bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of Physical Activity Behavior in Adults: A Data Mining Approach
Authors: Farrahi Vahid , Niemelä Maisa , Kärmeniemi Mikko , Puhakka Soile , Kangas Maarit , Korpelainen Raija , Jämsä Timo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose: A data mining approach was applied to establish a multilevel hierarchy predicting physical activity (PA) behavior, and to methodologically identify the correlates of PA behavior.Methods: Cross-sectional data from the population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study, collected in the most recent follow-up at age 46, were used to create a hierarchy using the chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree technique for predicting PA behavior. PA behavior is defined as active or inactive based on machine-learned activity profiles, which were previously created through a multidimensional (clustering) approach on continuous accelerometer-measured activity intensities in one week. The input variables (predictors) used for decision tree fitting consisted of individual, demographical, psychological, behavioral, environmental, and physical factors. Using generalized linear mixed models, we also analyzed how factors emerging from the model were associated with three PA metrics, including daily time (minutes per day) in sedentary (SED), light PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), to assure the relative importance of methodologically identified factors.Results: Of the 4,582 participants with valid accelerometer data at the latest follow-up, 2,701 and 1,881 had active and inactive profiles, respectively. We used a total of 168 factors as input variables to classify these two PA behaviors. Out of these 168 factors, the decision tree selected 36 factors of different domains from which 54 subgroups of participants were formed. The emerging factors from the model explained minutes per day in SED, LPA, and/or MVPA, including body fat percentage (SED: B=26.5, LPA: B=-16.1, and MVPA: B=-11.7), normalized heart rate recovery 60 seconds after exercise (SED: B=-16.1, LPA: B=9.9, and MVPA: B=9.6), average weekday total sitting time (SED: B=34.1, LPA: B=-25.3, and MVPA: B=-5.8), and extravagance score (SED: B=6.3 and LPA: B=-3.7).Conclusions: Using data mining, we established a data-driven model composed of 36 different factors of relative importance from empirical data. This model may be used to identify subgroups for multilevel intervention allocation and design. Additionally, this study methodologically discovered an extensive set of factors that can be a basis for additional hypothesis testing in PA correlates research.
Withdrawal of Treatment in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at a Children’s Hospital in China: A 10-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Huaqing , Su Dongni , Guo Xubei , Dai Yunhong , Dong Xingqiang , Zhu Qiujiao , Bai Zhengjiang , Li Ying , Wu Shuiyan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Published data and practice recommendations on end-of-life care generally reflect Western practice frameworks; there are limited data that refer to withdrawing treatment of children in China. Methods: Withdrawing treatment of children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a regional children’s hospital in eastern China from 2006 to 2017 was studied retrospectively. Withdrawing treatment was divided into medical withdrawal and premature withdrawal as defined. The guardian’s self-reported reasons for abandoning the child’s treatment were recorded from 2011.Results: The incidence of withdrawing treatment from children in the PICU decreased significantly, for premature withdrawal, from a 3-year average of 15.1% in 2006–2008 to 1.9% in 2015–2017 (87.4% reduction). The overall incidence of withdrawal of care reduced over the time period, and withdrawal of therapy by guardians was the main contributor to the overall reduction. The median age of children from whom treatment was withdrawn increased from 14.5 (interquartile range: 4.0–72.0) months in 2006 to 40.5 (interquartile range: 8.0–99.0) months in 2017. Among the reasons given by guardians of children whose treatments were withdrawn in 2011–2017, “illness is too severe” ranked first, accounting for 66.3%, followed by “condition has been improved” (20.9%). Only a few of the guardians ascribed withdrawing treatment to economic reasons.Conclusions: The frequency of withdrawal of medical therapy has changed over time in this children’s hospital PICU, and parental decision-making has been a large part of the change.
