bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The European Universities Initiative: A Study of Alliance Formation in Higher Education
Authors: Gunn Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter explores the origins, rationales and design of the European Universities Initiative (EUI), a new scheme to create a series of multilateral university alliances. The idea of creating a supranational university can be traced back to the beginnings of the European political project in the late 1940s, but despite various endeavours, this ambition remained unfulfilled. The chapter places the EUI within this long-running debate and focuses on the period following French President Macron’s 2017 Sorbonne speech which advocated a new network of universities. This provided the impetus to reignite the supranational university debate and subsequently resulted in the launch of the EUI pilot phase. The chapter explains why the EUI succeeded where previous attempts at a European university over the preceding 70 years had stalled. The analysis finds the EUI to be a novel form of alliance formation which can be viewed as a ‘network of networks’. Considering the design of the EUI, how the alliances have the potential to generate collaborative advantage for their members is considered, which also identifies some of the challenges that lie ahead for the scheme.
Toward a Permanent Bologna Secretariat?
Authors: Bergan Sjur , Geanta Irina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe question of a permanent Bologna Secretariat has been raised both within and outside of the BFUG, mostly after the 2015 Ministerial conference and as an element of the discussion of “the EHEA after 2020”. So far, discussions have mainly identified a number of obstacles. The article explores both political and practical aspects of establishing a more permanent Bologna Secretariat. Politically, whatever structure is chosen for the Secretariat needs to enable Ministers, the BFUG, and other key actors to develop and implement their priorities for the EHEA for the next period, realistically 2023–2030, since a permanent Secretariat cannot be established already from 2020. The organization of the Secretariat will have a clear impact on the shape of the EHEA and its policy making bodies and structures. The paper outlines the key tasks for the Secretariat, its formal status and considerations for deciding on its location; financial, staff; governance issues; and relations between the Secretariat and the authorities of the country hosting it as well as with those of the countries hosting Ministerial conferences.While the paper does not argue that a “permanent” Bologna Secretariat is the only possibility, it does explore and propose solutions to key obstacles and demonstrates that if it is judged politically desirable to establish more permanent Secretariat, it is practically possible to do so. The paper also lays a solid basis for developing such a Secretariat”.
Fostering Digital Skills and Competencies Through Discursive Mapping of Information Landscapes
Authors: Whitworth Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe digitisation of society produces a need to foster new skills and competencies in learners. But where digital and information literacy competencies are addressed in higher education (HE), this is typically in ways that orient the learner to practices expected in the academic setting, or what Lloyd (2010) calls the “epistemic modality”. However, to become expert users of digital information outside HE, learners must also be introduced to social and corporeal (practice-based) modalities. This requires learners to gain experience with selecting tools and configuring their landscape, or what Wenger et al. (2009) call stewarding. This paper reports on research conducted on a number of small groups of learners as they worked in an innovative assessment environment that developed their stewarding capacity. Through content analysis of online discussions, students can be seen employing discursive mapping techniques as they learn to configure their landscapes. This paper has implications for assessment design for digital skills as outlined in the EU’s Digital Competency Framework.
Drivers for Internationalization in Georgian Higher Education
Authors: Nastase Pusa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInternationalization of higher education has been on the rise almost everywhere in Europe for the past two decades, from countries like the United Kingdom that have put higher education at the heart of their export strategy (An overview of the higher education exports and their value to the United Kingdom economy is provided by the debate on 19 July 2018 in the House of Lords available at https://lordslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/lln-2018-0079/.) to countries in Eastern Europe which are relatively active in student mobility but less internationalized in other areas (faculty profiles, research outputs, institutional expansion abroad). However, as a result of many factors, including an unprecedented number of European students benefitting from free and quality higher education available in other countries, and the strengthening of economic nationalism, we see a refocus in internationalization in many Western countries. This study investigates the drivers of internationalization in Georgian universities. Data was collected through interviews with Georgian ministry officials, heads of governmental agencies, rectors and faculty from Georgian universities in addition to documents and web sites analysis. This study presents an insight into national, institutional and individual drivers for internationalization in Georgia and the challenges experienced.
