bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular echobiometry and head measurements in Jersey cattle from different age groups
Authors: Neves Carla Amorim , Bittar Isabela Plazza , Prieto Leandro Arévalo , da Silva Luiz Antônio Franco , Arnhold Emmanuel , Lima Aline Maria Vasconcelos , Borges Naida Cristina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA longitudinal study was conducted to identify the morphological development of eyes and head of Jersey cattle at different ages. A total of 48 healthy Jersey cattle, 1 to 58 months of age, were included in the study. Ophthalmologic examinations were performed to identify healthy cattle to form the age groups: GI (1‐ to 11‐month‐old), GII (16‐ to 24‐month‐old) and GIII (25‐ to 58‐month‐old). The animals were physically restrained and examined by transcorneal ultrasound of both eyes; the axial length (AxL), corneal thickness (CO), lenticular thickness (L), depth of the anterior (AC) and vitreous (VC) chambers were evaluated. The cranial measurements obtained included the total, cranial, and nasal lengths and widths. Subsequently, the cephalic index (CI) was calculated. The AxL (GI: 2.83 cm; GII: 3.16 cm; GIII: 3.24 cm), AC (GI: 0.44 cm; GII: 0.53 cm; GIII: 0.53 cm), L (GI: 0.88 cm; GII: 1.01 cm; GIII: 1.04 cm) and VC (GI: 1.44 cm; GII: 1.55 cm; GIII: 1.59 cm) increased (p ≤ .001) according to age, but the CO (GI: 0.07 cm; GII: 0.08 cm; GIII: 0.08 cm) (p > .05) did not. The total length (GI: 30.83 cm; GII: 43.29 cm; GIII: 44.15 cm), cranial length (GI: 18.11 cm; GII: 23.82 cm; GIII: 22.69 cm), nasal length (GI: 12.72 cm; GII: 19.47 cm; GIII: 21.46 cm) and nasal width (GI: 26.22 cm; GII: 33.82 cm; GIII: 34.00 cm) increased (p < .001), and the CI (GI: 85.66 cm; GII: 78.15 cm; GIII: 77.02 cm) decreased (p < .001). The AxL correlated positively (p < .001) with the cranial length and width and negatively with the CI (p > .05). The ocular biometry of Jersey cattle correlates with their cranial measurements at different ages. With increasing age, the eyes and the head grow, establishing growth curves similar to those of other mammals.
Clinical and dermatoscopic characteristics of lichen planus‐like keratosis in a West‐Asian population
Authors: Ansari Mahshid Sadat , Akay Bengu Nisa , Cengiz Fatma Pelin , Rosendahl Nikita , Mahmoudi Hamidreza , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Rosendahl Cliff 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThe clinical and dermatoscopic features of lichen planus‐like keratosis have been described but the characteristics of this entity in a West‐Asian population are not known.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 82 histopathologically verified cases of lichen planus‐like keratosis from 81 patients from Iran and Turkey.ResultsThe majority of lichen planus‐like keratoses were macules (61% n = 50), clinically pigmented (67.1% n = 55) and dermatoscopically multi‐coloured (91.5% n = 75). The majority (63.4%) had a single dermatoscopic pattern, most frequently: structureless (35.4%), dots (14.6%) and angulated lines (8.5%). Of the lesions with more than one pattern (n = 30), the majority (n = 21) had asymmetry of pattern, the most common combinations being structureless plus dots (n = 8) and structureless plus angulated lines (n = 5). The most common structure was pigmented dots, most frequently grey and present in 70.7% of cases. Vessels were seen in 30.5% of lesions, being significantly more prevalent in non‐pigmented, than pigmented, lichen planus‐like keratoses (83.3% vs. 21.4% P < 0.001). When we compared lichen planus‐like keratosis in the current study to that entity in a large North American study, the statistically significant differences in a West‐Asian population included a greater frequency of pigmented variants, a lower incidence in females and a lower prevalence on the torso, in favour of the face.ConclusionsLichen planus‐like keratosis in a West‐Asian population has clinical and dermatoscopic similarities to that entity in another studied population. The significant differences in gender association and anatomical site may be secondary to cultural factors.
