bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Producing co‐production: Reflections on the development of a complex intervention
Authors: Madden Mary , Morris Steph , Ogden Margaret , Lewis David , Stewart Duncan , McCambridge Jim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement and co‐production are widely used, but nevertheless contested concepts in applied health research. There is much confusion about what they are, how they might be undertaken and how they relate to each other. There are distinct challenges and particular gaps in public involvement in alcohol research, especially when the study focus is on health matters other than alcohol dependence.ObjectiveTo explore how patient and public involvement and co‐production have been interpreted and applied within a multi‐disciplinary research programme in the development of a complex intervention on alcohol and medicine use in community pharmacies.DesignThe paper presents the authors' critical reflection on a grounded example of how public involvement concepts have been translated into practice in the intervention development phase of a publicly funded research programme, noting its impact on the programme to date.DiscussionCo‐production adds another layer of complexity in the development of a complex intervention. The research planning requirements for publicly funded research circumscribe the possibilities for co‐production, including impacting on the possibility of stability and continuity over time.
Immobilization of simulated waste into pure Gd2Zr2O7 pyrochlore without space occupancy design
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Luo Fen , Shu Xiaoyan , Chen Shunzhang , Wei Guilin , Li Bingsheng , Xie Yi , Yuan Wenqing , Yi Facheng , Lu Xirui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, different molar ratios of Nd:Ce were directly mixed with prepared pure Gd2Zr2O7 powders without space occupancy design. Samples were obtained by performing sparking plasma sintering (SPS) at 1750°C for 5 minutes. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results show that maximum solid solubility of simulated radionuclides can reach 50 mol%. In addition, all samples with the maximum solid solubility have high compactness, and all elements are evenly distributed on the surface of the samples. The samples show a better crystallization effect as the molar ratio of Nd:Ce increases. The maximum solid solubility increases from 42 mol% to 50 mol% when the amount of Nd2O3 reaches 66 mol%.
Assessment of the tidal effect on flood inundation in a low‐lying river basin under composite future scenarios
Authors: Yonehara Shin , Kawasaki Akiyuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale flooding causing widespread devastation is expected to increase in the low‐lying river basin of developing countries. Flood inundation occurring in deltaic environments are caused by both river runoff and tides. Furthermore, flood risk in deltas can be exacerbated by composite driving forces, such as future climate change, land‐use change, and sea‐level rise. Flood hazard maps have provided one way to visualize flood risk, and are generally created with future projection. However, existing hazard maps have not incorporated the tidal effect and have not assessed the impact of these three future driving factors simultaneously. Here we presented a method to quantify and visualize the tidal effect on flood inundation under current and future scenarios by coupling rainfall‐runoff and inundation models, and tide level data. We found simulations of the composite future scenario indicate a 1.27‐fold increase in the inundation area, with a two‐fold increase in the extent of the tidal effect for the case of a with any return period rainfall event. These achievements can be used to provide flood hazard maps that also visualize the tidal effect. This new information will enhance our understanding of flood risk in low‐lying areas and contribute further to disaster risk reduction.
Overview of guidance for endoscopy during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Lui Rashid N , Wong Sunny H , Sánchez‐Luna Sergio A , Pellino Gianluca , Bollipo Steven , Wong Mei‐Yin , Chiu Philip W Y , Sung Joseph J Y 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFrom its beginning in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak has spread globally from Wuhan and is now declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The sheer scale and severity of this pandemic is unprecedented in the modern era. Although primarily a respiratory tract infection transmitted by direct contact and droplets, during aerosol‐generating procedures, there is a possibility of airborne transmission. In addition, emerging evidence suggests possible fecal–oral spread of the virus. Clinical departments that perform endoscopy are faced with daunting challenges during this pandemic. To date, multiple position statements and guidelines have been issued by various professional organizations to recommend practices in endoscopic procedures. This article aims to summarize and discuss available evidence for these practices, to provide guidance for endoscopy to enhance patient safety, avoid nosocomial outbreaks, protect healthcare personnel, and ensure rational use of personal protective equipment. Responses adapted to national recommendations and local infection control guidelines and tailored to the availability of medical resources are imminently needed to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Association between myotonometric measurement of masseter muscle stiffness and maximum bite force in healthy elders
Authors: Hara Koji , Namiki Chizuru , Yamaguchi Kohei , Kobayashi Kenichiro , Saito Takayuki , Nakagawa Kazuharu , Ishii Miki , Okumura Takuma , Tohara Haruka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaximum bite force (MBF) is a common and useful index of masticatory function; it correlates with physical strength in elderly people. Palpation of stiffness in the masseter muscle during forceful biting has been considered to be associated with MBF. However, this assessment method relies on subjective judgments; no study has verified the relationship between MBF and quantitative measurements of masseter muscle stiffness (MMS).ObjectiveWe aimed to verify the association between masseter muscle myotonometric assessment results and MBF.MethodsIn total, 117 community‐dwelling >65‐year‐old individuals from the Tokyo metropolitan area were assessed. MMS on the dominant side during forceful biting was measured with a MyotonPRO device. Masseter muscle thickness (MMT) during rest and forceful biting was measured with an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, and the difference in MMT (DMMT) between the rest and forceful biting conditions was determined. MBF data were obtained with a pressure‐sensitive sheet and an associated device. To determine the independent variables affecting MBF and MMS, multivariate linear regression analyses with adjustments for age, sex and number of teeth were performed.ResultsThe multivariate analysis revealed that MBF correlated with the number of teeth (β = .489, P < .001) and MMS (β = .259, P = .003) (R2 = .433). MMS correlated with MBF (β = .308, P = .003) and DMMT (β = .430, P < .001) (R2 = .326).ConclusionMasseter muscle stiffness possibly reflects a force generated by the masseter muscle during forceful biting. Therefore, MMS is effective to assess tooth loss as well as an index of masseter muscle strength when evaluating MBF.
Combating antibiotic resistance using guidelines and enhanced stewardship in Kenya: a protocol for an implementation science approach
Authors: Gitaka Jesse , Kamita Moses , Mureithi Dominic , Ndegwa Davies , Masika Moses , Omuse Geoffrey , Ngari Moses , Makokha Francis , Mwaura Peter , Mathai Ronald , Muregi Francis , Mwau Matilu 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing problem globally especially in Sub-Saharan Africa including Kenya. Without any intervention, lower/middle-income countries (LMICs) will be most affected due to already higher AMR levels compared with higher income countries and due to the far higher burden of diseases in the LMICs. Studies have consistently shown that inappropriate use of antimicrobials is the major driver of AMR. To address this challenge, hospitals are now implementing antibiotic stewardship programmes (ASPs), which have been shown to achieve reduced antibiotic usage, to decrease the prevalence of resistance and lead to significant economic benefits. However, the implementation of the guideline is highly dependent on the settings in which they are rolled out. This study, employing an implementation science approach, aims to address the knowledge gap in this area and provide critical data as well as practical experiences when using antibiotic guidelines and stewardship programmes in the public health sector. This will provide evidence of ASP performance and potentially contribute to the county, national and regional policies on antibiotics use.Methods and analysisThe study will be conducted in three geographically diverse regions, each represented by two hospitals. A baseline study on antibiotic usage, resistance and de-escalation, duration of hospital stay, rates of readmission and costs will be carried out in the preimplementation phase. The intervention, that is, the use of antibiotic guidelines and ASPs will be instituted for 18 months using a stepwise implementation strategy that will facilitate learning and continuous improvement of stewardship activities and updating of guidelines to reflect the evolving antibiotic needs.Ethics and disseminationApprovals to carry out the study have been obtained from the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation and the Mount Kenya University Ethics Review Committee. The approvals from the two institutions were used to obtain permission to conduct the study at each of the participating hospitals. Study findings will be presented to policy stakeholders and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. It is anticipated that the findings will inform the appropriate antibiotic use guidelines within our local context.
‘You have got a foreign body in there’: renal transplantation, unexpected mild-to-moderate distress and patients’ support needs: a qualitative study
Authors: Jones Janet , Damery Sarah , Allen Kerry , Nicholas Johann , Baharani Jyoti , Combes Gill 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo explore why transplant patients experience unexpected mild-to-moderate distress and what support they may need.DesignQualitative study using individual in-depth interviews.SettingFour National Health Service (NHS) Trusts in the Midlands, UK.ParticipantsFifteen renal transplant patients meeting the criteria for mild-to-moderate distress from their responses to emotion thermometers.Main outcome measuresIdentification of the reasons for distress and support options acceptable to renal transplant patients.ResultsThree themes were interpreted from the data: ‘I am living with a “foreign body” inside me’, ‘why am I distressed?’ and ‘different patients want different support’. Following their transplant, participants felt that they should be happy and content, but this was often not the case. They described a range of feelings about their transplant, such as uncertainty about the lifespan of their new kidney, fear of transplant failure or fear of the donor having health conditions that may transfer to them. A few experienced survivors’ guilt when others they had met at the dialysis unit had not received a transplant or because someone had died to enable them to receive the transplant. No longer having regular contact with the renal unit made participants feel isolated. Some participants did not initially attribute the source of their distress to their transplant. Participants’ preferred support for their distress and their preferences about who should deliver it varied from peer support to seeing a psychologist.ConclusionsRaising the issue of post-transplant mild-to-moderate distress with patients and encouraging them to think about and plan coping strategies pretransplant may prove beneficial for the patient and healthcare provider. Patients should be able to choose from a variety of support options.
UK palliative medicine trainees and multisource communication skills feedback: an educational tool?
Authors: Webber Katherine , Selman Rebecca 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundMultisource feedback provides ratings of a trainee doctor’s performance from a range of assessors and enables 360 degree feedback on communication skills and team working behaviours. It is a tool used throughout palliative medicine training in the UK. There are limited data on the value of multisource feedback from a palliative medicine trainee perspective.AimTo study the views of palliative medicine trainees regarding multisource feedback as an educational tool to develop communication skills.DesignA multimodal study encompassing a focus group and questionnaire mailed to all deanery palliative doctors.Setting/participantsAll palliative medicine trainees within a UK training deanery.ResultsOver half of responding trainees thought multisource feedback had little or no impact on their clinical practice. Improvements in delivery of multisource feedback to maximise learning were identified, including skilled feedback and facilitation by educational supervisors.ConclusionsDespite multisource feedback currently having limited benefits, a number of recommendations are suggested to improve this.
Adjuvant intraperitoneal ceftriaxone in the treatment of septic peritonitis in horses
Authors: de Moura Alonso Juliana , dos Santos Rosa Gustavo , Santos Bruna , Guerra Simony , Ribeiro Márcio , Watanabe Marcos Jun , Alves A , Rodrigues Celso , Takahira Regina Kiomi , Hussni Carlos Alberto 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundIntraperitoneal administration of ceftriaxone maintains therapeutic abdominal concentrations for 24 hours in healthy horses. Therefore, it is a possible treatment for septic peritonitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ceftriaxone as an adjuvant treatment in horses with septic peritonitis.MethodsTwenty‐six horses with clinical signs, sonography and/or laboratory findings of septic peritonitis were included. Peritoneal fluid was collected for microbiological culture and in vitro microbial sensitivity profile assessment. Daily intraperitoneal administration of ceftriaxone (25 mg/kg) was initiated with supportive and systemic antimicrobial treatment. The animals were divided into three groups: group 1—gastrointestinal tract injuries and abdominal surgery (excluding perforations/ruptures); group 2—not related to changes in the gastrointestinal tract; group 3—secondary to intestinal rupture and/or faeces contamination.ResultsThe mean success rate of the treatment was 77 per cent (20/26 animals), with success rates of 84.6 per cent in group 1; 87.5 per cent, group 2; and 40 per cent, group 3.ConclusionsThis is the first study to report adjuvant intraperitoneal treatment ceftriaxone for septic peritonitis in horses and indicates that this treatment can successfully treat septic peritonitis in horses.
Animal models of necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Mendez Yomara Stephanie , Khan Faraz A , Perrier Gregory Van , Radulescu Andrei 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the leading causes of death in premature infants. To determine the factors present in the disease that lead to increased morbidity and mortality, manipulation of variables that are shown to have a positive response has been tested using various animal models. Testing and manipulation of these variables are unwarranted in humans due to regulatory health standards.MethodsThe purpose of this review is to provide an update to previous summaries that determine the significance of animal models in studying the mechanisms of NEC. A large variety of animal models including rats, mice, rabbits, piglets, nonhuman primates, and quails have been described in literature. We reviewed the reported animal models of NEC and examined the pros and cons of the various models as well as the scientific question addressed.ResultsThe animals used in these experiments were subject to gavage feeding, hypoxia, hypothermia, oxygen perfusion, and other methods to induce the disease state. Each of these models has been utilized to show the effects of NEC on the premature, undeveloped gut in animals to find a correlation to the disease state present in humans. We found specific advantages and disadvantages for each model.ConclusionsRecent advances in our understanding of NEC and the ongoing therapeutic strategy developments underscore the importance of animal models for this disease.
Long-term cropping and fertilization influences soil organic carbon, soil water repellency, and soil hydrophobicity
Authors: Miller J.J. , Owen M.L. , Yang X.M. , Drury C.F. , Reynolds W.D. , Chanasyk D.S. 
Published: March 2020

Long-term (58 yr) cropping and fertilization effects on soil water repellency were determined for a clay loam soil in southwestern Ontario, Canada by measuring soil organic carbon (SOC), soil water repellency index (RI), and soil hydrophobicity (SH). The 12 treatments (non-replicated) included fertilized and non-fertilized legume-based crop rotation (ROT) with four phases (corn–oat–alfalfa–alfalfa), continuous corn (CC), and continuous Kentucky bluegrass (KBG). We hypothesized that SOC, RI, and SH would be greater for each phase of the ROT versus CC, KBG versus CC and ROT, and fertilized versus non-fertilized treatments. Surface (0–10 cm) soil samples were collected in the spring of 2017. Laboratory measurements were conducted to determine SOC, RI (ratio of soil sorptivity to ethanol and water), and SH (ratio of hydrophobic CH– to hydrophilic CO– functional groups). Mean SOC and SH were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for each phase of the ROT versus CC (33% to 2.4 times), KBG versus CC (3.2–6 times) and each phase of ROT (2.2–2.8 times), and fertilized versus non-fertilized rotation oats and KBG (15%–30%). Mean RI was greater for KBG versus CC (4.8 times) and KBG versus each phase of the ROT (3.0–5.5 times) under fertilization only, greater for fertilized versus non-fertilized KBG (6.8 times), but similar for each phase of ROT versus CC. In general, legume-based rotations, perennial grass, and fertilizer enhanced SOC and SH, and to a lesser extent soil RI.
COVID-19, ACE2, and the cardiovascular consequences
Authors: South Andrew M. , Diz Debra I. , Chappell Mark C. 
Published: March 2020

The novel SARS coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may be particularly deleterious to patients with underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 infection is the requisite binding of the virus to the membrane-bound form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and internalization of the complex by the host cell. Recognition that ACE2 is the coreceptor for the coronavirus has prompted new therapeutic approaches to block the enzyme or reduce its expression to prevent the cellular entry and SARS-CoV-2 infection in tissues that express ACE2 including lung, heart, kidney, brain, and gut. ACE2, however, is a key enzymatic component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS); ACE2 degrades ANG II, a peptide with multiple actions that promote CVD, and generates Ang-(1–7), which antagonizes the effects of ANG II. Moreover, experimental evidence suggests that RAAS blockade by ACE inhibitors, ANG II type 1 receptor antagonists, and mineralocorticoid antagonists, as well as statins, enhance ACE2 which, in part, contributes to the benefit of these regimens. In lieu of the fact that many older patients with hypertension or other CVDs are routinely treated with RAAS blockers and statins, new clinical concerns have developed regarding whether these patients are at greater risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, whether RAAS and statin therapy should be discontinued, and the potential consequences of RAAS blockade to COVID-19-related pathologies such as acute and chronic respiratory disease. The current perspective critically examines the evidence for ACE2 regulation by RAAS blockade and statins, the cardiovascular benefits of ACE2, and whether ACE2 blockade is a viable approach to attenuate COVID-19. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at: https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/covid-19-ace2-and-the-cardiovascular-consequences/ .
Reconsidering the Coherence of 1 Corinthians 1:10–4:21
Authors: Brookins Timothy A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
1 Corinthians 1:10–4:21 is usually seen as a defense against adherents of an “Apollos party,” who have become enamored with Apollos’ “wisdom” and who denigrate Paul as his inferior. This article argues for a different reading of this unit. Some in the church have espoused some kind of “human” wisdom, but not the wisdom of any particular leader. These people were boasting in themselves, not in their leaders. Paul discusses his relationship with Apollos not because there was a rivalry between them or between parties who claimed them as their leaders, but because the relationship between Paul and Apollos embodied the wisdom of Christ crucified and thus offered an antidote to the church’s divisions.
Narratives in Motion: the Art of Dancing Stories in Antiquity and Beyond
Authors: Gianvittorio-Ungar Laura 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the symposium “Narratives in Motion. The Art of Dancing Stories in Antiquity and Beyond” was to make original contributions to the thriving field of study on ancient Greek and Roman dance by tackling this issue from an angle which is both specific in that it narrows down the focus on dance narrativity across different performance genres, and inclusive in that it encompasses transcultural, transhistorical and practice-based approaches. With eleven talks by classical and dance scholars and two performances by dance artists, the symposium was able to shed light on a range of practices, genres and cultural aspects relating to narrative dance in the ancient and, to a lesser degree, modern world. The event took place on 22-23 June 2018 at the Department of Classics of the University of Vienna, and was sponsored by the FWF-Austrian Science Fund (Project V442-G25 “Aischylos’ diegetisches Drama”).
Gnostic Psychedelia
Authors: Davis Erik 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Today the clinical return of research into psychedelic medicine has been accompanied by a model of religious experience that stresses the healing effects of unitive, immanent experiences. This paper instead unearths a counter-narrative of psychedelic religiosity: a more suspicious and critical sense of spiritual encounter that I illuminate through the classic gnostic mythology of the archons. In a number of movement texts from the 1960s through the 2000s, I trace the appearance of archon-like figures—both explicitly linked to gnostic traditions and not—and how their appearance motivates social critique and a more engaged politics of consciousness.