bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperthyroidism and bone mineral density: Dissecting the causal association with Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Deshmukh Harshal , Papageorgiou Maria , Aye Mo , England James , Abdalla Mohammed , Sathyapalan Thozhukat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionUntreated hyperthyroidism is associated with accelerated bone turnover, low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased susceptibility to fragility fractures. Although treatment appears to improve or even reverse some of these adverse skeletal effects, there is limited guidance on routine BMD assessment in hyperthyroid patients following treatment. By using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we aimed to assess the causal association of hyperthyroid thyroid states with BMD and fractures using the UK Biobank.MethodsThis MR analysis included data from 473 818 participants (women: 54% of the total sample, the median age of 58.0 years (IQR = 50‐63 years), median body mass index (BMI) of 26.70 (IQR + 24.11‐29.82 kg/m2) as part of the UK Biobank study. The study outcomes were heel BMD assessed by quantitative ultrasound of the heel and self‐reported fractures. Beta‐weighted genetic risk score analysis was performed using 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for Graves' disease, 9 SNPs for hyperthyroidism and 11 SNPs for autoimmune thyroiditis. Since the unadjusted risk score MR is equivalent to the inverse‐variance weighted method, the genetic risk score analysis was adjusted for age, gender and BMI. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using the Mendelian randomization‐Egger (MR‐Egger) and the inverse‐variance weighted estimate methods. Replication analysis was performed using the GEnetic Factors for Osteoporosis (GEFOS) consortium data.ResultsMR analysis using beta‐weighted genetic risk score showed no association of genetic risk for Graves’ disease (Beta = −0.01,P‐value = .10), autoimmune thyroiditis (Beta = −0.006P‐value = .25) and hyperthyroidism (Beta = −0.009,P‐value = .18) with heel ultrasound BMD. MR‐Egger and inverse‐variance MR methods in UK Biobank and GEFOS consortium confirmed these findings. The genetic risk for these hyperthyroid conditions was not associated with an increased risk of fractures.ConclusionOur study shows that excess genetic risk for Graves' autoimmune thyroiditis and hyperthyroidism does not increase the risk for low BMD and is not associated fractures in the Caucasian population. Our findings do not support routine screening for osteoporosis following definitive treatment of hyperthyroid states.
Temporal trends in craniopharyngioma management and long‐term endocrine outcomes: A multicentre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hussein Ziad , Glynn Nigel , Martin Niamh , Alkrekshi Akram , Mendoza Nigel , Nair Ramesh , McCullough Katherine , Marcus Hani J. , Dorward Neil , Grieve Joan , Fersht Naomi , Dyson Edward , Bouloux Pierre‐Marc , Druce Maralyn , Baldeweg Stephanie E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal management of craniopharyngiomas remains controversial.ObjectivesTo examine temporal trends in the management of craniopharyngioma with a focus on endocrine outcomes.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, multicentre study. Patients treated between 1951 and 2015 were identified and divided into four quartiles. Demographics, presentation, treatment and outcomes were collected.ResultsIn total, 142 patients with childhood‐onset craniopharyngioma (48/142; 34%) and adult‐onset disease (94/142; 66%) were included. The median follow‐up was 15 years (IQR 5‐23 years). Across quartiles, there was a significant trend towards using transsphenoidal surgery (P < .0001). The overall use of radiotherapy was not different among the four quartiles (P = .33). At the latest clinical review, the incidence of GH, ACTH, gonadotrophin deficiencies and anterior panhypopituitarism fell significantly across the duration of the study. Anterior panhypopituitarism was not affected by treatment modality (surgery vs surgery and radiotherapy) (P = .23). There was no difference in the incidence of high BMI (≥25 kg/m2) among the four quartiles (P = .14). BMI was higher in patients who treated with surgery and radiotherapy than those treated with surgery only (P = .006). Tumour regrowth occurred in 51 patients (51/142; 36%) with no difference in regrowth among quartiles over the time course of the study (P = .15).ConclusionWe demonstrate a significant reduction in panhypopituitarism in craniopharyngioma patients over time, most likely because of a trend towards more transsphenoidal surgery. However, long‐term endocrine sequelae remain common and lifelong follow‐up is required.
