bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
En nombre del desarrollo, el interés nacional y el bien común: violencia legítima y derecho penal del enemigo en tiempos de antiterrorismo
Authors: Mazariegos Rodas Mónica 
Published: April 2020

El artículo analiza la reconceptualización de la noción de enemigo interno en el siglo XXI, así como las reconfiguraciones actuales del uso del derecho penal del enemigo como mecanismo de represión, criminalización y castigo a los movimientos sociales en Guatemala, desarrollando interrogantes y líneas argumentativas que se podrían aplicar a otros países latinoamericanos. El análisis se enmarca en el rol que en la actualidad juega el monopolio de la violencia “legítima” en la razón de Estado, así como en el progresivo posicionamiento de las corporaciones multinacionales y su lex mercatoriafrente a la soberanía estatal, no como simples agentes económicos, sino como mecanismos de autoridad política.Recibido: 04 septiembre 2019Aceptado: 24 febrero 2020Publicación en línea: Artículos en prensa 03 abril 2020; Núm. 5 (2020) 26 junio 2020
Electroconvulsive Therapy for Depression: A Review of the Quality of ECT versus Sham ECT Trials and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Read John , Kirsch Irving , McGrath Laura 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is still being administered to approximately a million people annually. There have been no ECT versus simulated ECT (SECT) studies since 1985. The five meta-analyses of ECT versus SECT studies all claim that ECT is more effective than SECT for its primary target, severe depression. This review assesses the quality of those meta-analyses and of the 11 studies on which they are based.MethodsThe meta-analyses were evaluated primarily in terms of whether they considered the quality of the studies they included, but also in terms of whether they addressed efficacy beyond end of treatment. The methodological rigor of the 11 studies included by one or more of the meta-analyses was assessed using a 24-point Quality scale developed for this review.ResultsThe five meta-analyses include between 1 and 7 of the 11 studies. The meta-analyses pay little or no attention to the multiple limitations of the studies they include. The 11 studies have a mean Quality score of 12.3 out of 24. Eight scored 13 or less. Only four studies describe their processes of randomization and testing the blinding. None convincingly demonstrate that they are double-blind. Five selectively report their findings. Only four report any ratings by patients. None assess Quality of Life. The studies are small, involving an average of 37 people. Four of the 11 found ECT significantly superior to SECT at the end of treatment, five found no significant difference and two found mixed results (including one where the psychiatrists reported a difference but patients did not). Only two higher Quality studies report follow-up data, one produced a near-zero effect size (.065) in the direction of ECT, and the other a small effect size (.299) in favor of SECT.ConclusionsThe quality of most SECT–ECT studies is so poor that the meta-analyses were wrong to conclude anything about efficacy, either during or beyond the treatment period. There is no evidence that ECT is effective for its target demographic—older women, or its target diagnostic group—severely depressed people, or for suicidal people, people who have unsuccessfully tried other treatments first, involuntary patients, or children and adolescents. Given the high risk of permanent memory loss and the small mortality risk, this longstanding failure to determine whether or not ECT works means that its use should be immediately suspended until a series of well designed, randomized, placebo-controlled studies have investigated whether there really are any significant benefits against which the proven significant risks can be weighed.
Conséquences zootechniques de simplifications de pratiques : exemples de la distribution des aliments et de la traite des vaches
Authors: AGABRIEL J. , FARRIE J.P. , POTTIER E. , NOTE P. , POMIES D. 
Published: April 2020

Les simplifications des pratiques telles que les modifications des modes et rythmes de distribution de l’alimentation et de la traite, influencent les performances zootechniques des ruminants. La distribution de l’alimentation hivernale par remorque mélangeuse qui broie partiellement les brins longs conduit à des niveaux d’ingestion d’autant plus élevés que les fourrages utilisés sont grossiers. La distribution séparée d’aliment concentrés de différentes natures à des agneaux à l’engrais ne modifie que peu les quantités et proportions moyennes ingérées d’un mélange et n’affecte pas la croissance. Mais la distribution d’ensilage une fois tous les deux jours ou trois fois par semaine, et l’alternance de la distribution des composants de la ration sur la semaine, sont des pratiques qui conduisent à une moindre utilisation nutritive des aliments de la ration. L’utilisation de ces techniques est possible mais limitée à des animaux modérément productifs. La monotraite des vaches réduit la production laitière de 10 à 30% avec un effet rémanent qui est d’autant plus important qu’elle est appliquée tôt dans la lactation et de façon prolongée. C’est une pratique qui entraîne parallèlement une diminution des quantités de fourrages ingérées. Ainsi l’animal peut mobiliser la plasticité du comportement d’ingestion et des processus digestifs et métaboliques pour s’adapter à des rythmes de distribution d’alimentation très variés sans modifier les lois de réponses aux apports alimentaires. Cette capacité d’adaptation est une caractéristique forte des ruminants sur lequel l’éleveur peut s’appuyer pour aménager son travail selon ses contraintes personnelles. En revanche, la plasticité de la lactation est moindre puisqu’une modification des conditions d’extraction du lait se traduit par des conséquences sur la lactation en cours, mais sans effet à l’échelle de la carrière de la vache. La modification des pratiques se raisonne donc toujours au regard des capacités d’adaptation des animaux qui nécessitent d'être mieux quantifiées par les travaux de recherches à venir.
Hommes et animaux d’élevage au travail : vers une approche pluridisciplinaire des pratiques relationnelles
Authors: BOIVIN X. , BENSOUSSAN S. , L’HOTELLIER N. , BIGNON L. , BRIVES H. , BRULE A. , GODET J. , GRANNEC M.L. , HAUSBERGER M. , KLING-EVEILLARD F. , TALLET C. , COURBOULAY V. 
Published: April 2020

Le statut juridique de l’animal reconnu comme «être sensible», induit de fait qu’une réflexion sur le travail en élevage et la relation homme-animal doit prendre en compte le point de vue de l’éleveur, et celui de l’animal. Les enjeux sociétaux, se situent autant en termes d’efficacité du travail et de qualité de vie pour les professions agricoles, qu’en terme de bien-être animal. Cet article de synthèse s’intéresse à la pluridisciplinarité, en particulier entre sciences sociales et éthologie afin de comprendre et d’améliorer les pratiques d’élevage déterminantes dans la relation homme-animal. L’analyse du temps de travail, regardée sous l’angle des contacts hommeanimal révèle une forte diversité suivant les filières et les exploitations. Les diversités de profils des éleveurs, de leurs représentations de l’animal et du travail avec l’animal, et de leurs logiques d’élevage sont rapportées. De son côté, l’éthologie définit un cadre conceptuel fondé sur le fait que l’éleveur et l’animal construisent par leurs interactions répétées une relation interindividuelle qui leur permet de prévoir l’issue de leurs futures interactions. La réaction des animaux à l’homme traduit donc une synthèse des interactions passées et permet d’une certaine façon d’évaluer leur relation. Les études en éthologie montrent que l’animal intègre effectivement l’homme dans son univers relationnel. L’article pointe l’intérêt de décrire la variabilité des pratiques relationnelles de l’éleveur et de les évaluer afin d’obtenir une relation homme-animal bénéfique tant pour l’homme que pour l’animal.
Apport d’un modèle du fonctionnement du troupeau pour évaluer la production laitière et l’efficacité alimentaire en élevage caprin
Authors: PUILLET L. , TICHIT M. , MARTIN O. , SAUVANT D. 
Published: April 2020

Cet article présente un simulateur du fonctionnement du troupeau caprin laitier qui permet d’évaluer les effets des pratiques de conduite sur les performances du troupeau. Le simulateur est basé sur l’interaction entre un système biotechnique et un système décisionnel. Le système biotechnique représente chaque animal grâce à un modèle de chèvre laitière. Le système décisionnel représente les opérations techniques d’alimentation, de reproduction et de renouvellement. Trois plans d’expériences ont testé les effets i) du niveau des apports alimentaires et du potentiel de production du troupeau, ii) de la segmentation du plan d’alimentation et de la durée de la lutte et iii) d’une conduite simplifiée du troupeau. Le simulateur a permis d’évaluer la production laitière et l’efficacité alimentaire à l’échelle du troupeau et des individus. Le niveau des apports et le potentiel de production du troupeau ont des effets marqués sur la production et l’efficacité alimentaire via la dilution des coûts de production par la quantité de lait produite. La segmentation du plan d’alimentation module les effets du niveau des apports alimentaires. L’examen d’indicateurs biologiques individuels permet de distinguer des conduites a priori équivalentes en termes de performance du troupeau. Ces conduites sont en fait associées à des niveaux de risques biologiques différents, susceptibles de moduler les capacités d’adaptation du troupeau en réponse à une perturbation.
La diversité de l’écosystème microbien du tractus digestif équin
Authors: SADET-BOURGETEAU S. , JULLIAND V. 
Published: April 2020

Le gros intestin (caecum et côlon) des équins héberge un microbiote abondant et divers dont une fonction essentielle est la dégradation et la fermentation des parois végétales ingérées en produits directement utilisables par l’hôte. Ce microbiote est composé de cinq grandes communautés microbiennes (protozoaires, bactéries, champignons, Archaea et virus) parmi lesquelles les bactéries ont été les plus étudiées. Ces communautés sont spécifiques de l’espèce équine. La diversité des protozoaires comme celle des champignons et des virus a été décrite du point de vue taxonomique mais leur implication dans les processus de digestion est mal connue. La diversité des Archaea a été peu étudiée, pourtant leur étude permettrait de mieux évaluer la contribution de l'élevage équin à la production de gaz à effet de serre. La communauté bactérienne est diverse, appartenant majoritairement aux phyla des Firmicutes et desBacteroides, et comprend des bactéries dont les différentes fonctions (cellulolytiques, amylolytiques, glycolytiques, utilisatrices de lactate et protéolytiques) sont impliquées dans la digestion des aliments ingérés, en particulier des parois végétales. Cette communauté bactérienne est différente entre le contenu caecal et colique d’une part, et les fèces d’autre part. Des facteurs propres à l’hôte (type génétique, variabilité individuelle) et/ou environnementaux (régime alimentaire, saison, exercice physique) sont susceptibles de modifier la diversité des communautés microbiennes du gros intestin équin. Ceci peut provoquer des changements importants conduisant à des déséquilibres et parfois à l’apparition de pathologies (colites, fourbures).
Field Application of Alkali/Surfactant/Polymer Flood with Novel Mixtures of Anionic/Cationic Surfactants for High-Temperature and High-Water-Cut Mature Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Li Yingcheng , Kong Bailing , Zhang Weidong , Bao Xinning , Jin Jun , Wu Xinyue , Guo Yan , Liu Yanhua , Wang Yanxia , He Xiujuan , Zhang Hui , Shen Zhiqin , Sha Ou 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Mixtures of anionic/cationic surfactants have never been used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) for negatively charged sandstone reservoirs because of high adsorption. Recently, novel mixtures of anionic/cationic surfactants that produced low critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of 3.50×10–4 wt%, ultralow interfacial tension (IFT) of 10–4 mN/m, high oil solubilization of 23, and low adsorption of 0.27 mg/g sand were developed in the laboratory for a mature sandstone reservoir with characteristics of high temperature of 81°C, high water cut of 97.8%, high recovery factor of 53.3%, and low-acid oil of 0.021 mg/g potassium hydroxide (KOH). Coreflooding results indicated that alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding with a preslug of crosslinked polymer (CP) increased oil recovery by 24.2% of original oil in place (OOIP) over the waterflood under the optimal chemical formulation.
