bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sensemaking narratives of scientists working in health professions education scholarship units: The Canadian experience
Authors: Etmanski Brittany , Hamstra Stanley J. , Varpio Lara 
Published: May 2020

Introduction To date, research studying health professions education scholarship units has overlooked the perspectives of research scientists in the field, despite their important role in these units. This research explores how health professions education scientists uphold and/or upend the institutional logics of the units they work within.
Methods Recruited via snowball sampling, 29 Canadian health professions education scientists participated in semi-structured interviews that lasted between 32–55 min. Data analysis was informed by the theories of organizational institutionalism—specifically, the microfoundation element of sensemaking.
Results Respondents’ narrations of career success were overtly linked to their research-oriented pursuits above other expectations (i.e., teaching, service).
Discussion Respondents’ narrative revealed a mismatch between the value they associated with teaching- and service-related pursuits, and the value the institution associated with those pursuits. Participants indicated a need to reconceptualize the institutional value associated with these endeavors.
Sexual Functioning Among Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors From an Attachment Perspective
Authors: Gewirtz-Meydan Ateret , Lahav Yael 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite the fact that childhood sexual abuse can affect a survivor's sexual functioning in adulthood, few studies have examined survivors' adult sexual functioning from the perspective of attachment theory.

Aim
The present study sought to examine how sexual abuse in childhood might shape the associations between attachment insecurities and sexual functioning among adults.

Methods
The study sample consisted of 265 participants (166 women and 99 men), 45 (16.9%) of whom were classified as survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Participants completed an online questionnaire about their history of childhood sexual abuse, attachment insecurities, and sexual functioning over the past 6 months.

Outcomes
The findings of the present study suggest that attachment insecurities may have unique implications for sexual functioning among survivors of childhood sexual abuse.

Results
Findings indicated that a history of childhood sexual abuse significantly moderated the associations between attachment insecurities and sexual functioning. Whereas the effect of attachment avoidance in predicting sexual desire was not significant among nonabused participants, it was significant among survivors; specifically, higher levels of attachment avoidance predicted lower levels of sexual desire. A different pattern was found for attachment anxiety. Although attachment anxiety did not predict vaginal lubrication/penile erection among nonabused participants, it had significant effects among survivors; specifically, higher levels of attachment anxiety predicted higher levels of vaginal lubrication/penile erection.

Clinical Translation
Findings from the present study may help facilitate sex therapy interventions for childhood sexual abuse survivors, from an attachment theory perspective.

Strengths & Limitations
The study included a nonclinical, convenience sample and used self-report measures, which are highly subjective and increase the possibility of social-desirability biases. However, on the plus side, it relied on simple, short, self-report questionnaires that are accessible and can be easily used by professionals to examine a survivor's current condition relative to any of the variables, establish intervention goals, and evaluate treatment.

