bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Intraocular Thymic Metastasis Identified on 18F-FDG PET/CT Before and After Treatment
Authors: Brien Peter J. , Cha Andrew , Fulham Michael J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present the imaging findings pretreatment and posttreatment in a 58-year-old woman with recurrent thymic carcinoma. Two years after treatment, the patient presented with a 3-week history of right eye pain and blurred vision. Ophthalmological examination and MRI of the orbits showed a right superolateral choroidal lesion. Neurologic and whole-body FDG PET/CT scans showed a markedly glucose-avid right choroidal mass and extensive lung parenchymal, pleural, and thoracic nodal disease. There was a good response to chemoradiotherapy with a reduction in size and metabolism at all sites.
Clinical Evaluation a New Treatment for Infection After Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Authors: Liu Guanzheng , Liu Junchao , Zhang Haijun , Xue Changli , Wu Henghao , Zhang Shengxu , Li Gejun , Zhang Wanhong , Zheng Guangming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To explore a new surgical treatment for infection and obstruction of ventriculoperitoneal shunt in hydrocephalus. Two cases of post-operative infection of ventriculoperitoneal shunt were analyzed retrospectively. One case was cryptococcal infection, the other case was Acinetobacter lwoffii. The number of cerebrospinal fluid cells was high, the infection of ventriculoperitoneal shunt was generally complicated with abdominal obstruction, and the hydrocephalus was aggravated again, The authors try to pull out the drainage tube at the end of abdominal cavity for external drainage, combined with intravenous antibiotics, completely control of infection, and then use the original shunt device for intraventricular jugular shunt. The authors explore that this method is simple, safe and effective, and it is an effective and feasible method for the treatment of infection after ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Depressor Anguli Oris Function in Oral Macrostomia
Authors: Applebaum Sarah A. , Sasson Daniel C. , Gosain Arun K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Unilateral oral macrostomia can present in isolation or conjunction with other craniofacial abnormalities. Common associations include cartilaginous tags and accessory tragi, while the facial nerve is rarely involved. Our work is the first of its kind to report depressor anguli oris paralysis in the setting of oral macrostomia. The authors present 2 cases of unilateral oral macrostomia, with and without contralateral pre-operative depressor anguli oris paralysis, to highlight this often overlooked finding. Furthermore, these cases illustrate the impact of depressor anguli oris paralysis on postoperative outcomes and patient expectations. Depressor anguli oris function can be detected preoperatively and therefore should be weaved into surgical decision-making and used to manage expectations for symmetric facial animation following repair. Further work is required to evaluate the long-term benefits of electromyography and botulinum toxin injections as diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for DAO paralysis.
Primary Posterior Fossa Hydatid Cyst in a Child
Authors: Said Anas , Abuzayed Bashar , Al-Abadi Hussein , Jamous Osama 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A 7-year-old boy referred to our emergency department complaining of headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, generalized fatigue, ataxia and diplopia. Neurological exam showed bilateral papilledema and ataxic gait. Routine blood test, plain chest x-ray and abdominal ultrasonography were normal. Brain computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed well-defined intra-axial unilocular cystic lesion in the left cerebellar hemisphere, causing mass effect on brain stem and fourth ventricle with associated tonsillar herniation and mild obstructive hydrocephalus. The authors started the treatment with Albendazole and the patient was operated with left sub-occipital craniotomy. Cyst was delivered with intact capsule. Postoperative period was uneventful and patient's symptoms improved totally after 1 week. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid cyst.
Breast Implant-associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: DeCoster Ryan C. , Lynch Evan B. , Bonaroti Alisha R. , Webster John Matthew , Butterfield Timothy A. , Evers Bernard Mark , Vasconez Henry C. , Clemens Mark W. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:This evidence-based systematic review synthesizes and critically appraises current clinical recommendations and advances in the diagnosis and treatment of BIA-ALCL. This review also aims to broaden physician awareness across diverse specialties, particularly among general practitioners, breast surgeons, surgical oncologists, and other clinicians who may encounter patients with breast implants in their practice.Background:BIA-ALCL is an emerging and treatable immune cell cancer definitively linked to textured-surface breast implants. Although the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) consensus guidelines and other clinical recommendations have been established, the evidence supporting these guidelines has not been systematically studied. The purpose of this evidence-based systematic review is to synthesize and critically appraise current clinical guidelines and recommendations while highlighting advances in diagnosis and treatment and raising awareness for this emerging disease.Methods:This evidence-based systematic review evaluated primary research studies focusing on the diagnosis and treatment of BIA-ALCL that were published in PubMed, Google Scholar, and other scientific databases through March 2020.Results and Conclusions:The clinical knowledge of BIA-ALCL has evolved rapidly over the last several years with major advances in diagnosis and treatment, including en bloc resection as the standard of care. Despite a limited number of high-quality clinical studies comprised mainly of Level III and Level V evidence, current evidence aligns with established NCCN consensus guidelines. When diagnosed and treated in accordance with NCCN guidelines, BIA-ALCL carries an excellent prognosis.
Effect of Denonvilliers’ Fascia Preservation Versus Resection During Laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision on Postoperative Urogenital Function of Male Rectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Wei Bo , Zheng Zongheng , Fang Jiafeng , Xiao Jian’an , Han Fanghai , Huang Meijin , Xu Qingwen , Wang Xiaozhong , Hong Chuyuan , Wang Gongping , Ju Yongle , Su Guoqiang , Deng Haijun , Zhang Jinxin , Li Jun , Chen Tufeng , Huang Yong , Huang Jianglong , Liu Jianpei , Yang Xiaofeng , Wei Hongbo 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To compare the outcomes of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (L-TME) with Denonvilliers’ fascia (DVF) preservation versus resection on urogenital function of male patients with rectal cancer.

