bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY: CAUSES AND PROBLEMS
Authors: Potyagailov S. V. 
Published: November 2020

Throughout history, mankind has been confronted with the challenges and difficulties that arise in the cyclical evolutionary revolutionary processes of the socio-economic activities of society. The resulting structural distortions and shifts, which are an integral part of the life of economic systems, can with a high degree of probability lead to problems of a socio-economic nature. To ensure the security and functioning of the economic elements of the system in case of imbalance, it is necessary to understand the structure of possible and past transformations. Concretization of measures for the implementation of the tasks arising from this leads to the need to activate the entire resource base of the country, including a qualitatively new use of existing human resources.
To solve this problem field, the author considers the experience of describing and controlling the ongoing structural transformations in practice. The above classification and the use of international and domestic theoretical concepts made it possible to structure the structures necessary for describing transformations by identifying the main directions of their activity. The author identifies the basic approaches to conducting and controlling changes in the economy. A more detailed consideration of structural transformations proves the need to incorporate social aspects into existing or forming economic systems. Obtained by rethinking the basic principles, their new socio-economic meaning is revealed as a set of measures to counteract negative changes within the structure of the economy. As the main measure of implementation and control over transformations, the author considers the key areas of structural policy aimed at minimizing the negative factors of systemic changes.
Clinical evaluation of foot disability in patients with axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Altan Lale 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To evaluate foot disability both ultrasonographically and by using the Foot Function Index (FFI) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) and to investigate its effects on patients' quality of life and functional capacity by determining the factors that may affect the level of disability.Patients and methods. A total of 100 patients were included in the study. Enthesis sites in the feet were assessed for tenderness and swelling. Ultrasonographic examination of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia was made and the findings were scored according to Glasgow Ultrasound Enthesitis Scoring System (GUESS). The Foot Function Index (FFI) was used to investigate the effects of foot disorders on disability and activity limitation. The correlation between GUESS and FFI scores, and relationship of GUESS and FFI scores with age, disease duration, body mass index (BMI), smoking and disease activity parameters were investigated.Results and discussion. Physical examination revealed signs of enthesitis in 13 (13%) patients, while ultrasonographic (USG) evaluation – in 36 (36%) patients. A statistically significant correlation was found between all FFI and GUESS scores except between FFI for the right foot and GUESS for right Achilles tendon enthesitis. A positive correlation was found between age and BMI and FFI (p<0.05). There was no correlation between disease duration and smoking and FFI scores. While there was a statistically significant correlation between all scores of GUESS and age, disease duration, and BMI, no correlation was found between smoking and GUESS scores. No significant difference was found in either FFI or GUESS scores between patients with or without / diabetes and patients who were smokers or non-smokers. All FFI and GUESS scores significantly correlated with BASDAI, ASDAS, BASFI, and ASQoL (p<0.05).Conclusion. Enthesitis may lead to decreased functional capacity and loss of quality of life in ax-SpA patients. Subclinical enthesitis in the feet of patients with SpA is not rare and may be detected by USG.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a combination of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate for knee and hip osteoarthritis in real clinical practice
Authors: Karateev A. E. , Barysheva Yu. V. , Belokon Ya. V. , Bolshakova T. Yu. , Grabovetskaya Yu. Yu. , Dolzhenkova E. A. , Eliseeva L. N. , Ershova O. B. , Zonova E. V. , Chernova I. Yu. , Isakanova A. O. , Kirpikova M. N. , Komarov V. T. , Kryukova E. V. , Kulikov A. I. , Lakhin D. I. , Levasheva L. A. , Masneva L. V. , Menshikova L. V. , Mishina Yu. V. , Norina S. V. , Pashkovsky Yu. N. , Petrov A. V. , Rusanov A. G. , Sarapulova A. V. , Svodtseva K. A. , Semagina O. V. , Sudakova A. N. , Tkachenko S. N. , Toporkov M. M. , Tutelyan S. K. , Fadienko G. R. , Filonenko O. S. , Fomina O. P. , Chernov A. S. 
Published: November 2020

A combination of chondroitin and glucosamine is widely used in clinical practice as both a symptomatic and structure-modifying agent for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). The emergence of new drugs based on this combination substantially expands treatment options for OA therapy.Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Artroflex® that is a combination of chondroitin sulfate 400 mg and glucosamine sulfate 500 mg (CS + GS) to support joint health in patients with knee and/or hip OA.Patients and methods. When implementing an open observational research program, the results of using the CS + GS complex were assessed in 644 OA patients (74.7% women) (mean age, 58.0±14.6 years) who experienced moderate/severe pain and required to continuously take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The CS + GS complex was prescribed in a dose of 2 capsules per day for 3 months. The investigators estimated changes in pain on movement by a 0 to 10 verbal pain scale, general health (GH) by a 0–10 visual analogue scale), the Lequesne index, the need for NSAIDs, and patient satisfaction with treatment and its tolerance.Results and discussion. After 3-month therapy, there were decreases in pain intensity by 49.2±16.8%, GH scores by 45.6±18.1%, the Lequesne index from 9.0 [6.0; 13.0] to 5.0 [3.0; 9.0]; less than half (45.2%) of the patients still needed for NSAIDs. 82.2% of patients were satisfied or completely satisfied with treatment results; 89.6% reported good treatment tolerance.Adverse events (apparently associated with NSAID use) were recorded in 2.2% of cases. There were no serious complications that required CS + GS treatment discontinuation or hospitalization.Conclusion. The findings have indicated that Artroflex® used to support joint health is an effective agent that controls OA symptoms and has a good safety level.
Towards the modern doctrine of Landry paralysis
Authors: Yanishevsky A. E. 
Published: November 2020

Pri opredѣleni kazhdago nervnago zabolѣvanya, kak" otdѣl'noy nozologicheskoy yedinitsy, sovremennaya nevropatologya kladet" v" osnovu tri glavnykh" printsipa: anatomo-fizologichesky, patologo-anatomichesky i etologichesky. Na osnovani pervago printsipa nevropatolog", pol'zuyas' faktami normal'noy anatomi i fizologi nervnoy sistemy, opredѣlyayet" v" klinicheskoy kartinѣ zabolѣvanya uklonenya v" proyavleni dѣyatel'nosti otdѣl'nykh" nervnykh" sistem", nervnykh" yedinits"nevronov". Opredѣlyaya, kakya sistemy i kakya chasti ikh" porazheny, on" stavit" topicheskuyu dagnostiku zabolѣvanya. Na osnovani dannykh" patologicheskoy anatomi nevropatolog" opredѣlyayet" kharakter" porazhenya, lezhashchago v" osnovѣ zabolѣvanya, i nakonets" opredѣlyayet" prichinu, vyzvavshuyu dannoye zabolѣvane, obuslovivshuyu bystrotu ili medlennost' yego razvitya, pol'zuyas' v" ostrykh" sluchayakh" dannymi bakterologi i toksikologi. No ne smotrya na uspѣkhi nevrapotologi, sushchestvuyet" mnogo zabolѣvany, gdѣ vsѣ tri printsipa ne mogut" byt' strogo provedeny, tak" kak" predstavlyayut' mnogo yeshche spornago. Eti zabolѣvanya predstavlyayutsya simptomokompleksom", v" osnovѣ kotorago mogut" lezhat' porazhenya, chrezvychayno raznoobraznyya po svoyey lokalizatsi, po kharakteru patologo-anatomicheskago protsessa i po etologi. K" chislu podobnago roda zabolѣvany prinadlezhit" bolѣzn', izvѣstnaya pod" imenem" ostrago voskhodyashchago paralicha Landry.
Развернуть

