bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low rate of life‐threatening events and limitations in predicting invasive and noninvasive markers of symptoms in a cohort of type 1 Brugada syndrome patients: Data and insights from the GenBra registry
Authors: Sacilotto Luciana , Scanavacca Mauricio I. , Olivetti Natália , Lemes Carolina , Pessente Gabrielle D. , Wulkan Fanny , Hachul Denise T. , Krieger Jose E. , Pereira Alexandre C. , Darrieux Francisco C. C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBrugada syndrome (BrS) has diagnostic challenges and controversial risk assessment. We aimed to investigate invasive and noninvasive parameters in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients from a Brazilian cohort of type‐1 BrS.MethodsPatients with spontaneous and drug‐induced type‐1 BrS were classified into two groups, asymptomatic (n = 116, 84.1%) and symptomatic (n = 22, 15.9%; 13 with arrhythmogenic syncope, 9 with aborted sudden cardiac death). Genetic testing, EPS parameters, and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters were analyzed.ResultsA total of 138 consecutive patients were eligible, 101 men (73.2%), mean 41.4 years, mostly probands (79%). Spontaneous pattern, observed in 77.5% of the patients, was associated with symptoms only if expressed in V1 and V2 standard position (not high precordial leads; p = .014). All symptomatic patients were probands. The presence of right ventricular outflow tract conduction delay (RVOTcd) signs, positive EPS, and SCN5A status was similar between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. During the mean 75‐month follow‐up, eight patients had appropriate therapies. All had spontaneous type‐1 ECG pattern and 2/8 (25%) were asymptomatic, with positive EPS. The overall LAE incidence of 1.1% per year dropped to 0.27% in asymptomatic patients. RVOTcd occurred more frequently in SCN5A carriers (QRS‐f 33.3% vs. 7.7%; p = .005, AVR sign 58.3% vs. 13.6%; p < .001; deep S in lead I 75% vs. 48.5%, p = .025%), as well as longer HV interval (66 vs. 49 ms; p < .001).ConclusionsSpontaneous type‐1 Brugada pattern in standard leads and proband status were more frequent in symptomatic subjects. RVOTcd, more common in SCN5A carriers, did not predict symptoms in BrS patients. EPS exhibited limited prognostic value for this low‐risk population.
microRNA‐148a‐3p in extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells suppresses SMURF1 to prevent osteonecrosis of femoral head
Authors: Huang Shengxiang , Li Yaochun , Wu Panfeng , Xiao Yongbing , Duan Ningbo , Quan Jing , Du Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicle (EV)‐associated microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found as the important biomarkers participating in the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Consequently, this study sought to examine the underlying mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)‐derived EVs containing miR‐148a‐3p in ONFH. The ONFH rat models were established. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blot analysis were applied to detect miR‐148a‐3p, Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1), SMAD7 and B‐cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) expression, followed by determination of relationship between miR‐148a‐3p and SMURF1. BMSCs were isolated from normal rats and ONFH rats, and EVs were extracted from BMSCs of normal rats. BMSCs from ONFH rats were treated with mimic, inhibitor, small interfering RNA or EVs from miR‐148a‐3p mimic‐treated BMSCs from normal rats (BMSC‐EV‐miR‐148a‐3p mimic). Cell Counting Kit‐8 and alizarin red staining were utilized to detect cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. ONFH rats were injected with BMSC‐EV‐miR‐148a‐3p mimic to explore the function of BMSC‐EV‐delivered miR‐148a‐3p in vivo. miR‐148a‐3p was down‐regulated in BMSCs and EVs from ONFH rats following decreased BMSCs viability and osteogenic differentiation. SMURF1 was a target gene of miR‐148a‐3p, and resulted in ubiquitination and degradation of SMAD7 to decreased BCL2 expression. The proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs were promoted by BMSC‐EV‐miR‐148a‐3p mimic or SMURF1 silencing. Additionally, BMSC‐EV‐miR‐148a‐3p mimic increased cell proliferation and osteogenic response, diminished SMURF1 expression, and elevated SMAD7 and BCL2 expression in ONFH rats. Collectively, miR‐148a‐3p overexpressed in BMSC‐EVs promoted SMAD7 and BCL2 expression by inhibiting SMURF1, thus alleviating ONFH.
