bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping and accuracy assessment of siltation of recharge dams using remote sensing technique
Authors: Rajendran Sankaran , Nasir Sobhi , Jabri Khalifa Al 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates the use of ASTER data to map the siltation of the Al-Khod Dam constructed at the lower reaches of Samail Catchment area, north Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. In this study, the decorrelated image of spectral bands 6, 3, and 1 clearly discriminated the distribution of siltation. The occurrence of siltation is confirmed by the detection of minerals using the VNIR-SWIR bands by the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) method. In addition, the siltation of the dam is studied for the years 1987 to 2018 using Landsat satellite images. Interpretation of images showed a gradual increase of the siltation. Mapping accuracy for the occurrence of siltation is assessed by a confusion matrix which produced an overall accuracy of 97.88% and Kappa coefficient of 0.98 in the Maximum Likelihood method. Results of image analyses are verified in the field and confirmed through laboratory analyses. The study of spectral absorption characters of field samples using a Portable Infrared Mineral Analyzer (PIMA) showed the presence of OH molecule bearing minerals (clays, serpentines, etc.) and carbonate minerals (calcite and dolomite) in the silt deposits. The occurrence of these minerals is confirmed further by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses.
Females have higher myocardial perfusion, blood volume and extracellular volume compared to males – an adenosine stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance study
Authors: Nickander Jannike , Themudo Raquel , Sigfridsson Andreas , Xue Hui , Kellman Peter , Ugander Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKnowledge on sex differences in myocardial perfusion, blood volume (MBV), and extracellular volume (ECV) in healthy individuals is scarce and conflicting. Therefore, this was investigated quantitatively by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Healthy volunteers (n = 41, 51% female) underwent CMR at 1.5 T. Quantitative MBV [%] and perfusion [ml/min/g] maps were acquired during adenosine stress and at rest following an intravenous contrast bolus (0.05 mmol/kg, gadobutrol). Native T1 maps were acquired before and during adenosine stress, and after contrast (0.2 mmol/kg) at rest and during adenosine stress, rendering rest and stress ECV maps. Compared to males, females had higher perfusion, ECV, and MBV at stress, and perfusion and ECV at rest (p < 0.01 for all). Multivariate linear regression revealed that sex and MBV were associated with perfusion (sex beta −0.31, p = 0.03; MBV beta −0.37, p = 0.01, model R2 = 0.29, p < 0.01) while sex and hematocrit were associated with ECV (sex beta −0.33, p = 0.03; hematocrit beta −0.48, p < 0.01, model R2 = 0.54, p < 0.001). Myocardial perfusion, MBV, and ECV are higher in female healthy volunteers compared to males. Sex is an independent contributor to perfusion and ECV, beyond other physiological factors that differ between the sexes. These findings provide mechanistic insight into sex differences in myocardial physiology.
Far-UVC light (222 nm) efficiently and safely inactivates airborne human coronaviruses
Authors: Buonanno Manuela , Welch David , Shuryak Igor , Brenner David J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA direct approach to limit airborne viral transmissions is to inactivate them within a short time of their production. Germicidal ultraviolet light, typically at 254 nm, is effective in this context but, used directly, can be a health hazard to skin and eyes. By contrast, far-UVC light (207–222 nm) efficiently kills pathogens potentially without harm to exposed human tissues. We previously demonstrated that 222-nm far-UVC light efficiently kills airborne influenza virus and we extend those studies to explore far-UVC efficacy against airborne human coronaviruses alpha HCoV-229E and beta HCoV-OC43. Low doses of 1.7 and 1.2 mJ/cm2 inactivated 99.9% of aerosolized coronavirus 229E and OC43, respectively. As all human coronaviruses have similar genomic sizes, far-UVC light would be expected to show similar inactivation efficiency against other human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2. Based on the beta-HCoV-OC43 results, continuous far-UVC exposure in occupied public locations at the current regulatory exposure limit (~3 mJ/cm2/hour) would result in ~90% viral inactivation in ~8 minutes, 95% in ~11 minutes, 99% in ~16 minutes and 99.9% inactivation in ~25 minutes. Thus while staying within current regulatory dose limits, low-dose-rate far-UVC exposure can potentially safely provide a major reduction in the ambient level of airborne coronaviruses in occupied public locations.
