bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ramped thermal analysis for isolating biologically meaningful soil organic matter fractions with distinct residence times
Authors: Sanderman Jonathan , Grandy A. Stuart 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In this work, we assess whether or not ramped thermal oxidation coupled with determination of the radiocarbon content of the evolved CO2
can be used to isolate distinct thermal fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) along with direct information on the turnover rate of each thermal fraction. Using
a 30-year time series of soil samples from a well-characterized agronomic trial, we found that the incorporation of the bomb spike in atmospheric
14CO2 into thermal fractions of increasing resistance to thermal decomposition could be successfully modeled. With increasing
temperature, which is proportional to activation energy, the mean residence time of the thermal fractions increased from 10 to
400 years. Importantly, the first four of five thermal fractions appeared to be a mixture of fast- and increasingly slower-cycling SOM. To further
understand the composition of different thermal fractions, stepped pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) experiments were
performed at five temperatures ranging from 330 to 735 ∘C. The Py-GC/MS data showed a reproducible shift in the chemistry of pyrolysis
products across the temperature gradient trending from polysaccharides and lipids at low temperature to lignin- and microbe-derived compounds at
middle temperatures to aromatic and unknown compounds at the highest temperatures. Integrating the 14C and Py-GC/MS data suggests the
organic compounds, with the exception of aromatic moieties likely derived from wildfire, with centennial residence times are not more complex but
may be protected from pyrolysis, and likely also from biological mineralization, by interactions with mineral surfaces.
Draft genome of Rosenbergiella nectarea strain 8N4T provides insights into the potential role of this species in its plant host
Authors: Laviad-Shitrit Sivan , Izhaki Ido , Whitman William B. , Shapiro Nicole , Woyke Tanja , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Halpern Malka 
Published: April 2020

Background
Rosenbergiella nectarea strain 8N4T, the type species of the genus Rosenbergiella, was isolated from Amygdalus communis (almond) floral nectar. Other strains of this species were isolated from the floral nectar of Citrus paradisi (grapefruit), Nicotiana glauca (tobacco tree) and from Asphodelus aestivus. R. nectarea strain 8N4T is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae.

Results
Here we describe features of this organism, together with its genome sequence and annotation. The DNA GC content is 47.38%, the assembly size is 3,294,717 bp, and the total number of genes are 3,346. The genome discloses the possible role that this species may play in the plant. The genome contains both virulence genes, like pectin lyase and hemolysin, that may harm plant cells and genes that are predicted to produce volatile compounds that may impact the visitation rates by nectar consumers, such as pollinators and nectar thieves.

Conclusions
The genome of R. nectarea strain 8N4T reveals a mutualistic interaction with the plant host and a possible effect on plant pollination and fitness.
Dengue with Scrub Typhus Coinfection in Northern India
Authors: Singh Vishal , Mishra Satish Chandra , Agarwal Nikesh A. , Raut Binod B. , Singh Pulkit 
Published: April 2020

Background: Amongst the many vector and water-borne diseases prevalent in tropics, dengue occupies a prominent place. Dengue epidemics are frequent and at times, during such epidemic, coinfections may occur causing diagnostic dilemmas.
Case Report: A 36 years old lady, from a rural background, presented during the 2019 dengue epidemic with fever, vomiting, and non-colicky abdominal pain. The evaluation showed hepatosplenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. The investigations confirmed the diagnosis and she was treated conservatively as a case of dengue with warning signs. A longer than anticipated duration of fever and clinical deterioration prompted reassessment, which revealed the presence of an eschar over the right upper thigh. The Weil-Felix test using Proteus OX-K stain was positive at a titer of 1:320. Following treatment with oral doxycycline, she showed rapid defervescence and clinical improvement.
Conclusions: Coinfection with scrub typhus is rare with dengue. If left untreated, it adversely affects the outcome. The key to diagnosing such coinfections includes a high index of suspicion, repeated clinical examination, and the knowledge of local endemicity.
Amelioration of Extra-articular Effects Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Anti-arthritic Herbal Formulations
Authors: Elechi-Amadi Kemzi N. , Briggs Ojoye N. , Opusunju Boma H. , Bartimaeus Ebirien-Agana S. , Nwachuku Edna O. 
