bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A bio-inspired microwave wireless system for constituting passive and maintenance-free IoT networks
Authors: Yu Buyun , Wang Hong-Qin , Ju Lu , Hou Ke-Xin , Xiao Zhi-Da , Zhan Jun-Lin , Zhang Chao , Chen Hao , Wang Binghao , Liu Zhen-Guo , Guan Ying-Shi , Li Cheng-Hui , Cui Tie Jun , Lu Wei-Bing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
With the rapid expansion of wireless networks, the deployment and long-term maintenance of distributed microwave terminals have become increasingly challenging. To address these issues, we present a bio-inspired microwave system to constitute passive and maintenance-free wireless networks. Drawing inspiration from vertebrate skeletons and skins, we employ stimuli-responsive polymer with tunable stiffness to support and protect sensitive electromagnetic structures, and synthesize self-healable skin-like polymer for system encapsulation. Owing to the biomimetic strategy, our system combines outstanding flexibility, electromagnetic stability, structural robustness, and self-healable performance. On the other hand, to address power supply issues, our system modulates ambient electromagnetic waves to achieve long-range wireless communication, and the hybrid energy harvesting strategy allows the system to capture energy from ambient light and microwaves, thereby eliminating the need for batteries or power cables. Multidisciplinary innovation enables our system to be deployed almost anywhere and supports stable, battery-less, and maintenance-free wireless communication.
Plague Correspondence, Rumour, and Mistrust in the Late Medieval Crown of Aragon
Authors: Agresta Abigail 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Starting in the fifteenth century, European city governments began to respond to the threat of plague by introducing quarantine measures, which presumed that risk arrived in the bodies and goods of travellers. The adoption of quarantine was long considered a milestone on the road to modern, rational public health and was linked to increased centralization and the rise of state power in the early modern period. Recent quarantine scholarship, however, is revealing a more contingent story. This paper uses surviving plague correspondence between the governments of Barcelona, Valencia, and Ciutat de Mallorca (now Palma) to uncover the chaotic practice of early quarantine in the late medieval Crown of Aragon. All three cities adopted quarantine in the later fifteenth century, but all of them also obscured their own health statuses and distrusted one another’s information about plague. Municipalities in the Crown of Aragon embraced quarantine during this period even as their correspondence thwarted cooperative plague control. The exigencies of quarantine demanded plague information in the form of fama (rumour or reputation), often linked to the behaviour of elites.
Public attitudes on performance for algorithmic and human decision-makers
Authors: Bansak Kirk , Paulson Elisabeth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study explores public preferences for algorithmic and human decision-makers (DMs) in high-stakes contexts, how these preferences are shaped by performance metrics, and whether public evaluations of performance differ depending on the type of DM. Leveraging a conjoint experimental design, approximately 9,000 respondents chose between pairs of DM profiles in two high-stakes scenarios: pretrial release decisions and bank loan approvals. The profiles varied by type (human vs. algorithm) and three metrics—defendant crime rate/loan default rate, false positive rate (FPR) among white defendants/applicants, and FPR among minority defendants/applicants—as well as an implicit fairness metric defined by the absolute difference between the two FPRs. The results show that efficiency was the most important performance metric in the respondents’ evaluation of DMs, while fairness was the least prioritized. This finding is robust across both scenarios, key subgroups of respondents (e.g. by race and political party), and across the DM type under evaluation. Additionally, even when controlling for performance, we find an average preference for human DMs over algorithmic ones, though this preference varied significantly across respondents. Overall, these findings show that while respondents differ in their preferences over DM type, they are generally consistent in the performance metrics they desire.
Antibody-mediated clearance of an ER-resident aggregate that causes glaucoma
Authors: Ma Minh Thu , Qerqez Ahlam N , Hill Kamisha R , Azouz Laura R , Youngblood Hannah A , Hill Shannon E , Ku Yemo , Peters Donna M , Maynard Jennifer A , Lieberman Raquel L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recombinant antibodies are a promising class of therapeutics to treat protein misfolding associated with neurodegenerative diseases, and several antibodies that inhibit aggregation are approved or in clinical trials to treat Alzheimer's disease. Here, we developed antibodies targeting the aggregation-prone β-propeller olfactomedin (OLF) domain of myocilin, variants of which comprise the strongest genetic link to glaucoma and cause early onset vision loss for several million individuals worldwide. Mutant myocilin aggregates intracellularly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Subsequent ER stress causes cytotoxicity that hastens dysregulation of intraocular pressure, the primary risk factor for most forms of glaucoma. Our antibody discovery campaign yielded two recombinant antibodies: anti-OLF1 recognizes a linear epitope, while anti-OLF2 is selective for natively folded OLF and inhibits aggregation in vitro. By binding OLF, these antibodies engage autophagy/lysosomal degradation to promote degradation of two pathogenic mutant myocilins. This work demonstrates the potential for therapeutic antibodies to disrupt ER-localized protein aggregates by altering the fate of folding intermediates. This approach could be translated as a precision medicine to treat myocilin-associated glaucoma with in situ antibody expression. More generally, the study supports the approach of enhancing lysosomal degradation to treat proteostasis decline in glaucoma and other diseases.
Does household income predict health and educational outcomes in childhood better than neighbourhood deprivation?
Authors: Skarda Ieva , Cookson Richard , Gilbert Ruth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Public health research and prevention policies often use the small area Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) at neighbourhood level to proxy individual socio-economic status because it is readily available. We investigated what household income adds to IMD in early childhood for predicting adverse health in adolescence.

