bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucosal Inflammatory and Wound Healing Gene Programmes Reveal Targets for Stricturing Behaviour in Paediatric Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Haberman Yael , Minar Phillip , Karns Rebekah , Dexheimer Phillip J , Ghandikota Sudhir , Tegge Samuel , Shapiro Daniel , Shuler Brianne , Venkateswaran Suresh , Braun Tzipi , Ta Allison , Walters Thomas D , Baldassano Robert N , Noe Joshua D , Rosh Joel , Markowitz James , Dotson Jennifer L , Mack David R , Kellermayer Richard , Griffiths Anne M , Heyman Melvin B , Baker Susan S , Moulton Dedrick , Patel Ashish S , Gulati Ajay S , Steiner Steven J , LeLeiko Neal , Otley Anthony , Oliva-Hemker Maria , Ziring David , Gokhale Ranjana , Kim Sandra , Guthery Stephen L , Cohen Stanley A , Snapper Scott , Aronow Bruce J , Stephens Michael , Gibson Greg , Dillman Jonathan R , Dubinsky Marla , Hyams Jeffrey S , Kugathasan Subra , Jegga Anil G , Denson Lee A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Ileal strictures are the major indication for resective surgery in Crohn’s disease [CD]. We aimed to define ileal gene programmes present at diagnosis and linked with future stricturing behaviour during 5-year follow-up, and to identify potential small molecules to reverse these gene signatures.

Methods
Antimicrobial serologies and pre-treatment ileal gene expression were assessed in a representative subset of 249 CD patients within the RISK multicentre paediatric CD inception cohort study, including 113 that are unique to this report. These data were used to define genes associated with stricturing behaviour and for model testing to predict stricturing behaviour. A bioinformatics approach to define small molecules which may reverse the stricturing gene signature was applied.

Results
A total of 19 of the 249 patients developed isolated B2 stricturing behaviour during follow-up, while 218 remained B1 inflammatory. Using deeper RNA sequencing than in our previous report, we have now defined an inflammatory gene signature including an oncostatin M co-expression signature, tightly associated with extra-cellular matrix [ECM] gene expression, in those who developed stricturing complications. We further computationally prioritise small molecules targeting macrophage and fibroblast activation and angiogenesis which may reverse the stricturing gene signature. A model containing ASCA and CBir1 serologies and a refined eight ECM gene set was significantly associated with stricturing development by Year 5 after diagnosis {AUC (area under the curve) (95th CI [confidence interval]) = 0.82 [0.7–0.94)}.

Conclusions
An ileal gene programme for macrophage and fibroblast activation is linked to stricturing complications in treatment of naïve pediatric CD, and may inform novel small molecule therapeutic approaches.
Native and Edible Ornamental Plant Congeners Enhance Ecosystem Services Through Key Pest Avoidance and Multifunctionality in Residential Landscapes
Authors: Borden Matthew A , Dale Adam G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Tea scale, Fiorinia theae Green (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), has long been one of the most important pests of Ilex and Camellia plants, particularly in the southeastern United States. This exotic armored scale insect reduces host plant health and function, and often requires insecticide use, which poses risks to nontarget organisms. While the use of Ilex (Aquifoliales: Aquifoliaceae) and Camellia (Ericales: Theaceae) spp. as landscape ornamentals for aesthetic function is firmly established, we have a poor understanding of species-level susceptibility to F. theae. Additionally, two species, Ilex vomitoria Ait. and Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze are emerging tisane- and tea-producing commodities in the region, respectively. We propose that these consumable plants may be well-suited alternatives to their traditionally used ornamental congeners in residential landscapes where they may provide enhanced ecosystem services. However, the potential impact of key pests, like F. theae, on these species should be evaluated to anticipate pest pressure that may undermine or offset benefits. In this study, we examine six species within the known host range of tea scale, comparing nonnative I. cornuta Lindl. ‘Dwarf Burford,’ C. japonica L., C. sasanqua Thunb., and C. sinensis, along with native I. opaca Ait. and I. vomitoria. We found that plant species show a wide range of susceptibility to F. theae and associated damage, with the two native Ilex species and tea-producing C. sinensis displaying the least susceptibility. By reducing the impact of a key pest and considering other ecosystem service traits, these results may help guide more sustainable plant selection decisions where the goal is to integrate native and edible plants into residential landscapes.
Pericoronary adipose tissue computed tomography attenuation distinguishes different stages of coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lin Andrew , Nerlekar Nitesh , Yuvaraj Jeremy , Fernandes Katrina , Jiang Cathy , Nicholls Stephen J , Dey Damini , Wong Dennis T L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
Vascular inflammation inhibits local adipogenesis in pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) and this can be detected on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) as an increase in CT attenuation of PCAT surrounding the proximal right coronary artery (RCA). In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the utility of PCAT CT attenuation as an imaging biomarker of coronary inflammation in distinguishing different stages of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods and results
Sixty patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) were prospectively recruited to undergo CCTA within 48 h of admission, prior to invasive angiography. These participants were matched to patients with stable CAD (n = 60) and controls with no CAD (n = 60) by age, gender, BMI, risk factors, medications, and CT tube voltage. PCAT attenuation around the proximal RCA was quantified per-patient using semi-automated software. Patients with MI had a higher PCAT attenuation (−82.3 ± 5.5 HU) compared with patients with stable CAD (−90.6 ± 5.7 HU, P &lt; 0.001) and controls (−95.8 ± 6.2 HU, P &lt; 0.001). PCAT attenuation was significantly increased in stable CAD patients over controls (P = 0.01). The association of PCAT attenuation with stage of CAD was independent of age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors, epicardial adipose tissue volume, and CCTA-derived quantitative plaque burden. No interaction was observed for clinical presentation (MI vs. stable CAD) and plaque burden on PCAT attenuation.

