bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of benthic macroinvertebrates to different hydropower off‐stream diversion schemes
Authors: Quadroni Silvia , Salmaso Francesca , Gentili Gaetano , Crosa Giuseppe , Espa Paolo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite significant advancement in environmental flow science, the release of minimum flows (MFs) still represents one of the main measures globally adopted to mitigate off‐stream diversion in regulated rivers. In the Lake Como basin (Italy), we monitored water‐depleted reaches below hydropower reservoirs and intakes and reaches unimpacted by water withdrawal. Our aim was to verify if the gradient in streamflow alterations resulted in detectable differences in the structure and functions of benthic assemblages, possibly identifying streamflow metrics explaining the observed differences. The macroinvertebrate assemblages sampled below reservoirs showed significant differences from those from unimpacted reaches, including the reduced relative richness of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (mainly stoneflies) and the higher abundance and richness of dipterans. These differences were well explained by the corresponding streamflow pattern, characterized by a rather constant flow throughout the year, occasionally interrupted by sharp peaks related to spilling episodes. In contrast, the shift from unimpacted conditions was minor for benthic assemblages collected at reaches below intakes, where the seasonal streamflow variation was partly preserved. Our results suggest that an increase of the e‐flow released by hydropower dams during the seasons characterized by larger run‐offs could support improved benthic assemblages. Dewatered river sections below reservoirs could thus be prioritized for updating the current MF management, in the study area as well as in comparable contexts. At least to our knowledge, specific investigations are so far unavailable regarding the exploration of the different responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to intakes and reservoirs operations.
Non‐cardiac biopsy sites with high frequency of transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Dasari Surendra , Dispenzieri Angela , Mansour Shareef , Muppa Prasuna , Kurtin Paul J. , Theis Jason D. , Vrana Julie A. , Grogan Martha , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Gertz Morie A. , McPhail Ellen D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsCardiac scintigraphy, a non‐invasive technique for diagnosing ATTR cardiac amyloidosis, lacks specificity in patients with concomitant monoclonal gammopathy (up to 40% of cases). For these patients, amyloid type is often established by endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), which has clinical risk. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of ATTR in amyloid‐positive tendon/synovium, urinary bladder, and prostate biopsies, sites for which prior biopsy specimens might exist for patients suspected of having cardiac amyloidosis, and, when available, determine the amyloid type concordance rate with other anatomic sites and provide clinical data regarding subsequent development of cardiac amyloidosis.Methods and resultsWe queried our reference laboratory database of 19,298 amyloid specimens from myriad anatomic sites typed by mass spectrometry‐based proteomics (LC‐MS/MS) to investigate the frequency of ATTR amyloid in tendon/synovium, urinary bladder, and prostate. The amyloid type was ATTR in 104/138 (75.4%) tendon/synovium, 173/453 (38.0%) urinary bladder, and 27/81 (33.3%) prostate samples. Of 62 patients with available clinical data, 12 (19%) had bona fide ATTR cardiac amyloidosis prior to/concomitant with the non‐cardiac site biopsy. Of the remaining 14 with follow‐up, 8 developed bona fide and 2 probable cardiac amyloidosis; at last follow‐up 4 had no evidence of cardiac amyloidosis. Fourteen of 16 patients (87.5%) for whom we typed both non‐cardiac and cardiac sites had concordant amyloid types. There were 2 discordant cases (prostate = ASem1/heart = AL and urinary bladder = AL/heart = ATTR); only the latter is potentially clinically consequential.ConclusionsIn patients suspected of having cardiac amyloidosis based on cardiac scintigraphy, LC‐MS/MS typing of Congophilic deposits in pre‐existing biopsy specimens from non‐cardiac sites may help establish the cardiac amyloid type, obviating the need for EMB. However, if the amyloid type identified in the non‐cardiac site is not in keeping with other clinical features, then EMB for typing the cardiac amyloid might be indicated.