Methods
Using data from the Millennium Cohort Study, we analysed IMD and self-reported equivalised household income (ages 0–5) to predict outcomes at age 17: poor academic achievement, psychological distress, poor health, smoking, and obesity. Predictions were compared using IMD quintile groups alone, household income quintile groups alone, and both together.

Results
Household income was a stronger and more consistent predictor of age 17 outcomes than IMD and revealed inequalities within neighbourhoods. Decreasing household income showed steep gradients in educational attainment and smoking across all IMD quintiles, and moderate gradients in obesity, psychological distress and poor health in most quintiles. IMD did not predict smoking or psychological distress within any income group, or educational attainment within the poorest income group.

Conclusions
Household income is associated with inequality gradients within all quintiles of neighbourhood IMD. Early childhood public health strategies should consider household income in combination with neighbourhood deprivation.
Performance characteristics of the point-of-care tests for HPV-based cervical cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gupta Ruchika , Singh Sompal , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
We aimed to conduct an updated and comprehensive summary of the sensitivity and specificity of three human papillomavirus (HPV) point-of-care (POC) tests (careHPV™, oncoE6™ cervical test, Xpert® HPV) to guide resource-constrained countries for their implementation in cervical cancer screening.

Methods
Databases including Medline, Embase, Web of Science and cumulated index in nursing and allied health literature (CINAHL) were searched between January 2004 and October 2024. Observational studies analyzing the three tests for cervical cancer screening were included. Pooled estimates for the performance characteristics were calculated using random-effect models.

Findings
Of the 3976 records, 33 studies were included. The sensitivity and specificity of careHPV™ for detection of CIN2+ lesions in self-collected samples were 75.6% and 85.6% compared to 86.4% and 80.4% for physician-collected samples. The sensitivity and specificity of OncoE6™ cervical test were 54.5% and 98.4%, respectively, for physician-collected samples. Xpert® HPV had a sensitivity and specificity of 91.5% and 56.5% in self-collected vaginal samples (SCSs), 92.3% and 53.3%, respectively, in physician-collected cervical samples.

Interpretation
Both careHPV™ and Xpert® HPV have a good sensitivity and specificity as a POC cervical cancer screening method. These methods also hold potential for use on SCSs.

