bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Role of Cu0 and Cu+ Sites in Cu/SiO2 Catalysts for Water‐Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Chen Chongqi , Ren Hongju , He Yuanyuan , Zhan Yingying , Au Chaktong , Luo Yu , Lin Xingyi , Liang Shijing , Jiang Lilong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCuOx/SiO2 precursor was successfully fabricated by an ammonia evaporation hydrothermal method. Upon reduction in 5 vol % H2/N2 at 250, 300, 350, 400, or 450 °C, CuO and copper phyllosilicate species in the precursor bring about the formation of highly dispersed Cu0 and Cu+ species, respectively. The Cu+/Cu0 ratios were studied by XAES technique, while the particle sizes were estimated on the basis of HRTEM images. It is disclosed that the ratios and particle sizes varied with CuOx/SiO2 reduction temperatures. The results of in situ DRIFTS and XAES characterization reveal that both Cu0 and Cu+ are active for CO adsorption and water dissociation, especially so with Cu0 and Cu+ particles of small sizes. It was also observed that the adsorption of CO on Cu+ is stronger than that on Cu0, and Cu0 is more active than Cu+ for water dissociation. Among the prepared Cu/SiO2 catalysts, the one resulted from precursor reduction at 300 °C shows the highest CO conversion in WGS reaction, which is attributed to the small size of Cu0 (2.45 nm) and the large amount of Cu+.
Generation and Reactivity of C(1)‐Ammonium Enolates by Using Isothiourea Catalysis
Authors: McLaughlin Calum , Smith Andrew D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractC(1)‐Ammonium enolates are powerful, catalytically generated synthetic intermediates applied in the enantioselective α‐functionalisation of carboxylic acid derivatives. This minireview describes the recent developments in the generation and application of C(1)‐ammonium enolates from various precursors (carboxylic acids, anhydrides, acyl imidazoles, aryl esters, α‐diazoketones, alkyl halides) using isothiourea Lewis base organocatalysts. Their synthetic utility in intra‐ and intermolecular enantioselective C−C and C−X bond forming processes on reaction with various electrophiles will be showcased utilising two distinct catalyst turnover approaches.
Hydrocarbon condensation modelling to mitigate fluid coker cyclone fouling
Authors: Glatt Erica , Pjontek Dominic , McKnight Craig , Wiens Jason , Wormsbecker Michael , McMillan Jennifer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFLUID COKING is a continuous process that thermally converts heavy hydrocarbons, such as oil sands bitumen, to lighter and higher‐value products by horizontal spray injection onto a fluidized bed of hot coke particles. The cyclone sections of commercial fluid coker reactors experience fouling during typical operation, which limits unit run lengths. The main objective of this work is to improve fluid coker reliability by proposing cyclone fouling mitigation strategies based on practical operation modifications. This study developed a process simulation in Aspen Plus to establish the combined impact of vapour‐liquid equilibrium, endothermic thermal cracking reactions, pressure changes, and overall fluid dynamics in the selected fluid coker control volumes. The hydrocarbon composition was defined by applying an assay characterization of distillation data for representative hydrocarbon streams. Case studies were performed to determine the sensitivity of the predicted temperatures and hydrocarbon condensate flow rates for: (a) the burner‐to‐fluid coker transfer line temperature; (b) the hot coke flow rate; (c) hot coke entrainment from the freeboard region; and (d) scouring coke flow rate in the horn chamber. The scouring coke flow rate was identified as the most promising process lever to mitigate fluid coker cyclone fouling.
