bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality and risk of cancer in men with coronary heart disease
Authors: DENOLLET JOHAN 
Published: July 2002

Background. There still is much debate with regard to

the role of psychosocial factors in cancer.
Evidence suggests that cancer and coronary heart disease (CHD) may have
common causes. This
study examined the role of pessimism, anxiety and personality
in the development of cancer among
men who had been diagnosed with CHD but were free of cancer at baseline.Methods. Two hundred and forty-six men who were treated for
CHD,
but were free of cancer, filled
out psychological scales at baseline. Patients and their families were

contacted after 6–10 years to determine the incidence of cancer.Results. At follow-up, 12 patients (5%) had been diagnosed

with cancer (9 cancer deaths).
Development of cancer was unrelated to cardiac pathology but was associated
with age
[ges ]56 years, poor exercise tolerance, pessimism and anxiety. The rate

of cancer was 8/60=13% for men with
a distressed personality (type-D) and 4/186=2% for non-type-D men
(P=0·002); rate of cancer
death was 10% and 2%, respectively (P=0·007). Type-D
refers to the interaction between high
negative affectivity and high social inhibition. Regression analysis
yielded older age (odds ratio 4·6,
95% CI 1·5–14·3) and type-D (odds ratio 7·2,

95% CI 2·9–18·1) as independent prognostic factors

for cancer.Conclusions. Type-D personality was a prognostic factor for

the development of cancer in men with
established CHD. Psychosomatic research should take a broad enough
view of the specific and the
global psychosocial variables that may play a role in both cancer and CHD.
Sustained reduction in the carriage of Neisseria meningitidis

as a result of a community meningococcal disease control programme
Authors: NEAL K. R. , IRWIN D. J. , DAVIES S. , KACZMARSKI E. B. , WALE M. C. J. 
Published: July 2002

The effect of a community intervention programme of antibiotics
and meningitis vaccine on
pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis was investigated.
Carriage rates were determined
in pupils at both secondary schools (ages 11–18 years) included in
the community intervention
programme and compared with two schools outside the area matched for socio-economic

status. A total of 1869 pupils were studied 6 months after the programmes,
and 2457 pupils
after 11 months.Six months after the programme was completed there was a 72% reduction
in pharyngeal
carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in pupils attending the schools
in the intervention area
compared with pupils in the control schools. After 11 months this difference
persisted in the
11–14 age group but not in the 15–18 age group. No resistance
to the antibiotics used in the
programme was found.A community intervention programme of antibiotics and vaccine for the
control of
meningococcal disease led to a long-term reduction in Neisseria meningitidis
carriage in some
age groups.
Microevolution and maternal effects on tadpole Rana temporaria growth and development rate
Authors: Loman Jon 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCan variation in egg size explain the local variation in tadpole growth and development of the common frog Rana temporaria or are other mechanisms, e.g. microevolution, involved? To study this, tadpoles were raised in outdoor tanks. Each tank housed tadpoles from one clutch. Eggs were collected during 2 years from six different ponds and their sizes were measured. Large eggs gave rise to tadpoles that grew and developed faster than those hatched from small eggs. Tadpoles from large eggs thus metamorphosed earlier but, because they grew for a shorter time, size at metamorphosis was not affected by initial egg size. Tadpoles from different ponds differed in strategy; after correcting for egg size effects, tadpoles from some ponds tended to metamorphose earlier and at a larger size than those from others. These ponds occasionally dry out during or before the tadpoles' period of metamorphosis. I argue that the detected pond differences are genetically based and represent a case of microevolution.
A Measure for the Non-Orthogonality of
a Lattice Basis
Authors: SEYSEN M. 
Published: July 2002

