bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well-managed gestational diabetes mellitus is no longer a risk factor for neonatal RDS — a case-control study
Authors: Xi Guannan , Ying Qian , Wang Xuefeng , Luo Fei , Lu Chengqiu , Yang Yun , Wang Jimei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes in pregnancy used to be considered associated with a higher risk of respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) in neonates. However, whether well-managed gestational diabetes remains an independent risk factor is unclear. This study was to determine the associations of them.METHOD This was a case-control study conducted at the Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. We collected data from 101 RDS infants and 101 RDS infants from among 1749 infants, through a standardized protocol with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two investigators enrolled in recording same datas twice to minimize bias. Assessment of diabetes management was based on HbA1c and random blood glucose measurements. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR). An intergroup analysis was conducted between RDS infants and those without RDS, and a subgroup analysis was conducted between RDS neonates born to women with gestational diabetes and those born to women without gestational diabetes.RESULTS The mean (±SD) gestational age of the RDS infants was 35.9 (±1.9) weeks, which was similar to that of the non-RDS infants (35.7±1.3)weeks). The HbA1c levels at diabetes diagnosed, the HbA1c levels right before delivery and the RBG levels before delivery had no significant differences, and all of them were below a well-controlled level. In the intergroup analysis, the morbidity of gestational diabetes between the two groups showed no significant differences in the adjusted analyses (adjusted OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.59-3.36). However, the case group had significantly more placental abnormalities (adjusted OR 3.61, 95% CI 1.63-8.00), fetal distress (adjusted OR 4.20, 95% CI 1.87-9.46), and asphyxia (adjusted OR 3.74, 95% CI 1.59-8.81) than the control group. In the subgroup analysis, the total dose of the PS applications, incidence of complications, and need for respiratory support (total and separate) were not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSIONS Well managed gestational diabetes is no longer a significant risk factor for RDS, while acute or chronic ischemia factors are. Diet and exercise are sufficient for the GDM management target of HbA1c below 6.5%.
Dietary inflammatory index is associated with lipid profile and interleukin-6 in postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Aslani Zahra , Siassi Fereydoun , Qorbani Mostafa , Shivappa Nitin , Hébert James R , Koohdani Fariba , Hedayati Mehdi , Abshirini Maryam , Soleymani Mahshid , Sotoudeh Gity 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of diseases associated with chronic inflammation is higher in postmenopausal women. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) was developed to evaluate the diet-associated inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the DII score and levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, and inflammatory biomarkers.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 175 postmenopausal women referred to the southern health centers and health clinics affiliated to the southern municipality of Tehran, Iran. The DII score was calculated using dietary intakes derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Concentrations of FBS, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined. Using linear regression models, we evaluated the association between the DII score and blood biomarkers. Results: After adjustment for covariates, the highest DII score category was associated with higher TG value (bDIIt3vs1= 0.08, p=0.03), TG/HDL-C ratio (bDIIt3vs1= 0.10, p=0.04), and IL-6 concentration (bDIIt3vs1= 0.06, p=0.01) compared to the first category of the DII score. Conclusions: We found a positive association between pro-inflammatory diet and unfavorable biomarkers in postmenopausal women.
Positive Predictive Value Surfaces as a Complementary Tool to Assess the Performance of Virtual Screening Methods
Authors: Morales Juan F. , Chuguransky Sara , Alberca Lucas N. , Alice Juan I. , Goicoechea Sofía , Ruiz María E. , Bellera Carolina L. , Talevi Alan 
Published: February 2020

