bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ResolvinD1 attenuates high-mobility group box 1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Yang Pingli , Chen Shan , Zhong Gang , Wang Yan , Kong Weijia , Wang Yanjun 
Published: November 2019

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is prevalent during the progression of tumors. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is no exception. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was reported to have the effect of inducing EMT in malignancy. However, the impact of HMGB1-induced EMT in NPC is unclear. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) was reported to regress the progression of inflammation and apoptosis of phagocytes. The effect of RvD1 in the EMT is largely unknown. The current research explored the role of RvD1 on HMGB1-induced EMT in NPC. EMT markers were investigated in 10 NPC and 10 nasopharyngitis (NPG) patients using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. In vitro, expression of EMT markers and HMGB1 in CNE1 and CNE2 cells was assessed with immunohistochemical, Western blot, and confocal microscopy after treatment with recombinant human HMGB1 (rhHMGB1) or HMGB1 gene silencing or RvD1. The invasion and migration of NPC cells were detected by scratch test and transwell assay. Overexpression and gene silencing of lipoxin A4 receptor/formyl peptide receptor 2 (ALX/FPR2) and G protein-coupled receptor 32 (GPR32) in CNE2 cells confirmed the effect of RvD1 using Western blots. N-cadherin, vimentin, and HMGB1 were found up-regulated in NPC samples compared with NPG samples, while ZO-1 and E-cadherin were down-regulated in NPC tissues. RhHMGB1-induced EMT in CNE1 and CNE2 cells in a dose-dependent way. CNE2 cell lines treated with rhHMGB1 possessed greater invasion and migration ability, which was confirmed by gene silencing. RvD1 suppressed HMGB1-induced EMT in NPC cells via ALX/FPR2 and GPR32 receptors. These results showed that EMT was obvious in NPC. HMGB1 played a key role in inducing EMT. RvD1 inhibited HMGB1-induced EMT and might have potential application in the area of NPC treatment. Impact statement Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a high incidence in China. Discussing the molecular mechanism of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is important because of high recurrent rate and low quality of life after treatment. HMGB1, as an important inflammatory factor, promotes the process in many cancers. But little is known about how HMGB1 affects the progress of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. In our research, we assessed the role of HMGB1 on metastasis and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. The result of study indicates HMGB1-induced EMT in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Furthermore, we observed that RvD1, which plays an actively protective role in many diseases, controls the migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inhibiting the HMGB1-induced EMT. RvD1 can be further studied as a protective factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Determinants of infant feeding practices among mothers living with HIV attending prevention of mother to child transmission Clinic at Kiambu Level 4 hospital, Kenya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Andare Naureen , Ochola Sophie , Chege Peter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome is global pandemic with around 150,000 children infected with HIV in 2015. In Kenya, it is estimated that 11,000 children who are under 15 years old were infected. Safe infant feeding practices are the major important determinants of the prevention of mother to child transmission. The decision to breastfeed or not is considered a very tough choice for mothers living with HIV. This study assessed the infant feeding practices and its determinants among mothers living with HIV with infants 0–12 months old.

Methods
This was a mixed methods cross-sectional study adopting qualitative and quantitative data collection procedures. A sample of 180 systematically selected mothers living with HIV with infants 0–12 months old attending prevention of mother to child transmission clinic participated in the study.

Results
Exclusive breastfeeding rate was 71.4%, mixed feeding (18.2%) and replacement feeding (10.4%). Complementary feeding with continued breastfeeding rate was 63.1%. Similarly, qualitative results showed that exclusive breastfeeding was the most preferred feeding method by mothers living with HIV. Age (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 0.19; (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.41, 0.85; p = 0.030) and infant feeding practice knowledge (AOR 0.20; 95% CI 0.06, 0.64; p = 0.007) were determinants of exclusive breastfeeding. Education AOR 0.17; 95% CI 0.03, 0.85; p = 0.002) and occupation (AOR 3.91; 95% CI 1.24, 12.32; p = 0.020) were determinants of complementary feeding with continued breastfeeding.

