bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Visible Plasmons of Ag Nanoparticles and Infrared Plasmons of Graphene Nanoribbons for High‐Performance Surface‐Enhanced Raman and Infrared Spectroscopies
Authors: Nong Jinpeng , Tang Linlong , Lan Guilian , Luo Peng , Li Zhancheng , Huang Deping , Shen Jun , Wei Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAg nanoparticles (NPs) modified graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are proposed to function as the high‐performance shared substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman and infrared absorption spectroscopy (SERS and SEIRAS). This is realized by modulating the localized plasmonic resonances of Ag NPs in visible region and GNRs in mid‐infrared region simultaneously, so as to selectively employ each resonance to acquire SERS and SEIRAS on a single substrate. As a proof of concept, shared substrates are prepared by fabricating GNRs on a Fabry–Pérot like cavity, followed by depositing a thin Ag film with annealing treatment to achieve Ag NPs. Complementary Raman and infrared active vibrational modes of rhodamine 6G molecules can be extracted from the SERS and SEIRAS spectra. By optimizing the dimension of Ag NPs, SERS enhancement factors at the order of 105 can be achieved, which are comparable with or even larger than that of the reported shared substrates. Meanwhile, various polyethylene oxide vibrational modes can be recognized with maximum SEIRAS amplification up to 170 times, which is one order larger than that of the reported graphene plasmonic infrared sensors. Such plasmonic nanosensor with excellent SERS and SEIRAS performance exhibits promising potential for biosensing applications on an integrated lab‐on‐a‐chip strategy.
Mechanical and conductive performance of electrically conductive cementitious composite using graphite, steel slag, and GGBS
Authors: Li Jianwei , Qin Qirong , Sun Junbo , Ma Yongzhi , Li Qia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractElectrically conductive cementitious composite (ECCC) can be utilized in traffic detection, structural health monitoring (SHM), and pavement deicing. Graphite is a popular conductive filler given its outstanding electrical resistance behavior, but its flat micro‐surface decreases the friction resistance, reducing mechanical strength. However, slag solids can substitute part of the graphite with their considerable conductivity and superior mechanical characteristics. In this research, 27 ECCC composites are developed incorporated by combined graphite powder (GP), blast furnace slag (GGBS), and steel slag (SS). Flexural, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) experiments, and resistance experiments with failure mode evaluations are carried out to explore the influence of proposed conductive fillers with different fractions. Results show the graphite strongly improves conductivity but dramatically reduces mechanical performance. Both steel slag and GGBS reduced the compressive and flexural strength after their replacement ratio exceeded 20%. Additionally, compared with GGBS, SS demonstrated a better influence on mechanical and conductive performance. A 15 wt% ratio of GGBS, 20 wt% of SS, and 4 wt% of GP are explored as the optimum design with 3.4 MPa of flexural strength, 36 MPa of compressive strength, and 7,779 Ω cm of resistance. Lastly, a microstructural investigation is conducted to explore the mechanical and conductive mechanism of ECCC.
Leitbild und Handlungsfelder zur Öffnung des öffentlichen Einkaufs in Deutschland
Authors: Reuter Britta 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie ausführliche Bestandsaufnahme, die Ergebnisse der Online-Befragung und der Blick auf die Best Practices bilden die Grundlage, um in diesem Kapitel ein Leitbild für die Öffnung der öffentlichen Einkaufsdaten zu entwerfen. Anhand der Formulierung von Maßnahmen kann ein Leitbild weiter präzisiert und idealerweise auch in der Praxis wirksam werden. In Anlehnung an die vorhergehenden Kapitel erfolgt eine allgemeine Beschreibung des Leitbilds für die Öffnung der öffentlichen Einkaufsdaten, bevor die jeweiligen Handlungsfelder entlang der Wirkungsdimensionen Strategie und Organisation, Recht, Technologie, Transparenz, Partizipation und Kollaboration vertieft werden.
