bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro comparison of efficacy of triclosan coated & uncoated sutures against the bacteria isolated from SSI at tertiary care hospital, Aurangabad
Authors: J A Pohekar , M V Mulay 
Published: April 2020

Most common Health Care Associated Infections (HAI) are Urinary tract infection (UTI)33%,Pneumonia – 15%, Surgical Site Infections (SSI) – 15%, Blood stream infections – 13%, & other miscellaneous infections – 24%. SSI is defined as infection at the surgical site that occurs within 30 days of the surgical procedure or within one year – if there is an implant or foreign body such as prosthetic heart valve or joint prosthesis. Wound infections are always multifactorial. Risk factors for SSI include co-morbidity, malnutrition, nicotine, suture and implanted foreign material. SSI increases morbidity & mortality in post surgical patients, & also increases hospital stay, it affects quality of life and increases financial burden to healthcare system. It may lead to major complications such as sepsis and death. Patient related risk factors are smoking, obesity and diabetes. Skin preparation with antiseptic and preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis for clean-contaminated and contaminated surgery have proved efficient for decreasing SSI. Sutures in contaminated tissues may enhance penetration of micro organisms in deeper tissues & biofilm formation and this may protect organisms from host defence mechanism. One of the risk factors is the foreign material which includes suture. Commonly isolated pathogens from SSI are Staphylococcus aureus, CONS, Enterococcus species, E.coli & resistant pathogens like MRSA & candida (due to widespread use of broad spectrum anti-microbial agents.) In this study we have compared in vitro efficacy of triclosan coated polyglactin 910 suture with non – coated sutures against common bacteria isolated from SSI.We have randomly selected the strains of MRSA, MRCONS, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, E. Coli, Klebsiella, & Acinetobacter species isolated from clinical samples of SSI. These isolates were tested against triclosan coated & non coated sutures which are commercially available. Similar length of (4cm) of sutures cut & tested for zone of inhibition on lawn culture made on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) by using 0.5 McFarland standard of above strains by touching 4 to 5 colonies of each bacterium. It is incubated overnight at 37C & examined for zone of inhibition. zone of inhibition of coated & uncoated sutures has been measured & compared for each strain.In vitro,triclosan coated sutures showed good antibacterial activity than non coated sutures & hence triclosan coated sutures may help in reducing bacterial SSI rate and thus reduce cost & duration of hospital stay for the patient.
Development of multiplex PCR for rapid detection of metallo-β-lactamase genes in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Ranjbar Reza , Zayeri Shahin , Mirzaie Amir 
Published: April 2020

Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii has been known as a major pathogen causing nosocomial infec- tions. The aim of this study was to develop multiplex PCR for rapid and simultaneous detection of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) genes in clinical isolates of A. baumannii.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we used three sets of primers to amplify the MBL genes including bla ,

bla

and bla

OXA-48
. The multiplex PCR assay was optimized for rapid and simultaneous detection of MBL genes in A. bau-

OXA-23

NDM

mannii strains recovered from clinical samples.
Results: A. baumannii strains recovered from clinical samples were subjected to the study. The multiplex PCR produced 3

OXA-48

OXA-23

bands of 501 bp for bla , 744 bp for bla
observed in multiplex PCR.

OXA-48

and 623 bp for bla

NDM

genes. In addition to, no any cross-reactivity was

Conclusion: Based on obtained data, the multiplex PCR had a good specificity without any cross reactivity and it appears
that the multiplex PCR is reliable assay for simultaneous detection of MBL genes in A. baumannii strains.
Comparative evaluation of hydrogen peroxide sporicidal efficacy by different standard test methods
Authors: Sadeghi Simin , Abdollahi Soosan , Tarighi Parastoo , Samadi Nasrin 
Published: April 2020

