bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose or Sucrose Intakes and Plasma Levels of Essential and Nonessential Amino Acids
Authors: Takada Akikazu , Shimizu Fumiko , Ishii Yukie , Ogawa Mutsumi , Takao Tetsuya 
Published: May 2020

It is not known whether the administration of glucose or sucrose influences plasma levels of amino acids. We want to know whether plasma levels of amino acids and if the administration of glucose or sucrose are different in young and old men and are influenced by the administration of glucose or sucrose. We found that the levels of most amino acids in plasma are lower in old men than young men. When sucrose was administered to old men, levels of total amino acids decreased significantly in old men. In both old and young men plasma levels of total nonessential amino acids significantly decreased at 120 min. after the administration of glucose but not sucrose. On the other hand, total essential and branched amino acids levels decreased significantly after the administration of both glucose and sucrose in young and old men. From these results, responses to the administration of glucose were different from the response to sucrose between young and old men. Also glucose was more effective in decreasing plasma levels of various amino acids. These results seem to suggest that glucose was more effective in stimulating insulin release and young men were more responsive to sugar than old men in stimulating insulin release.
Influence of the Doping Ion Nature and Content on Defect Creation Processes under the Effect of Ionizing Radiation in Aluminoborosilicate Glasses
Authors: Malchukova Eugenia 
Published: May 2020

Effects of ionizing irradiation on defect creation processes have been studied in rare earth (RE)-doped (RE = Sm, Gd, Eu, Ce, Nd) aluminoborosilicate glass with use of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical spectroscopy. As a function of RE ion nature, we observe that doping significantly influences the nature of the defects produced during irradiation and more specifically the relative proportions between hole and electron defect centers. Strong decrease of defect production efficiency under ionizing radiation independence on both the RE doping content and on the relative stability of the RE different oxidation states is also clearly revealed. The results could be explained by dynamical reversible trapping of the electron-hole pairs produced during irradiation on the different RE charge states as well as by RE segregation and pre-existing defects speciation in ABS glass structure.
Cockroach (Periplaneta americana): Nutritional Value as Food and Feed For Man and Livestock
Authors: Boate Ukoroije, Rosemary , Suotonye Bawo, Dorcas 
Published: May 2020

Aim: To ascertain scientifically by proximate analysis, the nutrient composition and mineral contents of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana.
Study Design: Completely randomized sample design (CRD) was engaged in the study with 15 parameters replicated five (5) times, totaling seventy five experimental samples. The whole experiments were repeated in three trials.
Place and Duration of Study: Postgraduate laboratory, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria between September 2019 and February 2020.
Methodology: The nutrient composition and mineral profile of the cockroaches were ascertained using randomly selected cockroach sample while adopting standard procedures of AOAC, (1990, 2005).Statistical analysis and significant difference tested at alpha level p≤ 0.05 was done using Turkey HSD test for difference between mean while results were presented in tables. The software used was SPSS version 20.
Results: The results for proximate analysis of nutrients found in P. americana are given as follows: moisture content: 12.42±1.6%, Crude ash: 3.52±0.8%, crude protein: 8.72±1.3%, crude fat: 17.64±1.9%, fibre: 21.28±2.1%, Carbohydrate (dry method): 87.56±4.2% and Carbohydrate (free nitrogen extract): 48.76±3.1%. Furthermore, P. americana was proven rich in both micro and macro minerals in very high to low concentrations such as:calcium (468.00±9.7mg/100g), magnesium (362.00±8.5mg/100g), iron (274.60±7.4mg/100g), potassium (242.5±7.0 mg/100g), phosphorus (128.76±5.1mg/100g), sodium (110.68±4.7mg/100g), manganese (12.63±1.6mg/ 100g), copper (7.54±1.2mg/100g) and zinc (4.74±1.0mg/100g). All results were calculated as mean percentages of five experimental evaluations.
Conclusion: Cockroaches are omnivores and feed on rotten vegetables, waste products from industries such as brewer’s yeast, leftover bread, brewer’s spent grains and several other food materials, hence they are very well efficient at turning plant based feed into animal protein. This makes them efficient projectors for addressing the problem of shortage of animal proteins thereby fulfilling the food security goal of sustainable development.
