bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and factors associated with long-acting reversible contraception in Kenya
Authors: Kungu Wambui , Khasakhala Anne , Agwanda Alfred 
Published: May 2020

Background: Kenya has 12 million female adolescents and youths aged 10-34 years whose reproductive behavior will determine the growth and size of its population for the next decade. The anticipated momentum of births can be slowed by the use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods as they are more effective, need no user adherence, and hence have no risk of incorrect or inconsistent use. However, in spite of the many health and social benefits, LARC is underutilized because of myths and misconceptions. Kenya is in the ultimate decade towards Vision 2030 and investing in LARC can save costs of health care and accelerate the achievement of the development goal. The objective of this study was to establish factors associated with LARC use, with a view of establishing the potential for increasing demand. Methods: The study was national and used secondary data from the three waves of the Kenya Demographic Health Survey from 2003, 2008/09 and 2014 in a sample of all women of reproductive age who reported currently using modern contraceptive methods at the time of interview. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was employed to profile and examine LARC users. Results: LARC use was low but picking up rapidly, especially among contraceptive users of higher social economic status in a major shift between 2008/09 and 2014. Consistent factors that influenced its use were age, wealth, and number of living children, while education and residence were of influence some of the time. Conclusions: There is huge unexploited potential for more LARC uptake based on the identified predictors of its use. Scaling up of LARC uptake is critical to deal with issues of poor user adherence, incorrect and inconsistent use, and method failure that characterize short-acting contraception, resulting in increased unintended pregnancies, incidences of unsafe abortions and maternal and infant mortality.
The Effect of Monetary Policy on Bank Wholesale Funding
Authors: Choi Dong Beom , Choi Hyun-Soo 
Published: May 2020

We study how monetary policy affects the funding composition of the banking sector. When monetary tightening reduces the supply of retail deposits, banks attempt to substitute wholesale funding for deposit outflows to smooth their lending. Because of financial frictions, banks have varying degrees of access to wholesale funding. Therefore, large banks, or those with greater reliance on wholesale funding, increase their wholesale funding more. Consequently, monetary tightening increases both the reliance on and the concentration of wholesale funding within the banking sector. Our findings also suggest that liquidity requirements could bolster monetary policy transmission through the bank lending channel. This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.
Unfiltered Market Access and Liquidity: Evidence from the SEC Rule 15c3-5
Authors: Chakrabarty Bidisha , Jain Pankaj K. , Shkilko Andriy , Sokolov Konstantin 
Published: May 2020

In November 2011, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission implemented the final provision of Rule 15c3-5 curbing unfiltered market access. The provision mandated that brokers verify their clients’ order flow for compliance with credit and capital thresholds before routing to market centers. We find that the new checks introduce latency to order flow and force some latency-sensitive strategies out of the market. As a result, liquidity providers are better able to revise their quotes in response to new information, adverse selection declines, and liquidity improves. Consistent with the notion that the market for liquidity provision is competitive, our results show that the benefit of lower adverse selection is transferred entirely to liquidity demanders in the form of lower trading costs. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
Real and Nominal Equilibrium Yield Curves
Authors: Hsu Alex , Li Erica X. N. , Palomino Francisco 
Published: May 2020

