bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of Copper Ions and Nucleotide Generates Aggregates from Prion Protein Fragments in the N-Terminal Domain
Authors: Shiraishi Noriyuki , Hirano Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2020

Background:
It has been previously found that PrP23-98, which contains four highly
conserved octarepeats (residues 60-91) and one partial repeat (residues 92-96), polymerizes into
amyloid-like and proteinase K-resistant spherical aggregates in the presence of NADPH plus
copper ions.

Objective:
We aimed to determine the requirements for the formation of these aggregates.

Methods:
In this study, we performed an aggregation experiment using N-acetylated and Camidated
PrP fragments of the N-terminal domain, Octa1, Octa2, Octa3, Octa4, PrP84−114, and
PrP76−114, in the presence of NADPH with copper ions, and focused on the effect of the number of
copper-binding sites on aggregation.

Results:
Among these PrP fragments, Octa4, containing four copper-binding sites, was particularly
effective in forming aggregates. We also tested the effect of other pyridine nucleotides and adenine
nucleotides on the aggregation of Octa4. ATP was equally effective, but NADH, NADP, ADP, and
AMP had no effect.

Conclusion:
The phosphate group on the adenine-linked ribose moiety of adenine nucleotides and
pyridine nucleotides is presumed to be essential for the observed effect on aggregation. Efficient
aggregation requires the presence of the four octarepeats. These insights may be helpful in the
eventual development of therapeutic agents against prion-related disorders.
Biosynthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Biological Properties of Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Nothapodytes foetida Leaf Extract
Authors: Datkhile Kailas D. , Durgavale Pratik P. , Patil Madhavi N. , Jagdale Nilam J. , Deshmukh Vinit N. 
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives:
Biogenic nanomaterials are recently being researched in
biomedicine for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor performance. In
this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were biologically synthesized using Nothapodytes foetida
(N. foetida), a camptothecin producing plant, to evaluate its potent cytotoxic activity against cancer
cells and antimicrobial activities against human pathogenic bacteria.

Methods:
The AuNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The antimicrobial activity of
AuNPs was determined by conducting the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay on gram
positive and gram negative bacteria, whereas cytotoxicity against cancer cells was assessed
through the MTT assay and genotoxicity was assayed by DNA fragmentation.

Results:
TEM and DLS results showed the synthesis of 20-200 nm sized M. foetida AuNPs
(NFAuNPs). The NFAuNPs exerted growth inhibitory effects on gram negative bacteria with the
MIC for the inhibition of Eschericia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa being 0.15 mg/mL and 0.25
mg/mL respectively. The cytotoxicity results indicated that the sublethal concentrations of
NFAuNPs for inhibiting 50% of cell growth (IC50) of cancer cells including HeLa, MCF-7 and
HCT-15 after 48 h of exposure were 7.2, 9.67 and 5.28 μg/mL respectively. DNA fragmentation in
cells exposed to 10-75 μg/mL of NFAuNP concentrations revealed their genotoxic effects.

Conclusion:
The study revealed the biogenic synthesis of AuNPs using the N. foetida plant extract
and its biological potential as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent.
Formation and Characterization of Dispersed Mixed Iron-titanium Oxide Systems by Electrochemical Method
Authors: Dresvyannikov Alexander F. , Grigoryeva Irina O. , Salemgaraeva Leniza R. 
Published: February 2020

Aims:
Anodic polarization behavior of a combined iron-titanium electrode (two metals in
electrical contact with each other) in aqueous solutions containing halide ions (F- and Cl-) was studied.

Methods:
he joint anodic dissolution of titanium and iron with subsequent thermal treatment makes
it possible to obtain precursors of a highly dispersed mixed oxide system Fe2O3-TiO2. The phase and
elemental composition and structural characteristics of obtained products were examined using X-ray
diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. It has been experimentally confirmed that via changing
the anode current density, hydrofluoric acid concentration in electrolyte and ratio of the working
surface area of contacting metals, it is possible to effectively control the rate of anodic reactions and
phase composition and morphology of anodic oxidation products for iron and titanium components in
a combined electrode.

