bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Des chiffres en bataille. Évaluer la lutte contre « l’économie souterraine »
Authors: Guenot Marion 
Published: June 2020

Cet article traite de la place centrale de l’évaluation chiffrée dans l’évolution de l’activité des Groupes d’intervention régionaux ( gir ) de la police nationale. Ces unités rassemblent des policiers, des gendarmes, des inspecteurs de la Douane, des Impôts et du recouvrement de l’Urssaf. Dans un premier temps, on verra comment les agents nommés dans les gir ont élaboré des indicateurs chiffrés pour légitimer leur choix de cibler en priorité des délinquants issus du « crime organisé » ou des milieux aisés. Dans un second temps, les pratiques d’auto-évaluation seront décrites en articulant l’observation du travail avec l’insécurité professionnelle, en particulier des douaniers, sur fond d’injonctions au résultat et de réduction des effectifs.
Environnement et développement : la culture de la filière ONU
Authors: Sauvé Lucie , Berryman Tom , Brunelle Renée 
Published: June 2020

L’impulsion fournie par les conférences et les documents de l’UNESCO-PNUE pour légitimer, institutionnaliser et développer l’éducation relative à l’environnement (ERE) est certes remarquable. Les propositions qui en émanent agissent encore en tant que balises pour concevoir et mettre en œuvre des programmes et des projets dans les différentes régions du monde. En raison de l’importance d’un tel appui et d’une telle influence internationale, il convient d’examiner la teneur de ce discours formel et d’engager une discussion critique à cet effet. Les principaux résultats de notre analyse montrent que dans les propositions internationales liées à l’ERE, l’éducation est généralement considérée comme un instrument au service de la protection de l’environnement, qui à son tour, est généralement associé à un ensemble de problèmes de gestion des ressources, que le développement permettra de résoudre ; quant au développement lui-même, il est mal défini ou encore il est principalement associé à une croissance économique soutenue. Outre une discussion sur les principaux aspects de ce discours, cet article met en lumière certains éléments qui sont généralement négligés dans les propositions internationales : il s’agit de points de vue complémentaires ou divergents. L’étude que nous avons menée s’avère particulièrement pertinente au regard des réformes éducatives qui s’opèrent actuellement dans de très nombreux pays.
The role of fluoride on eruption of mandibular molar of albino rats
Authors: Femi-Akinlosotu Omowumi M. , Ogundoyin Olakayode O. , Akintola Morenike A. 
Published: June 2020

Eruption of the tooth is a complex and highly regulated process which can be influenced by genetic, environmental and systemic factors. Fluoride is found naturally in water as well as in foods and dental products. The first mandibular molar is the first molar to erupt and it is essential for mastication of food. We studied the effect of fluoride on the eruption of the first mandibular molar in albino rats. Fluoride at different concentrations was added to the water of pregnant albino rats while sterile water without fluoride was given to the control pregnant dams. The pregnant dams were allowed to deliver, and the heads of their pups carefully decapitated, and mandibles dissected out on days 10, 12, 15 and 18 for assessment of eruption pattern of the first molar while also measuring the mandibular length and breadth. The mandibles were then processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining. On gross examination, some of the teeth developed intraosseously while others were located mucosally, pre-occlusally or occlusally. There was significant reduction in both the birth weight and mandibular length as the fluoride concentration increased compared to the control but a significant increment in the mandibular breadth between the experimental groups in comparison with the control group on day 15 (p value <0.05). These findings suggest that high concentrations of fluoride could delay mandibular molars’ eruption and also cause low birth weight.
Key Words: fluoride, mandibular molar, tooth eruption
Morphological and Vascular Study Of The Posterior Lumbar Epidural Fat
Authors: Sery Frejus , Broalet Esperance , Koya Herbert , Dido Arnauld 
Published: June 2020

