bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aktinische Keratosen
Authors: Nashan D. , Hüning S. , Heppt M. V. , Brehmer A. , Berking C. 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungAm 30.06.2019 erfolgte die Veröffentlichung der S3-Leitlinie „Aktinische Keratose und Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut“. Zeitlich nachfolgend erschienen Publikationen, Übersichtsarbeiten und Metaanalysen mit neuen Fragestellungen zur Vergleichbarkeit von Studiendaten und zur Heterogenität der Auswertungen, die unter anderem durch divergente Messparameter wie auch unzureichende Berücksichtigung von Vorbehandlungen und kombinierten Behandlungen bedingt sind. Im Kontext der Kritik und mit Blick auf notwendige Entwicklungen und Forschung wurde diese prägnante Übersicht verfasst. Thematische Abschnitte zur Epidemiologie, Pathogenese, Prävention, Klinik und Therapie wie auch BK (Berufskrankheit) 5103 wurden erarbeitet. Die Therapie, untergliedert in lokal destruktive und topische arzneimittelgestützte Verfahren, basiert auf den Leitlinienempfehlungen, die als Zitate gekennzeichnet und mit dem zugehörigen Evidenzlevel versehen sind. Für die Umsetzung im Alltag werden Kerndaten, Nebenwirkungen und Besonderheiten der Therapeutika genannt. Die aktuellen Entwicklungen und Fragestellungen zu aktinischen Keratosen werden deutlich.
Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745: A Non-bacterial Microorganism Used as Probiotic Agent in Supporting Treatment of Selected Diseases
Authors: Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka Karolina , Ruszkowski Jakub , Fic Mateusz , Folwarski Marcin , Makarewicz Wojciech 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 is a unique, non-bacterial microorganism classified as a probiotic agent. In this review article, at first, we briefly summarized the mechanisms responsible for its probiotic properties, e.g. adhesion to and elimination of enteropathogenic microorganisms and their toxins; extracellular cleavage of pathogens’ virulent factors; trophic and anti-inflammatory effects on the intestinal mucosa. The efficacy of S. boulardii administration was tested in variety of human diseases. We discussed the results of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 use in the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter pylori infections, diarrhoea (Clostridium difficile infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, and traveller’s diarrhoea), inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, candidiasis, dyslipidemia, and small intestine bacterial overgrowth in patients with multiple sclerosis. In case of limited number of studies regarding this strain, we also presented studies demonstrating properties and efficacy of other strains of S. boulardii. Administration of S. boulardii CNCMI I-745 during antibiotic therapy has certain advantage over bacterial probiotics, because—due to its fungal natural properties—it is intrinsically resistant to the antibiotics and cannot promote the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Even though cases of fungemia following S. boulardii CNCM I-745 administration were reported, it should be treated as a widely available and safe probiotic strain.
FTIR analysis of chemical changes in wood induced by steaming and longitudinal compression
Authors: Báder Mátyás , Németh Róbert , Sandak Jakub , Sandak Anna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPleating is an optimal way to increase bendability of wood used in diverse industrial applications. It results in the excessive buckling of cell walls and modifications of constitutive polymers. However, thoughtful understanding of the physical–chemical mechanisms of that modification process is very limited. The main purpose of the present study was to identify changes in functional groups of wood polymers induced by longitudinal compression. Four types of wood samples prepared from beech and sessile oak (untreated, steamed, longitudinally compressed and fixated for 1 min as well as longitudinally compressed and fixated for 18 h) were assessed by infrared spectroscopy. The spectra interpretation revealed that changes can be observed in hydroxyl as well as in carbon–oxygen single and carbon-hydrogen functional groups of polysaccharides and lignin. Beech wood seems to be more susceptible to investigated modification processes as compared to oak. Detailed interpretation of infrared spectra allows identification of changes in the hygroscopicity of wood as well as alterations in the linkage between structural elements in the polymer matrix of wood induced by the applied treatments.Graphic Abstract
Understanding the Social Stigma of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: From Theory to Interventions
Authors: Roozen Sylvia , Stutterheim Sarah E. , Bos Arjan E. R. , Kok Gerjo , Curfs Leopold M. G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). FASD is a spectrum of structural, functional, and neurodevelopmental problems with often lifelong implications, affecting communities worldwide. It is a leading preventable form of intellectual disabilities and therefore warrants effective prevention approaches. However, well-intended FASD prevention can increase stigmatization of individuals with FASD, women who consume or have consumed alcohol during pregnancy, and non-biological parents and guardians of individuals with FASD. This narrative review surveyed the literature on stigmatization related to FASD. Public stigma appears to be the most common form of stigma studied. Less is known about FASD-related self-stigma, stigma by association, and structural stigma. Accordingly, the current literature on FASD-related stigma does not appear to provide sufficient guidance for effectively reducing FASD-related stigma. However, lessons can be learned from other related health topics and the use of a systematic approach for the development of health promotion programs, namely Intervention Mapping.
