bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting assemblages of seabirds in the subglacial meltwater plume and oceanic water of Bowdoin Fjord, northwestern Greenland
Authors: Nishizawa Bungo , Kanna Naoya , Abe Yoshiyuki , Ohashi Yoshihiko , Sakakibara Daiki , Asaji Izumi , Sugiyama Shin , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Watanuki Yutaka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn Greenland, tidewater glaciers discharge turbid subglacial freshwater into fjords, forming plumes near the calving fronts, and these areas serve as an important foraging habitat for seabirds. To investigate the effect of subglacial discharge on the foraging assemblages of surface feeders and divers in a glacial fjord, we conducted boat-based seabird surveys, near-surface zooplankton samplings, and hydrographic measurements at Bowdoin Fjord, northwestern Greenland in July. Foraging surface feeders (black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla, glaucous gull Larus hyperboreus, and northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis) aggregated within a plume-affected area in front of Bowdoin Glacier. This area was characterized by highly turbid subglacial meltwater and abundant large-sized zooplankton including Calanus hyperboreus, chaetognaths, and ctenophores near the surface. Surface feeders fed on these aggregated prey presumably transported to the surface by strong upwelling of subglacial meltwater. In contrast, divers (little auk Alle alle, thick-billed murre Uria lomvia, and black guillemot Cepphus grylle) foraged outside the fjord, where turbidity was low and jellyfish and Calanus copepods dominated under the influence of Atlantic water. Our study indicates spatial segregation between surface feeders and divers in a glacial fjord; surface feeders are not hindered by turbidity if taking prey at the surface, whereas divers need clear water.
Why do voters choose corrupt candidates? The role of ideology on cognitive mechanisms
Authors: Barros Lucia , Goldszmidt Rafael , Pereira Carlos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere is evidence that people vote for corrupt candidates even when they have information that their representatives have been engaged in corruption in the past. Based on a survey experiment in Brazil, we find evidence that ideology is an important factor to explain this voting behavior. We also found evidence of two psychological mechanisms that explain this effect: a change in perception of corruption and a cognitive cost-benefit evaluation. This study expanded previous findings, showing that ideology can affect voting behavior when there is information about corruption even in a country where voters are supposedly less loyal to a single party.
Comparative Corrective Action: Perceived Media Bias and Political Action in 17 Countries
Authors: Barnidge Matthew , Rojas Hernando , Beck Paul A , Schmitt-Beck Rüdiger 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe corrective action hypothesis predicts that people will take political action in response to media content they perceive to be biased against them, and evidence has accumulated in favor of it. However, research has not yet investigated the hypothesis in comparative context. This study fills that gap in the literature, relying on the Comparative National Election Project (N = 23,527), and analyzing data from 17 countries. Results show evidence of an overall positive relationship between perceived media bias and political action, and they also show evidence that this relationship varies in strength between countries. Moreover, press freedom partially explains this variation. Results are discussed in light of the theory of corrective action and recent trends in political participation worldwide.
Conformally Symmetric Triangular Lattices and Discrete ϑ-Conformal Maps
Authors: Bücking Ulrike 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two immersed triangulations in the plane with the same combinatorics are considered as preimage and image of a discrete immersion $F$. We compare the cross-ratios $Q$ and $q$ of corresponding pairs of adjacent triangles in the two triangulations. If for every pair the arguments of these cross-ratios (i.e., intersection angles of circumcircles) agree, $F$ is a discrete conformal map based on circle patterns. Similarly, if for every pair the absolute values of the corresponding cross-ratios $Q$ and $q$ (i.e., length cross-ratios) agree, the two triangulations are discretely conformally equivalent. We introduce a new notion, discrete $\vartheta $-conformal maps, which interpolates between these two known notions of discrete conformality for planar triangulations. We prove that there exists an associated variational principle. In particular, discrete $\vartheta $-conformal maps are unique maximizers of a locally defined concave functional ${\mathcal{F}}_{\vartheta}$in suitable variables. Furthermore, we study conformally symmetric triangular lattices that contain examples of discrete $\vartheta $-conformal maps.
