bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Challenges for Labour Market Policy during the COVID‐19 Pandemic*
Authors: Costa Dias Monica , Joyce Robert , Postel‐Vinay Fabien , Xu Xiaowei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is having a dramatic economic impact in most countries. In the UK, it has led to sharp falls in labour demand in many sectors of the economy and to initial acute labour shortages in other sectors. Much more than in a typical downturn, the current crisis is not simply a general slowdown in economic activity but also a radical short‐term shift in the mix of economic activities – of which an unknown, but possibly significant, amount will be persistent. The initial policy response has focused on cushioning the blow to families’ finances and allowing the majority of workers and firms to resume their original activities once the crisis subsides. These are crucial priorities. But there should also be a focus on reallocating some workers, either temporarily if working in shut‐down sectors or permanently by facilitating transitions to sectors and jobs offering better prospects and facing labour shortages. The phasing‐out of the furlough subsidies, which is projected to happen in Autumn 2020, brings this into even sharper focus since the alternative for many workers will be unemployment. Active labour market policy will need to be front and centre.
Core components of a staff wellness strategy in emergency departments: A clinician‐informed nominal group study
Authors: Elder Elizabeth , Johnston Amy NB , Byrne Jacqueline H , Wallis Marianne , Crilly Julia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveBusy, high‐stress EDs prompt many work‐based interventions to address staff wellness, with mixed success. The aim of the present study was to enable ED clinicians to systematically identify core components of a work‐based strategy to improve their working environment and/or coping.MethodsPurposively sampled ED doctors and nurses from one health service were invited to participate in modified nominal group technique. Participants identified, from a pre‐defined list, a key ED stressor and then discussed and ratified proposed core components of a work‐based strategy to address or ameliorate this stressor.ResultsTwo nominal group technique sessions were held with a total of 10 participants (n = 7 nurses and n = 3 doctors). Participants proposed several strategies aimed at both individual and organisational levels to address occupational stress and coping, and support staff well‐being in the workplace. These included mobile/web‐based applications, group counselling sessions, yoga, social activities, team building activities and debriefing. Participants described three key components to promote staff wellness and hence enhance their ability to buffer negative aspects of occupational stress: (i) increased individual and team support; (ii) development of professional resilience; and (iii) maximising opportunities for social connection.ConclusionsEnsuring appropriate systems, services and support for ED staff should be a priority at local departmental, wider organisational and governmental levels. ED clinicians are ideally placed to identify such systems, services and supports. Managers and policy makers can use these findings to inform the implementation of interventions in EDs.
Blood pressure in Danish children during general anaesthesia: Hypotension in a paediatric population observational (HIPPO) study
Authors: Clausen Nicola G. , Filipovic Maja , de Pater Gerrit H. , Zickerman Caroline , Ydemann Mogens 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundIn Denmark, thousands of infants and children require general anaesthesia annually. Hypotension during general anaesthesia might reduce cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain. Safe lower limits of blood pressure are ill defined. The Hypotension in Paediatric Populations Observational study objective was to assess blood pressure in Danish children during general anaesthesia.MethodsThis study is a prospective observational multicentre study. Primary outcomes were mean arterial blood pressures in children aged 0‐12 years. Lowest mean arterial blood pressure, intervention thresholds to increase blood pressure and type of intervention were secondary outcomes. Premature infants and children scheduled for cardio‐thoracic surgery were excluded. Blood pressures were measured by oscillometry or invasively.ResultsIn total, 726 patients were included. In children < 1 year, median arterial pressure was 51 mm Hg, (interquartile range; 43‐58) and increased to 58 mm Hg (interquartile range; 52‐65) for 12‐year‐old children. In 32 patients, 49 actions were taken to modulate blood pressure. Pre‐induction blood pressures were recorded for 29%.ConclusionThis study presents pragmatic, multicentre, prospectively collected observations of blood pressure in children undergoing general anaesthesia in usual practice. In the youngest infants, variability in blood pressure appears to be large. Measurement of blood pressure is recommended during every general anaesthesia and in children of all ages. Safe ranges of blood pressure remain to be defined.
