bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of algorithms to estimate gestational age at birth in the Medicaid Analytic eXtract—Quantifying the misclassification of maternal drug exposure during pregnancy
Authors: Zhu Yanmin , Hampp Christian , Wang Xi , Albogami Yasser , Wei Yu‐Jung Jenny , Brumback Babette A. , Roussos‐Ross Dikea , Winterstein Almut G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeAccurate ascertainment of gestational age (GA) has been a challenge in perinatal epidemiologic research. To date, no study has validated GA algorithms in Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX).MethodsWe linked livebirths of mothers enrolled in Medicaid ≥30 days after delivery in 1999‐2010 MAX to state birth certificates. We used clinical/obstetric estimate of gestation on the birth certificates as gold standard to validate claims‐based GA algorithms. We calculated the proportions of deliveries with algorithm‐estimated GA within 1−/2‐weeks of the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive value (PPV/NPV) of exposure to select medications during specific gestation windows, and quantified the impact of exposure misclassification on hypothetical relative risk (RR) estimates.ResultsWe linked 1 336 495 eligible deliveries. Within 1‐week agreement was 77%‐80% overall and 47%‐56% for preterm deliveries. The trimester‐specific drug exposure status had high sensitivities and PPVs (88.5%‐98.5%), and specificities and NPVs (>99.0%). Assuming a hypothetical RR of 2.0, bias associated with exposure misclassification during first trimester ranged from 10% to 40% under non‐differential/differential misclassification assumptions.ConclusionsClaims‐based GA algorithms had good agreement with the gold standard overall, but lower agreement among preterm deliveries, potentially resulting in biased risk estimated for pregnancy exposure evaluations.
The Quantum Ecosystem and Its Future Workforce
Authors: Venegas‐Gomez Araceli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is no doubt, we are entering the second quantum revolution. Every week some exciting news about quantum technologies appears in the media. Nowadays, several countries worldwide have initiated a quantum program to develop this emerging market. However, this will require having a highly trained and skilled workforce. How can society be ready when the time comes?
A Study on Nitration of 4,10‐Dibenzyl‐2,6,8,12‐Tetraacetyl‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐Hexaazaisowurtzitane
Authors: Surmachev Vladimir N. , Kubasova Valentina A. , Zimin Dmitri E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHere we explored the nitration of 4,10‐dibenzyl‐2,6,8,12‐tetraacetylhexaazaisowurtzitane (TADB) and isolated and identified all the nitration intermediates. The substitution of the first acetyl group was found to be a key stage in this process. It is this stage where side destructive reactions of the hexaazaisowurtzitane cage take place actively, reducing the yield of CL‐20.
Estimand framework: Are we asking the right questions? A case study in the solid tumor setting
Authors: Casey Michelle , Degtyarev Evgeny , Lechuga María José , Aimone Paola , Ravaud Alain , Motzer Robert J. , Liu Feng , Stalbovskaya Viktoriya , Tang Rui , Butler Emily , Sailer Oliver , Halabi Susan , George Daniel 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe estimand framework requires a precise definition of the clinical question of interest (the estimand) as different ways of accounting for “intercurrent” events post randomization may result in different scientific questions. The initiation of subsequent therapy is common in oncology clinical trials and is considered an intercurrent event if the start of such therapy occurs prior to a recurrence or progression event. Three possible ways to account for this intercurrent event in the analysis are to censor at initiation, consider recurrence or progression events (including death) that occur before and after the initiation of subsequent therapy, or consider the start of subsequent therapy as an event in and of itself. The new estimand framework clarifies that these analyses address different questions (“does the drug delay recurrence if no patient had received subsequent therapy?” vs “does the drug delay recurrence with or without subsequent therapy?” vs “does the drug delay recurrence or start of subsequent therapy?”). The framework facilitates discussions during clinical trial planning and design to ensure alignment between the key question of interest, the analysis, and interpretation. This article is a result of a cross‐industry collaboration to connect the International Council for Harmonisation E9 addendum concepts to applications. Data from previously reported randomized phase 3 studies in the renal cell carcinoma setting are used to consider common intercurrent events in solid tumor studies, and to illustrate different scientific questions and the consequences of the estimand choice for study design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
Epidemiology of human adenovirus associated with respiratory infection in southern Brazil
Authors: Pscheidt Veridiane Maria , Gregianini Tatiana Schäffer , Martins Letícia Garay , Veiga Ana Beatriz Gorini da 
Published: November 2020

SummaryHuman adenoviruses (HAdVs) are associated with respiratory infection in the human population worldwide, but HAdV is underreported and less studied than other respiratory viruses. We investigated HAdV in patients with respiratory infection in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, between 2004 and 2018. The frequency and seasonality of HAdV, clinical symptoms and underlying diseases were analysed. Respiratory samples from outpatients with acute respiratory illness (ARI) who attended sentinel units and from inpatients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) were collected for HAdV detection by immunofluorescence assay; demographic and clinical data were analysed. In total, 43,514 cases of respiratory infection were analysed, of which 8,901 were ARI (20.5%), and 34,613 (79.5%) were SARI. Respiratory viruses were detected in 35.8% of the cases. The frequency of HAdV in relation to respiratory viruses was 2.8%. HAdV circulated year‐round, with higher frequency during winter and early spring; increases in the average monthly temperature were associated with decreases in HAdV infections (p = 0.013). Most hospitalized patients with HAdV were male (p = 0.003). HAdV infection showed association with age (p < 0.001), and children between 1 and 5 years old accounted for 30.8% of the outpatients, whereas among cases of SARI, 88.2% were paediatric patients. Among inpatients with HAdV, 3% died, and of these, the majority had at least one underlying condition, such as cardiopathy and immunosuppression. HAdV infection of the respiratory tract causes morbidity and mortality, and individuals with heart diseases and the immunocompromised are at higher risk of fatality.
