bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Outpatient Procedural Sedation: 2007–2018
Authors: Kamat Pradip P. , McCracken Courtney E. , Simon Harold K. , Stormorken Anne , Mallory Michael , Chumpitazi Corrie E. , Cravero Joseph P. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:Pediatric subspecialists routinely provide procedural sedation outside the operating room. No large study has reported trends in outpatient pediatric procedural sedation. Our purpose in this study was to identify significant trends in outpatient procedural sedation using the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium.METHODS:Prospectively collected data from 2007 to 2018 were used for trending procedural sedation. Patient characteristics, medications, type of providers, serious adverse events, and interventions were reported. The Cochran–Armitage test for trend was used to explore the association between the year and a given characteristic.RESULTS:A total of 432 842 sedation encounters were identified and divided into 3 4-year epochs (2007–2011, 2011–2014, and 2014–2018). There was a significant decrease in infants &lt;3 months of age receiving procedural sedation (odds ratio = 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.96–0.98). A large increase was noticed in pediatric hospitalists providing procedural sedation (0.6%–9.5%; P &lt; .001); there was a decreasing trend in sedation by other providers who were not in emergency medicine, critical care, or anesthesiology (13.9%–3.9%; P &lt; .001). There was an increasing trend in the use of dexmedetomidine (6.3%–9.3%; P &lt; .001) and a decreasing trend in the use of chloral hydrate (6.3%–0.01%; P &lt; .001) and pentobarbital (7.3%–0.5%; P &lt; .001). Serious adverse events showed a nonsignificant increase overall (1.35%–1.75%).CONCLUSIONS:We report an increase in pediatric hospitalists providing sedation and a significant decrease in the use of chloral hydrate and pentobarbital by providers. Further studies are required to see if sedation services decrease costs and optimize resource use.
Optimization by RSM on rotary friction welding of AA1100 aluminum alloy and mild steel
Authors: Khalfallah F. , Boumerzoug Z. , Rajakumar S. , Raouache E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe objective of this work is to investigate the rotary friction welding of AA1100 aluminum alloy with mild steel, and to optimize the welding parameters of these dissimilar materials, such as friction pressure/time, forging pressure/time and rotational speed. The optimization of the welding parameters was deduced by applying Response Surface Methodology (RSM). An empirical relationship was also applied to predict the welding parameters. Tensile test and micro-hardness measurements were used to determine the mechanical properties of the welded joints. Some joints were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in order to investigate the formation of intermetallic compound (IMC) layer at the weld interface. Experimentally, the tensile strength of the weld increases with increasing the forging pressure/time, while the low level of forging pressure/time allows the formation of an IMC layer which reduces the tensile strength of the weld.
Symptoms of Anxiety and depression during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Paraguay
Authors: Rios-González Carlos Miguel , Palacios Jose Miguel 
Published: April 2020

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be stressful for some people. Fear and anxiety regarding illness can be overwhelming and generate strong emotions in both adults and children. For all the above research question arises as to determine the symptoms of anxiety and depression during the isolation period the outbreak of COVID-19 in Paraguay.
Methods: Cross-sectional study during the 17 to 20 March 2020 were surveyed every citizen resident in Paraguay, of both sexes, over 18 years of age, who agreed to participate in the study. To measure anxiety and depressive symptoms, the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (EADG) was used; This instrument consists of two subscales that make the level of anxiety and depression measurable separately, with only two possibilities of response; affirmative and negative.
Results: 1180 subjects participated in the study, of which 34.24% (404) were between 20 and 29 years old, 51.53 % (608) were female, 39.07 % (461) were married, 35.51 % (419) were university students and 63.73 % (752) were from the inside of the country. The 49.66% (586) presented anxiety symptoms and 47.20% (557) depressive symptoms.
Conclusions: a large proportion of the population presented anxious or depressive symptoms, which was seen in almost the same measure in both sexes, however, it occurred mainly at an older age and residents of the interior of the country.
Worldwide differences in COVID19-related mortality
Authors: Hallal Pedro 
Published: April 2020

