bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of bariatric surgery in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Almazeedi S , El-Abd R , Al-Khamis A , Albatineh A N , Al-Sabah S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Obesity increases the risk of multiple co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and most cancers, including colorectal cancer. Currently, the literature presents conflicting results regarding the protective effects of bariatric surgery on the incidence of colorectal cancer. This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on the risk of developing colorectal cancer in obese individuals.

Methods
Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles. Articles published by the end of December 2018 were retrieved; data were extracted according to evidence-based PICO (population, intervention, control, outcome) model and analysed using a random-effects model to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR) and its 95 per cent confidence interval. The heterogeneity of studies was tested and quantified using Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. Meta-regression was used to investigate the association of year of study, region, mean length of follow-up and sample size with RR.

Results
Seven articles, involving a total of 1 213 727 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of the RR was 0·64 (95 per cent c.i. 0·42 to 0·98). The test of asymmetry found no significant publication bias. Meta-regression showed that sample size was a statistically significant factor (P = 0·037), but year of publication, region and mean duration of follow-up were not significant.

Conclusion
Patients who underwent bariatric surgery had a greater than 35 per cent reduction in the risk of developing colorectal cancer compared with obese individuals who had no surgery.
Sexualised video games, sexist attitudes and empathy towards victims of rape: Correlational evidence for a relationship is minimal in an online study
Authors: Ferguson Christopher J. , Colwell John 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is continued debate about whether sexualisation in games can influence sexist attitudes and reduced empathy towards women in real life. There is research evidence both supporting and refuting the possibility.AimsOur aim was to examine the relationship between sexualised content in video games and players' sexist attitudes and empathy. Our research question was, do any such relationships exist once other factors including gender and trait aggression are controlled?MethodsAn online sample of 125 participants were recruited and asked to rate their video game playing experience, complete a trait aggression scale and record responses to a vignette about rape. Scores were first correlated, and then hierarchical multiple regression was employed followed by PROCESS examination of interactions between sexualised game content and trait aggression.ResultsExposure to sexualised content in video games was neither correlated with higher sexist attitude ratings nor with lower empathy scores. Sexualised content in games was associated with slightly lower sexist belief scores for those with higher scores on trait aggression (the 12.8% of our current sample at one standard deviation above the mean). No effects were observed for those low in trait aggression.Conclusions and ImplicationsWhile it is natural to be concerned about the impact of potentially arousing video games, actual effects may be counterintuitive, so if seeking to regulate, it is important to act from actual information. Further research with groups of particular concern will be important.
Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Primary Amines Using Geobacillus stearothermophilus Amine Dehydrogenase Variant
Authors: Tseliou Vasilis , Knaus Tanja , Vilím Jan , Masman Marcelo F. , Mutti Francesco G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA NADH‐dependent engineered amine dehydrogenase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (LE‐AmDH‐v1) was applied together with a NADH‐oxidase from Streptococcus mutans (NOx) for the kinetic resolution of pharmaceutically relevant racemic α‐chiral primary amines. The reaction conditions (e. g., pH, temperature, type of buffer) were optimised to yield S‐configured amines with up to >99 % ee.
Development of an Intelligent Photosensitive Antibacterial Wound Dressing: Simultaneous Detection and Treatment of Bacterial Infection for Accelerated Wound Healing
Authors: Zhou Qian , Wang Jing , Liang Yuehui , Yang Hao , Li Qunliang , Li Qingyun , Liao Dankui , Liu Youyan , Liu Hai‐Bo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAntibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is an encouraging therapy modality for bacterial infection. In this work, trithiophene aldehyde (3T‐CHO) as a new photosensitizers was isolated from Herba Ecliptae, and tryptophan (Trp) modified 3T‐CHO improve water solubility and reduced phototoxicity. The photosensitizer‐loaded vesicles were incorporated into a gel scaffold to obtain a wound dressing with detection and antibacterial function. Detection of the presence of pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, based on the fluorescence signals was highly efficient and sensitive. The cytotoxin produced by the pathogenic bacteria to induce vesicle lysis, thereby the photosensitive antibacterial agent was released from the vesicle to realize the simultaneous intelligent detection and treatment of pathogenic bacteria. Compared with traditional dressings coated with antibiotics, the synthesized dressing avoids the drawback of pathogenic bacteria developing drug resistance. The proposed microbiologically responsive wound dressing could be used as a general methodology for the design and fabrication of bacterium‐responsive functional biomaterials.
