bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explicating anti-amyloidogenic role of curcumin and piperine via amyloid beta (Aβ) explicit pathway: recovery and reversal paradigm effects
Authors: Abdul Manap Aimi Syamima , Madhavan Priya , Vijayabalan Shantini , Chia Adeline , Fukui Koji 
Published: September 2020

Previously, we reported the synergistic effects of curcumin and piperine in cell cultures as potential anti-cholinesterase and anti-amyloidogenic agents. Due to limited findings on the enrolment of these compounds on epigenetic events in AD, we aimed at elucidating the expression profiles of Aβ42-induced SH-SY5Y cells using microarray profiling. In this study, an optimized concentration of 35 µM of curcumin and piperine in combination was used to treat Aβ42 fibril and high-throughput microarray profiling was performed on the extracted RNA. This was then compared to curcumin and piperine used singularly at 49.11 µM and 25 µM, respectively. Our results demonstrated that in the curcumin treated group, from the top 10 upregulated and top 10 downregulated significantly differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05; fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ −2), there were five upregulated and three downregulated genes involved in the amyloidogenic pathway. While from top 10 upregulated and top 10 downregulated significantly differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05; fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ − 2) in the piperine treated group, there were four upregulated and three downregulated genes involved in the same pathway, whereas there were five upregulated and two downregulated genes involved (p < 0.05; fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ − 2) in the curcumin-piperine combined group. Four genes namelyGABARAPL1,CTSB,RAB5andAK5were expressed significantly in all groups. Other genes such asITPR1, GSK3B, PPP3CC, ERN1, APH1A, CYCSandCALM2were novel putative genes that are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. We revealed that curcumin and piperine have displayed their actions against Aβvia the modulation of various mechanistic pathways. Alterations in expression profiles of genes in the neuronal cell model may explain Aβpathology post-treatment and provide new insights for remedial approaches of a combined treatment using curcumin and piperine.
Early childhood caries and its associations with sugar consumption, overweight and exclusive breastfeeding in low, middle and high-income countries: an ecological study
Authors: Folayan Morenike O. , El Tantawi Maha , Ramos-Gomez Francisco , Sabbah Wael 
Published: October 2020

Aim
This ecological study examined the associations between the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), overweight, country’s per capita sugar consumption and duration of exclusive breastfeeding.

Methods
Per capita consumption of sugar in kilograms, percentage of children exclusively breastfed until 6 months of age, percentage of 0–5-year-old children with overweight status, and percentage of 3–5-year-old children with ECC were compared among low-income countries (LICs), middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). The association between the prevalence of ECC and the study variables, and the effect modification by income region were assessed using multivariable linear regression models. Regression coefficients, confidence intervals, partial eta squared and P-values for effect modification were calculated.

Results
The per capita sugar consumption in LICs was significantly lower than in MICs (P = 0.001) and HICs (P < 0.001). The percentage of infants who exclusively breastfed up to 6 months was significantly lower in HICs than in LICs (P < 0.001) and MICs (P = 0.003). The prevalence of overweight was significantly lower in LICs than in MICs (P < 0.001) and HICs (P = 0.021). The prevalence of ECC was significantly lower in HICs than in MICs (P < 0.001). Income was a significant modifier of the associations between the prevalence of ECC, per capita sugar consumption (P = 0.005), and exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months (P = 0.03). The associations between the prevalence of ECC and per capita sugar consumption at the global level and for MICs were stronger (partial eta squared = 0.05 and 0.13 respectively) than for LICs and HICs (partial eta squared <0.0001 and 0.003 respectively). Only in MICs was there a significant association between the prevalence of ECC and per capita sugar consumption (P = 0.002), and between the prevalence of ECC and the percentage of children exclusively breastfed up to 6 months (P = 0.02).

Conclusion
Though the quantity of sugar consumption and exclusive breastfeeding may be a significant risk indicator for ECC in MICs, sugar consumption may be more of a risk indicator for ECC in HICs than in LICs, and vice versa for exclusive breastfeeding. Although ECC and overweight are both sugar-related diseases, we found no significant relationship between them.
Opioid prescribing trends in a Veterans Affairs emergency department and dental clinic before and after implementation of opioid-prescribing guidelines
Authors: Lavasani Rebecca , Chung Michelle , Beatty Allison , Lawrence Phillip , Unni Elizabeth 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Opioid overdose is highly prevalent among veterans. The Opioid Safety Initiative (OSI) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued prescribing guidelines for managing chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the 2013 OSI and 2016 CDC guidelines on opioid-prescribing trends in the emergency department and dental clinic within the Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System.

