bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plattenepithelkarzinom auf dem Boden eines oralen Lichen planus
Authors: Koushk-Jalali Bijan , Schürrle Svenja , Kuntz Thomas , Mitrakos Georgios , Tigges Christian , Oellig Frank , Hammacher Andreas , Silling Steffi , Wieland Ulrike , Kreuter Alexander 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungBeim Lichen planus handelt es sich vermutlich um eine chronisch inflammatorische, immunologisch induzierte mukokutane Dermatose. Der Lichen planus mucosae manifestiert sich am häufigsten in der Mundhöhle. Diverse Triggerfaktoren wie bakterielle oder virale Infektionen, Medikamente oder physikalische Reize werden bei der Entstehung der Erkrankung diskutiert. Auch eine Assoziation mit Infektionen durch humane Papillomviren wurde beschrieben, ein kausaler Zusammenhang ist jedoch nicht hinreichend belegt. Als fakultative Präkanzerose kann sich auf dem Boden eines Lichen planus mucosae ein Plattenepithelkarzinom entwickeln, die maligne Transformationsrate ist aber gering. Das Risiko der malignen Transformation ist signifikant erhöht bei Patienten mit oralem Lichen planus, die rauchen, vermehrt Alkohol konsumieren oder an Hepatitis C erkrankt sind. Wir beschreiben 2 Patienten, bei denen sich lokal fortgeschrittene Plattenepithelkarzinome auf dem Boden eines langjährig bestehenden oralen Lichen planus entwickelten. Beide Fälle wurden erfolgreich durch radikale Tumorresektion mit anschließender Rekonstruktion und adjuvanter Radiatio/Radiochemotherapie behandelt.
Strahlenexposition bei häufigen interventionellen Eingriffen der Leber im Vergleich
Authors: Nadjiri Jonathan , Geith Tobias , Waggershauser Tobias , Heuser Lothar , Morhard Dominik , Bücker Arno , Paprottka Philipp M. 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die transarterielle Chemoembolisation (TACE) oder auch Gallenganginterventionen stellen häufige Leberinterventionen dar.

Ziel der Arbeit
In dieser retrospektiven Studie soll die Strahlenexposition der Patienten mit einem hepatischen Eingriff in Abhängigkeit von Art und Feinziel der Intervention analysiert und verglichen werden.

Material und Methoden
Dies ist eine Analyse von 7003 DeGIR-Registerdatensätzen aus den Jahren 2016 bis 2018 für TACE und Gallenganginterventionen. Das Dosisflächenprodukt (DFP) und die Durchleuchtungszeit (DL) sowie die Interventionsart und das anatomisch definierte Feinziel der Interventionen wurden erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt lagen Dosiswerte für 4985 durchgeführte TACE und 2018 Gallenganginterventionen vor. Bei Gallenganginterventionen lag der Median des DFP bei 2594 (Interquartilbereich [IQR] = 1174–5858) cGy*cm2. Bei der TACE betrug der Median des DFP 11.632 [IQR = 5530–22.800] cGy*cm2 und lag damit signifikant höher als bei Gallenganginterventionen (p < 0,0001). Gallengangeingriffe mit dem höchsten DFP sind Interventionen am Ductus hepaticus, während Eingriffe mit der längsten DL an der Hepatikusgabel stattfinden.

