bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The HAL QCD potential in the I = 1 π π system with the ρ meson bound state
Authors: Akahoshi Yutaro , Aoki Sinya , Aoyama Tatsumi , Doi Takumi , Miyamoto Takaya , Sasaki Kenji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigate the HAL QCD potential in $I=1$$\pi \pi$ scattering using the hybrid method for all-to-all propagators, in which a propagator is approximated by low eigenmodes, and the remaining high-eigenmode part is stochastically estimated. To verify the applicability of the hybrid method to systems containing quark creation$/$annihilation contributions such as the $\rho$ meson, we calculate the $I=1$$\pi\pi$ potential with the $(2+1)$-flavor gauge configurations on a $16^3 \times 32$ lattice with lattice spacing $a \approx 0.12$ fm and $(m_{\pi},m_{\rho}) \approx (870, 1230)$ MeV, in which the $\rho$ meson appears as a deeply bound state. While we find that the naive stochastic evaluations for quark creation$/$annihilation contributions lead to extremely large statistical fluctuations, additional noise reduction methods enable us to obtain a sufficiently precise potential, which shows a strong attractive force. We also confirm that the binding energy and $k^3 \cot \delta$ obtained from our potential are roughly consistent with an existing $\rho$ meson bound state, within the large systematic error associated with our calculation, whose possible origin is also discussed.
Three months of informational trends in COVID-19 across New York City
Authors: Lieberman-Cribbin Wil , Alpert Naomi , Gonzalez Adam , Schwartz Rebecca M , Taioli Emanuela 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the midst of widespread community transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in New York, residents have sought information about COVID-19. We analyzed trends in New York State (NYS) and New York City (NYC) data to quantify the extent of COVID-19-related queries. Data on the number of 311 calls in NYC, Google Trend data on the search term ‘Coronavirus’ and information about trends in COVID-19 cases in NYS and the USA were compiled from multiple sources. There were 1228 994 total calls to 311 between 22 January 2020 and 22 April 2020, with 50 845 calls specific to COVID-19 in the study period. The proportion of 311 calls related to COVID-19 increased over time, while the ‘interest over time’ of the search term ‘Coronavirus’ has exponentially increased since the end of February 2020. It is vital that public health officials provide clear and up-to-date information about protective measures and crucial communications to respond to information-seeking behavior across NYC.
Women Receiving Massive Transfusion Due to Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Comparison Over Time Between 2 Nationwide Cohort Studies
Authors: Ramler P.I. , van den Akker T. , Henriquez D.D.C.A. , Zwart J.J. , van Roosmalen J. , van Lith J.M.M. , van der Bom J. , Paul I. 
Published: May 2020

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2019;98:795–804)
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is on the rise in high-income countries. When PPH requires massive transfusion there is an increased risk of maternal morbidity and the need for hysterectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of PPH requiring massive transfusion in the Netherlands between 2011 and 2012 and compare this to previous data from 2004 to 2006. The study also assessed the causes of PPH and the management and outcome of women who received massive transfusions.
Distribution of Extreme Vital Signs and Complete Blood Count Values of Healthy Parturients: A Retrospective Database Analysis and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gat R. , Hadar E. , Orbach-Zinger S. , Shochat T. , Kushnir S. , Einav S. 
Published: May 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2019;129:1595–1606)
Maternal near-miss events and excess mortality remain problematic throughout the world, and as such, scoring methods intended to identify early maternal deterioration have become a standard of care in many delivery suites and maternity wards. However, all of these rely on predefined ranges of “normal” laboratory values and vital signs (VSs), but the effect of normal physiological adjustments on maternal VSs has yet to be fully established. The objective of this study was to determine the extremes of VS and blood count values in healthy pregnant women in the peripartum time period who had single offspring. It was a retrospective analysis of data collected during real-time deliveries (from July 2012 to June 2016) at a labor and delivery (L&D) ward in Israel.
Racial Disparities in Postpartum Pain Management
Authors: Badreldin N. , Grobman W. , Yee L. , Lynn M. 
Published: May 2020

(Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134:1147–1153)
There has been a rising trend of opioid misuse among non-Hispanic white communities in recent years, and researchers have noted that adults from predominantly white communities were more likely to receive a prescription for opioids than adults from more diverse areas. Previous studies have indicated that there are disparities between minority patients and non-Hispanic white patients in regards to pain treatment, where minority individuals with similar conditions and pain levels are being prescribed less opioid medications. Not much analysis has been performed in the postpartum pain management arena, but these investigators hypothesized that a similar imbalance is present for postpartum patients in minority communities. They conducted this study to assess racial and ethnic differences in patients’ postpartum pain levels, inpatient opioid disbursement, and number of opioid prescriptions upon discharge from the hospital.
Obstetric Intraoperative Cell Salvage: A Review of an Established Cell Salvage Service With 1170 Reinfused Cases
Authors: Sullivan I.J. , Ralph C.J. 
Published: May 2020

