bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First Hundred Days of Novel Corona-virus Disease 2019 in Ethiopia, 13 March to 21 June 2020: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Watare Shambel Habebe , Edea Zewdu Assefa , Desta Haftom Taame , Lombamo Fantu , Yohannes Negussie , Asefa Mulugeta , Mirkuzie Alem , Gemechu Diriba Sufa , Teka Gizaw , Feyisa Yohannes Dugasa , Eshetu Kirubel , Tesema Masresha , MUSA Emmanuel Onuche , Tollera Getachew , Abayneh Aschalew , Abate Ebba 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was originated from Wuhan city, China and spread to almost all countries and territories in the world. Ethiopia reported its first COVID-19 confirmed case on 13 March, 2020. This study aims to show the epidemiological characteristics of the pandemic in Ethiopia in the first hundred days, which would help to guide the ongoing national response efforts to control and prevent the spread of the disease through generating scientific evidence.MethodWe conducted secondary data analysis of COVID-19 data extracted from a national database at Ethiopian Public Health Institute from 13 March to 21 June, 2020. We anonymized personal information for privacy protection. Data was cleaned and descriptive analyses was employed. We used Arc GIS to illustrate the geographical distribution of COVID-19 cases.ResultsOf the 216,328 examined individuals, 4,534 (2.1%) tested positive for COVID-19 of which 74(CFR: 1.6%) have died. People aged between 20–49 years attributed for 76.3% of the total cases. Majority, 2,851 (62.9%) of the cases were male, 3,222 (71.3%) reported from Addis Ababa, 982 (21.7%) of the cases were imported, 413(9.1%) had contact with confirmed cases, 3,139 (69.2%) had no travel history nor contact with confirmed case, and 4,180 (92.2%) of the cases reported were asymptomatic. Health Care Workers contributed for 3.7% of the total cases reported.ConclusionThe magnitude and distribution of COVID-19 cases and deaths and Health Care Workers infection has increased throughout the country over-time. Due emphasis needs to be given by the government, all stakeholders, and partners to scale-up and expand laboratory diagnosis capacities, strengthen surveillance and contact tracing, implement proper Infection Prevention and Control measures, improve case management services and the community should strictly follow social distancing measures. There should be an appropriate health care workers risk factors assessment and intervention to adequately protect the health care workers exposure and infection. Further study shall be conducted to describe the knowledge gaps on the asymptomatic transmission of the virus.
Genome-wide characterization of SPL gene family in Codonopsis pilosula reveals the novel roles of CpSPL2 and CpSPL10 in promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites and growth of C. pilosula hairy root
Authors: Yang Jing , Guo Zhonglong , Cao Yao , Chen Rui , Wang Wentao , Yang Xiaozeng , cao xiaoyan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factors play critical roles in regulating diverse aspects of plant growth and development, including vegetative phase change, plant architecture, anthocyanin accumulation, lateral root growth, etc. Codonopsis pilosula is a famous medicinal plant and its dried root, named Dangshen, is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicine. However, little information about SPL genes in this species has been reported.
Results

In the present study, 15 SPL genes were identified based on the genome data of Codonopsis pilosula. Ten of the 15 CpSPLs were predicted to be the targets of miR156. Phylogenetic analysis clustered CpSPLs into seven groups (G1-G7) along with 16 SPLs from Arabidopsis thaliana. CpSPLs in the same group share similar gene structure and conserved motif composition. Cis-acting elements responding to light, stress, and phytohormone widely exist in their promoter regions. Our qRT-PCR results indicated that 15 CpSPLs were differentially expressed in different tissues (root, stem, leaf, flower, and calyx), different developmental periods (1, 2 and 3 months after germination), and various conditions (NaCl, MeJA and ABA treatment). Compared with the control, overexpression of CpSPL2 or CpSPL10 significantly promoted not only the growth of hairy roots, but also the accumulation of total saponins and lobetyolin.
Conclusions

