bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diving into divergence: Differentiation in swimming performances, physiology and gene expression between locally‐adapted sympatric cichlid fishes
Authors: Raffini Francesca , Schneider Ralf F. , Franchini Paolo , Kautt Andreas F. , Meyer Axel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSympatric speciation occurs without geographical barriers and is thought to often be driven by ecological specialization of individuals that eventually diverge genetically and phenotypically. Distinct morphologies between sympatric populations occupying different niches have been interpreted as such differentiating adaptive phenotypes, yet differences in performance and thus likely adaptiveness between them were rarely tested. Here, we investigated if divergent body shapes of two sympatric crater lake cichlid species from Nicaragua, one being a shore‐associated (benthic) species while the other prefers the open water zones (limnetic), affect cruising (Ucrit) and sprinting (Usprint) swimming abilities – performances particularly relevant to their respective lifestyles. Furthermore, we investigated species differences in oxygen consumption (MO2) across different swimming speeds and compare gene expression in gills and white muscle at rest and during exercise. We found a superior cruising ability in the limnetic Amphilophus zaliosus compared to the benthic Amphilophus astorquii, while sprinting was not different, suggesting that their distinct morphologies affect swimming performance. Increased cruising swimming ability in A. zaliosus was linked to a higher oxygen demand during activity (but not rest), indicating different metabolic rates during exercise ‐ a hypothesis supported by coinciding gene expression patterns of gill transcriptomes. We identified differentially expressed genes linked to swimming physiology, regulation of swimming behaviour and oxygen intake. A combination of physiological and morphological differences may thus underlie adaptations to these species' distinct niches. This complex ecological specialization probably resulted in morphological and physiological trade‐offs that contributed to the rapid establishment and maintenance of divergence with gene flow.
Balancing cost and benefit: How E. coli cleverly averts disulfide stress caused by cystine
Authors: Downs Diana M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBuilding a robust, stable network must include strategies to minimize perturbations caused by environmental stress, while optimizing cellular fitness. The introduction of oxygen into the Earth's atmosphere brought challenges for the microbes that had evolved enzyme machinery and metabolic network stability in the anoxic world. Unable to generate new enzyme paradigms and metabolic networks de novo, organisms have evolved strategies to neutralize the impact of oxygen that can be added to and integrated into the existing metabolic framework. This issue of Molecular Microbiology includes a paper by Korshunov et al. in which the authors describe an elegant strategy that Escherichia coli has evolved to minimize metabolic stress that results from the acquisition and use of cystine, the oxidized form of cysteine, as a source of cellular sulfur. This study highlights how a strategy involving both cost and benefit can result in a functional, but energy intensive mechanism for this bacterium to thrive in an oxic world.
Nulla Proportio in Concordantia: Catholic Political Theology and the Mystery of Consensus
Authors: van Erp Stephan , Bocken Inigo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe main question in this article is whether there is room for a genuine Catholic political theology in a contemporary liberal society. Catholic political theology faces the dilemma that it is either opposed to the autonomy of the political sphere as it has been given shape in liberal society by its totality claim, or that it is not, and thereby loses its plausibility as it does in the case of Catholic Social Teaching. The authors of this article assume that there is a way out of the dilemma, namely by applying the fundamental theological concept of ‘locus theologicus’ to political theology. By viewing the political as a locus theologicus, the question arises: Which political aspects of the theological tradition could qualify as having a critical function in modern liberal society? The proposal in this article is to consider Nicholas of Cusa’s theory of finding consensus. Cusa developed this theory during and in response to the Council of Basel (1431‐1449) in his book De concordantia catholica. The experience of consensus is viewed in this text as an apophatic confirmation of God in the performance of political authority. The way in which Cusa develops the idea of consensus is in sharp contrast with modern liberal thinkers such as John Rawls. Cusa’s theory shares a resemblance with those of modern critics of consensus such as Chantal Mouffe and Jacques Rancière. While these authors do not formulate their criticism theologically, once brought into conversation with Cusa, one can find opportunities of seeing the mystery of consensus as a theological critique.
