bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Fixation of the Capitellar Fragment in Distal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Wright David J. , Patel Nilay , McGarry Michelle H. , Lee Thay Q. , Scolaro John A. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
To determine if orthogonal or parallel plate position provides superior fixation of the separate capitellar fragment often present in intra-articular distal humerus fractures. We hypothesized that orthogonal plating would provide stiffer fixation given a greater number of opportunities for capitellar fixation and screw trajectories perpendicular to the fracture plane offered by a posterolateral plate compared with a parallel plate construct.

Methods:
Ten matched pairs of cadaveric distal humeri were used to compare parallel and orthogonal plating in a fracture gap model with an isolated capitellar fragment. The capitellum was loaded in 20 degrees of flexion using a cyclic, ramp-loading protocol. Fracture displacement was measured using video tracking software. The primary outcome was axial stiffness for each construct. Secondary outcomes included maximum axial and angular fracture displacement.

Results:
The parallel plate construct was more than twice as stiff as the orthogonal plate construct averaged across all loads (1464.8 ± 224.0 N/mm vs. 526.3 ± 90.8 N/mm, P < 0.001). Average axial fracture displacement was 0.15 ± 0.03 mm versus 0.53 ± 0.10 mm for parallel versus orthogonal plating, respectively (P = 0.003). Angular fracture displacement was minimal for both constructs (0.009 ± 0.001 degrees vs. 0.028 ± 0.006 degrees for parallel vs. orthogonal constructs).

Conclusions:
Despite fewer points of fixation, a parallel plate construct provided stiffer fixation with less displacement of the simulated capitellar fracture fragment than an orthogonal plate construct in this biomechanical study. In the setting of an articular fracture, in which absolute stability and primary bone healing are desirable, parallel fixation should be considered even in fractures with a separate capitellar fragment if the size of fragment and fracture orientation allows.
The Use of Time to Pregnancy for Estimating and Monitoring Human Fecundity From Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Keiding Niels , Ali Mohamed M. , Eriksson Frank , Matsaseng Thabo , Toskin Igor , Kiarie James 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Available studies on the prevalence of infertility have proved to have certain limitations, with a scarcity of population-based studies and inconsistent reporting from surveys in countries at all income levels. We wanted to test the applicability of the current duration approach to data from the important Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program, funded by USAID since its inception in 1985, https://dhsprogram.com/.

Methods:
The current duration approach assumes that there is a well-defined time of initiation of attempts to get pregnant and defines the current duration of a still ongoing pregnancy attempt as the time interval from initiation to interview. The DHS interviews do not have an explicit question about initiation. We focused on nullipari and substituted date of “establishment of relationship with current partner” for initiation. Our study used the current duration approach on 15 datasets from DHS during 2002–2016 in eight different countries from sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

Results:
Well-established statistical techniques for current duration data yielded results that for some countries postulated surprisingly long median times to pregnancy and surprisingly high estimates of infertility prevalence. Further study of the data structures revealed serious deviations from expected patterns, in contrast to our earlier experience from surveys in France and the United States where participants were asked explicitly about time of initiation of attempts to become pregnant.

Conclusions:
Using cohabitation as a proxy for the initiation of attempts to get pregnant is too crude. Using the current duration approach with DHS data will require more explicit questions during the DHS interviews about initiation of pregnancy attempt.
Development of an Age-corrected Normative Database for Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry (SVOP)
Authors: Tatham Andrew J. , McClean Pam , Murray Ian C. , McTrusty Alice D. , Cameron Lorraine A. , Perperidis Antonios , Brash Harry M. , Fleck Brian W. , Minns Robert A. 
Published: November 2020

Precis:
Normal age-corrected threshold sensitivity values were determined for a new eye tracking perimeter and compared with standard automated perimetry (SAP).

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine threshold visual field sensitivities in normal subjects performing saccadic vector optokinetic perimetry (SVOP), a new eye tracking perimeter.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 113 healthy participants performed SVOP and SAP in both eyes with the order of testing randomized. The relationship between SAP and SVOP sensitivity was examined using Bland-Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement. The relationship between sensitivity and age was examined by pointwise linear regression and age-corrected normal threshold sensitivities were calculated.

Results:
After excluding unreliable tests, 97 participants with a mean age of 65.9±10.1 years were included. Average SAP mean deviation was −0.87±1.56 dB, SAP sensitivity was 29.20±1.68 dB and SVOP sensitivity was 32.18±1.96 dB. SVOP had a longer test duration (431±110 compared with 307±42 seconds for SAP, P<0.001). On average, the mean sensitivity obtained using SVOP was 2.98 dB higher than average SAP sensitivity, with 95% limits of agreement of −0.11 to 6.15 dB. For each decade older, SAP sensitivity decreased by 0.93 dB (95% confidence interval: 1.21 to 0.64) and SVOP sensitivity decreased by 1.15 dB (95% confidence interval: 1.47 to 0.84).

Conclusions:
The results provide age-corrected normative values for threshold sensitivities from SVOP. Overall, SVOP provided a similar shaped hill of vision as SAP however threshold sensitivities were higher, meaning results are not interchangeable.
Precipitating Factors Related to the Formation of Grandfamilies
Authors: Joseph Rachel , Goodrich Cindy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The physical and emotional absence of parents persuades grandparents to assume responsibility for their grandchildren. Several reasons exist for this situation including parent absenteeism secondary to drug use. An increase in deaths associated with substance/drug use, despite regulations, indicates a growing trend toward grandfamilies. Such social and family dynamics have consequences for grandparents, children, health care providers, and other members of the health care team. This article examined the literature for the reasons leading to grandfamilies, the consequences, and the nurse's responsibility.
Diagnostic uncertainty in pediatric chronic pain: nature, prevalence, and consequences
Authors: Neville Alexandra , Jordan Abbie , Pincus Tamar , Nania Cara , Schulte Fiona , Yeates Keith Owen , Noel Melanie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Diagnostic uncertainty (DU), which is the perception that a label or explanation for a patient's health problem is missing or inaccurate, has been linked to distress, anxiety, and difficulty coping among adults with pain. This study examined the prevalence of DU among youth with chronic pain and their parents and the relation of parent and youth DU with youth pain, pain-related constructs, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods:
Participants included 174 youth with chronic pain (M

age
= 14.28 years; 73% female) and one of their parents (91% mothers) recruited from a tertiary-level pediatric chronic pain program in Canada. Youth and parent DU was assessed using a brief measure of 3 empirically derived yes/no questions regarding whether the youth and parent had received a clear diagnosis/explanation for their/their child's pain and whether they believed there was something else happening with their/their child's pain that doctors had not yet found. Youth reported on their pain intensity, pain interference, pain catastrophizing, fear of pain, and HRQoL.

Results:
Thirty-one percent of youth and 28% of parents experienced DU. Seventy percent of parents and youth were in agreement regarding their experience of DU. Youth DU was linked to higher youth catastrophic thinking about their pain. Parent DU was linked to greater youth pain interference and intensity and lower youth HRQoL.

