bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic (co)variation and accuracy of selection for resistance to viral mosaic disease and production traits in an inter‐ecotypic switchgrass breeding population
Authors: Edmé Serge J. , Sarath Gautam , Palmer Nathan , Yuen Gary Y. , Muhle Anthony A. , Mitchell Rob , Tatineni Satyanarayana , Tobias Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObtaining good accuracy and reliability of estimated breeding values is essential to increase the efficiency of a plant breeding program. Genetic variation was assessed for categorical (Virc) and binary (Virb) mosaic (caused by Panicum mosaic virus), dry matter (DMY) and predicted ethanol (Etoh) yields, and lignin content (Klason or KL, and acid‐detergent or ADL) in a Summer–Kanlow switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) population. Breeding values were predicted with the restricted maximum likelihood–best linear unbiased prediction (REML‐BLUP) approaches using a multivariate phenotypic (PBLUP) and animal (ABLUP) models, integrating a three‐generation pedigree (1,622 half‐sibs) in ABLUP and not in PBLUP. Models were compared in their precision (accuracy and reliability) in assessing genetic parameters and estimating breeding values. The models were similar in most aspects, allocating the highest heritability () values to DMY (.38 ± .035 vs. .41 ± .035), Etoh (.46 ± .031 vs. .42 ± .033), and Virc (.43 ± .046 vs. .37 ± .047) and the lowest (.17 ± .032 to .30 ± .044) to KL, ADL, and Virb. Genetic correlations were always larger than residual and phenotypic correlations. Intermediate or strong additive genetic control suggest that selecting for high‐biomass genotypes will slightly increase lignin content and simultaneously impart mosaic tolerance. Mitigating an increase in lignin content will require including Etoh in a selection index based on its much stronger negative correlation (rG = −.63) with lignin. In this population, accuracy values ranged from .06 to .94 (PBLUP) and from .26 to .92 (ABLUP) and corresponding reliability ranged from .004 to .89 and from .07 to .87. However, ABLUP improved average reliability of DMY and Etoh by 11% and of other traits by 4–5% over the PBLUP model. The ABLUP was a better model over PBLUP, which is a valid analysis in the absence of a pedigree.
Drug encapsulating polysaccharide‐loaded metal nanoparticles: A perspective drug delivery system
Authors: Prasher Parteek , Sharma Mousmee , Singh Samarth Pratap 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe anticancer and antimicrobial drugs customarily suffer a functional inefficacy due to a limited delivery to the target site, active cellular efflux, in addition to the inadequacy of carrier system. Metal nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical properties as drug delivery vehicles, for delivering the drugs susceptible to cellular efflux pumps. However, a direct physiological exposure of nanoparticle surface after releasing the carrier drug poses serious concerns. The polysaccharides with enhanced biotolerance used for encapsulating the cargo drug molecules, when loaded on the nanoparticle surface presents a perspective drug delivery system combining the physiological benevolence of the former and theranostic/efflux pump evading features of the latter. The present commentary highlight the importance of metal nanoparticle‐loaded polysaccharides as perspective drug delivery system.
Loopholes in the Research Ethics System? Informed Consent Waivers in Cluster Randomized Trials with Individual‐Level Intervention
Authors: London Alex John , Taljaard Monica , Weijer Charles 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTIndividual‐cluster trials randomize groups of individuals but deliver study interventions directly to individual participants. We examine three arguments that might justify the perception that the bar for a waiver of consent should be lower in such trials than for individually randomized trials. We contend that if these arguments are treated as sufficient to grant a waiver of consent, then a loophole emerges in research oversight. Such loopholes are morally hazardous for study participants, the integrity of science, and public trust in the research enterprise. We conclude by articulating the standards that research ethics committees should use to evaluate requests for waivers of consent in individual‐cluster trials.