Diskussion
Die individuelle Strahlendosis für einen Patienten bei einer Leberintervention hängt weniger von der Komplexität des Eingriffs bzw. Durchleuchtungszeit ab, sondern von der Art des Eingriffs und vom Feinziel der Intervention. Die vorliegenden Dosisdaten können eine Hilfe sein, die Strahlenexposition bei einer Leberintervention bereits vor dem Eingriff grob abzuschätzen.
Strontium isotope stratigraphy through the Flatreef PGE-Ni-Cu mineralization at Turfspruit, northern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex: evidence of correlation with the Merensky Unit of the eastern and western limbs
Authors: Mayer Cédric C. , Jugo Pedro J. , Leybourne Matthew I. , Grobler Danie F. , Voinot Alexandre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe origin of PGE-Ni-Cu mineralization in the Platreef, northern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC), and the possible correlation with the Merensky Reef in the eastern and western limbs has been long debated. The Platreef and Merensky Reef share the same stratigraphic position in the uppermost part of the Upper Critical Zone (UCZ), near the transition to the overlaying Main Zone (MZ). However, discrepancies in interpretations have been difficult to resolve due to the effects of intense magma-country rock interaction throughout most of the northern limb succession. To address this problem, we generated a detailed stratigraphic profile of the initial strontium isotopic ratio [Sri = (87Sr/86Sr)i] in plagioclase across a Flatreef interval lacking macroscopic evidence of country rock assimilation. The in situ Sr isotopic ratios in plagioclase were determined using LA-MC-ICP-MS analysis on 37 samples from a drill core (UMT094) at the Turfspruit project. Strontium isotope stratigraphy is useful because of a well-documented shift in Sri near the base of the Merensky Unit in the eastern and western limbs. The results show the existence of a significant shift (from Sri = 0.7060 to Sri = 0.7090) that matches the isotopic shift documented through the Merensky Unit in the eastern and western limbs. Thus, this new Sr isotope data indicates that the main mineralized interval of the Flatreef can be stratigraphically correlated to the Merensky Reef in the remainder of the BIC. In addition, we interpret these results as compelling evidence to suggest that the main mineralization processes in the Flatreef were likely similar to those operating in the eastern and western limbs and that interaction with local country rocks was not a necessary condition.
Teichmüller spaces and Torelli theorems for hyperkähler manifolds
Authors: Looijenga Eduard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractKreck and Yang Su recently gave counterexamples to a version of the Torelli theorem for hyperkählerian manifolds as stated by Verbitsky. We extract the correct statement and give a short proof of it. We also revisit a few of its consequences, some of which are given new (shorter) proofs, and ask some questions.
Optimization of a sequential extraction procedure for trace elements in Arctic PM10
Authors: Conca Eleonora , Malandrino Mery , Giacomino Agnese , Costa Emanuele , Ardini Francisco , Inaudi Paolo , Abollino Ornella 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, a two-step sequential extraction scheme for the determination of trace elements in Arctic PM10samples was optimized by using two certified reference materials (CRMs). By means of an experimental design for qualitative variables, the five most common extracting solutions for particulate matter (PM) sequential extraction (high purity water (HPW), 0.032 M HNO3, 0.022 M HCl, 0.11 M CH3COOH, and 0.012 M CH3COOH/CH3COONH4buffer) and two different extraction methods (stirring and ultrasounds) were compared. The purpose of the study was the identification of the procedure which gives the best estimation of the anthropogenic portion of the elements present in PM10samples. The use of ultrasounds instead of stirring induced a low but significant decrease of the extraction of all the elements and a decrease in the repeatability of the procedure. Diluted HNO3was the extractant which allowed to maximize the extraction of anthropogenic elements (As, Cd, Pb, Zn) with respect to crustal ones (Al, Si, Ti). The optimized procedure proved successful in avoiding contaminations and, therefore, suitable to be applied to PM samples having extremely low concentrations, such as samples collected in polar or other remote areas. The chosen procedure was applied to ten Arctic PM10samples, allowing for a better identification of their sources. Indeed, it was possible to hypothesize that even though the concentrations of As, Cd, K, Mg, Mn, and Ni in spring and summer were different, their mobility and, therefore, their chemical form in the analyzed PM10samples were probably similar.
Conformal 3-Point Functions and the Lorentzian OPE in Momentum Space
Authors: Gillioz Marc 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn conformal field theory in Minkowski momentum space, the 3-point correlation functions of local operators are completely fixed by symmetry. Using Ward identities together with the existence of a Lorentzian operator product expansion (OPE), we show that the Wightman function of three scalar operators is a double hypergeometric series of the Appell $$F_4$$

F
4

type. We extend this simple closed-form expression to the case of two scalar operators and one traceless symmetric tensor with arbitrary spin. Time-ordered and partially-time-ordered products are constructed in a similar fashion and their relation with the Wightman function is discussed.
Specific B- and T-cell populations are associated with cognition in patients with epilepsy and antibody positive and negative suspected limbic encephalitis
Authors: Helmstaedter Christoph , Hansen Niels , Leelaarporn Pitshaporn , Schwing Kerstin , Oender Demet , Widman Guido , Racz Attila , Surges Rainer , Becker Albert , Witt Juri-Alexander 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
Neuropsychological impairments are major symptoms of autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE) epilepsy patients. In LE epilepsy patients with an autoimmune response against intracellular antigens as well as in antibody-negative patients, the antibody findings and magnetic resonance imaging pathology correspond poorly to the clinical features. Here, we evaluated whether T- and B-cells are linked to cognitive impairment in these groups.

Methods
In this cross-sectional, observational, case–controlled study, we evaluated 106 patients with adult-onset epilepsies with a suspected autoimmune etiology. We assessed verbal and visual memory, executive function, and mood in relation to the presence or absence of known auto-antibodies, and regarding T- and B-cell activity as indicated by flow cytometry (fluorescence-activated cell sorting = FACS, peripheral blood = PB and cerebrospinal fluid = CSF).

