bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between school meals with thinness and stunting among primary school students, in Meket Wereda, Ethiopia: comparing schools with feeding and non-feeding program
Authors: Demilew Yeshalem Mulugeta , Nigussie Azezu Asres 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Though undernutrition affects academic performance, significant number of Ethiopian school children have undernutrition. To avert nutritional problems the government in collaboration with the world food program has implemented a school feeding program. However, data on the nutritional status of primary school students were scarce in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between school meals with thinness and stunting among primary school students in Meket Woreda and to identify associated factors.

Methods
A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 1091 students, from April 1–27, 2015. The study participants were selected using a multi-stage stratified sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entry and analysis were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 software. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were done. Anthropometric data were analyzed using Anthro-plus software.

Results
In univariate analysis, thinness was commoner in nonschool feeding program schools (37.5%) compared to school feeding program schools (27.8%) but stunting was less common (48.3% versus 58.5%). However, after adjustment for confounding, there was no difference in stunting levels, but the adjusted odds ratio for thinness in nonschool feeding program schools was 2.6 (95% CI: (1.8, 3.8)) times higher than in school feeding program schools. Other independent risk factors for thinness were: having uneducated mother, being a male and taking meal once daily. Independent risk factors for stunting were ethnicity, having uneducated mother, un-piped water supply, taking meal once daily, type of diet and being a male.

Conclusion
The provision of meals seems to offer considerable protection against thinness, though not against stunting. Thus, school meal program should be scaling up into schools in food insecure areas.
In vivo evaluation of pharmacological properties of Argentine stingless bee geopropolis
Authors: Brodkiewicz Ivana Y. , Reynoso Marcos A. , Vera Nancy R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPropolis is a natural product that has been widely utilized as medicine and dietary supplement because of its broad biological activities. However, although meliponide hive products have many advantages, meliponiculture has not yet become popular in Argentina, and few scientific studies on its chemical composition and/or its bioactive properties were reported, so the use of stingless bee propolis Argentine in popular medicine continues to be based on empirical knowledge.Our work aims to evaluate in vivo anti-inflammatory, antitussive and expectorant activities, and acute toxicity of the Argentine geopropolis ethanol extracts of two stingless bee’s species,Scaptotrigona jujuyensisSchrottky andTetragonisca fiebrigiSchwarz. Wistar male rats were used for all in vivo studies. Anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated through carrageenan-induced edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation. Antitussive activity was assessed against ammonia-induced cough. Expectorant activity was measured by volume of phenol red in the rats’ tracheas. The extract doses tested were 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg (p.o.). The safety was evaluated with test of acute toxicity (48 h).ResultsThe results showed thatS. jujuyensisandT. fiebrigipropolis (1000 mg/kg) significantly reduced the carrageenan-induced edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation 3 h post-dosing. In the ammonia liquor-induced cough, both propolis significantly enhanced the latent period and reduced cough frequency as compared with those of the negative control. However, they did not increase the expulsion of red phenol in the treated rats.ConclusionsThis study shows that ethanol extracts ofS. jujuyensisandT. fiebrigipropolis have anti-inflammatory and antitussive effects. These findings would justify the use of geopropolis in medicine as a potential phytotherapeutic product.Graphical abstract
Attribute-assisted characterization of basement faulting and the associated sedimentary sequence deformation in north-central Oklahoma
Authors: Firkins Max , Kolawole Folarin , Marfurt Kurt J. , Carpenter Brett M. 
Published: August 2020

