bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A broad diversity in oxygen affinity to haemoglobin
Authors: Balcerek Björn , Steinach Mathias , Lichti Julia , Maggioni Martina A. , Becker Philipp N. , Labes Robert , Gunga Hanns-Christian , Persson Pontus B. , Fähling Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOxygen affinity to haemoglobin is indicated by the p50 value (pO2 at 50% O2Hb) and critically determines cellular oxygen availability. Although high Hb-O2 affinity can cause tissue hypoxia under conditions of well O2 saturated blood, individual differences in p50 are commonly not considered in clinical routine. Here, we investigated the diversity in Hb-O2 affinity in the context of physiological relevance. Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curves (ODCs) of 60 volunteers (18–40 years, both sexes, either endurance trained or untrained) were measured at rest and after maximum exercise (VO2max) test. At rest, p50 values of all participants ranged over 7 mmHg. For comparison, right shift of ODC after VO2max test, representing the maximal physiological range to release oxygen to the tissue, indicated a p50 difference of up to 10 mmHg. P50 at rest differs significantly between women and men, with women showing lower Hb-O2 affinity that is determined by higher 2,3-BPG and BPGM levels. Regular endurance exercise did not alter baseline Hb-O2 affinity. Thus, p50 diversity is already high at baseline level and needs to be considered under conditions of impaired tissue oxygenation. For fast prediction of Hb-O2 affinity by blood gas analysis, only venous but not capillary blood samples can be recommended.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of chronic shoulder pain after breast cancer surgery: single center, cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Jung Hun , Kim Se Hee , Kim Hae-Rim , Lee Sang-Heon , Yoon So Young , Yang Jung-Hyun , Yoo Young Bum , Park Kyoung Sik , Nam Sang Eun , Hong Semie , Min Hong Ki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChronic shoulder pain is a common complication in breast cancer patients after surgery. Chronic shoulder pain after breast cancer surgery was formerly considered as neuropathic pain, however the pathophysiology including structural damages has not been assessed comprehensively. We hypothesized that the structural change could be one of the cause of shoulder pain after breast cancer surgery and evaluated various ultrasonography findings of the shoulder in breast cancer patients with chronic shoulder pain. Patients who were suffering from chronic shoulder pain on unilateral side for at least 3 months after breast cancer surgery were enrolled from a single tertiary hospital. Demographic and clinical data were collected at the baseline. Articular and adjacent structures of both shoulders (painful and contralateral side) were evaluated by ultrasonography. The ultrasonography findings were compared between painful and contralateral sides. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with abnormal ultrasonography findings. Fifty-two female patients (average age of 55) were enrolled. Significantly more abnormal ultrasonography findings were observed in the painful side than in the contralateral side [39 (75.0%) vs 11 (21.2%), P < 0.001]. The coracohumeral ligament was significantly thicker in the painful side than in the contralateral side (2.48 ± 0.69 vs 1.54 ± 1.25 mm, P < 0.001); adhesive capsulitis was also more frequent in the painful side [14 (26.9%) vs 0, P < 0.001]. Furthermore, patients with a history of breast cancer surgery on the ipsilateral side were associated with abnormal ultrasonography findings and adhesive capsulitis. This study is the first to evaluate ultrasonography in patients with chronic shoulder pain after breast cancer surgery. The results showed that ultrasonography could reveal several structural problems in these patients.
Assessment of long non-coding RNA expression reveals novel mediators of the lung tumour immune response
Authors: Sage Adam P. , Ng Kevin W. , Marshall Erin A. , Stewart Greg L. , Minatel Brenda C. , Enfield Katey S. S. , Martin Spencer D. , Brown Carolyn J. , Abraham Ninan , Lam Wan L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe tumour immune microenvironment is a crucial mediator of lung tumourigenesis, and characterizing the immune landscape of patient tumours may guide immunotherapy treatment regimens and uncover novel intervention points. We sought to identify the landscape of tumour-infiltrating immune cells in the context of long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs), known regulators of gene expression. We examined the lncRNA profiles of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tumours by interrogating RNA sequencing data from microdissected and non-microdissected samples (BCCRC and TCGA). Subsequently, analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from lung tumours and flow-sorted healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified lncRNAs in immune cells, highlighting their biological and prognostic relevance. We discovered lncRNA expression patterns indicative of regulatory relationships with immune-related protein-coding genes, including the relationship between AC008750.1 and NKG7 in NK cells. Activation of NK cells in vitro was sufficient to induce AC008750.1 expression. Finally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of AC008750.1 significantly impaired both the expression of NKG7 and the anti-tumour capacity of NK cells. We present an atlas of cancer-cell extrinsic immune cell-expressed lncRNAs, in vitro evidence for a functional role of lncRNAs in anti-tumour immune activity, which upon further exploration may reveal novel clinical utility as markers of immune infiltration.
