bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans in Germany 2011–17
Authors: Marosevic Durdica V , Berger Anja , Kahlmeter Gunnar , Payer Sarah Katharina , Hörmansdorfer Stefan , Sing Andreas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Diphtheria is mainly caused by diphtheria-toxin-producing strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans. The recommended first-line antibiotic is penicillin or erythromycin, but reliable susceptibility data are scarce.

Objectives
To define WT MIC distributions of 12 antimicrobial agents and provide data for the determination of tentative epidemiological cut-off values (TECOFFs) for potentially toxigenic corynebacteria and to evaluate the potential usefulness of a gradient test (Etest) for susceptibility testing of penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin.

Methods
For the 421 human or veterinary isolates from the period 2011–17, MICs of 12 antimicrobial agents were determined. Etest performance was evaluated for penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin.

Results
MIC distributions were characterized and TECOFFs could be set for 11 out of 24 antibiotic/species combinations. The current EUCAST clinical breakpoints, predominantly determined for Corynebacterium species other than C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans, divide the WT MIC distributions of penicillin and clindamycin, thereby making reproducible susceptibility testing of C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans difficult. For erythromycin, 4% of C. diphtheriae and 2% of C. ulcerans had MICs higher than those for WT isolates. Phenotypically detectable resistance to other antibiotics was rare. Etest underestimated MICs of penicillin and lower concentrations needed to be included for erythromycin, while for clindamycin the Etest was not a good surrogate method.

Conclusions
MIC distributions based on reference broth microdilution for potentially toxigenic Corynebacterium spp. were developed. For five and six agents, TECOFFs were suggested for C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans, respectively, but for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis the number of isolates was too low.
Activity of ceftaroline versus ceftobiprole against staphylococci and pneumococci in the UK and Ireland: analysis of BSAC surveillance data
Authors: Horner Carolyne , Mushtaq Shazad , Livermore David M ,   the BSAC Resistance Surveillance Standing Committee, Allen M , Brown D F J , Johnson A P , Livermore D M , Longshaw C , MacGowan A P , Woodford N , Allen M , Brown D F J , Johnson A P , Livermore D M , Longshaw C , MacGowan A P , Woodford N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Ceftaroline and ceftobiprole inhibit most MRSA and MDR pneumococci. Few direct comparisons of their activity have been published, but in several years (2008, 2013, 2017 and 2018) both were tested in parallel in the BSAC Resistance Surveillance Programme, giving paired results. These are reviewed.

Methods
Isolates included were bloodstream Staphylococcus aureus [n = 1884 (MRSA, n = 234)], bloodstream CoNS (n = 813; 574 methicillin resistant), and bloodstream (n = 852) and respiratory (n = 670) Streptococcus pneumoniae. MICs were determined by BSAC agar dilution and reviewed against EUCAST breakpoints; S. aureus breakpoints were assumed for CoNS.

Results
Ceftaroline MICs were mostly 2-fold lower than those of ceftobiprole, but, for all groups, MICs of both agents were strongly inter-related. Methicillin-susceptible staphylococci were universally susceptible to both agents; all MRSA were susceptible to ceftobiprole, whereas 10/234 had intermediate/high-dose susceptibility to ceftaroline. Among methicillin-resistant CoNS, 88% were susceptible to both agents, but reduced ceftaroline susceptibility and ceftobiprole resistance were frequent (65%) among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus. One S. pneumoniae was resistant to both ceftaroline (MIC 0.5 mg/L) and ceftobiprole (MIC 1 mg/L) and seven others were only resistant to ceftobiprole (MIC 1 mg/L); seven of these eight pneumococci belonged to serotype 19A or 19F. No time trend in susceptibility was seen for either cephalosporin.

Conclusions
Ceftaroline and ceftobiprole have similarly good activity against staphylococci and pneumococci. Therapeutic choices between these agents should be predicated on other differentiating factors, including licensed indications, clinical experience and need for Gram-negative coverage.