Lighting Up DNA with the Environment‐Sensitive Bright Adenine Analogue qAN4
Authors: Füchtbauer Anders F. , Wranne Moa S. , Sarangamath Sangamesh , Bood Mattias , El‐Sagheer Afaf H. , Brown Tom , Gradén Henrik , Grøtli Morten , Wilhelmsson L. Marcus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe fluorescent adenine analogue qAN4 was recently shown to possess promising photophysical properties, including a high brightness as a monomer. Here we report the synthesis of the phosphoramidite of qAN4 and its successful incorporation into DNA oligonucleotides using standard solid‐phase synthesis. Circular dichroism and thermal melting studies indicate that the qAN4‐modification has a stabilizing effect on the B‐form of DNA. Moreover, qAN4 base‐pairs selectively with thymine with mismatch penalties similar to those of mismatches of adenine. The low energy absorption band of qAN4 inside DNA has its peak around 358 nm and the emission in duplex DNA is partly quenched and blue‐shifted (ca. 410 nm), compared to the monomeric form. The spectral properties of the fluorophore also show sensitivity to pH; a property that may find biological applications. Quantum yields in single‐stranded DNA range from 1–29 % and in duplex DNA from 1–7 %. In combination with the absorptive properties, this gives an average brightness inside duplex DNA of 275 M−1 cm−1, more than five times higher than the most used environment‐sensitive fluorescent base analogue, 2‐aminopurine. Finally, we show that qAN4 can be used to advantage as a donor for interbase FRET applications in combination with adenine analogue qAnitro as an acceptor.
Mitigating bribery risks to strengthen the corporate social responsibility in accordance with the ISO 37001
Authors: Veselovská Lenka , Závadský Ján , Závadská Zuzana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe main aim of this research is to develop an innovative Bribery Risk Index (BRI) to measure organization's level of bribery risk in accordance with the ISO 37001 to strengthen the corporate social responsibility and to verify it under the conditions of selected enterprises. The value of this paper is mainly in providing a possible tool to handle the problem of bribery that has not been successfully solved. The ISO 37001 provides general areas where bribery risks could originate in organization, but it does not provide a specific list of risk factors. It is up to companies to create such risk factors, and this paper provides a possible solution to this challenge by creating a complex list of bribery risk factors and incorporating them into one indicator—the BRI. As such, the proposed BRI is an original approach to assessing an organization's level of bribery risk. The results were achieved through four case studies. The first step was risk management application for bribery risk analysis according to ISO 37001. Findings were used to create a list of criteria with specific importance and consequently the creation of a BRI. The proposed index can also serve to compare organizations' levels of bribery risk regardless of their size and serve in bribery prevention because it identifies the areas in the enterprise where the risk of bribery can be significant and can affect the ability of the organization to perform its functions for its stakeholders.
