bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching across disciplines: a case study of a project-based short course to teach holistic coastal adaptation design
Authors: Judge Pamela K. , Buxton Jane A. , Sheahan Thomas C. , Phetteplace Eleanor R. , Kriebel David L. , Hamin Infield Elisabeth M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClimate change has led to the need for innovation in resilient infrastructure and the social policies which will support those. This requires greater interdisciplinary interactions and knowledge building among emerging professionals. This paper presents a case study of a pilot short course intended to immerse graduate students in the design of resilient infrastructure using place-based and interdisciplinary active team learning. This course helps graduate students bridge the gap between research and practice on the social science and engineering of resilient infrastructure for coastal adaptation. The intellectual framework for the course (the Adaptive Gradients Framework) provides a holistic evaluation of adaptation design proposals and was used to recognize the complexity of social, ecological and engineering aspects and varied social benefits. The course provides a model to move outside rigid boundaries of institutions and disciplines to begin to build, in both students and instructors, the ability to work more effectively on complex social-ecological-engineering problems. Finally, this paper presents a summary of lessons learned from this pilot short course.
Metacognitive beliefs in individuals at risk for psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of sex differences
Authors: Baumgartner Josef , Litvan Zsuzsa , Koch Marlene , Hinterbuchinger Barbara , Friedrich Fabian , Baumann Lukas , Mossaheb Nilufar 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Background
Sex differences were found in several domains in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis, but no previous work has systematically reviewed and analysed possible sex differences in metacognition in this population. However, alterations in metacognitive beliefs have been shown in the at-risk mental state for psychosis population. Our aim was to qualitatively review and quantitatively analyse the existing literature for data on sex differences in metacognitive beliefs—mainly depicted by the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ) and its short form (MCQ-30)—in individuals with at-risk mental states.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of the literature on metacognition in help-seeking adolescents and young adults at ultra-high risk for psychosis. We included peer-reviewed articles that included a high-risk for psychosis group assessed with operationalised criteria and instruments. For the quantitative meta-analysis, only studies comparing MCQ data in high-risk individuals were included. A fixed-effect meta-model was used and forest plots drawn for each subscale and overall score. The studies were weighted according to the inverse variance method in order to calculate pooled confidence intervals and p values.

Results
No article on metacognitive beliefs in individuals at increased risk for psychosis explicitly reported possible sex differences. Our meta-analysis of 234 (57% male) individuals’ scores in the MCQ yielded no significant sex difference.

Conclusions
Currently, no sex differences in metacognition can be described in the at-risk population; however, data are insufficient and heterogeneous with regard to thoroughly answering the question whether sex differences in clinical high-risk populations are mirrored in the metacognitive domain.
The Subject-Matter of Press Publishers’ Related Rights Under Directive 2019/790 on Copyright and Related Rights in the Digital Single Market
Authors: Czarny-Drożdżejko Elżbieta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe subject of this paper is the interpretation of the definition of a “press publication” contained in the new Directive 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market. The precise examination of particular aspects of this definition is important because the entities issuing publications defined as “press publications” obtain a new related right under the Directive. Thus, the definition constitutes the basis for constructing a monopoly of press publishers in relation to such forms of exploitation of press publications in the digital environment as reproduction and making available to the public. Therefore, this analysis assesses various problems arising from the interpretation of the above-mentioned definition, which indicates that this definition is far from unambivalent. It should also be emphasized that definitions of both the press and press publications as applied in various national legal systems for the purposes of administrative, civil or criminal law overlap, including in areas that are beyond the sphere of EU coordination. Hence, numerous interpretative issues, both in the EU legal system and in the systems of individual Member States, may be expected to arise in the future.
Application of VBGMM for pitch type classification: analysis of TrackMan's pitch tracking data
Authors: Umemura Kazuhiro , Yanai Toshimasa , Nagata Yasushi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the game of baseball, each pitcher throws various types of pitches, such as cutter, curve ball, slider, and splitter. Although the type of a given pitch may be inferred by audience and/or obtained from the TrackMan data, the actual pitch type (i.e., the pitch type declared by the pitcher) may not be known. Classification of pitch types is a challenging task, as pitched baseballs may have different kinematic characteristics across pitchers even if the self-declared pitch types are the same. In addition, there is a possibility that the kinematic characteristics of pitched baseballs are identical even if the self-declared pitch types are different. In this study, we aimed to classify TrackMan data of pitched baseballs into pitch types by applying the Variational Bayesian Gaussian Mixture Models technique. We also aimed to analyze the kinematic characteristics of the classified pitch types and indices related to batting performance while pitching each pitch type. The results showed that the pitch types could not be accurately classified solely by kinematic characteristics, but with consideration of the characteristics of the fastball the accuracy improves substantially. This study could provide a basis for the development of a more accurate automatic pitch type classification system.
