bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photograph as Skin, Skin as Wax: Indexicality and the Visualisation of Syphilis in Fin-de-Siècle France The William Bynum Prize Essay
Authors: Pierce Kathleen 
Published: December 2019

In early twentieth-century France, syphilis and its controversial status as a hereditary disease reigned as a chief concern for physicians and public health officials. As syphilis primarily presented visually on the surface of the skin, its study fell within the realms of both dermatologists and venereologists, who relied heavily on visual evidence in their detection, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. Thus, in educational textbooks, atlases, and medical models, accurately reproducing the visible signposts of syphilis – the colour, texture, and patterns of primary chancres or secondary rashes – was of preeminent importance. Photography, with its potential claims to mechanical objectivity, would seem to provide the logical tool for such representations.Yet photography’s relationship to syphilographie warrants further unpacking. Despite the rise of a desire for mechanical objectivity charted in the late nineteenth century, artist-produced, three-dimensional, wax-cast moulages coexisted with photographs as significant educational tools for dermatologists; at times, these models were further mediated through photographic reproduction in texts. Additionally, the rise of phototherapy complicated this relationship by fostering the clinical equation of the light-sensitive photographic plate with the patient’s skin, which became the photographic record of disease and successful treatment. This paper explores these complexities to delineate a more nuanced understanding of objectivity vis-à-vis photography and syphilis. Rather than a desire to produce an unbiased image, fin-de-siècle dermatologists marshalled the photographic to exploit the verbal and visual rhetoric of objectivity, authority, and persuasion inextricably linked to culturally constructed understandings of the photograph. This rhetoric was often couched in the Peircean concept of indexicality, which physicians formulated through the language of witness, testimony, and direct connection.
CONFRONTING THE COMMUNAL GRAVE: A REASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL RELATIONS DURING THE HOLOCAUST IN EASTERN EUROPE
Authors: BURZLAFF JAN 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis historiographical review focuses on the complex interactions between Nazi Germany, local populations, and east European Jews during the Holocaust. Braving fierce historical revisionism in eastern Europe and the Baltic states, recent studies have shifted the spotlight from Germans to Poles, Ukrainians, Russians, Lithuanians, and other ethnicities. As a result, the analytic categories with which most historians still work – notably ‘perpetrator/victim/bystander’ and ‘collaboration/resistance’ – have outlived their usefulness. A more complex picture of the Nazi-occupied territories in eastern Europe has emerged and now awaits new theoretical frameworks. This article argues that past paradigms blinded scholars to a range of groups lost in the cracks and to behaviours remaining outside the political sphere. Through four criteria that shed light on the social history of the Holocaust in eastern Europe, it draws connections between central and east European, German, Jewish, and Soviet histories, in order to engage with other fields and disciplines that examine modern mass violence and genocide. As Holocaust studies stands at a crossroads, only a transnational history including all ethnicities and deeper continuities, both temporal and geographical, will enhance our knowledge of how social relations shaped the very evolution of the Holocaust.
Spatial variation in the benthic community composition of coral reefs in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, Indonesia: updated baselines and limited benthic community shifts
Authors: Marlow Joseph , Haris Abdul , Jompa Jamal , Werorilangi Shinta , Bates Tracey , Bennett Holly , Bell James J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCoral reefs have experienced extensive degradation across the world over the last 50 years as a result of a variety of stressors operating at a range of spatial and temporal scales. In order to assess whether declines are continuing, or if reefs are recovering, detailed baseline information is required from across wide spatial scales. Unfortunately, for some regions this information is not readily available, making future reef trajectories difficult to determine. Here we characterized the current benthic community state for coral reefs in the Wakatobi region of Indonesia, one of the most biodiverse marine regions in the world. We surveyed 10 reef sites (5, 10 and 15 m depth) to explore spatial variation in coral reef benthic communities and provide a detailed baseline. Previous data (2002–2011) were available for coral, sponges, algae and soft coral at six of our study sites. Using this information, we determined if any changes had occurred in dominance of these benthic groups. We found that benthic assemblage composition differed significantly over relatively small spatial scales (2–10 km) and hard coral cover was highly variable, ranging from 7–48% (average 19.5% ± 1.5 SE). While coral cover appears to have declined at all sites where data were available since 2002, we found little evidence for widespread increases in other benthic groups or regime shifts. Our study provides a comprehensive baseline dataset for the region that can be used in the future to determine rates of change in benthic communities.
