bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Serum Levels of SeP (Selenoprotein P) in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Kikuchi Nobuhiro , Satoh Kimio , Satoh Taijyu , Yaoita Nobuhiro , Siddique Mohammad Abdul Hai , Omura Junichi , Kurosawa Ryo , Nogi Masamichi , Sunamura Shinichiro , Miyata Satoshi , Misu Hirofumi , Saito Yoshiro , Shimokawa Hiroaki 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
Despite the recent progress in upfront combination therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), useful biomarkers for the disorder still remain to be developed. SeP (Selenoprotein P) is a glycoprotein secreted from various kinds of cells including pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells to maintain cellular metabolism. We have recently demonstrated that SeP production from pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells is upregulated and plays crucial roles in the pathogenesis of PAH. However, it remains to be elucidated whether serum SeP levels could be a useful biomarker for PAH.

Approach and Results:

We measured serum SeP levels and evaluated their prognostic impacts in 65 consecutive patients with PAH and 20 controls during follow-up (mean, 1520 days; interquartile range, 1393–1804 days). Serum SeP levels were measured using a newly developed sol particle homogeneous immunoassay. The patients with PAH showed significantly higher serum SeP levels compared with controls. Higher SeP levels (cutoff point, 3.47 mg/L) were associated with the outcome (composite end point of all-cause death and lung transplantation) in patients with PAH (hazard ratio, 4.85 [1.42–16.6];
P
<0.01). Importantly, we found that the absolute change in SeP of patients with PAH (ΔSeP) in response to the initiation of PAH-specific therapy significantly correlated with the absolute change in mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance (ΔPVR), and cardiac index (ΔCI;
R
=0.78, 0.76, and −0.71 respectively, all
P
<0.0001). Moreover, increase in ΔSeP during the follow-up predicted poor outcome of PAH.

Conclusions:
Serum SeP is a novel biomarker for diagnosis and assessment of treatment efficacy and long-term prognosis in patients with PAH.
Association Between Neighborhood Walkability and Predicted 10‐Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The CANHEART (Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team) Cohort
Authors: Howell Nicholas A. , Tu Jack V. , Moineddin Rahim , Chu Anna , Booth Gillian L. 
Published: October 2019

Background
Individuals living in unwalkable neighborhoods appear to be less physically active and more likely to develop obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. It is unclear whether neighborhood walkability is a risk factor for future cardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results

We studied residents living in major urban centers in Ontario, Canada on January 1, 2008, using linked electronic medical record and administrative health data from the
CANHEART
(Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team) cohort. Walkability was assessed using a validated index based on population and residential density, street connectivity, and the number of walkable destinations in each neighborhood, divided into quintiles (Q). The primary outcome was a predicted 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk of ≥7.5% (recommended threshold for statin use) assessed by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort Equation. Adjusted associations were estimated using logistic regression models. Secondary outcomes included measured systolic blood pressure, total and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, prior diabetes mellitus diagnosis, and current smoking status. In total, 44 448 individuals were included in our analyses. Fully adjusted analyses found a nonlinear relationship between walkability and predicted 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk (least [Q1] versus most [Q5] walkable neighborhood: odds ratio =1.09, 95%
CI
: 0.98, 1.22), with the greatest difference between Q3 and Q5 (odds ratio=1.33, 95%
CI
: 1.23, 1.45). Dose–response associations were observed for systolic blood pressure, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus risk, while an inverse association was observed with smoking status.

Conclusions
In our setting, adults living in less walkable neighborhoods had a higher predicted 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk than those living in highly walkable areas.
Comparison Between Perfusion- and Collateral-Based Triage for Endovascular Thrombectomy in a Late Time Window
Authors: Kim Byungjun , Jung Cheolkyu , Nam Hyo Suk , Kim Byung Moon , Kim Young Dae , Heo Ji Hoe , Kim Dong Joon , Kim Jun-Hwee , Han Kyunghwa , Kim Jae Hyoung , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
Perfusion-based triage has proven to be effective and safe for selecting patients who are likely to benefit from endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in a late time window. We investigated collateral-based triage for EVT in patients presenting beyond 6 hours, in terms of interrater reliability and efficacy in predicting clinical outcome, in comparison to perfusion-based triage.

Methods—
One hundred and thirty-two patients who underwent both computed tomographic angiography and computed tomography perfusion for anterior circulation large artery occlusion 6 to 24 hours after last seen well were enrolled. Patients were classified into EVT-eligible and EVT-ineligible groups according to perfusion- and collateral-based triages. We evaluated the interrater reliability of collateral-based triage and differences in good outcome rates of patients who received EVT in the EVT-eligible groups based on perfusion- and collateral-based triages.

