bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Spatio-temporal Time Series Using Dimension Reduced Local States
Authors: Isensee Jonas , Datseris George , Parlitz Ulrich 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present a method for both cross-estimation and iterated time series prediction of spatio-temporal dynamics based on local modelling and dimension reduction techniques. Assuming homogeneity of the underlying dynamics, we construct delay coordinates of local states and then further reduce their dimensionality through Principle Component Analysis. The prediction uses nearest neighbour methods in the space of dimension reduced states to either cross-estimate or iteratively predict the future of a given frame. The effectiveness of this approach is shown for (noisy) data from a (cubic) Barkley model, the Bueno-Orovio–Cherry–Fenton model, and the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky model.
Flexural vibrations of geometrically nonlinear composite beams with interlayer slip
Authors: Adam Christoph , Furtmüller Thomas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses moderately large vibrations of immovably supported three-layer composite beams. The layers of these structural members are elastically bonded, and as such, subjected to interlayer slip when excited. To capture the moderately large response, in the structural model a nonlinear axial strain-displacement relation is implemented. The Euler–Bernoulli kinematic assumptions are applied layerwise, and a linear interlaminar slip law is utilized. Accuracy and efficiency of the resulting nonlinear beam theory is validated by selective comparative plane stress finite element calculations. The outcomes of application examples demonstrate the grave effect of interlayer slip on the geometrically nonlinear dynamic response characteristic of layered beams.
In-memory database acceleration on FPGAs: a survey
Authors: Fang Jian , Mulder Yvo T. B. , Hidders Jan , Lee Jinho , Hofstee H. Peter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
While FPGAs have seen prior use in database systems, in recent years interest in using FPGA to accelerate databases has declined in both industry and academia for the following three reasons. First, specifically for in-memory databases, FPGAs integrated with conventional I/O provide insufficient bandwidth, limiting performance. Second, GPUs, which can also provide high throughput, and are easier to program, have emerged as a strong accelerator alternative. Third, programming FPGAs required developers to have full-stack skills, from high-level algorithm design to low-level circuit implementations. The good news is that these challenges are being addressed. New interface technologies connect FPGAs into the system at main-memory bandwidth and the latest FPGAs provide local memory competitive in capacity and bandwidth with GPUs. Ease of programming is improving through support of shared coherent virtual memory between the host and the accelerator, support for higher-level languages, and domain-specific tools to generate FPGA designs automatically. Therefore, this paper surveys using FPGAs to accelerate in-memory database systems targeting designs that can operate at the speed of main memory.
Static generation of UML sequence diagrams
Authors: Alvin Chris , Peterson Brian , Mukhopadhyay Supratik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUML sequence diagrams are visual representations of object interactions in a system and can provide valuable information for program comprehension, debugging, maintenance, and software archeology. Sequence diagrams generated from legacy code are independent of existing documentation that may have eroded. We present a framework for static generation of UML sequence diagrams from object-oriented source code. The framework provides a query refinement system to guide the user to interesting interactions in the source code. Our technique involves constructing a hypergraph representation of the source code, traversing the hypergraph with respect to a user-defined query, and generating the corresponding set of sequence diagrams. We implemented our framework as a tool, StaticGen (supporting software: StaticGen), analyzing a corpus of 30 Android applications. We provide experimental results demonstrating the efficacy of our technique (originally appeared in the Proceedings of Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering—20th International Conference, FASE 2017, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2017, Uppsala, Sweden, April 22–29, 2017).
Giant cell glioblastoma is a distinctive subtype of glioma characterized by vulnerability to DNA damage
Authors: Ogawa Kaoru , Kurose Akira , Kamataki Akihisa , Asano Kenichiro , Katayama Kosuke , Kurotaki Hidekachi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Giant cell glioblastoma (GC-GBM) consists of large cells with pleomorphic nuclei. As a contrast to GC-GBM, we defined monotonous small GBM (MS-GBM) as GBM that consists of small cells with monotonous small nuclei, and compared the DNA damage as well as other pathological features. GC-GBM showed minimal invasion (< 2 mm) and focal sarcomatous areas. TERTp was wild type in GC-GBM but mutant in MS-GBM. OLIG2 expression was significantly higher in MS-GBM (P < 0.01) (77% in MS-GBM and 7% in GC-GBM). GC-GBM showed significantly higher DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) compared with MS-GBM (P < 0.01) (76% in GC-GBM and 15% in MS-GBM). Nearly, all large cells in GC-GBM underwent DSBs. Thus, significant DSBs in GC-GBM might be induced by an innate lesser stemness characteristic and be followed by mitotic slippage, resulting in polyploidization and the large pleomorphic nuclei. We conclude that GC-GBM is a distinctive subtype of glioma characterized by its vulnerability to DNA damage and that wild-type TERTp and lower OLIG2 function might induce this feature. Notably, even large pleomorphic nuclei with severe DSBs demonstrated Ki67 positivity, which alerts pathologists to the interpretation of Ki67 positivity, because cells with large nuclei undergoing severe DSBs cannot be recognized as proliferating cells that contribute to tumor aggressiveness.
