bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopies, blood‐borne viruses and blood donors: time to move on from precaution
Authors: Hoad Veronica C. , Serhan George , Seed Clive R. , Kiely Philip , Gosbell Iain B. 
Published: October 2020

Background and objectivesBased on the Council of Europe directive which dictates regulatory requirements in Australia, blood donors are currently deferred from donating for 4 months after an endoscopic procedure if either polyps were removed or a biopsy sample was taken. We aimed to assess the incidence of blood‐borne viruses (BBVs) (HIV, hepatitis B and C) in blood donors who donated after an endoscopic procedure and evaluate the risk to blood safety through risk modelling.Materials and methodsDonors from 1/1/2013 to 31/12/2017 with an endoscopy deferral on their blood donor file with pre‐ and post‐BBV testing were analysed to determine an incidence of BBVs using standard methods. The standard blood donor cohort was used as a comparator group. Using the incidence of endoscopies and BBV risk, the total residual risk estimate of allowing donors to return postendoscopy without restriction was calculated.ResultsThe incidence of a BBV postendoscopy in this large cohort of 16,283 where testing has been confirmed postendoscopy was zero (95% CI 0–0·000105). The upper confidence interval of the zero events is 10·5 per 100 000 donations. Total positive donations from 2017 repeat donors were 1·87 per 100 000 (95% CI 0·0000117–0·0000277). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the residual risk remained negligible under realistic worst‐case scenarios.ConclusionA BBV endoscopy deferral is not required for blood safety in Australia. The presented data has enabled us to submit a request for an exemption to our regulator, which has been approved and the policy change subsequently implemented by Lifeblood on 4/4/2020.
Ovine red cell concentrates for transfusion research – is the storage lesion comparable to human red cell concentrates?
Authors: Simonova Gabriela , Wellburn Rebecca , Fung Yoke Lin , Fraser John F. , Tung John‐Paul 
Published: October 2020

Background and objectivesSheep are increasingly being used as a large in vivo animal model of blood transfusion because they provide several advantages over small animals. Understanding the effects of storage duration on ovine (ov) red cell concentrates (RCCs) and how these changes compare with stored human (hu) RCCs is necessary to facilitate clinical translation of research findings.Materials and methodsOvRCCs (n = 5) collected and processed in standard human blood collection packs, and equivalent huRCCs provided by Australian Red Cross Lifeblood (n = 5), were stored at 2–6°C for 42 days, with samples collected weekly. Haemolysis index was determined by measuring supernatant haemoglobin concentration. Biochemical parameters were evaluated using a blood gas analyser. Energy metabolites and biologically active lipids were measured using commercial assays. Osmotic fragility was determined by lysis in various saline concentrations. Extracellular vesicles were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis.ResultsOvine red blood cells (RBCs) are double in number, smaller in size and more fragile than human RBCs. Haematological values were unchanged throughout storage. In contrast, biochemical and metabolic values, and haemolysis index in three of the five ovRCCs exceeded huRCCs licensing criteria by day 42. Accumulation of extracellular vesicles and biologically active lipids was comparable between huRCCs and ovRCCs.ConclusionThis study documents similarities and differences in the storage lesion of ovRCCs and huRCCs. This new information will guide the design of ovine transfusion models to enhance translation of findings to human transfusion settings.
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, COMPOSITION OF FATTY ACID, CAROTENOIDS AND TOCOPHEROLS OF DEGUMMED AND NEUTRALIZED RED FRUIT (Pandanus conoideus) OIL
Authors: Sarungallo Zita Letviany , Santoso Budi , Situngkir Risma Uli , Roreng Mathelda Kurniaty , Lisangan Meike Meilan 
Published: October 2020

Refining of crude red fruit oil (CRFO) through the degumming and neutralization steps intended to produce oil free of impurities (non triglycerides) such as phospholipids, proteins, residues and carbohydrates, and also reducing the amount of free fatty acids (FFA). This study aims to determine the effect of red fruit oil purification through degumming and neutralization stages on chemical properties, fatty acid composition, carotenoid content and tocopherol of red fruit oil (RFO). The results showed that degumming of CRFO did not affect the decrease in water content, FFA levels, peroxide numbers, iodine values, carotenoids and tocopherols content; but decrease in levels of phosphorus, β-carotene and α-tocopherol. Neutralization of degummed-RFO (DRFO) did not affect the decrease in water content, iodine value, carotenoid, tocopherol and α-tocopherol; but the FFA levels, peroxide number, phosphorus and β-carotene levels decreased significantly. The fatty acid composition of RFO was dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (± 75%), which increases through degumming and neutralization stages. β-carotene is more sensitive than α-tocopherol during refining process of crude oil, but in general, this process can improve the RFO quality.
Prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain among active and retired military personnel: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Reyes Julian , Shaw Lynn E. , Lund Heidi , Heber Alexandra , VanTil Linda 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal chronic pain among active and retired members of military forces and to characterize potential factors that could influence the frequency of musculoskeletal chronic pain.

Introduction:
Inherent to military occupations is a diverse source of occupational hazards that affect the well-being of individuals at any stage of their military career (active and retired). Chronic pain may result from the continuous exposure to physically demanding tasks and other risks. Moreover, chronic pain has been associated with other comorbidities, including mental health conditions.

Inclusion criteria:
Scientific papers in French or English reporting on chronic pain derived from a musculoskeletal cause in active and retired military personnel will be considered. There will be no restriction on participants’ country, age, or length of service.

Methods:
The published literature will be identified by exploring biomedical, pharmacological, and physiology bibliographic databases. The unpublished literature will be located through the search of thesis and gray literature repositories. This review will follow the condition-context-population approach and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The extracted data will include any detail about the anatomic location, diagnosis, types of studies, and risk factors. The review will follow JBI methods of critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis for reviews containing prevalence data. If enough evidence is found, meta-regression analysis will performed, otherwise a narrative review will be completed.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020153704
Effects of Dynamic Operational Conditions on Thermal Infrared Imaging of Monocrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Vumbugwa M. , Crozier McCleland J. L. , van Dyk E. E. , Vorster F. J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) modules installed in the field generate electrical power under different meteorological and operational conditions; therefore, maintenance of the modules is crucial for the longevity of the PV modules. Thermal infrared (TIR) imaging is a widely used monitoring technique for quality checks of PV modules in plants. It is ideally conducted on operational PV modules under steady ambient conditions; however, PV modules operate under dynamic climatic conditions which influence the overall operation of all solar cells and modules. The dynamic nature of thermal signatures was observed on TIR images when monocrystalline PV modules operated under varying electrical loads and irradiance. A change in operating conditions affected the level of current mismatch between cells since at high irradiance of about 1000 watts per square meter (W m−2) and while operating close to short circuit current at reduced load, the PV cells generated a higher current which led to significant current mismatch. This resulted in several abnormally hot cells being identified on TIR images. Under lower irradiance and larger electrical loads, fewer hot cells were observed and cracked cells (identified through Electroluminescence (EL)) appeared as good cells due to minimal current mismatch. The effectiveness of TIR imaging to reveal underperforming defective cells as hot cells depends on the operating conditions and can mislead decision-making when PV module maintenance is carried out. This work gives valuable information which can be of importance in improving the maintenance systems of PV modules when TIR imaging is conducted.
Signal Processing Techniques to Detect Centrifugal Compressors Instabilities in Large Volume Power Plants
Authors: Niccolini Marmont Du Haut Champ Carlo Alberto , Silvestri Paolo , Ferrari Mario Luigi , Massardo Aristide Fausto 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper shows signal processing techniques applied to experimental data obtained from a T100 microturbine connected with different volume sizes. This experimental activity was conducted by means of the test rig developed at the University of Genoa for hybrid systems emulation. However, these results can be extended to all advanced cycles in which a microturbine is connected with additional external components which lead to an increase of the plant volume size. Since in this case a 100 kW microturbine was used, the volume was located between the heat recovery unit outlet and the combustor inlet like in the typical cases related to small size plants. A modular vessel was used to perform and to compare the tests with different volume sizes. The main results reported in this paper are related to rotating stall and surge operations. This analysis was carried out to extend the knowledge about these risk conditions: the systems equipped with large volume size connected to the machine present critical issues related to surge and stall prevention, especially during transient operations toward low mass flowrate working conditions. Investigations conducted on acoustic and vibrational measurements can provide interesting diagnostic and predictive solutions by means of suitable instability quantifiers which are extracted from microphone and accelerometer data signals. Hence, different possible tools for rotating stall and incipient surge identification were developed through the use of different signal processing techniques, such as wavelet analysis and higher order statistics analysis (HOSA) methods. Indeed, these advanced techniques are necessary to maximize all the information conveyed by acquired signals, particularly in those environments in which measured physical quantities are hidden by strong noise, including both broadband background one (i.e., typical random noise) but also uninteresting components associated with the signal of interest. For instance, in complex coupled physical systems like the one it is meant to be studied, which do not satisfy the hypothesis of linear and Gaussian processes inside them, it is reasonable to exploit these kinds of tools, instead of the classical fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique by itself, which is mainly adapt for linear systems periodic analysis. The proposed techniques led to the definition of a quantitative indicator, the sum of all autobispectrum components modulus in the subsynchronous range, which was proven to be reliable in predicting unstable operation. This can be used as an input for diagnostic systems for early surge detection. Furthermore, the presented methods will allow the definition of some new features complementary with the ones obtainable from conventional techniques, in order to improve control systems reliability and to avoid false positives.
