bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resources-energy-development nexus and its implications for achieving the SDGs in Asia
Authors: McLellan B C , Watari T , Ogata S , Tezuka T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Growing modern economies are built on a variety of resources, and transitioning to the type of societies that are targeted by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will require a dramatic increase of clean energy (SDG 7) and resources consumption (SDG 12). At the same time, they must be provided within the limits of local environments, with a consideration of the balance of local and global impacts and benefits. Based on mineral production and reserves data for Asian countries, and the predicted requirements of minerals for clean energy technologies for their climate mitigation policy (SDG 13), supply-demand balances are calculated under a variety of scenarios. The potential for supply restrictions of identified “critical” minerals in each economy is demonstrated. Policy issues related to transboundary governance of energy and material flows and their economic and environmental costs and benefits (across the supply chain) to achieve equitable opportunities for all, including for emerging resources such as deep ocean mining (SDG 14) are then discussed on the basis of the “nexus”. This “nexus” of resources and energy offers a different perspective on the overall implications for development than either goal individually, and this is the first such study to target the Asian region holistically.
Chemical composition, fiber morphology, and kraft pulping of empty fruit bunch of dura variety (Elaies guineensis Jack)
Authors: Yahya R , Sariasih Y , Silsia D , Nuriyatin N , Desmantoro  , Mainaswati  , Elveri O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Fiber dimension, chemical component and pulp properties of biomaterial will directly affect the process, cost and quality of the paper produced, unfortunately until now it is very difficult to find information regarding these traits for Dura varieties. This study aims to examine the suitability of OPEFB of dura variety as paper raw materials based on those properties. Measurement of fiber dimension was carried out on maceration preparation made using Fraklin solution. Chemical components were determined by following the Tappi test method procedure. Pulp was made by the kraft method, then the properties were analyzed using Tappi test method and Scan. The results showed that this material had thin-walled fibers (2.79 ± 0.84um) with a medium length (1073.81 ± 373.63 um). This material contained extractive (7.19%) and holocellulose (67.69%) which were categorized high, and low in lignin (21.08%). The pulp produced yield (39.7%) and a high-categorized kappa number (23.3) and low alkali consumption (9.4%). Based on those values, OPEFB of dura variety was suitable as raw material for paper manufacture, although more efforts are still needed to increase the pulp yield value, due to the high value of “uncooked” pulp (32.43%).
Surveillance of ectoparasitic fungi Laboulbeniopsis termitarius thaxt and Antennopsis gallica buchli and heim on subterranean termite reticulitermes spp. in Japan
Authors: Guswenrivo I , Tarmadi D , Sato H , Fujimoto I , Yoshimura T 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEctoparasitic fungi grow on the body surface of termites, and they might effect on behavior, reproductive, and survival of host termites. There are two common species of ectoparasitic fungi found on termite:Laboulbeniopsis gallicaThaxt andAntennopsis gallicaBuchli and Heim. In this study, the distribution ofL. termitariusandA. gallicainReticulitermesspp. colonies in Japan was observed. Meanwhile, the infection rate and strength ofL. termitariusandA. gallicawere discussed with references to the effects of environmental factors at the collections sites. In a total of 63 colonies ofReticulitermesspp. were collected from seventeen locations (from Hokkaido Prefecture to Okinawa Prefecture) in Japan. Five hundred workers and twenty soldiers from each colony were examined individually to see the infection ofL.termitariusandA.gallica. The survey showed thatL.termitariusdistributed in whole Japan andA.gallicahad a little bit restricted distribution. The infection rate of workers ofReticulitermesspp. varied among all locations: 0.10 – 16.10% for L.termitariusand 0 – 66.40% for A.gallica.No infected soldiers were observed. The negative relationship between temperature and infection rate was speculated in both fungi. Rearing the colonies in the laboratory might result in the spreading of the fungi in the colonies. Both fungi grew on any body parts of the termites. The trials for isolation and cultivation ofLaboulbeniopsis termitariusand A.gallicawith eight media did not succeed under the laboratory conditions.
