bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of speech genres on the use of referring
expressions
Authors: Vinel Elise , Salazar Orvig Anne , de Weck Geneviève , Nashawati Salma , Rahmati Somayeh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter is aimed to assess the impact of
speech genre on the use of referring expressions. We examined this
impact in two corpora of mother-child dialogues (toddlers, ages
1;10–2;6 years and older children ages 4–7 years) via two separate
studies. The first study showed that among the toddlers, the
discursive sequence and the utterance genre influenced the use of
referring expression more strongly than the position in the
referential chain. In the second study, which looked at the
narrative sequences in both corpora, we observed two phenomena:
firstly, demonstrative expressions were relatively independent of
the position in the referential chain, with genre overriding
position; secondly, position in the referential chain took
precedence for the noun-pronoun opposition, a key factor in how
characters are handled in a narrative. However, the results also
showed that the position factor interacted with both genre and age.
The discussion deals with the implications of these findings for
understanding children’s first uses of referring expressions.
Performance of the MeltPro MTB Assays in the Diagnosis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Using Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues
Authors: Mu Jing , Liu Zichen , Zhang Chen , Wang Chongli , Du Weili , Lin Haifeng , Li Kun , Song Jing , Che Nanying , Liu Honggang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The MeltPro MTB assays for detection of resistance to antituberculosis (TB) drugs perform well in genotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) of clinical samples, but their effectiveness with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues is unknown.

Methods
FFPE tissues were obtained from 334 patients with TB. Susceptibility to rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), and fluoroquinolones was examined using the MeltPro MTB assays, with Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) and/or phenotypic DST (pDST) results as references. Samples with discordant results were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction–targeted amplicon sequencing (MTA-seq).

Results
With pDST as the reference, the MeltPro MTB assays sensitivity for RIF, INH, levofloxacin (LVX), and moxifloxacin (MXF) was 95.00%, 96.00%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, and the specificity was 95.15%, 95.92%, 94.69%, and 89.92%, respectively. Concordance was 99.08% between the MeltPro MTB and Xpert (κ = 0.956) for RIF and 95.12% (κ = 0.834), 95.93% (κ = 0.880), 95.12% (κ = 0.744), and 90.24% (κ = 0.367) between the MeltPro MTB and pDST for RIF, INH, LVX, and MXF, respectively. MTA-seq confirmed the discordancy between the MeltPro MTB and pDST for 26 (89.66%) of 29 samples.

Conclusions
The MeltPro MTB assays rapidly and efficiently predict Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to the main first- and second-line anti-TB drugs in FFPE tissues.
Blurring the Borders with Anzaldúa in Context-Informed, Anti-Oppressive Research: The Case of Bedouin Women
Authors: Marey-Sarwan Ibtisam , Roer-Strier Dorit , Strier Roni 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStudies show that context-blind, quasi-universalist professional discourses may engender oppressive social work practices with excluded populations. For example, research confirms that social work with children and families, overtly or covertly embedded in Eurocentric, binary discourse of risk and protection, has played a highly negative role in the history of social work with non-Western populations. Based on Gloria Anzaldúa’s theory of the border, the article proposes context-informed, anti-oppressive social work research as a strategy to deconstruct binary and essentialist social work discourses with marginalized populations. Exemplified by a research project conducted in partnership with thirty-three Bedouin women in the southern part of Israel, the article offers a platform for the examination of the border as a liminal arena in which change took place by blurring theoretical, methodological and practical borders.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Bacillary Load by Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Polymerase Chain Reaction Cycle Threshold Value Predicts 2-Week Mortality in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Martyn Emily M , Bangdiwala Ananta S , Kagimu Enock , Rutakingirwa Morris K , Kasibante John , Okirwoth Michael , Stead Gavin , Wadda Vincent , Pullen Matthew F , Bold Tyler D , Meya David B , Boulware David R , Bahr Nathan C , Cresswell Fiona V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization recommends GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra), a fully automated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, as the initial tuberculous meningitis (TBM) diagnostic test. The assay’s PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values represent the number of PCR cycles required for probe signal to be detected (low Ct value = high bacillary load) and may approximate tuberculosis (TB) bacillary load. We measured the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) TB bacillary load with mortality.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled 102 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive Ugandans with probable or definite TBM from April 2015 to August 2019. Xpert Ultra Ct tertiles and semi-quantitative categories were separately analyzed as predictors of 2-week mortality. We investigated associations between Ct and baseline clinical and CSF parameters.