Microbial biotransformation of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (PCR) by Aspergillus niger and effects on antioxidant activity
Authors: Wang Fu , Chen Lin , Chen Shiwei , Chen Hongping , Liu Youping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPericarpium Citri Reticulatae (PCR), the mature fruit peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its different cultivars, is an important citrus by‐product with beneficial health and nutritive properties. However, due to the lack of value‐added methods for its development and utilization, a large amount of PCR is discarded or wasted. To explore a possibly more effective method to utilize PCR, we compared the chemical and biological differences before (CK) and after (CP) microbial transformation of PCR by Aspergillus niger. UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS, HPLC, and LC‐MS methods were used to compare the chemical profiles of CK and CP. The results demonstrated that microbial biotransformation by A. niger could transform flavonoid compounds by utilizing the carbohydrate and amino acid nutrients in PCR. This could also promote the accumulation of polyhydroxyflavones compounds in CP. The antioxidant assay demonstrated that CP had significantly greater free radical‐scavenging activity than CK. The higher antioxidant activity of CP may result from the high level of flavonoids with associated phenolic hydroxyl groups. Microbial biotransformation is an effective method for improving the antioxidant capacity of PCR and may be effective and useful in other natural product situations.
Confidentiality and treatment refusal: Conservative shifts on reproductive rights by Brazilian medical boards
Authors: Cesario Alvim Gomes Juliana , Figueira Mendes Corina Helena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBrazil has witnessed a conservative shift in recent years, reflected in setbacks in the field of reproductive rights. Commentators have drawn attention to changes in public policies and legislation that follow this shift. However, due attention has not been paid to changes in the professional standards regulating medical practice and their subsequent consequences for reproductive rights. Against this backdrop, this article examines two recent resolutions enacted by Brazilian medical boards, which violate ethical duties and the law. The first imposes a duty for doctors to disclose confidential medical information about their patients in sexual abuse cases. The second one determines that a pregnant woman's right to refuse medical treatment should be evaluated considering the fetus. This article argues that conservative setbacks operate not only through visible means, such as enacted legislation, but also furtively ‐ through professional medical resolutions. It also asserts that, in such a context, the debate about women's bodily autonomy shifts once again from the human rights ground to the medical field, where it has traditionally been subjected to control and coercion. Finally, it points out the risk that these rules might be used to legitimize new conservative laws and public policies.
Adherence rates to a prediction tool identifying women with an increased gestational diabetes risk: An implementation study
Authors: van Montfort Pim , Scheepers Hubertina C. J. , van Dooren Ivo M. A. , Meertens Linda J. E. , Wynants Laure , Zelis Maartje , Zwaan Iris M. , Spaanderman Marc E. A. , Smits Luc J. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe best screening strategy for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains a topic of debate. Several organizations made a statement in favor of universal screening, but the volume of oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) required may burden healthcare systems. As a result, many countries still rely on selective screening using a checklist of risk factors, but reported diagnostic characteristics vary. Moreover, women's discomfort due to an OGTT is often neglected. Since 2017, obstetric healthcare professionals in a Dutch region assessed women's GDM risk with a prediction model and counseled those with an increased risk regarding an OGTT.MethodsFrom 2017 to 2018, 865 women were recruited in a multicenter prospective cohort.ResultsIn total, 385 women (48%) had an increased predicted GDM risk. Of all women, 78% reported that their healthcare professional discussed their GDM risk. Predicted GDM risks were positively correlated with conducting an OGTT.ConclusionImplementation of a GDM prediction model resulted in moderate rates of OGTTs performed in general, but high rates in high‐risk women. As 25% of women experienced discomfort from the OGTT, a selective screening strategy based on a prediction model with a high detection rate may be an interesting alternative to universal screening.Study cohort registrationNetherlands Trial Register: NTR4143; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=4143.
Reimagining Literacy Assessment through a New Literacies Lens
Authors: Forzani Elena , Corrigan Julie A. , Slomp David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiscussions about literacy assessment can often be polarizing for teachers, school administrators, and other stakeholders. Given the diverse and often charged perspectives on assessment within both the profession and the broader public discourse, it can be difficult to engage in productive dialogue about the role that literacy assessment plays in promoting or inhibiting effective models of literacy education. This department provides perspectives, questions, and research that enables readers to better advocate for themselves and their students as they develop their own assessment programs and respond to assessment programs that are imposed on them.
Salivary and serum oxidative stress biomarkers and advanced glycation end products in periodontitis patients with or without diabetes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Altıngöz Sema Merve , Kurgan Şivge , Önder Canan , Serdar Muhittin A. , Ünlütürk Uğur , Uyanık Metin , Başkal Nilgün , Tatakis Dimitris N. , Günhan Meral 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon‐invasive methods for periodontitis diagnosis would be a clinically important tool. This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the association between oxidative stress, glycation, and inflammation markers and periodontal clinical parameters in periodontitis and periodontally healthy patients with type 2 diabetes and corresponding systemically healthy controls.MethodsSixty‐seven periodontally healthy (DM‐H, n = 32) and periodontitis (DM‐P, n = 35) patients with type 2 diabetes, and 54 systemically healthy periodontitis (H‐P, n = 26) and periodontally healthy (H‐H, n = 28) controls were included. Clinical periodontal parameters, body mass index, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), along with saliva and serum 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (4‐HNE), advanced glycation end products (AGE), AGE receptor (RAGE) and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were recorded and analyzed.ResultsSalivary 8‐OHdG levels were significantly higher in periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy patients, regardless of systemic status (P < 0.001). Salivary MDA levels were significantly higher in all disease groups compared to H‐H group (P≤ 0.004). Serum AGE levels were significantly higher in diabetic groups than systemically healthy groups (P < 0.001) and in H‐Pcompared to H‐H (P < 0.001). Bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment level (CAL) strongly correlated with salivary 8‐OHdG and serum hsCRP (P < 0.001). In systemically healthy patients, salivary 8‐OHdG was the most accurate marker to differentiate periodontitis from controls (AUC = 0.84). In diabetics salivary 4‐HNE and RAGE were the most accurate (AUC = 0.85 for both).ConclusionSalivary 8‐OHdG alone or in combination with 4‐HNE, AGE and RAGE for diabetics, and salivary 8‐OHdG alone or in combination with MDA and hsCRP for systemically healthy persons, could potentially serve as non‐invasive screening marker(s) of periodontitis.
Seeking to Understand the Conditions Under Which Exposure‐Based Writing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is an Effective Approach: A Commentary on Dawson et al. (2020)
Authors: Thompson‐Hollands Johanna , Sloan Denise M. , Marx Brian P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExposure‐based writing interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have shown promise when compared with waitlist conditions, placebo writing control conditions, and evidence‐based, trauma‐focused treatments. Recently, Dawson et al. (2020) conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine existing published randomized controlled trials investigating exposure‐based writing interventions. The findings were encouraging; however, the studies included in the meta‐analysis had a high degree of methodological heterogeneity. Our own work examining exposure‐based writing as an intervention for PTSD has demonstrated that methodological differences in the structure of exposure‐based writing can have a meaningful impact on treatment outcome. Accordingly, we urge caution in interpreting the meta‐analysis findings reported by Dawson and colleagues and encourage investigation into better understanding the mechanisms underlying exposure‐based writing interventions to further propel this important area of work.