Mechanisms of possible self-limitation in the invasive Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus
Authors: Griffen Blaine D. , Bailey James , Carver Jade , Vernier Ashley , DiNuzzo Eleanor R. , Anderson Lars , Meidell Morgan , Potter Ben 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPopulation sizes of invasive species are commonly characterized by boom-bust dynamics, and self-limitation via resource depletion is posited as one factor leading to these boom-bust changes in population size. Yet, while this phenomenon is well-documented in plants, few studies have demonstrated that self-limitation is possible for invasive animal species, especially those that are mobile. Here we examined the invasive Asian shore crabHemigrapsus sanguineus, a species that reached very high abundances throughout invaded regions of North America, but has recently declined in many of these same regions. We examined the relationship between diet, energy storage, reproduction, and growth in crabs collected from the New Hampshire coast. We show that energy storage and reproduction both increase with diet quality, while growth declines with diet quality. These results suggest that self-limitation may be a contributing factor to the recent declines ofH. sanguineusat sites where this invader was once much more abundant. Further, these results suggest a diet-associated tradeoff in energy allocation to different vital rates, with a focus on reproduction when high quality resources are consumed, and a focus instead on growth when poor quality resources are consumed.
Biomimetic microenvironmental preconditioning enhance neuroprotective properties of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton's Jelly (WJ-MSCs)
Authors: Lech Wioletta , Sarnowska Anna , Kuczynska Zuzanna , Dabrowski Filip , Figiel-Dabrowska Anna , Domanska-Janik Krystyna , Buzanska Leonora , Zychowicz Marzena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTuning stem cells microenvironment in vitro may influence their regenerative properties. In this study Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) were encapsulated in 3D hydrogels derived from human fibrin (FB) or platelet lysate (PL) and the oxygen level was adjusted to physiological normoxia (5% O2). The influence of the type of the scaffold and physiological normoxia conditions was tested on the WJ-MSCs' survivability, proliferation, migratory potential, the level of expression of selected trophic factors, cytokines, and neural markers. Encapsulated WJ-MSCs revealed high survivability, stable proliferation rate, and ability to migrate out of the hydrogel and the up-regulated expression of all tested factors, as well as the increased expression of neural differentiation markers. Physiological normoxia stimulated proliferation of encapsulated WJ-MSCs and significantly enhanced their neuronal, but not glial, differentiation. Ex vivo studies with indirect co-culture of organotypic hippocampal slices and cell-hydrogel bio-constructs revealed strong neuroprotective effect of WJ-MSCs against neuronal death in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. This effect was potentiated further by FB scaffolds under 5% O2 conditions. Our results indicating significant effect of oxygen and 3D cytoarchitecture suggest the urgent need for further optimization of the microenvironmental conditions to improve therapeutical competence of the WJ-MSCs population.
Comment on “Expression of CD44 and the survival in glioma: a meta-analysis”
Authors: Hou Chongxian , Lin Han , Wang Peng , Yang Yong , Cen Siyi , Zhou Dong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
CD44 has been considered as a cancer stem cell marker in various tumors. With great enthusiasm, we read an article written by Wu et al. entitled “Expression of CD44 and the survival in glioma: a meta-analysis” published in Bioscience Reports. The authors performed meta-analyses to study the prognostic significance of CD44 in gliomas, and drew the conclusion that high expression of CD44 may predict poor survival in glioma, particularly in WHO grade II–III gliomas. However, two major defects exist in the present study, which made the meta-analysis on the prognostic significance of CD44 in all gliomas unreliable. In this commentary, we discussed the limitations and significance of the present study.
Verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus – a case report and literature review
Authors: Frieling Thomas , Kreysel Christian , Blank Michael , Müller Dorothee , Euler P. , Melchior Ilka , Wullstein Christoph , Hemmerlein Bernhard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus is a rare disease leading to dysphagia, chest pain, and weight loss. The diagnosis is difficult because even repeated biopsies are often without tumor evidence. We present a patient with verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus and a literature review.
Case report A 64-year-old patient with dysphagia and sore throat received esophagogastroduodenoscopy illustrating segmental circumferential verrucous inflammation and Candida esophagitis in the middle part of the esophagus. Repeated mucosal biopsies revealed reactive hyperkeratosis of the squamous epithelium with minimal atypia but without ulcera, eosinophilic esophagitis, or suspicion of cancer. Mucosal infection with adenovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, human papilloma virus types, and cytomegaly virus was ruled out. Veruccous carcinoma was detected finally by endoscopic mucosal resection. The patient was successfully treated by esophageal resection. Tumor stage was G1, pT1b, pN0, L0, V0, Pn0, R0.