Background: COVID-19 was declared pandemic on March 11. By April 18, over 150,000 people had died around the world. Here we compare mortality statistics due to COVID-19 worldwide, by adjusting for the size of the population and the stage of the pandemic.
Methods: Data from the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, and Our World in Data websites were used. Analyses are based on number of deaths per one million inhabitants. In order to account for the stage of the pandemic, the baseline date was defined as the day in which the 10th death was reported. The analyses included 78 countries and territories which reported 10 or more deaths by April 9.
Results: Mortality statistics varied remarkably worldwide. On day 10, India had 0.06 deaths per million, Belgium had 30.46 and San Marino 618.78. On day 20, India had 0.27 deaths per million, China had 0.71 and Spain 139.62. On day 30, four Asian countries had the lowest mortality figures, whereas eight European countries had the highest ones. In Italy and Spain, mortality on day 40 was greater than 250 per million, whereas in China and South Korea, mortality was below 4 per million. Mortality on day 10 was moderately correlated with life expectancy (rho 0.53; P<0.001), but not with population density (rho 0.12; P=0.31).
Conclusions: Asian countries presented much lower mortality figures as compared to European ones. Life expectancy was found to be correlated with mortality.
Victoria Trial: Vericiguat Joins the Big League, or Does it?
Authors: Coats Andrew 
Published: April 2020

The VICTORIA trial showed Vericiguat once daily (titrated up to 10 mg) significantly reduced its primary end-point, the composite of death from cardiovascular causes or first hospitalization for heart failure, in 5050 class II-IV HFrEF patients (LVEF<45%). This a land-mark trial, one of the largest we have seen in heart failure, and it had some very important novel features; it only recruited patients with a recent (within 6 months) worsening of their heart failure, a group known to be at increased risk of subsequent events, and it included more severe heart failure than most recent trials with NTproBNP levels nearly twice that of Paradigm-HF or DAPA-HF. VICTORIA had substantially higher mortality rate but an apparently less impressive hazard ratio (HR) 0.90 (0.82 – 0.98) compared to Paradigm’s 0.80 (0.73 – 0.87) and DAPA’s 0.74 (0.65 –0.85). This must be considered against a healthy absolute risk reduction at 4.2% compared to Paradigm’s 2.7% and DAPA’s 4.0%, due to the higher risk patients in VICTORIA. Another very important difference with VICTORIA is that it included the higher risk recently discharged HF patients, and patients eGFR’s down to 15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area, possibly suggesting a special place for Vericiguat in traetring these at-risk subsets of HFrEF patients, but for the fact that the cohort between 15 and 30mL/min/1.73m2 of eGFR was only around 10.0%, and the point estimate for the HR for this small group was above 1.0 at 1.06 (0.83-1.34). Aslo the sub-grouping by NTproBNP level was highly significantly interacting (p<0.001) with the lower three quartiles all being significantly in favour of Vericiguat and the highest quartile (>5,314 pg/mL) being almost significantly worse on Vericiguat with a HR of 1.16 (0.99-1.35). So the two major areas where Vericiguat may have received special notice appear to be less impressive when we look in detail at the trial results. How do we therefore place Vericiguat in the wake of VICTORIA? It is a proven therapy in a disease which still has residual high rates of clinical mortality and morbidity. It conveyed a benefit on top of other therapies, thus it should be not ignored and may indeed be a very effective therapy in some patients.
Cost variation analysis of oral anti-dyslipidaemic drugs available in Indian pharmaceutical market
Authors: Jain Shilpa , Marko J. L. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Dyslipidaemia is one of major risk factor contributing to cardiovascular disease, which further causes mortality and morbidity, so requires a long course of treatment. Physicians should be aware of the cost of drugs.Methods: Cost of the oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug, either as single drug or in combination manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies in the same strength and dosage form was obtained from current index of medical specialities (CIMS) April-July 2019. The difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies and percentage cost variation per 10 tablets was calculated.Results: In this study, existing findings showed a wide cost variation among different brands of the same oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug. Percentage cost variation for individual oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug was found to be highest with atorvastatin (80 mg film coated (FC) tablet): 358.84% followed by atorvastatin (5 mg FC tablet): 247%, fenofibrate (200 mg FC tablet): 134.22%, lovastatin (10 mg FC tablet): 108.56%, rosuvastatin (10 mg FC tablet): 78.60%, while lowest cost variation is seen with rosuvastatin 40 mg FC Tb: 1.598%. Among fixed dose combination therapy percentage cost variation was found to be highest with atorvastatin and fenofibrate (10 mg and 160 mg, FC tablet): 256%, followed by atorvastatin and ezetimibe (10 mg and 10 mg, tablet): 132.39%, while minimum cost variation was for rosuvastatin and fenofibrate (10 mg and 67 mg, tablet): 22.6%.Conclusions: These study findings showed that there is a wide variation in the cost of the same oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug. So, it is very necessary for regulatory authorities to regulate the wide variation in the cost, as well as physicians, should be sensitized to be aware of their cost variations to reduce the economic burden of drug-therapy to the patients.
A prospective observational study on feasibility of laparoscopic perforation repair in patients presenting with intestinal perforation at a tertiary care superspeciality hospital in Chhattisgarh
Authors: Taneja Deepak , Gupta Akash , Dave Sandeep , Tamaskar Siddharth 
Published: April 2020

