bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a blaNDM-1-carrying IncHI5 plasmid from Enterobacter cloacae complex of food-producing animal origin
Authors: Zhu Yao , Liu Wenyu , Schwarz Stefan , Wang Changzhen , Yang Qin , Luan Tian , Wang Lingli , Liu Siguo , Zhang Wanjiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize an NDM-1-encoding multiresistance IncHI5 plasmid from Enterobacter cloacae complex of chicken origin.MethodsCarbapenemase genes were detected by PCR and Sanger sequencing. The MICs for the E. cloacae complex isolate and its transformant were determined by the agar dilution and broth microdilution methods. Conjugation and electrotransformation were performed to assess the horizontal transferability of the carbapenemase plasmid. Plasmid DNA was isolated from the transformant and fully sequenced using Illumina HiSeq and PacBio platforms. Plasmid stability was investigated by sequential passages on antibiotic-free medium. A circular intermediate was detected by inverse PCR and Sanger sequencing.ResultsPlasmid pNDM-1-EC12 carried a conserved IncHI5 backbone and exhibited an MDR phenotype. All antimicrobial resistance genes were clustered in a single MDR region. Genetic environment analysis revealed that the blaNDM-1 gene was in a novel complex integron, In469. Based on sequence analysis, the blaNDM-1-carrying region was thought to be inserted by homologous recombination. Inverse PCR indicated that an ISCR1-mediated circular intermediate can be formed. Plasmid pNDM-1-EC12 was stably maintained both in the parental strain and the transformant without selective pressure. Comprehensive analysis of IncHI5-type plasmids suggested that they may become another key vehicle for rapid transmission of carbapenemase genes.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a fully sequenced IncHI5 plasmid recovered from an E. cloacae complex strain of food-producing animal origin. Co-occurrence of blaNDM-1 with genes encoding resistance to other antimicrobial agents on the same IncHI5 plasmid may result in the co-selection of blaNDM-1 and facilitates its persistence and rapid dissemination.
Security, Trade, and Political Violence
Authors: Amodio Francesco , Baccini Leonardo , Di Maio Michele 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the effect of security-motivated trade restrictions on economic activity and political violence. We exploit the 2008 restrictions imposed by Israel on imports of selected goods to the West Bank as a quasi-experiment. We show that after 2008 (i) output and wages decrease differentially in manufacturing sectors that use restricted materials more intensively as production inputs, (ii) wages decrease in localities where employment is more concentrated in these sectors, and (iii) episodes of political violence are more likely to occur in these localities. This differential effect accounts for 16% of violent events that occurred in the West Bank from 2008 to 2012.
Incidental leiomyosarcoma within an ischaemic gut: a review of the management of visceral sarcoma
Authors: McSweeney William T , Hendahewa Rasika 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Leiomyosarcomas are rare, primary malignancies that can be found in the small bowel in a minority of cases. The management of these visceral sarcomas remains controversial, with surgical resection forming the mainstay, being optimally achieved in a unit familiar with the management of sarcomas. These tumours are difficult to diagnose based on history and are challenging to localize on conventional imaging modalities. We report a case of a 61-year-old female who proceeded to emergent laparotomy with imaging suggestive of small bowel ischaemia secondary to portal venous thrombosis. Incidental leiomyosarcoma was noted on histology and was discussed at local multidisciplinary meeting regarding further management.
Breast necrotizing fasciitis following stillbirth managed with nipple areola conservation in a resource-poor setting: a case report
Authors: Maduba Charles Chidiebele , Nnadozie Ugochukwu Uzodimma 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBreast necrotizing fasciitis is a rare condition that has a tendency to rapidly progress with untoward morbidity and potential mortality. Its rarity often results to misdiagnosis and the fulminant course of the disease. We wish to present a case managed with nipple areola conservation following early intervention. We report a 28-year-old woman managed for unilateral right breast necrotizing fasciitis following stillbirth and resultant breast congestion in a background hypoalbuminemia. Early intervention ensured nipple-areola salvage. Wound was covered with split-thickness skin grafting. Early aggressive intervention in necrotizing fasciitis of the breast in a post-stillbirth lady with congestion contributed to preservation of nipple areola complex with eventual satisfactory management using split-thickness skin grafting.
