bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel technique of robotic preperitoneal approach for Morgagni hernia repair
Authors: Gergen Anna K. , Frankel John H. , Weyant Michael J. , Pratap Akshay 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionMorgagni hernia (MH) is a rare, congenital diaphragmatic hernia. We developed a novel robotic‐assisted technique to repair MH which enables dissection into the preperitoneal space, facilitating closure of the diaphragmatic defect and placement of a synthetic mesh.Materials and Surgical TechniqueBetween August 2017 and August 2020, 8 consecutive patients with MH were repaired by robotic‐assisted transabdominal preperitoneal (r‐TAPP) approach. A preperitoneal plane is developed at the level of the falciform ligament and extended toward the diaphragmatic defect. The pocket is dissected inferior to the defect to allow 3 to 5 cm overlap of synthetic mesh. Excision of the hernia sac followed by closure of defect is performed. A synthetic mesh is deployed in the preperitoneal space with wide overlap. This technique using the robot provides superior optics and ergonomics for dissection while isolating the mesh from underlying viscera and avoiding the need for suturing or tacking of the mesh. Data of patients who underwent r‐TAPP were reviewed. Mean operating time was 113 minutes. Mean pain visual analog scale score was 5/2 on post‐operative days 1/7. Average hospital stay was 1.8 days. One patient developed superficial cellulitis related to the abdominal drain. There were no procedure‐related complications, 30‐day readmissions, or hernia recurrences at a mean follow‐up of 10 months.DiscussionA robotic‐assisted preperitoneal approach is a novel, safe, and anatomically justified alternative technique for MH repair that may lead to improved post‐operative outcomes.
Laparoscopic and robotic video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy by the lateral approach
Authors: Jindal Tarun , Meena Monika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionVideo endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) improves on open inguinal node dissection because it offers decreased morbidity. In conventional VEIL, port placement is along the long axis of the femur, above the knee joint. In the laparoscopic approach, this placement is fraught with problems because the camera hits the knee, the surgeon must reach over the camera, and sword fighting occurs between the instruments. In the robotic approach, external collisions are likewise not uncommon because of a lack of optimal spacing between the robot's arms. Here, we describe our lateral approach technique that can be used for both laparoscopic and robotic platforms and can help solve the problems presented by conventional VEIL.MethodsA retrospective review was performed to examine the records of all patients who had undergone VEIL at our institution for management of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Patients who had undergone lateral VEIL were identified. The clinical factors, surgery details, time to discharge and drain removal, postoperative complications, and nodal pathology were recorded.ResultsA total of 30 VEILs—26 laparoscopic and 4 robotic—were performed by the lateral approach. On clinical examination, none of the patients had clinically palpable nodes. The mean operative time on one side was 100 minutes (range, 80‐140 minutes). The blood loss was minimal in all cases, and there were no conversions to open procedures. The mean time to drain removal was 7 days (range, 5‐12 days). Two patients developed bilateral lymphoceles.ConclusionsLateral VEIL is feasible and can be used as an alternative to conventional VEIL.