Conclusion:
Diagnostic uncertainty is experienced by nearly a third of youth with chronic pain and their parents and is linked to worse youth pain, pain catastrophizing, and HRQoL.
COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test as Screening Strategy at the Points-of-Entry: Experience in Lazio Region, Central Italy, August-October 2020
Authors: Colavita Francesca , Vairo Francesco , Meschi Silvia , Valli Beatrice , Lalle Eleonora , Castilletti Concetta , Fusco Danilo , Spiga Giuseppe , Bartoletti Pierluigi , Ursino Simona , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Di Caro Antonino , Vaia Francesco , Ippolito Giuseppe , Capobianchi Maria Rosaria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic is becoming one of the most dramatic health, social and economic global challenges in recent history. Testing is one of the main components of the public health response to contain the virus spreading. There is an urgent need to expand testing capacity and antigen rapid tests (Ag RDT) represent good candidates for point-of-care and mass surveillance testing to rapidly identify people with SARS-CoV-2 infection, counterbalancing lower sensitivity as compared to the gold standard molecular tests with timeliness of results and possibility of recurred testing. Here, we report preliminary data of the testing algorithm implemented at the points-of-entry (airports and port) in Lazio Region (Central Italy) on travelers arriving between 17th of August to 15th of October, 2020, using the STANDARD F COVID-19 Antigen Fluorescence ImmunoAssay. Our findings show that the probability of molecular confirmation of Ag RDT positive results is directly dependent from the semi-quantitative results of this Ag RDT, and that the molecularly confirmed samples actually harbor infectious virus. These results support the public health strategies based on early screening campaigns in settings where molecular testing is not feasible or easily accessible, using rapid and simple point of care tests, able to rapidly identify those subjects who are at highest risk of spreading SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns reveal clinically relevant predictive and prognostic subtypes in osteosarcoma
Authors: Lietz Christopher E. , Newman Erik T. , Kelly Andrew D. , Lozano-Calderon Santiago A. , Ebb David H. , Raskin Kevin A. , Cote Gregory M. , Choy Edwin , Nielsen G. Petur , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Aryee Martin J. , Spentzos Dimitrios 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundOsteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive malignancy predominantly affecting children and young-adults. Genetic analysis has characterized very few recurrent mutations in OSA, and an improved understanding of interpatient tumor heterogeneity is needed for clinical management.MethodsWe analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation in primary OSA tumors from the NCI Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) program (n = 83) profiled using the Illumina 450K methylation array. We tested if broad genomic methylation predicted outcomes and defined supervised methylomic signatures predictive of Recurrence Free Survival (RFS), Chemotherapy Response (CR), and Metastatic disease at Diagnosis (MetDx). We assessed methylation pattern reproducibility in two independent clinical datasets (n = 28 and 34) and in an in vitro dataset (n = 11). Correlations between genomic methylation and transcription were tested using TARGET RNA-seq data. An in silico pharmacogenomic screen was performed to identify agents for future stratified application.ResultsGenome-wide methylation defined two subgroups. Relatively hypomethylated tumors experienced better chemotherapy response (Odds Ratio = 6.429, Fisher’s p = 0.007), longer RFS (metastatic, median 2.3 vs 26.7 months, localized, median 63.5 vs 104.7 months, stratified log-rank p = 0.006), and Overall Survival (p = 5×10-4) than hypermethylated tumors. Robust genomic methylation signatures predictive of RFS and CR were defined, and the signatures’ methylation patterns were reproducible in the independent clinical and in vitro datasets. The RFS signature was enriched for intragenic sites, whereas the CR signature and clinically relevant genome-wide methylation patterns were enriched for intergenic sites. Normal-tissue-like methylation patterns were associated with poor prognosis and in vitro analysis suggested that the methylation signatures are associated with tumor aggressiveness. Downstream transcriptional analysis revealed that genes annotated to the RFS methylation signature were also predictive survival. The transcriptional program represented in the RFS signature included several critical cellular pathways, whereas the CR signature was associated with much fewer known pathways, possibly reflecting a much broader cellular “methylation state” related to chemoresponse. A pharmacogenomic screen identified potential therapies, including epigenomic modifiers, for future stratified clinical application.ConclusionGenomic methylation offers insight into patient prognosis and could be a useful tool for developing alternate adjuvant therapeutic strategies.