Combining contention‐based access and dynamic service period allocation for performance improvement in IEEE 802.11ad mmWave WLAN
Authors: Rajan M. N. Upama , Babu A. V. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn IEEE 802.11ad millimeter wave wireless LANs, the directional multi‐giga bit stations (DMGSTAs) use contention‐based access periods (CBAPs) and scheduled service periods (SPs) for medium access. The STAs carrying non‐QoS traffic use CBAPs, while SPs are allocated for STAs carrying high QoS applications. During CBAP, the STAs use enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) scheme. Further, 802.11ad advocates dynamic allocation of SP for guaranteed data transmission based on a centralized polling scheme. The standard advocates that the coverage area around the access point can be divided into several sectors, and the total CBAP shall be divided among the sectors on a time sharing basis. The STAs residing within a sector simultaneously contend during the CBAP fraction of that sector. However, such STAs have to defer their transmission attempts and wait for the designated CBAP fraction of the succeeding beacon interval (BI), if the residual time in the current CBAP fraction is not sufficient for a frame transmission. This leads to very high delay and reduced throughput. The objective of this paper is to propose an efficient hybrid medium access control scheme, where the deferred STAs during CBAP are scheduled again by utilizing the unallocated slots in the SP of the same BI. We describe an analytical model for the throughput and the average frame delay, under the proposed scheme, and compare the performance against the legacy scheme, where the STAs use CBAP alone for channel access. The analytical and simulation results establish that the proposed scheme significantly improves the throughput and reduces the average frame delay.
Geochemistry of the Late Cretaceous Pandan Formation in Cebu Island, Central Philippines: Sediment contributions from the Australian plate margin during the Mesozoic
Authors: Rodrigo Jerali D. , Gabo‐Ratio Jillian Aira S. , Queaño Karlo L. , Fernando Allan Gil S. , de Silva Leopoldo P. , Yonezu Kotaro , Zhang Yu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Late Cretaceous Pandan Formation in Cebu Island is one of the oldest sedimentary units in the Central Philippines. The inconsistencies in geological descriptions and interpretation of the depositional environment of the Pandan Formation complicated efforts to determine the origin and tectonic history of the basement of Cebu Island. This study therefore looks into the petrological and geochemical characteristics of the Pandan Formation and their implications for the tectonic development of the Philippine Arc during the late Mesozoic. Petrographic analyses indicate significant contribution from mafic sources with additional inputs from felsic rocks, siliciclastics and metamorphic sources. Enrichment of detrital quartz from felsic volcanic and plutonic rocks, as well as from siliciclastic and metamorphic sources, has shifted the SiO2 composition of the Pandan clastics from a mafic to a more intermediate source. Whole‐rock geochemical analyses revealed low SiO2/Al2O3 = 4.21, low K2O/Na2O = 1.16, low Th/Sc = 0.13, low Th/U = 2.78, high La/Th = 4.51, significantly low REEs = ca 76.45 ppm and low LaN/YbN = 4.28. A slight negative chondrite‐normalized Eu/Eu* (0.91) anomaly and significantly high PAAS‐normalized positive Eu/Eu* (1.39) values are consistent with derivation from a young undissected magmatic arc terrane. Tectonic discrimination diagrams suggest formation in an oceanic island arc to active margin/collision zone modelled to be located at the oceanic leading edge of Australia. Rapid uplift and erosion of the magmatic arc and older allochthonous blocks gave way to the rapid deposition of the Pandan Formation in the Late Cretaceous at the subequatorial region.
