bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matrimonio, consanguinidad y la aristocracia nueva castellana: consolidación de la Casa de Alba (1440-1531)
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ FRANCO Juan 
Published: December 2020

Historia Social, Historia de la Familia e Historia Política convergen en el presente artículo para intentar analizar cómo se forma la casa de Alba, y avanzar en su trayectoria de ascenso social desde el siglo XIII, cuando son miembros de la oligarquía toledana, hasta 1531, inicios del periodo del ducado de Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, el Grande. En ese proceso desempeña un destacado papel las alianzas matrimoniales con casas aristocráticas de más lustre (Enríquez y Benavente) y con posterioridad, especialmente en el siglo XVI, la recurrencia a matrimonios entre parientes muy cercanos en grado de consanguinidad.
Social History, Family History and Political History converge on this article, in which we try to analyse how the house of Alba was formed, and progress in the trajectory of social ascent the house of Alba experienced from the 13th century —when they were members of the oligarchy of Toledo— until 1531, when the Duchy was created for Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, the Great. In this process, marital alliances with more prestigious aristocratic families, such as the Enríquez and the Benavente, played a prominent role, and subsequently, in the sixteenth century, marriages between close relatives with some degree of consanguinity became recurrent.
"No hay que tolerar a aquellos que con boca de perro intentan hablar mal de las mujeres": Alonso de Cartagena, la cuarta cuestión del "Duodenarium" y la Querella de las mujeres
Authors: RÍOS DE LA LLAVE Rita 
Published: December 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es demostrar, a través del análisis de la cuarta cuestión del Duodenarium de Alonso de Cartagena, la participación de este último en la Querella de las mujeres. Para ello se analizan los temas abordados por el autor, que pretende rebatir a los autores que critican a las mujeres, y se compara su pensamiento con el de otros autores que participaron en el debate, como Giovanni Boccaccio, Juan Rodríguez del Padrón, Diego de Valera, Álvaro de Luna y Teresa de Cartagena. Finalmente, se lleva a cabo una valoración del pensamiento de Alonso de Cartagena a través de las diversas formas de entender el concepto de mujer enunciadas por Prudence Allen.
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate, through the analysis of the fourth issue of the Duodenarium written by Alonso de Cartagena, his participation in the Woman Question. In order to do so, I analyse the themes addressed by the author, who pretends to refute those who criticize women, and I compare his ideas to those of other authors participating in the debate, such as Giovanni Boccaccio, Juan Rodríguez del Padrón, Diego de Valera, Álvaro de Luna, and Teresa de Cartagena. I finally carry out an assessment of Alonso de Cartagena’s thought through the various ways of understanding the concept of woman enunciated by Prudence Allen.
Literatura de caballerías: entidad receptora y difusora de un pensamiento moderno
Authors: García Álvarez Juan Pablo Mauricio 
Published: December 2020

Justificación de los presupuestos teóricos sobre la temática de este monográfico. Además, se presentan y reseñan losacercamientos críticos en los trabajos aquí reunidos. La línea directriz de todos ellos sería el análisis de las trazas de pensamiento moderno en los libros de caballerías, ya sea por las estrategias utilizadas por sus autores para la configuración del texto, ya por los significados que articulan estas obras, permeadas de las principales problemáticas culturales, sociales, políticas y económicas de la época. Los libros de caballerías se convirtieron en verdaderos receptáculos y difusores de las distintas posibilidades de interpretar la realidad, y ver y representar el mundo.
Relationship Between Interpersonal Depressive Symptoms and Reduced Amygdala Volume in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Haines Sarah , Butler Ernest , Stuckey Stephen , Hester Robert , Grech Lisa B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
The lifetime prevalence of depression in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is approximately 50% compared with around 15% in the general population. There is a relationship between depression and quality of life in people with MS and evidence that depression may contribute to disease progression.