Background: Bowel perforation is one of the common emergencies faced by the surgeons in the developing world. It carries a high morbidity and mortality rate even today. In the present era, laparoscopy is being used as a better treatment alternative across the world. Various reports in literature are now available regarding the feasibility of laparoscopic repair of bowel perforation. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of laparoscopic primary suture repair as the initial modality in treating a bowel perforation and to analyze the pattern of bowel perforation in relation to age, sex and etiology in Chhattisgarh state.Methods: This study included the data of relevant patients who got admitted in Ramkrishna Care Hospital Raipur from 1st October 2017 to 31st September 2019 (24 months).Results: Most commonly affected mean age group in this study was 39±15.82 years with male predominance. Statistically significant findings in favour of laparoscopic repair in our study were early return of bowel activity, less incidence of surgical site infection, early return to work (less hospital stay), less post-operative pain as compared to open surgery (p<0.05).Conclusions: In this study it was found that laparoscopy in patients with bowel perforation who are hemodynamically stable and present early (<72 hours) to the hospital is feasible and safe and gives many benefits including reduction in perioperative morbidity and mortality.
A rare case of obstructive ileus due to ileal pouch torsion: a case report and systematic review
Authors: P. Vrakopoulou Gavriella Zoi , Matiatou Maria A. , Larentzakis Andreas V. , Zografos George C. , Toutouzas Konstantinos G. 
Published: April 2020

Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) has become the standard surgical treatment for ulcerative colitis patients. Among others, it is important for clinicians to be aware of a rare, though urgent situation, the ileal pouch torsion. A high degree of suspicion is essential as obstruction due to pouch torsion is not likely to resolve conservatively. Delay in diagnosis and treatment can lead to pouch jeopardy and life-threatening complications. The aim of this study was to present a systematic review of the literature combined with the presentation of a case report of our department regarding this rare entity. A systematic literature review according to QUORUM guidelines was conducted in July 2019 using MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and COCHRANE databases. We included studies reporting pouch torsion after IPAA in English or German language with no restriction regarding publication time. Outcomes after different treatment options, such as operative pouch detorsion, and/or pouchpexy, and/or pouch reconstruction, and/or end-ileostomy through laparoscopic or open procedures were evaluated. We identified 170 publications. After duplicates and irrelevant articles have been excluded, 25 publications remained for full-text review. Finally, 12 articles were included in this systematic review, concerning 14 cases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive systematic review on this topic to date.
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with aberrant hepatic artery presenting as hepatic abscess: a case report
Authors: Li Bing , Wang Jingyuan , Gong Jianping 
Published: April 2020

