bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ordered ATP hydrolysis in the Hsp90 chaperone is regulated by Aha1 and a conserved post‐translational modification
Authors: Amoah Desmond Prah , Hussein Solomon K. , Johnson Jill L. , LaPointe Paul 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHsp90 is a dimeric molecular chaperone that is important for the folding, stabilization, activation, and maturation of hundreds of protein substrates called “clients” in cells. Dozens of co‐chaperones and hundreds of post‐translational modifications (PTMs) regulate the ATP‐dependent client activation cycle. The Aha1 co‐chaperone is the most potent stimulator of the ATPase cycle of Hsp90 and phosphorylation of threonine 22 in Hsp90 can regulate the recruitment of Aha1 in cells. We report here that phosphorylation of threonine 22 regulates specific aspects of Aha1 function after recruitment occurs. The phosphomimetic substitution, T22E, neutralizes the action of the Aha1 NxNNWHW motif. Moreover, this substitution can exert this effect from only one protomer of the Hsp90 dimer. This work sheds light on how asymmetric modifications in the Hsp90 dimer can functionalize individual protomers and fine‐tune the Hsp90 cycle.
Ellagitannin Component Punicalin Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation via the Inhibition of cGAS‐STING Signaling in the Brain of an Aging Mouse Model
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhang Zhongyuan , Lei Jiexin , Zhu Jun , Liu Gang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDespite remarkable breakthroughs in pharmacotherapy, many potential therapies for aging remain unexplored. Punicalin (PUN), an ellagitannin component, exerts anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti‐apoptotic effects. This study investigated the beneficial effects of PUN against age‐related brain damage in mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. We validated the protective effects of PUN against D‐galactose (D‐gal)‐induced neuroinflammation and subsequent neuronal damage in BV2 microglia and N2a cells, respectively, in vitro. In vivo experiments were conducted on mice that were administered an 8‐week regimen of intraperitoneal injections of D‐gal at a dosage of 150 mg/kg/day, concurrently with oral gavage of PUN at the same dose. PUN inhibited the production of D‐gal‐induced inflammatory cytokines (iNOS, COX2, TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐2, and IL‐1β) in BV2 cells and conferred protection to N2a cells against synaptic damage mediated by BV2 microglia‐induced neuroinflammation. The in vivo findings revealed that PUN considerably improved memory and learning deficits, reduced MDA levels, enhanced GSH‐Px, CAT, and SOD activities, and modulated the expression of inflammatory proteins such as iNOS, COX‐2, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. Furthermore, PUN inhibited the secretion of SASP factors (ICAM‐1, PAI‐1, MMP‐3, and MMP‐9), decreased microglial activation, and reduced astrocytosis. Additionally, PUN suppressed the expression of cGAS, p‐STING, p‐TBK1, p‐p65, and p‐IRF3 in aging mouse brains and cultured BV2 microglia. In conclusion, PUN improved cognitive dysfunction in aging mice through antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms via inhibition of the cGAS‐STING pathway, suggesting that it can be a promising therapeutic agent for brain aging and aging‐related diseases.
Assessment of endoscopic and external approaches for frontal sinus lesions
Authors: Abouammo Moataz D. , Elsherif Hossam S. , Mansour Medhat M. H. , Saafan Magdy E. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Abdelaziz Mahmoud F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe use of endoscopic approaches has revolutionized the management of frontal sinus (FS) lesions. However, external approaches still play a significant role in select conditions. Various factors determine the decision to utilize endoscopic or external approaches such as the lesion location, extension, and patient's characteristics. The study aims to define certain FS indices for accurate selection of the most suitable approach for each patient.MethodsA descriptive study was performed, based on endoscopic and external cadaveric dissections. Quantitative analyses including horizontal, anteroposterior diameters, and exposure area were performed for each approach using the navigation system. Patients with various FS lesions were included and their data were collected and evaluated.ResultsFifteen cadavers were analyzed. The average anteroposterior diameter on the midsagittal plane was 12.3 mm, distance from the midline to the lateralmost point was 21.8 mm on the right and 23.1 mm on the left side. The exposure area on the right side for Draf Ⅱa, and Draf Ⅱb were 64.6, 115.0 mm2 while on the left side were 67.0, 125.0 mm2. For Draf Ⅲ, the exposure area was 377.0 mm2. A total of 41 patients were included in the clinical correlation.ConclusionsFS with a narrow anteroposterior diameter and longer horizontal diameter are difficult to access endoscopically, especially for lesions affecting the lateral recess of the sinus, and may require a combination with an external approach. FS approaches can be selected according to the sinus morphology of each patient, the surgeon's preferences, institutional resources, and the lesion's nature and extension.
