bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic and immune responses of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolts to a short‐term poly (I:C) challenge
Authors: Lulijwa Ronald , Alfaro Andrea C. , Merien Fabrice , Burdass Mark , Meyer Jill , Venter Leonie , Young Tim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPolyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] was administered in vivo to Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) post‐smolts to determine the immune responses on haematological and cellular functional parameters, including spleen (SP), head kidney (HK) and red blood cell (RBC) cytokine expression, as well as serum metabolomics. Poly (I:C) in vivo (24 h exposure) did not affect fish haematological parameters, leucocyte phagocytic activity and phagocytic index, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–based metabolomics revealed that poly (I:C) significantly altered the serum biochemistry profile of 25 metabolites. Metabolites involved in the branched‐chain amino acid/glutathione and transsulphuration pathways and phospholipid metabolism accumulated in poly (I:C)–treated fish, whereas those involved in the glycolytic and energy metabolism pathways were downregulated. At cytokine transcript level, poly (I:C) induced a significant upregulation of antiviral ifnγ in HK and Mx1 protein in HK, SP and RBCs. This study provides evidence for poly (I:C)–induced, immune‐related biomarkers at metabolic and molecular levels in farmed O. tshawytscha in vivo. These findings provide insights into short‐term effects of poly (I:C) at haematological, innate and adaptive immunity and metabolic levels, setting the stage for future studies.
A new Hemigrammus from the upper Río Vaupés, Colombia (Characiformes: Characidae), with a discussion on the presence of an enlarged urogenital papilla in the family
Authors: Lima Flávio C. T. , Urbano‐Bonilla Alexander , Prada‐Pedreros Saúl 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHemigrammus xaveriellus sp. nov. is described from the upper Río Vaupés basin (Amazon basin), Departamento Guaviare, Colombia. It is distinguished from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: presence of a conspicuous, dark, longitudinal midlateral stripe extending along the body; presence of a conspicuous rounded, horizontally elongated humeral blotch anterior to the beginning of the dark midlateral stripe; seven scale rows between the dorsal fin and lateral line (vs. five to six); and five scale rows between the lateral line and pelvic‐fin insertion (vs. three to four). The single mature male of He. xaveriellus possessed a well‐developed urogenital papilla, an unusual feature among characids. The presence of an enlarged urogenital papilla in the family is discussed, and comments regarding the putative relationships of the new species are presented.
Assessment of the potential of Arabic gum as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent in developing vegan “egg‐free” mayonnaise
Authors: Ali Marwa R. , EL Said Rania M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe main factors affecting the spoilage of mayonnaise are lipid oxidation and microbial contamination. Therefore, the investigation was carried out to estimate the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the aqueous extract of the Arabic gum (AG). The effect of the addition of AG powder on physical–chemical and sensory properties has been evaluated in different percentages of 25, 50, 75, and 100 into mayonnaise. At the highest concentration of AG 20 mg/ml, the DPPH result represented high antioxidant activity at 92.13%. AG had inhibitory effects on gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria, with Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis being the most susceptible bacteria. The use of AG as an egg substitute in mayonnaise has been shown to have a great effect on physical–chemical properties. All mayonnaise samples were sensory acceptable, particularly vegan mayonnaise (100% AG) and still acceptable for consumption at 5°C for 5 months of storage. AG could be considered an additive with significant emulsifier properties, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, AG is a good choice to produce new vegetarian products for consumers who are unable to eat egg‐based foods.
