bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Dendrimer‐Modified Magnetite Nanoparticles for Adsorption of Humic Acid from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Beiki Somayeh , Moniri Elham , Hassani Amir Hessam , Ahmad Panahi Homayon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the present study, innovative Dendrimer‐Modified Magnetite Nanoparticle (DMMN) with core‐shell structures were synthesized as an adsorbent to remove humic acid (HA) from aqueous solution. Using the co‐precipitation technique, super paramagnetic iron nanoparticles were synthesized, and the surface of nanoparticles was functionalized with 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). Then, 10‐generation dendrons were synthesized on the surface of functionalized nanoparticles by polymer grafting method. The sample was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra‐Red (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and Barrett‐Joyner‐Halenda (BJH) as well as Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) analyses, which the surface area of specific DMMN was achieved as 81.37 m2 g−1. Based on the obtained analysis results (SEM, XRD), 90 % of synthesized average nanoparticles diameter is less than 4 nm. Batch experiments were performed under varying operational conditions, namely pH, contact time, initial concentration HA, and adsorbent weight. The optimum adsorbent weight was found to be 0.25 gL−1, while the adsorption process was found to be optimal in the broad pH range of 3–9. The pseudo‐second‐order equation excellently defined the adsorption kinetics when the Langmuir model (R2=0.9967) better fit the adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity of DMMN was 103.8 mg HAg−1, that led to 99 % HA adsorption. Moreover, the calculated thermodynamic parameters, including standard enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, show the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption procedure.
Preparation and Characterization of Paraffin@CLPS/MS Phase Change Microcapsules for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Zhao Manxiang , Li Mingkun , Wang Lu , Zhang Xu , Kong Xiangfei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, a series of encapsulated micro phase change material (EMPCM) based on industrial paraffin and inorganic‐organic hybrid shell was reported. The microcapsules (28#P@CLPS/MS) were synthesized with 28#paraffin (28#P) as phase change material (PCM), crosslinked polystyrene (CLPS) as flexible organic shell and modified nano SiO2(MS) as rigid inorganic shell, via a Pickering emulsion polymerization method. MS reduces the interfacial tension of water and plays a good emulsification effect. Secondly, after polymerization, the mechanical stability of the microcapsule shell can be enhanced, and the thermal reliability of the phase change microcapsules can be improved. The morphology, thermal energy storage capacity, and structure of microcapsules were characterized and analyzed. Besides, the grafting ratio of nano SiO2on the heat storage properties of microcapsules was investigated. When the graft ratio of nano‐SiO2was 4.2 %, the prepared microcapsules with highst paraffin content (54.37 %) and encapsulation efficiency (95.15 %). The synthesized microcapsules with regular spherical shape and size range of 1–5 μm, latent heat capacity (Tm28.20 °C, 86.35 J/g) and good thermal stability. Besides, the chemical composition of the microcapsules did not change after 500 cycles, and the latent heat did not decrease. Our research shows that Pickering emulsion polymerization is a convenient, economical and green method for the preparation of highly stable energy storage microcapsules.
Palindromic Peptide LfcinB (21‐25)Pal Exhibited Antifungal Activity against Multidrug‐Resistant Candida
Authors: Vargas‐Casanova Yerly , Carlos Villamil Poveda Jean , Jenny Rivera‐Monroy Zuly , Ceballos Garzón Andrés , Fierro‐Medina Ricardo , Le Pape Patrice , Eduardo García‐Castañeda Javier , Marcela Parra Giraldo Claudia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPalindromic peptide LfcinB (21–25)Pal: RWQWRWQWR was synthesized by Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS‐Fmoc/tBu), purified by Reverse Phase Solid Phase Extraction (RP‐SPE) and characterized by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP‐HPLC) and Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization‐Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). The antifungal activity of LfcinB (21–25)Pal against both ATCC strains and clinical isolates of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. auris and C. tropicalis was evaluated. The palindromic peptide exhibited fungistatic and fungicidal activity against all yeast evaluated. The antifungal activity was dependent on peptide concentration in all cases. Additionally, LfcinB (21–25)Pal (25–50 μg/mL) combined with fluconazole exhibited a synergistic antifungal effect against C. tropicalis 883 and C. krusei 6258 (resistant to fluconazole). This study showed that the palindromic peptide derived from Lactoferricin B (LfcinB) exhibited significant antifungal activity against Candida spp, suggesting that this peptide could have a therapeutic application solely or in combination with fluconazole.