1371/5000

When defining each nervous disease, as a separate nosological unit, modern neuropathology lays in the basis of three main principles: anatomical-physiological, pathological-anatomical and ethiological. On the basis of the first principle, the neuropathologist, using the facts of normal anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, determines in the clinical picture of the disease, the evasion in the manifestation of the activity of individual nervous systems, nervous units - neurons. Determining which systems and which parts of them are affected, he sets the topical diagnosis of the disease. Based on the data of the pathological anatomy, the neuropathologist determines the nature of the lesion underlying the disease, and finally determines the cause that caused this disease, which caused the rapidity or slowness of its development, using the data of toxicology and toxicology in acute cases. But in spite of the successes of neuropathology, there are many diseases where all three principles cannot be strictly followed, since they represent a lot more controversial. These diseases are presented as a symptom complex, in the basis of which there may be lesions, extremely diverse in their localization, in the nature of the pathological-anatomical process and in ethiology. To the number of such kind of diseases belongs the disease, known under the name of acute ascending paralysis of Landry.
Modern distance education theory and practice innovation under the lifelong education system
Authors: Peng Duan 
Published: November 2020

<p>Summary : Modern distance education models are valued for their advantages . , But distance learning has also revealed many problems as it grows. . How to: in the process of establishing and perfecting a lifelong education system , Innovation in theory and practice for modern distance education , This is an urgent problem to solve now . to this , Opportunities and challenges under the lifelong education system based on modern distance education , Strengthening communication and interaction between teachers and students in distance education , Clean network , Create good learning environment , Establish a sound certification and evaluation mechanism for teachers , public -private education institutions open deep cooperation , promoting the life-long education system under modern distance teaching education Theory and Practice Innovation .</p>
Analysis of throughput of pipe crossings on lower categories of roads
Authors: Виноградов А.Ю. , Ржавцев А.А. , Зубова О.В. , Обязов В.А. , Фурсов К.А. , Хвалев С.В. , Кадацкая М.М. , Парфенова М.А. , Виноградов И.А. 
Published: November 2020

Рассмотрен анализ работы водопропускных сооружений на региональных дорогах Ленинградской области. Обозначены основные проблемы, связанные с неудовлетворительной работой трубных переходов, приведены примеры последствий с оценкой ущерба. Проведены полевые обследования трубных переходов во Всеволожском районе Ленинградской области. Выявлено, что около 50% водопропускных сооружений не пригодны к эксплуатации, соответственно могут стать причиной затопления территорий, остальные ограниченно пригодны. Даны рекомендации по содержанию и реконструкции трубных переходов для предотвращения чрезвычайных ситуаций.
The article analyzes the operation of culverts on regional roads in the Leningrad region. The main problems associated with unsatisfactory operation of pipe crossings are identified, and examples of consequences with damage assessment are given. In this work, field surveys of pipe crossings in the Vsevolozhsky district of the Leningrad region were conducted. As a result, it was found that about 50% of culverts are not suitable for operation, respectively, they can cause flooding of territories, while the rest are of limited use. Recommendations are given on the maintenance and reconstruction of pipe crossings to prevent emergencies.
Extraction of valuable components from fruits of the hawthorn and barbaris of the North-West region
Authors: Морозкова И.А. , Кутакова Н.А. , Третьяков С.И. , Васильева Н.Н. 
Published: November 2020