Prevalence and outcome of bloodstream infections due to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Lester Rebecca , Musicha Patrick , van Ginneken Nadja , Dramowski Angela , Hamer Davidson H , Garner Paul , Feasey Nicholas A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA) is high and antimicrobial resistance is likely to increase mortality from these infections. Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) Enterobacteriaceae are of particular concern, given the widespread reliance on ceftriaxone for management of sepsis in Africa.ObjectivesReviewing studies from sSA, we aimed to describe the prevalence of 3GC resistance in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Salmonella BSIs and the in-hospital mortality from 3GC-R BSIs.MethodsWe systematically reviewed studies reporting 3GC susceptibility testing of E. coli, Klebsiella and Salmonella BSI. We searched PubMed and Scopus from January 1990 to September 2019 for primary data reporting 3GC susceptibility testing of Enterobacteriaceae associated with BSI in sSA and studies reporting mortality from 3GC-R BSI. 3GC-R was defined as phenotypic resistance to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime or ceftazidime. Outcomes were reported as median prevalence of 3GC resistance for each pathogen.ResultsWe identified 40 articles, including 7 reporting mortality. Median prevalence of 3GC resistance in E. coli was 18.4% (IQR 10.5 to 35.2) from 20 studies and in Klebsiella spp. was 54.4% (IQR 24.3 to 81.2) from 28 studies. Amongst non-typhoidal salmonellae, 3GC resistance was 1.9% (IQR 0 to 6.1) from 12 studies. A pooled mortality estimate was prohibited by heterogeneity.ConclusionsLevels of 3GC resistance amongst bloodstream Enterobacteriaceae in sSA are high, yet the mortality burden is unknown. The lack of clinical outcome data from drug-resistant infections in Africa represents a major knowledge gap and future work must link laboratory surveillance to clinical data.
Reproductive Potential and Nutritional Composition of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Prepupae Reared on Different Organic Wastes
Authors: Wang Sheng Yin , Wu Lingli , Li Baoling , Zhang Dayu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHermetia illucens L. (the black soldier fly) has received increased attention because of its great potential in converting organic waste into a renewable resource. The prepupae have high proportions of proteins and fats and can serve as feedstuff for livestock and as feedstock for biodiesel production. With the goal to upgrade the conversion of low-value organic wastes into high-value proteins and fat on a large scale, the effects of the feedstuffs food waste, pig manure, chicken manure, and cow dung on the reproductive potential and nutrient composition of H. illucens were evaluated. The intrinsic rate of increase of H. illucens fed food waste (0.1249 d−1) was significantly greater than the rate of those fed pig manure (0.1167 d−1), chicken manure (0.1154 d−1), and cow dung (0.1049 d−1). The ash content of H. illucens fed food waste (30.8 g·kg−1 lyophilized prepupa matter (LPM)) was significantly lower than that of those fed chicken manure (37.6 g·kg−1 LPM) and cow dung (49.5 g·kg−1 LPM). The contents of crude fat, 372.4 g·kg−1 LPM, and protein, 436.9 g·kg−1 LPM, in prepupae fed food waste were the highest among the four treatments. The reproductive performance and prepupal nutrient composition indicated that food waste was the most suitable feed for H. illucens. The results from this study further demonstrate that the prepupae of H. illucens have great potential for use as a protein and fat source in animal feeds and as biodiesel material.
