bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The discourse of manners and politeness in Restoration and
eighteenth-century drama
Authors: Jucker Andreas H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The eighteenth century is often referred to as the
age of politeness, and the term politeness has been argued
to be a key term in a variety of settings at this time. This paper sets out
to investigate the discourse of politeness and, more generally, the
discourse of manners during this period and the period leading up to it
(1660 to 1790). It focuses on the vocabulary used in talking about manners
and politeness and on the way this vocabulary is used in actual
interactions. In a first step, it investigates several large corpora and
what they can tell us about the development of the vocabulary of manners and
politeness before it zooms in, in a second step, on a more detailed
investigation of three comedies of the period: Aphra Behn’s The Town-Fop: or Sir Timothy
Tawdrey (1676), Sir Richard Steele’s The Conscious Lovers
(1722), and Oliver Goldsmith’s
She Stoops to Conquer, or The Mistakes of a Night
(1773). A close reading and a careful analysis of the discourse
of manners and politeness, and crucially the discourse of violations of
manners and politeness, in these three plays reveals a significant shift
from a preoccupation with honour and reputation in the Restoration period to
the politeness of a good character in the early eighteenth century and
finally to a concern for polished and somewhat superficial manners in the
late eighteenth century. The three comedies thus mirror in a detailed and
nuanced way what the development of the vocabulary of manners and politeness
suggests in a broad-brush perspective on a much larger scale.
Transgressions as a socialisation strategy in Samuel Richardson’s
The Apprentice’s Vade Mecum (1734)
Authors: Shvanyukova Polina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Conduct manuals disseminating norms of behaviour
were popular in Early and Late Modern England. In this contribution I offer
a close reading of an influential eighteenth-century conduct manual for
newly apprenticed boys, Samuel Richardson’s The Apprentice’s Vade
Mecum (Richardson
2012[1734]). In my analysis of its contents I aim to identify the
specific set of norms of conduct young apprentices were impelled to comply
with, in an attempt to shed light on the ways in which representations of
acts of transgressive behaviour in didactic advice literature were
instrumental in the process of indoctrinating social novices about the norms
of the dominant world order. I then examine the distinctive traits of the
author’s instructive language, that is to say, the specific linguistic
strategies Richardson employs in order to deliver his instructions in the
most efficient, unequivocal and accessible way. Finally, I argue that in
Richardson’s in-depth treatment of transgressive acts we find evidence of
the existence of a coherent code of anti-normative behaviour.
Variations from letter-writing manuals
Authors: Calvo Cortés Nuria 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The present study analyses two sets of 25 petitions
each. They were signed by different women who possibly belonged to lower
social ranks, and they were addressed to the governors of the Foundling
Hospital and the Bank of England. These were most probably men who occupied
high positions in society. The study focuses on the comparison between the
information present in the manuals and the petitions selected for this
study. The petitioners had different needs and their circumstances also
varied. This is reflected in the results, which show differences, and also
similarities, between the two sets of petitions. Furthermore, most display
some features found in the manuals, but not all of them follow the rules or
recommendations faithfully. The writers, who cannot always be identified and
may not have been the same as the signees, seem to have been aware of the
existence of letter-writing manuals, but they may not have had first-hand
contact with them.
Impoliteness in Blunderland
Authors: Ermida Isabel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in
Wonderland (1865)
and Through the Looking-Glass (1871), two linguistic treatises in disguise,
create ingenious fantasy worlds where the rules of language and the
conventions of communication are turned upside down. What is (semantically)
illogical or (pragmatically) inappropriate confounds Alice, who struggles to
make sense of nonsense and to keep the order of a polite, rational world in
place. In her dialogues with anthropomorphic animals and objects, ambiguity
and fallacy coexist with interactive manipulation, while her communicative
expectations crumble and comic misunderstandings arise.
