bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disruption of the RNA modifications that target the ribosome translation machinery in human cancer
Authors: Janin Maxime , Coll-SanMartin Laia , Esteller Manel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGenetic and epigenetic changes deregulate RNA and protein expression in cancer cells. In this regard, tumors exhibit an abnormal proteome in comparison to the corresponding normal tissues. Translation control is a crucial step in the regulation of gene expression regulation under normal and pathological conditions that ultimately determines cellular fate. In this context, evidence shows that transfer and ribosomal RNA (tRNA and rRNA) modifications affect the efficacy and fidelity of translation. The number of RNA modifications increases with the complexity of organisms, suggesting an evolutionary diversification of the possibilities for fine-tuning the functions of coding and non-coding RNAs. In this review, we focus on alterations of modifications of transfer and ribosomal RNA that affect translation in human cancer. This variation in the RNA modification status can be the result of altered modifier expression (writers, readers or erasers), but also due to components of the machineries (C/D or H/ACA boxes) or alterations of proteins involved in modifier expression. Broadening our understanding of the mechanisms by which site-specific modifications modulate ribosome activity in the context of tumorigenesis will enable us to enrich our knowledge about how ribosomes can influence cell fate and form the basis of new therapeutic opportunities.
Adjunctive corticosteroids may be associated with better outcome for non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia with respiratory failure: a systemic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Ding Lin , Huang Huixue , Wang Heyan , He Hangyong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Evidence supporting corticosteroids adjunctive treatment (CAT) for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV patients is highly controversial. We aimed to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis of available data relating to the effect of CAT on mortality of PCP in non-HIV patients.

Methods
We searched Pubmed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane database from 1989 through 2019. Data on clinical outcomes from non-HIV PCP were extracted with a standardized instrument. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 index. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a fixed effects model. We analyzed the impact of CAT on mortality of non-HIV PCP in the whole PCP population, those who had hypoxemia (PaO2 < 70 mmHg) and who had respiratory failure (PaO2 < 60 mmHg).

Results
In total, 259 articles were identified, and 2518 cases from 16 retrospective observational studies were included. In all non-HIV PCP cases included, there was an association between CAT and increased mortality (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval 1.07–1.75; P = 0.01). CAT showed a probable benefit of decreasing mortality in hypoxemic non-HIV PCP patients (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval 0.47–1.01; P = 0.05). Furthermore, in a subgroup analysis, CAT showed a significantly lower mortality in non-HIV PCP patients with respiratory failure compared to no CAT (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval 0.41–0.95; P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Our meta-analysis suggests that among non-HIV PCP patients with respiratory failure, CAT use may be associated with better clinical outcomes, and it may be associated with increased mortality in unselected non-HIV PCP population. Clinical trials are needed to compare CAT vs no-CAT in non-HIV PCP patients with respiratory failure. Furthermore, CAT use should be withheld in non-HIV PCP patients without hypoxemia.
Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for occlusive atherosclerotic disease of the anterior cerebral circulation: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bai Xuesong , Feng Yao , Yang Kun , Wang Tao , Luo Jichang , Wang Xue , Ling Feng , Ma Yan , Jiao Liqun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Occlusive atherosclerotic disease of the anterior cerebral circulation is one of the most common causes of anterior circulation ischemia and stroke. Treatment options include medical therapies (including antiplatelet use, blood pressure control, lipid reduction, and lifestyle modification) and extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery (such as superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass). However, the optimal treatment remains unclear. The objective of this study will be to compare the efficacy of and extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery with that of other medical therapy in adult patients with occlusive atherosclerotic disease of the anterior cerebral circulation.

Methods
This is the study protocol for a systematic review. We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (from January 1980 onwards). We will include randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies (non-randomized, interrupted time series), and observational studies (e.g., cohort studies and case-control studies), examining the efficacy of extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery compared to other treatments for adult patients with occlusive atherosclerotic disease of anterior cerebral circulation. Two team members will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. The primary outcome will include stroke or death. The secondary outcomes will include intracranial hemorrhage, transient ischemic attack, and myocardial infarction. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using appropriate tools. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g., study design, geographical location, or risk of bias).

