bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oregano essential oil improves piglet health and performance through maternal feeding and is associated with changes in the gut microbiota
Authors: Hall H. N. , Wilkinson D. J. , Le Bon M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
With a growing demand for safe and sustainable alternatives to antimicrobials, functional feed ingredients such as plant essential oils have been evaluated for their potential to improve gut health. Amongst these, oregano essential oil (OEO) with the main active compounds carvacrol and thymol has been reported to have antimicrobial and antioxidative properties resulting in improved intestinal barrier function and growth in pigs and poultry. However, its impact on the gut microbiota still remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an oregano essential oil phytobiotic on sow and piglet performance and faecal microbiota.

Results
Piglets from OEO supplemented sows were significantly heavier at one week of age and showed a trend for improved average daily weight gain from birth to weaning. Post-weaning, maternally supplemented piglets were numerically heavier at 10 weeks post-weaning and at slaughter with a reduced variability in bodyweight. Health records showed that piglets in the OEO supplemented litters had significantly reduced incidence of therapeutic treatment and reduced mortality. In both sows and piglets, the structure and composition of the faecal microbiota varied considerably over time. Sows supplemented with OEO during lactation showed an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae family. In addition, there was an increase in the relative abundance of families known to be important in fibre digestion (Fibrobacteriaceae and Akkermansiaceae). Analysis of piglet microbiota at two weeks and four weeks of age revealed a relative decrease in Enterobacteriaceae while butyrate producers (Lachnospiraceae family) were increased at both timepoints.

Conclusion
We hypothesise that the effects observed from this study were exerted through modulation of the gut microbial communities in the sow and her offspring through maternal microbial transfer. Understanding the link between the gut microbiota and dietary factors represents a keystone to improving health and performance for sustainable pig production. Reducing antimicrobial usage can help to reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which is a global focus for animal production.
Potential Transcriptional Biomarkers to Guide Glucocorticoid Replacement in Autoimmune Addison’s Disease
Authors: Sævik Åse Bjorvatn , Wolff Anette B , Björnsdottir Sigridur , Simunkova Katerina , Hynne Martha Schei , Dolan David William Peter , Bratland Eirik , Knappskog Per M , Methlie Paal , Carlsen Siri , Isaksson Magnus , Bensing Sophie , Kämpe Olle , Husebye Eystein S , Løvås Kristian , Øksnes Marianne 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
No reliable biomarkers exist to guide glucocorticoid (GC) replacement treatment in autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD), leading to overtreatment with alarming and persistent side effects or undertreatment, which could be fatal.

Objective
To explore changes in gene expression following different GC replacement doses as a means of identifying candidate transcriptional biomarkers to guide GC replacement in AAD.

Methods
Step 1: Global microarray expression analysis on RNA from whole blood before and after intravenous infusion of 100 mg hydrocortisone (HC) in 10 patients with AAD. In 3 of the most highly upregulated genes, we performed real-time PCR (rt-PCR) to compare gene expression levels before and 3, 4, and 6 hours after the HC infusion. Step 2: Rt-PCR to compare expression levels of 93 GC-regulated genes in normal versus very low morning cortisol levels in 27 patients with AAD.

Results
Step 1: Two hours after infusion of 100 mg HC, there was a marked increase in FKBP5, MMP9, and DSIPI expression levels. MMP9 and DSIPI expression levels correlated with serum cortisol. Step 2: Expression levels of CEBPB, DDIT4, FKBP5, DSIPI, and VDR were increased and levels of ADARB1, ARIDB5, and POU2F1 decreased in normal versus very low morning cortisol. Normal serum cortisol levels positively correlated with DSIPI, DDIT4, and FKBP5 expression.

