bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Writing Micropatterns with a Resolution up to 1 µm
Authors: Zhang Kejie , Hu Binbin , Zhang Min , Meng Lili , Liu Huan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSolution processes have been widely used to fabricate micropatterned surfaces for its mild operation conditions. However, current approaches suffer from limitations of either low resolution or high cost. Here, a facile approach is proposed for direct writing micropatterns with a resolution up to ≈1 µm using a unit of triple conical fibers with the side‐by‐side parallel arrangement. With this unit, the resolution of the micropatterns can be mainly controlled by the single central conical fiber, with one side of the fiber facilitating continuous and steady liquid transfer onto the substrate and the other side mechanically supporting the whole unit. Particularly, the unit enables tunable dimension of the micropatterns within a rather large scale from ≈1 µm to ≈1.3 mm by varying the writing parameters (speed, height, and angle). Moreover, the unit is applicable for direct patterning various liquids, even into microline arrays, with a high resolution. It enables direct writing conductive microline with a width of ≈1 µm in a centimeter length scale, which can be used for constructing microcircuits. It is envisioned that the result offers a new perspective for preparing high‐resolution micropatterns using solution processes.
Synergistic Effect of Dual Ligands on Stable Blue Quasi‐2D Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jin Yan , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Yuan Shuai , Wang Qiang , Qin Chaochao , Wang Kai‐Li , Dong Chong , Li Meng , Liu Yufang , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSince the emergence of inorganic–organic hybrid perovskites a few years ago, there have been many promising achievements in the field of green and red perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Nevertheless, the performance of blue‐light PeLEDs faces challenges. In this work, the unique synergy obtained by introducing two different ligands to successfully form quasi‐2D perovskite films, which can exhibit stable blue‐light emission, is utilized. The fabricated PeLEDs have a maximum external quantum efficiency of 2.62% and a half lifetime (T50) of 8.8 min. Meanwhile, the electroluminescence spectrum with its peak located at 485 nm, demonstrates improved stability by applying different voltage bias. The finding in this work offers a new way to achieve steady blue PeLEDs with high performance.
Size‐Dependent EPR Effect of Polymeric Nanoparticles on Tumor Targeting
Authors: Kang Homan , Rho Sunghoon , Stiles Wesley R. , Hu Shuang , Baek Yoonji , Hwang Do Won , Kashiwagi Satoshi , Kim Moon Suk , Choi Hak Soo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPassive targeting of large nanoparticles by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is a crucial concept for solid tumor targeting in cancer nanomedicine. There is, however, a trade‐off between the long‐term blood circulation of nanoparticles and their nonspecific background tissue uptake. To define this size‐dependent EPR effect, near‐infrared fluorophore‐conjugated polyethylene glycols (PEG‐ZW800s; 1–60 kDa) are designed and their biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and renal clearance are evaluated in tumor‐bearing mice. The targeting efficiency of size‐variant PEG‐ZW800s is investigated in terms of tumor‐to‐background ratio (TBR). Interestingly, smaller sized PEGs (≤20 kDa, 12 nm) exhibit significant tumor targeting with minimum to no nonspecific uptakes, while larger sized PEGs (>20 kDa, 13 nm) accumulate highly in major organs, including the lungs, liver, and pancreas. Among those tested, 20 kDa PEG‐ZW800 exhibits the highest TBR, while excreting unbound molecules to the urinary bladder. This result lays a foundation for engineering tumor‐targeted nanoparticles and therapeutics based on the size‐dependent EPR effect.