Prevalence and Pattern of Skin Diseases among School Age Children at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Altraide D. D. , Alex-Hart B. A. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Skin diseases are common among school age children. In the absence of population based studies, data from hospital based studies could be a pointer to the enormity of the problem within the community.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and pattern of skin diseases among school age children at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH).
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of the records of all children aged 6-18 years seen at the dermatology clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019. Socio-demographic characteristics and diagnosis were obtained from the clinic register. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.
Results: Three hundred and forty- seven patients aged 6 -18 years were seen over the period under review. Males were 165 (47.55%) and females were 182 (52.45%). The mean age was10.79±3.35 years. The overall prevalence of skin disease was 16.3%. The five most common diagnoses were Papular urticaria 10.35%, Scabies 10.08%, Atopic dermatitis 8.72% and Dermatophyte infections 8.17%. One hundred and two (29.4%) patients out of the 347 patients with skin diseases, had transmissible skin diseases of which scabies 37 (36.27%) was the commonest.The commonest Dermatophyte infection was Tinea corporis 15 (50.00%), followed by Tinea capitis 7 (23.33%).
Conclusion: School age children made up significant number of patients seen at the dermatology clinic at UPTH and almost a third of them had transmissible skin disease. An effective School Health Programme will curb the spread of transmissible skin disease within schools in Port Harcourt.
Palynomorphs and Age Characterization of Rock Succession in Well X-1, OML 108, Offshore Niger Delta Nigeria
Authors: Asadu Anthonia Nwaneze , Odumoso Solomon Emeke 
Published: May 2020

Palynological studies in Nigeria are mainly confined to the Tertiary Niger Delta, where several studies have been carried out for the discovery of natural oil and gas in this particular basin during late 1950s. The accuracy and profitability of the exploration process can be enhanced by the micropaleontological monitoring through the palynological analysis of ditch cuttings for age determination. Fifty ditch cutting samples from intervals 8040 ft and 11010 ft of Well X-1, OML 108, Ukpokiti field, offshore Niger Delta Nigeria were analyzed for their palynofloral content, in a view to establish the biozonation framework for the purpose of age characterization of the rock succession. Palynological sample processing and analysis followed standard methods of treatments with different concentrations of Hydrochloric acid, Hydrofluoric acid and organic acid for digestion of carbonates, removal of silicates and washing or centrifuging for concentration of the palynomorphs respectively in order to liberate the palynomorphs from the extraneous organic matter in the rock matrix. The palynofloral analysis yielded a total number of forty-three (43) pollen, seven (7) spores and one dinoflagellate cyst, from which four subzones based on palynofloral assemblage of marker species, their stratigraphic tops and base including their abundance and diversity were recognized. The zones are from youngest to oldest: Stereisporites sp, Racemonocolpiteshians, Verrutricolporitesrotundiporus and Retibrevitricolporitesobodoensis/protundens zones corresponding with pollen sub zones:P850-830, P820, P780 and P770respectively, indicatingLate Miocene to Middle Miocene age.
In conclusion, the palyno – zones of this study compare well with the pollen zones of [3], therefore shows that the rock succession was deposited during the Middle to Late Miocene epoch.
Emerging roles of metazoan cell cycle regulators as coordinators of the cell cycle and differentiation
Authors: Kimata Yuu , Leturcq Maïté , Aradhya Rajaguru 
Published: May 2020

In multicellular organisms, cell proliferation must be tightly coordinated with other developmental processes to form functional tissues and organs. Despite significant advances in our understanding of how the cell cycle is controlled by conserved cell‐cycle regulators (CCRs), how the cell cycle is coordinated with cell differentiation in metazoan organisms and how CCRs contribute to this process remain poorly understood. Here, we review the emerging roles of metazoan CCRs as intracellular proliferation‐differentiation coordinators in multicellular organisms. We illustrate how major CCRs regulate cellular events that are required for cell fate acquisition and subsequent differentiation. To this end, CCRs employ diverse mechanisms, some of which are separable from those underpinning the conventional cell‐cycle‐regulatory functions of CCRs. By controlling cell‐type‐specific specification/differentiation processes alongside the progression of the cell cycle, CCRs enable spatiotemporal coupling between differentiation and cell proliferation in various developmental contexts in vivo. We discuss the significance and implications of this underappreciated role of metazoan CCRs for development, disease and evolution.