Post-flowering biotic and abiotic stresses impact nitrogen use efficiency and seed filling in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Marmagne Anne , Jasinski Sophie , Fagard Mathilde , Bill Laurence , Guerche Philippe , Masclaux-Daubresse Céline , Chardon Fabien 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient that plants require for the synthesis of amino acids, proteins, and many other important metabolites. Plant metabolism and growth are consequently dependent on the amount of N that is assimilated and distributed from source leaves to developing sinks, such as fruits and seeds. The environmental stresses enhanced by climate change deeply influence seed yield and seed composition, and may disturb N use efficiency (NUE) in pants. We aimed to investigate plant responses to extreme climates with regard to NUE, N remobilization efficiency, and seed composition. By studying a collection of Arabidopsis genotypes showing a range of C:N ratios in seeds, we investigated the impact of different post-flowering growth conditions (control, heat, drought, low nitrate availability, induced senescence, and induced plant defense) on seed yield, N allocation in organs, NUE, and N remobilization efficiency. We analysed how post-flowering stresses could change seed filling and showed that post-flowering stresses change both the range of N and C concentrations and the C:N stoichiometry in seeds. Using a new trait, called delta seed composition, we measured the deviation in C:N stoichiometry of each genotype and revealed the genetic determinism of the C:N stoichiometry. Altogether, the results indicate that extreme climate impacts NUE dramatically in plants and generates different bottlenecks in N fluxes during seed filling.
AGNs at the cosmic dawn: predictions for future surveys from a ΛCDM cosmological model
Authors: Griffin Andrew J , Lacey Cedric G , Gonzalez-Perez Violeta , Lagos Claudia del P , Baugh Carlton M , Fanidakis Nikos 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Telescopes to be launched over the next decade and a half, such as JWST, EUCLID, ATHENA, and Lynx, promise to revolutionize the study of the high-redshift Universe and greatly advance our understanding of the early stages of galaxy formation. We use a model that follows the evolution of the masses and spins of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation to make predictions for the active galactic nucleus luminosity function at $z$ ≥ 7 in the broadband filters of JWST and EUCLID at near-infrared wavelengths, and ATHENA and Lynx at X-ray energies. The predictions of our model are relatively insensitive to the choice of seed black hole mass, except at the lowest luminosities (Lbol &lt; 1043 erg s−1) and the highest redshifts ($z$ &gt; 10). We predict that surveys with these different telescopes will select somewhat different samples of SMBHs, with EUCLID unveiling the most massive, highest accretion rate SMBHs, Lynx the least massive, lowest accretion rate SMBHs, and JWST and ATHENA covering objects inbetween. At $z$ = 7, we predict that typical detectable SMBHs will have masses, MBH ∼ 105–8 M⊙, and Eddington normalized mass accretion rates, $\dot{M}/\dot{M}_{\mathrm{Edd}}\sim 0.6{-}2$. The SMBHs will be hosted by galaxies of stellar mass M⋆ ∼ 108–10 M⊙, and dark matter haloes of mass Mhalo ∼ 1011–12 M⊙. We predict that the detectable SMBHs at $z$ = 10 will have slightly smaller black holes, accreting at slightly higher Eddington normalized mass accretion rates, in slightly lower mass host galaxies compared to those at $z$ = 7, and reside in haloes of mass Mhalo ∼ 1010–11 M⊙.
Evolution of MAXI J1631–479 during the January 2019 outburst observed by INTEGRAL/IBIS
Authors: Fiocchi M , Onori F , Bazzano A , Bird A J , Bodaghee A , Charles P A , Lepingwell V A , Malizia A , Masetti N , Natalucci L , Ubertini P 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We report on a recent bright outburst from the new X-ray binary transient MAXI J1631–479, observed in January 2019. In particular, we present the 30–200 keV analysis of spectral transitions observed with INTEGRAL/IBIS during its Galactic plane monitoring program. In the MAXI and BAT monitoring period, we observed two different spectral transitions between the high/soft and low/hard states. The INTEGRAL spectrum from data taken soon before the second transition is best described by a Comptonized thermal component with a temperature of kTe ∼ 30 keV and a high-luminosity value of $L_{2-200\, \mathrm{keV}}\sim 3\times 10^{38}$ erg−1 (assuming a distance of 8 kpc). During the second transition, the source shows a hard, power-law spectrum. The lack of high energy cut-off indicates that the hard X-ray spectrum from MAXI J1631–479 is due to a non-thermal emission. Inverse Compton scattering of soft X-ray photons from a non-thermal or hybrid thermal/non-thermal electron distribution can explain the observed X-ray spectrum although a contribution to the hard X-ray emission from a jet cannot be determined at this stage. The outburst evolution in the hardness-intensity diagram, the spectral characteristics, and the rise and decay times of the outburst are suggesting that this system is a black hole candidate.
