bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does obstructive sleep apnoea contribute to obesity, hypertension and kidney dysfunction in children? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Rodriguez-Lopez Sara , Palkowski Stefan , Gerdung Christopher , Keto-Lambert Diana , Sebastianski Meghan , Castro-Codesal Maria Luisa 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionChildhood obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder that may directly contribute to the development of obesity, hypertension and renal injury. Although those associations seem to be clearer in adults, studies in children have revealed conflicting results and updated synthesis of the evidence is lacking. The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the available evidence on the effect of OSA on obesity, systemic blood pressure and kidney function, to help to elucidate whether respiratory interventions to correct OSA would have the potential to improve those outcomes.Methods and analysisA systematic literature review search was created by a medical librarian and peer-reviewed by a second librarian prior to running. Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, CINAHL via EbscoHOST, Wiley Cochrane Library and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global were searched on 25 February 2020. Titles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers for inclusion, followed by full-text screening of relevant articles. Studies in children will be included if they report data on OSA and weight, systemic blood pressure or kidney parameters. The extracted data will be combined for analysis and the information subcategorised in groups based on outcome. Risk of bias will be determined using tools specific to study methodology and certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach.Ethics and disseminationThis study will provide essential information for healthcare professionals to better understand the relationship between childhood OSA and changes in body mass index, systemic blood pressure and kidney function indicators. Our findings will be disseminated through conferences and publications. The results of this review may guide the initiation of new strategies and the development of future research studies. This research did not involve human subjects and therefore did not undergo research ethical review.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020171186.
Exploring the causes and impacts of falls among ambulators with spinal cord injury using photovoice: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Singh Hardeep , Shibi Rosen Arielle , Bostick Geoff , Kaiser Anita , Musselman Kristin E 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThis study explored: (1) fall circumstances experienced by ambulators with spinal cord injury (SCI) over a 6-month period, (2) the impacts of falls-related injuries and fall risk and (3) their preferences/recommendations for fall prevention.DesignA sequential explanatory mixed-methods design with two phases.SettingA Canadian SCI rehabilitation hospital and community setting.ParticipantsThirty-three ambulators with SCI participated in phase 1 and eight participants that fell in phase 1 participated in phase 2.MethodsIn phase 1, fall circumstances were tracked using a survey that was completed each time a participant fell during the 6-month tracking period. Phase 2 involved photovoice; participants took photographs of factors that influenced their fall risk and how their fall risk impacted their work/recreational activities. Participants discussed the photographs and topics related to fall prevention in an individual interview and a focus group.ResultsOf the 33 participants, 21 fell in 6 months. Falls commonly occurred in the home while participants were changing positions or walking. Most falls occurred in the morning or afternoon. In phase 2, interviews and focus group discussion revealed three themes: (1) falls are caused by bodily impairments (eg, impaired reactive response during slips and trips and weakness and altered sensation in legs/feet), (2) impacts of fall-related injuries and fall risk (eg, psychosocial effects of fall-related injuries, limiting community participation due to the risk of falling and activity-dependent concern of falling) and (3) approaches to fall prevention (eg, fall prevention strategies used, components of fall prevention and utility of professional fall prevention strategies/interventions).ConclusionsFall prevention interventions/strategies should focus on minimising a person’s fall risk within their home as most falls occurred in the home environment. Ambulators with SCI would benefit from education and awareness about common fall circumstances that they may encounter in their daily lives.
‘Immunity Passports’ for SARS-CoV-2: an online experimental study of the impact of antibody test terminology on perceived risk and behaviour
Authors: Waller Jo , Rubin G James , Potts Henry W W , Mottershaw Abigail L , Marteau Theresa M 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of describing an antibody-positive test result using the terms Immunity and Passport or Certificate, alone or in combination, on perceived risk of becoming infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and protective behaviours.Design2×3 experimental design.SettingOnline.Participants1204 adults from a UK research panel.InterventionParticipants were randomised to receive one of six descriptions of an antibody test and results showing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, differing in the terms describing the type of test (Immunity vs Antibody) and the test result (Passport vs Certificate vs Test).Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome: proportion of participants perceiving no risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 given an antibody-positive test result. Other outcomes include: intended changes to frequency of hand washing and physical distancing.ResultsWhen using the term Immunity (vs Antibody), 19.1% of participants (95% CI 16.1% to 22.5%) (vs 9.8% (95% CI 7.5% to 12.4%)) perceived no risk of catching coronavirus given an antibody-positive test result (adjusted OR (AOR): 2.91 (95% CI 1.52 to 5.55)). Using the terms Passport or Certificate—as opposed to Test—had no significant effect (AOR: 1.24 (95% CI 0.62 to 2.48) and AOR: 0.96 (95% CI 0.47 to 1.99) respectively). There was no significant interaction between the effects of the test and result terminology. Across groups, perceiving no risk of infection was associated with an intention to wash hands less frequently (AOR: 2.32 (95% CI 1.25 to 4.28)); there was no significant association with intended avoidance of physical contact (AOR: 1.37 (95% CI 0.93 to 2.03)).ConclusionsUsing the term Immunity (vs Antibody) to describe antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2 increases the proportion of people believing that an antibody-positive result means they have no risk of catching coronavirus in the future, a perception that may be associated with less frequent hand washing.Trial registration numberOpen Science Framework: https://osf.io/tjwz8/files/
