bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body weight status of children aged 7 to 9 in France since 2000: evolution and associated factors
Authors: Benoit Salanave , Emmanuelle Szego , Charlotte Verdot , Valérie Deschamps 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionOverweight and obesity are major risk factors for non-communicable diseases and their prevalence is spreading in high-income countries. However, in France, after an increase among children until 2000, a stabilization of overweight was observed in two national studies conducted by The French Public Health Agency in 2000 and 2007. The study was renewed in 2016 as part of the Children Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) of the WHO regional office for Europe. This work describes the evolution of the prevalence of overweight among children during the period and the relation between overweight and associated factors in 2016.Materials and methodsThe three studies, conducted according to a similar protocol, concerned pupils aged 7 to 9, in primary schools randomly selected throughout the metropolitan area. Weight and height of the children were measured by the nursing staff of the ministry of Education. A self-questionnaire completed by the parents collected sociodemographic characteristics. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was calculated according to the thresholds of the International Obesity Task Force. Analysis was performed using weighting to take into account the complex sampling scheme, and using calibration to provide nationally representative results. Weighting was calculated separately between Education priority area and non-priority area, which depends on the socioeconomic level of the neighborhood.ResultsWhile the stabilization of overweight (including obesity) observed since 2000 was confirmed among girls (21.0% in 2007 versus 18.7% in 2016), a significant decrease was observed among boys (from 18.0% in 2007 to 14.4% in 2016, p = 0.046). In 2016, the gap between girls and boys was significant (p < 0.01) for the first time compared to previous results obtained in 2000 and 2007. The prevalence of obesity was also significantly higher in 2016 among girls than boys (5.5% versus 3.2%, p = 0.01). This excess risk of overweight or obesity in 2016 persisted between genders even after adjusting for covariates. Among children from Education priority area, 21.0% were overweight or obese versus 15.7% in children living in non-priority area (p = 0.001).DiscussionThese results confirm the stabilization of overweight among girls and show, for the first time, a decrease in boys. They also highlight gender and social inequalities in children in France. These trends will need to be confirmed by other studies, and analyzed in more detail to understand the reasons for these differentiated evolutions between genders.
The role of unprocessed beef and lamb in the diets of Irish children and teenagers (5–17 years)
Authors: Lyons Jacqueline , Cocking Christopher , Kehoe Laura , McNulty Breige , Nugent Anne , Walton Janette , Cashman Kevin , Flynn Albert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionMeat is a nutrient-dense food that plays a central role in the diets of many children globally, contributing significantly to intakes of energy, protein and a number of essential micronutrients. However, nutritive quality is variable across meat types and cuts, and dietary guidelines across Europe typically encourage the consumption of lean meats whilst limiting the consumption of processed meats. The current work aimed to estimate intakes of unprocessed beef and lamb and their contribution to nutrient intakes in Irish children and teenagers.MethodsAnalyses were based on data from the Irish National Children's Food Survey (NCFS) (2003–2004; 5–12 years; n 594) and National Teens’ Food Survey (NTFS) (2005–2006; 13–17 years; n 441) (www.iuna.net). Both surveys used a 7-day weighed (NCFS) or semi-weighed (NTFS) food record to collect dietary intake data from nationally representative samples of Irish children. Dietary intake data were converted to nutrient data using WISP©, based on UK and Irish food composition tables. Unprocessed beef and lamb was defined as beef or lamb that had not undergone any preserving process other than chilling, freezing or salting, and included beef or lamb dishes that were wrapped in a controlled atmosphere. Meat intakes from composite dishes (e.g. beef lasagne) were estimated following disaggregation of the non-meat components. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS© v23.0.ResultsUnprocessed beef was consumed by 79% of children and 83% of teenagers, while unprocessed lamb was consumed by 19% of children and 20% of teenagers. Mean daily intakes of unprocessed beef were 21 g and 34 g in children and teenagers (consumers only), while mean daily intakes of unprocessed lamb were 14 g and 23 g. Unprocessed beef and lamb contributed 5–6% to mean daily energy intakes and contributed the following proportions to daily nutrient intakes in children and teenagers, respectively: protein (11%, 15%), total fat (7%, 9%), saturated fat (7%, 10%), monounsaturated fat (9%, 11%), iron (7%, 10%), zinc (18%, 23%), vitamin A (7%, 7%), vitamin D (12%, 16%), total niacin (9%, 13%), vitamin B6 (6%, 9%), vitamin B12 (15%, 22%), sodium (6%, 7%).DiscussionUnprocessed beef and lamb are valuable sources of nutrients for Irish children and teenagers. Relative to their energy contribution, they contribute higher proportions of a number of important nutrients, such as protein, zinc, vitamin D, vitamin B12 and total niacin, while contributing relatively small proportions of total fat, saturated fat and sodium. This research was funded by Meat Technology Ireland.
