bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Flow over Two Unsymmetrical Tandemly Arranged Airfoils – Numerical Simulation
Authors: Abbey Saransh , Dankhara Kevin , Senthilkumar S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
There have been many insects having a tandem wing configuration that gives them a major advantage for maneuvering with various desirable speed, such as dragonflies and butterflies, but subsequently have been used for a wider range of applications. So, it is well known that the tandem airfoil arrangement will have better aerodynamic characteristics than those of the single airfoil arrangement. The present work aims at numerically predicting the aerodynamic characteristics of the single airfoil and tandem airfoil arrangements of the Wortmann FX 63-137 airfoil profile at a Reynolds number of 0.5 x 106. The numerical simulations are performed using commercial CFD software, ANSYS-Fluent. Turbulent flows are modeled using the k-ω RANS model with a second-order upwind scheme. The pressure-velocity coupling is done through the SIMPLE algorithm. In the tandem arrangement, airfoils are positively staggered in the flow direction with variable gaps ranging from 0.1m to 0.7m with an increment of 0.2m and the perpendicular distance between the leading edges of two airfoils is fixed at 0.3 m and simulations are performed for a various angle of attacks with a range of 0 to ± 14°. The aerodynamic characteristics of the single and tandem arrangements of the same airfoil are compared and the effect of wake from the primary airfoil on a secondary airfoil at different angles of attack is also studied for the same conditions.
Design and Fabrication of a Turbine having NACA 2415 Blades and Feasibility Study of its Application in Cooling Tower
Authors: Ur Rahman Md Wakil , Rashid Fazlur , Jahangir Safwan Bin , Anam Iftekhar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In modern world, energy is a blessing, but its production is a problem with many human and economic ramifications. Comparing with others, solar and wind energies are much popular but have their own problems, primarily cost. Some of experiments are at MIT’s Media Laboratory are happening with cheap alternative energy sources. Wind energy is more efficient according to research, than solar energy. Mathematically it is proven, with the help of a 3 square meter turbine where velocity of wind is 36 km per hour and with 30% of total efficiency about 300 watt can be obtained. The main contents of this project and thesis include the design, construction and calculating the performance of aerofoil shaped turbine blade. To construct the aero foil shaped turbine three blades and a wood-hub are used. A shaft is fitted with hub with 5 cm diameter; a metallic gear is there for supporting the other end. In addition, gearing system is there to make the speed of output shaft are more high. A24 volt generator is also connected to the output shaft. The primary output was 6 watt &amp; can apply this output power in various purposes like to run energy saving lamp, to charge mobile battery &amp; other charge storage battery. A model has been used for simulation since the site of the actual turbine was not feasible for collecting effective data. The model was tested at different wind speeds and rpm of the rotor with respect to the amount of electricity produced.
Development and test of a new carbon capture system using Zeolite with addition of Activated carbon and Monoethanolamine for IC engines
Authors: Ajith Kumar P S , Varghese Akhil , Vaishanth S S , Balaji G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Global warming is one of the major concerns of the modernera. It is caused bythe surplus presence ofgases like CO2, CH4, NOx, and SF6, which can entrap the sun’s warmth within our atmosphere leading to the greenhouse effect. Past surveys showthat the atmospheric CO2levels, which has been on a steady rise due to burning of fossil fuels as well as incomplete combustion in IC engines, is the key factor to the climate change problem the world is facing right now. One of the ways to reduce thisCO2crisis is to capture carbon emissions at the source itself. This paper deals with a process to reduce CO2 levels by employing a combination of zeolite, activated carbon and monoethanolamine (MEA) with the help of Aluminium fine wire mesh. The properties of zeolite 5A have been adapted in capturing the CO2 due to their high micro porous structure and MEA due to its high CO2 absorbing characteristics. A slurry is prepared and the aluminium wire mesh is dipped in it, dried and is later kept in the exhaust pipe for the results. A comparison of the carbon emission with and without mesh is tabulated and presented with discussions.
Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with pine oil and cotton seed oil
Authors: Khan Mohd Quasim , Joshi Jitendra , Singh Harshit , Ayatuallah  , Singh Anurag , Manikandaraja G , Malarmannan S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil resources has led to find alternative fuels that are compatible with internal combustion engines. This paper presents the study of performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with pine oil and cotton seed oil blended in the blending ratio 70:30, 50:50 and 30:70 respectively. The experiment was carried out in four stroke single cylinder diesel engine by varying the load from 0% to 80%. The result shows the blend of cotton oil and pine oil used as a fuel has increased the brake thermal efficiency with reduction in exhaust gas temperature and specific fuel consumption. By using different blends, it shows the reduction in emission parameters such as CO, CO2, NOX and smoke and yields satisfactory results.
Study of expansion ratio on dual bell nozzle of LOX-RP1 engine for replacing the existing bell nozzle to dual bell nozzle
Authors: Samantra Ashis Kumar , Santhosh K S , Rashid Khalid , Jayashree A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Numerical study was conducted on the LOX-RP1 engine bell nozzle to replace the dual bell nozzle for determining the optimum expansion ratio and greater thrust at sea level. Here base nozzle is a conventional Rao’s TIC nozzle, where throat radius, exit radius, inflection angle and exit angles are 138mm, 826mm, 33° and 8° respectively. The total length of dual bell nozzle and existing bell nozzle are kept same. Numerical analyses were carried out in ANSYS FLUENT software on different dual bell nozzle geometry to evaluate the thrust and expansion ratio. Numerical analysis is performed by two dimensional, axi-symmetric, steady state, pressure based solver with SST k-ω turbulence model at different ambient pressures to recreate the patterns of flow in the nozzle at different nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) and expansion ratio. The profile has made by commercial software SOLID WORKSTM. Numerical simulations and flow separation locations are validated with the experimental data published earlier. It is observed that with area ratio 150 and inflection angle 15° the thrust has increased by 5.46% at sea level and around 10.5% in vacuum, where the increase in exit radius and mass is only 96 mm and 6 kg respectively.
Experimental Study on GNP Based Nanofluid Phase Change Material for Cooling Application
Authors: Ranjith Thode , Sathishkumar A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The current study aims to analyze the solidification and melting characteristics of nanofluid phase change material (NFPCM) for building cooling applications. The NFPCM were prepared by using graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) in different concentrations (0.2, 0.4 & 0.6 Wt. %) and DI water as base PCM. The NFPCM was prepared using two step methods and stability of the NFPCM was analyzed using visual sedimentation method. The experimentation was conducted in -12 °C and -9 °C surrounding bath temperatures. The Sub-cooling was eliminated completely for the addition of SDBS and GNP in maximum concentration. The experimental results showed that the 10 % and 8.5 % reduction in solidification time for 0.6 wt. % GNP in base PCM for the surrounding bath temperature of -12 °C and -9 °C respectively. Also, the DSC analysis was conducted for the heating rate of 5 K/min and the reduction of enthalpy during heating and cooling was noticed 14 % and 11 % respectively. It is observed that the reduction of overall solidification time of the NFPCM will have the predominant effect in the chiller operation time.
Fresnel Lens Technology for Distillation of Water with LDR Sensor Based Tracking System
Authors: Johnson Joji , Srinivas Arjun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Fresnel lens reduces the amount of material required compared to a conventional lens. By employing this technology to two of the ubiquitous resources available almost everywhere – sunlight and brine water - we produce steam. Focused sunlight by sun tracking was used to boil water from a copper tube while a spiral piping is used as a condenser. With LDR sensors and a high torque servo motor, the solar irradiance was maximised. This was done using ‘Adruino Uno’ micro controller coded to use real time data obtained from the LDR sensors. The apparatus was tested on sunny, partially cloudy and cloudy days in manually set to North – South direction manually. The amount of water distilled was proportional to the solar irradiance and were highest, mediocre and lowest respectively for three sample days of varying solar albedo. Though black paint on copper boiler helped to increase distilled water productivity, loss in heat from the system was evident. An average of 1.6 litres of water was produced per day by the system with boiler volume 3.18 litres and rectangular Fresnel lens of size 345 x 345 mm. Heat loss from system may be further controlled by larger aperture lens and selective insulation of copper duct. Addition of baffle for heating and fins at condenser may increase heat transfer rate.
Influence of geometric and operating parameters on the performance of the helical capillary tube for the R744 refrigerant
Authors: Jadhav P , Agrawal N , Sahu A , Patil S , Aldar D , Tapase A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper reveals the numerical investigation of the helical capillary tube. The study is carried out for an adiabatic, homogenous capillary tube with the R744 refrigerant. The basic principles of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy are used to develop the mathematical model. The results of the present coiled capillary tube model are verified with previously published test results. The refrigerant properties of R744 are employed from CO2PROP. The influence of various geometric parameters of the capillary tube-like tube diameter, roughness, and coil diameter on the performance of the tube been computed. The consequence of the tube diameter on the tube performance is larger than other geometric parameters. As the tube diameter increase by 18%, the mass flow rate increase by nearly 55%. Similarly, as an increment in the coil diameter took place by 10%, the mass flow rate increase by 5%. The negligible change is observed owing to the change in surface roughness. While the surface roughness increases by 18%, the mass increases by 1%. Moreover, the influence of various operating factors is evaluated. A significant variation in the tube and system performance is seen owing to the change in gas cooler temperature. As the gas cooler temperature rises by 5%, the drop in mass flow rate is about 18%. Comparatively, less effect is recorded due to an evaporator temperature. As the evaporator temperature rises by 15%, the mass flow decreases by nearly 11%. The considerable impact is perceived owing to the change in pressure of the gas cooler. As the gas cooler pressure increases by 4%, the mass flow rate increases by nearly 7%. Similarly, the influence of operating and geometric parameters on the coefficient of performance and cooling capacity of the transcritical R744 system is evaluated. For optimum performance of the R744 cycle, the selection of proper gas cooler temperature and gas cooler pressure is a key factor. This work is useful to design the helical capillary tube with R744 refrigerant.
Numerical simulation of flow field over slender bodies at transonic Mach number and low angle of attacks
Authors: Makhija Jai , Siva Krishna Reddy D , Rishabh  
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The transonic flow field over a launch vehicle is complicated due to presence of a normal shockwave on the heat shield. To predict the aerodynamic loads, the shockwave position needs to be predicted accurately. The present work aims at predicting the flow field over a typical launch vehicle at an angle of attack (AOA), and analyzing the effect of AOA on flow field, shockwave position and aerodynamic and moment coefficients. The launch vehicle considered here is a long slender body with spherical nose followed by the conical, cylindrical and boat-tail portions. Simulations are performed at a Mach number of 0.95with AOA of 0°, 2°, and 4°. Commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics package ANSYS Fluent is used for simulations. Density-based algorithm is used to obtain the steady state solutions with explicit time stepping.κ-ω SST turbulence model is used to close the turbulent stresses terms. The surface pressure distribution in axial direction is analyzed to understand the effect of AOA on the aerodynamic and moment coefficients. It is observed that as AOA increases, the normal shockwave moves towards nose. The drag coefficient and pitching moment coefficients are found to increase with increase of AOA.
Comparison of the effect of 1st order and 2nd order fluctuating temperature field on convective heat transfer coefficient in an unsteady laminar-boundary layer
Authors: Gupta S B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An unsteady thermal boundary layer analysis over a heat source (flat plate) has revealed that first order temperature change in source and core flow temperatures affects the time average or RMS value of h’S. It also emphasize that 1st order changes are important. Analysis also indicates that a phase difference between pressure and temperature exists at the source in order to increase the RMS value of h’S. Value of h’S is directly proportional to the tan/sine of the above phase difference, This implies that entropy oscillations must exist at the heat source. The purpose of this paper is to compare the result of 2nd order analysis previously done, with the 1st order study carried out in this paper. In second order analysis time average of h”S depends upon 2nd order change due to 1st order effects. Finally, existence of phase difference between pressure and temperature, thus having entropy oscillations are evident, comparison implies although there is similarity between 1st order and 2nd order results but first order effects are more important than 2nd order effects.
Experimental examination on physicochemical properties of the Tamarind seed biodiesel in comparison with petroleum diesel fuel
Authors: Ravikrishnan Ganesh Bharathi , Venkatesan S , Samuel Bright 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The present escalating demand for the hydrocarbon fuel and its lack of availability move the automotive industries and the oil companies to urge the search for alternative resources and feedstocks to emerge a fuel for transportation to keep going. This paper deals with the examination of properties of the Tamarind seed Biodiesel and the petroleum diesel fuel with biodiesel oils of significant feedstocks. The raw oil extracted from Tamarind Seed was trans-esterified with methanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide to obtain biodiesel. The oil yield was 35%. The study was to figure out the variation in the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel for their progressive blend percentages with the petroleum diesel. The blends investigated were B20, B40, B60 and B80. The vital physicochemical properties of the biodiesel evaluated were a flashpoint, fire point, kinematic viscosity, and the calorific value. Importantly, the calorific value of B100 is 45.83 MJ/Kg and diesel is 45.49 MJ/Kg. The increasing biodiesel concentrations show, the kinematic viscosity of the blended fuel decreases to 2.4 cSt at B80 from 2.63 cSt for Diesel, which is 13%. The flash and fire point value of the diesel fuel which is 37.4 and 56.7°C, was incremented with the higher concentrations of biodiesel as 41.2°C and 57.7°C at B80.
Development and integration of oxygen generator for home air conditioner
Authors: Sameer S K , Eswaran P 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn Oxygen Generator is developed to interface with Home Air Conditioner that serves for Home Oxygen Therapy & it is controlled by a Microcontroller which is connected to an IoT app through which users can monitor and control the whole system. Oxygen levels are to be maintained as per OSHA cited acceptable levels. For generating oxygen we are using Pressure Swing Adsorption Technique with two bed molecular sieve columns with Zeolite filled inside in it which acts as a Filtering component of Nitrogen. When a Pressurized air is passed through the Zeolite it filters out Nitrogen (due to its chemical nature Nitrogen molecules gets trapped inside its pores) and allows rest of the Air components pass through it so that we can get oxygen enriched air at the outlet and it is given to home.