Conclusion
Exclusive breastfeeding is attainable in this population. However, poor infant feeding practice knowledge led to non-adherence to safe infant feeding practices such as exclusive breastfeeding. Socio-demographic factors such as age, education and occupation were established as determinants of infant feeding practices among mothers living with HIV. Ministry of Health should come up with strategies on infant feeding counseling that are aligned to a local context, to allow mothers to understand the importance of recommended infant feeding options for HIV-exposed infants.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics and follow up of 62 cases of ketotic hypoglycemia: a retrospective study
Authors: Kaplowitz Paul , Sekizkardes Hilal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia (KH) is the most common cause of hypoglycemia in non-diabetic children ages 0.5–6 years old and typically occurs after a period of poor food intake. There are no large studies looking at the value of common laboratory testing in children presenting with KH or how often other diagnoses are made.

Objectives
To examine the clinical presentations and the value of laboratory testing done in a cohort of children clinically diagnosed with KH.

Methods
Billing records were searched from 2008 to 2017 for patients seen by the endocrine service for “hypoglycemia, not otherwise specified”. Charts were reviewed to determine age, sex, presenting symptoms and testing ordered at the time of the consult. Through chart reviews after the event and parent phone calls, diagnoses other than idiopathic KH were searched.

Results
Of 150 charts reviewed, 62 had sufficient information to make a clinical diagnosis of KH (32 males 30 females, mean age 2.9 years). Most had a history of gastrointestinal illness or prolonged fasting but 29% had no apparent precipitating event. Laboratory testing was quite variable and while low serum CO2 was seen in over half, no routine hormone testing, metabolic testing or supervised fasting resulted in a relevant diagnosis. We identified 4 out of 62 (6.5%) with relevant diagnoses which explained KH, including one child with failure to thrive found to have growth hormone (GH) deficiency and 3 by genetic testing, including one case of GSD type 9α, but all had atypical presentations.

Conclusions
In the typical setting of a healthy 0.5–6 year-old child with an uncomplicated episode of KH following poor food intake and a normal exam including growth, hormonal and metabolic testing can safely be deferred. However, frequent recurrences and atypical features should prompt further investigation.

Trial registration
Not needed for a retrospective chart review study.
Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting is not increased by combination of low concentration sevoflurane and propofol compared with propofol alone in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery
Authors: Uchinami Yuka , Takikawa Satoshi , Takashima Fumiki , Maeda Yosuke , Nasu Satoki , Ito Ayumi , Saito Tatushi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is higher in patients receiving volatile anesthetics than those receiving total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol. However, it is unclear whether its incidence is increased when a low concentration of sevoflurane is used in combination with propofol.MethodsThis prospective, randomized, controlled trial enrolled women undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive general anesthesia either with propofol alone (group P) or with 0.8% sevoflurane and propofol (group SP,n = 36, each group) for maintenance of anesthesia. The incidence of PONV and the number of patients who required antiemetics were compared.ResultsThere were no differences in the incidence of PONV and the number of patients who required antiemetics between the P and SP groups.ConclusionsA combination of 0.8% sevoflurane and propofol to maintain anesthesia does not increase the incidence of PONV compared with TIVA with propofol.Trial registrationUMIN-CTRUMIN000023647, registered 14 August 2016.
Long-Acting Growth Hormone Preparations – Current Status and Future Considerations
Authors: Miller Bradley S , Velazquez Eric , Yuen Kevin C J 
Published: November 2019

