bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young adolescents’ experiences and views on eating and food
Authors: Gilmour Alice , Gill Steve , Loudon Gareth 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Poor eating habits established during adolescence are likely to lead to negative long-term health consequences. The childhood obesity epidemic is a growing public health concern, largely attributed to obesogenic environments. This study aims to explore the multiple factors contributing positively or negatively to young consumers’ attitudes towards their food consumption.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 42 11- to 13-years-old (24 men and 18 women) from three secondary schools in Wales participated in five focus group discussions. The process of thematic analysis resulted in several identified themes that influenced young consumers’ eating habits.

Findings
Extrapersonal factors compromised: education, peer pressure, parenting, availability and social media; and intrapersonal factors included: health consciousness, taste preferences, convenience and price consciousness. Contrary to previous research, the adolescent participants perceived their parents as more influential than their peer group, even during decision-making in the school canteen.

Practical implications
These research findings are beneficial for policy-makers working to develop an age-appropriate multi-factorial approach to promote healthful dietary practices amongst young consumers. For instance, increasing easily accessible food-to-go choices that are not only convenient to purchase and consume but also healthful could improve dietary intake.

Originality/value
A novel connection between peer pressure and convenience was discovered. Multiple factors contribute to young consumers’ attitudes towards food and their dietary habits.
Is (it) time to leave eternity behind? Rethinking Bildung's implicit temporality
Authors: Hogstad Kjetil Horn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Motivated by Gadamer's identification of Bildung's ‘Vorbild-Bildung-Nachbild’ (model-process-result) structure, a historical tracing of the Christian messianic heritage in Bildung is conducted. As Bildung grows into an educational concept with global aspirations, this heritage might prove a substantial theoretical obstacle. As an alternative to the Christian messianic conception of time, Crockett and Malabou's concept ‘plastic time’ is presented. Whereas Christian messianic time collects its drive from the eternal which is (not) to come, plastic time collects its drive from the ‘synaptic gap’ instead, the creative and constructive space located and organised in the human body. Crockett and Malabou argue that plastic time might allow the deconstruction of Christianity, and, this article suggests, consequently also of Bildung. A formulation of Bildung that can go beyond Western thinking would be a shift that might have consequences for education generally.
Familial factors may not explain the effect of moderate‐to‐heavy cannabis use on cognitive functioning in adolescents: a sibling‐comparison study
Authors: Ellingson Jarrod M. , Ross J. Megan , Winiger Evan , Stallings Michael C. , Corley Robin P. , Friedman Naomi P. , Hewitt John K. , Tapert Susan F. , Brown Sandra A. , Wall Tamara L. , Hopfer Christian J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine whether moderate adolescent cannabis use has neurocognitive effects that are unexplained by familial confounds, which prior family‐controlled studies may not have identified.DesignA quasi‐experimental, sibling‐comparison design was applied to a prospective, observational study of adolescents with moderate cannabis use. Participants were recruited from 2001 to 2006 (mean age = 17 years). A second wave of data was collected from 2008 to 2013 (mean age = 24 years).SettingTwo US metropolitan communities.ParticipantsA total of 1192 adolescents from 596 families participated in this study. Participants were primarily male (64%) and racially and ethnically diverse (non‐Hispanic white = 45%). A sibling in each family was a clinical proband identified due to delinquent behaviors. Whereas prior family‐controlled studies have used samples of primarily infrequent cannabis users (mean = 1–2 days/month), participants here endorsed levels of cannabis use comparable to findings from epidemiological cohort studies (mean = 7–9 days/month).MeasurementsSemi‐structured clinical interviews assessed drug use, and a neuropsychological battery assessed cognitive abilities. Covariates included age at assessment, gender and alcohol use.FindingsAfter correcting for multiple testing, a greater frequency and earlier onset of regular cannabis use were associated with poorer cognitive performance, specifically on tests of verbal memory. Further, after accounting for familial factors shared by siblings and alcohol use, poorer verbal memory performance was still associated with greater life‐time frequency of cannabis use at wave 1 [b = −0.007 (−0.002, −0.012), adjustedP = 0.036]; earlier cannabis use at wave 2 [b = −0.12 (−0.05, −0.19), adjustedP = 0.006;b = −0.14 (−0.06, −0.23), adjustedP = 0.006]; and greater frequency of past 6 months use at wave 2 [b = −0.02 (−0.01, −0.03), adjustedP = 0.002;b = −0.02 (−0.01, −0.03), adjustedP = 0.008].ConclusionsModerate adolescent cannabis use may have adverse effects on cognitive functioning, specifically verbal memory, that cannot be explained by familial factors.