Identification of purity and prognosis‐related gene signature by network analysis and survival analysis in brain lower grade glioma
Authors: Xiong Zujian , Xiong Yi , Liu Hongwei , Li Chang , Li Xuejun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTumour microenvironment of brain lower grade glioma (LGG) consists of non‐tumour cells including stromal cells and immune cells mainly. These non‐tumour cells dilute the purity of LGG and play pivotal roles in tumour growth and development, thereby affecting patient prognosis. Tumour purity is also associated with molecular subtypes of LGG. In this study, we discovered the most relevant module to purity by weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) and afterwards performed consensus network analysis and survival analysis to filter 61 significant genes related to both purity and prognosis. In turn, we built a simplified model based on the calculation of purity score, and consensus measurement of purity estimation (CPE), with a satisfactory predictive performance by random forest regression. HLA‐E, MSN, GNG‐5, MYL12A, ITGB4, PDPN, AGTRAP, S100A4, PLSCR1, VAMP5 were selected as the most relevant genes correlating to both purity and prognosis. The risk score model based on the 10 genes could moderately predict patients’ overall survival. These 10 genes, respectively, were positively correlated positively to immunosuppressive cells like macrophage M2, but negatively correlated to patient prognosis, which may explain partially the poor prognosis with low‐purity group.
Cutaneous sensitivity modulation by Aquaphilus dolomiae extract‐G3 on in vitro models of neuro‐inflammation
Authors: Lestienne F. , Viodé C. , Ceruti I. , Carrere S. , Bessou‐Touya S. , Duplan H. , Castex‐Rizzi N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis (AD), associated pruritus and sensitive skin, have a complex multifactorial pathogenesis including neurogenic inflammation involving the release in blood and skin of neurotransmitters such as substance P (SP).Aims and MethodsIn vitro models evaluated the effect of the original biological extract of Aquaphilus dolomiae extract‐G3 (ADE‐G3) on cutaneous neurogenic inflammation.ResultsADE‐G3 significantly inhibited SP‐stimulated release of IL‐1β and TNF‐α from normal human epidermal keratinocytes; significantly and dose‐dependently inhibited SP‐stimulated activation of human mast cells; significantly inhibited veratridine‐stimulated release of SP from human sensory neurons; modulated expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis, innate immunity, corneocyte scaffolding and epidermal differentiation in a histamine‐sensitized reconstructed human epidermis model; and, when applied topically to ex vivo human explants, inhibited IL‐8 and histamine release.ConclusionsTopically applied ADE‐G3, once formulated, may improve neuro‐inflammation in patients with inflammatory skin disorders.
A moisture content prediction model for deep bed peanut drying using support vector regression
Authors: Qu Chenling , Wang Ziwei , Jin Xiaobo , Wang Xueke , Wang Dianxuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn order to make the moisture content monitoring more convenient and rapid during peanut drying process, the drying characteristics of peanut were investigated and a real‐time SVR moisture content monitoring model was established in this paper. The results showed that hot air temperature, initial moisture content, airflow rate and the layer height were the key factors on peanut drying, and the peanut variety showed little effect on drying. The SVR model exhibited a good performance withR2: 0.91, RMSE: 4.38, and bias: −7.5e‐3. Compared with the results of linear regression models and multilayer perceptron model, SVR model showed a better performance. In addition, the SVR model was validated by the drying data of other three varieties of peanuts. And the relative errors between the predicted values by SVR model and the measured values were within 20%, which suggested that SVR was a promising modeling algorithm for peanut drying.Practical applicationPeanut drying is essential for peanut production due to its high moisture content at harvest (about 30–50% on the wet basis), which makes it susceptible to mildew, or even produces aflatoxins. Peanut has a special physiological structure. In the drying process, the peanut kernels are gradually shrunk, which makes the air layer volume between the shell and the kernel gradually increases, thus hindering mass and heat transfer and leading to its different drying characteristics from other grain and oil crops. Furthermore, it is necessary to monitor the moisture content changes of peanut during deep bed drying to ensure the drying uniformity and prevent energy waste. Therefore, the drying characteristics of peanuts were studied and a moisture content prediction model for deep bed drying was established to assist the actual drying process.
How does muscularity assessed by bedside methods compare to computed tomography muscle area at intensive care unit admission? A pilot prospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lambell K. J. , Earthman C. P. , Tierney A. C. , Goh G. S. , Forsyth A. , King S. J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLow muscularity and malnutrition at intensive care unit (ICU) admission have been associated with negative clinical outcomes. There are limited data available evaluating the validity of bedside techniques to measure muscle mass in critically ill adults. We aimed to compare bedside methods for muscle mass assessment [bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), arm anthropometry and subjective physical assessment] against reference technology [computed tomography (CT)] at ICU admission.MethodsAdults who had CT scanning at the third lumbar area <72 h after ICU admission were prospectively recruited. Bedside methods were performed within 48 h of the CT scan. Pearson’s correlation compared CT muscle area with BIS‐derived fat‐free mass (FFM) (kg) and FFM‐Chamney (kg) (adjusted for overhydration), mid‐upper arm circumference (cm) and mid‐arm muscle circumference (cm). Depleted muscle stores were determined using published thresholds for each method. Cohen’s kappa (κ) was used to evaluate the agreement between bedside and CT assessment of muscularity status (normal or low).ResultsFifty participants were enrolled. There were strong correlations between CT muscle area and FFM values and mid‐arm muscle circumference (P < 0.001). Using FFM‐Chamney, all six (100%) participants with low CT muscle area were detected (κ = 0.723). FFM‐BIS, arm anthropometry and subjective physical assessment methods detected 28%–38% of participants with low CT muscle area.ConclusionsBIS‐derived FFM using an adjustment algorithm for overhydration was correlated with CT muscle area and had good agreement with muscularity status assessed by CT image analysis. Arm anthropometry and subjective physical assessment techniques were not able to reliably detect participants with low CT muscle area.