A 725‐year integrated offshore terrestrial varve chronology for southeastern Sweden suggests rapid ice retreat ~15 ka BP
Authors: Avery Rachael S. , Greenwood Sarah L. , Schenk Frederik , Morén Björn M. , Armstrong Mckay David I. , Brunnberg Lars , Wohlfarth Barbara 
Published: November 2020

The Swedish Varve Chronology is an unparalleled tool for linking the deglacial history of Sweden with associated palaeo‐environmental change at an annual time scale, and it forms part of Sweden's cultural heritage. A full deglacial chronology connected to the present day does not yet exist; a notable gap is in southeasternmost Sweden, where few varved records are successfully connected to reconstruct ice‐margin retreat. Deglaciation in southern Sweden covers both the climate transition to the Bølling warm period (~14.7 ka BP) and the ice‐margin transition from a subaqueous to terrestrial terminus. To facilitate investigations into the links between ice‐margin dynamics and abrupt climate change, we revisited the varve chronologies of southern Sweden. We digitized unpublished records, reanalysed existing varve thickness records, and obtained and analysed new varve series both on land and offshore. This combined approach has enabled us to refine and extend the existing south coast chronology east and 78 km northwards. Our new Skåne‐Småland chronology records 725 years of deglaciation, in addition to a younger floating chronology in parts. This chronology suggests that the glacial‐lake terminating Fennoscandian Ice Sheet in southern Sweden initially retreated northwards at ~110–160 m a−1 slowing to 60–70 m a−1 near the palaeo‐shoreline. Between today's mainland and the (now) island of Öland the retreat rates increase three‐ to fivefold. Ice‐margin retreat was initially oriented towards the north (as along the south coast), but later pivoted towards the northwest, signifying a landward retreat of terrestrial ‘Swedish’ ice that became divorced from the Baltic Sea ice‐sheet catchment. Our new 725‐year‐long varve thickness series reveals repeated multidecadal scale episodes of increased sedimentation. These likely signify phases of enhanced ice‐sheet melting that repeat and persist throughout the deglaciation of Skåne‐Småland.
To clean or not to clean: Cleaning open‐source data improves extinction risk assessments for threatened plant species
Authors: Panter Connor T. , Clegg Rosemary L. , Moat Justin , Bachman Steven P. , Klitgård Bente B. , White Rachel L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlants are under‐represented in conservation efforts, with only 9% of described species published on the IUCN Red List. Biodiversity aggregators including the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the more recent Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN) contain a wealth of potentially useful occurrence data. We investigate the influence of these data in accelerating plant extinction risk assessments for 225 endemic, near‐endemic, and socioeconomic Bolivian plant species. Geo‐referenced herbarium voucher specimens verified by taxonomic experts comprised our control data set. Open‐source data for 77 species was subjected to a two‐stage cleaning protocol (using an automated R package followed by a manual clean) and threat categories were computed based on extent of occurrence thresholds. Accuracy was the highest using cleaned GBIF data (76%) and uncleaned BIEN data (79%). Sensitivity was the highest for cleaned GBIF (73%) and BIEN (80%) data suggesting our cleaning protocol was essential to maximize sensitivity rates. Comparisons between the control, GBIF and BIEN data sets revealed a paucity of occurrence data for 148 species (66%), 72% of which qualified for a threatened category. Balancing data quantity and accuracy must be considered when using open‐source data. Filling data gaps for threatened species is a conservation priority to improve the coverage of threatened species within biodiversity aggregators.
A global view on evidence‐based effectiveness of interventions used to protect livestock from wild cats
Authors: Khorozyan Igor , Waltert Matthias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRapid population declines of wild cats (family Felidae) are often related to widespread conflicts with people over the livestock depredation they are causing. In spite of increasing literature on wild felids, there is no overview on the evidence‐based effectiveness of livestock protection interventions in reducing depredation inflicted by these animals. We collected and analyzed 92 cases from 57 publications describing the percentage of damage reduction from the application of 11 interventions to 10 felid species. We found that the effectiveness of interventions differed significantly between species. Interventions tested for cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) and snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were very effective, reducing damage by 70–100% due to species shyness, good fit of interventions to these species and local conditions, and strong social involvement. The most variable and often the lowest effectiveness of interventions was found for leopard (Panthera pardus), puma (Puma concolor) and caracal (Caracal caracal), which are more common and tolerant to humans. In other felids, interventions were generally effective, but some of them reportedly failed because of local contexts and intervention performance. Much more effort is required to invigorate the research of intervention effectiveness in little studied species and regions.
YH12852, a Potent and Selective Receptor Agonist of 5‐hydroxytryptamine, Increased Gastrointestinal Motility in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Functional Constipation
Authors: Lee Hyun A. , Ju Moon Seol , Yoo Hyounggyoon , Kyung Kim Mi , Bok Jang Seong , Lee Seoungoh , Kim Sohee , Lee Howard 
Published: November 2020

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders are common, decreases quality of life, and imposes a substantial economic burden. YH12852 is a novel agonist of 5‐hydroxytryptamine for the treatment of GI motility disorders. This phase I/IIa study assessed the tolerability, pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of YH12852. In the multiple dose (MD) cohort, healthy subjects and patients with functional constipation were randomized and received orally YH12852 at 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 mg or prucalopride 2 mg or their matching placebo, once daily for 14 days after breakfast. In the multiple low‐dose cohort (MLD), healthy subjects randomly received once‐daily oral doses of YH12852 at 0.05 or 0.1 mg for 14 days after breakfast. Questionnaires, gastric emptying breath test for PDs, and plasma samples for PKs were collected. In the MD cohort, a total of 56 subjects (29 healthy volunteers and 27 patients with functional constipation) were randomized, of whom 48 completed the study. In the MLD cohort, a total of 16 healthy subjects were randomized, and 15 subjects completed the study. YH12852 increased the average weekly frequency of spontaneous bowel movements and loosened the stool. In addition, YH12852 increased quality of life satisfaction, and decreased severity of constipation symptom and GI symptoms. YH12852 was safe and well‐tolerated up to 3 mg and showed nearly dose proportional PKs. In conclusion, YH12852 was safe and enhanced GI motility. YH12852 can be developed as an effective treatment option for GI motility disorders, including functional constipation. Further studies are warranted to confirm this possibility.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cerliponase Alfa, Enzyme Replacement Therapy for CLN2 Disease by Intracerebroventricular Administration
Authors: Kim Aryun , Grover Anita , Hammon Kevin , de Hart Greg , Slasor Peter , Cherukuri Anu , Ajayi Temitayo , Jacoby David , Schulz Angela , Specchio Nicola , de Los Reyes Emily , Gissen Paul , Henshaw Joshua W. 
Published: November 2020

Cerliponase alfa is recombinant human tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) delivered by i.c.v. infusion for CLN2, a pediatric neurodegenerative disease caused by deficiency in lysosomal enzyme TPP1. We report the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of cerliponase alfa, the first i.c.v. enzyme replacement therapy, characterized in a phase I/II study. Escalating doses (30–300 mg Q2W) followed by 300 mg Q2W for ≥ 48 weeks were administered in 24 patients aged ≥ 3 years. Concentrations peaked in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the end of ~ 4‐hour i.c.v. infusion and 8 hours thereafter in plasma. Plasma exposure was 300–1,000‐fold lower than in CSF, with no correlation in the magnitude of peak concentration (Cmax) or area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) among body sites. There was no apparent accumulation in CSF or plasma exposure with Q2W dosing. Interpatient and intrapatient variability of AUC, respectively, were 31–49% and 24% in CSF vs. 59–103% and 80% in plasma. PK variability was not explained by baseline demographics, as sex, age, weight, and CLN2 disease severity score did not appear to impact CSF or plasma PK. No apparent correlation was noted between CSF or plasma PK and incidence of adverse events (pyrexia, hypersensitivity, seizure, and epilepsy) or presence of antidrug antibodies in CSF and serum. There was no relationship between magnitude of CSF exposure and efficacy (change in CLN2 score from baseline), indicating maximum benefit was obtained across the range of exposures with 300 mg Q2W. Data from this small trial of ultra‐rare disease were leveraged to adequately profile cerliponase alfa and support 300 mg i.c.v. Q2W for CLN2 treatment.
Risk Factors for Bleeding and Clinical Ineffectiveness Associated With Clopidogrel Therapy: A Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Khoa A. , Eadon Michael T. , Yoo Ryan , Milway Evan , Kenneally Allison , Fekete Kevin , Oh Hyun , Duong Khanh , Whipple Elizabeth C. , Schleyer Titus K. 
Published: November 2020

Although clopidogrel is a frequently used antiplatelet medication to treat and prevent atherothrombotic disease, clinicians must balance its clinical effectiveness with the potential side effect of bleeding. However, many previous studies have evaluated beneficial and adverse factors separately. The objective of our study was to perform a comprehensive meta‐analysis of studies of clopidogrel’s clinical effectiveness and/or risk of bleeding in order to identify and assess all reported risk factors, thus helping clinicians to balance patient safety with drug efficacy. We analyzed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of maintenance use in four stages: search for relevant primary articles; abstract and full article screening; quality assessment and data extraction; and synthesis and data analysis. Screening of 7,109 articles yielded 52 RCTs that met the inclusion criteria. Twenty‐seven risk factors were identified. “Definite risk factors” were defined as those with aggregated odds ratios (ORs) > 1 and confidence intervals (CIs) > 1 if analyzed in more than one study. Definite risk factors for major bleeding were concomitant aspirin use (OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.04–3.94) and long duration of clopidogrel therapy (> 6 months) (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.21–2.50). Dual antiplatelet therapy, extended clopidogrel therapy, and high maintenance dose (150 mg/day) of clopidogrel were definite risk factors for any bleeding. Reduced renal function, both mild and severe, was the only definite risk factor for clinical ineffectiveness. These findings can help clinicians predict the risks and effectiveness of clopidogrel use for their patients and be used in clinical decision support tools.
Predicting Resolvin D1 Pharmacokinetics in Humans with Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling
Authors: Yellepeddi Venkata K. , Parashar Kaustubh , Dean Spencer M. , Watt Kevin M. , Constance Jonathan E. , Baker Olga J. 
Published: November 2020

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease with no effective treatment options. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) belongs to a class of lipid‐based specialized pro‐resolving mediators that showed efficacy in preclinical models of SS. We developed a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of RvD1 in mice and optimized the model using plasma and salivary gland pharmacokinetic (PK) studies performed in NOD/ShiLtJ mice with SS‐like features. The predictive performance of the PBPK model was also evaluated with two external datasets from the literature reporting RvD1 PKs. The PBPK model adequately captured the observed concentrations of RvD1 administered at different doses and in different species. The PKs of RvD1 in virtual humans were predicted using the verified PBPK model at various doses (0.01–10 mg/kg). The first‐in‐human predictions of RvD1 will be useful for the clinical trial design and translation of RvD1 as an effective treatment strategy for SS.
Sea freshening may drive the ecological impacts of emerging and existing invasive non‐native species
Authors: Dickey James W. E. , Cuthbert Ross N. , Steffen Gregor T. , Dick Jaimie T. A. , Briski Elizabeta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe spread of invasive non‐native species (INNS) will pose major threats to global biodiversity over the coming decades. However, predicting how key effects of climate change will influence the abilities of INNS to establish and exert ecological impact is a major challenge. One overlooked aspect of global change is the expected freshening of certain marine systems, which may interact with INNS and lead to drastic effects on community structure and stability.LocationBaltic Sea, Europe.MethodsHere, using three predatory amphipod crustaceans, we experimentally assessed how salinity reduction may affect the impacts of the emerging INNS,Pontogammarus maeoticus, relative to an existing INNS,Gammarus tigrinusand a trophically analogous native,Gammarus salinus. We quantified per capita impacts of the three species via the comparative functional response method (prey consumption over a range of prey densities) under a predicted seawater freshening scenario. We then combined amphipod functional responses with their life history traits to compare population‐level relative impact potential (RIP) on prey of the three amphipod species across salinities.ResultsFreshening substantially altered the predicted relative ecological impacts of both the INNS compared with the native. First, the functional responses of invasiveP. maeoticusandG. tigrinusincreased under freshening, while that of the nativeG. salinusdecreased. Second, RIP became consistently higher for both the INNS compared to the native with increased freshening.Main conclusionsOur methods thus reveal potential for climate change via seawater freshening to drive large shifts in dominance and ecological impacts of INNS compared with natives. With the number of INNS introductions unlikely to saturate in the near future, we highlight the need to assess the impacts of potential future INNS, alongside established non‐natives and native species, in combination with abiotic changes associated with climate change.
