bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comorbidities at diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based case-control study
Authors: Tidblad Liselotte , Westerlind Helga , Delcoigne Bénédicte , Askling Johan , Saevarsdottir Saedis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Comorbidities contribute to the morbidity and mortality in RA, and are thus important to capture and treat early. In contrast to the well-studied comorbidity risks in established RA, less is known about the comorbidity pattern up until diagnosis of RA. We therefore compared whether the occurrence of defined conditions, and the overall comorbidity burden at RA diagnosis, is different from that in the general population, and if it differs between seropositive and seronegative RA.

Methods
Using Swedish national clinical and demographic registers, we identified new-onset RA patients (n = 11 086), and matched (1:5) to general population controls (n = 54 813). Comorbidities prior to RA diagnosis were identified in the Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers, and compared using logistic regression.

Results
At diagnosis of RA, respiratory (odds ratio (OR) = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.44, 1.74), endocrine (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.31, 1.47) and certain neurological diseases (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.59, 1.89) were more common in RA vs controls, with a similar pattern in seropositive and seronegative RA. In contrast, psychiatric disorders (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.92) and malignancies (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.97) were less commonly diagnosed in RA vs controls. The comorbidity burden was slightly higher in RA patients compared with controls (P &lt;0.0001).

Conclusion
We found several differences in comorbidity prevalence between patients with new-onset seropositive and seronegative RA compared with matched controls from the general population. These findings are important both for our understanding of the evolvement of comorbidities in established RA and for early detection of these conditions.
Defining colchicine resistance/intolerance in patients with familial Mediterranean fever: a modified-Delphi consensus approach
Authors: Özen Seza , Sag Erdal , Ben-Chetrit Eldad , Gattorno Marco , Gül Ahmet , Hashkes Philip J , Kone-Paut Isabelle , Lachmann Helen J , Tsitsami Elena , Twilt Marinka , Benedetti Fabrizio de , Kuemmerle-Deschner Jasmin B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Colchicine is the main treatment for FMF. Although a number of individuals with FMF are intolerant/resistant to colchicine, there is no standard definition of colchicine resistance/intolerance. We developed a set of evidence-based core statements defining colchicine resistance/intolerance in patients with FMF that may serve as a guide for clinicians and health authorities.

Methods
A set of statements was identified using a modified-Delphi consensus-based approach. The process involved development of an initial colchicine resistance/intolerance-related questionnaire derived from a systematic literature review. The questionnaire, which was completed by an international panel of 11 adult and paediatric rheumatologists with expertise in FMF, was analysed anonymously. The results informed draft consensus statements that were discussed by a round-table expert panel, using a nominal group technique to agree on the selection and wording of the final statements.

Results
Consensus among the panel was achieved on eight core statements defining colchicine resistance/intolerance in patients with FMF. A definition of resistance was agreed upon that included recurrent clinical attacks (average one or more attacks per month over a 3-month period) or persistent laboratory inflammation in between attacks. Other core statements recognize the importance of assessing treatment adherence, and the impact of active disease and intolerance to colchicine on quality of life.

Conclusion
Based on expert opinion, a set of evidence-based core statements defining colchicine resistance/intolerance in patients with FMF were identified to help guide clinicians and health authorities in the management of patients with FMF.
Work–Family Reconciliation and Children’s Well-Being Disparities across OECD Countries
Authors: Andersson Matthew A , Garcia Michael A , Glass Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSocioeconomic inequalities in health and well-being are large, beginning early in childhood and accumulating over the life course, but they also vary widely across rich, developed nations. Despite this well-known cross-national variation, research has yet to examine why children’s health disparities might be larger or smaller based on national policy contexts and macroeconomic conditions. Parental health and well-being suffer under high work–family or economic strain, which may directly impact children’s health inequalities by family social class. These childhood health disadvantages, if not substantially improved, compound to even larger adult inequalities. To examine the role of national work–family reconciliation in children’s health, we merge country-level policy data with 2006 and 2010 World Health Organization child-level data on mental and physical well-being and family economic disadvantage. Based on adjusted estimates, we find greatly narrowed disparities in children’s self-rated health as work flexibility and vacation-sick leave mandates become more generous. However, cash transfer policies, including family benefits spending and childcare costs, were not associated with the size of children’s health disparities. Taken together, our results suggest the distinctive value of better work–family accommodations, rather than any generic cash allowances, for lessening family-based inequalities in children’s health and human capital development.
Rest-activity rhythms and white matter microstructure across the lifespan
Authors: McMahon Megan , Malneedi Yoshita , Worthy Darrell A , Schnyer David M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
The purpose of this study was to examine how rest-activity (RA) rhythm stability may be associated with white matter microstructure across the lifespan in healthy adults free of significant cardiovascular risk.