Ethical and Practical Concerns about IRB Restrictions on the Use of Research Data
Authors: Barnes Mark , Carrithers Judith , Sugarman Jeremy 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTIn response to researcher noncompliance with ethical and regulatory provisions governing research with humans, protocol deviations, and unanticipated problems with research, institutional review boards (IRBs) or institutions sometimes impose restrictions on the use of research data, although specific cases in which this happens are unlikely to be known publicly. We review IRB policies at top research institutions in the United States about restrictions on the use of research data and describe potential reasons for restricting the use of such data in the context of ensuring compliance with human subjects research standards. We also discuss ethical considerations related to restricting the use of research data and argue that IRBs have limited regulatory authority to take such actions. Finally, we offer recommendations regarding decision‐making about restricting the use of research data and call for additional guidance in this area.
Performance of Green Solvents in the Extraction of Sunflower Oil from Enzyme‐Treated Collets
Authors: Rodriguez Luciana M. , Fernández María B. , Pérez Ethel E. , Crapiste Guillermo H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe main goal of this work is to evaluate the extraction of sunflower oil from enzyme‐treated collets using ethanol and isopropanol (IPA) as solvents. The sunflower collets are pretreated with the multienzyme complex Viscozyme L prior to solvent extraction by the Soxhlet method. The influence of the moisture content of the collets, pretreatment, processing time, and solvent type on the amount of total extracted material and the oil extraction efficiency is studied. Some quality parameters such as phospholipid content of the oil and chlorogenic acid content of the residual meal are also analyzed. At low moisture content (7%) the solvents exhibit similar oil extraction ability (98–99%), but with increasing moisture the extraction efficiency of ethanol decreases to about 85%, while no significant differences are observed for IPA. The enzymatic treatment increases the extraction efficiency for all times, especially for ethanol. It is observed that IPA is more efficient in the extraction compared to ethanol, and the amount of nonlipid material is reduced by ≈70%. In addition, the oil extracted with IPA have lower phospholipid content and the residual meal presents a higher chlorogenic acid content.Practical Applications:This work would contribute toward the use of green solvents in the extraction of sunflower oil from collets. Ethanol and isopropanol, used as solvents, present attractive advantages, including low toxicity, good operational security, as well as being obtained from a renewable source. The obtained data provide up‐to‐date information on the use of these alcohols in the extraction of sunflower oil from collets and the influence of operating conditions, such as moisture content, enzymatic pretreatment of the collets, and the extraction time. Information about oil and meal quality is also reported.
Alterations in Hemolymph Ion Concentrations and pH in Adult Daphnia magna in Response to Elevations in Major Ion Concentrations in Freshwater
Authors: Morris Carolyn , Sakarya Michael , Koh Odelia , O'Donnell Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Increases in the concentrations of major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−) in freshwater are a growing concern for ecosystem health. These increases may originate from anthropogenic activities such as road deicing, fracking spills, mining, and fertilizer application and have detrimental effects on freshwater organisms through disturbances in ionoregulation and acid–base balance. The cladoceran Daphnia magna is adapted for active ion uptake and reduction of ion loss to maintain osmotic balance, but alterations in ionic composition of the environmental water are associated with toxicity. In the present study, hemolymph ion concentrations were measured using ion-selective microelectrode techniques. Increases in the hemolymph concentrations of Na+ and K+ correspond to elevations in the concentrations of these ions in ambient water. Water concentrations associated with sustained increases in hemolymph ion concentrations correlate well with median lethal concentration values from previous toxicology studies, indicating that Na+ and K+ concentrations in hemolymph may predict toxicity. When water K+ concentration is increased, a simultaneous increase in water Na+ concentration mitigates the increase in hemolymph K+ concentration, a finding which is consistent with the reported mitigation of K+ toxicity by Na+. When ambient concentrations of K+, Na+, and Cl− are increased, not only is there a rise in hemolymph ion concentration but hemolymph pH is altered and pH regulation appears to be prioritized over regulation of hemolymph Na+, K+, and Cl− in D. magna. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:366–379. © 2020 SETAC
Differential sensitivities of triple‐negative breast cancer stem cell towards various doses of vitamin C: An insight into the internal antioxidant systems
Authors: Sen Utsav , Chaudhury Debajit , Shenoy P Sudheer , Bose Bipasha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are quiescent and self‐renewing, having low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and are responsible for cancer recurrence after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the interplay between the ROS production and scavenging from the oxidative stress has never been studied in breast CSCs. In this present study, we have investigated the cellular energetics of two triple‐negative breast cancer stem cells (MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐468) treated with two pharmacological doses of vitamin C (10 and 20 mM) that generated ROS. Our results indicate a differential behavior of ROS scavenging by both the CSCs. MDA‐MB‐468 CSCs exhibited higher resistance to ROS induced damage owing to the higher antioxidant activity, lower mitochondrial damage, and less decrease in membrane potential (ΔΨm) as compared with MDA‐MB‐231 CSCs. Moreover, MDA‐MB‐231 CSCs exhibited an intrinsic apoptosis pathway by activating the cytochrome c, caspase‐9, 3, 7, and cleaved PARP upon treatment with vitamin C. This data suggests a possible strategy for targeting breast CSCs using vitamin C. Taken together, the CSCs from MDA‐MB‐231 could be easily targeted by high/pharmacological doses of vitamin C (≥20 mM) thereby indicating a less robust internal antioxidant machinery.
