bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breath Metabolomics Provides an Accurate and Noninvasive Approach for Screening Cirrhosis, Primary, and Secondary Liver Tumors
Authors: Miller‐Atkins Galen , Acevedo‐Moreno Lou‐Anne , Grove David , Dweik Raed A. , Tonelli Adriano R. , Brown J. Mark , Allende Daniela S. , Aucejo Federico , Rotroff Daniel M. 
Published: April 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and secondary liver tumors, such as colorectal cancer liver metastases are significant contributors to the overall burden of cancer‐related morality. Current biomarkers, such as alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) for HCC, result in too many false negatives, necessitating noninvasive approaches with improved sensitivity. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected in the breath of patients can provide valuable insight into disease processes and can differentiate patients by disease status. Here, we investigate whether 22 VOCs from the breath of 296 patients can distinguish those with no liver disease (n = 54), cirrhosis (n = 30), HCC (n = 112), pulmonary hypertension (n = 49), or colorectal cancer liver metastases (n = 51). This work extends previous studies by evaluating the ability for VOC signatures to differentiate multiple diseases in a large cohort of patients. Pairwise disease comparisons demonstrated that most of the VOCs tested are present in significantly different relative abundances (false discovery rateP < 0.1), indicating broad impacts on the breath metabolome across diseases. A predictive model developed using random forest machine learning and cross validation classified patients with 85% classification accuracy and 75% balanced accuracy. Importantly, the model detected HCC with 73% sensitivity compared with 53% for AFP in the same cohort. An added value of this approach is that influential VOCs in the predictive model may provide insight into disease etiology. Acetaldehyde and acetone, both of which have roles in tumor promotion, were considered important VOCs for differentiating disease groups in the predictive model and were increased in patients with cirrhosis and HCC compared to patients with no liver disease (false discovery rateP < 0.1).Conclusion:The use of machine learning and breath VOCs shows promise as an approach to develop improved, noninvasive screening tools for chronic liver disease and primary and secondary liver tumors.
Body size, body composition and endometrial cancer risk among postmenopausal women in UK Biobank
Authors: Omiyale Wemimo , Allen Naomi E. , Sweetland Siân 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious studies on the association of adiposity with endometrial cancer risk have mostly used body mass index (BMI) as the main exposure of interest. Whether more precise measures of body fat, such as body fat percentage and fat mass estimated by bioimpedance analyses, are better indicators of risk than BMI is unknown. The role of central adiposity and fat‐free mass in endometrial cancer development remains unclear. We used Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations of various measures of body size/composition with the risk of endometrial cancer among 135 110 postmenopausal women enrolled in UK Biobank. During a mean follow up of 6.8 years, 706 endometrial cancers were diagnosed, with a mean age at diagnosis of 65.5 years. The HRs (95% CIs) for endometrial cancer per 1 SD increase in BMI, body fat percentage and fat mass were broadly comparable, being 1.71 (1.61‐1.82), 1.92 (1.75‐2.11) and 1.73 (1.63‐1.85), respectively. There was an indication of positive association between central adiposity, as reflected by waist circumference (HRper 1‐SD increase = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.00‐1.17) and waist to hip ratio (HRper 1‐SD increase = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.26), and endometrial cancer risk after accounting for BMI. Fat‐free mass was not an independent predictor of risk in this cohort. These findings suggest that body fat percentage and fat mass are not better indicators of endometrial cancer risk than BMI. Further studies are needed to establish whether central adiposity contributes to risk beyond overall adiposity.
Coralline Skeleton Biomaterial Reduces Phagocytosis in Mouse Blood in vitro
Authors: Gancz Ayala , Zueva Yekaterina , Weiss Orly E. , Hendler Roni M. , Minnes Rafael , Baranes Danny 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInflammatory and immunogenic response to foreign bodies presents a challenge in the use of biomaterials as implants for tissue restoration. Therefore, there is a need to understand the interactions between such implants and the blood. One such material, currently in clinical use for bone replacement in humans, is the skeleton of corals, in the form of crystalline aragonite. This biomaterial has been shown to impart a protective and supportive influence on several types of cells ex vivo. The carbonate skeleton activates secretion in phagocytes in vitro, however its effects on these cells in the blood, and on the process of phagocytosis itself, remain unknown. Using 1–500 μm particles of coral skeleton, we show that these particles bind blood proteins and alter the leukocyte population, reducing the proportion of granulocytes by more than 3‐fold with no effect on the proportion of monocytes. In addition, the presence of coral skeleton in the blood causes a reduction in phagocytosis. Specifically, we observed a decrease in the percentage of phagocytic cells by 27 % in the granulocytes and by 73 % in monocyte family, as well as a 41.6 % reduction in the MFI of granulocytes, but with no such effect on monocytes. Taken together, the results suggest that the coral skeleton biomaterial may act as a strong, promotive scaffold for tissue regeneration due to its ability to reduce its rejection by inflammatory reactions such as phagocytosis.
