bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airborne geophysical data levelling based on variational mode decomposition
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Yan Fei , Liu Yunqing 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTA new technique is proposed to level airborne geophysical data based on the assumption that the level errors along the flight‐line direction have a distinguishable centre frequency. In the levelling method, airborne geophysical data from the entire survey area are corrected automatically after sorting the data into a group according to the measurement order. Variational mode decomposition is applied to the profile data to adaptively extract the level‐error component with distinct spectral bands. In airborne geophysical surveys, data in the anomalous region show visible peaks with strong gradients along the flight‐line direction, which would impact the decomposition. To minimize their effect on variational mode decomposition, the higher amplitude anomalies are grouped and discarded by K‐means clustering to obtain the real data level. The levelling method extracts the level errors of the entire survey area simultaneously, thus avoiding the regional error caused by strong noise, missing data or error transfer in the common levelling process. Moreover, the approach is automatic and applicable to both irregular and regular line patterns without the participation of staff members or tie‐line control. The levelling method may require much time when decomposition is performed on the extended survey area. We have applied the method to the airborne electromagnetic and magnetic data acquired by Geotech Limited to confirm its validity and have compared the obtained results with those based on the flight‐line correlation levelling algorithm.
‐Finite‐time stabilization of continuous‐time systems with optimal performance
Authors: Jin Nana , Xu Juanjuan , Zhang Huanshui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, we are concerned with the ‐finite‐time stabilization (‐FTS) with optimal performance for the continuous‐time system. The definition of ‐FTS is first proposed. The main contribution is to give the equivalent conditions for the open‐loop solvability and sufficient conditions for the closed‐loop solvability of the ‐FTS problem with optimal performance for the finite‐time interval. Moreover, we show that the irregular optimal control problem is solvable under the ‐FTS of a specific system.
Treatment of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin or Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Patient Selection, Controversies, and Caveats
Authors: O'Connell Casey , Escalante Carmen P. , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , McBane Robert , Connors Jean M. , Raskob Gary E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

The treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer is challenging because these patients have increased risks of both recurrent VTE and major bleeding, along with patient-specific and cancer-related factors that influence the approach to treatment. Historically, anticoagulant therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), given for both initial and long-term treatment, has been the preferred approach recommended by practice guidelines. Most recently, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines indicate that the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) apixaban, edoxaban, or rivaroxaban are preferred for patients without gastric or gastroesophageal lesions. DOACs have been associated with an increased risk of major bleeding in patients with gastrointestinal and possibly genitourinary cancers, and DOACs should either not be used (especially in those with intact intraluminal tumors) or be used with caution in patients with these cancers. Fatal or life-threatening bleeding occurs with similar frequency with DOACs or LMWH, and most major bleeding with DOACs can be managed with transfusion and standard measures. The patient's willingness and ability to comply with LMWH injections, and their treatment preference, should also be considered. Patients with cancer who have VTE should be treated with anticoagulation for a minimum of 6 months. Anticoagulation should be continued indefinitely while cancer is active or under treatment or if there are persistent risk factors for recurrent VTE. This article summarizes the evidence from clinical trials of LMWH and DOACs that underpins the NCCN guideline recommendations, addresses several controversies and caveats regarding anticoagulant treatment, and offers evidence-based, practical suggestions on patient selection for treatment with DOACs.

Implications for Practice
Several randomized trials support the addition of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) to the therapeutic armamentarium for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE). These agents come with unique risks and patient- and cancer-specific variables that must be evaluated during the course of a patient's cancer care. This narrative review discusses findings from clinical trials of low-molecular-weight heparin and DOACs for the treatment of cancer-associated VTE, evidence that supports the recent National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline recommendations. A personalized approach to treatment is proposed that addresses patient selection for treatment with DOACs, factors that influence efficacy and safety, controversies and caveats, and suggestions for their resolution in clinical practice.
Tumor Response and Symptom Palliation from RAINBOW, a Phase III Trial of Ramucirumab Plus Paclitaxel in Previously Treated Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Cascinu Stefano , Bodoky György , Muro Kei , Van Cutsem Eric , Oh Sang Cheul , Folprecht Gunnar , Ananda Sumitra , Girotto Gustavo , Wainberg Zev A. , Miron Maria Luisa Limon , Ajani Jaffer , Wei Ran , Liepa Astra M. , Carlesi Roberto , Emig Michael , Ohtsu Atsushi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
In the intent-to-treat (ITT) population of the RAINBOW study, objective response rate (ORR) was 28% and 16% in the ramucirumab and control arms, respectively. To further characterize tumor response, we present details on timing and extent of tumor shrinkage, as well as associations with symptom palliation.

