bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micromechanical modeling of compressive behavior in freeze‐casted ceramic
Authors: Sattar Siavash , Jujjavarapu Rahul , Kravchenko Sergei G. , Kravchenko Oleksandr G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, a novel computational micromechanical framework is proposed to predict the effective mechanical properties of the ice‐templated ceramics under off‐axis compressive loading. The mechanical behavior is simulated by a computational micromechanical model and validated against experimental results. Smeared cracking approach was used to describe failure in ice‐templated alumina. The representative volume element (RVE) was developed based on the honeycomb analogy of lamellar walls considering the morphology of the material. The periodic boundary conditions were applied in RVE to simulate bulk behavior of the material. The compression testing was conducted on the ice‐templated alumina samples to obtain the effective compressive moduli and strength with different loading angles. Digital image correlation method was used to measure strain field during the experiment and quantify the effective misalignment angle corresponding to porous material. The effective stiffness and strength obtained from RVE analysis compared well with experimental results. The proposed micro‐mechanical RVE model allows for determining the properties of the ice‐templated porous ceramic for various off‐axis angles.
Efficacy and safety of oral tranexamic acid as an adjuvant in Indian patients with melasma: a prospective, interventional, single‐centre, triple‐blind, randomized, placebo‐control, parallel group study
Authors: Minni K. , Poojary S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is a chronic recalcitrant pigmentary disorder whose treatment frustrates physician and patient alike. Tranexamic acid, a plasmin inhibitor, has demonstrated hypopigmenting properties.AimTo compare safety and efficacy of combination of oral tranexamic acid (TXA) and topical fluocinolone‐based combination cream (FbTC) with that of topical FbTC alone in melasma.MethodOne hundred and eighty patients patients of facial melasma of either sex attending dermatology OPD were screened. Consenting 130 participants were randomized into two blinded groups with 65 patients in each group. Group A patients received oral tranexamic acid 250 mg and oral ranitidine 150 mg twice daily and applied a triple combination cream containing fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%, tretinoin 0.05% and hydroquinone 2% once daily, and Group B was asked to take placebo tablets (calcium lactate and multivitamin) and apply the cream only for 12 weeks. Response was evaluated using modified melasma area severity index (mMASI) and graded mMASI improvement at 4th, 8th and 12th weeks, and at 24th week for recurrence. Data were analysed using SPSS software.ResultsResults were analysed in 120 patients who completed the study with 61 and 59 patients in group A and B, respectively. Demographic profile was equally distributed in both the groups. In group A, 13.1% patients showed marked improvement (>75%) in mMASI as compared to group B (1.7%) at 4th week. By 12th week, 65.6% patients had marked improvement in group A in contrast to only 27.1% in group B. At 24th week, group A (65.6%) had sustained improvement as compared to group B (11.9%) despite stopping treatment; all of which were statistically significant. Recurrence observed was 18.03% in group A vs. 64.4% in group B at 24th week.ConclusionOral tranexamic acid is definitely a boon to the armamentarium of melasma management and should be used as an adjuvant to fluocinolone‐based triple combination cream for a faster, sustained improvement and to prevent recurrence.
Utilization of species checklist data in revealing the spatial distribution of fish diversity
Authors: Zhang Qingtian , Hu Guikun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMarine fish species checklists from six Chinese coastal waters were combined for the analysis of taxonomic diversity. The Genus‐Family index (G‐F index) ranged between 0.39 and 0.84, which generally indicated a decreasing trend with increasing latitude, with the exception of the southernmost area. Average taxonomic distinctness showed a slight increasing trend from northern to central study areas, but whether the taxonomic distinctness indices represent a latitudinal gradient of biodiversity requires further study. The multivariate analysis revealed a distinct latitudinal variation in fish assemblages. These results indicate that species checklist data are helpful in understanding the diversity distribution of fish species in the coastal zone. The potential of a species inventory should be exploited to fully understand biodiversity.