Background and Objectives: There are different sporicidal standard tests with various specifications to deal with products
that are claimed for sporicidal activity. The aim of this study was to compare the 7% H O sporicidal efficacy against Bacillus
2 2
subtilis spores using different standard test methods.
Materials and Methods: The 7% H O sporicidal efficacy against Bacillus subtilis spores was determined according to the
2 2
AOAC MB-15-04 standard of carrier test and two standard suspension tests (BS EN 13704, AFNOR NF 72-230) in both clean and dirty conditions and by using different interfering substances including bovine serum albumin, yeast extract and skimmed milk.
Results: The results of suspension tests with 3 × 105 and 2 × 107 CFU/ml of B. subtilis spore concentration demonstrated

that the higher spore counts lead to lower efficacy of 7% H O . Also, the sporicidal activity of 7% H O

was reduced in the

2 2 2 2
presence of interfering substances. Bovine serum albumin, yeast, and skimmed milk showed similar interfering effects in suspension test with 3 × 105 CFU/ml. While, in suspension tests with higher initial spore count (2 × 107 CFU/ml) severity of interfering effects were intensified and distinct. Our results indicated that the carrier sporicidal test in comparison with suspension tests required more contact time to kill B. subtilis spores.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that it is reasonable to use interfering substances and inoculated carriers in accordance with actual conditions of product usage in a sporicidal test. Interfering substances may reduce the contact surface
between H O and test spores; therefore, the sporicidal efficacy of H O was diminished. So applying suspension test in clean
2 2 2 2
condition to verify the claim of sporicidal activity is strongly discouraged
Identification of Information System Functional Problems Using the Model of Requirements and Cause-effect Relationships
Authors: Vandyshev D.R. , Kulemin A.N. , Nachalov D.S. 
Published: April 2020

The paper defines the models of the objective tree and the current reality tree. Such models allow to define problems on the basis of cause-effect relations. The paper provides general recommendations for the application of these models. It describes their application on the example of an information system, a compound program complex. The information is accompanied by visual images in the form of diagrams. The information system is used in the field of retail to solve many different problems. The paper explains the need to identify problems. Within the framework of the example, the system’s stakeholders are defined and their interaction with the objective tree is given. After that, a certain objective is considered and the reason for that is given. As a result of using the current reality tree, the paper compiles a list of root problems. At the end, it proves the connection between the solution of low-level problems and the implementation of high-level objectives. Finally, it provides recommendations for further work related to the selected list of problems.
Keywords: current reality tree, system, stakeholders, objective tree, retail, problems definition
A Sequential-Quadratic-Programming-Filter Algorithm with a Modified Stochastic Gradient for Robust Life-Cycle Optimization Problems with Nonlinear State Constraints
Authors: Liu Zhe , Reynolds Albert C. 
Published: April 2020

