bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three species (Hyalomma asiaticum, Rhipicephalus turanicus and H.sulcata)of ticks identified from lizards in arid desert regions of Xinjiang
Authors: Zhou Qi , Li Jiao , Guo Xianguang , Liu Jinlong , Song Qi , Gong Xiong , Chen Han , Zhang Jianhui , He Jinlei , Zheng Zhiwan , Chen Dali , Chen Jian-Ping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of vertebrate animals including human with wide distribution over the world, which are vectors of some human diseases. To date, the species discrimination and phylogenetic relationships among ticks on lizards in China are still unclear. The morphological method is not sufficient for identification of damaged, engorged or immature specimens by the loss of morphological criteria or by the lack of morphological criteria. So, Molecular technique was applied tothis study.
Methods

In this study, the 12S, 16S rDNA and COI fragments of 31 ticks collected from Eremias multiocellata-lizard from 4 arid desert regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous regions in China, were sequenced. 47 Chinese ticks from hedgehog and 1 tick from brushwood were included in this study as reference sample. To infer the phylogenetic relationships among them, 66 12S rDNA, 104 16S rDNA and 85 COI sequences of ticks retrieved from GenBank were also included. All samples identified with phylogenetic and network analyses.
Results

The three Bayesian analyses results (12S, 16S rDNA and COI fragments ) are consistent. They revealed that the 31 ticks from lizards belong to 3 genus and 3 species: 11 were identified as Hyalomma asiaticum, 3 as Rhipicephalus turanicus and 17 ticks belong to Haemaphysalis sulcata. Our results also indicated that the collected ticks from hedgehog were identified as Hyalomma asiaticum (38) and Rhipicephalus turanicus (9), the tick from brushwood was identified as Hyalomma asiaticum. All of these ticks collected from lizard were in small size ranged from 1 to 2 mm. Besides, some of these ticks share the same genotype with their counterparts in neighboring countries. The characteristics of ticks found in this study in Xinjiang may be closely related to the geographical environment.
Conclusions

Our study is the first attempt to investigate the ticks on lizards from the arid desert regions of Xinjiang in China, all of the discoveries on ticks in this study is closely related to the geographical environment in Xinjiang. which would provide more information to the control of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in the northern China.
Evaluation of early antibiotics use in non-severe COVID-19 patients admitted with low risk of bacterial infection
Authors: Yin Xiaoxv , Liu Li , Xu Xing , Huang Lei , Jing Ping , Li Hui , Jiang Nan , Wang Jing , Lu Zuxun , Gong Yanhong , Xiong Nian , Li Changjun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The use of antibiotics is common in the treatment of COVID-19, but adequate evaluation is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of early antibiotic use in non-severe COVID-19 patients admitted with low risk of bacterial infection. The multi-center retrospective cohort study included 1613 non-severe COVID-19 inpatients admitted with low risk of bacterial infection. During the follow-up of 30 days, the proportion of patients progressed into severe type COVID-19 in the early antibiotics use group was almost 1.5 times than that of the comparision group. In the mixed-effect model, the early use of antibiotics was associated with higher probability of developing severe type, staying in the hospital for over 15 days, and secondary infection. However, it was not significant association with mortality rate. Analysis with propensity score-matched cohort displayed similar results. It is suggested that antibiotic use should be avoided unless absolutely necessary in non-severe COVID-19 patients, particularly in the early stages.
An oral FMT capsule as efficient as an enema for microbiota reconstruction following disruption by antibiotics, as assessed in an in vitro human gut model.
Authors: Cécile Verdier , Sylvain Denis , Cyrielle Gasc , Lilia Boucinha , Ophélie Uriot , Dominique Delmas , Joël Dore , Corentin Le Camus , Carole Schwintner , Blanquet-Doit Stephanie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) is an innovative treatment already successfully used in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections. Researchers and clinicians are exploring its potential for treating other digestive or extra-intestinal pathologies where gut microbial dysbiosis has been evidenced, such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity or cancers. Oral capsules were recently developed to address gaps of traditional routes of FMT such as enema or colonoscopy. Clinical studies are obviously the gold standard to evaluate FMT efficiency but remain limited by regulatory, ethics and cost constraints. The aim of the study was to use the in vitro human Artificial Colon ARCOL to compare the efficiency of two enema dosage (10 and 30 g) and a new oral caecum-release capsule in restoring gut microbiota composition and activity after treatment with ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic used in leukemia patients.
Results