AbstractContextLong-acting GH (LAGH) preparations are currently being developed in an attempt to improve adherence. The profile of GH action following administration of LAGH raises practical questions about clinical monitoring and long-term safety and efficacy of these new therapeutic agents.MethodsRecent literature and meeting proceedings regarding LAGH preparations are reviewed.ResultsMultiple LAGH preparations are currently at various stages of development, allowing for decreased GH injection frequency from daily to weekly, biweekly, or monthly. Following administration of LAGH, the serum peak and trough GH and IGF-I levels vary depending upon the mechanism used to prolong GH action. Randomized, controlled clinical trials of some LAGH preparations have reported non-inferiority compared with daily recombinant human GH (rhGH) for improved growth velocity and body composition in children and adults with GH deficiency (GHD), respectively. No significant LAGH-related adverse events have been reported during short-term therapy.ConclusionMultiple LAGH preparations are proceeding through clinical development with some showing promising evidence of short-term clinical efficacy and safety in children and adults with GHD. The relationship of transient elevations of GH and IGF-I following administration of LAGH to efficacy and safety remain to be elucidated. For LAGH to replace daily rhGH in the treatment of individuals with GHD, a number of practical questions need to be addressed including methods of dose adjustment, timing of monitoring of IGF-I, safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness. Long-term surveillance of efficacy and safety of LAGH preparations will be needed to answer these clinically relevant questions.
Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism by Seated Saline Suppression Test—Variability Between Immunoassay and HPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Thuzar Moe , Young Karen , Ahmed Ashraf H , Ward Greg , Wolley Martin , Guo Zeng , Gordon Richard D , McWhinney Brett C , Ungerer Jacobus P , Stowasser Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In primary aldosteronism (PA), excessive, autonomous secretion of aldosterone is not suppressed by salt loading or fludrocortisone. For seated saline suppression testing (SSST), the recommended diagnostic cutoff 4-hour plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) measured by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS is 162 pmol/L. Most diagnostic laboratories, however, use immunoassays to measure PAC. The cutoff for SSST using immunoassay is not known. We hypothesized that the cutoff is different between the assays.

Methods
We analyzed 80 of the 87 SSST tests that were performed during our recent study defining the HPLC-MS/MS cutoff. PA was confirmed in 65 by positive fludrocortisone suppression testing (FST) and/or lateralization on adrenal venous sampling and excluded in 15 by negative FST. PAC was measured by a chemiluminescence immunoassay (PACIA) in the SSST samples using the DiaSorin Liaison XL analyzer, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to identify the PACIA cutoff.

Results
ROC revealed good performance (area under the curve = 0.893; P &lt; .001) of 4-hour postsaline PACIA for diagnosis of PA and an optimal diagnostic cutoff of 171 pmol/L, with sensitivity and specificity of 95.4% and 80.0%, respectively. A higher cutoff of 217 pmol/L improved specificity (86.7%) with lower sensitivity (86.2%). PACIA measurements strongly correlated with PAC measured by HPLC-MS (r = 0.94, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
A higher diagnostic cutoff for SSST should be employed when PAC is measured by immunoassay rather than HPLC-MS/MS. The results suggest that (i) PA can be excluded if 4-hour PACIA is less than 171 pmol/L, and (ii) PA is highly likely if the PACIA is greater than 217 pmol/L by chemiluminescence immunoassay. A gray zone exists between the cutoffs of 171 and 217 pmol/L, likely reflecting a lower specificity of immunoassay.
Bone Mineral Density across the Lifespan in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Halper-Stromberg Eitan , Gallo Tyler , Champakanath Anagha , Taki Iman , Rewers Marian , Snell-Bergeon Janet , Frohnert Brigitte I , Shah Viral N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Context
Fracture risk in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is higher than their peers without diabetes.

Objective
To compare bone mineral density (BMD) across the lifespan in individuals with T1D and age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Design
Cross-sectional.

Setting
Subjects (5–71 years) with T1D and matched controls from ongoing research studies at Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes.

Patients or other participants
Participants with lumbar spine BMD by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were divided into 2 groups: children ≤20 years and adults &gt;20 years.

Intervention
None.

Main outcome measures
Comparison of BMD by diabetes status across age groups and sex using a linear least squares model adjusted for age and body mass index (body mass index (BMI) for adults; and BMI z-score in children).

Results
Lumbar spine BMD from 194 patients with T1D and 156 controls were analyzed. There was no difference in age- and BMI-adjusted lumbar spine BMD between patients with T1D and controls: among male children (least squares mean ± standard error of the mean [LSM ± SEM]; 0.80 ± 0.01 vs 0.80 ± 0.02 g/cm2, P = .98) or adults (1.01 ± 0.03 vs 1.01 ± 0.03 g/cm2, P = .95), and female children (0.78 ± 0.02 vs 0.81 ± 0.02 g/cm2, P = .23) or adults (0.98 ± 0.02 vs 1.01 ± 0.02 g/cm2, P = .19). Lumbar spine (0.98 ± 0.02 vs 1.04 ± 0.02 g/cm2, P = .05), femoral neck (0.71 ± 0.02 vs 0.79 ± 0.02 g/cm2, P = .003), and total hip (0.84 ± 0.02 vs 0.91 ± 0.02, P = .005) BMD was lower among postmenopausal women with T1D than postmenopausal women without diabetes.

