bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDENTICAL WORD MEANING “INTERPRETATION AND TRANSLATION” IN THE CONTEXT OF CORPUS-BASED SENTENCES
Authors: Sya Mega Febriani , Lustyantie Ninuk , Anwar Miftahulkhairah 
Published: December 2020

For students whose first language is not a native English speaker, at first glance they will interpret the words "translation" and "interpretation" with the same meaning. Both are indeed similar and both function to transfer one language to another. This study aims to identify the frequency of occurrence of the words "translation" and "interpretation" in several situations in different speech contexts. The method used in this study is the corpus method, to see a large set of authentic data which provides clearer information about the frequency of occurrence of the words "translation" and "interpretation" in several actual contexts of different speech acts. The data collection procedure on the corpus and its analysis uses the facilities provided by the corpus page, namely "chart". The results show that the comparison of the frequency of occurrence of the words "translation" and "interpretation" in the context of different speech shows a significant difference, the word interpretation has a higher occurrence rate of 4282 times than translation, which appeared 1405 times. The meaning of this finding is that the word interpretation is more widely used in the context of formal academic sentences because interpretation does not only have a meaning for itself but can also function as a continuation of meaning from the translation.
Study of Biochemical parameters and Body Mass Index along with its associated risk factors among Health Science students- A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shreevastva Naveen Kumar , Makaju Hari Sharan , Dhungana Arun , Pandeya Arun 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Body mass indexis a valuable tool used to identify disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either undernutrition or overnutrition. Neither underweight nor overweight and obesity is a desirable health status and may cause negative health outcomes.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine body mass index among medical,dental and nursing students and to assess the factors associated with it.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in health science students of Kathmandu Medical College Public Limited, Kathmandu, NepalfromMay 2017 to July 2018. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated in 644 students including both male and female of Medical, Dental and Nursing students. Blood samples were collected from the students having BMI > 24.9Kg/m2for the estimation of triglyceride, cholesterol and glucose which were compared with the same parameters of students whose BMI was normal (≤24.9 Kg/m2).
Results: A Total of 644 study population was taken, the majority ranges between 17-20 years. The occurrence of overweight was higher in the male (10.1%) of medical and in the female (8.4%) of dental students. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the study group was found to be 8.7% and 2.8% respectively.Serum triglyceride, cholesteroland glucose concentrations in the subject with BMI > 24.9Kg/m2were significantly higher than that in subject with BMI ≤24.9 Kg/m2.
Conclusion: Obesity and overweight are prevalent among the students. As a result, the biochemical parameters such as triglycerides, glucose and cholesterol show significantly higher values.
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge and Practices on Menstrual Hygiene among Adolescent Schoolgirls in Government Schools of Lalitpur
Authors: Maharjan Susan , Maharjan Manju , Shrestha Niran , Singh Sarita , Shrestha Rajani 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Adolescent girls often have lack of knowledge and practices regarding reproductive health including menstruation.
Objectives: To evaluate effectiveness of structured teaching program (STP) to increase level of knowledge and practices on menstrual hygiene among adolescent school girls.
Methodology: Pre-experimental one group pre-posttest study design was applied in four government schools using power analysis for sample size calculation. Data were re- checked for its consistency and analyzed. Descriptive statistical methods were used for describing sample characteristic and inferential statistics was used to evaluate effectiveness of STP. Chi-squared test was used to examine association between selected demographic variables and pretest knowledge level of adolescent girls on menstrual hygiene.
Result: The mean age of participants was 13.79 ±1.3 years (range from 11-18 years). Distribution of pre-test knowledge among respondents regarding menstrual hygiene showed, 49.21% moderate and 50.79% adequate knowledge respectively. In the case of post-test, all of them demonstrated adequate knowledge and none of them showed inadequate knowledge. Pre-test practices among respondents regarding menstrual hygiene recorded as 3.75% inadequate, 61.25% moderate and 35.0% adequate practices. The pre-test mean score for the level of knowledge was 13.36±1.64, whereas the post-test mean score was 15.8±0.73. Practice related pre-test mean score was 10.66±1.81 in comparison to, post-test mean score 13.34±0.75. There was no significant association found between knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescents with socio-demographic variables at p<0.05 level.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the Structured Teaching Program is an effective strategy to improve knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene for adolescent girls.
Profile of Patients with Brain Abscess
Authors: Khatiwada Roshan , Bista Prakash , Jha Rajiv , Khadka Nilam Kumar , Shrestha Rajendra , Khambu Bikesh 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Despite of the advent of modern neurosurgical techniques and antibiotics, brain abscess possesses a major neurosurgical challenge in treatment. In this study we present the profile , clinical features , radiological features , treatment received and their outcome of cases of brain abscess that we managed in our center.

