bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND EVALUATION OF AN ION-ACTIVATED OPHTHALMIC IN SITU GEL OF MOXIFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: KONDALKAR GIRISH , DEV ASISH 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop an in situ ophthalmic gel of an anti-infective drug, moxifloxacin (MOX) hydrochloride (HCL), for sustained ocular delivery for the treatment of bacterial infections of the eye.
Method: In the present work the in situ gelling systems were prepared by ion exchange method with the help of various concentrations of gelling agent gelrite (0.08 g, 0.1 g and 0.12 g) and sodium alginate (0.6 g, 0.8 g and 1 g) as viscosity enhancer were added in the formulation; 9 formulations were prepared according to 32 factorial designs and evaluated. The responses were analyzed for the analysis of variance using Design-Expert version 10 software. Statistical models were generated for each response parameter.
Results: Optimized formulation batch F7 (0.12% gelrite and 0.6% sodium alginate) was liquid before addition of simulated tear fluid (STF) and underwent rapid gelation on addition of STF and had given 84.05% cumulative drug release; the formulation was found to be clear, having good in situ gelling capacity, good antibacterial efficacy, having drug content 99.75%; optimized formulation was sterile and showed sustained drug release over 8 h period as compared to marketed eye drop.
Conclusions: From the above results, we can concluded that 32 full factorial design and statistical models can be successfully used to optimize the formulations, and it was concluded that the trial batch F7 (0.12% gelrite and 0.6% sodium alginate) is the best formula (percentage cumulative drug release over 84.05%) and it is possible to formulate in situ ophthalmic gels of MOX HCL using gelrite in combination with sodium alginate for the treatment of various bacterial infections of the eyes.
IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE EXPOSURE ON ADULTS WITH ASTHMA EXACERBATION
Authors: SUTARYONO SUTARYON , HARTONO HARTONO , PROBANDARI ARI , SETYONO PRABANG 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Environment tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in the household is dangerous to infants and children. Nicotine residue inhaled in the respiratory tract metabolized into cotinine which has the possibility of causing inflammation which can result in asthma exacerbation. The impact created by the exposure of ETS on children suffering from asthma is the sole objective of this research work.
Methods: A cohort study was carried out among 114 asthma patients aged 12–18 years old at three hospitals from January 2016 to March 2017. Data were obtained using self-reported questionnaires and cotinine urine test. The data analysis was carried with the use of Cox proportional hazard model with 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results: The result of the research showed that 57% of the patients got the trigger (event). The respondents consisted of 61.5% of female, average age of 15 years, 50.8% of upper secondary education, 55.4% of body mass index (BMI) normal, and 63.1% low economic status persons. Median survival for the ETS-exposed group was in a 9th week, while the median survival for the ETS non-exposed group was >12 weeks. Multivariate exposure of ETS with asthma exacerbation was hazard ratio (HR), 2.17; 95% CI, 1.23–3.83, p=0.008 and gender HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.04–2.85, p=0.035.
Conclusion: ETS exposure in the household increases the risk of asthma exacerbation. Controlling the environment and education of children to avoid ETS exposure should be intensified.
CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL DETECTION OF MALIGNANT EFFUSIONS IN NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: AN INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY
Authors: NAYAL BHAVNA , V GEETHA 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Lymphomatous effusions of the body cavity may be the presenting feature or develop later as a complication of systemic disease. The detection rate of lymphoma in cytologic specimen is low, especially in the absence of clinical details and ancillary studies. The present study was carried out to identify light microscopic features that are useful in identifying lymphomas on effusion cytology.
Methods: A 5-year retrospective study of all patients with fluid cytology or tissue biopsy reported as suspicious or positive for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in a tertiary care was done. The cytology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry slides were reviewed.
Results: A total of 27 cases were included in the study. Correlation with the histopathological sections of all the positive cases revealed that the cytomorphology of the abnormal lymphoid cells was monomorphous and similar to those seen in the tissue biopsy. Mercury drop karyorrhexis when present was characteristic of lymphomatous effusions. The detection rates of large cell lymphomas are higher than low-grade counterparts. Non-lymphomatous effusions showed heterogeneous lymphoid cell population and lacked karyorrhexis.