Results
Subjects with Ct values in the low tertile (ie, high bacillary load) had 57% 2-week mortality—worse than the intermediate (17%) and high (25%) Ct tertiles and Xpert Ultra–negative (30%) probable TBM cases (P = .01). In contrast, the reported semi-quantitative Xpert Ultra categorization was less precise; with the medium to low category trending toward worse 2-week survival (42%) compared with very low (28%), trace (26%), and negative (30%) categories (P = .48). Ct tertile was significantly associated with baseline CSF lactate (P = .03).

Conclusions
High CSF TB bacillary load, as measured by Xpert Ultra Ct tertile, is associated with an almost 2-fold higher 2-week mortality in HIV-associated TBM and is a better predictor than the reported Xpert Ultra semi-quantitative category. Xpert Ultra Ct values could identify TBM patients at increased risk of death who may benefit from enhanced supportive care.
Validation of the Red Flags Index for Early Diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease: A Prospective Observational IG-IBD Study Among General Practitioners
Authors: Fiorino Gionata , Bonovas Stefanos , Gilardi Daniela , Di Sabatino Antonio , Allocca Mariangela , Furfaro Federica , Roda Giulia , Lenti Marco V , Aronico Nicola , Mengoli Caterina , Angeli Enzo , Gaffuri Nicola , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Danese Silvio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Diagnostic delay &gt;12 months is frequent in Crohn’s disease [CD]. Recently, the International Organization for Inflammatory Bowel Disease [IO-IBD] developed a tool to identify early CD and reduce diagnostic delay. Subjects with an index ≥8 are more likely to have suspected CD (odds ratio [OR] 205, p &lt;0.0001). We aimed to validate this questionnaire at the community level in patients seen by the general practitioners [GPs] in two large areas of Lombardy, Italy.

Methods
Consecutive adult patients referring to the GP were screened. The GPs administered the Red Flags [RF] questionnaire to the eligible patients. All patients were referred to the nearest participating centre to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of CD. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values [PPV, NPV] of the RF index [RFI] were calculated. Patients lost to follow-up after the first gastroenterological visit were analysed using a non-responder imputation, assuming they were negative for CD diagnosis.

Results
From November 2016 to November 2019, 112 patients were included. A total of 66 subjects [59%] completed the study after the first gastroenterological visit. The prevalence of CD was 3.6% in the study population [4/112]. The RF index had 50% sensitivity, 58% specificity, 4% PPV, and 97% NPV. A combined diagnostic strategy with faecal calprotectin [FC] [RFI ≥8 and/or FC &gt;250 ng/g] resulted in significantly improved accuracy: sensitivity 100% [29–100%], specificity 72% [55–85%], PPV = 21% [5–51%], NPV = 100% [88–100%].

Conclusions
The RF Index combined with FC is a valid tool to identify patients with high probability of having CD at early stage.
Nationwide cohort study of tricuspid valve repair versus replacement for infective endocarditis
Authors: Lee Hsiu-An , Chou An-Hsun , Wu Victor Chien-Chia , Chan Yi-Shin , Cheng Yu-Ting , Chang Chih-Hsiang , Chang Shang-Hung , Hung Kuo-Chun , Chu Pao-Hsien , Chen Shao-Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of tricuspid valve (TV) repair versus replacement for patients with infective endocarditis (IE).

METHODS
In this nationwide population-based cohort study, we identified 704 patients from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database who underwent TV surgery due to IE between 2000 and 2013. Of them, 412 (58.5%) underwent TV repair and 292 (41.5%) underwent TV replacement, and their perioperative and late outcomes were analysed. Confounding was reduced using the inverse probability of treatment weighting on propensity score.