Groundwater level response of the primary forest, ex-peatland fire, and community mix plantation in the Kampar peninsula, Indonesia
Authors: Suryatmojo H , Imron M A , Gasa M S , Saputra D M , Maryani  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Indonesia has voluntarily committed to mitigating climate change by reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 26 percent by 2020 and 41 percent by 2050. More than half of this reduction was originated from the forestry/peatlands sector. Avoiding peat fires is therefore crucial for Indonesia to meet its targets. However, the efforts have been hampered by the fact that a large area of peatland has been burnt. The estimated extent of peatland and mangrove burnt was 2,124,000 Ha during the forest fire in Indonesia in 1997/1998. In 1997-1998, high carbon emissions made Indonesia as one of the largest global polluters. The peat fire occurrence in Indonesia has caused severe problems from environmental, economic, health also mortality. Indonesia has the largest peatland area in the region, which is 20.6 million ha or 10.8% of the land area. These lands are spread across various islands, 7.2 million ha (35%) in the Sumatera island, 6.6 million ha (32%) in Kalimantan island, 0.6 million ha (3%) in Sulawesi island and around 6.2 million ha (30%) in Papua island. Peatland in the Sumatera island has suffered severe damage due to land clearing and burning. The objective of this research is to determine the characteristics of peatland in various land conditions, namely primary forest, ex-peatland fire, and community mix plantation as well as to learn the dynamics of peat groundwater level in each study location. Rainfall and groundwater level sensors installed in the primary forest, ex-peatland fire, and community mix plantation. Rainfall-groundwater level analysis conducted to understand the hydrological response in various peatland characteristics. The results showed that in the ex-peatland fire and mix plantation have changed the peat soil characteristics with an increase of soil bulk density. This indicates decreasing the infiltration capacity, soil porosity and increase the surface water in the peatland area. Increasing the groundwater level response to rainfall is stable in the natural peatland forest. This indicates the function of forest cover as rainfall interception and reduces the volume and lag time of rainwater before reaching the forest floor. Community plantation with low canopy diversity has lower forest cover function than in the natural peatland forest. This will increase the volume of rainwater in the peat soil and increase the rainfall-groundwater level response much higher than in the natural forest. Maintain the diversity of canopy cover and reduce the open peatland by fire will control the hydrological response in groundwater level dynamics.
The role of agroforestry system for microarthropods biodiversity at upstream area of Merawu watershed, Banjarnegara District, Indonesia
Authors: Sokheang U , Ratha C , Suryatmojo H , Satriagasa M C , Dewi H N , Astuti H P , Retnoadji B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The role of agroforestry system is significant for the sustainability of land-use, soil, water, biodiversity, and environmental conservation. The soil microfauna and vegetation pattern are potential as ecosystem indicators to evaluate the quality of the environment. The research was conducted in the catchment area level, using 9 plots with difference stratification of up-stream, mid-stream, and downstream in the catchment. The nested quadrate divides into 6 layers of vegetation, and soil fauna sample is in the middle of the study plot. The soil microarthropods is observed by Berlese fauna method for 7 days and identify order by microscope and counting. The result indicates that the microarthropods in the agroforestry system shown in high abundance and biodiversity. Moreover, the vegetation pattern has a strong correlation with the microarthropods biodiversity. The research found that microarthropods biodiversity and vegetation pattern in the agroforestry system have a strong correlation and interaction. This relation will have a significant role to maintain the ecosystem balance on nutrient and water cycle in the catchment area. Farmers on agroforestry system provide both of environment and economics by following the natural role to support agroforestry system as an ecosystem service.