Deep crustal source of gneiss dome revealed by eclogite in migmatite (Montagne Noire, French Massif Central)
Authors: Whitney Donna L. , Hamelin Clémentine , Teyssier Christian , Raia Natalie H. , Korchinski Megan S. , Seaton Nicholas C. A. , Bagley Brian C. , von der Handt Anette , Roger Françoise , Rey Patrice F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn orogens worldwide and throughout geologic time, large volumes of deep continental crust have been exhumed in domal structures. Extension‐driven ascent of bodies of deep, hot crust is a very efficient mechanism for rapid heat and mass transfer from deep to shallow crustal levels and is therefore an important mechanism in the evolution of continents. The dominant rock type in exhumed domes is quartzofeldspathic gneiss (typically migmatitic) that does not record its former high‐pressure (HP) conditions in its equilibrium mineral assemblage; rather, it records the conditions of emplacement and cooling in the mid/shallow crust. Mafic rocks included in gneiss may, however, contain a fragmentary record of a HP history, and are evidence that their host rocks were also deeply sourced. An excellent example of exhumed deep crust that retains a partial HP record is in the Montagne Noire dome, French Massif Central, which contains well‐preserved eclogite (garnet+omphacite+rutile+quartz) in migmatite in two locations: one in the dome core and the other at the dome margin. Both eclogites record P ~ 1.5 ± 0.2 GPa at T ~ 700 ± 20°C, but differ from each other in whole‐rock and mineral composition, deformation features (shape and crystallographic preferred orientation, CPO), extent of record of prograde metamorphism in garnet and zircon, and degree of preservation of inherited zircon. Rim ages of zircon in both eclogites overlap with the oldest crystallization ages of host gneiss at c. 310 Ma, interpreted based on zircon rare earth element abundance in eclogite zircon as the age of HP metamorphism. Dome‐margin eclogite zircon retains a widespread record of protolith age (c. 470–450 Ma, the same as host gneiss protolith age), whereas dome‐core eclogite zircon has more scarce preservation of inherited zircon. Possible explanations for differences in the two eclogites relate to differences in the protolith mafic magma composition and history and/or the duration of metamorphic heating and extent of interaction with aqueous fluid, affecting zircon crystallization. Differences in HP deformation fabrics may relate to the position of the eclogite facies rocks relative to zones of transpression and transtension at an early stage of dome development. Regardless of differences, both eclogites experienced HP metamorphism and deformation in the deep crust at c. 310 Ma and were exhumed by lithospheric extension—with their host migmatite—near the end of the Variscan orogeny. The deep crust in this region was rapidly exhumed from ~50 to <10 km, where it equilibrated under low‐P/high‐T conditions, leaving a sparse but compelling record of the deep origin of most of the crust now exposed in the dome.
Brain MRI Predicts Worsening Multiple Sclerosis Disability over 5 Years in the SUMMIT Study
Authors: Bakshi Rohit , Healy Brian C. , Dupuy Sheena L. , Kirkish Gina , Khalid Fariha , Gundel Tristan , Asteggiano Carlo , Yousuf Fawad , Alexander Amber , Hauser Stephen L. , Weiner Howard L. , Henry Roland G. ,   SUMMIT consortium
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEBrain MRI‐derived lesions and atrophy are related to multiple sclerosis (MS) disability. In the Serially Unified Multicenter MS Investigation (SUMMIT), from Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) and University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), we assessed whether MRI methodologic heterogeneity may limit the ability to pool multisite data sets to assess 5‐year clinical‐MRI associations.METHODSPatients with relapsing‐remitting (RR) MS (n = 100 from each site) underwent baseline brain MRI and baseline and 5‐year clinical evaluations. Patients were matched on sex (74 women each), age, disease duration, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. MRI was performed with differences between sites in both acquisition (field strength, voxel size, pulse sequences), and postprocessing pipeline to assess brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and T2 lesion volume (T2LV).RESULTSThe UCSF cohort showed higher correlation than the BWH cohort between T2LV and disease duration. UCSF showed a higher inverse correlation between BPF and age than BWH. UCSF showed a higher inverse correlation than BWH between BPF and 5‐year EDSS score. Both cohorts showed inverse correlations between BPF and T2LV, with no between‐site difference. The pooled but not individual cohort data showed a link between a lower baseline BPF and the subsequent 5‐year worsening in disability in addition to other stronger relationships in the data.CONCLUSIONSMRI acquisition and processing differences may result in some degree of heterogeneity in assessing brain lesion and atrophy measures in patients with MS. Pooling of data across sites is beneficial to correct for potential biases in individual data sets.