Conclusion: Lymphomas can give rise to effusions. In the absence of resources in developing countries, it is important to distinguish lymphomatous effusion from a reactive process based on morphology. Monomorphous population of the lymphoid cells and presence of mercury drop karyorrhexis are useful morphological clues in identifying a lymphomatous effusion. Further, tuberculosis is a common non-neoplastic process that can be mistaken for a low-grade NHL.
ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL DRUG INTERACTIONS AMONG HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS IN NEUROLOGY DEPARTMENT IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS
Authors: DAIS DIJO , CHERUVATHOOR RANJEET AVIS , R KAMESWARAN , RAJAGOPAL SHANMUGA SUNDARAM 
Published: October 2019

Objective: This research was instigated to determine and assess the prevalence, severity, type, and the total number of potential drug interactions in the neurology department of two hospitals in India.
Methods: The data were collected from the prescriptions and by patient history interview on a daily basis. The drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were identified using Micromedex® database-2.7 and drugs.com.
Results: The drug interactions were influenced by a plethora of risk factors: Gender, age, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, and the neurological condition. The study was comprised 320 patients, among 196 patients were identified with potential DDIs (PDDIs), and a total of 450 PDDIs were observed. The prevalence of PDDIs according to the severity was major (42.6%), moderate (45.11%), and minor (12.22%).
Conclusion: To lessen PDDIs, the range of medications for the patients must be properly managed, and it is encouraged to remove all medicines without therapeutic advantage, intention, and an indication.
STUDY OF PANEL OF DIAGNOSTIC CARDIAC MARKERS FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: KUMAR ANOOP , SHARMA PREETI , KUMAR PRADEEP , KUMAR ASHOK 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study is to estimate the level of creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) biomarker in myocardial infarction (MI) (troponin T-positive) and compare with normal healthy individuals (Troponin-T [TnT] negative).
Methods: A cross-sectional study on 172 patients involving 100 patients with nondiabetic MI and 72 apparently healthy controls with no history of diabetes and/or MI was done from December 2017 to May 2018. The diagnosis of MI was established with electrocardiogram findings and TnT estimation. Blood samples were gathered and processed for the estimation of CK-MB, LDH, and CRP.
Results: The mean age of the cases was 62.15±7.75 years and in the controls was 61.49±8.35 years (p=0.592). The mean value of CK-MB, LDH, and CRP in the TnT positive group was 111.94±29.59 IU/L, 564.43±110.99 IU/L, and 15.69±4.04 mg/L, whereas in the TnT negative group was 16.36±3.77 IU/L, 223.68±36.23 IU/L, and 6.08±2.02 mg/L, respectively (p<0.0001). CK-MB was deranged in 100% of TnT positive group, and in only 2.78% in TnT negative group (p<0.0001). LDH was deranged in 100% TnT positive group, and in 16.67% in TnT negative group (p<0.0001). CRP was deranged in 4% TnT positive group, and in 0% in TnT negative group (p=0.141).
Conclusion: This study indicated that CK-MB and LDH are sensitive cardiac markers for the diagnosis of MI.
IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI MEDIK. (MALVACEAE) AGAINST EGGS AND L3 LARVAE OF HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS
Authors: HASSAN MUSHEERUL , RA MIR , JOSHI TRIPTI , AHMAD YATOO FIRDOUS , HABIB HUMA 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study was carried out to assess the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Abutilon theophrasti stem extracts.
Methods: Simple maceration was employed for extraction. Solvents such as methanol, water, and hexane were used. Egg hatch test (EHT) and larval motility test were employed to check the anthelmintic activity of crude extracts. Concentrations of 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.25 mg/ml were made. Levamisole and distilled water served as control, respectively.
Results: All selected extracts displayed concentration-dependent inhibition except aqueous extracts. At higher concentration (500 mg/ml), stem extracts (methanol, aqueous, and ethanol) showed 74.39%, 72.5 and 70.03% of efficacy in EHT, respectively (p≤0.05). Meanwhile, inhibition of larval motility was seen higher with inhibition percentage of 79.79, 75.65, and 71.28 by methanolic, aqueous, and hexane extracts, respectively (p≤ 0.05).