Results—

Both computed tomographic angiography and computed tomography perfusion were assessable in 93 patients. Seventy-six patients were eligible for EVT according to perfusion-based triage. Among them, EVT was performed in 58, of whom 32 (55.1%) had good outcome. Sixty-nine patients were eligible for EVT based on collateral-based triage. Among them, EVT was performed in 50 patients, of whom 31 (62.0%) had good outcome. Interrater reliability of collateral-based triage was good (generalized κ=0.73 [95% CI, 0.59–0.84]). Agreement on EVT eligibility between perfusion- and collateral-based triages was moderate (κ=0.41 [95% CI, 0.16–0.61]). There was no difference in good outcome rates of patients who underwent EVT in the EVT-eligible groups based on perfusion- and collateral-based triages (55.1% versus 62.0%;
P
=0.0675).

Conclusions—
Collateral-based triage showed good interrater reliability and comparable efficacy to that of perfusion-based triage in predicting clinical outcome after EVT in patients presenting beyond 6 hours. Collateral-based triage is a reliable approach for selecting patients for EVT in the extended therapeutic time window.
The Septuagint as a Hellenistic Greek Text
Authors: Wright Benjamin G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs a response to the tradition of scholarship that focused on questions of LXX origins, translation techniques and textual criticism, this article looks at how the LXX translations in antiquity were already in certain respects marked as Greek texts at their production, constructed as Greek literary texts in their origins, and subsequently employed in the same ways as compositional Greek texts by those who engaged them. It shows how the author of Aristeas constructs the LXX as a Greek text, how it functioned as such for Aristobulos and Philo. Already the translators demonstrate in their use of poetic language that they could produce literary Greek. Subsequently, Jewish Hellenistic authors employed the LXX alongside other Greek texts, and treated it with the methods of Hellenistic scholarship.
Brexit as Trade Governance
Authors: Smith Fiona 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Following the 2016 referendum on its continued membership of the European Union (EU), the United Kingdom (UK) is now withdrawing from, and negotiating a new relationship with, the EU. Both the UK’s exit and future relationship with the EU must conform to World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. The WTO’s rules are only partial and were not designed to facilitate a state’s withdrawal from a regional trade agreement, the contraction of an area of liberalized trade, nor the (re)emergence of ‘protectionist’ trade barriers. The EU and UK must transcend this problem by creating legally binding rules in an otherwise vacant legal space. Yet Brexit is a shock to the WTO’s rules and ethos: diplomatic negotiation is augmenting and replacing regulation in ways that affect the WTO, and the bilateral and multilateral agreements to which the EU and UK are both parties. This shock is a fundamental change to the prevailing trade orthodoxy.
Towards Developmental Integration, Safeguards and Beyond: The Main Features of South Africa’s Preferential Trade Agreements
Authors: Sucker Franziska 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a plethora of new plurilateral treaties, two different economic governance models emerge. One is market driven and aims for closer governmental coordination (the coordination model); the other retains a considerably higher degree of regulatory autonomy (the autonomy model). This article demonstrates that South Africa resorts to both of these models when concluding preferential trade agreements. Most notably, South Africa’s policy focus is shifting to a developmental integration approach that combines market integration with greater emphasis on industrial and infrastructure development and diversification, and associated distributional concerns. This phenomenon becomes most apparent through the inclusion of elements of variable geometry, acknowledging the differences in the level of development among the parties, and closer regulatory cooperation in areas beyond trade and trade facilitation. Additionally, South Africa has included safeguard provisions, public policy exceptions, World Trade Organization (WTO)-plus standards and, in various areas, imported rules developed outside the WTO framework.
<p><strong><em>Nepenthes erucoides </em></strong><strong>(Nepenthaceae), an ultramaficolous micro-endemic from Dinagat Islands Province, northern Mindanao, Philippines</strong></p>
Authors: ROBINSON ALASTAIR S. , ZAMUDIO SARAH GRACE , CABALLERO ROLLY BALAGON 
Published: October 2019

