bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal unzipping of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Padmajan Sasikala Suchithra , Singh Yashpal , Bing Li , Yun Taeyoung , Koo Sung Hwan , Jung Yousung , Kim Sang Ouk 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnzipping of the basal plane offers a valuable pathway to uniquely control the material chemistry of 2D structures. Nonetheless, reliable unzipping has been reported only for graphene and phosphorene thus far. The single elemental nature of those materials allows a straightforward understanding of the chemical reaction and property modulation involved with such geometric transformations. Here we report spontaneous linear ordered unzipping of bi-elemental 2D MX2 transition metal chalcogenides as a general route to synthesize 1D nanoribbon structures. The strained metallic phase (1T′) of MX2 undergoes highly specific longitudinal unzipping owing to the self-linearized oxygenation at chalcogenides. Stable dispersions of 1T′ MoS2 nanoribbons with widths of 10–120 nm and lengths up to ~4 µm are produced in water. Edge abundant 1T′ MoS2 nanoribbons reveal the hidden potential of idealized electrocatalysis for hydrogen evolution reactions at a competitive level with the precious Pt catalyst.
p50 mono-ubiquitination and interaction with BARD1 regulates cell cycle progression and maintains genome stability
Authors: Wu Longtao , Crawley Clayton D. , Garofalo Andrea , Nichols Jackie W. , Campbell Paige-Ashley , Khramtsova Galina F. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Yamini Bakhtiar 
Published: October 2020

Abstractp50, the mature product of NFKB1, is constitutively produced from its precursor, p105. Here, we identify BARD1 as a p50-interacting factor. p50 directly associates with the BARD1 BRCT domains via a C-terminal phospho-serine motif. This interaction is induced by ATR and results in mono-ubiquitination of p50 by the BARD1/BRCA1 complex. During the cell cycle, p50 is mono-ubiquitinated in S phase and loss of this post-translational modification increases S phase progression and chromosomal breakage. Genome-wide studies reveal a substantial decrease in p50 chromatin enrichment in S phase and Cycln E is identified as a factor regulated by p50 during the G1 to S transition. Functionally, interaction with BARD1 promotes p50 protein stability and consistent with this, in human cancer specimens, low nuclear BARD1 protein strongly correlates with low nuclear p50. These data indicate that p50 mono-ubiquitination by BARD1/BRCA1 during the cell cycle regulates S phase progression to maintain genome integrity.
Deep phenotyping of 34,128 adult patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in an international network study
Authors: Burn Edward , You Seng Chan , Sena Anthony G. , Kostka Kristin , Abedtash Hamed , Abrahão Maria Tereza F. , Alberga Amanda , Alghoul Heba , Alser Osaid , Alshammari Thamir M. , Aragon Maria , Areia Carlos , Banda Juan M. , Cho Jaehyeong , Culhane Aedin C. , Davydov Alexander , DeFalco Frank J. , Duarte-Salles Talita , DuVall Scott , Falconer Thomas , Fernandez-Bertolin Sergio , Gao Weihua , Golozar Asieh , Hardin Jill , Hripcsak George , Huser Vojtech , Jeon Hokyun , Jing Yonghua , Jung Chi Young , Kaas-Hansen Benjamin Skov , Kaduk Denys , Kent Seamus , Kim Yeesuk , Kolovos Spyros , Lane Jennifer C. E. , Lee Hyejin , Lynch Kristine E. , Makadia Rupa , Matheny Michael E. , Mehta Paras P. , Morales Daniel R. , Natarajan Karthik , Nyberg Fredrik , Ostropolets Anna , Park Rae Woong , Park Jimyung , Posada Jose D. , Prats-Uribe Albert , Rao Gowtham , Reich Christian , Rho Yeunsook , Rijnbeek Peter , Schilling Lisa M. , Schuemie Martijn , Shah Nigam H. , Shoaibi Azza , Song Seokyoung , Spotnitz Matthew , Suchard Marc A. , Swerdel Joel N. , Vizcaya David , Volpe Salvatore , Wen Haini , Williams Andrew E. , Yimer Belay B. , Zhang Lin , Zhuk Oleg , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Ryan Patrick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractComorbid conditions appear to be common among individuals hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but estimates of prevalence vary and little is known about the prior medication use of patients. Here, we describe the characteristics of adults hospitalised with COVID-19 and compare them with influenza patients. We include 34,128 (US: 8362, South Korea: 7341, Spain: 18,425) COVID-19 patients, summarising between 4811 and 11,643 unique aggregate characteristics. COVID-19 patients have been majority male in the US and Spain, but predominantly female in South Korea. Age profiles vary across data sources. Compared to 84,585 individuals hospitalised with influenza in 2014-19, COVID-19 patients have more typically been male, younger, and with fewer comorbidities and lower medication use. While protecting groups vulnerable to influenza is likely a useful starting point in the response to COVID-19, strategies will likely need to be broadened to reflect the particular characteristics of individuals being hospitalised with COVID-19.