SummarySolving a large-scale optimization problem with nonlinear state constraints is challenging when adjoint gradients are not available for computing the derivatives needed in the basic optimization algorithm used. Here, we present a methodology for the solution of an optimization problem with nonlinear and linear constraints, where the true gradients that cannot be computed analytically are approximated by ensemble-based stochastic gradients using an improved stochastic simplex approximate gradient (StoSAG). Our discussion is focused on the application of our procedure to waterflooding optimization where the optimization variables are the well controls and the cost function is the life-cycle net present value (NPV) of production. The optimization algorithm used for solving the constrained-optimization problem is sequential quadratic programming (SQP) with constraints enforced using the filter method. We introduce modifications to StoSAG that improve its fidelity [i.e., the improvements give a more accurate approximation to the true gradient (assumed here to equal the gradient computed with the adjoint method) than the approximation obtained using the original StoSAG algorithm]. The modifications to StoSAG vastly improve the performance of the optimization algorithm; in fact, we show that if the basic StoSAG is applied without the improvements, then the SQP might yield a highly suboptimal result for optimization problems with nonlinear state constraints. For robust optimization, each constraint should be satisfied for every reservoir model, which is highly computationally intensive. However, the computationally viable alternative of letting the reservoir simulation enforce the nonlinear state constraints using its internal heuristics yields significantly inferior results. Thus, we develop an alternative procedure for handling nonlinear state constraints, which avoids explicit enforcement of nonlinear constraints for each reservoir model yet yields results where any constraint violation for any model is extremely small.
Predictors of intra-hospital mortality in patients with diabetic foot ulcers in Nigeria: data from the MEDFUN Study.
Authors: Adeleye Olufunmilayo O , Ugwu Ejiofor T , Gezawa Ibrahim D , Okpe Innocent , Ezeani Ignatius , Enamino Marcelina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background/Objective: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are associated with high morbidity and mortality globally. Mortality in patients hospitalized for DFU in Nigeria is unacceptably high. This study is to document contributory factors that predict mortality in patients hospitalized for DFU in Nigeria. Methods: Multi-centre Evaluation of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Nigeria (MEDFUN), an observational study conducted in six tertiary healthcare institutions across the 6 geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Consecutive type 1 or 2 diabetic patients hospitalized for DFU who consented. Co-morbid complications were documented. Results: Mean age 55.9 +/- 12.5 years. 96.1% had type 2 diabetes (DM), the mean duration of DM was 8.5 ± 5.7 years. The duration of ulcers was 39 days with a range of 28 to 54 days. 79.2% presented with at least grade 3 DFU. About one-fifth of the patients died (20.5%). Highest mortality among subjects with Wagner grade 5. Middle-aged subjects (45-64 years) had significantly high mortality- odds ratio (OR) 5.107, Confidence interval (CI) of 1.429-18.252.Variables significantly associated with mortality with the respective p- values are DM duration more than 120 months (0.008), ulcer duration > one month (0.013), ulcer severity of Wagner grade 3 and above (0.001), peripheral arterial disease (0.002), foot gangrene (< 0.001). Laboratory variables associated with mortality; proteinuria (<0.001), positive blood cultures (<0.001), severe vascular stenosis (0.001), moderate vascular stenosis (< 0.001), Low HDL (< 0.001). Co-morbid complications significantly associated with mortality; shock at presentation (<0.001), anaemia (0.034), cardiac failure (0.020), renal impairment (<0.001). Sepsis was the strongest predictor of mortality (OR 5.128; 95% CI 2.614 – 10.060) followed by renal impairment (OR 2.831; 95% CI 1.346 – 5.953). Conclusions: Mortality among Nigerian diabetic patients admitted for DFU is high. The majority who died during hospitalization for DFU belong to the working-age population. Predictors of mortality were older age, higher Wagner grade (≥ 3) ulcer, longer duration of DM, longer duration of ulcer, peripheral arterial disease, foot gangrene, renal impairment, low HDL- cholesterol, anaemia, shock, and cardiac failure. Renal impairment and positive blood culture were independent determinants of mortality.
Occurrences of septuple and elevated Pfdhfr-Pfdhps quintuple mutations in general population threatens the use of sulfadoxine‑pyrimethamine for malaria prevention during pregnancy in Eastern-coast of Tanzania
