bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in Botryosphaeriaceae from Eucalyptus plantations in YunNan Province in southwestern China across a climatic gradient
Authors: Li Guoqing , Slippers Bernard , Wingfield Michael J. , Chen Shuaifei 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe Botryosphaeriaceae accommodates many important pathogens of woody plants, including Eucalyptus. Recently, Botryosphaeriaceae were isolated from diseased plant parts from surveys of Eucalyptus plantations in the YunNan Province, China. The aims of this study were to identify these Botryosphaeriaceae isolates and to evaluate their pathogenicity to Eucalyptus. A total of 166 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae were obtained from six regions in the YunNan Province, of which 76 were from Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis hybrids, 49 from E. globulus trees, and 41 isolates were from other unknown Eucalyptus species or hybrids. Isolates were identified by comparing DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA locus (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), β-tubulin 2 (tub2) and DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2) genes, and combined with their morphological characteristics. Eleven species were identified, including Botryosphaeria fusispora, B. wangensis, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense, N. parvum, and six novel species described as B. puerensis, N. dianense, N. magniconidium, N. ningerense, N. parviconidium and N. yunnanense. The dominant species across the regions were N. yunnanense, N. parvum and B. wangensis, representing 31.3, 25.3 and 19.9% of the total isolates, respectively. Species diversity and composition changed across the different climatic zones, despite their relatively close geographic proximity and the fact that some of the species have a global distribution. All the Botryosphaeriaceae species were pathogenic to one-year-old plants of an E. urophylla × E. grandis clone and E. globulus seed-derived plants, but showed significant inter- and intra-species variation in aggressiveness amongst isolates. The study provides a foundation for monitoring and management of Botryosphaeriaceae through selection and breeding of Eucalyptus in the YunNan Province of southwestern China.
Believing that transferring more embryos will result in increased pregnancy rates: a flawed concept: a SWOT analysis
Authors: Dahan Michael H. , Tannus Samer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA belief exists that transferring multiple embryos can improve pregnancy rates. However, this concept is flawed. Multiple factors affect outcomes when transferring embryos, endometrial receptivity, and rates of aneuploidy among them. In this article, we will discuss how factors can affect outcomes at IVF that are independent of the number of embryos transferred. It is important to understand the role of accessory factors on pregnancy rates to be able to counsel patients as per the number of embryos that should be transferred. An understanding of this concept will also lead to a realistic understanding of how multiple embryo transfers may result in better cumulative pregnancy rates than a single transfer of multiple embryos. Finally, we will present a SWOT analysis diagram to help guide clinical decision-making.
Equivalence Randomized Trial to Compare Treatment on the Basis of Sentinel Node Biopsy Versus Neck Node Dissection in Operable T1-T2N0 Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Garrel Renaud , Poissonnet Gilles , Moyà Plana Antoine , Fakhry Nicolas , Dolivet Gilles , Lallemant Benjamin , Sarini Jérôme , Vergez Sebastien , Guelfucci Bruno , Choussy Olivier , Bastit Vianney , Richard Fanny , Costes Valérie , Landais Paul , Perriard Françoise , Daures Jean Pierre , de Verbizier Delphine , Favier Valentin , de Boutray Marie 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSESentinel node (SN) biopsy is accurate in operable oral and oropharyngeal cT1-T2N0 cancer (OC), but, to our knowledge, the oncologic equivalence of SN biopsy and neck lymph node dissection (ND; standard treatment) has never been evaluated.METHODSIn this phase III multicenter trial, 307 patients with OC were randomly assigned to (1) the ND arm or (2) the SN arm (experimental arm: biopsy alone if negative, or followed by ND if positive, during primary tumor surgery). The primary outcome was neck node recurrence-free survival (RFS) at 2 years. Secondary outcomes were 5-year neck node RFS, 2- and 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS). Other outcomes were hospital stay length, neck and shoulder morbidity, and number of physiotherapy prescriptions during the 2 years after surgery.RESULTSData on 279 patients (139 ND and 140 SN) could be analyzed. Neck node RFS was 89.6% (95% CI, 0.83% to 0.94%) at 2 years in the ND arm and 90.7% (95% CI, 0.84% to 0.95%) in the SN arm, confirming the equivalence with P < .01. The 5-year RFS and the 2- and 5-year DSS and OS were not significantly different between arms. The median hospital stay length was 8 days in the ND arm and 7 days in the SN arm ( P < .01). The functional outcomes were significantly worse in the ND arm until 6 months after surgery.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated the oncologic equivalence of the SN and ND approaches, with lower morbidity in the SN arm during the first 6 months after surgery, thus establishing SN as the standard of care in OC.
