bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions to Improve Sexual and Reproductive Health in US Active Duty Military Service Members: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vargas Sara E. , Norris Colby , Landoll Ryan R. , Crone Baylee , Clark Madison F. , Quinlan Jeffrey D. , Guthrie Kate M. 
Published: March 2020

Objective: To identify and describe behavioral interventions to promote sexual and reproductive health among US active duty military service members. Data Sources: Systematic searches of PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychINFO (N = 1609 records). Inclusion Criteria: English-language articles published between 1991 and 2018 and retrieved using search terms related to military service, interventions, and sexual and reproductive health. Exclusion Criteria: Articles excluded if not empirically based, not published in peer-reviewed journals, did not sample active duty US military personnel, and did not examine the effectiveness of specified preventive sexual or reproductive health intervention(s). Data Extraction: Teams of paired authors extracted study rationale; aims; design; setting; description of the intervention; measures; sample demographics; clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes; and conclusions. Data Synthesis: Given the heterogeneity of studies, narrative synthesis was performed. Results: Fifteen articles met inclusion criteria: 10 focused on sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition and/or unintended pregnancy and 5 on sexual assault. Studies that assessed clinical outcomes found that interventions were associated with lower rates of STIs and/or unintended pregnancy. Significant effects were found on knowledge-related outcomes, while mixed effects were found on attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. Conclusions: Current evidence on the effectiveness of sexual and reproductive health interventions in the US military is limited in quality and scope. Promoting sexual and reproductive health in this population is critical to maintaining well-being among servicemembers, their families, and the communities surrounding military installations.
Value of Sample Separation Information in a Sequential Probit Model
Authors: Lahiri Kajal , Gao Chuanming , Wixon Bernard 
Published: March 2020

We illustrate the estimation and identification of multi-step sequential probit models with and without stepwise sample separation information. The likelihood functions are explicitly derived to ease experimentation with such models. We used data on health, activity limitations, demographic traits and work from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) and exactly matched them with Social Security administrative records to showcase our theoretical points. Using a Monte Carlo simulation technique, our results suggest that the correlations in errors across equations may arise due to unobserved individual heterogeneity. Using a novel marginal likelihood approach, we also estimated the above sequential probit model without the sample separation information for the purpose of direct comparison. In terms of both in-sample and jackknife-type out-of-sample predictive analysis, the value of modelling the underlying sequential structure of the determination process in generating correct membership probabilities of belonging to a particular group is confirmed. JEL: C31, C34, C 35, I12, I18
Comparison Between Autografts and Allografts in Superior Capsular Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Outcomes
Authors: Kim Dong Min , Shin Myung Jin , Kim Hyojune , Park Dongjun , Jeon In-Ho , Kholinne Erica , Koh Kyoung Hwan 
Published: March 2020

Background: The treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tears (IRCTs) is a significant challenge, and various treatment options have emerged. Superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) is a promising procedure for patients with IRCTs. Purpose: To investigate the clinical outcomes of SCR and compare allografts with autografts. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A search for relevant articles was carried out using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. We used medical subject heading (MeSH) terms and natural keywords (superior AND (capsule OR capsular) AND reconstruction). Also, we filtered for high-quality articles using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS). We summarized the characteristic data and commonly used outcome measures of each included study and performed a descriptive analysis using an evidence-based tendency concept as proposed by Huisstede et al (2013). Results: A total of 10 articles (374 shoulders) with a mean follow-up of 27.2 months were selected and analyzed. There were 4 articles on SCR with an autograft, 4 on SCR with an allograft, and 2 on SCR with both an autograft and allograft. For autografts and allografts, respectively, the mean gain in forward elevation (FE) was 48.7° and 33.3°, the visual analog scale for pain score improved by 3.5 and 3.3, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score increased by 47.3 and 31.9, and the acromiohumeral distance increased by 1.2 and 1.8 mm. In addition, the number of graft tears was 16 (10.0%) and 17 (12.9%), the number of other complications was 12 (7.5%) and 6 (3.9%), and the number of reoperations was 5 (3.1%) and 14 (8.2%) for autografts and allografts, respectively. Conclusion: Both autografts and allografts improved clinical outcomes. Although the graft tear rate appeared similar between the autograft and allograft groups, the autograft group had no cases of conversion to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. In addition, we found 3 evidence-based tendencies: (1) a tendency for both autografts and allografts to have significantly improved FE and clinical scores, (2) a tendency that autografts improved internal rotation and allografts improved abduction, and (3) a weak tendency that autografts improved abduction and allografts improved internal and external rotation. Although it was not possible to compare the groups statistically, the differences in ASES scores might be clinically important and will need to be explored in future comparative studies.
Evaluation of a Genetic Risk Score for Diagnosis of Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Smith Mary Patricia , Ly Karen , Thibodeaux Quinn , Beck Kristen , Yang Eric , Sanchez Isabelle , Nititham Joanne , Bhutani Tina , Liao Wilson 
Published: March 2020