Approaching 80 years of snow water equivalent information by merging different data streams
Authors: Huning Laurie S. , AghaKouchak Amir 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMerging multiple data streams together can improve the overall length of record and achieve the number of observations required for robust statistical analysis. We merge complementary information from different data streams with a regression-based approach to estimate the 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) volume over Sierra Nevada, USA. We more than double the length of available data-driven SWE volume records by leveraging in-situ snow depth observations from longer-length snow course records and SWE volumes from a shorter-length snow reanalysis. With the resulting data-driven merged time series (1940–2018), we conduct frequency analysis to estimate return periods and associated uncertainty, which can inform decisions about the water supply, drought response, and flood control. We show that the shorter (~30-year) reanalysis results in an underestimation of the 100-year return period by ~25 years (relative to the ~80-year merged dataset). Drought and flood risk and water resources planning can be substantially affected if return periods of SWE, which are closely related to potential flooding in spring and water availability in summer, are misrepresented.
A salmon diet database for the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Graham Caroline , Pakhomov Evgeny A. , Hunt Brian P. V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe North Pacific Marine Salmon Diet Database is an open-access relational database built to centralize and make accessible salmon diet data through a standardized database structure. The initial data contribution contains 21,862 observations of salmon diet, and associated salmon biological parameters, prey biological parameters, and environmental data from the North Pacific Ocean. The data come from 907 unique spatial areas and mostly fall within two time periods, 1959–1969 and 1987–1997, during which there are more data available compared to other time periods. Data were extracted from 62 sources identified through a systematic literature review, targeting peer-reviewed and gray literature. The purpose of this database is to consolidate data into a common format to address gaps in our ecological understanding of the North Pacific Ocean, particularly with respect to salmon. This database can be used to address a variety of questions regarding salmon foraging, productivity, and marine survival. The North Pacific Marine Salmon Diet Database will continue to grow in the future as more data are digitized and become available.
Epifluorescence-based three-dimensional traction force microscopy
Authors: Hazlett Lauren , Landauer Alexander K. , Patel Mohak , Witt Hadley A. , Yang Jin , Reichner Jonathan S. , Franck Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe introduce a novel method to compute three-dimensional (3D) displacements and both in-plane and out-of-plane tractions on nominally planar transparent materials using standard epifluorescence microscopy. Despite the importance of out-of-plane components to fully understanding cell behavior, epifluorescence images are generally not used for 3D traction force microscopy (TFM) experiments due to limitations in spatial resolution and measuring out-of-plane motion. To extend an epifluorescence-based technique to 3D, we employ a topology-based single particle tracking algorithm to reconstruct high spatial-frequency 3D motion fields from densely seeded single-particle layer images. Using an open-source finite element (FE) based solver, we then compute the 3D full-field stress and strain and surface traction fields. We demonstrate this technique by measuring tractions generated by both single human neutrophils and multicellular monolayers of Madin–Darby canine kidney cells, highlighting its acuity in reconstructing both individual and collective cellular tractions. In summary, this represents a new, easily accessible method for calculating fully three-dimensional displacement and 3D surface tractions at high spatial frequency from epifluorescence images. We released and support the complete technique as a free and open-source code package.
