bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
İnsani Müdahalelerde Medyanın Rolü: Libya ve Bahreyn Karşılaştırması
Authors: AKSU Zehra 
Published: October 2019

Ocak 2010’da
Tunus’ta başlayan Arap Baharı aradan geçen sürede Ortadoğu coğrafyasının büyük
bir bölümünü yeniden şekillendirmiş ve 2011 yılının başlarında Libya ve
Bahreyn’de de halk yönetim değişikliği talebiyle sokak gösterilerine
başlamıştır. Fakat milyonlarca sivilin ölümüne yol açan iç savaşlar
uluslararası kamuoyunu aynı oranda etkilememiş, gerek uluslararası örgütlerin gerekse
devletlerin insan hakları ihlalleri gibi elzem bir konuda bütün devletlere
karşı aynı oranda tavır almadıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durum Libya ve Bahreyn
örneklerinde de kendisini göstermiş, küresel
güçler tarafından Libya’da yönetimin devrilmesi desteklenip insani müdahale
gerçekleştirilirken; Bahreyn’de halkın demokrasi talebi dünya kamuoyuna
yansımamış veya bilinçli olarak yansıtılmamıştır. Bu durumun temel nedeni ise
önemli ajansların Batılı ülkelerin kontrolünde olması ve bu ülkelerin küresel
politikalarıyla uyumlu haber yapmalarıdır. Nitekim küresel düzeyde yayın yapan
basın kuruluşlarının,
Libya’da insani müdahaleyi meşru gösterecek yayınlar yaptığı görülürken;
Bahreyn eylemlerine neredeyse hiç yer vermediği görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda
hazırlanan çalışmanın temel amacı; Libya ve Bahreyn örnekleri
karşılaştırılarak, medyanın insani müdahale sürecini ne derece etkilediği
sorunsalının tartışılmasıdır.
Website Media Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Moodle Platform
Authors: Marsa Arif Rizki , Yunita Rini 
Published: October 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis moodle untuk perkuliahan Matematika. Penelitian dilakukan dengan model pendidikan (Educational Research and Development). Jenis penelitian R&D, penelitian terfokus pada pengembangan platform moodle melalui fase define, design, dan develop, Dan dilakukan penyempurnaan dengan revalidasi produk dan diseminasi. Pengembangan desain platform moodle dilakukan secara offline dan online menggunakan software moodle versi 3.3. Pengembangan secara offline dilakukan untuk mengatur story board, page navigation, profile setting, administration settings, dan management course setting. Pengembangan secara online dilakukan agar pembelajaran matematika dapat diakses di manapun sehingga mahasiswa dapat belajar lebih mudah dan fleksibel. Hasil pengembangan divalidasikan kepada pakar pembelajaran dan diujicobakan kepada mahasiswa. Pengumpulan data respon dilakukan lewat angket dan tes dan hasilnya dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif. Hasil validasi pakar untuk silabus, RPS, dan kelayakan ketiganya masuk kategori sangat baik/layak sehingga dapat dinyatakan layak untuk digunakan untuk mendukung proses pembelajaran. mahasiswa juga memberikan respon yang positif terhadap media yang dikembangkan.
Brazil-USA relations from Tiradentes to Barão do Rio Branco
Authors: Rosi Bruno Gonçalves 
Published: October 2019

The Baron of Rio Branco is popularly known as the greatest diplomat in Brazil's history. In the literature on Brazilian Foreign Policy, the Baron is seen (along with Joaquim Nabuco) as the founder of Americanism, a foreign policy paradigm in which bilateral relations with the United States were privileged within the Brazilian diplomatic agenda. This paradigm has been adopted with little opposition by the Foreign Ministry until the 1950s, when it was gradually replaced by a globalist paradigm that defines the Brazilian foreign policy since. Without completely denying this now traditional perspective, this article makes a brief assessment of relations between Brazil and the United States in the 19th century, ie before the Baron became foreign minister of Brazil. What is observed is that Brazil and the United States had peaceful, although distant, relations during most of the 19th century. This scenario, however, went through significant changes at the end of the century. Thus, it is important to note that the Baron and Nabucco have not created a new paradigm without any precedent. The analysis provided here is intended to help better consider the role of the Baron and Nabucco in the history of Brazilian foreign policy, particularly in relations between Brazil and the United States.
Keywords: Baron of Rio Branco; Joaquim Nabuco; Brazil-USA relations.

