bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived livelihood impacts and adaptation of vegetable farmers to climate variability and change in selected sites from Ghana, Uganda and Nigeria
Authors: Fadairo Olushola , Williams Portia Adade , Nalwanga Faridah Sendagire 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the wake of deepened situations of changing climate, a clear understanding of the perceived impacts and adaptation of climate variability and change on livelihoods of vegetable farmers in Western and Eastern Africa, which is not readily available, is critical for sustainable vegetable production in Africa. Development planning for climate change vulnerability and adaptation assessment was utilised in the study. Using multi-stage sampling procedure, 193 vegetable farmers in selected sites prominent for vegetable production from Uganda, Ghana and Nigeria were used. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and linear regression at α0.05. Awareness of climate variability and change was high among most respondents from the three countries, but highest among respondents from Uganda (78.3%). Awareness was highest for long dry spell ($$\bar{x}$$

x

¯

= 1.90) and drought ($$\bar{x}$$

x

¯

= 1.81) and lowest for harmful gas emissions ($$\bar{x}$$

x

¯

= 0.76). Changes in climate variability and trends were perceived to be highest in terms of flood volume/damage caused by flood to farmlands in Nigeria ($$\bar{x}$$

x

¯

= 3.85) and Uganda ($$\bar{x}$$

x

¯

= 5.0), but in terms of increased temperature for Ghana ($$\bar{x}$$

x

¯

= 4.93). Impact of climate-related changes on vegetable farming was high in Ghana (98.3%) and Nigeria (46.6%) but low in Uganda (5.0%). Awareness (β = 0.14), perception (β = 0.15) use of adaptation strategies (β = 0.10) and household size (β = − 0.19) predicted change in perceived impact of climate variability among vegetable farmers. Vegetable farmers in Nigeria, Ghana and Uganda are affected differently by climate variability. Farmers in these countries also have different priorities for adaptation strategies. Locality-specific climate adaptation strategies would help ease farmers burden due to climate change.
Nurturing innovation and creativity in educational practice: principles for supporting faculty peer learning through campus design
Authors: Winks Lewis , Green Nicholas , Dyer Sarah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
While much work has focused on pedagogical innovation processes within universities, less has been said of the processes and cultures which foster and give rise to creativity within higher education and the ways in which faculty members are encouraged to develop their pedagogy across disciplines and within their departments. This paper examines the ways campus spaces at a UK university are utilised by staff for peer learning and the barriers and affordances for innovation and creativity in educational practice. Utilising an interdisciplinary design, this paper suggests that the various spaces available to university teaching staff are able to be further utilised to support creative practice and peer learning, presented as four design principles: innovation happens in everyday spaces, communal spaces need social functions, forums have different scales, and collaborative spaces require a collective culture. The normalising of a culture of innovation requires both physical and behavioural adjustments to the use of space, suggesting that both faculty and institutions need to work together to reimagine spaces for faculty peer learning.
Screening of triploid with low-coverage whole-genome sequencing by a single-nucleotide polymorphism-based test in miscarriage tissue
Authors: Geng Qian , Cui Xiaoli , Zhang Yaqi , Zhang Lijuan , Zhang Cai , Wang Kai , Chen Jianguo , Zhu Qingyan , Xie Jiansheng , Xu Zhiyong , Liu Yang , Zhang MengMeng , Ding Lijie , Zhang Wenyong , Yang Chuanchun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To establish a single-nucleotide polymorphism-based analysis (SBA) method to identify triploidy in the miscarriage tissue by using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (LC-WGS).

Methods
The method was established by fitting a quadratic curve model by counting the distribution of three heterozygous mutation content intervals. The triploid test result was mainly determined by the opening direction and the axis of symmetry of the quadratic curve, and Z test between the same batch samples was also used for auxiliary judgment.

Results
Two hundred thirteen diploid samples and 8 triploid samples were used for establishment of the analytical method and 203 unknown samples were used for blind testing. In the blind testing, we found 2 cases positive for triploidy. After chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) and mass spectrometry verification, we found that both samples were true positives. We randomly selected 5 samples from the negative samples for mass spectrometry verification, and the results showed that these samples were all true negatives.

