bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of mechanical outlet impingement
Authors: Hünnebeck Sophia M. , Balke Maurice , Müller-Rath Ralf , Scheibel Markus 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The benefits of the various therapeutic options for the treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome are a topic of ongoing debate. Several studies on the subject are insufficiently evidence-based, with many other studies being considered controversial by members of the field. Nevertheless, a general opinion against surgical interventions is developing in the media in reference to these systematic reviews and meta-analyses based on insufficiently differentiated literature.

Aim of the study
This article provides an overview of the literature and examines the outcome after arthroscopic subacromial decompression compared with conservative therapy or diagnostic arthroscopy and bursectomy.

Conclusion
The outcome for patients treated with conservative therapy or subacromial decompression who explicitly suffered from mechanical outlet impingement (MOI) or mechanical non-outlet impingement (MNOI) has not yet been studied. The main problem concerning almost all published studies is that they are based on a mixture of pathologies. It seems likely that especially patients with a mechanical, and therefore structural, narrowing of the subacromial space can profit more from surgical management than patients with unspecific subacromial pain. Differentiation between the pathologies is crucial for the correct treatment decision, not only for the reduction of symptoms, but most importantly for the preservation of the supraspinatus tendon.
Healthcare and economic burden of ANCA-associated vasculitis in Italy: an integrated analysis from clinical and administrative databases
Authors: Quartuccio Luca , Treppo Elena , Valent Francesca , De Vita Salvatore 
Published: July 2020

AbstractANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) comprise a group of systemic vasculitides characterized by inflammation of small-sized blood vessels leading to multi-organ involvement. The worldwide annual incidence of AAV ranges from 1.2 to 3.3 cases per 100 000 individuals with a prevalence of 4.6–42.1 cases per 100 000 individuals. The prevalence of AAV is geographically heterogeneous; therefore, regional epidemiological studies can be more informative to improve health care systems. Even though clinicians are aware that the healthcare burden and the risk of hospitalization of AAV appear high, data on hospitalization and cost of illness due to AAV are still scarce or even lacking. This study aims to characterize the economic burden of AAV in Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG), Italy. Thus, a retrospective study was conducted through the integration of many administrative health databases of the FVG as the source of information. From data integration, we estimated that more than two-thirds of AAV patients showed at least one hospitalization in their medical history, most frequently caused by the disease itself or superimposed infections. Around 10% of patients developed end-stage renal disease. In an 8-year follow-up, the overall healthcare cost was € 1,215,078, corresponding to € 6,168 patient-year. ANCA-positive patients showed much higher costs than ANCA-negative patients did. Overall, AAV are rare diseases, but imply very high healthcare costs. Early diagnosis and optimal treatment probably still remain unmet needs for AAV.
Visualising Immigrant Fertility -- Profiles of Childbearing and their Implications for Migration Research
Authors: Tønnessen Marianne , Wilson Ben 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDifferent measures of fertility have strengths and limitations when used to describe the fertility of immigrants, and no single measure captures every aspect of this complex phenomenon. This paper introduces a novel visual framework that shows life course profiles of immigrant childbearing in a multifaceted way. It develops the well-known cohort fertility curve—showing the average number of children ever born over the life course—and adds lines for immigrant women arriving at different ages, using their average number of children born on arrival as a starting point. These immigrant fertility profiles can illustrate a number of important aspects of childbearing simultaneously, including children born before arrival, fertility after arrival and completed fertility at the end of childbearing. In addition to showing numbers of children born (i.e. fertility quantum), the slopes of each profile indicate the tempo of fertility and how this changes by age and duration of residence. The fertility profiles of different immigrant groups can be plotted in the same graph, and can be compared and contrasted with non-immigrant groups—at origin as well as destination—through the augmentation of each visualisation. Using Nordic register data, we illustrate how these fertility profiles can be used to expand our knowledge of immigrant childbearing and to investigate various hypotheses of migrant fertility, giving a novel overview of the relationships between fertility measures such as period and quantum, before and after arrival.
Distribution of fungi and their toxic metabolites in melon and sesame seeds marketed in two major producing states in Nigeria
Authors: Esan Adetoun O. , Fapohunda Stephen O. , Ezekiel Chibundu N. , Sulyok Michael , Krska Rudolf 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, melon (n = 60) and sesame (n = 60) seeds purchased from markets within Benue and Nasarawa states, respectively, in Nigeria, during two seasons (dry and wet), were analysed for fungal and mycotoxin contamination in order to determine the safety of these foods for human consumption. Molecular analysis revealed the following seven fungal taxonomic groups in the foods: Aspergillus section Candidi, Aspergillus section Flavi, Aspergillus section Nigri, Cladosporium, Fusarium fujikuroi species group, Penicillium, and Pleosporales/Didymellaceae. A total of 78 microbial metabolites, including several mycotoxins, occurred in the foods. The most frequent mycotoxins in melon and sesame were aflatoxin B1 (occurrence: 76%) and alternariol monomethyl ether (occurrence: 59%), respectively. However, higher mean total aflatoxin levels occurred in sesame (17 μg kg−1) than in melon (11 μg kg−1). About 28 and 5% of melon and sesame, respectively, exceeded the 4 μg kg−1 total aflatoxin limit for oilseeds intended for direct human consumption in the European Union. Additionally, fumonisin B1 and moniliformin occurred only in sesame, whilst ochratoxins A and B occurred only in melon; ochratoxin B being reported for the first time in this food. Our data indicated seasonal variations in the fungal and mycotoxin contamination levels in both foods.
Food system disruption: initial livelihood and dietary effects of COVID-19 on vegetable producers in India
Authors: Harris Jody , Depenbusch Lutz , Pal Arshad Ahmad , Nair Ramakrishnan Madhavan , Ramasamy Srinivasan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDisruption to food systems and impacts on livelihoods and diets have been brought into sharp focus by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to investigate effects of this multi-layered shock on production, sales, prices, incomes and diets for vegetable farmers in India as both producers and consumers of nutrient-dense foods. We undertook a rapid telephone survey with 448 farmers in 4 states, in one of the first studies to document the early impacts of the pandemic and policy responses on farming households.We find that a majority of farmers report negative impacts on production, sales, prices and incomes. Over 80% of farms reported some decline in sales, and over 20% of farms reported devastating declines (sold almost nothing). Price reductions were reported by over 80% of farmers, and reductions by more than half for 50% of farmers. Similarly, farm income reportedly dropped for 90% of farms, and by more than half for 60%.Of surveyed households, 62% reported disruptions to their diets. A majority of farm households reported reduced ability to access the most nutrient-dense foods. Around 80% of households reported ability to protect their staple food consumption, and the largest falls in consumption were in fruit and animal source foods other than dairy, in around half of households. Reported vegetable consumption fell in almost 30% of households, but vegetables were also the only food group where consumption increased for some, in around 15% of households.Our data suggest higher vulnerability of female farmers in terms of both livelihoods and diet, and differential effects on smaller and larger farms, meaning different farms may require different types of support in order to continue to function. Farms reported diverse coping strategies to maintain sales, though often with negative implications for reported incomes. The ability to consume one’s own produce may be somewhat protective of diets when other routes to food access fail.The impacts of COVID-19 and subsequent policy responses on both livelihoods and diets in horticultural households risk rolling back the impressive economic and nutrition gains India has seen over the past decade. Food systems, and particularly those making available the most nutrient-dense foods, must be considered in ongoing and future government responses.
Atmospheric Structure for Convective Development in the Events of Cloud Clusters over the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Lee Tae-Young , Shin Uju , Park Sang-Hun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study examines atmospheric structures causing convective development in the events of cloud cluster (CC) over the Korean peninsula using the analysis and forecast data of National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) climate forecast system reanalysis (CFSR) and observation data. Two CC types—CCs associated with meso-α-scale lows (CCMLs) and mesoscale troughs (CCMTs)—were investigated. The common atmospheric structure for convective development in CC events is comprised of i) a strong southwesterly band (SWB; a region with southwesterly wind speeds >12.5 m s−1) in the lower troposphere upstream of CCs with a mesoscale convergence zone in its exit area, ii) a layer of high-θe air in the lower troposphere near the surface extending from the southwest to SWB exit, iii) elevated height of maximum θe in the lower troposphere near and over the convergence zone, above which a convectively unstable layer exists. Generality of the above-described structure has been demonstrated via examination of composite fields. SWB plays a major role in producing the structure for convective development in CC events over the Korean peninsula mainly through i) advection of high-θe air from the southwest, and ii) significant horizontal convergence in the exit area, which can facilitate convection initiation. The two types of CC show notable differences in atmospheric structure across the boundary between high-θe air from the southwest and low-θe air in the northeast and in the mode of high-θe air transport to the region of convective development. The boundary is generally tilted northeastward with height for CCML cases, whereas it is nearly vertical for the majority of CCMT cases. This study indicates that, despite the above-mentioned differences, convective developments in both CC types can be considered as elevated convection that occurs as air parcels in an elevated layer of convective instability are lifted by upward motion in the convergence zone. For both types of CC, differential θe advection plays the key role for the occurrence of elevated layer of convective instability. And θe front in CCML events indicates the presence of elevated convective instability above it and the possibility of elevated convection provided that a lifting mechanism is available.
Nano metal fluorides: small particles with great properties
Authors: Kemnitz Erhard , Mahn Stefan , Krahl Thoralf 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe recently developed fluorolytic sol–gel route to metal fluorides opens a very broad range of both scientific and technical applications of the accessible high surface area metal fluorides, many of which have already been applied or tested. Specific chemical properties such as high Lewis acidity and physical properties such as high surface area, mesoporosity and nanosize as well as the possibility to apply metal fluorides on surfaces via a non-aqueous sol make the fluorolytic synthesis route a very versatile one. The scope of its scientific and technical use and the state of the art are presented.
Conditional Schedules for Processes with Temporal Constraints
Authors: Eder Johann , Franceschetti Marco , Lubas Josef 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTemporal aspects are among the most important quality criteria for executing business processes. It is mandatory to check process definitions at design time for temporal properties to avoid that structural properties of process models cause time failures at run-time. Here, we propose to check process models for conditional controllability and to compute conditional schedules for their execution without time failures. Schedules have to be conditional, since it is a characteristics of business processes, that control flow decisions are based on conditions, which can only be evaluated in the course of process execution at run-time and not before the process starts. We present a procedure for checking the conditional controllability of processes with temporal constraints, which is both sound and complete and effectively and efficiently computes conditional schedules for temporally constrained business processes.
Comparison of Penile Prosthesis Cultures Within Individual Patients After Removal/Replacement and Subsequent Salvage
Authors: Chandrapal Jason , Harper Shelby , Davis Leah G. , Lentz Aaron C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Infection rates for virgin inflatable penile prostheses (IPPs) range from 1 to 3%; however, this can increase to 7–18% after IPP revision or removal/replacement (RR) for mechanical malfunction. Although studies have reported various RR and salvage cultures, limited data are available that directly compare microorganisms after each of these procedures within the same patient. Comparison of these cultures may determine if the infection is due to a persistent microorganism or new inoculation.

Aim
Our aim is to characterize prosthesis cultures within individual patients who develop infection after RR.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing various IPP procedures at our institution from September 2002 to August 2018. RR procedures were determined by current procedural terminology codes 54,410 or 54,416. Infection, defined as salvage or explantation without replacement for infectious reasons, was described by current procedural terminology codes 54406, 54411, 54415, or 54417. Inclusion criteria consisted of IPP infection after RR and the presence of both RR and salvage cultures within the same patient. Owing to the small cohort size, only descriptive statistics were used.

Main Outcome Measures
Characterization of removal/replacement and salvage cultures is the main outcome measure of this study.

Results
A total of 202 non-infected RR procedures were performed with 9 cases (4%) of IPP infection after RR identified. Four (44%) of the RR cultures were positive and contained gram-positive (44%) and gram-negative (11%) organisms. In comparison, salvage cultures grew gram-positive bacteria (66%), gram-negative bacteria (33%), and/or fungal elements (33%). A direct comparison of the RR and salvage cultures indicated that only 2 patients (22%) grew similar organisms.

Conclusions
The risk of IPP infection after RR and modified washout is low. In this small series, gram-positive bacteria were most common at the time of RR and salvage. The increased incidence of fungal infections may indicate a need to modify RR protocols. Larger multi-institutional studies are needed to further investigate this relationship.
Chandrapal J, Harper S, Davis LG, et al. Comparison of Penile Prosthesis Cultures Within Individual Patients After Removal/Replacement and Subsequent Salvage. Sex Med 2020;8:783–787.
Lumbar Intradural Neurenteric Cyst: A Rare Pathology in an Unusual Location
Authors: Basseri Sana , Rossiter John P. , Wallace M. Christopher , Islam Omar , Tampieri Donatella , Kwan Benjamin Y.M. 
Published: July 2020

A previously healthy 48-year-old female presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of low back pain, progressive lower extremities weakness, and right leg numbness. There were no bowel or bladder dysfunction symptoms. Spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intradural cystic lesion dorsal to the spinal cord at the level of L1 measuring 1.6 × 2.1 × 4.1 cm, which was T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense, with a small soft tissue component and no gadolinium enhancement (Figure 1). A small lipomatous component was also noted. There were no associated vertebral anomalies. The patient underwent a T12-L2 laminectomy and cyst resection, which was subtotal due to the cyst adherence to the conus medullaris. Histopathology showed characteristic features of a neurenteric cyst, with respiratory-type epithelium in the cyst wall (Figure 2). Eight months later, follow-up MRI showed no evidence of recurrence. The patient reported improved sensation in the lower extremities; however, there was some residual weakness predominantly in the proximal hip flexors bilaterally.
The digital biomarker discovery pipeline: An open-source software platform for the development of digital biomarkers using mHealth and wearables data
Authors: Bent Brinnae , Wang Ke , Grzesiak Emilia , Jiang Chentian , Qi Yuankai , Jiang Yihang , Cho Peter , Zingler Kyle , Ogbeide Felix Ikponmwosa , Zhao Arthur , Runge Ryan , Sim Ida , Dunn Jessilyn 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Digital health is rapidly expanding due to surging healthcare costs, deteriorating health outcomes, and the growing prevalence and accessibility of mobile health (mHealth) and wearable technology. Data from Biometric Monitoring Technologies (BioMeTs), including mHealth and wearables, can be transformed into digital biomarkers that act as indicators of health outcomes and can be used to diagnose and monitor a number of chronic diseases and conditions. There are many challenges faced by digital biomarker development, including a lack of regulatory oversight, limited funding opportunities, general mistrust of sharing personal data, and a shortage of open-source data and code. Further, the process of transforming data into digital biomarkers is computationally expensive, and standards and validation methods in digital biomarker research are lacking.

Methods:
In order to provide a collaborative, standardized space for digital biomarker research and validation, we present the first comprehensive, open-source software platform for end-to-end digital biomarker development: The Digital Biomarker Discovery Pipeline (DBDP).

Results:
Here, we detail the general DBDP framework as well as three robust modules within the DBDP that have been developed for specific digital biomarker discovery use cases.

Conclusions:
The clear need for such a platform will accelerate the DBDP’s adoption as the industry standard for digital biomarker development and will support its role as the epicenter of digital biomarker collaboration and exploration.
Adaptation of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Protocols to a Parisian Maternity Unit During the 2020 Pandemic: A Managerial Perspective
Authors: Ghanchi Ali 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic overwhelmed health services in France during March 2020 and, to cope, service delivery was reduced in most disciplines. However, as this was impossible for Obstetrics, the COVID-19 infection had to be added to existing clinical care pathways at the children’s hospital, Hôpital Necker–Enfants Malades. This was further complicated by an increasing number of pregnancies affected by infection, in addition to scientific uncertainty about the virus. Procedures based on scientific recommendations from French and international authorities were adapted to maternity care and regularly updated as the situation progressed. Weekly medical manager team meetings covered the evolving clinical situation, and an initial evaluation revealed that our procedures worked well. However, it was necessary to adapt the policy as the epidemic progressed rapidly. Shortly after March 16, traffic control bundling was implemented in anticipation of a dramatic increase in pregnant women affected by infection and to better protect the staff. By April 18, with the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic receding, protocols were again readjusted to meet new service delivery requirements. Although a full debrief is yet to occur, from an operational level perspective, staff response was more than satisfactory. While preventing another epidemic may be impossible, this experience will improve our resilience in the future.
The current state of antifungal stewardship among pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs
Authors: Eguiguren Lourdes , Newland Jason G. , Kronman Matthew P. , Hersh Adam L. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Lee Grace M. , Schwenk Hayden T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:To characterize the current state of antifungal stewardship practices and perceptions of antifungal use among pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs).Design:We developed and distributed an electronic survey, which included 17 closed-ended questions about institutional antifungal stewardship practices and perceptions, among pediatric ASPs.Participants:ASP physicians and pharmacists of 74 hospitals participating in the multicenter Sharing Antimicrobial Reports for Pediatric Stewardship (SHARPS) Collaborative.Results:We sent surveys to 74 hospitals and received 68 unique responses, for a response rate of 92%. Overall, 63 of 68 the respondent ASPs (93%) reported that they conduct 1 or more antifungal stewardship activities. Of these 68 hospital ASPs, 43 (63%) perform prospective audit and feedback (PAF) of antifungals. The most common reasons reported for not performing PAF of antifungals were not enough time or resources (19 of 25, 76%) and minimal institutional antifungal use (6 of 25, 24%). Also, 52 hospitals (76%) require preauthorization for 1 or more antifungal agents. The most commonly restricted antifungals were isavuconazole (42 of 52 hospitals, 80%) and posaconazole (39 of 52 hospitals, 75%). Furthermore, 33 ASPs (48%) agreed or strongly agreed that antifungals are inappropriately used at their institution, and only 25 of 68 (37%) of ASPs felt very confident making recommendations about antifungals.Conclusions:Most pediatric ASPs steward antifungals, but the strategies employed are highly variable across surveyed institutions. Although nearly half of respondents identified inappropriate antifungal use as a problem at their institution, most ASPs do not feel confident making recommendations about antifungals. Future studies are needed to determine the rate of inappropriate antifungal use and the best antifungal stewardship strategies.
Is There a Faction in This List?
Authors: De Weerdt Hilde , Ho Brent , Wagner Allon , Qiao Jiyan , Chu Mingkin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article has two main objectives. First, we aim to revisit debates about the structure of Song Dynasty faction lists and the relationship between eleventh- and twelfth century factional politics on the basis of a large-scale network analysis of co-occurrence ties reported in the prose collections of those contemporary to the events. Second, we aim to innovate methodologically by developing a series of approaches to compare historical networks of different sizes with regard to overall network metrics as well as the significance of particular attributes such as native and workplace in their makeup. The probabilistic and sampling methods developed here should be applicable for various kinds of historical network analysis. The corresponding data can be found here:https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-xtf-z3au.