Proteomic profiles of the acquired enamel pellicle formed in vitro, in situ, or in vivo
Authors: Pelá Vinícius T. , Lunardelli João G.Q. , Ventura Talita M.O. , Camiloti Gabriel D. , Baumann Tommy , Carvalho Thiago S. , Lussi Adrian , Buzalaf Marília A.R. 
Published: November 2020

This study compared the protein profile of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) formed under three conditions: in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. Nine volunteers participated in all procedures. In the in vitro condition, the volunteers donated saliva, in which specimens were incubated to form the AEP. In the in situ condition, the volunteers used an oral device containing specimens where the AEP was formed. In the in vivo condition, the AEP was collected from the volunteers own teeth. All AEPs were formed for 120 min, collected and processed by mass spectrometry. Overall, a total of 321 proteins were identified, among which 37 proteins are commonly considered typical in the AEP. For each of the in vitro, in situ, and in vivo conditions, respectively, 66, 174, and 170 proteins were identified. For the in vitro condition, 17 pellicle‐typical proteins were not identified. Furthermore, several proteins with important functions within the AEP presented differences in expression in the three conditions. The qualitative profile of the proteins, especially the typical ones, is different in the in vitro condition. In addition, there are important quantitative differences that may interfere when attempting to extrapolate in vitro results to an in situ and in vivo condition.
Structural models of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins obtained in DPC micelles are not functionally relevant
Authors: Piel Mathilde S. , Masscheleyn Sandrine , Bouillaud Frédéric , Moncoq Karine , Miroux Bruno 
Published: November 2020

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane of brown adipocytes. In the presence of long‐chain fatty acids (LCFAs), UCP1 increases the proton conductance, which, in turn, increases fatty acid oxidation and energy release as heat. Atomic models of UCP1 and UCP2 have been generated based on the NMR backbone structure of UCP2 in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC), a detergent known to inactivate UCP1. Based on NMR titration experiments on UCP1 with LCFA, it has been proposed that K56 and K269 are crucial for LCFA binding and UCP1 activation. Given the numerous controversies on the use of DPC for structure–function analyses of membrane proteins, we revisited those UCP1 mutants in a more physiological context by expressing them in the mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mitochondrial respiration, assayed on permeabilized spheroplasts, enables the determination of UCP1 activation and inhibition. The K56S, K269S, and K56S/K269S mutants did not display any default in activation, which shows that the NMR titration experiments in DPC detergent are not relevant to UCP1 function.
Cyclic fatigue characteristics of rock failure using infrared radiation as precursor to violent failure: Experimental insights from loading and unloading response
Authors: Cao Kewang , Ma Liqiang , Wu Yu , Khan Naseer Muhammad , Spearing A.J.S.(Sam) , Hussain Sajjad , Yang Jie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this research paper, a new method is developed that can be used as a precursor of violent rock failure. It is based on measuring the characteristics of rock failure using infrared radiation (IR) under uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading. The loading–unloading response ratio (LURR) is determined based on IR indexes such as average infrared radiation temperature (AIRT) and infrared radiation temperature rate (IRTR). The results show that the LURR based on AIRT revealed an overall rising trend and mutation that occurred in the last cycle, which can be used as a precursor of the imminent rock failure. By contrast, the LURR based on IRTR has a noticeable ‘mutation‐rapid decrease’ in the middle and later periods of cyclic loading and unloading, which can also be considered as an early precursor of rock failure. Combined with the precursors of the imminent rock failure, the categorized warning of rock failure is recognized.