Conclusion The results suggest that macroscopic suspicion of verrucous esophageal carcinoma should lead to resections of larger tissue specimens by EMR to confirm the diagnosis.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging in Dental Implants: A Primer for Clinical Radiologists
Authors: Bernaerts Anja , Barbier Lieven , Abeloos Johan , De Backer Tom , Bosmans Frederik , Vanhoenacker Filip M. , Casselman Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) into dentistry in the 1990s, radiologists have become more frequently involved in dental implant planning. This article describes the information that should be included in a radiology report to achieve a successful implantation. The justification to use CBCT during the preoperative planning phase is based on the need to evaluate patient-specific anatomy in detail (general condition of the jaw, bone quantity, and bone quality), the application of more advanced surgical techniques (maxillary sinus augmentation procedure, zygomatic implants), and the integrated presurgical planning and virtual patient approach. Postoperatively, CBCT is used when implant retrieval is anticipated and two-dimensional radiographs have not provided sufficient information, for evaluation of graft healing, or to assess complications, mostly related to neurovascular trauma.
Performance of the TWIST Score in Patients with Testicular Torsion that Present to the Emergency Department
Authors: Barco-Castillo Catalina , Sánchez Daniel , Fernández Nicolás 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective Testicular torsion (TT) is an emergency with an incidence of 1:1,500 in patients < 18 years old. Irreversible changes in the testicular parenchyma may happen. The Testicular Workup for Ischemia and Suspected Torsion (TWIST) questionnaire evaluates signs and symptoms to determine the risk of TT and improve the time of management. The aim of the present study was to compare the intraoperative findings of patients with TT with the result of the preoperative TWIST questionnaire.
Methods A cohort of 33 pediatric patients that consulted to the emergency room was evaluated. The TWIST questionnaire was applied in the first approach. Imaging studies, time to the operating room (OR) and intraoperative findings were evaluated. Theoretical and real findings were compared.
Results The median age was 13 years old (interquartile range [IQR] 10–15 years old). Edema and scrotal inflammation was the most frequent finding (42.4%), followed by testicular induration (21.2%), nausea and vomiting (15.2%), and horizontal testicle and absence of cremasteric reflex (9.1%). The TWIST stratification was 3% high-risk, 18.2% intermediate-risk and 78.8% low-risk. Testicular Doppler ultrasound was performed in 93.9% of the patients: vascular congestion was found in 21.9%. A total of 30.3% of the kids were taken to surgery after 163 minutes (±116.5). Intraoperative diagnosis of TT was confirmed in the high-risk patient, in 33.3% of the intermediate-risk, and in 50% of the low-risk. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed an accuracy of 60% (p = 0.602).
Conclusions The TWIST questionnaire in the first approach allows to take the high-risk patients immediately to the OR. However, it might not be a reliable tool for diagnosis of TT in intermediate and low-risk patients.
Foregut Cyst in Heart: Case Report
Authors: Aggarwal Naresh Kumar , Bhoi Sushanta Kumar , Mishra Y. K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA 70-year-old female presented with gradual onset of dyspnea with moderate exertion for 6 months. She had a history of stroke 1 month back which was resolved. On two-dimensional echo, she had a mass in left atrium (1.6 × 1.6 cm) with base attached to interatrial septum adjacent to anterior mitral leaflet. On coronary angiography, she had lesion in left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) with 60 to 70% stenosis. But intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography revealed mass in left ventricle attached to posterior mitral leaflet undersurface. The operation was performed; coronary artery bypass graft surgery with left internal mammary artery to LAD grafting and transannular decompression of the left ventricular mass was performed. Surgery was done uneventfully. The cyst content consisted of necrotic sebaceous-type material with calcification. Histopathology of excised material revealed it to be a foregut cyst of myocardium. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged in good clinical condition.
Neonatal Escherichia coli Meningitis, Complications, and Neurological Outcome
Authors: Wèli Manel , Charfi Fatma , Elleuch Amal , Charfi Rim , Gargouri Lamia , Mahfoudh Abdelmajid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNeonatal bacterial meningitis represents a major cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns worldwide. It leads to immediate and long-term neurological complications. In this article, we reported a case of a term newborn with an unremarkable pregnancy and delivery, who was admitted to our neonatal ward on the fifth day of life for fever. Cerebrospinal fluid culture was positive for Escherichia coli. The infant had neurological deterioration and continued fever despite adequate antibiotic therapy. Brain MRI showed multiple subdural abscesses with ventriculitis. Antibiotic therapy was maintained for 90 days with total resolution of the abscesses. The child has a normal physical examination and appropriate psychomotor development at 9 months of age.
