bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary care use and cardiovascular disease risk in Russian 40–69 year olds: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Petersen Jakob , Kontsevaya Anna , McKee Martin , Richardson Erica , Cook Sarah , Malyutina Sofia , Kudryavtsev Alexander V , Leon David A 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe Russian Federation has very high cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates compared with countries of similar economic development. This cross-sectional study compares the characteristics of CVD-free participants with and without recent primary care contact to ascertain their CVD risk and health status.MethodsA total of 2774 participants aged 40–69 years with no self-reported CVD history were selected from a population-based study conducted in Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 2015–2018. A range of co-variates related to socio-demographics, health and health behaviours were included. Recent primary care contact was defined as seeing primary care doctor in the past year or having attended a general health check under the 2013 Dispansarisation programme.ResultsThe proportion with no recent primary care contact was 32.3% (95% CI 29.7% to 35.0%) in males, 16.3% (95% CI 14.6% to 18.2%) in females, and 23.1% (95% CI 21.6% to 24.7%) overall. In gender-specific age-adjusted analyses, no recent contact was also associated with low education, smoking, very good to excellent self-rated health, no chest pain, CVD 10-year SCORE risk 5+%, absence of hypertension control, absence of hypertension awareness and absence of care-intensive conditions. Among those with no contact: 37% current smokers, 34% with 5+% 10-year CVD risk, 32% untreated hypertension, 20% non-anginal chest pain, 18% problem drinkers, 14% uncontrolled hypertension and 9% Grade 1–2 angina. The proportion without general health check attendance was 54.6%.ConclusionPrimary care and community interventions would be required to proactively reach sections of 40–69 year olds currently not in contact with primary care services to reduce their CVD risk through diagnosis, treatment, lifestyle recommendations and active follow-up.
Gender, gestation and ectogenesis: self-determination for pregnant people ahead of artificial wombs
Authors: Horn Claire 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this short response, I agree with Cavaliere’s recent invitation to consider ectogenesis, the process of gestation occurring outside the body, as a political perspective and provocation to building a world in which reproductive and care labour are more justly distributed. But I argue that much of the literature Cavaliere addresses in which scholars argue that artificial wombs may produce greater gender equality has the limitation of taking a fixed, binary and biological approach to sex and gender. I argue that in taking steps toward the possibility of more just practices of caregiving and family making, we must look first not to artificial womb technologies but to addressing the ways that contemporary legal and social practices that enforce essentialising, binary ways of thinking about reproductive bodies inhibit this goal.
Preparing for PrEP; the cost of delaying universal access in England
Authors: Jewsbury Sally , Garner Anna , Redmond Michael , Saxon Cara , Teo Siew Yan , Ward Chris James , McQuillan Orla 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is not commissioned within National Health Service (NHS) England. Individuals can access it privately online or by enrolment into a clinical trial. We established a list of individuals not enrolled in trials, awaiting PrEP. In response to the observation that patients awaiting PrEP trials were being referred with newly diagnosed HIV, we aimed to measure attendance, incident HIV, STI acquisition and missed opportunities for prevention.MethodsThe search was conducted for patients on the list from November 2017 to November 2019. We examined the electronic clinical records of those on the list and extracted demographic information, STI and HIV diagnoses. In addition, for those diagnosed with HIV, we reviewed risk factors including chemsex and prior postexposure prophylaxis.ResultsThere were 1073 patients on list, and 520 (48.6%) were still awaiting recruitment in a PrEP trial. Eight (0.75%) had an enrolment appointment booked while 200 (18.64%) had been contacted and deemed ineligible according to PrEP trial criteria. 45 (32.15%) had not responded to contact. We identified 15 new HIV infections in patients awaiting PrEP. Of these, 9/15 (60.00%) did not meet eligibility criteria at point of contact, though had been eligible at first referral.ConclusionIt is unacceptable that 15 patients acquired HIV while waiting. The individual lifetime cost of treating HIV is estimated at £360 800(1). This equals £5 412 000 for these 15 infections notwithstanding the psychological and physical burden. We advocate the immediate role out of universal PrEP for those who need it on the NHS. While this decision is delayed, harm is coming to those waiting. Wider provision of PrEP may encourage increased attendance, but must consider additional resources to accommodate added visits. We are relieved that at the point of final submission (21 March 2020) NHS England have recently announced funding of PrEP for eligible patients from, further details are pending.
A gradient based optimization procedure for finding axle weights in probabilistic bridge weigh-in-motion method
Authors: Gonçalves Matheus Silva , Carraro Felipe , Lopez Rafael Holdorf 
Published: May 2020