Ursodeoxycholic acid improves feto-placental and offspring metabolic outcomes in hypercholanemic pregnancy
Authors: Borges Manna Luiza , Papacleovoulou Georgia , Flaviani Flavia , Pataia Vanessa , Qadri Asaad , Abu-Hayyeh Shadi , McIlvride Saraid , Jansen Eugene , Dixon Peter , Chambers Jennifer , Vazquez-Lopez Marta , Wahlström Annika , Kitaba Negusse , Marschall Hanns-Ulrich , Godfrey Keith M. , Lillycrop Karen , Williamson Catherine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPerturbations in the intrauterine environment can result in lifelong consequences for metabolic health during postnatal life. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) can predispose offspring to metabolic disease in adulthood, likely due to a combination of the effects of increased bile acids, maternal dyslipidemia and deranged maternal and fetal lipid homeostasis. Whereas ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a commonly used treatment for ICP, no studies have yet addressed whether it can also prevent the metabolic effects of ICP in the offspring and fetoplacental unit. We therefore analyzed the lipid profile of fetal serum from untreated ICP, UDCA-treated ICP and uncomplicated pregnancies and found that UDCA ameliorates ICP-associated fetal dyslipidemia. We then investigated the effects of UDCA in a mouse model of hypercholanemic pregnancy and showed that it induces hepatoprotective mechanisms in the fetal liver, reduces hepatic fatty acid synthase (Fas) expression and improves glucose tolerance in the adult offspring. Finally, we showed that ICP leads to epigenetic changes in pathways of relevance to the offspring phenotype. We therefore conclude that UDCA can be used as an intervention in pregnancy to reduce features of metabolic disease in the offspring of hypercholanemic mothers.
RNA-seq reveals altered gene expression levels in proximal tubular cell cultures compared to renal cortex but not during early glucotoxicity
Authors: Nilsson Linnéa M. , Castresana-Aguirre Miguel , Scott Lena , Brismar Hjalmar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCell cultures are often used to study physiological processes in health and disease. It is well-known that cells change their gene expression in vitro compared to in vivo, but it is rarely experimentally addressed. High glucose is a known trigger of apoptosis in proximal tubular cells (PTC). Here we used RNA-seq to detect differentially expressed genes in cultures of primary rat PTC, 3 days old, compared to cells retrieved directly from rat outer renal cortex and between PTC exposed to 15 mM glucose and control for 8 h. The expression of 6,174 genes was significantly up- or downregulated in the cultures of PTC compared to the cells in the outer renal cortex. Most altered were mitochondrial and metabolism related genes. Gene expression of proapoptotic proteins were upregulated and gene expression of antiapoptotic proteins were downregulated in PTC. Expression of transporter related genes were generally downregulated. After 8 h, high glucose had not altered the gene expression in PTC. The current study provides evidence that cells alter their gene expression in vitro compared to in vivo and suggests that short-term high glucose exposure can trigger apoptosis in PTC without changing the gene expression levels of apoptotic proteins.
Genetic variation in NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 immune sensors and risk of osteoporosis
Authors: Soyocak Ahu , Özgen Merih , Turgut Coşan Didem , Kurt Hülyam , Doğaner Fulya , Armağan Onur , Değirmenci İrfan , Şahin Mutlu Fezan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the relationship between NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 gene polymorphisms and osteoporosis in the Turkish population. The first time we thought that the functional polymorphisms in NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 genes might have triggered the development of osteoporosis. The objective of our study was to determine the relationship between NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 SNPs and osteoporosis. The NOD1/CARD4 (rs5743336) and NOD2/CARD15 (rs2066847) SNPs were analyzed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 94 healthy controls and 164 subjects with osteoporosis. PCR products were digested with restriction enzymes AvaI for NOD1/CARD4 and ApaI for NOD2/CARD15. We found that NOD1/CARD4 genotype distribution of AA, GA and GG were 15, 44 and 41% for patients and 17, 46 and 37% for controls, respectively. NOD2/CARD15 mutation was found only in three patients (1.8%) as heterozygote. The results did not show any statistical difference between NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 genotype distribution of patients and healthy groups (χ2 = 1.740, P=0.187; χ2 = 1.311, P=0.519). However, the most frequent AG genotype (46%) of NOD1/CARD4 was observed in healthy controls, GG genotype (44%) of NOD1/CARD4 was observed as the most frequent in osteoporotic patients. NOD2/CARD15 WT/WT genotype, the most frequent genotype, was observed in both groups. Statistical analysis revealed that NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 polymorphisms are not associated with osteoporosis. However, a definite judgement is difficult to be made due to restricted number of patients and small size of control group. Further research is sorely warranted in this direction.
