bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations of aerodynamic drag forces during structural blade testing using high-fidelity fluid–structure interaction
Authors: Grinderslev Christian , Belloni Federico , Horcas Sergio González , Sørensen Niels Nørmark 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Aerodynamic loads need to be known for planning and defining test loads beforehand for wind turbine blades that are tested for fatigue certifications. It is known that the aerodynamic forces, especially drag, are different for tests and operation, due to the entirely different flow conditions. In test facilities, a vibrating blade will move in and out of its own wake, increasing the drag forces on the blade. This is not the case in operation. To study this special aerodynamic condition present during experimental tests, numerical simulations of a wind turbine blade during pull–release tests were conducted. High-fidelity three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics methods were used throughout the simulations. In this way, the fluid mechanisms and their impact on the moving blade are clarified, and through the coupling with a structural solver, the fluid–structure interaction is studied. Results are compared to actual measurements from experimental tests, verifying the approach. It is found that the blade experiences a high drag due to its motion towards its own whirling wake, resulting in an effective drag coefficient of approximately 5.3 for the 90∘ angle of attack. This large drag coefficient was implemented in a fatigue test load simulation, resulting in a significant decrease in bending moment along the blade, leading to less load being applied than intended. The confinement from the test facility did not impact this specific test setup, but simulations with longer blades could possibly yield different conclusions. To the knowledge of the authors, this investigation, including three-dimensional effects, structural coupling and confinement, is the first of its kind.
CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPECIES ISOLATED IN PRODUCTION STAGES OF BRAZILIAN COLONIAL CHEESE
Authors: Bergman Zaffari Grecelle Cristina , Karoline Mascitti Andrea , Da Silva Letícia , Ricardo Lunge Vagner , Da Costa Marisa 
Published: May 2020

Colonial cheese is a culturally and economically important product from the south of Brazil. As most of its production is artisanal, the technology employed is mostly knowledge passed down from one generation to the next according to family tradition and may be produced with raw or pasteurized milk. It is noted for its spicy flavour and variable composition and is often classified as a medium to high-moisture cheese. This intrinsic feature increases the risk of microbial spoilage and food poisoning. One of the main bio-indicators of contamination in colonial cheese is coagulase positive Staphylococcus. The purpose of this study was thephenotypic identification of Staphylococcus species isolated from the products and surfaces in the main production stages of colonial cheese. Staphylococcus sp. isolates from the food and the production environment were obtained from two colonial cheese-production agro-industries in Rio Grande do Sul. Samples of fresh milk, curd, ripening and final colonial cheese were collected. In addition, surface sampling was performed on the coagulation tanks, production tables, molds, cheese ripening shelves and on the hands of the handlers. Staphylococcus sp. isolates in the cheese and the production environments tested in this study were identified by phenotypic techniques through biochemical and MALDI-TOF MS analyses. These isolates were subjected to gene expression analysis for enterotoxins A, B, C, D, and E. All isolates (72) were identified as Staphylococcus sp., and 43% of the total isolates tested were coagulase positive. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species in the raw milk and production tanks. Regarding coagulase negative staphylococci isolates, S. warneri and S. sciuri were most abundant. The sea and seb genes were detected in 4% of the Staphylococcus isolates. The results indicate eleven different species of Staphylococcus present in the colonial cheese production environments studied. The predominant presence of S. aureus in the different samples of milk, curd, ripened cheese, ready-to-eat cheese and hands of the handlers indicates that there are issues with the selection of milk-producing animals, pasteurization process and/or hygiene control of handlers. The sea and seb genes were detected in samples of raw milk and colonial cheese. No enterotoxin genes were detected in coagulase negative staphylococci.
KEY WORDS: Enterotoxins; polymerase chain reaction; time-offlight mass spectrometry; coagulase negative staphylococci; phenotypic identification; genotypic analysis; colonial cheese.
