bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Workplace Climate on Burnout Among Critical Care Nurses in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Swamy Lakshmana , Mohr David , Blok Amanda , Anderson Ekaterina , Charns Martin , Wiener Renda Soylemez , Rinne Seppo 
Published: September 2020

Background
Burnout is a maladaptive response to work-related stress that is associated with negative consequences for patients, clinicians, and the health care system. Critical care nurses are at especially high risk for burnout. Previous studies of burnout have used survey methods that simultaneously measure risk factors and outcomes of burnout, potentially introducing common method bias.

Objectives
To evaluate the frequency of burnout and individual and organizational characteristics associated with burnout among critical care nurses across a national integrated health care system using data from an annual survey and methods that avoid common method bias.

Methods
A 2017 survey of 2352 critical care nurses from 94 sites. Site-level workplace climate was assessed using 2016 survey data from 2191 critical care nurses.

Results
Overall, one-third of nurses reported burnout, which varied significantly across sites. In multilevel analysis, workplace climate was the strongest predictor of burnout (odds ratio [OR], 2.20; 95% CI, 1.50-3.22). Other significant variables were overall hospital quality (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.05-1.99), urban location (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.09-3.42), and nurse tenure (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.44-3.10). In secondary multivariable analyses, workplace climate subthemes of perceptions of workload and staffing, supervisors and senior leadership, culture of teamwork, and patient experience were each significantly associated with burnout.

Conclusions
Drivers of burnout are varied, yet interventions frequently target only the individual. Results of this study suggest that in efforts to reduce burnout, emphasis should be placed on improving local workplace climate.
Surface-circulation change in the southwest Pacific Ocean across the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum: inferences from dinoflagellate cysts and biomarker paleothermometry
Authors: Cramwinckel Marlow Julius , Woelders Lineke , Huurdeman Emiel P. , Peterse Francien , Gallagher Stephen J. , Pross Jörg , Burgess Catherine E. , Reichart Gert-Jan , Sluijs Appy , Bijl Peter K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Global climate cooled from the early Eocene hothouse (∼52–50 Ma) to the latest Eocene (∼34 Ma). At the same time, the tectonic evolution of the Southern Ocean was characterized by the opening and deepening of circum-Antarctic gateways, which affected both surface- and deep-ocean circulation. The Tasmanian Gateway played a key role in regulating ocean throughflow between Australia and Antarctica. Southern Ocean surface currents through and around the Tasmanian Gateway have left recognizable tracers in the spatiotemporal distribution of plankton fossils, including organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts. This spatiotemporal distribution depends on both the physicochemical properties of the water masses and the path of surface-ocean currents. The extent to which climate and tectonics have influenced the distribution and composition of surface currents and thus fossil assemblages has, however, remained unclear. In particular, the contribution of climate change to oceanographic changes, superimposed on long-term and gradual changes induced by tectonics, is still poorly understood. To disentangle the effects of tectonism and climate in the southwest Pacific Ocean, we target a climatic deviation from the long-term Eocene cooling trend: the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO; ∼40 Ma). This 500 kyr phase of global warming was unrelated to regional tectonism, and thus provides a test case to investigate the ocean's physicochemical response to climate change alone. We reconstruct changes in surface-water circulation and temperature in and around the Tasmanian Gateway during the MECO through new palynological and organic geochemical records from the central Tasmanian Gateway (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1170), the Otway Basin (southeastern Australia), and the Hampden Beach section (New Zealand). Our results confirm that dinocyst communities track specific surface-ocean currents, yet the variability within the communities can be driven by superimposed temperature change. Together with published results from the east of the Tasmanian Gateway, our new results suggest a shift in surface-ocean circulation during the peak of MECO warmth. Simultaneous with high sea-surface temperatures in the Tasmanian Gateway area, pollen assemblages indicate warm temperate rainforests with paratropical elements along the southeastern margin of Australia. Finally, based on new age constraints, we suggest that a regional southeast Australian transgression might have been coincident with the MECO.
The Nature of Comparison: Macunaíma and Orlando
Authors: Paris Václav 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Dominant modes for comparing modernist literatures do so by coordinating individual texts against a larger narrative of modernity conceived as economic or political globalization. This article proposes an alternative premise for comparison. Instead of focusing on development, it considers the ways in which different national modernisms registered a changing modernity in terms of nature and natural history. This switch is demanded by two texts that bear a number of thematic and conceptual similarities and were published months apart in 1928: Mário de Andrade's Macunaíma and Virginia Woolf's Orlando. Both works rethink Darwinism's import for national representation by adapting the genre of the national romance or prose epic. They come to offer a sense of nations as living or organic in queer and unexpected ways. Tracing this process in relation also to the context of rising fascism, the article sheds light on modernist views of nature and their heuristic value as a basis for comparison.
Review of the scorpionfly genus Dicerapanorpa Zhong & Hua (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Hu Gui-Lin , Hua Bao-Zhen 
Published: September 2020