Toxicological Evaluation of Novel Butenolide Pesticide Flupyradifurone AgainstCulex quinquefasciatus(Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim , Vogel Christoph Franz Adam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe impact of increasing resistance of mosquitoes to conventional pesticides has led to investigate various unique tools and pest control strategies. Herein, we assessed the potency of flupyradifurone, a novel pesticide, on fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Further, we evaluated the synergistic action of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and the octopamine receptor agonists (OR agonists) chlordimeform (CDM) and amitraz (AMZ) on the toxicity of flupyradifurone in comparison with sulfoxaflor and nitenpyram to increase their toxicity on Cx. quinquefasciatus. Results demonstrated that flupyradifurone was the most potent pesticide followed by sulfoxaflor and nitenpyram. Further, the synergetic effect of PBO, CDM, and AMZ was significant for all selected pesticides especially flupyradifurone. However, AMZ had the most significant effect in combination with the selected pesticides followed by CDM and PBO. The toxicity of the pesticides was time-dependent and increased over time from 24, 48, to 72 h of exposure in all experiments. The results indicate that flupyradifurone is a promising component in future mosquito control programs.
Lethal Effects of a Silica Gel + Pyrethrins (Drione) onAmblyomma americanum(Ixodida: Ixodidae) Larvae and Nymphs
Authors: Showler Allan T , Garcia Abigail R , Caesar Ryan M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIxodids (hard ticks) ingest blood from host animals, and they can transmit pathogenic organisms that induce medical and veterinary diseases. As resistance to synthetic conventional acaricides becomes more common, alternative tactics are coming under heightened scrutiny. Laboratory bioassays were used to assess the efficacy of CimeXa, a commercially available silica gel desiccant dust product, and Drione, a commercial product containing silica gel + pyrethrins and a synergist, piperonyl butoxide, against lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Ixodida: Ixodidae), larvae and nymphs. Both life stages were completely killed by CimeXa by 24 h, and Drione caused total larval mortality within 1 h when they were briefly immersed in the dusts and when they crawled across dust-treated substrate; nymphs were completely killed by 4 h after the same kinds of exposure. Mortality of A. americanum larvae and nymphs occurred after the pests crawled across dried aqueous suspensions of the products, but this was not as efficient and fast-acting as when the immature life stages were exposed to dry dusts. Further, dried aqueous suspensions of Drione were not substantially more lethal than dried aqueous suspensions of CimeXa. CimeXa and Drione will provide prophylactic control on vegetation and animals for as long as the silica gel remains without being physically removed. Both of the dust-based products will likely also be effective against other problematic ixodid species. Advantages and disadvantages, and potential uses, of desiccant dust-based acaricides are discussed.
Interference and interferometry in electron holography
Authors: Harada Ken 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper reviews the basics of electron holography as an introduction of the holography part of this special issue in Microscopy. We discuss the general principle of holography and interferometry regarding measurements and analyses of phase distributions, first using the optical holography. Next, we discuss physical phenomena peculiar to electron waves that cannot be realized by light waves and principles of electromagnetic field detection and observation methods. Furthermore, we discuss the interference optical systems of the electron waves and their features, and methods of reconstruction of the phase information from electron holograms, which are essential for realization of practical electron holography. We note that following this review application of electron holography will be discussed in detail in the papers of this special issue.
Single-session, dual-site robotic surgery for synchronous primary malignancies of the oropharynx and thorax
Authors: Kelly Mairead , Oikonomou Georgios , Tornari Chrysostomos , Ahmad Imran , Bille Andrea , Jeannon Jean-Pierre , Arora Asit 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Single-session, dual-site robotic surgery for synchronous malignancies is not widely reported. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) in a single sitting. A 49-year-old male presented with a neck lump. Biopsies and imaging proved synchronous primaries of the tonsil and lung. The morbidity of primary dual-site chemoradiotherapy, or open surgery, presented a management challenge. We therefore opted for sequential robotic resections, in a single sitting. The patient was discharged on Day 6 post-operatively and was able to start radiotherapy less than 3 weeks post-operatively. Undertaking TORS and RATS in a single sitting is feasible and safe. This approach allowed fast-tracking of adjuvant oncological therapy, arguably conveying the greatest chance of cure. We detail the rationale and utility of this novel approach and describe the surgical and anaesthetic challenges of two teams undertaking sequential robotic procedures in a single sitting.