Culturally Sustaining Pedagogies in the Current Moment: A Conversation With Django Paris and H. Samy Alim
Authors: Caraballo Limarys , Martinez Danny C. , Paris Django , Alim H. Samy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis department explores how teachers can sustain students’ multilingual literacies and reimagine literacy learning across multiple contexts in conversation with researchers, practitioners, and communities.
Advances on the role of the deleted in breast cancer (DBC1) in cancer and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Fang Qiannan , Bellanti Joseph A , Zheng Song Guo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
DBC1 (deleted in breast cancer 1) is a human nuclear protein that modulates the activities of various proteins. Most of the research on DBC1 has focused on metabolism and epigenetics because it is a crucial endogenic inhibitor of deacetylase Sirtuin1 (SIRT1). In this review, we have discussed and summarized the new advances in DBC1 research, mostly focusing on its structure, regulatory function, and significance in cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Direct Quantification of Intervertebral Disc Water Content Using MRI
Authors: Yang Bo , Wendland Michael F. , O'Connell Grace D. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundWater content is a key parameter for simulating tissue swelling and nutrient diffusion. Accurately measuring water content throughout the intervertebral disc (NP = nucleus pulposus; AF = annulus fibrosus) is important for developing patient‐specific models. Water content is measured using destructive techniques, Quantitative MRI has been used to estimate water content and detect early degeneration, but it is dependent on scan parameters, concentration of free water molecules, and fiber architecture.PurposeTo directly measure disc‐tissue water content using quantitative MRI and compare MRI‐based measurements with biochemical assays, and to quantify changes in disc geometry due to compression.Study TypeBasic science, controlled.SpecimenTwenty bone‐disc‐bone motion segments from skeletally mature bovines.Field Strength/Sequence7T/3D fast low angle shot (FLASH) pulse sequence and a T2 rapid imaging with refocused echoes (RARE) sequence.AssessmentDisc volumes, NP and AF volumetric water content, and T2 relaxation times were measured through MRI; NP and AF tissue gravimetric water content, mass density, and glycosaminoglycan content were measured through a biochemical assay.Statistical TestsCorrelations between MRI‐based measurement and biochemical composition were evaluated using Pearson's linear regression.ResultsMechanical dehydration resulted in a decrease in disc volume by up to 20% and a decrease in disc height by up to 35%. Direct water content measurements for the NP was achieved by normalizing MRI‐based spin density by NP mass density (1.10 ± 0.03 g/cm3). However, the same approach underestimated water content in the AF by ~10%, which may be due to a higher concentration of collagen fibers and bound water molecules.Data ConclusionSpin density or spin density normalized by mass density to estimate NP and AF water content was more accurate than correlations between water content and relaxation times. Mechanical dehydration decreased disc volume and disc height, and increased maximum cross‐sectional area.Level of Evidence Technical Efficacy Stage  J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1152–1162.
Tropical cyclone precipitation regimes since 1750 and the Great Suppression of 1843–1876 along coastal North Carolina, USA
Authors: Knapp Paul A. , Soulé Peter T. , Maxwell Justin T. , Ortegren Jason T. , Mitchell Tyler J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLatewood ring widths of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) are effective recorders of annual variability of tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation (TCP), accounting for approximately half of the explained variance. Based on a regional chronology comprised of data from five sites in coastal North Carolina, we reconstructed TCP during 1750–2015 to examine temporal variability of multidecadal dry and wet TCP regimes, the synoptic controls that contributed to an exceptionally dry phase in 1843–1876, and the effectiveness of using latewood to identify droughts independent of TCP. We found six phases of alternating dry/wet phases occurred during the 250+ years in the reconstruction (duration range = 17–62 years) and the 1843–1876 period of exceptionally narrow latewood widths and low TCP values (i.e., the Great Suppression) was unique during the past quarter millennium. The Great Suppression coincided with a period of anomalously low pressure (relative mean hPa deviation = −60 DAM) over the eastern USA at 500 hPa heights, which strongly affects the steering of TCs. We found that while each dry phase was characterized by a persistence of these steering lows, including the most recent (2006–2016) period absent of major landfalling TCs in the United States, the Great Suppression was unmatched in intensity. Finally, we determined that variability in longleaf pine latewood widths do not reflect overall soil‐moisture conditions, as neither narrow nor wide latewood widths are coincident with variations in non‐TC‐related precipitation. Rather, latewood growth flushes are associated with ephemeral periods of elevated water tables following high‐intensity TC‐related rainfall events.
