bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Systematic Solution for Nonlinear Dynamic Systematic Problems in Modern Science
Authors: Cha Deok soo , Jun Hee jong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The reason why modern science is stagnated the development of physical science is unable to solve nonlinear systematic problem; moreover, the physical science’s development reached to saturation. However, modern science has no perfect systematical solution for the nonlinear dynamic systematic problem. This study presents a new solution, which has completed by coordination with physics and engineering such as an interdisciplinary study. Therefore, physicist can be solved the nonlinear dynamics using both solution logical solution and systematic solution but it has no problem. Although, physicists cannot deny the validity of new solution itself but they cannot understand the other science such as control theory; hence, they do not welcome it and reject it. However, there is no problem because all scientists wait for a time until physicists master the control theory if physicists agree with its condition, the new solution discloses first and verify after. It will be contributed and development of physics.
Reduced burden from major diseases due to an increase in vegetable intake in Japan: projections of disability-adjusted life years, 2017-2040
Authors: Tanaka Shiori , Yoneoka Daisuke , Ishizuka Aya , Ueda Peter , Nakamura Keiji , Uneyama Hisayuki , Hayashi Naoki , Shibuya Kenji , Nomura Shuhei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Low vegetable intake is one of the key dietary risk factors known to be associated with a range of health problems, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, and diabetes and kidney diseases (DKDs). Using data from Japan's National Health and Nutrition Surveys and the Global Burden of Diseases study in 2017, this study aimed to forecast the impact of change in vegetable intake on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) between 2017 and 2040 for three diseases. Methods: We generated a three-component model of cause-specific DALYs, including changes in major behavioural and metabolic risk predictors, the socio-demographic index and an autoregressive integrated moving average model to project future DALY rates for 2017-2040 using the data between 1990 and 2016. Data on Vegetable consumption and risk predictors, and DALY rate were obtained from Japan’s National Health and Nutrition Surveys and the Global Burden of Diseases Study in 2017. We also modelled three scenarios of better, moderate and worse cases to evaluate the impact of change in vegetable consumption on the DALY rates for three diseases (CVDs, cancer, and DKDs). Results: Projected mean vegetable intake in the total population showed a decreasing trend through 2040 to 237.7g/day. A significant difference between the reference scenario and the better case scenario was observed with un-overlapped 95% prediction intervals of DALY rates in females aged 20-49 years (-8.0%) for CVDs, the total population for cancer (-5.6%), and in males (-8.2%) and females (-13.7%) for DKDs. Conclusions: Our analysis indicates that increased vegetable consumption would have a significant reduction in the burdens of CVDs, cancer and DKDs in Japan. By estimating the disease burden attributable to low vegetable intake under different scenarios of future vegetable consumption, our study can inform the design of targeted interventions for public health challenges.
H2-CO2 polymer electrolyte fuel cell that generates power while evolving CH4 at the Pt0.8Ru0.2/C cathode
Authors: Matsuda Shofu , Niitsuma Yuuki , Yoshida Yuta , Umeda Minoru 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Generating electric power using CO2 as a reactant is challenging because the electroreduction of CO2 usually requires a large overpotential. Herein, we report the design and development of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell driven by feeding H2 and CO2 to the anode (Pt/C) and cathode (Pt0.8Ru0.2/C), respectively, based on their theoretical electrode potentials. Pt-Ru/C is a promising electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction at a low overpotential; consequently, CH4 is continuously produced through CO2 reduction with an enhanced faradaic efficiency (18.2%) and without an overpotential (at 0.20 V vs. RHE) was achieved when dilute CO2 is fed at a cell temperature of 40 °C. Significantly, the cell generated electric power (0.14 mW·cm− 2) while simultaneously yielding CH4 at 86.3 µmol·g− 1·min− 1. These results show that a H2-CO2 fuel cell is a promising technology for promoting the carbon capture and utilization (CCU) strategy.