Speech-Language Pathologists' Ratings of Telegraphic Versus Grammatical Utterances: A Survey Study
Authors: Venker Courtney E. , McDaniel Jena , Yasick Megan 
Published: June 2020

Purpose

It is common for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to simplify their utterances when talking to children with language delays, but there is disagreement about whether simplified utterances should be grammatical (e.g.,
Daddy is running, See the cookie?
) or telegraphic (e.g.,
Daddy running, See cookie?
). This study examined the extent to which SLPs reported grammatical versus telegraphic utterances to sound like something they would say and investigated whether results differed based on SLPs' perspectives about the usefulness of telegraphic input.

Method
Ninety-three practicing SLPs completed an online survey. SLPs rated the extent to which a list of telegraphic and grammatical utterances sounded like something they would say to a child with a language delay who is prelinguistic or at the one- or two-word stages of spoken language development.

Results
SLPs who did not view telegraphic input as useful or felt neutral about this issue rated grammatical utterances to sound significantly more like something they would say than telegraphic utterances. However, findings differed for SLPs who viewed telegraphic input as useful. There was no significant difference in the extent to which these SLPs reported grammatical versus telegraphic utterances to sound like something they would say.

Conclusions
As incorrect language models, telegraphic utterances are counterexamples to the grammatical structure of English that may make it more difficult for learners to detect regularities in the language input they hear. Unless empirical evidence emerges in support of telegraphic input, it may be beneficial to maximize grammatical input provided to children with language delays.
Sicherheit der pflanzenbasierten Ernährungsformen in der Schwangerschaft für Mutter und Kind
Authors: Obeid Rima , Pannenbäcker Arved 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Sicherheit einer mütterlichen streng veganen Diät während der Schwangerschaft wird oft infrage gestellt, insbesondere in Anbetracht ihres Mangels an essenziellen Nährstoffen wie Eisen und Vitamin B12. Studienergebnisse hierzu sind widersprüchlich – nicht zuletzt aufgrund der Vielfalt an vegetarischen oder veganen Ernährungsformen und der geringen Zahl kontrollierter Studien.
Psychosoziale Arbeitsbelastung von Ärzten in der HNO-Facharztweiterbildung
Authors: Shabli Sami , Heuermann Katharina , Leffers David , Kriesche Franziska , Raspe Matthias , Möllenhoff Kathrin , Abrams Nils , Yilmaz Murat , Dahlem Kilian , Deitmer Thomas , Dietz Andreas , Rauch Ann-Kathrin 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Eine erhöhte psychosoziale Arbeitsbelastung kann negativen Einfluss auf die Gesundheit haben. Ein probates Mittel zur Erfassung ist das Gratifikationskrisenmodell. Eine Einordung dieser Betrachtung für HNO-Ärzte in Weiterbildung in Deutschland liegt bislang nicht vor, sodass eine erste Umfrage zur aktuellen Weiterbildungssituation durchgeführt wurde.
Material und Methoden Die Online-Umfrage beinhaltete die Kurzfassung des validierten Fragebogens zum Gratifikationskrisenmodell nach Siegrist. Die Umfrage wurde per E-Mail an alle HNO-Assistenzärzte in Deutschland, die der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie bekannt waren, von April bis Juli 2019 versandt.
Ergebnisse Bei den Teilnehmern lag in 92,3 % eine Gratifikationskrise vor, ER-Ratio über 1. Der Mittelwert betrug 1,57 ± 0,43, adjustiert 2,16 ± 1,36. Die Verausgabungsskala lag bei 10,71 ± 1,40 (3–12), adjustiert 85,72 ± 15,52, die Belohnungsskala bei 16,58 ± 2,86 (7–28), adjustiert 45,61 ± 13,63, die Verausgabungsneigung bei 17 ± 3,37 (6–24), adjustiert 61,14 ± 18,73. Eine hohe ER-Ratio war positiv signifikant korreliert hinsichtlich der Dauer der Weiterbildungszeit, der Anzahl an Arbeitsstunden/Woche und der Anzahl an geleisteten Diensten im Monat.