Integration Policy for Syrian Refugees’ Access to Turkish Higher Education: Inclusive Enough?
Authors: Ergin Hakan , Wit Hans de 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOpening its door to 3.6 million Syrians, Turkey is host to the largest refugee population today (UNHCR 2020). In addition to providing them with humanitarian aid, Turkey has made academic and financial reforms to enhance Syrian refugees‘ access to higher education (Ergin and de Wit 2019). Thanks to these reforms, over 27,034 Syrian refugees accessed Turkish universities as of the end of 2019 (CoHE 2020). Appreciating this humanitarian effort of an emerging country without abundant resources, this study questions how the government policy of enhancing Syrian refugees‘ access to Turkish universities could be more inclusive. In this respect, using available official statistics of current Syrian students in Turkish higher education, this study reveals which Syrian refugees have accessed higher education in Turkey and what should be done to enhance the access of other Syrian refugees who are left behind there.
Inclusive semileptonic Λb decays in the Standard Model and beyond
Authors: Colangelo P. , De Fazio F. , Loparco F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Inclusive semileptonic decays of beauty baryons are studied using the heavy quark expansion to $$ \mathcal{O}\left(1/{m}_b^3\right) $$
O

1
/

m
b
3

, at leading order in αs. The case of a polarized decaying baryon is examined, with reference to Λb. An extension of the Standard Model effective Hamiltonian inducing b → $$ U\mathrm{\ell}{\overline{\nu}}_{\mathrm{\ell}} $$
U
ℓ

ν
¯

ℓ

transitions (U = u, c and ℓ = e, μ, τ) is considered, which comprises the full set of D=6 semileptonic operators with left-handed neutrinos. The effects of the new operators in several observables are described.
Migdal effect and photon Bremsstrahlung: improving the sensitivity to light dark matter of liquid argon experiments
Authors: di Cortona G. Grilli , Messina A. , Piacentini S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The search for dark matter weakly interacting massive particles with noble liquids has probed masses down and below a GeV/c2. The ultimate limit is represented by the experimental threshold on the energy transfer to the nuclear recoil. Currently, the experimental sensitivity has reached a threshold equivalent to a few ionization electrons. In these conditions, the contribution of a Bremsstrahlung photon or a so-called Migdal electron due to the sudden acceleration of a nucleus after a collision might be sizable. In the present work, we use a Bayesian approach to study how these effects can be exploited in experiments based on liquid argon detectors. In particular, taking inspiration from the DarkSide-50 public spectra, we develop a simulated experiment to show how the Migdal electron and the Bremsstrahlung photon allow to push the experimental sensitivity down to masses of 0.1 GeV/c2, extending the search region for dark matter particles of previous results. For these masses we estimate the effect of the Earth shielding that, for strongly interacting dark matter, makes any detector blind. Finally, we show how the sensitivity scales for higher exposure.
RIP $$ Hb\overline{b} $$: how other Higgs production modes conspire to kill a rare signal at the LHC
Authors: Pagani Davide , Shao Hua-Sheng , Zaro Marco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe hadroproduction of a Higgs boson in association with a bottom-quark pair ($$ Hb\overline{b} $$Hbb¯) is commonly considered as the key process for directly probing the Yukawa interaction between the Higgs boson and the bottom quark (yb). However, in the Standard-Model (SM) this process is also known to suffer from very large irreducible backgrounds from other Higgs production channels, notably gluon-fusion (ggF). In this paper we calculate for the first time the so-called QCD and electroweak complete-NLO predictions for$$ Hb\overline{b} $$Hbb¯production, using the four-flavour scheme. Our calculation shows that not only theggF but also theZHand even the vector-boson-fusion channels are sizeable irreducible backgrounds. Moreover, we demonstrate that, at the LHC, the rates of these backgrounds are very large with respect to the “genuine” andyb-dependent$$ Hb\overline{b} $$Hbb¯production mode. In particular, no suppression occurs at the differential level and therefore backgrounds survive typical analysis cuts. This fact further jeopardises the chances of measuring at the LHC theyb-dependent component of$$ Hb\overline{b} $$Hbb¯production in the SM. Especially, unlessybis significantly enlarged by new physics, even for beyond-the SM scenarios the direct determination ofybvia this process seems to be hopeless at the LHC.
