bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of 7,8‐dihydroxy‐3‐phenylcoumarin as a reversible monoamine oxidase enzyme inhibitor
Authors: Musa Musiliyu A. , Badisa Veera L. D. , Aghimien Monica O. , Eyunni Suresh V. K. , Latinwo Lekan M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe herein report the biological evaluation of 3‐arylcoumarin derivatives (3a‐l) as potential human monoamine oxidase‐A and ‐B (hMAO‐A and hMAO‐B) inhibitors. The result indicated that 7,8‐dihydroxy‐3‐(4‐nitrophenyl)coumarin (3j) was most effective against MAO‐A (inhibition concentration [IC50] = 6.46 ± 0.02 µM) and MAO‐B (IC50 = 3.8 ± 0.3 µM) enzymes than other synthesized compounds and reference compounds (pargyline and moclobemide). Furthermore, compound (3j) showed (a) nonselectivity against hMAO enzymes, (b) reversible hMAO enzymes inhibition, and (c) neuroprotection against H2O2‐treated human neuroblastoma (N2a) cells. Finally, a molecular modeling study revealed that the hMAO enzymes inhibitory activity of the compound (3j) may be due to the orientation where the nitro (NO2) group lies deep into the receptor and the phenyl ring directed toward flavin adenosine dinucleotide via hydrogen bond interaction, and possible π‐π interaction with various important residues. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate that compound (3j) can be considered as a promising scaffold for the development of hMAO‐A and hMAO‐B inhibitors.
A descriptive pilot study of the immediate impacts of COVID‐19 on dental and dental hygiene students’ readiness and wellness
Authors: Akinkugbe Aderonke A. , Garcia Dina T. , Smith Carlos S. , Brickhouse Tegwyn H. , Mosavel Maghboeba 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ongoing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has impacted dental students training across the U.S. academic dental institutions by moving classroom instruction to an online modality, limiting patient care, canceling external rotations, and rescheduling of licensure examinations.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the immediate impacts of COVID‐19 on students’ readiness to enter clinical practice or residency and its association with well‐being (anxiety, perceived stress, coping and social support, and resilience).MethodsAn online REDCap survey was distributed to 407 D1–D4 year dental students and 29 DH3–DH4 year dental hygiene students enrolled at a U.S. dental school. The survey consisted of readiness and wellness measures as well as socio‐demographic variables.ResultsOverall response rate was 58% (N = 252) ranging from 40% among D4 students to 72% among D1 students. About half (55%) of the respondents were White, a third (34%) Asians and 5% were African Americans. Ninety‐two percent were non‐Hispanics while 62% were female. Overall mean (SD) anxiety score was 6.5 (5.3) and 26% of respondents reported moderate or severe levels of anxiety. Anxiety score differed significantly by gender with females reporting higher anxiety levels, mean (SD) = 7.3 (5.5) versus 5.2 (4.7) for males; P = 0.002). Furthermore, mean anxiety score differed significantly among the dental school classes, ranging from 5.5 (5.3) among D2 students to 11.8 (6.2) in DH4 students (P = 0.02).ConclusionAcademic dental institutions need to be responsive to the heightened anxiety and uncertainly levels of students and provide responsive training and support to mitigate its effects.
Hepascore predicts liver outcomes and all‐cause mortality in long‐term methotrexate users: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Zhengyi , Huang Yi , Nossent Hans , Chan Jonathan J , Adams Leon A , Joseph John , Cheng Wendy , Garas George , MacQuillan Gerry , Jeffrey Gary P 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and aimMethotrexate (MTX) is routinely used for immunological disorders, and its long‐term use is associated with hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a serum liver fibrosis test (Hepascore) predicted the risk of adverse liver‐related outcomes and mortality.MethodsA total of 92 patients in Western Australia who had a long‐term MTX intake history,from 2004 to 2016, were recruited and followed up from the first Hepascore to death or end of the study. Clinical data, all deaths, and liver‐related outcomes (liver‐related death and decompensation) were obtained from hospital, PathWest, and WA Data Linkage Unit databases.ResultsNine deaths and four adverse liver‐related outcomes occurred during the follow up of 354 person‐years. The 5‐year survival was 86.1%. The liver‐related outcome free survival was 95.6%. Baseline Hepascore ≥0.84 was associated with advanced fibrosis on liver biopsy (P = 0.025). A baseline Hepascore ≥0.84 was significantly associated with higher risks for adverse liver‐related outcomes (P < 0.001) and all‐cause mortality (P = 0.001). Cox regression demonstrated that only baseline Hepascore ≥0.84 was independently associated with the increased risk of all‐cause mortality (7.91 [1.52–41.29], P = 0.014). Moreover, any Hepascore ≥0.84 found during follow up was independently associated with the increased risk of all‐cause mortality (86.18 [4.03–1844.83], P = 0.007).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the potential importance of Hepascore monitoring in long‐term MTX users. Patients with a Hepascore higher than 0.84 at any stage had increased mortality, but further studies are required to confirm this finding.
Peroral endoscopy during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Efficacy of the acrylic box (Endo‐Splash Protective (ESP) box) for preventing droplet transmission
Authors: Gomi Kuniyo , Nagahama Masatsugu , Yoshida Erika , Takano Yuichi , Kuroki Yuichiro , Yamamoto Yorimasa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimAppropriate personal protective equipment should be worn in all clinical settings during the COVID‐19 pandemic because anyone could be carrying SARS‐CoV‐2. Peroral endoscopy is the procedure potentially generating large volumes of aerosols through stimulation of patient coughing. The present study investigated the efficacy of a specially designed acrylic box (Endo‐Splash Protective [ESP] box) for preventing droplet transmission as part of droplet precautions for endoscopists and assistants during routine endoscopy for potential asymptomatic carriers or emergent endoscopy for confirmed or suspected COVID‐19 patients.Methods and ResultsESP box was fabricated for use in peroral endoscopy performed with the patient in either a left lateral or prone position. Circular ports were created, one for scope insertion and one for each of the assistant's hands. Simulated droplets were released inside ESP box, and the number of droplets was counted every 100/3 ms for 5 s pre‐release and post‐release at the positions of the endoscopist and assistant. The experiment was repeated eight times at the endoscopist and assistant positions, and the median numbers of droplets were calculated and compared. No significant differences were observed between the median number of droplets counted for 5 s prerelease and postrelease at either the endoscopist (P = 0.239) or assistant (P = 0.576) positions. We could block the droplets by using ESP box.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that use of ESP box during peroral endoscopy may reduce endoscopist and assistant droplet exposure, potentially reducing the risk of droplet transmission to healthcare professionals performing peroral endoscopy during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific virulence factors in COVID‐19
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Prasoon Pranav , Kumari Chiman , Pareek Vikas , Faiq Muneeb A. , Narayan Ravi K. , Kulandhasamy Maheswari , Kant Kamla 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paucity of knowledge about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐specific virulence factors has greatly hampered the therapeutic management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Recently, a cluster of studies appeared, which presented empirical evidence for SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific virulence factors that can explain key elements of COVID‐19 pathology. These studies unravel multiple structural and nonstructural specifics of SARS‐CoV‐2, such as a unique FURIN cleavage site, papain‐like protease (SCoV2‐PLpro), ORF3b and nonstructural proteins, and dynamic conformational changes in the structure of spike protein during host cell fusion, which give it an edge in infectivity and virulence over previous coronaviruses causing pandemics. Investigators provided robust evidence that SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific virulence factors may have an impact on viral infectivity and transmissibility and disease severity as well as the development of immunity against the infection, including response to the vaccines. In this article, we are presenting a summarized account of the newly reported studies.
Intricacies in characterizing positivity in pooled sample testing for SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Mohanty Srujana , Ravindra Akshatha , Gupta Kavita , Hallur Vinaykumar , Behera Bijayini , Mahaptra Ashoka , Saha Swarnatrisha , Ranjan Jai , Payal Poesy , Mohanty Monalisa , Rath Sutapa , Mishra Baijayantimala 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe unprecedented demand for testing for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to an acute shortage and limited availability of test reagents for which pooling of samples has been recommended in areas with low prevalence. Considering the possibility of dilution factor in pool testing, an attempt was made to find out possibility of any true positive samples in pools with late amplification. The study was conducted on samples received from various collection centers in different districts of Odisha as well as from patients attending the screening clinic or admitted in COVID ward of the hospital. Nasal/nasopharyngeal/throat swabs received in viral transport media in cold chain were subjected to Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) testing in a Biosafety Laboratory level‐2 by including uniform volume of four units (samples) per pool. All confirmed and probable positive pools in screening assay were de‐convoluted and individual samples tested for confirmatory assay. Inclusion of an additional criteria of probable positive pool (Ct value >35 with non‐sigmoid amplification curve or showing a line of amplification towards the end of the cycle) yielded 39 (15.5%) more true positive samples out of a total of 251 positive samples that would otherwise have been missed if only the classical criteria of positive (Ct within 35 with proper sigmoid curve) had been considered. The study highlights the importance of considering any indication of late amplification in the RT‐PCR test to label a pool as positive to avoid missing any true positive sample in the pool.
Impact of COVID‐19 lockdown measures on oncological surgical activity: Analysis of the surgical pathology caseload of a tertiary referral hospital in Northwestern Italy
Authors: Vissio Elena , Falco Enrico Costantino , Collemi Giammarco , Borella Fulvio , Papotti Mauro , Scarmozzino Antonio , Cassoni Paola , Bertero Luca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesItaly was severely affected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. Our Institution, Piedmont's largest tertiary referral center, was designated as a non‐COVID‐19 hospital and activities were reorganized to prioritize critical services like oncological care. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy in preserving the oncological surgical practice at our Institution during the most critical months of the COVID‐19 epidemic by analyzing the surgical pathology activity.MethodsThe number of oncological surgical resections submitted to histopathological examination from 9th March 2020 to 8th May 2020 were collected as well staging/grading data and compared with the previous three pre‐COVID‐19 years (2017–2019).ResultsOverall, no decrease was observed for most tumor sites (5/9) while breast resections showed the largest drop (109 vs. 160; −31.9%), although a full recovery was already noticed during the second half of the period. Conversely, the selected control benchmarks showed a sharp decrease (−80.4%). Distribution of pathological TNM stages (or tumor grades for central nervous system tumors) showed no significant differences during the lockdown compared with previous years (p > .05).ConclusionsThe present data suggest the possibility of preserving this cornerstone oncological activity during an evolving public health emergency thanks to a prompt workflow reorganization.
Accuracy of Transvaginal Ultrasound Compared to Cystoscopy in the Diagnosis of Bladder Endometriosis Nodules
Authors: Ros Cristina , de Guirior Cristian , Rius Mariona , Escura Silvia , Martínez‐Zamora María Ángeles , Gracia Meritxell , Peri Lluís , Franco Agustín , Carmona Francisco 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) in predicting detrusor infiltration and ureteral meatus involvement in patients with bladder endometriosis (BE) to select which cystoscopic procedures could be avoided and, secondarily, to assess the relationship between symptoms and the characteristics of nodules and the association of BE with other forms of endometriosis.MethodsPatients with BE diagnosed by TVUS were classified according to detrusor infiltration: BE with partial involvement of the muscular layer (group 1) and total muscular layer involvement with bladder protrusion (group 2). We analyzed the accuracy of TVUS compared with subsequently performed cystoscopy, the correlation with symptoms, and the association with other forms of endometriosis.ResultsAmong the 22 patients included, TVUS showed 9 patients with BE nodules partially affecting the detrusor (group 1) with normal cystoscopic findings (TVUS negative predictive value, 100%). Transvaginal ultrasound detected 13 nodules with total involvement, all visible by cystoscopy (TVUS positive predictive value, 100%). Transvaginal ultrasound also identified ureteral orifices that were free of involvement at greater than 10 mm from the BE nodule in 21 of 22 women (TVUS sensitivity, 95%). Ultrasound criteria for adenomyosis and endometriosis in other locations were present in 20 of 22 patients.ConclusionsTransvaginal ultrasound can identify the infiltration of BE nodules in the bladder wall and predict cystoscopic findings with great accuracy. Nodules that partially affect the muscular layer have normal cystoscopic findings, thereby obviating the need for this procedure. Bladder endometriosis nodules are commonly associated with other forms of endometriosis and do not usually affect the ureteral meatus.
Transcriptome analyses to reveal the dynamic change mechanism of pigeon magnum during one egg‐laying cycle
Authors: Lu Lizhi , Xu Xiaoqin , Du Xue , Zeng Tao , Yang Tingbang , Chen Yao , Tao Zhengrong , Zhong Shengliang , Wen Jihui , Zhou Caiquan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe analyzed the transcriptome of pigeon magnum in three stages (C1: pre‐ovulation, C2: post‐ovulation, C3: 5–6 days after ovulation) to elucidate the molecular and cellular events associated with morphological changes during the laying cycle. We observed that C1 was highly developed, apoptosis rate was highest in C2, and C3 attained the smallest size. Through RNA‐sequencing, we obtained 54,764,938 (97.2%) high‐quality clean reads that aligned to 20,767 genes. Gene expression profile analysis showed the greatest difference between C1 and C3; 3966 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 2250 genes were upregulated and 1716 genes were downregulated in C1. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed that protein processing and transport activities were prominent in C1, and upregulated genes included those related to signal recognition particle (SRP), signal recognition particle receptor (SRPR), translocon, GRP78, RRBP1, TRAP, TRAM1, and OST. Egg white protein‐related gene expression was highest, with OVALY being the most highly expressed. In C2, apoptosis‐related gene expression was higher than in C1, and fatty acid metabolism was active, which may be correlated with magnum tissue regression. Collagen‐ and laminin‐related gene expression was prominent in C1 and C3, indicating roles in egg white protein generation and magnum reconstruction. PR gene expression was highest and exhibited drastic change in the three groups, indicating that PR and its regulation may be involved in changes in magnum morphology and function. Through the identification and functional analysis of DEGs and other crucial genes, this may contribute to understand the egg white protein production, magnum tissue regression, and magnum regeneration mechanisms.
Pilot study: Is a long‐term follow‐up service beneficial for patients undergoing revision hip replacement surgery?
Authors: Smith Lindsay K. , Turner Emma , Lenguerrand Erik , Powell Jane , Palmer Shea 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) is highly successful but some patients will require later revision surgery. This pilot study evaluates the effects of long‐term follow‐up for patients undergoing revision hip replacement.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing aseptic revision of THA were recruited from a large orthopaedic unit to a single centre, observational study. Primary outcomes were changes in patient‐reported scores from pre‐revision to 12 months post‐surgery. Secondary outcomes were costs during hospital stay up to 6 months post‐revision. Participants were retrospectively allocated to two groups—those with regular orthopaedic review prior to revision (Planned revision) or those without (Unplanned revision).Results52 patients were recruited, 7 were unrevised, one incomplete baseline questionnaires. There were 25 planned and 19 unplanned revisions with no significant differences between groups at baseline. At 12 months, 34 complete data sets were available for analysis, 17 in each group. Change scores were analysed with Mann–Whitney U test; none reached statistical significance. There was a significant difference for length of stay: Planned group 5 days (2–22), Unplanned 11 days (3–86) (Mann–Whitney U test, p = 0.023). No significant differences found for theatre time or component costs. Resource costs post‐revision surgery are presented.ConclusionThis pilot study indicates that some change in methods would be required for future work. The results show that there may be some financial benefit from providing long‐term follow‐up of THA but a larger study is needed to explore these findings and to discuss the impact on recommended guidelines.
High levels of preoperative pain and fatigue are red flags for moderate‐severe pain 12 months after total knee arthroplasty—A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Getachew Mestawet , Lerdal Anners , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Gay Caryl L. , Aamodt Arild , Tesfaye Million , Lindberg Maren Falch 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundModerate/severe pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a poor surgical outcome. Many studies have identified preoperative risk factors of pain after TKA, but studies of the joint contributions of co‐occurring symptoms are lacking.MethodsPatients undergoing primary TKA (n = 202) were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study. Preoperatively, patients completed questionnaires measuring demographics and symptoms (pain, fatigue, sleep problems and depression). Pain was re‐assessed 12 months after TKA. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute the probabilities of moderate‐severe pain at 12 months based on preoperative symptom levels, and results were combined into a risk matrix.ResultsMore than one‐third (40%) of patients (n = 187) reported moderate‐severe pain after TKA. Among preoperative risk factors included in the logistic regression analyses were age, sex, pain, fatigue, sleep problems and depression. Adjusting for possible confounders, fatigue (p = 0.02) and pain (p = 0.01) were significant risk factors for moderate‐severe pain at 12‐months follow‐up and were retained in the final risk matrix. The co‐occurrence of high‐preoperative fatigue and pain scores resulted in 57% estimated probability of moderate‐severe pain at 12 months. Similarly, the co‐occurrence of low‐preoperative fatigue and pain scores resulted in 14% estimated probability of moderate‐severe pain 12 months after TKA.ConclusionThe combination of high fatigue and pain scores prior to surgery was a key risk factor for moderate‐severe pain 12 months after TKA. Mapping of these factors could be used preoperatively to identify patients who are at risk to experience a poor outcome of TKA.
Size at Maturity, Shell Conditions, and Morphometric Relationships of Male and Female Jonah Crabs in the Middle Atlantic Bight
Authors: Olsen Noelle A. , Stevens Bradley G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Jonah crab Cancer borealis is a data-poor species with an unknown stock status. They were historically caught as bycatch in American lobster Homarus americanus traps. The decline of the southern New England lobster stock since 1990 helped stimulate a targeted fishery and a sixfold increase in both the landings and ex-vessel value of Jonah crab. Current knowledge on Jonah crab growth and reproduction is scarce and dated. Therefore, this research focused on updating fundamental biological information for Jonah crabs in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Morphometric analyses determined that male crabs reach size at 50% sexual maturity (SM50) at 98.3 ± 1.4 mm carapace width (CW; ±95% CI), and female crabs reach SM50 at 88.2 mm CW. These values are below the current minimum legal size. An increase in the proportion of female crabs in a new-shell condition during the spring and summer months suggests a seasonal mating period. Expanding available information will substantiate accurate appointment of minimum legal sizes, minimize discard mortality, and increase understanding of stock dynamics, thus improving management and long-term sustainability for the Jonah crab fishery.
Defining nocturnal polyuria in women
Authors: Baines Georgina , Da Silva Ana Sofia , Cardozo Linda , Bach Fiona , Parsons Matthew , Robinson Dudley , Toozs‐Hobson Philip 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsNocturnal polyuria (NP) is defined by the International Continence Society (ICS) as “excessive production of urine during the main sleep period” and is one of the main causes of nocturia. The ICS recognized that “excessive” is not clearly defined and that this needs to be highlighted in both clinical and research settings. The aim of this study was to identify different definitions of NP and apply them to a population of women attending the Urogynaecology clinic.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of complete bladder diaries collected from women attending a tertiary Urogynaecology Unit. Six different definitions were identified and were divided into “absolute,” “relative,” and “functional definitions.” Prevalence data were calculated and values generated for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values when related to women voiding ≥ 2 times per night.ResultsComplete bladder diaries were obtained from 1398 women, over 6 years, with a mean age of 57 years. Prevalence varied across the definitions from 21.5% (absolute definition) to 77% (relative definition). Sensitivity ranged from 43% (absolute) to 87% (relative). The definitions that showed the highest combined sensitivity and specificity were the functional definitions.ConclusionFrom this study it is clear that more work needs to be done to arrive at a consensus for defining NP to enable accurate diagnosis and development of treatment pathways. We propose that a relative definition may provide a more clinically relevant method of defining NP.