bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Spanish Translators for Acute Care Nurses and Physicians: Usefulness and Effect on Practitioners’ Stress
Authors: Bernard Andrew C. , Summers Audra , Thomas Jennifer , Ray Myrna , Rockich Anna , Barnes Stephen , Boulanger Bernard , Kearney Paul 
Published: April 2020

• Background Language barriers are significant impediments to providing quality healthcare, and increased stress levels among nurses and physicians are associated with these barriers. However, little evidence supports the usefulness of a translation tool specific to healthcare.• Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel English-Spanish translator designed specifically for nurses and physicians. The hypothesis was that the translator would be useful and that use of the translator would decrease stress levels among nurses and physicians caring for Spanish-speaking patients.• Methods Novel English-Spanish translators were developed entirely on the basis of input from critical care nurses and physicians. After 7 months of use, users completed surveys. Usefulness of the translator and stress levels among users were reported.• Results A total of 60% of nurses (n = 32) and 71% (n = 25) of physicians responded to the survey. A total of 96% of physicians and 97% of nurses considered the language barrier an impediment to delivering quality care. Nurses reported significantly more stress reduction than did physicians (P = .01). Most nurses and physicians had used the translator during the survey period. Overall, 91% of nurses and 72% of physicians found that the translator met their needs at the bedside some, most, or all of the time. All nurses thought that they most likely would use the translator in the future.• Conclusions The translator was useful for most critical care nurses and physicians surveyed. Healthcare providers, especially nurses, experienced decreased stress levels when they used the translator.
Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema Due to Traumatic Brain Injury: Evidence of Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Bahloul Mabrouk , Chaari Anis N. , Kallel Hatem , Khabir Abdelmajid , Ayadi Adnène , Charfeddine Hanène , Hergafi Leila , Chaari Adel D. , Chelly Hedi E. , Hamida Chokri Ben , Rekik Noureddine , Bouaziz Mounir 
Published: April 2020

• Background Acute neurogenic pulmonary edema, a common and underdiagnosed clinical entity, can occur after virtually any form of injury of the central nervous system and is a potential early contributor to pulmonary dysfunction in patients with head injuries.
• Objective To explore myocardial function in patients with evident neurogenic pulmonary edema after traumatic head injury.
• Methods During a 1-year period in a university hospital in Sfax, Tunisia, information was collected prospectively on patients admitted to the 22-bed intensive care unit because of isolated traumatic head injury who had neurogenic pulmonary edema. Data included demographic information, vital signs, neurological status, physiological status, and laboratory findings. All of the patients had computed tomography and plain radiography of the neck and determination of cardiac function.
• Results All 7 patients in the sample had cardiac dysfunction. Evidence of myocardial damage was confirmed by echocardiography in 3 patients, pulmonary artery catheterization in 3 patients, and/or postmortem myocardial biopsy in 4 patients. Echocardiography studies, repeated 7 days after the initial study in one patient and 90 days afterward in another, showed complete improvement in wall motion, with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.65.
• Conclusion All patients who had neurogenic pulmonary edema due to traumatic head injury had myocardial dysfunction. The mechanisms of the dysfunction were multiple. The great improvement in wall motion seen in 2 patients indicated the presence of a stunned myocardium. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of this cardiac dysfunction.
Synthesis and Characterization of Physical Properties of MgO Thin Films by Various Concentrations
Authors: Chaouch Nadjat , Benramache Said , Lakel Said 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this work, magnesium oxide was elaborated on a glass substrate at 450°C by a pneumatic spray technique. The structural, optical, and electrical properties were studied at different MgO concentrations (.05, .10, .15, and .2 mol L−1). Poly-crystalline MgO films with a cubic structure with a strong (002) preferred orientation were observed at all sprayed films, with a maximum crystallite size of 21.4 nm attained by the sprayed film at .2 mol L−1. Good transmission was found in the deposited MgO thin films with lowest molarity. The transmission of MgO thin films decreases rapidly as the wavelength increases in the range of 300–400 nm and then increases slowly at higher wavelengths. The bandgap of MgO thin films decreases as the molarity increases, and the band gap values range between 4.8 and 4.3 eV. The Urbach energy values range between 375 and 519 meV. The electrical resistance of our films is on the order of 2 × 107Ω. The prepared MgO thin films were suitable for electronic packaging; they are capable to provide very stable and high secondary electron emission combined with low bandgap energy and low electrical resistance.