Parametric Investigation of a Rail Damper Design Based on a Lab-Scaled Model
Authors: Kuchak Alireza Jahan Tigh , Marinkovic Dragan , Zehn Manfred 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Track noise is one of the main issues in the development of railway networks. It is well known that rail dampers, as a cost-effective, passive means of vibration reduction, do reduce the noise; still, neither the mechanism behind their action nor the influential parameters are well understood.

Purpose
The main purpose of this work is to investigate the efficiency and influential parameters of a rail damper design based on a lab-scaled model of the rail-damper system and an accurate FE model.

Methods
Based on experimental and numerical modal analyses and the Modal Assurance Criteria (MAC) analysis, the FE model updating technique was applied to develop a highly accurate FE model of the rail-damper system for the investigated frequency range. In a further step, the developed FE model is used in a parametric analysis to assess various damper parameters with respect to the efficiency of damping rail vibrations and, therewith, radiated noise.

Results
The investigation performed based on FE simulations demonstrates how different material and geometric parameters of the damper influence the mobility decay rate of rail vertical vibrations. The investigated parameters are the thickness of still and rubber layers, stiffness and damping loss factor of rubber layers, and pre-force in the bolts that press the layers together.

Conclusions
It is shown that the FE model updating technique was capable of producing a highly accurate FE model despite the challenging properties of the real structure and that a combination of the lab-scaled model and the FE model represents a cost-effective approach.
Modeling ice birefringence and oblique radio wave propagation for neutrino detection at the South Pole
Authors: Jordan T. M. , Besson D. Z. , Kravchenko I. , Latif U. , Madison B. , Nokikov A. , Shultz A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) experiment at the South Pole is designed to detect high-energy neutrinos which, via in-ice interactions, produce coherent radiation at frequencies up to 1000 MHz. Characterization of ice birefringence, and its effect upon wave polarization, is proposed to enable range estimation to a neutrino interaction and hence aid in neutrino energy reconstruction. Using radio transmitter calibration sources, the ARA collaboration recently measured polarization-dependent time delay variations and reported significant time delays for trajectories perpendicular to ice flow, but not parallel. To explain these observations, and assess the capability for range estimation, we use fabric data from the SPICE ice core to model ice birefringence and construct a bounding radio propagation model that predicts polarization time delays. We compare the model with new data from December 2018 and demonstrate that the measurements are consistent with the prevailing horizontal crystallographic axis aligned near-perpendicular to ice flow. The study supports the notion that range estimation can be performed for near flow-perpendicular trajectories, although tighter constraints on fabric orientation are desirable for improving the accuracy of estimates.
Corporate Social (Ir)responsibility and Corporate Hypocrisy: Warmth, Motive and the Protective Value of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Chen Zhifeng , Hang Haiming , Pavelin Stephen , Porter Lynda 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThis article examines how a firm’s prior record on corporate social responsibility (CSR) influences individual stakeholders’ perceptions of corporate hypocrisy in the wake of a corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) event. Our research extends extant corporate hypocrisy literature by highlighting the role of individual stakeholders’ inferences about a genuine CSR motive in their judgments of corporate hypocrisy. This can serve to differentiate perceived corporate hypocrisy from inconsistency that arises because of a lack of ability and/or resources. Our research further identifies a source for such perceptions: individual stakeholders’ perceptions of firm warmth generated by a firm’s prior record of CSR. In addition, we find that when CSR and CSI are in the same (vs. different) domains, it can strengthen perceptions of hypocrisy. This provides direct evidence to explain why markets react differently when CSR and CSI events occur in the same domain (vs. different ones).
Women, Peace and Security after Europe's ‘refugee crisis’
Authors: Holvikivi Aiko , Reeves Audrey 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSince its inception in 2000, the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda has conceptualised the conflict-affected woman as a subject worthy of international attention, protection, and inclusion. In the wake of Europe's ‘refugee crisis’, this article examines how the remit of WPS has broadened from women in conflict zones to refugees in Europe's borderlands. A minority of European states now attend, in their WPS policy, to these conflict-affected women on the move. This inclusion productively challenges established notions of where conflict-affectedness is located. It exposes Europe as not always peaceful and safe for women, especially refugees who flee war. Conversely, the dominant tendency to exclude refugees from European WPS policy is built on a fantasy of Europe as peaceful and secure for women, which legitimises the fortressing of Europe and obscures European states’ complicity in fuelling insecurity at their borders, cultivating an ethos of coloniality around the WPS agenda. The inclusion of refugees is no panacea to these problems. If focused solely on protection, it repositions European states as protective heroes and conflict-affected women as helpless victims. The WPS framework nonetheless emphasises conflict-affected women's participation in decision-making and conflict prevention, opening space for recognising the refugee women as political actors.
