bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Influence of Silicon Carbide Phase and Chemical Composition on its Recovery
Authors: Boldyrev D A , Popova L I , Tokarev A A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
When employing the cast iron manufacturing technology involving the use of silicon carbide, it was discovered that recovery of silicon carbide and that of its individual elements, viz., carbon and silicon varied. Based on the results obtained from a diffraction analysis and electron microscope investigation with electron microprobe analysis, the genuine structural and chemical features of industrial-grade silicon carbide were described. The phase composition of silicon carbide is inhomogeneous and consists of particles of the a-SiC crystalline silicon carbide and oxidized non-crystalline silicon carbide whose basis is a solid solution “carbon-silicon”. Recovery of silicon carbide by molten cast iron determined by the increase in the contents of carbon and silicon during the melting process is inversely on the content of the a-SiC phase.
Acoustic Methods for Testing Gas Turbine Engine Blades
Authors: Trofimov V N , Pyankov I N , Pyankov V A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper the application technology of the ultrasonic testing method in the process of the PS-90A aircraft engine manufacturing is considered. It is known that the development and implementation of monocrystalline turbine blades for aircraft gas turbine engines are aimed at ensuring the material effectiveness or increasing the blade service life in comparison with polycrystalline blades. It is achieved at the cost of the increased long-term material strength in the same temperature range. Based on the results of the process and metallographic studies analysis, it has been established that during the structure formation under the internal stress action, hot crystallization cracks with an opening from 3 to 8 μm or more and a length of 3 to 35 mm along the grain boundaries can appear. Grains formation in most blades happens with their subsequent exit to the lock end, a bridge. The formation of hot cracks most likely occurs at a large grain disorientation angle (more than 25°). Grain boundaries on blades with hot crystallization cracks are located, as a rule, on the bridge at the junction of the blade root with the blade shank (“bottleneck”) with orientation along the blade axis. The method of contact laser-ultrasonic flaw detection (CLUFD) was tested on blades in the region of bridges using both pilot samples and standard parts in order to solve an urgent production and technical problem, that is timely detection of hot crystallization cracks in rotating turbine engine blades at the manufacturing stage. The use of the phased antenna array technology (PAR) in combination with a portable X-32 flaw detector represents a new level of blade ultrasonic testing. The flaw detector operates in a wide frequency range, which allows solving a very large range of various ultrasonic testing problems. The advantages and possibilities of the PAR technology with the portable X-32 flaw detector can be considered on the example of the turbine blade lock testing. S-scan (sector-scan) makes it possible to interpret the received signals quickly and easily.
Features of Design of Chill Molds for Casting of Non-Ferrous Metal
Authors: Gavariev R V , Gavarieva K N , Soldatkina E N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article discusses methods for calculating the main parameters of the chill mold in the design process. Formulas for calculating the thickness of the working wall, as well as recommendations for choosing the material of the chill mold, depending on the size and shape of the resulting castings, are specified. Disadvantages of existing methods for calculating the chill mold parameters are indicated. Solutions for the use of multi-layer coatings applied by physical vapor deposition on the forming surface of the chill mold are proposed, which increases the efficiency of the casting process in the chill mold, regardless of the shape of the casting and the design of the chill mold.
Manufacture of Ceramic Molds and Cores from Inorganic Materials Using Permanent
Authors: Znamenskii L G , Ivochkina O V , Stepanova T V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the technology for the manufacture of ceramic molds and cores from inorganic materials using permanent masters. A technique for reinforcing molds and cores using ceramic tubes is proposed. The effect of pulse currents of different power on the slurry has been studied. In the experimental part, the performed experiments and the data obtained are described. In contrast to the conventional Show-process based on ethyl silicate binder (basic option), the technology developed for the manufacture of ceramic molds from inorganic materials ensures improving the quality and economic and environmental efficiency of investment castings. The quality improvement is determined by improved physical and mechanical characteristics of ceramic molds and the stable ceramic cracking. The improvement in environmental indicators is ensured by using safe inorganic molding materials and eliminating the solvent burning. Improving economic indicators is determined by reducing power consumption for calcining ceramic molds, casting defects, and molding material costs. Thus, the technology developed allows improving the quality of investment castings manufactured for the country’s oil and gas complex.
