bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CamGFR v2: A New Model for Estimating the Glomerular Filtration Rate from Standardized or Non-standardized Creatinine in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Williams Edward H. , Flint Thomas R. , Connell Claire M. , Giglio Daniel , Lee Hassal , Ha Taehoon , Gablenz Eva , Bird Nicholas J. , Weaver James M.J. , Potts Harry , Whitley Cameron T. , Bookman Michael A. , Lynch Andy G. , Meyer Hannah V. , Tavaré Simon , Janowitz Tobias 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Management of patients with cancer, specifically carboplatin dosing, requires accurate knowledge of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Direct measurement of GFR is resource limited. Available models for estimated GFR (eGFR) are optimized for patients without cancer and either isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS)- or non-IDMS–standardized creatinine measurements. We present an eGFR model for patients with cancer compatible with both creatinine measurement methods.

Experimental Design:
GFR measurements, biometrics, and IDMS- or non-IDMS–standardized creatinine values were collected for adult patients from three cancer centers. Using statistical modeling, an IDMS and non-IDMS creatinine-compatible eGFR model (CamGFR v2) was developed. Its performance was compared with that of the existing models Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Full Age Spectrum (FAS), Lund–Malmö revised, and CamGFR v1, using statistics for bias, precision, accuracy, and clinical robustness.

Results:
A total of 3,083 IDMS- and 4,612 non-IDMS–standardized creatinine measurements were obtained from 7,240 patients. IDMS-standardized creatinine values were lower than non-IDMS–standardized values in within-center comparisons (13.8% lower in Cambridge; P &lt; 0.0001 and 19.3% lower in Manchester; P &lt; 0.0001), and more consistent between centers. CamGFR v2 was the most accurate [root-mean-squared error for IDMS, 14.97 mL/minute (95% confidence interval, 13.84–16.13) and non-IDMS, 15.74 mL/minute (14.86–16.63)], most clinically robust [proportion with &gt;20% error of calculated carboplatin dose for IDMS, 0.12 (0.09–0.14) and non-IDMS, 0.17 (0.15–0.2)], and least biased [median residual for IDMS, 0.73 mL/minute (−0.68 to 2.2) and non-IDMS, −0.43 mL/minute (−1.48 to 0.91)] eGFR model, particularly when eGFR was larger than 60 ml/minute.

Conclusions:
CamGFR v2 can utilize IDMS- and non-IDMS–standardized creatinine measurements and outperforms previous models. CamGFR v2 should be examined prospectively as a practice-changing standard of care for eGFR-based carboplatin dosing.
The International Right to Housing, Evictions and the Obligation to Provide Alternative Accommodation
Authors: Vols Michel , Kusumawati Erna Dyah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article analyses if, and how, the international right to housing obliges states to protect the victims of justifiable evictions, particularly evictions due to rent arrears. It concerns a comparative analysis of practices in one Asian and one European jurisdiction: Indonesia and the Netherlands. The study juxtaposes measures adopted by each of the governments, regarding their obligations to protect tenants from eviction and to rehouse them post-eviction. As the use of rental accommodation in Indonesia is increasing, a comparison with the Netherlands – where rental accommodation has a prominent role – is beneficial. One significant finding is there is a grey area regarding the protection of people who are evicted due to rent arrears. Although states should protect these victims in the same way as they do people affected by (urban) development, it is unclear how far this protection should go. In the absence of parameters for such protection, the two countries have adopted measures to prevent victims from becoming homeless. The Netherlands protects tenants by providing legal mechanisms against the threat of eviction, and by providing adequate shelter for such victims. Indonesia also shows its intention to protect tenants, by adopting an ad hoc policy to help tenants pay their rent. These measures both seem to be effective, yet there is still a pivotal need for more structured frameworks.
Some Icelandic Perspectives on the Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean
Authors: Sigurjónsson Jóhann 
Published: December 2020