Bi‐Based Electrode Materials for Alkali Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Anni , Hong Wanwan , Yang Li , Tian Ye , Qiu Xuejing , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlkali metal (Li, Na, K) ion batteries with high energy density are urgently required for large‐scale energy storage applications while the lack of advanced anode materials restricts their development. Recently, Bi‐based materials have been recognized as promising electrode candidates for alkali metal‐ion batteries due to their high volumetric capacity and suitable operating potential. Herein, the latest progress of Bi‐based electrode materials for alkali metal‐ion batteries is summarized, mainly focusing on synthesis strategies, structural features, storage mechanisms, and the corresponding electrochemical performance. Particularly, the optimization of electrode–electrolyte interphase is also discussed. In addition, the remaining challenges and further perspectives of Bi‐based electrode materials are outlined. This review aims to provide comprehensive knowledge of Bi‐based materials and offer a guideline toward more applications in high‐performance batteries.
2D Sandwiched Nano Heterostructures Endow MoSe2/TiO2−x/Graphene with High Rate and Durability for Sodium Ion Capacitor and Its Solid Electrolyte Interphase Dependent Sodiation/Desodiation Mechanism
Authors: Liu Cai , Zhang Miaoxin , Zhang Xin , Wan Biao , Li Xiaona , Gou Huiyang , Wang Yexin , Yin Fuxing , Wang Gongkai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNano heterostructures relying on their versatile construction and the breadth of combined functionality have shown great potential in energy storage fields. Herein, 2D sandwiched MoSe2/TiO2−x/graphene nano heterostructures are designed by integrating structural and functional effects of each component, aiming to address the rate capability and cyclic stability of MoSe2 for sodium ion capacitors (SICs). These 2D nano heterostructures based on graphene platform can facilitate the interfacial electron transport, giving rise to fast reaction kinetics. Meanwhile, the 2D open structure induces a large extent of surface capacitive contribution, eventually leading to a high rate capability (415.2 mAh g−1@ 5 A g−1). An ultrathin oxygen deficient TiO2−x layer sandwiched in these nano heterostructures provides a strong chemical‐anchoring regarding the products generated during the sodiation/desodiation process, securing the entire cyclic stability. The associated sodiation/desodiation mechanism is revealed by operando and ex situ characterizations, which exhibits a strong solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) dependence. The simulations verify the dependent sodiation products and enhanced heterostructural chemical‐anchoring. Assembled SICs based on these nano heterostructures anode exhibit high initial Coulombic efficiency, energy/power densities, and long cycle life, shedding new light on the design of nano heterostructure electrodes for high performance energy storage application.
New insights into homoeologous copy number variations in the hexaploid wheat genome
Authors: Juery Caroline , Concia Lorenzo , De Oliveira Romain , Papon Nathan , Ramírez‐González Ricardo , Benhamed Moussa , Uauy Cristobal , Choulet Frédéric , Paux Etienne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBread wheat is an allohexaploid species originating from two successive and recent rounds of hybridization between three diploid species that were very similar in terms of chromosome number, genome size, TE content, gene content and synteny. As a result, it has long been considered that most of the genes were in three pairs of homoeologous copies. However, these so‐called triads represent only one half of wheat genes, while the remaining half belong to homoeologous groups with various number of copies across subgenomes. In this study, we examined and compared the distribution, conservation, function, expression and epigenetic profiles of triads with homoeologous groups having undergone a deletion (dyads) or a duplication (tetrads) in one subgenome. We show that dyads and tetrads are mostly located in distal regions and have lower expression level and breadth than triads. Moreover, they are enriched in functions related to adaptation and more associated with the repressive H3K27me3 modification. Altogether, these results suggest that triads mainly correspond to housekeeping genes and are part of the core genome, while dyads and tetrads belong to the Triticeae dispensable genome. In addition, by comparing the different categories of dyads and tetrads, we hypothesize that, unlike most of the allopolyploid species, subgenome dominance and biased fractionation are absent in hexaploid wheat. Differences observed between the three subgenomes are more likely related to two successive and ongoing waves of post‐polyploid diploidization, that had impacted A and B more significantly than D, as a result of the evolutionary history of hexaploid wheat.