Revised 15‐item Glasgow Benefit Inventory with five factors based on analysis of a large population study of medical and surgical otorhinolaryngological interventions
Authors: Browning George G. , Kubba Haytham , Whitmer William M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo review, using confirmatory factor analysis, the widely used 18‐question Glasgow Benefit Inventory [GBI] that has three factors. Thereafter to develop, using exploratory factor analysis, a more coherent, revised version of the GBI.DesignConfirmatory and exploratory factor analysis of a large national GBI data set of ORL interventions.SettingAdult otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinics in six University Hospital departments.ParticipantsOne thousand nine hundred eighty adult patients who had complete GBI data and who underwent an active (medical or surgical) intervention, out of the total data set of 9005 patients from the original Scottish ENT Outcome Study [SENTOS].ResultsOne of the 18 questions was discarded from the data base because it was not answered by 8% of respondents. Two of the original factors remained (Physical Health, renamed General Health, and Social Support, renamed Support). The General factor was split into three new factors (Quality of Life, Self‐Confidence and Social Involvement). The three new factors were found to give additional information regarding the area of benefit.This reduced number of questions does not make any material difference to the results of the >196 existing GBI papers in the literature.ConclusionA 15‐question GBI with five factors is provided that is more explanatory of the areas of benefit.
Modeling a Cognitive Transition at the Origin of Cultural Evolution Using Autocatalytic Networks
Authors: Gabora Liane , Steel Mike 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAutocatalytic networks have been used to model the emergence of self‐organizing structure capable of sustaining life and undergoing biological evolution. Here, we model the emergence ofcognitivestructure capable of undergoingculturalevolution. Mental representations (MRs) of knowledge and experiences play the role of catalytic molecules, and interactions among them (e.g., the forging of new associations) play the role of reactions and result in representational redescription. The approach tags MRs with their source, that is, whether they were acquired through social learning, individual learning (ofpre‐existinginformation), or creative thought (resulting in the generation ofnewinformation). This makes it possible to model how cognitive structure emerges and to trace lineages of cumulative culture step by step. We develop a formal representation of the cultural transition from Oldowan to Acheulean tool technology using Reflexively Autocatalytic and Food set generated (RAF) networks. Unlike more primitive Oldowan stone tools, the Acheulean hand axe required not only the capacity to envision and bring into being something that did not yet exist, but hierarchically structured thought and action, and the generation of new MRs: the concepts EDGING, THINNING, SHAPING, and a meta‐concept, HAND AXE. We show how this constituted a key transition toward the emergence of semantic networks that were self‐organizing, self‐sustaining, and autocatalytic, and we discuss how such networks replicated through social interaction. The model provides a promising approach to unraveling one of the greatest anthropological mysteries: that of why development of the Acheulean hand axe was followed by over a million years of cultural stasis.
Plasma mycophenolic acid concentration and the clinical outcome after lung transplantation
Authors: Yabuki Hiroshi , Matsuda Yasushi , Watanabe Tatsuaki , Eba Shunsuke , Hoshi Fumihiko , Hirama Takashi , Oishi Hisashi , Sado Tetsu , Noda Masafumi , Sakurada Akira , Kikuchi Masafumi , Yamaguchi Hiroaki , Mano Nariyasu , Okada Yoshinori 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid (MPA) has been investigated for renal and heart transplantations; however, its usefulness in lung transplantation is unclear.MethodsThe MPA area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) was calculated in 59 adult lung transplant recipients. The MPA AUC0‐12s were compared among the three groups determined by the presence of adverse events (no events, infection, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction [CLAD]). Next, MPA AUC0‐12 thresholds for the adverse events were identified by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Cumulative occurrence rate of the adverse events was compared between two groups (adequate and inadequate groups) according to the thresholds.ResultsThe MPA AUC0‐12s in the no event, infection, and CLAD groups were 30.3 ± 6.5, 36.8 ± 10.7, and 20.6 ± 9.6 µg·h/mL, respectively (P = .0027), while the tacrolimus trough levels were similarly controlled in the groups. The thresholds of MPA AUC0‐12 for the occurrence of infection and CLAD were 40.5 and 22.8 µg·h/mL, respectively. The cumulative occurrence rate of adverse events of adequate group (15.3%) was significantly lower than that of inadequate group (56.0%) (P = .0050).ConclusionsThe MPA AUC0‐12 may affect the occurrence of adverse events in lung transplant recipients.
