bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of various levels of sweet almond meal as a source of protein on the production variables and immune response of broiler chickens
Authors: Moradi Yeganeh Zeinab , Salari Somayyeh , Mirzadeh Khalil , Sari Mohsen , Ghorbani Mohammadreza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate effects of a sweet almond meal (SAM) as a source of protein on performance and immune responses of broiler chickens. Treatments consisted of different levels of SAM (7%, 14%, 21% and 28% of diet) and control diet that was performed in a completely randomized design in 42 days. Body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) were recorded weekly. Carcass characteristics and blood variables were measured on the 42 day of age. Immune response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) was assessed at d 35 and d 42 (7 days after each injection). White blood cell count was done at d 28. The results showed that chickens fed 28% of SAM had lowest FI during the experiment. During grower period and also whole period of experiment, BWG was highest in chickens that consumed 7% SAM. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly increased in chickens fed 28% SAM compared to the other treatments during grower period and also whole period of the experiment. The relative weight of thigh and breast significantly decreased and the relative weight of GIT increased by increasing levels of SAM in the diet. The concentration of cholesterol and LDL significantly decreased in chickens that consumed SAM in the diet. However, the highest glucose and HDL concentration were observed in chickens fed 28% SAM in the diet. Treatments did not have a significant effect on the immune response of broilers (primary and secondary SRBC antibody titres, relative weights of spleen and bursa of fabricius and white blood cell count) (p > 0.05). The results of this study show that a diet supplemented with SAM at the level of 14%, due to the improved FCR and decreased blood cholesterol and LDL concentration, can be a good replacement for soybean meal in broiler chicken's nutrition.
Influence of Salmonella specific bacteriophages (O1; S16) on the shedding of naturally occurring Salmonella and an orally applied Salmonella Eastbourne strain in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)
Authors: Renfert Kevin , Rabsch Wolfgang , Fruth Angelika , Marschang Rachel E. , Speck Stephanie , Pees Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study determined the passage time and phage propagation time of salmonella specific phages, Felix O1 and S16, in 10 bearded dragons, based on re‐isolation from cloacal swabs and faecal samples following oral administration, as a possible tool for reducing salmonella shedding. In Study 1, Felix O1 was administered orally for 12 consecutive days. Over 60 days, swabs were taken from the oral cavity and cloaca and qualitative Salmonella detection as well as salmonella quantification from faecal samples were performed. In Study 2, a phage cocktail (Felix O1 and S16) was administered to half of the tested animals. Salmonella (S.) Eastbourne was also given orally to all animals. Oral and cloacal swabs were tested as in Study 1, and faecal samples were collected for phage quantification. Various Salmonella serovars were detectable at the beginning of the study. The numbers of serovars detected declined over the course of the study. S. Kisarawe was most commonly detected. Salmonella titres ranged from 102 to 107 cfu/g faeces. The phages (Felix O1 and S16) were detectable for up to 20 days after the last administration. The initial phage titres ranged from 103 to 107 pfu/ml. The study shows that the phages were able to replicate in the intestine, and were shed for a prolonged period and therefore could contribute to a reduction of Salmonella shedding.
Antibiotic use in pig farming and its associated factors in L County in Yunnan, China
Authors: Fang Jing , Gong Guodong , Yuan Jingsong , Sun Xiao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChina has a long history of pig rearing, and it currently raises and consumes approximately half of the pigs in the world. Major improvements have been made in pig farming in China in the last four decades with the growing application of new livestock farming technologies. Among the new improvements, the use of antibiotics in pig farming is a common but not well‐documented practise. In order to understand the behaviour of the farmers regarding antibiotic use in pig farming, we conducted a household survey in four townships of L County in Yunnan Province, China, during August 2014 and April 2015. In this survey, 404 farmer households were interviewed using a questionnaire. Among the farmers interviewed, 89% reported easy access to antibiotics, 83.7% reported experience of self‐purchasing antibiotics, and 40.3% reported that they often used antibiotics in pig farming mainly for the prevention and treatment of pig diseases. These farmers identified 20 antibiotics that they had used in pig farming 6 months before the survey. Of these, 11 and 8 antibiotics have been categorised under ‘critically important’ and ‘highly important’ antimicrobial groups, respectively, by the World Health Organization (WHO), and 12 and 8 have been categorised under the ‘Watch’ and ‘Access’ groups, respectively, as per the 2019 WHO AWaRe classification of antibiotics. Factors associated with the behaviour of self‐purchasing antibiotics included types of farms, sources of antibiotics, and previous experiences of pig diseases: those who were smallholders, buying antibiotics from veterinary drugstores and village vets, and whose pigs had suffered diseases previously were more likely to self‐purchase antibiotics for their pigs. Farmers who cleaned their pigsties less frequently and those whose pigs had suffered from diseases used antibiotics more frequently as compared to their peer farmers.
Yeast communities associated with cacti in Brazil and the description of Kluyveromyces starmeri sp. nov. based on phylogenomic analyses
Authors: Freitas Larissa F.D. , Batista Thiago M. , Santos Ana R.O. , Hilário Heron O. , Moreira Rennan G. , Franco Glória R. , Morais Paula B. , Lachance Marc‐André , Rosa Carlos A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractYeast communities associated with cacti were studied in three ecosystems of Southeast, Central and North Brazil. A total of 473 yeast strains belonging to 72 species were isolated from 190 samples collected. Cactophilic yeast species were prevalent in necrotic tissues, flowers, fruits and insects of cacti collected in Southeast and North Brazil. Pichia cactophila, Candida sonorensis and species of the Sporopachydermia complex were the most prevalent cactophilic species in Southeast and Central regions. Kodamaea nitidulidarum, Candida restingae and Wickerhamiella cacticola were frequently associated with cactus flowers and fruits. The diversity of yeasts associated with the substrates studied was high. Twenty‐one novel species were found. One is described here as Kluyveromyces starmeri sp. nov. based on 21 isolates obtained from necrotic tissues, flowers, fruits and associated insects of the columnar cacti Cereus saddianus, Micranthocereus dolichospermaticus and Pilosocereus arrabidae in two different ecosystems in Brazil. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences encoding the gene of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, the internal transcribed spacer, the 5.8S rRNA gene and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA showed that the species is related to Kluyveromyces dobzhanskii, Kluyveromyces lactis and Kluyveromyces marxianus. Phylogenomic analyses based on 1264 conserved genes shared among the new species and 19 other members of the Saccharomycetaceae confirmed this phylogenetic relationship. The holotype is K. starmeri sp. nov. CBS 16103T (=UFMG‐CM‐Y3682T). The Mycobank number is MB 836817.
Partial associativity and rough approximate groups
Authors: Gowers W. T. , Long J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSuppose that a binary operation $$\circ $$
∘
on a finite set X is injective in each variable separately and also associative. It is easy to prove that $$(X,\circ )$$

(
X
,
∘
)

must be a group. In this paper we examine what happens if one knows only that a positive proportion of the triples $$(x,y,z)\in X^3$$

(
x
,
y
,
z
)

∈

X
3

satisfy the equation $$x\circ (y\circ z)=(x\circ y)\circ z$$

x
∘
(
y
∘
z
)
=
(
x
∘
y
)
∘
z

. Other results in additive combinatorics would lead one to expect that there must be an underlying ‘group-like’ structure that is responsible for the large number of associative triples. We prove that this is indeed the case: there must be a proportional-sized subset of the multiplication table that approximately agrees with part of the multiplication table of a metric group. A recent result of Green shows that this metric approximation is necessary: it is not always possible to obtain a proportional-sized subset that agrees with part of the multiplication table of a group.
Determination of organically bound fluorine sum parameters in river water samples—comparison of combustion ion chromatography (CIC) and high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS)
Authors: Gehrenkemper Lennart , Simon Fabian , Roesch Philipp , Fischer Emily , von der Au Marcus , Pfeifer Jens , Cossmer Antje , Wittwer Philipp , Vogel Christian , Simon Franz-Georg , Meermann Björn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, we compare combustion ion chromatography (CIC) and high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) with respect to their applicability for determining organically bound fluorine sum parameters. Extractable (EOF) and adsorbable (AOF) organically bound fluorine as well as total fluorine (TF) were measured in samples from river Spree in Berlin, Germany, to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the two techniques used as well as the two established fluorine sum parameters AOF and EOF. TF concentrations determined via HR-CS-GFMAS and CIC were comparable between 148 and 270 μg/L. On average, AOF concentrations were higher than EOF concentrations, with AOF making up 0.14–0.81% of TF (determined using CIC) and EOF 0.04–0.28% of TF (determined using HR-CS-GFMAS). The results obtained by the two independent methods were in good agreement. It turned out that HR-CS-GFMAS is a more sensitive and precise method for fluorine analysis compared to CIC. EOF and AOF are comparable tools in risk evaluation for the emerging pollutants per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances; however, EOF is much faster to conduct.
Police Transportation Following Vehicular Trauma and Risk of Mortality in a Resource‐Limited Setting
Authors: Purcell Laura N. , Mulima Gift , Nip Emily , Yohan Avital , Gallaher Jared , Charles Anthony 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn resource‐limited settings, prehospital trauma care and transportation from the scene to a hospital is not well developed. Critically injured patients present to the hospital via privately owned vehicles (PV), public transportation, or the police. We aimed to determine the mortality following road traffic injury based on the mode of transportation to our trauma center.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of the Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) Trauma Registry from January 2011 to May 2018. Patients with road traffic injuries, presenting from the scene, were included. Those brought in dead or discharged from casualty were excluded. Bivariate analysis was performed over mortality. A Poisson multivariate regression determined the relative risk of mortality by prehospital transportation.Results2853 patients were included; 7.8% (n = 223) died. Patients were transported by PV (n = 1963, 68.8%), minibus (n = 497, 17.4%), and police (268, 9.4%). No patients were transported by ambulance. Patients transported by police (1 h, IQR 0–2) and PV (1 h, IQR 0–2), arrived earlier than those transported by minibus (2 h, IQR 0–27), p < 0.001. There was no difference in injury severity between the transportation cohorts. Compared to PV, patients transported by police (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.13–2.17, p = 0.008) have an increased risk of mortality after controlling for injury severity. There was no difference in mortality in patients presenting by minibus (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.55–1.24, p = 0.4).ConclusionPatients transported to KCH via police have a higher risk of mortality than those transported via private vehicle after controlling for injury severity. Training police in basic life support may be an initial target of intervention in reducing trauma mortality. Overall, the creation of a functional prehospital ambulance system with a cadre of paramedics is necessary for both trauma and non‐trauma patients alike. This can only be achieved by training all stakeholders, the police, public transport drivers, and the public at large.
Monitoring formaldehyde in a shock tube with a fast dual-comb spectrometer operating in the spectral range of 1740–1790 cm–1
Authors: Fjodorow Peter , Allmendinger Pitt , Horvath Raphael , Herzler Jürgen , Eigenmann Florian , Geiser Markus , Fikri Mustapha , Schulz Christof 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA dual-frequency-comb spectrometer based on two quantum-cascade lasers is applied to kinetics studies of formaldehyde (HCHO) in a shock tube. Multispectral absorption measurements are carried out in a broad spectral range of 1740–1790 cm–1 at temperatures of 800–1500 K and pressures of 2–3 bar. The formation of HCHO from thermal decomposition of 1,3,5-trioxane (C3H6O3, 0.9% diluted in argon) and the subsequent oxidation of formaldehyde is monitored with a time resolution of 4 µs. The rate coefficient of the decomposition of C3H6O3 (i.e., HCHO formation) is found to be k1 = 6.0 × 1015 exp(− 205.58 kJ mol−1/RT) s–1. For the oxidation studies, mixtures of 0.36% C3H6O3 and 1% O2 in argon are used. The information of all laser lines, along with the consideration of individual signal variance of each line, is utilized for kinetic and spectral analysis. The experimental kinetic profiles of HCHO are compared with simulations based on the mechanisms of Zhou et al. (Combust Flame, 197:423–438, 2018) and Cai and Pitsch (Combust Flame, 162:1623–1637, 2015).
The uncertainty of the experimentally-measured momentum coefficient
Authors: Semaan Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We quantify the uncertainty of the momentum coefficient, $$C_{\mu}$$