Conclusions
We introduce gene expression as a novel approach to guide GC replacement in AAD. We suggest that gene expression of DSIPI, DDIT4, and FKBP5 are particularly promising candidate biomarkers of GC replacement, followed by MMP9, CEBPB, VDR, ADARB1, ARID5B, and POU2F1.
A comparison of ketamine-midazolam combination and propofol-fentanyl combination on procedure comfort and recovery process in pediatric colonoscopy procedures
Authors: Saylan Sedat , Akbulut Ulas Emre 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of midazolam-ketamine combination versus fentanyl-propofol combination in pediatric diagnostic colonoscopy.
Methods: This is a retrospective study of 68 children undergoing diagnostic gastroenterology with midazolam-ketamine combination (Group-K) or with fentanyl-propofol combination (Group-P) in the pediatric gastroentology department at a Turkish tertiary hospital between January 2015 and June 2017. An intravenous midazolam was administered one minute before ketamine administration in Group K. Intravenous fentanyl was given to Group P, followed by intravenous propofol.
Results: There were statistically no significant differences between the groups as for age, gender, weight, duration of colonoscopy and complications observed during procedure. Ramsay sedation score was significantly higher in Group K. Recovery time and the rate of complications during the recovery of Group-K (23 patients, 65.7%) was significantly higher than that of Group P (8 patients, 24.2%) (p = 0.001).
Conclusions: Colonoscopy procedures can be quite comfortable in children when using the midazolam-ketamine combination. However, adverse effects related to ketamine were observed during recovery.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2787
How to cite this:Saylan S, Akbulut UE. A comparison of ketamine-midazolam combination and propofol-fentanyl combination on procedure comfort and recovery process in pediatric colonoscopy procedures. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):483-488. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2787
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Assessment of DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Zahid Muhammad , Jawad Muhammad , Arsh Aatik 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To assess the DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted in Karak, Pakistan from March to October 2019. A total of 240 individuals participated in the study with an age range between 17 to 55 years. Among the total sample, 60 participants had exposure to traffic pollution while 60 were mine workers. Two control groups, consisting of 60 individuals each, were also recruited for comparison with the two exposure groups. Comet assay protocols were performed for assessing DNA damage and oxidative stress (length of DNA tail, levels of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione (GSH)). Data was analyzed using T-test on statistix 9.0 software.
Results: The DNA tail length in traffic conductors ranged from 26.83-30.55µm (Mean=28.69 µm while their control group had DNA tail length of 7.98-9.26µm (Mean= 8.62). There was significant difference (P <0.001) between exposure and control group. The DNA length recorded in coal mine workers and their control group was ranged from 29.06-31.26µm (Mean=30.16µm) and 9.42-10.22µm (Mean=9.82), respectively. There was significant difference (P <0.001) between the two groups. As compared to control groups, both exposure groups have high levels of Superoxide Dismutase and Malondialdehyde and low levels of Glutathione. The finding was statistically significant (P <0.001).
Conclusion: Increased inhalational exposure to air pollutants via working in traffic or coal mines can impose higher oxidative stress and DNA damage among workers as compared to the general population.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2848
How to cite this:Ullah I, Zahid M, Jawad M, Arsh A. Assessment of DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):499-502. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2848
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Eczema Herpeticum in children with burns
Authors: Naumeri Fatima , Rijal Sushil , Rashid Abdul Rehman , Ahmad Hafiz Mahmood 
Published: January 2021

Background & Objective: Eczema herpeticum (EH) is a disseminated viral infection occurring in pre-existing skin conditions and burns. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, treatment, and outcome of EH in pediatric burn patients.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the pediatric surgery department, King Edward Medical University/ Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from October 2015 to July 2018 after ethical approval. All pediatric burn patients diagnosed with EH and not sensitive to Acyclovir or suffering from chemical burns were enrolled in the study. Diagnosis was confirmed by presence of umbilicated lesions in burnt area and a positive Tzanck smear. Intravenous acyclovir and supportive treatment was started. Mortality, development of contractures, length of hospital stay/ time for wound healing, re-activation of EH was calculated.
Results: Out of 3958 admitted pediatric burn patients, 94(2.4%) developed EH. Girls were 58(61.7%) and boys were 36(38.3%). Mean age was 5.16 ±2.88 years. Scald burn was in 43(45.7%) patients, flame burn in 48(51.1%) patients, and electric flash burn in 3(3.2%) patients. Mean TBSA was 21.74±10.38%. Vesicular eruptions settled in 92 (97.9%) patients after treatment with acyclovir. Mean duration of treatment was 19.89±8.9 days and hospital stay was 29.84±16.98 days. Twenty three patients (24.5%) developed contractures and two patients (2.1%) developed disseminated EH and expired. Six (6.4%) patients had re-activation of EH.
Conclusion: EH occurred in 2.4% of admitted pediatric burn patients. Intravenous acyclovir was successful in 97.9% of the patients, although 2.1% developed disseminated EH and expired. Re-activation occurred in 6.4% of the cases and was associated with prolonged hospital stay.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3642
How to cite this:Naumeri F, Rijal S, Rashid AR, Ahmad HM. Eczema Herpeticum in children with burns. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):421-425. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3642
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Results of stemless shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Willems Joost I.P. , Hoffmann Jim , Sierevelt Inger N. , van den Bekerom Michel P.J. , Alta Tjarco D.W. , van Noort Arthur 
Published: January 2021

