bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress proteins: the biological functions in virus infection, present and challenges for target-based antiviral drug development
Authors: Wan Qianya , Song Dan , Li Huangcan , He Ming-liang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStress proteins (SPs) including heat-shock proteins (HSPs), RNA chaperones, and ER associated stress proteins are molecular chaperones essential for cellular homeostasis. The major functions of HSPs include chaperoning misfolded or unfolded polypeptides, protecting cells from toxic stress, and presenting immune and inflammatory cytokines. Regarded as a double-edged sword, HSPs also cooperate with numerous viruses and cancer cells to promote their survival. RNA chaperones are a group of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), which are essential factors for manipulating both the functions and metabolisms of pre-mRNAs/hnRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II. hnRNPs involve in a large number of cellular processes, including chromatin remodelling, transcription regulation, RNP assembly and stabilization, RNA export, virus replication, histone-like nucleoid structuring, and even intracellular immunity. Dysregulation of stress proteins is associated with many human diseases including human cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s diseases, Alzheimer disease), stroke and infectious diseases. In this review, we summarized the biologic function of stress proteins, and current progress on their mechanisms related to virus reproduction and diseases caused by virus infections. As SPs also attract a great interest as potential antiviral targets (e.g., COVID-19), we also discuss the present progress and challenges in this area of HSP-based drug development, as well as with compounds already under clinical evaluation.
HOTAIRM1 regulates neuronal differentiation by modulating NEUROGENIN 2 and the downstream neurogenic cascade
Authors: Rea Jessica , Menci Valentina , Tollis Paolo , Santini Tiziana , Armaos Alexandros , Garone Maria Giovanna , Iberite Federica , Cipriano Andrea , Tartaglia Gian Gaetano , Rosa Alessandro , Ballarino Monica , Laneve Pietro , Caffarelli Elisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeuronal differentiation is a timely and spatially regulated process, relying on precisely orchestrated gene expression control. The sequential activation/repression of genes driving cell fate specification is achieved by complex regulatory networks, where transcription factors and noncoding RNAs work in a coordinated manner. Herein, we identify the long noncoding RNA HOTAIRM1 (HOXA Transcript Antisense RNA, Myeloid-Specific 1) as a new player in neuronal differentiation. We demonstrate that the neuronal-enriched HOTAIRM1 isoform epigenetically controls the expression of the proneural transcription factor NEUROGENIN 2 that is key to neuronal fate commitment and critical for brain development. We also show that HOTAIRM1 activity impacts on NEUROGENIN 2 downstream regulatory cascade, thus contributing to the achievement of proper neuronal differentiation timing. Finally, we identify the RNA-binding proteins HNRNPK and FUS as regulators of HOTAIRM1 biogenesis and metabolism. Our findings uncover a new regulatory layer underlying NEUROGENIN 2 transitory expression in neuronal differentiation and reveal a previously unidentified function for the neuronal-induced long noncoding RNA HOTAIRM1.
The choline transporter Slc44a2 controls platelet activation and thrombosis by regulating mitochondrial function
Authors: Bennett J. Allen , Mastrangelo Michael A. , Ture Sara K. , Smith Charles O. , Loelius Shannon G. , Berg Rachel A. , Shi Xu , Burke Ryan M. , Spinelli Sherry L. , Cameron Scott J. , Carey Thomas E. , Brookes Paul S. , Gerszten Robert E. , Sabater-Lleal Maria , de Vries Paul S. , Huffman Jennifer E. , Smith Nicholas L. , Morrell Craig N. , Lowenstein Charles J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGenetic factors contribute to the risk of thrombotic diseases. Recent genome wide association studies have identified genetic loci including SLC44A2 which may regulate thrombosis. Here we show that Slc44a2 controls platelet activation and thrombosis by regulating mitochondrial energetics. We find that Slc44a2 null mice (Slc44a2(KO)) have increased bleeding times and delayed thrombosis compared to wild-type (Slc44a2(WT)) controls. Platelets from Slc44a2(KO) mice have impaired activation in response to thrombin. We discover that Slc44a2 mediates choline transport into mitochondria, where choline metabolism leads to an increase in mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production. Platelets lacking Slc44a2 contain less ATP at rest, release less ATP when activated, and have an activation defect that can be rescued by exogenous ADP. Taken together, our data suggest that mitochondria require choline for maximum function, demonstrate the importance of mitochondrial metabolism to platelet activation, and reveal a mechanism by which Slc44a2 influences thrombosis.