OF NEON LIGHT: MULTIPHONIC AGGREGATES ON THE ELECTRIC GUITAR
Authors: Ciszak Thomas , Josel Seth F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConsiderable research has been made into the harmonic properties and playability of woodwind multiphonics, while the utility of string multiphonics has received far less attention. In recent years, however, there has been an increasing amount of interest in the topic, and several publications have been devoted to acoustic guitar multiphonics. Primarily written for non-guitarist composers, these studies range from the scientific to the practical. Variously, they describe the sonic qualities of the multiphonics, discuss methods of performing them, or examine their spectral content and morphology. Until now, published research into guitar multiphonics has been limited to the acoustic guitar and has examined only its three lower strings. In this study, we analyse multiphonics on all six strings of the electric guitar and present a catalogue of harmonic aggregates on strings 3–1. We test these multiphonics on five different guitars and examine their response to three commonly used analogue effect pedals (compression, overdrive and distortion). In order to precisely indicate the spectral components and harmonic nodes, we have used the Extended Helmholtz-Ellis JI Pitch Notation (HEJI).
Perception of sibilant–liquid phonotactic frequency in full-term and preterm infants
Authors: HENRIKSON Brenna , SEIDL Amanda , SODERSTROM Melanie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe examined full-term and preterm infants’ perception of frequent and infrequent phonotactic pairings involving sibilants and liquids. Infants were tested on their preference for syllables with onsets involving /s/ or /ʃ/ followed by /l/ or /r/ using the Headturn Preference Procedure. Full-term infants preferred the frequent to the infrequent phonotactic pairings at 9 months, but not at either younger or older ages. Evidence was inconclusive regarding a possible difference between full-term and preterm samples; however, limitations on the preterm sample size limited our power to detect differences. Preference for the frequent pairing was not related to later vocabulary development.
Rethinking the genre: urban biographies as means of creating critical public spheres
Authors: Ira Jaroslav 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, I rethink the genre of urban biographies and argue that it can be given new potency when remodelled to become a means of reinvigorating the critical public. In the first part, I reflect upon some of the recent biographies of cities in the Czech Republic. In the second part, I discuss promising strategies, drawn from a sample of innovative urban biographies. In the final part, I outline the guiding principles of an adapted model for urban biographies. I propose that the cities must be repoliticized and recentred in the biographies, which entails adopting a political concept of the city, a deconstructive approach, utilization of the urban presence and a more urban-sensitive treatment of time.
P wave dispersion in assessment of dysrhythmia risk in patients with secundum type atrial septal defect and the effect of transcatheter or surgical closure
Authors: Cenk Mürüvvet , Akalın Figen , Şaylan Berna Ç. , Ak Koray 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAtrial dysrhythmia is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with atrial septal defect. Increased P wave duration can predict the risk of atrial dysrhythmia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of atrial dysrhythmia by measuring P wave dispersion, and to observe the effect of surgical and transcatheter closure. Sixty-one patients and 30 controls were investigated. In patient group, before and after closure and in control group at the time of presentation, 12-lead electrocardiography records were evaluated. P wave duration and amplitude, P wave axis, PR interval, P wave dispersion, QRS axis, corrected QT interval, and QT dispersion were calculated. The measurements in patient and control groups, measurements before and after closure, and measurements of surgical and transcatheter group were compared. There were 27 patients in surgical group and 34 patients in transcatheter group. In patient group, signs of right heart volume overload were apparent but there was no significant difference in terms of P wave dispersion between two groups. We compared patient group in itself and found that while the use of medication, cardiothoracic index, ratio of right ventricular dilation, and paradoxical movement in interventricular septum were increased, mean age of closure was younger in surgical group. While P wave dispersion decreased in transcatheter group after closure, it increased in surgical group (p = 0.021). In conclusion, atrial septal defects may cause atrial repolarisation abnormalities and this effect persists even after surgical closure. Transcatheter closure in childhood may decrease dysrhythmia risk in long-term follow-up.