Methods:
This cross-sectional pilot study assessed the association between depression and regional brain atrophy, including amygdala and hippocampal volume. Forty-nine participants with MS recruited through a hospital MS clinic were administered the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R) to investigate whether higher endorsements on the items depressive affect and interpersonal symptoms were associated with volumetric magnetic resonance imaging measurements of hippocampal and amygdala atrophy.

Results:
Regression analysis revealed an association between depression-related interpersonal symptoms and right amygdala volume. No association was found between depression and hippocampal volume.

Conclusions:
These results provide preliminary support for a unilateral, biologically based relationship between the right amygdala and characteristic interpersonal depressive symptoms expressed by people with MS and add to the growing body of literature implicating regional brain atrophy in MS-associated depression. Given that the interpersonal subcomponent of the CESD-R measures social functioning, and the neural networks in the amygdala are known to be implicated in processing social stimuli, this research suggests that targeted diagnosis and treatments for depression in people with MS may be particularly beneficial. Further confirmatory research of this relationship is required.
Graphene-based field effect transistor with ion-gel film gate
Authors: Song Hang , Liu Jie , Chen Chao , Ba Long ,   State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Published: December 2020

Graphene is a kind of two-dimensional material with high light transmittance, high mechanical properties and high carrier mobility. The energy band of graphene can be turned by doping and electric field. Researches on the application of graphene to electronic devices focused on field effect transistors. For improving the performance, one generally improves the fabrication process and device structure, but many researchers chose to change the material or structure of dielectric layer. Ion-gel is a kind of mixture of organic polymer mesh structure with good thermal stability and high dielectric value, prepared by macromolecule organic polymer and ionic salt electrolyte material. With the effect of electric field, cations and anions in ion-gel diffuse to form a double charge layer distribution with a charge layer on the surface of material. This capacitance characteristic is similar to that of traditional capacitor. In this paper, ion-gel (PVDF-[EMIM]TF2N) film is used as a dielectric layer material to prepare the bottom-gate graphene-based field effect transistor (GFET), which is compared with the GFET with SiO<sub>2</sub> bottom-gate, according to electrical characteristic curves. The effect of the ion-gel film on the transconductance, switching ratio and Dirac voltage of the GFET are analyzed. The effect of the vacuum environment and temperature on the GFET performance with ion-gel film gate are also investigated. The results show that in the room-temperature environment, the switching ratio and transconductance of the ion-gel film gate GFET device increase to 6.95 and 3.68 × 10<sup>–2</sup> mS, respectively, compared with those of the SiO<sub>2</sub> gate GFET, while the Dirac voltage decreases to 1.3 V. The increase in transconductance and switching ratio of ion-gel film gate GFETs are mainly due to the high capacitance of ion-gel film compared with those of conventional SiO<sub>2</sub> gate dielectrics. There will be more carriers inside the graphene while in the carrier accumulation region of GFET transfer characteristic curve, which makes graphene more conductive. The Dirac voltage of ion-gel film gate GFET can be reduced to 0.4 V in the vacuum environment; as the temperature increases, the transconductance of GFET can increase up to 6.11×10<sup>–2</sup> mS. The results indicate that the ion-gel film-based graphene field effect transistor shows good electrical properties in serving as high dielectric constant organic dielectric materials.
Analysis on early spatiotemporal transmission characteristics of COVID-19
Authors: Wang Cong , Yan Jie , Wang Xu , Li Min ,   Department of Computer Science & Technology, Sichuan Police College, Luzhou 646000, China,   Institute of Sichuan Police Science, Sichuan Police College, Chengdu 610200, China,   Department of Road Traffic Management, Sichuan Police College, Luzhou 646000, China,   School of Movie and Media, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China,   School of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
Published: December 2020