Total ecosystem carbon stocks of mangroves across broad global environmental and physical gradients
Authors: Kauffman J. Boone , Adame Maria Fernanda , Arifanti Virni Budi , Schile‐Beers Lisa M. , Bernardino Angelo F. , Bhomia Rupesh K. , Donato Daniel C. , Feller Ilka C. , Ferreira Tiago O. , Jesus Garcia Maria del Carmen , MacKenzie Richard A. , Megonigal J. Patrick , Murdiyarso Daniel , Simpson Lorae , Hernández Trejo Humberto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMangroves sequester large quantities of carbon (C) that become significant sources of greenhouse gases when disturbed through land‐use change. Thus, they are of great value to incorporate into climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. In response, a global network of mangrove plots was established to provide policy‐relevant ecological data relating to interactions of mangrove C stocks with climatic, tidal, plant community, and geomorphic factors. Mangroves from 190 sites were sampled across five continents encompassing large biological, physical, and climatic gradients using consistent methodologies for the quantification of total ecosystem C stocks (TECS). Carbon stock data were collected along with vegetation, physical, and climatic data to explore potential predictive relationships. There was a 28‐fold range in TECS (79–2,208 Mg C/ha) with a mean of 856 ± 32 Mg C/ha. Belowground C comprised an average 85% of the TECS. Mean soil depth was 216 cm, ranging from 22 to >300 cm, with 68 sites (35%) exceeding a depth of 300 cm. TECS were weakly correlated with metrics of forest structure, suggesting that aboveground forest structure alone cannot accurately predict TECS. Similarly, precipitation was not a strong predictor of TECS. Reasonable estimates of TECS were derived via multiple regression analysis using precipitation, soil depth, tree mass, and latitude (R2 = 0.54) as variables. Soil carbon to a 1 m depth averaged 44% of the TECS. Limiting analyses of soil C stocks to the top 1 m of soils result in large underestimates of TECS as well as in the greenhouse gas emissions that would arise from their conversion to other land uses. The current IPCC Tier 1 default TECS value for mangroves is 511 Mg C/ha, which is only 60% of our calculated global mean. This study improves current assessments of mangrove C stocks providing a foundation necessary for C valuation related to climate change mitigation. We estimate mangroves globally store about 11.7 Pg C: an aboveground carbon stock of 1.6 Pg C and a belowground carbon stock of 10.2 Pg C). The differences in the estimates of total ecosystem carbon stocks based on climate, salinity, forest structure, geomorphology, or geopolitical boundaries are not as much of an influence as the choice of soil depth included in the estimate. Choosing to limit soils to a 1 m depth resulted in estimates of <5 Pg whereas those that included the soil profile >1 m depth resulted in global carbon stock estimates that exceeded 11.2 Pg C.
Low fibre intake is associated with gut microbiota alterations in chronic heart failure
Authors: Mayerhofer Cristiane C.K. , Kummen Martin , Holm Kristian , Broch Kaspar , Awoyemi Ayodeji , Vestad Beate , Storm‐Larsen Christopher , Seljeflot Ingebjørg , Ueland Thor , Bohov Pavol , Berge Rolf K. , Svardal Asbjørn , Gullestad Lars , Yndestad Arne , Aukrust Pål , Hov Johannes R. , Trøseid Marius 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsRecent reports have suggested that patients with heart failure (HF) have an altered gut microbiota composition; however, associations with diet remain largely uninvestigated. We aimed to explore differences in the gut microbiota between patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction and healthy controls, focusing on associations with diet and disease severity.Methods and resultsThe microbiota composition of two cross‐sectional cohorts (discovery, n = 40 and validation, n = 44) of patients with systolic HF and healthy controls (n = 266) was characterized by sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The overall microbial community (beta diversity) differed between patients with HF and healthy controls in both cohorts (P < 0.05). Patients with HF had shifts in the major bacterial phyla, resulting in a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio than controls (P = 0.005). Patients reaching a clinical endpoint (listing for heart transplant or death) had lower bacterial richness and lower F/B ratio than controls (P < 0.01). Circulating levels of trimethylamine‐N‐oxide were associated with meat intake (P = 0.016), but not with gut microbiota alterations in HF. Low bacterial richness and low abundance of several genera in the Firmicutes phylum were associated with low fibre intake.ConclusionsThe gut microbiota in HF was characterized by decreased F/B ratio and reduced bacterial diversity associated with clinical outcome. The gut microbiota alterations in HF were partly related to low fibre intake, emphasizing the importance of diet as a covariate in future studies. Our data could provide a rationale for targeting the gut microbiota in HF with high‐fibre diet.