Clinical profile in schizophrenia and schizoaffective spectrum: relation with unconjugated bilirubin in a prospective and controlled study with psychopathological and psychosocial variables
Authors: Gama Marques João , Ouakinin Sílvia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to assess unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) as biomarker for schizophrenia (SCZ) and schizoaffective (SAF) spectrums disorder (relapse vs. partial remission).MethodsEighty-eight psychotic patients completed first assessment during relapse at ward admission, half with SCZ and half with SAF disorder. Forty-four acute bipolar patients were used as controls. After 12-month follow-up, we collected longitudinal protocol (laboratory, psychopathological, and psychosocial data) from 60 patients, half with SCZ and half with SAF disorder.ResultsDuring psychotic relapse (N = 88), we found a statistically significant difference (analysis of variance [ANOVA]; p = .002), confirmed after post hoc multiple comparisons (Bonferroni) between SCZ (N = 44) and both SAF (N = 44; p = .05) and bipolar controls (N = 44; p = .05); a positive correlation (Pearson’s r = .314) between UCB mean levels and Personal and Social Performance item (d) “disturbing and aggressive behaviors”; and a positive correlation (R2 = .223), with statistically significance (p = .008), between UCB mean levels and mean length of stay at the psychiatric ward in SAF patients who completed full protocol (N = 30). During partial remission (N = 60) we found: a statistically significant difference (ANOVA; p = .006), confirmed after post hoc multiple comparisons (Bonferroni) between SCZ (N = 30) and SAF (N = 30; p = .05); plus a negative correlation (Pearson’s r = −.399) between UCB mean levels and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale item G7 “psychomotor retardation.” Comparing first and second assessments (paired samples t test) we found a statistically significant difference in UCB mean levels among SAF patients (p = .034).ConclusionsThere is potential in the research of UCB as a biological marker for SCZ and SAF spectrums disorders during relapse and partial remission of both syndromes.
Integrating Reservoir Dynamics, Crustal Stress, and Geophysical Observations of the Laguna del Maule Magmatic System by FEM Models and Data Assimilation
Authors: Zhan Y. , Gregg P. M. , Le Mével H. , Miller C. A. , Cardona C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Laguna del Maule volcanic field is a large rhyolitic magmatic system in the Chilean Andes, which has exhibited frequent eruptions during the past 20 ka. Rapid surface uplift (>20 cm/year) has been observed since 2007 accompanied by localized earthquake swarms and microgravity changes, indicating the inflating magma reservoir may interact with a preexisting weak zone (i.e., Troncoso fault). In this investigation, we model the magma reservoir by data assimilation with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data. The reservoir geometry is comparable to the magma body inferred by seismic tomography, magnetotelluric, and gravity studies. The models also suggest that a weak zone, which has little effect on surface displacement, is important as a fluid transport channel to promote earthquakes and microgravity changes. In particular, concentrated dilatancy within the weak zone facilitates the microfracture formation during reservoir inflation. High‐pressure fluid can inject into the weak zone from the magma reservoir to trigger earthquakes and further migrate upward to create positive gravity changes by occupying unsaturated storages. The pore pressure will then decrease, halting the seismicity swarm until the next cycle. This “hydrofracturing” process may release some accumulated stress along the magma reservoir delaying an eventual eruption in turn. Besides, the resultant models are propagated forward in time to evaluate potential stress trajectories for future unrest.