Let B = [b1, …,
bn] (with column vectors bi)
be a basis of ℝn. Then
L = [sum ]biℤ is a
lattice in ℝn and A = B[top ]B
is the Gram matrix of B. The reciprocal lattice L* of L has
basis B* = (B−1)[top ] with Gram matrix
A−1. For any nonsingular matrix
A = (ai,j) with inverse
A−1 = (a*i,j), let
τ(A) = max1[les ]i[les ]n
{[sum ]nj
=1[mid ]ai,j
·a*j,j[mid ]}. Then
τ(A), τ(A−1)[ges ]1 holds,
with equality for an orthogonal basis. We will show that for any lattice L there
is a basis with Gram matrix A such that
τ(A), τ(A−1)
= exp (O((ln n)2)). This generalizes a result in
[8] and [20].For any basis transformation A→Ā with
Ā = T[top ]AT,
T = (ti,j)∈SLn(ℤ), we will show
[mid ]ti,j[mid ][les ]τ(A−1)
·τ(Ā). This implies that every integral matrix representation of a
finite group is equivalent to a representation where the coefficients of the matrices
representing group elements are bounded by exp (O((ln n)2)). This
new bound is considerably smaller than the known (exponential) bounds for automorphisms of
Minkowski-reduced lattice bases: see, for example, [6].The quantities τ(A), τ(A−1)
have the following geometric interpretation. Let V(L) [ratio ]=
{x∈ℝn[mid ]∀λ∈L
[ratio ][mid ]x[mid ][les ][mid ]x−λ[mid ]} be the Voronoi cell
(also called the Dirichlet region) of the lattice L. For a basis B of
L, we call C(B) =
{[sum ]xibi,
[mid ]xi[mid ][les ]1/2} the basis cell of B. Both
cells define a lattice tiling of ℝn (see [6]); they
coincide for an orthogonal basis. For a general basis B of L with Gram
matrix A we will show
V(L)[les ]τ(A−1)·C(B)
and C(B)[les ]n·τ(A)·V(L).
The 10q25 Neocentromere and its Inactive Progenitor Have Identical Primary Nucleotide Sequence: Further Evidence for Epigenetic Modification
Authors: Barry Alyssa E. , Bateman Melissa , Howman Emily V. , Cancilla Michael R. , Tainton Kellie M. , Irvine Danielle V. , Saffery Richard , Choo K.H. Andy 
Published: July 2002

