bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Dinoflagellate Genome Illuminates a Conserved Gene Cluster Involved in Sunscreen Biosynthesis
Authors: Shoguchi Eiichi , Beedessee Girish , Hisata Kanako , Tada Ipputa , Narisoko Haruhi , Satoh Noriyuki , Kawachi Masanobu , Shinzato Chuya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the Family Symbiodiniaceae live symbiotically with many organisms that inhabit coral reefs and are currently classified into fifteen groups, including seven genera. Draft genomes from four genera, Symbiodinium, Breviolum, Fugacium, and Cladocopium, which have been isolated from corals, have been reported. However, no genome is available from the genus Durusdinium, which occupies an intermediate phylogenetic position in the Family Symbiodiniaceae and is well known for thermal tolerance (resistance to bleaching). We sequenced, assembled, and annotated the genome of Durusdinium trenchii, isolated from the coral, Favia speciosa, in Okinawa, Japan. Assembled short reads amounted to 670 Mb with ∼47% GC content. This GC content was intermediate among taxa belonging to the Symbiodiniaceae. Approximately 30,000 protein-coding genes were predicted in the D. trenchii genome, fewer than in other genomes from the Symbiodiniaceae. However, annotations revealed that the D. trenchii genome encodes a cluster of genes for synthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids, which absorb UV radiation. Interestingly, a neighboring gene in the cluster encodes a glucose–methanol–choline oxidoreductase with a flavin adenine dinucleotide domain that is also found in Symbiodinium tridacnidorum. This conservation seems to partially clarify an ancestral genomic structure in the Symbiodiniaceae and its loss in late-branching lineages, including Breviolum and Cladocopium, after splitting from the Durusdinium lineage. Our analysis suggests that approximately half of the taxa in the Symbiodiniaceae may maintain the ability to synthesize mycosporine-like amino acids. Thus, this work provides a significant genomic resource for understanding the genomic diversity of Symbiodiniaceae in corals.
MSY needs no epitaph—but it was abused
Authors: Pauly Daniel , Froese Rainer 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe maximum sustainable yield (MSY) concept is widely considered to be outdated and misleading. In response, fisheries scientists have developed models that often diverge radically from the first operational version of the concept. We show that the original MSY concept was deeply rooted in ecology and that going back to that version would be beneficial for fisheries, not least because the various substitutes have not served us well.
Mid-term assessment of structural valve deterioration of perceval S sutureless prosthesis using the last European consensus definition
Authors: Martínez-Comendador José Manuel , Estevez-Cid Francisco , González Barbeito Miguel , Velasco García De Sierra Carlos , Bouzas Mosquera Alberto , Barbeito Cayetana , Cuenca Castillo José , Herrera-Noreña José 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Durability of sutureless aortic bioprosthetic valves remains a major issue. The aim of this study was to assess structural valve deterioration (SVD) and bioprosthetic valve failure (BVF) of the Perceval bioprosthesis using the new proposed standardized definitions.

METHODS
All patients who underwent aortic valve replacement with sutureless Perceval S prostheses up to September 2016 were included. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up was performed. New standardized definitions were used to assess the durability of sutureless bioprosthetic valves. From 2013 to 2016, 214 patients were included.

RESULTS
The mean age and EuroSCORE II were 79 years and 2.74. Thirty-day mortality was 0.47%. The survival rate was 96.8%, 88.1% and 85.7% at 1, 3 and 4 years, respectively. The median echocardiographic follow-up was 3.28 years. The mean pressure gradient was 11.3 mmHg. No cases showed evidence of severe SVD, 17 patients had moderate SVD with a mean pressure gradient of 24 mmHg and 8 patients had definite late BVF. The incidence of moderate SVD and BVF at 4 years was 8.8% and 2.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Mid-term follow-up to 6.3 years after aortic valve replacement with the Perceval bioprosthesis documents favourable haemodynamic and clinical outcomes and low rates of SVD and BVF.