Fighting Hatred and Teaching Love in a ‘World that is Common to us all’: Recontextualizing Stefan Zweig’s Pedagogy of Humanism
Authors: Wobick-Segev Sarah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In late 1933, Stefan Zweig stood before a committee to aid German Jews, and pleaded for immediate action to help German-Jewish children find new homes abroad. This article examines Zweig’s call to accept refugees within his larger quest to promote a humanist and universalist Europe. His goal was not merely intended to help individual Jewish children enjoy happier childhoods in other parts of the world, but a collective task to combat hatred. Stefan Zweig’s humanism and cosmopolitanism expressed themselves in a pedagogic and educational mission that was based on a particularly Jewish commitment to Bildung and took two major forms—a literary one (as seen in his historical-biographical writings) and an activist one (in his speeches, interviews and newspaper writings). The two expressions worked in tandem and reflected the same message and concerns. Moreover, both reflected his general aim to promote and help realise an alternative, humanist Europe; one in which the healthy and happy future of Jewish youth (and others) would be ensured.
Sentinel Case of COVID-19 at Fort Stewart, GA in a National Guard Soldier Participating in Annual Training: A Case Report
Authors: Kline Jonathan D , Donovan Andrew E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
For healthcare providers, specifically military and federal public health personnel, prompt and accurate diagnosis and isolation of SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus patients provide a two-fold benefit: (1) directing appropriate treatment to the infected patient as early as possible in the progression of the disease to increase survival rates and minimize the devastating sequelae following recovery and remission of symptoms; (2) provide critical information requirements that enable commanders and public health officials to best synchronize policy, regulations, and troop movement restrictions while best allocating scarce resources in the delicate balance of risk mitigation versus mission readiness. Simple personal protective measures and robust testing and quarantine procedures, instituted and enforced aggressively by senior leaders, physicians, and healthcare professionals at all levels are an essential aspect of the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic that will determine the success or failure of the overall effort. As consideration, the authors respectfully submit this vignette of the first confirmed positive COVID-19 case presenting to the Emergency Department at Winn Army Community Hospital, Fort Stewart, Georgia.
The 2016 Vela glitch: a key to neutron star internal structure and dynamics
Authors: Gügercinoğlu Erbil , Alpar M Ali 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
High-resolution, pulse-to-pulse observation of the 2016 Vela glitch and its relaxation provided an opportunity to probe the neutron star internal structure and dynamics with unprecedented detail. We use the observations of this glitch to infer superfluid characteristics in the framework of the vortex creep model. The glitch rise time constraint of 12.6 s put stringent limits on the angular momentum exchange between the crustal superfluid and the observed crust. Together with the observed excess acceleration in the rotation rate as compared to the post-glitch equilibrium value, this discriminates crustal superfluid-crust lattice and core superfluid-crustal normal matter coupling time-scales. An evident decrease in the crustal rotation rate immediately before the glitch is consistent with the formation of a new vortex trap zone that initiates the large-scale vortex unpinning avalanche. Formation of vortex trap by a crust breaking quake induces short-lived magnetospheric changes. The long-term post-glitch spin-down rate evolution reveals the moments of inertia and recoupling time-scales of the superfluid layers participating in the glitch and leads to an estimation of the time to the next glitch that agrees with the time interval between the 2016 and 2019 glitches. Our results are consistent with theoretical estimates of effective neutron and proton masses in the superfluid. We also constrain the vortex line-flux tube pinning energy per intersection as 2 MeV.
