bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative effects of photobleaching in volumetric STED imaging—artefacts and possible benefits
Authors: Srambickal Chinmaya Venugopal , Bergstrand Jan , Widengren Jerker 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging, the excitation and depletion laser beams extend well beyond the focal plane in the imaged sample. We investigated how photobleaching resulting from this irradiation can affect STED images, by acquiring 3D images of fluorescent polystyrene beads using a 2D STED microscope, and applying different Z pixel sizes, scanning speeds, resulting in different laser light doses. While higher STED beam irradiances can increase the spatial resolution, they can also significantly increase photobleaching and thereby reduce signal-to-background levels. In 2D STED imaging, based on a single scan within the focal plane, scan parameters can often be selected to avoid photobleaching effects. Upon 3D optical sectioning experiments however, using the same scan parameters, additional cumulative effects of photobleaching may appear, due to the extension of the excitation and depletion laser beams beyond the focal planes being scanned. Apart from a reduction in signal-to-background levels, such photobleaching can lead to an apparent shift of the axial localization of the objects in the images, but also to an increased resolution in the axial dimension. These findings, confirmed by simulations based on a simplified model for photobleaching, suggests some caution in volumetric STED imaging experiments, but also a possibility for enhanced axial resolution in such experiments.
Dose perturbation caused by metallic port in breast tissue expander in proton beam therapy
Authors: Zhao Li , Moskvin Vadim P , Cheng Chee-Wai , Das Indra J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Proton beam treatment is being looked favourably now in breast treatment. Tissue expanders are often placed after mastectomy that contains metallic port for saline injection which produces dose perturbations in proton beam therapy with uncertain dosimetry. Dose perturbation for a stainless-steel injection port from a breast implant is investigated in this study. Measurements, Monte-Carlo simulation, and calculated dose distribution of plans based on kVCT and MVCT images are compared. Treatment plans are performed on kVCT and MVCT images to observe the effect of metal artifact from the breast implant. The kVCT based plan underestimates the beam range due to the overestimated water equivalent thickness of the metal ports as a result of image degradation. Compared to the measurement with metal port in the proton beam, the MVCT-based treatment planning provides more accurate dose calculation than the kVCT-based results. The dose perturbation factor calculated from MVCT planning is within 10% of the measurement results while HU corrected kVCT plan still shows dose difference as large as 100% due to the incorrect range pull back calculation caused by the misrepresentation of the volume between the plastic cap and the stainless-steel base. The dose enhancement observed at the metal and solid water interface is as large as 15%, which needs to be accounted for in the planning process if there is a clinical concern. Dose reduction as large as 16% is observed with depth from 1 cm to 4 cm underneath the thickest part of the metallic port whereas lateral dose perturbation is also seen up to 7 mm. The measurement data are supported by the Monte-Carlo simulated results with a maximum dose difference of 6%. It is concluded that if proton beam is used with metallic port, MVCT imaging data is recommended. In lieu of MVCT, DECT, CT scanner with metal artifact reduction software or in the very least, extended HU range should be used to reduce the streaking artifact as well as to produce a more accurate image of the metallic port.
Matrix and tensor completion using tensor ring decomposition with sparse representation
Authors: Asante-Mensah Maame G , Ahmadi-Asl Salman , Cichocki Andrzej 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Completing a data tensor with structured missing components is a challenging task where the missing components are not distributed randomly but they admit some regular patterns, e.g. missing columns and rows or missing blocks/patches. Many of the existing tensor completion algorithms are not able to handle such scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient approach for matrix/tensor completion by applying Hankelization and distributed tensor ring decomposition. Our main idea is first Hankelizing an incomplete data tensor in order to obtain high-order tensors and then completing the data tensor by imposing sparse representation on the core tensors in tensor ring format. We apply an efficient over-complete discrete cosine transform dictionary and sparse representation techniques to learn core tensors. Alternating direction methods of multiplier and accelerated proximal gradient approaches are used to solve the underlying optimization problems. Extensive simulations performed on image, video completions and time series forecasting show the validity and applicability of the method for different kinds of structured and random missing elements.
Smallerp-values in genomics studies using distilled auxiliary information
Authors: Bryan Jordan G , Hoff Peter D 
Published: November 2020

