bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic Selection for Enhanced Fruit Flavor
Authors: Colantonio Vincent , Ferrão Luis Felipe V. , Tieman Denise , Bliznyuk Nikolay , Sims Charles , Klee Harry , Munoz Patricio R. , Resende Marcio F. R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough they are staple foods in cuisines globally, commercial fruit varieties have become progressively less flavorful over time. Due to the cost and difficulty associated with flavor phenotyping, many breeding programs have long been challenged in selecting for this complex trait. To address this issue, we leveraged targeted metabolomics of diverse tomato and blueberry accessions and their corresponding consumer panel ratings to create statistical and machine learning models that can predict sensory perceptions of fruit flavor. Using these models, a breeding program can assess flavor ratings for a large number of varieties, previously limited by the low-throughput and high cost of consumer sensory panels. The ability to predict consumer ratings of liking, sweet, sour, umami, and flavor intensity was evaluated by a 10-fold cross-validation and the accuracies of 18 different models are assessed. The best performing models were used to infer the flavor compounds (sugars, acids, and volatiles) that contribute most to each flavor attribute. The prediction accuracies were high for most attributes in both blueberries and tomatoes. We expect that these models will enable an earlier incorporation of flavor as breeding targets and encourage selection and release of more flavorful fruit varieties.
A Volatile Signal Controls Virulence in the Plant PathogenPseudomonas syringaepv.syringaeand a Strategy for Infection Control in Organic Farming
Authors: Sieber Simon , Mathew Anugraha , Jenul Christian , Kohler Tobias , Bär Max , Carrión Víctor J. , Cazorla Francisco M. , Stalder Urs , Hsieh Ya-Chu , Bigler Laurent , Eberl Leo , Gademann Karl 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPseudomonas syringaeis an important pathogen of many agriculturally valuable crops. Among the various pathovars describedP. syringaepv.syringae(Pss) has a particularly wide host range, infecting primarily woody and herbaceous host plants. The ability of Pss to cause bacterial apical necrosis of mango trees is dependent on the production of the antimetabolite toxin mangotoxin. The production of this toxin was shown to be regulated by a self-produced signaling molecule. In this study, we determined the structure of the Pss signal molecule belonging to the recently described family of diazeniumdiolate communication molecules. Employing a targeted mass spectrometry-based approach, we provide experimental evidence that the major signal produced by Pss is the volatile compound leudiazen, which controls mangotoxin production and virulence in a detached tomato leaflet infection model. Experimental results demonstrate that KMnO4solution inactivates leudiazen and that treatment of infected leaves with KMnO4abolishes necrosis. This strategy represents the first example of chemically degrading a signaling molecule to interfere with bacterial communication. The application of KMnO4solution, which is regulatorily approved in organic farming, may constitute an environmentally friendly strategy to control Pss infections.
Cardiac glycosides cause selective cytotoxicity in human macrophages and ameliorate white adipose tissue homeostasis
Authors: Olona Antoni , Hateley Charlotte , Guerrero Ana , Ko Jeong-Hun , Johnson Michael R , Thomas David , Gil Jesus , Behmoaras Jacques 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCardiac glycosides (CGs) inhibit the Na+,K+-ATPase and are widely prescribed medicines for chronic heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. Recently, CGs have been described to induce inflammasome activation in human macrophages, suggesting a cytotoxicity that remains to be elucidated in tissues. Here we show that human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) undergo cell death following incubation with nanomolar concentrations of CGs, and in particular with ouabain (IC50=50 nM). The ouabain-induced cell death is more efficient in hMDMs compared to non-adherent PBMC populations and is through on-target inhibition of Na,K-ATPAse activity, as it causes an intracellular depletion of K+, while inducing accumulation of Na+and Ca2+levels. Consistently, the cell-death caused by these ion imbalances can be rescued by addition of potassium chloride in hMDMs. Strikingly, white adipose tissue (WAT) explants from morbidly obese patients cultured with nanomolar concentrations of ouabain causes depletion of macrophages, decreases type VI collagen levels, and ameliorates insulin-sensitivityex vivo. These results suggest that the usage of nanomolar concentration of CGs can be an attractive therapeutic avenue in metabolic syndrome characterised by pathogenic infiltration and activation of macrophages.
