bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Live Poultry Market Closure and Avian Influenza A (H7N9) infection in cities of China, 2013-2017: An ecological study
Authors: Chen Ying , Cheng Jian , Xu Zhiwei , Hu Wenbiao , Lu Jiahai 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have proven that the closure of live poultry markets (LPMs) was an effective intervention to reduce human risk of avian influenza A (H7N9) infection, but evidence is limited on the impact of scale and duration of LPMs closure on the transmission of H7N9. Method: Five cities (i.e., Shanghai, Suzhou, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Hangzhou) with the largest number of H7N9 cases in mainland China from 2013 to 2017 were selected in this study. Data on laboratory-confirmed H7N9 human cases in those five cities were obtained from the Chinese National Influenza Centre. The detailed information of LPMs closure (i.e., area and duration) was obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture. We used a generalized linear model with a Poisson link to estimate the effect of LPMs closure, reported as relative risk reduction (RRR). We used classification and regression trees (CARTs) model to select and quantify the dominant factor of H7N9 infection. Results: All five cities implemented the LPMs closure, and the risk of H7N9 infection decreased significantly after LPMs closure with RRR ranging from 0.80 to 0.93. Respectively, a long-term LPMs closure for 10-13 weeks elicited a sustained and highly significant risk reduction of H7N9 infection (RRR = 0.98). Short-time LPMs closure with 2 weeks in every epidemic did not reduce the risk of H7N9 infection (p>0.05). Partially closed LPMs in some suburbs contributed only 35% for reduction rate (RRR=0.35). Shenzhen implemented partial closure for first 3 epidemics (p>0.05) and all closure in the latest 2 epidemic waves (RRR=0.64). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that LPMs all closure in whole city can be a highly effective measure comparing with partial closure (i.e. only urban closure, suburb and rural remain open). Extend the duration of closure and consider permanently closing the LPMs will help improve the control effect. The effect of LPMs closure seems greater than that of meteorology on H7N9 transmission.
Ocular lesions in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: genetics and clinical characteristics
Authors: Gómez-Acebo Ines , Prado Sara Rodríguez , Mora Angel De la , Puente Roberto Zarrabeitia , Varela Beatriz de la Roza , Dierssen-Sotos Trinidad , Llorca Javier 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The aim of our study is to study the association between eye lesions in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) and other signs of the disease, as well as to characterize its genetics.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted of a cohort of 206 patients studied in the HHT Unit of Hospital de Sierrallana, a reference centre for Spanish patients with HHT. Odds ratios for several symptoms or characteristics of HHT and ocular lesions were estimated using logistic regression adjusting for age and sex.Results The ocular involvement was associated with being a carrier of a mutation for the ENG gene, that is, suffering from a type 1 HHT involvement (OR = 2.09; 95% CI [1.17-3.72]). p = 0.012). In contrast, patients with ocular lesions have less frequently mutated ACVRL1/ALK1 gene (OR = 0.52; 95% CI [0.30- 3.88], p = 0.022). Conclusions In conclusion, half of the patients with HHT in our study have ocular involvement. These eye lesions are associated with mutations in the ENG gene and ACVRL1/ALK1 gene. Thus, the ENG gene increases the risk of ocular lesions, while being a carrier of the mutated ACVRL1/ALK1 gene decreases said risk.
