bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission of Garlic virus B, Garlic virus C, Garlic virus D and Garlic virus X by Aceria tulipae (Keifer) in leek
Authors: Dąbrowska Elżbieta , Lewandowski Mariusz , Koczkodaj Sylwia , Paduch-Cichal Elżbieta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractViruses belonging to genusAllexivirusinfest garlic and are spread via propagation material and through a vector, the eriophyid miteAceria tulipae(Keifer).The research material was garlic bulbs originating from Poland, available commercially on the Polish retail market. The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of transmission of Garlic virus B (GarV-B), Garlic virus C (GarV-C), Garlic virus D (GarV-D) and Garlic virus X (GarV-X) from garlic bulbs to leek plants by its vector,A. tulipae. These allexiviruses were detected in garlic bulbs and in leek leaves on which transferred mites fed. There was a high similarity of the genetic structure in the isolates of GarV-B, GarV-C, GarV-D and GarV-X collected from garlic bulbs and the isolates collected from the leek plants. The results of the study showed for the first time the potential of GarV-B, GarV-C, GarV-D and GarV-X to infect leek plants and constitutes the first attempt to examine the ability ofA. tulipaeto transmit these viruses from garlic to leeks.
Strategic gaze: an interactive eye-tracking study
Authors: Hausfeld J. , von Hesler K. , Goldlücke S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present an interactive eye-tracking study that explores the strategic use of gaze. We analyze gaze behavior in an experiment with four simple games. The game can either be a competitive (hide & seek) game in which players want to be unpredictable, or a game of common interest in which players want to be predictable. Gaze is transmitted either in real time to another subject, or it is not transmitted and therefore non-strategic. We find that subjects are able to interpret non-strategic gaze, obtaining substantially higher payoffs than subjects who do not see gaze. If gaze is transmitted in real time, gaze becomes more informative in the common interest games and players predominantly succeed to coordinate on efficient outcomes. In contrast, gaze becomes less informative in the competitive game.
Microscopic Irreversibility: Looking for a Microscopic Description of Time Asymmetry
Authors: Penrose Oliver 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper is an attempt to understand time-reversal asymmetry better by developing the quantitative description of that asymmetry. The aim is not to explain the asymmetry, but to describe it in more detail. Two model systems are considered here; one is the classical Lorentz gas, the other a quantum Lorentz gas. In the classical case, it is argued that the distribution of the directions of motion of particles that are about to hit an obstacle is qualitatitvely different from the analogous distribution for particles that have just hit the obstacle (an entropy-like functional of the velocity distribution function is used to characterize the asymmetry). In the quantum case, a similar distinction is drawn between the density matrix describing particles that have not yet encountered an obstacle and the one describing particles that have hit an obstacle or are in the process of doing so.
A novel methodology for predicting the high rate mechanical response of polymers from low rate data: application to (plasticised) poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Trivedi Akash R. , Siviour Clive R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlasticised and unplasticised poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) are used as engineering materials in many applications where they may be subjected to impact loading leading to high strain rate deformation at a variety of temperatures. It is therefore necessary to study the mechanical responses of these and similar materials over a range of loading conditions, especially as they exhibit strong rate and temperature dependence, and could include a low temperature brittle transition. In this paper, a model of the mechanical response of a PVC with 20 wt% plasticiser and one with no plasticiser is applied over a wide range of strain rates and strains and shown to have excellent agreement with experiments conducted in a previous study. As it is challenging to obtain high rate data on rubbery materials using conventional apparatus, such as the split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), an alternative approach is presented based on a novel modelling framework, which uses the time–temperature superposition principle and is fully calibrated using quasi-static experiments at different temperatures.
Neurocognitive functioning and health-related quality of life in adult medulloblastoma patients: long-term outcomes of the NOA-07 study
Authors: Dirven Linda , Luerding Ralf , Beier Dagmar , Bumes Elisabeth , Reinert Christiane , Seidel Clemens , Bonsanto Matteo Mario , Bremer Michael , Rieken Stefan , Combs Stephanie E. , Herrlinger Ulrich , Seliger Corinna , Kuntze Holger , Mayer-Steinacker Regine , Dieing Annette , Bartels Claudius , Schnell Oliver , Weyerbrock Astrid , Seidel Sabine , Grauer Oliver , Nadji-Ohl Minou , Paulsen Frank , Weller Michael , Wick Wolfgang , Hau Peter 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Combined radiochemotherapy followed by maintenance chemotherapy with cisplatin, lomustine and vincristine within the NOA-07 study resulted in considerable short-term toxicity in adult medulloblastoma patients. Here we investigated the long-term impact of this treatment, focusing on neurocognitive functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods
Neurocognitive functioning and HRQoL scores over time were determined, and differences between the post-treatment and follow-up assessments were calculated up to 18 months for neurocognition and 60 months for HRQoL.