This article looks into the construction of linguistic and pragmatic
transgressions in Carroll’s acclaimed books with a view to unveiling their
contribution to impoliteness. On the one hand, the paper analyses the
structural mechanisms of wordplay vis-à-vis phonetic, morpho-syntactic and
lexical ambiguity. On the other, it examines the pragmatic strategies
whereby speech-act infelicities, conversational maxim violations, and
bald-on-record clashes contribute to reversing the established conventions
of (polite) social interaction. The premise guiding the analysis is that the
pervasive existence of double meaning and incongruity in the Alice books
underlies not only linguistic phenomena such as punning, neologism, and
relexicalisation, but also interactive patterns, in which the expected norms
of courteous conduct in social exchanges do not obtain. The antithetical and
script-oppositional (hence, humorous) nature of this process defrauds
outsider Alice – the victim, but at times the happy recipient, of the
uncooperative challenges of this inverted, refracted, teasingly nonsensical
world.
A note on the minimization of a Tikhonov functional with ℓ1-penalty
Authors: Hinterer Fabian , Hubmer Simon , Ramlau Ronny 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the minimization of a Tikhonov functional with an ℓ
1 penalty for solving linear inverse problems with sparsity constraints. One of the many approaches used to solve this problem uses the Nemskii operator to transform the Tikhonov functional into one with an ℓ
2 penalty term but a nonlinear operator. The transformed problem can then be analyzed and minimized using standard methods. However, by the nature of this transform, the resulting functional is only once continuously differentiable, which prohibits the use of second order methods. Hence, in this paper, we propose a different transformation, which leads to a twice differentiable functional that can now be minimized using efficient second order methods like Newton’s method. We provide a convergence analysis of our proposed scheme, as well as a number of numerical results showing the usefulness of our proposed approach.
Collision of Li2+ with Li(2s) and Li(2p): differential and total ionization; discrete excitations; elastic scattering, and total cross section
Authors: Walters H R J , Whelan Colm T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The coupled pseudostate approximation (McGovern et al 2009 Phys. Rev. A
79 042707) has been applied to Li2+ + Li(2s, 2p0,±1) collisions at 16 MeV with emphasis on studying the fully differential ionization measurements of Ghanbari-Adivi et al in the azimuthal plane (2017 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
50 215202). The states of the valence electron in the Li target are calculated using the model potential of Stein (1993 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
26 2087). Altogether 164 states with angular momenta l = 0 to 9 are employed in the scattering calculation. It is assumed that the electron in the Li2+ is frozen in the 1s state and its screening of the Li2+ nucleus is fully taken into account. Previous calculations on this system (3DW-EIS and CDW-EIS) have treated the Li2+ as a bare ion with a nuclear charge of 2 au. Except for normalisation, agreement with the experimental data of Ghanbari-Adivi et al is generally quite good. But, where agreement is best it is found that the cross section is very much first Born. Except in one case, quite good accord is also obtained with the 3DW-EIS calculations of Ghanbari-Adivi et al, particularly on normalisation. Screening by the 1s electron has little effect on the fully differential calculations undertaken here. The double differential cross section d
2
σ/dEdq

t
and the single differential cross section dσ/dE are also calculated. Here 1s screening is found to be important at large (transverse) momentum transfers q

t
and large ejection energies E. In addition, the pseudostate approximation gives cross sections for discrete transitions, total ionization and total scattering.
A deep condition feature learning approach for rotating machinery based on MMSDE and optimized SAEs
Authors: Ge Ming-Feng , Ge Ziyue , Pan Hao , Liu Yiben , Xu Yanhe , Liu Jie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The failure of rotating machinery affects the quality of the product and the entire production process. However, it usually suffers the subsequent deficiency that the hyperparameters of the fault diagnosis model require constant debugging. This paper proposes a deep condition feature learning approach for rotating machinery based on modified multi-scale symbolic dynamic entropy (MMSDE) and optimized stacked auto-encoders (SAEs). Firstly, MMSDE has been used to extract fault characteristics of the original vibration signal, because such methods do not rely on prior knowledge and experience. MMSDE conducts multi-scale analysis on the original vibration signal and calculates the entropy of the multi-scale signal. The multi-scale fault characteristics are obtained. Then, Bayesian optimization-based SAEs are applied to select feature samples and classify the fault status in mechanical fault diagnosis without debugging. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by using open-source data and experimental data. Multiple working conditions are also considered and investigated.
