bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Bede to Wyclif: The Knowledge of Old English within the Context of Late Middle English Biblical Translation and Beyond
Authors: Solopova Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The continuity between Old and Middle English periods has been a matter of interest and debate in the field of medieval studies. Though it is widely accepted that Old English texts continued to be copied and used in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the possibility that they were collected, read and studied, and influenced scholars and religious thinkers in late medieval England is often rejected as implausible. The reason most commonly given is the difficulty of understanding the Old English language in the late Middle Ages. The present article aims to reassess this view and re-examine evidence for the reading and use of Old English texts in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries with a primary focus on biblical translation. The article explores the possibility that Middle English glosses that occur in Old English sermon and biblical manuscripts reflect a scholarly interest in these texts, rather than a struggle to understand their language. The article also examines evidence that the translators of the Wycliffite Bible may have had some familiarity with Old English biblical translations, possibly as a result of study of biblical and sermon manuscripts.
Net protein contribution of beef feedlots from 2006 to 2017
Authors: Baber Jessica R , Sawyer Jason E , Holland Ben P , Karr Kendall J , Word Alyssa B , Wickersham Tryon A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract:
Feedlot efficiency increases as technologies are adopted and new feed ingredients, especially byproducts, become available and incorporated into diets. Byproduct availability increased in response to the renewable fuels standard of 2005, creating substantial amounts of feedstuffs best used by ruminants. Cereal grains have been partially replaced with human-inedible byproducts, as they provide comparable levels of energy in cattle diets. To evaluate the effects of changes in diet and feedlot production practices on net protein contribution (NPC) and human-edible protein conversion efficiency (HePCE) across time, a deterministic NPC model was used. NPC was assessed for the feedlot industry using lot level production data from 2006 to 2017 for eight commercial feedlots. Ingredient and nutrient composition was collected for a representative starter and finisher diet fed for each year from each feedlot. NPC was calculated by multiplying human-edible protein (HeP) in beef produced per unit of HeP in feed by the protein quality ratio (PQR). Systems with NPC &gt;1 positively contribute to meeting human protein requirements; NPC &lt; 1 indicates competition with humans for HeP. NPC was regressed on year to evaluate temporal change in NPC. Feedlots were categorized as increasing NPC (INC; slope &gt; 0) or constant NPC (CON; slope = 0) according to regression parameter estimates. Four feedlots were categorized as INC and four were CON. The rate of change in PQR was similar for CON and INC (P ≥ 0.79), although rates of change among INC and CON differed for byproduct and cereal grain inclusion (P ≤ 0.01) across years evaluated. Feedlots categorized as INC reduced HeP consumed by 2.39% per year, but CON feedlots did not reduce HeP consumed each year (0.28%). Cattle received and shipped by INC were lighter than those in CON feedlots (P &lt; 0.01). Across years, INC produced more HeP (20.9 vs. 19.2 kg/hd) than CON (P &lt; 0.01), and both feedlot types tended to improve HeP gained over time (0.1 kg per year; P = 0.10). Differences in slope over time for INC and CON were observed for conversion efficiency of HeP (P &lt; 0.01). NPC increased 0.027 units per year for INC (P &lt; 0.01) and was 0.94 in 2017. NPC by the feedlot sector improved from 2006 to 2017, decreasing the amount of human-edible feeds required to produce more high-quality protein from beef.
Systemic biomarkers of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ho Jacqueline , Earls Peter , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of review
The current understanding of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has developed rapidly over the past decades. Classification of CRS based on the inflammatory endotype more accurately reflects the underlying pathophysiology and better directs treatment. Corticosteroids and more recently biologic agents, target the eosinophil inflammatory that drives this subtype of CRS. Tissue sampling is not always accessible or available and surrogate markers are sought to define this endotype of CRS. The purpose of this review is to assess current systemic predictors of eosinophilic CRS (eCRS) diagnosis.

Recent findings
Blood eosinophils are a moderate surrogate predictor of eCRS. A blood eosinophil count of more than 0.24 × 109/l predicts eCRS with tissue eosinophilia of more than 10 eosinophils per high-power field. It has been further shown that a blood eosinophil count more than 0.45 × 109/l is associated with need for long-term systemic therapy following endoscopic sinus surgery. Other biomarkers reviewed include IgE, eosinophilic cationic protein, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, eosinophil peroxidase, IL-5, periostin, eotaxin-3 and IL-16.