Discussion
This review will evaluate the evidence on the efficacy of extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for adult patients with occlusive atherosclerotic disease of the anterior cerebral circulation. We anticipate that our findings will be of interest to patients, their families, caregivers, healthcare professionals, and in making optimal treatment selection. Implications for future clinical and epidemiological research will be discussed.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42018105513
Neuroimaging and analytical methods for studying the pathways from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease: protocol for a rapid systematic review
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Maryam , Christie Gregory J. , Cosco Theodore D. , Moreno Sylvain 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder commonly associated with deficits of cognition and changes in behavior. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the prodromal stage of AD that is defined by slight cognitive decline. Not all with MCI progress to AD dementia. Thus, the accurate prediction of progression to Alzheimer’s, particularly in the stage of MCI could potentially offer developing treatments to delay or prevent the transition process. The objective of the present study is to investigate the most recent neuroimaging procedures in the domain of prediction of transition from MCI to AD dementia for clinical applications and to systematically discuss the machine learning techniques used for the prediction of MCI conversion.

Methods
Electronic databases including PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science will be searched from January 1, 2017, to the date of search commencement to provide a rapid review of the most recent studies that have investigated the prediction of conversion from MCI to Alzheimer’s using neuroimaging modalities in randomized trial or observational studies. Two reviewers will screen full texts of included papers using predefined eligibility criteria. Studies will be included if addressed research on AD dementia and MCI, explained the results in a way that would be able to report the performance measures such as the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Only studies addressed Alzheimer’s type of dementia and its early-stage MCI using neuroimaging modalities will be included. We will exclude other forms of dementia such as vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinson’s disease. The risk of bias in individual studies will be appraised using an appropriate tool. If feasible, we will conduct a random effects meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity.

Discussion
The information gathered in our study will establish the extent of the evidence underlying the prediction of conversion to AD dementia from its early stage and will provide a rigorous and updated synthesis of neuroimaging modalities allied with the data analysis techniques used to measure the brain changes during the conversion process.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO,CRD42019133402
Headquarter resource allocation strategies and subsidiary competitive or cooperative behavior: achieving a fit for value creation
Authors: Dellestrand Henrik , Kappen Philip , Lindahl Olof 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntegrating insights from the literature on the multinational corporation into current perspectives on resource allocation, we argue that the ability of headquarters to create value through resource allocation to subsidiaries within the multinational corporation is contingent on the complementary fit between the resource allocation strategy and the dominant behavior of the receivers of the resources. We expound on a theory and an explanation for the volatility of value creation generated by headquarter resource allocation that includes multiple layers of hierarchy. As a corollary, we extend and contribute to the theorizing on headquarters-subsidiary relations and resource allocation by illustrating different scenarios of the resource allocation process. More specifically, we develop a two-by-two matrix of the resource allocation process that corresponds to different resource allocation strategies of headquarters (winner-picking and cross-subsidization) and subsidiary behavior (collaboration or competition) in multinational corporations. We argue that, depending on which scenario within the matrix is brought to the fore, our understanding of how the resource allocation process plays out between headquarters and subsidiaries will differ and therefore influence value creation within the multinational corporation.
Clinical Relevance of an Amplicon-Based Liquid Biopsy for DetectingALKandROS1Fusion and Resistance Mutations in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Mezquita Laura , Swalduz Aurélie , Jovelet Cécile , Ortiz-Cuaran Sandra , Howarth Karen , Planchard David , Avrillon Virginie , Recondo Gonzalo , Marteau Solène , Benitez Jose Carlos , De Kievit Frank , Plagnol Vincent , Lacroix Ludovic , Odier Luc , Rouleau Etienne , Fournel Pierre , Caramella Caroline , Tissot Claire , Adam Julien , Woodhouse Samuel , Nicotra Claudio , Auclin Edouard , Remon Jordi , Morris Clive , Green Emma , Massard Christophe , Pérol Maurice , Friboulet Luc , Besse Benjamin , Saintigny Pierre 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSELiquid biopsy specimen genomic profiling is integrated in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) guidelines; however, data on the clinical relevance for ALK /ROS1 alterations are scarce. We evaluated the clinical utility of a targeted amplicon-based assay in a large prospective cohort of patients with ALK/ROS1-positive NSCLC and its impact on outcomes.PATIENTS AND METHODSPatients with advanced ALK/ROS1-positive NSCLC were prospectively enrolled in the study by researchers at eight French institutions. Plasma samples were analyzed using InVisionFirst-Lung and correlated with clinical outcomes.RESULTSOf the 128 patients included in the study, 101 were positive for ALK and 27 for ROS1 alterations. Blood samples (N = 405) were collected from 29 patients naïve for treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) or from 375 patients under treatment, including 105 samples collected at disease progression (PD). Sensitivity was 67% (n = 18 of 27) for ALK/ROS1 fusion detection. Higher detection was observed for ALK fusions at TKI failure (n = 33 of 74; 46%) versus in patients with therapeutic response (n = 12 of 109; 11%). ALK-resistance mutations were detected in 22% patients (n = 16 of 74) overall; 43% of the total ALK-resistance mutations identified occurred after next-generation TKI therapy. ALK G1202R was the most common mutation detected (n = 7 of 16). Heterogeneity of resistance was observed. ROS1 G2032R resistance was detected in 30% (n = 3 of 10). The absence of circulating tumor DNA mutations at TKI failure was associated with prolonged median overall survival (105.7 months). Complex ALK-resistance mutations correlated with poor overall survival (median, 26.9 months v NR for single mutation; P = .003) and progression-free survival to subsequent therapy (median 1.7 v 6.3 months; P = .003).CONCLUSIONNext-generation, targeted, amplicon-based sequencing for liquid biopsy specimen profiling provides clinically relevant detection of ALK/ROS1 fusions in TKI-naïve patients and allows for the identification of resistance mutations in patients treated with TKIs. Liquid biopsy specimens from patients treated with TKIs may affect clinical outcomes and capture heterogeneity of TKI resistance, supporting their role in selecting sequential therapy.
DFT Supported Structural Revision of Seiricardines
Authors: Nishiyama Mami , Tayone Wilanfranco C , Maeda Hayato , Tanaka Kazuaki , Hashimoto Masaru 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Seiridium sp. KT3957 produces a secondary metabolite giving identical 1H and 13C NMR spectra to those of seiricardine B (2), a bicyclic sesquiterpene monoalcohol isolated from Seiridium cupressi. An independent spectral analysis suggested that the isolated compound contains one extra H2O unit compared with the original molecular formula, which was consequently revised to that of a related triol 4. The density functional theory (DFT)-based 13C chemical shift calculations herein presented, which include DP4 and nJCH analyses, not only confirm the above conclusion but also allow establishing the relative configuration of the hydroxylated isopropyl side chain. Despite the lack of hydroxy functionalities suitable for the extended Mosher method and chromophores inducing ECD Cotton effects, the absolute configuration of 4 was determined by applying the octant rule for methylketone 11 and by DFT-based ECD spectral reproduction. The present study also revealed unstable Δ8,10-seiricardine B (5) which was gradually dehydrated in CDCl3 giving 6. The spectral resemblance between experimental 6 and seiricardine D (7) in literature led to its structural revision to 9 as the most plausible structure.
Supine versus prone position in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Birowo Ponco , Tendi William , Widyahening Indah S. , Rasyid Nur , Atmoko Widi 
Published: April 2020

