bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐ and three‐dimensional optical coherence tomography to differentiate degenerative changes in a rat meniscectomy model
Authors: Kushida Yoshihisa , Ozeki Nobutake , Mizuno Mitsuru , Katano Hisako , Otabe Koji , Tsuji Kunikazu , Koga Hideyuki , Kishima Koichiro , Soma Yoshio , Sekiya Ichiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is an attractive tool for evaluating cartilage. We developed an OCT system that reconstructs and analyzes a three‐dimensional (3D) OCT image by determining the cartilage surface and cartilage‐bone boundary from the image taken with currently available OCT devices. We examined the usefulness of 3D renderings of OCT images. In a rat meniscectomized model, the tibia was harvested after 0, 2, 4, or 8 weeks (n = 6). We scanned 300 slices in the y‐plane to cover a 4 × 3 × 6‐mm section (x‐plane; 10 µm × 400 pixels, y‐plane; 10 µm × 300 pixels, z‐plane; 12.66 µm × 500 pixels) of the medial tibial cartilage. The cartilage surface line and the cartilage‐bone boundary were plotted semi‐automatically. Slices from 300 two‐dimensional (2D) sequential images were systematically and visually checked and corrected, as necessary. We set a region of interest in the cartilage and quantified the cartilage volume in the 3D image. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) histological score was also obtained. The cartilage volume determined using 3D OCT images was 0.291 ± 0.022 mm3 in the normal, 0.264 ± 0.009 mm3 at 2 weeks, 0.210 ± 0.012 mm3 at 4 weeks, and 0.205 ± 0.011 mm3 at 8 weeks. The cartilage volume significantly decreased at 4 and 8 weeks and was significantly correlated with the OARSI histological score (r = −0.674; P = .002). Although the 3D image information could be obtained from the 2D images, the 3D OCT images provided easier‐to‐understand information because the 3D reconstructed cartilage provided information about the smoothness of the surface, the area, and depth of the defect at a glance.
Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Patients With Short‐Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Wan Songlin , Yang Jianbo , Gao Xuejin , Zhang Li , Wang Xinying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundNonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is prevalent in critical illness and is associated with poor outcomes. However, only few studies have focused on the relationship between NTIS and short‐bowel syndrome (SBS). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, etiology, and prognosis of NTIS and its correlation with clinical variables in adult patients with SBS.MethodsSixty‐one eligible adults diagnosed with SBS, from December 2016 to December 2018, were retrospectively identified from a prospectively maintained database. Demographic and clinical characteristics (including thyroid hormones and nutrition variables) were evaluated for each participant.ResultsThe prevalence of NTIS in adults with SBS was 52.5%. Patients with NTIS tended to have a longer duration of hospital stay and poor survival, but the results were not significant. A decreased, standard thyroid‐stimulating hormone index and sum activity of deiodinases and an increased secretory capacity by the thyroid were observed in the NTIS group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) had better performance for distinguishing NTIS from patients with euthyroidism, with an area under the curve of 0.862 (cutoff, 101.0; sensitivity, 0.813; and specificity, 0.800).ConclusionsNTIS is a common complication in adult patients with SBS. Patients with NTIS tend to have a worse nutrition status and poor prognosis. A potential pituitary thyrotroph dysfunction and hypodeiodination condition may play a role in the pathophysiology of NTIS in SBS. Furthermore, IGF‐1 is a meaningful predictor for distinguishing NTIS from euthyroid.
