bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of bariatric surgery on oral anticoagulants pharmacology, and consequences for clinical practice: a narrative review
Authors: Leven Cyril , Hoffmann Clément , Roche Charles , Couturaud Francis , Thereaux Jérémie , Lacut Karine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing in recent years worldwide. At the same time bariatric surgery, the best therapeutic strategy to date in terms of sustainable weight loss and improvement of associated comorbidities has been also increasing. However, these surgeries, whether primarily restrictive or malabsorptive, raise questions about the pharmacology of oral drugs. Among widely used drugs, anticoagulants are the referent therapy to treat some cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. How bariatric surgery may impact pharmacological properties of oral anticoagulants, and more specifically, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are difficult to anticipate. In this review, we describe available data concerning the potential impact of bariatric surgery on the pharmacology of oral anticoagulants. The vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) requirements for the same international normalized ratio target are reduced after bariatric surgery. Limited data available for dabigatran 150 mg twice daily indicate a risk of insufficient efficacy in atrial fibrillation after gastric bypass due to probable impaired absorption. Data for rivaroxaban at the prophylactic dose of 10 mg per day suggest no impact of bariatric surgery from 3 days to 8 months post‐surgery. However, no conclusive data are available for other anticoagulants or the use of DOACs at therapeutic doses. To date, DOACs are not recommended in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery, because of limited available data. Pending new studies to confirm the predictable pharmacokinetics and safety of DOACs in this population, especially at therapeutic doses, VKAs remain the first option for chronic anticoagulation.
Predicting soil carbon changes in switchgrass grown on marginal lands under climate change and adaptation strategies
Authors: Martinez‐Feria Rafael , Basso Bruno 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe United States Great Lakes Region (USGLR) is a critical geographic area for future bioenergy production. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is widely considered a carbon (C)‐neutral or C‐negative bioenergy production system, but projected increases in air temperature and precipitation due to climate change might substantially alter soil organic C (SOC) dynamics and storage in soils. This study examined long‐term SOC changes in switchgrass grown on marginal land in the USGLR under current and projected climate, predicted using a process‐based model (Systems Approach to Land‐Use Sustainability) extensively calibrated with a wealth of plant and soil measurements at nine experimental sites. Simulations indicate that these soils are likely a net C sink under switchgrass (average gain 0.87 Mg C ha−1 year−1), although substantial variation in the rate of SOC accumulation was predicted (range: 0.2–1.3 Mg C ha−1 year−1). Principal component analysis revealed that the predicted intersite variability in SOC sequestration was related in part to differences in climatic characteristics, and to a lesser extent, to heterogeneous soils. Although climate change impacts on switchgrass plant growth were predicted to be small (4%–6% decrease on average), the increased soil respiration was predicted to partially negate SOC accumulations down to 70% below historical rates in the most extreme scenarios. Increasing N fertilizer rate and decreasing harvest intensity both had modest SOC sequestration benefits under projected climate, whereas introducing genotypes better adapted to the longer growing seasons was a much more effective strategy. Best‐performing adaptation scenarios were able to offset >60% of the climate change impacts, leading to SOC sequestration 0.7 Mg C ha−1 year−1 under projected climate. On average, this was 0.3 Mg C ha−1 year−1 more C sequestered than the no adaptation baseline. These findings provide crucial knowledge needed to guide policy and operational management for maximizing SOC sequestration of future bioenergy production on marginal lands in the USGLR.