Ultrastable MXene@Pt/SWCNTs' Nanocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cui Cong , Cheng Renfei , Zhang Hui , Zhang Chao , Ma Yonghui , Shi Chao , Fan Bingbing , Wang Hailong , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDeveloping nano‐ or atom‐scale Pt‐based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of considerable importance to mitigate the issues associated with low abundance of Pt. Here, a protocol for constructing a hierarchical Pt––MXene–single‐walled carbon nanotubes' (SWCNTs) heterostructure for HER catalysts is presented. In the heterostructure, highly active nano/atom‐scale metallic Pt is immobilized on Ti3C2Tx MXene flakes (MXene@Pt) that are connected with conductive SWCNTs' network. The hierarchical heterostructure is constructed by filtrating a mixed colloidal suspension containing MXene@Pt and SWCNTs. Taking the advantages of the hydrophilicity and reducibility of MXene, the MXene@Pt colloidal suspension is prepared by spontaneously reducing Pt cations into metallic Pt without additional reductants or post‐treatments. The so‐fabricated hierarchical HER catalysts, in the form of membrane, show high stability during 800 h operation, a high volume current density of up to 230 mA cm−3 at −50 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a low overpotential of −62 mV versus RHE at the current density of −10 mA cm−2. This solution‐processed strategy offers a simple, efficient, yet scalable approach to construct stable and efficient HER catalysts. Given the properties and the structure–activity relationships of the hierarchical Pt–MXene–SWCNTs' heterostructure, other MXenes probably show greater promise in HER electrocatalysis.
Capacitive versus Pseudocapacitive Storage in MXene
Authors: Ando Yasunobu , Okubo Masashi , Yamada Atsuo , Otani Minoru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMXene electrodes in electrochemical capacitors have a distinctive behavior that is both capacitive and pseudocapacitive depending on the electrolyte. In this work, to better understand their electrochemical mechanism, first‐principles calculations based on the density functional theory combined with the implicit solvation model are used (termed as 3D reference‐interaction‐site model). From the viewpoint of their electronic states, the hydration shell prevents orbital coupling between MXene and the intercalated ions, which leads to the formation of an electric‐double layer and capacitive behavior. However, once the cations are partially dehydrated and adsorbed onto the MXene surface, because of orbital coupling of the cation states with the MXene states, particularly for surface‐termination groups, charge transfer occurs and results in a pseudocapacitive behavior.
Flow Rate Affects Nanoparticle Uptake into Endothelial Cells
Authors: Chen Yih Yang , Syed Abdullah Muhammad , MacMillan Presley , Rocheleau Jonathan V. , Chan Warren C. W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNanoparticles are commonly administered through systemic injection, which exposes them to the dynamic environment of the bloodstream. Injected nanoparticles travel within the blood and experience a wide range of flow velocities that induce varying shear rates to the blood vessels. Endothelial cells line these vessels, and have been shown to uptake nanoparticles during circulation, but it is difficult to characterize the flow‐dependence of this interaction in vivo. Here, a microfluidic system is developed to control the flow rates of nanoparticles as they interact with endothelial cells. Gold nanoparticle uptake into endothelial cells is quantified at varying flow rates, and it is found that increased flow rates lead to decreased nanoparticle uptake. Endothelial cells respond to increased flow shear with decreased ability to uptake the nanoparticles. If cells are sheared the same way, nanoparticle uptake decreases as their flow velocity increases. Modifying nanoparticle surfaces with endothelial‐cell‐binding ligands partially restores uptake to nonflow levels, suggesting that functionalizing nanoparticles to bind to endothelial cells enables nanoparticles to resist flow effects. In the future, this microfluidic system can be used to test other nanoparticle–endothelial cell interactions under flow. The results of these studies can guide the engineering of nanoparticles for in vivo medical applications.