Revising evidence of hurricane strikes on Abaco Island (The Bahamas) over the last 700 years
Authors: Winkler Tyler S. , van Hengstum Peter J. , Donnelly Jeffrey P. , Wallace Elizabeth J. , Sullivan Richard M. , MacDonald Dana , Albury Nancy A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe northern Bahamas have experienced more frequent intense-hurricane impacts than almost anywhere else in the Atlantic since 1850 CE. In 2019, category 5 (Saffir-Simpson scale) Hurricane Dorian demonstrated the destructive potential of these natural hazards. Problematically, determining whether high hurricane activity levels remained constant through time is difficult given the short observational record (< 170 years). We present a 700-year long, near-annually resolved stratigraphic record of hurricane passage near Thatchpoint Blue Hole (TPBH) on Abaco Island, The Bahamas. Using longer sediment cores (888 cm) and more reliable age-control, this study revises and temporally expands a previous study from TPBH that underestimated the sedimentation rate. TPBH records at least 13 ≥ category 2 hurricanes per century between 1500 to 1670 CE, which exceeds the 9 ≥ category 2 hurricanes per century within 50 km of TPBH since 1850 CE. The eastern United States also experienced frequent hurricanes from 1500 to 1670 CE, but frequency was depressed elsewhere in the Atlantic Ocean. This suggests that spatial heterogeneity in Atlantic hurricane activity since 1850 CE could have persisted throughout the last millennium. This heterogeneity is impacted by climatic and stochastic forcing, but additional high-resolution paleo-hurricane reconstructions are required to assess the mechanisms that impact regional variability.
Personal exposure to fine particulate air pollutants impacts blood pressure and heart rate variability
Authors: Lee Dong-Hoon , Kim Sun-Hwa , Kang Si-Hyuck , Kwon Oh Kyung , Park Jin-Joo , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Cho Young-Seok , Heo Jongbae , Yi Seung-Muk , Youn Tae-Jin , Chae In-Ho 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAir pollution has increasingly been recognized as a major healthcare concern. Air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter [PM2.5]) has demonstrated an increase in adverse cardiovascular events. This study aimed to assess the cardiovascular response to personal exposure to different levels of PM2.5. This prospective cohort study enrolled healthy volunteers aged ≥ 18 years with no cardiovascular disease. Study subjects carried personal exposure monitor of PM2.5, digital thermo-hygrometer for temperature and humidity, 24-h blood pressure monitor, and continuous electrocardiogram monitor. Measurements were repeated twice with an interval of 6–12 months. Statistical models consisted of generalized estimation equations to various repeated measures of each subject. A total of 22 subjects were enrolled in this study between July 2018 and January 2019. Measurement was performed twice in all participants, and a total of 36 data were collected except for insufficient data collection. The mean age of the study population was 41.6 years, and 95% of the subjects were females. No study subjects had hypertension or other cardiovascular diseases. The average systolic blood pressure increased with higher PM2.5 levels with marginal significance (0.22 mmHg [95% confidential intervals − 0.04 to 0.48 mmHg] per 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5). All parameters for heart rate variability significantly decreased with a higher level of PM2.5. In this study, we measured individual personal exposure to PM2.5 by using a portable device. We found that 24-h exposure to high levels of PM2.5 was associated with a significant decrease in heart rate variability, suggesting impaired autonomous nervous function.
Effect of in situ VSi2 and SiC phases on the sintering behavior and the mechanical properties of HfB2-based composites
Authors: Ghadami Soheil , Taheri-Nassaj Ehsan , Baharvandi Hamid Reza , Ghadami Farzin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn situ HfB2–SiC–VSi2 composite was fabricated by reactive pressureless sintering at the temperature of 2150 °C for 4 h under a vacuum atmosphere. In situ SiC and VSi2 reinforcements were formed using VC and Si powders as starting materials according to the following reaction: VC + 3Si = SiC + VSi2. Microstructural studies and thermodynamic calculations revealed that in situ VSi2 and SiC phases were mostly formed and homogeneously distributed in HfB2 skeleton. The results showed that the density of in situ HfB2–SiC–VSi2 composite was 98%. Besides, the mechanical properties of the composite were effectively enhanced by the formation of in situ second phases. The Vickers hardness and the fracture toughness of the composite reached 20.1 GPa and 5.8 MPa m−1/2, respectively.
‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ distribution and diversity in Scotland and the characterisation of novel haplotypes from Craspedolepta spp. (Psylloidea: Aphalaridae)
Authors: Sumner-Kalkun Jason C. , Highet Fiona , Arnsdorf Yvonne M. , Back Emma , Carnegie Mairi , Madden Siobhán , Carboni Silvia , Billaud William , Lawrence Zoë , Kenyon David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe phloem limited bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) is associated with disease in Solanaceous and Apiaceous crops. This bacterium has previously been found in the UK in Trioza anthrisci, but its impact on UK crops is unknown. Psyllid and Lso diversity and distribution among fields across the major carrot growing areas of Scotland were assessed using real-time PCR and DNA barcoding techniques. Four Lso haplotypes were found: C, U, and two novel haplotypes. Lso haplotype C was also found in a small percentage of asymptomatic carrot plants (9.34%, n = 139) from a field in Milnathort where known vectors of this haplotype were not found. This is the first report of Lso in cultivated carrot growing in the UK and raises concern for the carrot and potato growing industry regarding the potential spread of new and existing Lso haplotypes into crops. Trioza anthrisci was found present only in sites in Elgin, Moray with 100% of individuals harbouring Lso haplotype C. Lso haplotype U was found at all sites infecting Trioza urticae and at some sites infecting Urtica dioica with 77.55% and 24.37% average infection, respectively. The two novel haplotypes were found in Craspedolepta nebulosa and Craspedolepta subpunctata and named Cras1 and Cras2. This is the first report of Lso in psyllids from the Aphalaridae. These new haplotypes were most closely related to Lso haplotype H recently found in carrot and parsnip. Lso was also detected in several weed plants surrounding carrot and parsnip fields. These included two Apiaceous species Aegropodium podagraria (hap undetermined) and Anthriscus sylvestris (hap C); one Galium sp. (Rubiaceae) (hap undetermined); and Chenopodium album (Amaranthaceae) (hap undetermined).
Printed, flexible, compact UHF-RFID sensor tags enabled by hybrid electronics
Authors: Baumbauer Carol L. , Anderson Matthew G. , Ting Jonathan , Sreekumar Akshay , Rabaey Jan M. , Arias Ana C. , Thielens Arno 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSensor data can be wirelessly transmitted from simple, battery-less tags using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). RFID sensor tags consist of an antenna, a radio frequency integrated circuit chip (RFIC), and at least one sensor. An ideal tag can communicate over a long distance and be seamlessly integrated onto everyday objects. However, miniaturized antenna designs often have lower performance. Here we demonstrate compact, flexible sensor tags with read range comparable to that of conventional rigid tags. We compare fabrication techniques for flexible antennas and demonstrate that screen and stencil printing are both suitable for fabricating antennas; these different techniques are most useful at different points in the design cycle. We characterize two versions of flexible, screen printed folded dipoles and a meandered monopole operating in the 915 MHz band. Finally, we use these antennas to create passive sensor tags and demonstrate over the air communication of sensor data. These tags could be used to form a network of printed, flexible, passive, interactive sensor tags.
A new data-driven mathematical model dissociates attractiveness from sexual dimorphism of human faces
Authors: Nakamura Koyo , Watanabe Katsumi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman facial attractiveness is evaluated by using multiple cues. Among others, sexual dimorphism (i.e. masculinity for male faces/femininity for female faces) is an influential factor of perceived attractiveness. Since facial attractiveness is judged by incorporating sexually dimorphic traits as well as other cues, it is theoretically possible to dissociate sexual dimorphism from facial attractiveness. This study tested this by using a data-driven mathematical modelling approach. We first analysed the correlation between perceived masculinity/femininity and attractiveness ratings for 400 computer-generated male and female faces (Experiment 1) and found positive correlations between perceived femininity and attractiveness for both male and female faces. Using these results, we manipulated a set of faces along the attractiveness dimension while controlling for sexual dimorphism by orthogonalisation with data-driven mathematical models (Experiment 2). Our results revealed that perceived attractiveness and sexual dimorphism are dissociable, suggesting that there are as yet unidentified facial cues other than sexual dimorphism that contribute to facial attractiveness. Future studies can investigate the true preference of sexual dimorphism or the genuine effects of attractiveness by using well-controlled facial stimuli like those that this study generated. The findings will be of benefit to the further understanding of what makes a face attractive.
