bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lactobacillus spp. on adhesion, invasion, and translocation of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken and pig small-intestinal epithelial cell lines
Authors: Pogačar Maja Šikić , Langerholc Tomaž , Mičetić-Turk Dušanka , Možina Sonja Smole , Klančnik Anja 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground: Campylobacter spp. are a major cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease. This mainly arises through contamination of meat products during processing. For infection, Campylobacter spp. must adhere to epithelial cells of the mucus layer, survive conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, and colonise the intestine of the host. Addition of probiotic bacteria might promote competitive adhesion to epithelial cells, consequently reducing Campylobacter jejuni colonisation. Effect of Lactobacillus spp. (PCS20, PCS22, PCS25, LGG, PCK9) on C. jejuni adhesion, invasion and translocation in pig (PSI cl.1) and chicken (B1OXI) small-intestine cell lines, as well as pig enterocytes (CLAB) was investigated.Results Overall, in competitive adhesion assays with PSI cl.1 and CLAB cell monolayers, the addition of Lactobacillus spp. reduced C. jejuni adherence to the cell surface, and negatively affected the C. jejuni invasion. Interestingly, Lactobacillus spp. significantly impaired C. jejuni adhesion in three-dimensional functional PSI cl.1 and B1OXI cell models. Also, C. jejuni did not translocate across PSI cl.1 and B1OXI cell monolayers when co-incubated with probiotics. Among selected probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG was the strain that reduced adhesion efficacy of C. jejuni most significantly under co-culture conditions.Conclusion The addition of Lactobacillus spp. to feed additives in livestock nutrition might be an effective novel strategy to targets Campylobacter adhesion to epithelial cells, and thus prevents colonisation, reduces the transmission, and finally lowers the incidence of human campylobacteriosis.
The relationship between caesarean section and breastfeeding: evidence from the 2013 Turkey demographic and health survey
Authors: Erbaydar Nuket Paksoy , Erbaydar Tuğrul 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The mode of delivery influences breastfeeding practices. High caesarean section and low breastfeeding rates are important public health concerns for all developing countries. This study aimed to determine the relationship between caesarean section and early breastfeeding practices among primiparas. Methods Data for primiparas with a singleton birth (n = 777) obtained from the 2013 Turkish Demographic and Health Survey were used in this retrospective cohort study. Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of delivery and exclusive breastfeeding during the first three days after delivery were evaluated. Standardized incidence rates and standardized rate ratios of non-early initiation of breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding were calculated according to mode of delivery. Results The late initiation of breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding incidence rates were 42.7% and 41.0%, respectively. The standardized incidence rate of late initiation of breastfeeding among women with vaginal delivery was 35.34%, versus 50.49% for those with caesarean delivery. The standardized rate ratios for late initiation of breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding were 1.428 (95% CI: 1.212, 1.683) and 1.468 (95% CI: 1.236-1.762), respectively. Women that underwent caesarean section had a higher risk of late initiation of breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding during the three days following delivery, after controlling for socio-demographic and delivery-related factors. Conclusions This study provides evidence useful for implementing strategies to prevent unnecessary caesarean sections, which negatively affect not only maternal health, but also neonatal health as well. Promotion of mother-friendly policies by healthcare institutions that are implemented in a baby-friendly manner are essential.
Lipopolysaccharide Worsens the Prognosis of Experimental Cerebral Ischemia via Interferon Gamma-Induced Protein 10 Recruit in the Acute Stage
Authors: Wang Ping , ZHANG Jiaqi , GUO Feifei , Wang Shuang , ZHANG Yi , LI Defeng , XU Haiyu , YANG Hongjun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Infection is an important clinical complication facing stroke-patients and triples the risk of death within 30 days post-stroke via mechanisms which are poorly understood. Aims: We tried to explore the mechanisms that inflammation caused by infections aggravated the ischemic brain injury after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods: We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as systemic inflammatory stimuli to explore the mechanisms of aggravated ischemic brain injury after Sprague-Dawley male rats subjected to MCAO.Brain damage was evaluated by cerebral blood perfusion, Longa-5 scores, infarct volume and edema degree. Systemic cytokine responses and inflammatory changes in the plasma and brain were analyzed by ELISA kit, RT 2 Profiler TM PCR array, and quantitative real-time PCR.The differential genes were subjected to Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Results: LPS profoundly aggravated the brain damage after 24 hrs post-MCAO. At the acute stage (Ischemia/Reperfusion 90min/3h), the brain homogenate gene expression of Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-a), Interleukin 1b(IL-1b)and Interferon Gamma-Induced Protein 10 (IP-10)was significantly up-regulated and the contents in plasma and brain homogenate were significantly increased in MCAO and MCAO+LPS group. IP-10 was the only gene with significant difference between MCAO and MCAO+LPS group, which was also in an important position with degrees of ³14 in PPI network. Conclusions: It was possible that trace LPS aggravated the ischemic brain injury by induction of excessive IP-10 secretion in the acute stage, leading to excessive inflammatory response, which consequently increased the infarct volume and edema degree 24 hrs post-MCAO.
