bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccination concerns, beliefs and practices among Ukrainian migrants in Poland: A qualitative study
Authors: Ganczak Maria , Bielecki Klaudia , Drozd-Dąbrowska Marzena , Topczewska Katarzyna , Biesiada Daniel , Molas-Biesiada Agnieszka , Dubiel Paulina , Gorman Dermot 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Ukrainians numbering approximately 1.2 million are the largest migrant group in Poland. Data on vaccination coverage among migrants are not collected in EU, including Poland. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to identify vaccination practices in this migrant group, to explore facilitators and barriers to vaccination and related access to Polish healthcare services.Methods: In September 2019, a qualitative study of Ukrainian migrants (UMs) living in Szczecin, Poland, and recruited through a snowball sampling method, was conducted. Using a semi-structured topic guide, four focus groups were held with 22 UMs aged 18-45. Participants were asked about their attitudes towards vaccination in general with comparison between services in Poland and Ukraine. Following transcription and translation, a thematic analysis was conducted.Results: Respondents were distrustful of Ukrainian vaccination policy, medical personnel and individual vaccines, however, they often returned to Ukraine for dental and gynaecological appoint-ments. While critical with regards to registering with Polish GPs practices, UMs were confident in health professionals, as well as vaccine delivery. Vaccines were perceived as safer and of better quality than in Ukraine. Difficulties in translating vaccination records were rarely reported, verbal communi-cation was not problematic due to language similarities. All UM parents reported vaccinating their children according to the Polish schedule. However, a significant number of adult UMs have not completed mandatory vaccinations, although they may have obtained false immunization certificates; according to UMs those can be obtained by bribing. Participants reported lower acceptance of the influenza vaccine, mainly due to perceptions around its importance; none had been vaccinated against influenza. None of UMs had heard of the HPV vaccine. UMs experienced challenges in accessing credible online vaccination information in Ukrainian, no official local health authority vaccination material existed either, except for information about measles.Conclusions: This study pinpointed positive UM attitudes and practices regarding child vaccination in the Polish healthcare system and identified issues for improvement, such as adult vaccination. Health communication should be more tailored within UMs information delivery systems to enable migrants to make informed choices about vaccination. Further research is needed to better assess factors affecting vaccine uptake identified in this study.
Cluster randomised controlled feasibility study of HENRY: a community-based intervention aimed at reducing obesity rates in preschool children
Authors: Bryant Maria , Collinson Michelle , Burton Wendy , Stamp Elizabeth , Schofield Holly , Copsey Bethan , Hartley Suzanne , Webb Edward , Farrin Amanda J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Community based obesity prevention interventions are often commissioned despite the limited evidence base. HENRY (Health, Exercise, Nutrition for the Really Young) is a programme delivered to parents of preschool children across the UK. Early evidence suggests that it may be effective, but a robust evaluation has not been conducted. We initiated a systematic evaluation of HENRY by studying the feasibility of conducting a multi-centre definitive trial to evaluate its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness to prevent obesity. Objectives were to: assess the feasibility of recruiting local authorities, centres and parents; test processes and time required to train and certify intervention staff; explore HENRY commissioning processes; identify potential sources (and associated impact) of contamination; and consider the feasibility of trial procedures.Methods: We conducted a multi-centre, open labelled, two group, prospective, cluster randomised, controlled, feasibility study, with embedded process evaluation and pre-defined criteria for progression to definitive trial. We sought to recruit 120 parents from 12 children’s centres, across two UK local authority (government) areas. Within each local authority, we planned to randomise three centres to HENRY and three to ‘standard care’ control. Our plan was to collect data in family homes at baseline and 12 months, including parent and child height and weight, and parent-reported questionnaires on self-efficacy, feeding, eating habits, quality of life and resource use. Contamination, implementation and study acceptability were explored using parent interviews.Results: We recruited two local authorities and 12 children’s centres within eight months. 117 parents were recruited (average 3.9 parents per programme) and follow-up data were collected from 85% of participants. Process data from 20 parents and 24 members of staff indicate that both would benefit from more detail about their involvement as participants, but that methods were acceptable. Contamination was likely, though the impact of this on behaviour was unclear.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that a cluster RCT of HENRY to assess its effect on childhood obesity prevention is feasible. This study has allowed us to design a pragmatic definitive trial with minimal bias, taking account of lessons learnt from conducting evaluation research in public health settings. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03333733 registered 6th November 2017
Medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in individuals with or without coexisting autism spectrum disorder: analysis of data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug register
Authors: Johansson Viktoria , Sandin Sven , Chang Zheng , Taylor Mark J. , Lichtenstein Paul , D'Onofrio Brian M. , Larsson Henrik , Hellner Clara , Halldner Linda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. Clinical studies found that medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is effective in coexisting autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but current research is based on small clinical studies mainly performed on children or adolescents. We here use register data to examine if individuals with ADHD and coexisting ASD present differences in the prescribing patterns of ADHD medication when compared to individuals with pure ADHD.Methods. Data with information on filled prescriptions and diagnoses was retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the National Patient Register. We identified 34,374 individuals with pure ADHD and 5,012 individuals with ADHD and coexisting ASD, aged between 3 to 80 years. The first treatment episode with ADHD medications (≥2 filled prescriptions within 90 days) and daily doses of methylphenidate during a three-year period was measured. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the likelihood of being prescribed ADHD medication in individuals with and without ASD and Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare group differences in dose per day.Results. Individuals with ADHD and coexisting ASD were less likely to start continuous treatment with ADHD medication (ADHD 80.5%; ADHD with ASD 76.2%; OR; 0.80, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.75-0.86), were less likely to be prescribed methylphenidate, and were more commonly prescribed second line treatments such as dexamphetamine, amphetamine or modafinil. No group difference was observed for atomoxetine. In adults with ADHD and coexisting ASD, methylphenidate was prescribed in lower daily doses over three years as compared to individuals with pure ADHD.Conclusions. The findings indicate that there are differences in the medical treatment of individuals with or without ASD. If these differences are due to different medication responses in ASD or due to other factors such as clinicians’ perceptions of medication effects in patients with ASD, needs to be further studied.
The Blind Review: A quality assessment measure for review standardization of Institutional Review Boards
Authors: Park Sinyoung , Ahn Cho Rong , Noh Yang Hee , Park Sejung , Nam Chung Mo , Kim Myoung Soo , Kim Seung Min , Kim Jin Seok , Rha Sun Young 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Standardization of IRB reviews has become increasingly important with the rise in multinational trials. Though inconsistency is often inevitable because of varying opinions on ethics, standardizing and understanding the differences between review results is required to ensure that high IRB review quality is maintained. Therefore, we aimed to develop a quality assessment measure of IRB, named “blind review,” by reviewing the same research protocols followed by multiple IRB panels. We then analyzed the differences between the panels to understand the mechanism of IRB standardization. Methods: Based on the Human research Protection Program (HRPP) Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), eight blind review results from January 2010 to December 2018 at a single institution with multiple panels, using the Severance Hospital HRPP database as the source, were analyzed. The review scores ranged from 0 to 60 points, including good clinical practice (GCP) requirements and protocol issues Panel agreement was estimated by observed multiple rater agreement. Differences between review scores according to member expertise and IRB member duration were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The observed multiple raters’ agreement increased from 0.444 (95% CI: 0.167-1.000) in 2010 to 0.479 (95% CI: 0.271-0.708) in 2014-2018, as IRB reviewer experience increased. To analyze the review mechanism, three GCP requirements and three protocol issues were scored (range 0 to 60). The mean values for GCP requirements and protocol issues were 19.25±8.21 and 18.40±9.04, respectively. The mean score of the panels in which experts participated (n=16, 28.13±10.47) was higher than those of the control group (n=32, 25.16±10.96) (p=0.93). According to IRB members’ experience, scores for the group whose career spanned less than 3 years was 25.0±10.0 (n=14), those for the group whose career spanned 3-5 years was 26.3±9.6 (n=23), and those for the group whose career spanned more than 5 years was 27.3±14.2 (n=11). These results were statistically significant (p=0.09). Conclusions: We suggest blind review as an effective measure for overseeing and ensuring IRB review quality and overall GCP compliance.
Effectiveness of peer counseling and membership in breastfeeding support groups in promoting optimal breastfeeding behaviors in the Philippines
Authors: Saniel Ofelia P , Pepito Veincent Christian F , Amit Arianna Maever L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF)and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) remain low in the Philippines. To help meet the 90% EIBF target and to improve infant and young child feeding practices in the Philippines, the Millennium Development Goals - Fund 2030 Joint Programme (JP) on Ensuring Food Security and Nutrition for Children 0-24 months old was implemented. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of visits by a peer counselor during pregnancy and after delivery, and membership in breastfeeding support groups in promoting these optimal breastfeeding practices. We also aimed to examine the interaction between these two activities to assess their joint effects on both EIBF and EBF.Methods: We used data from the Endline Survey of the Joint Program , which collected socioeconomic data from the households of the mother-infant dyads, demographic characteristics of the mothers, and their particular infant and young child feeding practices. We used logistic regression methods for survey data to study these associations.Results: Out of the 2,343 mother-infant dyads, only 1,500 (63.1%) practiced EIBF and only 624 (27.9%) practiced EBF. After controlling for confounders, those who were visited by a peer counselor during the prenatal period had 1.32 times greater odds of practicing EIBF (95%CI: 0.96, 1.80) and 0.91 times lower odds (aOR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.68, 1.22) of practicing EBF compared to those who were not visited. The association between visits by a peer counselor and EIBF was weak and statistically insignificant. The odds of EBF was also 26% higher among those who were visited by peer counselors after delivery (aOR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.75), but this association was also weak and statistically not significant. Members of breastfeeding support groups had 1.49 times higher odds of EIBF (95% CI: 1.12, 1.98) and 1.59 times higher odds of EBF (95% CI: 1.21, 2.10) compared to those who were not members of breastfeeding support groups; both associations were statistically significant. However, there was no interaction between the different exposure variables on their effects on EIBF and EBF. Conclusions: Breastfeeding support groups may be institutionalized to promote both EIBF and EBF in the Philippines. The role of peer counselors in promoting optimal breastfeeding behaviors should be further reviewed in light of the findings of this study.
Characterization of florfenicol resistance genes in the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) isolates and genomic features of a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus lentus strain H29
Authors: Wu Chongyang , Zhang Xueya , Liang Jialei , Li Qiaoling , Lin Hailong , Lin Chaoqing , Liu Hongmao , Zhou Danying , Lu Wei , Sun Zhewei , Lin Xi , Zhang Hailin , Li Keiwei , Xu Teng , Bao Qiyu , Lu Junwan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: With the wide use of florfenicol to prevent and treat the bacterial infection of domestic animals, the emergence of the florfenicol resistance bacteria is increasingly serious. It is very important to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the bacteria’s resistance to florfenicol. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels was determined by the agar dilution method, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to analyze the distribution of florfenicol resistance genes in 39 CoNS strains isolated from poultry and livestock animals and seafood. The whole genome sequence of one multidrug-resistant strain, Staphylococcus lentus H29, was characterized, and comparative genomics analysis of the resistance gene-related sequences was also performed. Results: As a result, the isolates from the animals showed a higher resistance rate (23/28, 82.1%) and much higher MIC levels of florfenicol than those from seafood. Twenty-seven animal isolates carried 37 florfenicol resistance genes (including 26 fexA , 6 cfr and 5 fexB genes), of which 1 carried a cfr gene, 16 carried a fexA gene, 5 carried both fexA and fexB genes and 5 carried both fexA and cfr genes. On the other hand, all 11 isolates from seafood were sensitive to florfenicol, and only 3 carried a fexA gene each. The whole genome sequence of S. lentus H29 was composed of a chromosome and two plasmids ( pH29-46 , pH29- 26) and harbored 11 resistance genes, including 6 genes [ cfr, fexA, ant(6)-Ia , aac A -aph D , mecA and mph(C) ] encoded on the chromosome, four genes [ cfr, fexA, aac A -aph D and tcaA ] on pH29-46 and one gene ( fosD ) on pH29-26. It was interested to find that the S. lentus H29 genome carried two identical copies of the gene arrays of radC - tnpABC - hp - fexA (5,671 bp) and IS 256 - cfr (2,690 bp), of which one copy of the two gene arrays was encoded on plasmid pH29-46, while the other was encoded on the chromosome. Conclusions : The current study revealed the wide distribution of florfenicol resistance genes ( cfr, fexA and fexB ) in animal bacteria, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of one CoNS strain carrying two identical copies of florfenicol resistance-related gene arrays.