Association between risk of preeclampsia and maternal plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide in second trimester and at the time of delivery
Authors: Huang Xin , Li Zuodong , Gao Zhou , Wang Dapeng , Li Xiaohui , Li Ying , Mi Chunmei , Lei Jun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The data on the association between the microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia (PE) is limited. Methods: We, therefore, conducted a prospective nested case control study during Sep 2017 to Dec 2018 to examine the association between plasma TMAO measured during pregnancy and the risk of PE. Total of 17 patients diagnosed with EOPE (early onset PE), 49 with LOPE (late onset PE) and 198 healthy controls were enrolled. Blood samples were collected at 15-23 gestational weeks and time at delivery. The Logistic regression model was used to assess the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for TMAO and risk of PE, EOPE, LOPE, mild PE, and severe PE. Results: We found that the mean TMAO levels of overall subjects in the second trimester (T2) and at the time of delivery (TD) were 90.39 µg/m3 (SD=45.91) and 175.01 µg/m3 (SD=160.97), respectively. No significant spearman correlation was found between the TMAO in those two periods (p> 0.05). T2 TMAO was not significantly associated with risk of PE or risk of any PE subtypes (p >0.05). However, TD TMAO was significant associated with risk of PE, EOPE and severe PE (adjusted OR and 95%CI were 1.24(1.09, 1.40), 1.62(1.29, 2.03), and 1.41(1.17, 1.70)) per 50µg/m3 increment, respectively). Conclusion: Our study found that plasma TMAO level would alter over the course of pregnancy. The major role of TMAO in PE development might be in the accelerating process not in the initiation.
Conscious sedation for the management of dental anxiety in third molar extraction surgery: a systematic review.
Authors: Melini Matteo , Forni Andrea , Cavallin Francesco , Parotto Matteo , Zanette Gastone 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Dental anxiety is a condition associated with avoidance of dental treatment and increased medical and surgical risks. This systematic review aims to summarize available evidence on conscious sedation techniques used for the management of Dental anxiety in patients scheduled for third molar extraction surgery, to identify best approaches and knowledge gaps. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted including MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, clinicaltrials.gov and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews through March 2019. Only randomized controlled trials were included. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Risk of bias was appraised as reported in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results: Seventeen RCTs with a total of 1,788 patients were included. Some aspects limited the feasibility of a meaningful meta-analysis, thus a narrative synthesis was conducted. Conscious sedation was associated with improvement in Dental anxiety in six studies. One study reported lower cortisol levels with midazolam vs. placebo, while another study found significant variation in perioperative renin levels with remifentanil vs. placebo. Conclusions: This review found inconclusive and conflicting findings about the role of Conscious sedation in managing Dental anxiety during third molar extraction surgery. Relevant questions remain unanswered due to the lack of consistent, standardized outcome measures. Future research may benefit from addressing these limitations in study design.
Dynamics of forage and land cover changes in Teltele rangeland Southern, Ethiopia. Using geospatial and field survey data
Authors: Fenetahun Yeneayehu , Yong-dong Wang , You Yuan , Xinwen Xu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The gradual conversion of rangelands into other land use types is one of the main challenges affecting the sustainable management of rangelands in Teltele. This study aimed to examine the changes, drivers, trends in land use and land cover (LULC), to determine the link between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and forage biomass and the associated impacts of forage biomass production dynamics on the Teltele rangelands in Southern Ethiopia. A Combination of remote sensing data, field interviews, discussion and observations data were used to examine the dynamics of LULC between 1992–2019 and forage biomass production. The Results indicate that there is a marked increase in farm land (35.3%), bare land (13.8%) and shrub land (4.8%), while the reduction found in grass land (54.5%), wet land (69.3%) and forest land (10.5%). The larger change in land observed in both grassland and wetland part was observed during the period from 1995–2000 and 2015–2019, this is due to climate change impact (El-Niño) happened in Teltele rangeland during the year 1999 and 2016 respectively. The quantity of forage in different land use/cover types, grass land had the highest average amount of forage biomass of 2,092.3 kg/ha, followed by wetland with 1,231 kg/ha, forest land with 1,191.3 kg/ha, shrub land with 180 kg/ha, agricultural land with 139.5 kg/ha and bare land with 58.1 kg/ha. The significant linkage observed between NDVI and LULC change types (when a high NDVI value, the LULC changes also shows positive value or an increasing trend). In addition, NDVI value directly related to the greenness status of vegetation occurred on each LULC change types and its value directly linkage forage biomass production pattern with grassland land use types. 64.8% (grass land), 43.3% (agricultural land), 75.1% (forest land), 50.6% (shrub land), 80.5% (bare land) and 75.5% (wet land) more or higher dry biomass production in the wet season compared to the dry season.
Sugarcane Bagasse Pyrolysis: Investigating the Effect of Process Parameters on the Product Yields.