Tobacco and electronic cigarette cues for smoking and vaping: an online experimental study
Authors: Blackwell Anna K M , De-loyde Katie , Brocklebank Laura A , Maynard Olivia M , Marteau Theresa M , Hollands Gareth J , Fletcher Paul C , Attwood Angela S , Morris Richard W , Munafò Marcus R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective

This study examined whether exposure to smoking and vaping cues the urge to smoke or vape. It extends previous studies on first-generation cigalikes (visually similar to cigarettes) and second-generation devices (visually similar to pens) by including third-generation tank system devices (larger bulky units). In an online experiment, participants were randomly assigned to view one of four videos, which included smoking, vaping (cigalike or tank system), or neutral cues. The primary outcome was urge to smoke. Secondary outcomes were urge to vape, desire to smoke and vape, and intention to quit or remain abstinent from smoking.Results

UK adults varying in smoking (current or former) and vaping (user or non-user) status (n=1120) completed the study: 184 (16%) failed study attention checks meaning 936 were included in the final analysis. Urges to smoke were similar across cue groups. Urges to vape were higher following exposure to vaping compared to neutral cues. There was no clear evidence of an interaction between cue group and smoking or vaping status. The lack of cueing effects on smoking urges is inconsistent with previous research, raising questions about the ability to assess craving in online settings.
Repeated intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration may increase the risk of ischemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Chen Yu-Yen , Chou Pesus , Huang Yu-Fang , Chien Hung-Jen , Wu Yu-Chieh , Lee Chia-Chi , Huang Li-Ying , Chen Hsin-Hua 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Previous case reports have demonstrated the occurrence of ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) following intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). However, no previous studies have investigated the impact of injection numbers on the risk of ION. The aim of our study was to investigate whether repeated intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF would increase the risk of subsequent ION in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: A population-based, retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database was conducted from 2007 to 2013. Neovascular AMD patients receiving intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF during the study period were enrolled in the study cohort. Enrollees were divided into three groups according to the categorized levels of injection number (first level: < 10 times, second level: 10–15 times, and third level: > 15 times). Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to compare the cumulative hazard of subsequent ION among the three groups. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for ION development with respect to the different levels of injection numbers. The confounders included for adjustment were age, sex, and comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart disease, and glaucoma). Results: In total, the study cohort included 77210 patients. Of these, 26520, 38010, and 12680 were in the first-, second-, and third-level groups, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier method revealed that the cumulative hazards of ION were significantly higher in those who had a higher injection number. After adjusting for confounders, the adjusted HRs for ION in the second- and third-level groups were 1.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32–2.76) and 2.20 (95% CI, 1.42–3.43), respectively, compared with those in the first-level group. Conclusions: Among patients with neovascular AMD, those who receive a higher number of anti-VEGF injections have a significantly higher risk of developing ION compared with individuals who receive a lower number of injections.
A Randomized Double-Blind Comparison of Double-Space Technique versus Single-Space Technique in Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia for Cesarean Section
Authors: Chun Eun Hee , Cho Sooyoung , Woo Jae Hee , Kim Youn Jin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) can be performed as either a single-space technique or a double-space technique for Cesarean section. We performed a double-blind randomized controlled study to compare the effect of the double-space technique with that of the single-space technique on the sensory block level and side effects. Methods: Parturients undergoing elective Cesarean section under regional anesthesia were randomized to receive CSEA with either the double-space technique (double group, n = 20) or single-space technique (single group, n = 20). In the double group, an epidural catheter was inserted at the L1–2 interspace, and dural puncture was performed at the L3–4 interspace. In the single group, the procedure was performed at the L3–4 interspace using the needle-through-needle technique.Results: There were no differences in time to readiness or the intraoperative level of sensory block between the two groups. The postoperative sensory level was maintained higher in the double group (postoperative 1 h, P = 0.029; postoperative 6 h, P = 0.016). There was no difference between the two groups in side effects. The parturients’ satisfaction scores at 48 h postoperative were significantly different (9.5 in the double group vs. 8 in the single group, P = 0.004).Conclusions: We conclude that there were no differences in intraoperative variables between double -space technique and single space-technique for CSEA. However, double-space CSEA may be beneficial for postoperative pain control and parturients’ satisfaction scores of for Cesarean section.Trial registration: The study was registered at https://cris.nih.go.kr under the trial ID, KCT0002514, retrospectively registered. Date of registration: October 27, 2017.
