bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central retinal artery occlusion combined with posterior ciliary artery occlusion after preoperative embolization of the middle meningeal artery for intracranial meningioma
Authors: Feng Kathy Ming , Liang Chang-Min , Pao Shu-I 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Preoperative embolization of brain tumors has been widely used to minimize hemorrhaging during surgery, but anastomosis between vessels is sometimes overlooked and complications can occur. Herein we describe a case of rare complications of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and posterior ciliary artery occlusion after embolization of the middle meningeal artery.

Patient concerns:
A 48-year-old woman experienced acute, painless loss of vision in her left eye during embolization of the middle meningeal artery for meningioma.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed with CRAO and posterior ciliary artery occlusion based on indirect ophthalmoscopy, optical computed tomography of the macula, and fundus angiography.

Interventions:
Ocular massage, oral acetazolamide, and topical brimonidine eyedrops were administered.

Outcomes:
Visual acuity decreased from hand motion to no light perception within 2 months. Optic disc atrophy with retinal thinning was evident after 2 to 4 months.

Lessons:
The blood supply and any collateral vessels of the ophthalmic artery should be vigilantly scrutinized to prevent complications during embolization of the middle meningeal artery that may lead to a poor visual outcome.
Comprehensive rehabilitation in a patient with corpus callosum syndrome after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wu Xiao-li , Liu Li-xu , Yang Ling-yu , Zhang Tong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Corpus callosum syndrome is a rare consequence of traumatic brain injuries. We provide a case of a patient with typical corpus callosum syndrome following a traumatic brain injury, and demonstrate neural reorganization and significant neural regeneration after comprehensive rehabilitation, using diffusion tensor imaging fiber bundle tracking.

Patient concerns:
We found typical clinical manifestations of damage to the corpus callosum.

Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes:
We diagnosed a Traumatic Brain Injury (diffuse axonal injury and rupture of corpus callosum). The patient underwent a comprehensive multifaceted rehabilitation program including drug therapy, integrated physical therapy, occupational therapy, acupuncture, music therapy, computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation training, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. This rehabilitation program resulted in greatly improved physical and communication ability.

Lessons:
Comprehensive rehabilitation can significantly improve the function of patients with corpus callosum syndrome and may cause neural remodeling, as seen on diffusion tensor imaging.
A Novel Standard for Systematic Reporting of Neuroblastoma Surgery: The International Neuroblastoma Surgical Report Form (INSRF)
Authors: Matthyssens Lucas E. , Nuchtern Jed G. , Van De Ven Cees P. , Gabra Hany O. S. , Bjornland Kristin , Irtan Sabine , Stenman Jakob , Pio Luca , Cross Kate M. , Avanzini Stefano , Inserra Alessandro , Chacon Javier Gomez , Dall’igna Patrizia , Von Schweinitz Dietrich , Holmes Keith , Fuchs Jorg , Squire Roly , Valteau-Couanet Dominique , Park Julie R. , Eggert Angelika , Losty Paul D. , La Quaglia Michael P. , Sarnacki Sabine ,   on behalf of the Surgical and Medical Committees of SIOPEN∗, COG∗∗ and GPOH∗∗∗
Published: July 2020

Objective:
To create the first structured surgical report form for NBL with international consensus, to permit standardized documentation of all NBL-related surgical procedures and their outcomes.

Summary of Background Data:
NBL, the most common extracranial solid malignant tumor in children, covers a wide spectrum of tumors with significant differences in anatomical localization, organ or vessel involvement, and tumor biology. Complete surgical resection of the primary tumor is an important part of NBL treatment, but maybe hazardous, prone to complications and its role in high-risk disease remains debated. Various surgical guidelines exist within the protocols of the different cooperative groups, although there is no standardized operative report form to document the surgical treatment of NBL.

Methods:
After analyzing the treatment protocols of the SIOP Europe International Neuroblastoma Study Group, Children's Oncology Group, and Gesellschaft fuer Paediatrische Onkologie und Haematologie – German Association of Pediatric Oncology and Haematology pediatric cooperative groups, important variables were defined to completely describe surgical biopsy and resection of NBL and their outcomes. All variables were discussed within the Surgical Committees of SIOP Europe International Neuroblastoma Study Group, Children's Oncology Group, and Gesellschaft fuer Paediatrische Onkologie und Haematologie – German Association of Pediatric Oncology and Haematology. Thereafter, joint meetings were organized to obtain intercontinental consensus.

Results:
The “International Neuroblastoma Surgical Report Form” provides a structured reporting tool for all NBL surgery, in every anatomical region, documenting all Image Defined Risk Factors and structures involved, with obligatory reporting of intraoperative and 30 day-postoperative complications.