Longitudinal Sex‐Specific Physical Function Trends by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Weight Status
Authors: Xu Furong , Cohen Steven A. , Greaney Mary L. , Earp Jacob E. , Delmonico Matthew J. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDThere is a need to assess longitudinal trends in physical function and to understand the prevalence of physical function status in the older population using objectively measured physical function. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to examine longitudinal sex‐specific physical function trends and prevalence of physical function status by age, race/ethnicity, and weight status in older adults, aged 65 years and older.METHODSThe present study used longitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Physical function was measured annually from 2011 to 2018 using the Short Physical Performance Battery, and classified as poor (0–6), fair (7–9), or good (10–12). Mixed effect regression and generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate unadjusted trends and annual changes in physical function, adjusting for confounders and accounting for complex sampling.RESULTSRespondents' physical function declined over time regardless of sex, age, race/ethnicity, and weight status (P < .001). Respondents aged 75 to 84 years (males: β = −.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −.22 to −.13; females: β = −.23; 95% CI = −.27 to −.20) and 85 years and older (males: β = −.39; 95% CI = −.47 to −.30; females: β = −.33; 95% CI = −.39 to −.28) had a greater annual physical function rate of decline than respondents aged 65 to 74 years. Respondents aged 75 years and older also had a greater annual increase in the proportion classified as having poor physical function than respondents aged 65 to 74 years (P < .001), regardless of sex. Compared with non‐Hispanic whites, Hispanic females had a lower annual physical function rate of decline (β = .14; 95% CI = 0.07–0.20), and Hispanic and/or non‐Hispanic blacks had slower annual changes in the proportion classified as having good physical function (P < .05). Compared with normal weight males, overweight males had lower annual changes in physical function (P = .003) and proportion of those with poor physical function (P = .004), but no differences between weight status were observed in females.CONCLUSIONSPhysical function declines with age, but temporal changes in physical function and physical function status varied by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and weight status. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2270–2278, 2020.
An exceptional neurovascular system in abelisaurid theropod skull: New evidence from Skorpiovenator bustingorryi
Authors: Cerroni Mauricio A. , Canale Juan I. , Novas Fernando E. , Paulina‐Carabajal Ariana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAbelisaurids were one of the most successful theropod dinosaurs during Cretaceous times. They are featured by numerous derived skull traits, such as heavily ornamented bones, short and tall snout, and a strongly thickened cranial roof. Furthermore, nasals are distinctive on having two distinct nasal patterns: strongly transversely convex and heavily sculptured (e.g., Carnotaurus), and transversely concave, with marked bilateral crests and poorly sculptured surfaces (e.g., Rugops). Independently of the pattern, some abelisaurid nasals (e.g., Rugops) show a distinctive row of large foramina on the dorsal surface, which were in general associated to skin structures (scales). Skorpiovenator bustingorryi is a derived abelisaurid coming from the upper Cretaceous beds of northwestern Patagonia, represented by an almost complete skeleton including a well‐preserved skull. Particularly, the skull of Skorpiovenator shows nasal bones characterized by being transversely concave, rimmed by lateral crests and with a conspicuous row of foramina on the dorsal surface. But more interesting is that the skull roof also exhibits a row of large foramina that seem to be continuous with the previous nasal foramina. CT scans made on the skull corroborates a novel feature within theropods: the nasal foramina on the external surface are linked to an internal canal that runs across the nasal bones. We compared this feature with CT scans of Carnotaurus and revealed that it also possess an internal system as in Skorpiovenator, but being notably smaller. The symmetry and disposition of the foramina in the nasal and skull roof bones of Skorpiovenator would indicate a neurovascular correlate (i.e., blood vessels and nerves), probably to the lateral nasal and supraorbital vessels and the trigeminal nerve. The biological significance of such neurovascular system can be conjectured from several hypotheses. A possible one involves an enhanced blood volume in these bones linked to a zone of thermal exchange, which may help avoid overheat of encephalic tissues. Another plausible hypothesis takes into account the presence of display skin structures in which blood volume nourished the mineralized skin, which would have a role in intraspecific communication. However, other more speculative explanations should not be discarded such as a correlation with integumentary sensory organs.
