bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of temperature on life histories of three endangered Japanese diving beetle species
Authors: Ohba Shin‐ya , Fukui Mizuki , Terazono Yasuhide , Takada Sho 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo elucidate population‐increasing factors in the diving beetle Cybister tripunctatus lateralis (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) in Japan in recent years, life histories and oviposition patterns were compared among three endangered diving beetle species, Cybister brevis Aubé (qualified by the Japanese Red Data List as ‘near threatened’), Cybister chinensis Motschulsky (vulnerable), and C. tripunctatus lateralis (vulnerable). Oviposition in C. brevis, C. chinensis, and C. tripunctatus lateralis was observed from late April to mid‐June, from late April to early July, and from late May to mid‐August, respectively, under semi‐outdoor conditions. There were no interspecies differences in total hatchling production during the reproductive season. In rearing experiments at various temperatures (20, 23, 25, 28, and 30 °C), the mortality of C. tripunctatus lateralis larvae was higher at 20 °C, and gradually lower with increasing temperature up to 30 °C. Adult body size of females in C. tripunctatus lateralis is larger than that of males but there were no significant differences among temperatures (25–30 °C). Cybister brevis had a higher emergence rate at 23–28 °C than at 20 and 30 °C. In C. brevis, the body size of adults reared at 25 or 28 °C was significantly larger than at other temperatures. Cybister chinensis did not differ in emergence rate and adult body size among the five temperature conditions. The developmental zero (i.e., the lower developmental threshold) from the first instar to adult emergence was 11.1 °C for C. brevis, 8.7 °C for C. chinensis, and 16.8 °C for C. tripunctatus lateralis. We speculate how the influence of global warming may have a positive impact on the growth and survival of C. tripunctatus lateralis.
Antinociception and less gastric injury with the dexketoprofen‐tapentadol combination in mice
Authors: Franco de la‐Torre Lorenzo , Alonso‐Castro Ángel Josabad , Zapata‐Morales Juan Ramón , Rivas‐Carrillo Jorge David , Vidaurrazaga‐Lugo José , Partida‐Castellanos Elsa Maria , Granados‐Soto Vinicio , Isiordia‐Espinoza Mario Alberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive interaction between dexketoprofen and tapentadol in three different dose ratios, as well as the ulcerogenic activity of this combination. Dose–response curves were carried out for dexketoprofen, tapentadol, and dexketoprofen–tapentadol combinations in the acetic acid‐induced writhing test in mice. On the other hand, the gastric damage of all treatments was assessed after the surgical extraction of the stomachs. Intraperitoneal administration of dexketoprofen and tapentadol induced a dose‐dependent antinociceptive effect, reaching a maximal effect of about 58% and 99%, respectively. Isobolographic analysis and the interaction index showed that the three proportions produced an analgesic potentiation (synergistic interaction). Interestingly, the 1:1 and 1:3 ratios of the drugs combination produced minor gastric injury in comparison with the 3:1 proportion. Our data suggest that all proportions of the dexketoprofen–tapentadol combination produced a synergistic interaction in the acetic acid‐induced visceral pain model in mice with a low incidence of gastric injury.
Climate change drives spatial mismatch and threatens the biotic interactions of the Brazil nut
Authors: Sales Lilian P. , Rodrigues Lucirene , Masiero Rômulo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimClimate change and deforestation will redistribute biodiversity in the next century. Species‐specific differences in the response to these stressors will lead to distribution decoupling of interacting species. However, consequences for ecosystem services are poorly known. Here, we assess the potential effects of future distribution mismatch on a key ecosystem service mediated by seed dispersal and pollination interactions: the sustainable exploitation of Brazil nuts.LocationThe Amazon.Major taxa studiedWoody plants, medium‐sized mammals, and insects.Time periodPresent day, end of the 21st century.MethodsCombining ecological niche models to simulations of tree cover loss and dispersal constraints, we compare the forecasted distribution of the plant to that of its interacting fauna of pollinators and seed dispersers.ResultsOur projections indicate that climate change itself could have no or even slightly positive effects on the distribution of the Brazil nut tree, expected to increase by up to 6% by the year 2090. However, the pollinators of this tree were forecasted lose nearly 50% of their suitable distribution in the future, leading to an almost 80% reduction in co‐occurrence potential. In addition, local pollinator richness was predicted to diminish by 20%, with likely consequences for pollination redundancy and resilience to subsequent environment changes. Although range contractions were also forecasted for some seed dispersers in the future, the overall patterns of potential co‐occurrence between the Brazil nut tree and seed dispersers, as well as local richness of seed dispersers. were mostly unabated.Main conclusionsThe forecasted declines in pollinator diversity may reduce ecosystem functional redundancy and threaten the long‐term resilience of the services provided by Brazil nut trees. Such pervasive and indirect effects of climate change, often neglected and unaccounted for in most conservation assessments, may have cascading effects upon into economies and human well‐being worldwide.