On the absence of symbiotic stars in globular clusters
Authors: Belloni Diogo , Mikołajewska Joanna , Iłkiewicz Krystian , Schreiber Matthias R , Giersz Mirek , Rivera Sandoval Liliana E , Rodrigues Claudia V 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Even though plenty of symbiotic stars (SySts) have been found in the Galactic field and nearby galaxies, not a single one has ever been confirmed in a Galactic globular cluster (GC). We investigate the lack of such systems in GCs for the first time by analysing 144 GC models evolved with the mocca code, which have different initial properties and are roughly representative of the Galactic GC population. We focus here on SySts formed through the wind-accretion channel, which can be consistently modelled in binary population synthesis codes. We found that the orbital periods of the majority of such SySts are sufficiently long (≳103 d) so that, for very dense GC models, dynamical interactions play an important role in destroying their progenitors before the present day (∼11–12 Gyr). In less dense GC models, some SySts are still predicted to exist. However, these systems tend to be located far from the central parts (≳70 per cent are far beyond the half-light radius) and are sufficiently rare (≲1 per GC per Myr), which makes their identification rather difficult in observational campaigns. We propose that future searches for SySts in GCs should be performed in the outskirts of nearby low-density GCs with sufficiently long half-mass relaxation times and relatively large Galactocentric distances. Finally, we obtained spectra of the candidate proposed in ω Cen (SOPS IV e-94) and showed that this object is most likely not a SySt.
Equatorial retrograde flow in WASP-43b elicited by deep wind jets?
Authors: Carone Ludmila , Baeyens Robin , Mollière Paul , Barth Patrick , Vazan Allona , Decin Leen , Sarkis Paula , Venot Olivia , Henning Thomas 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We present WASP-43b climate simulations with deep wind jets (down to 700 bar) that are linked to retrograde (westward) flow at the equatorial day side for p &lt; 0.1 bar. Retrograde flow inhibits efficient eastward heat transport and naturally explains the small hotspot shift and large day-night-side gradient of WASP-43b (Porb = Prot = 0.8135 d) observed with Spitzer. We find that deep wind jets are mainly associated with very fast rotations (Prot = Porb ≤ 1.5 d) which correspond to the Rhines length smaller than 2 planetary radii. We also diagnose wave activity that likely gives rise to deviations from superrotation. Further, we show that we can achieve full steady state in our climate simulations by imposing a deep forcing regime for p &gt; 10 bar: convergence time-scale τconv = 106–108 s to a common adiabat, as well as linear drag at depth (p ≥ 200 bar), which mimics to first-order magnetic drag. Lower boundary stability and the deep forcing assumptions were also tested with climate simulations for HD 209458b (Porb = Prot = 3.5 d). HD 209458b simulations always show shallow wind jets (never deeper than 100 bar) and unperturbed superrotation. If we impose a fast rotation (Porb = Prot = 0.8135 d), also the HD 209458b-like simulation shows equatorial retrograde flow at the day side. We conclude that the placement of the lower boundary at p = 200 bar is justified for slow rotators like HD 209458b, but we suggest that it has to be placed deeper for fast-rotating, dense hot Jupiters (Porb ≤ 1.5 d) like WASP-43b. Our study highlights that the deep atmosphere may have a strong influence on the observable atmospheric flow in some hot Jupiters.
Spectroscopic QUasar extractor and redshift (z) estimator squeze – II. Universality of the results
Authors: Pérez-Ràfols Ignasi , Pieri Matthew M 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we study the universality of the results of squeze, a software package to classify quasar spectra and estimate their redshifts. The code is presented in Pérez-Ràfols et al. (2019). We test the results against changes in signal to noise, spectral resolution, wavelength coverage, and quasar brightness. We find that squeze levels of performance (quantified with purity and completeness) are stable to spectra that have a noise dispersion four times that of our standard test sample, Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). We also find that the performance remains unchanged if pixels of width 25 Å are considered, and decreases by $\sim 2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for pixels of width 100 Å. We see no effect when analysing subsets of different quasar brightness, and we establish that the blue part (up to 7000 Å) of the spectra is sufficient for the classification. Finally, we compare our suite of tests with samples of spectra expected from WEAVE-QSO and DESI, and narrow-band imaging from J-PAS. We conclude that squeze will perform similarly when confronted with the demands of these future surveys as when applied to current BOSS data.
