bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction diagrams and failure criteria for RC columns subjected to high temperature
Authors: Mahmoud Khaled Ahmed 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Previous works in constructing interaction diagrams have only focused on incorporating transient creep strain implicitly in the ultimate limit strain. The present paper aims to use different approaches to define concrete ultimate limit strain (failure strain) envelops at high temperatures for preloaded and unloaded, confined and unconfined, columns during heating are proposed. These approaches are chosen to understand the effect of using different techniques to determine transient creep strain on the resulted Nu–Mu diagrams.

Design/methodology/approach
Transient creep strain is included within the concrete ultimate limit strain relationships, implicitly and explicitly, by four different ways, and accordingly, four different failure criteria are suggested. To define the concrete ultimate limit strain, studies are conducted to evaluate the compression strain corresponding to the maximal flexural capacity at elevated temperatures. In the analysis, the thermal and structural analyses are decoupled and, based on the resulted ultimate limit strain, the Nu – Mu diagrams are constructed at different fire exposures.

Findings
The validity of the proposed model is established by comparing its predictions with experimental results found in the literature. Finally, comparative calculations regarding interaction diagrams obtained by the proposed model and by other methods found in the literature are performed. It was found that the proposed model predictions agree well with experimental results. It was also found that the suggested approaches, which include simplifications, reasonably predicted the exact column capacity.

Originality/value
The model.
Response of ramp-type heating in a monoclinic generalized thermoelastic material
Authors: Rani Leena , Shekhar Sushant 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe two-dimensional deformation of a homogeneous, thermally conducting, monoclinic material has been studied by using Laplace and Fourier transforms technique. A linear temperature ramping function is used to more realistically model: thermal loading of the half-space surface. The general solution obtained is applied to a specific problem of a half-space subjected to ramp-type heating and loading. The displacements, stresses and temperature distribution so obtained in the physical domain are computed numerically and illustrated graphically. The comparison for Lord-Shulman (L-S), Green and Lindsay (G–L), Green and Naghdi (G–N) and Chandrasekharaiah and Tzou (CTU) theories have been shown graphically to estimate the effect of ramping parameter of heating for an insulated and temperature gradient boundaries.Design/methodology/approachThe design of the study is eigenvalue approachFindingsHomogeneous, thermally conducting monoclinic material has been taken under consideration to study the effect of linear temperature ramping parameter on temperature and normal displacement field. It is observed that magnitude of field quantities is large near the point of application of source for the non-dimensional values of time in all the four models. The numerical values for the field quantities are computed graphically for a wide range of values of finite pulse rise-time in the two situations t0 < t, t0 > t for generalized thermoelasticity theories.Originality/value(1) Governing equations for homogeneous, t0 thermally conducting, monoclinic material are described and solved. (2) Eigen value approach is used to solve the problem. (3) The effect of ramping parameter of heating has been studied for various models of the thermoelasticity to show the comparision between them.
Multidimensional performance evaluation styles: budget rigidity and discretionary adjustments
Authors: Masuya Keita , Yoshida Eisuke 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This study aims to reconceptualize performance evaluation styles and reveal their performance effects.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a literature review, this study conceptualizes performance evaluation styles on two dimensions: priority of budgetary targets when setting performance criteria and use of accounting information for ex-post performance evaluation. This study discusses two concepts – budget rigidity and discretionary adjustments – to explain these two dimensions, and their optimal combination is then investigated by considering environmental uncertainty. The empirical analysis uses survey data from Japanese firms.

Findings
The results indicate that suitable combinations of budget rigidity and discretionary adjustments differ depending on environmental uncertainty. As expected, a combination of lower budget rigidity and higher discretionary adjustments is optimal in an uncertain environment. Contrary to expectations, a combination of higher budget rigidity and higher discretionary adjustments is optimal in a stable environment. Moreover, higher discretionary adjustments complement budgetary targets’ motivational effects, regardless of environmental uncertainty.

