bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training Program in Population Neuroscience of Alzheimer’s Disease and Age-Related Dementias
Authors: Rosano Caterina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The recent successes of medical science in extending lifespan, with marginal improvements in healthspan, have increased the number of adults reaching very old ages, but also their burden of age-related comorbidities. For these “new” populations of older adults, cumulative exposure to chronic conditions, biological and chronological aging as well as life-long environmental factors, interact with each other in ways that are both very complex and not yet well understood. Understanding these complex pathways and their contribution to brain aging is fundamentally important to conduct rigorous etiological research into the causes of ADRD. We are also seeing great technological advances in measuring health factors in general and brain characteristics in particular, the application of which is providing ever more precise phenotypes but also very large and complex datasets. Such “big” data require careful sampling designs and analytical approaches infused with an understanding of the condition being studied to effectively produce new knowledge to move research to treatment and prevention. We propose that the successful clinical neuroepidemiological investigators of the future must be able to link comorbidities, environmental exposures, lifestyles, genomics, e.g. host susceptibility, with knowledge of modern technology of neurosciences and measurement of brain disease and data science. We will describe our experience at the University of Pittsburgh in leading a new training program in Population Neuroscience of ADRD. Our curriculum responds to the changing landscape of career pathways, technological innovations, and demographic shifts in the aging population.
Expanding Workforce Capacity to Care for Older Veterans: The VA GRECC Interprofessional Training Experience
Authors: Nearing Kathryn , Misra Sumathi , Echt Katharina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) contributes more to training healthcare professionals in geriatrics/gerontology than any other entity nationally, with the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) network serving as a leader in geriatric-/gerontology-specific interprofessional education. The Associated Health Training (AHT) Program is supported by all GRECCs, training ~427 trainees annually (FY17). Each AHT program brings together a diverse array of trainees – the specific constellation of disciplines unique to each GRECC based on local capacity/expertise. Common to all programs is intentional interprofessional training, aligned with Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) competencies. In 2016, the VA Office of Academic Affiliations (OAA) administered a 22-item survey to characterize the depth and breadth of geriatric-/gerontologic-specific interprofessional education across GRECCs. Questions explored how AHT programs addressed each of the four IPEC competency domains. Responses were de-identified; at least 2 coders independently applied directed coding to responses. Across GRECCs (n=18), 323 interprofessional training activities were coded, of which 9% were didactic; 27%, clinical; and, 63%, combination. Interprofessional education activities were integrated with profession-specific curricula (65.3%) or featured as part of GRECC-specific core curricula (5.4%). GRECC AHT interprofessional programs involved an average of 11 disciplines. GRECC AHT programs provide a vital infrastructure for building workforce capacity through robust, interprofessional training that engages diverse disciplines across a variety of care settings representing the continuum of care for older Veterans. GRECC and OAA efforts are critical to enhancing the quality, and expanding the capacity, of this workforce to meet increasing needs for patient-directed, team-based care for older adults.
Interprofessional Education: A Model for Academic and Community Collaboration for Professional Education
Authors: Jurkowski Elaine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Teamwork and collaboration across disciplines is becoming critically important as we meet the health and human service needs of people growing older and their families. The myriad of competencies, language and tasks specific to each discipline are not easily or intuitively mastered within discipline specific curricula. This presentation aims to provide a model that addresses the curricular needs for course preparation through inter-professional educational strategies. While the traditional IPE components are address, this model also integrates in the training process, education through the lens of the social determinants of health, community collaboration through health and human service networks, population health and public policy. This presentation will lay out the model and articulate specific educational strategies to address each of the dimensions of the model, to include the flip classroom, experiential activities, assessment and intervention tools, panel discussions with community and agency partners and epidemiologic/population health data. This model identifies a unique approach to teaching students and professionals about collaboration across disciplines for the benefits of addressing the needs of an older adult target group. This model also moves the process of teaching interprofessional collaboration and education beyond understanding values and ethics, roles and responsibilities, team care and communication.
