bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling suppresses αvβ6 integrin and promotes periodontal inflammation and bone loss
Authors: Bi Jiarui , Koivisto Leeni , Dai Jiayin , Zhuang Deshu , Jiang Guoqiao , Larjava Milla , Shen Ya , Bi Liangjia , Liu Fang , Haapasalo Markus , Häkkinen Lari , Larjava Hannu 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
In periodontal disease (PD), bacterial biofilms cause gingival inflammation, leading to bone loss. In healthy individuals, αvβ6 integrin in junctional epithelium maintains anti-inflammatory transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling, whereas its expression is lost in individuals with PD. Bacterial biofilms suppress β6 integrin expression in cultured gingival epithelial cells (GECs) by attenuating TGF-β1 signaling, leading to an enhanced pro-inflammatory response. In the present study, we show that GEC exposure to biofilms induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Inhibition of EGFR and ERK stunted both the biofilm-induced ITGB6 suppression and IL1B stimulation. Furthermore, biofilm induced the expression of endogenous EGFR ligands that suppressed ITGB6 and stimulated IL1B expression, indicating that the effects of the biofilm were mediated by autocrine EGFR signaling. Biofilm and EGFR ligands induced inhibitory phosphorylation of the TGF-β1 signaling mediator Smad3 at S208. Overexpression of a phosphorylation-defective mutant of Smad3 (S208A) reduced the β6 integrin suppression. Furthermore, inhibition of EGFR signaling significantly reduced bone loss and inflammation in an experimental PD model. Thus, EGFR inhibition may provide a target for clinical therapies to prevent inflammation and bone loss in PD.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Untargeted metabolomics to understand the basis of phenotypic differences in amphotericin B-resistant Leishmania parasites
Authors: Pountain Andrew W. , Barrett Michael P. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Protozoan Leishmania parasites are responsible for a range of clinical infections that represent a substantial challenge for global health. Amphotericin B (AmB) is increasingly used to treat Leishmania infection, so understanding the potential for resistance to this drug is an important priority. Previously we described four independently-derived AmB-resistant L. mexicana lines that exhibited resistance-associated genetic lesions resulting in altered sterol content. However, substantial phenotypic variation between these lines, including differences in virulence attributes, were not fully explained by these changes. Methods: To identify alterations in cellular metabolism potentially related to phenotypic differences between wild-type and AmB-resistant lines, we extracted metabolites and performed untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: We observed substantial differences in metabolite abundance between lines, arising in an apparently stochastic manner. Concerted remodeling of central carbon metabolism was not observed; however, in three lines, decreased abundance of several oligohexoses was observed. Given that the oligomannose mannogen is an important virulence factor in Leishmania, this could relate to loss of virulence in these lines. Increased abundance of the reduced forms of the oxidative stress-protective thiols trypanothione and glutathione was also observed in multiple lines. Conclusions: This dataset will provide a useful resource for understanding the molecular basis of drug resistance in Leishmania, and suggests a role for metabolic changes separate from the primary mechanism of drug resistance in determining the phenotypic profile of parasite lines subjected to experimental selection of resistance.
Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks: A Case Study
Authors: Аме-Иахя Шериф , Amer-Yahia Cherif , Мэджидзэдех Тодд , Majidzadeh Todd 
Published: November 2019

В статье описывается детальное исследование покрытий полотна двух мостов с использованием георадара, инфракрасной термографии, дорожного утюга с цепью, картирования трещин, отбора кернов и измерения концентрации ионов хлора. Обсуждается использование георадара для обнаружения дефектов полотна моста на уровне стальной арматуры и использование термографии для идентификации расслоения покрытия. Полученные результаты сравниваются с результатами зондирования покрытий. Обсуждена корреляция между повреждениями, обнаруженными с использованием георадара и термографии, и обычной технологией дорожного утюга с цепью. Методы НК, использованные в этом исследовании, дополняли друг друга для получения максимального объёма информации и более эффективной оценки состояния покрытий мостового полотна. Инфракрасная термография была эффективной при обнаружении неглубокого расслоения. Георадар обнаружил повреждения на уровне арматурнго профиля и повреждения, простирающиеся вверх от коррозионной арматуры примерно на 2,5 см от покрытия. В отличие от дорожного утюга, который обнаруживает разрывы на последней стадии, георадар обнаруживает признаки, связанные с коррозией арматуры, такие как высокое содержание влаги и высокие концентрации хлоридных ионов, на ранних стадиях. Предлагается комплексные меры восстановления этих двух элементов покрытия.