Graphene/Half‐Metallic Heusler Alloy: A Novel Heterostructure toward High‐Performance Graphene Spintronic Devices
Authors: Li Songtian , Larionov Konstantin V. , Popov Zakhar I. , Watanabe Takahiro , Amemiya Kenta , Entani Shiro , Avramov Pavel V. , Sakuraba Yuya , Naramoto Hiroshi , Sorokin Pavel B. , Sakai Seiji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGraphene‐based vertical spin valves (SVs) are expected to offer a large magnetoresistance effect without impairing the electrical conductivity, which can pave the way for the next generation of high‐speed and low‐power‐consumption storage and memory technologies. However, the graphene‐based vertical SV has failed to prove its competence due to the lack of a graphene/ferromagnet heterostructure, which can provide highly efficient spin transport. Herein, the synthesis and spin‐dependent electronic properties of a novel heterostructure consisting of single‐layer graphene (SLG) and a half‐metallic Co2Fe(Ge0.5Ga0.5) (CFGG) Heusler alloy ferromagnet are reported. The growth of high‐quality SLG with complete coverage by ultrahigh‐vacuum chemical vapor deposition on a magnetron‐sputtered single‐crystalline CFGG thin film is demonstrated. The quasi‐free‐standing nature of SLG and robust magnetism of CFGG at the SLG/CFGG interface are revealed through depth‐resolved X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation results indicate that the inherent electronic properties of SLG and CFGG such as the linear Dirac band and half‐metallic band structure are preserved in the vicinity of the interface. These exciting findings suggest that the SLG/CFGG heterostructure possesses distinctive advantages over other reported graphene/ferromagnet heterostructures, for realizing effective transport of highly spin‐polarized electrons in graphene‐based vertical SV and other advanced spintronic devices.
Fast, 3D Isotropic Imaging of Whole Mouse Brain Using Multiangle‐Resolved Subvoxel SPIM
Authors: Nie Jun , Liu Sa , Yu Tingting , Li Yusha , Ping Junyu , Wan Peng , Zhao Fang , Huang Yujie , Mei Wei , Zeng Shaoqun , Zhu Dan , Fei Peng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe recent integration of light‐sheet microscopy and tissue‐clearing has facilitated an important alternative to conventional histological imaging approaches. However, the in toto cellular mapping of neural circuits throughout an intact mouse brain remains highly challenging, requiring complicated mechanical stitching, and suffering from anisotropic resolution insufficient for high‐quality reconstruction in 3D. Here, the use of a multiangle‐resolved subvoxel selective plane illumination microscope (Mars‐SPIM) is proposed to achieve high‐throughput imaging of whole mouse brain at isotropic cellular resolution. This light‐sheet imaging technique can computationally improve the spatial resolution over six times under a large field of view, eliminating the use of slow tile stitching. Furthermore, it can recover complete structural information of the sample from images subject to thick‐tissue scattering/attenuation. With Mars‐SPIM, a digital atlas of a cleared whole mouse brain (≈7 mm × 9.5 mm × 5 mm) can readily be obtained with an isotropic resolution of ≈2 µm (1 µm voxel) and a short acquisition time of 30 min. It provides an efficient way to implement system‐level cellular analysis, such as the mapping of different neuron populations and tracing of long‐distance neural projections over the entire brain. Mars‐SPIM is thus well suited for high‐throughput cell‐profiling phenotyping of brain and other mammalian organs.
Human height preferences as a function of population size in the Cook Islands and Norway
Authors: Sorokowski Piotr , Oleszkiewicz Anna , Sorokowska Agnieszka , Pisanski Katarzyna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesHeight preferences and mating patterns related to body size vary across cultures yet it remains unclear why such between‐population differences exist. Here, we test a hypothesis that nonrandom assortative mating is negative (mating with nonsimilar partners) in small isolated populations, and positive (mating with similar partners) in larger populations.MethodsWe compared preferences for sexual dimorphism in stature (SDS, male height/female height) among men and women living in small isolated communities (as few as 60 inhabitants) vs larger urban areas (as many as 70 000 inhabitants). To increase generalizability, data were collected from heterogeneous populations in the South Pacific (Rarotonga vs Palmerston, Cook Islands) and Northern Europe (capital city of Tromsø vs villages in the Troms County of Norway).ResultsNorwegians preferred a significantly larger difference in height between partners (median SDS ratio of 1.14) than did Cook Islanders (median SDS ratios of 1‐1.04). Indeed, while 30% of Cook Island men and women preferred a partner of the exact same height, this preference was observed among less than 3% of Norwegian men and 7% of Norwegian women. Critically, distributions in SDS preferences did not differ by sex or population size. Thus, rural and urban dwellers within both countries showed similar positive assortative preferences for height, wherein own height explained up to 62% of the variability in preferred partner height.ConclusionsOur results do not support negative assortative preferences in small‐scale communities, and further indicate that the “male‐taller norm,” while weaker among Cook Islanders than Europeans, is observed to some extent in the South Pacific.