Statistical Regression Analysis of Breakages in Cold Rolling
Authors: Belskiy S M , Shopin I I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The maximum probability of strip’s breakage during the cold rolling is observed when the values of edge wedge are greater than 150 microns and the saddle coefficient is less than -0.075 and greater than 0.050. It is also shown that there is a pronounced synergistic effect of influence of combination of the saddle coefficient and the edge wedge on the breakage of the strip. When the edge wedge is reduced below 50 microns, the saddle coefficient ceases to affect the breakage of the strip during the cold rolling. At the same time, when the edge wedge is higher than 160 microns, the breakage is minimal with the saddle coefficient in the range from 0 to 0.025.
Improvement of the Device for Continuous Pressing of Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys and Computer Simulation of the Deformation Process in This Device
Authors: Lezhnev S , Naizabekov A , Panin E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new design of the device for continuous pressing is proposed, which combines the principles of the ECAP and Linex processes. To assess the possibility of the process and the efficiency of metal processing, computer modeling was performed. It is found that the greatest load is received by the mobile segments that ensure the movement of metal through the matrix. The distribution of stress-strain state parameters in the longitudinal section of the workpiece is extremely uneven, which is due to the transverse action of the pulling force. In the first two channels, due to a backpressure the compressive stresses occur. In the output channel, the metal experiences tensile stresses.
The Model for Predicting the Radius of Curvature of the Neck Forming on Cylindrical Specimens during Tensile Testing
Authors: Erpalov M V , Pavlov D A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the testing of cylindrical specimens for tension. The main tendency of tensile tests is the improvement of methods for determining equivalent stresses acting in specimens while deformation localizes in the neck, i.e. methods for determining the hardening curves of materials up to the fracture. The most reliable way to study the rheological properties of materials is the direct measurement of the neck profile, namely the determination of the specimen diameter in the minimum cross-section of the neck and the radius of its curvature. However, direct measurements of the neck are associated with certain difficulties. They include a small number of measurements corresponding to different instants of the test, as well as inaccurate determination of the radius of the neck curvature due to the subjective approach to the measurement process. The measurements become more accurate if you use some equation for the analytical description of the neck profile and perform the measurements using optical methods during the test. However, such processing algorithms are often inaccessible to researchers. In this regard, this work proposes a model for predicting the radius of the neck curvature that is formed during tensile testing the cylindrical specimens. This model relies on the volume conservation law and the analytical description of the neck profile using the one-parameter equation. To calculate the radius of the neck curvature at each instant of the test it is necessary to know only the current values of elongation and the minimum specimen diameter. The effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model is evaluated using the computer simulation. The simulation results show that the use of predicted radius of the neck curvature allows calculating the equivalent stresses close to proper ones without the need of the direct neck profile measurement.
Graphene@attapulgite nanohybrid silicone Sol-gel coating toward good corrosion resistance
Authors: Wang Jiancheng , Yan Han , Tian Shu , Pu Jibin , Lu Guangming , Ren Lichun , Liu Zhixiong , Fan Xiaoqiang , Wang Liping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Graphene with shielding effect can improve the corrosion resistance of organic coatings, but its high electrical conductivity intensifies the corrosion of metal substrate due to micro-galvanic effect on the interface of coating and substrate. The regulation of graphene’s conductivity can inhibit the corrosion-promotion effect. Hence, graphene supported attapulgite (GNS-ATP) nanosheets with lower conductivity were successfully prepared by using TEOS as coupling agent, then were introduced into Sol-gel coatings via using gamma methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as precursors. The characterization on corrosion resistance of the hybrid coatings illustrates that a small amount of well-dispersed GNS-ATP nanosheets can significantly enhance the corrosion resistance, mainly depending on the structure and performance characteristics of GNS-ATP nanosheets. Such advantages on reducing porosity and conductivity of hybrid coatings offer a better corrosion resistance.