By integrating the main physicochemical parameters of the human colon (pH, retention time, nutrient supply and anaerobiosis), ARCOL was shown to capture microbial diversity and inter-individual variability of stools from three healthy donors. Treatment with ciprofloxacin led to a state of marked dysbiosis with a sharp decrease in fermentation activities (production of gases and short chain fatty acids), a loss of microbial diversity and a shift in bacterial populations. All FMT treatments were able to speed-up the restoration of microbial profiles and functions, by decreasing the number of dysbiotic days from 12 to 7–8 depending on the FMT modes. Of note, the bacterial load showed no major influence on enema performance, and oral capsule was almost as efficient as enema even if the amount of administered bacteria was 100 times lower.
Conclusions

This study provides the first example of using an in vitro human colon model for evaluating autologous FMT efficiency and highlights the potential of oral capsule compared to a traditional enema formulation. This new mode of FMT administration combines efficiency with convenient and minimally invasive mode of administration. In accordance to 3R rules, gut models like ARCOL can be advantageously used to test FMT in preclinical phases as an alternative to in vivo assays.
SPAMMER DETECTION BASED ON ACCOUNT, TWEET, AND COMMUNITY ACTIVITY ON TWITTER
Authors: Priyatno Arif Mudi 
Published: July 2020

Spammers are the activities of users who abuse Twitter to spread spam. Spammers imitate legitimate user behavior patterns to avoid being detected by spam detectors. Spammers create lots of fake accounts and collaborate with each other to form communities. The collaboration makes it difficult to detect spammers' accounts. This research proposed the development of feature extraction based on hashtags and community activities for the detection of spammer accounts on Twitter. Hashtags are used by spammers to increase popularity. Community activities are used as features for the detection of spammers so as to give weight to the activities of spammers contained in a community. The experimental result shows that the proposed method got the best performance in accuracy, recall, precision and g-means with are 90.55%, 88.04%, 3.18%, and 16.74%, respectively. The accuracy and g-mean of the proposed method can surpassed previous method with 4.23% and 14.43%. This shows that the proposed method can overcome the problem of detecting spammer on Twitter with better performance compared to state of the art.
Zacopride Exerts an Antiarrhythmic Effect by Specifically Stimulating the Cardiac Inward Rectifier Potassium Current in Rabbits: Exploration of a New Antiarrhythmic Strategy
Authors: Lin Yuanyuan , Li Junhu , Zhu Baozhong , Liu Qinghua , Bai Xiaojie , Chang Bingmei , Guo Yanlin , Feng Qilong , Li Xuewen , Wu Bowei , Cao Jimin 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Zacopride, a potent antagonist of 5-HT3 receptors and an agonist of 5-HT4 receptors, is a
gastrointestinal prokinetic agent. In a previous study, we discovered that zacopride selectively stimulated the inward
rectifier potassium current (IK1) in the rat and that agonizing IK1 prevented or eliminated aconitine-induced arrhythmias
in rats.

Objective:
Our aims were to confirm that the antiarrhythmic effects of zacopride are mediated by selectively enhancing
IK1 in rabbits.

Methods:
The effects of zacopride on the function of the main ion channels were investigated using a whole-cell
patch-clamp technique in rabbits. Effects of zacopride on cardiac arrhythmias were also explored experimentally
both in vivo and in vitro.

Results:
Zacopride moderately enhanced cardiac IK1 but had no apparent action on voltage-gated sodium current
(INa), L- type calcium current (ICa-L), sodium-calcium exchange current (INa/Ca), transient outward potassium current
(Ito), or delayed rectifier potassium current (IK) in rabbits. Zacopride also had a marked antiarrhythmic effect
in vivo and in vitro. We proved that the resting membrane potential (RMP) was hyperpolarized in the presence of 1
μmol/L zacopride, and the action potential duration (APD) at 90% repolarization (APD90) was shortened by zacopride
(0.1-10 μmol/L) in a concentration- dependent manner. Furthermore, zacopride at 1 μmol/L significantly
decreased the incidence of drug-induced early afterdepolarization (EAD) in rabbit ventricular myocytes.

