bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Morphometric and Dimorphic Variables to Characterize Potamon ebonyicum (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Ebonyi River Basin of Nigeria
Authors: Akpaniteaku Rupert C. , Ofoma John N. , Ogbonna Richard C. 
Published: November 2019

Studies were carried out to determine relationships between morphometric and dimorphic variables of freshwater crab, Potamon ebonyicum. Parameter measurements were taken from side to side (left and right); and from tip to the extremity of characteristic features, to ensure that values were obtained at the widest points. The dimorphic variables showed positive correlation and linear relationship between male and female. Nonlinear relationship was recorded in most variables morphologically. Regression analyses revealed poor correlation between carapace length (CL) and weight, and between carapace width (CW) and weight. There was a positive correlation between CL and CW of both sexes. The findings could be a guide for determining condition factor. They could also be useful in field identification and further classification of freshwater crab.
Performance of Lettuce and Water Spinach in Koi Fish-based Aquaponics System
Authors: Andriani Yuli , . Zahidah , Dhahiyat Yayat , Hamdani Herman , Dewi Dan Ristiana 
Published: November 2019

This research aims to determine the growth of lettuce and water spinach plants used as biofilter in koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) aquaponic system. Research was carried out at the Laboratory of Fisheries, Ciparanje, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran from March to April 2018. Research was carried out experimentally using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 treatments and 6 repetitions. The treatments were a combination of koi and water spinach, and a combination of koi and lettuce. The parameters observed were fish growth, fish survival, increase in length of plant stems and increase in leaf strands. The combination of koi fish and water spinach plants produced the highest productivity of plants, with stem length of 39 cm and the addition of 15 leaflets. This combination also produced the highest absolute growth of 3.93 grams / fish and survival rate of 100%.
Stomach Content, Length-weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Tilapia spp. found in the Sombreiro River across Three Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Horsfall E. O. , Sokari G. M. , Moslen M. , Ekweozor I. K. E. 
Published: November 2019

Aim: The present study aims to determine the condition factor incomplete of Tilapia guineensis and Sarotherodon melanotheron in Sombreiro River across Buguma, Abonnema and Degema communities in Rivers State.
Study Design: This study employs fieldwork, laboratory experimental design, statistical analysis and interpretation of data.
Place and Duration of Study: Live fish samples were caught by fishermen in Buguma, Abonnema and Degema communities in Kalabari kingdom of Rivers State, and were conveyed in a rectangular plastic aquarium containing ice blocks and oxygen bags to the department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University. The duration of the study lasted for twelve weeks (65 days).
Methodology: One hundred and eighty fish samples give their average weights and lengths were identified. The fish samples were weighed using an electronic weighing balance, the total length and length of intestine were measured with a meter rule (cm), color of fish, spines and rays of fish were also observed. Their stomach contents were analyzed viewing under a microscope. The frequency of occurrence method and the numerical method were used for analyzing the food items.
Results: The stomach content analysis indicated that the major food was phytoplankton. The length and weight relationship in the three sampled stations for T. guineensis and Sarotherodon melanotheron showed negative allometric growth, (<3). The condition factor for all the fish samples was greater than one. The physicochemical parameters showed that there were significant differences in the various physicochemical parameters across the study stations except for turbidity (P=0.744) and salinity (P=0.922), that showed no significant difference across the study stations.
Conclusion: The length-weight relationship in fishes can be affected by a number of factors including season, habitat, gonad maturity, sex, diet, stomach fullness, health and differences in length ranges of the specimen caught. The exact relationship between length and weight differs among species of fish according to their inherited body shape, and within a species according to the condition (robustness) of individual fish.
The stomach content analysis of the sampled fishes provided a baseline study of food and feeding habits of Tilapia species in the sampled stations.
Gonad Histology, Proximate Composition and Growth Efficiency of Nile Tilapia Fed with Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Seeds Powder
Authors: Waweru Jerusha Njeri , Raburu Phillip Okoth , Odhiambo Elizabeth Akinyi 
Published: November 2019