Methods
In this retrospective, cohort study, opioid prescriptions were queried from January 1, 2013, through March 31, 2017, and separated into 3 groups: pre-OSI, post-OSI, and post-CDC. The primary outcome was to determine a decrease in opioid prescribing. Secondary outcomes included changes in concurrent benzodiazepine and naloxone prescriptions and prescriber status. Analysis of variance was used to determine a difference between study periods.

Results
There were 7339 opioid prescriptions identified. A statistically significant difference was found between the 3 groups in average number of opioids prescribed, morphine milligram equivalents per prescription, days' supplied, and medication quantity per prescription (P &lt; .01). There was no significant difference between the 3 groups regarding morphine milligram equivalents per day (P = .24). Benzodiazepine prescribing remained the same. Concurrent naloxone prescriptions increased.

Discussion
The results demonstrate that days' supply, quantity, and morphine milligram equivalent per day in the post-CDC group were consistent with guideline recommendations. Concurrent naloxone prescribing increased throughout all time periods. Implementation of guidelines impacted opioid-prescribing trends, ultimately lessening potential for misuse and abuse. However, there is still need for improvement with reducing concurrent benzodiazepine prescriptions.
Start low, go fast? Antipsychotic titration patterns at an inpatient psychiatric hospital
Authors: Vadiei Nina , Chien Jonathan , Enwereji Jude , Myslinski Britt , Guzman Alexander 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Antipsychotics are commonly used to treat psychotic symptoms and severe mental illnesses. Treatment guidelines recommend antipsychotics be titrated quickly to therapeutic effect in the acute setting but acknowledge that determining the optimal dose is complicated by a delay between treatment initiation and therapeutic response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antipsychotic titration patterns in an inpatient psychiatric hospital.

Methods
This study is a retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted to a teaching hospital and initiated on an antipsychotic for treatment of psychosis between January and December 2018. Patients were excluded if they had substance-induced psychosis, delirium, were prescribed &gt;1 antipsychotic, or had no antipsychotic dose changes. The primary outcome was the average titration rate of the newly initiated antipsychotic. Secondary outcomes included differences in titration rate between involuntary and voluntary admissions and other antipsychotic characteristics.

Results
Of 149 patients included, the majority had a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia. Antipsychotics were titrated on average every 2 days regardless of admission type. Eighteen percent of patients were titrated to guideline-recommended maximum doses, and it took, on average, 3 days for patients to reach their final dose during hospitalization. Average length of stay was 9 days, and 43.6% of patients were readmitted within 1 year.

