bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDI KRITIS TERHADAP PEMIKIRAN HARUN NASUTION TENTANG SUMBER HUKUM ISLAM AL-QUR’AN DAN HADITS
Authors: HIDAYATULLAH MUHAMMAD 
Published: April 2020

Tujuan penelitian: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap pemikiran Harun Nasution tentang sumber hukum Islam Al-Qur’an dan Hadits. Metode penelitian: Kualitatif. Hasil penelitian : Terdapat kekeliruan pada pemikiran-pemikiran Harun Nasution tentang sumber hukum dalam Islam, yakni al-Qur’ān dan hadīts. Demikian juga terdapat kekeliruan pada pemikiran-pemikiran Harun Nasution di dalam menggambarkan perbedaan pendapat para ulama seputar sumber-sumber hukum di dalam Islam. Sehingga menimbulkan image dari apa yang beliau sampaikan itu bahwasanya sumber-sumber hukum di dalam Islam bukanlah sesuatu yang baku.
DAMPAK ZAKAT, INFAK DAN SEDEKAH (ZIS) TERHADAP PENURUNAN TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DAN PERCEPATAN PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN
Authors: NUR KHOLID AMIN 
Published: April 2020

Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk menganalisa dampak pendistribusian ZIS dalam mereduksi tingkat kemiskinan dan mempercepat proses pengentasan kemiskinan dengan mengambil studi kasus Lembaga Amil Zakat Daerah Amal Insani (LAZDAI) dan DPU-DT Lampung. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatanData yang digunakan adalah data tahun 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua jenis data, yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari wawancara langsung kepada 186 reponden (mustahik). Sedangkan data sekunder berupa garis kemiskinan berdasarkan nishab emas dan literature pendukung. Penelitian ini menggunakan sejumlah alat analisa, yaitu T-Statistik untuk mengetahui apakah distribusi ZIS berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan mustahik atau tidak, Headcount Ratio (H) untuk mengetahui insiden kemiskinan (poverty incidence), Poverty Gap Ratio (P1) dan Income Index (I) untuk mengukur tingkat kedalaman kemiskinan, dan Sen Index of Poverty (P2) serta FGT Index (P3) untuk mengukur tingkat keparahan kemiskinan. Sedangkan formula Time Taken to Exit digunakan untuk menganalisa waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan rumah tangga mustahik. Hasil penelitian: Pada taraf nyata 5 persen, distribusi ZIS berpengaruh secara signifikan dan positif terhadap pendapatan keluarga mustahik. Distribusi ZIS mampu mereduksi jumlah kemiskinan (poverty incidence), kedalaman kemiskinan (poverty gap dan income index), dan keparahan kemiskinan (poverty severity index). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa ZIS mampu mempersingkat/mempercepat waktu pengentasan kemiskinan.
Influence of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Cone Angle on the Geometry of Bow Shocks
Authors: Wang M. , Lu J. Y. , Kabin K. , Yuan H. Z. , Zhou Y. , Guan H. Y. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The frozen-in interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in the solar wind is one of the most important parameters affecting the Earth’s space weather. In the early studies of the IMF’s influence on space weather, significant effects of the north–south component of the IMF B

Z
were emphasized, while the radial component of the IMF B

X
was largely ignored. However, the IMF near the Earth is not always dominated by the north–south component of the IMF B

Z
, and the radial component of the IMF B

X
also plays an important role. However, while the effects of the IMF B

X
(cone angle) on the magnetopause have been studied in recent years, there has been much less effort to quantify the B

X
(cone angle) effects on the bow shock. In this paper, using the bow shock crossing data from multiple satellites, we investigate the IMF cone angle effect on the dayside and nightside of the bow shock. Our results show that under the radial IMF condition, the dayside of the bow shock is located closer to the Earth than the average. At the same time, on the nightside, the bow shock is farther away from the Earth than the average. The mechanism explaining the bow shock location under the radial IMF is not completely understood. We believe that the magnetosonic Mach number and unusual conditions of the magnetosheath, especially for low dynamic pressure, play an important role. In the future, more work is needed to describe the reactions of the Earth’s magnetosphere to different IMF orientations, especially to the radial IMF.
The Impact of Realistic Foreground and Instrument Models on 21 cm Epoch of Reionization Experiments
Authors: Nasirudin A. , Murray S. G. , Trott C. M. , Greig B. , Joseph R. C. , Power C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Predictions for the ability of 21 cm interferometric experiments to discriminate Epoch of Reionization (EoR) signal models are typically limited by the simplicity of data models, whereby foreground signals and characteristics of the instrument are often simplified or neglected. To move toward more realistic scenarios, we explore the effects of applying more realistic foreground and instrument models to the 21 cm signal, as well as the ability to estimate astrophysical parameters with these additional complexities. We use a highly optimized version of 21cmFAST, integrated into 21cmMC, to generate lightcones of the brightness temperature fluctuation for Bayesian parameter estimation. We include a statistical point-source foreground model and an instrument model based on the Murchison Widefield Array scaled in observation time to have an effective sensitivity similar to the future Square Kilometre Array. We also extend the current likelihood prescription to account for the presence of beam convolution and foregrounds, the two-dimensional power spectrum (PS), and the correlation of PS modes. We use frequency bands between 150 and 180 MHz to constrain the ionizing efficiency (ζ), the minimum virial temperature of halos (

