bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain imaging to assess early effects of successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy on left atrium mechanics
Authors: Sravan K Reddy N. , Ranjan Shetty K. , Sudhakar Rao M. , Sree Madhurya Reddy M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Global left atrial strain (LA) has been used as a novel assessment tool to evaluate left atrial function. However, not much has been investigated to study the effect of percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (BMV) in patients with rheumatic severe mitral stenosis on global LA strain. We studied the relationship between global left atrial (LA) strain and severe mitral stenosis and the effect of BMV on LA strain.

Results
A total of 29 patients satisfying the criteria for severe mitral stenosis underwent balloon mitral valvotomy (67% females; mean age, 39.53 ± 11.78 years). Global left atrial strain was assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography before and after valvuloplasty. Global LA strain was impaired in patients with severe mitral stenosis and improved 24–48 h following BMV (13.4 ± .75% vs 17.37 ± 6.95%, p < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in mitral mean gradient (MMG) (16.94 ± 6.62 mmHg vs 8.19 ± 4.01 mmHg, p < 0.001) and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) (47.84 ± 9.07 mmHg vs 36.88 ± 7.69 mmHg, p < 0.001) after BMV. Mitral valve area (MVA) (1.045 ± 0.17 cm2 vs 1.94 ± 0.22 cm2, p < 0.001) significantly increased after BMV. Results were compared with 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Conclusion
Global LA strain can be taken as an indicator of left atrial function, and its improvement following valvotomy may be taken as a good indicator of successful BMV.
The impact of the use of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds and drug-coated balloons in coronary bifurcation lesions
Authors: Elwany Mostafa , Zaki Amr , Latib Azeem , Testa Luca , Ielasi Alfonso , Piraino Davide , Geraci Salvatore , El Zawawy Tarek , Cortese Bernardo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Despite the improvement in techniques and tools, coronary lesions involving a bifurcation are still challenging and the outcome with drug-eluting stents is not always optimal. The role of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) and drug-coated balloons (DCB) in this setting has not been adequately investigated yet.

Results
From the databases of 6 italian centers with high proficiencies in newer technologies, we retrospectively collected all consecutive cases of coronary bifurcations managed or attempted with the implantation of at least one BVS in the main vessel and the use of one DCB in the side branch (SB). Primary study endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at the longest available follow-up. Fourty patients fulfilled the enrollment criterion, 22.5% had diabetes and 50% an acute coronary syndrome. Average syntax score was 15.04 ± 7.18, all lesions were de novo, and 27 patients (67.5%) had a type 1,1,1 Medina lesion. Twenty-three lesions (57.5%) involved the proximal left anterior-descending artery/first diagonal branch. Only 32.5% of patients underwent an intravascular imaging-guided angioplasty. Average lesion length was 21.4 mm in the main vessel and 11.49 mm in the SB. MV was always predilated and BVS received a postdilation in 100% of the cases. In 42.5% of the cases, the DCB was used during final kissing balloon inflation, and in no cases, a stent/BVS was required in the SB. Procedural success was achieved in 100% of the cases. After an average follow-up of 15.5 (± 11.5) months, we observed no MACE with only one case of target vessel revasularization (2.5%).

Conclusions
Management of coronary bifurcation lesions with the use of newer technologies including BVS and DCB seems feasible and effective at mid-term and long-term clinical follow-up.
Behavior rating and intelligence testing in primary school children exposed to multiple adverse experiences
Authors: Salah El-Din Ebtissam M. , Shehata Manal A. , El-Wakkad Amany , Ismail Somaia , Eid Ehab M. , El-Gebaly Howida H. , Elkhatib Alshimaa A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Early childhood frequent exposure to toxic stress such as abuse or neglect, parental substance abuse or parental mental illness, and violence can have a cumulative impact on the child’s mental health. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the association between frequent exposures to family-related adverse experiences and the development of behavioral and cognitive impairment in a random sample of Egyptian primary school children.

