bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopy and the impalpable testes: diagnosis, treatment options and the literature
Authors: Najar Fayaz Ahmad , Makhdoomi Peer Hilal Ahmad , Rashid Tajamul , Bhat Suhail Nazir 
Published: July 2020

Background: Laparoscopy is the best available tool and method to manage impalpable undescended testes; management of the impalpable testis often pose a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to a surgeon. The aim of this work was to elucidate and present the sensitivity and the value of laparoscopy, as a surgeon’s tool, for the diagnosis and treatment of the impalpable testis.Methods: From November 2015 to December 2018, 56 patients with 60 impalpable testes were operated upon by laparoscopic approach by a single surgeon. One-stage Fowler-Stephens laparoscopic orchidopexy was performed in 14 cases, while two-stage Fowler-Stephens laparoscopic orchidopexy was performed in 16 cases and Vessel-Intact Laparoscopic Orchidopexy (VILO) was done in 22 cases. In 2 cases vessel and vas was entering through deep ring and inguinal orchidopexy was done. Blind ending vessel/vas was noticed in 4 cases (vanishing/absent testes). Laparoscopic orchidectomy was required in 2 patients for nubin. No case of disorder of sexual dysfunction was (DSD) was found.Results: Laparoscopy was successfully completed in all the cases. 34 testicles were impalpable on right side, 18 on left side and other 4 cases (8 testicles) were bilaterally impalpable. Laparoscopic orchidopexy was carried out for 36 testes at the same. 16 needed a staged procedure. Orchidectomy was done in 2 cases/testes. In 4 cases testes was absent/vanishing. In 2 cases testes was canalicular, standard inguinal orchidopexy was done. The mean operative time was 48 minutes. Patients were allowed oral fluids 6 hours of the operation and were discharged at one day after the procedure. None of the patients had wound infection. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 12 months. At follow-up, all but one of the testes were well down in the bottom of the scrotum. In one patient, the testis was in a high scrotal position. All testes were of normal size, no atrophy was seen so far and no malignant change is suspected in any case so far. No severe morbidity or death was observed in our study.Conclusions: Laparoscopy offers surgeons a safe and reliable diagnostic and therapeutic option to patients with impalpable testes. No other imaging investigation is required, if well versed with basic laparoscopy. Intra-abdominal dissection allows more testes to be brought down to the scrotum. Even when open orchidopexy is being done for intra-canalicular testes in a child, it is advisable to be ready with laparoscopy if necessary, at the same time, in case open surgery fails to mobilize the testicular vessels adequately. The procedure is best viewed as laparoscopy-assisted; as Orchidopexy has to be done in a conventional manner.
Frequency, causes, and findings of brain CT scans of neonatal seizure at Ardabil City Hospital, Ardabil, Iran
Authors: Ahmadabadi Farzad , Mirzarahimi Mehrdad , Ahadi Adel , Alizadeh Zahra 
Published: July 2020

Background: Neonatal seizures are the primary and most important signs of neurologic function disorders that often lead to serious complications. However, this disorder is predictable and manageable with suitable diagnostic and therapeutic methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, causes, and findings of brain CT scans of neonatal seizure.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study has been done on 70 neonates with seizures who hospitalized in Ardabil city hospital during 2016-2017. CT scans were done for all patients. Necessary information for each patient was recorded in a checklist including demographic data, history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and maternal endocrine disorders, and history of resuscitation and clinical data including type of seizure and its duration, Cause of seizure and CT scan findings (cerebral hemorrhage, local ischemic lesions, hypoxemic-ischemic encephalopathy, and anatomical cerebral malformations).Results: The mean age of neonates was 12.41±9.33 days. Of them, 61.4% were boys, 3.24% LBW and 40% were preterm at birth time. Of all neonates, 21.4% had history of seizure in their relative degree family members. Fever was the most common symptom accompanying seizures (40%). The most common form was tonic seizure (n=30, 42.9%) and its duration time was 4.99 minute. A total of 41.4% of neonates (29 cases) had abnormal CT scan reports. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (47%) was the most common findings in the CT scans of neonates with seizures.Conclusions: Results showed that, a considerable number of neonates had abnormal CT findings and the most common abnormal form was hypoxemic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Estimation of hemoglobin for screening of anemia in undergraduate students in Hyderabad city, India
Authors: Nasreen Syeda , Syeda Uzma N. , Unnisa Naseem 
Published: July 2020

Background: Anemia is a condition that is marked by low levels of hemoglobin in the blood. Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, and iron deficiency is estimated to be responsible for half of all anemia globally. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of anemia among undergraduate students of (17-21 years) in Hyderabad city, India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in different UG colleges in urban areas of Hyderabad for 3 months and a total 57 women participants were selected to volunteer study. All participants underwent screening using anthropometry with haemoglobin estimation using Sahli’s method. The 24-hour dietary recall was also recorded and analysed to assess the nutritional adequacy of the diet.Results: Prevalence rate of iron deficiency anemia was found to be 57.89 per cent, of the total 54.38 per cent were mild anemic and 3.51 percent were moderately anemic. Conclusions: Nutritional anaemia is one of the most preventable forms of anaemia if resources available individualize therapy focusing on the confluence of various causative factors should be implemented.