Background: Diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) can be challenging, resulting in delays that contribute to irreversible joint damage, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Objective: Use genetic markers to develop and evaluate a PsA genetic risk score (GRS) for its ability to discriminate between psoriasis (PsO) only and PsO with PsA among a psoriatic cohort with full genome-wide genotype data. Methods: Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was performed on 724 psoriatic patients. A set of 11 candidate risk genes previously shown to be preferentially associated with PsO or PsA were selected. To evaluate the cumulative effects of these risk loci, a PsA GRS was developed using an unweighted risk allele count (cGRS) and a weighted (wGRS) approach. Additional analyses included only human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk alleles. Results: The discriminative power attributable to each GRS was evaluated by calculating the areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC). The AUROC for the wGRS is 56.2% versus 54.1% for the cGRS, and the AUROC for the HLA-only wGRS model was 56.9% versus 55.7% for the HLA-only cGRS. Conclusion: The AUROC of 56.9% for HLA-only wGRS indicates that this approach has the greatest power in discriminating PsA from PsO among these models. Given that an AUROC of 56.9% is quite modest, this study suggests that using a small number of well-validated genetic loci provides limited predictive power for PsA, and that future approaches may benefit from using a larger number of genetic loci.
Using fractional exhaled nitric oxide to guide step-down treatment decisions in patients with asthma: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Kay , Verbakel Jan Y. , Oke Jason , Fleming-Nouri Alexander , Brewin Josh , Roberts Nia , Harada Norihiro , Atsuta Ryo , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Mori Kazutaka , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Shirai Toshihiro , Kawayama Tomotaka , Inoue Hiromasa , Lazarus Stephen , Szefler Stanley , Martinez Fernando , Shaw Dominick , Pavord Ian D. , Thomas Mike 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundHigh exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FENO) levels are associated with greater risk of asthma exacerbation. However, it is not clear howFENOcan be used to guide safe reductions in inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) doses in asthma patients. This study assesses the ability ofFENOto guide ICS reductions.MethodsSystematic searching of electronic databases identified prospective observational studies and randomised controlled trials which recruited participants with mild-to-moderate asthma aged ≥12 years and measuredFENObefore reducing ICS. We performed multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression in relation to acute exacerbations and estimated each participant's exacerbation risk using our logistic regression model.ResultsWe included data from seven out of eight eligible studies, representing 384 participants. ICS doses were halved in four studies and withdrawn in three studies. A baselineFENOmeasurement of ≥50 ppb was associated with increased risk of exacerbations (crude OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.41–7.00, p=0.005; adjusted OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.36–6.98, p=0.007) and corresponded to an estimated exacerbation risk cut-off of 15%. Reducing ICS when estimated exacerbation risk was <15%versus<10% would result in fewer patients remaining on the same ICS dose (40 (10.4%) out of 384versus141 (36.7%) out of 384), but similar proportions of patients avoiding exacerbations (222 (91.4%) out of 243, 95% CI 87.1–94.6%versus311 (90.4%) out of 344, 95% CI 86.8–93.3%).ConclusionIn patients with mild-to-moderate asthma, gradual ICS reduction whenFENOis <50 ppb may help decrease ICS use without increasing exacerbations. Future research should aim to validate these findings in larger populations.
MicroRNA-125b exerts antitumor functions in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by targeting the STAT3 pathway
Authors: Tian Ke , Liu Wanggen , Zhang Jing , Fan Xiaoyi , Liu Jingyuan , Zhao Nan , Yao Chunxia , Miao Guoying 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
MicroRNA-125b (miR-125b) is downregulated in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). However, its function in CSCC has yet to be extensively explored. Here, we analyze the relationship between signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and miR-125b in CSCC.