Cholinergic transmission in C. elegans: Functions, diversity, and maturation of ACh‐activated ion channels
Authors: Treinin Millet , Jin Yishi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcetylcholine is an abundant neurotransmitter in all animals. Effects of acetylcholine are excitatory, inhibitory, or modulatory depending on the receptor and cell type. Research using the nematode C. elegans has made ground‐breaking contributions to the mechanistic understanding of cholinergic transmission. Powerful genetic screens for behavioral mutants or for responses to pharmacological reagents identified the core cellular machinery for synaptic transmission. Pharmacological reagents that perturb acetylcholine‐mediated processes led to the discovery and also uncovered the composition and regulators of acetylcholine‐activated channels and receptors. From a combination of electrophysiological and molecular cellular studies, we have gained a profound understanding of cholinergic signaling at the levels of synapses, neural circuits, and animal behaviors. This review will begin with a historical overview, then cover in‐depth current knowledge on acetylcholine‐activated ionotropic receptors, mechanisms regulating their functional expression and their functions in regulating locomotion.
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Incidence and mortality rates of Guillain‐Barré syndrome in Serbia
Authors: Stojanov Aleksandar , Berisavac Ivana , Bozovic Ivo , Arsenijevic Mirjana , Lukic‐Rajic Sonja , Petrovic Milutin , Stojiljkovic‐Tamas Olivera , Jovin Zita , Djordjevic Gordana , Jovanovic Dejana , Stojanovic Miroslav , Martic Vesna , Basta Ivana , Peric Stojan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGuillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute auto‐immune polyradiculoneuropathy. A huge variety of GBS incidence and mortality rates has been noted across the world. The objective of the present multi‐centric study was to assess the incidence and mortality rates of GBS during a 10‐year period in Serbia. We collected data of adult GBS patients who were hospitalized from 2009 to 2018 in all five tertiary healthcare centers in Serbia. The incidence rates per 100 000 inhabitants with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and further corrected for the estimated number of patients hospitalized in secondary centers. Mortality rates were also assessed. GBS was considered severe if patients were not able to walk at least 10 m without assistance. Six hundred and forty GBS patients were registered in tertiary centers in a 10‐year period. The proportion of severe cases was 75% at nadir, and 52% on discharge. GBS incidence rate in Serbia was 1.1 per 100 000 inhabitants, and estimated incidence if patients from secondary centers included 1.2 per 100 000. Peak incidence was observed during the sixth decade of life. During the acute phase, 5.6% of GBS patients died, while overall 9.7% of them died during 6‐month period from disease onset. This study contributes to our knowledge about GBS epidemiology. Results will allow us to improve the diagnosis and treatment of GBS patients in Serbia.
Involvement of patients with chronic kidney disease in research: A case study
Authors: Finderup Jeanette , Crowley Aidan , Søndergaard Henning , Lomborg Kirsten 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge about best practices of patient involvement in research among patients with chronic kidney disease is sparse, with little information about barriers to and facilitators of this process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the process and outcomes of patient involvement in a particular chronic kidney disease research project.ObjectivesTo describe how patients with chronic kidney disease were involved in the research; to explain what occurred when patients with chronic kidney disease were involved; to identify facilitators of and barriers to patient involvement in research.ParticipantsTwo patients with chronic kidney disease who have both been involved in a previous research project.MeasurementsA retrospective embedded case study of patient involvement in research with the shared decision‐making and dialysis choice project inspired by Yin (2012, Case Study Methods), using document analysis and semistructured individual interviews. Data were analysed with specific research questions in mind.ResultsTwo patients participated in four research meetings covering all substudies of a research project and all six phases of the research process. Eight facilitators and barriers were identified.ConclusionsPatients with chronic kidney disease were involved in all the six phases of the research process but were more highly involved in some phases than others. Important facilitators of patient involvement in chronic kidney disease research include working as a team, being a part of the process, and being prepared for the work. Important barriers to patient involvement include patient vulnerability and uremic symptoms, both of which must be taken into account.
