bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current and Projected Financial Burden of Emergency General Surgery for Adults in Scotland's Single Payer Healthcare System
Authors: Wohlgemut Jared M. , Ramsay George , Boyers Dwayne , Jansen Jan O. 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
To calculate the current and projected financial burden of EGS hospital admissions in a single-payer healthcare system.

Summary of Background Data:
EGS is an important acute care service, which demands significant healthcare resources. EGS admissions and associated costs have increased over time, associated with an aging demographic. The National Health Service is the sole provider of emergency care in Scotland.

Methods:
Principal, high and low Scottish population projections were obtained for 2016 until 2041. EGS admission data were projected using an ordinary least squares linear regression model. An exponential function, fitted to historical length of hospital stay (LOS) data, was used to project future LOS. Historical hospital unit cost per bed day was projected using a linear regression model. EGS cost was calculated to 2041 by multiplying annual projections of population, admission rates, LOS, and cost per bed day.

Results:
The adult (age >15) Scottish population is projected to increase from 4.5 million to 4.8 million between 2016 and 2041. During this time, EGS admissions are expected to increase from 83,132 to 101,090 per year, cost per bed day from £786 to £1534, and overall EGS cost from £187.3 million to £202.5 million.

Conclusions:
The future financial burden of EGS in Scotland is projected to increase moderately between 2016 and 2041. This is in sharp contrast to previous studies from settings such as the United States. However, if no further reductions in LOS or cost per bed day are made, especially for elderly patients, the cost of EGS will rise dramatically.
Dissociated hippocampal neurons exhibit distinct Zn2+dynamics in a stimulation method-dependent manner
Authors: Sanford Lynn , Palmer Amy E. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIonic Zn2+has increasingly been recognized as an important neurotransmitter and signaling ion in glutamatergic neuron pathways. Intracellular Zn2+transiently increases as a result of neuronal excitation, and this Zn2+signal is essential for neuron plasticity, but the source and regulation of the signal is still unclear. In this study we rigorously quantified Zn2+, Ca2+and pH dynamics in dissociated mouse hippocampal neurons stimulated with bath application of high KCl or glutamate. While both stimulation methods yielded Zn2+signals, Ca2+influx, and acidification, glutamate stimulation induced more sustained high intracellular Ca2+and a larger increase in intracellular Zn2+. However, the stimulation-induced pH change was similar between conditions, indicating that a different cellular change is responsible for the stimulation-dependent difference in Zn2+signal. This work provides the first robust quantification of Zn2+dynamics in neurons using different methods of stimulation.
How does cultural capital affect educational performance: Signals or skills?
Authors: Breinholt Asta , Jæger Mads Meier 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we test two mechanisms through which cultural capital might affect educational performance: (a) teachers misinterpreting cultural capital as signals of academic brilliance and (b) cultural capital fostering skills in children that enhance educational performance. We analyse data from the ECLS‐K and ECLS‐K:2011 from the United States and focus on three aspects of children’s cultural capital: participation in performing arts, reading interest and participation in athletics and clubs. We find that (1) none of the three aspects of cultural capital that we consider affects teachers’ evaluations of children’s academic skills; (2) reading interest has a direct positive effect on educational performance; and (3) the direct effect of reading interest on educational performance does not depend on schooling context. Our results provide little support for the hypothesis that cultural capital operates via signals about academic brilliance. Instead, they suggest that cultural capital fosters skills in children that enhance educational performance. We discuss the theoretical implications of our findings.