Evaluating recovery, cost, and throughput of different concentration methods for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology
Authors: LaTurner Zachary W. , Zong David M. , Kalvapalle Prashant , Gamas Kiara Reyes , Terwilliger Austen , Crosby Tessa , Ali Priyanka , Avadhanula Vasanthi , Santos Haroldo Hernandez , Weesner Kyle , Hopkins Loren , Piedra Pedro A. , Maresso Anthony W. , Stadler Lauren B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs the COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect communities across the globe, the need to contain the spread of the outbreaks is of paramount importance. Wastewater monitoring of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent responsible for COVID-19, has emerged as a promising tool for health officials to anticipate outbreaks. As interest in wastewater monitoring continues to grow and municipalities begin to implement this approach, there is a need to further identify and evaluate methods used to concentrate SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA from wastewater samples. Here we evaluate the recovery, cost, and throughput of five different concentration methods for quantifying SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA in wastewater samples. We tested the five methods on six different wastewater samples. We also evaluated the use of a bovine coronavirus vaccine as a process control and pepper mild mottle virus as a normalization factor. Of the five methods we tested head-to-head, we found that HA filtration with bead beating performed the best in terms of sensitivity and cost. This evaluation can serve as a guide for laboratories establishing a protocol to perform wastewater monitoring of SARS-CoV-2.HighlightsFive methods for concentrating SARS-CoV-2 RNA from wastewater evaluatedMethod performance characterized via recovery, cost, throughput, and variabilityHA filtration with bead beating had highest recovery for comparatively low costBovine coronavirus, pepper mild mottle virus assessed as possible recovery controls
Evaluation of the accuracy and ease-of-use of Abbott PanBio - A WHO emergency use listed, rapid, antigen-detecting point-of-care diagnostic test forSARS-CoV-2
Authors: Krüger L.J. , Gaeddert M. , Tobian F. , Lainati F. , Gottschalk C. , Klein J.A.F. , Schnitzler P. , Kräusslich H.G. , Nikolai O. , Lindner A.K. , Mockenhaupt F.P. , Seybold J. , Corman V.M. , Drosten C. , Pollock N.R. , Knorr B. , Welker A. , de Vos M. , Sacks J.A. , Denkinger C.M. ,   for the study team
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostics are essential for controlling the pandemic. Identifying a reliable and fast diagnostic is needed to support testing. We assessed performance and ease-of-use of the Abbott PanBio antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT).MethodsThis prospective, multi-centre diagnostic accuracy study enrolled at two sites in Germany. Following routine testing with RT-PCR, a second study-exclusive swab was performed for Ag-RDT testing. Routine swabs were nasopharyngeal (NP) or combined NP/oropharyngeal (OP) whereas the study-exclusive swabs were NP. To evaluate performance, sensitivity and specificity were assessed overall and in predefined sub analyses accordingly to cycle-threshold values, days of symptoms, disease severity and study site. Additionally, an ease-of-use assessment and System Usability Scale (SUS) were performed.Findings1108 participants were enrolled between Sept 28 and Oct 30, 2020. Of these, 106 (9·6%) were PCR-positive. The Abbott PanBio detected 92/106 PCR-positive participants with a sensitivity of 86·8% (95% CI: 79·0% - 92·0%) and a specificity of 99·9% (95% CI: 99·4%-100%). The sub analyses indicated that sensitivity was 95·8% in CT-values <25 and within the first seven days from symptom onset. The test was characterized as easy to use (SUS: 86/100) and considered suitable for point-of- care settings.InterpretationThe Abbott PanBio Ag-RDT performs well forSARS-CoV-2testing in this large manufacturer independent study, confirming its WHO recommendation for Emergency Use in settings with limited resources.FundingThe Foundation of Innovative New Diagnostics supplied the test kits for the study. The internal funds from the Heidelberg University as well as the Charité Berlin supported this study.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on infant and pediatric asthma: a multi-center survey using an administrative database in Japan