Methods: Total 30 patients diagnosed with brain abscess who underwent treatment in last four months were included in this study. A descriptive observational data of brain abscess and the outcome variables in the form of Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at discharge , hospital stay, and mortality were studied. The ultimate outcome was measured in Glasgow Outcome Score.

Results: Total number of cases was 30, outwith male dominance 19 (63.3%) . Age ranged from 2 months to 60 years. Twenty-five patients were of acute pyogenic abscess while and rest were tubercular abscess. Common clinical features were headache (70%), fever (30%), vomiting (23%), seizure (23%) and focal neurological deficits (16.7%). Overall mean hospital stay was 31 days. The common aetogenic factors included chronic suppurative otitis media (16.7%), tuberculosis (16.7%), post-traumatic (10%), congenital heart disease (10%) and rest (46%) were of unknown source. lobe Temporal lobe and cerebellar were most common site involved (20%) each followed by frontal (16.7%). Surgery was done in 25 (83.3%) cases out of which 12 underwent burr hole and aspiration and 12 patients underwent craniotomy and excision and one patient underwent burr hole and followed by craniotomy. Five patients were managed conservatively. Complete resolution of abscess with complete recovery of preoperative neurological-deficit was seen n 28 (93.3%) cases.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis and timely intervention improves the outcome of brain abscess. Most of the cases required surgical intervention and drainage of pus and had good postoperative outcome.
Hypertension and Associated Demographic Factors among Chepang Adults in Nepal
Authors: Dhungel Kshitiz Upadhyay , K.C. Agya 
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Hypertension is one of the leading health problems globally. In developing countries like Nepal, the prevalence of hypertension is increasing yearly. This study aims to find the prevalence of hypertension and associated demographic factors among Chepang people, an indigenous ethnic group also known as one of the isolated tribal groups of Nepal.
Material and Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study performed in total of 324 respondent living in chepang community of Majbang-09 of Kalika Municipality. Semi structured questionnaire including socio-demographic, anthropometric measurement, 24 hour diet recall, and food frequency to explore dietary diversity information. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS 20. Chi-Square test was used to measure the association between variables and was considered significant at p <0.05.
Results: According to the study the 35.5% of the respondent were hypertensive and 50.3% of were pre-hypertensive. More than half of the respondent (58.3%) had normal BMI followed by (26.9%) of the respondent were overweight, (9.0%) of the respondent were under nutrition and (5.9%) of the respondent were obese. Among the respondent who had hypertension (60.7%) were above 60 years and the lowest (21.3%) were below 40 years.
Conclusion: The socio demographic variables like age, sex, educational status, annual income and marital status were found to be significantly associated with hypertension.
Prevalence of Anemia among Women: A Hospital- Based Study in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Sinha Amar Kumar , Manandhar Naresh 
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Prevalence of anemia is a common health problem among the women particularly in developing countries. The purpose of our study is to determine the prevalence of anemia among women in eastern Nepal. The study is planned to find out the prevalence of anemia among the women in eastern Nepal.
Material and Methods: Retrospective study was conducted among the women in between group of age 20->70 years during Dec 2015 to Aug.2016. Anemia was classified as per the WHO guideline i.e. Mild, moderate and severe.
Results: Out of 877 women included in the study, 512 (58.4%) women were diagnosed anemic. The highest prevalence of anemia 61.5% & 60.6% were found at the age group of 50-59 and 20-29 yrs respectively among the anemic patients. Mean and SD (Std. deviation) of hemoglobin and age was 10.21 ± 1.45 gm/dl and 35.59 ± 14.14 yrs of the anemic populations respectively.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the anemia still constitutes a health problem among women with the present prevalence 74.2% in Dalit caste in eastern Nepal. Further research is recommended to identify the specific risk factors of anemia in women.
Janusz Mariański: Nowa religijność i duchowość — mit czy rzeczywistość? [New Religiosity and Spirituality — a Myth or Reality?]. Warszawa 2019, 265 pp.
Authors: Štefaňak Ondrej 
Published: December 2020

Janusz Mariański: Nowa religijność i duchowość — mit czy rzeczywistość?[New Religiosity and Spirituality — a Myth or Reality?]. Warszawa 2019, 265 pp. - the review.
Granice nowego dramatu serbskiego — płynne i stale wytyczane na nowo. Perspektywa lokalna i recepcja w Polsce
Authors: Abrasowicz Gabriela 
Published: December 2020

Since the turn of the millennium, Serbian drama has been increasingly valued and recognized in the post-Yugoslav region and in Europe. In recent years, the process of globalization has become progressively stronger, with an improved infrastructure for promotion that has made possible the crossing of material and symbolic boundaries. This in turn has led to transformations in artistic expression, as well as increasing opportunities for mobility, co-productions, and translations. The status of the drama has been somewhat problematic because of its situation between literature and theatre. Its heterogeneous nature has required the development of an appropriate method of presentation. The performative/stage reading has emerged as a compelling answer.
Przekład — kontekst — polityka. Próba lektury Rozważań o Polsce Draga Jančara
Authors: Kopczyk Michał 
Published: December 2020

This article discusses Drago Jančar’s 1997 essay, Adam Michnik ali premišljevanje o Poljski (Adam Michnik; Or, Reflections on Poland). The essay was translated into Polish first by Joanna Pomorska (2001) and then, about two decades later, by Nikodem Szczygłowski. The aim of the article is to interpret Jančar’s essay in light of ongoing changes to the political situation in Europe and to evaluate to what extent the political context influences the interpretation of the work in question.
Alexandria, Kom el-Dikka. Fieldwork in the 2019 season
Authors: Majcherek Grzegorz 
Published: December 2020

The report offers an account of archaeological and conservation work carried out at the site. Excavations in the central part of the site (Sector F) were continued for the fourth season in a row. Exploration of remains of early Roman houses led to the discovery of a well preserved multicolored triclinium mosaic floor with a floral and geometric design. A large assemblage of fragments of polychrome marble floor tiles, recorded in the house collapse, showed the scale of importation of decorative stone material from various regions of the Mediterranean. Overlying the early Roman strata was direct evidence of intensive construction work carried out in the vicinity in the form of large-scale kilnworks, supplying lime most probably for the building of the late Roman bath and cistern. Included in the presentation is a brief review of the limited conservation work that was conducted in the complex of late antique auditoria.
Application of Focused Ion Beam System as A Defect Localization and Root Cause Analysis Tool
Authors: Ooi C.C. , Siek K.H. , Sim K.S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Focused ion beam system has been widely used as a critical failure analysis tool as microprocessor technology advances at a ramping speed. It has become an essential step in failure analysis to reveal physical defects post electrical fault isolation. In this highly competitive and challenging environment prevalent today, failure analysis throughput time is of utmost important. Therefore quick, efficient and reliable physical failure analysis technique is needed to avoid potential issues from becoming bigger. This paper will discuss the applications of FIB as a defect localization and root cause determination tool through the passive charge contrast technique and pattern FIB analysis.
Super-Conducting Quantum Interference Device Technique: 3-D Localization of a Short within a Flip Chip Assembly
Authors: Wills Kendall Scott , Diaz de Leon Omar , Ramanujachar Kartik , Todd Charles P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the current generations of devices the die and its package are closely integrated to achieve desired performance and form factor. As a result, localization of continuity failures to either the die or the package is a challenging step in failure analysis of such devices. Time Domain Reflectometry [1] (TDR) is used to localize continuity failures. However the accuracy of measurement with TDR is inadequate for effective localization of the failsite. Additionally, this technique does not provide direct 3-Dimenstional information about the location of the defect. Super-conducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) Microscope is useful in localizing shorts in packages [2]. SQUID microscope can localize defects to within 5um in the X and Y directions and 35um in the Z direction. This accuracy is valuable in precise localization of the failsite within the die, package or the interfacial region in flipchip assemblies.
Application of Acoustic Fourier Domain Imaging for the Evaluation of Advanced Micro Electronic Packages
Authors: Semmens Janet E. , Kessler Lawrence W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Acoustic Micro Imaging (AMI) has been used for years to evaluate microelectronic packages for the presence of internal defects. The drive in micro electronic packaging is to reduce the size of the components as much as possible to keep pace with the shrinking size of the end products. This leads to smaller/thinner packages with internal features and possibly defects that are approaching the resolution limits for conventional AMI. Recently AMI has been combined with Fourier transforms of the acoustic signal to produce frequency domain images. Previously features that were at or below the accepted resolution limits for a given frequency were not detected in the time domain images, however these features are revealed in the frequency domain images.
Materials Analysis and Process Monitoring in MegaFabs
Authors: Tracy Bryan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The essential role of the material analysis laboratory in modern IC production is confirmed by the scale of the investment made in such facilities. The laboratories are part of the initial design of the fab and are well staffed and superbly well equipped. There are many factors which drive this investment, but perhaps the most compelling is the realization that the materials analysis lab is required to support early fab start-up, support production needs, and to pursue process development. During this talk, examples of each of these functions will be presented. The metrology of IC production is highly varied, and the implementation of this metrology varies widely company-to-company and even within any given company. The balance of in-fab vs out-offab measurements is of considerable importance and will be discussed in detail during this talk. Pertinent examples of contamination analysis and defect review will be presented. Looking ahead to 100 and 70nm nodes, the imaging requirements are daunting and will require scanning electron microscopes with astoundingly high resolution. Remembering that the physical gate length in a modern microprocessor is approximately one half the technology node size, it is clear that imaging 35nm transistors at 500KX will be required. Examples of state-of-the-art SEM, TEM and STEM will be presented as a "look-ahead" into the imaging requirements of the sub 100nm technology generations. The introduction of exotic materials such as high and low K oxides and ultra-thin barriers present special challenges and will spur a lively debate as to which measurements are needed, which measurements can/should be taken in the fab, and, of course, the turnaround time and cost? The rush to early process transfer and early production has given rise to the concept of "concurrent process development and transfer", where the new process flow is transferred to the megafab, almost in its infancy. In this case, the role of the materials analysis lab is expanded to directly aid "next generation" process development. As can be seen from the discussion above, the importance and linkage between Materials Analysis and IC process control has never been greater.
Microcalorimeter Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy in Routine Semiconductor Failure Analysis
Authors: Simmnacher B. , Weiland R. , Langer E. , Bühler M. , Höhne J. , Hollerith C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Microcalorimeter based energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) combines in a revolutionary way resolution of wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) with the ease of use of conventional EDS. The necessary operating temperatures (~100mK) for the superconducting sensor are supplied by a mechanical, maintenance free and fully automated cooling system, allowing the integration of the system not only in a traditional F/A environment, but also as an inline (cleanroom) installation. Typical examples of material analysis in everyday F/A work show that the detector exhibits an energy resolution of about 10 eV. With this performance, the solution of well known overlap problems existing for element combinations commonly used in semiconductor technology (peak separation of Ti/N, Ta/Si, W/Si) is possible. Structures of small volume can be investigated successfully, since the tool is optimized for work in the low energy range. The case of a failing TiN-layer showed that μcalorimeter EDS allows also thin film analysis: oxide layers with a thickness difference of a few nm can be distinguished; subsequent depth-profiling with Auger electron spectroscopy confirmed the results.
Applications of EELS to Semiconductor Devices Failure Analysis by Using a 300 keV TEM
Authors: Bow Jong-Shing , Chang Wen-Tung , Tsou Yun-Ming , Chou Hsing-Shuang , Chiou Christ 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A 300 keV TEM equipped with an EELS and energy selected imaging (ESI) system has proven to be a necessary and powerful analytical tool for R&D and failure analysis support. The advantages and the efficacy of this advanced elemental mapping technique can be optimized when the TEM is operated correctly. Variants of ESI, elemental mapping, jump-ratio mapping, and pre-edge imaging have been adapted to explore root causes of different type of failures in semiconductor manufacturing.
Laser Milling Methods for Package Failure Analysis
Authors: Dias Rajen , Skoglund Lars , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Current methods used for package level destructive physical analysis (DPA) such as chemical and mechanical decapsulation methods, reactive ion etching (RIE) and diamond saw x-section methods could potentially result in artifacts such as die cracking, delamination or corrosion when used on complex packaging technologies such as multiple thin die stacked packages with combination of flip chip and wire bond interconnections. Many of the shortcoming of these ubiquitous DPA tools are being addressed by a laser milling approach to DPA. The system described in this paper consists of a ultraviolet (UV) laser used for local micromachining or milling to access package internal features and a near infrared(IR) laser used for precise soldering of fine wires to enable testing and fault isolation. Applications of the laser milling tool described in the paper are 1) Delayering of multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) substrates to expose internal metal traces so that they can be tested to fault isolate the failure without loosing electrical functionality of the product. 2) Silicon milling to expose flip chip interconnections. 3) Package cross sectioning and 4) Plastic package decapsulation.
Laser-Voltage-Prober Measurements on Bipolar Devices
Authors: Stuffer Anton , Egger Peter , Pohl Helmut , Moffat Antje 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Modern package technologies like flip-chip, require measurements of transient signals from the chip backside [1], [2]. This is because frontside access is not possible while running a test pattern. This is an established method for CMOS devices and commercial equipment is available. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of a Laser- Voltage-Prober for transient signal measurements from the backside on bipolar-devices.