bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TDP-43 mediated blood-brain barrier permeability and leukocyte infiltration promote neurodegeneration in a low-grade systemic inflammation mouse model
Authors: Zamudio Frank , Loon Anjanet R. , Smeltzer Shayna , Benyamine Khawla , Navalpur Shanmugam Nanda K. , Stewart Nicholas J. F. , Lee Daniel C. , Nash Kevin , Selenica Maj-Linda B. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions containing TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are a neuropathological feature of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Emerging evidence also indicates that systemic inflammation may be a contributor to the pathology progression of these neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods
To investigate the role of systemic inflammation in the progression of neuronal TDP-43 pathology, AAV9 particles driven by the UCHL1 promoter were delivered to the frontal cortex of wild-type aged mice via intracranial injections to overexpress TDP-43 or green fluorescent protein (GFP) in corticospinal motor neurons. Animals were then subjected to a low-dose (500 μg/kg) intraperitoneal E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration challenge for 2 weeks to mimic a chronically altered low-grade systemic inflammatory state. Mice were then subjected to neurobehavioral studies, followed by biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses of the brain tissue.

Results
In the present study, we report that elevated neuronal TDP-43 levels induced microglial and astrocytic activation in the cortex of injected mice followed by increased RANTES signaling. Moreover, overexpression of TDP-43 exerted abundant mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG), CD3, and CD4+ T cell infiltration as well as endothelial and pericyte activation suggesting increased blood-brain barrier permeability. The BBB permeability in TDP-43 overexpressing brains yielded the frontal cortex vulnerable to the systemic inflammatory response following LPS treatment, leading to marked neutrophil infiltration, neuronal loss, reduced synaptosome-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) levels, and behavioral impairments in the radial arm water maze (RAWM) task.

Conclusions
These results reveal a novel role for TDP-43 in BBB permeability and leukocyte recruitment, indicating complex intermolecular interactions between an altered systemic inflammatory state and pathologically prone TDP-43 protein to promote disease progression.
Cytokeratin-positive interstitial reticulum cell (CIRC) tumor in the lymph node: a case report of the transformation from the epithelioid cell type to the spindle cell type
Authors: Kaji Sachiko , Hiruta Nobuyuki , Sasai Daisuke , Nagashima Makoto , Ohe Rintaro , Yamakawa Mitsunori 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCytokeratin-positive interstitial reticulum cells (CIRCs), which are a subgroup of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), are known to be present in the lymph nodes. There have been only a few cases of tumors derived from CIRCs.Case presentationWe have reported a new case involving a CIRC tumor in a 75-year-old man and reviewed the literature. The resected mediastinal lymph nodes showed epithelial-like proliferation of large atypical round and polygonal epithelioid cells. The tumor cells expressed CK8, CK18, CAM5.2, AE1/AE3, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, fascin, and some FRC markers, which is consistent with the diagnosis of a CIRC tumor. Following chemotherapy, the CIRC tumor was observed to have responded very well and became difficult to confirm on imaging, but a small cell lung carcinoma developed 12 months later. Chemoradiotherapy was performed, but the patient passed away 29 months after the initial diagnosis. The autopsy revealed the recurrence of the CIRC tumor, residual small cell lung carcinoma, and a very small latent carcinoma of the prostate. The relapsed CIRC tumor cells had a spindle shape; they were highly pleomorphic and had invaded the superior vena cava.ConclusionWe first reported autopsy findings of CIRC tumors and demonstrated the transformation of the tumor from the epithelioid cell type to the spindle cell type.
Shitsu-taikan-sho (alexisomia): a historical review and its clinical importance
Authors: Oka Takakazu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract“Shitsu-taikan-sho” is a clinical concept that refers to characteristics of having difficulty in the awareness and expression of somatic feelings or sensations. This concept was first proposed in 1979 by Dr. Yujiro Ikemi, the founder of psychosomatic medicine in Japan, as a characteristic observed in patients with psychosomatic diseases, i.e. physical diseases in which psychosocial factors are closely involved in their onset and progress. Soon after Dr. Ikemi introduced to Japan the concept of alexithymia, coined by P. E. Sifneos in 1973, he noticed that patients with psychosomatic diseases have difficulty in describing not only their emotions, but also somatic feelings and sensations. Dr. Ikemi proposed naming the concept of the trait of lacking somatic awareness “shitsu-taikan-sho” in Japanese (“alexisomia” in English), meaning “shitsu” a lack, “taikan” bodily feelings/sensations, and “sho” condition/symptoms. Dr. Ikemi observed characteristics of both alexithymia and alexisomia in patients with psychosomatic diseases, but considered alexisomia to have a more fundamental pathophysiological role in the understanding of psychosomatic diseases. He also emphasized the importance of treating alexisomia when treating psychosomatic diseases.Recently, alexisomia has again come into focus for various reasons. One is the availability of the Shitsu-taikan-sho Scale (STSS), a self-rating questionnaire to evaluate alexisomic tendency. Another is recent advances in basic research on interoception. The former will facilitate clinical studies on alexisomia, and the latter will enable a deeper understanding of alexisomia.This article is an overview of the historical development of the concept of alexisomia which was conceptualized by Dr. Ikemi, introduces the STSS, and discusses the current understanding and clinical importance of alexisomia in psychosomatic medicine.