The current knowledge of the scorpionfly genus Dicerapanorpa Zhong & Hua, 2013 is taxonomically reviewed. Two new species of Dicerapanorpa are described and illustrated, increasing the species number of this genus to 20. Dicerapanorpa bifurcata sp. nov. from the Minshan Mountains, Sichuan Province, is characterized by the absence of the paramere basal branch and the elongated mesal branch in males, and the medigynium having a short basal stalk in females. Dicerapanorpa zhengkuni sp. nov. from the Wuling and Miaoling Mountains, Guizhou Province, is distinguishable by the greatly elongated hypovalves, the very short basal branch of the paramere, and the dorsomedially curved lateral branch in males, and the rounded main plate of the medigynium in females. An updated key to species of Dicerapanorpa is presented.
Qualidade do carvão vegetal submetido a diferentes taxas de resfriamento com trocador de calor
Authors: Gomes Arthur Freitas , Prereira Emanuele Graciosa , Santos Ivanildo Da Silva dos , Carneiro Angélica De Cássia Oliveira , Martins Marcio Arêdes 
Published: September 2020

O carvão vegetal é um importante insumo na siderurgia nacional e seu uso tem muitas vantagens sobre o carvão mineral e o coque, uma vez que é renovável, menos poluente e com baixos teores de enxofre e fósforo. A partir disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho do resfriamento artificial do carvão vegetal em forno retangular. Para isso, foi avaliada a influência da variação da velocidade do escoamento de gás pelo leito poroso de carvão na qualidade final do produto. Foram utilizadas quatro velocidades de escoamento, em 3 repetições, totalizando 12 ensaios de carbonizações da madeira em um forno retangular. O uso do trocador de calor proporcionou redução no tempo de resfriamento de 76 para 28 horas. A maior redução no tempo de resfriamento foi obtida com a menor velocidade de escoamento. Nas maiores velocidades ocorreu queima de uma parte do carvão na seção de saída dos gases do forno, o que provocou aumento no tempo de resfriamento. No entanto, verificou-se que essas queimas parciais não causaram diferença significativa no rendimento gravimétrico em relação à testemunha. Para as velocidades adotadas, verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos e a testemunha nos parâmetros de qualidade do carvão. Portanto, no dimensionamento de trocadores de calor, deve-se considerar a diferença de pressão entre as aberturas de sucção e injeção dos gases no forno para minimizar a infiltração de ar no forno.
Knowledge and Awareness on Personalized Medicine amongst Health Care Specialists and University Students in Health Colleges in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Alrawili Abdulrahman S. , Alkhawaja Faisal Z. 
Published: September 2020

