bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximum emergency department overcrowding is correlated with occurrence of unexpected cardiac arrest
Authors: Kim June-sung , Bae Hyun-Jin , Sohn Chang Hwan , Cho Sung-Eun , Hwang Jeongeun , Kim Won Young , Kim Namkug , Seo Dong-Woo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Emergency department overcrowding negatively impacts critically ill patients and could lead to the occurrence of cardiac arrest. However, the association between emergency department crowding and the occurrence of in-hospital cardiac arrest has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between emergency department occupancy rates and the incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods
A single-center, observational, registry-based cohort study was performed including all consecutive adult, non-traumatic in-hospital cardiac arrest patients between January 2014 and June 2017. We used emergency department occupancy rates as a crowding index at the time of presentation of cardiac arrest and at the time of maximum crowding, and the average crowding rate for the duration of emergency department stay for each patient. To calculate incidence rate, we divided the number of arrest cases for each emergency department occupancy period by accumulated time. The primary outcome is the association between the incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest and emergency department occupancy rates.

Results
During the study period, 629 adult, non-traumatic cardiac arrest patients were enrolled in our registry. Among these, 187 patients experienced in-hospital cardiac arrest. Overall survival discharge rate was 24.6%, and 20.3% of patients showed favorable neurologic outcomes at discharge. Emergency department occupancy rates were positively correlated with in-hospital cardiac arrest occurrence. Moreover, maximum emergency department occupancy in the critical zone had the strongest positive correlation with in-hospital cardiac arrest occurrence (Spearman rank correlation ρ = 1.0, P < .01). Meanwhile, occupancy rates were not associated with the ED mortality.

Conclusion
Maximum emergency department occupancy was strongly associated with in-hospital cardiac arrest occurrence. Adequate monitoring and managing the maximum occupancy rate would be important to reduce unexpected cardiac arrest.
Application of a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay and pilot field testing for Giardia duodenalis at Lake Albert, Uganda
Authors: Molina-Gonzalez Sandra J. , Bhattacharyya Tapan , AlShehri Hajri R. , Poulton Kate , Allen Stephen , Miles Michael A. , Arianitwe Moses , Tukahebwa Edridah M. , Webster Bonnie , Russell Stothard J. , Bustinduy Amaya L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Giardia duodenalis is a gastrointestinal protozoan causing 184 million cases of giardiasis worldwide annually. Detection is by microscopy or coproantigen assays, although sensitivity is often compromised by intermittent shedding of cysts or trophozoites, or operator expertise. Therefore, for enhanced surveillance field-applicable, point-of-care (POC), molecular assays are needed. Our aims were to: (i) optimise the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay for the isothermal amplification of the G. duodenalis β-giardin gene from trophozoites and cysts, using published primer and probes; and (ii) perform a pilot field validation of RPA at a field station in a resource-poor setting, on DNA extracted from stool samples from schoolchildren in villages around Lake Albert, Uganda. Results were compared to an established laboratory small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rDNA) qPCR assay with additional testing using a qPCR targeting the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) DNA regions that can distinguish G. duodenalis of two different assemblages (A and B), which are human-specific.