Trace Elements’ Contamination of Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition Solutions in Canada: A Cause for Concern
Authors: Srikrishnaraj Arjuna , Chambers Kathryn , South Courtney , Arppe Robertson Megan , Vresk Laura , Tedesco‐Bruce Anna , Haliburton Beth , Yanchis Dianna , Belza Christina , Zietsma Jordan , Benec Joanna , Carricato Megan , Kean Penni , Avitzur Yaron , Wales Paul W. , Harrison Debra , Courtney‐Martin Glenda 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrace elements' (TEs) contamination of parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions is an ongoing concern. The aims of this study were 1) to measure actual TE concentrations in PN admixtures compared with ordered concentrations and 2) compare TE intake with current recommendations.MethodsPN admixtures from discarded bags were collected from patients receiving home PN and on inpatient wards. Samples were collected from 72 patients (39 inpatients, 33 receiving home PN). Age, percentage energy intake from PN, and PN orders were collected from patients' charts. PN samples were analyzed for TEs, including chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn), and concentration measurements compared with ordered concentrations and current recommendations.ResultsMeasured Cr and Mn concentrations were higher than ordered concentrations: 5.3 ± 1.7 vs 2.8 ± 1.5 µg/L; P < 0.0001 and 11.9 ± 5.9 vs 0.00 µg/L; P < 0.0001, respectively. Chromium contamination alone accounted for over 100% of current recommendations for patients 0–12 months and between 63% and 92% for children >1 year. Contamination of Mn provided all the measured Mn in PN admixtures, since Mn is excluded from PN orders at our institution. Between 70% and 120% of current Mn recommendations were met from contamination.ConclusionsCr should be excluded from PN admixtures for children 0–12 months and only one‐fourth the current recommendation should be added for pediatric patients >1 year. Manganese should also be excluded from PN admixture for pediatric patients but plasms monitoring 2–3 times per year is recommended for those on long‐term PN.
Reduced retort processing time improves canning quality of fast‐cooking dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Bassett Amber , Dolan Kirk D , Cichy Karen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhile it is generally accepted that fast‐cooking germplasm benefits consumers, benefits to the canning industry have not been established. Genotypes with good canning quality withstand the canning process while remaining intact with good appearance, but canning protocols used by breeders typically involve long processing times that may overcook some genotypes. The goal of this study was to identify whether cooking time influences canning quality in dry beans and whether reducing processing time could improve canning quality of fast‐cooking genotypes.RESULTSA set of 20 yellow bean genotypes including Ervilha, PI527538 and 18 derived recombinant inbred lines were selected for their varied cooking times. By comparing the genotypes processed across five retort times, differences in canning quality were identified. All genotypes performed better when processed for less time than the standard 45 min, but canning quality was highest at 10 min for fast‐ and medium‐cooking genotypes and 15 min for slow‐cooking genotypes. Cooking time was correlated positively with texture and intactness and negatively with washed‐drained weights, indicating that slower cooking beans have higher canning quality. Color changed with retort processing such that longer times produced darker beans with more red and yellow.CONCLUSIONSWhile fast‐cooking beans exhibited lower canning quality at standard processing times, reduced retort processing time allowed them to meet quality standards while still maintaining food safety. By accounting for cooking time as a component of canning quality, breeders can develop varieties that are convenient and cost efficient for preparation for both consumers and the canning industry. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Effects of granule size on physicochemical and digestive properties of potato powder
Authors: Hu Chun , Xiong Zhouyi , Xiong Hanguo , Chen Lei , Zhang Mengchao , Wang Pengkai , Nawaz Asad , Walayat Noman 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPotato powder, a rich source of high‐quality protein and starch, plays an important role in the production of functional foods. In this study, ball‐mill processed potato powders with different particle sizes (278, 208, 129, and 62 μm) were analyzed in terms of physicochemical, pasting, rheological, and digestive properties.RESULTSScanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction analysis of the samples revealed mono‐model particle‐size distributions. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed structure destruction of starch pellets. Proximate composition and physical property analysis showed an increase in the water, ash, protein, and starch content. Meanwhile, the water solubility index and swelling power values were found to increase with decreasing grain size, and so were the brightness (L*) and redness (b*) values of the potato powders. With particle size reduced to 129 μm, large changes were observed in gelatinization properties, such as peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and final viscosity. Oscillatory rheology results also showed that, with the decrease in particle size, the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) improved, with highest storage modulus (G′) observed in the 129 μm particle size. The hydrolysis rate and glycemic index also increased in the 129 μm potato powder.CONCLUSIONThe results provide information that could be useful for improving quality characteristics by using specific grain sizes in the development of potato‐based products such as gluten‐free products and ethnic food products with particular functional and rheological properties. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The Impact of Common Psychiatric and Behavioral Comorbidities on Functional Disability Across Time and Individuals in Post‐9/11 Veterans