Are dissolved organic carbon concentrations in riparian groundwater linked to hydrological pathways in the boreal forest?
Authors: Ploum Stefan W. , Laudon Hjalmar , Peralta-Tapia Andrés , Kuglerová Lenka 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The riparian zone (RZ), or near-stream area, plays a fundamental role in the
biogeochemistry of headwaters. Here, wet, carbon-rich soils can change
groundwater chemistry before it enters the stream. In the boreal forest, the RZ plays an especially important role in the export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to streams. However, the RZ is not uniform, and spatial variability of riparian groundwater hydrology and chemistry can be large. Terrestrial topographic depressions create hydrological pathways towards focal points in the RZ, which we refer to as “discrete riparian inflow points” (DRIPs). Combining the chemical function of the RZ and the convergence of hydrological pathways, we hypothesize that DRIPs play a disproportionally large role in conveying DOC to small streams. Earlier work has demonstrated that runoff from DRIPs can make up the majority of riparian flow contributions to streams, but it is currently unknown how their groundwater chemistry differs from the rest of the RZ. Therefore, we ask the following question: are DOC concentrations in
riparian groundwater linked to hydrological pathways in the boreal forest? To answer this question, we sampled riparian groundwater during six campaigns across three boreal headwater streams in Sweden. The groundwater wells were distributed into 10 DRIP and non-DRIP pairs (60 wells), following transects from the upland (20 m lateral distance from the stream bank) to the near-stream area (<5 m lateral distance from the stream bank). The variability in DOC, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) was analyzed using linear mixed-effects models (LMMs). We explained the variability using three factors: distance from the stream, seasonality, and DRIP/non-DRIP. Our
results showed that DRIPs provided DOC-rich water (34 mg L−1) with relatively low EC (36 µS cm−1). The “non-DRIP” riparian water had 40 % lower DOC concentrations (20 mg L−1) and a 45 % higher EC (52 µS cm−1) on average. Moreover, groundwater chemistry from DRIPs was spatially and temporally relatively homogeneous. In contrast, non-DRIP water transformed distinctly in the last 25 m towards the stream, and the chemical variability was also larger between seasons. We concluded that hydrological pathways and spatial variability in riparian groundwater DOC concentrations are linked, and that DRIPs can be seen as important control points in the boreal landscape. Characterizing DRIPs in headwater catchments can be useful for upscaling carbon inputs in boreal stream ecosystems and for delineating hydrologically adapted buffers for forest management practices.
Alkaline hydrolysis of P(VAc‐co‐MMA) particles for vascular embolization procedures
Authors: Azevedo Gustavo Dias , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPoly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)‐based particles are used in medical and biomedical applications, including vascular embolization (VE) procedures. However, to render the technique safer and reproducible, the hydrolysis of the microbeads must be performed in some applications in order to control the hydrophilicity of the material. For this reason, in the present work the alkaline hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate‐co‐methyl methacrylate)—P(VAc‐co‐MMA)—microbeads is investigated. The hydrolytic conversions of PVAc and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMMA) chains were evaluated in terms of the concentrations of methanol and acetate ions present in the reaction media, since these chemicals are by‐products of alkaline hydrolyses of the ester groups of the polymers. It was observed that all investigated variables (temperature, time, and alkaline concentration) exert important effects on the final extents of hydrolysis, although the occurrence of nonlinear synergetic effects imposes the use of multivariable statistical analyses for proper characterization of variable effects. Besides, given the heterogeneous nature of the reaction system and the higher resistance to hydrolysis offered by PMMA segments, the overall hydrolytic conversions of the microbeads were low, as required in VE procedures. Finally, hydrolyses of P(VAc‐co‐MMA) chains can also lead to cleavage of polymer chains, as confirmed by reduction of average molar masses of the analyzed materials.
Improved method for the total synthesis of thiofentanyl
Authors: Taghizadeh M. J. , Hosseini S. J. , Moosavi S. M. , Parsa H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThiofentanyl is a potent analgesic and anesthetic drug that belongs to the microreceptor agonist group and is mainly used in animal's anesthesia. We present an optimized synthesis route for synthesis of thiofentanyl using nanocatalysts such as MCM‐41‐SO3H and SBA‐15‐Ph‐PrSO3H as green, heterogeneous and recyclable catalysts according to the strategy. The intermediate 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl) ethyl methanesulfonate (1) easily obtained after conversion of the alcohol functional group into the mesylate leaving group using methanesulfonyl chloride (97% yield). The alkylation of commercially available 4‐piperidone monohydrate hydrochloride with 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl) ethyl methanesulfonate in the presence of phase transfer catalyst was then carried out giving N‐[2‐(2‐thienyl) ethyl]‐4‐piperidone (2) with 90% yield. N‐[2‐(2‐thienyl)ethyl]‐4‐piperidone was then reacted with aniline in the presence of MCM‐41‐SO3H catalyst giving the imine derivative which reduced with sodium triacetoxyborohydride to N‐phenyl‐1‐(2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethyl) piperidine‐4‐amine (ANTP) (4) with 80% yield. ANTP was finally acylated using propionyl chloride to achieve thiofentanyl (5) with 90% yield. High yields, mild reaction conditions, decreased reaction times, and convenient workup were the advantages of this method compared to the previous work.
A facile one‐step synthesis of chromeno[4,3‐b]pyridine derivatives promoted by niobium pentachloride
Authors: Oshiro Paula B. , Bregadiolli Bruna A. , da Silva‐Filho Luiz C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChromenes are part of an important class of heterocyclic compounds, natural or synthetic, and have many biological and chemical applications. Among them, chromenopyridines has arisen as a promising material for pharmacological applications. In this work is described a simple and cost‐effective method to synthesize chromeno[4,3‐b]pyridine derivatives from multicomponent reaction between 4‐aminocoumarin, benzaldehyde derivatives, and ethyl benzoylacetates catalyzed by niobium pentachloride. The new method provides good yields with reasonable reaction times, under mild reaction conditions.
Prospective Study on Energy Expenditure in Patients With Severe Burns
Authors: Guo Fengmei , Zhou Hua , Wu Jian , Huang Yingzi , Lv Guozhong , Wu Yunfu , Qiu Haibo , Xu Yuan , Yang Yi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundNutrition therapy is recognized as one of the most significant treatment aspects for burn patients. However, data were limited regarding the actual nutrition practices in patients with severe burn injury. This study aims to explore the measured energy expenditure (MEE) changes in severe burn patients and to evaluate the precision of commonly used predictive formulas for estimating predictive energy expenditure (PEE) in burn patients.MethodsA prospective multicenter trial was conducted in the intensive care units in the hospitals enrolling the severely burned patients. Data on MEE and PEE were collected and analyzed.ResultsForty‐three patients were enrolled from 3 hospitals. All the patients had severe burns. MEE was measured by metabolic cart, and the MEE on the seventh day after severe burns was as high as 65 kcal/kg, which was 267% of the basal metabolic rate. The presence of hypermetabolism was sustained throughout the 21‐day afterburn and decreased gradually to 34 kcal/kg thereafter until 4 weeks after injury. Wound percentage after skin‐grafting therapy, time course of burn injury, the existence of severe sepsis, and blood infection were significantly associated with higher MEE. Compared with PEE and MEE, Toronto formula could estimate patients’ energy requirements with more accuracy; Curreri and Pennisi formula both significantly overestimated the patient's energy expenditure, whereas underestimation occurred with the Harris‐Benedict formula.ConclusionsSevere burn patients were hypermetabolic at the early stage and sustained this status over a long time. The Toronto formula was the unbiased method to predict energy expenditure.