Funding
None.
Dynamic problem of a power-law graded half-plane and an associated carleman problem for two functions
Authors: Antipov Y A 
Published: December 2024

Summary
A steady state plane problem of an inhomogeneous half-plane subjected to a load running along the boundary at subsonic speed is analyzed. The Lame coefficients and the density of the half-plane are assumed to be power functions of depth. The model is different from the standard static model have been used in contact mechanics since the Sixties and originated from the 1964 Rostovtsev exact solution of the Flamant problem of a power-law graded half-plane. To solve the governing dynamic equations with variable coefficients written in terms of the displacements, we propose a method that, by means of the Fourier and Mellin transforms, maps the model problem into a Carleman boundary value problem for two meromorphic functions in a strip with two shifts or, equivalently, to a system of two difference equations of the second order with variable coefficients. By partial factorization the Carleman problem is recast as a system of four singular integral equations on a segment with a fixed singularity and highly oscillating coefficients. A numerical method for its solution is proposed and tested. Numerical results for the displacement and stress fields are presented and discussed.
Compact SNMR sensors: a sensitivity study
Authors: Splith T , Müller-Petke M 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Extending surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR) with pre-polarization (PP) enables mobile compact SNMR layouts, that are promising for soil moisture investigations. The pre-polarization introduces additional parameters into the SNMR experiment, and therefore predicting the resolution performance of a specific PP SNMR layout becomes more complicated. In this paper, we use the numerical integral over the diagonal elements of the resolution matrix in the target depth range to evaluate the resolution performance of a large number of possible PP SNMR layouts. We also apply this approach to the recently proposed concentric figure of eight layout, which, due to intrinsic cancellation of external noise, enables measurements in high noise environments. We identify conditions under which good resolution performance is achieved. To verify our approach, we also perform inversions of synthetic data for selected layouts.
A good sketch is better than a long speech: evaluate delinquency risk through real-time video analysis
Authors: Chang Xiangyu , Dai Lili , Feng Lingbing , Han Jianlei , Shi Jing , Zhang Bohui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article proposes an innovative method to assess borrowers’ creditworthiness in consumer credit markets by conducting machine-learning-based analyses on real-time video information that records borrowers’ behavior during the loan application process. We find that the extent of borrowers’ micro-facial expressions of happiness is negatively associated with loan delinquency likelihood, while the degree of fear expressions is positively associated with delinquency risk. These results are consistent with two economic channels relating to the adequacy and uncertainty of borrowers’ future income, drawn from the extant psychology and economics literature. Our study provides important practical implications for fintech lenders and policymakers.
Unveiling the neural dynamics of the theory of mind: a fMRI study on belief processing phases
Authors: Golec-Staśkiewicz Karolina , Wojciechowski Jakub , Haman Maciej , Wolak Tomasz , Wysocka Joanna , Pluta Agnieszka 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Theory of mind (ToM), the ability to interpret others’ behaviors in terms of mental states, has been extensively studied through the False-Belief Task (FBT). However, limited research exists regarding the distinction between different phases of FBT, suggesting that they are subserved by separate neural mechanisms. Further inquiry into this matter seems crucial for deepening our knowledge of the neurocognitive basis of mental-state processing. Therefore, we employed functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to examine neural responses and functional connectivity within the core network for ToM across phases of the FBT, which was administered to 61 healthy adults during scanning. The region-of-interest analysis revealed heightened responses of the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) during and increased activation of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during the outcome phase. Negative connectivity between these regions was observed during belief-formation. Unlike the TPJ, mPFC responded similarly to conditions that require belief reasoning and to control conditions that do not entail tracking mental states. Our results indicate a functional dissociation within the core network for ToM. While the TPJ is possibly engaged in coding beliefs, the mPFC shows no such specificity. These findings advance our understanding of the unique roles of the TPJ and mPFC in mental-state processing.
The Negative Symptom Inventory-Psychosis Risk (NSI-PR): Psychometric Validation of the Final 11-Item Version
Authors: Strauss Gregory P , Walker Elaine F , Carter Nathan T , Luther Lauren , Mittal Vijay A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypotheses
The lack of psychometrically validated assessment tools designed specifically to assess negative symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis represents a significant barrier to the early identification and prevention of psychosis. To address this need, the Negative Symptom Inventory-Psychosis Risk (NSI-PR) was developed based on the iterative, data-driven approach recommended by the National Institute of Mental Health consensus conference on negative symptoms.

