bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic analysis of theEuschistusgroup (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) suggests polyphyly ofDichelopsSpinola, 1837 with the erection ofDiceraeusDallas, 1851, stat. rev.
Authors: Barão Kim R , Ferrari Augusto , Grazia Jocelia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCarpocorini are the most diverse tribe within Pentatominae, comprising about 100 genera and 500 species, with the highest diversity found in the Neotropics. Within Carpocorini, some groups of genera have been, formally or informally, proposed based on morphological similarities and taxonomic history. TheEuschistusgroup was informally proposed and comprises 20 genera, includingEuschistusDallas, 1851 andDichelopsSpinola, 1837. Both of these genera had their monophyly under dispute recently.Dichelops, which includes the species commonly known as the green‐belly stink bug, comprises 16 species in three subgenera, with an exclusively Neotropical distribution. The genus was revised recently, and for each subgenus, a set of distinct morphological characters was listed, which allow their precise identification. We tested the monophyly of theEuschistusgroup and ofDichelopsunder parsimony criteria using discrete and continuous characters and two‐character weighting methods. TheEuschistusgroup was paraphyletic, andDichelopswas polyphyletic in every analysis, and the taxonomic characters formerly proposed as diagnostic for the genus and its subgenera were homoplastic. On the basis of the phylogenetic result, we propose the erection ofDiceraeusDallas, 1851,stat. rev.to the status of genus andDichelopscomprising two subgenera, the nominal andProdichelopsGrazia, 1978. This decision has implications for applied entomology, because species ofDiceraeusare important crop pests in the Neotropics.
Necessity of early and continuous monitoring for possible infectious complications in children undergoing therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Brandt Jennifer B. , Steiner Sabine , Schlager Gerald , Sadeghi Kambis , Vargha Regina , Golej Johann , Hermon Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimSince therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is known for its inhibitory effects on leucocyte migration and cytokine synthesis, our aim was to underline the necessity of early monitoring for potential immunomodulatory risks.MethodsUsing a 13‐year retrospective case‐control study at the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of the Medical University in Vienna, all newborn infants and children receiving TH were screened and compared with a diagnosis‐matched control group undergoing conventional normothermic treatment (NT). TH was accomplished by using a non‐invasive cooling device. Target temperature was 32‐34°C. Children with evident infections, a medical history of an immunodeficiency or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, were excluded.ResultsDuring the observational period, 108 patients were screened, 27 of which underwent TH. Culture‐proven infections occurred in 22% of the TH group compared with 4% of the normothermic controls (P = .1). From the second day following PICU admission, median C‐reactive protein (CRP) values were higher in the TH group (day two P = .002, day three P = .0002, day six P = .008).ConclusionChildren undergoing TH showed earlier and higher increases in CRP levels when compared to normothermic controls. These data underline the necessity of early and continuous monitoring for possible infectious complications.
Subcutaneous switching suture technique for hernia defect closure during laparoscopic ventral and incisional hernia repair
Authors: Morioka Daisuke , Izumisawa Yusuke , Ohyama Norio , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Horii Nobutoshi , Asano Fumio , Miura Masaru , Sato Yoshiki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionA vertical penetration of the thread through the abdominal wall for the hernia defect closure in laparoscopic ventral/incisional hernia repair (LVIHR) is difficult especially in the large defect cases when applying the existing techniques.MaterialsSixteen LVIHRs were performed using the suture technique for defect closure we newly developed.Surgical techniqueWith the subcutaneous switching, our technique only requires the suture‐passer and easily enables the vertical penetration of the thread through the abdominal muscular wall even in the large defect cases.DiscussionThe defect closure in LVIHR tends to be complicated in the large defect cases. Thus, we devised this technique for the easy, reliable, and firm closure even in the large defect cases. Although the sample size was currently very small, we consider that the favorable outcomes have been obtained through our technique because any noticeable complications, such as mesh bulging or recurrence, have not been observed currently.