Authors: Bwire George M. , Mikomangwa Wigilya P. , Kilonzi Manase 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthetase (Pfdhps) mutations compromise the effectiveness of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for treatment of uncomplicated malaria, and are likely to impair the efficiency of intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp). This study was conducted to determine the level of Pfdhfr-Pfdhps mutations, more than one decade since SP was limited for IPTp use in pregnant women in Tanzania. Methods: Parasite genomic DNA was extracted from dried blood spots prepared by finger prick. Extracted DNA were sequenced using a single MiSeq lane combining all PCR products. Genotyping of Pfdhfr and Pfdhps mutations were done using bcftools as well as custom scripts to filter and translate genotypes into drug resistance haplotypes. Results: The Pfdhfr was analyzed from 445 samples, the wild type (WT) Pfdhfr haplotype NCSI was detected in 6 (1.3%) samples. Triple Pfdhfr IRNI (mutations are bolded and underlined) haplotype was dominant, contributing to 84% (number [n]=374) of haplotypes while 446 samples were studied for Pfdhps, WT for Pfdhps (SAKAA) was found in 6.7% (n=30) in samples. Double Pfdhps haplotype (SGEAA) accounted for 83% of all mutations at Pfdhps gene. Of 447 Pfdhfr-Pfdhps combined genotypes, only 0.9% (n=4) samples contained WT gene (SAKAA-NCSI). Quintuple (five) mutations, SGEAA-IRNI accounted for 71.4% (n=319) whereas 0.2% (n=1) had septuple (seven) mutations (AGKGS-IRNI). The overall prevalence of Pfdhfr K540E was 90.4% (n=396) while Pfdhps A581G was 1.1% (n=5).Conclusions: This study found high prevalence of Pfdhfr–Pfdhps quintuple and presence of septuple mutations. However, mutations at Pfdhfr K540E and Pfdhps A581G, major predictors for IPTp-SP failure were within the recommended WHO range. Stopping IPTp-SP is recommended in areas where the Pfdhfr K540E prevalence is >95 % and Pfdhps A581G is >10 % as SP is likely to be ineffective. Nonetheless, saturation in Pfdhfr and Pfdhps haplotypes is alarming, a search for alternative antimalarial drug for IPTp in the study area is recommended.
Broadening Risk Profile in Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X; increased risk for five cancer types in the national Danish cohort
Authors: Therkildsen Christina , Rasmussen Maria , Smith-Hansen Lars , Kallemose Thomas , Lindberg Lars Joachim , Nilbert Mef 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundFamilial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX) is a phenotypically defined subset of hereditary colorectal cancer with unknown and potentially heterogeneous genetic aetiology. FCCTX has been characterized as a colorectal cancer-specific syndrome, which we herein challenge by estimating the risk for extra-colorectal cancer in the Danish FCCTX cohort. MethodsThrough the national hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) register, 213 families fulfilling the Amsterdam I criteria and showing retained mismatch repair (MMR) function were identified. In here, sex and age-specific incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated for 30 extra-colorectal cancer types in comparison with the general Danish population. ResultsIn total, 494 extra-colorectal cancers developed with significantly increased risks for cancers of the urinary tract, breast, stomach, pancreas, and eye tumours. The age groups at increased risks were 30-49 years for gastric cancer, 30-69 years for female breast cancer, 50-69 years for ocular melanoma and above age 70 for pancreatic cancer and urothelial cancer. ConclusionsDanish FCCTX families show an increased risk of several extra-colorectal cancer types. This observation may indicate unidentified disease-predisposing genetic variants in this phenotypically defined subset of hereditary colorectal cancer and calls for awareness during genetic counselling and follow-up.
Chromosomal instability in untreated primary prostate cancer as an indicator of metastatic potential
Authors: Miller Eric T , You Sungyong , Cadaneanu Radu M , Kim Minhyung , Yoon Junhee , Liu Sandy T , Li Xinmin , Kwan Lorna , Hodge Jennelle , Quist Michael J , Grasso Catherine S , Lewis Michael S. , Knudsen Beatrice S , Freeman Michael R , Garraway Isla P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Metastatic prostate cancer (PC) is highly lethal. The ability to identify primary tumors capable of dissemination is an unmet need in the quest to understand lethal biology and improve patient outcomes. Previous studies have linked chromosomal instability (CIN), which generates aneuploidy following chromosomal missegregation during mitosis, to PC progression. Evidence of CIN includes broad copy number alterations (CNAs) spanning >300 base pairs of DNA, which may also be measured via RNA expression signatures associated with CNA frequency. Signatures of CIN in metastatic PC, however, have not been interrogated or well defined. We examined a published 70-gene CIN signature (CIN70) in untreated and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and previously published reports. We also performed transcriptome and CNA analysis in a unique cohort of untreated primary tumors collected from diagnostic prostate needle biopsies (PNBX) of localized (M0) and metastatic (M1) cases to determine if CIN was linked to clinical stage and outcome.