Effect of pullulan concentration and pH on the interactions between whey protein concentrate and pullulan during gelation
Authors: Zhang Minghao , Sun Haiyue , Liu Yankai , Wang Yu , Piao Chunhong , Cai Dan , Wang Yuhua , Liu Jingsheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhey protein concentrate (WPC)/pullulan (PUL) hydrogel is applied as a microencapsulation wall material to protect probiotics. However, the interactions between WPC and PUL during gelation have not been clarified. In the present study, the effects of PUL concentration and pH on the interactions between WPC and PUL during gelation were evaluated with respect to appearance, zeta‐potential, sulfhydryl group amount, surface hydrophobicity and infrared spectroscopy measurements. The rheological properties of WPC/PUL gels were also determined.RESULTSThe results obtained showed that a proper concentration (0.40 g mL–1) of PUL could improve the gel by enhancing the strength of hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions and exposure of hydrophobic groups, whereas too much PUL inhibited the formation of disulfide bonds. Furthermore, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds were destroyed in varying degrees under an alkaline environment. The rheological results also demonstrated a similar effect of PUL concentration and pH on the storage modulus (G') of WPC/PUL gels.CONCLUSIONWhen the WPC/PUL gel was formed at PUL concentration of 0.40 g mL–1 and pH 7.0, the interaction between WPC and PUL could be enhanced, which is beneficial for the future application of WPC/PUL gels in the food industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of Radioiodine Treatment on Doppler Flow Parameters in the Central Retinal Artery and Ophthalmic Artery in Patients With Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Walasik‐Szemplińska Dorota , Kamiński Grzegorz , Sudoł‐Szopińska Iwona 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify changes in Doppler flow parameters in the central retinal artery (CRA) and ophthalmic artery (OA) that could be indicative of de novo development of thyroid‐associated orbitopathy in the early period after radioiodine treatment.MethodsEighty‐two patients with hyperthyroidism were enrolled: 44 with Graves disease and 38 with toxic nodular goiter. In both groups, blood flow parameters in the CRA and OA were analyzed before and 2 and 4 weeks after radioiodine administration. The peak systolic velocity and end‐diastolic velocity (EDV) were evaluated, and the resistive index (RI) was calculated.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in the peak systolic velocity, EDV or RI between groups at baseline and 4 weeks after radioiodine administration. Two weeks after radioiodine administration, the RI in the CRA (P = .034) and EDV in the OA (P = .026) were significantly lower, and the EDV in the CRA (P = .004) was higher in patients with Graves disease than in patients with toxic nodular goiter. There was an inverse correlation between baseline thyrotropin receptor autoantibody (TRAb) levels and the difference between the RI at weeks 4 and 2 (RI3‐RI2) in the CRA (r = −0.458; P < .05) and a positive correlation between the baseline anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibody concentration and RI3‐RI2 in the OA (r = 0.435; P < .05).ConclusionsAdministration of radioiodine results in more prominent features of hyperkinetic circulation. Patients with Graves disease and high TRAb titers have a lower sensitivity to radioiodine treatment. High TRAb titers suggest higher disease activity and a weaker therapeutic effect of radioiodine.
Hydrogen embrittlement of nodular cast iron
Authors: Sahiluoma Patrik , Yagodzinskyy Yuriy , Forsström Antti , Hänninen Hannu , Bossuyt Sven 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFerritic nodular cast iron, intended for use as the material for inserts of canisters for long‐term geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel, was studied for hydrogen sensitivity. In the canisters, the insert provides the mechanical strength against external loads. Hydrogen was charged from 0.1 N H2SO4 solution in free‐corrosion tests and under controlled cathodic potential. Hydrogen uptake and trapping were then measured using thermal desorption spectroscopy. The hydrogen desorption rate after hydrogen charging manifests two distinct peaks. Plastic deformation during hydrogen charging increases the hydrogen uptake considerably. Hydrogen reduces the elongation to fracture and time to fracture in slow strain rate testing and constant load testing (CLT), respectively. Especially, the strain rate in CLT is dramatically increased. The appearance of hydrogen‐induced cracking in the ferrite phase changes from ductile dimple fracture to brittle cleavage fracture due to hydrogen charging, which initiates from the interphases of the graphite nodules. The results are discussed in terms of the role of hydrogen and the graphite nodules in hydrogen embrittlement of ductile cast iron.