Disentangling the process of epistemic change: The role of epistemic volition
Authors: Kerwer Martin , Rosman Tom , Wedderhoff Oliver , Chasiotis Anita 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundMany interventions on epistemic beliefs (i.e., individual beliefs about knowledge and knowing) are based on Bendixen and Rule’s Integrative Model for Personal Epistemology Development. Empirically, however, the model is still insufficiently validated. This is especially true for its epistemic volition component – a will or desire to actively change one’s beliefs.AimsTo experimentally scrutinize the role of epistemic volition, we investigated (incremental) effects on epistemic change of an epistemic volition intervention.Sample412 psychology students enrolled at German universities completed the study.MethodsWe employed a randomized pre–post design with three experimental groups that differed in the administered epistemic volition and resolvable controversies interventions. The purpose of the latter was to initiate an epistemic change process, thereby laying the foundation for the epistemic volition intervention. Both data collection and interventions were conducted online. In addition to self‐report measures, we applied a complementary source evaluation task to analyse epistemic change.ResultsEven though we found small‐ to medium‐sized changes in epistemic beliefs, these changes did not differ between experimental conditions. Exploratory analyses suggested, however, that source evaluation task performance might have been promoted by the epistemic volition intervention and that – across experimental groups – manipulation check measures on both interventions interacted positively.ConclusionUltimately, we failed to separate the effects that our epistemic volition intervention had on epistemic change from these of the resolvable controversies intervention. Nonetheless, our study makes some strong contributions to – and interconnects – the growing bodies of research on epistemic change and multiple source use.
An evaluation of an adaptive learning system based on multimodal affect recognition for learners with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Standen Penelope J. , Brown David J. , Taheri Mohammad , Galvez Trigo Maria J. , Boulton Helen , Burton Andrew , Hallewell Madeline J. , Lathe James G. , Shopland Nicholas , Blanco Gonzalez Maria A. , Kwiatkowska Gosia M. , Milli Elena , Cobello Stefano , Mazzucato Annaleda , Traversi Marco , Hortal Enrique 
Published: July 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence tools for education (AIEd) have been used to automate the provision of learning support to mainstream learners. One of the most innovative approaches in this field is the use of data and machine learning for the detection of a student’s affective state, to move them out of negative states that inhibit learning, into positive states such as engagement. In spite of their obvious potential to provide the personalisation that would give extra support for learners with intellectual disabilities, little work on AIEd systems that utilise affect recognition currently addresses this group. Our system used multimodal sensor data and machine learning to first identify three affective states linked to learning (engagement, frustration, boredom) and second determine the presentation of learning content so that the learner is maintained in an optimal affective state and rate of learning is maximised. To evaluate this adaptive learning system, 67 participants aged between 6 and 18 years acting as their own control took part in a series of sessions using the system. Sessions alternated between using the system with both affect detection and learning achievement to drive the selection of learning content (intervention) and using learning achievement alone (control) to drive the selection of learning content. Lack of boredom was the state with the strongest link to achievement, with both frustration and engagement positively related to achievement. There was significantly more engagement and less boredom in intervention than control sessions, but no significant difference in achievement. These results suggest that engagement does increase when activities are tailored to the personal needs and emotional state of the learner and that the system was promoting affective states that in turn promote learning. However, longer exposure is necessary to determine the effect on learning.