Inhibitor development in previously untreated patients with severe haemophilia: A comparison of included patients and outcomes between a clinical study and a registry‐based study
Authors: Jonker Carla J. , Oude Rengerink Katrien , Hoes Arno W. , Mol Peter G. M. , van den Berg H. Marijke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate whether a disease registry could serve as a suitable alternative to clinical studies to investigate safety of orphan drugs in children.MethodsWe used individual patient data from previously untreated patients (PUPs) with severe haemophilia A from the factor VIII (rAHF‐PFM)‐clinical study and the PedNet registry. The primary outcome was the patient characteristics at entry and the difference in inhibitor development between the clinical study and the registry‐based study at 50 exposure days.ResultsClinical study patients more often had a positive family history of inhibitors (31% vs 10%) and a high‐risk F8 genotype (82% vs 63%). In the clinical study 41/55 (75%) and in the registry‐based study 162/168 (96%) patients reached 50 exposure days. Inhibitors developed in 16 of the 41 patients in the clinical study (39%) vs 44 of the 162 patients in the registry‐based study (27%); seven patients (7%) vs 28 patients (17%) had high‐titre inhibitors. The risk of developing an inhibitor during the first 50 exposure days was similar (HR 1.04; 95% CI 0.56‐1.94), when adjusted for family history of inhibitors, F8 gene mutation and intensive treatment at first exposure.ConclusionIn the registry‐based study, patient numbers and completeness of follow‐up were higher. The risk of developing an inhibitor to a single product was comparable. Although the sample size of this study was too small to conclude on differences in high‐ or low‐titre inhibitors, this suggests that a registry could serve as a more suitable source for evaluation of high‐titre inhibitors in the setting of factor VIII deficiency.
Associations between human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and eating behaviour in Hispanic infants at 1 and 6 months of age
Authors: Plows Jasmine F. , Berger Paige K. , Jones Roshonda B. , Yonemitsu Chloe , Ryoo Ji H. , Alderete Tanya L. , Bode Lars , Goran Michael I. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are naturally occurring glycans in human breast milk that act as prebiotics in the infant gut. Prebiotics have been demonstrated to suppress appetite in both adults and children. Therefore, HMOs may affect infant eating behaviour.ObjectiveTo determine if HMOs in breast milk are associated with eating behaviour in Hispanic infants.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of a prospective cohort of Hispanic mother‐infant dyads (1‐month, n = 157; 6‐months, n = 69). Breast milk samples were screened for 19 HMOs using high pressure liquid chromatography, and eating behaviour was assessed using the Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (BEBQ). We conducted multiple linear regressions to examine associations between HMOs and BEBQ scores, adjusted for maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI, infant sex, birthweight, delivery mode and number of breastfeedings per day. We stratified by HMO secretor status—a genetic determinant of the types of HMOs produced.ResultsAt 1 month, LNnT (lacto‐N‐neotetraose; P = .04) was negatively associated with food responsiveness in the total sample, while DFLNT (difucosyllacto‐N‐tetrose; P = .03) and DSLNT (disialyl‐LNT; P = .04) were negatively associated with food responsiveness in secretors only. At 6 months, LSTc (sialyllacto‐N‐tetraose c; P = .01), FLNH (fucosyllacto‐N‐hexaose; P = .03), LNH (lacto‐N‐hexaose; P = .006) and DSLNH (disialyllacto‐N‐hexaose; P = .05) were positively associated with food responsiveness in both the total sample and secretors only.ConclusionsWe found several HMOs that were both positively and negatively associated with infant food responsiveness, which is a measure of drive to eat.
Prevalence and correlation of OXIS contacts using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images and photographs
Authors: Kirthiga M. , Muthu M.S. , Lee Justin Jae Cheoun , Kayalvizhi G. , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Song Ji Soo , Shin Kim , Praveen R 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe contact areas in between primary teeth are broader, flatter, and located further cervically when compared with the contact areas of permanent molars.AimWe investigated the prevalence of interproximal contact area types of primary molars using CBCT images in children aged 3‐10 years. Our second objective was to correlate OXIS contact areas when observed with CBCT images and clinical photographs.DesignA retrospective cross‐sectional study was performed with 367 CBCT images of children, aged 3‐10 years, obtained from Children's Dental Centre, South Korea. The type of contacts in between primary molars was scored at various levels, specifically, occlusal, middle, and cervical thirds, according to OXIS criteria. Following this, the same patient's records were checked for the presence of clinical photographs and scored according to the same criteria. Prevalence was stated as percentages along with numbers. Chi‐square test was applied to determine association of contact areas across genders and arches. The correlation between the two methods was done by Cohen's Kappa correlation test.ResultsThe prevalence of the OXIS contacts obtained from CBCT images was as follows: I (79.7%), followed by X (10.0%), S (6.6%), and, finally, O (3.7%). The overall score of all the 1343 contact areas matched with the score observed at the occlusal third. All included contacts were of O (open) type at cervical third, and 1,231 contacts were of O (open) type at the middle third. Significant results were observed with respect to arches (P < .001). The correlation between the two methods was found to be 0.958.ConclusionsThe contact area observed at the occlusal level determined the overall type of contact based on OXIS criteria. Thus, reports in the literature concluded that contact areas are broad, flat, and extend further gingivally should be revised. The study also concluded almost perfect agreement between CBCT images and clinical photographs.
