bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vereinbarkeit von Pflege bei Demenz, Familie und Beruf
Authors: Neubert Lydia , Gottschalk Sophie , König Hans-Helmut , Brettschneider Christian 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Pflegende Angehörige (PA) von Menschen mit Demenz (MMD) sind eine vulnerable Personengruppe, die nicht nur mit den Belastungen aufgrund der Pflege, sondern auch mit Anforderungen aus ihrem Familien- und Berufsleben konfrontiert sein können. Der nationale Forschungsstand zum Erleben des Spannungsfelds zwischen Pflege, Familie und Beruf ist unzureichend.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die vorliegende Studie ist eine rekonstruktive Analyse der Vereinbarkeit der Pflege eines MMD mit den Lebensbereichen Familie und Beruf, in der Haupt- und Nebenpflegende des MMD berücksichtigt wurden.

Methoden
Es wurden 14 narrative Interviews mit PA von MMD geführt. Die Auswertung erfolgte anhand der Dokumentarischen Methode nach Nohl und mündete in Typenbildungen.

Ergebnisse
In pflegenden Familien eines MMD bedingen sich Beziehungsqualität und Aufgabenverteilung gegenseitig. Dies hat Auswirkungen auf das Erleben der Pflege. Stabile Beziehungen und fair verteilte Aufgaben können die Pflege erleichtern, wohingegen konfliktbelastete Beziehungen und ungleich verteilte oder ungeteilte Aufgaben die Pflegebelastung der Familie erhöhen. Erwerbstätige PA nehmen die Lebensbereiche Pflege und Beruf als getrennt voneinander, miteinander in Konflikt geratend oder sich gegenseitig unterstützend wahr.

Diskussion
Die Belastungen aufgrund der Pflege eines MMD führen zu Beeinträchtigungen im Familien- und Berufsleben, was negative Folgen für die Gesundheit der PA haben kann. Doch ebenso können die Familie sowie der Beruf die Belastung reduzieren, wenn PA beispielsweise durch therapeutische Angebote darin unterstützt werden, positive Pflegeerfahrungen wie gestärkte Familienbeziehungen und -funktionalität zu erleben, und wenn erwerbstätige PA den Beruf als einen stärkenden Lebensbereich erfahren.
Availability of synchronous information in an additional sensory modality does not enhance the full body illusion
Authors: Swinkels Lieke M. J. , Veling Harm , Dijksterhuis Ap , van Schie Hein T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Full body illusion (FBI) is an illusion in which participants experience a change in self-location to a body that is perceived from a third-person perspective. The FBI is usually induced through experimenter generated stroking but can also be induced through self-generated stroking. In four experiments (three preregistered) we compared a self-generated stroking induction condition to a self-generated movement condition, where the only difference between conditions was the presence or absence of touch. We investigated whether the illusion reflects an all-or-nothing phenomenon or whether the illusion is influenced by the availability of synchronous information in an additional sensory modality. As a prerequisite, we investigated whether the FBI can also be induced using just self-generated movement in the absence of synchronous touch. Illusion strength was measured through illusion statements. Participants reported an equally strong illusion for both induction methods in Experiments 1, 2 and 3. In the third experiment, we additionally measured the time of illusion onset. Like the illusion strength measures, the illusion onset times did not differ between the two induction methods. In the fourth experiment participants only completed the self-generated movement condition. Again, they reported the FBI, demonstrating that the findings of Experiments 1, 2 and 3 were not dependent on the presence of a condition that used synchronous touch. Together, these findings confirm the hypothesis that the FBI is an all-or-nothing phenomenon and that adding additional multisensory synchronicity does not help to enhance the strength, onset time or onset probability of the illusion.
Number of pathologists in Germany: comparison with European countries, USA, and Canada
Authors: Märkl Bruno , Füzesi Laszló , Huss Ralf , Bauer Svenja , Schaller Tina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe rapid development of pathology is in contrast to a shortage of qualified staff. The aims of the present study are to compile basic information on the numbers of German physicians in pathology and to compare it with the situation in Europe and overseas. In addition, model calculations will shed light on the effects of part-time working models. Various publicly accessible databases (EuroStat) as well as publications of medical associations and professional associations of European countries and the USA/Canada were examined. In addition, a survey was carried out among the institutes of German universities. Figures from 24 European countries and the USA/Canada were evaluated. With one pathologist per 47,989 inhabitants, the density of pathologists in Germany in relation to the population is the second-lowest in Europe (average: 32,018). Moreover, the proportion of pathologists among the physicians working in Germany is the lowest in Europe and at the same time lower than in the USA and Canada (Germany: 1:200, USA: 1:70, Canada: 1:49). The ratio of pathologists to medical specialists is shifted in the same direction. The survey among university pathologists revealed a relevant increase in the workload over the last 10 years. The majority of institutes can manage this workload only with considerable difficulties. With a ratio between specialists and residents of 1:1, the university institutes show a high commitment in the area of training. The results of this study indicate a shortage of pathologists in Germany that could lead to a bottleneck in large parts of the health system.