Background:
The protective effect of DVF during L-TME on pelvic autonomic nerves and postoperative urogenital function remains controversial.

Methods:
Between August 26, 2015 and July 18, 2019, 253 male patients with cT1–4 (T1–2 for anterior wall) N0–2M0 rectal cancer from 11 institutions were enrolled, and randomly assigned to L-TME with DVF preservation (Exp-group, n = 123) or resection procedures (Con-group, n = 130). Urinary function was assessed by residual urine volume, maximal flow rate, and International Prostate Symptom Score; sexual function was assessed by 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and ejaculation grading.

Results:
The Exp-group patients showed a lower urinary dysfunction rate (6.8% vs 25.4%, P = 0.003), higher maximal flow rate (16.25 ± 8.02 vs 12.40 ± 7.05 mL/s, P = 0.007), and lower International Prostate Symptom Score (6.55 ± 5.86 vs 8.57 ± 5.85, P = 0.026) than the Con-group patients at 2 weeks after surgery. The incidence of erectile dysfunction (IIEF-5 ≤ 11) at 12 months after surgery was lower in the Exp-group than in the Con-group (12.5% vs 34.2%, P = 0.023); Exp-group manifested superior IIEF-5 (16.63 ± 6.28 vs 12.26 ± 6.83, P = 0.018). The incidence of ejaculation dysfunction was lower in the Exp-group than in the Con-group at 12 months after surgery (10.0% vs 29.4%, P = 0.034).

Conclusions:
DVF preservation during L-TME revealed protective effects on postoperative urogenital function, and could be a better choice for male rectal cancer patients with specific staging and location.

Trial registration number:
NCT02435758.
Long-term Satisfaction with Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: White Gretchen E. , Courcoulas Anita P. , King Wendy C. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine change in overall satisfaction with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery over 3 to 7 years post-surgery and identify pre-surgery predictors and post-surgery factors associated with not being satisfied.

Background:
It is unclear how satisfaction with RYGB surgery changes over time following surgery and factors associated with not being satisfied are not well understood.