This paper quantitatively explores the role of external habits, nominal rigidities, and monetary policy for real and nominal bond yields in an asset-pricing endogenous growth model. The calibration captures the reported average positive slopes of U.S. real and nominal yield curves with sizable positive real and nominal bond risk premia. Habits are critical to generate positive real premia by altering the comovement of real rates and productivity shocks. Nominal rigidities generate monetary policy effects on real bonds. Stronger policy rule inflation responses or weaker output responses increase real term premia and reduce inflation risk premia. Relative to standard models, the paper provides an alternative interpretation of real and nominal bond risks. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance.
Does the location of short-arm cast univalve effect pressure of the three-point mould?
Authors: Montgomery Blake K. , Perrone Kenneth H. , Yang Su , Segovia Nicole A. , Rinsky Lawrence , Pugh Carla M. , Frick Steven L. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose Forearm and distal radius fractures are among the most common fractures in children. Many fractures are definitively treated with closed reduction and casting, however, the risk for re-displacement is high (7% to 39%). Proper cast application and the three-point moulding technique are modifiable factors that improve the ability of a cast to maintain the fracture reduction. Many providers univalve the cast to accommodate swelling. This study describes how the location of the univalve cut impacts the pressure at three-point mould sites for a typical dorsally displaced distal radius fracture. Methods We placed nine force-sensing resistors on an arm model to collect pressure data at the three-point mould sites. Sensory inputs were sampled at 15 Hz. Cast padding and a three-point moulded short arm fibreglass cast was applied. The cast was then univalved on the dorsal, volar, radial or ulnar aspect. Pressure recordings were obtained throughout the procedure. Results A total of 24 casts were analyzed. Casts univalved in the sagittal plane (dorsal or volar surface) retained up to 16% more pressure across the three moulding sites compared with casts univalved in the coronal plane (radial or ulnar border). Conclusion Maintaining pressure at the three-point mould prevents loss of reduction at the fracture site. This study shows that univalving the cast dorsally or volarly results in less pressure loss at moulding sites. This should improve the chances of maintaining fracture reductions when compared with radial or ulnar cuts in the cast. Sagittal plane univalving of forearm casts is recommended.
Stratigraphy and sedimentology of distal-alluvial and lacustrine deposits of the western-central Ebro Basin (NE Iberia) reflecting the onset of the middle Miocene Climatic Optimum
Authors: Larena Z. , Arenas C. , Baceta J.I. , Murelaga X. , Suarez-Hernando O. 
Published: May 2020

Stratigraphic and sedimentological study of distal alluvial and lacustrine deposits in the Plana de la Negra-Sancho Abarca area (western-central Ebro Basin, NE Iberia) within the early and middle Miocene allows five main lithofacies to be characterized and mapped within two tectosedimentary units, construction of a sedimentary facies model and discussion on allogenic controls on sedimentation. In this area, the boundary between tectosedimentary units T5 and T6 appears to be conformable and is marked by the change from dominant clastics to carbonates. Correlation of the studied outcrops with nearby sections that already had magnetostratigraphic and biostratigraphic data allows the studied succession to be dated from C5Dr to C5Cn (Burdigalian-Langhian), placing the boundary T5/T6 at ca. 16.1-16.05Ma. Seven vertical facies sequences document deposition of distal alluvial clastics and palustrine and lacustrine carbonates. Sandstones and mudstones represent low-sinuosity channels and lateral and terminal splays by unconfined flows runnig across the alluvial plain, associated to the Pyrenean-derived Luna fluvial system. The carbonates contain charophytes, ostracods, bivalves and gastropods, indicating deposition in 2-4m deep lakes. Laminated carbonate facies record reworking of shore carbonates and the influx fine-siliciclastic sediment offshore. Abundant bioturbation and desiccation features indicate episodic submergence and subaerial exposure. Four main episodes of alluvial and associated palustrine/lacustrine facies belt shifts are identified. Alluvial deposition in the studied T5 unit is related to low lake level conditions, rather than to a Pyrenean uplift. The maximum extent of the freshwater carbonates occur at the base of unit T6. This is consistent with conditions of increasing humidity of the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum.
Towards cavity-free ground-state cooling of an acoustic-frequency silicon nitride membrane
Authors: Pluchar Christian M. , Agrawal Aman R. , Schenk Edward , Wilson Dalziel J. 
Published: May 2020

We demonstrate feedback cooling of a millimeter-scale, 40 kHz SiN membrane from room temperature to 5 mK (3000 phonons) using a Michelson interferometer, and discuss the challenges to ground-state cooling without an optical cavity. This advance appears within reach of current membrane technology, positioning it as a compelling alternative to levitated systems for quantum sensing and fundamental weak force measurements.
Fabrication and characterization of machined multi-core fiber tweezers for single cell manipulation: erratum
Authors: Anastasiadi Georgia , Leonard Mark , Paterson Lynn , Macpherson William N. 
Published: May 2020