Malnutrition, frailty and quality of life in older adults – a cross cultural study
Authors: Kelaiditi Eirini , Vidal Maria Teresa Vidal , Myrissa Kyriaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionLife expectancy has considerably improved over the past century. Despite the population living longer, this greater number of life years has been associated with increases in chronic morbidity and mortality, including age-related debilitating conditions, such as frailty and malnutrition with profound implications both socially and economically on society. Given the increasing rates of population ageing, it is critical to ensure that functional ability, wellbeing and quality of life (QoL) are maintained and the factors involved in these processes are understood. This project aimed to compare the prevalence of frailty and malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults living in the UK and Spain; and identify potential determinants of malnutrition, frailty and QoL.Materials and methodsA cross sectional study among 64 male and female community-dwelling older adults 65–92 years from the UK (n = 33) and Spain (n = 31) was conducted. Nutritional status, frailty and QoL were assessed by previously validated self-reported questionnaires: the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), the FiND (Frail Non-Disabled questionnaire) and the SHARE (Study of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe) version of the CASP-12. Multiple and/or logistic regression models were applied to assess factors that predict malnutrition, QoL and risk of frailty.ResultsIn total, mean age of participants was 77 ± 8 years and mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 26.06 ± 4.78 kg/m2. Mean MNA-SF score was 12.70 ± 1.92, and mean QoL was 40.36 ± 5.35. The overall prevalence of malnutrition and frailty was 18.8% and 23.4% respectively. Participants in the UK were more likely to be malnourished than those in Spain (24.2% vs 12.9%), although not significantly (p = 0.245), and the prevalence of frailty was higher in the UK (36.4% vs 9.7%) (p = 0.012). BMI, being frail and income were significant predictors of malnutrition (p < 0.05). Higher QoL was a significant protective factor for frailty risk (Odds Ratio 0.728; 95%CI 0.59–0.90; p = 0.004). Age, income and being frail were significant predictors of QoL (p < 0.05).DiscussionTo our knowledge this is the first cross-cultural study that explored associations between malnutrition, frailty and QoL, using validated questionnaires in both languages. Despite the small sample size, it was revealed that malnutrition and frailty are conditions that can be identified in community dwelling older adults. Although participants self-reported a good QoL, frailty was found to be a strong predictor of QoL. Implementing culturally suited strategies to detect malnutrition and frailty status and prevent further decline would be useful to improve the QoL of older adults in these countries.
Food insecurity and human development, predict colorectal cancer in Colombia; an ecological study
Authors: Falla Oscar Fernando Herran , Salazar Diana Cecilia Álvarez , Fuentes-Sandoval Carlos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionFood insecurity (FI) has been associated with the generation of chronic disease and as a barrier in the treatment of cancer. We established at an ecological level the relationship between FI and the incidence rate of colorectal cancer x 100.000 inhabitants (CRACI).Materials and MethodsAn ecological study was carried out with information that measured the level of human, social and economic development in the territory of the 33 geodemographic units that make up Colombia. Using multiple linear regression with the CRACI as the dependent variable, the FI as the main explanatory and other variables of the context, we established the relationship between FI and the CRACI and predictive equations of the CRACI by sex. The goodness of fit in the models was the coefficient of determination (R2) and the Bland and Almant method.ResultsThe FI is related in an inverse manner, and the human development Index (HDI) is directly related to the CRACI. Two equations predict the CRACI with high precision; In men, [CRACI = -6.38 + -0.25 * FI + 35.5 * HDI].In Women, [CRACI = 6.47 + -0.23 * FI + 19.1 * HDI].The coefficient of determination R2 (%) in men is 88 and in women 72. The average difference between CRACI observed versus the estimated, was -0.00 in men (95% CI: -3.13 to 3.13), and in women of -0.00 (95% CI: -4.08 to 4.08).DiscussionWe establish that in Colombia, FI is significantly and inversely associated with the CRACI and that it is possible to predict the CRACI at an ecological level with a high degree of precision using two variables that are calculated on a regular basis by Colombian state agencies—FI and the HDI.FI has previously been identified as a risk factor in the development and treatment of patients with cancer since the associated economic incapacity reduces adherence to treatment and promotes a limited biological response, explained by a limited and poor-quality diet that exposes these patients to greater levels of infection and relapse.A possible explanation for this is that as greater social and economic development is achieved in the territory, decreasing FI, the diet transitions toward greater consumption of proteins of animal origin, which in turn favours the development of mediators of chronic diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, and cancer. This change is part of the phenomena called nutritional transition and food transition.The equations presented here constitute a cost-effective method for estimating CRACI in Colombia.
