bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Graph Convolutional Network–Based Method for Chemical-Protein Interaction Extraction: Algorithm Development
Authors: Wang Erniu , Wang Fan , Yang Zhihao , Wang Lei , Zhang Yin , Lin Hongfei , Wang Jian 
Published: March 2020

Background
Extracting the interactions between chemicals and proteins from the biomedical literature is important for many biomedical tasks such as drug discovery, medicine precision, and knowledge graph construction. Several computational methods have been proposed for automatic chemical-protein interaction (CPI) extraction. However, the majority of these proposed models cannot effectively learn semantic and syntactic information from complex sentences in biomedical texts.

Objective
To relieve this problem, we propose a method to effectively encode syntactic information from long text for CPI extraction.

Methods
Since syntactic information can be captured from dependency graphs, graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have recently drawn increasing attention in natural language processing. To investigate the performance of a GCN on CPI extraction, this paper proposes a novel GCN-based model. The model can effectively capture sequential information and long-range syntactic relations between words by using the dependency structure of input sentences.

Results
We evaluated our model on the ChemProt corpus released by BioCreative VI; it achieved an F-score of 65.17%, which is 1.07% higher than that of the state-of-the-art system proposed by Peng et al. As indicated by the significance test (P<.001), the improvement is significant. It indicates that our model is effective in extracting CPIs. The GCN-based model can better capture the semantic and syntactic information of the sentence compared to other models, therefore alleviating the problems associated with the complexity of biomedical literature.

Conclusions
Our model can obtain more information from the dependency graph than previously proposed models. Experimental results suggest that it is competitive to state-of-the-art methods and significantly outperforms other methods on the ChemProt corpus, which is the benchmark data set for CPI extraction.
Differential Health Care Use, Diabetes-Related Complications, and Mortality Among Five Unique Classes of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Singapore: A Latent Class Analysis of 71,125 Patients
Authors: Seng Jun Jie Benjamin , Kwan Yu Heng , Lee Vivian Shu Yi , Tan Chuen Seng , Zainudin Sueziani Binte , Thumboo Julian , Low Lian Leng 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVEWith rising health care costs and finite health care resources, understanding the population needs of different type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patient subgroups is important. Sparse data exist for the application of population segmentation on health care needs among Asian T2DM patients. We aimed to segment T2DM patients into distinct classes and evaluate their differential health care use, diabetes-related complications, and mortality patterns.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSLatent class analysis was conducted on a retrospective cohort of 71,125 T2DM patients. Latent class indicators included patient’s age, ethnicity, comorbidities, and duration of T2DM. Outcomes evaluated included health care use, diabetes-related complications, and 4-year all-cause mortality. The relationship between class membership and outcomes was evaluated with the appropriate regression models.RESULTSFive classes of T2DM patients were identified. The prevalence of depression was high among patients in class 3 (younger females with short-to-moderate T2DM duration and high psychiatric and neurological disease burden) and class 5 (older patients with moderate-to-long T2DM duration and high disease burden with end-organ complications). They were the highest tertiary health care users. Class 5 patients had the highest risk of myocardial infarction (hazard ratio [HR] 12.05, 95% CI 10.82–13.42]), end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis initiation (HR 25.81, 95% CI 21.75–30.63), stroke (HR 19.37, 95% CI 16.92–22.17), lower-extremity amputation (HR 12.94, 95% CI 10.90–15.36), and mortality (HR 3.47, 95% CI 3.17–3.80).CONCLUSIONST2DM patients can be segmented into classes with differential health care use and outcomes. Depression screening should be considered for the two identified classes of patients.
Richard Wright’s Bigger Thomas: Scala d’Amore, Entelechy, and Antinomian Equilibrium in Native Son
Authors: Obed Doku Dr. Samuel 
Published: March 2020