Conclusion: The presents study suggests active principles having anthelmintic efficacy in Abutilon theopharsti stem.
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF KALANCHOE PINNATA IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: OPHELIA GEORGE LATHA , HR RADHA , BV SOMASHEKARAIAH 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The main purpose of the present study was to analyze the antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of the leaf of Kalanchoe pinnata in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic and endocrine disease regarded as a serious global public health problem. Albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group I (normal) received drinking water throughout the course till 20 days. Groups II-IV received alloxan (120 mg/kg b.w) i.p on the 1st day of the study period. Group III animals received glibenclamide (10 mg/kg p.o) and Group IV received K. pinnata (200 mg/kg b.w p.o) for 20 days. The body weight, blood glucose level, serum urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, cholesterol, total protein (TP), uric acid, and tissue (liver) antioxidant parameters: Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were measured.
Results: K. pinnata treated rats showed the percentage increase in the body weight, decrease in the blood sugar level, creatinine, TP level, urea, uric acid, and BUN, MDA, and GSH when compared to alloxan-induced diabetic mellitus control rats. Thus, K. pinnata could be possibly employed to treat DM.
Conclusion: This preliminary analysis tested the most promising profile. It seems that methanolic extract of the leaf of K. pinnata improved general, blood serum, and liver antidiabetic agent. However, further studies confirming its potential is certainly warranted.
ESTIMATION THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF CURCUMIN AND ROSEMARY AMONG PATIENTS WITH DENTAL CARIES IN VITRO
Authors: AL-SHARIFI EHAN ABDULHADI , AL-MAHMOOD ASIA ABED , AL-MAHMOOD SUMAYAH 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim is to estimate the effect of curcumin and rosemary as antibacterial agents among dental caries cases.
Methods: Samples of saliva were randomly collected from 40 patients in Al-Furat General Hospital who attended the hospital from July to September 2018. Swabs were cultured on blood agar at 37°C for 24 h and then subcultured in mannitol salt agar and trypticase soy broth at 37°C for 24 h. Different concentrations of aqueous extract curcumin solution (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml) and rosemary solution (1 g/ml) were prepared and added to the bacterial culture. Later, minimum inhibition zones of the bacterial cultures were determined.
Results: The results showed that there were 25 cases of Streptococcus mutans, 10 cases of Staphylococcus aureus, 3 cases of anaerobic bacteria, and 2 cases of normal flora among 40 culturing swabs of bacteria. Aqueous extract of curcumin showed antibacterial effect with concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml) against oral bacteria; nevertheless, these bacteria were resistant to the aqueous extract of rosemary with concentration 1 g/ml.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that curcumin can be an effective antibacterial agent against dental caries disease and its effect increases positively in relation to its concentration. On the other hand, rosemary with 1 g/ml concentration did not show any effect on oral bacteria.
SYNTHESIS, BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION, AND DOCKING STUDY OF NOVEL 2-PHENYL-1- BENZOPYRAN-4-ONE DERIVATIVES - AS A POTENT CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 INHIBITOR
Authors: KIRUTHIGA NATARAJAN , PRABHA THANGAVELU , SELVINTHANUJA CHELLAPPA , SRINIVASAN KULANDAIVEL , SIVAKUMAR THANGAVEL 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The inflammation and oxidative stress were related together in the generation of reactive oxygen species, which is responsible for the enhancement of inflammation associated with various chronic diseases.
Methods: The aim of this study is to synthezise and characterizes the flavones (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) derivatives and analyzed by their docking hypothetical data as an effective anti-inflammatory mediator against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. Further, the evaluation of various in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory studies was carried out.