Deep Convective Evolution From Shallow Clouds Over the Amazon and Congo Rainforests
Authors: Chakraborty Sudip , Jiang Jonathan H. , Su Hui , Fu Rong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing satellite measurements from A‐Train constellation and Global Precipitation Measurement mission, we investigate the relationships between the afternoon time shallow convective top height (CTHafternoon) and the evening time deep convective storm top height (CTHevening) and rain rate (RRevening) over the Amazon and Congo regions. We use CloudSat cloud type stratus and stratocumulus as the shallow afternoon clouds. Our results indicate that the afternoon shallow clouds over the Congo region are associated with suppressed and weakened evening time deep convection, whereas shallow clouds over the Amazon region are associated with the growth of the evening time deep convection. Over the Congo region, we find that as CTHafternoon increases, shallow convective rain rate in the afternoon (RRafternoon) increases. As a result, the evening time convective available potential energy (CAPE) as well as free tropospheric humidity (RH700‐300) decrease. Consequently, condensation occurring inside deep convection reduces and CTHevening as well as RRevening decrease over there. Over the Amazon region, however, RRafternoon does not vary significantly with CTHafternoon. As CTHafternoon increases, CAPE, RH700‐300, and condensation occurring inside deep convection increase in the evening. As a result, deep convective CTHevening and RRevening increase with CTHafternoon over the Amazon basin. These dissimilarities in the ambient condition drive the shallow to deep convective evolution differently over these two rainforests. On the other hand, shallow clouds that remain shallow in the evening are associated with less CAPE and RH700‐300, RRafternoon, and RRevening. Although CAPE and RH700‐300 promote deep convection to a height cloud top height, high vertical wind shear inhibits deep convection.
Comprehensive expression patterns of inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Sato Tomohito , Takeuchi Masaru , Karasawa Yoko , Takayama Kei , Enoki Toshio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNeovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a complex and multi-factorial disease, and low-grade inflammation is associated with pathogenesis of nAMD. Aqueous humor could reflect intraocular immune environments in various eye diseases. The research so far used aqueous humor samples and revealed that inflammation is involved in pathophysiology of nAMD, although immunological roles of cytokines were evaluated inadequately with aspect to individual effects. Here we used 27 kinds of cytokines covering general immunologic reactions, examined specific expression patterns of cytokines, and assessed relationships between inflammation and pathophysiology of nAMD by multivariate analyses. In nAMD eyes, principal component analysis showed that IL-7, MCP-1, MIP-1β and VEGF had high principal component loadings of over 0.6 in the first principal component constituting 32.6% of all variability of the data. In exploratory factor analysis, IL-6, MCP-1 and MIP-1β had high factor loadings (FL) of over 0.5 in Factor 1 constituting 32.6% of all variability, while VEGF had FL of over 1.0 in Factor 3 constituting 10.7% of all variability. In hierarchical cluster analysis, MCP-1 and VEGF were located in the cluster of first proximate mutual distance to central retinal thickness. These data could suggest that low-grade inflammation is a principal contributor in nAMD.
Temporal-spatial trends in potentially toxic trace element pollution in farmland soil in the major grain-producing regions of China
Authors: Shang Erping , Xu Erqi , Zhang Hongqi , Huang Caihong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPollution from potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) is becoming serious and widespread in farmland soils in China, threatening food security and human health. Few large-scale studies systematically analyzed their temporal-spatial trends over vast spatially elaborate sites. The soil health status of the main grain producing areas was first announced based on a total of 3662 spatially elaborate farmland topsoil sites from the 1980s to the 2000s. Nearly 21.5% of sites were polluted, although only slightly. Pollution from the Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Hg was more serious. Pollution was more extensive in the south than in the north. There was an increasing trend in the PTE concentrations, especially Cd with a growth of 21–25%, and in the proportion of mixed pollution at the sites (19.3%), Cd (21.5%), Pb (3.6%), Zn (5.7%), Cu (7.0%), and Hg (3.1%). Furthermore, temporal variations in severe Cd pollution and mixed-level Hg pollution in the north are severer. This study may provide guidance for policymakers regarding the protection and high-risk area of PTE contamination in the soils.