Differentiating depression and ADHD without depression in adults with processing-speed measures
Authors: Martiny Klaus , Nielsen Niels Peter , Wiig Elisabeth H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:We evaluated processing-speed and shift-cost measures in adults with depression or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and monitored the effects of treatment. We hypothesised that cognitive-speed and shift-cost measures might differentiate diagnostic groups.Methods:Colour, form, and colour–form stimuli were used to measure naming times. The shift costs were calculated as colour–form-naming time minus the sum of colour- and form-naming times. Measurements were done at baseline and end point for 42 adults with depression and 42 with ADHD without depression. Patients with depression were treated with transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields and patients with ADHD with methylphenidate immediate release.Results:During depression treatment, reductions in naming times were recorded weekly. One-way analysis of variance indicated statistical between-group differences, with effect sizes in the medium range for form and colour–form. In both groups, naming times were longer before than after treatment. For the ADHD group, shift costs exceeded the average–normal range at baseline but were in the average–normal range after stabilisation with stimulant medication. For the depression group, shift costs were in the average–normal range at baseline and after treatment. Baseline colour–form-naming times predicted reductions in naming times for both groups, with the largest effect size and index of forecasting efficiency for the ADHD group.Conclusions:The cognitive-processing-speed (colour–form) and shift-cost measures before treatment proved most sensitive in differentiating patients with depression and ADHD. Reductions in naming times for the depression group were suggested to reflect improved psychomotor skills rather than improved cognitive control.
Everyday Nationalism and Authoritarian Rule: A Case Study of North Korea
Authors: Dukalskis Alexander , Lee Junhyoung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article traces the evolution of “everyday nationalism” in North Korea and assesses its relationship to authoritarian resilience. It argues that coercion and the prospect of coercion play important roles in policing the contours of everyday nationalism. The state is able to infuse nationalism and authoritarian control into everyday life, but the “success” of its efforts has limits. This is due to social changes and the ways that material failures nurtured doubts about the legitimacy of the government among some citizens. It draws on data from North Korean state media, secondary historical literature, and 58 semi-structured interviews with North Koreans living in South Korea.
Global Nationalism in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bieber Florian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe article outlines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nationalism around the world. Starting from the premise that nationalism is a global and ubiquitous idea in the contemporary world, it explores whether exclusionary tendencies have been reinforced by the pandemic. The pandemic and government responses will not necessarily trigger the increase in exclusionary nationalism that both far-right politicians and observers have noted. However, there are 4 aspects, examined in the article, that might be shaped by the pandemic. These include the recent trajectory of nationalism and its social relevance prior to the pandemic,the rise of authoritarianism as governments suspend or reduce democratic freedoms and civil liberties, the rise of biases against some groups associated with the pandemic, the rise of borders and deglobalization, and the politics of fear. Thus, while the rise of exclusionary nationalism might not be the inevitable consequence of the pandemic, it risks reinforcing preexisting nationalist dynamics.
Ctenophthalmus baeticus boisseauorum(Beaucournu, 1968) andCtenophthalmus apertus allani(Smit, 1955) (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae) as synonymous taxa: morphometric, phylogenetic, and molecular characterization
Authors: Zurita Antonio , García-Sánchez Ángela María , Cutillas Cristina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe family Ctenophthalmidae (Order Siphonaptera) has been considered as a ‘catchall’ for a wide range of divergent taxa showing a paraphyletic origin. In turn,Ctenophthalmussp. (Ctenophthalmidae) includes 300 valid described taxa. Within this genus, males are easily distinguishable basing on the size, shape, and chaetotaxy of their genitalia; however, females show slight morphological differences with each other. The main objective of this work was to carry out a comparative morphometric, phylogenetic, and molecular study of two different subspecies:Ctenophthalmus baeticus boisseauorumandCtenophthalmus apertus allaniin order to clarify and discuss its taxonomic status. From a morphological and biometrical point of view, we found clear differences between modified abdominal segments of males of both subspecies and slight differences in the margin of sternum VII of all female specimens which did not correspond with molecular and phylogenetic results based on four different molecular markers (Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 and 2 of ribosomal DNA, and the partialcytochrome c oxidasesubunit 1 andcytochrome bof mitochondrial DNA). Thus, we observed a phenotypic plasticity between both subspecies, which did not correspond with a real genotypic variability nor different environmental or ecological conditions. Basing on these results, we could consider that there are no solid arguments to consider these two ‘morphosubspecies’ as two different taxa. We propose thatC. b. boisseauorumshould be considered as a junior synonym ofC. a. allani.
