bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valor predictivo de proteína C reactiva y albúmina en la expulsión de litos ureterales de 6-10 mm del tercio inferior
Authors: Solis Enrique Omar Piñón , García José Fernando Gil , Medrano Edgar Alejandro , Guadarrama Alejandro Noyola , Maya Pamela Alcántara 
Published: December 2019

Resumen
Introducción La litiasis ureteral es responsable del 20% de casos de urolitiasis, el cólico renal afecta negativamente la calidad de vida, el mayor dilema es el elegir entre medidas conservadoras y cirugía. La mayoría de los litos ureterales de tercio distal menor de 6mm, pueden pasar espontáneamente con terapia conservadora. Sin embargo, ella se asocia a incomodidad, infecciones y ausencia laboral. La proteína C Reactiva (PCR) se ha utilizado como predictor en la expulsión de esos litos, además se introduce el uso de la albúmina como nuevo marcador de predicción.
Objetivo El objetivo es analizar el valor predictivo de PCR y albúmina para la expulsión de litos ureterales de tercio inferior de 6–10 mm.
Métodos Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en pacientes que presentaron cólico renal secundario a litiasis ureteral distal 6–10 Mm, los cuales recibieron tratamiento médico expulsivo durante 4 semanas, hasta la expulsión del lito o la necesidad de tratamiento quirúrgico en que se determinó punto de corte de PCR y albúmina por medio de una curva COR.
Resultados 78 pacientes se enrolaron en el estudio, el paso espontáneo fue de 55,1% y el restante requirió de intervención quirúrgica, el punto de corte para PCR fue 5,95 mg/L y de 2,75 g/dl para albúmina.
Conclusión El PCR es un parámetro predictivo en la expulsión de litos ureterales de tercio inferior en pacientes muy seleccionados. Se obtiene el siguiente punto de corte para predecir la eliminación del lito (5,95 mg/L) y se propone la albúmina como un nuevo parámetro bioquímico.
A Statistical Approach for the Learning Curve of Physicians in Utilization of Electronic Order Sets
Authors: Lee Jaehoon , Hulse Nathan C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Understanding a physician's behavior toward learning order sets is important as it is a key information to design order sets with optimized contents.
Objective The objective of this article is to test a hypothesis: for a physician using a new order set repeatedly, the utilization rate of order set contents has a pattern of either increase or decrease.
Methods To test the hypothesis, we retrieved empirical data of order set usage in local hospitals that adopted a new computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system and enterprise wide standard order sets. We extracted 4-year data including 63,583 orders made by 600 physicians in the inpatient setting and analyzed patterns of the learning curve at several aggregation levels.
Result The analysis results demonstrated that content modification rates over time were relatively flat except for a few localized patterns.
Conclusion Based on our finding, we reject our initial hypothesis.
On the possible origin of protein homochirality, structure, and biochemical function
Authors: Skolnick Jeffrey , Zhou Hongyi , Gao Mu 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Living systems contain mainly chiral macromolecules, including proteins. How L-chiral proteins emerged from demi-chiral mixtures is unknown. Our simulations show that, compared to contemporary proteins, demi-chiral proteins have shorter regular secondary structures due to fewer internal hydrogen bonds, but similar global folds and small molecule binding sites. Demi-chiral proteins contain L-chiral substructures matching native active site geometries. Among the most frequently generated enzymes with native active site residues are ancient functions associated with metabolism and replication. This suggests that demi-chiral proteins could engage in early metabolism, creating the feedback loop for transcription and cell formation partly responsible for life’s emergence.
Activation-induced cell death of self-reactive regulatory T cells drives autoimmunity
Authors: Badami Ester , Cexus Olivier N. F. , Quaratino Sonia 
Published: December 2019

SignificanceIn the present study, we provide evidence of a cellular mechanism of breach of tolerance in an in vivo model of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). We observe that self-antigen (Ag) specific Tregcirculate in all lymphatic tissues except for the lymph nodes (LNs) draining the thyroid, which represents the site of inflammation. By contrast, cognate effector T cells accumulate in the draining LNs and thyroid. The absence of Tregunleashes cognate Teff, which promote tissue destruction. We demonstrate that the organ-restricted disappearance of Tregis driven by the self-Ag, aberrantly expressed in a highly inflammatory environment, by a mechanism of activation-induced cell death.
Persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic properties of liquid crystal monomers and their detection in indoor residential dust
Authors: Su Huijun , Shi Shaobo , Zhu Ming , Crump Doug , Letcher Robert J. , Giesy John P. , Su Guanyong 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Liquid crystal devices, such as smartphones, televisions, and tablet computers, have become integral tools of modern society; however, people do not know the environmental effects of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs). The present study conducted an extensive survey on industries producing LCMs and generated a list containing 362 current-produced LCMs. Eighty-seven out of 362 LCMs showed potential as P&B chemicals, indicating that these LCMs would exhibit resistance to degradation and high mobility after entering the environment. Beyond that, we observed that exposure to LCMs resulted in adverse effects during in vitro screening, by use of cell culture and toxicogenomic evaluation, that were similar to effects observed for other persistent organic pollutants, and that some LCMs were detectable in samples of indoor dust.
Triple junction kinematics accounts for the 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikoura earthquake rupture complexity
Authors: Shi Xuhua , Tapponnier Paul , Wang Teng , Wei Shengji , Wang Yu , Wang Xin , Jiao Liqing 
Published: December 2019

SignificanceThe 2016, moment magnitude 7.8, Kaikoura earthquake in New Zealand’s South Island generated some of the most complex surface ruptures ever observed. However, the driving mechanism for such earthquake rupture complexity remains partly unclear. By combining 2016 coseismic slip partitioning, large-scale fault kinematics, volcanism propagation, seismicity, and slab geometry, we propose that a triple junction near Kaikoura connects the 3 fastest-slipping faults of New Zealand. That triple junction kinematics accounts for the 2016 earthquake rupture complexity. Its southwest-directed migration likely drove southward stepping of strike-slip shear within the Marlborough fault system, in classic plate-tectonic fashion.
How filthy was Cleopatra?
Authors: Coker Amy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStarting from a sexual pun in Greek reputedly made by Cleopatra in 31 bceon the word τορύνη (torunē) (‘ladle’), this paper argues that the linguist can successfully take up the “evaluator’s role” (Kádár and Culpeper 2010: 18) in ascertaining the dysphemistic value of words in historical corpora. Typically offensive words constitute a special category of impolite verbal behaviours, and it is argued that a reflection of the historical schemata which guided the use of dysphemistic words by speakers can be detected in patterns of use in extant texts, and used as a guide for their identification. The paper highlights the need for greater openness as to which “denotata” produce offensive words, and more cross-linguistic work on dysphemism. It discusses the problems of interpretation of historical metaphors, and it ends with a detailed discussion of the evidence for the dysphemistic value of the word on which Cleopatra’s pun hinges.
Whenpleaseceases to be polite
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLatinsis, contracted fromsi uis(‘if you wish’) and commonly attached to imperatives in early Latin, is usually translated as ‘please’, but some scholars have seen it as urgent rather than polite. Here, an examination of all the examples ofsisin early Latin (chiefly Plautus and Terence) demonstrates that it is neither polite nor urgent and indeed has no function in the politeness system at all: its function is as a focus-marking clitic particle. This role was only one-step in the long process of development undergone bysis, from an ‘if you wish’ offering genuine alternatives to ‘please’ (at a time before the earliest surviving evidence), then by weakening to the focus-marking particle (in early Latin) and then to disappearance (in Classical Latin).
Supercilious monk at Kiṭāgiri
Authors: Handy Christopher 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on the concepts of etiquette and politeness within a genre of Buddhist texts known as “vinaya”, or monastic law. These texts were created for the purpose of regulating behavior within the monastic institution. While they are often described by the tradition as a set of ethical principles, the content of monastic law codes also includes many things that would be better categorized as examples of normative protocol, encompassing mundane, everyday social situations that promote harmony between the monastic institution and its economic patrons. I argue here that a distinct concept of politeness can be gleaned from the narratives in these texts, despite the lack of such a category in the tradition’s own account of itself. To illustrate this point, I analyze several stories concerned with the proper deportment of monastics, demonstrating that the standards for monastic behavior were sometimes at odds with the expectations of the lay communities that supported them.