Chronic isolation stress is associated with increased colonic and motor symptoms in the A53T mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Diwakarla Shanti , Finkelstein David I. , Constable Remy , Artaiz Olivia , Di Natale Madeleine , McQuade Rachel M. , Lei Enie , Chai Xin‐yi , Ringuet Mitchell T. , Fothergill Linda J. , Lawson Victoria A. , Ellett Laura J. , Berger Joel P. , Furness John B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic stress exacerbates motor deficits and increases dopaminergic cell loss in several rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about effects of stress on gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, a common non‐motor symptom of PD. We aimed to determine whether chronic stress exacerbates GI dysfunction in the A53T mouse model of PD and whether this relates to changes in α‐synuclein distribution.MethodsChronic isolation stress was induced by single‐housing WT and homozygote A53T mice between 5 and 15 months of age. GI and motor function were compared with mice that had been group‐housed.Key ResultsChronic isolation stress increased plasma corticosterone and exacerbated deficits in colonic propulsion and whole‐gut transit in A53T mice and also increased motor deficits. However, our results indicated that the novel environment‐induced defecation response, a common method used to evaluate colorectal function, was not a useful test to measure exacerbation of GI dysfunction, most likely because of the reported reduced level of anxiety in A53T mice. A53T mice had lower corticosterone levels than WT mice under both housing conditions, but single‐housing increased levels for both genotypes. Enteric neuropathy was observed in aging A53T mice and A53T mice had a greater accumulation of alpha‐synuclein (αsyn) in myenteric ganglia under both housing conditions.Conclusions & InferencesChronic isolation stress exacerbates PD‐associated GI dysfunction, in addition to increasing motor deficits. However, these changes in GI symptoms are not directly related to corticosterone levels, worsened enteric neuropathy, or enteric αsyn accumulation.
Radiation exposure during cardiac device implantation: Lessons learned from a multicenter registry
Authors: Bru Paul , Dompnier Antoine , Amara Walid , Haddad Georges , Galuscan Gianina , Sagnol Pascal , Steinbach Mathieu , Montagnier Christian , Taieb Jérôme , Beguec Julien , Milhem Antoine ,   on behalf of the CNCH Cardiac Rhythm Group
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundLittle data are available about radiation exposure during cardiac electrical device implantation, and no dose reference levels have been published. This multicenter, prospective, observational study assesses patient and staff radiation exposure during cardiac device implantations, and aims at defining dose reference levels.MethodsPatient demographic, procedural, and radiation data were obtained for 657 procedures from nine institutions. Physician and staff exposure were measured using real‐time dosimeters worn beneath and above lead apron. Statistical analysis included fluoroscopy time (FT), dose‐area product (DAP), and DAP adjusted for FT and body mass index.ResultsPacemakers and cardioverter defibrillators were implanted in 481 and 176 patients, respectively. Of these, 152 were treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Median FTs were 837s (interquartile range [IQR]: 480‐1323), 117s (IQR: 69‐209), and 101s (IQR: 58‐162), and median DAPs were 1410 (IQR: 807‐2601), 150 (IQR: 72‐338), and 129 (IQR: 72‐332) cGy.cm² for biventricular, dual chamber, and ventricular device implantation, respectively. Dose reference levels correspond to the third quartile values. During CRT, higher exposure was observed with four X‐ray systems than with the two newer and customizable ones (adjusted DAP of 0.90 [IQR: 0.26‐1.01] and 0.29 [IQR: 0.23‐0.39], respectively; P < .001).ConclusionBased on real‐life measurements, this multicenter registry provides dose reference levels and may help centers assess radiation exposure. Although biventricular device implantation was responsible for the highest radiation exposure, FT was meaningfully shortened compared to previously reported values. For a same FT, the use of new generators and custom settings has significantly reduced DAP.
