bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What it means to be a woman in the field of biomedical informatics: exploring the lived experiences of women managers in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldekhyyel Raniah N , Almulhem Jwaher A , Binkheder Samar , Muaygil Ruaim A , Aldekhyyel Shahad N 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Although women in the field of biomedical informatics (BMI) are part of a golden era, little is known about their lived experiences as informaticians. Guided by feminist standpoint theory, this study aims to understand the impact of social change in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia- in the form of new policies supporting women and health technological advancements—in the field of BMI and its women informaticians.

Materials and Methods
We conducted semistructured telephone interviews with 7 women managers in the field of BMI, identified through LinkedIn. We analyzed interview transcripts to generate themes about their lived experiences, how they perceived health information technology tools, identified challenges that may hinder the advancement of the field, and explored the future of BMI from their perspectives. During our analysis, we utilized a feminist theoretical approach.

Results
Women managers in the field of BMI shared similar experiences and perspectives. Our analysis generated 10 themes: (1) career beginning, (2) opportunities given, (3) career achievements, (4) gender-based experiences, (5) meaning of BMI, (6) meaning of health information technology tools, (7) challenges, (8) overcoming challenges, (9) future and hopes, and (10) meaning of “2030 Saudi vision.” Early in their careers, participants experienced limited opportunities and misperceptions in understanding what the field of informatics represents. Participants did not feel that gender was an issue, despite what feminist theory would have predicted.

Conclusions
Recognizing the lived experiences of women in the field of BMI contributes to our collective understanding of how these experiences may enhance our knowledge of the field.
Analysis of GPI-anchored proteins involved in germline stem cell proliferation in theCaenorhabditis elegansgermline stem cell niche
Authors: Rikitake Marika , Matsuda Ayako , Murata Daisuke , Dejima Katsufumi , Nomura Kazuko H , Abbott Karen L , Mitani Shohei , Nomura Kazuya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStem cells divide and undergo self-renewal depending on the signals received from the stem cell niche. This phenomenon is indispensable to maintain tissues and organs in individuals. However, not all the molecular factors and mechanisms of self-renewal are known. In our previous study, we reported that glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) synthesized in the distal tip cells (DTCs; the stem cell niche) are essential for germline stem cell proliferation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we characterized the GPI-APs required for proliferation. We selected and verified the candidate GPI-APs synthesized in DTCs by RNA interference screening and found that F57F4.3 (GFI-1), F57F4.4 and F54E2.1 are necessary for germline proliferation. These proteins are likely involved in the same pathway for proliferation and activated by the transcription factor PQM-1. We further provided evidence suggesting that these GPI-APs act through fatty acid remodelling of the GPI anchor, which is essential for association with lipid rafts. These findings demonstrated that GPI-APs, particularly F57F4.3/4 and F54E2.1, synthesized in the germline stem cell niche are located in lipid rafts and involved in promoting germline stem cell proliferation in C. elegans. The findings may thus shed light on the mechanisms by which GPI-APs regulate stem cell self-renewal.
Risk Factors for Developing Hidradenitis Suppurativa in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Case–Control Study
Authors: Tandon Parul , Govardhanam Vivek , Gallinger Zane , Weizman Adam V 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), though risk factors remain to be determined.

Aim
To characterize HS among a cohort of IBD patients and identify risk factors for its development.

Methods
This was a retrospective case–control study at the ambulatory IBD centre at Mount Sinai Hospital from inception to May 2019. Patients with IBD who developed HS were included. Cases were matched 5:1 by age, gender (male versus female) and IBD type (ulcerative colitis [UC] or Crohn’s disease [CD]) to controls who had IBD without HS. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results
Twenty-nine cases of HS (19 CD and 10 UC) and 145 controls were included. Of the 29 patients with HS, 11 (37.9%) were male and 18 (62.1%) were female. The severity of HS was mild in 10 (34.5%), moderate in 16 (55.2%) and severe in 3 (10.3%) patients. Patients with HS and IBD were more likely to be active (OR 10.3, 95% CI 2.0 to 54.0, P = 0.006) or past (OR 8.4, 95% CI 2.7 to 25.8, P &lt; 0.005) smokers. Patients with HS and IBD were also more likely to have active endoscopic disease (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 12.2, P = 0.022). Furthermore, those with HS and CD were more likely to have active perianal disease (OR 21.1, 95% CI 6.2 to 71.9, P &lt; 0.005).

