bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Interface between Lithium and Electrolyte Facilitated by a Nanocomposite Protective Layer
Authors: Yang Luyi , Song Yongli , Liu Hao , Wang Zijian , Yang Kai , Zhao Qinghe , Cui Yanhui , Wen Jiayun , Luo Wei , Pan Feng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecently, solid‐state lithium batteries (SSLBs) have been considered an ideal solution for the practical application of lithium (Li) metal batteries owing to the excellent safety features of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs). Among various SSEs, Na superionic conductor (NASICON)‐type Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3 (LATP) holds great potential for its high ionic conductivity, low costs, and high stability. However, LATP tends to be reduced by metallic Li upon contact, posing a major challenge. Herein, a novel coating strategy is proposed to form a nanocomposite protecting layer on Li metal within 30 s. Such a protecting layer not only acts as an artificial solid‐electrolyte interface to conduct Li ion transportation that remains stable after repeated cycling but also effectively precludes the interfacial reaction between Li and LATP by inhibiting the interfacial electron transfer. As a result, the Li/LATP/Li symmetric cells exhibit excellent cycling stability for over 300 h of continuous Li plating/stripping. The assembled full‐cell using coated Li also shows high capacity retention after 500 cycles. Overall, this study demonstrates a facile and transferable method to reduce the reactivity of Li metal anode toward solid electrolytes with relatively high reduction potentials.
Overview of ultraviolet‐based methods used in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analysis and measurement
Authors: Mansouri Elham , Yousefi Vahid , Ebrahimi Vida , Eyvazi Shirin , Hejazi Mohammad Saeid , Mahdavi Mehri , Mesbahi Asghar , Tarhriz Vahideh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are environmental carcinogens that enter the environment through various routes. Therefore, the detection and remediation of carcinogens is one of the priorities of environmental research projects. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons show very specific ultraviolet absorbance spectra. The majority of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have an absorption in the ultraviolet or visible region; hence, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy has an important role in the detection of these compounds. Moreover, ultraviolet‐detectors with high‐performance liquid chromatography is a conventional method for identification, characterization and determining of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in complex environmental samples. In this review, attempts have been made to critically and objectively review the related literature and present the theoretical and practical background of the previous research on reproducible and successful ultraviolet‐based methods especially in high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet, high‐performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet‐diode array detector and ultraviolet‐fluorescent detector, were used in scientific studies to measure polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentration. The review provides useful and comprehensive information about valuable methods for future researches on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons remediation.
Determination of tafenoquine in human plasma by dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction
Authors: Lobo Amanda M. G. , Magalhães Igor R. S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTafenoquine, a synthetic analogue of primaquine, is a promising agent for the treatment of human malaria since this drug shows better antimalarial activity than primaquine in vitro and short treatment course. There are some methods for the quantification of tafenoquine in plasma, but none uses dispersive‐liquid‐liquid microextraction, an extraction technique that shows some advantages, such as miniaturization, low cost and high potential for routine application. Therefore, this study evaluated the employment of dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction to determine tafenoquine in human plasma. The mobile phase consisted of methanol/acetonitrile/sodium acetate (10 mM, pH 6.7)/acetic acid (50:30:20:0.1, v/v/v/v) and an octadecylsilane column (15 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) was used. The ultraviolet detection was performed at 262 nm and 1 mL/min as flow rate. The following parameters were set after method development: chloroform as extractor solvent, acetonitrile as dispersive solvent, acetonitrile:chloroform (7:3, v/v) as the final mixture, sample pH of 11.8 and extraction time of 2 min. The lower limit of quantification was 50 ng/mL and this method was linear over the range 50‐1500 ng/mL (r2 = 0.99), with satisfactory accuracy and precision, and may be useful in routine analyses.
Long-term re-procedure rate after mid-urethral slings for stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Tulokas Sari , Rahkola-Soisalo Päivi , Gissler Mika , Mikkola Tomi S. , Mentula Maarit J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Long-term safety concerns have risen over the mid-urethral sling operation (MUS) for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), which in some countries has led to litigations and even suspending MUS insertions. We examined the long-term re-procedure rate after MUS operations. The main outcome was re-procedures for SUI. The secondary outcome was surgical interventions due to complications.

Methods
We analysed a retrospective population cohort of 3531 women with MUS operations in 2000–2006 and followed them up until 31 December 2016. Data were collected from a national hospital register and from hospital patient records.

Results
The median follow-up time was 13 years (IQR 11.6–14.8) for the 3280 women with a retropubic MUS (RP-MUS) and 11 years (IQR 10.3–11.9) for the 245 women with a transobturator MUS (TO-MUS). The cumulative number of re-procedures for SUI was 16 (0.5%) at 1 year, 66 (1.9%) at 5 years, 97 (2.8%) at 10 years and 112 (3.2%) at 17 years. This risk was higher after TO-MUS than after RP-MUS operations (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.5–5.2, p < 0.001). The cumulative number of any long-term re-procedure was 43 (1.2%) at year 1, 105 (3.0%) at year 5, 144 (4.1%) at year 10 and 163 (4.6%) at year 17.

Conclusions
Re-procedures occur up to 17 years after primary MUS insertion, but their incidence is low after the first few postoperative years. Re-procedures for recurrent SUI are more common after TO-MUS than RP-MUS.
Multiparametric MRI and auto-fixed volume of interest-based radiomics signature for clinically significant peripheral zone prostate cancer
Authors: Bleker Jeroen , Kwee Thomas C. , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , de Jong Igle Jan , Huisman Henkjan , Yakar Derya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To create a radiomics approach based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) features extracted from an auto-fixed volume of interest (VOI) that quantifies the phenotype of clinically significant (CS) peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods
This study included 206 patients with 262 prospectively called mpMRI prostate imaging reporting and data system 3–5 PZ lesions. Gleason scores > 6 were defined as CS PCa. Features were extracted with an auto-fixed 12-mm spherical VOI placed around a pin point in each lesion. The value of dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging(DCE), multivariate feature selection and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) vs. univariate feature selection and random forest (RF), expert-based feature pre-selection, and the addition of image filters was investigated using the training (171 lesions) and test (91 lesions) datasets.

Results
The best model with features from T2-weighted (T2-w) + diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) + DCE had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.870 (95% CI 0.980–0.754). Removal of DCE features decreased AUC to 0.816 (95% CI 0.920–0.710), although not significantly (p = 0.119). Multivariate and XGB outperformed univariate and RF (p = 0.028). Expert-based feature pre-selection and image filters had no significant contribution.

Conclusions
The phenotype of CS PZ PCa lesions can be quantified using a radiomics approach based on features extracted from T2-w + DWI using an auto-fixed VOI. Although DCE features improve diagnostic performance, this is not statistically significant. Multivariate feature selection and XGB should be preferred over univariate feature selection and RF. The developed model may be a valuable addition to traditional visual assessment in diagnosing CS PZ PCa.

Key Points
• T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging features are essential components of a radiomics model for clinically significant prostate cancer; addition of dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging does not significantly improve diagnostic performance.
• Multivariate feature selection and extreme gradient outperform univariate feature selection and random forest.
• The developed radiomics model that extracts multiparametric MRI features with an auto-fixed volume of interest may be a valuable addition to visual assessment in diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer.