Psychosocial distress among in-school adolescents in Mozambique: a cross-sectional study using the Global School-Based Health Survey data
Authors: Amu Hubert , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Agbemavi Wonder , Afriyie Bernard Owusu , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Kissah-Korsah Kwaku 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Poor mental health remains the leading cause of disability, with considerable negative impacts in low- and middle-income countries. In this study, we examined the prevalence and correlates of psychosocial distress among in-school adolescents in Mozambique.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of 1918 in-school adolescents, using data from the 2015 Mozambique Global School-Based Health Survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted in analysing the data. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
The prevalence of psychosocial distress was 21.2% (24.1% females and 18.5% males). Older adolescents [AOR = 1.681, 95% CI = 1.233–2.292] had higher odds of experiencing psychosocial distress, compared with younger adolescents. In terms of sex, males [AOR = 0.755, 95% CI 0.601–0.950] had lower odds of experiencing psychosocial distress, compared with females. Adolescents who were bullied [AOR = 1.451, 95% CI 1.150–1.831], physically attacked [AOR = 1.802, 95% CI 1.404–2.313], and engaged in a physical fight [AOR = 1.376, 95% CI 1.070–1.769] were respectively more likely to experience psychosocial distress than those who did not. Conversely, adolescents who had close friends [AOR = 0.503, 95% CI 0.372–0.681] had lower odds of being psychosocially distressed than those who did not have close friends.

Conclusion
The prevalence of psychosocial distress among in-school adolescents in Mozambique is relatively high. The country may not be able to meet the Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 target of promoting mental health and wellbeing of all by the year 2030 if current rates of psychosocial distress persist among in-school adolescents. Mental health education and counselling as well as social support from friends should be intensified to reduce mental health problems and enable adolescents to effectively deal with the psychosocial challenges encountered in their transition from childhood to adulthood.
Energy intake and expenditure in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: the NUDAD project
Authors: Doorduijn Astrid S. , de van der Schueren Marian A. E. , van de Rest Ondine , de Leeuw Francisca A. , Hendriksen Heleen M. A. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Scheltens Philip , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Visser Marjolein 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Malnutrition is common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and is associated with institutionalization and increased mortality. Malnutrition is the result of a negative energy balance, which could be due to reduced dietary intake and/or higher energy expenditure. To study underlying mechanisms for malnutrition, we investigated dietary intake and resting energy expenditure (REE) of patients with AD dementia, MCI, and controls. In addition, we studied associations of global cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)) and AD biomarkers with dietary intake and REE.

Methods
We included 219 participants from the NUDAD project, 71 patients with AD dementia (age 68 ± 8 years, 58% female, MMSE 24 ± 3), 52 with MCI (67 ± 8 years, 42% female, MMSE 26 ± 2), and 96 controls (62 ± 7 years, 52% female, MMSE 28 ± 2). We used a 238-item food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake (energy, protein, carbohydrate, and fat). In a subgroup of 92 participants (30 patients with AD dementia, 22 with MCI, and 40 controls) we measured REE with indirect calorimetry. Between-group differences in dietary intake and REE were tested with ANOVAs. In the total sample, linear regression analyses were used to explore potential associations of MMSE score and AD biomarkers with dietary intake and REE. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education, and body mass index or fat-free mass.

Results
Patients with AD dementia and MCI did not differ from controls in total energy intake (1991 ± 71 and 2172 ± 80 vs 2022 ± 61 kcal/day, p > 0.05) nor in protein, carbohydrate, or fat intake. Patients with AD dementia and MCI had a higher REE than controls (1704 ± 41 and 1754 ± 47 vs 1569 ± 34 kcal/day, p < 0.05). We did not find any association of MMSE score or AD biomarkers with dietary intake or REE.

Conclusions
We found a higher REE, despite similar energy intake in patients with AD and MCI compared to controls. These findings suggest that elevated metabolism rather than reduced energy intake explains malnutrition in AD. These results could be useful to optimize dietary advice for patients with AD dementia and MCI.