Notointybia gen. nov., a new genus of the Australian soft‐winged flower beetles (Coleoptera: Melyridae)
Authors: Liu Zhenhua , Ślipiński Adam , Pang Hong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new Australian genus Notointybia gen. nov. is established for three species formerly placed in Laius Guérin‐Méneville, Dicranolaius Champion or Intybia Pascoe. It can be separated from the other apalochrine genera by the following characters combined: pronotum with complete lateral carinae, basal antennomeres modified and fore tarsi four‐segmented or five‐segmented and without combs on the second segment in male specimens. The new genus includes Laius cavicornis Lea, 1909, Laius filamentarius Lea, 1917 (type species), Laius hackeri Lea, 1914 and a new species Notointybia maculosa sp. nov. from Queensland. We designate lectotypes for L. cavicornis Lea, 1909, L. hackeri Lea, 1914 and L. filamentarius Lea, 1917. The taxonomic position of Notointybia and its phylogenetic relationship with related genera remain unsolved, requiring a comprehensive molecular study of world Apalochrini.
‘I used to be a gardener’: Connecting aged care residents to gardening and to each other through communal garden sites
Authors: Fielder Hannah , Marsh Pauline 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore residential aged care facility (RACF) residents’ use of communal garden sites as spaces for gardening and social connection.MethodsPhenomenological inquiry using semi‐structured interviews with 13 residents, family members and staff of a rural RACF.ResultsInterest, ability and willingness to engage in communal garden sites were evident but limited by multiple factors. Data highlighted the complexities of accessing gardens, gardening and other people. An enduring identity as a gardener provided a framework for maintaining a link between gardening, finding meaning and maintaining a sense of self.ConclusionCommunal garden sites can improve quality of life and enable connectedness for RACF residents. However, a range of personal, attitudinal, institutional and resource‐related challenges create barriers to gardening, and in the RACF isolation and inactivity persist. We conclude that these challenges might be overcome through provision of physical and emotional support for positive risk‐taking, autonomy and access to the outside to continue gardening.
Diagnosing, managing and preventing anaphylaxis: Systematic review
Authors: de Silva Debra , Singh Chris , Muraro Antonella , Worm Margitta , Alviani Cherry , Cardona Victoria , DunnGlvin Audrey , Garvey Lene Heise , Riggioni Carmen , Angier Elizabeth , Arasi Stefania , Bellou Abdelouahab , Beyer Kirsten , Bijlhout Diola , Bilo M. Beatrice , Brockow Knut , Fernandez‐Rivas Montserrat , Halken Susanne , Jensen Britt , Khaleva Ekaterina , Michaelis Louise J. , Oude Elberink Hanneke , Regent Lynne , Sanchez Angel , Vlieg‐Boerstra Berber , Roberts Graham ,   European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis systematic review used the GRADE approach to compile evidence to inform the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology's (EAACI) anaphylaxis guideline.MethodsWe searched five bibliographic databases from 1946 to 20 April 2020 for studies about the diagnosis, management and prevention of anaphylaxis. We included 50 studies with 18 449 participants: 29 randomized controlled trials, seven controlled clinical trials, seven consecutive case series and seven case‐control studies. Findings were summarized narratively because studies were too heterogeneous to conduct meta‐analysis.ResultsIt is unclear whether the NIAID/FAAN criteria or Brighton case definition are valid for immediately diagnosing anaphylaxis due to the very low certainty of evidence. There was also insufficient evidence about the impact of most anaphylaxis management and prevention strategies. Adrenaline is regularly used for first‐line emergency management of anaphylaxis but little robust research has assessed its effectiveness. Newer models of adrenaline autoinjectors may slightly increase the proportion of people correctly using the devices and reduce time to administration. Face‐to‐face training for laypeople may slightly improve anaphylaxis knowledge and competence in using autoinjectors. We searched for but found little or no comparative effectiveness evidence about strategies such as fluid replacement, oxygen, glucocorticosteroids, methylxanthines, bronchodilators, management plans, food labels, drug labels and similar.ConclusionsAnaphylaxis is a potentially life‐threatening condition but, due to practical and ethical challenges, there is a paucity of robust evidence about how to diagnose and manage it.
