bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microencapsulation optimization of cinnamon essential oil in the matrices of gum Arabic, maltodextrin, and inulin by spray‐drying using mixture design
Authors: Shahidi Noghabi Mostafa , Molaveisi Mohammad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA simple centroid mixture design was used to optimize the ratio of the wall materials for the production of the cinnamon essential oil microcapsules by spray‐drying. Gum Arabic (GA), maltodextrin (MD), and inulin (IN) were used as wall materials. Four parameters were evaluated as responses, containing the surface cinnamaldehyde, the encapsulation efficiency of cinnamaldehyde, the release of cinnamaldehyde (RC), and powder recovery (PR). The cinnamon essential oil was purely formed of cinnamaldehyde (about 99.96%), based on results obtained from the gas chromatography device. The multiple response optimization analysis showed that the optimum compound concentration for walls will be 27.87% wt/wt GA, 27.59% MD, and 44.53% IN. It can be concluded that the optimal compound was suitable to the RC in the mouth medium due to its Tg. The microscopy images of the optimal compound showed a smooth surface, spherical, and slight crack in the microparticles. Furthermore, the optimum compound improved the stability of antioxidant activity compared to the pure oil during 30 days storage. It was observed that the Fickian diffusion was the main mechanism involved in the release process of the microencapsulated cinnamon essential oil in the mouth medium.Practical ApplicationsIn the food industry, the major aromatic components utilized are essential oils, synthetic flavoring agents, and natural oleoresin. The key constituent of cinnamon essential oil is cinnamaldehyde. Cinnamaldehyde is often used as a flavoring agent, but its importance as a natural antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiseptic agent has recently been established. The knowledge of encapsulation techniques allows the control of the bioactive components, the release time, and the dosage of essential oil in the structure of the food. Moreover, the encapsulation of essential oils helps to reduce the oxidation of process by exposure to the environment, increasing the shelf life and the solubility. The results of this work lead to the use of flavored components for implementation in similar products, thereby improving their flavor.
Intraoperative Use of Functional MRI for Surgical Decision Making after Limited or Infeasible Electrocortical Stimulation Mapping
Authors: Rigolo Laura , Essayed Walid Ibn , Tie Yanmei , Norton Isaiah , Mukundan Srinivasan , Golby Alexandra 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is becoming widely recognized as a key component of preoperative neurosurgical planning, although intraoperative electrocortical stimulation (ECS) is considered the gold standard surgical brain mapping method. However, acquiring and interpreting ECS results can sometimes be challenging. This retrospective study assesses whether intraoperative availability of fMRI impacted surgical decision‐making when ECS was problematic or unobtainable.METHODSRecords were reviewed for 191 patients who underwent presurgical fMRI with fMRI loaded into the neuronavigation system. Four patients were excluded as a bur‐hole biopsy was performed. Imaging was acquired at 3 Tesla and analyzed using the general linear model with significantly activated pixels determined via individually determined thresholds. fMRI maps were displayed intraoperatively via commercial neuronavigation systems.RESULTSSeventy‐one cases were planned ECS; however, 18 (25.35%) of these procedures were either not attempted or aborted/limited due to: seizure (10), patient difficulty cooperating with the ECS mapping (4), scarring/limited dural opening (3), or dural bleeding (1). In all aborted/limited ECS cases, the surgeon continued surgery using fMRI to guide surgical decision‐making. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative deficits between cases with completed ECS and those with limited/aborted ECS.CONCLUSIONSPreoperative fMRI allowed for continuation of surgery in over one‐fourth of patients in which planned ECS was incomplete or impossible, without a significantly different incidence of postoperative deficits compared to the patients with completed ECS. This demonstrates additional value of fMRI beyond presurgical planning, as fMRI data served as a backup method to ECS.
Perceived Parenting Styles and Values Development: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents and Emerging Adults
Authors: Williams Kathryn E. , Ciarrochi Joseph 
Published: December 2019

This study explored parenting styles and values internalization. Perceived parenting styles were measured in Grade 7 (n = 749) and Grade 12 (n = 468), and values were measured in Grade 12 (n = 271) and one year postschool (n = 291). We measured three aspects of valuing: priority (extrinsic, intrinsic importance); regulation (controlled, autonomous); and successful enactment of values (success). Mothers’ authoritative parenting in Grade 7 predicted increased importance and autonomous regulation of values one year postschool. Fathers’ authoritative parenting in Grade 7 predicted decreased importance of extrinsic values. Fathers’ permissive parenting in Grade 7 predicted decreased importance of intrinsic values. Authoritarian parenting in Grade 12 predicted more controlled values regulation postschool, particularly for extrinsic values. Parenting in early and late adolescence predicts values internalization in emerging adulthood.