Real‐world safety and effectiveness of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 in Japan
Authors: Mizokami Masashi , Liu Lauren J. , Fujiyama Naoto , Littman Marcus , Yuan Jason , Sekiya Tomoko , Hedskog Charlotte , Ng Leslie J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) tend to be older and/or have advanced liver disease in Japan, real‐world data are needed to evaluate safe and effective treatment options. The study aim was to assess safety and effectiveness of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) in a real‐world cohort of Japanese patients with HCV genotype (GT) 1 infection overall and by patient subgroups: elderly, compensated cirrhotic, advanced fibrotic and those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A large prospective observational study was conducted, enrolling adult patients treated for HCV GT1 infection with LDV/SOF at clinical sites across Japan. Patients were observed for safety outcomes during and 4 weeks after treatment, and for sustained virologic response at 12‐weeks post‐treatment (SVR12). Incidence rates (IRs) of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and serious ADRs (SADRs) and SVR12 rates were assessed overall and by subgroups. ADR and SADR IRs were low (2.26 and 0.17 per 100 person‐months, respectively) and did not significantly differ in elderly patients or those with presence of compensated cirrhosis, worsening fibrosis or HCC. SVR12 rates were high overall (98.5%) and across subgroups investigated (≥94%), including patients who were elderly (98.2%), treatment‐experienced (97.6%), advanced fibrotic (≥95.8%), had existing NS5A resistance‐associated substitutions reported pre‐treatment (95.0%), compensated cirrhosis (95.7%), HCC (94.0%) and other chronic liver diseases (96.1%). In this large, real‐world observational study of Japanese patients with HCV GT1 infection, LDV/SOF treatment resulted in low incidence of adverse events, with high real‐world effectiveness, even among patients with potentially higher risks of adverse safety outcomes and treatment failure.
Sooner, closer, or longer: detectability of mesocarnivores at camera traps
Authors: Tourani M. , Brøste E. N. , Bakken S. , Odden J. , Bischof R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCamera trapping, paired with analytical methods for estimating species occurrence, population size or density, can yield information with direct consequences for wildlife management and conservation. Detectability, the ability to detect a species or individual if it is present, affects the reliability and efficiency of camera trap surveys and, in turn, varies across species, space and time. Greater detectability means greater sample size, and a common approach to boost detectability of wildlife by camera traps involves the application of olfactory lures. Using a camera trap study on sympatric mesocarnivores (European badger Meles meles, red fox Vulpes vulpes, pine marten Martes martes and domestic cat Felis catus), we quantified three elements of detectability: (1) the time until first detection (‘sooner’, conditional on being present), (2) the proximity to a focal point in front of the camera (‘closer’, conditional on being detected) and (3) the duration of exposure to the camera (‘longer’, conditional on being detected). A hierarchical analytical approach and a quasi‐experimental setup allowed us to test for and quantify the species‐specific effect of olfactory lures on these aspects of detectability. Depending on species, average median time to first detection ranged from 4 to 28 days, distance to the focal point from 0.3 to 0.8 body lengths, and median time to departure from 2 to 6 seconds. Credible intervals overlapped substantially between most species in all three measures, and variation between observations was extensive. We detected effects of lures on time to first detection for cats (castoreum; American beaver Castor canadensis scent), distance to focal point for badgers (striped skunk Mephitis mephitis scent) and martens (castoreum, fox and skunk scents), and the duration of exposure for foxes (fox and skunk scents). We discuss how a multifaceted perspective on detectability in camera trap studies, linked with species biology, can give investigators a more structured approach to selecting and testing measures intended to boost detection probability.
Morphological and functional variation between isolated populations of British red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris)
Authors: Cox P. G. , Morris P. J. R. , Hennekam J. J. , Kitchener A. C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIsolation due to habitat fragmentation can lead to morphological and functional variation between populations, with the effect being well documented in rodents. Here, we investigated whether such morphological variation could be identified between British populations of the Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris). This species was once widespread across Great Britain, but suffered a severe population decline across the 20th century, leaving a highly fragmented distribution. The aim was to test for morphological and biomechanical variation of the mandible between the remaining British red squirrel populations, and between British and continental European red squirrels. Linear and geometric morphometric methods were used to analyse shape in a sample of over 250 red squirrel hemi‐mandibles from across Britain plus a sample from Germany representing the central European subspecies. Procrustes ANOVA identified significant shape variation between populations, with particularly distinct differences being noted between red squirrels from Germany and several British red squirrel populations, which may reflect their evolutionary history. Linear biomechanical measurements showed that the red squirrels from Formby and Jersey had a significantly lower mechanical advantage of the temporalis muscle than other British populations, suggesting they were less efficient at gnawing. This functional difference may be related to many factors, such as founder effect, potential inbreeding and/or past supplemental feeding with less mechanically resistant food items.