What could be the main levers to promote a timely diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders?
Authors: Garnier-Crussard Antoine , Vernaudon Julien , Auguste Nicolas , Dauphinot Virginie , Krolak-Salmon Pierre 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Neurocognitive disorders (NCD) are a growing health issue and the importance of diagnosis is still debated despite the benefits of making a diagnosis appearing to be greater than the risks. The aim of the present study was to explore the perception of the main benefits and risks to perform a diagnosis workup of NCD in a population of general practitioners (GPs), specialized physicians (SPs), other healthcare professionals (OHPs) and informal caregivers (ICs), and to identify the lowest perceived benefits and the highest perceived risks that could be levers to promote a diagnosis of NCD. Methods: A standardized questionnaire was submitted to GPs, SPs, OHPs, and ICs aiming to evaluate the importance of eight benefits and eight risks related to NCD diagnosis (selected from the literature) for four prototypical clinical cases at different stages of the disease: subjective cognitive impairment/mild NCD, major NCD at mild/moderate stage, moderate stage with behavioral and psychotic symptoms, and severe stage. Results: The lowest perceived benefits of making a NCD diagnosis were “access to medical research”, “patient’s right to know” and “initiation of symptomatic drug treatment”. The highest perceived risks of making a NCD diagnosis were “negative psychological impact for the patient”, “absence of disease-modifying treatment” and “absence of suitable institution”. Conclusions: This study highlights the lowest perceived benefits and the highest perceived risks of making a NCD diagnosis. These benefits and risks could be modified to become levers to promote a personalized diagnosis of NCD.
The change of color by whiteness indexes and its psychosocial and self-perception effects when using low vs. high concentration whitening gels: a one-year follow-up.
Authors: Estay Juan , Angel Pablo , Bersezio Cristian , Peña Manuel , Fernandéz Eduardo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Dental bleaching in traditional concentrations generates greater sensitivity, in this respect new systems of lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide for tooth whitening appeared, with color stability unknown over time. The aim of this study was to compare the change and stability of color with low-concentration (6%) hydrogen peroxide gel in an in-office bleaching setting relative to conventional 37.5% gel including their effects on psychosocial and esthetic self-perception at one year. Methods: Patients (n=25) were assessed at 12 months post bleaching treatment ( whitening with 6% activated chemo gel of alkaline formula v/s traditional concentration 37.5% ). Color changes were measured objectively using total variation in color (ΔE) and subjectively using Vita Classical and Vita Bleached scale (ΔSGU) by calibrated evaluators (Kappa=0.85). The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) aesthetic questionnaires were administered to measure self-perception and the psychosocial impact of the whitening procedure. Results: The effect (ΔE) of 37.5% HP (8.37 ± 2.73) was significantly better than that of 6% HP (5.27 ± 2.53) in terms of color rebound at one year of follow-up. There were significant differences in psychosocial impact and esthetic self-perception measurements prior to bleching versus the one-year post-whitening time points; positive effects were maintained. Conclusions: Low concentration (6%) achieved effective bleaching with good stability at one year. This was accompanied by a positive psychosocial impact and enhanced self-perception at follow-up. Trial registration: NCT03217994 Keywords: Bleaching, Randomized clinical trial, Low concentration, OHIP-14 , PIDAQ
Gingivitis Efficacy of a 0.454% w/w Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice: A 24-week randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Parkinson Charles Richard , MILLEMAN Kimberly R , MILLEMAN Jeffery L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Plaque-induced gingivitis can be prevented and treated with regular effective oral hygiene, principally via mechanical cleaning with regular toothbrushing. To complement the mechanical plaque removal, antimicrobial ingredients can be incorporated into dentifrices to inhibit the growth of plaque. This study aimed to evaluate and compare gingivitis, as measured by a modified gingival index (MGI), a bleeding index (BI), and oral hygiene, as assessed by a dental plaque index (PI), following twice daily use of an experimental non-aqueous 0.454% weight/weight (w/w) stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice, compared to a negative control dentifrice over 12 and 24 weeks.Method: This was a single-center, examiner-blinded, randomized, stratified, two-treatment arm, parallel group, 24-week clinical study in healthy adult volunteers with moderate gingivitis. At baseline, after abstaining from toothbrushing overnight, subjects underwent MGI, BI and PI assessments. Eligible subjects, who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, were stratified based on gender and baseline mean MGI score (Low ≤2.00 /High >2.00) and randomized to treatment. Following randomization, subjects underwent a thorough dental prophylaxis and flossing. After 12 and 24 weeks of twice daily brushing with their allocated treatment, subjects returned to the site (with overnight plaque, having abstained from oral hygiene procedures for 8 hrs prior to visit) for MGI, BI and PI assessments. Treatment effect was evaluated by comparing the MGI, BI and PI scores.Results: One hundred and twenty-nine subjects were screened; 98 subjects were randomized and 90 subjects completed the study. Statistically significant differences between treatments, in favour of the 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrice were observed, compared to the negative control dentifrice, for all outcome measures (MGI, BI, bleeding sites and PI at weeks 12 and 24 p<0.0001). At 24, 71% of subjects in the 0.453% SnF2 treatment group demonstrated <10% of bleeding sites.Conclusion: A dentifrice containing 0.454% w/w SnF2 was shown to be superior to a standard dentifrice in controlling gingivitis and supra-gingival plaque, over a 24-week period. Over two thirds of subjects in the 0.454% SnF2 treatment group demonstrated a level of bleeding sites potentially representative of “clinical periodontal health” following a dental prophylaxis and 24 weeks of product use.