Originality/value
This study’s theoretical and empirical analysis suggests that it is difficult to understand the performance implications of performance evaluation styles without recognizing their multidimensionality and interdependencies. Moreover, the results demonstrate that discretionary adjustments in budget-based performance evaluations seem to act rationally in practice.
Never too old to work: managing an age diverse workforce
Authors: Butler Steve 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Setting the scene of a workforce that is living and working longer. Changing demographics are going to have a huge impact on the workplace and businesses need to get ahead of the curve.

Design/methodology/approach
Age stereotyping is one of the biggest issues faced by companies today. Companies need to focus on recruiting and retaining people based on their ability and capabilities, not their age.

Findings
In an intergenerational team, the team members are not artificially defined or divided by age; it is their talent that is important. Employers must recognize the unique skills and experiences each team member brings.

Originality/value
The expectation of flexibility among younger employees is now ingrained. If businesses want to recruit and retain younger workers, they must embrace this way of working. Flexibility is just as important for older workers, especially those with caring responsibilities (children or elderly parents.) Employers need to adapt their benefits package to appeal to all.
Wildfire reveals transient changes to individual traits and population responses of a native bumble bee Bombus vosnesenskii
Authors: Mola John M. , Miller Michael R. , O'Rourke Sean M. , Williams Neal M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Fire‐induced changes in the abundance and distribution of organisms, especially plants, can alter resource landscapes for mobile consumers driving bottom‐up effects on their population sizes, morphologies and reproductive potential. We expect these impacts to be most striking for obligate visitors of plants, like bees and other pollinators, but these impacts can be difficult to interpret due to the limited information provided by forager counts in the absence of survival or fitness proxies.

Increased bumble bee worker abundance is often coincident with the pulses of flowers that follow recent fire. However, it is unknown if observed postfire activity is due to underlying population growth or a stable pool of colonies recruiting more foragers to abundant resource patches. This distinction is necessary for determining the net impact of disturbance on bumble bees: are there population‐wide responses or do just a few colonies reap the rewards?

We estimated colony abundance before and after fire in burned and unburned areas using a genetic mark–recapture framework. We paired colony abundance estimates with measures of body size, counts of queens, and estimates of foraging and dispersal to assess changes in worker size, reproductive output, and landscape‐scale movements.

Higher floral abundance following fire not only increased forager abundance but also the number of colonies from which those foragers came. Importantly, despite a larger population size, we also observed increased mean worker size. Two years following fire, queen abundance was higher in both burned and unburned sites, potentially due to the dispersal of queens from burned into unburned areas. The effects of fire were transient; within two growing seasons, worker abundance was substantially reduced across the entire sampling area and body sizes were similar between burned and unburned sites.

