bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1-5COMPARISON OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN POSTERIOR CIRCULATION BETWEEN HYPERTENSIVE AND NORMOTENSIVE INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Fitri Fasihah Irfani , Batubara Chairil Amin 
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:
Hypertension is known to be associated with cerebrovascular remodelling, raised cerebrovascular resistance and reduced resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) relative to the healthy normotensive individual. This study aimed to compare the CBF in posterior circulation between hypertensive and normotensive individuals.

Methods:
We collected data of transcranial doppler (TCD) examination from Neurosonology Division in Adam Malik General Hospital from January 2014 until December 2019. We included data of the right vertebral artery (RVA), left vertebral artery (LVA) and basilar artery (BA). The parameters included were mean flow velocity (MFV) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) to measure CBF and pulsatility index to assess the vascular resistance. We excluded patients with a history of stroke and patients with signs of stenosis from TCD examination.

Results:
There were 330 subjects included in this study, consisted of 160 hypertensive patients and 170 normotensive subjects. The mean age was 62.4 ± 8.1 years old. Compared to normotensive subjects, hypertensive patients had significantly lower MFV in RVA [29.71 ± 7.97 vs32.74 ± 9.07, p = 0.001] and in LVA [29.71 ± 9.68 vs 32.61 ± 9.06, p = 0.005]; lower PSV in RVA [50.57 ± 13.9 vs 54.11 ± 14.5, p = 0.024] and in LVA [48.3 ± 15.30 vs 52.6 ± 15.01, p = 0.011. There was no significant difference of MFV and PSV in BA between hypertensive and normotensive subjects [33.2 ± 1.06 vs 34.6 ± 1.06, p = 0.23 and 56.11 ± 17.5 vs 56.3 ± 17.5, p = 0.91, respectively]. The pulsatility index was higher in hypertensive patients compared to normotensive subjects in RVA [1.08 ± 0.24 vs 1.01 ± 30, p = 0.014] and in LVA [1.06 ± 0.28 vs 0.99 ± 0.33, p = 0.052] and in BA [1.14 ± 0.24 vs 1.03 ± 0.27, p = 0.001] although these were still within normal range.

Conclusion:
Hypertensive patients exhibited lower blood flow in posterior cerebral circulation compared to healthy normotensive subjects.
2-4THE RISK OF STROKE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY DETERMINED BY ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSES
Authors: Ivan Ignatius , Budiman Fanny , Ruby Rivaldi , Leonardo  , Iskandar Archie F. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as determined by electrocardiographic (ECG) diagnostic criteria are at increased risk for stroke. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the risk for hypertensive patients with LVH to develop stroke.

Methods:
A literature search with a predetermined search strategy was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. Databases were gathered from Pubmed, MEDLINE Complete via EBSCOhost, and Proquest. Articles were reviewed based on following criteria: studies’ participants are hypertensive, having left ventricular hypertrophy evaluated by valid diagnostic criteria, not combined with other diagnostic tools and compared with control group having normal heart structure; outcome assessment are related to cerebrovascular event; sample size is at least 30 participants; follow-up period of at least 1 year; relevant study design, participant characteristics, and results. We assess the quality of studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement, and Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Between-study heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochran Q test (v2).

Results:
The search strategy identified 131 studies. After article selection, we included seven articles to be analyzed qualitatively and two articles into meta-analysis. All cohort studies have adequate reporting qualities with a high-quality assessment score (8.0). All randomized trials have a low risk of bias. Our meta-analysis using fixed-effect found that LVH evaluated by Cornell Product (CP) in hypertensive patients, 45–80 years old, had a 22% higher risk for stroke compared with patients without LVH by a follow up of around five years (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.06–1.40; p = 0.005). When evaluated by Sokolow-Lyon criteria, the risk was increased to 61% (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.37–1.90; p < 0.00001). When random effects are applied, we identified an insignificant risk for patients evaluated by CP, while the result remained to be significant if using SL.