The Impact of an Audience Response System on a summative Assessment, a controlled Field Study
Authors: Schmidt Thorsten , Gazou Anastasia , Riess Angelika , Riess Olaf , Grundmann-Hauser Kathrin , Falb Ruth , Schadeck Malou , Heinrich Tilman , Abeditashi Mahkameh , Schmidt Jana , Mau-Holzmann Ulrike , Schnabel Kai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Audience response systems allow to activate the audience and to receive a direct feedback of participants during lectures. Modern systems do not require any proprietary hardware anymore. Students can directly respond on their smartphone. Several studies reported about a high level of satisfaction of students when audience response systems are used, however their impact on learning success is still unclear.Methods: In order to evaluate the impact of an audience response system on the learning success we implemented the audience response system eduVote into a seminar series and performed a controlled crossover study on its impact on assessments. 154 students in nine groups were taught the same content. In four groups, eduVote was integrated for the first topic while five groups were taught this topic without the audience response systems. For a second topic, the groups were switched: Those groups who were taught before using eduVote were now taught without the audience response system and vice versa. We then analysed the impact of the audience response system on the students’ performance in a summative assessment and specifically focused on questions dealing with the topic, for which the audience response system was used during teaching. We further assessed the students’ perception on the use of eduVote using questionnaires.Results: In our controlled crossover study we could not confirm an impact of the audience response system eduVote on long-term persistence i.e. the students’ performance in the summative assessment. Our evaluation revealed that students assessed the use of eduVote very positively, felt stronger engaged and better motivated to deal with the respective topics and would prefer their integration into additional courses as well. In particular we identified that students who feel uncomfortable with answering questions in front of others profit from the use of an audience response system during teaching.Conclusions: Audience response systems motivate and activate students and increase their engagement during classes. However, their impact on long-term persistence and summative assessments may be limited. Audience response systems, however, specifically allow activating students which cannot be reached by the traditional way of asking questions without such an anonymous tool.
Inhibitory effect of endostar combined with radiotherapy on gastric cancer animal models
Authors: Chen Qitian , Chen Ran , Dong Youhong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Inhibitory effect of endostar combined with radiotherapy on gastric cancer (GC) animal models and its effect on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and inter- leukin-10 (IL-10) were evaluated. Methods: Forty mice of a GC model xenograft tumors were prepared and randomly divided into blank control group, endostar group, radiotherapy group and endostar combined with radiotherapy group (combination group). From the 14th day, a vernier caliper was used for measuring the long and short diameters of the xenograft tumors. The formula V = ab2/2 was used for calculating the tumor volume and to obtain its average value. Tumor growth curves were plotted to calculate the tumor inhibition rate. The growth of xenograft tumors and the behavioral changes of mice were observed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detecting the expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1. Results: The tumor growth in the combination group was significantly inhibited and the tumor volume was the smallest compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Compared to the blank control group, the tumor inhibition rate was 11.8% in endostar group, 33.0% in radiotherapy group and 52.1% in combination group (p<0.01). Endostar combined with radiotherapy had an interaction in decreasing the expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL‑10 (F=4.35 and 5.12, p<0.05). Leucocyte count was significantly higher in control and combination groups than that in endostar and radiotherapy groups. The body weight of mice in endostar and radiotherapy groups decreased after treatment (p<0.05). The body weight of mice after treatment in control and combination groups increased, with a statistically significant difference compared to that before treatment (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference among all groups after treatment (F=198.1, p<0.01). Conclusions: Endostar combined with radiotherapy can inhibit tumor growth and downregulate the expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 through synergistic action.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Italy: knowledge, management of patients and clinical experience of Italian dentists during the spread of contagion
Authors: Putrino Alessandra , Raso Mario , Magazzino Cosimo , Galluccio Gabriella 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus infection that emerged in China in the last few months of 2019 has now spread globally. Italy registered its first case in the second half of February, and in a short time period, it became the top country in Europe in terms of the number of infected people and the first in the world in terms of deaths. The medical and scientific community has been called upon to manage the emergency and to take measures. Dentists also need to take new precautions during their clinical activity to protect themselves, coworkers and patients from the risks of contagion and to avoid further spread of infection. Methods: Following the data published in the international literature as well as the guidelines and directives constantly updated by the WHO and by the national health authorities, a questionnaire to be completed anonymously was submitted online to Italian dentists using social tools and online professional platforms. The collected data were processed statistically, providing descriptive data and analysis of correlations of the most significant parameters using the Pearson’s χ2, the Likelihood-Ratio χ2, Cramér’s V, Fisher’s exact test, Goodman and Kruskal’s γ, and Kendall’s τb (p<0.05). Results: A total of 535 dentists from Italy participated in the survey. A good level of scientific knowledge about coronavirus and the extra precautionary measures needed to limit the spread was related to the age of respondents and their sex. Coming from areas with higher concentrations of cases affected knowledge, level of attention and perception of risk related to dental activity. Conclusions: At the moment, there are no therapies or vaccines to contain the infection with the new coronavirus that is causing many infections, many of which are fatal, worldwide. Dentists are one of the categories at highest risk of encountering diseases and infections because they work in close proximity with patients, and in their procedures, there is always contact with aerosols with high bacterial and viral potential. Therefore, during this COVID-19 emergency, it is important that dentists are properly informed and take the appropriate precautionary measures.