Metastable Chiral Azobenzenes Stabilized in a Double Racemate
Authors: Mohan Amalu , Sasikumar Devika , Bhat Vinayak , Hariharan Mahesh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe self‐assembly of chiral organic chromophores is gaining huge significance due to the abundance of supramolecular chirality found in natural systems. We report an interdigitated molecular assembly involving axially chiral octabrominated perylenediimide (OBPDI) which transfers chiral information to achiral aromatic moieties. The crystalline two‐component assemblies of OBPDI and electron‐rich aromatic units were facilitated through π‐hole⋅⋅⋅π donor–acceptor interactions, and the charge‐transfer characteristics in the ground and excited states of the OBPDI cocrystals were established through spectroscopic and theoretical techniques. The OBPDI cocrystals entail a remarkable homochiral segregation of P and M enantiomers of both molecular entities in the same crystal system, leading to twisted double‐racemic arrangements. Synergistically engendered cavities with the stored chiral information of the twisted OBPDI stabilize higher‐energy P/M enantiomers oftrans‐azobenzene through non‐covalent interactions.
Isotopically Labeled Desthiobiotin Azide (isoDTB) Tags Enable Global Profiling of the Bacterial Cysteinome
Authors: Zanon Patrick R. A. , Lewald Lisa , Hacker Stephan M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRapid development of bacterial resistance has led to an urgent need to find new druggable targets for antibiotics. In this context, residue‐specific chemoproteomic approaches enable proteome‐wide identification of binding sites for covalent inhibitors. Described here are easily synthesized isotopically labeled desthiobiotin azide (isoDTB) tags that shortened the chemoproteomic workflow and allowed an increased coverage of cysteines in bacterial systems. They were used to quantify 59 % of all cysteines in essential proteins in Staphylococcus aureus and enabled the discovery of 88 cysteines that showed high reactivity, which correlates with functional importance. Furthermore, 268 cysteines that are engaged by covalent ligands were identified. Inhibition of HMG‐CoA synthase was verified and will allow addressing the bacterial mevalonate pathway through a new target. Overall, a broad map of the bacterial cysteinome was obtained, which will facilitate the development of antibiotics with novel modes‐of‐action.
Heterobifunctional Rotaxanes for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Pairault Noël , Zhu Hui , Jansen Dennis , Huber Alexander , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Grimme Stefan , Niemeyer Jochen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHeterobifunctional rotaxanes serve as efficient catalysts for the addition of malonates to Michael acceptors. We report a series of four different heterobifunctional rotaxanes, featuring an amine‐based thread and a chiral 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐phosphoric‐acid‐based macrocycle. High‐level DFT calculations provided mechanistic insights and enabled rational catalyst improvements, leading to interlocked catalysts that surpass their non‐interlocked counterparts in terms of reaction rates and stereoselectivities.
Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction Study of Pressure and Temperature‐Induced Spin Trapping in a Bistable Iron(II) Hofmann Framework
Authors: Turner Gemma F. , Campbell Fallyn , Moggach Stephen A. , Parsons Simon , Goeta Andrés E. , Muñoz M. Carmen , Real José A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh‐pressure single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction has been used to trap both the low‐spin (LS) and high‐spin (HS) states of the iron(II) Hofmann spin crossover framework, [FeII(pdm)(H2O)[Ag(CN)2]2⋅H2O, under identical experimental conditions, allowing the structural changes arising from the spin‐transition to be deconvoluted from previously reported thermal effects.
Electrochemical Access to Aza‐Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Rhoda‐Electrocatalyzed Domino Alkyne Annulations
Authors: Kong Wei‐Jun , Shen Zhigao , Finger Lars H. , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNitrogen‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (aza‐PAHs) have found broad applications in material sciences. Herein, a modular electrochemical synthesis of aza‐PAHs was developed via a rhodium‐catalyzed cascade C−H activation and alkyne annulation. A multifunctional O‐methylamidoxime enabled the high chemo‐ and regioselectivity. The isolation of two key rhodacyclic intermediates made it possible to delineate the exact order of three C−H activation steps. In addition, the metalla‐electrocatalyzed multiple C−H transformation is characterized by unique functional group tolerance, including highly reactive iodo and azido groups.
