bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stratospheric ozone rich cold intrusion during El‐Niño over the Indian region: Implication during the Indian summer monsoon
Authors: Roy Chaitri , Fadnavis Suvarna , Sabin T. P 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOzone in the upper troposphere is a dominant radiative constituent. In this study, we investigate ozone variability due to stratospheric intrusions in the upper troposphere over India and associated radiative impacts during monsoon breaks co‐occurring with El Niño using the ECHAM5‐HAMMOZ, Global‐Chemistry‐climate model simulations, and ERA‐Interim reanalysis data. Our analysis shows that during El Niño, deep stratospheric intrusions occur at the North India‐Tibetan Plateau (NI‐TP) region and the eastern edge of the monsoon anticyclone. These intrusions lead to an enormous increase in ozone amounts (~100 ppb) in the upper troposphere over India. The intrusions frequently penetrate deep into the troposphere which enhances the surface ozone levels by ~10–20 ppb and augments radiative forcing by ~0.33 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere. The stratospheric intrusions are associated with the eastward‐moving wave train (composed of cyclonic and anticyclonic circulations) in the upper troposphere emanating from the anomalously warm east Pacific, traversing towards NI‐TP locale. This wave train transport extra‐tropical cold air mass, producing an anomalous cooling of ~1.6–2 K in the upper troposphere over NI‐TP. The upper tropospheric anomalous cooling seems to act as a dominating factor opposing the heating due to enhanced ozone. The wave train likewise intensifies Rossby wave breaking, facilitating stratospheric intrusions, enhancing the anomalous subsidence over the NI‐TP region. Our analysis shows that break days with El Niño substantiate with simultaneous occurrence of (a) RWB, (b) transport of cold air mass via WT‐1 and (c) subsidence by El Niño circulation. These factors lead to exacerbation of deficit rainfall.
Optimal timing and treatment strategy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Gamboa Adriana C. , Rupji Manali , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Lee Rachel M. , Turgeon Michael K. , Meyer Benjamin I. , Russell Maria C. , Cardona Kenneth , Kooby David A. , Maithel Shishir K. , Shah Mihir M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), no studies have established any association between earlier treatment initiation and long‐term outcomes. In addition, an optimal type of initial treatment for the localized disease remains ill‐defined.MethodsPatients in the National Cancer Database (2004‐2015) with clinical stage I (CS‐I) and II (CS‐II) PDAC who underwent curative‐intent resection were included. Optimal time from diagnosis‐to‐treatment including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemoradiation, or upfront surgery was assessed. An optimal type of treatment was evaluated. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS).ResultsAmong 29 167 patients, starting any treatment within 0 to 6 weeks was associated with improved median OS compared with 7 to 12 weeks (21.0 vs 20.1 months; P = .004). This persisted when accounting for sex, race, and Charlson‐Deyo score (hazard ratio [HR], 0.94; P = 0.02) and on subset analysis for CS‐I (23.5 vs 21.8 months; P = .04) and CS‐II (19.4 vs 18.3 months; P = .03). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved OS compared with neoadjuvant chemoradiation (25.6 vs 22.7 months; P < .0001) or US (25.6 vs 20.1 months; P < .0001) even when accounting for sex, race, and Charlson‐Deyo score (neoadjuvant chemoradiation: HR, 0.86; P < .001; US: HR, 0.79; P < .001). This improvement persisted in subset analysis with NC compared with neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CS‐I: 28.6 vs 25.0 months; CS‐II: 25.0 vs 22.9 months; both P < .0001) and to US (CS‐I: 28.6 vs 22.9 months; CS‐II: 24.7 vs 18.4 months; both P < .0001). On multivariable analysis for each CS‐I/CS‐II, NC remained associated with 20% improved survival compared with neoadjuvant chemoradiation or upfront surgery.ConclusionsFor PDAC, initiation of therapy within 6 weeks from diagnosis is associated with improved survival, with neoadjuvant chemotherapy associated with the best survival compared with neoadjuvant chemoradiation or upfront surgery.