), the soft X-ray emissivity per unit star formation rate (SFR) (L

X
/SFR), and the X-ray energy threshold (E
0). We find that the inclusion of realistic foregrounds and instrumental components biases the parameter constraints, due to unaccounted for cross-power between the EoR signal, foregrounds, and thermal noise. This causes estimates of ζ to be biased by up to 5σ, but the estimates of T
vir, L

X
/SFR and E
0 remain unaffected and are all within 1σ.
Dynamical Simulations of the First Globular Clusters
Authors: Carlberg Raymond G. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A Milky Way–like halo is simulated with tidally limited star clusters inserted in the dark matter halos present at high redshift. An n-body code augmented with velocity relaxation in the star clusters evolves the system. The stripped stars and remnant clusters that began in the lower mass subhalos have a distribution somewhat more extended than the dark matter halo, with a mean galactic radius of about 60 kpc inside 150 kpc, whereas the distribution of all stripped stars and clusters is more centrally concentrated than the dark matter. The clusters from low mass subhalos, those with a peak circular velocity of 12–18

, also produce most of the population’s thin stellar streams. Together these suggest a search strategy for extremely metal-poor cluster stars and their remnants. The dependence of the stellar population distribution on subhalo mass is not seen in simulations that start clusters at lower redshift. The half mass radii of the clusters are set by the tidal fields of the initial subhalo, “dwarf galaxy” location, which causes the average half mass–radius to decrease with increasing redshift of formation. Starting clusters at greater than redshift 4 leads to cluster half mass radii approximately as seen in the Milky Way.
Uncertainty Quantification in Planetary Thermal History Models: Implications for Hypotheses Discrimination and Habitability Modeling
Authors: Seales Johnny , Lenardic Adrian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Multiple hypotheses/models have been put forward regarding Earth’s cooling history. Searching for life beyond Earth has brought these models into a new light as they connect to an energy source that life can tap. Discriminating between different cooling models and adapting them to aid in the assessment of planetary habitability has been hampered by a lack of uncertainty quantification. Here, we provide an uncertainty quantification that accounts for a range of interconnected model uncertainties. This involved calculating over a million individual model evolutions to determine uncertainty metrics. Accounting for uncertainties means that model results must be evaluated in a probabilistic sense, even though the underlying models are deterministic. The uncertainty analysis was used to quantify the degree to which different models can satisfy observational constraints on the Earth’s cooling. For the Earth’s cooling history, uncertainty leads to ambiguity—multiple models, based on different hypotheses, can match observations. This has implications for using such models to forecast conditions for exoplanets that share Earth characteristics but are older than the Earth, i.e., ambiguity has implications for modeling the long-term life potential of terrestrial planets. Even for the most earthlike planet we know of, the Earth itself, model uncertainty and ambiguity leads to large forecast spreads. Given that Earth has the best data constraints, we should expect larger spreads for models of terrestrial planets, in general. The uncertainty analysis provided here can be expanded by coupling planetary cooling models to climate models and propagating uncertainty between them to assess habitability from a probabilistic view.
Tanaidacea of Greece: a preliminary checklist
Authors: Koulouri Panayota , Gerovasileiou Vasilis , Bailly Nicolas , Dounas Costas 
Published: April 2020

