bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation – XVIII. The high-redshift evolution of black holes and their host galaxies
Authors: Marshall Madeline A , Mutch Simon J , Qin Yuxiang , Poole Gregory B , Wyithe J Stuart B 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Correlations between black holes and their host galaxies provide insight into what drives black hole–host co-evolution. We use the Meraxes semi-analytic model to investigate the growth of black holes and their host galaxies from high redshift to the present day. Our modelling finds no significant evolution in the black hole–bulge and black hole–total stellar mass relations out to a redshift of 8. The black hole–total stellar mass relation has similar but slightly larger scatter than the black hole–bulge relation, with the scatter in both decreasing with increasing redshift. In our modelling, the growth of galaxies, bulges, and black holes are all tightly related, even at the highest redshifts. We find that black hole growth is dominated by instability-driven or secular quasar-mode growth and not by merger-driven growth at all redshifts. Our model also predicts that disc-dominated galaxies lie on the black hole–total stellar mass relation, but lie offset from the black hole–bulge mass relation, in agreement with recent observations and hydrodynamical simulations.
Long-term mortality risk associated with citric acid- and acetic acid-based bicarbonate haemodialysis: a historical cohort propensity score-matched study in a large, multicentre, population-based study
Authors: Neri Luca , Bellocchio Francesco , Kircelli Fatih , Jirka Tomas , Levannier Martial , Guillaume Jean , Attaf David , Barbieri Carlo , Garbelli Mario , Stuard Stefano , Canaud Bernard , Chazot Charles 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCitric acid-based bicarbonate dialysate (CiD) is increasingly used in haemodialysis (HD) to improve haemodynamic tolerance and haemocompatibility associated with acetic acid-based bicarbonate dialysate. Safety concerns over CiD have been raised recently after a French ecological study reported higher mortality hazard in HD clinics with high CiD consumption. Therefore, we evaluated the mortality risk associated with various acidifiers (AcD, CiD) of bicarbonate dialysate.MethodsIn this multicentre, historical cohort study, we included adult incident HD patients (European, Middle-East and Africa Fresenius Medical Care network; 1 January 2014 to 31 October 2018). We recorded acidifiers of bicarbonate dialysis and dialysate composition for each dialysis session. In the primary intention-to-treat analysis, patients were assigned to the exposed group if they received CiD in &gt;70% of sessions during the first 3 months (CiD70%), whereas the non-exposed group received no CiD at all. In the secondary analysis, exposure was assessed on a monthly basis for the whole duration of the follow-up.ResultsWe enrolled 10 121 incident patients during the study period. Of them, 371 met the criteria for inclusion in CiD70%. After propensity score matching, mortality was 11.43 [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.86–14.75] and 12.04 (95% CI 9.44–15.35) deaths/100 person-years in the CiD0% and CiD70% groups, respectively (P = 0.80). A similar association trend was observed in the secondary analysis.ConclusionsWe did not observe evidence of increased mortality among patients exposed to CiD in a large European cohort of dialysis patients despite the fact that physicians were more inclined to prescribe CiD to subjects with worse medical conditions.
Expression of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and its receptor in the synovium of osteoarthritis patients is negatively correlated with pain
Authors: van Helvoort Eefje M , Eijkelkamp Niels , Lafeber Floris P J G , Mastbergen Simon C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The crosstalk between the immune and nervous system in the regulation of OA pain is increasingly becoming evident. GM-CSF signals in both systems and might be a new treatment target to control OA pain. Anti GM-CSF treatment has analgesic effects in OA without affecting synovitis scores, suggesting that treatment effects are not caused by local anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to evaluate whether expression of GM-CSF and its receptor GM-CSFrα in synovial tissue is linked to synovial inflammation and/or knee pain in knee OA patients.

Methods
Cartilage and synovial tissue of knee OA patients (n = 20) was collected during total knee replacement. Cartilage damage was evaluated by histology and ex vivo matrix proteoglycan turnover. Synovial inflammation was evaluated by histology and ex vivo synovial production of TNF-α, (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO). Numbers of synovial tissue cells expressing GM-CSF or GM-CSFrα were determined by immunohistochemistry. Pain was evaluated using WOMAC questionnaire and visual analogue scale (VAS) knee pain.

Results
Collected cartilage and synovial tissue had a typical OA phenotype with enhanced cartilage damage and synovial inflammation. GM-CSF and GM-CSFrα expressing cells in the synovial sublining correlated negatively with knee pain. Cartilage damage and synovial inflammation did not correlate with knee pain.

Conclusion
Unanticipated, the negative correlation between synovial tissue cells expressing GM-CSF(r) and OA knee pain suggests that local presence of these molecules does not promote pain, and that the role of GM-CSFr in OA pain is unrelated to local inflammation.