Anti‐inflammatory diet and risk of heart failure: two prospective cohort studies
Authors: Kaluza Joanna , Levitan Emily B. , Michaëlsson Karl , Wolk Alicja 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTAimThe impact of the anti‐inflammatory potential of diet on risk of heart failure (HF) and the potential modification of this association by smoking, a trigger of systemic inflammation, has not been previously investigated. We examined the association between anti‐inflammatory potential of diet and risk of HF taking into account smoking status.Methods and resultsThe study population included the Cohort of Swedish Men (40 514 men) and the Swedish Mammography Cohort (34 809 women), age 45–83 years, without HF, ischaemic heart disease, or cancer at baseline. Anti‐inflammatory potential of diet was estimated using an anti‐inflammatory diet index (AIDI; 0–16 scores). Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for HF risk factors. Over a mean follow‐up of 14.9 years (1 119 110 person‐years, 1998–2014), 8161 new HF diagnoses (4443 in men, 3718 in women) were identified. Compared to the lowest quintile of the AIDI (scores ≤4), the HRs for men and women in the highest quintile (scores ≥8) were 0.92 (95% CI 0.84–1.02; P‐trend = 0.02) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.78–0.96; P‐trend = 0.001), respectively. An inverse association between the AIDI and HF incidence was observed in current and ex‐smokers but not in never‐smokers (P‐interaction = 0.046). Comparing extreme quintiles, the HRs were 0.86 (95% CI 0.74–1.00; P‐trend = 0.007) in current smokers, 0.81 (95% CI 0.71–0.92; P‐trend = 0.001) in ex‐smokers, and 0.95 (95% CI 0.86–1.06; P‐trend = 0.10) in never‐smokers.ConclusionThese results suggest that adherence to a diet with high anti‐inflammatory potential may be associated with lower HF incidence in current and ex‐smokers.
Associations between Oil Yield and Profile of Fatty Acids, Sterols, Squalene, Carotenoids, and Tocopherols in Seed Oil of Selected Japanese Quince Genotypes during Fruit Development
Authors: Mišina Inga , Sipeniece Elise , Rudzińska Magdalena , Grygier Anna , Radzimirska‐Graczyk Monika , Kaufmane Edīte , Segliņa Dalija , Lācis Gunārs , Górnaś Paweł 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTocopherols, phytosterols, carotenoids, and squalene are present in mature seeds of Japanese quince. Yet, little is known about the relationship between these compounds and oil yield during fruit and seed development. The profile change of lipophilic compounds during fruit and seed development in Japanese quince cultivars “Darius,” “Rondo,” and “Rasa” is investigated. It is shown here that during fruit and seed development, there is a significant reduction, three‐ to over tenfold, in the concentration of minor bioactive compounds in seed oil. It is recorded that delay between synthesis of tocopherols and oil in Japanese quince seeds during the fruit development results in a logarithmic relationship between the oil content and tocopherols concentration in the seed oil (R2 = 0.980). Similar trends are observed between oil yield and phytosterols, and carotenoids (R2 = 0.927 and R2 = 0.959, respectively). The profile of fatty acids during the development of the seeds significantly is changed. The reduction of linoleic, palmitic, and gondoic acids levels and increment of oleic acid is noted. The oil content, profile of fatty acids, and concentration of bioactive compounds in all three genotypes of Japanese quince do not change significantly statistically during the last month of fruit development.Practical Applications: Some fruits are harvested at different degrees of maturity mainly due to a logistic issue and uneven ripening of fruits, which affects the chemical composition of whole fruit including seeds. Therefore, it would be good to know how the chemical composition is changing in plant material during development especially in the last month before harvest. Production of Japanese quince continues to rise year to year and with it the volume of generated by‐products such as seeds. This study demonstrates how it changes the oil content, profile of fatty acid, and concentration of tocopherols, squalene, phytosterols, and carotenoids in the seeds and seed oil of three Japanese quince cultivars “Rondo,” “Darius,” and “Rasa” during plant development. The provided information can be very useful for the manufactories oriented on the processing of by‐products, mainly seeds, generated by other branches of industry, for instance, fruit‐processing.