Results
Initial optimisation resulted in the successful amplification of predicted RPA products from G. duodenalis-purified gDNA, producing a double-labelled amplicon detected using lateral flow strips. In the field setting, of 129 stool samples, 49 (37.9%) were positive using the Giardia/Cryptosporidium QuikChek coproantigen test; however, the RPA assay when conducted in the field was positive for a single stool sample. Subsequent molecular screening in the laboratory on a subset (n = 73) of the samples demonstrated better results with 21 (28.8%) RPA positive. The SSU rDNA qPCR assay resulted in 30/129 (23.3%) positive samples; 18 out of 73 (24.7%) were assemblage typed (9 assemblage A; 5 assemblage B; and 4 mixed A+B). Compared with the SSU rDNA qPCR, QuikChek was more sensitive than RPA (85.7 vs 61.9%), but with similar specificities (80.8 vs 84.6%). In comparison to QuikChek, RPA had 46.4% sensitivity and 82.2% specificity.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-field and comparative laboratory validation of RPA for giardiasis in low resource settings. Further refinement and technology transfer, specifically in relation to stool sample preparation, will be needed to implement this assay in the field, which could assist better detection of asymptomatic Giardia infections.
Generalization of Szász–Mirakjan–Kantorovich operators using multiple Appell polynomials
Authors: Swarup Chetan , Gupta Pooja , Dubey Ramu , Mishra Vishnu Narayan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the present paper is to introduce and study a sequence of positive linear operators defined on suitable spaces of measurable functions on $[0,\infty )$[0,∞) and continuous function spaces with polynomial weights. These operators are Kantorovich type generalization of Jakimovski–Leviatan operators based on multiple Appell polynomials. Using these operators, we approximate suitable measurable functions by knowing their mean values on a sequence of subintervals of $[0,\infty )$[0,∞) that do not constitute a subdivision of it. We also discuss the rate of convergence of these operators using moduli of smoothness.
The measure of socio-economic status in PISA: a review and some suggested improvements
Authors: Avvisati Francesco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article reviews the history of the measure of socio-economic status in PISA and identifies theoretical underpinnings of the index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS). It then highlights multiple changes in the instruments and scaling methods used by PISA over time, and suggests ways of resolving the tensions behind some of these changes and thereby stabilise the measure of ESCS. A stable definition and operational procedure to derive the ESCS index appears essential to compare the ESCS-achievement relationship over time. Some of the suggestions included in this article were already implemented in the 2018 cycle.
Investigation of mechanical properties and surface roughness of friction stir welded AA6061-T651
Authors: Bhushan Rajesh Kumar , Sharma Deepak 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFriction stir welding (FSW) of 6-mm-thick plates of AA6061-T651 was carried out using a simple cylindrical pin tool. The impact of welding factors (rotational speed, welding speed) on tensile properties, microhardness, and surface roughness of FSW joints was investigated. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength, and % elongation of AA6061-T651 base plate as well as FSW joints were found out using a universal testing machine (UTM). Maximum value of UTS and yield strength were achieved at rotational speed of 1400 rpm and welding speed of 20 mm/min. Minimum surface roughness was reached at rotational speeds of 1400 rpm and welding speed of 20 mm/min. Microstructural evolutions in the friction stir welded (FSWed) joint and microhardness profile were also determined. Maximum hardness of HV 120 was acquired for the stir zone (SZ). Hence, attainment of the maximum tensile strength, microhardness, and minimum surface roughness during FSW is a desired method to improve the service life and suitability of AA6061-T651.
Global Coagulation Assays in Transgender Women on Oral and Transdermal Estradiol Therapy
Authors: Lim Hui Yin , Leemaqz Shalem Y , Torkamani Niloufar , Grossmann Mathis , Zajac Jeffrey D , Nandurkar Harshal , Ho Prahlad , Cheung Ada S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Context
The thrombotic effects of estradiol therapy in transgender women are unclear. Global coagulation assays (GCA) may be better measures of hemostatic function compared with standard coagulation tests.

Objective
To assess the GCA profiles of transgender women in comparison to cisgender controls and to compare how GCA differ between routes of estradiol therapy in transgender women.

Design
Cross-sectional case-control study.

Setting
General community.

Participants
Transgender women, cisgender male and cisgender female controls.

Main outcome measures
Citrated blood samples were analyzed for (i) whole blood thromboelastography (TEG®5000), (ii) platelet-poor plasma thrombin generation (calibrated automated thrombogram); and (iii) platelet-poor plasma fibrin generation (overall hemostatic potential assay). Mean difference (95% confidence intervals) between groups are presented.

