bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Double‐Network, Self‐Healing Hydrogel Based on Hydrogen Bonding and Hydrophobic Effect
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wu Mingyue , Hu Xiangming , Lu Wei , Wang Miaomiao , Li Tingting , Zhao Yanyun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, acrylamide is used as a hydrophilic monomer, and octadecyl methacrylate (C18) and polyurethane (PU) monomers are used as hydrophobic monomers. In an aqueous solution containing mixed surfactants of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate, a series of composite physical hydrogels with dual network structures are synthesized using these three monomers through in situ micelle copolymerization. The results indicate that, with the increase in PU content (<0.08 g), the thermal stability and mechanical properties (stretching and compressive) of the composite gel are enhanced, while the swelling performance becomes poorer. Furthermore, it can heal at room temperature and the self‐healing property approaches 88% of that of the original sample after 60 min. Additionally, the self‐healing efficiency shows a downward trend with the increase in the amount of PU, which is mainly related to the recovery efficiency of the network chain (polyacrylamide (PAAM) chain and PU chain) and the decrease in the mobility of C18. By constructing the double‐crosslinked network, the design and preparation of polymer hydrogels with high stretching capability, good elasticity and self‐healing performance provides a new approach to preparing hydrogels with excellent properties.
Synergistic Effect of Mesoporous Nanocomposites with Different Pore Sizes and Structures on Fire Safety and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resin
Authors: Wang Xiu , Chen Ting , Peng Chaohua , Hong Jing , Lu Zhenwu , Yuan Conghui , Zeng Birong , Luo Weiang , Dai Lizong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEpoxy resin (EP) is extremely flammable, and smoke release during combusting is considered toxic and harmful for human health. Mesoporous materials offer reliable desorption performance due to their large specific surface area. Therefore, the construction of mesoporous nanocomposites is a novel method for enhanced smoke suppression effect of EP. In this work, zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS)‐mesoporous silica (SBA‐15 and MCM‐41) modified reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is successfully prepared and used to enhance the fire safety of EP. SBA‐15‐RGO‐ZHS/EP exhibits the lowest total smoke production (22.8 m2) and peak heat release rate (416 kW m−2), which are reduced by 55% and 37% compared with pure EP, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of mesoporous nanoparticles is also investigated. Apparently, the smoke suppression effect and flame retardancy of SBA‐15‐RGO‐ZHS/EP is even more remarkable than that of MCM‐41‐RGO‐ZHS/EP, which indicates that the pore size and structure of mesoporous are important factors for reducing the smoke toxicity of EP. Finally, it is verified that its enhanced fire safety is attributed to the synergistic action of physical barrier properties of RGO, “labyrinth” effect of SBA‐15, and catalytic ability of ZHS.
Glandular dose indices using a glandular dose to air kerma volume histogram in mammography
Authors: Shinohara Sae , Araki Fujio , Ohno Takeshi 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTo develop a dose evaluation for heterogeneous glandular dose distributions by using glandular dose indices obtained from a glandular dose to air kerma (GD/K) volume histogram in addition to the existing mean glandular dose (MGD) in mammography.MethodsThe mammographic x‐ray fluence spectra were created using the EGSnrc/BEAMnrc Monte Carlo code. The combinations of the target and filter were Mo‐Mo and W‐Rh. The breast phantom was a half‐ellipsoidal form, composed of adipose and glandular tissues, and a 1.5‐mm‐thick outer skin. The compressed breast thicknesses (CBT) were 2, 4, and 6 cm with a glandularity of 15%. Two types of breast voxel phantoms with homogeneous and realistic heterogeneous glandular distributions were modeled. The glandular dose distributions in both breast voxel phantoms were calculated using the simulated x‐ray fluence spectra. The GD/K volume histograms for the glandular dose were presented by a relative glandular volume (%) as a function of the ratio of glandular dose (GD) and air kerma (K). Finally, the dose indices of MGD, GD2%/K (GD2% the dose covered by a 2% glandular volume), and VMGD (glandular volume percentage (%) receiving at least MGD), homogeneity index (HI) were obtained from the glandular dose distributions and GD/K volume histograms. The HI indicates the uniformity of GD distributions.ResultsThe MGD in a standard heterogeneous phantom (CBT: 4 cm, glandularity: 15%) was 25%−37% lower than that in a standard homogeneous phantom. The lower the tube voltage, the larger was the difference between GD2% and MGD. The larger the CBT, the greater is the nonuniformity of the glandular dose distribution. The HI values for heterogeneous phantoms were higher than those for homogeneous phantoms. Values of VMGD were 35%−47% and increased slightly with the tube voltage. Values of VMGD for heterogeneous phantoms were smaller than those for homogenous phantoms at the same tube voltage.ConclusionThe GD distribution differs depending on the CBT and tube voltage, even if the MGD has the same value. The new GD indices proposed in this study are useful for the dose evaluation of the heterogeneous GD distributions.