Conclusion:
There is a significantly increased risk for hypertensive patients having LVH to develop stroke within five years when analyzed by SL criteria. Evaluation using CP criteria have an inconsistent result when fixed, and the random effect was applied. Thus, future studies with a larger sample size need to be conducted.
2-6SCREENING FOR PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS AT A PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTRE IN BONTANG, EAST BORNEO: A STUDY USING ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX BY PALPATION METHOD
Authors: Willim Herick Alvenus , Pakpahan Simon Prayogi , Dwiyanti  
Published: July 2020

Background:
Hypertension is a significant risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Early identification and treatment of PAD could minimize disease progression and reduce cardiovascular mortality. Studies have validated ankle branchial index (ABI) by palpation as a simple and useful method for screening PAD in the setting of primary health care.

Objective:
To screen for PAD in hypertensive patients at a primary health care centre in Bontang, East Borneo.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Puskesmas Bontang Utara II from August to September 2019. We did the screening of PAD in hypertensive patients aged ≥50 years using ABI by palpation method. PAD was defined as ABI <0.9 in either leg. Hypertension is defined as systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medications. Patients with a history of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and smoking were excluded from this study.

Results:
A total of 139 hypertensive patients were included, 76 (54.7%) of them were female, with a mean age was 62.45 ± 8.92 years. There were 26 (18.7%) patients diagnosed with PAD, 7 (27%) of them were asymptomatic, and 19 (73%) were symptomatic. PAD was significantly higher in patients aged ≥65 years (OR = 7.51; p < 0.001) and in patients who have suffered hypertension more than five years (OR = 3.18; p = 0.023). Sex and hypertension stage did not show a significant association with PAD.

Conclusion:
PAD affected almost one-fifth of hypertensive patients in this study population. Screening of PAD in primary health care needs to be done for hypertensive patients aged ≥50 years, especially emphasized in patients aged ≥65 years and have suffered hypertension for more than 5 years.
2-7INTRADIALYTIC HYPERTENSION AMONG REGULAR HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS FOR MORE THAN FIVE YEARS
Authors: NW Sri Wardani , G Wira Mahadita , N Paramita Ayu , Y Kandarini , IG Raka Widiana , W. Sudhana 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Intradialytic hypertension was a prevalence complication of ≈5% to 15% regular hemodialysis patients and predicted cardiovascular mortality.

Objectives:
This study aims to described prevalence of intradialytic hypertension in regular hemodialysis patients who undergone hemodialysis for more than five years.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study of regular hemodialysis patients aged above 18 years who undergone hemodialysis more than 5 years. Intradialytic hypertension was defined as a rise in mean arterial pressure >15 mm Hg within or immediately post-dialysis.

Results:
This study composed of 46 (56.1%) males and 36 (43.9%) females, aged 53.49 ± 11.2973 years. Most of the patients, 73 (89%) undergone hemodialysis twice weekly and 68 (82.9%) patients with AV fistula access. 51 (62.2%) subjects were achieved Kt/V target more than equal to 1.8. Mean of hemoglobin, albumin, Tsat, Ferritin, Calcium and Phosphor were 10.75 ± 1.87 g/dL, 4.04 ± 0.42 g/dL, 31.73 ± 15.94%, 808.76 ± 878.69 ng/mL, 10.07 ± 9.65 mg/dL, and 6.24 ± 2.44 mg/dL respectively. Intradialytic hypertension was found at 9.8% (8 subjects) among HD patients for more than equal to 5 years. This study was the same as other studies that found intradialytic hypertension 5 to 15% among regular hemodialysis patients.

Conclusions:
Prevalence of Intradialytic hypertension in Sanglah Hospital was high in regular hemodialysis patients who undergone hemodialysis for more than five years.
4-4PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF HYPERTENSION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN NORTH JAKARTA PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER
Authors: Putri Lily Raudah , Lumintang Agnesstacia Vania , Handayani Luh Gede Laksmi Rahayu 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Hypertension remains an important public health challenge around the world because it could increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney damage, and other health problem, even death. An estimated 1.13 billion people worldwide have hypertension. Most of them are living in low and middle-income countries. The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is increasing from 25.8% in 2013 to 34.1 % in 2018. Meanwhile, the prevalence of hypertension in Jakarta is 33.4%. With one of the global targets for the noncommunicable disease is to reduce the prevalence of hypertension 25% by 2025, it is important to know several factors that could increase the hypertension prevalence. The study's purpose was to acknowledge the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension.

