bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rodent assemblage composition as indicator of fire severity in a protected area of south‐central Chile
Authors: Zúñiga Alfredo H. , Rau Jaime R. , Jaksic Fabián M. , Vergara Pablo M. , Encina‐Montoya Francisco , Fuentes‐Ramírez Andrés 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFires have a considerable impact on biological communities and ecosystems, within which the assessment of burned habitats requires consideration of indicator species or assemblages useful for monitoring. The short‐term effects of fires can be easily deduced from analysing assemblages of animals with short generation times and high fertility rates, such as rodents. Here, we evaluated the effect of fire severity in a protected area of southern Chile on abundance, composition and diversity of rodent assemblages. We sampled rodents and vegetation variables during summer and fall over two years (2017 and 2018) in forest stands with different levels of fire severity (high, low and unburned stands). Changes in diversity and abundance were found between unburned and burned stands, with these differences being more noticeable during the fall of the first year. Abundances of rodent species exhibited marked fluctuations over the study period, but two species consistently decreased their abundances as fire severity increased, and with the absence of one species in burned stands. The adverse fire effects were less evident during the second year due to the overall low capture rates (1.3–1.9%). Rodent species were differently affected by fire, with Irenomys tarsalis (arboreal rat) being the species most sensitive to fires. The effect of fire severity on abundance of rodent species was associated with changes in the vegetation variables, where dead wood, canopy and herb cover showed a low correlation (R = 0.147). Our results suggest that fires of high severity cause important disturbances on habitat and food resources that result in short‐term effects on the rodent assemblage. Fires apparently act as an ecological filter for the more specialised species while offering an opportunity for the settlement of generalist species. Hence, the monitoring of rodent species differing in their ecological traits, such as food habits and space use, offers an opportunity for assessing the short‐term recovery patterns of wildlife after fire disturbances.
What are the perceptions of staff who work in, and professionals who advise on the design of, Australian aged care facilities on the value and use of handrails in corridors?
Authors: Swan Nicole , Watchorn Valerie , Grant Cathryn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the perceived value of handrails and how they are used in Australian aged care facilities (ACFs). Such information aims to contribute to the body of knowledge available about handrails, their design features and application.MethodsThis study adopted a descriptive cross‐sectional research design. Online surveys were distributed to members of Australian professional networks, collecting information about handrail use, mobility supports and handrail design in ACFs.ResultsThere were 112 participants (80% female), aged 18‐55 years or older. Many identified that handrails in ACF corridors are used by a residents, staff and visitors, and that circular‐shaped handrails should be installed in ACF corridors to assist with mobility and safety.ConclusionHandrails in ACF corridors offer an alternate support to those who experience an unexpected loss of balance and those without or unable to use a mobility aid, ultimately enabling users’ mobility and assisting staff to carry out work duties.
Gastrointestinal parasites of blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) and grey‐cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) at the Ngogo Research Site in Kibale National Park, Uganda
Authors: Ochieng James Robert , Rwego Innocent B. , Kisakye John Joseph M. , Brown Michelle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere has been persistent decline in blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) population at Ngogo research site in the past 40 years for no clear reasons. In contrast, the populations of other nonhuman primates like the grey‐cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) which share identical home ranges with blue monkeys have not been obviously affected. However, stakeholders attribute this decline to gastrointestinal parasitic diseases, hence the need to determine the profile of parasitic infections in blue monkeys and compare them to that of grey‐cheeked mangabeys within a shared home range. Faecal samples (n = 241) were subjected to diagnostic tests, namely sodium nitrate floatation and formol‐ether sedimentation before microscopic examination. 227 (94%) samples were parasite positive; six protozoa and 21 helminths were present. This implies that Ngogo hosts a high diversity of parasites which poses health risks to nonhuman primates. There was no significant statistical difference in the prevalence of the overall main pathogenic parasites between the two studied nonhuman primate species. Therefore, gastrointestinal parasites may not be the obvious cause of the proclaimed blue monkey population decline at Ngogo research site.