The experience of donating and receiving a kidney: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Rota‐Musoll Laura , Subirana‐Casacuberta Mireia , Oriol‐Vila Ester , Homs‐Del Valle Mercè , Molina‐Robles Esmeralda , Brigidi Serena 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYBackgroundThe experiences described by people who have undergone kidney transplant are complex. Understanding how donors and recipients experience kidney transplantation can help us to design strategies that provide a more person‐centred health care.ObjectivesTo review articles that report the experiences of donors and recipients in the living‐donor kidney transplantation process.MethodA systematic review of qualitative studies was carried out. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases were used to search for articles published in English, French and Spanish between 2005 and 2018.ResultsTwenty‐nine articles were included in this review. For recipients, receiving a kidney is a positive experience (positive feelings and significant experience) that also involves certain difficulties and stressors (making a difficult decision, fears and worries). The experience of the donors is positive as they are motivated to improve the life of the recipient. They are committed to donating and use coping strategies as well as experiencing personal growth. On the contrary, being a donor involves certain difficulties and stressors (personal investment, mental, physical and economic impact and overcoming opposition) and a perception of deficiency in the health system (lack of information and attentiveness).ConclusionDonating and receiving a kidney is a positive experience that involves certain difficulties and a variety of stressors for both the donors and recipients. Moreover, the donors note deficiencies in the health system.
Effect of helmet therapy in the treatment of positional head deformity
Authors: Wen Juan , Qian Jun , Zhang Lei , Ji Chenbo , Guo Xirong , Chi Xia , Tong Meiling 
Published: December 2019

AimMost positional head deformities can be treated conservatively with postural correction training or a head orthosis (‘helmet’). We aimed to investigate whether infants with helmet therapy have cosmetic improvement in head deformity.MethodsA total of 376 infants at age 2–40 months who were diagnosed with mild–moderate–severe positional head deformity were enrolled. Among these infants, 101 infants were treated with helmet therapy or postural correction training. After matching by infant's age and time of therapy, three retrospective cohort studies of 56 infants were conducted for infants with plagiocephaly, brachycephaly and asymmetrical brachycephaly, respectively. The cephalic ratio (CR), radial symmetry index (RSI), cranial vault asymmetry (CVA) and cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) were compared between two groups before and after treatment.ResultsBefore treatment, no significant differences in CR, RSI, CVA and CVAI between groups were found. After treatment, compared with the postural correction training group, the helmet therapy group had significant improvements in CR, RSI, CVA or CVAI (Plagiocephaly: PCVA = 0.017, PCVAI = 0.028; Brachycephaly: PCR = 0.002; Asymmetrical brachycephaly: PRSI = 0.002, PCVA < 0.001, PCVAI < 0.001). Moreover, there was no significant difference in head circumference growth between the groups.ConclusionsHelmet therapy may be more effective in the treatment of mild–moderate–severe positional head deformity than postural correction training in infants. And helmet therapy may not hinder head circumference growth.
Effects of acupuncture on obstructive sleep apnea severity, blood pressure control and quality of life in patients with hypertension: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Silva Marcus Vinícius F. P. , Lustosa Thais C. , Arai Victor J. , Couto Patriota Tarcya L. G. , Lira Maria P. F. , Lins‐Filho Ozeas L. , Chalegre Sintya T. , B.B.A.S. Kamilla , Secundo Isaac V. , Pedrosa Rodrigo P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition among patients with hypertension and treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can decrease blood pressure (BP). However, CPAP is not well tolerated by a significant proportion of patients. The authors investigated the effects of acupuncture on OSA severity and BP control in patients with hypertension. Hypertensive patients with mild to moderate OSA (apnea–hypopnea index, 5–30 events/hr) were randomly assigned to receive acupuncture or sham‐acupuncture treatment. Patients were assessed at baseline and after 10 acupuncture sessions using polysomnography, 24‐hr ambulatory BP monitoring and a quality of life questionnaire. Forty‐four patients (34% men; mean age, 57.0 ± 5.4 years; body mass index, 29.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2; apnea–hypopnea index, 16.3 ± 6.7 events/hr) completed the study. There were no differences in pre–post‐intervention apnea–hypopnea index, daytime or nocturnal BP, or quality of life between the acupuncture and sham‐acupuncture groups (p > .05). Acupuncture therapy in hypertensive patients with OSA did not reduce OSA severity, daytime or nocturnal BP, or quality of life.