Experimental study on the effectiveness of finger joint with variations in wood species toward bending strength of glulam beams
Authors: Anshari B , Rofaida A , Mahmud F , Pathurahman  , Rahmalia R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Recently, the utilization of timber as building materials was very promising for now and future. As renewable resources they have high mechanical properties, lightweight, environmentally friendly and economic. One of the most durable engineered wood products is glued-laminated timber which commonly called Glulam. Glulam is a material made of several layers of wood glued together with waterproof adhesive at specific pressure and temperature. The benefit of Glulam is enable to produce the structural member with longer span compared with solid wood. In other to obtain the structural Glulam with longer span, it required the finger joint connection on lamina layer. This study aims at to find out the effectiveness finger joint with variation in wood species towards flexural properties of Glulam beam. Experimental study have been done by using local wood Sengon and Rajumas as laminae and Biomatex as adhesive, at 0.6 MPa of clamp pressure. The variation of finger joint slope was tested are 1:8; 1:12; and 1:16. The result show that the glulam Sengon and Rajumas beam with slope finger joint of 1 over 12 produce the highest average bending strength of 299 kg/cm2 and 318 kg/cm2 respectively. The flexural strength of glulam Rajumas was 20% higher compared with glulam Sengon.
Mitigation: Lessons Learnt from Botanical Gardens in Indonesia
Authors: Oot Hotimah , Iskandar Rudi , Husmiati Ratu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Construction of Botanical Garden (BG) in Indonesia is taking place rapidly. Construction of BG is listed in the second National Medium-Term Development Plan 2010-2014 which is stipulated through the Presidential Regulation No. 5 of 2010, as one of the 9th National Priority activities concerning Environment and Disaster Management. These provisions have positioned BG in an effort to rescue, study and use Indonesian plants as increasingly strategic. The target of Indonesian BG in 2020 is to be able to collect 75% of Indonesian plants. Botanical Garden not only have important roles in the fields of conservation, research, environmental education and tourism, but also made significant contributions to environmental services. The construction of BGs in various regions in Indonesia has an important role in assisting to realise the government’s commitment to reduce carbon emissions by 26%, conserving and utilising local potential flora, providing natural laboratories for research, education and tourism purposes, and supporting the implementation of green open space programmes. Based on the Presidential Regulation No. 93 of 2011 concerning BG, BG was stated as ex-situ plant conservation areas that played roles in reducing the rate of degradation of plant diversity, so that it was crucial to develop BG. Botanical garden must be built in a planned, coordinated manner and meet the standards of building of a BG. Management of BG involved the maintenance and utilisation of BG, plant collections and supporting infrastructures.[1] Botanical garden served to help reforest the city with various types of species as the lungs of cities that produced oxygen, prevented erosion, and drought, as well as educative recreational sites. Disaster mitigation associated with BG denotes that the construction of BG in various parts of Indonesia is an effort to reduce the risk of disasters such as floods, droughts, air pollution, and loss of diversity of germplasm, and public awareness in the face of disaster threats. Stakeholders involved in the construction of BG are Indonesia Institute of Sciences/LIPI, local government, schools, universities, and non-governmental organisations. Public awareness in facing the threat of disasters through BG could be done through developing and implementing an environmental education of BG.
AIM/End-use Model for Selecting of Low-Carbon Technology in Indonesia’s Iron and Steel Industry
Authors: Dewi R G , Zunita M , Sevie G N , Kurniawati F W 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As an intensive energy-consuming, iron and steel making industry has significantly contributed to the national GHG emissions as the energy consumption is supplied by fossil fuels with high carbon emissions. The industry also releases GHG emissions during production processes, in which the emissions are considered as IPPU (industrial process and product use) category. There are still rooms for improvements in this industry, particularly those related to the efficiency improvement of energy use as well as material use or processes that could lead to the GHG emission reductions. Therefore, the iron and steel industry important roles to achieve the target of Indonesia’s NDC commitment in reducing GHG emissions and also towards the direction of low-carbon development and future climate resilience. In this study, a quantitative evaluation was conducted to analyse the effectiveness of emissions mitigation on potential energy saving and carbon emission reduction using the bottom-up AIM/End-use energy model in 2010-2050. This tool was used to select an optimal technology in detail with minimum cost approach. Several energy models have been proposed previously to quantify carbon emissions. However, a separate analysis of emissions from energy usage and IPPU (Industrial Process and Product Use) has never been done. The energy model was built under the baseline scenario and the following relevant mitigation scenario options were investigated: (i) adjusted the production structure, by increasing material efficiency with the scrap use in steel production process BF-BOF (Blast furnace-Basic oxygen furnaces) route and scrap-EAF (Electric arc furnace) route (CM1 scenario), (ii) maximised energy efficiency, by promoting low-carbon technology and non-blast furnace technology (smelting reduction) that is unimplemented early in modelling years in Indonesia will be included in the energy model for future reference (CM2 scenario), (iii) carbon emissions reduction through substitution of fossil fuels to low emission fuels (CM3 scenario). The expected results from the AIM/End-use model of Indonesia’s steel industry is to provide optimal mitigation options in terms of emission reductions and costs.
