bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computers and Public Administration
Authors: Wish Naomi 
Published: May 2020

The United States is increasingly becoming an information society. Over half of the labor force is now engaged in work requiring some level of information processing. Computers are the “engines” powering this information society and consequently, their diffusion is considerable and growing (Kraemer and Northrop, 1984:2).University professors, especially those who teach the social sciences, recognize that an understanding of computerized society is not enough. Students should be prepared to use these “engines of the information age.“For those of us who teach public administration, especially on the graduate level, the task of preparing our students for the computerized world is even of greater urgency and somewhat different in nature. Professors of public administration are not only preparing students for a computerized future, but more importantly, a computerized present.
The Constitution and Black America
Authors: Miles E. Wally 
Published: May 2020

During the week of June 20, 1983 twenty-five historians and political scientists gathered for a seminar concerning “The Constitution and Black America.” Most of the participating faculty were very positive in their evaluations of the program; many, in fact, stated that its usefulness exceeded their expectations.The location of the seminar at Atlanta University, in Georgia was described by one of the participants as “perfect” in light of the themes which were to be discussed. The university and the city provided both an appropriate environment and relevant resources for the faculty who attended.The Atlanta University complex has a rich history of contributions to the black community and possesses a repository of special collections concerning black history and the quest for equality.
Training Administrators To Use Microcomputers
Authors: Rittle Robert H. 
Published: May 2020

Some are born to computer literacy, while others have literacy thrust upon them! Students who comprise the next generation of political scientists and public administrators will, in many cases, fall into the latter category. This article concerns the role of university training programs in meeting the increasing demands for microcomputer skills.The January, 1984 issue of Public Administration Review included five articles concerning microcomputers in local government. These articles anticipate “major changes in the way local governments organize and the means by which they carry out operations,” as a result of microcomputer technology. Predicting a significant impact of microcomputers in local government, the International City Management Association has also published a major monograph on microcomputer use (Griesemer, 1984).
Teaching Political Philosophy as Plausible Reasoning
Authors: Arnhart Larry 
Published: May 2020

I have taught courses on political philosophy at four schools — the University of Chicago, Rosary College, Idaho State University, and Northern Illinois University. I have had to adjust the style of my teaching to conform to the distinctive character of each school. But I have found that the most fundamental obstacles to winning the attention of students have been the same.Many students have begun my courses with four unfavorable preconceptions. They believe that political philosophy is too abstract. And for that reason they also believe that it has no application to contemporary political issues. Moreover, many students assume that since the classic texts of political thought are old, the ideas they contain must therefore be obsolete. And finally they think that political philosophy is ultimately subjective because no philosopher can prove his ideas to be absolutely true.
Graduate Training in Public Service Ethics
Authors: Ahmed Latheef N. 
Published: May 2020

Educating and training professional administrators in public service ethics is complex. Just one of the many questions is whether ethics can be taught in the classroom at all, particularly to graduate students at a late period in their lives. Essential life patterns of our MPS and MBA students have already been established during their formative years, and their jobs and other adult experiences influence their thinking, feeling and acting. What is “practical” administrative behavior vs. high sounding ethical prescriptions and codes? Recognizing such caveats, the following account documents the author’s classroom teaching experience.The unique student body involved combined MPA and MBA students, who were all part or full time practitioners and mature individuals. This setting provided an opportunity for government-business cross study and dialogue on administrative ethics.
Test Manuals and Test Wiseness
Authors: Adkinson Danny B. , Seip Kathleen 
Published: May 2020

Most college instructors that teach an introductory American government course use multiple choice questions on examinations. Do these instructors give the answers away during the examination? They may be doing so unintentionally. Furthermore, the manner in which they give away the answers may be helping a select group of students and penalizing others.Multiple choice questions may be written in such a way that students who are test-wise are given clues as to which answers are correct. Testwiseness has been defined as the ability to manifest test-taking skills which utilize the characteristics and formats of a test and/or test-taking situation in order to receive a score commensurate with the abilities being measured (Oakland & Weilert, 1971).
Rhetoric as the Foundation for Political Education
Authors: Lawler Peter Augustine 
Published: May 2020

