bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure Injuries of the Nose and Columella in Preterm Neonates Receiving Noninvasive Ventilation via a Specialized Nasal Cannula
Authors: Boyar Vita 
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE:
The aims of this study were to measure the incidence and severity of nasal septum injury in premature infants receiving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via a noninvasive thin-walled cannula, and to evaluate the effect of a polyvinyl chloride foam barrier dressing in reducing these injuries.

DESIGN:
Retrospective chart review, comparison cohort study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The sample comprised 235 neonates with a gestational age of 28 weeks or younger. Their mean gestational age was 26 weeks (range 22-28 weeks) and mean birth weight was 840 g (range 430-1320 g). The study setting was a level 4, regional neonatal intensive care unit housed in a 200-bed freestanding children's hospital located in the Northeastern United States.

METHODS:
Data were collected during 3 periods. During all 3 data collection periods, we used a soft, thin-walled nasal cannula, with a relatively short, binasal prong interphase and small diameter tubing connected to a ventilator circuit capable of transmitting positive airway pressure in neonates. During data collection periods 1 and 3, we used a polyvinyl foam barrier dressing as a preventive intervention against nasal skin damage; specifically, we placed a precut barrier on the prongs to protect the nasal skin. One side of the barrier foam has an adhesive surface, which was placed against the prongs. Study period 2 differed; during this period neonates were treated with the nasal cannula without the foam barrier based on manufacturer experience suggesting the foam barrier is not needed for prevention of skin damage. Pressure injuries (PIs) that occurred during each study period were staged according to National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel definitions.

RESULTS:
Eighty neonates were evaluated during study period 1 (thin-walled nasal cannula plus foam barrier). We evaluated 27 neonates during period 2 (thin-walled nasal cannula and no foam barrier) and 128 were evaluated during study period 3 (thin-walled nasal cannula plus foam barrier). Six neonates (7%) developed PIs during period 1, and 2 (1.5%) developed during study period 3. All were stage 1 and 2 PIs, no full-thickness injuries, also referred to as columella necrosis developed during use of the thin-walled nasal cannula in combination with the foam barrier dressings. In contrast, 13 PIs (48%) of neonates managed during data collection period 2 (thin-walled nasal cannula with no foam barrier) developed PI, and 40% experienced stage 3 PI or columella necrosis. This difference reflects a 6-fold increase in nasal injury occurred when nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) was administered without use of the protective barrier dressing.