Enhanced thermal stability of the lepidocrocite‐type titanates by intercalation of large alkaline ions
Authors: Yang Daoyuan , Liu Ruichao , Liu Hao , Niu Chunyao , Cui Junyan , Gao Jinxing , Yuan Huiyu , Ma Chengliang , Jia Quanli , Zhang Shaowei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLayered materials are promising candidates to serve for thermal insulation coatings because of their low out‐of‐plane thermal conductivity. The thin film preparation of the layered materials in layer‐by‐layer fashion can be realized by several solution processes. However, the layered materials suffer low thermal stability after the solution processes. Herein, we report a strategy to improve the thermal stability of the layered materials processed in solution. In this work, we studied the thermal stability of the lepidocrocite‐type titanate with various interlayer ions (Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+) at elevated temperatures. We proved that the thermal stability of the titanate increased with the increase of the ionic radius. The Cs+ intercalated titanate can remain in its layered structure up to 1000°C, while the Li+ interacted titanate loses its structural stability at ~280°C. Our work suggests that increasing the size of the interlayer ions is an effective strategy to enhance the structural stability of layered titanates.
Efficacy of drug and endoscopic treatment of Crohn's disease strictures: A systematic review
Authors: Schulberg Julien D , Wright Emily K , Holt Bronte A , Wilding Helen E , Hamilton Amy L , Ross Alyson L , Kamm Michael A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsStrictures are the commonest complication in Crohn's disease. Surgery and endoscopic dilation are the mainstays of treatment, while drug therapy has often been considered contraindicated. The benefit of nonsurgical treatments, particularly drug and endoscopic therapy, need to be defined.MethodsOvid MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library (inception until August 30, 2019) were searched. Studies with ≥ 10 patients with Crohn's disease strictures, reporting on outcomes following medication or endoscopic treatment, were included.ResultsOf 3480 records, 85 studies met inclusion criteria and formed the basis of this analysis. Twenty‐five studies assessed drug therapy; none were randomized trials. Despite study heterogeneity anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy appeared effective, with 50% of patients avoiding surgery after 4 years of follow up. No other drug therapy was of demonstrable benefit. Sixty studies assessed endoscopic therapy including 56 on endoscopic balloon dilation, two assessed needle knife stricturotomy, and two stent insertion. Dilation was equally effective for de novo and anastomotic strictures ≤ 5 cm in length, with most studies reporting a subsequent surgical rate of 30% to 50%. Repeat dilation was required in approximately half of all patients.ConclusionsAnti‐TNF drug therapy and endoscopic balloon dilation are effective strategies for avoiding surgery in patients with stricturing Crohn's disease. Additional endoscopic therapies require further evaluation. Early data suggest that combining these therapies may provide greater benefit than individual therapies. Optimization of current drug and endoscopic therapy, and the incorporation of newer therapies, are needed for stricturing Crohn's disease.
A Multi‐Phase Quality Improvement Initiative for the Treatment of Active Delirium in Older Persons
Authors: Friedman Joseph I. , Li Lihua , Kirpalani Sapina , Zhong Xiaobo , Freeman Robert , Cheng Yim Tan , Alfonso Francis L. , McAlpine George , Vakil Aditi , Macon Bernard , Francaviglia Paul , Cassara Margherita , LoPachin Vicki , Reina Katherine , Davis Kenneth , Reich David , Craven Catherine K. , Mazumdar Madhu , Siu Albert L. 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe Hospital Elder Life Program emerged 20 years ago as the reference model for delirium prevention in hospitalized older patients. However, implementation has been achieved at only 200 hospitals worldwide over the last 20 years. Among the barriers to implementation for some institutions is an unwillingness of hospital administration to assume the costs associated with implementing programs that service all hospitalized older patients at risk for delirium. Facing such a situation, we implemented a unique and self‐evolving model of care of older hospitalized patients who had already developed delirium.DESIGNHypothesis testing was carried out using a pretest‐posttest design on program administrative data.SETTINGMount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, a tertiary‐care teaching facility.PARTICIPANTSA total of 9,214 consecutively admitted older patients to non–intensive care (ICU) inpatient units over a 5.5‐year period, regardless of the suspected presence of delirium or risk status for developing delirium.INTERVENTIONA delirium intervention program targeting patients in whom delirium has already developed, with a modified delirium team supported by extensive workflow automation with custom tools in our electronic medical records system.MEASUREMENTSLength of stay (LOS) for delirious and non‐delirious patients on units where this program was piloted. Benzodiazepine, opiate, and antipsychotic use on the same units.RESULTSThere was a significant drop in LOS by 1.98 days (95% confidence interval = .24–3.71), a decrease in the average morphine dose equivalents administered from .38 mg to .21 mg per patient hospital day, diazepam dose equivalents from .22 mg to .15 mg per patient hospital day, and quetiapine administered from .17 mg to .14 mg per patient hospital day for delirious patients on the program pilot units.CONCLUSIONElements of our unique active delirium treatment program may provide some direction to other program developers working on improving the care of older hospitalized delirious patients. However, the supporting evidence presented is limited, and a more rigorous prospective study is needed.