Detection of small for gestational age babies and perinatal outcomes following implementation of the Growth Assessment Protocol at a New Zealand tertiary facility: An observational intervention study
Authors: Cowan F. Joyce , McKinlay Christopher J. D. , Taylor Rennae S. , Wilson Jess , McAra‐Couper Judith , Garrett Nick , O’Brien Andrea , McCowan Lesley M. E. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundTimely detection of small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses is important for reducing severe perinatal morbidity and mortality, and better tools are needed to detect SGA in maternity care.AimWe evaluated the effect of the introduction of the Perinatal Institute’s Growth Assessment Protocol (GAP) in the Counties Manukau Health region, South Auckland, New Zealand, on antenatal detection of SGA and maternal and perinatal outcomes.Materials and MethodsUncontrolled before and after study in women booked under hospital community midwife care with a singleton, non‐anomalous pregnancy. Antenatal detection of SGA (birthweight <10th customised centile) was compared pre‐GAP (2012, N = 1105) and post‐GAP (2017, N = 1082). Composite adverse neonatal outcome was defined as neonatal unit admission >48 h, five‐minute Apgar score <7, and/or any ventilation. Analyses were adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, deprivation, smoking and ethnicity.ResultsSGA rates were similar across epochs (13.8% vs 12.9%) but antenatal detection of SGA increased from 22.9% (35/153) to 57.9% (81/140) post‐GAP (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.8, 95% CI 2.82–8.18). Rates of induction of labour and caesarean section increased between epochs but were similar in SGA, non‐SGA, and detected and non‐detected SGA subgroups. Among SGA babies, there was some evidence that antenatal detection of SGA may be associated with lower composite adverse neonatal outcome (detected SGA: aOR 0.44 95% CI 0.17–1.15; non‐detected SGA: aOR = 1.81 95% CI 0.73–4.48; interaction P = 0.03). Pre‐term birth did not appear to be influenced by GAP.ConclusionImplementation of GAP was associated with a nearly five‐fold increase in SGA detection without increasing obstetric intervention for SGA.
“We are here to stay” vs. “Europe’s best hotel”: Hamburg and Athens as Geographies of Solidarity
Authors: Fischer Leandros , Bak Jørgensen Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing a theoretical framework conceptualising mobility regimes, solidarity, as well as scales and “sanctuary/solidarity cities”, this article examines notions of locally scaled solidarity by looking at Hamburg and Athens. We undertake comparisons on three dimensions. First, between the historical and institutional context of migration in Germany and Greece. Second, between urban movements in Hamburg and Athens. Finally, between the balance sheet of Seebrücke Hamburg and the Solidarity Cities Initiative of Athens. We contend that different migrant mobilities, as well as the solidarity movements they bring forth, structure different geographies of solidarity. We argue that movements in Hamburg were relatively more successful in renegotiating restrictive migration regimes on the local scale than their counterparts in Athens. We view these differences as prefigured by different types of migrant mobility—arrival in Hamburg, transit in Athens—in the context of a European bordering geography characterised by asymmetrical power relations.
Placental abruption in immigrant women in Norway: A population‐based study
Authors: Mæland Karolina S. , Morken Nils‐Halvdan , Schytt Erica , Aasheim Vigdis , Nilsen Roy M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionPlacental abruption is a serious complication in pregnancy. Its incidence varies across countries, but the information of how placental abruption varies in immigrant populations is limited. The aims of this study were to estimate the incidence of placental abruption in immigrant women compared with non‐immigrants by maternal country and region of birth, reason for immigration, and length of residence.Material and methodsWe conducted a nationwide population‐based study using data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway (1990‐2016). The study sample included 1 558 174 pregnancies, in which immigrant women accounted for 245 887 pregnancies and 1 312 287 pregnancies were to non‐immigrants. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI for placental abruption in immigrant women compared with non‐immigrants were estimated by logistic regression with robust standard error estimations (accounting for within‐mother clustering). Adjustment variables included year of birth, maternal age, parity, multiple pregnancies, chronic hypertension, and level of education.ResultsThe incidence of placental abruption decreased during the study period for both immigrants (from 0.68% to 0.44%) and non‐immigrants (from 0.80% to 0.34%). Immigrant women from sub‐Saharan Africa had an adjusted odds ratio of 1.35 (95% CI 1.15‐1.58) compared with non‐immigrants for placental abruption, whereas immigrant women from Ethiopia had an adjusted odds ratio of 2.39 (95% CI 1.67‐3.41). We found a small variation in placental abruption incidence by other countries or regions of birth, length of residence, and reason for immigration.ConclusionsImmigrant women from sub‐Saharan Africa, especially Ethiopia, have increased odds for placental abruption when giving birth in Norway. Reason for immigration and length of residence had little impact on the incidence of placental abruption.
