bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiduciary management and fiduciary ownership in the post-Soviet countries: experience of Ukraine, Republic of Moldova, Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation
Authors: Nekit Kateryna , Zubar Volodymyr 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The focus of this research is to define the common and distinctive features of the approaches used by lawmakers in the post-Soviet states (Ukraine, Republic of Moldova, Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation) for the purpose of implementing fiduciary management and fiduciary ownership institutes into their respective national laws. It has been established that over the course of the fiduciary management and fiduciary ownership institutes development in the countries referenced above, similar solutions were initially applied. Thus, an effort was made to implement the institute of trust inherent in the common-law countries into the systems of civil law. However, the effort did not come to fruition and that resulted in the fiduciary management institute being implemented. However, notwithstanding the similarities in the general approaches to determining the content of the fiduciary management provisions in all post-Soviet countries, the situation in Ukraine came out to be different from that in other countries. Following the adoption of the Civil Code (CC) of Ukraine with the fiduciary management institute enshrined therein, the Code was amended by adding the provisions on fiduciary ownership, but typical for the Civil Law countries. Over a long period of time, the Ukrainian legislation was the only one that referred to the institute of fiduciary ownership (fiducia), but due to recent dramatic overhaul, the CC of the Republic of Moldova was amended by the provisions on fiducia as well. This research represents a review of modern statutory provisions of Ukraine, Republic of Moldova, Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation covering fiduciary management and fiduciary ownership, including identification of common and distinguishing features thereof. It is found that as of today, the laws of the Russian Federation and Republic of Belarus do not go beyond fiduciary management, whereas those existing in the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine refer to both fiduciary management and fiducia institutes. Outlined in the research are differences between fiduciary management, trust and fiducia. The research also offers an insight into the degree of influence the Draft Common Frame of Reference and provisions of the CC of Romania and CC of France, those related to trust and fiducia, had on the formation of fiduciary ownership concept in the legislation of the Republic of Moldova. Also included in the research is the analysis of the latest changes in the legislation of Ukraine, related to the introduction of fiduciary ownership as a means to secure the performance of obligations.
Boarding of Critically Ill Patients in the Emergency Department
Authors: Mohr Nicholas M. , Wessman Brian T. , Bassin Benjamin , Elie-Turenne Marie-Carmelle , Ellender Timothy , Emlet Lillian L. , Ginsberg Zachary , Gunnerson Kyle , Jones Kevin M. , Kram Bridgette , Marcolini Evie , Rudy Susanna 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
Emergency department boarding is the practice of caring for admitted patients in the emergency department after hospital admission, and boarding has been a growing problem in the United States. Boarding of the critically ill has achieved specific attention because of its association with poor clinical outcomes. Accordingly, the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the American College of Emergency Physicians convened a Task Force to understand the implications of emergency department boarding of the critically ill. The objective of this article is to review the U.S. literature on (1) the frequency of emergency department boarding among the critically ill, (2) the outcomes associated with critical care patient boarding, and (3) local strategies developed to mitigate the impact of emergency department critical care boarding on patient outcomes.

Data Sources and Study Selection:
Review article.

Data Extraction and Data Synthesis:
Emergency department–based boarding of the critically ill patient is common, but no nationally representative frequency estimates has been reported. Boarding literature is limited by variation in the definitions used for boarding and variation in the facilities studied (boarding ranges from 2% to 88% of ICU admissions). Prolonged boarding in the emergency department has been associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation, longer ICU and hospital length of stay, and higher mortality. Health systems have developed multiple mitigation strategies to address emergency department boarding of critically ill patients, including emergency department-based interventions, hospital-based interventions, and emergency department–based resuscitation care units.

Conclusions:
Emergency department boarding of critically ill patients was common and was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Health systems have generated a number of strategies to mitigate these effects. A definition for emergency department boarding is proposed. Future work should establish formal criteria for analysis and benchmarking of emergency department–based boarding overall, with subsequent efforts focused on developing and reporting innovative strategies that improve clinical outcomes of critically ill patients boarded in the emergency department.
The Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Basic/Translational Science Research Priorities*
Authors: Deutschman Clifford S. , Hellman Judith , Ferrer Roca Ricard , De Backer Daniel , Coopersmith Craig M. ,   for the Research Committee of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
Expound upon priorities for basic/translational science identified in a recent paper by a group of experts assigned by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.

Data Sources:
Original paper, search of the literature.

Study Selection:
By several members of the original task force with specific expertise in basic/translational science.

