bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SENSATIONAL UNKNOWN FACTS FROM GEORGIAN DIPLOMACY OF 90-IES OF XVIII CENTURY
Authors: Mamuka Natsvaladze  
Published: January 2021

The Italian translation of Erekle the Second’s letter maintained in the archive of Vienna which was published in 1979 by Professor Ilia Tabaghua, reveals a sensational secret. In this letter we found a unique delf unveiling the fact that after the Krtsanisi tragedy suffered in 1795 Erekle the Second addressed Europe.In the course of studies and analyses we came across several delfs in one document that had been considered to be one letter, namely, in the Italian translation of a letter by Erekle the Second; chronologically these delfs turned out to be significantly distant from one other. Further studies conducted on these delfs brought us to the conclusion that in 1795, after the Krtsanisi tragedy, Erekle the Second’s ambassadors arrived to Vienna and handed the letter to the Emperor of Austria.In the Italian translation of a document by Erekle the Second that had been considered by scientists to be one single letter and which is dated with 1782, the fragment saying that “in these days the king’s residence in the East was totally destroyed” caused the first suspicion. We want to especially underline the circumstance that there is no evidence of destruction of any city or a town what could be considered to be the eastern residence of the king, found in the 80-s of the XVIII century. Therefore, there is only one way left – we should accept it that Erekle the Second is speaking about the fact of Agha Mohammad Khan destroying Tbilisi in 1795 – the tragedy that took place 13 years later. It is another fact that in 1782 Erekle the Second had no means to write about the events that would have taken place in 1795.And thus, we have come to the conclusion that the Italian translation of the letter by Erekle the Second prepared by the chancellery of the Emperor of Austria based upon the letter sent by Erekle, is not a single letter but a compilation of at least two letters written by him. We should give due significance to the fact that the mentioned Italian translation does not contain any specific personalized addressee but is addressed to the Emperor of Austria, not revealing to which of the Emperors it addresses namely. The translation does not contain any concrete date either. The article provides review of the purposes and goals that the ambassadorial mission of late fall of 1795 sent by the king Erekle to the Emperor of Austria as well as other delfs of the above mentioned letter that cause suspicion and that unambiguously confirm it that certain fragments of the letter are written in 1795 which on its part implies confirmation of the fact that in the late fall of the year 1795 there had place a diplomatic communication between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti.This latter fact abolishes the view that had been established in historiography up today that Erekle the Second unconventionally turned to Russia after Agha Mohammad Khan brought Tbilisi to earth in 1795.
Hypocalcemia in Elderly Population in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Thapa Sangita , Rayamajhi Rabindra Jang 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: As the medical facilities are improving, the life expectancy is increasing which has led to rapid rise in elderly population. The epidemiology of many diseases in elderly has been modified, including calcium imbalance. This study aims to know the prevalence of hypocalcemia in elderly population visiting a tertiary care center of Kathmandu.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center of Kathmandu from March to July 2020 after obtaining ethical clearance (Ref: 2003202007). Total 402 participants at or above 60 years of age groups visiting outpatient departments were included in the study by convenience sampling method excluding those under vitamin D and calcium supplements. Serum total calcium level was measured using standard routine method and corrected with albumin. The serum calcium value less than 8 mg/dl was considered as hypocalcemia in accordance with the reference range of our laboratory. Data analysis for calculation of frequency and proportion was done in Statistical Package of Social Sciences.
Results: The prevalence of hypocalcaemia in elderly was found to be 97 (24.1%). Out of 286 participants of age group 60-74 years, hypocalcemia was seen in 75 (26.2%) and among 116 participants of age group >74 years, 22 (19%) were hypocalcemic. Among 181 male participants, 44 (24.3%) had hypocalcemia and out of 221 female participants, 53 (24%) had hypocalcemia.
Conclusions: The finding of present study suggests that hypocalcemia is common among elderly which can be life threatening. Therefore, regular monitoring of serum calcium is recommended for this age group.