Conclusion
PCAT CT attenuation as a quantitative measure of global coronary inflammation independently distinguishes patients with MI vs. stable CAD vs. no CAD. Future studies should assess whether this imaging biomarker can track patient responses to therapies in different stages of CAD.
Impact of three-dimensional global longitudinal strain for patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Iwahashi Noriaki , Kirigaya Jin , Abe Takeru , Horii Mutsuo , Toya Noriko , Hanajima Yohei , Takahashi Hironori , Akiyama Eiichi , Okada Kozo , Matsuzawa Yasushi , Maejima Nobuhiko , Hibi Kiyoshi , Kosuge Masami , Ebina Toshiaki , Tamura Kouichi , Kimura Kazuo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), predicting left ventricular (LV) remodelling (LVR) and prognosis is important. We explored the clinical usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) speckle-tracking echocardiography to predict LVR and prognosis in STEMI.

Methods and results
The study group comprised 255 first STEMI patients (65 years; 210 men) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention between April 2008 and May 2012 at Yokohama City University Medical Center. Baseline global longitudinal strain (GLS) was measured with two-dimensional (2D) and 3D speckle-tracking echocardiography. Within 48 of admission, standard 2D echocardiography and 3D full-volume imaging were performed, and 2D-GLS and 3D-GLS were calculated. Infarct size was estimated by 99mTc-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography. Echocardiography was performed at 1 year repeatedly in 239 patients. The primary endpoint was LVR, defined as an increase of 20% of LV end-diastolic volume index and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACE: cardiac death, non-fatal MI, heart failure, and ischaemic stroke) at 1 year, and the secondary endpoint was cardiac death and heart failure. Patients were followed for 1 year; 64, 25, and 16 patients experienced LVR, MACE, and the secondary endpoint, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that 3D-GLS was the strongest predictor of LVR (odds ratio = 1.437, 95% CI: 1.047–2.257, P = 0.02), MACE (odds ratio = 1.443, 95% CI: 1.240–1.743, P = 0.0002), and the secondary end point (odds ratio = 1.596, 95% CI: 1.17–1.56, P &lt; 0.0001). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that 3D-GLS was superior to 2D-GLS in predicting LVR and 1-year prognosis.

Conclusion
3D-GLS obtained immediately after STEMI is independently associated with LVR and 1-year prognosis.
Midterm complications of ROX arteriovenous coupler device, managed by targeted endovascular repair: a case report
Authors: Sultan Sherif , Mustafa Mohamed K E , Barrett Nora , Hynes Niamh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Resistant and uncontrolled hypertension prominently amplifies the risk of end-stage renal disease and fatal cardiovascular events. Therapeutic inertia, despite maximum tolerated anti-hypertensive medications, puts patients at high risk, thus non-pharmacologic therapies have been proposed. The ROX arteriovenous coupler (ROX, Medical Inc., San Clemente, CA, USA), initially developed for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, exploits the biomechanical effects of diverting arterial blood into a low-resistance, high-compliance venous segment, thereby decreasing arterial vascular resistance and blood pressure (BP).

Case summary
A 76-year-old male, non-smoker and non-diabetic with resistant primary hypertension presented to our institution with disabling claudication, lower limb swelling and right hip pain. He had concomitant saccular abdominal aortic and right iliac aneurysms. He had previously undergone renal denervation on two separate occasions yet continued to require increasing anti-hypertensive medications. He subsequently had an insertion of an ROX coupler device between his right external iliac artery and vein after failure of insertion into his left iliac system. He developed right hip and buttock pain and consequently underwent a total hip replacement and subsequent revision, which did not alleviate his symptoms. Ankle-brachial indices were reduced to 0.70 on the right limb and normal on the left. Insertion of the ROX coupler device was reversed with concomitant endovascular aortic repair.