Stemless shoulder arthroplasty relies solely on cementless metaphyseal fixation and is designed to avoid stem-related problem such as intraoperative fractures, loosening, stress shielding or stress-risers for periprosthetic fractures. Many designs are currently on the market, although only six anatomic and two reverse arthroplasty designs have results published with a minimum of two-year follow-up. Compared to stemmed designs, clinical outcome is equally good using stemless designs in the short and medium-term follow-up, which is also the case for overall complication and revision rates. Intraoperative fracture rate is lower in stemless compared to stemmed designs, most likely due to the absence of intramedullary preparation and of the implantation of a stem. Radiologic abnormalities around the humeral implant are less frequent compared to stemmed implants, possibly related to the closer resemblance to native anatomy. Between stemless implants, several significant differences were found in terms of clinical outcome, complication and revision rates, although the level of evidence is low with high study heterogeneity; therefore, firm conclusions could not be drawn. There is a need for well-designed long-term randomized trials with sufficient power in order to assess the superiority of stemless over conventional arthroplasty, and of one design over another.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:35-49. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200067
Jadwal Imunisasi Anak Umur 0 – 18 tahun Rekomendasi Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia Tahun 2020
Authors: Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko , Sitaresmi Mei Neni , Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki S. , Kartasasmita Cissy B. , Moedjito Ismoedijanto , Rusmil Kusnandi , Siregar Syawitri P. , Munasir Zakiuddin , Prasetyo Dwi , Sarosa Gatot Irawan 
Published: January 2021

Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia secara periodik mengkaji rekomendasi jadwal imunisasi untuk menyesuaikan dengan berbagai perkembangan yang terkait dengan jadwal imunisasi di Indonesia. Jadwal imunisasi 2020 ini bertujuan agar dapat digunakan oleh anggota IDAI dalam memenuhi keinginan masyarakat mendapatkan vaksin yang lebih lengkap. Perubahan pada rekomendasi tahun 2020 adalah pada imunisasi Hepatitis B, IPV, BCG, DTP, Hib, Campak /MR/MMR, JE, Varicella, Hepatitis A dan Dengue. Jadwal imunisasi lain tidak ada perubahan. Untuk memudahkan dalam melaksanakannya dilampirkan juga tabel jadwal imunisasi tahun 2020. Untuk memahami dasar pertimbangan jadwal imunisasi dan perubahannya perlu mempelajari uraian di dalam artikel ini dan keterangan dibawah tabel tersebut untuk diterapkan ke dalam layanan imunisasi.
Bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen – ein Schlüssel zur Suffizienz?
Authors: Tröger Josephine , Wullenkord Marlis 
Published: January 2021

Die Förderung von nachhaltigen Lebensstilen und ökologischem Konsumverhalten ist ein zentraler Baustein einer an Suffizienz orientierten Gesellschaft der Zukunft. Welche Rolle kann ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen für diesen Prozess spielen?
MOTIVATION INFLUENCING DECISION TO LEARN KOREAN LANGUAGE AMONG CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: SORNSUWANNASRI Sayamon 
Published: January 2021