Double interatrial septum with persistent interatrial chamber: A rare but clinically significant anomaly
Authors: Adamane Jayaram Ashwal , Uddina Kumeri Abdul Razak , Rao Sudhakar M , Tuli Aakash , Nayak Krishnananda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDouble interatrial septum is an extremely rare congenital anomaly which forms a distinguished midline interatrial chamber between the two atria. The objective of this case report is to highlight this unusual anomaly and to discuss the potential complications of this condition. We report the case of a 6‐year‐old asymptomatic child who underwent cardiac evaluation for a soft systolic murmur eventually being diagnosed with double interatrial septum.
Echocardiographic parameters associated with recovery in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Shah Muhammad Azam , Soofi Muhammad Adil , Jafary Zainab , Alhomrani Ashwaq , Alsmadi Faisal , Wani Tariq Ahmad , Bajwa Iftikhar Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to determine the clinical and echocardiographic parameters of patients with recovered heart failure (HFrecEF).MethodologySixty‐seven patients (cases) were identified as heart failure with recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF), defined as improvement in EF ≥ 10%. Sixty‐nine patients (controls) were randomly selected by convenience sampling with no or <10% improvement in EF (HFrEF non‐recovered).ResultsThe mean interval between baseline and follow‐up echocardiography was 10.5 months in cases and 11.2 months in the control group. HFrecEF showed a 22.7% improvement in mean ejection fraction, and HFrEF non‐recovered group also showed a minor increment of 5.5%. HFrecEF patients were significantly younger (49.51 vs 57.54 years, P .001) with non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy (86.6% vs 52.2%). Patients with HFrecEF had significantly less left ventricular end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes (LVEDV: 162.51 mL vs 208.54 mL, P < .001; LVESV: 119.81 mL vs 157.13 mL, P < .001) and index left atrial volume (37.66 mL vs 47.09 mL, P < .001) than patients with non‐recovered EF. The right ventricle (RV) and inferior vena cava were significantly dilated with higher mean tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) among patients with HFrecEF than HFrEF non‐recovered.ConclusionBased on univariate analysis, younger age, non‐ischemic etiology, LVEDV, LVESV, deceleration time, better TAPSE, dilated right ventricle, dilated IVC, and smaller left atrial volumes were found significant, but on multivariate logistic regression model only left ventricle end‐diastolic volume, left atrial volume, and TAPSE were linked to the recovery of ejection fraction.
Tissue Doppler and speckle tracking echocardiography assessment of left ventricular function in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kizilca Ozgur , Demircan Tulay , Isik Sakine , Yılmaz Nuh , Kir Mustafa , Uzuner Nevin , Unal Nurettin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis may lead to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. This dysfunction can be documented by methods such as tissue Doppler echocardiographic (TDI) imaging and two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in early stage.Study designThis was prospective cohort study.MethodsA total of 34 patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (mean age and SD 9.9 ± 4.9 years) and 37 healthy control subjects with a comparable gender and age distribution (mean age 9.8 ± 4.3) were studied. The results for the two groups were compared along with the results of published reports.ResultsNo significant relationship was found between the groups in terms of systolic and diastolic measurements of the interventricular septum and posterior left ventricular wall, and ejection fraction (P > .05). Myocardial performance indexes of left ventricular free wall and interventricular septum increased in the patient group compared with the controls (P < .05). As measured by STE, seven segments in the LV myocardial longitudinal strain and three segments in the LV myocardial circumferential strain showed significant reductions in patients with cystic fibrosis compared with controls (P < .05). The longitudinal global, circumferential global, and total global strain values had no significant difference between the groups (P > .05). Longitudinal strain rates and circumferential strain rates were both lower in five segments in the patient group (P < .05).ConclusionsTissue Doppler echocardiographic imaging and STE may help identifying subclinical LV dysfunction in cystic fibrosis patients with unremarkable conventional echocardiography. They may be considered for the routine follow‐up of cystic fibrosis patients.