This paper reflects on several aspects of the Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean from the standpoint of Iceland, prior to, during and at the conclusion of the negotiations of the Agreement in late 2017. Particular reference is made to UNCLOS and coastal State interests, status of knowledge on the fish stocks and the importance of scientific cooperation which the Agreement facilitates.
During the years 2008–2015, the so-called Arctic Five consulted on cooperation in Arctic matters including future management of fisheries in the central Arctic Ocean. These rather exclusive cooperative efforts were criticised by Iceland and other States that felt these matters were to be dealt with in a broader international context. It seems evident that Iceland’s desire to become a full participant in the process during the subsequent years was both based on legal arguments as well as fair and natural geopolitical reasons. Iceland became a participant in the negotiations in December 2015.
The final version of the Agreement is a fully fledged platform for coordinating scientific research and it even allows for interim management measures until future regional management framework is in place. In essence, the Agreement can be taken as a regional fisheries management arrangement (RFMA), since most elements of relevance are incorporated in accordance with the 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement.
The opening of the central Arctic Ocean for fishing is not likely to take place in the nearest future, although the development of sea ice retreat is currently faster than earlier anticipated. While the Agreement is today regarded as being historic due to its precautionary approach, future may prove that it was a timely arrangement in a fast-moving world with dramatic changes taking place in the Arctic Ocean.
An Analysis of Different Grade Levels of Elementary School Students’ Reasoning about the Changes of State of Water within a Learning Progression
Authors: Jung Jueun , Chang Jina , Park Jisun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine how the reasoning of elementary school students develops and progresses within a learning progression. In order to do this, we analyzed third, fourth, and fifth grade elementary school students’ levels of reasoning about phenomena related to changes of state of water. The results show that higher grades include higher proportions of students who showed higher-level reasoning. Every student explained the phenomenon at the macroscopic scale; however, fifth grade students considered more elaborate factors and the relationships between those factors than third and fourth grade students did. In addition, students reasoned contradictorily that the weight would increase in situations of both melting and freezing. Finally, we discuss how science curriculums in each grade can be structured as a progression in reasoning and how to provide appropriate science instruction in terms of students’ long-term progression of reasoning.
Data on pyraloid moth specimens (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) held in the collections of CNHM in Zagreb, Croatia
Authors: GUMHALTER DANIJELA , KUČINIĆ MLADEN , ŠAŠIĆ MARTINA 
Published: December 2020

Natural history museum collections can be a helpful tool in documenting changes in biodiversity throughout decades or even centuries. This article uncovers information on the content of three different museum collections, collected over 100 years. It deepens the knowledge on the distribution of pyraloid moth species occurring predominantly in the Continental parts of Croatia, but also in other areas of this country. The article presents the first published listing of pyraloid moth species held in three museum collections of the Croatian Natural History Museum in Zagreb. The list contains 148 taxa in total, 61 from the Igalffy collection, 96 from the Koča collection, and 96 from the Kučinić collection. Altogether, 96 species from the family Crambidae and 52 species from the family Pyralidae are listed.
Heteromysoides taramensis, a new species of mysid (Mysida: Mysidae) from an anchialine cave on Tarama Island, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan
Authors: SHIMOMURA MICHITAKA , FUJITA YOSHIHISA 
Published: December 2020