Strategies to Make Methods Based on Flow Injection Analysis Greener
Authors: Bezerra Marcos Almeida , Santelli Ricardo Erthal , Lemos Valfredo Azevedo , dos Santos Alves Juscelia Pereira , Braz Bernardo Ferreira , Santos Luana Bastos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe implementation of flow injection analysis (FIA) systems and correlated techniques in the laboratory routine provides an increase of analytical throughput and the reduction of risks of analyte losses and contamination. Naturally, it contributes to the reduction of reagent consumption and minimization of waste generation. This paper presents and discusses an overview of the main strategies adopted to make methods based on FIA systems more environmentally friendly, and offers a review of these methods that covers the period from January 2002 to December 2019. Strategies based on reagent management (adoption of procedures without reagents, replacement of toxic reagents, recycling and reuse of reagents and, use of immobilized reagents), the online waste treatment, and the improvements of FIA systems (flow system configurations that avoid reagent wastage, use of green detectors, automation, and miniaturization) are approached in this perspective.
Axillofemoral bypass to improve congestive heart failure for atypical aortic coarctation complicating Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Hiraya Daigo , Sato Akira , Watabe Hiroaki , Hoshi Tomoya , Ieda Masaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAtypical aortic coarctation is a rare condition associated with Takayasu arteritis, and is characterized by symptoms caused either by hypotension in the lower half of the body or secondary hypertension in the upper half of the body, and heart failure. We report a rare case of axillofemoral bypass to improve congestive heart failure for atypical aortic coarctation complicating Takayasu arteritis. Augmented vascular bed and retrograde renal blood flow after axillofemoral bypass surgery could achieve effective blood pressure control and improve renal function and cardiac function (LVEF: 30% → 55%, BNP: 2943 pg/mL → 128 pg/mL). There were two contributing factors for improvement of heart failure such as the increased vascular bed and the increase in retrograde renal blood flow. We believe that axillofemoral bypass is effective for Takayasu arteritis patients with refractory heart failure. In daily practice, careful attention should be paid to an impact of cardiorenal‐aorta interaction in atypical aortic coarctation complicating Takayasu arteritis.
A new σ‐transform based Fourier‐Legendre‐Galerkin model for nonlinear water waves
Authors: Klahn Mathias , Madsen Per A. , Fuhrman David R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a new spectral model for solving the fully nonlinear potential flow problem for water waves in a single horizontal dimension. At the heart of the numerical method is the solution to the Laplace equation which is solved using a variant of the ‐transform. The method discretizes the spatial part of the governing equations using the Galerkin method and the temporal part using the classical fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta method. A careful investigation of the numerical method's stability properties is carried out, and it is shown that the method is stable up to a certain threshold steepness when applied to nonlinear monochromatic waves in deep water. Above this threshold artificial damping may be employed to obtain stable solutions. The accuracy of the model is tested for: (i) highly nonlinear progressive wave trains, (ii) solitary wave reflection, and (iii) deep water wave focusing events. In all cases it is demonstrated that the model is capable of obtaining excellent results, essentially up to very near breaking.
Sequential feature‐based mesh movement and adjoint error‐based mesh refinement
Authors: Vivarelli Guglielmo , Qin Ning , Shahpar Shahrokh , Radford David 
Published: June 2020

SummaryNowadays, aerodynamic computational modeling is carried out on a daily basis in an industrial setting. This is done with the aim of predicting the performance and flow characteristics of new components. However, limited resources in terms of time and hardware force the engineer to employ relatively coarse computational grids, thus achieving results with variable degree of inaccuracy. In this article, a novel combination of feature and adjoint‐based mesh adaptation methods is investigated and applied to typical three‐dimensional turbomachinery cases, such as compressor and fan blades. The proposed process starts by employing feature‐based mesh movement to improve the global flow solution and then adjoint refinement to tune the mesh for each quantity of interest. Comparison of this process with one utilizing only the adjoint refinement procedure shows significant benefits in terms of accuracy of the performance quantity.
Modeling VXX under jump diffusion with stochastic long‐term mean
Authors: Gehricke Sebastian A. , Zhang Jin E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe develop a model for the VXX, the most actively traded VIX futures exchange‐traded note, using Duffie, Pan, and Singleton's affine jump diffusion framework, where the volatility process has jumps and a stochastic long‐term mean. We calibrate the model parameters using the VIX term structure data and show that our model provides the theoretical link between the VIX, VIX futures, and the VXX. Our model can be used for pricing VIX futures, the VXX and other short‐term VIX futures exchange‐traded products (ETPs). Our model could be extended to price options on the VXX and other short‐term VIX futures ETPs.