Although many critics see Richard Wright’s Native Son as an American classic novel, it is by no means a master narrative that attempts to provide a mega solution to the problems of the black man in American society. Instead, Wright uses the novel to protest against the naturalistic conditions that emasculate a young black man, Bigger Thomas, in 1930s Chicago to commit two murders, one accidentally and the other by design, for which he is sentenced to die. In his poem, “A Dream Deferred,” Langston Hughes poses a mind-bogglingly critical question: “What Happens to a Dream Deferred?” Thomas, the disturbed protagonist in Wright’s Native Son, has an ambition of becoming a pilot, but fear effaces Thomas’s dream of a better future for him and his mother and presumably, defers his dream to a future date. However, his dream turns into a nightmare, and instead of a pilot, he becomes a cold-blooded murderer. The tension between hope and fear, optimism and pessimism in Thomas is a stark antinomy that should have provided the protagonist a liminal space within which to operate toward a successful resolution of his internal conflict. In this essay, I argue that Thomas’s hope could have propelled him to the pinnacle of success on the scala d’amore to achieve entelechy, but instead, he chooses the antithetical direction, due to his dearth confidence in the system, and that turns out to be tragic.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE USE OF COATED AND UNCOATED SELF-EXPANDABLE METALLIC STENTS IN MALIGNANT COLORECTAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Duvanskiy V. A. , Vodoleev A. S. , Kriazhev D. L. , Yarotskov I. I. 
Published: March 2020

THE OBJECTIVE was to compare the efficacy and rate of complications in patients of groups with uncovered and covered colorectal stents.METHODS AND MATERIALS. The study included 102 patients who were admitted for emergency with symptoms of malignant colon obstruction, who were randomly installed covered and uncovered SEMS from December 2012 to September 2017.RESULTS. Clinical success was achieved with uncovered stents in 98 % of cases and 96 % with covered stents (relative risk (RR) 1.02). 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.954–1.092). The incidence of complications in the group of uncovered stents was 9.8 %, in the group of covered stents – 3.9 % (RR 0.938, CI 0.841–1.046); the frequency of recurrences of obstruction did not significantly different between groups. The median duration of cumulative stent patency was 181 days in the group of uncovered stents and 218 days in the group of covered stents (p=0.427), the difference was statistically insignificant.CONCLUSION. The use of double covered and double uncovered stents is equally effectively and safely for patients with malignant colorectal obstruction. The frequency of reobstructions did not exceed 4 % and did not differ in the groups of covered and uncovered stents. The choice of the type of stent should be determined individually depending on the clinical situation.
УЧАСТЬ ГРОМАДЯН ТА ДЕРЖАВИ В ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ОРГАНІВ МІСЦЕВОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ (В КОНТЕСТІ РЕФОРМИ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ)
Authors: Zakharchenko Volodymyr 
Published: March 2020

Відзначено, що в умовах демократизації суспільного життя та реалізації реформи децентралізації в Україні успішний розвиток територіальних громад має насамперед залежати від участі людей, які там проживають. Показано, що зростання громадянської активності набуватиме організованого характеру за умови створення і розгортання діяльності органів самоорганізації населення. Обгрунтовано форми та механізми участі громадян у забезпеченні ефективної діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування. Виявлено причини нестачі кваліфікованих кадрів в органах місцевого самоврядування, зокрема в сільських об’єднаних територіальних. Розглянуто можливості підвищення ефективності діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування у зв’язку з переходом до електронного урядування, удосконаленням контролю з боку громадян та упровадженням спеціальної системи державного нагляду на базі інституту префектів.
Evaluation ofserum levels of IL-10and IL-6 in patients with HCV at Diwaniyah Teaching Hospitals, Iraq
Authors: Alramahy Syoof khoman , Karim Najwan abdul 
Published: March 2020

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection constitute serious global health problems due to their high morbidity and mortality.This study evaluated the serum cytokine levels (IL-10 , IL-6) of hepatitis B, as well as the differences in such levels between patients and healthy controls.30 blood samples from patients infected with HCV and 30 blood samples from healthy individuals as a control group were collected from the unit of Viruses at Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, Women's Hospital and Educational Children in Diwaniyah Governorate, duringthe period from July 2018to February2019. In this study ELISA technique indicated that serum levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were irregular in patients with HCV , the level of IL-10 was decreased significantly in patients with HCV (24.05±115.64) compared to control group (147.62±234.71),whereas IL-6 level was increased non significantly in patients with HCV (244.96±385.11) pg/ml compared with control group (210.45±287.15) pg/ml. Conclusionfrom the current study,low level of IL-10 in patients with HCV compared to control group, high level of IL-6 in patients with HCV compared to control group.
Study the effect of positively charged natural ions on analytical figures of Merits of fluorometric analysis of Naphthalene and Anthracene in aqueous solution
Authors: F. ALfarhani Bassam , A.A. Al – Rubaie Hassan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract:
The effect of natural ions on the fluorescence signal of different PAHs has been studied. the analytical figures of merits have been measured without presence of natural ions, the values of maximum excitation and emission values were determined and the values of LOD and LOQ also measured. The Values of LOD and LOQ were in ppt levels. The second part of the work was determine the analytical figures of merits in the presence of natural ions (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium). And the values of LOD and LOQ were measured and a quenching in the fluorescence signal was spotted. Thereby, in the analysis of PAHs in drinking water that include natural ions, have to take in consideration that a higher value of LOD and LOQ will be seen.
Effect the Composition Ratio of Cobalt Oxide on the Structural and Optical Properties of Tin Oxide
Authors: K. Abass, Ahmed , A. Abd Al-Hassan Sura 
Published: March 2020