Update by the European Food Safety Authority of the dietary reference values for vitamins set for adults in the EU
Authors: Dumas Celine , Fabiani Lucia , Ioannidou Sofia , Pentieva Kristina , Turck Dominique , Neuhäuser-Berthold Monika 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe European Commission requested the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to update the dietary reference values (DRVs) for the European Union (EU) previously set by the Scientific Committee on Food (1993). DRVs are science-based reference values for nutrient intake of healthy people. The work on energy, water, macronutrients and vitamins has been completed (2017); that on minerals has continued (2019). We present the derivation of DRVs for 14 vitamins for adults.To set DRVs for adults, EFSA either used biomarkers of status, a factorial approach, data on health outcomes, or updated EU intake estimates. The latter were initially taken from publications. EFSA then compiled its own food composition database and calculated intake estimates combining it with individual data from representative national surveys from the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database.EFSA set adequate intakes (AIs) for 7 vitamins, and population reference intakes (PRIs) for 7 others, for adults. Based on its review of biomarkers, health outcomes and intake, EFSA confirmed previous DRVs for vitamin K (per kg of body weight), niacin and thiamin (per MJ). Distinct updated values for women and men were derived for vitamins A, B6, C and E. DRVs for vitamins B6 and E were changed to daily amounts (instead of per g of protein or PUFA intake, respectively). Vitamin E was defined as alpha-tocopherol only (instead of alpha-tocopherol equivalents), and the DRV for folate was expressed in μg of dietary folate equivalents (instead of μg). DRV for cobalamin became an AI with an increased value compared to the previous PRI. Using updated intake estimates for biotin and pantothenic acid, and intake-status relationship for vitamin D, EFSA set AIs instead of previous acceptable ranges of intake. EFSA increased the PRI for folate, and that for riboflavin for women, considering data on biomarkers, and also those for vitamins A and C following a factorial approach. For the first time, a DRV for choline for the EU population was set, based on observed intakes and data on correction of deficiency symptoms.This review of available evidence led to a substantial update of the previous DRVs for vitamins. It also showed the need for more studies specifically designed to assess nutritional requirements, or to measure food composition (e.g. vitamin K, choline). There is also a need for the development and improvement of biomarkers of intake or status and relevant analytical methods for their use in setting DRVs.
Phenolic compounds in minimally processed potato: Effect of cultivar, tuber storage time and thermal treatment
Authors: Dite Hunjek Draženka , Pelaić Zdenka , Pedisić Sandra , Repajić Maja , Jakupec Dino , Dragović Uzelac Verica , Levaj Branka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum spp.) is worldwide consumed mostly as table potato, but due to lifestyle changes, production of minimally processed potato (MPP) became an important sector of the food industry. From the health point of view, phenolic compounds as potatoes constituents are desirable, but also responsible for undesirable browning of peeled and sliced potato. The most abundant are phenolic acids such as chlorogenic acid, which is a substrate for enzymatic oxidation in the presence of phenolase and is responsible for browning processes. Its concentration in tubers depends on cultivar type as well as storage, and thereby can influence on shelf life of MPP. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two potato cultivars of different tuber age on the phenolic content of MPP during 8 days of storage followed by thermal treatment. Cultivars Birgit and Lady Claire were selected and stored for 1 and 4 months in warehouse (8 °C/RH 95 %). Potatoes were washed, peeled, sliced and treated with 2 % sodium ascorbate solution for 3 minutes. After draining, MPP samples were vacuum packed in PE/PA bags and stored for 1, 5 and 8 days at 10 °C. After storage, samples of raw, boiled and fried MPP were freeze dried and phenolic content was determined by UPLC MS/MS. In all potato samples chlorogenic acid, catechin and epicatechin were determined, where chlorogenic acid predominated (almost 97 %).Generally, lower phenolic content was determined in cv. Birgit samples. Comparing cultivars upon tubers age, total phenolic content (as sum of all determined polyphenols) was lower after 4 months storage and ranged from 3.33 mg/100 g freeze dried sample (raw cv. Birgit/1st day) to 7.27 mg/100 g (raw cv. Lady Claire/8th day). MPP's phenolic content in raw potatoes increased over the storage time, except in cv. Lady Claire potatoes stored for 1 month. Influence of thermal treatments on the MPP phenolic content showed decrease in boiled and fried MPP prepared from 1 month stored potato, while in MPP samples prepared from 4 months stored potato did not follow a clear trend. Phenolic content was lower in boiled potatoes compared to fried potatoes, regardless cultivar type, probably because phenolics are lost by cooking in water. The current study demonstrates that cv. Birgit is more suitable in minimal processing than cv. Lady Claire according to lower phenolic content.