Prognostic factors associated with a restricted mouth opening (trismus) in patients with head and neck cancer: Systematic review
Authors: van der Geer Sarah J. , van Rijn Phillip V. , Roodenburg Jan L.N. , Dijkstra Pieter U. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo prescribe early trismus therapy, prognostic factors influencing the restricted mouth opening should be identified first. Our aim is to present an overview of these factors in patients with head and neck cancer.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched using terms related to head and neck cancer and mouth opening. Risk of bias was assessed using the “Quality in Prognosis Studies” tool. A best evidence synthesis was performed.ResultsOf the identified 1418 studies, 53 were included. Three studies contained a prognostic multivariate model for a restricted mouth opening.ConclusionsPatients with head and neck cancer will most likely develop a restricted mouth opening when they have a large tumor near the masticatory muscles that requires extensive cancer treatment. A restricted mouth opening most likely occurs within 6 months after cancer treatment. Further research is necessary on factors related to healing tendency or pain intensity.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Garetosmab (Anti‐Activin A): Results From a First‐in‐Human Phase 1 Study
Authors: Vanhoutte Frédéric , Liang Su , Ruddy Marcella , Zhao An , Drewery Tiera , Wang Yuhuan , DelGizzi Richard , Forleo‐Neto Eduardo , Rajadhyaksha Manoj , Herman Gary , Davis John D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe describe outcomes from the first‐in‐human study of garetosmab (a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits activin A) under development for the treatment of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). In a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 1 study, 40 healthy women of nonchildbearing potential were randomized to receive a single dose of intravenous garetosmab 0.3, 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg; subcutaneous garetosmab 300 mg; or placebo. Serum concentrations of functional garetosmab (with ≥1 arm free to bind to target), total activin A, and antidrug antibodies were measured predose and up to 113 days post–first dose. Garetosmab demonstrated an acceptable safety profile with no dose‐limiting toxicities. Garetosmab displayed nonlinear pharmacokinetics with target‐mediated elimination. With increasing doses of intravenous garetosmab, mean peak concentration increased in a dose‐proportional manner; mean steady‐state estimates ranged from 41.4 to 47.8 mL/kg. A greater than dose‐proportional increase in mean area under the concentration‐time curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity (range, 72.2‐7520 mg*day/L) was observed, consistent with decreasing mean clearance (range, 4.35‐1.34 mL/day/kg). Following administration of intravenous garetosmab, mean concentrations of total activin A increased in a dose‐dependent manner. At 10 mg/kg, total activin A levels reached a state of little or no change between weeks 4 and 12, suggesting saturation of the target‐mediated pathway. No safety signals were seen in this study to preclude investigation in patients. Following intravenous administration, garetosmab concentrations decreased quickly, then decreased over time (reflecting linear elimination), and finally decreased in a nonlinear phase, reflecting target‐mediated elimination. Results here support further investigation. Garetosmab 10 mg/kg every 4 weeks intravenously is being evaluated in patients with FOP (NCT03188666).
Increased body mass index does not impact the imaging quality of focused assessment with sonography in trauma
Authors: Ifelayo Oluwatomilona I. , Oyemade Kafayat A. , Tawfic Sarah S. , Jeeji Archana K. , Ekstein Samuel F. , Smoot William A. , Voelkel Jacob E. , Laughlin Michael J. , Lohse Christine M. , Kummer Tobias , Bellamkonda Venkatesh R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany clinicians believe that a patient's body mass index (BMI) affects the likelihood of obtaining high quality ultrasound images.ObjectivesTo assess the hypothesis that increased BMI is associated with worsening focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) image quality.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective single‐center study of FAST examinations performed in a large academic emergency department (ED) with fellowship‐trained emergency ultrasonography faculty performing quality assurance review.ResultsMean (SD) BMI was 28.0 (6.6) among the 302 included studies. The overall quality rating tended to decrease as BMI increased but did not achieve statistical significance in a univariable setting (P = .06) or after adjustment for age and sex (P = .06). Operators perception of image adequacy was largely unaffected by BMI, with the exception of the pericardial view.ConclusionThis study did not identify a statistically significant difference in FAST quality with increased BMI. This result may help assuage clinician concerns about ultrasonography for patients in the ED.