Accuracy and Completion Rate of the Fetal Anatomic Survey in the Super Obese Parturient
Authors: Simmons Pamela M. , Wendel Michael P. , Whittington Julie R. , San Miguel Kelly , Ounpraseuth Songthip T. , Magann Everett F. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the completion rate of ultrasound in with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 50 to women with BMI 18.5 to 29.9.Study DesignThis study was a retrospective cohort study. Women with a singleton pregnancy, age 18 to 45 with a BMI ≥50 that delivered between 2013–2016 were compared to women with a BMI 18.5 to 29.9 during that same time period to assess the accuracy and, as a second aim, the completion rate of the fetal anatomic survey. Data were analyzed using two‐sample t test, chi‐square test, or logistic regression as appropriate.ResultsEighty‐one cases with a BMI ≥50 were compared with 81 patients with a BMI 18.5 to 29.9. Maternal demographics and timing (gestational age) at the time of the ultrasound were similar between groups. In women with a BMI 18.5 to 29.9, completion of anatomy was 58% of the time with the first ultrasound, 81% with second ultrasound, and 84% with the third ultrasound. In women with BMI ≥50, completion of anatomy was 10% of the time with the first ultrasound, 33% with the second ultrasound, and 42% with the third ultrasound. Each time frame was statistically significant. Agreement level on the accuracy to detect fetal anomalies between groups were not statistically significant between the groups.ConclusionIn women with a BMI ≥50 compared to women with BMI of 18.8 to 29.9, more ultrasounds are needed to complete the anatomic survey although overall accuracy in fetal anomaly detection is similar.
Substrate integrated waveguide E‐plane tapering in low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic
Authors: Haarla Jaakko , Ala‐Laurinaho Juha , Lahti Markku , Viikari Ville 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis letter discusses the design, manufacture, and characterization of a substrate‐integrated waveguide E‐plane tapering. The tapering facilitates the integration of two waveguides with varying heights for, that is, conductor‐backed coplanar waveguide to rectangular waveguide integration. A simultaneous top‐ and bottom‐sided, λ/4‐based stepped tapering for the 71–86 GHz band is designed using low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic technology. The fabricated design is measured using two E‐plane taperings in back‐to‐back configuration. The reflection coefficient better than −11.8 dB, and the transmission coefficient larger than −1.4 dB at the full 71–86‐GHz range for a single tapering is extracted from the measurement using time‐gating.
An evaluation of MRI lumbar spine scans within a community‐based diagnostic setting
Authors: Hudson Darren , Knapp Karen , Benwell Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith an ongoing move towards more management of patients within the community setting, demand for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasing and commonly used in lower back conditions. There is well recorded overuse of MRI in this scenario which goes against evidence‐based practice and adds to rising healthcare costs.MethodsThe study was a retrospective review of lumbar spine MRI scans performed within a community‐based setting over an 18‐month period. The review took a randomised purposive sample of patients (n = 450); looking at adherence to, and relevance of, guidelines in managing lower back conditions. Data extracted provided information on demographics and prevalence of clinical presentation and report observations.ResultsThere is variation in practice and utlisation of MRI with this patient group which warrants further exploration. Results support inappropriate use, lacking adherence to guidelines and pathways, leading to unnecessary imaging. 46% of referrals were considered clinically justified with 38% of report findings considered abnormal and of clinical relevance. Chi‐square and binomial logistic regression were used to assess the significance and relationship of any factors on referral justification and report outcome. No difference was found between type of referrer, with patient age and leg symptoms being significant factors.ConclusionThe study highlights the opportunity to integrate better referral criteria to improve referral quality, its suitability and the relevance of final reports. In the current climate this would help manage appropriate use of imaging resources during the post COVID‐19 pandemic recovery phase, as well as support recommendations regarding diagnostic reform and a move towards more community‐based diagnostics.
Extended B‐spline‐based implicit material point method
Authors: Yamaguchi Yuya , Moriguchi Shuji , Terada Kenjiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn implicit material point method (MPM) is enhanced by extended B‐splines with the aim of achieving numerical stability and properly imposing boundary conditions. The standard B‐spline basis functions capable of suppressing the cell‐crossing error are used for the approximation over the domain, whereas extended B‐splines (EBS) are active for boundary cells, each of which is occupied by a small physical domain. The basis consisting of EBS plays a central role to avoid both stress oscillation arising from inaccurate numerical integration and ill‐conditioning of their resulting tangent matrices, both of which are caused by the boundary cells containing smaller number of material points than interior ones. Besides the standard material points for the interior region, boundary points are introduced to explicitly represent the boundary geometries and their movements, and to weakly impose an arbitrary boundary condition with the Nitsche's method. The Nitsche's terms in the linearized weak form are decomposed into normal and tangential directions to deal with both slip and nonslip boundary conditions. Four case studies are made to demonstrate the performance and capability of the proposed method, named EBS‐MPM, in stably solving the quasi‐static equilibrium problems for hyperelastic bodies and properly applying arbitrary boundary conditions.