Using the entropy of the corneal pulse signal to distinguish healthy eyes from eyes affected by primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Danielewska Monika E , Placek Michał M , Kicińska Aleksandra K , Rękas Marek 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the complexity of the corneal pulse (CP) signal can be used to differentiate patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) from healthy subjects. Approach: The study sample consisted of 28 patients with POAG and a control, age-matched group of 30 subjects. After standard ophthalmic examination, the CP signal from a randomly selected eye of each participant was measured using non-contact ultrasonic micro-displacement measurement technology. After pre-processing, the complexity of the CP signal was estimated using refined composite multiscale fuzzy entropy (RCMFE) up to scale factor 50. The average RCMFE values were computed from three repeated measurements of the CP signals for each participant and each scale factor. Main results: The complexity of the CP signal in glaucomatous eyes was higher than that observed in healthy ones. Also, RCMFE of the CP signal was found to differentiate (statistically significantly) between the two groups for scales in the range from 26 to 43. For these scales, the one for which the lowest p-value (t-test, p = 0.017) was obtained when comparing RCMFE between the two groups was selected as the optimal scale. Next, a receiver operating characteristic analysis for the optimal scale showed that the proposed approach of calculating the multiscale entropy of the CP signal has some potential to discriminate between patients with POAG and healthy controls (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 0.643, 0.700 and 0.672, respectively). Significance: In conclusion, RCMFE, as a complexity measure, may be considered an auxiliary indicator to support glaucoma diagnostics.
Flexible and wearable sensor based on graphene nanocomposite hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liang Bo , Jiang Qifeng , Li Yang , Feng Ying , Zhang Lingqin , Zhao Yiming , Xiong Xingliang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Flexible and wearable sensor based on nanocomposite hydrogels has been proposed for monitoring the human large-scale, small-scale movements and several physiological signals. The nanocomposite hydrogel, prepared from graphene oxide (GO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polydopamine (PDA), exhibits excellent mechanical and electrical properties with tensile stress of 146.5 KPa, fracture strain of 2580%, fracture energy of 2390.86 KJ m−3, and the conductivity of 5 mS cm−1. In addition, it possesses other merits including good self-healing with the electrical self-healing efficiency of 98% of its original resistance within 10 s, and strong self-adhesion onto a variety of surfaces of materials. This self-adhesive, self-healing, graphene-based conductive hydrogel can further assembled as wearable sensors to accurate and real-time detect the signals of human large-scale motions (including bending and stretching fingers joints, wrists joints, elbows joints, neck joints and knees joints) and small-scale motions (including swallowing, breathing and pulsing) through fracturing and recombination of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrical pathways in porous structures of hydrogel networks. Furthermore, the hydrogel can also be used as self-adhesive surface electrodes to detect human electrophysiological (ECG) signals. Therefore, the hydrogel-based wearable sensor is expected to be used for long-term and continuous monitoring human body motion and detecting physiological parameters.