Conclusion
Across age groups, lumbar spine BMD was similar in patients with T1D compared with age- and sex-matched participants without diabetes, except postmenopausal females with T1D had lower lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip BMD.
The Macrophage Activation Marker Soluble CD163 is Longitudinally Associated With Insulin Sensitivity and β-cell Function
Authors: Semnani-Azad Zhila , Connelly Philip W , Johnston Luke W , Retnakaran Ravi , Harris Stewart B , Zinman Bernard , Hanley Anthony J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Context
Chronic inflammation arising from adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) activation may be central in type 2 diabetes etiology. Our objective was to assess the longitudinal associations of soluble CD163 (sCD163), a novel biomarker of ATM activation, with insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and dysglycemia in high-risk subjects.

Methods
Adults at risk for type 2 diabetes in the Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) study had 3 assessments over 6 years (n = 408). Levels of sCD163 were measured using fasting serum. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by HOMA2-%S and the Matsuda index (ISI). β-cell function was determined by insulinogenic index (IGI) over HOMA-IR and insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2). Incident dysglycemia was defined as the onset of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or type 2 diabetes. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) evaluated longitudinal associations of sCD163 with insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and incident dysglycemia adjusting for demographic and lifestyle covariates. Areas under receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AROC) tested whether sCD163 improved dysglycemia prediction in a clinical model.

Results
Longitudinal analyses showed significant inverse associations between sCD163 and insulin sensitivity (% difference per standard deviation increase of sCD163 for HOMA2-%S (β = −7.01; 95% CI, −12.26 to −1.44) and ISI (β = −7.60; 95% CI, −11.09 to −3.97) and β-cell function (ISSI-2 (β = −4.67; 95 %CI, −8.59 to −0.58) and IGI/HOMA-IR (β = −8.75; 95% CI, −15.42 to −1.56)). Increased sCD163 was associated with greater risk for incident dysglycemia (odds ratio = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06; P &lt; 0.001). Adding sCD163 data to a model with clinical variables improved prediction of incident dysglycemia (AROC=0.6731 vs 0.638; P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
sCD163 was longitudinally associated with core disorders that precede the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Transcriptome Analysis of lncRNAs in Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas
Authors: Job Sylvie , Georges Adrien , Burnichon Nelly , Buffet Alexandre , Amar Laurence , Bertherat Jérôme , Bouatia-Naji Nabila , de Reyniès Aurélien , Drui Delphine , Lussey-Lepoutre Charlotte , Favier Judith , Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule , Castro-Vega Luis Jaime 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Context
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are neuroendocrine tumors explained by germline or somatic mutations in about 70% of cases. Patients with SDHB mutations are at high risk of developing metastatic disease, yet no reliable tumor biomarkers are available to predict tumor aggressiveness.

Objective
We aimed at identifying long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) specific for PPGL molecular groups and metastatic progression.

Design and Methods
To analyze the expression of lncRNAs, we used a mining approach of transcriptome data from a well-characterized series of 187 tumor tissues. Clustering consensus analysis was performed to determine a lncRNA-based classification, and informative transcripts were validated in an independent series of 51 PPGLs. The expression of metastasis-related lncRNAs was confirmed by RT-qPCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to estimate the predictive accuracy of potential markers.

Main Outcome Measure
Univariate/multivariate and metastasis-free survival (MFS) analyses were carried out for the assessment of risk factors and clinical outcomes.

Results
Four lncRNA-based subtypes strongly correlated with mRNA expression clusters (chi-square P-values from 1.38 × 10–32 to 1.07 × 10–67). We identified one putative lncRNA (GenBank: BC063866) that accurately discriminates metastatic from benign tumors in patients with SDHx mutations (area under the curve 0.95; P = 4.59 × 10–05). Moreover, this transcript appeared as an independent risk factor associated with poor clinical outcome of SDHx carriers (log-rank test P = 2.29 × 10–05).