Aim: There are a few studies about the populations' knowledge and perceptions on personalized medicine in Saudi Arabia until now. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and awareness on personalized medicine amongst health care specialists and university students in health colleges in Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study that include a survey targeting health care specialists. The survey translated to Arabic and after validation, it was converted to an online survey using google forms.
Results: About 52.34% of the participants have heard about different terms regarding personalized medicine (personalized medicine, healthcare reform, individualized care and pharmacogenomics). Most of the health care specialists in the present study said that they have poor knowledge about personalized medicine (68.75%). Most of the participants in the present study were interested to learn about personalized medicine and showed a positive attitude about it.
Conclusion: The present study found that health care specialists had a poor knowledge about personalized medicine but they are interested to learn more about this field. Therefore, more training and awareness programs about personalized medicine are needed to facilitate its introduction in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, more focus on this field should be introduced into the health colleges’ curricula.
Internalisation and toxicity of amyloid‐β 1‐42 are influenced by its conformation and assembly state rather than size
Authors: Vadukul Devkee M. , Maina Mahmoud , Franklin Hannah , Nardecchia Astrid , Serpell Louise C. , Marshall Karen E. 
Published: September 2020

Amyloid fibrils found in plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains are composed of amyloid‐β peptides. Oligomeric amyloid‐β 1‐42 (Aβ42) is thought to play a critical role in neurodegeneration in AD. Here, we determine how size and conformation affect neurotoxicity and internalisation of Aβ42 assemblies using biophysical methods, immunoblotting, toxicity assays and live‐cell imaging. We report significant cytotoxicity of Aβ42 oligomers and their internalisation into neurons. In contrast, Aβ42 fibrils show reduced internalisation and no toxicity. Sonicating Aβ42 fibrils generates species similar in size to oligomers but remains nontoxic. The results suggest that Aβ42 oligomers have unique properties that underlie their neurotoxic potential. Furthermore, we show that incubating cells with Aβ42 oligomers for 24 h is sufficient to trigger irreversible neurotoxicity.
Lattice‐Strain Engineering of Homogeneous NiS0.5Se0.5 Core–Shell Nanostructure as a Highly Efficient and Robust Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Xiaopeng , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhou Yuanguang , Rao Dewei , Zhong Cheng , Zhang Jinfeng , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin , Zhang Yucang , Zaghib Karim , Wang Yuesheng , Deng Yida 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeveloping highly‐efficient non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts for water splitting is crucial for the development of clean and reversible hydrogen energy. Introducing lattice strain is an effective strategy to develop efficient electrocatalysts. However, lattice strain is typically co‐created with heterostructure, vacancy, or substrate effects, which complicate the identification of the strain‐activity correlation. Herein, a series of lattice‐strained homogeneous NiSxSe1−x nanosheets@nanorods hybrids are designed and synthesized by a facile strategy. The NiS0.5Se0.5 with ≈2.7% lattice strain exhibits outstanding activity for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER), affording low overpotentials of 70 and 257 mV at 10 mA cm−2, respectively, as well as excellent long‐term durability even at a large current density of 100 mA cm−2 (300 h), significantly superior to other benchmarks and the precious metal catalysts. Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the generated lattice strain decreases the metal d‐orbital overlap, leading to a narrower bandwidth and a closer d‐band center toward the Fermi level. Thus, NiS0.5Se0.5 possesses favorable H* adsorption kinetics for HER and lower energy barriers for OER. This work provides a new insight to regulate the lattice strain of advanced catalyst materials and further improve the performance of energy conversion technologies.
High‐dose dexamethasone plus recombinant human thrombopoietin vs high‐dose dexamethasone alone as frontline treatment for newly diagnosed adult primary immune thrombocytopenia: A prospective, multicenter, randomized trial