Sustainable green campus in NEPAL: 3E analysis
Authors: Yadav Bharosh Kumar , Rauniyar Pankaj Kumar , Sudhakar K , Bajracharya Tri Ratna , Priya S Shanmuga 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
In today’s world, where global warming is one of the greatest human challenges, sustainable energy generation is becoming increasingly relevant. The use of green and clean energy sources is the best way to minimize CO2, CO, NOX and other emissions of conventional energy usage. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are more beneficial and an exciting application to set up an eco-friendly green educational campus. In this regard, the potential sites within Tribhuvan University, Institute of Engineering, Purwanchal Campus, Dharan city, Nepal are analysed for grid-tied solar PV power plant installation to meet the 100% energy demand of the campus using energy, economic and environment-friendly analysis. The daily, monthly and annual load and solar irradiance data of past years of the campus have been analysed to estimate the solar PV plant’s capacity and system performance using PVSYST V7.0 software analysis tools .The simulation results show that 110 kWp of solar PV power plant will be sufficient for the entire campus to qualify for the first fully green-powered campus in Nepal, which corresponds to fulfill 66.4 MWh/year daytime energy demand out of total 161 MWh/year energy consumption of the campus with a capacity to generate a total of 181.5 MWh/year energy from the designed solar PV system. The result also shows that 115.1 MWh/year of surplus energy produced from the PV power plant can be injected into the utility grid to yield considerable savings in utility cost. On the basis of these results, campus authorities and stakeholders may commit to investing and implementing of this project to ensure that the campus is completely green.
The apelin/APJ system in the regulation of vascular tone: friend or foe?
Authors: Rikitake Yoshiyuki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The apelin (APJ) receptor was originally cloned as a gene encoding a putative G protein-coupled receptor related to angiotensin receptor type I. To date, two endogenous peptide ligands for APJ have been identified: apelin and elabela/Toddler. The apelin/APJ system regulates blood pressure and vascular tone. The endothelial and smooth muscle apelin/APJ systems exert opposite actions in the regulation of vascular tone. Binding of apelin to endothelial APJ promotes the release of vasodilators, such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, leading to vasodilation. Alternatively, binding of apelin to smooth muscle APJ induces vasoconstriction, although the molecular mechanisms of the apelin-induced vasoconstriction are poorly understood. Recently, a critical role for interaction of APJ with α1-adrenergic receptor in the apelin-induced vasoconstriction was reported. The action of apelin on vascular tone may depend upon blood vessel type or pathological condition. Although the apelin/APJ system could serve as a potential therapeutic target for hypertension and cardiovascular disease, the role of this system in various cell types appears to be complicated.
Modulating dynamics and function of nuclear actin with synthetic bicyclic peptides
Authors: Machida Nanako , Takahashi Daisuke , Ueno Yuya , Nakama Yoshihiro , Gubeli Raphael J , Bertoldo Davide , Harata Masahiko 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Actin exists in monomeric globular (G-) and polymerized filamentous (F-) forms and the dynamics of its polymerization/depolymerization are tightly regulated in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Various essential functions of nuclear actin have been identified including regulation of gene expression and involvement in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Small G-actin-binding molecules affect F-actin formation and can be utilized for analysis and manipulation of actin in living cells. However, these G-actin-binding molecules are obtained by extraction from natural sources or through complex chemical synthesis procedures, and therefore, the generation of their derivatives for analytical tools is underdeveloped. In addition, their effects on nuclear actin cannot be separately evaluated from those on cytoplasmic actin. Previously, we have generated synthetic bicyclic peptides, consisting of two macrocyclic rings, which bind to G-actin but not to F-actin. Here, we describe the introduction of these bicyclic peptides into living cells. Furthermore, by conjugation to a nuclear localization signal (NLS), the bicyclic peptides accumulated in the nucleus. The NLS-bicyclic peptides repress the formation of nuclear F-actin, and impair transcriptional regulation and DSB repair. These observations highlight a potential role for NLS-linked bicyclic peptides in the manipulation of dynamics and functions of nuclear actin.
