bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multicenter Study of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes of Cancer Patients in Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Hongyan , Wang Linwei , Chen Yuanyuan , Shen Xiaokun , Wang Qun , Yan Youqin , Yu Yi , Wu Qiuji , Zhong Yahua , Chua Melvin L.K. , Xie Conghua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAt present, there is a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. For COVID-19 patients, cancer is a coexisting disease that should not be Here, we conducted a multicenter retrospective study to show the clinical information and outcomes of cancer patients infected with COVID-19.MeasurementsMedical records of COVID-19 patients with cancer admitted to hospitals from Jan 5, 2020 to Feb 18, 2020 were collected.ResultsOf the 67 patients (median age: 66 years), the median age of patients with severe illness was older than that of patients with mild symptoms (P<0.001). The proportion of severe patients had co-morbidities was higher than patients with mild disease (P=0.004). During the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, tumor progression and recurrence was not observed for those patients still at the anticancer treatment phase. Lymphocytopenia was the main laboratory finding accompanying increased C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in cancer patients, especially in severe cases. By Mar 10, 2020, 18 (26.9%) patients died from COVID-19. The median age of survivors was younger than that of deaths (P=0.014). Lung cancer (n=15, 22.4%) was the most common cancer type and accounted for the highest proportion COVID-19 resulted deaths (33.3%, 5/15). We observed a tendency that patients at the follow-up phase had a better prognosis than that at anticancer treatment phase (P=0.095).ConclusionThis study showed COVID-19 patients with cancer seem to have a higher proportion of severe cases and poorer prognosis. We should pay more intensive attentions to cancer patients infected with COVID-19.
Neuron-glia Integrity: Functional Assessment, Molecular Underpinnings, and Implication for Higher Brain Functions
Authors: Zeng Haiyan , Zhang Xiaolei , Wang Wenqiang , Shen Zhiwei , Dai Zhuozhi , Yu Zhijia , Xu Shuqin , Yan Gen , Huang Qingjun , Wu Renhua , Chen Xi , Xu Haiyun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe developed a theory of neuron-glia integrity to underline the fact that neurons and glia cells work together in the central nervous system. Here we substantiated this theory and exemplified the implication of intact neuron-glia integrity for higher brain functions. An animal model of maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW) was applied to neonatal rats to mimic early life neglect and abuse in humans. Behavioral performance of rats was evaluated at adulthood, followed by functional assessments of neuron-glia integrity in living rats, and the demonstration of molecular underpinnings of impaired neuron-glia integrity in MSEW rats. MSEW rats showed higher levels of anxiety and explorative activity, higher glutamate level, but lower GABA level in PFC and hippocampus. MSEW procedure down-regulated protein levels of GLT-1 and ATP-α, but up-regulated GAD65 and GS, while had no effects on GLAST and PAG. Moreover, it reduced the fractional anisotropy values in various brain regions, in addition to increasing NAA levels. Concurrently, MSEW led to hypomyelination in PFC as evidenced by relevant cellular and molecular changes.
Characterization ofSalix nigrafloral insect community and activity of three nativeAndrenabees
Authors: Simon Sandra J. , Keefover-Ring Ken , Park Yong-Lak , Wimp Gina , Grady Julianne , DiFazio Stephen P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSalix nigra(black willow) is a widespread tree that hosts many species of polylectic hymenopterans and oligolectic bees of the genusAndrena. The early flowering time ofS. nigramakes it an important nutritive resource for arthropods emerging from hibernation. However, sinceS. nigrais dioecious, not all insect visits will lead to successful pollination. Using both visual observation and pan-trapping we characterized the community of arthropods that visitedS. nigraflowers and assessed the differences among male and female trees as well as the chemical and visual drivers that influenced community composition across three years. We found that male trees consistently supported higher diversity of insects than female trees and only three insect species, allAndrenaspp., consistently visited both sexes. Additionally,A. nigrae, which was the only insect that occurred more on female than male flowers, correlated strongly to volatile cues. This suggests that cross-pollinators cue into specific aspects of floral scent, but diversity of floral visitors is driven strongly by visual cues. Through time the floral activity of twoAndrenaspecies remained stable, butA. nigraevisited less in 2017 when flowers bloomed earlier than other years. When native bee emergence does not synchronize with bloom, activity appears to be greatly diminished which could threaten species that only subsist on a single host. Despite the community diversity ofS. nigraflowers, its productivity depends on a small fraction of species that are not threatened by competition, but rather rapidly changing conditions that lead to host-insect asynchrony.
The role of islet lipid composition remodeling in regulation of beta-cell death via ADP-ribosyl-acceptor glycohydrolase ARH3 signaling in insulitis
Authors: Nakayasu Ernesto S. , Deiter Cailin , Kyle Jennifer E. , Guney Michelle A. , Sarbaugh Dylan , Yin Ruichuan , Cui Yi , Nicora Carrie D. , Syed Farooq , Juan-Mateu Jonas , Mirmira Raghavendra G. , Evans-Molina Carmella , Eizirik Decio L. , Webb-Robertson Bobbie-Jo M. , Burnum-Johnson Kristin , Orr Galya , Laskin Julia , Metz Thomas O. , Sussel Lori , Ansong Charles 
Published: March 2020

SummaryLipids have been implicated as mediators of insulitis and β-cell death in type 1 diabetes development, but the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the changes in islet/β-cell lipid composition using three models of insulitis: human islets and EndoC-βH1 β-cells treated with the cytokines IL-1β and IFN-γ, and islets from non-obese diabetic mice. Across all three models, lipidomic analyses showed a consistent change in abundance of the lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol species. We also showed that lysophosphatidylcholine and its biosynthetic enzyme PLA2G6 are enriched in murine islets. We determined that the ADP-ribosyl-acceptor glycohydrolase ARH3 is regulated by cytokines downstream of PLA2G6, which in turn regulates proteins involved in apoptosis, lipid metabolism, antigen processing and presentation and chemokines. ARH3 reduced cytokine-induced apoptosis, which may represent a negative feedback mechanism. Overall, these data show the importance of lipid metabolism in regulating β-cell death in type 1 diabetes.HighlightsLipidomics of 3 insulitis models revealed commonly regulated lipid classes.Identification of 35 proteins regulated by cytokines via PLA2G6 signaling.ARH3 reduces cytokine-induced apoptosis via PLA2G6 regulation.ARH3 regulates the levels of proteins related to insulitis and type 1 diabetes.
Vpr Co-assembles with Gag during HIV-1 Assembly
Authors: Bredbenner Kate , Simon Sanford M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr is packaged into new virions at a 7:1 ratio of Gag/Vpr. Previous biochemical and genetic analysis has shown that Vpr gets packaged into virions via an LXXLF motif on the p6 domain of the Gag structural polyprotein. The kinetics of Vpr packaging compared to Gag assembly was previously unknown. Here, we confirm via biochemistry and imaging that fluorescently tagged Vpr gets packaged into virus-like particles only when the LXXLF motif is intact. When the LXXLF motif is mutated, Vpr is no longer recruited to Gag assemblies. When Vpr and Gag assembly are imaged together, we see that Vpr co-assembles with a slight delay compared to Gag suggesting that Vpr is not being recruited to the membrane with Gag but is instead being recruited to actively assembling Gag.ImportanceHIV-1 affects over 30 million people around the globe, and although we have good treatments, there is still no cure. The virus encodes 15 distinct proteins, and four of those proteins are known as accessory proteins. Vpr is one of the accessory proteins that is packaged into HIV-1 by interacting with the Gag structural protein. Without Vpr, HIV-1 is not as infectious. Our research shows that Vpr is packaged into new viruses as the virus is being formed rather than being put in towards the end of the assembly of a virus. Getting a clearer view of each step in the process of assembling each virion will help inform future treatments and help with overall comparisons between the assembly of different viruses.
Comparison of the spatiotemporal characteristics of the COVID-19 and SARS outbreaks in mainland China
Authors: Zhang Xi , Rao Hua-Xiang , Wu Yuwan , Huang Yubei , Dai Hongji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBoth coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) are caused by coronaviruses and have infected people in China and worldwide. We aimed to investigate whether COVID-19 and SARS exhibited similar spatial and temporal features at the provincial level in mainland China.MethodsThe number of people infected by COVID-19 and SARS were extracted from daily briefings on newly confirmed cases during the epidemics, as of Mar. 4, 2020 and Aug. 3, 2003, respectively. We depicted the spatiotemporal patterns of the COVID-19 and SARS epidemics using spatial statistics such as Moran’s I and the local indicators of spatial association (LISA).ResultsCompared to SARS, COVID-19 had a higher incidence. We identified 3 clusters (predominantly located in south-central China, highest RR=135.08) for COVID-19 and 4 clusters (mainly in Northern China, highest RR=423.51) for SARS. Fewer secondary clusters were identified after the “Wuhan lockdown”. The LISA cluster map detected a significantly high-low (Hubei) and low-high spatial clustering (Anhui, Hunan, and Jiangxi, in Central China) for COVID-19. Two significant high-high (Beijing and Tianjin) and low-high (Hebei) clusters were detected for SARS, although the global Moran’s I value was not significant.ConclusionsThe different spatiotemporal clustering patterns between COVID-19 and SARS could point to changes in social and demographic factors, local government containment strategies or differences in transmission mechanisms between these coronaviruses.
Estimating internationally imported cases during the early COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Menkir Tigist F. , Chin Taylor , Hay James , Surface Erik D. , De Salazar Pablo M. , Buckee Caroline O. , Watts Alexander , Khan Kamran , Sherbo Ryan , Yan Ada W. C. , Mina Michael , Lipsitch Marc , Niehus Rene 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEarly in the COVID-19 pandemic, when cases were predominantly reported in the city of Wuhan, China, local outbreaks in Europe, North America, and Asia were largely predicted from imported cases on flights from Wuhan, potentially missing imports from other key source cities. Here, we account for importations from Wuhan and from other cities in China, combining COVID-19 prevalence estimates in 18 Chinese cities with estimates of flight passenger volume to predict for each day between early December 2019 to late February 2020 the number of cases exported from China. We predict that the main source of global case importation in early January was Wuhan, but due to the Wuhan lockdown and the rapid spread of the virus, the main source of case importation from mid February became Chinese cities outside of Wuhan. For destinations in Africa in particular, non-Wuhan cities were an important source of case imports (1 case from those cities for each case from Wuhan, range of model scenarios: 0.1-9.8). Our model predicts that 18.4 (8.5 - 100) COVID-19 cases were imported to 26 destination countries in Africa, with most of them (90%) predicted to have arrived between 7th January (±10 days) and 5th February (±3 days), and all of them predicted prior to the first case detections. We finally observed marked heterogeneities in expected imported cases across those locations. Our estimates shed light on shifting sources and local risks of case importation which can help focus surveillance efforts and guide public health policy during the final stages of the pandemic. We further provide a time window for the seeding of local epidemics in African locations, a key parameter for estimating expected outbreak size and burden on local health care systems and societies, that has yet to be defined in these locations.
Metabologenomics identified fecal biomarkers for bowel movement regulation byBifidobacterium longumcapsules: an RCT
Authors: Nakamura Y. , Suzuki S. , Murakami S. , Higashi K. , Watarai N. , Nishimoto Y. , Umetsu J. , Ishii C. , Ito Y. , Mori Y. , Kohno M. , Yamada T. , Fukuda S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBifidobacterium longumsupplementation can be used to regulate bowel movement; however, individuals vary in the response toB. longumtreatment. One putative factor is the gut microbiota; recent studies have reported that the gut microbiota mediates diet or drug effects. Here, we investigated intestinal features related toB. longumeffectiveness in increasing bowel movement frequency.ResultsA randomized, double-blind controlled crossover trial was conducted with twenty Japanese subjects selected from 50 participants. The subjects received a two-week dietary intervention consisting ofB. longumin acid-resistant seamless capsules or similarly encapsulated starch powder. Bowel movement frequency was recorded daily, and time-series fecal collection was conducted for metabologenomic analyses. There were differences among subjects inB. longumintake-induced bowel movement frequency. The responders were predictable by machine learning based on the metabologenomic features of the fecal samples collected beforeB. longumintake. Between responders and non-responders, the abundances of nine bacterial genera and of three compounds were significantly different.ConclusionsThus, the gut microbiome and metabolome composition have a strong impact onB. longumsupplementation effectiveness in increasing bowel movement frequency, and gut metabologenomics enablesB. longum supplementation effect prediction before intake. These findings have implications for the development of personalized probiotic treatments.Trial registrationUMIN-CTR, UMIN000018924. Registered 07 September 2015,https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000021894
Reconsidering the border between the visual and posterior parietal cortex of mice
Authors: Gilissen Sara R. J. , Farrow Karl , Bonin Vincent , Arckens Lutgarde 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe posterior parietal cortex (PPC) contributes to multisensory and sensory-motor integration, as well as spatial navigation. Based on studies in primates, the PPC is composed of several subdivisions with differing connection patterns, including areas that exhibit retinotopy. In mice the exact anatomical location and composition of the PPC is poorly understood. We present a revised delineation in which we classify the higher-order visual areas RL, AM and MMA as subregions of the mouse PPC. Retrograde and anterograde tracing revealed connectivity, characteristic for primate PPC, with sensory, retrosplenial, orbitofrontal, cingulate and motor cortex, as well as with several thalamic nuclei and the superior colliculus in the mouse. Regarding cortical input, RL receives major input from the somatosensory barrel field, while AM receives more input from the trunk, whereas MMA receives strong inputs from retrosplenial, cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices. These input differences suggest that each new PPC sub-region has a distinct function. Summarized, we put forward a new refined cortical map, including a mouse PPC that contains at least 6 sub-regions, RL, AM, MMA and PtP, MPta, LPta/A. These results will facilitate a more detailed understanding about the role that the PPC and its subdivisions play in multisensory integration-based behavior in mice.HighlightsHigher-order visual areas RL, AM and MMA are part of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of the mouse based on connectivity.The mouse PPC contains at least 6 sub-regions, including RL, AM, MMA, PtP, LPtA/A and MPtASpecialized cortical input patterns to the new PPC subdivisions may reflect division of function.A new flattened map for mouse cortex represents refined auditory, visual, retrosplenial and PPC areas.
The consequences of size-selective fishing mortality for larval production and sustainable yield in species with obligate male care
Authors: Kindsvater Holly K. , Halvorsen Kim Tallaksen , Sørdalen Tonje Knutsen , Alonzo Suzanne H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSize-based harvest limits or gear regulations are often used to manage fishing mortality and ensure the spawning biomass of females is sufficiently protected. Yet, management interactions with species’ mating systems that affect fishery sustainability and yield are rarely considered. For species with obligate male care, it is possible that size-specific harvest of males will decrease larval production. In order to examine how size-based management practices interact with mating systems, we modeled fisheries of two species with obligate care of nests, corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops, Labridae) and lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus, Hexigrammidae) under two management scenarios, a minimum size limit and a harvest slot limit. We simulated the population dynamics, larval production, and yield to the fishery under a range of fishing mortalities. We also modeled size-dependent male care to determine its interaction with management. In both species, the slot limit decreased yield by less than 12% (relative to minimum size limits) at low fishing mortalities; at higher mortalities, individuals rarely survived to outgrow the slot and spawning potential decreased substantially relative to unfished levels, similar to minimum size limits. Spawning potential decreased less when managed with a slot limit if we included a positive feedback between male size, care, and hatching success, but the benefit of implementing the slot depended both on the relative proportions of each sex selected by the fishery, and on our assumptions regarding male size and care. This work highlights that the effects of size- and sex-selective fisheries management can be nuanced and produce counter-intuitive results.
Structural insights into assembly and function of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex
Authors: Baker Richard W. , Reimer Janice M. , Carman Peter J. , Arakawa Tsutomu , Dominguez Roberto , Leschziner Andres E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChromatin remodelers regulate the position and composition of nucleosomes throughout the genome, producing different remodeling outcomes despite a shared underlying mechanism based on a conserved RecA DNA translocase. How this functional diversity is achieved remains unknown despite recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstructions of several remodelers, including the yeast RSC complex. To address this, we have focused on a RSC subcomplex comprising its ATPase (Sth1), the essential actin-related proteins (ARPs) Arp7 and Arp9, and the fungal-specific protein Rtt102. Combining cryo-EM and biochemistry of this subcomplex, which exhibits regulation of remodeling by the ARPs, we show that ARP binding induces a helical conformation in the HSA domain of Sth1, which bridges the ATPase domain with the bulk of the complex. Surprisingly, the ARP module is rotated by 120° in the subcomplex relative to full RSC about a pivot point previously identified as a regulatory hub in Sth1, suggesting that large conformational changes are part of Sth1 regulation and RSC assembly. We also show that an interaction between Sth1 and the nucleosome acidic patch, which appears to be conserved among SWI/SNF remodelers, enhances remodeling. Taken together, our structural data shed light on the assembly and function of the RSC complex.
Effectiveness of current protection for Maui dolphin
Authors: Slooten Elisabeth 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper describes changes to protected areas for Maui dolphin(Cephalorhynchus hectori mauii)implemented in 2012 and 2013, and estimates their effectiveness in reducing bycatch. An Expert Panel of New Zealand and international scientists, convened by the New Zealand government in 2012, estimated that five Maui dolphins were killed in fishing gear each year – one in trawl fisheries and four in gillnet fisheries. The estimated number of trawl mortalities is unchanged, as no additional protection from trawling has been implemented. The number of gillnet mortalities per year is estimated to have decreased to at best two per year. The International Whaling Commission has recommended that gillnet and trawl fisheries be banned in Maui dolphin habitat, reducing bycatch to as close as practicable to zero.
Day case versus inpatient total shoulder arthroplasty: A retrospective cohort study and cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Borakati Aditya , Ali Asad , Nagaraj Chetana , Gadikoppula Srinivas , Kurer Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDay case total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is a novel approach, not widely practiced in Europe. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients comparing elective day case and inpatient TSAs in our UK centre.AimTo evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of day case total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) compared to standard inpatient total shoulder arthroplasty.MethodsAll patients undergoing TSA between January 2017 and July 2018 were included. Outcome measures were: change in abduction and extension 3 months postoperatively; 30 day postoperative adverse events and re-admissions in day case and inpatient groups. We also conducted an economic evaluation of outpatient arthroplasty. Multivariate linear and logistic regression were used to adjust for demographic and operative covariates.Results59 patients were included, 18 day cases and 41 inpatients. There were no adverse events or re-admissions at 30 days postoperatively in either group. There were no significant differences in adjusted flexion (mean difference 16.4°; 95% CI -17.6° to 50.5°, p=0.337) or abduction (mean difference 13.2° 95% CI; -18.4° to 44.9°, p=0.405) postoperatively between groups. Median savings with outpatient arthroplasty were GBP 529 (IQR 247.33 to 789, p<0.0001).ConclusionDay case TSA is a safe, effective procedure, with significant cost benefit. Wider use may be warranted in the UK and beyond, with potential for significant cost savings and improved efficiency.Core tipIn this article we show that day case total shoulder arthroplasty is a feasible, safe and effective alternative to inpatient admission for the same procedure, with an associated average cost saving of GBP 529.
Estimating the ascertainment rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: implications for management of the global outbreak
Authors: Lytras Theodore , Panagiotakopoulos Georgios , Tsiodras Sotirios 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe sought to estimate the ascertainment ratio of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China, using a modified Bayesian SEIR model with publicly reported case data. We estimated it at 0.465% (95%CI: 0.464–0.466%), implying that the outbreak in Wuhan was abated by depletion of susceptibles, rather than public health action alone. This suggests a high-transmissibility/low-severity profile for the current pandemic and raises doubt about whether suppression, rather than mitigation, is a feasible goal.