A moderated mediation model of the link between counterfactual processing at bedtime and insomnia diagnosis: The role of depressive symptoms and nocturnal maladaptive strategies of mental control
Authors: Lebrun Cindy , Gély‐Nargeot Marie‐Christine , Bayard Sophie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between bedtime counterfactual thoughts, depressive symptoms, nocturnal counterproductive thought‐control strategies and insomnia disorder. Six hundred and fifty adults from the general population were recruited and provided data on their counterfactual thoughts' frequency at bedtime, depressive symptoms and use of nocturnal maladaptive strategies of thought control. In addition, all participants followed a face‐to‐face clinical interview for the diagnosis of insomnia disorder. A model positing moderated mediation was tested using conditional process modelling. Overall, 19% of participants met diagnostic criteria for a chronic insomnia diagnosis. Bootstrapped mediation analyses indicated that the association of bedtime counterfactual processing and insomnia diagnosis is mediated by depressive symptoms (B = 0.035, SE = 0.007, bootstrapped 95% CI = 0.023, 0.051). Furthermore, the effects of such a mediation model were significantly larger among individuals with high levels of aggressive suppression than those with low levels of aggressive suppression (B = 0.002, SE = 0.001, bootstrapped 95% CI = 0.001, 0.004). A second model in which a worry strategy moderates the relationship between bedtime counterfactual processing and depressive symptoms was not statistically significant (B = 0.0036, SE = 0.013, p = .78). The present study adds to the literature on the importance of self‐attacking thoughts and negative affects at bedtime. We recommend the evaluation of the impact of adding self‐attacks management strategies to cognitive behavior therapy for individuals with an insomnia disorder.
Re‐treatment for severe hepatitis flare in HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B: An appraisal with combined HBsAg/ALT kinetics
Authors: Chien Rong‐Nan , Liaw Yun‐Fan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo test the concept that off‐therapy hepatitis flares with increasing qHBsAg require immediate re‐treatment whereas re‐treatment can be held or not necessary for those with decreasing qHBsAg, pre‐retreatment combined HBsAg/ALT kinetics were classified in 22 patients with severe hepatitis flare (ALT > 30X ULN) and checked against their clinical response and qHBsAg changes during entecavir re‐treatment. Timely re‐treatment in 16 patients with increasing qHBsAg during hepatitis flare (Pattern I HBV/ALT kinetics) not only improved hepatitis and rescued impending/ensuring hepatic decompensation but also led to ‘rapid HBsAg decline’ with 14 patients showing HBsAg decline >1‐4 log10 IU/mL within 12 months. In contrast, re‐treatment in 6 patients with decreasing qHBsAg (Pattern II) resulted in small HBsAg decline in one patient and initial further HBsAg decline but rebound to pre‐retreatment level in 3 patients. Of note, stopping 8‐day re‐treatment in a patient with pre‐retreatment HBsAg decline >1 log10 IU/mL allowed further HBsAg decline to a low level (4 IU/mL) towards HBsAg loss. These findings suggest that immediate re‐treatment is appropriate in severe hepatitis flare with Pattern I HBsAg/ALT kinetics but can be held or even not necessary in those with Pattern II HBsAg/ALT kinetics. Serial qHBsAg assays, more frequently during hepatitis flare, are helpful for re‐treatment decision and close monitoring is mandatory to start, to hold or to stop re‐treatment in patients with hepatitis flare.
The effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis on immune response, hematological parameters, growth performance, and resistance of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) against Streptococcus iniae
Authors: Lee Chorong , Cha Ji‐Hoon , Kim Min‐Gi , Shin Jaehyeong , Woo Seo Hyung , Kim Sung Hun , Kim Jae Won , Ji Seung‐Cheol , Lee Kyeong‐Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe investigated the effects of different levels of dietary Bacillus subtilis (BS) on innate immunity, growth performance, feed utilization, and disease resistance of juvenile olive flounder. A control diet was formulated without probiotic, and three other diets were prepared adding different doses (1 × 107, 3 × 107, and 5 × 107 CFU/g feed) of BS (designated as Control, BS1, BS3, and BS5, respectively). Triplicate groups of fish (initial body weight, 25 g) were fed for 12 weeks. Fish fed BS‐containing diets showed significantly higher nonspecific immune responses than fish fed the control diet. Fish fed the BS5 diet showed significantly higher growth performance and feed utilization efficiency than fish fed the control diet. Fish fed the BS diets showed remarkably higher resistance against Streptococcus iniae than fish fed the control diet. These results indicate that BS supplementation at a dose of 5 × 107 CFU/g diet can improve innate immunity, growth performance, feed utilization, and disease resistance against S. iniae in olive flounder.