Conclusion
A history of childhood sexual abuse is related to 2 opposite patterns of association between attachment insecurity (depending on type) and sexual functioning.
Experimental and numerical heat transfer from vortex-injection interaction in scramjet flowfields
Authors: Llobet J.R. , Basore K.D. , Gollan R.J. , Jahn I.H. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTAir-breathing propulsion has the potential to decrease the cost per kilogram for access-to-space, while increasing the flexibility of available low earth orbits. However, to meet the performance requirements, fuel-air mixing inside of scramjet engines and thermal management still need to be improved.An option to address these issues is to use intrinsically generated vortices from scramjet inlets to enhance fuel-air mixing further downstream, leading to shorter, less internal drag generating, and thus more efficient engines. Previous works have studied this vortex-injection interaction numerically, but validation was impractical due to lack of published experimental data. This paper extends upon these previous works by providing experimental data for a canonical geometry, obtained in the T4 Stalker Tube at Mach 8 flight conditions, and assesses the accuracy of numerical methodologies such as RANS CFD to predict the vortex-injection interaction.Focus is placed on understanding the ability of the numerical methodology to replicate the most important aspects of the vortex-injection interaction. Results show overall good agreement between the numerical and experimental results, as all major features are captured. However, limitations are encountered, especially due to a localised region of over predicted heat flux.
Prosecuting Corporate Crime in Indonesia: Recruitment Agencies that Traffic Migrant Workers
Authors: PALMER Wayne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article examines the legal and political context for prosecuting corporate crime in Indonesia. It presents a case study of the landmark case in which a migrant labour recruitment agency was successfully prosecuted for human trafficking. This article explains the rationale and motivation of the prosecution in four sections. First, it considers the development and purpose of corporate liability as a legal concept to foreground the second section, which outlines the legal and policy framework for pursuing corporations that commit crime in Indonesia. This section also offers a detailed discussion about how individuals have been proceeded against in human trafficking cases that involve corporations. Third, this article presents a case study of the first and only instance where a corporation was successfully prosecuted for human trafficking to highlight the sequence of events that made the effort possible. Fourth, the discussion that follows identifies the prosecution's motivations for bringing the case, and makes empirical conclusions about the purpose of prosecuting corporations for human trafficking through the Indonesian legal system. In conclusion, this article argues that the institutional drive to punish corporate involvement in economic crime has created the necessary systems to seek the punishment of a wider range of other corporate crimes, including human trafficking.
An environmental scan of emergency medicine research support, training, and infrastructure across Canada
Authors: Émond Marcel , Artz Jennifer D. , Morrison Laurie J. , Snider Carolyn E. , McLeod Shelley , LeSage Natalie , Stiell Ian G. , Perry Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveOur study objective was to describe the Canadian emergency medicine (EM) research community landscape prior to the initiation of a nationwide network.MethodsA two-phase electronic survey was sent to 17 Canadian medical schools. ThePhase 1 Environmental Scanwas administered to department chairs/hospital EM chiefs, to identify EM physicians conducting clinical or educational research. ThePhase 2 Surveywas sent to the identified EM researchers to assess four themes: 1) geographic distribution, 2) training/career satisfaction, 3) time/financial compensation, and 4) research facilitators/barriers. Descriptive analyses were conducted, and results were stratified by Canadian regions.ResultsA total of 92 EM researchers were identified inPhase 1; 67 (73%) responded to thePhase 2 Survey. Of those, 42 (63%) reported being clinical researchers, and 19 (45%) had a graduate degree. Three provinces encompassed most of the researchers (n = 35). Of the respondents, 61% had a research degree, 66% felt adequately trained for their research career, 73% had financial support, 83% had access to office spaces, 52% had no mentor during their first years of their career, 69% felt satisfied with their research career, and 82% suggested that they will still be conducting research in 5 years.ConclusionEM researchers reported being adequately trained, even though only a little over half had a graduate degree. Only two-thirds had financial support, and mentorship was lacking in one-third of the participants. Not all respondents had a form of infrastructure, but most felt optimistic about their careers. The Canadian EM research environment could be improved to ensure better research capacity.
Traumatic pneumothorax mapping using computed tomography to assess optimal area to scan with POCUS
Authors: Bignucolo Adam , Acton Claire , Ohle Robert , Socransky Steve 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionIt is traditionally taught that the location to place an ultrasound probe to detect a pneumothorax with point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is the anterior chest, given the theory that air will collect at the least dependent area in the supine patient. There is a wide variety of scanning protocols with varying accuracy and completeness. We sought to assess the optimal area to scan for diagnosing pneumothorax by mapping the location of traumatic pneumothorax on computed tomography (CT).MethodsPatients were selected after a retrospective cohort of adult patients who presented to a regional trauma center with a pneumothorax diagnosed on CT. Data were extracted using a standardized data collection tool, and 20% of charts were reviewed by two reviewers. Predefined zones were used to map the areas of pneumothoraces. Theoretical sensitivity and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported.ResultsA total of 203 traumatic pneumothoraces were reviewed from 2006 to 2016. The majority of the pneumothoraces were found in an area defined by the para-sternal border and the mid-clavicular line from the inferior aspect of the clavicle to the physiologic lung point (liver on the right, heart on the left). The theoretical sensitivity for pneumothorax of scanning this area was 91.6% (95% CI, 86.9–95%).ConclusionThis study suggests any POCUS scanning protocol for traumatic pneumothorax should include an area from the inferior border of the clavicle at the parasternal border down to the liver or cardiac lung points and then the mid clavicular line down to the liver or cardiac lung points.
