bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measure What You Treat: Using Language Sample Analysis for Grammatical Outcome Measures in Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Gallagher John F. , Hoover Jill R. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
Language sample analysis (LSA) is commonly used to monitor progress for children with language disorders (Pavelko et al., 2016). For children with grammar goals, pediatric speech-language pathologists report mean length of utterance (MLU) and type–token ratio (TTR) as the two LSA measures most commonly used (Finestack & Satterlund, 2018). For focused grammatical intervention, these measures may be ineffective in capturing treatment growth. In this clinical focus article, we provide a preliminary comparison of four measures that could be considered as progress monitoring tools following intervention for one finiteness marker.

Method

Pre- and posttreatment spontaneous language samples from six children with developmental language disorder who underwent treatment for the third-person singular
–s
(
–3s
) morpheme were analyzed qualitatively. Four measures are reported: MLU, TTR, percent accuracy of
–3s
, and Tense and Agreement Productivity score of
–3s
(cf. Hadley & Short, 2005).

Results

Increases were most common across participants in measures that examined use of the treatment target (i.e., percent accuracy and Tense and Agreement Productivity score of
–3s
). Changes in MLU were not always congruent with measures of the treatment target. Change was mostly not appreciable for TTR.

Conclusions

For preschool-aged children with developmental language disorder, MLU and TTR may not be effective as the sole outcome measures following treatment of
–3s.
Our six case studies highlight the benefit of measuring the treated skill as discretely as possible and with multiple measures. More research is needed into the use of LSA for outcome measures in children with language disorders.
Theoretical studies of energy levels and transition data for Zr III
Authors: Rynkun P. , Gaigalas G. , Jönsson P. 
Published: March 2020

Aims. We seek to present accurate and extensive transition data for the Zr III ion. These data are useful in many astrophysical applications.
Methods. We used the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock and relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) methods, which are implemented in the general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package GRASP2018. The transverse-photon (Breit) interaction, vacuum polarization, and self-energy corrections are included in the RCI computations.
Results. Energy spectra were calculated for the 88 lowest states in the Zr III ion. The root-mean-square deviation obtained in this study for computed energy spectra from the experimental data is 450 cm−1. Electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), and electric quadrupole (E2) transition data, line strengths, weighted oscillator strengths, and transition rates are computed between the above states together with the corresponding lifetimes. The computed transition rates are smaller than the experimental rates and the disagreement for weaker transitions is much larger than the experimental error bars. The computed lifetimes agree with available experimental values within the experimental uncertainties.
Thermal instabilities: Fragmentation and field misalignment of filament fine structure
Authors: Claes N. , Keppens R. , Xia C. 
Published: March 2020

Context. Prominences show a surprising amount of fine structure and it is widely believed that their threads, as seen in Hα observations, provide indirect information concerning magnetic field topology. Both prominence and coronal rain condensations most likely originate from thermal instabilities in the solar corona. It is still not understood how non-linear instability evolution shapes the observed fine structure of prominences. Investigating this requires multidimensional, high-resolution simulations to resolve all emerging substructure in great detail.
Aims. We investigate the spontaneous emergence and evolution of fine structure in high-density condensations formed through the process of thermal instability under typical solar coronal conditions. Our study reveals intricate multidimensional processes that occur through in situ condensations in a representative coronal volume in a low plasma beta regime.
Methods. We quantified slow wave eigenfunctions used as perturbations and discuss under which conditions the thermal mode is unstable when anisotropic thermal conduction effects are included. We performed 2D and 3D numerical simulations of interacting slow magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave modes when all relevant non-adiabatic effects are included. Multiple levels of adaptive mesh refinement achieve a high resolution near regions with high density, thereby resolving any emerging fine structure automatically. Our study employs a local periodic coronal region traversed by damped slow waves inspired by the presence of such waves observed in actual coronal magnetic structures.
Results. We show that the interaction of multiple slow MHD wave modes in a regime unstable to the thermal mode leads to thermal instability. This initially forms pancake-like structures almost orthogonal to the local magnetic field, while low-pressure induced inflows of matter generate rebound shocks. This is succeeded by the rapid disruption of these pancake sheets through thin-shell instabilities evolving naturally from minute ram pressure imbalances. This eventually creates high-density blobs accompanied by thread-like features from shear flow effects. The further evolution of the blobs follows the magnetic field lines, such that a dynamical realignment with the background magnetic field appears. However, the emerging thread-like features are not at all field-aligned, implying only a very weak link between fine structure orientation and magnetic field topology.
Conclusions. As seen in our synthetic Hα views, threads formed by non-linear thermal instability evolution do not strictly outline magnetic field structure and this finding has far-reaching implications for field topology interpretations based on Hα observations.
Les Séminaires de Monteguidi
Authors: Taccani Simona 
Published: March 2020