LARES-2 contribution to global geodetic parameters from the combined LAGEOS-LARES solutions
Authors: Sośnica K. , Gałdyn F. , Zajdel R. , Strugarek D. , Najder J. , Nowak A. , Mikoś M. , Kur T. , Bosy J. , Bury G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
LARES-2 is a new geodetic satellite designed for high-accuracy satellite laser ranging. The orbit altitude of LARES-2 is similar to that of LAGEOS-1, whereas the inclination angle of 70° complements the LAGEOS-1 inclination of 110°; hence, both satellites form the butterfly configuration for the verification of the Lense–Thirring effect. Although the major objective of LARES-2 is testing general relativity, LARES-2 substantially contributes to geodesy in terms of the realization of terrestrial reference frames, recovery of the geocenter motion, pole coordinates, length-of-day, and low-degree gravity field coefficients. We analyze the first 1.5 years of LARES-2 data and test different empirical orbit models for LARES-2 with and without co-estimating low-degree gravity field coefficients to find the best combination strategy with LAGEOS satellites. We found that LARES-2 orbit determination is more accurate than that of LAGEOS-1/2 due to a different satellite construction consisting of a solid sphere with no inner structure. Neither the correction for D
0 nor the empirical once-per-revolution along-track accelerations S
C/S
S have to be estimated for LARES-2 when co-estimating gravity field coefficients. The only empirical parameter needed for LARES-2 is the constant along-track acceleration S
0 to compensate for the Yarkovsky–Schach effect. On the contrary, for LAGEOS-1/2, the non-gravitational perturbations affect C
30 and Z geocenter estimates when once-per-revolution parameters are not estimated. LARES-2 does not face this issue. LARES-2 improves the formal errors of the Z geocenter component by up to 59% and C
20 by up to 40% compared to the combined LAGEOS-1/2 solutions and provides C
30 estimates unaffected by thermal orbit modeling issues.
Machine Learning—Supported Geotechnical Interpretation of Rock Slopes at the Zentrum Am Berg (ZaB) Using SAM
Authors: Forstner Jan Karl , Amtmann Johannes , Kink Daniela , Villeneuve Marlene 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Segment Anything Model (SAM) introduces advanced transformer-based capabilities for geological image segmentation. While traditional geoscience applications rely on machine learning models like random forests and support vector machines, SAM’s attention mechanisms enable it to adapt to image data. This contribution evaluates SAM’s performance in segmenting rock outcrop images into three geological classes, using ground truth masks as references. Segmentation accuracy was assessed via intersection over union (IoU) scores across prompt types, including points and bounding boxes. A combination of bounding box and mask prompts provided the best results, particularly for large, distinct textures. Initial findings indicate SAM’s potential in geological segmentation, though further prompt refinement and expanded datasets are needed to address rock heterogeneity. Future work will focus on fine-tuning SAM for complex textures and integrating Laserscan-derived data for quantitative validation. This contribution underscores SAM’s promise in advancing automated geological segmentation applications.
Examining the role of smoking on clinical outcomes after arthroscopic surgery of the hip: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anaspure Omkar S. , Patel Shiv , Baumann Anthony N. , Lenz Theodor , Pascual-Leone Nicolas , Anastasio Albert T. , Lau Brian C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study evaluates the impact of smoking on clinical outcomes following hip arthroscopy (HA) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis queried PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and CINAHL from inception to April 30, 2024, for articles related to smoking and HA outcomes. A random-effects model meta-analysis using relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals was performed to compare smokers and nonsmokers for conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) and revision hip arthroscopy (RHA).