Materials and Methods
Tumor response was assessed with RECIST v1.1, and quality of life (QoL) was assessed with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) v3.0. Prespecified and post hoc analyses were conducted in the ITT population, patients with measurable disease, or responders, and included best overall response (BOR), ORR, disease control rate (DCR), duration of response, time to response (TtR), change in tumor size, and associations of QoL with tumor shrinkage and BOR.

Results
In both treatment arms, median TtR was 1.5 months. Responses were more durable in the ramucirumab versus control arm (median 4.4 vs. 2.8 months). In patients with measurable disease (78% of ITT), ORR was 36% versus 20%; DCR was 81% versus 61% in the ramucirumab versus control arms. Waterfall plots demonstrated more tumor shrinkage in the ramucirumab versus control arm. Regardless of treatment, tumor response and stable disease were associated with improved or stable QoL, with more tumor shrinkage associated with greater symptom palliation.

Conclusion
Treatment with ramucirumab plus paclitaxel yielded the highest ORR reported to date for patients with previously treated advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Additional details demonstrate robustness of tumor response results. The extent of tumor shrinkage is directly associated with symptom palliation and should be considered when evaluating patient needs and treatment selection. Clinical trial identification number. NCT01170663.

Implications for Practice
Ramucirumab plus paclitaxel is a recognized standard of care as it improves survival for patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who have been previously treated with recommended first-line therapy. These additional data on tumor response demonstrate a positive association between tumor shrinkage and symptom palliation in a patient population that is often symptomatic. These observations included patients with nonmeasurable disease, a group of patients often underrepresented in clinical trials. This knowledge can inform treatment decisions, which align individual patient characteristics and needs with demonstrated benefits.
Kinetic Target‐Guided Synthesis of Small‐Molecule G‐Quadruplex Stabilizers
Authors: Pomeislová Alice , Vrzal Lukáš , Kozák Jaroslav , Dobiaš Juraj , Hubálek Martin , Dvořáková Hana , Reyes‐Gutiérrez Paul E. , Teplý Filip , Veverka Václav 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe formation of a G‐quadruplex motif in the promoter region of the c‐MYC protooncogene prevents its expression. Accordingly, G‐quadruplex stabilization by a suitable ligand may be a viable approach for anticancer therapy. In our study, we used the 4‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)aniline molecule, previously identified as a fragment library screen hit, as a template for the SAR‐guided design of a new small library of clickable fragments and subjected them to click reactions, including kinetic target‐guided synthesis in the presence of a G‐quadruplex forming oligonucleotide Pu24. We tested the clickable fragments and products of click reactions for their G‐quadruplex stabilizing activity and determined their mode of binding to the c‐MYC G‐quadruplex by NMR spectroscopy. The enhanced stabilizing potency of click products in biology assays (FRET, Polymerase extension assay) matched the increased yields of in situ click reactions. In conclusion, we identified the newly synthesized click products of bis‐amino derivatives of 4‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)aniline as potent stabilizers of c‐MYC G‐quadruplex, and their further evolution may lead to the development of an efficient tool for cancer treatment.
Synthesis and properties of self‐healing cross‐linked nonisocyanate polyurethanes from biobased diglycerol bis(cyclic carbonate)
Authors: Wang Ding‐wen , Chen Shuo , Zhao Jing‐bo , Zhang Zhi‐yuan , Zhang Jun‐ying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA simple and green method was established to prepare self‐healing cross‐linked nonisocyanate polyurethanes (SH‐cNIPUs) from biobased diglycerol bis(cyclic carbonate) (DGDC). Two nonisocyanate polyurethane prepolymers with furan terminal groups (tFU‐NIPUs) were synthesized through a ring‐opening reaction of DGDC with furan methylamine and trimethylolpropane tris(poly[propylene glycol], amine terminated) ether, or tris(2‐aminoethyl) amine under mild conditions. The SH‐cNIPUs were prepared via a Diels–Alder reaction between tFU‐NIPUs and a bismaleimide. SH‐cNIPUs were characterized by ATI‐FTIR,1H NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscope, and tensile strength after being damaged and healed. SH‐cNIPUs with glass transition temperature from 8 to 49°C, tensile strength up to 21 MPa, and self‐healing efficiency from 67 to 80% were successfully synthesized.