A new species of Nepenthes—N. erucoides—is described and illustrated from a single ultramafic peak in the Dinagat Islands Province of northeastern Mindanao. It is a distinctive component of a relatively low-elevation, highly biodiverse montane elfin forest that has evolved in association with a particularly thin and extremely hostile substrate. Plant habit, and leaf, inflorescence, indumentum and peristome-column morphology appear superficially similar to those of the ultramaficolous montane species of Palawan, implicating an environmental basis for a syndrome of shared characteristics.
Condensational and Collisional Growth of Cloud Droplets in a Turbulent Environment
Authors: Li Xiang-Yu , Brandenburg Axel , Svensson Gunilla , Haugen Nils E. L. , Mehlig Bernhard , Rogachevskii Igor 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigate the effect of turbulence on the combined condensational and collisional growth of cloud droplets by means of high-resolution direct numerical simulations of turbulence and a superparticle approximation for droplet dynamics and collisions. The droplets are subject to turbulence as well as gravity, and their collision and coalescence efficiencies are taken to be unity. We solve the thermodynamic equations governing temperature, water vapor mixing ratio, and the resulting supersaturation fields together with the Navier–Stokes equation. We find that the droplet size distribution broadens with increasing Reynolds number and/or mean energy dissipation rate. Turbulence affects the condensational growth directly through supersaturation fluctuations, and it influences collisional growth indirectly through condensation. Our simulations show for the first time that, in the absence of the mean updraft cooling, supersaturation-fluctuation-induced broadening of droplet size distributions enhances the collisional growth. This is contrary to classical (nonturbulent) condensational growth, which leads to a growing mean droplet size, but a narrower droplet size distribution. Our findings, instead, show that condensational growth facilitates collisional growth by broadening the size distribution in the tails at an early stage of rain formation. With increasing Reynolds numbers, evaporation becomes stronger. This counteracts the broadening effect due to condensation at late stages of rain formation. Our conclusions are consistent with results of laboratory experiments and field observations, and show that supersaturation fluctuations are important for precipitation.
Southern Ocean Wind Stress in CMIP5 Models: Role of Wind Fluctuations
Authors: Lin Xia , Zhai Xiaoming , Wang Zhaomin , Munday David R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Southern Ocean (SO) surface wind stress is a major atmospheric forcing for driving the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the global overturning circulation. Here the effects of wind fluctuations at different time scales on SO wind stress in 18 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are investigated. It is found that including wind fluctuations, especially on time scales associated with synoptic storms, in the stress calculation strongly enhances the mean strength, modulates the seasonal cycle, and significantly amplifies the trends of SO wind stress. In 11 out of the 18 CMIP5 models, the SO wind stress has strengthened significantly over the period of 1960–2005. Among them, the strengthening trend of SO wind stress in one CMIP5 model is due to the increase in the intensity of wind fluctuations, while in all the other 10 models the strengthening trend is due to the increasing strength of the mean westerly wind. These discrepancies in SO wind stress trend in CMIP5 models may explain some of the diverging behaviors in the model-simulated SO circulation. Our results suggest that to reduce the uncertainty in SO responses to wind stress changes in the coupled models, both the mean wind and wind fluctuations need to be better simulated.
Ego Depletion May Explain Gender Differences in Multitasking
Authors: Da Silva Sergio , Matsushita Raul , Ludwig Rafaela , Bellincanta Luiggi 
Published: October 2019

We replicate the finding that females perform better than males in the task switching type of multitasking. We also find that multitasking impairs cognitive reflection through ego depletion, regardless of gender. However, the cognitive reflection of males is relatively more weakened after multitasking. This suggests that ego depletion may be an interesting candidate mechanism to explain gender differences in multitasking performance. JEL: D03, C91, M5
Evaluation of the anti-conflict, reinforcing, and sedative effects of YT-III-31, a ligand functionally selective for α3 subunit-containing GABAA receptors
Authors: Meng Zhiqiang , Berro Lais F , Sawyer Eileen K , Rüedi-Bettschen Daniela , Cook Jemma E , Li Guanguan , Platt Donna M , Cook James M , Rowlett James K 
Published: October 2019

Background: In recent years, pharmacological strategies have implicated α3 subunit-containing GABAA (α3GABAA) receptor subtypes in the anxiety-reducing effects of benzodiazepines, whereas transgenic mouse approaches have implicated α2 or α5 subunit-containing GABAA receptors. Aims: We investigated the role of α3GABAA subtypes in benzodiazepine-induced behaviors by evaluating the anti-conflict, reinforcing, and sedative-motor effects of the novel compound YT-III-31, which has functional selectivity for α3GABAA receptors. Methods: Female and male rhesus monkeys were trained under a conflict procedure ( n = 3), and a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement with midazolam as the training drug ( n = 4). Sedative-like behavior was assessed using a quantitative behavioral observation procedure ( n = 4). A range of doses of YT-III-31 was administered in all tests using the i.v. route of administration. Results: In the conflict procedure, increasing doses of YT-III-31 resulted only in dose-dependent attenuation of non-suppressed responding. In the progressive-ratio model of self-administration, YT-III-31 maintained average injections/session above vehicle levels at 0.1 and 0.18 mg/kg/injection. In quantitative observation procedures, YT-III-31 engendered mild sedative effects (“rest/sleep posture”), and deep sedation at the highest dose tested (5.6 mg/kg, i.v.), along with a suppression of tactile/oral exploration and increased observable ataxia. In contrast to other benzodiazepine-like ligands, YT-III-31 uniquely engendered a biphasic dose-response function for locomotion and suppressed self-groom. Conclusions: The finding that YT-III-31 lacked anti-conflict properties is in accordance with transgenic mouse research indicating no role for α3GABAA subtypes in benzodiazepine-mediated anxiety reduction. Instead, our results raise the possibility of a role for α3GABAA receptors in the abuse potential and sedative effects of benzodiazepine-type drugs.
Lithium-associated hypothyroidism and potential for reversibility after lithium discontinuation: Findings from the LiSIE retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lieber Ingrid , Ott Michael , Öhlund Louise , Lundqvist Robert , Eliasson Mats , Sandlund Mikael , Werneke Ursula 
Published: October 2019