An Electrically Modulated Single‐Color/Dual‐Color Imaging Photodetector
Authors: Li Lin , Chen Hongyu , Fang Zhimin , Meng Xianyi , Zuo Chuantian , Lv Menglan , Tian Yongzhi , Fang Ying , Xiao Zuo , Shan Chongxin , Xiao Zhengguo , Jin Zhiwen , Shen Guozhen , Shen Liang , Ding Liming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn electrically modulated single‐/dual‐color imaging photodetector with fast response speed is developed based on a small molecule (COi8DFIC)/perovskite (CH3NH3PbBr3) hybrid film. Owing to the type‐I heterojunction, the device can facilely transform dual‐color images to single‐color images by applying a small bias voltage. The photodetector exhibits two distinct cut‐off wavelengths at ≈544 nm (visible region) and ≈920 nm (near‐infrared region), respectively, without any power supply. Its two peak responsivities are 0.16 A W−1 at ≈525 nm and 0.041 A W−1 at ≈860 nm with a fast response speed (≈102 ns). Under 0.6 V bias, the photodetector can operate in a single‐color mode with a peak responsivity of 0.09 A W−1 at ≈475 nm, showing a fast response speed (≈102 ns). A physical model based on band energy theory is developed to illustrate the origin of the tunable single‐/dual‐color photodetection. This work will stimulate new approaches for developing solution‐processed multifunctional photodetectors for imaging photodetection in complex circumstances.
Electrically Micro‐Polarized Amorphous Sodo‐Niobate Film Competing with Crystalline Lithium Niobate Second‐Order Optical Response
Authors: Karam Lara , Adamietz Frédéric , Michau Dominique , Gonçalves Claudia , Kang Myungkoo , Sharma Rashi , Murugan Ganapathy Senthil , Cardinal Thierry , Fargin Evelyn , Rodriguez Vincent , Richardson Kathleen A. , Dussauze Marc 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe design of active optical devices integrating second‐order nonlinear (SONL) optical responses typically relies on the use of dielectric crystalline materials such as lithium niobate (LN) or semiconductors such as GaAs. Despite high SONL susceptibilities, these materials present important geometry constrains inherent to their crystalline nature limiting the complexity of the designed photonic systems. Conversely, amorphous materials are versatile optical media compatible with broad platform designs possessing a wide range of optical properties attributable to their composition flexibility. Demonstrated here for the first time in an amorphous inorganic material, a magnitude of SONL optical susceptibility (χ(2) = 29 pm V−1 at 1.06 µm) comparable to that of LN single crystal is reported. By using a thermo‐electrical imprinting process, fine control of the induced uniaxial anisotropy is demonstrated at the micrometer scale. This work paves the way for the future design of integrated nonlinear photonic circuits based on amorphous inorganic materials enabled by the spatially selective and high SONL optical susceptibility of these promising and novel optical materials.
Nonlinear Optical Response in Natural van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Li Jie , Yang Ke , Du Lin , Yi Jun , Huang Jing , Zhang Jinrui , He Yuan , Huang Bin , Miao Lili , Zhao Chujun , Wen Shuangchun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVan der Waals heterostructures (vdWH) composed from individual 2D crystals offer a platform to obtain unprecedented functionalities that are not accessible in other heterostructures. The research to date has been largely limited to exfoliated and restacked flakes, and the controlled growth of such heterostructures remains a significant challenge. Here, an experimental study of the broadband nonlinear optical performance of a naturally occurring vdWH franckeite is presented, which is composed of alternating SnS2‐like and PbS‐like layers stacked on top of each other. Few‐layer franckeite is prepared via liquid‐phase exfoliation method and its broadband ultrafast third‐order nonlinear optical behavior is characterized experimentally. It is found that the layered franckeite exhibits broadband nonlinear optical response and the ultrafast carrier dynamics with the intraband carrier recovery time of ≈16 ps and the interband carrier recovery time of ≈300 ps. With the large optical nonlinearity of layered franckeite, the all‐optical modulator and switcher have been demonstrated based on the spatial phase modulation effect. The experimental results provide a fundamental understanding of the ultrafast nonlinear optical response in a complex naturally occurring vdWH, and may pave an avenue toward developing novel broadband optoelectronic devices.