Results
56% of the patients were antibody-negative. In the other patients, auto-antibodies were directed against intracellular antigens (GAD65, paraneoplastic: 38%), or cellular surface antigens (LGI1/CASPR2/NMDA-R: 6%). Excluding LGI1/CASPR2/NMDA-R, the groups with and without antibodies did not differ in disease features, cognition, or mood. CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells in blood and CD4+ T-cells in CSF were prominent in the auto-antibody positive group. Regression analyses indicated the role education, drug load, amygdala and/or hippocampal pathology, and CD4+ T-cells play in verbal memory and executive function. Depressed mood revealed no relation to flow cytometry results.

Conclusion
Our results indicate a link between T- and B-cell activity and cognition in epilepsy patients with suspected limbic encephalitis, thus suggesting that flow cytometry results can provide an understanding of cognitive impairment in LE patients with autoantibodies against intracellular antigens.
The Stokes resolvent problem: optimal pressure estimates and remarks on resolvent estimates in convex domains
Authors: Tolksdorf Patrick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Stokes resolvent problem$$\lambda u - \Delta u + \nabla \phi = f$$λu-Δu+∇ϕ=fwith$${\text {div}}(u) = 0$$div(u)=0subject to homogeneous Dirichlet or homogeneous Neumann-type boundary conditions is investigated. In the first part of the paper we show that for Neumann-type boundary conditions the operator norm of$$\mathrm {L}^2_{\sigma } (\Omega ) \ni f \mapsto \phi \in \mathrm {L}^2 (\Omega )$$Lσ2(Ω)∋f↦ϕ∈L2(Ω)decays like$$|\lambda |^{- 1 / 2}$$|λ|-1/2which agrees exactly with the scaling of the equation. In comparison to that, the operator norm of this mapping under Dirichlet boundary conditions decays like$$|\lambda |^{- \alpha }$$|λ|-αfor$$0 \le \alpha \le 1 / 4$$0≤α≤1/4and we show optimality of this rate, thereby, violating the natural scaling of the equation. In the second part of this article, we investigate the Stokes resolvent problem subject to homogeneous Neumann-type boundary conditions if the underlying domain$$\Omega $$Ωis convex. Invoking a famous result of Grisvard (Elliptic problems in nonsmooth domains. Monographs and studies in mathematics, Pitman, 1985), we show that weak solutionsuwith right-hand side$$f \in \mathrm {L}^2 (\Omega ; {\mathbb {C}}^d)$$f∈L2(Ω;Cd)admit$$\mathrm {H}^2$$H2-regularity and further prove localized$$\mathrm {H}^2$$H2-estimates for the Stokes resolvent problem. By a generalized version of Shen’s$$\mathrm {L}^p$$Lp-extrapolation theorem (Shen in Ann Inst Fourier (Grenoble) 55(1):173–197, 2005) we establish optimal resolvent estimates and gradient estimates in$$\mathrm {L}^p (\Omega ; {\mathbb {C}}^d)$$Lp(Ω;Cd)for$$2d / (d + 2)< p < 2d / (d - 2)$$2d/(d+2)<p<2d/(d-2)(with$$1< p < \infty $$1<p<∞if$$d = 2$$d=2). This interval is larger than the known interval for resolvent estimates subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions (Shen in Arch Ration Mech Anal 205(2):395–424, 2012) on general Lipschitz domains.
Local participation in decentralized water governance: insights from north-central Namibia
Authors: Hegga Salma , Kunamwene Irene , Ziervogel Gina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough several semi-arid African countries are decentralizing water services and attempting to increase the participation of local actors in water resource management, how effectively this is working, and whether it is improving water access, is not yet well researched. Little attention has been paid to the capacities (in terms of knowledge and resources) that local actors need to successfully influence the operation and management of water services they are made responsible for. In a qualitative study, we asked regional and local actors in the Omusati Region of north-central Namibia for their perspectives on how water reforms, initiated in the late 1990s, have impacted on their participation in water governance. Our analysis reveals that decentralized governance of water resources can be ineffective if governments do not allocate sufficient resources to support and enable local actors to participate efficiently and effectively in the governance system. In the context of the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals, achieving greater equity and efficiency in the water sector while reducing climate risk will require that local actors receive more support in return for fuller and more effective participation. We suggest that policy and practice around decentralized water governance pay more attention to building the capacities of local actors to absorb the responsibilities transferred to them.
Safety and efficacy of etelcalcetide, an intravenous calcimimetic, for up to 52 weeks in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: results of a post-marketing surveillance in Japan
Authors: Yokoyama Keitaro , Fukagawa Masafumi , Shigematsu Takashi , Akiba Takashi , Yoshikawa Ken , Tsuchiya Akira , Kuwabara Misato , Akizawa Tadao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Etelcalcetide is a second-generation calcimimetic for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients on dialysis. We performed a post-marketing surveillance (PMS) to obtain information on the safety and efficacy of etelcalcetide in clinical practice in Japan.

Methods
This PMS enrolled SHPT patients who started initial treatment with etelcalcetide between April 1, 2017 and February 28, 2018 in Japan. Safety [adverse drug reactions (ADRs)] and efficacy [serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), corrected calcium (cCa), phosphorous (P), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] were recorded for up to 52 weeks or until treatment discontinuation. Treatment decisions were at the physician’s discretion.

Results
Of 1226 patients enrolled across 282 centers, safety and efficacy data were available for 1195 and 1192, respectively, while 933 continued treatment to Week 52. The starting dose was 5 mg in 82.0% of patients. There were 218 ADRs in 169 patients (14.1%). Metabolism and nutrition disorders (8.8%), adverse laboratory test results (1.8%), and gastrointestinal disorders (1.6%) were the most frequent classes of ADRs. Hypocalcemia-related ADRs occurred in 104 patients (8.7%). The percentage of patients with iPTH levels within the target range (60–240 pg/mL) steadily increased from 19.5% at Week 0 to 64.1% at Week 52 or last dose. cCa, P, and ALP levels remained well controlled.

Conclusion
This was the first real-world, large-scale, long-term observational PMS of etelcalcetide in Japan. We did not observe any new safety concerns. Etelcalcetide was associated with clinically relevant improvements in serum iPTH and maintenance of serum cCa, P, and ALP levels.
Quantification of Myocardial Blood Flow by Machine Learning Analysis of Modified Dual Bolus MRI Examination
Authors: Husso Minna , Afara Isaac O. , Nissi Mikko J. , Kuivanen Antti , Halonen Paavo , Tarkia Miikka , Teuho Jarmo , Saunavaara Virva , Vainio Pauli , Sipola Petri , Manninen Hannu , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo , Knuuti Juhani , Töyräs Juha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising method for estimating myocardial blood flow (MBF). However, it is often affected by noise from imaging artefacts, such as dark rim artefact obscuring relevant features. Machine learning enables extracting important features from such noisy data and is increasingly applied in areas where traditional approaches are limited. In this study, we investigate the capacity of machine learning, particularly support vector machines (SVM) and random forests (RF), for estimating MBF from tissue impulse response signal in an animal model. Domestic pigs (n = 5) were subjected to contrast enhanced first pass MRI (MRI-FP) and the impulse response at different regions of the myocardium (n = 24/pig) were evaluated at rest (n = 120) and stress (n = 96). Reference MBF was then measured using positron emission tomography (PET). Since the impulse response may include artefacts, classification models based on SVM and RF were developed to discriminate noisy signal. In addition, regression models based on SVM, RF and linear regression (for comparison) were developed for estimating MBF from the impulse response at rest and stress. The classification and regression models were trained on data from 4 pigs (n = 168) and tested on 1 pig (n = 48). Models based on SVM and RF outperformed linear regression, with higher correlation (R
SVM
2
= 0.81, R
RF
2
= 0.74, R
linear_regression
2
= 0.60; ρSVM = 0.76, ρRF = 0.76, ρlinear_regression = 0.71) and lower error (RMSESVM = 0.67 mL/g/min, RMSERF = 0.77 mL/g/min, RMSElinear_regression = 0.96 mL/g/min) for predicting MBF from MRI impulse response signal. Classifier based on SVM was optimal for detecting impulse response signals with artefacts (accuracy = 92%). Modified dual bolus MRI signal, combined with machine learning, has potential for accurately estimating MBF at rest and stress states, even from signals with dark rim artefacts. This could provide a protocol for reliable and easy estimation of MBF, although further research is needed to clinically validate the approach.
The Psychosocial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Youth Living with HIV in Western Kenya
Authors: Dyer Jessica , Wilson Kate , Badia Jacinta , Agot Kawango , Neary Jillian , Njuguna Irene , Kibugi James , Healy Elise , Beima-Sofie Kristin , John-Stewart Grace , Kohler Pamela 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess psychosocial effects of COVID-19 among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in Kenya and to assess the feasibility of conducting behavioral surveys by phone. We adapted our protocol to administer telephone rather than in-person follow-up surveys and included questions about COVID-19. The majority of participants (99%) reported having heard of COVID-19; 23% reported no longer being able to go outside, 17% reported that they could no longer go to their regular clinic for medical care, and 3% reported that they could no longer get medication refills. PHQ-9 screening identified 9% (n = 45) with mild depression symptoms, and 1% (n = 3) with moderate-to-severe depression symptoms. Young adults 20–24 years old had more mild to severe depressive symptoms than the younger age groups (p < 0.001). Offering remote peer-support or mental health care, continuing to offer differentiated care services, and considering financial support will support the health and well-being of ALHIV.