Background: The association between lithium and thyroid dysfunction has long been known. However, it remains unknown if lithium-associated hypothyroidism is reversible once lithium treatment has been stopped. Aims: To determine whether lithium-associated hypothyroidism was reversible in patients who subsequently discontinued lithium. Methods: A retrospective cohort study in the Swedish region of Norrbotten into the effects and side- effects of lithium treatment and other drugs for relapse prevention (Lithium – Study into Effects and Side Effects). For this particular study, we reviewed medical records between 1997 and 2015 of patients with lithium-associated hypothyroidism who had discontinued lithium. Results: Of 1340 patients screened, 90 were included. Of these, 27% had overt hypothyroidism at the start of thyroid replacement therapy. The mean delay from starting lithium to starting thyroid replacement therapy was 2.3 years (SD 4.7). In total, 50% of patients received thyroid replacement therapy within 10 months of starting lithium. Of 85 patients available for follow-up, 41% stopped thyroid replacement therapy after lithium discontinuation. Only six patients reinstated thyroid replacement therapy subsequently. Of these, only one had overt hypothyroidism. Conclusions: Lithium-associated hypothyroidism seems reversible in most patients once lithium has been discontinued. In such cases, thyroid replacement therapy discontinuation could be attempted much more often than currently done. Based on the limited evidence of our study, we can expect hypothyroidism to recur early after thyroid replacement therapy discontinuation, if at all.
Clinical research on individualized hemodialysis preventing unconventional hypotension in diabetic nephropathy patient
Authors: Li Wen-Hong , Yin Yu-Min , Chen Hao , Rui Zhang-Ru , Yuan Yang , Yun He , Wang Jin-Wen 
Published: October 2019

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of individualized hemodialysis for unconventional hypotension in diabetic nephropathy patients. Methods: A total of 60 patients were selected and randomly divided into study group and control group. The control group used the standard dialysis model, while the study group used the individualized hemodialysis scheme, in which the dialysis was performed using an individualized dialysis machine temperature control, pattern of natrium, and pattern of step ultrafiltration in combination with dialysate-containing glucose. Results: The total occurrence rate of hypotension, dry weight standard-reaching rate, and blood quality during and after dialysis in the study group were superior to those in the control group ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, the symptom scores in the study group (dizziness score, chest distress score, sweating score, muscle spasm score, gastrointestinal symptom score, and temporary mind change score) were lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). The serum sodium, potassium, and chloride concentration in these two groups after dialysis was not statistically different ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: The combined application of low temperature, pattern of natrium, pattern of step ultrafiltration, and dialysate-containing glucose individualization is safe and effective for preventing and controlling the occurrence of intradialytic hypotension (IDH), improve symptoms, and improve the dry weight standard-reaching rate.
Applying the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behaviour Model (COM-B) to Guide the Development of Interventions to Improve Early Detection of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Jatau Abubakar Ibrahim , Peterson Gregory M , Bereznicki Luke , Dwan Corinna , Black J Andrew , Bezabhe Woldesellassie M , Wimmer Barbara C 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to use the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model to identify potential strategies aimed at improving the early detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the general population. Methods: We undertook a review of the literature to identify factors associated with participation in community-based screening for AF, followed by mapping of the factors generated into the components of the COM-B model, and validation of the model by an expert panel. The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) was used to nominate potential intervention strategies and steps to guide the design and implementation of community-based screening for AF. Results: A total of 28 factors from 21 studies were mapped into the COM-B model. Based on the BCW approach, 24 intervention strategies and 7 steps that could guide the design and implementation of community-based screening for AF were recommended. Conclusion: The application of the COM-B model demonstrated how factors influencing the participation of individuals with undiagnosed AF in community-based screening could be identified. The model could also serve as a guide for the design and implementation of interventions for improving AF detection in the general population.