Since January 2012, the first field application of ASP flooding in the world with highly efficient mixtures of anionic/cationic surfactants was performed for a high-temperature, high-water-cut mature sandstone reservoir to demonstrate the potential of the novel surfactant to recover residual oil from as high as 53.3% recovery factor of reserves. ASP slug and CP slug for conformance control were alternately injected. The water cut decreased from 97.9 to 90.2% and the estimated ultimate oil recovery can be increased by 14.2% of OOIP and yield up to 67.5% of OOIP.
Women’s retention on the Continuum of Maternal Care Pathway in West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia: Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Emiru Amanu Aragaw , Alene Getu Degu , Debelew Gurmesa Tura 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The continuum of maternal care has been one of the effective approaches for improving the health of mothers and newborns. Although large numbers of Ethiopian women do not use maternal health services, points of drop out along the continuum are not understood well. Understanding of a particular point of maternal care dropout on the continuum, however, helps governments make effective interventions. This study aimed to assess the extent of women’s service utilization and the factors affecting retention on the continuum of care in West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based study linked to health facility data was conducted in June 2018. Data were obtained from 1281 mothers who gave birth to their last baby within the preceding 12 months from a two-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using a pretested questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of individual and cluster-level factors on key elements of the continuum of care. The measure of fixed effects was expressed as Odds Ratio with 95 % confidence interval. Results: The study revealed that only 12.1% of women completed the continuum of care (ANC4+, SBA, PNC within 48 hours after birth); while 25.1% reported not having care at any stage for their most recent birth. There were commonalities and differences in the predictors of the three indicators of maternal health service utilization. Variables related to services received during antenatal care such as early initiation of ANC (AOR=7.53, 95%CI, 2.94, 19.29) and receiving proper contents (AOR=3.31, 95%CI, 1.08, 10.16) were among the predictors significantly associated with the completion of the continuum of care. Conclusions: The continuum of maternal care completion rate was extremely low, indicating that women were not getting the maximum possible health benefit from existing health services. The results also revealed that maternal health service utilization was influenced by factors operating at various levels-individual, household, community, and health facility. Since antenatal care is considered an entry point for the subsequent use of maternal services, strategies that aimed to improve maternal health service utilization should target early initiation and antenatal care quality
Transcultural validation of the Return-to-Work Self-Efficacy Scale in Korean patients with work-related injuries Transcultural Validation of the Return-to-Work Self-Efficacy Scale in Korean patients with work-related injuries
Authors: Lee Jeong-Eun , Yoo Su Bin , leigh Ja-ho 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : This study aimed to develop a Korean-language version of the RTWSE-19 through a forward and backward translation process and to investigate the validity of the Return-to-Work Self-Efficacy Scale specifically for Asian workers with work-related injuries. Methods : Participants were 202 injured workers who had filed a claim accepted by the workers’ compensation system following a work-related musculoskeletal injury. Among participants, 88.1% were male, 54.5% were over 45 years, 45.5% had an occupation in manufacturing, and 54.5% were craft or machine operator and assemblers. Results : Using exploratory factor analysis, three factors with 17 items were identified: (i) meeting job demands, (ii) modifying job tasks, and (iii) communicating needs to others. Removal of two item in modifying job tasks domain resulted in an increased reliability. The Korean version of the RTWSE-17 showed reasonable model fit (CFI = .963; TLI = .943; RMSEA = .068; SRMR = 0.029), satisfactory reliability (r = 0.925), no floor and ceiling effect, and construct validity. Conclusions : The scale was found to possess good psychometric properties and could address different injury types ranging from fractures to amputations involved in sub-acute and rehabilitation phases in a Korean context. The results from this study provide practitioners and researchers with insight into return to work after rehabilitation in Asian clinical and workplace setting.
Food insecurity during pregnancy in a maternal-infant cohort in Brazilian Western Amazon
Authors: Ramalho Alanderson Alves , Holanda Cibely Machado , Martins Fernanda Andrade , Rodrigues Bárbara Teles Cameli , Andrade Andréia Moreira , Koifman Rosalina Jorge 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be withdrawn due to author disagreement.