STUDENTSâ€™ APPLICATION OF SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS ON MASS MEDIA AND SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Purnama Arry 
Published: May 2020

The application of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) is actually almost unlimited. However, for students, the broad scope of SFL application seems blurry. This study aims to look for the trend of studentsâ€™ analysis employing SFL on different media. Using a qualitative method, this research focuses on comparing the outcome of studentsâ€™ analysis in applying SFL on both mass media and social media. The findings showed that the students who applied SFL on the social media had more various discussions than those who applied it on the mass media. The varying discussions and analysis written by students applying SFL on the social media (further called social-media students) differed from students applying SFL on the mass media (further called mass-media students), related to some points. First, social-media students explored more language phenomena than did mass-media students using SFL on the mass media. Second, socialmedia students employed majority of the approaches of SFL in exploring language phenomena occurred on the social media, while mass-media students only used at least two approaches of SFL in exploring the phenomena occurring on the mass media.Â Penerapan Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) sebenarnya hampir tidak terbatas. Namun, bagi mahasiswa, cakupan penerapan SFL yang luas nampak kabur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan trend analisis mahasiswa yang menggunakan SFL dalam berbagai media. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini difokuskan untuk membandingkan hasil penelitian mahasiswa pada media massa dan media sosial menggunakan pendekatan SFL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa yang mengaplikasikan pendekatan SFL pada media sosial memiliki lebih banyak pembahasan dibanding mahasiswa yang mengaplikasikan SFL pada media massa. Beragamnya pembahasan yang ditulis oleh mahasiswa yang menerapkan SFL pada media sosial berbeda dari mahasiswa yang menerapkan SFL pada media massa, terkait dengan beberapa poin: pertama, mahasiswa yang menganalisis media sosial mengeksplorasi lebih banyak fenomena kebahasaan dibandingkan mahasiswa yang menganalisis media massa; dan kedua, mahasiswa yang menganalisis media sosial menggunakan sebagian besar pendekatan SFL dalam mengeksplorasi fenomena kebahasaan yang terdapat pada media sosial, sementara mahasiswa yang menganalisis media massa hanya menggunakan setidaknya dua pendekatan dalam mengeksplorasi fenomena yang terjadi pada media massa.
Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia (CLTI) in Diabetic Patients: Looking at the Big Picture beyond Wound, Ischemia and Foot Infection (WIfI) Classification System
Authors: Pilar Vela-Orús Maria , Sonia Gaztambide-Sáenz María 
Published: May 2020

During the 1990s, most diabetic ulcers were considered neuropathic, but the Eurodiale study showed that more than 50% of these were non-plantar (neuro-ischaemic and ischaemic). According to the International Guidelines, the neuro-ischaemic and ischaemic diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) outcomes are connected to factors related to the wound, leg-associated factors and patients’ comorbidities. We used wound, ischaemia and foot infection (WIfI) classification system; Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus-II (TASC-II) arterial lesion score; and Kaiser Permanente pyramid (stratification of patients according to their complexity) for assessing these parameters. From February 2011 to June 2012, we collected 124 episodes of neuro-ischaemic and ischaemic active ulcer in 100 patients: 18 required major amputation, 14 of them were in WIfI stage 4 and 4 in WIfI stage 3. Ten patients (over 14 in WIfI stage 4) were classified as TASC-II D. Eight patients (over the same 14) were classified as the higher risk of Kaiser Permanente pyramid. In line with other studies, our data support that the WIfI classification correlates well regarding risk of amputation at 1 year. However, when adding TASC-II and Kaiser Permanente pyramid assessment, the outcome is even more accurate not only for limb salvage but also for patients’ survival.
Acute Jaundice in a Six-year-old: An Unusual Presentation of Atypical Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Bylund LCDR William , Zarow Gregory , Morrison Ponce LCDR Daphne 
Published: May 2020

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a rare vasculitis of childhood that is critical to recognize and treat due to associated morbidity and mortality. A six-year-old male presented to our emergency department (ED) afebrile but with reported recent fevers. Exam revealed jaundice and erythematous tongue with papules, and laboratory studies indicated a direct hyperbilirubinemia. Admitted for evaluation, he developed continuous fever, increasing maculopapular rash, and subsequent desquamation of hands and feet. He ultimately met criteria for incomplete KD, was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, and avoided cardiac complications. This presentation of incomplete KD with hyperbilirubinemia is rare because the patient was afebrile at ED presentation.