The study was carried out to determine the effect of different inclusion levels of pawpaw seeds powder (PSP) on the proximate composition, growth and histological structure of Nile tilapia gonads. Nile tilapia were treated with pawpaw seeds powder at four levels at 0 g, 4 g, 8 g and 12 g PSP/kg feed for 60 days. The proximate composition of the carcass of the Nile tilapia showed that the 8 g PSP/kg feed treatment group had the highest values (mean ± SE) of Crude protein and ash (53.97 ± 0.094 and 20.05 ± 0.35) respectively. The highest body weight gain and specific growth rate was achieved at the 8 g PSP/kg treatment level but this treatment level showed the lowest feed conversion ratio. Histology of gonads of Nile tilapia treated with different levels of PSP revealed that ovaries and testes of 0 g PSP/kg feed were normal. Ovaries of the 4 g PSP/kg feed had degenerative stromas while testes had scanty spermatozoa. At 8 g PSP/kg feed, the ovaries showed increased atretic follicles and testes had degeneration of spermatozoa.Treatment with 12 g PSP/kg feed resulted in severe atretic follicles of the ovaries and deformation of seminiferous tubules and erosion of spermatozoa of the testes. The results of this study showed that pawpaw seeds powder can be used to control the breeding of Nile tilapia in production units.
Effect of Different Doses of Ovulin Hormone Suspended in Saline on the Induced Breeding Performance of African Catfishes Clarias anguillaris and Clarias gariepinus in Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Maradun H. F. , Argungu L. A. , Abubakar M. Y. , Abubakar M. Y. , Umar F. , Kasim L. I. , Sahabi A. M. 
Published: November 2019

A study on the effect of different doses of Ovulin hormone suspended in saline on the breeding performance of Clarias anguillaris and Clarias gariepinus was carried out. The experiment was conducted in a 2x5 factorial experiment in a Completely Randomized Design at the Hatchery Unit of the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. Species and hormone dilutions constituted the factors with specie having 2 levels (C. anguillaris and C. gariepinus) and Ovulin suspended in saline at 5 levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The result showed that species levels did not significantly (P>0.05) affect the breeding performance in all the breeding performance parameters observed. However, fertilization rate, hatching rate and survival rate were significantly affected (P<0.05) by different levels of Ovulin suspended in saline, but did not have significant influence (P>0.05) on egg weight, spawning fecundity and relative fecundity. It could be concluded from this study that Ovulin suspended in saline can have significant influence on the breeding performance of African catfish.
Comparative Study of the Flesh Quality of Clarias gariepinus in Farm-raised and Wild Populations
Authors: Michael Popoola Omoniyi , Adedayo Fasakin Emmanuel 
Published: November 2019

Aim. Nutrients analysis of wild and farmed raised African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) were studied. The comparative work was carried out to find out if habitat could affect the nutrient composition of the fish.
Study design: Five live C. gariepinus were obtained for three wild location and three fish farm each (n=30). One-way analysis of variance was use to examine the nutrients composition across the study locations.
Methodology: Five individual fishes were randomly selected from the forty individuals in a population obtained from six locations. They were sacrificed and cut into three (tail, middle and trunk) chunks. These were oven dried at a constant temperature of 105ºC using oven model LCON53CF. The samples were later blend using electric blender and kept in airtight nylon for further analysis. Standard methods were employed in the analysis of body nutrients.
Results: A significant difference was observed in proximate composition of C. gariepinus on dry matter bases. The moisture and lipids content were lower in wild C. gariepinus (5.16±0.07;15.27+0.08%) than farm raised (5.25±0.10%;18.54+0.08%). The average protein and ash contents in farm-raised C. gariepinus were significantly (p<0.05) lower (66.23+0.08%; 5.00+0.07%) than wild C. gariepinus (67.24+0.09%;9.06+0.07%). Organoleptic study revealed differences in taste between wild and farm raised C. gariepinus (p<0.05). The amino acids profile showed little disparity in quantity in wild and farm raised C. gariepinus. No significant difference (p>0.05) was noticed in the mean values of amino acids in wild (4.21) and farmed raised (4.16) C. gariepinus. The percentage of saturated fatty acids was higher (56.24%) in farmed raised C. gariepinus than the wild stocks (44.53%) unlike the unsaturated fatty acids that was higher in wild (79.46%) than the farmed raised (54.03%).
Conclusion: The study revealed that wild fish possess some nutritional advantages over the culture C. gariepinus.
The Place of Spiritual and Traditional Beliefs in Stroke Rehabilitation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chidi Nweke Martins , Christian Kanayo Eze 
Published: November 2019

