bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion‐Based Causality‐Preserving Neural Network for Dementia Recognition
Authors: Mamoon Saqib , Xia Zhengwang , Alfakih Amani , Lu Jianfeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAnalyzing large‐scale functional brain networks for brain disorders often relies on undirected correlations in activation signals between brain regions. While focusing on co‐occurring activations, this approach overlooks the potential for directionality inherent in brain connectivity. Established research indicates the causal nature of brain networks, suggesting that activation patterns co‐occur and potentially influence one another. To this end, we propose a novel dffusion vector auto‐regressive (Diff‐VAR) method, enabling the assessment of whole‐brain effective connectivity (EC) as a directed and weighted network by integrating the search objectives into the deep neural network model as learnable parameters. The EC learned by our method identifies widespread differences in flow of influence within the brain network for individuals with impaired brain function compared to those with normal brain function. Moreover, we introduce an adaptive smoothing mechanism to enhance the stability and reliability of inferred EC. We evaluated the results of our proposed method on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The model's performance is compared with existing correlation‐based and causality‐based methods. The results revealed that the brain networks constructed by our method achieve high classification accuracy and exhibit features consistent with physiological mechanisms. The code is available at https://github.com/SaqibMamoon/Diff‐VAR.
Exchange Rate Volatility and ESG Performance: An International Empirical Analysis
Authors: Al Amosh Hamzeh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examines the impact of exchange rate volatility (ERV) on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance using a large dataset of 15,196 firms from various countries, covering the period from 2012 to 2019. By employing a comprehensive set of statistical tests, including the system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation technique, the research provides robust empirical evidence on how ERV influences different dimensions of ESG performance. The results reveal a significant negative effect of ERV on ESG performance, indicating that greater exchange rate instability adversely impacts firms' sustainability practices across ESG aspects. Companies may have difficulty complying with evolving regulations and stakeholder expectations when faced with volatile exchange rates, negatively impacting their ESG performance. Regulatory responses to exchange rate fluctuations may also create compliance burdens, and the difficulty in securing resources limits their ability to invest in sustainable technologies and practices. From an efficient market hypothesis (EMH) perspective, these findings suggest that ERV introduces additional risks and uncertainties that the market reflects in corporate valuations and performance metrics, thereby affecting ESG outcomes. The study highlights implications for policymakers, investors, and corporate managers, emphasizing the need for strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of ERV on ESG performance. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed, calling for further exploration of the interplay between macroeconomic factors and corporate sustainability initiatives.
Dirichlet Boundary Conditions for FFT‐Based Micromechanics of Bicontinuous Stochastic Microstructures
Authors: Risthaus Lennart , Schneider Matti 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTComputational homogenization may be used to evaluate effective properties of microstructured materials. As digital imaging techniques generally generate microstructure information on a regular grid, a common approach to compute the effective properties of the microstructured materials is to use fast Fourier transform (FFT)‐based methods. Traditionally, this approach involves periodic boundary conditions. However, for certain microstructure types, nonperiodic boundary conditions are of interest. In this work, we show how to efficiently impose Dirichlet boundary conditions for FFT‐based micromechanics on stochastic bicontinuous microstructures in combinations with a linear conjugate gradient (CG) solver. Consequently, we compute the effective properties of bicontinuous stochastic microstructures and compare the results to values reported in the literature computed by a finite element (FE) code.