Recebido em: outubro/2016;Aprovado em: abril/2017.
Science Diplomacy as a tool of international politics: the power of ‘soft power’
Authors: Domingues Amanda , Ribeiro Neto Paulo Henrique 
Published: October 2019

Science and Technology (S&T) have historically been used by countries as tools of hard power, especially in military and economic contexts. Contrary to a strategy that uses S&T as a hard power tool, Science Diplomacy (SD) is an alternative form of using S&T in bilateral and multilateral interactions; one in which soft power predominates. Relying on examples of the foreign relations of the United States - one of the most developed countries in terms of S&T and SD - this article shows how SD has unified countries and has been employed as a strategy that assists diplomats in interpreting technical knowledge, supports scientists in negotiating multilateral projects, and, most importantly, promotes alliances between countries. The paper is divided in three main sections: in the first part, we present a brief summary of the intellectual history of the concept of SD, introducing and defining it and we discuss why countries invest in it. In the second part, we analyze to what extent S&T played a central role in re-establishing bilateral relations or in promoting more peaceful negotiations between the U.S. and Cuba, North Korea, Russia, and selected Muslim countries. In the third section, we offer our concluding remarks.
Key-words: Science Diplomacy; International Cooperation; Science and Technology.

Recebido em: maio/2017
Aprovado em: janeiro/2018
Convergences and dissonances within the Bismarckian welfare paradigm: a critical assessment of the impacts of Hartz-IV on the German unemployment insurance system
Authors: Treuke Stephan 
Published: October 2019

The paper deals with the repercussions of Hartz-IV on the German welfare system, implemented in 2005 in order to stimulate the labour market structure and to meet contemporary socio-economic and demographic challenges. Focussing on the convergences and dissonances between the historically contingent Bismarckian welfare paradigm and the Hartz-IV reform on the basis of Esping-Andersen’s typology of welfare regimes, it critically examines the modifications introduced into the system of unemployment insurance. Despite the overall reduction of the unemployment rate, the dualization between either the income-based unemployment benefit I (ALG-1), which guarantees the protection of the socio-occupational status, or the means-tested unemployment benefit II (ALG-2), providing for the strict minimum assistance to the jobless, has widened socio-economic inequalities. Evidence can be found for the introduction of recommodifying mechanisms, with regards to the tightening of eligibility criteria affecting the access to the ALG-1 and with regards to the implementation of the ALG-2 with a strong responsabilization of the recipients. Furthermore, an erosion of the principle of subsidiarity can be noticed, coupled with a formalweakening of the male breadwinner’s responsibility as the main income provider. Finally, the reforms have reaffirmed the rigidity of the social classes in Germany, thus creating structural obstacles to the economic upward mobility of the working poor. While the flexibility and greater absorbability of the employment market considerably increased German’s economic competitivity, the future yet has to prove whether the growing segment of working poor will be able to upgrade to full employment and social security coverage.
Keywords: German Welfare System; Unemployment Insurance; Hartz-IV; Labour Market.

Recebido em: março/2017
Aprovado: maio/2018.
A concepção de excepcionalidade na consciência social de Estados Unidos e China como elemento para a reflexão sobre disputas hegemônicas
Authors: Pires Marcos Cordeiro , Mattos Thaís Caroline Lacerda 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo busca refletir sobre o contexto de uma eventual disputa hegemônica entre Estados Unidos e China. Entretanto, ao invés de traçar um cenário prospectivo, busca-se levantar elementos históricos da formação de ambas as sociedades com vistas a delinear as bases das atuais estratégias internacionais de cada país. Importante característica comum entre ambas é que tanto Estados Unidos e China se veem como excepcionais, resultado de virtudes e de condições históricas específicas que moldaram de cada sociedade. Tal percepção de excepcionalidade está entre os princípios norteadores da inserção externa de Estados Unidos e China, além justificar e solidificar a construção das bases ideológicas que definem a concepção de hegemonia de cada país. Na perspectiva dos Estados Unidos, prevalece a noção de um “Destino Manifesto” – Manifest Destiny, uma visão missionária e religiosa sobre seu papel na ordem mundial. No caso da China, uma civilização milenar autocentrada e pacífica, construída sob o princípio imperial de “Tudo sob o Céu” – Tianxia ??, na qual o imperador chinês exercia o seu mandato celestial por meio da virtude e da benevolência sobre o povo Han e os povos vassalos de todo o mundo. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é o de analisar a construção da excepcionalidade em ambas as sociedades e relacionar tais características com suas políticas atuais.