Methods
Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR were used to determine the expression of the miR-125b–STAT3 axis in human CSCC tissues and cell lines. The direct regulatory effect of miR-125b on STAT3 expression was assessed using a luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. The MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to determine the role of the miR-125b–STAT3 axis in CSCC cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Results
MiR-125b expression levels were significantly lower in CSCC cell lines and tissues than in normal cell lines and tissues. STAT3 was identified as the direct target of miR-125b. Upregulation of miR-125b and downregulation of STAT3 suppressed cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Cyclin D1 and Bcl2 were identified as the downstream targets of the miR-125–STAT3 axis.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that miR-125b acts as a tumor suppressor in CSCC by targeting the STAT3 pathway. This observation increases our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CSCC. Therapies aimed at activating miR-125b or inhibiting STAT3 signaling should be explored as potential treatments for CSCC.
Teleology’s long shadow
Authors: Werth A. , Allchin D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe describe the ubiquity of teleological language and thinking throughout biology, as a context for understanding how students think about evolution, as well. Examples can be found in molecular biology, physiology, ecology, and taxonomy, at least. Recent research documents a deep human psychological tendency to attribute purpose or intent (and thus normative meaning) to natural phenomena. We present a possible evolutionary explanation. Still, these cognitive habits help foster scientific errors of projecting human norms onto natural phenomena (what we have elsewhere termed the naturalizing error). Subsequent appeals to “nature” are used (inappropriately) to justify cultural ideologies. Accordingly, we advocate explicit learning about teleological dispositions and their cultural consequences as an essential countermeasure.
Ancient evolutionary signals of protein-coding sequences allow the discovery of new genes in the Drosophila melanogaster genome
Authors: Casimiro-Soriguer Carlos S. , Rubio Alejandro , Jimenez Juan , Pérez-Pulido Antonio J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The current growth in DNA sequencing techniques makes of genome annotation a crucial task in the genomic era. Traditional gene finders focus on protein-coding sequences, but they are far from being exhaustive. The number of this kind of genes continuously increases due to new experimental data and development of improved bioinformatics algorithms.

Results
In this context, AnABlast represents a novel in silico strategy, based on the accumulation of short evolutionary signals identified by protein sequence alignments of low score. This strategy potentially highlights protein-coding regions in genomic sequences regardless of traditional homology or translation signatures. Here, we analyze the evolutionary information that the accumulation of these short signals encloses. Using the Drosophila melanogaster genome, we stablish optimal parameters for the accurate gene prediction with AnABlast and show that this new strategy significantly contributes to add genes, exons and pseudogenes regions, yet to be discovered in both already annotated and new genomes.

Conclusions
AnABlast can be freely used to analyze genomic regions of whole genomes where it contributes to complete the previous annotation.
Can microscopic ileitis in patients with clinically suspected inflammatory bowel disease predict the future?
Authors: Abu Baker Fadi , Z’cruz De La Garza Jesus Alonso , Nafrin Smadar , Mari Amir , Suki Muhammed , Ovadia Baruch , Gal Oren , Kopelamn Yael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The implication of microscopic ileitis finding in patients referred for ileocolonoscopy for clinically suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not well defined, and its correlation with clinical outcome has not been fully studied. The current study aims to determine the prognostic yield of biopsies in this setting, and to evaluate the correlation of microscopic ileitis with long-term clinical outcome.

Methods
We reviewed endoscopic reports of patients referred to our department for ileocolonoscopy in the years 2010–2016, as part of a diagnostic work-up for suspected IBD. Patients whose ileocolonoscopies proved normal were included, provided that terminal ileum biopsies had been performed. Accordingly, patients were divided into groups classified as normal (normal or reactive changes) and microscopic ileitis (inflammation or ileitis of any severity). Both groups were followed prospectively to determine clinical outcome.

Results
A total of 439 patients met the inclusion criteria. Sixty-four (14.6%) showed inflammation on biopsy and were included in the microscopic ileitis group. Age range and gender figures did not differ significantly between the groups. Overall follow-up period was 6.1 ± 2.3 years. Patients in the microscopic ileitis group were significantly associated with Crohn’s diagnosis during the follow-up period compared with the normal group (19% vs 2%, OR = 11.98, 95%CI = 4.48–32.01; p < 0.01). Patients with granuloma or moderate-severe ileitis on biopsy were significantly associated with Crohn’s development (100% vs 11%; P < 0.01) compared with mild or nonspecific inflammation.

Conclusion
The discovery of microscopic ileitis in clinically suspected IBD is associated with increased risk of future diagnosis of Crohn’s disease.
Stroke patients treated by thrombectomy in real life differ from cohorts of the clinical trials: a prospective observational study
Authors: Deb-Chatterji Milani , Pinnschmidt Hans , Flottmann Fabian , Leischner Hannes , Alegiani Anna , Brekenfeld Caspar , Fiehler Jens , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment (ET) in anterior circulation large vessel occlusions (LVO). We aimed at investigating how stroke patients treated by thrombectomy in clinical practice and their outcome compare to cohorts and results of thrombectomy trials.

Methods
In a prospective study, we consecutively included stroke patients treated by thrombectomy (2015–2017). Baseline characteristics, procedural and outcome data were analyzed. Outcome was assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days. Ordinal regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of outcome.

Results
Thrombectomy was applied in 264 patients (median 75 years, 49.6% female). Median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 16, 58.0% received concomitant intravenous thrombolysis, 62.1% were referred from external hospitals. Median Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) was 7. Successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Score, mTICI 2b/3) was achieved in 72.0%. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) occurred in 4.5%. Independent outcome (mRS 0–2) was achieved in 26.2%, poor outcome (mRS 5–6) in 49.2%. Only 33.5% met the stringent enrolment criteria of previous RCTs. Lower age, baseline NIHSS, pre-stroke mRS, higher ASPECTS, and successful recanalization were independent predictors of favourable outcome.

Conclusions
The majority of stroke patients treated by ET in clinical practice would not have qualified for randomization in prior RCTs. Outcome in real-life patient cohorts is worse than in the highly selected cohorts from randomized trials, while rates of successful recanalization, sICH and outcome predictors are the same. Our findings support ET in broader patient populations than in the RCTs and may improve treatment decision in individual stroke patients with LVO in clinical practice.
Incidence and predictive factors of diaphragmatic dysfunction in acute stroke
Authors: Catalá-Ripoll José Vicente , Monsalve-Naharro José Ángel , Hernández-Fernández Francisco 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The most characteristic clinical signs of stroke are motor and/or sensory involvement of one side of the body. Respiratory involvement has also been described, which could be related to diaphragmatic dysfunction contralateral to the brain injury. Our objective is to establish the incidence of diaphragmatic dysfunction in ischaemic stroke and analyse the relationship between this and the main prognostic markers.

Methods
A prospective study of 60 patients with supratentorial ischaemic stroke in the first 48 h. Demographic and clinical factors were recorded. A diaphragmatic ultrasound was performed for the diagnosis of diaphragmatic dysfunction by means of the thickening fraction, during normal breathing and after forced inspiration. Diaphragmatic dysfunction was considered as a thickening fraction lower than 20%. The appearance of respiratory symptoms, clinical outcomes and mortality were recorded for 6 months. A bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis was designed to relate the incidence of respiratory involvement with the diagnosis of diaphragmatic dysfunction and with the main clinical determinants.

Results
An incidence of diaphragmatic dysfunction of 51.7% was observed. 70% (23 cases) of these patients developed symptoms of severe respiratory compromise during follow-up. Independent predictors were diaphragmatic dysfunction in basal respiration (p = 0.026), hemiparesis (p = 0.002) and female sex (p = 0.002). The cut-off point of the thickening fraction with greater sensitivity (75.75%) and specificity (62.9%) was 24% (p = 0.003).

Conclusions
There is a high incidence of diaphragmatic dysfunction in patients with supratentorial ischaemic stroke which can be studied by calculating the thickening fraction on ultrasound. Among these patients we have detected a higher incidence of severe respiratory involvement.
An efficient gene disruption method for the woody plant pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea
Authors: Dong Bao-Zhu , Guo Li-Yun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Botryosphaeria dothidea causes apple white rot and infects many tree plants. Genome data for B. dothidea are available and many pathogenesis-related genes have been predicted. However, a gene manipulation method is needed to study the pathogenic mechanism of B. dothidea.

Results
We established a gene disruption (GD) method based on gene homologous recombination (GHR) for B. dothidea using polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation. The results showed that a GHR cassette gave much higher GD efficiency than a GHR plasmid. A high GD efficiency (1.3 ± 0.14 per 106 protopasts) and low frequency of random insertions were achieved with a DNA cassette quantity of 15 μg per 106 protoplasts. Moreover, we successfully disrupted genes in two strains. Bdo_05381-disrupted transformants produced less melanin, whereas the Bdo_02540-disrupted transformant showed a slower growth rate and a stronger resistance to Congo red.

Conclusion
The established GD method is efficient and convenient and has potential for studying gene functions and the pathogenic mechanisms of B. dothidea and other coenocytic fungi.