Bridge weigh-in-motion (BWIM) consists of the use of sensors on bridges to assess the loads of passing vehicles. Probabilistic bridge weigh-in-motion (pBWIM) is an approach for solving the inverse problem of finding vehicle axle weights based on deformation information. The pBWIM approach uses a probabilistic influence line and seeks the most probable axle weights, given in situ measurements. To compute such weights, the original pBWIM employed a grid search, which may lead to computational complexity, especially when applied to vehicles with high number of axles. Hence, this note presents an improved version of pBWIM, modifying the manner in which the most probable weights are sought. Here, a gradient based optimization procedure is proposed for replacing the computationally expensive grid-search of the original algorithm. The required gradients are fully derived and validated in numerical examples. The proposed modification is shown to highly decrease the computational complexity of the problem.
Shadows of Sgr A$$^{*}$$ black hole surrounded by superfluid dark matter halo
Authors: Jusufi Kimet , Jamil Mubasher , Zhu Tao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper we construct a black hole solution surrounded by superfluid dark matter and baryonic matter, and study their effects on the shadow images of the Sgr A$$^{*}$$∗ black hole. To achieve this goal, we have considered two density profiles for the baryonic matter described by the spherical exponential profile and the power law profile including a special case describing a totally dominated dark matter galaxy. Using the present values for the parameters of the superfluid dark matter and baryonic density profiles for the Sgr A$$^{*}$$∗ black hole, we find that the effects of the superfluid dark matter and baryonic matter on the size of shadows are almost negligible compared to the Kerr vacuum black hole. In addition, we find that by increasing the baryonic mass the shadow size increases considerably. This result can be linked to the matter distribution in the galaxy, namely the baryonic matter is mostly located in the galactic center and, therefore, increasing the baryonic matter can affect the size of black hole shadow compared to the totally dominated dark matter galaxy where we observe an increase of the angular diameter of the Sgr A$$^{*}$$∗ black hole of the magnitude $$10^{-5}\,\upmu $$10-5μarcsec.
Analytic solutions in Einstein-aether scalar field cosmology
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos , Leon Genly 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the context of Einstein-aether scalar field cosmology we solve the field equations and determine exact and analytic solutions. In particular, we consider a model proposed by Kanno and Soda where the aether and the scalar fields interact through the aether coefficient parameters, which are promoted to be functions of the scalar field. For this model, we write the field equations by using the minisuperspace approach and we determine the scalar field potentials which leads to Liouville-integrable systems. We solve the field equations for five families of scalar field potentials and, whether it is feasible, we write down the analytic solutions by using closed-form functions.
An Epidemiology-inspired Large-scale Analysis of Android App Accessibility
Authors: Ross Anne Spencer , Zhang Xiaoyi , Fogarty James , Wobbrock Jacob O. 
Published: May 2020