Unlocking the performance potential of functionally diverse teams: The paradoxical role of leader mood
Authors: Shemla Meir , Kearney Eric , Wegge Jürgen , Stegmann Sebastian 
Published: January 2020

In a multisource, lagged design field study of 66 consulting teams, we investigated the role of leader mood in unlocking the performance potential of functionally diverse teams. In line with our hypotheses, we found that, given high levels of leader positive mood, functional diversity was positively related to collective team identification. In contrast, given high levels of leader negative mood, functional diversity was positively associated with information elaboration in teams. Furthermore, results showed that functional diversity was most strongly related to team performance when both leader positive mood and leader negative mood were high. This study highlights the value of examining seemingly contradictory leadership aspects in the effort to gain a fuller understanding of how to foster performance in diverse teams.Practitioner points

To effectively lead diverse teams, leaders need to navigate between the need to promote unique ideas (i.e., information elaboration) and the simultaneous need to pull together diverse members towards a common identity.

Leader mood addresses both of these needs. When the team leader exhibited a positive mood, team functional diversity was positively related to members’ identification with the team. By contrast, when the team leader displayed a negative mood, team functional diversity was positively related to information elaboration.

Over a 12‐day period, diverse teams performed best when the leader showed both positive and negative mood.

Leaders of diverse teams are required to be sensitive to the affective tone of their team and aware of how their emotional displays influence team members’ moods and behaviours as well as team processes.
Typology of Community Living Transitions for People with Intellectual Disabilities: Are Current Experience in Rehabilitation Centers Tied to the Best Practices?
Authors: Longtin Véronique , Dufour Sarah , Morin Diane 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSince the beginning of the deinstitutionalization of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), few studies have been carried out on the community living transitions process. Policies require to offer hosting services which respect the ideology of “seeking a home,” in accordance with the choices of individuals with ID. The involvement of individuals with ID in their own community living transition and concerted planning are considered to be part of the best practices. This study provides a portrait of community living transitions within rehabilitation centers. The aim was to develop new insights into the experience of community living transitions for people who have an ID. Specifically, this study identifies (1) a typology of community living transitions and (2) the gaps between best practices, desired practices, and current practices from the educators' viewpoint. Educators (n = 19) were randomly selected to participate in three focus groups and share their support experiences during community living transitions. Qualitative content analyses identified a typology of community living transitions. One out of the six types of transitions identified offered favorable conditions for a transition that involves the person with ID in his or her own transition and collaborative planning (prepared). The other types of transitions (last minute, explosive, turnkey, waiting room) all offered fewer opportunities for the person with ID to be involved in the transition process. Educators identified the characteristics of an ideal community living transition (as if it were myself). Gaps between the participants' experiences and best practices were identified, particularly regarding the involvement of individuals with ID in decisions concerning their own community living transition. The organization of the hosting services and a lack of accommodation resources influence the transition preparation time, the amount of collaborative planning, and the level of involvement of the person with ID. Implications of the gaps between experiences and best practices are identified.