Discussion
Antipsychotics are titrated rapidly in the inpatient setting despite a lack of evidence regarding the impact of titration rate on clinical outcomes. Further studies comparing slow versus rapid titration strategies are needed to elucidate the impact of this on patient outcomes.
Implementing integrated measurements of Essential Biodiversity Variables at a national scale
Authors: Bellingham Peter J. , Richardson Sarah J. , Gormley Andrew M. , Allen Robert B. , Cook Asher , Crisp Philippa N. , Forsyth David M. , McGlone Matt S. , McKay Meredith , MacLeod Catriona J. , van Dam‐Bates Paul , Wright Elaine F. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract1. There is a global need for observation systems that deliver regular, timely data on state and trends in biodiversity, but few have been implemented, and fewer still at national scales. We describe the implementation of measurement of Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) on an 8 km × 8 km grid throughout New Zealand, with multiple components of biodiversity (vegetation, birds, and some introduced mammals) measured simultaneously at each sample point.2. Between 2011 and 2017, all public land was sampled nationally (ca. 1,350 points) and some private land (ca. 500 points). Synthetic appraisals of the state of New Zealand's biodiversity, not possible previously, can be derived from the first measurement of species distribution, population abundance, and taxonomic diversity EBVs.3. Native bird counts (all species combined) were about 2.5 times greater per sample point in natural forests and shrublands than in non‐woody ecosystems, and native bird counts exceeded those of non‐native birds across all natural forests and shrublands.4. Non‐native plants, birds, and mammals are invasive throughout, but high‐rainfall forested regions are least invaded, and historically deforested rain shadow regions are most invaded.5. National reporting of terrestrial biodiversity across New Zealand's public land is established and becoming normalised, in the same manner as national and international reporting of human health and education statistics. The challenge is extending coverage across all private land. Repeated measurements of these EBVs, which began in 2017, will allow defensible estimates of biodiversity trends.
A Highly‐Adhesive and Self‐Healing Elastomer for Bio‐Interfacial Electrode
Authors: Xu Zhicheng , Chen Litong , Lu Liangliang , Du Ruichun , Ma Wencan , Cai Yifeng , An Xiaoming , Wu Haomin , Luo Qiong , Xu Qiang , Zhang Qiuhong , Jia Xudong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStretchable electrodes are playing important roles in the measurement of bio‐electrical signals especially in wearable electronic devices. These electrodes usually adopt commercial elastomers such as polydimethylsiloxane or polystyrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene as substrates, which result in poor stability and reliability due to weak interfacial adhesion between electrodes and human skin. Here, dopamine is introduced into the hydrogen bonding based elastomer as pendent groups. The elastomer shows both mechanical strength and adhesion strength at the same time. It exhibits high stress at break (1.9 MPa) and high fracture strain (5100%). Significantly, it exhibits a high adhesive strength (≈62 kPa) and underwater adhesive strength (≈16 kPa) with epithelial tissue. Thus, a stretchable bio‐interfacial electrode is fabricated by spray‐coating silver nanowires on the elastic substrate, which is stretchable, self‐healable, and highly adhesive and suitable for electromyogram measurement.
Boosting the Photoactivity of Grafted Titania: Ultrasound‐Driven Synthesis of a Multi‐Phase Heterogeneous Nano‐Architected Photocatalyst
Authors: Giannakoudakis Dimitrios A. , Qayyum Abdul , Łomot Dariusz , Besenhard Maximilian O. , Lisovytskiy Dmytro , Bandosz Teresa J. , Colmenares Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe herein presented low‐power high‐frequency (500 kHz) ultrasound‐assisted precipitation synthesis (LPHF‐US) leads to a unique multiphase nano‐structured titanium dioxide, grafted with oxygen‐containing organic functionalities. The material exhibits a high porosity (surface area 326 m2 g−1 and total pores volume 0.484 cm3 g−1) and heterogeneous surface chemistry. In the used LPHF‐US synthetic protocol, the energy‐demanding calcination step leading to crystallization is eliminated and an organic residue is simultaneously grafted to the surface. That organic residue affects the anatase nanocrystals, size (4–7 nm), which are embedded in an amorphous titanium hydroxide network. This nanomaterial shows superior performance as a heterogenous photocatalyst either in a gaseous phase by decomposing toxic vapors of chemical warfare agents (a mustard‐gas surrogate), or in a liquid phase by selectively oxidizing benzyl alcohol, a model lignin‐biomass‐derived compound. The grafted organic phase enhances the catalyst's photoreactivity under visible light, by acting as a photosensitizer (antenna effect) and/or as a source of chromophores.