Conclusion:
Zacopride is a selective agonist of rabbit cardiac IK1 and that IK1 enhancement exerts potential antiarrhythmic
effects.
Conduction Disorders in the Setting of Acute STEMI
Authors: Nikus Kjell , Birnbaum Yochai , Fiol-Sala Miquel , Rankinen Jani , de Luna Antoni Bayés 
Published: July 2020

:
ST-elevation myocardial (STEMI) is frequently associated with conduction disorders.
Regional myocardial ischemia or injury may affect the cardiac conduction system at various locations,
and neural reflexes or changes in the balance of the autonomous nervous system may be involved.
Sinoatrial and atrioventricular blocks are more frequent in inferior than anterior STEMI,
while new left anterior fascicular block and right bundle branch block indicate proximal occlusion
of the left anterior descending coronary artery. New left bundle branch block is associated with
multi-vessel disease.

:
Most conduction disorders associated with STEMI are reversible with reperfusion therapy, but they
may still impair prognosis because they indicate a large area at risk, extensive myocardial infarction
or severe coronary artery disease.

:
Acute STEMI recognition is possible in patients with a fascicular or right bundle branch block, but
future studies need to define the cut-off values for ST depression in the leads V1-V3 in inferolateral
MI and for ST elevation in the same leads in anterior STEMI. In the left bundle branch block, concordant
ST elevation is a specific sign of acute coronary artery occlusion, but the ECG feature has
low sensitivity.
Association between Serum Vitamin D Level and Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Patients with Thalassemia Major
Authors: Pishgahi Mehdi , Niroomand Mahtab , Bozorgmehr Rama , Ghane-Fard Shirin , Mousavi Farideh , Tabary Mohammadreza , Khaheshi Isa 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:Thalassemia major (TM) is one of the most common blood disorders with a high mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D deficiency has been suggested to implicate in cardiac abnormalities. In this prospective study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum levels of vitamin D and tissue Doppler (TD) echocardiographic indices in thalassemia major patients.Methods:A total of 81 TM patients, including 56 females and 25 males, with a mean age of 27.5± 6.8 years, were enrolled consecutively. Serum levels of vitamin D and other biomedical parameters were measured. Then, all patients were subjected to TD echocardiography. Correlations between the serum parameters and systolic and diastolic indices were examined.Results:The serum level of vitamin D was correlated with systolic and diastolic indices such as the EF (r= 0.33, P= 0.003) and TD Imaging (TDI)-lateral (r= 0.31, P= 0.005). However, no correlations were observed between vitamin D deficiency and the LV septal and posterior wall thickness, TDIseptal, tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient (TRPG), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), deceleration time (DT), and propagation velocity (PVcm/s) indices. The results revealed also no linear correlations between serum vitamin D and albumin (r= -0.17, P= 0.06), ALP (r= -0.12, P= 0.14), T4 (r= -0.11, P= 0.16), as well as TSH (r= -0.10, P= 0.19).Conclusions:It seems that vitamin D deficiency in patients with TM is associated with systolic but not diastolic dysfunctions, possibly as consequences of related biochemical abnormalities.
Polymeric Nanoparticles Loaded with Acyclovir: Formulation, Characterization and In-Vitro Drug Prolonged-Release Study
Authors: Yen Tran Thi Hai , Linh Nguyen Tran , Giang Vu Thi Thu , Anh Hoang Lan 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
Acyclovir (ACV) is an antiviral drug, which requires frequent dosing
regimen because of poor oral bioavailability and short half-life. In this study, ACV
nanoparticles were formulated using ammonium methacrylates copolymers such as Eudragit
RS 100 (Eud RS) and Eudragit RL 100 (Eud RL) to prolong release drug, and increase
bioavailability.

Methods:
ACV loaded nanoparticles were prepared by the solvent replacement technique
and then were characterized by particle size, distribution, entrapment efficiency, differential
scanning calorimeter, transmission electron microscope, and in-vitro drug release.