Streptococcus pneumoniae aminopeptidase N regulates dendritic cells that attenuates type‐2 airway inflammation in murine allergic asthma
Authors: Wu Guangying , Zhang Xuemei , Chen Xu , Wang Jian , Yang Jing , Wang Ling , Sun Si , Qi Yuhong , Wang Hong , Yin Yibing , Xu Wenchun 
Published: July 2020

Background and PurposeEpidemiological and experimental studies suggest that microbial exposure in early childhood is linked with reduced risk to suffer asthma. Thus microbial components with immunoregulatory capabilities might serve as a preventive strategy for allergic asthma. Recently, it was identified that Streptococcus pneumoniae aminopeptidase N (PepN) could suppress T cell effector function. We sought to investigate the effect of PepN on murine allergic asthma and elucidate the underlying mechanism.Experimental ApproachThe effects of intranasal administration of PepN during or before sensitization were examined in ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced murine allergic asthma. The roles of CD11b+ dendritic cells in PepN treated OVA‐induced allergic asthma were evaluated by flow cytometry, cytokines detection and adoptive transfer. Moreover, the numbers of lung type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were also detected.Key ResultsAdministration of PepN during or before sensitization attenuated type‐2 airway inflammation (eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, Th2 cytokines production and IgE production) in allergic asthma mice. PepN reduced lung accumulation of CD11b+ dendritic cells, which was accompanied by diminished dendritic cell‐attracting chemokine CCL20 production as well as CCL17 and CCL22, which are Th2‐cell chemokines predominantly produced by CD11b+ dendritic cells. Adoptive transfer of BM‐derived CD11b+ dendritic cells abolished the inhibitory effect of PepN on OVA‐induced type‐2 airway inflammation. The numbers of lung ILC2s were decreased in asthmatic mice receiving PepN.Conclusion and ImplicationsPepN alleviated type‐2 inflammation in OVA‐induced allergic asthma mice, which was mediated by regulation of lung CD11b+ dendritic cells. Our study provides a novel strategy for the prevention of allergic asthma.
Opportunities for histone deacetylase inhibition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Klingl Yvonne E. , Pakravan Donya , Van Den Bosch Ludo 
Published: July 2020

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease. ALS patients suffer from a progressive loss of motor neurons, leading to respiratory failure within 3 to 5 years after diagnosis. Available therapies only slow down the disease progression moderately or extend the lifespan by a few months. Epigenetic hallmarks have been linked to the disease, creating an avenue for potential therapeutic approaches. Interference with one class of epigenetic enzymes, histone deacetylases, has been shown to affect neurodegeneration in many preclinical models. Consequently, it is crucial to improve our understanding about histone deacetylases and their inhibitors in (pre)clinical models of ALS. We conclude that selective inhibitors with high tolerability and safety and sufficient blood–brain barrier permeability will be needed to interfere with both epigenetic and non‐epigenetic targets of these enzymes.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Recent advances in ALS pathogenesis and therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visithttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.6/issuetoc
Piecing Together the Puzzle of Pictorial Representation: How Jigsaw Puzzles Index Metacognitive Development
Authors: Doherty Martin J. , Wimmer Marina C. , Gollek Cornelia , Stone Charlotte , Robinson Elizabeth J. 
Published: July 2020

Jigsaw puzzles are ubiquitous developmental toys in Western societies, used here to examine the development of metarepresentation. For jigsaw puzzles this entails understanding that individual pieces, when assembled, produce a picture. In Experiment 1, 3‐ to 5‐year‐olds (N = 117) completed jigsaw puzzles that were normal, had no picture, or comprised noninterlocking rectangular pieces. Pictorial puzzle completion was associated with mental and graphical metarepresentational task performance. Guide pictures of completed pictorial puzzles were not useful. In Experiment 2, 3‐ to 4‐year‐olds (N = 52) completed a simplified task, to choose the correct final piece. Guide‐use associated with age and specifically graphical metarepresentation performance. We conclude that the pragmatically natural measure of jigsaw puzzle completion ability demonstrates general and pictorial metarepresentational development at 4 years.