A common European Curriculum for Dental Hygiene ‐ Domain I: Professionalism
Authors: Öhrn Kerstin , Danielsen Bo , Field James 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis position paper outlines the areas of competence and learning outcomes of the Common European Curriculum for Dental Hygiene (CECDH) that specifically relate to Professionalism. Professionalism is a commitment to a set of values, behaviours and relationships, which underpin the trust that the public hold in Dental Care Professionals. Shortcomings within this domain are often responsible for patient dissatisfaction, concern and complaint—and emphasis is placed on the importance of embedding these values from an early stage within the curriculum.
A simple design feature to increase hydro‐period in constructed ephemeral wetlands to avoid tadpole desiccation‐induced mortality
Authors: Beranek Chad T. , Clulow John , Mahony Michael 
Published: September 2020

SummaryHere, we identify an easily implemented wetland design feature that can prolong tadpole survival of the threatened Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea). We observed small depressions that naturally formed within some wetlands following the construction of habitat for this species. We observed that wetlands containing depressions prolonged the survival of Green and Golden Bell Frog tadpoles during periods of rapid wetland drying whereas wetlands that did not contain depressions in the same circumstances dried, causing 100% mortality in tadpoles present. We recommend that this concept be considered as a design feature in future wetland construction for Green and Golden Bell Frog and other ephemeral wetland breeding amphibians and we provide commentary on how the benefits of this feature can be maximised. This simple design feature may be important for amphibian restoration, particularly considering climate change.
Bronchopleural fistula in the horse: A conduit of chronicity
Authors: Beasley E. M. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBronchopleural fistulas occur secondary to severe, chronic, bacterial pleuropneumonia in horses. Primary closure is rarely reported, and most bronchopleural fistulas resolve with time and prolonged antimicrobial administration. The case report in this issue describes primary closure with acrylate co‐monomer glue. When faced with severe pleuropneumonia, clinicians can anticipate a good clinical outcome when infection can be eradicated which requires patience, persistence and the client’s financial fortitude.
Fibromatous epulis and peripheral odontogenic fibroma in horses
Authors: Hollis A. R. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryFibromatous epulis is a rare tumour in horses which is analogous to the same condition in dogs and peripheral odontogenic fibromas in man. The nomenclature is varied throughout the veterinary literature, but these tumours are most correctly known as peripheral odontogenic fibromas. Although these lesions are benign, they have a high recurrence rate in other species, so wide local excision is important to give the best possible prognosis.
Where do you think you’re going? Accounting for ontogenetic and climate‐induced movement in spatially stratified integrated population assessment models
Authors: Goethel Daniel R. , Bosley Katelyn M. , Langseth Brian J. , Deroba Jonathan J. , Berger Aaron M. , Hanselman Dana H. , Schueller Amy M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding spatial population structure and biocomplexity is critical for determining a species’ resilience to environmental and anthropogenic perturbations. However, integrated population models (IPMs) used to develop management advice for harvested populations have been slow to incorporate spatial dynamics. Therefore, limited research has been devoted to understanding the reliability of movement parameter estimation in spatial population models, especially for spatially dynamic marine fish populations. We implemented a spatial simulation–estimation framework that emulated a generic marine fish metapopulation to explore the impact of ontogenetic movement and climate‐induced distributional shifts between two populations. The robustness of spatially stratified IPMs was explored across a range of movement parametrizations, including ignoring connectivity or estimating movement with various levels of complexity. Ignoring connectivity was detrimental to accurate estimation of population‐specific biomass, while implementing spatial IPMs with intermediate levels of complexity (e.g. estimating movement in two‐year and two‐age blocks) performed best when no a priori information about underlying movement was available. One‐way distributional shifts mimicking climate‐induced poleward migrations presented the greatest estimation difficulties, but the incorporation of auxiliary information on connectivity (e.g. tag‐recapture data) reduced bias. The continued development of spatially stratified modelling approaches should allow harvested resources to be better utilized without increased risk. Additionally, expanded collection and incorporation of unique spatially explicit data will enhance the robustness of IPMs in the future.