Authors: Saif Ahmed Gaber H. , Ali Mohamed R. O. , Wahid Seddik S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The objective of the present work is to investigate the pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse in a semi-batch reactor and study the effect of process parameters of pyrolysis on the products yield to determine optimum parameters for maximum bio-oil production. Parameters of the pyrolysis process such as temperature, particle size of sugarcane bagasse and flow rate of nitrogen (N2) have been varied as 350–600 ºC, 0.25–2 mm and 100–500 cm3/min, respectively. According to the various pyrolysis conditions applied in the experimental studies, the obtained oil, char and gas yields ranged between 38 and 45 wt%, 24 and 36 wt%, and 23 and 37 wt%, respectively. The maximum pyrolysis bio-oil yield of 45 wt% was achieved at temperature of 500 ºC, particle size of 0.5 -1 mm with nitrogen(N2) flow rate of 200 cm3/min. Based on the results captured under this study's pyrolysis conditions, temperature is considered to be the most important parameter for product distribution. As the increases of the pyrolysis temperature the bio-char yield decreased and increase of gas yield. The bio-oil yield increases with increasing the temperature, reaches a maximum value at about 500 ºC and reduces thereafter at higher temperature is expected due to secondary cracking reactions of the volatiles, which results produce a higher gaseous yield.
Idiographic analyses of motivation and related processes in participants with schizophrenia following a therapeutic intervention for negative symptoms
Authors: Thonon Bénédicte , Aubel Evelyne Van , Lafit Ginette , Libera Clara Della , Laroi Frank 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Motivational negative symptoms hinder quality of life and daily functioning of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A recently developed intervention, Switch, has shown promising effects on negative symptoms and functional outcomes. Switch targets multiple cognitive, emotional and behavioural processes associated with motivation and goal directed behaviours. We aimed to investigate its effects on motivation and associated processes and explore the dynamics between the processes.
Methods
We used a single case approach (n = 3), with a pre-post and follow-up assessment design, which also included ambulatory assessments (experience sampling method, ESM; and step count). We computed autoregressive lag 1 models to evaluate the effects of the intervention on daily motivation levels and related processes, descriptive pie-charts, and vector autoregressive modelling to reveal the dynamics of the processes over time.
Results
The intervention was beneficial for each participant according to traditional evaluations of motivational negative symptoms, apathy, daily functioning and quality of life. The effects on the ESM variables revealed distinct outcomes for each individual. The dynamics between the various processes differed between participants, and fluctuated within participants (when comparing baseline, intervention phase, and follow-up).
Conclusions
This study used an innovative approach to look at the efficacy of an intervention. The intervention seems to lead to significant improvements. The mechanisms of change need to be further investigated.
Trial registration number:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04325100. Registered 27 March 27, 2020 -retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04325100
Reporting:
Guidelines from the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Non-randomized Designs (TREND) statement [1] were followed.
Risk factors of heart failure among patients with hypertension attending a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria: The RISK-HHF case-control study
Authors: Oguntade Ayodipupo Sikiru , Ajayi IkeOluwapo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Hypertension is the leading cause of heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa. Preventive public health approach to reduce the scourge of HF must seek to understand the risk factors of heart failure in at risk populations. The aim of this study was to characterize the modifiable risk factors of HF among patients with hypertension attending a cardiology clinic. Methods: One hundred and one (101) case-control age- and sex-matched pairs were recruited. The study population were adults with a clinical diagnosis of hypertensive heart failure (cases) and hypertension. They were interviewed and evaluated for modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Associations between variables were tested with McNemar’s chi square test and paired sample t test as appropriate. Conditional logistic regression modelling was used to determine the risk factors of HF in the study population while ‘punafcc’ package in stata15 was used to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of risk factors. Results: Low education attainment ( aOR: 2.38, 95% CI: 0.91-6.20; PAF: 21.1%, 95% CI: 5.1-34.5 ) showed borderline association with HF while alcohol consumption (aOR: 10.40, 95% CI: 2.30-47.04; PAF: 33.5%, 95% CI: 21.6-43.6) and suboptimal medication adherence (aOR: 7.00, 95% CI: 2.31-21.26; PAF: 69.7%, 95% CI: 59.4-77.4) were strong risk factors for HF even after adjustment for other modifiable risk factors. These three dominant risk factors accounted for 89% of the PAF of HF. Dietary factors were not significantly associated with HF risk in adjusted analyses. Conclusions: The risk factors for heart failure in hypertensive patients are largely modiﬁable. Public health interventions and preventive cardiovascular care to improve medication adherence and reduce alcohol consumption among patients with hypertension are recommended.