C
μ

, for six different experimental approaches. The approaches vary depending on compressibility effects and on the utilized acquisition equipment to measure the product of the mass flow rate with the jet exit velocity. The uncertainty of the directly-measured variables is propagated into the momentum coefficient using the Taylor expansion method to the first order. All relevant random and systematic uncertainties are meticulously quantified and listed. The analysis reveals unacceptably high uncertainty of the momentum coefficient under certain settings. Practical solutions to minimize the sources of uncertainty are then proposed and analyzed. The proposed improvements on the benchmark example of a Coanda actuator with a high aspect ratio slot reduce the uncertainty of $$C_{\mu}$$

C
μ

significantly but not sufficiently, as it remains at a non-negligible value of $$\approx 11\%$$

≈
11
%

for the best scenario. Finally, a list of practical recommendations and guidelines on how to accurately estimate the momentum coefficient experimentally is provided.

Graphic abstract
Interannual and decadal covariabilities in East Asian and Western North Pacific summer rainfall for 1979–2016
Authors: Kim Seogyeong , Ha Kyung-Ja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the variabilities of East Asian summer rainfall (EASR) and Western North Pacific summer rainfall (WNPSR) is essential because they play a key role to control the energy and water supply. Monsoon index is generally defined by seasonal mean, but it is not appropriate for considering various timescale characteristics. Because it includes the influence of not only the interannual but also longer timescales. Thus, the several timescale variances in the indices and background fields should be isolated as each variability to focus on their own features. Here, the present study defines the EASR and WNPSR indices to explore potential factors that may trigger the enhanced rainfall for the period 1979–2016. Interannual variation is shown to be dominant in both indices, while decadal variation is more significant in WNPSR than EASR. Each index is decomposed to obtain a signal on interannual and decadal timescales with 1–7 and 8–15 years. The interannual components in both indices perform opposite each other in atmospheric and oceanic fields and have a negative relationship with high covariance. Both location of subtropical jet and thermal condition over the Indian Ocean contribute to interannual EASR and WNPSR as factors. In contrast, related fields upon both decadal indices represent distinguished patterns. The EASR is modulated by Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) and interdecadal oscillation patterns in the decadal timescale. However, the WNPSR is controlled by the tri-polar SSTA over the North Atlantic. Consequently, the decadal and interannual variabilities show differing mechanisms to adjust rainfall during monsoon events.
Cardiorespiratory fitness, occupational aerobic workload and age: workplace measurements among blue-collar workers
Authors: Stevens Matthew Leigh , Crowley Patrick , Holtermann Andreas , Mortensen Ole Steen , Korshøj Mette 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe knowledge, from laboratory studies dating back to the 1950s on the importance of the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and aerobic workload for workers health, is fundamental for promoting sustainable healthy employability among ageing blue-collar workers today. However, the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and aerobic workload has not yet been documented during daily work, and we do not know if it applies to the normal work of blue-collar workers in different age groups. We aim to investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and aerobic workload among blue-collar workers using measurements of 24-h heart rate collected over consecutive working days.MethodsWe analyzed baseline cardiorespiratory fitness, assessed using a sub-maximal cycle ergometer test, and 1–4 days of 24-h heart rate measurement from 497 blue-collar workers participating in the DPHACTO study. We investigated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and aerobic workload defined as the average percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR), maximum %HRR and the duration time spent at a high HRR (> 30%) during working hours. The association was assessed using multivariate linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, self-rated health, shift-work, prescription medication and occupation, as well as for different age strata.ResultsHigher cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly associated with decreased mean %HRR −0.32 [95% CI −0.39 to −0.25], maximum %HRR −0.35 [95% CI −0.45 to −0.25] and time spent at  ≥ 30% HRR; −1.8% [95% CI −2.2 to −1.5%]. These associations were evident across age groups, with slightly stronger associations for workers aged 46–51 (total range 18–68).ConclusionsHigher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with the decreased aerobic workload during normal work across all age groups and levels of work intensity. Our findings highlight the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness when considering the workload and its relevance in the promotion of healthy sustainable employment.
