bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SLAVIC «COOK ROOMS» FROM THE SETTLEMENT ROVANTSI — HNIDAVSKA HIRKA IN VOLYN
Authors: Bardetskyi A. B. 
Published: July 2020

In 2009 during the excavations at the multi-layered settlement of Rovantsi — Hnidavska Hirka near Lutsk in the excavation area 10 the dwellings and household buildings of the Slavic period have been discovered. To the horizon of the tenth century three houses and the building with three earth ovens were attributed. The stratigraphy of the filling of this building (object 3) indicates that the earth ovens were not operating at the same time. Three successive horizons are observed in this structure. The first site was a grain pit which was discovered at the bottom of the building. This pit was covered by two rammed floors, sagged into it. The analysis of ceramics made it possible to connect one house (object 18) with the first horizon of object 3 and the other house (object 16) with the third horizon of object 3. In the ovens of these houses there were fragments of pots, glued to the fragments of pots from the corresponding horizons of object 3. This building is interpreted as the room for cooking. The horizon of the 12th — the first half of the 13th century includes the structure with two clay ovens, pit-cellar, small rectangular building and the ditch that surrounded these objects. This ditch was obviously the part of fence, and the gap in it was the pass. The complex of this ditch also includes two ground fires, located in the pass in one line with the ditch. It has been suggested that the building with large clay oven which was discovered in 2010 in a nearby excavation 12 (object 12 / Ex. 12), is the same cook room. Obviously, it reflects certain stage in development of such buildings, namely the stop of the use of fast-destroying earth ovens and the transition to the construction of large clay ovens. This is evidenced by the following facts: this building is different in shape from all other houses of the 10th century; it is located at the site of the previous building with earth oven; the oven in it had too large sizes relative to other ovens from the houses of the 10th century. The results of the excavations at Hnidavka Hirka help to reject the version that such structures were the manufactories and to consider them not «mini-factories-bakeries» but only the kitchens with one oven in each individual farm.
ABOUT THE COINS WITH LITHUANIAN COUNTERMARKS «COLUMNS»
Authors: Kozubovskyi G. A. 
Published: July 2020

This paper considers the problem of Golden Horde and Tatar-Genoese coins with Lithuanian countermarks «Columns». These coins occurred in several hoards, mainly in Eastern Podillia and Southern Kyiv lands. The finds of these coins are dated to the 15th century. The exact date of beginning of countermarking is unknown. However, they did not appear there earlier than in 1420s, during the reign of Vytautas as the Grand Duke of Lithuania (1392—1430). In Ukrainian finds the Golden Horde coins with Lithuanian countermarks «Columns» are occurred together with Prague groats of Wenceslaus (1378—1419). Probably, Golden Horde coins continued to be countermarked in Eastern Podillia and Southern Kyiv lands after the death of Vytautas in 1430. But, in the 14th — first part of the 15th century, the sign usually called «Kolumny» (or «Gedyminas Columns») was connected with Grand Duke of Lithuania Kiejstut (1345—1382) and his sons, especially Grand Duke Vytautas. The sign was well known of the steppe peoples of Ukraine as a «tamga». Polish chronicler Jan Długosz testifies it’s use by the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas to brand his horses in 1410. In my opinion, Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas has begun re-struck the «Columns» (the «tamga of Vytautas») in the 1420s because of appearance of the low-grade Golden Horde coins with the content of silver 300–600/1000 grades. Numerous groups of silver with different pyrity were used in the circulation of Ukrainian lands as well as silver coins with defferent alloys quality (800—900/1000) of Toqtamish (1380—1399), Shadibek (1399—1407), Pulad (1407—1410) and other Khans of 1410—1420s.
A DIDÁTICA DOS JOGOS COMO FERRAMENTA NO PROCESSO ENSINO APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Karanauskas Sueli , R.S Nascimento Dulcilene 
Published: July 2020