Data Extraction:
None.

Data Synthesis:
None.

Conclusions:
In the first of a series of follow-up reports to the original paper, several members of the original task force with specific expertise provided a more in-depth analysis of the five identified priorities directly related to basic/translational science. This analysis expounds on what is known about the question and what was identified as priorities for ongoing research. It is hoped that this analysis will aid the development of future research initiatives.
Toenail metal concentrations and age at menopause
Authors: White Alexandra J. , O’Brien Katie M. , Niehoff Nicole M. , Jackson Brian P. , Karagas Margaret R. , Weinberg Clarice R. , Keil Alexander P. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Menopause timing is related to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Lead has been associated with an earlier age at menopause, but no study has considered exposure to other metals or multiple metals simultaneously.

Methods:
At baseline, we measured toenail concentrations of 16 metals for 903 premenopausal women in the Sister Study (2003–2009). Age at menopause was ascertained through follow-up questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between individual metals and age at menopause. We used quantile-g-computation to examine the association between age at menopause and the joint effect of a simultaneous increase in (1) all metals and for subgroups of metals categorized as (2) essential or (3) non-essential.

Results:
For individual metals, we observed negligible associations except for an interquartile range increase in lead which was modestly associated with an earlier age at menopause (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.05). In the mixture analyses, a quartile increase in all metals was associated with a later age at menopause (HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.64, 1.02). The metals with the largest negative contributions (i.e., associated with a later age at menopause) were chromium and nickel. The joint effect for the essential metals remained inverse (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.64, 1.07), but was attenuated for nonessential metals (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.76, 1.24).

Conclusions:
Although no individual metal was strongly associated with age at menopause, our joint effect analysis suggests that having low levels of essential metals could be associated with an earlier age at menopause.
Prevalence and correlates of overweight and abdominal adiposity amongst adults residing in Madeira Autonomous Region: a cross-sectional, population-based study
Authors: da Costa Liliane P. , Henriques Eva S.A. , Gouveia Teresa P.E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Data on nutritional status and its risk factors amongst the adult population of the Madeira Autonomous Region (RAM) is scarce. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of, and risk factors associated with overweight and abdominal adiposity, assessed through measuring body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) indexes.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study using a representative sample of 911 subjects (18–64 years) from the RAM Dietary Habits of Adult Population Study. Logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the association between body mass index, WC, and WHtR indexes, with sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics.

Results:
The prevalence of overweight amongst adults was 60.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 56.8–63.2]. The prevalence of abdominal adiposity, assessed by WC and WHtR indexes, was 62.6% (95% CI: 59.4–65.7) and 71.9% (95% CI: 69.0–74.8), respectively. In adjusted models, age and self-reported chronic diseases were associated with both overweight and abdominal adiposity. Women were less likely to be overweight [odds ratio (OR) = 0.7 (95% CI: 0.5–0.9); P = .012] but more likely to have increased WC [OR = 2.9 (95% CI: 2.1–4.0); P < .001], compared to men. Being married was positively associated to being overweight [OR = 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1–2.1); P = .013] and increased WC [OR = 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3–2.6); P < .001], but not with WHtR index. Education level was only associated with WHtR index. Inverse associations were found for each abdominal obesity indicators and smoking status.