Nitrite-producing oral microbiome in adults and children
Authors: Sato-Suzuki Yuria , Washio Jumpei , Wicaksono Dimas Prasetianto , Sato Takuichi , Fukumoto Satoshi , Takahashi Nobuhiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecently, it was suggested that the nitrite (NO2−) produced from NO3− by oral bacteria might contribute to oral and general health. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the detailed information about the bacterial NO2-production in the oral biofilm. Dental plaque and tongue-coating samples were collected, then the NO2-producing activity was measured. Furthermore, the composition of the NO2−-producing bacterial population were identified using the Griess reagent-containing agar overlay method and molecular biological method. NO2−-producing activity per mg wet weight varied among individuals but was higher in dental plaque. Additionally, anaerobic bacteria exhibited higher numbers of NO2−-producing bacteria, except in the adults’ dental plaque. The proportion of NO2−-producing bacteria also varied among individuals, but a positive correlation was found between NO2−-producing activity and the number of NO2−-producing bacteria, especially in dental plaque. Overall, the major NO2−-producing bacteria were identified as Actinomyces, Schaalia, Veillonella and Neisseria. Furthermore, Rothia was specifically detected in the tongue coatings of children. These results suggest that dental plaque has higher NO2−-producing activity and that this activity depends not on the presence of specific bacteria or the bacterial compositions, but on the number of NO2−-producing bacteria, although interindividual differences were detected.
SARS-CoV-2 S1 and N-based serological assays reveal rapid seroconversion and induction of specific antibody response in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Algaissi Abdullah , Alfaleh Mohamed A. , Hala Sharif , Abujamel Turki S. , Alamri Sawsan S. , Almahboub Sarah A. , Alluhaybi Khalid A. , Hobani Haya I. , Alsulaiman Reem M. , AlHarbi Rahaf H. , ElAssouli M.-Z.aki , Alhabbab Rowa Y. , AlSaieedi Ahdab A. , Abdulaal Wesam H. , Al-Somali Afrah A. , Alofi Fadwa S. , Khogeer Asim A. , Alkayyal Almohanad A. , Mahmoud Ahmad Bakur , Almontashiri Naif A. M. , Pain Arnab , Hashem Anwar M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2, continues to spread rapidly around the world, there is a need for well validated serological assays that allow the detection of viral specific antibody responses in COVID-19 patients or recovered individuals. In this study, we established and used multiple indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)-based serological assays to study the antibody response in COVID-19 patients. In order to validate the assays we determined the cut off values, sensitivity and specificity of the assays using sera collected from pre-pandemic healthy controls, COVID-19 patients at different time points after disease-onset, and seropositive sera to other human coronaviruses (CoVs). The developed SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid (N)-based ELISAs not only showed high specificity and sensitivity but also did not show any cross-reactivity with other CoVs. We also show that all RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients tested in our study developed both virus specific IgM and IgG antibodies as early as week one after disease onset. Our data also suggest that the inclusion of both S1 and N in serological testing would capture as many potential SARS-CoV-2 positive cases as possible than using any of them alone. This is specifically important for tracing contacts and cases and conducting large-scale epidemiological studies to understand the true extent of virus spread in populations.
Devulcanization of ground tire rubber: microwave and thermomechanical approaches
Authors: Simon Dániel Ábel , Pirityi Dávid Zoltán , Bárány Tamás 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe devulcanized ground tire rubber (GTR) in a laboratory microwave oven and an internal mixer, measured the soluble content and the cross-link density of the samples, and then used Horikx’s analysis. The results showed that microwave treatment caused severe degradation of the polymer chains, while in the case of thermomechanical devulcanization, the selective scission of covalent cross-links is more common. Four devulcanized ground tire rubber (dGTR) samples were chosen for further study and three groups of samples were produced: dGTR samples containing vulcanizing agents and different amounts of paraffin oil (dGTR-based mixtures), natural rubber-based rubber mixtures with different dGTR contents and reference rubber mixtures with dGTR-based mixtures (increased vulcanizing agent contents). Cure characteristics showed a plasticizer-like effect of dGTR. Tensile and tear strength decreased drastically with increasing dGTR content; however, elongation at break values did not follow such a trend. Mechanical properties improved with increased vulcanizing agent contents. The examined properties of the samples improved even further with the use of thermomechanically devulcanized samples. Horikx’s analysis showed that this is attributable to moderate polymer chain scission.