Expectation Management in Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: He Jie (Jack) , Liu Tingting , Netter Jeffry , Shu Tao 
Published: November 2019

Takeover bidders in stock-for-stock mergers have strong incentives to increase their own premerger stock prices to lower their acquisition costs. We find that before announcements of stock mergers, bidders manage down analyst earnings forecasts prior to earnings releases. Such expectation management benefits bidders by increasing their own stock prices and saving on acquisition costs. Additionally, analysts who have close relations with stock bidders are more likely to participate in expectation management. For identification, we use an instrumental variable analysis, a pseudo-event analysis, and a propensity score-matching approach. Our paper provides evidence on expectation management as a previously underexplored opportunistic behavior by takeover bidders. This paper was accepted by Shivaram Rajgopal, accounting.
<p><strong>Contribution to the knowledge of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) from Goiás State, </strong><strong>Brazil</strong></p>
Authors: RAIMUNDI ERIKCSEN AUGUSTO 
Published: November 2019

Gioás State is located in the Central Region of Brazil belonging to a massive area of the Cerrado biome. The knowledge of Ephemeroptera in Goiás is limited by few derived from punctual collections. As result of a survey in 25 sample sites of Goiás, I present a taxonomic contribution of Ephemeroptera from the State. From the total of 830 specimens collected, 21 genera and 25 species were recorded. Caenidae (Caenis) is recorded from Goiás for the first time, as well as new records of 10 genera and 16 species. Key words: Cerrado; Checklist; Neotropics; Brazilian Savanna; mayfly; taxonomy
<p><strong>Extralimital Dynastinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Australia</strong></p>
Authors: ALLSOPP PETER GEOFFREY , HUTCHINSON PAUL 
Published: November 2019

The identification, origin, introduction, establishment, spread and pest status of extralimital (introduced, those that naturally occur within and outside Australia, and possibly introduced but of uncertain origin) dynastines in Australia and its territories are reviewed. We examine likely introduction pathways and the species’ life histories and attempt to draw out factors that predispose some species to establish, naturalise and then become invasive. Six categories of extralimital dynastines are identified: established and have spread widely (invasive)—Cyclocephala signaticollis Burmeister, 1847, Heteronychus arator (Fabricius, 1775); established but have not spread widely (sleepers)—Oryctes rhinoceros (Linnaeus, 1758), Oryctoderus latitarsus Boisduval, 1835 (possibly), Papuana woodlarkiana (Montrouzier, 1855) (possibly), Temnorhynchus retusus (Fabricius, 1781); known from one or only a few specimens that have arrived but not established—H. parumpunctatus Burmeister, 1847, Or. centaurus Sternberg, 1910, Pa. angusta Arrow, 1914, Pentodon algerinus algerinus (Fuessly, 1778); with distributions that extend from New Guinea into northeastern Australia—Pa. woodlarkiana (possibly), Od. latitarsus (possibly), Xylotrupes carinulus Rowland, 2011; whose records within Australia are doubtful—Dipelicus integriceps (Fairmaire, 1877), D. montrouzieri (Reiche, 1860), Or. nasicornis (Linnaeus, 1758), Pa. tibialis Arrow, 1941, Phyllognathus degener Fairmaire, 1891; species whose identity is unclear—Carne’s (1981) enigmatic species. Characters that make a species an ideal tramp species are: adults feed and are active for an extended period after emergence; larval development is relatively quick; adults and larvae are associated with potted plants and lawn grasses; the native distribution is in the Southern Hemisphere so that life cycles are synchronised between original and introduced localities. Shipping ballast and potted plants were the probable major pathways of introduction, but now rapid air and land transport provide the means for movement into and within Australia of hitchhiker species. Key words: Dynastinae, introductions, exotic species, pest species, quarantine, biosecurity
Online Platforms and the Digital Turn in EU Contract Law: Unfair Practices, Transparency and the (pierced) Veil of Digital Immunity
Authors: Iamiceli Paola 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The digital revolution has pervaded entire sectors of economy and society, creating new markets and new market intermediaries, able to aggregate massive demand and offer beyond any conceivable thresholds in the offline setting.