Published: April 2020

Aim: This study investigated the ability of some herbal formulations to ameliorate extra-articular effects of some herbal formulations used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis in Nigeria.
Methodology: Forty-nine (49) female albino Wistar rats were used for this study. They were divided into seven groups: A, B, C, D, E, F and G of seven rats each, with Group A serving as negative control while Group B was a positive control. Groups B, C, D, E, F and G were induced with rheumatoid arthritis by injecting 0.1 ml of Complete Freund's Adjuvant into the right hind paw of each rat. The rats were treated with the standard drug and herbal formulations respectively for 28 days as follows: Group C (treated with a standard drug, Celebrex), Group D (treated with the herbal drug, Jointeez), Group E (treated with a herbal drug, Arthropower), Group F (treated with combination therapy of Jointeez and Celebrex) and Group G (treated with combination therapy of Arthropower and Celebrex). At the end of the 28-day treatment period, the rats were anaesthetized with chloroform and sacrificed through puncture of the jugular vein. Five millilitres (5 ml) of blood samples were put into plain bottles for the analysis of biochemical parameters and 3 ml into K3EDTA bottles for haematological analysis. The lipid parameters were analysed using Mindray autoanalyzer while haematological parameters were determined using Sysmex haematology auto analyzer.
Results: Total cholesterol (p<0.001), HDL (p=0.005) and LDL (p=0.004) were significantly reduced in the treated rats compared to the positive control group. Conversely, Packed Cell Volume (p<0.001) and Haemoglobin levels (p<0.001) were significantly reduced in the positive control rats compared to the treated rats. However, Total WBC count was significantly higher in the positive control rats than in the treated rats (p=0.001). The combination therapies used in this study did not offer a significantly different therapeutic advantage over the monotherapies used. The herbal formulations gave therapeutic effects on the extra-articular effects similar to that obtained from the orthodox drug used in this study.
Conclusion: The herbal formulations can be used as alternative regimens for rheumatoid arthritis. It is recommended that herbal formulations be considered for integration into our healthcare system for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.
Exploration of the Chemical Potential and Antioxidant Activity of Some Plants Used in the Treatment of Male Infertility in Southern Benin
Authors: Klotoé Jean Robert , Agbodjento Eric , Dougnon Victorien Tamègnon , Yovo Mahudro , Sacramento Téniola Isabelle , Déguénon Esther , Dougnon Jacques Tossou , Atègbo Jean Marc 
Published: April 2020

Antioxidants are a family of substances that can neutralize free radicals and prevent and/or treat diseases associated with oxidative stress such as male’s infertility. Medicinal plants are one of the main sources of antioxidants.
Aim: This work was aimed at evaluating the chemical and antioxidant potential of different extracts from some plants used in traditional Beninese medicine for the treatment of male infertility.
Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on aqueous, hydro-ethanolic and ethanolic extracts from of the roots of Gardenia ternifolia (G. ternifolia), the whole plant of Cassytha filiformis (C. filiformis), the leaves of Rourea coccinea (R. coccinea) and the seed of Garcinia kola (G .kola). Quantification of the total polyphenols and flavonoids content of these extracts was evaluated respectively by the method using Folin Ciocalteu and the method using Aluminum trichloride. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by molecular spectrophotometry using the free radical scavenging of DPPH and FRAP methods.
Results: The results obtained indicated a variation of total polyphenols and flavonoids content according to the type of extract. Hydro-ethanolic extract of the various plants studied has a high polyphenols and flavonoids content. In variable proportions, all the extracts tested reduced the DPPH radical and ferric iron, reflecting their antioxidant potential. The best antioxidant activity has been obtained with the hydro-ethanolic extracts.
Conclusion: This study showed that all the plant's extracts studied have antioxidant activity that varies with the type of extract. However, the hydro-ethanolic extractions showed the best antioxidant activities. The data obtained in the present study justified the use of these plants in management of pathologies involving oxidative stress.