Schlussfolgerung Die erfasste hohe psychosoziale Arbeitsbelastung ist vergleichbar mit Assistenzärzten anderer Fachrichtungen. Sie steht in Zusammenhang mit hoher Arbeitszeit (Stunden, Dienste) und mit dem Fortschritt der Weiterbildung. Die Belastung kann mithilfe von Selbstinitiative verbessert werden und könnte mit der Unterstützung der klinikinternen Akteure ergänzt werden.
DGP-Empfehlungen zur pneumologischen Rehabilitation bei COVID-19
Authors: Glöckl R. , Buhr-Schinner H. , Koczulla A. R. , Schipmann R. , Schultz K. , Spielmanns M. , Stenzel N. , Dewey S. 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund der Pandemie durch Infektionen mit dem SARS-CoV-2 hat die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DGP e. V.) die Sektion 12 „Rehabilitation, Prävention und Tabakkontrolle“ beauftragt, Empfehlungen zur Umsetzung pneumologischer Rehabilitation bei Patienten nach COVID-19 zu erstellen. Dieses Positionspapier basiert auf dem momentanen aktuellen Wissen, das sich täglich weiterentwickelt. Neben einer Beschreibung der gesundheitlichen Folgen von COVID-19 wird die Indikationsstellung aufgezeigt. Rehabilitative Therapien bei COVID-19 sind bereits auf der Normalstation bzw. Intensivstation indiziert, setzen sich fort als pneumologische Frührehabilitation im Akutkrankenhaus und als Anschlussheilbehandlung oder Reha-Heilverfahren in pneumologischen Rehabilitationskliniken. Im Fokus dieses Positionspapiers stehen Empfehlungen zur inhaltlichen Durchführung einer multimodalen, interdisziplinären pneumologischen Rehabilitation bei COVID-19.
The transition to family caregiving and its effect on biomarkers of inflammation
Authors: Roth David L. , Haley William E. , Sheehan Orla C. , Huang Jin , Rhodes J. David , Durda Peter , Howard Virginia J. , Walston Jeremy D. , Cushman Mary 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Family caregiving has been proposed as a type of chronic stress that may lead to health risks through increased systemic inflammation. However, most previous studies of caregiving and inflammation have used small convenience samples and compared caregivers with poorly characterized noncaregiving controls. In this prospective investigation of 480 participants over a 9-y period, only one of six biomarkers showed a significantly larger increase in persons who became caregivers over that time period compared with noncaregiving controls. The size of this one effect was small, and no biomarker effects were found for a subset of strained spouse caregivers of persons with dementia. The findings are consistent with other population-based studies and suggest minimal systemic inflammation in response to chronic caregiving stress.
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase promotes the inflammatory and autophagy responses in Huntington disease
Authors: Sharma Manish , Rajendrarao Sumitha , Shahani Neelam , Ramírez-Jarquín Uri Nimrod , Subramaniam Srinivasa 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Huntington disease (HD) is a genetic disorder caused by glutamine-expansion in the huntingtin (mHTT) protein, which affects motor, psychiatric, and cognitive function, but the mechanisms remain unclear. mHTT is known to induce DNA damage and affect autophagy, both associated with inflammatory responses, but what mediates all these were unknown. Here we report that cGAS, a DNA damage sensor, is highly upregulated in the striatum of a mouse model and HD human patient’s tissue. We found ribosomes, which make proteins, are robustly accumulated on the cGAS mRNA in HD cells. cGAS depletion decreases—and cGAS expression increases—both inflammatory and autophagy responses in HD striatal cells. Thus, cGAS is a therapeutic target for HD. Blocking cGAS will prevent/slow down HD symptoms.