Optimizing telemedicine for providing obstetric and reproductive health care services during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sharmila Vijayan , Babu Thirunavukkarasu Arun , Balakrishnan Padmapriya 
Published: July 2020

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak was first declared in China in December 2019, and WHO declared the outbreak as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. A fast-rising number of confirmed cases has been observed in countries across all continents over the past few months. This pandemic is forcing government of nations to take strict measures such as complete lockdown and curfews to ensure that citizens stay at home, as a measure to contain the spread of infection. Health sector is facing challenges such as high demand for doctors, limited resources of personal protective equipment and challenges in providing in-person consultation due to fear of spread of infection. Telemedicine is making positive contribution to healthcare during this pandemic, as it caters to health care of people in wide geographical area without risk of acquiring COVID-19. Telemedicine is defined as the provision of health care services by health care professionals, using technology to exchange information. A broad range of obstetric and reproductive health services can be offered via telemedicine. Telemedicine can help pregnant women to maintain high quality of care during this pandemic without compromising on the perinatal outcome. It allows for constant interaction between patient and doctor throughout pregnancy, thereby ensuring that the goals of antenatal care are fulfilled, while limiting unnecessary travel and time away from work and family. This article mainly concentrates on the essential obstetric and reproductive health care services that can be provided by telemedicine during COVID-19 pandemic.
Challenges for social work Education in Vietnam: Voice of social work students
Authors: Kham Van Tran 
Published: July 2020

In the early 1990s, some academic institutions in Vietnam introduced the subject of social work into their curricula and began training students in related programs. The training was, however, not internally coherent, and social work education in Vietnam only really emerged in Vietnam in 2004, when the Ministry of Education and Training approved the national curriculum in the field. In 2010, the government of Vietnam recognized the urgent need for social work professionals to solve various social problems and build public welfare, democracy, and the socialist state. Since then, Vietnam’s social work education has developed rapidly. Currently there are around 55 universities and colleges at the national and provincial levels with active social work programs. But social work education in Vietnam faces many challenges. This paper gives voice to social work students on some of those challenges, including different layers of educators, licensing, materials, and practicum. The paper is based on a survey of, and interviews with, students from 17 universities in Vietnam, and includes concrete recommendations for improving the professional training of social work students.