The tale of the tail – disentangling the high transverse velocity stars in Gaia DR2
Authors: Amarante João A S , Smith Martin C , Boeche Corrado 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Although the stellar halo accounts for just ∼1 per cent of the total stellar mass of the Milky Way, the kinematics of halo stars encode valuable information about the origins and evolution of our Galaxy. It has been shown that the high transverse velocity stars in Gaia DR2 reveal a double sequence in the Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram, indicating a bifurcation in the local stellar halo within 1 kpc. We fit these stars by updating the popular Besançon/Galaxia model, incorporating the latest observational results for the stellar halo and an improved kinematic description for the thick disc from Schönrich & Binney (2012). We are able to obtain a good match to the Gaia data and provide new constraints on the properties of the Galactic disc and stellar halo. In particular, we show that the kinematically defined thick-disc contribution to this high velocity tail is $\approx 13{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. We look in greater detail using chemistry from LAMOST DR5, identifying a population of retrograde stars with thick-disc chemistry. Our thick-disc kinematic model cannot account for this population and so we conclude there is likely to be a contribution from heated or accreted stars in the Solar Neighbourhood. We also investigate proposed dynamical substructures in this sample, concluding that they are probably due to resonant orbits rather than accreted populations. Finally, we provide new insights on the nature of the two sequences and their relation with past accretion events and the primordial Galactic disc.
Multiwavelength behaviour of the blazar 3C 279: decade-long study from γ-ray to radio
Authors: Larionov V M , Jorstad S G , Marscher A P , Villata M , Raiteri C M , Smith P S , Agudo I , Savchenko S S , Morozova D A , Acosta-Pulido J A , Aller M F , Aller H D , Andreeva T S , Arkharov A A , Bachev R , Bonnoli G , Borman G A , Bozhilov V , Calcidese P , Carnerero M I , Carosati D , Casadio C , Chen W-P , Damljanovic G , Dementyev A V , Di Paola A , Frasca A , Fuentes A , Gómez J L , Gónzalez-Morales P , Giunta A , Grishina T S , Gurwell M A , Hagen-Thorn V A , Hovatta T , Ibryamov S , Joshi M , Kiehlmann S , Kim J-Y , Kimeridze G N , Kopatskaya E N , Kovalev Yu A , Kovalev Y Y , Kurtanidze O M , Kurtanidze S O , Lähteenmäki A , Lázaro C , Larionova L V , Larionova E G , Leto G , Marchini A , Matsumoto K , Mihov B , Minev M , Mingaliev M G , Mirzaqulov D , Muñoz Dimitrova R V , Myserlis I , Nikiforova A A , Nikolashvili M G , Nizhelsky N A , Ovcharov E , Pressburger L D , Rakhimov I A , Righini S , Rizzi N , Sadakane K , Sadun A C , Samal M R , Sanchez R Z , Semkov E , Sergeev S G , Sigua L A , Slavcheva-Mihova L , Sola P , Sotnikova Yu V , Strigachev A , Thum C , Traianou E , Troitskaya Yu V , Troitsky I S , Tsybulev P G , Vasilyev A A , Vince O , Weaver Z R , Williamson K E , Zhekanis G V 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the results of decade-long (2008–2018) γ-ray to 1 GHz radio monitoring of the blazar 3C 279, including GASP/WEBT, Fermi and Swift data, as well as polarimetric and spectroscopic data. The X-ray and γ-ray light curves correlate well, with no delay $\gtrsim 3$ h, implying general cospatiality of the emission regions. The γ-ray–optical flux–flux relation changes with activity state, ranging from a linear to a more complex dependence. The behaviour of the Stokes parameters at optical and radio wavelengths, including 43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array images, supports either a predominantly helical magnetic field or motion of the radiating plasma along a spiral path. Apparent speeds of emission knots range from 10 to 37c, with the highest values requiring bulk Lorentz factors close to those needed to explain γ-ray variability on very short time-scales. The Mg ii emission line flux in the ‘blue’ and ‘red’ wings correlates with the optical synchrotron continuum flux density, possibly providing a variable source of seed photons for inverse Compton scattering. In the radio bands, we find progressive delays of the most prominent light-curve maxima with decreasing frequency, as expected from the frequency dependence of the τ = 1 surface of synchrotron self-absorption. The global maximum in the 86 GHz light curve becomes less prominent at lower frequencies, while a local maximum, appearing in 2014, strengthens toward decreasing frequencies, becoming pronounced at ∼5 GHz. These tendencies suggest different Doppler boosting of stratified radio-emitting zones in the jet.