Magnetic order and competition with superconductivity in (Ho-Er)Ni2B2C
Authors: Gundogdu Suleyman , Clancy J Patrick , Xu Guangyong , Zhao Yang , Dube Paul A , Karalar Tufan C , Cho Beong Ki , Lynn Jeffrey W , Ramazanoglu M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The rare earth magnetic order in pure and doped Ho(1−x)Er
x
Ni2B2C (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1) single crystal samples was investigated using magnetization and neutron diffraction measurements. Superconducting quaternary borocarbides, RNi2B2C where R = Ho, Er , are magnetic intermetallic superconductors with the transition temperatures ∼10 K in which long range magnetic order develops in the same temperature range and competes with superconductivity. Depending on the rare earth composition the coupling between superconductivity and magnetism creates several phases, ranging from a near reentrant superconductor with a mixture of commensurate and incommensurate antiferromagnetism to an incommensurate antiferromagnetic spin modulation with a weak ferromagnetic component. All of these phases coexist with superconductivity. RKKY magnetic interactions are used to describe the magnetic orders in the pure compounds. However, the doping of Er on Ho sites which have two strong magnetic moments with two different easy directions creates new and complicated magnetic modulations with possible local disorder effects. One fascinating effect is the development of an induced magnetic state resembling the pure and doped R
2CuO4 cuprate with R = Nd and Pr.
Modeling process–structure–property relationships in metal additive manufacturing: a review on physics-driven versus data-driven approaches
Authors: Kouraytem Nadia , Li Xuxiao , Tan Wenda , Kappes Branden , Spear Ashley D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Metal additive manufacturing (AM) presents advantages such as increased complexity for a lower part cost and part consolidation compared to traditional manufacturing. The multiscale, multiphase AM processes have been shown to produce parts with non-homogeneous microstructures, leading to variability in the mechanical properties based on complex process–structure–property (p-s-p) relationships. However, the wide range of processing parameters in additive machines presents a challenge in solely experimentally understanding these relationships and calls for the use of digital twins that allow to survey a larger set of parameters using physics-driven methods. Even though physics-driven methods advance the understanding of the p-s-p relationships, they still face challenges of high computing cost and the need for calibration of input parameters. Therefore, data-driven methods have emerged as a new paradigm in the exploration of the p-s-p relationships in metal AM. Data-driven methods are capable of predicting complex phenomena without the need for traditional calibration but also present drawbacks of lack of interpretability and complicated validation. This review article presents a collection of physics- and data-driven methods and examples of their application for understanding the linkages in the p-s-p relationships (in any of the links) in widely used metal AM techniques. The review also contains a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of each type of model, as well as a vision for the future role of both physics-driven and data-driven models in metal AM.
Challenges in laser-assisted milling of titanium alloys
Authors: Dargusch Matthew S , Sivarupan Tharmalingam , Bermingham Michael , Rashid Rizwan Abdul Rahman , Palanisamy Suresh , Sun Shoujin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Several detailed studies have comprehensively investigated the benefits and limitations of laser-assisted machining (LAM) of titanium alloys. These studies have highlighted the positive impact of the application of laser preheating on reducing cutting forces and improving productivity but have also identified the detrimental effect of LAM on tool life. This paper seeks to evaluate a series of the most common cutting tools with different coating types used in the machining of titanium alloys to identify whether coating type has a dramatic effect on the dominant tool wear mechanisms active during the process. The findings provide a clear illustration that the challenges facing the application of LAM are associated with the development of new types of cutting tools which are not subjected to the diffusion-controlled wear processes that dominate the performance of current cutting tools.