Bromine‐Terminated β‐Alkyl‐Substituted Tripyrrin: Reactivity, Coordination Ability, and Role as Extendable Acyclic Oligo‐Pyrrole Ligand
Authors: Imafuku Masato , Oki Setsuna , Suzuki Masaaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBromine‐terminated tripyrrin, a partial porphyrin structure, is synthesized by saponification of tripyrrane dimethyl ester and subsequent treatment with an aqueous bromine solution. In this reaction, bromine serves as a decarboxylating, oxidizing, and brominating agent. The resulting ligand can be coordinated with a metal ion such as Re+, which is not easily encapsulated in porphyrin cores. Nucleophilic substitution reactions at the brominated positions were also investigated, particularly the substitution with diethylamino and/or ethoxy groups. Structural elucidation was carried out by X‐ray crystallography, which revealed the flatter frameworks of the free bases and distorted geometries of the metal complexes. Such chemical modifications dramatically influence the photophysical properties, such as UV‐visible absorption, and are promising for bio‐related applications such as SPECT imaging probes.
Selective Cross‐Metathesis of Highly Chelating Substrates in Aqueous Media
Authors: Timmer Brian J. J. , Kravchenko Oleksandr , Ramström Olof 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe role of non‐productive chelation in olefin metathesis has been investigated for a variety of highly functionalized substrates in aqueous environment. Using a morpholine‐substituted catalyst, the reactivity of oligoethylene glycols and oligopeptides was evaluated, either in self‐metathesis protocols, or in cross‐metathesis processes with allyl alcohol. The limited reactivity of the substrates in self‐metathesis reactions could be utilized to achieve selectivity in cross‐metathesis with more reactive alkenes. With 2.5 mol % catalyst loading, up to 62% conversion to cross‐metathesis products could be observed for the model systems within 5 h. Overall, this study opens up new potential avenues for olefin metathesis in the field of chemical biology where chelating substrates are omnipresent.
Machine learning for pattern discovery in management research
Authors: Choudhury Prithwiraj , Allen Ryan T. , Endres Michael G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch SummarySupervised machine learning (ML) methods are a powerful toolkit for discovering robust patterns in quantitative data. The patterns identified by ML could be used for exploratory inductive or abductive research, or for post hoc analysis of regression results to detect patterns that may have gone unnoticed. However, ML models should not be treated as the result of a deductive causal test. To demonstrate the application of ML for pattern discovery, we implement ML algorithms to study employee turnover at a large technology company. We interpret the relationships between variables using partial dependence plots, which uncover surprising nonlinear and interdependent patterns between variables that may have gone unnoticed using traditional methods. To guide readers evaluating ML for pattern discovery, we provide guidance for evaluating model performance, highlight human decisions in the process, and warn of common misinterpretation pitfalls. The Supporting Information section provides code and data to implement the algorithms demonstrated in this article.Managerial SummarySupervised machine learning (ML) methods are a powerful toolkit that might help managers and researchers discover interesting patterns in large and complex data. We demonstrate this by using several ML algorithms to investigate the drivers of employee turnover at a large technology company. We evaluate the performance of the models, and use visual tools to interpret the patterns revealed. These patterns can be useful in understanding turnover, but we caution not to confuse correlation with causation. These methods should be viewed as “exploratory” and not conclusive proof of relationships in the data. Our guidance can be helpful for managers evaluating analysis conducted by data scientists in their organizations.
Distributed Deep Reinforcement Learning Method Using Profit Sharing for Learning Acceleration
Authors: Kodama Naoki , Harada Taku , Miyazaki Kazuteru 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProfit Sharing (PS), a reinforcement learning method that strongly reinforces successful experiences, has been shown to contribute to the improvement of learning speed when combined with a deep Q‐network (DQN). We expect a further improvement in learning speed by integrating PS‐based learning and Ape‐X DQN that has state‐of‐the‐art learning speed instead of the DQN. However, PS‐based learning does not use replay memory. In contrast, the Ape‐X DQN requires the use of replay memory because the exploration of the environment for collecting experiences and network training are performed asynchronously. In this study, we propose Learning‐accelerated Ape‐X, which integrates the Ape‐X DQN and PS‐based learning with some improvements including the use of replay memory. We show through numerical experiments that the proposed method improves the scores in Atari 2600 video games in a shorter time than the Ape‐X DQN. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Preparing the Academy for the Evolution of Healthcare Education
Authors: Groccia James E. , Ford Channing R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter takes a brief look at this history of health professions education focusing on human medicine, pharmacy, and nursing. This is followed by a description of a model of university teaching and learning to provide a framework for understanding and enhancing healthcare education. Finally, challenges facing today's system for educating health providers are detailed and the chapter concludes by listing suggestions for meeting these challenges.