Investigation of a critical choke during hydraulic-fracture flowback for a tight sandstone gas reservoir
Authors: Huang Jiachen , Hu Jinghong , Zeng Wenting , Zhang Yuan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Low porosity and permeability in a tight sandstone gas reservoir can cause problems during fracturing. If the fracturing fluid cannot be discharged in a timely fashion after fracturing, the fracturing fluid will move into the deep formation and result in secondary damage. Conversely, if the flowback rate of the fracturing fluid is too high, it will cause the proppant to backflow and reduce the efficiency of fracturing operation. Therefore, it is very important to control the choke sizes and flowback rates for the flowback process of a tight sandstone reservoir. In this study, a model of the time of the closed fracture considering the principle of material balance is built. Subsequently, the relationship between the wellhead pressure and the optimum diameter of the choke at different times is obtained using hydrodynamics and particle dynamics theory. Finally, the proposed optimization method is applied to an actual well from the Xinjiang tight gas reservoirs. Results show that a choke diameter can be reasonably optimized under different wellhead pressures, and that fracturing fluid flows back as much as possible and without proppant backflow. A sound design of a fracturing fluid flowback system is also provided. This study presents the mechanism of post-fracturing management and provides a better understanding of the flowback system in tight gas reservoirs.
Analysis of the Kozeny–Carman model based on pore networks
Authors: Han Dongyan , Wang Ziming , Wang Qilin , Wu Bohao , Yu Tao , Wang Dayong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Kozeny–Carman (KC) model is commonly used to predict permeability (k) but sometimes presents obvious predictive deviations. Comparatively, k prediction based on pore networks could more effectively describe the dependence of k on porous structure and accordingly shows high accuracy and reliability. This triggers us to examine the rationality of the KC assumptions about the pore structure and analyze the model applicability according to the pore networks. Two glass bead packs, a sintered glass bead plate and a Berea core are measured using computed tomography imaging and their pore parameters are accordingly calculated. Their pore parameters are obviously distinct, generally reflecting the progressively stronger roles of particle size, compaction-alike sintering and weak cementation in reducing porosity (ϕ), k, pore and pore throat radii (rp and rt). When correlating the pore parameters of the KC model to those of the pore networks, it is found that the specific surface area (av) has no specific relation to rp and rt and that pore structures could be distinct despite the equivalent av. Thus, av is insufficient to distinguish the differences in pore geometry and reflects their influence on k. An analysis of the modified KC equations of our cores and the ϕ−k relationships of some relative homogeneous reservoir rocks (e.g. silty sandstone and Fontainebleau sands) indicates that the variety of the ϕ−k relationships induced by such factors as particle size and pore radius could not be fully predicted by the KC model in some cases, especially when the ϕ is relatively low.
Phylogeography, Population Structure, and Species Delimitation in Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocomeandEudyptes moseleyi)
Authors: Mays Herman L , Oehler David A , Morrison Kyle W , Morales Ariadna E , Lycans Alyssa , Perdue Justin , Battley Phil F , Cherel Yves , Chilvers B Louise , Crofts Sarah , Demongin Laurent , Fry W Roger , Hiscock Jo , Kusch Alejandro , Marin Manuel , Poisbleau Maud , Quillfeldt Petra , Raya Rey Andrea , Steinfurth Antje , Thompson David R , Weakley Leonard A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRockhopper penguins are delimited as 2 species, the northern rockhopper (Eudyptes moseleyi) and the southern rockhopper (Eudyptes chrysocome), with the latter comprising 2 subspecies, the western rockhopper (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) and the eastern rockhopper (Eudyptes chrysocome filholi). We conducted a phylogeographic study using multilocus data from 114 individuals sampled across 12 colonies from the entire range of the northern/southern rockhopper complex to assess potential population structure, gene flow, and species limits. Bayesian and likelihood methods with nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, including model testing and heuristic approaches, support E. moseleyi and E. chrysocome as distinct species lineages with a divergence time of 0.97 Ma. However, these analyses also indicated the presence of gene flow between these species. Among southern rockhopper subspecies, we found evidence of significant gene flow and heuristic approaches to species delimitation based on the genealogical diversity index failed to delimit them as species. The best-supported population models for the southern rockhoppers were those where E. c. chrysocome and E. c. filholi were combined into a single lineage or 2 lineages with bidirectional gene flow. Additionally, we found that E. c. filholi has the highest effective population size while E. c. chrysocome showed similar effective population size to that of the endangered E. moseleyi. We suggest that the current taxonomic definitions within rockhopper penguins be upheld and that E. chrysocome populations, all found south of the subtropical front, should be treated as a single taxon with distinct management units for E. c. chrysocome and E. c. filholi.