High‐precision isotopic analysis of essential mineral elements: capabilities as a diagnostic/prognostic tool
Authors: Vanhaecke Frank , Costas‐Rodríguez Marta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAll elements with two or more isotopes show natural variation in their isotopic composition as a result of the isotope fractionation that accompanies (bio)chemical reactions and (bio)physical processes. Multicollector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS) offers the precision required to reveal and quantify the differences in isotope ratios thus caused, although they are often of sub‐permil magnitude only. Using MC‐ICP‐MS, it has been shown that (a) in different body compartments, essential mineral elements may display different isotopic compositions, and (b) disease conditions may alter the isotopic composition of an essential mineral element in a biofluid and/or tissue. As a result, high‐precision isotopic analysis of these elements is a powerful way to unravel the actual role these essential mineral elements play in specific biochemical processes. Moreover, isotope ratio shifts also show promise as a diagnostic or prognostic tool. Despite the intensive sample pretreatment preceding MC‐ICP‐MS isotopic analysis and the high purchase and running costs of the instrumentation, this approach may be valuable, especially for diseases that can otherwise only be established at a later stage and/or via a more invasive approach. This review paper describes the basics of “biomedical isotopic analysis” and uses selected cases from the literature to sketch the state‐of‐art and illustrate in which context isotope ratio markers could be exploited in a clinical context.
Reduction‐responsive polymers for drug delivery in cancer therapy—Is there anything new to discover?
Authors: Monteiro Patrícia F. , Travanut Alessandra , Conte Claudia , Alexander Cameron 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmong various types of stimuli‐responsive drug delivery systems, reduction‐responsive polymers have attracted great interest. In general, these systems have high stability in systemic circulation, however, they can respond quickly to differences in the concentrations of reducing species in specific physiological sites associated with a pathology. This is a particularly relevant strategy to target diseases in which hypoxic regions are present, as polymers which are sensitive to in‐situ expressed antioxidant species can, through a local response, release a therapeutic at high concentration in the targeted site, and thus, improve the selectivity and efficacy of the treatment. At the same time, such reduction‐responsive materials can also decrease the toxicity and side effects of certain drugs. To date, polymers containing disulfide linkages are the most investigated of the class of reduction‐responsive nanocarriers, however, other groups such as selenide and diselenide have also been used for the same purpose. In this review article, we discussed the rationale behind the development of reduction‐responsive polymers as drug delivery systems and highlight examples of recent progress. We include the most popular design methods to generate reduction‐responsive polymeric carriers and their applications in cancer therapy, and question what areas may still need to be explored in a field with already a very large number of research articles. Finally, we consider the main challenges associated with the clinical translation of these nanocarriers and the future perspectives in this area.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Climate Change Impact on Soil Moisture Variability: Health Effects of Radon Flux Density Within Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Authors: Oladapo Olukunle Olaonipekun , Amekudzi Leonard Kofitse , Oni Olatunde Micheal , Aremu Abraham Adewale , Osei Marian Amoakowaah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClimate affects the quantity of soil moisture within the surface of the earth and this is obtained by affecting the amount of radon flux density escaping from the land surface. This chapter contains the evaluation of climate change conditions as it affects the variability of soil water for the purpose of estimating the health effects of radon flux density within Ogbomoso metropolis. The simulated soil moisture content around Ogbomoso was done for a period of 34 years using the hydrological model, Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The calibration and validation of the SWAT model was done using the daily observed soil moisture content. The simulated daily soil moisture within Ogbomoso showed good performance when calibrated and validated. A 20 years prediction of the daily soil moisture content was done using the SWAT model. The estimation of the radon flux density for the study area was obtained using the simulated soil temperature and soil moisture from the SWAT model. In this chapter, the UNSCEAR radon flux formula was used for the radon flux estimate. The result showed that the UNSCEAR radon flux formula performed well in estimating the radon flux density in the study area. The mean value of the radon flux density of 15.09 mBqm−2 s−1 falls below the estimated world average of 33 mBqm−2 s−1 by UNSCEAR stipulated for land surface. The results showed that Ogbomoso region is not prone to high risk of radon exposure to the public. The estimation of the radon flux density value suggested that there is no radiological health hazard such as lung cancer or any other respiratory tract diseases to the inhabitant of Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
