bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical repair of ischemic mitral regurgitation: one ring does not fit all
Authors: Servito Therese , Elbatarny Malak , Yanagawa Bobby , Dokollari Aleksander , Bisleri Gianluigi 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of review
The review summarizes the key parameters that can aid in determining the optimal treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR).

Recent findings
Left ventricular (LV) and mitral valve (MV) parameters are important for surgical planning and risk stratification in IMR. Although LV dimensions is one of the main parameters used in the guidelines, volumes more accurately depict LV remodelling. Furthermore, wall motion abnormalities and wall motion score index can also be useful for surgical planning in treatment of IMR. Viability is best measured with cardiac magnetic resonance, but it is not feasible in certain centres. In contrast, measurement of strain with echocardiography is an emerging and feasible tool for estimating viability. MV leaflet tethering and pattern measured with echocardiography are also useful for MV surgery. Anterior leaflet excursion angle can identify patients in whom undersized ring annuloplasty is potentially unsuitable.

Summary
Treatment of IMR relies on accurate parameters that can determine the optimal surgical approach. In some patients, lack of viable myocardium suggests inadequacy of revascularization and thus, an adjunctive left ventricular reconstruction may be necessary. Degree and pattern of MV leaflet tethering can indicate whether ring annuloplasty, which is the most common repair technique, is sufficient or an adjunctive sub-valvular intervention is beneficial.
Managing hyperuricemia and gout in chronic kidney disease: a clinical conundrum
Authors: Premachandra Kulanka H. , Day Richard O. , Roberts Darren M. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of review
There is controversy regarding the impact of hyperuricemia on the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and gout remains sub optimally managed in this population. We discuss the prescribing of drugs for the treatment of gout in patients with CKD.

Recent findings
There is a lack of consensus from expert guidelines, and prescribers have concerns regarding the risk of adverse reactions from medicines used to treat gout. These situations appear to contribute to suboptimal management of gout in this cohort. Recent data have challenged the role of urate lowering therapy (ULT) in the management of asymptomatic hyperuricemia in CKD.

Summary
ULT should be commenced in all patients with severe, recurrent disease, tophaceous gout and evidence of joint damage. Most international guidelines recommend a treat-to-target approach for the management of gout. In CKD, ULT should be started at low dose with up titration adjusted to serum urate levels, rather than being based on the creatinine clearance. If patients fail first-line therapy, alternative agents are utilized, the specific agent depending on ease of access, burden of disease and other comorbidities. This approach should be incorporated into routine practice to ensure optimal treatment of gout in CKD. More research is required to investigate whether treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia has clinical benefits.
Effective heat conductivity of Honeycomb (porous) composite panel
Authors: Magoda Cletus Matthew , Gryzagoridis Jasson , Kanyarusoke Kant 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to validate an assumption of what to use as an effective (steady state) heat transfer coefficient of thermal conductivity for the honeycomb core sandwiched by Fiberglass face sheets composite. A one-dimensional model based on Fourier law is developed. The results are validated experimentally.

Design/methodology/approach
The results were obtained from the one-dimensional mathematical model of an overall or effective heat conductivity of the Honeycomb composite panel. These results were validated experimentally by applying heat flux on the specimen under controlled environment. The surface temperatures at different voltages were recorded and analysed. The skin of the sandwich composite material used in the investigation was Fiberglass sheet with a thickness of 0.5 mm at the bottom and 1.0 mm at the top surface. Both skins have a stacking sequence of zero degrees. Due to the presence of air cells in the core (Honeycomb), the model considers the conduction, convection and radiation heat transfer, across the thickness of the panel, combined as an effective conduction mode, whose value may be predicted by using the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the air based on the average temperature difference between the two skins. The experimental results for the heat transfer through the thickness of the panel provide validation of this assumption/prediction. Both infrared thermography and conventional temperature measurement techniques (thermocouples) were used to collect the data.

Findings
The heat transfer experiment and mathematical modeling were conducted. The data obtained were analyzed, and it was found that the effective thermal conductivity was temperature-dependent as expected. The effective thermal conductivity of the honeycomb panel was close to that of air, and its value could be predicted if the panel surface temperatures were known. It was also found that as temperature raised the variation between experimental and predicted effective air conduction raised up. This is because there was an increase in molecular diffusion and vibration. Therefore, the convection heat transfer increased at high temperatures and the air became an insulator.