ABSTRACT: This article seeks to reflect on the context of a possible hegemonic dispute between the United States and China. However, instead of outlining a prospective scenario, it seeks to raise historical elements of the formation of both societies in order to outline the bases of the current international strategies of each country. An important characteristic that United States and China have in common is that both see themselves as exceptional, as result of their own virtues and the specific historical conditions they have shaped from each society. This perception of exceptionality is among the guiding principles of the US and China's external performance and justifies the ideological foundations that define each country's conception of hegemony. From United States perspective´s the notion of "Manifest Destiny” brings with it a missionary and religious vision about its role in the world. In China's case, a self-centered and peaceful ancient civilization, built under the imperial principle of "All Under Heaven" - Tianxia ??, in which the Chinese Emperor exercised his heavenly mandate through virtue and benevolence over the Han people and the vassal peoples of the whole world. Thus, the objective of this article is to analyze the perception of exceptionality in both societies and to relate such characteristics to their current policies.
Keywords: United States. China. Hegemony. Exceptionality. Manifest Destiny. All Under Heaven.

Recebido em: Agosto/2018.
Aprovado em: Novembro/2018.
Hegemonia ou Governança Global Compartilhada. O que a China pensa?
Authors: Paulino Luís Antonio 
Published: October 2019

Frente à experiência histórica do Ocidente, na qual o ciclo de hegemonia, competição, guerra e nova hegemonia tem se repetido desde que o Tratado de Vestfália, em 1648, criou o atual sistema de estados-nação independentes, a ascensão recente da China à condição de grande potência e o concomitante declínio do “soft power” e do “hard power” dos Estados Unidos tem levado muitos a prever um inevitável confronto entre os dois países na disputa pela hegemonia mundial. Mesmo nos Estados Unidos, a preocupação de que a China possa vir a tomar seu lugar como potência hegemônica global tem gerado reações fortes, com a China sendo apresentada para a opinião pública como o inimigo a ser contido e derrotado. Os chineses, por seu turno, alegam que a lógica poder-hegemonia está baseada na experiência histórica dos países ocidentais e que a mesma não se aplica ao caso da China. Afirmam que não é da natureza da China buscar a hegemonia, que a China pode alcançar o desenvolvimento sem buscar a hegemonia e que a busca da hegemonia seria um convite para sua própria destruição. Para os chineses, o atual sistema de governança global pelo Ocidente está em desacordo com o atual balanço de poder mundial e, por isso, advogam um novo modelo de governança compartilhada entre o Ocidente e o Oriente.

Abstract: In the face of Western historical experience in which the cycle of hegemony, competition, war and new hegemony has been repeated since the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 created the present system of independent nation-states, China's recent rise to the condition of great power and the concomitant decline of soft power and hard power in the United States has led many to foresee an inevitable confrontation between the two countries in the struggle for world hegemony. Even in the United States, concern that China may take its place as a global hegemonic power has generated strong reactions, with China being presented to public opinion as the enemy to be restrained and defeated. The Chinese, for their part, claim that the logic of power-hegemony is based on the historical experience of Western countries and that it does not apply to the case of China. They assert that it is not China's nature to seek hegemony, that China can achieve development without seeking hegemony and that the pursuit of hegemony would be an invitation to its own destruction. For the Chinese, the current system of global governance by the West is at odds with the current balance of world power and therefore advocate a new model of shared governance between the West and the East.
Key-words: China, United States, Hegemony.