Results
Witnessing household member treated violently was the most prevalent adversity in 90.4% of the studied students, followed by emotional neglect in 88.6%. The highly exposed children were more likely to have below-average performance IQ, 2.5 times more than the exposed group (P = 0.03) [IQ score is considered average if it ranged 90–110 and below average if it ranged 70–89]. They were nearly 3 times at risk to develop behavioral problems (P = 0.003), 2.5 times more likely to develop attention deficit (P = 0.02), and nearly 5 times more likely to develop externalizing behavior (P < 0.001) than their peers.

Conclusion
Early exposure to adverse experiences increases the child’s vulnerability to attention deficit and externalizing behavior with negative impact on IQ scores especially performance IQ.
Assessment of the percentage of apparent diffusion coefficient value changes as an early indicator of the response of colorectal hepatic metastases to chemotherapy
Authors: El-Husseiny Nada Gamal , Mehana Sayed Mohamed , El Zawawy Sherif Farouk 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer is considered one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of DWI-MRI in predicting response to chemotherapy in this cohort.
The study included 30 lesions in 20 biopsy proven-colorectal cancer patients with hepatic metastasis larger than 1 cm. All patients underwent both triphasic CT with intravenous contrast, pre-chemotherapy MRI (axial T2 and DW sequences) which was repeated 21 days following chemotherapy. A follow-up CT was done 2 months later. The response of the lesions was evaluated using the RESCIST criteria. On MRI, the lesions corresponding to the ones chosen on CT were identified and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of pre- and post-chemotherapy images were recorded and correlated with the CT results.

Results
In the study, 17 (56.7%) of the lesions showed response to chemotherapy while 13 (43.3%) were non-responding. There was no significant difference in pretreatment ADC values between responding and non-responding lesions (p = 0.14). The mean percentage increase in ADC values in responding lesions was 42% compared to 18% in non-responding lesions (p < 0.001). Lesions that showed less than 18% increase were all found to be non-responsive

Conclusion
DWI-MRI has an emerging role in early assessment of early treatment response that can be detected before morphological response for patients with hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer. Based on our study, the use of 25 % as the cutoff point of percent difference in ADC for detection of non-responding lesions proved to be successful only 21 days after the 1st chemotherapy cycle.
T2* dynamic contrast enhanced MR perfusion for cervical cord lesions; does it work?
Authors: Abdelgawad Mohamed Saied , Reda Mohamed Ihab Samy , El-Maaboud Nermeen Abd El-Monsef Abd 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The goal of this work was to assess the value of magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion in narrowing the differential diagnosis of cord lesions.
Thirty eight patients with different cervical cord lesions were involved in this study. This includes 20 males and 18 females, ranging between 13 and 60 years old.
Conventional MR with T2W (axial and sagittal) and pre and post contrast T1W (axial and sagittal) in addition to the T2* MR perfusion sequence were done. The final diagnosis of cervical cord tumors was achieved by biopsy and histopathological diagnosis, while inflammatory lesions were proved by clinical, laboratory data and follow-up for six months.

Results
Neoplastic lesions were found in 13 patients, while 25 patients had inflammatory lesions. Relative cord/cerebral blood volume (rCBV) was significantly higher in neoplastic lesions when compared to non-neoplastic ones (2 ± 1.13 vs 1.01 ± 0.62), respectively. A cutoff value of 1.38 or higher has high sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 83% in differentiating between these lesions.

Conclusion
T2* is a valuable technique in differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic cervical cord lesions.
Comparison of 2D Fat Suppressed Proton Density (FS-PD) and 3D (WATS-c) MRI pulse sequences in evaluation of chondromalacia patellae
Authors: Tawfik Ahmed Ibrahim , Kamr Wael Hamza , Taman Saher Ebrahim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Comparing the diagnostic performance of widely used 2D FSE technique (fat-suppressed proton density; FS-PD) and the 3D technique (water-selective cartilage scan; WATS-c) in evaluation of the chondromalacia patella by using arthroscopy as reference standard

