bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical study of Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction&nbsp;in Perioperative Period of Cholelithiasis: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Sun Baofang , Zhu Wentao , Chen Qiangpu , Zhang Changxi , Wei Qiang , Ji Haibin , Zhang Fan , Guan Qinghai , Lv Xiaoqin , Zhang Xingyuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction is a new prescription designed by the author to add astragalus, frankincense and myrrh on the basis of the classic Xiaochengqi Decoction based on the characteristics of biliary tract surgery, and it has been used for clinical differentiation.Therefore, in order to evaluate the clinical effect of Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction in perioperative period of cholelithiasis, this study conducted a prospective randomized controlled study. Methods A total of 162 patients with cholelithiasis were randomly divided into three groups. Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction group: ERAS process + Modified Xiaochengqi decoction. Xiaochengqi Decoction group: ERAS process + Xiaochengqi decoction. Control group: ERAS process + warm boiled water 50ml.Compare the clinical indicators, immune indicators and acute inflammatory stress response indicators between the three groups, and observe the adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine. Results Clinical indicators In the Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction group, the postoperative VAS pain scores was decreased, the postoperative activity time and activity distance was increased, the feeding time was advanced, the recovery of gastrointestinal function was advanced, the postoperative cost and postoperative hospital stay was reduced and the incidence of nausea and vomiting was reduced (P <0.05).There was no serious adverse reaction in Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction. Immune indicators On the 1st and 2nd day after operation, the expression of CD3+,CD4+,CD19+ and the ratio of CD4 + / CD8 + in the Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction group was higher than that in the Xiaochengqi Decoction group and the control group.The expression of CD8+ and NK cell was not statistically different between the three groups (P>0.05). A cute inflammatory stress response indicators On the 1st and 2nd day after the operation, the expression of IL-6, CRP and SAA in the Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction group was lower than that in the control group, and the expression of substance P was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in IL-10 expression between the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction relieved the inflammatory response and improved the immune function in the perioperative period, and promoted postoperative rehabilitation. Moreover, there was no serious adverse reaction in Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction.Trial registration This study is registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.The registration identification number is ChiCTR2000033125.Registered 25 May 2015 Retrospectivelyregistered,http://www.medresman.org.cn/ChiCTR2000033125.
Flavonoid quercetin modulates glucose metabolism by up-regulating the methylation status of genes as Kcnj11, Gys1 and Erp29 in liver of Wistar rats
Authors: Gao Weina , Bian Xiangyu , Ma Yuying , Yu Yijing , Shi Tala , Yao Zhanxin , Pu Lingling , Guo Changjiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Quercetin is a flavonoid that exists extensively in vegetables and fruits, and has many biological activities. It is reported that quercetin participates in the regulation of glucose metabolism through various mechanisms. However, whether DNA methylation is involved in those regulatory effects remains unclear. As liver is one of the main organ involved in methyl and glucose metabolism, DNA methylation targets related to glucose metabolism were identified in liver of Wistar rats upon quercetin exposure. Methods: The rats were fed a control diet or a 0.5% quercetin-supplemented diet for 6 weeks. Arraystar Rat 4 × 180K RN4 RefSeq Promoter Arrays were used for a genome-wide survey of DNA methylation in rat livers. NimbleScan v2.5 software was used to process microarray data. DAVID software was used to perform GO and Pathway analysis of regulatory networks. Gene promoter methylation status was examined by the ChIP-quantitative PCR assay, and hepatic levels of methylated Kcnj11, Erp29, Gys1, Flot1 and GAPDH were evaluated. Gene expression was assayed by quantitative PCR, and hepatic mRNA expression levels of Kcnj11, Gys1 and Erp29 were estimated. Results: Quercetin induced specific changes in DNA methylation. A total of 1,263 differentially expressed genes were found in 22 chromosomes, particularly on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, and 10. According to GO functional analysis, differential genes have focused on organic substance, cellular and primary metabolic process. According to pathway analysis, the most enrichment pathways included Type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin signaling pathway and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. Nineteen up-methylated genes were found among several biological pathways after quercetin treatment. Critical genes and pathways associated with glucose metabolism (Kcnj11 and Gys1) and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (Erp29) were changed significantly. Promoter methylation levels of Kcnj11, Gys1, and Erp29 were significantly increased, and the mRNA expression of those genes significantly decreased simultaneously upon quercetin exposure. Conclusions: Quercetin changed the promoter methylation status and expression of Kcnj11, Gys1, and Erp29, which are mainly related to glucose metabolism. The gene Kcnj11, Gys1, and Erp29 could be novel epigenetic targets of quercetin in regulating glucose metabolism.