We have found an error in our work reported in [Opt. Express 26(3), 3557 (2018)], which we correct in this erratum. We used incorrect data for the experimentally measured values of power of the fibre trap and power of the conventional optical tweezers (OT) used to ‘break’ the fibre trap. Using the correct data, Ffibre and Q (force and quality) of the multicore fibre tweezer are re-calculated. In this erratum, we communicate the correct values of Ffibre and Q and publish a revised Fig. 7 that contains results based on the correct data. Based on the revised result, two statements, in the abstract and conclusions, are also revised. The fabrication method, technique and general conclusion remain unaffected.
Strategic framework for resident’s participation in housing provision in Akure, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Fakere Alexander Adeyemi , Folorunso Clement Oluwole , Arayela Olatunde , Omole Felix Kayode 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This paper furthered the work done by Choguill (1996) in developing a framework for community participation in housing provision for Akure, Southwest Nigeria. The study tests the ladder for suitability in the City, and accounted for residential satisfaction as an important result of resident’s participation, which was not considered in Choguill’s ladder.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reports a cross-sectional doctoral research on residents’ participation in housing in Akure. The data for this study were obtained through questionnaire and focus group discussions. Data was analysed using Spearman’s Rank Correlation and Content Analysis.

Findings
The findings show a significant positive relationship between the levels of participation and satisfaction. Though similar to the levels of participation, Choguill’s Ladder does not totally explain the phenomenon of participation in the study area. Thus, it was modified to be more appropriate and suitable for the study area, also accounting for residential satisfaction.

Practical implications
The findings imply that adoption of the new ladder by policy makers and professionals in the building sector would enhance residential satisfaction in the study area and in similar areas. It concludes that the knowledge gained from this modified framework will enable policy makers and developers plan appropriately for resident’s participation in housing to achieve better residential environments for users.

Originality/value
The study developed a ladder of residents’ participation in housing provision from Choguill’s Framework that is more suited to Akure City and similar cities in Nigeria.
Learning Representations from Spatio-Temporal Distance Maps for 3D Action Recognition with Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Naveenkumar M. , Domnic S. 
Published: May 2020

This paper addresses the action recognition problem using skeleton data. In this work, a novel method is proposed, which employs five Distance Maps (DM), named as Spatio-Temporal Distance Maps (ST-DMs), to capture the spatio-temporal information from skeleton data for 3D action recognition. Among five DMs, four DMs capture the pose dynamics within a frame in the spatial domain and one DM captures the variations between consecutive frames along the action sequence in the temporal domain. All DMs are encoded into texture images, and Convolutional Neural Network is employed to learn informative features from these texture images for action classification task. Also, a statistical based normalization method is introduced in this proposed method to deal with variable heights of subjects. The efficacy of the proposed method is evaluated on two datasets: UTD MHAD and NTU RGB+D, by achieving recognition accuracies91.63% and 80.36% respectively.
Distingsi dan Identitas Islam pada Madrasah: Tinjauan Kebijakan Kurikulum Madrasah
Authors: Hakiemah Ainun , Sudirman Siswoyo Aris Munandar 
Published: May 2020