The SPL genes in the C. pilosula genome were identified and their expression patterns were analyzed. The novel roles of CpSPL2 and CpSPL10 in promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites and growth of C. pilosula hairy root were revealed. Our results established a foundation for further investigation of CpSPLs and provided novel insights into their biological functions.
Yellow and purple nutsedge and coffee senna as hosts of common plant nematodes in Florida
Authors: de Lourdes Mendes Maria , Dickson Donald W. , Crow William T. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Yellow (Cyperus esculentus) and purple (C. rotundus) nutsedges, and coffee senna (Senna occidentalis) are common weeds in the southern USA and each have been reported as alternative hosts for plant-parasitic nematodes. Our objective was to determine the host suitability of these weeds to plant-parasitic nematodes common in Florida agriculture and turfgrass systems. The root-knot nematode (RKN) species tested included Meloidogyne arenaria, M. enterolobii, M. floridensis, M. graminis, M. hapla, M. incognita, and M. javanica. The host status of sting nematode, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, was also evaluated, but only on the nutsedge species. All RKN species evaluated reproduced on both nutsedge species and had a reproductive factor greater than one, except for M. graminis on yellow nutsedge. However, only M. hapla, M. javanica, and M. graminis induced visual galls on yellow nutsedge and only M. graminis caused galling on purple nutsedge. Meloidogyne arenaria and M. graminis reproduced at a greater rate on purple nutsedge than on yellow nutsedge. Both nutsedge species were good hosts to B. longicaudatus. Coffee senna was a host to M. enterolobii, a poor host to M. incognita, and nonhost to the other RKN species evaluated.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Heterodera dunensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from Gran Canaria, Canary Islands
Authors: Singh Phougeishangbam Rolish , Karssen Gerrit , Couvreur Marjolein , Bert Wim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Heterodera dunensis n. sp. from the coastal dunes of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, is described. This new species belongs to the Schachtii group of Heterodera with ambifenestrate fenestration, presence of prominent bullae, and a strong underbridge of cysts. It is characterized by vermiform second-stage juveniles having a slightly offset, dome-shaped labial region with three annuli, four lateral lines, a relatively long stylet (27-31 µm), short tail (35-45 µm), and 46 to 51% of tail as hyaline portion. Males were not found in the type population. Phylogenetic trees inferred from D2-D3 of 28S, partial ITS, and 18S of ribosomal DNA and COI of mitochondrial DNA sequences indicate a position in the ‘Schachtii clade’.
Intraspecific variation in phenotypic and phylogenetic features among Pratylenchus penetrans isolates from Wisconsin, USA
Authors: Saikai Kanan , MacGuidwin Ann E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Pratylenchus penetrans is a common and important agricultural pest in Wisconsin, a USA state with a diverse agriculture. We compared populations from around the state to each other and to data published for populations around the world to gain insight on the variability of features important for identification of this cosmopolitan species. Thirteen isolates from samples collected in soybean fields in ten Wisconsin counties were established in monoxenic cultures. Analysis of morphological features revealed the least variable feature for all isolates collectively was vulva percentage. Features less variable within than among isolates were body width, lip region height, and stylet length. Some isolates showed only the smooth tail tip phenotype and others had a mix of smooth and annulated tail phenotypes. A suite of features provided sufficient pattern to group isolates into four clusters according to hierarchical agglomerative clustering and canonical discriminative analyses, but not with enough distinction to be useful for classification. Haplotype analysis based on the COI mitochondrial gene of the 13 cultured isolates, 39 Wisconsin field populations, and published sequences representing five additional USA states and six countries revealed 21 haplotypes, 15 of which occurred in Wisconsin. Ten haplotypes represented in Wisconsin were shared with populations from Europe, South America, Africa, or Asia. Five haplotypes were unique to Wisconsin, six were unique to The Netherlands, and one was unique to Japan suggesting that even more COI diversity will be revealed when more COI sequences for P. penetrans become available. The maximum pairwise sequence variation was 6% and the SNPs did not alter amino acids, indicating cryptic biodiversity within the species worldwide. The cosmopolitan to localized scale of distribution of COI haplotypes could be due to frequent and ongoing dispersal events, facilitated by life history traits and the broad host range of P. penetrans. Regions of diverse agriculture, like Wisconsin, show promise for studying this important pest and our study confirms the utility of the COI mtDNA gene for studying variation within a species.
The Role of Plant-Derived Compounds in Managing Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature from 2014 To 2019
Authors: El-Nashar Heba A.S. , Mostafa Nada M. , El-Shazly Mohamed , Eldahshan Omayma A. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a global health problem characterized
by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion or failure of insulin activity.
There is an imperative need for the discovery of alternative therapeutic agents that
overcome the drawbacks of the current synthetic antidiabetic drugs.

Objectives:
This review critically summarizes the reports on the known and novel natural
compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins with a potent antidiabetic activity
that were recently published from 2014 to 2019. We discussed the underlying mechanisms
of action that put these compounds in the category of effective antidiabetic candidates.

Discussion and Conclusion:
The reported natural compounds showed promising antidiabetic
activity through different mechanisms such as the inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase,
insulin-sensitizing effect, direct action on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B),
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), GLUT4 expression, insulin
receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) as well as dipeptidyl
peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme. Some compounds inhibited the formation of advanced
glycation end products (AGEs). Other compounds prevented the risk of diabetic
complications such as cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, and nephropathy. This review
provides a critical overview of the most recent discoveries of antidiabetic agents
from natural sources. This overview could help researchers to focus on the most prominent
candidates aiming to develop new drug leads.
Synthesis, Design and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Novel 5-(Indol-3-yl)thiazolidinone Derivatives as COX-2 Inhibitors
Authors: Atta-Allah Saad R. , Ismail Nasser S.M. , Nassar Ibrahim F. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
New N-substituted 5-(oxoindolinyl)-2-thioxo- thiazolidinone derivatives
were synthesized.