Background:Since their introduction in the virtual screening field, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve-derived metrics have been widely used for benchmarking of computational methods and algorithms intended for virtual screening applications. Whereas in classification problems, the ratio between sensitivity and specificity for a given score value is very informative, a practical concern in virtual screening campaigns is to predict the actual probability that a predicted hit will prove truly active when submitted to experimental testing (in other words, the Positive Predictive Value - PPV). Estimation of such probability is however, obstructed due to its dependency on the yield of actives of the screened library, which cannot be known a priori.Objective:To explore the use of PPV surfaces derived from simulated ranking experiments (retrospective virtual screening) as a complementary tool to ROC curves, for both benchmarking and optimization of score cutoff values.Methods:The utility of the proposed approach is assessed in retrospective virtual screening experiments with four datasets used to infer QSAR classifiers: inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione synthetase; inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei N-myristoyltransferase; inhibitors of GABA transaminase and anticonvulsant activity in the 6 Hz seizure model.Results:Besides illustrating the utility of PPV surfaces to compare the performance of machine learning models for virtual screening applications and to select an adequate score threshold, our results also suggest that ensemble learning provides models with better predictivity and more robust behavior.Conclusion:PPV surfaces are valuable tools to assess virtual screening tools and choose score thresholds to be applied in prospective in silico screens. Ensemble learning approaches seem to consistently lead to improved predictivity and robustness.
A Review on Impact of Medicinal Plants on the Treatment of Oral and Dental Diseases
Authors: Arumugam Balakrishnan , Subramaniam Arunambiga , Alagaraj Praveena 
Published: February 2020

:
Plants play a vital role in the general wellbeing of an individual. Globally plants are habitually
used by the people for the treatment and prevention of various ailments. There is an increased
attempt made from ancient days to prevent the disease occurrence rather than to treat it. Through the
development of modern scientific procedures, it is now identified that the usage of plants in different
forms promotes the health of the patient. Oral and dental hygiene is the primary factor of a human
being to lead a healthy life. Poor diet, nutrition and improper hygienic practices lead to teeth and gum
diseases, dental cavities and plaque etc., Use of herbal extracts and their products in day-to-day life is
a promising and interesting alternative to synthetic compounds to control oral diseases. The present
review summarizes the usage of medicinal plants in the treatment and prevention of oral and dental
diseases in different aspects.
Causes of Deaths in Northern Cyprus: Implications for Accurate Recording and Prevention of Deaths
Authors: Artac Ozdal Macide , Behlul Seda 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Reporting the causes of deaths completely and correctly is important to develop interventions for reducing death rates in populations.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the death rates, major causes of deaths and accuracy of recording of death causes in Northern Cyprus between 2007 and 2016.

Methods:
Data on death rates and causes of deaths between 2007 and 2016 were collected. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23 vs to determine the trends in death rates and to evaluate the ranking of causes of deaths.

Results:
There was an overall decrease in crude death rates between 2007 and 2016. The proportion of deaths in Northern Cyprus varied in terms of gender and age between 2007 and 2016, with death rates greater in males compared to females (1.89 times greater in 2007) and with higher death rates in people of older ages compared to younger people. The most common cause of death was ischemic heart diseases in all years, except in 2008, where senility was reported as the most common cause of death.

Conclusion:
There were decreasing trends in mortality rates in Northern Cyprus, with ischemic heart diseases reported as the top cause of deaths in the population. Accurate and complete reporting must be ensured for effective health policies and reduction of health expenditures.
Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors Associated with High Sodium : Intake among Chinese-Haw Tribal in the Rural Area of Chiang Rai Province, Northern Thailand
Authors: Winyangkul Phatcharin , Thaikruea Lakkana , Siviroj Penprapa , Pruenglampoo Sakda 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Sodium intake has a known association with increasing hypertension, cause of death from Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) worldwide. Ethnic group is increasingly exposed to risk factors to CVD causing of the urbanization and cultural changes.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and potential factors associated with high sodium intake in the Chinese-Haw tribe in Chiang Rai province. Stratified random sampling was used to recruit participants. Face-to-face interviews were used for demographic data and assessment of dietary sodium knowledge, self-efficacy and food consumption. For dietary sodium intake, first-morning urine were collected for identifying concentration of sodium in millimoles per litre (mmol/L) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Unconditional multiple logistic regression was used for determining risk factors associated with high sodium intake.

Results:
There were 302 participants of which majority were women (71.9%), with average age of 49.50 years (±12.12 S.D.). The prevalence of sodium intake was 90.70% more than 2,000 mg/day (High). The association between potential risk factors and high sodium intake revealed that men had higher risk than women (Risk Ratio 1.13, 95%CI 1.07 - 1.19). Multivariate analysis revealed only gender can predict a high sodium intake after adjusted for smoking patterns and alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio 13.73, CI 1.43 - 131.95).