Camrelizumab Plus Apatinib in Patients With Advanced Cervical Cancer (CLAP): A Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase II Trial
Authors: Lan Chunyan , Shen Jingxian , Wang Yin , Li Jundong , Liu Zhimin , He Mian , Cao Xinping , Ling Jiayu , Huang Jiaming , Zheng Min , Zou Guorong , Yan Haowen , Liu Qing , Yang Fan , Wei Wei , Deng Yanhong , Xiong Ying , Huang Xin 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE Camrelizumab is an antibody against programmed death protein 1. We assessed the activity and safety of camrelizumab plus apatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, in patients with advanced cervical cancer. METHODS This multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase II study enrolled patients with advanced cervical cancer who progressed after at least one line of systemic therapy. Patients received camrelizumab 200 mg every 2 weeks and apatinib 250 mg once per day. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by investigators per RECIST version 1.1. Key secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), duration of response, and safety. RESULTS Forty-five patients were enrolled and received treatment. Median age was 51.0 years (range, 33-67 years), and 57.8% of patients had previously received two or more lines of chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic disease. Ten patients (22.2%) had received bevacizumab. Median follow-up was 11.3 months (range, 1.0-15.5 months). ORR was 55.6% (95% CI, 40.0% to 70.4%), with two complete and 23 partial responses. Median PFS was 8.8 months (95% CI, 5.6 months to not estimable). Median duration of response and median OS were not reached. Treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 71.1% of patients, and the most common AEs were hypertension (24.4%), anemia (20.0%), and fatigue (15.6%). The most common potential immune-related AEs included grade 1-2 hypothyroidism (22.2%) and reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (8.9%). CONCLUSION Camrelizumab plus apatinib had promising antitumor activity and manageable toxicities in patients with advanced cervical cancer. Larger randomized controlled trials are warranted to validate our findings.
X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: A New Era in Management
Authors: Dahir Kathryn , Roberts Mary Scott , Krolczyk Stan , Simmons Jill H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare, hereditary, progressive musculoskeletal disease that often causes pain and short stature, as well as decreased physical function, mobility, and quality of life. Hypophosphatemia in XLH is caused by loss of function mutations in the phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked (PHEX) gene, resulting in excess levels of the phosphate-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which leads to renal phosphate wasting and decreased serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production. Historically, treatment options were limited to oral phosphate and active vitamin D analogues (conventional management) dosed several times daily in an attempt to improve skeletal mineralization by increasing serum phosphorus. The recent approval of burosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to FGF23, has provided a new, targeted treatment option for patients with XLH. This review summarizes our current understanding of XLH, the safety and efficacy of conventional management and burosumab, existing recommendations for managing patients, and unanswered questions in the field.
Sexual functioning as predictor of depressive symptoms and life satisfaction in females with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Shakeel Muneeba , Ashraf Farzana , Wajid Amina 
Published: October 2020

Background & Objective: PCOS is the one of the frequently diagnosed endocrine syndrome in Pakistani women. However, little attention has been devoted to empirical investigation of the role of sexual dysfunction in developing depressive symptoms and reducing life satisfaction. Our objective was to determine the contribution of Sexual dysfunction in developing depressive symptoms and life dissatisfaction in females diagnosed with PCOS.
Methods: This correlation study was carried out from 1st September 2019 to 15th February 2020 at COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus. A sample of 60 women with PCOS between reproductive age 18 – 38 years (Mage = 27.86, SD = 4.58) was selected through purposive sampling technique from the government hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. The participants responded to a Demographic Information Form, Female Sexual Functioning Index, Siddiqui Shah Depression and Life Satisfaction Scale.
Results: Correlation analysis revealed significant positive link of sexual dysfunction with depressive symptoms and negative link with life satisfaction level. Further, regression analysis revealed sexual functioning as significant predictor of depressive symptoms only.