Candidate genes underlying the quantitative trait loci for root-knot nematode resistance in a Cucumis hystrix introgression line of cucumber based on population sequencing
Authors: Cheng Chunyan , Wang Xing , Liu Xuejiao , Yang Shuqiong , Yu Xiaqing , Qian Chuntao , Li Ji , Lou Qunfeng , Chen Jinfeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe southern root-knot nematode (RKN),Meloidogyne incognita(Kofoid & White) Chitwood, is one of most destructive species of plant parasitic nematodes, causing significant economic losses to numerous crops including cucumber (Cucumis sativusL. 2n = 14). No commercial cultivar is currently available with resistance to RKN, severely hindering the genetic improvement of RKN resistance in cucumber. An introgression line, IL10-1, derived from the interspecific hybridization between the wild speciesCucumis hystrixChakr. (2n = 24, HH) and cucumber, was identified with resistance to RKN. In this study, an ultrahigh-density genetic linkage bin-map, composed of high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), was constructed based on low-coverage sequences of the F2:6recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross between inbred line IL10-1 and cultivar ‘Beijingjietou’ CC3 (hereinafter referred to as CC3). Three QTLs were identified accounting for 13.36% (qRKN1-1), 9.07% and 9.58% (qRKN5-1 and qRKN5-2) of the resistance variation, respectively. Finally, four genes with nonsynonymous SNPs from chromosome 5 were speculated to be the candidate RKN-resistant related genes, with annotation involved in disease resistance. Though several gaps still exist on the bin-map, our results could potentially be used in breeding programs and establish an understanding of the associated mechanisms underlying RKN resistance in cucumber.
Characteristics of ultrasonographic images of ductal carcinoma in situ with abnormalities of the ducts
Authors: Ban Kanako , Tsunoda Hiroko , Watanabe Takanori , Kaoku Setsuko , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Ueno Ei , Hirokaga Koichi , Tanaka Kumiko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeAlthough the number of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cases has increased with the spread of breast cancer screening in Japan, there are very few reports that summarize ultrasound image features of DCIS. The Japan Association of Breast and Thyroid Sonology (JABTS) investigated the incidence of DCIS with masses and non-mass abnormalities and the characteristics of US images in a retrospective, multicenter, observational study (JABTS BC-02 study). The purpose of this report is to clarify the proportion of DCIS with abnormalities of the ducts with each ultrasound finding and the characteristics of US images.MethodsThe JABTS BC-02 study population was comprised of patients who were examined by ultrasonography, underwent surgery, and were histopathologically diagnosed with DCIS at each study site between January 2008 and December 2012. The US images of DCIS and pathology and clinical information were retrospectively collected from 16 institutions in Japan. The US images were evaluated by 22 experts on the Central Image Interpretation Committee of JABTS.ResultsAbnormalities of the ducts were noted in 78 (10.5%) of 705 US images of DCIS. Of the 78 cases, the distribution of abnormalities of the ducts was focal or segmental. The second characteristic was the presence of internal echoes in dilated ducts. All cases were accompanied by intraductal solid echoes, and 40 cases (51.3%) were accompanied by echogenic foci. In addition, intraductal solid echoes were continuous or multiple in 72 cases (92.4%), and the shape of the solid echoes was broad-based and/or irregular in 62 cases (79.5%).ConclusionDCIS cases with duct abnormalities on ultrasound were investigated in this study. The important characteristics were as follows: (1) the distribution of ductal dilatation was focal or segmental, (2) solid parts were present in the dilated ducts, (3) the distribution of internal echoes was continuous or multiple, (4) the shape of solid echoes was broad-based and/or irregular, and (5) internal echoes were sometimes accompanied by echogenic foci. Accurate evaluation of these findings may be useful for diagnosing DCIS. Although the duct abnormalities are included in “ASSOCIATED FEATURES” in ACR BI-RADS ATLAS (USA), we emphasize that this concept is very important for understanding US characteristics of DCIS.
