bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumption of breast milk, formula and other non-human milk by children aged under 2 years: analysis of eighty-six low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Neves Paulo AR , Barros Aluísio JD , Baker Phillip , Piwoz Ellen , Santos Thiago M , Gatica-Domínguez Giovanna , Vaz Juliana S , Rollins Nigel , Victora Cesar G 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:To investigate the prevalence and socio-economic inequalities in breast milk, breast milk substitutes (BMS) and other non-human milk consumption, by children under 2 years in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).Design:We analysed the prevalence of continued breast-feeding at 1 and 2 years and frequency of formula and other non-human milk consumption by age in months. Indicators were estimated through 24-h dietary recall. Absolute and relative wealth indicators were used to describe within- and between-country socio-economic inequalities.Setting:Nationally representative surveys from 2010 onwards from eighty-six LMIC.Participants:394 977 children aged under 2 years.Results:Breast-feeding declined sharply as children became older in all LMIC, especially in upper-middle-income countries. BMS consumption peaked at 6 months of age in low/lower-middle-income countries and at around 12 months in upper-middle-income countries. Irrespective of country, BMS consumption was higher in children from wealthier families, and breast-feeding in children from poorer families. Multilevel linear regression analysis showed that BMS consumption was positively associated with absolute income, and breast-feeding negatively associated. Findings for other non-human milk consumption were less straightforward. Unmeasured factors at country level explained a substantial proportion of overall variability in BMS consumption and breast-feeding.Conclusions:Breast-feeding falls sharply as children become older, especially in wealthier families in upper-middle-income countries; this same group also consumes more BMS at any age. Country-level factors play an important role in explaining BMS consumption by all family wealth groups, suggesting that BMS marketing at national level might be partly responsible for the observed differences.
Kindliche narrative Kohärenz als Prädiktor für spätere soziale Kompetenz und positive Peerbeziehungen
Authors: Stadelmann Stephanie , Stadelmann Stephanie , Netzl Johanna , Dähne Verena , White Lars Otto , Klein Annette Maria , Klitzing Kai von , Döhnert Mirko , Döhnert Mirko 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Studie untersucht den prädiktiven Wert sozialer Kompetenz-Themen und narrativer Kohärenz, erfasst in einem Spielnarrativ-Verfahren, für soziale Kompetenz und Peerbeziehungen von Kindern, eingeschätzt durch die Eltern. Untersucht wurden 97 8- bis 14-Jährige mit/ohne psychische Störungen zu zwei Zeitpunkten ( t1/ t2). Das Spielnarrativ-Verfahren wurde zu t1 durchgeführt. Eltern schätzten soziale Kompetenzen und Peerbeziehungen zu t1 und t2 ein. Multivariate Analysen zeigten, dass höhere narrative Kohärenz in den Spielnarrativen (nicht aber soziale Kompetenz-Themen) quer- und längsschnittlich mit höheren sozialen Kompetenzen, positiveren Peerbeziehungen, weniger sozialen Problemen und sozialem Rückzug im Elternurteil zusammenhing. Höhere narrative Kohärenz sagte auch den Zuwachs positiver Peerbeziehungen und die Verminderung sozialen Rückzugs 1,5 Jahre später voraus. Die Befunde belegen die Bedeutung narrativer Kohärenz für die kindliche sozioemotionale Entwicklung.
Forcing From Lower Thermosphere and Quiet Time Scintillation Longitudinal Dependence
Authors: Yizengaw Endawoke , Groves Keith 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe quiet time ionospheric plasma bubbles that occur almost every day become a significant threat for radio frequency (RF) signal degradation that affects communication and navigation systems. We have analyzed multi‐instrument observations to determine the driving mechanism for quiet time bubbles and to answer the longstanding problem, what controls the longitudinal and seasonal dependence of ionospheric irregularity occurrence rate? While VHF scintillation and GNSS ROTI are used to characterize irregularity occurrence, the vertical drifts from JRO and IVM onboard C/NOFS, as well as gravity waves (GWs) amplitudes, extracted SABER temperature profiles, are utilized to identify the potential driving mechanism for the generation of small‐scale plasma density irregularities. We demonstrated that the postsunset vertical drift enhancement may not always be a requirement for the generation of equatorial plasma bubbles. The tropospheric GWs with a vertical wavelength (4 km < λv < 30 km) can also penetrate to higher altitudes and provide enough seeding to the bottom side ionosphere and elicit density irregularity. This paper, using a one‐to‐one comparison between GWs amplitudes and irregularity occurrence distributions, also demonstrated that the GWs seeding plays a critical role in modulating the longitudinal dependence of equatorial density irregularities. Thus, it is becoming increasingly clear that understanding the forcing from a lower thermosphere is critically essential for the modeling community to predict and forecast the day‐to‐day and longitudinal variabilities of ionospheric irregularities and scintillations.
Efficacy and safety profile of deep responders to carfilzomib-based therapy: a subgroup analysis from ASPIRE and ENDEAVOR
Authors: Weisel Katja , Mateos Maria-Victoria , Gay Francesca , Delforge Michel , Cook Gordon , Szabo Zsolt , Desgraz Renaud , DeCosta Lucy , Moreau Philippe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo understand the profile of best responders (complete response or better [≥CR]) to carfilzomib, we described the characteristics, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) data, and the safety of patients who achieved ≥CR to carfilzomib-based treatment in ASPIRE and ENDEAVOR. In post hoc analyses from ASPIRE and ENDEAVOR, median PFS and OS were longer for ≥CR patients versus those who achieved a very good partial response or partial response (VGPR/PR). In the carfilzomib arm of ASPIRE, median PFS was 50.4 months for ≥CR versus 22.1 months for VGPR/PR; median OS was 67.0 versus 44.2 months, respectively. In the carfilzomib arm of ENDEAVOR, median PFS was 34.0 for ≥CR versus 20.4 months for VGPR/PR; median OS was non-estimable. Despite the longer treatment duration, fewer patients with ≥CR versus VGPR/PR experienced treatment-emergent adverse events that led to discontinuation of carfilzomib-based treatment in ASPIRE or ENDEAVOR. Low serum lactate dehydrogenase was the only factor associated with achieving ≥CR vs patients not achieving CR in ASPIRE in multivariate regression analyses. No association was found between cytogenetic risk status and reaching ≥CR. Carfilzomib treatment may lead to rapid and deep responses, irrespective of most patient characteristics.
Genomic and kinetic analysis of novel Nitrospinae enriched by cell sorting
Authors: Mueller Anna J , Jung Man-Young , Strachan Cameron R , Herbold Craig W , Kirkegaard Rasmus H , Wagner Michael , Daims Holger 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) are key players in global nitrogen and carbon cycling. Members of the phylum Nitrospinae are the most abundant, known NOB in the oceans. To date, only two closely affiliated Nitrospinae species have been isolated, which are only distantly related to the environmentally abundant uncultured Nitrospinae clades. Here, we applied live cell sorting, activity screening, and subcultivation on marine nitrite-oxidizing enrichments to obtain novel marine Nitrospinae. Two binary cultures were obtained, each containing one Nitrospinae strain and one alphaproteobacterial heterotroph. The Nitrospinae strains represent two new genera, and one strain is more closely related to environmentally abundant Nitrospinae than previously cultured NOB. With an apparent half-saturation constant of 8.7 ± 2.5 µM, this strain has the highest affinity for nitrite among characterized marine NOB, while the other strain (16.2 ± 1.6 µM) and Nitrospina gracilis (20.1 ± 2.1 µM) displayed slightly lower nitrite affinities. The new strains and N. gracilis share core metabolic pathways for nitrite oxidation and CO2 fixation but differ remarkably in their genomic repertoires of terminal oxidases, use of organic N sources, alternative energy metabolisms, osmotic stress and phage defense. The new strains, tentatively named “Candidatus Nitrohelix vancouverensis” and “Candidatus Nitronauta litoralis”, shed light on the niche differentiation and potential ecological roles of Nitrospinae.
High resolution spectral metrology leveraging topologically enhanced optical activity in fibers
Authors: Greenberg Aaron P. , Prabhakar Gautam , Ramachandran Siddharth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOptical rotation, a form of optical activity, is a phenomenon employed in various metrological applications and industries including chemical, food, and pharmaceutical. In naturally-occurring, as well as structured media, the integrated effect is, however, typically small. Here, we demonstrate that, by exploiting the inherent and stable spin-orbit interaction of orbital angular momentum fiber modes, giant, scalable optical activity can be obtained, and that we can use this effect to realize a new type of wavemeter by exploiting its optical rotary dispersion. The device we construct provides for an instantaneous wavelength-measurement technique with high resolving power R = 3.4 × 106 (i.e., resolution < 0.3 pm at 1-μm wavelengths) and can also detect spectral bandwidths of known lineshapes with high sensitivity.
Structure of inhibitor-bound mammalian complex I
Authors: Bridges Hannah R. , Fedor Justin G. , Blaza James N. , Di Luca Andrea , Jussupow Alexander , Jarman Owen D. , Wright John J. , Agip Ahmed-Noor A. , Gamiz-Hernandez Ana P. , Roessler Maxie M. , Kaila Ville R. I. , Hirst Judy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRespiratory complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) captures the free energy from oxidising NADH and reducing ubiquinone to drive protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane and power oxidative phosphorylation. Recent cryo-EM analyses have produced near-complete models of the mammalian complex, but leave the molecular principles of its long-range energy coupling mechanism open to debate. Here, we describe the 3.0-Å resolution cryo-EM structure of complex I from mouse heart mitochondria with a substrate-like inhibitor, piericidin A, bound in the ubiquinone-binding active site. We combine our structural analyses with both functional and computational studies to demonstrate competitive inhibitor binding poses and provide evidence that two inhibitor molecules bind end-to-end in the long substrate binding channel. Our findings reveal information about the mechanisms of inhibition and substrate reduction that are central for understanding the principles of energy transduction in mammalian complex I.
Understanding and managing new risks on the Nile with the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
Authors: Wheeler Kevin G. , Jeuland Marc , Hall Jim W. , Zagona Edith , Whittington Dale 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhen construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is completed, the Nile will have two of the world’s largest dams—the High Aswan Dam (HAD) and the GERD—in two different countries (Egypt and Ethiopia). There is not yet agreement on how these dams will operate to manage scarce water resources. We elucidate the potential risks and opportunities to Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia by simulating the filling period of the reservoir; a new normal period after the reservoir fills; and a severe multi-year drought after the filling. Our analysis illustrates how during filling the HAD reservoir could fall to levels not seen in recent decades, although the risk of water shortage in Egypt is relatively low. The new normal will benefit Ethiopia and Sudan without significantly affecting water users in Egypt. Management of multi-year droughts will require careful coordination if risks of harmful impacts are to be minimized.
Metformin enhances anti-mycobacterial responses by educating CD8+ T-cell immunometabolic circuits
Authors: Böhme Julia , Martinez Nuria , Li Shamin , Lee Andrea , Marzuki Mardiana , Tizazu Anteneh Mehari , Ackart David , Frenkel Jessica Haugen , Todd Alexandra , Lachmandas Ekta , Lum Josephine , Shihui Foo , Ng Tze Pin , Lee Bernett , Larbi Anis , Netea Mihai G. , Basaraba Randall , van Crevel Reinout , Newell Evan , Kornfeld Hardy , Singhal Amit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPatients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a lower risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, progression from infection to tuberculosis (TB) disease, TB morality and TB recurrence, when being treated with metformin. However, a detailed mechanistic understanding of these protective effects is lacking. Here, we use mass cytometry to show that metformin treatment expands a population of memory-like antigen-inexperienced CD8+CXCR3+ T cells in naive mice, and in healthy individuals and patients with T2D. Metformin-educated CD8+ T cells have increased (i) mitochondrial mass, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation; (ii) survival capacity; and (iii) anti-mycobacterial properties. CD8+ T cells from Cxcr3−/− mice do not exhibit this metformin-mediated metabolic programming. In BCG-vaccinated mice and guinea pigs, metformin enhances immunogenicity and protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis challenge. Collectively, these results demonstrate an important function of CD8+ T cells in metformin-derived host metabolic-fitness towards M. tuberculosis infection.
ATP hydrolysis by yeast Hsp104 determines protein aggregate dissolution and size in vivo
Authors: Sathyanarayanan Udhayabhaskar , Musa Marina , Bou Dib Peter , Raimundo Nuno , Milosevic Ira , Krisko Anita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSigns of proteostasis failure often entwine with those of metabolic stress at the cellular level. Here, we study protein sequestration during glucose deprivation-induced ATP decline in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using live-cell imaging, we find that sequestration of misfolded proteins and nascent polypeptides into two distinct compartments, stress granules, and Q-bodies, is triggered by the exhaustion of ATP. Both compartments readily dissolve in a PKA-dependent manner within minutes of glucose reintroduction and ATP level restoration. We identify the ATP hydrolase activity of Hsp104 disaggregase as the critical ATP-consuming process determining compartments abundance and size, even in optimal conditions. Sequestration of proteins into distinct compartments during acute metabolic stress and their retrieval during the recovery phase provide a competitive fitness advantage, likely promoting cell survival during stress.
Spectroscopic capture of a low-spin Mn(IV)-oxo species in Ni–Mn3O4 nanoparticles during water oxidation catalysis
Authors: Park Sunghak , Jin Kyoungsuk , Lim Hyung Kyu , Kim Jin , Cho Kang Hee , Choi Seungwoo , Seo Hongmin , Lee Moo Young , Lee Yoon Ho , Yoon Sangmoon , Kim Miyoung , Kim Hyungjun , Kim Sun Hee , Nam Ki Tae 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh-valent metal-oxo moieties have been implicated as key intermediates preceding various oxidation processes. The critical O–O bond formation step in the Kok cycle that is presumed to generate molecular oxygen occurs through the high-valent Mn-oxo species of the water oxidation complex, i.e., the Mn4Ca cluster in photosystem II. Here, we report the spectroscopic characterization of new intermediates during the water oxidation reaction of manganese-based heterogeneous catalysts and assign them as low-spin Mn(IV)-oxo species. Recently, the effects of the spin state in transition metal catalysts on catalytic reactivity have been intensely studied; however, no detailed characterization of a low-spin Mn(IV)-oxo intermediate species currently exists. We demonstrate that a low-spin configuration of Mn(IV), S = 1/2, is stably present in a heterogeneous electrocatalyst of Ni-doped monodisperse 10-nm Mn3O4 nanoparticles via oxo-ligand field engineering. An unprecedented signal (g = 1.83) is found to evolve in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum during the stepwise transition from the Jahn–Teller-distorted Mn(III). In-situ Raman analysis directly provides the evidence for Mn(IV)-oxo species as the active intermediate species. Computational analysis confirmed that the substituted nickel species induces the formation of a z-axis-compressed octahedral C4v crystal field that stabilizes the low-spin Mn(IV)-oxo intermediates.
Identifying human body states by using a flexible integrated sensor
Authors: Jin Ying , Chen Guoning , Lao Kete , Li Songhui , Lu Yong , Gan Yufeng , Li Zhundong , Hu Jiajia , Huang Jingcheng , Wen Jinxiu , Deng Honggui , Yang Min , Chen Zhiming , Hu Xiaoyan , Liang Baowen , Luo Jianyi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFlexible sensors are required to be lightweight, compatible with the skin, sufficiently sensitive, and easily integrated to extract various kinds of body vital signs during continuous healthcare monitoring in daily life. For this, a simple and low-cost flexible temperature and force sensor that uses only two carbon fiber beams as the sensing layer is reported in this work. This simple, flexible sensor can not only monitor skin temperature changes in real time but can also extract most pulse waves, including venous waves, from most parts of the human body. A pulse diagnostic glove containing three such flexible sensors was designed to simulate pulse diagnostic methods used in traditional Chinese medicine. Wearable equipment was also designed in which four flexible sensors were fixed onto different body parts (neck, chest, armpit, and fingertip) to simultaneously monitor body temperature, carotid pulse, fingertip artery pulse, and respiratory rate. Four important physiological indicators—body temperature (BT), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RR)—were extracted by the wearable equipment and analyzed to identify exercise, excited, tired, angry, and frightened body states.
Revealing the growth kinetics of atmospheric corrosion pitting in aluminum via in situ microtomography
Authors: Noell Philip J. , Schindelholz Eric J. , Melia Michael A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanistic relationship between the environment, microstructure, and local kinetics of atmospheric corrosion damage remains a central challenge. To address this challenge, this study used laboratory-based X-ray tomography to directly observe attack in-operando over an extended period, enabling insights into the evolving growth kinetics and morphology of individual pits over months of exposure. Damage progression associated with nine pits in a 99.9% pure aluminum wire exposed to chloride salts in humid air was characterized. Most pits grew at a nominally linear rate up until pit death, which occurred within 12–24 h of nucleation. Exceptions to this were observed, with three pits exhibiting bimodal growth kinetics and growing for 40 or more hours. This was explained by secondary droplets that formed near the pits, increasing the cathode area. A corrosion-driven drying mechanism likely contributed to pit death in both cases. Pits first grew into the material followed by lateral expansion.