Patterns of recent seismogenic fault reactivation in the granitic basement of north-central Oklahoma necessitate an understanding of the structural characteristics of the inherited basement-rooted faults. Here, we focus on the Nemaha Uplift & Fault Zone (NFZ) and the surrounding areas, within which we analyze the top-basement and intrabasement structures in eight poststack time-migrated 3D seismic reflection data sets. Overall, our results reveal 115 fault traces at the top of the Precambrian basement with sub-vertical dips, and dominant trends of west-northwest–east-southeast, northeast–southwest, and north–south. We observe that proximal to the NFZ, faults dominantly strike north–south, are fewer (<10), and have the lowest areal density and intensity, while displaying the largest maximum vertical separation. However, farther away (>30 km) from the NFZ, faults exhibit predominantly northeast–southwest trends, fault areal density and intensity increases, and maximum vertical separation decreases steadily. Of the analyzed faults, approximately 49% are confined to the basement (intrabasement), ~28% terminate within the Arbuckle Group, and approximately 23% transect units above the Arbuckle Group. These observations suggest that (1) proximal to the NFZ, deformation is dominantly accommodated along a few but longer fault segments, most of the mapped faults cut into the sedimentary rocks, and most of the through-going faults propagate farther up-section above the Arbuckle Group; and (2) with distance away from the NFZ, deformation is diffuse and distributed across relatively shorter fault segments, and most basement faults do not extend into the sedimentary cover. The existence of through-going faults suggests the potential for spatially pervasive fluid movement along faults. Further, observations reveal pervasive, subhorizontal intrabasement reflectors (igneous sills) that terminate at the basement-sediment interface. Results have direct implications for wastewater injection and seismicity in north-central Oklahoma and southern Kansas. Additionally, they provide insight into the characteristics of basement-rooted structures around the NFZ region and suggest a means by which to characterize basement structures where seismic data are available.
Between Consequential Memory and Destruction: Karl Jaspers, Jean Améry, and the Intellectual History of Postwar West Germany
Authors: Engel Amir 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article reconstructs two “modes of memory” in postwar West Germany and explores an underappreciated historical trajectory. These two modes offer radically different ideas about why Germany should remember its past. In the immediate aftermath of the war, Karl Jaspers called on Germany’s citizens to remember the atrocities of the Nazi past so they could open a new chapter in the nation’s history. Twenty years later, at the zenith of the economic miracle, Jean Améry made a similar demand. His, however, was not a constructive call for responsibility and improvement, like Jaspers’s call, but one of anger and resentment. Juxtaposing these two calls for memory shows that, against every intuition, the immediate postwar period, defined by unprecedented human loss and physical devastation, was also a moment of energy and hope, while the height of the Wirtschaftswunder (economic miracle) was also one of melancholy and discontent.
Otto Kirchheimer and the Frankfurt School: Failed Collaborations in the Search for a Critical Theory of Politics
Authors: Buchstein Hubertus 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article describes debates among members of the Frankfurt School during their years in exile in the United States about the status of political institutions within their analytic frameworks. The cited unpublished material in this article sheds new light on the complicated relationship between Otto Kirchheimer and the core of the Frankfurt School group on this issue. Kirchheimer’s biographical episode with the group exemplifies both the failure of interdisciplinary collaboration at the Institute of Social Research and the inability of its members to develop a joint theoretical perspective on political phenomena. In the context of the Frankfurt School, Kirchheimer’s works present a countermodel to the interpretation of modern mass democracy as an integrative regime of instrumental reason. He refused to accept such a global interpretation. In his work at the Institute of Social Research he accentuated the unequal power recourses of conflicting social groups and different institutional mechanisms to deal with these conflicts politically. This approach made his work interesting for authors of a later generation of Critical Theory like Jürgen Habermas and Claus Offe.
Journeys to the West: Travelogues and Discursive Power in the Making of the Mongol Empire
Authors: Hui Ming Tak Ted 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Before the Mongol conquest in 1279, numerous envoys were sent from the Southern Song court to its neighboring states. Their purpose was to evaluate and tame foreign territories and alien peoples and thereby reduce their threat to Song culture, and the travelogues resulting from these journeys were often “utilitarian” in style. The Record of the Perfected Master Changchun's Journey to the West (Changchun zhenren xiyou ji 長春真人西遊記), however, deserves special attention for its nuanced handling of a complex cultural-political power dynamics. Its compiler, Li Zhichang, was a leader in the Quanzhen sect, and his travelogue documents the journey of his master, Qiu Chuji, at the invitation of Chinggis (Genghis) Khan. Li's text illustrates the tension of competing political and cultural authorities: while the Mongols were becoming the source of political authority, the Taoists still owned the discursive power. The author argues that Li deliberately adopted a narrative strategy that conceded the Mongol claim to political legitimacy while simultaneously asserting Taoism's cultural dominance over the Mongols. The article also juxtaposes Li's work with the travel record by Yelü Chucai, a Khitan adviser to the Mongols who traveled with Chinggis Khan during his western military expeditions. Although Yelü's travelogue is often read as a rebuttal to Li Zhichang's work, a closer look reveals how Yelü appropriated Li's strategy for his own agenda: to justify Mongols' invasion of Central Asia while highlighting the cultural values shared between the Mongols and the Han Chinese. Both works employ rhetorical strategies that laid the foundation for political discourse affirming the Mongol-Yuan dynastic legitimacy.
Rethinking “Subjectivity” in Literature
Authors: Qiao Min 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article delves into Liu Zaifu's theoretical construction of subjectivity and his reflections on the dominant paradigm of revolution and enlightenment in twentieth-century China. Realizing the incompleteness and insufficiency of his contemplation on individual subjectivity, Liu shifted his scholarly interests to the composition of and dialogues between multiple subjectivities and examined the complex relationship between subjects and objects, self and others, as well as the individual's psychological relationship with the self. By reframing Liu's theories on subjectivity, this article argues that he seeks to further detach literature from politics by calling for various transcendental dimensions of Chinese literary works beyond the realistic one and by paying intense attention to the literary descriptions of people's sin of complicity and their inner struggle. Liu's evocation of heart and mind formulates a new concept of interiority via connecting the Chinese traditional concept of xin with the Western concept of inner subjectivity. In this way, Liu weaves a unique discourse of interiority into Chinese literary criticism, as a complement to and critique of the enclosed narrative vision of revolution and enlightenment in modern China.
Efficacy of mitomycin-C on anterior urethral stricture after internal urethrotomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Irdam Gampo Alam , Wahyudi Irfan , Andy Andy 
Published: August 2020