Literaturauswertung
Authors: Reuter Britta 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Literaturauswertung ist ein essentieller methodischer Bestandteil dieser Arbeit. In diesem Kapitel soll kurz das Vorgehen für die Auswahl der genutzten Literatur beschrieben werden, um zu klären und zu begründen, welche Quellen berücksichtigt wurden und welche nicht. Somit entsteht auch ein erster Einblick über die Breite und Tiefe der vorhandenen Literatur.
Der Status quo des öffentlichen Einkaufs
Authors: Reuter Britta 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungKapitel 6 präsentiert zunächst Zahlen und Fakten zum öffentlichen Einkauf, gefolgt von den rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen der Vergabe. Die organisatorische Umsetzung zeigt Organisationsformen im öffentlichen Einkauf sowie die Bedeutung des Einkaufsprozesses in einer gesamthaften Betrachtung auf. Die technische Durchdringung fokussiert auf den Stand des elektronischen Einkaufs als Voraussetzung für eine mögliche Öffnung. Anschließend wird die Bedeutung von Transparenz, Korruption, Partizipation und Kollaboration dargelegt.Anliegen ist, ein möglichst konkretes Bild vom gegenwärtigen Zustand des öffentlichen Einkaufs zu zeichnen, um eine Basis für die nachfolgenden empirischen und analytischen Abschnitte der Studie zu schaffen.
Bestandsaufnahme offener öffentlicher Einkaufsdaten
Authors: Reuter Britta 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungFolgendes Kapitel schafft den Übergang vom elektronischen öffentlichen Einkauf zu offenen öffentlichen Einkaufsdaten für Deutschland. Es greift hierbei die Gliederung nach rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen, organisatorischer Umsetzung, technischer Durchdringung, Transparenz, Partizipation und Kollaboration erneut auf. Die Portale der Länder Hamburg, Bremen und NRW sowie die öffentlichen Einkaufsdaten aus 26 auszugsweise analysierten Vergabe- und Bekanntmachungsportalen werden näher beleuchtet. Ebenso wird darauf eingegangen, welche Daten überhaupt bereitgestellt werden sollten und wie ein Musterdatenschema aussehen könnte.
On the Interactive Power of Higher-order Processes Extended with Parameterization
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Xu Xian , Yin Qiang , Long Huan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

This paper investigates the interactive power of the higher-order pi-calculus extended with parameterization. We study two kinds of parameterization: name parameterization and process parameterization. We show that each of these kinds of parameterization results in an interactively complete model, in the sense that they can express the elementary interactive model (named

C

) with built-in recursive functions.
Roundness prediction in centreless grinding using physics-enhanced machine learning techniques
Authors: Safarzadeh Hossein , Leonesio Marco , Bianchi Giacomo , Monno Michele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis work proposes a model for suggesting optimal process configuration in plunge centreless grinding operations. Seven different approaches were implemented and compared: first principles model, neural network model with one hidden layer, support vector regression model with polynomial kernel function, Gaussian process regression model and hybrid versions of those three models. The first approach is based on an enhancement of the well-known numerical process simulation of geometrical instability. The model takes into account raw workpiece profile and possible wheel-workpiece loss of contact, which introduces an inherent limitation on the resulting profile waviness. Physical models, because of epistemic errors due to neglected or oversimplified functional relationships, can be too approximated for being considered in industrial applications. Moreover, in deterministic models, uncertainties affecting the various parameters are not explicitly considered. Complexity in centreless grinding models arises from phenomena like contact length dependency on local compliance, contact force and grinding wheel roughness, unpredicted material properties of the grinding wheel and workpiece, precision of the manual setup done by the operator, wheel wear and nature of wheel wear. In order to improve the overall model prediction accuracy and allow automated continuous learning, several machine learning techniques have been investigated: a Bayesian regularized neural network, an SVR model and a GPR model. To exploit the a priori knowledge embedded in physical models, hybrid models are proposed, where neural network, SVR and GPR models are fed by the nominal process parameters enriched with the roundness predicted by the first principle model. Those hybrid models result in an improved prediction capability.