A novel fuzzy metaheuristic approach in nurse rerostering problem
Authors: Simić Svetlana , Corchado Emilio , Simić Dragan , Đorđević Jovanka , Simić Svetislav D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the past 50 years nurse scheduling has received considerable attention in the research community. There are two cases regarding the nurse scheduling problem (NSP): the static and dynamic. Dynamic NSP, is often called nurse rerostering problem (NRRP), which presents reconstruction or modification of the predetermined roster for the current scheduling horizon. The aim of this paper is to present new hybrid strategy for nurse NRRP problem. The proposed methodology is based on efficient cooperation between fuzzy logic, ordered weighted averaging and variable neighbourhood descent search. Complete system is tested, and experimental results are based on real-world dataset obtained from the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina in Serbia.
Influenza Vaccine Requirements in United States Child Care Centers
Authors: Shope Timothy R , Walker Benjamin H , Aird Laura , Southward Linda , Martin Judith M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Influenza vaccine is the most effective means to prevent influenza for the high-risk population of child care attendees. This national survey assessed child care center directors’ reports of seasonal influenza vaccine requirements for children and adult caregivers.

Methods
This was a 2016 telephone-based survey of child care center directors randomly selected from a national database of licensed United States child care centers and queried about influenza vaccine requirements. Conceptually related items were grouped into 4 indexes: general infection control, use of health consultants, quality of child care, and pandemic influenza preparedness. These indexes, along with other center and director characteristics, were used to predict director-reported influenza vaccine requirements.

Results
Of 518 child care center directors, only 24.5% and 13.1% reported an influenza vaccine requirement for children and adult caregivers, respectively. Center and director characteristics and the indexes were not associated with a director-reported influenza vaccine requirement. After adjusting for covariates, only having a state influenza vaccine law for children and an adult influenza vaccine requirement predicted having a child influenza vaccine requirement. Only having a child influenza vaccine requirement predicted having an adult vaccine requirement.

Conclusions
Director-reported influenza vaccine requirements for children and adult caregivers were influenced primarily by state influenza vaccine laws. Given the high risk of children in child care and low director-reported influenza vaccine requirements, more states should pass laws requiring influenza vaccine for children and adult caregivers at child care programs.
Purifying Selection in Corvids Is Less Efficient on Islands
Authors: Kutschera Verena E , Poelstra Jelmer W , Botero-Castro Fidel , Dussex Nicolas , Gemmell Neil J , Hunt Gavin R , Ritchie Michael G , Rutz Christian , Wiberg R Axel W , Wolf Jochen B W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Theory predicts that deleterious mutations accumulate more readily in small populations. As a consequence, mutation load is expected to be elevated in species where life-history strategies and geographic or historical contingencies reduce the number of reproducing individuals. Yet, few studies have empirically tested this prediction using genome-wide data in a comparative framework. We collected whole-genome sequencing data for 147 individuals across seven crow species (Corvus spp.). For each species, we estimated the distribution of fitness effects of deleterious mutations and compared it with proxies of the effective population size Ne. Island species with comparatively smaller geographic range sizes had a significantly increased mutation load. These results support the view that small populations have an elevated risk of mutational meltdown, which may contribute to the higher extinction rates observed in island species.
Computational Framework for High-Quality Production and Large-Scale Evolutionary Analysis of Metagenome Assembled Genomes
Authors: Murovec Boštjan , Deutsch Leon , Stres Blaz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Microbial species play important roles in different environments and the production of high-quality genomes from metagenome data sets represents a major obstacle to understanding their ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Metagenome-Assembled Genomes Orchestra (MAGO) is a computational framework that integrates and simplifies metagenome assembly, binning, bin improvement, bin quality (completeness and contamination), bin annotation, and evolutionary placement of bins via detailed maximum-likelihood phylogeny based on multiple marker genes using different amino acid substitution models, next to average nucleotide identity analysis of genomes for delineation of species boundaries and operational taxonomic units. MAGO offers streamlined execution of the entire metagenomics pipeline, error checking, computational resource distribution and compatibility of data formats, governed by user-tailored pipeline processing. MAGO is an open-source-software package released in three different ways, as a singularity image and a Docker container for HPC purposes as well as for running MAGO on a commodity hardware, and a virtual machine for gaining a full access to MAGO underlying structure and source code. MAGO is open to suggestions for extensions and is amenable for use in both research and teaching of genomics and molecular evolution of genomes assembled from small single-cell projects or large-scale and complex environmental metagenomes.
