bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of the Pericranial Flap and Its Local Effects Following Endoscopic Craniofacial Resection
Authors: Xu Xinni , Lwin Sein , Ting Eric , Ong Yew Kwang 
Published: June 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of the pericranial flap, changes in the pericranial flap thickness over time, presence of frontal sinus opacification, and presence of frontal lobe herniation into the nasal cavity.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsSeventeen consecutive endoscopic craniofacial resections with pericranial flap reconstruction performed at a tertiary hospital from 2010 to 2019 were reviewed. Sixty‐eight serial MRI scans were evaluated.ResultsAll pericranial flaps consistently featured a homogenous appearance on T1‐weighted sequence and enhanced with contrast. On T2‐weighted sequence, the skull base reconstruction demonstrated four layers of alternating hypo‐ and hyperintensity, which corresponded with the inlay synthetic graft or neodura (hypointense), loose areolar tissue (hyperintense), fibrous pericranium (hypointense), and nasal mucosa or granulation tissue (hyperintense). The mean pericranial flap thickness was 9.9 mm. In thicker flaps, the loose areolar layer contributed the bulk of the thickness. Of 13 patients who underwent three or more serial MRI scans, 11 flaps (84.6%) were stable and two (15.4%) had >50% reduction in their original thickness over time. Thirteen of 17 (76.5%) patients had frontal sinus opacification on follow‐up. None developed frontal sinus mucoceles or frontal lobe herniation.ConclusionsThe pericranial flap has a distinctive MRI appearance, especially on T2‐weighted sequence. The thickness of the flap remains relatively stable over time for most patients even following radiotherapy. It is a sturdy flap that is able to support the frontal lobe. Frontal sinus obstruction is common, although complications from this appear to be rare.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E90–E97, 2021
Parkinson's Disease, NOTCH3 Genetic Variants, and White Matter Hyperintensities
Authors: Ramirez Joel , Dilliott Allison A. , Binns Malcolm A. , Breen David P. , Evans Emily C. , Beaton Derek , McLaughlin Paula M. , Kwan Donna , Holmes Melissa F. , Ozzoude Miracle , Scott Christopher J.M. , Strother Stephen C. , Symons Sean , Swartz Richard H. , Grimes David , Jog Mandar , Masellis Mario , Black Sandra E. , Joutel Anne , Marras Connie , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Hegele Robert A. , Lang Anthony E. ,   Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative Investigators
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) on magnetic resonance imaging may influence clinical presentation in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), although their significance and pathophysiological origins remain unresolved. Studies examining WMH have identified pathogenic variants in NOTCH3 as an underlying cause of inherited forms of cerebral small vessel disease.MethodsWe examined NOTCH3 variants, WMH volumes, and clinical correlates in 139 PD patients in the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative cohort.ResultsWe identified 13 PD patients (~9%) with rare (<1% of general population), nonsynonymous NOTCH3 variants. Bayesian linear modeling demonstrated a doubling of WMH between variant negative and positive patients (3.1 vs. 6.9 mL), with large effect sizes for periventricular WMH (d = 0.8) and lacunes (d = 1.2). Negative correlations were observed between WMH and global cognition (r = −0.2).ConclusionThe NOTCH3 rare variants in PD may significantly contribute to increased WMH burden, which in turn may negatively influence cognition. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Quality control and gap‐filling methods applied to hourly temperature observations over central Italy
Authors: Cerlini Paolina B. , Silvestri Lorenzo , Saraceni Miriam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGiven the regional surface network of the Umbria region, a mountainous area located in central Italy, the observed hourly temperature time series from 2010 to 2017 were analysed by applying basic and extended quality control procedures following World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards. The validation procedure consisted of automatic quality control, producing validated data with metadata subsequently recorded in the NetCDF format. After these controls, data were checked manually and an extended procedure was applied to reconstruct the temperature time series for missing data. The spatiotemporal method used to reconstruct the data was a linear interpolation for 1 hr gaps and the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) algorithm for gaps ≥ 2 hr. The introduction of a complete and homogeneous data set of hourly reanalysis ERA5 (from the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts—ECMWF) allowed for the reconstruction of the longest gaps with statistical and physical consistency. The final product of the study is a continuous station time series of hourly temperatures that will be available to the public by the end of 2020; a daily version of the original time series is already available on the regional website.
