bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower serum albumin level is associated with increased risk of hospital admission and length of stay in hospital among incident hemodialysis patients by using overdispersed model
Authors: Uludag Koray , Boz Gulsah , Gunal Ali Ihsan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSerum albumin is a major determinant of hospitalization in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Previous reports generally use the Poisson model to evaluate the relationships between outcome and response variables. However, hospitalization data are often overdispersed, and few studies using appropriate methods exist in the literature.This retrospective cohort study included 426 patients with ESRD receiving hemodialysis treatment between 2014 and 2018. Using a negative binomial regression model with hierarchical multivariable adjustments, we investigated the relationship between serum albumin, hospital admissions, and total hospitalization days. Mean age and mean baseline serum albumin levels were 64.7 ± 11 years and 3.5 ± 0.5 g/dL, respectively. At least one hospitalization was identified in 402 (94%) patients. The incidence rate was 1.48 (95% CI, 1.41‐1.56) admissions per patient‐year during the follow‐up period of 5 years. A negative linear association was observed between serum albumin and hospitalization frequency. Hospitalization rates (95% CI) were 1.81 (1.65‐1.98), 1.44 (1.3‐1.59), 1.36 (1.22‐1.51), and 1.33 (1.2‐1.48) per patient‐year in serum albumin levels ≤3, 3.1 to ≤3.3, 3.4 to ≤3.7, and ≥3.8 g/dL, respectively. Case mix‐adjusted incidence rate ratio was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.70‐0.94), while it was robust to further adjustments for malnutrition and inflammation markers. Similar results were observed in hospitalization days and time to the first hospitalization. These findings, which result from the negative binomial model using overdispersed data, suggest that lower serum albumin is related to increased hospitalization rates and hospital days in incident hemodialysis patients.
Thermal Regimes of Perennial Rivers and Streams in the Western United States
Authors: Isaak Daniel J. , Luce Charles H. , Horan Dona L. , Chandler Gwynne L. , Wollrab Sherry P. , Dubois William B. , Nagel David E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThermal regimes of rivers and streams profoundly affect aquatic ecosystems, but are poorly described and classified in many areas due to the limited availability of annual datasets from extensive and representative monitoring networks. By mining a new temperature database composed of >23,000 site records that spans the western United States (U.S.), we extract annual monitoring records at 578 sites on perennial streams to describe regimes in this diverse region. Records were summarized using 34 metrics that described regime aspects related to magnitude, variation, frequency, duration, and timing. The metrics were used in a multivariate cluster analysis to classify streams into seven distinct regime types and in a principal components analysis (PCA) to examine patterns of redundancy among metrics. The PCA indicated that 2–5 orthogonal PC axes accounted for 74%–89% of the variation in thermal regimes at the monitoring sites. Most of the variation in PC scores that defined the two dominant axes was in turn predictable from a suite of geospatial covariates in multiple linear regressions that included elevation, latitude, riparian canopy density, reach slope, precipitation, lake prevalence, and dam height. Our results have parallels to previous flow regime analyses that describe the utility of small numbers of PCs or allied metrics in regime characterization, and can be used to better understand and parsimoniously represent thermal regimes in the western U.S.
On the relationship of fractal geometry and tree–stand metrics on point clouds derived from terrestrial laser scanning
Authors: Guzmán Q. J. Antonio , Sharp Iain , Alencastro Felipe , Sánchez‐Azofeifa G. Arturo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Fractals have been widely used to determine bifurcation patterns in trees or to analyse the homeostasis of the development of plants to different environments. In a few instances, fractals have been used to predict tree or stand metrics. Here, we explore the use of fractal geometry based on the voxel‐counting method (VC) to predict tree and stands metrics on point clouds derived from terrestrial laser scanning. This was explored using 189 leaf‐on and leaf‐off point clouds from seven databases around the world.

Four metrics were estimated at the tree level: height, diameter at breast height, crown area and tree volume. At the stand level, artificial stands were created by adding trees to a given plot, and then the basal area, stand volume and area coverage by crowns were estimated. The VC was applied to trees or stands creating voxels of different volumes (S) while counting the number of voxels (N) required to fill it. Log–log relationships between N and 1/S were used to estimate the fractal dimension (dMB) and the interceptMB.

At the tree level, the interceptMB shows a stronger relationship with metrics for leaf‐on (r2 = 0.26‒0.90) and leaf‐off point clouds (r2 = 0.18‒0.87) than dMB (r2 < 0.34); however, dMB seems to describe better the complexity embedded within leaf‐on/leaf‐off point clouds. The predictions by the interceptMB are affected by the presence/absence of leaves, but less affected by the random effects of the databases. At the stand level, both fractal geometry parameters (interceptMB and dMB) tend to predict the variability of stand metrics (r2 = 0.61‒0.98).