Ekspresi MMP-1 dan TGF-β1 setelah aplikasi dentin bonding berbasis HEMA
Authors: Soetojo Adioro , Rahmah Mulia , Subiyanto Ari , Mudjiono Moch. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Dentin bonding adalah bahan untuk melekatkan resin komposit terhadap dentin. Komponen utama penyusun dentin bonding adalah 2-hydroxyethyl methacrilate (HEMA). Setelah polimerisasi, terdapat monomer sisa yang akan berdifusi ke dalam tubuli dentin sampai ke dalam pulpa yang dapat mempengaruhi sel odontoblas. Objective: Menganalisis ekspresi MMP-1 dan TGF-β1 pada dentin gigi tikus yang diberikan dentin bonding HEMA dan HEMA murni. Methods: Gigi molar pertama rahang atas tikus wistar dipreparasi klas 1 tanpa aplikasi bahan selama 3 hari (kelompok 1), kemudian diaplikasikan HEMA murni selama 3 hari (kelompok 2), dentin bonding HEMA selama 3 hari (kelompok 3). Kemudian gigi ditumpat dengan Fuji II LC. Tikus wistar di dekaputasi dan rahangnya direseksi pada hari ke 3 kemudian diproses untuk pemeriksaan histokimia. Result: Ekspresi MMP-1 pada penggunaan dentin bonding HEMA lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan HEMA murni, ekspresi TGF-β1 pada penggunaan dentin bonding lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan HEMA murni. Conclusion : Ada perbedaan bermakna pada ekspresi MMP-1 dan TGF-β1 antara penggunaan dentin bonding HEMA dibandingkan dengan HEMA murni
Knowledge and Awareness of Islamic Financial in Europe And America Countries
Authors: Ernawati Ernawati , Asri Mansyur 
Published: July 2020

<p><em>This study aims to determine the correlation between knowledge and awareness with industrial development, state religious status and state location. The data is sourced from secondary references of IFG-IFDI publication for the 2019 period on 42 countries in the European and American Continent. Data is processed through correlation analysis. The results show that Islamic financial knowledge correlates with the level of scientific awareness. Islamic financial knowledge and awareness of Islamic finance are positively correlated with the development of 4 (four) segments of Islamic finance, namely: Islamic banking, takaful, other Islamic finance, and sukuk; and does not correlate with the Islamic funds. The countries with a Muslim majority population will be more active in developing activities related to the Islamic financial industry. There other side, there is no significant correlation between knowledge and awareness of Islamic finance with the continet location of the country. The research findings recommend an inclusive awareness movement so that it unites the academic and the public aspects in Islamic financial campaigns.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>
The Effect Of Fe Tablet Consumption On Hemoglobin (Hb) Increase In Pregnant Women: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Cahya Skania Pratiwi , Dasuki Djaswadi , Utami Fitriana Siswi 
Published: July 2020

Anemia is still a problem in developing countries. The World Health Organization states that there are still more than 50 percent of women in the world suffering from anemia. anemia can cause life-threatening bleeding, miscarriage, low birth weight and premature birth. WHO defines anemia as a condition where the hemoglobin level is less than 11 mg / dL in the first and last trimester or 10.5 mg / dL in the second trimester or the hematocrit level is less than 37 percent. The study aim to determine the effect of Fe tablets consumption on hemoglobin (Hb) level increase in pregnant women and to find out the factors related to the compliance of pregnant women taking Fe tablets. This Systematic Literature Publication and Science uses databases with the period 2008-2018. The selection of articles was based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Appraisal study employed The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Taking Fe tablets is very influential in increasing levels of Hb in pregnant women who suffer from anemia. Effective iron supplements to reduce anemia in pregnancy. Support from family and closest people has an important role in increasing adherence to taking Fe tablets.
The value of hydrogen and methane breath test in predicting colorectal polyps
Authors: Zhang Xueyuan , Liu Xujuan , Xie Wenrui , Ding Wenjing , He Xingxiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the value of hydrogen and methane breath test in predicting colorectal polyps. Methods382 patients were enrolled in this study. They were divided into colorectal polyps group and Non polyps group as control. Hydrogen and methane breath test was used in both groups for small intestinal bacteria overgrowth (SIBO) diagnosis. All patients were examined by colonoscopy to investigate colorectal polyps. Diamine oxidase, D-lactate and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were measured in all patients to evaluate the intestinal barrier function.Results 1) The age of colorectal polys group is significantly higher than control group (P=0.000); the prevalence of colorectal polyps increases with age. 2) The prevalence of colorectal polys in male is significantly higher than female (P=0.004); 3) Lactuloses breath test (LBT) was used for small intestinal bacteria overgrowth (SIBO) diagnoses. Prevalence of hydrogen dominate SIBO and methane dominate SIBO in colorectal polys group were significantly higher than control group (P = 0.000, 0.013);4) The prevalence of constipation was higher in colorectal polys group than control group (P=0.023);5) The peoples who had high hydrogen production peoples showed less intestinal barrier function damage and lower LPS level than peoples who had low hydrogen production (P=0.029, 0.049);6) The sensitivity and specificity of SIBO is 75.5% and 51.0% respectively in SIBO diagnosis.ConclusionThe occurrence of colorectal polyp increase with age, the year 46 is a cut off age for peoples need colonoscopy examination. Male has a higher prevalence than female. Intestinal hydrogen may play a role in prevent intestinal mucosa damage via its antioxidant function. SIBO shows a positive relationship with colorectal polyp. Hydrogen and methane breath test is a useful mass prescreening method for colorectal polyp risk.