Stable Divisorial Gonality is in NP
Authors: Bodlaender Hans L. , van der Wegen Marieke , van der Zanden Tom C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDivisorial gonality and stable divisorial gonality are graph parameters, which have an origin in algebraic geometry. Divisorial gonality of a connected graph G can be defined with help of a chip firing game on G. The stable divisorial gonality of G is the minimum divisorial gonality over all subdivisions of edges of G. In this paper we prove that deciding whether a given connected graph has stable divisorial gonality at most a given integer k belongs to the class NP. Combined with the result that (stable) divisorial gonality is NP-hard by Gijswijt et al., we obtain that stable divisorial gonality is NP-complete. The proof consists of a partial certificate that can be verified by solving an Integer Linear Programming instance. As a corollary, we have that the total number of subdivisions needed for minimum stable divisorial gonality of a graph with m edges is bounded by mO(mn).
COVID-19: IgG seroconversion under intensive glucocorticoid treatment in a high-risk patient with minimal change disease
Authors: Eder Michael , Strassl Robert , Kläger Johannes , Aigner Christof , Thalhammer Florian , Kikić Željko 
Published: December 2020

SummaryIn this case report we present a rare case of a patient with multiple risk factors for severe coronavirus disease (COVID 19) in whom intensive glucocorticoid treatment due to incipient nephrotic syndrome coincided with SARS-CoV‑2 infection. Despite this high baseline risk profile and the use of glucocorticoids the patient developed only mild disease including IgG SARS-CoV‑2 seroconversion.
Hydromorphologic Sorting of In-Stream Nitrogen Uptake Across Spatial Scales
Authors: Risse-Buhl Ute , Anlanger Christine , Noss Christian , Lorke Andreas , von Schiller Daniel , Weitere Markus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNitrogen (N) uptake is a key process in stream ecosystems that is mediated mainly by benthic microorganisms (biofilms on different substrata) and has implications for the biogeochemical fluxes at catchment scale and beyond. Here, we focused on the drivers of assimilatory N uptake, especially the effects of hydromorphology and other environmental constraints, across three spatial scales: micro, meso and reach. In two seasons (summer and spring), we performed whole-reach15N-labelled ammonium injection experiments in two montane, gravel-bed stream reaches with riffle–pool sequences. N uptake was highest in epilithic biofilms, thallophytes and roots (min–max range 0.2–545.2 mg N m−2day−1) and lowest in leaves, wood and fine benthic organic matter (0.05–209.2 mg N m−2day−1). At the microscale, N uptake of all primary uptake compartments except wood was higher in riffles than in pools. At the mesoscale, hydromorphology determined the distribution of primary uptake compartments, with fast-flowing riffles being dominated by biologically more active compartments and pools being dominated by biologically less active compartments. Despite a lower biomass of primary uptake compartments, mesoscale N uptake was 1.7–3.0 times higher in riffles than in pools. At reach scale, N uptake ranged from 79.6 to 334.1 mg N m−2day−1. Highest reach-scale N uptake was caused by a bloom of thallopyhtes, mainly filamentous autotrophs, during stable low discharge and high light conditions. Our results reveal the important role of hydromorphologic sorting of primary uptake compartments at mesoscale as a controlling factor for reach-scale N uptake in streams.
Global tide simulations with ICON-O: testing the model performance on highly irregular meshes
Authors: Logemann Kai , Linardakis Leonidas , Korn Peter , Schrum Corinna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe global tide is simulated with the global ocean general circulation model ICON-O using a newly developed tidal module, which computes the full tidal potential. The simulated coastal M2 amplitudes, derived by a discrete Fourier transformation of the output sea level time series, are compared with the according values derived from satellite altimetry (TPXO-8 atlas). The experiments are repeated with four uniform and sixteen irregular triangular grids. The results show that the quality of the coastal tide simulation depends primarily on the coastal resolution and that the ocean interior can be resolved up to twenty times lower without causing considerable reductions in quality. The mesh transition zones between areas of different resolutions are formed by cell bisection and subsequent local spring optimisation tolerating a triangular cell’s maximum angle up to 84°. Numerical problems with these high-grade non-equiangular cells were not encountered. The results emphasise the numerical feasibility and potential efficiency of highly irregular computational meshes used by ICON-O.