PCSK9 inhibitor and atorvastatin reduce cardiac impairment in ovariectomized prediabetic rats via improved mitochondrial function and Ca2+ regulation
Authors: Amput Patchareeya , Palee Siripong , Arunsak Busarin , Pratchayasakul Wasana , Thonusin Chanisa , Kerdphoo Sasiwan , Jaiwongkam Thidarat , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPost‐menopausal women have a higher risk of developing cardiometabolic dysfunction. Atorvastatin attenuates dyslipidaemia and cardiac dysfunction but it can have undesirable effects including increased risk of diabetes and myalgia. Currently, the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor efficiently reduces low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels more effectively than atorvastatin. We have been suggested that PCSK9 inhibitor attenuated cardiometabolic impairment more effectively than atorvastatin in ovariectomized prediabetic rats. Female Wistar rats (n = 48) were fed a normal diet (ND) or high‐fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Then, HFD rats were assigned to a sham‐operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (OVX) group. Six weeks after surgery, the OVX group was subdivided into 4 treatment groups: vehicle (HFOV), atorvastatin (HFOA) (40 mg/kg/day; s.c.), PCSK9 inhibitor (HFOP) (4 mg/kg/day; s.c.) and oestrogen (HFOE2) (50 µg/kg/day; s.c.) for an additional 3 weeks. Metabolic parameters, cardiac and mitochondrial function, and [Ca2+]i transients were evaluated. All HFD rats became obese‐insulin resistant. HFS rats had significantly impaired left ventricular (LV) function, cardiac mitochondrial function and [Ca2+]i transient dysregulation. Oestrogen deprivation (HFOV) aggravated all of these impairments. Our findings indicated that the atorvastatin, PCSK9 inhibitor and oestrogen shared similar efficacy in the attenuation in cardiometabolic impairment in ovariectomized prediabetic rats.
Association between tear and blood glucose concentrations: Random intercept model adjusted with confounders in tear samples negative for occult blood
Authors: Aihara Masakazu , Kubota Naoto , Minami Takahiro , Shirakawa Rika , Sakurai Yoshitaka , Hayashi Takanori , Iwamoto Masahiko , Takamoto Iseki , Kubota Tetsuya , Suzuki Ryo , Usami Satoshi , Jinnouchi Hideaki , Aihara Makoto , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Sakata Toshiya , Kadowaki Takashi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo prevent diabetic complications, strict glucose control and frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels with invasive methods are necessary. We considered the monitoring of tear glucose levels might be a possible method for non‐invasive glucose monitoring. To develop tear glucose monitoring for clinical application, we investigated the precise correlation between the blood and tear glucose concentrations.Materials and MethodsA total of 10 participants and 20 participants with diabetes were admitted, and blood and tear samples were collected. Before statistical analysis, we eliminated tear samples contaminated with blood. We observed the daily blood and tear glucose dynamics, and carried out a random intercept model analysis to examine the association between the blood and tear glucose concentrations.ResultsTear occult blood tests showed that the tear glucose concentrations and their variation increased in both participants with and without diabetes as contamination of blood increased. In both participants with and without diabetes, fluctuations of the plasma glucose concentrations were observed depending on the timing of collection of the samples, and the dynamics of the tear glucose concentrations paralleled those of the plasma glucose concentrations. The random intercept model analysis showed a significant association between the plasma and tear glucose concentrations in participants with diabetes (P < 0.001). This association still existed even after adjusting for the glycated hemoglobin levels and the prandial state (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIt is important to eliminate the tear samples contaminated with blood. Tear glucose monitoring might be a reliable and non‐invasive substitute method for monitoring the blood glucose concentrations for diabetes patients, irrespective of glycated hemoglobin levels and timing of sample collection.