Results:
The main results of this study are as follows: Electrochemical method for the synthesis of
complex dispersed oxide system Fe2O3-TiO2 based on joint anodic oxidation of contacting metals in
aqueous media was suggested. Relationships between parameters of the electrochemical process and
characteristics of the synthesized oxide system were revealed.

Conclusion:
By varying the parameters of the electrolysis process, it is possible to prepare complex
oxyhydroxides with different ratios of iron and titanium, which makes it possible to synthesize
precursors of iron titanates of preset composition and structure.
Modelling and Simulation of Energy Supply System of Photovoltaic Hybrid RTG Cranes
Authors: Li Feiyu , Niu Wangqiang , Chen Dawei 
Published: February 2020

Background:
In marine ports, the task of loading, unloading, and stacking containers is
completed by Rubber-Tired Gantry (RTG) cranes. How to make the RTG cranes work efficiently
and reduce their emissions, is a hot research topic.

Objective:
Because current RTG cranes still need a large capacity of diesel engine for energy supply,
renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, are introduced to reduce further the capacity of
the diesel engine.

Methods:
A photovoltaic hybrid power supply system for RTG cranes is proposed. A
MATLAB/Simulink simulation model for the crane with a 10kW solar panel is built, and a power
predictive control method is proposed to realize Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). The
power variation of photovoltaic panels under different irradiance is studied.

Results:
The simulation results show that the proposed MPPT control method is better than the other
two perturb and observe methods. When the irradiance changes cause the photovoltaic output to
vary, the lithium battery changes its output correspondingly to compensate for the photovoltaic
change, and the load power is still met. The capacity of the diesel engine is 40 kW, which is smaller
than the former 50 kW one. Based on the irradiance condition in Shanghai, China, the RTG crane
can have an 11.4 % fuel reduction yearly by introducing the photovoltaic system.

Conclusions:
The results show that it is feasible to add the photovoltaic system into the RTG crane,
which can reduce the capacity and emissions of the diesel engine.
Bouwen aan jezelf door te bouwen voor een ander. Een architecturale analyse van de graven uit de noordelijke begraafplaats van Ayios Vasilios
Authors: van den Beld Youp 
Published: February 2020

Building on yourself to build for another: An architectural analysis of the graves from the North Cemetery of Ayios Vasilios.
For this paper I have systematically examined the construction process of the tombs from the North Cemetery of Ayios Vasilios (Laconia, Greece) using a method called architectural energetics. This method of analysis translates an architectural unit into labour costs. The calculated workhours have been combined with a precedence diagram in order to closely examine the level of human interaction, rather than to just compare labour costs. The study concludes that the transportation of the building materials that were used for the tombs was the most labour-intensive task. It also concludes that the materials that came from farthest away seem to have played the biggest role in the creation of meaning in the funerary rituals. Furthermore, two distinct strategies of construction were identified, one that focussed on scale, using low-cost materials that would have been locally available, and one that focussed on elaboration, using high-cost materials that must have come from elsewhere. The high-cost materials are theorized to have been involved in the creation of social networks among groups.
Kontribusi PT. Telkom dalam Pengembangan UMKM Perkotaan di Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Fauziyah Cika , Priyambodo Tri Kuntoro , Giyarsih Sri Rum 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi PT. Telkom dalam pengembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah perkotaan dan implikasinya terhadap ketahanan wirausaha ekonomi pemuda. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, kategorisasi, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT. Telkom telah berkontribusi terhadap pengembangan UMKM perkotaan yaitu : memberikan informasi secara cepat, memberikan akses pasar melalui pameran/promosi, memberikan jangkauan pelayanan yang luas, dan memberikan akses untuk peluang bisnis. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa UMKM perkotaan berimplikasi untuk peningkatkan ketahanan wirausaha ekonomi pemuda dalam hal : memiliki jiwa kreatif dan pantang menyerah, memiliki daya saing yang tinggi, meningkatnya kemandirian ekonomi pemuda, meningkatnya kesempatan kerja, bertambah majunya usaha yang ditekuni pelaku UMKM perkotaan, dan meningkatnya keterampilan pemasaran online pelaku UMKM perkotaan. This study aimed to determine the contributions of PT. Telkom to the development of urban Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and their implications in the entrepreneurial resilience of youth economy. This qualitative descriptive research employed in-depth interview, observation, and documentation for data acquisition. The data analysis involved several steps, namely data reduction, categorization, display, and conclusion. The results affirmed several contributions of PT. Telkom to the development of urban MSMEs, namely the provisions of : quick information, access to market through exhibition/promotion, a wide range of services, and access to business opportunities. This research also found that the urban MSMEs had implications in the entrepreneurial resilience of youth economy. For instance, the application has successfully increased creativity and tenacity, high competitiveness, economic independence, job opportunities by improving the business run by the urban MSMEs, and the online marketing skills of the urban MSMEs.
Perbandingan Akurasi Metode Inverse Distance Weighting dan Kriging dalam Pemetaan Kedalaman Muka Airtanah
Authors: Sejati Sadewa Purba 
Published: February 2020