Aims: This systematic scoping review aimed at mapping evidence available on the impact of spiritual and traditional beliefs on perception of stroke vis-a-vis stroke rehabilitation in sub-Saharan Africa.
Study Design: Systematic scoping review.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in June, 2019 as a preliminary step to study underway in the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus.
Methodology: Literature search was undertaken of PubMed, CINAHL, EBSCOhost Academic Search Complete and PsycINFO. The selection process was aided with use of EndNote X8. A total of 17 peer-reviewed articles were included. Thematic contents analysis was done using NVIVO 12. Five emerging themes were synthesized. Results show that a small but significant number of the respondents possessed poor knowledge and perception of stroke, and this affected the health seeking behaviors.
Results: Although many of the participants would seek formal healthcare when a stroke occurs, some believed stroke is purely a spiritual event and should be addressed spiritually, while a few advocated for integration of traditional and orthodox healthcare approaches. Being a clinical worker, educated or a Christian was associated with good knowledge of stroke. For the participants who preferred spiritual or traditional approach to formal healthcare, traditional or religious inclination, level of education, hospital cost and hospital-related ill-treatment are the propelling factors.
Conclusion: Spiritual and traditional beliefs possess a significant place in stroke rehabilitation in sub-Saharan Africa. We commend that holistic approach with a spiritual component be adopted in stroke rehabilitation across sub-Saharan Africa.
Multiple sclerosis
Authors: Klocke Shilpa , Hahn Nicole 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, unpredictable, and disabling disease. Significant advances have been made in recent years supporting an earlier, more accurate, diagnosis and have led to more than 15 disease-modifying therapies approved by the Food and Drug Administration for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Disease-modifying therapies are now being classified into categories based on level of efficacy. Strategies to use disease-modifying therapies earlier and in a more customizable manner are also emerging. A clinical case study will be used throughout this pearl to review the disease-modifying therapies and use patient-specific factors to develop and provide recommendations on therapeutic strategies for individuals with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.
Treatment outcomes of long-acting injectable naltrexone versus oral naltrexone in alcohol use disorder in veterans
Authors: Leighty Anne E. , Ansara Elayne D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
In veterans, the prevalence of 12-month and lifetime alcohol use disorder (AUD) is 14.8% and 42.2%, respectively. Alcohol use disorder treatment is often plagued by medication discontinuation with relapse rates being as high as 39% in patients who sought treatment. One proposed benefit of long-acting injectable (LAI) medications is improved adherence. The purpose of this trial was to compare the difference in time to relapse between patients on oral and LAI naltrexone.

Methods
This study was a retrospective electronic chart review of patients with AUD who were treated with oral or LAI naltrexone at a Veteran's Affairs Medical Center from August 1, 2016, to July 31, 2018. The primary outcome assessed was time to relapse. Secondary outcomes for this study included medication possession ratio (MPR), comorbid mental health diagnosis, substance use, past pharmacological treatment, liver and kidney function, and enrollment in addiction-focused psychosocial therapy.

Results
Thirty-two patients met inclusion criteria. The median time to relapse was longer for those treated with LAI naltrexone versus oral naltrexone (150.5 days vs 50.5 days, P &lt; .01). The MPR was similar among both groups (P = .47). No significant differences were found between the groups regarding safety outcomes.