CHD7 missense variants and clinical characteristics of Chinese males with infertility
Authors: Li Leilei , Wang Ruixue , Yu Yang , Zhang Hongguo , Jiang Yuting , Yang Xiao , Liu Ruizhi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIsolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and Kallmann syndrome (KS) are rare genetic diseases that cause male infertility. The chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding protein 7 (CHD7) gene is commonly associated with KS and IHH. We speculated that CHD7 variants may be associated with male infertility.MethodsTwo hundred males with azoospermia and 120 with oligozoospermia were recruited. The patients underwent clinical examination and reproductive hormone testing. A panel of genes including CHD7 and others related to spermatogenic failure was sequenced by targeted‐gene exome sequencing.ResultsThree patients with severe oligozoospermia had CHD7 variants (a detection rate of 0.94% (3/320)). After prediction software analysis, two of the variants c.3464G>A (p.R1155H) and c.4516G>A (p.G1506S) were predicted to be likely pathogenic. Although predicted to be benign, the variants of c.2824A>G (p.T942A) located in the chromodomain 2 could not be excluded as disease causing. The patients with variants had small testicular volumes. In particular, the testes of the patient with a p.G1506S variant varied in size (left, 8 ml; right, 4.5 ml). Two patients (patients 31 and 120) had low E2 levels and two (patients 83 and 120) had low T levels. Ultimately, these variants were classified as “variants of unknown significant” that may be associated with male infertility.ConclusionsThere may be a relationship between the CHD7 gene missense variants and male infertility. These variants are easier to find in patients with azoospermia and severe oligospermia whose testosterone levels are decreased.
Design and performance analysis of a CPW‐fed circularly polarized implantable antenna for 2.45 GHz ISM band
Authors: Gupta Vipan Kumar , Thakur Deepali 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA CPW‐fed, circularly polarized (CP)antenna operating at 2.45 GHz ISM band is investigated for in‐body biotelemetry. Antenna has compact volume of 98mm3 (14 mm × 14 mm × 0.5 mm) and printed on RO 3010 substrate. By using inverted z‐shaped radiator with square ring‐shaped ground, wide impedance bandwidth of 450 MHz (2.25‐2.7 GHz).In addition, it also contributes to excite two orthogonal modes (TM01 and TM10) for CP generation and 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth of 170 MHz (2.39‐2.56 GHz)is achieved. Results are simulated in muscle tissue, three‐layer rectangular and cylindrical phantom tissues and measured in pork tissue. Proposed structure demonstrates robust performance in heterogeneous bio‐environment. High gain of −15.96 dB confirms good radiation characteristics, low SAR value of 0.494 W/Kg and radiation efficiency of 2.83% make antenna suitable for low power in‐body bio‐telemetry.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and young adults—Beyond 5‐year survival
Authors: Ben‐Ami Tal , Ash Shifra , Ben‐Harosh Miri , Gavriel Herzel , Weintraub Michael , Revel‐Vilk Shoshana , Ben‐Arush Myriam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare and locally aggressive form of childhood cancer. Treatment of NPC includes chemotherapy and radiotherapy. With current treatment protocols, survival rates for patients with nonmetastatic disease is over 80%. Data regarding very late events including long‐term treatment‐related morbidities and second malignancies are scarce. We present our data on 42 patients with NPC treated in Israel between 1989 and 2014, and followed until 2019. During follow up, five patients had disease recurrence, and four children developed secondary malignancy. Median time to diagnosis of secondary malignancy was 105 months. Eighty‐eight percent of patients have long‐term treatment‐related morbidities.
Trait resilience and mental health in older adults: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Färber Francesca , Rosendahl Jenny 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to systematically review research on the association between resilience as a personality trait and mental health in older adults and to meta‐analytically quantify this relation.MethodsWe included studies assessing older adults (mean age 60 years or older), measuring trait resilience with a version of the Resilience Scale (RS) by Wagnild and Young and mental health. We conducted a comprehensive search in Medline, Web of Science, PsycInfo, PubPsych, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Full Text database and the theses database of the German National Library for eligible studies. Study data on associations between resilience and mental health were aggregated using a random‐effects model.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies with 13 444 participants were included. Trait resilience and mental health were strongly interrelated (r = 0.40, 95% CI [0.36; 0.44]) with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 83%). Published studies revealed larger associations between resilience and mental health (r = 0.41 [0.37; 0.45]) than unpublished studies (r = 0.25 [0.11; 0.38]).ConclusionsHigher levels of resilience are associated with better mental health in older persons. Because associations were solely assessed cross‐sectionally, longitudinal studies are highly needed to draw causal inferences. © 2020 The Authors Personality and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Effect of Composite Emulsifiers on Thermal Decomposition Characteristics and Detonation Velocity of HANFO Emulsion Matrices
Authors: Li Hong‐wei , Lei Zhan , Gui Ji‐chang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo study the effect of composite emulsifiers on the thermal decomposition characteristics and detonation velocity of heavy ammonium nitrate‐fuel oil (HANFO) emulsion matrices, the thermal decomposition process of the emulsion matrices prepared by five different composite emulsifiers was studied by thermogravimetry−differential thermogravimetry (TG‐DTG) under four heating rates. The thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy and pre‐exponential factor of the five emulsion matrices were calculated by the Ozawa method and the Kissinger method, and the mechanism function was solved by the Šatava‐Šesták method. The detonation velocity of HANFO emulsion matrices was measured using a discrete‐point electric method. The results showed that the decomposition onset temperature of the HANFO emulsion matrix first increased and then decreased with the addition of emulsifier T152. The emulsion matrix with a Span80 : T152 ratio of 1 : 2 exhibited the highest decomposition onset temperature of 171 °C. Among the five samples, sample 4 had the highest activation energy (108.71 kJ mol−1), indicating that the thermal stability of sample 4 was greater than those of the other four samples. The detonation velocity test results revealed that the composite emulsifier strongly affected the detonation performance of HANFO. The sample with a Span‐80 : T‐152 ratio of 1 : 2 had a higher detonation velocity than the other four samples.