Results:
It was found that as drug:polymer ratio changed from 1:2 to1:5, particle size and
drug entrapment efficiency increased significantly. ACV– Eud RS loaded nanoparticles
had a larger mean diameter of 363 nm in comparison to 200 nm of ACV- Eud RL nanoparticles.
DSC results showed that in the prepared ACV-Eud RS nanoparticles, the drug
was presented in the amorphous phase and may have been molecularly dispersed in the
polymer matrix, but in the ACV-Eud RL nanoparticles, the drug was presented in the particles
and homogeneously dispersed in the polymeric matrix. The entrapment efficiency
of AVC-Eud RS nanoparticles was higher than that of ACV-Eud RL nanoparticles.
In vitro drug release study showed that the ratios of released drug from ACV-Eud RS nanoparticles
in the range from 58±3.8 to 62.9±4.6%, which was lower than those from
ACV-Eud RL nanoparticles, in the range from 73.3±4.9 to 77.9±2.9%. The release was
found to follow the Weibull model with a Fickian diffusion mechanism for both ACVEud
RS and ACV- Eud RL nanoparticles.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that ACV nanoparticles based on Eud RS100 and Eud
RL100 could prolong the release of the drug.
Revealing Potential Binding Affinity of FDA Approved Therapeutics Targeting Main Protease (3CLpro) in Impairing Novel Coronavirus (SARSCoV- 2) Replication that Causes COVID-19
Authors: Sivaraman D. , Pradeep P.S. , Manoharan S. Sundar , Bhat C. Ramachandra , Leela K.V. , Venugopal V. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Spread of COVID-19 attains a crucial transition in reveling its pandemic across
the boundaries. In combating the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, there is a spectrum of ideal strategies
that have been adopted globally, of which repurposing of approved drugs considerably having high
clinical relevance. 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL pro) is considered to be the potential target for the
researchers as it is highly essential for cleavage of polyprotein to get 16 nonstructural proteins (called
nsp1-nsp16). These proteins are highly essential for viral replication and hence become a primary target
for enzyme inhibitors. 3CL pro, having a structural projectile helical chain with biologically active site
involved in processing viral polyproteins that are evolved from RNA genome translation.

Objective:
The major objective of the present investigation is to evaluate the enzyme inhibition potential
of FDA approved therapeutic leads in targeting 3CLpro that medicates the viral replication.

Methods:
Docking calculations were carried out for an array of FDA approved molecules which leads to
a notable few molecules such as Emtricitabine, Oseltamivir, Ganciclovir, Chloroquine, Baricitinib,
Favipiravir, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Tenofovir, Umifenovir, Carbapenam, Ertapenem
and Imipenam which have both specificity and selectivity in terms of binding efficiency against
3CL proenzyme.

Results:
A combinatorial evaluation employing in-silico screening shows a major lead for remdesivir
which possesses a substantial affinity to 3CL pro binding on core amino acid residues, such as Leu 27,
His 41, Gly 143, Cys 145, His 164, Met 165, Glu 166, Pro 168 and His 172 which share the biological
significance in mediating enzymatic action. Results of docking simulation by Autodock over a host of
FDA approved molecules show high degree of selectivity and specificity in the increasing order of binding
capacity; Remdesivir> Ertapenem> Imipenam> Tenofovir> Umifenovir> Chloroquine> Lopinavir>
Ritonavir> Emtricitabine> Ganciclovir> Baricitinib> Ribavirin>Oseltamivir>Favipiravir> Carbapenam.

Conclusion:
Till date, there is no known cure attained for treating COVID-19 infection. In conclusion,
lead molecules from already approved sources provoke promising potential which grabs the attention of
the clinicians in availing potential therapeutic candidate as a drug of choice in the clinical management
of COVID-19 time-dependently.
Intravesical and extravesical ureteral reimplantation in children with bilateral refluxing megaureter: comparison of results
Authors: Dubrov V. I. , Kagantsov I. M. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Extravesical ureteral reimplantation is an accepted technique for the surgical treatment of high-grade vesicoureteral reflux. However, many surgeons continue to use an intravesical technique, including for the megaureter. We present our experience and outcomes with these techniques for primary bilateral refluxing megaureter.Purpose of the study. To improve the results of surgical treatment of refluxing megaureter in children.Materials and methods. A retrospective study was performed of 95 patients who underwent ureteral reimplantation between 2006 and 2019. The age of patients at the time of surgery was from 4 months to 13 years (median — 27.6 months), boys were 71 (74.7%), girls were 24 (25.3%). All patients are divided into 2 groups depending on the method of treatment. Group 1 consisted of 65 patients who underwent Cohen single-stage bilateral transvesical ureteral reimplantation. Group 2 included 30 children who underwent two-stage Barry extravesical ureteral reimplantation. The interval between operations was from 1 to 63 months (median — 5.2 months). Patient demographics, surgical technique and outcomes were recorded. A successful postoperative outcome was defined as improved hydronephrosis and no vesicoureteral reflux.Results. Median follow-up period was 3.2 years. The overall success rate was 80% for patients and 88% for ureters. Postoperative grade III – IV reflux had 15 patients (15,8%) and 16 ureters (8,4%). Persistent ureterohydronephrosis had 4 children (4,2%) and 6 ureters (3,2%). The effectiveness of treatment for patients in the Cohen group was 77%, in the Barry group — 87% (p = 0.408), for ureters — 86% and 93%, respectively (p = 0.223). The difference was not significant despite the higher effectiveness extravesical technique.Conclusion. Extravesical and transvesical ureteral reimplantation are effective methods of treatment for bilateral refluxing megaureter in children.
Post-finasteride syndrome: our current knowledge
Authors: Galushkin A. A. , Likhikh D. G. , Kogan M. I. 
Published: July 2020