Contextual fear memory retrieval by correlated ensembles of ventral CA1 neurons
Authors: Jimenez Jessica C. , Berry Jack E. , Lim Sean C. , Ong Samantha K. , Kheirbek Mazen A. , Hen Rene 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVentral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1) projections to the amygdala are necessary for contextual fear memory. Here we used in vivo Ca2+ imaging in mice to assess the temporal dynamics by which ensembles of vCA1 neurons mediate encoding and retrieval of contextual fear memories. We found that a subset of vCA1 neurons were responsive to the aversive shock during context conditioning, their activity was necessary for memory encoding, and these shock-responsive neurons were enriched in the vCA1 projection to the amygdala. During memory retrieval, a population of vCA1 neurons became correlated with shock-encoding neurons, and the magnitude of synchronized activity within this population was proportional to memory strength. The emergence of these correlated networks was disrupted by inhibiting vCA1 shock responses during memory encoding. Thus, our findings suggest that networks of cells that become correlated with shock-responsive neurons in vCA1 are essential components of contextual fear memory ensembles.
Involvement of hyaluronan in the adaptive changes of the rat small intestine neuromuscular function after ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Bistoletti Michela , Bosi Annalisa , Caon Ilaria , Chiaravalli Anna Maria , Moretto Paola , Genoni Angelo , Moro Elisabetta , Karousou Evgenia , Viola Manuela , Crema Francesca , Baj Andreina , Passi Alberto , Vigetti Davide , Giaroni Cristina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has severe consequences on myenteric neurons, which can be irreversibly compromised resulting in slowing of transit and hindered food digestion. Myenteric neurons synthesize hyaluronan (HA) to form a well-structured perineuronal net, which undergoes derangement when myenteric ganglia homeostasis is perturbed, i.e. during inflammation. In this study we evaluated HA involvement in rat small intestine myenteric plexus after in vivo I/R injury induced by clamping a branch of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. In some experiments, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU, 25 mg/kg), a HA synthesis inhibitor, was intraperitoneally administered to normal (CTR), sham-operated (SH) and I/R animals for 24 h. In longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (LMMP) whole-mount preparations, HA binding protein staining as well as HA levels were significantly higher in the I/R group, and were reduced after 4-MU treatment. HA synthase 1 and 2 (HAS1 and HAS2) labelled myenteric neurons and mRNA levels in LMMPs increased in the I/R group with respect to CTR, and were reduced by 4-MU. The efficiency of the gastrointestinal transit was significantly reduced in I/R and 4-MU-treated I/R groups with respect to CTR and SH groups. In the 4-MU-treated I/R group gastric emptying was reduced with respect to the CTR, SH and I/R groups. Carbachol (CCh) and electrical field (EFS, 0.1–40 Hz) stimulated contractions and EFS-induced (10 Hz) NANC relaxations were reduced in the I/R group with respect to both CTR and SH groups. After I/R, 4-MU treatment increased EFS contractions towards control values, but did not affect CCh-induced contractions. NANC on-relaxations after I/R were not influenced by 4-MU treatment. Main alterations in the neurochemical coding of both excitatory (tachykinergic) and inhibitory pathways (iNOS, VIPergic) were also observed after I/R, and were influenced by 4-MU administration. Overall, our data suggest that, after an intestinal I/R damage, changes of HA homeostasis in specific myenteric neuron populations may influence the efficiency of the gastrointestinal transit. We cannot exclude that modulation of HA synthesis in these conditions may ameliorate derangement of the enteric motor function preventing, at least in part, the development of dysmotility.
Factors and costs associated with removal of a newly established population of invasive wild pigs in Northern U.S.