Regge OPE blocks and light-ray operators
Authors: Kobayashi Nozomu , Nishioka Tatsuma , Okuyama Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider the structure of the operator product expansion (OPE) in conformal field theory by employing the OPE block formalism. The OPE block acted on the vacuum is promoted to an operator and its implications are examined on a non-vacuum state. We demonstrate that the OPE block is dominated by a light-ray operator in the Regge limit, which reproduces precisely the Regge behavior of conformal blocks when used inside scalar four-point functions. Motivated by this observation, we propose a new form of the OPE block, called the light-ray channel OPE block that has a well-behaved expansion dominated by a light-ray operator in the Regge limit. We also show that the two OPE blocks have the same asymptotic form in the Regge limit and confirm the assertion that the Regge limit of a pair of spacelike-separated operators in a Minkowski patch is equivalent to the OPE limit of a pair of timelike-separated operators associated with the original pair in a different Minkowski patch.
Impact of robot antenna calibration on dual-frequency smartphone-based high-accuracy positioning: a case study using the Huawei Mate20X
Authors: Darugna Francesco , Wübbena Jannes B. , Wübbena Gerhard , Schmitz Martin , Schön Steffen , Warneke André 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe access to Android-based Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) raw measurements has become a strong motivation to investigate the feasibility of smartphone-based positioning. Since the beginning of this research, the smartphone GNSS antenna has been recognized as one of the main limitations. Besides multipath (MP), the radiation pattern of the antenna is the main site-dependent error source of GNSS observations. An absolute antenna calibration has been performed for the dual-frequency Huawei Mate20X. Antenna phase center offset (PCO) and variations (PCV) have been estimated to correct for antenna impact on the L1 and L5 phase observations. Accordingly, we show the relevance of considering the individual PCO and PCV for the two frequencies. The PCV patterns indicate absolute values up to 2 cm and 4 cm for L1 and L5, respectively. The impact of antenna corrections has been assessed in different multipath environments using a high-accuracy positioning algorithm employing an undifferenced observation model and applying ambiguity resolution. Successful ambiguity resolution is shown for a smartphone placed in a low multipath environment on the ground of a soccer field. For a rooftop open-sky test case with large multipath, ambiguity resolution was successful in 19 out of 35 data sets. Overall, the antenna calibration is demonstrated being an asset for smartphone-based positioning with ambiguity resolution, showing cm-level 2D root mean square error (RMSE).
The effect of a thrips resistance QTL in different Capsicum backgrounds
Authors: van Haperen Pauline , Voorrips Roeland E. , Lucatti Alejandro F. , Schellart Wijnand , van Loon Joop J. A. , Vosman Ben 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThrips are a worldwide threat to Capsicum because they damage fruits, flowers and leaves directly by feeding, and indirectly by vectoring tospoviruses such as tomato spotted wilt virus. Therefore, growers would benefit from thrips-resistant varieties. Previously, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) that provides resistance to Frankliniella occidentalis has been identified. Here we explore the potential of this QTL for breeding thrips-resistant varieties by studying its effect on two thrips species (i.e. F. occidentalis and Thrips tabaci) in four different Capsicum annuum backgrounds. We observed differences in thrips resistance between different genetic backgrounds, both in plants that have the resistance allele for the QTL region in homozygous state as well as in plants with the susceptibility allele in homozygous state. This suggests the presence of factors in these backgrounds that either increase or reduce thrips resistance. Altogether, we confirmed the major effect of the QTL on thrips resistance in all four genetic backgrounds to both F. occidentalis and T. tabaci, thus showing its general applicability as a source for breeding thrips-resistant Capsicum varieties.