Ketamine Versus Etomidate and Peri‐intubation Hypotension: A National Emergency Airway Registry Study
Authors: April Michael D. , Arana Allyson , Schauer Steven G. , Davis William T. , Oliver Joshua J. , Fantegrossi Andrea , Summers Shane M. , Maddry Joseph K. , Walls Ron M. , Brown Calvin A. ,   the NEAR Investigators
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe hemodynamic impact of induction agents is a critically important consideration in emergency intubations. We assessed the relationship between peri‐intubation hypotension and the use of ketamine versus etomidate as an induction agent for emergency department (ED) intubation.MethodsWe analyzed ED intubation data for patients aged >14 years from the National Emergency Airway Registry performed in 25 EDs during 2016 through 2018. We excluded patients with preintubation hypotension (systolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg) or cardiac arrest prior to intubation. The primary outcome was peri‐intubation hypotension. Secondary outcomes included interventions for hypotension (e.g., intravenous fluids or vasopressors). We report adjusted odds ratios (aOR) from multivariable logistic regression models controlling for patient demographics, difficult airway characteristics, and intubation modality.ResultsThere were 738 encounters with ketamine and 6,068 with etomidate. Patients receiving ketamine were more likely to have difficult airway characteristics (effect size difference = 8.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.3% to 12.4%) and to undergo intubation with video laryngoscopy (8.1%, 95% CI = 4.4% to 12.0%). Peri‐intubation hypotension incidence was 18.3% among patients receiving ketamine and 12.4% among patients receiving etomidate (effect size difference = 5.9%, 95% CI = 2.9% to 8.8%). Patients receiving ketamine were more likely to receive treatment for peri‐intubation hypotension (effect size difference = 6.5%, 95% CI = 3.9% to 9.3%). In logistic regression analyses, patients receiving ketamine remained at higher risk for peri‐intubation hypotension (aOR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.7) and treatment for hypotension (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4 to 2.0). There was no difference in the aOR of hypotension between patients receiving ketamine at doses ≤1.0 mg/kg versus >1.0 mg/kg or patients receiving etomidate at doses ≤0.3 mg/kg versus >0.3 mg/kg.ConclusionsPending additional data, our results suggest that clinicians should not necessarily prioritize ketamine over etomidate based on concern for hemodynamic compromise among ED patients undergoing intubation.
Friends’ childhood adversity and long‐term implications for substance misuse: a prospective Swedish cohort study
Authors: Bishop Lauren , Almquist Ylva B 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsAlthough an individual's childhood adversity is predictive of later substance misuse, the effect of adversity within an individual's friendship network has not been established. The current study aims to estimate the strength of the association between exposure to childhood adversity among individuals’ friends at the onset of adolescence, relative to individuals’ own exposure to childhood adversity, and hospitalization for substance misuse between young adulthood and retirement.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingStockholm, Sweden.ParticipantsIndividuals born in 1953, living in Stockholm in 1963, and who nominated three best friends in the 6th grade school class (n = 7180; females = 3709, males = 3471), followed to 2016.MeasurementsThe outcome was hospitalization with a main or secondary diagnosis attributed to substance misuse, reflected in Swedish inpatient records (ages 19–63 years). Five indicators of childhood adversity (ages 0–12 years) were operationalized into composite measures for individuals and their friends, respectively. Friendships were identified using sociometric data collected in the school class setting (age 13 years).FindingsIndividuals’ own childhood adversity does not predict childhood adversity among friends (P > 0.05). Childhood adversity among friends is independently associated with an increased risk of an individual's later substance misuse [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–1.24], independently of an individual's own childhood adversity (HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.34–1.61). However, childhood adversity among friends does not moderate the association between individuals’ own childhood adversity and later substance misuse.ConclusionsWithin a birth cohort of individuals born in 1950s Stockholm, Sweden, childhood adversity among an individual's friends appears to predict the individual's substance misuse in later life independently of an individual's own exposure to childhood adversity.