Topological analysis of traffic pace via persistent homology*
Authors: Carmody Daniel R , Sowers Richard B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We develop a topological analysis of robust traffic pace patterns using persistent homology. We develop Rips filtrations, parametrized by pace, for a symmetrization of traffic pace along the (naturally) directed edges in a road network. Our symmetrization is inspired by recent work of Turner (2019 Algebr. Geom. Topol.
19 1135–1170). Our goal is to construct barcodes which help identify meaningful pace structures, namely connected components or ‘rings’. We develop a case study of our methods using datasets of Manhattan and Chengdu traffic speeds. In order to cope with the computational complexity of these large datasets, we develop an auxiliary application of the directed Louvain neighborhood-finding algorithm. We implement this as a preprocessing step prior to our main persistent homology analysis in order to coarse-grain small topological structures. We finally compute persistence barcodes on these neighborhoods. The persistence barcodes have a metric structure which allows us to both qualitatively and quantitatively compare traffic networks. As an example of the results, we find robust connected pace structures near Midtown bridges connecting Manhattan to the mainland.
Bio inspired synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its applications to spin – orbit interactions of light
Authors: Prajapati Chandravati , Jolly Anju , Ravulapalli Sathyavathi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Spin–orbit interaction of light serves as an important property of light, which deals with the study of polarization and phase modulations in the light beam. These studies are essential and principal characeristics of light beam that have been used for most of the nanophotonics applications. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) prepared via biosynthesis are used for one of such nanophotonics application in scattering via studying the light scattered through these nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles Ag NPs were synthesized using green method, where reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles happen during the reaction of aqueous solution of Ag NO3 with the biomolecules present in fresh leaf extract of Coleus amboinicus plant. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. TEM analysis shows the wide size distribution of spherical shape nanoparticles with 80 nm average size. The study of polarization and phase changes in the scattered light field has been carried out using Stokes polarimetry in forward direction scattering. Under the preliminary measurements of Polarimetry, the modification in the polarization components was studied by demonstrating changes in the Stokes S2, S3 parameters, polarization orientation (ψ) and ellipticity angle (χ) using transverse magnetic (TM) polarized Gaussian light beam.
Carbon-supported Pd-Ir nanoalloys as cathodic catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Xiao Xingyue , Geng Dejia , Dai Yu , Xia Fan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Pd as cathodic catalyst exhibits relatively low current density in mixing kinetic/diffusion controlled region. To improve catalytic activity of Pd, alloying Pd with another transition metal is an effective approach. Here, we prepared carbon-supported Pd-Ir nanoalloys (Pd-Ir/C) through impregnation method. Four types of Pd-Ir/C were designed and referred as Pd19Ir/C, Pd9Ir/C, Pd3Ir/C, and PdIr/C using nominal Pd/Ir atomic ratios of 19:1, 9:1, 3:1, and 1:1, respectively. The results showed that Pd and Ir formed the nanoalloy structures and Pd-Ir/C exhibited significantly improved catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction than Pd/C, indicating that Ir had important effect on Pd-Ir nanoalloys.