Results
Twenty observational studies (n = 115,203 patients; 66.95% female; mean age: 36.93 ± 6.53 years; mean follow-up: 22.10 ± 7.56 months) were included. Nine studies investigated smoking and conversion to THA, six examined smoking and RHA, eight assessed smoking and postoperative patient-reported outcomes, and eight evaluated smoking and postoperative complications. Regarding conversion to THA, 5 studies (55.56%) found a significant association, while 4 (44.44%) did not. Meta-analysis from four studies found no significant association between smoking and THA conversion (p = 0.48, OR: 1.02; 95% CI: [0.98–1.06]) or smoking and RHA (p = 0.305, OR: 1.00; 95% CI: [0.97–1.03]). Only 2 studies (33.33%) found a significant association between smoking and RHA, whereas four did not. Six studies found smoking significantly implicated in complications such as HA failure, increased opioid use, infection risk, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). THA conversion rates were 6.54% (n = 14/214) among smokers versus 3.57% (n = 13/364) among nonsmokers.

Conclusion
This study found no statistically significant association between smoking and THA conversion, though smokers were observed to experience higher conversion rates overall. Similarly, no significant association was observed for smoking and RHA at 2-year follow-up. However, trends suggest that smokers experience greater risks of adverse outcomes, particularly VTE and HA failure, which should be considered in clinical decision-making.

Level of Evidence
Level III
An arbitrary waveform neurostimulator for preclinical studies: design and verification
Authors: Guzman-Miranda Hipolito , Barriga-Rivera Alejandro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNeural electrostimulation has enabled different therapies to treat a number of health problems. For example, the cochlear implant allows for recovering the hearing function and deep brain electrostimulation has been proved to reduce tremor in Parkinson’s disease. Other approaches such as retinal prostheses are progressing rapidly, as researchers continue to investigate new strategies to activate targeted neurons more precisely. The use of arbitrary current waveform electrosimulation is a promising technique that allows exploiting the differences that exist among different neural types to enable preferential activation. This work presents a two-channel arbitrary waveform neurostimulator designed for visual prosthetics research. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) was employed to control and generate voltage waveforms via digital-to-analog converters. Voltage waveforms were then electrically isolated and converted to current waveforms using a modified Howland amplifier. Shorting of the electrodes was provided using multiplexers. The FPGA gateware was verified to a high level of confidence using a transaction-level modeled testbench, achieving a line coverage of 91.4%. The complete system was tested in saline using silver electrodes with diameters from 200 to 1000 µm. The bandwidth obtained was 30 kHz with voltage compliance ± 15 V. The neurostimulator can be easily scaled up using the provided in/out trigger ports and adapted to other applications with minor modifications.
Graphical Abstract
Experimental Evaluation of Brick Unreinforced Masonry Wall Out-of-Plane Capacity and Modeling Using the Yield Line Method
Authors: Osorio Fernando A. , Baena Jose F. , Jaramillo Juan D. , Acevedo Ana B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a theoretical model to estimate the out-of-plane (OOP) force capacity of brick unreinforced masonry (URM) walls with strong units and weak joints by applying virtual work and yield line theories for homogeneous plates. The OOP force capacity of the wall was assessed by considering mechanical properties, support conditions, external axial load, and self-weight load. The ultimate vertical and horizontal moments were calculated according to displacement and force models, respectively, developed in previous works. These models consider wall and brick geometry, shear and compression stresses in the joint–brick interface, and support conditions of the wall. The theoretical model presented herein combines the previous models while adding the tensile strength ($${f}_{mt}$$