CONCLUSION:
We found clinically relevant difference in the occurrences of nasal PI in neonates managed with NCPAP; occurrences of stage 3 PI were 6-fold higher when a thin-walled cannula was used without a protective foam barrier dressing.
Emergence of Visual Center-Periphery Spatial Organization in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Mohsenzadeh Yalda , Mullin Caitlin , Lahner Benjamin , Oliva Aude 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResearch at the intersection of computer vision and neuroscience has revealed hierarchical correspondence between layers of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) and cascade of regions along human ventral visual cortex. Recently, studies have uncovered emergence of human interpretable concepts within DCNNs layers trained to identify visual objects and scenes. Here, we asked whether an artificial neural network (with convolutional structure) trained for visual categorization would demonstrate spatial correspondences with human brain regions showing central/peripheral biases. Using representational similarity analysis, we compared activations of convolutional layers of a DCNN trained for object and scene categorization with neural representations in human brain visual regions. Results reveal a brain-like topographical organization in the layers of the DCNN, such that activations of layer-units with central-bias were associated with brain regions with foveal tendencies (e.g. fusiform gyrus), and activations of layer-units with selectivity for image backgrounds were associated with cortical regions showing peripheral preference (e.g. parahippocampal cortex). The emergence of a categorical topographical correspondence between DCNNs and brain regions suggests these models are a good approximation of the perceptual representation generated by biological neural networks.
Interpreting Deep Neural Networks Beyond Attribution Methods: Quantifying Global Importance of Genomic Features
Authors: Koo Peter K. , Ploenzke Matt 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite deep neural networks (DNNs) having found great success at improving performance on various prediction tasks in computational genomics, it remains difficult to understand why they make any given prediction. In genomics, the main approaches to interpret a high-performing DNN are to visualize learned representations via weight visualizations and attribution methods. While these methods can be informative, each has strong limitations. For instance, attribution methods only uncover the independent contribution of single nucleotide variants in a given sequence. Here we discuss and argue for global importance analysis which can quantify population-level importance of putative features and their interactions learned by a DNN. We highlight recent work that has benefited from this interpretability approach and then discuss connections between global importance analysis and causality.
Mining Pathway Associations from Networks of Mutual Exclusivity Interactions
Authors: Liany Herty , Lin Yu , Jeyasekharan Anand , Rajan Vaibhav 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStudy of pairwise genetic interactions such as mutual exclusivity or synthetic lethality has led to the development of targeted anticancer therapies, and mining the network of such interactions is a common approach used to obtain deeper insights into the mechanism of cancer. A number of useful graph clustering-based tools exist to mine interaction networks. These tools find subgraphs or groups of genes wherein each gene belongs to a single subgraph. However, a gene may be present in multiple groups – for instance, a gene can be involved in multiple signalling pathways. We develop a new network mining algorithm, that does not impose this constraint and can provide a novel pathway-centric view. Our approach is based on finding edge-disjoint bipartite subgraphs of highest weights in an input network of genes, where edge weights indicate the significance of the interaction and each set of nodes in every bipartite subgraph is constrained to belong to a single pathway. This problem is NP-hard and we develop an Integer Linear Program to solve this problem. We evaluate our algorithm on breast and stomach cancer data. Our algorithm mines dense between-pathway interactions that are known to play important roles in cancer and are therapeutically actionable. Our algorithm complements existing network mining tools and can be useful to study the mutational landscape of cancer and inform therapy development.
Evaluation of whole genome amplification and bioinformatic methods for the characterization ofLeishmaniagenomes at a single cell level
