bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated strategy for holistic quality identification of Chinese patent medicine: Liuwei Dihuang Pills as a case study
Authors: Wang Xia , Wu Wenyong , Zhang Jianqing , Gao Lei , Zhang Linlin , Long Huali , Hou Jinjun , Wu Wanying , Guo Dean 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionLiuwei Dihuang Pills (concentrated pills, simplified as LWDHP), one of the most famous classic Chinese Patent Medicine (CPM), is produced by hundreds of pharmaceutical manufacturers with billions of Chinese yuan (CNY) in annual sales. However, current quality identification of LWDHP mainly relies on a thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) method that is complicated and deficient.ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to simplify the identification process and provide a more comprehensive quality assessment method of LWDHP by developing an integrated strategy based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) and multivariate statistical analysis.MethodUltra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF‐MS) was employed to perform qualitative analyses of a home‐made LWDHP and to establish a stably characteristic compound library by analysis of batches of its component herbs. Then selective ion monitoring (SIM) of single MS was utilised to develop a rapid identification method based on the UHPLC/QTOF‐MS analysis result. Multivariate statistical analysis was subsequently used for the quality assessment of different commercial samples.ResultsSeventy‐eight characteristic compounds were characterised, and 68 of them were recorded to establish a stably characteristic compound library. Thirty‐one compounds were selected from the library for the establishment of SIM identification method. Good specificity, capability, and feasibility had been respectively verified by the analysis of blank sample, negative control (NC) preparation samples, home‐made LWDHP sample, and commercial sample. Multivariate statistical analysis of 20 batches of commercial LWDHP samples revealed the quality consistency of the same vendor's product and quality difference between diverse vendors' products.ConclusionThe SIM identification method by a single analysis could significantly simplify the identification process of LWDHP, and it was performed in a holistic mode for no less than two compounds of each component herb monitored. Moreover, it could also be combined with multivariate statistical analysis to conduct quality assessments of batches of samples. The integrated strategy used in the study of LWDHP could be applied for the identification of other CPM as well.
Descriptive analysis of postmarket surveillance data for hip implants
Authors: Pane Josep , Verhamme Katia M. C. , Rebollo Irene , Sturkenboom Miriam C. J. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeRecent safety issues involving medical devices have highlighted the need for better postmarket surveillance (PMS) evaluation. This article aims to describe and to assess the quality of the PMS data for a medical device and, finally, to provide recommendations to improve the data gathering process.MethodsA descriptive analysis of medical device reports (MDRs) on the use of MRA, a specific type of hip implant replacement submitted to the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2017. The number of reports was described as the number of MDRs per unique MDR number and stratified by different variables. The quality was assessed by the level of completeness of the collected PMS data.ResultsThe total number of reports related to MRA was 2377, and the number of MDRs per year ranged between 84 in 2009 and 452 in 2017. Most of the reports were reported by manufacturer Depuy Johnson & Johnson and were reported by a physician. In 44.9% of the reports, the device problem was reported as “Unknown.” When the device problem was known, in the majority of cases, it was related to an implant fracture. The quality of the collected data was assessed as low due to missing information.ConclusionThe underlying data should meet high quality standards to generate more evidence and to ensure a timely signal generation. This case study shows that the completeness and quality of the MDRs can be improved. The authors propose the development of tools to ensure a more dynamic complaint data collection to contribute to this enhancement.
Taliks, cryopegs, and permafrost dynamics related to channel migration, Colville River Delta, Alaska
Authors: Stephani Eva , Drage Jeremiah , Miller Duane , Jones Benjamin M. , Kanevskiy Mikhail 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTalik and cryopeg development related to channel migration has been observed in arctic deltas, but our knowledge on the configuration, properties, and rate of freezeback has remained limited. Along a main channel of the Colville River Delta (Alaska), we integrated subsurface data from 79 boreholes with a remote sensing analysis to measure channel changes in 1948–2013. We found that closed taliks occurred under the active channel and extended into intrapermafrost cryopeg layers under the riverbed/riverbar and active floodplain. Cryopegs as isolated small pockets were also identified at depths in older terrain units. In the study corridor, we estimated that the likelihood of talik and cryopeg occurrence was predominantly (42.2% of area) low, yet a high likelihood was also identified (27.0% of area). Permafrost growth occurred at a rapid rate in the land exposed following channel migration, likely due to the low and delayed release of latent heat as the freezing front progresses downward in the coarse‐grained soils of increasing salinity but decreasing temperatures. As the deposits keep cooling, ground ice will continue forming therefore increasing furthermore the salinity of the remaining unfrozen soil pore‐water and likely prevent the complete freezeback of the cryopegs developed in relation to channel migration.
Proteomic and Transcriptomic Approaches for Studying Bone Regeneration in Health and Systemically Compromised Conditions
Authors: Calciolari Elena , Donos Nikolaos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBone regeneration is a complex biological process, where the molecular mechanisms are only partially understood. In an ageing population, where the prevalence of chronic diseases with an impact on bone metabolism is increasing, it becomes crucial to identify new strategies that would improve regenerative outcomes also in medically compromised patients. In this context, omics are demonstrating a great potential, as they offer new insights on the molecular mechanisms regulating physiologic/pathologic bone healing and, at the same time, allow the identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This review provides an overview on the current evidence on the use of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches in bone regeneration research, particularly in relation to type 1 diabetes and osteoporosis, and discusses future scenarios and potential benefits and limitations on the integration of multi‐omics. It is suggested that future research will leverage the synergy of omics with statistical modeling and bioinformatics to prompt the understanding of the biology underpinning bone formation in health and medically compromised conditions. With an eye toward personalized medicine, new strategies combining the mining of large datasets and bioinformatic data with a detailed characterization of relevant phenotypes will need to be pursued to further the understanding of disease mechanisms.
Quantification of pesticide residues in the topsoil of Belgian fruit orchards: terrestrial environmental risk assessment
Authors: Claus Gregor , Spanoghe Pieter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPesticides are widely used in fruit orchards. In the context of integrated pest management (IPM) Flemish farmers are advised to restrict the use of pesticides. However, pesticide residues could still pose a threat to beneficial organisms. To date, it is not well known which residues are present in IPM orchards. This study focuses on the pesticide concentration in the topsoil and the implications for soil‐dwelling organisms.RESULTSTopsoil was sampled in ten sweet cherry (Prunus avium (L.) L.) and eight apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards in Flanders (Belgium), to quantify the concentration of pesticide residues. Topsoil was selected because it is a major exposure route for beneficials. Both pesticides from both current spraying schedules and those used previously were found. In addition, an environmental risk assessment was performed using species sensitivity distribution (SSD) and toxicity/exposure ratio (TER) approaches. The SSD approach led to a more conservative outcome. None of the pesticides in the spraying schedule revealed a risk, although some of the persistent and banned pesticides may continue to do so.CONCLUSIONSpraying schedules are good predictors of environmental contamination. Monitoring of residues remains essential to determine the real residue concentration in the topsoil. SSDs proved valuable. It was inferred that in addition to the standard test with the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826), an arthropod test organism such as Folsomia candida (Willem, 1902) should be used in future risk assessments because it displays higher sensitivity towards insecticides.
A family of virtual contraction based controllers for tracking of flexible‐joints port‐Hamiltonian robots: Theory and experiments
Authors: Reyes‐Báez Rodolfo , van der Schaft Arjan , Jayawardhana Bayu , Pan Le 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIn this work, we present a constructive method to design a family of virtual contraction based controllers that solve the standard trajectory tracking problem of flexible‐joint robots in the port‐Hamiltonian framework. The proposed design method, called virtual contraction based control, combines the concepts of virtual control systems and contraction analysis. It is shown that under potential energy matching conditions, the closed‐loop virtual system is contractive and exponential convergence to a predefined trajectory is guaranteed. Moreover, the closed‐loop virtual system exhibits properties such as structure preservation, differential passivity, and the existence of (incrementally) passive maps. The method is later applied to a planar RR robot, and two nonlinear tracking control schemes in the developed controllers family are designed using different contraction analysis approaches. Experiments confirm the theoretical results for each controller.