The Art of Asking Questions: Unlocking the Power of a Coach’s Language
Authors: Hudson Alida K. , Pletcher Bethanie C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe authors aim to build awareness of questioning strategies and techniques in specialized literacy professionals (SLPs), specifically those in a literacy coach role. Whereas questioning is a technique that may promote reflective thinking in teachers, the authors note, providing examples and solving problems for teachers may come more naturally to SLPs than the use of questioning to probe reflection. Further, SLPs often express the desire to find and use the language of coaching conversations so they can promote deep reflection and critical analysis in teachers through one‐on‐one coaching conversations. To help SLPs build their coaching discourse, the authors share various types of questions and prompts that align with each category. Implications for SLPs, school districts, and university programs responsible for preparing SLPs are also addressed.
GPU Supported Simulation of Transition-Edge Sensor Arrays
Authors: Lorenz M. , Kirsch C. , Merino-Alonso P. E. , Peille P. , Dauser T. , Cucchetti E. , Smith S. J. , Wilms J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present numerical simulations of full transition-edge sensor (TES) arrays utilizing graphical processing units (GPUs). With the support of GPUs, it is possible to perform simulations of large pixel arrays to assist detector development. Comparisons with TES small-signal and noise theory confirm the representativity of the simulated data. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of this approach, we present its implementation in , a simulator for the X-ray Integral Field Unit, a cryogenic X-ray spectrometer on board the future Athena X-ray observatory.
Thirty Years of Science, Technology, and Academia in Disaster Risk Reduction and Emerging Responsibilities
Authors: Shaw Rajib 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe 1990 initiation of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction marked its 30th year in 2019. The three decades since then have seen significant developments in science and technology and their incorporation into the decision making in the field of disaster risk reduction. The disasters that have occurred during that time have enhanced the importance of the field, and new research and innovations have evolved. This article summarizes this evolution through the review of specific milestones. While the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 provides opportunities for synergies with the sustainable development agenda, the science and technology communities have also changed their roles from advisory to co-designing and co-delivering solutions. Higher education plays an important role in developing new generations of professionals, and the role of thematic incubation in higher education institutions is highlighted along with the development of the professional society in disaster risk reduction. The evolution from Society 4.0 (information age) to Society 5.0 will see an enhanced role of the technology-driven approach in disaster risk reduction, while traditional knowledge and indigenous technologies still remain valid for society. Scientists and science communities need to be more sensitive to changing the “last mile” concept to “first mile” thinking with respect to the users’ needs and perspectives.
Turkey’s EEC membership as a canvas of struggle for identity: The NSP versus the JP
Authors: Can Serra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article uncovers the relationship between the intra-paradigm power struggle of two rival political parties in 1970s Turkey and their identity formations. Given the economy-laden context of Turkish–European relations in the 1970s, the (re)production of Europe as an identificatory reference between the National Salvation Party (NSP) and the Justice Party (JP) is of special interest. This investigation will help shed light on how the power relations—that both actors were situated in—can be mirrored through their struggle for identity. Moreover, will it contribute to highlighting the functionality of foreign policy in the production of identity. In analytical terms, this study borrows case-restricted concepts from the post-structuralist theory of international relations, and gathers its case data from the 1970s National Assembly records.
Direct Observation of Winter Meltwater Drainage From the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Pitcher Lincoln H. , Smith Laurence C. , Gleason Colin J. , Miège Clément , Ryan Jonathan C. , Hagedorn Birgit , van As Dirk , Chu Winnie , Forster Richard R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMeltwater runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) significantly contributes to sea level rise and is the dominant driver of enhanced mass loss. While most melt occurs during summer, little is known about its seasonal and/or interannual retention within the GrIS. Here, we document evidence of runoff during winter, ~4 months after summer melt. Ground‐penetrating radar and borehole surveys in the proglacial Isortoq River reveal slowly flowing water beneath >0.5 m of river ice. Geochemical analysis of this water indicates previous contact with the ice sheet bed. Comparable surveys in proglacial rivers draining four neighboring catchments found no winter drainage, despite a brief surface melt event ~10 days prior. We attribute the observed runoff to residual meltwater storage and release enabled by a >600 m deep trough beneath Isunguata Sermia, but not neighboring glaciers. We conclude that the GrIS bed can stay wet and drain small amounts of meltwater year‐round.