The Association Between Alcohol and Dysmenorrhea in University Students in North China
Authors: Yang Zhuo , Guo Jia , Sun Ming-li , He Qin-cheng , Ma Ya-Nan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Evidence supporting the definitive effect of alcohol consumption on dysmenorrhea has been sparse. The current study was aim to evaluate the relationship between alcohol consumption and dysmenorrhea among age-stratified female college students in northern China.Methods A total of 3692 female college students were included in this cross-sectional study. The logical regression model was performed to evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and primary dysmenorrhea. The model adjusted for confounding factors such as age and body mass index, and estimated the odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs).Results Multivariable-adjusted models showed the analysis stratified by age at menarche (AAM) revealed that the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in participants with AAM < 13 years old (67.2%) was significantly higher than that in participants with AAM ≥13 years old (61.3%) (P = 0.003). Alcohol consumption showed a dose-response relationship with dysmenorrhea in participants with AAM ≥13 years old.Conclusion Our findings showed AAM modified the association of alcohol consumption with primary dysmenorrhea among female university students in North China.
Optimal Generation Expansion Planning Model of a Combined Thermal-wind-PV Power System Considering Multiple Boundary Conditions: A Case Study in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Li Yu , Dai Mei , Hao Songtao , Qiu Gang , Li Guoqing , Xiao Guilian , Liu Dagui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The scarcity of fossil fuels and their high emissions impact on the environment have forced the rapid development of renewable energy. Wind and photovoltaic power play a more and more important role in today's power system because of their clean and renewable characteristics. However, with the large-scale grid connection of wind and photovoltaic power, the contradiction between renewable energy and thermal power is becoming more and more serious. The unreasonable planning of power generation resources has also caused a lot of waste of electric power.Methods To solve this problem, this paper comprehensively considers the construction and operation costs of power plants, and constructs an optimal generation expansion planning model of a combined thermal-wind-PV power system with the objective of minimizing total cost. The planning is calculated under the boundary conditions of ensuring the safe operation of the power grid and taking into account the share requirement, utilization requirements and construction requirements for renewable energy. The model is applied to the self-use and external power plants in Xinjiang.Results The results show that this generation expansion plan can reduce the total cost of the power plants while ensuring the load demand. The renewable energy has also received more consumption share and its abandonment rate has dropped significantly. Numerical examples show that the optimization model has good applicability.Conclusion The proposed optimization model can realize the coordinated development of three types of power sources under multiple boundary conditions, which can not only guarantee the economy of power construction, but also take into account the optimization of environmental benefits. Reasonable generation expansion planning can improve energy efficiency, achieve clean and low carbon in the process of power generation, and promote the sustainable development of society.
