bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the Exchange Rate and Macroeconomic Instability Before and After the Tunisian Revolution
Authors: Romdhane Youssra Ben , Amar Mohamed Ben 
Published: January 2020

The year 2011 has been marked as a major turning point in the Tunisian modern history from different perspectives. The popular uprising and the fall of the former regime in January led the country into a period of political and economic instability that has notably affected the national stock market. In this respect, the present study aims at investigating the dynamic links between the yield on the stock index and the macroeconomic instability in an environment characterized with political uncertainty.
In a bid to analyze the political uncertaintyâ€™s impacts on the stock market and on the macroeconomic aggregates, mainly on the inflation and the exchange rate before and during the 2011 revolution, we consider it useful to implement an empirical testing on the nature of interaction binding these associated variables. To this end, a specified an error correction model is estimated to examine the period 1984-2016, to help highlight the short and long-term effects associating the considered variables.
The reached results proved to indicate that the Tunisian Dinar (TND) exchange rate remains noticeable the variable which continued to undergo an adjustment process following the inflation and the political uncertainty related dynamics. The financial indicator â€œTun-Indexâ€ is discovered to be not only weakly exogenous, but also closely associated with a â€œrate of endogeneityâ€ that stands as noticeably lower than the exchange rate. In effect, the strong inflation the state had with eased throughout the economy during period 2012-2016 entailed remarkable devaluations of the TND to take place. Actually, such a significant devaluation turns out to have its exploration in the political uncertainty predominates the state affairs.
A Study on the Perceptual Relationship between Overtime and Output at Private Universities
Authors: Mahmood Yazen N. , Raewf Manaf B. , AL- Hamadany Zaid S. 
Published: January 2020

The overtime is an extra effort to ensure that the job or duty is completed. In private universities, overtime is needed to cover all hours of the courses and this may affect in a good or bad way on the lecture "depending on the number of extra hours". This research highlights the importance of overtime and how it affects the performance of private universities. The (SPSS) program has been used to analyze the data. 34 questionnaire papers were obtained out of 40 have been distributed on employees at Knowledge University. The study found that there is a strong relationship between employees' Productivity and factors (Wages, Environment and Health, Job content and IT skill). Moreover, there is a weak relationship between Employees' Productivity and factors (Work Arrangement, Stress–Satisfaction).
The Role of Electronic Payment Methods in Facilitating Money Transactions in Erbil City
Authors: AL-Saji Dina A. 
Published: January 2020

The emergence of e-commerce has created new financial needs that in many cases cannot be effectively fulfilled by the traditional payment systems. All interested parties are exploring various types of the electronic payment system and issues electronic payment system and digital currency. Therefore, I conducted research on the availability and variety of electronic payment methods in Erbil city, to see the extent of using them in financial transactions. The sample of the research included three banks (Cihan, RT, Byblos). The distributed questionnaires were 40 and collected just 31 were valid to statistically analysis. The questionnaire was designed according to the five-dimensional Likert scale. The SPSS program was used for statistical analysis to extract results Based on the results, the following the most important conclusions were achieved. The results showed that banks have a great interest in electronic payment methods to attract customers and improve customer services. Electronic payment methods are limited only to customers who have a good ability to handle the Internet. According to the results, we made a number of recommendations: Banks should pay attention to issuing new and modern electronic payment methods to attract new customers and follow developments in global markets. Banks and other specialized organizations should conduct awareness programs for clients on the importance and ease of using electronic payment methods in financial transactions in local and international markets.
أهمية دراسة مادة مناهج البحث العلمي وانعكاسات تطبيقها في بحوث الطلبة
Authors: Mohammed Mujeeb H. , Hussain Omead I. 
Published: January 2020