Methods:
Participants of a multicenter prospective cohort study of bariatric surgery were followed annually <7 years. A total of 1423 participants of the 1770 who underwent RYGB had data on satisfaction with surgery (81% female; median age 47 years; median body mass index 46 kg/m2).

Results:
The percentage of participants who were not satisfied with RYGB surgery significantly increased from 15.4% 3 years post-surgery to 23.0% 7 years post-surgery (P = 0.01). Pre-surgery younger age, lower BMI, higher percent weight loss needed to reach dream weight, poorer physical and mental health, and less social support independently predicted higher risk of not being satisfied with surgery. When examining pre- to post-surgery changes, less post-surgery weight loss, worsening physical and mental health status, less social support, and greater depressive symptomology were associated with higher risk of not being satisfied with surgery.

Conclusions:
Level of satisfaction with RYGB surgery significantly decreased 3 to 7 years following surgery. Several pre- and post-surgery characteristics were associated with not being satisfied with surgery and provide potentially useful insight into individual patient experiences following RYGB. Knowledge of these characteristics may be useful in communication between surgeons and patients regarding post-surgical expectations and the impact of surgery on patients’ lives.
What are the Top Research Priorities in Surgical Simulation and How Can They Be Best Addressed? Results From a Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference
Authors: Stefanidis Dimitrios , Lee Gyusung , Blair Patrice G. , Johnson Kathleen A. , Sachdeva Ajit K. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
To define the top priorities in simulation-based surgical education where additional research would have the highest potential to advance the field and develop proposals that would address the identified research priorities.

Summary and Background Data:
Simulation has become integral part of surgical training but there are a number of outstanding questions that have slowed advances in this field.

Methods:
The Delphi methodology was used to define the top priorities in simulation-based surgical education. A research summit was held with multiple stakeholders under the auspices of the American College of Surgeons Division of Education to develop proposals to address these priorities.

Results:
Consensus was achieved after the first round of voting on the following 3 most important topics: (1) impact of simulation training on patient safety and outcomes, (2) the value proposition of simulation, and (3) the use of simulation for physician certification and credentialing. Knowledge gaps, challenges and opportunities, and research questions to address these topics were defined by summit participants.

Conclusions:
The top 3 priorities in surgical simulation research were defined and project outlines were developed for impactful projects on these topics. Successful completion of such projects is expected to advance the field of simulation-based surgical education.
Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer in Super-Elderly Patients: A Single-Center Analysis
Authors: Hashida Hiroki , Mizuno Ryosuke , Iwaki Kentaro , Kanbe Hiroyuki , Sumi Tokihiko , Kawarabayashi Takuma , Kondo Masato , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Kaihara Satoshi 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Super-elderly patients with colorectal cancer are being encountered with increasing frequency in Japan. Laparoscopic surgery is considered a less invasive surgery in these patients; however, it is difficult to conduct controlled clinical trials in this super-elderly population. This study assessed the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in patients over 85 years old.

Materials and Methods:
Open and laparoscopic surgeries for colorectal cancer in super-elderly patients (aged 85 y and older) were performed under general anesthesia in a single medical center. Records were retrospectively reviewed, and the clinicopathologic features of each patient and the surgical time and outcomes were recorded and analyzed.

Results:
Records of colorectal surgery were reviewed for 108 super-elderly patients. Twenty-six open surgeries and 82 laparoscopic surgeries were performed. The mean operation times were 215 and 228 minutes in open and laparoscopic surgeries, respectively. Intraoperative bleeding in laparoscopic surgery was lesser than that in open surgery. There were 2 cases with major postoperative complications in open surgery, and mortality occurred in one case within 1 month after surgery. No major complications were observed in laparoscopic surgery. In survival analysis, disease-free survival did not differ between the 2 groups. The oldest patient was a man aged 102 years and 6 months who underwent laparoscopic anterior resection with lymph node dissection.

