bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of a hybrid selective inventory control technique in a hospital: a precursor for inventory reduction through lean thinking
Authors: Gurumurthy Anand , Nair Vinoth Kumar , Vinodh S. 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe cost of providing healthcare is spiralling up in recent times. On the one hand, patients expect the highest quality of service, while on the other hand, the managers of the healthcare services want to minimise the total operating expenses. Hence, healthcare organisations implement lean thinking (LT) to achieve these twin objectives. LT reduces the eight wastes that are prevalent in the healthcare processes and functions. In particular, if the wasteful inventories related to expensive medical supplies are reduced, the resulting cost savings can help in providing affordable and accessible healthcare.Design/methodology/approachHence, in this paper, a case study of a hospital is presented where LT is implemented. One of the projects was related to inventory reduction in the store of the catheterisation laboratory (cath lab). A hybrid methodology called multi-unit selective inventory control (MUSIC) that combined these three dimensions (3D), namely, consumption value, criticality and lead time or ease of availability was used to classify the medical supplies into different categories.FindingsBased on the results obtained, various inventory systems and the associated tools and techniques of LT were proposed. For example, a deep dive into the A-class items revealed that some of the medical supplies fell under both vital and scarce categories. Hence, it was recommended that the case hospital should follow the economic order quantity (EOQ) with safety stock approach as these items were to be shipped from other states in India. Subsequently, the focus should be on developing a local supplier and attempts should be made to establish a kanban system with adequate information sharing.Practical implicationsThis study demonstrates the step-by-step methodology of MUSIC-3D which would guide the procurement managers to apply the same in their organisation. It also helps them in identifying appropriate elements of LT for inventory reduction before the actual deployment.Originality/valueNone of the papers has utilised the MUSIC-3D methodology as a precursor for inventory reduction, specifically within the domain of LT. Similarly, identifying and proposing different type of inventory systems and various LT practices based on this unique method is a novel attempt.
Impacts of community market development on the residents’ well-being and satisfaction
Authors: Fakfare Pipatpong , Wattanacharoensil Walanchalee 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the attitude and effects that community residents perceive the development of community market as a tourist attraction. The study examines the moderating role of the stages of the community life cycle, particularly the consolidation and stagnation stages, on the perceived tourism impacts concerning the community well-being.

Design/methodology/approach
Structural equation modelling using partial least squares analysis has been used in this study. This study has collected the responses from 852 respondents who are the residents of the 10 community markets in Thailand.

Findings
The key findings reveal that under the context of community markets, the economic factor, cultural factor and attitude of residents towards community market development have strong influences on community well-being, while the environmental factor does not show influence. Moreover, a deeper investigation on the stages of community development reveals various emphases on their impacts on the community well-being. The residents of the markets under the consolidation (early maturity) stage perceive the economic and cultural impacts to have more influence on well-being than the other stages, whereas residents of the markets under the stagnation (late maturity) stage perceive that the environmental factor and the attitude of having the community market have more influence. Although the findings that use the community life cycle as a moderating role do not yield significant results, they provide a preliminary understanding of how tourism stages shape the perception of residents on community well-being.

Originality/value
The findings provide insights into one type of domestic tourism, the community market, which is a common tourist attraction in Thailand. Community markets have not been particularly investigated in previous literature. This study is also among a handful works which apply the tourism life cycle as a moderating role to investigate the perception of residents towards the economic, cultural and environmental impacts on community well-being.
