bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical variation in malignant and benign/borderline brain and CNS tumor incidence: a comparison between a high-income and a middle-income country
Authors: Wanner Miriam , Rohrmann Sabine , Korol Dimitri , Shenglia Nino , Gigineishvili Teimuraz , Gigineishvili David 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
There is large variability in reported incidence rates of primary brain/CNS tumors across the world, with mostly higher rates in higher-income countries. The aim was to compare malignant and benign brain/CNS tumor incidence between Zurich (Switzerland), a high-income country, and Georgia, a lower middle-income country.

Methods
For the period March 2009 to February 2012, we extracted the following tumors based on topography according to ICD-O3: C70.0–C72.9, and C75.1 (pituitary gland). Data were categorized into histology groups based on the WHO 2007 histological classification. Age-standardized rates per 100,000 person-years were calculated by subgroups.

Results
We included 1104 and 1476 cases of primary brain/CNS tumors for Zurich and Georgia, respectively. Mean age of patients was significantly lower in Georgia compared to Zurich (50.0 versus 58.3 years). Overall age-standardized incidence rates for malignant and benign brain/CNS tumors were 10.5 (95% CI 9.9–11.0) for Georgia and 23.3 (95% CI 21.9–24.7) for Zurich with a ratio of benign to malignant tumors of 1.656 for Georgia and 1.946 for Zurich. The most frequent histology types were meningiomas in both regions, followed by glioblastomas in Zurich, but pituitary tumors in Georgia.

Conclusion
Age-adjusted incidence rates of brain/CNS tumors were considerably higher in Zurich compared to Georgia, both for benign and malignant tumors, which is in line with other studies reporting higher rates in high-income than in low- and middle-income countries. The frequency distribution may be related to differences in diagnosing techniques and the population age structure.
Quality of life and distress assessed with self and external assessment screening tools in patients with hematologic malignancies attending treatment in an acute hospital
Authors: Senf Bianca , Grabowski Kirsten , Spielmann Natascha , Fettel Jens 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In this study, we examined distress levels and quality of life (QoL) of patients with hematologic malignancies under treatment in an acute setting. We used external- and self-assessment instruments for distress. Additionally, we investigated the relation between distress and QoL as well as whether highly distressed patients differed from less distressed patients concerning their QoL.

Methods
A cross-sectional study with patients of the Medical Clinic II of the University Hospital Frankfurt was conducted. One hundred and nine patients were assessed with an expert rating scale and completed self-report questionnaires. Data were exploratively analyzed and group comparisons between patients who scored above the cut-off of the respective screening instruments and those who did not were conducted.

Results
Patients with hematologic malignancies experience high levels of distress and low QoL. Especially, role and social functioning are affected. Patients suffer most from fatigue, appetite loss, and insomnia. Using established cut-offs, all screening instruments were able to differentiate between patients regarding distress and QoL. Patients scoring above the cut-off were significantly more distressed and had a lower QoL. There was a medium-to-strong correlation between distress and QoL indicators.