The checklist of Tanaidacea of Greece was developed in the framework of the LifeWatchGreece Research Infrastructure (ESFRI) project and coordinated by the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research during the period 2013-2015. By applying the Greek Taxon Information System (GTIS) of this project, a complete checklist of species recorded from Greek Seas has been developed. The objectives of the present study were to update and cross-check all tanaidacean species known to occur in Greek Seas. Inaccuracies and omissions according to recent literature and the current taxonomic status were also investigated.
The up-to-date checklist of Tanaidacea of Greece comprises 20 species, classified to 11 genera and five families.
An Unusual Case of Polydactyly
Authors: Biere Surya S.A.Y. , Lagarde Sjoerd M. , Wust Aloys F.J. , Steller E. Philip 
Published: April 2020

Polydactyly is defined as a congenital anomaly of the hand or foot with the presence of supernumerary digits. The frequency of polydactyly varies widely among populations. It can occur as an isolated condition or as a feature of a congenital condition. In the literature, the condition is commonly described in combination with an apparent congenital deformity. We describe a case of polydactyly with no other obvious, macroscopically visible anomaly.
A 21-year-old man presented with a sprained left ankle. On examination, a slightly irregularly shaped fifth digit of the left foot that appeared like a tailor's bunion was observed. The patient reported slight weight-bearing pain and tenderness over the navicular bone. No fractures were seen on radiographs, but they revealed an os tibiale externum, an extra metatarsal bone conjoined distally with the fifth metatarsal, and an extra hypoplastic proximal phalanx. No obvious signs of deformity were present. A bunionette, which was an extra hypoplastic proximal phalanx, was observed at the base of the fifth toe.
Few published reports have described isolated polymetatarsia, and none of those describe supernumeral digits. A comprehensive search of the literature found no cases identical to ours.
Zebrafish NF-κB/p65 Is Required for Antiviral Responses
Authors: Ouyang Gang , Liao Qian , Zhang Dawei , Rong Fangjing , Cai Xiaolian , Fan Sijia , Zhu Junji , Wang Jing , Liu Xing , Liu Xueqin , Xiao Wuhan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Transcriptional programs regulated by the NF-κB family are essential for the inflammatory response as well as for innate and adaptive immunity. NF-κB activation occurs via two major signaling pathways: the canonical and the noncanonical. The canonical NF-κB pathway responds to diverse immune stimulations and leads to rapid but transient activation. As a member of the canonical NF-κB family, p65 is thought to be a key regulator of viral infection. Because of the embryonic lethality of p65-null mice, the physiological role of p65 in the antiviral immune response is still unclear. In this study, we generated p65-null zebrafish, which were viable and indistinguishable from their wildtype (WT) siblings under normal conditions. However, p65-null zebrafish were more sensitive to spring viremia of carp virus infection than their WT siblings. Further assays indicated that proinflammatory and antiviral genes, including IFN, were downregulated in p65-null zebrafish after spring viremia of carp virus infection compared with their WT siblings. Our results thus suggested that p65 is required for the antiviral response, activating not only proinflammatory genes but also antiviral genes (including IFN).
Structure of MHC-Independent TCRs and Their Recognition of Native Antigen CD155
Authors: Lu Jinghua , Van Laethem François , Saba Ingrid , Chu Jonathan , Tikhonova Anastasia N. , Bhattacharya Abhisek , Singer Alfred , Sun Peter D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