How to Perform a Reliable Full Spine X-ray Examination in Juvenile and Adolescent Scoliosis.Experience outcome
Authors: Palandri Sergio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:Ionizing radiations, even at low doses, present side effects that are known as well as girls and toung women constitute the most sensible individuals from a radioprotectional point of view. On the other side full spine x-ray radiography is the gold standard in diagnose and follow-up of AIS, where individuals involved are typicaly girls and young women.For these reasons, a partuicular care permorming radiographics esamination in this scope, in mandatory.The aim of this work is to provide a simple and detailed protocol to perform full-spine X-ray examination in diagnosis and follow-up of AISThis paper is the result of our experience along 7y of work in application and study of the scoliosis in the first two decades of life, combining the orthopaedist’s requirements, the surgical requirements along with the care for the particularly significant relational feature, due to the specific category of most individuals undergoing this radiological examination.Methods:For the maximum usability and Clarity, we considered three main topics: a) single examination b) examination during orthotic treatment and c) pre-op control. For each one we explained number and type of X-ray view used and how we performed them with the assistance of detalide figures. Results:By comparing X-ray images before and after the application of our protocol, we saw a significant increase in the quality of the produced images as well as a positive feedback from patients and parents acceptance.Conclusions:An extended collaboration between the Orthopaedic Surgeons and the Radiographer, has led to a clear improvement in technical execution and in an exposure dose reduction. Furthermore a particular attention to the patient’s comfort, along with some technical stratagems, led to an improving effectiveness of the services supplied.
A Survey on Generative Adversarial Networks for imbalance problems in computer vision tasks
Authors: Sampath Vignesh , Maurtua Iñaki , Martín Juan José Aguilar , Gutierrez Aitor 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Any computer vision application development starts off by acquiring images and data, then preprocessing and pattern recognition steps to perform a task. When the acquired images are highly imbalanced and not adequate, the desired task may not be achievable. Unfortunately, the occurrence of imbalance problems in acquired image datasets in certain complex real-world problems such as anomaly detection, emotion recognition, medical image analysis, fraud detection, metallic surface defect detection, disaster prediction, etc., are inevitable. The performance of computer vision algorithms can significantly deteriorate when the training dataset is imbalanced. In recent years, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have gained immense attention by researchers across a variety of application domains due to their capability to model complex real-world image data. It is particularly important that GANs can not only be used to generate synthetic images, but also its fascinating adversarial learning idea showed good potential in restoring balance in imbalanced datasets.In this paper, we examine the most recent developments of GANs based techniques for addressing imbalance problems in image data. The real-world challenges and implementations of synthetic image generation based on GANs are extensively covered in this survey. Our survey first introduces various imbalance problems in computer vision tasks and its existing solutions, and then examines key concepts such as deep generative image models and GANs. After that, we propose a taxonomy to summarize GANs based techniques for addressing imbalance problems in computer vision tasks into three major categories: 1. Image level imbalances in classification, 2. object level imbalances in object detection and 3. pixel level imbalances in segmentation tasks. We elaborate the imbalance problems of each group, and provide GANs based solutions in each group. Readers will understand how GANs based techniques can handle the problem of imbalances and boost performance of the computer vision algorithms.
PECULIARITIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF CORN EARWORM IN THE MAIZE AGROCENOSIS OF THE LEFT-BANK FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Liaska Yuliia , Stryhun Oleksandr 
Published: December 2020

Biological features of the development of the corn earworm in Ukraine are insufficiently studied. Therefore, the research conducted in 2017–2019 were the first attempt to describe in detail the phenology of the pest in the maize agrocenosis of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It was found, that the emergence duration of the corn earworm imagoes during the years of research lasted 46–52 days. The first butterflies on maize appeared in the first and third decades of June. The mass emergence of the phytophagous occurred in the second-third decade of July (the bloom period of maize). The seasonal dynamics of corn earworm imago in maize significantly depended on both the weather conditions of the growing seasons and the phases of crop development. The duration of development of the stages of eggs, caterpillars and pupae in 2017–2019 was 5.3, 31 and 20 days, at the sum of effective temperatures of 38.5, 243.6 and 147.0 °C, accordingly. In maize crops in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine corn earworm developed during one generation, and the second generation was optional. Corn plants are damaged only by the first generation of phytophagous. For the development of the first generation of phytophagous, the sum of effective temperatures must be 590–610 °C at the development threshold of +15.0 °C, the duration of development is on average 61.3 days, at the average daily air temperature +21.6 °C.
Using Serious Games for Antismoking Health Campaigns: Experimental Study
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Song Hayeon , Merrill Jr Kelly , Jung Younbo , Kwon Remi Junghuem 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundSerious games for health have been gaining in popularity among scholars and practitioners. However, there remain a few questions to be addressed.ObjectiveThis study tests the effects of a serious game and fear appeals on smoking-related outcomes. More specifically, this research aims to understand how serious games function as a more effective vehicle for a health campaign than a traditional medium, such as a print-based pamphlet. Further, while serious games utilize a variety of persuasive strategies in the game’s content, it is not clear whether fear appeals, which are widely used persuasive-message strategies for health, can be an effective strategy in serious games. Thus, we are testing the effect of fear appeals in a serious game.MethodsWe created a computer game and a print brochure to educate participants about the risks of smoking. More specifically, a flash-based single-player game was developed in which players were asked to avoid cigarettes in the gameplay context. We also developed an online brochure based on existing smoking-related brochures at a university health center; antismoking messages on the computer game and in the brochure were comparable. Then, an experiment using a 2 (media type: game vs. print) x 2 (fearful image: fear vs. no-fear) between-subjects design was conducted. The study recruitment was announced to undergraduate students enrolled in a large, public Midwestern university in the United States. After a screening test, a total of 72 smokers, who reported smoking in the past 30 days, participated in the experiment.ResultsOverall, gameplay, when compared to print-based pamphlets, had greater impacts on attitudes toward smoking and the intention to quit smoking. Further, the game’s persuasive effects were especially pronounced when messages contained fear appeals. When fearful images were presented, participants in the game condition reported significantly more negative attitudes toward social smoking than those in the print condition [F(1,67)=7.28; P=.009; ηp2=0.10]. However, in the no-fear condition, there was no significant difference between the conditions [F(1,67)=0.25; P=.620]. Similarly, the intention to quit smoking [F(1,67)=4.64; P=.035; ηp2=0.07] and susceptibility [F(1,67)=6.92; P=.011; ηp2=0.09] were also significantly different between the conditions, but only when fear appeals were used.ConclusionsThis study extends fear appeal research by investigating the effects of different media types. It offers empirical evidence that a serious game can be an effective vehicle for fear appeals.
Selection of membranes and reagents for membrane facilities operation to treat ground water
Authors: Golovesov Vladimir A. , Rudakova Galina Ya. , Pervov Alexei G. , Spitsov Dmitriy V. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. New techniques to operate reverse osmosis facilities are presented as well as problems and disadvantages are discussed that vodocanals face with, such as: imported chemicals, high operational costs, low reliability, concentrate handling and disposal. Main reasons that cause problems are understood. Experiments are described that provide evaluation of reagents efficiencies and ways to significantly decrease concentrate flows and reduce operational costs. A newly developed approach is presented that uses nanofiltration membranes and enables us to reduce chemical, energy and concentrate discharge costs. Goals — the investigation of antiscaling efficiencies together with use of membranes with different properties to reduce operational costs due to low chemical dosing, low pressure and energy consumption.