L'auteure présente le contexte dans lequel les séminaires de recherche psychanalytique avec Paul-Claude Racamier ont eu lieu en Italie durant de nombreuses années. Le cadre, le contenu et la saveur de ces réunions de travail constituent le fil de l'article. On peut y découvrir l'aspect novateur et original des concepts théorico-cliniques qui ont pu émerger à l'occasion de cette recherche collective : par exemple, la fonction du délire, les amalgames, l'incestualité...
Les enfants vague après vague dans les attentats...
Authors: Vila Gilbert 
Published: March 2020

Le Trauma se caractérise par la répétition, tant dans sa sémiologie que souvent dans ce qui le provoque. Les contes, représentatifs d’une tradition ancienne transmise à travers les générations, témoignent de la répétition des événements amenant à l’événement apparemment inaugural. Ils peuvent servir de matériel thérapeutique pour les enfants, de même que les récits mythologiques ou l’exemple d’autres jeunes. Nous donnons quelques exemples de contes où apparaît la répétition et développons celui de « Barbe Bleue » comme particulièrement représentatif. Nous complétons cette notion de répétition amenant au psychotraumatisme par l’analyse critique de la littérature à travers les différentes méta-analyses sur les facteurs de risque chez l’enfant. Les facteurs péri- et post-traumatiques seraient prévalents. Les données issues du passé des jeunes patients pourraient être sous-estimées mais restent importantes en psychothérapie des jeunes victimes.
Choroidal Manifestation of Systemic Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Infection: A Case Series
Authors: Sinner Veronika , Rüesch Reinhard , Valmaggia Christophe , Todorova Margarita 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose To describe choroidal findings associated with disseminated systemic non-mycobacterial infection.
Methods A retrospective observational case series included two patients (four eyes) with non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease. The activity of choroidal lesions was assessed by clinical examination, supported by colour fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, indocyanine green angiography, fluorescence angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. The relationships between clinical symptomatology, choroidal findings, and systemic disease activity were evaluated.
Results One subject diagnosed with aortic graft infection showed positive cultures for Mycobacterium chimaera. One HIV-positive subject showed a positive saliva culture for Mycobacterium avium. At presentation, all subjects showed chorioretinal manifestation. In one patient, the lesions were active and in the other patient, the lesions appeared inactive. With activity of disseminated chorioretinitis, the lesions had indistinct, blurred borders on fluorescence angiography and indocyanine green angiography and were hyporeflective with well-defined borders on OCT imaging.
Conclusion Multimodal imaging enables distinction between active and inactive lesions, thus supporting therapeutic management. Choroidal presentation of active disseminated mycobacterium infection indicates activity of systemic disease. Thus, even if the patient is not immunocompromised, an underlying systemic involvement should be ruled out.
Perinatal Risk Factors Influencing Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Southern China: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Wang Junrong , Tao Enfu , Mo Miaojun , Ding Weimin , Yuan Junhui , Wang Min , Zheng Changhua , Zheng Haixiao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective In this study, our objective was to explore the relevant influencing factors of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in Southern China and provide scientific basis for improving the quality of life for neonates.
Study Design A retrospective analysis of 306 cases with HIE neonates who were admitted during April 2015 to October 2017 was conducted. A total of 306 non-HIE patients admitted to the same hospital during the same period were also included as controls. The basic clinical characteristics were analyzed, and the risk factors for HIE were assessed by logistic regression analysis.
Results Univariate analysis showed that the differences in medicals during pregnancy, placenta previa, fetal distress during labor, cesarean section, amniotic fluid contamination, abnormal labor stage, and Apgar showed significantly different in the case group and the control group (p < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the placenta previa, medicals during pregnancy, fetal distress, abnormal labor stage, Apgar's score, amniotic fluid contamination, and cesarean section were independent risk factors for HIE.
Conclusion The placenta previa, medicals during pregnancy, fetal distress, and abnormal labor stage can increase the risk of HIE. Early detection, early diagnosis, and treatment might make great achievement in improving the life quality of HIE neonates.
Language interference in English-Chinese simultaneous interpreting with and without text
Authors: Ma Xingcheng , Cheung Andrew K. F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of source language interference during English-Chinese simultaneous
interpreting (SI) with and without text by examining the relationships between manifestations of language interference and
interpreting modes. A corpus-based descriptive approach was used to investigate language interference during English-Chinese
interpreting at various sessions of the United Nations General Assembly. An intermodal comparison was carried out in three
dimensions, addressing (1) the general linguistic properties of the interpreted texts; (2) the distribution of reformulation
strategies; and (3) strategies for interpreting passive constructions and attributive clauses, two structures representing
structural asymmetries between English and Chinese. The results indicated that the interpreted texts produced by SI with text and