Conclusion:
The International Neuroblastoma Surgical Report Form is the first universal form for the structured and uniform reporting of NBL-related surgical procedures and their outcomes, aiming to facilitate the postoperative communication, treatment planning and analysis of surgical treatment of NBL.
Ultrastructure of exospore formation inStreptomycesrevealed by cryo-electron tomography
Authors: Sexton Danielle L. , Tocheva Elitza I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany bacteria form spores in response to adverse environmental conditions. Several sporulation pathways have evolved independently and occur through distinctive mechanisms. Here, using cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), we examine all stages of growth and exospore formation in the model organismStreptomyces albus. Our data reveal the native ultrastructure of vegetative hyphae, including the polarisome and filaments of ParA or FilP. In addition, we observed septal junctions in vegetative septa, likely involved in effector translocation between neighbouring cells. During sporulation, the cell envelope undergoes dramatic remodeling, including the formation of a spore cortex and two protective proteinaceous layers. Mature spores reveal the presence of a continuous spore coat and an irregular rodlet sheet. Together, these results provide an unprecedented examination of the ultrastructure inStreptomycesand further our understanding of the structural complexity of exospore formation.
Protocol for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Acquisition, Quality Assurance, and Quality Check for the Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders using Stem Cells
Authors: Parekh Pravesh , Bhalerao Gaurav Vivek , Rao Rashmi , Sreeraj Vanteemar S. , Holla Bharath , Saini Jitender , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , John John P. , Jain Sanjeev ,   ADBS consortium
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders using Stem Cells (ADBS) is a longitudinal study focused on collecting and analysing clinical, neuropsychological, neurophysiological, and multimodal neuroimaging data from five cohorts of patients with major psychiatric disorders from genetically high-risk families, their unaffected first-degree relatives, and healthy subjects. Here, we present a complete description of the acquisition of multimodal MRI data along with the quality assurance (QA) and quality check (QC) procedures that we are following in this study.MethodsThe QA procedure consists of monitoring of different quantitative measurements using an agar gel and a geometrical phantom. For the already acquired data from human subjects, we describe QC steps for each imaging modality. To quantify reliability of outcome measurements, we perform test-retest reliability on human volunteers.ResultsWe have presented results from analysis of phantom data and test-retest reliability on a human volunteer. Results show consistency in data acquisition and reliable quantification of different outcome measurements.ConclusionThe acquisition protocol and QA-QC procedures described here can yield consistent and reliable outcome measures. We hope to acquire and eventually release high quality longitudinal neuroimaging dataset that will serve the scientific community and pave the way for interesting discoveries.
Regulation of the one carbon folate cycle as a shared metabolic signature of longevity
Authors: Annibal Andrea , Tharyan Rebecca George , Schonewolff Maribel Fides , Tam Hannah , Latza Christian , Auler Markus Max Karl , Antebi Adam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe metabolome represents a complex network of biological events that reflects the physiologic state of the organism in heath and disease. Additionally, specific metabolites and metabolic signaling pathways have been shown to modulate animal ageing, but whether there are convergent mechanisms uniting these processes remains elusive. Here, we used high resolution mass spectrometry to obtain the metabolomic profiles of canonical longevity pathways inC. elegansand identify metabolites regulating life span. By leveraging the metabolomic profiles across pathways, we found that one carbon metabolism and the folate cycle were pervasively regulated in common. We observed similar changes in long lived mouse models of reduced insulin/IGF signaling. Genetic manipulation of pathway enzymes and supplementation with one carbon metabolites reveal that regulation of the folate cycle represents a shared causal mechanism of longevity and proteoprotection.
Understanding the Functional Properties of Lipid Heterogeneity in Pulmonary Surfactant Monolayers at the Atomistic Level
Authors: Liekkinen Juho , de Santos Moreno Berta , Paananen Riku O. , Vattulainen Ilpo , Monticelli Luca , de la Serna Jorge Bernardino , Javanainen Matti 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins lining the interior of the alveoli, and constitutes the first barrier to both oxygen and pathogens as they progress toward blood circulation. Despite decades of study, the behavior of the pulmonary surfactant is poorly understood on the molecular scale, which hinders the development of effective surfactant replacement therapies, useful in the treatment of several lung-related diseases. In this work, we combined all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, Langmuir trough measurements, and AFM imaging to study synthetic four-component lipid monolayers designed to model protein-free pulmonary surfactant. We characterized the structural and dynamic properties of the monolayers with a special focus on lateral heterogeneity. Remarkably, simulations reproduce almost quantitatively the experimental data on pressure–area isotherms and the presence of lateral heterogeneities highlighted by AFM. Quite surprisingly, the pressure–area isotherms do not show a plateau region, despite the presence of liquid-condensed nanometer–sized domains at surface pressures larger than 20 mN/m. In the simulations, the domains were small and transient, but they did not coalesce to yield a separate phase. The liquid–condensed domains were only slightly enriched in DPPC and cholesterol, and their chemical composition remained very similar to the overall composition of the monolayer membrane. Instead, they differed from liquid-expanded regions in terms of membrane thickness (in agreement with AFM data), diffusion rates, acyl chain packing, and orientation. We hypothesize that such lateral heterogeneities are crucial for lung surfactant function, as they allow both efficient packing, to achieve low surface tension, and sufficient fluidity, critical for rapid adsorption to the air–liquid interface during the breathing cycle.
Evidence of selection, adaptation and untapped diversity in Vietnamese rice landraces
Authors: Higgins Janet , Santos Bruno , Khanh Tran Dang , Trung Khuat Huu , Duong Tran Duy , Doai Nguyen Thi Phuong , Khoa Nguyen Truong , Ha Dang Thi Thanh , Diep Nguyen Thuy , Dung Kieu Thi , Phi Cong Nguyen , Thuy Tran Thi , Tuan Nguyen Thanh , Tran Hoang Dung , Trung Nguyen Thanh , Giang Hoang Thi , Nhung Ta Kim , Tran Cuong Duy , Lang Son Vi , Nghia La Tuan , Giang Nguyen Van , Xuan Tran Dang , Hall Anthony , Dyer Sarah , Ham Le Huy , Caccamo Mario , Vega Jose De 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVietnam possesses a vast diversity of rice landraces due to its geographical situation, latitudinal range, and a variety of ecosystems. This genetic diversity constitutes a highly valuable resource at a time when the highest rice production areas in the low-lying Mekong and Red River Deltas are enduring increasing threats from climate changes, particularly in rainfall and temperature patterns.We analysed 672 Vietnamese rice genomes, 616 newly sequenced, that encompass the range of rice varieties grown in the diverse ecosystems found throughout Vietnam. We described four Japonica and five Indica subpopulations within Vietnam likely adapted to the region of origin. We compared the population structure and genetic diversity of these Vietnamese rice genomes to the 3,000 genomes of Asian cultivated rice. The named Indica-5 (I5) subpopulation was expanded in Vietnam and contained lowland Indica accessions, which had with very low shared ancestry with accessions from any other subpopulation and were previously overlooked as admixtures. We scored phenotypic measurements for nineteen traits and identified 453 unique genotype-phenotype significant associations comprising twenty-one QTLs (quantitative trait loci). The strongest associations were observed for grain size traits, while weaker associations were observed for a range of characteristics, including panicle length, heading date and leaf width. We identified genomic regions selected in both Indica and Japonica subtypes during the breeding of these subpopulations within Vietnam and discuss in detail fifty-two selected regions in I5, which constitute an untapped resource of cultivated rice diversity.Our results highlight traits and their associated genomic regions, which were identified by fine phenotyping and data integration. These are a potential source of novel loci and alleles to breed a new generation of sustainable and resilient rice.
The Broken Window: An algorithm for quantifying and characterizing misleading trajectories in ecological processes
Authors: Bahlai Christie A. , White Easton R. , Perrone Julia D. , Cusser Sarah , Whitney Kaitlin Stack 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA core issue in temporal ecology is the concept of trajectory—that is, when can ecologists have reasonable assurance that they know where a system is going? In this paper, we describe anon-random resamplingmethod to directly address the temporal aspects of scaling ecological observations by leveraging existing data. Findings from long-term research sites have been hugely influential in ecology because of their unprecedented longitudinal perspective, yet short-term studies more consistent with typical grant cycles and graduate programs are still the norm. We use long-term insights to create ‘broken windows,’ that is, reanalyze long-term studies from short-term observational perspectives to examine discontinuities in trends at differing temporal scales.The broken window algorithm connects our observations between the short-term and the long-term with an automated, systematic resampling approach: in short, we repeatedly ‘sample’ moving windows of data from existing long-term time series, and analyze these sampled data as if they represented the entire dataset. We then compile typical statistics used to describe the relationship in the sampled data, through repeated samplings, and then use these derived data to gain insights to the questions: 1)how often are the trends observed in short-term data misleading, and2)can characteristics of these trends be used to predict our likelihood of being misled?We develop a systematic resampling approach, the ‘broken_window algorithm, and illustrate its utility with a case study of firefly observations produced at the Kellogg Biological Station Long-Term Ecological Research Site (KBS LTER). Through a variety of visualizations, summary statistics, and downstream analyses, we provide a standardized approach to evaluating the trajectory of a system, the amount of observation required to find a meaningful trajectory in similar systems, and a means of evaluating our confidence in our conclusions.HighlightsTrends identified in short-term ecology studies can be misleading.Non-random resampling can show how prone different systems are to misleading trendsThe Broken Window algorithm is a new tool to help synthesize temporal dataThis tool helps to understand how much data is needed for forecasting to be reliable It can also be used to quantify how likely it is that an observed trend is spurious.
B cells and HSV-specific antibodies respond to HSV-2 reactivation in skin
Authors: Ford Emily S. , Sholukh Anton M. , Boytz RuthMabel , Carmack Savanna S. , Klock Alexis , Phasouk Khamsone , Shao Jason , Rossenkhan Raabya , Edlefsen Paul T. , Peng Tao , Johnston Christine , Wald Anna , Zhu Jia , Corey Lawrence 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTissue-based T cells increasingly have been shown to be important effectors in the control and prevention of mucosal viral infections – less is known about tissue-based B cells. We demonstrate that B cells and antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) are present in skin biopsies of persons with symptomatic HSV-2 reactivation. CD20+B cells are observed in inflammatory infiltrates at greatest density at the time of symptomatic reactivation; HSV-2-specific antibodies to HSV-2 surface antigens are also detected. The concentrations of HSV-2-specific antibodies in tissue biopsies vary over the course of HSV-2 reactivation and healing, unlike serum where concentrations remain static over time. B cells and HSV-specific antibody were rarely present in biopsies of unaffected skin. Investigation of serial biopsies over the course of lesion healing suggests that B cells follow a more migratory than resident pattern of infiltration in HSV-affected genital skin, in contrast to T cells. Together, these observations may suggest a functional and distinct role of tissue-based B cells in the local immune response to HSV-2.
The Toll-Like Receptor 5 agonist flagellin preventsNon-typeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced exacerbations in cigarette smoke-exposed mice
Authors: Pérez-Cruz Magdiel , Koné Bachirou , Porte Rémi , Carnoy Christophe , Tabareau Julien , Gosset Pierre , Trottein François , Sirard Jean-Claude , Pichavant Muriel , Gosset Philippe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The major bacterial cause of COPD exacerbations is non-typeableHaemophilus influenzae(NTHi). This susceptibility to infection involves a defective production of interleukin (IL)-22 which plays an important role in mucosal defense. Prophylactic administration of flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist, protects healthy mice against respiratory pathogenic bacteria. We hypothesized that TLR5-mediated stimulation of lung immunity might prevent COPD exacerbations due to NTHi. Mice were chronically exposed to cigarette smoke and then infected with NTHi. According our preventive or therapeutic protocol, flagellin was administered intraperitoneally. Cigarette smoke-exposed mice treated with flagellin showed a lower bacterial load in the airways, the lungs and the blood. This protection was associated with an early neutrophilia, a lower production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increased IL-22 production. Flagellin treatment decreased the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the lung damages related to exacerbation. Protective effect of flagellin against NTHi was altered by treatment with anti-IL-22 blocking antibodies in cigarette smoke-exposed mice and inIl22−/−mice. Flagellin treatment also amplified the production of the β-defensin2 anti-bacterial peptides. This study shows that stimulation of innate immunity by a TLR5 ligand is a potent antibacterial treatment in cigarette smoke exposed mice, suggesting innovative therapeutic strategies against acute exacerbation in COPD.
Plasma neurofilament light protein correlates with diffusion tensor imaging metrics in frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Nicola Spotorno , Olof Lindberg , Christer Nilsson , Maria Landqvist Waldö , Danielle van Westen , Karin Nilsson , Susanna Vestberg , Elisabet Englund , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Lätt Jimmy , Markus Nilsson , Lars-Olof Wahlund , Alexander Santillo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeurofilaments are structural components of neurons and are particularly abundant in highly myelinated axons. The levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma have been related to degeneration in several neurodegenerative conditions including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and NfL is currently considered as the most promising diagnostic and prognostic fluid biomarker in FTD. Although the location and function of filaments in the healthy nervous system suggests a link between increased NfL and white matter degeneration, such a claim has not been fully elucidatedin vivo, especially in the context of FTD. The present study provides evidence of an association between the plasma levels of NfL and white matter involvement in behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) by relating plasma concentration of NfL to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics in a group of 20 bvFTD patients. The results of both voxel-wise and tract specific analysis showed that increased plasma NfL concentration is associated with a reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) in a widespread set of white matter tracts including the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the fronto-occipital fasciculus the anterior thalamic radiation and the dorsal cingulum bundle. Plasma NfL concentration also correlated with cortical thinning in a portion of the right medial prefrontal cortex and of the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex. These results support the hypothesis that blood NfL levels reflect the global level of neurodegeneration in bvFTD and help to advance our understanding of the association between this blood biomarker for FTD and the disease process.