The Age-Friendly University: Theory and Practice in Institutional Transformation
Authors: Clark Phillip , Leedahl Skye 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Growth in the network of Age-Friendly Universities (AFU) signals the importance of making higher education more age inclusive. Commitment to AFU principles creates opportunities for universities to develop new initiatives and activities that embody them. However, changing academic culture can present unique challenges as well as opportunities. Theories of organizational change help in developing strategies promoting greater involvement of older adults in communities traditionally focused on younger adults. The University of Rhode Island’s experience in continuing to develop as an AFU illustrates the complex challenge of transformation in institutions typically slow to change. This presentation focuses on the following three elements. First, uncovering and confronting ageism in academic settings is a critical first step in opening up the campus community to students of all ages. Second, identifying champions who can advocate for change in different institutional segments is an essential element in expanding the AFU movement. Third, promoting intergenerational programs helps to build bridges between traditional age and older students, particularly emphasizing the contributions that older adults can make to the academic enterprise. Implications for expanding the AFU network while focusing on individual institutions include the following: (1) using theory to drive practice in an intentional and strategic fashion; (2) identifying factors opposing change, particularly since they are usually hidden and not widely recognized; (3) developing a strategy to address these barriers, especially one tailored to the unique institutional context; and (4) recognizing the larger social, economic, and political forces generally in higher education that establish the context for AFUs.
Co-Designing Caregiver-Centered Care: Training the Health Workforce to Support Family Caregivers
Authors: Parmar Jasneet , Poole Lisa , Anderson Sharon , Cheryl Pollard , Duggleby Wendy , Charles Lesley , Brémault-Phillips Suzette , Holyroyd-Leduc Jayna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Family caregivers [FCGs] provide over 80% of the care for people with dementia, chronic illness and impairments. Despite evidence of their contributions and consequences of caregiving, support for FCGs has not been a health system priority. Our innovative solution, to reduce caregiver distress and support caregivers’ wellbeing, is to educate the health workforce in a meaningful manner based on evidence. We validated Caregiver-Centered Care Core Competencies required to address the gap between what FCGs report they need and preparation of healthcare providers to meet those needs. This competency-based education will prepare healthcare providers to effectively identify, engage, assess, and support FCGs, and address the inconsistent system of supports for FCGs. We co-designed our Caregiver Centered Care Education using effective practices for dementia education for health workforce and co-design. We engaged over 60 multi-level, interdisciplinary stakeholders with expertise in health workforce education, frontline healthcare, dementia care, health policy, and family caregiving. We ensured that we included FCGs of people living with dementia. The teaching/learning resources include competency-aligned educational modules, multimedia resources, and facilitators guide. As the hallmark of effective education is content relevant to learners’ needs and contexts, our education is designed flexibly, to be tailored to settings and learners. We are pilot testing the Caregiver-Centered Care Education, for acceptability and effectiveness, in five contexts: primary care, acute care, homecare, supportive living, and long-term care. Our education will support Caregiver-Centered Care in all settings providing dementia-related care. Health workforce support will be essential to maintain FCG wellbeing and sustain family caregiving.
How Loneliness, Depressed Mood, and Diet Affect Eating Habits and Grocery Shopping
Authors: Solway Erica , Singer Dianne , Malani Preeti , Kullgren Jeffrey , Kirch Matthias , Leung Cindy , Wolfson Julia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of loneliness and relationship with cooking and eating habits among older adults using data collected in December 2019 from a nationally representative sample age 50-80 through the National Poll on Healthy Aging. Older adults who live alone were more likely those who lived with others (19% vs. 8%) and those with a high PHQ-2 score were more like than those with a low PHQ-2 score (20% vs. 11%) to report that they do not cook dinner most days (0-2 times/week). Those who rated their diet as fair/poor were more likely to indicate they cook few meals a week (0-2) compared to those who reported a good or very good/excellent diet (18% vs. 11 % vs 8%). Those with a high PHQ-2 score were less likely than those with a low PHQ-2 score to say they do major food shopping less than once a week (31% vs 47%). Those with a high PHQ-2 score were more likely to say that that always ate alone in the last week compared to those with a low PHQ-2 score (17% vs 7%). These findings demonstrate that older adults who lived alone, had a higher PHQ-2 score, and had a poorer diet were more likely to cook and do grocery shopping less often. Strategies and policies to support older adults to address depressive symptoms and to increase cooking and improve diet may have many health and social benefits and will be explored through this session.