Плоды барбариса и боярышника содержат ценные биологически активные вещества: органические кислоты, сахара, дубильные вещества, антоцианы, аскорбиновую кислоту и другие компоненты. Количественное содержание этих групп соединений в данном материале зависит от эколого-географических, климатических факторов, условий выращивания, способа сушки и др. Сопоставление состава плодов, собранных в Дендросаду САФУ (г. Архангельск) в 2015–2018 гг., и основных климатических характеристик вегетационного периода показало, что влияние климата велико. Результаты исследования состава плодов нескольких видов барбариса и боярышника характеризуют их как ценный материал для более глубокого изучения и переработки. Как показывают имеющиеся данные, анализируемые вещества проявляют разнообразный спектр фармакологической активности: противовирусные, противовоспалительные, антимикробные, антидиабетические и противоопухолевые свойства. Для извлечения комплекса БАВ предложено использовать 70%-й этиловый спирт. Проведена оценка эффективности извлечения БАВ различными методами: метод настаивания, ультразвуковой обработки и экстракции в электромагнитном поле сверхвысоких частот (СВЧ), из них СВЧ-экстракция признана перспективной. Степень извлечения компонентов составила в среднем 50%. Плоды являются перспективными для использования в пищевой промышленности и для разработки новых лечебно-профилактических лекарственных средств на основе экстрактов.
The fruits of barberry and hawthorn contain valuable biologically active substances: organic acids, sugars, tannins, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and other components. The quantitative content of these groups of compounds in this raw material varies depending on ecological, geographical, climatic factors, the phase of plant growth, cultivation technology, drying method, etc. Comparison of the composition of the fruits collected in the Dendrosade of NArFU (Arkhangelsk) in 2015–2018 with the main climatic characteristics of the growing season showed that the influence of the climate is great. The results of a study the composition of the fruits of several types o of barberry and hawthorn characterize them as valuable material for a promising source for deeper study and processing. As the available data show, the analytes exhibit a diverse spectrum of pharmacological activity: antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and antitumor properties . To extract the complex of biologically active substances, it is proposed to use 70% ethanol. The efficiency of extraction of biologically active substances by various methods was evaluated: the method of insisting, ultrasonic treatment and extraction in an electromagnetic field of microwave frequencies, of which microwave extraction was recognized as promising. The degree of extraction of the components averaged 50%. The fruits are promising for use in the food industry and for the development of new therapeutic and preventive medicines based on extracts.
Rauner - one and a half centuries in the service of forestry in Russia
Authors: Липин В.А. 
Published: November 2020

В статье впервые в обобщенном виде приводятся ранее неопубликованные сведения о судьбе и деятельности представителей династии выходцев из Австрии Раунеров на русской службе и в послереволюционный период. На основе архивных материалов, редких и малодоступных публикаций, а также материалов из частных собраний отражены малоизвестные страницы истории лесного хозяйства России. Непосредственно к лесному делу России имели отношение целый ряд представителей клана Раунеров. Юлий Карлович Раунер, который учился в Лисинском учебном лесничестве. С 1855 г. Ю.К. Раунер главный лесничий Екатеринбургского горного округа. Наибольшей известности в лесоводстве достиг Станислав Юльевич Раунер, лесовод, мелиоратор, теоретик и практик горно-облесительных работ, проводимых в целях борьбы с эрозией почв и селевыми потоками. После окончания Алексеевского Екатеринбургского Реального училища с 1879 по 1882 год С.Ю Раунер являлся студентом Лесного института в Петербурге. Влияние леса на режим поверхностных и подземных вод составляло предмет особенно тщательного изучения С.Ю. Раунера. С середины 80-х годов XIX в. до 1917 года С.Ю. Раунером было написано большинство научных трудов, составлено множество инструкций и программ, непосредственно по географическому, биологическому и другим исследованиям. После Революции с 1917 г. С.Ю. Раунер работал в Москве в ВСНХ в должности Заместителя председателя Госплана. В 1920 году был выбран профессором лесного института в Петрограде.
For the first time, the article summarizes previously unpublished information about the fate and activities of representatives of the dynasty of come from Austria, Rauner in Russian work for the government and in the post-revolutionary period. On the basis of archival materials, rare and inaccessible publications, as well as materials from private collections, little-known pages of the history of forestry in Russia are described. A number of representatives of Rauner clan were directly involved in forestry in Russia. Julius Karlovich Rauner, who studied at the Lisinsky training forestry. Since 1855, Yu.K. Rauner is the chief forester in the Yekaterinburg mountain district. Stanislav Yulievich Rauner, a forest grower, land reclamator, theoretician and practitioner of mining and afforestation works carried out to combat soil erosion and mudflows, became the most famous in forestry. After graduating from the Alekseevsky Yekaterinburg Real School from 1879 to 1882, S.U. Rauner was a student at the Forest Institute in St. Petersburg. The influence of the forest on the regime of surface and groundwaters was the subject of a particularly thorough study by S.Yu. Rauner. Since the mid 80s of the XIX century. until 1917 S.Yu. The majority of scientific works were the rauner, many instructions and programs were compiled, directly on geographical, biological and other studies. After the Revolution since 1917, S.Yu. Rauner worked in Moscow at the Supreme Economic Council as a Deputy Chairman of the State Planning Commission. In 1920 he was chosen as a professor at the Forestry Institute in Petrograd.
Foliage Biomass of the forests of Eurasia: correction of empirical modeling methods
Authors: Усольцев В.А. , Ковязин В.Ф. , Цепордей И.С. , Часовских В.П. , Азаренок В.А. 
Published: November 2020