Analysis of Salmonella enterica Enteritidis isolates from chicken and chicken meat products using PFGE, and MLST
Authors: Zakaria Zunita , Hassan Latiffah , Sharif Zawiyah , Ahmad Norazah , Ali Rohaya Mohd , Husin Suraya Amir , Hazis Nor Hazrin binti Abd , Sohaimi Norfitriah , Bakar Shafini Abu , Garba Bashiru 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSalmonella is a very important food-borne pathogen causing illness in humans. The emergence of drug-resistant strains also constitutes a serious worry to global health and livestock productivity. This study investigated Salmonella isolates from poultry and poultry products using the phenotypic antimicrobial screening as well as the molecular characteristics of Salmonella isolates. Upon serotyping of the isolates, the antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using a panel of 9 commonly used antimicrobials was done. Subsequently, the molecular profiles of all the isolates were further determined using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and the Whole Genome Multi-Locus Sequence Type (wgMLST) analysis in order to obtain the sequence types. ResultsThe PFGE data was input into FPQuest software, and the dendrogram generated was studied for possible genetic relatedness among the isolates. All the isolates were found to belong to the S. Enteritidis serotype with notable resistance to tetracycline, gentamycin, streptomycin, and sulfadimidine. The S. Enteritidis isolates tested predominantly subtyped into the ST11 and ST1925, which was found to be a single cell variant of ST11. The STs were found to occur in chicken meat, food, and live chicken cloacal swab, which may indicate the persistence of the bacteria in multiple foci. ConclusionThe data demonstrate the presence of S. Enteritidis among chicken, indicating its preference and reservoir status for enteric salmonella pathogens.
Effects of RORγt overexpression on the murine central nervous system
Authors: Sasaki Tetsuya , Nagata Rei , Takahashi Satoru , Takei Yosuke 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective T-helper 17 (Th17) cells are a subset of CD4 + T cells that produce interleukin (IL)-17A. Recent studies showed that an increase in circulating IL-17A causes cognitive dysfunction, although it is unknown how increased systemic IL-17A affects brain function. Using transgenic mice overexpressing RORγt, a transcription factor essential for differentiation of Th17 cells (RORγt Tg mice), we examined changes in the brain caused by chronically increased IL-17A resulting from excessive activation of Th17 cells. Results RORγt Tg mice exhibited elevated Rorc and IL-17A mRNA expression in the colon, as well as a chronic increase in circulating IL-17A. We found that the immunoreactivity of Iba1 and density of microglia were lower in the dentate gyrus of RORγt Tg mice compared with wild-type mice. However, GFAP + astrocytes were unchanged in the hippocampi of RORγt Tg mice. Levels of synaptic proteins were not significantly different between RORγt Tg and wild-type mouse brains. In addition, novel object location test results indicated no difference in preference between these mice. Our findings indicate that a continuous increase of IL-17A in response to RORγt overexpression resulted in decreased microglia activity in the dentate gyrus, but had only a subtle effect on murine hippocampal functions.
Intensive Functional Neurorehabilitation and Follow-up of 84 Paraplegic Dogs Affected by Intervertebral Disc Disease
Authors: Martins Ângela Rocha , Gouveia Débora , Cardoso Ana , Viegas Inês , Millis Darryl , Ferreira António 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe objectives of this study were to verify whether the functionality obtained with functional neurorehabilitation intensive protocols (FNRIP) improve ambulation, promoting a new therapeutic approach, and understand the expected time for functional recovery. Furthermore, to know whether “spinal reflex” locomotion could be a functional locomotory pattern, which may improve the quality of life.A controlled prospective clinical study using a large cohort of 84 dogs comprising mostly chondrodystrophic-breeds. The dogs were diagnosed with T10-L3 Hansen Type I, using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, and treated with hemilaminectomy. All had postsurgical neurological stage 0 or 1, according to the Open Field Score (OFS), and showed either an absent or decreased flexor peripheral reflex. All patients were subjected to FNRIP within a maximum of 3 months, data were recorded on days 1,3,7,15,30,45,60,75, 90 and patients were followed-up after 8-10 days, at 1 and 6 months, and in some cases, after 1 and 2 years. ResultsFifty-one dogs were admitted with an OFS of 1 and were discharged with an OFS of 13 (100% functionality). Of the 29 dogs that were admitted with an OFS 0, 16 were discharged (55%) in an ambulatory state, of which six dogs recovered deep pain perception (DPP) after 4 weeks, and 10 showed functional “spinal reflex” locomotion. 79.3% of these dogs achieved autonomous miction. The results were time-limited, as they were recorded within 2 to 3 months, with follow-up until 6 months. A pattern of sustained functional “spinal reflex” locomotion was observed in 30% of the dogs observed over 2 years.ConclusionsThe FNRIP are viable to regain independence and quality of life in paraplegic dogs with/without DPP, secondary to acute Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD).