bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding volume kinetics
Authors: Hahn Robert G. 
Published: December 2019

The distribution and elimination kinetics of the water volume in infusion fluids can be studied by volume kinetics. The approach is a modification of drug pharmacokinetics and uses repeated measurements of blood hemoglobin and urinary excretion as input variables in (usually) a two‐compartment model with expandable walls. Study results show that crystalloid fluid has a distribution phase that gives these fluids a plasma volume expansion amounting to 50%‐60% of the infused volume as long as the infusion lasts, while the fraction is reduced to 15%‐20% within 30 minutes after the infusion ends. Small volumes of crystalloid barely distribute to the interstitium, whereas rapid infusions tend to cause edema. Fluid elimination is very slow during general anesthesia due to the vasodilatation‐induced reduction of the arterial pressure, whereas elimination is less affected by hemorrhage. The half‐life is twice as long for saline than for Ringer solutions. Elimination is slower in conscious males than conscious females, and high red blood cell and thrombocyte counts retard both distribution and re‐distribution. Children have faster turnover than adults. Plasma volume expansions are similar for glucose solutions and Ringer's, but the expansion duration is shorter for glucose. Concentrated urine before and during infusion slows down the elimination of crystalloid fluid. Colloid fluids have no distribution phase, an intravascular persistence half‐life of 2‐3 hours, and—at least for hydroxyethyl starch—the ability to reduce the effect of subsequently infused crystalloids. Accelerated distribution due to degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx layer has not yet been demonstrated.
Vital pulp therapy of mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis from the perspective of pulp biology
Authors: Lin Louis M. , Ricucci Domenico , Saoud Tarek M. , Sigurdsson Asgeir , Kahler Bill 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe American Association of Endodontists (AAE) Consensus Conference Recommended Diagnostic Terminology states that mature permanent teeth clinically diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis are treated with pulpectomy and root canal filling because inflamed vital pulp is not capable of healing. Histological studies have demonstrated that clinically diagnosed irreversible pulpitis does not involve the entire pulp. A recent International Endodontic Journal Editorial suggested clinical diagnosis of pulp disease should be reassessed because of the poor correlation between clinical symptoms and pulp sensibility testing and the actual histological status of the pulp. This review identified studies in a PubMed search that provide evidence for vital pulp therapy (VPT) of mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis is predictable if correctly diagnosed and properly treated. A narrative review was undertaken to outline the correlation between the clinical symptoms/signs and pulp sensibility testing and the histological findings of the pulp. Treatment procedures for permanent teeth are outlined.
Identity as Dependent Variable: How Americans Shift Their Identities to Align with Their Politics
Authors: Egan Patrick J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPolitical science generally treats identities such as ethnicity, religion, and sexuality as “unmoved movers” in the chain of causality. I hypothesize that the growing salience of partisanship and ideology as social identities in the United States, combined with the increasing demographic distinctiveness of the nation's two political coalitions, is leading some Americans to engage in a self‐categorization and depersonalization process in which they shift their identities toward the demographic prototypes of their political groups. Analyses of a representative panel data set that tracks identities and political affiliations over a 4‐year span confirm that small but significant shares of Americans engage in identity switching regarding ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, and class that is predicted by partisanship and ideology in their pasts, bringing their identities into alignment with their politics. These findings enrich and complicate our understanding of the relationship between identity and politics and suggest caution in treating identities as unchanging phenomena.
Fast and approximate exhaustive variable selection for generalised linear models with APES
Authors: Wang Kevin YX , Tarr Garth , Yang Jean YH , Mueller Samuel 
Published: December 2019

SummaryWe present APproximated Exhaustive Search (APES), which enables fast and approximated exhaustive variable selection in Generalised Linear Models (GLMs). While exhaustive variable selection remains as the gold standard in many model selection contexts, traditional exhaustive variable selection suffers from computational feasibility issues. More precisely, there is often a high cost associated with computing maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) for all subsets of GLMs. Efficient algorithms for exhaustive searches exist for linear models, most notably the leaps‐and‐bound algorithm and, more recently, the mixed integer optimisation (MIO) algorithm. The APES method learns from observational weights in a generalised linear regression super‐model and reformulates the GLM problem as a linear regression problem. In this way, APES can approximate a true exhaustive search in the original GLM space. Where exhaustive variable selection is not computationally feasible, we propose a best‐subset search, which also closely approximates a true exhaustive search. APES is made available in both as a standaloneRpackage as well as part of the already existingmplotpackage.