Authors: Fortenbaugh Francesca C. , Fonda Jennifer R. , Fortier Catherine B. , Amick Melissa M. , Milberg William P. , McGlinchey Regina E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReturning veterans often face multiple concurrent psychiatric and behavioral conditions that negatively impact reintegration into civilian life and are associated with functional disability. Understanding how conditions interact to negatively impact functioning is an important step toward developing holistic treatment approaches optimized for this population. This study utilized a cross‐sectional and prospective longitudinal cohort design, applying regression algorithms to understand the relative contribution of common clinical issues to functional disability in U.S. veterans who served after the September 11, 2001 (9/11), terror attacks. Community‐dwelling post‐9/11 veterans (N = 397) completed detailed assessments, including common clinical condition diagnoses, combat experience, and demographics, which were used to predict functional disability (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule); 205 participants were reassessed approximately 1–2 years after enrollment. Regression analyses showed a strong association between the predictor variables and functional disability, f 2 = 1.488. Validation analyses showed a high prediction ability of functional disability to independent samples, r = .719, and across time in the same individuals, r = .780. The strongest predictors included current posttraumatic stress disorder, depressive disorder, sleep disturbance, and pain diagnoses. These results demonstrate the importance of considering multiple common co‐occurring conditions when assessing functional disability in post‐9/11 veterans and suggest that certain syndromes contribute the most unique information to predicting functional disability with high confidence. As most U.S. veterans utilize private healthcare systems, these results have clinical utility for both Veterans Affairs and civilian healthcare practitioners in assessing and monitoring functional disability in post‐9/11 veterans over time.
Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of the Malignant Ultrasound Features of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Tian Lu , Wang Longlun , Qin Yong , Cai Jinhua 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThe malignant ultrasound (US) features of breast cancer are known to include an irregular shape, a noncircumscribed margin, an echogenic halo, a nonparallel orientation, posterior acoustic attenuation, microcalcification, and others. However, these US features are uncertain and controversial for the diagnosis of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic value of malignant US features for TNBC by a systematic review and meta‐analysis, analyze the US characteristics of TNBC, and provide US evidence for clinical diagnosis.MethodsA comprehensive search was performed to identify relevant English articles concerning the US diagnosis of TNBC (from the date of database establishment to November 2019). The pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio with 95% confidence interval, summary receiver operating characteristic curve, and area under the curve for the different malignant US features were calculated.ResultsTen studies (620 patients) met the eligibility criteria. The sensitivity (range, 0.14–0.68) and specificity (range, 0.19–0.66) of the malignant US features were not high. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the area under the curve (range, 0.25–0.47) of the malignant US features was low, demonstrating that these features have poor diagnostic value for TNBC. The positive likelihood ratio (range, 0.4–to 0.9) of the malignant US features was low, and the negative likelihood ratio (range, 1.09–2.02) was not low, revealing that these features had a poor ability to confirm or exclude TNBC.ConclusionsTriple‐negative breast cancer lacks the typical malignant US features of breast cancer and has its own US features.
Silicon‐Waveguide‐Integrated High‐Quality Metagrating Supporting Bound State in the Continuum
Authors: Xu Hongnan , Shi Yaocheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe photonic bound state in the continuum (BIC) is a spatially bounded eigen state that can be realized in the form of a supercavity mode with an ultrahigh quality factor. The high‐quality supercavity resonance can be supported by photonic crystal slabs, asymmetric metasurfaces, and high‐contrast gratings. However, these schemes all suffer from bulky device size and complex experimental setup. Herein, a silicon‐waveguide‐integrated high‐quality metagrating is proposed and demonstrated as a new platform to manipulate the supercavity mode. The shallow‐ridge metagrating is directly embedded in the silicon slab waveguide, so the input slab mode can be coupled into the resonant ridge mode, which can be further transformed into the supercavity mode by utilizing the intra‐waveguide Fabry–Perot interference. Such an effect has been experimentally verified by the fabricated devices. The metagrating operating near the supercavity regime is also experimentally realized with a high quality factor ≈5200. As an application, such high‐quality metagrating is exploited to realize the temperature sensing with a high temperature sensitivity ≈77 pm K−1. The proposed integrated metagrating provides a novel approach to harness the BIC, paving ways for a new class of BIC‐based nanophotonic devices with high performance, chip‐scale footprint, and long‐term stability.