Methods
We analyzed multi-shell diffusion tensor images from 103 healthy young and older adults using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to examine relationships between white matter microstructure and RA rhythm stability. RA measures were computed using both cosinor and non-parametric methods derived from 7 days of actigraphy data. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were examined in this analysis. Because prior studies have suggested that the corpus callosum (CC) is sensitive to sleep physiology and RA rhythms, we also conducted a focused region of interest analysis on the CC.

Results
Greater rest-activity rhythm stability was associated with greater FA across both young and older adults, primarily in the CC and anterior corona radiata. This effect was not moderated by age group. While RA measures were associated with sleep metrics, RA rhythm measures uniquely accounted for the variance in white matter integrity.

Conclusions
This study strengthens existing evidence for a relationship between brain white matter structure and RA rhythm stability in the absence of health risk factors. While there are differences in RA stability between age groups, the relationship with brain white matter was present across both young and older adults. RA rhythms may be a useful biomarker of brain health across both periods of adult development.
The protective effect of gastrodin against the synergistic effect of HIV-Tat protein and METH on the blood–brain barrier via glucose transporter 1 and glucose transporter 3
Authors: Li Juan , Huang Jian , He Yongwang , Wang Wenguang , Leung Chi-Kwan , Zhang Dongxian , Zhang Ruilin , Wang Shangwen , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Liu , Zeng Xiaofeng , Li Zhen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are also afflicted with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs). Methamphetamine (METH) abuse puts HIV-1 patients at risk for HANDs because METH and HIV-1 proteins, such as trans-activator of transcription (Tat), can synergistically damage the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, the underlying mechanism of METH- and HIV-Tat-induced BBB damage remains unclear. In this study, male adult tree shrews and human brain capillary endothelial cells were treated with HIV-Tat, METH, and gastrodin. We used western blotting to examine the expressions of glucose transporters (GLUT1 and GLUT3), tight junctions, and junctional adhesion molecule A (JAMA) and to evaluate the damage and detect Evans blue (EB) and fluorescein sodium in the brain to assess BBB permeability to study the effect of METH and the HIV-1 Tat protein on BBB function in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the group treated with Tat and METH experienced a significant change at the ultrastructural level of the tree shrew cerebral cortex, decreased protein levels of occluding, claudin-5, Zonula occludens 1 (ZO1), and JAMA in vitro and in vivo, and increased levels of EB and fluorescein sodium in the tree shrew cerebral cortex. The protein levels of GLUT1 and GLUT3 was downregulated in patients with Tat- and METH-induced BBB damage. Pretreatment with gastrodin significantly increased the levels of EB and fluorescein sodium in the tree shrew cerebral cortex and increased the expressions of occluding, ZO1, JAMA, and GLUT1 and GLUT. These results indicate that gastrodin may offer a potential therapeutic option for patients with HANDs.
Biomarkers and the Prediction of Adverse Outcomes in Preeclampsia
Authors: Lim Sean , Li Wentao , Kemper Jessica , Nguyen Andrew , Mol Ben Willem , Reddy Maya 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To systematically review the performance of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF), and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in predicting adverse outcomes in women with preeclampsia.

DATA SOURCES:
We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Emcare databases from 1989 to March 2019 to identify studies correlating sFlt-1, PlGF, and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio with the occurrence of adverse outcomes in women with preeclampsia.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
Two independent reviewers screened 3,194 studies using Covidence. Studies were included if they examined the performance of sFLT-1, PlGF, or the sFLT-1/PlGF ratio in predicting adverse outcomes in women with suspected or confirmed preeclampsia.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
We extracted contingency tables with true-positive, false-positive, true-negative, and false-negative results. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratios, and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (area sROC) through a bivariate mixed-effects meta-analysis. Our literature search identified 3,194 articles, of which 33 (n=9,426 patients) were included. There was significant variation in the included studies with regard to the biomarkers and outcomes assessed. As such, few studies (n=4–8) were included in the meta-analysis component with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2=33–99). Nonetheless, both PlGF and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio demonstrated area sROC values between 0.68 and 0.87 for the prediction of composite adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, preterm birth and fetal growth restriction.

CONCLUSION:
Placental growth factor and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio show prognostic promise for adverse outcomes in preeclampsia, but study heterogeneity limits their clinical utility.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:
PROSPERO, CRD42019136207.
Fetal Head Station at Second-Stage Dystocia and Subsequent Trial of Labor After Cesarean Delivery Success Rate
Authors: Rottenstreich Amihai , Meyer Raanan , Rottenstreich Misgav , Elami Matan , Lewkowicz Aya , Yagel Simcha , Tsur Abraham , Rosenbloom Joshua I. , Yagel Itay , Yinon Yoav , Levin Gabriel 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate whether fetal head station at the index cesarean delivery is associated with a subsequent trial of labor success rate among primiparous women.

METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study conducted at two tertiary medical centers included all primiparous women with subsequent delivery after cesarean delivery for second-stage dystocia during 2009–2019, identified from the electronic medical record databases. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with successful trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) (primary outcome). Additionally, all women with failed TOLAC were matched one-to-one to women with successful TOLAC, according to factors identified in the univariate analysis.

RESULTS:
Of 481 primiparous women with prior cesarean delivery for second-stage dystocia, 64.4% (n=310) attempted TOLAC, and 222 (71.6%) successfully delivered vaginally. The rate of successful TOLAC was significantly higher in those with fetal head station below the ischial spines at the index cesarean delivery, as compared with those with higher head station (79.0% vs 60.5%, odds ratio [OR] 2.46, 95% CI 1.49–4.08). The proportion of neonates weighing more than 3,500 g in the subsequent delivery was lower in those with successful TOLAC compared with failed TOLAC (29.7% vs 43.2%, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33–0.93). In a multivariable analysis, lower fetal head station at the index cesarean delivery was the only independent factor associated with TOLAC success (adjusted OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.43–3.96). Matching all women with failed TOLAC one-to-one to women with successful TOLAC, according to birth weight and second-stage duration at the subsequent delivery, lower fetal head station at the index cesarean delivery remained the only factor associated with successful TOLAC.

CONCLUSION:
Lower fetal head station at the index cesarean delivery for second-stage dystocia was independently associated with a higher vaginal birth after cesarean rate, with an overall acceptable success rate. These findings should improve patient counseling and reassure those who wish to deliver vaginally after prior second-stage arrest.
Recreational Cannabis Use Before and After Legalization in Women With Pelvic Pain
Authors: Geoffrion Roxana , Yang Emily C. , Koenig Nicole A. , Brotto Lori A. , Barr Alasdair M. , Lee Terry , Allaire Catherine , Bedaiwy Mohamed A. , Yong Paul J. 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of recreational cannabis use in women with pelvic pain, and to examine the influence of cannabis legalization on these parameters.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective registry of women with self-reported moderate-to-severe pelvic pain referred to a tertiary care clinic in Vancouver, Canada, 2013–2019. We excluded patients aged 18 years or younger and those with unknown data on cannabis use. Demographic, clinical, and validated questionnaire data were extracted for two main analyses: 1) comparison of current cannabis users with current nonusers, and 2) comparison of current cannabis users who entered the registry before cannabis legalization (October 17, 2018) with those who entered the registry on or after legalization.

RESULTS:
Overall, 14.9% (509/3,426) of patients were classified as current cannabis users. Compared with nonusers, cannabis users were younger (P<.001), had lower levels of education (P<.001) and lower household income (P<.001), were taking opioids (P<.001), antiinflammatories (P=.003), neuromodulators (P=.020), and herbal medications (P<.001) more frequently. They had worse questionnaire scores for depression, anxiety, pain catastrophizing, quality of life, and pelvic pain severity (P<.001 for all). After cannabis legalization, prevalence of current cannabis use increased from 13.3% (366/2,760) to 21.5% (143/666) (P<.001). Compared with prelegalization, postlegalization users were associated with higher levels of education (P<.001), worse anxiety (P=.036), and worse pain catastrophizing (P<.001) scores. They were taking fewer antiinflammatories (P<.001), neuroleptics (P=.027) and daily opioids or narcotics (P=.026), but more herbal medications (P=.010).

CONCLUSION:
Recreational cannabis use increased among patients with pelvic pain after legalization in Canada. Cannabis users had worse pain-related morbidities. Postlegalization, cannabis users were less likely to require daily opioids compared with cannabis users before legalization. The role, perceived benefits, and possible risks of cannabis for pelvic pain require further investigation.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02911090.
Long-term Patient Perception Following Surgery for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis if Dissatisfied at 2-year Follow-up
Authors: Hughes Jessica , Yaszay Burt , Bastrom Tracey P. , Bartley Carrie E. , Parent Stefan , Cahill Patrick J. , Lonner Baron , Shah Suken A. , Samdani Amer , Newton Peter O. 
Published: December 2020

Study Design.
Longitudinal.

Objectives.
To evaluate whether the rate of patients who report low health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores at 2 years following surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) improves by 5 years postoperatively.

Summary of Background Data.
HRQOL scores are dependent upon a number of factors and even in instances of good surgical correction of a spinal deformity, are not guaranteed to be high postoperatively. Understanding how a low HRQOL score varies over the postoperative period can help surgeons more effectively counsel patients and temper expectations.

Methods.
A multicenter database was reviewed for patients with both 2 and 5-year follow-up after spinal fusion and instrumentation for AIS. From a cohort of 916 patients, 52 patients with low HRQOL scores at their 2-year follow-up were identified and reevaluated at 5-year follow-up. A low HRQOL outcome was defined as having SRS-22 domain or total scores less than 2 standard deviations below the mean score. Reoperations were also evaluated to determine if they were associated with HRQOL scores.