Authors: Bun Seiko , Kishimoto Kenji , Shin Jung-ho , Takada Daisuke , Morishita Tetsuji , Kunisawa Susumu , Imanaka Yuichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundLimited data are available on the relationship between infant and pediatric asthma and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19).Political limitations such as school closure may affect the treatment behavior of pediatric asthma. To investigate the trends of treatment behavior in the field of pediatrics during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study using Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) data from the Quality Indicator/Improvement Project (QIP) database. We identified children with asthma aged 15 years or younger who were patients from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020. The main outcome was a comparison between asthma patients’ treatment behavior before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic.We statistically tested the admission volume changes based on the discharge date after adjusting for seasonality through a Fourier term using an interrupted time-series analysis (ITS).ResultsWe identified 10,481 inpatients cases in 67 hospitals and 258,911 out-patients cases in 180 hospitals who were diagnosed with asthma. We performed ITS analysis for inpatients. The reduction in the number of patients during this period was estimated to be 232 (P=0.001). In addition, ITS analysis was performed for patients aged <3 years. The reduced number of patients during this period was estimated to be 155 (P<0.001).ConclusionsWe found that the number of pediatric asthma patients dramatically decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. We need to continue research into the trends of pediatric asthma patients after the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.Key MessagesThere are increasingly available data on the relationship between adults’ asthma and COVID-19. However, in the fields of pediatrics, limited data are available. Patients with moderate to severe asthma who needed hospitalization dramatically decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, doctors prescribed nebulizers more than metered-dose inhalers by the clinical guideline recommendation. Our findings reinforce the value of political inventions, such as school closure reduced the number of asthma attacks in infants and school-age children.
Deconvoluting the T cell response to SARS-CoV-2: specificity versus chance- and cognate cross-reactivity
Authors: Lehmann Alexander A. , Kirchenbaum Greg A. , Zhang Ting , Reche Pedro A. , Lehmann Paul V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infection takes a mild or clinically inapparent course in the majority of humans who contract this virus. After such individuals have cleared the virus, only the detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunological memory can reveal the exposure, and hopefully the establishment of immune protection. With most viral infections, the presence of specific serum antibodies has provided a reliable biomarker for the exposure to the virus of interest. SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, does not reliably induce a durable antibody response, especially in sub-clinically infected individuals. Consequently, it is plausible for a recently infected individual to yield a false negative result within only a few months after exposure. Immunodiagnostic attention has therefore shifted to studies of specific T cell memory to SARS-CoV-2. Most reports published so far agree that a T cell response is engaged during SARS-CoV-2 infection, but they also state that in 20-81% of non-SARS-CoV-2-exposed individuals, T cells respond to SARS-CoV-2 antigens (mega peptide pools), allegedly due to T cell cross-reactivity with coronaviruses causing Common Cold (CCC), or other antigens. Here we show that by introducing irrelevant mega peptide pools as negative controls to account for chance cross-reactivity, and by establishing the antigen dose-response characteristic of the T cells, one can clearly discern between cognate T cell memory induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. cross-reactive T cell responses in individuals who had not been infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Evolutionary drivers of polymorphic sexual signals in slender anoles
Authors: Prates Ivan , D’Angiolella Annelise B. , Rodrigues Miguel T. , Melo-Sampaio Paulo R. , de Queiroz Kevin , Bell Rayna C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhenotypic variation among populations, as seen in the signaling traits of many species, provides an opportunity to test whether similar factors generate shared phenotypic patterns in different parts of a species’ range. We investigate whether genetic divergence, abiotic gradients, and sympatry with closely related species explain variation in the dewlap colors of slender anoles,Anolis fuscoauratus. To this aim, we characterized dewlap diversity in the field, inferred population genetic structure and evolutionary relationships, assessed whether dewlap morphs are associated with climate and landscape variables, and tested for non-random associations in the distribution ofA. fuscoauratusmorphs and sympatricAnolisspecies. We found that dewlap colors vary among but not within sites inA. fuscoauratus. Regional genetic clusters included multiple morphs, while populations with similar dewlaps were often distantly related. Morphs did not segregate in environmental space, suggesting that dewlaps are not locally adapted to abiotic factors. Instead, we found a negative association between certain morphs andAnolisspecies with similar relative dewlap brightness, suggesting that interactions with closely related species promoted dewlap divergence amongA. fuscoauratuspopulations. Slender anoles emerge as a promising system to address questions about parallel trait evolution and the contribution of signaling traits to speciation.