bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong slope‐aspect control of regolith thickness by bedrock foliation
Authors: Leone Jordan D. , Holbrook W. Steven , Riebe Clifford S. , Chorover Jon , Ferré Ty P.A. , Carr Bradley J. , Callahan Russell P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe porous near‐surface layer of the Earth's crust – the critical zone – constitutes a vital reservoir of water for ecosystems, provides baseflow to streams, guides recharge to deep aquifers, filters contaminants from groundwater, and regulates the long‐term evolution of landscapes. Recent work suggests that the controls on regolith thickness include climate, tectonics, lithology, and vegetation. However, the relative paucity of observations of regolith structure and properties at landscape scales means that theoretical models of critical zone structure are incompletely tested. Here we present seismic refraction and electrical resistivity surveys that thoroughly characterize subsurface structure in a small catchment in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA, where slope‐aspect effects on regolith structure are expected based on differences in vegetation. Our results show a stark contrast in physical properties and inferred regolith thickness on opposing slopes, but in the opposite sense of that expected from environmental models and observed vegetation patterns. Although vegetation (as expressed by normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]) is denser on the north‐facing slope, regolith on the south‐facing slope is four times thicker (as indicated by lower seismic velocities and resistivities). This contrast cannot be explained by variations in topographic stress or conventional hillslope morphology models. Instead, regolith thickness appears to be controlled by metamorphic foliation: regolith is thicker where foliation dips into the topography, and thinner where foliation is nearly parallel to the surface. We hypothesize that, in this catchment, hydraulic conductivity and infiltration capacity control weathering: infiltration is hindered and regolith is thin where foliation is parallel to the surface topography, whereas water infiltrates deeper and regolith is thicker where foliation intersects topography at a substantial angle. These results suggest that bedrock foliation, and perhaps by extension sedimentary layering, can control regolith thickness and must be accounted for in models of critical zone development. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of calanchi and rill–interrill erosion susceptibilities using terrain analysis and geostochastics: A case study in the Oltrepo Pavese, Northern Apennines, Italy
Authors: Bosino Alberto , Giordani Paolo , Quénéhervé Geraldine , Maerker Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSoil erosion is one of the most important environmental problems distributed worldwide. In the last decades, numerous studies have been published on the assessment of soil erosion and the related processes and forms using empirical, conceptual and physically based models. For the prediction of the spatial distribution, more and more sophisticated stochastic modelling approaches have been proposed – especially on smaller spatial scales such as river basins. In this work, we apply a maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) to evaluate badlands (calanchi) and rill–interrill (sheet erosion) areas in the Oltrepo Pavese (Northern Apennines, Italy). The aim of the work is to assess the important environmental predictors that influence calanchi and rill–interrill erosion at the regional scale. We used 13 topographic parameters derived from a 12 m digital elevation model (TanDEM‐X) and data on the lithology and land use. Additional information about the vegetation is introduced through the normalized difference vegetation index based on remotely sensed data (ASTER images). The results are presented in the form of susceptibility maps showing the spatial distribution of the occurrence probability for calanchi and rill–interrill erosion. For the validation of the MaxEnt model results, a support vector machine approach was applied. The models show reliable results and highlight several locations of the study area that are potentially prone to future soil erosion. Thus, coping and mitigation strategies may be developed to prevent or fight the soil erosion phenomenon under consideration. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organophosphorus Pesticide Multiresidues in Commercialized Asian Rice
Authors: Azlan Nadiah Syafiqah Mohd , Wee Sze Yee , Ismail Nur Afifah Hanun , Nasir Hanisah Mohmad , Aris Ahmad Zaharin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) commonly used in agricultural practices can pose a risk of potential exposure to humans via food consumption. We describe an analytical method for solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector (SPE–HPLC–DAD) for the detection of OPPs (quinalphos, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos) in rice grains. The isolation of targeted residues was initiated with double extraction before SPE–HPLC–DAD, crucially reducing matrix interferences and detecting a wide range of multiple residues in rice grains. Coefficients of 0.9968 to 0.9991 showed a strong linearity, with limits of detection and quantification ranging from 0.36 to 0.68 µg/kg and from 1.20 to 2.28 µg/kg, respectively. High recoveries (80.4–110.3%) were observed at 3 spiking levels (50, 100, and 200 µg/kg), indicating good accuracy. The relative standard deviations of all residues (0.19–8.66%) validated the method precision. Sample analysis of 10 rice grain types (n = 30) available in the Asian market revealed that quinalphos, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos at concentrations of 1.08, 1.11, and 1.79 µg/kg, respectively, remained far below the maximum residue limits (0.01–0.5 mg/kg). However, regular monitoring is necessary to confirm that multiresidue occurrence remains below permissible limits while controlling pests. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1908–1917. © 2020 SETAC
Mesoscale diffusion magnetic resonance imaging of the ex vivo human hippocampus
Authors: Ly Maria , Foley Lesley , Manivannan Ashwinee , Hitchens T. Kevin , Richardson R. Mark , Modo Michel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMesoscale diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) endeavors to bridge the gap between macroscopic white matter tractography and microscopic studies investigating the cytoarchitecture of human brain tissue. To ensure a robust measurement of diffusion at the mesoscale, acquisition parameters were arrayed to investigate their effects on scalar indices (mean, radial, axial diffusivity, and fractional anisotropy) and streamlines (i.e., graphical representation of axonal tracts) in hippocampal layers. A mesoscale resolution afforded segementation of the pyramidal cell layer (CA1‐4), the dentate gyrus, as well as stratum moleculare, radiatum, and oriens. Using ex vivo samples, surgically excised from patients with intractable epilepsy (n = 3), we found that shorter diffusion times (23.7 ms) with a b‐value of 4,000 s/mm2 were advantageous at the mesoscale, providing a compromise between mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy measurements. Spatial resolution and sample orientation exerted a major effect on tractography, whereas the number of diffusion gradient encoding directions minimally affected scalar indices and streamline density. A sample temperature of 15°C provided a compromise between increasing signal‐to‐noise ratio and increasing the diffusion properties of the tissue. Optimization of the acquisition afforded a system's view of intra‐ and extra‐hippocampal connections. Tractography reflected histological boundaries of hippocampal layers. Individual layer connectivity was visualized, as well as streamlines emanating from individual sub‐fields. The perforant path, subiculum and angular bundle demonstrated extra‐hippocampal connections. Histology of the samples confirmed individual cell layers corresponding to ROIs defined on MR images. We anticipate that this ex vivo mesoscale imaging will yield novel insights into human hippocampal connectivity.
Sensory change in the chin and neck after transoral thyroidectomy: Prospective study of mental nerve injury
Authors: Tae Kyung , Lee Dong Won , Bang Hyang Sook , Ahn You Hern , Park Jung Hwan , Kim Dong Sun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe study aimed to evaluate the sensory changes on the chin and neck in transoral thyroidectomy.MethodsWe prospectively assessed the cutaneous sensation of 10 zones of the chin, face, and neck in 43 patients who underwent transoral robotic or endoscopic thyroidectomy using the Semmes‐Weinstein monofilaments test, preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months.ResultsThe sensation of the chin and lower lip did not differ before and after surgery. However, the pressure threshold of the submental and level VI area increased significantly after surgery, and returned to the preoperative level 1 month and 3 months postoperatively, respectively.ConclusionIn terms of mental nerve injury, transoral thyroidectomy is safe when performed successfully. However, proper placement of oral vestibular incisions and minimal dissection of the chin is essential to avoid mental nerve injury.
Single‐port transoral robotic combined approach with sialendoscopy for sialolithiasis: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Frost Ariel S. , Byrnes Yasmeen M. , Wen Christopher Z. , Rassekh Christopher H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe da Vinci single‐port (SP) is utilized in transoral robotic surgery (TORS) procedures for malignant oropharyngeal tumors. We report a case utilizing the da Vinci SP in TORS for sialolith removal.Methods and ResultsA 75‐year‐old male with chronic right submandibular gland (SMG) sialadenitis underwent combined da Vinci SP TORS approach with sialendoscopy for multiple SMG sialoliths. We were unable to find a previous report of using the da Vinci SP in TORS for SMG sialolith removal.ConclusionThe da Vinci SP has been utilized in a combined TORS approach with sialendoscopy for SMG sialolith removal. The da Vinci SP's additional arm provides improved retraction, enabling optimal visualization, dissection, and preservation of important structures such as the lingual nerve.
Affective symptoms and swallow‐specific quality of life in total laryngectomy patients
Authors: Kemps Glen J. F. , Krebbers Iris , Pilz Walmari , Vanbelle Sophie , Baijens Laura W. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of clinically relevant affective symptoms and level of swallow‐specific quality of life (QoL) in dysphagic patients with total laryngectomy (TL) and to explore the relationship between affective symptoms and swallow‐specific QoL.MethodsThirty‐five TL patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI). Student's t test and linear regression were used.ResultsEight (23%) patients showed clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety, 8 (23%) of depression, and 11 (31%) showed either one. These groups had significantly lower mean MDADI scores. One‐point increase in HADS‐anxiety or HADS‐depression subscale score corresponds with a decrease of 2.7 or 3.0 points, on average, respectively, of the MDADI total score.ConclusionsClinically relevant affective symptoms were present in approximately one‐third of the TL patients. These preliminary results show that increased affective symptom scores correlate with a decreased swallow‐specific QoL.
Increasing non‐linearity of the storage‐discharge relationship in sub‐Arctic catchments
Authors: Hinzman Alexa M. , Sjöberg Ylva , Lyon Steve W. , Ploum Stefan W. , van der Velde Ype 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Arctic is warming at an unprecedented rate. We hypothesis that as seasonally frozen soils thaw and recede in extent as a response to this warming, flow path diversity and thus hydrologic connectivity increases. This enhanced hydrologic connectivity then increases the non‐linearity of the storage‐discharge relationship in a catchment. The objective of this study is to test this hypothesis by quantifying trends and spatio‐temporal differences in the degree of linearity in the storage‐discharge relationships for 16 catchments within Northern Sweden from 1950 to 2018. We demonstrate a clear increase in non‐linearity of the storage‐discharge relationship over time for all catchments with 75% showing a statistically significant increase in non‐linearity. Spring has significantly more linear storage‐discharge relationships than summer for most catchments (75%) supporting the idea that seasonally frozen soils with a low degree of hydrological connectivity have a linear storage‐discharge relationship. For the period considered, spring also showed greater change in storage‐discharge relationship trends than summer signifying that changes in recessions are primarily occurring during the thawing period. Separate storage‐discharge analyses combined with preceding winter conditions demonstrated that especially cold winters with little snow yielded springs and summers with more linear storage‐discharge relationships. We show that streamflow recession analysis reflects ongoing hydrological change of an arctic landscape as well as offering new metrics for tracking change across arctic and sub‐arctic landscapes.
Human immunodeficiency: Extragonadal comorbidities of infertility in women
Authors: Lorzadeh Nahid , Kazemirad Nastaran , Kazemirad Yasaman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionInfertility is mediated by several changes system‐wide. These changes are likely to cause other systems‐related pathologies, such as changes in systemic immune response, particularly inflammatory response can lead to cardiovascular diseases and breast cancer.MethodsThese morbidities can exist immediately or years after the diagnosis of infertility. Therefore, understanding the mechanism is important to move toward therapeutic interventions.ResultsSeveral extragonadal pathologies are reported due to infertility, as well as, how these might also contribute to reproductive disabilities. Detailed evidence are still not present that can give stronger result.ConclusionThis review highlights some of the most frequent comorbidities that are seen in infertile women, hence requiring a need for complete clinical screening and care, as well as diagnosis and treatment in early stages.
Postdiagnosis weight change is associated with poorer survival in breast cancer survivors: A prospective population‐based patient cohort study
Authors: Jung Audrey Y. , Hüsing Anika , Behrens Sabine , Krzykalla Julia , Obi Nadia , Becher Heiko , Chang‐Claude Jenny 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMore women are surviving after breast cancer due to early detection and modern treatment strategies. Body weight also influences survival. We aimed to characterize associations between postdiagnosis weight change and prognosis in postmenopausal long‐term breast cancer survivors. We used data from a prospective population‐based patient cohort study (MARIE) conducted in two geographical regions of Germany. Breast cancer patients diagnosed 50 to 74 years of age with an incident invasive breast cancer or in situ tumor were recruited from 2002 to 2005 and followed up until June 2015. Baseline weight was ascertained at an in‐person interview at recruitment and follow‐up weight was ascertained by telephone interview in 2009. Delayed entry Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess associations between relative weight change and all‐cause mortality, breast cancer mortality, and recurrence‐free survival. In total, 2216 patients were included. Compared to weight maintenance (within 5%), weight loss >10% increased risk of all‐cause mortality (HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.61, 3.88), breast cancer mortality (HR 3.07, 95% CI 1.69, 5.60) and less so of recurrence‐free survival (HR 1.43, 95% CI 0.87, 2.36). Large weight gain of >10% also increased all‐cause mortality (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.02, 2.62) and breast cancer mortality (HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.25, 4.04). Weight maintenance for up to 5 years in long‐term breast cancer survivors may help improve survival and prognosis. Postdiagnosis fluctuations in body weight of greater than 10% may lead to increased mortality. Survivors should be recommended to avoid large deviations in body weight from diagnosis onwards to maintain health and prolong life.
Public health insurance and cancer‐specific mortality risk among patients with breast cancer: A prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Xie Yuxin , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur A. , Wang Chengshi , Zhong XiaoRong , Gou Qiheng , Zheng Hong , Deng Ling , He Ping , Hu Kejia , Fall Katja , Fang Fang , Tamimi Rulla M. , Luo Ting , Lu Donghao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLittle is known about how health insurance policies, particularly in developing countries, influence breast cancer prognosis. Here, we examined the association between individual health insurance and breast cancer‐specific mortality in China. We included 7436 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2009 and 2016, at West China Hospital, Sichuan University. The health insurance plan of patient was classified as either urban or rural schemes and was also categorized as reimbursement rate (ie, the covered/total charge) below or above the median. Breast cancer‐specific mortality was the primary outcome. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for cancer‐specific mortality, contrasting rates among patients with a rural insurance scheme or low reimbursement rate to that of those with an urban insurance scheme or high reimbursement rate, respectively. During a median follow‐up of 3.1 years, we identified 326 deaths due to breast cancer. Compared to patients covered by urban insurance schemes, patients covered by rural insurance schemes had a 29% increased cancer‐specific mortality (95% CI 0%‐65%) after adjusting for demographics, tumor characteristics and treatment modes. Reimbursement rate below the median was associated with a 42% increased rate of cancer‐specific mortality (95% CI 11%‐82%). Every 10% increase in the reimbursement rate is associated with a 7% (95% CI 2%‐12%) reduction in cancer‐specific mortality risk, particularly in patients covered by rural insurance schemes (26%, 95% CI 9%‐39%). Our findings suggest that underinsured patients face a higher risk of breast cancer‐specific mortality in developing countries.
Half a century of bacteriophage lambda recombinase: In vitro studies of lambda exonuclease and Red‐beta annealase
Authors: Brewster Jodi L. , Tolun Gökhan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDNA recombination, replication, and repair are intrinsically interconnected processes. From viruses to humans, they are ubiquitous and essential to all life on Earth. Single‐strand annealing homologous DNA recombination is a major mechanism for the repair of double‐stranded DNA breaks. An exonuclease and an annealase work in tandem, forming a complex known as a two‐component recombinase. Redβ annealase and λ‐exonuclease from phage lambda form the archetypal two‐component recombinase complex. In this short review article, we highlight some of the in vitro studies that have led to our current understanding of the lambda recombinase system. We synthesize insights from more than half a century of research, summarizing the state of our current understanding. From this foundation, we identify the gaps in our knowledge and cast an eye forward to consider what the next 50 years of research may uncover.