Discussion
Results suggest that LAI naltrexone is associated with increased time to relapse and should be considered as a first-line option for patients. Given the retrospective nature and small sample size of this study, larger, randomized, controlled trials comparing LAI and oral naltrexone head to head would help determine most appropriate treatment for these patients.
Case report: Albendazole associated psychosis
Authors: Doughty Bennett , Tumey L. Nathan , Williams Karen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe association of psychosis with albendazole monotherapy has not been established in current literature.Case ReportWe present the first reported case of acute psychosis associated with albendazole. Upon cessation of the agent and the introduction of aripiprazole, the patient's psychosis remitted, and the patient did not present for acute treatment in the months to follow.Discussion/ConclusionThe temporal relationship and laboratory data support albendazole's role in leading to the aforementioned toxicity. Such reactions, although rare, can drastically impact patient care and may warrant increased provider consideration when choosing to prescribe albendazole.
Pruritus associated with abrupt mirtazapine discontinuation: Single case report
Authors: Spitznogle Brittany , Gerfin Felicia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It is well known that antidepressants have the potential to cause withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt discontinuation. At the time of this case report, no literature has identified intense, body-wide pruritus as a result of abrupt mirtazapine discontinuation. However, there is literature to suggest that mirtazapine may be used as a treatment for pruritus at doses as low as 15 mg/d due to its high affinity for central and peripheral histamine H1 receptors. Considering this information, it is suspected that the abrupt discontinuation of mirtazapine in the following patient case resulted in pruritus due to the reversal of antagonism at histamine receptors.
Spatial Confinement Design with Metal‐Doped Catalysts: Modulating Electronic‐State of Active Sites for Accelerating Sulfur Redox Kinetics in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhengran , Jiang Huiyu , Ni Zhiwei , Wei Chuanliang , Tian Kangdong , Li Yuan , Zhang Xinlu , Xiong Shenglin , Zhang Chenghui , Feng Jinkui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe rational and well‐structured construction of electrocatalysts with exceptional catalytic activity and adsorption capability is essential for effectively addressing the challenges faced by lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs). In this paper, the synergistic effect of spatial confinement design and doping engineering‐induced electronic‐state modulation is leveraged to suppress the shuttle effect, and high‐efficiency catalysis for polysulfide conversion is achieved. The Ni‐doped CoSe2 nanoparticles are in situ formed on a 3D MXene hollow microsphere via self‐assembly and selenization strategies. The hollow structure provides spatial confinement and serves as a physical barrier, mitigating the polysulfide shuttle while the prevention of MXene self‐stacking ensures maximal exposure of the Ni‐CoSe2 nanoparticles to provide additional active sites and enhances their adsorption properties. These findings are corroborated by electrochemical experiments and in situ XRD analysis, demonstrating significantly improved rate capabilities and cycling stability of LSBs utilizing the functional electrocatalyst. This study presents a valuable pathway for exploiting the synergistic effect of structural construction and electronic‐state modulation to develop high‐performance LSBs.
Reconfigurable Logic and in‐Memory Computing Based on Electrically Controlled Charge Trapping in Dielectric Engineered 2D Semiconductor Transistors
Authors: Tan Dongxin , Luo Zheng‐Dong , Yang Qiyu , Xiao Fei , Gan Xuetao , Zhang Dawei , Chu Zhufei , Xue Fei , Zhang Junpeng , Xia Yinshui , Liu Yan , Hao Yue , Han Genquan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe co‐integration of logic, memory, synapse, and other essential functionalities into one single element with run‐time reconfigurability is explored as a promising approach for an efficient and flexible in‐memory computing platform. However, despite ample research focused on such reconfigurable semiconductor technology, it remains challenging to achieve a CMOS‐compatible device concept that is with simplified device structure, versatile functionalities, and efficient operation schemes. Here, a new type of run‐time electrically reconfigurable device is demonstrated based on