Heteromysoides taramensis, a new species of the family Mysidae (Mysida) is described from an anchialine cave on Tarama Island, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. This species differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: eyes subrectangular in dorsal aspect without process; cornea developed; telson distally rounded, 1.3 times as long as maximum width, with 5 or 6 pairs of simple spines distolaterally, 1 pair of long simple spines subapically and 1 pair of short simple spines apically; antennal scale elongated elliptical, extending to distal margin of antennular peduncle; antennal sympod with distomesial corner produced into blunt tooth; and endopod of third thoracopod with simple, not subchelate, termination.
The Driving Processes of Concurrent Hot and Dry Extreme Events in China
Authors: Tian Fangxing , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Dong Buwen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSubseasonal heatwave-driven concurrent hot and dry extreme events (HDEs) can cause substantial damage to crops, and hence to lives and livelihoods. However, the physical processes that lead to these devastating events are not well understood. Based on observations and reanalysis data for 1979–2016 over China, we show that HDEs occur preferentially over central and eastern China (CEC) and southern China (SC), with a maximum of three events per year along the Yangtze Valley. The probability of longer-lived and potentially more damaging HDEs is larger in SC than in CEC. Over SC the key factors of HDEs—positive anomalies of surface air temperature and evapotranspiration, and negative anomalies of soil moisture—begin two pentads before maximizing at the peak of the HDEs. These anomalies occur south of a positive height anomaly at 200 hPa, associated with a large-scale subsidence anomaly. The processes over CEC are similar to those for SC, but the anomalies begin one pentad before the peak. HDE frequency is strongly related to the Silk Road pattern and the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation. Positive phases of the Silk Road pattern and suppressed phases of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation are associated with positive height anomalies over CEC and SC, increasing HDE frequency by about 35%–54% relative to the climatological mean. Understanding the effects of subseasonal and seasonal atmospheric circulation variability, such as the Silk Road pattern and boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation, on HDEs is important to improve HDE predictions over China.
The Role of Radiative Interactions in Tropical Cyclone Development under Realistic Boundary Conditions
Authors: Zhang Bosong , Soden Brian J. , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Yang Wenchang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe impact of radiative interactions on tropical cyclone (TC) climatology is investigated using a global, TC-permitting general circulation model (GCM) with realistic boundary conditions. In this model, synoptic-scale radiative interactions are suppressed by overwriting the model-generated atmospheric radiative cooling rates with their monthly varying climatological values. When radiative interactions are suppressed, the global TC frequency is significantly reduced, indicating that radiative interactions are a critical component of TC development even in the presence of spatially varying boundary conditions. The reduced TC activity is primarily due to a decrease in the frequency of pre-TC synoptic disturbances (“seeds”), whereas the likelihood that the seeds undergo cyclogenesis is less affected. When radiative interactions are suppressed, TC genesis shifts toward coastal regions, whereas TC lysis locations stay almost unchanged; together the distance between genesis and lysis is shortened, reducing TC duration. In a warmer climate, the magnitude of TC reduction from suppressing radiative interactions is diminished due to the larger contribution from latent heat release with increased sea surface temperatures. These results highlight the importance of radiative interactions in modulating the frequency and duration of TCs.
Validation of a Hearing‐Related Quality‐of‐Life Questionnaire for Parents and Deaf or Hard‐of‐Hearing Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Sola Ana Marija , Vukkadala Neelaysh , Giridhar Sonya , Stephans Jihyun , Allen Isabel Elaine , Chan Dylan K. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo design and validate a hearing‐related quality‐of‐life questionnaire targeted toward parents and deaf or hard‐of‐hearing infants and toddlers: the Hearing‐Related Infant/Toddler and Parent Quality of Life (HIP‐QL) questionnaire.Study DesignCross‐sectional questionnaire and prospective instrument validation.SettingAcademic pediatric otolaryngology clinic.MethodsA 67‐question questionnaire developed from constructs of a grounded theory analysis was administered to parents of 31 deaf or hard‐of‐hearing children and 14 typically hearing children. Questionnaire construct validity, reliability, and discriminant validity were tested.ResultsBased on exploratory factor analysis, a 32‐item construct composed of developmentally appropriate questions was reduced to a 17‐item construct with 4 domains addressing quality of life for both child (auditory/communication behavior, temperament) and parent (management, parent‐directed factors). Internal consistency measures were appropriate (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.65), and test‐retest reliability was high (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.73). Total HIP‐QL scores correlated significantly with related total PedsQL scores (r = 0.57, P <. 001). As predicted, parents of children who are deaf or hard of hearing reported significantly lower mean HIP‐QL scores but not mean PedsQL scores. HIP‐QL was more sensitive than PedsQL for predicting case versus control membership (86.7% vs 76.9%). Multivariable regression confirmed a negative relationship between severity of hearing loss and HIP‐QL score after controlling for age, sex, income, and maternal education.ConclusionsThis context‐specific questionnaire is the first validated quality‐of‐life instrument for parents and deaf or hard‐of‐hearing infants and toddlers. Previously, parental stress and functional disability questionnaires were used as proxies; therefore, this questionnaire has the potential to serve as an important tool for patient‐ and caregiver‐centered outcomes research.
Comparison of Tracheal vs Nasopharyngeal Secretions for SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR Testing in Patients With Tracheostomy
Authors: Costeloe Anya , Samad Mohammad‐Nadim , Babu Seilesh , Metz Christopher 
Published: December 2020

This study compares nasopharyngeal and tracheal samples for COVID‐19 viral testing in patients with a tracheostomy. This was a prospective cohort study done at 2 academic hospitals between March and June 2020. Patients admitted through the emergency department who had a COVID‐19 test and an existing tracheostomy or underwent a tracheostomy during the admission period were included. Patients with a positive initial nasopharyngeal swab were placed in the experimental group (n = 8), while those with a negative swab were the control group (n = 7). Nasopharyngeal and tracheal samples underwent COVID‐19 testing using the Abbott RealTime SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA assay. Fourteen patients underwent tracheostomy, and 1 had an existing tracheostomy. The average duration of viral shedding in nasopharyngeal samples was 20.9 days. One patient (6.7%) tested positive in tracheal secretions after a negative nasopharyngeal swab. In the remaining patients (93.3%), the nasopharyngeal and tracheal specimens correlated.
Development and Evaluation of the Shared Decision Making Process Scale: A Short Patient-Reported Measure
Authors: Valentine K. D. , Vo Ha , Fowler Floyd J. , Brodney Suzanne , Barry Michael J. , Sepucha Karen R. 
Published: December 2020

Background The Shared Decision Making (SDM) Process scale is a short patient-reported measure of the amount of SDM that occurs around a medical decision. SDM Process items have been used previously in studies of surgical decision making and exhibited discriminant and construct validity. Method Secondary data analysis was conducted across 8 studies of 11 surgical conditions with 3965 responses. Each study contained SDM Process items that assessed the discussion of options, pros and cons, and preferences. Item wording, content, and number of items varied, as did inclusion of measures assessing decision quality, decisional conflict (SURE scale), and regret. Several approaches for scoring, weighting, and the number of items were compared to identify an optimal approach. Optimal SDM Process scores were compared with measures of decision quality, conflict, and regret to examine construct validity; meta-analysis generated summary results. Results Although all versions of the scale were highly correlated, a short, partial credit, equally weighted version of the scale showed favorable properties. Overall, higher SDM Process scores were related to higher decision quality ( d = 0.18, P = 0.029), higher SURE scale scores ( d = 0.57, P < 0.001), and lower decision regret ( d = −0.34, P < 0.001). Significant heterogeneity was present in all validity analyses. Limitations Included studies all focused on surgical decisions, several had small sample sizes, and many were retrospective. Conclusion SDM Process scores showed resilience to coding changes, and a scheme using the short, partial credit, with equal weights was adopted. The SDM Process scores demonstrated a small, positive relationship with decision quality and were consistently related to lower decision conflict and less regret, providing evidence of validity across several surgical decisions.
Cost-Effectiveness of Surveillance Scanning Strategies after Curative Treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wolff Henri B. , Alberts Leonie , Kastelijn Elisabeth A. , El Sharouni Sherif Y. , Schramel Franz M. N. H. , Coupé Veerle M. H. 
Published: December 2020