Amplified tropical Pacific rainfall variability related to background SST warming
Authors: Sun Ning , Zhou Tianjun , Chen Xiaolong , Endo Hirokazu , Kitoh Akio , Wu Bo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have found that under global warming, El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related rainfall variability will become enhanced over the tropical central-eastern Pacific and weakened over the western Pacific. The climatological sea surface temperature (SST) warming pattern exhibits a warming center in the equatorial eastern Pacific in projections. How this pattern contributes to projected changes in ENSO-driven rainfall variability has not been fully addressed. Here, we use “time-slice” experiments to investigate the response of interannual variability in tropical Pacific rainfall in boreal winter to a warming background SST and associated physical mechanisms. A high-resolution Atmosphere General Circulation Model is driven by the detrended observational SST (1979–2003) plus a warming pattern from the coupled model under the A1B emission scenario (2075–2099). The results show that precipitation interannual variability over the tropical central-eastern Pacific will be enhanced more than the surrounding regions under warming, which is mostly contributed by a faster increase in rainfall amount during the El Niño year relative to non-El Niño years. Based on a moisture budget analysis, both the dynamic and thermodynamic components in the vertical advection of climatological specific humidity contribute to the enhancement of El Niño-induced precipitation anomalies in the tropical central-eastern Pacific where the dynamic effect is dominant. Moist static energy budget analysis further illustrates that vertical velocity is enhanced due to the increased transport of moist static energy from the lower troposphere into the middle-upper troposphere and the intensified warming effect of cloud longwave radiation caused by the increase of high cloud amount and altitude.
Spectrophotometric Analysis of Ternary Uranyl Systems to Replace Tri-N-butyl Phosphate (TBP) in Used Fuel Reprocessing
Authors: Canner Adam J. , Harwood Laurence M. , Cowell Joseph , Babra Jasraj S. , Brown Solomon F. , Ogden Mark D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this report, the interaction of monoamide/diamide and monoamide/diglycolamide mixtures with $${\text{UO}}_{2}^{2 + }$$UO22+ are investigated in pH = 1 methanolic nitric acid media. These monoamides include N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAA), N,N-diethylacetamide (DEAA), N,N-dibutylacetamide (DBAA) and N,N-dibutylbutanamide (DBBA). N,N,N′N′-tetraethylmalonamide (TEMA) and N,N,N′,N′-tetraethyldiglycolamide (TEDGA), which were chosen as model diamides and diglycolamides, respectively. Complex stability constants for each ligand were modelled using the Stability Quotients Using Absorbance Data program using UV–visible data. Complex stoichiometry of ligand mixtures was determined using Job plots and UV–Vis spectrometry. Monoamides were confirmed to produce only disolvate complexes with $${\text{UO}}_{2}^{2 + }$$UO22+ in solution. The log10(K) values for monoamides were found to be independent of amine-side chain length, but were slightly dependent on the carbonyl-side chain length. TEDGA was found to produce multiple uranyl complexes in solution. Job plot data indicated that the uranyl cation strongly prefers to bond either only with the monoamide or diamide in ternary monoamide–diamide–UO2 systems. Monoamide–diglycolamide–UO2 systems were more complicated, with Job plot data indicating the potential for multiple ternary species being present is dependent on the monoamide structure.
Communicating and disseminating research findings to study participants: Formative assessment of participant and researcher expectations and preferences
Authors: Melvin Cathy L. , Harvey Jillian , Pittman Tara , Gentilin Stephanie , Burshell Dana , Kelechi Teresa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Translating research findings into practice requires understanding how to meet communication and dissemination needs and preferences of intended audiences including past research participants (PSPs) who want, but seldom receive, information on research findings during or after participating in research studies. Most researchers want to let others, including PSP, know about their findings but lack knowledge about how to effectively communicate findings to a lay audience.Methods:We designed a two-phase, mixed methods pilot study to understand experiences, expectations, concerns, preferences, and capacities of researchers and PSP in two age groups (adolescents/young adults (AYA) or older adults) and to test communication prototypes for sharing, receiving, and using information on research study findings.Principal Results:PSP and researchers agreed that sharing study findings should happen and that doing so could improve participant recruitment and enrollment, use of research findings to improve health and health-care delivery, and build community support for research. Some differences and similarities in communication preferences and message format were identified between PSP groups, reinforcing the best practice of customizing communication channel and messaging. Researchers wanted specific training and/or time and resources to help them prepare messages in formats to meet PSP needs and preferences but were unaware of resources to help them do so.Conclusions:Our findings offer insight into how to engage both PSP and researchers in the design and use of strategies to share research findings and highlight the need to develop services and support for researchers as they aim to bridge this translational barrier.