Epigenetic silencing of the osteoblast‐lineage gene program during hippocampal maturation
Authors: Aguilar Rodrigo , Bustos Fernando J. , Nardocci Gino , van Zundert Brigitte , Montecino Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that epigenetic control of gene expression plays a significant role during cell lineage commitment and subsequent cell fate maintenance. Here, we assess epigenetic mechanisms operating in the rat brain that mediate silencing of genes that are expressed during early and late stages of osteogenesis. We report that repression of the osteoblast master regulator Sp7 in embryonic (E18) hippocampus is mainly mediated through the Polycomb complex PRC2 and its enzymatic product H3K27me3. During early postnatal (P10), juvenile (P30), and adult (P90) hippocampal stages, the repressive H3K27me3 mark is progressively replaced by nucleosome enrichment and increased CpG DNA methylation at the Sp7 gene promoter. In contrast, silencing of the late bone phenotypic Bglap gene in the hippocampus is PRC2‐independent and accompanied by strong CpG methylation from E18 through postnatal and adult stages. Forced ectopic expression of the primary master regulator of osteogenesis Runx2 in embryonic hippocampal neurons activates the expression of its downstream target Sp7 gene. Moreover, transcriptomic analyses show that several genes associated with the mesenchymal‐osteogenic lineages are transcriptionally activated in these hippocampal cells that express Runx2 and Sp7. This effect is accompanied by a loss in neuronal properties, including a significant reduction in secondary processes at the dendritic arbor and reduced expression of critical postsynaptic genes like PSD95. Together, our results reveal a developmental progression in epigenetic control mechanisms that repress the expression of the osteogenic program in hippocampal neurons at embryonic, postnatal, and adult stages.
Contextual victimization is associated with slower inhibition control: A pictorial violence‐Stroop study carried out in Juárez, Mexico
Authors: Martín del Campo‐Ríos Jaime , Fernández‐Ballbé Óscar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContextual victims are those individuals who are indirectly traumatized by the physical and sociocultural conditions of their violent communities through second‐hand information. The purpose of this study was to examine the inhibitory control to violent stimuli in contextual victims from the city of Juárez, Mexico. A pictorial violence‐Stroop was constructed with violent, positive, and neutral images. Forty‐six university students with low (n = 22) and high (n = 24) scores on the Community Victimization by Community Violence Questionnaire participated. The study adopted a 2 (group = high contextual victims and low contextual victims) × 3 (stimulus type = violent, positive, and neutral) factorial design with repeated measures on the second factor. There were two significant effects which favored the low‐context compared with the high‐context victimization group, notably faster reaction times in the violent stimulus condition (968.93 vs. 1136.26 ms; H = 5.031; p = .024) and the neutral stimulus condition (899.68 vs. 1013 ms; H = 5.130; p = .025). Results suggest that individuals who are highly exposed to contextual violence may be more sensitive towards violent stimuli, and that their performance on inhibitory tasks that include violence as a distractor cue may be more cognitively demanding.