Study Design
This manuscript reports the results of the second study phase that psychometrically validates the final 11-item version of the scale in data collected across 3 sites. A total of 222 participants (144 CHR and 78 clinical help-seeking controls) completed the NSI-PR, 1 week of ecological momentary assessment (EMA), and additional convergent and discriminant validity measures.

Study Results
Structural analyses replicated the previously reported strong fit for the 5-factor (anhedonia, avolition, asociality, alogia, and blunted affect) and hierarchical structures (2 super-ordinate dimensions and 5 lower-level domains). The 5 domains and 2 dimensions generally demonstrated good internal consistency, temporal stability, and interrater reliability. Convergent validity was demonstrated in relation to the 16-item beta version of the NSI-PR, Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes negative subscale, Global Functioning Scale social and role, and EMA measures. Discriminant validity was supported by low correlations with positive, disorganized, and general psychiatric symptoms.

Conclusions
Findings indicate the final 11-item version of the NSI-PR has sound psychometric properties. The scale, which is designed specifically for CHR individuals, is brief and appropriate for use in research and clinical contexts. Accompanying training materials have been developed to support its use in multisite trials.
Polygenic and Polyenvironment Interplay in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder and Affective Psychosis; the EUGEI First Episode Study
Authors: Rodriguez Victoria , Alameda Luis , Aas Monica , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Trotta Giulia , Spinazzola Edoardo , Quattrone Diego , Tripoli Giada , Jongsma Hannah E , Stilo Simona , La Cascia Caterina , Ferraro Laura , La Barbera Daniele , Lasalvia Antonio , Tosato Sarah , Tarricone Ilaria , Bonora Elena , Jamain Stéphane , Selten Jean-Paul , Velthorst Eva , de Haan Lieuwe , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Arrojo Manuel , Bobes Julio , Bernardo Miguel , Arango Celso , Kirkbride James , Jones Peter B , Rutten Bart P , Richards Alexander , Sham Pak C , O’Donovan Michael , Van Os Jim , Morgan Craig , Di Forti Marta , Murray Robin M , Vassos Evangelos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Multiple genetic and environmental risk factors play a role in the development of both schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and affective psychoses. How they act in combination is yet to be clarified.

Methods
We analyzed 573 first episode psychosis cases and 1005 controls, of European ancestry. Firstly, we tested whether the association of polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression (PRS-SZ, PRS-BD, and PRS-D) with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and affective psychosis differed when participants were stratified by exposure to specific environmental factors. Secondly, regression models including each PRS and polyenvironmental measures, including migration, paternal age, childhood adversity and frequent cannabis use, were run to test potential polygenic by polyenvironment interactions.

Results
In schizophrenia-spectrum disorder vs controls comparison, PRS-SZ was the strongest genetic predictor, having a nominally larger effect in nonexposed to strong environmental factors such as frequent cannabis use (unexposed vs exposed OR 2.43 and 1.35, respectively) and childhood adversity (3.04 vs 1.74). In affective psychosis vs controls, the relative contribution of PRS-D appeared to be stronger in those exposed to environmental risk. No evidence of interaction was found between any PRS with polyenvironmental score.