Lower intake of saturated fatty acids is associated with persistently higher arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mita Tomoya , Someya Yuki , Osonoi Yusuke , Osonoi Takeshi , Saito Miyoko , Nakayama Shiho , Ishida Hidenori , Sato Hiroaki , Gosho Masahiko , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThere are few studies to investigate the relationship between macronutrients and longitudinal changes in arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This exploratory study sought to determine whether macronutrients were correlated with increased arterial stiffness independently of conventional atherosclerotic risk factors.Materials and MethodsThe study participants comprised 733 type 2 diabetes outpatients who had no apparent history of cardiovascular diseases. The dietary schedule was assessed with a validated, brief, self‐administered diet history questionnaire. At baseline and at years 2 and 5, brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity was measured. A multivariable linear mixed‐effects model was used to determine the predictive values of macronutrients and atherosclerotic risk factors for longitudinal changes in brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity.ResultsThere was a significant increase in brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity values over the 5‐year follow‐up period. In a multivariable linear mixed‐effects model that adjusted for age and sex, lower saturated fatty acid intake was significantly correlated with persistently higher brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity, independently of other atherosclerotic risk factors. Lower intake of dairy products in particular showed this correlation.ConclusionsOur data showed that lower saturated fatty acids intake was correlated with persistently higher brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity in type 2 diabetes patients. Among food sources of saturated fatty acids, lower dairy products specifically were correlated with elevated brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity. This might be because the consumption of dairy products in Japan is much lower than in Western countries.
Simultaneous use of SIT plus disseminator devices of Beauveria bassiana enhances horizontal transmission in Anastrepha ludens
Authors: Montoya Pablo , Flores Salvador , Campos Sergio , Liedo Pablo , Toledo Jorge 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBeauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus widely used to control different insect pests including Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae), a key pest of citrus and mangoes. Currently, to control this pest, sterile A. ludens males of the Tap‐7 genetic sexing strain are released weekly by aircraft at a density of 1,000 males/ha as part of an integrated pest management programme (IPM) in Southern Mexico. Our objective here was to determine whether the sterile insect technique (SIT) could be enhanced by augmenting it with horizontal transmission of fungus conidia by using Beauveria bassiana disseminator devices (DBb) designed to distribute it with minimal impact on non‐target species. Four treatments were established: DBb only, DBb + SIT, SIT only and untreated control, and fruit fly populations were monitored using two Multilure traps baited with 250 ml of CeraTrap per plot. We found that the presence of B. bassiana disseminator devices in areas where A. ludens sterile males were released resulted in higher proportions of infected wild fruit flies in the field, and that high relative humidity (rainy season) played an important role in the efficiency of horizontal conidia transmission to the wild populations. We conclude that the simultaneous use of both strategies (SIT + DBb) increases the conidia transmission to wild populations, and that this approach could be incorporated to an integrated pest management for the better suppression of fruit fly populations.