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a primary hepatic malignancy that originates from epithelial cells of bile duct. Lack of diagnostic measures and therapies leads to an increasing number of deaths from ICC worldwide. Here we described a case of 61-year-old Chinese female, who initially presented with right upper quadrant pain, combined with the results that a low density mass accompanied by multiple nodules occupied the right liver lobe by CT-scan, which also showed an aberrant right hepatic artery that participated in the right liver lobe and origining from the superior mesenteric artery, this patient was clinically considered as hepatic abscess (HA). The patient’s right upper quadrant pain was alleviated after been treated with the infusion chemotherapy of the aberrant right hepatic artery (ARHA) via percutaneous femoral arterial catheterization by Seldinger technique (Meropenem 7 days) following the failure of the liver-puncture drainage. However, the right upper quadrant pain occurred again 6 days later, serum CA19-9>1000.0 U/ml, which indicated the possibility of hepatic malignancy, so we performed laparotomy. The histopathological result of intraoperative frozen section demonstrated cholangiocarcinoma, unfortunately, it was unresectable. Finally, right lower lung pneumonia and pleural empyema happened to her and she succumbed to respiratory failure 22 days following surgery. In this report, we will discuss the case with reference to the literature.
Hepatic hydatid cyst: a masquerader
Authors: Kanhaiya Krishan Kumar , Kandoriya Bhimsi , Pandey Vineet , Kumar Viresh , Neogi Sushanto 
Published: April 2020

Liver is the most common organ involved in echinococcosis. Organs affected by E granulosus are the liver (63%), lungs (25%) and muscles (5%). Rest of the organs are rarely affected. Adrenal cysts are uncommon. Their size may range widely and the origin of large adrenal cysts is often difficult to distinguish from other organs, including the kidney, pancreas, spleen, and liver. A large right-sided adrenal cystic mass can rarely be mistaken for a hepatic cyst by imaging. In this report, authors have described an adrenal cyst in a 28 year old lady, who was diagnosed preoperatively to have a hepatic hydatid cyst but intraoperatively it was found to be of adrenal origin. The size of the adrenal cyst can vary from a few millimetres up to 50 cm in diameter. Majority of the adrenal cysts are unilateral, while 8-10% of those cysts have been noted to be present bilaterally. The majority of cases are diagnosed between the 3rd and 6th decades. Although uncommon, Adrenal cyst should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis of upper abdominal cysts. Surgical excision is advisable when the cysts are symptomatic, greater than 5 cm in diameter and in the case of suspecting malignancy.
Corona kills corona: convalescent sera option for global war against corona virus disease 2019
Authors: . Babita , Punia Anita , Jha S. K. , Jangra Mahavir 
Published: April 2020

On December 31st, 2019 China reported first case of atypical pneumonia in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province. The causative virus was found to be a beta coronavirus, closely related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) from 2003 and similar to Sarbeco viruses isolated from bats. It was therefore termed SARS-CoV-2 and the disease was named corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The outbreak in Wuhan expanded quickly and led to the lockdown of Wuhan and other parts of China. While the lockdown, at least temporarily, brought the situation under control in China, but SARS-CoV-2 spread globally causing a pandemic with more than 4 lakh infections and about 19000 fatalities (as of March 25, 2020). Nucleic acid tests that detect the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome were quickly developed and are now widely employed to diagnose COVID-19.
Księgi jubileuszowe polskich parafii w Stanach Zjednoczonych jako źródło do badań naukowych
Authors: Furtak Maria Anna 
Published: April 2020

Amerykańska Polonia posiada bogatą historię i może poszczycić się wieloma osiągnięciami na różnych polach kultury. Wśród jej wytworów są tzw. jubilee books polskich parafii, powstające już od końca XIX wieku w celu upamiętnienia ważnych dla społeczności polskich wydarzeń. Te jubileuszowe publikacje odznaczają się bogactwem informacji i poruszają wiele zagadnień związanych z życiem parafii, właściwych także całej amerykańskiej Polonii. Z tego powodu stanowią źródło, cenne dla historyków, historyków sztuki, socjologów i innych badaczy zajmujących się tą polską diasporą.
Dlatego też celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie fenomenu jubilee books polskich parafii w Stanach Zjednoczonych, tego czym są, z jakich powodów powstawały i jakie są ich cechy charakterystyczne, jak również określenie ich roli w dzisiejszej nauce.
Z Dalekiego Wschodu na Bliski Wschód, do Afryki Północnej i Europy. Polacy z Mandżurii w szeregach Wojska Polskiego w latach 1939-1945
Authors: Borysiewicz Mariusz 
Published: April 2020