Authors: Imamura Hideo , Jara Marlene , Monsieurs Pieter , Sanders Mandy , Maes Ilse , Vanaerschot Manu , Berriman Matthew , Cotton James A. , Dujardin Jean-Claude , Domagalska Malgorzata A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHere, we report a pilot study paving the way for further single cell genomics studies inLeishmania. First, the performances of two commercially available kits for Whole Genome Amplification (WGA), PicoPlex and RepliG was compared on small amounts ofLeishmania donovaniDNA, testing their ability to preserve specific genetic variations, including aneuploidy levels and SNPs. We show here that the choice of WGA method should be determined by the planned downstream genetic analysis, Picoplex and RepliG performing better for aneuploidy and SNP calling, respectively. This comparison allowed us to evaluate and optimize corresponding bio-informatic methods. As PicoPlex was shown to be the preferred method for studying single cell aneuploidy, this method was applied in a second step, on single cells ofL. braziliensis, which were sorted by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Even sequencing depth was achieved in 28 single cells, allowing accurate somy estimation. A dominant karyotype with three aneuploid chromosomes was observed in 25 cells, while two different minor karyotypes were observed in the other cells. Our method thus allowed the detection of aneuploidy mosaicism, and provides a solid basis which can be further refined to concur with higher-throughput single cell genomic methods.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumenal indicators inDrosophilareveal effects of HSP-related mutations on ER calcium dynamics
Authors: Oliva Megan K , Perez-Moreno Juan José , O’Shaughnessy Jillian , Wardill Trevor J , O’Kane Cahir J 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGenes for ER-shaping proteins are among the most commonly mutated in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP). Mutation of these genes in model organisms can lead to disruption of the ER network. To investigate how the physiological roles of the ER might be affected by such disruption, we developed tools to interrogate its Ca2+signaling function. We generated GAL4-driven Ca2+sensors targeted to the ER lumen, to record ER Ca2+fluxes in identifiedDrosophilaneurons. UsingGAL4lines specific for Type Ib or Type Is larval motor neurons, we compared the responses of different lumenal indicators to electrical stimulation, in axons and presynaptic terminals. The most effective sensor, ER-GCaMP6-210, had a Ca2+affinity close to the expected ER lumenal concentration. Repetitive nerve stimulation generally showed a transient increase of lumenal Ca2+in both the axon and presynaptic terminals. Mutants lacking neuronal reticulon and REEP proteins, homologs of human HSP proteins, showed a larger ER lumenal evoked response compared to wild type; we propose mechanisms by which this phenotype could lead to neuronal dysfunction or degeneration. Our lines are useful additions to aDrosophilaCa2+imaging toolkit, to explore the physiological roles of ER, and its pathophysiological roles in HSP and in axon degeneration more broadly.
ASCL1 regulates neurodevelopmental transcription factors and cell cycle genes in glioblastoma
Authors: Vue Tou Yia , Kollipara Rahul K. , Borromeo Mark D. , Smith Tyler , Mashimo Tomoyuki , Burns Dennis K. , Bachoo Robert M. , Johnson Jane E. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTGlioblastomas (GBMs) are incurable brain tumors with a high degree of cellular heterogeneity and genetic mutations. Transcription factors that normally regulate neural progenitors and glial development are aberrantly co-expressed in GBM, conferring cancer stem-like properties to drive tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. However, the functional role of individual transcription factors in GBMsin vivoremains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor ASCL1 regulates transcriptional targets that are central to GBM development, including neural stem cell and glial transcription factors, oncogenic signaling molecules, chromatin modifying genes, and cell cycle and mitotic genes. We also show that the loss of ASCL1 significantly reduces the proliferation of GBMs induced in the brain of a genetically relevant glioma mouse model, resulting in extended survival times. RNA-seq analysis of mouse GBM tumors reveal that the loss of ASCL1 is associated with downregulation of cell cycle genes, illustrating an important role for ASCL1 in controlling the proliferation of GBM.TABLE OF CONTENTSMain PointsASCL1 is co-expressed with neural stem cell/glial transcription factors in GBMASCL1 binds to genes that are important for cell proliferation and cancer in the brain.Loss of ASCL1 downregulates cell cycle genes and increase survival of glioma mouse model.Table of Content Image
Low Cost Metabolic Fuel Sensor for On-Demand Personal Health and Fitness Tracking
Authors: Candell L. M. , Hoyt R. W. , Mahan J. M. , Siegel A. M. , Standley R. M. , Thompson K. J. , Shaw G. A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetabolic health in the general population has declined significantly in just one to two generations despite increased emphasis on dieting and exercise. A challenge in prescribing a healthy diet and exercise regimen is the variability individuals exhibit in response to particular foods, calorie restricted diets and exercise regimens. This paper describes a prototype metabolic fuel sensor designed for ease of use and personal tracking of metabolic energy expenditure and fuel substrate utilization. Examples of the sensor measurements and potential applications to weight management and tracking of chronically high blood glucose are described.