Authors: Fischer Justin W. , Snow Nathan P. , Wilson Bradley E. , Beckerman Scott F. , Jacques Christopher N. , VanNatta Eric H. , Kay Shannon L. , VerCauteren Kurt C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe human-mediated spread of exotic and invasive species often leads to unintentional and harmful consequences. Invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one such species that have been repeatedly translocated throughout the United States and cause extensive damage to natural ecosystems, threatened and endangered species, agricultural resources, and private lands. In 2005, a newly established population of wild pigs was confirmed in Fulton County, Illinois, U.S. In 2011, a state-wide wild pig damage management program involving federal, state, and local government authorities directed a concerted effort to remove wild pigs from the county until the last wild pig (of 376 total) was successfully removed in 2016. We examined surveillance data from camera traps at bait sites and records of wild pig removals during this elimination program to identify environmental and anthropogenic factors that optimized removal of this population. Our results revealed that wild pigs used bait sites most during evening and nocturnal periods and on days with lower daily maximum temperatures. Increased removals of wild pigs coincided with periods of cold weather. We also identified that fidelity and time spent at bait sites by wild pigs was not influenced by increasing removals of wild pigs. Finally, the costs to remove wild pigs averaged $50 per wild pig (6.8 effort hours per wild pig) for removing the first 99% of the animals. Cost for removing the last 1% increased 84-fold, and averaged 122.8 effort hours per wild pig removed. Our results demonstrated that increased effort in removing wild pigs using bait sites should be focused during periods of environmental stress to maximize removal efficiency. These results inform elimination programs attempting to remove newly established populations of wild pigs, and ultimately prevent population and geographic expansion.
Performance prediction of crosses in plant breeding through genotype by environment interactions
Authors: Ansarifar Javad , Akhavizadegan Faezeh , Wang Lizhi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPerformance prediction of potential crosses plays a significant role in plant breeding, which aims to produce new crop varieties that have higher yields, require fewer resources, and are more adaptable to the changing environments. In the 2020 Syngenta crop challenge, Syngenta challenged participants to predict the yield performance of a list of potential breeding crosses of inbreds and testers based on their historical yield data in different environments. They released a dataset that contained the observed yields for 294,128 corn hybrids through the crossing of 593 unique inbreds and 496 unique testers across multiple environments between 2016 and 2018. To address this challenge, we designed a new predictive approach that integrates random forest and an optimization model for G $$\times $$× E interaction detection. Our computational experiment found that our approach achieved a relative root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of 0.0869 for the validation data, outperforming other state-of-the-art models such as factorization machine and extreme gradient boosting tree. Our model was also able to detect genotype by environment interactions that are potentially biologically insightful. This model won the first place in the 2020 Syngenta crop challenge in analytics.
Erlotinib can halt adenine induced nephrotoxicity in mice through modulating ERK1/2, STAT3, p53 and apoptotic pathways
Authors: Awad Ahmed M. , Saleh Mohamed A. , Abu-Elsaad Nashwa M. , Ibrahim Tarek M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRenal fibrosis is a failed regenerative process that facilitates chronic kidney disease progression. The current study was designed to study the effect of erlotinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on the progression of renal fibrosis. The study included four groups of mice: control group; adenine group: received adenine (0.2% w/w) daily with food for 4 weeks; erlotinib group: received 80 mg/kg/day erlotinib orally (6 ml/kg/day, 1.3% w/v suspension in normal saline 0.9%) for 4 weeks; adenine + erlotinib group: received adenine and erlotinib concurrently. Kidney function and antioxidant biomarkers were measured. Renal expression of Bcl2 and p53 and histopathological changes (tubular injury and renal fibrosis) were scored. Renal tissue levels of transforming growth factor-β1, p-ERK1/2 and p-STAT3 were measured. Results obtained showed significant decrease (P < 0.001) in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid in erlotinib + adenine group. Level of malondialdehyde was decreased significantly (P < 0.001) while reduced glutathione and catalase levels were increased (P < 0.01) by erlotinib concurrent administration. Erlotinib markedly reduced fibrosis and tubular injury and decreased TGF-β1, p-ERK1/2 and p-STAT3 (P < 0.5). In addition, expression level of Bcl-2 was elevated (P < 0.001) while that of p53-was reduced compared to adenine alone. Erlotinib can attenuate renal fibrosis development and progression through anti-fibrotic, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways.
Portrayal of Hearing Loss in YouTube Videos: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Manchaiah Vinaya , Bellon-Harn Monica L. , Godina Itzel Mercado , Beukes Eldré W. , Vinay  
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of the current study was to examine the source, content, understandability, and actionability of hearing loss information on YouTube videos.MethodThe study used a cross-sectional design. One hundred of the most frequently viewed YouTube videos were identified, and various data were manually coded (i.e., video source, video content, popularity measures such as number of views, likes, and dislikes). In addition, the understandability and actionability of each video were evaluated using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials rating scale.ResultsOf the 100 most viewed videos, 16 were created by consumers, 62 were professional created, and 22 were media based. Symptoms, causes, and treatment or management of hearing loss were the most frequently discussed content categories, with over 60% of all videos commenting on these areas. The overall understandability and actionability scores for the 100 videos included were 77% and 31%, respectively, indicating adequate understandability and poor actionability.ConclusionsThe YouTube videos on hearing loss focus on a range of issues. The poor actionability of these videos was a concern, as these videos may not lead to appropriate consumer actions in addressing their hearing loss. Efforts are needed to improve the quality and content of these videos to promote appropriate behavior change.
