bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastrong catalyst-free polycrystalline diamond
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhan Guodong , Li Dong , He Duanwei , Moellendick Timothy Eric , Gooneratne Chinthaka P. , Alalsayednassir Alawi G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiamond is the hardest naturally occurring material found on earth but single crystal diamond is brittle due to the nature of catastrophic cleavage fracture. Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) materials are made by high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) technology. PDC materials have been widely used in several industries. Wear resistance is a key material property that has long been pursued for its valuable industrial applications. However, the inevitable use of catalysts introduced by the conventional manufacturing process significantly reduces their end-use performance and limits many of their potential applications. In this work, an ultra-strong catalyst-free polycrystalline diamond compact material has been successfully synthesized through innovative ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature (UHPHT) technology. These results set up new industry records for wear resistance and thermal stability for PDC cutters utilized for drilling in the oil and gas industry. The new material also broke all single-crystal diamond indenters, suggesting that the new material is too hard to be measured by the current standard single-crystal diamond indentation method. This represents a major breakthrough in hard materials that can expand many potential scientific research and industrial applications.
Mucosal IL-4R antagonist HIV vaccination with SOSIP-gp140 booster can induce high-quality cytotoxic CD4+/CD8+ T cells and humoral responses in macaques
Authors: Li Z. , Khanna M. , Grimley S. L. , Ellenberg P. , Gonelli C. A. , Lee Wen Shi , Amarasena T. H. , Kelleher A. D. , Purcell D. F. J. , Kent S. J. , Ranasinghe C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInducing humoral, cellular and mucosal immunity is likely to improve the effectiveness of HIV-1 vaccine strategies. Here, we tested a vaccine regimen in pigtail macaques using an intranasal (i.n.) recombinant Fowl Pox Virus (FPV)-gag pol env-IL-4R antagonist prime, intramuscular (i.m.) recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara Virus (MVA)-gag pol-IL-4R antagonist boost followed by an i.m SOSIP-gp140 boost. The viral vector—expressed IL-4R antagonist transiently inhibited IL-4/IL-13 signalling at the vaccination site. The SOSIP booster not only induced gp140-specific IgG, ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) and some neutralisation activity, but also bolstered the HIV-specific cellular and humoral responses. Specifically, superior sustained systemic and mucosal HIV Gag-specific poly-functional/cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were detected with the IL-4R antagonist adjuvanted strategy compared to the unadjuvanted control. In the systemic compartment elevated Granzyme K expression was linked to CD4+ T cells, whilst Granzyme B/TIA-1 to CD8+ T cells. In contrast, the cytotoxic marker expression by mucosal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells differed according to the mucosal compartment. This vector-based mucosal IL-4R antagonist/SOSIP booster strategy, which promotes cytotoxic mucosal CD4+ T cells at the first line of defence, and cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells plus functional antibodies in the blood, may prove valuable in combating mucosal infection with HIV-1 and warrants further investigation.
Anomalous blueshift of aperture resonance enabled by the loss of a thin film
Authors: Kyoung Jisoo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe substrate effects on aperture resonance have been widely studied because the resonance peak position is key for sensing, communications, and field enhancement applications. So far, the theoretical works have focused on the lossless infinite substrate case, which only explains the resonance peak redshift by the substrate index. The loss effect has not been investigated yet because lossy infinite substrate significantly reduces the aperture transmission. Therefore, this work studied the loss effect on aperture resonance via an analytic model of the transmission though slot antennas on a finite substrate. When the substrate thickness was very thin compared to the wavelength, the transmittance remained high even for a large imaginary part of the refractive index; furthermore, the developed model predicted a strong blueshift when this imaginary part exceeds the real part. Besides, the zero of the imaginary part of the coupling strength was crucial in determining the resonance frequency for both infinite and finite substrates. Thus, this study can contribute to the material characterization, label-free detection, and efficient design of active metamaterials.
Single-cell analysis supports a luminal-neuroendocrine transdifferentiation in human prostate cancer
Authors: Dong Baijun , Miao Juju , Wang Yanqing , Luo Wenqin , Ji Zhongzhong , Lai Huadong , Zhang Man , Cheng Xiaomu , Wang Jinming , Fang Yuxiang , Zhu Helen He , Chua Chee Wai , Fan Liancheng , Zhu Yinjie , Pan Jiahua , Wang Jia , Xue Wei , Gao Wei-Qiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeuroendocrine prostate cancer is one of the most aggressive subtypes of prostate tumor. Although much progress has been made in understanding the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer, the cellular architecture associated with neuroendocrine differentiation in human prostate cancer remain incompletely understood. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to profile the transcriptomes of 21,292 cells from needle biopsies of 6 castration-resistant prostate cancers. Our analyses reveal that all neuroendocrine tumor cells display a luminal-like epithelial phenotype. In particular, lineage trajectory analysis suggests that focal neuroendocrine differentiation exclusively originate from luminal-like malignant cells rather than basal compartment. Further tissue microarray analysis validates the generality of the luminal phenotype of neuroendocrine cells. Moreover, we uncover neuroendocrine differentiation-associated gene signatures that may help us to further explore other intrinsic molecular mechanisms deriving neuroendocrine prostate cancer. In summary, our single-cell study provides direct evidence into the cellular states underlying neuroendocrine transdifferentiation in human prostate cancer.
NTRK kinase domain mutations in cancer variably impact sensitivity to type I and type II inhibitors
Authors: Somwar Romel , Hofmann Nicolle E. , Smith Bryan , Odintsov Igor , Vojnic Morana , Linkov Irina , Tam Ashley , Khodos Inna , Mattar Marissa S. , de Stanchina Elisa , Flynn Daniel , Ladanyi Marc , Drilon Alexander , Shinde Ujwal , Davare Monika A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTyrosine kinase domains dynamically fluctuate between two main structural forms that are referred to as type I (DFG-in) or type II (DFG-out) conformations. Comprehensive data comparing type I and type II inhibitors are currently lacking for NTRK fusion-driven cancers. Here we used a type II NTRK inhibitor, altiratinib, as a model compound to investigate its inhibitory potential for larotrectinib (type I inhibitor)-resistant mutations in NTRK. Our study shows that a subset of larotrectinib-resistant NTRK1 mutations (V573M, F589L and G667C) retains sensitivity to altiratinib, while the NTRK1V573Mand xDFG motif NTRK1G667Cmutations are highly sensitive to type II inhibitors, including altiratinib, cabozantinib and foretinib. Moreover, molecular modeling suggests that the introduction of a sulfur moiety in the binding pocket, via methionine or cysteine substitutions, specifically renders the mutant kinase hypersensitive to type II inhibitors. Future precision treatment strategies may benefit from selective targeting of these kinase mutants based on our findings.
Flexible polymer/fabric fractal monopole antenna for wideband applications
Authors: Al‐Sehemi Abdullah , Al‐Ghamdi Ahmed , Dishovsky Nikolay , Atanasova Gabriela , Atanasov Nikolay 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA novel flexible polymer/fabric fractal monopole antenna with a wideband performance is presented. A thin sheet of highly conductive fabric and a natural rubber‐based composite have been used for conductive and non‐conductive parts of the antenna, which allow keeping the antenna as flexible and thin as possible. The proposed antenna has been simulated, prototyped and tested. Results show that the antenna has a simulated impedance bandwidth of 3.8 GHz (2.2–6.0 GHz) and a measured impedance bandwidth of 3.7 GHz (2.3–6.0 GHz) to cover the most commonly used standards in wireless communication systems. The radiation efficiency of the antenna reaches over 93% throughout the operating frequency band with satisfactory radiation patterns and gain.
Numerical demonstration of triangular shaped photonic crystal fibre‐based biosensor in the Terahertz range
Authors: Ahmed Kawsar , Paul Bikash Kumar , Ahmed Fahad , Jabin Md. Asaduzzaman , Uddin Muhammad Shahin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, a novel design of microstructure ring‐based triangular mold photonic crystal fibre has been numerically investigated and introduced as an alcohol sensor in Terahertz (THz) band region to get a very high relative‐sensitivity and negligible confinement‐loss profile. Perfectly Matched Layer contains circular air holes with a semi‐poly crystalline symmetric core structure in the triangular cladding region. The entire evaluation process is done by analyzing 2,888,310 mesh elements with the finite element method. Also, the proposed model is justified for an operating frequency of the THz band gap between 1.4 THz and 3.5 THz along with a base material of TOPAS. Last of all, the relative sensitivity profiles of the proposed model are 79.39%, 79.99%, and 80.27% respectively to the water, ethanol, benzene at an optimum frequency of 1.5 THz. In fact, the most optimum performance indicators are 1.18 × 10−12 dB/m, 1.8 × 10−5 µm2, 80%, 0.1 ps/THz/cm and 0.1‐1.5 respectively to the confinement‐loss (Lc), effective area (Aeff), power fraction (η′), dispersion (β2) and V‐Parameter (Veff) at the following optimum frequency for the proposed structure. By evaluating these performance profiles, the proposed model can prove itself a better choice than any other prior model in the field of sensing.
La croissance des villes vue par la physique statistique
Authors: Barthélémy Marc 
Published: December 2020

Le développement spectaculaire de l’urbanisation dans le monde s’accompagne d’un grand nombre de problèmes environnementaux et sociaux. Il est devenu essentiel de modéliser les villes, car les décideurs ont besoin de théories solides pour atténuer ces problèmes. Heureusement, la disponibilité croissante de données rend possible la construction d’une « science des villes » quantitative et la modélisation des phénomènes.
La physique statistique joue un rôle majeur dans cet effort, en apportant des outils et des concepts capables de rapprocher la théorie et les résultats empiriques. Nous illustrons ici cette approche par deux exemples : la transition vers une organisation polycentrique de l’activité d’une ville, et le CO2 émis par les transports.
Tauchen im Malstrom des Lebens
Authors: Müller-Ebeling Claudia 
Published: December 2020

SummaryTrancezustände initiieren, bewusst steuern, heilsam nutzen und willentlich verlassen können – das erst macht Heilerinnen und Heiler zu Schamaninnen und Schamanen. Was dem westlichen Blick auf die schamanische Trance meist entgeht: Ihre Beherrschung ist unabdingbar an ein polares, jedoch nicht dualistisches Weltbild geknüpft. Mit konkreten Beispielen von Tranceritualen aus Nepal erhellt die Autorin diese von Zeit und Raum losgelösten Zustände und verdeutlicht ihre heilsame Wirkung.
Ambulante und häusliche Blutdruckmessung bei hypertensiven Schwangeren
Authors: Rath Werner , Tsikouras Panagiotis , Schlembach Dietmar 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Prävalenz hypertensiver Schwangerschaftserkrankungen (HES) beträgt 6–8%. HES gehören zu den führenden Ursachen mütterlicher Sterbefälle in den Industrieländern. Die Messung des Blutdrucks (RR) ist nach wie vor Eckpfeiler der Diagnose. Die Blutdruckmessung sollte nach standardisierter Vorgehensweise mit automatischen, für die Schwangerschaft validierten Messgeräten erfolgen. Die Blutdruckmessung in der Praxis erlaubt nur eine „punktuelle“ Messung in „artifizieller“ Umgebung und kann eine Weißkittelhypertonie (WCH) nicht erfassen. Nach aktuellen Leitlinien sollte die ambulante 24-Stunden-Blutdruckmessung (ABPM) bei allen Schwangeren mit erhöhten Blutdruckwerten zur Diagnosesicherung und Differenzierung der Hypertonie durchgeführt werden. Die ABPM ist eine geeignete Methode zur frühzeitigen Identifizierung der WCH und der maskierten Hypertonie sowie zur Differenzierung zwischen WCH und chronischer Hypertonie vor der 20. SSW. Fehlender nächtlicher Blutdruckabfall und v. a. Blutdruckspitzen während der Nachtstunden sind mit einem signifikant erhöhten Risiko für Präeklampsie und kardiovaskulärer Morbidität assoziiert. ABPM und häusliche Blutdruckmessung (HBPM) wurden zur Blutdruckkontrolle bei Schwangeren mit Gestationshypertonie, chronischer Hypertonie, milder Präeklampsie und Schwangeren mit Risikofaktoren für eine HES nach der 18. SSW empfohlen. Sie ermöglichen eine exakte Blutdruckeinstellung mit Antihypertensiva. Wichtige Voraussetzungen für die Anwendung beider Methoden ist die Compliance der Patientin. Wie in Studien gezeigt, reduziert die HBPM die Zahl antenataler Arztbesuche und Krankenhausaufnahmen im Vergleich zur Blutdruckmessung in der Praxis ohne erhöhtes Risiko für Mutter und Kind, sie vermindert darüber hinaus die Rate an Geburtseinleitungen und die Diagnose „Präeklampsie“ und trägt zur Vermeidung einer unnötigen antihypertensiven Therapie bei. Die Methode weist eine hohe Akzeptanz bei den Schwangeren auf und ist kosteneffektiv. Die Probleme der ABPM liegen v. a. in ihrer limitierten Verfügbarkeit und der Belästigung der Schwangeren durch Schlafstörungen. Die wesentlichen Nachteile der HBPM sind die Notwendigkeit zur Schulung/Training der Patientin, mögliche Messfehler und dem Fehlen evidenzbasierter Blutdruckgrenzwerte. Derzeit werden Telemonitoring-Plattformen zur ambulanten Überwachung von Schwangeren mit erhöhtem Risiko für HES evaluiert. Die breite Anwendung v. a. der HBPM kann dazu beitragen, die Arbeitsbelastung des geburtshilflichen Personals im Krankenhaus zu reduzieren und Krankenhauskosten einzusparen.