Verruciform xanthoma in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and keratitis‐ichthyosis‐deafness syndrome: Report of two cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Evan‐Browning Eric , Rork Jillian , O’Donnell Patrick , Elaba Zendee , Deng April , Wiss Karen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVerruciform xanthoma is a benign, wart‐like lesion that can clinically mimic squamous cell carcinoma. We describe two teenage patients with severe genodermatoses, recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), and keratitis‐ichthyosis‐deafness (KID) syndrome, respectively, each found to have plaques suspicious for malignancy, later demonstrated on histopathologic examination to be verruciform xanthoma. We discuss the connection between these severe genodermatoses and the suspected pathophysiology of verruciform xanthoma. In addition, we highlight the importance of recognizing verruciform xanthoma as a clinical mimicker of squamous cell carcinoma, for which patients with RDEB and KID syndrome are at increased risk.
Are nontariff measures and tariffs substitutes? Some panel data evidence
Authors: Niu Zhaohui , Milner Chris , Gunessee Saileshsingh , Liu Chang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing new estimates of ad valorem equivalent of nontariff measures (NTMs) over time, this paper examines NTMs and tariffs’ relationship for a sample of 70 economies for 4,949 products at the 6‐digit harmonized system level over the period 2003–2015. A panel data methodology models the lagged adjustment of NTMs to tariffs, consistent with a causal relationship. Trade policy substitution is found when the models are estimated in both levels and changes; with this holding for both OECD and non‐OECD countries, but not for the agriculture sector in OECD countries. Overall, there is a fairly complete substitution between policy instruments in absolute terms.
Avoiding problems in tunneled dialysis catheter placement
Authors: Agarwal Anil K. , Haddad Nabil , Boubes Khaled 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTunneled dialysis catheters (TDCs) remain the predominant vascular access for initiation of hemodialysis (HD) worldwide. TDCs are also utilized in a significant number of prevalent patients for continuation of dialysis and during the periods of complications related to arteriovenous (AV) accesses. TDC placement is a routine procedure, but can be associated with mechanical and infectious complications related to placement. Imaging guidance with ultrasound and fluoroscopy has made the placement of TDC safer and more successful. Adequate operator training, careful technique, utilization of a checklist, and barrier precautions are essential to avoid problems related to TDC placement.
Prevalence and predictors of adolescent linear growth and stunting across the urban–rural gradient in eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Irenso Asnake Ararsa , Dessie Yadeta , Berhane Yemane , Assefa Nega , Canavan Chelsey R. , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the magnitude and factors associated with adolescent linear growth and stunting in two eastern Ethiopian communities.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in the urban Harar Health Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) and rural Kersa Demographic Surveillance and Health Research Center (KDS‐HRC). Univariate analysis was used to describe the data. Multiple regression models examined predictors of linear growth. Logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with stunting.ResultsThe study included 2010 adolescents. The prevalence of stunting was 26.9% (95% CI 24.9, 28.9), with 8.1% among urban adolescents (95% CI 6.5, 9.9) vs. 47.9% among rural ones (95% CI 44.6, 51.1). There was a significant interaction between residence and sex on the risk of stunting [AOR = 4.17 (95% CI 2.66, 9.9), P < 0.001], and height‐for‐age z score (HAZ) (β = −0.51, P < 0.001). For urban adolescents, older age (18 to 19 years) was negatively associated with linear growth (β= −0.29; P < 0.001). In the rural setting, handwashing practice after toileting was positively associated with HAZ (0.62; P < 0.001) and with lower risk of stunting [AOR = 0.51 (95% CI 0.34, 0.76)]. Urban females had significantly higher HAZ than urban males [β = 0.52; P < 0.01)], and a significantly lower risk of stunting [AOR = 0.29 (95% CI 0.18, 0.48)].ConclusionsThere are significant disparities in the magnitude of stunting between urban and rural adolescents. The gender gap in stunting and linear growth, along with a high prevalence of stunting in early adolescence, calls for age‐appropriate and gender‐sensitive interventions. Particular attention and context‐specific interventions are warranted for adolescents in these and similar rural eastern Ethiopian communities.