Working During Pandemic Disasters: Views and Predictors of EMS Providers
Authors: Alwidyan Mahmoud T. , Oteir Alaa O. , Trainor Joseph 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:This study aims to assess the perception and attitude of emergency medical services (EMS) providers toward working during disease outbreaks, and the factors that may influence their decisions to ultimately work or not.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study assessing the attitude of EMS providers to work during disease outbreaks. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were performed to assess attitudes toward reporting for duty and factors that influence providers’ decisions.Results:Of the 500 surveys distributed, 466 (93.2%) were complete and included for analysis. The majority of participants (70.2%) are male with a mean age of 27 (SD 4.3) years. The study found that the majority (71.1%) of participants are willing to come to work during disease outbreaks. The study found 7 predictors of reporting for duty. Confidence that employer will provide adequate protective gear was the most significant predictor (odds ratio [OR], 3.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.31-5.42). Concern for family safety was the most important barrier against coming to work (OR, 0.40; 95% CI = 0.21-0.73).Conclusions:Providing adequate supplies of protective gear along with knowledge and training for disease outbreak are the main factors that enhance providers to fulfill their work expectations.
The Role of Dental Professionals in Pandemic Events and Disaster Responses
Authors: Li Guangwen , Chang Bei , Li Hui , Wang Rui , Li Gang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe past 20 years have seen major public health emergencies and natural disasters, including the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome outbreak caused by the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003; the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008; and the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) of 2019, which caused mass casualties, infections, and panic. These also resulted in complex demands for medical resources and information, and a shortage of human resources for emergency responses. To address the shortage of human resources required for these emergency responses, Chinese dental professionals made useful contributions. From this work, deficiencies in emergency response training and opportunities for the expansion of rescue capabilities were identified, and relevant recommendations made.
Public Health Communication in Time of Crisis: Readability of On-Line COVID-19 Information
Authors: Basch Corey H. , Mohlman Jan , Hillyer Grace C. , Garcia Philip 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:The purpose of this study was to assess the readability of information on the Internet posted about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to determine how closely these materials are written to the recommended reading levels.Methods:Using the search term “coronavirus,” information posted on the first 100 English language websites was identified. Using an online readability calculator, multiple readability tests were conducted to ensure a comprehensive representation would result.Results:The mean readability scores ranged between grade levels 6.2 and 17.8 (graduate school level). Four of the 5 measures (GFI, CLI, SMOG, FRE) found that readability exceeded the 10th grade reading level indicating that the text of these websites would be difficult for the average American to read. The mean reading level for nearly all noncommercial and commercial websites was at or above the 10th grade reading level.Conclusions:Messages about COVID-19 must be readable at an “easy” level, and must contain clear guidelines for behavior. The degree to which individuals seek information in response to risk messages is positively related to the expectation that the information will resolve uncertainty. However, if the information is too complex to interpret and it fails to lead to disambiguation, this can contribute to feelings of panic.
A primer on data visualization in infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship
Authors: Salinas Jorge L. , Kritzman Jeffrey , Kobayashi Takaaki , Edmond Michael B. , Ince Dilek , Diekema Daniel J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractData visualization refers to the techniques used to communicate information by encoding it as visual objects (eg, points, lines, or bars) contained in graphics. The recent acceleration in informatics technology has made it possible to obtain and process large amounts of data. Although data visualization can provide insights from large datasets, it can also help simplify messaging, making information more accessible for healthcare stakeholders. The field of data visualization is constantly evolving, and new techniques are frequently being created. However, evidence regarding the best way to visualize data in the fields of infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship is limited. We provide an overview of data visualization theory and history, as well as recommendations for creating graphs for infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship.
Containment of COVID-19 cases among healthcare workers: The role of surveillance, early detection, and outbreak management
