bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a community-based mental health care programme (GBV) for people with severe mental illness in Germany: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mueller-Stierlin Annabel Sandra , Meixner Friedrich , Kohlmann Anne , Schumacher Mara , Hänsel Anke , Pouwels Melanie , Bias Nicole , Hartl Sabrina , Reichstein Jessica , Prestin Elke , Greve Nils , Becker Thomas , Kilian Reinhold 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The community-based mental health care programme GBV is based on the British Community Mental Health Teams and the Dutch Flexible Assertive Community Treatment model. In addition, the programme offers crisis-intervention services. A special feature of this integrated care programme is the initial standardised assessment process regarding empowerment, unmet care needs, and psychosocial functioning, used to verify the need for such a comprehensive form of care. The project evaluates the assessment process and analyses the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of GBV compared to treatment as usual.

Methods
This randomised, controlled study includes five assessments over 2 years. In twelve regions in Germany, 1000 patients with severely impaired psychosocial functioning and unmet care needs will be recruited. Study eligibility relies on an indication for GBV based on the results of the initial assessment. The primary outcome is improved self-reported empowerment. Further outcomes include improved treatment satisfaction and subjective quality of life, reductions in patients’ unmet needs and illness-related clinical and social impairment, and an improved cost-effectiveness ratio of the resources used (from the perspectives of both statutory health insurance and the national economy). In addition, the GBV’s effects on the burden and quality of life of informal caregivers of patients will be investigated.

Discussion
The study’s results are expected to provide information on whether the community-based mental health care programme GBV contributes to improving mental health care provision in Germany. In addition, the study will show whether the GBV successfully overcomes the weaknesses that former research has identified regarding a German integrated care programme. Such improvement is particularly expected with respect to the semi-structured assessment within GBV.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trial Register, DRKS00019086. Registered on 3 January 2020.
Multiple approaches for massively parallel sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes directly from clinical samples
Authors: Xiao Minfeng , Liu Xiaoqing , Ji Jingkai , Li Min , Li Jiandong , Yang Lin , Sun Wanying , Ren Peidi , Yang Guifang , Zhao Jincun , Liang Tianzhu , Ren Huahui , Chen Tian , Zhong Huanzi , Song Wenchen , Wang Yanqun , Deng Ziqing , Zhao Yanping , Ou Zhihua , Wang Daxi , Cai Jielun , Cheng Xinyi , Feng Taiqing , Wu Honglong , Gong Yanping , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Xu Xun , Zhu Shida , Chen Fang , Zhang Yanyan , Chen Weijun , Li Yimin , Li Junhua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) has caused a major epidemic worldwide; however, much is yet to be known about the epidemiology and evolution of the virus partly due to the scarcity of full-length SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) genomes reported. One reason is that the challenges underneath sequencing SARS-CoV-2 directly from clinical samples have not been completely tackled, i.e., sequencing samples with low viral load often results in insufficient viral reads for analyses.

Methods
We applied a novel multiplex PCR amplicon (amplicon)-based and hybrid capture (capture)-based sequencing, as well as ultra-high-throughput metatranscriptomic (meta) sequencing in retrieving complete genomes, inter-individual and intra-individual variations of SARS-CoV-2 from serials dilutions of a cultured isolate, and eight clinical samples covering a range of sample types and viral loads. We also examined and compared the sensitivity, accuracy, and other characteristics of these approaches in a comprehensive manner.

Results
We demonstrated that both amplicon and capture methods efficiently enriched SARS-CoV-2 content from clinical samples, while the enrichment efficiency of amplicon outran that of capture in more challenging samples. We found that capture was not as accurate as meta and amplicon in identifying between-sample variations, whereas amplicon method was not as accurate as the other two in investigating within-sample variations, suggesting amplicon sequencing was not suitable for studying virus-host interactions and viral transmission that heavily rely on intra-host dynamics. We illustrated that meta uncovered rich genetic information in the clinical samples besides SARS-CoV-2, providing references for clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. Taken all factors above and cost-effectiveness into consideration, we proposed guidance for how to choose sequencing strategy for SARS-CoV-2 under different situations.