Risk factors for failed induction of labor among pregnant women with Class III obesity
Authors: Kerbage Yohan , Senat Marie V. , Drumez Elodie , Subtil Damien , Vayssiere Christophe , Deruelle Philippe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionOur aim was to identify risk factors for failed induction in morbidly obese patients undergoing the induction of labor at term.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective multicenter study on a cohort of 235 patients with a body mass index greater than 40 kg/m2 and giving birth to a singleton in cephalic presentation, who had an induction of labor from 38 weeks of amenorrhea. Scheduled cesareans and spontaneous vaginal deliveries were excluded. Maternal, peri‐partum and neonatal characteristics were analyzed according to the delivery route.ResultsIn all, 235 patients were included. Of these, 62.5% patients delivered vaginally and 37.5% by cesarean section. The frequency of nulliparity was greater in patients who had a cesarean section (56 [interquartile range, IQR, 38.1] vs 56 [IQR 63.6], P < .001). In multivariate analysis, nulliparity (odds ratio [OR] 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58‐4.97], P < .001), low Bishop’s score (OR .794, 95% CI .70‐.90, P < .001) and weight gain (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01‐1.08, P = .033) were independent risk factors for failed induction. Umbilical cord pH at birth lower than 7 (0 vs 7 [IQR 8.0], P < .001) and lower than 7.20 (36 [IQR 24.5] vs 35 [IQR 39.8], P = .014) as well as the Apgar at 1 minute (14 [IQR 9.5] vs 17 [IQR 19.3], P = .032) was significantly higher in infants born by cesarean section.ConclusionsIn this cohort, 63% of women with Class III obesity had successful inductions of labor; risk factors for failed induction include nulliparity and unfavorable Bishop score.
Effectiveness of interventions on the appropriate use of opioids for noncancer pain among hospital inpatients: A systematic review
Authors: Liu Shania , Gnjidic Danijela , Nguyen Jessica , Penm Jonathan 
Published: December 2019

AimsTo summarise the effectiveness of interventions on appropriate opioid use for noncancer pain among hospital inpatients.MethodsTwo reviewers independently searched 6 databases up to March 2018 original research articles reporting on quantitative outcomes of interventions on appropriate opioid use among hospital inpatients. Appropriate opioid use was measured by changes in prescribing, such as the lowest effective opioid dose and duration, or clinical outcomes such as adequate pain control. Quality and intervention complexity assessments were performed by 2 independent reviewers. The full methodological approach was published on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42019145947).ResultsOf 398 full‐text articles assessed for eligibility, 37 articles were included in the review. Most articles had a moderate or high risk of bias (27 of 37 studies). Thirty‐one articles primarily addressed appropriate opioid use and 6 articles targeted opioid safety as a secondary outcome. A multifaceted approach was the most common primary intervention (16 studies) and adequate pain control was the main outcome measured (14 studies). Health provider education, reinforced by hard‐copy material and feedback, was associated with a 13.0 to 29.5% increase in the proportion of opioid prescriptions written in concordance with local guidelines and reduced pain scores ranging from 7.0 to 34.5%. Interventions to improve opioid safety in patient‐controlled analgesia reduced medication errors by up to 89.1%.ConclusionInterventions involving academic detailing and education, especially when reinforced by feedback, show positive effects on appropriate opioid use among hospital inpatients. Future studies investigating the impact of administrative interventions on opioid use and related outcomes are warranted.
How to address second and therapy‐related acute myelogenous leukaemia
Authors: Oliai Caspian , Schiller Gary 
Published: December 2019

SummarySecondary acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), as compared to de novo AML, occurs in the more elderly population, is independently more resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy, has a higher relapse rate, and a worse prognosis. Secondary AML (sAML) is a heterogeneous disease, both biologically and clinically, even within the World Health Organization subgroups of sAML. Outcomes are the poorest in subgroups with sAML arising from an antecedent haematologic disorder which has been previously treated (ts‐AML), and sAML in patients <55 years of age. This review describes the suboptimal outcomes of contemporary therapy, to support the notion of an unmet need for innovative treatment strategies in sAML. Despite the recent approval of CPX‐351, long‐term outcomes for this high‐risk disease remain dismal. Resistance mechanisms to intensive chemotherapy contribute to relapse. Targeted immune therapy may avoid multidrug resistance mechanisms, but are unlikely to provide long‐term remission due to a complex and rapidly evolving clonal disease profile. Advances for sAML will likely be accomplished by CAR T cell therapy or bispecific antibodies providing a bridge to allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Therefore, focus should be placed on novel strategies that can augment the untargeted effector function of allogeneic grafts.
Salvage radical prostatectomy following focal therapy: functional and oncological outcomes
Authors: Herrera‐Caceres Jaime O. , Nason Gregory J. , Salgado‐Sanmamed Noelia , Goldberg Hanan , Woon Dixon T.S. , Chandrasekar Thenappen , Ajib Khaled , Tan Guan Hee , Alhunaidi Omar , van der Kwast Theodorus , Finelli Antonio , Zlotta Alexandre R. , Hamilton Robert J. , Berlin Alejandro , Perlis Nathan , Fleshner Neil E. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo report the oncological and functional outcomes of salvage radical prostatectomy (sRP) after focal therapy (FT).Patients and MethodsA retrospective review of all patients who underwent sRP after FT was performed. Clinical and pathological outcomes focussed on surgical complications, oncological, and functional outcomes.ResultsIn all, 34 patients were identified. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 61 (8.25) years. FT modalities included high‐intensity focussed ultrasound (19 patients), laser ablation (13), focal brachytherapy (one) and cryotherapy (one). The median (IQR) time from FT to recurrence was 10.9 (17.6) months. There were no rectal or ureteric injuries. Two (5.9%) patients had iatrogenic cystotomies and four (11.8%) developed bladder neck contractures. The mean (sd) hospital stay was 2.5 (2.1) days. The T‐stage was pT2 in 14 (41.2%) patients, pT3a in 16 (47.1%), and pT3b in four (11.8%). In all, 13 (38%) patients had positive surgical margins (PSMs). Six (17.6%) patients received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). At a mean follow‐up of 4.3 years, seven (20.6%) patients developed biochemical recurrence (BCR), and of these, six (17.6%) patients required salvage RT. PSMs were associated with worse BCR‐free survival (hazard ratio 6.624, 95% confidence interval 2.243–19.563; P < 0.001). The median (IQR) preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score and International Index of Erectile Function score was 7 (4.5–9.5) and 23.5 (15.75–25) respectively, while in the final follow‐up the median (IQR) values were 7 (3.5–11) and 6 (5–12.25), respectively (P = 0.088 and P < 0.001). At last follow‐up, 31 (91.2%) patients were continent, two (5.9%) had moderate (>1 pad/day) incontinence, and one (2.9%) required an artificial urinary sphincter.ConclusionssRP should be considered as an option for patients who have persistent clinically significant prostate cancer or recurrence after FT. PSMs should be recognised as a risk for recurrent disease after sRP.