Structural Characteristic Length in Metallic Glasses
Authors: Akçay F. A. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTFracture of materials at the microscopic level involves a characteristic length related to microstructure. However, a clear structure-property relationship is still absent in metallic glasses. Therefore, a physics-based expression is derived for the characteristic length (relevant to brittle fracture) in metallic glasses (MGs) in order to link the microscopic material features controlling the fracture process to the macroscopic material parameters. The derived characteristic length is associated to micro/nano structural fracture patterns, critical crack tip opening displacement as well as fracture toughness. Characteristic lengths of various metallic glasses are determined using the proposed expression and compared to the experimental results. Theoretical results are in very good agreement with the experimental results of various metallic glasses. Furthermore, the contribution of characteristic length as well as macroscopic material parameters such as Poisson’s ratio, yield strength, and Young’s modulus on fracture toughness (and fracture energy) is investigated and compared to the experimental results.
Uniqueness and multiplicity of positive solutions for a diffusive predator–prey model in the heterogeneous environment
Authors: Li Shanbing , Dong Yaying 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis is the second part of our study on the spatially heterogeneous predator–prey model where the interaction is governed by a Crowley–Martin type functional response. In part I, we have proved that when the predator competition is strong (i.e. k is large), the model has at most one positive steady-state solution for any $\mu \in \mathbb {R}$, moreover it is globally asymptotically stable for any $\mu >0$. This part is denoted to study the effect of saturation. Our result shows that the large saturation coefficient (i.e. large m) can not only lead to the uniqueness of positive solutions, but also lead to the multiplicity of positive solutions, moreover the stability of the corresponding positive solutions is also completely obtained. This work can be regarded as a supplement of Ref. [10].
Community policing amidst diversity: exploring the role of inter-group trust in two Cape Town neighbourhoods
Authors: Karreth Ann K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhy are some diverse communities in sub-Saharan Africa able to achieve mutually beneficial collective action while others remain trapped in social dilemmas? This paper argues that inter-group trust plays an important role in explaining when and where communities succeed in collective endeavours. It develops an argument that illustrates how demographic contextual variables structure patterns of inter-group trust and prospects for local goods provision in diverse communities. It then assesses the argument by analysing community policing in two heterogeneous neighbourhoods in Cape Town, South Africa. The paper demonstrates how crosscutting cleavage structures in one Cape Town suburb bolstered the development of inter-group trust across the community, thus helping the community garner participation in community policing. It also documents how reinforcing cleavage structures in another Cape Town suburb has helped to suppress the development of inter-group trust, making the resolution of collective action problems more difficult.
‘Before there is power, there is the country’: civic nationalism and political mobilisation amongst Kenya's opposition coalitions, 2013–2018
Authors: Lockwood Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper provides an ethnographic perspective on the street-level deliberations of Kenya's opposition supporters between the 2013 and 2017 elections, arguing that rather than appeals to ethnicity what defines its discourse are broader, inclusive notions of political membership. A civic nationalism is enunciated by opposition supporters that congeals support between multiple ethnic groups through its emphasis on universal values – democracy, due process, equality, adherence to the constitution. However, when such civic ideas are used in political campaigning and mobilising rhetoric, describing a resurgent Kenyan ‘people’ that has been systematically disenfranchised, they take on an exclusionary character. As ‘good constitutionalists’, opposition supporters contrast themselves with ‘bad nationalists’ associated with the government, portrayed as mobilising particularistic ethnic loyalties at the expense of a majority of Kenyans. In practice, their civic ideas remain only potentially inclusive.