We have previously localized the core centromere protein-binding domain of a 10q25.2-derived neocentromere to an 80-kb genomic region. Detailed analysis has indicated that the 80-kb neocentromere (NC) DNA has a similar overall organization to the corresponding region on a normal chromosome 10 (HC) DNA, derived from a genetically unrelated CEPH individual. Here we report sequencing of the HC DNA and its comparison to the NC sequence. Single-base differences were observed at a maximum rate of 4.6 per kb; however, no deletions, insertions, or other structural rearrangements were detected. To investigate whether the observed changes, or subsets of these, might be de novo mutations involved in neocentromerization (i.e., in committing a region of a chromosome to neocentromere formation), the progenitor DNA (PnC) from which the NC DNA descended, was cloned and sequenced. Direct comparison of the PnC and NC sequences revealed 100% identity, suggesting that the differences between NC and HC DNA are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and that formation of the 10q25.2 NC did not involve a change in DNA sequence in the core centromere protein-binding NC region. This is the first study in which a cloned NC DNA has been compared directly with its inactive progenitor DNA at the primary sequence level. The results form the basis for future sequence comparison outside the core protein-binding domain, and provide direct support for the involvement of an epigenetic mechanism in neocentromerization.[The sequences in this paper have been submitted to GenBank under accession nos. AF222855 (not yet available) for HC; AF042484 for NCI; AF222854 (not yet available) for NCII; andAF222856 (not yet available) for PnC.]
A Calcium and Free Fatty Acid-Modulated Protein Kinase as Putative Effector of the Fusicoccin 14-3-3 Receptor
Authors: Van der Hoeven PCJ. , Siderius M. , Korthout HAAJ. , Drabkin A. V. , De Boer A. H. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A protein kinase that is activated by calcium and cis-unsaturated fatty acids has been characterized from oat (Avena sativa L.) root plasma membranes. The kinase phosphorylates a synthetic peptide with a motif (-R-T-L-S-) that can be phosphorylated by both protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK)-type kinases. Calphostin C and chelerythrine, two PKC inhibitors, completely inhibited the kinase activity with values of inhibitor concentration for 50% inhibition of 0.7 and 30 [mu]M, respectively. At low Ca2+ concentrations cis-unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and oleic acid) stimulated the kinase activity almost 10-fold. The two inhibitors of the kinase, calphostin C and chelerythrin, strongly reduced the fusicoccin (FC)-induced H+ extrusion, and the activators of the kinase, the cis-unsaturated fatty acids, prevented [3H]FC binding to the FC 14–3–3 receptor. CDPK antibodies cross-reacted with a 43-kD band in the plasma membrane and in a purified FC receptor fraction. A polypeptide with the same apparent molecular mass was recognized by a synthetic peptide that had a sequence homologous to the annexin-like domain from barley 14–3–3. The possibility of the involvement of a kinase, with properties from both CDPK and PKC, and a phospholipase A2 in the FC signal transduction pathway is discussed.
Lipoxygenase Gene Expression in the Tobacco-Phytophthora parasitica nicotianae Interaction
Authors: Veronesi C. , Rickauer M. , Fournier J. , Pouenat M. L. , Esquerre-Tugaye M. T. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A recently isolated cDNA clone of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) lipoxygenase (LOX) was used to study LOX gene expression in tobacco cell-suspension cultures and intact plants in response to infection with Phytophthora parasitica nicotianae (Ppn). Southern blot analysis of tobacco DNA indicated that only a small number of LOX genes hybridize to this probe. These genes were not constitutively expressed to a detectable level in control cells and healthy plants. In contrast, a rapid and transient accumulation of transcripts occurred in cells and plants after treatment with elicitor and inoculation with zoospores of Ppn, respectively. In cell cultures LOX gene expression could also be induced by linolenic acid, a LOX substrate, and by methyl jasmonate, one of the products derived from the action of LOX on linolenic acid. In the infection assays, LOX gene expression and enzyme activity were observed earlier when the plants carried a resistance gene against the race of Ppn used for inoculation. The differential expression of LOX during the race-cultivar-specific interaction between tobacco and Ppn, as well as its regulation by elicitors and jasmonate, suggest a role of LOX in plant resistance and establishment of the defense status against this pathogen.
Regulation of Sesquiterpene Cyclase Gene Expression (Characterization of an Elicitor- and Pathogen-Inducible Promoter)
Authors: Yin S. , Mei L. , Newman J. , Back K. , Chappell J. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The promoter for a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) sesquiterpene cyclase gene, a key regulatory step in sesquiterpene phytoalexin biosynthesis, has been analyzed. The EAS4 promoter was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and the temporal and spatial expression patterns of GUS activity were examined in stably transformed plants and in transient expression assays using electroporated protoplasts of tobacco. No GUS activity was observed in any tissues under normal growth conditions. A low level of GUS activity was detected in wounded leaf, root, and stem tissues, whereas a much higher level was observed when these tissues were challenged with elicitors or microbial pathogens. The GUS expression pattern directed by the EAS4 promoter was identical to the induction patterns observed for the endogenous sesquiterpene cyclase genes. Neither exogenous salicylic acid nor methyl jasmonate induced GUS expression; and H2O2 induced GUS expression to only a limited extent. Although the EAS4 promoter contains cis-sequences resembling previously identified transcriptional control motifs, other cis-sequences important for quantitative and qualitative gene expression were identified by deletion and gain-of-function analyses. The EAS4 promoter differs from previously described pathogen-/elicitor-inducible promoters because it only supports inducible gene expression and directs unique spatial expression patterns.
A Calcium-Selective Channel from Root-Tip Endomembranes of Garden Cress1
Authors: Klüsener Birgit , Weiler Elmar W. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A Ca2+ channel from root-tip endomembranes of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) (LCC1) was characterized using the planar lipid-bilayer technique. Investigation of single-channel recordings revealed that LCC1 is voltage gated and strongly rectifying. In symmetrical 50 mm CaCl2 solutions, the single-channel conductance was 24 picosiemens. LCC1 showed a moderate selectivity for Ca2+ over K+ (9.4:1) and was permeable for a range of divalent cations (Ca2+, Ba2+, and Sr2+). In contrast to Bryonia dioica Ca2+ channel 1, a Ca2+-selective channel from the endoplasmic reticulum of touch-sensitive tendrils, LCC1 showed no bursting channel activity and had a low open probability and mean open time (2.83 ms at 50 mV). Inhibitor studies demonstrated that LCC1 is blocked by micromolar concentrations of erythrosin B (inhibitor concentration for 50% inhibition [IC50] = 1.8 μm) and the trivalent cations La3+(IC50 = 5 μm) and Gd3+(IC50 = 10 μm), whereas verapamil showed no blocking effect. LCC1 may play an important role in the regulation of the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration in root-tip and/or root-cap cells. The question of whether this ion channel is part of the gravitropic signal transduction pathway deserves further investigation.
Gibberellin Dose-Response Curves and the Characterization of Dwarf Mutants of Barley
Authors: Chandler Peter M. , Robertson Masumi 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Dose-response curves relating gibberellin (GA) concentration to the maximal leaf-elongation rate (LERmax) defined three classes of recessive dwarf mutants in the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ‘Himalaya.’ The first class responded to low (10−8–10−6m) [GA3] (as did the wild type). These grd(GA-responsive dwarf) mutants are likely to be GA-biosynthesis mutants. The second class of mutant,gse (GA sensitivity), differed principally in GA sensitivity, requiring approximately 100-fold higher [GA3] for both leaf elongation and α-amylase production by aleurone. This novel class may have impaired recognition between the components that are involved in GA signaling. The third class of mutant showed no effect of GA3 on the LERmax. When further dwarfed by treatment with a GA-biosynthesis inhibitor, mutants in this class did respond to GA3, although the LERmax never exceeded that of the untreated dwarf. These mutants, called elo (elongation), appeared to be defective in the specific processes that are required for elongation rather than in GA signaling. When sln1(slender1) was introduced into these different genetic backgrounds, sln was epistatic to grd and gse but hypostatic toelo. Because the rapid leaf elongation typical ofsln was observed in the grd andgse backgrounds, we inferred that rapid leaf elongation is the default state and suggest that GA action is mediated through the activity of the product of the Sln gene.
Genes Expressed inPinus radiataMale Cones Include Homologs to Anther-Specific and Pathogenesis Response Genes
Authors: Walden Adrian R. , Walter Christian , Gardner Richard C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe describe the isolation and characterization of 13 cDNA clones that are differentially expressed in male cones of Pinus radiata (D. Don). The transcripts of the 13 genes are expressed at different times between meiosis and microspore mitosis, timing that corresponds to a burst in tapetal activity in the developing anthers. In situ hybridization showed that four of the genes are expressed in the tapetum, while a fifth is expressed in tetrads during a brief developmental window. Six of the seven cDNAs identified in database searches have striking similarity to genes expressed in angiosperm anthers. Seven cDNAs are homologs of defense and pathogen response genes. The cDNAs identified are predicted to encode a chalcone-synthase-like protein, a thaumatin-like protein, a serine hydrolase thought to be a putative regulator of programmed cell death, two lipid-transfer proteins, and two homologs of the anther-specific A9 genes from Brassica napus and Arabidopsis. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that many of the reproductive processes in the angiosperms and gymnosperms were inherited from a common ancestor.
Radiotracer and Computer Modeling Evidence that Phospho-Base Methylation Is the Main Route of Choline Synthesis in Tobacco
Authors: McNeil Scott D. , Nuccio Michael L. , Rhodes David , Shachar-Hill Yair , Hanson Andrew D. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Among flowering plants, the synthesis of choline (Cho) from ethanolamine (EA) can potentially occur via three parallel, interconnected pathways involving methylation of free bases, phospho-bases, or phosphatidyl-bases. We investigated which pathways operate in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) because previous work has shown that the endogenous Cho supply limits accumulation of glycine betaine in transgenic tobacco plants engineered to convert Cho to glycine betaine. The kinetics of metabolite labeling were monitored in leaf discs supplied with [33P]phospho-EA, [33P]phospho-monomethylethanolamine, or [14C]formate, and the data were subjected to computer modeling. Because partial hydrolysis of phospho-bases occurred in the apoplast, modeling of phospho-base metabolism required consideration of the re-entry of [33P]phosphate into the network. Modeling of [14C]formate metabolism required consideration of the labeling of the EA and methyl moieties of Cho. Results supported the following conclusions: (a) The first methylation step occurs solely at the phospho-base level; (b) the second and third methylations occur mainly (83%–92% and 65%–85%, respectively) at the phospho-base level, with the remainder occurring at the phosphatidyl-base level; and (c) free Cho originates predominantly from phosphatidylcholine rather than from phospho-Cho. This study illustrates how computer modeling of radiotracer data, in conjunction with information on chemical pool sizes, can provide a coherent, quantitative picture of fluxes within a complex metabolic network.
Salt‐induced stabilization of apoflavodoxin at neutral pH is mediated through cation‐specific effects
Authors: Maldonado Susana , Irún María Pilar , Campos Luis Alberto , Rubio José Antonio , Luquita Alejandra , Lostao Anabel , Wang Renjie , García‐Moreno E. Bertrand , Sancho Javier 
Published: July 2002

AbstractElectrostatic contributions to the conformational stability of apoflavodoxin were studied by measurement of the proton and salt‐linked stability of this highly acidic protein with urea and temperature denaturation. Structure‐based calculations of electrostatic Gibbs free energy were performed in parallel over a range of pH values and salt concentrations with an empirical continuum method. The stability of apoflavodoxin was higher near the isoelectric point (pH 4) than at neutral pH. This behavior was captured quantitatively by the structure‐based calculations. In addition, the calculations showed that increasing salt concentration in the range of 0 to 500 mM stabilized the protein, which was confirmed experimentally. The effects of salts on stability were strongly dependent on cationic species: K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ exerted similar effects, much different from the effect measured in the presence of the bulky choline cation. Thus cations bind weakly to the negatively charged surface of apoflavodoxin. The similar magnitude of the effects exerted by different cations indicates that their hydration shells are not disrupted significantly by interactions with the protein. Site‐directed mutagenesis of selected residues and the analysis of truncation variants indicate that cation binding is not site‐specific and that the cation‐binding regions are located in the central region of the protein sequence. Three‐state analysis of the thermal denaturation indicates that the equilibrium intermediate populated during thermal unfolding is competent to bind cations. The unusual increase in the stability of apoflavodoxin at neutral pH affected by salts is likely to be a common property among highly acidic proteins.
Surface passivation and 1/f noise phenomena in HgCdTe photodiodes
Authors: Nemirovsky Y. , Rosenfeld D. 
Published: July 2002