Eutherian-Specific Gene TRIML2 Attenuates Inflammation in the Evolution of Placentation
Authors: Zhang Xuzhe , Pavlicev Mihaela , Jones Helen N , Muglia Louis J 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEvolution of highly invasive placentation in the stem lineage of eutherians and subsequent extension of pregnancy set eutherians apart from other mammals, that is, marsupials with short-lived placentas, and oviparous monotremes. Recent studies suggest that eutherian implantation evolved from marsupial attachment reaction, an inflammatory process induced by the direct contact of fetal placenta with maternal endometrium after the breakdown of the shell coat, and shortly before the onset of parturition. Unique to eutherians, a dramatic downregulation of inflammation after implantation prevents the onset of premature parturition, and is critical for the maintenance of gestation. This downregulation likely involved evolutionary changes on maternal as well as fetal/placental side. Tripartite-motif family-like2 (TRIML2) only exists in eutherian genomes and shows preferential expression in preimplantation embryos, and trophoblast-derived structures, such as chorion and placental disc. Comparative genomic evidence supports that TRIML2 originated from a gene duplication event in the stem lineage of Eutheria that also gave rise to eutherian TRIML1. Compared with TRIML1, TRIML2 lost the catalytic RING domain of E3 ligase. However, only TRIML2 is induced in human choriocarcinoma cell line JEG3 with poly(I:C) treatment to simulate inflammation during viral infection. Its knockdown increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines and reduces trophoblast survival during poly(I:C) stimulation, while its overexpression reduces proinflammatory cytokine production, supporting TRIML2’s role as a regulatory inhibitor of the inflammatory pathways in trophoblasts. TRIML2’s potential virus-interacting PRY/SPRY domain shows significant signature of selection, suggesting its contribution to the evolution of eutherian-specific inflammation regulation during placentation.
Sulfur-centered hemi-bond radicals as active intermediates in S-DNA phosphorothioate oxidation
Authors: Jie Jialong , Xia Ye , Huang Chun-Hua , Zhao Hongmei , Yang Chunfan , Liu Kunhui , Song Di , Zhu Ben-Zhan , Su Hongmei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Phosphorothioate (PS) modifications naturally appear in bacteria and archaea genome and are widely used as antisense strategy in gene therapy. But the chemical effects of PS introduction as a redox active site into DNA (S-DNA) is still poorly understood. Herein, we perform time-resolved spectroscopy to examine the underlying mechanisms and dynamics of the PS oxidation by potent radicals in free model, in dinucleotide, and in S-oligomer. The crucial sulphur-centered hemi-bonded intermediates -P–S∴S–P- were observed and found to play critical roles leading to the stable adducts of -P–S–S–P-, which are backbone DNA lesion products. Moreover, the oxidation of the PS moiety in dinucleotides d[GPSG], d[APSA], d[GPSA], d[APSG] and in S-oligomers was monitored in real-time, showing that PS oxidation can compete with adenine but not with guanine. Significantly, hole transfer process from A+• to PS and concomitant -P–S∴S–P- formation was observed, demonstrating the base-to-backbone hole transfer unique to S-DNA, which is different from the normally adopted backbone-to-base hole transfer in native DNA. These findings reveal the distinct backbone lesion pathway brought by the PS modification and also imply an alternative -P–S∴S–P-/-P–S–S–P- pathway accounting for the interesting protective role of PS as an oxidation sacrifice in bacterial genome.