Chemical, textural, rheological, and sensorial properties of wheyless feta cheese as influenced by replacement of milk protein concentrate with pea protein isolate
Authors: Omrani Khiabanian Newsha , Motamedzadegan Ali , Naghizadeh Raisi Shahram , Alimi Mazdak 
Published: January 2020

AbstractReplacement of milk protein with protein isolates from vegetable resources can significantly influence the characteristics of feta whey less cheese and also decrease the cost of final production. In this study, various blends of milk protein concentrate (MPC) and pea protein isolate (PPI) were mixed at levels of 12% MPC and 0% PPI (MP0), 10% MPC and 2% PPI (MP2), 9% MPC and 3% PPI (MP3), 8% MPC and 4% PPI (MP4), 7% MPC and 5% PPI (MP5), 6% MPC and 6% PPI (MP6) and used in the manufacture of wheyless feta cheese. The chemical, textural, rheological, and sensorial properties, as well as the microstructure of the cheese samples, were evaluated after 1, 15, and 30 days of storage. The general linear model procedure of SAS statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Duncan's multiple range tests was used to compare the means of different treatments. The results showed that all properties of the cheeses were influenced by different levels of PPI due to different total solids content. The use of high concentrations of PPI resulted in a more open protein network, softer structure and decreasing the storage (G′) and loss (G″) moduli in the cheeses. Sensory evaluation of the samples revealed that total score in terms of flavor, texture and overall acceptability was gradually decreased with increasing PPI levels, but still preferable for the panelists. Furthermore, for each sample, with increasing levels of PPI, the whiteness and the greenness were decreased, but the yellowness was increased.
Collagen biology and non‐invasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis
Authors: Karsdal Morten A. , Daniels Samuel J. , Holm Nielsen Signe , Bager Cecilie , Rasmussen Daniel G.K. , Loomba Rohit , Surabattula Rambabu , Villesen Ida Falk , Luo Yi , Shevell Diane , Gudmann Natasja S. , Nielsen Mette J. , George Jacob , Christian Rose , Leeming Diana J. , Schuppan Detlef 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is an unmet need for high‐quality liquid biomarkers that can safely and reproducibly predict the stage of fibrosis and the outcomes of chronic liver disease (CLD). The requirement for such markers has intensified because of the high global prevalence of diseases such as non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In particular, there is a need for diagnostic and prognostic tools, as well as predictive biomarkers that reflect the efficacy of interventions, as described by the BEST criteria (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools Resource). This review covers the various liver collagens, their functional role in tissue homeostasis and delineates the common nomenclature for biomarkers based on BEST criteria. It addresses the common confounders affecting serological biomarkers, and describes defined collagen epitope biomarkers that originate from the dynamic processes of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling during liver injury.
Social flexibility to balance habitat fragmentation? Insights from the Mediterranean cave‐dwelling cardinalfish Apogon imberbis
Authors: Rastorgueff Pierre‐Alexandre 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Mediterranean cave‐dwelling cardinalfish Apogon imberbis shows a surprising panmixia for a brooding species inhabiting a fragmented habitat. This is partly attributed to the plasticity of its aggregative behavior, ranging from solitary to large schools. This plasticity allows this cardinalfish to take advantage of a wide variety of shadowed shelters, ranging from small cracks to large caves, which promotes population connectivity. This paper explores whether social flexibility can be the mechanism behind such behavioral plasticity, and the resulting ecological and evolutionary advantages in fragmented habitats. It also explores the limits of the application of this hypothesis to A. imberbis. Finally, it proposes possible experiments to unravel the origin of the behavioral plasticity and the exceptional connectivity of this cardinalfish.
Acquired syphilis in children: A retrospective study over two‐and‐a‐half decades in a tertiary care center in northern India
Authors: Dayal Surabhi , Sahu Priyadarshini , Aggarwal Kamal , Jain Vijay Kumar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSyphilis causes considerable morbidity not only in adults but also in children. Unfortunately, acquired syphilis in children has not received due attention and remains a relatively ignored field.MethodsThis was a retrospective study, in which epidemiologic, clinical, and investigational data were analyzed from medical records of all sexually transmitted infection (STI) cases attending the STI clinic of Pt. B. D. Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak from January 1992 to November 2018. Children of age ≤14 years with acquired syphilis were studied.ResultsOf 9138 STD cases registered from January 1992 to November 2018, 39 were children with acquired syphilis, of whom 22 were males and 17 were females. The majority were in 12‐14 years age group (22 cases; 56.41%). A history of sexual abuse could be elicited in 10 patients. Three gave a history of voluntary sexual activity. Examination revealed secondary syphilis in 32, latent syphilis in 6 and only one case of primary chancre. Analysis of incidence of pediatric acquired syphilis cases over three‐year intervals during the last 27 years indicated an initial decreasing trend followed by recent slight rise in last 3 years.ConclusionSocial inhibitions and reluctance to report child sexual abuse may have led to an underestimate of actual prevalence. The prevalence in the 12‐ to 14‐year age group may indicate emerging trends of promiscuous sexual behavior. The recent rising trend in occurrence of childhood acquired syphilis may mirror the recent resurgence of adult syphilis.