Conclusions:
Overweight and abdominal adiposity should be considered 2 major public health problems, amongst adult population of the RAM. Older less educated adults, with smoking habits may be considered a target group for health promotion interventions.
Association of long-chain non-coding RNA MHRT gene single nucleotide polymorphism with risk and prognosis of chronic heart failure
Authors: Zhang Gao , Dou Liping , Chen Yuanyuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Myosin Heavy Chain Associated RNA Transcripts (MHRT) are newly identified cardioprotective lncRNAs. In this study, we investigated the association of MHRT gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with risk and prognosis of chronic heart failure (CHF).
Sanger sequencing was performed to detect the genotypes of rs3729830, rs7140721, rs76614781, rs3729829, rs3729828, rs3729825, and rs3729822 loci in the non-coding region of the MHRT gene from 240 patients with CHF and 240 control subjects. After 3 years of follow-up, progression-free survival was recorded in patients with CHF.
The risk of CHF in subjects carrying A allele of the MHRT gene rs7140721 locus was 1.43 times higher than that of C allele carriers (95% CI: 1.23–1.62, P < .001). The risk of CHF in subjects carrying A allele of the rs3729829 locus was 1.41 times higher than that of G allele carriers (95% CI: 1.20–1.61, P < .01). The risk of CHF in the carriers of T allele of the rs3729825 locus was 1.89 times higher than that of C allele carriers (adjusted OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.66–2.04, P < .01). Further, the level of lncRNA MHRT in the plasma of subjects carrying CA/AA genotype of the rs7140721 locus was significantly higher than that of subjects carrying the CC genotype. The level of lncRNA MHRT in the plasma of subjects carrying GA/AA genotype of the rs3729829 locus was significantly higher than that of subjects carrying the GG genotype. In addition, the level of lncRNA MHRT in subjects with CT/TT genotype of the rs3729825 locus carriers was significantly higher than that in subjects with the CC genotype (P < .05). In addition, significant differences in the mortality of patients with CHF were observed between different genotypes of rs7140721, rs3729829, and rs3729825 loci (P < .001).
The single nucleotide polymorphisms of MHRT gene rs7140721, rs3729829, and rs3729825 loci were associated with the risk of CHF and prognosis.
Tongue diagnosis indices for gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Wu Tzu-Chan , Lu Cheng-Nan , Hu Wen-Long , Wu Keng-Liang , Chiang John Y. , Sheen Jer-Ming , Hung Yu-Chiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis can mirror the status of the internal organ, but evidence is lacking regarding the accuracy of tongue diagnosis to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study was to investigate the association between GERD and tongue manifestation, and whether tongue imaging could be initial diagnosis of GERD noninvasively.
We conducted a cross-sectional, case-controlled observational study at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan from January 2016 to September 2017. Participants aged over 20 years old with GERD were enrolled and control group without GERD were matched by sex. Tongue imaging were acquired with automatic tongue diagnosis system, then followed by endoscope examination. Nine tongue features were extracted, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, analysis of variance, and logistic regression were used.
Each group enrolled 67 participants. We found that the saliva amount (P = .009) and thickness of the tongue's fur (P = .036), especially that in the spleen–stomach area (%) (P = .029), were significantly greater in patients with GERD than in those without. The areas under the ROC curve of the amount of saliva and tongue fur in the spleen–stomach area (%) were 0.606 ± 0.049 and 0.615 ± 0.050, respectively. Additionally, as the value of the amount of saliva and tongue fur in the spleen–stomach area (%) increased, the risk of GERD rose by 3.621 and 1.019 times, respectively. The tongue fur in the spleen–stomach area (%) related to severity of GERD from grade 0 to greater than grade B were 51.67 ± 18.72, 58.10 ± 24.60, and 67.29 ± 24.84, respectively.
The amount of saliva and tongue fur in the spleen–stomach area (%) might predict the risk and severity of GERD and might be noninvasive indicators of GERD. Further large-scale, multi-center, randomized investigations are needed to confirm the results.
Trial registration: NCT03258216, registered August 23, 2017.
CYP2C19, PON1, and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms in Han and Uygur populations with coronary artery disease in Northwestern Xinjiang, China, From 2014 Through 2019
Authors: Wang Tingting , Zhao Ting , Bao Sichen , Jia Li , Feng Jie , Yu Aiping , Sun Li , Guo Xihong , Li Hongjian , Yu Luhai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The morbidity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Uygur population of Xinjiang was much higher than the national average. Clopidogrel is the most commonly used medication worldwide in dual antiplatelet therapy for CAD, and the response of clopidogrel is affected by CYP2C19, PON1, and ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms. The distribution of CYP2C19∗17, ABCB1, and PON1 genetic polymorphisms in Han and Uygur populations with CAD of Xinjiang has not been investigated.
This study aimed to investigate the frequencies of CYP2C19, PON1, and ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms, and to identify the metabolizer phenotype of CYP2C19 in Han and Uygur populations with CAD in Northwestern Xinjiang, China. We identified 602 Han and 527 Uygur patients from 2014 through 2019 and studied genotypes for selected allele polymorphisms using sequencing by hybridization.
There were significantly different allele frequencies and genotype frequencies between the 2 ethnic groups in terms of CYP2C19∗2, ∗3, ∗17, ABCB1 and PON1, (P < .05). For CYP2C19∗17, the frequency of TT genotype was 2.5% in Uygur patients, but it was undetectable in Han patients. In both the intermediate and poor metabolizer groups, the genotypes polymorphisms CYP2C19∗2, ∗3, ∗17 were significantly less common in Uygur patients than in Han patients (P < .001). By contrast, the proportion of ultra-metabolizers as defined by CYP2C19∗2, ∗3, ∗17 polymorphisms significantly higher in Uygur patients (18.6%) than in Han patients (1.7%, P < .001). The CYP2C19∗2 frequency was significantly different between Han patients and Han healthy groups (P < .001), while the CYP2C19∗3 frequency was significantly different between Uygur patients and Uygur healthy groups (P < .001).
Our study supports the notion of interethnic differences in terms of CYP2C19, PON1, and ABCB1 polymorphisms and CYP2C19 genotype-defined clopidogrel metabolic groups. These finding could provide valuable data and insights into personalized CAD treatment for the Uygur and Han populations in Xinjiang.
Multiple cavernous hemangiomas in the orbit
Authors: Deng Chaohua , Hu Weikun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Rational:
Cavernous hemangiomas are one of the most common benign primary orbital lesions. These tumors are insidious in onset, slowly progressive and present more often in middle aged women. Multiple orbital cavernous hemangiomas are extremely rare, and only a few cases have been reported in the published literature.