Cross‐cultural effects of parent warmth and control on aggression and rule‐breaking from ages 8 to 13
Authors: Rothenberg W. Andrew , Lansford Jennifer E. , Bacchini Dario , Bornstein Marc H. , Chang Lei , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Di Giunta Laura , Dodge Kenneth A. , Malone Patrick S. , Oburu Paul , Pastorelli Concetta , Skinner Ann T. , Sorbring Emma , Steinberg Laurence , Tapanya Sombat , Tirado Liliana Maria Uribe , Yotanyamaneewong Saengduean , Alampay Liane Peña , Al‐Hassan Suha M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigated whether bidirectional associations between parental warmth and behavioral control and child aggression and rule‐breaking behavior emerged in 12 cultural groups. Study participants included 1,298 children (M = 8.29 years, standard deviation [SD] = 0.66, 51% girls) from Shanghai, China (n = 121); Medellín, Colombia (n = 108); Naples (n = 100) and Rome (n = 103), Italy; Zarqa, Jordan (n = 114); Kisumu, Kenya (n = 100); Manila, Philippines (n = 120); Trollhättan/Vänersborg, Sweden (n = 101); Chiang Mai, Thailand (n = 120); and Durham, NC, United States (n = 111 White, n = 103 Black, n = 97 Latino) followed over 5 years (i.e., ages 8–13). Warmth and control were measured using the Parental Acceptance‐Rejection/Control Questionnaire, child aggression and rule‐breaking were measured using the Achenbach System of Empirically‐Based Assessment. Multiple‐group structural equation modeling was conducted. Associations between parent warmth and subsequent rule‐breaking behavior were found to be more common across ontogeny and demonstrate greater variability across different cultures than associations between warmth and subsequent aggressive behavior. In contrast, the evocative effects of child aggressive behavior on subsequent parent warmth and behavioral control were more common, especially before age 10, than those of rule‐breaking behavior. Considering the type of externalizing behavior, developmental time point, and cultural context is essential to understanding how parenting and child behavior reciprocally affect one another.
Patient size matters: Effect of tube current modulation on size‐specific dose estimates (SSDE) and image quality in low‐dose lung cancer screening CT
Authors: Barreto Izabella , Verma Nupur , Quails Nathan , Olguin Catherine , Correa Nathalie , Mohammed Tan‐Lucien 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeWe compare the effect of tube current modulation (TCM) and fixed tube current (FTC) on size‐specific dose estimates (SSDE) and image quality in lung cancer screening with low‐dose CT (LDCT) for patients of all sizes.MethodsInitially, 107 lung screening examinations were performed using FTC, which satisfied the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) limit of 3.0 mGy for standard‐sized patients. Following protocol modification, 287 examinations were performed using TCM. Patient size and examination parameters were collected and water‐equivalent diameter (Dw) and SSDE were determined for each patient. Regression models were used to correlate CTDIvol and SSDE with Dw. Objective and subjective image quality were measured in 20 patients who had consecutive annual screenings with both FTC and TCM.ResultsCTDIvol was 2.3 mGy for all FTC scans and increased exponentially with Dw (range = 0.96–4.50 mGy, R2 = 0.73) for TCM scans. As patient Dw increased, SSDE decreased for FTC examinations (R2 = 1) and increased for TCM examinations (R2 = 0.54). Image quality measurements were superior with FTC for smaller sized patients and with TCM for larger sized patients (R2 > 0.5, P < 0.005). Radiologist graded all images acceptable for diagnostic evaluation of lung cancer screening.ConclusionAlthough FTC protocol offered a consistently low CTDIvol for all patients, it yielded unnecessarily high SSDE for small patients and increased image noise for large patients. Lung cancer screening with LDCT using TCM produces radiation doses that are appropriately reduced for small patients and increased for large patients with diagnostic image quality for all patients.
Repeat expansion scanning of the NOTCH2NLC gene in patients with multiple system atrophy
Authors: Fang Pu , Yu Yanyan , Yao Sheng , Chen Shuyun , Zhu Min , Chen Yunqing , Zou Keji , Wang Lulu , Wang Huan , Xin Ling , Hong Tao , Hong Daojun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTrinucleotide GGC repeat expansion in the 5’UTR of the NOTCH2NLC gene has been recognized as the pathogenesis of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID). Previous studies have described that some NIID patients showed clinical and pathological similarities with multiple system atrophy (MSA). This study aimed to address the possibility that GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC might be associated with some cases diagnosed as MSA.MethodsA total of 189 patients with probable or possible MSA were recruited to screen for GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC by repeat‐primed PCR (RP‐PCR). In addition, long‐read sequencing (LRS) was performed for all patients with RP‐PCR‐positive expansion, five patients with RP‐PCR‐negative expansion, and five controls on the Nanopore platform. Skin biopsies were performed on two patients with GGC expansion.ResultsFive of 189 patients (2.6%) were found to have GGC expansion in NOTCH2NLC. LRS results identified that the five patients had GGC expansion between 101 and 266, but five patients with RP‐PCR‐negative expansion and five controls had GGC expansion between 8 and 29. Besides the typical symptoms and signs of MSA, patients with GGC expansion might have longer disease duration, severe urinary retention, and prominent cognitive impairment. In the skin samples from the patients with GGC expansion, typical p62‐postive but alpha‐synuclein‐negative intranuclear inclusions were found in fibroblasts, adipocyte and ductal epithelial cells of sweat glands.ConclusionTrinucleotide GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC could be observed in patients with clinically diagnosed MSA. Adult‐onset NIID should be considered as a differential diagnosis of MSA.
Ionic Liquid–Polymer Composites: A New Platform for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Correia Daniela Maria , Fernandes Liliana Correia , Martins Pedro Manuel , García‐Astrain Clara , Costa Carlos Miguel , Reguera Javier , Lanceros‐Méndez Senentxu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) have emerged as a novel class of chemical compounds for the development of advanced (multi)functional materials with outstanding potential in applications of several areas due to their unique properties and functionalities. The combination of ILs with polymers, in a composite, allows for developing smart materials, which synergistically combine the features of specific polymers and ILs. Moreover, ILs can be extensively modified by the incorporation of functional groups with specific properties into the cation, anion, or both. Thus, it is possible to tune the IL, the polymer, or both to obtain a broad spectrum of multifunctional composites and address the specific requirements of many applications. This work focusses on advanced materials and strategies concerning ILs and polymers for the development of smart IL/polymer‐based materials for applications including responsive and sensitive sensors, actuators, environment, batteries, fuel cells, and biomedical applications.
Highly Efficient and Water‐Insensitive Self‐Healing Elastomer for Wet and Underwater Electronics
Authors: Khatib Muhammad , Zohar Orr , Saliba Walaa , Srebnik Simcha , Haick Hossam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntegrating self‐healing capabilities into soft electronic devices increases their durability and long‐term reliability. Although some advances have been made, the use of self‐healing electronics in wet and/or (under)water environments has proven to be quite challenging, and has not yet been fully realized. Herein, a new highly water insensitive self‐healing elastomer with high stretchability and mechanical strength that can reach 1100% and ≈6.5 MPa, respectively, is reported. The elastomer exhibits a high (>80%) self‐healing efficiency (after ≈ 24 h) in high humidity and/or different (under)water conditions without the assistance of an external physical and/or chemical triggers. Soft electronic devices made from this elastomer are shown to be highly robust and able to recover their electrical properties after damages in both ambient and aqueous conditions. Moreover, once operated in extreme wet or underwater conditions (e.g., salty sea water), the self‐healing capability leads to the elimination of significant electrical leakage that would be caused by structural damages. This highly efficient self‐healing elastomer can help extend the use of soft electronics outside of the laboratory and allow a wide variety of wet and submarine applications.