Screening for iron deficiency in surgical patients based on noninvasive zinc protoporphyrin measurements
Authors: Füllenbach Christoph , Stein Philipp , Glaser Patricia , Triphaus Chris , Lindau Simone , Choorapoikayil Suma , Schmitt Elke , Zacharowski Kai , Hintereder Gudrun , Hennig Georg , Homann Christian , Stepp Herbert , Spahn Gabriela H. , Kaserer Alexander , Schedler Andreas , Meybohm Patrick , Spahn Donat R. 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUNDApproximately every third surgical patient is anemic. The most common form, iron deficiency anemia, results from persisting iron‐deficient erythropoiesis (IDE). Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) is a promising parameter for diagnosing IDE, hitherto requiring blood drawing and laboratory workup.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSNoninvasive ZnPP (ZnPP‐NI) measurements are compared to ZnPP reference determination of the ZnPP/heme ratio by high‐performance liquid chromatography (ZnPP‐HPLC) and the analytical performance in detecting IDE is evaluated against traditional iron status parameters (ferritin, transferrin saturation [TSAT], soluble transferrin receptor–ferritin index [sTfR‐F], soluble transferrin receptor [sTfR]), likewise measured in blood. The study was conducted at the University Hospitals of Frankfurt and Zurich.RESULTSLimits of agreement between ZnPP‐NI and ZnPP‐HPLC measurements for 584 cardiac and noncardiac surgical patients equaled 19.7 μmol/mol heme (95% confidence interval, 18.0–21.3; acceptance criteria, 23.2 μmol/mol heme; absolute bias, 0 μmol/mol heme). Analytical performance for detecting IDE (inferred from area under the curve receiver operating characteristics) of parameters measured in blood was: ZnPP‐HPLC (0.95), sTfR (0.92), sTfR‐F (0.89), TSAT (0.87), and ferritin (0.67). Noninvasively measured ZnPP‐NI yielded results of 0.90.CONCLUSIONZnPP‐NI appears well suited for an initial IDE screening, informing on the state of erythropoiesis at the point of care without blood drawing and laboratory analysis. Comparison with a multiparameter IDE test revealed that ZnPP‐NI values of 40 μmol/mol heme or less allows exclusion of IDE, whereas for 65 μmol/mol heme or greater, IDE is very likely if other causes of increased values are excluded. In these cases (77% of our patients) ZnPP‐NI may suffice for a diagnosis, while values in between require analyses of additional iron status parameters.
Hepatitis E virus infection in Hong Kong blood donors
Authors: Tsoi Wai‐Chiu , Zhu Xiaomei , To Amanda Pui‐Chi , Holmberg Jerry 
Published: November 2019

Background and ObjectivesIn Hong Kong, the dominant circulating hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype is type 4, which can cause more severe clinical consequences than type 3. The aim of this study was to determine the HEV prevalence in Hong Kong blood donors.Materials and MethodsUnlinked donation samples (n = 10 000) collected in March to May 2015 were tested for HEV RNA using the Procleix HEV assay in an individual donation format (IDT). A subset of 2000 samples were tested for IgG and IgM anti‐HEV using the Wantai enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nucleic acid testing (NAT) initial reactive results were retested once, and repeatedly reactive donations were subjected to alternative molecular procedures as confirmation tests.ResultsOne in 5000 Hong Kong blood donors was positive for HEV RNA (0·02%). The two RNA positive samples were also IgG and IgM anti‐HEV positive. One of the two RNA positive donors could be sequenced revealing genotype type 4. Anti‐HEV seroprevalence was estimated as 15·5% among all donors. IgG anti‐HEV positive rate for age group 16–20 was 3·1%, and it increased with age to 43·1% for age group 51–60. Sero‐positivity was higher in males (male donors 18·1% vs. female donors 13·2%), but it was mostly due to the difference in a specific age group (41–50).ConclusionHepatitis E virus RNA positive rate of 0·02% was within the reported range of HEV RNA frequency in developed countries. One donor was confirmed to be genotype 4, which is the dominant genotype in circulation in Hong Kong.