Investigation of the relationship between intensity measures and engineering demand parameters of cable-stayed bridges using intra-plate earthquakes
Authors: He Jin-Hai , Pang Yu-Tao , Dang Xinzhi , Yuan Wan-Cheng 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate and reveal this relationship of various engineering demand parameters (EDPs) of this structural type and intensity measures (IMs) under intra-plate earthquakes.Design/methodology/approachThe nonlinear finite element model used was calibrated first to the existing results of the shaking table test to verify the modeling technique.FindingsThis paper investigated the relationship between intensity measures and various engineering demand parameters of cable-stayed bridges using intra-plate earthquakes. The correlation analysis and Pearson coefficient are used to study the correlation between EDPs and IMs. The results showed that peak ground velocity (PGV)/peak ground acceleration, peak ground displacement and root-mean-square of displacement showed weak correlation with IMs. PGV, sustained maximum velocity, a peak value of spectral velocity, A95 parameter, Housner intensity and spectral acceleration at the fundamental period, the spectral velocity at the fundamental period and spectral displacement at the fundamental period were determined to be better predictors for various EDPs.Originality/valueThis paper investigated the correlation between the intensity measures of intra-plate earthquakes with the seismic responses of a typical long-span cable-stayed bridge in China. The nonlinear finite element model used was calibrated to the existing results of the shaking table test to verify the modeling technique. In total, 104 selected ground motions were applied to the calibrated model, and the responses of various components of the bridge were obtained. This study proposed PGV as the optimal IM.
Disaster Colonialism: A Commentary on Disasters beyond Singular Events to Structural Violence
Authors: Rivera Danielle Zoe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDisasters are often, outside disaster studies, viewed as singularities. This characterization of disaster disallows analysis of racial violence and dispossession structurally instituted across multiple disasters. As a result, repeatedly poor pre‐disaster and post‐disaster planning is leveraged to displace and disenfranchise marginalized communities. With climate change, disasters are projected to become more intense and frequent, necessitating a serious inquiry into inequalities occurring across repeated disasters. This essay uses theories of colonialism and coloniality from Puerto Rico to examine how colonialism operates through repeated disaster, in this case hurricanes. Building off of research on environmental colonialism in Puerto Rico, the concept of disaster colonialism is proposed to explain how procedural vulnerability is deepened through disasters and subsequently leveraged to deepen coloniality. To illustrate the utility of this term, a brief overview of Puerto Rico's environmental history with hurricanes is examined through the lens of disaster colonialism. Ultimately, the commentary poses three questions to planners relative to the concept of disaster colonialism.
Identification, in silico characterization, and expression analysis of Tenebrio molitor Cecropin‐2
Authors: Ali Mohammadie Kojour Maryam , Jang Ho Am , Edosa Tariku Tesfaye , Keshavarz Maryam , Kim Bo Bae , Bae Young Min , Patnaik Bharat Bhusan , Han Yeon Soo , Jo Yong Hun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered to be candidate effectors for eliciting humoral immune responses against infectious pathogens in the host. Cecropins are α‐helical peptides of 30–40 amino acids, which are known to permeabilize bacterial membranes, and play authoritative roles in the innate immune system of insects. In the present study, we identified the full‐length open reading frame (ORF) encoding the Tenebrio molitor cecropin‐2 (TmCec2) gene using the Tribolium castaneum cecropin‐2 (TcCec2) gene to query a T. molitor Rnaseq database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close identity of TmCec2 with TcCec2. TmCec2 was ubiquitously expressed in the insect during all developmental stages, with the highest expression observed in the adult. Tissue‐specific TmCec2 expression was highest in larval hemocytes and in the adult integument and hemocytes. Microbial challenge experiments revealed that TmCec2 was highly induced in response to gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria, and fungi. These data provide credible evidence for a putative role of TmCec2 in insect innate immunity against a plethora of pathogens.
A comprehensive and comparative evaluation of primers for metabarcoding eDNA from fish
Authors: Zhang Shan , Zhao Jindong , Yao Meng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Accurate assessments of fish species diversity and community composition are essential for understanding fish ecology and conservation management. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has become an integrated method for monitoring fish species. The accuracy and efficacy of eDNA metabarcoding rely heavily on the choice of primers used for PCR amplification. A wide selection of metabarcoding primers for fish has been developed; however, there exists no comprehensive and comparative evaluation of their amplification or taxonomic classification of a rich diversity of fish species, which hinders informed decisions regarding their suitability for different study systems.

Here we reviewed the literature and compiled a list of 22 primer sets for eDNA‐based metabarcoding analysis of teleost fish, the performance of which was compared using in silico PCR, followed by in vitro metabarcoding analysis using eDNA from waterbodies in Beijing, which harbour a high number of freshwater fish species.

We found that the primers showed considerable differences in the amplified taxonomic ranges and proportions, fish taxa richness, species discrimination power and fish community compositions, both in silico and in vitro. The number of fish taxa detected from eDNA by the primer sets varied from 0 to 66. Primers targeting the 12S rRNA gene generally detected greater fish diversity than those targeting the 16S rRNA or COI genes, while primers targeting the cytochrome b gene amplified the fewest fish taxa in vitro.