أن الإلمام بمناهج البحث العلمي وأساليبه وتقنياته وإجراءاته أصبح من الأهمية بمكان لأي حقل من حقول المعرفة ، ومن خلال استقراء الواقع داخل الجامعات والمعاهد العليا والتي من بينها مجتمع الدراسة الحالية والإطلاع على بحوث التخرج المنجزة من قبل طلاب هذه المؤسسات وإجراء المقابلات مع شريحة كبيرة منهم داخل هذه لمؤسسات وجد أن هناك ثمة صعوبات وعوائق تحول دون التطبيق الصحيح والسليم لأساليب وتقنيات البحث العلمي عند إعداد البحوث والدراسات العلمية ويمكن حصر هذه الصعوبات في الآتي :عدم الاهتمام بدراسة مادة مناهج البحث العلمي وعدم اعتبارها من المواد المهمة كباقي المواد الدراسية. قلة الخبرات والكفاءات من أعضاء هيئة التدريس لتدريس مادة مناهج وأساليب البحث العلمي. عدم اقتناع الطلبة بأهمية مادة مناهج البحث وأساليب البحث العلمي واعتباره من المواد غير المهمة. ضعف إلمام الطلبة بأساليب ووسائل البحث العلمي. ضعف دور المشرفين على الطلبة إما لحداثة خبرتهم أو للأعباء الكبيرة المطلوبة منهم مع تعدد البحوث المكلفين بالإشراف عليها. عدم تطبيق أساليب البحث العلمي وتقنياته والتي تتم دراستها في مادة مناهج البحث العلمي عند إجراء البحوث. قلة المراجع والمصادر المتعلقة بمناهج وأساليب البحث العلمي. عدم مواكبة التطورات وخاصة التكنولوجية منها والتي تستخدم في البحث العلمي. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من التوصيات التي يراها الباحثان ضرورية ومنها تكليف أساتذة متميزين في مجال البحث العلمي لتدريس هذه المادة. توفير المزيد من المراجع المتنوعة والمتخصصة في مجال مناهج وتطبيقات البحث العلمي. تكليف الطلبة بإجراء البحوث العلمية المستندة إلى مبادئ البحث العلمي في معظم المواد الدراسية لزيادة مهاراتهم البحثية . - التركيز على البحوث التطبيقية لمعالجة المشاكل التي تعاني منها كافة المؤسسات. حث الجهات والمؤسسات العامة والخاصة على التعاون مع الباحثين خصوصا الطلبة منهم عند إعداد مشروعات التخرج . قامة مؤتمر سنوي لبحوث التخرج ألمتميزة يمنح فيها أصحاب البحوث المتميزة مزايا مادية ومعنوية مثل( قلادة الإبداع لفئة الشباب).
The Impact of Internet on Social Relationships among University Students in the Kurdistan Region
Authors: Ahmad Araz R. 
Published: January 2020

This research discusses a topic which has rarely been researched by researchers in their researches and it has never got scientific attention for research. The topic of (The impact of Internet on social relationships among university students in the Kurdistan Region), though it has been analyzed in few researches which is not enough for this topic. At the same time, the main objective of this research refers to the analyzing process of an essential topic, which is linked to the social findings of the effects of the Internet as discussing the effect of the Internet on social relationships between university students in the Kurdistan Region). Nowadays, generally the Internet has many effects and various different influences on social relations in the Kurdistan Region, in which Kurdish researchers have carried out less research on this sensitive topic.Since, media is counted as an important pillar in life aspects and community. Also, electronic media (the Internet) is the most influential and modern brand of media. Besides, with the rapid development of science, technology and devices, the important of media has increased. Therefore, this research has its importance and attention for the Kurdistan Region. At the moment the Internet has serious effects on, social, political, and economic aspects of a country, among the effects, which has created on social life
آليات تسوية المنازعات الدولية في مجلس الأمن والجمعية العامة للامم المتحدة
Authors: Abdul Qadir Pshtiwan A. , Mahmoud Ashna A. 
Published: January 2020

أن منظمة الأمم المتحدة منذ تأسيسها بعد نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية لعبت وتلعب دوراً رائداً ومهماً في تسوية المنازعات الدولية بالطرق السلمية أو العسكرية وذلك وفقاً لميثاقها والقواعد الأخرى للقانون الدولي العام. أن مجلس الأمن والجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة تُعتبران جهازين رئيسيين يقومان بالدور الرئيسي في حل المنازعات الدولية. ففي بحثنا هذا نركز على بيان وتحليل الآليات المتاحة أمام هذين الجهازين للقيام بدورهما في حماية الأمن والسلم العالميين عن طريق الوقوف بوجه نشوب نزاعات دولية أو وقفها وتسويتها. ومما لا شك فيه بأن اعمال هذين الجهازين تصطدم بالكثير من المعوقات العملية والقانونية بسبب هيمنة سياسة الدول العظمى على العلاقات الدولية. في هذه الدراسة نبين كيف يستطيع هذين الجهازين وخاصة مجلس الأمن منهما تسوية المنازعات الدولية باعتباره جهاز منح ميثاق الأمم المتحدة العديد من الاختصاصات التي تؤهله إصدار قرارات ملزمة لجميع الدول دون استثناء بعكس الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة التي لها خيارات محدودة ومقيدة لحل النزاعات الدولية لأن قراراتها غير ملزمة للدول مثل مجلس الأمن.
Research methods to improve reliability of passive redundant control subsystems of aircraft with due consideration of tolerances
Authors: Grishin Vyacheslav , Vu Trong 
Published: January 2020

