bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ measurement of the isoplanatic patch for imaging through intact bone
Authors: Forouhesh Tehrani Kayvan , Koukourakis Nektarios , Czarske Jürgen , Mortensen Luke J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWavefront‐shaping (WS) enables imaging through scattering tissues like bone, which is important for neuroscience and bone‐regeneration research. WS corrects for the optical aberrations at a given depth and field‐of‐view (FOV) within the sample; the extent of the validity of which is limited to a region known as the isoplanatic patch (IP). Knowing this parameter helps to estimate the number of corrections needed for WS imaging over a given FOV. In this paper, we first present direct transmissive measurement of murine skull IP using digital optical phase conjugation based focusing. Second, we extend our previously reported phase accumulation ray tracing (PART) method to provide in‐situ in‐silico estimation of IP, called correlative PART (cPART). Our results show an IP range of 1 to 3 μm for mice within an age range of 8 to 14 days old and 1.00 ± 0.25 μm in a 12‐week old adult skull. Consistency between the two measurement approaches indicates that cPART can be used to approximate the IP before a WS experiment, which can be used to calculate the number of corrections required within a given field of view.
The cultural persona as nexus between structural marginalization and youth risk behavior
Authors: Edberg Mark 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStructural marginalization exerts its effects through multiple social‐ecological levels down to the individual behavior of youth violence and related risks. However, there is very little research or theoretical literature documenting or specifying mechanisms, paths, and linkages across levels. This paper traces one path in which long‐term structural constraints intersect with the adolescent development process via a construct called thecultural persona—a form of archetype or model that embodies the value‐structure, role, and performance of violence and related risk behavior within the kinds of underground or street economies that develop and persist in high‐poverty communities as an outcome of structural marginalization. This mechanism is described, together with its limitations, along with examples and recommendations for interventions and further research.
“It's the nature of the beast”: Community resilience among gender diverse individuals
Authors: Bowling Jessamyn , Vercruysse Chloe , Bello‐Ogunu Faustina , Krinner Lisa Maria , Greene Taryn , Webster Caitlan , Dahl Alicia Anne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMarginalization causes gender diverse individuals to experience increased stress compared with cisgender individuals, such as social stigma and discrimination, which can lead to poor physical and mental health outcomes. This population uses various resources to cope with these challenges, including community social support. This qualitative research aimed to understand how gender diverse individuals perceive their community resilience. Supported by a community partner organization, we recruitedN = 20 gender diverse participants for semi‐structured interviews analyzed through inductive thematic qualitative analysis. The data revealed similarities with community resilience factors observed among other minority groups as well as novelty. Themes emerged on both individual and group levels and include strengths (e.g., opening to the group, role modeling for resilience, and group resources) and threats to community resilience (e.g., social anxiety, physical health conditions, and stigma). This paper informs the development of community resilience interventions in the context of gender diversity.
Multifaceted behavior of PEST sequence enriched nuclear proteins in cancer biology and role in gene therapy
Authors: Sarfraz Muhammad , Afzal Attia , Khattak Saadullah , Saddozai Umair A. K. , Li Hui‐Min , Zhang Qian‐Qian , Madni Asadullah , Haleem Kashif S. , Duan Shao‐Feng , Wu Dong‐Dong , Ji Shao‐Ping , Ji Xin‐Ying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe amino acid sequence enriched with proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S), and threonine (T) (PEST) is a signal‐transducing agent providing unique features to its substrate nuclear proteins (PEST‐NPs). The PEST motif is responsible for particular posttranslational modifications (PTMs). These PTMs impart distinct properties to PEST‐NPs that are responsible for their activation/inhibition, intracellular localization, and stability/degradation. PEST‐NPs participate in cancer metabolism, immunity, and protein transcription as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors. Gene‐based therapeutics are getting the attention of researchers because of their cell specificity. PEST‐NPs are good targets to explore as cancer therapeutics. Insights into PTMs of PEST‐NPs demonstrate that these proteins not only interact with each other but also recruit other proteins to/from their active site to promote/inhibit tumors. Thus, the role of PEST‐NPs in cancer biology is multivariate. It is hard to obtain therapeutic objectives with single gene therapy. An especially designed combination gene therapy might be a promising strategy in cancer treatment. This review highlights the multifaceted behavior of PEST‐NPs in cancer biology. We have summarized a number of studies to address the influence of structure and PEST‐mediated PTMs on activation, localization, stability, and protein–protein interactions of PEST‐NPs. We also recommend researchers to adopt a pragmatic approach in gene‐based cancer therapy.