Historia Polaków wywodzących się z Mandżurii, którzy brali udział w kampanii wrześniowej, a także w walkach Samodzielnej Brygady Strzelców Karpackich, jak i innych jednostek Polskich Sił Zbrojnych na Zachodzie, to nie tylko niezwykle chlubna karta dziejów Polonii mandżurskiej, lecz również oręża polskiego oraz narodu polskiego walczącego o swoje przetrwanie w szczególnie ciężkich warunkach II wojny światowej. Bohaterska postawa wielu Polaków z Mandżurii walczących w Wojsku Polskim jest tym bardziej godna uwagi, że część z nich znała Polskę wyłącznie z opowiadań swoich rodziców bądź nauczycieli, mimo to po jej upadku w 1939 r. byli oni gotowi do walki o jej wyzwolenie.
The Activity of the W.R.S.-N.C.W.C. American Catholic Social and Charity Organization During the War and Post-War Period
Authors: Nir Roman 
Published: April 2020

Działalność Amerykańskiej Katolickiej Organizacji w czasie wojny i w okresie powojennym
Celem tego artykułu jest przedstawienie ogólnego zarysu działalności Amerykańskiej Katolickiej Organizacji Charytatywnej i Społecznej – War Relief Services-National Catholic Welfare Conference, a także jej wybranych aspektów w niektórych krajach podczas drugiej wojny światowej i kolejnych lat. Ma on zachęcić innych badaczy do podjęcia dalszych badań na ten temat.
Emigracyjna polityka ograniczania skutków komunistycznej propagandy. Wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Zapart Robert 
Published: April 2020

Narzuconemu Polsce siłą przez obce mocarstwa nowemu ładowi politycznemu towarzyszyło prowadzone przez władze komunistyczne „zmiękczanie” społeczeństwa logicznymi argumentami, które miały wykazać zasadność wprowadzonych rozwiązań przebudowujących przedwojenne pojęcia związane z racją stanu, a więc nadrzędnością określonych interesów państwa nad innymi wartościami publicznymi i prywatnymi, w tym między innymi jego suwerennością, niezależnością i pozycją w stosunkach międzynarodowych. Wdrażany przez nie konsekwentnie, dostosowany do każdego wieku i poziomu intelektualnego przekaz, miał ukształtować nowego człowieka, będącego namacalną personifikacją przyszłych zwycięstw systemu. Odcięcie jednostek od obiektywnych źródeł informacji, a zatem podstawowych wartości intelektualnej egzystencji w przestrzeni publicznej, z jednoczesnym poddawaniem ich nieustającemu naciskowi nowości doktrynalnych, w tym choćby najbardziej nonsensownych twierdzeń, skutkować miało w dłuższej perspektywie zatraceniem przez nie poczucia prawdy i przyjęciem monopolistycznych, zmanipulowanych na ideologiczny użytek przekazów o rzeczywistości. Próbowały metodologicznie przeciwdziałać tej inżynierii społecznej władze RP na uchodźstwie oraz elity emigracyjnego dziennikarstwa, których wysiłki w tym zakresie zostały przybliżone w artykule.
Przedmiotem porównawczej analizy naukowej były mechanizmy i instrumenty oddziaływania propagandy komunistycznej na polskie społeczeństwo oraz przyjęte przez polityczne elity środowisk wychodźczych metody przeciwdziałania tym niekorzystnym dla niej zjawiskom. Jej część stanowiła również konfrontacja dwóch przeciwstawnych sobie publikacji, autorstwa krajowego polityka – Adama Rapackiego oraz emigracyjnego publicysty – Józefa Kisielewskiego. W podsumowaniach autor zwrócił uwagę, że głównym problemem, z którym nie mogło uporać się przymusowe wychodźstwo, była postępująca i niepokonywalna ówcześnie ideologiczna izolacja Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej od rządzącej się według zasad demokracji zachodniej części kontynentu, a w ślad za tym – poważne ograniczenie możliwości wpływania na indoktrynacyjny przekaz ze strony bazującego na sowieckich doświadczeniach przeciwnika politycznego. W jego ocenie analiza zastosowanych w ubiegłym wieku mechanizmów propagandowego ubezwłasnowolniania społeczeństwa i wybranych środków przeciwdziałania temuż ograniczającemu podmiotowość suwerena zagrożeniu, pozwoli wyeliminować lub ograniczyć na przyszłość zapędy potencjalnych naśladowców minionych elit przywódczych.