Results: The 10 compounds were synthesized and characterized by ultraviolet, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopic techniques. The docking data results of these 10 flavones derivatives against COX-2 enzymes (Protein Data Bank ID: 3LN1) showed the binding energy ranging between −5.53 kcal/mol and −7.02 kcal/mol when compared with that of the standard diclofenac (−6.34 kcal/mol). The in vitro studies suggest that the lipophilic character of the side chain donor, along with the hydroxyl substituted flavones found to have significant half maximal inhibitory concentration values.
Conclusion: Based on these in silico and in vitro evaluation results, these synthesized compounds could act as a promising inhibitor to target the COX- 2 enzyme. Hence, those compounds were effective in the management of chronic diseases by exhibits free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory property.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYCLOHEXANE-1,3-DIONE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR IN SILICO AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON ANTIMICROBIAL AND BREAST CANCER ACTIVITY
Authors: CHINNAMANAYAKAR RAJA , MR EZHILARASI , B PRABHA , M KULANDHAIVEL 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate in silico and in vitro anticancer activity for synthesized cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives.
Methods: The new series of cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives were synthesized based on the Michael addition reaction. Further, the structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 13C NMR spectral data. Then, the in silico molecular docking studies were carried out using AutoDock tool version 1.5.6 and AutoDock version 4.2.5.1 docking program. The antimicrobial activity was carried out using the agar disk diffusion method, and the in vitro anticancer activity was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for the synthesized compound.
Results: In silico docking study, compound 5c showed good binding score and binding interactions with selected bacterial proteins and breast cancer protein. Further, compound (5a-5h) was tested for their antimicrobial activity and compound 5c was only tested for anticancer activity (human breast adenocarcinoma 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine-MB-231 cell line). Compound 5c was found to be the most active one of all the tested compounds. In the MTT assay compound, 5c showed the LC50 value of 10.31±0.003 μg/ml. In antimicrobial activity, the minimum inhibitory concentration of compound 5c is 2.5 mg/ml.
Conclusion: An efficient synthesis of biologically active cyclohexane-1, 3-dione derivatives has been developed.
EVALUATION OF ANTIPSORIATIC ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. CAPITATA AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF MENTHA SPICATA LEAVES ON IMIQUIMOD-INDUCED PSORIASIS-LIKE DERMATITIS
Authors: HUSNA S AYESHA , V JAYASANKAR REDDY 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the antipsoriatic activity of aqueous extract of Brassica oleracea var. capitata leaves (BOAE) and ethanolic extract of Mentha spicata leaves (MSEE) on Imiquimod-induced Psoriasis-like dermatitis.
Methods: Imiquimod induction method for psoriasis-like dermatitis was used for the evaluation of antipsoriatic activity. Extracts were tested at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) and 400 mg/kg b.wt. in Swiss albino mice. These test doses were compared with the Retino-A (0.025%) treated group which serves as a standard group. Parameters studied in the test include changes in body weight, spleen weight and spleen index, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, hemoglobin, red blood cells, platelets, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, epidermal thickness, erythema, desquamation, skin thickness, superoxide dismutase, catalase, lipid peroxidation of skin and percentage orthokeratotic values, drug activity, and relative epidermal thickness.
Results: MSEE at dose of 400 mg/kg b.wt has shown more effect when compared with MSEE at low dose, BOAE topical and oral.
Conclusion: From the study, it was concluded that the above extracts have promising anti-psoriatic activity.
SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE ENHANCEMENT OF EZETIMIBE BY SOLID DISPERSION AND PELLETIZATION TECHNIQUES
Authors: KUNAM VISWANADH , SURYADEVARA VIDYADHARA , RAO GARIKAPATI DEVALA , MANDAVA VENKATA BASAVESWARA RAO , SUNKARA SIVA PRASAD 
Published: October 2019

Objective: In the present investigation, an attempt was made to improve the surface characters and solubility of the drug by solid dispersion and coating it on the non-pareil sugar beads as pellets.
Methods: Ezetimibe solid dispersions were prepared by solvent evaporation technique using Kollidon VA64 as binder and solubility enhancer. Crospovidone as disintegrant and ethanol was used as solvent. Ezetimibe pellets were prepared by dissolving ezetimibe, kollidonVA64, and crospovidone in ethanol in different ratios and coated on non-pareil sugar beads as a drug layer by pan coating technique.