Conclusions
Our method achieved accurate detection of triploidy in the miscarriage tissue and has the potential to detect more chromosomal abnormality types such as uniparental disomy (UPD) using a single LC-WGS approach.
Insights into postoperative respiration by using continuous wireless monitoring of respiratory rate on the postoperative ward: a cohort study
Authors: Posthuma Linda M. , Visscher Maarten J. , Lirk Philipp B. , van Dijkum Els J. M. Nieveen , Hollmann Markus W. , Preckel Benedikt 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChange of respiratory rate (RespR) is the most powerful predictor of clinical deterioration. Brady- (RespR ≤ 8) and tachypnea (RespR ≥ 31) are associated with serious adverse events. Simultaneously, RespR is the least accurately measured vital parameter. We investigated the feasibility of continuously measuring RespR on the ward using wireless monitoring equipment, without impeding mobilization. Continuous monitoring of vital parameters using a wireless SensiumVitals® patch was installed and RespR was measured every 2 mins. We defined feasibility of adequate RespR monitoring if the system reports valid RespR measurements in at least 50% of time-points in more than 80% of patients during day- and night-time, respectively. Data from 119 patients were analysed. The patch detected in 171,151 of 227,587 measurements valid data for RespR (75.2%). During postoperative day and night four, the system still registered 68% and 78% valid measurements, respectively. 88% of the patients had more than 67% of valid RespR measurements. The RespR’s most frequently measured were 13–15; median RespR was 15 (mean 16, 25th- and 75th percentile 13 and 19). No serious complications or side effects were observed. We successfully measured electronically RespR on a surgical ward in postoperative patients continuously for up to 4 days post-operatively using a wireless monitoring system. While previous studies mentioned a digit preference of 18–22 for RespR, the most frequently measured RespR were 13–16. However, in the present study we did not validate the measurements against a reference method. Rather, we attempted to demonstrate the feasibility of achieving continuous wireless measurement in patients on surgical postoperative wards. As the technology used is based on impedance pneumography, obstructive apnoea might have been missed, namely in those patients receiving opioids post-operatively.
The Mimicry Among Us: Intra- and Inter-Personal Mechanisms of Spontaneous Mimicry
Authors: Arnold Andrew J. , Winkielman Piotr 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis review explores spontaneous mimicry in the context of three questions. The first question concerns the role of spontaneous mimicry in processing conceptual information. The second question concerns the debate whether spontaneous mimicry is driven by simple associative processes or reflects higher-order processes such as goals, intentions, and social context. The third question addresses the implications of these debates for understanding atypical individuals and states. We review relevant literature and argue for a dynamic, context-sensitive role of spontaneous mimicry in social cognition and behavior. We highlight how the modulation of mimicry is often adaptive but also point out some cases of maladaptive modulations that impair an individuals’ engagement in social life.
Advances in Corrosion-Resistant Thermal Spray Coatings for Renewable Energy Power Plants: Part II—Effect of Environment and Outlook
Authors: Sadeghi Esmaeil , Markocsan Nicolaie , Joshi Shrikant 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh-temperature corrosion of critical components such as water walls and superheater tubes in biomass/waste-fired boilers is a major challenge. A dense and defect-free thermal spray coating has been shown to be promising to achieve a high electrical/thermal efficiency in power plants. The field of thermal spraying and quality of coatings have been progressively evolving; therefore, a critical assessment of our understanding of the efficacy of coatings in increasingly aggressive operating environments of the power plants can be highly educative. The effects of composition and microstructure on high-temperature corrosion behavior of the coatings were discussed in the first part of the review. The present paper that is the second part of the review covers the emerging research field of performance assessment of thermal spray coatings in harsh corrosion-prone environments and provides a comprehensive overview of the underlying high-temperature corrosion mechanisms that lead to the damage of exposed coatings. The application of contemporary analytical methods for better understanding of the behavior of corrosion-resistant coatings is also discussed. A discussion based on an exhaustive review of the literature provides an unbiased commentary on the advanced accomplishments and some outstanding issues in the field that warrant further research. An assessment of the current status of the field, the gaps in the scientific understanding, and the research needs for the expansion of thermal spray coatings for high-temperature corrosion applications is also provided.
A systematic review on supplier selection and order allocation problems
Authors: Aouadni Sourour , Aouadni Ismahene , Rebaï Abdelwaheb 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe supplier selection and order allocation are two key strategic decisions in purchasing problem. The review presented in this paper focuses on the supplier selection problems (SSP) and order allocation from year 2000 to 2017 in which a new structure and classification of the existing research streams and the different MCDM methods and mathematical models used for SSP will be presented. The review was examined in three aspects: the summaries of the existing evidence concerning the problems, the identification of gaps in the current research to help determine where further investigation might be needed and positioning new research activities.
Effects of termites growth on litter decomposition: a modeling approach
Authors: Issoufou Abdourhimou amadou , Soumana Idrissa , Maman Garba , Konate Souleymane , Mahamane Ali 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Litter decomposition is a biological process resulting from enzymatic activities of microorganisms and influenced in a variety of ways by activities of termites in semi-arid regions. We presented a general model of the decomposition process from litter to carbon sequestration and nitrogen. We aimed at building a termite population growth model which could deal with one substrate.