The serious study of the best examples of American political rhetoric can be used as the foundation for the introductory course in American government. The laws of most of our states understand the purpose of political education to be the creation of good citizens. Even at the college level, it makes sense to justify political education in terms of citizenship rather than with the benefits associated with a diffuse introduction to the technical discipline of political science.Citizenship, after all, is a quality shared by almost all human beings in our democratic regime, while only a very few of us ever will specialize in political science. The most cogent way of justifying the general requirement of study of a subject is by showing its universal utility, especially in a democracy, where utility is often the measure of worth.
American Government : The Piaget Way
Authors: Waite Mary H. , Wysocki Peter 
Published: May 2020

Not satisfied with existing approaches to teaching American government, the two authors volunteered to participate in an experiment applying the learning theories of Piaget.What follows is a short explanation of a few selected theories by Piaget, as a forerunner to demonstrating how the noted psychologist's ideas relate to the teaching of American politics. A learning model is then described. Two sample units of this approach to teaching the introductory course on American government are discussed in some detail. Before concluding with a little background on the federal grant involved, there is a section on the advantages and disadvantages of this method for the college instructors as well as their students.
Politics and Literature
Authors: Whitebrook Maureen 
Published: May 2020

The terms “politics” and “literature” are both “essentially-contestable“ concepts. “Politics” can mean political practice, political ideas or the study of politics; “literature” can mean the writing of books, the content of those books or the reading of them. “Politics and literature” is often taken to be synonymous with “political literature,” but different usages of “politics” and “literature” will produce other connections. Much of the work in “politics and literature” hitherto has been of a sociological nature. Less interest has been shown in the distinctively political aspects of the possible relationships between the study of politics — political thought in the widest sense — and the content of literature.No methodology has yet been developed, in Literary Studies or Political Science, for the explication and understanding of these connections. The sociology of literature, however, provides terminology that may be useful in establishing such links.
Competing Dreams in Communist Societies
Authors: Peterson James W. 
Published: May 2020

Focus Many courses on comparative communism traditionally make mention of artistic and political dissidents, but exclusive reliance on political science source materials often fails to demonstrate the variety of thought patterns within communist societies. A multi-disciplinary course which specifically draws attention to various “political dreams” can enable students to become more aware of the richness of thought patterns within communist societies.A January term in which students took part in one course for four weeks provided an ideal setting for teaching such a course. Through daily reading assignments and discussions class members discovered four main categories of dissident political dreams. First, a number of writers challenged the system of one-party control by advocating an effective separation of powers among governmental institutions such as the legislature and the courts.
An Interactive Instructional Program
Authors: Garson G. David 
Published: May 2020

Microcomputing puts an amazingly versatile instructional tool into the hands of political scientists. It provides the ability to do far more than process data in ways political science SPSS and SAS users are familiar with. Microcomputing enables the student to interact with instructor provided programs which provide immediate feedback tailored to the student's speed and abilities.One example is a program which will poll voters and provide instantaneous feedback on the results of an individual's vote as averaged with all previous votes. Our department uses this program on “Open House Day”, a high school oriented outreach. It replaces an earlier manual version of the same thing in which visitors to the department's display were asked to vote on forms which were tallied later.
Microcomputers in Statistical Work
Authors: Schrodt Philip A. 
Published: May 2020

The computer has revolutionized the use of statistical techniques in social science research. In recent years microcomputers have begun to replace large mainframe computers in such applications as word processing, accounting and data base management. While the use of microcomputers as statistical processors is still in its infancy, and existing software leaves a lot to be desired, the economics and convenience of statistical work on microcomputers point to an increasing role for micros in this area.This article will survey the costs and benefits of doing statistical work with microcomputers. It is not a discussion of individual statistical programs but instead focuses on the general issues of what you need and what you can expect to do.
Students’ Support for Civil Liberties
Authors: Hughes D. L. , Garrison David 
Published: May 2020

