bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Religious Composition of Top Income and Wealth Groups, a Global Overview
Authors: de Pablo José Navarro 
Published: December 2019

In this paper we focus on the top 10% of income earners, and within those at the individuals with more than 1 and 50 million in assets worldwide and their religion. This is a group of people with an inherent global outlook on their activities and social lives, who often share more interests in common with people along the same scale of wealth than with many of their fellow country-people at lower levels of income. The perception of political power gained by wealthy individuals punctually observed, has been found by research to be buttressed by the more active political participation by people in the upper ranges of income distribution and increased inequality is found to increase unequal political outcomes.
The social behaviour of this group of people at the top of the global income scale drives social policy, as these citizens tend to be better educated, connected, travelled and economically and politically active than the parts of the population that are worse off.
Religion, or the lack thereof, is a global social marker that influences behaviour on many levels, often at subconscious levels shared by whole societies, such as the perception of fairness and retribution, redistribution of resources and the wider relationship of society to economic resources.
Contemplated from a global perspective, religion as a shared cultural trait across nations may be a powerful unifier of interests and driver of political and economic action to tackle global problems such as climate change, environmental degradation, global poverty alleviation and other type of global externalities. Understanding the religious make-up of the group of people most active in shaping economic and cultural decisions globally should help in finding platforms for global cooperation.
Comment on “The Impact of Recent Forcing and Ocean Heat Uptake Data on Estimates of Climate Sensitivity”
Authors: Cowtan Kevin , Jacobs Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn 2018, Lewis and Curry presented a method for estimating the transient climate response (TCR) of the climate system from the temperature change between two time windows: an early baseline period in the nineteenth century and a modern period primarily in the twenty-first century. The results suggest a lower value of TCR than estimates from climate model simulations. Previous studies have identified uncertainty in the historical forcings, the impact of the time evolution of the forcing on temperature response, and observational issues as contributory factors to this disagreement. We investigate a further factor: uncertainty in the bias corrections applied to historical sea surface temperature data. This uncertainty can particularly affect the estimation of variables on decadal time scales and therefore affect the estimation of TCR using the window method as well as estimates of internal variability. We demonstrate that use of the whole historical record can mitigate the impacts of working with short time windows to some extent, particularly with respect to the early part of the record.
Reply to “Comment on ‘The Impact of Recent Forcing and Ocean Heat Uptake Data on Estimates of Climate Sensitivity’”
Authors: Lewis Nicholas , Curry Judith 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCowtan and Jacobs assert that the method used by Lewis and Curry in 2018 (LC18) to estimate the climate system’s transient climate response (TCR) from changes between two time windows is less robust—in particular against sea surface temperature bias correction uncertainty—than a method that uses the entire historical record. We demonstrate that TCR estimated using all data from the temperature record is closely in line with that estimated using the LC18 windows, as is the median TCR estimate using all pairs of individual years. We also show that the median TCR estimate from all pairs of decade-plus-length windows is closely in line with that estimated using the LC18 windows and that incorporating window selection uncertainty would make little difference to total uncertainty in TCR estimation. We find that, when differences in the evolution of forcing are accounted for, the relationship over time between warming in CMIP5 models and observations is consistent with the relationship between CMIP5 TCR and LC18’s TCR estimate but fluctuates as a result of multidecadal internal variability and volcanism. We also show that various other matters raised by Cowtan and Jacobs have negligible implications for TCR estimation in LC18.
Feature extraction and classification of heart sound using 1D convolutional neural networks
Authors: Li Fen , Liu Ming , Zhao Yuejin , Kong Lingqin , Dong Liquan , Liu Xiaohua , Hui Mei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe proposed a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) model, which divides heart sound signals into normal and abnormal directly independent of ECG. The deep features of heart sounds were extracted by the denoising autoencoder (DAE) algorithm as the input feature of 1D CNN. The experimental results showed that the model using deep features has stronger anti-interference ability than using mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, and the proposed 1D CNN model has higher classification accuracy precision, higherF-score, and better classification ability than backpropagation neural network (BP) model. In addition, the improved 1D CNN has a classification accuracy rate of 99.01%.
Biodegradation of dicofol by Microbacterium sp. D-2 isolated from pesticide-contaminated agricultural soil
Authors: Lu Peng , Liu Hong-ming , Liu Ai-min 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDicofol is an organochlorine insecticide widely used to prevent pests worldwide. Consequently, serious environmental problems have arisen from the application of dicofol. Bioremediation is an effective solution for dicofol persistence in the environment. In this study, a bacterial strain D-2, identified to genus Microbacterium, capable of degrading dicofol was isolated from dicofol-contaminated agricultural soil. This represents the first dicofol degrading bacterium isolated from this genus. Microbacterium sp. D-2 degraded 50 mg/L dicofol within 24 h at a rate of 85.1%. Dicofol was dechlorinated by D-2 and the further degradation metabolite was indentified as p,p′-dichlorobenzophenone(DCBP). Soils inoculated with Microbacterium sp. D-2 degraded 81.9% of the dicofol, while soils without D-2 only degraded 20.5% of the dicofol present. This finding suggests that strain D-2 has great potential in bioremediation of dicofol-contaminated soils.