Background and Aim Mitomycin-C is a potent agent that plays an important role in tissue healing and scar formation. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of Mitomycin-C in treating anterior urethral stricture after internal urethrotomy. Methods Studies evaluating efficacy of mitomycin-c for anterior urethral stricture post urethrotomy were searched using Pubmed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Reviews as directory databases. The search was done in March 15th 2020. Terms being used in the searching process were “mitomycin-c” or “mitomycin”, “urethral stricture”, “urethral stenosis”, “internal urethrotomy”, “optical urethrotomy” and its synonyms. Every study with the design of retrospective or prospective clinical study being done in human subject was included. Study appraisal conducted in accordance to Oxford University Center for Evidence-Based Medicine. The conclusion of each study was summarized and the calculation of random effects from every study was conducted in meta-analysis. Random effects model is chosen because small number of studies and quite different. Results Three studies involving 311patients were included in this review, all of them reported less recurrence of in patients treated with mitomycin-c post urethrotomy (p<0.001). Risk ratio of all studies was 0.41 with 95% confidence interval (0.25-0.68). Conclusion Mitomycin-C has the potential of efficacy in treating anterior urethral stricture post internal urethrotomy. Relatively few numbers of studies may impact in the strength of this review and further studies need to be done.
Investigation of the Performance of Different Cleaning Devices in Maize Grain Harvesters Based on Field Tests
Authors: Wang Lijun , Yu Yongtao , Ma Yang , Feng Xin , Liu Tianhua 
Published: August 2020