Economic analysis of a novel design of microtracked concentrating photovoltaic modules
Authors: Wright David , Liu Lauren , Parvan Laura , Majumdar Zigurts , Giebink Noel C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new design for microtracked concentrating photovoltaics (mCPVs) published by one of us in Nature Energy has the same form factor as PV. This paper analyzes the cost below which it would compete with PV in behind‐the‐meter applications for commercial electricity customers in four cities in southern United States, assuming that the only significant differences between mCPV and PV are mCPV's higher efficiency and mCPV's inability to utilize sunlight that is either diffuse or has a high angle of incidence. The analysis first optimizes PV and mCPV microgrids and then selects the battery capacity that maximizes the internal rate of return (IRR) and selects a target mCPV installed cost for which the optimal mCPV IRR matches the optimal PV IRR. The result for projects starting in 2020 is $1.2/W in Lancaster, CA and Las Vegas, cities with similar ratios of direct to total irradiance. Modesto, CA and Kansas City have target mCPV installed costs of $1.07/W and $0.94/W, respectively. The electricity tariff and battery costs impact both PV and mCPV and have a minimal effect on the mCPV cost at which the two technologies compete. mCPV occupies 33.2% less area per watt than PV reducing some components of installed cost. In 2020, target mCPV module costs are $0.33/W in Lancaster and Las Vegas, $0.25/W in Modesto, and $0.17/W in Kansas City. These target costs decline by on average 9.6% per year for projects starting 2021–2025, similar to the 9.3% rate of decline in projected PV module costs over this period.
Recover possibilities of potential induced degradation caused by the micro‐cracked locations in p‐type crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Nguyen Dong C. , Ishikawa Yasuaki , Uraoka Yukiharu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPotential induced degradation (PID) has been affecting the performance, durability, and reliability of crystalline Si solar cells/modules. The authors demonstrate that micro‐cracks also act as the additional recombination centers, which reduce short‐circuit current density (Jsc), open‐circuit voltage (Voc), and the effective lifetime of carriers in solar cells, in PID condition. This hypothesis was confirmed by external quantum efficiency measurements and microwave photo‐conductance decay method at the micro‐cracked areas before and after PID stress tests. In addition, the PID recovery was made significantly but non‐fully for the laminated micro‐cracked modules owing to the electrical PID recovery method. In addition, the authors showed and discussed the challenging problems in recovering the performance of the PID‐affected micro‐cracked solar modules without lamination. The achieved results from 11 cycles of PID stress/recovery tests with the same duration of PID stress and recovery processes showed that an exponentially decreasing function fits the correlation between the relative losses of Pmax, Voc, fill factor (FF), and Jsc due to the PID stress process and the number of the PID stress/recovery cycles. This provides a model for the estimation of the relative losses of Pmax, Voc, FF, and Jsc due to the PID stress process versus the number of the PID stress/recovery cycles. Finally, based on the decreasing tendency in the performance loss of the PID‐affected laminated micro‐cracked solar modules after PID stress/recovery cycles, the authors suggest that cyclic PID tests with suitable conditions might be a reasonable approach to control PID.
A theoretical study towards understanding the origin of DNA oxidation products
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Jiang Shan , Wang Min , Cao Chunyan , Wan Xin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReactivity of thymine peroxy radical in DNA and its fate under oxygen‐less condition are studied at DFT B3LYP and M06‐2X functionals together with 6‐31+G(d,p) and aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis sets. The irreversible reaction between OH free radical‐induced C6‐yl and O2 molecule leads to the two main conformers. The spaciously accessible H2′ on the sugar can be abstracted by C6‐peroxy with the estimated barriers of 15.7–21.0 kcal/mol, dependent on various theoretical methods and the conformers. The calculations show that C6‐peroxy has a highly more reactivity towards C (sp3)‐H abstraction reactions than its relative C6‐yl, which is a counter‐intuitive case. Based on the classical Arrhenius rate formula, we find that the vertical electron affinities and proton affinities of the H‐atom acceptors are strongly relevant to electron transfer rate and proton transfer rate, respectively, in the C‐H abstraction reactions. The formed hydroperoxide with the C6‐OaObH2′ constituent can ultrafastly transfer ObH2′ to C2′ radical of the same sugar with a very low barrier (approximately 1.6 kcal/mol) and very strong exothermicity. The results show that the formed hydroperoxide product is too unstable so that it could be quickly transformed into other species and thus is very hard to be experimentally observed. Afterwards, H2′ can be again abstracted by C6‐oxyl radical to result in formation of thymine glycol. The parallel C5‐C6 bond scission reaction leads to formation of the precursor to 5‐hydroxy‐5‐methylhydantion. The two competitive reactions have very low or even negative barriers, dependent on the used functional. Thus, the new radical reaction paths to formation of both thymine glycol and 5‐hydroxy‐5‐methylhydantion are discovered under oxygen‐less condition, which is different from the previously suggested paths under high oxygen concentration surroundings. The influences of the relevant side reactions on formation of the two oxidation damage biomarker molecules are also discussed.
