bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Geometric Heat-Flow Theory of Lagrangian Coherent Structures
Authors: Karrasch Daniel , Keller Johannes 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe consider Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) as the boundaries of material subsets whose advective evolution is metastable under weak diffusion. For their detection, we first transform the Eulerian advection–diffusion equation to Lagrangian coordinates, in which it takes the form of a time-dependent diffusion or heat equation. By this coordinate transformation, the reversible effects of advection are separated from the irreversible joint effects of advection and diffusion. In this framework, LCSs express themselves as (boundaries of) metastable sets under the Lagrangian diffusion process. In the case of spatially homogeneous isotropic diffusion, averaging the time-dependent family of Lagrangian diffusion operators yields Froyland’s dynamic Laplacian. In the associated geometric heat equation, the distribution of heat is governed by the dynamically induced intrinsic geometry on the material manifold, to which we refer as thegeometry of mixing. We study and visualize this geometry in detail, and discuss connections between geometric features and LCSs viewed asdiffusion barriersin two numerical examples. Our approach facilitates the discovery of connections between some prominent methods for coherent structure detection: the dynamic isoperimetry methodology, the variational geometric approaches to elliptic LCSs, a class of graph Laplacian-based methods and the effective diffusivity framework used in physical oceanography.
Establishment and validation of a model to determine the progression risk of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Chen Yuqian , Dang Yini , Sang Huaiming , Wang Xiaoyong , Chen Meihong , Lu Daiwei , Zhang Guoxin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
To establish and validate a model to determine the progression risk of gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN).

Methods
A total of 705 patients with gastric LGIN at the endoscopy center of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital during January 2010 and August 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Basic clinical and pathological information were recorded. According to the time sequence of the initial examination, the first 605 patients were enrolled in the derivation group, and the remaining 100 patients were used in the validation group. SPSS 19 software was used as statistical analysis to determine independent risk factors for progression of LGIN of the stomach and to establish a risk model. The ROC was used to verify the application value of the predictive model.

Results
Univariate and multivariate analysis suggested that sex, multiple location, congestion, ulceration and form were independent risk factors for prolonged or advanced progression in patients with LGIN. Based on this, a predictive model is constructed: P = ex/(1 + ex) X = − 10.399 + 0.922 × Sex + 1.934 × Multiple Location + 1.382 × Congestion + 0.797 × Ulceration + 0.525 × Form. The higher of the P value means the higher risk of progression. The AUC of the derivation group and validation group were 0.784 and 0.766, respectively.

Conclusion
Sex, multi-site, hyperemia, ulcer and morphology are independent risk factors for the prolongation or progression of patients with gastric LGIN. These factors are objective and easy to obtain data. Based on this, a predictive model is constructed, which can be used in management of patients. The model can be used to identify high-risk groups in patients with LGIN that may progress to gastric cancer. Strengthening follow-up or endoscopic treatment to improve the detection rate of early cancer or reduce the incidence of gastric cancer can provide a reliable basis for the treatment of LGIN.
Post-migration Social–Environmental Factors Associated with Mental Health Problems Among Asylum Seekers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jannesari Sohail , Hatch Stephani , Prina Matthew , Oram Sian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeople seeking asylum are at an increased risk of mental disorder compared to refugees and other migrants. This paper aims to understand the impact of postmigration social–environmental factors to help inform efforts to reduce rates of mental disorder. We conducted a systematic review searching 11 databases, as well as 6 government and nongovernment websites. We asked 5 experts for recommendations, and carried out forwards and backwards citation tracking. From 7004 papers 21 were eligible and had the appropriate data. Narrative synthesis was conducted. 24 Social–environmental factors were identified and categorised into 7 themes: working conditions, social networks, economic class, living conditions, healthcare, community and identity, and the immigration system. Evidence suggests that discrimination and post-migration stress are associated with increased rates of mental disorder. The post-migration environment influences the mental health of people seeking asylum. Discrimination and post-migration stress are key factors, warranting further research and public attention.
How well can near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) measure sediment organic matter in multiple lakes?