Discussion
There is no clear consensus on reversal of the ROX coupler device. Endovascular aortic repair reversal of the ROX coupler device in this case was safe, effective, and improved symptoms including patient’s BP control and limb symptoms
Clinical features and outcomes of thoracic surgery patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Salmerón Jiménez María , Hermoso Alarza Fátima , Martínez Serna Ivan , Marrón Fernández Carmen , Meneses Pardo José Carlos , García Salcedo José Alberto , Torres Serna Alejandro , Manama Gama Mario Gustavo , Colmenares Mendoza Oscar Enrique , Diaz-Hellín Gude Vicente , Gamez García Antonio Pablo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The goal of this study was to describe the clinical features and outcomes of thoracic surgery patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

METHODS
Thirty-five patients were treated at the 12 de Octubre University Hospital in Madrid between 1 March 2020 and 24 April 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient demographics, surgical procedures, complications, COVID-19 symptoms and outcomes were recorded. A protocol was introduced to reduce the risk of operating on patients with COVID-19, including symptom screening, a polymerase chain reaction test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and computed tomography scans of the chest. Surgical activity changed significantly during this time, from an initial period of near-normal activity, through an emergency-only period and finally a recovery period when some oncological surgical cases were restarted. Selection criteria for surgical patients are also described.

RESULTS
A total of 34 patients underwent surgery during the pandemic period. We performed 22 lung resections (11 lobectomies and 11 sublobar resections). No hospital deaths were recorded. An elective surgery patient and an emergency surgery patient were diagnosed with COVID-19 (5.88%). The former died within 30 days after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 represents a tremendous limitation for thoracic surgical practice. Preoperative practices to exclude asymptomatic cases infected with the virus allowed us to perform thoracic surgical procedures.
Perspectives in surgical and anaesthetic management of lung cancer in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Fiorelli Silvia , Massullo Domenico , Ibrahim Mohsen , Piccioni Federico , Andreetti Claudio , Vanni Camilla , Rocco Monica , Rendina Erino Angelo , Menna Cecilia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Early in 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quickly spread globally, giving rise to a pandemic. In this critical scenario, patients with lung cancer need to continue to receive optimal care and at the same be shielded from infection with the potentially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Upgrades to the prevention and control of infection have become paramount in order to lower the risk of hospital contagion. Aerosol-generating procedures such as endotracheal intubation or endoscopic procedures may expose health care workers to a high risk of infection. Moreover, thoracic anaesthesia usually requires highly complex airway management procedures because of the need for one-lung isolation and one-lung ventilation. Therefore, in the current pandemic, providing a fast-track algorithm for scientifically standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment recommendations for patients with lung cancer is urgent. Suggestions for improving existing contagion control guidelines are needed, even in the case of non-symptomatic patients who possibly are responsible for virus spread. A COVID-19-specific intraoperative management strategy designed to reduce risk of infection in both health care workers and patients is also required.
Safety and efficacy of tracheotomy for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan: a case series of 14 patients
Authors: Aodeng Surita , Wang Weiqing , Chen Yu , Feng Guodong , Wang Jian , Lv Wei , Yang Hua , Ding Xin , Song Kaicheng , Zhao Sirui , Liu Jiazhen , Zhang Shuyang , Gao Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Critically ill patients often require prolonged intubation for mechanical ventilation to support breathing; thus, the artificial airway must be managed by tracheotomy. Therefore, studies exploring appropriate and safe methods for tracheotomy that minimize the risks of nosocomial transmission are important.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of 14 critically ill patients with COVID-19, who underwent bedside tracheotomy from March to April 2020 was conducted to summarize the indications for tracheotomy and key points related to personal protective equipment and surgical procedures.

RESULTS
All 14 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 and were critically ill. All tracheotomies were performed in the late phase of the infection course. The interval between the infection and tracheotomy was 33 days, and the median interval between intubation and tracheotomy was 25.5 days. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results of secretions from the operative incision and inside the tracheotomy tube were negative. Twelve patients improved after tracheotomy, with SpO2 levels maintained above 96%. One patient died of progressive respiratory failure; another patient died of uncontrolled septic shock. No medical staff who participated in the tracheotomy was infected.