Optimizing antiemetic treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in Japan: Update summary of the 2015 Japan Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antiemesis
Authors: Aogi Kenjiro , Takeuchi Hideki , Saeki Toshiaki , Aiba Keisuke , Tamura Kazuo , Iino Keiko , Imamura Chiyo K. , Okita Kenji , Kagami Yoshikazu , Tanaka Ryuhei , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Fujii Hirofumi , Boku Narikazu , Wada Makoto , Akechi Tatsuo , Iihara Hirotoshi , Ohtani Shoichiro , Okuyama Ayako , Ozawa Keiko , Kim Yong-Il , Sasaki Hidenori , Shima Yasuo , Takeda Masayuki , Nagasaki Eijiro , Nishidate Toshihiko , Higashi Takahiro , Hirata Kouichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPatients with cancer should appropriately receive antiemetic therapies against chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Antiemetic guidelines play an important role in managing CINV. Accordingly, the first Japanese antiemetic guideline published in 2010 by the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology (JSCO) has considerably aided Japanese medical staff in providing antiemetic therapies across chemotherapy clinics. With the yearly advancements in antiemetic therapies, the Japanese antiemetic guidelines require revisions according to published evidence regarding antiemetic management worldwide. A revised version of the first antiemetic guideline that considered several upcoming evidences had been published online in 2014 (version 1.2), in which several updated descriptions were included. The 2015 JSCO clinical practice guideline for antiemesis (version 2.0) (in Japanese) has addressed clinical antiemetic concerns and includes four major revisions regarding (1) changes in emetogenic risk categorization for anti-cancer agents, (2) olanzapine usage as an antiemetic drug, (3) the steroid-sparing method, and (4) adverse drug reactions of antiemetic agents. We herein present an English update summary for the 2015 JSCO clinical practice guideline for antiemesis (version 2.0).
Nucleolar protein 10 (NOP10) predicts poor prognosis in invasive breast cancer
Authors: Elsharawy Khloud A. , Althobiti Maryam , Mohammed Omar J. , Aljohani Abrar I. , Toss Michael S. , Green Andrew R. , Rakha Emad A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Nucleolar protein 10 (NOP10) is required for ribosome biogenesis and telomere maintenance and plays a key role in carcinogenesis. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and prognostic significance of NOP10 in breast cancer (BC).

Methods
NOP10 expression was assessed at mRNA level employing the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) (n = 1980) and Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BC cohorts (n = 854). Protein expression was evaluated on tissue microarray of a large BC cohort (n = 1081) using immunohistochemistry. The correlation between NOP10 expression, clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome was assessed.

Results
NOP10 expression was detected in the nucleus and nucleolus of the tumour cells. At the transcriptomic and proteomic levels, NOP10 was significantly associated with aggressive BC features including high tumour grade, high nucleolar score and poor Nottingham Prognostic Index. High NOP10 protein expression was an independent predictor of poor outcome in the whole cohort and in triple-negative BC (TNBC) class (p = 0.002 & p = 0.014, respectively). In chemotherapy- treated patients, high NOP10 protein expression was significantly associated with shorter survival (p = 0.03) and was predictive of higher risk of death (p = 0.028) and development of distant metastasis (p = 0.02) independent of tumour size, nodal stage and tumour grade.

Conclusion
High NOP10 expression is a poor prognostic biomarker in BC and its expression can help in predicting chemotherapy resistance. Functional assessments are necessary to decipher the underlying mechanisms and to reveal its potential therapeutic values in various BC subtypes especially in the aggressive TNBC class.