Ultra‐Uniform Nanocrystalline Materials via Two‐Step Sintering
Authors: Dong Yanhao , Yang Hongbing , Zhang Lin , Li Xingyu , Ding Dong , Wang Xiaohui , Li Ju , Li Jiangong , Chen I‐Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNanocrystalline materials with superior properties are of great interest. Much is discussed about obtaining nanograins, but little is known about maintaining grain‐size uniformity that is critical for reliability. An especially intriguing question is whether it is possible to achieve a size distribution narrower than what Hillert theoretically predicted for normal grain growth, a possibility suggested—for growth with a higher growth exponent—by the generalized mean‐field theory of Lifshitz, Slyozov, Wagner (LSW), and Hillert but never realized in practice. Following a rationally designed two‐step sintering route, it has been made possible in bulk materials by taking advantage of the large growth exponent in the intermediate sintering stage to form a uniform microstructure despite residual porosity, and freezing the grain growth thereafter while continuing densification to reach full density. The bulk dense Al2O3 ceramic thus obtained has an average grain size of 34 nm and a size distribution much narrower than Hillert's prediction. Bulk Al2O3 with a grain‐size distribution narrower than the particle‐size distribution of starting powders is also demonstrated, as are highly uniform bulk engineering metals (refractory Mo and W‐Re alloy) and complex functional ceramics (BaTiO3‐based alloys with superior dielectric strength and energy capacity).
Self‐Healing of Electrical Damage in Polymers
Authors: Yang Yang , Dang Zhi‐Min , Li Qi , He Jinliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolymers are widely used as dielectric components and electrical insulations in modern electronic devices and power systems in the industrial sector, transportation, and large appliances, among others, where electrical damage of the materials is one of the major factors threatening the reliability and service lifetime. Self‐healing dielectric polymers, an emerging category of materials capable of recovering dielectric and insulating properties after electrical damage, are of promise to address this issue. This paper aims at summarizing the recent progress in the design and synthesis of self‐healing dielectric polymers. The current understanding to the process of electrical degradation and damage in dielectric polymers is first introduced and the critical requirements in the self‐healing of electrical damage are proposed. Then the feasibility of using self‐healing strategies designed for repairing mechanical damage in the healing of electrical damage is evaluated, based on which the challenges and bottleneck issues are pointed out. The emerging self‐healing methods specifically designed for healing electrical damage are highlighted and some useful mechanisms for developing novel self‐healing dielectric polymers are proposed. It is concluded by providing a brief outlook and some potential directions in the future development toward practical applications in electronics and the electric power industry.
Prior Anticoagulation in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Meinel Thomas R. , Branca Mattia , De Marchis Gian Marco , Nedeltchev Krassen , Kahles Timo , Bonati Leo , Arnold Marcel , Heldner Mirjam R. , Jung Simon , Carrera Emmanuel , Dirren Elisabeth , Michel Patrik , Strambo Davide , Cereda Carlo W. , Bianco Giovanni , Kägi Georg , Vehoff Jochen , Katan Mira , Bolognese Manuel , Backhaus Roland , Salmen Stephan , Albert Sylvan , Medlin Friedrich , Berger Christian , Schelosky Ludwig , Renaud Susanne , Niederhauser Julien , Bonvin Christophe , Schaerer Michael , Mono Marie‐Luise , Rodic Biljana , Tarnutzer Alexander A. , Mordasini Pasquale , Gralla Jan , Kaesmacher Johannes , Engelter Stefan , Fischer Urs , Seiffge David J. ,   the Investigators of the Swiss Stroke Registry
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate, in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute ischemic stroke, the association of prior anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with stroke severity, utilization of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), safety of IVT, and 3‐month outcomes.MethodsThis was a cohort study of consecutive patients (2014–2019) on anticoagulation versus those without (controls) with regard to stroke severity, rates of IVT/mechanical thrombectomy, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) at 3 months.ResultsOf 8,179 patients (mean [SD] age, 79.8 [9.6] years; 49% women), 1,486 (18%) were on VKA treatment, 1,634 (20%) on DOAC treatment at stroke onset, and 5,059 controls. Stroke