Japanese version of The Cancer Genome Atlas, JCGA, established using fresh frozen tumors obtained from 5143 cancer patients
Authors: Nagashima Takeshi , Yamaguchi Ken , Urakami Kenichi , Shimoda Yuji , Ohnami Sumiko , Ohshima Keiichi , Tanabe Tomoe , Naruoka Akane , Kamada Fukumi , Serizawa Masakuni , Hatakeyama Keiichi , Matsumura Kenya , Ohnami Shumpei , Maruyama Koji , Mochizuki Tohru , Kusuhara Masatoshi , Shiomi Akio , Ohde Yasuhisa , Terashima Masanori , Uesaka Katsuhiko , Onitsuka Tetsuro , Nishimura Seiichiro , Hirashima Yasuyuki , Hayashi Nakamasa , Kiyohara Yoshio , Tsubosa Yasuhiro , Katagiri Hirohisa , Niwakawa Masashi , Takahashi Kaoru , Kashiwagi Hiroya , Nakagawa Masahiro , Ishida Yuji , Sugino Takashi , Takahashi Mitsuru , Akiyama Yasuto 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to establish the Japanese Cancer Genome Atlas (JCGA) using data from fresh frozen tumor tissues obtained from 5143 Japanese cancer patients, including those with colorectal cancer (31.6%), lung cancer (16.5%), gastric cancer (10.8%) and other cancers (41.1%). The results are part of a single‐center study called “High‐tech Omics‐based Patient Evaluation” or “Project HOPE” conducted at the Shizuoka Cancer Center, Japan. All DNA samples and most RNA samples were analyzed using whole‐exome sequencing, cancer gene panel sequencing, fusion gene panel sequencing and microarray gene expression profiling, and the results were annotated using an analysis pipeline termed “Shizuoka Multi‐omics Analysis Protocol” developed in‐house. Somatic driver alterations were identified in 72.2% of samples in 362 genes (average, 2.3 driver events per sample). Actionable information on drugs that is applicable in the current clinical setting was associated with 11.3% of samples. When including those drugs that are used for investigative purposes, actionable information was assigned to 55.0% of samples. Germline analysis revealed pathogenic mutations in hereditary cancer genes in 9.2% of samples, among which 12.2% were confirmed as pathogenic mutations by confirmatory test. Pathogenic mutations associated with non–cancerous hereditary diseases were detected in 0.4% of samples. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) analysis revealed 5.4% of samples as having the hypermutator phenotype (TMB ≥ 20). Clonal hematopoiesis was observed in 8.4% of samples. Thus, the JCGA dataset and the analytical procedures constitute a fundamental resource for genomic medicine for Japanese cancer patients.
Dentate nNOS accounts for stress‐induced 5‐HT1A receptor deficiency: Implication in anxiety behaviors
Authors: Zhu Li‐Juan , Xu Chu , Ren Jie , Chang Lei , Zhu Xian‐Hui , Sun Nan , Meng Guo‐liang , Liu Meng‐Ying , Zhang Jing , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Tang Yu‐Lin , Zhou Qi‐Gang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety is a common disorder with high social burden worldwide. Dysfunction of serotonin‐1A receptor (5‐HT1A receptor) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus has been predominantly implicated in the anxiety behavior. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the deficiency of postsynaptic 5‐HT1A receptor in regulating anxiety behavior remains unclear.MethodsUsing pharmacological and genetic methods, we investigated the role of detate nNOS in 5‐HT1A receptor decline and anxiety behavior induced by chronic mild stress (CMS) in mice.ResultsHere we showed that local elevation of glucocorticoids in the DG accounted for chronic stress‐induced anxiety behavior. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mediated chronic stress‐induced downregulation of 5‐HT1A receptor in the DG through peroxynitrite anion (ONOO•) pathway but not cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. By using pharmacological tool drugs and nNOS knockout mice, we found that nNOS in the DG played a key role in chronic stress‐induced anxiety behavior.ConclusionsThese findings uncovered an important role of nNOS‐5‐HT1A receptor pathway in the DG of the hippocampus in chronic stress‐induced anxiety. Accordingly, we developed a “dentate nNOS‐5‐HT1A receptor closed‐loop” theory (stress‐glucocorticoids‐nNOS‐Nitric oxide‐ONOO•‐5‐HT1A receptor ‐nNOS) of stress‐related anxiety.
Identification of Potential Therapeutic Gene Markers in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Xue Kai , Cao Jinfeng , Wang Yinan , Zhao Xue , Yu Dan , Jin Chunshun , Xu Chengbi 
Published: December 2019

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common cancer found in the nasopharynx with high metastatic and invasive nature. Increasing evidences have identified the critical role of gene therapy in NPC treatment. Hence, this study was designed to identify specific gene markers that affected NPC progression through gene expression profile analysis. NPC‐related gene expression data set gene set enrichment (GSE)53819 were retrieved and analyzed to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by determination of their expression in noncancerous tissues and NPC specimens. Next, weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted on DEGs to obtain tumor‐associated gene modules. Genes in those modules were intersected with DEGs for gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional enrichment analysis. Then protein‐protein interaction network of tumor‐associated genes was constructed to select genes most closely linked to NPC. Afterward, expression of chromosome 9 open reading frame 24 (c9orf24), primary ciliary dyskinesia protein 1 (PCDP1), and leucine‐rich repeat‐containing protein 46 (LRRC46) was detected in GSE53819 and further verified in GSE12452 and GSE64634. Differential analysis on GSE53819 found that 2,173 genes were aberrantly expressed in NPC, among which 917 genes are upregulated and 1,256 genes are downregulated. WGCNA showed that genes were enriched in 17 modules and 727 genes exhibited ectopic expression in NPC and enriched in cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction, cytochrome P450, and chemical carcinogenesis signaling pathways, among which c9orf24, PCDP1, and LRRC46 were poorly expressed in NPC. Therefore, c9orf24, PCDP1, and LRRC46 might serve as prominent diagnostic markers for NPC, which presents new insights for NPC therapy.