Making as worlding: young children composing change through speculative design
Authors: Wargo Jon M. , Alvarado Jasmine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA pedagogical perspective for rendering ways of knowing, being and being known, making and the larger maker movement are shaping contemporary educational places, practices and discourses. Despite these advances, its intersection with early literacy and childhood education are nascent. Thinking with theories of multiliteracies and speculative design, this article puts forth a making as worlding analytic frame for literacy research and practice. In doing so, we examine how two young children operate as speculative designers working towards possible, not solely plausible or preferable futures. Drawing on data from a multi‐sited study exploring making in early childhood settings, this article charts how early years and primary students used the contemporary affordances of analogue and immersive technologies to ‘make' a difference. Findings suggest that making provided opportunities not only for re‐storying realities but speculative worldbuilding encouraging young people to participate and problematise present realities.
Optimal hibernation theory
Authors: Boyles Justin G. , Johnson Joseph S. , Blomberg Anna , Lilley Thomas M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHibernation has received considerable attention from physiologists and natural historians, but theoretical and ecological treatments of hibernation are rarer. There is ample recent evidence that costs associated with hibernation affect the degree to which hibernation is expressed in nature, but we currently lack a quantitative framework under which to make predictions about how the costs and benefits of hibernation interact under various environmental conditions. Here, we attempt the first steps towards building an optimal hibernation theory for making specific predictions about the expression of hibernation (i.e. the depth and duration of torpor bouts), metabolic functioning, and the total period of hibernation in mammals and birds. Our current understanding of the costs associated with hibernation do not allow for parameterisation of optimal hibernation theory, but we hope this work provides a roadmap for physiologists and ecologists to collect the necessary data in the future.
Identification of a genetic network for an ecologically relevant behavioural phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Zhang Wenyu , Reeves Guy Richard , Tautz Diethard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPupation site choice of Drosophila third‐instar larvae is critical for the survival of individuals, as pupae are exposed to various biotic and abiotic dangers while immobilized during the 3–4 days of metamorphosis. This singular behavioural choice is sensitive to both environmental and genetic factors. Here, we developed a high‐throughput phenotyping approach to assay the variation in pupation height in Drosophila melanogaster, while controlling for possibly confounding factors. We find substantial variation of mean pupation height among sampled natural stocks and we show that the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) reflects this variation. Using the DGRP stocks for genome‐wide association (GWA) mapping, 16 loci involved in determining pupation height could be resolved. The candidate genes in these loci are enriched for high expression in the larval central nervous system. A genetic network could be constructed from the candidate loci, which places scribble (scrib) at the centre, plus other genes known to be involved in nervous system development, such as Epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) and p53. Using gene disruption lines, we could functionally validate several of the initially identified loci, as well as additional loci predicted from network analysis. Our study shows that the combination of high‐throughput phenotyping with a genetic analysis of variation captured from the wild can be used to approach the genetic dissection of an environmentally relevant behavioural phenotype.
The impact of mindfulness‐based interventions on doctors’ well‐being and performance: A systematic review
Authors: Scheepers Renée A. , Emke Helga , Epstein Ronald M. , Lombarts Kiki M. J. M. H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe well‐being of doctors is at risk, as evidenced by high burnout rates amongst doctors around the world. Alarmingly, burned‐out doctors are more likely to exhibit low levels of professionalism and provide suboptimal patient care. Research suggests that burnout and the well‐being of doctors can be improved by mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs). Furthermore, MBIs may improve doctors’ performance (eg in empathy). However, there are no published systematic reviews that clarify the effects of MBIs on doctor well‐being or performance to inform future research and professional development programmes. We therefore systematically reviewed and narratively synthesised findings on the impacts of MBIs on doctors’ well‐being and performance.MethodsWe searched PubMed and PsycINFO from inception to 9 May 2018 and independently reviewed studies investigating the effects of MBIs on doctor well‐being or performance. We systematically extracted data and assessed study quality according to the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI), and narratively reported study findings.ResultsWe retrieved a total of 934 articles, of which 24 studies met our criteria; these included randomised, (un)controlled or qualitative studies of average quality. Effects varied across MBIs with different training contents or formats: MBIs including essential mindfulness training elements, or employing group‐based training, mostly showed positive effects on the well‐being or performance of doctors across different educational and hospital settings. Doctors perceived both benefits (enhanced self‐ and other‐understanding) and challenges (time limitations and feasibility) associated with MBIs. Findings were subject to the methodological limitations of studies (eg the use of self‐selected participants, lack of placebo interventions, use of self‐reported outcomes).ConclusionsThis review indicates that doctors can perceive positive impacts of MBIs on their well‐being and performance. However, the evidence was subject to methodological limitations and does not yet support the standardisation of MBIs in professional development programmes. Rather, health care organisations could consider including group‐based MBIs as voluntary modules for doctors with specific well‐being needs or ambitions regarding professional development.