1/f noise currents have been measured in HgCdTe photodiodes and gate-controlled diodes as a function of gate bias, diode voltage, and dark (leakage) currents. The diodes are fabricated by ion implanting boron (n+) on bulk p-type material with x=0.22. Native anodic sulfide in combination with deposited ZnS is used for surface passivation. The measurements demonstrate that the dominant mechanism that produces 1/f noise in HgCdTe photodiodes is tunneling. With the gated diodes it is possible to separate bulk and surface related mechanisms responsible for the 1/f noise currents. 1/f noise currents are produced by surface-induced tunneling at pinched-off depletion regions adjacent to accumulated surfaces and by tunneling across field-induced junctions underneath inverted surfaces. Bulk trap-assisted tunneling that limits the R0A product below 50 K but is masked by diffusion at 77 K, is responsible for the 1/f noise currents at optimized surface potentials, (i.e., approximately flat-band conditions) at low bias voltages.
For nonoptimized surface potentials, the tunneling currents are either band to band or trap assisted, depending on material properties. The noise associated with band to band tunneling is modeled with In=αt(It)1/2( f )−1/2 where It is the measured tunneling current. The proportionality factor αt between the noise current and the tunneling current in gate-controlled devices is in the range αt=4×10−7√A to αt=1×10−8√A. HgCdTe photodiodes with the same passivation technology but without a gate, fabricated in higher-quality bulk material, operating at high reverse bias, yield αt values that range between αt=2×10−7√A for small area diodes (junction area equals to 6×10−5 cm2) to αt=6×10−8√A for large area diodes (with junctions area equal to 1.45×10−3 cm2). The noise associated with trap-assisted tunneling is modeled with In=αt(It)β( f )−1/2 where β is approximately 0.75. The numerical values of αt are strongly dependent upon material properties and the dimensions are (A)1−β.
Comparison of different x-ray sources using the same printing process parameters
Authors: Cullman E. , Künneth T. , Suss Karl , Neff W. , Stephan K. H. 
Published: July 2002

The x-ray printing performance of a conventional electron bombardment source , a plasma focus source, and a synchrotron radiation source are compared. The same mask, resist process, and gap between mask and wafer are employed for all sources. A step-and-repeat x-ray mask aligner holds both mask and wafer in ambient atmospere so that the radiation travels through 1 mm of air. Both point sources—a stationary W anode source, and a plasma focus source using Ne gas—emit their radiation from a 1 mm diam spot at a 40-cm distance from the mask. This geometry is chosen to allow high resolution image transfer. The BESSY electron storge ring in Berlin is used as the synchrotron radiation source providing nearly parallel exposure light. All exposure sources emit their radeation at about the same wavelength
, i.e., between 7 and 12 Å. Differences in imaging quality and exposure times will be discussed based on prints typically performed at a 40-μm gap in poly(methylisopropylphenylketone) (PMMA). The masks employed use a 1 μm gold absorber pattern on a silicon wafer thinned to 2-μm thickness. In future x-ray technology, the choice of the source may be related to the application. Depending heavily on throughput considerations all three sources might have a place in this promising technique.