A Longitudinal Person‐Centered Examination of Affinity for Aloneness Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Daly Owen , Willoughby Teena 
Published: July 2020

Affinity for aloneness among youth often is viewed negatively. However, some youth may enjoy solitude for positive reasons, rather than because of social anxiety. The prevalence and adjustment over time of youth with high affinity for aloneness is unclear. Groups of children (N = 605, Mage = 9.29) and adolescents (N = 596, Mage = 12.20) were identified using affinity for aloneness and social anxiety scores, and group differences in adjustment were assessed. Latent class analyses revealed four groups at T1 and T2 for both samples. Among these were Normative (Low.affinity_for_aloneness‐Low.social_anxiety) and Affinity for Aloneness (High.affinity_for_aloneness‐LowMod.social_anxiety) groups. These groups did not differ longitudinally in adjustment. Having elevated levels of affinity for aloneness without high social anxiety is relatively benign.
Whole‐exome sequencing in adult patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: It is never too late
Authors: Minardi Raffaella , Licchetta Laura , Baroni Maria Chiara , Pippucci Tommaso , Stipa Carlotta , Mostacci Barbara , Severi Giulia , Toni Francesco , Bergonzini Luca , Carelli Valerio , Seri Marco , Tinuper Paolo , Bisulli Francesca 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) encompass rare, sporadic neurodevelopmental disorders and usually with pediatric onset. As these conditions are characterized by marked clinical and genetic heterogeneity, whole‐exome sequencing (WES) represents the strategy of choice for the molecular diagnosis. While its usefulness is well established in pediatric DEE cohorts, our study is aimed at assessing the WES feasibility in adult DEE patients who experienced a diagnostic odyssey prior to the advent of this technique. We analyzed exomes from 71 unrelated adult DEE patients, consecutively recruited from an Italian cohort for the EPI25 Project. All patients underwent accurate clinical and electrophysiological characterization. An overwhelming percentage (90.1%) had already undergone negative genetic testing. Variants were classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. WES disclosed 24 (likely) pathogenic variants among 18 patients in epilepsy‐related genes with either autosomal dominant, recessive or X‐linked inheritance. Ten of these were novel. We obtained a diagnostic yield of 25.3%, higher among patients with brain malformations, early‐onset epilepsy and dysmorphisms. Despite a median diagnostic delay of 38.7 years, WES analysis provided the long‐awaited diagnosis for 18 adult patients, which also had an impact on the clinical management of 50% of them.
Conditional Preference Networks with User's Genuine Decisions
Authors: Ahmed Sultan , Mouhoub Malek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUser's choices involve habitual behavior and genuine decision. Habitual behavior is often expressed using preferences. In a multiattribute case, the Conditional Preference Network (CP‐net) is a graphical model to represent user's conditional ceteris paribus (all else being equal) preference statements. Indeed, the CP‐net induces a strict partial order over the outcomes. By contrast, we argue that genuine decisions are environmentally influenced and introduce the notion of “comfort” to represent this type of choices. In this article, we propose an extension of the CP‐net model that we call the CP‐net with Comfort (CPC‐net) to represent a user's comfort with preferences. Given that preference and comfort might be two conflicting objectives, we define the Pareto optimality of outcomes when achieving outcome optimization with respect to a given CPC‐net. Then, we propose a backtrack search algorithm to find the Pareto optimal outcomes. On the other hand, two outcomes can stand in one of six possible relations with respect to a CPC‐net. The exact relation can be obtained by performing dominance testing in the corresponding CP‐net and comparing the numeric comforts.