Authors: Yu Yafei , Wang Miaomiao , Hou Yu , Qin Ping , Zeng Qingshu , Yu Wenzheng , Guo Xinhong , Wang Jingxia , Wang Xiaomin , Liu Guoqiang , Chu Xiaoxia , Yang Lan , Feng Ying , Zhou Fang , Sun Zhaogang , Zhang Mei , Wang Xin , Wang Zhencheng , Ran Xuehong , Zhao Hongguo , Wang Lei , Zhang Haiyan , Bi Kehong , Li Daqi , Yuan Chenglu , Xu Ruirong , Wang Yili , Zhou Yuhong , Peng Jun , Liu Xin‐guang , Hou Ming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial to compare the efficacy and safety of high‐dose dexamethasone (HD‐DXM) plus recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO), vs HD‐DXM alone in newly diagnosed adult immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to receive DXM plus rhTPO or DXM monotherapy. Another 4‐day course of DXM was repeated if response was not achieved by day 10 in both arms. One hundred patients in the HD‐DXM plus rhTPO arm and 96 patients in the HD‐DXM monotherapy arm were included in the full analysis set. So, HD‐DXM plus rhTPO resulted in a higher incidence of initial response (89.0% vs 66.7%, P < .001) and complete response (CR, 75.0% vs 42.7%, P < .001) compared with HD‐DXM monotherapy. Response rate at 6 months was also higher in the HD‐DXM plus rhTPO arm than that in the HD‐DXM monotherapy arm (51.0% vs 36.5%, P = .02; sustained CR: 46.0% vs 32.3%, P = .043). Throughout the follow‐up period, the overall duration of response was greater in the HD‐DXM plus rhTPO arm compared to the HD‐DXM monotherapy arm (P = .04), as estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier analysis. The study drugs were generally well tolerated. In conclusion, the combination of HD‐DXM with rhTPO significantly improved the initial response and yielded favorable SR in newly diagnosed ITP patients, thus could be further validated as a frontline treatment for ITP. This study is registered as clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01734044.
Cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis are associated with respiratory infections in a contemporary mortality sample from New Mexico
Authors: O'Donnell Lexi , Hill Ethan C. , Anderson Amy S. Anderson , Edgar Heather J. H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesCribra orbitalia (CO) and porotic hyperostosis (PH) are porous cranial lesions (PCLs) classically associated with iron‐deficiency anemia in bioarchaeological contexts. However, recent studies indicate a need to reassess the interpretation of PCLs. This study addresses the potential health correlates of PCLs in a contemporary sample by examining relationships between the known cause of death (COD) and PCL presence/absence.MethodsThis study includes a sample of 461 juvenile individuals (6 months to 15 years of age) who underwent examination at the University of New Mexico's Office of the Medical Investigator between 2011 and 2019. The information available for each individual includes their sex, age at death, and their COD and manner of death.ResultsOdds ratio of having CO (OR = 3.92,p< .01) or PH (OR = 2.86,p= .02) lesions are increased in individuals with respiratory infections. Individuals with heart conditions have increased odds of having CO (OR = 3.52,p= .03) lesions, but not PH.ConclusionIndividuals with respiratory infection are more likely to have CO and/or PH. CO appears to have a greater range of health correlates than PH does, as indicated by the heart condition results. However, individuals with congenital heart defects are at higher risk for respiratory infections, so bony alterations in cases of heart conditions may be due to respiratory illness. Since respiratory infection remains a leading cause of mortality today, CO and PH in bioarchaeological contexts should be considered as potential indicators of respiratory infections in the past.
Single‐Carbon‐Fiber‐Powered Microsensor for In Vivo Neurochemical Sensing with High Neuronal Compatibility
Authors: Yu Ping , Wei Huan , Zhong Peipei , Xue Yifei , Wu Fei , Liu Yang , Fei Junjie , Mao Lanqun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of new principles and techniques with high neuronal compatibility for quantitatively monitoring the dynamics of neurochemicals is essential for deciphering brain chemistry and function but remains a great challenge. We herein report a neuron‐compatible method for in vivo neurochemical sensing by powering a single carbon fiber through spontaneous bipolar electrochemistry as a new sensing platform. By using ascorbic acid as a model target to prove the concept, we found that the single‐carbon‐fiber‐powered microsensor exhibited a good response, high stability and, more importantly, excellent neuronal compatibility. The microsensor was also highly compatible with electrophysiological recording, thus enabling the synchronous recording of both chemical and electrical signals. The sensing principle could be developed for in vivo monitoring of various neurochemicals in the future by rationally designing and tuning the electrochemical reactions at the two poles of the carbon fiber.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of the anti‐COVID‐19 Drug Remdesivir
