bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Ab morgen bitte online“: Vergleich digitaler Rahmenbedingungen der curricularen Lehre an nationalen Universitäts-HNO-Kliniken in Zeiten von COVID-19
Authors: Offergeld C. , Ketterer M. , Neudert M. , Hassepaß F. , Weerda N. , Richter B. , Traser L. , Becker C. , Deeg N. , Knopf A. , Wesarg T. , Rauch A-K. , Jakob T. , Ferver F. , Lang F. , Vielsmeier V. , Hackenberg S. , Diensthuber M. , Praetorius M. , Hofauer B. , Mansour N. , Kuhn S. , Hildenbrand T. 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Corona-Krise beeinflusst nicht nur das professionelle Handeln, sondern auch die Lehre an den Universitäten. Schlagworte wie „E-Learning“ und „Digitalisierung“ suggerieren die Möglichkeit innovativer, ad hoc verfügbarer Lösungsansätze für die Lehre in der aktuellen COVID-19-Situation. Die aktuelle Umstellung auf digitale Lehre ist aber nicht primär durch eine didaktische Sinnhaftigkeit oder institutionelle Strategie, sondern durch äußere Notwendigkeit geprägt.Ziel der ArbeitZiel der Arbeit war die Erfassung der Lehrsituation an nationalen Universitäts-HNO-Kliniken und akademischen Lehrkrankenhäusern zu Beginn des virtuellen Corona-Sommersemesters 2020.Material und MethodeEin eigens erstellter Fragebogen zur jeweiligen lokalen Situation, den örtlichen Rahmenbedingungen sowie zu bundesweiten Szenarien wurde an alle 39 nationalen Universitäts-HNO-Kliniken und 20 akademischen Lehrkrankenhäuser mit HNO-Hauptabteilung versandt.ErgebnisseDie ausgefüllten Fragebögen von 31 Universitätskliniken (UK) und 10 akademische Lehrkrankenhäuser (ALK) gingen in die Auswertung ein. Es zeigten sich offensichtliche Diskrepanzen zwischen verfügbaren Ressourcen und tatsächlich verfügbaren digitalisierten Lehrinhalten. Weitere Kritikpunkte offenbarten sich in Bezug auf die Kommunikation mit der Medizinischen Fakultät, die digitale Infrastruktur und insbesondere in der oftmals mangelnden Kollaboration mit den zentralen Supportstrukturen, wie Medien‑, Didaktik- und Rechenzentren.SchlussfolgerungEs gibt durchaus positive Beispiele für eine gelungene Überführung der Präsenzlehre in das ausschließlich virtuelle Sommersemester 2020 innerhalb der Universitäts-HNO-Kliniken. Mehrheitlich aber überwiegen kritische Einschätzungen der Lehrbeauftragten bzw. Ärztlichen Direktoren gegenüber der aktuellen Lehrsituation. Eine zeitkritische strategische Weiterentwicklung ist dringend erforderlich.
Is it feasible to assess self-reported quality of life in individuals who are deaf and have intellectual disabilities?
Authors: Fellinger Johannes , Dall Magdalena , Gerich Joachim , Fellinger Maria , Schossleitner Katharina , Barbaresi William Joseph , Holzinger Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
There is consensus that Quality of Life (QOL) should be obtained through self-reports from people with intellectual Disability (ID). Thus far, there have been no attempts to collect self-reported QOL from people who are deaf and have ID.

Methods
Based on an established short measure for QOL (EUROHIS-QOL), an adapted easy-to-understand sign language interview was developed and applied in a population (n = 61) with severe-to-profound hearing loss and mild-to-profound ID. Self-reports were conducted at two time points (t1 and t2), 6 months apart. The Stark QOL, an established picture-based questionnaire, was also obtained at t2 and three Proxy ratings of QOL (from caregivers) were conducted for each participant at t1.

Results
Self-reported QOL was successfully administered at both time points for 44 individuals with mild and moderate ID (IQ reference age between 3.3 and 11.8 years).
The self-reports showed sufficient test–retest reliability and significant correlations with the Stark QOL. As anticipated, self-reported QOL was higher than proxy-reported QOL. Test–retest reliability and internal consistency were good for self-reported QOL.