Using occupancy models to assess the direct and indirect impacts of agricultural expansion on species’ populations
Authors: Semper-Pascual Asunción , Decarre Julieta , Baumann Matthias , Camino Micaela , Di Blanco Yamil , Gómez-Valencia Bibiana , Kuemmerle Tobias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLand-use change is a global threat to biodiversity, but how land-use change affects species beyond the direct effect of habitat loss remains poorly understood. We developed an approach to isolate and map the direct and indirect effects of agricultural expansion on species of conservation concern, using the threatened giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in the Gran Chaco as an example. We reconstructed anteater occupancy change between 1985 and 2015 by fitting single-season occupancy models with contemporary camera-trap data and backcasting the models to 1985 and 2000 land-cover/use maps. Based on this, we compared the area of forest loss (direct effect of agricultural expansion) with the area where forests remained but occupancy still declined (indirect effect of agricultural expansion). Anteater occupancy decreased substantially since 1985, particularly after 2000 when agriculture expanded rapidly. Between 1985 and 2015, ~ 64,000 km2of forest disappeared, yet occupancy declined across a larger area (~ 102,000 km2), extending far into seemingly untransformed habitat. This suggests that widespread sink habitat has emerged due to agricultural land-use change, and that species may lose their habitat through direct and indirect effects of agricultural expansion, highlighting the urgent need for broad-scale conservation planning in the Chaco. Appropriate management responses could proactively protect more habitat where populations are stable, and restore habitat or address causes of mortality in areas where declines occur. Our work also highlights how occupancy modelling combined with remote sensing can help to detect the direct and indirect effects of agricultural expansion, providing guidance for spatially targeting conservation strategies to halt extinctions.
Analyzing non-sentinel axillary metastases in patients with T3–T4 cN0 early breast cancer and tumor-involved sentinel lymph nodes undergoing breast-conserving therapy or mastectomy
Authors: Riedel Fabian , Heil Joerg , Feisst Manuel , Moderow Mareike , von Au Alexandra , Domschke Christoph , Michel Laura , Schaefgen Benedikt , Golatta Michael , Hennigs André 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In the ACOSOG Z0011 trial, completing axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) did not benefit patients with T1–T2 cN0 early breast cancer and 1–2 positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCT). This paper reports cALND rates in the clinical routine for patients who had higher (T3–T4) tumor stages and/or underwent mastectomy but otherwise met the ACOSOG Z0011 eligibility criteria. Aim of this study is to determine cALND time trends and non-sentinel axillary metastases (NSAM) rates to estimate occult axillary tumor burden.

Methods
Data were included from patients treated in 179 German breast cancer centers between 2008 and 2015. Time-trend rates were analyzed for cALND of patients with T3–T4 tumors separated for BCT and mastectomy and regarding presence of axillary macrometastases or micrometastases.

Results
Data were available for 188,909 patients, of whom 19,009 were identified with 1–2 positive SLN. Those 19,009 patients were separated into 4 cohorts: (1) Patients with T1–T2 tumors receiving BCT (ACOSOG Z0011 eligible; n = 13,741), (2) T1–T2 with mastectomy (n = 4093), (3) T3–T4 with BCT (n = 269), (4) T3–T4 with mastectomy (n = 906). Among patients with T3–T4 tumors, cALND rates declined from 2008 to 2015: from 88.2 to 62.6% for patients receiving mastectomy and from 96.6 to 58.1% in patients receiving BCT. Overall rates for any NSAM after cALND for cohorts 1–4 were 33.4%, 42.3%, 46.9%, 58.8%, respectively.

Conclusions
The cALND rates have decreased substantially in routine care in patients with ‘extended’ ACOSOG Z0011 eligibility criteria. Axillary tumor burden is higher in these patients than in the ACOSOG Z0011 trial.