The Caregiver Transportation Scale Measures the Impact of Driving Cessation on Caregivers
Authors: Bedard Michel , Fossum Shauna , Mazmanian Dwight , Møller Hello , Lowey Jessica 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Driving cessation can impact retiring drivers, but we often neglect to consider its effect on caregivers. Caregivers may have to deal with important changes when someone they care for ceases driving, but we have few means to quantify these changes. Hence, we aimed to develop the Caregiver Transportation Scale (CTS) to measure this impact. We developed a bank of positive and negative questions, then pre-tested it with a small sample of caregivers (N = 11), leading to reduction and refinement of the questions. We pilot-tested this set of questions with a larger caregiver sample (phase 2; N = 73). Preliminary validation of the tool relied on correlation analyses with the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and relevant demographic questions. For phase 2, the mean caregiver age was 61.9 (SD = 10.23, range 20-83); most caregivers were female (80.8%) and were adult-child caregivers (61.7%). The final version of the CTS contains 24 items. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was .90. The mean caregiver score was 64.75 (SD = 16.76, range 24-98); about 1/3 of caregivers’ scores fell above the middle possible score of 72. The scores were positively correlated with the Zarit Burden Interview (r = .74, p &lt; .001) and negatively correlated with the availability of others to help with driving responsibilities (r = -.36, p = .002). The CTS has the potential to help inform, develop, and evaluate services for caregivers who provide transportation support for older adults who ceased driving. However, further validation is required before we recommend its use.
The Joint Effects of Loneliness and Depression on Mortality: Does Gender Matter?
Authors: Ng Ted Kheng Siang , Visaria Abhijit , Chan Angelique W M , Ng Kheng Siang Ted 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Loneliness and depression are both associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality among older adults. However, the evidence on the joint effect of loneliness and depression is scarce. Furthermore, previous research has rarely examined the modifying effects of gender. We investigated these questions using the Panel on Health and Aging of Singaporean Elderly, a nationally-representative cohort study of community-dwelling older Singaporean adults aged 60 and above, conducted in 2009 with two follow-up waves in 2011 and 2015 (N=4536). We operationalized six groups based on three categories of loneliness measured using the 3-item University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale: always lonely, sometimes lonely, and never lonely; Two categories of depressive symptom scores were measured using the 11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) scale: depressed and not depressed. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to estimate the mortality risks for each group, with an extensive set of covariates. Due to significant differences in the prevalence of loneliness and depression in different genders, we conducted gender-stratified analyses. Compared to being not depressed and never lonely, women who were depressed and sometimes lonely and who were not depressed but always lonely had a higher mortality risk. Men who were not depressed but sometimes lonely had a higher mortality risk. We conclude that loneliness appears to be the predominant construct in conferring excess mortality risk. Health policies and interventions addressing the factors common and unique to each gender may improve psychological well-being at older ages, thereby extending the lifespan.
Are Older Adults a Burden on Society? Ethnic Differences in What Younger Nigerians Think
Authors: Oladimeji Abolade 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ageism is on the rise in Nigeria. Recently congress passed a bill on “not too young to rule” a campaign to advocate for younger Nigerians to take over leadership positions from older political officeholders. This paper focuses on ethnic differences among Nigerians who think older adults are a burden on society. Our sample included 1,693 randomly selected Nigerians (18 yrs-59yrs) who were in wave six of the world values survey conducted in 2012 comprising of the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria; Hausa (33%), Igbo (24%), and Yoruba (25%). Using multivariate logistic regression, results show that among the Hausas; life satisfaction, education, employment, gender, income, and geography predict bias towards older adults (OR=1.12*,.89*,.61*,.63*,1.12*,.74***) respectively. Among the Igbos; only education predicts bias towards older adults (OR=.75***). Among the Yorubas; income and geography predict bias towards older adults (OR=.86*, 1.20*) respectively. These findings underscore that several individual resources, as well as relationship status, are associated with a bias towards the elderly in Nigeria. The results reinforce the idea that the underlying causes of ageism might be structural such as political failure, poverty, illiteracy, and rurality. To change how younger generations, think of older adults, macro-level interventions and policies need to be implemented.
Individualism Increases the Influence of Perceived Competence of Older Adults on Attitudes Toward Them
Authors: Chen Amber Xuqian , Fung Helene 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Negative views of ageing can lower respect for older adults.Yet, negative views of ageing vary across cultures. Asian collectivistic cultures are assumed to respect older adults more than Western individualistic cultures do. However, recent empirical findings on this cross-cultural comparison have suggested that negative attitudes toward older people are also prevalent, or even more evident in collectivistic cultures than individualistic cultures. Using data from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey, a dataset consisting of 75,650 individuals from 56 societies, we employed Linear Mixed Modeling to test the association between perceived competence of older adults and respect towards them. We also explored and the moderating role of culture on this association. In the present study, perceived competence of older adults was indexed as a proportional score representing the relative perception of competence (i.e. relative competence perception = competence / (competence + friendliness). Results showed that individuals tended to respect older adults who were more competent or friendly. Furthermore, individuals who were more individualistic respected older adults more when older adults were perceived to be more competent relative to friendly. This pattern was reversed in individuals who were less individualistic. These findings suggest that whether people who differ on personal individualistic values respect older adults depends on whether older adults are perceived to be competent versus friendly. Findings from this study highlight the importance of changing cultural values on ageism attitudes, especially the potential effects of rising individualism on negative attitudes of ageing in Asia.