Conclusion
Reliable and valid self-reports of QOL can be obtained from deaf adults with mild-moderate ID using standard inventories adapted to the linguistic and cognitive level of these individuals.
Pathogenesis of preterm birth: bidirectional inflammation in mother and fetus
Authors: Green Ella Shana , Arck Petra Clara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPreterm birth (PTB) complicates 5–18% of pregnancies globally and is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Most PTB is spontaneous and idiopathic, with largely undefined causes. To increase understanding of PTB, much research in recent years has focused on using animal models to recapitulate the pathophysiology of PTB. Dysfunctions of maternal immune adaptations have been implicated in a range of pregnancy pathologies, including PTB. A wealth of evidence arising from mouse models as well as human studies is now available to support that PTB results from a breakdown in fetal-maternal tolerance, along with excessive, premature inflammation. In this review, we examine the current knowledge of the bidirectional communication between fetal and maternal systems and its role in the immunopathogenesis of PTB. These recent insights significantly advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of PTB, which is essential to ultimately designing more effective strategies for early prediction and subsequent prevention of PTB.
Zebrafish cardiac regeneration—looking beyond cardiomyocytes to a complex microenvironment
Authors: Ryan Rebecca , Moyse Bethany R. , Richardson Rebecca J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe study of heart repair post-myocardial infarction has historically focused on the importance of cardiomyocyte proliferation as the major factor limiting adult mammalian heart regeneration. However, there is mounting evidence that a narrow focus on this one cell type discounts the importance of a complex cascade of cell–cell communication involving a whole host of different cell types. A major difficulty in the study of heart regeneration is the rarity of this process in adult animals, meaning a mammalian template for how this can be achieved is lacking. Here, we review the adult zebrafish as an ideal and unique model in which to study the underlying mechanisms and cell types required to attain complete heart regeneration following cardiac injury. We provide an introduction to the role of the cardiac microenvironment in the complex regenerative process and discuss some of the key advances using this in vivo vertebrate model that have recently increased our understanding of the vital roles of multiple different cell types. Due to the sheer number of exciting studies describing new and unexpected roles for inflammatory cell populations in cardiac regeneration, this review will pay particular attention to these important microenvironment participants.
Killing two birds with one stone: how intervening when witnessing bullying at the workplace may help both target and the acting observer
Authors: Nielsen Morten Birkeland , Rosander Michael , Blomberg Stefan , Einarsen Ståle Valvatne 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study examines under which conditions being an observer of bullying can be detrimental to health and well-being. It was hypothesized that health-related problems following observations of bullying are determined by (1) whether the observer has been exposed to bullying her/himself and (2) whether the observer have tried to intervene in the bullying situation that they witnessed.

Methods
The study was based on a longitudinal probability survey of the Swedish workforce, with an 18-month time lag between assessment points (N = 1096).

Results
Witnessing bullying at work were associated with an increase in subsequent levels of mental distress among the observers, although this association became insignificant when adjusting for the observers’ own exposure to bullying. Intervening against bullying moderated the relationship between observations of bullying and mental health problems. Observers who did not try to intervene reported a significant increase in mental health problems at follow-up, whereas there were no significant changes in levels of mental health problems among those who did intervene.