Flip Distances Between Graph Orientations
Authors: Aichholzer Oswin , Cardinal Jean , Huynh Tony , Knauer Kolja , Mütze Torsten , Steiner Raphael , Vogtenhuber Birgit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFlip graphs are a ubiquitous class of graphs, which encode relations on a set of combinatorial objects by elementary, local changes. Skeletons of associahedra, for instance, are the graphs induced by quadrilateral flips in triangulations of a convex polygon. For some definition of a flip graph, a natural computational problem to consider is the flip distance: Given two objects, what is the minimum number of flips needed to transform one into the other? We consider flip graphs on orientations of simple graphs, where flips consist of reversing the direction of some edges. More precisely, we consider so-called $$\alpha$$
α
-orientations of a graph G, in which every vertex v has a specified outdegree $$\alpha (v)$$

α
(
v
)

, and a flip consists of reversing all edges of a directed cycle. We prove that deciding whether the flip distance between two $$\alpha$$
α
-orientations of a planar graph G is at most two is -complete. This also holds in the special case of perfect matchings, where flips involve alternating cycles. This problem amounts to finding geodesics on the common base polytope of two partition matroids, or, alternatively, on an alcoved polytope. It therefore provides an interesting example of a flip distance question that is computationally intractable despite having a natural interpretation as a geodesic on a nicely structured combinatorial polytope. We also consider the dual question of the flip distance between graph orientations in which every cycle has a specified number of forward edges, and a flip is the reversal of all edges in a minimal directed cut. In general, the problem remains hard. However, if we restrict to flips that only change sinks into sources, or vice-versa, then the problem can be solved in polynomial time. Here we exploit the fact that the flip graph is the cover graph of a distributive lattice. This generalizes a recent result from Zhang et al. (Acta Math Sin Engl Ser 35(4):569–576, 2019).
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Mapping of Human Meniscus Biochemical Constituents
Authors: Ala-Myllymäki Juho , Paakkonen Tommi , Joukainen Antti , Kröger Heikki , Lehenkari Petri , Töyräs Juha , Afara Isaac O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDegenerative changes in meniscus are diagnosed during surgery by means of mechanical testing and visual evaluation. This method is qualitative and highly subjective, providing very little information on the internal state of the meniscus. Thus, there is need for novel quantitative methods that can support decision-making during arthroscopic surgery. In this study, we investigate the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for mapping the biochemical constituents of human meniscus, including water, uronic acid, and hydroxyproline contents. Partial least squares regression models were developed using data from 115 measurement locations of menisci samples extracted from 7 cadavers and 11 surgery patient donors. Model performance was evaluated using an independent test set consisting of 55 measurement locations within a meniscus sample obtained from a separate cadaver. The correlation coefficient of calibration (ρtraining), test set (ρtest), and root-mean-squared error of test set (RMSEP) were as follows:water(ρtraining= 0.61,ρtest= 0.39, and RMSEP = 2.27 percentage points),uronic acid(ρtraining= 0.68,ρtest= 0.69, and RMSEP = 6.09 basis points), andhydroxyproline(ρtraining= 0.84,ρtest= 0.58, and error = 0.54 percentage points). In conclusion, the results suggest that NIRS could enable rapid arthroscopic mapping of changes in meniscus biochemical constituents, thus providing means for quantitative assessment of meniscus degeneration.
The development and initial evaluation of the Diarrhoea Management Diary (DMD) in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Harder Helena , Shilling Valerie M. , May Shirley F. , Cella David , Schmid Peter , Fallowfield Lesley J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeChemotherapy-induced diarrhoea (CID) is a common, but often underreported problem in patients with breast cancer that has a profound effect on quality of life. It is best measured from a patient’s perspective, but tools are limited. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the Diarrhoea Management Diary (DMD), a self-report measure to assess CID, use of self-management strategies and treatment adherence.MethodsThe DMD was constructed using an iterative process of instrument development: concept elicitation (literature review), item generation and reduction (cognitive debriefing), and pilot testing in the target population. After translation into eight languages, the DMD was used in an international randomised trial for women receiving lapatinib and capecitabine for metastatic breast cancer with or without prophylactic octreotide. Patterns of missing data and sensitivity to change were examined.ResultsThe understandability and completeness of the 8-item DMD was confirmed in cognitive interviews and pilot testing. Practicability of the DMD was evaluated in 62 women with metastatic breast cancer (median age 57). Up to 68% reported CID at any given time-point, and 19% had diarrhoea at each time-point. Patients also described efficacy of different strategies for diarrhoea management. Missing data were associated with study discontinuation. DMD missing item response was 0.9%. Sensitivity to change was good at most assessment points.ConclusionsAlthough further psychometric testing is recommended, initial evaluation of the DMD showed good content validity and practicability in international research with cancer patients.
Co-benefits of black carbon mitigation for climate and air quality
Authors: Harmsen Mathijs J. H. M. , van Dorst Pim , van Vuuren Detlef P. , van den Berg Maarten , Van Dingenen Rita , Klimont Zbigniew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMitigation of black carbon (BC) aerosol emissions can potentially contribute to both reducing air pollution and climate change, although mixed results have been reported regarding the latter. A detailed quantification of the synergy between global air quality and climate policy is still lacking. This study contributes with an integrated assessment model-based scenario analysis of BC-focused mitigation strategies aimed at maximizing air quality and climate benefits. The impacts of these policy strategies have been examined under different socio-economic conditions, climate ambitions, and BC mitigation strategies. The study finds that measures targeting BC emissions (including reduction of co-emitted organic carbon, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxides) result in significant decline in premature mortality due to ambient air pollution, in the order of 4 to 12 million avoided deaths between 2015 and 2030. Under certain circumstances, BC mitigation can also reduce climate change, i.e., mainly by lowering BC emissions in the residential sector and in high BC emission scenarios. Still, the effect of BC mitigation on global mean temperature is found to be modest at best (with a maximum short-term GMT decrease of 0.02 °C in 2030) and could even lead to warming (with a maximum increase of 0.05 °C in case of a health-focused strategy, where all aerosols are strongly reduced). At the same time, strong climate policy would improve air quality (the opposite relation) through reduced fossil fuel use, leading to an estimated 2 to 5 million avoided deaths in the period up to2030. By combining both air quality and climate goals, net health benefits can be maximized.
Multi-task learning based on question–answering style reviews for aspect category classification and aspect term extraction on GPU clusters
Authors: Wu Hanqian , Cheng Siliang , Wang Zhike , Zhang Shangbin , Yuan Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCluster computing technologies are rapidly advancing and user-generated online reviews are booming in the current Internet and e-commerce environment. The latest question–answering (Q&A)-style reviews are novel, abundant and easily digestible product reviews that also contain massive valuable information for customers. In this paper, we mine valuable aspect information of products contained in these reviews on GPU clusters. To achieve this goal, we utilize two subtasks of aspect-based sentiment analysis: aspect term extraction (ATE) and aspect category classification (ACC). Most previous works focused on only one task or solved these two tasks separately, even though they are highly interrelated, and they do not make full use of abundant training resources. To address this problem, we propose a novel multi-task neural learning model to jointly handle these two tasks and explore the performance of our model on GPU clusters. We conducted extensive comparative experiments on an annotated corpus and found that our proposed model outperforms several baseline models in ATE and ACC tasks on GPU clusters, yielding significant strides in data mining for these types of reviews.
Life history variation in space and time: environmental and seasonal responses of a parthenogenetic invasive freshwater snail in northern Germany
Authors: Verhaegen Gerlien , von Jungmeister Kai , Haase Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe processes that lead to a successful invasion are complex. Here, we investigated life history characteristics potentially explaining the invasion success ofPotamopyrgus antipodarum, a small parthenogenetic and ovoviviparous freshwater snail that was recently added to the top “hundred worst” alien species in Europe. We monitored monthly, over the course of 1 year, shell size, number of brooded embryos, and the presence of castrating parasites at three Northeast German sites: a lake (the Kiessee), a stream (Hohen Sprenz), and a small spring brook (Rügen) (N = 1165). We found that (1) despite sharing the same clonal lineage, drastic differences in space and time for size and fecundity were observed, and these differences were linked to specific environmental variables (water temperature, salinity, and current); (2)P. antipodarumreproduces all year around, except at one of our sites, the spring Rügen, where the reproduction was seasonal; (3) none of our dissected specimens was infected by parasites. Together with ovoviviparity and the ability to reproduce parthenogenetically while being released from parasite pressure, the ability to adapt readily to a wide range of habitat conditions is likely paramount for the invasive success ofP. antipodarum.
Mentalizing Failures, Emotional Dysregulation, and Cognitive Distortions Among Adolescent Problem Gamblers
Authors: Ciccarelli Maria , Nigro Giovanna , D’Olimpio Francesca , Griffiths Mark D. , Cosenza Marina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver the past decade, several studies have investigated the relationship between cognitive distortions and emotion regulation among adolescent gamblers, demonstrating the exacerbating role of alcohol consumption when co-occurring with gambling problems. An important construct, that to date has been largely neglected, is mentalizing (i.e. the ability to reflect on one's own and others' mental states). The aim of the present study was (for the first time) to investigate the relative contribution of mentalization, emotional dysregulation, cognitive distortions, and alcohol consumption among adolescent gamblers. A total of 396 students (69.2% females) aged 14–19 years were recruited from secondary schools in Southern Italy. Assessment measures included the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA), the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Regression analysis showed that, along with male gender, the best predictors of adolescent gambling were scores on two GRCS subscales (i.e., ‘inability to stop gambling’ and ‘interpretative bias’), the RFQ-8’s ‘uncertainty about mental states’ dimension, and the DERS ‘impulse control difficulties’ factor, with the overall model explaining more than one-third of the total variance. The results clearly indicated that, along with gambling-related cognitive distortions, uncertainty about mental states, and difficulties remaining in control of one’s behavior when experiencing negative emotions contributed significantly to problematic gambling among adolescents.
Embedding-based Silhouette community detection
Authors: Škrlj Blaž , Kralj Jan , Lavrač Nada 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMining complex data in the form of networks is of increasing interest in many scientific disciplines. Network communities correspond to densely connected subnetworks, and often represent key functional parts of real-world systems. This paper proposes the embedding-based Silhouette community detection (SCD), an approach for detecting communities, based on clustering of network node embeddings, i.e. real valued representations of nodes derived from their neighborhoods. We investigate the performance of the proposed SCD approach on 234 synthetic networks, as well as on a real-life social network. Even though SCD is not based on any form of modularity optimization, it performs comparably or better than state-of-the-art community detection algorithms, such as the InfoMap and Louvain. Further, we demonstrate that SCD’s outputs can be used along with domain ontologies in semantic subgroup discovery, yielding human-understandable explanations of communities detected in a real-life protein interaction network. Being embedding-based, SCD is widely applicable and can be tested out-of-the-box as part of many existing network learning and exploration pipelines.
Integrated vibration suppression attitude control for flexible spacecrafts with internal liquid sloshing
Authors: Colagrossi Andrea , Lavagna Michèle 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVibration suppression during attitude control is a fundamental research topic whenever control of the rotational motion of a spacecraft with flexible appendages and internal liquid sloshing is of interest. The proposed method is based on an attitude control system with centralized sensors and actuators, without the usage of collocated devices for vibration management. In this way, it is possible to develop and implement a computationally efficient real-time control system that is suitable for any kind of spacecraft, even with advanced control capabilities. An integrated vibration suppression attitude control is designed and analyzed, exploiting also a numerical simulation verification procedure based on validated code. The developed attitude control system applies two fundamental control schemes: classical proportional-derivative (PD) control, with nonadaptive band-stop filters, and wave-based control. The proposed wave-based control implementation allows managing three-dimensional attitude dynamics in steady state pointing, without cross-coupling between the separate body axes. To overcome this limitation, the paper presents the integration of the wave-based control with the filtered PD control scheme, allowing us to have a complete three-dimensional real-time MIMO controller, with vibration suppression capabilities and robustness to system uncertainties. The paper also presents the development of an accurate dynamical model of a generic flexible spacecraft with internal liquid sloshing based on a multibody formulation.
Frame loads accuracy assessment of semianalytical multibody dynamic simulation methods of a recreational vehicle
Authors: Joubert Nicolas , Boisvert Maxime , Blanchette Carl , St-Amant Yves , Desrochers Alain , Rancourt Denis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe design of a vehicle frame is largely dependent on the loads applied on the suspension and heavy parts mounting points. These loads can either be estimated through full analytical multibody dynamic simulations, or from semi-analytical simulations in which tire and road sub-models are not included and external vehicle loads, recorded during field testing, are used as inputs to the wheel hubs. Several semi-analytical methods exist, with various modeling architectures, yet, it is unclear how one method over another improves frame loads prediction accuracy.This study shows that a semi-analytical method that constrains the vehicle frame center of gravity movement along a recorded trajectory, using a control algorithm, leads to an accuracy within 1% for predicting frame loads, when compared to reference loads from a full analytical model. The control algorithm computes six degrees of freedom forces and moments applied at the vehicle center of gravity to closely follow the recorded vehicle trajectory. It is also shown that modeling the flexibility of the suspension arms and controlling wheel hub angular velocity both contribute in improving frame loads accuracy, while an acquisition frequency of 200 Hz appears to be sufficient to capture load dynamics for several maneuvers. Knowledge of these loads helps engineers perform appropriate dimensioning of vehicle structural components therefore ensuring their reliability under various driving conditions.