Conclusion
Cancer-specific screening instruments seem to be able to identify treatment needs more specifically. They also allowed a better differentiation concerning QoL. The close link between distress and QoL needs to be recognized to enable a holistic approach to treatment and thereby optimize the quality of treatment.
Referring Phrases with Deictic Indication and the Issue of Comprehensibility of Texts of Normative Acts: The Case of Polish Codes
Authors: Kłodawski Maciej 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe paper focuses on a specific type of referring legal provisions, in which the referring phrase contains a component that indicates the position of a certain fragment of the same text of a normative act by determining the position of that fragment in relation to the fragment in which the given referring phrase is located. Despite the fact that these referrals, called deictic, may be perceived as uncomplicated in structure and as functioning correctly in legal texts, many theoretical as well as practical problems arise during their drafting and legal interpretation. The article attempts to reveal, organize and name these problems basing on the conceptual grid formulated by Studnicki, Łachwa, Fall and Stabrawa as a universal, although not widely known outside Polish jurisprudence, tool for analysing and solving referring provisions as elements of various legal systems, especially continental ones. Texts of selected Polish Codes have been chosen as an illustrative material of deictic referrals which have been incorrectly formulated as leaving space for interpretative doubts in terms of place of indication (demonstratum) and place of reference (referent), which also causes a potential problem of the deferred ostension phenomenon noticed by Quine. The author argues that proper drafting of referring legal provisions with deictic indication requires that the legislator should have extensive pragmalinguistic knowledge and is an essential part of law-making oriented towards achieving comprehensibility of texts of normative acts, especially as important as Codes.
Treacherous Elasticity, Callous Boundaries: Aspiring Volunteer Initiatives in the Field of Refugee Support in Rotterdam
Authors: van der Veer Lieke 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis contribution focuses on volunteer initiatives that seek to assist refugee status holders in Rotterdam. It studies initiatives that are still in the process of fine-tuning their focus, grappling for funds, searching for volunteers, and seeking collaborations. The article lays bare the inequalities that such aspiring initiatives can be premised on and produce. In analyzing moments in which the label of ‘volunteer’ is rejected—or instead celebrated or transformed—this article demonstrates that the elastic representation of volunteering clashes with callous boundaries between ‘being only a volunteer’ and ‘doing something together.’ These boundaries are heartfelt by the organizers of these aspiring initiatives, who often have a refugee background themselves. By understanding inequality in volunteering in relation to debates about active citizenship, this article seeks to examine the workings of the glass ceiling that hinders the organizers of volunteer initiatives to transition into a position they consider more credible and professional.
Towards an integral perspective on leveraging sustainability transformations using the theory of modal aspects
Authors: Wigboldus S. , Jochemsen H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEngaging appropriately with sustainability transformations requires adopting an integral perspective on related system dynamics. This view underpins the sustainable development goals. Informing policy and decision making from a consistently integral perspective, however, remains a key challenge. To some extent, the leverage points approach has proved useful in doing so in terms of providing an encompassing view on related options for intervening in systems. There are, however, a number of points in which it needs to be complemented by other approaches to better address the need for an integral perspective on sustainability transformations as well as to better address the need for being able to articulate normative perspectives on transformation processes and outcomes. We argue that the theory of modal aspects is a good candidate for doing so. To illustrate its potential, we explore its characteristics, we illustrate its application opportunities in the analysis of sustainability in food systems transitions, we systematically compare leverage points and modal aspects, and close with an exploration of ways in which the leverage points approach and theory of modal aspects can be considered complementary perspectives. The authors conclude that the theory of modal aspects offers opportunities for enriching both the leverage points approach and wider approaches in sustainability transformations by offering a consistently integral perspective across scale levels, and by offering a number of ways of engaging with normativity in related processes without resorting to fixed political views. This articulates its potential for playing a useful role in related multi-stakeholder processes and sustainability governance.
Magnetic Effects on Microstructure and Solute Plume Dynamics of Directionally Solidifying Ga-In Alloy
Authors: Kao Andrew , Shevchenko Natalia , He Shengya , Lee Peter D. , Eckert Sven , Pericleous Koulis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effects of applying a 0.2-T transverse magnetic field on a solidifying Ga-25 wt%In alloy have been investigated through a joint experimental and numerical study. The magnetic field introduced significant changes to both the microstructure and the dynamics of escaping high-concentration Ga plumes. Plume migration across the interface was quantified and correlated to simulations to demonstrate that thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamics (TEMHD) is the underlying mechanism. TEMHD introduced macrosegregation within the dendritic structure, leading to the formation of a stable “chimney” channel by increasing the solutal buoyancy in the flow direction. The resulting pressure difference across the solidification front introduced a secondary hydrodynamic phenomenon that subsequently caused solute plume migration.
Instrumental Robots
Authors: Köhler Sebastian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdvances in artificial intelligence research allow us to build fairly sophisticated agents: robots and computer programs capable of acting and deciding on their own (in some sense). These systems raise questions about who is responsible when something goes wrong—when such systems harm or kill humans. In a recent paper, Sven Nyholm has suggested that, because current AI will likely possess what we might call “supervised agency”, the theory of responsibility for individual agency is the wrong place to look for an answer to the question of responsibility. Instead, or so argues Nyholm, because supervised agency is a form of collaborative agency—of acting together—the right place to look is the theory of collaborative responsibility—responsibility in cases of acting together. This paper concedes that current AI will possess supervised agency, but argues that it is nevertheless wrong to think of the relevant human-AI interactions as a form of collaborative agency and, hence, that responsibility in cases of collaborative agency is not the right place to look for the responsibility-grounding relation in human-AI interactions. It also suggests that the right place to look for this responsibility-grounding relation in human-AI interactions is the use of certain sorts of agents as instruments.
Discontinuation of metformin to prevent metformin-induced high colonic FDG uptake: is 48 h sufficient?
Authors: Schreuder Nanno , Klarenbeek Hedwig , Vendel Brian N. , Jager Pieter L. , Kosterink Jos G. W. , van Puijenbroek Eugène P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
In this retrospective, single-center observational study, we investigated whether discontinuing metformin for at least 48 h prevents metformin-induced [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in all segments of the colon.