Outcome of Laparoscopy in Infertile Couples attending a Teaching Hospital in Eastern Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Subedi Shanti Sunuwar , Bhansakarya Rakina , Shrestha Prajmi , Sharma Sajjan Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Infertility is a global health issue and a socially destabilizing condition for couples with several stigmas including medical, social, psychological burdens and a marital disharmony. The aim was to study the outcome of laparoscopy in infertile females attending Nobel Medical College as laparoscopy is considered as a gold standard in investigation and treatment of infertility.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology over a period of May 2018-April 2020, where the outcomes of laparoscopy in infertile females were studied. All the patients with abnormal HSG, unexplained infertility and adnexal mass in the background of infertility were enrolled.
Results: Of the 100 infertile patients who underwent laparoscopy, 62 (62%) had evidence of tubal disease as documented by unilateral or bilateral block, 63 (63%) had peritubal adhesions and hydrosalpinx in 15 (15%). Associated pelvic pathology like endometriosis in 50 (50%) in the form of cyst, adhesions and complete and partial obliteration of Pouch of Douglas.
Conclusion: Laparoscopy is definitely an effective diagnostic tool of tubal and pelvic pathology. Laparoscopy is recommended for all infertile females with suspected tubal factor and moreover it provides opportunity to correct the condition in possible cases.
Filtración marginal con ionómero de vidrio y compómero en molares temporarios en pacientes de 5-10 años
Authors: Salamea Cinthya Coralia 
Published: January 2021

Resumen
Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar las características clínicas entre el ionómero de vidrio (Ionolux, Vocco) y el compómero (TwinkyStar, Vocco) en molares temporales para evitar el filtrado marginal en niños de 5-10 años. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohorte, prospectivo, con población fija y de enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 22 pacientes de 5 a 10 años de la Clínica de Odontopediatría de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca. Se realizaron 44 obturaciones dos en cada participante, una a base de ionómero vítreo fotopolimerizable y otra a base de compómero, con múltiples controles durante 5 meses. Las evaluaciones clínicas siguieron los criterios modificados de la United State Public Health Service (USPHS). Los datos fueron procesados en EXCEL y SPSS con la prueba Tau C de Kendall. Resultados: Las características clínicas entre el ionómero vítreo y el compómero fueron similares, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación a integridad marginal, decoloración, forma anatómica, presencia de caries marginal, textura superficial y sensibilidad postoperatoria entre ellos. El ionómero vítreo mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a integridad marginal (p 0,029) entre los tres a los cinco meses. Conclusiones: Ninguno de estos materiales produce sensibilidad posoperatoria. Los dos materiales presentan características aceptables de integridad marginal y textura superficial por lo cual su uso en dientes deciduos es recomendado.
Calidad de vida en adultos mayores portadores de prótesis dental del Distrito de Cascas. La Libertad – Perú
Authors: Espinoza Salcedo Maria Victoria 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Determinar la calidad de vida en adultos mayores portadores de prótesis dental en el Distrito de Cascas, Gran Chimú región La Libertad. Perú

Material y método: El estudio fue observacional y transversal, se evaluaron a 140 adultos mayores portadores de prótesis total y que firmaron consentimiento informado. Para medir la calidad de vida se utilizó el índice OHIP–14sp, previo entrenamiento de la investigadora. Se obtuvo el Intervalo de confianza al 95% y se empleó el análisis estadístico Chi cuadrado con un nivel de significancia de 0.05.
Resultados:
La calidad de vida es buena en los adultos mayores en el 84.29% (IC 77.90 – 90.67) y regular con un 15.71%, además las dimensiones limitación funcional, malestar e incapacidad psicológica, incapacidad social y minusvalía, fueron menos afectadas y las dimensiones dolor e incapacidad física, fueron las más afectadas en la calidad de vida. No existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas según género y grupo etáreo en los adultos mayores evaluados.
Conclusión:
La calidad de vida en adultos mayores portadores de prótesis dental es buena en el Distrito de Cascas, Gran Chimú de la región La Libertad. Perú
Passenger rail transport and mobility: user's view about service level and safety
Authors: Mello Andrea Justino Ribeiro , Oliveira Camila de Melo Cardoso de , Silva Laryssa Curty da , Menezes André da Silva 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: presents and categorizes the main problems registered by users of urban trains in the state of Rio de Janeiro, and makes an analysis of episodes of violence, crossing this data with the categories of service levels.