Results
Seventy-five adult patients were enrolled in this study. They underwent MRI examinations then arthroscopy done in 2–4 days after it. MRI was done using 2D (FS-PD) and 3D (WATS-c) sequences and MR images were compared by two radiologists separately, then grading of the cartilage lesions was performed according to modified Noyes grading system and comparison between grade 0–1, 2, and 3 lesions was done using arthroscopic findings as a reference. A false-negative result is considered if there was undergrading of chondromalacia and false-positive result if chondromalacia was overgraded. Each sequence sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy was calculated by both readers.
For reader 1, the sensitivity is 69% for WATS-c and 80% for FS-PD and the accuracy is 90% for WATS-c and 92% for FS-PD and for reader 2, the sensitivity is 56% for WATS-c and 84% for FS-PD and the accuracy is 88% for WATS-c and 94% for FS-PD.

Conclusion
2D FS-PD images showed better diagnostic performance than 3D WATS-c images for evaluating chondromalacia patella.
Revascularization of a specific angiosome for limb salvage: does the target artery matter?
Authors: Hendawy Khaled , Fatah Moustafa Abdel , Ismail Osman Aboelcibaa Osman , Ismail Osama , Essawy Mohamed G. , Kader Moustafa Abdel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo compare clinical outcomes and technical success when direct versus indirect revascularization was achieved after endovascular technique for critical limb ischemia patients with isolated below-the-knee lesions. Fifty patients were included, 34 male and 16 female, their age from 49 to 77 years (mean 63 ±16). All patients were subjected to infra-genicular angioplasty and divided into direct 28 (31 limbs) and indirect groups 22 (24 limbs). Antegrade approach through ipsilateral CFA was used in 48 patients, while retrograde approach through tibiopedal access was used in 2 patients. Diagnostic angiography was done for all cases and duplex ultrasound was used for follow-up.ResultsOne hundred thirty-two lesions were encountered, 46 in the ATA, 43 in PTA, 29 in peroneal artery, and 19 in dorsalis pedis artery. Transluminal approach was done in 47 limbs while subintimal cross was used in 8 limbs. After 1 year follow-up, AFS was 75% in the direct group and 67% in the indirect group. Freedom from MALE was 65% in the direct group and 55% in the indirect group. Freedom from MA was 86% in the direct group and 75% in the indirect group.ConclusionWhen there is a choice of target artery for revascularization, preference should be given to the artery directly feeding the wound’s angiosome.
Outcome of MC3 ring annuloplasty for moderate and severe functional tricuspid regurgitation associated with rheumatic mitral valve disease
Authors: Al-Elwany Shady Eid , Mubarak Yasser Shaban , Kamal Yasser Ali 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
To evaluate early and midterm outcomes of tricuspid ring annuloplasty using three-dimensional (3D) MC3 ring for treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) during mitral valve replacement for rheumatic valve disease.

Results
This prospective study included 105 patients who underwent repair for ≥ moderate tricuspid regurgitation (TR) during mitral valve replacement for rheumatic valve disease. Between January 2016 and December 2018, a group of 23 patients who underwent ring annuloplasty with Edward MC3 rings was compared to another group of 82 patients who underwent standard suture (DeVega) repair. The primary outcome was residual TR (≥ moderate TR). During an average follow-up period of 18.84 ± 9.90 months (range 3–33 months), the preoperative grade of TR improved significantly in both groups. The postoperative mean of TR in the MC3 group was significantly lower than that in the DeVega group (0.17 ± 0.49 versus 0.77 ± 0.93, P = 0.004). The rate of TR recurrence (≥ 2+ TR) was significantly higher after MC3 ring annuloplasty (4.3% versus 23.1%, P = 0.03). Freedom from mild TR was 30.5% in the DeVega group and 61% in the ring annuloplasty group (P = 0.007). Freedom from residual TR was 76.8% in the DeVega group and 95.7% in the ring annuloplasty group (P = 0.04).

Conclusions
The use of MC3 rings is a safe and effective alternative to DeVega repair for the management of FTR. However, further evaluation of long-term durability is recommended.
Toxicological evaluation of the leaves of Guiera senegalensis (J.F. Gme), Cassia occidentalis (Linn), and Ziziphus mauritiana (Lam)
Authors: Yahaya Tajudeen , Shehu Kasimu , Isah Hanan , Oladele Esther , Shemishere Ufuoma 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
There is a renewed global interest in plant-based medicine in the last few decades as a result of affordability and efficacy of the form of medicine. However, the safety of many medicinal plants and plant preparations has not been determined. To this end, this study determined the safety of the methanol extracts of the leaves of Guiera senegalensis, Cassia occidentalis, and Ziziphus mauritiana, which are plants commonly used in plant medicine in Africa.

Results
Phytochemistry of the plants’ extracts showed alkaloids were the most abundant phytochemical in the extracts, followed by tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and glycosides, respectively. All the rats behaved normally at doses up to 2000 mg kg−1, while at 3000 mg kg−1, rats in C. occidentalis group developed breathing problems. At 5000 mg kg−1, C. occidentalis group showed convulsion, whereas Z. mauritiana and G. senegalensis rats displayed temporary weakness. After 60-day dosing, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the liver enzymes (ALP, AST, ALT, TP, and ALB) of most of the test rats compared with the control. Kidney function test showed the Na+, K+, Cl−, urea, and creatinine of the test rats were reduced compared with the control, but only significant (p < 0.05) in a few of the parameters. Fatty metamorphosis, lymphocytic infiltration, and karyorrhexis were observed in the liver tissues of the treated rats, but not in the control.

Conclusion
These results show the plants are nontoxic at moderate doses, but could be injurious at high doses or if taken repeatedly for an extended period.
Is idiosyncratic risk ignored in asset pricing: Sri Lankan evidence?
Authors: Maiti Moinak 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present study focused on one of the important South Asian nations—Sri Lanka—to examine the role of idiosyncratic volatility in asset prices. A four-factor model with idiosyncratic volatility was designed for capturing the market, size, value and idiosyncratic risk yields better than Fama and French’s (J Financ Econ 33:3–56, 1993) three-factor model and performance of the model. Fama–MacBeth’s cross-sectional regression, residual graphs and GRS test all confirm the superiority of four-factor model over 2 three-factor models. For all MC- and IVOL-based portfolios, idiosyncratic volatility is negatively related to the expected returns and positively related for all PB-based portfolios. Finally, study findings confirm that there is a high importance for idiosyncratic volatility risk factor while considering investment decision in Colombo stock exchange. Hence, investor should compensate for holding such risk factors in the portfolio.
High levels of floridoside at high salinity link osmoadaptation with bleaching susceptibility in the cnidarian-algal endosymbiosis
Authors: Gegner Hagen M. , Rädecker Nils , Ochsenkühn Michael , Barreto Marcelle M. , Ziegler Maren , Reichert Jessica , Schubert Patrick , Wilke Thomas , Voolstra Christian R. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Coral reefs are in global decline mainly due to increasing sea surface temperatures triggering coral bleaching. Recently, high salinity has been linked to increased thermotolerance and decreased bleaching in the sea anemone coral model Aiptasia. However, the underlying processes remain elusive. Using two Aiptasia host­–endosymbiont pairings, we induced bleaching at different salinities and show reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) release at high salinities, suggesting a role of osmoadaptation in increased thermotolerance. A subsequent screening of osmolytes revealed that this effect was only observed in algal endosymbionts that produce 2-O-glycerol-α-D-galactopyranoside (floridoside), an osmolyte capable of scavenging ROS. This result argues for a mechanistic link between osmoadaptation and thermotolerance, mediated by ROS-scavenging osmolytes (e.g., floridoside). This sheds new light on the putative mechanisms underlying the remarkable thermotolerance of corals from water bodies with high salinity such as the Red Sea or Persian/Arabian Gulf and holds implications for coral thermotolerance under climate change.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Gender role in anxiety, depression and quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Kalsoom Ume 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To investigate gender role in quality of life, anxiety, and depression in chronic kidney disease patients. The study hypothesized that men will score high on depression and, anxiety and will score low on quality of life and perceived social support as compare to women
Methods: One hundred patients with chronic kidney diseases were selected using purposive sampling strategy from nephrology ward of Leady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. The participants were included both male (n=50) and female (n=50) ranging in age from 18-65 years (M=44.16, SD= 15.15) Patients were recruited on the basis of preset inclusion criteria i-e (willing to participat, could read, speak and understand urdu language, with no previous history of dialysis treatment) and exclusion criteria (Age > than 18, Previous psychiatric history, Diagnosis less than one year, Education less than high school). All participants completed Quality of Life Questionnaire, Anxiety and depression questionnaires.
Results: Statistical analysis of independent sample t-test shows significant difference of men and women on QOL t(98)=2.34, p=0.021), anxiety t(98)=4.23, p=0.001), and depression t(98)=4.54, p=0.001) while no significant gender differences were reported on perceived social support t(98)= 0.98, p= 0.327.
Conclusion: Male showed more depression, anxiety as compared to females while women reported poor quality of life as compared to men.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.869
How to cite this:Um-e-Kalsoom. Gender role in anxiety, depression and quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):251-254. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.869
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The effect of the addition of propolis to resin modified glass ionomer cement bracket adhesive materials on the growth inhibition zone of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Saputra Stefani Kristanti , Sutantyo Darmawan , Farmasyanti Cendrawasih Andusyana , Alhasyimi Ananto Ali 
Published: December 2019

Background: Orthodontic treatments progress alongside the development of adhesive materials. The aim of the present study was to determine the antibacterial properties of propolis, a natural product, in a mixture of resin modified glass ionomer cement by observing the growth inhibition zone of Streptococcus mutans. Methods: This was an in vitro study conducted on 45 samples of adhesive material, which were divided into three groups of propolis concentrations (0%, 15%, and 25%) and duration (0, 15, and 30 days). The antibacterial effect of each sample was evaluated against S. mutans using an agar plate diffusion test. Measurement of the diameter of the growth inhibition zone of S. mutans were carried out. The data obtained were analyzed statistically by Kruskal Wallis test. Results: There was a relationship between concentration and duration of propolis to the growth inhibition zone of S. mutans (p<0.05). The addition of 25% propolis concentration inhibited the growth of S. mutans more than the addition of 15% and 0% propolis concentration. The addition of 0%, 15%, and 25% propolis concentration to resin modified glass ionomer cement for 15 days was more effective in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans. Conclusion: The addition of propolis to adhesive materials provides an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans, which may be effective in the world of preventive dentistry.
An ethnographic study of improving data collection and completeness in large-scale data exercises
Authors: Dixon-Woods Mary , Campbell Anne , Aveling Emma-Louise , Martin Graham 
Published: December 2019

Background: Large-scale data collection is an increasingly prominent and influential feature of efforts to improve healthcare delivery, yet securing the involvement of clinical centres and ensuring data comprehensiveness often proves problematic. We explore how improvements in both data submission and completion rates were achieved during a crucial period of the evolution of two large-scale data exercises. Methods: As part of an evaluation of a quality improvement programme, we conducted an ethnographic study involving 90 interviews and 47 days of non-participant observation of two UK national clinical audits in a period before submission of data on adherence to clinical standards became mandatory. Results: Critical to the improvements in submission and completion rates in the two exercises were the efforts of clinical leaders to refigure “data work” as a professionalization strategy. Using a series of strategic manoeuvres, leaders constructed a cultural account that tied the fortunes of the healthcare professions to the submission of high-quality data, proposing that it would demonstrate responsibility, transparency, and alignment with the public interest. In so doing, clinical leadership deployed tactics that might have been seen as unwarranted managerial aggression had they been imposed by parties external to the profession. Many residual challenges were linked not to principled objection by clinicians, but to mundane problems and frustrations in obtaining, recording, and submitting data. The cultural framing of data work as a professional duty was important to resolving its status as an abject form of labour. Conclusions: Improving data quality in large-scale exercises is possible, but requires cooperation with clinical centres. Enabling professional leadership of data work may offer some significant advantages, but attention is also needed to mundane and highly consequential obstacles to participation in data collection.