Risk of HBV reactivation in patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lee Pei-Chang , Chao Yee , Chen Ming-Huang , Lan Keng-Hsin , Lee I-Cheng , Hou Ming-Chih , Huang Yi-Hsiang 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundImmunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is a promising treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether ICIs would have the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation and the necessary of nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs) prophylaxis are still unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of NUCs prophylaxis in HBV-infected patients who underwent ICIs treatment.MethodsThe study was a retrospective prospective design to review and follow-up consecutive 62 patients with chronic hepatitis B or resolved HBV infection who had received ICIs treatment for the unresectable HCC. Of them, 60 patients with documented baseline serum HBV DNA value were classified into three categories according to the baseline HBV viral load and the status of antiviral therapy before ICI treatment. The clinical status, including tumor response, viral kinetics and liver function, was recorded and investigated.ResultsNo HBV reactivation occurred in the 35 patients with HBV DNA ≤100 IU/mL on NUCs therapy. Of the 19 patients with HBV DNA >100 IU/mL who started NUCs simultaneously with ICI treatment, none encountered HBV reactivation during the immunotherapy. Of the six HBV patients without NUCs treatment, three had a greater than 1 log decrease in HBV viral load, and one maintained his serum HBV DNA in undetectable status during ICI treatment. Eventually, one out of six experienced HBV reactivation after 9 weeks of ICI treatment.ConclusionNo patients on antiviral therapy developed HBV reactivation, and one out of six not receiving antiviral therapy had HBV reactivation. HBV viral load higher than 100 IU/mL is safe and not a contraindication for ICI treatment for HCC, if NUCs can be coadministrated.
Does socioeconomic status make a difference? A register-based study on the extent to which cardiovascular screening in patients with inflammatory arthritis leads to recommended follow-up in general practice
Authors: Kjeldgaard Anette Hvenegaard , Hørslev-Petersen Kim , Wehberg Sonja , Soendergaard Jens , Primdahl Jette 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate to what extent patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) follow recommendations given in a secondary care nurse-led cardiovascular (CV) risk screening consultation to consult their general practitioner (GP) to reduce their CV risk and whether their socioeconomic status (SES) affects adherence.MethodsAdults with IA who had participated in a secondary care screening consultation from July 2012 to July 2015, based on the EULAR recommendations, were identified. Patients were considered to have high CV risk if they had risk Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) ≥5%, according to the European SCORE model or systolic blood pressure ≥145 mmHg, total cholesterol ≥8 mmol/L, LDL cholesterol ≥5 mmol/L, HbA1c ≥42 mmol/mol or fasting glucose ≥6 mmol/L. The primary outcome was a consultation with their GP and at least one action focusing on CV risk factors within 6 weeks after the screening consultation.ResultsThe study comprised 1265 patients, aged 18–85 years. Of these, 336/447 (75%) of the high-risk patients and 580/819 (71%) of the low-risk patients had a GP consultation. 127/336 (38%) of high-risk patients and 160/580 (28%) of low-risk patients received relevant actions related to their CV risk, for example, blood pressure home measurement or prescription for statins, antihypertensives or antidiabetics. Education ≥10 years increased the odds for non-adherence (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.0.37 to 0.92, p=0.02).Conclusions75% of the high-risk patients consulted their GP after the secondary care CV risk screening, and 38% of these received an action relevant for their CV risk. Higher education decreased adherence.
Causality of black holes in 4-dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet–Maxwell theory
Authors: Ge Xian-Hui , Sin Sang-Jin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study charged black hole solutions in 4-dimensional (4D) Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet–Maxwell theory to the linearized perturbation level. We first compute the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio. We then demonstrate how bulk causal structure analysis imposes an upper bound on the Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant in the AdS space. Causality constrains the value of Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant $$\alpha _{GB}$$αGB to be bounded by $$\alpha _{GB}\le 0$$αGB≤0 as $$D\rightarrow 4$$D→4.
Phenomenology of NNLO jet production at the LHC and its impact on parton distributions
Authors: Khalek Rabah Abdul , Forte Stefano , Gehrmann Thomas , Ridder Aude Gehrmann-De , Giani Tommaso , Glover Nigel , Huss Alexander , Nocera Emanuele R. , Pires Joao , Rojo Juan , Stagnitto Giovanni 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present a systematic investigation of jet production at hadron colliders from a phenomenological point of view, with the dual aim of providing a validation of theoretical calculations and guidance to future determinations of parton distributions (PDFs). We account for all available inclusive jet and dijet production measurements from ATLAS and CMS at 7 and 8 TeV by including them in a global PDF determination, and comparing to theoretical predictions at NNLO QCD supplemented by electroweak (EW) corrections. We assess the compatibility of the PDFs, specifically the gluon, obtained before and after inclusion of the jet data. We compare the single-inclusive jet and dijet observables in terms of perturbative behaviour upon inclusion of QCD and EW corrections, impact on the PDFs, and global fit quality. In the single-inclusive case, we also investigate the role played by different scale choices and the stability of the results upon changes in modelling of the correlated experimental systematics.
Topological Born–Infeld charged black holes in Einsteinian cubic gravity
Authors: Zangeneh M. Kord , Kazemi A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study four-dimensional topological black hole solutions of Einsteinian cubic gravity in the presence of nonlinear Born–Infeld electrodynamics and a bare cosmological constant. First, we obtain the field equations which govern our solutions. Employing Abbott–Deser–Tekin and Gauss formulas, we present the expressions of conserved quantities, namely total mass and total charge of our topological black solutions. We disclose the conditions under which the model is unitary and perturbatively free of ghosts with asymptotically (A)dS and flat solutions. We find that, for vanishing bare cosmological constant, the model is unitary just for asymptotically flat solutions, which only allow horizons with spherical topology. We compute the temperature for these solutions and show that it always has a maximum value, which decreases as the values of charge, nonlinear coupling or cubic coupling grows. Next, we calculate the entropy and electric potential. We show that the first law of thermodynamics is satisfied for spherical asymptotically flat solutions. Finally, we peruse the effects of model parameters on thermal stability of these solutions in both canonical and grand canonical ensembles.
KDM5B Is Essential for the Hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT Signaling in Prostate Tumorigenesis
Authors: Li Guoliang , Kanagasabai Thanigaivelan , Lu Wenfu , Zou Mike R. , Zhang Shang-Min , Celada Sherly I. , Izban Michael G. , Liu Qi , Lu Tao , Ballard Billy R. , Zhou Xinchun , Adunyah Samuel E. , Matusik Robert J. , Yan Qin , Chen Zhenbang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

KDM5B (lysine[K]-specific demethylase 5B) is frequently upregulated in various human cancers including prostate cancer. KDM5B controls H3K4me3/2 levels and regulates gene transcription and cell differentiation, yet the contributions of KDM5B to prostate cancer tumorigenesis remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the functional role of KDM5B in epigenetic dysregulation and prostate cancer progression in cultured cells and in mouse models of prostate epithelium–specific mutant Pten/Kdm5b. Kdm5b deficiency resulted in a significant delay in the onset of prostate cancer in Pten-null mice, whereas Kdm5b loss alone caused no morphologic abnormalities in mouse prostates. At 6 months of age, the prostate weight of Pten/Kdm5b mice was reduced by up to 70% compared with that of Pten mice. Pathologic analysis revealed Pten/Kdm5b mice displayed mild morphologic changes with hyperplasia in prostates, whereas age-matched Pten littermates developed high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer. Mechanistically, KDM5B governed PI3K/AKT signaling in prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. KDM5B directly bound the PIK3CA promoter, and KDM5B knockout resulted in a significant reduction of P110α and PIP3 levels and subsequent decrease in proliferation of human prostate cancer cells. Conversely, KDM5B overexpression resulted in increased PI3K/AKT signaling. Loss of Kdm5b abrogated the hyperactivation of AKT signaling by decreasing P110α/P85 levels in Pten/Kdm5b mice. Taken together, our findings reveal that KDM5B acts as a key regulator of PI3K/AKT signaling; they also support the concept that targeting KDM5B is a novel and effective therapeutic strategy against prostate cancer.

Significance:
This study demonstrates that levels of histone modification enzyme KDM5B determine hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling in prostate cancer and that targeting KDM5B could be a novel strategy against prostate cancer.
Association of Hypertension and Arterial Blood Pressure on Limb and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Fudim Marat , Hopley Charles W. , Huang Zhen , Kavanagh Sarah , Rockhold Frank W. , Baumgartner Iris , Berger Jeffrey S. , Blomster Juuso I. , Fowkes F. Gerry R. , Katona Brian G. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Norgren Lars , Ostrom Cara , Patel Manesh R. , Jones W. Schuyler , Hiatt William R. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Current guidelines recommend aggressive management of hypertension. Recent evidence suggested potential harm with low blood pressure targets in patients with peripheral artery disease. We investigated the association of a history of hypertension and office systolic blood pressure (SBP) with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and major adverse limb events (MALEs).

Methods and Results:

The EUCLID trial (Examining the Use of Ticagrelor in Peripheral Artery Disease) included 13 885 participants with symptomatic peripheral artery disease; median follow-up was 30 months. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for any MACE, MALE, and MALE including lower extremity revascularization. A clinical history of arterial hypertension was present in 10 857 (78%) participants, and these participants were older and more likely to be female when compared with the 3026 (22%) patients without hypertension. In patients with a history of hypertension, the adjusted hazard ratio for MACE was 0.94, 95% CI, 0.82–1.08;
P
=0.39, and the adjusted hazard ratio for MALE was 1.08, 95% CI, 0.96–1.23;
P
=0.21. During follow-up, average SBP was 135 mm Hg (125–145). Every 10 mmHg increase in SBP>125 mmHg was associated with an increased risk of MACE (HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.06–1.14];
P
<0.001), a marginally increased risk of MALE (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.00–1.15];
P
=0.062), and an increased risk of MALE/lower extremity revascularization (HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.04–1.11];
P
<0.001). Every decrease in 10 mmHg SBP ≤125 mmHg was associated with an increased risk of MACE (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.09–1.31];
P
<0.001) but not MALE or MALE/lower extremity revascularization (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.84–1.23],
P
=0.824; HR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.95–1.13],
P
=0.392, respectively).

Conclusions:
History of hypertension was not associated with higher hazard for MACE or MALE in patients with peripheral artery disease. In contrast, there was a higher hazard of MACE in patients with out-of-target low and high SBP. High but not low SBP was associated with an increased risk of ischemic limb events.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01732822.
Cancer Mortality in Trials of Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tini Giacomo , Bertero Edoardo , Signori Alessio , Sormani Maria Pia , Maack Christoph , De Boer Rudolf A. , Canepa Marco , Ameri Pietro 
Published: August 2020

Background
The burden of cancer in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is apparently growing. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) may help understanding this observation, since they span decades of heart failure treatment.