Density-dependent effects of omnivorous stream crayfish on benthic trophic dynamics
Authors: Ludlam John P. , Banks Brandon T. , Magoulick Daniel D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Crayfish are abundant and important consumers in aquatic food webs and crayfish invasions have demonstrated strong effects of crayfish on multiple trophic levels. Density may be an important factor determining the role of omnivorous crayfish in benthic communities, especially if density alters the strength of trophic interactions. The effect of crayfish density on a simple benthic food web using ceramic tiles was examined in three treatments (crayfish exclusion cage, cage control (open to crayfish), and exposed ceramic tiles) in mesocosms stocked with 6, 12, or 18 crayfish·m-2. We hypothesized that at low densities crayfish consumption of herbivorous chironomids would increase algal abundance, but at high densities crayfish would reduce both periphyton and invertebrates. In the experiment, periphyton and chironomid abundance increased with declining crayfish biomass on day 30 but not day 15. The magnitude of crayfish effects on day 15 periphyton chlorophyll a abundance increased with crayfish biomass, but crayfish effects on day 30 periphyton chlorophyll a or chironomid biomass did not increase with crayfish biomass. In this experiment there was little evidence for a trophic cascade at low crayfish densities and strong omnivory by crayfish dominated trophic dynamics.
A test of DNA barcoding in crayfish of the upper James River basin, Virginia
Authors: Cabe Paul R. , Navalsky Bradleigh E. , Bloomer Ainsley K. , Doherty Ryan , Edgren Jordan , Putney Joy E. , Bezold Kelly A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCrayfish populations in North America face many conservation threats, including habitat loss, degradation, and the introduction of non-native species. The management of biological diversity requires accurate identification of species, and for crayfish, many species are difficult to identify using standard morphological approaches. We investigated DNA barcoding using cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences to determine if this widely used method is useful in the identification of crayfish. As a test case, we sampled crayfish from the middle and upper James River basin in Virginia. This area had been recently surveyed by experienced crayfish biologists, and hosts a moderate number of species. We collected nearly 300 COI sequences, which clustered clearly into seven groups, mirroring the seven species reported for this watershed. Despite the unambiguous clustering, the range of sequence variation within species overlapped the range of variation between species; we detected no clear "barcode gap." Although this method holds promise as an aid to crayfish identification, current sequence databases (GenBank, BOLD) do not contain enough appropriate COI sequences to allow unequivocal identification in this unique and understudies fauna.
John Edward Cooper (1929-2015): biographical notes
Authors: Fetzner James W. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
John Edward Cooper (1929–2015) had a great impact on the Astacological, Speleological and Herpetological fields, as can be seen by the 135 publications he produced during his long and productive scientific career. Always with a kind word and a helpful attitude, John fostered many budding astacologists and was always helpful with a constructive review of crayfish manuscripts, especially those that described new species.
Role ofGlycine maxin improving drought tolerance inZanthoxylum bungeanum
Authors: Li Zilong , Tariq Akash , Pan Kaiwen , Graciano Corina , Sun Feng , Song Dagang , Abiodun Olatunji Olusanya 
Published: May 2020

Intercropping may improve community stability and yield under climate change. Here, we set up a field experiment to evaluate the advantages of cultivatingZ anthoxylum bungeanumwithCapsicum annum, andZ. bungeanumwithGlycine maxas intercrops, compared with cultivatingZ. bungeanumin monoculture. Effects of extreme drought stress conditions on morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits of the three crop species cultivated in the three contrasting planting systems were compared. Results showed that extreme drought conditions induced negative impacts onZ.bungeanumgrown in monoculture, due to reduced growth and metabolic impairment. However, limited stomatal conductance, reduced transpiration rate (Tr), and increased water use efficiency, carotenoid content, catalase activity, and accumulation of soluble sugars inZ.bungeanumindicated its adaptive strategies for tolerance of extreme drought stress conditions. Compared with cultivation in monoculture, intercropping withC. annumhad positive effects onZ.bungeanumunder extreme drought stress conditions, as a result of improved crown diameter, leaf relative water content (LRWC), net photosynthetic rate, and proline content, while intercropping withG. maxunder extreme drought stress conditions increased net CO2assimilation rates, LRWC,Tr, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In conclusion,Z.bungeanumhas an effective defense mechanism for extreme drought stress tolerance. Intercropping withG. maxenhanced this tolerance potential primarily through its physio-biochemical adjustments, rather than as a result of nitrogen fixation byG. max.