Posterior lumbar epidural fat has been described by several authors in various fields: Anesthetic, Radiology and Neurochemistry. In this study, we tried to describe the position of this fat in the lumbar canal (L1-L5), its vascularization and drainage system. 8 Ivorian cadavers are used for the practice of dissection in the laboratory. The anterior abdominal region is chosen for the approach of the lumbar epidural region. The study investigated the situation, morphology and microcirculatory structure of fat at the lumbar level. The fatty clusters were embedded in fine vessels and were better vascularized and drained by veins of large caliber. In the vertebral canal, the fat was struck in the intervertebral foramina and was simply spread on the anterior surface of the ligamentum flavum. The fat as triangular shape with a vertebral base and a foamy summit it wanders in the cerebrospinal fluid. The lumbar epidural fat is better vascularized, and its venous drainage is made by large veins facing the intervertebral foramina embedded in areolar tissue traversed by nerve roots.
Key Words: vertebral canal, fat, structure, vascularization.
Osteonecrosis of the head of femur in a Nigerian teaching hospital
Authors: Thanni L.O. , Gbadegesin S.A. , Adebanjo A.A. , Osundina B.A. , Olushiyan B.F. 
Published: June 2020

Objective: Osteonecrosis (ON) of the head of femur is not uncommon. The characteristics of affected patients and the associated aetiological factors in Nigeria are largely undocumented. To determine the epidemiological characteristics of patients with osteonecrosis of the head of femur, the radiological severity at presentation and associated aetiological risk factorsMethods: A retrospective study was done, of patients with femoral head ON seen between January 2013 and January 2019. Data on patients' characteristics, affected hips and radiological severity were entered onto a proforma and analysed.Results: There were 29 patients with ON of the head of femur involving 32 hips. There were 55.2% females and 44.8% male patients. While 3 (10.3%) patients had bilateral affectation, 26 (89.7%) had unilateral affectation. Their mean age is 26.6years 13.3. The mean age of male and female patients are 29.3 years and 24.3 years respectively. The mean BMI is 21.9 5.2 and no significant difference in the BMI of both genders, p=0.74. Ninety percent of them presented with advanced radiographic stages. Factors found to be associated with ON are sickle cell disease (SCD) 44.8%, trauma 13.8%, CVA 3.4% and idiopathic cases 37.7%. There is no significant difference in the frequency of unilateral and bilateral occurrence in the groups with different hemoglobin genotypes.Conclusions: Osteonecrosis of the head of femur occurs more often in young patients. They present late, with collapse of the head of femur. SCD, especially HbSS is the most common associated risk factor followed by idiopathic cases.
Key words: Osteonecrosis, avascular necrosis, head of femur, sickle cell disease, risk factors
Pattern and associated factors of psychoactive substance use among undergraduate students in a North-eastern Nigerian University
Authors: Sulyman D. , Ayanda K.A. , Mahmud Y.M. 
Published: June 2020

Objective: There is an increased trend in the use of psychoactive substances among youths in Northern Nigeria. Youths use substances to enhance performances. Studies have shown associations between drug use and psychiatric morbidity. This study examined the use of psychoactive substances among undergraduates. It also assessed the presence of psychiatric morbidity among the users and nonusers of psychoactive drugs.
Method: The study was a cross-sectional study using WHO Student Drug Use Survey Questionnaire and GHQ-12 for 983 undergraduates of a northern Nigeria university.
Results: The prevalence rate of psychoactive substance use was 36.5%. Tobacco, stimulants and alcohol were commonly used drugs. Parental separation and fathers' use of drugs were factors associated with the use of psychoactive substances. Psychiatric morbidity among substance users and non-users were 31.0% and 11.8%
Conclusion: The study found high rate for the use of psychoactive substances among the students with correspondingly high rate of psychiatric morbidity among the users of psychoactive substances.
Keywords: Psychoactive substance; Psychiatric morbidity; undergraduate students.
Detection of rabies virus antigen in brain tissue of dogs slaughtered for human consumption in Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: Tirmidhi A.B. , Kazeem H.M. , Jibril A. , Jahun B.M. , Orakpoghenor O. 
Published: June 2020