Conclusions
Active IBD, perianal disease and smoking may be associated with HS in IBD. Larger studies are needed to better characterize this morbid condition.
Local-Linear Estimation of Time-Varying-Parameter GARCH Models and Associated Risk Measures
Authors: Inoue Atsushi , Jin Lu , Pelletier Denis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we propose a nonparametric approach to estimating generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (1,1) models with time-varying parameters. We model the time-varying parameters as a smooth function of time and estimate them using a local linear estimator. We show that our estimator is consistent and is asymptotically normal and that the proposed estimator outperforms a rolling window estimator in Monte Carlo simulation experiments. We present strong evidence of parameter instabilities using daily returns of stock indices and explore implications to risk management measures, such as value-at-risk and expected shortfall, through backtesting.
Simplified 3D GCM modelling of the irradiated brown dwarf WD 0137−349B
Authors: Lee Elspeth , Casewell Sarah L , Chubb Katy L , Hammond Mark , Tan Xianyu , Tsai Shang-Min , Pierrehumbert Raymond T 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
White dwarf–brown dwarf short-period binaries (Porb ≲ 2 h) are some of the most extreme irradiated atmospheric environments known. These systems offer an opportunity to explore theoretical and modelling efforts of irradiated atmospheres different to typical hot Jupiter systems. We aim to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) atmospheric structural and dynamical properties of the brown dwarf WD 0137−349B. We use the 3D global circulation model (GCM) Exo-Flexible Modelling System (FMS) with a dual-band grey radiative transfer scheme to model the atmosphere of WD 0137−349B. The results of the GCM model are post-processed using the 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer model cmcrt. Our results suggest inefficient day–night energy transport and a large day–night temperature contrast for WD 0137−349B. Multiple flow patterns are present, shifting energy asymmetrically eastward or westward depending on their zonal direction and latitude. Regions of overturning are produced on the western terminator. We are able to reproduce the start of the system near-infrared (IR) emission excess at ≳1.95 μm as observed by the Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph (GNIRS) instrument. Our model overpredicts the IR phase curve fluxes by factors of ≈1–3, but generally fits the shape of the phase curves well. Chemical kinetic modelling using vulcan suggests a highly ionized region at high altitudes can form on the dayside of the brown dwarf. We present a first attempt at simulating the atmosphere of a short-period white dwarf–brown dwarf binary in a 3D setting. Further studies into the radiative and photochemical heating from the ultraviolet irradiation are required to more accurately capture the energy balance inside the brown dwarf atmosphere. Cloud formation may also play an important role in shaping the emission spectra of the brown dwarf.
CASC3 promotes transcriptome-wide activation of nonsense-mediated decay by the exon junction complex
Authors: Gerbracht Jennifer V , Boehm Volker , Britto-Borges Thiago , Kallabis Sebastian , Wiederstein Janica L , Ciriello Simona , Aschemeier Dominik U , Krüger Marcus , Frese Christian K , Altmüller Janine , Dieterich Christoph , Gehring Niels H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The exon junction complex (EJC) is an essential constituent and regulator of spliced messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) in metazoans. As a core component of the EJC, CASC3 was described to be pivotal for EJC-dependent nuclear and cytoplasmic processes. However, recent evidence suggests that CASC3 functions differently from other EJC core proteins. Here, we have established human CASC3 knockout cell lines to elucidate the cellular role of CASC3. In the knockout cells, overall EJC composition and EJC-dependent splicing are unchanged. A transcriptome-wide analysis reveals that hundreds of mRNA isoforms targeted by nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are upregulated. Mechanistically, recruiting CASC3 to reporter mRNAs by direct tethering or via binding to the EJC stimulates mRNA decay and endonucleolytic cleavage at the termination codon. Building on existing EJC-NMD models, we propose that CASC3 equips the EJC with the persisting ability to communicate with the NMD machinery in the cytoplasm. Collectively, our results characterize CASC3 as a peripheral EJC protein that tailors the transcriptome by promoting the degradation of EJC-dependent NMD substrates.
Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility and Utilization Among Transgender Patients: An Analysis of the 2017–2018 United States Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey
Authors: Stowell Justin T , Parikh Yasha , Tilson Kimberly , Narayan Anand K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) persons disproportionately face many health disparities including a higher risk of lung cancer. Lung cancer screening (LCS) using low-dose chest computed tomography has reduced lung cancer mortality in eligible high-risk smokers across several large trials, yet utilization of LCS remains low. TGD persons may be less likely to receive recommended cancer screening compared with cisgender populations. We sought to compare eligibility for and utilization of LCS between TGD and cisgender persons in the United States. We also examined if the utilization of LCS varied by smoking status within each gender identity group.