Simultaneous Oil Sono-Extraction And Sono-Transesterification (In Situ) Of Soybean And Sunflower Seeds For The Production Of Biodiesel
Authors: Dolores Reyman Díaz , Almudena Quiñones Grande 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The cost of biodiesel production could be reduced by applying a simultaneous oil extraction and transesterification process (in situ). In situ sono-transesterification to allow direct production of biodiesel from soybean and sunflower seeds are presented in this study. All experiments were conducted using ultrasound (20kHz, 106W). In the sunflower case, the results showed a higher yield of extraction (94%) for a 1/5 (g/mL) ratio and one minute of sonication. In the soybean case, the extraction process is less efficient, reaching only 59% of the oil contained in the seed for a soybean/n-hexane ratio of 1/10 (g/mL) and one minute of sonication. Parameters such as the methanol/oil ratio, reaction time and catalyst concentration in the in situ sono-transesterification process of these vegetable seeds were also optimised in this study. In both cases, a percentage of conversion to biodiesel greater than 99% was achieved with just one minute of sonication.
Evaluation of the Disease Burden of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease with the Surveillance Data from 2013 to 2017 in China
Authors: Gao Chen , Zhang Lina , Xiao Kang , Zhou Wei , Wang Yuan , Chen Cao , Shi Qi , Dong Xiao-Ping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (sCJD) is the commonest type of human prion disease and cause 100% fatality. The morbidity of sCJD is about 1 to 2 cases/million/year worldwide.Methods The disease burden of sCJD and the indirect economic burdens in China were evaluated based on the data of Chinese National CJD Surveillance from 2013 to 2017. Results The Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) of sCJD was measured with 753 probable sCJD patients. The total DALY of 753 sCJD cases in the past five surveillance years was 16202.62 person-years. The Years of Life Lost (YLL) was the predominant component for DALY reaching to more than 95%, while the Years Lost due to Disability (YLD) accounted for less than 5% only. The highest DALY was noticed in the group of 45-50 year-old (6541.49), followed by the groups of 60-69 year-old (6311.25). Furthermore, the indirect economic burdens of 753 sCJD patients were estimated with the official capital data. Total indirect economic burden for five years was 372.08 million RMB (1US $=6.9 RMB), with the average of 494,133 RMB per case. The patients aged 45-59 year-old were the predominant population that accounted for approximate 73% of total indirect economic burden. Although still lacking of the exact annual incidence of sCJD in China, the DALY intensity of sCJD in China could be estimated and predicted as 2.2 to 4.4 person-years /100,000 with the global morbidity of sCJD. Conclusion This is the first disease burden assay for sCJD in China, which will supply fundamental evidence for further development of medical strategy.