Originality/value
Honeycomb composite panels have excellent physical and thermal properties that influence their performance. This study provides an appropriate method in determining thermal conductivity, which is one of the critical thermal properties of porous composite material. This paper also gives useful and practical data to industries that use or manufacture honeycomb composite panels.
Effect of tourniquet time on whole blood point‐of‐care lactate concentration: A healthy human volunteer study
Authors: Chiew Angela L , Tran Christine T‐T , Mackenzie John 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveLactate is frequently utilised in clinical practice. Some have concerns that tourniquet application for venous blood collection may falsely elevate venous lactate. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of tourniquet time on varying venous lactate concentrations.MethodsThis is a healthy volunteer study, in which subjects were their own controls. A cannula was inserted into each arm, with a tourniquet remaining on one. Subjects were allocated to one of three groups; rest (no activity), exercise (maximal exertion to elevate lactate concentrations) with immediate tourniquet application or exercise with delayed (5‐min post‐exercise) tourniquet application. In all blood was drawn simultaneously from both cannulas at 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15‐min post‐tourniquet application and analysed for lactate on a point‐of‐care device. The primary outcome was a clinically significant difference (>1 mmol/L) in tourniquet versus non‐tourniquet arm lactate concentration.ResultsThere were 10 subjects per group; the exercise groups achieved a mean maximum lactate concentration of 10.4 mmol/L (standard deviation [SD] 3.6) (exercise with immediate tourniquet application group) and 8.9 mmol/L (SD 2.5) (exercise with delayed tourniquet application group). There was no clinically significant increase in lactate concentration in the tourniquet compared to non‐tourniquet arm in all groups, across all tourniquet application times, and over a range of lactate concentrations. In the rest group after 15‐min of tourniquet application the mean lactate concentration of the tourniquet versus non‐tourniquet arm was 0.91 mmol/L (SD 0.55) versus 0.89 mmol/L (SD 0.46) (P = 0.99), respectively.ConclusionIn the present study tourniquet application for blood collection did not significantly increase lactate concentration. Hence, clinically a raised venous lactate concentration should not be attributed to prolonged tourniquet application.
What Is the Model in Model‐Based Planning?
Authors: Pouncy Thomas , Tsividis Pedro , Gershman Samuel J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFlexibility is one of the hallmarks of human problem‐solving. In everyday life, people adapt to changes in common tasks with little to no additional training. Much of the existing work on flexibility in human problem‐solving has focused on how people adapt to tasks in new domains by drawing on solutions from previously learned domains. In real‐world tasks, however, humans must generalize across a wide range of within‐domain variation. In this work we argue that representational abstraction plays an important role in such within‐domain generalization. We then explore the nature of this representational abstraction in realistically complex tasks like video games by demonstrating how the same model‐based planning framework produces distinct generalization behaviors under different classes of task representation. Finally, we compare the behavior of agents with these task representations to humans in a series of novel grid‐based video game tasks. Our results provide evidence for the claim that within‐domain flexibility in humans derives from task representations composed of propositional rules written in terms of objects and relational categories.
Performance enhancement of one‐bath pigment coloration and finishing process using eco‐friendly crosslinkers
Authors: Mohsin Muhammad , Sardar Shaheen , Iftikhar Komal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe one‐bath pigment coloration and finishing process decreases the consumptions related to the energy, water, chemicals, labour, and production time as compared to the conventional two‐bath application. Conventionally, pigment coloration uses binders, such as acrylic, for the attachment of the pigment onto the fabric. Then, the finishes are applied in a separate step. One‐bath pigment coloration and finishing can solve this problem but the compatibility among the pigments, crosslinkers, and fabrics is critical and difficult to achieve. In addition, the performance of the fabric treated with one‐bath application should match the performance of the fabric treated with the conventional two‐bath coloration and finishing. To address such challenges, this article studies the performance of the one‐bath pigment coloration and finishing using three primary colours, five crosslinkers, and an oil and water repellent finish in the pad‐dry‐cure process. The results show that all the formulas with the crosslinkers are comparable with each other as well as associated reference samples coloured with conventional acrylic binder. Nevertheless, the bio‐based crosslinkers, citric acid and succinic acid, are more compatible and sustainable for the one‐bath pigment coloration and finishing. The fastness properties, shrinkage, crease recovery angle, and oil and water repellency were also improved due to the one bath pigment coloration and finishing.
Finding the Time for Ancient Novels