Conclusion: Sexual dysfunction play a major role in general mental health of females, therefore, screening and identification as well as preventive measure need to be introduced at early level of development. In addition, current study findings suggest that once females are diagnosed with PCOS, they should be provided sufficient counselling services in order to deal with depressive symptoms and feeling of low life satisfaction. Further, targeted interventions and counselling services may also facilitate in optimising patient care.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2562
How to cite this:Shakil M, Ashraf F, Wajid A. Sexual functioning as predictor of depressive symptoms and life satisfaction in females with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1500-1504. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2562
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case Report: Hemolysis in a G6PD-deficient patient, a dose-dependent effect of metformin
Authors: Irshad Yusra , Nadeem Mahum , Khan Usman , Tariq Ezza , Khakwani Aemen 
Published: October 2020

Glucose-6-phosphate deficiency is an X-linked genetic disorder, which predisposes erythrocytes to oxidative stress, resulting in hemolysis. It is the most common enzymatic deficiency, and typically affects African, Asian, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern lineages. It can be induced by some medications, chemicals, and foods. Metformin is an uncommon drug to cause hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients. We report a case of a 52-year old African American male with G6PD-related hemolysis secondary to toxic metformin accumulation with acute kidney injury (AKI). The patient was a type-2 diabetic and was taking metformin (500mg twice daily) for three years. He presented to the ER with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for last three days with severe hemodynamic instability. Labs revealed hemoglobin 15mg/dl, white blood count 28 mm3/L, creatinine 10 mg/dl, blood urea nitrogen 100 mg/dl, bicarbonate 7 mEq/L, lactic acid 17 mg/dl, pH 6.8, pCO2 21mmHg, metformin 41 mcg/ml, albumin-globulin 41. Severe sepsis protocol was activated; IV fluids 30ml/kg bolus and antibiotics were given. CT abdomen revealed colitis. The patient was started on continuous renal replacement therapy. The next day, the patient’s hemoglobin dropped to 12.6 mg/dl. A hemolytic panel was unswerving with hemolysis and G6PD levels reported low at 1.72. The patient improved with antibiotics, but the hemolysis continued. Metformin toxicity induced hemolysis was suspected. The patient’s hemoglobin dropped to 6g/dl and he received blood transfusions. His hemoglobin started to improve with hemodialysis sessions, as metformin levels started to normalize, emphasizing the fact that patient was clearing metformin. Unlike most cases reported, in which hemolysis occurs within days to months of starting metformin, in our patient it occurred due to the cumulative effect of metformin because of the patient’s underlying AKI. This led us to propose that the hemolytic effect of metformin may not only be time-dependent but also dose-dependent.
Rapid Discrete Optimization via Simulation with Gaussian Markov Random Fields
Authors: Semelhago Mark , Nelson Barry L. , Song Eunhye , Wächter Andreas 
Published: October 2020

Inference-based optimization via simulation, which substitutes Gaussian process (GP) learning for the structural properties exploited in mathematical programming, is a powerful paradigm that has been shown to be remarkably effective in problems of modest feasible-region size and decision-variable dimension. The limitation to “modest” problems is a result of the computational overhead and numerical challenges encountered in computing the GP conditional (posterior) distribution on each iteration. In this paper, we substantially expand the size of discrete-decision-variable optimization-via-simulation problems that can be attacked in this way by exploiting a particular GP—discrete Gaussian Markov random fields—and carefully tailored computational methods. The result is the rapid Gaussian Markov Improvement Algorithm (rGMIA), an algorithm that delivers both a global convergence guarantee and finite-sample optimality-gap inference for significantly larger problems. Between infrequent evaluations of the global conditional distribution, rGMIA applies the full power of GP learning to rapidly search smaller sets of promising feasible solutions that need not be spatially close. We carefully document the computational savings via complexity analysis and an extensive empirical study. Summary of Contribution: The broad topic of the paper is optimization via simulation, which means optimizing some performance measure of a system that may only be estimated by executing a stochastic, discrete-event simulation. Stochastic simulation is a core topic and method of operations research. The focus of this paper is on significantly speeding-up the computations underlying an existing method that is based on Gaussian process learning, where the underlying Gaussian process is a discrete Gaussian Markov Random Field. This speed-up is accomplished by employing smart computational linear algebra, state-of-the-art algorithms, and a careful divide-and-conquer evaluation strategy. Problems of significantly greater size than any other existing algorithm with similar guarantees can solve are solved as illustrations.
Growth characteristics of human juvenile, adult and murine fibroblasts: a comparison of polymer wound dressings
Authors: Gögele Clemens , Schulze-Tanzil Gundula , Kokozidou Maria , Gäbel Christiane , Billner Moritz , Reichert Bert , Bodenschatz Karl 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Fibroblasts are important for the successful healing of deep wounds. However, the influence exerted by Cuticell, a natural polymer on fibroblasts and by the synthetic polymer, Suprathel, made of poly-L-lactic acid, is not sufficiently characterised. This study compared the survival and growth characteristics of human juvenile and adult dermal fibroblasts as well as murine fibroblast cell line L929, on a natural polymer with those of a synthetic polymer using different culture models. Method: Murine, juvenile and adult human fibroblasts were seeded on both the natural and synthetic polymers using statical slide culture or the medium air interface and dynamical rotatory culture. Cell adherence, viability, morphology and actin cytoskeleton architecture were monitored for 1–7 days. Biomaterial permeability was checked with a previously established diffusion chamber. Results: The majority of the murine and adult human fibroblasts survived in slide and rotatory cultures on both wound dressings. The fibroblasts seeded on the synthetic polymer exhibited phenotypically a typical spread shape with multiple cell adhesion sites earlier than those on the natural polymer. The highest survival rates in all tested fibroblast species over the entire observation time were detected in rotatory culture (mean: >70%). Nevertheless, it led to cell-cluster formation on both materials. In the medium air interface culture, few adult fibroblasts adhered and survived until the seventh day of culture on both the natural and synthetic polymers, and no viable juvenile and L929 fibroblasts could be found by day seven. Apart from a significant higher survival rate of L929 in slide culture on the natural polymer compared with the synthetic polymer at the end of the culturing period (p<0.0001), and a higher cell survival of L929 on the natural polymer in medium air interface culture, only minor differences between both materials were evident. This suggested a comparable cytocompatibility of both materials. Permeability testing revealed slightly higher permeance of the natural polymer compared with the synthetic polymer. Conclusion: Cell survival rates depended on the culture system and the fibroblast source. Nevertheless, the juvenile skin fibroblasts were the most sensitive. This observation suggests that wound dressings used in treating children should be tested beforehand with juvenile fibroblasts to ensure the dressing does not compromise wound healing. Future experiments should also include the response of compromised fibroblasts, for example, from burn patients.