Ed. Note: The questionnaire and tables described in this essay are available from the editor upon request.After a number of years of relative neglect, scholarly attention is once again being paid to the teaching of political science, particularly the introductory American government course. In many states such courses are required of virtually every college student, usually on the grounds that better citizens will somehow result. The underlying assumption is that learning about the structure and function of government and the rules of democratic procedure will produce citizens more committed to democratic ideals.Most studies of students’ democratic values have focused on the effect of the college experience as a whole rather than on the specific effect of exposure to political science courses.
The new definition of health technology assessment: A milestone in international collaboration
Authors: O'Rourke Brian , Oortwijn Wija , Schuller Tara ,   the International Joint Task Group
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAn international joint task group co-led by the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) and Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) has developed a new and internationally accepted definition of HTA.MethodsThe task group, consisting of representatives of leading HTA networks, societies and global organizations, developed guiding principles for the process and followed an established consultation plan with the broader HTA community to develop the definition.ResultsThe consensus achieved by the international joint task group brings the collective weight of the participating networks, societies, and organizations behind the new definition.ConclusionThe new definition of HTA is an historic achievement and it is offered to the current and emerging HTA world as a cornerstone reference for today and into the future.
Five-year-olds produce prosodic cues to distinguish compounds from lists in Australian English
Authors: YUEN Ivan , XU RATTANASONE Nan , SCHMIDT Elaine , MACDONALD Gretel , HOLT Rebecca , DEMUTH Katherine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough previous research has indicated that five-year-olds can use acoustic cues to disambiguate compounds (N1 + N2) from lists (N1, N2) (e.g., ‘ice-cream’ vs. ‘ice, cream’) (Yoshida & Katz, 2004, 2006), their productions are not yet fully adult-like (Wells, Peppé & Goulandris, 2004). The goal of this study was to examine this issue in Australian English-speaking children, with a focus on their use of F0, word duration, and pauses. Twenty-four five-year-olds and 20 adults participated in an elicited production experiment. Like adults, children produced distinct F0 patterns for the two structures. They also used longer word durations and more pauses in lists compared to compounds, indicating the presence of a boundary in lists. However, unlike adults, they also inappropriately inserted more pauses within the compound, suggesting the presence of a boundary in compounds as well. The implications for understanding children's developing knowledge of how to map acoustic cues to prosodic structures are discussed.
Efecto de la tandospirona sobre la discinesia tardía y los síntomas parkinsonianos
Authors: Yoshida K. , Sugita T. , Higuchi H. , Hishikawa Y. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenLos autores examinaron el efecto de la tandospirona sobre la discinesia tardía (DT) y los síntomas parkinsonianos en un estudio abierto. La tandospirona no produjo ningún efecto favorable sobre la DT, pero tuvo un buen efecto sobre los síntomas parkinsonianos.
Depresión psicótica en pacientes ambulatorios de la práctica privada
Authors: Benazzi F. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenSe estudió la prevalencia de la depresión psicótica y se realizó una comparación entre la depresión psicótica y no psicótica en 203 pacientes ambulatorios unipolares y bipolares consecutivos que se presentaron para tratamiento de depresión en la práctica privada de un psiquiatra La prevalencia de la depresión psicótica fue 14%. De las variables investigadas (diagnóstico unipolar/bipolar, edad en la línea de base/comienzo, género, recurrencias, rasgos atípicos, comorbilidad, cronicidad, duración de la enfermedad, gravedad en la línea de base), el diagnóstico de trastorno bipolar I era significativamente más común, y la gravedad de la depresión era significativamente mayor en la depresión psicótica frente a la no psicótica. Los resultados discordantes en las publicaciones pueden estar relacionados con las diferentes muestras estudiadas.