Structured FISTA for image restoration
Authors: Chen Zixuan , Nagy James G. , Xi Yuanzhe , Yu Bo 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we propose an efficient numerical scheme for solving some large‐scale ill‐posed linear inverse problems arising from image restoration. In order to accelerate the computation, two different hidden structures are exploited. First, the coefficient matrix is approximated as the sum of a small number of Kronecker products. This procedure not only introduces one more level of parallelism into the computation but also enables the usage of computationally intensive matrix–matrix multiplications in the subsequent optimization procedure. We then derive the corresponding Tikhonov regularized minimization model and extend the fast iterative shrinkage‐thresholding algorithm (FISTA) to solve the resulting optimization problem. Because the matrices appearing in the Kronecker product approximation are all structured matrices (Toeplitz, Hankel, etc.), we can further exploit their fast matrix–vector multiplication algorithms at each iteration. The proposed algorithm is thus called structured FISTA (sFISTA). In particular, we show that the approximation error introduced by sFISTA is well under control and sFISTA can reach the same image restoration accuracy level as FISTA. Finally, both the theoretical complexity analysis and some numerical results are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of sFISTA.
Synchronous and asynchronous optimized Schwarz methods for one‐way subdivision of bounded domains
Authors: El Haddad Mireille , Garay José C. , Magoulès Frédéric , Szyld Daniel B. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryConvergence of both synchronous and asynchronous optimized Schwarz algorithms for the shifted Laplacian operator on a bounded rectangular domain, in a one‐way subdivision of the computational domain, with overlap, is shown. Convergence results are obtained under very mild conditions on the size of the subdomains and on the amount of overlap. A couple of results are also given, relating the convergence rate of the asynchronous method to changes in the size of the domain. Numerical experiments illustrate the theoretical results.
Cover Image, Volume 69, Issue 1
Authors: León Judith Martín‐de , Bernardo Victoria , Laguna‐Gutiérrez Ester , Rodríguez‐Pérez Miguel Ángel 
Published: December 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article Influence of the viscosity of PMMA on the cellular structure of nanocellular materials by Judith Martín‐de Leí;n et al., DOI: 10.1002/pi.5920.
imageCover credit: Cover image ©Judith Martín‐de León Images
A winter to remember! Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for life‐threatening asthma in children: A case series and review of literature
Authors: Medar Shivanand S , Derespina Kim R , Jakobleff William A , Ushay Michael H , Peek Giles J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProgressive refractory near‐fatal asthma requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation can lead to death. Data on outcomes in children requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for status asthmaticus is sparse. We describe our experience of three patients in the winter of 2018 to 2019 successfully rescued with ECMO. We also report our novel use of extubation while still being on ECMO support. Awareness and use of ECMO in refractory asthma can help lower the mortality for this very common disease in children. We also review the current literature on the use of ECMO and other extracorporeal therapies in asthma.