Diversity, plant growth‐promoting traits, and biocontrol potential of fungal endophytes of Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Rajini Sollepura B. , Nandhini Murali , Udayashankar Arkere C. , Niranjana Siddapura R. , Lund Ole S. , Prakash Harischandra S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe diversity of fungal endophytes in Sorghum bicolor was investigated in samples collected from 10 different geographical regions of Karnataka state, India. A total of 360 endophytes were isolated from leaf, stem, and root tissues and were assigned to 26 fungal species based on morphology and molecular characterization using ITS sequences. All the endophytes belonged to the phylum Ascomycota. The diversity (Shannon H, 2.57; Simpson_1‐D, 0.92) and species richness (Margalef's, 4.68; Menhinick, 3.61) were found to be higher for the endophytes isolated from leaf tissues. The species evenness of the endophytic assemblage was strongly influenced by tissue type, followed by geographical location. The biocontrol potential of isolated endophytes was evaluated against economically destructive sorghum grain mould pathogens such as Fusarium thapsinum, Epicoccum sorghinum, Alternaria alternata, and Curvularia lunata using the dual culture method. Biocontrol potential was exhibited by 26 endophytic isolates, of which Trichoderma asperellum recorded broad‐spectrum activity against target pathogens, followed by E. nigrum and A. longipes. Most (82%) endophytes showed plant growth‐promoting traits. Biosynthesis of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) was observed in 84% of isolates, and phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, and cellulase activity was observed in 69%, 23%, and 27% of isolates, respectively. Seeds treated with T. asperellum exhibited a significantly higher seed vigour index (2096), germination percentage (94%), and yield under greenhouse and field conditions. The results were substantiated by the confocal microscopy analysis, which clearly demonstrated the colonization of treated endophyte in root tissues. The present study reveals an ecofriendly approach to explore T. asperellum in sorghum disease management.
“Ain't No Hood Like Motherhood”: The Complexity of Human Milk Donor Identity
Authors: Oreg Ayelet , Appe Susan 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThis article draws on the literature of bodily gifting, the motivations for milk donation, and donor identity to explore human milk donation in the context of nonprofit milk banks. We ask: What are the characteristics of the milk donor identity?MethodsWe qualitatively analyze written testimonials and images produced by human milk donors during the time of their milk donation.ResultsWe found that milk donors comprised complex identities: the identity of a mother, of a woman, sometimes a recipient, and often including the donor's professional identity.ConclusionGiven the increasing demand for human milk donations, studying the unique aspects of this donation is important. The complexity of milk donor identity is captured in the fluidity of human milk donation itself, donors and recipients with this bodily gifting include the babies, mothers, and even entire families.
The need to prioritize sustainable phosphate‐based fertilizers
Authors: Tian Da , Li Zhen , O'Connor David , Shen Zhengtao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe unsustainable use of phosphate‐based fertilizers can lead to the depletion of accessible phosphorous reserves and cause environmental problems. As well as finding new phosphate supplies, we ought to be prioritizing sustainable phosphate‐based fertilizers. By adopting microbial, physical and chemical modifications, low‐solubility phosphate minerals could be used in an efficient way for nutrient supply and heavy metal immobilization. However, there are many obstacles to overcome in moving these sustainable approaches from the laboratory to the field.