Social Support, Depression and Anxiety in Cancer Patient‐Relative Dyads in Early Survivorship: An Actor‐Partner Interdependence Modeling Approach
Authors: Hermann Myriel , Goerling Ute , Hearing Charis , Mehnert‐Theuerkauf Anja , Hornemann Beate , Hövel Peter , Reinicke Sabrina , Zingler Hanna , Zimmermann Tanja , Ernst Jochen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveCancer places a psychological burden on both patients and their relatives. Perceived social support influences the extent of psychological distress. Our aim was to investigate associations between positive support, detrimental interactions, depression and anxiety in patient‐relative dyads in the initial period after diagnosis.MethodsPatients with a solid tumor and their relatives participated in this prospective, multicenter observational study. Participants answered validated measures including the Illness‐specific Social Support Scale (SSUK‐8), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) and the General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7). We analyzed cross‐sectional data from the initial time following diagnosis with paired t‐tests and actor‐partner interdependence models.ResultsA total of 347 dyads of patients (mean age 59.9 years) and their relatives (mean age 56.7 years) participated. Compared to their relatives, patients reported significantly higher levels of depression (patients: M = 6.31, SD = 4.94; relatives: M = 5.44, SD = 4.77) and lower levels of anxiety (patients: M = 4.40, SD = 4.10; relatives: M = 4.98, SD = 4.47) as well as more positive support (patients: M = 14.31, SD = 2.07; relatives: M = 12.46, SD = 3.29) and a lower frequency of detrimental interactions (patients: M = 3.21, SD = 2.97; relatives: M = 3.66, SD = 2.93). Intrapersonal effects: Positive support was associated with lower distress only for relatives, whereas detrimental interactions were associated with higher distress for both patients and relatives (all p < 0.05). Interpersonal effects: More positive support and fewer detrimental interactions experienced by relatives were associated with lower patient distress (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsBetter support for relatives may not only reduce their own distress, but also patients' distress. Relatives experience similar levels of distress and poorer social support than patients.
Pro‐197‐Ser mutation combinations in acetolactate synthase (ALS) homoeologous genes affect ALS inhibitor herbicide resistance levels in Monochoria korsakowii
Authors: Wang Jiaxin , Du Ying , Zhang Lulu , Deng Yunyan , Wang Tao , Wang Saiya , Ji Mingshan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMonochoria korsakowii is a common broadleaf weed found in rice (Oryza sativa) fields. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicides are commonly used to control broadleaf weeds in rice fields. However, prolonged herbicide use has exacerbated resistance issues. In this study, we evaluated the resistance to ALS inhibitors in populations where the same mutation occurred separately and simultaneously in the two ALS homoeologous genes (ALS1 and ALS2) and investigated the resistance mechanisms in M. korsakowii.RESULTSMonochoria korsakowii exhibited high resistance to bensulfuron‐methyl, low resistance to penoxsulam, and sensitivity to imazethapyr. Three resistant populations were identified: M‐1 and M‐2, which independently evolved the Pro‐197‐Ser mutation in ALS1 and ALS2, respectively, and M‐3, which harbored this mutation in both ALS1 and ALS2. The sensitivity of ALS isolated from these populations to herbicide inhibition corresponded to the whole‐plant resistance levels. Subsequently, we cloned and transformed Pro‐197‐Ser‐mutated ALS1 and ALS2 into Arabidopsis thaliana. The resistance of homozygous A. thaliana to bensulfuron‐methyl and penoxsulam aligned with bioassay trends. Furthermore, we measured the ploidy, relative expression, and copy number of ALS1 and ALS2, and found no significant differences, suggesting that the evolution of resistance was primarily attributed to the Pro‐197‐Ser mutation. Finally, we developed a derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker for detecting Pro‐197‐Ser mutation in ALS.CONCLUSIONThe same mutation occurring separately in homoeologous genes resulted in similar resistance levels, whereas simultaneous mutations in homoeologous genes led to increased resistance levels. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dynamically Tunable Terahertz Multiple Plasmon‐Induced Transparency and Slow Light in Planar Metamaterials With Rectangular Interrupted Graphene
Authors: Wang Boyun , Wang Xialan , Yan Xiang , Yu Chunchao , Wang Tao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA novel planar monolayer graphene metamaterial structure containing rectangular interrupted graphene is proposed. Dynamically tunable multiple plasmon‐induced transparency (PIT) and slow light are obtained within the terahertz band through destructive interference between continuous dark and interrupted bright modes. Two distinct graphene types function as the optical dark and bright modes, and continuous graphene array is the nonradiative dark mode, whereas interrupted graphene array is the broad linewidth bright mode, respectively. Given the existence of graphene structure in the continuous state, continuous graphene Fermi level is dynamic tuned through the simple use of the bias voltage. Expressions of n‐order coupled mode theory (CMT) are correctly deduced, with CMT fitting theoretical analysis being identical to finite‐difference time‐domain numerical simulation based on dual‐ and triple‐PIT results for n = 3 and n = 4 cases, respectively. The continuous graphene Fermi level increases within 0.7–1.1 eV; the group index of the dual‐PIT system is maintained within 475.1–801.6, while that of the triple‐PIT system is 583.3–886.3. Additionally, the maximal group index is as high as 886.3 at 1.1 eV, indicating that an outstanding slow light device is established. Consequently, these proposed structures and research outcomes can guide the design of multichannel optical filters, excellent slow light devices, and dynamically tunable optical modulators.