Post‐fire development of faunal habitat depends on plant regeneration traits
Authors: Rainsford Frederick W. , Kelly Luke T. , Leonard Steve W.J. , Bennett Andrew F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe concept that vegetation structure (and faunal habitat) develops predictably with time since fire has been central to understanding the relationship between fire and fauna. However, because plants regenerate after fire in different ways (e.g. resprouting from above‐ground stems vs. underground lignotubers), use of simple categories based on time since fire might not adequately represent post‐fire habitat development in all ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that the post‐fire development of faunal habitat structure differs between ecosystems, depending on fire regeneration traits of the dominant canopy trees. We measured 12 habitat components at sites in foothill forests (n = 38), heathy woodlands (n = 38) and mallee woodlands (n = 98) in Victoria, Australia, and used generalised additive models to predict changes in each variable with time since fire. A greater percentage of faunal habitat variables responded significantly to time since fire in mallee woodlands, where fires typically are stand‐replacing, than in foothill forests and heathy woodlands, where canopy tree stems generally persist through fire. In the ecosystem with the highest proportion of epicormic resprouters (foothill forests), only ground cover and understorey vegetation responded significantly to time since fire, compared with all but one variable in the ecosystem dominated by basal resprouters (mallee woodlands). These differences between ecosystems in the post‐fire development of key habitat components suggest there may also be fundamental differences in the role of fire in shaping the distribution of fauna. If so, this challenges the way in which many fire‐prone ecosystems currently are categorised and managed, especially the level of dependence on time since fire and other temporal surrogates such as age‐classes and successional states. Where time since fire is a poor surrogate for habitat structural development, additional complexity (e.g. fire severity, topography and prior land‐use history) could better capture processes that determine faunal occurrence in fire‐prone ecosystems.
Soluble immune checkpoints CTLA‐4, HLA‐G, PD‐1, and PD‐L1 are associated with endometriosis‐related infertility
Authors: Santoso Budi , Sa'adi Ashon , Dwiningsih Sri Ratna , Tunjungseto Arif , Widyanugraha Muhammad Yohanes Ardianta , Mufid Alfin Firasy , Rahmawati Nanda Yuli , Ahsan Fadhil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProblemSoluble immune checkpoint molecules constitute the emerging novel mediators in immune regulation. Their role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis has not been fully addressed. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the clinical manifestation of endometriosis‐associated infertility and the level of four soluble immune checkpoints: sCTLA4, sHLA‐G, sPD‐1, and sPD‐L1.Method of studyThe soluble immune checkpoint concentrations in serum and peritoneal fluid from 88 patients who underwent laparoscopy were evaluated by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical and hematological parameters were documented and analyzed.ResultsEndometriosis cases were evident to have significantly higher levels of serum sPD‐L1 and all four molecules in peritoneal fluid compared to non‐endometriosis control. Contrary, no significant differences were found in the concentration of serum sCTLA‐4, sHLA‐G and, sPD‐1 between endometriosis and control group. There were significant positive correlations between serum and peritoneal fluid concentrations of sCTLA‐4, sPD‐L1, and sHLA‐G. Serum sPD‐L1 could discriminate endometriosis‐related infertility to other pathological control. At a cutoff of 14,61 pg/mL, serum sPD‐L1 had a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 83%. Moreover, sPD‐L1 level showed positive correlations with pelvic adhesion score and myeloid cell count.ConclusionThe elevated level of sPD‐L1 in serum and immune checkpoint molecules in the peritoneal fluid could represent the hallmark of immune regulation in endometriosis. Serum sPD‐L1 could serve as a potential noninvasive endometriosis biomarker. Also, the immune compartment related to the local immune checkpoint molecules may be implicated in biological mechanisms underlying endometriosis‐related infertility.