f

mt

) of the mortar and assuming elastoplastic behavior of the ultimate moments in both directions. The proposed model constitutes a useful tool to assess the OOP force capacity of brick URM walls with one-way and two-way bending configurations. This paper presents results from experimental shaking table tests and test results from previously published works to validate the proposed model. The comparison between experimental and theoretical results revealed that the developed model predicts the OOP capacity if the appropriate information is available.
Jüdischer Religionsunterricht in Deutschland – Eine Bestandsaufnahme jüdischer Erziehung im Spannungsfeld von Religion, Säkularisierung und Verstaatlichung
Authors: Anusiewicz-Baer Sandra 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Einführung eines jüdischen Religionsunterrichts an staatlichen Schulen im zweiten Drittel des 19. Jahrhunderts war Ergebnis gesellschaftlicher und infolgedessen rechtlicher Verschiebungen für die jüdische Minderheit in den deutschen Staaten. Zu dieser Zeit waren zwei Entwicklungen wesentlich: eine von außen geforderte „Konfessionalisierung“ des Judentums und die schrittweise Auflösung religiöser Bindungen. Wie diese Entwicklungen ihren Niederschlag in den Unterrichtskonzeptionen und der Formulierung der Lernziele bis 1933 gefunden haben, soll die Diskussion um die heutige Gestaltung des jüdischen Religionsunterrichts grundieren. Der Beitrag zeichnet die historische Entwicklung des jüdischen Religionsunterrichts in Deutschland nach, wobei insbesondere die aktuellen Herausforderungen für einen solchen Unterricht in einer mehrheitlich säkularen Gesellschaft diskutiert werden. Folgende Leitfragen dienen der Analyse: Welche Erziehungsaufgabe soll jüdischer Religionsunterricht heute erfüllen, angesichts dessen, dass die Mehrheit der jüdischen Schüler*innen sich nicht religiös verorten? Ist jüdischer Religionsunterricht Ausdruck der Anerkennung jüdischer Partikularität oder wird Judentum staatlicherseits auf einen (wie auch immer definierten) Religionsbegriff reduziert? Was sagt die Existenz eines jüdischen Religionsunterrichts über den Status von Jüdinnen und Juden in der heutigen Gesellschaft aus? Um jüdischen Religionsunterricht anschlussfähig an die gegenwärtigen Bedingungen jüdischen Lebens in Deutschland zu machen, braucht es mehr empirische Bildungsforschung und eine Entgrenzung des Unterrichts: von jüdischem Religionsunterricht zu Jewish Education.
Quaternary ammonium salt functionalized copper phthalocyanine-graphene oxide hybrids for cocatalyst-free carbon dioxide cycloaddition
Authors: Wang Lingling , Feng Zhihua , Hou Qingqing , Dang Zhangting , Yu Yue , Yang Cui , Tang Bo , Zhou Qiucheng , Hua Xiufu , Wei Renbo , Liu Terence X. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into high-value products not only enhances environmental sustainability but also presents economic benefits. The development of novel and effective catalysts is crucial for facilitating the conversion of CO2 and the synthesis of these chemicals. In this study, we present the preparation of an ionic liquid-functionalized graphene oxide and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) hybrid (GO-CuPc-IL). This was achieved through the chemical grafting of phthalonitrile groups and quaternary ammonium salts onto graphene oxide (GO), followed by in situ polymerization with phloroglucinol triphenyldinitrile. This hybrid catalyst was employed to catalyze the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with epoxides under mild conditions. A series of analytical techniques confirmed the successful synthesis of the GO-CuPc-IL. The presence of abundant hydrogen bond donor groups (urea groups), Lewis acidic sites (coordinated copper rings), phthalocyanine rings, and numerous ionic active sites within the GO-CuPc-IL significantly facilitated the activation of reactants, enabling an efficient cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epoxides. Notably, with 3.0 wt% of GO-CuPc-IL, the reaction achieved a yield of 98% and a selectivity of 99% at 1.5 MPa CO2 and 100 °C for 8 h, along with remarkable stability and reusability. This innovative hybrid catalyst promotes the simultaneous adsorption and activation of CO2 and epoxide by immobilizing multiple functional groups on the catalyst support, providing new avenues for sustainable CO2 conversion.
Effect Analysis of Motor Power Characteristics on the Energy Consumption of Dual Motor Driven Powertrain for Electric Tractor
Authors: Kwon Doyeop , Ahn Da-Vin , Kim Jeong-Gil , Park Young-Jun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The development of electric tractors is essential for sustainable agriculture. However, most research on electric tractor powertrain has primarily focused on powertrain configuration or control algorithms, with little attention given to the characteristics of the motors or providing a rationale for motor selection. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of motor power characteristics on the energy consumption of an electric tractor powertrain.