Role of Doppler Ultrasound Combined With Clinical Features in the Diagnosis of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Dysfunction in the Era of Covered Stents
Authors: Brants Libby , Leiderman Maxim , Veitsman Ella , Ofer Amos , Beck‐Razi Nira 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesOur goal was to discuss the role of Doppler ultrasound (US), combined with clinical features, in the diagnosis of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) dysfunction in the era of covered stents. In light of the lack of research regarding the accuracy of Doppler US in TIPS dysfunction evaluations when using covered stents and a recent major meta‐analysis, which primarily reviewed studies with bare metal stents but few with covered stents, we aimed to provide our single‐center case study for further investigation.MethodsAll patients from 2010 to 2019 who underwent angiography for a covered stent preceded by a Doppler US examination in our institution were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsAll of the Doppler US and angiographic examination results showed complete agreement, and 11 of 12 were positive for TIPS dysfunction.ConclusionsCombining the presence of positive clinical signs for TIPS dysfunction with Doppler US may increase its accuracy. Considering our results, there may be a need to reinvestigate Doppler US as a noninvasive, inexpensive, and available tool for the diagnosis of TIPS dysfunction in the era of covered stents, despite recent publications depicting Doppler US as inadequate for evaluating a TIPS.
Abandoning distinctiveness: The influence of nostalgia on consumer choice
Authors: Fan Yafeng , Jiang Jing , Hu Zuohao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study proposes that when feeling nostalgic, consumers are more likely to choose the option that the majority of others prefer. Four studies consistently demonstrate that nostalgia can enhance consumers' social connectedness, which motivates them to maintain the feelings of connection to the group and thereby increases their preference for majority‐endorsed options in the subsequent product choices. Moreover, the strength of social ties between consumers and others moderates the mediation effect of social connectedness. In the weak social ties condition, social connectedness mediates the effect of nostalgia on preference for majority‐endorsed products. In the strong social ties condition, the mediation effect of social connectedness diminishes. These findings complement previous work on how nostalgia influences consumer behavior.
TOLUENIUM AND OTHER GASEOUS METHYLBENZENIUM IONS: COMPLEX INTERPLAY OF PROTONATED ARENES AND CYCLO‐OLEFINS
Authors: Kuck Dietmar 
Published: May 2020

The development of the current knowledge of the gas‐phase chemistry of protonated methylbenzenes, such as toluenium, xylenium and mesitylenium ions, their higher congeners as well as of their mostly cyclo‐olefinic isomers by mass spectrometric methodology is presented. Starting from the observation of the characteristic expulsion of dihydrogen from metastable C7H9+ ions, which is associated with the release of large amounts of kinetic energy, and the composite C‐ and H‐scrambling prior to the loss of methane, in particular, insights into the isomerization scenario of various isomeric C7H9+, C8H11+, and C9H13+ ions, based on a large variety of independent techniques, are discussed. Besides isotope labeling and metastable ion methodology, these include flowing afterglow mass spectrometry, gas‐phase titration and infrared spectroscopy of mass‐selected ions. The particularly complex energy hypersurface of isomerizing and fragmenting toluenium ions, which has been elaborated in various reports over the years, is presented in a combined way to assess the role of protonated cycloheptatriene, norbornadiene, and 6‐methylfulvene as well as a number of further C7H9+ isomers. The formation and nature of C7H9+ ions generated by fragmentation of various hydrocarbon precursors, such as monoterpenes and adamantane, is also addressed. The contribution of infrared multiphoton dissociation spectroscopy (IRMPD) and tagged‐ion infrared photodissociation (IRPD) of the gaseous C7H9+ ions as compared to the wealth of previous understanding of their chemistry is commented on as well. Finally, remarkable parallels of the gas‐phase chemistry of methylbenzenium ions and the role of such species within the cavities of acidic zeolite catalysts in the course of the industrially important methanol‐to‐hydrocarbon reaction are discussed. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev
Uniaxial and Biaxial Response of Anisotropic Polypropylene
Authors: Kershah Tarek , Anderson Patrick D. , van Breemen Lambèrt C. A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe response of uniaxial and biaxial anisotropic polypropylene is discussed. A 3D elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive model is developed to account for material anisotropy. The famous Hill’s anisotropic yield criterion is combined with the Eyring relation and implemented in a finite element framework to model the response of the polymer during uniaxial loading. An associated viscoplastic flow rule that describes the magnitude and the direction of the viscoplastic flow is incorporated in the model to simulate complex loading conditions. The model quantitatively captures the yield stresses for uniaxial deformation at a given anisotropic state and material orientation. In addition, the results of simulations demonstrate that the constitutive relations qualitatively describe the material deformation during biaxial loading for both isotropic and anisotropic cases.
Utilization of health information technology among cancer genetic counselors
Authors: Ritchie Jordon B. , Allen Caitlin G. , Morrison Heath , Nichols Michelle , Lauzon Steven D. , Schiffman Joshua D. , Hughes Halbert Chanita , Welch Brandon M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHealth information technology (IT) is becoming increasingly utilized by cancer genetic counselors (CGCs). We sought to understand the current engagement, satisfaction, and opportunities to adopt new health IT tools among CGCs.MethodsWe conducted a mixed‐mode survey among 128 board‐certified CGCs using both closed‐ and open‐ended questions. We then evaluated the utilization and satisfaction among 10 types of health IT tools, including the following: cancer screening tool, family health history (FHx) collection tools, electronic health records (EHRs), telegenetics software, pedigree drawing software, genetic risk assessment tools, gene test panel ordering tools, electronic patient education tools, patient communication tools, and family communication tools.ResultsSeven of 10 health IT tools were used by a minority of CGCs. The vast majority of respondents reported using EHRs (95.2%) and genetic risk assessment tools (88.6%). Genetic test panel ordering software had the highest satisfaction rate (very satisfied and satisfied) at 80.0%, followed by genetic risk assessment tools (77.1%). EHRs had the highest dissatisfaction rate among CGCs at 18.3%. Dissatisfaction with a health IT tool was associated with desire to change: EHRs (p < .001), cancer screening tools (p = .010), genetic risk assessment tools (p = .024), and family history collection tools (p = .026). We found that nearly half of CGCs were considering adopting or changing their FHx tool (49.2%), cancer screening tool (44.9%), and pedigree drawing tool (41.8%).ConclusionOverall, CGCs reported high levels of satisfaction among commonly used health IT tools. Tools that enable the collection of FHx, cancer screening tools, and pedigree drawing software represent the greatest opportunities for research and development.
Determination of the photon spectrum of a therapeutic linear accelerator near the maze entrance: Comparison of Monte Carlo modeling and measurements using scintillation detectors corrected for pulse pile‐up
Authors: Qutub Mohammad A. Z. , Hugtenburg Richard P. , Al‐Affan Ihsan A. M. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe determination of x‐ray spectra near the maze entrance of linear accelerator (LINAC) rooms is challenging due to the pulsed nature of the LINAC source. Mathematical methods to account for pulse pile‐up have been examined. These methods utilize the highly periodic pulsing structure of the LINAC, differing from the effects of high‐intensity radioactive sources.MethodsSodium iodide (NaI) and plastic scintillation detectors were used to determine the energy spectra at different points near the maze entrance of a medical LINAC. Monte Carlo calculations of the energy distribution of scattered photons were used to simulate the energy spectrum at the maze entrance. The proposed algorithm uses the Monte Carlo code, FLUKA, to calculate a response function for both detectors. To determine the effects of the pile‐up in the spectra, the Poisson distribution was used, employing the average number of photons per pulse (μ) interacting with the detector. The quantity, μ, was obtained from the ratio of the number of events detected to the number of pulses delivered.The energy spectra at various distances from the maze entrance were measured using NaI and plastic scintillation detectors. From these measurements, the values of µ were calculated, and the pile‐up probability was determined. The FLUKA Monte Carlo code was used to calculate the spectrum at the maze entrance and the response matrices of the NaI and plastic scintillation detectors. The algorithm based on the Poisson distribution was applied to calculate the spectrum.ResultsThe agreement between the calculated and measured spectra was within the first standard deviation of the variance expected in µ. This agreement confirms that photons at the maze entrance have energies between 30 and 240 keV for a maze with three turns, with an average energy of around 85 keV. After pile‐up correction, the range of the pulse height distribution with the plastic scintillation detector, which has a low atomic number, was decreased (0 to 140 keV). In contrast, the range of the pulse height distribution with the NaI scintillation detector was closer to the photon spectrum (0 to 240 keV).ConclusionsThe corrected spectrum demonstrates that using a FLUKA Monte Carlo code and an algorithm based on the Poisson distribution are effective methods in removing the distortion due to the pile‐up in LINAC spectra when measuring with NaI and plastic scintillation detectors. The agreement between the corrected and measured spectra indicates that Monte Carlo modeling can accurately determine the spectrum of a LINAC machine at the maze entrance.
An improved immersed moving boundary for hydrodynamic force calculation in lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Wang Moran 
Published: May 2020

SummaryParticles suspension is considerably prevalent in petroleum industry and chemical engineering. The efficient and accurate simulation of such a process is always a challenge for both the traditional computational fluid dynamics and lattice Boltzmann method. Immersed moving boundary (IMB) method is promising to resolve this issue by introducing a particle‐fluid interaction term in the standard lattice Boltzmann equation, which allows for the smooth hydrodynamic force calculation even for a large grid size relative to the solid particle. Although the IMB method was proved good for stationary particles, the deviation of hydrodynamic force on moving particles exists. In this work, we reveal the physical origin of this problem first and figure out that the internal fluid effect on the hydrodynamic force calculation is not counted in the previous IMB. An improved immersed moving boundary method is therefore proposed by considering the internal fluid correction, which is easy to implement with the little extra computation cost. A 2D single elliptical particle and a 3D sphere sedimentation in Newtonian fluid is simulated directly for the validation of the corrected model by excellent agreements with the standard data.
Breaking the vicious circle: Experiences of people in chronic pain on the pain rehabilitation journey
Authors: Skúladóttir Hafdís , Gunnarsdóttir Thora J. , Halldórsdóttir Sigríður , Sveinsdóttir Herdís , Holden Janean E. , Björnsdóttir Amalía 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo explore the lived experience of individuals' in chronic pain of participating in a pain rehabilitation programme in Iceland.DesignPhenomenological research.MethodThe Vancouver School of Doing Phenomenology. Eleven participants were interviewed.ResultsThe overarching theme was as follows: “the journey of breaking the vicious circle of chronic pain.” Before the programme, the participants felt they were in survival mode, trying to survive each day; they were stuck in a vicious circle of chronic pain, simultaneously trying to ease and conceal the pain. Reaching out for professional help was a turning point. While attending the programme, participants began deconstructing their old ways of dealing with chronic pain. After completing the programme, they were still reconstructing their daily lives. In conclusion, pain rehabilitation programmes can be the first step towards breaking the vicious circle of chronic pain.
A qualitative study—Patient experience of tactile massage after stroke
Authors: Seiger Cronfalk Berit , Åkesson Elisabet , Nygren Jill , Nyström Anita , Strandell Anna‐My , Ruas Jorge , von Euler Mia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe aim was to evaluate emotional experiences of gentle skin massage, combined with regular rehabilitation in patients shortly after being diagnosed with stroke.DesignA randomized study with two groups: standard individualized rehabilitation and tactile massage for 20 min three times per week (max nine times) or individual standardized rehabilitations.MethodsThis study applied a qualitative approach using semi‐structured questions to evaluate experiences of receiving tactile massage among patients with first‐time‐ever stroke. The interviews lasted between 6–25 min and analysed using manifest content analysis. Data was collected between 2015‐2017. This study applies to the COREQ checklist.ResultsEight patients >18 years of age participated. The participants experienced emotional worries especially during the night hours affecting their sleep negatively. Receiving tactile massage was reported to relax and to ease worries and anxiety momentarily, during the session and for a longer period. The results also show that physical touch generates feelings of closeness. The findings will be presented in two categories: Human touch and The future.