The effects of climate change on respiratory allergy and asthma induced by pollen and mold allergens
Authors: D’Amato Gennaro , Chong‐Neto Herberto Jose , Monge Ortega Olga Patricia , Vitale Carolina , Ansotegui Ignacio , Rosario Nelson , Haahtela Tari , Galan Carmen , Pawankar Ruby , Murrieta‐Aguttes Margarita , Cecchi Lorenzo , Bergmann Christian , Ridolo Erminia , Ramon German , Gonzalez Diaz Sandra , D’Amato Maria , Annesi‐Maesano Isabella 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe impact of climate change on the environment, biosphere, and biodiversity has become more evident in the recent years. Human activities have increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases. Change in climate and the correlated global warming affects the quantity, intensity, and frequency of precipitation type as well as the frequency of extreme events such as heat waves, droughts, thunderstorms, floods, and hurricanes. Respiratory health can be particularly affected by climate change, which contributes to the development of allergic respiratory diseases and asthma. Pollen and mold allergens are able to trigger the release of pro‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators that accelerate the onset the IgE‐mediated sensitization and of allergy. Allergy to pollen and pollen season at its beginning, in duration and intensity are altered by climate change. Studies showed that plants exhibit enhanced photosynthesis and reproductive effects and produce more pollen as a response to high atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). Mold proliferation is increased by floods and rainy storms are responsible for severe asthma. Pollen and mold allergy is generally used to evaluate the interrelation between air pollution and allergic respiratory diseases, such as rhinitis and asthma. Thunderstorms during pollen seasons can cause exacerbation of respiratory allergy and asthma in patients with hay fever. A similar phenomenon is observed for molds. Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions can have positive health benefits.
New Directions in Maritime and Fisheries Anthropology
Authors: Aswani Shankar 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTMaritime and fisheries anthropology is a mixture of different themes couched under various theoretical frameworks that straddle the humanities and the sciences. In this subject survey, I explore different thematic and theoretical strands of maritime and fisheries anthropology and illustrate broader changes in this subdiscipline since around the mid‐1990s. I also review developing and future thematic and theoretical research frontiers, and discuss their potential contribution to a public and actionable anthropology/scholarship that can better inform fisheries management and conservation. This is important because in the twenty‐first century, coastal peoples are facing socioeconomic and environmental challenges that are increasingly becoming hazardous. To create a more actionable discipline, anthropology needs to be more accessible, inform innovation, and recapture a more pluralistic scholarship that champions interdisciplinary work. This will require the consilience between the humanities and natural sciences for studying human–marine interactions more broadly and for protecting the marine environment. [maritime and fisheries anthropology, new directions, actionable scholarship, oceans]
Critical evaluation of different available guidelines for late‐onset hypogonadism
Authors: Giagulli Vito Angelo , Castellana Marco , Lisco Giuseppe , Triggiani Vincenzo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLate‐onset hypogonadism (LOH) is a syndrome characterized by clinical and biochemical evidence of low testosterone levels with advancing age. In recent years, several guidelines, position statements and other recommendations have become available. It is unclear whether similar indications are reported in these documents.ObjectiveTo review similarities and differences among available documents on the management of hypogonadism, with a special focus on LOH.Materials and methodsPubMed, Google and international societies websites were searched on March 2020 for documents published in the last 10 years on the management of hypogonadism and LOH.ResultsNine documents were found, each developed by: (a) the American Urological Association; (b) the British Society for Sexual Medicine; (c) the Canadian Medical Association; (d) the Endocrine Society; (e) the Endocrine Society of Australia; (f) the European Academy of Andrology; (g) the European Association of Urology; (h) the International Consultation for Sexual Medicine; and (i) the International Society for the Study of Aging Male.DiscussionDespite similar principles, differences were found both for the diagnostic workup and follow‐up. Particularly, discrepancies were reported both for total and free testosterone levels for diagnosis and for total testosterone for monitoring.ConclusionAvailable documents differ in terms of specific recommendations for the management of hypogonadism and LOH. Given the relevant clinical implications of adequate management of these disorders, future guidelines should report more consistent measures to be adopted in clinical practice.