Rabies as an ancient zoonosis constitutes a threat to public health by causing over 59,000 annual human mortalities worldwide. The aim of this study was to detect rabies virus in brain tissue of dogs slaughtered for human consumption in Taraba State, Nigeria. A total of 150 dogs comprising 136 adults and 14 puppies consisting of 82 males and 68 females was sampled from slaughter points in five Local Government Areas. Brain samples were collected from each dog in labeled sterile sample bottles and screened for rabies virus antigen using direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT). Results showed that 3 out of the 150 (2%) brain samples screened were positive for rabies virus; out of which 2 were from Unguwan Kasa (14.3%) and 1 was from Quarter Five (7.1%). This therefore suggests the presence of rabies virus in dogs slaughtered for human consumption in Taraba State, Nigeria and their role as reservoirs of the virus. Therefore, there is need for awareness education on safe handling of dog meat to minimize the risk for butchers/meat handlers.
Keywords: Brain samples, dogs, Prevalence, Rabies, Taraba State
Prevalence of single and mixed parasitic infections of dogs in Egbeda communities, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ojo G.A. , Adekeye T.A. , Awobode H.O. 
Published: June 2020

Dogs harbour a wide array of parasites and have been implicated in the transmission of zoonotic diseases to humans. In a community-based cross-sectional study, 292 dogs and 241 dog owners were examined for parasites in urban and rural communities of Egbeda Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic information of dog owners and identify possible risk factors. Ectoparasites were collected from dog fur and preserved in 70% alcohol before identification. Freshly passed stools from dogs and their owners were collected and examined for intestinal parasites by modified sucrose floatation technique. Ectoparasites were present on 199 (68.2%) dogs, while 239 (81.8%) had intestinal parasites. Six ectoparasite species identified were Ctenocephalides canis (5.5%), C. felis (39.7%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (51.3%), Haemaphysalis leachii (48.9), Trichodectes canis (2.1%) and Linognathus spp (1.7%). Gastrointestinal parasites identified in dogs wereToxocara canis (55.8%), Ascaris spp (36%), Ancylostoma spp (40.1%), Trichuris spp (7.5%), Isospora spp (14.4%) and Toxascaris leonina (15.1%). Prevalence of gastrointestinal as well as ectoparasites were higher in rural communities with more mongrels infected compared to exotic breeds (p < 0.001). Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancyclostoma spp and Trichuris spp were identified in 99 (41.1%) of the dog owners. There was a significant relationship (r=0.36, p < 0.001) between the prevalence of infection in dogs and their owners. Most (75%) of the dog owners were aware only of the possibility of contracting rabies but not other zoonotic parasitic infections from their dogs. The high prevalence of gastrointestinal and ectoparasites of dogs in these communities suggests a very high risk of parasite transmission among dogs, their owners and other inhabitants of the community. The need for intervention programs including regular anti-parasitic treatment of dogs and health education which emphasizes the dangers of zoonotic infections in these communities is imperative.
Keywords: Dog owners, Ectoparasites, Gastrointestinal parasites, Urban and Rural dogs, Zoonoses
Comparative study of chicken egg yolk and quail egg yolk in two chilled canine semen extenders
Authors: Ubah S.A. , Sule M. , Chibuogwu I.C. , Columbus P.K. , Abah K.O. , Agbonu O.A. , Ejiofor C.E. , Mshelbwala P.P. , Bankole S.A. 
Published: June 2020

The aim of this work was to substitute chicken egg yolk with quail egg yolk in two semen extenders and to evaluate the quality of the extended canine semen following chilled storage. Semen was pooled from male dogs (n= 4) of about 18-months old and body weight of about 28 kg. Four extenders were tested: (1) tris buffered chicken egg yolk extender (2) tris buffered quail egg yolk extender, (3) skimmed milk chicken egg yolk extender and (4) skimmed milk quail egg yolk extender. Semen was diluted with corresponding extender in the ratio 1:4. The diluted semen samples were analyzed for motility, mass activity, viability, abnormalities percentage and pH for three consecutive days. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between chicken egg yolk and quail egg yolk in either tris diluent or skimmed milk extender with respect to pH, mass activity and sperm motility. Samples stored in both the tris and skimmed milk-based extenders with quail egg yolk displayed greater viability than those in chicken egg yolk but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Viability, mass activity and sperm motility decreased as treatment days increased in both chicken and quail egg yolk extenders. Results showed that a pH of 6.5 was maintained from day 0 to day 3. There was no difference in semen quality between chicken and quail egg yolk in either the tris diluent or skimmed milk extender (P> 0.05). It was recommended that quail egg yolk could be substituted for chicken egg yolk in the two canine semen extenders. Further modifications of the diluents with quail egg yolk might produce an improved result.
Keywords: Canine, Chicken Chilled, Egg yolk, Extenders, Quail, Semen
A Critical Review on Aśvavaidyakanighanṭu
Authors: Goli Penchala Prasad , Pratap Goli Penchala , Srikanth Narayanam , Dhiman Kartar S 
Published: June 2020