TheXMM-Newtonserendipitous survey
Authors: Webb N. A. , Coriat M. , Traulsen I. , Ballet J. , Motch C. , Carrera F. J. , Koliopanos F. , Authier J. , de la Calle I. , Ceballos M. T. , Colomo E. , Chuard D. , Freyberg M. , Garcia T. , Kolehmainen M. , Lamer G. , Lin D. , Maggi P. , Michel L. , Page C. G. , Page M. J. , Perea-Calderon J. V. , Pineau F.-X. , Rodriguez P. , Rosen S. R. , Santos Lleo M. , Saxton R. D. , Schwope A. , Tomás L. , Watson M. G. , Zakardjian A. 
Published: July 2020

Context.Sky surveys produce enormous quantities of data on extensive regions of the sky. The easiest way to access this information is through catalogues of standardised data products.XMM-Newtonhas been surveying the sky in the X-ray, ultra-violet, and optical bands for 20 years.Aims.TheXMM-NewtonSurvey Science Centre has been producing standardised data products and catalogues to facilitate access to the serendipitous X-ray sky.Methods.Using improved calibration and enhanced software, we re-reduced all of the 14 041XMM-NewtonX-ray observations, of which 11 204 observations contained data with at least one detection and with these we created a new, high quality version of theXMM-Newtonserendipitous source catalogue, 4XMM-DR9.Results.4XMM-DR9 contains 810 795 detections down to a detection significance of 3σ, of which 550 124 are unique sources, which cover 1152 degrees2(2.85%) of the sky. Filtering 4XMM-DR9 to retain only the cleanest sources with at least a 5σdetection significance leaves 433 612 detections. Of these detections, 99.6% have no pileup. Furthermore, 336 columns of information on each detection are provided, along with images. The quality of the source detection is shown to have improved significantly with respect to previous versions of the catalogues. Spectra and lightcurves are also made available for more than 288 000 of the brightest sources (36% of all detections).
Cataract Surgery Destabilises Temporary the Tear Film of the Ocular Surface
Authors: Cung Le Xuan , Nga Nguyen Thi Thanh , Nga Duong Mai , Hiep Nguyen Xuan , Pham Duy Thoai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Symptoms due to dry eye in the form of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) are often seen after cataract surgery. We investigated the influence of cataract surgery on tear film stability on the ocular surface.
Material and Methods 60 eyes of 60 patients who underwent cataract surgery were included in a prospective study in 2017 at the Eye Hospital in Hanoi (Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology). The mean age of the patients was 65 ± 10 years. The phacoemulsification was performed under topical anaesthesia by a clear corneal incision and implantation of a foldable IOL. The parameters for the evaluation of the change of the tear film included subjective patient data using the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire (OSDI), findings of the Schirmer I test, the tear break-up time (TBUT) as well as the tear meniscus height (TMH) measured noninvasively with the Keratograph 5M (Oculus). In addition, conjunctival and corneal changes were examined after vital staining with fluorescein for the cornea and rose bengal for the conjunctiva. Data were collected preoperatively, at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. According to DEWS, the disease is classified into
4 groups: mild, moderate, severe and very severe.
Results One week after surgery, the total score according to OSDI was significantly increased with a total value of 14.4 ± 4.2 (p = 0.001). Schirmer I was 15.8 ± 4.3 mm preoperatively and decreased significantly in the first postoperative week (p = 0.001), before reaching the preoperative level again after three months. TBUT was 12.6 ± 1.5 s preoperatively, decreased significantly to 9.7 ± 1.5 s during the first postoperative week, and normalized to 12.4 ± 1.3 s by the end of the third month. The meniscus height was 0.245 ± 0.055 mm preoperatively, significantly lowered to 0.229 ± 0.057 mm in the first postoperative period and nearly normalised by the third postoperative month to 0.241 ± 0.051 mm. In the first postoperative week, the rate of mild KCS was observed in 30% of patients. At one month, this decreased to 10% and at three months was no longer demonstrable in any patient.
Conclusion One of three patients experienced mild KCS after cataract surgery. The symptoms lasted up to three months. This should be taken into account preoperatively and appropriate therapy should be planned.
Zum Stand der Anwendung klinischer Ethikberatung in deutschen Kliniken für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
Authors: Wollenburg Lisa Marie , Claus Sylvia , Kieser Christian , Pollmächer Thomas 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie gibt erstmals einen umfassenden Überblick über die Verbreitung und den Entwicklungsstand der Klinischen Ethikberatung in deutschen Kliniken für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Insgesamt waren nur bei etwas mehr als der Hälfte der Kliniken Strukturen der Ethikberatung vorhanden. Umgekehrt wurden bei etwa einem Drittel der teilnehmenden Kliniken Strukturen der Ethikberatung noch nicht thematisiert, oder gar bewusst abgelehnt. Die verbleibenden Kliniken befinden sich derzeit noch im Aufbau ethischer Strukturen. Hinsichtlich der Teammerkmale und der konkreten praktischen Durchführung konnten qualitative Unterschiede zwischen den Kliniken gefunden werden. Zusammenfassend zeigte sich, dass ethische Strukturen zwar bereits in der knappen Mehrheit der deutschen psychiatrischen Kliniken etabliert sind, es aber noch erheblichen Bedarf sowohl hinsichtlich der Verbreitung als auch der Qualität der praktischen Umsetzung gibt.
Die Interaktion mit verhaltensauffälligen Menschen aus polizeilicher Perspektive
Authors: Wittmann Linus , Groen Gunter 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Polizeibeamte interagieren regelmäßig mit verhaltensauffälligen Menschen. Die vorliegende Studie soll das subjektive Erleben von Einsatzkräften im Umgang mit diesen Menschen aufzeigen, um Hinweise für den weiteren Aus- und Fortbildungsbedarf zu identifizieren. So soll ein Beitrag geleistet werden, die Interaktion zwischen der Polizei und Menschen mit Verhaltensauffälligkeiten sicherer zu gestalten.
Methodik N = 958 Polizeibeamte beantworteten schriftlich Fragen zur Häufigkeit des Umgangs, diesbezügliche Herausforderungen sowie das Erleben von Angst, Überforderung und Wissen.
Ergebnisse Polizeibeamte erleben verhaltensauffällige Menschen häufig als unberechenbar sowie verbal und körperlich aggressiv. 27,9 % der Polizisten erleben Angst und 76 % geben an, nicht über ausreichendes Wissen über Verhaltensauffälligkeiten zu verfügen.
Schlussfolgerung Die polizeiliche Aus- und Fortbildung sollte stärker auf die Vermittlung störungsbezogenen Wissens, Kommunikationsstrategien sowie Antistigmamaßnahmen abzielen.
Addendum zu den S3-Leitlinien Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa: Betreuung von Patienten mit chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen in der COVID-19-Pandemie – offene Fragen und Antworten
Authors: Stallmach Andreas , Sturm Andreas , Dignaß Axel , Kucharzik Torsten , Blumenstein Irina , Helwig Ulf , Koletzko Sibylle , Lynen Petra , Schmidt Carsten ,   Collaborators:
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19-Pandemie ist ein weltweiter Ausbruch von neu aufgetretenen Infektionen mit dem SARS-CoV-2-Virus, von denen weltweit derzeit mehr als 10.670.000 Menschen erkrankt sind bzw. waren. In Deutschland leiden ca. 450.000 Patienten an einer chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankung; diese Patienten benötigen in der Regel eine kontinuierliche und kompetente Betreuung. Vor dem Hintergrund eines rasch zunehmenden Wissenszuwachses haben 68 Experten, die die derzeit gültigen Leitlinien der DGVS zum Morbus Crohn und zur Colitis ulcerosa erstellt haben, im Rahmen einer virtuellen Konferenz aktuelle und praxisnahe Empfehlungen formuliert, um die Versorgung von CED-Patienten zu verbessern. Diese adressieren das Infektionsrisiko einschließlich des Risikos für besondere Gruppen, den möglichen Verlauf der Erkrankung und die Konsequenzen für die medikamentöse und die operative Therapie der Grunderkrankung sowie allgemeine Maßnahmen zur Infektionsprävention und adjuvante Präventions- und Therapiemöglichkeiten.