Efficacy and tolerability of low‐dose spironolactone and topical benzoyl peroxide in adult female acne: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Patiyasikunt Mattana , Chancheewa Bussabong , Asawanonda Pravit , Noppakun Nopadon , Kumtornrut Chanat 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEffective therapies for adult female acne (AFA) are limited. Oral spironolactone (SPL), 100–200 mg/day, is currently used off‐label to treat AFA. However, high‐dose SPL results in clinically significant side‐effects which prevent widespread use in clinical practice. The efficacy of low‐dose spironolactone in AFA is unknown. We examined the efficacy and tolerability of low‐dose (25–50 mg/day) oral SPL in Thai women with moderate AFA. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted for 12 weeks. Moderate AFA patients aged between 25 and 45 years received a combination of daily topical benzoyl peroxide (BP) 2.5% plus either SPL 25 mg (SPL25 group), SPL 50 mg (SPL50 group) or placebo. We performed total acne counts and Adult Female Acne Scoring Tool (AFAST) grading at 4‐week intervals. The success rate, defined as the proportion of participants achieving a “clear/almost clear” AFAST grade by the end of week 12, was considered as the main outcome. Treatment‐related adverse events (TRAE) were recorded. We enrolled 63 participants in the study. The total acne counts decreased significantly in all three groups (P < 0.05) as compared with baseline. Participants in the SPL50 group had a significantly higher success rate than those in the placebo group (P < 0.05). Serum potassium and creatinine levels showed no significant changes with treatment or between groups. A small number of participants in SPL25 and SPL50 reported mild and temporary TRAE, such as menstrual irregularities, breast tenderness and dizziness. The combination of SPL 50 mg/day and topical BP proved effective in improving moderate AFA in Thai women, with an acceptable side‐effect profile. We propose this regimen as an option for treating moderate AFA.
Biogenesis of Type V pili
Authors: Shoji Mikio , Shibata Satoshi , Sueyoshi Takayuki , Naito Mariko , Nakayama Koji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPili or fimbriae, which are filamentous structures present on the surface of bacteria, were purified from a periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, in 1980s. The protein component of pili (stalk pilin), which is its major component, was named FimA; it has a molecular weight of approximately 41 kDa. Because the molecular weight of the pilin from P. gingivalis is twice that of pilins from other bacterial pili, the P. gingivalis Fim pili were suggested to be formed via a novel mechanism. In earlier studies, we reported that the FimA pilin is secreted on the cell surface as a lipoprotein precursor, and the subsequent N‐terminal processing of the FimA precursor by arginine‐specific proteases is necessary for Fim pili formation. The crystal structures of FimA and its related proteins were determined recently, which show that Fim pili are formed by a protease‐mediated strand‐exchange mechanism. The most recent study conducted by us, wherein we performed cryoelectron microscopy of the pilus structure, provided evidence in support of this mechanism. As the P. gingivalis Fim pili are formed through novel transport and assembly mechanisms, such pili are now designated as Type V pili. Surface lipoproteins, including the anchor pilin FimB of Fim pili that are present on the outer membrane, have been detected in certain Gram‐negative bacteria. Here, we describe the assembly mechanisms of pili, including those of Type V and other pili, as well as the lipoprotein transport mechanisms.
Host phospholipase C‐γ1 impairs phagocytosis and killing of mycobacteria by J774A.1 murine macrophages
Authors: Paroha Ruchi , Chourasia Rashmi , Rai Rupal , Kumar Awanish , Vyas Ashish K. , Chaurasiya Shivendra K. , Singh Anirudh K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMacrophages represent the first line of defense against invading Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In order to enhance intracellular survival, Mtb targets various components of the host signaling pathways to limit macrophage functions. The outcome of Mtb infection depends on various factors derived from both host and pathogen. A detailed understanding of such factors operating during interaction of the pathogen with the host is a prerequisite for designing new approaches for combating mycobacterial infections. This work analyzed the role of host phospholipase C‐γ1 (PLC‐γ1) in regulating mycobacterial uptake and killing by J774A.1 murine macrophages. Small interfering RNA mediated knockdown of PLC‐γ1 increased internalization and reduced the intracellular survival of both Mtb and Mycobacterium smegmatis (MS) by macrophages. Down‐regulation of the host PLC‐γ1 was observed during the course of mycobacterial infection within these macrophages. Finally, Mtb infection also suppressed the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor‐α and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5 (RANTES) which was restored by knocking down PLC‐γ1 in J774A.1 cells. These observations suggest a role of host PLC‐γ1 in the uptake and killing of mycobacteria by murine macrophages.