Aim:
Critical review and botanical identification of drugs mentioned in the lexicon portion of the Jayadatta's text on horse diseases. Identify new synonyms of the drugs that are not mentioned in classical lexicons such as Bhavāprakāśa, Kaiyyadeva, Madanapāla, Dhanvantari, etc.

Background:
Aśvavaidyakanighanṭu is part of the text “Aśvavaidyakam” written by Jayadatta. It was mentioned as a separate chapter for a better understanding of the treatment part of “Aśvavaidyakam.” “Aśvavaidyakam” is a complete text on horses, which includes anatomy, auspicious and inauspicious characters, factors denoting age and lifespan, birthplace of horses, riding, care of pregnant and after delivery, dosages of medicines, drugs used in the treatments, seasonal changes and their relation, alkali treatment, venesection, eye diseases, errhine therapy, oliation, fomentation, usage of oils, ghee, arishtha (fermented medications); diseases of face, head, ear, etc. Nighanṭu part is mentioned in the 12th chapter covering 174 important drugs used in horse diseases.

Review results:
One hundred and seventy-four important drugs used in the treatment of horse diseases were studied and their synonyms are highlighted. Critical notes on unique synonyms for this particular text are highlighted. All the drugs are botanically identified and a note has been given where the controversy prevailed.

Conclusion:
A critical study on various synonyms mentioned in this text and listing out the drugs are definitely supporting Ayurvedic veterinary medicine, Ayurvedic pharmacopeia in general and Ayurvedic veterinary pharmacopeia in particular.

Clinical significance:
The drugs mentioned in this article were used in various formulations to treat the diseases of the horse. Clinically these drugs have significance in treating the horse diseases. Further research on these drugs can enrich Ayurvedic veterinary pharmacopeia and find new treatment regimens in veterinary medicine.
Shelf Life Evaluation of Shirishavaleha and its Granules
Authors: Prajapati Dilip Kumar D , Ruknuddin Galib , Bedarkar Prashant , Patgiri Biswajyoti , Prajapati Pradeep K 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Shelf life is the length of time, after which all substances start to degrade in their qualities and become unsuitable for consumption or sale. Every product has definite shelf life, which depends on various physical, chemical, environmental, and biological factors. Shelf life of various compound formulations was clarified in the classical text. So there is a need to revalidate and establish the shelf life of individual formulation. As the Government of India made it mandatory to display in the labels the shelf life of all products, it becomes essential to evaluate the actual shelf life of individual products by following the specified guidelines.

Aim:
To evaluate the shelf life of Shirishavaleha (SHA) and its granules prepared with Khanda Sharkara through accelerated stability parameters.

Materials and methods:
Physicochemical parameters of SHA and Shirishavaleha granules (SHG) were calculated by maintaining 40°C ± 2°C temperature and 75 ± 5% relative humidity at the intervals of 0, 1, 3, and 6 months. Based upon the observations, intercept, slope, 10% degradation of the sample, and finally the shelf life were calculated.

Results:
Accelerated stability study reveals the shelf life of SHA as 5.9 years, while that of the granules as 5.3 years. Similar Rf values obtained in high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of both samples initially and after 6 months showed minimum deterioration of the product. Microbial count and heavy metals were below the permissible limits in both the samples.

