bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capital Structure in Emerging Markets: Evidence from China
Authors: Nazarova Varvara , Budchenko Anastasia 
Published: May 2020

Although corporate capital structure has been intriguing to scientists for a number of years, very little research has been conducted on the topic for companies in emerging markets. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of capital structure using a sample of 195 non-financial firms from emerging markets in 2012-2016.

The inclusion of a specific dataset from Chinese companies lends vital focus to this investigation and provides crucial ballast for the investigative function. The final sample contains data on 57 China companies and 90 other companies of emerging markets. Our article focusses on identifying the determinants of capital structure of Chinese companies in comparison with companies of other BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India), and sets out a series of hypotheses concerning capital structure with domestic and international variables. We compare and contrast our data using a series of custom evaluation models based on linear regressions.

The results confirm positive impact of tangibility on total debt ratio due to a high share of capital-intensive industries in the sample. It is revealed that growth rates and firm size have positive impacts on financial leverage in Chinese companies as compared to other BRIC countries, and these effects are stronger in capital-intensive industries. We illustrate how a strong negative impact of ROA has increased in recent years, and connect this phenomenon to a considerable decrease in lending rates following a large-scale stimulus program which encouraged Chinese companies to borrow money instead of relying on retained earnings. The presence of the Chinese state in the ownership structure of companies is revealed to be significant for the majority of Chinese companies, especially for the oil and gas and metallurgical sectors.

Our conclusions highlight the importance of government policies and special market conditions in explaining the financing behaviour of companies in emerging countries like China. While capital structure choice varies significantly across industries, nevertheless the differences between Chinese and other BRIC companies reflect the differences in the institutional structure of financing mechanisms in countries. This research and evaluation is especially timely considering the increased focus on Chinese commercial exposure on the world stage, a tendency which is bound to increase research interest in the near future across a range of disciplines. As such, our study and our broad range of conclusions will prove invaluable for students, researchers, policymakers, and decision makers in business, commerce, politics and academia at all levels.
Un planeta montañoso. Una aproximación a la clasificación de las montañas de la Tierra / A mountainous planet. An approximation to the classification of the Earth’s mountains
Authors: Allende Álvarez Fernando , Martín-Moreno Raúl , Nicolás Martínez Pedro 
Published: May 2020

En este trabajo se pretende realizar una clasificación de las montañas terrestres. Con este fin se elabora una tipología que utiliza elementos culturales, morfotectónicos y bioclimáticos. Se parte de los conceptos de montaña y cordillera percibidos por montañeros, artistas, viajeros y estudiosos del mundo de las montañas. A estas consideraciones se añaden las derivadas de su ubicación y disposición para, acto seguido, clasificar las montañas según sus características morfotectónicas y bióticas. Desde esta doble perspectiva se obtiene una visión de conjunto del relieve montañoso novedosa y poco abordada en la literatura científica. A modo de síntesis y aportación de interés, el trabajo se ilustra con dos figuras en las que se muestran las montañas y cordilleras con su distribución geográfica y su tipología. Une planète montagneuse. Une approximation à la classification des montagnes de la Terre.- Dans ce travail, nous faisons une classification des montagnes du monde. À cette fin, nous avons élaboré une typologie qui utilise des éléments culturels, morpho tectoniques et bioclimatiques. Elle part des concepts de montagne et de chaîne de montagnes que les alpinistes, les artistes, les voyageurs et les spécialistes du monde de la montagne perçoivent. À ces considérations s’ajoutent celles dérivées de leur emplacement et leur disposition afin de classer les montagnes en fonction de leurs caractéristiques morpho tectoniques et biotiques. En guise de synthèse et d’apport d’intérêt, cette recherche est illustrée à l’aide de deux figures qui montrent les montagnes et les massifs montagneux par leur répartition géographique et leur typologie.A mountainous planet. An approximation to the classification of the Earth’s mountains- This work aims to make a classification of the Earth’s mountains. For this purpose, a typology that uses cultural, morphotectonic and bioclimatic elements is developed. It is based on the concepts of mountain and mountain range perceived by mountaineers, artists, travelers and scholars. To these considerations are added those derived from their location and disposition in order to immediately classify the mountains according to their morphotectonic and biotic characteristics. As a synthesis and contribution of interest, the work is illustrated with two figures showing the mountains and mountain ranges with their geographical distribution and typology.
Can We Trust High-Frequency Content in Strong-Motion Database Signals? Impact of Housing, Coupling, and Installation Depth of Seismic Sensors
Authors: Hollender Fabrice , Roumelioti Zafeiria , Maufroy Emeline , Traversa Paola , Mariscal Armand 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeismic hazard studies provide indicators of seismic motion that are expressed for “free-field,” that is, representative of the ground motion exactly at the free surface, without disturbances due to interactions between soil and buildings or other structures. Most of these studies are based on ground-motion prediction equations, which are, themselves, formulated to predict free-field motion, as they are derived from similarly free data. However, is this really the case?In this study, we use several examples to illustrate how small structures hosting permanent strong-motion stations (often anchored on small concrete slabs) generate soil–structure interaction effects that can amplify the high-frequency part of the earthquake signal (&gt;10  Hz) by up to a factor of 2–3 for stations on soils. We also show that the installation depth of a station, even if very shallow (i.e., a few meters), can change the recorded response, mainly by deamplifying the signal in high frequencies (&gt;10  Hz) by a factor up to 0.3. Such effects imply that there are actual differences between recorded and true free-field signals. Depending on the housing conditions, these effects can have significant impact on response spectra at high frequencies, and on measurements of the κ parameter.It is, thus, becoming clear that such effects should be taken into account in studies involving high-frequency seismic motion. To do so, scientists need a detailed description of the conditions of installation and housing of seismological and accelerometric stations, which often lacks from the metadata distributed through the various, commonly used web services. Increasing such information and facilitating the access to it would allow the identification of stations that are problematic and of those that are truly close to free-field recording conditions. In a subsequent step, it would be important to quantify the modification curve of the response of stations that experience such effects.
Rose Parade Seismology: Signatures of Floats and Bands on Optical Fiber
Authors: Wang Xin , Williams Ethan F. , Karrenbach Martin , Herráez Miguel González , Martins Hugo Fidalgo , Zhan Zhongwen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The 2020 Rose Parade in Pasadena, California, was recorded by the Pasadena distributed acoustic sensing array, which utilizes the underground telecom fiber optic cables as sensors. The floats and bands generate remarkable broadband seismic signatures that can be captured at meters’ resolution.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DAN PENILAIAN OTENTIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DI SMAN 7 BOGOR
Authors: Saylendra Nadya Putri , Danial Endang 
Published: May 2020