Formation of Central Mode Water based on two zonal hydrographic sections in spring 2013 and 2016
Authors: Oka Eitarou , Kouketsu Shinya , Yanagimoto Daigo , Ito Daiki , Kawai Yoshimi , Sugimoto Shusaku , Qiu Bo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo zonal high-density hydrographic sections along 41° N and 37.5° N east of Japan were occupied in April 2013 and June 2016 to examine the formation of Central Mode Water (CMW) and Transition Region Mode Water (TRMW) in relation to fronts and eddies. In the 41° N section traversing the meandering subarctic front, the denser variety of CMW (D-CMW) and TRMW was formed continuously on both sides of the front, except for the part of the section located south of the Kuroshio bifurcation front where the lighter variety of CMW (L-CMW) and D-CMW was formed instead. L-CMW and D-CMW were also formed in the eastern part of the 37.5° N section between the Kuroshio Extension front and the Kuroshio bifurcation front, but were hardly formed in the western part of the section west of the bifurcation point of the two fronts. D-CMW and TRMW pycnostads in the western part of the 41° N section observed in April 2013 tended to exhibit more than one core (vertical minimum of potential vorticity), which might be formed by destruction of deep winter mixed layers. Such multiple-core structure was also observed in L-CMW and D-CMW pycnostads in the eastern part of both the sections south of the Kuroshio bifurcation front in June 2016, being particularly abundant in three anticyclonic eddies. It was likely to be formed by the exchange of low-potential vorticity water among the eddies and the ambient region in association with eddy-to-eddy interaction, suggesting a new mechanism of mode water subduction.
A note on the potential impact of aviation emissions on jet stream propagation over the northern hemisphere
Authors: Kossakowska Magdalena , Kaminski Jacek W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe goal of the study was to investigate if aviation emissions could influence the climate and weather by modifying the chemical composition of the atmosphere and subsequently, the radiative balance. To carry out the set objective, we used the global environmental multiscale atmospheric chemistry model with comprehensive tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry that is interactive with the radiation calculations. The model was run for two current climate scenarios, with and without aviation emissions. The results of the study indicate that the most significant difference in the jet stream propagation occurred during the winter season, and the smallest was observed during summer. Changes in the jet stream propagation vary by season and region. During the colder time of the year, the eddy-driven jet stream tends to shift poleward, while during the spring season the equatorward shift was observed in a scenario with aviation emissions. Analysis of regional changes shows that the most noticeable differences occurred over the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Asia. The changes over the oceans changed the occurrence of the North Pacific and Bermuda–Azores Highs. Over Asia (Siberia), a stronger and more poleward drift of the eddy-driven jet stream was observed in a scenario without aviation emission. Dissimilarity in the jet stream velocity was found only during the winter seasons when in a scenario with aviation emission, the jet stream velocity was 10 m/s smaller as compared to the scenario without aviation emission.