Maternal GDM Status, Genetically Determined Blood Glucose, and Offspring Obesity Risk: An Observational Study
Authors: Song Qiying , Wang Leishen , Liu Huikun , Liang Zhaoxia , Chen Yuhang , Sun Dianjianyi , Li Weiqin , Leng Junhong , Yang Xilin , Cardoso Marly Augusto , Hu Gang , Qi Lu 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to estimate the associations of genetically determined maternal blood glucose levels with obesity‐related outcomes among children from pregnancies with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsA total of 1,114 mothers with (N = 560) and without (N = 554) GDM and their children were included in the present study. A maternal genetic risk score (GRS) for blood glucose was constructed on the basis of 17 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms identified from a recent genome‐wide association study.ResultsIt was found that maternal GRS for blood glucose showed different associations with offspring risk of overweight and obesity, as well as adiposity measures (all P for interaction < 0.05). Among mothers without GDM, genetically determined maternal blood glucose levels were associated with an 89% higher risk of overweight in their children (95% CI: 42%‐152% per SD increase in GRS, P = 1.40 × 10−5) and a 120% higher risk of obesity (44%‐235%, P = 2.61 × 10−4) after adjustment for covariates. In addition, higher maternal GRS for blood glucose was associated with children's increased obesity‐related traits (all P < 0.05). However, no significant associations were observed among children of mothers with GDM.ConclusionsThis study indicates that GDM status may modify the relation between genetically determined glucose levels and obesity risk among children.
Tribo‐mechanical properties of composites based on polyoxymethylene reinforced with basalt fiber andsilicon carbidewhiskers
Authors: Bazan Patrycja , Nykiel Marek , Kuciel Stanisław 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the hybrid reinforcement of polyoxymethylene composites. Basalt fibers and monocrystalline silicon carbide fibers were used as reinforcement. Basic tests of mechanical properties were carried out, such as the static tensile and flexural test. The tests were repeated under external factors, such as the influence of water aging and a wide range of exploitation temperatures. The materials were also subjected to tribological tests, that is, determination of the friction coefficient and the specific wear rate. Strength tests revealed an increase in the stiffness of the material as well as a reduction the friction coefficient and abrasive wear. The addition of monocrystalline fibers significantly limited water absorption, stabilized the strength properties in the water environment as well as provided better material's resistance to dynamic impact.
Facile synthesis of highly porous hyper‐cross‐linked polymer for light hydrocarbon separation
Authors: Chen Jinghu , Jiang Lingchang , Li Chengyun , Fu Wenying , Xia Qineng , Wang Yangang , Huang Yuandong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLight hydrocarbon separation is a crucial process associated with high energy expenditure in the petrochemical industry. The utilization of porous organic materials as solid porous adsorbents for light hydrocarbon separation has found widespread attention because of the advantages of low cost, excellent stability, and good recyclability. Here, we present the facile synthesis of a porous organic material, constructed from pyridine‐triphenylborane by using a Friedel‐Crafts alkylation coupling reaction, affording the hyper‐cross‐linked polymer, HCP‐B. HCP‐B features significant thermal stability, and high surface area. Gas adsorption experiments show that this material adsorbs much larger amounts of ethane, ethylene, and acetylene than that of methane. Ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) calculations also predict that HCP‐B selectively adsorbs ethane, ethylene, and acetylene over methane. Both are indicative of the great potential of HCP‐B in light hydrocarbon separation.