Methods
Our model divides the decomposition/growth process at the population level. We put these changes into equations using an analogy with chemical reactions at equilibrium.

Results
Our findings provide evidence that activities of termites can promote the significant activity of microbial decomposers and increase degradation rates of soil organic matter (SOM). Also, termite activity was probably an additional contributor to the difference between fungus-comb chamber and soil environment, in which the fungus-comb compartment was positively related to carbon and nutrients release. According to the developed, observed differences in decomposition rate, changes were strongly affected by the termite communities’ activities in the two types of compartment.

Conclusion
This functional distinction highlights the importance of termites’ activities on microbial activities stimulation through their development featuring their impacts on soil nutrient cycling.
What are people’s experiences of orthorexia nervosa? A qualitative study of online blogs
Authors: Greville-Harris Maddy , Smithson Janet , Karl Anke 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a proposed new eating disorder, used to describe a pathological obsession with healthy or ‘clean’ eating. Although some quantitative research has been carried out in ON, very little qualitative work has been published to date to explore individual experiences of ON. Thus, this study aimed to explore individuals’ personal experiences of ON, as described in online blogs.

Methods
Fifteen women bloggers, who self-identified as having ON, consented for their blog entries to be analysed in this study. Forty pre-existing blog entries describing the first-person experiences of ON were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Three key themes were discussed: (1) initial motivations for a healthier lifestyle, (2) fuelling the problem—social influences, and: (3) when healthy becomes unhealthy. Bloggers described the role of social messages, comparison with others around ideas of ‘healthiness’, as well as confusion around diagnosis as factors influencing their disordered eating. They also described the exacerbating impact of perfectionism and perceived control, as well as a confirmatory cycle of fear and avoidance. For some bloggers, increased physical symptoms in response to feared foods provided confirmation for these fears, further exacerbating food avoidance.

Conclusion
Whilst the debate around the diagnosis of ON continues, these bloggers’ accounts suggest that ON is experienced as a legitimate, debilitating disorder, worthy of clinical and research investigation. This study provides evidence of some of the potential triggers and maintaining factors for this disordered eating style.

Level of evidence
Level V, qualitative descriptive study.
Challenges and perspectives of selenium supplementation in Graves’ disease and orbitopathy
Authors: Bednarczuk Tomasz , Schomburg Lutz 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
This review focuses on the results of prospective randomized clinical trials and the conclusions from respective meta-analyses in order to summarize experiences with adjuvant selenium (Se) supplementation in Graves’ hyperthyroidism and orbitopathy, while identifying ambiguous findings and highlighting important open research issues.

Methods
We searched the PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) through May 31, 2019, for relevant studies.

Results
The available evidence concerning routine use of Se in the treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism remains ambiguous. Results of meta-analyses, including ten RCTs, suggest that adjuvant Se supplementation can enhance the restoration of biochemical euthyroidism. Unfortunately, these results must be judged cautiously owing to several important limitations. Moreover, an in-depth analysis of relevant long-term clinical measures of therapeutic success (such as remission rate after antithyroid drug treatment), besides surrogate markers (for example, hormone or autoantibody concentrations), is generally missing. Based on a single study, Se supplementation is recommended in patients with mild orbitopathy of short duration because it may decrease inflammation and eye-specific symptoms while also achieving a marked improvement in disease-specific quality of life. The effects of Se supplementation on moderate-to-severe orbitopathy remain as yet unknown.