Psychometric properties of the benign and malicious envy scale: Assessment of structure, reliability, and measurement invariance across the United States, Germany, Russia, and Poland
Authors: Kwiatkowska Maria Magdalena , Rogoza Radosław , Volkodav Tatiana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Benign and Malicious Envy Scale is a promising self-report measure forming a counterpoint to the unidimensional approach to the assessment of dispositional envy. The goals of the present study were to examine the reliability, structure, and measurement equivalence of the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale across four independent groups from the United States, Germany, Russia, and Poland. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the structure of the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale is two-dimensional and its measurement is reliable. Moreover, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, supplemented by alignment optimization, revealed that the scale is invariant by country across all factors regardless of whether a linguistic distinction between the two envy types in the respective language exists. The results speak to the current debate about whether envy should be conceptualized as unitary or as an emotion that occurs in two distinct forms, supporting the latter view. Additionally, country-level differences in envy point to cultural differences which merit further research.
Digitalisierung in der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe und im Kinderschutz: Von Risikoeinschätzungsbögen über Fallbearbeitungssoftware bis zu Big Data
Authors: Ackermann Timo 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung von Gesellschaft und Sozialer Arbeit schreitet voran. Eine Beschäftigung mit der Thematik erscheint daher für (angehende) Sozialarbeit*innen, wie auch für Wissenschaftler*innen und Lehrende im Feld Sozialer Arbeit geboten. Die Nutzung von Big Data provoziert überzogene Hoffnungen und droht unter dem Deckmantel objektiver Kalkulationen Marginalisierungen zu reproduzieren. Für Soziale Arbeit und Frühe Hilfen wirkte die Einführung des § 8a als Katalysator für die Entwicklung von Risikoeinschätzungsverfahren. Die Verwendung von elektronischen Dokumentations- und Risikoeinschätzungssystemen stellt Ansprüche an individuelle Bearbeitung von Fällen in Frage. Risikoeinschätzungsinstrumente verlangen nach der knappen Aufmerksamkeit der Handelnden. Sie involvieren Praktiker*innen Sozialer Arbeit in intensive Interaktionen. Praktiker*innen und Lehrenden im Feld der Sozialer Arbeit kann nur geraten werden, sich gegenüber Instrumenten der Risikoeinschätzung, seien sie durch Big Data gestützt oder nicht, mit kritisch-forschender Distanz zu verhalten.
Tailoring the Meso-Structure of Gold Nanoparticles in Keratin-Based Activated Carbon Toward High-Performance Flexible Sensor
Authors: Patil Aniruddha B. , Meng Zhaohui , Wu Ronghui , Ma Liyun , Xu Zijie , Shi Chenyang , Qiu Wu , Liu Qiang , Zhang Yifan , Lin Youhui , Lin Naibo , Liu Xiang Yang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFlexible biosensors with high accuracy and reliable operation in detecting pH and uric acid levels in body fluids are fabricated using well-engineered metal-doped porous carbon as electrode material. The gold nanoparticles@N-doped carbon in situ are prepared using wool keratin as both a novel carbon precursor and a stabilizer. The conducting electrode material is fabricated at 500 °C under customized parameters, which mimics A–B type (two different repeating units) polymeric material and displays excellent deprotonation performance (pH sensitivity). The obtained pH sensor exhibits high pH sensitivity of 57 mV/pH unit and insignificant relative standard deviation of 0.088%. Conversely, the composite carbon material with sp2 structure prepared at 700 °C is doped with nitrogen and gold nanoparticles, which exhibits good conductivity and electrocatalytic activity for uric acid oxidation. The uric acid sensor has linear response over a range of 1–150 µM and a limit of detection 0.1 µM. These results will provide new avenues where biological material will be the best start, which can be useful to target contradictory applications through molecular engineering at mesoscale.