Development of a Pre-hospital Emergencies Protocol for the Management of Suicidal Patients in Iran
Authors: shirzad Fatemeh , Gholamzad Shakiba , Shafiee Maisam , Shariat Seyed Vahid 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Suicide is a painful consequence of many psychiatric disorders and one of the most frequent psychiatric emergencies. Generally, pre-hospital technician is the first person in treatment chain who attends the situation; hence, his/her sound clinical judgment and professional behavior can play an important role in preventing or stopping the suicide process. We tried to develop a concise, evidence-based, and step-by-step guide for dealing with a suicidal patient, which could be quickly reviewed by technicians before confronting a suicide situation. Method: We reviewed the literature for suicide management plans and protocols, to extract the evidence-based interventions and instructions for dealing with a suicide situation. Then, we discussed the extracted material in an expert panel, and developed the initial version of the protocol considering the local socio-cultural issues and available facilities. Subsequently, we reviewed the protocol in a meeting with pre-hospital technicians and emergency physicians, to receive their feedback and address any possible executive problems. Finally, we revised the protocol to its final version considering the feedbacks. Results: The basic principles of dealing with a suicidal patient are similar to other psychiatric emergencies and include: Patient Safety; Patient evaluation and diagnosis; and Patient (behavioral and pharmacological) management. However, specific considerations should be taken into account and special arrangements are necessary for suicidal patients. Whether the patient has attempted suicide or not, would guide the management to one of the two major paths. In addition, the needs of the family should be considered. Conclusion: A locally adapted protocol considering existing facilities in the emergency system and cultural issues in Iranian society is provided for pre-hospital emergency technicians.
Discovery of Potent Sialic Acid Inhibitors Against the Hemagglutinin of Influenza A Virus
Authors: Chang Yu-Jen , Yeh Cheng-Yun , Cheng Ju-Chien , Huang Yu-Qi , Hsu Kai-Cheng , Lin Yu-Feng , Lu Chih-Hao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is hard to eradicate due to its genetic drift and reassortment ability. Neuraminidase (NA), frequently the target protein, cleaves the sialic acid (SA) and discharges virions to complete the infectious cycle. However, the increasing use of NA inhibitors aroused drug resistance in recent years. Hemagglutinin (HA), on the opposite, initiates the infectious cycle and sticks virions to cells by connecting to the host SA so that HA might be a tempting target. In this study, HA was chosen for SA-binding site model preparation to screen more than 200,000 compounds by molecular docking method in silico. According to the post-screening analysis by iGemdock and SiMMap, nine of the top twenty compounds based on the ranking score were purchased and evaluated. NSC85561 was initially identified from the compounds through the bioassays. Next, the twelve derivatives of NSC85561 were selected to consolidate the primary results. NSC85561 and two of its derivatives were finally identified as potent HA inhibitors by cell proliferation, plaque reduction, and hemagglutination inhibition assays in vitro. These results suggested that virtual screening may be a powerful tool to concise the compounds from the massive database and reduce the complicated bioassays.
Cardiometabolic Risks of SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalization Using Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Lorincz-Comi Noah , Zhu Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
IntroMany cardiometabolic conditions have demonstrated associative evidence with COVID-19 hospitalization risk. However, the observational designs of the studies in which these associations are observed preclude causal inferences of hospitalization risk. Mendelian Randomization (MR) is an alternative risk estimation method more robust to these limitations that allows for causal inferences.Methods & materialsWe applied four MR methods (MRMix, IMRP, IVW, MREgger) to publicly available GWAS summary statistics from European (COVID-19 GWAS n=2,956) and multi-ethnic populations (COVID-19 GWAS n=10,808) to better understand extant causal associations between Type II Diabetes (GWAS n=659,316), BMI (n=681,275), diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure (n=757,601 for each) and COVID-19 hospitalization risk across populations. ResultsAlthough no significant causal effect evidence was observed, our data suggested a trend of increasing hospitalization risk for Type II diabetes (IMRP OR, 95% CI: 1.67, 0.96-2.92) and pulse pressure (OR, 95% CI: 1.27, 0.97-1.66) in the multi-ethnic sample. ConclusionsType II diabetes and Pulse pressure demonstrates a potential causal association with COVID-19 hospitalization risk, the proper treatment of which may work to reduce the risk of a severe COVID-19 illness requiring hospitalization. However, GWAS of COVID-19 with large sample size is warranted to confirm the causality.
Differences in Lipoprotein Profiles Between Palestinian and Israeli Adults
Authors: Halloun Rana , Ighbariya Ahmad , Hanna Suhair , Sinnreich Ronit , Weiss Ram 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Palestinians exhibit a substantially greater prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and CVD mortality in comparison to Israelis. In view of Palestinians' increased insulin resistance, known to be associated with an adverse lipoprotein profile, we aimed at showing lipoprotein variations between Palestinian and Israelis residing in Jerusalem. Methods: The study included, 968 Palestinians and 707 Israelis, ages 25-74 years, who underwent fasting and 2h post oral challenge plasma glucose determinations. We evaluated metabolic risk by measuring sub-populations of VLDL, LDL and HDL particles, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis. Results: Palestinians exhibit higher levels of very large VLDL including chylomicrons, in comparison to their Israeli counterparts, whereas levels of medium and small VLDL were similar between the two populations. Small oxidized LDL levels were higher among Palestinians while intermediate and large LDL were similar between the two groups. Levels of large HDL were higher among Israelis while levels of medium and small HDL were similar between the two populations. Small oxidized LDL levels were higher among Palestinians in comparison to Israeli participants. Levels of large HDL were higher among Israelis in comparison to Palestinians. Limiting the analysis to young participants with normal glucose tolerance, showed greater levels of large VLDL including chylomicrons, medium and small VLDL and oxidized LDL in Palestinians. Conclusions: Palestinians, including healthy young participants, exhibit an adverse pro-atherogenic lipid profile compared to Israelis. These findings may explain the increased CVD morbidity and mortality observed in Palestinians.
Long-Term Outcomes of Mitral Valve Replacement in Patients Weighing Less Than 10 Kg
Authors: Yuan Haoyong , Wu Zhongshi , Lu Ting , Tang Yilun , Chen Jinlan , Yang Yifeng , Huang Can 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The outcomes of mitral valve replacement (MVR) in pediatrics especially in the patients weighing less than 10kg are not always favorable. This study aimed to measure long-term outcomes of MVR in our institution.Methods: Nine young children weighing less than 10 kg underwent MVR with mechanical prostheses from November 2006 to April 2019 were enrolled in this retrospectively study. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used for the prediction of freedom from death and adverse events. Chi-square test was performed to compare outcomes for patients based on the ratio of mechanical prosthesis and weight. 14 related literatures were also reviewed to support our study.Results: All patients received bileaflet mechanical prostheses. The surgical technique varied among the patients with prostheses implanted in the intra-annular (n = 5), supra-annular (n=1), or with a Dacron conduit segment in the supra-annular position(n = 3). The valve size/weight ratio ranged from 2.11 to 5.00. After a mean follow-up period of 80.67 ± 63.37 months, the survival rate was 66.67%. One (11.1%) patient underwent an immediate revision MVR after initial MVR for the periprosthetic leak. No patients required surgical reintervention for the development of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction or permanent pacemaker placement during long-term follow-up.Conclusions: The tailored surgical strategy utilized for MVR in infants resulted in reliable valve function and excellent survival. Although revision is inevitable due to somatic growth, the bileaflet mechanical prostheses displayed appropriate durability.
Testing the Contextual Interaction Theory in a UHC&nbsp;Pilot District in South Africa
Authors: Michel Janet , Mohlakoana Nthabiseng , Bärnighausen Till , Tediosi Fabrizio , Evans David , McIntyre Di , Bressers Hans T.A , Tanner Marcel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: World-wide, there is growing universal health coverage (UHC) enthusiasm. The South African government began piloting policies aimed at achieving UHC in 2012. These UHC policies have been and are being rolled out in the ten selected pilot districts. Our study explored policy implementation experiences of 71 actors involved in UHC policy implementation, in one South African pilot district using the Contextual Interaction Theory (CIT) lens.Method: Our study applied a two-actor deductive theory of implementation, Contextual Interaction Theory (CIT) to analyse 71 key informant interviews from one National Health Insurance (NHI) pilot district in South Africa. The theory uses motivation, information, power, resources and the interaction of these to explain implementation experiences and outcomes. The research question centred on the utility of CIT tenets in explaining the observed implementation experiences of actors and outcomes particularly policy- practice gaps.Results: All CIT central tenets (information, motivation, power, resources and interactions) were alluded to by actors in their policy implementation experiences, a lack or presence of these tenets were explained as either a facilitator or barrier to policy implementation. This theory was found as very useful in explaining policy implementation experiences of both policy makers and facilitators. Conclusion: A central tenet that was present in this context but not fully captured by CIT was leadership. Leadership interactions were revealed as critical for policy implementation, hence we propose the inclusion of leadership interactions to the current CIT central tenets, to become motivation, information, power, resources, leadership and interactions of all these.
Serum Syndecan-1 Reflects Organ Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Suzuki Keiko , Okada Hideshi , Sumi Kazuyuki , Tomita Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Ryo , Ishihara Takuma , Kakino Yoshinori , Suzuki Kodai , Yoshiyama Naomasa , Yasuda Ryu , Kitagawa Yuichiro , Fukuta Tetsuya , Miyake Takahito , Okamoto Haruka , Doi Tomoaki , Yoshida Takahiro , Yoshida Shozo , Ogura Shinji , Suzuki Akio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is found in the endothelial glycocalyx and shed into the blood during systemic inflammatory conditions. We examined organ dysfunction associated with changing serum SDC-1 levels in critically ill patients. A single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted at Gifu University Hospital. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit from March 2019 to February 2020 were enrolled. To evaluate the effect of SDC-1 on laboratory parameters measured the day after SDC-1 measurement with consideration for repeated measures, linear mixed effects models were constructed with each parameter as an outcome variable. A total of 94 patients were enrolled, and 831 samples were obtained. Analysis using mixed effects models for repeated measures with adjustment for age and sex showed that serum SDC-1 levels measured the day before significantly affected several outcomes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), antithrombin III, fibrin degradation products, and D-dimer. Moreover, serum SDC-1 levels from the day before significantly modified the effect between time and several outcomes, including AST, ALT, CRE, and BUN. Serum SDC-1 may be a useful biomarker for daily monitoring of critically ill patients with kidney, liver and coagulation system injuries.