Authors: Goldhill Simon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This essay looks at the history of the novel, starting from the influential postwar critical insistence on the importance of the novel as a nineteenth-century genre. It notes that this tradition singularly fails to take account of the history of the novel in antiquity–for clear ideological reasons. It then explores the degree to which the texts known as the novel from antiquity, such as Longus's Daphnis and Chloe, Petronius's Satyricon, or Heliodorus's Aethiopica, constitute a genre. Although there is a great deal of porousness between different forms of prose in antiquity, the essay concludes by exploring why the ancient novel, ignored by critics for so long, has now become such a hot topic. It argues that much as the postwar critics could not fit the ancient novel into their histories, now the ancient novel's interests in sophisticated erotics, narrative flair, and cultural hybridity seem all too timely.
Language, Ideology and Identity in Post-Partition Pakistan in the Light of Bausani’s Notion of ‘Islamic Languages’
Authors: Salvaggio Federico 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The present contribution approaches the linguistic ideas that permeated the post-Partition Pakistani language debate in the light of Bausani’s notion of ‘Islamic languages’. This will help us to try to make sense of the occasionally naive, at times apparently nonsensical, and often non-scientific linguistic arguments that characterized the political discourse of the time in an attempt to clarify the implicit assumptions and ideological charge behind those statements.
Beyond the official discussions, we will seek to understand how Muslim communities in the area developed common cultural representations concerning their sociolinguistic identities and conceptualized affinity and diversity among their languages.
Finally, we will look at the particular case of Bengali, a language that even in the post-Partition period was not partitioned into two distinct language varieties (one for the Muslims and one for the Hindus) and that thus constitutes, in the context of the Indian subcontinent, a sort of ‘exception that proves the rule’.
A timed tally counter for microscopic examination of thick blood smears in malaria studies
Authors: Nuel Grégory , Garcia André 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite many technological advances for malaria parasite detection (e.g. high resolution image acquisition), microscopic reading of thick blood smear (TBS) remains the gold standard. Even though available in low technology environment, the microscopy of TBS is slow and time consuming. Moreover microscopy may induce errors at many levels and has no quality control.MethodsA electronic extension of the mechanical tally counter is proposed. In addition to the counting process it includes the process of counting itself that relies on the time elapsed between two successive pressures of the counting button leading to a timed tally counter (TTC). The microscopist performs the reading with the specific instruction starting by counting, in each high power fields, leucocytes first and then parasites. The time-stamp of all pressures of counting buttons are recorded along with the nature of the count. The data are recorded internally in CSV format and are exportable. The detection of HPFs locations and leukocyte/parasite counts per HPFs is performed through a hidden semi-Markov model (with outliers) allowing both to take into account the known distribution of leukocyte per HPFs (using a negative binomial distribution) and the pauses and hesitation of the microscopist during the reading. Parameters are estimated via the expectation-maximization algorithm. Hyper-parameters are calibrated using expert annotations. Forward/backward recursions are used to obtain the HPFs locations.ResultsThis approach provides richer data at no extra cost. It has been demonstrated that the method can derive parasites per HPF, leukocytes per HPF, and parasite/leukocyte ratio with robust non-parametric confidence intervals. Moreover a direct digital data entry leads to a less expensive process and decreased time-consuming and error-prone manual data entry. Lastly the TTC allows detecting possible protocol break during reading and prevents the risk of fraud.Discussion and conclusionIntroducing a programmed digital device in the data acquisition of TBS reading gives the opportunity to develop easily new (possible adaptive) reading protocols that will be easily followed by the reader since they will be embedded directly in the device. With the TTC the reader only has to read HPFs, counting leukocytes first and parasites second, and the counter will beep when the protocol is completed.
A case series of medically managed Candida parapsilosis complex prosthetic valve endocarditis
Authors: Guo Penghao , He Yuting , Fan Rui , Wu Zhongwen , Chen Yili , Huang Yuli , Liao Kang , Chen Peisong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
In recent years, Candida parapsilosis is recognized as a species complex and is composed of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. Candida parapsilosis complex prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is rare and the survival rate is still low despite of optimal therapeutic strategies. In our report, it is novel to report cases as Candida parapsilosis complex PVE at species and identify Candida parapsilosis using MALDI-TOF MS.
Case presentation
A series of 4 cases of Candida parapsilosis complex PVE from our institution was reported. Three were infected by Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto and one was infected by Candida metapsilosis. The condition of two cases got better and the other died.