Immigrants' selectivity and their socio‐economic outcomes in the destination country: The Italian case
Authors: Brunori Claudia , Luijkx Ruud , Triventi Moris 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe use a multiple‐origins single destination design to understand how the premigration socio‐economic status (SES) and immigrants' selectivity affect their labour market outcomes and the educational success of their offspring in Italy. Premigration SES is measured using socio‐economic status in the country of origin. The degree of immigrants' selectivity on unobserved characteristics (e.g., ability and motivations) is proxied by an indicator of relative education, measured as the individual's relative position in the age/gender‐specific distribution of educational qualifications in the country of origin. The analysis is conducted using logistic and ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regression models applied to high‐quality data from the 2011–2012 ISTAT Survey on ‘Social condition and integration of foreign citizens’. Results indicate that relative education increases the risk of being unemployed, especially for migrants who recently arrived in Italy, and it does affect SES attained in the destination country, but only among tertiary‐educated individuals. Furthermore, it affects the educational integration of immigrants' offspring by reducing the risk of early school leaving.
Settling down in time and place? Changing intimacies in mobile young people's migration and life courses
Authors: Harris Anita , Baldassar Loretta , Robertson Shanthi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTransnational mobility is increasingly presented to middle‐class youth globally as a way to secure economic futures in precarious times by enhancing educational and employment opportunities. However, little is said about the benefits and impacts of mobility for social and intimate life and specifically how it is situated within, disruptive of, or incorporated into young people's ideas about relationships as they navigate uncertain pathways to adulthood. This paper critically reviews and integrates migration and youth studies scholarship to consider how contemporary youth mobility can be understood as disrupting standard migration‐ and life‐course conventions about intimate relationships. It focuses particularly on questions of temporality, proximity and synchronicity or orthodoxies of ‘the right time’ and ‘the right place’ to ‘settle down’, in the construction and maintenance of both intimate connections to people and attachments to places. It explores how contemporary youth mobility can be seen to complicate notions of the appropriate staging and chronology for establishing different relationships. It raises questions about synchronicity, continuity and proximity as conditions of intimacy and considers how mobility potentially disrupts gendered and heteronormative life courses to provide both welcome freedoms and new challenges, as well as the emergence of new processes of transnational intergenerational care circulation.
Mesenchymal stem cells as a multimodal treatment for nervous system diseases
Authors: Badyra Bogna , Sułkowski Maciej , Milczarek Olga , Majka Marcin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNeurological disorders are a massive challenge for modern medicine. Apart from the fact that this group of diseases is the second leading cause of death worldwide, the majority of patients have no access to any possible effective and standardized treatment after being diagnosed, leaving them and their families helpless. This is the reason why such great emphasis is being placed on the development of new, more effective methods to treat neurological patients. Regenerative medicine opens new therapeutic approaches in neurology, including the use of cell-based therapies. In this review, we focus on summarizing one of the cell sources that can be applied as a multimodal treatment tool to overcome the complex issue of neurodegeneration—mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Apart from the highly proven safety of this approach, beneficial effects connected to this type of treatment have been observed. This review presents modes of action of MSCs, explained on the basis of data from vast in vitro and preclinical studies, and we summarize the effects of using these cells in clinical trial settings. Finally, we stress what improvements have already been made to clarify the exact mechanism of MSCs action, and we discuss potential ways to improve the introduction of MSC-based therapies in clinics. In summary, we propose that more insightful and methodical optimization, by combining careful preparation and administration, can enable use of multimodal MSCs as an effective, tailored cell therapy suited to specific neurological disorders.