The impact of the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with special reference to the hematological setting
Authors: Sica Antonello , Casale Danilo , Rossi Giovanni , Casale Beniamino , Ciccozzi Massimo , Fasano Morena , Ciotti Marco , Sagnelli Evangelista , Papa Alfonso , Sagnelli Caterina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a disease known from a few months, caused by a recently arisen virus and, consequently, it is little known. The disease has a benign course in most infected subjects (children and young adults), is often symptomatic in adults over the age of 50 and often serious and life threatening in people with comorbidities and the elderly. The few data published on coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) in the blood‐oncology field report a serious clinical presentation, a serious course of the disease, and a high mortality rate, as has also been reported for other cancer contexts. The current strategy for treating patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 includes antivirals that are effective against other viral infections and drugs that can moderate the cytokine storm. There is no specific vaccine and consequently all possible precautions must be taken to prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the areas of oncology, oncohematology, and bone marrow transplantation. In this reviewer's article, we report the information currently available on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to help young doctors and hematologists to successfully manage patients with COVID‐19.
Probable causes and risk factors for positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test in recovered patients: Evidence from Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Wong Justin , Koh Wee Chian , Momin Riamiza Natalie , Alikhan Mohammad Fathi , Fadillah Noraskhin , Naing Lin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCase reports of patients with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) who have been discharged and subsequently report positive reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction again (hereafter referred as “re‐positive”) do not fully describe the magnitude and significance of this issue. To determine the re‐positive rate (proportion) and review probable causes and outcomes, we conduct a retrospective study of all 119 discharged patients in Brunei Darussalam up till April 23. Patients who were discharged are required to self‐isolate at home for 14 days and undergo nasopharyngeal specimen collection postdischarge. Discharged patients found to be re‐positive were readmitted. We reviewed the clinical and epidemiological records of all discharged patients and apply log‐binomial models to obtain risk ratios for re‐positive status. One in five recovered patients subsequently test positive again for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2—this risk is more than six times higher in persons aged 60 years and above. The average Ct value of re‐positive patients was lower predischarge compared with their readmission Ct value. Out of 111 close contacts tested, none were found to be positive as a result of exposure to a re‐positive patient. Our findings support prolonged but intermittent viral shedding as the probable cause for this phenomenon. We did not observe infectivity potential in these patients.
The clinical characteristics of pediatric inpatients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Ma Xuefeng , Liu Shousheng , Chen Lizhen , Zhuang Likun , Zhang Jie , Xin Yongning 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMillions of people were infected with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) all over the world. Data on clinical symptoms of pediatric inpatients with COVID‐19 infection were unclear. The aim of study was to investigate the clinical features of pediatric inpatients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched to seek for studies providing details on pediatric inpatients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection which were published from 1st January to 21st April 2020. Studies with more than five pediatric inpatients were included in our meta‐analysis.This study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020183550). As the results shown, fever (46%) and cough (42%) were the main clinical characters of pediatric inpatients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the other clinical characters, such as diarrhea, vomiting, nasal congestion, and fatigue account for 10% in pediatric inpatients. The proportion of asymptomatic cases was 0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27‐0.59) and severe cases was 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01‐0.06). For the laboratory result, leukopenia (21%) and lymphocytosis (22%) were the mainly indicators for pediatric inpatients, followed by high aspartate aminotransferase (19%), lymphopenia (16%), high alanine aminotransferase (15%), high C‐reactive protein (17%), leukocytosis (13%), high D‐dimer (12%) and high creatine kinase‐MB (5%). Regard to chest imaging features, unilateral and bilateral accounts for 22% in pediatric inpatients, respectively. In conclusion, compared with adult inpatients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, the pediatric inpatients had mild clinical characters, lab test indicators, and chest imaging features. More clinical studies focus on the pediatric patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in other countries should be conducted.