Proof of pharmacology of Org 48775‐0, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, in healthy volunteers
Authors: Moerland Matthijs , Kales Andrea J. , Broekhuizen Karen , Nässander Ulla , Nelissen Rob , de Kam Marieke L. , Peeters Pierre A.M. , Burggraaf Jacobus 
Published: November 2020

AimTo investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the highly selective oral p38alpha/beta mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor Org 48,775‐0 in a first‐in‐human study.MethodsIn the single ascending dosing (SAD) study, an oral dose of Org 48,775‐0 (0.3‐600 mg) was evaluated in healthy males. In the multiple ascending dosing (MAD) study, levels of 30, 70 and 150 mg were dosed for six consecutive days, twice daily. Both studies were performed in a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over fashion and evaluated pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (ex vivo inhibition of lipopolysaccharide [LPS]‐induced tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) release) and routine clinical and laboratory data. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of Org 48,775‐0 were compared between healthy males and postmenopausal females, and the effect of a standardized fat meal was evaluated.ResultsAll adverse events observed in the SAD (16; dizziness and headache, diarrhoea and catheter‐related phlebitis) and MAD (43; mainly somnolence, dizziness, headache and nasopharyngitis) cohorts were mild, transient and completely reversible. Pharmacokinetics were linear up to single doses of 400 mg. Median Tmax ranged from 0.5 to 1.8 hours, geometric mean for T1/2 from 7.0 to 14.4 hours. Org 48,775‐0 doses equal to and greater than 30 mg significantly inhibited LPS‐induced TNFα release (42.3%; 95% CI = −65.2, −4.3) compared to placebo. In the MAD study, Org 48,775‐0 treatment inhibited LPS‐induced TNFα release during the entire steady‐state period. Levels of inhibition amounted 30‐75% for 30 mg, 53‐80% for 70 mg and 77‐92% for 150 mg Org 48,775‐0.ConclusionOrg 48,775‐0 has the capacity to significantly inhibit MAP kinase activity in humans without safety concerns.
Evaluation of a community‐based early childhood caries (ECC) intervention in Cambodia
Authors: Turton Bathsheba , Durward Callum , Crombie Felicity , Sokal‐Gutierrez Karen , Soeurn Sopharith , Manton David J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo critically evaluate an early childhood caries (ECC) intervention performed by non‐dental primary healthcare providers.MethodsThis mixed‐methods investigation includes data from three sources: (a) a pilot non‐randomized controlled trial to examine clinical outcomes at four health centres; (b) stakeholder focus group interviews; and (c) a survey of parents whose children were exposed to the intervention. The pilot study involved four Community Health Centres in rural Cambodia whereby mother‐child (6‐24 months of age)dyads received oral health education (OHE), toothbrushes, fluoride toothpaste and fluoride varnish on up to six occasions as part of the routine vaccination schedule. Outcomes were as follows: presence of ECC; impacts on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL); stakeholder perceptions of intervention delivery; and parental perceptions of fluoride varnish.ResultsParticipants in the intervention group had six times lower odds of developing ECC than those in the comparison group after controlling for socio‐economic status (OR 0.13). Those in the intervention group also had a large reduction OHRQoL scale scores. Key knowledge and practice gaps were identified among stakeholders. Surveyed parents had favourable views of the fluoride varnish placement by medical professionals, and four out of five stated that they would recommend fluoride varnish for other children. Primary healthcare providers, commune council representatives and community health promoters supported oral health interventions being provided in CHCs.ConclusionsOHE and fluoride varnish interventions provided by non‐dental primary health workers were feasible and acceptable for stakeholders in a Cambodian setting. The intervention group had lower ECC experience and better OHRQoL at 2 years of age.
Identification of BAG2 and Cathepsin D as Plasma Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kang Juhee , Kim Jae Whan , Heo Hansol , Lee Jihyun , Park Kwan Yong , Yoon Jung Han , Chang Jaerak 
Published: November 2020

The current diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) mostly relies on clinical rating scales related to motor dysfunction. Given that clinical symptoms of PD appear after significant neuronal cell death in the brain, it is required to identify accessible, objective, and quantifiable biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD. In this study, a total of 20 patients with idiopathic PD and 20 age‐matched patients with essential tremor according to the UK Brain Bank Criteria were consecutively enrolled to identify peripheral blood biomarkers for PD. Clinical data were obtained by clinical survey and assessment. Using albumin‐depleted and immunoglobulin G‐depleted plasma samples, we performed immunoblot analysis of seven autophagy‐related proteins and compared the levels of proteins to those of the control group. We also analyzed the correlation between the levels of candidate proteins and clinical characteristics. Finally, we validated our biomarker models using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We found that the levels of BCL2‐associated athanogene 2 (BAG2) and cathepsin D were significantly decreased in plasma of patients with PD (P = 0.009 and P = 0.0077, respectively). The level of BAG2 in patients with PD was significantly correlated with Cross‐Culture Smell Identification Test score, which indicates olfactory dysfunction. We found that our biomarker model distinguishes PD with 87.5% diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.875, P < 0.0001). Our result suggests BAG2 and cathepsin D as candidates for early‐diagnosis plasma biomarkers for PD. We provide the possibility of plasma biomarkers related to the autophagy pathway, by which decreased levels of BAG2 and cathepsin D might lead to dysfunction of autophagy.