Deservingness put into practice: Constructing the (un)deservingness of migrants in four European countries
Authors: Nielsen Mathias Herup , Frederiksen Morten , Larsen Christian Albrekt 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe increased comparative research on perceptions of public welfare deservingness studies the extent to which different subgroups of citizens are deemed worthy or unworthy of receiving help from the welfare state. The concept of deservingness criteria plays a crucial role in this research, as it theorizes a universal heuristic that citizens apply to rank people in terms of their welfare deservingness. Due to the mainly quantitative nature of the research and despite the indisputable progress it has made, the subjective existence and actual application of these deservingness criteria remain a bit of a black box. What criteria of deservingness do citizens actually apply, and how do they apply them? This article opens the black box of welfare deservingness and sheds light on the nature and practice of deservingness criteria. Empirically, the paper explores how the deservingness of immigrants is discussed and established within 20 focus groups conducted in Slovenia, Denmark, UK, and Norway in 2016 with a total of 160 participants. All 20 focus groups discussed the welfare deservingness of immigrants based on similar vignette stimuli. Our analysis shows that (1) deservingness criteria are used both to construct images of target groups and as normative yardsticks; (2) deservingness criteria do not work independently of each other, but rather co‐function in specific hybridized discourses; and (3) the moral logic of deservingness is supplemented by alternative moral logics, at least in the case of migrants.
Correlation between new OCT parameters and metamorphopsia in advanced stages of epiretinal membranes
Authors: Alkabes Micol , Fogagnolo Paolo , Vujosevic Stela , Rossetti Luca , Casini Giamberto , De Cillà Stefano 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo correlate metamorphopsia provided by M‐CHARTS and ectopic inner foveal layers (EIFL) or ‘central bouquet’ abnormality (CBA) in patients with advanced stages of epiretinal membrane (ERM) following the novel Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)‐based grading scheme.MethodsIn 60 eyes of 57 patients affected by ERM (stages 3 and 4), the degree of metamorphopsia using the M‐CHARTS was evaluated (M‐SCORE) and correlated with EIFL, CBA and central foveal thickness (CFT) as measured on OCT scans.ResultsA total of 37 and 23 eyes were diagnosed having ERM stages 3 and 4, respectively. Mean vertical and horizontal M‐SCORE (M‐V and M‐H) were 0.64 ± 0.43 and 0.58 ± 0.37 standard deviations, respectively. Mean M‐SCORE exhibited a statistically significant correlation with EIFL and CFT (both p < 0.0001), but not with CBA (p = 0.84). Analysing the direction of metamorphopsia separately, M‐H and M‐V were significantly correlated with EIFL (both p < 0.0001), but not with CBA thickness (p = 0.70 and 0.33 respectively). Ectopic inner foveal layers (EIFL) was significantly influenced by the presence of CBA (CBA present, 158.29 ± 63.53 micron; CBA absent, 107.05 ± 94.13 micron, p = 0.04). No significant differences were found for both M‐V and M‐H with respect to the presence of CBA.ConclusionsBased on the novel OCT‐based grading scheme for ERMs, our results demonstrate that EIFL, but not CBA, might be considered a good indicator for metamorphopsia in patients with advanced ERMs.
Color and fastness properties of mordanted Bridelia ferruginea B dyed cellulosic fabric
Authors: Jabar Jamiu Mosebolatan , Ogunmokun Ademola Israel , Taleat Tella Adewale Akanni 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBridelia ferruginea B dye was extracted from the bark of the tree using aqueous extraction method. Extracted dye was used to dye cellulosic (cotton) fabric in presence of 5% calcium chloride (CaCl2) or 5% alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) of weight of fabric (o.w.f) as mordant. Fabric dyed without mordant was lighter in hue than metal ion mordanted dyed fabrics. The fabrics dyed in presence of calcium chloride as mordant are of deeper hue than those dyed with alum as mordant. Hence, their dye-uptake and color strength (K/S) are in the same order. K/S value of fabric dyed with alum is 43.71% higher than that without mordant and fabric dyed with calcium chloride has K/S value 51.09% higher than dyed with alum as mordant. CIEL*a*b* coordinate indicator and color space quadrant showed that those dyed fabrics without mordant and with alum as mordant are closer to yellow than red color. Those cellulosic fabrics dyed with calcium chloride as mordant are closer to red than yellow color as confirmed in colour space quadrant. Pre-mordanted dyed fabrics are of deeper color than post-mordanted dyed fabrics than meta-mordanted dyed fabrics than unmordant dyed fabric. Fastness properties of B. ferruginea B dyed cellulosic fabrics ranged from good (3) to excellent (5).
Public transport services in Hong Kong: A voice from Hong Kong Citizen (Policy Paper)
Authors: Simon Yuen 
Published: January 2020

Hong Kong is a city with a diversified public transport system. However, the number of private cars has increased abnormally, especially the completion of private housings in the New Territories and North Lantau, due to the daily work of the urban areas or personal needs. The number of citizens of private cars has increased significantly. In recent years, the problem of "frequent and severe congestion" has resulted in the saturation of the more timely railways. The main reason is that the roads in the existing busy areas cannot meet the large number of private cars, and the major roads in the New Territories of Hong Kong and Kowloon have been subject to "frequent and severe congestion". The Government's solution to the problem is to build roads and railways only. In recent years, many new roads and railways, the congestion of old roads and highways have not been improved. Railways cannot change the private car owners to switch to public transport habits, “but increased”, what is the main reason? Where roads and railways solve problems, this study agrees that denser areas without rail services are necessary to build or extend existing rail routes. But what is the need to build a new railway to relieve the existing railway saturation? We use the railway but not others? Is railway extension is one of the cause for traffic congestion? In recent years, the government has recognized that private cars are the main source of traffic congestion in Hong Kong. Government indicated that it planned to introduce another electronic road toll and increase private license plate or registration tax. Hope that this report will help us understand the problems we are facing now and discuss how we can resolve them so as to come up with better solutions.
Synthesis and AChE inhibitory activity of N-glycosyl benzofuran derivatives
Authors: Wu Yu-Ran , Ren Shu-Ting , Wang Lei , Liu Xiu-Jian , Wang You-Xian , Liu Shu-Hao , Liu Wei-Wei , Shi Da-Hua , Cao Zhi-Ling 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSix N-glycosyl benzofuran derivatives were synthesized by the catalysis of organic bases and condensation agents. The benzofuran derivatives were obtained by the reaction of various salicylaldehydes in acetone, and then hydrolyzed to the corresponding carboxylic acids. Finally, the target compounds were synthesized by acylation and the reaction conditions were optimized. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of the desired compounds was tested using Ellman’s method. Most of the compounds showed acetylcholinesterase-inhibition activity; N-(2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)benzofuran-2-carbxamide (5a) showed the best acetylcholinesterase inhibition, with an inhibitory rate of 84%.
Facile Synthesis of Spiro[cyclohexane-1,3’-indoline]-2,2’-diones
Authors: Katayama Shin-taro , Nishino Hiroshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSpiro[cyclohexane-1,3’-indoline]-2,2’-diones were easily prepared in good to high yields by the oxidation of N-aryl-N-methyl-2-oxocyclohexane-1-carboxamides in one pot with a short reaction time. The spiroindolinediones could be important for the total synthesis of natural products.
Strength Training to Improve Performance in Athletes With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Fleeton Jennifer R.M. , Sanders Ross H. , Fornusek Ché 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Fleeton, JRM, Sanders, RH, and Fornusek, C. Strength training to improve performance in athletes with cerebral palsy: A systematic review of current evidence. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1774–1789, 2020—Persons with cerebral palsy (CP) can partake in many different forms of organized sport including elite competition at state and international levels. There is limited evidence on how CP athletes should train to enhance performance. The purposes of this article were to conduct a systematic review of the current evidence on ambulatory individuals with CP for (a) strength and functional improvement through strength training; (b) potential sports performance improvement through strength training; (c) the identification of risk and special considerations associated with strength and conditioning for this population, and; (d) the identification of future research foci to educate strength and conditioning coaches on specific program design for elite CP athletes. Seven electronic databases were searched for studies investigating resistance training interventions. The databases were also searched for training interventions or investigations into sports performance in athletes with CP competing at regional level or above. Thirty articles were included in the systematic review of strength training, and 23 articles included in the narrative review of training for sports performance. High-quality evidence indicates that resistance training can improve muscular strength in individuals with CP, with some preliminary evidence of structural and neurological adaptations. However, there is limited evidence for functional improvements. Limited research has examined the performance capacity of athletes with CP, and no training interventions have been conducted. Coaches should employ existing guidelines when designing programs while considering specific athlete limitations. Initially, the focus should be increasing athlete muscular strength before considering specific sport demands.