Conclusion:
Laparoscopic surgery in super-elderly patients with colon cancer is feasible and safe. The authors report the success of laparoscopic colectomy for rectosigmoid colon cancer in the oldest known patient and the positive outcomes of laparoscopic colectomy in super-elderly patients.
Rehabilitation of cortically induced visual field loss
Authors: Saionz Elizabeth L. , Feldon Steven E. , Huxlin Krystel R. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose of review
Homonymous visual field defects are a common sequela of stroke, and are assumed to be permanent within a few weeks of the event. Because consensus about the efficacy of rehabilitation is lacking, visual therapy is rarely prescribed. Here, we review current rehabilitation options and strategies in the translational pipeline that could change these perspectives.

Recent findings
The mainstays of available therapy for homonymous visual defects are compensation training and substitution, which allow patients to better use their spared vision. However, early clinical studies suggest that vision can partially recover following intensive training inside the blind field. Research into the relative efficacy of different restorative approaches continues, providing insights into neurophysiologic substrates of recovery and its limitations. This, in turn, has led to new work examining the possible benefits of earlier intervention, advanced training procedures, noninvasive brain stimulation, and pharmacological adjuvants, all of which remain to be vetted through properly powered, randomized, clinical trials.

Summary
Research has uncovered substantial visual plasticity after occipital strokes, suggesting that rehabilitative strategies for this condition should be more aggressive. For maximal benefit, poststroke vision-restorative interventions should begin early, and in parallel with strategies that optimize everyday use of an expanding field of view.
MRI findings as markers of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Barkatullah Arhem F. , Leishangthem Lakshmi , Moss Heather E. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose of review
Negative findings on neuroimaging are part of the diagnostic criteria for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), a syndrome characterized by increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Some positive neuroimaging findings are associated with increased ICP, but their role in diagnosis of IIH has not been established. We provide an overview of these findings and their relevance for diagnosis of raised intracranial pressure.

Recent findings
MRI acquisition techniques have significantly improved in the last few decades leading to better characterization of the intracranial changes associated with IIH, including empty sella turcica, optic nerve tortuosity, distension of the optic nerve sheath, posterior globe flattening, slit-like ventricles, and venous sinus stenosis. These may be MRI biomarkers of increased ICP. Prevalence difference between people with and without increased ICP, and reversibility of these MRI findings following treatment of increased ICP inform evaluation of their diagnostic potential.