Shotgun metagenomics reveal a diverse assemblage of protists in a model Antarctic soil ecosystem
Authors: Thompson Andrew R. , Geisen Stefan , Adams Byron J. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of Antarctica are established models for understanding fundamental processes in soil ecosystem functioning (e.g. ecological tipping points, community structuring and nutrient cycling) because the extreme physical environment drastically reduces biodiversity and ecological complexity. Understanding the functioning of MDV soils requires in‐depth knowledge of the diversity of MDV soil species. Protists, which contribute significantly to soil ecosystem functioning worldwide, remain poorly characterized in the MDV. To better assess the diversity of MDV protists, we performed shotgun metagenomics on 18 sites representing a variety of landscape features and edaphic variables. Our results show MDV soil protists are diverse at both the genus (155 of 281 eukaryote genera) and family (120) levels, but comprise only 6% of eukaryotic reads. Protists are structured by moisture, total N and distance from the local coast and possess limited richness in arid (< 5% moisture) and at high elevation sites, known drivers of communities in the MDV. High relative diversity and broad distribution of protists in our study promotes these organisms as key members of MDV soil microbiomes and the MDV as a useful system for understanding the contribution of soil protists to the structure of soil microbiomes.
MAPK pathway‐related tyrosine phosphatases regulate development, secondary metabolism and pathogenicity in fungus Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Yang Guang , Cao Xiaohong , Ma Genli , Qin Ling , Wu Yuanzhen , Lin Jian , Ye Peng , Yuan Jun , Wang Shihua 
Published: August 2020

SummaryMitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved in eukaryotic cells and are known to play crucial roles in the regulation of various cellular processes. However, compared with kinase‐mediated phosphorylation, dephosphorylation catalysed by phosphatases has not been well characterized in filamentous fungi. In this study, we identified five MAPK pathway‐related phosphatases (Msg5, Yvh1, Ptp1, Ptp2 and Oca2) and characterized their functions in Aspergillus flavus, which produces aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the most toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites. These five phosphatases were identified as negative regulators of MAPK (Slt2, Fus3 and Hog1) pathways. Deletion of Msg5 and Yvh1 resulted in significant defects in conidiation, sclerotia formation, aflatoxin production and crop infection. Additionally, double knockout mutants (ΔMsg5/ΔPtp1, ΔMsg5/ΔPtp2 and ΔMsg5/ΔOca2) displayed similar defects to those observed in the ΔMsg5 single mutant, indicating that Msg5 plays a major role in the regulation of development and pathogenicity in A. flavus. Importantly, we found that the active site at C439 is essential for the function of the Msg5 phosphatase. Furthermore, the MAP kinase Fus3 was found to be involved in the regulation of development, aflatoxin biosynthesis and pathogenicity, and its conserved phosphorylation residues (Thr and Tyr) were critical for the full range of its functions in A. flavus. Overall, our results reveal that MAPK related tyrosine phosphatases play important roles in the regulation of development, secondary metabolism and pathogenicity in A. flavus, and could be developed as potential targets for preventing damage caused by this fungal pathogen.