Managing the environment in religious tourism destinations: a conceptual model.
Authors: Shinde Kiran A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to do a comparative analysis of the environmental issues in six religious tourism destinations and then use this analysis as a basis to propose a conceptual model for explaining environmental management in religious tourism destinations. All the destinations selected for this analysis are from the state of Maharashtra in western India. This was done so that at least one governing parameter - legislative and institutional frameworks - was common to all sites. This commonality allowed for exploring the influence of other factors, such as the size of the town, the nature of the pilgrimage economy, the scale of pilgrim- or catchment-field, landscape attributes, and land uses, among others, in articulating and responding to environmental problems. Using indicators commonly used in environmental assessments, a comparative discussion of the environmental scenarios in these places is presented. The different institutions and their responses to the environmental challenges are explained, before the presenting the proposed conceptual model.
The Beyul: Sherpa perspectives on landscapes characteristics and tourism development in Khumbu (Everest), Nepal.
Authors: Nepal Sanjay K. , Mu Yang , La Po-Hsin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

This chapter examines local residents' perspectives of Nepal's Khumbu (Mt Everest) region and the role of tourism in shaping residents' perspectives of this sacred landscape. This region is believed to be a sacred beyul, or a hidden valley that acts as a refuge, by local Buddhist Sherpas, and has undergone tremendous environmental, economic, and social changes due to the increased popularity of trekking tourism in the area. This chapter is based on data and information collected during two visits to the study location in 2014. It is reported that Sherpas' emotional and spiritual bonds with the landscape are reinforced through routinized contact with the sacred cultural features and consistent compliance with the rules of conduct. It is argued that Sherpa residents' objective recognition of the sacred landscape is influenced by geographical proximity to sacred sites, age of residents, and their religious backgrounds. Subjective interpretations of sacred landscape are also shaped by a strong awareness of behavioural restrictions, family influence and personal experiences. These strong bonds, however, are under threat as the religious influence of the landscape is diminishing with the shift of people's economic dependency from the land to a consumer culture facilitated by tourism.
An ecological and conservation perspective.
Authors: White C. Leann , Lankton Julia S. , Walsh Daniel P. , Sleeman Jonathan M. , Stephen Craig 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

This chapter explores the potential for One Health to shift its focus from disease prevention to health promotion to more fully integrate solutions that protect the health of humans, animals and the ecosystems on which we all depend for our economies, livelihoods, food security and health. This shift would facilitate a more seamless inclusion of ecological health and environmental conservation in the One Health paradigm and can serve as the basis for a comprehensive approach to complex problems at the root of global health. A framework for creating and applying health metrics for wildlife and ecological systems is essential for measuring the success of actions aimed at maintaining or shifting systems to desired states.
Towards a healthy concept of health.
Authors: Lerner Henrik , Zinsstag Jakob 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

This chapter focused on the One Health approach, its definition as well as implications of the definition. In order to aim for a 'healthy' concept one always needs to analyse how the concept is defined and where the boundaries to other concepts are. In everyday work, many crucial concepts such as health are not explicitly defined, rather one uses an implicit working definition. However, in dilemmas when one needs to think whether a certain state belongs to health or not, one needs to start thinking of the explicit definition of the concept of health. Thus, the concept analysis will focus on different definitions of the One Health approach, what 'One' implies in terms of trans- and interdisciplinarity, and how to define 'Health' within the One Health approach.
Transdisciplinary research and one health.
Authors: Berger-González Mónica , Pelikan Kristina , Zinsstag Jakob , Ali Seid Mohamed , Schelling Esther 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Transdisciplinary research projects consist of different phases of intra-, multi-, inter- or transdisciplinary collaborations, in this chapter the significant role of transdisciplinary research in One Health as well as in Ecohealth are highlighted.
Reaping one health benefits through cross-sectoral services.
Authors: Danielsen Solveig , Schelling Esther , Whittaker Maxine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

This chapter assembles experiences from different fields of work to illustrate how these added values can be materialized and some of the challenges that get in the way of progress. In the first part of this chapter, the general characteristics of service delivery in human, animal and plant health were presented. The focus is on rural areas in low-income countries, where integrated ways to deliver health services have the most potential to benefit people and communities. In the second part, examples of services that intersect different health sectors and disciplines were discussed.
Food security and nutrition.
Authors: Gordon Iain J. , Alonso Silvia , Crump Lisa , Dominguez-Salas Paula , de Garine-Wichatitsky Michel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

This chapter gives an overview of the relationship between food security and One Health. Topics that were highlighted are: the global governance of food and nutrition security; malnutrition; undernutrition; over nutrition; food waste; and systems approach to food security.