Myostatin site‐directed mutation and simultaneous PPARγ site‐directed knockin in bovine genome
Authors: Ge Luxing , Kang Jian , Dong Xiangchen , Luan Deji , Su Guanghua , Li Guangpeng , Zhang Yong , Quan Fusheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMost studies on the acquisition of advantageous traits in transgenic animals only focus on monogenic traits. In practical applications, transgenic animals need to possess multiple advantages. Therefore, multiple genes need to be edited simultaneously. CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been widely used in many research fields. However, few studies on endogenous gene mutation and simultaneous exogenous gene insertion performed via CRISPR/Cas9 technology are available. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to achieve myostatin (MSTN) point mutation and simultaneous peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ) site‐directed knockin in the bovine genome. The feasibility of this gene editing strategy was verified on a myoblast model. The same gene editing strategy was used to construct a mutant myoblast model with MSTN mutation and simultaneous PPARγ knockin. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot analyses were used to detect the expression levels of MSTN and PPARγ in the mutant myoblast. Results showed that this strategy can inhibit the expression of MSTN and promote the expression of PPARγ. The cell counting kit‐8 cell proliferation analysis, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine cell proliferation analysis, myotube fusion index statistics, oil red O staining, and triglyceride content detection revealed that the proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and adipogenic transdifferentiation abilities of the mutant myoblasts were higher than those of the wild myoblasts. Finally, transgenic bovine embryos were obtained via somatic cell nuclear transfer. This study provides a breeding material and technical strategy to breed high‐quality bovine and a gene editing method to realize the mutation of endogenous genes and simultaneous insertion of exogenous genes in genomes.
Prenatal exposure to hesperidin improves reflexive motor behaviors in mice offspring
Authors: Khodadadeh Ava , Hassanpour Shahin , Akbari Ghasem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrenatal exposure during the embryonic period has positive or adverse effect on newborn brain development. Neuroprotective activity of the hesperidin is well documented but there is no evidence for maternal exposure to hesperidin on offspring reflexive motor behaviors. So, the aim of the current study was to determine the prenatal exposure to hesperidin on reflexive motor behaviors in mice offspring. Forty pregnant female NMRI mice (8–10 weeks old) were allocated into four groups. Group 1 kept as control and groups 2–4 intraperitoneal (i.p) injected with hesperidin (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) on days of 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17 of pregnancy. The control group injected with saline at the same days. Following delivery, 20 pups from each litter were selected and reflexive motor behaviors determined using ambulation, hind‐limb foot angle, surface righting, hind‐limb strength, grip strength, front‐limb suspension, and negative geotaxis tests. At the end of the study serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were determined. According to the results, maternal exposure to hesperidin (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) increased ambulation score, front‐limb suspension time, and hind‐limb suspension score in mice offspring compared to the control group (p < .05). Hesperidin (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) decreased hind‐limb foot angle in mice offspring compared to the control group (p < .05). Prenatal exposure to hesperidin (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) significantly increased the surface righting and grip strength in comparison to the control group (p < .05). Hesperidin (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) decreased MDA and increased SOD and GPx levels in mice offspring (p < .05). These results suggested hesperidin exposure during pregnancy has positive effect on reflexive motor behaviors in mice offspring may be due to its antioxidant activity.
Quantitative retrospective natural history modeling for orphan drug development
Authors: Garbade Sven F. , Zielonka Matthias , Komatsuzaki Shoko , Kölker Stefan , Hoffmann Georg F. , Hinderhofer Katrin , Mountford William K. , Mengel Eugen , Sláma Tomáš , Mechler Konstantin , Ries Markus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe natural history of most rare diseases is incompletely understood and usually relies on studies with low level of evidence. Consistent with the goals for future research of rare disease research set by the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium in 2017, the purpose of this paper is to review the recently developed method of quantitative retrospective natural history modeling (QUARNAM) and to illustrate its usefulness through didactically selected analyses examples in an overall population of 849 patients worldwide with seven (ultra‐) rare neurogenetic disorders. A quantitative understanding of the natural history of the disease is fundamental for the development of specific interventions and counseling afflicted families. QUARNAM has a similar relationship to a published case study as a meta‐analysis has to an individual published study. QUARNAM relies on sophisticated statistical analyses of published case reports focusing on four research questions: How long does it take to make the diagnosis? How long do patients live? Which factors predict disease severity (eg, genotypes, signs/symptoms, biomarkers)? Where can patients be recruited for studies? Useful statistical techniques include Kaplan‐Meier estimates, cluster analysis, regression techniques, binary decisions trees, word clouds, and geographic mapping. In comparison to other natural history study methods (prospective studies or retrospective studies such as chart reviews), QUARNAM can provide fast information on hard clinical endpoints (ie, survival, diagnostic delay) with a lower effort. The choice of method for a particular drug development program may be driven by the research question and may encompass combinatory approaches.