Conclusions
This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first work systematically investigating inter- and intra-individual variations of SARS-CoV-2 using amplicon- and capture-based whole-genome sequencing, as well as the first comparative study among multiple approaches. Our work offers practical solutions for genome sequencing and analyses of SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging viruses.
Fecal microbiota transplantation in gastrointestinal disorders: time for precision medicine
Authors: Benech Nicolas , Sokol Harry 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has demonstrated efficacy in treating inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome in an increasing number of randomized controlled trials. Recently published data gives striking insights into the factors associated with FMT success paving the road for the use of precision medicine in gastrointestinal disorders.
Community memory screening as a strategy for recruiting older adults into Alzheimer’s disease research
Authors: Peavy Guerry M. , Jenkins Cecily W. , Little Emily A. , Gigliotti Christina , Calcetas Amanda , Edland Steven D. , Brewer James B. , Galasko Douglas , Salmon David P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Growing awareness of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has prompted a demand for quick and effective ways to screen for memory loss and cognitive decline in large numbers of individuals in the community. Periodic Memory Screening Day events provide free, brief cognitive screening aimed at those 65 years and older, and can serve as an opportunity to gauge participants’ attitudes towards AD research and recruit them into ongoing research projects.

Methods
Over 6 single-day events in 2 years, more than 574 individuals were individually screened using the MoCA and a story recall task (immediate and delayed), given feedback about their performance, and introduced to AD research and opportunities to participate.

Results
Screening classified 297 individuals (52.0%) as having “No Decline,” 192 (33.6%) as “Possible decline,” and 82 (14.4%) as “Likely decline.” Those with “Likely decline” were older and less educated, had more memory concerns, were more likely to be men, and were less likely to have a positive family history of dementia than those with “No Decline.” Subsequent validation of screening procedures against a full clinical evaluation showed 72% classification accuracy with a skew towards over-calling Possible and Likely decline and thereby guiding questionable individuals to a more thorough evaluation. Of those screened, 378 (66%) agreed to additional research and consented to being listed in a research registry, and a majority (70–85%) of those consenting reported they were amenable to various AD research procedures including lumbar puncture, MRI, and autopsy. Overall, 19.1% of those screened met inclusion criteria for ongoing studies and were successfully recruited into AD research.

Conclusions
Conducting a few concentrated community memory screening events each year may help meet the public’s demand for brief assessment of memory concerns and can be a relatively effective and efficient recruitment strategy for AD research.
Endometriosis of the Bartholin gland: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Heijink Tetske , Bogers Hein , Steensma Anneke 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
In this case report we present a case of endometriosis in the Bartholin gland without surgery in the perineal area. So far, only five cases concerning endometriosis in the Bartholin gland, which may or may not be an isolated finding, have been reported in the literature.

Case presentation
A 31-year-old Indo-surinamese woman with primary infertility presented at our out-patient clinic with cyclical vulvar pain. On gynecological examination, a cyst of 1 × 2 cm was found in the right gland of Bartholin. A transvaginal ultrasound revealed normal gynecological anatomy and did not reveal any contributing information. Due to the recurring pain of the cyst, surgery was scheduled.
During surgery, the marsupialization of the cyst resulted in drainage of a chocolate-colored fluid. Pathological examination revealed stroma lined with non-typical columnar epithelium with hemosiderin pigments, which confirmed a diagnosis of endometriosis in the Bartholin gland.