Design Thinking in Pharmacy Education: The Future of Classroom Preparation
Authors: Slater Nicole A. , Dhanasekaran Muralikrishnan , Govindarajulu Manoj 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDesign thinking is on the rise as a novel method for creative problem solving in healthcare professional programs. This article will focus on implementation of the concepts of design thinking in the classroom, its utility in pharmacy education, and the advantages it provides from both the faculty and students’ perspectives within the practice‐ready pharmacy curriculum.
Addressing Biases in Health Care by Promoting Inclusive Teaching Practices Among Faculty in Health Professions Education Programs: “Learning to Say the Right Words at the Right Time”
Authors: Gillian‐Daniel Donald L. , Petty Elizabeth M. , Schmid Megan E. , Stahr Anne , Raymond Nancy C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter offers an evidence‐based approach for training faculty educators in the health professions that includes raising awareness of inequities, facilitating self‐reflection about identity, and building skills through applied improvisational techniques to act when bias or microaggressions occur.
COSMC mutations reduce T‐synthase activity in advanced Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gollamudi Seema , Lekhraj Rukmani , Lalezari Shirin , Lalezari Parviz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionMutations in brain tissues that cumulate with age may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abnormal glycoprotein and Tn antigen expression have been demonstrated in AD. We identified C1GALT1C1/COSMC mutations in AD and age‐matched normals without AD. The COSMC coding mutations resulted in a significant reduction in T‐synthase activity in advanced AD cases.MethodsIdentification of COSMC mutations, Real‐Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (Q‐RT‐PCR), western blotting, and T‐synthase activity assays.ResultsCOSMC mutations were detected in the promotor, coding region and 3′UTR in AD and normals. COSMC coding mutations demonstrated a correlation with AD progression. T‐synthase levels were significantly elevated in advanced AD compared to AD III (P = 0.03) and normals (P = 0.002). T‐synthase activity in advanced AD {Braak and Braak (B&B) stages V and VI} with COSMC coding mutations was 3‐fold lower than advanced AD without mutations, and 1.3‐fold lower than normal (P = 0.001) and AD B&B stage III (P = 0.01) with coding mutations.DiscussionCOSMC coding mutations significantly diminished T‐synthase activity in advanced AD, potentially causing defective galactosylation.
Differences in association of leisure time activities and cognition in a racially/ethnically diverse cohort of older adults: Findings from the KHANDLE study
Authors: Peterson Rachel L. , Gilsanz Paola , George Kristen M. , Ackley Sarah , Glymour M. Maria , Mungas Dan M. , Whitmer Rachel A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionLeisure time activity is associated with better cognitive function but has not been well studied in racially/ethnically diverse cohorts, who may have different access to activities.MethodsFrequency of participation in 10 leisure time activities (eg, reading, attending cultural events) and cognition (executive function, semantic memory, and verbal episodic memory) were assessed at Wave 1 in the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) study, a prospective cohort initiated in 2017. Linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographics and depression estimated cross‐sectional associations between leisure time activity variety and frequency and cognitive domains overall and by race/ethnicity. Logistic regression models estimated odds of cognitive impairment among those in the lowest quartiles of activity variety and frequency. All models controlled for age, sex, education, income, retirement status, and depression.ResultsHigher leisure time activity variety was significantly associated with better cognition for all, except for verbal episodic memory among Asians (β = 0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.004, 0.11) and semantic memory among Latinos (β = 0.04, 95% CI: −0.01, 0.08). Low activity variety was associated with nearly three‐fold increased odds of cognitive impairment (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.77, 4.64). Activity frequency was associated with higher executive function only among whites (β = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.18). Patterns by race/ethnicity were not explained by education.DiscussionEngaging in a wider variety of leisure time activities may be more important than frequently participating in fewer activities for cognitive aging in racially/ethnically diverse cohorts.
Fatty acid benzyl esters asbio‐basedplasticizers insilica‐filled solution‐polymerized styrene‐butadienerubber/butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Huang Ruoming , Long Yanni , Feng Kunhao , Pan Qiwei , Chen Zhaohui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBio‐oil based plasticizers have gained great attention in rubber industry as alternatives of petro‐based plasticizers with high content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this work, five fatty acid benzyl esters were synthesized by the esterification of fatty acids (lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid, which are obtained after hydrolysis of some vegetable oils) with benzyl alcohol. They were further applied as plasticizers in silica‐filled solution‐polymerized styrene‐butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber (SSBR/BR) composites in order to study the structure‐property relationship, compared with treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) as standard. The composites were studied for their processability, curing, static, and dynamic mechanical properties by developing through compatibility between bio‐plasticizers and polymer matrix. The results show that benzyl laurate with suitable hydrocarbon chain length and benzyl oleate with a carbon‐carbon double bond have comparatively improved performance compared to TDAE in the silica‐filled SSBR/BR composites.
