Fund, and MedNar). We will use a snowballing strategy to review the reference list of retrieved texts, as per inclusion criteria, to identify previously unretrieved texts of potential relevance. In an iterative process, the protocol outlined above will be refined and repeated as new key terms come to light.Ethics and disseminationThe scoping review will synthesise what is known and not known about SM approaches for MSK foot and ankle problems. The review will form the first step in outlining future research recommendations and areas of potentially unmet clinical need. The findings will be submitted for publication and shared in written form with stakeholder groups involved in the design of future research.
Sensitivity and specificity of repetitive nerve stimulation with lower cutoffs for abnormal decrement in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Lamb Christopher J. , Rubin Devon I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe sensitivity of repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) in myasthenia gravis (MG) is dependent on the cutoff for abnormal decrement.MethodsRNS data of adults with and without MG from 2014 to 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. The maximum reliable RNS amplitude/area decrement before and after exercise from facial, spinal accessory (SA), ulnar, and fibular nerves was recorded. Sensitivity/specificity using 5%, 7%, and 10% cutoffs were calculated.ResultsSeventy‐nine of 141 patients had MG (46 generalized, 21 ocular, 12 bulbar). A total of 608 unique RNS recordings were analyzed. Overall RNS sensitivity/specificity at ≥5%, ≥7%, and ≥10% amplitude cutoffs were as follows: SA, 65.6%/86.3%, 49.2%/94.1%, and 29.5%/96.1%; facial, 51.0%/82.5%, 43.1%/95.0%, and 37.3%/100%; ulnar, 43.6%/100%, 41.0%/100%, and 41.0%/100%; and fibular, 52.6%/89.5%, 42.1%/94.7%, and 42.1%/100%.DiscussionLowering amplitude cutoff from 10% to 7% increased or maintained sensitivity with little loss in specificity. Post‐exercise and area analysis resulted in increased sensitivity in some circumstances.
Comparison of Growth, Body Weight, and Contribution to Recreational Creel of Channel Catfish and Channel Catfish × Blue Catfish Hybrids in Two Public Put–Grow–Take Fisheries in Kansas
Authors: Neely Ben C. , Lynott Sean T. , Koch Jeff D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fisheries managers in Kansas face increasing challenges to diversify angling opportunities and increase appeal to a broader audience. One method of diversification is the development of alternative fisheries to complement those that are already established. To address this desire for diversification, age-1 Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and age-0 Channel Catfish × Blue Catfish I. furcatus hybrids were stocked in equal numbers at approximately equal sizes in two Kansas impoundments to compare growth, body weight, and return to creel in public put–grow–take systems. Catfish were sampled over a 3-year period with a suite of gears, including gill nets, baited tandem hoop nets, and low-frequency electrofishing. Additionally, creel surveys were conducted at both impoundments in 2015 and 2016 to estimate angling success. Hybrid catfish exhibited more rapid growth than Channel Catfish and reached the 381-mm minimum harvest length approximately 267–343 d earlier in both impoundments. Channel Catfish weight was 1.01–1.06 times the hybrid catfish weight at 280 mm, 0.96–0.99 times the hybrid weight at 410 mm, and 0.88–0.95 times the hybrid weight at 610 mm. Angler success did not differ between types of catfish in either impoundment during either year, but low sample sizes prohibited thorough comparison. More Channel Catfish (N = 623) than hybrid catfish (N = 297) were encountered with sampling gears, but differences in catch rate by gear were minimal, with no discernable patterns. Results presented herein provide evidence that hybrid catfish might be suitable for public put–grow–take fisheries. Additionally, growth and production benefits of hybrid catfish may make them a more economical option than Channel Catfish in these types of fisheries.
Multiclass state‐dependent service systems with returns
Authors: Barjesteh Nasser , Abouee‐Mehrizi Hossein 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a service system facing several classes of customers in which the arrival rate and service time depend on the workload in the system, while the chance of return is a function of the service time. We first model the problem as a multiclass multiserver queueing network and investigate its stability by examining the conditions under which the Markov chain representing the network is positive recurrent. We then examine the impact of the relationship among the workload, service time, arrival rate, and the chance of return on the dynamics of the system using a fluid approach. We first characterize all equilibria of the system and show that the system may shift between several equilibrium states. We establish that all equilibria can be easily determined and demonstrate conditions under which an equilibrium is stable. We then prove that, surprisingly, the stability of an equilibrium and the congestion in the system may depend on the amount of time a customer spends outside of the system before returning for rework. However, we show that if the relationship between the workload and service time in a system facing a single class of customers is nondecreasing, the long‐run behavior of the system is not affected by how long it takes until a customer returns.