Two-Phase Heat Transfer and Flow Regimes in Pin Fin-Enhanced Microgaps—Effect of Pin Spacing
Authors: Asrar Pouya , Ghiaasiaan S. Mostafa , Joshi Yogendra K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An experimental investigation of the flow boiling of dielectric refrigerant R245fa is conducted in microgaps with enhancement features. A silicon microgap of height 200 μm populated with pin fin arrays of diameter 150 μm with spacing 200 μm in both horizontal and vertical directions is examined. For five different test conditions and in a wide range of mass flux from 781 to 5210 kg/m2s, and inlet temperatures in the range of 13–18 °C, average single-phase and two-phase heat transfer coefficients, pressure drop, and exit vapor quality are reported. Three major flow patterns are observed in the pin finned area using high-speed flow visualization at frame rate of 2229 fps: foggy, bubbly, and slug flow. Based on the experimental data, a flow regime map is constructed.
Incidence of paediatric 10-fold medication errors in Wales
Authors: Tse Yincent , Tuthill David 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo estimate the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of 10-fold or greater or a tenth or less medication errors in children aged <16 years in Wales.DesignPopulation-based surveillance study July 2017 to June 2019. Cases were identified by paediatricians and hospital pharmacists using monthly electronic Welsh Paediatric Surveillance Unit (WPSU) reporting system.Patients‘Definite’ incident occurred when children received all or any of the incorrect dose of medication. ‘Near miss’ was where the prescribed, prepared or dispensed medication was not administered to the child.Main outcome measuresIncidence, patient characteristics, setting, drug characteristics, outcome, harm and enabling or preventive factors.ResultsIn total, 50 10-fold errors were reported; 20 definite and 30 near miss cases. This yields a minimum annual incidence of 1 per 3797 admissions, or 4.6/100 000 children. Of these, 43 were overdoses and 7 underdoses. 33 incidents occurred in children <5 years of age. Overall, 37 different medications were involved with the majority, 31 cases, being administered enterally. Of these 31 enteral medication errors, all definite cases (10) had received liquid preparations. Temporary harm occurred in 5/20 (25%) definite cases with one requiring intensive care; all fully recovered.ConclusionsIn this first ever population surveillance study in a high-resource healthcare system, 10-fold errors in children were rare, sometimes prevented and uncommonly caused harm. We recommend country-wide improvements be made to reduce iatrogenic harm. Understanding the enabling and preventive factors may help national improvement strategies to reduce these errors.
Opportunistic influenza vaccination in the home: broadening access in isolated times
Authors: Nisbet Lauren Claire , Cobbledick Annie M , Smith Tessa E , Bryant Penelope A , Lawrence Joanna 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundInfluenza is a vaccine-preventable infection that causes serious illness. The mandate to prevent an influenza epidemic has increased with the COVID-19 pandemic. However, isolation restrictions have reduced interactions with healthcare professionals. We aimed to determine whether these barriers could be overcome by offering vaccination via an ambulatory setting for the first time.MethodsDuring a 12-week period, patients receiving care through the Hospital-in-the-Home programme were offered immunisation during their home visit. Logistical cold chain barriers were addressed, and patient acceptance was measured.ResultsCooler boxes with temperature loggers were designed to monitor the cold chain. 157 eligible patients were contacted, of whom 96 (61%) consented and received in-home injectable influenza vaccine, with no major adverse events. 52/96 (54%) were first-time influenza vaccine recipients. Most refusals (28/41, 68%) were for immunisation concerns, not home administration.ConclusionThis pilot shows ambulatory influenza vaccination is feasible, safe and overcomes some barriers.