HighlightsThe effects of different factors on the performance of cleaning devices are investigated.The loss percentage is negatively correlated to the moisture content of maize grain.The cleaning performance is affected by the plant spacing and the ear mass of maize.The long-toothed scale screen has the best performance in throwing impurities.Abstract. The direct harvest of maize grain achieves high working efficiencies and low harvest costs; thus, direct harvest will become increasingly common for harvesting maize in the future. To investigate the loss percentage of maize grain (LPOMG) and the impurity percentage of maize grain (IPOMG) for harvesting in the northeast reclamation area in China, field tests were completed with various moisture contents of maize grain (MCOMGs), maize varieties, types of cleaning screens, and travel speeds of the harvesters. The results showed that the LPOMG of Xianda 205 maize with an MCOMG of 30.49% was the lowest at 0.37% and the IPOMG of Xianda 205 maize with an MCOMG of 22.62% was the lowest at 0.14% when the maize mixture was cleaned with the common scale screen in the S660 harvester. The LPOMG of Hayu 189 maize was the lowest at 0.19% when using the S660 harvester at a travel speed of 1.0 m s-1, and the IPOMG of Xianda 205 maize was the lowest at 0.28% when using the S660 harvester at a travel speed of 2.0 m s-1; the different varieties of maize mixtures were cleaned with the common scale screen. The LPOMG of Xianda 205 maize cleaned with the stepped woven screen was the lowest at 0.25% when using the GK100 harvester at a travel speed of 1.0 m s-1, and the IPOMG of Xianda 205 maize cleaned with the long-toothed scale screen was the lowest at 0.10% when using the 7088 harvester at a travel speed of 2.0 m s-1. This study provides a reference for selecting a suitable maize variety, type of screen, and the earliest harvest time for direct harvesting of maize grain. Keywords: Cleaning, Field test, Harvesting maize, Impurity, Loss.
Shedding Frequency and Motion of Jujube Fruits in Various Excitation Modes
Authors: Zhou Jie , Xu Linyun , Xuan Yan , Xu Yahui , Liu Guanhua 
Published: August 2020

HighlightsThe motion responses of fruits varied greatly in different excitation modes.The excitation modes included horizontal, vertical, and rotational.The shedding frequency of fruits was closely related to their motion response.The optimal excitation mode for Jun jujube is vertical excitation.Abstract. To study the shedding frequency and motion response of Chinese Jun jujube fruits with different excitation modes, a vibration device with three excitation modes (horizontal, vertical, and rotational) was designed. The mature fruits were categorized according to their degree of dryness (fresh, half-dried, and dried). The basic physical parameters (volume, density, pedical-fruit retention force, etc.), shedding frequency, and motion response of the fruits were measured. With horizontal excitation, the response of the fruits was mainly pendulum motion, which increased as the excitation amplitude increased, while the shedding frequency of the fruits correspondingly decreased. However, with vertical excitation, the response of the fruits was mainly a compound motion comprising pendulum and beam-column motions. As the excitation amplitude increased from 5 to 10 mm, the shedding frequency of the fruits decreased dramatically, but further decrease in the shedding frequency was negligible as the excitation amplitude increased to 15 mm. With rotational excitation, the fruits exhibited centrifugal rotation in an approximately horizontal plane, and the amplitude and frequency necessary to achieve dynamic separation were small. It was concluded that the optimal excitation mode for Jun jujube is vertical excitation with an amplitude of 10 mm and frequency between 6 and 10 Hz. Keywords: Excitation modes, Jujube, Motion gesture, Shedding frequency.
Increasing Single-Pass Corn Stover Yield by Combine Header Modifications
Authors: Walters Chase P. , Dietsche Scott C. , Keene Joseph R. , Friede Joshua C. , Shinners Kevin J. 
Published: August 2020