Summary
There remains limited data surrounding the prognostic use of biomarkers in eCRS. However, peripheral eosinophilia best predicts the eosinophilic density that best predicts the eCRS phenotype. In addition, it is also prognostic of need for more intensive therapy. Simple haematoxylin and eosin stained sinus mucosa still remains the most reliable tissue for assessment and is more accessible than bronchial biopsies
Fascial plane blocks in thoracic surgery: a new era or plain painful?
Authors: Marciniak Donn , Kelava Marta , Hargrave Jennifer 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of reviewThe demand for well-tolerated, effective, and opioid reducing pain management has become imperative in thoracic surgery. With the recent movement away from neuraxial analgesia for thoracic surgical patients, great interest in alternative analgesic techniques of the chest wall has developed. Multiple fascial plane blocks have been developed for pain management of the lateral chest wall and we present an up-to-date review of these popular new interventions.Recent findingsThe pectoralis and serratus anterior plane blocks may offer effective analgesia of the lateral chest wall for thoracic surgical patients. The erector spinae plane block may offer more extensive analgesic coverage but requires further investigation.SummaryFascial plane blocks hold the potential for well-tolerated and effective analgesia for thoracic surgical patients as part of a multimodal regimen of pain relief. However, many questions remain regarding block characteristics. As the literature matures, more formal recommendations will be made but quality trials are needed to provide this guidance.
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia: is it really asymptomatic?
Authors: Yip Kevin , Cohen Rebecca E. , Pillinger Michael H. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of review
Hyperuricemia is highly prevalent, affecting approximately 38 million individuals in the United States. However, the significance of asymptomatic hyperuricemia – hyperuricemia in the absence of gout – continues to be debated.

Recent findings
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia results in monosodium urate crystal deposition in tissues, which may promote chronic inflammation. Intracellularly, hyperuricemia inhibits the master regulator adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-associated protein kinase and may condition innate immune responses through durable epigenetic modifications. At the population level, asymptomatic hyperuricemia is associated with multiple comorbidities, including hypertension, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, and diabetes; limitations of these studies include that most are retrospective and some do not rigorously distinguish between asymptomatic hyperuricemia and gout. Treatment studies suggest that urate lowering may reduce the risk of incidence or progression of some of these comorbidities; unfortunately, many of these treatment studies are small or flawed, and not all study results are consistent.

Summary
Accumulating evidence suggests that asymptomatic hyperuricemia contributes to the comorbidities with which it associates and that proper asymptomatic hyperuricemia treatment may reduce future risk. Additional prospective trials are needed to definitely establish causality and support decision-making as to whether, and which patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia would warrant urate-lowering treatment.
Operative Treatment of Pediatric Pelvic and Acetabulum Fractures
Authors: de Ridder Victor A. , Olson Steven A. 
Published: November 2019

Summary:
Pediatric pelvic fractures are rare and differ from adults in etiology, fracture type, and associated injuries. They are observed in multitrauma patients, with severe associated injuries. Treatment of these children in specialized hospitals is likely to provide the best outcome because of the rarity of these fractures. Only a small percentage of the fractures, particularly the displaced ones, need operative treatment with the aim to restore the anatomy of the pelvic ring. In a significant proportion of the operated patients, morbidity and mortality were not linked to the pelvic fractures but to the other associated injuries. Long-term prognosis depends on restoring pelvic symmetry. Nondisplaced fractures of the acetabulum or fractures with minimal displacement with a relatively low roof–arc angle or crush injuries of the triradiate physis are managed nonoperatively. In young patients where continuation of growth is expected, fixation that does not cross the physis anatomically could be used. In some very young children, plate removal may be indicated to allow for continued growth of the acetabulum. One of the major complications in this patient cohort is acetabular dysplasia.
Prevalence and correlates of early-onset menopause among women living with HIV in Canada
Authors: Andany Nisha , Kaida Angela , de Pokomandy Alexandra , Yudin Mark H. , Wang Lu , Kennedy V. Logan , Webster Kath , Loutfy Mona 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective:
Menopause is a pivotal transition for women. Previous studies have suggested increased risk of early menopause (40-45 years) and premature menopause (<40 years) for women with HIV. We aimed to determine age of menopause, prevalence of early menopause and premature menopause, and risk factors for menopause <45 years in Canadian women with HIV.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional analysis from the Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study. Analyses were restricted to biologically female participants reporting being postmenopausal (regardless of etiology). Primary outcome was median age at menopause. Predetermined variables, and those with P < 0.10 in univariable analyses were considered for inclusion into multivariable logistic regression model, to determine independent correlates of menopause <45 years.

Results:
229 women were included. Median age of menopause was 48 years (interquartile range 43, 51); 29.7% of women experienced menopause <45 years: 16.6% with early menopause and 13.1% with premature menopause. In univariable analyses, menopause <45 years was more likely (P < 0.05) with birth in Canada, white ethnicity, less than high-school education, smoking, recreational drug use, and hepatitis C co-infection. In multivariable modeling, less than high-school education (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-4.93) and hepatitis C co-infection (aOR 1.90, 95% CI 1.04-3.50) were independently associated with menopause <45 years.