Syntheses of Dinor-cis/iso-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (dn-cis/iso-OPDAs), Ancestral Jasmonate Phytohormones of the Bryophyte Marchantia Polymorpha L., and their Catabolites
Authors: Ueda Minoru , Kato Nobuki , Wang Jianxin , Sakurai Haruka , Kaji Takuya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dinor-cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (dn-cis-OPDA, 4) and dn-iso-OPDA (5) are ancestral plant hormones of the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha L. We succeeded in the first practical synthetic supply of these hormones as well as their possible catabolites.
Intramuscular Coherence of the Lower Flexor Muscles During Robotic Ankle-assisted Gait
Authors: Nakagawa Kei , Kadono Naoto , Mitsuhara Takafumi , Tanaka Eiichiro , Yuge Louis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: A close-fitting assisted walking device (RE-Gait) designed to assist ankle movements might be a novel approach for acquiring the forefoot rocker function in the gait cycle. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of using RE-Gait by evaluating the intramuscular coherence (IMC) of the two parts of the tibialis anterior muscles (TA) in the initial, mid, and terminal swing phase, which could indicate whether the common synaptic drive of motor neurons was populated.Methods: Seventeen healthy volunteers walked on a treadmill at a comfortable speed before, during, and immediately after 15-minute RE-Gait intervention (pre / RG / post). RE-Gait supported plantar flexion at toe lift-off in the terminal stance phase and dorsiflexion in the initial swing phase. Electromyograms of the right lower leg and gait parameters were analyzed for each session.Results: After RE-Gait intervention, the step length was significantly increased. IMC of the two parts of the TA muscles in the beta frequency band in the initial swing phase was significantly enhanced during RE-Gait intervention compared with pre session. In addition, IMCs in the beta and low-gamma frequency bands were significantly correlated with the enhancement ratio of the step length.Conclusions: These results suggest that robotic ankle planter flexion and dorsiflexion assistance in the pre- and initial swing phase would be effective for learning adaptively modified walking by activating corticospinal tracts. RE-Gait will be a useful tool for re-learning of gait with smooth switching with appropriate forefoot rocker function.
Intra and Inter-observer Concordance of a New Classification System for Myopic Maculopathy
Authors: Zhang Rong-rong , Yu Yan , Hou Yin-fen , Wu Chang-fan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Myopic maculopathy (MM) is one of the major causes of visual impairment and irreversible blindness in eyes with PM. However, the classification of each type of lesion associated with MM has not been determined. Recently, a new MM classification system was proposed, known as the ATN grading and classification system, which was based on the fundus photographs and OCT images, including three variable components: atrophy (A), traction (T), and neovascularization (N). Hence, this study aimed to perform an independent interobserver and intraobserver agreement evaluation of the recently developed ATN grading system for MM. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Fundus photographs and the optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of 125 patients (226 eyes) with various of MM were evaluated and classified using the ATN grading of the new MM classification system by four evaluators (2 attending ophthalmologists and 2 ophthalmic residents). All cases were repeatedly evaluated by the same evaluators after an interval of 6 weeks. The Kappa coefficient (κ) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to determine the interobserver and intraobserver agreement.Results: The interobserver reliability was substantial when considering the maculopathy type (A, T, and N). The weighted Fleiss κ values for each MM type (A, T, and N) were 0.651 (95% CI: 0.602–0.700), 0.734 (95% CI: 0.689–0.779), and 0.702 (95% CI: 0.649–0.755), respectively. The interobserver agreement when considering the sub-types was good or excellent, except for stages A1, A2, and N1 which weighted κ value was less than 0.6, with a moderate agreement. The intraobserver reproducibility of types or sub-types was excellent, with κ>0.8. No significant differences were observed between attending ophthalmologists and residents in the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility.Conclusions: The ATN classification allows an adequate agreement among ophthalmologists with different qualifications and by the same observer on separate occasions. Future prospective studies should further evaluate whether this classification can be better implemented at clinical decision-making and disease progression assessment.