Methods
Patients with type 2 diabetes who were using metformin before undergoing an FDG PET/CT scan were included. Two groups were created: patients who discontinued metformin for less than 48 h (< 48 h group) and patients who discontinued metformin for between 48 and 72 h (≥ 48 h group). A control group comprised non-diabetic patients who were not using metformin before undergoing an FDG PET/CT. We visually scored the uptake of FDG in four segments of the colon—the ascendens, transversum, descendens, and rectosigmoid—using a four-point scale (1–4) and considered scores of 3 or 4 to be clinically significant.

Results
Colonic FDG uptake in the ≥ 48 h group (n = 23) was higher than uptake in the control group (n = 96) in the colon descendens [odds ratio (OR) 14.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.8–40.9; p value: 0.001] and rectosigmoid (OR 11.3; 95% CI 4.0–31.9; p value: 0.001), and there was no difference in the colon ascendens and transversum. Colonic FDG uptake in the < 48 h group (n = 25) was higher than uptake in the ≥ 48 h group (n = 23) in the colon transversum (OR 4.8; 95% CI 1.3–18.5; p value: 0.022) and rectosigmoid (p value: 0.023), and there was no difference in the colon ascendens and descendens.

Conclusions
Discontinuing metformin for 48 h before undergoing an FDG PET/CT still gives a high uptake in the distal parts of the colon when compared with non-diabetic patients who are not using metformin. Discontinuing metformin for 48 h seems to be useful for scanning the more proximal segments of the colon.
Vascular peroxidase 1 is independently associated with worse kidney function in patients with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Costas Lavinia , Herz Carsten Thilo , Höbaus Clemens , Koppensteiner Renate , Schernthaner Gerit-Holger 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Oxidative stress is involved in cardiovascular disease such as peripheral artery disease (PAD). Vascular Peroxidase 1 (VPO1), a novel heme-containing peroxidase mainly expressed in the cardiovascular system, aggravates oxidative stress. Evidence in humans is limited. Current work aims to measure VPO1 in patients suffering from PAD, and to evaluate the association of VPO1 with conventional markers of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), including the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria categories.

Methods
This study is part of a longitudinal observational study. At baseline, 236 PAD-patients were included. VPO1 plasma levels (ng/mL) were measured by commercially available ELISA kits. A two-sided p level of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
In the cross-sectional analysis (n = 236), VPO1 associated with ageing (p = 0.035) as well as with eGFR and albuminuria category, the markers of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-progression (p = 0.042). The longitudinal 18-months follow-up analysis (n = 152) demonstrated that baseline VPO1 predicts rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) (n = 49), defined as more than − 3 mL/min/1.73m2 eGFR loss per year, (OR per one SD VPO1 1.60 (1.11–2.30); p = 0.009). This association between VPO1 and kidney function withstood the multivariable adjustment for traditional CVRF including baseline eGFR and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), (adjOR per one SD VPO1 1.73 (1.14–2.61); p = 0.046).