Resistance-Trained Individuals Can Underestimate the Intensity of the Resistance Training Session: An Analysis Among Sexes, Training Experience, and Exercises
Authors: Dos Santos Wellington Martins , Junior Antonio Carlos Tavares , Braz Tiago Volpi , Lopes Charles Ricardo , Brigatto Felipe Alves , Dos Santos Júlio Wilson 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Dos Santos, WM, Tavares Junior, AC, Braz, TV, Lopes, CR, Brigatto, FA, and Dos Santos, JW. Resistance-trained individuals can underestimate the intensity of the resistance training session: An analysis among genders, training experience, and exercises. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1506–1510, 2022—Resistance training (RT) promotes improvements in healthy parameters for young to elderly adults and athletes' performance. Strength and muscle mass improvements are dependent on exercise intensity. This study verifies whether 53 healthy young adults underestimate exercise intensity in 3 different exercises, such as bench press (BP), biceps curl (BC), and leg press 45° (LP). Researchers asked the subjects “How much load do you use to perform 10 repetitions in this exercise usually in workout routines?” in each exercise. Individuals warmed up and then performed as many repetitions as possible until they reached the concentric failure. Deviations from data normality were found by using Levene's test; the number of repetitions per exercise within sex was tested by using Friedman's test and Conover's post hoc and Kruskal–Wallis tests to compare the number of repetitions between sex and RT experience. We correlated the number of repetitions and training experience using the Spearman test. The number of repetitions for both groups (male and female) is greater than 8–12 repetitions for BC and LP and BP of the female group, except for men who perform around 8–12 repetitions on BP. Frequency of maximal repetitions reached for 8–12 repetitions for women was 12% for BP, 28% for BC, and 28% for LP. The frequency men reached was 46.5% for BP, 14.3% for BC, and 14.3% for LP. Training experience did not influence the number of repetitions reached. Resistance training practitioners underestimate exercise load (56% of total sample) to be independent of experience. Women underestimate exercise load more than men. Based on the present results, it is possible to state that RT should not be prescribed considering a predefined number of repetitions and a linked percentage of loads, without the guidance for frequent adjustments of loads, according to the exercise performed.
Strength-Power Tests are More Effective When Performed After Exhaustive Exercise in Discrimination Between Top-Elite and Elite Wrestlers
Authors: Özbay Serhat , Ulupınar Süleyman 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Özbay, S and Ulupinar, S. Strength-power tests are more effective when performed after exhaustive exercise in discrimination between top-elite and elite wrestlers. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 448–454, 2022—This study aimed (a) to analyze strength-power variables in top-elite and elite wrestlers, (b) to identify which variables allow for discrimination between them, and (c) to investigate whether the results changed when the tests were performed after exhaustive exercise. Twenty-six male wrestlers who won medals at the national championship in junior or under-23 categories participated in this study. Athletes who also won medals at the European or World Championship were assessed as top-elite (n = 13), and others as elite (n = 13). Subjects performed the leg and arm Wingate anaerobic test (anaerobic power and capacity), maximum one repetition bench press and squat test (maximal dynamic strength), handgrip and leg strength test (isometric strength), vertical and horizontal jump test (muscle power), and pull-up and push-up (strength endurance) tests. The results showed that top-elite wrestlers produced a higher output in both lower-body and upper-body Wingate average power (relative) than the elite wrestlers when the tests were performed after full rest. However, top-elite wrestlers presented higher results (relative) in all tests, except vertical and horizontal jump tests, when the tests were performed after exhaustive exercise. Furthermore, in a discriminant function analysis, the groups were correctly classified at 65.4% when the tests were performed after full rest, whereas the groups were correctly classified at 92.3% when the tests were performed after exhaustive exercise. This study indicated that the strength-power tests performed after exhaustive exercise may be more effective in discriminating between top-elite and elite wrestlers.