Feasibility analysis of different surgical methods for uterine cesarean section scar diverticulum
Authors: Zhang Yanhua , Jia Yanfeng , Wang Xiaoli , Sun Qian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThis study analyses the effects of surgical indicators and clinical efficacy of different surgical methods for uterine cesarean section scar diverticulum.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 65 patients who underwent surgery and postoperative follow‐up at Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child‐care Hospital from 1 January 2013 to 31 February 2019.ResultsAll participants were treated surgically. Among them, patients in Group A underwent combined laparoscopic and hysteroscopic surgery (n = 45), Group B underwent transvaginal surgery (n = 11), Group C underwent laparotomy (n = 9). The primary outcomes were surgical indicators. The secondary outcomes were clinical efficacy. Bleeding, operation time and hospitalization expenses were significantly different among the three groups (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the hospital stay among the three groups P = 0.22). The menstrual period before and after surgery was significantly different among the groups (P < 0.05). The recurrence outcome was no significantly different (P = 0.16), but the pregnancy outcome was not (P = 0.78).ConclusionThe three surgical methods are effective for treating cesarean section scar diverticulum with favorable effects. Laparoscopic combined with hysteroscopic surgery is minimally invasive with less bleeding compared with the other two techniques and it is easier for patients to accept. It is the most widely used surgical method.
The Business Model Phenomenon: Towards Theoretical Relevance
Authors: Prescott John E. , Filatotchev Igor 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe popularity of the business model phenomenon has out paced its theoretical development. We argue that establishing construct clarity for the business model phenomenon is necessary before scholars and practitioners can answer foundational questions such as whether strategy and business models are different constructs and if so, the implications for practitioners, theory development and pedagogy. We advocate for a Theory‐In‐Use (TIU) approach to establish construct clarity. TIU is one approach to phenomenon‐driven research used to co‐create new knowledge by involving academics and practitioners, leveraging extant theoretical and empirical knowledge to position, describe and explain a phenomenon, and embraces constructionist and positivist epistemologies to map constructs on to a phenomenon. We overview the TIU approach and develop a hypothetical interview schedule for developing construct clarity for the business model phenomenon. Assuming that construct clarity is established, we identify promising research directions for two streams of business model research that are underdeveloped; international business and corporate governance. Our overarching goal is to stimulate research to advance the theoretical relevance of the business model phenomenon.
Accuracy of Implant Analogs in 3D Printed Resin Models
Authors: Maria Rahmat , Tan Ming Yi , Wong Keng Mun , Lee Bruce Chi Hong , Chia Vanessa Ai Ping , Tan Keson Beng Choon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo study the effect of implant analog system, print orientation, and analog holder radial offset on 3D linear and absolute angular distortions of implant analogs in 3D printed resin models.Materials and MethodsA sectional master model simulating a 2‐implant, 3‐unit fixed prosthesis in a partially edentulous jaw was fabricated. Three implant analog systems for 3D printed resin models—Straumann (ST), Core3DCentres (CD) and Medentika (MD)—were tested. The corresponding scan bodies were secured onto the implants and scanned using an intraoral scanner. Models were obtained with a Digital Light Processing printer. Each implant analog system had 2 print orientations (transverse [X] and perpendicular [Y] to the printer door) and 2 analog holder radial offsets (0.04 mm and 0.06 mm), for a total of 60 models. The physical positions of the implants in the master model and the analogs in the printed resin models were directly measured with a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). 3D linear distortion (ΔR) and absolute angular distortion (Absdθ) defined the 3D accuracy of the analogs in the printed models. Univariate ANOVA was used to analyse data followed by post hoc tests (Tukey HSD, α = 0.05).ResultsMean ΔR for ST (–155.7 ± 60.6 µm), CD (124.9 ± 65.0 µm) and MD (–92.9 ± 48.0 µm) were significantly different (p < 0.01). Mean Absdθ was not significantly different between ST (0.57 ± 0.48°) and CD (0.41 ± 0.27°), but both were significantly different from MD (2.11 ± 1.14°) (p < 0.01). Print orientation had a significant effect on ΔR only but no discernible trend could be found. Analog holder radial offset had no significant effect on ΔR and Absdθ.ConclusionsImplant analog system had a significant effect on ΔR and Absdθ. Compared to the master model, CD produced greater mean interanalog distances, while ST and MD produced smaller mean interanalog distances. MD exhibited the greatest mean angular distortion which was significantly greater than ST and CD.