(Anaesthesia. 2019;74:976–983)
Over the last 20 years, obstetric hemorrhage has remained a dominant cause of maternal death; this trend shows no sign of changing in the near future. A standard treatment for obstetric hemorrhage is allogeneic (donor) blood transfusion, but autologous (cell salvaged) blood transfusion is becoming a more viable alternative to allogeneic blood transfusion. On the basis of a recent multicenter randomized trial that concluded the routine use of cell salvage during cesarean section was not cost-effective, updated guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists no longer recommend routine cell salvage during cesarean section. They do encourage autologous blood transfusion when significant blood loss is expected. The authors of this article reported on their use of cell salvage during cesarean section and based on their results argued that cell salvage can be a safe and economically feasible option for patients undergoing cesarean section.
Electronic Fetal Monitoring to Prevent Fetal Brain Injury: A Ubiquitous Yet Flawed Tool
Authors: Hirsch E. 
Published: May 2020

(JAMA. 2019;322:611–612)
The practice of fetal cardiac rate monitoring began in the 1830s or earlier, and guidelines for intermittent auscultation came out in the 1920s and remained largely unchanged until the 1970s, when continuous electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) appeared. EFM generates a visual recording of fetal heart rate using either Doppler wave technology or a contact electrode on the fetal scalp. Fetal acidosis is associated with abnormal heart rhythms, including tachycardia, bradycardia and transient decreases in pulse rate, as well as diminished variability. Variability cannot practically be detected with auscultation.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Hemorrhage After Dilation and Evacuation Abortion for Fetal Death
Authors: Kerns J.L. , Ti A. , Aksel S. , Lederle L. , Sokoloff A , Steinauer J. 
Published: May 2020

(Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134:708–713)
Second-trimester surgical abortion, or dilation and evacuation (D&E) complications are rare. At a mere 0.7% to 3%, these complications can include cervical laceration, uterine perforation, infection, and hemorrhage [including hemorrhage related to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)]. The possibility of excessive blood loss associated with DIC can even lead to the need for transfusion, or in extreme cases, maternal death. A dearth of well-controlled, large sample size studies evaluating the association of fetal death and abortion-related hemorrhage or DIC makes it difficult to create guidelines for appropriate preoperative preparation and anticipation of needed interventions. This study aimed to determine postabortion risk of hemorrhage for patients with a second trimester fetal death. It sources data from a large cohort at a public, urban abortion clinic.
Shock Index Thresholds to Predict Adverse Outcomes in Maternal Hemorrhage and Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nathan H.L. , Seed P.T. , Hezelgrave N.L. , De Greeff A. , Lawley E. , Anthony J. , Steyn W. , Hall D.R. , Chappell L.C. , Shennan A.H. 
Published: May 2020

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2019;98:1178–1186)
Almost half of annual maternal deaths can be attributed to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), maternal sepsis, and abortion complications. Most of these deaths are avoidable with early identification of hemodynamic compromise, but many care providers lack the adequate training to respond properly to abnormal blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) measurements. The ratio of HR to systolic BP, called the shock index (SI), is believed to be an early indicator of life-threatening adverse outcomes; SI has predicted medical events more consistently than other vital signs in PPH retrospective cohorts. While experts have proposed the use of SI measurement thresholds as early warning signs, more research is needed in PPH and maternal sepsis populations. These investigators conducted their study to determine whether SI can consistently predict adverse outcomes in PPH and maternal sepsis cases, and also observe if previously determined SI thresholds are adequate.
Anesthesia for Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy in a Tertiary Referral Center: A 16-Year Retrospective, Matched Case-Control, Cohort Study
Authors: Devroe S. , Bleeset T. , Van de Velde M. , Verbrugge L. , De Buck F. , Deprest J. , Devlieger R. , Rexa S. 
Published: May 2020

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2019;39:74–81)
Nonobstetric operative interventions during pregnancy are fairly uncommon, but can increase the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and cesarean delivery. There has been limited research conducted on the pregnancy outcomes of women who undergo nonobstetric surgical procedures. These investigators, therefore, conducted this retrospective analysis to compare pregnancy outcomes in parturients who underwent nonobstetric surgical procedures to their hospital’s entire obstetric patient population as well as to a matched case-control cohort based on similar demographics.
Assessment of Gastric Emptying of Maltodextrin, Coffee With Milk, and Orange Juice During Labour at Term Using Point of Care Ultrasound: A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Nascimento A.C. , Goveia C.S. , Guimaraes G.M.N. , Filho R.P.L. , Ladeira L.C.A. , Silva H.G.B. 
Published: May 2020