The article moves from the recent adoption of the EU/2019/1150 Regulation on fairness and transparency for business users of online intermediation services and the pending reform of several consumer directives under the auspices of the Digital Agenda and the New Deal for Consumers. It focuses on the role of online platforms and addresses two main policy issues: (i) whether EU legislation should go beyond the adaptation of existing rules opting for a sharper turn towards dedicated regulatory tools in the field of digital law, and (ii) whether the digital dimension of trade should lead to revise the current focus on consumer protection and, more broadly, the current divide between BtoC and BtoB law.
Digital private law is taking the first steps into the internal market. Whereas national private law will continue to provide the general framework for private law matters arising in the internet and may certainly contribute to define model rules for ad hoc legislation on digital trade, the EU legislation is due to play a major role and to find new balances between the fundamental freedoms and the protection of digital users. The digital challenge will enable EU institutions to take part in a global venture well beyond the boundaries of the internal market.
Larch-derived hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon with echinus-like architecture for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Chen Honglei , Sha Lei , Zhang Yujie , Wang Shoujuan , Kong Fangong , Muench Falk , Zhao Xin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Echinus-like nitrogen-doped carbon with a hierarchical porous structure was synthesized from green larch waste and urea via liquid in situ doping and high-temperature carbonization. Benefitting from a large specific surface area (649 m2 g−1) and hierarchical porous structure, the nitrogen-doped carbon exhibited excellent electrochemical performance for supercapacitors. Remarkably, the echinus-like nitrogen-doped carbon achieved a high specific capacitance of 340 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte as well as a good performance rate and stability (with a capacitance retention of 98% after 5000 cycles). This capacitance was almost 1.5 times higher than that of undoped carbon due to the contribution of the pseudocapacitance from the nitrogen doping. Larch sawdust is a promising carbon source for fabricating inexpensive, sustainable and high-performance supercapacitor materials.
Determination of the frequency of β-lactamase genes (bla SHV, bla TEM, bla CTX-M) and phylogenetic groups among ESBL-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from outpatients
Authors: Mirkalantari Shiva , Masjedian Faramarz , Irajian Gholamreza , Siddig Emmanuel Edwar , Fattahi Azam 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background

Escherichia coli accounts for 70–95% of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs). Recently, there has been an increase in the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) in the community which required an accurate identification for better management. Therefore, the current study was performed to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern, investigate ESBL phenotypes and genotypes (blaCTX-M, bla TEM and bla SHV genes) and determine the phylogenetic groups among ESBL-positive isolates from outpatients.

Methods
One hundred and eighty-three positive urine samples were collected from 4450 outpatient clinic attendees. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined and ESBL phenotype screening was carried out using disk diffusion agar and combination disk techniques, respectively. The assessment of the presence of the blaCTX-M, bla TEM and blaSHV genes and phylogenetic grouping were performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.

Results
Out of 183 E. coli isolates, 59 (32.2%) showed a positive ESBL phenotype. The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli was higher in males (57.4%). Fifty-seven of the ESBL-producing strains carried at least one of the β-lactamase genes (bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla SHV). Phylotyping of multi-drug resistant isolates indicated that the isolates belonged to B2, A and D phylogroups. Analysis of resistance patterns among these phylogroups revealed that 74.4%, 55.3% and 29.7% of the isolates in the B2 group were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, respectively. Most of the strains in the phylogroup B2 carried the bla CTX-M gene.