Muscle weakness, myositis and scleroderma induced by durvalumab
Authors: Aguado Suquia Josu , Carballosa de Miguel Pilar , Naya Prieto Alba , Lobo Rebollo Maria Jesus , Blázquez Sánchez Teresa , Heili Frades Sarah Béatrice 
Published: December 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have shown a change in the prognosis of multiple malignancies, but a wide range of immune‐related adverse events (irAE) can occur. We present a case of a 72‐year‐old Caucasian male treated with Durvalumab for epidermic lung cancer, who developed a sclerosis‐like syndrome and myositis. The patient was admitted to our hospital with respiratory failure due to muscular weakness and pulmonary hypertension. Differential diagnoses pointed to scleroderma secondary to ICI. We report a rare case of ICI‐induced axonal polyneuropathy, myopathy and RNA polymerase III positive scleroderma. As this therapy is widely recommended, adverse effects may become more frequent. Early identification and treatment are warranted.
Collaborative Hollow Porous Structure Design and N Doping to Achieve a Win–Win Situation of “Stable” and “Fast” Lithium Battery
Authors: Li Kezhuo , Yuan Gaoqian , Zhou Yuqi , Liu Xuefeng , Zhang Haijun , Liu Huiqiang , Xiong Ying , Lei Wen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPolymer‐derived SiOC materials are widely regarded as a new generation of anodes owing to their high specific capacity, low discharge platform, tunable chemical/structural composition, and good structural stability. However, tailoring the structure of SiOC to improve its electrochemical performance while simultaneously achieving elemental doping remains a challenge. Besides, the lithium storage mechanism and the structural evolution process of SiOC are still not fully understood due to its complex structure. In this study, a hollow porous SiOCN (Hp‐SiOCN) featuring abundant oxygen defects is successfully prepared, achieving both the creation of a hollow porous structure and nitrogen element doping in one step, finally enhancing the structural stability and improving the lithium storage kinetics of Hp‐SiOCN. In addition, the formation of a fully reversible structural unit, SiO3C─N, through the chemical interaction between N and Si/C, showcases a strong lithium adsorption capacity. Taking advantage of these combined benefits, the as‐prepared Hp‐SiOCN electrode delivers a reversible specific capacity of 412 mAh g−1 (93% capacity retention) after 500 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 and exhibited only 4% electrode expansion. This work offers valuable mechanistic insights into the synergistic optimization of elemental doping and structural design in SiOC, paving the way for advanced developments in battery technology.