<sec>	In this paper, a simple susceptible-infected (SI) model is build for simulating the early phase of COVID-19 transmission process. By using the data collected from the newest epidemiological investigation, the parameters of SI model is estimated and compared with those from some other studies. The population migration data during Spring festival in China are collected from Baidu.com and also extracted from different news sources, the migration characteristic of Wuhan city in the early phase of the epidemic situation is captured, and substituted into a simple difference equation model which is modified from the SI model for supporting migrations. Then several simulations are performed for the spatiotemporal transmission process of COVID-19 in China. Some conclusions are drawn from simulations and experiments below.	</sec><sec>	1) With 95% confidence, the infection rate of COVID-19 is estimated to be in a range of 0.2068–0.2073 in general situation, and the corresponding basic reproduction number <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> is estimated to be in a range of 2.5510–2.6555. A case study shows that under an extreme condition, the infection rate and <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> are estimated to be 0.2862 and 3.1465, respectively.	</sec><sec>	2) The Pearson correlation coefficient between Baidu migration index and the number of travelers sent by railway is 0.9108, which indicates a strong linear correlation between them, thus it can be deduced that Baidu migration index is an efficient tool for estimating the migration situation.	</sec><sec>	3) The epidemic arrival times for different provinces in China are estimated via simulations, specifically, no more than 1 day within an estimation error of 41.38%; no more than 3 days within an error of 79.31%, and no more than 5 days with an error of 95.55%. An average estimation error is 2.14 days.	</sec>
Using Instructional Materials to Overcome Students’ Difficulties in Solving Problems Related to Pyramids
Authors: Obeng Awudu , Agyeman Godwin Onwona- , Nkrumah Collin Fordjour 
Published: December 2020

This paper remedies the inability of visual Art 2 students of Komfo Anokye Senior High School, Kumasi in calculating the perpendicular height correctly in a given pyramid and further use it to find the volume of the pyramid. Designed instructional materials were used to review the basic concepts like Pythagoras theorem before using activity method in teaching the actual topic- volume of a pyramid.
A pre-test was conducted to identify the specific areas for development and a post-test to assess the effectiveness of the intervention scheme. A sample of fifty students was selected from visual Art 2 of the school. The study concluded with suggestions and recommendations for the effective use of appropriate teaching and learning materials for positive results in teaching of mensuration especially, pyramids.
Yulin Children's Hospital's Response to COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control Measures and Effects
Authors: Huirong Li 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Introduce the prevention and control measures and effects during COVID-19, and provide a basis for strengthening the emergency response ability of children's hospitals to respond to public health emergencies.
Methods: Introduced the epidemic prevention and control measures of the Children's Hospital of Yulin City, Shaanxi Province from January 22 to July 31, and summarize the prevention and control effects
Results: During this period, according to the relevant national guidelines and regulations, the hospital established a reasonable hospital management model, formulated scientific prevention and control plans, and introduced effective prevention and control measures, realizing zero infection among front-line medical workers, zero spread of the epidemic in the hospital, and zero death among confirmed patients in the hospital.
Conclusion: The prevention and control work of Yulin Children's hospital has comprehensive overall deployment and effective prevention and control measures, which has certain reference significance for the prevention and control work of large comprehensive children's specialized hospitals.
Dietary Enrichment with Omega -3 Fatty Acid Potentiates Leptin Permeability through the Blood-Brain Barrier in Wistar Rats
Authors: Taiwo Ebuehi, Osaretin Albert , Enioluwayan Oyegoke, , Mulkah Ajagun-Ogunleye, Olufemi , Adebola Olu-Taiwo, 
Published: December 2020