Associations between vascular risk factors and subsequent Alzheimer’s disease in older adults
Authors: Lee Hyewon , Kim Kiwon , Lee Yeong Chan , Kim Soyeon , Won Hong-Hee , Yu Tae Yang , Lee Eun-Mi , Kang Jae Myeong , Lewis Matthew , Kim Doh Kwan , Myung Woojae 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical guidelines related to the primary prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have focused on the management of vascular risk factors. However, the link between vascular risk factors and AD in older adults remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the association between vascular risk factors and subsequent AD in 178,586 older adults (age ≥ 65 years).MethodsParticipants were recruited from 2009 through 2010 and followed up for 6 years. We assessed various vascular risk factors (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], triglycerides [TG], fasting glucose [FG], systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], pulse pressure [PP], and body mass index [BMI]) and their association with AD incidence, categorizing each vascular factor using current clinical guidelines.ResultsAD was observed in 6.0% of participants at follow-up. All lipid profiles (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG) were positively associated with the risk of AD. SBP and PP were in negative associations with AD, and DBP was positively associated with AD. BMI exhibited a negative association with AD incidence. We found no significant association between FG and AD risk. The sex difference was observed to have effects on vascular risk factors.ConclusionsIn this study, we comprehensively investigated the association between eight vascular risk factors and the risk of incident AD. Our findings suggest that multiple vascular risk factors are related to the development of AD in older adults. These results can help inform future guidelines for reducing AD risk.
Knocking out Analysis of the CpxP gene using Crispr/Cas9 in Escherichia coli MG1655
Authors: He Xiaoliang , Ren Yuwen , Meng Wanli , Yu Xinran , Zhou Xiaohui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on the analysis of cpxP genes among Escherichia coli strains, cpxP gene-targeting short guide RNA (sgRNA) was designed and inserted into the pGL3-MGP-RNA. The donor sequences (MG-HR) for homologous repair were designed and cloned by PCR. MG-HR and pGL3-MGP-RNA were transformed into E. coli MG1655 (pCas9). The cpxP gene expression cassette was amplified by PCR and subcloned into pBBR1MCS-2. Then the pBBR-cpxP was independently transformed into E. coli MG1655. The results of motility experiment suggest that cpxP gene had a significant effect on the movement ability of E. coli strain. The CpxP protein had a significant inhibition of bacterial activity. The lastest 81 CpxP proteins sequences were selected and analyzed by multi-sequence alignment and molecular cluster. The CpxP proteins were roughly divided into three categories. Our results suggest that the CpxP protein was involved in bacterial motility, infection and pathogenicity.
Assessing the bird guild patterns in heterogeneous land use types around Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Sohil Asha , Sharma Neeraj 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLand-use sprawl in the Himalayas has caused the conversion of natural habitat into human-modified habitats, thus degrading ecosystem health. Adaptation of birds to changing physical environment can be well understood by analyzing their habitat preferences, and foraging dynamics explored to a limited extent in the Himalayan region, as yet. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of avian guild structure, we used multivariate statistical techniques to classify bird species according to their similarities in foraging patterns and habitat preferences. Observations based on habitat and diet affinities accounted for rich avian diversity with a total of 208 bird species (about 15% of country’s avifauna) recorded from six different sites during 1 year survey. Unweighted pair-group average cluster analysis performed on the families revealed ten feeding and fifteen habitat guilds among 63 bird families observed. Subtropical forests harbored more species followed by urban forests and agricultural landscapes. Insectivorous and omnivorous outnumbered other feeding guilds in the study area. Bird assemblages were richer in protected areas and semi-disturbed landscapes and did not show significant variation between the seasons. Results of the study revealed that different functional groups of birds behaved differently, primarily induced by choice of food. The site heterogeneity favored avifaunal persistence by providing favorable foraging, roosting, and nesting opportunities to birds. Composition of avian guilds indicated level of intactness and ecological integrity of ecosystems studied. This outcome thus sets the background for long-term analysis of bird-habitat relationship and their foraging dynamics. The study has the relevance for decision-makers to integrate avian guild structure as an essential ingredient in formulating conservation strategies.