Conclusions
More attention should be paid to Candida parapsilosis complex PVE and early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic therapy may play a role in the treatment for Candida parapsilosis complex PVE. It is recommended to identify Candida parapsilosis complex at species level and MALDI-TOF MS as an easy, fast and efficient identification method is worth promoting in clinical microbiology
Mental health consequences of COVID-19 media coverage: the need for effective crisis communication practices
Authors: Su Zhaohui , McDonnell Dean , Wen Jun , Kozak Metin , Abbas Jaffar , Šegalo Sabina , Li Xiaoshan , Ahmad Junaid , Cheshmehzangi Ali , Cai Yuyang , Yang Ling , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDuring global pandemics, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), crisis communication is indispensable in dispelling fears, uncertainty, and unifying individuals worldwide in a collective fight against health threats. Inadequate crisis communication can bring dire personal and economic consequences. Mounting research shows that seemingly endless newsfeeds related to COVID-19 infection and death rates could considerably increase the risk of mental health problems. Unfortunately, media reports that include infodemics regarding the influence of COVID-19 on mental health may be a source of the adverse psychological effects on individuals. Owing partially to insufficient crisis communication practices, media and news organizations across the globe have played minimal roles in battling COVID-19 infodemics. Common refrains include raging QAnon conspiracies, a false and misleading “Chinese virus” narrative, and the use of disinfectants to “cure” COVID-19. With the potential to deteriorate mental health, infodemics fueled by a kaleidoscopic range of misinformation can be dangerous. Unfortunately, there is a shortage of research on how to improve crisis communication across media and news organization channels. This paper identifies ways that legacy media reports on COVID-19 and how social media-based infodemics can result in mental health concerns. This paper discusses possible crisis communication solutions that media and news organizations can adopt to mitigate the negative influences of COVID-19 related news on mental health. Emphasizing the need for global media entities to forge a fact-based, person-centered, and collaborative response to COVID-19 reporting, this paper encourages media resources to focus on the core issue of how to slow or stop COVID-19 transmission effectively.
The management of metastatic GIST: current standard and investigational therapeutics
Authors: Kelly Ciara M. , Gutierrez Sainz Laura , Chi Ping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. The majority of GISTs harbor gain of function mutations in either KIT or PDGFRα. Determination of the GIST molecular subtype upon diagnosis is important because this information informs therapeutic decisions in both the adjuvant and metastatic setting. The management of GIST was revolutionized by the introduction of imatinib, a KIT inhibitor, which has become the standard first line treatment for metastatic GIST. However, despite a clinical benefit rate of 80%, the majority of patients with GIST experience disease progression after 2–3 years of imatinib therapy. Second and third line options include sunitinib and regorafenib, respectively, and yield low response rates and limited clinical benefit. There have been recent FDA approvals for GIST including ripretinib in the fourth-line setting and avapritinib for PDGFRA exon 18-mutant GIST. This article aims to review the optimal treatment approach for the management of patients with advanced GIST. It examines the standard treatment options available but also explores the novel treatment approaches in the setting of imatinib refractory GIST.
Embedding the United Nations sustainable development goals into energy systems analysis: expanding the food–energy–water nexus
Authors: Niet Taco , Arianpoo Nastaran , Kuling Kamaria , Wright Andrew S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
There have been numerous studies that consider the nexus interactions between energy systems, land use, water use and climate adaptation and impacts. These studies have filled a gap in the literature to allow for more effective policymaking by considering the trade-offs between land use, energy infrastructure as well as the use of water for agriculture and providing energy services. Though these studies fill a significant gap in the modelling literature, we argue that more work is needed to effectively consider policy trade-offs between the 17 United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) to avoid missing important interactions.

Results
We examine the 17 SDGs individually to determine if it should be included in a modelling framework and the challenges of doing so. We show that the nexus of climate, land, energy and water needs to be expanded to consider economic well-being of both individuals and the greater economy, health benefits and impacts, as well as land use in terms of both food production and in terms of sustaining ecological diversity and natural capital. Such an expansion will allow energy systems models to better address the trade-offs and synergies inherent in the SDGs. Luckily, although there are some challenges with expanding the nexus in this way, we feel the challenges are generally modest and that many model structures can already incorporate many of these factors without significant modification.
Finally, we argue that SDGs 16 and 17 cannot be met without open-source models and open data to allow for transparent analysis that can be used and reused with a low cost of entry for modellers from less well-off nations.

Conclusions
To effectively address the SDGs, there is a need to expand the common definition of the nexus of climate, land, energy, and water to include the synergies and trade-offs of health impacts, ecological diversity and the system requirements for human and environmental well-being. In most cases, expanding models to be able to incorporate these factors will be relatively straight forward, but open models and analysis are needed to fully support the SDGs.