Effect of functionalized graphene oxide with phosphaphenanthrene and isocyanurate on flammability, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of epoxy composites
Authors: Shao Zhiheng , Wang Hongchao , Li Meng , Chen Ting , Xu Yiting , Yuan Conghui , Zeng Birong , Dai Lizong 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTMaleic anhydride, 9, 10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide, and 1, 3, 5‐triglycidyl isocyanurate functionalized graphene oxide (GO) was prepared in this paper. The resultant phosphorus‐nitrogen functionalized GO called GOMT was homogeneously dispersed and incorporated into diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A to prepare composites. The char residue of GOMT/EP composites increased and its LOI value increased to 28.1% with UL‐94 V‐1 rating.Tgof composite containing 1 phr GOMT increases to 165.6 °C, and the storage modulus of the sample with 3 phr GOMT was increased by 19% compared with pure EP. Furthermore, the elastic modulus and flexural strength of epoxy composite with 5 phr GOMT were increased by 17.9 and 26.7% at room temperature, respectively. Besides, the incorporation of GOMT into EP significantly reduces the PHRR and THR of the matrix. Therefore, the as‐designed GOMT not just obviously enhances the flame retardancy with low loading but raises the mechanical behavior and thermal stability of epoxy resins. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48761.
Retouched, rejuvenated, recycled and occasionally hafted as projectiles: stone points of Holocene Australia
Authors: MALONEY TIM RYAN 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTMacroscopic evidence for projectile use of stone points across the Kimberley region of northern Australia is examined using archaeological assemblages from the mid to late Holocene. There is scant evidence to support more than occasional projectile use. High rates of rejuvenation, recycling and continuous resharpening contribute to the low frequency of impact damage. The extent and location of edge damage, interpreted as probable use‐wear, is demonstrated to have distribution patterns consistent with multipurpose functions. Projectile use was merely one, albeit infrequent function of these versatile tools. This study uses use‐wear data to engage with technological organisation theory and discusses rates of use, resharpening, rejuvenation and recycling. Standardisation and an emphasis on maintainability provide the best explanation as to why people produced these tools during the Holocene.
The 2019 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for IgG4‐Related Disease
Authors: Wallace Zachary S. , Naden Ray P. , Chari Suresh , Choi Hyon , Della‐Torre Emanuel , Dicaire Jean‐Francois , Hart Phil A. , Inoue Dai , Kawano Mitsuhiro , Khosroshahi Arezou , Kubota Kensuke , Lanzillotta Marco , Okazaki Kazuichi , Perugino Cory A. , Sharma Amita , Saeki Takako , Sekiguchi Hiroshi , Schleinitz Nicolas , Stone James R. , Takahashi Naoki , Umehara Hisanori , Webster George , Zen Yoh , Stone John H. ,   for the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism IgG4‐Related Disease Classification Criteria Working Group
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveIgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) can cause fibroinflammatory lesions in nearly any organ. Correlation among clinical, serologic, radiologic, and pathologic data is required for diagnosis. This work was undertaken to develop and validate an international set of classification criteria for IgG4‐RD.MethodsAn international multispecialty group of 86 physicians was assembled by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR). Investigators used consensus exercises, existing literature, derivation and validation cohorts of 1,879 subjects (1,086 cases, 793 mimickers), and multicriterion decision analysis to identify, weight, and test potential classification criteria. Two independent validation cohorts were included.ResultsA 3‐step classification process was developed. First, it must be demonstrated that a potential IgG4‐RD case has involvement of at least 1 of 11 possible organs in a manner consistent with IgG4‐RD. Second, exclusion criteria consisting of a total of 32 clinical, serologic, radiologic, and pathologic items must be applied; the presence of any of these criteria eliminates the patient from IgG4‐RD classification. Third, 8 weighted inclusion criteria domains, addressing clinical findings, serologic results, radiology assessments, and pathology interpretations, are applied. In the first validation cohort, a threshold of 20 points had a specificity of 99.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 97.2–99.8%) and a sensitivity of 85.5% (95% CI 81.9–88.5%). In the second, the specificity was 97.8% (95% CI 93.7–99.2%) and the sensitivity was 82.0% (95% CI 77.0–86.1%). The criteria were shown to have robust test characteristics over a wide range of thresholds.ConclusionACR/EULAR classification criteria for IgG4‐RD have been developed and validated in a large cohort of patients. These criteria demonstrate excellent test performance and should contribute substantially to future clinical, epidemiologic, and basic science investigations.