Expression of ABC transporter and scavenger receptor mRNAs in PBMCs in 100‐km ultramarathon runners
Authors: Juan Chi‐Chang , Li Li‐Hua , Hou Sen‐Kuang , Liu Ping‐Shiou , Kao Wei‐Fong , Chiu Yu‐Hui , How Chorng‐Kuang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated at the cellular level. This study was to measure the expression levels of ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR‐BI) and class A (SRA), and CD36 mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to 100‐km ultramarathon event and determine any correlation between these ABC transporters/scavenger receptor expression levels and plasma cholesterol homeostasis.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐six participants were enrolled. Blood was drawn from each individual 1 week prior, immediately after, and 24 hours after the race. The expression levels of ABCA1, ABCG1, SR‐BI, SRA and CD36 in PBMCs were measured by using real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsPlasma triglyceride levels were significantly increased immediately after the race and dropped at 24‐hour post‐race compared with pre‐race values. The 100‐km ultramarathon boosted high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels and decreased low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels 24‐hour post‐race. The expression levels of ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR‐BI were markedly decreased, whereas that of CD36 was slightly but significantly upregulated in runners’ PBMCs immediately after the race. Ultramarathon resulted in immediate large‐scale stimulation of inflammatory cytokines with increased plasma interleukin‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha levels. Moreover, by using in vitro models with human monocytic cell lines, incubation of runners’ plasma immediately after the race significantly downregulated ABCA1 and ABCG1, and upregulated CD36 expression in these cells.ConclusionsABCA1, ABCG1 and CD36 gene expressions in PBMCS might be associated with endurance exercise‐induced plasma cholesterol homeostasis and systemic inflammatory response.
Resistance of Cercospora beticola Sacc isolates to thiophanate methyl (benzimidazole), demethylation inhibitors and quinone outside inhibitors in Morocco
Authors: El Housni Z. , Ezrari S. , Tahiri A. , Ouijja A. 
Published: July 2020

Sugar beet is a major crop in Morocco and Cercospora leaf spot is one of its most important fungal diseases. In Morocco, thiophanate methyl (benzimidazole) and difenoconazole (demethylation inhibitor, DMI) have been used extensively in the management of Cercospora leaf spot. In this study, samples of Cercospora beticola Sacc were collected from four major production areas. The identification of all isolates was confirmed using a PCR test with specific primers. Radial mycelia growth of each isolate in unmodified potato dextrose agar medium was compared to mycelia growth in the same medium modified with thiophanate methyl (1, 5, 10 and 50 ppm) or the DMIs difenoconazole, epoxiconazole and tetraconazole (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 50 ppm) or the quinone outside inhibitors (QOIs) azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin (1, 5, 10 and 50 ppm). The percentage of inhibition obtained was used for the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) calculation. All the isolates showed resistance to the thiophanate methyl molecule to different degrees. Three groups were identified: low resistance with EC50 less than 100 ppm, moderate resistance with EC50 between 100 and 1000 ppm, and very resistant with EC50 more than 1000 ppm. For difenoconazole, 41% of isolates were sensitive (EC50 < 0.05 ppm) and 59% were resistant, while for tetraconazole and epoxiconazole 6% were sensitive (EC50 < 0.01 ppm), 66.7 % had medium resistance (0.01 < EC50 < 1 ppm) and 27.3% were resistant (EC50 > 1 ppm). For QOIs, azoxystrobin was less effective for mycelial inhibition than trifloxystrobin, with 54.5% of isolates with resistance to azoxystrobin (EC50 > 100 ppm).
Difficult horses – prevalence, approaches to management of and understanding of how they develop by equine veterinarians
Authors: Pearson G. , Reardon R. , Keen J. , Waran N. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryDespite the considerable risk of veterinary occupational injury due to adverse horse behaviour, limited information is available about the prevalence of unwanted equine behaviours or common approaches to managing them. An understanding of learning theory may affect veterinarians’ approaches to dealing with unwanted equine behaviours; however, learning theory is not widely taught. The aim of this study was to document the challenges equine veterinarians face when working with difficult horses and define their approaches to managing them, including their understanding of the processes through which horses learn. A link to an online survey was distributed via email amongst UK equine veterinarians. Descriptive and Kruskal–Wallis statistical analyses were performed. We found that 95% of equine veterinarians reported working with difficult horses on at least a monthly basis, resulting in 81% of them sustaining at least one injury in the last 5 years. The most popular methods of dealing with unwanted behaviours were physical and chemical restraint. 46% of those surveyed had never received any tuition on the processes through which horses learn. Despite 79% believing they had at least a moderate understanding of equine learning theory, they performed poorly when tested, with only 10% able to get at least five out of six questions correct. Further education on the subject of learning theory may be beneficial.