Design and analysis of shell and tube heat exchanger for low temperature applications using CFD
Authors: Anand R S , David Shibin , Gajendiran M. , Stanley Kingston 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A shell and tube device is deployed for the applications such as oil refinery processes, chemical processes and high pressure technologies. The hot fluid flows to the tubes in the heat exchanger, and the cool fluid moves through the shell section. Hence, heat is transferred from the tube section to the shell section of the heat exchanger. This article is deals with the modelling and analysis of mini shell and tube heat exchanger (MSTHE) for low temperature applications which is less than 250°C. The design of the heat exchanger is made with nine tubes which are of 6 mm diameter and shell of 41 mm diameter. As conventional design does not result in the internal heat transfer, computational fluid dynamics scheme is adopted to design the modified heat exchanger by adopting the conditions such as velocity of tube fluid and pressure drop. The modelling of MSTHE is done by Pro/E whereas CFD analysis is done with ANSYS. The contour obtained from the analysis proves that the MSTHE is applicable for the temperature less than 250°C and have the potential to transfer heat effectively.
Preliminary Studies on Compressible Jet Flow from a Pipe with Square Cross-section
Authors: Tinesh K , Avinash S , Kannan B T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Jet flow through pipes/nozzles has been successfully applied in various fields and has a further wide scope in fields of Flow Control and Acoustic Suppression. In the past few decades, jet flow through pipes and nozzles have been widely exploited, researchers found that non-Circular Pipes possess some unique properties, with which the need for research in this field increased. This work presents the properties of jet flow from a Square Pipe (L/D=5) over the Circular ones. Experiments are done in Compressible flow conditions using 3-D fabricated Pipes of Circular and Square cross sections. The cross sectional area of the pipe exit is maintained same for both the Pipes to facilitate comparison of results. This study highlights the advantages of Square Pipes over the conventional ones via pressure measurements.
Thermal Property Enhancement on Water based PCM in Spherical Container for Cold Storage Applications
Authors: Sajen Saven Jude , Sundaram P , Yogyaveedu Cyriac Tomy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the present work is to study the solidification behaviour of a di-water based PCM for cold energy management applications. Thickening agents such as agar, gelatin and cornstarch are examined at various mass fractions. The experiment is carried out in a low temperature bath of -7°C inside which the PCM sample is kept spherically encapsulated for uniform distribution. The behaviour and effect of addition of the nucleating agents are compared. The analysis showed that the subcooling of di-water was substantially reduced and its crystallisation occurs at a faster rate. It is concluded that faster crystallisation and reduction in subcooling can help increase the efficiency of a cool thermal energy system and can be applied to any commercial system in the society to help alleviate the electrical load.
Experimental characterization of a Sensible Heat Thermal Energy Storage using pebbles for charging
Authors: Sharma P , Kshetrimayum C , Faruqui T A , Chauhan A , Kumar P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In today’s world, where reduction in the carbon footprints is emphasised, people are looking for alternative source of energies for power production and heat treatment of metals and alloys. One such alternative source is solar energy but due to intermittent nature a thermal energy storage (TES) is required in order to deal with heat flux that varies throughout the day so as to supply a constant power. In the present study, the characterization of the sensible heat thermal energy storage (SHTES) packed with sensible heat storage material are considered. The size of pebbles varies between 20-25mm with porosity of the SHTES as 40%. The flow rate is 40 LPM and TES was charged for 8 hours. It has been noticed that when the temperature of the inlet air is around 180°C, the temperature of the top surface of the TES is around 70°C which states that for TES high thermal conductivity materials are required so that charging and discharging can take place at faster rate. The azimuthal and axial variation of temperature is also shown and it is concluded that even after low thermal conductivity of the material azimuthal variation can be neglected for the sake of modeling the TES.
Effect of surfactants on solidification characteristics of DI water based PCM for Cold Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Saboo Abhinav , Ansari Mohd Tauseef , Vijayan Vivek , Sundaram P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cold Thermal Energy Storage is an upcoming need for sustainable energy consumption and storage. It finds application in wide variety of energy need in the sub-zero temperature zone. This work aims to study the effect of various surfactants on solidification characteristics of spherically encapsulated DI water with different surfactants. A constant temperature bath at -7°C is used to charge spherical encapsulated PCM using VCR system. Tween 80, Gum Arabic (also known as Gum Acacia) and PVP K30 are selected as surfactants and samples are prepared at various concentrations. To check the feasibility of the sample for thermal energy storage application its thermal properties are determined. Tween 80 and Gum Arabic showed no super cooling and subsequent reduction in super cooling was observed in case of PVP.