Patient concerns:
Here, we report the diagnosis and treatment of multiple cavernous hemangiomas in the right orbit of a female patient with impaired visual acuity and proptosis of the eye for more than 10 years.

Diagnosis:
Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit showed a giant and irregular soft mass filling the intraconal and extraconal space of the right orbit, compressing the right optic nerve. After tumor resection, histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma.

Interventions:
A lateral orbitotomy was performed and a total of 13 tumors were excised, with the largest tumor measuring approximately 2.5 × 3.0 cm.

Outcomes:
The visual acuity of the patient was preserved, with only a slightly dilated pupil of the right eye. The follow-up period was 6 months with no signs of recurrence.

Lessons:
Multiple cavernous hemangiomas in the orbit is rare and should be excised surgically as soon as possible.
A comprehensive evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with atrophic gastritis risk
Authors: Tang Zhen-Yu , Ye Zhuo-Miao , Zheng Jing-Hui , Jiang Feng , Tang You-Ming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been inconsistently associated with atrophic gastritis (AG) risk. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize relevant data on SNPs associated with AG.

Methods:
To identify all associated studies of SNPs and AG published, databases had been searched through January 2020 from the databases of PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, Embase, the Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Cochrane Library, and Wanfang databases. With the help of network meta-analysis and Thakkinstian algorithm, the best genetic model with the strongest correlation with AG was selected, the final result – matching to the noteworthy correlation – was obtained by referring to the false positive reporting rate (false positive report probability, FPRP). Based on STREGA's stated criteria, the methodological quality of the data we collected was valued. Both Stata 14.0 and GeMTC will be used for a comprehensive review of the system and will be used in our meta-analysis.

Results:
This study will provide a high-quality evidence to find the SNP most associated with AG susceptibility and the best genetic model.

Conclusions:
This study will explore which SNP is most associated with AG susceptibility.

Registration:
INPLASY202050016.
Clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of patients with early diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Yang Xiaomei , Hu Chenling , Wang Shengju , Chen Qiu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is among the common and serious complications of diabetes and is also a major cause of end-stage kidney disease. Early DN is also called diabetic microalbumin period, the main treatment is in the control of blood sugar on the basis of kidney protection and urine lowering protein. There are few effective methods of western medicine treatment, and most of them are accompanied by adverse reactions. But some studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine has achieved the curative effect and has certain superiority. However, there are few systematic reviews on the treatment of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for early DN currently. Therefore, this study conducted a systematic review of clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of patients with early DN, aim to comprehensively analyze the role of traditional Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of early DN.

Methods and analysis:
The protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on the INPLASY website (https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2020-4-0139/) and INPLASY registration number is INPLASY202040139. A systematic literature search will be conducted in 3 English database and 4 Chinese databases with a language limitation of English and Chinese. Search for clinical research literature on Chinese herbal medicine treatment of DN published in domestic and foreign biomedical journals. The time is limited from January 2010 to February 2020. We will investigate heterogeneity across studies and publication bias. To assess the risk of bias and quality of the included studies, we will use the Cochrane Collaboration's ROB tool. According to the relevant standards in the Cochrane Intervention System Evaluation Manual, it will be divided into low risk, high risk, and unclear. We will also use the RevMan 5.3 software and Stata 13.0 software for meta-analysis of the effectiveness and symptom scores of DN proteinuria.

Ethics and dissemination:
The ethical considerations are not required because the systematic review is based on published studies. The systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed Journal.