Child transport injuries and deaths in Lebanon: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Al-Hajj Samar , Arjinian Sebouh , Hamadeh Zahraa , Al-Zaghrini Elie , El Asmar Khalil 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionRoad traffic injury (RTI) constitutes the leading cause of deaths and disabilities for individuals aged 5–29 years globally. Lebanon suffers from a high toll of transport mortality and morbidity, though accurate and reliable RTI data are limited. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and the characteristics of child transport injuries and deaths in Lebanon and to determine their outcomes and associated risk factors.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre retrospective study to analyse data on transport injuries and deaths for children aged 0–17 years over a 3-year period (2015–2017). Data were captured from multiple sources, including police reports and the emergency departments of 30 hospitals across the country . We performed logistic regression models to examine the effects and test the association of multiple simultaneous factors on the child injury outcome and severity.ResultsA total of 3,033 cases of child transport injuries and 237 fatalities were collected. The majority of the cases were males (73%) (mean (SD) age=11 (±5) years). Transport victims were Lebanese (66.5%) and Syrian refugees (27.9%). The most commonly reported factor contributing to child’s RTI was a child riding in high-speed vehicles (25%) and the most affected body regions were upper and lower extremities (29.9%), followed by head injuries (26.1%). Pedestrians had higher odds of sustaining fatal injuries compared to four-wheel vehicle occupants (OR=1.6; 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.27). Older age groups of 6–14 years (OR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.79 to 0.69) and 15–17 years (OR=0.41; 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.61) had lower odds of dying from transport injuries compared to the younger age group of 0–5 years.ConclusionChild transport injury is a major public health problem in Lebanon. Findings from this study urge policy-makers and health professionals to implement evidence-based child transport safety policies and behaviour change programs to reduce child transport injuries and deaths.
Health and well-being issues of Nepalese migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries and Malaysia: a systematic review
Authors: Paudyal Priyamvada , Kulasabanathan Kavian , Cassell Jackie A , Memon Anjum , Simkhada Padam , Wasti Sharada Prasad 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo summarise the evidence on health and well-being of Nepalese migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Malaysia.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesEMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus and Global Health databases.Eligibility criteriaStudies were eligible if they: (1) included Nepalese migrant workers aged 18 or older working in the GCC countries or Malaysia or returnee migrant workers from these countries; (2) were primary studies that investigated health and well-being status/issues; and (3) were published in English language before 8 May 2020.Study appraisalAll included studies were critically appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute study specific tools.ResultsA total of 33 studies were eligible for inclusion; 12 studies were conducted in Qatar, 8 in Malaysia, 9 in Nepal, 2 in Saudi Arabia and 1 each in UAE and Kuwait. In majority of the studies, there was a lack of disaggregated data on demographic characteristics of Nepalese migrant workers. Nearly half of the studies (n=16) scored as ‘high’ quality and the rest (n=17) as ‘moderate’ quality. Five key health and well-being related issues were identified in this population: (1) occupational hazards; (2) sexual health; (3) mental health; (4) healthcare access and (5) infectious diseases.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive review of the health and well-being of Nepalese migrant workers in the GCC countries and Malaysia. This review highlights an urgent need to identify and implement policies and practices across Nepal and destination countries to protect the health and well-being of migrant workers.
A protocol for the economic evaluation of the smoking Cessation in Pregnancy Incentives Trial III (CPIT III)
Authors: McMeekin Nicola , Sinclair Lesley , Bauld Linda , Tappin David Michael , Mitchell Alex , Boyd Kathleen Anne 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionSmoking results in an average 10-year loss of life, but smokers who permanently quit before age 40 can expect a near normal lifespan. Pregnancy poses a good opportunity to help women to stop; around 80% of women in the UK have a baby, most of whom are less than 40 years of age. Smoking prevalence during pregnancy is high: 17%–23% in the UK. Smoking during pregnancy causes low birth weight and increases the risk of premature birth. After birth, passive smoking is linked to sudden infant death syndrome, respiratory diseases and increased likelihood of taking up smoking. These risks impact the long-term health of the child with associated increase in health costs. Emerging evidence suggests that offering financial incentives to pregnant women to quit is highly cost effective.This protocol describes the economic evaluation of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial (Cessation in Pregnancy Incentives Trial III, CPIT III) designed to establish whether offering financial incentives, in addition to usual care, is effective and cost effective in helping pregnant women to quit.Methods and analysisThe economic evaluation will identify, measure and value resource use and outcomes from CPIT III, comparing participants randomised to either usual care or usual care plus up to £400 financial incentives. Within-trial and long-term analyses will be conducted from a National Health Service and Personal Social Services perspective; the outcome for both analyses will be quality adjusted life-years measured using EQ-5D-5L. Patient level data collected during the trial will be used for the within-trial analysis, with an additional outcome of cotinine validated quit rates at 34–38 weeks gestation and 6 months postpartum. The long-term model will be informed by data from the trial and published literature.Ethics and disseminationTrial registration numberISRCTN15236311; Pre-results(https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN15236311).