Maximal fat oxidation capacity is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy young adults
Authors: Montes‐de‐Oca‐García Adrián , Perez‐Bey Alejandro , Corral‐Pérez Juan , Velázquez‐Díaz Daniel , Opazo‐Díaz Edgardo , Fernandez‐Santos Jorge R. , Rebollo‐Ramos María , Amaro‐Gahete Francisco J. , Cuenca‐García Magdalena , Ponce‐González Jesús‐Gustavo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is unknown whether resting fat oxidation (RFO), maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and FatMax (intensity at which MFO is reached) are related to cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Thus the aim of this study was to examine the association of RFO, MFO and FatMax with CMR. 81 healthy adults (n = 31 women; 22.72 ± 4.40 years) participated in this cross‐sectional study. Glucose and triglycerides were analysed in plasma. Body composition, anthropometry, physical activity, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate measurements were taken. RFO and MFO were determined through indirect calorimetry. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test was performed until exhaustion after MFO test. The CMR cluster was created from individual CMR factors: waist circumference, body fat percentage, systolic BP, diastolic BP, blood glucose and plasma triglycerides. Groups of high and low MFO and VO2max were created. RFO was not associated with CMR (p < 0.05). FatMax, MFO and VO2max were associated with individual CMR factors as waist circumference (R 2 = 0.144; R 2 = 0.241; R 2 = 0.285; p = 0.001; respectively) and plasma triglycerides (R 2 = 0.111; p = 0.004 and R 2 = 0.130; p = 0.002 and R 2 = 0.093; p = 0.008; respectively) and clustered CMR factors (R 2 = 0.105; p = 0.008 and R 2 = 0.162; p = 0.001 and R 2 = 0.239; p = 0.001; respectively). VO2max was also associated with body fat percentage (R 2 = 0.105; p = 0.003) and diastolic BP (R 2 = 0.083; p = 0.01), even adjusting for sex or age (p < 0.05). Groups with high level of MFO or VO2max obtained lower CMR (p = 0.001), even adjusting for sex or age (p < 0.01). FatMax, MFO and, especially, VO2max are associated with CMR, regardless of age and sex. However, RFO is not associated with CMR.
Mesoscopic interference for metric and curvature & gravitational wave detection
Authors: Marshman Ryan J , Mazumdar Anupam , Morley Gavin W , Barker Peter F , Hoekstra Steven , Bose Sougato 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A compact detector for space-time metric and curvature is highly desirable. Here we show that quantum spatial superpositions of mesoscopic objects could be exploited to create such a detector. We propose a specific form for such a detector and analyse how asymmetries in its design allow it to directly couple to the curvature. Moreover, we also find that its non-symmetric construction and the large mass of the interfered objects, enable the detection gravitational waves (GWs). Finally, we discuss how the construction of such a detector is in principle possible with a combination of state of the art techniques while taking into account the known sources of decoherence and noise. To this end, we use Stern–Gerlach interferometry with masses ∼10−17 kg, where the interferometric signal is extracted by measuring spins and show that accelerations as low as 5 × 10−15  ms−2 Hz−1/2, as well as the frame dragging effects caused by the Earth, could be sensed. The GW sensitivity scales differently from the stray acceleration sensitivity, a unique feature of the proposed interferometer. We identify mitigation mechanisms for the known sources of noise, namely gravity gradient noise, uncertainty principle and electro-magnetic forces and show that it could potentially lead to a metre sized, orientable and vibrational noise (thermal/seismic) resilient detector of mid (ground based) and low (space based) frequency GWs from massive binaries (the predicted regimes are similar to those targeted by atom interferometers and LISA).
Effect of litter size, kidding age, mating weight, and kidding weight on partial cumulative milk yields in G1 Sapera goat
Authors: Anggraeni A , Saputra F , Kumalawati D S , Sumantri C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Milk Production of the dairy goat is influenced by genetic and non-genetic factors. Crossbred dairy goat of Sapera (50% Saanen, 50% PE) has been formed by the Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP). Genetic improvement of milk production is the main trait considered in forming Sapera goat, so the effects of non-genetic factors on milk production should be investigated. Effects of litter size, kidding age, mating weight and kidding weight were examined on weekly cumulative milk yields (week 1-14) in Generation 1 (G1) Sapera goat (28 heads) at RIAP. General Linear Model for unbalanced data was used to study the effects of those four factors, while mean differences among subfactors were tested by the Duncan test. The G1 Sapera does had kidding age, litter size, mating weight, and kidding weight successively 4.22±1.45 yrs old, 2.07±0.55, 49.0±11.43 kg, and 44.4±11.75 kg. Higher litter sizes resulted in more milk yields, but litter size effects decreased by the lengthening lactation. Kidding age at ≥ 5 yrs old produced higher milk yields than the younger does (3 and 4 years old). The mating weight did not affect milk yields, while does having kidding weigh ≥ 70 kg resulted from lower milk than other weights. Considerable variation for various partial cumulative milk yields among G1 Sapera does have a good indication for possible selection on milk production in Sapera dairy goat.