SummaryMedical research institutions have generated massive amounts of biological data by genetically profiling hundreds of cancer cell lines. In parallel, academic biology labs have conducted genetic screens on small numbers of cancer cell lines under custom experimental conditions. In order to share information between these two approaches to scientific discovery, this article proposes a ”frequentist assisted by Bayes” (FAB) procedure for hypothesis testing that allows auxiliary information from massive genomics datasets to increase the power of hypothesis tests in specialized studies. The exchange of information takes place through a novel probability model for multimodal genomics data, which distills auxiliary information pertaining to cancer cell lines and genes across a wide variety of experimental contexts. If the relevance of the auxiliary information to a given study is high, then the resulting FAB tests can be more powerful than the corresponding classical tests. If the relevance is low, then the FAB tests yield as many discoveries as the classical tests. Simulations and practical investigations demonstrate that the FAB testing procedure can increase the number of effects discovered in genomics studies while still maintaining strict control of type I error and false discovery rate.
A Spatial Approach for Ending the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic for the United States—A DC Model
Authors: Das Suparna , Allston Adam , Opoku Jenevieve , Kharfen Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMode of transmission–based hotspots is a smart approach to HIV mitigation, yet remains poorly evaluated and implemented in the United States. The primary aim was to identifying mode of transmission–based hotspots and populations at risk of lower viral suppression to assist in targeted planning and implementation of programs.MethodsWe implemented spatial statistics to identify global-local hotspots and regression analysis to find populations at risk of lower viral suppression within hotspots. Data were obtained from the District of Columbia’s (DC’s) active surveillance system, which were geocoded based on current residence address.ResultsThe analysis identified 6001 HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) and 6077 HIV-positive non-MSM (N = 12 078) living in DC at the end of 2018. The hotspots for MSM were central DC and non-MSM in south DC. Trends of viral suppression within MSM hotspots showed plateauing and, among non-MSM, showed decline. Regression analysis showed MSM aged 21–25 (RR: 3.199; 95% CI: 1.832–5.586) and not linked to care (8.592; 2.907–25.398) were at higher risk of being virally unsuppressed within the hotspots. For non-MSM we found those aged 12–18 (9.025; 3.314–2.581) and with unknown linkages (6.087; 3.346–13.848) were at higher risk of being virally unsuppressed within the hotspots.ConclusionsOur analysis provides a model that may be used by other jurisdictions to identify areas of priority and plan treatment-adherence programs using surveillance data. Attaining viral suppression is crucial in reducing new diagnoses; a spatial approach can be an important tool in Ending the HIV Epidemic.
A good gayOdyssey: Andrew Sean Greer’sLess
Authors: Fletcher Judith 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAndrew Sean Greer’s comedic novel Less is a self-reflexive version of the Odyssey, featuring a gay love story in which the narrator and his subject merge to produce a postmodern homophrosyne that recapitulates the like-mindedness of Odysseus and Penelope. Although the novel makes explicit allusions to specific events and characters of the Homeric epic, its most significant intertextuality is not inscribed in Less’s events and characters, but rather in their telling, as if by a male Penelope to whom Odysseus recounted his tales. Using the device of the mise-en-abyme, and yet disrupting the conventions of novelistic story-telling, Greer aligns the recursive structures of his text in order to intertwine theories of narratology with sexual identity.
Case report of SARS Co-V2 infection, acute pulmonary embolism, and right ventricular thrombus
Authors: Vervaat Fabienne E , Houthuizen Patrick 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 is a novel disease that has been associated with changes in haemostasis and increased risk of thrombosis, especially in patients who are critically ill.

Case summary
a 71-year-old patient presented to the emergency department with acute respiratory failure. The patient had been discharged from the hospital 1 day before, after apparent recovery of a proven COVID-19 infection. Relevant medical history reports polycythemia vera. The diagnostic work-up included a CT-scan of the thorax, revealing bilateral sub-segmental pulmonary embolism. An echocardiogram showed a dilated right ventricle with poor systolic function and a large multi-lobar thrombus. Forty-eight hours after initiation of treatment with therapeutic anticoagulation the thrombus was no longer seen on the echocardiogram.