Method:
This research was a cross-sectional study of 789 patients as primary data by measuring BMI and waist circumference with questionnaire encompassed identity and risk factor of hypertension. This research was held in the Public Health Center of Penjaringan District, North Jakarta.

Result:
Research outcome showed that out of 789 respondents, 260 (33%) had pre-hypertension, 265 (33,6%) had hypertension stage 1, and 142 respondents (18%) had hypertension stage 2—only 122 (15,5%) respondents who had normal tension. Based on statistical analysis, there were some factors associated with hypertension, which were smoking, body mass index, and waist circumference. Chi-square test showed p value 0.008 between hypertension and smoking. Kruskal Wallis test showed p value of 0.020 between hypertension and body mass index, and p-value 0.002 between hypertension and waist circumference. The conclusion of this research was most of the respondents had hypertension. It also revealed that smoking, an increase in body mass index, and waist circumference became the risk factors of hypertension. This could be happened due to an unhealthy lifestyle. Therefore, recommendations should be made to enhance the monitoring of blood pressure regularly and improve health promotion of hypertension risk factors.
Hemiarthroplasty Through a Direct Anterior Approach for Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Kain Michael S. , Willier Donald 
Published: July 2020

Summary:
This video demonstrates the direct anterior approach (DAA) for placement of an uncemented hemiarthroplasty for a displaced femoral neck fracture. The DAA is an intranervous and intramuscular approach that is believed to allow patients a quicker recovery and decrease the rate of dislocation. Femoral exposure is the most challenging component of the approach. In this video, the approach is performed with the assistance of the fracture table to facilitate exposure of the femur. This step-by-step description demonstrates how to expose the femur, measure for the femoral head size, and place an uncemented femoral stem in for a unipolar hemiarthroplasty. A full capsular closure is performed by reapproximating the iliofemoral ligament after reduction. This DAA video is taken from the surgeon's point of view to facilitate visualization of the anatomy and orientation of implant placement.
Antegrade Nailing for Midshaft Femur Fractures
Authors: Neiman Rafael 
Published: July 2020

Summary:
The standard of care for treatment of midshaft femur fractures is locked intramedullary nailing. Entry point and patient position remain variables without a single universal method agreed as optimum. Morbid obesity poses additional challenges for intramedullary nailing, where special considerations must be taken. This video demonstrates supine antegrade nailing on a fracture table for a morbidly obese patient with a midshaft bisphosphonate femur fracture.
Surgical Hip Dislocation for Small Posterior Wall Fracture After Hip Subluxation
Authors: Shahien Amir A. , Wegrzyn Katarzyna , Tornetta Paul , Kain Michael S. 
Published: July 2020

Summary:
This case demonstrates a recognized association between an acetabular injury pattern and underlying morphology of the hip. In the patient discussed, hyperflexion of the hip results in the engagement of the present CAM lesion, and the resulting subluxation leads to a fracture of the posterior wall and instability of the hip. This combination of pathologies was addressed with a surgical dislocation approach to address both the CAM lesion and fix the posterior wall.
Pancreatoduodenectomy: Perspectives on a Standardized Grossing Protocol for the Practicing Pathologist
Authors: Williams Margaret , Affolter Kajsa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The pancreatoduodenectomy or Whipple procedure is a complex oncologic surgical specimen with 2 dominant yet opposing standardized grossing protocols reported in the literature, the Leeds Pathology Protocol (LP) and the bivalving technique. The LP recommends the axial slicing of the pancreatic head perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the duodenum, whereas the bivalving technique suggests sampling margins separately followed by bisecting the pancreas along the pancreatic and biliary ductal systems. An assessment can then be performed to determine which plane best serves to examine a particular tumor. This review provides a standardized grossing procedure in sufficient stepwise detail to be replicated by the practicing pathologist and is accompanied by an overview of the literature assessing strengths and limitations of both the LP and the bivalving technique. Factors that influence grossing method are discussed with diagnosis, stage, and margin status evaluated in additional detail, given their significant impact on treatment and prognosis. Consideration is given to adenocarcinoma diagnoses being dictated by the often difficult-to-determine tumor epicenter, the American Joint Commission on Cancer having recently changed their staging criteria in the eighth edition to be far more reliant on size and require enumerating lymph nodes, and the definition of a positive margin remaining controversial. An appreciation for the evidence or lack thereof allows an informed prosector to select a particular standardized method as determined by the unique characteristics of each individual tumor, which can best serve the clinician and patient.
Pulmonary Embolus of Benign Liver Tissue Following Partial Hepatectomy
Authors: Lucas Calixto-Hope G. , Kratz Johannes R. , Urisman Anatoly 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We report the case of a 55-year-old man with metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor involving the liver and lung. He underwent a left hepatectomy to resect a large mass in the liver followed by a right lung lower lobectomy 4 months later to resect a smaller mass in the lung. The histologic evaluation of the lung specimen revealed a 0.1-cm nodule of ectopic benign liver tissue within a lumen of a small pulmonary artery. Histochemical and immunohistochemical stains were consistent with benign liver and did not provide support for metastatic well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of pulmonary arterial embolization by benign liver tissue as a complication of hepatectomy.
Lights, Camera, CANCER: Principles of Macroscropic (Gross) Photography for Pathology Specimens
Authors: Song Linda H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Gross photography is used both as a teaching tool for future health care workers and as a tool in a pathologist's diagnostic arsenal. Whereas gross descriptions can often be subjective and nonstandardized (and sometimes too convoluted in complex cases), photographs can play a final role in documentation. Where words might kindle an abstract imagination of a disease process, a photograph can capture both attention and understanding. There are 4 critical principles of good gross photography: (1) background surface, (2) photograph composition, (3) lighting, and (4) extra photography tools. As gross photography plays a pivotal role in both diagnosis and teaching, it is imperative to give pathologists, pathologists in training, and pathology assistants the skills and tools to execute the perfect gross photograph.
The Vanguard Study: Human Performance Evaluation of UK National Organ Retrieval Service Teams Utilizing a Single Scrub Practitioner in Multiorgan Retrieval
Authors: Morozova Gala , Martindale Amanda B. , Richards Hugh , Stirling John , McIntyre Cecelia , Currie Ian S. 
Published: July 2020

Background.
The National Organ Retrieval Service (NORS) 2015 review recommended a single scrub practitioner provide support simultaneously to abdominal and cardiothoracic teams in UK multiorgan retrieval. Previously, this model had been used only by the combined abdominal and cardiac team in Scotland. This study reports the impact on performance as part of the Vanguard project, which utilized the single scrub practitioner role with 5 NORS teams, to determine applicability United Kingdom wide.

Methods.
Participants comprised members of abdominal (n = 56) and cardiothoracic (n = 54) teams attending UK thoraco-abdominal retrievals. Data were collected by validated psychometric scales to assess individual workload, anxiety, confidence, demands/coping resources, and teamwork. Additional data were collected through open comments and quantitative data describing context and outcome of retrieval.

Results.
Abdominal and cardiothoracic teams showed different responses when using single (Vanguard) or dual scrub practitioners (Standard). Vanguard configuration was associated with significantly higher anxiety for abdominal but not cardiothoracic teams. Perceived workload increased for abdominal teams during Vanguard but decreased for cardiothoracic teams. Scrub practitioners reported elevated anxiety and decreased confidence in retrievals using Vanguard configuration.

Conclusions.
This is the first large study examining human performance during organ retrieval in the United Kingdom. Despite previous regional success, this study showed a significant negative impact of the single scrub practitioner when extrapolated widely to UK teams. As a result of this study, NORS declined to implement the single scrub model. These data support the use of human performance analysis as an essential part of successful development in organ retrieval practice.
Did the Indian lockdown avert deaths?
Authors: Raju Suvrat 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWithin the context of SEIR models, we consider a lockdown that is both imposed and lifted at an early stage of an epidemic. We show that, in these models, although such a lockdown may delay deaths, it eventually does not avert a significant number of fatalities. Therefore, in these models, the efficacy of a lockdown cannot be gauged by simply comparing figures for the deaths at the end of the lockdown with the projected figure for deaths by the same date without the lockdown. We provide a simple but robust heuristic argument to explain why this conclusion should generalize to more elaborate compartmental models. We qualitatively discuss some important effects of a lockdown, which go beyond the scope of simple models, but could cause it to increase or decrease an epidemic’s final toll. Given the significance of these effects in India, and the limitations of currently available data, we conclude that simple epidemiological models cannot be used to reliably quantify the impact of the Indian lockdown on fatalities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Wolbachiaand host intrinsic reproductive barriers contribute additively to post-mating isolation in spider mites
Authors: Cruz Miguel A. , Magalhães Sara , Sucena Élio , Zélé Flore 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWolbachiaare widespread maternally-inherited bacteria suggested to play a role in arthropod host speciation through induction of cytoplasmic incompatibility, but this hypothesis remains controversial. Most studies addressingWolbachia-induced incompatibilities concern closely-related populations, which are intrinsically compatible. Here, we used three populations of two genetically differentiated colour forms of the haplodiploid spider miteTetranychus urticaeto dissect the interaction betweenWolbachia-induced and host-associated incompatibilities, and to assess their relative contribution to post-mating isolation. We found that these two sources of incompatibility act through different mechanisms in an additive fashion. Host-associated incompatibility contributes 1.5 times more thanWolbachia-induced incompatibility in reducing hybrid production, the former through an overproduction of haploid sons at the expense of diploid daugters (ca. 75% decrease) and the latter by increasing the embryonic mortality of daughters (byca. 49%). Furthermore, regardless of cross direction, we observed near-complete F1 hybrid sterility and complete F2 hybrid breakdown between populations of the two forms, but thatWolbachiadid not contribute to this outcome. This study identifies the mechanistic independence and additive nature of host-intrinsic andWolbachia-induced sources of isolation. It suggests thatWolbachiacould drive reproductive isolation in this system, thereby potentially affecting host differentiation and distribution in the field.
Who is dying from Covid-19 in the United Kingdom? A review of cremation authorisations from a single South Wales’ crematorium
Authors: Salmon Roland , Monaghan Stephen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCovid 19 is pandemic in the UK. To date only studies in the UK on hospital deaths have been published in the peer reviewed literature. Legal requirements for cremation in England and Wales require the collection of information that can be used to improve understanding of Covid 19 deaths in both hospital and community settings.AimTo document demographic and clinical characteristics, including likely place of infection, of individuals dying of Covid 19 to inform public health policyDesignA comprehensive case series of deaths from Covid 19 between 6 April and 30 May.SettingA crematorium in South WalesParticipantsIndividuals for whom an application was made for cremation.Main outcome measuresAge, sex, date and place of death, occupation, comorbidities, where infection acquired.ResultsOf 752 cremations, 215(28.6%) were Covid-19 of which 115 (53.5%) were male and 100 (46.5%) female. The median age was 82 years, with the youngest patient being 47 years and the oldest 103 years. Over half the deaths (121/215: 56.3%) were over 80 years. Males odds of dying in hospital, rather than the community were 1.96 times that of females (95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 1.03 −3.74, p=0.054) despite being of similar age and having a similar number of comorbidities. Only 21(9.8%) of 215 patients had no comorbidities recorded. Patients dying in nursing homes were significantly older than those dying in hospital(median 88y (IQ range 82-93y) v 80y (IQ range 71-87y): p<0.0001). Patients dying in hospital had significantly more comorbidities than those dying in nursing homes (median 2: IQ range 1-3 v. 1: IQ range 1-2: p <0.001).ConclusionsIn a representative series, comprising both hospital and community deaths, persons over 80 with an average 2 comorbidities predominated. Although men and women were represented in similar proportions, men were more likely to die in hospital. Over half the infections were acquired in either hospitals or nursing and residential homes with implications for the management of the pandemic, historically and in the future.