Between the Listener and the Talker: Connectivity Options
Authors: Thibodeau Linda M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHearing aids are often not sufficient for optimal communication between a listener and a talker. Therefore, numerous options for wireless connectivity between the listener and the talker designed to improve communication have become widely available. From the original wireless option of the induction loop system, most of the current solutions involve a digital signal with high quality and limited interference. Many are proprietary and only operate with a given manufacturer's devices, while others are more universal as long as the digital receiver can be connected to the listener's personal device. In addition, connectivity options to assist those with hearing loss are now readily available on the smartphone which can be used as a remote microphone. Therefore, it is paramount that the available wireless protocols be considered relative to the listener's experience with wireless technology so that solutions may be offered that are efficient, economical, and effective.
Smartphones and Hearing Loss: There's an App for That!
Authors: Zitelli Lori , Mormer Elaine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSmartphone use has become increasingly prevalent and patients are frequently using this technology to engage in health-related activities. There are a variety of smartphone applications that can be used to assist individuals with hearing loss, particularly during extreme situations such as a global pandemic which results in restricted face-to-face interactions. The hearing-related applications can be divided into four categories: (1) screening and assessment, (2) intervention and rehabilitation, (3) education and information, and (4) assistive tools. Several subcategories of applications in the assistive tools category are described that may be of interest to individuals with hearing loss, whether they wear hearing aids or not. Examples of the apps along with links are included for each subcategory.
Remote Microphone Technology for Children with Hearing Loss or Auditory Processing Issues
Authors: Schafer Erin C. , Kirby Benjamin , Miller Sharon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSchool classrooms are noisy and reverberant environments, and the poor acoustics can be a barrier to successful learning in children, particularly those with multiple disabilities, auditory processing issues, and hearing loss. A new set of listening challenges have been imposed by the recent global pandemic and subsequent online learning requirements. The goal of this article is to review the impact of poor acoustics on the performance of children with auditory processing issues, mild hearing loss, and unilateral hearing loss. In addition, we will summarize the evidence in support of remote microphone technology by these populations.
Actuation force analysis and design optimization of microshutter array by numerical simulation method
Authors: Kim Kyowon , Kutyrev Alexander S , Li Mary J , Greenhouse Matthew A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Next Generation Microshutter Array (NGMSA) is an electrostatically operated micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device for programmable spatial light filtering application. Original microshutter array (MSA), which is magnetically operated, was developed for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRSpec multi-object spectrometer, and NGMSA inherited its design from the original MSA. Even though there has been incremental design changes in order to achieve stable electrostatic actuation, NGMSA operation still requires further study. Previous simulation efforts to model NGMSA’s actuation mechanics allowed to gain only general understanding of the behavior due to inadequate simulation and experimental methods. In this study, a novel electrostatic numerical simulation model is presented using COMSOL Multiphysics to accurately predict microshutter’s motion during actuation. The new model addresses all the issues that hinder realistic modeling. Current Microshutter Array yield and operation performance issues related to fabrication process are analyzed with this numerical model and a potential optimized design is proposed. The result shows that a few μm shorter shutter blade allows stable electrostatic actuation as well as better tolerance to the fabrication accuracy. Also, modified blade side shape reduces undesirable asymmetrical motions which cause failed stuck shutters.
Implantation of three transcatheter aortic valves for embolization of two valves caused by under-expansion: a case report
Authors: Tsuda Masaki , Shutta Ryu , Nishino Masami , Tanouchi Jun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Transcatheter aortic valve embolization is one of the serious complications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We present a case of TAVI that needed implantation of three transcatheter aortic valves owing to the embolization of two self-expandable valves (SEVs).

Case summary
An 88-year-old woman underwent TAVI using a 26-mm SEV. After valve deployment, the SEV embolized to the ascending aorta during the removal of the delivery system (DS) of the SEV (DS-SEV) from the SEV. An additional SEV was implanted, which also embolized upwards. Multi-directional fluoroscopy revealed extreme under-expansion of the second SEV, which caused valve embolization due to catching of the DS-SEVs in the SEVs. Finally, a 23-mm balloon-expandable valve was successfully implanted, which was also under expanded on fluoroscopic assessment. The patient was stable without sequelae at the 1-month follow-up.

Discussion
Pre-procedurally predicting SEV under-expansions was difficult because pre-procedural computed tomography revealed no massive calcification on the aortic valve, and fluoroscopy indicated adequate expansion of the SEVs at the angle where the valves were deployed. We verified the possibility of catching of a DS-SEV in an under-expanded SEV in an in vitro test, which showed that the DS-SEV was caught in the extremely under-expanded SEV. Furthermore, balloon dilation might release the catch of the DS-SEV by changing the DS-SEV position. Therefore, we recommend performing multi-directional fluoroscopy to evaluate SEV expansion before DS-SEV removal from an SEV. Furthermore, if catching of a DS-SEV occurs, balloon dilation might be useful for releasing the catch and safely removing the DS-SEV.
Isolated right ventricular metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by epithelial–mesenchymal transition: a case report
Authors: Saku Kosuke , Tahara Nobuhiro , Fukumoto Yoshihiro , Tanaka Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that metastasizes to the right ventricle has rarely been reported. An important link between epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells has recently been demonstrated. However, there are few reports on the relationship between HCC metastasized to the heart and EMT.

Case summary
We here report the case of a 74-year-old woman who had type C HCC referred to our hospital with general fatigue due to a right ventricular tumour diagnosed at a general hospital. Anticoagulation therapy was done, but the mass had rapidly grown. We performed surgical resection of the mass. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumour was diagnosed as a poorly differentiated HCC metastasis induced by EMT.

Discussion
Isolated metastasis of HCC to the right ventricle is extremely rare. The HCC with EMT has a potentially high risk of metastasizing to the heart and other organs, and the prognosis is poor.
The First Draft Genome of a Cold-Water Coral Trachythela sp. (Alcyonacea: Stolonifera: Clavulariidae)
Authors: Zhou Yang , Feng Chenguang , Pu Yujin , Liu Jun , Liu Ruoyu , Zhang Haibin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cold-water corals (CWCs) are important habitats for creatures in the deep-sea environment, but they have been degraded by anthropogenic activity. So far, no genome for any CWC has been reported. Here, we report a draft genome of Trachythela sp., which represents the first genome of CWCs to date. In total, 56 and 65 Gb of raw reads were generated from Illumina and Nanopore sequencing platforms, respectively. The final assembled genome was 578.26 Mb, which consisted of 396 contigs with a contig N50 of 3.56 Mb, and the genome captured 90.1% of the metazoan Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs. We identified 335 Mb (57.88% of the genome) of repetitive elements, which is a higher proportion compared with others in the Cnidarians, along with 35,305 protein-coding genes. We also detected 483 expanded and 51 contracted gene families, and many of them were associated with longevity, ion transposase, heme-binding nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and metabolic regulators of transcription. Overall, we believe this genome will serve as an important resource for studies on community protection for CWCs.