Intravitreal dexamethasone implant one month before versus concomitant with cataract surgery in patients with diabetic macular oedema: the dexcat study
Authors: Fallico Matteo , Avitabile Teresio , Castellino Niccolò , Longo Antonio , Russo Andrea , Bonfiglio Vincenza , Parisi Francesca , Furino Claudio , Panozzo Giacomo , Scorcia Vincenzo , Carnevali Adriano , Bandello Francesco , Parodi Maurizio Battaglia , Cennamo Gilda , Cillino Salvatore , Vadalà Maria , Sunseri Trapani Valentina , Cagini Carlo , Fiore Tito , Lupidi Marco , Parravano Mariacristina , Varano Monica , Giorno Paola , Boscia Francesco , Giancipoli Ermete , Eandi Chiara , Le Mer Yannick , Reibaldi Michele 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo report clinical outcomes of two different timings of intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant administration for prevention of diabetic macular oedema (DME) worsening following cataract surgery.MethodsThis multicentre, retrospective study included patients with DME who received an intravitreal DEX implant 1 month before cataract surgery, ‘precataract DEX’ group, or at the time of cataract surgery, ‘concomitant treatments’ group. Inclusion criteria were a follow‐up ≥3 months and ophthalmological examination with optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging at baseline (cataract surgery) and throughout follow‐up. Anatomical improvement was considered to be a decrease in OCT central subfield (CSF) thickness ≥20% compared to baseline. The primary outcomes were anatomical and functional results at 3 months.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐one patients were included: 136 in the ‘precataract DEX’ group and 85 in the ‘concomitant treatments’ group. At 3 months, a reduction of CSF thickness ≥ 20% was found in 7.3% of eyes in the ‘precataract DEX group’ and in 83.7% of eyes in the ‘concomitant treatments’ group (p < 0.001), with mean CSF thickness lower in the latter group (371 ± 52 µm versus 325 ± 57 µm, p < 0.001). At 3 months, mean best‐corrected visual acuity had improved from baseline in both groups (p < 0.001), with no difference between groups (p = 0. 20). No serious systemic adverse events were reported.ConclusionBoth approaches prevented a worsening of DME, showing a comparable visual outcome. Dexamethasone (DEX) implant given at the same time as cataract surgery provided a better anatomical outcome.
Validation of the Retinopathy of Prematurity Activity Scale (ROP‐ActS) using retrospective clinical data
Authors: Pivodic Aldina , Nilsson Staffan , Stahl Andreas , Smith Lois E.H. , Hellström Ann 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeThe International Neonatal Consortium recently published a proposed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) activity scale intended for use in clinical trials after validation. The aim of this study was to validate the ROP activity scale (ROP‐ActS) in a ROP screened cohort with protocol based collected data by evaluating the ability of the ROP‐Act scores to predict ROP treatment. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the scale’s sensitivity characteristic of disease severity by studying association with gestational age (GA) in comparison with conventionally used ROP stage and zone.MethodsA cohort of 535 preterm infants with 3324 ROP examinations with an end‐point of ROP treatment or end of screening in Gothenburg, Sweden, was included. Median GA was 28.1 weeks, 47.5% were girls, and 74 (13.8%) infants were treated for ROP. The validation was performed by estimating probabilities for ROP treatment, and by applying logistic and linear regression.ResultsThe original ROP‐ActS was overall well‐ordered with respect to ability to predict ROP treatment but could be improved by re‐ordering score 3 (zone II stage 1) and 5 (zone III stage 3) based on our clinical cohort data. The modified ROP‐ActS was superior to ROP stage and zone in the prediction analysis of ROP treatment. Modified ROP‐ActS was more strongly related to GA than currently used ROP stage, but not zone.ConclusionIn the studied cohort, the modified ROP‐ActS could better predict ROP treatment compared to ROP stage and zone. Retinopathy of Prematurity Activity Scale (ROP‐ActS) had a superior sensitivity characteristic studied through association to GA than conventionally used ROP stage.
Letter: bone fracture risk among older long‐term users of proton pump inhibitors
Authors: Sugiyama Toshihiro 
Published: June 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Ghosh et al and Schnoll‐Sussman and Katz papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15522 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15805.
Editorial: PNPLA3 genotype and liver diseases—more than non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Huang Jee‐Fu , Chuang Wan‐Long 
Published: June 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Mederacke et al and Mederacke and Mederacke papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15722 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15873.