SI without text showed different degrees of language interference.
The use of indexicals to co-construct common ground on the continuum of intra- and intercultural communicative contexts
Authors: Dinh Hanh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the roles of indexicals in explicating speakers’ intentions and constructing common ground (CG) in the context of a continuum with two extreme endpoints, the intracultural at one end, and the intercultural at the other, within the framework of the socio-cognitive approach proposed and developed by Kecskes (2008,2010,2014) andKecskes and Zhang (2009). Thirteen participants from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds were recruited to represent varying degrees on the intra- and intercultural continuum. They were divided into three groups: American English speakers, speakers from Asian countries (Korea, China, and Vietnam), and a group of speakers (China, Vietnam, Brazil, and America), each of whom represents linguistically and culturally different countries. Eight extracts were drawn from the data of up to three hours of recordings, including discussions on one topic, and retrospective interviews retrieving the speakers’ intentions for using deixis. The results reveal that the closer the interlocutors were towards the intercultural communicative context endpoint on the continuum, the more they employed four types of indexicals (person, location or spatial, temporal, and discourse deixis) as common ground construction strategies. Those strategies included the explicit manifestation of intentions, clarification, and confirmation of referent identification in actual situational context, elicitation of information, disambiguation and explanation of similar salient specifics in their home culture in an effort to sustain cooperative communication. This study enhances our understanding of different functions of indexicals in interactions on the intra- and intercultural continuum, which resulted from different levels of context interpretation and common ground.
Consistency of a phase field regularisation for an inverse problem governed by a quasilinear Maxwell system
Authors: Lam Kei Fong , Yousept Irwin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An inverse problem of reconstructing the magnetic reluctivity in a quasilinear magnetostatic Maxwell system is studied. To overcome the ill-posedness of the inverse problem, we propose and investigate two regularisations posed as constrained minimisation problems. The first uses the total variation (perimeter) regularisation, and the second makes use of the phase field regularisation. Existence of minimisers, sequential stability with respect to data perturbation, and consistency as the regularisation parameters tending to zero are rigorously analysed. Under some regularity assumption, we infer a relation between the regularisation parameters that allows one to recover a solution to the original inverse problem from the phase field regularised problem. The second focus of the paper is set on the first-order analysis of both regularisation approaches. For the phase field approach, two types of optimality systems are derived through a weak directional differentiability result and the domain variation technique of shape calculus. As a final result, we show the convergence of the optimality conditions obtained from shape calculus, leading to a necessary optimality system for the total variation inverse problem.
A systematic review of the evidence on decoupling of GDP, resource use and GHG emissions, part I: bibliometric and conceptual mapping
Authors: Wiedenhofer Dominik , Virág Doris , Kalt Gerald , Plank Barbara , Streeck Jan , Pichler Melanie , Mayer Andreas , Krausmann Fridolin , Brockway Paul , Schaffartzik Anke , Fishman Tomer , Hausknost Daniel , Leon-Gruchalski Bartholomäus , Sousa Tânia , Creutzig Felix , Haberl Helmut 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
As long as economic growth is a major political goal, decoupling growth from resource use and emissions is a prerequisite for a sustainable net-zero emissions future. However, empirical evidence for absolute decoupling, i.e. decreasing resource use and emissions at the required scale despite continued economic growth, is scarce and scattered across different research streams. In this two-part systematic review, we assess how and to what extent decoupling has been observed and what can be learnt for addressing the sustainability and climate crisis. Based on a transparent approach, we systematically identify and screen more than 11 500 scientific papers, eventually analyzing full texts of 835 empirical studies on the relationship between economic growth (GDP), resource use (materials and energy) and greenhouse gas emissions. Part I of the review examines how decoupling has been investigated across three research streams: energy, materials and energy, and emissions. Part II synthesizes the empirical evidence and policy implications (Haberl et al 2020 Environ. Res. Lett.
15 065003). In part I, we examine the topical, temporal and geographical scopes, methods of analysis, institutional networks and prevalent conceptual angles. We find that in this rapidly growing literature, the vast majority of studies—decomposition, ‘causality’ and Environmental Kuznets Curve analysis—approach the topic from a statistical-econometric point of view, while hardly acknowledging thermodynamic principles on the role of energy and materials for socio-economic activities. A potentially fundamental incompatibility between economic growth and systemic societal changes to address the climate crisis is rarely considered. We conclude that the existing wealth of empirical evidence merits braver conceptual advances than we have seen thus far. Future work should focus on comprehensive multi-indicator long-term analyses, conceptually grounded on the fundamental biophysical basis of socio-economic activities, incorporating the role of global supply chains as well as the wider societal role and preconditions of economic growth.
A systematic review of the evidence on decoupling of GDP, resource use and GHG emissions, part II: synthesizing the insights
Authors: Haberl Helmut , Wiedenhofer Dominik , Virág Doris , Kalt Gerald , Plank Barbara , Brockway Paul , Fishman Tomer , Hausknost Daniel , Krausmann Fridolin , Leon-Gruchalski Bartholomäus , Mayer Andreas , Pichler Melanie , Schaffartzik Anke , Sousa Tânia , Streeck Jan , Creutzig Felix 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Strategies toward ambitious climate targets usually rely on the concept of ‘decoupling’; that is, they aim at promoting economic growth while reducing the use of natural resources and GHG emissions. GDP growth coinciding with absolute reductions in emissions or resource use is denoted as ‘absolute decoupling’, as opposed to ‘relative decoupling’, where resource use or emissions increase less so than does GDP. Based on the bibliometric mapping in part I (Wiedenhofer et al, 2020 Environ. Res. Lett.
15
063002), we synthesize the evidence emerging from the selected 835 peer-reviewed articles. We evaluate empirical studies of decoupling related to final/useful energy, exergy, use of material resources, as well as CO2 and total GHG emissions. We find that relative decoupling is frequent for material use as well as GHG and CO2 emissions but not for useful exergy, a quality-based measure of energy use. Primary energy can be decoupled from GDP largely to the extent to which the conversion of primary energy to useful exergy is improved. Examples of absolute long-term decoupling are rare, but recently some industrialized countries have decoupled GDP from both production- and, weaklier, consumption-based CO2 emissions. We analyze policies or strategies in the decoupling literature by classifying them into three groups: (1) Green growth, if sufficient reductions of resource use or emissions were deemed possible without altering the growth trajectory. (2) Degrowth, if reductions of resource use or emissions were given priority over GDP growth. (3) Others, e.g. if the role of energy for GDP growth was analyzed without reference to climate change mitigation. We conclude that large rapid absolute reductions of resource use and GHG emissions cannot be achieved through observed decoupling rates, hence decoupling needs to be complemented by sufficiency-oriented strategies and strict enforcement of absolute reduction targets. More research is needed on interdependencies between wellbeing, resources and emissions.
Quantifying the health impacts of eliminating air pollution emissions in the City of Boston
Authors: Raifman Matthew , Russell Armistead G , Skipper T Nash , Kinney Patrick L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cities around the world are taking action to limit greenhouse gas emissions through ambitious climate targets and climate action plans. These strategies are likely to simultaneously improve local air quality, leading to public health and monetary co-benefits. We quantify and monetarily value the health impacts of eliminating emissions from the City of Boston, and in doing so, highlight the importance of considering health impacts alongside environmental impacts of local climate action. We simulated at a 4 km resolution how the elimination of anthropogenic emissions from the City of Boston would impact air quality within a 120 km by 120 km study domain. We then estimated how this change in air quality would impact a number of annual health outcomes, as well as the associated monetary savings. We found that eliminating anthropogenic emissions from Boston would result in a decline in PM2.5 concentration across the entire study region ranging from 8.5 µg m−3 in Boston to less than 1 µg m−3 elsewhere in the domain. In addition, we estimate that summer ozone would increase for the Greater Boston Area and areas west, and decrease elsewhere. The monetary impact of the change in air quality on health is estimated to be a $2.4 billion per year savings across the full domain and $1.7 billion within Suffolk County only, about 1.4% of the gross domestic product of the county. These monetary impacts are driven primarily by reduced incidence of mortality. We estimate that 288 deaths would be avoided per year across the study domain from eliminating Boston anthropogenic emissions, about six deaths avoided, annually, per 100 000 people. Within Suffolk County, we estimate that 47 deaths would be avoided per 100 000 people, around 16% of all-cause premature mortality. We also found a net decrease in cardiovascular and respiratory illness. Across the study domain, these health benefits would be disproportionately conferred upon people of color.
Design and Fabrication of a Semi-Automatic Cassava Planter
Authors: Ale M O , Manuwa S I 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A single-row semi-automatic cassava planter was developed at the Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. The planter consists of a hopper, a roller-picker, cutting unit, a belt conveyor acting as the metering device, a double disc furrow opener, a double disc furrow coverer, a gear transmission system, the frame and the land wheels. The planter is driven by a tractor of 41 horsepower (30.6 kW). The field test showed that the semi-automatic cassava planter satisfied the functional requirements of a planter. The planter was found suitable at a functional efficiency of 95.45%. The evaluation of the performance of the planter to determine its relationship with the forward speeds, land preparation, and lug arrangement of rigid wheel will further be carried out. This development will reduce the cost of planting by eliminating the extra labour required behind the tractor by the presently available commercial planters. It will also increase cassava production, reduce the present drudgery in planting cassava as well as attracting the youths into agricultural production.