Madrasa was born as the answer for the restlessness of pesantren on the existence of schools established by the dutch. After the independence of Indonesia, madrasas were still regarded as fringe classes. In early 1970s, the transformation of madrasa began to be initiated. In 1975, SKB 3 ministers which sets the content of religious lessons in declining madrasa appeared. This research is a literature study that examines the distinction and Islamic identity of the madrasa by reviewing the curriculum policy since the inception until the decline of KMA No. 184 in 2019. The results showed that the distinction and Islamic identity of the madrasa was still not optimal in producing the output of the Tafaqquh Fiddin, due to the large amount of subjects inserted within the curriculum by the ruling government. Although the equal position of madrasa in the national education constellation has been achieved, the marginalization of religious sciences in Madrasa has not ended. Meanwhile, students who strongly hold Tafaqquh Fiddin are needed at the time of the teenage radicalism.
2D tellurene/black phosphorus heterojunctions based broadband nonlinear saturable absorber
Authors: Yan Bingzheng , Li Guoru , Shi Bingnan , Liu Junting , Nie Hongkun , Yang Kejian , Zhang Baitao , He Jingliang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) mono-elemental materials (Xenes) show remarkable potential in the fields of fundamental science and technology, have been regarded as a wide range of building blocks for electronic technologies due to their unique chemical, physical, electrical, and optical properties. Here, 2D tellurene/black phosphorus (Te/BP) heterojunctions are successfully fabricated through liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) method. Their nonlinear optical absorption properties at 1.0, 2.0, and 2.8 μm have been studied by an open-aperture Z-scan method. The results revealed the excellent broadband saturable absorption responses of the prepared BP/Te heterojunctions, which are further confirmed by using them as saturable absorbers (SAs) for passively Q-switched all-solid-state lasers operating at 1.0, 2.0, and 2.8 μm, respectively. In particular, 1.04 μm continuous-wave (CW) mode-locked lasers with a pulse width of 404 fs is realized for the first time, to our best knowledge. Our work indicates that 2D Xenes especially 2D Xenes based heterojunctions have great potential in the fields of pulsed laser generation/modulation and other optoelectronic and photonic devices.
QTG-Finder2: A Generalized Machine-Learning Algorithm for Prioritizing QTL Causal Genes in Plants
Authors: Lin Fan , Lazarus Elena Z , Rhee Seung Y 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Linkage mapping has been widely used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) in many plants and usually requires a time-consuming and labor-intensive fine mapping process to find the causal gene underlying the QTL. Previously, we described QTG-Finder, a machine-learning algorithm to rationally prioritize candidate causal genes in QTLs. While it showed good performance, QTG-Finder could only be used in Arabidopsis and rice because of the limited number of known causal genes in other species. Here we tested the feasibility of enabling QTG-Finder to work on species that have few or no known causal genes by using orthologs of known causal genes as the training set. The model trained with orthologs could recall about 64% of Arabidopsis and 83% of rice causal genes when the top 20% ranked genes were considered, which is similar to the performance of models trained with known causal genes. The average precision was 0.027 for Arabidopsis and 0.029 for rice. We further extended the algorithm to include polymorphisms in conserved non-coding sequences and gene presence/absence variation as additional features. Using this algorithm, QTG-Finder2, we trained and cross-validated Sorghum bicolor and Setaria viridis models. The S. bicolor model was validated by causal genes curated from the literature and could recall 70% of causal genes when the top 20% ranked genes were considered. In addition, we applied the S. viridis model and public transcriptome data to prioritize a plant height QTL and identified 13 candidate genes. QTL-Finder2 can accelerate the discovery of causal genes in any plant species and facilitate agricultural trait improvement.
A Resident-Led QI Initiative to Improve Pediatric Emergency Department Boarding Times
Authors: Kouo Theodore , Kleinman Keith , Fujii-Rios Hanae , Badaki-Makun Oluwakemi , Kim Julia , Falco Lucas , Canares Therese L. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND:
Pediatric emergency department (PED) overcrowding and prolonged boarding times (admission order to PED departure) decrease quality of care. Timely transfer of patients from the PED to inpatient units is a key driver that relieves overcrowding. In 2015, PED boarding time at our hospital was 10% longer than the national benchmark. We described a resident-led quality-improvement initiative to decrease PED mean boarding times by 10% (from 173 to 156 minutes) within 6 months among general pediatric admissions.

METHODS:
We applied Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology. PDSA 1 (October 2016) interventions were bundled to include streamlined mobile communications, biweekly educational presentations, and reminder signs. PDSA 2 (August 2017) provided alternative workflows for senior residents. Outcomes were mean PED boarding times for general pediatrics admissions. The proportion of PICU transfers within 12 hours of admission served as a balancing measure. Statistical process control charts were used to analyze boarding times and PICU transfer rates.