Authors: Wee Liang En , Sim Xiang Ying Jean , Conceicao Edwin Philip , Aung May Kyawt , Goh Jia Qing , Yeo Dennis Wu Ting , Gan Wee Hoe , Chua Ying Ying , Wijaya Limin , Tan Thuan Tong , Tan Ban Hock , Ling Moi Lin , Venkatachalam Indumathi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:Staff surveillance is crucial during the containment phase of a pandemic to help reduce potential healthcare-associated transmission and sustain good staff morale. During an outbreak of SARS-COV-2 with community transmission, our institution used an integrated strategy for early detection and containment of COVID-19 cases among healthcare workers (HCWs).Methods:Our strategy comprised 3 key components: (1) enforcing reporting of HCWs with acute respiratory illness (ARI) to our institution’s staff clinic for monitoring; (2) conducting ongoing syndromic surveillance to obtain early warning of potential clusters of COVID-19; and (3) outbreak investigation and management.Results:Over a 16-week surveillance period, we detected 14 cases of COVID-19 among HCWs with ARI symptoms. Two of the cases were linked epidemiologically and thus constituted a COVID-19 cluster with intrahospital HCW–HCW transmission; we also detected 1 family cluster and 2 clusters among HCWs who shared accommodation. No transmission to HCWs or patients was detected after containment measures were instituted. Early detection minimized the number of HCWs requiring quarantine, hence preserving continuity of service during an ongoing pandemic.Conclusions:An integrated surveillance strategy, outbreak management, and encouraging individual responsibility were successful in early detection of clusters of COVID-19 among HCWs. With ongoing local transmission, vigilance must be maintained for intrahospital spread in nonclinical areas where social mingling of HCWs occurs. Because most individuals with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, addressing presenteeism is crucial to minimize potential staff and patient exposure.
Ontogenetic analysis of Anisian (Middle Triassic) ptychitid ammonoids from Nevada, USA
Authors: Bischof Eva A. , Lehmann Jens 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPtychitesis among the most widely distributed ammonoid genera of the Triassic and is namesake of a family and superfamily. However, representatives of the genus mostly show low-level phenotypic disparity. Furthermore, a large number of taxa are based on only a few poorly preserved specimens, creating challenges to determine ptychitid taxonomy. Consequently, a novel approach is needed to improve ptychitid diversity studies. Here, we investigatePtychitesspp. from the middle and late Anisian of Nevada. The species recorded includePtychites embreein. sp., which is distinguished by an average conch diameter that is much smaller and shows a more evolute coiling than most of its relatives. The new species ranges from theGymnotoceras mimetusto theGymnotoceras rotelliformiszones, which makes it the longest-ranging species of the genus. For the first time, the ontogenetic development ofPtychiteswas obtained from cross sections where possible. Cross-sectioning highlights unique ontogenetic trajectories in ptychitids. This demonstrates that, despite showing little phenotypic disparity,Ptychiteswas highly ontogenetically differentiated, and thus the high taxonomic diversity at the species level is justified for the species investigated.UUID:http://zoobank.org/5abe2487-8a00-4b48-adc7-ec7db7a097f7
Vocational counseling for Australian spinal cord injury inpatients – Defining vocational role expectations and behavior
Authors: Johnston Deborah , Middleton James W. , Murphy Gregory , Cameron Ian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel inpatient vocational counseling service (named “In-Voc”) was developed and evaluated in three Australian spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation hospitals, aiming to improve vocational outcomes after SCI. The program provided a trained Vocational Counseling Coordinator who worked alongside the allied health team, medical, and nursing staff at each hospital. The Coordinators were interviewed to examine the role expectations and role behaviors associated with the introduction of their novel, vocationally focused, occupational role. The Coordinators’ descriptions of their role behavior were very similar to those defined by rehabilitation counselors in North America. They reported the novel role to be a productive and satisfying one. Encouragingly, the In-Voc program was associated with significantly higher post-injury employment outcomes.
SimSpin—Constructing mock IFS kinematic data cubes
Authors: Harborne Katherine E. , Power Chris , Robotham Aaron S. G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe presentSimSpin, a new, public, software framework for generating integral field spectroscopy (IFS) data cubes fromN-body/hydrodynamical simulations of galaxies, which can be compared directly with observational datasets.SimSpinprovides a consistent method for studying a galaxy’s stellar component. It can be used to explore how observationally inferred measurements of kinematics, such as the spin parameter$\lambda_R$, are impacted by the effects of, for example, inclination, seeing conditions, distance.SimSpinis written in R and has been designed to be highly modular, flexible, and extensible. It is already being used by the astrophysics community to generate IFS-like cubes and FITS files for direct comparison of simulations to observations. In this paper, we explain the conceptual framework ofSimSpin; how it is implemented in R; and we demonstrateSimSpin’s current capabilities, providing as an example a brief investigation of how numerical resolution affects how reliably we can recover the intrinsic stellar kinematics of a simulated galaxy.
Helminths associated withNorops fuscoauratus(Squamata, Dactyloidae) in highland marshes of the Brazilian semi-arid
Authors: dos Santos Mesquita J.M. , de Oliveira S.S. , Perez R. , Ávila R.W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHelminthological studies may contribute with valuable information on host biology and conservation. Herein, we provide new data on helminths infecting the lizardNorops fuscoauratus, testing one of the factors considered most important in parasitic ecology: host size. We analysed 25 specimens ofN. fuscoauratusfrom three highland marshes in the Brazilian semi-arid. Eight taxa of helminths belonging to Nematoda, Trematoda and Acanthocephala were found.Physalopterasp. showed the higher prevalence (40%), with a mean intensity of infection of 3.3 ± 1.46 (1–16) and mean abundance 1.32 ± 0.65 (0–16).Norops fuscoauratusrepresents four new host records for the helminthsCyrtosomumsp.,Pharyngodon travassosi,Strongyloidessp. andCentrorhynchussp. There is no relationship of host body size (P= 0.79) and mass (P= 0.50) with parasite richness. In addition, the present study contributes to the knowledge of the parasitic fauna ofN. fuscoauratusand the Neotropical region.