Resistance to decitabine and 5-azacytidine emerges from adaptive responses of the pyrimidine metabolism network
Authors: Gu Xiaorong , Tohme Rita , Tomlinson Benjamin , Hasipek Metis , Durkin Lisa , Schuerger Caroline , Zidan Asmaa M. , Radivoyevitch Tomas , Hong Changjin , Carraway Hetty , Hamilton Betty , Sobecks Ronald , Jha Babal K. , Hsi Eric D. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw , Saunthararajah Yogen 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTMechanisms-of-resistance to decitabine and 5-azacytidine, mainstay treatments for myeloid malignancies, require investigation and countermeasures. Both are nucleoside analog pro-drugs processed by pyrimidine metabolism into a nucleotide analog that depletes the key epigenetic regulator DNA methyltranseferase 1 (DNMT1). We report here that DNMT1 protein, although substantially depleted (~50%) in patients’ bone marrows at response, rebounded at relapse, and explaining this, we found pyrimidine metabolism gene expression shifts averse to the processing of each pro-drug. The same metabolic shifts observed clinically were rapidly recapitulated in leukemia cells exposed to the pro-drugs in vitro. Pyrimidine metabolism is a network that senses and preserves nucleotide balances: Decitabine, a deoxycytidine analog, and 5-azacytidine, a cytidine analog, caused acute and distinct nucleotide imbalances, by off-target inhibition of thymidylate synthase and ribonucleotide reductase respectively. Resulting expression changes in key pyrimidine metabolism enzymes peaked 72-96 hours later. Continuous pro-drug exposure stabilized metabolic shifts generated acutely, preventing DNMT1-depletion and permitting exponential leukemia out-growth as soon as day 40. Although dampening to activity of the pro-drug initially applied, adaptive metabolic responses primed for activity of the other. Hence, in xenotransplant models of chemorefractory AML, alternating decitabine with 5-azacytidine, timed to exploit compensating metabolic shifts, and addition of an inhibitor of a catabolic enzyme induced by decitabine/5-azacytidine, extended DNMT1-depletion and time-to-distress by several months versus either pro-drug alone. In sum, resistance to decitabine and 5-azacytidine emerges from adaptive responses of the pyrimidine metabolism network; these responses can be anticipated and thus exploited.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Renewable energy market SMEs: antecedents of internationalization
Authors: Asemokha Agnes , Ahi Ali , Torkkeli Lasse , Saarenketo Sami 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide a foundational understanding of the internationalization of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in the context of renewable energy markets. The focus is on exploring and identifying the managerial-, firm- and environmental-level antecedents to their international expansion, which also furthers the understanding of the distinct SME’s internationalization context within the renewable energy market.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a qualitative multiple case study approach in a Finnish SME context and identifies the antecedents’ relative prominence at the managerial, firm and environmental levels.FindingsThe findings indicate that, although internationalization antecedents of renewable energy SMEs differ owing to market forces such as trends, networks and changing regulatory policies, they share antecedents similar to those of SMEs in other industries.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this study is its single-country home market empirical context. Future studies should expand analysis to different regulatory and regional environments.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, there are few studies that explore the antecedents of SMEs’ internationalization, especially in the renewable energy market context. Hence, this study contributes to the international business and entrepreneurship literature by illustrating the fundamental managerial-, firm- and environmental-level antecedents to the internationalization of SMEs operating in the renewable energy business. In addition, it highlights the peculiarities of renewable energy SMEs’ internationalization, suggesting that extant research on SMEs’ internationalization has not adequately captured the intricacies present in the internationalization of renewable energy enterprises.
Corporate responses to modern slavery risks: an institutional theory perspective
Authors: Flynn Anthony , Walker Helen 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Drawing on statements made under the transparency in supply chains provision of the UK Modern Slavery Act, this paper aims to examine how firms are responding to modern slavery risks in their supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach
Using an institutional theory lens, a content analysis of modern slavery statements by financial times stock exchange (FTSE) firms is carried out. The analysis focusses on sources of modern slavery institutional pressure and changes that firms have made in their structures, policies and practices in response to modern slavery risks.