The impact of different mutations at arginine141 on the structure, subunit exchange dynamics and chaperone activity of Hsp16.3
Authors: Panda Alok Kumar , Chakraborty Ayon , Nandi Sandip Kumar , Biswas Ashis 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHsp16.3, a molecular chaperone, plays a vital role in the growth and survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis inside the host. We previously reported that deletion of three amino acid residues (142STN144) from C‐terminal extension (CTE) of Hsp16.3 triggers its structural perturbation and increases its chaperone activity, which reaches its apex upon the deletion of its entire CTE (141RSTN144). Thus, we hypothesized that Arg141 (R141) and Ser142 (S142) in the CTE of Hsp16.3 possibly hold the key in maintaining its native‐like structure and chaperone activity. To test this hypothesis, we generated two deletion mutants in which R141 and S142 were deleted individually (Hsp16.3ΔR141 and Hsp16.3ΔS142) and three substitution mutants in which R141 was replaced by lysine (Hsp16.3R141K), alanine (Hsp16.3R141A), and glutamic acid (Hsp16.3R141E), respectively. Hsp16.3ΔS142 or Hsp16.3R141K mutant has native‐like structure and chaperone activity. Deletion of R141 from the CTE (Hsp16.3ΔR141) perturbs the secondary and tertiary structure, lowers the subunit exchange dynamics and decreases the chaperone activity of Hsp16.3. But, the substitution of R141 with alanine (Hsp16.3R141A) or glutamic acid (Hsp16.3R141E) perturbs its secondary and tertiary structure. Surprisingly, such charge tampering of R141 enhances the subunit exchange dynamics and chaperone activity of Hsp16.3. Interestingly, neither the deletion of R141/S142 nor the substitution of R141 with lysine, alanine and glutamic acid affects the oligomeric mass/size of Hsp16.3. Overall, our study suggests that R141 (especially the positive charge on R141) plays a crucial role in maintaining the native‐like structure as well as in regulating subunit exchange dynamics and chaperone activity of Hsp16.3.
The pharmacology and therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Castelli María Sofía , McGonigle Paul , Hornby Pamela J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as a major class of therapeutic agents on the market. To date, approximately 80 mAbs have been granted marketing approval. In 2018, 12 new mAbs were approved by the FDA, representing 20% of the total number of approved drugs. The majority of mAb therapeutics are for oncological and immunological/infectious diseases, but these are expanding into other disease areas. Over 100 monoclonal antibodies are in development, and their unique features ensure that these will remain a part of the therapeutic pipeline. Thus, the therapeutic value and the elucidation of their pharmacological properties supporting clinical development of these large molecules are unquestioned. However, their utilization as pharmacological tools in academic laboratories has lagged behind their small molecule counterparts. Early therapeutic mAbs targeted soluble cytokines, but now that mAbs also target membrane‐bound receptors and have increased circulating half‐life, their pharmacology is more complex. The principles of pharmacology have enabled the development of high affinity, potent and selective small molecule therapeutics with reduced off‐target effects and drug‐drug interactions. This review will discuss how the same basic principles can be applied to mAbs, with some important differences. Monoclonal antibodies have several benefits, such as fewer off‐target adverse effects, fewer drug‐drug interactions, higher specificity, and potentially increased efficacy through targeted therapy. Modifications to decrease the immunogenicity and increase the efficacy are described, with examples of optimizing their pharmacokinetic properties and enabling oral bioavailability. Increased awareness of these advances may help to increase their use in exploratory research and further understand and characterize their pharmacological properties.
Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Aroyl Coumarins in Water via Catalytic Carbopalladation of Nitriles
Authors: Weng Yiyi , Yang Ting , Chen Hantao , Chen Zhuo , Zhu Meijie , Zhan Xuecheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA mild and convenient Palladium‐Catalyzed addition for the synthesis of biologically attractive 3‐aroyl coumarins employing 3‐cyanocoumarins as substrates has been developed. This new method to synthesize 3‐aroyl coumarins has merits such as using green and non‐toxic medium, displaying broad substrate scopes, and achieving moderate to excellent yields. In particular, this protocol shows the significant chemoselectivity to synthesize the halogen (e. g.,bromo and iodo) substituted 3‐aroyl coumarins for further synthetic elaborations.