Efectividad de la clozapina en un servicio psiquiátrico en Italia
Authors: Berardi D. , Troia M. , Dell'Atti M. , Bartoletti C. , Cantaroni C. , Ferrari G. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenSe administró clozapina a 28 esquizofrénicos resistentes al tratamiento en los servicios psiquiátricos en Bolonia. A las 26 semanas, el 62% de los pacientes mostraba respuesta. Los síntomas positivos y negativos mejoraron, pero la disminución de los síntomas negativos dependía en parte de la mejoría de los positivos y los extrapiramidales. No se vieron casos de agranulocitosis. Algunos abandonos estaban relacionados con dificultades con la mejoría psicopatológica.
Trastorno de angustia y memoria: ¿se deriva el trastorno de angustia de una disfunción de la memoria?
Authors: Berksun O. E. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenSe propone que los pacientes con trastorno de angustia tienen un defecto en la memoria episódica relacionada con el miedo, y sus crisis de angustia se originan en el recuerdo automático del conglomerado emocional-autonómico relacionado con el miedo. El conglomerado en tanto componente de miedo parece haber sido disociado de la estructura cognitiva (la huella de memoria episódica o informativa) o de la “estructura de información”. Se creó un método especial para examinar esta hipótesis en que se pidió a 30 pacientes con trastorno de angustia, 12 controles sanos y 32 pacientes con otros diagnósticos psiquiátricos, que recordaran y describieran una experiencia que le produjera temor. Ninguno de los pacientes en el grupo de trastorno de angustia pudo recordar acontecimiento o episodio alguno en su pasado que le produjera temor. Todos los sujetos menos uno entre los controles sanos y todos los sujetos en el grupo sin angustia pudieron recordar un acontecimiento o episodio o más que le produjera temor. Se analizan las posibles implicaciones teóricas de estos resultados en el contexto de algunos conceptos clásicos.
Estadios de adaptación a un diagnóstico médico de una condición somática grave
Authors: Mękarski J. E. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenEl diagnóstico de una condición somática grave puede precipitar un proceso de afrontamiento de siete estadios: conmoción, negación, postergación, negociación, depresión, ira y adaptación. Se proponen métodos psicométricos y estadísticos para operacionalizar los estadios.
Funciones neuroendocrinas e inmunológicas en pacientes deprimidos: un estudio de seguimiento
Authors: Cervera-Enguix S. , Rodríguez-Rosado Ȧ. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenEl desarrollo, valoración y uso de marcadores biológicos con un propósito diagnóstico en psiquiatría es sumamente importante. Sin embargo, con ciertas excepciones, todavía no han surgido marcadores verdaderamente sensibles y específicos. Para investigar la relación entre el aparato inmune y la actividad hipotalámico-pituitaria por una parte, y el estado psicopatológico de los pacientes por otra, utilizamos un diseño longitudinal y evaluamos parámetros de monocitos (HLA-DR, CD 35, filamentos de vimentín e índice de fagocitosis) y pruebas neuroendocrinas (prueba de supresión con dexametasona [DST] y prueba de estimulación de la hormona liberadora de tirotropina [TRH]) en la admisión y en el seguimiento en 49 pacientes deprimidos. Se compararon parámetros inmunológicos con pruebas neuroendocrinas en ambas fases del estudio. El uso combinado de pruebas inmunológicas y neuroendocrinas no añadió sensibilidad a la identificación inmunológica de los pacientes deprimidos. Los hallazgos nos llevaron a considerar el papel de los parámetros de monocitos como marcadores sensibles del estado depresivo, mientras que el uso combinado de pruebas neuroendocrinas e inmunológicas en la práctica clínica actual sería discutible.
El papel de las beta-carbolinas (harmana/norharmana) en adictos a la heroína