Effects on the Ocular Surface from Reading on Different Smartphone Screens: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Yuan Kelan , Zhu Haiping , Mou Yujie , Wu Yaying , He Jingliang , Huang Xiaodan , Jin Xiuming 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of smartphone reading on the ocular surface and to compare the various effects of different screens and light conditions on the ocular surface. One hundred nineteen volunteers were randomly divided into: light + organic light‐emitting diode (OLED), light + electronic ink (eINK), dark + OLED, and dark + eINK. Ocular surface examinations, including noninvasive break‐up time (NIBUT), noninvasive keratograph tear meniscus height (NIKTMH), ocular redness, fluorescein break‐up time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining, meibomian gland assessment, Schirmer I Test, and blinking frequency, were performed before and after a reading task. Symptoms were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS‐Q). NIBUT and FBUT were decreased statistically significantly after participants read on an OLED screen for 2 hours compared with the baseline in light and dark environments, whereas no statistically significant decrease was observed on an eINK screen. NIKTMH was statistically significantly decreased after reading on an OLED screen in light and dark settings, and the eINK screen had a lesser effect on NIKTMH. An obvious increase in the ocular redness, OSDI and CVS‐Q scores was observed after reading on an OLED screen, whereas the eINK screen had a lesser effect on these indicators. Blink rate increased gradually in OLED subgroups during the reading task, whereas no statistically significant difference was observed in the eINK subgroups. Our research suggested that reading on an OLED screen can cause ocular surface disorder and obvious subjective discomfort, whereas reading on an eINK screen can minimize ocular surface disorder in both dark and light environments.
Vicariance and ecological adaptation drive genetic and morphological diversification of a widely distributed bug,Carbula crassiventris(Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in South China
Authors: Liu Huaxi , Liang Jingyu , Zhou Jiayue , Wang Shujing , Bu Wenjun 
Published: November 2020

1. Vicariance and ecological adaptation are two evolutionary mechanisms that can generate biodiversity. Evidence from recent studies has shown that the patterns of genetic variation of species distributed in South China are influenced by the Taiwan Strait and/or the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP).2. This study sequenced three mitochondrial and one nuclear genes from 174 individualsCarbula crassiventrisand conducted phylogenetic and phylogeographical analyses, asymmetric gene flow estimation, intraspecific divergence time and historical demographic reconstruction, morphological comparison, ecological niche modelling (ENM), and isolation‐by‐distance (IBD) and isolation‐by‐environment (IBE) modelling to test if vicariance and ecological adaptation jointly affected biogeographic patterns in South China.3. According to the results of phylogenetic and phylogeographical analyses,C. crassiventriswas divided into three populations (Mainland, Xizang, and Taiwan). Asymmetric gene flows were detected from the Mainland to Xizang populations and from the Mainland to Taiwan populations. Morphological comparison showed that the individuals from the three defined populations have significant differences in four variables. The ENM results suggested that suitable habitat has expanded from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present. Partial Mantel tests indicated that individuals in the Mainland population were not dispersal‐limited, regardless of geographic or environmental distance, but that a significant IBE relationship was present in the Mainland–Xizang lineage. When including the Taiwan population in the dataset, significant IBD and IBE relationships were detected.4. This study revealed that both vicariance, with the Taiwan Strait as a geographical barrier, and ecological adaptation, in both the QTP and Taiwan, jointly influence population divergence ofC. crassiventris.