Socioeconomic Factors Determining Extraction of Non-timber Forest Products on the Slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Mushi Hawa , Yanda Pius Z. , Kleyer Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNon-timber forest products (NTFPs) from natural forests in sub-Saharan Africa provide significant benefits to rural communities. In this study conducted on the foothills of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, we assumed that the extraction of NTFPs by local communities is related to sex, income, age, household size, and distance from the forest. We interviewed 313 household heads from six villages. We employed a logistic regression with a logit link to test the significance among the variables. Younger females of larger households with lower income and less cultivated land cut fodder and collected firewood more frequently than other villagers. Firewood collection frequency decreased with increasing distance from village to forest whereas fodder collection frequency increased. Men collected medicinal plants more frequently than younger women and if the distance from the village was greater. For firewood and fodder extraction, inter-village variation was greater than intra-village variation, suggesting that differences in access to infrastructure and alternative fodder sites also strongly determined NTFP extraction. Our results contribute to a better targeted participatory forest management.
Crystal structure and vibrational spectra of salts of 1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamidine and its protonation route
Authors: Rejnhardt Piotr , Daszkiewicz Marek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCrystal structures of five salts of 1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamidine, PyCA, with various inorganic acids were determined, (HPyCA)Cl, (HPyCA)Cl·H2O, (HPyCA)Br, (HPyCA)2(I)I3, and (HPyCA)HSO4. Theoretical calculations of the protonation route of PyCA showed that the cationic form present in the studied crystals is energetically privileged. Tautomeric equilibrium constants indicated two isomers as the most stable neutral forms. Calculations for two other tautomers failed resulting in pyrazole and carbodiimid tautomer of cyanamide. Such decomposition is important in a view of guanylation reaction. Hydrogen bonding patterns were studied by means of the graph-set approach. Similarities of the patterns in different crystal structures were demonstrated by the algebraic relations between descriptors of the patterns. The strength of hydrogen bonding network in the crystals was assessed analyzing vibrational spectra. The bands were assigned on the basis of theoretical calculations for the complex [(HPyCA)2Cl4]2– ion and potential energy distribution analysis. The strength of hydrogen bonds was set in the following ascending series (HPyCA)2(I)I3 (4) < (HPyCA)Br (3) < (HPyCA)Cl (1) < (HPyCA)Cl·H2O (2) < (HPyCA)HSO4 (5).
Current Status and Issues Associated with Bariatric and Metabolic Surgeries in Japan
Authors: Oshiro Takashi , Kasama Kazunori , Nabekura Taiki , Sato Yu , Kitahara Tomoaki , Matsunaga Rie , Arai Motoaki , Kadoya Kengo , Nagashima Makoto , Okazumi Shinichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmong Asian countries, laparotomic and laparoscopic bariatric surgeries were introduced in Japan after its establishment in Taiwan. However, despite high prevalence of potential patients with obesity and diabetes, the wider incorporation of surgery into treatment regimen has been stalling for decades in Japan. While the unique Japanese national health insurance system has guaranteed fair healthcare delivery, it might have worked as a barrier to the development of bariatric and metabolic surgeries (BMS). The present article reviews the status of BMS in Japan and discusses recent issues related to its use. To focus on and identify the major obstacles inhibiting the widespread use of BMS, we have comprehensively covered some major areas including the insurance system, surgical indication, accreditation and training system, original research, and national registry.