Conclusion
Our findings revealed a case of endometriosis outside the pelvis, without any deep intraperitoneal involvement. So far, only five cases concerning endometriosis in the Bartholin gland, which may or may not be an isolated finding, have been reported in literature.
Stochastic Hopf–Hopf bifurcation of two-species discrete coupling logistic system with symbiotic interaction
Authors: Yang Maosong , Ma Shaojuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, stochastic Hopf–Hopf bifurcation of the discrete coupling logistic system with symbiotic interaction is investigated. Firstly, orthogonal polynomial approximation of discrete random function in the Hilbert spaces is applied to reduce the discrete coupling logistic system with random parameter to the deterministic equivalent system. Then, it is concluded that Hopf–Hopf bifurcation exists in the equivalent deterministic system according to the principle of algebraic criteria. Numerical simulations show that the bifurcation critical value varies with the intensity of random parameter, and Hopf–Hopf bifurcation and period-doubling bifurcation behavior exist. In particular, Hopf–Hopf bifurcation can be drift with the change of random intensity, and frequency locking phenomenon occurs in the stochastic system.
Studying gas exceptions in blockchain-based cloud applications
Authors: Liu Chao , Gao Jianbo , Li Yue , Wang Huihui , Chen Zhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBlockchain-based cloud application (BCP) is an emerging cloud application architecture. By moving trust-critical functions onto blockchain, BCP offers unprecedented function transparency and data integrity. Ethereum is by far the most popular blockchain platform chosen for BCP. In Ethereum, special programs named smart contracts are often used to implement key components for BCP. By design, users can send transactions to smart contracts, which will automatically lead to code execution and state modification. However, unlike regular programs, smart contracts are restricted in execution by gas limit, i.e., a form of runtime resource. If a transaction uses up all available gas, an out of gas exception () will trigger, reverting state until right before that transaction.In this work, we study the out of gas exceptions (or gas exceptions in short) on Ethereum empirically for the very first time. In particular, we collect exception transactions using an instrumented Ethereum client. By investigation, we found gas exceptions stand out in terms of both occurrences and losses. Moreover, we focused on individual contracts and transactions, aiming at discovering and identifying common causing factors triggering these exceptions. At last, we also investigate existing tools in preventing gas exceptions. Our results suggest further research and study in this direction.
Variations in soil properties and native woody plant species abundance under Prosopis juliflora invasion in Afar grazing lands, Ethiopia
Authors: Eshete Abeje , Treydte Anna C. , Hailemariam Mengsteab , Solomon Negasi , Dejene Tatek , Yilma Zewdu , Birhane Emiru 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionPastoralism and agro-pastoralism are the major modes of life in arid and semi-arid rangelands. However, rangeland quality and quantity are rapidly deteriorating due to a number of natural and human-induced factors, one of which is bush encroachment. Little is known on how bush encroachment affects the ecosystem functions and services expressed in terms of the native vegetation composition and structure, status of the soil seed bank, soil chemical and physical properties, and the abundance of mycorrhiza spores.MethodsWe assessed woody species in 64 plots distributed across four levels ofProsopis juliflorainvasion (high, medium, low, and none) at two sites, Amibara and Gewane, in the Afar Region, Ethiopia. We collected composite soil samples to investigate the soil seed bank, mycorrhizal associations, and spore abundance.ResultsPlant biodiversity was generally low, with eight and four woody species in Gewane and Amibara, respectively.Prosopis juliflorawas dominant in highly, moderately, and lowly invaded areas while Acacia senegal dominated the non-invaded areas. The average number ofP. julifloraindividuals ranged from 3/ha at non-invaded areas in Gewane to 4200/ha at highly invaded areas in Amibara while the total individual number of native woody species ranged from 0 to 88/ha at highly and lowly invaded areas, respectively. The population structure of trees/shrubs in all invasion areas showed an inverted J-shaped distribution, characterized by a high abundance of small individuals.Prosopis juliflorainvasion was associated with high soil OC, Na, Ca, P, bulk density, and moisture content. Herbaceous seed numbers and species richness were highest in the moderately and highly invaded areas. All sampled tree species were associated with mycorrhiza but the percentage of root length colonization by different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus structures varied significantly (p< 0.05) across invasion categories and sites.ConclusionsOur results revealed that althoughP. juliflorainvasion negatively impacted the availability of native woody livestock forage species, it had a positive effect on most soil physical and chemical properties. Such variable effects call out for sustainable management practices when invaded areas are restored.
The association of a reduced susceptibility to moxifloxacin in causative Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile strain with the clinical outcome of patients
Authors: Krutova Marcela , Capek Vaclav , Nycova Elka , Vojackova Sabina , Balejova Magda , Geigerova Lenka , Tejkalova Renata , Havlinova Lenka , Vagnerova Iva , Cermak Pavel , Ryskova Lenka , Jezek Petr , Zamazalova Dana , Vesela Denisa , Kucharova Alice , Nemcova Dana , Curdova Martina , Nyc Otakar , Drevinek Pavel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the relationship between Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile strain characteristics and C. difficile infection (CDI) outcome.

Methods
Between October and December 2017, 16 hospitals collected epidemiological data according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) surveillance protocol for CDI. C. difficile isolates were characterized by ribotyping, toxin genes detection and antibiotic susceptibility testing to metronidazole, vancomycin and moxifloxacin.

Results
The overall mean CDI incidence density was 4.5 [95% CI 3.6–5.3] cases per 10,000 patient-days. From the 433 CDI cases, 330 (76.2%) were healthcare-associated, 52 (12.0%) cases were community-associated or of unknown origin and 51 (11.8%) CDI cases recurrent; a complicated course of CDI was reported in 65 cases (15.0%). Eighty-eight (20.3%) of patients died and 59 of them within 30 days after the CDI diagnosis.
From the 379 C. difficile isolates, the most prevalent PCR ribotypes were 001 (n = 127, 33.5%) and 176 (n = 44, 11.6%). A total of 186 (49.1%) isolates showed a reduced susceptibility to moxifloxacin (> 4 mg/L) and 96.4% of them had Thr82Ile in the GyrA. Nineteen isolates revealed reduced susceptibility to metronidazole and two isolates to vancomycin (> 2 mg/L).
A fatal outcome was associated with a reduced susceptibility to moxifloxacin, the advanced age of the patients and a complicated course of CDI (p<0.05). No association between ribotype, binary toxin and a reduced susceptibility to moxifloxacin and complicated course or recurrent CDI was found.