Species–habitat networks elucidate landscape effects on habitat specialisation of natural enemies and pollinators
Authors: Lami Francesco , Bartomeus Ignasi , Nardi Davide , Beduschi Tatiane , Boscutti Francesco , Pantini Paolo , Santoiemma Giacomo , Scherber Christoph , Tscharntke Teja , Marini Lorenzo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMeasuring habitat specialisation is pivotal for predicting species extinctions and for understanding consequences on ecosystem functioning. Here, we sampled pollinator and natural enemy communities in all major habitat types occurring across multiple agricultural landscapes and used species–habitat networks to determine how habitat specialisation changed along gradients in landscape composition and configuration. Although it is well known that landscape simplification often causes the replacement of specialists with generalists, our study provided evidence for intraspecific variation in habitat specialisation, highlighting how a large number of arthropod species adapted their way of selecting habitat resources depending on the landscape structure. Groups with higher diet specialisation and limited foraging flexibility appeared to have a reduced ability to respond to landscape changes, indicating that some arthropod taxa are better able than others to adapt to an increasingly broad set of resources and persist in highly impacted landscapes.
Of democratic governance and revenue: Participatory institutions and tax generation in Brazil
Authors: Touchton Michael , Wampler Brian , Peixoto Tiago 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGovernments around the world often struggle to collect tax revenues, thus undermining their ability to build functioning states, deliver basic public goods, and improve human development. This problem is especially acute in the Global South. Within the broader context of representative democracy, many local governments increasingly adopt participatory institutions in the hope that they will improve government responsiveness, service delivery, and their electoral opportunities. We address gaps in knowledge on participatory institutions and tax collection by asking two critical questions: to what extent (if any) do these reforms improve local governance? And how would we know? We draw from an original database on Brazilian Municipalities that includes fiscal, political, and state capacity variables. We find that municipal governments that adopt participatory institutions generate higher tax revenues than comparable governments without these institutions. This article thus provides a novel, thorough assessment of how new participatory institutions affect governance and revenue‐generation.
Writing with rocks
Authors: Valtonen Anu , Pullen Alison 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Rocks. Geological forces across time and space. Non‐human beings.Humans. Affect material encounters with rocks.Connecting. Being. Writing… From the Artic to Eastern Finland. From Sydney to Kangaroo Island, Australia. From the north to the south, and back again.Corporeal, affective. These rocks live with and through us. Touching rocks—rocks touch us. Bodies—rocks, co‐constituted in life.Disrupting. Non‐violent. Ethico‐political acts of writing. Writing rocks.Humans become geologic forces. Care. Response‐able.
The “living dead” within “death‐worlds”: Gender crisis and covid‐19 in India
Authors: Chakraborty Debadrita 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe onset of the covid‐19 pandemic and the ensuing lockdown have not only impacted the political, structural, and economic systems in India but have also engendered the growing rift between the poor and the rich, the upper and the lower classes, and the rural and the urban sections of the population. Within the nation's marginalized category, it is women who have suffered most forms of oppression. Having held a subordinate position to their male counterparts within the gender hierarchy, Indian women since the colonial times have had to bear systemic oppression at the hands of the state, caste, class, gender, and religious hegemons. During the pandemic, for women such forms of subordination were followed by socioeconomic uncertainties resulting from the economic shutdown, loss of jobs, and labor oppressions. Gender disparities resulting from class, caste and minority marginalization during the pandemic crisis have further widened the socio‐cultural, economic, and political inequalities within the country. Taking cue from the gender crisis in India catalyzed by the pandemic and the ensuing lockdown, in this study, I aim to explore India's “unequal” transition to the post covid‐19 world order, studying gender inequality, violence and injustices from biopolitical and necropolitical lens. The framework of biopolitics and necropolitics, formulated by Foucault and Mbembe respectively have made significant contributions (following the pandemic outbreak) toward understanding how the state and social mechanisms of power that ideally should administer and foster life, guaranteeing health. and productivity of populations is currently pushing them into precarious living situations and conferring upon them the status of “living‐dead”.