The chemical evolution of iron-peak elements with hypernovae
Authors: Grimmett J J , Karakas Amanda I , Heger Alexander , Müller Bernhard , West Christopher 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We calculate the mean evolution of the iron-peak abundance ratios [(Cr, Mn, Co, Zn)/Fe] in the Galaxy, using modern supernova and hypernova (HN) chemical yields and a Galactic Chemical Evolution code that assumes homogeneous chemical evolution. We investigate a range of HN occurrence rates and are able to produce a chemical composition that is a reasonable fit to the observed values in metal-poor stars. This requires an HN occurence rate that is large (50 per cent) in the early Universe, decreasing throughout evolution to a value that is within present-day observational constraints ($\lesssim 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$). A large HN occurrence rate is beneficial to matching the high [Zn/Fe] observed in the most metal-poor stars, although including HNe with progenitor mass $\ge 60\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ is detrimental to matching the observed [(Mn, Co)/Fe] evolution at low [Fe/H]. A significant contribution from HNe seems to be critical for producing supersolar [(Co, Zn)/Fe] at low metallicity, though more work will need to be done in order to match the most extreme values. We also emphasize the need to update models for the enrichment sources at higher metallicity, as the satisfactory recovery of the solar values of [(Cr, Mn, Co, Zn)/Fe] still presents a challenge.
Massive low-surface-brightness galaxies in the eagle simulation
Authors: Kulier Andrea , Galaz Gaspar , Padilla Nelson D , Trayford James W 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the formation and properties of low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) with M* &gt; 109.5 M⊙ in the eagle hydrodynamical cosmological simulation. Galaxy surface brightness depends on a combination of stellar mass surface density and mass-to-light ratio (M/L), such that low surface brightness is strongly correlated with both galaxy angular momentum (low surface density) and low specific star formation rate (high M/L). This drives most of the other observed correlations between surface brightness and galaxy properties, such as the fact that most LSBGs have low metallicity. We find that LSBGs are more isolated than high-surface-brightness galaxies (HSBGs), in agreement with observations, but that this trend is driven entirely by the fact that LSBGs are unlikely to be close-in satellites. The majority of LSBGs are consistent with a formation scenario in which the galaxies with the highest angular momentum are those that formed most of their stars recently from a gas reservoir co-rotating with a high-spin dark matter halo. However, the most extended LSBG discs in EAGLE, which are comparable in size to observed giant LSBGs, are built up via mergers. These galaxies are found to inhabit dark matter haloes with a higher spin in their inner regions (&lt;0.1r200c), even when excluding the effects of baryonic physics by considering matching haloes from a dark-matter-only simulation with identical initial conditions.
Empirical relations for the sensitivities of solar-like oscillations to magnetic perturbations
Authors: Kiefer René , Broomhall Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Oscillation mode frequencies of stars are typically treated as static for a given stellar model. However, in reality they can be perturbed by time-varying sources such as magnetic fields and flows. We calculate the sensitivities of radial p-mode oscillations of a set of models for masses between 0.7 and 3.0 M⊙ from the main sequence to the early asymptotic giant branch. We fit these mode sensitivities with polynomials in fundamental stellar parameters for six stages of stellar evolution. We find that the best-fitting relations differ from those proposed in the literature and change between stages of stellar evolution. Together with a measure of the strength of the perturbation, e.g. of the level of magnetic activity, the presented relations can be used for assessing whether a star’s observed oscillation frequencies are likely to be close to the unperturbed ground state or whether they should be adjusted.