Methodology: a documentary to verify recorded and reported occurrences on the temporary discontinuation of the users' dissatisfaction service shown in the complaints made in the years 2018 and 2019.
Findings: security news refers to stations that are located in admittedly violent neighborhoods in the northern part of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Shootings paralyze the circulation of trains and affect the level of services offered by the concessionaire, as they cause the non-compliance with the programmed frequency, the increase in travel time, the feeling of insecurity in stations, trains and integrations and, consequently, the loss of service reliability. .
Research Limitation / implication: The search referred to the period from January 2018 to December 2019, and applying the filters referring to the central theme, 57 valid news items were obtained for categorization and analysis .
Originality: contributes to highlight criticisms at the service level and proposes an agenda for studies that contribute to offering safe, comfortable trips, and at acceptable times/costs.
Participation of stakeholders in sustainable management of a state-owned forest reserve in kwara state, nigeria
Authors: Babalola Folaranmi Dapo , Jegede Elizabeth Bethlove 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The study evaluates participation of stakeholders in sustainable management of Odun Forest Reserve, a government owned reserve located in Irepodun Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. The reserve is under the management of the State Forestry Department with dominance of Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea.
Methodology: Stakeholders selected for this study include the rural dwellers, the timber contractors and designated staff of the Kwara State Department of Forestry. Structured questionnaire was used for collection of primary data.
Findings: The products collected in the reserve include timber, firewood and leaves. Majority of the rural dwellers did not participate in the decision making relating to Odun Forest Reserve (87,5%), prevention of illegal exploitation (80,0%) and in the management of Odun Forest Reserve. Concerted efforts are required by the State Forestry Department to involve the local stakeholders in the management.
Research Limitation: Entry into the reserve is by authorization or payment of levy to the Department of Forestry.
Originality: The development of the area as a whole will eventually enable the realization of the goal of sustainable forest reserve management. Participation will give the stakeholders the sense of ownership necessary for sustainability and protection against illegal activities.
Правове регулювання боротьби проти пияцтва в 1920-ті роки в УСРР та в сучасній Україні: порівняльний аналіз
Authors: Головко О. М. , Греченко В. А. , Марцеляк С. М. 
Published: January 2021

Здійснено порівняльний аналіз правового регулювання попередження алкоголізму в 1920-ті роки в Українській СРР та 100 років по тому в незалежній Україні. Правове регулювання попередження алкоголізму в 1920-ті роки здійснювалося шляхом обмеження виробництва та продажу алкоголю (до 1925 р.), боротьби із самогоноварінням, залучення міліції для затримання пияків і тих, хто скоїв злочин у стані сп’яніння. Певне значення мали рішення щодо посилення просвітницької роботи та демонстрування шкідливості вживання алкоголю. На сучасному етапі для попередження алкоголізму використовуються адміністративні та профілактичні заходи, проведення яких покладається на поліцію.
THE MANAGEMENT CLOSE REDUCTION OF MANDIBULAR FRACTURE IN PEDIATRIC PATIENT: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Yanti Melva Novi , Tasman Abel , Fathurachman Fathurachman 
Published: January 2021

Mandibular fractures are less common in children compared to adults, due to a number of factors including the anatomical complexity of mandibular development in a child. This article aims to discuss the treatment’s principle of mandibular fractures differ from that of adults due to concerns regarding mandibular growth and development of dentition. A case of a 7-year old boy with fracture of the left mandibular corpus that sinistra region was treated with a closed reduction method using gunning splints with circumferential mandibular wires. On the sixth week after surgery, the circumferential mandibular wiring and splint were removed. From clinical examination there was no edema; no oral mucosal abnormalities were found; no teeth mobility; and no step displacement at corpus mandibular sinistra region. The treatment’s goal is to restore the structures from the broken bone to its pre-injury position as non-invasively as possible with minimal residual esthetic and functional impairment.