Hip fracture treatment in Norway
Authors: Kjærvik Cato , Stensland Eva , Byhring Hanne Sigrun , Gjertsen Jan-Erik , Dybvik Eva , Søreide Odd 
Published: October 2020

Aims The aim of this study was to describe variation in hip fracture treatment in Norway expressed as adherence to international and national evidence-based treatment guidelines, to study factors influencing deviation from guidelines, and to analyze consequences of non-adherence. Methods International and national guidelines were identified and treatment recommendations extracted. All 43 hospitals routinely treating hip fractures in Norway were characterized. From the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register (NHFR), hip fracture patients aged > 65 years and operated in the period January 2014 to December 2018 for fractures with conclusive treatment guidelines were included (n = 29,613: femoral neck fractures (n = 21,325), stable trochanteric fractures (n = 5,546), inter- and subtrochanteric fractures (n = 2,742)). Adherence to treatment recommendations and a composite indicator of best practice were analyzed. Patient survival and reoperations were evaluated for each recommendation. Results Median age of the patients was 84 (IQR 77 to 89) years and 69% (20,427/29,613) were women. Overall, 79% (23,390/29,613) were treated within 48 hours, and 80% (23,635/29,613) by a surgeon with more than three years’ experience. Adherence to guidelines varied substantially but was markedly better in 2018 than in 2014. Having a dedicated hip fracture unit (OR 1.06, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.11) and a hospital hip fracture programme (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.27) increased the probability of treatment according to best practice. Surgery after 48 hours increased one-year mortality significantly (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.22; p = 0.001). Alternative treatment to arthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs) increased mortality after 30 days (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.62)) and one year (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.72), and also increased the number of reoperations (OR 4.61, 95% CI 3.73 to 5.71). An uncemented stem increased the risk of reoperation significantly (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.48; p = 0.030). Conclusion Our study demonstrates a substantial variation between hospitals in adherence to evidence-based guidelines for treatment of hip fractures in Norway. Non-adherence can be ascribed to in-hospital factors. Poor adherence has significant negative consequences for patients in the form of increased mortality rates at 30 and 365 days post-treatment and in reoperation rates. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-10:644–653.
Potential Suitability of Subirrigation for Field Crops in the U.S. Midwest
Authors: Yu Feng , Frankenberger Jane , Ackerson Jason , Reinhart Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

HighlightsA fuzzy rating system was created based on published criteria for subirrigation suitability.Maps showing potential suitability for subirrigation were created for the U.S. Midwest.78,500 km2 across the U.S. Midwest is potentially suitability for subirrigation.Maps identify potential subirrigation locations pending onsite assessment.Abstract. Subirrigation through subsurface tile drains has potential to increase crop yields and improve water quality in tile-drained landscapes, but it has not been widely implemented. Identifying locations with high potential suitability for subirrigation may help the planning and implementation of this practice. In this study, we developed a fuzzy rating system for subirrigation suitability using the Gridded Soil Survey Geographic Database (gSSURGO). Maps of the fuzzy rating system identified locations of high potential suitability for subirrigation and highlighted physiographic regions highly conducive to the practice. We identified 78,500 km2, about 9%, of agricultural land in the Midwest with high potential suitability for subirrigation where onsite investigation may be targeted. The largest areas of high potential suitability were found in Minnesota, Illinois, and Indiana. Results from the fuzzy rating analysis are provided to the public through three channels: a downloadable data repository, map service, and web map tool. Ultimately, this study can facilitate the adoption of subirrigation by highlighting areas where subirrigation may potentially be a viable practice. Keywords: Controlled drainage, Fuzzy rating, Geographic information system (GIS), Gridded Soil Survey Geographic Database (gSSURGO), Midwestern U.S., Subirrigation.