Methods and Materials:
The C2
-substituted thiazolidinone derivatives with piperidinyl and morpholinyl
moieties in addition to the tetracyclic [(oxindolo)pyrazino]thiazolidine, the chloro- and aminoderivatives
of the (indolyl)thiazolidinone ring system were also prepared.

Results:
The COX-2 inhibition activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated by studying
their ability to inhibit the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). Five of the
tested candidates, substituted (oxonidolyl)thiazolidine derivatives (3a, 6f, 8b, 10 and 12) showed
significant COX-2 inhibitory activity exhibiting IC50 values better than or close to the reference
celecoxib. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied revealing that a number of compounds have
shown good activities and compound 10 produced no significant mucosal injury.

Conclusion:
Molecular docking study was implemented to interpret the variable inhibitory activity of
the newly synthesized compounds against COX enzyme. The results suggested that some of these
derivatives could be active COX inhibitors possessing a high preference for COX-2.
The Patient-centered Medical Home as an Intervention Strategy for Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: McManus Lisa S. , Dominguez-Cancino Karen A. , Stanek Michele K. , Leyva-Moral Juan. M. , Bravo-Tare Carola E. , Rivera-Lozada Oriana , Palmieri Patrick A. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Poorly managed diabetes mellitus increases health care expenditures and
negatively impacts health outcomes. There are 34 million people living with diabetes in the United
States with a direct annual medical cost of $237 billion. The patient-centered medical home
(PCMH) was introduced to transform primary care by offering team-based care that is accessible,
coordinated, and comprehensive. Although the PCMH is believed to address multiple gaps in delivering
care to people living with chronic diseases, the research has not yet reported clear benefits for
managing diabetes.

Objective:
The study reviews the scientific literature about diabetes mellitus outcomes reported by
PCMHs, and understands the impact of team-based care, interdisciplinary communication, and care
coordination strategies on the clinical, financial, and health-related outcomes.

Method:
The systematic review was performed according to the Cochrane method and the Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Eight databases were systematically
searched for articles. The Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of evidence
and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme systematic review checklist were used to evaluate the
studies.

Results:
The search resulted in 596 articles, of which 24 met all the inclusion criteria. Care management
resulted in more screenings and better preventive care. Pharmacy-led interventions and technology
were associated with positive clinical outcomes, decreased utilization, and cost savings.
Most studies reported decreased emergency room visits and less inpatient admissions.

Conclusion :
The quality and strength of the outcomes were largely inconclusive about the overall
effectiveness of the PCMH. Defining and comparing concepts across studies was difficult as universal
definitions specific to the PCMH were not often applied. More research is needed to unpack the
care model of the PCMH to further understand how the individual key components, such as care
bundles, contribute to improved outcomes. Further evaluations are needed for team-based care,
communication, and care coordination with comparisons to patient, clinical, health, and financial
outcomes.
Catechin Derivatives as Inhibitor of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): Molecular Docking Studies Unveil an Opportunity Against CORONA
Authors: Arif Muhammad Nouman 
Published: November 2020

Background:A new stain of corona virus COVID-19 got worldwide attention and has affected almost whole of the world population. Currently there is no specific vaccine or drug against COVID-19. Xu et al. (2020) built a homolog model of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro based on SARS-CoV Mpro which is considered as target to inhibit the replication of CoV.Objective:The aim of current study is to find potential inhibitors of COVID-19 Mpro using docking analysis.Methods:Autodockvina was used to carry out Protein-Ligand docking. COVID-19 main protease Mpro was docked with catechin and its different synthetic derivatives. Nelfinavir is an antiretroviral drug belongs to protease inhibitors was taken as standard.Results:According to the result obtained it was found that Compound (4) and Compound (1) have more affinity than nelfinavir.Conclusion:Compounds have a great potential to become COVID-19 main protease Mpro inhibitor. Nevertheless for their medicinal use further investigation is necessary.
Changes in Phenolic Compounds Profiles in Tea Extracts and the Composition of these Phenolic Compounds in Yogurt
Authors: Shori Amal Bakr , Muniandy Premalatha , Baba Ahmad Salihin 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Green, white, and black tea water extracts are rich in phenolic compounds.

Objective:
The changes in phenolic compound profiles of green, white, and black tea (GT, WT, &
BT respectively) water extracts and their respective yogurt were investigated.

Methods:
hree types of yogurt with tea water extracts were prepared, and the phenolic compound
profiles were analyzed using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method.