The estimation of tree and stand metrics based on fractal geometry equations can be considered a fast approach for predicting irregular structures. Using fractals on point clouds also allows us to understand the structural complexity of how trees or stands occupy their 3D space. This complexity can be further used as a structural trait of trees or forest ecosystems. Fractal geometry equations can also help towards the development of large‐scale biomass maps at different ecosystems.
Chronic Alcohol Consumption Exacerbates the Severity of Psoriasiform Dermatitis in Mice
Authors: Vasseur Philippe , Pohin Mathilde , Gisclard Coralie , Jégou Jean‐François , Morel Franck , Silvain Christine , Lecron Jean‐Claude 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundA relationship between alcohol consumption and psoriasis has been reported, but it is unclear whether alcohol consumption aggravates psoriasis. Here, we studied the effect of chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption in the murine model of Aldara‐induced psoriasiform dermatitis.MethodsC57BL/6 mice received 5% EtOH in their drinking water for 10 weeks. Dermatitis was induced from weeks 9 to 10, by applying Aldara to the shaved patch of skin on the back. Inflammation was characterized by histological and transcriptomic analyses.ResultsEtOH consumption aggravated Aldara‐induced dermatitis. The scales were more severe, epidermal thickening was more pronounced, and cutaneous expression of Th17‐related cytokines was exacerbated. Control mice simply receiving EtOH displayed minimal cutaneous inflammation, characterized by epidermal infiltrates of T lymphocytes and the overexpression of IL‐17A and the Th17‐recruiting chemokine CCL20. In vitro studies showed that low concentrations of EtOH induce the expression of CCL20 by murine epidermal keratinocytes.ConclusionAlcohol consumption leads to subliminar skin inflammation, which is revealed by the exacerbation of Aldara‐induced experimental psoriasiform dermatitis, likely through Th17‐type minimal skin inflammation. These results favor the systematic management of alcohol consumption in psoriatic patients.
Trend and distribution of coronal dental caries in Australians adults
Authors: Peres Karen G , Ha Diep H , Christofis Sofia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo report the experience of coronal dental caries in the Australian adult population.MethodsDentate people aged 15 years and over were online or telephone interviewed, and dental examined (n = 5022). The number of decay, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) were recorded. Independent variables were demographic, socioeconomic conditions and dental care characteristics. Proportions of DMFS >0, average DMFS and its components were calculated.ResultsOverall, 32.1% had decayed surfaces, with a higher proportion found in males (34.7%) and 40% higher in those living in remote areas than in those living in major city and regional areas. The prevalence of decayed surfaces varied from 37.4% (lowest income group) to 25.0% (highest income group). The mean number of decayed surfaces was three times higher in the lowest income group compared to the highest one. Uninsured people had a higher prevalence of decayed surfaces and lower mean of filling surfaces than insured group. Participants with an unfavourable pattern of dental visiting had two times higher prevalence of decay than their counterparts. Overall, three quarters (77.4%) had at least one filling in their permanent dentition. This percentage increased from 61.6% among 15–34 year olds, to 88.0% among those aged 55–74 years.ConclusionSocioeconomic inequalities in caries experience persist in Australia.
Effects of bleaching gel containing TiO2 and chitosan on tooth surface roughness, microhardness and colour
Authors: Kolsuz Ozcetin H , Surmelioglu D 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of an experimental bleaching gel made with TiO2 and chitosan, along with the Opalescence Boost PF and Philips Zoom bleaching agents, on tooth surface roughness, microhardness and colour.Materials and MethodsThe experimental gel, containing 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP), was evaluated against the two existing treatments, which incorporate 40% and 25% HP. For colour evaluation, 36 human premolar teeth were divided into three groups (n = 12). For surface roughness and microhardness evaluation, 72 bovine incisor samples were divided into six groups (n = 12). Data on colour alteration were analysed with the CIEDE2000 formula. Surface roughness was measured using a profilometer, and microhardness was measured with a Vickers hardness tester. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences among the groups for surface roughness, microhardness values or colour change after bleaching (P > 0.05). The lowest bleaching efficacy was observed for the 40% HP agent, and the highest efficacy was observed for the 25% HP agent (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAn experimental 6% HP gel containing TiO2 and chitosan provided effective bleaching without adverse effects on tooth surface roughness or microhardness. The use of TiO2 with chitosan can provide clinicians with positive results.
The Dutch well child language screening protocol for 2‐year‐old children was valid for detecting current and later language problems
Authors: Visser‐Bochane Margot , Luinge Margreet , Dieleman Liesbeth , van der Schans Cees , Reijneveld Sijmen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimA little is known about predictive validity of and professionals' adherence to language screening protocols. This study assessed the concurrent and predictive validity of the Dutch well child language screening protocol for 2‐year‐old children and the effects of protocol deviations by professionals.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 124 children recruited and tested between October 2013 and December 2015. Children were recruited from four well child clinics in urban and rural areas. To validate the screening, we assessed children's language ability with standardised language tests following the 2‐year screening and 1 year later. We assessed the concurrent and predictive validity of the screening and of protocol deviations.ResultsAt 2 years, the sensitivity and specificity of the language screening were 0.79 and 0.86, and at 3 years 0.82 and 0.74, respectively. Protocol deviations by professionals were rare (7%) and did not significantly affect the validity of the screening.ConclusionThe language screening protocol was valid for detecting current and later language problems. Deviations from the protocol by professionals were rare and did not affect the concurrent nor predictive validity of the protocol. The 2‐year language screening supports professionals working in preventive child health care and deserves wider implementation in well child care.