Impact resistance of steel materials to ballistic ejecta and shelter development using steel deck plates
Authors: Yamada Hiroyuki , Tateyama Kohei , Naruke Shino , Sasaki Hisashi , Torigata Shinichi , Honda Ryou , Kubo Tomohiro , Yoshimoto Mitsuhiro , Fujii Toshitsugu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The destruction caused by ballistic ejecta from the phreatic eruptions of Mt. Ontake in 2014 and Mt. Kusatsu-Shirane (Mt. Moto-Shirane) in 2018 in Japan, which resulted in numerous casualties, highlighted the need for better evacuation facilities. In response, some mountain huts were reinforced with aramid fabric to convert them into shelters. However, a number of decisions must be made when working to increase the number of shelters, which depend on the location where they are to be built. In this study, we propose a method of using high-strength steel to reinforce wooden buildings for use as shelters. More specifically, assuming that ballistic ejecta has an impact energy of 9 kJ or more, as in previous studies, we developed a method that utilizes SUS304 and SS400 unprocessed steel plates based on existing impact test data. We found that SUS304 is particularly suitable for use as a reinforcing material because it has excellent impact energy absorption characteristics due to its high ductility as well as excellent corrosion resistance. With the aim of increasing the structural strength of steel shelters, we also conducted an impact test on a shelter fabricated from SS400 deck plates (i.e., steel with improved flexural strength provided by work-hardened trapezoidal corrugated plates). The results show that the shelter could withstand impact with an energy of 13.5 kJ (2.66 kg of simulated ballistic ejecta at 101 m/s on impact). In addition, from the result of the impact test using the roof-simulating structure, it was confirmed the impact absorption energy is further increased when artificial pumice as an additional protective layer installed on this structure. Observations of the shelter after the impact test show that there is still some allowance for deformation caused by projectile impact, which means that the proposed steel shelter holds promise, not only structurally, but also from the aspects of transportation and assembly. Hence, the usefulness of shelters that use steel was shown experimentally. However, shelter construction should be suitable for the target environment.
The relationship between disability and parental status: A register study of the 1968 to 1970 birth cohorts
Authors: Namatovu Fredinah , Lundevaller Erling Häggström , Vikström Lotta 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Having children is a major life course event yet some disabilities could make it biologically challenging and some others could limit access to necessary socioeconomic resources. To date, there is relatively little data on disability and parental status and our study aims to investigate this relationship.Methods This longitudinal cohort study was based on register data obtained from all people born in Sweden from 1968 to 1970 (n=440,202). We performed descriptive analyses, graphical plots, logistic regression and Cox regression analyses. Results Our findings from both logistic regression and Cox regression indicated that individuals that started to receive disability benefits at an early age had reduced chances of having children during the follow-up duration. Men with disabilities were less likely to have children when compared to women with disabilities and to men and women without disabilities. Conclusions We found evidence that disability during early adulthood was associated with reduced chances of having children. Findings support policies and programmes aimed at promoting optimal health during early adulthood, as this would promote continued labour force participation, reduce early use of disability benefits and possibly improve chances of becoming a parent.
Non-timber forest products and climate change adaptation among forest-dependent communities in Bamboko forest reserve, southwest region of Cameroon
Authors: Nghogekeh Tieminie Robinson , Loh Chia Eugene , Chupezi Tieguhong Julius , Mayiadieh Nghobuoche Frankline , Mandiefe Piabuo Serge , Tieguhong Mamboh Rolland 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Forests are naturally endowed to combat climate change by protecting people and livelihoods as well as creating a base for sustainable economic and social development. But this natural mechanism is often hampered by anthropogenic activities. It is therefore imperative to take measures that are environmentally sustainable not only for mitigation but also for its adaptation. This study was carried out to assess the role of Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) as an adaptation strategy based on local perception to cope with the impacts of climate change among forest-dependent communities around the Bamkoko Forest Reserve in the South West Region of Cameroon. Methods: Datasets were collected through household questionnaires (20% of the population in each village that constitute the study site was a sample), participatory rural appraisal techniques, transect walks in the 4 corners of the Bamboko Forest Reserve with a square sample of 25 m2 x 25 m2 to identified and record NTFPs in the reserve, and direct field observations. ). Both qualitative and quantitative (statistics) methods were used to analyze the collected data.Results: A total of 18 plant species were identified as being harvested as Non-Timber Forest Products by the residents around Bamkoko Forest Reserve. The majority of the respondents (88%) perceived that there has been a change in climate patterns due to increased temperatures and unpredictable rainfalls. Eru was the most affected NTFPs with a standard deviation of 1.66799 and crops was the most affected livelihood activity by climate change around Bamboko Forest Reserve with a standard deviation of 1.20459 and local population used more than one strategy to cope with these adverse effects Conclusions: The study concluded that with the increasing climate change effects on crop production and other livelihoods, non-timber forest products still play a safety net role to assist communities. The need to ensure sustainable harvesting, improved processing, and access to non-timber forest products markets cannot be over-emphasized.