Conclusions:
In Canadian women with HIV, median age of menopause was 48 years; 3 years younger than the general population. Only lower education and hepatitis C co-infection were independently associated with menopause <45 years, highlighting importance of socioeconomic factors and comorbidities. These findings have implications for counseling and management of women with HIV.
National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties: A 40-year history of preparing nurse practitioners for practice
Authors: Pulcini Joyce , Hanson Charlene , Johnson Jean 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
This article provides a historic view of the development and accomplishments of the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF). The authors explore the history leading up to the formalization of NONPF, noting the major factors leading to the creation of NONPF. Since its inception in 1980, NONPF has led efforts to provide resources to nurse practitioner program faculty, create standards and guidelines for quality programs, and most recently work to develop measurable competencies. This article tracks the achievement of the organization by decade and provides an education, practice, and policy context that informed and inspired the activities of NONPF.
Tandem repeat analysis for typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying resistance genes in southern Iran
Authors: Shokoohizadeh Leili , Alizade Hesam , rajabi Roya Ahmad , Namordizadeh Vahideh , Karmostaji Afsaneh 
Published: November 2019

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to be one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections, with high antimicrobial resistance. Thus, the current study was conducted to evaluate usefulness of multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) plan for epidemiological studies and clustering of P. aeruginosa isolated in different wards of general hospital in Bandar Abbas, south of Iran, as well as assessment of presence of integrons and resistance genes in these strains.
A total of 72 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were isolated from the patients hospitalized in the hospital from December 2017 to June 2018 in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran. MLVA of seven VNTR markers was performed for differentiating and genetic relatedness of isolates. PCR amplification was conducted for detection of bla
HSV, bla

VEB
, int1 and int2 genes.
MLVA assay with seven loci resolved 36 different genotypes. Nearly all the isolates were classified into 6 different clonal complexes and 15 singletons.
High-level resistance rate was observed in ceftazidime (44; 61%). Nine (12.5%) of these isolates showed multiple drug resistance (MDR) phenotypes. Seven (9.7%), 5 (6.9%), 46 (63.8%) and 6 (8.3%) of isolates carried bla
HSV, bla

VEB
, int1 and int2 genes, respectively.
Seven VNTR markers used in this study provided a moderate discriminatory power and differentiated 36 genotypes among 72 isolates. In addition, presence of class 1 and class 2 integrons, bla
HSV and bla

VEB
in different clones indicated a high risk of spreading of MDR isolates among these clones. Results obtained from specification of different tandem repeats in the current study can be helpful to be used for MLVA in epidemiological surveillance of P. aeruginosa isolates in different regions.
Reactions to Solidarity Versus Normalcy Messages for Antistigma Campaigns
Authors: Corrigan Patrick W. , Al-Khouja Maya A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study considers two of many messages that are used in antistigma campaigns: normalcy, that mental illness is like most kinds of illness—“You are just like me,” and solidarity, that one's mental illness is accepted—“I stand with you.” This study examined how research participants rated message merit: understandable, effective, and compelling. We particularly examined how views on message merit varied by whether participants reported previous mental health experience. Three hundred seventy-three participants rated the merit of the two messages provided in random order. They also reported previous experience with mental health services. Overall, participants viewed solidarity messages with greater merit than normalcy. Participants with self-reported mental illness viewed the solidarity message even better than participants without mental illness; this pattern varied by specific mental health experience. Findings suggest a greater understanding of stigma reduction methods from those who are more likely to have experienced stigma.
Nosocomial Infections During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Neonatal, Pediatric, and Adult Patients: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
Authors: MacLaren Graeme , Schlapbach Luregn J. , Aiken Alexander M. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is increasingly used in critically ill patients with refractory cardiopulmonary failure. Nosocomial infection acquired during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation represents one of the most frequent complications but the available evidence on the risk of infection and its association with outcomes has not been comprehensively analyzed. We performed a narrative review examining the epidemiology of nosocomial infection during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, association with clinical outcomes, and preventive strategies.

Data Sources:
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library between 1972 and June 2018.

Study Selection:
We included any article which detailed nosocomial infection during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Articles were excluded if they were not written in English, detailed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use for infections acquired prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or used other forms of extracorporeal support such as ventricular assist devices.

Data Extraction:
Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and extracted data. We screened 984 abstracts and included 59 articles in the final review.