Methods and Results

We assessed cancer, cardiovascular, and total mortality in phase 3 heart failure RCTs involving ≥90% individuals with left ventricular ejection fraction <45%, who were not acutely decompensated and did not represent specific patient subsets. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) of each type of death for the control and treatment arms were calculated using a random‐effects model. Temporal trends and the impact of patient and RCT characteristics on mortality outcomes were evaluated by meta‐regression analysis. Cancer mortality was reported for 15 (25%) of 61 RCTs, including 33 709 subjects, and accounted for 6% to 14% of all deaths and 17% to 67% of noncardiovascular deaths. Cancer mortality rate was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.46–0.71) per 100 patient‐years without temporal trend (
P
=0.35). Cardiovascular (
P
=0.001) and total (
P
=0.001) mortality rates instead decreased over time. Moreover, cancer mortality was not influenced by treatment (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.92–1.28), unlike cardiovascular (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79–0.98) and all‐cause (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84–0.99) mortality. Meta‐regression did not reveal significant sources of heterogeneity. Possible reasons for excluding patients with malignancy overlapped among RCTs with and without published cancer mortality, and malignancy was an exclusion criterion only for 4 (8.7%) of the RCTs not reporting cancer mortality.

Conclusions
Cancer is a major, yet overlooked cause of noncardiovascular death in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, which has become more prominent with cardiovascular mortality decline.
Association of Atrial Fibrillation With Incidence of Extracranial Systemic Embolic Events: The ARIC Study
Authors: Shi Mengyuan , Chen Lin Y. , Bekwelem Wobo , Norby Faye L. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Alam Aniqa B. , Alonso Alvaro 
Published: August 2020

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of stroke and extracranial systemic embolic events (SEEs), but little is known about the magnitude of the association of AF with SEE.

Methods and Results

This analysis included 14 941 participants of the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study (mean age, 54.2±5.8, 55% women, 74% White) without AF at baseline (1987–1989) followed through 2017. AF was identified from study ECGs, hospital discharges, and death certificates, while SEEs were ascertained from hospital discharges. CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc was calculated at the time of AF diagnosis. Cox regression was used to estimate associations of incident AF with SEE risk in the entire cohort, and between CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score and SEE risk in those with AF. Among eligible participants, 3114 participants developed AF and 270 had an SEE (59 events in AF). Incident AF was associated with increased risk of SEE (hazard ratio [HR], 3.58; 95% CI, 2.57–5.00), after adjusting for covariates. The association of incident AF with SEE was stronger in women (HR, 5.26; 95% CI, 3.28–8.44) than in men (HR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.66–4.32). In those with AF, higher CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score was associated with increased SEE risk (HR per 1‐point increase, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05–1.47).

Conclusions

AF is associated with more than a tripling of the risk of SEE, with a stronger association in women than in men. CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc is associated with SEE risk in AF patients, highlighting the value of the score to predict adverse outcomes and guide treatment decisions in people with AF.
Destroying Churches by Performing Knowledge: Ibn al-Rifʿa’s Kitāb al-nafā’is fī adillat hadm al-kanā’is (700/1301) and the Social Negotiation of Legal Authority
Authors: Van Den Bossche Gowaart 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In 700/1301 the Cairene scholar Najm al-Dīn Ibn al-Rifʿa wrote a short juridical treatise entitled Kitāb al-nafāʾis fī adillat hadm al-kanāʾis in which he argued for the destruction of all churches and synagogues in Cairo. Some chroniclers report that this text was used to legitimise popular attacks on, and the destruction of, churches, but shortly thereafter, Ibn al-Rifʿa’s opinion was declared invalid by a council of prominent jurists. In addition to its juridical arguments for church destruction, Ibn al-Rifʿa suggests that the treatise was meant to function as a challenge to the author’s peers. I argue that al-Nafāʾis reflects ideas about the normative application of Shāfiʿī fiqh and that it can serve as a lens through which we can reconstruct a complex picture of the performance and negotiation of legal authority in the Mamluk period.