This research is purposed to know how the implementation of scientific approach and authentic assessment in civics and citizenship in SMAN 7 Bogor. This research employed a descriptive methods from qualitative research.The results showed that teacher has understanding on the scientific approach and authentic assessment in the study of civic education. The planning of scientific approach and authentic assessment in civic education has been carried out thoroughly. The implementation of scientific approach and authentic assessment in study of civic and citizenship, the teacher has demonstrated the stages of scientific approach and processing score into value using the existing assessment format. The scientific approach and authentic assessment showed an objective results of student learning competencies; such as attitude, skills and knowledge.
Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy After Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Colón Luis Felipe , Isaza Jorge , Katsuura Yoshihiro , Nuss Daniel 
Published: May 2020

Case:
A 37-year-old man was found to have hypoglossal nerve palsy after undergoing anterior cervical spine surgery at C3-C5, an injury that would cause him severe disability and further complications.

Conclusion:
Knowledge of the hypoglossal nerve is crucial for cervical spine surgery even at lower levels (C4-C7), including variations in its course and potential displacement during the induction of anesthesia.
Multicomponent Diffusion Modeling of Cyclic Solvent Injection in Ultratight Reservoirs
Authors: Cronin Michael , Emami-Meybodi Hamid , Johns Russell T. 
Published: May 2020