Modelling daily soil temperature at different depths via the classical and hybrid models
Authors: Mehdizadeh Saeid , Ahmadi Farshad , Kozekalani Sales Ali 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSoil temperature (ST) is one of the crucial variables of soil and it plays a fundamental role in different research scopes such as underground soil physical and agricultural applications. The study explores the modelling performance of a time series‐based model (i.e. bi‐linear, BL), and an artificial intelligence‐based approach including adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), for modelling the daily ST of different soil depths (5, 10, 50 and 100 cm). The study also develops and proposes two diverse types of the hybrid models through coupling the ANFIS with the BL and wavelet analysis (W) to improve the accuracy of the ST modelling. Two stations in Iran (i.e. Isfahan and Urmia) were selected as the study locations. The results demonstrated that the ANFIS generally presented better results than the BL. Furthermore, the hybrid models (i.e. W‐ANFIS and ANFIS‐BL) gave superior performances than the classical ANFIS and BL for modelling the daily ST of the studied areas at various soil depths. In addition to the local evaluation of the ANFIS (i.e. modelling the ST at a specific depth by using the original ST data at that depth), an external analysis was also conducted. In doing so, the daily ST data at a 5 cm depth were modelled via the corresponding ST data at a 10 cm depth, and vice versa. The results denoted the applicability of the ST data at another depth for modelling the ST of each specific/target depth.
Slice‐selective extended phase graphs in gradient‐crushed, transient‐state free precession sequences: An application to MR fingerprinting
Authors: Ostenson Jason , Smith David S. , Does Mark D. , Damon Bruce M. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeSlice‐selective, gradient‐crushed, transient‐state sequences such as those used in MR fingerprinting (MRF) relaxometry are sensitive to slice profile effects. Whereas balanced steady‐state free precession MRF profile effects have been studied, less attention has been given to gradient‐crushed MRF forms. Extensions of the extended phase graph (EPG) formalism, called slice‐selective EPG (ssEPG), are proposed that model slice profile effects.Theory and methodsThe hard‐pulse approximation to slice‐selective excitation in the spatial domain is reformulated in k‐space. Excitation is modeled by standard EPG shift and transition operators. This ssEPG modeling is validated against Bloch simulations and phantom slice profile measurements. ssEPG relaxometry accuracy and variability are compared with other EPG methods in phantoms and human leg in vivo. The role of ∆B0 interactions with slice profile and gradient crushers is investigated.ResultsSimulations and slice profile measurements show that ssEPG can model highly dynamic slice profile effects of gradient‐crushed sequences. The MRF ssEPG T2 estimates over 0 < T2 < 100 ms improve accuracy by > 10 ms at some values relative to other modeling approaches. Small deviations in B0 can produce substantial bias in T2 estimations from a range of MRF sequence types, and these effects can be modeled and understood by ssEPG.ConclusionTransient‐state, gradient‐crushed sequences such as those used in MRF are sensitive to slice profile effects, and these effects depend on RF pulse choice, gradient crusher strength, and ∆B0. It was found ssEPG was the most accurate EPG‐based means to model these effects.
Accelerating cardiac cine MRI using a deep learning‐based ESPIRiT reconstruction
Authors: Sandino Christopher M. , Lai Peng , Vasanawala Shreyas S. , Cheng Joseph Y. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo propose a novel combined parallel imaging and deep learning‐based reconstruction framework for robust reconstruction of highly accelerated 2D cardiac cine MRI data.MethodsWe propose DL‐ESPIRiT, an unrolled neural network architecture that utilizes an extended coil sensitivity model to address SENSE‐related field‐of‐view (FOV) limitations in previously proposed deep learning‐based reconstruction frameworks. Additionally, we propose a novel neural network design based on (2+1)D spatiotemporal convolutions to produce more accurate dynamic MRI reconstructions than conventional 3D convolutions. The network is trained on fully sampled 2D cardiac cine datasets collected from 11 healthy volunteers with IRB approval. DL‐ESPIRiT is compared against a state‐of‐the‐art parallel imaging and compressed sensing method known as

‐ESPIRiT. The reconstruction accuracy of both methods is evaluated on retrospectively undersampled datasets (R = 12) with respect to standard image quality metrics as well as automatic deep learning‐based segmentations of left ventricular volumes. Feasibility of DL‐ESPIRiT is demonstrated on two prospectively undersampled datasets acquired in a single heartbeat per slice.ResultsThe (2+1)D DL‐ESPIRiT method produces higher fidelity image reconstructions when compared to

‐ESPIRiT reconstructions with respect to standard image quality metrics (P < .001). As a result of improved image quality, segmentations made from (2+1)D DL‐ESPIRiT images are also more accurate than segmentations from

‐ESPIRiT images.ConclusionsDL‐ESPIRiT synergistically combines a robust parallel imaging model and deep learning‐based priors to produce high‐fidelity reconstructions of retrospectively undersampled 2D cardiac cine data acquired with reduced FOV. Although a proof‐of‐concept is shown, further experiments are necessary to determine the efficacy of DL‐ESPIRiT in prospectively undersampled data.