THE USE OF INLAY PATTERN RESIN AS AN ABUTMENT CROWN TEMPLATE FOR REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES: CLINICAL REPORT
Authors: Naliani Silvia , Bonifacius Setyawan , Martono Hadisusanto Ali 
Published: January 2021

Patients with removable partial denture need abutment tooth as retainer for the clasp. In some cases, this tooth requires endodontic treatment or even jacket crown so it can be used as a clasp retainer. For patient with removable partial denture, post core and crown fabrication in abutment teeth require adjustments to the crown to fit with denture clasp. First case, a 23-year-old male patient with fractured lower second premolar tooth because of previous metal restoration failure and had been treated with root canal treatment. The tooth was used as an abutment for removable partial denture that was still in good condition. The tooth was later treated with cast post and core with PFM (Porcelain fused to metal) crown. Second case, a 60-year-old female patient came to the clinic with a complaint of fracture in upper first premolar. This tooth was also used as abutment for maxillary framework partial denture. A template made of pattern resin was made to reproduce the dentures for both cases. Acrylic resin has good accuracy and stability to reproduce parts of the denture. The advantage of this technique is that patients can use their denture during fabrication of the crown.
Karakterisasi Spesies Averrhoa yang Tumbuh di Kota Kediri Berdasarkan Pendekatan Palinologi
Authors: Wahyuni Dwi , Swandono Hari Untarto 
Published: January 2021

Averrhoa is a member of the Oxalidaceae family and has four types, namely Averrhoa carambola, Averrhoa bilimbi, Averrhoa leucopetala, Averrhoa dolichocarpa.. Among the four types of averhoa, the most commonly found growing and planted in Kediri's yards were Averrhoa carambola and Averrhoa bilimbi. Cultivation of this plant is usually done by vegetative and generative with seeds. Pollen has long been used as an indicator in plant taxonomy, because in pollen there are many secret characters. This study aims to determine characterization Averrhoa species that grow in Kediri City based on a palinological approach. The result of this research is Averrhoa pollen that grows in Kediri City has almost the same characteristics, namely very small size, spheroidal Prolate shape, trizonocolpate aperture and isopolar polarity. The similarity is so great because the environmental conditions in which these two types of plants grow are the same. The difference in the character of pollen that grows in Kediri City lies in its ornamentation. In Averrhoa carambola ornate Perforate-Foveolate and Averrhoa bilimbi with reticulate character. This difference in ornament is due to the fact that these two types of plants have different species.
PENENTUAN NILAI SPF DAN UJI ANTIBAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus EKSTRAK DAUN DAN KULIT BATANG TANAMAN BANGKAL (Nauclea Subdita)
Authors: Kusuma wardhani Ariessanty Alicia , Pardede Antoni , Prasiska Emilda 
Published: January 2021

Tanaman bangkal adalah tanaman khas kalimantan selatan. Umumnya masyarakat kalimantan selatan menggunakan kulit tanaman bangkal untuk kosmetik dan daun tanaman bangkal untuk pengobatan tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan tabir surya yang ditentukan melalui penentuan nilai SPF (Sun Protection Factor) dan uji antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada ekstrak etanol daun dan kulit batang tanaman bangkal (Nauclea subdita). Penentuan nilai SPF dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan uji antibakteri ekstrak terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Klindamisin sebagai kontrol positif digunakan untuk menjadi pembanding aktivitas antibateri. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh diketahui bahwa nilai SPF meningkat sesuai dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi ekstrak, baik untuk ekstrak daun maupun ekstrak kulit batang tanaman bangkal. Secara keseluruhan nilai SPF ekstrak daun lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak kulit batang tanaman bangkal. Uji antibakteri pada ekstrak daun dan kulit batang tanaman bangkal menunjukkan bahwa zona hambat yang terbesar dihasilkan oleh aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun tanaman bangkal dengan konsentrasi 300 ppm dan kekuatan antibakterinya termasuk kategori sedang, sedangkan ekstrak kulit batang tanaman bangkal tidak menunjukkan ada zona hambat.
ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL OPERASI BENTUK ALJABAR KELAS VIII MTS
Authors: Suspita Baiq Lina , Masjudin Masjudin 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to describe the difficulty of students in solving problems in the form of algebra clas VIII in terms of 3 indicators, namely (1) difficulty understanding concepts (2) difficulty understanding principles (3) difficulty understanding verbal problems. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. This research was conducted at Madrsarah Tsanawiyah Darul Hikmah of West Lombok. Data analysis techniques used are dat reduction, data display, and conclusions distribution. The result of the study stated that (1) students ability to understand concept was in the low category. The difficukty in understanding the concept is not being able to define terms. Coefficients, variables, and constants. (2) the ability of students to understand the principle is in the low category. Difficulty in understanding the principle that students are not able to operate the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of algebraic forms if the variables are similar and not similar. (3) the ability of student to understand verbal problems is in the low category. The difficulty of student in understanding verbal problems is that students are not able to understand the purpose of questions in the form of stories, student do not understand what is asked in the problem. This show that the ability of student in each indicator is categorized as low.
PROFIL KEMAMPUAN SISWA PESERTA OLIMPIADE MATEMATIKA DALAM MENJAWAB SOAL PILIHAN GANDA
Authors: Sanapiah Sanapiah , Kurniawan Ade , Yuntawati Yuntawati 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil kemampuan yang dimiliki oleh para peserta olimpiade matematika tingkat Kabupaten/Kota di Propinsi NTB dalam menjawab soal pilihan ganda. Subjek penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini berjumlah 68 orang yang mewakili 6 Kabupaten/Kota di Propinsi NTB dari ajang kompetisi olimpiade matematika yang terdiri dari 25 orang dari Kota Mataram, 15 orang dari Kabupaten Lombok Barat, 3 orang dari Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, 23 orang dari Kabupaten Lombok Timur, dan 2 orang dari Kabupaten Sumbawa Besar. Dari 68 peserta pendaftar olimpiade matematika ini, diketahui 33 orang laki-laki dan 35 perempuan yang terdiri dari 40 orang dari jenjang SMP dan 28 orang dari jenjang MTs. Soal pilihan ganda yang dianalisis terdiri dari 60 item pertanyaan, jika menjawab benar (B) diberikan skor +2, jika menjawab (S) diberikan skor -1, dan jika tidak menjawab/kosong (K) diberikan skor 0. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan 3 profil kemampuan yang dimiliki siswa peserta olimpiade dalam menjawab soal pilihan ganda yaitu 1) siswa dikatakan memiliki kemampuan tinggi, jika lebih dari 50% dari jumlah soal dapat dijawab dengan benar oleh siswa dibandingkan dengan jawaban salah atau tidak dijawab, 1) siswa dikatakan memiliki kemampuan sedang, jika persentase dari jumlah soal yang dapat dijawab sebanding antara jumlah jawab soal benar dengan jumlah jawaban salah atau tidak dijawab, 3) siswa dikatakan memiliki kemampuan tinggi, jika lebih dari 50% dari jumlah soal dijawab dengan salah oleh siswa dibandingkan dengan jawaban benar atau tidak dijawab.
Identifikasi Kesalahan Mahasiswa Calon Guru Matematika Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Integral
Authors: Yuntawati Yuntawati , Aziz Lalu Abdul , Sanapiah Sanapiah 
Published: January 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesulitan siswa berdasarkan kemampuan pemahaman matematisnya dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita pada materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel(SPLDV). Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sasaran dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas VIII SMP/MTs sederajat sebanyak 10 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan berdasarkan lembar tes kemampuan pemahaman matematis dan wawancara tidak terstruktur. Subjek penelitian yaitu 3 orang siswa dengan hasil tes kemampuan pemahaman matematis terendah. Berdasarkan hasil tes dan wawancara dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat kesulitan pada siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal SPLDV dalam bentuk cerita berdasarkan pada kemampuan pemahaman matematisnya. Hal ini dapat kita lihat dari hasil skor rata-rata nya yaitu sebesar 57% yang termasuk ke dalam kategori kurang. Adapun kesulitan-kesulitan yang di alami siswa yaitu belum memahami apa yang ditanyakan dalam soal, kesulitan mengubah soal cerita ke dalam simbol matematika, siswa masih kurang mampu memisalkan istilah karena masih kesulitan dalam mengklasifikasikan objek yang diketahui dalam soal, kesulitan menerapkan konsep penyelesaian secara algoritma dengan metode yang tepat, dan kesulitan mengaitkan berbagai konsep dalam penyelesaian soal.