Effects of chalazion and its treatments on the meibomian glands: a nonrandomized, prospective observation clinical study
Authors: Li Junping , Li Dongping , Zhou Na , Qi Mengying , Luo Yanzhu , Wang Yuhong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background To observe the effects of chalazion and its treatments on meibomian gland function and morphology in the chalazion area. Methods This nonrandomized, prospective observational clinical study included 58 patients (67 eyelids) who were cured of chalazion, including 23 patients (23 eyelids) treated with a conservative method and 35 patients (44 eyelids) treated with surgery. Infrared meibomian gland photography combined with image analysis by ImageJ software was used to measure the chalazion area proportion. Slit-lamp microscopy was employed to evaluate meibomian gland function, and a confocal microscope was used to observe meibomian gland acinar morphology before treatment and 1 month after complete chalazion resolution. Results At 1 month after chalazion resolution, the original chalazion area showed meibomian gland loss according to infrared meibomian gland photography in both groups. In patients who received conservative treatment, the meibomian gland function parameters before treatment were 0.74±0.75, 0.48±0.67, and 1.22±0.60, respectively. One month after chalazion resolution, the parameters were 0.35±0.49, 0.17±0.49, and 0.91±0.60, respectively; there was significant difference (P<0.05). The proportion of the chalazion area before treatment was 14.90 (11.03, 25.3), and the proportion of meibomian gland loss at 1 month after chalazion resolution was 14.64 (10.33, 25.77); there was no significant difference (P>0.05). In patients who underwent surgery, the meibomian gland function parameters before surgery were 0.93±0.87, 1.07±0.70, and 1.59±0.76, respectively, and at 1 month after chalazion resolution, they were 0.93±0.82, 0.95±0.75, and 1.52±0.70, respectively; there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The proportion of the chalazion area before surgery was 14.90 (12.04, 21.6), and the proportion of meibomian gland loss at 1 month after chalazion resolution was 14.84 (11.31, 21.81); there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The acinar structure could not be observed clearly in the meibomian gland loss area in most patients. Conclusions Chalazion causes meibomian gland loss, and the range of meibomian gland loss is not related to the treatment method but to the range of chalazion itself. A hot compress as part of conservative treatment can improve meibomian gland function at the site of chalazion in the short term.
Lactic acid level as an outcome predictor in pediatric patients with intussusception in the emergency department
Authors: Lee Jeong-Yong , Byun Young-Hoon , Park Jun-Sung , Lee Jong Seung , Ryu Jeong-Min , Choi Seung Jun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Intussusception decreases blood flow to the bowel, and tissue hypoperfusion results in increased lactic acid levels. We aimed to determine whether lactic acid levels are associated with pediatric intussusception outcomes.

Methods: The electronic medical records of our emergency department pediatric patients diagnosed with intussusception, between January 2015 and October 2018, were reviewed. An outcome was considered poor when intussusception recurred within 48 hours of reduction or when surgical reduction was required due to air enema failure.

Results: A total of 249 patients were included in the study, including 39 who experienced intussusception recurrence and 11 who required surgical reductions; hence, 50 patients were included in the poor outcome group. The poor and good outcome groups showed significant differences in their respective blood gas analyses for pH (7.39 vs. 7.41, P = .001), lactic acid (1.70 vs. 1.30 mmol/L, P < .001), and bicarbonate (20.70 vs. 21.80 mmol/L, P = .036). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that pH and lactic acid levels were the two factors significantly associated with poor outcomes. When the lactic acid level cutoff values were ≥1.5, ≥2.0, ≥2.5, and ≥3.0 mmol/L, the positive predictive values for poor outcomes were 30.0%, 34.6%, 50.0%, and 88.9%, respectively.

Conclusion: Lactic acid levels affect outcomes in pediatric patients with intussusception; higher lactic acid levels are associated with higher positive predictive values for poor outcomes.