Influence of OATP1B1 and BCRP polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rosuvastatin in elderly and young Korean subjects
Authors: Kim Yun , Yoon Seonghae , Choi Yewon , Yoon Seo Hyun , Cho Joo-Youn , Jang In-Jin , Yu Kyung-Sang , Chung Jae-Yong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA lack of information regarding whether genetic polymorphisms of SLCO1B1 and ABCG2 affect the pharmacokinetics (PKs)/pharmacodynamics (PDs) of rosuvastatin in elderly subjects prevents optimal individualized pharmacotherapy of rosuvastatin in clinical settings. This study aimed to investigate the effect of age and genetic polymorphisms and possible differences in genetic effects on the PKs/PDs of rosuvastatin between elderly and young subjects. Two separate clinical studies designed as open-label, one-sequence studies with multiple-dose administration for elderly (n = 20) and young (n = 32) subjects were conducted. All subjects received 20 mg of rosuvastatin once daily for 21 days. The exposure to rosuvastatin, characterized by the area under the time curve (AUC), increased by 23% in the elderly subjects compared with that of young subjects, which was not significant. When compared to the subjects with breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) normal function, the exposure to rosuvastatin increased by 44% in young subjects (p = 0.0021) with BCRP intermediate function (IF) and by 35% and 59% (p > 0.05 for both) in elderly subjects with BCRP IF and low function, respectively. SLCO1B1 521T > C was also partially associated with a higher AUC of rosuvastatin in young subjects and a less pronounced increasing trend in elderly subjects (p > 0.05 for both). The lipid-lowering effect of rosuvastatin was less pronounced in the elderly subjects than in the young subjects, and genetic polymorphisms of neither SLCO1B1 nor ABCG2 significantly affected the PDs of rosuvastatin. The ABCG2 421C > A polymorphism was associated with the PKs of rosuvastatin and was identified as a more important determinant than the SLCO1B1 521T > C polymorphism in both elderly and young subjects.
Multi-parameter immune profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by multiplexed single-cell mass cytometry in patients with early multiple sclerosis
Authors: Böttcher Chotima , Fernández-Zapata Camila , Schlickeiser Stephan , Kunkel Desiree , Schulz Axel R. , Mei Henrik E. , Weidinger Carl , Gieß René M. , Asseyer Susanna , Siegmund Britta , Paul Friedemann , Ruprecht Klemens , Priller Josef 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Studies in rodent models demonstrated an association of CNS-infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages with disease severity. However, little is known about humans. Here, we performed an exploratory analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy controls and drug-naïve patients with early MS using multiplexed single-cell mass cytometry and algorithm-based data analysis. Two antibody panels comprising a total of 64 antibodies were designed to comprehensively analyse diverse immune cell populations, with particular emphasis on monocytes. PBMC composition and marker expression were overall similar between the groups. However, an increased abundance of CCR7+ and IL-6+ T cells was detected in early MS-PBMCs, whereas NFAT1hiT-bethiCD4+ T cells were decreased. Similarly, we detected changes in the subset composition of the CCR7+ and MIPβhi HLA-DR+ lymphocyte compartment. Only mild alterations were detected in monocytes/myeloid cells of patients with early MS, namely a decreased abundance of CD141hiIRF8hiCXCR3+CD68− dendritic cells. Unlike in Crohn’s disease, no significant differences were found in the monocyte fraction of patients with early MS compared to healthy controls. This study provides a valuable resource for future studies designed to characterise and target diverse PBMC subsets in MS.