Methods
We analyzed data from the 2017 and 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) cross-sectional survey to determine eligibility and utilization of LCS among TGD participants compared with cisgender persons. Logistical regression analysis of potentially confounding variables included age category, race/ethnicity, income, employment status, health insurance, and having a personal doctor.

Results
Of 37 023 weighted respondents, 0.5% were TGD. Although eligibility for LCS was statistically similar (8.8% TGD vs. 12.2% cisgender) (adjusted odds ratio = 0.81, 95% confidence interval = 0.27–2.39, p = .703), only 2.3% of TGD participants reported obtaining a LCS chest computed tomography versus 17.2% of cisgender participants (adjusted odds ratio = 0.04, 95% confidence interval = 0.01–0.59, p = .019). Smoking status showed no association with LCS utilization among gender identity groups.

Conclusions
TGD persons may be less likely to receive LCS despite having similar smoking status and eligibility of cisgender persons, suggesting a disparity in utilization of this preventative health service.

Implications
Targeted efforts to increase LCS utilization and promote smoking cessation for at-risk TGD patients may be warranted.
Baby steps: the gender division of childcare during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sevilla Almudena , Smith Sarah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The nature and scale of the shocks to the demand for, and the supply of, home childcare during the COVID-19 pandemic provide a unique opportunity to increase our understanding of the division of home labour and the determinants of specialization within the household. We collected real-time data on daily lives to document the impact of measures to control COVID-19 on UK families with children under the age of 12. We document that these families have been doing the equivalent of a working week in childcare, with mothers bearing most of the burden. The additional hours of childcare done by women are less sensitive to their employment than they are for men, leaving many women juggling work and (a lot more) childcare, with likely adverse effects on their mental health and future careers. However, some households, those in which men have not been working, have taken greater steps towards an equal allocation, offering the prospect of sharing the burden of childcare more equally in the future.
CsSWEET1a and CsSWEET17 Mediate Growth and Freezing Tolerance by Promoting Sugar Transport across the Plasma Membrane
Authors: Yao Lina , Ding Changqing , Hao Xinyuan , Zeng Jianming , Yang Yajun , Wang Xinchao , Wang Lu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are important in plant biological processes. Expression levels of CsSWEET1a and CsSWEET17 are induced by cold acclimation (CA) and cold stress in Camellia sinensis. Here, we found that CsSWEET17 was alternatively spliced, and its exclusion (Ex) transcript was associated with the CA process. Both plasma membrane-localized CsSWEET1a and CsSWEET17 transport hexoses, but cytoplasm-localized CsSWEET17-Ex does not. These results indicate that alternative splicing may be involved in regulating the function of SWEET transporters in response to low temperature in plants. The extra C-terminal of CsSWEET17, which is not found in the tonoplast fructose transporter AtSWEET17, did not affect its plasma membrane localization but promoted its sugar transport activities. The overexpression (OE) of CsSWEET1a and CsSWEET17 genes resulted in an increased sugar uptake in Arabidopsis, affecting plant germination and growth. The leaf and seed sizes of the CsSWEET17-OE lines were significantly larger than those of the wild type. Moreover, the OE of CsSWEET1a and CsSWEET17 significantly reduced the relative electrolyte leakage levels under freezing stress. Compared with the wild type, the expression of AtCWINV genes was suppressed in both CsSWEET1a-OE and CsSWEET17-OE lines, indicating the alteration in sugar contents in the cell walls of the OE lines. Furthermore, the interaction between CsSWEET1a and CsSWEET17 was confirmed using yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. We showed that CsSWEET1a and CsSWEET17 form homo-/heterodimers in the plasma membrane and mediate the partitioning of sugars between the cytoplasm and the apoplast, thereby regulating plant growth and freezing tolerance.