A call for refining the role of humic-like substances in the oceanic iron cycle
Authors: Whitby Hannah , Planquette Hélène , Cassar Nicolas , Bucciarelli Eva , Osburn Christopher L. , Janssen David J. , Cullen Jay T. , González Aridane G. , Völker Christoph , Sarthou Géraldine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrimary production by phytoplankton represents a major pathway whereby atmospheric CO2 is sequestered in the ocean, but this requires iron, which is in scarce supply. As over 99% of iron is complexed to organic ligands, which increase iron solubility and microbial availability, understanding the processes governing ligand dynamics is of fundamental importance. Ligands within humic-like substances have long been considered important for iron complexation, but their role has never been explained in an oceanographically consistent manner. Here we show iron co-varying with electroactive humic substances at multiple open ocean sites, with the ratio of iron to humics increasing with depth. Our results agree with humic ligands composing a large fraction of the iron-binding ligand pool throughout the water column. We demonstrate how maximum dissolved iron concentrations could be limited by the concentration and binding capacity of humic ligands, and provide a summary of the key processes that could influence these parameters. If this relationship is globally representative, humics could impose a concentration threshold that buffers the deep ocean iron inventory. This study highlights the dearth of humic data, and the immediate need to measure electroactive humics, dissolved iron and iron-binding ligands simultaneously from surface to depth, across different ocean basins.
Difference in spectral power density of sleep EEG between patients with simple snoring and those with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Kang Jae Myeong , Kim Seon Tae , Mariani Sara , Cho Seo-Eun , Winkelman John W. , Park Kee Hyung , Kang Seung-Gul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPatients with simple snoring (SS) often complain of poor sleep quality despite a normal apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI). We aimed to identify the difference in power spectral density of electroencephalography (EEG) between patients with SS and those with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We compared the absolute power spectral density values of standard EEG frequency bands between the SS (n = 42) and OSA (n = 129) groups during the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep period, after controlling for age and sex. We also analysed partial correlation between AHI and the absolute values of the EEG frequency bands. The absolute power spectral density values in the beta and delta bands were higher in the OSA group than in the SS group. AHI also positively correlated with beta power in the OSA group as well as in the combined group (OSA + SS). In conclusion, higher delta and beta power during NREM sleep were found in the OSA group than in the SS group, and beta power was correlated with AHI. These findings are microstructural characteristics of sleep-related breathing disorders.
Schützen Östrogene Frauen vor der Fettleber?
Authors: Kahl Sabine , Hohlfeld Thomas 
Published: April 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie nichtalkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) ist die häufigste chronische Lebererkrankung in Europa und den USA, eine der zukünftig führenden Ursachen für Lebertransplantationen und eng assoziiert mit erhöhter kardiovaskulärer und leberbezogener Mortalität. Insbesondere Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes haben ein hohes Risiko für die Entwicklung und Progression der NAFLD. Männer sind häufiger von einer NAFLD betroffen als Frauen. Geschlecht und Sexualhormonspiegel sind entscheidende Faktoren, welche zur biologischen Varianz von Erkrankungen beitragen und Östrogene spielen im Zusammenhang mit der Pathogenese und Progression der NAFLD eine entscheidende Rolle. Möglicherweise könnten bzw. sollten die zukünftigen Therapien der NAFLD geschlechtsspezifische Aspekte beinhalten auf dem Weg hin zur Präzisionsmedizin. Die Evidenz aus klinischen Studien ist allerdings nicht ausreichend – auch deshalb, weil geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in (prä)klinischen Studien bislang oft nur unzureichend erfasst wurden.