Methods: PNBX were collected from 99 patients treated in the VA Greater Los Angeles (GLA-VA) Healthcare System between 2000-2016. Total RNA was extracted from high-grade cancer areas in PNBX cores, followed by RNA sequencing and/or copy number analysis using OncoScan. Multivariate logistic regression analyses permitted calculation of odds ratios for CIN status (high versus low) in an expanded GLA-VA PNBX cohort (n = 121).
Results: The CIN70 signature was significantly enriched in primary tumors and CRPC metastases from M1 PC cases. An intersection of gene signatures comprised of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) generated through comparison of M1 versus M0 PNBX and primary CRPC tumors versus metastases revealed a 157-gene "metastasis" signature that was further distilled to 7-genes (PC-CIN) regulating centrosomes, chromosomal segregation, and mitotic spindle assembly. High PC-CIN scores correlated with CRPC, PC-death and all-cause mortality in the expanded GLA-VA PNBX cohort. Interestingly, approximately 1/3 of M1 PNBX cases exhibited low CIN, illuminating differential pathways of lethal PC progression.
Conclusions: Measuring CIN in PNBX by transcriptome profiling is feasible, and the PC-CIN signature may identify patients with a high risk of lethal progression at the time of diagnosis.
Glucose transporter GLUT1 influences Plasmodium berghei infection in Anopheles stephensi
Authors: Wang Mengfei , Wang Jingwen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Sugar feeding provides energy for mosquitoes. Facilitated glucose transporters (GLUTs) are responsible for the uptake of glucose in animals. However, the knowledge of GLUTs function in Anopheles mosquito is limited. Methods: Phylogenetic analysis of GLUTs in Anopheles stephensi (Asteglut) was performed by the maximum likelihood and Bayesian method. The spatial and temporal expression patterns of the four Astegluts were analyzed by qPCR. The function of Asteglut1 was examined using a dsRNA-mediated RNA interference method. Transcriptome analysis was used to investigate the global influence of Asteglut1 on mosquito physiology. Results: We identified 4 glut genes, Asteglut1 , Asteglutx , Asteglut3 and Asteglut4 in An. stephensi . Asteglut1, Asteglut3 and Asteglut4 were mainly expressed in the midgut. Plasmodium berghei infection differentially regulated the expression of Astegluts with significant downregulation of Asteglut1 and Asteglut4 , while upregulation of Asteglutx . Only knocking down Asteglut1 facilitated Plasmodium berghei infection in An. stephensi . This might be due to the accumulation of glucose prior to blood feeding in dsAsteglut1-treated mosquitoes. Our transcriptome analysis revealed that knockdown of Asteglut1 differentially regulated expression of genes associated with multiple functional clusters, especially those related to detoxification and immunity. The dysregulation of multiple pathways might contribute to the increased P. berghei infection. Conclusions: Our study shows that Asteglut1 participates in defense against P. berghei in An. stephensi . The regulation of Asteglut1 on vector competence might through modulating multiple biological processes, such as detoxification and immunity.
Assessing the youth-friendliness of youth clinics in northern Sweden: a survey analyzing the perspective of the youth
Authors: Waenerlund Anna-Karin , Sebastian Miguel San , Hurtig Anna-Karin , Wiklund Maria , Christianson Monica , Goicolea Isabel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Sweden has nearly 300 youth clinics that have been offering services since the 1970s. However, no evaluation has been done to assess their youth-friendliness. This study aims to assess: i) to what extent youth clinics are perceived as youth-friendly by the young people using them; and ii) if the level of youth friendliness is equally perceived across different sociodemographic groups of users. Methods: The four northernmost counties of Sweden were included in the study. Of the total identified 22 youth clinics, 20 participated by giving out questionnaires to the youth after their visits to the respective youth clinics. In total 1,110 youth participated in the study and answered questions according to the World Health Organization’s criteria of accessibility, equity, respect, privacy and confidentiality, no judgement, and quality. Means and frequencies were calculated, and t-test and ANOVA were used to compare means by sociodemographic variables. Results: Participants perceived the youth clinics as very youth friendly across the measured domains, with scores as high as 4.8 and 4.9 (of a maximum of 5).Youth clinics were perceived in a similar way regardless of gender, but other sociodemographic factors influenced some of the domains, especially ethnic background. Conclusions: The perception of youth friendliness in youth clinics was very high. Nonetheless, younger users; users who did not categorize themselves as either heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual; users with trans-experiences; and users with non-Swedish backgrounds gave youth clinics lower scores for certain domains.