Results
28/30 patients were analyzed. The three preselected HRQoL scales (role, social and cognitive functioning) showed improved scores, to a clinically relevant extent (≥ 10 points), compared to post-treatment levels up to 30 months, but decreased afterwards. Z-scores for verbal working memory were worse during follow-up compared to post-treatment scores and remained impaired during 18 months follow-up (i.e. z-score below − 1 standard deviation). Attention was impaired post-treatment, and remained impaired to a clinically relevant extent during follow-up. Coordination/processing speed and lexical verbal fluency improved compared to post-treatment scores, and remained within the normal range thereafter. Other tests of verbal fluency were stable over time, with z-scores within the normal range.

Conclusions
This long-term follow-up study showed that the NOA-07 treatment regimen was not associated with a deterioration in HRQoL in the post-treatment period. Verbal working memory deteriorated, while other neurocognitive domains did not seem to be impacted negatively by the treatment.
Natural hazard information and migration across cities: evidence from the anticipated Nankai Trough earthquake
Authors: Naoi Michio , Sato Keiichi , Tanaka Yozo , Matsuura Hiroaki , Nagamatsu Shingo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of the 2012 revisions to the damage predictions of an anticipated Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake on subsequent inter-municipality migration in Japan’s coastal areas. We find that an increase in predicted tsunami height—rather than anticipated seismic movements—after the 2012 revision is associated with a subsequent reduction in net migration. While the reducing effect of tsunami predictions on in-migration persisted throughout the study period, the effect on out-migration was only temporary. Moreover, working-age people are more likely to respond to tsunami risk and avoid moving to municipalities with a high tsunami risk after the revisions.
European Human Rights Dimension of the Online Access to Cultural Heritage in Times of the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Kużelewska Elżbieta , Tomaszuk Mariusz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognized that “everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits”. As a result, cultural rights have been understood as inseparable from human rights and require protection mechanisms within particular international (including regional) legal systems. The European continent is proud to have developed one of the most effective mechanisms of the human rights protection by establishing the Council of Europe and adopting the European Court of Human Rights. The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 reformulated many concepts of access to human rights and possibilities to enjoy freedoms. Even if access to culture (access to cultural heritage) has been available online for many years, it is the time of globally occurring lockdowns that forced people to stay home and found themselves in a situation when all of a sudden online access to culture became the only way of access to culture. The article aims to analyze the current situation in Europe by asking questions if and how online access to culture is recognized and protected under the Council of Europe’s mechanisms with special emphasis on the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights in this field.
Clinical outcomes and characteristics of P30L mutations in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Kocova Mirjana , Anastasovska Violeta , Falhammar Henrik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite numerous studies in the field of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, some clinical variability of the presentation and discrepancies in the genotype/phenotype correlation are still unexplained. Some, but not all, discordant phenotypes caused by mutations with known enzyme activity have been explained by in silico structural changes in the 21-hydroxylase protein. The incidence of P30L mutation varies in different populations and is most frequently found in several Central and Southeast European countries as well as Mexico. Patients carrying P30L mutation present predominantly as non-classical CAH; however, simple virilizing forms are found in up to 50% of patients. Taking into consideration the residual 21-hydroxulase activity present with P30L mutation this is unexpected. Different mechanisms for increased androgenization in patients carrying P30L mutation have been proposed including influence of different residues, accompanying promotor allele variability or mutations, and individual androgene sensitivity. Early diagnosis of patients who would present with SV is important in order to improve outcome. Outcome studies of CAH have confirmed the uniqueness of this mutation such as difficulties in phenotype classification, different fertility, growth, and psychologic issues in comparison with other genotypes. Additional studies of P30L mutation are warranted.
Toward a Lockean Unification of Formal and Traditional Epistemology
Authors: Lee Matthew Brandon , Silva Paul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA Lockean metaphysics of belief that understands outright belief as a determinable with degrees of confidence as determinates is supposed to effect a unification of traditional coarse-grained epistemology of belief with fine-grained epistemology of confidence. But determination of belief by confidence would not by itself yield the result that norms for confidence carry over to norms for outright belief unless belief and high confidence are token identical. We argue that this token-identity thesis is incompatible with the neglected phenomenon of “mistuned knowledge” – knowledge in the absence of rational confidence. We show how partial epistemological unification can be secured, even without token identity, given determination of outright belief by degrees of confidence. Finally, we suggest a direction for the pursuit of thoroughgoing epistemological unification.