During normal T cell development in the thymus, αβ TCRs signal immature thymocytes to differentiate into mature T cells by binding to peptide–MHC ligands together with CD4/CD8 coreceptors. Conversely, in MHC and CD4/CD8 coreceptor-deficient mice, the thymus generates mature T cells expressing MHC-independent TCRs that recognize native conformational epitopes rather than linear antigenic-peptides presented by MHC. To date, no structural information of MHC-independent TCRs is available, and their structural recognition of non-MHC ligand remains unknown. To our knowledge in this study, we determined the first structures of two murine MHC-independent TCRs (A11 and B12A) that bind with high nanomolar affinities to mouse adhesion receptor CD155. Solution binding demonstrated the Vαβ-domain is responsible for MHC-independent B12A recognition of its ligand. Analysis of A11 and B12A sequences against various MHC-restricted and -independent TCR sequence repertoires showed that individual V-genes of A11 and B12A did not exhibit preference against MHC-restriction. Likewise, CDR3 alone did not discriminate against MHC binding, suggesting VDJ recombination together with Vα/Vβ pairing determine their MHC-independent specificity for CD155. The structures of A11 and B12A TCR are nearly identical to those of MHC-restricted TCR, including the conformations of CDR1 and 2. Mutational analysis, together with negative-staining electron microscopy images, showed that the CDR regions of A11 and B12A recognized epitopes on D1 domain of CD155, a region also involved in CD155 binding to poliovirus and Tactile in human. Taken together, MHC-independent TCRs adopt canonical TCR structures to recognize native Ags, highlighting the importance of thymic selection in determining TCR ligand specificity.
IKZF3/Aiolos Is Associated with but Not Sufficient for the Expression of IL-10 by CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Ridley Michael L. , Fleskens Veerle , Roberts Ceri A. , Lalnunhlimi Sylvine , Alnesf Aldana , O’Byrne Aoife M. , Steel Kathryn J. A. , Povoleri Giovanni A. M. , Sumner Jonathan , Lavender Paul , Taams Leonie S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10 by CD4+ T cells is indispensable for immune homeostasis, as it allows T cells to moderate their effector function. We previously showed that TNF-α blockade during T cell stimulation in CD4+ T cell/monocyte cocultures resulted in maintenance of IL-10–producing T cells and identified IKZF3 as a putative regulator of IL-10. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that IKZF3 is a transcriptional regulator of IL-10 using a human CD4+ T cell–only culture system. IL-10+ CD4+ T cells expressed the highest levels of IKZF3 both ex vivo and after activation compared with IL-10–CD4+ T cells. Pharmacological targeting of IKZF3 with the drug lenalidomide showed that IKZF3 is required for anti-CD3/CD28 mAb–mediated induction of IL-10 but is dispensable for ex vivo IL-10 expression. However, overexpression of IKZF3 was unable to upregulate IL-10 at the mRNA or protein level in CD4+ T cells and did not drive the transcription of the IL10 promoter or putative local enhancer constructs. Collectively, these data indicate that IKZF3 is associated with but not sufficient for IL-10 expression in CD4+ T cells.
LILRB1 Intron 1 Has a Polymorphic Regulatory Region That Enhances Transcription in NK Cells and Recruits YY1
Authors: Yu Kang , Davidson Chelsea E. , Burshtyn Deborah N. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
LILRB1 is a highly polymorphic receptor expressed by subsets of innate and adaptive immune cells associated with viral and autoimmune diseases and targeted by pathogens for immune evasion. LILRB1 expression on human NK cells is variegated, and the frequency of LILRB1+ cells differs among people. However, little is known about the processes and factors mediating LILRB1 transcription in NK cells. LILRB1 gene expression in lymphoid and myeloid cells arises from two distinct promoters that are separated by the first exon and intron. In this study, we identified a polymorphic 3-kb region within LILRB1 intron 1 that is epigenetically marked as an active enhancer in human lymphoid cells and not monocytes. This region possesses multiple YY1 sites, and complexes of the promoter/enhancer combination were isolated using anti-YY1 in chromatin immunoprecipitation–loop. CRISPR-mediated deletion of the 3-kb region lowers LILRB1 expression in human NKL cells. Together, these results indicate the enhancer in intron 1 binds YY1 and suggest YY1 provides a scaffold function enabling enhancer function in regulating LILRB1 gene transcription in human NK cells.
Saúde bucal na escola: uma experiência extensionista
Authors: Ferreira Izabel Do Rocio Costa , Archegas Lucí Regina Panka , Feger José Elmar , Sousa Gabriela Amanda de 
Published: April 2020