Conclusion
This study is first to reveal that VPO1 is independently associated with declining kidney function in patients with PAD. VPO1 shows a tighter association to kidney function than to other CVRF. This finding points to VPO1 as a potential target protein to assess CKD-progression.
Effective Surface Treatment for High-Performance Inverted CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency of 15.92%
Authors: Fu Sheng , Li Xiaodong , Wan Li , Zhang Wenxiao , Song Weijie , Fang Junfeng 
Published: August 2020

Highlights

A simple and multifunctional surface treatment strategy is proposed to address the inferior-performance inverted CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

The induced-ions exchange can align energy levels, passivate both GBs and surface, and gift the solid protection from external erosions.

The inverted CsPbI2Br PSCs reveal a champion efficiency of 15.92% and superior stability after moisture, operational, and thermal ages.

Abstract
Developing high-efficiency and stable inverted CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells is vitally urgent for their unique advantages of removing adverse dopants and compatible process with tandem cells in comparison with the regular. However, relatively low opening circuit voltage (Voc) and limited moisture stability have lagged their progress far from the regular. Here, we propose an effective surface treatment strategy with high-temperature FABr treatment to address these issues. The induced ions exchange can not only adjust energy level, but also gift effective passivation. Meanwhile, the gradient distribution of FA+ can accelerate the carriers transport to further suppress bulk recombination. Besides, the Br-rich surface and FA+ substitution can isolate moisture erosions. As a result, the optimized devices show champion efficiency of 15.92% with Voc of 1.223 V. In addition, the tolerance of humidity and operation get significant promotion: maintaining 91.7% efficiency after aged at RH 20% ambient condition for 1300 h and 81.8% via maximum power point tracking at 45 °C for 500 h in N2. Furthermore, the unpackaged devices realize the rare reported air operational stability and, respectively, remain almost efficiency (98.9%) after operated under RH 35% for 600 min and 91.2% under RH 50% for 300 min.

Graphic Abstract
The Biological Significance of Multi-Copy Regions and Their Impact on Variant Discovery
Authors: Sun Jing , Zhang Yanfang , Wang Minhui , Guan Qian , Yang Xiujia , Ou Jin Xia , Yan Mingchen , Wang Chengrui , Zhang Yan , Li Zhi-Hao , Lan Chunhong , Mao Chen , Zhou Hong-Wei , Hao Bingtao , Zhang Zhenhai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Identification of genetic variants via high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies has been essential for both fundamental and clinical studies. However, to what extent the genome sequence composition affects variant calling remains unclear. In this study, we identified 63,897 multi-copy sequences (MCSs) with a minimum length of 300 bp, each of which occurs at least twice in the human genome. The 151,749 genomic loci (multi-copy regions, or MCRs) harboring these MCSs account for 1.98% of the genome and are distributed unevenly across chromosomes. MCRs containing the same MCS tend to be located on the same chromosome. Gene Ontology (GO) analyses revealed that 3800 genes whose UTRs or exons overlap with MCRs are enriched for Golgi-related cellular component terms and various enzymatic activities in the GO biological function category. MCRs are also enriched for loci that are sensitive to neocarzinostatin-induced double-strand breaks. Moreover, genetic variants discovered by genome-wide association studies and recorded in dbSNP are significantly underrepresented in MCRs. Using simulated HTS datasets, we show that false variant discovery rates are significantly higher in MCRs than in other genomic regions. These results suggest that extra caution must be taken when identifying genetic variants in the MCRs via HTS technologies.
Why organisational readiness is vital in the fight against insider threats
Authors: Rodbert Mark 
Published: August 2020