Phased evolution and variation of the South Asian monsoon, and resulting weathering and surface erosion in the Himalaya–Karakoram Mountains, since late Pliocene time using data from Arabian Sea core
Authors: Lu Huayu , Liu Ruixuan , Cheng Linhai , Feng Han , Zhang Hanzhi , Wang Yao , Hu Rong , Zhao Wancang , Ji Junfeng , Xu Zhaokai , Yu Zhaojie , Kulhanek Denise K. , Pandey Dhananjai K. , Clift Peter D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigate the phased evolution and variation of the South Asian monsoon and resulting weathering intensity and physical erosion in the Himalaya–Karakoram Mountains since late Pliocene time (c.3.4 Ma) using a comprehensive approach. Neodymium and strontium isotopic compositions and single-grain zircon U–Pb age spectra reveal the sources of the deposits in the east Arabian Sea, and show a combination of sources from the Himalaya and the Karakoram–Kohistan–Ladakh Mountains, with sediments from the Indian Peninsula such as the Deccan Traps or Craton. We interpret shifts in the sediment sources to have been forced by sea-level changes that correlate with South Asian monsoon rainfall variation since late Pliocene time. We collected 908 samples from the International Ocean Discovery Program Hole U1456A, which was drilled in the east Arabian Sea. Time series of hematite content and grain size of the sediments were examined downcore. We found South Asian monsoon precipitation and weathering intensity experienced three phases from late Pliocene time. Lower monsoon precipitation, with a lower variability and strong weathering intensity, occurred during 3.4–2.4 Ma; an increased and more variable South Asian monsoon rainfall, along with strengthened but fluctuating weathering intensity, occurred at 1.8–1.1 Ma; and a reduced rainfall with lower South Asian monsoon precipitation variability and moderate weathering intensity marked the period 1.1–0.1 Ma. Maximum entropy spectral analysis and wavelet transform show that there were orbital-dominated cycles of periodsc.100 andc.41 ka in these proxy-based time series. We propose that the monsoon, sea level, global temperature and insolation together forced the weathering and erosion in SW Asia.
HERMITIANS IN MATRIX ALGEBRAS WITH OPERATOR NORM
Authors: CRABB MICHAEL J. , DUNCAN JOHN , McGREGOR COLIN M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigate the real space H of Hermitian matrices in
$M_n(\mathbb{C})$
with respect to norms on
$\mathbb{C}^n$
. For absolute norms, the general form of Hermitian matrices was essentially established by Schneider and Turner [Schneider and Turner, Linear and Multilinear Algebra (1973), 9–31]. Here, we offer a much shorter proof. For non-absolute norms, we begin an investigation of H by means of a series of examples, with particular reference to dimension and commutativity.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Plasmodium cathemerium (lineage PADOM02) from the sparrow Passer domesticus with complete sporogony in Culex pipiens complex
Authors: Aly Mohamed Z. Y. , Mohamed Ibrahem I. I. , Sebak Salwa I. , Vanstreels Ralph E. T. , El gendy Azza M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAvian malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium spp. protozoa. Although these parasites have been extensively studied in North America and Eurasia, knowledge on the diversity of Plasmodium, its vectors and avian hosts in Africa is scarce. In this study, we report on natural malarial infections in free-ranging sparrows (Passer domesticus) sampled at Giza Governorate, Egypt. Parasites were morphologically characterized as Plasmodium cathemerium based on the examination of thin blood smears from the avian host. Sequencing a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene showed that the parasite corresponded to lineage PADOM02. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this parasite is closely related to the lineages SERAU01 and PADOM09, both of which are attributed to P. cathemerium. Experimental infection of Culex pipiens complex was successful, with ookinetes first detected at 1-day post infection (dpi), oocysts at 4 dpi and sporozoites at 6 dpi. The massive infection of the salivary glands by sporozoites corroborates that Cx. pipiens complex is a competent vector of PADOM02. Our findings confirm that Plasmodium lineage PADOM02 infects sparrows in urban areas along the Nile River, Egypt, and corroborate that Cx. pipiens complex is a highly competent vector for these parasites. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that this lineage corresponds to the morphospecies P. cathemerium and not P. relictum as previously believed.