This research aims to investigate motivation that influences Chiang Mai University students’ decision to learn the Korean language. A questionnaire is conducted on the students’ motivation behind their decision to learn the Korean language and their expectations for Korean language learning after graduation. Respondents are 102 students studying Korean as elective courses or minor subjects. The results reveal that the type of motivation that has the highest influence over their Korean language learning is self-motivation, and they are also motivated by curriculum and institutes, the ‘Korean Wave’ and the society, defined as social motivation, respectively. Their highest post-graduation expectation for Korean language learning is the ability to converse fluently with Korean people, while the ability to understand Korean songs/dramas/variety programs, the ability to understand Korean society and culture, the ability to get a job using the Korean language, the opportunity to study in South Korea and the opportunity to have new friends are the next highest expectations successively.
Nochmals zum
é ud.1.kam und seiner vermeintlichen Rolle im babylonischen Neujahrsfest – ein Beitrag zur Kulttopographie Babylons in hellenistischer Zeit
Authors: Hackl Johannes 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article revisits the question of whether the sanctuary named é
ud.1.kam and the New Year Festival house (bīt akīti) are one and the same or whether they are separate entities. It presents new evidence that suggests reading the logographic name as bīt ūmakkal, and argues that the latter refers to a sanctuary which was situated in the juniper garden surrounding Marduk’s temple Esangila. In addition, it calls into question P. J. Kosmin’s assumption that the é ud.1.kam may have been founded or repurposed to commemorate in cult the “idealized” Seleucid Era epoch.
Zitate und Abkürzungen folgen den Abkürzungsverzeichnissen in Archiv für Orientforschung 48/49 (2001/2002) 311–505. Ferner ist zu beachten: AD = Text publiziert in A. J. Sachs/H. Hunger, Astronomical diaries and related texts from Babylonia I–VII (Wien 1988 fortlaufend); Fs. van der Spek + Seite + Nummer = Text publiziert von Hackl (2016); OLA 136 + Taf. + Nummer = Text publiziert von Boiy (2004); RINBE 2 + Nummer = Text ediert von Weiershäuser/Novotny (2020). Umrechnungen nach dem Julianischen Kalender folgen Parker/Dubberstein (31956). Ich danke J. Oelsner, T. Oshima, R. Pirngruber, R. J. van der Spek, M. P. Streck und S. Tost für Hinweise und/oder das Lesen des Manuskripts. Ferner bedanke ich mich bei den Gutachtern für ihre wertvollen Hinweise und Anregungen.
Fatty acids and stable isotope signatures of first-year and multiyear sea ice in the Canadian High Arctic
Authors: Kohlbach Doreen , Duerksen Steven W. , Lange Benjamin A. , Charette Joannie , Reppchen Anke , Tremblay Pascal , Campbell Karley L. , Ferguson Steven H. , Michel Christine 
Published: January 2021

Ice algae are critical components to the lipid-driven Arctic marine food web, particularly early in the spring. As little is known about these communities in multiyear ice (MYI), we aimed to provide a baseline of fatty acid (FA) and stable isotope signatures of sea-ice communities in MYI from the Lincoln Sea and compare these biomarkers to first-year ice (FYI). Significant differences in the relative proportions of approximately 25% of the identified FAs and significantly higher nitrogen stable isotope values (δ15N) in bottom-ice samples of FYI (δ15N = 6.4 ± 0.7%) compared to MYI (δ15N = 5.0 ± 0.4%) reflect different community compositions in the two ice types. Yet, the relative proportion of diatom- and dinoflagellate-associated FAs, as well as their bulk and most of the FA-specific carbon stable isotope compositions (δ13C) were not significantly different between bottom FYI (bulk δ13C: –28.4% to –26.7%, FA average δ13C: –34.4% to –31.7%) and MYI (bulk δ13C: –27.6% to –27.2%, FA average δ13C: –33.6% to –31.9%), suggesting at least partly overlapping community structures and similar biochemical processes within the ice. Diatom-associated FAs contributed, on average, 28% and 25% to the total FA content of bottom FYI and MYI, respectively, indicating that diatoms play a central role in structuring sea-ice communities in the Lincoln Sea. The differences in FA signatures of FYI and MYI support the view that different ice types harbor different inhabitants and that the loss of Arctic MYI will impact complex food web interactions with ice-associated ecosystems. Comparable nutritional quality of FAs, however, as indicated by similar average levels of polyunsaturated FAs in bottom FYI (33%) and MYI (28%), could help to ensure growth and reproduction of ice-associated grazers despite the shift from a MYI to FYI-dominated sea-ice cover with ongoing climate warming.
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL GROUP INVESTIGATION BERBANTUAN AUDIOVISUAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA KELAS IV
Authors: Khasanah Iswatun 
Published: January 2021