Attitudes towards risk‐reducing early salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy for ovarian cancer prevention: a cohort study
Authors: Gaba F , Blyuss O , Chandrasekaran D , Osman M , Goyal S , Gan C , Izatt L , Tripathi V , Esteban I , McNicol L , Ragupathy K , Crawford R , Evans DG , Legood R , Menon U , Manchanda R 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo determine risk‐reducing early salpingectomy and delayed oophorectomy (RRESDO) acceptability and effect of surgical prevention on menopausal sequelae/satisfaction/regret in women at increased ovarian cancer (OC) risk.DesignMulticentre, cohort, questionnaire study (IRSCTN:12310993).SettingUnited Kingdom (UK).PopulationUK women without OC ≥18 years, at increased OC risk, with/without previous RRSO, ascertained through specialist familial cancer/genetic clinics and BRCA support groups.MethodsParticipants completed a 39‐item questionnaire. Baseline characteristics were described using descriptive statistics. Logistic/linear regression models analysed the impact of variables on RRESDO acceptability and health outcomes.Main outcomesRRESDO acceptability, menopausal sequelae, satisfaction/regret.ResultsIn all, 346 of 683 participants underwent risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO). Of premenopausal women who had not undergone RRSO, 69.1% (181/262) found it acceptable to participate in a research study offering RRESDO. Premenopausal women concerned about sexual dysfunction were more likely to find RRESDO acceptable (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9, 95% CI 1.2–7.7, P = 0.025). Women experiencing sexual dysfunction after premenopausal RRSO were more likely to find RRESDO acceptable in retrospect (OR = 5.3, 95% CI 1.2–27.5, P < 0.031). In all, 88.8% (143/161) premenopausal and 95.2% (80/84) postmenopausal women who underwent RRSO, respectively, were satisfied with their decision, whereas 9.4% (15/160) premenopausal and 1.2% (1/81) postmenopausal women who underwent RRSO regretted their decision. HRT uptake in premenopausal individuals without breast cancer (BC) was 74.1% (80/108). HRT use did not significantly affect satisfaction/regret levels but did reduce symptoms of vaginal dryness (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.9, P = 0.025).ConclusionData show high RRESDO acceptability, particularly in women concerned about sexual dysfunction. Although RRSO satisfaction remains high, regret rates are much higher for premenopausal women than for postmenopausal women. HRT use following premenopausal RRSO does not increase satisfaction but does reduce vaginal dryness.Tweetable abstractRRESDO has high acceptability among premenopausal women at increased ovarian cancer risk, particularly those concerned about sexual dysfunction.
Impact of hysterectomy on analgesic, psychoactive and neuroactive drug use in women with endometriosis: nationwide cohort study
Authors: Brunes M , Altman D , Pålsson M , Söderberg MW , Ek M 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate how hysterectomy affects the prescription of analgesic, psychotropic and neuroactive drugs in women with endometriosis using population‐based nationwide registers.DesignNationwide cohort study.SettingSwedish national registers, from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2018.PopulationWomen with benign disease undergoing a total hysterectomy during the 4‐year period of 2012–2015. Women with endometriosis (n = 1074) were identified and compared with women who did not have endometriosis (n = 10 890).MethodsProspectively collected data from two population‐based registers were linked: the Swedish National Quality Register of Gynaecological Surgery and the Swedish National Drug Register. Multivariate logistic regression was used as the main statistical method.Main outcome measuresChanges in drug prescription over time for 3 years prior to and 3 years after hysterectomy.ResultsThe frequency of prescription of analgesics was higher in women with endometriosis compared with women without endometriosis (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7–2.9). Among women with endometriosis, the prescription of analgesics (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.8–1.2) did not decrease 3 years after hysterectomy compared with the 3 years prior to surgery. There was also a significantly higher rate of prescription of psychoactive (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4–2.0) and neuroactive drugs (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.7) in the long term postoperatively.ConclusionsIn women undergoing hysterectomy, endometriosis was associated with a higher prescription rate of analgesics. In the endometriosis group the prescription of analgesic, psychoactive and neuroactive drugs did not decrease when comparing prescription rates for the 3 years prior to and the 3 years after surgery.Tweetable abstractIn women with endometriosis, the long‐term prescription of analgesics did not decrease after hysterectomy.