The roles of hnRNP A2/B1 in RNA biology and disease
Authors: Liu Yu , Shi Song‐Lin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe RNA‐binding protein hnRNPA2/B1 is a member of the hnRNPs family and is widely expressed in various tissues. hnRNPA2/B1 recognizes and binds specific RNA substrates and DNA motifs and is involved in the transcription, splicing processing, transport, stability, and translation regulation of a variety of RNA molecules and in regulating the expression of a large number of genes. hnRNPA2/B1 is also involved in telomere maintenance and DNA repair, while its expression changes and mutations are involved in the development of various tumors and neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. This paper reviews the role and mechanism of hnRNPA2/B1 in RNA metabolism, tumors, and neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
From Washington DC to Washington State: The Global Burden of Diseases Data Basis and the Political Economy of Global Health
Authors: Gaudilliere Jean-Paul , Gasnier Camille 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter takes the origins, development and uses of the Global Burden of Disease database as lens to interrogate the political economy of global health, focusing on the intended logic of this massive accumulation and manipulation of epidemiological data, and the ways in which it informs the management of public health programs and activities. Following the GBD’s journey from its first embodiment as a World Bank tool in the early 1990s to its present day development at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation helps understand how epidemiological data travel to become actionable data, revealing the complex interactions between data gathering on political purpose and their effective uses (or non-use) in specific contexts. The GBD database was first conceived following an accounting logic closely linked with planning: by aggregating epidemiological as well as financial data, the aim was to achieve triage, i.e. balance health budgets and prioritize investments. Nevertheless, as we argue, the specific context of global health and its mode of government have given way to different and contrasting uses of the database. GBD data are now most referred to as indicator: in global “donors” discourses they figure as numerical pictures of suffering distribution across the globe and signs of emergency.
Tracing Data Journeys Through Medical Case Reports: Conceptualizing Case Reports Not as “Anecdotes” but Productive Epistemic Constructs, or Why Zebras Can Be Useful
Authors: Ankeny Rachel A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMedical case reports provide an important example of data journeying: they are used to collect data and make them available for re-use to others in the field including clinicians, biomedical researchers, and health policymakers. In this paper, I explore how data journey in case reports, with particular focus on the earliest stages of the process, namely from creation and publication of case reports to the initial re-uses of them and data within them. I investigate key themes relating to case reporting and re-use, including factors which seem to smooth the path along which the data captured by a case report journey via broader citation patterns and detailed qualitative analysis of highly re-used case reports. This analysis reveals some of the key factors associated with the case reports whose data have greater amounts of journeying including publication in a general medical journal; that the data have broader implications and evidential value for topical or even urgent issues for instance in public health; and use in the case report of multiple research methods or concepts from diverse subfields. These findings along with standardization of case reporting are shown to have epistemological implications, particularly for how we understand the journeying of data.
Mortality and functional outcome after surgical evacuation of traumatic acute subdural hematomas in octa- and nonagenarians
Authors: Younsi Alexander , Fischer Jessica , Habel Cleo , Riemann Lennart , Scherer Moritz , Unterberg Andreas , Zweckberger Klaus 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The incidence of acute subdural hematomas (aSDH) is rising. However, beneficial effects of surgery for the oldest aSDH patients remain unclear. We hence describe the postoperative outcome of octa- and nonagenarians with aSDH in comparison to a younger patient cohort.

Methods
Patients aged ≥ 80 years surgically treated for traumatic aSDH at a single institution between 2006 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and imaging variables were assessed, and univariate analysis was performed to identify factors predicting outcome at discharge. Results were compared to a cohort of younger aSDH patients and statistical analysis was performed. Long-term outcome was prospectively evaluated with the GOSE and QOLIBRI.

Results
27 aSDH patients aged ≥ 80 years were identified. On admission, 41% were in a comatose state and in-hospital mortality was 33%. At discharge, 22% had a favorable outcome (GOS 4 + 5). In univariate statistical analysis, better neurological status (GCS > 8), ≤ 1 comorbidity and smaller aSDH volumes were significant predictors for a favorable outcome. Comparison to 27 younger aSDH patients revealed significant differences in the prevalence of comorbidities and antithrombotics. At long-term follow-up, quality of life of aSDH patients was reduced (median QOLIBRI 54%).

Conclusion
Outcome after surgical treatment of aSDH in octa- and nonagenarians is not detrimental per se. Predictors for a favorable outcome are a non-comatose state on admission (GCS > 8), ≤ 1 preexisting comorbidity and a lower aSDH volume in patients aged ≥ 80 years. In individual patients, surgical evacuation of aSDH might remain a treatment option even in high ages.