Uma das grandes dificuldades no processo de ensino e aprendizagem são as escolhas dos métodos e em adequá-los a uma etodologia que seja efetiva, proporcionando avanços significativos. Tais questões sempre foram muito pensadas e discutidas entre ducadores que apontam para que este processo tenha um olhar voltado a métodos que desafiem e motivem os alunos para que estes alcancem o conhecimento. Nesta perspectiva o presente trabalho aborda a importância dos jogos e brincadeiras no processo e alfabetização a fim de analisar se a forma de aprender se altera quando o método de trabalho é diferenciado. Reflete-se aqui cerca de alguns métodos abordados e direcionados em sala de aula como aulas expositivas, atividades xerocadas e atividades do ivro, que são mais tradicionalmente utilizados confrontando com a utilização de outros métodos lúdicos com a inserção de jogos e rincadeiras correlacionados ao referencial teórico e que permitiram chegar às conclusões deste artigo. Discute-se aqui se o estudo ealizado comprova que o lúdico deve fazer parte dos ambientes escolares e se a criança aprende com mais naturalidade quando os onteúdos propostos são aplicados com a utilização de jogos e brincadeiras. Entende-se que o brincar faz parte do cotidiano do ser humano. Mas qual será a relação deste fato na escolha dos métodos de ensino para proporcionar ou auxiliar no processo de lfabetização? É possível através dos jogos e brincadeiras aumentar a tensão dos alunos e reduzir a indisciplina? Essas questões roporcionarão reflexões para possíveis intervenções para um aprendizado mais prazeroso e significativo.
Mesoscale Phenomena during a Macroscopic Solar Eruption
Authors: Zhao 赵 Xiaozhou 小舟 , Keppens Rony 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Our previous magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a macroscopic solar eruption discussed in Zhao et al. (2019) showed that the current sheet (CS) evolution during eruption went through four stages: the CS growth stage, the dynamic growth stage, the hot CS stage, and the dynamic hot CS stage. We now focus on various mesoscale phenomena associated with the ongoing reconnection. In the dynamic growth stage, the remnant chromospheric matter in the CS is quasi-periodically pushed into the prominence, inducing fast shocks propagating at a speed of 210 km s−1. In the hot CS phase, various shock features relevant for particle acceleration are identified throughout the flare loop. Finally, during both dynamic stages, we quantify the properties of magnetic islands. A typical island is accelerated to Alfvénic speed by the Lorentz force and cools down by radiative cooling and thermal conduction. It also tends to expand in size before colliding with another island, with the FR or with the flare arcade. Islands in the dynamic growth stage have a higher density and lower temperature, and vice versa in the dynamic hot CS stage. Islands tend to move upward in the dynamic growth stage, while almost equal fractions of downward-moving and upward-moving islands in the dynamic hot CS stage. Translating the island trajectories to phase space, we find that the function

fits the trajectory well, and its two fixed points represent the creation and the annihilation of the island.
Aluminum-26 Enrichment in the Surface of Protostellar Disks Due to Protostellar Cosmic Rays
Authors: Gaches Brandt A. L. , Walch Stefanie , Offner Stella S. R. , Münker Carsten 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The radioactive decay of aluminum-26 (26Al) is an important heating source in early planet formation. Since its discovery, there have been several mechanisms proposed to introduce 26Al into protoplanetary disks, primarily through contamination by external sources. We propose a local mechanism to enrich protostellar disks with 26Al through irradiation of the protostellar disk surface by cosmic rays accelerated in the protostellar accretion shock. We calculate the 26Al enrichment, [26Al/27Al ], at the surface of the protostellar disk in the inner au throughout the evolution of low-mass stars, from M-dwarfs to proto-Suns. Assuming constant mass accretion rates,

, we find that irradiation by MeV cosmic rays can provide significant enrichment on the disk surface if the cosmic rays are not completely coupled to the gas in the accretion flow. Importantly, we find that low accretion rates,