Obesity is an excessive accumulation of fat which causes several health implications. It is a risk factor for most disabilities and non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. The present study aimed to show the effect of short and long-term supplementation of an enriched diet with different concentrations of omega-3 fatty acid on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and serum leptin ratio, adiposity and lipid profile in albino Wistar rats. Serum-leptin ratios and indicators such as lipid profile, feed consumption, and adiposity index were obtained to ascertain the effect of the enriched diet on health and wellness. Forty Wistar rats divided into four groups of ten were used, comprising of five males and females; Groups A, B, C and D. The group A, the control, was fed with rat chow and water alone. Groups B, C and D were fed with rat chow supplemented with 10%, 20% and 40% omega-3 fatty acid respectively. The permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with leptin significantly increased across the experimental groups in a concentration-dependent manner.
Practical Applications: Omega-3-fatty acids, also called polyunsaturated fatty acids are well known for their cardioprotective properties. ALA, α-linoleic acid, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) have been collectively referred to as omega-3 fatty acids. ALA, an essential fatty acid, can be converted into EPA and DHA. These polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are obtained from fish-oil and other kinds of seafood. Dietary consumption is essential for a better blood lipid profile and reduced risk for cardiovascular disease. In the present study, supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids improved blood-lipid profile, increased HDL which are essential in preventing obesity. Equally reported here is that concentrations of serum-leptin and CSF were used to derive the leptin ratio. There was also a significant decrease in the adiposity index across the groups. The feed consumption and CSF leptin were given as r=-0.46 for the short term diet, while r=0.34 for the long term diet group. Data of the study indicate that omega-3 fatty acid enrichment had a diminishing effect on both adiposity and appetite, but enhanced the permeability of leptin through the blood-brain barrier in the Wistar rats. The relevance of this study is that omega-3-fatty acid food supplementation could aid in weight management and assist in the prevention and control of obesity.
Microbiological Research of the Effects of EVODROP Silver Nanoparticle on Escherichia coli, Enterococci and Coliforms
Authors: Valcheva Nedyalka , Ignatov Ignat , Huether Fabio 
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was to analyze the microbiological effects of EVODROP Silver Nanoparticle. A comparative analysеs of the number of bacteria of a given species before and after influence wеre performed.
Nanoparticle Silver makes physical changes in the bacterial membrane, like the membrane damage, which can lead to cellular contents leakage and bacterial death [1,2,3]. There are effects of Nanoparticle Silver against SARS-CoV-2. The coronavirus gets replicated via copying of the genetic material using the enzyme RNA-dependent RNA polymerase [4,5].
The membranes of the cells of mammals don’t have peptidoglycans and Ag+ has not inhibiting effect [6]. In such a way it prevents the further alteration of the enzymes.
In Japanese study there are proofs that Nanoparticle Silver inhibiting extracellular SARS-CoV-2 at concentrations ranging between 1 and 10 ppm while cytotoxic effect was observed at concentrations of 20 ppm and above [7]. There is objective research of the effects of Nanoparticle Silver on the virus SARS-CoV-2 with Inhalation in Israel [8].
The author of the device EVOhygiene Fabio Huether performs liquid with concentration 20 ppm nano silver and size of nano particles 5 nm.
The virucidal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) allows its wider application in the annihilation or amelioration of several viral infections such as Poliovirus type-1, Coxsackievirus B3, influenza A virus, SARS-CoV-2 etc. [9]
There is publication in Nature Nanotechnology for the effects of Silver Nanoparticles as disinfectant against SARS-CoV-2 [10].
The research show effects of EVODROP Silver Nanoparticle on the following bacteria Escherichia coli, Enterococci and Coliforms.
Frequency and Determinants of Erectile Dysfunction among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in a Tertiary Health Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Olamoyegun Michael A. , Ala Oluwabukola A. , Fagbemiro Emmanuel Y. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Sexual dysfunction of which erectile dysfunction is one of the complications usually occurred in men with diabetes mellitus. Hence this study aimed to assess the prevalence and analyze risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 147 men with type 2 DM recruited from the diabetes clinic of a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. ED was assessed using an abridged version of international index of erectile function (IIEF–5). Sociodemographic data that included age, education, occupation, marital status were assessed and medical history including diabetes duration, smoking, alcohol intake, frequency and style of sexual intercourse obtained.
Results: The mean age of the study sample was 68.22±12.15 years. The prevalence of ED was 69.5%, of which 14.3%, 14.3%, 10.5% and 29.9% had mild, mild-moderate, moderate and severe dysfunctions respectively. The prevalence of ED increased with age, duration of diabetes and obesity but not with glycaemic control, consumption of alcohol or smoking.
Conclusions: ED was highly prevalent among men with DM in South-West Nigeria. Hence, efforts must be made to reduce the high prevalence by managing the factors responsible for its development. Also, health care practitioners must regularly inquire about this specifically as patients may not readily volunteer this information.
Selectivity and Sublethal Effects of Botanical Extracts to Pupae of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Gladenucci Joanina , Marasca Indiamara , Filho José Carlos de Almeida Pernambuco , Bonfim Filipe Pereira Giardini , Freitas Bue Regiane Cristina Oliveira de 
Published: December 2020