Intercropping with marigold promotes soil health and microbial structure to assist in mitigating tobacco bacterial wilt
Authors: Li Yanyan , Feng Ji , Zheng Lu , Huang Junbin , Yang Yong , Li Xihong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMarigold is reported to have antibacterial activity, and effectively protect crops against soil-borne diseases. However, it is not known whether and how tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW) could be mitigated via intercropping with marigold under field conditions. In this study, a field experiment was performed to measure and compare the occurrence of TBW, the soil chemical properties, and soil microbial composition and diversity between a tobacco-marigold intercropping system and a tobacco monocropping system. At 100 days (d) post-transplantation, the incidence (I) and disease index (DI) for the tobacco-marigold intercropping system were 30.12% and 58.25% lower than that for tobacco monocropping system, respectively. The results showed that Sobs, Shannon and Chao 1 index of soil bacterial communities in the tobacco-marigold intercropping system were 10.34%, 1.41% and 5.13% higher than that in the tobacco monocropping system at 100 d post-transplantation, respectively. It exhibited a higher richness and diversity of soil bacterial communities in the tobacco-marigold intercropping system. The relative abundance of some beneficial genera in tobacco-marigold intercropping system, such as Lysobacter, Burkholderia, Trichoderma, Mortierella, Chaetomium, Penicillium, was 1.50, 1.61, 3.35, 1.67, 4.40 and 4.50 fold higher than that in tobacco monocropping system. The presence of the intercropping system inhibited soil acidification and loss of soil calcium ions. The redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that soil pH and exchange Ca2+ were the main environmental factors which seemed to influence the bacterial and fungal community. The results from this study provided valuable insight into the possible mechanisms enhancing soil health in the tobacco-marigold intercropping system.
Experiences and Practices in the Current Prevention and Control of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in China
Authors: Shao Shen , Zhou Zichen , Li Yue , Liu Shuyu , Lu Lu , Hou Shike , Fan Bin , Cao Chunxia , Fan Haojun 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTSince December 2019, several new infectious diseases, mainly lung diseases caused by novel coronavirus infections, have been discovered in Wuhan, Hubei Province. With the spread of the epidemic, cases in other regions of China and abroad have been confirmed. This sudden outbreak of a new type of infectious disease has seriously threatened people’s health and safety, and China has adopted strong prevention and control measures in response. To provide a reference for international health emergency management workers, this article summarizes, from an academic perspective, the main prevention and control measures taken in China.
Varieties of Skills Profiles in Latin America: A Reassessment of the Hierarchical Model of Capitalism
Authors: Bogliaccini Juan A. , Madariaga Aldo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResearch on the politics of skills formation in Latin America is severely underdeveloped. This article offers a novel characterisation of the supply of skills in the region or ‘skills supply profiles’, taking inspiration from the comparative capitalisms literature. We identify four configurations of skills supply profiles – universalising, dual academic-oriented, dual VET-oriented and exclusionary–and analyse their historical dynamics. By doing this, we challenge general assessments of Latin America's skills formation systems as pertaining to one overarching type. This sets the stage for a deeper understanding of the politics of skills in the region and their connection with different development alternatives.
Contesting the Neoliberal Order through Legal Mobilisation: The Case of Chilean Unions
Authors: Gutiérrez Crocco Francisca 
Published: May 2020

AbstractScholars interested in labour in Latin America have traditionally paid little attention to trade unions’ legal mobilisation. However, the increasing number of legal complaints filed by workers with labour ministries and/or the courts in countries like Argentina, Brazil and Chile calls for a more serious debate on the role that trade unions play in this process. This article focuses on the Chilean case. Drawing on various sources, it shows that Chilean unions have turned legal complaints into a weapon to gain more rights and curb employers’ power. This process has involved the strongest and most combative unions, and is due to two historical conditions: (1) the obstacles placed in the way of successful resort to more disruptive tactics; (2) the increase in institutional opportunities to report infringements of the law. Overall, the article challenges the current image of the Chilean unions by foregrounding their agency and their achievements over the last decade.