Digitale Souveränität in der Wirtschaft – Gegenstandsbereiche, Konzepte und Merkmale
Authors: Hartmann Ernst Andreas 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Das Konzept der digitalen Souveränität wurde auf verschiedene Gegenstände (Staaten, Organisationen, soziale Bewegungen, Individuen) angewandt und unter verschiedenen Aspekten (nationale Souveränität, Datenschutz/Datensicherheit, Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, Bürgerrechte, Arbeitsgestaltung) diskutiert. Diese Gegenstände und Aspekte werden zunächst im Überblick dargestellt. Anschließend steht die digitale Souveränität in der Wirtschaft im Fokus. Für diesen Gegenstandsbereich werden zwei Arten von Akteuren als konstitutiv angenommen: Individuen (Personen) und Organisationen (korporative Akteure, zum Beispiel Unternehmen). Unter Rückgriff auf psychologische (Hacker) und soziologische (Coleman) Handlungstheorien wird das Konstrukt der Handlung als zentrale Beschreibungsdimension der digitalen Souveränität vorgeschlagen. Speziell das Konzept der effizient-divergenten Handlungsräume nach Rainer Oesterreich, das handlungs- mit kontrolltheoretischen Aspekten verbindet, weist Potenziale auf, digitale Souveränität nicht nur theoretisch präzise zu fassen, sondern auch als Grundlage für die praktische Messung – und perspektivisch die Zertifizierung – digitaler Souveränität in Wirtschaft und Arbeitswelt dienen zu können.
Deformed Cauchy random matrix ensembles and large N phase transitions
Authors: Russo Jorge G. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study a new hermitian one-matrix model containing a logarithmic Penner’s type term and another term, which can be obtained as a limit from logarithmic terms. For small coupling, the potential has an absolute minimum at the origin, but beyond a certain value of the coupling the potential develops a double well. For a higher critical value of the coupling, the system undergoes a large N third-order phase transition.
TOPOLOGICAL LOOPS HAVING SOLVABLE INDECOMPOSABLE LIE GROUPS AS THEIR MULTIPLICATION GROUPS
Authors: FIGULA Á. , AL-ABAYECHI A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe prove that the solvability of the multiplication group Mult(L) of a connected simply connected topological loop L of dimension three forces that L is classically solvable. Moreover, L is congruence solvable if and only if either L has a non-discrete centre or L is an abelian extension of a normal subgroup ℝ by the 2-dimensional nonabelian Lie group or by an elementary filiform loop. We determine the structure of indecomposable solvable Lie groups which are multiplication groups of three-dimensional topological loops. We find that among the six-dimensional indecomposable solvable Lie groups having a four-dimensional nilradical there are two one-parameter families and a single Lie group which consist of the multiplication groups of the loops L. We prove that the corresponding loops are centrally nilpotent of class 2.
Combination of novel intravesical xenogeneic urothelial cell immunotherapy and chemotherapy enhances anti-tumor efficacy in preclinical murine bladder tumor models
Authors: Huang Chi-Ping , Wu Chun-Chie , Shyr Chih-Rong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors induce robust and durable responses in advanced bladder cancer (BC), but only for a subset of patients. Xenovaccination has been proposed as an effective immunotherapeutic approach to induce anti-tumor immunity. Thus, we proposed a novel intravesical xenogeneic urothelial cell immunotherapy strategy to treat advanced BC based on the hypothesis that implanted xenogeneic urothelial cells not only provoke xeno-rejection immune responses but also elicit bystander anti-tumor immunity.

Methods
Mouse advanced bladder cancer models were treated with vehicle control, intravesical xenogeneic urothelial cells, cisplatin + gemcitabine, or the combination and assessed for tumor responses to treatments. Tumors and spleens samples were collected for immunohistological staining, cellular and molecular analysis assessed by antibody staining, ELISA, cytotoxicity, and flow cytometry, respectively.

Results
The combination treatment of xenogeneic urothelial cell immunotherapy with chemotherapy was more efficacious than either single therapy to extend survival time in MBT-2 graft bladder tumor model and to suppress tumor progression in murine carcinogen BBN-induced bladder tumor model. The single-cell immunotherapy and combined therapy increased more tumor-infiltrating immune cells in MBT-2 graft tumors compared to vehicle control and chemotherapy treatment groups. The activated T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity capacities were also higher in mice with xenogeneic urothelial cell immunotherapy and combination treatments.

Conclusions
Our results suggest the potential for a novel xenogeneic urothelial cell-based immunotherapy alone and synergy with chemotherapy in the combination therapy. Therefore, our study supports developing xenogeneic urothelial cells as an immunotherapeutic agent in combination with chemotherapy for BC treatment.