При разработке аллометрических моделей биомассы деревьев и древостоев имеется ряд неопределенностей, обусловленных несовершенством методических приемов как при получении исходной информации, так и при ее обработке с целью выявления искомых закономерностей. В статье дан анализ двух методических мифов, распространенных при оценке биомассы ассимиляционного аппарата деревьев и древостоев. Использована база экспериментальных данных о биомассе хвои (листвы) деревьев и древостоев соответственно в количестве 10,9 и 2,94 тысяч определений 16 и 10 древесных видов (родов) Евразии. На их основе построены всеобщие модели (generic models) биомассы хвои (листвы) на уровнях дерева и древостоя. Показано завышение оценок биомассы листвы (хвои) в результате механического переноса традиционного метода моделирования объема ствола дерева и древостоя на оценку биомассы их ассимиляционного аппарата. Рекомендовано отказаться от использования предиктора (D2 H) и включать в модель или один диаметр ствола, или диаметр ствола и высоту дерева раздельно. От использования полноты в качестве независимой переменной в модели ассимиляционного аппарата древостоев можно отказаться и во избежание возможных смещений оценок включать вместо полноты совокупность двух независимых переменных – густоту древостоя и средний диаметр стволов.
When developing allometric models of the biomass of trees and forests, there are a number of uncertainties due to the imperfection of methodological techniques both for obtaining harvest data and for processing it in order to identify the desired patterns. Two methodological myths are analyzed in the paper that are common in assessing the foliage biomass of trees and stands. We used the database of harvest data on the foliage biomass of trees and stands, in the amount of 10.9 and 2.94 thousand definitions of 16 and 10 tree species (genera) of Eurasia respectively. Generic models of the foliage biomass are designed at tree and stand levels. It is shown that the estimation of foliage biomass is overestimated as a result of mechanical transfer of the traditional methods of modeling the volume of a tree stem and a forest stand to the estimation of the foliage biomass. It is recommended to abandon the use of the predictor (D2 H) and include in the model either single diameter of a stem, or the stem diameter and tree height separately. The use of basal area as an independent variable in the model of the stand foliage can be abandoned and, in order to avoid possible biases of estimates, include instead of it a set of two independent variables – the tree density and the average stem diameter.
Potential health risk assessment related to arsenic pollution and hydrogeochemistry of groundwaters in Akşehir and surroundings (Konya/Turkey)
Authors: Varol Simge 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Groundwater is an important water resource used for drinking, domestic and agricultural activities in Akşehir and surroundings. However, intensive agricultural and human activities in the region adversely affect groundwater quality. In this study, 31 water samples were collected from wells. According to the Piper diagram, groundwater in the study area was in the Ca–Mg–HCO3 and Ca–HCO3 water facies. As a result, it is not appropriate to use groundwater as drinking water in the study area in terms of trace elements and pollutant analysis results of water samples compared to limit values determined by WHO and ITHASY drinking water guidelines. The arsenic concentration in groundwater was studied in detail. The origin and concentration of arsenic in groundwater is associated with agricultural activities and pesticides in the region. Accordingly, a health risk assessment was carried out for the use of groundwater in the study area as drinking water. The results for all samples analyzed indicate that the groundwater concerned was not suitable for drinking purposes because of arsenic concentrations which exceeded maximum acceptable levels.