Discussion
This case confirms the high risk of thrombosis in COVID-19 infection as has been described in recent literature. It demonstrates the severity of the coagulopathy given the presence of both bilateral sub-segmental pulmonary embolism and right ventricular thrombus, despite treatment with prophylactic anticoagulation. Remarkable in this case is the fact that the patient had a myeloproliferative neoplasm (polycythaemia vera). This is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, especially in the presence of erythrocytosis, leucocytosis, and/or inflammation.
Old unsolved problems: when and how to treat silent ischaemia
Authors: Indolfi Ciro , Polimeni Alberto , Mongiardo Annalisa , De Rosa Salvatore , Spaccarotella Carmen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Silent myocardial ischaemia (SMI) is defined as objective evidence of ischaemia without angina (or equivalent symptoms) in the presence of coronary artery disease, differing from silent coronary artery disease. Silent myocardial ischaemia represents the majority of episodes of myocardial ischaemia at Holter monitoring. During transient myocardial ischaemia, the symptoms appear after the contraction anomalies of the left ventricle and after the ECG changes. The cause of silent myocardial ischaemia is still not well established. The severity and duration of ischaemia have been theorized as important elements in the SMI mechanism. Another possible mechanism responsible for SMI is represented by changes in the perception of painful stimuli with an increased pain threshold. Finally, a neuronal dysfunction of the diabetic, in post-infarction or a cardiac neuronal ‘stunning’ could play a role in SMI. In the pre-stent era, the SMI was associated with a worse prognosis. In patients with diabetes mellitus, SMI seems to be more represented because autonomic dysfunction is present in this category of patients. In conclusion, SMI is more frequent than symptomatic ischaemia. However, despite the presence of countless studies on the subject, it is not clear today whether medical therapy has equalized the risk and what the real prognosis of SMI is.
The path of transcatheter aortic valve implantation: from compassionate to low-risk cases
Authors: Tamburino Corrado , Valvo Roberto , Criscione Enrico , Reddavid Claudia , Picci Andrea , Costa Giuliano , Barbanti Marco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) is one of the most common valvular diseases in developed countries. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as alternative to medical treatment or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in all symptomatic patients with severe AS. In 2002, Cribier performed the first human TAVI through a trans-septal approach in a 57-year-old man with severe AS. Since then, several trials have compared TAVI vs. SAVR over the years. Today, it is superior in terms of mortality to medical therapy in extreme-risk patients, non-inferior or superior to surgery in high-risk patients, and non-inferior to surgery and even superior when transfemoral access is possible in intermediate-risk patients. Interesting results emerged from the latest multicentre trials involving patients with severe AS who were at low risk for death from surgery, demonstrating that this therapy will be offered to younger people in the next future.
Active mitral valve endocarditis with widespread interventricular septal abscesses in a paediatric patient
Authors: Ishimaru Kazuhiko , Iwai Shigemitsu , Tsumura Sanae , Kawata Hiroaki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present the case of a previously healthy 2-year-old boy with extensive infective mitral valve endocarditis, with 2 huge, mobile vegetations attached to the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve and to the left ventricular outflow tract, and interventricular septal abscesses extending into the left ventricular outflow tract without any septal defects. He underwent mitral valve repair and simultaneous drainage of the interventricular septal abscesses excluding the inlet portion to avoid postoperative complications.
In vitro pharmacodynamics of omadacycline against Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Noel A R , Attwood M , Bowker K E , MacGowan A P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The pharmacodynamics of omadacycline have been extensively studied against Gram-positive pathogens but less information is available for Gram-negative pathogens. We describe the pre-clinical pharmacodynamics of omadacycline against Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii.

Methods
An in vitro dilutional pharmacokinetic model was used. Exposure experiments with fAUC/MIC ratios ranging from 0 to 1200 were performed using five strains of E. coli and five strains of A. baumannii. Reduction in bacterial load and changes in population profiles were measured.

Results
The fAUC/MIC targets against E. coli for 24 h static and −1 log reduction in load were 25.3 ± 17.2 and 42.7 ± 32.5, respectively. For A. baumannii the fAUC/MIC for 24 h static effect was 108.1 ± 38.6. Changes in population profiles were observed for E. coli at fAUC/MIC ratios of ≤200 and for A. baumannii up to 1200. MICs were increased 2–32 fold.