Automatisierte AKR‐Prüfung im 60 °C‐Betonversuch
Authors: Krütt Enno , Wallau Wilma , Meng Birgit , Greim Markus , Pirskawetz Stephan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDer 60 °C‐Betonversuch ist eine in Deutschland und international verbreitete Methode, um die Empfindlichkeit von Gesteinskörnungen und Betonen hinsichtlich einer Alkali‐Kieselsäure‐Reaktion (AKR) zu prüfen. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine neu entwickelte, automatisierte Variante der Prüfmethode in einem Minireaktor vor. Dabei werden die Dehnungen von Betonprismen nicht wie beim konventionellen Test manuell, sondern automatisch in entsprechend ausgerüsteten Prüfbehältern gemessen. Neben einer Reduzierung des Messaufwands bringt die automatisierte Prüfung im Minireaktor weitere Vorteile. Die Dehnungssignale werden, anders als bei der konventionellen Messung, quasi kontinuierlich aufgezeichnet und bilden das Expansionsverhalten der Prismen detailliert ab. Außerdem bleiben Unterbrechungen der AKR‐provozierenden Lagerung aus, die bei der konventionellen Prüfung notwendig sind. Im Beitrag werden die automatisierte und konventionelle Prüfung anhand der Dehnungen von Prismen zweier Gesteinskörnungen verglichen. In Übereinstimmung mit vorhergehenden Untersuchungen sind im Minireaktor gemessene Dehnungen systematisch kleiner als manuell gemessene. Als mögliche Ursache werden Unterschiede im Auslaugverhalten experimentell untersucht. Zur Überprüfung der Einstufung der zwei Gesteinskörnungen erfolgen außerdem Referenzprüfungen in der Nebelkammerlagerung bei 40 °C.
Entwicklung und Anwendung der Ultraschalltechnik zur Qualitätssicherung von Beton
Authors: Große Christian U. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAus Anlass des 80. Geburtstags von Hans‐Wolf Reinhardt wird in diesem Beitrag eines der wichtigsten Messverfahren dargestellt, an dessen Entwicklung er maßgeblich beteiligt war – der Einsatz der Ultraschalltechnik zur Analyse von Frischbeton und zur Qualitätssicherung von Mörtel, Beton und Betonwaren. Zur Hervorhebung der Verdienste von Prof. Reinhardt wird die Entwicklung an der Universität Stuttgart zusammengefasst und einige unter seiner Leitung mit den entwickelten Messgeräten gewonnenen Ergebnisse präsentiert.Der Artikel zeigt zudem die Leistungsfähigkeit des Verfahrens und präsentiert einige neuere Anwendungsbeispiele. Ein Abschnitt ist dem internationalen Stand hinsichtlich Zusammenarbeit auf dem Gebiet gewidmet. Der Autor hofft, mit diesem Artikel weitere Wissenschaftler und Anwender für die Thematik zu interessieren, damit noch stärker als bisher das Verfahren Eingang in die Baupraxis erhält.
Convergence in Cold War Physics: Coinventing the Maser in the Postwar Soviet Union
Authors: da Silva Neto Climério Paulo , Kojevnikov Alexei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAt the height of the Cold War, in the 1950s, the process of parallel invention of masers and lasers took place on the opposing sides of the Iron Curtain. While the American part of the story has been investigated by historians in much penetrating detail, comparable Soviet developments were described more superficially. This study aims at, to some extent, repairing this discrepancy by analyzing the Soviet path towards the maser from a comparative angle. It identifies, on the one hand, significant differences between the two projects regarding their heuristics, the relationship between theory and experiment, grounding in different academic cultures, and the resulting conceptualization of the maser principle. At the same time, the case also illustrates more fundamental transformations in the practices of postwar research that can be characterized as a convergence between the Soviet and the American science of the period.
Photo‐crosslinking: An Emerging Chemical Tool for Investigating Molecular Networks in Live Cells
Authors: Mishra Pratyush Kumar , Yoo Chang‐Mo , Hong Eunmi , Rhee Hyun Woo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStudying protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is useful for understanding cellular functions and mechanisms. Evaluating these PPIs under conditions as similar as possible to native conditions can be achieved using photo‐crosslinking methods because of their on‐demand ability to generate reactive species in situ by irradiation with UV light. Various fusion tag, metabolic incorporation, and amber codon suppression approaches using various crosslinkers containing aryl azide, benzophenone, and diazirines have been applied in live cells. Mass spectrometry and immunological techniques are used to identify crosslinked proteins based on their capture transient and context‐dependent interactions. Herein we discuss various incorporation methods and crosslinkers that have been used for interactome mapping in live cells.