Ibuprofen in needle procedures in children with cancer—A feasibility and pilot study
Authors: Kamsvåg Tove , Hedén Lena , von Essen Louise , Ljungman Gustaf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the feasibility, and perform a pilot study, of a randomised clinical trial, investigating whether children experience less pain, fear and/or distress when they receive oral ibuprofen vs placebo before a needle is inserted in a subcutaneously implanted intravenous port.MethodsTwenty‐three children were included consecutively and randomised to either oral ibuprofen (n = 12) 7.5 mg/kg body weight or placebo (n = 11). The child's pain, fear and distress were reported by parents, nurses and the children (if ≥7 years of age). Feasibility criteria were defined as (a) ≥4 children included/month, (b) ≥80% of eligible patients agreed to participate, (c) >90% treated according to protocol, (d) <5% missing data, (e) s‐cortisol samples analysed in ≥90% of the children.ResultsAll feasibility criteria were met except recruitment and consent. Parents, nurses and children reported no trend of benefit of oral ibuprofen with regard to pain, fear and distress compared with placebo.ConclusionThe study failed to meet important feasibility criteria and was closed due to low recruitment rate and absence of trend of effect. From this data, we cannot state that ibuprofen is not helpful in needle procedures but that it seems unlikely.
All‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in microscopic colitis: a Danish nationwide matched cohort study
Authors: Nyboe Andersen Nynne , Munck Lars Kristian , Hansen Susanne , Jess Tine , Wildt Signe 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe long‐term natural history of microscopic colitis remains uncertain.AimTo describe the mortality in a large unselected cohort of patients with microscopic colitis.MethodsAll Danish patients above 18 years with an incident diagnosis of microscopic colitis from 2001 to 2018 were identified from nationwide registries and compared to age‐ and sex‐matched controls (variable 1:10 ratio). Patients were categorised according to subtypes: lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis. The relative risk of death by any cause was analysed with Cox regression models estimating both crude and comorbidity‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Cause‐specific death was evaluated with cumulative incidence functions. An E‐value was calculated to address the impact of unmeasured confounding.ResultsThe final cohort consisted of 14 024 patients with microscopic colitis. The mean follow‐up was 5.8 (standard deviation SD, 2.9) years and the mean age at diagnosis was 61.1 (SD 13.9) years, 70% were women and 41% were diagnosed with lymphocytic colitis. The main results showed a 25% increased risk of all‐cause death in patients with microscopic colitis; however, the relative risk was attenuated to 9% when adjusting for comorbidities (95% CI, 1.05‐1.14). The E‐value indicates that unmeasured confounding could explain the residual observed increased all‐cause mortality. Mortality was significantly increased in patients with both lymphocytic colitis (HR 1.15; 95% CI, 1.08‐1.23) and collagenous colitis (HR 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.12) in fully adjusted analyses. The absolute difference in death between patients with microscopic colitis and matches was 0.9% at 1 year, 2.8% at 5 years, 5.0% at 10 years and 3.0% at 15 years. Cumulative incidence functions showed that patients with microscopic colitis were more likely to die due to smoking‐related diseases including ischemic heart and lung diseases, but had a significant decreased risk of death due to colorectal cancers (P < 0.0001).ConclusionIn an unselected large nationwide cohort of patients with microscopic colitis, the risk of death was significantly increased compared to the background population. However, the increased mortality seemed to be associated to a high burden of comorbidities and unmeasured life‐style factors including smoking and not microscopic colitis per se.
Short‐term outcome of adrenalectomy in dogs with adrenal gland tumours that did not receive pre‐operative medical management
Authors: Appelgrein C , Hosgood G , Drynan E , Nesbitt A 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveReview medical records of dogs that underwent adrenalectomy without pre‐operative medical management, to examine the peri‐operative morbidity and mortality.DesignCase series of 65 dogs.MethodsMedical records were reviewed. Features recorded included the histologic diagnosis, intra‐operative hypertension or tachycardia, requirement for cavotomy, administration of intra‐ and post‐operative corticosteroids, performance of additional surgery and the occurrence of peri‐operative complications. Dogs requiring emergency surgery were excluded.ResultsOf the 65 dogs, 49 had adrenocortical tumours (11 bilateral), 13 had pheochromocytomas (one bilateral) and three dogs had tumours in both adrenal glands of a different tumour type. Five dogs had caudal vena cava invasion and 33 had additional procedures performed at the same time. Mortality occurred in 1/65 dogs (1.5%; 95% CI 0.03%–8.2%), major complications were identified in 1/65 dogs (1.5%; 95% CI 0.03%–8.2%) and minor complications occurred in 10/53 dogs (15%; 95% CI 8.6%–26%).ConclusionBased on the limited peri‐operative complications and low mortality in this pre‐operatively untreated cohort, and based on critique of the available literature, the added value afforded by pre‐operative treatment is questioned. With appropriate management, adrenal tumours can be removed with few peri‐operative complications and low mortality.
A group intervention incorporating mindfulness‐informed techniques and relaxation strategies for individuals with learning disabilities
Authors: Jones Serena Anusha , Finch Moyra 
Published: June 2020