Dynamic economic thresholds for the management of vegetable leafminer on glasshouse cucumber estimated by simulated defoliation
Authors: Iranipour Shahzad , Alaei Tahereh , Karimzadeh Roghaiyeh , Michaud J. P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDefoliation by the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae), was simulated by removing known amounts of leaf area with a hole punch in a glasshouse experiment that evaluated 21 combinations of defoliation intensity, timing and duration on cucumber yields. Defoliation was quantified in cm2‐days (leaf area removed x no. days), and linear regression was used to correlate yield losses to simulated damage. The probability of erroneous decisions associated with different intensities of sequential sampling was explored. Spatial heterogeneity in leafminer infestation and the cumulative impact of defoliation over time were both considered, and the economic costs associated with wrong decisions were also assessed. Significant yield loss was observed beyond 10,000 cm2‐days of defoliation, whereas lower defoliation levels were tolerated by plants. The economic injury level (EIL) rose at an increasing rate as the onset of defoliation moved later in the season. An algorithm was used to estimate monthly EILs that farmers can use to guide leafminer management decisions in cucumber and minimize their economic risk.
Abundances of thrips on plants in vegetative and flowering stages are related to plant volatiles
Authors: Ren Xiaoyun , Wu Shengyong , Xing Zhenlong , Gao Yulin , Cai Wanzhi , Lei Zhongren 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWestern flower thrips (WFTs), Frankliniella occidentalis Pergrande, and onion thrips (OTs), Thrips tabaci Lindeman, are two cosmopolitan insect pests of agricultural and horticultural plants. Understanding the occurrence and development of thrips on plants is crucial for identifying suitable plants that can be used for developing a “push‐pull” strategy against thrips. In this study, the dynamics of WFTs and OTs on plants (Allium fistulosum L., Medicago sativa L., Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem., Ocimum basilicum L., and Schizonepeta tenuifolia (Benth.) Briq.) were investigated for two consecutive years (2018–2019). Throughout the survey, the abundances of both thrips species were strongly associated with plant species and plant phenology; both thrips species were present at relatively high densities on M. sativa but very low densities on O. basilicum and S. tenuifolia. Populations of both thrips species greatly increased during plant flowering. A Y‐tube olfactory test was used to study the effects of plant volatiles in mediating thrips behaviour and showed that volatiles of M. sativa were attractive to both thrips species whether emitted by the plant in the vegetative or flowering stage, while volatiles of O. basilicum and S. tenuifolia were repellent to thrips. Additionally, because of the presence of a high number of floral chemicals, both thrips species exhibited a greater preference for volatiles emitted by plants in the flowering period over those emitted by plants in the vegetative period. Our observations indicate that plant species and flowering status play an important role in the abundance dynamics of thrips and that the volatiles of flowering plants attract thrips more strongly than volatiles emitted by vegetative plants. These findings can facilitate the screening of attractive/unattractive plants for developing push‐pull strategies to control thrips.
Zinc deficiency in low‐ and middle‐income countries: prevalence and approaches for mitigation
Authors: Gupta S. , Brazier A. K. M. , Lowe N. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis review addresses the prevalence of zinc deficiency in Low‐ and Middle‐income Countries (LMICs) and assesses the available strategies for its alleviation. The paucity of national‐level data on the zinc deficiency in LMICs is partially a result of the lack of a reliable biomarker. Zinc deficiency appears to be a public health problem in almost all the LMICs, irrespective of the recommended indicators (plasma zinc concentration, dietary zinc adequacy and stunting prevalence) used. Based on plasma/serum zinc concentration (PZC), which is the most appropriate indicator at present, the prevalence of zinc deficiency in LMICs is of concern. Among the 25 countries for which national PZC data were available, 23 had a zinc deficiency prevalence of >20% for at least one physiological group. Zinc supplementation is largely restricted as an adjunct therapy for diarrhoea management in children, and the best platform and the most effective way of preventive zinc supplementation delivery remains to be established. Impact assessment for current zinc fortification programmes in LMICs and the effectiveness of zinc supplementation as part of a multi‐micronutrient powder is to be determined. Dietary diversification, though promising for LMICs, is in the nascent stages of development at present. Inclusion of meat and animal products can be an important way of improving zinc status. Programmatic experience with the promotion of home processing techniques to increase absorbable zinc in the diet is lacking. Conventional biofortification techniques are gaining recognition in LMICs; however, transgenic biofortification as a strategy remains controversial.