Tujuan untuk menguji keefektifan model pembelajaran group investigation berbantuan media audiovisual terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SDN Gugus Ki Hajar Dewantara Rembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah eksperimen dan desain nonequivalent control group design. Teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah cluster random sampling, dengan sampel sebanyak 61 siswa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan dokumentasi. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa nilai thitung 3.481, sedangkan ttabel 2,485. thitung lebih besar dari ttabel (3.481 Ëƒ 2,485) yang berarti model pembelajaran group investigation berbantuan media audiovisual lebih efektif terhadap hasil belajar IPA. Hasil uji n-gain kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi yaitu nilai n-gain kelas kontrol adalah 0,25 dalam kriteria rendah sedangkan nilai n-gain kelas eksperimen adalah 0,36 dalam kriteria sedang. Pengamatan aktivitas siswa dengan lembar observasi menunjukkan rata-rata aktivitas siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi yaitu 74% dibandingkan kelas kontrol yaitu 65%. Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu model pembelajaran group investigation berbantuan media audiovisual efektif digunakan pada pembelajaran IPA siswa kelas IV SDN Gugus Ki Hajar Dewantara Rembang.
The aimed to test the effectiveness of the group investigation learning model assisted by audiovisual media on the science learning outcomes of fourth-grade students of Elementary School of Gugus Ki Hajar Dewantara Rembang. This research used quantitative methods. The type of research used experimental and non-equivalent control group design. The sampling technique was cluster random sampling, with a sample of 61 students. The data collection of this research used tests and documentation. The hypothesis test results showed that the value of the t-count was 3.481, while the t-table was 2.485. t-count was greater than t-table (3.481 Ëƒ 2.485) which means that the group investigation learning model assisted by audiovisual media was more effective in science learning outcomes. The results of the n-gain test for the experimental class were higher, the n-gain value for the control class was 0.25 in the low criteria, while the n-gain value for the experimental class was 0.36 in the moderate criteria. The observation of student activity with the observation sheet showed that the average student activity in the experimental class was higher, namely 74% compared to the control class, which is 65%. This study concluded that the group investigation learning model assisted by audiovisual media was effective in teaching science for fourth-grade students of Elementary School of Gugus Ki Hajar Dewantara Rembang.
ОЦІНКА ПОДАТКОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ МІСЦЕВИХ БЮДЖЕТІВ В РЕГІОНАХ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: Бачо Р.Й. , Потокі Г.Ф. , Иллар Е.Й. 
Published: January 2021

В статті науково обгрунтовано необхідність дослідження механізму забезпечення податкової спроможності місцевого самоврядування в регіонах України на прикладі м. Ужгород, адже в умовах політично-економічної кризи в Україні проблеми підвищення ролі місцевих податків і зборів в якості інструмента наповнення дохідної частини місцевих бюджетів залишаються вирішеними в неповній мірі.
Метою наукової статті є дослідження ролі місцевих податків і зборів як способу посилення децентралізаційних процесів в регіонах України та проведення аналізу податкового забезпечення м. Ужгорода Закарпатської області. Для розв’язання поставлених завдань у даній роботі використані такі методи наукового дослідження, як: порівняння, аналіз, синтез, економіко-статистичні методи, а також метод графічного зображення результатів дослідження. Науковою новизною отриманих результатів є удосконалення механізму системи місцевого оподаткування за рахунок впровадження змін щодо складу місцевих податкових платежів та окремих її елементів. Практичне значення наукового дослідження полягає в науковому обгрунтуванні існуючих складнощів проведення фінансової децентралізації в регіонах, що проявляється у високій залежності Закарпатської області у від дотацій та субвенцій, для усунення якої органам місцевого самоврядування необхідно нарощувати суми податкових надходжень (в першу чергу за рахунок надходжень від місцевих податків і зборів) та підвищувати автономність бюджету.
Зроблено висновок про що починаючи з 2016 року податкоспроможність регіону починає зростати, однак внаслідок високої залежності регіону від дотацій та субвенцій, органам місцевого самоврядування необхідно нарощувати суми податкових надходжень, в першу чергу за рахунок надходжень від місцевих податків і зборів, та підвищувати автономність місцевого бюджету.