Conclusions
Our study supports an independent role of genetic liability and polyenvironmental risk for psychosis, consistent with the liability threshold model. Whereas schizophrenia-spectrum disorders seem to be mostly associated with polygenic risk for schizophrenia, having an additive effect with well-replicated environmental factors, affective psychosis seems to be a product of cumulative environmental insults alongside a higher genetic liability for affective disorders.
The Causal Relationships Between Inflammatory Proteins, Brain Structure, and Psychiatric Disorders: A Two-Step Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Tan Liwen , Liu Weiqing , Zhang Sijie , Liao Aijun , Yuan Liu , He Ying , Chen Xiaogang , Li Zongchang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Inflammatory proteins are implicated in psychiatric disorders, but the causality and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Study Design
We conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) using genetic variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 91 inflammatory proteins (N = 14 824) and 11 psychiatric disorders (N = 9725 to 1 035 760). The primary analysis used the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, with additional sensitivity analyses to confirm robustness. A two-step MR approach assessed whether brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) mediated the observed effects.

Study Results
Forward MR analysis found the protective effect of CD40 on schizophrenia (SCZ) (IVW OR = 0.90, P = 5.29 × 10−6) and bipolar disorder (BD) (IVW OR = 0.89, P = 5.08 × 10−6). Reverse MR demonstrated that increased genetic risk of Tourette’s syndrome (TS) was associated with reduced Fms-associated tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) levels (Flt3L) (Wald Ratio beta = −0.42, P = 1.99 × 10−7). The protective effect of CD40 on SCZ was partially mediated by the modulation of fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the right and left superior frontal occipital fasciculus, with mediation proportions of 9.6% (P = .025) and 11.5% (P = .023), respectively.

Conclusion
CD40 exerts an immunoprotective effect on SCZ and BD, and the effect of CD40 on SCZ was partially mediated through modulation of FA values in the superior frontal occipital fasciculus. These findings enhance comprehension of the etiology of these psychiatric conditions and underscore the promise of therapeutic strategies aimed at inflammatory proteins.
Childhood Trauma Across the Schizophrenia Spectrum: A Comparison of Schizotypal Personality Disorder and Schizophrenia
Authors: Chan Chi C , Dolgopolskaia Elen-Sarrah , Goldstein Kim E , Kowalchyk Mary , Aladin Sana , Challman Katelyn N , Ng Sabrina , Reynolds Kaitlyn , Russo Danielle , Kapil-Pair Kalpana N , Hollander Sean , Rice Timothy , Perez-Rodriguez M Mercedes , Haznedar M Mehmet , McClure Margaret M , Szeszko Philip R , Hazlett Erin A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The etiology of schizophrenia involves both biological and environmental risk factors. Studying childhood trauma in disorders along the schizophrenia spectrum, including schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), can inform early risk and protective factors for psychosis. However, no study has directly compared childhood trauma between SPD and schizophrenia.

Study Design
One hundred twenty-four participants (schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder [SZ] n = 45, SPD n = 32, and healthy controls [HCs] n = 47) matched on age and gender were assessed for different types of childhood abuse and neglect as well as clinical symptoms. Kruskal-Wallis H-tests examined group differences in childhood trauma severity and logistic regression modeled childhood trauma types that were associated with an SZ vs SPD diagnosis.

Study Results
SZ and SPD had greater severity than HC on total trauma score and all types of childhood trauma assessed (all P-values &lt; .05). SZ and SPD only differed on childhood sexual abuse, which was greater in SZ (P = .039). Childhood sexual abuse (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.27, P = .02) and emotional abuse (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71-0.95, P = .01) were independent predictors of an SZ vs SPD diagnosis. Sensitivity analysis indicated that a cutoff at mild sexual abuse was significant in predicting SZ vs SPD when compared with none/minimal sexual abuse. In SZ, greater sexual abuse was associated with positive schizotypal traits and in SPD, greater emotional abuse was associated with depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that childhood sexual and emotional abuse may be important factors that influence illness trajectory across the severity of disorders on schizophrenia spectrum. These findings have implications for understanding disease mechanisms and early prevention.