Bioinspired Hierarchically Structured All‐Inorganic Nanocomposites with Significantly Improved Capacitive Performance
Authors: Yuan Qibin , Yao Fang‐Zhou , Cheng Shao‐Dong , Wang Linxi , Wang Yifei , Mi Shao‐Bo , Wang Qing , Wang Xiaohui , Wang Hong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLead‐free dielectric ceramics have been the spotlight in the search for environmentally benign materials for electrostatic energy storage because of the ever‐increasing environmental concerns. However, the inverse correlation between the polarization and dielectric breakdown strength is the major barrier hindering the provision of sufficient energy densities in lead‐free dielectric ceramics and practical applications thereof. Herein, a rational structure design inspired by nature is demonstrated as an effective strategy to overcome these challenges. Bioinspired raspberry‐like hierarchically structured all‐inorganic nanocomposites have been prepared by enclosing microsized BaTiO3‐Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 (BT‐BMZ) relaxor ferroelectrics using core‐shell BT‐BMZ@SiO2 nanoparticles. The synergistic effects of the bioinspired hierarchical structure and insulating SiO2 nano‐coating result in significantly improved dielectric breakdown strength and sustained large polarization in the nanocomposites, as corroborated by experimental characterizations and theoretical simulations. As a result, an ultrahigh energy density of 3.41 J cm−3 and a high efficiency of 85.1%, together with outstanding thermal stability within a broad temperature range, have been simultaneously achieved in the hierarchically structured nanocomposites. This contribution provides a feasible and paradigmatic approach to develop high‐performance dielectrics for electrostatic energy storage applications using bioinspired structure design.
Recent Advances in 2D MXenes for Photodetection
Authors: Xu Hao , Ren Aobo , Wu Jiang , Wang Zhiming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA new class of 2D transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides, termed MXenes, has emerged as a new candidate for many applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and energy storage. Since their first discovery in 2011, MXenes have gathered increasingly more interest owing to their unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties that can be tuned by different surface terminations and transition metals. In particular, the intriguing optical and electrical properties, including transparency, saturable absorption, and high conductivity, grant MXenes various roles in photodetectors, such as transparent electrodes, Schottky contacts, photoabsorbers, and plasmonic materials. Given the solution‐processability, MXenes also hold great potential for large‐scale synthesis, and thus are favored for a number of electronic and photonic device applications. In this review, recent advances in photodetectors based on 2D MXenes are summarized. Despite the fact that such applications have only recently been explored compared with other 2D materials, MXenes have shown promise in low‐cost and high‐performance photodetection.
Macroporous Hydrogels for Fast and Reversible Switching between Transparent and Structurally Colored States
Authors: Kim Jong Hyun , Lee Gun Ho , Kim Jong Bin , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractColloidal crystals have been used for creating stimuli‐responsive photonic materials. Here, macroporous hydrogels are designed, through a simple and reproducible protocol, that rapidly and reversibly switch between highly transparent and structurally colored states. The macroporous hydrogels are prepared by film‐casting photocurable dispersions of silica particles in hydrogel‐forming resins and selectively removing silica particles. The silica particles spontaneously form a nonclose‐packed array due to repulsive interparticle interaction, which form the regular array of cavities after removal. However, the cavities are randomly collapsed by drying, losing a long‐range order and rendering the materials highly transparent. When the hydrogels are swollen by either water, ethanol, or the mixture, the regular array is restored, which develops brilliant structural colors. This switching is completed in tens of seconds and repeatable without any hysteresis. The resonant wavelength depends on the composition of the water–ethanol mixture, where the dramatic shift occurs in one‐component‐rich mixtures due to the composition of the hydrogel. Micropatterns can be designed to have distinct domains of the macroporous hydrogels, which are transparent at the dried state and disclose encrypted graphics and unique reflectance spectra at the wet state. This class of solvent‐responsive photonic hydrogels is potentially useful for alcohol sensors and user‐interactive anti‐counterfeiting materials.
Chiral CuxOS@ZIF‐8 Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive Quantification of Hydrogen Sulfide In Vivo
Authors: Yuan Aimeng , Hao Changlong , Wu Xiaoling , Sun Maozhong , Qu Aihua , Xu Liguang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, a CuxOS@ZIF‐8 nanostructure is fabricated to quantify the levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in living cells and in vivo. Zeolitic lmidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) is chosen as an encapsulation shell to improve the selectivity of this probe. Using this unique nanostructure, ultrasensitive quantification and bioimaging of H2S in living cells are successfully achieved. The lower limit of detection is 0.8 and 5.3 nmol per 106 cells for circular dichroism and fluorescence modes, respectively. It is found that the chiral CuxOS NPs transformed into achiral CuxS NPs contribute to the ultrasensitive detection. Notably, this probe can also be carried out to detect and track H2S levels in tumor‐bearing animals. The discoveries put forward for the creation of a detection platform for quantitative tracking and analysis in clinic.