Our results reveal how disturbance can temporarily release populations from resource limitation, boosting the genetic diversity, body size, and reproductive output of populations. Given that the effects of fire on bumble bees acted indirectly through pulsed resource availability, it is likely our results are generalizable to other situations, such as habitat restorations, where resource density is enhanced within the landscape.
Twelve‐hour fasting compared with expedited oral intake in the initial inpatient management of hyperemesis gravidarum: a randomised trial
Authors: Tan PC , Abdussyukur SA , Lim BK , Win ST , Omar SZ 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate fasting for 12 hours compared with expedited oral feeding in hospitalised women with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).DesignRandomised trial.SettingUniversity Hospital, Malaysia: April 2016–April 2017.PopulationOne hundred and sixty women hospitalised for HG.MethodWomen were randomised upon admission to fasting for 12 hours or expedited oral feeding. Standard HG care was instituted.Main outcome measurePrimary outcome was satisfaction score with overall treatment at 24 hours (0–10 Visual Numerical Rating Scale VNRS), vomiting episodes within 24 hours and nausea VNRS score at enrolment, and at 8, 16 and 24 hours.ResultsSatisfaction score, median (interquartile range) 8 (5–9) versus 8 (7–9) (P = 0.08) and 24‐hour vomiting episodes were 1 (0–4) versus 1 (0–5) (P = 0.24) for 12‐hour fasting versus expedited feeding, respectively. Repeated measures analysis of variance of nausea scores over 24 hours showed no difference (P = 0.11) between trial arms. Participants randomised to 12‐hour fasting compared with expedited feeding were less likely to prefer their feeding regimen in future hospitalisation (41% versus 65%, P = 0.001), to recommend to a friend (65% versus 84%, P = 0.01; RR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6–0.9) and to adhere to protocol (85% versus 95%, P = 0.04; RR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8–1.0). Symptoms profile, ketonuria status at 24 hours and length of hospital stay were not different.ConclusionAdvisory of 12‐hour fasting compared with immediate oral feeding resulted in a non‐significant difference in satisfaction score but adherence to protocol and fidelity to and recommendation of immediate oral feeding to a friend were lower. The 24‐hour nausea scores and vomiting episodes were similar.Tweetable abstractWomen hospitalised for hyperemesis gravidarum could feed as soon, as much and as often as can be tolerated compared with initial fasting.
SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and repercussions for male infertility patients: A proposal for the individualized provision of andrological services
Authors: Esteves Sandro C. , Lombardo Francesco , Garrido Nicolás , Alvarez Juan , Zini Armand , Colpi Giovanni M. , Kirkman‐Brown Jackson , Lewis Sheena E. M. , Björndahl Lars , Majzoub Ahmad , Cho Chak‐Lam , Vendeira Pedro , Hallak Jorge , Amar Edouard , Cocuzza Marcello , Bento Fabiola C. , Figueira Rita C. , Sciorio Romualdo , Laursen Rita J. , Metwalley Ahmad M. , Jindal Sunil K. , Parekattil Sijo , Ramasamy Ranjith , Alviggi Carlo , Humaidan Peter , Yovich John L. , Agarwal Ashok 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe prolonged lockdown of health facilities providing non‐urgent gamete cryopreservation—as currently recommended by many reproductive medicine entities and regulatory authorities due to the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic will be detrimental for subgroups of male infertility patients. We believe the existing recommendations should be promptly modified and propose that the same permissive approach for sperm banking granted for men with cancer is expanded to other groups of vulnerable patients. These groups include infertility patients (eg, azoospermic and cryptozoospermic) undergoing medical or surgical treatment to improve sperm quantity and quality, as well as males of reproductive age affected by inflammatory and systemic auto‐immune diseases who are about to start treatment with gonadotoxic drugs or who are under remission. In both scenarios, the “fertility window” may be transitory; postponing diagnostic semen analysis and sperm banking in these men could compromise the prospects of biological parenthood. Moreover, we provide recommendations on how to continue the provision of andrological services in a considered manner and a safe environment. Our opinion is timely and relevant given the fact that fertility services are currently rated as of low priority in most countries.
Epidemiological analysis of peripartum hysterectomy across nine European countries
Authors: Kallianidis Athanasios F. , Maraschini Alice , Danis Jakub , Colmorn Lotte B. , Deneux‐Tharaux Catherine , Donati Serena , Gissler Mika , Jakobsson Maija , Knight Marian , Kristufkova Alexandra , Lindqvist Pelle G. , Vandenberghe Griet , Van Den Akker Thomas ,   INOSS (the International Network of Obstetric Survey Systems)
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionPeripartum hysterectomy is a surgical procedure performed for severe obstetric complications such as major obstetric hemorrhage. The prevalence of peripartum hysterectomy in high‐resource settings is relatively low. Hence, international comparisons and studying indications and associations with mode of birth rely on the use of national obstetric survey data. Objectives were to calculate the prevalence and indications of peripartum hysterectomy and its association with national cesarean section rates and mode of birth in nine European countries.Material and methodsWe performed a descriptive, multinational, population‐based study among women who underwent peripartum hysterectomy. Data were collected from national or multiregional databases from nine countries participating in the International Network of Obstetric Survey Systems. We included hysterectomies performed from 22 gestational weeks up to 48 hours postpartum for obstetric hemorrhage, as this was the most restrictive, overlapping case definition between all countries. Main outcomes were prevalence and indications of peripartum hysterectomy. Additionally, we compared prevalence of peripartum hysterectomy between women giving birth vaginally and by cesarean section, and between women giving birth with and without previous cesarean section. Finally, we calculated correlation between prevalence of peripartum hysterectomy and national cesarean section rates, as well as national rates of women giving birth after a previous cesarean section.ResultsA total of 1302 peripartum hysterectomies were performed in 2 498 013 births, leading to a prevalence of 5.2 per 10 000 births ranging from 2.6 in Denmark to 10.7 in Italy. Main indications were uterine atony (35.3%) and abnormally invasive placenta (34.8%). Relative risk of hysterectomy after cesarean section compared with vaginal birth was 9.1 (95% CI 8.0‐10.4). Relative risk for hysterectomy for birth after previous cesarean section compared with birth without previous cesarean section was 10.6 (95% CI 9.4‐12.1). A strong correlation was observed between national cesarean section rate and prevalence of peripartum hysterectomy (ρ = 0.67, P < .05).ConclusionsPrevalence of peripartum hysterectomy may vary considerably between high‐income countries. Uterine atony and abnormally invasive placenta are the commonest indications for hysterectomy. Birth by cesarean section and birth after previous cesarean section are associated with nine‐fold increased risk of peripartum hysterectomy.
Epidemiology of bacteria and viruses in the respiratory tract of humans and domestic pigs
Authors: Bunke Jennifer , Receveur Kerstin , Oeser Ann Christin , Gutsmann Imke , Schubert Sabine , Podschun Rainer , Zell Roland , Fickenscher Helmut , Krumbholz Andi 
Published: May 2020