RESULTS
After inverse probability of treatment weighting, the in-hospital mortality rate between the 2 groups was not significantly different. However, patients who received TV repair had lower rates of perioperative complications, including massive blood transfusion, de novo dialysis and deep wound infection; longer ICU and hospital stays; and higher hospital cost. Regarding late outcomes, TV repair was associated with lower risks of all-cause readmission [subdistribution hazard ratio (HR) 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–0.78; P &lt; 0.001], readmission for adverse liver outcomes (subdistribution HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58–0.97; P = 0.025), new permanent pacemaker implantation (subdistribution HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.15–0.48; P &lt; 0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.51–0.71; P &lt; 0.001) than TV replacement.

CONCLUSIONS
For IE, TV repair is associated with better early and late outcomes than TV replacement. A repair-first strategy is recommended for patients with IE for whom TV surgery is indicated.
Potential Distributions of the Invasive Barnacle Scale Ceroplastes cirripediformis (Hemiptera: Coccidae) Under Climate Change and Implications for Its Management
Authors: Wang Fang , Wang Duo , Guo Ge , Zhang Meixia , Lang Jiayi , Wei Jiufeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock is one of the most destructive invasive pests that have caused various negative impacts to agricultural, ornamental, and greenhouse plants. Since it is time- and labor-consuming to control C. cirripediformis, habitat evaluation of this pest may be the most cost-effective method for predicting its dispersal and avoiding its outbreaks. Here, we evaluated the effects of climatic variables on distribution patterns of C. cirripediformis and produced a global risk map for its outbreak under current and future climate scenarios using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model. Our results showed that mean temperature of driest quarter (Bio 9), precipitation of coldest quarter (Bio 19), precipitation of warmest quarter (Bio 18), and mean temperature of wettest quarter (Bio 8) were the main factors influencing the current modeled distribution of C. cirripediformis, respectively, contributing 41.9, 29.4, 18.8, and 7.9%. The models predicted that, globally, potential distribution of C. cirripediformis would be across most zoogeographical regions under both current and future climate scenarios. Moreover, in the future, both the total potential distribution region and its area of highly suitable habitat are expected to expand slightly in all representative concentration pathway scenarios. The information generated from this study will contribute to better identify the impacts of climate change upon C. cirripediformis’s potential distribution while also providing a scientific basis for forecasting insect pest spread and outbreaks. Furthermore, this study serves an early warning for the regions of potential distribution, predicted as highly suitable habitats for this pest, which could promote its prevention and control.
Quantitative Mammographic Density Measurements and Molecular Subtypes in Chinese Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Tian Yuan , Guida Jennifer L , Koka Hela , Li Er-Ni , Zhu Bin , Sung Hyuna , Chan Ariane , Zhang Han , Tang Eric , Guo Changyuan , Deng Joseph , Hu Nan , Lu Ning , Gierach Gretchen L , Li Jing , Yang Xiaohong R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies investigating associations between mammographic density (MD) and breast cancer subtypes have generated mixed results. We previously showed that having extremely dense breasts was associated with the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-enriched subtype in Chinese breast cancer patients.MethodsIn this study, we reevaluated the MD-subtype association in 1549 Chinese breast cancer patients, using VolparaDensity software to obtain quantitative MD measures. All statistical tests were 2-sided.ResultsCompared with women with luminal A tumors, women with luminal B/HER2- (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04 to 1.38; P = .01), luminal B/HER2+ (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.46; P = .03), and HER2-enriched tumors (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.59; P = .01) had higher fibroglandular dense volume. These associations were stronger in patients with smaller tumors (&lt;2 cm). In contrast, the triple-negative subtype was associated with lower nondense volume (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68 to 0.99; P = .04), and the association was only seen among older women (age 50 years or older).ConclusionAlthough biological mechanisms remain to be investigated, the associations for the HER2-enriched and luminal B subtypes with increasing MD may partially explain the higher prevalence of luminal B and HER2+ breast cancers previously reported in Asian women.
ATLASGAL – relationship between dense star-forming clumps and interstellar masers
Authors: Billington S J , Urquhart J S , König C , Beuther H , Breen S L , Menten K M , Campbell-White J , Ellingsen S P , Thompson M A , Moore T J T , Eden D J , Kim W-J , Leurini S 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We have used catalogues from several Galactic plane surveys and dedicated observations to investigate the relationship between various maser species and Galactic star-forming clumps, as identified by the APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy (ATLASGAL) survey. The maser transitions of interest are the 6.7 and 12.2-GHz methanol masers, 22.2-GHz water masers, and the masers emitting in the four ground-state hyperfine structure transitions of hydroxyl. We find clump association rates for the water, hydroxyl and methanol masers to be 56, 39, and 82 per cent, respectively, within the Galactic longitude range of 60○ &gt; ℓ &gt; −60○. We investigate the differences in physical parameters between maser associated clumps and the full ATLASGAL sample, and find that clumps coincident with maser emission are more compact with increased densities and luminosities. However, we find the physical conditions within the clumps are similar for the different maser species. A volume density threshold of n(H2) &gt; 104.1 cm−3 for the 6.7-GHz methanol maser found in our previous study is shown to be consistent across for all maser species investigated. We find limits that are required for the production of maser emission to be 500 L⊙ and 6 M⊙, respectively. The evolutionary phase of maser associated clumps is investigated using the L/M ratio of clumps coincident with maser emission, and these have similar L/M ranges (∼100.2−102.7 L⊙/M⊙) regardless of the associated transitions. This implies that the conditions required for the production of maser emission only occur during a relatively narrow period during a star’s evolution. Lower limits of the statistical lifetimes for each maser species are derived, ranging from ∼0.4−2 × 104 yr and are in good agreement with the ‘straw man’ evolutionary model previously presented.
The efficacy and safety of citrate mixture vs sodium bicarbonate on urine alkalization in Chinese primary gout patients with benzbromarone: a prospective, randomized controlled study
Authors: Xue Xiaomei , Liu Zhen , Li Xinde , Lu Jie , Wang Can , Wang Xuefeng , Ren Wei , Sun Ruixia , Jia Zhaotong , Ji Xiaopeng , Chen Ying , He Yuwei , Ji Aichang , Sun Wenyan , Zhang Hui , Merriman Tony R , Li Changgui , Cui Lingling 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the efficacy and safety of citrate mixture and sodium bicarbonate on urine alkalization in gout patients under benzbromarone treatment.