A chain is only as strong as its weakest link. It's a well-known phrase, but one that rings particularly true when considering a business's cyber security. In Securonix's 2019 Insider Threat Survey Report, 73% of organisations confirmed that insider attacks are becoming more frequent, and 59% said they think that privileged IT users pose the biggest insider security risk to organisations. 1 Insider threat is on the rise, and it's time for more companies to become aware of the risk they face and prepare correctly. The insider threat is on the rise, and it's time for more companies to become aware of the risk they face and prepare correctly. Organisational readiness is a factor that too many overlook in their pursuit of complete security. The right foundations need to be set before any business can produce a top-drawer security system. Once employees understand the importance of their role in protecting their company and buy into a secure culture, businesses can expect to reap the full benefits of the technology they're installing, argues Mark Rodbert of Idax Identity Analytics.
Zoombombing – the end-to-end fallacy
Authors: Secara Ion-Alexandru 
Published: August 2020

Zoombombing, a trend in recent months, has quickly moved from online classroom pranks to organised disruption efforts, which the FBI has threatened to punish with jail time. “The FBI has received multiple reports of conferences being disrupted by pornographic and/or hate images and threatening language.” the agency stated in a recent press release. 1 Zoombombing has quickly moved from online prank to organised disruption effort, which the FBI has threatened to punish with jail time. As the use of Zoom has increased dramatically due to the Covid-19 pandemic, multiple security issues have emerged concerning the platform. The company is taking steps to bring the platform up to date with industry standards. But the issue clearly shows that certain companies focus more on the functionality they provide to their users than they do on the appropriate security, says Ion-Alexandru Secara.
Practice Guidelines for Canadian Neurophysiology Laboratories During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Canadian Society of Clinical Neurophysiologists (CSCN),   Canadian Association of Electroneurophysiology Technologists (CAET),   Association of Electromyography Technologists of Canada (AETC),   Board of Registration of Electromyography Technologists of Canada (BRETC), Canadian Board of Registration of Electroencephalograph Technologists (CBRET), Appendino Juan Pablo , Baker Steven K. , Chapman Kristine M. , Dykstra Tamara , Hussein Tabrez , Jones Michelle-Lee , Mezei Michelle M. , Mirsattari Seyed M. , Ng Marcus , Nikkel Joanne , Obradovic Vaso , Phan Cecile , Robinson Lawrence , Scott Angela , Tellez-Zenteno Jose , Van Niekerk Michelle , Venance Shannon , Moore Fraser 
Published: August 2020

Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on clinical practice. Safe standards of practice are essential to protect health care workers while still allowing them to provide good care. The Canadian Society of Clinical Neurophysiologists, the Canadian Association of Electroneurophysiology Technologists, the Association of Electromyography Technologists of Canada, the Board of Registration of Electromyography Technologists of Canada, and the Canadian Board of Registration of Electroencephalograph Technologists have combined to review current published literature about safe practices for neurophysiology laboratories. Herein, we present the results of our review and provide our expert opinion regarding the safe practice of neurophysiology during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada.
Framing bullying as a health risk: Null effects on young adults’ support for anti-bullying policies
Authors: Schacter Hannah L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGiven extensive research underscoring the deleterious effects of bullying on youth adjustment, anti-bullying policies and programming are critical public health priorities. However, strategies that increase public support for anti-bullying causes are not well understood. This experiment assessed the influence of “bullying messaging” on support for anti-bullying policies. Specifically, I investigated whether learning about the health consequences of bullying, as opposed to its prevalence or educational impact, increased individuals’ support of anti-bullying policies. Participants (n = 329) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions where they read a brief summary about bullying research; conditions varied by whether the research documented the: a) prevalence of bullying b) mental health consequences of bullying c) physical health consequences of bullying or d) academic consequences of bullying. Results indicated that participants endorsed high levels of support for anti-bullying policies, regardless of experimental condition, and that policies aimed at increasing K-12 mental health resources were most supported.