Conclusions
A reduced susceptibility to moxifloxacin, in causative C. difficile strains was associated with fatal outcome of the patients, therefore it is an important marker in surveillance of CDI.
A portable standalone wireless electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system for assessing dynamic behavior of mammalian cells
Authors: Kasiviswanathan Uvanesh , Poddar Suruchi , Kumar Chandan , Jit Satyabrata , Mahto Sanjeev Kumar , Sharma Neeraj 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, we have developed a wireless, portable, standalone, and simple electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system to analyze in-depth functional aspects of cellular functions on the surface of a co-planar metal electrode coated on conventional glass substrate using a low-cost circuitry and correlated it with an equivalent electrical circuit (EEC) model. Low-cost circuitry was used for studying the dynamic behavior of the mouse myoblast cells (C2C12) in a culture chamber. Further, the developed ECIS system was connected with 8-bit Arduino UNO microcontroller board for establishing a compact sized measuring unit, which can be placed inside a CO2incubator to provide proper environmental condition for the biological cells during the entire measuring time. Integrating ZigBee RF module with the 8-bit Arduino UNO microcontroller board provides a wireless communication network. Theoretical calculation of the lumped-elemental electrical parameters associated with cell-electrolyte interface and metal-electrolyte interface was calculated. The calculation was performed by fitting the experimental impedance data to EEC model using least mean square method to determine the dynamic and vital functions of the mammalian cells such as proliferation (in real-time) with a change in intrinsic electrical parameters associated at any particular time point. Impedance measurements and the lumped-elemental electrical parameter were correlated with the respective microscopic images. The developed ECIS system was found to enable measuring of the extent of cellular proliferation over time. The compactness of the developed ECIS system integrated with the ZigBee RF module and the 8-bit Arduino UNO microcontroller board facilitates its utilization even when placed in the CO2incubator for a prolonged time.
Use of glucocorticoids in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Zayed Yazan , Barbarawi Mahmoud , Ismail Esraa , Samji Varun , Kerbage Josiane , Rizk Fatima , Salih Mohammad , Bala Areeg , Obeid Michele , Deliwala Smit , Demian Sherry , Al-Sanouri Ibrahim , Reddy Raju 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and disabling disease with high rates of mortality and morbidity. The role of steroids in treating ARDS remains controversial. We aim to examine the evidence behind using glucocorticoids in the management of ARDS from the available studies.

Methods
We performed a literature review of major electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing glucocorticoids versus placebo in treating patients with ARDS. Our primary outcome was hospital mortality. Other outcomes included ICU mortality, number of ventilator-free days at day 28, incidence of nosocomial infections, and hyperglycemia. We performed a meta-analysis using a random effects model to calculate risk ratios (RR) and mean difference (MD) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). A subsequent trial sequential analysis was performed to examine the strength of evidence and to guard against statistical type I and type II errors for our results.

Results
Eight RCTs were included in the final analysis totaling of 1091 patients, with a mean age of 57 ± 16, and 56.2% were male. In our pooled analysis, use of glucocorticoids was associated with a significant reduction in hospital mortality (RR 0.79; 95% CI 0.64–0.98; P = 0.03) and ICU mortality (RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.42–0.97; P = 0.04). Furthermore, glucocorticoid use was associated with an increased number of ventilator-free days at day 28 (MD 4.06 days; 95% CI 2.66–5.45; P < 0.01). Regarding adverse events, glucocorticoids use was not associated with an increased risk for nosocomial infections (RR 0.82; 95% CI 0.68–1.00; P = 0.05); however, it was associated with an increased risk of hyperglycemia (RR 1.11; 95% CI 1.01–1.24; P = 0.04). In our trial sequential analysis, the required diversity-adjusted information size (sample size = 2692 patients) was not reached, and the evidence was insufficient from the available RCTs.

Conclusion
Among patients with ARDS, use of glucocorticoids is associated with a significant reduction in mortality and duration of mechanical ventilation, without increased risk of hospital-acquired infections. However, based on a trial sequential analysis, these findings may be secondary to a false-positive (type I) error. Further studies are needed for a firm conclusion with guarding against possible statistical errors.