Regarding target genes, 12S primers generally outperformed other primers in terms of amplified fish diversity. The results of in silico PCR and in vitro tests were not always in agreement, suggesting that primer choice for biodiversity surveys should not be based solely on in silico evaluation. The use of different primers can qualitatively and quantitatively affect the detected biodiversity and these effects should be considered in experimental design and data interpretation. These results will assist with primer selection for eDNA‐based fish surveys, and consequently support conservation of freshwater biodiversity.
A drop in immigration results in the extinction of a local woodchat shrike population
Authors: Schaub M. , Ullrich B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe demographic reasons of local population extinctions are rarely known which hampers learning for preventing extinction of other populations. Here we study the demography of a population of the endangered woodchat shrike Lanius senator at the edge of its distribution range from 1966 to 1992. We recorded the number of breeding pairs and collected reproduction and capture‐recapture data which were analysed with an integrated population model. Population size and most demographic rates fluctuated, but did not show long‐term trends. The most important demographic driver for the variation in the annual population growth rate was immigration. Despite its dependence on immigration, the local population was not necessarily a sink but may have been part of a balanced dispersal system. A population viability analysis showed that the risk was zero for the population to go extinct due to stochastic events during the 10 years after 1992. Yet, the population went extinct 6 years after the end of the study. The only demographic mechanism that can explain the fast extinction is a stop of immigration. The population was always dependent on immigration due to the strong dispersal of the shrikes and became more isolated due to the overall decline of the species. Our results suggest that the reservoir of potential immigrants may have become insufficient to maintain the local population and highlights that local populations can go extinct without the need of local changes in demography. Successful conservation of bird populations with similar demography as woodchat shrikes need to focus on spatial scales that extend significantly beyond the local one.
System biology analysis reveals the role of voltage‐dependent anion channel in mitochondrial dysfunction during non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease progression into hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Yanping , Zhang Chao , Xu Fuyi , Zhao Miaoqing , Bergquist Jonas , Yang Chunhua , Liu Xiuxiu , Tan Ying , Wang Xiang , Li Shasha , Jiang Wenguo , Ong Qunxiang , Lu Lu , Mi Jia , Tian Geng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the underlying mechanisms behind the correlation of NAFLD with HCC are unclear. We aimed to uncover the genes and potential mechanisms that drive this progression. This study uncovered the genes and potential mechanisms through a multiple ’omics integration approach. Quantitative proteomics combined with phenotype‐association analysis was performed. To investigate the potential mechanisms, a comprehensive transcriptome/lipidome/phenome‐wide association analysis was performed in genetic reference panel BXD mice strains. The quantitative proteomics combined with phenotype‐association results showed that VDAC1 was significantly increased in tumor tissues and correlated with NAFLD‐related traits. Gene co‐expression network analysis indicated that VDAC1 is involved in mitochondria dysfunction in the tumorigenic/tumor progression. The association between VDAC1 and mitochondria dysfunction can be explained by the fact that VDAC1 was associated with mitochondria membrane lipids cardiolipin (CL) composition shift. VDAC1 was correlated with the suppression of mature specie CL(LLLL) and elevation level of nascent CL species. Such profiling shift was supported by the significant positive correlation between VDAC1 and PTPMT1, as well as negative correlation with CL remodeling enzyme Tafazzin (TAZ). This study confirmed that the expression of VADC1 was dysregulated in NAFLD‐driven HCC and associated with NAFLD progression. The VDAC1‐driven mitochondria dysfunction is associated with cardiolipin composition shift, which causes alteration of mitochondria membrane properties.
Antioxidant activities and mechanisms of polysaccharides
Authors: Mu Si , Yang Wenjian , Huang Gangliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolysaccharide, as one of the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine, has the activities of anti‐oxidation, anti‐virus, improving immunity and so on. Chinese herbal polysaccharides have a wide range of sources. It is found that polysaccharides in many plants and microorganisms have significant antioxidant effects, mainly through the endogenous antioxidant stress Nrf2/ARE pathway to regulate the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes. These antioxidant enzymes can further block the free radical chain reaction, thus reducing the generation of free radicals. Secondly, by inhibiting the expression of iNOS mRNA and reducing NO production, it can significantly increase the antioxidant capacity and reduce oxidative stress injury. Polysaccharides are rich in natural resources, their multi‐channel, multi‐target, multi‐effect, and other characteristics have made great progress in antioxidants.