A variable resolution approach for improved acquisition of hyperpolarized 13C metabolic MRI
Authors: Gordon Jeremy W. , Autry Adam W. , Tang Shuyu , Graham Jasmine Y. , Bok Robert A. , Zhu Xucheng , Villanueva‐Meyer Javier E. , Li Yan , Ohilger Michael A. , Abraham Maria Roselle , Xu Duan , Vigneron Daniel B. , Larson Peder E. Z. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo ameliorate tradeoffs between a fixed spatial resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) for hyperpolarized 13C MRI.MethodsIn MRI, SNR is proportional to voxel volume but retrospective downsampling or voxel averaging only improves SNR by the square root of voxel size. This can be exploited with a metabolite‐selective imaging approach that independently encodes each compound, yielding high‐resolution images for the injected substrate and coarser resolution images for downstream metabolites, while maintaining adequate SNR for each. To assess the efficacy of this approach, hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate data were acquired in healthy Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 4) and in two healthy human subjects.ResultsCompared with a constant resolution acquisition, variable‐resolution data sets showed improved detectability of metabolites in pre‐clinical renal studies with a 3.5‐fold, 8.7‐fold, and 6.0‐fold increase in SNR for lactate, alanine, and bicarbonate data, respectively. Variable‐resolution data sets from healthy human subjects showed cardiac structure and neuro‐vasculature in the higher resolution pyruvate images (6.0 × 6.0 mm2 for cardiac and 7.5 × 7.5 mm2 for brain) that would otherwise be missed due to partial‐volume effects and illustrates the level of detail that can be achieved with hyperpolarized substrates in a clinical setting.ConclusionWe developed a variable‐resolution strategy for hyperpolarized 13C MRI using metabolite‐selective imaging and demonstrated that it mitigates tradeoffs between a fixed spatial resolution and SNR for hyperpolarized substrates, providing both high resolution pyruvate and coarse resolution metabolite data sets in a single exam. This technique shows promise to improve future studies by maximizing metabolite SNR while minimizing partial‐volume effects from the injected substrate.
Musculoskeletal ultrasound for traumatic and torsional alterations
Authors: Strakowski Jeffry A. , Chiou‐Tan Faye Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe sonographic appearance of soft tissue can be altered by trauma and positional change with torsional stress. This creates challenges for ultrasonographic interpretation, because most descriptive literature and standard instructional references are displayed in anatomically neutral or other conventional positions. Knowledge of anatomic alteration and changes in sonographic appearance with torsional stress is essential for accurately assessing soft tissue abnormalities in conditions of spasticity, traumatic and post‐surgical changes, and other conditions that distort musculoskeletal relationships. A systematic scanning approach to these alterations is needed for accurate diagnostic interpretation, optimizing electrode placement for electrodiagnostic techniques, effective needle placement for therapeutic ultrasound‐guided procedures, and even planning for restorative surgery. This review describes expected positional changes of normal structures with torsional alteration, as well as sonographic recognition of scars, burns, hematomas, fat layer fracture, Morel‐Lavallee lesions, abscesses, foreign bodies, myotendinous lesions, muscle injury and denervation, and traumatic peripheral nerve injury.
Satisfaction with ankle foot orthoses in individuals with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease
Authors: Zuccarino Riccardo , Anderson Kirsten M. , Shy Michael E. , Wilken Jason M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnkle foot orthoses (AFOs) are commonly prescribed to individuals with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT). The aim of this study was to evaluate patient reported satisfaction with orthotic devices and services in individuals with CMT to provide preliminary data for advancing AFO development and improving clinical care.MethodsThe Orthotics and Prosthetics Users Survey was distributed via e‐mail through the Inherited Neuropathy Consortium (INC) Contact Registry and includes 11 device‐specific questions and 10 service‐related questions. Participants were also asked open‐ended questions about their experiences with AFOs.ResultsThree hundred and fourteen individuals completed the survey. Over one‐third of participants provided negative responses, including dislike of AFO appearance, discomfort, abrasions or irritations, and pain. Ratings of orthotic services were generally positive.ConclusionsLower scores related to discomfort, abrasions and pain identified areas for AFO improvement. Continued research in these areas will be beneficial to informing and advancing AFO development and improving clinical care.