CONCLUSIONS
Tracheotomy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 who meet the indications for tracheotomy potentially represents a safer approach to manage the airway and help improve the treatment outcomes. A tracheotomy performed in the late phase of the disease has a relatively low risk of infection. Adherence to key steps in the tracheotomy procedure and donning adequate personal protection will help medical staff avoid infection.
Extra-thoracic rupture of giant subclavian artery aneurysm
Authors: Savlania Ajay , Jain Prashant , Thakur Uttam Kumar , Singh Charan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Subclavian artery aneurysms are rare, but they are frequently responsible for limb or life-threatening complications. The clinical presentation, as supraclavicular mass to rupture, has been reported in literature, with management strategies being endovascular intervention to open conventional surgery. We report a case of giant subclavian artery aneurysm measuring 10 cm × 12 cm, which presented with a large anterior chest wall lump and massive bleed to our emergency department. We successfully treated this patient by ligating the aneurysm and evacuating the chest wall haematoma.
Negotiating the Illegal: On the United Nations and the Illegal Occupation of Palestine, 1967–2020
Authors: Imseis Ardi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article takes a critical look at the United Nations’ commitment to the international rule of law through an examination of its position on occupied Palestine post 1967. Occupation of enemy territory is meant to be temporary, and the occupying power may not rightfully claim sovereignty over such territory. Since 1967, Israel has systematically and forcibly altered the status of occupied Palestine, with the aim of annexing, de jure or de facto, most or all of it. While the UN has focused on the legality of Israel’s discrete violations of humanitarian and human rights law, it has paid scant attention to the legality of Israel’s occupation regime as a whole. By what rationale can it be said that Israel’s prolonged occupation of Palestine remains legal? This article argues that the occupation has become illegal for its systematic violation of at least three jus cogens norms. Although an increasing number of commentators have subscribed to this view, little attention has been paid to its relevant international legal consequences which dictate a paradigm shift away from negotiations as the condition precedent for ending the occupation, as unanimously affirmed by the international community through the UN.
Cyber Attribution: Technical and Legal Approaches and Challenges
Authors: Tsagourias Nicholas , Farrell Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Considering the role of attribution in the law of state responsibility, this article examines the technical and international law methodologies and determinants used when attributing malicious cyber activities falling below the use-of-force threshold to a state, and identifies the challenges that arise which lead to responsibility gaps. The article goes on to discuss a number of proposals that aim to improve the effectiveness of the attribution process and also close some of the existing responsibility gaps. They include institutional proposals envisaging the creation of an international attribution agency; normative proposals advocating the revision of the legal determinants of attribution; and proposals concerning the standard of proof. The aim of the article is to reconstruct the theory and practice of cyber attribution in order to enhance the regulatory potential of international law in this area.
The Sheldon Friel Memorial Lecture 2020 It’s not just about the teeth: Patient-centred Orthodontics*
Authors: Cunningham Susan J 
Published: August 2020

Summary
The provision of high-quality health care involves many different aspects, including safety, effectiveness, efficiency, and patient centredness. In order for care to be truly patient centred requires patients’ views being sought and considered, and this may be achieved through patient-centred research. Patient-centred research is fundamentally important in contemporary health care and has many benefits; for example, it ensures that research is relevant, identifies those aspects of care that are important to patients, provides information that is important to current and future patients, and allows the integration of patients’ views regarding how services may be enhanced in the future.
This paper provides an overview of how we currently involve patients in orthodontic research, what this means to the specialty and how we can enhance patient involvement in the future.
Life-course risk factors are associated with activity of daily living disability in older adults
Authors: Macinko James , Vaz de Melo Mambrini Juliana , Bof de Andrade Fabíola , Drumond Andrade Flavia Cristina , Lazalde Gabriela E , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Multiple risk factors accumulate over the life-course and contribute to higher rates of disability at older ages. This study investigates whether three life-course risk factors (low educational attainment, poor health in childhood and multimorbidity) are associated with increased risk of disability [defined as any limitation in basic activities of daily living (BADL)] in older adults and whether this relationship is moderated by the national socioeconomic context, measured by the Human Development Index (HDI).

Methods
Data include 100 062 adults (aged 50 and over) participating in longitudinal studies of aging conducted in 19 countries. Analyses include multivariable Poisson models with robust standard errors to assess the associations between HDI, life-course risk factors and other individual-level control variables (sex and age) with any BADL disability.

Results
In country-specific analyses, both educational attainment and multimorbidity are independently associated with disability in nearly every country. The interaction between these risk factors further increases the magnitude of this association. In pooled regression analyses, the relationship between life-course risk factors and disability is moderated by a country’s HDI. For individuals with all three life-course risk factors, the predicted probability of disability ranged from 36.7% in the lowest HDI country to 21.8% in the highest HDI country.

Conclusions
Social and health system policies directed toward reducing the development of life-course risk factors are essential to reduce disability in all countries, but are even more urgently needed in those with lower levels of socioeconomic development.