Experimental Investigation of Various Regimes of Bubble Formation and Growth—A Theoretical View of Double Coalescence Regime
Authors: Hamidi Amirhossein , Oshaghi Mohammadreza , Afshin Hossein , Firoozabadi Bahar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Bubble formation and growth in a liquid is an important process in many industries. Bubble formation regime determines the essential characteristics of the bubble formation process such as bubble volume, shape, and formation time. The formation regime changes from single to double and multiple by increasing the volumetric gas flowrate. In the present research, various regimes of air bubble formation in pure water and glycerin solutions (glycerin 92%, glycerin 96%, and glycerin 100%) were observed by conducting experiments, and they have been defined in terms of the dimensionless Froude (Fr) and Bond (Bo) numbers. The liquids that have been used in the experiments provide a wide range of viscosity from 0.001 to 1.07 Pa·s. However, the surface tension remains approximately constant. In these experiments, relatively small needle sizes (lower than 0.6 mm), Bond numbers smaller than 0.05, and Froude numbers smaller than 70,000 were used, and the boundaries between various regimes were determined. The results indicate that the Froude number associated with the boundaries between various regimes decreases by increasing Bond number. In addition, for a given needle diameter, the air flowrate at which the regime changes from single to double is lower in glycerin solutions than in water. The mentioned flowrate decreases by increasing the liquid viscosity. Finally, based on the governing equations and experimental results of this study, a new correlation has been obtained to estimate the volume of the first bubble at the moment of the detachment in the double coalescence regime.
Investigation Into the Phenomenon of Flow Deviation in the S-Shaped Discharge Passage of a Slanted Axial-Flow Pumping System
Authors: Wang Chaoyue , Wang Fujun , Tang Yuan , Zi Dan , Xie Lihua , He Chenglian , Zhu Quanrong , Huang Congbing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A remarkable flow deviation phenomenon exists in the S-shaped discharge passage of a slanted axial-flow pumping system. In order to reveal the characteristics and development process of the deviating flow, numerical simulation was performed for a 15 deg slanted axial-flow pumping system, and the deviating flow was measured on an experimental rig. The details of the deviating flow in the S-shaped discharge passage were obtained. A kind of “unwinding” flow structure similar to that of DNA in biology is found in the S-shaped passage. The special structure is characterized by a “single strand” in which original helical streamlines are almost straightened. The bulk speed of the fluids on the “single strand” on the left side of the passage significantly increases while the swirling strength and the kinetic pressure ratio decrease. Large-scale Dean vortices at the passage bottom interact with high transverse energy gradient fluids at the passage top as water flows into the convex part of the S-shaped passage, which leads to the emergence of the “unwinding” structure. Reverse secondary flows further enlarge the scale of the Dean vortices as water flows into the concave part of the S-shaped passage, which results in the growth of the “unwinding” structure. With the development of the asymmetrical flow structure, an irreversible severe flow deviation problem naturally comes into being.
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations during pregnancy: a management dilemma
Authors: Sohail Rubina , Bashir Qasim , Kanwal Shahlla , Ali Maryam Iqbal 
Published: November 2019

The rupture of a brain cranial arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) has been associated with pregnancy; however, due to scarcity of data about this rare condition, management still remains a dilemma both for obstetricians and neurophysicians. The management plan is decided after weighing the benefits of bAVM treatment against the risk of bleeding in pregnancy. There is consensus on deciding the treatment of ruptured brain AVM during pregnancy based on neurological and not obstetrical indications. The management is decided using a multidisciplinary approach.We report the case of a primigravida who presented at 15 weeks of gestation with intracranial haemorrhage secondary to ruptured bAVM, which was managed by glue embolisation. However, she presented again after 9 days in a moribund condition with fever, vomiting and malaise. The family was very concerned about the patient. The multidisciplinary team after evaluation of patient decided for hysterotomy based on the deteriorating maternal condition.