M
⊙ yr−1, are able to produce canonical amounts of 26Al,

. These accretion rates are experienced at the transition from Class I- to Class II-type protostars, when it is assumed that calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions condense in the inner disk. We conclude that irradiation of the inner disk surface by cosmic-ray protons accelerated in accretion shocks at the protostellar surface may be an important mechanism to produce 26Al. Our models show protostellar cosmic rays may be a viable model to explain the enrichment of 26Al found in the solar system.
The 100 pc White Dwarf Sample in the SDSS Footprint
Authors: Kilic Mukremin , Bergeron P. , Kosakowski Alekzander , Brown Warren R. , Agüeros Marcel A. , Blouin Simon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present follow-up spectroscopy of 711 white dwarfs within 100 pc, and we present a detailed model atmosphere analysis of the 100 pc white dwarf sample in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey footprint. Our spectroscopic follow-up is complete for 83% of the white dwarfs hotter than 6000 K, where the atmospheric composition can be constrained reliably. We identify 1508 DA white dwarfs with pure hydrogen atmospheres. The DA mass distribution has an extremely narrow peak at 0.59 M
⊙ and reveals a shoulder from relatively massive white dwarfs with M = 0.7–0.9 M
⊙. Comparing this distribution with binary population synthesis models, we find that the contribution from single stars that form through mergers cannot explain the overabundance of massive white dwarfs. In addition, the mass distribution of cool DAs shows a near absence of M > 1 M
⊙ white dwarfs. The pile-up of 0.7–0.9 M
⊙ and the disappearance of M > 1 M
⊙ white dwarfs is consistent with the effects of core crystallization. Even though the evolutionary models predict the location of the pile-up correctly, the delay from the latent heat of crystallization by itself is insufficient to create a significant pile-up, and additional cooling delays from related effects like phase separation are necessary. We also discuss the population of infrared-faint (ultracool) white dwarfs and demonstrate for the first time the existence of a well-defined sequence in color and magnitude. Curiously, this sequence is connected to a region in the color–magnitude diagrams where the number of white dwarfs with a helium-dominated atmosphere is low. This suggests that the infrared-faint white dwarfs likely have mixed H/He atmospheres.
The Effect of Massive Neutrinos on the Halo Spin Flip Phenomenon
Authors: Lee Jounghun , Libeskind Noam I. , Ryu Suho 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The halo spin flip refers to the phenomenon that the spin axes of dark matter halos with masses above a certain threshold tend to be preferentially aligned perpendicular to the hosting large-scale filaments, while low-mass halos tend to have their spin axes aligned parallel to such structures. Extensive work has so far been conducted to understand this phenomenon under the assumption of cold dark matter and suggested that its origin should be closely related to the nonlinear evolution of the halo angular momentum in the anisotropic cosmic web. We present, for the first time, a numerical examination of this phenomenon assuming the presence of massive neutrinos, finding a clear and robust dependence of the threshold mass for the spin flip on the total neutrino mass. Our physical explanation is that the presence of more massive neutrinos retard the nonlinear evolution of the cosmic web, which in turn allows the halo spin vectors to better retain their memories of the initial tidal interactions in the nonlinear regime. Our finding implies that the statistical alignment of halo spins with the large-scale structures can be in principle used as a probe of the total neutrino mass.
Sustainable supply chain management framework in a higher education laboratory using intuitionistic fuzzy cognitive map
Authors: Purnomo Muhammad Ridwan Andi , Anugerah Adhe Rizky , Dewipramesti Bella Taradipa 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: This research aims to develop framework in the sustainable supply chain management (SCM) and to provide causal model of service industry specifically in higher education laboratory.Design/methodology/approach: The concepts of sustainable SCM in higher education laboratory were obtained by in-depth interviews and organized using Delphi method. While to identify the relationship between concepts, intuitionistic fuzzy cognitive map was utilized.Findings: As many as 15 concepts were identified to assess sustainability in the higher education laboratory SCM. These 15 concepts were classified into four categories according to its importance level, and there are two most important concepts: legal requirement and social responsibility. It is recommended for higher education laboratories to constantly obey national and regional government regulations and to satisfy current and prospective employers by providing work-ready graduates. This suggestion is expected to make higher education achieving its sustainability goals. Originality/value: This research is the first to develop a framework for sustainable SCM and to provide a causal model of the service industry especially in the education sector using intuitionistic fuzzy cognitive map.
SAFER-ROP: Updated Protocol for Anti-VEGF Injections for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Beck Kinley D. , Rahman Effie Z. , Ells Anna , Mireskandari Kamiar , Berrocal Audina M. , Harper C. Armitage 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe a safe and dependable protocol for intravitreal injections for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
SAFER is an acronym used to describe the injection protocol and includes (S)hort needle (4-mm length), (A)ntiseptic/antibiotic (5% to 10% topical betadine), (F)ollowup (48 to 72 hours post-injection), (E)xtra attention to detail (clean environment, injection site 0.75 mm to 1.0 mm posterior to limbus), and (R)echeck (1 to 2 weeks following injection and until mature vascularization or laser).