Conclusion
Our findings extend the spectrum of transcriptional dysregulations in PPGL to lncRNAs and provide a novel biomarker that could be useful to identify potentially metastatic tumors in patients carrying SDHx mutations.
Reviews
Authors: Londrigan Michael P. , Blanco F. José 
Published: November 2019

Menswear Revolution: The Transformation of Contemporary Men’s Fashion, Jay McCauley Bowstead (2018) London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 210 pp., ISBN 978-1-47428-900-9, h/bk, £67.50
Peacock Revolution: American Masculine Identity and Dress in the Sixties and Seventies, Daniel Delis Hill (2018) London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 210 pp., ISBN 978-1-3500-5643-5, h/bk, £85.00
Gênero, sexualidade e biopolítica: Processos de gestão da vida em políticas contemporâneas de inclusão social
Authors: Dal'Igna Maria Cláudia , Meyer Dagmar Estermann , Dornelles Priscila Gomes , Klein Carin 
Published: November 2019

Este artigo examina a relação entre gênero, sexualidade e biopolítica para apontar alguns de seus desdobramentos e efeitos nas formas de gestão da vida e de condução da conduta de mulheres e de homens nas chamadas “políticas públicas de inclusão social”. A análise qualitativa articula resultados de um conjunto de estudos desenvolvidos por um grupo de pesquisa no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. O aporte teórico advém dos estudos de gênero pós-estruturalistas, dos estudos queere dos estudos foucaultianos. Com esta análise, pode-se concluir que, em nome da inclusão social, as políticas públicas acabam por intervir e regular a vida de determinados sujeitos/grupos a custos mínimos para garantir a diminuição dos riscos sociais e maiores níveis de segurança para a população. Argumenta-se que gênero e sexualidade têm sido mobilizados para criar e fortalecer algumas formas de regulação que devem tornar mulheres e homens capazes de agir sobre si e sobre os outros, mantendo-se participantes e buscando soluções para problemas sociais contemporâneos.
States of mind – political theatre at the age of nomadism
Authors: Lachman Michal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The review article comments on major themes and ideas analysed by S.E. Wilmer’s Performing Statelessness in Europe (Palgrave 2018). Wilmer’s analysis offers an overview of most recent as well as historical approaches to the concept of citizenship and the state which have been developed by avant-garde artists and theatre makers. The overall aim of Wilmer’s survey of political art is to “assess strategies by creative artists to address matters relating to social justice”. He also gives a significant amount of attention to various projects carried by German theatres which attempt to integrate resident immigrants into German society. The central thrust of his argument falls on a variety of contemporary theatrical initiatives directly concerned with the life of refugees and asylum seekers. The review highlights those aspects of Wilmer’s argument which directly concern the concept of modern society, nation state and identity. Wilmer shows precisely these aspects of modern state as most destructive. The review questions that assumption, arguing that the criticism of modern society should be more subtle and nuanced and that the potential failure of responding properly to the crisis does not necessarily lie entirely on the side of the state
The Art of Un-Making: Nagasaki, Eniwetok, Mururoa, and J.G. Ballard
Authors: Oramus Dominika 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper analyzes one kind of Ballardian landscape, wastelands created by nuclear explosions, and aims at interpreting them as a study of the un-making of the human-made world. Cityscapes of ruins, crumbling concrete concourses and parking lots, abandoned barracks and military stations, radiation and mutations make Nagasaki, Eniwetok and Mururoa wasteland snap-shots of the future. In the minds of the protagonists, the un-made landscape is strangely soothing; they are attracted by the post-nuclear imagery and gladly embrace the upcoming catastrophe. Nagasaki, Eniwetok and Mururoa are the harbingers of a future where one can experience the nirvana of non-being. In this paper, I discuss the Ballardian un-making of the world and, hopefully, point to the subliminal meaning of atomic explosions in his works. To do this, I first discuss the references to the atomic bomb in Ballard's non-fiction (A User's Guide to the Millennium, J.G.Ballard Conversations). Then, I isolate and describe the subsequent stages of the un-making of the world using his depictions of Nagasaki (Empire of the Sun, The Atrocity Exhibition); Eniwetok (The Atrocity Exhibition, The Terminal Beach), and Mururoa (Rushing to Paradise). Finally, I suggest a hypothesis explaining the subliminal meaning of nuclear bombs with reference to Freud's theories.