bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacher Strategies in the Implementation of Distance Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Erlina Ida Ayu Hani , Rafid Rahmad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This study aims to examine teacher strategies in implementing distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used a descriptive qualitative approach to the type of case study research and used a phenomenological paradigm. Because seeing the current pandemic conditions that are still ongoing. So, the data collection technique in this study was carried out online through a questionnaire distributed via google form, by asking several questions related to the problem to be studied. Then, for informants in this study were some school teachers from several regions in Java and Lampung and from three levels of education units, namely SD, SMP, and SMA. The data analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis which aims as a tool to map data and reveal the meaning behind the data that has been obtained. The results showed that the distance learning strategies used by teachers during the pandemic were predominantly effective and smooth. However, there were several obstacles that were found during the learning process, such as poor network connections and a lack of student motivation to take part in distance learning. Therefore, there is a need for effective self-development of teachers on an ongoing basis to improve competence. The role of government through policies made is also very important as a forum for increasing human resources
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji strategi guru dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus dan menggunakan paradigma fenomenologi. Karena melihat kondisi pandemi yang sekarang ini masih berlangsung. Maka, teknik pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara online melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan melalui google form, dengan mengajukan beberapa pertanyaan terkait dengan masalah yang akan diteliti. Kemudian, untuk informan dalam penelitian ini adalah beberapa guru sekolah dari beberapa daerah yang berada di Pulau Jawa dan Lampung dan dari tiga tingkat satuan pendidikan yaitu SD, SMP, dan SMA. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif yang bertujuan sebagai alat untuk memetakan data dan mengungkap makna dibalik data yang telah didapatkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa strategi pembelajaran jarak jauh yang digunakan oleh guru selama masa pandemi secara dominan berjalan efektif dan lancar. Tetapi, ada beberapa kendala yang ditemukan selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung seperti koneksi jaringan yang kurang baik serta kurangnya motivasi siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran jarak jauh. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya pengembangan diri secara efektif pada guru secara berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi. Peran pemerintah melalui kebijakan yang dibuat juga sangat penting sebagai wadah dalam meningkatkan sumber daya manusia.
Depiction of Hazrat Adam (A.S) in the Poetry of Rehman Baba
Authors: Danish Bettani Dr. Noor Muhammad , Dr. Ishfaq Ali  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Rehman Baba is considered a famous folk poet of Pashto. His poetry is mystic rather universal. The messages his poetic verses convey are universal as well as local. The locals and the foreigners, having comprehension of his poetic creations, entertain humanistic love and attachment with him. He is loved particularly amongst Pashtuns because his poetry is written in Pashto language. The Pashtuns without the any bias of age and gender entertain love and devotion to his poetry. His poetry has depicted the soul and body of the Pashtun’s culture. That’s why, most of his poetry has taken the shape of proverbs amongst Pashtun. Talmeeh refers to the historical, political, ethical and religious events or the Quranic injunctions and prophetic sayings. Poetry of Rehmana Baba is abundant in religious Talmeehat. He has depicted Hazrat Adam (A.S) in his poetic creation on various places. There is a strong need to analyze it. This paper examines and analyzes the religious Talmeehat focusing particulary related to Hazrat Adam (A.S).
Memoria del Director de la Biblioteca Nacional
Authors: De Losada y Puga Cristóbal 
Published: January 2021

Memoria de la Biblioteca Nacional, en que aparecerán sintetizadas las actividades de esta Institución durante el período comprendido entre el 13 de Julio de 1948 y el 28 de Julio de 1950, suscrita por don Cristóbal de Losada y Puga.
Digital Communication and Hybrid Threats
Authors: Arcos Rubén , Smith Hanna 
Published: January 2021