Transcriptomic response to decreased pH in adult, larval and juvenile red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, and interactive effects of pH and temperature on juveniles
Authors: Stillman Jonathon H. , Fay Scott A. , Ahmad Syed M. , Swiney Katherine M. , Foy Robert J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOcean warming and acidification are expected to influence the biology of the ecologically and economically important red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus. We investigated transcriptome responses of adult, larval and juvenile red king crab to assess sensitivity to reduced pH and elevated temperature. In adults, gill tissue (but not heart or cuticle) responded to reduced pH by differentially regulating many genes involved in metabolic, membrane and cuticular processes, but not ionic or acid/base regulation. In larval crabs, we found little evidence for a strong transcriptomic response to pH, but did observe large differences in the transcriptomes of newly hatched and one-week old larvae. In juvenile crabs, we found that there was a strong transcriptomic response to temperature across all pH conditions, but that only extreme low pH caused transcriptomic shifts. Most of the genes in juveniles that were differentially expressed were for cuticular and calcification processes. While inferences regarding the specific biological responses associated with changes in gene expression are likely to change as resources for red king crab genomics enabled studies continue to improve (i.e. better assemblies and annotation), our inferences about general sensitivities to temperature and pH across the life stages of red king crab are robust and unlikely to shift. Overall, our data suggest that red king crab are more sensitive to warming than acidification, and that responses to acidification at the transcriptomic level occur at different levels of pH across life stages, with juveniles being less pH sensitive than adults.
Polygenic contributions to alcohol use and alcohol use disorders across population-based and clinically ascertained samples
Authors: Johnson Emma C. , Sanchez-Roige Sandra , Acion Laura , Adams Mark J. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Chan Grace , Chao Michael J. , Chorlian David B. , Dick Danielle M. , Edenberg Howard J. , Foroud Tatiana , Hayward Caroline , Heron Jon , Hesselbrock Victor , Hickman Matthew , Kendler Kenneth S. , Kinreich Sivan , Kramer John , Kuo Sally I-Chun , Kuperman Samuel , Lai Dongbing , McIntosh Andrew M. , Meyers Jacquelyn L. , Plawecki Martin H. , Porjesz Bernice , Porteous David , Schuckit Marc A. , Su Jinni , Zang Yong , Palmer Abraham A. , Agrawal Arpana , Clarke Toni-Kim , Edwards Alexis C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies suggest that alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders have distinct genetic backgrounds.MethodsWe examined whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) for consumption and problem subscales of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C, AUDIT-P) in the UK Biobank (UKB; N = 121 630) correlate with alcohol outcomes in four independent samples: an ascertained cohort, the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA; N = 6850), and population-based cohorts: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; N = 5911), Generation Scotland (GS; N = 17 461), and an independent subset of UKB (N = 245 947). Regression models and survival analyses tested whether the PRS were associated with the alcohol-related outcomes.ResultsIn COGA, AUDIT-P PRS was associated with alcohol dependence, AUD symptom count, maximum drinks (R2 = 0.47–0.68%, p = 2.0 × 10−8–1.0 × 10−10), and increased likelihood of onset of alcohol dependence (hazard ratio = 1.15, p = 4.7 × 10−8); AUDIT-C PRS was not an independent predictor of any phenotype. In ALSPAC, the AUDIT-C PRS was associated with alcohol dependence (R2 = 0.96%, p = 4.8 × 10−6). In GS, AUDIT-C PRS was a better predictor of weekly alcohol use (R2 = 0.27%, p = 5.5 × 10−11), while AUDIT-P PRS was more associated with problem drinking (R2 = 0.40%, p = 9.0 × 10−7). Lastly, AUDIT-P PRS was associated with ICD-based alcohol-related disorders in the UKB subset (R2 = 0.18%, p < 2.0 × 10−16).ConclusionsAUDIT-P PRS was associated with a range of alcohol-related phenotypes across population-based and ascertained cohorts, while AUDIT-C PRS showed less utility in the ascertained cohort. We show that AUDIT-P is genetically correlated with both use and misuse and demonstrate the influence of ascertainment schemes on PRS analyses.