HighlightsRotary knives were added to an ear-snapper header to increase corn stover yield in a single-pass biomass system.Stover yield increased with the number of knives but at the expense of combine productivity and fuel consumption.Bale moisture was often greater than would be considered appropriate for good aerobic conservation.Abstract.Modifications were made to a conventional ear-snapper corn header to increase corn stover yield when a single-pass round baling system was integrated with a combine harvester. To collect more leaves and top portions of stalks, knives oriented parallel to the deck plates were added to shear crop material above the ear-snapper rolls. Stover yield was primarily altered by the number of knives on the header; and to a lesser extent by the fore-and-aft position of the knives and the header height. The number of knives on a 12-row header was varied from two to six in increments of two. Stover yield increased linearly with the number of knives, and dry basis stover yield ranged from 1.1 Mg ha-1 (no knives) to 3.6 Mg ha-1 (six knives) over the five years of data collected (2012 to 2016). Combine productivity decreased linearly and specific fuel consumption increased linearly with greater stover yield. Combine productivity declined by as much as 50% when six knives were used. Dry basis bale density decreased linearly with the number of knives because the dense cobs became a smaller fraction of the total bale mass. In three of the five years, bale moisture increased linearly with the number of knives; in those three years, bale moisture was typically greater than 30% (wet basis). Adding knives to the header increased single-pass stover yield but at considerable cost to combine harvester productivity, and aerobic bale conservation would be challenged by high bale moisture. Keywords: Baling, Combine, Corn, Density, Moisture, Productivity, Stover, Yield.
Experimental study on compression of 216-W laser pulses below 2  ps at
1030  nm with chirped volume Bragg grating
Authors: Štěpánková Denisa , Mužík Jiří , Novák Ondřej , Roškot Lukáš , Smirnov Vadim , Glebov Leonid , Jelínek Michal , Smrž Martin , Lucianetti Antonio , Mocek Tomáš 
Published: August 2020

We report on the characterization of a high-power, chirped volume Bragg
grating (CVBG) pulse compressor. It includes measurements of the
CVBG’s diffraction efficiency, beam profile, beam quality (

M

2

parameter), pulse spectrum, the
CVBG’s temperature, and the thermal lens. These parameters were
monitored for a wide range of input laser powers and with different
clamping forces applied on the CVBG. This analysis was performed with
a CPA-based Yb:YAG thin-disk laser system operating at a wavelength of
1030 nm, a 92 kHz repetition rate, 2 ps pulse duration, and an average
output power after compression of 216 W (270 W uncompressed), which
is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest value reported to date
using this pulse compression technique.
Performance study of a high-power single-frequency fiber amplifier
architecture for gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Wellmann Felix , Steinke Michael , Wessels Peter , Bode Nina , Meylahn Fabian , Willke Benno , Overmeyer Ludger , Neumann Jörg , Kracht Dietmar 
Published: August 2020

The next generation of interferometric gravitational wave detectors
will use low-noise single-frequency laser sources at 1064 nm. Fiber
amplifiers are a promising design option because of high efficiency,
compact design, and superior optical beam properties compared to the
current generation of laser sources for gravitational wave detectors.
We developed a reliable 200 W single-frequency fiber amplifier
architecture to meet the application requirements regarding relative
power noise, relative pointing noise, frequency noise, linear
polarization, and beam quality. We characterized several of these
amplifiers and discuss performance variations resulting from
manufacturing tolerances and variations in amplifier architecture.
This study serves as a baseline for further power scaling via
e.g., coherent beam combining experiments.
On-chip high-sensitivity photonic temperature sensor based on a GaAs microresonator
Authors: Chen Yongchao , Li Jianping , Guo Xiaojie , Wan Lei , Liu Jin , Chen Zhenshi , Pan Jingshun , Zhang Bin , Li Zhaohui , Qin Yuwen 
Published: August 2020

We demonstrate an on-chip high-sensitivity photonic temperature sensor based on a GaAs microdisk resonator. Based on the large thermo-optic coefficient of GaAs, a temperature sensitivity of 0.142 nm/K with a measurement resolution of 10 mK and low input optical power of only 0.5 µW was achieved. It exhibits great potential for chip-scale biological research and integrated photonic signal processing.
Low-coherence, high-power, high-directional electrically driven dumbbell-shaped cavity semiconductor laser at 635  nm
Authors: Xu Linhai , Wang Yufei , Jia Yufei , Zheng Wanhua 
Published: August 2020

An electrically driven dumbbell-shaped cavity semiconductor laser laterally confined by isolation and metal layers at 635 nm has been proposed. In the simulation, we systematically analyzed the

Q

-factors, mode intensity distributions, and directionality of the dumbbell-shaped cavity. A measured speckle contrast as low as 3.7%, emission divergence of 7.7°, and maximum output power of about 2.36 W were obtained in the experiment. Such a semiconductor laser with low coherence, high power, and high directivity may provide great potential application value in laser display and imaging.