Platelet-derived factors impair placental chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit synthesis
Authors: Forstner Désirée , Maninger Sabine , Nonn Olivia , Guettler Jacqueline , Moser Gerit , Leitinger Gerd , Pritz Elisabeth , Strunk Dirk , Schallmoser Katharina , Marsche Gunther , Heinemann Akos , Huppertz Berthold , Gauster Martin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
During histiotrophic nutrition of the embryo, maternal platelets may be the first circulating maternal cells that find their way into the placental intervillous space through narrow intertrophoblastic gaps within the plugs of spiral arteries. Activation of platelets at the maternal-fetal interface can influence trophoblast behavior and has been implicated in serious pregnancy pathologies. Here, we show that platelet-derived factors impaired expression and secretion of the human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit (βhCG) in human first trimester placental explants and the trophoblast cell line BeWo. Impaired βhCG synthesis was not the consequence of hampered morphological differentiation, as assessed by analysis of differentiation-associated genes and electron microscopy. Platelet-derived factors did not affect intracellular cAMP levels and phosphorylation of CREB, but activated Smad3 and its downstream-target plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 in forskolin-induced BeWo cell differentiation. While TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor SB431542 did not restore impaired βhCG production in response to platelet-derived factors, Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 interfered with CREB activation, suggesting an interaction of cAMP/CREB and Smad3 signaling. Sequestration of transcription co-activators CBP/p300, known to bind both CREB and Smad3, may limit βhCG production, since CBP/p300 inhibitor C646 significantly restricted its forskolin-induced upregulation. In conclusion, our study suggests that degranulation of maternal platelets at the early maternal-fetal interface can impair placental βhCG production, without substantially affecting morphological and biochemical differentiation of villous trophoblasts.

Key messages

Maternal platelets can be detected on the surface of the placental villi and in intercellular gaps of trophoblast cell columns from gestational week 5 onwards.

Platelet-derived factors impair hCG synthesis in human first trimester placenta.

Platelet-derived factors activate Smad3 in trophoblasts.

Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 interferes with forskolin-induced CREB signaling.

Sequestration of CBP/p300 by activated Smad3 may limit placental hCG production.
Verhaltenstherapie bei depressiven Störungen im Alter
Authors: Gatterer Gerald 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDepressive Störungen stellen neben organischen Störungen die Hauptgruppe der psychischen Erkrankungen im Alter dar. Ursachen hierfür sind einerseits die mit dem Alterungsprozess verbunden körperlichen, aber auch sozialen und kontextuellen Veränderungen und die Notwendigkeit der Verarbeitung derselben durch die betroffenen Menschen. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die Ursachen von depressiven Störungen im Alter und die Möglichkeiten der Verhaltenstherapie dar.
A match made in heaven: predictive approaches to (an unorthodox) sensorimotor enactivism
Authors: Clavel Vázquez María Jimena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt has been pointed out that Sensorimotor Enactivism, a theory that claims that perception is enacted and brought about by movement, says very little about the neural mechanisms that enable perception. For the proponents of the predictive approach to Sensorimotor Enactivism, this is a challenge that can be met by introducing predictive processing into the picture. However, the compatibility between these theories is not straightforward. Firstly, because they seem to differ in their stand towards representations: while Sensorimotor Enactivism is said to belong to the non-representational wing of cognitive science, predictive processing has a representational profile. And secondly, because they exhibit different explanatory strategies: while Sensorimotor Enactivism prioritizes the interactions of the embodied agent, predictive processing has internalist commitments. The aim of this paper is to address these concerns and show that a predictive approach to Sensorimotor Enactivism is viable. More specifically, I focus on the Free-Energy approach, a theory that falls within the ballpark of predictive processing. In this paper I argue for the following claims. I argue that (a) both Sensorimotor Enactivism and the Free-Energy approach may be understood for some systems in representational terms. The non-representational reading of Sensorimotor Enactivism is not mandatory and neither is the representational reading of the Free-Energy approach. (b) Sensorimotor Enactivism is, in this respect, compatible with both representational and non-representational interpretations of the FEA. So, the position towards representations of these frameworks should not stand in the way of a predictive approach to Sensorimotor Enactivism. I also show that (c) the Free-Energy approach allows for an account that prioritizes the interaction of the embodied agent with the environment. This is the explanatory strategy followed by Sensorimotor Enactivism. To justify this strategy and following other proponents of Sensorimotor Enactivism, I argue that by referring to the interactions of the embodied agent a better account of the phenomena in question is provided. On this basis, I claim that (d) Sensorimotor Enactivism and the Free-Energy approach are compatible in what concerns their explanatory strategy as well. Thus, making the case for the viability of the predictive approach to Sensorimotor Enactivism.