The role of triage in the prevention and control of COVID-19
Authors: Wang Qiaoxia , Wang Xiaoping , Lin Huanping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:To prevent and control public health emergencies, we set up a prescreening and triage workflow and analyzed the effects on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:In accordance with the requirements of the level 1 emergency response of public health emergencies in Shaanxi Province, China, a triage process for COVID-19 was established to guide patients through a 4-level triage process during their hospital visits. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on positive COVID-19 nucleic acid testing according to the unified triage standards of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial version 4),4 issued by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.Results:The screened rate of suspected COVID-19 was 1.63% (4 of 246) in the general fever outpatient clinic and 8.28% (13 of 157) in the COVID-19 outpatient clinic, and they showed a significant difference (P = .00).Conclusions:The triage procedure effectively screened the patients and identified the high-risk population.
Improvements on the distribution of maximal segmental scores in a Markovian sequence
Authors: Grusea S. , Mercier S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLet
$(A_i)_{i \geq 0}$
be a finite-state irreducible aperiodic Markov chain and f a lattice score function such that the average score is negative and positive scores are possible. Define
$S_0\coloneqq 0$
and
$S_k\coloneqq \sum_{i=1}^k f(A_i)$
the successive partial sums,
$S^+$
the maximal non-negative partial sum,
$Q_1$
the maximal segmental score of the first excursion above 0, and
$M_n\coloneqq \max_{0\leq k\leq\ell\leq n} (S_{\ell}-S_k)$
the local score, first defined by Karlin and Altschul (1990). We establish recursive formulae for the exact distribution of
$S^+$
and derive a new approximation for the tail behaviour of
$Q_1$
, together with an asymptotic equivalence for the distribution of
$M_n$
. Computational methods are explicitly presented in a simple application case. The new approximations are compared with those proposed by Karlin and Dembo (1992) in order to evaluate improvements, both in the simple application case and on the real data examples considered by Karlin and Altschul (1990).
Directed preferential attachment models: Limiting degree distributions and their tails
Authors: Britton Tom 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe directed preferential attachment model is revisited. A new exact characterization of the limiting in- and out-degree distribution is given by two independent pure birth processes that are observed at a common exponentially distributed time T (thus creating dependence between in- and out-degree). The characterization gives an explicit form for the joint degree distribution, and this confirms previously derived tail probabilities for the two marginal degree distributions. The new characterization is also used to obtain an explicit expression for tail probabilities in which both degrees are large. A new generalized directed preferential attachment model is then defined and analyzed using similar methods. The two extensions, motivated by empirical evidence, are to allow double-directed (i.e. undirected) edges in the network, and to allow the probability of connecting an ingoing (outgoing) edge to a specified node to also depend on the out-degree (in-degree) of that node.
Weak convergence of random processes with immigration at random times
Authors: Dong Congzao , Iksanov Alexander 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBy a random process with immigration at random times we mean a shot noise process with a random response function (response process) in which shots occur at arbitrary random times. Such random processes generalize random processes with immigration at the epochs of a renewal process which were introduced in Iksanov et al. (2017) and bear a strong resemblance to a random characteristic in general branching processes and the counting process in a fixed generation of a branching random walk generated by a general point process. We provide sufficient conditions which ensure weak convergence of finite-dimensional distributions of these processes to certain Gaussian processes. Our main result is specialised to several particular instances of random times and response processes.
An invariance principle and a large deviation principle for the biased random walk on
Authors: Liu Yuelin , Sidoravicius Vladas , Wang Longmin , Xiang Kainan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe establish an invariance principle and a large deviation principle for a biased random walk
${\text{RW}}_\lambda$
with
$\lambda\in [0,1)$
on
$\mathbb{Z}^d$
. The scaling limit in the invariance principle is not a d-dimensional Brownian motion. For the large deviation principle, its rate function is different from that of a drifted random walk, as may be expected, though the reflected biased random walk evolves like the drifted random walk in the interior of the first quadrant and almost surely visits coordinate planes finitely many times.
Reproductive biology and diet of the longtail butterfly rayGymnura poecilura(Shaw, 1804) along western Bay of Bengal
Authors: Menon Muktha , Maheswarudu G. , Sree Ramulu K. , Kizhakudan Shoba Joe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe reproductive biology and diet of the longtail butterfly rayGymnura poecilurais described based on 630 specimens (N = 377 females and 253 males). The mean disc width (WD) of females and males was 576.7 mm (range = 190–920 mm) and 416.3 mm (230–550 mm), respectively. Sexual dimorphism in size was seen, with the maximum size of males being only 60% of the maximum female size. The disc widths at 50% maturity (WD50) were estimated to be 506.5 mm (females) and 435.9 mm (males). The mean uterine fecundity was 3.3 (range = 1–8). The size at birth was between 190 and 220 mmWD. Year-round reproduction was indicated, due to the presence of mature males and gravid females throughout the year, neonates in multiple months and large variations in embryo size within months. Feeding intensity increased with body size. Fish accounted for 80.9% of the diet (Index of Relative Importance, IRI), followed by crustaceans (18.9%) and molluscs. The species was found to be a specialized feeder.