Results:
The present data found that flavonol glycosides such as kaempferol-3-rutinoside and
quercetin-rhamnosylgalactoside or rutinoside were present in WT extract, whereas catechin derivatives
such as gallocatechin (GC) and epigallocatechin (EGC) were present in GT extract. Moreover,
theaflavin-3-O-gallate was observed in BT extract. Many of the catechin and its derivatives
detected in the tea extracts were not identified in the tea yogurt samples. However, new phenolic
compounds were present in GT-yogurt (i.e., kaempferol-3-rutinoside and quinic acid conjugate)
but absent in GT extract.

Conclusion:
GT, WT, & BT extracts could be used to enriched-yogurt with phenolic compounds,
which may have antioxidant properties.
The Promise and Peril of Mobile Phones for Youth in Rural Uganda: Multimethod Study of Implications for Health and HIV
Authors: Kreniske Philip , Basmajian Alyssa , Nakyanjo Neema , Ddaaki William , Isabirye Dauda , Ssekyewa Charles , Nakubulwa Rosette , Hirsch Jennifer S , Deisher Andrea , Nalugoda Fred , Chang Larry W , Santelli John S 
Published: November 2020

Background
In East Africa, where landlines are used by 1% of the population and access to the internet is limited, owning a cell phone is rapidly becoming essential for acquiring information and resources. Our analysis illuminates the perils and potential promise of mobile phones with implications for future interventions to promote the health of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and to prevent HIV infection.

Objective
The aim of this study is to describe the current state of AYAs’ phone use in the region and trace out the implications for mobile health interventions.

Methods
We identified 2 trading centers that were representative of southern Uganda in terms of key demographics, proportion of cell phone ownership, and community HIV prevalence. We stratified the sample of potential informants by age group (15-19 years and 20-24 years), gender, and phone ownership and randomly sampled 31 key informant interview participants within these categories. In addition, we conducted 24 ethnographic participant observations among AYAs in the communities of study.

Results
AYA frequently reported barriers to using their phones, such as difficulty accessing electricity. Nearly all AYAs used mobile phones to participate in the local economy and communicate with sexual partners. Phone use was frequently a point of contention between sexual partners, with many AYAs reporting that their sexual partners associated phone use with infidelity. Few AYAs reported using their phones for health-related purposes, with most getting health information in person from health workers. However, most AYAs reported an instance when they used their phone in an emergency, with childbirth-related emergencies being the most common. Finally, most AYAs reported that they would like to use their phones for health purposes and specifically stated that they would like to use their mobile phones to access current HIV prevention information.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates how mobile phones are related to income-generating practices in the region and communication with sexual partners but not access to health and HIV information. Our analysis offers some explanation for our previous study, which suggested an association between mobile phone ownership, having multiple sexual partners, and HIV risk. Mobile phones have untapped potential to serve as tools for health promotion and HIV prevention.
Predictors of Internet Use Among Older Adults With Diabetes in South Korea: Survey Study
Authors: Park Sunhee , Kim Beomsoo 
Published: November 2020

Background
Internet access in Korea has grown dramatically over the past two decades. However, disparities in internet use, referred to as the second level of the digital divide, persist.

Objective
This study aims to examine opportunity, motivation, and health variables that indicate internet use among older adults with diabetes.

Methods
Data were sourced from a nationally representative sample of people 65 years and older with diabetes (N=1919). Logistic regression was used to explore potential differences in predictor variables between internet users and nonusers.

Results
Only 306 of the 1919 (15.95%) participants in the sample used the internet. They were more likely to be younger (odds ratio [OR] 0.89, 95% CI 0.87-0.92), well-educated (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.16-1.26), and able to afford leisure expenditures (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04). Additionally, they had more information and communications technology (ICT) training experience, were motivated to learn, volunteered, and reported good physical and cognitive function. Participation in ICT education and better health more positively correlated with a higher rate of internet use than did years of education or economic standing in older adults with diabetes.

Conclusions
To support older adults with diabetes in the internet age, policies and health care providers should focus on digital competency training as well as physical and cognitive function.
Unknown negative genes in the positive RNA genomes of coronaviruses
Authors: Oleg Prof. Zhirnov , Zhirnov O P , Poyarkov S V 
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus family has a single-stranded RNA genome encoding 25-30
proteins in different viruses by the mechanism of positive-sense
strategy. Extended open reading translation frames (genes) were found to
locate under a negative-sense polarity in all coronaviruses genomes.
These negative-sense genes varies in the range of 150-450 nt to encode
negative genes polypeptides (NGP) with mol. wt. 5-30 kDa. It implies
that coronaviruses besides positive genome strategy may have “a dark
side of the Moon” expressing genes and virions through the negative
strategy. It is noteworthy, that positive- and negative-sense genes
colocolized in the same RNA regions of coronavirus genome, so called
stacking genes. Ambisense stacking of genes in coronavirus genomes
significantly increases virus diversity, genetic potential and extend
virus-host adaptation pathway possibilities.