Fetal cardiovascular hemodynamics in type 1 diabetic pregnancies at near‐term gestation
Authors: Lehtoranta Lara , Haapsamo Mervi , Vuolteenaho Olli , Palo Pertti , Ekholm Eeva , Räsänen Juha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionPoor glycemic control in maternal type 1 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy can affect fetal cardiac and placental function. However, studies concerning fetal central hemodynamics have revealed conflicting results. We hypothesized that in pregnancies complicated by maternal type 1 diabetes, fetal cardiovascular and placental hemodynamics are comparable to the control fetuses at near‐term gestation. In addition, we investigated the relation between newborn serum biomarkers of cardiac function and fetal cardiovascular and placental hemodynamics. Furthermore, we studied whether maternal diabetes is associated with placental inflammation.Material and methodsIn this prospective case‐control study, fetal central and peripheral hemodynamics were assessed by ultrasonography in 33 women with type 1 diabetes and in 67 controls with singleton pregnancies between 34+2 and 40+2 gestational weeks. Newborn umbilical cord serum was collected to analyze cardiac natriuretic peptides (atrial and B‐type natriuretic peptides) and troponin T concentrations. Placental tissue samples were obtained for cytokine analyses.ResultsFetal ventricular wall thicknesses were greater and weight‐adjusted stroke volumes and cardiac outputs were lower in the type 1 diabetes group than in the control group. Pulsatility in the aortic isthmus and inferior vena cava blood flow velocity waveforms was greater in the type 1 diabetes group fetuses than in the controls. A positive correlation was found between branch pulmonary artery and aortic isthmus pulsatility index values. Umbilical artery pulsatility indices were comparable between the groups. Umbilical cord serum natriuretic peptide and troponin T concentrations were elevated in the type 1 diabetes fetuses. These cardiac biomarkers correlated significantly with cardiovascular hemodynamics. Placental cytokine levels were not different between the groups.ConclusionsIn maternal type 1 diabetes pregnancies, fetal cardiovascular hemodynamics is impaired. Maternal type 1 diabetes does not seem to alter placental vascular impedance or induce placental inflammation.
Agentic values, generational contract, and elderly provisions in Taiwan and Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Raymond K. H. , Wang Lih‐Rong , Hu Kang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is commonly believed that, in Chinese societies, respect for the elderly and communal values sustains a generational contract that benefits the older generation. Overt intergenerational conflict appears to be rare, though recent policy reforms have raised concerns about competing generational interests. Drawing on data from the sixth wave of the World Value Survey, we identified significant generational differences in values and in attitudes toward the elderly in Taiwan and Hong Kong. Agentic values are associated with more negative attitudes toward the elderly and have led to increased questioning of the distribution of resources to the elderly that may herald a weakening of the generational contract in both societies. We argue that the interests and concerns of the younger population must be adequately addressed. Upholding fairness in resource distribution, rather than simply appealing to traditional values, will provide a more solid groundwork to combat the increasing uncertainty in these two aging societies.
What parents want to know in the first postnatal year: A Delphi consensus study
Authors: Cashin Miranda , Wroe Jaime , Campbell Linda E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly postnatal psychoeducation intervention programmes can support new parents in the adjustment to parenthood. However, most psychoeducation programmes focus on pregnancy and the birth and fail to deliver relevant and age‐specific information to new parents about what to expect in the postpartum period. Learning more about this intense period in a new parent's life will facilitate a healthy transition to parenthood. Considering the needs of time‐poor but tech‐savvy new parents, it is also necessary to rethink the delivery methods of such information to maximize impact.MethodTwo panels of experts in perinatal mental health (eight professionals and eight parents with lived experience) participated in a Delphi consensus study to establish what topics of information are most important for parents in the first postnatal year.ResultsA total of 89 topics of information were endorsed by at least 80% of both panels as Essential or Good to Know information for new parents. The topics were grouped under the following themes: sleep, attachment, co‐parenting, parental mental health, developmental milestones, feeding, social and community support, safety and health.ConclusionsThis study established consensus between perinatal experts and parents with lived experience in order to produce relevantm‐health psychoeducation for parents in the first postnatal year. The study findings will inform the development of perinatalm‐health psychoeducation programmes.
Mechano‐adaptive Responses of Alveolar Bone to Implant Hyper‐loading in a pre‐clinical in vivo model
Authors: Tian Ye , Li Zhijun , Chen Jinlong , Yuan Xue , Sadowsky Steven J. , Coyac Benjamin R. , Brunski John B. , Helms Jill A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesOral implants transmit biting forces to peri‐implant bone. In turn, those forces subject peri‐implant bone to mechanical stresses and strains. Here, our objective was to understand how peri‐implant bone responded to conditions of normal versus hyper‐loading in a mouse model.Material and MethodsSixty‐six mice were randomly assigned to 2 groups; both groups underwent bilateral maxillary first molar extraction followed by complete healing. Titanium alloy implants were placed in healed sites and positioned below the occlusal plane. After osseointegration, a composite crown was affixed to the implant so masticatory loading would ensue. In controls, the remaining dentition was left intact but in the hyper‐loaded (test) group, the remaining molars were extracted. 3D finite element analysis (FEA) calculated peri‐implant strains resulting from normal and hyper‐loading. Peri‐implant tissues were analyzed at multiple time points using micro‐computed tomography (µCT) imaging, histology, enzymatic assays of bone remodeling, and vital dye labeling to evaluate bone accrual.ResultsCompared to controls, hyper‐loaded implants experienced a 3.6‐fold increase in occlusal force, producing higher peri‐implant strains. Bone formation and resorption were both significantly elevated around hyper‐loaded implants, eventually culminating in a significant increase in peri‐implant bone volume/total volume (BV/TV). In our mouse model, masticatory hyper‐loading of an osseointegrated implant was associated with increased peri‐implant strain, increased peri‐implant bone remodeling, and a net gain in bone deposition.ConclusionHyper‐loading results in bone strain with catabolic and anabolic bone responses, leading to a net gain in bone deposition.