Projected extreme climate indices in the java island using cmip5 models
Authors: Putra I D G A , Rosid M S , Sopaheluwakan A , Ulina Y C , Harsa H , Permana D S , Cho J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Climate change has brought great environmental impacts that cause economic disruption as it causes extreme climate phenomena such as floods and droughts. The projection of precipitation and temperature is crucial to develop the adaptation and mitigation options, as well as to improve the operational strategies in various sectors. This study used Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) that consists of 29 GCMs to make the projection of precipitation and temperature (2011–2100), along with daily observational data from 16 stations over the Java island for 20 years (1986–2005) to evaluate the models. Spatial and temporal correlation method was used to evaluate the climate models and 5 GCMs with the best performance were selected to project the precipitation and temperature. A bias correction method called Simple Quantile Mapping (SQM) was used to adjust the climate models to better represent the observational data. Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)4.5 dan RCP8.5 scenarios were chosen and the extreme weather events were depicted using the Expert Team for Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI), which includes annual total precipitation (Prcptot), consecutive dry days (CDD), consecutive wet days (CWD), monthly maximum temperature (TXx) and monthly minimum temperature (TNn). Using the multi model ensemble (MME) from the 5 best GCMs, the projection of 5 extreme climate indices over Java island shows a relative increase to the historical period.
Dragonfly Species Diversity (Odonata) in Three Telaga on The Highland Freshwater, West Java
Authors: Wibowo S S , Basukriadi A , Winarni N L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Odonata was very selective to the habitat selection. Their sensitivity toward environment makes them be good indicator species. Information of species diversity of Odonata in the highland of tropical freshwater lakes is still rare. The purpose of this research was to compare species diversity of Odonata in Telaga Biru Mount Gede Pangrango National Park, Telaga Warna, Nature Park, and Telaga Saat, West Java. Data of Odonata population were collected using fixed point count method. The results showed that species diversity of Odonata in Telaga Saat is higher than Telaga Warna, Nature Park and Telaga Biru, Mount Gede Pangrango National Park. Species diversity indices of Odonata in the three of lakes ranged between 0.78 – 1.75 and were categorized medium and low diversity. Jaccard index of similarity showed that Telaga Warna and Telaga Saat had the similar communities of Odonata. The high index of species diversity of Odonata in Telaga Saat was probably due to the higher intensity of light, which created the higher air temperature at the lake. Species richness, diversity and Shannon index of Odonata was the highest in Telaga Saat compared two other sites.
Population structure and conservation strategy of Rafflesia zollingeriana Koord. in Bandealit Resort, Meru Betiri National Park
Authors: Maezulpah N , Briliawan B D , Fairuz R , Iman D T , Pratama M , Ahsania D A , Nurhayati  , Saidah I , Nurhaeni W , Hidayati S N , Khoirunnisa E , Tyas A , Hikmat A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Rafflesia is a rare species that become an icon for Indonesia. However, data on population dynamics and distribution of Rafflesia are are still limited. This study aimed to analyze the distribution and population structure of Rafflesia zollingeriana and its present condition in Meru Betiri National Park (TNMB). The research carried out at the Bandealit Resort used a purposive sampling method in two sample plots of 100 m × 100 m with R. zollingeriana as the midpoint. A sub-plot of 2 m × 2 m established at the location where R. zollingeriana found in the sample plot. This study observed 88 and 102 individuals of R. zollingeriana in Sample plot-1 and Sample plot-2, respectively. Population structure of R. zollingeriana found distributed at clusters in all plots.