Materials and methods. Experiments are conducted to evaluate inhibiting efficiencies using different antiscalant doses and different membranes. Experimental method is describe to calculate rates of calcium carbonate formation as a function of coefficient K (Initial Volume Reduction coefficient) value. To provide economical comparison of different water treatment techniques, operational costs are evaluated depending on operational parameters, such as: coefficient K, working pressure antiscalant dose values as well as membrane type used.
Results. Main relationships are obtained of calcium carbonate scaling rates that provide chemical consumption, concentrate flow rate and power consumption. Using two ground water compositions examples are calculated to predict product water composition for different membranes and of feed water and product water flows. Operational costs are calculated for both cases.
Conclusions. To reduce hardness of the ground water nanofiltration membranes can be efficiently applied that ensures low operational costs of membrane facility. Application of nanofiltration membranes possess lower scaling propensities and therefore enables us to use smaller doses of aniscalants added to feed water. Despite the increased amount of membrane elements required to furnish membrane facility, the total operational costs amount is lower due to lower chemical costs (antiscalants and cleaning agents), energy costs as well as payments for concentrate disposal.
PENGUJIAN ADAPTASI BEBERAPA KLON KARET PADA MASA TANAMAN BELUM MENGHASILKAN
Authors: Sayurandi Sayurandi , Suhendry Irwan , Pasaribu Syarifah Aini 
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kinerja beberapa klon karet pada pengujian adaptasi selama masa tanaman belum menghasilkan. Sebanyak sembilan klon karet yaitu IRR 5, IRR 104, IRR 112, IRR 118, IRR 119, IRR 230, PB 217, RRIM 921, RRII 105 dan klon pembanding PB 260 diuji dalam penelitian ini. Pengujian adaptasi dilakukan pada dua daerah yang memiliki agroekosistem yang berbeda, yaitu Gunung Tua yang terletak di Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara memiliki iklim yang lebih kering dan Batang Toru terletak di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan memiliki iklim yang lebih basah. Pengujian adaptasi dibangun pada tahun 2005 dan 2007 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Pengamatan karakter pertumbuhan lilit batang dilakukan pada umur 2, 3 dan 4 tahun, sedangkan karakter tebal kulit dan anatomi kulit diamati pada umur 4 tahun. Intensitas serangan penyakit gugur daun Oidium, Colletotrichum, dan Corynespora diamati pada umur 3 tahun. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa klon IRR 104 dan IRR 118 memiliki pertumbuhan yang cukup jagur di daerah kering, sedangkan klon IRR 5, IRR 112, PB 217 dan RRIM 921 memiliki pertumbuhan paling jagur pada kondisi iklim lebih basah. Berdasarkan karakter tebal kulit dan anatomi kulit menunjukkan klon IRR 5, PB 217, RRII 105, dan RRIM 921 memiliki karakter tebal kulit paling tinggi, sedangkan klon IRR 5, IRR 104, IRR 112, IRR 118, dan IRR 230 memiliki karakter anatomi kulit yang cukup baik. Semua klon yang diuji tergolong agak resisten hingga resisten terhadap penyakit gugur daun Oidium, Colletotrichum, dan Corynespora.Diterima : 8 Oktober 2013; Direvisi : 24 Desember 2013; Disetujui : 4 Maret 2014 How to Cite : Sayurandi., Suhendry, I., & Pasaribu, S. A. (2014). Pengujian adaptasi beberapa klon karet pada masa tanaman belum menghasilkan. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(1), 1-9. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/144
EFEKTIVITAS BAKTERI ANTAGONIS (Pseudomonas sp.) UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT CABANG JAMUR UPAS (Corticium salmonicolor)
Authors: Fairuzah Zaida , Dalimunthe Cici Indriani , Daslin Aidi 
Published: December 2020