Une analyse socio‐économique de la trajectoire institutionnelle de l'entreprise sociale : le cas de la Corée du Sud
Authors: Bidet Eric , Eum Hyungsik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs a unique case in Asia, South Korea has developed for about 15 years a complex eco‐system for encouraging the promotion of various forms of social enterprises, i.e. enterprises pursuing a social aim and/or operating under a democratic governance. This paper analyses the institutional trajectory of social enterprise in Korea and its close relation with the concept of social economy. A socio‐economic analysis of this trajectory reveals that it is strongly driven by successive consensus towards socially useful organisational forms that remain first relatively unknown and local, and then tend to attract the attention of a growing number of stakeholders, including central and local governments, to eventually generate specific public schemes and laws. Through this analysis, one can understand how far an economic concept like social enterprise is the result of a social construct that depends on the involvement of the public side and the civil society and social movement. It also stresses how important is the decisive role played by relatively minor actors to generate a consensus between different stakeholders and disseminate thus social innovation to reshape public action and public/private forms of partnerships.
The effect of urban temperature gradients on grassland microclimate amelioration in Los Angeles, USA
Authors: English John , Wright Alexandra J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimMicroclimate amelioration between neighboring plants may be more common in environments with greater abiotic stress. This pattern has been shown in deserts, alpine systems, and forests, but has not been explored along urban severity gradients. In this study we hypothesized that strong temperature gradients in the greater Los Angeles area might be driving changes in microclimate amelioration in annual grasslands.LocationTwenty‐seven sites along a 100‐km latitudinal, 72‐km longitudinal urban gradient across the greater Los Angeles area in California, USA.MethodsWe measured macro‐ and microclimate variables during the 2019 growing season. We took measurements of temperature, humidity, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) at the site level as well as under grass canopies.ResultsWe found strong cooling effects of the vegetation during the day and warming effects from vegetation at night. We found that these effects were strongest on the hottest/driest days and at the hottest (and often most urban) sites.ConclusionsOur microclimate amelioration data suggest that positive interactions might become stronger along urban temperature gradients and may be determining plant interactions in these areas in a way that was not previously considered.
Plant communities, populations and individuals have distinct responses to short‐term warming and neighbour biomass removal in two montane grasslands
Authors: Britton Travis G. , Hovenden Mark J. , Porter Meagan , Flittner Anna , Brinkhoff Rose , Mayfield Margaret M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsClimate change will impact plant communities and populations but also individual plant performance. Most predictive models of community responses to climate change ignore individual‐level biotic interactions despite their known importance for community diversity and functioning. Here, we consider plant fitness and diversity responses to climate change associated factors at three organisational levels: communities, populations and individual plants, to increase our understanding of how plant communities respond to climate change.LocationMontane grassland, Tasmania, Australia.MethodsIn two plant communities, we manipulated temperature using open‐top chambers and removed random and dominant species biomass. Two years after experimental manipulations, we assessed the impact of treatments on species diversity, community‐ and population‐level functional traits and individual plant fitness.ResultsSpecies diversity was affected by warming in one of the two communities, while community‐level functional trait diversity metrics were unaffected by treatments. Mean community trait values were strongly impacted by dominant species biomass removal in both communities, notably increasing specific leaf area (SLA) and specific root length. SLA showed the strongest population‐level trait response, with higher values found in warmed plots and lower values found in dominant species biomass removal plots. Neighbours had a stronger competitive effect on individual plant fitness in warmed compared to unwarmed conditions at the higher‐elevation site and facilitation was common in both communities.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that over short time scales, plant communities respond to experimental warming and biomass removal across multiple organisational levels. Competitive and facilitative interactions played a significant role in determining fitness outcomes, but competitive interactions dominated under warmed conditions. We highlight the importance of local‐scale biotic interactions in mediating individual responses to warming and recommend their inclusion in future studies of how climate change will impact the long‐term structure and function of plant communities through short‐term impacts on individual plant fitness.
Ruxolitinib reverses checkpoint inhibition by reducing programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expression and increases anti‐tumour effects of T cells in multiple myeloma
Authors: Chen Haiming , Li Mingjie , Ng Nicole , Yu Erin , Bujarski Sean , Yin Zhengyi , Wen Mingxiang , Hekmati Tara , Field Dylan , Wang Jasper , Nassir Isabella , Yu Janna , Huang Justin , Daniely David , Wang Cathy S. , Xu Ning , Spektor Tanya M. , Berenson James R. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryMultiple myeloma (MM) tumour cells evade host immunity through a variety of mechanisms, which may potentially include the programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1):programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) axis. This interaction contributes to the immunosuppressive bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, ultimately leading to reduced effector cell function. PD‐L1 is overexpressed in MMBM and is associated with the resistance to immune‐based approaches for treating MM. Ruxolitinib (RUX), an inhibitor of the Janus kinase (JAK) family of protein tyrosine kinases, is approved for myeloproliferative diseases. We investigated the effects of RUX alone or in combination with anti‐MM agents on the expression of PD‐L1 and T‐cell cytotoxicity in MM. We showed that the expression of the PD‐L1 gene was markedly increased in BM mononuclear cells from patients with MM with progressive disease versus those in complete remission. Furthermore, RUX treatment resulted in a concentration‐dependent reduction of PD‐L1 gene expression in the MM tumour cells cultured alone or co‐cultured with stromal cells compared with untreated cells. The results also demonstrated that RUX increased MM cell apoptosis in the presence of interleukin‐2‐stimulated T cells to a similar degree as the treatment with anti‐PD‐1 or anti‐PD‐L1 antibodies. In summary, these results indicate that RUX can block PD‐L1 expression resulting in augmentation of anti‐MM effects of T cells.