Tin oxide thin films were deposited on glass substrate at (400 ºC) by using chemical spray pyrolysis technique and its composed with cobalt oxide in different ratio. The structural, morphologic and optical properties of thin films are investigated by: (XRD) X-Ray Diffraction, (AFM) Atomic Force Microscopy, (UV-Vis )Ultraviolet – Visible Spectroscopy. XRD patterns indicate that the structure of tin oxide thin film is tetragonal. All prepared films were nano materials as stated by Scherrer equation. It might have been found by AFM analysis, those surface roughness increase with increasing of cobalt ratio. By provision about Tauc plots, optical band gaps for thin
Study the effect of different temperatures on the biofilm production in Proteus mirabilis isolated from urinary tract infection patients
Authors: A. Ghazay Ali , Mayar Hezam Abbas , M. Alkhuzaie Mohammed , Obayes Israa Salih 
Published: March 2020

15 isolates (39.4%) of Proteus mirabilis were obtained from a total of 38 patients with urinary tract infections in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. All isolates were diagnosed with phenotypic, microscopic and biochemical tests. PCR technique was also used as a confirmatory test to investigate the 16S rRNA gene (product size 239bp) in Proteus mirabilis , where the results showed the presence of the gene in all isolates .
On the other hand ,the detection of biofilm formation in Proteus mirabilis isolated from patients urinary tract infection was done using the tubes method .The results showed that 10 (75%) isolates were capable of producing the biofilm, where the value of the optical density of the formed biofilm ranged from 0.064-0.411 nm.
Then, the effect of diefferent temperatures (25,30 37,40) ℃ on the Biofilm Formation in Proteus mirabilis was studied, Where the most efficient bacteria were selected in the production of the biofilm and the test was carried out .The results showed that the bacteria were unable to form the biofilm at 25℃ either at 3040℃, the biofilm is very thin at 37℃ and 40℃, it becomes a thick biofilm.
The results of the current study showed that the temperature has a significant effect on the production of the biofilm and that the thickness of the biofilm increases with increasing temperature
Roles of Superoxide dismutase(SOD) , Malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-iso-prostaglandinF2α ( 8-iso-PGF2α)as oxidative stress in development and progression of Brest cancer in Iraqi females patients
Authors: Abbas Jabir Ferdous , Shaker Ahmed Sabah 
Published: March 2020

Oxidative stress occurs as a result of disturbance in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and antioxidant defenses. Markers of oxidative stress were measured the markers of oxidative stress in breast cancer patients after diagnosis of breast cancer and compared these plasma blood levels controls This study was conducted to three markers of oxidative stress ;these are (SOD) enzyme ,malondialdehyde (MDA)and8-iso-prostaglandinF2α plasma of patients with breast cancer and compare with controls .In this study ; the mean MDA (ng/ml) levels for the breast cancer patients and the controls were55.91±3.31 and40.61±3.76 respectively, while the SOD (pg/ml) levels were1530.37±80.4 and1851.4 9±93.65 respectively and the 8-iso-PGF2α (ng/ml ) levels were 40.16±3.31 and 30.16±2.34 difference of the mean were statistically significant (p value <0.05).
Karier Siswa: Kajian Berdasarkan Program Studi Keahlian di SMK
Authors: Tania Isna , Daharnis Daharnis , Sano Afrizal 
Published: March 2020