The rachis cannot hold, plants fall apart. A commentary on: ‘The unique disarticulation layer formed in the rachis of Aegilops longissima likely results from the spatial co-expression of Btr1 and Btr2’
Authors: Kellogg Elizabeth A 
Published: November 2020

This article comments on:
Xiaoxue Zeng, Gang Chen, Lei Wang, Akemi Tagiri, Shinji Kikuchi, Hidenori Sassa and Takao Komatsuda, The unique disarticulation layer formed in the rachis of Aegilops longissima probably results from the spatial co-expression of Btr1 and Btr2, Annals of Botany, Volume 127, Issue 3, 16 February 2021, Pages 297–304, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa147
Effect of Platelet-Derived Concentrated Growth Factor on Single-Layer, Multi-Layer, and Crushed Onlay Cartilage Grafts
Authors: Gürsoy Koray , Teymur Hakan , Göktaş Demircan Fethiye Berna , Tanas Işikçi Özlem , Gümüş Murat , Koçer Uğur 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe main concern with utilizing cartilage grafts to achieve structural integrity and volume restoration is the loss of volume over time and their unpredictable viability. Preservation of the volume of cartilage grafts is necessary to ensure their long-term success.ObjectivesThe main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of concentrated growth factor (CGF) sheet on single-layer, multi-layer, and crushed block cartilage grafts.MethodsCartilage grafts obtained from the ears of rabbits were prepared in 3 different forms: single-layer, triple-layer, and crushed. After measuring the weight and thickness of the cartilage grafts, the grafts in the experimental group were wrapped with the prepared autologous CGF. These cartilage grafts were placed in subcutaneous pouches created on the backs of the rabbits. After 4 months, the rabbits were killed. The weight and thickness of the cartilage grafts were measured and the cartilage viability and peripheral changes were examined microscopically.ResultsThe percentage changes in the weights and thicknesses of the single-layer, multi-layer, and crushed cartilage grafts wrapped with CGF were found to be statistically significantly lower than in the control group. When the cartilage viability and changes in peripheral tissue were evaluated, CGF-wrapped cartilage groups did not achieve statistically significantly better scores than the untreated control groups.ConclusionsIn cases planned to receive a block cartilage graft, especially if graft resorption is not desired or should be minimized, wrapping the graft with autologous CGF is a feasible option.
Emerging roles of RNA modifications in genome integrity
Authors: Lee Seo Yun , Kim Jae Jin , Miller Kyle M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Post-translational modifications of proteins are well-established participants in DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, which function in the maintenance of genome integrity. Emerging evidence is starting to reveal the involvement of modifications on RNA in the DDR. RNA modifications are known regulators of gene expression but how and if they participate in DNA repair and genome maintenance has been poorly understood. Here, we review several studies that have now established RNA modifications as key components of DNA damage responses. RNA modifying enzymes and the binding proteins that recognize these modifications localize to and participate in the repair of UV-induced and DNA double-strand break lesions. RNA modifications have a profound effect on DNA–RNA hybrids (R-loops) at DNA damage sites, a structure known to be involved in DNA repair and genome stability. Given the importance of the DDR in suppressing mutations and human diseases such as neurodegeneration, immunodeficiencies, cancer and aging, RNA modification pathways may be involved in human diseases not solely through their roles in gene expression but also by their ability to impact DNA repair and genome stability.
Structural bioinformatics enhances mechanistic interpretation of genomic variation, demonstrated through the analyses of 935 distinct RAS family mutations
Authors: Tripathi Swarnendu , Dsouza Nikita R , Urrutia Raul , Zimmermann Michael T 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMotivationProtein-coding genetic alterations are frequently observed in Clinical Genetics, but the high yield of variants of uncertain significance remains a limitation in decision making. RAS-family GTPases are cancer drivers, but only 54 variants, across all family members, fall within well-known hotspots. However, extensive sequencing has identified 881 non-hotspot variants for which significance remains to be investigated.ResultsHere, we evaluate 935 missense variants from seven RAS genes, observed in cancer, RASopathies and the healthy adult population. We characterized hotspot variants, previously studied experimentally, using 63 sequence- and 3D structure-based scores, chosen by their breadth of biophysical properties. Applying scores that display best correlation with experimental measures, we report new valuable mechanistic inferences for both hot-spot and non-hotspot variants. Moreover, we demonstrate that 3D scores have little-to-no correlation with those based on DNA sequence, which are commonly used in Clinical Genetics. Thus, combined, these new knowledge bear significant relevance.Availability and implementationAll genomic and 3D scores, and markdown for generating figures, are provided in our supplemental data.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.