Overexpression of an aquaporin gene PvPIP2;9 improved biomass yield, protein content, drought tolerance and water use efficiency in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wen Wuwu , Li Hui , Lu Qiyu , Xu Bin , Huang Bingru 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a prime candidate for non‐grain‐based bioenergy feedstock production. Improved drought tolerance and higher water use efficiency (WUE) are important for its successful field establishment and production, especially on marginal lands. Aquaporins are key channels and regulators for water transportation and maintenance of cellular water status. In this study, the functional role of an aquaporin gene, PvPIP2;9, in switchgrass was studied. Expression of PvPIP2;9 was regulated by diurnal oscillation and osmotic stress. Constitutive over‐expressing PvPIP2;9 in switchgrass significantly improved its leaf length, plant height, aboveground biomass and biomass protein contents under both drought‐ and non‐stressed conditions, and also resulted in higher cellulose content in drought‐stressed transgenic than wild‐type plants. Under 21 days of drought treatment, transgenic plants showed less electrolyte leakage rates, but higher relative water contents, photochemical efficiencies, chlorophyll contents and WUE, indicating that PvPIP2;9 positively regulated plant drought tolerance. Moreover, expression patterns of all 14 switchgrass PIP2 subfamily genes were checked during the drought treatment, and the result showed that over‐expressing PvPIP2;9 also affected transcript levels of most other PIP2 genes. Together, this study showed that improved biomass yield, drought tolerance and higher WUE can be achieved by manipulating the expression of PvPIP2;9 and also suggested PIP2 subfamily genes were transcriptionally regulated in a coordinated manner, which can be used for potential targets for crop drought resistance breeding efforts.
Conversations in a Crowded Room: An Assessment of the Contribution of Historical Research to Criminology
Authors: YEOMANS HENRY , CHURCHILL DAVID , CHANNING IAIN 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe relationship between history and social science generally, as well as history and criminology specifically, has long been considered problematic. But, since the likes of Burke (1992) and King (1999) spoke of a ‘dialogue of the deaf’, crime history has rapidly expanded and, more latterly, historical criminology has begun to emerge. This article reappraises the relationship of the subject areas by considering the impact that historical research has had on criminology. Although the impact is found to be somewhat patchy, the article identifies positive signs within the two fields that might point towards a more mutually‐enriching future.
Termination of intra‐arc rifting at ca 16 Ma in the Southwest Japan arc: The tectonostratigraphy of the Hokutan Group
Authors: Haji Toshiki , Yamaji Atsushi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMiocene intra‐arc rifting associated with the opening of the Japan Sea formed grabens in several areas in Southwest (SW) Japan, but the extensional tectonics of the arc are still not well understood. In this study, we first document the tectonostratigraphy of the Hokutan Group in the northwestern part of the Kinki district, and demonstrate the termination of extensional tectonics at ca 16.5 Ma, as inferred from grabens in the lower part of the group being unconformably overlain by sediments of the upper part. Second, we review early Miocene grabens in SW Japan to suggest that intra‐arc rifting was abandoned at ca 16 Ma, essentially simultaneously with the end of rotation of the SW Japan arc as evidenced by paleomagnetic studies. The lesser numbers of grabens and reduced thicknesses of graben fills suggest that extensional deformation of the SW Japan arc was significantly weaker than that of the Northeast (NE) Japan arc, which was broken into blocks, indicating various degrees of paleomagnetic rotation within NE Japan. The weak deformation has allowed paleomagnetic studies to infer the coherent rotation of the SW Japan arc.