Di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan ada siswa yang belum mencapai perkembangan karier yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi siswa tentang program studi keahlian yang ditempati dan perencanaan karier siswa serta menguji hubungan antara persepsi siswa tentang program studi keahlian yang ditempati dengan perencanaan karier. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasional, dengan sampel 260 siswa yang dipilih dengan teknik Proportional Random Sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah skala model likert. Analisis deskriptif dilakukan dengan menentukan nilai skor dan persentase. Pengujian hipotesis penelitian menggunakan rumus korelasi Pearson Product Moment. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan: (1) persepsi siswa tentang program studi keahlian yang ditempati berada pada kategori positif, (2) perencanaan karier siswa berada pada kategori baik, (3) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara persepsi siswa tentang program studi keahlian yang ditempati dengan perencanaan karier, dengan koefisien korelasi 0,801 pada taraf signifikansi 0,000. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya peningkatan perencanaan karier siswa yang dapat dilakukan antara lain dengan mengubah persepsi siswa tentang program studi keahlian yang ditempatinya.
Problem based project on university teaching of atom spectrometric methods
Authors: Niemelä Matti , Perämäki Paavo 
Published: March 2020

Practical laboratory work is an essential part of the teaching of analytical chemistry. During the assignments, the routine of laboratory work is taught, theory from the lectures is given a concrete form, and the basic skills of using laboratory equipment are acquired. During laboratory work, it is also possible to develop student interaction and problem solving skills.
In this research, it was studied how a project work following the principles of problem based learning can be implemented during a tight-scheduled lecture course on atom spectrometric methods. The research pays particular attention on the evaluation of work burden and choosing of the project topics. In addition, the research examines the effects of project work on motivation and learning in students. According to this research, the chosen project topics and project as a working method are suitable to be implemented with a lecture course. The students found the project work to be burdensome but had positive attitudes towards the working method as a whole.
Implementing innovations in chemistry learning and sustainability education in a non-formal student laboratory context
Authors: Garner Nicole , Siol Antje , Huwer Johannes , Rolf Hempelmann Rolf Hellman , Eilks Ingo 
Published: March 2020

Informal and non-formal science education became major trends in many countries in recent years. Non-formal learning was suggested to help closing gaps in science education, e.g. by providing students an alternative environment to experience practical work. Non-formal education was also suggested to offer a chance for curriculum innovations and teacher continuous professional development. One potential field might be Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Several perspective papers in recent years described that secondary chemistry education is still lacking in implementing education for sustainability and learning about green chemistry. This article describes the project “Sustainability and chemistry in non-formal student laboratories” that was initiated to develop non-formal learning environments to help implementation of ESD and learning about green chemistry. This article presents the goals and structure of the project, including an example taken from practical experience and selected findings from implementing the proposed non-formal learning environments in secondary chemistry classrooms. Impacts on teachers’ professional development and curriculum innovation are also addressed.
Full text
Evaluation of Insecticides for the Management of Litchi Fruit and Shoot Borer
Authors: Upadhyay Sudeep Kumar , Aryal Sunil , Bhusal Bikash , Chaudhary Bedanand 
Published: March 2020

Litchi is an important subtropical evergreen fruit crop grown in Nepal, which have high nutritive value and refreshing taste. The Litchi growers are experiencing severe loss every year with the damage caused by several insect pests. Among them fruit and shoot borer Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is the one of the important insect pest. Experiments were conducted at RARS Tarahara on existing litchi orchard in RCBD design with four replication and five insecticides (Azadiractin, Chlorantraniliprole, Flubendiamide, Lambda cyhalothrin, and Dimethoate) with recommended doses in litchi orchard against C. sinensis during 2015 and 2016 AD to find out the efficient one. Among the tested insecticide chlorantraniliprole (18.5% w/w SC) and flubendiamide (39.35% m/m SC) each were found to be most efficient against C. sinensis and could be applied at the rate of 1 ml per 3 liter of water when fruit size was about pea and applied 3 times with 10 days interval. This result suggested that these two insecticides could be used for the management for C. sinensis. Farmers may reduce the losses and increase their income with the application of these insecticides
Úlcera de Mooren bilateral
Authors: DiazGranados Mesa Juan Fernando , Isaza Gómez Miriam Ibeth , Heyl Cleves Lupe Van 
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: describir el caso de un paciente con úlcera de Mooren bilateral en el Hospital de San José. Metodología: revisión y análisis de historia clínica. Resultados: paciente de 21 años sin antecedentes sistémicos, de ocupación carnicero, que consultó por ojo rojo, fotofobia y lagrimeo en ojo izquierdo y ardor en el derecho de dos días de evolución. Refería haber presentado seis episodios similares en los últimos seis meses. Al examen se encontró una úlcera corneana periférica en OD entre meridianos 9:00 y 11:00 y en el OI entre 1:00 y a:00, de forma alargada, con borde anterior serpiginoso, levantado, infiltrado y socavado, y con compromiso parcial del epitelio. Se diagnosticó úlcera de Mooren bilateral, se inició tratamiento tópico con prednisona, ciclosporina, diclofenaco, lubricantes, inhibidor de la colagenasa y lente de contacto terapéutico. Se solicitaron ezámenes paraclínicos y valoración por medicina interna, descartando enfermedad sistémica asociada. Después se solicitaron linfocitos totales, linfocitos CD2, CD4 y CD8, C3, C4, IgA total sérica, anticuerpos anticisticerco y coproscópico seriado. Conclusiones: por la rareza de esta entidad en nuestro medio y por interés académico presentamos este caso, cuyo diagnóstico fue clínico, haciendo énfasis en las características biomicroscoscópicas de esta patología.
Prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en consulta de medicina interna Hospital de San José de Bogotá DC. septiembre 2009 - marzo 2010
Authors: Villalobos Sánchez César Jerónimo , Mosquera Chacón Juan Pablo , Tovar Cortés Henry 
Published: March 2020