Authors: Ancin-Murguzur Francisco Javier , Brown Antony G. , Clarke Charlotte , Sjøgren Per , Svendsen John Inge , Alsos Inger Greve 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLoss-on-ignition (LOI) is the most widely used measure of organic matter in lake sediments, a variable related to both climate and land-use change. The main drawback for conventional measurement methods is the processing time and hence high labor costs associated with high-resolution analyses. On the other hand, broad-based near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a time and cost efficient method to measure organic carbon and organic matter content in lacustrine sediments once predictive methods are developed. NIRS-based predictive models are most robust when applied to sediments with properties that are already included in the calibration dataset. To test the potential for a broad applicability of NIRS models in samples foreign to the calibration model using linear corrections, sediment cores from six lakes (537 samples, LOI range 1.03–85%) were used as reference samples to develop a predictive model. The applicability of the model was assessed by sequentially removing one lake from the reference dataset, developing a new model and then validating it against the removed lake. Results indicated that NIRS has a high predictive power (RMSEP < 4.79) for LOI with the need for intercept and slope correction for new cores measured by NIRS. For studies involving many samples, NIRS is a cost and time-efficient method to estimate LOI on a range of lake sediments with only linear bias adjustments for different records.
Evaluation of affinity of bioactive isolates from various coffee extracts through binding with PPAR-γ with the use of isothermal titration calorimetry and docking simulation to prevent antidiabetic effects
Authors: Grzelczyk Joanna , Budryn Grażyna , Pérez-Sánchez Horacio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is a major receptor responsible for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Deficiency in the human body of ligands binding to PPAR-γ causes the disorder of expression of many genes in adipose tissue and contributes to reducing tissue sensitivity to insulin, making it difficult to maintain glucose homeostasis, which consequently leads to T2DM. Therefore, natural non-toxic PPAR-γ ligands are sought. The aim of the research was to assess the affinity of single hydroxycinnamic or chlorogenic acids, coffee extracts and bioactive isolates from various coffee extracts of green, light and dark roasted Arabica and Robusta for PPAR-γ. This allows determining what type of coffee extract or its fraction can be used for therapy of T2DM. The research was carried out by means of isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular docking simulation. The studies have shown that caffeine and dihydrocaffeic acid had the highest affinity for PPAR-γ, which amounted ΔG = − 39.46 kJ mol−1and − 33.60 kJ mol−1, respectively.
Efficient child care subsidies: any need for cash for care?
Authors: Glomm Gerhard , Meier Volker 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe model choices between caring for an infant at home or through some market provision of child care. Maternal labor supply necessitates child care purchased in the market. Households are distinguished along three dimensions: (i) exogenous income, (ii) the wage rate of the primary care giver and (iii) the quality which the primary caregiver provides for child care. The market can supply child care at varying qualities and in continuous amounts. All households value consumption and child care quality. Sources of market failure comprise taxation of labor and productivity impacts on child care not fully taken account of by parents. Optimal corrective subsidies are highly correlated with taxed paid by secondary earners. In a second-best environment, typical policies of subsidizing child care will also distort quality choices. Employing “no-use subsidies” mitigates such distortions and can also counter excessive levels of subsidies for external child care.
Der Einfluss der beruflichen Geschlechtersegregation und beruflicher Arbeitszeitarrangements auf Teilzeitarbeit
Authors: Althaber Agnieszka , Leuze Kathrin 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungTeilzeitarbeit gilt in Deutschland als ein wichtiges Instrument für die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie. Bisherige Erklärungen von Teilzeitarbeit fokussieren vorrangig auf Frauen und diskutieren individuelle, haushaltsbezogene und institutionelle Faktoren. Männer sowie berufsstrukturelle Einflussfaktoren auf Teilzeitarbeit wurden bislang jedoch kaum adressiert. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir daher die Bedeutung von Berufsmerkmalen für Übergänge von Vollzeit- in Teilzeitbeschäftigung von Frauen und Männern zwischen 1992 und 2015 in Deutschland. Im Fokus steht die Frage, inwiefern die berufliche Geschlechtersegregation und berufliche Arbeitszeitarrangements als Rahmenbedingungen den Übergang in Teilzeit erklären können und ob sie geschlechterdifferente Effekte aufweisen. Unsere theoretischen Überlegungen basieren auf Krügers Institutionenansatz und Ackers Ansatz der Gendered Organizations. Für die Analysen werden Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels (Startkohorte 6) mit aggregierten beruflichen Merkmalen, basierend auf dem Mikrozensus, kombiniert. Die Ergebnisse der Cox Proportional Hazard-Modelle zeigen, dass weniger die berufliche Geschlechtersegregation, sondern vor allem berufliche Arbeitszeitarrangements Übergänge in Teilzeit beeinflussen, allerdings auf geschlechterdifferenzierte Weise. Während die Vielarbeitsnorm in Berufen, gemessen an Vollzeitarbeit und Überstunden, Teilzeitarbeit für Männer verhindert, gehen Frauen unter diesen Rahmenbedingungen häufiger in Teilzeit über.