Long noncoding RNA MAPKAPK5-AS1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by cis-regulating the nearby gene MK5 and acting as a let-7f-1-3p sponge
Authors: Yang Ting , Chen Wei-Cong , Shi Pei-Cong , Liu Man-Ru , Jiang Tao , Song Hu , Wang Jia-Qi , Fan Rui-Zhi , Pei Dong-Sheng , Song Jun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are considered critical regulators in cancers; however, the clinical significance and mechanisms of MAPKAPK5-AS1 (hereinafter referred to as MK5-AS1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain mostly unknown. Methods: In this study, quantitative real-time PCR ( qPCR ) and western blotting were utilized to detect the levels of MK5-AS1, let-7f-1-3p and MK5 (MAPK activated protein kinase 5) in CRC tissues and cell lines. The biological functions of MK5-AS1, let-7f-1-3p and MK5 in CRC cells were explored using Cell Counting Kit-8 ( CCK8 ), colony formation and transwell assays. The potential mechanisms of MK5-AS1 were evaluated by RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation ( RIP ), dual luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation ( CHIP ) and bioinformatics analysis. The effects of MK5-AS1 and MK5 on CRC were investigated by a xenotransplantation model. Results : We confirmed that MK5-AS1 was significantly increased in CRC tissues. Knockdown of MK5-AS1 suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro and inhibited lung metastasis in mice. Mechanistically, MK5-AS1 regulated SNAI1 expression by sponging let-7f-1-3p and cis -regulated the adjacent gene MK5. Moreover, MK5-AS1 recruited RBM4 and eIF4A1 to promote the translation of MK5. Our study verified that MK5 promoted the phosphorylation of c-Jun, which activated the transcription of SNAI1 by directly binding to its promoter. Conclusions : MK5-AS1 cis -regulated the nearby gene MK5 and acted as a let-7f-1-3p sponge, playing a vital role in CRC tumorigenesis. This study could provide novel insights into molecular therapeutic targets of CRC.
Development and evaluation of an evidence-based medicine module in the undergraduate medical curriculum
Authors: Shahrani Abeer Salem Al 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a core competence in both undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula. However, its integration into curricula varies widely. Our study will help medical colleges develop, implement and evaluate their EBM courses. We assessed the effectiveness of workshops in improving critical appraisal skills among medical students.Methods: A before-and-after study design without a control group was used. A 5-week short EBM module including lectures, workshops, and online search sessions was conducted with 52 fourth-year medical students during their primary healthcare course at the College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (version 20, SPSS Inc., Chicago, US). Parametric tests as well as Student’s paired t-test for pre- and post-test comparisons were used.Results: Forty-nine (49) participants completed the pre- and post-training Fresno tests, and 44.9% of the participants had a GPA of 4.0 or higher. The mean Fresno test score increased from 45.63 (SD 21.89) on the pre-test to 64.49 (SD 33.31) on the post-test, with significant improvements in the following items: search strategies, relevance, internal validity, magnitude and significance of results, statistical values of diagnosis studies (sensitivity, specificity, and LR), statistical values of therapy studies (ARR, RRR, and NNT), and best study design for diagnosis and prognosis (P<0.05).Conclusion: This study supports that a short course in EBM that is incorporated into the undergraduate curriculum, especially in the clinical years, might be effective in improving medical students’ knowledge and skills in EBM. However, prospective studies are necessary to assess the long-term impact of these interventions and ultimately their effectiveness for clinical decision making. Trial registration: not applicable
The Effect of Ethical Leadership on Subjective Wellbeing, Given the Moderator Job Satisfaction (A Case Study of Private Hospitals in Mashhad)
Authors: Kaffashpoor Azar , sadeghian samaneh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The emerging ethical leadership, a novel approach in leadership perspective, has provided the ground for building and promoting individual and organizational effectiveness through prioritizing ethics in organization. The purpose of the study is survey of effect of Ethical Leadership on Subjective Wellbeing, Given the Moderator Job Satisfaction in Private Hospitals in MashhadMethods: This research, employing a descriptive-correlational survey design, was conducted in 2015-2016 to examine the probable effect of ethical leadership on subjective wellbeing and job satisfaction (both as the outcome variable and the mediator) among the nurses of private hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. The statistical population included all nurses of private hospitals in Mashhad city (730 nurses, in total) from among whom following a simple randomized method, 166 nurses were selected as a sample of respondents. The data were collected with the adapted version of the questionnaire designed by Yang (2014) the validity and reliability of which were tested and confirmed. For data analysis, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. Results: The results indicated a positive significant relationship between ethical leadership and job satisfaction. Ethical leadership only indirectly and through job satisfaction positively and significantly affected the subjective wellbeing of nurses.Conclusions: This suggests that an emphasis on ethics and ethically-oriented leaders in hospitals, aided by job satisfaction, can provide a positive climate which can lead to the subjective wellbeing of nurses.