Recebido em: Agosto/2018.
Aprovado em: Outubro/2018.
International Human Rights Law and the Accountability of Civil Society Organizations: the case of the INGO accountability charter/accountable now
Authors: Fontenelle-Weber Alexandre 
Published: October 2019

The central objective of this Paper is to develop an analysis of the position occupied by civil society organizations in International Human Rights Law, specifically in human rights protection at the international level. In this regard, the proposed examination will focus on the discussion regarding the accountability of said organizations, at this level. Introducing, from a historical perspective, the form of interaction of these actors with supranational organizations, it is possible to draw conclusions regarding its legitimacy and its accountability or lack thereof. By drawing on the concept of legitimacy as used in the international sphere, to which the idea of accountability is directly linked, it can be developed certain analytical tools that permit the identification of specific aspects of accountability that are fundamental in understanding the mode of operation of civil society organizations in International Human Rights Law. As a practical example, it is studied the case of the INGO Accountability Charter, currently known as Accountable Now.

Recebido em: agosto/2018.Aprovado em: dezembro/2018.
Gender Based Terrorism and Armed Conflicts in Nigeria: The Chibok Girls’ Abduction and the Changing Narratives in Sambisa Forest
Authors: Omilusi Mike State 
Published: October 2019

Nigeria has had a chequered history of conflict situations such as civil war, inter and intra ethnic conflicts, religious conflicts among others. Northern Nigeria, in particular, has been greatly threatened by armed conflicts in recent years. Indeed, the remote northeast region is ground zero for many of the world’s most vexing problems, including an Islamic militant insurgency, crippling poverty, and declining development. In 2014, no fewer than 276 schoolgirls were abducted in Borno state by the Boko Haram sect that has ravaged the region since 2009. The audacious kidnapping brought the insurgency to world attention, triggering global outrage that galvanised support from many local and international actors. The girls have become a symbol of Nigeria’s brutal conflict. The failure of Nigeria's former government to act quickly to free the girls sparked a global Bring Back Our Girls movement. While the abduction sparked international outrage in a frantic bid to rescue the girls, some undercurrents were playing out locally that now deserve academic review. This essay is thus, an attempt to further interrogate the nature, nuances, shenanigan, politics and various rescue missions that characterise the Chibok girls’ abduction. It particularly reviews the activities of both local and international dimensions of #Bring Back Our Girls campaign within the socio-cultural and political contexts of the time while putting on spotlight issues of post-trauma facilities expected for the rescued girls and the fate of those still in captivity.

Recebido em: setembro/2018.
Aprovado em: setembro/2019.
O banco e o arranjo de reserva dos BRICS em perspectiva
Authors: Ribeiro Jackson , Maringoni Gilberto 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os documentos da cúpula dos BRICS de Fortaleza, ocorrida em julho de 2014 que criou duas instituições financeiras, o Novo Banco de Desenvolvimento - NBD - e o Arranjo Contingencial de Reservas - ACR. São iniciativas importantes para estreitar os laços do grupo que reúne Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul, além de servirem para alargar a ordem monetária e financeira internacional. O NBD e o ACR são complementares às instituições multilaterais tradicionais de Bretton Woods: Banco Mundial e FMI. Complementares, pois foi adotada uma orientação cautelosa na criação desses arranjos protagonizados pelos BRICS. Tais arranjos alternativos incorporaram muitas prerrogativas e princípios do Banco Mundial e FMI, como a necessidade de acordo de cada país membro para acessar parte relevante de recursos no ACR. Mesmo incorporando prerrogativas e os princípios dominantes nessas organizações tradicionais NBD e ACR criam ambientes institucionais com potencial para possibilitar novos desdobramentos.