Conclusion:
Prevalence of excess sodium intake per day in the Chinese-Haw tribe was high. This might lead to unhealthy effects. The population at risk should receive appropriate intervention urgently.
Mekanisme Penyimpanan Dan Pemusnahan Benda Sitaan Narkotika (Studi Kasus Pada Kejaksaan Tinggi Aceh)
Authors: Mawar Sitti , Rizal Safrul 
Published: February 2020

Kejaksaan Tinggi Aceh merupakan Instansi Negara yang memiliki kewenangan dalam hal melakukan penyimpanan serta pemusnahan Benda Sitaan Narkotika. Secara aturan perundang-undangan, penyimpanan Benda Sitaan Narkotika semestinya disimpan di Rumah Penyimpanan Benda Sitaan Negara (Rupbasan) sebagaimana ketentuan pasal 44 KUHAP, dan pemusnahan terhadap Benda Sitaan Narkotika dilaksanakan paling lama dalam jangka waktu 7 (tujuh) hari setelah memperoleh utusan pengadilan yang memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap sebagaimana ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang nomor 35 tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika. Namun faktanya aturan perundang-undangan tersebut tidak dijalankan dengan semestinya. Penyimpanan Benda Sitaan Narkotika tidak sepenuhnya disimpan di Rupbasan melainkan disimpan di Kejaksaan Negeri Banda Aceh, serta pemusnahan Benda Sitaan Narkotika yang telah memperoleh putusan pengadilan tidak langsung dimusnahkan dalam jangka waktu 7 (hari) setelah putusan pengadilan tersebut dikeluarkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjawab permasalahan: Pertama, bagaimana mekanisme penyimpanan dan pemusnahan Benda Sitaan Narkotika yang dilakukan oleh Kejaksaan Tinggi Aceh ; Kedua, pa saja kendala yang dihadapi dalam melakukan penyimpanan dan pemusnahan Benda Sitaan Narkotika serta upaya yang dilakukan dalam mengatasi kendala tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian Yuridis Empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Mekanisme Penyimpanan dan Pemusnahan Benda Sitaan Sarkotika yang dilakukan oleh kejaksaan tidak sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dikarenakan kendala-kendala yang dihadapi seperti kendala Letak Rumah Penyimpanan Benda Sitaan Negara tidak strategis, tempat penyimpanan yang kurang memadai, anggaran yang terbatas, prosedur pemusnahan yang rumit. Namun pihak Kejaksaan Tinggi Aceh telah berupaya mengatasi kendala tersebut dengan melakukan koordinasi dengan Kejaksaan Negeri Banda Aceh, mengajukan anggaran tambahan, mengefaluasi kendala dan hambatan yang dihadapi di lapangan.
A dinâmica da produção científica a partir da perspectiva das práticas informacionais
Authors: Prado Maíra , Araújo Carlos Alberto Ávila 
Published: February 2020

Esse trabalho busca compreender as práticas informacionais dos pesquisadores, no que tange a obtenção de informação e as práticas de produção científica. Os resultados demonstra que além dos meios mais consolidados para obtenção e atualização da informação, os pesquisadores tem se atentado a novas formas de perceber informações que são relevantes para a sua pesquisa, assim como uma preocupação de apresentar novos pensadores para pautar as reflexões na pesquisa. No que se refere as práticas de publicação científica, percebe-se que as agências reguladoras de pós-graduação influenciam a dinâmica de publicação, mas percebe-se que os pesquisadores também utilizam estratégias para conciliar essa demanda ao seu desejo pessoal.
Simultaneous spectrofluorometric analysis of tablets containing hydrochlorothiazide combined with timolol maleate or amiloride hydrochloride
Authors: Wedian Fadel , Lataifeh Anas , Mohammed Makaseb S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Green and sensitive spectrofluorometric methods have been developed and validated for the determination of timolol maleate (TML)/hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and amiloride hydrochloride (AMH)/hydrochlorothiazide in tablets. The proposed spectrofluorometric procedures were found to be linear in the range of 4–12, 5–35 and 0.025–0.2 mg L−1 for HCT, TML and AMH, resp. The excitation and emission wavelengths for HCT, TML and AMH at room temperature were 270 and 375, 295 and 435, 330 and 415 nm, resp. The methods were validated with respect to ICH guidelines. The AMH showed higher sensitivity with lower values of LOD and LOQ values compared to HCT and TML. The proposed methods were applied to two pharmaceutical formulations; the method for HCT and AMH has proven as reliable assaying method, whereas the method for TML, when combined with HCT, is applicable to screening semi-quantitative analyses.
Field Extensions and Kronecker’s Construction
Authors: Schwarzweller Christoph 
Published: February 2020