Value of PGT‐A when only one or two blastocysts are obtained: propensity‐score matching and cost‐effectiveness study
Authors: Cimadomo D. , Taggi M. , Cimadomo V. , Innocenti F. , Albricci L. , Colamaria S. , Argento C. , Giuliani M. , Ferrero S. , Borini A. , Guido M. , Campitiello M. R. , Ubaldi F. M. , Capalbo A. , Rienzi L. , Gennarelli G. , Vaiarelli A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness and cost of in‐vitro fertilization (IVF) with or without preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT‐A) when only one or two blastocysts are obtained.MethodsA dataset was gathered from 1829 patients including 368 non‐PGT‐A and 1461 PGT‐A cycles with one or two blastocysts obtained, between April 2013 and July 2022. Patients were matched 1:1 by propensity‐score matching for maternal age, number of metaphase‐II oocytes inseminated and number of blastocysts obtained, achieving a database of 242 patients per group. The non‐PGT‐A and PGT‐A groups were compared for differences in live birth rate (LBR) per embryo transfer (ET), cumulative LBR per patient, miscarriage rate (MR) per clinical pregnancy, number of days between oocyte retrieval and conclusion of the IVF cycle (primary outcome), mean expenses incurred at the clinic and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER).ResultsMore than twice as many ETs were conducted in the non‐PGT‐A group compared with the PGT‐A group, yet the cumulative LBR per patient was similar between groups (23.6% (95% CI, 18.5–29.5%) vs 27.3% (95% CI, 21.9–33.4%)). This outcome was achieved with a higher LBR per ET (16.2% (95% CI, 12.6–20.5%) vs 41.5% (95% CI, 33.9–49.4%)) and lower MR per clinical pregnancy (30.1% (95% CI, 21.8–42.6%) vs 13.9% (95% CI, 7.5–24.0%)) in the PGT‐A group. The MR per patient was also lower in the PGT‐A group (9.5% (95% CI, 6.2–14.1%) vs 4.5% (95% CI, 2.4–8.2%)). The mean duration between oocyte retrieval and IVF cycle conclusion was 131 (95% CI, 113–150) days in the non‐PGT‐A group vs 74 (95% CI, 61–87) days in the PGT‐A group (P < 0.001; power = 99.8%). The ICER of PGT‐A for the months saved between oocyte retrieval and conclusion of the IVF cycle was €499 overall, ranging between €170 and €2065 according to the number of blastocysts obtained and/or maternal age. The ICER of PGT‐A for prevented miscarriages was €18 968, decreasing to €3525 when calculated among patients aged ≥ 35 years with two blastocysts obtained.ConclusionsWhen conducted in expert IVF clinics for patients indicated for the procedure, PGT‐A is clinically valuable even when only one or two blastocysts are obtained. PGT‐A reduces the number of ETs and miscarriages while the cumulative LBR per patient remains unaffected, and allows these outcomes to be achieved in a shorter timeframe. The ICER of PGT‐A vs non PGT‐A decreased as maternal age increased. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Modular Calabi-Yau fourfolds and connections to M-theory fluxes
Authors: Jockers Hans , Kotlewski Sören , Kuusela Pyry 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this work, we study the local zeta functions of Calabi-Yau fourfolds. This is done by developing arithmetic deformation techniques to compute the factor of the zeta function that is attributed to the horizontal four-form cohomology. This, in turn, is sensitive to the complex structure of the fourfold. Focusing mainly on examples of fourfolds with a single complex structure parameter, it is demonstrated that the proposed arithmetic techniques are both applicable and consistent. We present a Calabi-Yau fourfold for which a factor of the horizontal four-form cohomology further splits into two pieces of Hodge type (4, 0) + (2, 2) + (0, 4) and (3, 1) + (1, 3). The latter factor corresponds to a weight-3 modular form, which allows expressing the value of the periods in terms of critical values of the L-function of this modular form, in accordance with Deligne’s conjecture. The arithmetic considerations are related to M-theory Calabi-Yau fourfold compactifications with background four-form fluxes. We classify such background fluxes according to their Hodge type. For those fluxes associated to modular forms, we express their couplings in the low-energy effective action in terms of L-function values.
Urban structures are poor stepping stones for crevice-nesting ants in fragmented landscapes
Authors: Satizabal-Niemeyer D. , Bernadou A. , Wanke C. , Heinze J. , Cordonnier M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite the high fragmentation of its natural habitats—grasslands with limestone rocks—a previous study revealed that the ant species Temnothorax nigriceps show no evidence of genetic isolation between populations separated by kilometers of presumably unsuitable landscape. In the present study, we hypothesized that urban anthropogenic structures might allow the species to nest and maintain efficient gene flow in spite of the ongoing fragmentation. To test this, we surveyed the presence of T. nigriceps in many putatively suitable anthropized habitats—such as stone walls, ornamental devices, or urban park structures—in an urban area near a continuous source of propagules from natural habitats. We found very few occurrences of T. nigriceps in this urban area, suggesting either a low density of nests in such habitats or difficulty in detecting them in anthropized environment. We discuss the importance of surrounding vegetation and water sources for nesting, especially in anthropized environment where temperatures on mineral surfaces can exceed those in the species’ natural habitats. We conclude that T. nigriceps tend to nest in the most natural-like structures, implying that urban habitats provide poor substitute for the species’ native environment.
Ensemble Kalman filter with precision localization
Authors: Gryvill Håkon , Tjelmeland Håkon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe propose a novel localization strategy for the ensemble Kalman filter procedure based on sparse precision matrices, which we denote precision localization. We assume the latent state vector to come from a Gaussian Markov random field and use the iterative proportional scaling algorithm to estimate the associated sparse precision matrix. Precision localization is compared against a standard covariance localization technique in two simulation studies; one with a Gauss-linear model and one based on the Lorenz 96 model. We evaluate the results by their prediction accuracy and to what degree the generated ensembles give a realistic representation of the exact filtering distributions. In the Gauss-linear example we also compare our results with the Kalman filter solution. Here we see that both precision and covariance localization produce reasonably good results in terms of prediction accuracy, but that precision localization provides the best representation of the correlation structure in the filtering distribution. For the Lorenz model we cannot compare with the Kalman filter solution, but precision localization seems to provide the most accurate predictions and the most realistic uncertainty representation.
Extending higher-order model for non-conservative perturbing forces acting on Galileo satellites during eclipse periods
Authors: Chen Xinghan , Ge Maorong , Männel Benjamin , Hugentobler Urs , Schuh Harald 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFor precise orbit determination (POD) and precise applications with POD products, one of the critical issues is the modeling of non-conservative forces acting on satellites. Since the official publication of Galileo satellite metadata in 2017, analytical models including the box-wing model and thermal thrust models have been established to absorb a substantial amount of solar radiation pressure (SRP) and thermal thrust. These models serve as the foundation for the best overall modeling approach, combining the analytical box-wing model and thermal thrust model with parameterization of the remaining non-conservative perturbing forces using various optimized Empirical CODE Orbit Models (ECOMs) of the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE). Firstly, we have demonstrated the significance of the second-order signals in the D direction and the first-order signals in the B direction through spectral analyses of the pure box-wing model, which are consistent with the currently recommended 7-parameter Empirical CODE Orbit Model 2 (ECOM2). In spite of this, we still found that degradation in orbit accuracy frequently occurs during deep eclipse seasons when using the ECOM2 model. We confirm a high-frequency signal existing in the fluctuating orbit overlap differences through the spectral analysis. Considering this, the ECOM2 force model should be extended to higher order and adapted to absorb the remaining effects of potential perturbing forces. After extending the ECOM2 force model to the sixth order in the Sun direction, we demonstrated the significance of fourth- and sixth-order sine terms for deep eclipses. Due to the higher-order periodic terms, the averaged RMS values of orbit overlap difference over deep eclipses can be reduced from 5.3, 10.8, and 23.8 cm to 3.2, 3.9, and 9.9 cm for in-orbit validation (IOV) satellites, from 5.0, 8.6, and 17.7 cm to 3.0, 3.0, and 7.1 cm for the first generation of full operational capability (FOC-1) satellites, and from 5.4, 8.6, and 19.0 cm to 3.6, 3.6, and 7.4 cm for the second generation of FOC (FOC-2) satellites, in the radial, cross-track, and along-track directions, respectively. Fluctuations with a peak amplitude of approximately 0.4 nm/s2 in the bias in the solar panel axis (Y) direction (Y-bias) are effectively mitigated by the higher-order terms. Due to the higher-order terms, the vertical positioning errors during kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) convergence can be improved from 42.3 to 37.1 cm at the 95.5% confidence level. Meanwhile, a low correlation level of up to 0.02 is found between the newly introduced higher-order parameters and earth rotation parameters (ERPs).