Background: The decision for using supine or prone position in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is still debatable. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety profile of the supine and prone position when performing PCNL. Methods: A systematic electronic search was performed using the database from MEDLINE, Cochrane library and Google Scholar from January 2009 to November 2019. The outcomes assessed were stone free rate, major complication rate, length of hospital stay and mean operation time. Results: A total of 11 articles were included in qualitative and quantitative analysis. The efficacy of PCNL in supine position as determined by stone free rate is significantly lower than in prone position (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.66 – 0.83; p<0.00001), However, major complication rate is also lower in the supine group compared with the prone group (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51 – 0.96; p=0.03). There is no statistically significant difference in the length of hospital stay and mean operation time between both groups. Conclusion: Prone position leads to a higher stone free rate, but also a higher rate of major complication. Thus, the decision of using which position during PCNL should be based on the surgeon’s experience and clinical aspects of the patients.
Intervindo em atividade física, alimentação e estresse em moradores de município de pequeno porte
Authors: Galliano Leony Morgana , Reichert Felipe Fossati 
Published: April 2020

Objetivou-se apresentar o modelo conceitual e desafios de uma intervenção de educação em saúde, incluída por meio do Sistema Único de Saúde. Todos moradores de Dona Francisca, Rio Grande do Sul, de 50-80 anos de idade, atendidos pelos oito agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) foram considerados elegíveis para a intervenção, que abrangeu: i) encontro individual; ii) contatos motivacionais; iii) encontros educacionais relacionados à atividade física, alimentação e controle de estresse. A intervenção foi conduzida pelos ACS previamente treinados. Foram realizadas três coletas de dados: i) linha de base (2014; n = 649); ii) intermediária (2015; n = 544) e; iii) final (2016; n = 555). Os principais desafios foram relacionados a pactuação dos ACS, baixa participação nos encontros educacionais e coleta de dados, especialmente em áreas rurais. Porém, houve capacitação dos ACS, maior acesso às informações de saúde para a população e coletas de dados que possibilitam traçar o perfil de uma população de município de pequeno porte.
Back to the future: midwives' experiences of undertaking a return to midwifery practice programme
Authors: Cowman Triona , Fleming Judith Mary , Greene Liz 
Published: April 2020

