bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causes of sleep disorders in patients treated in the Intensive Care Unit and strategies to minimize them
Authors: Lewandowska Katarzyna , Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska Wioletta , Kwiecień-Jaguś Katarzyna , Czyż-Szypenbejl Katarzyna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction: Sleep plays an important part in human wellbeing. Sleep deprivation has serious deleterious effects on any subject of life. The most obvious and well documented adverse consequences are focused on the immune system, cardiopulmonary function and cognitive function. Sleep in critical ill patients is characterized by frequent disruptions and poor quality along with a reduction in the depth and restorative stages. In critical ill patients the prevalence of sleep disturbance has been shown to be more than 50%. Sleep disturbances seems to be due to environmental factors related to the intensive care unit (ICU) itself (light, noise level) patient’s condition and medical treatment.The aim of the presented study was to present the cause of sleep disorders in patients treated in the intensive care unit and to present activities that would improve the sleep quality of patients.Material and methods: The work is of an illustrative nature. For the needs of the work, the Polish and English-language literature available in medical databases over the last 15 years has been analyzed.Results: Analysis of the collected literature has shown that pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of patients in the intensive care unit can potentially affect sleep disorders. Respiratotherapy is one of the main factors disturbing ICU sleep. Factors such as noise and care activities have been classically recognized as the main causes of sleep disorder in critically ill patients.Conclusions: Nursing staff who have constant contact with the patient plays a key role in minimizing factors that disrupt the patient’s sleep. Therefore, it is important to raise the awareness of nursing staff about possible activities that can minimize sleep disorders.
Rationality in the context of emotional brain concept
Authors: Dyk Wiesław 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Emotions are integral part of living entities, to primates and human in particular. In M. Tulli Ciceronis “Disputationum Libri Quinque”, Third Book there is a fragment about the condition of spirit (adefectus, now: affectus). In this dialogue following statement is being forwarded: “quails autem homo adfectus esset, talem eius esse orationem”. Even that from the text does not arise directly that is refers to emotions as sensibilis in the title of my article I use homo affectus as a term to describe a human. In his research neurobiologist Joseph LeDoux is clearly pointing out that the origination of emotion occurs independently to rationality. However in human brain as he claims emotions and thoughts combine together giving a foundation for human spirituality creation.
In search for what could be a foundation for contemporary man spiritual condition I would define it with LeDoux’s emotional the brain. The title and analysis carried out seems to indicate a difference between the primates and human. Neocrtex evolution in brain offers great hopes for spiritual development of human kind. In this development emotions (feelings) cannot be discarded), because they are a vital part of the evolutionary process of homo spiritual or in creativity aspect – homo creator (in intellectual aspect homo sapiens is expected to become homo sapientissimus). It seems that attributing human with the status of Homo Sapiens on this stage of evolution is a hopeful wish and according to neurobiological research, it is a huge leap into the future.
Rare cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding. A case of metastatic melanoma
Authors: Dąbkowski Krzysztof , Michalska Karolina , Rusiniak-Rossińska Natalia , Białek Andrzej , Kołaczyk Katarzyna , Graca-Pakulska Katarzyna , Starzyńska Teresa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The case of a 76-year-old patient, with a history of melanoma, admitted to the department of gastroenterology with symptoms of hypovolemic shock, caused by massive gastrointestinal bleeding. Clot-covered melanoma metastases were detected in both gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy. Gastrointestinal melanoma metastases are found in the majority of patients with advanced melanoma during autopsy; however, they are rarely detected in intravital studies and can be misdiagnosed as other benign lesions in endoscopy. In cases of patients with history of melanoma, metastases should be considered as the cause of non-specific abdominal symptoms, anemia, or bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract.
Posture and physical activity in dialysis patients
Authors: Szałowska-Bojarun Magdalena , Gawlikowska-Sroka Aleksandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA review of the literature concerning posture and physical activity among dialysis patients was performed in order to determine strategies for improving physical activity and thus quality of life in this group of patients.Correct posture ensures harmonious functioning of the body with optimal efficiency. A sedentary lifestyle has a negative effect on posture and reduces a person’s physical fitness. Haemodialysis forces patients to sit or lie down for long periods of time, while the consequences of chronic disease additionally predispose them to a sedentary lifestyle. Patients with chronic kidney disease treated by dialysis are particularly likely to exhibit sedentary behaviour, and thus are less physically active. The physical fitness of dialysis patients deteriorates due to kidney disease, but also because of concomitant diseases. It is very important to educate patients about the positive effects of physical activity, as well as to promote exercise as a necessary element of treatment for improving their quality of life.
Immunotherapy in head and neck cancer
Authors: Sikora Mateusz , Becht Rafał 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Immunotherapy is a method for the systemic treatment of malignant neoplasms. It is based on the abolition of the immunosuppressive effect of cancer cells and is meant to mobilize the host’s immune system to actively combat with the disease. The group of cancers which are closely connected with the immune system includes: melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), renal cancer, colon cancer, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Currently, cancer immunotherapy involves treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, therapeutic cancer vaccines, oncolytic virotherapy, and monoclonal antibodies. In the case of HNSCC, the most frequently used method is treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. An example of an immunological checkpoint is programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), which may be activated in the process of carcinogenesis to repeal immune surveillance, favouring the development of neoplasm. The function of immune checkpoint inhibitors is based on abolition of the immunosuppressive influence of cancerous cells. Clinical trials show the positive effects of treating HNSCC with immunotherapy in certain patients. In comparison to standard systemic treatment with chemotherapy, immunotherapy rarely causes treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Greater survival and treatment response are factors which encourage the further development of immuno-oncology. In this article, we present a review of literature concerning the use of immunotherapy in the treatment of HNSCC.
Analysis of selected factors affecting the life situation of persons with moderate intellectual disability
Authors: Radlińska Iwona , Karakiewicz Beata , Kolwitz Marcin , Kemicer-Chmielewska Ewa , Flaga-Gieruszyńska Kinga 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this work was to assess the situation of people with moderate intellectual disability (MID), considering the legal, political, economic, social and technological determinants (PEST factors).

Materials and methods: This work consisted of an in-depth legal analysis based on the Community Action Board (CAB) model, which is a part of the Rapid Policy Assessment and Response (RPAR) methodology. Having analyzed the PEST factors, as part of the analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT), the CAB identified the strengths and weaknesses of the situations of persons with MID.

Results: The following deficiencies were identified in the provisioning of legal and political assistance to persons with MID: disability definitions were incompatible with international law, lack of legal provisions comprehensively regulating the situation of persons with intellectual disability (ID), two-instance disability evaluation system, lack of sufficient coordination of state bodies, lack of supervision over decisions on the need for special education, poor employment opportunities after completing education. Optimal conditions for education in a special school have a positive impact on the situation of persons with MID, but their lack in a public school setting proves to have adverse effects. The most important forms of support include: places of daily stay, sheltered employment, supported employment on the open labor market, protected flats, support from an assistant.

Conclusions: 1. The deficiencies in legal and political regulations in Poland make it difficult or impossible for persons with MID to receive adequate assistance. 2. Investing in special schools and ensuring their formal cooperation with public schools offers adequate education to persons with MID. 3. Poor access to special forms of support for people with MID causes their social exclusion.
The specificity of work at the Emergency Medical Services and the psychological support of medical rescuers
Authors: Wójcik Grzegorz , Kaczmarek Izabela , Zdziarski Krzysztof , Jakubowski Konrad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Professional work is an extremely important aspect of the life of an adult. Probably we all want to be satisfied with this, and not just financially. It can be a source of positive experiences, but also a huge negative burden. It often generates and provides us with many adverse reactions, strains or stresses. The aim of the study was to determine the current status of psychological support to Medical Rescue Teams, and the opinions of medical rescuers on the need for psychological help in their work.

Materials and methods: A questionnaire was addressed to medical rescuers across the country; 115 respondents participated in the study. It was conducted in April 2016. A statistical analysis of results was performed using the statistical package PQStat ver. 1.6. Analyses of dependences were carried out with χ2 tests. Significance was considered at p < 0.05, and highly significant was taken at p < 0.01.

Results: Almost 90% of respondents had never taken part in a psychological workshop. About 80% of medical rescuers had never participated in training courses on the techniques of relieving tension. In the workplaces of 98 (85.2%) of the medical rescuers, there had never been any group meetings held in which stress was relieved via conversation. Sometimes such meetings were held in the workplaces of 17 (14.8%) of the medical rescuers. More than the half of respondents, 72 (62.6%) people, believe that such meetings are definitely needed and could be effective.

Conclusions: 1. The current level of psychological support for Medical Rescue Teams is negligible. Only in a few workplaces it is offered to the medical rescuers. The majority of the study group were not provided access to a psychologist. 2. Medical rescuers believe that the profession requires working with a psychologist, and this cooperation should be ensured by the employer. 3. In 85.2% of cases there were no conversational meetings after difficult actions, with analysis and relieving of emotional tensions. If such meetings were held, almost 90% of respondents would participate. 4. The current ways of reducing stress for medical rescuers are not always safe for their health and can lead to addictions. A possible cause is non-attendance by the majority in workshops on the techniques of relieving tension and psychological training.
The use of visual risk communication and its significance for risk understanding and health literacy in out-clinic settings – a literature review
Authors: Jensen Louise Drejer , Nielsen Jesper Bo , Jensen Anders Elkær 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Patients frequently experience difficulties understanding communicated risks. The aim of this study was through a literature review to analyze if the use of visual risk communication tools improve risk understanding among patients in outpatient settings or general practice, and if one tool appears more useful than others. Method The electronic databases PubMed and PsycINFO were systematically searched. Relevant references were used for chain search to make sure all relevant literature was included. Results The main search revealed 1,157 titles. There were 13 eligible studies concerning visual risk communication in outpatient clinical settings. The design, quality and main findings of the studies were heterogeneous. However, most of the analysed studies found a significant positive effect of graphical, interactive and dynamic visual aids on risk communication. Conclusion There is currently not enough evidence to endorse one graphical format above others. Personalising the graph format to the type of risk information presented may facilitate a better understanding of risk and contribute to improve health and cost-efficacy.
Diagnosis and treatment of metastatic alveolar echinococcosis in the brain of a Tibetan patient : A case report
Authors: Du Chaonan , Zhang Qiang , Yang Mingfei , Han Xiumin , Sun Yanqiu , Ju Zhanying , Wei Xiaoxing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: A case of primary alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in the liver with kidney and brain metastases was treated at our hospital. The analysis of this case might provide suggestions for the diagnosis and treatment of other cases of AE in the brain. Methods : To determine the disease status of AE in the liver and brain in this patient, computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed before surgery. Additionally, the serum of the patient was analyzed using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies against echinococcus. The left pterional approach was selected for head surgery. Along the edema zone around the lesion, complete excision was performed encompassing an area of about 5 mm surrounding the lesion. After surgery, pathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the lesion were performed, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted for molecular identification. This patient was followed up regularly post-discharge to evaluate the outcome. Results: Anti-echinococcus antibodies were strongly positive in the patient’s serum, and the eosinophil ratio was 20%. The head MRI showed a single lesion in the left temporal lobe. Multiple nodular and small cystic long T 1 short T 2 signals were seen in the lesions. An enhanced scan indicated multiple ring-enhancements, the boundary was unclear, and the size of lesion was 3.2 mm×1.8 mm. Neurological symptoms improved after the surgery. The result of histopathological examination was consistent with the characteristics of AE. Immunohistochemistry showed that the peripheral glial cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the Ki-67 index was <3%. DNA analysis identified the parasite as the Asian strain of Echinococcus multilocularis, and the sequence identity with the reference strain was practically 100.00%. Conclusion: Surgery is still the first choice of treatment for single, superficial AE lesions, and those located in nonfunctional areas of the brain. It is suggested that early radical treatment and standard drug treatment of primary hepatic AE are important steps to avoid secondary encephalic AE. Patients need to take albendazole for a long time after the operation, and should be followed-up regularly.
Is conservative treatment really the best option for all thoracolumbar injury patients with a thoracolumbar injury classification and severity scale score&lt;4?
Authors: Xu Yang , Zeng Zhiyuan , Ye Fubiao , Lin Feiyue , Xu Chuncai , Huang Jianghu , Lin Xi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives: The conservative treatment recommendation for patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures with a TLICS score<4 has always been controversial. This retrospective review was conducted to investigate the reliability and validity of thoracolumbar injury classification and severity scale(TLICS) recommendations for thoracolumbar burst fracture patients with a score<4. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted from Jan. 2010 through Jun. 2018 for patients with thoracolumbar fractures in a single local institute; patients with a TLICS score <4 were enrolled and grouped according to the therapeutic strategy (surgical or nonsurgical). Imaging and clinical data were collected and compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: In total, 119 patients were enrolled (75 in the nonsurgical group and 44 in the surgical group). There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to both the VAS and ODI values ( p =0.91 and 0.79, respectively) at the last follow-up. Importantly, despite no improvements in the local sagittal angle (LSA, α) of the spine( p =0.09),a worsened regional sagittal angle (RSA, β) ( p =0.03)was observed in the nonsurgical group, while significant improvements in the LSA and RAS were both observed in the surgical group( p <0.01). Conclusions: There were no clinical quantifiable benefits (VAS pain and ODI scores) between nonsurgical and surgical patients with comminuted thoracolumbar fractures (TLICS score<4). However, this type of patient deserves a very careful preoperative evaluation if a nonoperative decision is made; a close follow-up is mandatory due to the high likelihood of long-term kyphotic deformities.
Blood amyloid β oligomerization as a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease: a blinded validation study
Authors: Youn Young Chul , Lee Byoung Sub , Kim Gwang Je , Ryu Ji Sun , Lim Kuntaek , Lee Ryan , Suh Jeewon , Park Young Ho , Pyun Jung-Min , Ryu Nayoung , Kang Min Ju , Kim Hye Ryoun , Kang Sungmin , An Seong Soo A. , Kim SangYun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Oligomeric amyloid ß (Aß) is one of the major contributors to the pathomechanism of AD; Aß oligomerization in plasma can be measured using a Multimer Detection System-Oligomeric Aß (MDS-OAß) after incubation with spiked synthetic Aß.