Reflexive pronouns in the Lindisfarne glosses
Authors: van Gelderen Elly 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOld English uses personal pronouns, demonstratives, and limited null subject for reference to previously mentioned nouns. It uses personal pronouns reflexively and pronouns modified by ‘self’ identical in form with an intensive. This use of a pronoun modified byselfhas been attributed to British Celtic influence. Other changes in the pronominal system have been attributed to Scandinavian influence, e.g. the introduction of the third person plural pronounthey.This paper looks at the use of the specially marked reflexives in the glosses to the Lindisfarne Gospels, a northern text where both British Celtic and Scandinavian influence may be relevant. It provides lists of all of theself-marked forms and shows, for instance, that Matthew and Mark have reflexives based on an accusative/dative pronoun followed byselfand they don’t have this form as an intensifier. British Celtic of this period has an intensifier but has no special reflexives and has lost case endings, so the Lindisfarne language is unlike British Celtic. Luke and John have intensives and reflexives, with ‘self’ modifying case-marked pronouns, again unlike British Celtic. In addition to contributing to the debate on external origins, the paper adds to the authorship debate by comparing the use of reflexives in the different gospels.
What doesāgenmean in the Lindisfarne Gospels?
Authors: Vezzosi Letizia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAldred’s interlinear glosses added to the Latin text of the Lindisfarne Gospels have undoubtedly an inestimable value as one of the most substantial representatives of late Old Northumbrian. Therefore, they have been an object of study both as a source of information on this Old English variety and on the typological changes affecting Middle English. Starting from the assumption that glosses have an ancillary function with respect to the Latin text they accompany, I have argued in the present paper that they can make a significant contribution to delineating the history and meaning of a word inasmuch as glossators could have chosen vernacular words according to their core meaning. The particular case of the verbs of possessionāganand the forms derived from it, including the past participleāgen, will be used in the following discussion of the role of glosses: the investigation of their meaning in the Lindisfarne Gospels will help us understand the development ofāgeninto the PDE attributive intensifierown.
Mapping migraine to a common brain network
Authors: Burke Matthew J , Joutsa Juho , Cohen Alexander L , Soussand Louis , Cooke Danielle , Burstein Rami , Fox Michael D 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInconsistent findings from migraine neuroimaging studies have limited attempts to localize migraine symptomatology. Novel brain network mapping techniques offer a new approach for linking neuroimaging findings to a common neuroanatomical substrate and localizing therapeutic targets. In this study, we attempted to determine whether neuroanatomically heterogeneous neuroimaging findings of migraine localize to a common brain network. We used meta-analytic coordinates of decreased grey matter volume in migraineurs as seed regions to generate resting state functional connectivity network maps from a normative connectome (n = 1000). Network maps were overlapped to identify common regions of connectivity across all coordinates. Specificity of our findings was evaluated using a whole-brain Bayesian spatial generalized linear mixed model and a region of interest analysis with comparison groups of chronic pain and a neurologic control (Alzheimer’s disease). We found that all migraine coordinates (11/11, 100%) were negatively connected (t ≥ ±7, P &lt; 10−6 family-wise error corrected for multiple comparisons) to a single location in left extrastriate visual cortex overlying dorsal V3 and V3A subregions. More than 90% of coordinates (10/11) were also positively connected with bilateral insula and negatively connected with the hypothalamus. Bayesian spatial generalized linear mixed model whole-brain analysis identified left V3/V3A as the area with the most specific connectivity to migraine coordinates compared to control coordinates (voxel-wise probability of ≥90%). Post hoc region of interest analyses further supported the specificity of this finding (ANOVA P = 0.02; pairwise t-tests P = 0.03 and P = 0.003, respectively). In conclusion, using coordinate-based network mapping, we show that regions of grey matter volume loss in migraineurs localize to a common brain network defined by connectivity to visual cortex V3/V3A, a region previously implicated in mechanisms of cortical spreading depression in migraine. Our findings help unify migraine neuroimaging literature and offer a migraine-specific target for neuromodulatory treatment.
Genetic dysregulation of endothelin-1 is implicated in coronary microvascular dysfunction
Authors: Ford Thomas J , Corcoran David , Padmanabhan Sandosh , Aman Alisha , Rocchiccioli Paul , Good Richard , McEntegart Margaret , Maguire Janet J , Watkins Stuart , Eteiba Hany , Shaukat Aadil , Lindsay Mitchell , Robertson Keith , Hood Stuart , McGeoch Ross , McDade Robert , Yii Eric , Sattar Naveed , Hsu Li-Yueh , Arai Andrew E , Oldroyd Keith G , Touyz Rhian M , Davenport Anthony P , Berry Colin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide linked to vascular diseases through a common intronic gene enhancer [(rs9349379-G allele), chromosome 6 (PHACTR1/EDN1)]. We performed a multimodality investigation into the role of ET-1 and this gene variant in the pathogenesis of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in patients with symptoms and/or signs of ischaemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods and results
Three hundred and ninety-one patients with angina were enrolled. Of these, 206 (53%) with obstructive CAD were excluded leaving 185 (47%) eligible. One hundred and nine (72%) of 151 subjects who underwent invasive testing had objective evidence of CMD (COVADIS criteria). rs9349379-G allele frequency was greater than in contemporary reference genome bank control subjects [allele frequency 46% (129/280 alleles) vs. 39% (5551/14380); P = 0.013]. The G allele was associated with higher plasma serum ET-1 [least squares mean 1.59 pg/mL vs. 1.28 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10–0.53; P = 0.005]. Patients with rs9349379-G allele had over double the odds of CMD [odds ratio (OR) 2.33, 95% CI 1.10–4.96; P = 0.027]. Multimodality non-invasive testing confirmed the G allele was associated with linked impairments in myocardial perfusion on stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T (N = 107; GG 56%, AG 43%, AA 31%, P = 0.042) and exercise testing (N = 87; −3.0 units in Duke Exercise Treadmill Score; −5.8 to −0.1; P = 0.045). Endothelin-1 related vascular mechanisms were assessed ex vivo using wire myography with endothelin A receptor (ETA) antagonists including zibotentan. Subjects with rs9349379-G allele had preserved peripheral small vessel reactivity to ET-1 with high affinity of ETA antagonists. Zibotentan reversed ET-1-induced vasoconstriction independently of G allele status.

Conclusion
We identify a novel genetic risk locus for CMD. These findings implicate ET-1 dysregulation and support the possibility of precision medicine using genetics to target oral ETA antagonist therapy in patients with microvascular angina.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03193294.
Engineering G protein-coupled receptor signalling in yeast for biotechnological and medical purposes
Authors: Lengger Bettina , Jensen Michael K 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest class of membrane proteins in the human genome, with a common denominator of seven-transmembrane domains largely conserved among eukaryotes. Yeast is naturally armoured with three different GPCRs for pheromone and sugar sensing, with the pheromone pathway being extensively hijacked for characterising heterologous GPCR signalling in a model eukaryote. This review focusses on functional GPCR studies performed in yeast and on the elucidated hotspots for engineering, and discusses both endogenous and heterologous GPCR signalling. Key emphasis will be devoted to studies describing important engineering parameters to consider for successful coupling of GPCRs to the yeast mating pathway. We also review the various means of applying yeast for studying GPCRs, including the use of yeast armed with heterologous GPCRs as a platform for (i) deorphanisation of orphan receptors, (ii) metabolic engineering of yeast for production of bioactive products and (iii) medical applications related to pathogen detection and drug discovery. Finally, this review summarises the current challenges related to expression of functional membrane-bound GPCRs in yeast and discusses the opportunities to continue capitalising on yeast as a model chassis for functional GPCR signalling studies.
Crustal seismic anisotropy of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and the adjacent areas from shear-wave splitting measurements
Authors: Hu Nan , Li Yonghua , Xu Liangxin 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYThe Northeastern Tibetan Plateau has thickened crust and is still undergoing strong active crustal shortening and deformation. Crustal anisotropy can provide clues to how the crust is currently deforming and evolving. We use an automatic method to analyse the upper-crustal anisotropy of the NE Tibetan Plateau and the adjacent region using local earthquakes recorded at 39 permanent seismic stations during the period 2009–2018. The majority of the dominant fast directions are consistent with the maximum horizontal stress orientation, suggesting that the upper-crustal anisotropy is mainly controlled by the regional or local stress field. Several fault-parallel measurements are observed for stations on or near to the main faults. These fault-parallel fast directions indicate that the main mechanism of upper-crustal anisotropy is associated with shear fabric caused by deformation. Fast directions neither fault-parallel nor stress-parallel are observed at stations lying several kilometres away from fault zones, likely reflecting the combined influence of stress-aligned microcracks and active faults. A comparison between our upper-crustal anisotropy parameters and those inferred from previous anisotropy studies that used receiver function and teleseismic shear wave splitting measurements suggests that the crust has the same deformation mechanisms as mantle anisotropy in the southern part of the Western Qinling Fault, whereas the upper-crustal anisotropic mechanism is different from those of lower crust and mantle anisotropy in the northern part of the Western Qinling Fault. These observations imply that the Western Qinling Fault may be an important boundary fault.
Critical consciousness development: a systematic review of empirical studies
Authors: Pillen Heath , McNaughton Darlene , Ward Paul R 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDeveloping an understanding of the social and political basis of marginalization is an important educational task for health education guided by frameworks of social justice. With the intention of developing an evaluative framework for use in further research, the aim of this review article is to present a synthesized framework of critical consciousness development, developed from a systematic search and qualitative synthesis of empirical studies that have examined the processes by which individuals come to critically reflect upon and act on oppressive social relations. A systematic search was conducted examining English-language literature produced between January 1970 and May 2017 within databases of PsycINFO, SCOPUS and ProQuest. A total of 20 articles were selected following a two-stage screening process and an assessment of methodological quality. Thematic analysis of findings from these texts produced a framework of critical consciousness development consisting of six qualitative processes and the relationships between them, including the priming of critical reflection, information creating disequilibrium, introspection, revising frames of reference, developing agency for change and acting against oppression. This synthesized framework of critical consciousness development is presented as a useful tool for assessing learning within critical pedagogies, albeit requiring some modification to suit specific cultural contexts and epistemologies.
Genetic susceptibility to severe childhood asthma and rhinovirus-C maintained by balancing selection in humans for 150 000 years
Authors: O’Neill Mary B , Laval Guillaume , Teixeira João C , Palmenberg Ann C , Pepperell Caitlin S 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSelective pressures imposed by pathogens have varied among human populations throughout their evolution, leading to marked inter-population differences at some genes mediating susceptibility to infectious and immune-related diseases. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of a common polymorphism resulting in a Y529 versus C529 change in the cadherin related family member 3 (CDHR3) receptor which underlies variable susceptibility to rhinovirus-C infection and is associated with severe childhood asthma. The protective variant is the derived allele and is found at high frequency worldwide (69–95%). We detected genome-wide significant signatures of natural selection consistent with a rapid increase of the haplotypes carrying the allele, suggesting that non-neutral processes have acted on this locus across all human populations. However, the allele has not fixed in any population despite multiple lines of evidence suggesting that the mutation predates human migrations out of Africa. Using an approximate Bayesian computation method, we estimate the age of the mutation while explicitly accounting for past demography and positive or frequency-dependent balancing selection. Our analyses indicate a single emergence of the mutation in anatomically modern humans ~150 000 years ago and indicate that balancing selection has maintained the beneficial allele at high equilibrium frequencies worldwide. Apart from the well-known cases of the MHC and ABO genes, this study provides the first evidence that negative frequency-dependent selection plausibly acted on a human disease susceptibility locus, a form of balancing selection compatible with typical transmission dynamics of communicable respiratory viruses that might exploit CDHR3.