Continuous wildlife monitoring using blimps as an aerial platform: a case study observing marine megafauna
Authors: Adams Kye , Broad Allison , Ruiz-García David , Davis Andrew R. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Aerial surveys are a powerful means of collecting ecological data in terrestrial and marine systems that may otherwise be difficult to acquire. Increasingly aerial observations are made with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), such as drones. As this technology has improved in reliability and affordability it has replaced the traditional use of fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. Drones do, however, have limitations; primarily in their limited flight duration, potential to disturb wildlife and concerns over safety. Here we introduce an aerostat, a ground tethered blimp, as a logistically simple and economical alternative to drones and other aircraft. Blimps differ from drones by using helium for lift, thereby conserving battery life. This technology offers the advantage of near-continuous coverage of locations, as well as providing a safe and accessible alternative aerial platform for a range of applications. We demonstrate the viability of blimp-mounted cameras in a notoriously difficult area to conduct research: the high-energy nearshore marine zone. Specifically, we sought to determine the likelihood of encountering marine megafauna using real-time video and whether their presence was correlated with the occurrence of baitfish. Stingrays were observed more often than other species and the occurrence of seals was correlated with the presence of baitfish. The continuous coverage allowed the observation of foraging behaviour in sharks and seals for extended periods. This demonstrates the utility of this novel technique to improve human safety and enhance ecological research.
Domain II of the translation elongation factor eEF1A is required for Gcn2 kinase inhibition
Authors: Ramesh Rashmi , Sattlegger Evelyn 
Published: May 2020

The signalling pathway governing general control nonderepressible (Gcn)2 kinase allows cells to cope with amino acid shortage. Under starvation, Gcn2 phosphorylates the translation initiation factor eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF)2α, triggering downstream events that ultimately allow cells to cope with starvation. Under nutrient‐replete conditions, the translation elongation factor eEF1A binds Gcn2 to contribute to keeping Gcn2 inactive. Here, we aimed to map the regions in eEF1A involved in binding and/or regulating Gcn2. We find that eEF1A amino acids 1–221 and 222–315, containing most of domains I and II, respectively, bind Gcn2 in vitro. Overexpression of eEF1A lacking or containing domain III impairs eIF2α phosphorylation. While the latter reduces growth under starvation similarly to eEF1A lacking domain I, the former enhances growth in a Gcn2‐dependent manner. Our studies suggest that domain II is required for Gcn2 inhibition and that eEF1A lacking domain III mainly affects the Gcn2 response pathway downstream of Gcn2.
Substrate recognition by a bifunctional GH30‐7 xylanase B from Talaromyces cellulolyticus
Authors: Nakamichi Yusuke , Watanabe Masahiro , Matsushika Akinori , Inoue Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2020

Xylanase B, a member of subfamily 7 of the GH30 (glycoside hydrolase family 30) from Talaromyces cellulolyticus (TcXyn30B), is a bifunctional enzyme with glucuronoxylanase and xylobiohydrolase activities. In the present study, crystal structures of the native enzyme and the enzyme–product complex of TcXyn30B expressed in Pichia pastoris were determined at resolutions of 1.60 and 1.65 Å, respectively. The enzyme complexed with 22‐(4‐O‐methyl‐α‐d‐glucuronyl)‐xylobiose (U4m2X) revealed that TcXyn30B strictly recognizes both the C‐6 carboxyl group and the 4‐O‐methyl group of the 4‐O‐methyl‐α‐d‐glucuronyl side chain by the conserved residues in GH30‐7 endoxylanases. The crystal structure and site‐directed mutagenesis indicated that Asn‐93 on the β2‐α2‐loop interacts with the non‐reducing end of the xylose residue at subsite‐2 and is likely to be involved in xylobiohydrolase activity. These findings provide structural insight into the mechanisms of substrate recognition of GH30‐7 glucuronoxylanase and xylobiohydrolase.