Data Synthesis:
The reported risk of nosocomial infection among patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ranged from 3.5% to 64% per extracorporeal membrane oxygenation run, while the incidence of infection ranged from 10.1 to 116.2/1,000 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation days. Nosocomial infections during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were consistently associated with longer duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and, in several large multicenter studies, with increased mortality. Risk factors for nosocomial infection included duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, mechanical and hemorrhagic complications on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and use of venoarterial and central extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Biomarkers had low specificity for infection in this population. Few studies examined strategies on how to prevent nosocomial infection on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Conclusions:
Nosocomial infections in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients are common and associated with worse outcomes. There is substantial variation in the rates of reported infection, and thus, it is possible that some may be preventable. The evidence for current diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for infection during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is limited and requires further investigation.
Achieving Sustainability in Reducing Unplanned Extubations in a Pediatric Cardiac ICU*
Authors: Censoplano Nina M. , Barrett Cindy S. , Ing Richard J. , Reichert Kelly , Rannie Michael , Kaufman Jon 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:
To determine the incidence of unplanned extubations in a pediatric cardiac ICU in order to prove sustainability of our previously implemented quality improvement initiative. Additionally, we sought to identify risk factors associated with unplanned extubations as well as review the overall outcome of this patient population.

Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Pediatric cardiac ICU at Children’s Hospital of Colorado on the Anschutz Medical Center of the University of Colorado.

Patients:
Intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in the cardiac ICU from July 2011 to December 2017.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
A total of 2,612 hospitalizations for 2,067 patients were supported with mechanical ventilation. Forty-five patients had 49 episodes of unplanned extubations (four patients > 1 unplanned extubation). The average unplanned extubation rate per 100 ventilator days was 0.4. Patients who had an unplanned extubation were younger (0.09 vs 5.45 mo; p < 0.001), weighed less (unplanned extubation median weight of 3.0 kg [interquartile range, 2.5–4.5 kg] vs control median weight of 6.0 kg [interquartile range, 3.5–13.9 kg]) (p < 0.001), and had a longer length of mechanical ventilation (8 vs 2 d; p < 0.001). Patients who had an unplanned extubation were more likely to require cardiopulmonary resuscitation during their hospital stay (54% vs 18%; p < 0.001) and had a higher likelihood of in-hospital mortality (15% vs 7%; p = 0.001). There was a significant difference in surgical acuity as denoted by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery score and patients with an unplanned extubation had a higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery category (p = 0.019). Contributing factors associated with unplanned extubation were poor endotracheal tube tape integrity, inadequate tube securement, and/or inadequate sedation. A low rate of unplanned extubation was maintained even in the setting of increasing patient complexity and an increase in patient volume.

Conclusions:
A low rate of unplanned extubation is sustainable even in the setting of increased patient volume and acuity. Additionally, early identification of patients at higher risk of unplanned extubation may also contribute to decreasing the incidence of unplanned extubation.
Personality as a Predictor of Treatment Response to Escitalopram in Adults With Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Authors: FANG ANGELA , PORTH RACHEL , PHILLIPS KATHARINE A. , WILHELM SABINE 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are the first-line pharmacotherapy for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a common and severe disorder. However, predictors and correlates of treatment response are not well understood. A closer examination of baseline personality dimensions and disorders and of changes in personality during SRI treatment is needed to advance knowledge of this clinically important issue.

Method:
We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a pharmacotherapy relapse prevention trial of the SRI escitalopram in adults with BDD to examine personality dimensions and traits, as well as whether these variables predict and correlate with treatment response. A total of 65 participants with BDD completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) before starting open-label treatment with escitalopram and 42 participants completed the NEO PI-R after treatment.

Results:
At baseline, participants with BDD displayed higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of extraversion than a normed reference group. Higher baseline neuroticism was a significant predictor of nonresponse to escitalopram treatment, even when baseline depression severity was controlled for. Changes in neuroticism were not associated with treatment response.

Conclusion:
Our findings underscore the relationship between BDD and neuroticism, and they suggest a link between neuroticism and SRI treatment response.
Chicken or the Egg: A Case Report of Endoscopic-Assisted Treatment of Concomitant Sagittal Craniosynostosis With Calcified Cephalohematoma
Authors: Başağaoğlu Berkay , St Cyr Grace , Dempsey Robert F. , Dauser Robert C. , Lam Sandi , Maricevich Renata S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nonsyndromic craniosynostosis results in premature fusion of cranial sutures and is rarely found in the context of other craniofacial abnormalities. Here the authors present the case of a 3-month-old male infant with a rare presentation of sagittal craniosynostosis and concomitant calcified cephalohematoma repaired by endoscopic-assisted sagittal strip craniectomy with good cosmetic and functional outcomes. The authors discuss the advantages of endoscopic repair of craniosynostosis when found in the presence of a cephalohematoma and the need for further research to investigate a possible causal relationship between these 2 pathologies.