Rational Groupthink
Authors: Harel Matan , Mossel Elchanan , Strack Philipp , Tamuz Omer 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study how long-lived rational agents learn from repeatedly observing a private signal and each others’ actions. With normal signals, a group of any size learns more slowly than just four agents who directly observe each others’ private signals in each period. Similar results apply to general signal structures. We identify rational groupthink—in which agents ignore their private signals and choose the same action for long periods of time—as the cause of this failure of information aggregation.
Resiliency of Environmental and Social Stocks: An Analysis of the Exogenous COVID-19 Market Crash
Authors: Albuquerque Rui , Koskinen Yrjo , Yang Shuai , Zhang Chendi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown brought about an exogenous and unparalleled stock market crash. The crisis thus provides a unique opportunity to test theories of environmental and social (ES) policies. This paper shows that stocks with higher ES ratings have significantly higher returns, lower return volatility, and higher operating profit margins during the first quarter of 2020. ES firms with higher advertising expenditures experience higher stock returns, and stocks held by more ES-oriented investors experience less return volatility during the crash. This paper highlights the importance of customer and investor loyalty to the resiliency of ES stocks. (JEL G12, G32, M14)Received: June 3, 2020; editorial decision June 24, 2020 by Editor Andrew Ellul.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Measuring Corporate Culture Using Machine Learning
Authors: Li Kai , Mai Feng , Shen Rui , Yan Xinyan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We create a culture dictionary using one of the latest machine learning techniques—the word embedding model—and 209,480 earnings call transcripts. We score the five corporate cultural values of innovation, integrity, quality, respect, and teamwork for 62,664 firm-year observations over the period 2001–2018. We show that an innovative culture is broader than the usual measures of corporate innovation – R&D expenses and the number of patents. Moreover, we show that corporate culture correlates with business outcomes, including operational efficiency, risk-taking, earnings management, executive compensation design, firm value, and deal making, and that the culture-performance link is more pronounced in bad times. Finally, we present suggestive evidence that corporate culture is shaped by major corporate events, such as mergers and acquisitions.
Long-term efficacy of adding intravenous immunoglobulins as treatment of refractory dysphagia related to myositis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Giannini Margherita , Fiorella Maria Luisa , Tampoia Marilina , Girolamo Francesco , Fornaro Marco , Amati Angela , Lia Anna , Abbracciavento Letizia , D’Abbicco Dario , Iannone Florenzo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Dysphagia is a life-threating manifestation of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). However, we lack a univocal protocol for its treatment. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of a step-up strategy by adding a 1-day pulse of IVIGs to immunosuppressants in IIM patients with refractory dysphagia diagnosed by Eating Assessment Tool (EAT)-10 and fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES).

Methods
Dysphagia was defined as a pharyngo-oesophageal disturbance associated with EAT-10 score ≥3 and at least one FEES abnormality among propulsion failure, solid or liquid stasis. Eighteen out of 154 IIM patients had FEES-confirmed dysphagia and underwent 1 day IVIG 2 g/kg repeated 1 month apart for 3 months, because of dysphagia refractory to high-dose glucocorticoids with methotrexate and/or azathioprine. Clinical characteristics along with myositis-specific antibodies and muscle histopathological findings were studied in FEES-dysphagia IIM and IIM control patients.