RESULTS:
No cases of cataract formation, endophthalmitis, or vitreous hemorrhage using this technique were reported in a recent retrospective chart review.

CONCLUSION:
This protocol is a safe way to inject anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and to monitor ROP progression following injection.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:402–406.]
Mental Health Problems and Impact on Youth Minds During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Nathiya Deepak , Singh Pratima , Suman Supriya , Raj Preeti , Tomar Balvir Singh 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
The COVID-19 outbreak had impacted humankind with herculean force. Extensive Indian population which comprises youths are going through psychological resilience due to isolation, contact transmission, and economic crisis.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study among youth Indian citizens aged 15–30 years through social media platforms was conducted. The survey instrument consisted of demographic characteristics, assessment psychological impact by Depression, Anxiety and Stress-21 scale, and four items on COVID-19 stressors.

Results:
Out of 684 responses from red containment zones, 474 participants completed the study. Overall, moderate-to-severe stress, anxiety, and depression were 37.36%, 30.89%, and 24.63% in youths, respectively. Mental health outcomes were associated with female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70–4.46), marital status (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.47–3.88), residence in rural area (OR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.74–4.78), and postgraduate qualification (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 0.74–3.36). Economical stressors, physical illness, and changes in daily life were found to be positive predictors of mental health problems.

Conclusion:
Our finding suggested requirement psychological intervention targeting youth living in rural areas especially women through government schemes irrespective of educational status.
CLASSIFICATION OF ENLISTED AYURVEDIC LIPID LOWERING HERBS ACCORDING TO PRINCIPLE OF AYURVEDA
Authors: Borkar *Sunil , S.K.Jaiswal  
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION: Dyslipidemia is a condition marked by unhealthy abnormal concentrations of lipids in blood. There is no direct description of dyslipidemia in Ayurvedic texts. However Medo Rogas (Fat disorders) are described in Ayurvedic texts since ancient times. Dyslipidemia (Medo roga) is a disease of diminished Jatharagni, Bhutagni and Dhatwagni induced apachita or saam asthayi meda dhatu vriddhi. So for the management of Dyslipidemia (Medo roga) such drugs are needed which having Deepan, Pachan, Kaphaghna and Medoghna properties. In this regards it is time essential to classify them by considering its specific therapeutic effect and not only by using as a indistinct lipid lowering agent. AIM: To review the properties and action of Ayurvedic lipid lowering herbs against specific involved samprapti ghatak (Pathological factor) in the management of Dyslipidemia (Medo roga). RESULT: Study provides good evidence of classification of Ayurvedic lipid lowering herbs in the management of Dyslipidemia (Medo roga).
DECISÕES, COMPLEXIDADES, AGENTES E SUNK COSTS: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENVOLVENDO GESTORES COM DIFERENTES PERFIS
Authors: Bruni Adriano Leal , Silva Uilcleides Braga da , Filho José Maria Dias , Santos Enoque Barbosa dos 
Published: July 2020