Gene Regulation Network and prognosis analyses of PCK1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ma Hongbin , Li Yong , Gong Xiaomei , Yang Liang , Feng Feiling 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The cytoplasmic isoform of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis. Mounting studies have shown that PCK1 plays a key role in human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, the mRNA expression, the prognostic value and the gene networks of PCK1 in HCC were investigated.Methods: Expression analysis of PCK1 in HCC was obtained from Oncomine, UALCAN, Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and HCC samples. Prognostic value related to PCK1 expression in HCC patients were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier Plotter. The function effects were analyzed by constructing xenograft tumor mice. Gene functional enrichment was performed via LinkedOmics and GeneMANIA.Results: PCK1 expression at mRNA level and protein level was both downregulated in liver cancer tissues compared with normal liver tissues. The decreased expression of PCK1 at protein level was also validated in collected HCC samples. What’s more, PCK1 expression was negatively associated with cancer stages, tumor grades and metastasis nodal of HCC. Meanwhile, decreased mRNA expression of PCK1 was associated with poor overall survival of HCC patients. Furthermore, PCK1 overexpression in xenograft tumor of nude mice repressed hepatoma tumor growth and made hepatoma mice survive longer. Next, enrichment and functional interaction analysis of PCK1 in HCC by using LinkedOmics and GeneMANIA suggested that PCK1 and neighbor genes were involved in the spliceosome, cell cycle, DNA replication pathways.Conclusions: In sum, our results reveal the PCK1 expression patterns, the potential prognosis value and predicted functional network in HCC, which illuminates the key role of PCK1 in HCC development.
Reconfigurable all-dielectric metalens with diffraction-limited performance
Authors: Shalaginov Mikhail , An Sensong , Zhang Yifei , Yang Fan , Su Peter , Liberman Vladimir , Chou Jeffrey , Roberts Christopher , Kang Myungkoo , Ríos Carlos , Du Qingyang , Fowler Clayton , Agarwal Anu , Richardson Kathleen , Rivero-Baleine Clara , Zhang Hualiang , Hu Juejun , Gu Tian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Active metasurfaces, whose optical properties can be modulated post-fabrication, have emerged as an intensively explored field in recent years. The efforts to date, however, still face major performance limitations in tuning range, optical quality, and efficiency especially for non mechanical actuation mechanisms. In this paper, we introduce an active metasurface platform combining phase tuning covering the full 2π range and diffraction-limited performance using an all-dielectric, low-loss architecture based on optical phase change materials (O-PCMs). We present a generic design principle enabling binary switching of metasurfaces between arbitrary phase profiles and propose a new figure-of-merit tailored for active meta-optics. We implement the approach to realize a high-performance varifocal metalens operating at 5.2 μm wavelength. The metalens is constructed using Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST), an O-PCM with a large refractive index contrast (Δn > 1) and unique broadband low-loss characteristics in both amorphous and crystalline states. The reconfigurable metalens features focusing efficiencies above 20% at both states for linearly polarized light and a record large switching contrast ratio of 29.5 dB. We further validate aberration-free and multi-depth imaging using the metalens, which represents the first experimental demonstration of a non-mechanical active metalens with diffraction-limited performance.
Relationship Of A Community Physical Activity Program With The Number Of Antihypertensive Drugs Used By Elderly Women With Arterial Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa de , Santos Rafaela Gomes dos , Gomes Ariádny Brandão , Santos Douglas de Assis Teles , Andrade Marilia Santos , Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros , Knechtle Beat , Rosemann Thomas , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Physical activity is an important tool to manage systemic arterial hypertension. However, less is known about the relationship of physical activity with the number of antihypertensive drugs used by older adults. The aim of this study was to compare the number of antihypertensive drugs used by older female adults (aged ≥ 60 years) with a low level of physical activity with the number used by those with a high level of physical activity, and to verify how many participants used more than two antihypertensive drugs. The habitual level of physical activity was evaluated by the Baecke questionnaireMethods: Twenty-eight physically active older women with systemic arterial hypertension who participated in a physical activity program for community-dwelling older female adults were divided into two groups: participants who presented lower habitual physical activity levels were placed in group 1 and participants that presented higher habitual physical activity levels were placed in group 2, according to the Baecke questionnaire. In addition, the number of antihypertensive drugs used by participants was collected.Results: The number of prescribed antihypertensive tablets was 2.0 (median) for both groups investigated. There was no significant difference between groups regarding the number of antihypertensive tablets prescribed (p>0.05). There was no statistical difference in proportion of participants from the lower physical activity group used more than two antihypertensive drugs.Conclusions: The level of habitual physical activity did not affect the number of antihypertensive tablets used by hypertensive elderly women.