TNFAIP8 family gene expressions in the mouse tail intervertebral disc injury model
Authors: Tian Zuozhen , Shofer Frances S. , Yao Lutian , Sun Honghong , Zhang Hongtao , Qin Ling , Chen Youhai H. , Zhang Yejia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe TNF‐α‐induced protein‐8 (TNFAIP8, also known as TIPE) family of molecules comprises four members: TNFAIP8 and TIPEs1‐3. Since the first description of these proteins, their roles in fine‐tuning inflammation and in directing leukocyte migration have been described in several organ systems. However, their relationship with intervertebral disc (IVD) is unknown.Materials and methodsHere, we describe the expression of TNFAIP8 family genes in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) of the normal adult murine IVD. We further describe the expression of these genes in the injured male and female murine IVD.ResultsTnfaip8 gene expression was decreased, and Tipe1 gene expression was essentially unchanged, in response to injury. Tipe2 and Tipe3 gene expression was markedly elevated in response to IVD injury, along with those encoding known inflammatory markers (ie, Tnfa, Il6, Cxcl1, and Adam8). Additionally, sex‐related differences were also observed for some of these genes in intact and injured mouse IVDs. Future studies include examining tissue distribution of TNFAIP8 family proteins and identifying cells that produce them. In addition, examining mice that are deficient in TNFAIP8 molecules, in relation to gene expression, tissue morphology and mouse behavior, may further delineate the roles of these molecules in IVD inflammation and degeneration.
A Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Analysis of Upper Aerodigestive Endoscopy Contamination: Is Flexible Laryngoscopy Different?
Authors: Jiang Roy , Kasle David A. , Alzahrani Faisal , Kohli Nikita , Lerner Michael Z. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives/HypothesisSeveral recent studies have observed a high incidence of duodenoscope microbial contamination and an association of contamination with healthcare‐acquired infections. This study sought to quantify nasopharyngoscope microbial contamination relative to that of other endoscope categories and characterize the manufacturers, outcomes, and microbial profiles associated with these cases.Study DesignRetrospective, cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 3,865 adverse events were collected from 2013 to 2019 using the US Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database. The fraction of total device failures associated with contamination was quantified for nasopharyngoscopes, bronchoscopes, duodenoscopes, and gastroscopes. Odds ratios of nasopharyngoscope contamination compared to that of bronchoscopes, duodenoscopes, or gastroscopes were calculated, and significance was assessed by χ2 analysis. The Kruskal‐Wallis test was used for nonparametric testing of significance.ResultsNasopharyngoscope device failures were reported at an incidence of 0.646 per month; 34.1% involved contamination, comparable to the frequency observed for bronchoscopes (23.4%, P = .118), duodenoscopes (29.2%, P = .493), and gastroscopes (45.3%, P = .178). The frequency of device contamination was observed to be significantly higher for a particular endoscope manufacturer regardless of endoscope category (Kruskal‐Wallis P = .021). In instances of contamination, nasopharyngoscopes were significantly less associated with patient harm or death than bronchoscope (odds ratio [OR] = 10.2) and duodenoscope (OR = 4.81) cases.ConclusionsAlthough the rates of contamination were comparable across all endoscope categories, nasopharyngoscope contamination was less commonly associated with patient harm or death. In an era of rising healthcare costs, determining adequate disinfection standards for nasopharyngoscopes and their impact on patient safety is crucial.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:598–605, 2021