Digitized droop control of a high gain primitive converter—General performance analysis for smart city lighting application
Authors: Kannan Subha Sharmini , Krishnasamy Vijayakumar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article presents the detailed behavioral analysis of the reduced equation DC droop controller being adapted to the primitive high gain converter designed for DC loads. The article discusses the operation in its open and closed loop modes, voltage, and current control modes as part of the simulation study. The converter mode of operation is continuous in all. Graphical portrayals of statistical results describe the effectiveness of the controller against a standard proportional integral (PI) controller in time and frequency domain. The results substantiate that the DC droop control is superior in terms of efficiency, line regulation, dynamism, and current sharing and stability.
The effects of patient personality traits and family cohesion on the treatment delay for patients with first‐episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Authors: Jo Anna , Kim Honey , Lee Ju‐Yeon , Kim Jae‐Min , Jeong Myung Ho , Chung Young‐Chul , Sohn Seok‐Joon , Kim Sung‐Wan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is an important prognostic indicator of schizophrenia. We explored the effects of patient personality and family relationships on delayed schizophrenia treatment.MethodsWe prospectively included data from 169 patients diagnosed with first‐episode schizophrenia. Personality traits were investigated using the Big Five Inventory (BFI‐10) and family relationship was assessed employing the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale‐III (FACES‐III). We explored patient clinical characteristics using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Social and Occupational Functioning Scale (SOFAS). The DUP was defined as the time between the first appearance of psychotic symptoms and commencement of adequate antipsychotic treatment. Subjects were divided into two groups by the 3‐month median DUP cutoff.ResultsThe average and median DUPs were 12 and 3 months, respectively. A longer DUP was associated with older age, a higher PANSS score, and a lower SOFAS score. The frequency of suicide attempts tended to be higher in the delayed treatment group (P = .055). The delayed treatment group scored significantly higher in conscientiousness factor of the BFI‐10 and scored significantly lower family cohesion and adaptability factors of the FACES‐III. Logistic regression showed that a longer DUP was significantly associated with higher‐level conscientiousness on the BFI‐10 and poorer family cohesion on the FACES‐III.ConclusionTreatment delay was associated with reduced family cohesion and higher patient conscientiousness, suggesting that the family plays a crucial role in terms of patient access to mental health services when early psychotic symptoms appear.
Species distribution models have limited spatial transferability for invasive species
Authors: Liu Chunlong , Wolter Christian , Xian Weiwei , Jeschke Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reliability of transferring species distribution models (SDMs) to new ranges and future climates has been widely debated. Biological invasions offer the unique opportunity to evaluate model transferability, as distribution data between species’ native and introduced ranges are geographically independent of each other. Here, we performed the first global quantitative synthesis of the spatial transferability of SDMs for 235 invasive species and assessed the association of model transferability with the focal invader, model choice and parameterisation. We found that SDMs had limited spatial transferability overall. However, model transferability was higher for terrestrial endotherms, species introduced from or to the Southern Hemisphere, and species introduced more recently. Model transferability was also positively associated with the number of presences for model calibration and evaluation, respectively, but negatively with the number of predictors. These findings highlight the importance of considering the characteristics of the focal invader, environment and modelling in the application and assessment of SDMs.
Trade‐off between seed dispersal in space and time
Authors: Chen Si‐Chong , Poschlod Peter , Antonelli Alexandre , Liu Udayangani , Dickie John B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeed movement and delayed germination have long been thought to represent alternative risk‐spreading strategies, but current evidence covers limited scales and yields mixed results. Here we present the first global‐scale test of a negative correlation between dispersal and dormancy. The result demonstrates a strong and consistent pattern that species with dormant seeds have reduced spatial dispersal, also in the context of life‐history traits such as seed mass and plant lifespan. Long‐lived species are more likely to have large, non‐dormant seeds that are dispersed far. Our findings provide robust support for the theoretical prediction of a dispersal trade‐off between space and time, implying that a joint consideration of risk‐spreading strategies is imperative in studying plant life‐history evolution. The bet‐hedging patterns in the dispersal–dormancy correlation and the associated reproductive traits have implications for biodiversity conservation, via prediction of which plant groups would be most impacted in the changing era.