Contingency management treatment for methamphetamine use disorder in South Africa
Authors: Okafor Chukwuemeka N. , Stein Dan J. , Dannatt Lisa , Ipser Jonathan , van Nunen Lara J. , Lake Marilyn T. , Krishnamurti Tamar , London Edythe D. , Shoptaw Steve 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsAs South Africa, especially the Western Cape Province, faces an epidemic of methamphetamine use disorder, therapeutic approaches suited to the South African context are needed. This secondary analysis assessed retention and methamphetamine abstinence outcomes in response to an 8‐week pilot contingency management (CM) intervention trial of neural correlates of methamphetamine abstinence, exploring sociodemographic and clinical differences between responders and non‐responders.Design and MethodsResearch participants provided thrice‐weekly monitored urine samples, which were analysed by qualitative radioimmunoassay. The primary outcome for this analysis was therapeutic response, defined as abstinence from methamphetamine (≥23 of 24 possible methamphetamine‐negative urine samples).ResultsData from 30 adults living in Cape Town, South Africa (34 ± 6.1 years of age, mean age ± SD, 21 men) were included. Sixty‐three percent (12 men) were responders. In bivariate comparisons, baseline measurements showed fewer responders reported monthly household income ≥25 000+ South African Rand (ZAR; ~USD $1880; vs. ZAR < 25 000) than non‐responders (15.8% vs. 63.6%;P= 0.007). Furthermore, responders had higher median years of education (12 vs. 10; Kruskal–Wallis χ2= 4.25, DF = 1,P= 0.039) and lower median body mass index than non‐responders (19 vs. 24; Kruskal–Wallis χ2= 6.84,P= 0.008).Discussion and ConclusionsTherapeutic response in this study were comparable to those obtained with CM for methamphetamine use disorder in North America and Europe. Our findings suggest that CM may be a useful component of treatment strategies to boost retention and continuous abstinence from methamphetamine in Cape Town, South Africa. Larger efficacy studies are needed in this setting.
Neural recruitment related to threat perception differs as a function of adolescent sleep
Authors: Tashjian Sarah M. , Galván Adriana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDetecting threat cues in the environment is an important aspect of social functioning. This is particularly true for adolescents as social threats become more salient and they navigate increasingly complex relationships outside of the family. Sleep relates to socioemotional processing throughout development, but the neurobiological relevance of sleep for threat perceptions in adolescence remains unknown. In the present study, 46 human adolescents (aged 14–18 years; 26 female) made judgments while undergoing a brain scan about whether unfamiliar, affectively neutral, computer‐generated faces were threatening. Prior to the scan, several indices of sleep were assessed nightly for two‐weeks using actigraphy. Sleep duration and poor sleep quality (defined as less efficiency, more awakenings, longer awakenings), factors influenced by biological and psychosocial changes during adolescence, elicited distinct neural activation patterns. Sleep duration was positively associated with activation in visual and face processing regions (occipital cortex, occipital fusiform gyrus), and this activation was linked to increased threat detection during the threat perception task. Sleep quality was negatively related to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation, which moderated the relation between reaction time (RT) and exposure to faces. Findings suggest reduced threat perception for adolescents with shorter sleep durations and more impulsive responding (as evinced by less consistent RT) for adolescents experiencing worse quality sleep. This study identifies an association between sleep and neural functioning relevant for socioemotional decision making during adolescence, a time when these systems undergo significant development.