Hybrid closure of a large atrial septal defect using Occlutech Flex II septal occluder in a patient with interrupted inferior caval vein
Authors: Bani Hani Amjad , Abdullattif Mai , AL-Ammouri Iyad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present a case of a 31-year-old male with a large atrial septal defect, who was found to have interrupted inferior caval vein with azygous continuation to the superior caval vein, which precluded transcutaneous closure by device. The defect was successfully closed with a 33 mm Occlutech Figula septal occluder using a sub-mammary small thoracotomy incision and per-atrial approach without using cardiopulmonary bypass. The patient was discharged home after 48 hours of procedure.
Spoken Arabic dialect recognition using X-vectors
Authors: Hanani Abualsoud , Naser Rabee 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper describes our automatic dialect identification system for recognizing four major Arabic dialects, as well as Modern Standard Arabic. We adapted the X-vector framework, which was originally developed for speaker recognition, to the task of Arabic dialect identification (ADI). The training and development ADI VarDial 2018 and VarDial 2017 were used to train and test all of our ADI systems. In addition to the introduced X-vectors, other systems use the traditional i-vectors, bottleneck features, phonetic features, words transcriptions, and GMM-tokens. X-vectors achieved good performance (0.687) on the ADI 2018 Discriminating between Similar Languages shared task testing dataset, outperforming other systems. The performance of the X-vector system is slightly improved (0.697) when fused with i-vectors, bottleneck features, and word uni-gram features.
Incidence of multiple herbicide resistance in annual bluegrass (Poa annua) across southeastern Australia
Authors: Barua Rajesh , Boutsalis Peter , Malone Jenna , Gill Gurjeet , Preston Christopher 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnnual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic annual weed in established turf where the intensive use of herbicides has resulted in the evolution of herbicide resistance. In 2017, 31 populations of P. annua suspected to be resistant to herbicides commonly used to control this weed in turf were collected from golf courses across southeastern Australia to check the resistance status to different herbicide groups. All populations were found to be resistant to multiple turf herbicides. Dose–response experiments confirmed resistance to propyzamide, simazine, rimsulfuron, foramsulfuron, endothall, and pinoxaden. Levels of resistance to rimsulfuron (>56-fold), foramsulfuron (>19-fold), endothall (>7-fold), and pinoxaden (>4.3-fold) compared with the susceptible population were high, but levels of resistance to propyzamide (>2-fold) and simazine (>2-fold) were lower. Considerable variation in resistance to endothall and pinoxaden was observed among the populations of P. annua. Target-site resistance was confirmed for acetolactate synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, but not for photosystem II and microtubule assembly inhibitors. This study documented the extensive resistance to herbicides in P. annua from turf in Australia. Three of the populations investigated exhibited multiple resistance to herbicides from five mechanisms of action. The identification of multiple-resistant P. annua on several golf courses is a serious concern for turf managers.
Millstone Hill ISR Measurements of Small Aspect Angle Spectra
Authors: Longley William J. , Erickson Philip J. , Vierinen Juha , Oppenheim Meers M. , Lind Frank D. , Dimant Yakov S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Millstone Hill incoherent scatter (IS) radar is used to measure spectra close to perpendicular to the Earth's magnetic field, and the data are fit to three different forward models to estimate ionospheric temperatures. IS spectra measured close to perpendicular to the magnetic field are heavily influenced by Coulomb collisions, and the temperature estimates are sensitive to the collision operator used in the forward model. The standard theoretical model for IS radar spectra treats Coulomb collisions as a velocity independent Brownian motion process. This gives estimates of Te/Ti < 1 when fitting the measured spectra for aspect angles up to 3.6°, which is a physically unrealistic result. The numerical forward model from Milla and Kudeki (2011, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2010.2057253) incorporates single‐particle simulations of velocity‐dependent Coulomb collisions into a linear framework, and when applied to the Millstone data, it predicts the same Te/Ti ratios as the Brownian theory. The new approach is a nonlinear particle‐in‐cell (PIC) code that includes velocity‐dependent Coulomb collisions which produce significantly more collisional and nonlinear Landau damping of the measured ion‐acoustic wave than the other forward models. When applied to the radar data, the increased damping in the PIC simulations will result in more physically realistic estimates of Te/Ti. This new approach has the greatest impact for the largest measured ionospheric densities and the lowest radar frequencies. The new approach should enable IS radars to obtain accurate measurements of plasma temperatures at times and locations where they currently cannot.