Central configurations in the spatial n-body problem for $$n=5,6$$ with equal masses
Authors: Moczurad Małgorzata , Zgliczyński Piotr 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a computer assisted proof of the full listing of central configurations for spatialn-body problem for$$n=5$$n=5and 6, with equal masses. For each central configuration, we give a full list of its Euclidean symmetries. For all masses sufficiently close to the equal masses case, we give an exact count of configurations in the planar case for$$n=4,5,6,7$$n=4,5,6,7and in the spatial case for$$n=4,5,6$$n=4,5,6.
Pseudomonas simiae WCS417: star track of a model beneficial rhizobacterium
Authors: Pieterse Corné M. J. , Berendsen Roeland L. , de Jonge Ronnie , Stringlis Ioannis A. , Van Dijken Anja J. H. , Van Pelt Johan A. , Van Wees Saskia C. M. , Yu Ke , Zamioudis Christos , Bakker Peter A. H. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince the 1980s, numerous mutualisticPseudomonasspp. strains have been used in studies on the biology of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their interactions with host plants. In 1988, a strain from thePseudomonas fluorescensgroup, WCS417, was isolated from lesions of wheat roots growing in a take-all disease-suppressive soil. In subsequent trials, WCS417 limited the build-up of take-all disease in field-grown wheat and significantly increased wheat yield. In 1991, WCS417 was featured in one of the first landmark studies on rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance (ISR), in which it was shown to confer systemic immunity in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) against Fusarium wilt. The discovery that WCS417 conferred systemic immunity in the model plant speciesArabidopsis thalianain 1996 incited intensive research on the molecular mechanisms by which PGPR promote plant growth and induce broad-spectrum disease resistance in plants. Since then, the strain name appeared in over 750 studies on beneficial plant-microbe interactions.ScopeIn this review, we will highlight key discoveries in plant-microbe interactions research that have emerged from over 30 years of research featuring WCS417 as a model rhizobacterial strain. WCS417 was instrumental in improving our understanding of the microbial determinants that are involved in root colonization and the establishment of mutually beneficial interactions with the host plant. The model strain also provided novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of plant growth promotion and the onset and expression of rhizobacteria-ISR. More recently, WCS417 has been featured in studies on host immune evasion during root colonization, and chemical communication in the rhizosphere during root microbiome assembly.ConclusionsNumerous studies on the modes of action of WCS417 have provided major conceptual advances in our understanding of how free-living mutualists colonize the rhizosphere, modulate plant immunity, and promote plant growth. The concepts may prove useful in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in other binary plant-beneficial microbe interactions, and in more complex microbial community contexts, such as the root microbiome.
Levelling the playing field: The effect of including widening participation in university league tables
Authors: Hubbard Katharine , O’Neill Michael , Nattrass Stuart 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNationally and internationally, universities are ranked in university league tables (ULTs). Sustained academic criticism of the rationale and methodology of compiling ULTs has not stopped these rankings exerting considerable pressure on the decisions of university managers. The compilation of ULTs is an inherently political act, with the choice and weighting of metrics resulting in particular characteristics of individual institutions being rewarded or penalised. One aspect that is currently not considered by league tables is the diversity of the student intake, and the extent to which an institution has been successful in widening participation (WP) in higher education (HE). The need to take action is reflected in target 4.3 of the fourth United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 4), which aims to “ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university” by 2030. This article explores how current ULT metrics for universities in the United Kingdom (UK) relate to WP. Using publicly available data, the authors found that over 75% of UK league table metrics are negatively related to WP. This has the effect of making institutions with a diverse student body significantly more likely to be lower down in the league tables. The worst relationship with WP is for entry standards. Universities which recruit high-performing students are actively rewarded in the league tables; this fails to recognise that students with high entry grades are more likely to come from privileged backgrounds. The authors developed a ULT which includes a WP score as an explicit league table metric and found that their WP-adjusted table removed the negative relationship between WP and league table rank, resulting in a somewhat fairer comparison between universities. They conclude that ULT compilers have an ethical duty to improve their definition of a “good” university, which in the current HE environment of the UK must include WP. The authors believe this should be an urgent priority for the sector, so that universities with a commitment to widening participation can be recognised and rewarded.