Loss characteristics of HTS coated conductors in field windings of electric aircraft propulsion motors
Authors: Kails Kevin , Zhang Hongye , Mueller Markus , Li Quan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors (CCs) are widely regarded as a promising candidate to enable very high power density motors. These machines operate at high rotational speeds, with some designs going up to 12 000 rpm. HTS CCs are applied to the field windings of these motors to increase the magnetic loading and hence the power density. Even though the superconducting field windings operate with a DC current, due to the magnetic field environment, losses are present. This paper examines the dynamic and total loss characteristics of YBCO-coated conductors in the frequency range relevant to high-speed motors for electric aircraft propulsion. A multi-layer model was created using the
H
-formulation and the losses for each layer were highlighted. For the first time, it was shown that the DC transport current region in the HTS layer shrinks as the frequency of the applied field increases due to the increased magnetisation current around the edges of the CC, which reduces the dynamic loss per cycle as the frequency increases. To fully understand the loss distribution in the HTS CC, the total loss in the conductor was investigated. For an applied magnetic field of 100 mT and 800 Hz, more than 30% of the total loss occurs in the copper layer due to the decreased penetration depth of the magnetic field and the skin effect. Results show that to accurately model and understand the losses in superconducting field windings, a multi-layer model should be used, since a significant proportion of loss shifts towards the copper stabilizers. Over all, it was shown that both the dynamic loss as well as magnetisation loss play a crucial role in the estimation of the loss in superconducting field windings.
Perturbation-evoked potentials can be classified from single-trial EEG
Authors: Ditz Jonas C , Schwarz Andreas , Müller-Putz Gernot R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective. Loss of balance control can have serious consequences on interaction between humans and machines as well as the general well-being of humans. Perceived balance perturbations are always accompanied by a specific cortical activation, the so-called perturbation-evoked potential (PEP). In this study, we investigate the possibility to classify PEPs from ongoing EEG. Approach. Fifteen healthy subjects were exposed to seated whole-body perturbations. Each participant performed 120 trials; they were rapidly tilted to the right and left, 60 times respectively. Main results. We achieved classification accuracies of more than 85% between PEPs and rest EEG using a window-based classification approach. Different window lengths and electrode layouts were compared. We were able to achieve excellent classification performance (87.6 ± 8.0% accuracy) by using a short window length of 200 ms and a minimal electrode layout consisting of only the Cz electrode. The peak classification accuracy coincides in time with the strongest component of PEPs, called N1. Significance. We showed that PEPs can be discriminated against ongoing EEG with high accuracy. These findings can contribute to the development of a system that can detect balance perturbations online.
A system identification analysis of optogenetically evoked electrocorticography and cerebral blood flow responses
Authors: Chin-Hao Chen Rex , Atry Farid , Richner Thomas , Brodnick Sarah , Pisaniello Jane , Ness Jared , Suminski Aaron J , Williams Justin , Pashaie Ramin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective. The main objective of this research was to study the coupling between neural circuits and the vascular network in the cortex of small rodents from system engineering point of view and generate a mathematical model for the dynamics of neurovascular coupling. The model was adopted to implement closed-loop blood flow control algorithms. Approach. We used a combination of advanced technologies including optogenetics, electrocorticography, and optical coherence tomography to stimulate selected populations of neurons and simultaneously record induced electrocorticography and hemodynamic signals. We adopted system identification methods to analyze the acquired data and investigate the relation between optogenetic neural activation and consequential electrophysiology and blood flow responses. Main results. We showed that the developed model, once trained by the acquired data, could successfully regenerate subtle spatio-temporal features of evoked electrocorticography and cerebral blood flow responses following an onset of optogenetic stimulation. Significance. The long term goal of this research is to open a new line for computational analysis of neurovascular coupling particularly in pathologies where the normal process of blood flow regulation in the central nervous system is disrupted including Alzheimer’s disease.
High throughput direct 3D bioprinting in multiwell plates
Authors: Hwang Henry H , You Shangting , Ma Xuanyi , Kwe Leilani , Victorine Grace , Lawrence Natalie , Wan Xueyi , Shen Haixu , Zhu Wei , Chen Shaochen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Advances in three dimensional (3D) bioprinting have enabled the fabrication of sophisticated 3D tissue scaffolds for biological and medical applications, where high speed, high throughput production in well plates is a critical need. Here, we present an integrated 3D bioprinting platform based on microscale continuous optical printing, capable of high throughput in situ rapid fabrication of complex 3D biomedical samples in multiwell plate formats for subsequent culture and analysis. Our high throughput 3D bioprinter (HT-3DP) was used to showcase constructs of varying spatial geometries of biomimetic significance, tunable mechanical properties, as well as reproducibility. Live hepatocellular carcinoma 3D tissue scaffolds were fabricated in situ in multiwell plates, after which a functional drug response assay against the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin was performed. Dual cell-type populations involving both live hepatocellular carcinoma as well as human umbilical vein endothelial cells were also printed to demonstrate dual-tissue fabrication capability. This work demonstrates a significant advancement in that the production rate of 3D bioprinted tissue scaffolds with controllable spatial architectures and mechanical properties can now be done on a high throughput scale, enabling rapid generation of in vitro 3D tissue models within conventional multiwell cell culture plates for high throughput preclinical drug screening and disease modeling.