Conclusions
Additional randomized clinical trials with clinically relevant endpoints are urgently needed to further aid in clinical decision-making, including better stratification of Graves’ disease patients, who are most likely to benefit from Se supplementation.
CHURCHILL'S DEFEAT IN DUNDEE, 1922, AND THE DECLINE OF LIBERAL POLITICAL ECONOMY
Authors: TOMLINSON JIM 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article uses Churchill's defeat in Dundee in 1922 to examine the challenges to liberal political economy in Britain posed by the First World War. In particular, the focus is on the impact of the war on reshaping the global division of labour and the difficulties in responding to the domestic consequences of this reshaping. Dundee provides an ideal basis for examining the links between local politics and global economic changes in this period because of the traumatic effects of the war on the city. Dundee depended to an extraordinary extent on one, extremely ‘globalized’, industry – jute – for its employment. All raw jute brought to Dundee came from Bengal, and the markets for its product were scattered all over the world. Moreover, the main competitive threat to the industry came from a much poorer economy (India), so that jute manufacturing was the first major British industry to be significantly affected by low-wage competition. Before 1914, the Liberals combined advocacy of free trade with a significant set of interventions in the labour market and in social welfare, including trade boards. The Dundee case allows us to examine in detail the responses to post-war challenges to these Liberal orthodoxies.
DOCTORS WITH BORDERS: HIERARCHIES OF HUMANITARIANS AND THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR
Authors: Sweis Rania Kassab 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn humanitarian studies, it is typically the white western doctor who stands apart as the cultural prototype or universal figure through which global aid is delivered to vulnerable groups. This article, by contrast, examines the experiences of members of a prominent Syrian-American global medical aid organization. The members of this organization provide life-saving emergency care to millions of Syrians affected by the ongoing civil war, both inside Syria and in surrounding refugee camps. Drawing on over four years (2014–18) of intermittent interviews and observations with these doctors, I suggest that they are positioned precariously within a global “hierarchy of humanitarians” that deems their lives less worthy of mobility and protection than others. In critically analyzing the unequal politics of humanitarianism that exists around the Syrian war, this research complicates our understandings of the givers of global aid, as well as the medical humanitarian encounter itself in times of war.
‘He Causes a Ruckus Wherever He Goes’: Saʿid Muḥammad al-ʿAsali as a missionary of modernism in north-west China
Authors: BROPHY DAVID 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article examines the activities of the Syrian hadith scholar Saʿid Muḥammad al-ʿAsali al-Ṭarabulsi al-Shami (1870–1932?), better known as Shami Damulla, as a window onto the relationship between the Ottoman empire and the Muslims of Xinjiang, or Eastern Turkistan. Scholars of Islam in the Soviet Union have identified al-ʿAsali as an influential figure in Soviet Turkistan in the 1920s, but much remains to be clarified about his formative years, and his multiple sojourns in China prior to the Russian Revolution. Here, I seek to fill some of these gaps by tracing al-ʿAsali's connections to modernist and revivalist scholarly circles in India and the Middle East, his activities in Xinjiang, and the strategies he adopted to insert himself into the relationship between the Ottoman court and China. These strategies were both political and intellectual. While moving within Muslim communities across Eurasia, al-ʿAsali also sought to engage the Chinese tradition on its own terms, authoring a 1905 study of Qing institutions entitledThe Law of China(Qanun al-Sin)—a rare example of intellectual exchange between late-Ottoman Islamic reformism and the revitalized Confucianism of the late Qing. From a diverse range of sources, a picture emerges of a figure much more complicated, though no less controversial, than can be found in existing characterizations of al-ʿAsali.
Electoral Discrimination: The Relationship between Skin Color and Vote Buying in Latin America
Authors: Johnson Marcus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnder what conditions do elections produce racially discriminatory outcomes? This article proposes electoral discrimination as an electoral mechanism for racial marginalization in indigenous and Afro-descendant Latin America. Electoral discrimination occurs when voters are mobilized under differential terms of electoral inclusion based on their observable characteristics. Using the 2010–2014 rounds of the AmericasBarometer and a conjoint experiment, the author finds that skin color is a robust predictor of vote buying across countries in the region with large, visible black and indigenous populations. A significant portion of the relationship between skin color and vote buying is due to the disproportionate impacts of race-neutral targeting criteria on dark-skinned voters. Observed differences in wealth, political and civic engagement, partisanship, political interest, interpersonal trust, and geography together explain a portion of the skin color–client gap, although the individual contribution of each of these factors differs by country. In addition, the author finds an independent relationship between skin color and vote buying over and above these race-neutral factors. The argument and findings in this article speak broadly to the consequences of electoral mobilization in ethnoracially stratified states in Latin America and beyond.
Binocular summation in marmoset lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Belluccini Elissa , Zeater Natalie , Pietersen Alexander N.J. , Eiber Calvin D. , Martin Paul R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In primates and carnivores, the main laminae of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) receive monocular excitatory input in an eye-alternating fashion. There is also evidence that nondominant eye stimulation can reduce responses to dominant eye stimulation and that a subset of LGN cells in the koniocellular (K) layers receives convergent binocular excitatory input from both eyes. What is not known is how the two eye inputs summate in the K layers of LGN. Here, we aimed to answer this question by making extracellular array electrode recordings targeted to K layers in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) LGN, as visual stimuli (flashed 200 ms temporal square-wave pulses or drifting gratings) were presented to each eye independently or to both eyes simultaneously. We found that when the flashed stimulus was presented to both eyes, compared to the dominant eye, the peak firing rate of most cells (61%, 14/23) was reduced. The remainder showed response facilitation (17%) or partial summation (22%). A greater degree of facilitation was seen when the total number of spikes across the stimulus time window (200 ms) rather than peak firing rates was measured. A similar pattern of results was seen for contrast-varying gratings and for small numbers of parvocellular (n = 12) and magnocellular (n = 3) cells recorded. Our findings show that binocular summation in the marmoset LGN is weak and predominantly sublinear in nature.