Conclusions
the findings suggest that observer interventions against bullying may be highly beneficial for both the targets and observers of bullying. Organizations should therefore invest in ways to increase constructive bystander behavior in negative social situations at the workplace.
From repeating routes to planning novel routes: the impact of landmarks and ageing on route integration and cognitive mapping
Authors: Grzeschik Ramona , Hilton Christopher , Dalton Ruth C. , Konovalova Irma , Cotterill Ella , Innes Anthea , Wiener Jan M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe integration of intersecting routes is an important process for the formation of cognitive maps and thus successful navigation. Here we present a novel task to study route integration and the effects that landmark information and cognitive ageing have on this process. We created two virtual environments, each comprising five places and one central intersection but with different landmark settings: in the Identical Landmark environment, the intersection contained visually monotonic features whereas the intersection contained visually distinctive features in the Different Landmarks environment. In both environments young and older participants were presented with two short routes that both traversed through the shared intersection. To test route integration, participants were asked to either repeat the learning routes, to navigate the routes from the destination to the starting place or to plan novel routes. As expected, results demonstrate better performance when repeating or retracing routes than when planning novel routes. Performance was better in younger than older participants and in the Different Landmark environment which does not require detailed knowledge of the spatial configuration of all places in the environment. A subgroup of the older participants who performed lower on a screening test for cognitive impairments could not successfully complete the experiment or did not reach the required performance criterion. These results demonstrate that strategically placed landmarks support the integration of route knowledge into spatial representations that allow for goal-dependent flexible navigation behaviour and that earliest signs of atypical cognitive ageing affect this process of route integration.
All adapted topologies are equal
Authors: Backhoff-Veraguas Julio , Bartl Daniel , Beiglböck Mathias , Eder Manu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA number of researchers have introduced topological structures on the set of laws of stochastic processes. A unifying goal of these authors is to strengthen the usual weak topology in order to adequately capture the temporal structure of stochastic processes. Aldous defines an extended weak topology based on the weak convergence of prediction processes. In the economic literature, Hellwig introduced the information topology to study the stability of equilibrium problems. Bion–Nadal and Talay introduce a version of the Wasserstein distance between the laws of diffusion processes. Pflug and Pichler consider the nested distance (and the weak nested topology) to obtain continuity of stochastic multistage programming problems. These distances can be seen as a symmetrization of Lassalle’s causal transport problem, but there are also further natural ways to derive a topology from causal transport. Our main result is that all of these seemingly independent approaches define the same topology in finite discrete time. Moreover we show that this ‘weak adapted topology’ is characterized as the coarsest topology that guarantees continuity of optimal stopping problems for continuous bounded reward functions.
Unexpected sensitivity of the highly invasive spider Mermessus trilobatus to soil disturbance in grasslands
Authors: Narimanov Nijat , Kempel Anne , van Kleunen Mark , Entling Martin H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe dwarf spiderMermessus trilobatus(Araneae: Linyphiidae), native to North America, has expanded its range over large parts of Europe within less than fifty years. It is notable for occurring in a wide range of mostly agricultural habitats, while most other invasive spiders in Europe are associated with human buildings. As in other invasive invertebrates and plants, the tremendous colonisation success ofMermessus trilobatusmight be related to anthropogenic habitat disturbance. Here we aim to test if the invasion success ofMermessus trilobatusin Europe is associated with high tolerance towards soil disturbance. We sampled spiders from eight grasslands experimentally disturbed with superficial soil tillage and eight undisturbed grasslands without tillage. Opposite to our expectation,Mermessus trilobatusdensities decrease sharply with soil disturbance. This is in contrast to several native species such asOedothorax apicatus, which becomes more abundant in the fields after superficial soil tillage. Our study suggests that invasion success ofMermessus trilobatusis not connected to a ruderal strategy. The ecological and evolutionary processes behind colonisation success ofMermessus trilobatusneed to be further investigated.
Current methods in translational cancer research
Authors: Lee Michael W. , Miljanic Mihailo , Triplett Todd , Ramirez Craig , Aung Kyaw L. , Eckhardt S. Gail , Capasso Anna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent developments in pre-clinical screening tools, that more reliably predict the clinical effects and adverse events of candidate therapeutic agents, has ushered in a new era of drug development and screening. However, given the rapid pace with which these models have emerged, the individual merits of these translational research tools warrant careful evaluation in order to furnish clinical researchers with appropriate information to conduct pre-clinical screening in an accelerated and rational manner. This review assesses the predictive utility of both well-established and emerging pre-clinical methods in terms of their suitability as a screening platform for treatment response, ability to represent pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug properties, and lastly debates the translational limitations and benefits of these models. To this end, we will describe the current literature on cell culture, organoids, in vivo mouse models, and in silico computational approaches. Particular focus will be devoted to discussing gaps and unmet needs in the literature as well as current advancements and innovations achieved in the field, such as co-clinical trials and future avenues for refinement.
Advancing the Assessment of Mindfulness-Based Meditation Practice: Psychometric Evaluation of the Mindfulness Adherence Questionnaire
Authors: Hassed Craig , Flighty Andrew , Chambers Richard , Hosemans Dominic , Bailey Neil , Connaughton Sherelle , Lee Stuart , Kazantzis Nikolaos 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Mindfulness-based meditation practice (MBP) can be assessed in terms of time spent (quantity) or skill acquisition (quality), but these components have rarely been delineated in adherence measures. Individuals may also engage in MBP through everyday life (informal practice) and dedicate specific time for MBP (formal practice).

Method
The Mindfulness Adherence Questionnaire, a scale designed to assess quantity and quality of formal and informal MBP was evaluated. Study 1 used a cross-sectional design to examine internal reliability and construct validity (N = 282). Study 2 examined test–retest reliability and sensitivity (N = 55) during a 4-week mindfulness intervention.

Results
A nested-factor model showed adequate fit: MAQ items loaded on both the general factor (Practice) and specific factors (Formal and Informal). Discriminant validity analyses revealed the MAQ captured MBP adherence distinct from trait mindfulness. Quality of both formal and informal mindfulness practice was more strongly associated with higher levels of trait mindfulness than quantity. Changes in MAQ Quantity scores were observed over time.

