bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness on the Management of Bleeding Disorders among Dental Students
Authors: Mariona Preethi , Prabu M. Dinesh 
Published: August 2020

Continuous bleeding in the surgical site can be associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality across all surgical areas. To avoid complications related to excessive bleeding, numerous products have been developed to achieve hemostasis. It is of utmost importance to know the use of each and every product and effective method on how to manage excessive bleeding. The study aims at assessing the awareness on management of bleeding disorders. An awareness based survey was conducted in January 2020 among dental students (Third years, Final years, Interns). The questionnaire consisted of 10 awareness based questions and were equally distributed among Third years, Final years, Interns. The total sample size was 150 dental students. The data collected was entered in an Excel sheet and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 20. From the results obtained it was seen that 33.33% of third years, 30% of final years and 22.67% of interns had never come across a patient with bleeding disorders. 33.33% of interns, 31.33% of final years, 28.67% of third years said that they collect a detailed history on the past medical problems of the patients. 33.33% of interns, 30.67% of final years, 20.67% of third years were aware of the possible bleeding disorders that might occur in a patient. 33.33% of interns and final years and only 4% of third years knew about hemostatic therapies. 30% of interns, 28% of final years and 16.67% of third years were aware of prophylactic transfusion of FFP. Chi square test shows p<0.05, significant. Thus it was seen that Interns had a good awareness on management of bleeding disorders when compared to the final and third years.
A novel function of Mycobacterium tuberculosis chaperonin paralog GroEL1 in copper homeostasis
Authors: Ansari Mohammed Yousuf , Batra Sakshi D. , Ojha Hina , Dhiman Kanika , Ganguly Ashish , Tyagi Jaya S. , Mande Shekhar C. 
Published: August 2020

Among the two GroEL paralogs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, GroEL1 and GroEL2, GroEL1 has a characteristic histidine‐rich C terminus. Since histidine richness is likely to be involved in metal binding, we attempted to decipher the role of GroEL1 in chelating metals and the consequence on M. tuberculosis physiology. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that GroEL1 binds copper and other metals. Mycobacterial viability assay, redox balance, and DNA protection assay concluded that GroEL1 protects from copper stress in vitro. Solution X‐ray scattering and constrained modeling of GroEL1 −/+ copper ions showed reorientation of the apical domain as seen in functional assembly. We conclude that the duplication of chaperonin genes in M. tuberculosis might have led to their evolutionary divergence and consequent functional divergence of chaperonins.
HHV‐6 and hippocampal volume in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis
Authors: Akinsoji Elizabeth O. , Leibovitch Emily , Billioux B. Jeanne , Abath Neto Osorio Lopes , Ray‐Chaudhury Abhik , Inati Sara K. , Zaghloul Kareem , Heiss John , Jacobson Steven , Theodore William H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo study the effects of human herpes virus 6 (HHV‐6) on the hippocampal volume in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS).BackgroundHHV‐6 may play an etiologic role in MTS. Previous studies found a possible association with febrile status epilepticus. Several investigators have reported a higher prevalence of HHV‐6 in MTS resections compared to other epilepsy etiologies.Design/MethodsWe used FreeSurfer to segment cortical structures and obtain whole hippocampal and subfield volumes in 41 patients with intractable epilepsy. In addition, an investigator blinded to other data traced hippocampi manually on each slice. The main study outcome measure was the asymmetry index (AI) between hippocampal volumes ipsilateral and contralateral to seizure foci compared between HHV‐6 positive and negative patients. Viral DNA was isolated from fresh brain tissue obtained at temporal lobectomy. For 25 patients, viral detection was performed using quantitative real‐time PCR specific for HHV‐6A and HHV‐6B. For 16 patients, viral DNA detection was performed using digital droplet PCR specific for HHV‐6A and HHV‐6B.ResultsTwenty‐two patients were positive (14 of 25 tested with real‐time PCR, and 8 of 16 with digital droplet PCR), and 19 negatives for HHV‐6. HHV‐6 negative patients had significantly greater AI and lower total hippocampal volume ipsilateral to seizure foci than HHV‐6 positive patients. Epilepsy duration and age of onset did not affect results.InterpretationOur data suggest multiple potential etiologies for MTS. HHV‐6 may have a less severe effect on the hippocampus than other etiologies.