Patch test results with the European baseline series and additions thereof in the ESSCA network, 2015‐2018
Authors: Uter Wolfgang , Bauer Andrea , Belloni Fortina Anna , Bircher Andreas J. , Brans Richard , Buhl Timo , Cooper Susan M. , Czarnecka‐Operacz Magdalena , Dickel Heinrich , Dugonik Aleksandra , Geier Johannes , Giménez‐Arnau Ana M. , Gonçalo Margarida , Johansen Jeanne D. , Johnston Graham A. , Mahler Vera , Rustemeyer Thomas , Sanchez‐Perez Javier , Schuttelaar Marie L.A. , Simon Dagmar , Spiewak Radoslaw , Valiukevičienė Skaidra , Weisshaar Elke , White Ian R. , Wilkinson Mark ,   ESSCA Working Group
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical surveillance of the prevalence of contact allergy in consecutively patch tested patients is a proven instrument to continually assess the importance of contact allergens (haptens) assembled in a baseline series.ObjectivesTo present current results from the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies, including 13 countries represented by 1 to 11 departments.MethodsAnonymized or pseudonymized patch test and clinical data from various data capture systems used locally or nationally as transferred to the Erlangen data centre were pooled and descriptively analysed after quality control.ResultsIn the 4 years (2015‐2018), data from 51 914 patients patch tested with the European baseline series (EBS) of contact allergens were analysed. Contact allergy to nickel was most frequent (17.6% positive), followed by contact allergy to fragrance mix I (6.9%), methylisothiazolinone (MI; 6.2%), andMyroxylon pereiraeresin (balsam of Peru; 5.8%).ConclusionsWhile the prevalence of MI contact allergy decreased substantially following regulatory intervention, the persistently high levels of allergy to metals, fragrances, other preservatives, and rubber chemicals point to problems needing further research and, potentially, preventive efforts. Results with national additions to the baseline series provide important information on substances possibly to be considered for inclusion in the EBS.
Youth‐oriented outcomes of education, employment and training interventions for upcoming youth: Protocol for a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Hawke Lisa D. , Hayes Em , Iyer Srividya , Killackey Eóin , Chinnery Gina , Gariépy Geneviève , Thabane Lehana , Darnay Karleigh , Alagaratnam Akosua , Tucker‐Kilfoil Stephanie , Moxness Katherine , Hachimi‐Idrissi Najia , Winkelmann Ina , Henderson Joanna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe issue of youth who are not engaged in education, employment or training has been a focus of policymakers for decades. Although interventions exist for these youth, they often measure success in ways that fail to capture what youth seek to gain. The project aims to address this gap by assessing youth‐oriented outcomes for interventions targeting upcoming youth. Acknowledging the stigma attached to the deficit‐based notion of not engaged in education, employment or training, hereafter we refer to ‘upcoming youth’, a term coined by youth partners on the project. This study asks what youth want to achieve by participating in an intervention for upcoming youth, with a view to guiding service and research design.MethodsA mixed‐methods discrete choice experiment will be conducted with youth engaged as partners. A qualitative (focus group) stage will be conducted to design discrete‐choice experiment attributes and levels. The experiment will be piloted and administered online to approx. 500 youth (aged 14‐29) across Canada to identify the outcomes that youth prioritize for interventions. Latent class analyses will then be conducted to explore clusters of outcomes that different groups of youth prioritize.ConclusionsFrom a strengths‐based recovery‐oriented framework, hearing the voices of the target population is important in designing and evaluating services. This youth‐oriented research project will identify the intervention outcomes that are the highest priority for upcoming youth. Findings will inform the development, implementation and testing of interventions targeting relevant outcomes for youth who are not engaged in education, employment or training.
Anticoagulation strategies in extracorporeal circulatory devices in adult populations
Authors: Kato Catherine , Oakes Michael , Kim Morris , Desai Anish , Olson Sven R. , Raghunathan Vikram , Shatzel Joseph J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExtracorporeal circulatory devices such as hemodialysis and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be lifesaving; however, they are also prone to pathologic events including device failure, venous and arterial thrombosis, hemorrhage, and an accelerated risk for atherosclerotic disease due to interactions between blood components and device surfaces of varying biocompatibility. While extracorporeal devices may be used acutely for limited periods of time (eg, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, continuous venovenous hemofiltration, therapeutic apheresis), some patients require chronic use of these technologies (eg, intermittent hemodialysis and left ventricular assist devices). Given the substantial thrombotic risks associated with extracorporeal devices, multiple antiplatelet and anticoagulation strategies—including unfractionated heparin, low‐molecular‐weight heparin, citrate, direct thrombin inhibitors, and direct oral anticoagulants, have been used to mitigate the thrombotic milieu within the patient and device. In the following manuscript, we outline the current data on anticoagulation strategies for commonly used extracorporeal circulatory devices, highlighting the potential benefits and complications involved with each.