The paper studies the reliability of passively redundant subsystems of aircraft, taking into account tolerances for a decrease in their output parameters in case of sudden component failures. The influence of the reliability values of elements, tolerances of two levels and the redundancy ratio
on the reliability of passively redundant subsystems as a whole have been investigated; the examples of such subsystems have been given. There have been presented the results of analysis
of the aircraft subsystems features with allowance for tolerances. First of all, these include the availability of technical specifications and realized tolerances determined by the reservation structure; implementing each tolerance with different values of the multiplicities of redundancy; using the main tolerance grid by multiple backup methods; presence of critical probabilities narrowing the reliability range of the elements, where this type of reservation is beneficial from the range
0–1 to the range of the supercritical area (pkr–1). The influence of the element reliability values, tolerances of two levels and the redundancy ratio on the failure-free operation of passively redundant subsystems in general and in supercritical areas has been investigated. It is shown that the minimum redundancy multiplicities in the interests of increasing the reliability of the considered subsystems of aircraft are advantageous to use only with large tolerances and low probabilities of failure-free operation of their elements. Under close tolerances and any reliability values of elements, as well as with large tolerances (more than 25%), high reliability values of this class of aircraft subsystems can be achieved only with large redundancy multiplicities. It has been inferred that there are extreme reliability differences of a passively redundant subsystem and its element, which
allows to set the task of developing highly reliable passively redundant subsystems of aircraft taking into account tolerances from relatively unreliable elements.
Hierarchical system of fuzzy regulation of acetylene production process by oxidative pyrolysis of natural gas
Authors: Sanaeva Galina , Prorokov Anatoly , Bogatikov Valery , Vent Dmitry 
Published: January 2020

The paper describes a complex chemical-technological system of producing acetylene by oxidative pyrolysis of natural gas, for which ensuring technological safety is a prerequisite for its functioning. There have been discussed the ways of developing a control system for this process while ensuring its technological safety based on the definition of its area and security center.
A two-level control option is proposed, in which the upper level performs dynamic correction
of the tasks of the regulators of the local contours of the lower level, taking into account the safety requirements. The approach using the fuzzy logic apparatus to implement the work of the upper level of the control system in order to increase the technological safety of the process is proposed. The algorithm of the upper level of the control system is presented taking into account the frequency of obtaining information about the state of the process. To prevent an emergency in the intervals between obtaining information about the state of the process, it is proposed to use a mathematical model of the process with periodic adjustment of the input data used for calculations. The proposed version of the control system can reduce the number of emergency stops of the process, which will lead to saving resources and reducing environmental pollution.
Approach to automation of workshop design processes based on opinions of employers
Authors: Boldyreva Elena 
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of studying the characteristics of the workshop design process of the actively developing science-intensive areas that have a high degree of variability
of the technologies used and the requirements for the skills of specialists in the industry. The approach to organizing the automated design process for the daily workshops on the basis of expert opinions of the trainees’ employers has been proposed. The approach implements the model of pedagogical design ADDIE at the stages of analysis and design and involves four stages: calculating the degree of trust in experts, selecting learning tasks for the discipline, developing the structure of the workshop taking into account the relevance of each learning task of the discipline for a particular training profile, and calculating the complexity and assessments (points) tasks for each profile. According to the introduced rule of assessment, calculation of weight coefficients for each of the learning tasks and the rule of ranking the selected tasks are arranged in the optimal order for studying, and an individual learning path for each professional profile is formed. The methods and algorithms described can be used to develop information systems for designing a workshop.
A software package for instrumental and information support has been developed. It implements all the calculation and ranking functions and appears a system for the workshop automated design. Using this system and the proposed approach, the structure and the list of learning tasks of the workshop on the discipline “Embedded Systems” are formed. The proposed solutions allow an iterative assessment of the relevance of learning tasks of the discipline taking into account the expert opinions of potential employers and improve the real model of training specialists due to the high practical importance of the workshop and, as a result, to the high motivation of the trainees to obtain professional practical skills that are in demand in the labor market.
Assessment of two augmentation techniques on the mechanical properties of titanium cannulated bone screws
Authors: Mulon Pierre-Yves , Zarzosa Michael , Harper David P. , Anderson David E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the effects of 2 augmentation techniques on the mechanical properties of titanium cannulated bone screws.

SAMPLE
33 titanium cannulated bone screws (outer diameter, 6.5 mm; guide channel diameter, 3.6 mm).

PROCEDURES
11 screws were allocated to each of 3 groups. The guide channel of each screw was filled with polymethyl methacrylate bone cement alone (OCS group) or in combination with a 3.2-mm-diameter orthopedic pin (PCS group) or remained unmodified (control group) before mechanical testing. Each screw underwent a single-cycle 3-point bending test to failure with a monotonic loading rate of 2.5 mm/min. Failure was defined as an acute decrease in resistance to load of ≥ 20% or a bending deformation of 15 mm. Mechanical properties were determined for each screw and compared among the 3 groups.

RESULTS
All screws in the control and OCS groups and 1 screw in the PCS group broke during testing; a 15-mm bending deformation was achieved for the remaining 10 screws in the PCS group. Maximum load and load at failure differed significantly among the 3 groups. Stiffness and load at yield for the PCS group were significantly greater than those for the control and OCS groups but did not differ between the control and OCS groups.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Use of bone cement and an orthopedic pin to fill the guide channel of cannulated screws significantly increased the strength of the construct, but ex vivo and in vivo studies are necessary before this augmentation technique can be recommended for clinical patients.
Effects of treatment with lispro and neutral protamine Hagedorn insulins on serum fructosamine and postprandial blood glucose concentrations in dogs with clinically well-controlled diabetes mellitus and postprandial hyperglycemia
Authors: Bertalan Abigail V. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Hess Rebecka S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To assess effects of basal-bolus insulin treatment (BBIT) with lispro and neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulins, compared with NPH insulin alone, on serum fructosamine concentration (SFC) and postprandial blood glucose concentration (BGC) in dogs with clinically well-controlled diabetes mellitus and postprandial hyperglycemia fed a high insoluble fiber–content diet.

ANIMALS
6 client-owned dogs with diabetes mellitus.

PROCEDURES
Blood samples were collected for BGC and SFC measurement in hospitalized dogs just before feeding and routine SC NPH insulin administration (time 0); samples were collected for BGC measurement every 30 minutes for 2 hours, then every 2 hours for up to 10 additional hours. Postprandial hyperglycemia was identified when BGC 30 minutes after insulin administration exceeded BGC at time 0 or the 1-hour time point. For BBIT, owners were instructed to continue NPH insulin administration at the usual dosage at home (q 12 h, with feeding) and to administer lispro insulin (0.1 U/Kg, SC) separately at the time of NPH injections. Two weeks later, SFC and BGC measurements were repeated; results at the start and end of the study were compared statistically.

RESULTS
Median SFC was significantly higher at the start (400 μmol/L) than at the end (390 μmol/L) of the study. Median 1-hour (313 mg/dL) and 1.5-hour (239 mg/dL) BGC measurements at the start of the study were significantly higher than those at the end of the study (117 and 94 mg/dL, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
In this sample of dogs with well-controlled diabetes mellitus, addition of lispro insulin to an existing treatment regimen of NPH insulin and dietary management significantly decreased postprandial BGCs. Further study of BBIT for dogs with diabetes mellitus is warranted.
Insertional characteristics of three types of transfixation pin taps in third metacarpal bones from equine cadavers
Authors: Mundy Lauren N. , Lescun Timothy B. , Main Russell P. , Hall Griffin T. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare heat generation and mechanical bone damage achieved with 2 tapered and 1 cylindrical transfixation pin taps in third metacarpal bones from equine cadavers.

SAMPLE
18 pairs (36 specimens) of third metacarpal bones from euthanized horses with no known metacarpal disease.

PROCEDURES
In each bone, an investigator drilled 3 holes for placement of a 6.3-mm cylindrical transfixation pin, a 6.3-mm tapered pin using a prototype tapered tap, and a 6.3-mm tapered pin using a revised tapered tap. One bone of each pair was tapped by hand and the other with an electric drill. Temperatures of the drill bits, reamers, and taps were measured and used to compare heat generation among tap groups and tapping methods (hand vs power tapping). Macrodamage (all bone pairs) and microdamage (6 bone pairs) were assessed.

RESULTS
The revised tapered tap resulted in less heat generation and less total thread microdamage, compared with the prototype tapered and cylindrical taps. Power tapping created less bone damage but higher temperatures than did hand tapping for all bone groups.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The revised tap design for tapered pin insertion was superior to the prototype tap design and yielded similar or less bone damage than achieved with cylindrical pin insertion in equine third metacarpal bone specimens. We recommend careful hand tapping for tapered pin insertion rather than power tapping, which generated greater heat. The revised tapered tap could be expected to perform better than a cylindrical pin tap in terms of thermal and mechanical microdamage and should be used for insertion of tapered transfixation pins.
Profibrotic gene transcription in renal tissues from cats with ischemia-induced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lourenço Bianca N. , Coleman Amanda E. , Schmiedt Chad W. , Brown Cathy A. , Rissi Daniel R. , Stanton James B. , Giguère Steeve , Berghaus Roy D. , Brown Scott A. , Tarigo Jaime L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To characterize transcription of profibrotic mediators in renal tissues of cats with ischemia-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD).

SAMPLE
Banked renal tissues from 6 cats with experimentally induced CKD (RI group) and 8 healthy control cats.

PROCEDURES
For cats of the RI group, both kidneys were harvested 6 months after ischemia was induced for 90 minutes in 1 kidney. For control cats, the right kidney was evaluated. All kidney specimens were histologically examined for fibrosis, inflammation, and tubular atrophy. Renal tissue homogenates underwent reverse transcription quantitative PCR assay evaluation to characterize gene transcription of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), transforming growth factor-β1, and vascular endothelial growth factor A. Gene transcription and histologic lesions were compared among ischemic and contralateral kidneys of the RI group and control kidneys.

RESULTS
Ischemic kidneys had greater transcript levels of MMP-7, MMP-9, and transforming growth factor-β1 relative to control kidneys and of MMP-2 relative to contralateral kidneys. Transcription of TIMP-1 was upregulated and that of vascular endothelial growth factor A was downregulated in ischemic and contralateral kidneys relative to control kidneys. Transcription of HIF-1α did not differ among kidney groups. For ischemic kidneys, there were strong positive correlations between transcription of HIF-1α, MMP-2, MMP-7, and TIMP-1 and severity of fibrosis.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Transcription of genes involved in profibrotic pathways remained altered in both kidneys 6 months after transient renal ischemia. This suggested that a single unilateral renal insult can have lasting effects on both kidneys.
To Economists about Jihad
Authors: Bekkin R. I. 
Published: January 2020

The authors examine the role and place of Islam in international development and global governance in the context of pressing issues of inter-civilizational and inter-confessional interaction in the modern world, the challenges and threats that arise, including the problems of combating extremism and international terrorism. The authors focus on a comprehensive assessment and forecast of the development of the «Muslim segment» of the modern polycentric world, the conflict between the spatial expansion of traditional Islam and the neoliberal world order, the «Arab spring» phenomenon, mass management technologies from various political forces, the danger of regional destabilization and threats to global security and the interests of Russia.Author declares the absence of conflict of interests.
Research of the Technological Future’s Uncertainty
Authors: Kovalchuk J. , Stepnov I. 
Published: January 2020

Review of the books: Franklin D. Megatech: Technology and Society: 2050 in the Forecasts of Scientists and Writers. Moscow, Bombora, 2018. 400 p. (in Russian) Leonghard G. Technology vs. Humanity: The Coming Clash between Man and Machine. Moscow, Publishing house AST, 2018. 260 p. (in Russian)The author declares absence of conflict of interests.