Salinity acclimation alters acid and alkaline phosphatase expression and histological changes in the hepatopancreas of the oriental river prawnMacrobrachium nipponense(De Haan, 1849) (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae)
Authors: Sun Shengming , Wang Ning , Zhu Mengru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849), an economically important species, can live in freshwater and brackish water environments, but molecular mechanism of adaptation to varying salinity levels is still poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the effects of four different salinities (0, 6, 12, and 18‰) on metabolic responses, histological structure, and expression patterns of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the hepatopancreas. The full-length cDNAs of ACP and AKP of M. nipponense (designated MnACP and MnAKP, respectively) were obtained by rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR. Immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that MnAKP is located in the cell membrane of the hepatopancreas. Both genes were expressed in all seven studied tissues, with highest expression in the hepatopancreas by quantitative real-time PCR. The mRNA expression levels and enzyme activities of MnACP and MnAKP in the hepatopancreas significantly increased in 18‰ salinity group compared to other groups. Measurements of glycogen, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels suggested that prawns can adjust the energy metabolism in a way to provide additional energy under unsuitable salinity. Besides, prawns at high salinity produced higher B-cells and lower number of R-cells in hepatopancreatic tubules, also suggesting enhance the metabolic function of the hepatopancreas under high salinity. Our results provide a better understanding for the mechanism regulating salinity acclimation in the oriental river prawn.
Effect of Pheromone Blend Components, Sex Ratio, and Population Size on the Mating ofCadra cautella(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Sammani Abeysinghe Mudiyanselage Prabodha , Dissanayaka Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Saman Kumara , Wijayaratne Leanage Kanaka Wolly , Morrison William Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe almond moth Cadra cautella (Walker), a key pest of storage facilities, is difficult to manage using synthetic chemicals. Pheromone-based management methods remain a high priority due to advantages over conventional management practices, which typically use insecticides. Cadra cautella females release a blend of pheromone including (Z, E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (ZETA) and (Z)-9-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (ZTA). The effect of these components on mating of C. cautella and how response varies with the population density and sex ratio remain unknown. In this study, the mating status of C. cautella was studied inside mating cages under different ratios of ZETA and ZTA diluted in hexane and at different population sizes either with equal or unequal sex ratio. The lowest percentage of mated females (highest mating disruption [MD] effects), corresponding to roughly 12.5%, was produced by a 5:1 and 3.3:1 ratio of ZETA:ZTA. Populations with equal sex ratio showed the lowest percentage of mated females, at 20% and 12.5% under lower and higher density, respectively. The next lowest percentage of mated females was produced when the sex ratio was set to 1: 2 and 2:1 male:female, with just 25% and 22.5% of moths mated, respectively. This study shows that mating status of C. cautella is influenced by ZETA:ZTA ratio, sex ratio, and population size. This current knowledge would have useful implications for mating disruption programs.