Mechanisms and evidence of vertical transmission of infections in pregnancy including SARS‐CoV‐2s
Authors: Mahyuddin Aniza P. , Kanneganti Abhiram , Wong Jeslyn J.L. , Dimri Pooja S. , Su Lin L. , Biswas Arijit , Illanes Sebastian E. , Mattar Citra N. Z. , Huang Ruby Y.‐J. , Choolani Mahesh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere remain unanswered questions concerning mother‐to‐child‐transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2. Despite reports of neonatal COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2 has not been consistently isolated in perinatal samples, thus definitive proof of transplacental infection is still lacking. To address these questions, we assessed investigative tools used to confirm maternal‐fetal infection and known protective mechanisms of the placental barrier that prevent transplacental pathogen migration. Forty studies of COVID‐19 pregnancies reviewed suggest a lack of consensus on diagnostic strategy for congenital infection. Although real‐time polymerase chain reaction of neonatal swabs was universally performed, a wide range of clinical samples was screened including vaginal secretions (22.5%), amniotic fluid (35%), breast milk (22.5%) and umbilical cord blood. Neonatal COVID‐19 was reported in eight studies, two of which were based on the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM in neonatal blood. Histological examination demonstrated sparse viral particles, vascular malperfusion and inflammation in the placenta from pregnant women with COVID‐19. The paucity of placental co‐expression of ACE‐2 and TMPRSS2, two receptors involved in cytoplasmic entry of SARS‐CoV‐2, may explain its relative insensitivity to transplacental infection. Viral interactions may utilise membrane receptors other than ACE‐2 thus, tissue susceptibility may be broader than currently known. Further spatial‐temporal studies are needed to determine the true potential for transplacental migration.
New Prospects for Particle Characterization Using Analytical Centrifugation with Sector‐Shaped Centerpieces
Authors: Uttinger Maximilian J. , Boldt Sebastian , Wawra Simon E. , Freiwald Tobias D. , Damm Cornelia , Walter Johannes , Lerche Dietmar , Peukert Wolfgang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnalytical centrifugation (AC) has recently shown great potential for the accurate determination of particle size distributions. The well‐established LUMiSizer(R) is customized by a new design allowing for higher rotor speeds, improved thermal insulation, and measurement cell assembly. The latter enables sedimentation analysis of nanoparticles (NPs) in sector‐shaped centerpieces. The measurement window of AC experiments is assessed by the Peclet (Pe) number. It is shown that at low Pe numbers (0.7 < Pe < 30), sedimentation, and diffusion can be accurately and simultaneously analyzed from the sedimentation boundaries within one experiment. Moreover, sedimentation properties can be reliably determined up to Pe numbers of 4000. The thermal characteristic throughout the sedimentation analysis is validated by measuring polystyrene particles at elevated temperatures. Moreover, the performance of the setup is demonstrated by determining the sedimentation properties of SiO2 NPs at intermediate Pe numbers in excellent agreement with results from analytical ultracentrifugation experiments. Finally, for the first time, an accurate analysis of the core–shell properties of Au NPs via AC is presented. By combining the analysis of sedimentation and diffusional properties at low Pe numbers, the shell thickness of the stabilizer cetyltrimethylammonium bromide alongside the core diameter distribution of the Au NPs is determined.
Distinctive communication networks in inactive states of β2‐adrenergic receptor: Mutual information and entropy transfer analysis
Authors: Sogunmez Nuray , Akten Ebru Demet 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMutual information and entropy transfer analysis employed on two inactive states of human beta‐2 adrenergic receptor (β2‐AR) unraveled distinct communication pathways. Previously, a so‐called “highly” inactive state of the receptor was observed during 1.5 microsecond long molecular dynamics simulation where the largest intracellular loop (ICL3) was swiftly packed onto the G‐protein binding cavity, becoming entirely inaccessible. Mutual information quantifying the degree of correspondence between backbone‐Cα fluctuations was mostly shared between intra‐ and extra‐cellular loop regions in the original inactive state, but shifted to entirely different regions in this latest inactive state. Interestingly, the largest amount of mutual information was always shared among the mobile regions. Irrespective of the conformational state, polar residues always contributed more to mutual information than hydrophobic residues, and also the number of polar‐polar residue pairs shared the highest degree of mutual information compared to those incorporating hydrophobic residues. Entropy transfer, quantifying the correspondence between backbone‐Cα fluctuations at different timesteps, revealed a distinctive pathway directed from the extracellular site toward intracellular portions in this recently exposed inactive state for which the direction of information flow was the reverse of that observed in the original inactive state where the mobile ICL3 and its intracellular surroundings drove the future fluctuations of extracellular regions.