Conclusions
All the ESBL-producing isolates were placed in one of the four phylogenetic groups. The presence of CTX-M and resistance to quinolones were more frequent in B2 strains than in non-B2 strains.
The optimal pebbling of spindle graphs
Authors: Gao Ze-Tu , Yin Jian-Hua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGiven a distribution of pebbles on the vertices of a connected graphG, apebbling moveonGconsists of taking two pebbles off one vertex and placing one on an adjacent vertex. Theoptimal pebbling numberofG, denoted byπopt(G), is the smallest numbermsuch that for some distribution ofmpebbles onG, one pebble can be moved to any vertex ofGby a sequence of pebbling moves. LetPkbe the path onkvertices. Snevily defined then–kspindle graph as follows: takencopies ofPkand two extra verticesxandy, and then join the left endpoint (respectively, the right endpoint) of eachPktox(respectively,y), the resulting graph is denoted byS(n,k), and called then–kspindle graph. In this paper, we determine the optimal pebbling number for spindle graphs.
The Tool Noun and Tool Verb Alternation in Gesture
Authors: Wu Suwei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn recent years, increasing attention has been devoted to investigating what aspects of grammar in spoken language are coordinated with gesture. However, previous studies have focused on gesture use in relation to other grammatical categories rather than the basic grammatical categories of nouns and verbs. Against this background, this study, taking the tool noun and tool verb alternation as a starting point, considers to what extent gesture relates to the tool frame and to what extent it relates to the choice of nouns or verbs and accordingly the means of construal afforded by nouns and verbs. It is found that the number of gestures produced and the dominant gesture mode are largely dependent on the tool frame, but some other aspects in gesture do vary depending on the choice of nouns or verbs in speech, and these differences in gesture seem to correlate with the difference between how speakers conceptualize nouns and verbs, as hypothesized in the theory of cognitive grammar: nouns profile THINGS while verbs profile PROCESSES. This finding adds to previous studies about which aspects of grammar relate to gesture and how they do so, thereby furthering our understanding of the integrated nature of speech and gesture.
Using College Football as an Analogy in Teaching College Diversity Courses
Authors: Jones Adam C. , Krupitzer Kelsie , Watts Kiarra , McCrory Gary 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Diversity can be a difficult subject to teach in higher education, especially in settings where exposure to diverse cultures can be limited The use of analogies or metaphor can be particularly useful to provide students with opportunities to think critically about new topics while relating the material to familiar subjects. In this article, we propose the use of an analogy of college football as a way to better integrate diversity topics into college classrooms. The broad appeal of college football on college campuses lends itself as a great platform to discuss otherwise challenging topics such as privilege, racism, sexism, sexuality, and power in the United States. The use of analogies can create a non-confrontational and less defensive environment in college classrooms. We outline the potential use of this analogy with a fictional case study in a university setting. Potential benefits and limitations of the approach are discussed.
Photonic bands, superchirality, and inverse design of a chiral minimal metasurface
Authors: Zanotto Simone , Mazzamuto Giacomo , Riboli Francesco , Biasiol Giorgio , La Rocca Giuseppe C. , Tredicucci Alessandro , Pitanti Alessandro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Photonic band structures are a typical fingerprint of periodic optical structures, and are usually observed in spectroscopic quantities such as transmission, reflection, and absorption. Here we show that the chiro-optical response of a metasurface constituted by a lattice of non-centrosymmetric, L-shaped holes in a dielectric slab shows a band structure, where intrinsic and extrinsic chirality effects are clearly recognized and connected to localized and delocalized resonances. Superchiral near-fields can be excited in correspondence to these resonances, and anomalous behaviors as a function of the incidence polarization occur. Moreover, we have introduced a singular value decomposition (SVD) approach to show that the above mentioned effects are connected to specific fingerprints of the SVD spectra. Finally, by means of an inverse design technique we have demonstrated that the metasurface based on an L-shaped hole array is a minimal one. Indeed, its unit cell geometry depends on the smallest number of parameters needed to implement arbitrary transmission matrices compliant with the general symmetries for 2d-chiral structures. These observations enable more powerful wave operations in a lossless photonic environment.