Excess palmitate induces decidual stromal cell apoptosis via the TLR4/JNK/NF-kB pathways and possibly through glutamine oxidation
Authors: Ha Si-Yao , Qiu Xue-Min , Lai Zhen-Zhen , Yang Hui-Li , Wang Yan , Ruan Lu-Yu , Shi Jia-Wei , Zhu Xiao-Yong , Li Da-Jin , Li Ming-Qing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
During gestation, excess palmitate (PA) is enriched in decidua. Both excess PA and decidual dysfunctions are associated with numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction. Here, mRNA data about the effects of PA were collected from multiple databases and analyzed. Human decidual tissues were obtained from clinically normal pregnancies, terminated for non-medical reasons, during the first trimester, and decidual stromal cells (DSCs) were isolated and exposed to PA, alone or together with the inhibitors of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), nuclear factor-kappa-gene binding (NF-kB) or glutamine (GLN) oxidation. Furthermore, DSCs were transfected with lentiviral particles overexpressing human TLR4. We demonstrate that excess PA interacting with its receptor TLR4 disturbs DSC hemostasis during the first trimester. Specifically, high PA signal induced DSC apoptosis and formed an inflammatory program (elevated interleukin-1 beta and decreased interleukin-10) via the activation of TLR4/JNK/NF-kB pathways. A complexed cross-talk was found between TLR4/JNK/NF-kB signals and PA deposition in DSCs. Besides, under an excess PA environment, GLN oxidation was significantly enhanced in DSCs and the suppression of GLN oxidation further augmented PA-mediated DSC apoptosis and inflammatory responses. In conclusion, excess PA induces apoptosis and inflammation in DSCs via the TLR4/JNK/NF-kB pathways, which can be augmented by the suppression of GLN oxidation.
Uterine aquaporin expression is dynamically regulated by estradiol and progesterone and ovarian stimulation disrupts embryo implantation without affecting luminal closure
Authors: de Oliveira Vanessa , Schaefer Jennifer , Abu-Rafea Basim , Vilos George A , Vilos Angelos G , Bhattacharya Moshmi , Radovick Sally , Babwah Andy V 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe study investigated the effect of normal and supraphysiological (resulting from gonadotropin-dependent ovarian stimulation) levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) on mouse uterine aquaporin gene/protein (Aqp/AQP) expression on Day 1 (D1) and D4 of pregnancy. The study also examined the effect of ovarian stimulation on uterine luminal closure and uterine receptivity on D4 of pregnancy and embryo implantation on D5 and D7 of pregnancy. These analyses revealed that the expression of Aqp3, Aqp4, Aqp5 and Aqp8 is induced by E2 while the expression of Aqp1 and Aqp11 is induced by P4. Additionally, P4 inhibits E2 induction of Aqp3 and Aqp4 expression while E2 inhibits Aqp1 and Aqp11 expression. Aqp9, however, is constitutively expressed. Ovarian stimulation disrupts Aqp3, Aqp5 and Aqp8 expression on D4 and AQP1, AQP3 and AQP5 spatial expression on both D1 and D4, strikingly so in the myometrium. Interestingly, while ovarian stimulation has no overt effect on luminal closure and uterine receptivity, it reduces implantation events, likely through a disruption in myometrial activity and embryo development. The wider implication of this study is that ovarian stimulation, which results in supraphysiological levels of E2 and P4 and changes (depending on the degree of stimulation) in the E2:P4 ratio, triggers abnormal expression of uterine AQP during pregnancy, and this is associated with implantation failure. These findings lead us to recognize that abnormal expression would also occur under any pathological state (such as endometriosis) that is associated with changes in the normal E2:P4 ratio. Thus, infertility among these patients might in part be linked to abnormal uterine AQP expression.