severity was lower in patients on DOACs (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 4, [interquartile range 2–11]) compared with VKA (6, [2–14]) and controls (7, [3–15], p < 0.001; quantile regression: β −2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.6 to −1.7). The IVT rate in potentially eligible patients was significantly lower in patients on VKA (156 of 247 [63%]; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.67; 95% CI 0.50–0.90) and particularly in patients on DOACs (69 of 464 [15%]; aOR 0.06; 95% CI 0.05–0.08) compared with controls (1,544 of 2,504 [74%]). sICH after IVT occurred in 3.6% (2.6–4.7%) of controls, 9 of 195 (4.6%; 1.9–9.2%; aOR 0.93; 95% CI 0.46–1.90) patients on VKA and 2 of 65 (3.1%; 0.4–10.8%, aOR 0.56; 95% CI 0.28–1.12) of those on DOACs. After adjustments for prognostic confounders, DOAC pretreatment was associated with a favorable 3‐month outcome (aOR 1.24; 1.01–1.51).InterpretationPrior DOAC therapy in patients with AF was associated with decreased admission stroke severity at onset and a remarkably low rate of IVT. Overall, patients on DOAC might have better functional outcome at 3 months. Further research is needed to overcome potential restrictions for IVT in patients taking DOACs. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:42–53
Einfluss der Verteilung hydrophiler Monomere auf die Selbstassemblierung eines pH‐responsiven Copolymers: Kugeln, Würmer und Vesikel aus einer einzigen Copolymerkomposition
Authors: Zhang Junliang , Farias‐Mancilla Barbara , Kulai Ihor , Hoeppener Stephanie , Lonetti Barbara , Prévost Sylvain , Ulbrich Jens , Destarac Mathias , Colombani Olivier , Schubert Ulrich S. , Guerrero‐Sanchez Carlos , Harrisson Simon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEine Serie von Copolymeren, die 50 % Acrylsäure (AA) und 50 % Butylacrylat (BA) enthielten, jedoch unterschiedliche Zusammensetzungsprofile aufwiesen, wurden synthetisiert und ihr pH‐abhängiges Selbstassemblierungsverhalten untersucht. Dabei reichten die synthetisierten Profile von einem AA‐BA‐Diblockcopolymer bis zu einem Poly(AA‐grad‐BA)‐Copolymer mit linearem Gradienten. Während assemblierte Gruppen des AA‐BA‐Diblockcopolymers kinetisch gehemmt waren, zeigten die gradientenartigen Kompositionen reversible Änderungen der Größe und Morphologie als Reaktion auf Veränderung des pH‐Werts. Im Speziellen bildete ein Diblockcopolymer, das aus zwei ungeordneten Copolymersegmenten gleicher Länge (16 % bzw. 84 % AA‐Gehalt) bestand, kugelförmige Mizellen bei einem pH‐Wert >5, eine Mischung aus kugelförmigen und wurmartigen Mizellen bei pH 5 und Vesikel bei pH 4. Diese Anordnungen wurden durch dynamische Lichtstreuung (DLS), Kryo‐Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (Kryo‐TEM) und Kleinwinkelneutronenstreuung (SANS) charakterisiert.
Boron in Prebiological Evolution
Authors: Franco Ana , da Silva José Armando L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBoron(III), as borate (or boric acid), mediates the synthesis of ribose, ribonucleosides, and ribonucleotides. These reactions are carried out under moderate temperatures (typically 70–95 °C) with organic molecules (or their derivatives) detected in interstellar space and inorganic ions found in minerals on Earth (and could occur during early stages of prebiotic evolution). Research in this century suggests that borate was a relevant prebiological reagent, thus reinforcing the RNA world hypothesis as an explanation for the origin of life. Herein, these developments on prebiological chemistry related to boron species are reviewed.
Effect of Hydrophilic Monomer Distribution on Self‐Assembly of a pH‐Responsive Copolymer: Spheres, Worms and Vesicles from a Single Copolymer Composition
Authors: Zhang Junliang , Farias‐Mancilla Barbara , Kulai Ihor , Hoeppener Stephanie , Lonetti Barbara , Prévost Sylvain , Ulbrich Jens , Destarac Mathias , Colombani Olivier , Schubert Ulrich S. , Guerrero‐Sanchez Carlos , Harrisson Simon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA series of copolymers containing 50 mol % acrylic acid (AA) and 50 mol % butyl acrylate (BA) but with differing composition profiles ranging from an AA‐BA diblock copolymer to a linear gradient poly(AA‐grad‐BA) copolymer were synthesized and their pH‐responsive self‐assembly behavior was investigated. While assemblies of the AA‐BA diblock copolymer were kinetically frozen, the gradient‐like compositions underwent reversible changes in size and morphology in response to changes in pH. In particular, a diblock copolymer consisting of two random copolymer segments of equal length (16 mol % and 84 mol % AA content, respectively) formed spherical micelles at pH >5, a mix of spherical and wormlike micelles at pH 5 and vesicles at pH 4. These assemblies were characterized by dynamic light scattering, cryo‐transmission electron microscopy and small angle neutron scattering.