METHODS: We evaluated the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the MDS-OAß values by inBlood TM OAß test using heparin-treated plasma samples from 52 AD patients in comparison with 52 community-based subjects with normal cognition (NC). The inclusion criterion was proposed by the NINCDS-ADRDA and additionally required for the least 6 months of follow-up from the initial clinical diagnosis in the course of AD.

RESULTS: The MDS-OAβ values were 1.43 ± 0.30 ng/ml in AD and 0.45 ± 0.19 ( p <0.001) in NC, respectively. Using a cut-off value of 0.78 ng/ml, the results revealed that 100% sensitivity 92.31% specificity.

DISCUSSION: MDS-OAß to measure plasma Aβ oligomerization is a valuable blood-based biomarker for clinical diagnosis of AD, with high sensitivity and specificity.
Short Neck, a new criterion for airway assessment A pilot, cohort single blind study
Authors: faraj jafar , Ahmed Yasir E. , Raval Chetankumar B. , Yousif Taisir M , Kumar Neeraj , Kamat Sandesh , Mahdi Saba K. , Aliyar Ahamed Lafir , Taha Ahmed M. R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose Short Neck is a term used by anesthesiologists to describe one of the risk factors for difficult airway management. However, the term Short Neck is very subjective and has not been standardized. We attempt to quantify Short Neck.Methods A pilot prospective single blinded study was conducted at Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar between March 2018 and October 2018. 97 adult patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were recruited. Measurements of airway assessment, including neck length, were documented prior to anesthesia. The operators (anesthesiologists) were blinded. Intubation Difficulty Scale was used. All data were documented and analysed afterwards. Patients were of three groups according to Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS): Group A: IDS 0, Group B: IDS >0 - ≤5 and Group C: IDS >5.Results Five patients (5.2%) with intubation difficulty score >5 have a mean neck length 7.6 cm. Short Neck was found to have a significant p value 0.022 within the three groups.Conclusions Patient's features relevant to airway assessment are rather difficult to quantify. This is the first reported attempt to obtain an objective value for Short Neck in routine airway assessment.
Enhanced 2-phenylethanol production by newly isolated Meyerozyma sp. strain YLG18 and characterization of its synthetic pathways
Authors: Yan Wei , Qian Xiujuan , Zhang Wenming , Zhou Jie , Dong Weiliang , Xu Bin , Jiang Min , Xin Fengxue 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is an aromatic alcohol which has been widely used in cosmetics, perfume and food industries owning to its delicate rose scent. The newly isolated yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii YLG18 was able to tolerate high exogenous 2-PE and produce 2-PE with two different pathways.ResultsA unique Meyerozyma sp. strain YLG18 was obtained in this study, which was capable of tolerating 4.0 g/L exogenous 2-PE. Response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented to improve the maximum 2-PE production. At optimized conditions: temperature, 24.7℃; initial glucose, 63.54 g/L; initial L-phe, 10.70 g/L, 2-PE production was increased to 2.55 g/L, leading to 104% increase compared to the pre-optimized one. In situ product recovery (ISPR) could further help improve the final 2-PE production to 3.20 g/L with fatty acid methyl ester as the extractant, representing the highest 2-PE production by using Meyerozyma sp.. Furthermore, genes involved in 2-PE synthesis were identified and their expression levels between Shikimate pathway and Ehrlich pathway were compared. Based on the genomic and transcriptional analysis, a penta-functional enzyme AroM in Shikimate pathway and an aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) with the potential to convert phenylalanine into phenylpyruvate in Ehrlich pathway were identified.ConclusionsThese findings would help broaden our knowledge and add to the pool of known 2-PE generating microbes and genes. Moreover, this study describes a potential, new 2-PE producer that lays foundation for the industrial-scale production of 2-PE and its derivatives in the future. Key words: 2-phenylethanol; Meyerozyma guilliermondii; RSM; ISPR; gene analysis