Agonist bias and agonist‐dependent antagonism at corticotrophin releasing factor receptors
Authors: Tasma Zoe , Wills Peter , Hay Debbie L. , Walker Christopher S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) receptors represent potential drug targets for the treatment of anxiety, stress, and other disorders. However, it is not known if endogenous CRF receptor agonists display biased signaling, how effective CRF receptor antagonists are at blocking different agonists and signaling pathways or how receptor activity‐modifying proteins (RAMPs) effect these processes. This study aimed to address this by investigating agonist and antagonist action at CRF1 and CRF2 receptors. We used CRF1 and CRF2 receptor transfected Cos7 cells to assess the ability of CRF and urocortin (UCN) peptides to activate cAMP, inositol monophosphate (IP1), and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 signaling and determined the ability of antagonists to block agonist‐stimulated cAMP and IP1 accumulation. The ability of RAMPs to interact with CRF receptors was also examined. At the CRF1 receptor, CRF and UCN1 activated signaling in the same manner. However, at the CRF2 receptor, UCN1 and UCN2 displayed similar signaling profiles, whereas CRF and UCN3 displayed bias away from IP1 accumulation over cAMP. The antagonist potency was dependent on the receptor, agonist, and signaling pathway. CRF1 and CRF2 receptors had no effect on RAMP1 or RAMP2 surface expression. The presence of biased agonism and agonist‐dependent antagonism at the CRF receptors offers new avenues for developing drugs tailored to activate a specific signaling pathway or block a specific agonist. Our findings suggest that the already complex CRF receptor pharmacology may be underappreciated and requires further investigation.
Association between low body weight and cytochrome P‐450 enzyme activity in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Sandvik Pål , Lydersen Stian , Hegstad Solfrid , Spigset Olav 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVery little is known to which extent severe underweight could affect cytochrome P‐450 (CYP) enzyme activity. In this study, 24 patients with anorexia nervosa at two occasions ingested single oral doses of five test drugs known to be metabolized by CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, respectively. A mixed model analysis was used to evaluate the effect of changes in body mass index (BMI) on the metabolic activities of these enzymes. The primary end point was the change in drug/metabolite ratio of each of the test drugs per kg/m2 change in BMI. With increasing BMI, the metabolic activity of CYP3A4 decreased (change in the CYP3A4 drug/metabolite ratio per unit change in BMI = 0.056; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.011 to 0.102; P = .017). For CYP1A2, increasing BMI increased the metabolic activity with borderline significance (change in the CYP1A2 drug/metabolite ratio per unit change in BMI = –0.107; CI –0.220 to 0.005; P = .059). For CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6, no significant changes were seen. The clinical impact of these findings for drug treatment in patients with anorexia nervosa and other severely underweight patients needs to be further studied by examining the pharmacokinetics of specific drugs. This might be particularly relevant for drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 and/or CYP3A4.
Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma with pembrolizumab monotherapy
Authors: Chang Hao‐Chun , Hsu Chia‐Lin , Chang Yih‐Leong , Yu Chong‐Jen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdenocarcinoma (ADC) is the most common form of lung cancer; however, some other types of lung cancer can sometimes mimic ADC. It then takes experienced pathologists and special stains to make the correct diagnosis. Here, we present a patient with pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma who was misdiagnosed with ADC, and was treated with pembrolizumab for 13 months. The diagnosis and treatment (including immunotherapy) are also reviewed.
What affects residents' participation in the circular economy for sustainable development? Evidence from China
Authors: Hao Yu , Wang Yingting , Wu Qiuwei , Sun Shiwei , Wang Weilu , Cui Menglin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo realize sustainable development, China has vowed to build the circular economy for many years, but the level of development of this economy differs significantly in various regions of China. This study aims to examine the factors influencing residents' willingness to participate in the circular economy in Western China. We collected 791 online questionnaires from residents living in western Sichuan Province and Chongqing City. Based on the survey data, the Theory of Planned Behavior is adapted to construct a structural equation model. The empirical results indicate that four variables (i.e., Subjective Norm, Willingness to Sacrifice for the Environment, Perceived Economic Benefit, and Positive Anticipated Emotion) have significant effects on residents' willingness to participate in the circular economy. In addition, there is also evidence for Green Purchase Intention as a mediator for the relationship of Willingness to participate in circular economy with Subjective Norm, Willingness to Sacrifice for the Environment and Perceived Economic Benefit, and evidence for Perceived Behavior Control as a moderator of the relationship between Willingness to participate in circular economy and Positive Anticipated Emotion.