Effects of a 12-Week Training Program on Isometric and Dynamic Force-Time Characteristics in Pre– and Post–Peak Height Velocity Male Athletes
Authors: Dobbs Ian J. , Oliver Jon L. , Wong Megan A. , Moore Isabel S. , Lloyd Rhodri S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Dobbs, IJ, Oliver, JL, Wong, MA, Moore, IS, and Lloyd, RS. Effects of a 12-week training program on isometric and dynamic force-time characteristics in pre– and post–peak height velocity male athletes. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 653–662, 2020—Literature shows that training children and adolescents can enhance strength and power irrespective of their stage of development; however, the development of the kinetic variables that underpin strength and power performance are typically unreported in youth training studies. Twenty-four pre– and 14 post–peak height velocity (PHV) male athletes were divided into maturity-specific experimental (EXP) and control groups (CON), with the EXP groups completing a twice-weekly, 12-week training program. Force-time characteristics during the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP), countermovement jump, and squat jump tests were quantified at both baseline and after the completion of the 12-week program. Alpha level was set at p < 0.05. No changes in total score for back-squat assessment were observed in any group (p > 0.05). Analysis of IMTP data revealed that only the post-PHV EXP group significantly increased absolute isometric peak force (PFabs) and peak rate of force development within the IMTP after training. Both EXP groups displayed significant increases in isometric PF at time epochs 0–90, 0–150, 0–200, and 0–250 ms. Data from the dynamic tests indicated that the pre-PHV EXP cohort improved concentric qualities as reflected by increased squat jump height and countermovement jump concentric power. There were no significant changes for any variables across all tests within either CON group (p > 0.05). Maturity-related differences in response to short-term training affects the kinetic variables associated with strength and power performance, but not movement competency in young male athletes.
Low-Velocity Loss Induces Similar Strength Gains to Moderate-Velocity Loss During Resistance Training
Authors: Galiano Carlos , Pareja-Blanco Fernando , Hidalgo de Mora Javier , Sáez de Villarreal Eduardo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Galiano, C, Pareja-Blanco, F, Hidalgo de Mora, J, and Sáez de Villarreal, E. Low-velocity loss induces similar strength gains to moderate-velocity loss during resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 340–345, 2022—This study aimed to analyze the effects of 2 velocity-based resistance training (VBT) programs that used the same relative loading but differed in the velocity loss (VL) throughout the set: 5% (VL5) vs. 20% (VL20). Twenty-eight physically active men (age: 23.0 ± 3.2 years; height: 175.8 ± 4.7 cm; body mass: 73.8 ± 10.8 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 groups: VL5 (n = 15) or VL20 (n = 13). Subjects followed a 7-week (14 sessions) VBT program using the squat exercise while repetition velocity was monitored. The following variables were assessed at pretest and posttest: estimated 1-repetition maximum (1RM); average velocity attained for all absolute loads common to pretest and posttest (AV); average velocity for those loads that were moved faster than 1 m·s−1 (AV > 1); average velocity for those loads that were moved slower than 1 m·s−1 (AV < 1); countermovement jump (CMJ); and 20-m running sprint time (T20). T20 and CMJ height were assessed before each training session to analyze their evolution during the training program. The VL5 group executed only 32.6% of the total repetitions performed by the VL20 group (156.9 ± 25.0 vs. 480.5 ± 162.0 rep). Both groups improved significantly (p < 0.01) in all variables analyzed (1RM, AV, AV > 1, AV < 1, CMJ, and T20) from pretest to posttest, with no significant differences between them. Therefore, a low VL (5%) induced similar gains in strength, jump, and sprint performance to a moderate VL of 20%, despite VL5 performing only 32.6% of the repetitions achieved by the VL20 group.