The role of the parent–child relationship in fostering resilience in American Indian/Alaskan Native children
Authors: Tolliver‐Lynn Maddison N. , Marris Alvina M. , Sullivan Maureen A. , Armans Mira 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResilience is a key characteristic to study in families, particularly those who have experienced significant systemic risk factors. While much resilience research focuses on ethnic and cultural minorities, little research focuses specifically on American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) families. The parent–child relationship has been demonstrated to be a key characteristic in families, and this relationship may also serve as a protective factor for AI/AN families. Positive parent–child relationships are consistently linked to positive child outcomes, and parental psychological symptoms are linked with child psychological symptoms in non‐Native families. These associations warrant further examination among AI/AN families. We hypothesized that the parent–child relationship would moderate the link between parent distress (i.e., depressive and anxious symptoms) and child internalizing problems in a sample of 57 AI/AN parents of children 3–5 years of age. As expected, the parent–child relationship moderated the associations between parent anxiety symptoms and child internalizing symptoms, and between parent depressive symptoms and child internalizing symptoms. Furthermore, the strength of the parent–child relationship buffered the effects of parent distress on child internalizing symptoms. Results highlight the potentially protective role of strong parent–child relationships in AI/AN families.
Overexpression of enolase 2 is associated with worsened prognosis and increased glycikolysis in papillary renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Sun Chenmin , Liu Min , Zhang Wenyi , Wang Shuyan , Qian Gang , Wang Mi , Zhang Guangming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPapillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is characterized with underlying genetic disorders and the role enolase 2 (ENO2) in ccRCC is unknown. An in silico exploratory analysis using multiple public genetic datasets was used to establish association between ENO2 expression and clinicopathological parameters. Associations of interest were validated using 49 pRCC samples using immunohistochemistry. In vitro and in vivo assays were carried out to validate findings in tissue. ENO2 was overexpressed and prognostic in pRCC. ENO2 expression was significantly higher in younger patients and in CpG island methylator phenotype subtype. ENO2‐overexpressed cases showed significant enrichment in glycolysis. Overexpression of ENO2 significantly increased proliferation and silencing of ENO2 significantly inhibited growth of ACHN cells. Glycolytic genes HK1, HK 2, and lactate dehydrogenase A were decreased when ENO2 was silenced in ACHN. Glycolytic inhibitor TT‐232 showed minimal inhibitory effect on ACHN cells yet showed synergistic effect in the presence of ENO2 silencing. ENO2 significantly increased and decreased extracellular glucose, respectively in ACHN cells. Xenograft mouse model showed ENO2 silencing and TT‐232 combination treatment showed synergistic effect in ACHN tumors. ENO2 is associated with worsened prognosis in pRCC and is related to glycolysis. ENO2‐targeted therapy can be of therapeutic potential.