A rapid method for evaluating the variables affecting traffic flow in a touristic road, Iran
Authors: Kardani-Yazd Neda , Kardani-Yazd Nadia , Mansouri Daneshvar Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate variables that influence traffic flow and its contribution to touristic transportation in a touristic road, Iran. The traffic flow data were extracted from the hour-by-hour data in 2018 from a local traffic control center in addition to three daily indices, including climatic comfort indicator, temperature inversion indicator, and temporal indicator of local calendar events, which were obtained from databases and equations. The data time series were arranged into diurnal, weekly, and monthly scales to apply in correlation tests.ResultsResults revealed that a rate of 18–25% of total transportation (about 3,500,000–5,000,000 vehicles from total 19,828,619 vehicles) was assumed as a touristic portion of the traffic flow in the study area. The relationships between independent variables and traffic flow data exposed the effective and considerable role of the local climate on the traffic flow at above 98% of confidence level, without a strong association between calendar effect and traffic flow. Statistical results in all temporal cycles revealed the significant positive and negative effects of the local climatic comfort index and temperature inversion index on the traffic flow, respectively.ConclusionsThe finding of this study described that the traffic flow and touristic transportation in the study area are more affected by the local climatic comfort and temperature inversion indices, but are less affected by the local calendar holidays and occasional vacations. Hence, the decision-makers in the study area sternly need a fundamental climatic calendar for management, tourism transportation, and traffic flow instead of the current local calendar.
Prevalence of Pre Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among cement industry workers
Authors: Meo Sultan Ayoub , Muneif Yasser Abdullah Bin , Ben Nasser Abdullah , AlSadhan Mohammad Abdullah , Hashem Raed Fuad , Alobaisi Abdullah Saud 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: Occupational and environmental pollution have become an imperative jeopardy for developing devastating metabolic diseases. Limited animal model studies have examined the impact of exposure to cement dust on metabolic conditions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of pre-diabetes and Type-2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) among non-smoking cement mill workers.
Methods: This epidemiological cross sectional study was conducted in the “Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia” during the period Oct 2016 to June 2017. Initially 310 cement mill workers were interviewed; after the interview and clinical history taking, 186 non-smoking cement mill employees were finally recruited. The cement mill employees were exposed to cement dust-related pollution in a cement industry for eight hours a day for six days a week. The mean age was 36.56 ± 0.78 years, mean BMI was 25.70 ± 0.29 m/kg2, and mean period of employment in the cement industry was 82.77 ± 6.95 months. HbA1c was measured using the Dimension Xpand Plus Integrated Chemistry System (USA).
Results: The cement mill employees were divided into three groups: non-diabetics group, with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <5.7%; pre-diabetics group, with HbA1c 5.7-6.4%; and diabetics group, with HbA1c >6.4%. Among the cement mill personnel, 79 (42.47%) were non-diabetics, 28 (15.05%) were pre-diabetics, and 79 (42.47%) were diabetics. The prevalence of pre-diabetes and T2DM among cement mill employees was considerably associated with the period of employment in the cement industry (p=0.032).
Conclusions: Exposure to cement dust was associated with an increased prevalence of pre- diabetes and T2DM among cement industry employees.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.1.1266
How to cite this:Meo SA, Bin-Muneif YA, BenOmran NA, AlSadhan MA, Hashem RF, Alobaisi AS. Prevalence of Pre Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among cement industry workers. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.1.1266
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Magnesium Sulfate in combination with Nifedipine in the treatment of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
Authors: Xiang Cuiping , Zhou Xuegui , Zheng Xiaoxia 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To investigate the effect of magnesium sulfate combined with nifedipine in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (PIHS).
Methods: Total 118 pregnant women with PIHS who were admitted to our hospital from April 2017 to June 2018 were randomly divided into control group (59 cases) and observation group (59 cases). The observation group was treated by magnesium sulfate in combination with nifedipine, while the control group was treated by magnesium sulfate. The therapeutic effect, serum leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), Apelin level, blood pressure, blood viscosity, urinary protein, S/D and Umbilical Artery Resistance Index (UARI) were compared between the two groups.
Results: The effective rate of the observation group was 94.9%, higher than 83.1% of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The decrease level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the observation group was better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The decrease of blood viscosity, urinary protein, S/D and UARI in the observation group was greater than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The improvement of serum LIF and Apelin levels in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate combined with nifedipine in the treatment of PIHS has a significant effect, which can effectively control edema, blood pressure, proteinuria and protect kidney. It is worth clinical promotion.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.1.706How to cite this:Xiang C, Zhou X, Zheng X. Magnesium Sulfate in combination with Nifedipine in the treatment of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.1.706
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on multi-core microfiber for humidity and temperature sensing
Authors: Cheng Junni 
Published: December 2019