Methods
A prospective, randomized, parallel controlled trial was conducted among 200 gout patients in the dedicated gout clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The participants were randomly divided into two groups (1:1), sodium bicarbonate group (3 g/day) and citrate mixture group (7 g/day). All patients were prescribed with 25 mg/day benzbromarone at initiation and maintained at a dose of 50 mg/day. Clinical and biochemical data were collected at each follow-up time point (baseline, weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12).

Results
A total of 182 patients completed the 12-week urine alkalization study. The urine pH value of both groups increased significantly from the baseline to the final follow-up time point (sodium bicarbonate group, 5.50–6.00, P &lt; 0.05; citrate mixture group, 5.53–5.93, P &lt; 0.05). While the comparisons regarding urine pH between treatment groups showed no significant differences for each time point. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) dropped significantly after 12 weeks’ trial in the sodium bicarbonate group (P &lt; 0.01), while it was comparable between baseline and the last follow-up (P &gt; 0.05) in the citrate mixture group. Results of urine analysis showed that the incident rate of occult blood in the sodium bicarbonate group was higher than that in the citrate mixture group (38 vs 24%, P &lt; 0.05), accompanied by a similar occurrence of kidney stones. After 12-week follow-up, the frequency of twice gout flare in the citrate mixture group was significantly lower than that in sodium bicarbonate group (4 vs 12%, P = 0.037). No treatment-emergent adverse events occurred.