Results: All the formulations were further evaluated for physicochemical parameters such as particle size, friability, angle of repose, and drug content. In vitro dissolution studies were carried out in 1% sodium lauryl sulfate using USP apparatus II.
Conclusion: It was observed that the dissolution rate of the solid dispersion formulation ESD5 showed better dissolution rate to the extent of 1.05 folds and 1.824 folds when compared to a marketed formulation and pure drug, respectively. Similarly, formulation EPL5 containing 1:5 ratio of ezetimibe to Kollidon VA64 showed improved dissolution rate to the extent of 1.091 folds and 1.986 folds when compared to the marketed formulation and pure drug, respectively. Majority of the formulations displayed first-order release kinetics and were found to be linear with R2 values in the range of 0.874–0.993. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that there was no major interaction between the drug and excipients used in the design of formulation. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed for solid dispersions, pellet formulations, and its polymers to determine the surface characteristics.
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CLUSTER DIFFERENTIATION 4 COUNTS, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS CLINICAL STAGES, AND HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL AMONG HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PATIENTS WITH ANEMIA IN MERPATI CLINIC, WANGAYA HOSPITAL, DENPASAR, BALI, INDONESIA: A CROSS-SECTI
Authors: SURYANA KETUT , SUHARSONO HAMONG , BUDIASA GEDE , ANTARA JARWA , ASTUTI PUJI , INDAH IDA AYU , STUTI PUTRI 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) counts, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinical stages, and hemoglobin (Hb) level among HIV-infected patients with anemia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2017 at Merpati Clinic of Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. We selected 79 HIV patients with anemia to participate in our study. We grouped CD4 counts into two categories: <200 cells/μL and ≥200 cells/μL, and we classified the HIV clinical stages into HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Results: About 55.7% (44) of men and 44.3% (35) of women were participated in this study. As many as, 91.1% (72) of participants were AIDS patients. The mean Hb was 8.77 g/dl with SD 1.79 g/dl. 81% (64) of study participants were suffered from anemia on chronic disease or inflammatory anemia, and 19% (15) of study participants were suffered from iron deficiency anemia. The median for CD4 counts was 94 cells/μL (3–309 cells/μL) with as many as 78.5% (62) of participants were found to have low CD4 counts (<200 cells/μL). Spearman analysis revealed a positive correlation between CD4 counts and Hb level (r=0.427, p<0.001). Independent sample t-test analysis found a correlation between the HIV clinical stages and Hb level. There was a difference between the mean of Hb level in each stage with the average difference of 0.8 g/dl (95% confidence interval 0.04–1.6; p<0.04).
Conclusions: There is a correlation between CD4 counts, HIV clinical stages, and Hb level among HIV patients with anemia.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN CONTRIBUTE INTO ATTENUATION OF ACUTE GENTAMICIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: AL-KURAISHY HAYDER M , AL-GAREEB ALI I , RASHEED HUDA ABDULBAKI 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Nephrotoxicity is a renal-specific situation in which the excretion of toxic metabolites is reduced due to toxic agents and drugs. Gentamicin is an antibiotic belongs to aminoglycoside group which may induce nephrotoxicity due to induction of oxidative stress. Curcumin is a component of traditional medicine with significant nephroprotective effect. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of curcumin on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Methods: A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used which divided into Group 1 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus normal saline 5 ml/kg for 12 days, Group 2 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days, and Group 3 (n=10): Rats treated with curcumin 100 mg/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days. Blood urea, serum creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), kidney injury molecule (KIM-1), and cystatin-C were measured in both control and experimental groups.
Results: Rats treated with gentamicin showed nephrotoxicity as evident by significant elevation in blood urea, serum creatinine, KIM-1, MDA, and cystatin-C sera levels. Curcumin leads to significant reduction of blood urea and serum creatinine compared to gentamicin group, p<0.05. Curcumin also reduced MDA, KIM-1, and cystatin-C sera levels significantly compared to gentamicin group, p<0.01.
Conclusion: Curcumin produced significant nephroprotective effect on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers.