bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis the contraception usage and unmet needs of education and reproductive health in Hubei province, China
Authors: meilin peng , zhao kai , Zhang Huiping , Tian kunming , Fang Yiwei , Zhang yuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
background: In recent years, contraceptives have developed rapidly, which are divided into modern contraceptives and non-modern contraceptives. The use of contraceptives less unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections(STIs) including HIV. And cause traditional attitudes towards sex, marriage and family have changed. It leads to a lack of caution about sex and pre-marital sex is more acceptable. Hence, the number of miscarriages caused by unwanted pregnancies has increased. People is going to settle many of sexual and reproductive health matters. Methods: This study, was conducted of about 103 counties in Hubei Province from August 2014 to July 2016, which used frequencies, percentage, mean, chi-square, logistic regression to analysis this data that collected from 17555 respondents. (IBM-SPSS v 25.0)Results: The results in this article describe more men (62.6%) received family planning services education than women (37.4%). And people who did not participate in family planning services education, 17.0% and 21.9% did not know about vasectomy and withdrew as a method of male contraception, respectively. Striking, up to 23.9% and 22.8% of people with or without participating in family planning services education had experienced contraceptive failure (pregnancy for example) in couple. Age, educational, occupational status and the number of living children were strongly associated with contraceptive failure within participating in family planning services education. Only age, place of residence and number of living children were significant associated with contraceptive failure without participating in family planning services education. The figure showed greatly unmet needs of education and reproductive health whether or not to accept family planning services educationConclusion: There is a huge difference in Knowledge and use of contraceptives, as well as unmet educational and reproductive health needs between those who participated in family planning services education and those who did not. That means people who participate in family planning services education got more about sexual and reproductive health education and understand the important of the family planning services. Therefore, it is necessary to provide family planning services for more people and regions to obtain a good understanding of contraceptives, sexual intercourse and unintended pregnancy.
Economic evaluation of a web-based menu planning intervention to improve childcare service adherence with dietary guidelines.
Authors: Reeves Penny , Edmunds Kim , Szewczyk Zoe , Grady Alice , Yoong Sze Lin , Wolfenden Luke , Wyse Rebecca , Finch Megan , Stacey Fiona , Wiggers John , Searles Andrew 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Despite the known benefits of healthy eating in childhood, few Australian childcare services provide food that is consistent with dietary guidelines. The effectiveness of a web-based menu planning intervention to increase childcare service provision of healthy foods, and decrease provision of discretionary foods in long daycare centres in Australia was assessed in a randomised controlled trial. Here we consider the costs, consequences, cost-effectiveness and budget impact of the intervention using data collected within the trial. Methods The prospective trial-based economic evaluation involved 54 childcare services across New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Services were randomised to a 12-month intervention or usual care. The intervention involved access to a web-based menu planning and decision support tool, and online resources. Effectiveness measures included: mean number of food groups, overall menu and individual food group compliance with dietary guidelines, and mean servings of food groups at 12 months. Costs (reported in $AUD, 2017/18) were evaluated from both health sector and societal perspectives. The direct cost to support uptake of the intervention was calculated, as were costs to each childcare centres. The incremental cost of the intervention was calculated as the net difference in the cost to undertake menu planning and review plus the direct cost of the intervention. Incremental cost–effectiveness ratios (ICERs) including uncertainty intervals, were estimated for differences in costs and effects between intervention and control groups. A relative value index was calculated to determine overall value for money. Results Over the 12 months of the trial, we calculated a difference in cost between usual practice and intervention groups of -$482 (95% UI -$859, -$56). While the measured increase in menu and food group compliance within the trial did not reach statistical significance, there were significant improvements in mean servings of fruit and discretionary food, represented in the cost-consequence analysis. The calculated relative value index of 1.1 suggests that the intervention returns acceptable value for money for the outcomes generated. Conclusion Compared to usual practice, web-based programs may offer an efficient and sustainable alternative for childcare centres to improve the provision of healthy foods to children in their care. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616000974404
Transcriptome Response Comparison Between Vector and Non-Vector Aphids After Feeding on Virus-Infected Wheat Plants
Authors: Li Dandan , Zhang Chi , Tong Zeqian , Su Dan , Zhang Gaisheng , Zhang Shize , Zhao Huiyan , Hu Zuqing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Plant viruses maintain intricate interactions with their vector and non-vector insects and can impact the fitness of insects. However, the details of their molecular and cellular mechanisms have not been studied well. We compared the transcriptome-level responses in vector and non-vector aphids (Schizaphis graminum and Rhopalosiphum padi) after feeding on wheat plants with viral infections (Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV)/Wheat dwarf virus (WDV)). We conducted differentially expressed gene (DEG) annotation analyses and observed DEGs related to immune pathway, growth, development, and reproduction. And we conducted cloning and bioinformatic analyses of the key DEG involved in immune.Results: For all differentially expressed gene analyses, the numbers of DEGs related to immune, growth, development, reproduction and cuticle were higher in vector aphids than in non-vector aphids. STAT5B (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B), which is involved in the JAK-STAT pathway, was upregulated in R. padi exposed to WDV. The cloning and bioinformatic results indicated that the RpSTAT5B sequence contains a 2082 bp ORF encoding 693 amino acids. The protein molecular weight is 79.1 kD and pI is 8.13. Analysis indicated that RpSTAT5B is a non-transmembrane protein and a non-secreted protein. Homology and evolutionary analysis indicated that RpSTAT5B was closely related to Rhopalosiphum maidis.Conclusions: Unigene expression analysis showed that the total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the vector aphids was larger than that in the non-vector aphids. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs related to immunity, growth and reproduction in vector aphids were larger than those in non-vector aphids, and the differentially expressed genes related to immune were up-regulated. This study provides a basis for the evaluation of the response mechanisms of vector/non-vector insects to plant viruses.
Local delivery of USC-derived Exosome Carrying ANGPTL3 Enhance Spinal Cord Functional Recovery After Injury by Promoting Angiogenesis
Authors: Yan Xu , Cao Yong , Chen Chunyuan , Xie Hui , Lu Hongbin , hu jianzhong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating clinical diseasewithout effectivetherapeuticapproach recently. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of locally injection with exosome derived human urine stem cell (USC) embedding with hydrogelcould improve the spinal cord functional recovery after injury and the underlying mechanism.Methods:Exosome were isolate from USC andidentified by transmission electron microscopy and western blot. Functional assays using human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) in vitro were performed to assess the effects of USC-Exosdeliverythe angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) on tube formation and migration as well as their regulatory role in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation. In vivo experiment we locally injection with exosome derived USC embedding with hydrogel for treatment of SCI. The effects of USC-Exos on functional recovery in spinal cord injury mice were tested by measuring motor evoked potential, histological and neovascular numbers. Meanwhile, the role of the candidate protein ANGPTL3 in USC-Exo for promoting angiogenesisin SCI was assessed.Results:In current study, we demonstrate that when given locallyinjection with exosomederivedhuman urine stem cell (USC) embeddingwith hydrogelcould pass the spinal cord blood brain barrier and delivery the angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) to the injured spinal cord region. In addition, the administration of exosome derived from human USC could enhance spinal cord neurological functional recovery by promoting angiogenesis.The mechanism studies revealed that ANGPTL3 are enriched in USCexosome(USC-Exo) and required for USC exosome promoting angiogenesis. Functional studies further confirmed the effects caused by exosome derived from USC on angiogenesis wasmediated by PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion:Collectively, our results indicated that USC derived exosome serve as a critical regulator of angiogenesis by transferring ANGPTL3 and may represent a promising novel therapeutic agent for SCI repair.
Spheres of Legislation: Polarization and Most Influential Nodes in Behavioral Context
Authors: Phillips Andrew C , Irfan Mohammad T , Ostertag-Hill Luca 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Game-theoretic models of influence in networks often assume the network structure to be static. In this paper, we allow the network structure to vary according to the underlying behavioral context. This leads to several interesting questions on two fronts. First, how do we identify different contexts and learn the corresponding network structures using real-world data? We focus on the U.S. Senate and apply unsupervised machine learning techniques, such as fuzzy clustering algorithms and generative models, to identify spheres of legislation as context and learn an influence network for each sphere. Second, how do we analyze these networks in order to gain an insight into the role played by the spheres of legislation in various interesting constructs like polarization and most influential nodes? To this end, we apply both game-theoretic and social network analysis techniques. In particular, we show that game-theoretic notion of most influential nodes brings out the strategic aspects of interactions like bipartisan grouping, which structural centrality measures fail to capture.
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics and Prenatal Diagnosis of Rare Monogenic Global Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disability.
Authors: Lin Liling , Zhang Ying , Pan Hong , Wang Jingmin , Qi Yu , Ma Yinan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The estimated worldwide prevalence of global developmental delay (GDD) and intellectual disability (ID) is 1-3%. Rare monogenic GDD/ID is poorly characterized because its low prevalence limits research. In this study, we aimed to describe the diagnostic courses and clinical and genetic characteristics of a cohort with rare monogenic GDD/ID.Method:We retrospectively analyzed the diagnostic courses, clinical characteristics, and genetic spectra of rare monogenic GDD/ID patients. We also conducted a follow-up study on prenatal diagnosis in these families. Mutation pathogenicity was interpreted by molecular geneticists and clinicians according to the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Results:Among 108 patients with rare monogenic GDD/ID, it often took 0.5-4 years and 3-5 referrals to obtain a genetic diagnosis after disease onset. Onset typically occurred before 6 years of age, and patients usually presented moderate to severe GDD/ID. The most common coexisting conditions were epilepsy (68%), facial dysmorphism (14%) and microcephaly (13%). In total, 149 different pathogenic variants were found in 81 different genes among the 108 pedigrees, and 71 variants were novel. The most common inheritance patterns in this outbred Chinese population were autosomal recessive (AR; 46.3%), autosomal dominant (AD; 37%), and X-linked (XL; 16.7%). GLB1, PLA2G6, SCN2A, SHANK3 and STXBP1 were important causal genes. Hot-spot mutations were rarely found. By the follow-up, 43 families, including 24 ARID, 13 ADID and 6 XLID families, had undergone prenatal diagnosis. The offspring of 6 ARID, 2 ADID and 2 XLID families had the same pathogenic variants as the probands.Conclusion:Rare monogenic GDD/ID is characterized by early onset, relatively severe symptoms, great clinical variability and genetic heterogeneity. Moreover, timely referrals to genetic counseling and prenatal diagnostic laboratories are important for affected families planning to have additional children.
Description of Allocanariomyces and Parachaetomium, two new genera, and Achaetomium aegilopis sp. nov. in the Chaetomiaceae
Authors: Mehrabi Mehdi , Asgari Bita , Zare Rasoul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We describe Allocanariomyces tritici gen et sp. nov. and Achaetomium aegilopis sp. nov. as seed endophytes of wheat and its poaceous relatives in the west and northwestern provinces of Iran using morphological traits and sequences of ITS region, partial LSU rDNA, β-tubulin and the second largest subunit of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II genes. Chaetomium iranianum, C. truncatulum and C. carinthiacum are also combined here under the new genus, Parachaetomium. Allocanariomyces is differentiated from the closest genus, Canariomyces by having solitary, glabrous perithecia with walls of textura epidermoidea, stalked asci, densely granular-ornamented ascospores with a distinct subapical germ pore, and producing only solitary conidia. Parachaetomium has fusiform or navicular ascospores not bilaterally flattened, compared to Chaetomium with limoniform to globose, bilaterally flattened ascospores. Achaetomium aegilopis is mainly distinguished from A. strumarium, the closest relative, by possessing brown, often scattered perithecia, hyaline perithecial hairs covered with many hyaline crystals, hyaline chlamydospores, and lacking of the asexual morph.
Identification of Key Genes&nbsp;and Pathways in Breast Cancer Based on&nbsp;Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Pan Chi , Ni Qingtao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Breast cancer(BC) is the most frequent cancer type in women. However, the pathogenesis of BC is still not well understood. Thus, we aim to explore key genes and pathways in relation to BC. We used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify the differently expression of genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of BC. Then, bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine the key genes targets and pathways associated with BC. The gene expression profile of the hub genes in human tumor was displayed using GEPIA. Finally, the expression of hub genes, correlation between genes and miRNA were screened via the miRDB, MirTarBase and DIANA Tools. We screened 159 downregulated genes and 55 upregulated genes in BC patients among the 4 datasets. The enriched functions of the DEGs involved in cell proliferation, positive regulation of Akt signaling and extracellular exosome, PPAR signaling pathway and AMPK signaling pathway. 3 hub genes were screened out by construction of PPI network. MELK were found to be upregulated, and CLU and NTRK2 were downregulated. Further verification showed that MELK displayed higher levels in almost all tumors. We found correlation between these hube genes and the miRNAs. All in all, three key genes closely related to the incidence of BC were identified, and the results could provide new potential molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of BC. In particular, MELK is regulated by multiple miRNAs and participate in the development of BC.
Is the Glass Half-Full or Half-Empty? A Content Analysis of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Global Financing Facility Country Plans
Authors: George Asha S , Jacobs Tanya , Kinney Mary V , Haakenstad Annie , Singh Neha , Rasanathan Kumanan , Chopra Mickey 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The Global Financing Facility (GFF) offers an opportunity to close the financing gap that holds back gains in women, children’s and adolescent health is recognised as a key priority by the GFF leadership. However, very little work exists examining GFF practice. As momentum builds for the GFF, we examine the initial efforts of the GFF in addressing adolescent health.Methods: We undertook a content analysis of the first 10 GFF Investment Cases and Project Appraisal Documents available on the GFF website. The countries involved include Bangladesh, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda. Results: While several country documents signal understanding and investment in adolescent health as a strategic area, this is not consistent across all countries, nor between Investment Cases and Project Appraisal Documents. In both types of documents commitments weaken as one moves from programming content to indicators to investment. Important contributions include how teenage pregnancy is a universal concern, how adolescent and youth friendly health services and school-based programs are supported in several country documents, how gender is noted as a key social determinant critical for mainstreaming across the health system, alongside the importance of multi-sectoral collaboration, and the acknowledgement of adolescent rights. Weaknesses include the lack of comprehensive analysis of adolescent health needs, inconsistent investments in adolescent friendly health services and school based programs, missed opportunities in not supporting multi-component and multi-level initiatives to change gender norms involving adolescent boys in addition to adolescent girls, and neglect of governance approaches to broker effective multi-sectoral collaboration, community engagement and adolescent involvement. Conclusion: There are important examples of how the GFF supports adolescent health as a priority area. However, more can be done. While building on service delivery approaches more consistently, it must also fund initiatives that address the main social and systems drivers of adolescent health. This requires capacity building for the technical aspects of adolescent health, but also engaging politically to ensure that the right actors are convened to prioritize adolescent health in country plans and to ensure accountability in the GFF process itself.
Development of Integration Indexes to Determine the Extent of Family Planning and Child Immunization Services Integration in Health Facilities in Urban Areas of Nigeria
Authors: Sheahan Kate , Orgill-Meyer Jennifer , Speizer Ilene , Curtis Sian , Paul John , Weinberger Morris , Bennett Antonia V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Integrating family planning into child immunization services may address unmet need for contraception by offering family planning information and services to postpartum women during routine child immunization visits. However, policies and programs promoting integration are often based on insubstantial or conflicting evidence about its effects on service delivery and health outcomes. Since most studies measure integration as binary (a facility is integrated or not) rather than a multidimensional and varying continuum, it is difficult to understand the determinants and effects of integration. This study creates Facility and Provider Integration Indexes, which measure capacity to support integrated family planning and child immunization services, and applies them to analyze the extent of integration across 400 health facilities. Methods: This study utilizes cross-sectional health facility (N= 400; 49% hospitals, 51% primary healthcare centers) and healthcare provider (N= 1,479) survey data that were collected in six urban areas of Nigeria for the impact evaluation of the Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative. Principal Components Analysis was used to develop Provider and Facility Integration Indexes that estimate the extent of integration in these health facilities. The Provider Integration Index measures provider skills and practices that support integrated service delivery while the Facility Integration Index measures facility norms that support integrated service delivery. Index scores range from zero (low) to ten (high). Results: Mean Provider Integration Index score is 5.42 (SD 3.10), and mean Facility Integration Index score is 6.22 (SD 2.72). Twenty-three percent of facilities were classified as having low Provider Integration scores, 32% as medium, and 45% as high. Fourteen percent of facilities were classified as having low Facility Integration scores, 38% as medium, and 48% as high. Conclusion: Many facilities in our sample have achieved high levels of integration, while many others have not. Results suggest that measuring integration as a binary variable does not (a) reflect the true variation in integration within and across health facilities, (b) enable nuanced measurement of the determinants or effects of integration, or (c) provide tailored, actionable information about how best to improve integration. Overall, results reinforce the importance of utilizing more nuanced measures of facility-level integration.