White matter hyperintensities: a marker for apathy in Parkinson’s disease without dementia?
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Guo yong , Zhang Zi en , He An qi , Gan Jing , Liu Zhenguo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the relationship between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and the occurrence and progression of apathy in Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsWe recruited patients with PD who underwent baseline evaluation, which included apathy assessment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) head scans. After 2.5 years of follow‐up, we re‐evaluated patient apathy symptoms. The severity and location of WMH were assessed with fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences using the Fazekas visual rating scale. Logistic regression and linear regression analyses of baseline WMH characteristics were conducted to explore the potential association between apathy and WMH.ResultsA total of 141 PD patients were recruited. The apathy group had a higher proportion of male patients, advanced disease, and depression, which was coupled with a lower quality of life. Morever, higher WMH severity was significantly associated with apathy. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that WMH severity was a risk factor for apathy. In addition, linear regression analysis also suggests that apathy severity is positively correlated with baseline WMH Fazekas scales (ϐ = 0.959, P < 0.001). Baseline WMH severity was also a risk factor for apathy progression.InterpretationWMH is associated with apathy and could be a promising marker to predict apathy progression in PD.
Sequential Electrodeposition of Bifunctional Catalytically Active Structures in MoO3/Ni–NiO Composite Electrocatalysts for Selective Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Li Xiaopeng , Wang Yang , Wang Jiajun , Da Yumin , Zhang Jinfeng , Li Lanlan , Zhong Cheng , Deng Yida , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExploring earth‐abundant and highly efficient electrocatalysts is critical for further development of water electrolyzer systems. Integrating bifunctional catalytically active sites into one multi‐component might greatly improve the overall water‐splitting performance. In this work, amorphous NiO nanosheets coupled with ultrafine Ni and MoO3 nanoparticles (MoO3/Ni–NiO), which contains two heterostructures (i.e., Ni–NiO and MoO3–NiO), is fabricated via a novel sequential electrodeposition strategy. The as‐synthesized MoO3/Ni–NiO composite exhibits superior electrocatalytic properties, affording low overpotentials of 62 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 347 mV at 100 mA cm−2 for catalyzing the hydrogen and the oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER), respectively. Moreover, the MoO3/Ni–NiO hybrid enables the overall alkaline water‐splitting at a low cell voltage of 1.55 V to achieve 10 mA cm−2 with outstanding catalytic durability, significantly outperforming the noble‐metal catalysts and many materials previously reported. Experimental and theoretical investigations collectively demonstrate the generated Ni–NiO and MoO3–NiO heterostructures significantly reduce the energetic barrier and act as catalytically active centers for selective HER and OER, synergistically accelerating the overall water‐splitting process. This work helps to fundamentally understand the heterostructure‐dependent mechanism, providing guidance for the rational design and oriented construction of hybrid nanomaterials for diverse catalytic processes.
Formation Mechanism and Size Prediction Models for Double Emulsion CO2 Solvents
Authors: Kim Seonggon , Xu Ronghuan , Lim Hwan Suk , Kang Yong Tae 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDouble‐layered emulsion is a structure that has one more layer over the droplet, which is developed to protect the core material and is applicable to various fields such as food, cosmetic and CO2 capture. However, the mechanism of double emulsion formation is not well established. In this study, the manufacturing process of hybrid double layered emulsion CO2 solvents is analyzed to clarify the mechanism of droplet formation and to control encapsulation of chemical absorbent. The droplet formation models are developed by considering dimensionless numbers, which can predict the size of inner and middle droplets of the double emulsion structure. The droplet formation models are verified experimentally. The number of encapsulated solvents can be precisely controlled according to optimum frequencies at which the inner and middle droplets are effectively formed. In particular, the middle phase, which is the ultraviolet curable material, protects inner cores and the thickness of middle phase (shell thickness) can be predicted. Optimum ratio of middle droplet diameter to inner droplet diameter is in the range of 0.7–0.93. The optimal conditions of droplet formation are proposed by the developed models, and it can be extended to other microfluidic devices.