Deep-red emitting Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ phosphor ceramics for plant lighting
Authors: Wang Zixin , Lin Hui , Zhang Dawei , Shen Yiming , Li Yang , Hong Ruijin , Tao Chunxian , Han Zhaoxia , Chen Lei , Zhou Shengming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, deep-red emitting Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ phosphor ceramics were synthesized by the high temperature solid-state reaction method. The ceramics can be excited by the 465 nm blue light and had a narrow emission with a full width at half maximum (FWMH) value of 31 nm. The peak wavelength was located at 658 nm, which matched the demanded wavelength for photosynthesis. The crystal field strength (Dq) and the Racah parameters (B and C) were estimated by the Tanabe-Sugano diagram. The thermal conductivity of the Mg2Ti(0.999)O4:0.001Mn4+ ceramic was 7.535 W/(m·K) at room temperature, which was one order of magnitude higher than that of the traditional packaging method using the silicone gel. A set of phosphor converted LEDs were fabricated by mounting the phosphor ceramics onto the 460 nm blue LED chips and the CIE coordinates can move from the blue region to the purple light region with the thickness of the ceramic increasing. These results indicated that the Mg2TiO4:Mn4+ phosphor ceramic was suitable for plant lighting when combined with a blue LED chip.
In-silico Design of Aryl and Aralkyl Amine-Based Triazolopyrimidine Derivatives with Enhanced Activity Against Resistant Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Ibrahim Zakari Ya’u , Uzairu Adamu , Shallangwa Gideon , Abechi Stephen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA blend of genetic algorithm with multiple linear regression (GA-MLR) method was utilized in generating a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model on the antimalarial activity of aryl and aralkyl amine-based triazolopyrimidine derivatives. The structures of derivatives were optimized using density functional theory (DFT) DFT/B3LYP/6–31 + G* basis set to generate their molecular descriptors, where two (2) predictive models were developed with the aid of these descriptors. The model with an excellent statistical parameters; high coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.8884, cross-validated R2 (Q2cv) = 0.8317 and highest external validated R2 (R2pred) = 0.7019 was selected as the best model. The model generated was validated through internal (leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation), external test set, and Y-randomization test. These parameters are indicators of robustness, excellent prediction, and validity of the selected model. The most relevant descriptor to the antimalarial activity in the model was found to be GATS6p (Geary autocorrelation—lag 6/weighted by polarizabilities), in the model due to its highest mean effect. The descriptor (GATS6p) was significant in the in-silico design of sixteen (16) derivatives of aryl and aralkyl amine-based triazolopyrimidine adopting compound DSM191 with the highest activity (pEC50 = 7.1805) as the design template. The design compound D8 was found to be the most active compound due to its superior hypothetical activity (pEC50 = 8.9545).
Mapping neural activity patterns to contextualized fearful facial expressions onto callous-unemotional (CU) traits: intersubject representational similarity analysis reveals less variation among high-CU adolescents
Authors: Rhoads Shawn A. , Cardinale Elise M. , O’Connell Katherine , Palmer Amy L. , VanMeter John W. , Marsh Abigail A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCallous-unemotional (CU) traits are early-emerging personality features characterized by deficits in empathy, concern for others, and remorse following social transgressions. One of the interpersonal deficits most consistently associated with CU traits is impaired behavioral and neurophysiological responsiveness to fearful facial expressions. However, the facial expression paradigms traditionally employed in neuroimaging are often ambiguous with respect to the nature of threat (i.e., is the perceiver the threat, or is something else in the environment?). In the present study, 30 adolescents with varying CU traits viewed fearful facial expressions cued to three different contexts (“afraid for you,” “afraid of you,” “afraid for self”) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Univariate analyses found that mean right amygdala activity during the “afraid for self” context was negatively associated with CU traits. With the goal of disentangling idiosyncratic stimulus-driven neural responses, we employed intersubject representational similarity analysis to link intersubject similarities in multivoxel neural response patterns to contextualized fearful expressions with differential intersubject models of CU traits. Among low-CU adolescents, neural response patterns while viewing fearful faces were most consistently similar early in the visual processing stream and among regions implicated in affective responding, but were more idiosyncratic as emotional face information moved up the cortical processing hierarchy. By contrast, high-CU adolescents’ neural response patterns consistently aligned along the entire cortical hierarchy (but diverged among low-CU youths). Observed patterns varied across contexts, suggesting that interpretations of fearful expressions depend to an extent on neural response patterns and are further shaped by levels of CU traits.