Accessibility barriers in mobile applications (apps) can make it challenging for people who have impairments or use assistive technology to use those apps. Ross et al.’s epidemiology-inspired framework emphasizes that a wide variety of factors may influence an app's accessibility and presents large-scale analysis as a powerful tool for understanding the prevalence of accessibility barriers (i.e.,
inaccessibility diseases
). Drawing on this framework, we performed a large-scale analysis of free Android apps, exploring the frequency of accessibility barriers and factors that may have contributed to barrier prevalence. We tested a population of 9,999 apps for seven accessibility barriers: few TalkBack-focusable elements, missing labels, duplicate labels, uninformative labels, editable TextViews with
contentDescription
, fully overlapping clickable elements, and undersized elements. We began by measuring the prevalence of each accessibility barrier across all relevant element classes and apps. Missing labels and undersized elements were the most prevalent barriers. As a measure of the spread of barriers across apps, we assessed the five most reused classes of elements for missing labels and undersized elements. The Image Button class was among the most barrier-prone of the high reuse element classes; 53% of Image Button elements were missing labels and 40% were undersized. We also investigated factors that may have contributed to the high barrier prevalence in certain classes of elements, selecting examples based on prior knowledge, our analyses, and metrics of reuse and barrier-proneness. These case studies explore: (1) how the
few TalkBack-focusable elements
accessibility barrier relates to app category (e.g., Education, Entertainment) and the tools used to implement an app, (2) the prevalence of label-based barriers in image-based buttons, (3) design patterns that affect the labeling and size of Radio Buttons and Checkboxes, and (4) accessibility implications of the sizing of third-party plug-in elements. Our work characterizes the current state of Android accessibility, suggests improvements to the app ecosystem, and demonstrates analysis techniques that can be applied in further app accessibility assessments.
A Theory of Slicing for Imperative Probabilistic Programs
Authors: Amtoft Torben , Banerjee Anindya 
Published: May 2020

Dedicated to the memory of Sebastian Danicic.
We present a theory for slicing imperative probabilistic programs containing random assignments and “observe” statements for conditioning. We represent such programs as probabilistic control-flow graphs (pCFGs) whose nodes modify probability distributions. This allows direct adaptation of standard machinery such as data dependence, postdominators, relevant variables, and so on, to the probabilistic setting. We separate the specification of slicing from its implementation:

(1) first, we develop syntactic conditions that a slice must satisfy (they involve the existence of another disjoint slice such that the variables of the two slices are
probabilistically independent
of each other);

(2) next, we prove that any such slice is semantically correct;
(3) finally, we give an algorithm to compute the least slice.
To generate smaller slices, we may in addition take advantage of knowledge that certain loops will terminate (almost) always.

Our results carry over to the slicing of
structured
imperative probabilistic programs, as handled in recent work by Hur et al. For such a program, we can define its slice, which has the same “normalized” semantics as the original program; the proof of this property is based on a result proving the adequacy of the semantics of pCFGs w.r.t. the standard semantics of structured imperative probabilistic programs.
In Praise of Software Practice
Authors: Glass Robert L. 
Published: May 2020

It has been almost a third of a century since the world was caught up in a complex computing and software political clash.
The clash was over something originally called the Strategic Defense Intiative (SDI), later somewhat-facetiously called "Star Wars," the notion of an anti-missile system that would shoot down an incoming enemy missile. The time was around the mid- 1980s. The two most vehement sides on the issue were - academic and theoretic computer science types, who thought it couldn't be done. - practitioner engineers and software people, who thought it could.
A Linear-Time Algorithm for Seeds Computation
Authors: Kociumaka Tomasz , Kubica Marcin , Radoszewski Jakub , Rytter Wojciech , Waleń Tomasz 
Published: May 2020

A seed in a word is a relaxed version of a period in which the occurrences of the repeating subword may overlap. Our first contribution is a linear-time algorithm computing a linear-size representation of all seeds of a word (the number of seeds might be quadratic). In particular, one can easily derive the shortest seed and the number of seeds from our representation. Thus, we solve an open problem stated in a survey by Smyth from 2000 and improve upon a previous
O
(
n
log
n
)-time algorithm by Iliopoulos et al. from 1996. Our approach is based on combinatorial relations between seeds and subword complexity (used here for the first time in the context of seeds).

In previous papers, compact representations of seeds consisted of two independent parts operating on the suffix tree of the input word and the suffix tree of its reverse, respectively. Our second contribution is a novel and significantly simpler representation of all seeds that avoids dealing with the suffix tree of the reversed word. This result is also of independent interest from a combinatorial point of view.
A preliminary version of this work, with a much more complex algorithm constructing a representation of seeds on two suffix trees, was presented at the 23rd Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA’12).
ERK-Mediated Loss of miR-199a-3p and Induction of EGR1 Act as a “Toggle Switch” of GBM Cell Dedifferentiation into NANOG- and OCT4-Positive Cells
Authors: Almairac Fabien , Turchi Laurent , Sakakini Nathalie , Debruyne David Nicolas , Elkeurti Sarah , Gjernes Elisabet , Polo Beatrice , Bianchini Laurence , Fontaine Denys , Paquis Philippe , Chneiweiss Herve , Junier Marie-Pierre , Verrando Patrick , Burel-Vandenbos Fanny , Virolle Thierry 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

There is great interest in understanding how the cancer stem cell population may be maintained in solid tumors. Here, we show that tumor cells exhibiting stem-like properties and expression of pluripotency markers NANOG and OCT4 can arise from original differentiated tumor cells freshly isolated from human glioblastomas (GBM) and that have never known any serum culture conditions. Induction of EGR1 by EGFR/ERK signaling promoted cell conversion from a less aggressive, more differentiated cellular state to a self-renewing and strongly tumorigenic state, expressing NANOG and OCT4. Expression of these pluripotency markers occurred before the cells re-entered the cell cycle, demonstrating their capacity to change and dedifferentiate without any cell divisions. In differentiated GBM cells, ERK-mediated repression of miR-199a-3p induced EGR1 protein expression and triggered dedifferentiation. Overall, this signaling pathway constitutes an ERK-mediated "toggle switch" that promotes pluripotency marker expression and stem-like features in GBM cells.

Significance:
This study defines an ERK-mediated molecular mechanism of dedifferentiation of GBM cells into a stem-like state, expressing markers of pluripotency.
See related commentary by Koncar and Agnihotri, p. 3195
Systemic Immune Response and Cancer Risk: Filling the Missing Piece of Immuno-Oncology
Authors: Song Mingyang , Tworoger Shelley S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
While immuno-oncology has made significant advances in activating local tumor immune responses, leading to improved outcomes, the role of systemic immunity in cancer incidence remains poorly understood. Le Cornet and colleagues prospectively studied circulating immune cells quantified by DNA methylation markers in relation to incidence of breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer among initially healthy individuals. A positive association with cancer risk was observed for higher FOXP3+ T-cell–mediated immune tolerance and lower CD8+ T-cell–mediated cytotoxicity. Further studies of systemic immunity in cancer development are crucial to identify novel prediction markers and interventional targets for cancer immunoprevention.
See related article by Le Cornet et al., p. 1885
First-in-Human Trial of Epichaperome-Targeted PET in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Dunphy Mark P.S. , Pressl Christina , Pillarsetty Nagavarakishore , Grkovski Milan , Modi Shanu , Jhaveri Komal , Norton Larry , Beattie Bradley J. , Zanzonico Pat B. , Zatorska Danuta , Taldone Tony , Ochiana Stefan O. , Uddin Mohammad M. , Burnazi Eva M. , Lyashchenko Serge K. , Hudis Clifford A. , Bromberg Jacqueline , Schöder Heiko M. , Fox Josef J. , Zhang Hanwen , Chiosis Gabriela , Lewis Jason S. , Larson Steven M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
124I-PU-H71 is an investigational first-in-class radiologic agent specific for imaging tumor epichaperome formations. The intracellular epichaperome forms under cellular stress and is a clinically validated oncotherapeutic target. We conducted a first-in-human study of microdose 124I-PU-H71 for PET to study in vivo biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and safety; and the feasibility of epichaperome-targeted tumor imaging.

Experimental Design:
Adult patients with cancer (n = 30) received 124I-PU-H71 tracer (201±12 MBq, &lt;25 μg) intravenous bolus followed by PET/CT scans and blood radioassays.

Results:
124I-PU-H71 PET detected tumors of different cancer types (breast, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, genitourinary, gynecologic, sarcoma, and pancreas). 124I-PU-H71 was retained by tumors for several days while it cleared rapidly from bones, healthy soft tissues, and blood. Radiation dosimetry is favorable and patients suffered no adverse effects.

Conclusions:
Our first-in-human results demonstrate the safety and feasibility of noninvasive in vivo detection of tumor epichaperomes using 124I-PU-H71 PET, supporting clinical development of PU-H71 and other epichaperome-targeted therapeutics.
Dual Regulation of Histone Methylation by mTOR Complexes Controls Glioblastoma Tumor Cell Growth via EZH2 and SAM
Authors: Harachi Mio , Masui Kenta , Honda Hiroaki , Muragaki Yoshihiro , Kawamata Takakazu , Cavenee Webster K. , Mischel Paul S. , Shibata Noriyuki 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Epigenetic regulation known for DNA methylation and histone modification is critical for securing proper gene expression and chromosomal function, and its aberration induces various pathologic conditions including cancer. Trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is known to suppress various genes related to cancer cell survival and the level of H3K27me3 may have an influence on tumor progression and malignancy. However, it remains unclear how histone methylation is regulated in response to genetic mutation and microenvironmental cues to facilitate the cancer cell survival. Here, we report a novel mechanism of the specific regulation of H3K27me3 by cooperatively two mTOR complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2 in human glioblastoma (GBM). Integrated analyses revealed that mTORC1 upregulates the protein expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2, a main component of polycomb repressive complex 2 which is known as H3K27-specific methyltransferase. The other mTOR complex, mTORC2, regulates production of S-adenosylmethionine, an essential substrate for histone methylation. This cooperative regulation causes H3K27 hypermethylation which subsequently promotes tumor cell survival both in vitro and in vivo xenografted mouse tumor model. These results indicate that activated mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes cooperatively contribute to tumor progression through specific epigenetic regulation, nominating them as an exploitable therapeutic target against cancer.

Implications:
A dynamic regulation of histone methylation by mTOR complexes promotes tumor growth in human GBM, but at the same time could be exploitable as a novel therapeutic target against this deadly tumor.
Northern Hemisphere Winter Air Temperature Patterns and Their Associated Atmospheric and Ocean Conditions
Authors: Deng Jiechun , Dai Aiguo , Chyi Dorina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Northern Hemisphere (NH) has experienced winter Arctic warming and continental cooling in recent decades, but the dominant patterns in winter surface air temperature (SAT) are not well understood. Here, a self-organizing map (SOM) analysis is performed to identify the leading patterns in winter daily SAT fields from 1979 to 2018, and their associated atmospheric and ocean conditions are also examined. Three distinct winter SAT patterns with two phases of nearly opposite signs and a time scale of 7–12 days are found: one pattern exhibits concurrent SAT anomalies of the same sign over North America (NA) and northern Eurasia, while the other two patterns show SAT anomalies of opposite signs between, respectively, NA and the Bering Sea, and the Kara Sea and East Asia (EA). Winter SAT variations may arise from changes in the SOM frequencies. Specifically, the observed increasing trends of winter cold extremes over NA, central Eurasia, and EA during 1998–2013 can be understood as a result of the increasing occurrences of some specific SAT patterns. These SOMs are closely related to poleward advection of midlatitude warm air and equatorward movements of polar cold airmass. These meridional displacements of cold and warm airmasses cause concurrent anomalies over different regions not only in SAT but also in water vapor and surface downward longwave radiation. Anomalous sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific, midlatitude North Pacific, and North Atlantic and anomalous Arctic sea ice concentrations also concur to support and maintain the anomalous atmospheric circulation that causes the SAT anomalies.