A new synapomorphy in the pelvic girdle reinforces a close relationship of Zanobatus and Myliobatiformes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea)
Authors: Capretz Batista da Silva João Paulo , Silva Loboda Thiago , de Souza Rosa Ricardo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe rays of the order Myliobatiformes present several diagnostic characters, the most striking one being the presence of a serrated sting on the dorsal region of the tail. Although several morphological hypotheses have been proposed supporting the monophyly and interrelationships of its members, few characters of the appendicular skeleton were employed. In the present study, we analyzed comparatively the pelvic girdle morphology across all the groups of rays to investigate the distribution of the ischial process. To understand its significance, we tested this character of the pelvic girdle as a potential synapomorphy for the Myliobatiformes plus Zanobatus. Accordingly, the phylogenetic position of Zanobatus as a sister taxon to Myliobatiformes is reinforced and its pelvic girdle morphology reinterpreted in relation to previous morphological studies.
Colonialism, “efficiency” and development: Re‐examining Puerto Rico's land reform, 1935–1945
Authors: Ayala‐McCormick Diego 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExisting historiography on Puerto Rico's agrarian reform programme in the early 1940s fails to explain why the reform resulted in the nationalization of sugar cane plantations and the formation of “Proportional Profit Farms” rather than land redistribution. This analysis examines the interplay between the New Deal and Puerto Rican political forces in the 1930s to help answer this question. It concludes that land redistribution was preferred among local forces and that the Proportional Profit Farms were a result of federal intervention by the New Deal, embodied most clearly in the figure of Rexford Tugwell, Puerto Rico's appointed governor from 1941 to 1946. This intervention calls for a re‐examination of the New Deal's role in Puerto Rico's long‐term economic development in the 20th century, particularly in laying down a model of dependent development and industrialization.
Efficacy of topical antioxidants in the skin hyperpigmentation control: A clinical study by reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: D'Angelo Costa Gabriela Maria , Maia Campos Patrícia Maria Berardo Gonçalves 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSome in vitro studies have reported the potential of antioxidants for the reduction of melanogenesis. However, it is important to assess the clinical efficacy of these substances in reducing skin hyperpigmentation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of dermocosmetic formulations based on antioxidants using Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM).MethodsThirty‐two healthy females aged 39‐55 years were enrolled and divided into four groups: Vehicle (V), V with ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate (ATIP), V with Spirulina sp., and V with hydroxytyrosol‐titrated olive extract. Imaging analyses by high‐resolution methods and RCM were performed in the malar region of the face before and after a 42‐day period of application of the studied formulations.ResultsReflectance confocal microscopy imaging analyses showed a significant reduction of number of hyperreflective pixels and basal layer brightness after 42 days of application of formulations containing the antioxidants compared to vehicle and baseline values, suggesting an improvement of the skin pigmentation pattern.ConclusionReflectance confocal microscopy permitted the identification of skin hyperpigmentation and the assessment of the clinical efficacy of dermocosmetic formulations based on antioxidants in a noninvasive way. All formulations containing antioxidants significantly reduced skin hyperpigmentation after the period of application.
Paths taken towards NK cell–mediated immunotherapy of human cancer—a personal reflection
Authors: Ljunggren Hans‐Gustaf 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe discovery that NK cells are able to specifically recognize cells lacking the expression of self‐MHC class I molecules provided the first insight into NK cell recognition of tumour cells. It started a flourishing field of NK cell research aimed at exploring the molecular nature of NK cell receptors involved in tumour cell recognition. While much of the important early work was conducted in murine experimental model systems, studies of human NK cells rapidly followed. Over the years, human NK cell research has swiftly progressed, aided by new detailed molecular information on human NK cell development, differentiation, molecular specificity, tissue heterogeneity and functional capacity. NK cells have also been studied in many different diseases aside from cancer, including viral diseases, autoimmunity, allergy and primary immunodeficiencies. These fields of research have all, indirectly or directly, provided further insights into NK cell‐mediated recognition of target cells and paved the way for the development of NK cell‐based immunotherapies for human cancer. Excitingly, NK cell‐based immunotherapy now opens up for novel strategies aimed towards treating malignant diseases, either alone or in combination with other drugs. Reviewed here are some personal reflections of select contributions leading up to the current state‐of‐the‐art in the field, with a particular emphasis on contributions from our own laboratory. This review is part of a series of articles on immunology in Scandinavia, published in conjunction with the 50th anniversary of the Scandinavian Society for Immunology.
Elevated adenomatous polyposis coli in goblet cells is associated with inflammation in mouse and human colon
Authors: Gomez Christian L. , Neufeld Kristi L. 
Published: November 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?What is the localization and distribution pattern of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) in intestinal epithelial cells? Does this distribution change in different regions of the colon or in the condition of inflammation?
What is the main finding and its importance?Colonic epithelia from mice and humans contain a subset of goblet cells displaying high APC levels. The number of APChigh goblet cells increases in inflamed tissue, which also displays increased GRP78, indicating potential stress from mucin production. In cultured human colon cells, expression of interleukin 1 pathway components (inducers of MUC2 expression) is reduced upon APC depletion raising the potential for APC participation in an inflammatory response.
AbstractAdenomatous polyposis coli (APC) serves as a gatekeeper of intestinal homeostasis by promoting cellular differentiation and maintaining crypt architecture. Although appreciated as a critical colon tumour suppressor, roles for APC in disease states such as inflammation have yet to be fully delineated. This study aimed to characterize the localization of APC protein in gastrointestinal tissues from human patients with active inflammatory bowel disease and mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry revealed a subset of goblet cells with elevated Apc staining intensity in the small intestines and proximal/medial colons of mice. Upon induction of colitis with DSS, these ‘APChigh’ goblet cells remained in the proximal and medial colon, but now were also observed in the distal colon. This phenotype was recapitulated in humans, with APChigh goblet cells observed only in the descending colons of patients with active ulcerative colitis. In cultured human colon cells derived from normal tissue, APC depletion reduced expression of mRNAs encoding the interleukin 1 (IL1) signalling pathway components IL1β and interleukin‐1 receptor (IL1R), known regulators of Muc2 expression. Treating cancer cells lacking wild‐type APC with IL1β, or induction of full‐length APC in these cells led to increases in IL1R and MUC2 expression. Combining IL1β treatment with APC induction led to an increase of MUC2 expression greater than expected for additive affects, suggesting that APC sensitizes cells to IL1 signalling. These findings suggest that APC has novel roles in maintaining proper goblet cell function, thus providing further evidence for APC as an important factor in intestinal tissue homeostasis and disease.
Associations between high temperatures in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirths: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chersich Matthew Francis , Pham Minh Duc , Areal Ashtyn , Haghighi Marjan Mosalam , Manyuchi Albert , Swift Callum P , Wernecke Bianca , Robinson Matthew , Hetem Robyn , Boeckmann Melanie , Hajat Shakoor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether exposure to high temperatures in pregnancy is associated with increased risk for preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth.DesignSystematic review and random effects meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline and Web of Science searched up to September 2018, updated in August 2019.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesClinical studies on associations between high environmental temperatures, and preterm birth, birth weight, and stillbirths.Results14 880 records and 175 full text articles were screened. 70 studies were included, set in 27 countries, seven of which were countries with low or middle income. In 40 of 47 studies, preterm births were more common at higher than lower temperatures. Exposures were classified as heatwaves, 1°C increments, and temperature threshold cutoff points. In random effects meta-analysis, odds of a preterm birth rose 1.05-fold (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.07) per 1°C increase in temperature and 1.16-fold (1.10 to 1.23) during heatwaves. Higher temperature was associated with reduced birth weight in 18 of 28 studies, with considerable statistical heterogeneity. Eight studies on stillbirths all showed associations between temperature and stillbirth, with stillbirths increasing 1.05-fold (1.01 to 1.08) per 1°C rise in temperature. Associations between temperature and outcomes were largest among women in lower socioeconomic groups and at age extremes. The multiple temperature metrics and lag analyses limited comparison between studies and settings.ConclusionsAlthough summary effect sizes are relatively small, heat exposures are common and the outcomes are important determinants of population health. Linkages between socioeconomic status and study outcomes suggest that risks might be largest in low and middle income countries. Temperature rises with global warming could have major implications for child health.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD 42019140136 and CRD 42018118113.