Summary
This is the fourth part of a four-article series containing a Mizar [3], [2], [1] formalization of Kronecker’s construction about roots of polynomials in field extensions, i.e. that for every field F and every polynomial p ∈ F [X]\F there exists a field extension E of F such that p has a root over E. The formalization follows Kronecker’s classical proof using F [X]/<p> as the desired field extension E [6], [4], [5].
In the first part we show that an irreducible polynomial p ∈ F [X]\F has a root over F [X]/<p>. Note, however, that this statement cannot be true in a rigid formal sense: We do not have F ⊆ F [X]/ < p > as sets, so F is not a subfield of F [X]/<p>, and hence formally p is not even a polynomial over F [X]/ < p >. Consequently, we translate p along the canonical monomorphism ϕ: F → F [X]/<p> and show that the translated polynomial ϕ (p) has a root over F [X]/<p>.
Because F is not a subfield of F [X]/<p> we construct in the second part the field (E \ ϕF)∪F for a given monomorphism ϕ: F → E and show that this field both is isomorphic to F and includes F as a subfield. In the literature this part of the proof usually consists of saying that “one can identify F with its image ϕF in F [X]/<p> and therefore consider F as a subfield of F [X]/<p>”. Interestingly, to do so we need to assume that F ∩ E = ∅, in particular Kronecker’s construction can be formalized for fields F with F ∩ F [X] = ∅.
Surprisingly, as we show in the third part, this condition is not automatically true for arbitrary fields F : With the exception of ℤ2 we construct for every field F an isomorphic copy F′ of F with F′ ∩ F′ [X] ≠ ∅. We also prove that for Mizar’s representations of ℤ
n
, ℚ and ℝ we have ℤ
n ∩ ℤ
n
[X] = ∅, ℚ ∩ ℚ[X] = ∅ and ℝ ∩ ℝ[X] = ∅, respectively.
In this fourth part we finally define field extensions: E is a field extension of F iff F is a subfield of E. Note, that in this case we have F ⊆ E as sets, and thus a polynomial p over F is also a polynomial over E. We then apply the construction of the second part to F [X]/<p> with the canonical monomorphism ϕ: F → F [X]/<p>. Together with the first part this gives – for fields F with F ∩ F [X] = ∅ – a field extension E of F in which p ∈ F [X]\F has a root.
China’s Foreign Policy and its Choice for Cultural Soft Power: The Tools
Authors: Rahman Saifur 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Chinese soft power can be assessed in many aspects because there are several tools in which soft power can manifest. This article seeks to assess the efficiency of China’s soft power using four tools from the perspective of public diplomacy. The analysis helps us to better understand the efficiency of foreign public communication tools. The paper is mainly qualitative research from collected secondary materials, following Mark Leonard’s (2002) concept of three dimensions of public diplomacy. The tools considered are: the Confucius institute (cultural institutes); Belt and Road initiative summit 2017 (international events); China central television/CCTV (media); International Students (financial aid for researchers and students). The analysis uses the three dimensions of public diplomacy: daily communication, strategic communication, and long-term communication. There is no indication that any of the selected four tools resonates with any of the three dimensions of public diplomacy. Some tools resonate more than others with a particular dimension of public diplomacy, but nothing is set in place. The media use daily communication quite effectively. International events are more so in strategic communication. Both international students and the cultural institute have an advanced role in long-term communication. However, the three dimensions are important to asses expected outcomes in foreign relations. A single tool could not effectively serve all concerns for getting support within the international community. The limitations of a tool can curb its appeal for a particular dimension, while advantages of the same tool spring in another.
Investigating Service Quality Issues in Higher Educational Context
Authors: Surman Vivien , Tóth Zsuzsanna Eszter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recently, quality issues have been widely addressed in the higher education sector as a result of which the identification and the role of stakeholders have come to the forefront. When evaluating service quality in higher education, three distinct levels of operation could be taken into account, namely, institutional level, program or faculty level and course level, on which the relevant stakeholders perceive service quality by focusing on different attributes. Besides students considered as primary stakeholders, the academic staff is paid considerable attention as they have a direct influence on how students perceive educational service quality. The establishment of a course level service quality framework of a special course is presented in this paper by demonstrating not only the students’ but also the supervisors’ aspects through a student questionnaire, focus group discussions and personal interviews. These approaches resulted in a new, more sophisticated understanding of service quality on course level.
Evaluación del empleo del ciclo de indagación en escuelas rurales de Bolivia
Authors: Roldán Flores Alejandra Irene , Velásquez Fortunato , Palomeque De la Cruz Shirley , Vargas Callisaya Loly , Pacheco Luis F. 
Published: February 2020