Summary
MRI and magnetic resonance venography findings are important tools in the diagnosis of IIH. Empty sella turcica, optic nerve protrusion, distension of the optic nerve sheath, optic nerve tortuosity, posterior globe flattening, and transverse sinus stenosis have been found to be the most promising diagnostic markers for IIH, although absence of these findings does not rule out the diagnosis.
Early microvascular and neuro-retinal alterations in type 2 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Wang Wei , Zheng Yingfeng , Liu Sen , Li Yuting , Huang Wenyong , Liang Xiaolin , Liu Yizhi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeto evaluate and correlate the alterations of microvascular and chorioretinal structure in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without clinical signs of DR.MethodsT2DM patients were randomized sampled from Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study and healthy controls from the community of Guangzhou, China were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Demographic, clinical and ocular parameters were regularly obtained. Retinal thickness (RT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness, outer retina layer (ORL) thickness and choroid thickness (CT) were automatically evaluated by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in the 1, 3, and 6 mm centered on fovea. Vessel density (VD) was obtained by OCT angiography (OCTA) in the 1 and 3 mm centered on the fovea.Results1,444 eyes of 1,444 individuals (722 T2DM patients and 722 healthy controls) were included in the final analyses. Macular average RNFL was thinned (P < 0.001), average GC-IPL was thickened (P < 0.001), and ORL was thickened (P = 0.012) in DM patients compared with healthy controls independent of confounding factors. VD was significantly increased in diabetic patients without DR. Correlations were found between VD and specific layers of retina both in DM patients and in healthy controls. Especially in DM patients, average RT in positively related with parafoveal VD (β= 0.010, 95%CI: 0.003 to 0.017) and total average VD (β= 0.010,95%CI: 0.003 to 0.016). Specifically, RNFL thickness is inversely related with VD, while both GC-IPL and ORL thickness are positively related with VD in diabetic patients without DR.ConclusionThis study reports and correlates the early alterations of chorioretinal structure and retinal superficial vessels in T2DM patients even before the onset of clinical signs of DR. Findings of this study may provide novel insights to explore the pathogenesis of DR.
Global inequality in disability-adjusted life years due to eye diseases: a cross-national analysis from 1990 through 2015
Authors: Wang Wei , Zheng Yingfeng , Huang Wenyong , Liang Xiaoling , Liu Yizhi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the trends in global inequality in eye health by using data on the global burden of disease measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).MethodsThis is an international observational study. We estimated the burden of eye disease by calculating the sum of DALYs (from the Global Burden of Disease study, 2016 update) due to cataract, refraction and accommodation disorders (RE), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and other causes. We assessed the burden of various eye disease in relation to economic status and etiology by calculating the Gini coefficient, and the concentration index.ResultsThis study included 195 countries, VI accounted for 2.46 (95%CI: 2.26 to 2.70) billion DALYs. Global inequality in the health burden due to VI has not changed greatly in the last 25 years, with a Gini coefficient of 0.217 in 1990 and 0.201 in 2015 Cataract was concentrated in poor socioeconomic countries, while AMD was concentrated in higher socioeconomic countries. In 1990, cataract was the most unevenly distributed cause, followed by AMD, RE, glaucoma, and other causes. In 2015, cataract remained the most unevenly distributed cause on a global scale, followed by RE, AMD, glaucoma, and other causes. Time trends of inequality in high-income economies differed from those in low- and middle-income economies. There is an ongoing reduction in the inequality of the VI burden across high-income countries; however, there is an upward trend across low- and middle-income countries. The inequality of RE has improved among high-, low-, and middle-income economies.ConclusionThe health burden of eye diseases has not improved and that the global inequality of eye health has increased continuously in the last 25 years. Time trends of inequality in high-income economies differed from those in low- and middle-income economies.
Catching a resurgence: Increase in SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA identified in wastewater 48 hours before COVID-19 clinical tests and 96 hours before hospitalizations
Authors: D’Aoust Patrick M. , Graber Tyson E. , Mercier Elisabeth , Montpetit Danika , Alexandrov Ilya , Neault Nafisa , Baig Aiman Tariq , Mayne Janice , Zhang Xu , Alain Tommy , Servos Mark R. , Srikanthan Nivetha , MacKenzie Malcolm , Figeys Daniel , Manuel Douglas , Jüni Peter , MacKenzie Alex E. , Delatolla Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCurtailing the Spring 2020 COVID-19 surge required sweeping and stringent interventions by governments across the world. Wastewater-based COVID-19 epidemiology programs have been initiated in many countries to provide public health agencies with a complementary disease tracking metric and facile surveillance tool. However, their efficacy in prospectively capturing resurgence following a period of low prevalence is unclear. In this study, the SARS-CoV-2 viral signal was measured in primary clarified sludge harvested every two days at the City of Ottawa’s water resource recovery facility during the summer of 2020, when clinical testing recorded daily percent positivity below 1%. In late July, increases of >400% in normalized SARS-CoV-2 RNA signal in wastewater were identified 48 hours prior to reported >300% increases in positive cases that were retrospectively attributed to community-acquired infections. During this resurgence period, SARS-CoV-2 RNA signal in wastewater preceded the reported >160% increase in community hospitalizations by approximately 96 hours. This study supports wastewater-based COVID-19 surveillance of populations in augmenting the efficacy of diagnostic testing, which can suffer from sampling biases or timely reporting as in the case of hospitalization census.