TNF‐α suppresses SHOX2 expression via NF‐κB signaling pathway and promotes intervertebral disc degeneration and related pain in a rat model
Authors: Ye Fubiao , Xu Yang , Lin Feiyue , Zheng Zhaomin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to verify the relative expression patterns of SHOX2 and its regulation by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) during the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). A rat disc‐degeneration model was subjected to disc puncture (DP) and intradiscal injections with TNF‐α to determine the roles of TNF‐α and SHOX2 expression in IVDD in vivo. TNF‐α and SHOX2 expression patterns in different degenerative rat nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effects of TNF‐α on IVDD were determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pain development of wet‐dog shakes (WDS) were blinded assessment by pain‐behavior testing, respectively. Changes in TNF‐α on SHOX2 expression were measured by Western blot analysis and real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The roles of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) in TNF‐α‐mediated SHOX2 activation were studied using viral transfection, Western blot analysis, and real‐time RT‐PCR. In vivo, TNF‐α accelerated the process of IVDD and suppressed SHOX2 expression; compared to the DP group, WDS was significantly increased in TNF‐α intradiscal injection group at 2 to 6 weeks after puncture (P < .05); In NP cells, TNF‐α negatively affected the IVDD‐associated SHOX2 suppression. While TNF‐α promotes IVDD through activation of both MAPK and NF‐κB signaling, it seemed that only NF‐κB signaling controlled the TNF‐α‐mediated SHOX2 suppression that is associated with IVDD. The results of this study indicated that TNF‐α inhibits SHOX2 expression and has promoted effects on IVDD in the rat model, and these effects might be associated with through NF‐κB signaling pathway and promotes IVDD and related pain in a rat model.
Acoustic analysis to monitor implant seating and early detect fractures in cementless THA: An in vivo study
Authors: Goossens Quentin , Pastrav Leonard , Roosen Jorg , Mulier Michiel , Desmet Wim , Vander Sloten Jos , Denis Kathleen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe initial stability of cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) implants is obtained by an interference fit that allows osseointegration for a long term secondary stability of the implant. Yet, finding the insertion endpoint that corresponds to an appropriate initial stability is currently often based on a number of subjective experiences of the orthopedic surgeon, which can be challenging. In order to assist the orthopedic surgeons in their pursuit to find this optimal initial stability, this study aims to determine whether the analysis of sound that results from the implant insertion hammer blows can be used to objectively monitor the insertion process of cementless THA implants. An in vivo study was conducted. The experimental results revealed vibro‐acoustic behavior sensitive to implant seating, related to the low frequency content of the response spectra. This sensitive low‐frequency behavior was quantified by a set of specific vibro‐acoustic features and metrics that reflected the power and similarity of the low‐frequency response. These features and metrics allowed monitoring the implant seating and their convergence agreed well with the endpoint of insertion as determined by the orthopedic surgeon. Intraoperative fractures caused an abrupt and opposite change of the vibro‐acoustic behavior prior to the notification of the fracture by the orthopedic surgeon. The observation of such an abrupt change in the vibro‐acoustic behavior can be an important early warning for loss of implant stability. The presented vibro‐acoustic measurement method shows potential to serve as a decision supporting source of information as it showed to reflect the implant seating.
Quaternary exhumation history of the NE Tibetan Plateau revealed by peculiar distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in core extracts from the Sanhu depression, eastern Qaidam basin
Authors: Yin Mengsha , Huang Haiping 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTReworked organic matter (ROM) has been frequently encountered in fresh organic matter (FOM) in young sedimentary basins. Our study reports an ROM‐dominated sequence from 21 borehole cores of the Late Pliocene–Quaternary strata in the Sanhu depression of the eastern Qaidam basin in northwestern China. Reworked organic matter occurrence is confirmed by Rock‐Eval pyrolysis results, high Ro values, and reversed polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) maturity trends showing elevated maturities. Rock–source correlation using molecular fingerprints of biomarkers shows ROM was derived from Jurassic freshwater lacustrine source rocks dominated by terrestrial input, contrasting the immature Quaternary FOM developed in anoxic, saline lacustrine facies. The ROM provenance is traced northward to the southern Qilian Mountains. Maximum burial depths of ROM prior to erosion have been inferred by a burial depth–Rc (calculated vitrinite reflectance) correlation. Two chronological boundaries (1.83 Ma and 3.12 Ma) displaying distinct biomarker fingerprints are obtained from a previously reported chronological framework in the study area. Accordingly, an eroded thickness of 1214 m and an average erosion rate of 94 cm/ka of the ROM provenance areas during this temporal interval are derived. Our study has illustrated the potential value of geochemical compositions of ROM with constrained provenances in investigating the exhumation history of a mountain.