The impact of technological innovation and public‐private partnership investment on sustainable environment in China: Consumption‐based carbon emissions analysis
Authors: Khan Zeeshan , Ali Muhsin , Kirikkaleli Dervis , Wahab Salman , Jiao Zhilun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates the effect of public‐private partnership investment in energy and technological innovation on consumption‐based carbon emissions for China from 1990Q1‐2017Q2. This study employs generalized least square (GLS) based unit root test, Maki cointegration test, fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), canonical cointegration regression (CCR) and frequency domain causality test. The finding of this study shows that (a) the cointegrating relationship among public‐private partnership investment in energy, technological innovation, renewable energy consumption, exports, imports, and consumption‐based carbon emissions is proved; (b) exports, renewable energy consumption and technological innovation are helpful to lower consumption‐based carbon emissions; (c) both public‐private partnership investment in energy, GDP and imports leads to increased consumption‐based carbon emissions; (d) in the long term, public‐private partnership investment and technological innovation cause consumption‐based carbon emissions in China. This study recommends technological innovation for the cleaner production process and public‐private partnership investment in renewable energy.
A review on performance‐based specifications toward concrete durability
Authors: Sangoju Bhaskar , Gopal Ramesh , Bhajantri H Bharatkumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConcrete is the most popular and widely used construction material due to its relatively low cost, versatility, and adaptability. Recent past experiences show that the reinforced concrete (RC) structures deteriorating prior to the expected service life when exposing to aggressive chloride or carbonation‐induced environments. This is because of the general assumption that if the strength criteria are satisfactory, the concrete would be sufficiently durable. This assumption does not take into account the variability in concrete resulting from the actual concreting practices, such as placement, consolidation, finishing, and curing. In other words, concrete in the specimens cast for compressive strength bear little resemblance to the concrete in the actual structure. This paper presents a detailed review on the developments that are taking place globally toward the performance‐based specifications for achieving the long‐term durability of RC structures. Also, based on the in‐house experimental studies and available knowledge, a durability performance criterion is suggested for structures exposed to chloride or carbonation‐induced environments toward enhancing the service life.
Aligning regional and business strategies: Looking inside the Basque Country entrepreneurial innovation ecosystem
Authors: Guerrero Maribel , Martínez‐Chávez Mariangélica 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe current socio‐economic scenarios have generated several challenges for any organization. Regional authorities have designed policies that combine supply–demand needs and innovative entrepreneurship programs. The alignment between regional and business strategies has become critical to ensure the necessary resources, skills and capabilities in the region. This article analyses the alignment of regional strategies (entrepreneurial innovation ecosystems) and business strategies (development of new entrepreneurial innovations). By adopting mixed theoretical approaches, we proposed a conceptual model to understand the role of institutional strategies on the definition of business strategies. Given the nature of this study, our methodological design combines a case study approach and an action research approach. Our results provide insights into the positive outcomes generated when regional strategies and business strategies are aligned.
Frontal lobe growth is impaired in fetuses with congenital heart disease
Authors: Paladini D. , Finarelli A. , Donarini G. , Parodi S. , Lombardo V. , Tuo G. , Birnbaum R. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to assess whether fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD) have smaller frontal brain areas compared with normal controls. The secondary objective was to evaluate whether there are any differences in frontal brain area between cases with different types of CHD, grouped according to their impact on hemodynamics.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional study, including 421 normal fetuses and 101 fetuses with isolated CHD evaluated between 20 and 39 gestational weeks at our fetal medicine and surgery unit in the period January 2016–December 2019. The study group was subdivided, according to the CHD hemodynamics, as follows: (1) hypoplastic left heart syndrome and other forms of functionally univentricular heart defect; (2) transposition of the great arteries; (3) conotruncal defects and other CHDs with large shunts; (4) right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, without a hypoplastic right ventricle; (5) left outflow tract obstruction; (6) others. The transventricular axial view of the fetal head was used as the reference view, on which the frontal lobe anteroposterior diameter (FAPD) and the occipitofrontal diameter (OFD) were measured, assuming the former to be representative of the area of the frontal lobes. The FAPD/OFD ratio was then calculated as FAPD/OFD × 100. These two variables (FAPD and FAPD/OFD ratio) were then evaluated and compared between the study and control groups. Adjustment for gestational age, both via multiple linear regression and by using a‐posteriori matching based on the propensity score, was employed.ResultsIn normal fetuses, FAPD showed a linear positive correlation with gestational age. In fetuses with CHD, the FAPD was shorter than in normal fetuses from the 20th gestational week onwards, with the difference increasing after 30 gestational weeks. FAPD/OFD ratio was significantly smaller in fetuses with CHD than in normal fetuses (P < 0.0001) at all gestational ages, with no apparent differences among the various CHD categories, all of which had smaller FAPD/OFD ratio compared with controls.ConclusionsFetuses with CHD have a shorter FAPD and a smaller FAPD/OFD ratio compared with normal fetuses. This impaired growth of the frontal area of the brain seems to occur in all types of CHD, regardless of their impact on hemodynamics. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.