5-α reductase inhibitors are effective and commonly used medications for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, there are some questions about the safety of such medications. A post-finasteride syndrome is a controversial syndrome associated with a constellation of sexual, physical, and psychological symptoms that develop during or after finasteride exposure and persist after discontinuation. Finasteride and dutasteride have the same mechanism of action and we can suppose that the term «post-finasteride syndrome» may apply to the whole group of 5-alfa reductase inhibitors. Nowadays, reasons and development mechanisms of this syndrome are unclear. The results of studies on sexual, physical, and psychological disorders have shown mixed results. Some experts attribute post-finasteride syndrome to a group of «mysterious diseases» based on psychosocial factors. Also, we need new studies with better design because reasons and development mechanisms of this syndrome are unclear.Aleksandr A. Galushkin and Dmitriу G. Likhikh are employees GlaxoSmithKline Trading, Michael I. Kogan declares no conflict of interest.
Platelet-rich autologous plasma: what is it and for what?
Authors: Medvedev V. L. , Kogan M. I. , Mihailov I. V. , Lepetunov S. N. 
Published: July 2020

Platelet-rich autologous plasma (PRP) is often used in various branches of medicine. The scope of PRP therapy has expanded from stimulating bone regeneration, healing wounds and ulcers, and musculoskeletal injuries to improving the ability to engrave various types of grafts. Due to the natural properties of platelet-rich plasma, its introduction into the human body is one of the most promising procedures for tissue restoration. After the destruction of platelets, PRP contains α-granules, from which many factors are released after activation, such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VGFF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). The current state of the problem of using APOT has a huge perspective on the development of the methodology, which is due to many aspects that make this procedure simple. PRP can improve the course of many urological diseases, such as erectile dysfunction, Peyronie’s disease, urethral stricture, vesicovaginal fistulas, interstitial cystitis, and stress urinary incontinence. There are many protocols for preparing PRP, each of which has its standardized parameters and stated results. The article presents a review of the literature on the use of platelet-rich plasma in urology, focuses on the definition of PRP, various methods of preparation and activation, as well as the concentration of growth factors.
Evaluation of flatulence of Uterus (Nafkhat-ol-rahem) as One of the Causes of Infertility in Women from the Viewpoint of Ali ibn Abbas Ahvazi and Modern Medicine
Authors: Golfakhabadi Fereshteh , Zaheri Abdevand Zeinab , Tansaz Mojgan 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Today Infertility and its complications is one of the largest problems because it would impose economic burden and psychological pressure on the people. One of the infertility reasons in most Iranian Traditional medicine (ITM) manuscripts is focused on Nafkhat-ol-rahem.
Methods: In this study, the Ibn Abbas theories in kamel al- Sina'ah about Nafkhat-ol-rahem, causes, reasons and treatment were investigated. To achieve recent studies, searches were performed in the databases with the keywords including vaginal flatus, vaginal flatulence and pelvic floor weakness.
Results: This disease is caused by bad cold temper, hit and obstruction of cervix, etc. Traditional medicine considered the bloating of uterus (Nafkhat-ol-rahem) the cause of some miscarriages and infertility, because dense gas that accumulated in the uterus, preventing implantation and establishment of the embryo. In ITM, treatment involves the use of warm and mohallel riyah (gas dissolvent) herbal medicines in the form of oral, poultice (topical ointment), Forzajeh and Homol (vaginal suppository).
Conclusion: Nafkhat-ol-Rahem is a highly prevalent disease in women, but because of the shame, the patient does not speak with her doctor. Bloating of uterus and vaginal flatulence seen in the pelvic floor muscle relaxation, which can be harmless or associated with major complications such as rectovaginal fistula and infection of the uterus.