Methods
To analyze the energy consumption of the powertrain, a simulation model of a dual-motor torque coupling powertrain (DMTCP) was developed. Four different types of motors with varying efficiency distributions were selected for comparison. The energy consumption during plow operation was then analyzed by varying the motor types within the DMTCP.

Results
The simulation results revealed that among the four motor types, those with higher efficiency in the low-speed region below the rated speed resulted in the lowest energy consumption, with up to 7.9% less energy consumption compared to other motor types.

Conclusion
This study compared the energy consumption of powertrain based on the power characteristics of different motors. The simulation results confirmed that motor power characteristics have a significant impact on powertrain energy consumption. This finding underscores the importance of considering motor characteristics in addition to powertrain configuration and control algorithms to achieve an optimality of system when designing electric tractor powertrains.
Villa and Palace in the Venetian Renaissance
Authors: Heinrichs Johanna D. 
Published: December 2024

Designed by Andrea Palladio, the Villa Pisani at Montagnana was the country residence of a Venetian nobleman, Francesco Pisani. Unusually, its design combines features of both villa and palace architecture, and it challenges the conventional view of a villa as subsidiary to the urban palace, the true seat of an elite family. In this book, Johanna D. Heinrichs offers the first comprehensive study of the Villa Pisani, providing a critical analysis of Palladio's hybrid design, the villa's original setting and uses, and the preoccupations of its patron. Heinrichs argues that the Villa Pisani served as the owner's principal residence. She also shows how a microhistorical approach can provide new insights about a familiar Renaissance building type and about the theory and practice of a canonical architect. Based on scrutiny of original documents and visual sources, Heinrichs's study is supported by a rich illustration program composed of photographs, plans, maps, and digital reconstructions.
Fundamentals of Laser Spectroscopy for Atoms and Diatomic Molecules
Authors: Lucht Robert P. 
Published: December 2024

For the engineer or scientist using spectroscopic laser diagnostics to investigate gas-phase media or plasmas, this book is an excellent resource for gaining a deeper understanding of the physics of radiative transitions. While a background in quantum mechanics is beneficial, the book presents a comprehensive review of the relevant aspects, extensively covering atomic and molecular structure alongside radiative transitions. The author employs effective Hamiltonians and Hund's case (a) basis wavefunctions to develop the energy level structure of diatomic molecules. These techniques also form the basis for treating radiative transitions in diatomic molecules. Recent advancements in quantum chemistry, enabling readers to calculate absolute single-photon and Raman transition strengths, are also presented. Illustrated with detailed example calculations of molecular structure and transition rates, this self-contained reference for spectroscopic data analysis will appeal to professionals in mechanical, aerospace, and chemical engineering, and in applied physics and chemistry.
Hierarchical Inconsistency Among Family-Member Top Leaders and Nonfamily Executives' Compensation Levels: Evidence from Chinese Family Firms
Authors: Guo Yidi , Deng Zhangxuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, we propose hierarchical inconsistency among family-member top leaders as a novel structural reason for nonfamily executives' high compensation in family firms. Hierarchical inconsistency among family-member top leaders is observed when the head in the formal business hierarchy is not ranked the highest among family-member executives and directors in the informal family hierarchy. We argue that this structure triggers contestations between the heads of the two hierarchies, adding complexity and challenges to nonfamily executives' jobs. Family firms with hierarchical inconsistency among family-member top leaders need to offer higher compensation to make up for the demanding features of these professional managers' work. The positive relationship between hierarchical inconsistency and nonfamily executives' compensation is weaker when the proportion of female family-member executives and directors is high and when the formal head's tenure is long. We use data from publicly listed family firms in China to test our arguments. Our study contributes to family business research by suggesting how the interplay between family relationships and formal organizational structures influences job features and compensation decisions.