Preparedness of the cancer hospitals and changes in oncosurgical practices during COVID‐19 pandemic in India: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Singh Hemant Kumar , Patil Vijayraj , Chaitanya Ganne , Nair Deepa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCoronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has impacted cancer care across India. This study aimed to assess (a) organizational preparedness of hospitals (establishment of screening clinics, COVID‐19 wards/committees/intensive care units [ICUs]/operating rooms [ORs]), (b) type of major/minor surgeries performed, and (c) employee well‐being (determined by salary deductions, paid leave provisions, and work in‐rotation).MethodsThis online questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional study was distributed to 480 oncosurgeons across India. We used χ2 statistics to compare responses across geographical areas (COVID‐19 lockdown zones and city tiers) and type of organization (government/private, academic/nonacademic, and dedicated/multispecialty hospitals). P < .05 was considered significant.ResultsTotal of 256 (53.3%) oncologists completed the survey. About 206 hospitals in 85 cities had screening clinics (98.1%), COVID‐19 dedicated committees (73.7%), ward (67.3%), ICU's (49%), and OR's (36%). Such preparedness was higher in tier‐1 cities, government, academic, and multispecialty hospitals. Dedicated cancer institutes continued major surgeries in all oncological subspecialties particularly in head and neck (P = .006) and colorectal oncology (P = .04). Employee well‐being was better in government hospitals.ConclusionHospitals have implemented strategies to continue cancer care. Despite limited resources, the significant risk associated and financial setbacks amidst nationwide lockdown, oncosurgeons are striving to prioritize and balance the oncologic needs and safety concerns of cancer patients across the country.
miR‐140 inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts through ras homolog gene family, member A ‐transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ‐binding motif pathway
Authors: Cui Zhao , Wang Xiao‐Ning , Lu Ying , Wu Peng , Zhao Hong‐Guang , Li Qiu‐Lin , Xu Yun‐He 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOsteogenesis induced by mechanical stretch is the main factor affecting the orthodontic treatment. Due to the masticatory force transmitted by tooth, human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) could enhance osteogenic differentiation, and remolding of periodontal. Therefore, in‐depth study of hPDLFs osteogenic differentiation and its regulatory mechanism is helpful in the understanding of periodontal remolding promoted by orthodontic force. In the present study, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide showed that miR‐140 inhibited the viability of hPDLFs cells. Moreover, we provided evidence that miR‐140 inhibited alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red S (ARS) activity and the mRNA expression of osteogenesis associated genes, including ALP, runt‐related transcription factor 2, collagen 1, and osteocalcin. Besides, double‐luciferase reporter result demonstrated that Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) was a downstream target gene of miR‐140, and by inhibiting RhoA‐transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ) signaling pathway, miR‐140 suppressed the osteogenesis differentiation of hPDLFs. Furthermore, overexpression of RhoA or TAZ promoted ALP activity, ARS activity and osteogenesis associated genes expression, which was inhibited by miR‐140 mimics. Our findings not only provided a possible mechanism of hPDLFs osteogenic differentiation but also proposed the clinical application of miR‐140 inhibitor to target RhoA‐TAZ for orthodontic treatment.
When does an ethical attribute matter for product evaluation? The role of warm‐glow feelings for low‐rated products
Authors: Bezençon Valéry , Girardin Florent , Lunardo Renaud 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch on the effects of ethical attributes has recently gained traction. However, limited research has addressed consumer response to ethical attributes in the current context where product ratings have become of primary importance to make decisions. Specifically, this study examines the relative effect of ethical attributes on product evaluations across different product ratings. Building on cue consistency theory and the negativity bias, we suggest that ethical attributes gain weight when consumers evaluate a low‐rated product. This process leads consumers to anticipate more warm‐glow feelings, generating better evaluations for such low‐rated products featuring an ethical attribute (vs. another type of attribute). Two experiments provide consistent empirical support for this prediction, and demonstrate that, compared to other attributes or no attribute, an ethical attribute increases product evaluations to a larger extent when the product received low (vs. higher) ratings. We show that this effect occurs because of warm‐glow feelings: when product ratings are low, consumers anticipate more warm‐glow feelings from purchasing a product with an ethical attribute (vs. another type of attribute), leading to better product evaluations. These findings have direct managerial and ethical implications for practitioners.