Predicting Regioselectivity in Radical C−H Functionalization of Heterocycles through Machine Learning
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Shuo‐Qing , Xu Li‐Cheng , Hong Xin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRadical C−H bond functionalization provides a versatile approach for elaborating heterocyclic compounds. The synthetic design of this transformation relies heavily on the knowledge of regioselectivity, while a quantified and efficient regioselectivity prediction approach is still elusive. Herein, we report the feasibility of using a machine learning model to predict the transition state barrier from the computed properties of isolated reactants. This enables rapid and reliable regioselectivity prediction for radical C−H bond functionalization of heterocycles. The Random Forest model with physical organic features achieved 94.2 % site accuracy and 89.9 % selectivity accuracy in the out‐of‐sample test set. The prediction performance was further validated by comparing the machine learning results with additional substituents, heteroarene scaffolds and experimental observations. This work revealed that the combination of mechanism‐based computational statistics and machine learning model can serve as a useful strategy for selectivity prediction of organic transformations.
Stress‐Induced Domain Wall Motion in a Ferroelastic Mn3+ Spin Crossover Complex
Authors: Jakobsen Vibe B. , Trzop Elzbieta , Gavin Laurence C. , Dobbelaar Emiel , Chikara Shalinee , Ding Xiaxin , Esien Kane , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Felton Solveig , Zapf Vivien S. , Collet Eric , Carpenter Michael A. , Morgan Grace G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDomain wall motion is detected for the first time during the transition to a ferroelastic and spin state ordered phase of a spin crossover complex. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) revealed two distinct symmetry‐breaking phase transitions in the mononuclear Mn3+ compound [Mn(3,5‐diBr‐sal2(323))]BPh4, 1. The first at 250 K, involves the space group change Cc→Pc and is thermodynamically continuous, while the second, Pc→P1 at 85 K, is discontinuous and related to spin crossover and spin state ordering. Stress‐induced domain wall mobility was interpreted on the basis of a steep increase in acoustic loss immediately below the the Pc‐P1 transition
Zweifarbiges Licht in der Durchflusssynthese für makromolekulares Design
Authors: Van De Walle Matthias , De Bruycker Kevin , Blinco James P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWir beschreiben den Aufbau eines photochemischen Durchflussreaktors für λ‐orthogonale Reaktionen in sequenzieller Bestrahlung mit zwei unterschiedlichen Lichtfarben (λ1=350 nm und λ2=410 nm). Entscheidend hierbei ist, dass beide photochemisch reaktive Gruppen (ein Chalkon, das im sichtbaren Licht reagiert und ein UV‐aktivertes Dien) in der Reaktionslösung vorliegen. Wir zeigen das Vermögen der Durchflusssynthese mit zweierlei farbigem Licht durch wellenlängenselektive Endgruppenmodifikation und anschließenden Ringschluss des Polymers mittels [2+2]‐Cycloaddition. Wir zeigen zudem, dass der höher‐energetische Wellenlängenbereich keine Reaktion des Chalkons auslöst, was das wahre λ‐orthogonale Wesen der Photo‐Durchflusssynthese belegt. Die Studie eröffnet erstmalig das Gebiet der Photo‐Durchflussreaktionen für λ‐orthogonale Photochemie.
Self‐Assembled Helical Arrays for the Stabilization of the Triplet State
Authors: Nidhankar Aakash D. , Goudappagouda  , Mohana Kumari Divya S. , Chaubey Shailendra Kumar , Nayak Rashmi , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Kumar G. V. Pavan , Krishnan Retheesh , Babu Sukumaran Santhosh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRoom‐temperature phosphorescence of metal and heavy atom‐free organic molecules has emerged as an area of great potential in recent years. A rational design played a critical role in controlling the molecular ordering to impart efficient intersystem crossing and stabilize the triplet state to achieve room‐temperature ultralong phosphorescence. However, in most cases, the strategies to strengthen phosphorescence efficiency have resulted in a reduced lifetime, and the available nearly degenerate singlet‐triplet energy levels impart a natural competition between delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence, with the former one having the advantage. Herein, an organic helical assembly supports the exhibition of an ultralong phosphorescence lifetime. In contrary to other molecules, 3,6‐phenylmethanone functionalized 9‐hexylcarbazole exhibits a remarkable improvement in phosphorescence lifetime (>4.1 s) and quantum yield (11 %) owing to an efficient molecular packing in the crystal state. A right‐handed helical molecular array act as a trap and exhibits triplet exciton migration to support the exceptionally longer phosphorescence lifetime.