Accessible Summary

This paper reflects on a group for adults with learning disabilities.

The group taught the adults some mindfulness‐informed and relaxation techniques.

These techniques can help when people feel angry, anxious or upset.

The adults provided really useful comments that will help us when we plan future groups.

AbstractBackgroundMindfulness‐informed interventions are increasingly being offered to individuals with learning disabilities. The current paper aims to reflect on the provision and effectiveness of a group intervention incorporating mindfulness‐informed techniques and relaxation strategies.MethodNine group attendees with mild learning disabilities were invited to attend the 8‐week group intervention, incorporating mindfulness‐informed techniques and relaxation strategies. The Glasgow Anxiety Scale for Intellectual Disabilities (GAS‐ID) and the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale—Revised (CAMS‐R) were used as a pre‐ and post‐measure, to evaluate the effectiveness of the group intervention.ResultsThe mean scores from the above measures revealed a decrease in anxiety symptoms and an increase in mindful qualities. Qualitative data gathered post‐intervention, illustrated reductions in challenging behaviour, greater use of the techniques learned and social benefits of participating in the group. A need for a training session for carers and family members was recommended as beneficial to support and assist the individuals to consolidate the techniques learned.ConclusionsMindfulness‐informed techniques and relaxation strategies are useful tools that can be adapted for individuals with learning disabilities to yield positive outcomes. However, further research to contribute to this evidence base is required. Recommendations for future practice are also identified.
A Zika virus primary isolate induces neuroinflammation, compromises the blood‐brain barrier and upregulates CXCL12 in adult macaques
Authors: Panganiban Antonito T. , Blair Robert V. , Hattler Julian B. , Bohannon Diana G. , Bonaldo Myrna C. , Schouest Blake , Maness Nicholas J. , Kim Woong‐Ki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that can cause neuropathogenesis in adults and fetal neurologic malformation following the infection of pregnant women. We used a nonhuman primate model, the Indian‐origin Rhesus macaque (IRM), to gain insight into virus‐associated hallmarks of ZIKV‐induced adult neuropathology. We find that the virus causes prevalent acute and chronic neuroinflammation and chronic disruption of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) in adult animals. ZIKV infection resulted in specific short‐ and long‐term augmented expression of the chemokine CXCL12 in the central nervous system (CNS)of adult IRMs. Moreover, CXCL12 expression persists long after the initial viral infection is apparently cleared. CXCL12 plays a key role both in regulating lymphocyte trafficking through the BBB to the CNS and in mediating repair of damaged neural tissue including remyelination. Understanding how CXCL12 expression is controlled will likely be of central importance in the definition of ZIKV‐associated neuropathology in adults.
The role of complement in arterial hypertension and hypertensive end organ damage
Authors: Wenzel Ulrich O. , Kemper Claudia , Bode Marlies 
Published: June 2020

Increasing evidence indicates that hypertension and hypertensive end organ damage are not only mediated by haemodynamic injury but that inflammation also plays an important role. The complement system protects the host from a hostile microbial environment and maintains tissue and cell integrity through the elimination of altered or dead cells. As an important effector arm of innate immunity, it plays also central roles in the regulation of adaptive immunity. Thus, complement activation may drive the pathology of hypertension through its effects on innate and adaptive immune responses, aside from direct effects on the vasculature. Recent experimental data strongly support a role for complement in all stages of arterial hypertension. The remarkably similar clinical and histopathological features of malignant nephrosclerosis and atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome suggest also a role for complement in the development of malignant nephrosclerosis. Here, we review the role of complement in hypertension and hypertensive end organ damage.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on Canonical and non‐canonical functions of the complement system in health and disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.14/issuetoc