Establishment of Reference Range of CD4 T-Lymphocyte in Healthy Nepalese Adults
Authors: Mishra Shravan Kumar , Shrestha Lilee , Pandit Roshan , Khadka Sundar , Shrestha Bimal , Dhital Subhash , Sharma Saroj , Sharma Mukunda , Mahato Raj Kumar , Shakya Geeta , Manandhar Krishna Das 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: CD4 T lymphocytes are the most widely used cellular markers to assess the course of HIV infection, clinical staging and, monitoring the effect of antiretroviral therapy. The regional reference range for Eastern, Central and Western development region of Nepal had already been established whereas the same was still lacking in Mid-western and Far-western development region. The objective of this study was to establish reference range of CD4 T lymphocyte in the remaining two development regions and finally the national reference range using data from previous study. Results: The average values (mean ± SD) of CD4 and CD3 T cell in present study was (819 ± 294) cells/μl and (1546 ± 532) cells/μl, respectively. The absolute CD4 T cell (914 ± 303) and CD3 T cell (1671 ± 560) count in female were significantly higher than those from male, CD4 (757 ± 270) and CD3 (1465 ± 499) (p value - 0.000). National reference value of CD4 was determined to be (798 ± 335) cells/μl for healthy Nepalese adults.
A scoping review of admission criteria and selection methods in nursing education
Authors: Zamanzadeh Vahid , Ghahramanian Akram , Valizadeh Leila , Bagheriyeh Farzaneh , Lynagh Marita 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Nursing education institutions are required to select and train applicants who have appropriate characteristics for delivering effective healthcare. Unlike other healthcare professions and despite the need to attract and select a competent workforce, there has been no comprehensive analysis of the selection criteria and methods used to recruit nursing students. As there is relatively limited prior research available, we conducted a scoping review to explore and synthesise the existing evidence regarding admission criteria and selection methods of nursing students and for the purpose of identifying an agenda for future research in this field.Methods: Our scoping review follows the Arksey and O’Malley five-step proposition including identifying the research question and relevant studies, study selection, tabulation of data, and summarizing and reporting the results. Seven databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, ERIC, SID, Irandoc and PsycINFO) were searched systematically using relevant keywords. Articles on admission of undergraduate nursing students published in both English and/or Persian from 2006 to 2019 were retrieved.Results: Existing research evidence suggests that nursing students are largely selected on the basis of two criteria - “cognitive-academic abilities” and “non-cognitive abilities.” Cognitive-academic abilities were assessed in four main dimensions of mathematics, language and communication, natural sciences and reasoning skills mainly through standardized tests and academic records. Our review shows a wide range of non-cognitive characteristics are evaluated in nursing applicants including: morality, interpersonal communication skills and psychological strength. The selection method most commonly used to assess characteristics was through interviews (panel interviews or multiple mini interviews). Other methods included references, personal statements and personality assessment tools. Conclusions: This is the first scoping review of literature regarding nursing education selection and recruitment. Results can be used to inform nursing education policymakers and institutions in the design of their selection practices. Future research should concentrate on the evaluation and improvement methods of student selection including content and predictive validity analysis of multiple mini interview and standardized tests, development of cost-effective selection methods and job analysis studies to identify specific non-cognitive characteristics for nursing.
Characterization of bacterial community of rumen from bovine during laminitis challenge by high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Guo Jian , Sun Haowen , Maimai T. , Zhao Caijun , Cao Yongguo , Zhang Naisheng , Hu Xiaoyu , Fu Yunhe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Laminitis is a classic problem in the dairy industry, which can cause a great economic loss. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of laminitis have yet to be understood. In recent years, the microbiota has been the focus of much investigation in the search for various diseases. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between ruminal bacterial microbiota and laminitis. Results: The serum of healthy and laminitis bovines (n=8, respectively) collected from farms was used to detect concentrations of LPS, lactic acid, and histamine by the detection kits. This study used 16S rRNA sequencing to identify the differences in the bacterial community. The results showed that there was a significant increase in LPS and lactic acid in the laminitis group. Furthermore, microbial data analysis revealed that the laminitis group increased the abundance of bacteria with acid metabolites, such as Candidatus Saccharimonas, Saccharofermentans, Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-009, and Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-008, and [Clostridium] papyrosolvens and Ruminococcaceae bacterium AE2021.Conclusions: In summary, the changes in ruminal bacteria may potentially serve as the risk of laminitis.