Mitigation of eco‐unfriendly and costly microbial induced corrosion using novel synthesized Schiff base cationic surfactants
Authors: Kobisy Atef S , Nassar Hussein N , Tawfik Salah M , Elshatoury Einas H , Aiad Ismail 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) are considered to be the major cause of microbial‐induced corrosion. It contributes to many environmental and other costly industrial problems in the petroleum industry. Thus there is always a great need for producing new efficient biocides and biocorrosion inhibitors.RESULTSIn this work, three Schiff base surfactants (coded Q12, Q14 and Q18) were synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared and 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. A mixed culture of SRB was collected from an oil field production tank located at the North Bahrya Petroleum Company (NORPETCO), Egypt. The antimicrobial effect of the newly synthesized surfactants was studied against sessile and planktonic SRB over their different growth phases by various methods: viable cell count via most probable number method, estimation of biogenic sulfide concentrations, weight loss of iron coupons in microbial growth medium and biofilm examination on coupon surfaces using scanning electron microscopy. The synthesized surfactants expressed a high inhibition effect on bacterial growth, recording a minimum inhibitory concentration of 750 mg L−1 for Q18 and 1000 mg L−1 for both Q12 and Q14, with a considerable decline in biogenic sulfide productivity from a dose of 500 mg L−1 until complete suppression at a dose of 1000 mg L−1. Also the synthesized surfactants showed an effective metal corrosion inhibition at a concentration of 500 mg L−1.CONCLUSIONSchiff base cationic surfactants with long hydrophobic chains can be recommended as biocorrosion inhibitors for industrial application in the petroleum sector. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Enzymatic valorization process of yellow cocoon waste for production of antioxidative sericin and fibroin film
Authors: Yakul Kamon , Kaewsalud Tanyawat , Techapun Charin , Seesuriyachan Phisit , Jantanasakulwong Kittisak , Watanabe Masanori , Takenaka Shinji , Chaiyaso Thanongsak 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCocoon waste, solid waste from the silk industry, is currently utilized as low‐cost spun silk yarn. In this study, the enzymatic valorization process of yellow cocoon waste to produce antioxidative sericin hydrolysate and fibroin film was demonstrated.RESULTSThe enzymatic process involving thermostable alkaline protease from Bacillus halodurans SE5 (protease_SE5) was superior to the conventional high temperature and high pressure and 0.5% Na2CO3 processes. Protease_SE5 produced sericin hydrolysate with high peptide concentration (0.335 mg mL–1) and provided degummed fibroin with a complete structure. Sericin hydrolysate from protease_SE5‐assisted hydrolysis showed remarkable radical scavenging activities on ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays with 602, 3.90 and 24.8 μmol Trolox equivalents (TE) g−1 protein, respectively. After ultrafiltration and size‐exclusion chromatography, two active fractions (F1 and F2) were obtained from sericin hydrolysate with ABTS radical scavenging activity of 2120 and 3289 μmol TE g−1 protein, respectively. Identification of bioactive peptides by de novo sequencing was conducted, and seven candidate peptides were identified with high content of key antioxidative amino acids (His, Phe, Trp, Tyr and Arg) in the sequences. Moreover, bioactivities of several of the peptides were predicted by bioinformatics databases. Besides, the mechanical properties of enzyme‐derived fibroin film were also improved, with tensile strength and elongation at break of 62.1 MPa and 3.6% in the dry state, and 8.5 MPa and 140% in the wet state.CONCLUSIONThis enzymatic process could be an effective way for valorizing cocoon waste. The value‐added products from agricultural waste have promising applications in food, pharmaceutical and biomedical materials. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Overview of S(T)EMelectron detectors with garnet scintillators: Some potentials and limits
Authors: Schauer Petr , Lalinský Ondřej , Kučera Miroslav 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe paper is focused on a complete configuration and design of a scintillation electron detector in scanning electron and/or scanning transmission electron microscopes (S(T)EM) with garnet scintillators. All processes related to the scintillator and light guide were analyzed. In more detail, excitation electron trajectories and absorbed energy distributions, efficiencies and kinetics of scintillators, as well as the influence of their anti‐charging coatings and their substrates, assigned optical properties, and light guide efficiencies of different configurations were presented and discussed. The results indicate problems with low‐energy detection below 1 keV when the scandium conductive coating with a thickness of only 3 nm must be used to allow electron penetration without significant losses. It was shown that the short rise and decay time and low afterglow of LuGdGaAG:Ce liquid‐phase epitaxy garnet film scintillators guarantee a strong modulation transfer function of the entire imaging system resulting in a contrast transfer ability up to 0.6 lp/pixel. Small film scintillator thicknesses were found to be an advantage due to the low signal self‐absorption. The optical absorption coefficients, refractive indices, and the mirror optical reflectance of materials involved in the light transport to the photomultiplier tube photocathode were investigated. The computer‐optimized design SCIUNI application was used to configure the optimized light guide system. It was shown that nonoptimized edge‐guided systems possess very poor light guiding efficiency as low as 1%, while even very complex optimized ones can achieve more than 20%.