Results
After three monthly doses of IVIG, EAT-10 score dropped with complete recover of defective propulsion and progressive decrease in percentage of both solid and liquid stasis. At 52-weeks’ follow-up, reached in 12 patients, all these parameters were stable or further improved. An improvement in manual muscle strength test and a steroid-sparing effect of IVIG were also observed. Anti-PM/Scl 75/100 antibodies were much more frequent in the FEES-dysphagia group, while anti-Jo1 antibody was rarely detected.

Conclusion
Our treatment schedule with 2 g/kg IVIG was effective for IIM-associated refractory dysphagia assessed by the combination of EAT-10 and FEES. These findings need to be prospectively tested in a larger cohort of IIM patients.
Association of previous treatment with anti-tumour necrosis factor inhibitors with the effectiveness of secukinumab in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Yantao , Li Yuting , Dong Mengyuan , Gao Zi’ang , Chen Xiang , Liu Hong , Shen Minxue 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We sought to systematically investigate the effectiveness of secukinumab in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients who previously received TNFs inhibitor (TNFi) treatment and those who were TNFi naïve.

Methods
Databases (PubMed, EMBase and Cochrane library) and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to 22 May 2020 for randomized control trails and observational studies of secukinumab, with or without a history of previous anti-TNFi treatment, in PsA. Effectiveness data were extracted and combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. The ACR20 and ACR50 (20% and 50% improvement in American College of Rheumatology response criteria) responses were the endpoints.

Results
Six randomized controlled trials that reported the effectiveness of secukinumab by previous anti-TNFi treatment were included. Among patients exposed to a prior anti-TNFi treatment (n = 738), 33.7% (249/738) of patients achieved an ACR20 response. In contrast, in the anti-TNFi-naïve group (n = 1754), 49.8% (873/1754) of patients achieved an ACR20 response. Prior treatment with anti-TNFi was significantly associated with a poorer response to secukinumab compared with the anti-TNFi-naïve group with an effect size of 2.09 (95% CI: 1.69, 2.58).

Conclusion
Some patients benefit from switching from TNFi to secukinumab, but previous anti-TNFi treatment is associated with poorer effectiveness of secukinumab.
Familial Mediterranean fever: the molecular pathways from stress exposure to attacks
Authors: Korkmaz Cengiz , Cansu Döndü U , Cansu Güven Barış 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFMF is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent attacks and increased IL-1 synthesis owing to activation of the pyrin inflammasome. Although knowledge of the mechanisms leading to the activation of pyrin inflammasome is increasing, it is still unknown why the disease is characterized by attack. The emergence of FMF attacks after emotional stress and the induction of attacks with metaraminol in previous decades suggested that stress-induced sympathoadrenal system activation might play a role in inflammasome activation and triggering attacks. In this review, we will review the possible molecular mechanism of stress mediators on the inflammation pathway and inflammasome activation. Studies on stress mediators and their impact on inflammation pathways will provide a better understanding of stress-related exacerbation mechanisms in both autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review provides a new perspective on this subject and will contribute to new studies.
What Constrains Liquidity Provision? Evidence from Institutional Trades*
Authors: Çötelioğlu Efe , Franzoni Francesco , Plazzi Alberto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The article studies liquidity provision by institutional investors using trade-level data. We find that hedge fund trades are a more important predictor of stock-level liquidity than mutual fund trades. However, hedge funds’ liquidity provision is more exposed to financial conditions than that of mutual funds. Hedge funds that are more constrained in terms of leverage, age, asset illiquidity, and past performance exhibit a stronger shift toward liquidity consumption when funding condition tighten. Stocks with more exposure to constrained liquidity providing hedge funds suffered more during the financial crisis.