Summary
We present a new semianalytical compositional model designed for primary production of multicomponent oil and cyclic solvent injection in ultratight oil reservoirs that is dependent on diffusion-dominated transport within the matrix (k &lt; 200 nd) coupled to advection-dominated transport in the fractures. The semianalytical model consists of a well-mixed tank model for the fractures coupled to diffusive transport within the matrix. Production of oil, gas, and water from the fractures to the well is proportional to its phase mobility. The matrix allows for differing effective-diffusion coefficients for each component. Because there are no gridblocks within the matrix, the analytical solution is computationally less expensive than numerical simulation while capturing the steep, nonmonotonic compositional changes occurring a short distance into the matrix that result from multiple injection cycles. The Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) (Robinson and Peng 1978) is used to calculate phase behavior with time within the fractures and to initialize density and mass concentrations within the matrix based on the semianalytical framework.
The coupled convective (fracture) and diffusive (matrix) model is validated with several laboratory- and field-scale cases. For primary recovery, the results show that the model correctly reproduces the pressure and oil-recovery declines observed in the field. We show that the hydrocarbon-recovery mechanism for solvent huff ’n’ puff (HnP) is facilitated by greater density reduction and compositional changes. Two solvents are considered in HnP calculations: carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Recovery of heavier components is enhanced with CO2 compared with CH4 within the reservoir (matrix and fractures). Furthermore, the results demonstrate that multiple HnP cycles constrained to surface injection are needed to enhance density and compositional gradients, and therefore oil recovery. Although shorter soaks are better for short-term recovery (i.e., 3 to 5 years), longer soaks maximize recovery over a longer time frame (i.e., 10 to 15 years). This paper provides a limiting case model based on diffusive matrix transport and convective fracture transport to determine the optimal number/duration of cycles and when to start the HnP process after primary recovery.
Assessment of the proportion and the factors associated with partner and family based index case HIV testing in Woliso town, Oromia, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Haile Teka , Gulema Hanna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite the enormous expansion of HIV testing services (HTS), an estimated 40% of people with HIV infection remain undiagnosed. In Ethiopia, the current working UNAIDS spectrum estimate for PLHIV is 649,264, of the estimated PLHIV, only about 72% know their status. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study design with internal comparison was conducted among randomly selected 346 people currently on ART in Woliso town. Data entry carried out by Epi Info™ version 7.2.3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 statistical software for Windows.Results: Among 345 study participants, 333 (96.5%) with 95 % CI (94.5 - 98.3) of index cases have tested families. The odds of HIV testing were 7.22 times higher among those who disclosed their HIV status (AOR=7.22 95% CI: 1.45, 35.82) compared to those who did not disclosed. Those who have stayed <12 months on ART are 87% less likely to have tested families (AOR=0.13 95% CI: 0.03, 0.63) compared to those who stayed ≥12 months on ART. Conclusion: this study finding shows that higher proportions of families of index cases have been tested for HIV. It also shows that partner and family based index case HIV testing has significant association with HIV status disclosure of index cases and the length of the duration that the index cases stayed on ART. It is essential to sustain the platform of partner and family based index case HIV testing service through strengthening disclosure counselling and assisting HIV status disclosure in health facilities with fully trained provider and qualified health providers. It also suggests the need to focus on those who received ART for less than 12 months duration and communicate on the timing of HIV testing for HIV negative families with ongoing risk of acquiring HIV.
Early Guillain-Barré syndrome in COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a case report from an Italian COVID-Hospital
Authors: Ottaviani Donatella , Boso Federica , Tranquillini Enzo , Gapeni Ilaria , Pedrotti Giovanni , Cozzio Susanna , Guarrera Giovanni M. , Giometto Bruno 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute polyradiculoneuropathy associated with dysimmune processes, often related to a previous infectious exposure. During Italian Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 outbreak, a woman presented with a rapidly progressive flaccid paralysis with unilateral facial neuropathy after a few days of mild respiratory symptoms. Coronavirus was detected by nasopharyngeal swab, but there was no evidence of its presence in her cerebrospinal fluid, which confirmed the typical albumin-cytological dissociation of GBS, along with consistent neurophysiological data. Despite immunoglobulin infusions and intensive supportive care, her clinical picture worsened simultaneously both from respiratory and neurological point of view, as if reflecting different aspects of the same systemic inflammatory response. Similar early complications have already been observed in patients with para-infectious GBS related to Zika virus, but pathological mechanisms have yet to be established.
Differential Parameters between Activity Flare and Acute Infection in Pediatric Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Luo Kai-Ling , Yang Yao-Hsu , Lin Yu-Tsan , Hu Ya-Chiao , Yu Hsin-Hui , Wang Li-Chieh , Chiang Bor-Luen , LEE JYH-HONG 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease. SLE patients are vulnerable to infections. Infections might mimic and even trigger SLE flares. To distinguish acute infection from activity flare always remains a clinical challenge.We aim to explore the approach to differentiate active infection from disease activity in pediatric SLE patients.Methods: Fifty pediatric SLE patients presenting with 185 clinical episodes were collected.The associations betweenrelevant data encompassing both clinical and laboratory parameters and the outcome groups were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs)facilitatingthe analysis of data collected in longitudinal and repeated-measures designs.We also used a multinomial logistic regression model for simultaneous prediction of different outcome groups. Finally, we ran the GLIMMIX procedure to track trends of changes in parameters over time.Results: These 185 episodes were divided into 4 outcome groups: infected-active (n=102), infected-inactive (n=11), noninfected-active (n=59), and noninfected-inactive (n=13) episodes. Multivariate GEE analysis showed that SDI, SLEDAI-2K, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), hemoglobin, platelet, RDW-to-platelet ratio (RPR), and C3 are predictive of flare (combined calculated AUC of 0.8964 and with sensitivity of 82.2 % and specificity of 90.9%). Multivariate GEE analysis showed that SDI, fever temperature, CRP, procalcitonin, lymphocyte percentage, NLR, hemoglobin, and renal score in SLEDAI-2k are predictive of infection (combinedcalculated AUC of 0.7886 and with sensitivity of 63.5% and specificity of 89.2%). We developed regression equations for simultaneous prediction of 4 different outcome groups.We could differentiate noninfected-active from infected-active episodes by different change patterns of ESR, NLR, lymphocyte, C3, and C4 over time.Conclusions: The proposed approach could differentiateflares from infections in pediatric SLE patients. Combination of parameters from four different domains simultaneously, including inflammation (CRP, ESR, PCT), hematology (Lymphocyte percentage, NLR, PLR), complement (C3, C4), and clinical status (SLEDAI, SDI), is effective to make appropriate judgement and treatment decisions.
Innate Lymphoid Cell Disturbance in Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Authors: Zhang Lili , Lin Qiang , Wu Mingfu , Jiang Lijun , Huang Linlin , Li Xiaozhong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-residentlymphoidcellswhichare enriched inthe barrier surfaces andparticipateininitialimmuneresponseagainstpathogens.Itisreportedthat ILCs are dysfunctional in various human diseases. ILCs is the bridge between innate immunity and adaptive immunity, while Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP)meet these characters, early innate and later adaptive immune response. Submucosal lymphotissue is mainly IgA produced area, where ILCs resident. Increasing data confirmed thatmucosal immune and IgA is related with HSP. The relationship between ILCs and HSP (IgA vasculitis) remains unclear.Methods:ILCs subsets and lymphocyte subpopulation were characterized in the peripheral blood (PB)of normal controls and patients of HSPand the cell surface markers expression were detected by flow cytometry. We also correlated the frequencies of each ILCs subset in PB with lymphocyte subpopulation and serum IgA in HSP patients.Results: The difference of ILCs/Lymphocytes andILCs/PBMC in patientswithHSP andnormalcontrols was statistically significant. The proportion of ILC1 significantly increased and ILC3 decreased in HSP patients. Moreover, the percentage of ILC1 significantly decreased and ILC3 increased in HSP patients after treatment. The difference of ILCs/Lymphocytes and ILCs/PBMC in the arthritis type and mixed type of HSP was also statistically significant in comparison with normal controls.Conclusions: Our study indicates that the increased circulating ILC3 and decreased circulating ILC1 might be helpful for the pathogenesis of HSPthrough mediating type 3 immune response?
An outcome evaluation of an environmental nutrition intervention conducted in an institute of higher learning in Singapore: A cluster-randomized trial
Authors: Seah Sharna S.Y. , Dam Rob M. van , Tai Bee Choo , Tay Zoey , Wang May C. , Rebello Salome A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective

Evidence for effective food environment interventions to improve the quality of out-of-home foods is limited in Asia. The Healthier Dining Programme (HDP) is a voluntary government programme designed to increase the availability and accessibility of healthier foods and beverages at eateries in Singapore, a multi-ethnic, urbanized and developed nation. The objective of our study was to evaluate effects of the HDP on the out-of-home dietary intakes of consumers at an institute of higher learning.
Design/Setting:

We used a cluster-randomized trial design. Six food centers (two food courts and four canteens) at a large university campus were randomly assigned to the intervention or control arm. Participants were university students or staff aged ≥ 18 years (n = 408) who frequently dined at these six food centers. Relevant data were gathered by interview and a 7-day food diary before and after 10 weeks of the intervention. Generalized estimating equations for logistic and linear regression were used to assess the difference in intake of out-of-home healthier dishes between the two study arms.
Results

Participants in the intervention arm were more likely to have at least one healthier out-of-home dish per week as compared to those in the control arm (84% vs. 65%, unadjusted OR: 2.79 95% CI: 1.59, 4.88). This was due mainly to the higher consumption of dishes prepared with healthier oil blends (unadjusted OR: 3.24 95% CI: 1.95, 5.38) and lower-sodium salt (unadjusted OR: 4.36 95% CI: 1.64, 11.58) in the intervention arm. Whilst saturated and polyunsaturated fat intake in the two arms were comparable, participants in the intervention arm had lower total fat (-1.27 g/1000 kcal, 95% CI: -2.48, -0.06) and monounsaturated fat intakes (-0.50 g/1000 kcal, 95% CI: -0.94, -0.06), from out-of-home dishes as compared with the control arm.
Conclusions

These findings suggest that environmental interventions at institutes of higher learning to increase healthier food availability and accessibility can improve dietary intake from out-of-home foods.