Setiap metode interpolasi spasial yang disediakan oleh sitem informasi geografis (SIG) memiliki akurasi yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu pengetahuan terhadap akurasi metode tersebut sangat diperlukan oleh pengguna SIG. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan akurasi metode interpolasi spasial inverse distance weighting (IDW) dan Kriging untuk menghasilkan informasi kedalaman muka airtanah. Penelitian ini menggunakan 65 data primer kedalaman muka airtanah yang diperoleh dengan metode systematic random sampling. Hasil interpolasi setiap metode kemudian dibandingkan tingkat akurasinya, yaitu dengan melihat nilai root mean square error (RMSE) dan persentase kesesuaian sampel validator terhadap model yang dihasilkan. Pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa model interpolasi terbaik pada metode Kriging diperoleh melalui varian Ordinary Kriging. Metode tersebut menghasilkan model dengan nilai RMSE sebesar 2,98 dan kesesuaian sampel validator sebesar 50%. Sedangkan model interpolasi terbaik pada metode IDW diperoleh melalui parameter power (p) dengan nilai 3. Metode tersebut mengasilkan model interpolasi dengan nilai RMSE sebesar 3,233 dengan kesesuaian sampel validator sebesar 40%. Berdasarkan perbandingan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa metode Kriging lebih akurat jika dibandingkan dengan metode IDW karena menghasilkan nilai RMSE yang lebih kecil dan persentase kesesuaian sampel validator terdahap model interpolasi lebih besar. Every spatial interpolation method provided by geographic information system (GIS) has different accuracy. Therefore, it’s very necessary for GIS users to know the accuracy of every method. This study was performed to determine the comparison of accuracy of inverse distance weighting (IDW) and Kriging spatial interpolation methods to produce information on depth to water table. This study used 65 primary data of depth to water table obtained using systematic random sampling method. The interpolation result of the accuracy of every method was compared by assessing root mean square error (RMSE) and percentage of consistency of validator sample with the resulting model. Data processing showed that the best interpolation method of Kriging was Ordinary Kriging variance. The method produced a model with RMSE value of 2.98 and validator sample consistency of 50%. The best interpolation method of IDW method used power (p) parameter with a value of 3. The method produced an interpolation model with RMSE value of 3.233 and validator sample consistency of 40%. Based on the comparison, it was concluded that Kriging method was more accurate than IDW method because it had smaller RMSE value and bigger percentage of validator sample consistency to interpolation model.
Sebaran Potensi Kekeringan Meteorologis di Daerah Aliran Sungai Bengawan Solo Bagian Hulu dan Upaya Penanggulangannya
Authors: Auliyani Diah , Wahyuningrum Nining 
Published: February 2020