(Anaesthesia. 2019;74:856–861)
Although patients have commonly been advised to fast for 8 hours before any surgery, some research has shown benefits associated with shorter fasting periods. Pregnant women have generally been considered to have a “full stomach” due to delayed gastric emptying and reduced lower esophageal sphincter tone. However, recent studies have shown normal gastric emptying in nonlaboring parturients after drinking water. Studies in nonpregnant volunteers have found that milk and other drinks with similar caloric content are cleared from the stomach at similar rates. This noninferiority, parallel group study was undertaken to compare gastric emptying rates in laboring women for maltodextrin, coffee with milk, and pulp-free orange juice.
Certification Process of Fetal Centers in Texas and Developing National Guidelines
Authors: Moise K.J. , Johnson A. , Tsao K. 
Published: May 2020

(Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135:141–147)
In the early 1980s, the Fetal Treatment Center at the University of California at San Francisco was established, but since this time, little guidance has been given to define what constitutes a fetal center. Even the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ (ACOG) Committee on Ethics and the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) Committee on Bioethics jointly noted in 2011 that fetal centers “exist in many forms.” A majority of fetal centers are multidisciplinary clinics intended for pregnant women with fetal anomalies to consult with various specialists to coordinate plans for delivery and postdelivery neonatal care. The ACOG and AAP also determined that establishing centers prepared for challenging and rarely performed maternal-fetal intervention procedures could optimize fetal and maternal outcomes. A more recent statement coinciding with this determination was made by the International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society and the North American Fetal Therapy Network when they proposed the reasonable goal of formalizing credentialing programs for fetal centers.
Readability, Content, Quality, and Accuracy Assessment of Internet-based Patient Education Materials Relating to Labor Analgesia
Authors: Murphy J. , Vaughn J. , Gelber K. , Geller K. , Zakowski M. 
Published: May 2020

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2019;39:82–87)
It has been reported that >90% of pregnant women in the United States and Western Europe conduct internet searches for health information related to pregnancy. However, 66% of these women believed that information they obtained from a Web site may have been inaccurate or misleading; this potentially wrong content caused them worry about their pregnancy and/or delivery. With pregnancy information widely available online, it is important for health care professionals to monitor the quality and accuracy of the information their patients are receiving from internet sources. In this study, the investigators compared patient education materials (PEMs) provided by national and international medical societies to PEMs found via a Google search, assessing the readability, content, quality, and accuracy of the information.
The economics of drug allergy
Authors: Mattingly T. Joseph 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of reviewAs drug allergy research aims to inform clinical practice, implementation of best practices may be influenced by financial resources required to incorporate new interventions and the resulting clinical and economic returns on those resource investments. The present review summarizes new insights into the economics of drug allergy over the past year.Recent findingsWhile considering economic implications of recent drug allergy research, many studies have addressed different contextual factors related to the setting, provider, or outcomes. Advances in technology have enabled specialized allergists to support remote settings through telemedicine consultation. Training opportunities and interdisciplinary approaches to address drug allergy challenges have enabled multiple provider types to play a role in screening, diagnosis, and management. Penicillin allergy testing has been a major focus for many institutions, with several studies focused on de-labeling strategies including confirmatory skin testing and direct oral challenges.SummaryStudies over the past year provide new opportunities for the field of drug allergy research. The focus of current research to capture direct health costs or savings associated with drug allergy interventions demonstrates opportunity for more cost-effective care delivery and opportunity to explore greater benefits to society.
Low Barrier Tele-Buprenorphine in the Time of COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: Harris Miriam , Johnson Samantha , Mackin Sarah , Saitz Richard , Walley Alexander Y. , Taylor Jessica L. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
To reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many substance use disorder treatment programs have transitioned to telemedicine. Emergency regulatory changes allow buprenorphine initiation without an in-person visit. We describe the use of videoconferencing for buprenorphine initiation combined with street outreach to engage 2 patients experiencing homelessness with severe opioid use disorder (OUD).

Case Presentation:
Patient 1 was a 30-year-old man with severe OUD who had relapsed to injection heroin/fentanyl after incarceration. A community drop-in center outreach harm reduction specialist facilitated a videoconference with an addiction specialist at an OUD bridge clinic. The patient completed a community buprenorphine/naloxone initiation and self-titrated to his prior dose, 8/2 mg twice daily. One week later, he reconnected with the outreach team for a follow-up videoconference visit. Patient 2, a 36-year-old man with severe OUD, connected to the addiction specialist via a syringe service program harm reduction specialist. He had been trying to connect to a community buprenorphine/naloxone provider, but access was limited due to COVID-19, so he was using diverted buprenorphine/naloxone to reduce opioid use. He was restarted on his previous dose of 12/3 mg daily which was continued via phone follow-up 16 days later.

Conclusions:
COVID-19-related regulatory changes allow buprenorphine initiation via telemedicine. We describe 2 cases where telemedicine was combined with street outreach to connect patients experiencing homelessness with OUD to treatment. These cases highlight an important opportunity to provide access to life-saving OUD treatment for vulnerable patients in the setting of a pandemic that mandates reduced face-to-face clinical interactions.
Isoflurane Exposure in Juvenile Caenorhabditis elegans Causes Persistent Changes in Neuron Dynamics
Authors: Wirak Gregory S. , Gabel Christopher V. , Connor Christopher W. 
Published: May 2020

Background
Animal studies demonstrate that anesthetic exposure during neurodevelopment can lead to persistent behavioral impairment. The changes in neuronal function underlying these effects are incompletely understood. Caenorhabditis elegans is well suited for functional imaging of postanesthetic effects on neuronal activity. This study aimed to examine such effects within the neurocircuitry underlying C. elegans locomotion.

Methods

C. elegans were exposed to 8% isoflurane for 3 h during the neurodevelopmentally critical L1 larval stage. Locomotion was assessed during early and late adulthood. Spontaneous activity was measured within the locomotion command interneuron circuitry using confocal and light-sheet microscopy of the calcium-sensitive fluorophore GCaMP6s.

Results

C. elegans exposed to isoflurane demonstrated attenuation in spontaneous reversal behavior, persisting throughout the animal’s lifespan (reversals/min: untreated early adulthood, 1.14 ± 0.42, vs. isoflurane-exposed early adulthood, 0.83 ± 0.55; untreated late adulthood, 1.75 ± 0.64, vs. isoflurane-exposed late adulthood, 1.14 ± 0.68; P = 0.001 and 0.006, respectively; n > 50 animal tracks/condition). Likewise, isoflurane exposure altered activity dynamics in the command interneuron AVA, which mediates crawling reversals. The rate at which AVA transitions between activity states was found to be increased. These anesthetic-induced effects were more pronounced with age (off-to-on activity state transition time (s): untreated early adulthood, 2.5 ± 1.2, vs. isoflurane-exposed early adulthood, 1.9 ± 1.3; untreated late adulthood, 4.6 ± 3.0, vs. isoflurane-exposed late adulthood, 3.0 ± 2.4; P = 0.028 and 0.008, respectively; n > 35 traces acquired from more than 15 animals/condition). Comparable effects were observed throughout the command interneuron circuitry, indicating that isoflurane exposure alters transition rates between behavioral crawling states of the system overall. These effects were modulated by loss-of-function mutations within the FoxO transcription factor daf-16 and by rapamycin-mediated mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition.

Conclusions
Altered locomotive behavior and activity dynamics indicate a persistent effect on interneuron dynamics and circuit function in C. elegansafter developmental exposure to isoflurane. These effects are modulated by a loss of daf-16 or mTOR activity, consistent with a pathologic activation of stress-response pathways.

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Feasibility of Full Neuromuscular Blockade During Transcranial Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring of Neurosurgical Procedures
Authors: Selner Ashley N. , Ivanov Alexander A. , Esfahani Darian R. , Bhimani Abhiraj D. , Waseem Faisal , Behbahani Mandana , Edelman Guy , Stone James L. , Slavin Konstantin V. , Mehta Ankit I. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Transcranial motor evoked potential (TcMEP) monitoring is conventionally performed during surgical procedures without or with minimal neuromuscular blockade (NMB) because of its potential interference with signal interpretation. However, full blockade offers increased anesthetic management options and facilitates surgery. Here, the feasibility of TcMEP interpretation was assessed during full NMB in adult neurosurgical patients.

Methods:
Patients undergoing cervical or lumbar decompression received a rocuronium bolus producing 95% or greater blockade by qualitative train-of-four at the ulnar nerve. TcMEPs were recorded in bilateral thenar-hypothenar and abductor hallucis muscles. Adequacy of response for reliable signal interpretation was determined on the basis of repeatability and clarity, assessed by coefficient of variation and signal-to-noise ratio, respectively.

Results:
All patients had at least 3 of 4 measurable TcMEP limb responses present during full NMB, and 70.8% of patients had measurable responses in all 4 limbs. In total, 82.2% of thenar-hypothenar responses and 62.8% of abductor hallucis responses were robust enough for reliable signal interpretation on the basis of clarity. In addition, 97.8% of thenar-hypothenar responses and 79.1% of abductor hallucis responses met the criteria for reliable signal interpretation on the basis of consistency. Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, and preoperative weakness were not predictive of absent responses during full NMB.

Conclusions:
TcMEP interpretation may be feasible under greater levels of NMB than previously considered, allowing for monitoring with greater degrees of muscle relaxation. Consideration for monitoring TcMEP during full NMB should be made on a case-by-case basis, and baseline responses without blockade may predict which patients will have adequate responses for interpretation.