Penyakit jamur upas (Corticium salmonicolor) pada batang dan cabang tanaman karet tidak sepopuler serangan penyakit daun maupun akar meskipun demikian dampak kerugian yang disebabkan oleh kerusakan cabang dan batang cukup tinggi terutama di daerah yang mempunyai curah hujan tinggi dan kelembaban tinggi. Untuk itu perlu ditemukan mikroorganisme antagonis efektif dan efisien untuk pengendalian penyakit cabang jamur upas seperti bakteri Pseudomonas sp. Oleh karena itu, perlu penegasan mengenai keefektivan dari Pseudomonas sp. tersebut dengan melakukan pengujian kembali. Pengujian dilakukan dengan cara mengoleskan Pseudomonas sp. pada cabang yang terserang jamur upas dengan berbagai tingkat serangan. Perlakuan dilakukan sebanyak empat kali dengan interval satu minggu. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan 7 perlakuan yang terdiri dari Pseudomonas sp (tanpa penyimpanan, satu bulan penyimpanan, dua bulan penyimpanan, dan tiga bulan penyimpanan), dua macam fungisida kimia (Triadimefon dan Heksakonazol), dan kontrol (tanpa aplikasi). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali dengan 20 tanaman sampel pada setiap unitnya. Pengamatan dilaksanakan setiap bulan setelah aplikasi ke empat dengan parameter persentase kesembuhan penyakit. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan pada tingkat kepercayaan lima persen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pseudomonas sp. dengan penyimpanan selama tiga bulan memiliki kemampuan terbaik mengendalikan penyakit jamur upas di lapangan dengan persentase kesembuhan mencapai 80,49%. Hal ini tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan fungisida kimia tetapi berbeda nyata bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Diterima : 30 Juli 2013; Direvisi : 2 September 2013; Disetujui : 27 Maret 2014 How to Cite : Fairuzah, Z., Dalimunthe, C. I., & Daslin, A. (2014). Efektivitas bakteri antagonis (Pseudomonas sp.) Untuk mengendalikan penyakit cabang jamur upas (Corticium salmonicolor). Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(1), 37-44. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/149
PEMEKATAN LATEKS KEBUN SECARA CEPAT DENGAN PROSES SENTRIFUGASI PUTARAN RENDAH
Authors: Prastanto Henry , Falaah Asron Ferdian , Maspanger Dadi R. 
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari kombinasi proses pendadihan dan sentrifugasi, untuk meningkatkan kecepatan pendadihan dengan menggunakan mesin sentrifugasi kecepatan rendah. Lateks pekat adalah salah satu jenis produk komersial dari industri karet dan masih diproduksi oleh pabrik besar, umumnya dibuat dari mesin sentrifugasi yang biaya investasinya mahal. Hal inilah yang menjadi hambatan bagi industri kecil untuk terjun dalam industri lateks pekat. Untuk memproduksi lateks pekat dari lateks kebun dapat dilakukan dengan proses sentrifugasi putaran tinggi (9000-15000 rpm) dan pendadihan. Lateks dadih adalah lateks pekat, dibuat dengan menggunakan bahan pendadih misalnya CMC dan alginat dalam tangki secara batch selama 1-2 minggu dan proses pendadihan ini kecepatan pemisahannya sangat lambat, sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang lama, akibatnya lateks pekat yang diproduksi dengan teknik pendadihan tidak populer di industri. Dalam penelitian ini sebuah mesin sentrifugasi didisain sederhana dan diharapkan layak digunakan oleh industri kecil menengah, digerakkan dengan motor 5 HP dengan kecepatan maksimum 5000 rpm dan mempunyai kapasitas sekitar 5-6 liter lateks kebun. Untuk memproduksi lateks dadih sekitar 5 liter lateks kebun per jam, bahan pendadih CMC ditambahkan ke lateks kebun dengan dosis 0 sampai 0,2%. Waktu sentrifugasi divariasikan selama 0 sampai 60 menit pada kecepatan 5000 rpm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kondisi optimum untuk memperoleh Kadar Karet Kering di atas 60% diperoleh pada dosis CMC hanya 0,1% dengan waktu sentrifugasi selama 45 menit. Diterima : 25 April 2014; Direvisi : 18 Mei 2014; Disetujui : 9 Juli 2014 How to Cite : Prastanto, H., Falaah, A. F., & Maspanger, D. R. (2014). Pemekatan lateks kebun secara cepat dengan proses sentrifugasi putaran rendah. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(2), 181-188. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/163