bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Transport Processes of a Pair of Solar Energetic Particle Events Observed by Parker Solar Probe Near Perihelion
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Zhang Ming , Lario David 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present model calculations of the transport processes of solar energetic particles in the corona and interplanetary medium for two events detected by Parker Solar Probe near its second perihelion on 2019 April 2 and April 4. In the 2019 April 2 event, the <100 keV proton differential intensity measured by the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun Low-Energy Energetic Particle instrument increased by more than a factor of 10 above the pre-event intensity, whereas the ∼1 MeV proton differential intensity detected by the High-Energy Energetic Particle Instrument did not show any intensity enhancement. In the 2019 April 4 event, the ∼1 MeV proton intensity showed an increase of more than a factor of 100 above the pre-event intensity, but the <100 keV proton intensity enhancement was rather low and gradual. The observational fact that only the 2019 April 4 event displayed a high-energy intensity enhancement indicates that the associated acceleration process in the second event was more energetic than the first event. However, the gradual and low enhancement of the low-energy proton intensity in the second event is at odds with this scenario. In this paper, we investigate the injection and transport processes of protons in the corona and interplanetary magnetic fields with numerical model simulations. Our model calculations suggest that the gradual and low rise of the low-energy protons in the April 4 event was probably due to the different diffusion conditions in these two events and the fact that the spacecraft was moving away from the source region during these two events.
ALMA [N ii] 205 μm Imaging Spectroscopy of the Lensed Submillimeter Galaxy ID 141 at Redshift 4.24
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Cao Xiaoyue , Lu Nanyao , Li Ran , Yang Chentao , Rigopoulou Dimitra , Charmandaris Vassilis , Gao Yu , Xu Cong Kevin , van der Werf Paul , Diaz Santos Tanio , Privon George C. , Zhao Yinghe , Cao Tianwen , Dai Y. Sophia , Huang Jia-Sheng , Sanders David , Wang Chunxiang , Wang Zhong , Zhu Lei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observation of the Submillimeter galaxy ID 141 at z = 4.24 in the [N ii] 205 μm line (hereafter [N ii] ) and the underlying continuum at (rest-frame) 197.6 μm. Benefiting from lensing magnification by a galaxy pair at z = 0.595, ID 141 is one of the brightest

SMGs. At the angular resolutions of

–1.″5 (1″ ∼6.9 kpc), our observation clearly separates and moderately resolves the two lensed images in both continuum and line emission at a signal-to-noise ratio >5. Our continuum-based lensing model implies an averaged amplification factor of ∼5.8 and reveals that the delensed continuum image has a Sérsic index

and Sérsic radius of ∼0.″18 (∼1.24 kpc). Furthermore, the reconstructed [N ii] velocity field in the source plane is dominated by a rotation component with a maximum velocity of ∼300 km s−1 at large radii, indicating a dark matter halo mass of ∼10

. This, together with the reconstructed velocity dispersion field being smooth and modest in value (<100 km s−1) over much of the outer parts of the galaxy, favors the interpretation of ID 141 being a disk galaxy dynamically supported by rotation. The observed [N ii] /CO (7−6) and [N ii] /[C ii] 158 μm line-luminosity ratios, which are consistent with the corresponding line ratio versus far-infrared color correlation from local luminous infrared galaxies, imply a delensed star formation rate of (1.8

yr−1 and provide an independent estimate of the size of the star-forming region

kpc in radius.
Chromospheric Magnetic Field: A Comparison of He i 10830 Å Observations with Nonlinear Force-free Field Extrapolation
Authors: Kawabata Yusuke , Asensio Ramos Andrés , Inoue Satoshi , Shimizu Toshifumi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) modeling has been extensively used to infer the three-dimensional magnetic field in the solar corona. One of the assumptions in the NLFFF extrapolation is that the plasma beta is low, but this condition is considered to be incorrect in the photosphere. We examine direct measurements of the chromospheric magnetic field in two active regions through spectropolarimetric observations at He i 10830 Å, which are compared with the potential fields and NLFFFs extrapolated from the photosphere. The comparisons allow quantitative estimation of the uncertainty in the NLFFF extrapolation from the photosphere. Our analysis shows that observed chromospheric magnetic field may have larger nonpotentiality compared to the photospheric magnetic field. Moreover, the large nonpotentiality in the chromospheric height may not be reproduced by the NLFFF extrapolation from the photospheric magnetic field. The magnitude of the underestimation of the nonpotentiality at chromospheric heights may reach 30°–40° in shear signed angle in some locations. This deviation may be caused by the non-force-freeness in the photosphere. Our study suggests the importance of the inclusion of measured chromospheric magnetic fields in the NLFFF modeling for the improvement of the coronal extrapolation.
SOFIA/FORCAST Observations of R Aqr: Monitoring the Dust Emission
Authors: Omelian Eric , Sankrit Ravi , Helton L. Andrew , Gorti Uma , Wagner R. Mark 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present mid-infrared spectra of the symbiotic Mira, R Aqr obtained with the Faint Object infraRed CAmera instrument on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy in 2016 and 2017. These data, supplemented with Infrared Space Observatory observations from 20 yr earlier, allow us to study the variation of the silicate dust emission over short and long timescales. Radiative transfer models for the dust emission from the circumstellar shell indicate that changes that occur within a pulsation period are driven mainly by the variation properties of the asymptotic giant branch star, and do not require any change in the grain composition. The models show that the longer-term changes are due to variations in the dust density, probably modulated by the orbital separation of the binary companion stars. The models also suggest the presence of micron-size dust grains at all epochs.
On the Granulation and Irregular Variation of Red Supergiants
Authors: Ren 任 Yi 逸 , Jiang 姜碧 Bi-Wei 沩 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The mechanisms and characteristics of the irregular variations of red supergiants (RSGs) are studied based on the RSG samples in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and M31. With the time-series data from the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae and Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory survey, we use the continuous time autoregressive moving average model to estimate the variability features of the light curves and their power spectral density (PSD). The characteristic evolution timescale and amplitude of granulations are further derived from fitting the posterior PSD with the COR function, which is a Harvey-like granulation model. The consistency of theoretical predictions and results is checked to verify the correctness of the assumption that granulations on RSGs contribute to irregular variation. The relations between granulation and stellar parameters are obtained and compared with the results of red giant branch (RGB) stars and Betelgeuse. It is found that the relations are in agreement with predictions from basic physical process of granulation and fall close to the extrapolated relations of RGB stars. The granulations in most of the RSGs evolve at a timescale of several days to a year with a characteristic amplitude of 10–1000 mmag. The results imply that the irregular variations of RSGs can be attributed to the evolution of granulations. When comparing the results from the SMC, LMC, and M31, the timescale and amplitude of granulation seem to increase with metallicity. The analytical relations of the granulation parameters with stellar parameters are derived for the RSG sample of each galaxy.
Mid-infrared Studies of HD 113766 and HD 172555: Assessing Variability in the Terrestrial Zone of Young Exoplanetary Systems
Authors: Su Kate Y. L. , Rieke George H. , Melis Carl , Jackson Alan P. , Smith Paul S. , Meng Huan Y. A. , Gáspár András 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present multiepoch infrared photometry and spectroscopy obtained with warm Spitzer, Subaru, and the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy to assess variability for the young (∼20 Myr) and dusty debris systems around HD 172555 and HD 113766A. No variations (within 0.5%) were found for the former at either 3.6 or 4.5 μm, while significant nonperiodic variations (peak to peak of ∼10%–15% relative to the primary star) were detected for the latter. Relative to the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectra taken in 2004, multiepoch mid-infrared spectra reveal no change in either the shape of the prominent 10 μm solid-state features or the overall flux levels (no more than 20%) for both systems, corroborating the fact that the population of submicron-size grains that produce the pronounced solid-state features is stable over a decadal timescale. We suggest that these submicron-size grains were initially generated in an optically thick clump of debris of millimeter-size vapor condensates resulting from a recent violent impact between large asteroidal or planetary bodies. Because of the shielding from the stellar photons provided by this clump, intense collisions led to an overproduction of fine grains that would otherwise be ejected from the system by radiation pressure. As the clump is sheared by its orbital motion and becomes optically thin, a population of very fine grains could remain in stable orbits until Poynting–Robertson drag slowly spirals them into the star. We further suggest that the 3–5 μm disk variation around HD 113766A is consistent with a clump/arc of such fine grains on a modestly eccentric orbit in its terrestrial zone.
Massification et financement public de l’enseignement supérieur en Haïti : problèmes et défis
Authors: Jacob Sergot 
Published: July 2020

L’enseignement supérieur haïtien est en pleine mutation, mais est peu étudié. Cet article examine les conditions dans lesquelles la massification s’y est opérée récemment, d’une part ; et l’ampleur de l’inadéquation du financement public depuis les années 1980, d’autre part. Il met en évidence que malgré la massification, plus rapide, de l’offre pour desservir une demande sociale également en forte hausse, le maigre financement public (en moyenne : 0.33 % du produit intérieur brut (PIB) ; 1.17 % du budget de l’État) consacré au financement des universités publiques, au cours des 30 dernières années, freine leur développement. Dans les faits, malgré l’augmentation, somme toute modeste, du budget des universités publiques par rapport au budget de l’État, la massification s’est traduite in fine dans une réduction de la dépense par étudiant, ce qui n’aide pas à créer les conditions d’un enseignement de qualité acceptable et prive le secteur de sa capacité à jouer un rôle effectif dans le processus de développement socio-économique du pays en se mettant d’abord en capacité de réfléchir sur les problèmes de la société et de son évolution. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Le système de quasi-gratuité des études, financé par le contribuable, a atteint ses limites, tandis que des mécanismes institutionnels de régulation de la massification sont essentiels pour protéger le consommateur et contrer la baisse de la qualité des formations. Pour mieux positionner le pays sur l’échiquier mondial et profiter des externalités positives de l’éducation supérieure, davantage de ressources publiques doivent y être investies. L’enjeu est alors triple ; car il faut trouver les modalités, nécessairement différenciées, de financement des universités et des études elles-mêmes ; et aussi de diversification de ces financements face aux ressources limitées de l’État.
Assessment of Refractive Error Changes and Factors for Decompensation in Patients With Fully Accommodative Esotropia
Authors: Çelik Selcen , Ocak Osman Bulut , İnal Aslı , Aygıt Ebru Demet , Gürez Ceren , Hüseyinhan Zahid , Gökyiğit Birsen 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To determine the factors affecting the risk of deterioration and evaluate the refractive error change in patients with fully accommodative esotropia.

Methods:
Patients diagnosed as having fully accommodative esotropia (esotropic deviation that started before 7 years of age and less than 8 to 10 prism diopters [PD] of esotropia with full hyperopic correction and/or bifocals) were included in this retrospective population-based cohort study. Refractive error changes were recorded. For comparisons, patients were divided into two groups: nondecompensated fully accommodative esotropia group and decompensated fully accommodative esotropia group.

Results:

Two hundred and twenty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up time was 5.94 ± 0.31 years (range: 5 to 8 years). The changes in spherical equivalent in the younger than 7 years, 7 to 12 years, and 12 to 17 years groups were statistically significant (
P
< .001). The decrease of hypermetropia was 0.13 diopters/year between 7 and 12 years and 0.06 diopters/year between 12 and 17 years. Forty-one of 223 patients (18.4%) discontinued spectacle therapy during the follow-up period. Hyperopic error and presence of amblyopia were lower, whereas visual acuity level and presence of near-distance disparity were higher in the spectacle discontinuation group (
P
< .001, .007, .01, and 0.01, respectively). Deterioration of fully accommodative esotropia occurred in 30 of 223 patients (13.5%). Boys were more likely to require strabismus surgery (
P
= .32). The mean age at presentation, esotropia angle with and without refractive correction at both near and distance fixation, near distance disparity, and inferior oblique overaction were significantly higher in patients with decompensated fully accommodative esotropia.

Conclusions:
Hyperopic error increased from the initial level until 7 years of age, followed by a myopic shift thereafter. Few children had resolution of fully accommodative esotropia and could discontinue spectacle therapy. Children with male gender, higher esotropia angle, older age at presentation, near-distance disparity, and inferior oblique overaction experienced a greater deterioration of the fully accommodative esotropia.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(4):217–223.]
Compression Wrapping for Acute Closed Extremity Joint Injuries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Borra Vere , Berry David C. , Zideman David , Singletary Eunice , De Buck Emmy 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveCurrent prehospital recommendations for an acute closed extremity joint injury (ACEJI) are to apply compression in some manner. However, the effectiveness of compression is unclear. We performed a systematic review to summarize and synthesize the evidence for the use of a compression bandage for ACEJI in the prehospital setting.Data SourcesCochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase were searched for relevant literature in November 2019.Study SelectionControlled trials involving adults in the prehospital setting with a recent ACEJI were included when compressive, nonimmobilizing interventions, feasible in a first aid setting, were applied and compared with no compression or any noncompressive intervention, such as braces, splints, or noncompressive stockings. Articles in all languages were included if an English abstract was available.Data ExtractionData on study design, study population, intervention, outcome measures, and methodologic quality were extracted from each included article.Data SynthesisEight studies out of 1193 possibly relevant articles were included. All authors examined compression in the treatment of acute ankle sprains; no studies involved compression for the treatment of other ACEJIs. No difference in the major outcomes of pain reduction or swelling, ankle-joint function, or range of motion could be demonstrated. For the outcome of recovery time, no benefit was shown when comparing compression with no compression. Evidence was insufficient to inform a conclusion about the outcomes of time to return to work or sport. All evidence was of low to very low certainty.ConclusionsThe evidence for the use of a compression wrap was limited to patients with closed ankle injuries. In this systematic review, we could not demonstrate either a beneficial or harmful effect from the application of a compression or elastic bandage compared with no compression or a noncompressive stocking, splint, or brace as a first aid treatment in the prehospital environment.
Một số yếu tố liên quan phân mảnh DNA tinh trùng
Authors: Le Minh Tam , Tran Thi Nhu Quynh , Le Dinh Duong , Cao Ngoc Thanh 
Published: July 2020

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm mục đích tìm hiểu một số yếu tố liên quan đến chỉ số phân mảnh DNA tinh trùng.
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu tiến hành tại Trung tâm Nội tiết sinh sản và Vô sinh - Bệnh viện Đại học Y Dược Huế, trên những trường hợp nam giới các cặp vợ chồng vô sinh đồng ý tham gia vào nghiên cứu. Tiến hành thu thập thông tin hành chính, tiền sử bệnh tật, thói quen sử dụng thuốc lá, rượu bia; thăm khám lâm sàng và cận lâm sàng bao gồm phân tích tinh dịch và xét nghiệm phân mảnh DNA tinh trùng bằng phương pháp SDC. Dựa vào chỉ số phân mảnh DNA tinh trùng (DFI) chia thành 2 nhóm: DFI ≥ 30% và DFI < 30%, phân tích tìm mối liên quan giữa DFI và các yếu tố: tuổi, hút thuốc lá, rượu bia và các thông số mật độ, di động tiến tới, bất thường hình thái, bất thường đầu và cổ - đuôi trong phân tích tinh dịch.
Kết quả: Có 390 người đàn ông trong các cặp vợ chồng vô sinh đầy đủ các tiêu chuẩn được lựa chọn vào mẫu nghiên cứu. Không có mối tương quan nào giữa DFI với tuổi, sức sống và bất thường đuôi - cổ của tinh trùng. Trong khi đó, có mối tương quan thuận của DFI với bất thường hình thái tinh trùng đặc biệt là bất thường đầu và mối tương quan nghịch của DFI với mật độ và di động tiến tới (p < 0,05).
Kết luận: Ngoài phân tích tinh dịch là xét nghiệm tiêu chuẩn để đánh giá chất lượng tinh trùng ở nam giới hiếm muộn, xét nghiệm chỉ số phân mảnh DNA tinh trùng cho thấy vai trò bổ sung cho chẩn đoán vô sinh nam.
Mối tương quan của chỉ số phân mảnh DNA tinh trùng và kết quả tiêm tinh trùng vào bào tương noãn
Authors: Nguyen Thi Quynh Tien , Ma Pham Que Mai , Duong Nguyen Duy Tuyen , Nguyen Minh Tai Loc , Nguyen Truong Thai Ha 
Published: July 2020

Mục tiêu: Xác định mối tương quan giữa chỉ số phân mảnh DNA tinh trùng (DNA Fragment Index - DFI) được đo bằng phương pháp khảo sát độ phân tán nhiễm sắc chất (Sperm Chormatin Dispersion - SCD) và kết quả tiêm tinh trùng vào bào tương noãn (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection – ICSI).
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Đây là nghiên cứu đoàn hệ tiến cứu, thực hiện trên 160 bệnh nhân điều trị ICSI tại Đơn vị Hỗ trợ sinh sản IVFMD, Bệnh viện Mỹ Đức từ tháng 06/2016 đến tháng 05/2017. Kết quả: Không có mối tương quan giữa chỉ số phân mảnh DNA và kết quả ICSI, bao gồm: tỷ lệ thụ tinh, tỷ lệ tạo phôi ngày 3 và tỷ lệ phôi hữu dụng (P > 0,05).
Kết quả: thai lâm sàng ở ba nhóm DFI (< 15%, 15-30%, > 30%) không có khác biệt, bao gồm: tỷ lệ thai beta-hCG > 25 mIU/mL (tương ứng là 49%, 57% và 60%), tỷ lệ thai lâm sàng (tương ứng là 33%, 47% và 20%) và tỷ lệ sẩy thai (tương ứng là 6,5%, 13,3% và 0%) (P > 0,05).
Kết luận: Tỷ lệ phân mảnh DNA tinh trùng không ảnh hưởng đến kết quả điều trị của ICSI.
Clinical use of linezolid in periprosthetic joint infections – a systematic review
Authors: Theil Christoph , Schmidt-Braekling Tom , Gosheger Georg , Schwarze Jan , Dieckmann Ralf , Schneider Kristian Nikolaus , Möllenbeck Burkhard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Introduction: The most common causative organism in periprosthetic joint
infections (PJIs) is Gram-positive bacteria that are increasingly drug
resistant. In these cases the use of linezolid may be warranted. However,
there are conflicting reports regarding its role in antibiotic treatment of
PJIs. The aim of this review is to gather and analyze clinical results and
treatment details on linezolid in patients with PJIs.
Methods: In August 2019, a comprehensive literature search using MEDLINE
(Pubmed and Ovid) and Cochrane Library was performed. A total of 504 records
were screened, and a total of 16 studies including 372 patients treated with
linezolid for a PJI were included in this review based on the PRISMA
criteria and after quality analysis using the MINOR score and Newcastle–Ottawa
scale, as well as assessing level of evidence. Pooling analysis as well as
descriptive analysis was performed.
Results: Based on the results from the studies included, infection control
was achieved in 80 % (range 30 %–100 %) of patients after a mean follow-up
period of 25 (range 2–66) months. The mean duration of treatment was 58 d
intravenous and orally at a median dose of 600 mg bis in die (b.i.d.)
(range 400–900 b.i.d.). A combination therapy with rifampicin was used in
53 % of patients. MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infections were present in
29 % and resistant CoNS (coagulase-negative Staphylococcus) in 46 %. Adverse effects
occurred in 33 % of cases, mostly anemia, thrombocytopenia and
gastrointestinal complaints leading to treatment discontinuation in 9 %.
However, great heterogeneity was found with respect to surgical treatment,
diagnosis of infection and indication for linezolid.
Discussion: Linezolid is an appropriate option for treatment of resistant
Gram-positive organisms in PJIs. Most commonly 600 mg b.i.d. is used, and a
combination with rifampicin appears feasible although one must consider
individual increases in doses in these cases. However, adverse effects are
common and there are limited data for long-term use and optimal antibiotic
combinations or individual doses.
Pluralismo e a criação de novos direitos através da democracia agonística de William E. Connolly
Authors: Monteiro Crespo de Almeida Leonardo 
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo propõe-se a desenvolver uma relação entre pluralismo, democracia e a criação de novos direitos a partir da teoria política desenvolvida por William E. Connolly. Adotando como ponto de partida a noção de democracia agonística presente na obra desse teórico, o artigo busca investigar a maneiracomo os embates entre os diferentes grupos sociais podem vir a concorrer para a formação de novos direitos que, para além de assegurar a pretensão desses grupos, também resguardam o espaço de tensão e do conflito adversarial. Essa relação adversarial, por sua vez, permite a contestação e a crítica a padrõesnormativos e referenciais axiológicos estabelecidos, proporcionando a reconfiguração do social e a entrada de novos atores políticos na arena política da democracia agonística.
Recuperação cardiopulmonar em atletas de Rugby em Cadeira de Rodas: efeito de nível competitivo e classificação funcional
Authors: Mello Alexssander De Souza , Vigário Patrícia Dos Santos , Freitas Jeter Pereira de , Lemos Thiago , Mainenti Míriam Raquel Meira 
Published: July 2020

Introdução: o Rugby em Cadeira de Rodas (RCR) é uma modalidade com grande demanda energética. Objetivo: comparar a recuperação cardiopulmonar de atletas de RCR de elite internacional (EI, n=16) e nacional (EN, n=06), além de investigar a correlação entre a recuperação e a classificação funcional (CF) dos atletas.Métodos: o teste de esforço cardiopulmonar foi realizado em cicloergômetro para membros superiores, com análise dos gases expirados. Consumo de oxigênio (VO2) e ventilação pulmonar (VE) foram avaliados no pico do esforço e na recuperação (primeiro, segundo e terceiro minutos). Resultados: EI apresentou uma maior recuperação do VO2 e da VE. Correlações fortes e muito fortes foram encontradas entre CF e recuperação percentual de VO2 para EN, enquanto que, no EI, as correlações foram fracas e regulares.Conclusão: Atletas com maior volume de prática do RCR (EI) têm maior capacidade de recuperação cardiopulmonar. Sugere-se que o tempo de treinamento pode minimizar a influência da CF na capacidade de recuperação do atleta.