Grating-assisted coupling enhancing plasmonic tip nanofocusing illuminated via radial vector beam
Authors: Lu Fanfan , Zhang Wending , Zhang Jiachen , Liu Min , Zhang Lu , Xue Tianyang , Meng Chao , Gao Feng , Mei Ting , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a very useful method to achieve label-free and super-resolution imaging, and the plasmonic tip nanofocusing plays a decisive role for TERS performance. Here, we present a method to enhance the nanofocusing characteristic of a plasmonic tip integrated in a grating near the tip apex. Simulation results show that the grating near the tip apex can significantly improve the electric field intensity of the nanofocusing field compared with a conventional bare tip, under axial excitation of a tightly focused radial vector beam. The electric field enhancement characteristic is quantified in relation with the groove number of grating, excitation wavelength, period of grating, and numerical aperture of the micro-objective (MO). These simulation results could be a good reference to fabricate a plasmonic tip for TERS applications, which is an effective way to promote the development of tip-enhanced near-field optical microscopy.
Greatly amplified spontaneous emission of colloidal quantum dots mediated by a dielectric-plasmonic hybrid nanoantenna
Authors: Yang Guoce , Niu Yijie , Wei Hong , Bai Benfeng , Sun Hong-Bo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Optical nanoantennas can efficiently harvest electromagnetic energy from nanoscale space and boost the local radiation to the far field. The dielectric-metal nanogap is a novel design that can help to overcome the core issue of optical loss in all-metal nanostructures while enabling photon density of states larger than that in all-dielectric counterparts. This article reports that a crystalline spherical silicon nanoparticle on metal film (SiNPoM) nanoantenna can largely enhance the spontaneous emission intensity of quantum dots by an area-normalized factor of 69 and the decay rate by 42-fold compared with quantum dots on glass. A high total quantum efficiency of over 80%, including ~20% for far-field radiation and ~60% for surface plasmon polaritons, is obtained in simulation. Thanks to not only the low optical loss in dielectric nanoparticles but also the appropriate gap thickness which weakens the non-radiative decay due to the quenching from metal. Mie resonant modes additionally provide the flexible control of far-field emission patterns. Such a simple optical nanoantenna can be combined with various nanoscale optical emitters and easily extended to form large area metasurfaces functioning as active regions in light-emitting devices in applications such as advanced display, wireless optical communication, and quantum technology.
Postoperative paralytic ileus after cytoreductive surgery combined with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Nors Jesper , Funder Jonas Amstrup , Swain David Richard , Verwaal Victor Jilbert , Cecil Tom , Laurberg Søren , Moran Brendan John 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with peritoneal malignancy treated by cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are prone to develop postoperative paralytic ileus (POI). POI is associated with significant increase in both morbidity and mortality. CRS and HIPEC commonly result in prolonged POI (PPOI). The objective was to clarify the extent of PPOI in patients treated by CRS and HIPEC for peritoneal malignancy.MethodsThis was a prospective multicenter study including patients operated with CRS and HIPEC at the Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark and the Peritoneal Malignancy Institute, Basingstoke, United Kingdom. A total of 85 patients were included over 5 months. Patients prospectively reported parameters of postoperative gastrointestinal function in a diary from post-operative day 1 (POD1) until discharge. PPOI was defined as first defecation on POD6 or later.ResultsMedian time to first flatus passage was 4 days (range 1–12). Median time to first defecation was 6 days (1–14). Median time to removal of nasojejunal tube was 4 days (3–13) and 7 days (1–43) for nasogastric tube. Forty-six patients (54%) developed PPOI. Patients with PPOI had longer time to first flatus (p<0.0001) and longer time to removal of nasojejunal tube (p=0.001). Duration of surgery correlated to time to first flatus (p=0.015) and time to removal of nasogastric or nasojejunal tube (p<0.0001) but not to time to first defecation (p=0.321).ConclusionsPostoperative gastrointestinal paralysis remains a common and serious problem in patients treated with CRS and HIPEC.