A qualitative assessment of body image in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer
Authors: Moore Justin B. , Canzona Mollie R. , Puccinelli‐Ortega Nicole , Little‐Greene Denisha , Duckworth Katie E. , Fingeret Michelle C. , Ip Edward H. , Sanford Stacy D. , Salsman John M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContextAmong adolescents and young adults (AYAs), cancer and its treatment can disturb body image in distinct ways compared to younger or older individuals.ObjectiveSince AYA body image is not well understood, this study was designed to develop a conceptual framework for body image in AYAs with cancer.MethodsConcept elicitation interviews were conducted with 36 AYA patients [10 adolescents (15–17 years), 12 emerging adults (18–25 years), 14 young adults (26–39 years)] and health care providers (n = 36). The constant comparative method was used to analyze for themes and properties, with themes considered saturated if they were present and salient across participant sets.ResultsTwenty themes emerged from participant data. Three themes illustrate a shared understanding of patients' experience of body image: (1) physical changes produce shifts in identity and experience of self; (2) precancer body image shapes how the AYA experiences cancer‐related physical changes, and (3) changes to the body are upsetting. Nine themes were unique to patients while eight themes were unique to providers. Patient body image experiences were found to evolve over time, largely affected by concerns about how others view them. Providers appeared attuned to AYA patient body image but recognized that it is not systematically addressed with patients.ConclusionMore striking than differences between patient groups is the consistency of themes that emerged. The conceptual framework of body image developed from these data offers an important step toward addressing body image concerns for AYA patients.
A general theory of rock glacier creep based on in‐situ and remote sensing observations
Authors: Cicoira Alessandro , Marcer Marco , Gärtner‐Roer Isabelle , Bodin Xavier , Arenson Lukas U. , Vieli Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe ongoing acceleration in rock glacier velocities concurrent with increasing air temperatures, and the widespread onset of rock glacier destabilization have reinforced the interest in rock glacier dynamics and in its coupling to the climate system. Despite the increasing number of studies investigating this phenomenon, our knowledge of both the fundamental mechanisms controlling rock glacier dynamics, and their long‐term behaviour at the regional scale remain limited. We present a general theory to investigate rock glacier dynamics, its spatial patterns and temporal trends at both regional and local scale. To this end, we combine a model to calculate rock glacier thickness with an empirical creep model for ice‐rich debris, in order to derive the Bulk Creep Factor (BCF), which allows to disentangle the two contributions to the surface velocities from (i) material properties and (ii) geometry. Thereafter, we provide two examples of possible applications of this approach at a regional and local scale.
Sleep‐disordered breathing, respiratory patterns during wakefulness and functional capacity in pediatric patients with rapid‐onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation and autonomic dysregulation syndrome
Authors: Selvadurai Sarah , Benzon David , Voutsas Giorge , Hamilton Jill , Yeh Ann , Cifra Barbara , Narang Indra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the clinical presentation of sleep‐disordered breathing and respiratory patterns at rest and during a 6‐min walk test (6MWT) in children with rapid‐onset obesity, hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) syndrome.MethodsRetrospective study of children with ROHHAD who had a diagnostic baseline polysomnography, daytime cardiorespiratory monitoring at rest and a 6MWT. Polysomnography data were also compared with body mass index‐, age‐, and sex‐matched controls.ResultsOf the eight children with ROHHAD, all eight (100%) had obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and 2/8 (25%) had nocturnal hypoventilation (NH) on their baseline polysomnography. Comparing the ROHHAD group to the control group, there were no significant differences in the median (interquartile range [IQR]) obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index (11.1 [4.3–58.4] vs. 14.4 [10.3–23.3] events/h, respectively; p = .78). However, children with ROHHAD showed a significantly higher desaturation index compared to the control group (37.9 [13.7–59.8] vs. 14.7 [4.3–27.6] events/h; p = .05). While awake at rest, some children with ROHHAD experienced significant desaturations associated with central pauses. During the 6MWT, no significant desaturations were observed, but two children showed moderate functional limitation.ConclusionsAmong children with ROHHAD, respiratory instability may be demonstrated by a significant number and severity of oxygen desaturations during sleep in the presence of OSA, with or without NH, and oxygen desaturations with central pauses at rest during wakefulness. Interestingly, during daily activities that require submaximal effort, children may not experience oxygen desaturations. Early recognition of respiratory abnormalities and targeted therapeutic interventions are important to limit associated morbidity and mortality in ROHHAD.
On developing an exponentially weighted moving average chart under progressive setup: An efficient approach to manufacturing processes—Discussion
Authors: Alevizakos Vasileios , Chatterjee Kashinath , Koukouvinos Christos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA mixed exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA)–progressive mean (PM) control chart (regarded as MEP) has been recently proposed in the literature for monitoring the process mean. Unfortunately, the variance of MEP statistic is incorrect. In this article, we provide the correct variance of charting statistic along with the corresponding control limits and we also evaluate the run‐length characteristics of the MEP chart. A comparison study with existing control charts indicates that the MEP chart is more effective for small to moderate process shifts. However, the PM, which is a special case of it, and the EWMA charts outperform the MEP chart in detecting small to moderate and large shifts, respectively.