Results
Twenty-six transgender women (16 oral estradiol, 10 transdermal estradiol) were compared with 98 cisgender women and 55 cisgender men. There were no differences in serum estradiol concentration (P = 0.929) and duration of therapy (P = 0.496) between formulations. Transgender women demonstrated hypercoagulable parameters on both thromboelastography (maximum amplitude + 6.94 mm (3.55, 10.33); P &lt; 0.001) and thrombin generation (endogenous thrombin potential + 192.62 nM.min (38.33, 326.91); P = 0.009; peak thrombin + 38.10 nM (2.27, 73.94); P = 0.034) but had increased overall fibrinolytic potential (+4.89% (0.52, 9.25); P = 0.024) compared with cisgender men. No significant changes were observed relative to cisgender women. Route of estradiol delivery or duration of use did not influence the GCA parameters.

Conclusion
Transgender women on estradiol therapy demonstrated hypercoagulable GCA parameters compared with cisgender men with a shift towards cisgender female parameters. Route of estradiol delivery did not influence the GCA parameters.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Albumin, and Mortality Among Chinese Older Adults: A Population-based Longitudinal Study
Authors: Jin Xurui , Xiong Shangzhi , Ju Sang-Yhun , Zeng Yi , Yan Lijing L , Yao Yao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Context
The associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations [25(OH)D] and all-cause mortality have been inconsistent in existing literatures. One plausible reason is the interaction of intrinsic vitamin D with other biological conditions such as malnutrition and chronic inflammation.

Objective
To explore the associations between serum levels of 25(OH)D, albumin, and all-cause mortality and further evaluate their interactions in elderly people.

Design
Population-based longitudinal study.

Setting and Participants
Data were obtained from 1834 people aged 65 to 112 who had their serum 25(OH)D and albumin assayed at baseline in 2011. Participants’ survival status was ascertained at the 2014 and 2018 follow-up survey waves.

Main Outcome Measures
All-cause mortality.

Results
Among the 1834 participants, both serum 25(OH)D and albumin concentrations were inversely associated with all-cause mortality (Ps &lt; 0.001). In addition, the interaction effect of 25(OH)D and albumin on all-cause mortality was observed among the participants (P = 0.001). In the group with a higher albumin level (≥40 g/L), participants with a lower level of 25(OH)D (&lt;50 nmol/L) had higher risk of mortality than their counterparts (hazard ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-2.56), and the association was more pronounced in women. In the group with a lower albumin level (&lt;40 g/L), the associations failed to reach statistical significance in all participants as well as in women and in men.

Conclusions
Serum 25(OH)D and albumin levels were inversely associated with all-cause mortality in Chinese older adults. The association between 25(OH)D and mortality was more pronounced in participants with higher albumin levels.
Sex Differences in Long-term Metabolic Effects of Maternal Resveratrol Intake in Adult Rat Offspring
Authors: Ros Purificación , Díaz Francisca , Freire-Regatillo Alejandra , Argente-Arizón Pilar , Barrios Vicente , Argente Jesús , Chowen Julie A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Maternal nutrition can affect the susceptibility of the offspring to metabolic disease later in life, suggesting that this period is a window of opportunity for intervention to reduce the risk of metabolic disease. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, has a wide range of beneficial properties including anti-obesogenic, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-diabetic effects. We previously reported that maternal resveratrol intake during pregnancy and lactation has early metabolic effects in the offspring with these effects at weaning depending on the type of diet ingested by the mother and the offspring’s sex. Here we analyzed whether these metabolic changes are maintained in the adult offspring and if they remain sex and maternal diet dependent. Wistar rats received a low-fat diet (LFD; 10.2% Kcal from fat) or high fat diet (HFD; 61.6% Kcal from fat) during pregnancy and lactation. Half of each group received resveratrol in their drinking water (50 mg/L). Offspring were weaned onto standard chow on postnatal day 21. Maternal resveratrol reduced serum cholesterol levels in all adult offspring from HFD mothers and increased it in adult female offspring from LFD mothers. Resveratrol increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in LFD offspring in both sexes but decreased it in male HFD offspring. Resveratrol shifted the distribution of VAT adipocyte size to a significantly higher incidence of large adipocytes, regardless of sex or maternal diet. These results clearly demonstrate that maternal resveratrol intake has long-lasting effects on metabolic health of offspring in a sex specific manner with these effects being highly dependent on the maternal diet.
Insulin and Proinsulin Dynamics Progressively Deteriorate From Within the Normal Range Toward Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Murai Norimitsu , Saito Naoko , Kodama Eriko , Iida Tatsuya , Mikura Kentaro , Imai Hideyuki , Kaji Mariko , Hashizume Mai , Kigawa Yasuyoshi , Koizumi Go , Tadokoro Rie , Sugisawa Chiho , Endo Kei , Iizaka Toru , Saiki Ryo , Otsuka Fumiko , Ishibashi Shun , Nagasaka Shoichiro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Context
Slight elevations in plasma glucose (PG) manifest in advance of diabetes onset, but abnormalities in immunoreactive insulin (IRI), proinsulin (Pro), and adiponectin dynamics during this stage remain poorly understood.