A novel relative humidity (RH) sensor, based on an in-line microfiber interferometer (MFI), is proposed and demonstrated in an experiment. The microfiber interferometer is fabricated by tapering multi-core fiber down to the micrometer scale in diameter, and the coupling occurs between the center core mode and the multiple side core modes. To enhance the sensing performance, the microfiber sensor is fixed as U-shaped. The variation of RH is monitored by observing the wavelength shift of the transmission spectrum. The experimental results show that the sensor has a good linear response to RH. A thinner MFI diameter of 8.52 µm can offer a better RH sensitivity of 59.8 pm/(%RH) in the range of 35–95% RH. When temperature changes from 35°C to 85°C, the temperature sensitivity of the sensor is 4.2 pm/°C, which demonstrates that the sensor is insensitive to temperature. The simultaneous measurement of temperature and RH can be realized by cascading with fiber Bragg grating. The microfiber sensor is easy to fabricate and does not have any functional coating, which makes it widely used in accurate RH measuring.
Effect of moving microalgae on underwater wireless optical links
Authors: Guerra Victor , Rufo Julio , Rabadan Jose , Perez-Jimenez Rafael 
Published: December 2019

Underwater wireless optical communications is a promising technique for
addressing short-range data networks, as it provides cost,
performance, and complexity improvements as compared with other
alternatives, such as acoustic communications or radio frequency
links. It is a part of the optical wireless communications research
area, since for these applications, broad optical sources such as
visible LED lamps can be used. Unless those links are designed for
short distances (about 1 m, as in data-muling services on
internet-of-things submerged systems), they are still severely
affected by channel perturbations, such as scattering due to the
presence of particles. This effect is particularly important when
considering sensing applications for algae or aquaculture farming,
which are becoming a crucial economic resource in many maritime areas.
In this work, the effects of moving microalgae on underwater
short-range optical links are studied so as to estimate a model for
this scattering under dynamic conditions. The statistical parameters
over experimentally measured received signal level and signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR) are calculated, and the experimental setup is described.
Results show that in clear water (no-algae scenario), the
water-pump-induced movement effect over the mean and variance of the
received optical power can be neglected, while when microalgae are
present, the average optical power value decreases and the variance
increases with all measured wavelengths. Finally, the SNR penalty due
to the movement of microalgae is statistically evaluated.
Dynamic bouncing mode cavity for integratable broadband light trapping and release
Authors: Liu Ye , Jiang Chun 
Published: December 2019

We propose a dynamic process based on a new structure of bouncing mode cavity to realize integratable long-term light pulse trapping and release on a waveguide. To break the delay-bandwidth limit, the idea of a bouncing mode cavity is to bind a guided light pulse bouncing back and forth inside. Being compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (COMS) processing, an optimized boundary mirror design with an ultra-low loss and a broad bandwidth is presented. Using the dynamic bouncing mode cavity composed of a switchable boundary mirror, the simulation of controlled optical pulse storage is demonstrated on a two-dimensional waveguide. The results show that the long lifetime of 32 ns and the wide bandwidth of 16.11 THz can be obtained simultaneously. All the results are verified with finite-difference time-domain numerical calculation. With progress in manipulating the optical properties of materials, this approach may contribute to integrated photonic devices for optical information processing.
Polarization and modal analysis of a large-area, polarization-maintaining higher-order-modes fiber via a Bragg grating
Authors: Ahmad Raja , Westbrook Paul S. , Abedin Kazi S. , Nicholson Jeffrey W. , Yan Man F. , DiGiovanni David J. 
Published: December 2019