Trial registration
ToetsingOnline.nl NL18274.101.07.
Safety, Feasibility, and Effectiveness of Weighted Blankets in the Care of Infants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Summe Virginia , Baker Rachel B. , Eichel Margaret M. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Nurses are caring for increasing numbers of infants diagnosed with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). The recommended initial line of treatment to alleviate NAS symptoms includes nonpharmacologic interventions; however, there is little rigorous evidence on the effectiveness of nonpharmacologic interventions.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of weighted blankets in the care of NAS infants.

Methods:
This pilot study was a crossover randomized nonblinded controlled trial conducted at a level III neonatal intensive care unit. Infants' care included 30-minute sessions utilizing either a nonweighted or weighted blanket, with infants serving as their own controls.

Results:
A total of 16 patients were enrolled for a total of 67 weighted blanket sessions. To address safety, no adverse events were observed, the weighted blankets were never removed due to infant distress, and infants experienced no significant temperature change. To address feasibility, 94% of approached mothers were receptive to the use of weighted blankets and staff reported no obstacles to using the blanket. Finally, to assess effectiveness, there was a significant decrease in the infant's heart rate and Finnegan score when a weighted blanket was used. There was no significant change in respiratory rate with the use of a weighted blanket.

Implications for Practice:
Weighted blankets may be safe, feasible, and effective in decreasing NAS symptoms.

Implications for Research:
Larger studies are needed to thoroughly study the use of weighted blankets in this population and examine additional outcomes, such as need for pharmacologic intervention, length of hospital stay, and cost of hospital stay.
Comprehensive analysis of biomarkers for prostate cancer based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis
Authors: Chen Xuan , Wang Jingyao , Peng Xiqi , Liu Kaihao , Zhang Chunduo , Zeng Xingzhen , Lai Yongqing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background:
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. In the present research, we adopted a comprehensive bioinformatics method to identify some biomarkers associated with the tumor progression and prognosis of PCa.

Methods:
Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were applied for exploring gene modules correlative with tumor progression and prognosis of PCa. Clinically Significant Modules were distinguished, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used to Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were used in selecting potential hub genes. RNA-Seq data and clinical materials of prostate cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used for the identification and validation of hub genes. The significance of these genes was confirmed via survival analysis and immunohistochemistry.

Results:
2688 DEGs were filtered. Weighted gene co-expression network was constructed, and DEGs were divided into 6 modules. Two modules were selected as hub modules which were highly associated with the tumor grades. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on genes in hub modules. Thirteen hub genes in these hub modules were identified through PPT networks. Based on TCGA data, 4 of them (CCNB1, TTK, CNN1, and ACTG2) were correlated with prognosis. The protein levels of CCNB1, TTK, and ACTG2 had a degree of differences between tumor tissues and normal tissues.

Conclusion:
Four hub genes were identified as candidate biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for further studies of exploring molecular mechanisms and individual therapy on PCa.
Exploring the Perceived Self-management Needs of Young Adults With Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Michalovic Alisha , Anderson Charlotte , Thorstad Kelly , Rauch Frank , Tsimicalis Argerie 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
To explore the perceived self-management needs of young adults with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) with the goal of optimizing the self-management and transitional care services.

Methods
A qualitative descriptive study was performed with young adults diagnosed with OI. Two semistructured interviews were conducted before and after their first appointment with a nurse practitioner in the adult healthcare settings (a new partnership initiated by the pediatric hospital). Data were transcribed and descriptively analyzed.

Results
Seven participants with OI types I, III, and IV were interviewed. Ages ranged from 23 to 34 years, and years since discharge from the pediatric hospital ranged from 3 to 10. Four themes emerged including (1) dropped in the jungle, with no one to call; (2) they do not know how to treat me; (3) I feel like I'm going to get back in the loop; and (4) self-managing what I know, how I know.

Conclusions
Similar to other childhood-onset conditions, adolescents and young adults with OI require education and mentorship, and clinicians in the adult healthcare system need to be prepared and supported to receive them. Collective efforts are needed to improve the self-management and transitional care needs for young adults with OI.
Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 recovered patient cohort and their implications
Authors: Wu Fan , Wang Aojie , Liu Mei , Wang Qimin , Chen Jun , Xia Shuai , Ling Yun , Zhang Yuling , Xun Jingna , Lu Lu , Jiang Shibo , Lu Hongzhou , Wen Yumei , Huang Jinghe 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus threatens global public health. Currently, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) versus this virus are expected to correlate with recovery and protection of this disease. However, the characteristics of these antibodies have not been well studied in association with the clinical manifestations in patients.MethodsPlasma collected from 175 COVID-19 recovered patients with mild symptoms were screened using a safe and sensitive pseudotyped-lentiviral-vector-based neutralization assay. Spike-binding antibody in plasma were determined by ELISA using RBD, S1, and S2 proteins of SARS-CoV-2. The levels and the time course of SARS-CoV-2-specific NAbs and the spike-binding antibodies were monitored at the same time.FindingsSARS-CoV-2 NAbs were unable to cross-reactive with SARS-CoV virus. SARS-CoV-2-specific NAbs were detected in patients from day 10-15 after the onset of the disease and remained thereafter. The titers of NAb among these patients correlated with the spike-binding antibodies targeting S1, RBD, and S2 regions. The titers of NAbs were variable in different patients. Elderly and middle-age patients had significantly higher plasma NAb titers (P<0.0001) and spike-binding antibodies (P=0.0003) than young patients. Notably, among these patients, there were ten patients whose NAb titers were under the detectable level of our assay (ID50: < 40); while in contrast, two patients, showed very high titers of NAb, with ID50 :15989 and 21567 respectively. The NAb titers were positive correlated with plasma CRP levels but negative correlated with the lymphocyte counts of patients at the time of admission, indicating an association between humoral response and cellular immune response.InterpretationThe variations of SARS-CoV-2 specific NAbs in recovered COVID-19 patients may raise the concern about the role of NAbs on disease progression. The correlation of NAb titers with age, lymphocyte counts, and blood CRP levels suggested that the interplay between virus and host immune response in coronavirus infections should be further explored for the development of effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Furthermore, titration of NAb is helpful prior to the use of convalescent plasma for prevention or treatment.FundingMinistry of Science and Technology of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Leveraging mRNAs sequences to express SARS-CoV-2 antigens in vivo
Authors: Zeng Chunxi , Hou Xucheng , Yan Jingyue , Zhang Chengxiang , Li Wenqing , Zhao Weiyu , Du Shi , Dong Yizhou 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 has rapidly become a pandemic worldwide; therefore, an effective vaccine is urgently needed. Recently, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have emerged as a promising platform for vaccination. Here, we systematically investigated the untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs in order to enhance protein production. Through a comprehensive analysis of endogenous gene expression and de novo design of UTRs, we identified the optimal combination of 5’ and 3’ UTR, termed as NASAR, which was five to ten-fold more efficient than the tested endogenous UTRs. More importantly, NASAR mRNAs delivered by lipid-derived nanoparticles showed dramatic expression of potential SARS-CoV-2 antigens both in vitro and in vivo. These NASAR mRNAs merit further development as alternative SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Reliability of self-sampling for accurate assessment of respiratory virus viral and immunologic kinetics
Authors: Waghmare Alpana , Krantz Elizabeth M. , Baral Subhasish , Vasquez Emma , Loeffelholz Tillie , Chung E. Lisa , Pandey Urvashi , Kuypers Jane , Duke Elizabeth R , Jerome Keith R. , Greninger Alexander L. , Reeves Daniel B. , Hladik Florian , Cardozo-Ojeda E. Fabian , Boeckh Michael , Schiffer Joshua T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic demonstrates the need for accurate and convenient approaches to diagnose and therapeutically monitor respiratory viral infections. We demonstrated that self-sampling with foam swabs is well-tolerated and provides quantitative viral output concordant with flocked swabs. Using longitudinal home-based self-sampling, we demonstrate nasal cytokine levels correlate and cluster according to immune cell of origin. Periods of stable viral loads are followed by rapid elimination, which could be coupled with cytokine expansion and contraction using mathematical models. Nasal foam swab self-sampling at home provides a precise, mechanistic readout of respiratory virus shedding and local immune responses.
Design and performance analysis of novel multiphase induction motor with die-cast copper rotors using FEA for electric propulsion vehicles applications
Authors: Kaliyavarathan Sathishkumar , T.S. Sivakumaran 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the development of novel multiphase induction motor (MPIM) with copper die cast rotor in the drive system of electric propulsion vehicles (EPV). It is estimated that the manufacturers are concerned about high torque,Efficiency, motor life, energy conservation and high thermal tolerance. To ensure maximum torque and efficiency with multiphase winding and copper die cast technology to increasing high thermal tolerance, life, energy conversations. On other hand, it is very important of EPV application.

Design/methodology/approach
The focus of the investigation is threefold: the modified method carried out on MPIM both stator and rotor can overcome the current scenario problem facing by electric vehicles manufacture and developed perfect suitable electric motor for EPV applications. The design and simulation carried out finite element method (FEM) that was more accurate calculations. Finally developed prototype model of MPIM with copper die cast are discussed with conventional three phase Die casting Induction motor.

Findings
The paper confirmed the multiphase copper die-cast rotor induction motor (MDCrIM) is providing better performance than conventional motor. Proposed motor can bring additional advantage like heat tolerances, long life and energy conversations.

Originality/value
The experiments confirmed the MDCIM suitable for EPV Applications. The modified MDCIM of both stator and rotor are giving better result and good performance compared to conventional method.
Checks and balances? Leadership configurations and governance practices of NGOs in Chile
Authors: Diaz Daniel A. , Rees Christopher J. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe emergence of Governance practices in the non-governmental organisation (NGO) sector has become associated with increasingly high levels of organisational complexity. In the light of an expanding civil society sector in Chile and the emergence of formalised governance practices, this paper explores the construction of the Executive Director role in Chilean NGOs with reference to organisational functions, organisational dynamics, and external influences.Design/methodology/approachGrounded theory is used to explore qualitative data derived from a set of N = 39 interviews conducted in Chile These interviews involve NGO founders, funders, Executive Directors, scholars, consultants, and team members.FindingsThe findings reveal the pivotal role played by Executive Directors in conducting organisational activities which, in other types of organisations, are often distributed across various organisational functions. The data also highlight complex dynamics involving overt compliance with external regulatory requirements, uncertainties about financial sustainability, the recruitment of Executive Board members, the exercise of power by Executive Directors, and the influence of founders in leadership configurations.Research limitations/implicationsThe implications of the study are discussed in relation to the governance and accountability of NGOs, the nature of the Executive Director role, the purpose of Executive Boards in the NGO sector, and the recruitment and training of Board members. It is noted that the study was conducted in the NGO sector in Chile; further research is necessary to establish the generalisability of the findings to other contexts.Originality/valueThis paper addresses the shortage of organisational research on NGOs. It contributes by offering analytical perspectives on organisational processes of Leadership and Governance. This paper highlights the relationship between, and interdependency of, those processes.
Opportunistic bacteria use quorum sensing to disturb coral symbiotic communities and mediate the occurrence of coral bleaching
Authors: Zhou Jin , Lin Zi‐Jun , Cai Zhong‐Hua , Zeng Yan‐Hua , Zhu Jian‐Ming , Du Xiao‐Peng 
Published: April 2020

SummaryCoral associated microorganisms, especially some opportunistic pathogens can utilize quorum‐sensing (QS) signals to affect population structure and host health. However, direct evidence about the link between coral bleaching and dysbiotic microbiomes under QS regulation was lacking. Here, using 11 opportunistic bacteria and their QS products (AHLs, acyl‐homoserine‐lactones), we exposed Pocillopora damicornis to three different treatments: test groups (A and B: mixture of AHLs‐producing bacteria and cocktail of AHLs signals respectively); control groups (C and D: group A and B with furanone added respectively); and a blank control (group E: only seawater) for 21 days. The results showed that remarkable bleaching phenomenon was observed in groups A and B. The operational taxonomic units‐sequencing analysis shown that the bacterial network interactions and communities composition were significantly changed, becoming especially enhanced in the relative abundances of Vibrio, Edwardsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Aeromonas. Interestingly, the control groups (C and D) were found to have a limited influence upon host microbial composition and reduced bleaching susceptibility of P. damicornis. These results indicate bleaching's initiation and progression may be caused by opportunistic bacteria of resident microbes in a process under regulation by AHLs. These findings add a new dimension to our understanding of the complexity of bleaching mechanisms from a chemoecological perspective.
Shaping ability of XP‐endo Shaper and ProTaper Next in long oval‐shaped canals: a micro‐computed tomography study
Authors: Velozo C. , Silva S. , Almeida A. , Romeiro K. , Vieira B. , Dantas H. , Sousa F. , De Albuquerque D. S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the shaping ability of the single‐file XP‐endo Shaper system (XP‐S; FKG Dentaire, La Chaux‐de‐Fonds, Switzerland) employing a different working time and of the multiple‐file ProTaper Next system (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) technology.MethodologyTwenty long oval‐shaped canals in mandibular incisors were matched anatomically and scanned by micro‐CT (Skyscan 1172; Bruker micro‐CT, Kontich, Belgium). The canals were divided into two groups (n = 10) according to the canal preparation protocol: XP‐endo Shaper (XP‐S) with an extra 45 s of instrumentation and ProTaper Next (PTN X4). The images recorded before and after preparation were evaluated for morphometric measures of volume, surface area, structure model index and untouched walls. The data were compared statistically (Student's t‐test for homogenous variances and Mann–Whitney test) between the two groups (XP‐S and PTN X4) at α = 5%.ResultsRoot canal preparation significantly increased all parameters (volume, surface area, structure model index and untouched walls) tested in each group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the percentage increase of volume (107.50%–93.13%), surface area (27.74%–29.68%) or untouched canal wall (13.08%–11.74%) between XP‐S and PTN X4, respectively.ConclusionsThe XP‐endo Shaper system (single‐file) with an extra 45 s of instrumentation and the ProTaper Next system (multiple files) had a similar root canal shaping ability. Neither technique was able to fully prepare the long oval‐shaped canals of mandibular incisors.