Objective
The objective of this work is to investigate whether IRI and Pro dynamics become abnormal as glucose tolerance deteriorates from within the normal range toward impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), as well as the relationship between PG, and these dynamics and serum adiponectin levels.

Design
A cross-sectional study was designed.

Setting
This study took place at Jichi Medical University in Japan.

Participants and Measurements
PG, IRI, and Pro levels were determined in 1311 young Japanese individuals (age &lt; 40 years) with normal or IGT before and at 30, 60, and 120 minutes during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Participants were assigned to 4 groups according to glucose tolerance, and then background factors, adiponectin levels, insulin sensitivity (SI), and insulin secretion (β) indexes were determined.

Results
PG levels as well as IRI and Pro levels 60 and 120 minutes after glucose-loading increased incrementally with deteriorating glucose tolerance. All measures of β and the SI measure index of insulin sensitivity (ISI)-Matsuda decreased incrementally. Serum adiponectin levels were not significantly different among the glucose tolerance groups, but were independently and negatively correlated with fasting glucose.

Conclusions
Early β decreased and postloading Pro levels became excessive in a progressive manner as glucose tolerance deteriorated from within the normal range toward IGT.
A Systemic Review of Supports for Participation in Faith Settings for People With Disabilities
Authors: Miller Valerie , Skubik-Peplaski Camille 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
People with disabilities participate in community settings less than peers. This occurs due to physical and psychosocial barriers. One area of regular community participation is in faith settings, however there is a lack of evidence on how to support inclusion in these settings. This systematic review identifies what supports people with disabilities and their caregivers reported that assists with participation in faith settings. A review was conducted and articles were evaluated. The studies were analyzed for specific supports and then compared to determine the frequency at which the supports were mentioned. It was concluded that physical accessibility and a welcoming, supportive attitude were the supports mentioned most often. Two out of the three top results represent low-to-no cost supports to increase inclusion.
Interactions With and Between Families and Professionals in College: Perspectives of Young Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Francis Grace L. , Reed Alexandra S. , Howard Maureen E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Postsecondary education programs (PSEs) are becoming increasingly available for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities across the United States. Positive interactions between young adults and their families and professionals, and collaborative family-professional interactions can enhance transition outcomes for people with disabilities, including successful transition into and out of PSEs. However, there is limited research on the perspectives of the young adults who attend PSEs regarding these topics. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the retrospective perceptions of 10 PSE graduates regarding (a) interactions with their families, (b) interactions with PSE professionals, and (c) interactions between their families and PSE professionals. Participants reported negative and positive interactions with their families and PSE professionals, described how their families and PSE professionals interacted, and also provided recommendations for families and professionals to support young adults with disabilities. Implications and future research are discussed.
Academic Access and Progress for Students With Intellectual Disability in Inclusive Postsecondary Education: A Systematic Review of Research
Authors: Becht Kathleen , Blades Carley , Agarwal Rumi , Burke Shanna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The passage of the Higher Education Opportunity Act in 2008 extended the expectation of previous legislation (the Education for All Handicapped Children Act and Individuals With Disabilities Education Act) regarding general education academic access for students with intellectual disability, from elementary to secondary and now through to postsecondary education. In light of this extension of academic access, the authors conducted a systematic research review of the studies that explored access to and progress in college academics for students with intellectual disability (ID) enrolled in inclusive postsecondary education (PSE) programs. Of the 43 studies that met criteria, between 1987 and 2017, less than half provided sufficient contextual information to confirm academically inclusive course attendance or participation. Findings and implications, regarding the lack of research exploring access to and progress in academically inclusive college course content for students with ID are discussed. Authors also discuss the need for consensus on academic expectations of students with ID enrolled in college courses and the timely use of compensatory technologies and strategies.