Pharmacokinetics of the Monoclonal Antibody MHAA4549A Administered in Combination With Oseltamivir in Patients Hospitalized With Severe Influenza A Infection
Authors: Deng Rong , She Gaohong , Maia Mauricio , Lim Jeremy J. , Peck Melicent C. , McBride Jacqueline M. , Kulkarni Priya , Horn Priscilla , Castro Aide , Newton Elizabeth , Tavel Jorge A. , Hanley William D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMHAA4549A is a human anti‐influenza A monoclonal antibody developed to treat influenza A. We report MHAA4549A serum, nasopharyngeal, and tracheal aspirate pharmacokinetics from a phase 2b study in hospitalized patients with severe influenza A. Patients were randomized 1:1:1 into 3 groups receiving single intravenous doses of 3600 mg (n = 55) or 8400 mg (n = 47) MHAA4549A or placebo (n = 56). Patients also received oral oseltamivir twice daily for ≥5 days. Serum, nasopharyngeal, and tracheal aspirate pharmacokinetic samples were collected on days 1‐60 from MHAA4549A‐treated groups. Day 5 plasma samples from all groups were collected for assessing the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and its active metabolite, oseltamivir carboxylate. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using Phoenix WinNonlin. Data were collected during a preplanned interim analysis that became final when the trial terminated because of a lack of efficacy. Serum MHAA4549A concentrations were dose‐proportional and biphasic. Mean MHAA4549A clearance was 288‐350 mL/day, and mean half‐life was 17.8‐19.0 days. Nasopharyngeal MHAA4549A concentrations were non‐dose‐proportional. We detected MHAA4549A in tracheal aspirate samples, but intersubject variability was high. MHAA4549A serum and nasopharyngeal exposures were confirmed in all MHAA4549A‐treated patients. Serum MHAA4549A had faster clearance and a shorter half‐life in influenza A‐infected patients compared with healthy subjects. MHAA4549A detection in tracheal aspirate samples indicated exposure in the lower respiratory tract. Oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate exposures were similar between MHAA4549A‐treated and placebo groups, suggesting a lack of MHAA4549A interference with oseltamivir pharmacokinetics.
Closed depressions and soil phosphorus influence subsurface phosphorus losses in a tile‐drained field in Illinois
Authors: Andino Luis F. , Gentry Lowell E. , Fraterrigo Jennifer M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractArtificial subsurface (tile) drainage systems can convey phosphorus (P) from agricultural fields to surface waters; however, controls of subsurface dissolved reactive P (DRP) losses at the sub‐field scale are not fully understood. We characterized subsurface DRP loads and flow‐weighted mean concentration (FWMC) from January 2015 through September 2017 to determine seasonal (growing vs. non‐growing) patterns from 36 individually monitored plots across a farm under a corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation in east‐central Illinois. Using linear mixed models, we investigated the effects of soil test P (STP), depression depth, and their interaction with precipitation and P fertilization on subsurface DRP losses. Dissolved reactive P loads in drainage tiles increased with precipitation and were greatest during the non‐growing season (NGS) in 2016 and 2017. Annual subsurface DRP loads were positively related to STP, and during the NGS, there was a positive relationship between depression depth quantified at the plot‐scale and subsurface DRP loads and FWMC. Along a depression‐depth gradient, piecewise regression displayed a threshold at a depth of 0.38 m at which STP increased, indicating soil P accumulation in deeper closed depressions. Our study highlights the need to identify areas with the greatest risk of subsurface P losses to implement sub‐field scale nutrient management practices.