Results.
Of those patients with low SRS-22 HRQOL scores at 2 years postoperatively, improvements were seen in all SRS-22 domains and total scores at the 5-year time point. The greatest change was seen in the satisfaction category where 41 patients showed improvement. The rate of reoperations during this period did not significantly impact patient-reported outcomes.

Conclusions.
Having a low HRQOL score 2 years after surgery for AIS does not guarantee a low score 5 years after surgery. Promisingly, most patients demonstrate some improvement in all domains for patient-reported SRS-22 scores at 5-year compared to 2-year follow-up. Understanding the longer term postoperative evolution in patient-reported outcomes may help surgeons to effectively manage and counsel patients who are dissatisfied in the short term.

Level of Evidence: 3
Simulation of Implant Impingement After Spinal Corrective Fusion Surgery in Patients with Previous Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Yamato Yu , Furuhashi Hiroki , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Yoshida Go , Yasuda Tatsuya , Banno Tomohiro , Oe Shin , Arima Hideyuki , Shimizu Yuta , Hoshino Hironobu , Matsuyama Yukihiro 
Published: December 2020

Study Design.
A retrospective case series.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to introduce the prevention of total hip arthroplasty (THA) dislocation using an implant impingement simulation after spinal corrective fusion and to verify the outcomes.

Summary of Background Data.
A high dislocation rate was found among patients who underwent spinal deformity corrective fusion with previous THA. To avoid dislocation, an appropriate position of the stem and cup is important, but the pelvic inclination may change after corrective fusion for spinal deformity.

Methods.
Twelve consecutive patients (two men, 10 women; average age, 72.1 [range, 55–81] years during spine surgery) with previous THA were included. Data were retrospectively retrieved from a single-center's prospectively collected database of adult spinal deformity operation. Before surgery, anterior implant impingement simulation in THA was performed using computed tomography-based software. The tolerable pelvic tilt (PT) in which the anterior implant impingement occurred in the hip at the 120° flexion position was measured. The lumbar lordosis angle was deliberately reduced during spinal surgery according to the tolerable PT. The effect of the implant impingement simulation was verified by comparison with patients who underwent surgery before simulation (before 2014).

Results.
THA dislocation occurred in six patients: four of five (80%) in the non-simulation, and two of seven (28.6%) in the simulation group. The difference between the preoperative and tolerable PT angles was−25° to 33°, and three patients had negative angles. In these three patients, the risk of anterior impingement and THA dislocation significantly increased with correction of lumbar lordosis if the PT was anterior. Two patients experienced repeated THA dislocation with postoperative and tolerable PT angle differences of 2° and −23°

Conclusion.
Our simulation of anterior implant impingement and subsequent adjustment of the degree of spinal correction was useful to prevent dislocation. However, this method did not prevent dislocation in some patients.

Level of Evidence: 4
Metabolic dysfunction modifies the influence of traffic-related air pollution and noise exposure on late-life dementia and cognitive impairment
Authors: Yu Yu , Haan Mary , Paul Kimberly C. , Mayeda Elizabeth Rose , Jerrett Michael , Wu Jun , Lee Eunice , Su Jason , Shih I-Fan , Inoue Kosuke , Ritz Beate R 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Cognitive impairment has been linked to traffic-related air pollution and noise exposure as well as to metabolic syndrome or some of its individual components. Here, we investigate whether the presence of metabolic dysfunction modifies associations between air pollution or noise exposures and incident dementia or cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND).

Methods:
For 1,612 elderly Mexican-American participants of the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA) followed for up to 10 years, we estimated residential-based local traffic-related exposures relying on the California Line Source Dispersion Model version 4 (CALINE4) for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the SoundPLAN software package (Version 8.0; NAVCON, Fullerton, CA) that implements the Federal Highway Administration Traffic Noise Model (TNM) for noise, respectively. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the joint effects of NOx or noise exposures and obesity, hyperglycemia, or low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.

Results:
The risk of developing dementia/CIND among participants with hyperglycemia who also were exposed to high levels of NOx (≥3.44 parts per billion [ppb] [75th percentile]) or noise (≥65 dB) was 2.4 (1.4, 4.0) and 2.2 (1.7, 3.9), respectively. For participants with low HDL-cholesterol, the estimated hazard ratios for dementia/CIND were 2.5 (1.4, 4.3) and 1.8 (1.0, 3.0) for those also exposed to high levels of NOx (≥3.44 ppb) or noise (≥65 dB), respectively, compared with those without metabolic dysfunction exposed to low traffic-related air pollution or noise levels.

Conclusions:
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution or noise most strongly increases the risk of dementia/CIND among older Mexican-Americans living in California who also exhibit hyperglycemia or low HDL-cholesterol.