Needlessly controversial: the reporting of pharmaco- and psycho-therapy for the treatment of depression in the UK media
Authors: Pathak Anushka , Lim Elizabeth , Lawrie Stephen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is well-established that media influences public perceptions, and that media coverage of psychiatry is negative compared to the rest of medicine. No studies that we know of, have compared media reporting on antidepressants and talking therapies as treatments for depression. We hypothesised that coverage of antidepressants would be more negative than that of psychotherapies in both headlines and articles.MethodsWe identified online articles in The Sun, Daily Mirror, Daily Mail, Daily Express, and The Guardian between 11 June 2013 and 11 June 2018. Two raters independently evaluated their titles/content with regard to their portrayal of antidepressants and psychotherapies (positive/negative/neutral), with good inter-rater reliability.ResultsWe identified 221 articles. Antidepressants featured in 184 articles, of which 27 (15%) portrayed them positively, 68 (37%) negatively, and 89 (48%) neutrally; and 173 headlines, of which 24 (14%) portrayed them positively, 64 (37%) negatively, and 85 (49%) neutrally. Antidepressants received more coverage than psychotherapy, which featured in 132 articles, of which 48 (36%) portrayed them positively, 3 (2%) negatively, and 81 (61%) neutrally; and 53 headlines, of which 16 (30%) portrayed them positively, 2 (4%) negatively, and 35 (66%) neutrally. A Fisher's exact test revealed a statistically significant difference between the portrayal of antidepressants and psychotherapies in both articles (p = 2.86 × 10−15) and headlines (p = 2.79 × 10−6).ConclusionDespite the two treatments being similarly effective, the portrayal of antidepressants in the UK online media is more negative than that of psychotherapy. This could potentially discourage patients from considering taking antidepressants, and provoke patients currently taking antidepressants to stop abruptly.
Impaired self-recognition in individuals with no full-blown psychotic symptoms represented across the continuum of psychosis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lavallé Layla , Dondé Clément , Gawęda Łukasz , Brunelin Jérome , Mondino Marine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundImpairments in self-recognition (i.e. recognition of own thoughts and actions) have been repeatedly shown in individuals with schizophrenia. According to classical clinical characterizations, schizophrenia is included in a continuum encompassing a large range of genetic statuses, psychotic states and symptoms. The current meta-analysis aims to determine whether self-recognition is affected by individuals within the psychosis continuum.MethodThree populations were considered: people with an at-risk mental state for psychosis (ARMS), hallucination-prone individuals and unaffected relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Eleven studies contrasted self-recognition between these three populations (n = 386) and healthy controls (n = 315) and four studies used correlational analysis to estimate comparable effects (n = 629). Eligible studies used experimental paradigms including source-monitoring and self-monitoring.ResultsWe observed significantly reduced self-recognition accuracy in these populations [g = −0.44 (−0.71 to −0.17), p = 0.002] compared to controls. No influence of the type of population, experimental paradigm or study design was observed.ConclusionThe present analysis argues for self-recognition deficits in populations with no full-blown psychotic symptoms represented across the continuum of psychosis.
Optimal Motion Planning for Differential Drive Mobile Robots based on Multiple-Interval Chebyshev Pseudospectral Methods
Authors: Mao Run , Gao Hongli , Guo Liang 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYThis paper presents a Chebyshev Pseudospectral (PS) method for solving the motion planning problem of nonholonomic mobile robots with kinematic and dynamic constraints. The state and control variables are expanded in the Chebyshev polynomial of orderN, and Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto (CGL) nodes are provided for approximating the system dynamics, boundary conditions, and performance index. For the lack of enough nodes nearby the obstacles, the interpolation of trajectory may violate the obstacles and the multiple-interval strategy is proposed to deal with the violation. Numerical examples demonstrate that multiple-interval strategy yields more accurate results than the single-interval Chebyshev PS method.
Coronary artery embolism in a patient with Fontan palliation: a rare complication
Authors: Misra Amrit , Gayanilo Marjorie , Gupta Pooja 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoronary artery embolism is extremely rare in children with Fontan palliation. We report a 10-year-old boy with hypoplastic left heart syndrome post-Fontan procedure who presented with acute onset chest pain and ST-segment changes on electrocardiogram. Cardiac catheterisation revealed coronary artery emboli requiring stent placement. Our case highlights the importance of evaluating chest pain in a systematic manner in Fontan patients as acute coronary artery embolism can be a part of the spectrum of well-known thromboembolic complications.