Prospective Randomized Comparison of Distal Extension of Midline Urethral plate Incision and Standard Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty – Do Anatomical Penile Measurements Influence the Outcomes?
Authors: Adl Ahmed Mahmoud Al , Noureldin Yasser A , Aal Ashraf Mohamed Abdel , Gharib Tarek Mohamed , Attar Kareem Ali El , Karamany Tarek Mohamed El 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Since invention of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty, many modifications have been proposed searching for excellence and perfection. Distal extension of the midline urethral plate incision beyond glanular demarcation as a modification of the standard technique was critically evaluated and compared with the original technique in a prospective study and investigating predictors of success. Methods: In this prospective study, patients with primary distal hypospadias presented for repair between June 2015 and January 2019 were randomized to undergo either extended midline incision of the urethral plate (e-TIP) or standard technique (s-TIP). Cosmetic outcome was evaluated postoperatively using Hypospadias Objective Penile Evaluation (HOPE) score and measuring ventral glans closure length (VGCL) and meatal length (ML). The functional outcome was assessed by uroflowmetry and postvoid residual urine. Qmax and Qave values were plotted against voided volume on a nomogram of age matched children. The impact of preoperative parameters on the outcomes were assessed with linear regression analysis. Results: Out of 110 randomized, 94 cases were available for analysis, 46 in e-TIP group and 48 cases in s-TIP group with comparable preoperative demographics. Postoperatively, higher median (range) of HOPE score in e-TIP was 57(45–60) versus 55(44–60) in s-TIP (p <0.001). Mean (SD) ventral glans closure to meatal length ratio was 87% (26) versus 46% (12) in e-TIP vs. s-TIP, respectively (p<0.001). Complications and functional results were insignificantly different between both groups. On linear regression analysis, the urethral plate (UP) width and the use of e-TIP technique were significant predictors of better cosmetic outcome (p=0.019 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The e-TIP ensures creation of a vertical slit-like meatus at the glans tip emulating the normal anatomy with satisfactory functional, and apparently better cosmetic outcomes compared with the s-TIP. Wide urethral plate and the use of e-TIP were significant predictors of higher HOPE score, implying better cosmetic outcome.
Seasonal variability of stable isotopes in the Changjiang (Yangtze) river water and its implications: natural climate and anthropogenic impacts
Authors: Li Chao , Lian Ergang , Yang Chengfan , Deng Kai , Qian Peng , Xiao Shangbin , Liu Zhongfang , Yang Shouye 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Seasonal variations of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in river water can be used to indicate hydrological processes and the water cycle in the river basin. This study presents a high-resolution time series of stable oxygen isotopic record (δ 18 O) in the lower Changjiang (Yangtze) River mainstream and aims to investigate the regional water cycle concerning natural climate changes and anthropogenic activities.Results The river water δ 18 O shows apparent seasonal variations, which in overall higher during the dry season and lower during the flood season. This basin-scale seasonal variation of δ 18 O in precipitation over the Changjiang catchment is calculated based on the long-term meteorological and hydrological data. The seasonal variation of δ 18 O in the lower Changjiang river water is largely constrained by monsoon-induced precipitation, but are more directly controlled by the mixing of waters from the upper reaches and the tributary lakes in the middle valley.Conclusions The relative contributions of waters from the upstream and tributary lakes to the lower Changjiang mainstream have been considerably altered by the construction of Three Gorges Dam via the regulation of river discharges. A comparison of river water isotopic records with water discharges from the lakes suggests that it takes about two weeks (~17 days) for the Changjiang river water to circumvent the mid-lower reaches of the catchment before traveling to the sea. This study suggests that the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes can be harnessed as sensitive indicators for water cycling within a large catchment that is driven primarily by natural forcing though subject to substantial human impacts.