El síndrome metabólico es un complejo de factores de riesgo predictores de enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes. Objetivo: describir su prevalencia en pacientes de la consulta de medicina interna del Hospital de San José de Bogotá, teniendo en cuenta los criterios ATP 111, IDF 2005 e IDF-AHA/ NHLBI 2009. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de pacientes entre 30 y 70 años, excluyendo las gestantes, entre septiembre 2009 y marzo 2010. Resultados: se seleccionaron 315 pacientes, 30,5% hombres, con edad media de 52.4 (DE 9.6) años. La obesidad abdominal (81,2%) y el sedentarismo (68,2%) fueron los factores de riesgo más frecuentes. El 48,6% tenía hipertensión arterial, 45,1% cHDL bajo, 44,4% hipertrigliceridemia, 13,2% tabaquismo y 13% diabetes mellitus. La prevalencia entre hombres y mujeres fue mayor empleando los criterios diagnósticos IDF-AHA/NHLBI 2009: 56,2% (IC 95%:46.1-66.3) y 57,5% (IC 95% 51-64.1); y menor con ATP 111: 41,7% (IC 95% 31.6-51.7) y 45,6%.(IC 95%: 39-52.3). Fue más común el diagnóstico en mayores de 50 años. Conclusiones: la modificación de las definiciones del SM aumenta la prevalencia facilitando la detección temprana de factores de riesgo. Es mayor que la reportada por tratarse de población que asiste a control en un hospital de tercer nivel.
Aniridia congénita
Authors: Solano Adriana , Díaz Granados Juan , Castillo Ángela 
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: presentar un caso de aniridia congénita bilateral asociada con catarata e hipoplasia foveal y revisar la literatura existente. Métodos: revisión de la literatura y de la historia clínica de un paciente que consultó al Hospital de San José de Bogotá DC. Conclusiones: la aniridia es una alteración panocular, bilateral, muy poco frecuente que afecta la córnea, cámara anterior, iris, cristalino, retina, mácula y nervio óptico. Tiene una incidencia entre 1:64.000 y 1:100.000. Puede encontrarse de manera aislada o en asociación con otros síndromes, incluyendo el tumor de Wilms, anormalidades genitourinarias y retardo mental (síndrome de WARG).
Zdobycie Nowej Kartaginy przez Scypiona — problem interpretacji źródeł i ustaleń nowożytnej historiografii
Authors: Dróździel Sławomir Leszek 
Published: March 2020

Celem artykułu jest próba zweryfikowania najnowszych ustaleń dotyczących okoliczności zdobycia Nowej Kartaginy przez Publiusza Korneliusza Scypiona w 209 roku p.n.e. Zamiarem autora było ponowne przeanalizowanie relacji źródłowych i ich skonfrontowanie z treścią dyskursu w literaturze przedmiotu dotyczącego wskazanego tematu. Przebieg omawianej operacji, którą autor postanowił poddać krytycznej interpretacji, miał bowiem kolosalne znaczenie nie tylko dla dalszych walk Rzymian z Kartagińczykami na Półwyspie Iberyjskim, lecz także dla całego konfliktu potomków Romulusa z Hannibalem, w którym odnieśli oni ostateczne zwycięstwo.