Variabilitas hujan menyebabkan setiap wilayah berpotensi mengalami kekeringan. Waduk Gajah Mungkur telah berkontribusi menanggulangi kekeringan di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Bengawan Solo, namun pengelolaannya menghadapi ancaman pendangkalan akibat erosi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi potensi kekeringan di DAS Bengawan Solo bagian hulu, dan mengidentifikasi penyebab pendangkalan Waduk Gajah Mungkur untuk upaya penanggulangannya. Standardized precipitation index (SPI) dari 93 stasiun hujan menunjukkan nilai bervariasi mulai -2,621 (amat sangat kering) hingga 7,689 (amat sangat basah). Kekeringan meteorologis yang terjadi berdurasi antara 1-7 bulan. Wonogiri merupakan kabupaten yang paling sering terpapar kekeringan. Karena ancaman pendangkalan, pembangunan Waduk Gajah Mungkur menjadi kurang efektif dalam menanggulangi kekeringan yang terjadi. Berdasarkan metode Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), erosi yang terjadi di hulu berperan terhadap pengurangan volume waduk. Beberapa upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menjaga daya tampung waduk adalah pengerukan secara berkala, revegetasi. dan pengolahan lahan yang tepat. Revegetasi dan pengolahan lahan yang tepat dapat dilakukan terutama di daerah dengan tingkat bahaya erosi berat dan sangat sangat berat. Pencegahan pendangkalan waduk ini diharapkan dapat menjaga kontinuitas ketersediaan sumber daya air. Rainfall variability causes every region to experience drought. Gajah Mungkur Reservoir has contributed to the drought prevention in Bengawan Solo Watershed, but its management faces the threat of siltation for soil erosion. This study were aimed to identify potential droughts in the upstream Bengawan Solo Watershed and to identify the causes of siltation in the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir for its prevention efforts. Standardized precipitation index (SPI) of 93 rainfall stations varies from -2,621 (extremely drought) to 7,689 (extremely wet). The meteorological drought duration was between 1 to 7 month. Wonogiri is the most drought-exposed. For the threat of silting, the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir has become less effective in dealing with the drought. Based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method, soil erosion in the upstream contributes to the reduction in reservoir volume. Some efforts that should be done to maintain reservoir capacity are periodic dredging, revegetation. and proper land management. Revegetation and proper land management can be carried out in areas with severe and very severe erosion hazards. Prevention of silting of reservoirs is expected to maintain water resources availability.
Kajian Daya Dukung Lahan dan Keberlanjutan Pertanian di Desa Duren Kecamatan Bandungan Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Sudrajat Sudrajat , Suhendra Suhendra , Mawardani Arifia 
Published: February 2020

Daya dukung lahan pertanian merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam menentukan keberlanjutan pertanian. Hal ini terjadi karena tanpa adanya dukungan lahan pertanian maka keberlanjutan pertanian tidak akan dapat dipertahankan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji daya dukung lahan pertanian dan keberlanjutan pertanian di Desa Duren Kecamatan Bandungan Semarang. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 92 rumahtangga tani secara random sampling. Data terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Pengukuran daya dukung lahan pertanian dilakukan secara kuantitatif, sedangkan pengukuran keberlanjutan pertanian dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan skala likerts dan dianalisis dengan metode kuartil (Q). Hasil analisis daya dukung lahan pertanian menunjukkan bahwa lahan pertanian tidak lagi mendukung terhadap kehidupan petani, namun dari sisi keberlanjutannya masih menunjukkan tinggi. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil analisis keberlanjutan pertanian, dari 5 (lima) dimensi keberlanjutan, hanya 1 (satu) dimensi yang tergolong rendah yaitu dimensi sosal, sedangkan dimensi ekonomi, dimensi lingkungan, dimensi kelembagaan dan dimensi teknologi masih tergolong tinggi dalam mendukung keberlanjutan pertanian. Carrying capacity of agricultural land is one important component in determining agricultural sustainability. This happens because without the carrying capacity of agricultural land, the sustainability of agriculture will not be maintained. Based on this, this research was conducted with the aim for analyze the carrying capacity of agricultural land and agricultural sustainability in the Duren Village Bandungan District, Semarang. The number of samples taken was 92 farming households by random sampling. Data consists of primary data and secondary data. Measurement of the carrying capacity of agricultural land is done quantitatively, while the measurement of agricultural sustainability is done qualitatively with a Likerts scale and analyzed by the quartile (Q) method. The results of the analysis of the carrying capacity of agricultural land indicate that agricultural land no longer supports the lives of farmers, but in terms of sustainability it still shows high. This can be seen from the results of the analysis of agricultural sustainability, from 5 (five) dimensions of sustainability, only 1 (one) dimension which is classified as low namely social dimension, while the economic dimension, environmental dimension, institutional dimension and technological dimension are still relatively high in supporting agricultural sustainability.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI ASAM ASETAT DAN WAKTU EKSTRAKSI TERHADAP MUTU KOLAGEN KULIT NILA HITAMPENGARUH KONSENTRASI ASAM ASETAT DAN WAKTU EKSTRAKSI TERHADAP MUTU KOLAGEN KULIT NILA HITAM
Authors: Sahubawa Latif , Putra A.B. Naro 
Published: February 2020