Heavy metal content in the green fodder of field pea/oat mixtures destined for cattle feed
Authors: Płaza Anna , Gąsiorowska Barbara , Rzążewska Emilia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The objective of the study was to establish the effect of component share in mixtures and harvest date on concentrations of selected heavy metals in the green fodder of field pea, oat, and their mixtures. The research hypothesis assumed that the cultivation of peas and oats in pure sowing, and in mixtures will also allow to choose combinations from which the forage will have the lowest content of heavy metals. Field research was conducted at the Zawady Experimental Farm (52° 03′ 39″ N, 22° 33′ 80″ E) which belongs to Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities. Two factors were tested in the study: I—component share in the mixture: field pea—pure stand 100%, oat—pure stand 100%, field pea 75% + oat 25%, field pea 50% + oat 50%, field pea 25% + oat 75%; II—harvest date: field pea flowering stage, field pea flat pod stage. Plant material was sampled to determine the following elements: Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni. The results of the study demonstrated that field pea grown in pure stand had the highest copper and zinc contents, and the lowest chromium and nickel contents. Field pea mixed with oat significantly reduced heavy metal content in green fodder. Cadmium and lead contents in the green fodder of field pea/oat mixtures were too low to be determined by means of the spectrometer Perkin Elmer Optima 8300. Regular checks of heavy metal contents are recommended in spite of their low amounts in the green fodder of field pea/oat mixtures.
Meanings Attributed to Letters in Functional Contexts by Primary School Students
Authors: Ayala-Altamirano Cristina , Molina Marta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article describes part of the findings of a teaching experiment whose objective is to investigate the algebraic abilities of elementary students when they solve situations that involve a functional relationship. In particular, we focus on describing the use and meanings attributed to letters by third-year primary school students when faced with verbal problems related to the generalisation of a functional relationship. Drawing from the functional approach to early algebra and set in Spain, the study expands on earlier research conducted on primary school students’ use of letters in algebraic contexts. Their initial reactions to the use of letters to represent indeterminate quantities and how those reactions changed in the course of three sessions are described. Analyses of the students’ written answers together with their participation in group discussions yield qualitative data on how students associate the idea of variability with indeterminate quantities and use letters, numbers or both to represent that notion.
Intelligent accountability in schools: A study of how school leaders work with the implementation of assessment for learning
Authors: Tolo Astrid , Lillejord Sølvi , Flórez Petour María Teresa , Hopfenbeck Therese N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn response to accountability systems dominated by external inspections and achievement data, calls are being made forintelligentaccountability or a new accountability paradigm that focuses onmeaningfullearning, enabled by professionally skilled and committed educators within the system. In such systems, the actors are encouraged to strive for continuous development in learning organisations based on teamwork, distributed leadership, and professional learning communities. School leaders are positioned between district level administrators and teachers in such processes and have the responsibility to secure professional development. Using the implementation of the national program ‘Assessment for Learning’ in Norway as a case, the article shows that leaders approach professional development differently. Analyses of interviews with leaders from 7 schools reveal three distinct approaches related to how school leaders perceive knowledge. Some school leaders assume that teachers have the necessary knowledge and skills and trust them to manage the implementation process without leader support. Other school leaders distrust teachers’ knowledge and skills and assume that the proper knowledge exists outside the school. These leaders seek external support when they meet teacher resistance. In a third approach, school leaders assume that knowledge develops through collaboration and thereby engage with teachers in continuous judgment about the implementation procedure. In the discussion, questions of trust and distrust are analysed in relation to how professional knowledge is developed and how professional discretion can support the development of intelligent accountability in schools.
Provably Scale-Covariant Continuous Hierarchical Networks Based on Scale-Normalized Differential Expressions Coupled in Cascade
Authors: Lindeberg Tony 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article presents a theory for constructing hierarchical networks in such a way that the networks are guaranteed to be provably scale covariant. We first present a general sufficiency argument for obtaining scale covariance, which holds for a wide class of networks defined from linear and nonlinear differential expressions expressed in terms of scale-normalized scale-space derivatives. Then, we present a more detailed development of one example of such a network constructed from a combination of mathematically derived models of receptive fields and biologically inspired computations. Based on a functional model of complex cells in terms of an oriented quasi quadrature combination of first- and second-order directional Gaussian derivatives, we couple such primitive computations in cascade over combinatorial expansions over image orientations. Scale-space properties of the computational primitives are analysed, and we give explicit proofs of how the resulting representation allows for scale and rotation covariance. A prototype application to texture analysis is developed, and it is demonstrated that a simplified mean-reduced representation of the resulting QuasiQuadNet leads to promising experimental results on three texture datasets.