Synthesis of Fused Indolo‐Pyrazoles and Their Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activities against Anopheles arabiensis Mosquito
Authors: Makhanya Talent R. , Gengan Robert M. , Kasumbwe Kabange 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new approach was used for the synthesis of novel fused indolo‐pyrazoles (FIPs). Indole, arylhydrazine and benzaldehyde derivatives were used for the [3+2] annulation reaction in one‐pot system. The compounds were characterised by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The in vitro antifungal activity of the FIPs were evaluated against Candida albicans, Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Two FIPs, viz. N‐methyl‐3‐phenyl‐2, 3‐dihydropyrazolo [3, 4‐b] indole‐1(4H)‐carbothioamide (8 r) and 3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐N‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydropyrazolo[3,4‐b]indole‐1(4H)‐carbothioamide (8 x) displayed good antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a zone of inhibition diameter of 23 and 20 mm, respectively. They also displayed substantial potency against Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the MIC of 0.18 μM. All FIPs were screened for larvicidal and insecticidal properties against Anopheles arabiensis of which 12 FIPs produced more than 80 % larvae mortality at a 4 μg/mL dose in 24 hours whilst 8 FIPs showed a knock‐down of mosquitoes within the first 60 minutes of exposure, which was comparable to the positive control Temephos.
A Technical Introduction to Transmission Electron Microscopy for Soft‐Matter: Imaging, Possibilities, Choices, and Technical Developments
Authors: Franken Linda E. , Grünewald Kay , Boekema Egbert J. , Stuart Marc C. A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith a significant role in material sciences, physics, (soft matter) chemistry, and biology, the transmission electron microscope is one of the most widely applied structural analysis tool to date. It has the power to visualize almost everything from the micrometer to the angstrom scale. Technical developments keep opening doors to new fields of research by improving aspects such as sample preservation, detector performance, computational power, and workflow automation. For more than half a century, and continuing into the future, electron microscopy has been, and is, a cornerstone methodology in science. Herein, the technical considerations of imaging with electrons in terms of optics, technology, samples and processing, and targeted soft materials are summarized. Furthermore, recent advances and their potential for application to soft matter chemistry are highlighted.
Cu/ZnO Catalysts Derived from Bimetallic Metal–Organic Framework for Dimethyl Ether Synthesis from Syngas with Enhanced Selectivity and Stability
Authors: Li Fuping , Ao Min , Pham Gia Hung , Sunarso Jaka , Chen Yanping , Liu Jian , Wang Kai , Liu Shaomin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDirect conversion of syngas to dimethyl ether (DME) through the intermediate of methanol allows more efficient DME production in a simpler reactor design relative to the conventional indirect route. Although Cu/ZnO‐based multicomponent catalysts are highly active for methanol synthesis in this process, the sintering issue of Cu during the prolonged reaction generally deteriorates their performance. In this work, Cu/ZnO catalysts in a novel octahedron structure are prepared by a two‐step pyrolysis of Zn‐doped Cu‐BTC metal–organic framework (MOF) in N2 and air. The catalyst CZ‐350/A, hybrid of MOF‐derived Cu/ZnO sample CZ‐350 and γ‐Al2O3 for methanol dehydration, displays the best activity for DME formation (7.74% CO conversion and 70.05% DME selectivity) with the lowest deterioration rate over 40 h continuous reaction. Such performance is superior to its counterpart CZ‐CP/A made via the conventional coprecipitation method. This is mainly due to the confinement of Cu nanoparticles within the octahedron matrix hindering their migration and aggregation. Besides, partial reduction of ZnO in the activated CZ‐350 prompts the formation of Cu+‐O‐Zn, further facilitating the DME production with the highest selectivity compared to literature results. The results clearly indicate that Cu and ZnO distribution in the catalyst architecture plays an important role in DME formation.