Cumulative effects of ciprofloxacin and pilocarpine on cytotoxicity and G0 phase arrest in hepatoma-derived Hep G2 cell line
Authors: Sadeghi Leila , Maleki Somaiyeh , Dehghan Gholamreza 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Uncontrolled cell proliferation was caused by multiple deficient pathways that inhibition of one pathway may result to activate an alternative pathway. Therefore, combination of drugs which targeted multiple pathways could be beneficial to overcome drug resistance. Ciprofloxacin (CPF) cytotoxicity was widely investigated on cancer cell lines, and results revealed hepatoma-derived Hep G2 cells are relatively resistant. So, this study aimed to increase CPF cytotoxicity by rational design of a supplement which targeted Ca2+ homoeostasis as major hub in unchecked proliferation.

Methods
Cells were treated by CPF and/or pilocarpine (PILO), and cell cycle distribution, caspases activity and regulatory proteins were evaluated.

Key findings
MTT and flow cytometry analysis confirmed administration of CPF + PILO causes more cytotoxicity. CPF-exposed cells accumulated in S phase due to DNA damages while PILO + CPF imposed G0 stage arrest through cyclin D1 and P-Akt downregulation. Caspase 8 was activated in cells treated by CPF but accompaniment of PILO with CPF led to activation of caspase 9, 8 and 3 and ROS overproduction.

Conclusions
Ciprofloxacin imposed mitochondrial-independent apoptosis while PILO + CPF caused mitochondrial-dependent and independent apoptosis simultaneously. Consequently, coadministration of PILO and CPF causes intense cytotoxic effects through targeting the mitochondria, DNA gyrase enzyme and other unknown mechanisms.
Maternal overnutrition impairs offspring's insulin sensitivity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Eitmann Szimonetta , Németh Dávid , Hegyi Péter , Szakács Zsolt , Garami András , Balaskó Márta , Solymár Margit , Erőss Bálint , Kovács Enikő , Pétervári Erika 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the association between maternal overnutrition and offspring's insulin sensitivity—following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses statement. Studies published in English before April 22, 2019, were identified through searches of four medical databases. After selection, 15 studies aiming to explore the association between prepregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) or gestational weight gain (GWG) of non‐diabetic mothers and their offspring's insulin sensitivity (fasting insulin or glucose level and Homeostatic Measurement Assessment for Insulin Resistance [HOMA‐IR]) were included in the meta‐analysis. Associations of ppBMI and GWG with offspring's insulin sensitivity were analysed by pooling regression coefficients or standardized differences in means with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Maternal ppBMI showed significant positive correlations with the level of both fasting insulin and HOMA‐IR in offspring (standardized regression coefficient for fasting insulin: 0.107, CI [0.053, 0.160], p < 0.001 and that for HOMA‐IR: 0.063, CI [0.006, 0.121], p = 0.031). However, the result of the analysis on coefficients adjusted for offspring's actual anthropometry (BMI and adiposity) was not significant. Independent from ppBMI, GWG tended to show a positive correlation with insulin level, but not after adjustment for offspring's anthropometry. Offspring of mothers with excessive GWG showed significantly higher HOMA‐IR than those of mothers with optimal GWG (p = 0.004). Our results demonstrate that both higher ppBMI and GWG increase the risk of offspring's insulin resistance, but the effect of ppBMI on insulin sensitivity in offspring may develop as consequence of their adiposity.
Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of lipomatosis of the sciatic nerve: Early‐onset colonic diverticular disease
Authors: Marek Tomas , Mahan Mark A. , Amrami Kimberly K. , Blackburn Patrick R. , Caffes Patricia L. , Carter Jodi M. , Camilleri Michael , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLipomatosis of nerve (LN) is a complex peripheral nerve disorder characterized by fibrofatty nerve enlargement. MRI of this pathology is pathognomonic and obviates a diagnostic biopsy. Mutation in PIK3CA has been associated with LN cases with nerve‐territory overgrowth which may occur in some cases. We evaluate an association of LN of the sciatic nerve and early‐onset colonic diverticular disease and discuss the potential pathogenesis.MethodsOur institutional database was searched for LN cases. Available information of identified cases was reviewed, and cases with a confirmed diagnosis of LN affecting the lumbosacral plexus and/or sciatic nerve; available MRI of the affected nerve(s); and diverticular disease occurring in the area supplied by the nerve(s) affected by LN were further analyzed. PIK3CA mutation testing was performed on available tissue samples.ResultsWe identified 10 LN cases of lumbosacral plexus and/or sciatic nerve. Of these, three fulfilled our inclusion criteria. All three patients had concomitant colonic diverticular disease, diagnosed at a relatively young age. MRI studies of these cases showed LN involvement of the sacral nerves innervating the sigmoid colon. All three also had abnormal diagnostic workup including various GI tests and evidence of associated nerve‐territory overgrowth. Colonic tissue samples for PIK3CA mutation were negative.ConclusionWhile the pathogenesis of the colonic diverticular disease is increasingly recognized as being multifactorial, our observations are consistent with the potential role of autonomic nervous system dysfunction affecting either the pelvic floor musculature, or the colon itself (or both) in a subset of patients with early‐onset diverticular disease.
Three‐point Method to Guide the Tibial Resection and Component Placing in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Liu Ming‐yang , Wang Hai‐bo , Liu Shi‐wei , Zhang Guan‐peng , Liu Jian‐guo , Yang Chen 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo introduce a three‐point method combining the midpoint of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), the midsulcus of the tibial spines, and the midpoint of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) to determine appropriate tibial resection and component placing during TKA and to compare this method with Insall's 1/3 method.MethodsA consecutive series of 128 knees that underwent TKA from January 2015 to August 2018 were analyzed. In one group (64 knees), the medial 1/3 of tibial tubercle (the Insall's traditional method) was used for tibial component alignment. In the other group (64 knees), the three‐point line connecting the midpoint of the PCL, the midpoint of the tibial spines, and the midpoint of the ACL was used for tibial component alignment. Both groups used the anterior tibial tendon as the distal reference for tibial resection. The coronal alignment error of the tibial component was determined by the angle between the line parallel to the tibial component platform and the tibial mechanical axis measured on postoperative radiograph. The axial rotation error of the femoral or tibial component was the intersection angle between the transepicondylar axis (TEA) and a line tangent to the posterior edge of the femoral or tibial component measured on CT. The coronal and axial alignment errors were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe average coronal alignment error of the tibial component in the three‐point method group was 0.2° ± 1.4° versus − 0.9° ± 1.8°in the Insall's 1/3 method group (P < 0.001), and the mean absolute value in the three‐point method group reduced by 37.3% compared to Insall's traditional method group. The average axial rotation error of the femoral component was 0.2° ± 1.2° in the three‐point method group versus − 1.1° ± 1.7° in the Insall's 1/3 method group (P < 0.001), and the mean absolute value in three‐point method group decreased by 43.9% compared to Insall's traditional method group. The average axial rotation error of the tibial component was 0.4° ± 1.4° versus − 1.4° ± 1.8° in the Insall's 1/3 method group (P < 0.001), and the mean absolute value in the three‐point method group reduced by 35.5% compared to the Insall's traditional method group. The rates of rotation outliers were significantly lower in the three‐point method group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe line connecting the midpoint of the PCL, the midsulcus of the tibial spines, and the midpoint of the ACL could be used as the reference for the tibial resection and component placing. This method appears to be more accurate than Insall's 1/3 method. The results of this study provide a candidate method for component orientation with little error.