The evolution of the therapeutic approach to membranous nephropathy
Authors: Ponticelli Claudio , Patrizia Passerini , Del Vecchio Lucia , Locatelli Francesco 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Primary membranous nephropathy (MN) is a frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in adults. In untreated patients, the outcome is variable, with one-third of the patients entering remission while the remaining ones show persisting proteinuria or progression to end-stage renal disease. Randomized clinical trials reported the efficacy of a 6-month regimen alternating intravenous and oral glucocorticoids with an alkylating agent every other month. The potential side effects of this regimen were limited by the fact that the use of glucocorticoids and alkylating agent did not exceed 3 months each. Two randomized trials with follow-ups (FU) up to 10 years provided assurance about the long-term efficacy and safety of this cyclical therapy. Calcineurin inhibitors have also been used successfully. However, in most responders, NS relapsed after the drug was withdrawn. Conflicting results have been reported with mycophenolate salts and adrenocorticotropic hormone. Observational studies reported good results with rituximab (RTX). Two controlled trials demonstrated the superiority of RTX over antiproteinuric therapy alone and cyclosporine. However, the FUs were relatively short and no randomized trial has been published against cyclical therapy. The available results, together with the discovery that most patients with MN have circulating antibodies against the phospholipase A2 receptor 1, support the use of cytotoxic drugs or RTX in MN. It is difficult to choose between these two different treatments. RTX is easier to use, but the FUs of the available studies are short, thus doubts remain about the long-term risk of relapses and the safety of repeated administrations of RTX.
Quality of life in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2 in Canada
Authors: Hamoy-Jimenez Geohana , Kim Raymond , Suppiah Suganth , Zadeh Gelareh , Bril Vera , Barnett Carolina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
There is scarce data on the quality of life of people with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and type 2 (NF2) in Canada.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of adults with NF1 and NF2 attending a tertiary center. Patients completed generic measures (SF-36, EQ-5D-5L, and PROMIS pain interference) and disease-specific questionnaires (PedsQL NF1 module and the NFTI-QOL for NF2). We compared generic scores between NF1 and NF2 individuals and used regression models to assess factors associated with quality of life.

Results
Hundred and eighty-four participants were enrolled. Mean age was 33 years in NF1 and 40 years in NF2. NF1 and NF2 individuals had lower employment rates and lower scores in all domains of the SF-36 compared to the general Canadian population (P &lt; .005). Using the EQ-5D-5L, there was a high proportion of pain (64% in NF1 and 74% in NF2) and anxiety/depression (60% in NF1 and 68% in NF2). Pain interference correlated with poor quality of life in NF1 and NF2; perceived physical appearance was the main predictor of mental well-being in NF1.

Conclusions
Individuals with NF1 and NF2 have low quality of life, and this correlates with pain, anxiety, and depression, which are prevalent in NF1 and NF2. Perceived physical appearance predicts quality of life in NF1. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for patients with NF1 and NF2, including mental health and pain management.
Nurses’ illness perceptions during presenteeism and absenteeism
Authors: Fiorini L A , Houdmont J , Griffiths A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Presenteeism has been linked with lost productivity, impaired health and absence. Whilst much research has focused on types of diseases associated with presenteeism and absenteeism, there has been little investigation into the role of individuals’ illness perceptions in these episodes.

Aims
To assess how illness perceptions vary between presenteeism and absenteeism episodes.

Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed to ward-based nurses working with older adults. Data on illness perceptions during presenteeism and absenteeism episodes were collected. Data were analysed via the Paired-Samples t-test, Wilcoxon test and McNemar test.

Results
Two hundred and seventy cases were analysed (88% response rate). Compared with presenteeism, illnesses during absenteeism were thought to affect lives more (P &lt; 0.001), to have more serious symptoms (P &lt; 0.001), to be more concerning (P = 0.003), more likely to be treated (P = 0.009), more infectious (P &lt; 0.001) and perceived as more legitimate reasons for absenteeism (P &lt; 0.001). Treatment was considered more effective during absenteeism (P &lt; 0.001), whilst workability was better during presenteeism (P &lt; 0.001). Presenteeism was perceived as harmful and absenteeism beneficial for illness. Individuals attended work when presenteeism was expected to be less harmful (P &lt; 0.001) and avoided work when absenteeism was expected to be more beneficial for illness (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Illness perceptions varied significantly between presenteeism and absenteeism episodes and should be included in models of illness behaviour. Findings also highlight that policy may influence illness behaviour and that nurses may attend work despite concerning levels of illness.