Findings
Three sources of institutional pressure are inferred from modern slavery statements: international human rights accords (coercive), multi-stakeholder initiatives (mimetic) and professional standards (normative). Changes made by firms in direct response to modern slavery include adopting new policies, strengthening contract terms, establishing working/steering groups and creating new key performance indicators. FTSE 100 firms have been more proactive than FTSE 250 firms in making these changes, as have firms in higher risk industries.

Research limitations/implications
The analysis covers FTSE firms only. Responses to modern slavery risks by non-FTSE firms deserve attention.

Practical implications
The UK Modern Slavery Act relies on non-government organisations and consumers to hold firms to account over modern slavery. Policymakers should be aware that while this strategy might work with high profile firms, it is less applicable to firms that operate below the public radar.

Originality/value
The paper shows that institutional theory has validity for explaining corporate responses to modern slavery risks.
Don’t play the odds, play the man
Authors: Issac Abraham Cyril , Baral Rupashree , Bednall Timothy Colin 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe nature of knowledge and the way it is assimilated do play a vital role in influencing knowledge sharing tendencies. These specific factors coupled with the ineffectiveness of the intrinsic knowledge management system point towards an inherent knowledge hiding tendency that exists within every organization. Knowledge hiding is established as an intentional attempt to hide knowledge when it is requested. In the recent past, scholars have investigated the factors causing hiding of the task-related knowledge. However, there is still no clear understanding of the strategic factors that lead to knowledge hiding in organizations and which of these factors are the most critical ones. The purpose of this paper is to identify the most critical strategic factors that cause knowledge hiding in different contexts.Design/methodology/approachThis research study tries to identify these factors from the literature, corroborate it with industry experts and model the same with the aid of total interpretive structural modelling. This is followed by Matrice d'Impacts Croises Multiplication Appliquée a un Classement and sensitivity analysis, which determines the unique driving factors and their powers, which vary based on industry sectors and years of work experience.FindingsThis study found out that knowledge hiding behaviour is more pronounced in the initial years of an individual within the organization and similarly in the final years of an individual within the organization. In a period in between both these, there are no critical driving factors that infuse knowledge hiding.Originality/valueThis is one of the first comprehensive research studies that unravel the dynamic nature of the strategic factors engendering knowledge hiding across two different dimensions, namely, industry sectors and work-experience of individuals. This study categorically aims to aid the management in bringing out necessary interventions to curb the menace of knowledge hiding.
Fuzzy combinatorial optimization in four-dimensional tradeoff problem of cost-time-quality-risk in one dimension and in the second dimension of risk context in ambiguous mode
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Farhad , Paryzad Behzad , Pour Nasser Shahsavari , Najafi Esmaeil 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The optimization and tradeoff of cost-time-quality-risk in one dimension and this four-dimensional problem in ambiguous mode and risk can be neither predicted nor estimated. This study aims to solve this problem and rank fuzzy numbers using an innovative algorithm “STHD” and a special technique “radius of gyration” (ROG) for fuzzy answers, respectively.

Design/methodology/approach
First, it is the optimization of a fully fuzzy four-dimensional problem which has never been dealt with in regard to risk in ambiguous mode and complexities. Therefore, the risk is a parameter which has been examined neither in probability and estimableness mode nor in the ambiguous mode so far. Second, it is a fully fuzzy tradeoff which, based on the principle of incompatibility “Zadeh, 1973”, proposes that when the complexity of a system surpasses the limited point, it becomes impossible to define the performance of that system accurately, precisely and meaningfully. The authors believe that this principle is the source of fuzzy logic. Third, for calculating and ranking fuzzy numbers of answers, a special technique for fuzzy numbers has been used. Fourth, For the sake of ease, precision and efficiency, an innovative algorithm called the technique of hunting dolphins “STHD” has been used. Finally, the problem is very close to reality. By applying risk in ambiguous mode, the problem has been realistically looked at.

Findings
The results showed that the algorithm was highly robust, with its performance depending very little on the regulation of the parameters. Ranking fuzzy numbers using the ROG indicated the flexibility of fuzzy logic, and it was also determined that the most appropriate regulations were to ensure low time, risk and cost but maximum quality in calculations, which were produced non-uniformly based on the levels of Pareto answers.

Originality/value
The ROG and Chanas Fuzzy Critical Path Method as developed by other researchers have been used. Despite the increase in limitations, parameters can develop. The originality of this study with regard to evaluating the results of tradeoff combinatorial optimization is upon decision-making which has a special and highly strategic role in the fate of the project, with the research been conducted with a special approach and different tools in a fully fuzzy environment.