Conclusion:
Guidelines specified in the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, mentions 3 years as the shelf life of Avalehas and granules. This time period is general, and different formulations may have different shelf lives based upon the factors such as their composition, etc. The samples tested in the current study, i.e., SHA and SHG, are found to have a shelf life of 5.9 and 5.3 years, respectively, through accelerated stability study that are almost double the average time specified in the guidelines.
Exploration of Medicinal Plants of Hoshangabad Forest Division (Territorial), Madhya Pradesh, with Special Reference to Ayurveda
Authors: Lale Sanjeev K , Chandra Ravi , Rath Chinmay , Mangal Anupam , Murthy Soma N 
Published: June 2020

Aims and objectives:
The present study deals with the important medicinal plants described in Ayurveda from Hoshangabad forest divisions of Madhya Pradesh. In July 2018, Hoshangabad forest division was explored. The study was conducted to prepare records of medicinal plants that deal with Ayurveda system with additional information such as the locality, botanical name, Sanskrit name, local name, and the GPS location in the study areas.

Materials and methods:
The medicinal plants described in Ayurveda with its GPS location and potential in the field has been recorded.

Results:
The important medicinal plants that are used in the Ayurvedic system like Adiantum lunulatum Burm. f., Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. Ex DC.) Wall. Ex Guillem. and Perr., Asparagus racemosus Willd., Boerhavia diffusa L., Dioscorea bulbifera L., Enicostema axillare subsp. Littorale (Blume) A. Raynal, Gardenia latifolia Aiton, etc.

Conclusion:
Hoshangabad forest division of Madhya Pradesh is very rich in medicinal plants. Some important species of medicinal plants described in Ayurveda text grow in abundance, such as Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa, Crinum latifolium L., Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L., Strychnos potatorum L.f., Ventilago denticulata Willd., whereas plants of Aristolochia indica L., Argyreia sericea Dalzell, Holostemma ada-kodien Schult., Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob., Nervilia concolor (Blume) Schltr., Uraria picta (Jacq.) DC., etc., are rare in the habitat.
Medicinal Plants in Local Health Traditions (LHTs)
Authors: Shiddamallayya N , Dora Binod B , Janardhanan Anjana , Anku Gyati , Borah T , Tripathi Ashish K , Rath Chinmay , Mangal Anupam K , Srikanth Narayanam , Dhiman Kartar S 
Published: June 2020

Aim:
Tripura is a small state of the northeastern part of India. The floral biodiversity is playing an important role in the traditional system of treatment in tribal and rural population. The research pertaining to the use of medicinal plants in ethnomedico-botany and formulations of study area is limited. The Medico-Ethno-Botanical Survey (MEBS) team of Regional Ayurveda Research Institute (RARI), Itanagar, documented the local health traditions (LHTs) from traditional healers of rural and tribal pockets of Dharmanagar subdivision, North district, Tripura.

Materials and methods:
The MEBS has been conducted in tribal pockets and villages of Dharmanagar Range, Damchera Range, and Panisagar Ranges of Dharmanagar subdivision of Forest, North Tripura district, Tripura. Local health traditions (LHTs) were documented through discussion and interview with traditional healers in the prescribed format along with global positioning system (GPS) location and digital photography of healer and plant raw drugs used in the traditional medicine and also prepared formulations. Medicinal plants were identified by using local and regional flora followed by processing, mounting, and preservation. Documented information has been processed for scientific validation and Ayurvedic names were provided to medicinal plants.

Results and discussion:
The MEBS conducted and documented six folk claims with six medicinal plants in prescribed formats to conserve traditional knowledge. The data presented systematically as botanical name, family, Sanskrit name, part used, morphological description of the plant, method of formulation, indication, and information of folk healer.

Conclusion:
Folk healers of Dharmanagar subdivision, Tripura, collects and use medicinal plants from surrounding area in the treatment of Sarpa Danstra (snake bite), Kamala (jaundice), Stanyajanan (galactagogue), Udarasula (acute abdomen), Alpamutrata (oliguria), and Vrana (fresh wound) popularly. Further, scientific validation is required to understand the useful therapeutic benefits and large-scale medicine production for the treatment.

Clinical significance:
The MEBS team noticed that some medicinal plants are used in the treatment of human diseases, such as Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. in snake bite, Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. in jaundice, Euphorbia herita L. in galactagogue, Scoparia dulcis L. in acute abdomen, Sida acuta Burm. f. for oliguria, and Mikania micrantha Kunth for fresh wound. These plants need to be studied in detail in order to harvest the maximum benefit for the mankind.