The Relations between Hope and Subjective Well-Being: a Literature Overview and Empirical Analysis
Authors: Pleeging Emma , Burger Martijn , van Exel Job 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow we perceive the future can greatly affect how we feel in the present. Even a currently positive situation is hard to bear when we know the future will be grim. Indeed, previous research has found that more hopeful people are happier. However, both hope and subjective well-being are multidimensional concepts comprising emotion (i.e., anticipation and affect), cognition (expectation and satisfaction) and, to some degree, motivation. Since most studies include only one dimension of hope and subjective well-being, little is known about how different aspects of hope relate to different aspects of subjective well-being. This study aims to gain insight into these relationships by providing an overview of the existing empirical literature on hope and subjective well-being. Subsequently, cross-sectional data of a representative sample of the American population are used to further examine the relationship between hope and subjective well-being. Our findings from both the literature and our empirical analysis show that positive expectations are only weakly associated with all domains of subjective well-being, whereas cognitive and emotional hope are most strongly related to subjective well-being. This finding indicates that the more passive characteristics of positive expectations have less of an impact on subjective well-being than a more agentic hopeful disposition.
Three new species and some nomenclatural changes in Senecio (Compositae/Asteraceae: Senecioneae) in the Flora Zambesiaca area
Authors: Beentje Henk 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThree new Senecio species are described, S. fanshawei from Zambia, S. ngandae from Malawi and S. nyangani from Zimbabwe. A new combination is made under S. brachypodus and a taxon is added to the synonymy of this species; single taxa are added for the first time to the synonymy of S. coronatus and S. purpureus, and two taxa each are added for the first time to the synonymy of S. hochstetteri and S. triactinus.
‘I always have fun at work’: How ‘remarkable workers’ employ agency and control in order to enjoy themselves
Authors: Owler Kathryn , Morrison Rachel L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOrganisations and associated management practices are generally considered responsible for promoting employees' enjoyment of work. Our study, on the other hand, seeks to examine the capacity of individual workers to regulate their own experience of fun. We interviewed eight ‘remarkable’ workers who claimed to always (or nearly always) have fun at work. We utilised a critical realist approach in the analysis that enabled the consideration of both structure and agency in the experience of workplace fun. A key research finding was that participants possessed a strong sense of control over their own happiness at work, demonstrated in four ways: (1) a priority placed on fun, (2) a sense of responsibility for fun, (3) a positive orientation to the world and (4) a sense of mastery and challenge in work tasks. Research findings may inspire both individual workers and organisations to adopt an agentic outlook in the workplace, implementing strategies that enhance employee control.
Peacebuilding and the Interface of State Law and Indigenous Market Laws in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Diala Anthony C 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow the interface of state law and indigenous market laws contributes to peacebuilding in Nigeria is an unexplored question that demands attention. First, law, human security and peace are interrelated through the cultural ideas and norms that inform human behaviour. Second, the co-existence of normative orders in Africa favours a top-down approach that inadequately acknowledges indigenous law, neglects its economic, cultural and religious influences, and thereby affects human security. Based on key informant interviews, focus group discussions and observation of markets in southern Nigeria, this article finds that although indigenous market laws are much altered, their foundational values inform market union constitutions, bye-laws and dispute resolution mechanisms. Union officials draft these laws with the assistance of Western-trained legal practitioners and apply them in close co-operation with state organs, who recognize market tribunals as quasi-judicial bodies. The article urges policy attention on the manner people adapt indigenous market laws to socio-economic changes.