Recovery of Precious Metals (Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd) from Urban Mining Through Copper Smelting
Authors: Chen Min , Avarmaa Katri , Klemettinen Lassi , O’Brien Hugh , Sukhomlinov Dmitry , Shi Junjie , Taskinen Pekka , Jokilaakso Ari 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
With the aim of investigating deportments of precious metals in pyrometallurgical processing of waste electrical and electronic equipment, the distributions of selected precious metals (gold, silver, platinum, and palladium) between copper matte and three different silica-saturated slags (pure FeO
x
-SiO2, FeO
x
-SiO2-Al2O3, and FeO
x
-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO slag) were investigated at 1300 °C in controlled flowing CO-CO2-SO2-Ar gas atmosphere by a high-temperature isothermal equilibration technique. The phase compositions were analyzed by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis and Laser Ablation-High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. It was shown that the distribution coefficients of gold, platinum, and palladium between matte and slag (L
m/s(Me) = [Me]in matte/(Me)in slag) were very high and increased with increasing matte grade. The distributions to the matte phase were increased by adding basic oxides alumina and lime into the acidic silicate slags. The experimentally measured distribution coefficients L
m/s(Me) followed the order of platinum > palladium > gold > silver. The present experimental results can be used for upgrading thermodynamic databases for the complex recycling processes through nonferrous smelting.
Ligand Binding of PR-10 Proteins with a Particular Focus on the Bet v 1 Allergen Family
Authors: Aglas Lorenz , Soh Wai Tuck , Kraiem Amin , Wenger Mario , Brandstetter Hans , Ferreira Fatima 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Pathogenesis-related class 10 (PR-10) proteins are highly conserved plant proteins, which are induced in response to abiotic and biotic stress factors. To date, no unique biological function could be assigned to them. Rather a more general role of PR-10 in plant development and defense mechanisms has been proposed. In addition, some PR-10 proteins act as allergens by triggering allergic symptoms in sensitized individuals. Regardless of the diversity of reported activities, all PR-10 proteins share a common fold characterized by a solvent-accessible hydrophobic cavity, which serves as a binding site for a myriad of small-molecule ligands, mostly phytohormones and flavonoids.

Recent Findings
Most of available data relate to the ligand binding activity of allergenic PR-10, particularly for those belonging to Bet v 1 family of allergens. Bet v 1 and its homologues were shown to bind flavonoids with high affinity, but the specificity appears to differ between homologues from different species. The flavonoid Q3O-(Glc)-Gal was shown to specifically bind to hazelnut Cor a 1 but not to Bet v 1. Similarly, Q3OS bound only to the major isoform Bet v 1.0101 and not to other closely related isoforms. In contrast, Bet v 1 and hazelnut Cor a 1 showed very similar binding behavior towards other flavonoids such as quercetin, genistein, apigenin, daidzein, and resveratrol.

Summary
Recent research findings highlighted the importance of more precise knowledge of ligand binding for understanding the functional diversification of PR-10 proteins.
Role of Mononuclear Cardiomyocytes in Cardiac Turnover and Regeneration
Authors: Becker Cora , Hesse Michael 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The typical remodeling process after cardiac injury is scarring and compensatory hypertrophy. The limited regeneration potential of the adult heart is thought to be due to the post-mitotic status of postnatal cardiomyocytes, which are mostly binucleated and/or polyploid. Nevertheless, there is evidence for cardiomyocyte turnover in the adult heart. The purpose of this review is to describe the recent findings regarding the proliferative potential of mononuclear cardiomyocytes and to evaluate their function in cardiac turnover and disease.

Recent Findings
There is overwhelming evidence from carbon-dating in humans and multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry in mice that there is a very low but detectable level of turnover of cardiomyocytes in the heart. The source of this renewal is not clear, but recent evidence points to a population of mononuclear, diploid cardiomyocytes that are still capable of authentic cell division. Controversy arises when their role in cardiac repair is considered, as some studies claim that they contribute to repair by cell division while other studies do not find evidence for hyperplasia but hypertrophy. Stimulation of the mononuclear cardiomyocyte population has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in cardiac disease.

Summary
The studies reviewed here agree on the existence of a low annual cardiomyocyte turnover rate which can be attributed to the proliferation of mononuclear cardiomyocytes. Potential roles of mononucleated cardiomyocytes in cardiac repair after injury are discussed.
High-intensity focussed ultrasound (HIFU) als salvagebehandeling van recidiverend prostaatcarcinoom: stand van zaken wetenschap en praktijk. Een review van systematische reviews
Authors: Lemmens Valery E. P. P. , van Aubel Olav G. J. M. 
Published: May 2020

SamenvattingEr verschijnen steeds meer oorspronkelijke studies naar de veiligheid en effectiviteit van HIFU als salvagebehandeling van een lokaal recidief van het prostaatcarcinoom (Pca). Ook verschenen recentelijk meerdere systematische reviews (SR’s) over dit onderwerp. Deze review van SR’s geeft inzicht in de huidige stand van wetenschap en praktijk ten aanzien van salvage-HIFU van een lokaal recidiverend Pca. De meest recente en tevens grootste SR toont bij een lokaal recidief na bestraling geen verschil in overleving tussen HIFU en salvage radicale prostatectomie of salvagebestraling. De morbiditeit na salvage-HIFU was lager dan na een salvage radicale prostatectomie. In verband met de hoge morbiditeit bij een salvage radicale prostatectomie wordt deze zelden uitgevoerd. HIFU als salvagebehandeling kan daarom worden gezien als een veelbelovend alternatief. Dit geldt zeker voor patiëntengroepen bij wie leeftijd, ziektestadium en wens van de patiënt in de richting wijzen van afzien van agressievere therapieën, en bij wie het risico op bijwerkingen en vermindering van de kwaliteit van leven te hoog wordt geacht. De huidige evidence geeft voldoende aanleiding om, in afwachting van studies met hogere bewijskracht, HIFU als salvagebehandeling aan te bieden in plaats van androgeendeprivatietherapie, dan wel niet te behandelen.
Leprosy Transmission in Amazonian Countries: Current Status and Future Trends
Authors: Schaub Roxane , Avanzi Charlotte , Singh Pushpendra , Paniz-Mondolfi Alberto , Cardona-Castro Nora , Legua Pedro , Crespo Lucibel , Sewpersad Karin , Dávila John Jairo , Barreto Josafá , Dwivedi Purna , Morris-Wilson Heather , Larrea Maria Paredes , Talhari Carolina , Lahiri Ramanuj , Truman Richard W. , Gozlan Rodolphe E. , Couppié Pierre , de Thoisy Benoit 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewLeprosy is one of the first pathologies described in the history of mankind. However, the ecology, transmission, and pathogenicity of the incriminated bacilli remain poorly understood. Despite effective treatment freely distributed worldwide since 1995, around 200,000 new cases continue to be detected yearly, mostly in the tropics. This review aims to discuss the unique characteristics of leprosy in Amazonian countries, which exhibit a very heterogeneous prevalence among human and animal reservoirs.Recent FindingsGroundbreaking discoveries made in the last 15 years have challenged the dogmas about leprosy reservoirs, transmission, and treatment. The discovery of a new leprosy causative agent in 2008 and the scientific proof of zoonosis transmission of leprosy by nine-banded armadillos in the southern USA in 2011 challenged the prospects of leprosy eradication. In the Amazonian biome, nine-banded and other armadillo species are present but the lack of large-scale studies does not yet allow accurate assessment of the zoonotic risk. Brazil is the second country in the world reporting the highest number of new leprosy cases annually. The disease is also present, albeit with different rates, in all neighboring countries. Throughout the Amazonian biome, leprosy is mainly found in hyperendemic foci, conducive to the emergence and transmission of drug-resistant strains.SummaryThe deepening of current knowledge on leprosy reservoirs, transmission, and therapeutic issues, with the One Health approach and the help of molecular biology, will allow a better understanding and management of the public health issues and challenges related to leprosy in Amazonia.
Reclassification of Spheroidal Graphite Ductile Cast Irons Grades According to Design Needs
Authors: Zanardi Franco , Mapelli Carlo , Barella Silvia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe classification of grades inside a material family should be based on the properties required by design procedures. This paper proposes a reclassification of spheroidal graphite ferritic pearlitic and ausferritic (ADI) ductile cast irons grades based on yield strength (YS), strength ratio (SR) UTS/YS and elongation at fracture (EF). In fact, these parameters are fundamental for the static assessment according to the procedures FKM Guideline and BS 7910:2005. Static assessment at room temperature, involving plastic deformation and depending on the wall thickness and stress state triaxiality, is here proposed as the most significant for the material classification. All other properties (e.g., fatigue under cyclic loads, high strain rates and temperature effect, etc.) should be reported with reference to the classification mentioned above. SR and EF control the plastic deformation at the notch tip, where maximum calculated elastic stress is redistributed. Minimum YS is usually assumed as the basic parameter for static and cyclic loading design. Because of the inverse relationship that exists between strength and ductility, Brinell hardness control and material quality index should be adopted as Material Quality Control tools, preventing from a too low EF. Fracture Toughness and its ratio with YS must be considered for preventing brittle fracture due to the presence of flaws. Fracture toughness definitions and available data are not sufficiently consistent for a correct comparison between different material grades. A surrogate Charpy energy measurement is indicated for an indirect estimate of toughness.
Is SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) different from other PVOD?
Authors: Imam Sarah A. , Lao Wilson P. , Reddy Priyanka , Nguyen Shaun A. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe SARS‐CoV‐2 virus continues to spread rapidly across the globe afflicting many with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19). As the infection rates rise, a growing number of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive individuals have been reported to complain of olfactory disturbances at an alarming rate. Postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) is a well‐known phenomenon that may explain the olfactory dysfunction reported by SARS‐CoV‐2 infected individuals.MethodsA scoping literature review was performed to identify studies that investigated the mechanisms of postviral olfactory dysfunction. Studies demonstrating pathophysiological, histological, immunochemical, and epidemiological outcomes of PVOD were included.ResultsFourteen studies were included in addition to one international news article. Three studies reported destruction of the olfactory epithelium following intranasal inoculation of various viral strains in mice. Three studies isolated pathogenic, anosmia inciting viruses (Parainfluenza virus, Human Coronavirus, Rhinovirus) through nucleic acid amplification. Eleven studies demonstrated female predilection in patients with PVOD and COVID‐19 associated olfactory dysfunction, of which the majority were over 50 years old.ConclusionsPVOD and COVID‐19 associated olfactory dysfunction demonstrates considerable similarities in epidemiological trends and disease sequela of other viruses to suggest identical pathophysiological mechanisms. Further studies such as intranasal inoculation and histological biopsies are needed to support our hypothesis.
The Ecosystem Service Valuation and Federal Conservation Special Issue of ARER
Authors: Hellerstein Daniel , Lohr Luanne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractValuing the ecosystem services delivered by conservation and stewardship programs is of interest within USDA and across the federal government. Answering these types of questions requires accurate and scientifically sound measures of Ecosystem Service Values (ESVs). While there is a rich literature on valuation of nonmarket goods, it is often difficult to use for the ESVs provided by USDA and other federal agencies. To advance understanding of the use of ESVs in conservation programs, this special issue of ARER presents selected papers from a 2019 workshop entitled “Applications and Potential of Ecosystem Services Valuation within USDA – Advancing the Science.”