Agreement between patient global impression scale of improvement, pelvic floor distress inventory and 15D in measuring the outcome of pelvic organ prolapse surgery
Authors: Mattsson Nina K. , Karjalainen Päivi , Heikkinen Anna‐Mari , Nieminen Kari , Jalkanen Jyrki , Tolppanen Anna‐Maija 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the correlation between three commonly used patient‐reported outcome measures, two generic and one condition‐specific instrument, in assessing the change in health‐related quality of life following pelvic organ prolapse surgery.MethodsThe generic health‐related quality of life measure 15‐dimensional instrument (15D), Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I), and prolapse‐specific Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PDFI‐20) were used to assess the effectiveness of pelvic organ prolapse surgery in the national FINPOP study of 3535 surgeries (83% of all pelvic organ prolapse operations) performed in Finland in 2015. Spearman correlations between PGI‐I, change in 15D and its dimensions and change in PFDI‐20 and its subscales over a 2‐year follow‐up were investigated. The proportion of concordant ratings was also studied by investigating the proportion of women rated similarly (worse/no change/better/much better) by two instruments according to validated cutoffs.ResultsAmong 2248 women for whom the 2‐year change in all instruments could be measured, changes in PFDI‐20 and 15D and its dimensions were weak (ρ < 0.2 for all except excretion; ρ = 0.39 and sexual activity; ρ = 0.27). PFDI‐20 change (ρ = 0.39) and its subscales (ρ = 0.19‐0.40, all P < .001) were more strongly correlated with PGI‐I. The proportion of fully concordant ratings were higher for PFDI‐20 and PGI‐I (50.6%) than for PFDI‐20 and 15D (33.0%).ConclusionThe weak correlations between 15D, PGI‐I, and PDFI‐20 observed in this study show that the quantified health gains are strongly dependent on the chosen patient‐reported outcome measures. This demonstrates the importance of using condition‐specific sensitive outcome measures in assessing the impact of surgical treatment in pelvic organ prolapse.
“Brothers in arms”: Activity‐related skeletal changes observed on the humerus of individuals buried with and without weapons from the 10th‐century CE Carpathian Basin
Authors: Tihanyi Balázs , Berthon William , Kis Luca , Váradi Orsolya Anna , Dutour Olivier , Révész László , Pálfi György 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInvestigation of warfare‐related lifestyle based on the activity‐induced skeletal changes is of great interest for bioarchaeologists. Numerous studies have described various skeletal traces connected to the regular practice of different types of weapons. However, methodological problems, such as the multifactorial aetiology of these presumed activity‐related skeletal changes, make it difficult to evaluate which changes are reliable in the identification and characterisation of a given class of individuals in a population. This paper aims to find significant morphological and metric differences on the humerus between individuals buried with and without weapons. We focused on the Hungarian Conquest period (10th‐century CE) collection of Sárrétudvari‐Hízóföld, characterised by a high number of burials associated with weapons and, especially, archery‐related equipment. Only adult males were selected for this study to decrease the influence of nonmechanical factors, such as age and sex. We analysed the bones for the presence of entheseal changes, joint changes, morphological variants, and traumas. The selection of these markers relied on anatomical and sport traumatological data. We also calculated indices of robusticity and shape based on the external measurements of the humerus. The values were compared according to the presence (armed group) or absence (unarmed group) of weapon deposits in the graves. An independent group of nonwarriors from the documented Luís Lopes Skeletal Collection (Lisbon) was also used for comparison.In general, the armed group exhibited higher rates of changes, and statistical tests revealed significant intergroup differences concerning certain entheseal changes and indices of robusticity and shape.Although the multifactorial aetiology of skeletal changes highly limits the possible interpretations, our results suggest that a set of morphological and metric features on the humerus is indicative of the practice of activities including archery and other fighting techniques. We assess that the further analysis of activity‐related changes of the upper limb bones will contribute to the recognition of the presence of warriors at a populational level.