La amenaza híbrida es un concepto que aparece en documentos oficiales y estrategias de seguridad de los estados. Tanto la UE como la OTAN han tomado medidas serias para contrarrestar la actividad relacionada con las amenazas híbridas. Este monográfico sobre comunicación digital y amenazas híbridas tiene como objetivo avanzar en la comprensión de cómo los actores de amenazas híbridas utilizan y pueden potencialmente explotar el entorno de la información para atacar las sociedades democráticas y los procesos de toma de decisiones en diferentes niveles, para diferentes propósitos. Las TIC han traído avances notables en la forma en que obtenemos información y construimos conciencia sobre el mundo y sus eventos e interactuamos con los demás, pero al mismo tiempo crean oportunidades para realizar operaciones e influenciar con una intención hostil. La guerra política, las medidas activas y las acciones encubiertas dirigidas por la comunicación no son nuevas, y la propaganda se ha utilizado a lo largo de la historia en situaciones de conflicto y guerra. Estas herramientas son empleadas por actores autoritarios hostiles y / o en una escala que ha interferido en procesos democráticos como las elecciones, erosiona la confianza en las instituciones, polariza y divide las sociedades de manera malsana. Dado que los seres humanos toman decisiones basadas en sus representaciones sobre el mundo y la información disponible a través de interacciones simbólicas interpersonales y a través de los diferentes medios, la información puede ser utilizada deliberadamente para actividades malignas que produzcan efectos cognitivos, afectivos y conductuales.
Income Redistributive Effects (IREs) on Poverty and Inequality in Latin America: A Cross-Country Analysis
Authors: Bundala Ntogwa N. 
Published: January 2021

This paper analysed the effects of taxes and benefits on income inequality and poverty in Latin America. The study used an exploratory research design, with both linear and nonlinear regression models. The paper found that both direct and indirect taxes have no direct influence on income inequality and poverty in a short-term. Significantly, the social spending is found to reduce both poverty and inequality. The paper concluded that, taxes –benefits system in Latin America is effective to eradicate income inequality and poverty, but it is ineffective to reduce the poverty rate and income inequality amongst the countries. The paper recommended that the countries in Latin America should set the policy priority on increasing the social spending in term of direct benefits, in-kind benefits and contributory pensions and subsidies as found to have a linear relationship with the income inequality and poverty.
Status and Risk Factors Associated with Urinary Schistosomiasis among the Primary School Children in Some Communities of Shinkafi Local Government Area, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Authors: Bala A. Y. , Atu Salau Shafa’ , Bandya H. M. , Aliyu Mahmuda , Suleiman J. 
Published: January 2021

Urinary schistosomiasis among the primary school children remain among the major public health problems that affect cognitive domain of the pupils. The present research was conducted to investigate the status and risk factors associated with urinary schistosomiasis among the community primary schools children in Shinkafi local government area of Zamfara State Nigeria. Four risk factors (Haematuria, source of water for domestic used, river visit and purpose of river visit) were considered to be associated with urinary schistosomiasis infection in the study area; four community primary schools were selected, 400 pupils were recruited for this study, each selected student was asked to produce terminal end urine in a screw cap universal sample bottle, the samples were analyzed with combi_10 reagent strips and then examined microscopically after filtration to count the number of Schistosoma eggs/10 mils of urine. One hundred and seventy three 173 pupils were found positive which gave the prevalence of 43.1%, higher significant infections was observed among the pupils that are using river (70.0%) as their source of drinking water; those that visit river (52.5%) and those that said fishing is their purpose of river visit (70.6%). The infection was not significant with regard to presence of haematuria in the urine samples. Pupils who used river as their source of drinking water had more than 2x likelihood of been infected than those that used other source of drinking water, those that visit rivers had more than 14x likelihood of having infection than those whose did not visit river, pupils who visited the river for fishing are 22.60 times likelihood of developing the infection than the pupils who visited the river for some other reasons. Conclusively, source of drinking water, river visit and purpose of river visits are the potential risk factor that increased likelihood of higher infection among the pupils in the study area.
Evaluation of Nutritional, Microbial and Sensory Attributes of Rice Tuwo Flour Fortified with Soy and Plantain Flour Blends
Authors: A Noah Abimbola. , E Omoyeni Serah. 
Published: January 2021

Aims: The aim of the work is to investigate the effect of soybean and Plantain flour fortification on the nutritional, microbial and sensory qualities of rice flour paste (Tuwo) fortified with soy and plantain flour blends.
Methodology: White rice was cleansed, sorted and soaked in water for 12hrs and dried at 60OC for 12hrs. White rice was fortified with soybean and plantain flour at 10, 15, 20, 25% respectively while 100% white rice flour serve as the control. Nutrient, microbial and sensory qualities of the samples were determined using standard methods.
Results: There were significant differences (p≤.05) and increase in values of all the nutritional properties with increase in substitution of soy-plantain flour. The protein content ranges from (2.19 – 21.46%), Fat content (1.67 – 18.51%), Fiber (0.68 – 6.78%), Ash content (1.37 - 2.26%), Moisture content (10.16 – 12.47%) of the blends respectively, while the carbohydrate contents of the blends was significantly lower to that of the control sample. The mineral content increased where the abundant mineral was potassium (29.22 – 45.57 mg/100g) and zinc (2.66 – 3.34 mg/100g) been the least mineral element. The microbial analysis shows a lower microbial counts of prepared tuwo samples, which makes it safe for consumption. Mean total viable count range from 1.10 to 3.50 x102 cfu/g, Staphylococcus count range from 0.00 to 1.03 x102 cfu/g. fungi count range from 0.00 to 0.60 102 cfu/g with no growh of salmonella from all the samples respectively. The sensory evaluation result shows that the sample from whole rice was highly rated but sample B with 80% rice flour, 10% soy flour and 10% plantain flour has the highest preference in terms of taste, colour, aroma, texture, smoothness and overall acceptability.
Conclusion: This fortification highly improve its nutrient contents and slightly improves microbial and organoleptic properties of rice tuwo, which can serve as alternative protein supplement.
On Almost Semi-Invariant Submanifold of A Normal Almost Paracontact Manifold
Authors: Singh Gajendra 
Published: January 2021

In the present paper we have obtained some properties of an almost semi-invariant of a normal almost paracontact manifold. The integrability condition of distributions have also been discussed. According to these cases normal almost paracontact manifold is categorized and its used to demonstrate that the method presented in this paper is effective.
Methanocorpusculaceae
Authors: Shao Nana , Akinyemi Taiwo S. , Whitman William B. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Me.tha.no.cor.pus.cu.la.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n.
Methanocorpusculum
type genus of the family; ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Methanocorpusculaceae
the family of
Methanocorpusculum
.

Halobacteriota / Methanomicrobia / Methanomicrobiales / Methanocorpusculaceae

Small, irregular cocci, <2 μm in diameter. Endospores not formed. Stain Gram‐negative. Lysed by detergent or hypotonic shock. Nonmotile or very weakly motile. Strictly anaerobic. Optimal growth temperature is 30–37°C; optimal pH is near 7.0. NaCl is not required for growth. Energy production by reduction of CO
2
to CH
4
, with H
2
, formate, and sometimes secondary alcohols as electron donors; acetate, methylamines, or methanol are not catabolized. Acetate and either yeast extract, peptones, or rumen fluid are required as carbon and nitrogen sources. Sulfide serves as a sulfur source. Occur in sewage sludge digesters, anaerobic wastewater treatment plants, and anaerobic reactors. Currently, one genus is described.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 49.8–52.4 (Genome).

Type genus
:
Methanocorpusculum
Zellner et al. 1987, VL24.
Desulfohalotomaculaceae
fam. nov.
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

N.L. neut. n.
Desulfohalotomaculum
type genus of the family; suff.
‐aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. masc. pl. n.
Desulfohalotomaculaceae
the family of
Desulfohalotomaculum
.

Desulfotomaculota (Firmicutes_B) / Desulfotomaculia / Desulfotomaculales /
Desulfohalotomaculaceae
fam. nov.

Cells are straight or slightly curved rods to vibroids. Type species of the type genus stains Gram‐negative. Cells of the genera
Desulfofalx
,
Desulfovectis
, and
Desulforadius
stain Gram‐positive. Oval spores occur central, subterminal, or terminal of cells. Nonmotile or motile by means of flagella. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Thermophilic or mesophilic. Alkaliphilic or neutrophilic. NaCl is essential for growth. The type species of the type genus is halophilic. Chemoorganoheterotrophic growth occurs using organic acids and alcohols. Chemolithoautotrophic growth with H
2
and CO
2
is observed in species of two genera. Substrates are incompletely oxidized. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate serve as electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Pyruvate fermentation is observed in some species. Desulfoviridin is absent. The major cellular fatty acids are C
16:0
, C
18:0
, iso‐C
15:0
, iso‐C
17:1
, I/anteiso‐C
17:1
B, C
16:1
, C
18:1
δ1, and C
18:1
ω7
c
. The family currently accommodates four genera,
Desulfohalotomaculum, Desulfofalx, Desulfovectis,
and
Desulforadius
. The type genus is
Desulfohalotomaculum
. The type strain of the type species of the genus
Desulfohalotomaculum
was isolated from a mixture of ground water and oil from an oil‐producing well containing 70 g/l of total salinity.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
:
44.4–56.3 (LC); 44.2 (genome).

Type genus
:
Desulfohalotomaculum
Watanabe et al. 2018
VP
.
Frederiksenia
Authors: Kuhnert Peter , Christensen Henrik , Bisgaard Magne , Korczak Bożena M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Fre.de.rik.sen'i.a. N.L. fem. n.
Frederiksenia
named in tribute to Wilhelm C. Frederiksen, a Danish microbiologist, for his contribution to research on
Pasteurellaceae
.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pasteurellales / Pasteurellaceae / Frederiksenia

The description of
Frederiksenia
is based on the characterization of 24 strains from five European countries and were mainly isolated from dogs and human dog‐bite wounds. The strains were previously classified as Bisgaard taxon 16 and formed a phenotypically and genetically homogenous group within the family
Pasteurellaceae
. The genus is phenotypically similar to
Pasteurella
, but phylogenetically forms a clearly separated monophyletic branch based on 16S rRNA,
rpoB
,
infB
, and
recN
gene sequences.
Frederiksenia
showed closest genetic relationship with
Bibersteinia trehalosi
. Predicted genome similarity values based on the
recN
gene sequences between taxon 16 isolates and the type strains of type species of known genera of
Pasteurellaceae
were below the genus level. Furthermore, MALDI‐TOF clearly separated it from all other genera of
Pasteurellaceae
, showing a characteristic peak combination. The genus is currently formed by a single species
Frederiksenia canicola
. Major whole‐cell fatty acids for the type strain of this species are C
14:0
, C
16:0
, C
18:0
, and C
16:1
ω7
c
/C
15:0
iso 2OH. Major respiratory quinones are menaquinone‐8, ubiquinone‐8, and demethylmenaquinone‐8.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 42.6 by genome analysis of the type strain DSM 25797
T
.

Type species
:
Frederiksenia canicola
Korczak et al. 2014, VL158.
“
Psychrodesulfovibrio
” gen. nov.
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Psy.chro.de.sul.fo.vi'bri.o. Gr. masc. adj.
psychros,
cold; N.L. masc. n.
Desulfovibrio,
a bacterial genus; N.L. masc. n.
Psychrodesulfovibrio
, a
Desulfovibrio
living in the cold.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfovibrionaceae /
Psychrodesulfovibrio
gen. nov.

Cells are vibrio‐shaped, 0.3–0.8 × 0.5–2.0 μm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum. Strictly anaerobic, having respiratory and fermentative types of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic. Lactate, pyruvate, succinate, malate, ethanol, and butanol serve as electron donors and carbon sources and are incompletely oxidized to acetate. Formate can serve as an electron donor in the presence of acetate as an organic carbon source. H
2
plus CO
2
is not used. Sulfate serves as a terminal electron acceptor and is reduced to H
2
S. Desulfoviridin is present. Fermentative growth on pyruvate and malate. Mesophilic, the optimum temperature for growth is 28–30°C. Slightly alkaliphilic and aerotolerant. Media containing a reductant and
p
‐aminobenzoate are required for growth. Occur in freshwater, brackish water, and habitats with marine NaCl concentrations such as oil fields.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 49.3 (LC).

Type species
:
“
Psychrodesulfovibrio psychrotolerans
”
comb. nov. (basonym:
Desulfovibrio psychrotolerans
Sasi Jyothsna et al., 2008
VP
).
Cavicella
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Egas Conceição 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Ca.vi.cel'la. L. neut. n.
cavum
a cave (hole); L. fem. n.
cella
a small room, a cell; N.L. fem. n.
Cavicella
a cell from a cave (hole).

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pseudomonadales / Moraxellaceae / Cavicella

The genus
Cavicella
comprises one species named
Cavicella subterranea
. The organism forms rod‐shaped cells that are 0.5 μm in width and 2.5–3.0 μm in length. The species is nonmotile. Cells stain Gram‐negative and endospores are not observed. Colonies are nonpigmented. The species
C. subterranea
is mesophilic and strictly aerobic. Possess cytochrome
c
oxidase and is catalase positive. Chemoorganotrophic. Growth factors are necessary for growth in minimal defined medium. Acetate and pyruvate are used as carbon and energy sources; sugars, amino acids, and polyols tested are not used for growth. Major respiratory quinone of this species is ubiquinone 12 (U‐12). The polar lipid profile is composed of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and one unidentified phospholipid (PL). Fatty acids are primarily straight‐chain saturated and monounsaturated; hydroxy fatty acids are also present. The type strain was isolated from a deep aquifer.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 62.0 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Cavicella subterranea
França et al. 2015a
VP
.
Fimbriiglobus
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Fim.bri.i. glo'bus. L. fem. pl. n.
fimbriae
fibres, threads, fringe, and in biology, fimbriae; L. masc. n.
globus
ball; N.L. masc. n.
Fimbriiglobus
, fimbriae‐covered ball.

Planctomycetes / Planctomycetia / Gemmatales / Gemmataceae / Fimbriiglobus

The genus
Fimbriiglobus
is represented by planctomycetes with spherical cells, which occur singly, in pairs, or are assembled in large aggregates. Cell division occurs by means of budding; both daughter and adult cells are nonmotile. Cells are uniformly covered by numerous fimbriae and crateriform pits. Members of the genus are moderately acidophilic and mesophilic chemoorganotrophic aerobes. Most sugars and a number of polysaccharides are used as growth substrates. Type strain of the type species,
Fimbriiglobus ruber
SP5
T
, is capable of hydrolyzing chitin, which is used as a source of nitrogen. The major fatty acids are C
20:1
ω9
c
, C
16:1
ω
9
c
, and C
16:0
. The major polar lipid is trimethylornithine. This genus is a member of the phylum
Planctomycetes
, class
Planctomycetia,
order
Gemmatales
, family
Gemmataceae
. Representatives of this genus are common inhabitants of boreal and tundra wetlands.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 64.2 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Fimbriiglobus ruber
Kulichevskaya et al. 2017
VP
.
Multicomponent and One‐pot Syntheses of Quinoxalines
Authors: Biesen Lukas , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractQuinoxalines represent bicyclic nitrogen‐containing heterocycles with a wide array of applications. They exhibit a multitude of biological activities relevant in medicinal chemistry as well as a plethora of luminescence properties. Quinoxaline syntheses exploit the whole raft of multicomponent syntheses from domino to sequential or consecutive reactions, harvesting well‐known synthetic concepts and reactions, such as Ugi‐reactions, but also leading to the development of novel reactions and sequences. Diversity‐oriented synthesis and transition metal catalyzed multicomponent reactions open efficient pathways to quinoxalines and quinoxaline‐containing moieties in a one‐pot fashion. This review outlines the underlying reaction‐based principles of multicomponent syntheses of quinoxalines and summarizes recent developments quinoxaline‐directed MCRs, illustrating their scopes.magnified image
Direct Reductive Amination of Biobased Furans to N‐Substituted Furfurylamines by Engineered Reductive Aminase
Authors: Yang Zi‐Yue , Hao Ya‐Cheng , Hu Song‐Qing , Zong Min‐Hua , Chen Qi , Li Ning 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFurfurylamines are important building blocks for the synthesis of many pharmacologically active compounds and polymers. In this work, direct reductive amination of biobased furans to N‐substituted furfurylamines by reductive aminase from Aspergillus oryzae (AspRedAm) was reported. Besides the reductive aminase activity, AspRedAm also showed a promiscuous, yet low alcohol dehydrogenase activity. The variant W210F proved to be a good catalyst for the synthesis of N‐substituted furfurylamines. Furans were transformed to the target products with the conversions up to >99% and selectivities up to >99%. In addition, N‐substituted furfurylamines were synthesized in the total turnover number (TTN) up to 3200 on a preparative scale, indicating the applicability of this biocatalytic route in synthetic chemistry.magnified image
Ayme gripp syndrome in an Indian patient
Authors: Chaudhry Chakshu , Kaur Parminder , Srivastava Priyanka , Kaur Anupriya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAyme Gripp syndrome (OMIM#601088) is a multisystem disorder caused by heterozygous variation in the MAF (OMIM*177075). The typical phenotype comprises a tetralogy of congenital cataract, sensory neural hearing loss, a characteristic facial appearance along with neurodevelopment abnormalities. Exact prevalence estimates are unknown. Only 21 individuals representing 19 families have been reported in the literature till date. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed case report of a boy with Ayme Gripp syndrome from our country. Although he had multiple typical features of the syndrome along with a known pathogenic variation in the MAF, cataract was not observed in him at the age of seven years.