Conclusions
The MAQ is reliable and has a meaningful scale structure, may usefully distinguish both quality versus quantity and formal versus informal MBP, and is sensitive to variations in MBP and does not solely measure trait mindfulness.
Simulation of potential epidemics of downy mildew of grapevine in different scenarios of disease conduciveness
Authors: Bove Federica , Savary Serge , Willocquet Laetitia , Rossi Vittorio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe parameterisation process of a previously developed modelling structure of the grapevine-downy mildew pathosystem is described. The model incorporates primary and secondary infections, host crop growth and development, along with a linkage between disease on foliage and disease on clusters. This process-based model was developed with a main objective of understanding the behaviour of the pathosystem under different, variable, environmental conditions, or under climate change. Six scenarios of disease conduciveness were developed in order to capture the range of environmental conditions under which potential downy mildew of grapevine epidemics can develop. These climate scenarios were based on moisture and temperature factors. The scenarios were translated into vectors of parameters for primary and secondary infections in the model. Model testing was performed in three steps: (i) an analysis of potential epidemics was conducted from the literature on grapevine downy mildew in order to delineate the behaviour of the pathosystem under different scenarios; (ii) a simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the response of the model to different patterns of environmental conditions, corresponding to six scenarios of disease conduciveness; and (iii) expected and simulated epidemics under these scenarios were compared. In scenarios, the model mobilised existing quantitative information on downy mildew of grapevine and generated outputs that are congruent with expected patterns of potential epidemic. This study indicates that the model is a reliable tool for simulating accurate and robust potential epidemics of downy mildew of grapevine in a scenario analysis. This can have many applications, such as the understanding of the behaviour of the pathosystem under climate change or when partial host resistance is involved.
Correction to: Diffusion Coefficients of Methane in Methylbenzene and Heptane at Temperatures between 323 K and 398 K at Pressures up to 65 MPa
Authors: Taib Malyanah Binti Mohd , Trusler J. P. Martin 
Published: September 2020

The original version of the article unfortunately contained some errors in Table 4 where the temperatures were out of the correct order. The corrected version of Table 4 is given below.
Evaluating a Postsecondary Education Program for Students with Intellectual Disabilities: Leveraging the Parent Perspective
Authors: Agarwal Rumi , Heron Laura , Burke Shanna L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPostsecondary education (PSE) programs serving individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) aim to improve life outcomes by increasing skills in three key areas: academics, independent living, and employment. To ensure that PSE programs are successful, ongoing evaluations are necessary. It is particularly important to gather parental perspectives given the integral role they play regarding decision making for students with ID. This qualitative study analyzed data from 58 interviews conducted with parents whose child was enrolled in a PSE program nested within a large public university. Thematic analysis with a deductive approach was the established theoretical model used to guide the analysis. Themes related to capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior are presented, and future recommendations for PSE programs are discussed.
LncRNA-AK149641 associated with airway inflammation in an OVA-induced asthma mouse model
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhou Yao , Gu Haiyan , Zhang Jiamin , Tang Heng , Rong Qiangquan , Gu Lina , Pan Jing , Zhao Deyu , Liu Feng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAsthma is defined as a heterogeneous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in various biological processes. To know more about the relationships between lncRNAs and asthma, gene microarray analysis was performed to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs between the lung tissue of ovalbumin (OVA) mice and control mice. Further studies showed that downregulating differentially expressed lncRNA-AK149641 by adeno-associated virus 6 (AAV6) in OVA mice inhibited airway inflammation, with improved airway compliance and resistance, diminished infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as less secretions of mucus, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Moreover, the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the lung tissue was reduced after downregulating lncRNA-AK149641. In conclusion, we proposed that downregulation of lncRNA-AK149641 attenuated the airway inflammatory response in an OVA-induced asthma mouse model, probably in association with modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Developing and Preliminary Validating an Automatic Cell Classification System for Bone Marrow Smears: a Pilot Study
Authors: Jin Hong , Fu Xinyan , Cao Xinyi , Sun Mingxia , Wang Xiaofen , Zhong Yuhong , Yang Suwen , Qi Chao , Peng Bo , He Xin , He Fei , Jiang Yongfang , Gao Haiyan , Li Shun , Huang Zhen , Li Qiang , Fang Fengqi , Zhang Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBone marrow smear examination is an indispensable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of hematological diseases, but the process of manual differential count is labor extensive. In this study, we developed an automatic system with integrated scanning hardware and machine learning-based software to perform differential cell count on bone marrow smears to assist diagnosis. The initial development of the artificial neural network was based on 3000 marrow smear samples retrospectively archived from Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine between June 2016 and December 2018. The preliminary field validating test of the system was based on 124 marrow smears newly collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between April 2019 and November 2019. The study was performed in parallel of machine automatic recognition with conventional manual differential count by pathologists using the microscope. We selected representative 600,000 marrow cell images as training set of the algorithm, followed by random captured 30,867 cell images for validation. In validation, the overall accuracy of automatic cell classification was 90.1% (95% CI, 89.8–90.5%). In a preliminary field validating test, the reliability coefficient (ICC) of cell series proportion between the two analysis methods were high (ICC ≥ 0.883, P < 0.0001) and the results by the two analysis methods were consistent for granulocytes and erythrocytes. The system was effective in cell classification and differential cell count on marrow smears. It provides a useful digital tool in the screening and evaluation of various hematological disorders.