Wanting to Be Happy but Not Knowing How: Poor Attentional Control and Emotion-Regulation Abilities Mediate the Association Between Valuing Happiness and Depression
Authors: Mahmoodi Kahriz Bahram , Bower Joanne L. , Glover Francesca M. G. Q. , Vogt Julia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recent studies suggest that valuing happiness is associated with negative psychological health outcomes, including increased depression, in US samples. We aimed to replicate these associations in two studies at a UK university (Nstudy one = 151, and Nstudy two = 299). Importantly, we also investigated the role of emotional attentional control and habitual emotion regulation in the relationship between valuing happiness and depression. In both studies, we found that valuing happiness was related to increased depression, confirming the link between valuing happiness and depression in a Western country outside of the USA. Moreover, our findings indicated that the relationship between valuing happiness and depression was strongest in British, rather than non-British participants or participants of dual nationality. Further, our findings revealed that valuing happiness and depression were indirectly associated via the ability to control attention in emotional situations, perceived ability to savor positive experiences, and the extent to which positive emotions feel intrusive. Specifically, increased valuing happiness was associated with lower emotion attention control and lower savoring of positive experiences, which in turn was related to depressive symptoms. These results show that the impaired ability to respond adaptively to emotional situations and to enjoy positive events may underlie the paradoxical relationship between valuing happiness and low well-being.
Handling underlying discrete variables with bivariate mixed hidden Markov models in NONMEM
Authors: Brekkan A. , Jönsson S. , Karlsson M. O. , Plan E. L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Non-linear mixed effects models typically deal with stochasticity in observed processes but models accounting for only observed processes may not be the most appropriate for all data. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) characterize the relationship between observed and hidden variables where the hidden variables can represent an underlying and unmeasurable disease status for example. Adding stochasticity to HMMs results in mixed HMMs (MHMMs) which potentially allow for the characterization of variability in unobservable processes. Further, HMMs can be extended to include more than one observation source and are then multivariate HMMs. In this work MHMMs were developed and applied in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease example. The two hidden states included in the model were remission and exacerbation and two observation sources were considered, patient reported outcomes (PROs) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1). Estimation properties in the software NONMEM of model parameters were investigated with and without random and covariate effect parameters. The influence of including random and covariate effects of varying magnitudes on the parameters in the model was quantified and a power analysis was performed to compare the power of a single bivariate MHMM with two separate univariate MHMMs. A bivariate MHMM was developed for simulating and analysing hypothetical COPD data consisting of PRO and FEV1 measurements collected every week for 60 weeks. Parameter precision was high for all parameters with the exception of the variance of the transition rate dictating the transition from remission to exacerbation (relative root mean squared error [RRMSE] > 150%). Parameter precision was better with higher magnitudes of the transition probability parameters. A drug effect was included on the transition rate probability and the precision of the drug effect parameter improved with increasing magnitude of the parameter. The power to detect the drug effect was improved by utilizing a bivariate MHMM model over the univariate MHMM models where the number of subject required for 80% power was 25 with the bivariate MHMM model versus 63 in the univariate MHMM FEV1 model and > 100 in the univariate MHMM PRO model. The results advocates for the use of bivariate MHMM models when implementation is possible.
Investigation into nonlinear phenomena for various railway vehicles in transition curves at velocities close to critical one
Authors: Zboinski Krzysztof , Golofit-Stawinska Milena 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper recent simulation results aimed at studying nonlinear phenomena that accompany motion of railway vehicle in transition curve at velocities around the vehicle critical velocity are presented by the authors. Such results concern six different objects representing railway vehicles. These are: three 2-axle railway bogies, two 2-axle railway cars, and 4-axle railway car. The paper attention is devoted to presenting as many different nonlinear behaviours of the studied objects as possible. This is done first of all to give an idea to the readers of great number of the nonlinear behaviour types that can appear for railway vehicles in transition curves at velocities lower and bigger than vehicle critical velocity. The differences arising from specificity of particular objects are highlighted while systematic variation of the system parameters in order to study influence of such variation on differences in the behaviour is less represented. The paper ends with the comprehensive comments by the authors to the results obtained.
Wave emission from heterogeneities with changing boundary curvature and orientation by a circularly polarized electric field in cardiac tissues
Authors: Feng Xia , Gao Xiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn hearts, complex spatial–temporal patterns of action potential waves may cause life-threatening arrhythmia. Unlike the conventional defibrillation which uses high-voltage electric shocks associated with severe side effects, the new method of wave emission from heterogeneities (WEHs) merits close investigation. In our previous studies of the WEH to terminate arrhythmia in idealized conditions, we found that a circularly polarized electric field (CPEF) not only needs a lower voltage, but also has higher efficiency than a uniform electric field (UEF). But the effect of a CPEF on a real cardiac heterogeneity with irregular boundary shape remains unknown. Here, we consider elliptical heterogeneities whose boundary curvatures and orientations change in a similar way as irregular heterogeneities and study the effect of the changing boundary curvature and orientation on the WEH. We find that, unlike the UEF, the CPEF is not affected by the change of boundary curvature and orientation. Besides, the CPEF needs a lower voltage to induce wave emission from an elliptical heterogeneity than the UEF. Hence, it has advantages for the application of the WEH in clinical treatments.