Esse estudo tem como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de vieses cognitivos associados ao sunk cost (o viés sunk cost se manifesta quando um indivíduo apresenta maior disposição em continuar um investimento, mesmo tendo conhecimento de que os resultados ou retornos podem estar comprometidos somente pelo simples fato de já ter iniciado e aplicado algum recurso no projeto), considerando possíveis características dos respondentes como: tempo de experiência profissional e em cargos de gestão; período de vinculação profissional a entidades públicas ou privadas, bem como idade e gênero. Foi constituído um quase-experimento envolvendo situações com a ocorrência de sunk cost, contando com a participação de 128 alunos de cursos de pós-graduação de Instituições de Ensino Superior de Salvador, Bahia. As análises foram feitas com o uso de testes Qui-quadrado e teste paramétrico de igualdade de médias para verificar as diferenças das respostas, bem como associação do viés e outras variáveis. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram a manifestação do viés relativo ao sunk cost. Contudo, não foi possível explicar a sua ocorrência a partir das variáveis. O fato de uma pessoas ser mais experiente em cargos de gestão não influencia na ocorrência do viés, bem como trabalhar em instituições que objetivam lucro como as entidades do setor privado, que a princípio esperava-se que tivesse impacto na ocorrência do viés, devido a pressões por parte dos proprietários a ter resultados positivos que garantam retornos do capital investido e a continuidade da empresa. Outras variáveis como idade e gênero também não influenciaram de forma significativa na ocorrência do fenômeno.
Cloudy-sky contributions to the direct aerosol effect
Authors: Myhre Gunnar , Samset Bjørn H. , Mohr Christian W. , Alterskjær Kari , Balkanski Yves , Bellouin Nicolas , Chin Mian , Haywood James , Hodnebrog Øivind , Kinne Stefan , Lin Guangxing , Lund Marianne T. , Penner Joyce E. , Schulz Michael , Schutgens Nick , Skeie Ragnhild B. , Stier Philip , Takemura Toshihiko , Zhang Kai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The radiative forcing of the aerosol–radiation interaction can be
decomposed into clear-sky and cloudy-sky portions. Two sets of multi-model
simulations within Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AeroCom), combined with observational methods, and the
time evolution of aerosol emissions over the industrial era show that the
contribution from cloudy-sky regions is likely weak. A mean of the
simulations considered is 0.01±0.1 W m−2. Multivariate data
analysis of results from AeroCom Phase II shows that many factors influence
the strength of the cloudy-sky contribution to the forcing of the
aerosol–radiation interaction. Overall, single-scattering albedo of
anthropogenic aerosols and the interaction of aerosols with the short-wave
cloud radiative effects are found to be important factors. A more dedicated
focus on the contribution from the cloud-free and cloud-covered sky fraction,
respectively, to the aerosol–radiation interaction will benefit the
quantification of the radiative forcing and its uncertainty range.
Using a composite flow law to model deformation in the NEEM deep ice core, Greenland – Part 1: The role of grain size and grain size distribution on deformation of the upper 2207 m
Authors: Kuiper Ernst-Jan N. , Weikusat Ilka , de Bresser Johannes H. P. , Jansen Daniela , Pennock Gill M. , Drury Martyn R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The effect of grain size on strain rate of ice in the
upper 2207 m in the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) deep ice core
was investigated using a rheological model based on the composite flow law
of Goldsby and Kohlstedt (1997, 2001). The grain size was described by both
a mean grain size and a grain size distribution, which allowed the strain
rate to be calculated using two different model end-members: (i) the
microscale constant stress model where each grain deforms by the same
stress and (ii) the microscale constant strain rate model where each grain
deforms by the same strain rate. The model results predict that grain-size-sensitive flow produces almost all of the deformation in the upper 2207 m of
the NEEM ice core, while dislocation creep hardly contributes to
deformation. The difference in calculated strain rate between the two model
end-members is relatively small. The predicted strain rate in the fine-grained Glacial ice (that is, ice deposited during the last Glacial maximum
at depths of 1419 to 2207 m) varies strongly within this depth range and,
furthermore, is about 4–5 times higher than in the coarser-grained Holocene
ice (0–1419 m). Two peaks in strain rate are predicted at about 1980 and
2100 m depth. The prediction that grain-size-sensitive creep is the
fastest process is inconsistent with the microstructures in the Holocene age
ice, indicating that the rate of dislocation creep is underestimated in the
model. The occurrence of recrystallization processes in the polar ice that
did not occur in the experiments may account for this discrepancy. The
prediction of the composite flow law model is consistent with
microstructures in the Glacial ice, suggesting that fine-grained layers in
the Glacial ice may act as internal preferential sliding zones in the
Greenland ice sheet.