Cardiovascular Care of the Oncology Patient During COVID-19: An Expert Consensus Document From the ACC Cardio-Oncology and Imaging Councils
Authors: Baldassarre Lauren A , Yang Eric H , Cheng Richard K , DeCara Jeanne M , Dent Susan , Liu Jennifer E , Rudski Lawrence G , Strom Jordan B , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh , Barac Ana , Zaha Vlad G , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara , Ellahham Samer , Deswal Anita , Lenneman Carrie , Villarraga Hector R , Blaes Anne H , Ismail-Khan Roohi , Ky Bonnie , Leja Monika J , Scherrer-Crosbie Marielle 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Cardio-Oncology and Imaging Councils of the American College of Cardiology offers recommendations to clinicians regarding the cardiovascular care of cardio-oncology patients in this expert consensus statement. Cardio-oncology patients—individuals with an active or prior cancer history and with or at risk of cardiovascular disease—are a rapidly growing population who are at increased risk of infection, and experiencing severe and/or lethal complications by COVID-19. Recommendations for optimizing screening and monitoring visits to detect cardiac dysfunction are discussed. In addition, judicious use of multimodality imaging and biomarkers are proposed to identify myocardial, valvular, vascular, and pericardial involvement in cancer patients. The difficulties of diagnosing the etiology of cardiovascular complications in patients with cancer and COVID-19 are outlined, along with weighing the advantages against risks of exposure, with the modification of existing cardiovascular treatments and cardiotoxicity surveillance in patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Everything Is Relative: How Citizens Form and Use Expectations in Evaluating Services
Authors: Favero Nathan , Kim Minjung 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In recent years, studies of citizen satisfaction have increasingly relied on the expectancy–disconfirmation model, which highlights the role that expectations play in driving citizen evaluations of government services. But most empirical studies within public administration of the relationship between expectations and satisfaction indicate that expectations have little-to-no net effect on satisfaction. We argue that these results may be largely driven by the weaknesses of existing measurement approaches and inattention in many studies to the distinction between two types of expectations: those about what should happen (normative expectations) versus those about what will happen (predictive expectations). Distinguishing between these two types of expectations is important because they are likely to have different—and perhaps even opposite—effects on satisfaction. We recruited 972 US residents via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to complete a survey vignette experiment and found that normative expectations are strongly (and negatively) related to satisfaction levels, whereas predictive expectations are barely related to satisfaction at all. We also find that comparative performance information generally has a much stronger effect on predictive expectations than on normative expectations. These findings suggest that theories of satisfaction should more consistently distinguish between different types of expectations. Our results also leave us somewhat optimistic about the ability of ordinary residents to follow a reasonable process when assigning normative meaning to performance information.
Interactive effect of climate warming and nitrogen deposition may shift the dynamics of native and invasive species
Authors: Ren Guang-Qian , Zou Chris B , Wan Ling-Yun , Johnson Jacob H , Li Jian , Zhu Lan , Qi Shan-Shan , Dai Zhi-Cong , Zhang Hai-Yan , Du Dao-Lin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsProjections of invasive species expansion under a warmer world often do not explicitly consider the concurring nitrogen (N) deposition. It remains largely unknown how the convoluted effect of climate warming and N deposition will shift the native and invasive species dynamics. Here, we hypothesize that the concurring increases in N and temperature would promote growth of invasive species greater than that of native species.MethodsA controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted to quantify the growth response of an invasive species (Solidago canadensis L.) and a co-existing native species (Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van) under the effects of climate warming, N deposition and their interactions.Important FindingsDue to the strong positive effect of N addition, the interactive effect of temperature increase and N addition resulted in an overall significant increase in growth of both invasive and native species, demonstrating that these manipulations may make microhabitats more favorable to plant growth. However, the relative increases in biomass, height and diameter of invasive S. canadensis were significantly lower than those of native A. argyi. This suggests that the vegetative growth superiority of invasive S. canadensis over the native species A. argyi is reduced by the enhanced N availability in the warmer world. Therefore, the inclusion of N deposition may mitigate the projection of invasive species S. canadensis expansion under climate warming.
Nature and Scope of Obligations
Authors: Correa Carlos Maria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the nature and scope of obligations in the Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. The first sentence of Article 1.1 of the TRIPS Agreement re-states a basic principle of international law: pacta sunt servanda. It makes clear that the obligations imposed by the Agreement are to be given effect by Members within their respective jurisdictions. Neither this article nor any other provision of the Agreement specifies how such obligations are to be implemented. In countries that follow a ‘dualist’ approach to international law, implementing regulations would be needed, as the Agreement would not be recognized as self-executing. In those adopting a ‘monist’ approach, the Agreement may be directly applied by judicial and administrative authorities, at least to the extent that the provisions are clear enough and self-contained. The way in which the Agreement is implemented may have important implications on the conditions for the access to and use of technology, particularly in developing countries, and on their economic and social development. It is crucial, therefore, to clearly identify the options left by the Agreement to implement its provisions in a manner that is as consistent as possible with Members’ interests and strategies.