A educação em saúde é um dos eixos da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal. O objetivo deste texto é descrever o Evento de Extensão Universitária Promoção de Saúde Bucal na Escola, realizado em outubro de 2018, que abordou temas como escovação, uso do fio dental e também a utilização de piercing labial e lingual, com discussão crítica e participativa de escolares de 12 a 14 anos de um colégio público estadual de Curitiba. O evento foi realizado no formato de aula expositiva dialogada por acadêmicos do Curso Técnico em Agente Comunitário de Saúde da Universidade Federal do Paraná. No instrumento avaliativo utilizou-se a mensuração de competências desmembradas em conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes em relação aos temas abordados. Verificaram-se atitudes positivas dos escolares em termos das competências avaliadas, porém, pouca modificação dos mesmos para discutir assuntos relacionados à saúde, indicando a necessidade de propiciar mais momentos como o aqui relatado.
A participação da extensão na resolução de caso de criança com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1
Authors: Oliveira Marcia De Freitas , Damo Nevoni Goretti , Lopes Caroline , Raitz Isadora Wileman , Pereira Liandra 
Published: April 2020

Introdução: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) representa um grupo de doenças caracterizadas por hiperglicemia. Objetivo: foi demonstrar a importância da extensão, da atuação interprossional e multiprofissional para a resolução de um caso clínico dentro de um Projeto de extensão interprofissional na perspectiva de clínica ampliada. Metodologia: foi realizado relato da atuação da extensão universitária em um caso de uma criança de 11 anos de idade com Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DMT1) não controlada, apresentando um quadro de hiperplasia gengival, além de fratura incisal no dente 21. Resultados: O protocolo de atendimento foi preventivo e terapêutico e incluiu: aferição da glicemia capilar, antibioticoterapia profilática, atendimento interprofissional e multiprofissional e controle do quadro de hipoglicemia. O apoio dos familiares foi fundamental para o sucesso do tratamento. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a atuação interprofissional e multiprofissional no planejamento e no desenvolvimento das atividades, favoreceram a interlocução de conhecimentos e experiências para ajudar na resolução das situações vivenciadas, promovendo, assim, melhores condições para o paciente lidar com sua saúde geral e bucal.
Eddy covariance flux measurements of gaseous elemental mercury over a grassland
Authors: Osterwalder Stefan , Eugster Werner , Feigenwinter Iris , Jiskra Martin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Direct measurements of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE)
of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) are important to improve our
understanding of global Hg cycling and, ultimately, human and wildlife Hg
exposure. The lack of long-term, ecosystem-scale measurements causes large
uncertainties in Hg0 flux estimates. It currently remains unclear whether
terrestrial ecosystems are net sinks or sources of atmospheric Hg0.
Here, we show a detailed validation of direct Hg0 flux measurements
based on the eddy covariance technique (Eddy Mercury) using a Lumex RA-915 AM mercury monitor. The flux detection limit derived from a zero-flux experiment in
the laboratory was 0.22 ng m−2 h−1 (maximum) with a 50 %
cutoff at 0.074 ng m−2 h−1. We present eddy covariance NEE
measurements of Hg0 over a low-Hg soil
(41–75 ng Hg g−1 in the
topsoil, referring to a depth of 0–10 cm), conducted in summer 2018 at a managed grassland at the
Swiss FluxNet site in Chamau, Switzerland (CH-Cha). The statistical estimate
of the Hg0 flux detection limit under outdoor conditions at the site
was 5.9 ng m−2 h−1 (50 % cutoff). We measured a net summertime
emission over a period of 34 d with a median Hg0 flux of 2.5 ng m−2 h−1 (with a −0.6 to 7.4 ng m−2 h−1 range between the 25th
and 75th percentiles). We observed a distinct diel cycle with higher
median daytime fluxes (8.4 ng m−2 h−1) than nighttime fluxes (1.0 ng m−2 h−1). Drought stress during the measurement campaign in
summer 2018 induced partial stomata closure of vegetation. Partial stomata
closure led to a midday depression in CO2 uptake, which did not recover
during the afternoon. The median CO2 flux was only 24 % of the
median CO2 flux measured during the same period in the previous year
(2017). We suggest that partial stomata closure also dampened Hg0 uptake
by vegetation, resulting in a NEE of Hg0 that was dominated by soil emission.
Finally, we provide suggestions to further improve the precision and handling
of the “Eddy Mercury” system in order to assure its suitability for long-term NEE
measurements of Hg0 over natural background surfaces with low soil Hg
concentrations (< 100 ng g−1). With these improvements, Eddy Mercury has
the potential to be integrated into global networks of micrometeorological
tower sites (FluxNet) and to provide the long-term observations on
terrestrial atmosphere Hg0 exchange necessary to validate regional and
global mercury models.
Late Holocene differential subsidence and relative sea level rise in the Tabasco Delta, Mexico
Authors: Nooren Kees , Cohen Kim M. , Nienhuis Jaap H. , Hoek Wim Z. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Coastal subsidence owing to compaction of Holocene strata and deeper-rooted
components affects large delta plains such as the Tabasco delta in southern
Mexico (Gulf coast). For this system, GNSS3-PPP ground-truthed LiDAR imagery
of high-resolution dated beach-ridge series reveals considerable
differential subsidence on either side of the present Usumacinta-Grijalva
River mouth. Collected field-data allows for quantification of differential
subsidence over several time windows and reconstruction of relative
sea-level rise back to 5000 years ago. Observed differential subsidence of
1–1.5 m is regarded to be syn-sedimentary delta-subsurface compaction of
buried strata in response to the accumulating overburden of the prograding
beach-ridge complex.