RESULTS:
Leading up to PDSA 1, monthly mean boarding times decreased from 173 to 145 minutes and were sustained throughout the study period and up to 1 year after study completion. The X-bar chart demonstrated a shift with 57 consecutive months of mean boarding times below the preintervention mean. There were no changes in PICU transfer rates within 12 hours of admission.

CONCULSIONS:
Resident-led quality improvement efforts, including education and streamlined workflow, significantly improved PED boarding time without causing harm to patients.
Epidemiology of injuries among U18, U19, U21 and senior elite netball players
Authors: Sinclair Colleen , Coetzee Frederik , Schall Robert 
Published: May 2020

Background: Despite a substantial body of literature on injuries among elite netball players in South Africa, no study reports on the timing and type of injuries and the reason for injuries.
Objective: To determine the epidemiology of injuries in U18, U19, U21 and senior netball players in the Free State (FS), South Africa, over two consecutive netball seasons (2017/2018).
Methods: An injury questionnaire was used to collect data on 96 eligible players.
Results: A total of 48 injuries were reported. The profile of injuries revealed that 58% (n=28) of the injuries occurred during matches, 29% (n=14) during practice and 13% (n=6) during preseason training. Acute injuries accounted for 54% (n=26) of the total, while 46% (n=22) were overuse injuries. A third of all the injuries were re-injuries. The centre (C) position had the highest incidence of injuries in players (n=14; 29%). The ankle was the most frequently injured body part (n=18; 36%), followed by the lower leg and Achilles tendon (n=6; 13%) thus largely the ligaments and muscles. The overall incidence rate of injuries during match play was 33.9 injuries per 1 000 hours of match play.
Conclusion: Preventative strategies should consist of ankle and lower leg strengthening and neuromuscular balance techniques. The focus should be on correct landing techniques, results of abrupt change of direction movements and short bursts of speed.
Treinamento muscular ventilatório em pacientes tetraplégicos pós lesão medular traumática: revisão integrativa
Authors: Souza de Matos Bruno , Santana Montino de Melo Andressa , Alves Conceição Tatiana Maita 
Published: May 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: O Trauma Raquimedular é uma condição clínica incapacitante que pode desencadear a tetraplegia, descrita como paralisia parcial ou completa do tronco, músculos respiratórios e membros, favorecendo o surgimento de complicações, principalmente de caráter respiratório. Diante disso, o Fisioterapeuta pode fazer utilizar treinamento muscular ventilatório(TMV) objetivando aumentar a força e resistência à fadiga dos músculos ventilatórios, além de prevenir complicações respiratórias. OBJETIVO: Descrever quais os dispositivos, protocolos e técnicas mais utilizadas para treinamento muscular ventilatório e os efeitos associados em indivíduos tetraplégicos pós trauma raquimedular. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico entre novembro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, nas bases de dados Medline, LILACS e SciELO utilizando as palavras-chave: Breathing Exercises, Spinal Cord Injuries, Quadriplegia e os sinônimos utilizando os operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR”. RESULTADOS: Após consulta nas bases de dados, foram encontrados 3334 artigos, 36 foram selecionados para leitura de resumo, sucedendo que 23 foram excluídos por não atender aos critérios de seleção, restando 13 artigos para a leitura integral, resultando na seleção final de 13 artigos. CONCLUSÃO: Fica evidenciado que protocolos para TMV através de resistores lineares são os mais utilizados tetraplégicos. Além disso, execução de protocolos com resistores lineares a inspiração, empregando intensidade em torno de 30-60% da PImax, apresentou efeitos significativos em PImax. No entanto, percebeu-se que há muitas discordâncias quanto as variáveis de treinamento, principalmente intensidade e número de séries propostos. Contudo, é notório que a utilização do TMV em tetraplégicos apresenta certas divergências, principalmente relacionado a escolha das técnicas e/ou dispositivos adequados.