Authors: Wang Mo , Zhang Lu , Huo Xiaohong , Zhang Zhenfeng , Yuan Qianjia , Li Panpan , Chen Jianzhong , Zou Yashi , Wu Zhengxing , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe catalytic asymmetric synthesis of the anti‐COVID‐19 drug Remdesivir has been realized by the coupling of the P‐racemic phosphoryl chloride with protected nucleoside GS441524. The chiral bicyclic imidazole catalyst used is crucial for the dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DyKAT) to proceed smoothly with high reactivity and excellent stereoselectivity (96 % conv., 22:1 SP:RP). Mechanistic studies showed that this DyKAT is a first‐order visual kinetic reaction dependent on the catalyst concentration. The unique chiral bicyclic imidazole skeleton and carbamate substituent of the catalyst are both required for the racemization process, involving the phosphoryl chloride, and subsequent stereodiscriminating step. A 10 gram scale reaction was also conducted with comparably excellent results, showing its potential for industrial application.
Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Volatile Pyrazines Components of Defatted Flaxseed Meal in the Maillard Reaction System
Authors: Li Lin , Wang Lin , Liu Jiang , Yang Jiawei , Wu Wenxia , Zhang Bo , Liu Wenyu , Wei Changqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDefatted flaxseed meal, as a high‐protein by‐product can be used as a good raw material for the Maillard reaction (MR). A MR model system was established using glucose, fructose, and glucose/fructose (1:1) to produce volatile compounds typically obtained from defatted flaxseed meal protein hydrolysate; these compounds were analyzed using head‐space solid phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) coupled with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC–MS). From the 12 MR model reaction groups, the production of pyrazines was between 12.76% and 26.56%. In the 1G group (the group prepared using DH1 = 7.87% with a glucose concentration of 10%), the amount of pyrazines generated reached 26.56%, and this was higher than that of the other 11 model reaction groups. The effect of reaction temperature (100–150 °C), reaction time (10–60 min), and sugar concentration (5–30%) on pyrazine content was determined using the 1G group. The results of this study indicated that the effect of temperature on pyrazine production was higher than that exerted by reaction time and glucose addition. The pyrazine content reached the maximum at a reaction temperature of 140 °C. The degree of reaction and pH value were also determined; the results demonstrated that accumulation of pyrazines was suboptimal when the pH of the system was dramatically decreased. For the overall reaction, the pyrazine content remained similar to that of the final products; however, the pyrazine content exhibited little correlation with the intermediate products in the MR.
Microwave‐Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) with Stable Superhydrophobicity for Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Chen Li , Du Jingcheng , Zhou Wei , Shen Huizhen , Tan Luxi , Zhou Cailong , Dong Lichun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCOFs were synthesized by a microwave‐assisted solvothermal route, with the building blocks containing 1,3,5‐tris(4‐aminophenyl) benzene and 2,3,5,6‐tetra‐fluoroterephthalaldehyde (or 1,4‐phthalaldehyde). The −F groups introduced into the benzene ring promoted hydrophobicity and stability of the COFs. The universality and long effectiveness of oil adsorption can be realized when applying COFs as adsorbent. The powder also exhibited excellent water‐in‐oil emulsions separation performance, with the separation efficiency no lower than 99.5%. In this work, the use of microwave solvothermal synthesis of superhydrophobic COFs is potential to replace the conventional synthesis process and more suitable for industrial scale‐up production. Furthermore, the findings provide a new strategy for solving the problem of oil spill treatment and industrial water‐in‐oil emulsions separation by using the emerging 2D COFs.