Step-flow growth of graphene-boron nitride lateral heterostructures by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Thomas James , Bradford Jonathan , Cheng Tin S , Summerfield Alex , Wrigley James , Mellor Christopher J , Khlobystov Andrei N , Foxon C Thomas , Eaves Laurence , Novikov Sergei V , Beton Peter H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Integration of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) into lateral heterostructures has drawn focus due to the ability to broadly engineer the material properties. Hybrid monolayers with tuneable bandgaps have been reported, while the interface itself possesses unique electronic and magnetic qualities. Herein, we demonstrate lateral heteroepitaxial growth of graphene and hBN by sequential growth using high-temperature molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). We find, using scanning probe microscopy, that graphene growth nucleates at hBN step edges and grows across the surface to form nanoribbons with a controlled width that is highly uniform across the surface. The graphene nanoribbons grow conformally from the armchair edges of hexagonal hBN islands forming multiply connected regions with the growth front alternating from armchair to zigzag in regions nucleated close to the vertices of hexagonal hBN islands. Images with lattice resolution confirm a lateral epitaxial alignment between the hBN and graphene nanoribbons, while the presence of a moiré pattern within the ribbons indicates that some strain relief occurs at the lateral heterojunction. These results demonstrate that high temperature MBE is a viable route towards integrating graphene and hBN in lateral heterostructures.
Nanoscale mapping of ZnO–TiO2 up-conversion phosphor containing Yb3+ and Er3+
Authors: Nonaka Toshihiro , Imai Takahito , Ban Takahiko , Yamamoto Shin-Ichi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Up-conversion phosphors have attracted considerable attention for their visible-light emission. In this study, a ZnO–TiO2 up-conversion phosphor containing Yb3+ and Er3+ ions was prepared; its emission characteristics and crystal structure were analyzed, and its nanoscale elemental mapping was examined. The metal organic decomposition (MOD) method was used to fabricate the samples. After firing the sample at 1000 °C, the emission intensity showed a maximum when the molar ratio was Ti/Zn/Yb/Er = 1/1/0.06/0.02. Finally, the function of each element was considered from the viewpoint of the crystal structure and nanoscale mapping.
Boron and nitrogen doping in graphene: an experimental and density functional theory (DFT) study
Authors: Kaykılarlı Cantekin , Uzunsoy Deniz , Parmak Ebru Devrim Şam , Fellah Mehmet Ferdi , Çakır Özgen Çolak 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Boron (B) and Nitrogen (N) doped few layer graphene (BNG) is directly synthesized via electric arc discharge (EAD) method. NH3 and BCl3 gas mixtures are used in the synthesis atmosphere. Raman spectroscopy is used to determine graphene’s purity and number of layers. The investigation of structure and morphology of pristine graphene and BNG are carried out via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The presence of B and N in the structure of graphene is detected by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Elemental mapping show that N and B are distributed homogeneously in the graphene structure. It is observed that doping process did not affect the positions of the D, G and 2D bands in the Raman spectroscopy. The effect of doping on the number of layers of graphene is found negligible. TEM results exhibit that pristine graphene and BNG have 5 to 6 layers. Besides, the theoretical calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) are employed to support experimental studies. Theoretical results based on DFT showed that bonding of B and N is favorable.