The objective of the research was studied the effect of acetic acid concentration and extraction time on the collagen quality of black tilapia leather. Black tilapia leather processed into collagen as an alternative to increasing value-added of fisheries industry waste. Collagen of black tilapia was extracted by the treatment of acetic acid molarity, each: 0.25 M, 0.50 M, and 0.75 M (A factor) and extraction time of 16 and 48 hours (B factor). Based on the analysis of variance, is known that the interaction of those treatments (AB) didn’t significantly effect on the yield (p>0.05). Collagen extraction of tilapia leather with 0.75 M of acetic acid at 16 hours, produces the greatest yield (5.97%), with denaturation temperature is 35.75oC, and quantitative composition of glisine, alanine, and glutamic amino acids were: 5395.82 ppm (52.99%), 2979.15 ppm (22.08%), and 1684.42 ppm (7.45%). Based on the analysis of SDS-PAGE, is known that the collagen contained were α component and β component, so that collagen of tilapia leather has type I collagen.
KAJIAN METODE DETEKSI DEGRADASI HUTAN MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SATELIT LANDSAT DI HUTAN LAHAN KERING TAMAN NASIONAL HALIMUN SALAK
Authors: Nugroho Sigit , Jaya I Nengah Surati , Saleh M. Buce , Wijanarto Antonius B 
Published: February 2020

The study examined detection method of forest degradation using forest canopy density (FCD), maximum likelihood, fuzzy and belief dempster shafer classification method. Accuracy evaluation of classification and detection were based on overall accuracy which obtained from 51 ground sample plot. Canopy density, LAI, crown indicator, trees density and basal area (Lbds) were conducted as field indicators. Accuracy of classification among forest density (trees/Ha) with four classification methods were FCD 61%, maximum likelihood 57%, fuzzy 51% and belief dempster shafer 49%. Based on temporal detection accuracy from 2003 until 2008, FCD had overall accuracy 68 %. The result of research, FCD is the best method to detect of forest degradation.
KONSERVASI MATA AIR BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI UNIT FISIOGRAFI PEGUNUNGAN BATURAGUNG, LEDOK WONOSARI DAN PERBUKITAN KARST GUNUNG SEWU, KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Sudarmadji Sudarmadji , Suprayogi Slamet , Widyastuti M. , Harini Rika 
Published: February 2020

Spring is as one of the water resources potential that can not be ignored. Gunungkidul district has three physiographic units: Baturagung Hills, Wonosari Basin and Gunung Sewu Karst Hills. All of them affect the distribution of springs in the Gunungkidul Regency. On the other hand, physiography will affect the community adaptation to the environment. It will contribute to the springs conservation effort. The purposes of this research are: 1) to identify the characteristics of springs, 2) to analyze the community participation in conserving the springs as basic information to develop spring conservation models. To identify the socio-economic characteristics and the springs characteristics in the research areas use a survey method. Unit sampling and analysis is done purposively based on three zones: Baturagung Hills, Wonosari Basin and Gunung Sewu Karst Hills. Socio-economic survey was done by sampling on the 90 respondents, divided into 3 zones through direct interviews using quetionare. Quantitative descriptive analysis was performed through statistical tests. The results show that the quality of spring water in all physiographic zones meet to the water quality standard, except those for colli bacteria. The discharge of karst springs in the hills of Gunung Sewu greater than the discharge of the two other zones. The springs distribution is more in Wonosari Basin and Karst Hills of Gunung Sewu than Baturagung Hills. The level of the community participation in springs conservation is mostly done in groups through user spring groups. Generally, socio-economic factors affect to the level of participation in prevention of springs damage.