Entre los años 2000 a 2005, maestros de 39 escuelas del municipio de Coroico (Bolivia) aplicaron con sus estudiantes un método de investigación llamado Ciclo de Indagación (CI). Con el objetivo de conocer el efecto, en estudiantes y maestros, de la aplicación del CI en las habilidades para diseñar una investigación, en los cambios en el conocimiento sobre el entorno natural y en la capacidad de pensar críticamente sobre el propio entorno, se aplicó en el año 2005 una evaluación cuantitativa a mediano plazo. Adicionalmente, para evaluar si las experiencias con el CI se almacenaron en la memoria a largo plazo, se realizó en el año 2017 una encuesta a un grupo de 47 jóvenes que aplicaron el CI cuando eran niños. Los resultados indican que la aplicación frecuente del CI mejora el conocimiento y comprensión del entorno natural y la capacidad de reflexionar acerca del ambiente. Esto se mantiene en el largo plazo, al menos en una parte de los involucrados. Concluimos que el CI es una herramienta muy valiosa para la enseñanza de la ciencia vinculada principalmente con la conservación ambiental.
Quality of life in patients, suffering localized reno-cellular cancer after operative treatment
Authors: Voylenko O. A. , Kononenko O. A. , Semko S. L. , Pikul M. V. , Stakhovskyi O. E. , Vitruk Yu. V. , Stakhovsky E. O. 
Published: February 2020

Objective. To rise the efficacy of treatment in patients, suffering localized reno-cellular cancer (LRCC), studying quality of life in patients and determination of optimal procedure of operative treatment. Materials and methods. Of 511 patients, suffering LRCC (T1-T2 N0M0), in whom quality of life was estimated in accordance to the SF-36 questionnaire, renal resection was performed in 422 (82.6%), nephrectomy - 89 (17.4%). The observation duration median have constituted 28.9 mo (from 3 to 131 mo). Results. A patient’s cognition of the oncological disease missing have raised the quality of life self-estimation, predominantly in accordance to indices of psychological component of health after nephrectomy and after renal resection. Comparing the quality of life between the patients’ groups, there was obtained a statistically significant advantage of renal resection over nephrectomy in accordance to five indices of quality of life, including: physical functioning - 75 [65; 85] points after nephrectomy and 80 [70; 90] points after renal resection (p < 0.005); general state of health - 65 [57; 72] and 70 [65; 80] (p < 0.001); vital activity - 65 [55; 70] and 70 [60; 75] (p < 0.005); psychological health - 76 [60; 80] and 80 [68; 88] (p < 0.005); the emotionally-role functioning - 66.7 [66.7; 100] and 100 [66,7; 100] (p < 0.05) points, accordingly. Conclusion. Renal resection has a statistically proven advantage over nephrectomy in accordance to patients’ quality of life, determined, basing on data from the SF-36 questionnaire, predominantly due to better psychological self estimation of the patient’s state of health (p < 0.01). Difference between the investigated groups in accordance to indices of pain intensity, social and physical-role functioning was not established.