Abstract: This article aims to analyse the documents of the BRICS Fortaleza summit held in July 2014 that created two financial institutions, the New Development Bank – NDB and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement – CRA. They are important initiatives to strengthen the ties of the group that includes Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, as well as serve to broaden the international monetary and financial order. NDB and CRA are complementary to traditional multilateral Bretton Woods institutions: the World Bank and the IMF. Complementary, because a cautious orientation was adopted in the creation of these BRICS arrangements. Such alternative arrangements have incorporated many prerogatives and principles of the World Bank and IMF, such as the need for each member country to agree to access a relevant part of the resources in the CRA. Even incorporating prerogatives and the dominant principles in these traditional NDB and CRA organisations create institutional environments with the potential to enable further unfoldings.
Keywords: BRICS; NDB; ACR; ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE.

Recebido em: fevereiro/2019.
Aprovado em: setembro/2019.
Structural and Evolutionary Diagnostics from Asteroseismic Phase Functions
Authors: Ong 王 J. M. Joel 加冕 , Basu Sarbani 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the asymptotic parameterization of mode frequencies, the phase function ϵ(ν) completely specifies the detailed structure of the frequency eigenvalues. In practice, however, this function of frequency is reduced to a single scalar ϵ, defined, particularly by observers, as the intercept of a least-squares fit to the frequencies against radial order, or via the central value of this function. The procedure by which this is done is not unique. We derive a few simple expressions relating various observational estimators of ϵ for radial modes to each other, and to the underlying theoretical object. In particular we demonstrate that a “reduced” functional parameterization is both insensitive to mis-estimations of Δν, and easy to evaluate locally in terms of both observational and theoretical quantities. It has been shown previously that such a local definition of ϵ can distinguish between stars on the ascending part of the red giant branch and those in the red clump. We find that this sensitivity to evolutionary stage arises from differences in the local frequency derivative of the underlying phase function, a consequence of differences in internal structure. By constructing an H-R-like diagram out of purely seismic observables, we provide a unified view of the Kepler asteroseismic sample, as well as the initial results from TESS. We investigate how various astrophysical quantities and modeling parameters affect the morphology of isochrones on this seismic diagram. We also show that ϵ can be used as an independent input when deriving stellar parameters from global asteroseismic quantities.
Crises et intégration européenne. Experts et pratiques de la restructuration industrielle durant les années 1960
Authors: Verschueren Nicolas 
Published: October 2019

Dès la fin des années 1950, les premières institutions européennes ont été confrontées à la désindustrialisation de certains bassins industriels. La Communauté européenne du charbon et de l’acier, créée en 1952, doit très vite répondre aux crises des bassins charbonniers, avant celles de la sidérurgie. Le caractère inédit de ces restructurations industrielles dans leur dimension régionale donne naissance à un nouveau champ d’expertise qu’il convient d’examiner pour comprendre les modèles et expériences à l’origine du développement des politiques de reconversion en Europe. Les références aux tentatives de redéploiement économique régional aux États-Unis et en Grande-Bretagne forment le socle initial à partir duquel les perspectives de reconversion rendent acceptables les restructurations industrielles.
Analytical model captures intratidal variation in salinity in a convergent, well-mixed estuary
Authors: Xu Yanwen , Hoitink Antonius J. F. , Zheng Jinhai , Kästner Karl , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Knowledge of the processes governing salt intrusion in
estuaries is important, since it influences the eco-environment of estuaries
as well as its water resource potential in many ways. Analytical models of
salinity variation offer a simple and efficient method for studying salt
intrusion in estuaries. In this paper, an unsteady analytical solution is
presented to predict the spatio-temporal variation in salinity in
convergent estuaries. It is derived from a one-dimensional
advection–diffusion equation for salinity, adopting a constant mixing
coefficient and a single-frequency tidal wave, which can directly reflect
the influence of the tidal motion and the interaction between the tide and
runoff. The deduced analytical solution is illustrated with an application
to the Humen estuary of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and proves to be an
efficient and accurate approach for predicting the salt intrusion in convergent
estuaries. The unsteady analytical solution is tested against observations
from six study sites to validate its capability to predict intratidal
variation in salt intrusion. The results show that the proposed unsteady
analytical solution can be successfully used to reproduce the spatial
distribution and temporal processes governing salinity dynamics in
convergent, well-mixed estuaries. The proposed method provides a quick and
convenient approach for deciding on water-fetching methods to make good use of
water resources.