Species Composition and Stand Structure in sub-montane Forest of Mount Galunggung, Tasikmalaya, West Java
Authors: Fathia A A , Hilwan I , Kusmana C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Mount Galunggung is an active stratovolcano in Tasikmalaya, West Jawa, which shows the last major eruption in 1982-1983. This eruption caused the changes in forest vegetation, so this study aims to analyze species composition and stand structure in Mount Galunggung forest. This study conducted using a combination between transect and line plot methods. Based on the findings, there are 58 species of trees and its regeneration belonging to 24 families and 63 species of understorey belonging to 21 families. The highest species number of trees and its regeneration comes from Theaceae (7 species), Lauraceae (7 species), Moraceae (5 species), and Myrtaceae family (4 species). Furthermore, the highest species number of understorey comes from Urticaceae (4 species), Rubiaceae (3 species), and Orchidaceae (3 species) family. The species composition of trees and its regeneration dominated by pioneer species such as Homalanthus populneus, Ficus spp., and Schima wallichii, and climax species such as Castanopsis javanica, C. tungurrut, and Macropanax dispermum. Besides that, understorey dominated by Begonia robusta, Pilea melastomoides, and Athyrium sorgonense. Diameter distribution of the trees forming inversed J-curve that was dominated by 10-20 cm diameter class. Stratification of the trees canopy dominated by C stratum (4-20 m).
Assessing the potential of Gunung Dahu Research Forest as Source-Identified Seed Stand of Shorea leprosula Miq
Authors: Pratiwi A T D A , Pamoengkas P , Rachmat H H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Shorea leprosula Miq is a species from Dipterocarp family with high economic value but has complex problems in seeds availability and storage. S. leprosula stand in Gunung Dahu Research Forest (GDRF), Bogor-West Java has been flowering for several times that makes these stand to have potential to be developed as seed stand. This research was aimed to assess the potential of Gunung Dahu Research Forest as source-identified seed stand for S. leprosula. Assessment was carried outin plot number 1, 2, 5, 7 and 21A by developing a scoring technique to several criteria, those were: total amount of seed trees, stand’s quality, flowering and fruits quality, stand’s health, trees parentage, accessibility, and stand’s security. Only those of plots having 94 points or above would be accepted as seed stand and that designated plot number 2, 5, and 21A with total score 131; 131.5; and 96.5 points accepted as seed stands while plot number 1 and 7 were failed to fulfil the criteria. Among those of accepted plots, plot number 5 has higher potential as seed stand because it has fewer disturbances than plot number 2.
Growth Response of Kopsia (Kopsia arborea Blume) Plants to Applied Endophytic Fungi
Authors: Rasyad S M , Wulandari A S , Istikorini Y 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The plant always associates with microbes for its life, includes the endophytes. Aim of this study is to examine the effect of endophytic fungi on Kopsia (Kopsia arborea) seed germination and seedling growth. Here, we used endophytic fungus from forest pathology laboratory, namely Phomopsis sp1, Phomopsis sp2, and Helminthosporium sp. All endophytic fungi were combined with liquid fertilizer to assess Kopsia seedling growth. The results showed that the Kopsia seed germinations, which treated with endophytic fungi have a higher value than the control. The endophytic fungi Phomopsis sp1 and Helminthosporium sp could increase the number of leaves without adding liquid fertilizer, while the Phomopsis sp2 needed liquid fertilizer for it. The NPA and the IMB values of the Kopsia seedlings are 0.71-1.71, and 0.18-0.33 strongly indicates the readiness of Kopsia seedlings to plant in the field, respectively.