Aims: assess the effect of botanical extracts on pupae of the natural enemy Trichogramma pretiosum.
Study Design: evaluation of the selectivity and sublethal effect on T. pretiosum pupae.
Place and Duration of Study: Departamento de Proteção Vegetal e Horticultura da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – Universidade Estadual Paulista ¨Júlio de Mesquita Filho¨ (FCA/UNESP) – Campus de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, carried out between March 2016 and April 2017.
Methodology: the experiment was conducted in laboratory, with eleven treatments: Rosmarinus officinalis, Mikania glomerata, Varronia curassavica, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Vermonia polyanthes, Plectranthus amboinicus, Tetradenia riparia, Artemisia absinthium, Cymbopogon citratus, distilled water and chlorpyrifos, with the two last ones being the negative and positive controls, respectively. The plants were collected in the morning and had 100 g of each species separated and immersed in 300 ml of methyl alcohol for 24 hours in triple extraction. Posteriorly, the solvent was evaporated in rotavapor and the crude extract diluted in the proportion of 1000 mg to 250 mL of distilled water. The parasitism (%) was evaluated. The mortality of the parasitoids was classified in: class 1 – innocuous (E < 30%); class 2 – slightly harmful (30 ≤ E ≤ 79%); class 3 – moderately harmful (80 ≤ E ≤ 99%); class 4 – harmful (E > 99%); daily and accumulated parasitism, total of parasitized eggs and longevity were reported.
Results: Solely the extract of R. officinalis was selective to T. pretiosum pupae. Despite it, all tested extracts induced sublethal effects, with R. officinalis and C. citratus causing the highest damage. Although R. officinalis resulted in sublethal effects, it was the only extract which did not lead to the mortality of females of T. pretiosum.
Conclusion: the tested botanical extracts are innocuous (class 1) or slightly harmful (class 2) to pupae of T. pretiosum, resulting in some sublethal effect that might spoil its efficiency in the Integrated Pest Control.
Comparative Growth Performance of Papaya Hybrids and their Parents under Reciprocal Crossing System
Authors: Jena Suchismita , Ahlawat T. R. , Patel A. I. , Pandey A. K. , Patel Dharmishtha , Chaudhary Abhijit 
Published: December 2020

Papaya is a very popular fruit in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world and has witnessed an increase in demand. This has fuelled an interest to develop region specific hybrids with desirable vegetative growth and vigour. Hence a field experiment was carried out at College of horticulture and forestry, Navsari Agricultural University in Gujarat during 2018-2020 in randomized block design with three replications to know the mean performance of parents and hybrids for comparative growth performances of papaya. Wherein, thirty papaya hybrids were developed from six morphologically distinct parents through full diallel crossing technique and all the parents and hybrids were evaluated for their germination and growth parameters. The variability was distinct in all hybrids and parents for germination percentage, days taken to germination, periodical plant height and girth, number of leaves, petiole length and internodal distance. Amongst all the parents, Pusa Delicious, CO-8 and Lucknow Local exhibited improved germination, better vegetative growth and dwarf stature, respectively. Among the hybrids, Pusa Delicious x Lucknow Local was found to have dwarf stature with minimum internodal length however, the reciprocal cross: Lucknow Local x Pusa Delicious recorded maximum plant girth and number of leaves. Based on their mean performance, these parents can be used for further breeding programmes and hybrids could be exploited for cultivation.