Mechanical properties of foam sandwich with chopped‐glass‐fiber/carbon nanotube reinforced hierarchical structure interlayer
Authors: Chen Qihui , Du Surui , Jiang Zhiyuan , Liu Yaqing , Du Ruikui , Zhao Guizhe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA chopped‐glass fiber/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) hierarchical reinforcing structure was used to toughen the core‐face interlayer of sandwich materials. Chopped‐fiber mats modified by MWCNTs‐COOH were inserted at the face‐core interface before resin infusion. Sandwich beams were prepared by vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding, containing a Polyvinylchloride (PVC) foam core covered with two glass fiber/epoxy composite face sheets. The mechanical properties were characterized using quasi‐static three‐point‐bending, Charpy impact, and asymmetric double cantilever beam. Improvement in mechanical properties and interlayer toughness was achieved in the sandwich structure with negligible weight increase and processing variations. The interfacial characteristics between chopped glass fibers, carbon nanotubes, and underlying energy absorption mechanisms were discussed and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.
Molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from pediatric patients in Shanghai, China
Authors: Wang Xing , Cong Zhilei , Huang Weichun , Li Cong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of bacterial infection among infants and young children with high morbidity and mortality. The serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae varies with geography, time, age, and disease.AimWe aimed to investigate the current status of molecular characteristics of S. pneumoniae strains isolated from pediatric patients in Shanghai, China.MethodsBetween 2016 and 2018, 73 clinical S. pneumoniae isolates were characterized by capsular serotype, multilocus sequence typing, antibiotic susceptibility, and resistant genes.ResultsThe most common serotypes were 19F (39.7%), 19A (16.4%), 6A (11.0%), 14 (9.6%), and 6B (8.2%). The coverage rates of the 7‐, 10‐ and 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines were 64.4%, 64.4%, and 91.8%, respectively. The five predominant sequence types were ST271 (37.0%), ST320 (19.2%), ST3173 (11.0%), ST876 (6.8%), and ST81 (4.1%), which were mainly associated with serotypes 19F, 19A, 6A, 14, and 23F, respectively. The rates of resistance to penicillin and ceftriaxone were 21.9% and 39.7%, respectively. All strains displayed resistance to macrolides, 54.8% of which possessed both erm(B) and mef(A/E) genes, and 41.1% carried the erm(B) gene alone. Tn2010 (41.1%) was the most common transposon.ConclusionsClonal complex 271 (Taiwan19F‐14 clone) played a dominant role in the dissemination of pneumococcal isolates. The prevalent serotypes indicated a lack of the 7‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which has not been included in national immunization programs in mainland China. The high rate of macrolide resistance made the empirical use of macrolides alone not suitable for treating pediatric pneumococcal disease.
Optimizing acquisition parameters in diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy of soils
Authors: Deiss Leonardo , Margenot Andrew J. , Culman Steve W. , Demyan M. Scott 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe number of co‐added scans and spectral resolution are two fundamental acquisition parameters in diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). However, systematic studies evaluating these parameters in soil science applications are lacking, especially when using mid‐infrared frequencies (mid‐DRIFTS). The objective of this study was to evaluate how numbers of co‐added scans and spectral resolution affect both qualitative and predictive applications of high‐throughput mid‐DRIFTS of soils. We first explored the literature with a systematic review to better understand variability in acquisition parameters and their hypothesized relationships with mid‐DRIFTS predictive performance (accuracy) of soil organic and/or total carbon (as a reference variable), but no evident relationship could be established across studies. Second, we experimentally evaluated how spectral resolutions (4, 8, 16, and 32 cm−1), and number of co‐added scans (8, 16, and 24 scans) affected (i) specific spectral peaks representing mineral and organic functional groups, and (ii) predictive performance of soil variables clay, sand, pH, total organic carbon, and permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC). Decreasing the number of co‐added scans from 24 to 8 increased wavenumber‐specific spectral variability and decreased both the predictive performance and the ability to characterize smaller peaks of mineral and organic functional groups. In contrast, broadening spectral resolution from 4 to 32 cm−1 reduced multivariate scores dispersion and had a positive effect on the predictive performance, even though some smaller peaks disappeared in resolutions wider than 8 cm−1. Acquisition parameters can be set to reduce both scanning time and computational demand while maintaining qualitative and predictive applications of mid‐DRIFTS in soil analysis.