Seasonality and moisture regime control soil respiration, enzyme activities, and soil microbial biomass carbon in a semi-arid forest of Delhi, India
Authors: Tomar Urvashi , Baishya Ratul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoil respiration, soil enzymes, and microbial biomass are important in carbon cycling in the terrestrial ecosystem which is generally limited by environmental factors and soil carbon availability. Hence, we tried to assess the factors affecting the functional aspects of these processes in a semi-arid climate. We monitored soil respiration (surface) using a portable infrared gas analyzer (Q-Box SR1LP Soil Respiration Package, Qubit Systems, Canada) equipped with a soil respiration chamber (Model: G 180). Soil respiration was measured at midday during each season throughout the study period. Soil enzymatic activities and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were analyzed following the standard protocol for a year during peak time in four seasons at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depth. Soil respiration shows significant variation with highest in monsoon (3.31 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) and lowest in winter (0.57 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1). Similarly, β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase, and phenol oxidase activity ranged from 11.15 to 212.59 μg PNP g−1 DW h−1, 0.11 to 16.47 μg TPF g−1 DW h−1, and 4102.95 to 10187.55 μmol ABTS+ g−1 DW min−1, respectively. MBC ranged from 17.08 to 484.5 μg C g−1. Besides, soil respiration, soil enzymes (except β-glucosidase), and MBC were significantly correlated with soil moisture. Seasonality, optimum moisture and temperature played a significant role in determining variations in soil microbiological processes (except β-glucosidase activity); the carbon cycling in the study area is assisted by enzyme activity; dehydrogenase and phenol oxidase played a significant role in soil respiration; hence, this landscape is sensitive to environmental changes.
Biogas potential and methanogenic community shift in in-situ anaerobic sewage sludge digestion with food waste leachate additions
Authors: Bae Ji Su , Yoon Yeo Myung , Shin Seon Kyoung , Lee Dong Jin , Seo Dong Cheol 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine methane yields (MY) of organic wastes in biogasification facilities according to the mixing ratio of food waste/food waste leachate and sewage sludge. One biogasification facility that treated sewage sludge only was compared with three biogasification facilities treating sewage sludge and food waste. The theoretical MY was derived based on analyses of carbohydrate, fat, and protein to examine the efficiency of the biogasification facility. The average actual MY was 0.424 Sm3CH4/kg volatile solids, which corresponded to 83.7% of theoretical MY. In the case of combined anaerobic digestion (CD) mixing with food waste/food waste leachate, inhibitory factors (volatile fatty acids [VFAs], total nitrogen [TN], and organic matter contents) showed the tendency to have relatively higher values in CD facilities than in the biogasification facility treating sewage sludge only. Mean concentrations of VFAs and TN in the anaerobic digester effluent, and the organic loading rate were 406 mg/L, 3,721 mg/L, and 1.62 kg volatile solids/m3 day, respectively. The influence of anaerobic digester effluent was in charge of 10% within the influent environmental loading rate from the sewage treatment plants associated with the biogasification facilities. Analyses of the microbial community showed that a remarkable change in the structure of methanogens was directly related to different MY in each plant. In particular, Methanoculleus and Methanosaeta increased with an increasing ratio of food waste/food waste leachate to sludge, while Methanococcus and Methanosarcina decreased. In conclusion, CD showed steady operational conditions and high efficiency of MY by injecting food waste/food waste leachate into the anaerobic digester. It met the current criteria for integrated treatment of organic waste in biogasification facilities in South Korea.
Evaluation of reanalysis and global meteorological products in Beas river basin of North-Western Himalaya
Authors: Bhattacharya Tanmoyee , Khare Deepak , Arora Manohar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is a great challenge to obtain reliable gridded meteorological data in some data-scarce and complex territories like the Himalaya region. Less dense observed raingauge data are unable to represent rainfall variability in the Beas river basin of North-Western Himalaya. In this study four reanalyses (MERRA, ERA-Interim, JRA-55 and CFSR) and one global meteorological forcing data WFDEI have been used to evaluate the potential of the products to represent orographic rainfall pattern of Beas river basin using hydrology model. The modeled climate data have compared with observed climate data for a long term basis. A comparison of various rainfall and temperature products helps to determine uniformity and disparity between various estimates. Results show that all temperature data have a good agreement with gridded observed data. ERA-Interim temperature data is better in terms of bias, RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), and correlation compared to other data. On the other hand, MERRA, ERA-Interim and JRA-55 models have overestimated rainfall values, but CFSR and WFDEI models have underestimated rainfall values to the measured values. Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC), a macroscale distributed hydrology model has been successfully applied to indirectly estimate the performance of five gridded meteorological data to represent Beas river basin rainfall pattern. The simulation result of the VIC hydrology model forced by these data reveals that the discharge of ERA-Interim has a good agreement with observed streamflow. In contrast there is an overestimated streamflow observed for MERRA reanalysis estimate. JRA-55, WFDEI, and CFSR data underestimate the streamflow. The reanalysis products are also poor in capturing the seasonal hydrograph pattern. The ERA-Interim product better represents orographic rainfall for the Beas river basin. The reason may be the ERA-Interim uses a four-dimensional variational analysis model during assimilation. The major drawback of MERRA is the non-inclusion of observed precipitation data during assimilation and modeling error. The poor performance of JRA-55, CFSR and WFDEI is due to the gauge rainfall data assimilation error. This research finding will help for broader research on hydrology and meteorology of the Himalayan region.