Dual‐Targeting Photosensitizer‐Peptide Amphiphile Conjugate for Enzyme‐Triggered Drug Delivery and Synergistic Chemo‐Photodynamic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Cheng Yin‐Jia , Qin Si‐Yong , Liu Wen‐Long , Ma Yi‐Han , Chen Xiao‐Sui , Zhang Ai‐Qing , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChemo‐photodynamic therapy is an attractive strategy in tumor treatment. However, the combination of chemotherapeutic drug and photosensitizer in nanocarriers always elevates the risk of composition uncertainty. Here, a dual‐targeting photosensitizer‐peptide amphiphile conjugate (PpIX‐GGGK(TPP)GG‐GFLG‐R7‐RGD or pPAC) is designed to encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX) for enhanced chemo‐photodynamic tumor therapy. The amphiphilic nature of pPAC leads to the formation of core‐shell structured nanomicelles in aqueous media, where DOX is loaded in the inner core. The DOX@pPAC nanomicelle displays efficient tumor cellular uptake via integrin receptor‐mediated endocytosis using RGD peptide. After successful cell internalization with the aid of R8 peptide, DOX@pPAC exhibits rapid release of DOX and protoporphyrin IX‐peptide conjugate (PpIX‐peptide) due to the Cathepsin B‐triggered hydrolysis of GFLG linker. Simultaneously, triphenylphosphonium TPP cation will accumulate photosensitizer PpIX in subcellular mitochondria, followed by in situ generation of phototoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation. In vitro investigations demonstrate that the synergistic chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of fabricated nanomicelles can significantly maximize the therapeutic effect against tumor cells with the minimal off‐target cytotoxicity. This work may provide an all‐in‐one nanosystem toward enhanced chemo‐photodynamic tumor therapy.
All‐Solution‐Processed Ultrahigh Broadband and Wide‐Angle Perfect Absorber Based on Mxene–Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Ali Wajid , Mideksa Megersa F. , Hou Ke , Li Hongdong , Wang Xiaoli , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBroadband perfect absorbers are of great importance for various applications such as stealth technologies, thermal photovoltaic cells, optical communication, photodetection, and photovoltaic devices. However, they are often made by lithographic techniques with high cost and complexity, which hinders their practical applications. The design of broadband and ultrahigh absorber at low cost and ease in fabrication is still a big challenge in the field of optics. Here, an all‐solution‐processed plasmonic perfect absorber is proposed and demonstrated by incorporating Mxene Ti3C2Tx (Tx = F, O or OH) and gold nanoparticles (NPs) in metal–insulator–metal configuration. The absorption of the designed plasmonic absorber can reach up to 99% with polarization‐ and angle‐independence in a broad range of wavelengths from ultraviolet to near‐infrared region. This ultrahigh and broadband absorbance is attributed to the synergy of plasmon resonance, magnetic resonance, and cavity effect between gold NPs layer and Mxene film, which is further corroborated by simulations of the finite element method for both random and patterned orientation of the gold nanoparticles. The excellent optical property together with the easy fabrication method paves the way for preparing photon‐absorbing nanostructures in photocatalysis and solar photovoltaics.
Multiresolution Imaging Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Identifies Distinct Biodistribution Profiles of Extracellular Vesicles and Exomeres with Redirected Tropism
Authors: Wu Anthony Yan‐Tang , Sung Yun‐Chieh , Chen Yen‐Ju , Chou Steven Ting‐Yu , Guo Vanessa , Chien Jasper Che‐Yung , Ko John Jun‐Sheng , Yang Alan Ling , Huang Hsi‐Chien , Chuang Ju‐Chen , Wu Syuan , Ho Meng‐Ru , Ericsson Maria , Lin Wan‐Wan , Cheung Chantal Hoi Yin , Juan Hsueh‐Fen , Ueda Koji , Chen Yunching , Lai Charles Pin‐Kuang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExtracellular particles (EPs) including extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exomeres play significant roles in diseases and therapeutic applications. However, their spatiotemporal dynamics in vivo have remained largely unresolved in detail due to the lack of a suitable method. Therefore, a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)‐based reporter, PalmGRET, is created to enable pan‐EP labeling ranging from exomeres (<50 nm) to small (<200 nm) and medium and large (>200 nm) EVs. PalmGRET emits robust, sustained signals and allows the visualization, tracking, and quantification of the EPs from whole animal to nanoscopic resolutions under different imaging modalities, including bioluminescence, BRET, and fluorescence. Using PalmGRET, it is shown that EPs released by lung metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibit lung tropism with varying distributions to other major organs in immunocompetent mice. It is further demonstrated that gene knockdown of lung‐tropic membrane proteins, solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1, alanine aminopeptidase/Cd13, and chloride intracellular channel 1 decreases HCC‐EP distribution to the lungs and yields distinct biodistribution profiles. It is anticipated that EP‐specific imaging, quantitative assays, and detailed in vivo characterization are a starting point for more accurate and comprehensive in vivo models of EP biology and therapeutic design.
Graphene–Polyurethane Coatings for Deformable Conductors and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Cataldi Pietro , Papageorgiou Dimitrios G. , Pinter Gergo , Kretinin Andrey V. , Sampson William W. , Young Robert J. , Bissett Mark , Kinloch Ian A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectrically conductive, polymeric materials that maintain their conductivity even when under significant mechanical deformation are needed for actuator electrodes, conformable electromagnetic shielding, stretchable tactile sensors, and flexible energy storage. The challenge for these materials is that the percolated, electrically conductive networks tend to separate even at low strains, leading to significant piezoresistance. Herein, deformable conductors are fabricated by spray‐coating a nitrile substrate with a graphene–elastomer solution. The electrical resistance of the coatings shows a decrease after thousands of bending cycles and a slight increase after repeated folding‐unfolding events. The deformable conductors double their electrical resistance at 12% strain and are washable without changing their electrical properties. The conductivity–strain behavior is modeled by considering the nanofiller separation upon deformation. To boost the conductivity at higher strains, the production process is adapted by stretching the nitrile substrate before spraying, after which it is released. This adaption meant that the electrical resistance doubles at 25% strain. The electrical resistance is found sufficiently low to give a 1.9 dB µm−1 shielding in the 8–12 GHz electromagnetic band. The physical and electrical properties, including the electro magnetic screening, of the flexible conductors, are found to deteriorate upon cycling but can be recovered through reheating the coating.
Biochar affects growth and shoot nitrogen in four crops for two soils
Authors: Olszyk David , Shiroyama Tamotsu , Novak Jeffrey , Cantrell Keri , Sigua Gilbert , Watts Donald , Johnson Mark G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo address the need for information on biochar effects on crop growth and nitrogen (N), a greenhouse study was conducted with carrot, lettuce, soybean, and sweet corn using sandy loam (Coxville series) and loamy sand (Norfolk series) soils and a variety of biochars. Biochar was produced from pine chips (PC), poultry litter (PL), swine solids (SS), switchgrass (SG), and two blends of PC plus PL (50/50% [55] and 80/20% [82], wt/wt), with each feedstock pyrolyzed at 350, 500, or 700 ˚C. The results confirmed that biochar can increase crop growth; however, the responses varied with crop, soil, and feedstock and to a lesser extent with pyrolysis temperature. In general, lettuce had large increases in shoot and root dry weights vs. no‐biochar controls with many biochars, primarily the SS and 55 blend and to a lesser extent with 82 followed by PL, and then PC and SG, especially when grown in the Coxville soil. Biochar had more limited effects on carrot, sweet corn, and soybean weights. Some biochars decreased crop growth (e.g., PL at 700 ˚C) for soybean shoot and pod dry weights with the Norfolk soil. Shoot N concentrations decreased with SS, 55, and 82 for carrot, lettuce, and sweet corn with the Norfolk soil but tended to increase for soybean. Shoot N uptake increased or decreased depending on biochar feedstock and temperature, crop, and soil. These results confirm that biochar can increase crop growth and affect shoot N, which is essential for crop growth.
Carinata growth, yield, and chemical composition responses to nitrogen fertilizer management
Authors: Seepaul Ramdeo , Mulvaney Michael J. , Small Ian M. , George Sheeja , Wright David L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProduction of carinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun) as a winter crop in the Southeast United States presents a unique opportunity for growers to produce significant amounts of biofuel feedstock to meet domestic energy needs. Field experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of N application rates (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg N ha−1) and split management (single, two‐way split, or three‐way split of 90 kg N ha−1 applied at planting, bolting, and flowering) on carinata growth, yield, and chemical composition. In Study 1, plant height, mainstem node numbers, primary and secondary branches, pod length, pods numbers, and seeds per pod increased quadratically with N application rate. Averaged over the 5 yr, seed yield response to N application rate was quadratic and ranged from 1,245 kg ha−1 with 0 kg N ha−1 to 2,444 kg ha−1 with 117 kg N ha−1. The economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) occurred at 103 kg N ha–1, which produced 2,427 kg seed ha−1 representing a US$386 ha−1 profit margin. Except for protein, N application rate did not have an effect on glucosinolates and fatty acid composition. In Study 2, a split application of N had variable effects on carinata growth; however, seed yield did not vary with split management or timing of N averaging 3,905 kg ha−1. Split management and N source did not have an effect on seed chemical composition. These results suggest that carinata grown at the EONR of 103 kg N ha−1 can maximize seed and oil production in the Southeast.
Ridge‐furrow and film‐mulching sowing practices enhance enzyme activity and alter fungi communities
Authors: Huang Chunguo , Yang Wenping , Chen Yinglong , Han Xiaoli , Khan Shahbaz , Gao Zhiqiang , Yang Zhenping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe activities of soil resident enzymes and fungal communities are critical for soil health and ecosystem functionality. However, their dynamics in response to variations in sowing techniques are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of wide‐ridge and narrow‐furrow (WR&NF), film‐mulching ridge (FMR), and conventional drilling (CD) practices on the activities of soil‐residing enzymes and fungal communities in a dryland wheat field on the Loess Plateau. Photometrically, unbuffered, and colorimetric methods were employed to determine the activities of alkaline phosphatases, urease, and sucrase enzymes, respectively. Soil fungal diversity and community composition was measured via the Illumina Miseq 2500 sequencing method. The results revealed that WR&NF and FMR practices significantly enhanced the soil activities of alkaline phosphatases, urease, and sucrase, while improving soil fungal communities including Chytridiomycota phylum and Phoma (Ascomycota), Olpidium (Chytridiomycota), and Trichosporon (Basidiomycota) genera. Both the enzymatic activities and fungal community compositions of the soils under study varied from rhizosphere to non‐rhizosphere, as well as at different soil depths. Remarkably, several soil fungal genera, including Cystofilobasidium (Basidiomycota), Triparticalcar (Chytridiomycota), and Guehomyces (Basidiomycota) were more abundant in the subsoil than topsoil. In general, we observed that ridge‐furrow and film‐mulching practices enhanced the enzyme activities and improved fungal communities of soils. Therefore, the wide‐ridge and narrow‐furrow sowing technique is recommended as an environmentally compatible practice to benefit the arid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields of the Loess Plateau.
Adolescent growth and BMI and their associations with early childhood growth in an urban South African cohort
Authors: Nyati Lukhanyo H. , Pettifor John M. , Ong Ken K. , Norris Shane A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe timing and magnitude of adolescent growth may be influenced by ethnicity and early life factors. We aimed to (a) characterize ethnic differences in the magnitude, timing, and intensity of adolescent growth in height, weight, and BMI; (b) assess the effect of early childhood growth on adolescent growth in black children.MethodsData were from the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort (Bt20+) in Johannesburg, South Africa (n = 3273). Height, weight, and BMI were modeled with ethnic comparisons using the SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation for 2089 participants who had data from 7 to 23 years. Relative weight gain and relative linear growth between 0 and 24 months and 24 and 60 months were generated. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess associations between childhood and adolescent growth.ResultsWhite children were 5 cm (SE: 0.7) taller than black children through adolescence. Black boys had a later timing of adolescent height (0.65 years ±0.12) than white boys, which in black girls was 0.24 years (0.11) earlier than in white girls. Black girls had faster BMI velocity than white girls. Among black children, birth weight and both relative weight gain 0 to 24 and relative linear growth between 3 and 24 months and 24 and 60 months were positively associated with the magnitude of adolescent growth and negatively associated with timing.ConclusionSex dimorphism in ethnic differences in timing of adolescent height growth may reflect some yet unexplained drivers for rapid weight gain and obesity in black females but not black males. Rapid weight gain in early life may contribute to faster adiposity accrual in adolescence.