Hispanics and Hospice Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cardenas Valeria , Enguidanos Susan , Fennell Gillian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hospice care has demonstrated improved pain and symptom relief for patients at end-of-life, however, Hispanics have significantly lower rates of hospice use compared to Whites. Moreover, few studies have examined factors associated with these lower enrollment rates and barriers to hospice care experienced by Hispanics. This systematic literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of studies examining Hispanic hospice use. We conducted a comprehensive search using three electronic databases (Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL) from January 1946 to March 2019 using MESH terms for Hispanics, hospice, and end-of-life care. Our review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Studies of Hispanic adults living in the United States that examined hospice use, outcomes of care, or knowledge and attitudes towards hospice were included. Commentaries, case studies, editorials, literature reviews were excluded. Of the 4,230 abstracts reviewed, 43 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. Among these studies, barriers to hospice among Hispanics included lack of hospice knowledge and awareness, language barriers, and cultural barriers. Among most studies, Hispanics were less likely to receive hospice care than Whites, although some studies found that among those that enrolled in hospice, Hispanics had longer lengths of stay than whites. Overall few studies examined Hispanics use of hospice, and among those we found most were of moderate and low quality. More research is needed to understand the full range of Hispanics experiences of hospice care. Such research could guide efforts to develop culturally tailored care for this community.
Literacy Skills, Immigration, and Motivation to Learn Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Sahoo Shalini , Millar Roberto , Yamashita Taka , Cummins Phyllis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Education and training over the life course or lifelong learning has become critical in the fast-changing U.S. society. Foundation skills (e.g., literacy), motivation, curiosity, as well as access to learning opportunities are essential to promote lifelong learning. Despite the importance of these promoting factors, empirical research focusing on complex relationships between literacy skills, immigration and motivation to learn (MtL) among middle-aged and older adults is scarce. The objective of this study is to examine how literacy skills and immigration (vs. U.S. born) are associated with MtL among middle-aged and older adults in the U.S. Nationally representative data (n = 8,670) of adults aged 45 years and older were obtained from the 2012/2014 Program for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). Structural equation models were constructed to examine the formerly tested and validated latent MtL construct based on four 5-point Likert-type scale items among the sub-population of interest. Results showed that higher literacy skills (0-500 points; b = 0.002, p &lt; 0.05) was associated with greater MtL. Additionally, immigrants were less likely (b = -0.114, p &lt; 0.05) to have greater MtL than those who are non-immigrants (i.e. U.S. born). Higher literacy skills may indicate positive experiences in previous adult education and training and greater readiness for further learning. Findings from this study provide new empirical evidence of lifelong learning determinants. Educators and researchers should be aware of limited literacy and being an immigrant as potential barriers to knowledge-seeking in later life.
Is Childhood Disadvantage Temporary or Permanent? Evidence From the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health in Ghana
Authors: Ayernor Paul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper assesses whether childhood socioeconomic status have a temporary or permanent effect on adult health status and well-being. The study uses cumulative inequality theory to explain disparity in health status and well-being at older ages in Ghana. Data comes from the 2007-2008 World Health Organization global study of ageing in Ghana (SAGE). The study utilizes wave 1 of the data, with retrospective questions about early childhood socioeconomic status. The study uses ordinal logistic regression models to assess the relationship between childhood socioeconomic status and self-report health on one hand and wellbeing on the another. The results show that father’s education is a significant predictor of health status and wellbeing at older ages. Specifically, the odds of reporting good and moderate health status and wellbeing are 1.29 and 2.22 times higher among older adults whose fathers have primary education or higher. As expected, the odds of reporting moderate or good health status and wellbeing decrease with increasing age and also for women. In terms of interaction effects, those aged 60-69 years whose fathers have primary education are less likely to report good and moderate health. In contrast, those who are aged 70-79 years old and have fathers with secondary or higher education are 2.51 times more likely to report good and moderate wellbeing. There is strong evidence of compensation among those who keep once or twice contact with social ties.