Authors: Stohler R. , Rommelspacher H. , Ladewig D. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenLas sustancias endógenas derivadas de interacciones entre alcohol y posiblemente metabolitos y neurotransmisores opioides (dopamina, indolaminas) podrían ser mediadores del proceso patoquímico hacia la dependencia. Las beta-carbolinas (harmana/norharmana) están aumentadas en alcohólicos y —según los resultados presentados— en adictos a la heroína. Trastornos psícopatológicos como la ansiedad o la depresión no parecen influir en el nivel de beta-carbolinas.
Disminución de las tasas de incidencia de casos de esquizofrenia en servicios psiquiátricos: una revisión de las publicaciones
Authors: Munk-Jørgensen P. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenUna revisión de las publicaciones muestra que las tasas de admisión de nuevos casos de esquizofrenia varían en un factor de dos a cinco en los estudios de América del Norte y en los europeos. Además, la tendencia ha disminuido durante los últimos 40-50 años en Europa. Se revisan 18 estudios que analizan específicamente el desarrollo durante los 20 últimos años. Los estudios muestran preponderantemente disminuciones significativas debidas con mucha probabilidad a la reducción del número de camas psiquiátricas disponibles junto a la descentralización de la psiquiatría, y a una disminución de la virulencia de la esquizofrenia. Por otro lado, un intervalo diagnóstico de esquizofrenia difícilmente puede explicar la disminución.
Correlatos clínicos y sociodemográficos de las estrategias de afrontamiento en familiares de pacientes esquizofrénicos
Authors: Magliano L. , Veltro F. , Guarneri M. , Marasco C. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenEl estudio tenía el propósito de describir las estrategias de afrontamiento en una muestra de familiares básicos de pacientes esquizofrénicos y explorar sus relaciones con las variables siguientes: características socio-demográficas de los pacientes y los familiares básicos, condición clínica de los pacientes y los familiares básicos, y carga subjetiva de estos familiares. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre las puntuaciones en elementos de coerción y las puntuaciones en los factores “síndrome desorganizado” y “síndrome de pobreza psicomotora” del Examen del Estado Actual (PSE-9). Se encontró que una duración larga de la enfermedad se asociaba con estrategias de los familiares caracterizadas por comunicación positiva y participación social del paciente. Las estrategias de afrontamiento de coerción, evitación y resignación se asociaban significativamente con la aparición de síntomas de ansiedad y depresivos en los familiares básicos de los pacientes.
Evolución comparativa de pacientes de primera admission con ideas delirantes
Authors: Jørgensen P. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenSe examinó desde la primera admisión hasta el seguimiento a una muestra de estudio de 88 pacientes que sufrían ideas delirantes. Desde el momento de la admisión índice, el funcionamiento global difiere cuando se distribuyen de acuerdo con las categorías de la CIE-10. Los pacientes con diagnóstico de alta de trastorno afectivo y trastorno psicótico agudo y transitorio tienen una perspectiva similar y optimista. Las perspectivas más pesimistas se aplican a los pacientes con esquizofrenia, y una posición intermedia, pero bastante pesimista, se aplica también a los pacientes con trastorno delirante persistente. Según el diagnóstico de alta después de la primera admisión, la puntuación de la Escala de Evaluación Global (GAF) en el seguimiento (8 años) es: esquizofrenia, 37; trastorno afectivo, 73; trastorno delirante persistente, 47; y trastorno psicótico agudo y transitorio, 70. Por lo general, la evolución a corto plazo se parece mucho a la de la observación a medio plazo. Durante el periodo de observación, fallecieron 13 pacientes. Entre los 75 pacientes supervivientes, el diagnóstico en el seguimiento difería en ocho casos, utilizando la CIE-10, del que se dio en el alta de la primera admisión y en diez casos, utilizando el DSM-III-R. Por tanto, el uso de la CIE-10 y del DSMIII- R permite a los clínicos estimar una categoría diagnóstica de estabilidad elevada (89%) con retraso mínimo.