Double Carbonylation Reactions: Overview and Recent Advances
Authors: Das Debarati , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe compounds like amides, carbamates, oxamates, oxamides, α‐keto amides, diketones, esters, ureas, etc. find extensive applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and organic synthesis. The classical syntheses of these compounds often involve cumbersome routes involving toxic chemicals. The carbonylation reactions such as aminocarbonylation, alkoxycarbonylation, oxidative carbonylation and double carbonylation deliver as an efficient and attractive alternative to the conventional synthetic routes even at industrial scales. The catalytic single carbonylation reactions are extensively studied, however, catalytic double carbonylation reactions are not explored for several potential applications. This review covers literature on the use of different types of catalysts involving various metals like Pd, Cu, Fe, Co, Rh and Ni for double carbonylation reactions along with the chemistry of associated ligands. It also covers double carbonylation with different types of substrates with the discussion related to the mechanism of formation of mono‐ and di‐carbonylation products. The notable introduction of several CO‐surrogates and exploration of their efficiency have solved the problems related to the toxicity of CO. CO‐surrogates used for double carbonylation reactions are also discussed.magnified image
Strategy to Enhance Dendritic Cell‐Mediated DNA Vaccination in the Lung
Authors: Kim Yoo C. , Hsueh Henry T. , Kim Namho , Rodriguez Jason , Leo Kirby T. , Rao Divya , West Natalie E. , Hanes Justin , Suk Jung Soo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHere, a new paradigm is introduced to promote pulmonary DNA vaccination. Specifically, it is demonstrated that nanoparticles designed to rapidly penetrate airway mucus (mucus‐penetrating particle or MPP) enhance the delivery of an inhaled model DNA vaccine (i.e., ovalbumin‐expressing plasmids) to pulmonary dendritic cells (DC), leading to robust and durable local and trans‐mucosal immunity. In contrast, mucus‐impermeable particles are poorly taken up by pulmonary DC following inhalation, despite their superior ability to mediate DC uptake in vitro compared to MPP. In addition to the enhanced immunity achieved in mucosal surfaces, inhaled MPP unexpectedly provides significantly greater systemic immune responses compared to gold‐standard approaches applied in the clinic for systemic vaccination, including intradermal injection and intramuscular electroporation. It is also shown here that inhaled MPP significantly enhances the survival of an orthotopic mouse model of aggressive lung cancer compared to the gold‐standard approaches. Importantly, it is discovered that MPP‐mediated pulmonary DNA vaccination induces memory T‐cell immunity, particularly the ready‐to‐act effector memory‐biased phenotype, both locally and systemically. The findings here underscore the importance of breaching the airway mucus barrier to facilitate DNA vaccine uptake by pulmonary DC and thus to initiate full‐blown immune responses.
Vertical‐Tunneling Field‐Effect Transistor Based on WSe2‐MoS2 Heterostructure with Ion Gel Dielectric
Authors: Jeon Hyun Bae , Shin Gwang Hyuk , Lee Khang June , Choi Sung‐Yool 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA p‐type tunneling field‐effect transistor is demonstrated based on a van der Waals vertical heterostructure of WSe2 and MoS2, utilizing the ion gel dielectric as top gate. Band‐to‐band tunneling is achieved by modulating the band alignment of the heterojunction of WSe2 and MoS2 with gating the WSe2 channel through ion gel top gate. A fabricated tunneling field‐effect transistor shows a minimum subthreshold swing of 36 mV dec−1 and ON/OFF current ratio of 106 at room temperature. Furthermore, evidence of band‐to‐band tunneling is clearly confirmed through temperature dependent I–V characteristics. This work holds considerable promise for the low‐power computational devices based on integrated circuits.