We report a method for the characterization of the higher-order modes in polarization-maintaining multimode optical fibers using a Bragg grating. We evaluate a 400 µm diameter, polarization-maintaining higher-order-modes fiber by inscribing a Bragg grating, resonant at the wavelength

λ
∼

1067

n
m

. By comparing the reflection spectra of the light polarized along the slow and the fast axes of the fiber and using the derived mathematical relations, we estimate the birefringence and the polarization-extinction ratio of the various higher-order modes in the fiber. This represents a simple and attractive approach for a detailed investigation of the multimode polarization-maintaining fibers that are emerging as an invaluable tool for advanced manufacturing, defense, bio-imaging, and telecommunications systems.
Disrupting the status quo: Educating pre-service music teachers through culturally relevant pedagogy
Authors: Maybin Colleen B. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Scholars theorizing in the area of social justice and music education argue that music has the potential to prepare students to engage in a society that cultivates personal freedom and democratic participation. The continued reliance on values and practices of Western art music within music teacher education has resulted in a disconnect between this discourse and professional practice. The status quo perpetuates conditions that limit accessibility, privilege western art music and maintain whiteness as ‘normal’. In this article, I suggest that this disconnection can be addressed by introducing culturally relevant pedagogy within music education training programmes. Culturally relevant pedagogy, focusing on reflexive practice and place-based education, requires pre-service music educators to think deeply about experiences of marginalized music education students and critically examine the values and beliefs they hold. Embedding the values of culturally relevant pedagogy within music education training creates space for music from different cultural contexts including popular music.
A perspectiva discente sobre os resíduos sólidos em uma escola do semiárido Nordestino
Authors: Rodrigues Carla Manoela Costa , Dantas Marcelo Campêlo 
Published: December 2019

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a percepção dos estudantes de uma escola da rede pública de ensino sobre os resíduos sólidos no âmbito da educação ambiental. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de um questionário a 90 alunos do ensino médio no município de Crateús-CE. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria (64 %) dos estudantes vê o lixo como algo inútil. Boa parte dos alunos (69%) conheceu o tema “lixo” nas aulas de biologia, porém, a frequência de aulas que abordem a temática é considerada baixa pelos mesmos. Os projetos e ações governamentais são os meios mais referidos na conscientização e a minimização do lixo deve ocorrer por meio de ações sustentáveis segundo os estudantes. Apesar dos discentes conheceram certas condutas sustentáveis, ainda não estão a par da realidade social caracterizada pela produção de lixo.

The student perspective on solid waste in a school in the semi-arid Northeast

The present work had the objective of analyzing the perception of students of a school in the public system on solid waste in the scope of environmental education. Data collection was done through a semi-structured questionnaire to 90 high school students. The results showed that the majority (64%) of the students see the trash as something useless. Most of the students (69%) knew the subject "junk" in biology classes, however, the frequency of classes that approach the subject is considered low by them. It is observed that although the students know some concepts and sustainable behaviors, they still present a simplistic view on the problem of garbage, and they have little information regarding the social reality that characterizes the solid waste production.

Keywords: Solid Waste. Garbage. Perception of students. Environmental
Education.
Super-explotación de la naturaleza y el trabajo en sociedades extractivas. Capitalismo y patriarcado en el neodesarrollismo en la Argentina
Authors: Féliz Mariano , Migliaro Alicia Isabel 
Published: December 2019

En este trabajo nos proponemos debatir la articulación del capitalismo-patriarcal en el contexto del proyecto neodesarrollista en Argentina. Partimos de la consideración del neodesarrollismo como una fase superior del capitalismo dependiente, el cual se asienta en las desigualdades sociales preexistentes, actualizando los mecanismos de dominación y profundizando los sistemas de estratificación social.
En primer término, nos abocaremos a captar la especificidad del extractivismo en el capitalismo dependiente contemporáneo. En segundo lugar, analizamos la forma en que se articulan los debates feministas con los análisis del extractivismo, profundizando en una lectura interseccional del extractivismo y en la articulación capitalista-patriarcal. Finalmente, plantearemos como el neodesarrollismo en Argentina se constituyó como una forma específica de producción/reproducción en el capitalismo-patriarcal contemporáneo y a la vez una modalidad particular de procesar los procesos conflictivos de apropiación (super-explotación) del trabajo y la naturaleza. Este contexto de expansión capitalista configura un decidido ataque a la reproducción de la vida al que deberemos responder, desde las grietas de una sistema en crisis, radicalizando el compromiso en la construcción de vidas dignas de ser vividas.