Industrial Designs
Authors: Correa Carlos Maria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on industrial designs, which are generally defined as features of ornamentation applied to an article. They consist of the shape, configuration, pattern, or ornament—or a combination thereof—of a product that gives it eye-appeal. Industrial designs normally exclude those designs determined solely by their utilitarian function on an article. The protection of industrial designs is addressed in the Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement by only two Articles. Article 25 defines the requirements for protection, and Article 26 the extent of exclusive rights and the admissible exceptions. This scant treatment reflects the fact that the protection of industrial designs had a low priority in the TRIPS negotiations for the US and other countries, except perhaps the European Communities (EC), which aimed at enhancing such protection, of particular value, for instance, for fashion industries.
Control of Restrictive Practices in Contractual Licences
Authors: Correa Carlos Maria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses Article 40 of the Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement, which is the outcome of a proposal originally made by developing countries, which were concerned about the impact of strengthened intellectual property rights (IPRs) on the conditions of voluntary licenses. Article 40.1 recognizes that some licensing practices pertaining to intellectual property rights which restrain competition ‘may have adverse effects on trade and impede the transfer and dissemination of technology’. Meanwhile, unlike most provisions of the TRIPS Agreement, Article 40.2 does not contain specific obligations. It expressly allows countries to adopt measures to control or prevent certain practices or conditions relating to licensing agreements. Judgement of whether they should be controlled or prevented is based on three elements. Contractual practices or conditions should: be examined in each particular case; constitute an ‘abuse’ of intellectual property rights; and have an ‘adverse effect on competition in the relevant market’.
The Rise of Arbitration in Brazil
Authors: Sester Peter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This introductory chapter discusses the rise of arbitration in Brazil. Modern commercial arbitration in Brazil is overtaking classic strongholds of international arbitration, despite its relatively young history. The Brazilian Arbitration Law (BAL) was adopted in 1996, eleven years after Brazil's re-democratization in 1985. The law revoked those parts of the Civil Procedure Code of 1973 particularly detrimental to the success of arbitration in the last century. Rather than integrating the new arbitration law into the existing Civil Procedure Code (CPC), the Brazilian legislator preserved it as a standalone act, thus revoking the CPC's pre-existing arbitration rules. In this way, the legislator facilitated developing an interpretation sui generis, thus preventing the matter from being taken over entirely by scholars of civil procedure law. Today, Brazilian arbitration scholars and practitioners come from many different backgrounds, including commercial, civil, international, and civil procedure law. Even tax, constitutional, and administrative lawyers are part of the community. The chapter then looks at the ratification of the New York Convention (NYC) in Brazil.
International versus National Awards
Authors: Martins Pedro Batista 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the difference between international and national awards. The Superior Tribunal of Justice (STJ) is, strictly speaking, the last judicial body competent to deal with matters of an infra-constitutional nature. Hence, it is the Court that harmonizes the case law related to arbitration in Brazil. In 2004, the competence to recognize and enforce foreign judicial and arbitral awards was transferred from the Supremo Tribunal Federal (Supreme Court) to the STJ. Immediately after being granted such competence, the STJ introduced very contemporaneous rules on the recognition and enforcement of foreign awards by issuing on May 4, 2005 the Resolution Number 9. It is possible to issue provisional relief during the recognition proceeding; it is also possible to issue partial recognition of foreign arbitral awards; and allowed to enforce provisional relief granted abroad through rogatory letter. The chapter then highlights the main arbitration concepts and addresses the STJ's arbitration case law.