Background After curative treatment of primary non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), patients undergo intensive surveillance with the aim to detect recurrences from the primary tumor or metachronous second primary lung cancer as early as possible and improve overall survival. However, the benefit of surveillance is debated. Available evidence is of low quality and conflicting. Microsimulation modeling facilitates the exploration of the impact of different surveillance strategies and provides insight into the cost-effectiveness of surveillance. Methods A microsimulation model was used to simulate a range of computed tomography (CT)–based surveillance schedules, differing in the frequency and duration of CT surveillance. The impact on survival, quality-adjusted life-years, costs, and cost-effectiveness of each schedule was assessed. Results Ten of 108 strategies formed the cost-effectiveness frontier; that is, these were the strategies with the optimal cost-health benefit balance. Per person, the discounted QALYs of these strategies varied between 5.72 and 5.81 y, and discounted costs varied between €9892 and €19,259. Below a willingness-to-pay threshold of €50,000/QALY, no scanning is the preferred option. For a willingness-to-pay threshold of €80,000/QALY, surveillance scanning every 2 y starting 1 y after curative treatment becomes the best option, with €11,860 discounted costs and 5.76 discounted QALYs per person. The European Society for Medical Oncology guideline strategy was more expensive and less effective than several other strategies. Conclusion Model simulations suggest that limited CT surveillance scanning after the treatment of primary NSCLC is cost-effective, but the incremental health-benefit remains marginal. However, model simulations do suggest that the guideline strategy is not cost-effective.
Cost-effectiveness of a Contact Intervention and a Psychotherapeutic Program for Post-discharge Suicide Prevention
Authors: Martínez-Alés Gonzalo , Cruz Rodríguez José B. , Lázaro Pablo , Domingo-Relloso Arce , Barrigón María Luisa , Angora Ricardo , Rodríguez-Vega Beatriz , Jiménez-Sola Eduardo , Sánchez-Castro Pilar , Román-Mazuecos Eva , Villoria Lucía , Ortega Ana José , Navío Mercedes , Stanley Barbara , Rosenheck Robert , Baca-García Enrique , Bravo-Ortiz María Fe 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of 2 strategies for post-discharge suicide prevention, an Enhanced Contact intervention based on repeated in-person and telephone contacts, and an individual 2-month long problem-solving Psychotherapy program, in comparison to facilitated access to outpatient care following a suicide attempt. Methods: We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis based on a decision tree between January and December 2019. Comparative effectiveness estimates were obtained from an observational study conducted between 2013 and 2017 in Madrid, Spain. Electronic health care records documented resource use (including extra-hospital emergency care, mortality, inpatient admission, and disability leave). Direct cost data were derived from Madrid’s official list of public health care prices. Indirect cost data were derived from Spain’s National Institute of Statistics. Results: Both augmentation strategies were more cost-effective than a single priority outpatient appointment considering reasonable thresholds of willingness to pay. Under the base-case scenario, Enhanced Contact and Psychotherapy incurred, respectively, €2,340 and 6,260 per averted attempt, compared to a single priority appointment. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed both augmentation strategies to remain cost-effective under several scenarios. Enhanced Contact was slightly cost minimizing in comparison to Psychotherapy (base-case scenario: €−196 per averted attempt). Conclusions: Two post-discharge suicide prevention strategies based on Enhanced Contact and Psychotherapy were cost-effective in comparison to a single priority appointment. Increasing contacts between suicide attempters and mental health-care providers was slightly cost minimizing compared to psychotherapy.
Teachers’ Voices on the Impact of COVID-19 on School Education: Are Ed-Tech Companies Really the Panacea?
Authors: Jain Samta , Lall Marie , Singh Anviti 
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 has brought about changes to the education system that impact teachers in multiple ways. The article discusses the views of affected teachers under the three-gap framework: access, usage, and pedagogical skills gap. Between 29 April 2020, and 29 May 2020, an online survey was administered to 550 Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR) teachers, of which 288 responded. The data show that the inequalities between private schools and government schools are sharpened by the move to online education. This is compounded by the fact that students from economically weaker sections of society have become hard to reach, and teachers do not know how to support hard-to-reach students who are also severely affected by the pandemic. The data also show that teachers have not been trained in online pedagogies. Ed-Tech companies have been stepping in, presenting themselves as a panacea to the problem with further consequences to teachers’ profession, standing, and livelihoods. However, Ed-Tech solutions are not relevant for hard-to-reach students or teachers in schools that serve hard-to-reach communities. The article first presents the voices of teachers affected by the pandemic and then critically examines the role of Ed-Tech companies, which pertain to fill the online pedagogical gap.