dielectric‐engineered 2D semiconductor transistors. With an engineered semiconductor/charge‐trap layer/dielectric film heterostructure, the 2D charge‐trap transistor (CTT) resembles a simplified metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) structure. Both multilevel permanent charge trapping and transient voltage‐modulating capabilities can be realized in the 2D CTTs, giving rise to various switchable device function modes including non‐volatile memory, threshold voltage‐variable logic switch, and artificial synapse. Leveraging the monolithic integration of multiple 2D CTTs and time‐sequential reconfigurable operation strategy, high‐performance logic inverter and non‐volatile ternary content‐addressable memory (TCAM) with compact architecture can be created. The performance of the 2D CTTs in synapse mode is evaluated with the simulation of the convolutional neural network, showing great potential for future neuromorphic computing hardware.
Homologous Molecule Treatment in Perovskite Solar Cells: Synergistic Management of Holistic Defect and Charge Transfer
Authors: Zhou Ning , Shen Yiheng , Zeng Zixin , Ke Lingyi , Kong Fancheng , Cao Chen , Chow Philip C. Y. , Tsang Sai‐Wing , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Yip Hin‐Lap 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are gaining significant attention as key players in the field of advanced photovoltaic technologies, attributed to their impressive efficiency metrics. Despite their advantages, achieving commercial viability for PSCs requires overcoming significant challenges, particularly in mitigating defects that trigger Shockley‐Read‐Hall recombination and mastering the crystallization process. Though multiple strategies tackle these issues, the complexity of molecular engineering, which often needs totally different molecules for different tasks, limits their commercial use. In this study, amidine thiourea (AT), a multifunctional compound with several strong coordination sites is introduced, which effectively passivates diverse defects within perovskite crystals and modulates the crystallization kinetics. Furthermore, a homologous molecule of AT, called 1‐phenyl‐3‐guanylthiourea (PGT) is introduced, which features an additional benzene ring, to treat surface defects and reduce interface non‐radiative recombination. The integration of AT and PGT can synergistically regulate the perovskite crystallization kinetics and address holistic defects, including both bulk and surface of perovskite. The unique electronic properties of PGT also construct an effective charge transfer channel, which significantly suppresses the interface non‐radiative combination. Based on this strategy, planar PSCs, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 26.06% is fabricated, with retention of 90% efficiency after 1400 h under continuous illumination.
Directional Oxygen Defect Engineering in Black Phosphorus Aerogel for Flexible and Stable Moisture‐Electric Generators
Authors: Liang Junchuan , Wang Yaoda , Ma Xingkai , Song Xinmei , Wang Huaizhu , Shen Tianyu , Sun Jingjie , Hu Yi , Liu Yuzhu , Wu Zuoao , Yu Tianchen , Tie Zuoxiu , Jin Zhong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe overuse of fossil energy reserves emphasizes the necessity for the advancement of sustainable energy alternatives. Some functional materials have the capacity to directly produce electricity through interactions with ambient humidity, opening up possibilities for self‐powered devices. Black phosphorus possesses exceptional physicochemical properties and ambient stability. Herein, the fabrication of compact and flexible moist‐electric generators is explored by directional surficial oxygen defect engineering in black phosphorus aerogel. Through directional oxygen‐plasma irradiation, a gradient of surficial oxygen defects is imparted onto the porous skeletons of black phosphorus aerogel, leading to spontaneous charge separation and power generation upon exposure to moist atmospheres. In an air environment with a relative humidity of 80%, the as‐fabricated moisture‐enabled electric generator (with an ultrathin thickness of 160 µm) exhibited the capability to generate a voltage of 0.25 V and a current density of 0.16 µA cm−2. Comparative experiments and the theoretical calculations provided substantiation of the presence of an internal built‐in electric field. Through a straightforward stacking process, the integrated device can generate a stable voltage of 2.1 V. This work paves a new avenue for the development of self‐powered systems aiming at the conversion of atmospheric potential energy into self‐sustainable electrical power for portable applications.