Conclusions
fAUC/MIC targets for A. baumannii are greater than for E.coli and changes in population profiles more likely. E. coli fAUC/MIC targets align with in vivo data and will be useful in determining omadacycline dosing for this pathogen.
A multiple-phenotype imputation procedure as a method for prediction of cheese-making efficiency in Spanish Assaf sheep
Authors: Marina Héctor , Reverter Antonio , Gutiérrez-Gil Beatriz , Alexandre Pamela Almeida , Pelayo Rocío , Suárez-Vega Aroa , Esteban-Blanco Cristina , Arranz Juan José 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Sheep milk is mainly intended to manufacture a wide variety of high-quality cheeses. The ovine cheese industry would benefit from an improvement, through genetic selection, of traits related to the milk coagulation properties (MCPs) and cheese yield-related traits, broadly denoted as “cheese-making traits.” Considering that routine measurements of these traits needed for genetic selection are expensive and time-consuming, this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a cheese-making phenotype imputation method based on the information from official milk control records combined with the pH of the milk. For this study, we analyzed records of milk production traits, milk composition traits, and measurements of cheese-making traits available from a total of 1,145 dairy ewes of the Spanish Assaf sheep breed. Cheese-making traits included five related to the MCPs and two cheese yield-related traits. The milk and cheese-making phenotypes were adjusted for significant effects based on a general linear model. The adjusted phenotypes were used to define a multiple-phenotype imputation procedure for the cheese-making traits based on multivariate normality and Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. Five of the seven cheese-making traits considered in this study achieved a prediction accuracy of 0.60 computed as the correlation between the adjusted phenotypes and the imputed phenotypes. Particularly the logarithm of curd-firming time since rennet addition (logK20) (0.68), which has been previously suggested as a potential candidate trait to improve the cheese ability in this breed, and the logarithm of the ratio between the rennet clotting time and the curd firmness at 60 min (logRCT/A60) (0.65), which has been defined by other studies as an indicator trait of milk coagulation efficiency. This study represents a first step toward the possible use of the phenotype imputation of cheese-making traits to develop a practical methodology for the dairy sheep industry to impute cheese-making traits only based on the analysis of a milk sample without the need of pedigree information. This information could be also used in future planning of specific breeding programs considering the importance of the cheese-making efficiency in dairy sheep and highlights the potential of phenotype imputation to leverage sample size on expensive, hard-to-measure phenotypes.
Evaluation of Botanicals for Management of Piercing–Sucking Pests and the Effect on Beneficial Arthropod Populations in Tea Trees Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze (Theaceae)
Authors: Tian Yueyue , Chen Zejun , Huang Xiaoqin , Zhang Lixia , Zhang Zhengqun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The tea green leafhopper Empoasca onukii Matsuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), the orange spiny whitefly, Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintanca) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and the green plant bugs Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür (Hemiptera: Miridae) are the important piercing–sucking herbivores in tea trees Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze (Theaceae). The goal of this study was to evaluate the laboratory toxicities and field control efficacies of botanical insecticides including matrine, azadirachtin, veratrine, and pyrethrin to three tea pests. Via leaf-dip bioassay, toxicity tests with botanical insecticides indicated that there were significant differences between the LC50 values for botanical insecticides within the same insect species. Matrine had the highest toxicity to E. onukii, A. spiniferus, and A. lucorum with the LC50 values of 2.35, 13.10, and 44.88 mg/liter, respectively. Field tests showed that, among four botanical insecticides, matrine at dose of 9 g a.i. ha−1 can significantly reduce the numbers of E. onukii and A. spiniferus and the infestation of A. lucorum on the tea plants. Furthermore, botanical insecticides matrine and azadirachtin had no obvious influence on the coccinellids, spiders, and parasitoids densities in tea plantations. The results of this study indicated that use of botanical insecticides, such as matrine, has the potential to manipulate the population of E. onukii, A. spiniferus, and A. lucorum and will be an effective and environmentally compatible strategy for the control of tea pests.
Successful surgical treatment of a patient with primary insulinoma of the liver
Authors: Kriger A , Berelavichus S , Gorin D , Galkin G , Yukina M , Ilovayskaya I , Zektser V , Nuralieva N , Kaldarov A R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Insulinoma is the most frequent functional neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas, which causes organic hyperinsulinism with severe hypoglycemia. There are no cases of primary insulinoma of the liver described. A 63-year-old female was admitted to our center presenting symptoms of severe hypoglycemia due to confirmed endogenic hyperinsulinism. None of the performed diagnostic procedures could reveal a pancreatic tumor. However, a pathologic mass in the sixth segment of the liver was detected. We performed arterial calcium stimulation that showed increased levels of insulin and c-peptide in almost all stimulated arteries. The highest and most prolonged peaks were detected at the points of the common hepatic artery and the right hepatic artery. After the surgical removal of the liver tumor, the blood glucose level was stabilized within the normal range. Post-operative pathomorphological investigation confirmed the diagnosis of a neuroendocrine tumor. The long-term survival results show correct treatment tactics without any signs of disease recurrence.
HIV- and hypertension-related knowledge and medication adherence in HIV seropositive persons with hypertension
Authors: Jackson I L , Okonta J M , Ukwe C V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
There is increasing prevalence of diseases associated with ageing such as hypertension, among people living with HIV (PLWHV). This study sought to assess: (1) knowledge related to HIV infection and hypertension, (2) adherence to prescribed medications and (3) clinical outcomes among HIV-positive persons with hypertension at a Nigerian hospital.

Methods
The Patient’s HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (PHKQ), Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) and Adherence to Refills and Medication Scale (ARMS) were administered to 220 eligible patients through the HIV clinic. Demographic and clinical data were also obtained.

Results
Participants were predominantly females (57.3%), with a median (IQR) age of 46 (38–58) years; majority were married (67.8%) and employed (60.8%). Participants reported a higher hypertension-related knowledge compared with HIV-related knowledge (63.6% versus 33.3%, Z = −10.263, P &lt; 0.001), but better adherence to antiretroviral medications compared to antihypertensives (100.0% versus 89.3%, Z = −9.118, P &lt; 0.001). Of the 98 participants with documented viral load, 55 (56.1%) had undetectable (&lt;40 copies/ml) values; however, only four (2.0%) of the entire sample had controlled (&lt;140/90 mmHg) blood pressure.

Conclusions
Despite having a higher hypertension-related knowledge, adherence to antihypertensive medications and blood pressure control were poor. There is a need for increased attention to HIV education and comorbidities in PLWHV.