Role of caffeic and chlorogenic acid in the modulation of cellular fatty acid uptake
Authors: Marino Mirko , Tucci Massimiliano , Taverniti Valentina , Riso Patrizia , Porrini Marisa , Klimis-Zacas Dorothy , Del Bo' Cristian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolyphenols are bioactive molecules widely distributed in numerous foods such as fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, cocoa and beverages. Their main classification include flavonoids (i.e. flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavanols, anthocyanins, and isoflavones), non-flavonoids (i.e. lignans and stilbens) and phenolic acids (i.e. hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids)(1). Caffeic acid (CA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA; an ester of CA and quinic acid) are the major representatives of hydroxycinnamic acids. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that CA and CGA may exert different biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive(2). Despite these promising and diverse anti-atherosclerotic actions, investigations addressing the effect of CA and CGA on atherogenesis are scarce.The present study evaluated the capacity of CA and CGA to reduce lipid accumulation in macrophages derived from monocytic THP-1 cells. THP-1-derived macrophages were incubated with fatty acids (500 μM oleic/palmitic acid, 2:1 ratio) and different concentrations (from 0.03 to 3 μM) of CA and CGA, alone or in combination. Lipid accumulation was quantified spectrophotometrically (excitation: 544 nm, emission: 590 nm) with the fluorescent dye, Nile red. The fold increase compared to the control (without fatty acids) was calculated. In addition, the expression of several transcription factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (CEBP), as potential mechanisms involved in the regulation of lipid accumulation, was evaluated by real time PCR.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the effect of the different concentrations of CA and CGA on lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophages following stimulation with FA.The preliminary results obtained have shown a significant increase in lipid accumulation following fatty acid exposure (p < 0.0001). Incubation with CA and CGA did not reduce lipid accumulation in THP-1 derived macrophages, while the combination of CA + CGA at 0.03, 0.3 and 3 μM (p < 0.01) decreased cellular fatty acid uptake at all concentrations tested by -28%, -32%, -23%, respectively. An apparent modulation of the transcriptional activity of PPARγ, but not CEBP, was observed following the combination of phenolic acids.In conclusion, the incubation of CA + CGA at physiologically relevant concentrations, but not the single compounds, seem to reduce the uptake of fatty acids in THP-1-derived macrophages. Further experiments are ongoing in order to confirm the findings obtained and to better identify the mechanisms of action involved in the reduction of lipid accumulation as a key phenomenon of atherogenesis.
Super greens for super hearts: a smoothie approach to increase plasma lutein.
Authors: Chung Rosanna W.S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionCoronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Despite extensive treatments, many patients still exhibit low-grade systemic inflammation which increases risk of new cardiovascular events. Currently, there is no standard anti-inflammatory strategy to treat CAD.Lutein is an antioxidant abundant in the Mediterranean diet which is known to be cardioprotective. We have previously shown that plasma lutein is inversely correlated to inflammation levels in CAD patients and that it exerts direct anti-inflammatory effects on patients’ immune cells ex vivo. We have also demonstrated that consuming spinach in the form of smoothie can maximize lutein liberation in vitro. The present study is a feasibility study in preparation for a cross-over intervention study in CAD patients. It aimed to compare the efficacy and practicality of raising plasma lutein using lutein-rich smoothies or lutein supplements.Materials and methods7 healthy participants were advised to consume 1) 85 g spinach in smoothies ≥ 5 days/week or 2) 10 mg lutein supplements daily in a cross-over design in two separate 8-week interventions while keeping their usual diets. A 6-week washout period during which their normal diet was maintained separates the two intervention periods. Training on smoothie making was provided. Adherence was recorded daily, and the practicality was ranked in surveys fortnightly. Plasma was collected on 11 occasions. Plasma carotenoids (lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, α-carotene and β-carotene) were quantified by HPLC.ResultsBoth interventions received the two highest scores in terms of taste, ease of use and time consumption. Plasma lutein was increased by both interventions while no change was found in other plasma carotenoids. The lutein-raising effect was higher in supplements compared to smoothies. The smoothies raised plasma lutein levels on an average of 117 %, 143 %, 167 % and 142% from baseline after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of consumption respectively (Pfor trend = 0.003). The lutein supplements increased plasma lutein on an average of 519 %, 637 %, 672 % and 715 % from baseline after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks respectively (Pfor trend = 0.002). Lutein returned to baseline levels for all participants 4 and 6 weeks after the smoothies and 8 and 10 weeks after the supplements.DiscussionBoth methods are effective in increasing plasma lutein in healthy humans. Although the supplements exert higher lutein-raising effects compared to the smoothies, further testing on subjects with CAD is required to determine if the observed effects lead to inflammation reduction with clinical significance.