Conclusion
The efficacy of citrate mixture on urine alkalization is comparable to sodium bicarbonate under benzbromarone treatment without significant adverse events. Citrate mixture is superior to sodium bicarbonate in lowering the incidence of urine occult blood and the frequency of gout attacks.

Trial registration
Registered with ChiCTR (http://www.chictr.org.cn), No. ChiCTR1800018518.
DEVELOPMENT OF OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE BADGE READER SYSTEM FOR INDIVIDUAL MONITORING OF RADIATION WORKERS
Authors: Mishra D R , Paliwal Lovely , Sutar S S , Singh A K 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new Optically Stimulated Luminescence Badge Reader (OSBARE-1) system has been designed and developed for application in the individual monitoring dosimetry. This badge reader system utilizes the 470-nm light of a blue LED for CW-OSL readout with the help of PMT photon counting module. The developed reader system can process four element 24 OSLD cards within 25 min. These four-element OSLD card consists of the Teflon embedded indigenously developed dosimetric grade α-Al2O3:C phosphor. The minimum measurable dose (MMD) was found to be ~26 μGy for these OSLD cards with reproducibility of ~1.12%. The various operational parameters such as variation in the dark counts, OSL scattering background counts and reproducibility have been studied in detailed for this reader system. The dosimetric studies performed on this developed reader system found to have a great potential for the OSLD-based large-scale personnel monitoring program for the radiation workers.
The impact of air pollution on terrestrial managed and natural vegetation
Authors: Stevens C. J. , Bell J. N. B. , Brimblecombe P. , Clark C. M. , Dise N. B. , Fowler D. , Lovett G. M. , Wolseley P. A. 
Published: September 2020

Although awareness that air pollution can damage vegetation dates back at least to the 1600s, the processes and mechanisms of damage were not rigorously studied until the late twentieth century. In the UK following the Industrial Revolution, urban air quality became very poor, with highly phytotoxic SO2and NO2concentrations, and remained that way until the mid-twentieth century. Since then both air quality, and our understanding of pollutants and their impacts, have greatly improved. Air pollutants remain a threat to natural and managed ecosystems. Air pollution imparts impacts through four major threats to vegetation are discussed through in a series of case studies. Gas-phase effects by the primary emissions of SO2and NO2are discussed in the context of impacts on lichens in urban areas. The effects of wet and dry deposited acidity from sulfur and nitrogen compounds are considered with a particular focus on forest decline. Ecosystem eutrophication by nitrogen deposition focuses on heathland decline in the Netherlands, and ground-level ozone at phytotoxic concentrations is discussed by considering impacts on semi-natural vegetation. We find that, although air is getting cleaner, there is much room for additional improvement, especially for the effects of eutrophication on managed and natural ecosystems.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Air quality, past present and future’.
How will air quality effects on human health, crops and ecosystems change in the future?
Authors: von Schneidemesser Erika , Driscoll Charles , Rieder Harald E. , Schiferl Luke D. 
Published: September 2020

Future air quality will be driven by changes in air pollutant emissions, but also changes in climate. Here, we review the recent literature on future air quality scenarios and projected changes in effects on human health, crops and ecosystems. While there is overlap in the scenarios and models used for future projections of air quality and climate effects on human health and crops, similar efforts have not been widely conducted for ecosystems. Few studies have conducted joint assessments across more than one sector. Improvements in future air quality effects on human health are seen in emission reduction scenarios that are more ambitious than current legislation. Larger impacts result from changing particulate matter (PM) abundances than ozone burdens. Future global health burdens are dominated by changes in the Asian region. Expected future reductions in ozone outside of Asia will allow for increased crop production. Reductions in PM, although associated with much higher uncertainty, could offset some of this benefit. The responses of ecosystems to air pollution and climate change are long-term, complex, and interactive, and vary widely across biomes and over space and time. Air quality and climate policy should be linked or at least considered holistically, and managed as a multi-media problem.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Air quality, past present and future’.