Effects of Dispersant and ZDDP Additives on Fretting Wear
Authors: Kontou A. , Taylor R. I. , Spikes H. A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of dispersant and anti-wear additives on fretting wear in lubricated bearing steel contacts. Reciprocating sliding ball-on-flat fretting tests with a stroke length of 50 μm have been carried out on steel-to-steel contacts in both dry and lubricated conditions. Wear and friction coefficient have been measured, and surface characterisation has been carried out using optical techniques to investigate fretting wear. The presence of base oil reduces fretting wear markedly compared to dry conditions, but fretting damage is still observed at low reciprocation frequencies. As frequency is increased, there is a transition from oxidative to adhesive/scuffing damage. The anti-wear additive ZDDP is effective in forming a tribofilm on the surfaces and reducing visible oxidation and wear. A succinimide dispersant also reduces the accumulation of solid debris but does not alleviate wear damage. The combination of both ZDDP anti-wear additive and dispersant in base oil appears to provide significant protection against fretting wear.
The legacy from the 50 years of acid rain research, forming present and future research and monitoring of ecosystem impact
Authors: Rosseland Bjørn Olav 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAcid rain and acidification research are indeed a multidisciplinary field. This field evolved from the first attempts to mitigate acid freshwater in the 1920s, then linking acid rain to the acidification in late 1950s, to the broad project-concepts on cause and effect from the late 1960s. Three papers from 1974, 1976 and 1988 demonstrate a broad approach and comprise scientific areas from analytical chemistry, biochemistry, limnology, ecology, physiology and genetics. Few, if any, environmental problems have led to a public awareness, political decisions and binding limitations as the story of acid rain. Acid precipitation and acidification problems still exist, but at a lower pressure, and liming has been reduced accordingly. However, the biological responses in the process of recovery are slow and delayed. The need for basic science, multidisciplinary studies, long time series of high-quality data, is a legacy from the acid rain era, and must form the platform for all future environmental projects.
Mitochondrial relationships between various chamomile accessions
Authors: Ruzicka Joana , Hacek Marion , Novak Johannes 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMatricaria chamomillaL. (GRIN; The Plant List 2013) is an important medicinal plant and one of the most frequently consumed tea plants. In order to assess mitochondrial genome variation of different cultivated chamomile accessions, 36 mitochondrial SNP markers were used in a HRM (high resolution melting) approach. In thirteen accessions of chamomile (n = 155), twenty mitochondrial haplotypes (genetic distances 0.028–0.693) were identified. Three of the accessions (‘Camoflora’, ‘Mat19’ and ‘Manzana’) were monomorphic. The highest genotypic variability was found for the Croatian accession ‘PG029’ with nine mitochondrial haplotypes (mitotypes) and the Argentinian ‘Argenmilla’ with seven mitotypes. However, most of the mitotypes detected in these accessions were infrequent in our sample set, thus disclosing an unusual high amount of substitutions within the mitochondrial genome of these accessions. The mitotypes with the highest frequency in the examined dataset were MT1 (n = 27), MT9 (n = 23) and MT17 (n = 20). All of the frequent mitochondrial lines are distributed not only over several accessions but also over several geographical origins. The origins often build a triplet with on average two to three concurrent lines. The most distantly related accessions were ‘Mat19’ and ‘Camoflora’ (0.539), while ‘PNOS’ and ‘Margaritar’ (0.007) showed the lowest genetic distance.