Preparation of novel and durable concrete skin
Authors: Shi Yong , Shi ZhiMing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe performance of the conventional concrete skin was promoted by ultrasonic surface treatment (UST) in this study, and the newly formed dense and hard concrete skin was termed as ultrasonic hardening layer (UHL). The microstructure of UHL was scanned and analyzed, several durability‐related indicators, such as water vapor penetration rate, surface, and interface hardness, were measured, and it was found that UHL could effectively improve the durability of concretes. The light reflectance of the UHL concrete surface was measured in the spectrum range of UV (200 nm) to NIR (2,500 nm), and it manifested 24.17% less mean reflectance than the conventional concrete skin. Therefore, UHL could serve as a promising road material due to its better melting capacity in cold‐temperate zones.
Joint behavior and design procedure of a through plate connection for steel beam to hollow or concrete‐filled tubular columns
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad Mehdi , Mirghaderi Seyed Rasoul 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe through plate connection has a practical reliable configuration for fully restrained connections for a steel I‐beam to hollow or concrete‐filled tubular columns in seismic areas. Based on experimental programs of authors on interior planar moment connections via through plate technique, this paper presents the outcome of the studies focusing on the joint behavior and the shear transfer in the panel zone of through plate connection. Based on the conducted approved three full‐scale tests, the behavior of connection components and panel zone shear force were investigated accurately in order to provide useful information and key parameters to facilitate design calculations and proportioning the connection. The contribution of each component in the total shear capacity of the panel zone region was determined. Load transfer mechanisms were explained and by quantifying the portion of load transfer paths, the calculation approach was described for design purpose. The proposed design procedure was validated for a wide range of beam to column connections using finite element models. Verified numerical models were used to conduct parametric studies. The numerical results revealed that the proposed analysis method can predict well the induced demand in the connection components and also the design procedure is suitable and secure for all cases.
Testing use of a potential cognitive enrichment device by an Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus)
Authors: Matrai Eszter , Ng Angela K. W. , Chan Michelle M. H. , Gendron Suzanne M. , Dudzinski Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCognitive enrichment aims to provide animals with opportunities to use their cognitive skills and to promote behaviors associated with positive wellbeing. Cooperation in mammals has been recorded during various behavioral contexts such as hunting, mating, playing, and parental care. Coordinated activity, often with some level of problem‐solving action included, is required during cooperation. To investigate dolphins’ ability for collaborative problem‐solving, an enrichment device was introduced to two adult male Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus). The device contained fish and ice and was designed to be opened by simultaneously pulling on both ends. After repeated presentation, it became apparent that only one dolphin had active interest in the device. To facilitate opportunities for problem‐solving by this individual, an alternative collaborator, a human partner, was provided. Still, both dolphins had access to the device throughout the entire experiment. After the first opening, the same dolphin was highly successful in collaborating with the human in both joined (93%) and delayed (100%) partner conditions. The device provided a novel opportunity for the dolphin to use his cognitive skills. Even though only one dolphin participated actively, both dolphins showed varying degrees of interest to the device throughout the study. Both dolphins spent an average of 48% and 16% of their time, respectively, with the device, which resulted in a significant decrease in their other two most frequently observed behaviors: swimming and poolside observation. As a novel cognitive challenge, the device may be considered as a type of cognitive enrichment.
Special holonomy manifolds, domain walls, intersecting branes and T-folds
Authors: Chaemjumrus N. , Hull C.M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We discuss the special holonomy metrics of Gibbons, Lu, Pope and Stelle, which were constructed as nilmanifold bundles over a line by uplifting supersymmetric domain wall solutions of supergravity to 11 dimensions. We show that these are dual to intersecting brane solutions, and considering these leads us to a more general class of special holonomy metrics. Further dualities relate these to non-geometric backgrounds involving intersections of branes and exotic branes. We discuss the possibility of resolving these spaces to give smooth special holonomy manifolds.
Tradition vs. Moderne: Möglichkeiten und Limitationen eines neuen Vorlesungskonzepts in der curricularen HNO-Lehre
Authors: Daubenfeld T. , Kromeier J. , Heermann S. , Hildenbrand T. , Giesler M. , Offergeld C. 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Wegen stetig schwindender Präsenz Studierender wurde an der Univ.-HNO-Klinik Freiburg im Wintersemester (WS) 2017/18 ein neuartiges Blended-Learning-Vorlesungsformat gestartet: die HNO-3-D-Reihe. Um komplexe HNO-Themen (z. B. Mittelohr) verständlicher, ansprechender und klinisch relevanter zu präsentieren, kooperierten die klinischen Fachgebiete HNO-Heilkunde und Radiologie mit dem vorklinischen Fachgebiet Anatomie. Ziel der Studie war es, dieses Lehrformat zu evaluieren und Präferenzen zu ermitteln, welche Studierende zum Vorlesungsbesuch animieren könnten.