When more is more: taking advantage of species diversity to move towards sustainable aquaculture
Authors: Thomas Marielle , Pasquet Alain , Aubin Joël , Nahon Sarah , Lecocq Thomas 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTHuman population growth has increased demand for food products, which is expected to double in coming decades. Until recently, this demand has been met by expanding agricultural area and intensifying agrochemical‐based monoculture of a few species. However, this development pathway has been criticised due to its negative impacts on the environment and other human activities. Therefore, new production practices are needed to meet human food requirements sustainably in the future. Herein, we assert that polyculture practices can ensure the transition of aquaculture towards sustainable development. We review traditional and recent polyculture practices (ponds, recirculated aquaculture systems, integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture, aquaponics, integrated agriculture–aquaculture) to highlight how they improve aquaculture through the coexistence and interactions of species. This overview highlights the importance of species compatibility (i.e. species that can live in the same farming environment without detrimental interactions) and complementarity (i.e. complementary use of available resources and/or commensalism/mutualism) to achieve efficient and ethical aquaculture. Overall, polyculture combines aspects of productivity, environmental protection, resource sharing, and animal welfare. However, several challenges must be addressed to facilitate polyculture development across the world. We developed a four‐step conceptual framework for designing innovative polyculture systems. This framework highlights the importance of (i) using prospective approaches to consider which species to combine, (ii) performing integrated assessment of rearing environments to determine in which farming system a particular combination of species is the most relevant, (iii) developing new tools and strategies to facilitate polyculture system management, and (iv) implementing polyculture innovation for relevant stakeholders involved in aquaculture transitions.
Applying Interdisciplinary Frameworks to Study Prenatal Influences on Child Development
Authors: Camerota Marie , Willoughby Michael T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractModern developmental science is informed by several shared principles and adopts a lifespan approach that goes from infancy to senescence. Increasingly, disciplines outside psychology are adopting research frameworks (e.g., fetal origins, developmental origins of health and disease, first 1000 days) that prioritize prenatal experience as a driver of children's long‐term health and developmental outcomes. Despite originating in medical literatures, these new frameworks share many of the core tenets of modern developmental theories. However, they also raise new questions and provoke a broader consideration of developmental influences, outcomes, and contexts. In this article, we describe these frameworks and consider how they align with, differ from, and inform modern developmental science.
Access to oral health care for undocumented migrants: Perspectives of actors involved in a voluntary dental network in the Netherlands
Authors: van Midde Myrthe , Hesse Iris , van der Heijden Geert JMG , Duijster Denise , van Elteren Marianne , Kroesen Margreet , Agyemang Charles , Beune Erik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveUndocumented migrants in Europe face multiple barriers in access to oral health care. This study aimed to explore the accessibility of a voluntary dental network providing dental treatments to undocumented migrants in the Netherlands, from the perspectives of patients, dentists and staff members of nongovernmental organizations involved.MethodsThis qualitative study used semi‐structured interviews (n = 21) with undocumented migrants (n = 12), dentists (n = 7) and staff members of nongovernmental organizations (n = 2) during the implementation of a voluntary dental network. Interviews were analysed using a framework analysis method.ResultsAs a temporary answer to problems in access to oral health for undocumented migrants, the voluntary dental network targeted initial barriers to dental care. Main challenges within the network were conflicting expectations and perceived treatment outcomes by patients, dentist and NGO staff members, limited financial resources, logistic and communication barriers and an increasing administrative burden. Furthermore, feelings of compassion for and trust of the patient affected the ethics of the professional relationship and influenced treatment decisions of dentists.ConclusionThrough the implementation of a voluntary dental network, treatments could be provided to undocumented migrants as a temporary solution. However, the voluntary nature of dental care in the network resulted in a fragmented provision of oral health care among undocumented migrants. To reduce inequalities in oral health on the long term, systemic barriers in access to oral health care need to be addressed.