From Teen Angels to Vogue: The subcultural styles of the girl gang in Mi Vida Loca
Authors: Horrex Emma 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Despite increasing sociological scholarship pertaining to girl gang membership in the last few decades, there continues to be a lack of engagement with the meaning of their stylistic practices and how this manifests on screen. As a corrective to this, this article considers the complexities, contradictions and ambiguities in girl gang styles and their 'symbolic meaning' for young Chicanas as represented in the first feature-length film to bring contemporary girl gang activity from the streets to the mainstream, . Examining Chola makeup, gang tattoos and dress, the article explores how the gang girl can produce meaning (political, feminist or other) and power through styles, and the tensions between 'authentic' agentic subcultural defiance and mainstream consumption, and the dualistic constructions of girlhood itself. Disadvantaged by intersecting forces, it is argued that gang girls do not necessarily have less opportunity, but greater difficulty in imposing meaning onto the world and resisting hegemonic forces through subcultural aesthetics.
Starke dresses the stars: Jean Simmons' 21st birthday wardrobe
Authors: Tregenza Liz 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
On 31 January 1950 British actress Jean Simmons turned twenty-one. At the time Simmons was one of the most popular and successful British film stars, voted actress of the year in the Daily Mail National Film awards the same year. Simmons twenty-first birthday was therefore viewed as international news. However, rather than choosing a birthday wardrobe from a haute couturier, as a film star of her status undeniably could have, Simmons chose garments designed by London ready-to-wear firm Frederick Starke.
This article questions why Simmons chose a wardrobe from Starke and investigates how these garments helped Simmons to project a certain image. It also considers how the outfits selected were later used as Simmons' costume in the Ealing Studios crime drama Cage of Gold (). The film credits Anthony Mendleson, Ealing Studios resident designer and wardrobe supervisor, for the costumes. However Starke designed the majority of the clothes worn by Simmons in the film. This is an intriguing example whereby Simmons' garments are, at once, both her personal clothing and her costume.
Programação e robótica
Authors: Dantas Leonardo Henrique de Oliveira , Silva Ana Karina Vieira da , Carneiro Alexsandro Monteiro , Dantas Gabriel Henrique de Oliveira 
Published: June 2020

O uso de sistemas robóticos no mundo moderno é crescente, pois permite desenvolver com eficiência e precisão tarefas complexas e até mesmo impossíveis para o ser humano. Ademais um sistema robótico é multidisciplinar com constante evolução, pois envolve diferentes áreas tecnológicas e de engenharias. Com o intuito de proporcionar um cenário de inclusão tecnológica, o projeto de extensão “Programação e Robótica da Universidade Católica Dom Bosco” tem por objetivo despertar o interesse nas áreas tecnológicas nos ensinos fundamental e médio. Para isso, proporciona aulas teóricas e práticas, há mais de 10 anos, em parceria com escolas públicas e particulares, desenvolvendo atividades de ensino e experimentos que disponibilizam na prática conceitos clássicos de engenharia, física, inglês, interpretação de texto, matemática e tecnologia da informação por meio de kits LEGO e linguagens de programação. Durante sua trajetória, o projeto alcançou mais de 1.000 estudantes de forma direta e indireta, auxiliando-os em escolhas profissionais e proporcionando oportunidades únicas, pois o ensino como este só é possível em escolas especializadas com custo relativamente inacessível. Com a disponibilidade de forma gratuita, o projeto atende a todos os estudantes de ensino fundamental e médio do município de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul.