bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an ALBI and ascites based model to predict survival for BCLC Stage B hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Huapeng , Jin Zheng , Yang Jing , Hu Wei , Zhu Ying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The outcome of the patients with BCLC stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) varied. Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) grade, as a surrogate of the Child-Pugh (CP) grade, was evaluated to be a simple tool for the assessing of the liver function and prognosis. However, it appears to be arbitrary and crude to eliminate the ascites variable from the ALBI grade. We aimed to develop a predictive model constituted with the ALBI grade, the ascites and tumor burden related parameters in patients with BCLC stage B HCC. Methods: Patients diagnosed as the BCLC stage B HCC were collected from a retrospective database. Construction and validation of the predictive model were performed based on multivariate Cox regression analysis. Predictive accuracy, discrimination and fitness performance of the model were compared with the other eight models. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical utility.Results: A total of 1773 patients diagnosed as BCLC stage B HCC between 2007 to 2016 were included in the present study. As the methods for the assessing of the liver function, the ALBI grade and ascites showed their independent prognostic value, and then the two parameters were combined into one, the ALBI-AS grade. Subsequently, the ALBI-AS grade (hazard ratio (HR)=1.26, p=0.008) along with two tumor burden related parameters (the AFP level and the 8-and-14 grade, p＜0.001) were used for the development of a prognostic prediction model after multivariate analysis. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) for overall survival at 1, 2 and 3 years predicted by the present model were 0.73, 0.69 and 0.67 in the training cohort. The concordance index (c-index) and the Aiken information criterion (AIC) were 0.68 and 6216.3, respectively. In the internal and external validation cohorts, the present model still revealed excellent predictive accuracy, discrimination and fitness performance. Then the ALBI-AS based model was evaluated to be superior to other prognostic models with highest AUROC, c-index and lowest AIC values. Moreover, DCA also demonstrated that the present model was clinical beneficial. Additionally, participants could be classified into three distinct risk groups by the model.Conclusion: The ALBI-AS grade, as a pragmatic alternative of the ALBI grade, is a novel predictor of survival for patients with BCLC stage B HCC. The ALBI-AS based model was evaluated to be an accurate prognostic tool for individual prognostication, and performed well in terms of discrimination and fitness against other prognostic models. And it is appropriate to validate our findings on a larger prospective cohort.
Longer Hospital Length of Stay After Admission Before Rapid Response System Activation is Associated with Worse Clinical Outcome: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Park Jimyung , Lee Yeon Joo , Hong Sang-Bum , Jeon Kyeongman , Moon Jae Young , Kim Jung Soo , Kang Byung Ju , Ahn Jong-Joon , Lee Dong-Hyun , Park Jisoo , Cho Jae Hwa , Lee Sang-Min 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Rapid response system (RRS) has been increasingly adopted to improve patient safety in hospitals worldwide. However, predictors of survival outcome after RRS activation because of unexpected clinical deterioration are not well defined. We investigated whether hospital length of stay (LOS) before RRS activation can predict the clinical outcomes.Methods: Using a nationwide multicenter RRS database, we identified patients for whom RRS was activated during hospitalization at 9 tertiary referral hospitals in South Korea between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017. All information on patient characteristics, RRS activation, and clinical outcomes were retrospectively collected by reviewing patient medical records at each center. Patients were categorized into two groups according to their hospital LOS before RRS activation: early deterioration (LOS <5 days) and late deterioration (LOS ≥5 days). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality and multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the two groups. In addition, propensity score-matched analysis was used to minimize the effects of confounding factors.Results: Among 11,612 patients, 5,779 and 5,883 patients belonged to the early and late deterioration groups, respectively. Patients in the late deterioration group were more likely to have malignant disease and to be more severely ill at the time of RRS activation. After adjusting for confounding factors, the late deterioration group had higher 28-day mortality (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.44–1.77). Other clinical outcomes (in-hospital mortality and hospital LOS after RRS activation) were worse in the late deterioration group as well, and similar results were found in the propensity score-matched analysis (aOR for 28-day mortality 1.66, 95% CI 1.45–1.91).Conclusions: Patients who stayed longer in the hospital before RRS activation had worse clinical outcomes. During the RRS team review of patients, hospital LOS before RRS activation should be considered as a predictor of future outcome.
Does It Pay to Offend? Short- and Long-term Responses to Offensive Ads
Authors: Friedmann Enav , Solodoha Eliran , Treister Dorit Efrat 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
How does the use of offensive ads, especially those which insult low-power social groups, affect consumer response? Existing literature stresses the immediate negative consumer response to offensive ads, while practice shows continuing use of offensive ads by firms, creating a discrepancy between the literature and practice. In four studies (two in the field and two in the lab) we demonstrate a negative short-term response but positive long-term response to offensive ads in purchase intentions and brand choice, a phenomenon that we term the “time–offense paradox” (TOP). The effect is driven mainly by a larger positive increase in consumer response in the long term among members of low-power groups (compared to high-power groups). We call this the ‘Trigger TOP effect’. In line with power-approach theory, we suggest and show that offensiveness influences brand choice via brand power and brand attraction (a two-path mediation). Our framework integrates the dimension of time into power-approach theory in the context of offensive ads.
Job Satisfaction, Engagement and Associated Factors among Employees Working at Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: Institution Based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mohammed Ebrahim , Daybaso Haji Aman , Habtewold Ephrem Mannekulih 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: High level of professional satisfaction among health workers earns high dividends such as higher worker force retention and patients satisfactionObjective: To assess level of employees` satisfaction and associated factors among employees` working in Adama hospital medical college town from January to March 2019.Methods: institution based cross-sectional study design was employed. About 389 employees were interviewed.Multi variable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the relationship among predictors and outcome variable. P-value <0.25 will be used as cutoff point for variable to be candidate for multi variable logistic regression. P-value <0.05 and Adjusted odds ratio at 95% level of significance will be used to declare predictors of employees satisfaction.Results: A total of 389 study participant responded to the questionnaires with response rate of 92.20%. More than half 212(54.5%) were male and the mean age of study participants were 32.24 years (SD± 7.87). The overall level of job satisfaction was 185(47.6%) (95%CI: 1.43, 1.53). Factors like shisha smoking (AOR, 0.4; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.44), Co-workers relationship (AOR, 2.85; 95% CI: 1.21, 6.72), working environment (AOR, 4.08; 95% CI: 1.98, 8.41), autonomy at their working (AOR, 4.40; 95% CI: 1.89, 11.19), commitment for their organization (AOR, 2.48; 95% CI: 1.20, 5.10), performance evaluation (AOR, 5.69; 95% CI: 2.53, 12.80), promotion or growth opportunity (AOR, 9.58; 95% CI: 4.11, 22.32) and relationship with immediate supervisor (AOR,4.59; 95% CI: 1.89, 11.19) shows significant association with employees` job satisfaction.Conclusion and recommendation: The overall level of employees` satisfaction is low. The organization should work on factors associated with employees` job satisfaction in order to increase satisfaction levels of employees.
Defining muscle-invasive bladder cancer immunotypes by introducing tumor mutation burden, CD8+ T cells, and molecular subtypes
Authors: Chen Zihao , Liu Guojun , Liu Guoqing , Bolkov Mikhail A. , Tuzankina Irina A. , Chereshnev Valery A. , Wang Zhifeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Immunotherapy, especially anti-PD-1, is becoming a pillar of modern muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treatment. However, the objective response rates (ORR) are relatively low due to the lack of precise biomarkers to select patients. Herein, the molecular subtype, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and CD8 + T cells were calculated by the gene expression and mutation profiles of MIBC patients. MIBC immunotypes were constructed using clustering analysis based on tumor mutation burden, CD8 + T cells, and molecular subtypes. Mutated genes, KEGG pathways, GO terms, and co-expressed network-specific hub genes have been identified. We demonstrated that ORR of immunotype A patients identified by molecular subtype, CD8 + T cells, and TMB is about 36% predictable. PIK3CA, RB1, FGFR3, KMT2C, MACF1, RYR2, and EP300 are differentially mutated among three immunotypes. Pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and TGF-beta signaling pathway are top-ranked in enrichment analysis. Low expression of ACTA2 was associated with the MIBC survival benefit. This study identified which MIBC patients are suitable for immunotherapy, and it is an important step forward to the personalized treatment of bladder cancers.
The impact of a Community Based Rehabilitation Program in Afghanistan: A longitudinal analysis using propensity score matching and difference in difference analysis
Authors: Trani Jean-Francois , Vasquez-Escallon Juanita , Bakhshi Parul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background. The 2006 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities states that the achievement of equal rights, empowerment and social inclusion of people with disabilities requires comprehensive rehabilitation services encompassing all components of the World Health Organization Community based rehabilitation (CBR) matrix: health, education, livelihood, social and empowerment. CBR programs specifically aim to deliver such comprehensive interventions. In the present study, we investigate the impact of a CBR program in Afghanistan on all these components. Methods. We enrolled 1861 newly recruited CBR participants with disabilities in the study, from 169 villages between July 2012 and December 2013 as well as 1132 controls with disabilities randomly selected through a two-stage process within 6000 households from 100 villages in the same provinces but outside the catchment area of the CBR program. We interviewed them again after one (midline) and two (end-line) years in the study. Using propensity score matching and difference in difference analysis, we estimated the impact of the CBR on outcomes of interest, namely mobility, activities of daily living, communication, participation in social and community life, emotional well-being and employment.Results. There were statistically significant differences between participants and controls on all outcomes between baseline and end-line, with impacts ranging from the highest on emotional wellbeing (1.02, 95%CI 0.04-2.00) and the lowest on activities of daily living (0.08, CI 0.03-0.13).Conclusion. Our study indicates that a CBR program may provide positive rehabilitation outcomes for persons with disabilities even in a conflict context, and improve overall well-being of all participants with disabilities, whatever their impairment, individual characteristics and the CBR matrix components considered. Trial registration. ISRCTN, ISRCTN50214054. Registered August 5th 2020 - retrospectively registered, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN50214054
Morbidity Associated with Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Newborns: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Terrin Gianluca , Chiara Maria Di , Boscarino Giovanni , Metrangolo Valentina , Faccioli Francesca , Onestà Elisa , Giancotti Antonella , Donato Violante Di , Cardilli Viviana , De Curtis Mario 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Association between persistency of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and morbidity in preterm newborns is still controversial. We aimed to investigate the relation between PDA and morbidity in a large retrospective study.Methods: A case-control study including neonates consecutively admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), with gestational age (GA) ≤ 32 weeks or body birth weight (BW) ≤ 1500 g, over a 5-year period. Newborns were divided into Cases and Controls, according with the presence or absence of a hemodynamically significant PDA (hs-PDA).Results: We enrolled 85 Cases and 193 Controls. Subjects with hs-PDA had significantly (p<0.001) lower GA (26.7 w, 95%CI 27.1-28.0 vs. 30.1 w, 95%CI 29.7-30.4), BW (1024 g, 95% CI 952-1097 vs. 1310 g 95%CI 1263-1358) and an increased morbidity (60.0% vs. 18.7%). In a sub-group of extremely preterm newborns (GA < 29 weeks and BW < 1000 g), the rate of BPD was significantly increased in Cases (31.7%) compared with Controls (5.9%, p=0.033). Multivariate analysis showed that morbidity significantly depended on hs-PDA, GA and BW, and that, in extremely preterms, the hs-PDA represented an independent risk factor for BPD.Conclusions: The presence of hs-PDA seemed to increase the risk of morbidity in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. In extremely preterm newborns, the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) depended on the occurrence of hs-PDA.
Copy Number Variation in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Samples Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Pariyar Mamta , Johns Andrea , Thorne Rick Francis , Scott Rodney J. , Avery-Kiejda Kelly A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly metastatic and aggressive subtype of breast cancer and cases presenting with lymph node involvement have worse outcomes. This study aimed to determine the regions of copy number variation (CNV) associated with lymph node metastasis in TNBC patients. MethodsCNV analyses were performed in a study cohort of 23 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC), 12 lymph node metastases (LNmets) and 7 normal adjacent tissues (NAT); as well as in a second cohort containing 70 TNBC IDC samples and the same 7 NATs. CNVs associated genes were analysed using GO-enrichment and Pathway analysis and also integrated with gene expression analysis. The prognostic role for genes showing CNV based change in mRNA expression was determined using Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter database. ResultsFor the IDCs, frequent amplification was evident in chromosomal regions 8q, 1q, 2(p and q), 3q24, 10p and 12p and deletion in 3p, 4 (p and q), 5q, 14q and 17p in contrast to LNmets showing frequent amplification of 4q, 2p, 3q24, 1q, 10p, 12p, 8q, 20p, 21q and 6p and deletion in 1p, 4q (4q21.1, 4q26) and 5q. A total of 686 (441 amplified and 245 deleted) genes were associated with lymph node metastasis. The LNmet-associated genes were highly enriched for “regulation of complement activation”, “regulation of protein activation cascade”, “regulation of humoral immune response”, “oxytocin signalling pathway” and “trail binding” pathways. Moreover, 6/686 LNmet-associated genes showed CNV-based changes in their mRNA expression of which, high expression of ASPM and KIF14 was significantly associated with worse relapse free survival.ConclusionThis study has identified several CNV regions in TNBC that could play a major role in metastasis to the lymph node.
Intestinal Explant Cultures from Gilthead Seabream (Sparus Aurata, L.) Allowed Determining the Mucosal Sensitivity to Bacterial Pathogens and the Impact of a Plant Protein Diet
Authors: Peñaranda David Sanchez , Bäuerl Christine , Tomás-Vidal Ana , Miguel Jover-Cerdá , Estruch Guillem , Martínez Gaspar Pérez , Martínez-Llorens Silvia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough high levels of fish meal replacement by alternative protein sources have been achieved without relevant alterations in terms of growth performance, negative effects on immune status were detected. The diet and fish immunity interactions at gut level have been widely discussed, although in vivo approaches have reported several limitations. In this sense, intestine explant culture system can be a valuable complementary tool to study the interactions between pathogenic bacteria and fish gut response, and the possible influence of environmental, breeding, rearing conditions or dietary components on the responsiveness of the innate immune system in fish.The object of this study was to test the impact of total substitution of fish meal by plant protein on the intestinal health of seabream (12g) in two growth stages: phase I (90 days), up to 68 g, and phase II (305 days), up to 250g. In phase II, the effects of the long term and short exposure (15 days) to plant protein diet were determined. In order to determine the effect of plant protein feeding on the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens, and an ex vivo procedure of intestine explants culture was implemented.ResultsFish showed less tolerance to dietary plant protein in phase I than in phase II, while the ex vivo assays indicated that the intestine from fish fed at short-term plant diets showed a higher immune response than at long term feeding.In relation to the immune response to bacterial challenge, a significant expression in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 after 6 hours of exposure to V. algynoliticus, while COX-2 expression was significantly induced by P. damselae subsp. pisicida, showing positive high correlation between them.ConclusionsA differential health status was observed depending of growth stage, being stricter to the plant protein inclusion the younger fish. The new experimental system based on fish intestinal explants culture has been successfully implemented, becoming an effective methodology for ex vivo studies. Under ex vivo conditions, the bacterial challenge induced inflammatory and immune intestinal response, responding stronger those intestine of fish fed during a short-term with a total substitution of fish meal.