Dispersal constraints on the potential distribution of cold‐adapted stag beetles (genus Platycerus) in Japan and the implications of climate change
Authors: Zhang Sheng‐Nan , Kubota Kôhei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The effects of climate change on species distribution are typically inferred based on species distribution models (SDMs) that do not account for the dispersal ability of species.
Here we investigated the utility of dispersal ability measures in predicting the distribution of 10 Platycerus species in Japan, which are cold‐adapted stag beetles sharing ecological and morphological features.
We generated three SDMs based on environmental variables without dispersal constraint and incorporating two alternative dispersal constraint scenarios. We compared these three models with respect to SDM performance and the predicted degree of range overlap between neighbouring species. Using the best models among three SDMs, we predicted range shifts under climate change. Additionally, we characterised environmental differences among species distributional areas.
Our results revealed that models incorporating dispersal constraints had better predictive performance. Platycerus delicatulus occupied a largest suitable habitat and P. sue had a narrow range in Japan. Most of Platycerus taxa in 2070 were predicted to lose large portions of present suitable areas. Moreover, environment was confirmed to affect the distribution of the targeted species.
Incorporating dispersal ability to better understand the effects of climate change on the species ranges is a crucial step towards developing policies for insect management and conservation of vulnerable species.
Adiposity, psychomotor and behaviour outcomes of children born after maternal bariatric surgery
Authors: Van De Maele Karolien , Bogaerts Annick , De Schepper Jean , Provyn Steven , Ceulemans Dries , Guelinckx Isabelle , Gies Inge , Devlieger Roland 
Published: November 2020

SummaryBackgroundBariatric surgery before pregnancy can result in improved maternal fertility. However, long‐term data on the consequences at childhood age are currently lacking.MethodsEFFECTOR is a prospective cohort study of children (aged 4 to 11 years) born to mothers who underwent bariatric surgery (BS) before pregnancy (n = 36), controls with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) matched on pre‐pregnancy BMI (n = 36) and normal weight controls (NL) (n = 35). We performed prospective collection of anthropometric data, data on psychomotor development, school functioning and behaviour (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL)).ResultsThe children born after bariatric surgery (BS) presented with the highest body‐weight SDS (0.70 vs 0.14 in OW/OB and −0.09 in NL; P = .006) and BMI SDS (0.47 vs −0.02 in OW/OB and −0.42 in NL; P = .01). A higher excess in body fat percentage and waist circumference SDS were found in the BS group (5.7 vs 1.4 in OW/OB and −0.1 in NL; P < .001 and 0.61 vs 0.16 in OW/OB and −0.15 in NL; P = .04). The SDQ questionnaires revealed a higher amount of overall problems in the BS offspring (11.1 vs 7.5 in OW/OB and 8.1 in NL; P = .03), with a higher externalizing score at the CBCL (52.0 vs 44.2 in OW/OB and 47.0 in NL; P = .03).ConclusionMaternal bariatric surgery does not appear to protect the offspring for childhood overweight and obesity. Parents reported more behaviour problems in these children, especially externally of nature.
Age‐related changes in blood pressure and heart rates of patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Shindo Kazumasa , Morishima Yuto , Suwa Yumi , Fukao Toko , Kurita Takafumi , Satake Akane , Tsuchiya Mai , Ichinose Yuta , Hata Takanori , Koh Kishin , Nagasaka Takamura , Takiyama Yoshihisa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated yearly changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rates (HR) for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Data were collected for the last 10 years from medical records of 28 PD patients and 30 non‐PD patients with other neurological disorders. Age‐related changes in each group were analyzed by year using mean values of SBP, DBP, and HR obtained at their bi‐monthly visits. In results, PD patients had a gradual decrease in SBP with longer disease duration, and mean SBP significantly decreased from Year 7–11 compared to the mean values for Year 1 (p < .001 or p < .01). In non‐PD patients, mean SBP significantly increased from Year 4–11 compared to the mean values for Year 1 (p < .001 or p < .01). This is the first study to report age‐related changes of BP in individual patients with PD over 10 years.