Precise programmable quantum simulations with optical lattices
Authors: Qiu Xingze , Zou Jie , Qi Xiaodong , Li Xiaopeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present an efficient approach to precisely simulate tight binding models with optical lattices, based on programmable digital-micromirror-device (DMD) techniques. Our approach consists of a subroutine of Wegner-flow enabled precise extraction of a tight-binding model for a given optical potential, and a reverse engineering step of adjusting the potential for a targeting model, for both of which we develop classical algorithms to achieve high precision and high efficiency. With renormalization of Wannier functions and high band effects systematically calibrated in our protocol, we show the tight-binding models with programmable onsite energies and tunnelings can be precisely simulated with optical lattices integrated with the DMD techniques. With numerical simulation, we demonstrate that our approach would facilitate quantum simulation of localization physics with adequate programmability and atom-based boson sampling for illustration of quantum computational advantage. We expect this approach would pave a way towards large-scale and precise programmable quantum simulations based on optical lattices.
Proclivities for prevalence and treatment of antibiotics in the ambient water: a review
Authors: Bhagat Chandrashekhar , Kumar Manish , Tyagi Vinay Kumar , Mohapatra Pranab Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the intial two decades of the twenty-first century, antibiotic (AB) resistance in human pathogens has emerged as a major challenge for water, sanitation, and public health. Considering these challenges, we critically reviewed AB-related studies with particular emphasis on their (i) patterns of consumption, (ii) pathway prevalences and environmental implications in ambient waters, and (iii) benefits and limitations of existing AB removal/purging techniques. We found that lifestyle, land use, urbanization, the ease of availability, and the tendency of the medical practitioners to recommend ABs are the key factors governing the AB use pathway and enrichment in the environment. In the developing world, the most prevalent group of ABs is quinolone, whereas in the developed world, older-generation AB groups are most prevalent. Further, enormous variability in the consumption of ABs around the globe is explicitly highlighted in this study. Ciprofloxacin has been reported in the highest concentration among all the ABs with 28–31 mg L−1 in the raw wastewater of the Indian subcontinent. We found that adsorption may be one of the most efficient AB removal techniques, and NaOH-activated carbon prepared from Macadamia nut shells is the most effective adsorbent identified to date. The literature showed that the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model explain the AB adsorption mechanism most effectively. The future challenge lies in developing advanced protocols and markers to prioritize the strategy and simulate the ecotoxicities of the individual and a mixture of ABs.
HARDI-ZOOMit protocol improves specificity to microstructural changes in presymptomatic myelopathy
Authors: Labounek René , Valošek Jan , Horák Tomáš , Svátková Alena , Bednařík Petr , Vojtíšek Lubomír , Horáková Magda , Nestrašil Igor , Lenglet Christophe , Cohen-Adad Julien , Bednařík Josef , Hluštík Petr 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) proved promising in patients with non-myelopathic degenerative cervical cord compression (NMDCCC), i.e., without clinically manifested myelopathy. Aim of the study is to present a fast multi-shell HARDI-ZOOMit dMRI protocol and validate its usability to detect microstructural myelopathy in NMDCCC patients. In 7 young healthy volunteers, 13 age-comparable healthy controls, 18 patients with mild NMDCCC and 15 patients with severe NMDCCC, the protocol provided higher signal-to-noise ratio, enhanced visualization of white/gray matter structures in microstructural maps, improved dMRI metric reproducibility, preserved sensitivity (SE = 87.88%) and increased specificity (SP = 92.31%) of control-patient group differences when compared to DTI-RESOLVE protocol (SE = 87.88%, SP = 76.92%). Of the 56 tested microstructural parameters, HARDI-ZOOMit yielded significant patient-control differences in 19 parameters, whereas in DTI-RESOLVE data, differences were observed in 10 parameters, with mostly lower robustness. Novel marker the white-gray matter diffusivity gradient demonstrated the highest separation. HARDI-ZOOMit protocol detected larger number of crossing fibers (5–15% of voxels) with physiologically plausible orientations than DTI-RESOLVE protocol (0–8% of voxels). Crossings were detected in areas of dorsal horns and anterior white commissure. HARDI-ZOOMit protocol proved to be a sensitive and practical tool for clinical quantitative spinal cord imaging.