Bacteria and viruses were analysed in the upper respiratory tract of symptomatic pig farmers and their domestic pigs. Eighty six human nasal and 495 (50 pools) porcine snout swabs were collected in Schleswig‐Holstein, Germany. Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (62.8%, 54/86), human rhino‐ and coronaviruses (HRV, 29.1%, 25/86; HCoV, 16.3%, 14/86) were frequently detected in humans, while Haemophilus parasuis (90.0%, 45/50), Mycoplasma hyorhinis (78.6%, 11/14), Enterovirus G (EV‐G, 56.0%, 28/50) and S. aureus (36.0%, 18/50), respectively, were highly prevalent in pigs. The detection of S. aureus in human follow‐up samples indicates a carrier status. The methicillin‐resistant phenotype (MRSA) was identified in 33.3% (18/54) of nasal swabs and in one of 18 (5.6%) pooled snout swabs that were tested positive for S. aureus. Strains were indicative of the livestock‐associated clonal complex CC398, with t011 being the most common staphylococcal protein A type. Enterobacterales and non‐fermenters were frequently isolated from swabs. Their detection in follow‐up samples suggests a carrier status. All were classified as being non‐multiresistant. There was no example for cross‐species transmission of viruses. In contrast, transmission of S. aureus through occupational contact to pigs seems possible. The study contributes to the ‘One Health’ approach.
The relationship between sunitinib exposure and both efficacy and toxicity in real‐world patients with renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumour
Authors: Westerdijk Kim , Krens Stefanie D. , van der Graaf Winette T.A. , Mulder Sasja F. , van Herpen Carla M.L. , Smilde Tineke , van Erp Nielka P. , Desar Ingrid M.E. 
Published: May 2020

AimSunitinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Because of the large interpatient pharmacokinetic variability and established exposure‐response and exposure‐toxicity relationships in clinical trial patients, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) seems promising for optimizing sunitinib exposure. We aimed to investigate the relationship between sunitinib exposure and treatment outcome in a real‐world patient cohort.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational cohort study in 53 patients with metastatic RCC and 18 patients with metastatic GIST treated with sunitinib and receiving TDM‐guided dosing. Time on treatment – as a surrogate for progression‐free survival – in patients who achieved adequate sunitinib exposure was compared with patients who did not. Additionaly, the median sunitinib exposure was compared in patients with or without sunitinib‐induced toxicity leading to dose reduction.ResultsThe median time on treatment in patients with RCC who achieved adequate sunitinib exposure (n = 39) was 32 weeks, compared to 15 weeks in patients who did not achieve adequate sunitinib exposure (n = 12) (P = 0.244). In 29 patients (41%) with toxicity leading to dose reduction, sunitinib sum plasma trough concentration (Ctrough) until dose reduction was significantly higher compared to patients without toxicity leading to dose reduction (median 60 ng/mL vs 44 ng/mL; P < 0.001) and reduced to comparable levels after dose reduction (44 ng/mL; P = 0.488).ConclusionIn our real‐world patient cohort, patients with sunitinib‐induced toxicity requiring dose reduction had significantly higher sunitinib exposure compared to patients without toxicity. The threshold for toxicity, however, was lower compared to that previously described in clinical trials.
Fruit preferences by fishes in a Neotropical floodplain
Authors: Araujo Joisiane Mendes , Correa Sandra Bibiana , Anderson Jill , Penha Jerry 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe diets of frugivorous animals result from the interaction between feeding preference and ecological factors such as availability of alternative resources and interactions with other frugivores. A better understanding of frugivore diets will enable predictions about the vulnerability of plant populations to anthropogenic or natural environmental changes. In addition, frugivores with greater variation in diet (generalists) are potentially more resilient to habitat changes than specialists. Here, we combined data on diets of frugivorous fishes with visual censuses on fruit availability to evaluate if fishes are selective or opportunistic in their use of fruits in floodplain habitats. We found a high diversity of fruit species (74 species) frequently consumed by four common species of frugivorous fishes during the flooding season. The identity of preferred fruits, rather than their availability, had a stronger effect on the patterns of fruit consumed by fishes in this system. Fruit preferences by fish may influence the long‐term persistence and the maintenance of plant diversity in floodplain habitats. Possible disturbances of fish populations with selective consumption and the plant populations on which they depend could increase the vulnerability of both populations involved. Thus, selectivity may affect ecological and evolutionary processes associated with frugivory by fish.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Diabetic retinopathy progression 6 months post‐cataract surgery with intravitreous bevacizumab vs triamcinolone: A secondary analysis of the DiMECAT trial
Authors: Sasongko Muhammad B. , Rogers Sophie , Constantinou Marios , Sandhu Sukhpal S. , Wickremasinghe Sanjeewa S. , Al‐Qureshi Salmaan , Lim Lyndell L. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTImportanceDiabetic retinopathy (DR) may progress following cataract surgery due to surgery‐induced inflammation. The effect of intravitreal bevacizumab (BVB) and triamcinolone acetonide (TCA), which have differing anti‐inflammatory properties, on DR progression following cataract surgery has not been reported.BackgroundTo report the progression of DR in diabetic patients undergoing cataract extraction treated with intravitreal BVB or TCA during the surgery.DesignPost hoc analysis of 6‐month data from a prospective, randomized, double‐masked clinical trial.ParticipantsDiabetic patients with clinically significant cataract and fovea involving diabetic macular oedema (DME), or a recent history of DME.MethodsParticipants were randomly allocated 1:1 to receive intravitreal BVB 1.25 mg or TCA 4 mg during and post‐cataract surgery as needed. The rate of DR progression between groups was compared.Main Outcome MeasuresDR progression.ResultsThere were 61 eyes included. Patients receiving BVB were older than those receiving TCA (70.2 vs 64.3 years; P < .05). Three participants (10.7%) in the BVB and three (9.09%) in the TCA group had a one‐step progression, while none in BVB and only one (3%) in the TCA group demonstrated two‐step DR progression. In the majority of these patients, DR progression was from mild to moderate non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Conclusion and RelevanceIn this study, BVB and TCA groups had a similar, and lower rate of DR progression compared to previous studies where no adjunctive treatment was administered, suggesting that patients with DME may benefit from either intraoperative intravitreous BVB or TCA injection to reduce the risk of DR progression following cataract surgery.