Upregulation of TIPE2 attenuates macrophage activation and neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
Authors: Liu Shudong , Wang Jie , Li Wenyan , Shi Hui , Zhou Changlong , Tang Ge , Zhang Jiangwei , yang zhao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious disease with high mortality and morbidity, and effective treatment is limited. A large amount of evidence suggests that the inflammatory response contributes to secondary brain damage following ICH. TIPE2 is an essential negative regulator of both innate and adaptive immunity, and depletion of TIPE2 causes inflammatory disease. However, the possible role of TIPE2 following ICH has not been reported. Methods: In this study, we investigated TIPE2 levels and inflammation in macrophages treated with erythrocyte lysate in vitro, and we observed proinflammatory cytokine production, BBB disruption, cerebral water content and neurological damage in ICH mice in vivo. Results: We found that TIPE2 levels were significantly decreased in erythrocyte lysate-treated macrophages compared to control macrophages. Upregulation of TIPE2 decreased macrophage activation and cytokine production and accelerated brain damage in ICH mice. In addition, upregulation of TIPE2 attenuated proinflammatory cytokine production, BBB disruption, and severe brain inflammation after ICH. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that TIPE2 was negatively correlated with the pathogenesis of ICH, which prevented brain injury and attenuated deleterious inflammatory responses following ICH. TIPE2 might serve as a novel target for ICH therapy.
Renal tumors: Age spectrum and histological distribution across childhood
Authors: Liu Tingting , Al-Kzayer Lika’a Fasih Y. , Nakazawa Yozo , chen lei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between the histopathological distribution of renal tumors and the age parameter across childhood period and to compare that with the available literature. Methods: A total of 193 pediatric patients with renal tumors were classified into 5 groups as embryo, infant, early childhood, childhood, and adolescent. Age distribution, pathological types and clinical characteristics were summarized. Results: Among the 193 patients, 95.8% presented with malignant tumors, and 4.2% showed benign tumors. The prevalence of Wilms’ tumor (WT( and non-WT, were 63.7% and 36.3%, respectively. Non-WT patients included clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK), followed by rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (RTK), congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Early childhood (89/193, 46.2%) was the most common period of onset, followed by infant (73/193, 37.9%), childhood (19/193, 9.8%), embryo (8/193, 4.1%) and adolescent (4/193, 2.0%). WT predominantly occurred in infant and early childhood and decreased among older age group. Non-WT occurred various period of onset and rather common during embryo. 10.9% of patients were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis and that was significantly observed in non-WT (P=0.04). Conclusions: Age of onset is a highly significant factor for pediatric renal tumors. Relationship between age spectrum and pathological characteristics influences distinguishing the histopathological distribution of WT and non-WT.
Correlation based analysis of COVID-19 virus genome versus other	fatal virus genomes
Authors: Purohit Sidharth , Satapathy Suresh Chandra , S Sibi Chakkaravarthy , Zhang Yu-Dong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Virus attacks have had devastating effects on mankind. The prominent viruses such as Ebola virus (2012), SARS-CoV or Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus called as the MERS (EMC/2012), Spanish flu (H1N1 virus-1918) and the most recent COVID-19(SARS-CoV-2) are the ones that have created a difficult situation for the survival of the human race.Background: Currently, throughout the world, a global pandemic situation has put economy, livelihood, and human existence in a very pathetic situation. Most of the above-mentioned viruses exhibit some similar characteristics and genetic pattern. Analyzing such characteristics and genetic pattern can help the researchers to get a deeper insight into the viruses and helps in finding appropriate medicine or cure.Methods: To address these issues, this paper proposes an experimental analysis of the above-mentioned viruses data using correlation methods. The virus data considered for the experimental analysis includes the distribution of various amino acids, protein sequences, 3D modelling of viruses, pairwise alignment of proteins that comprise the DNA genome of the viruses. Furthermore, this comparative analysis can be used by the researchers and organizations like WHO(World Health Organization), computational biologists, genetic engineers to frame a layout for studying the DNA sequence distribution, percentage of GC (Guanine-Cytosine) protein which determines the heat stability of viruses. We have used the BioPython to illustrate the gene study of prominent viruses and have derived results and insights in the form of 3D modelling.Results: The experimental results are more promising with an accuracy rate of 96% in overall virus relationship calculation.