Methoden
Teilnehmende des HNO-Blockpraktikums im WS 2017/18 wurden in allen Vorlesungen mithilfe einer Evaluationskarte zur Qualität der Vorlesung befragt. Zudem wurde in jeder der neukonzipierten Vorlesungen der Wissenszuwachs überprüft. Mit einem Abschlussfragebogen wurden Präferenzen bei den Lehrmethoden erfragt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden die neuen Lehrangebote nicht besser benotet als die regulären, aber das neue Konzept grundsätzlich als positiv bewertet. Es gelang nicht, mehr Vorlesungsteilnehmende zu gewinnen. Das traditionelle Lehrformat „Vorlesung“ wird von einer umschriebenen Gruppe von Studierenden weiterhin als zeitgemäß angesehen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Bei prinzipiell positiver studentischer Bewertung eines neuen Vorlesungsformats erreichten die 3‑D-Vorlesungen in keiner der Kategorien Bestwerte. Dies erklärt sich aus der Häufung unerwarteter studentischer Kritikpunkte (Quantität des Lehrinhalts). Somit konnten die als Gradmesser vorgesehenen Parameter (E-Learning, Qualität der Lehrveranstaltung, Einsatz moderner Lehrmethoden) ihre Aufgabe nicht erfüllen. Das Evaluationsergebnis erfordert eine kritische Reflexion und ggf. partielle Umorganisation der Lehrveranstaltung (inhaltliche Verschlankung).
Die Weiterbildungssituation in der HNO-Heilkunde in Deutschland
Authors: Linke J. , Eichhorn T. , Kemper M. , Zahnert T. , Neudert M. 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Als Ansatzpunkt zur Entwicklung konkreter Optimierungsvorschläge für das HNO-ärztliche Weiterbildungssystem wurde zunächst die Ausbildungssituation an deutschen HNO-Kliniken analysiert, um existierende Schwachstellen der Weiterbildung identifizieren zu können.

Methodik
HNO-Weiterbildungsassistenten an deutschen HNO-Kliniken wurden eingeladen, an einer Online-Befragung teilzunehmen. Der Fragebogen bestand dabei aus 78 Einzelfragen.

Ergebnisse
An der Umfrage nahmen 223 Weiterbildungsassistenten der HNO-Heilkunde teil. Defizite der Ausbildung wie ein fehlendes regelmäßiges Feedback zwischen Weiterbildungsberechtigten und Weiterbildungsassistenten/-innen, eine nur mittelmäßig bewertete Vermittlung von Fachkompetenz sowie eine in den Freitextkommentaren genannte „Willkür“ der Weiterbildungsbeauftragten hinsichtlich der Gestaltung des Weiterbildungsverlaufs sowie Zeit- und Personalmangel treten in den Fokus unserer Auswertung. Einige der verbindlich aufgeführten Empfehlungen der Weiterbildungsordnung wie die Festlegung von konkreten Weiterbildungszielen im Rahmen eines regelmäßigen Gesprächs oder der Einsatz eines Log-Buchs werden bislang nur vereinzelt umgesetzt. Forderungen zum Ausbau von externen Fortbildungsmöglichkeiten (Hospitation/Rotation) und einer externen objektiven Überprüfung der klinikinternen Durchführung der Weiterbildung im Sinne einer Qualitätssicherung beispielsweise durch Fachvertreter der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie (DGHNOKHC) werden diskutiert.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Umsetzung einer strukturierten und standardisierten Weiterbildung in Deutschland, welche im Sinne einer freiwilligen Eigeninitiative auch durch die DGHNOKHC in ihrer Umsetzung überprüft wird, kann eine Basis für eine effektivere verbindliche Weiterbildung schaffen.