Impact of wheat endogenous lipids on the quality of fresh bread: Key terms, concepts, and underlying mechanisms
Authors: Melis Sara , Delcour Jan A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour contains only low levels of lipids (2.0% to 3.0%), they tremendously affect fresh bread quality. They are either starch (30% to 40%) or nonstarch (60% to 70%) lipids. While the former are important in bread staling, they affect neither bread loaf volume nor crumb structure as they are only set free at the very end of the baking process and prior to that they are not available because of their location inside starch granules. This review mainly focuses on wheat nonstarch lipids and how they impact on bread quality. Traditional approaches for investigating their role in bread making have been to use flours varying in bread making quality, to defat and reconstitute flour with (fractions of) the extracted lipids and/or to supplement flour with lipids from wheat or other sources. More recently, lipases have been successfully applied to investigate how wheat lipids affect bread making. It is generally accepted that their impact on bread loaf volume and crumb structure largely if not entirely relates to that on bread dough gas cells stability. However, today there are still different views and hypotheses on the mechanism(s) whereby they impact fresh bread quality. This review first defines and introduces the key terms, concepts, and theories related to lipids, lipases, and bread making. Next, the effects that wheat endogenous lipids and their enzymatically released hydrolysis products have on fresh bread properties and the mechanisms whereby they exert these effects are reviewed.
Abusive Pediatric Thoracolumbar Fracture Due to Forced Hyperextension: Case Report, Biomechanical Considerations, and Review of the Literature
Authors: Webb Milad , Sherman Sarah S. , Sung LokMan , Schmidt Carl J. , Hlavaty Leigh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPediatric thoracolumbar fractures are rare due to the physiological differences which afford greater resilience to the immature spine. Most pediatric thoracolumbar fractures occur as the result of high energy trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents, and modes of reasonable accidental injuries are limited by age and developmental capabilities of the child. These fractures can occur as the result of inflicted blunt force trauma and child abuse, and in most cases, the mechanism of injury to the spine is not known. We report the death of a 29‐month‐old man due to blunt force trauma to the back and forced hyperextension of the thoracolumbar spine causing fracture of the fourth lumbar (L4) vertebral body. A complete forensic examination revealed a previous healing fracture of the anterior aspect of the L4 vertebral body, with acute disruption of the anterior longitudinal ligament overlying the fracture site, complete fracture of the vertebral body, and fatal retroperitoneal hemorrhage. We present a review of the biomechanical considerations of the pediatric spine, a survey of pediatric spinal fractures, and a review of the literature on pediatric abusive thoracolumbar fractures. In this case, there was never a provided explanation for how the injury occurred; however, understanding the biomechanics of the pediatric spine allowed for the determination of the mechanism, force required to produce this specific pattern of abusive spinal injury, and the manner of death.
Knockdown of specific cuticular proteins analogous to peritrophin 3 genes disrupt larval and ovarian development in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Hou Qiu‐Li , Chen Er‐Hu , Dou Wei , Wang Jin‐Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCuticular proteins (CPs) are critical components of the insect cuticle and play important roles in maintaining normal insect development and defense against various environmental stresses. The oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) is one of the most destructive pests worldwide, and its eight CPs analogous to peritrophin 3 (BdCPAP3) family genes have been identified in our previous study. In the present study, we further explored the possible roles of CPAP3 genes in B. dorsalis development. Each sequence of BdCPAP3 genes contained three conserved ChtBD2 (chitin‐binding) domains. Spatial and temporal expression patterns revealed that the four BdCPAP3 genes (BdCPAP3‐A1, B, E, and E2) might play important roles in larval pupariation of B. dorsalis. Moreover, treatment with a juvenile hormone analog (methoprene) significantly restricted expression of these four CPAP3 genes, whereas treatment with 20‐hydroxy‐ecdysone induced expression. The RNA interference (RNAi) results revealed that down‐regulated CPAP3 genes led to significant delay of pupariation, and injection of dsBdCPAP3‐E into 5‐d‐old B. dorsalis larvae caused approximately 40% mortality. Interestingly, we also confirmed that BdCPAP3‐D2 was involved in B. dorsalis ovarian development. This study showed that some specific CPAP3 genes had crucial roles in B. dorsalis development, and these CP genes could be used as potential targets to control this pest via RNAi.