Background Midwives returning to practice is considered to be an important recruitment initiative. Refresher programmes are generally required by returning midwives; however, there is a paucity of current research on the success of these programmes. Aim To explore the experiences of registered midwives undertaking a return to midwifery practice programme in Ireland, and the effectiveness of the programme in preparing and returning midwives to practice. Method A mixed-methods approach was used including data collection through questionnaire, focus groups and interviews. Nine midwives undertaking a return to midwifery practice programme were included in the study. Findings A passion for midwifery is a key driver for returning to practice. Returning midwives have unique learning and support needs yet they do not always receive the appropriate support. In total, 62% of midwives did not return to midwifery practice on programme completion. Challenges were encountered when seeking employment opportunities to consolidate knowledge and skills gained on the return to midwifery practice programme. Conclusion Return to midwifery practice programmes need to be tailored and clinical staff need to be adequately prepared to provide the required support. As a recruitment strategy, current emphasis is on the education component. However, equal emphasis needs to be placed on employment pathways on programme completion if this initiative is to be effective at returning midwives back to the workforce.
Investigation of informed consent procedures initiated in the intrapartum period
Authors: Alvarez Mary , Hotton Emily , Harding Sam , Crofts Joanna F , Wade Julia 
Published: April 2020

Background When research involves procedures initiated in the intrapartum period, there is considerable variation in information provision. If midwives are to optimise the process of information provision and facilitate good understanding of the research, we need to understand how information is currently being provided. Aim To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of an approach to investigating information provision for informed consent to research involving interventions initiated during the intrapartum period. Methods Audio recordings of seven study recruitment consultations and six structured interviews were transcribed and analysed to construct a ‘hints and tips’ for recruitment document for midwives. Findings Most women and three out of five midwives agreed to audio-recording consultations. All participants confirmed the acceptability of audio-recording recruitment consultations. Midwives varied in their experiences. Conclusion This approach to exploring the informed consent processes is feasible and acceptable to women and midwives. Findings will inform further investigation of information provision in the ASSIST II study.
Composite Build-Ups: a Review of Current Techniques in Restorative Dentistry
Authors: Bhola Surina , Barker Dean 
Published: April 2020

Composite build-ups are a widely used technique in Restorative Dentistry, typically for tooth wear cases. A patient who requires dental rehabilitation may have composite build-ups on anterior teeth in order to increase vertical dimension, improve appearance, and provide protection to their remaining teeth. This paper reviews the most commonly used methods to increase predictability of treatment, including their ease of use and to improve the aesthetic outcomes. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article is clinically relevant in educating clinicians in the different methods of predictable composite build-ups for tooth wear cases.
A Case of Mistaken Identity of a Mesiodens
Authors: Ong Queenie , Flett Andrew 
Published: April 2020

This case report discusses the characteristics, sequelae and management of the supernumerary tooth in a developing dentition, particularly the mesiodens. The case describes when an eruption of a mesiodens was misdiagnosed as a microdont maxillary central incisor, leading to ectopic and late eruption of the permanent maxillary incisor. This case highlights the importance of clinical and radiographic investigation where tooth size asymmetry is observed in the upper anterior region. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The incidence of a single microdont maxillary central incisor is rare and is not known to be documented in the literature. If a small tooth erupts in the midline it should be considered a supernumerary tooth until proven otherwise. Further clinical and radiographic investigation should be performed to determine the presence and location of the maxillary central incisor(s).
Eucalyptus Extrusion Injury: not such an Essential Oil?
Authors: Mustufvi Zhain , Veale Benjamin , Tkacz Karolina , Adams Aidan , Al-Khayyat Ahmed 
Published: April 2020

Eucalyptus oil is an essential oil commonly used as a solvent to remove old gutta-percha when performing endodontic re-treatment procedures. Although commonly used by dentists, evidence for its safety is lacking. This report outlines a previously undocumented case of a 44-year-old male who attended the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department with sudden onset facial swelling in response to extrusion of eucalyptus oil through the apex of a tooth during root canal re-treatment by his dentist. The management of this case is discussed and the important safety aspects with regard to the chemicals used in endodontic treatments are reviewed. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper highlights that the risk of extrusion injury during endodontic treatment is not limited to the use of sodium hypochlorite but also to other chemicals such as, and in our case, eucalyptus oil.