bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow of Antarctic Bottom water from the Vema Channel
Authors: Morozov Eugene G. , Frey Dmitry I. , Tarakanov Roman Y. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We analyze measurements of bottom currents and thermohaline properties of water north of the Vema Channel with the goal to find pathway continuations of Antarctic Bottom Water flow from the Vema Channel into the Brazil Basin. The analysis is based on CTD/LADCP casts north of the Vema Channel. The flow in the deep Vema Channel consists of two branches. The deepest current flows along the bottom in the center of the channel and the other branch flows above the western wall of the channel. We found two smaller channels of the northern continuation of the deeper bottom flow. These flows become weak and almost disappear at a latitude of 25° 30′ S. The upper current flows at a depth of 4100–4200 m along the continental slope. We traced this current up to 24° S over a distance exceeding 250 km. This branch transports bottom water that eventually fills the deep basins of the North Atlantic.
A pilot randomised controlled trial of a web-based implementation intervention to increase child intake of fruit and vegetables within childcare centres
Authors: Barnes Courtney , Grady Alice , Nathan Nicole , Wolfenden Luke , Pond Nicole , McFayden Tameka , Ward Dianne S. , Vaughn Amber E. , Yoong Sze Lin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs dietary behaviours developed during early childhood are known to track into adulthood, interventions that aim to improve child nutrition at a population level are recommended. Whilst early childhood education and care (ECEC) is a promising setting for interventions targeting children’s nutrition behaviours, previous interventions have largely used high intensity, face-to-face approaches, limiting their reach, implementation and potential impact at a population level. Web-based modalities represent a promising means of supporting the delivery of childcare-based interventions whilst overcoming challenges of previous approaches; however, the feasibility of using such modalities to support implementation is largely unknown. As such, this study sought to collect feasibility and pilot data to inform the design of a web-based intervention together with health promotion officer support within childcare centres. Child dietary intake will also be assessed to provide an estimate of the impact of the implementation intervention.MethodsA superiority cluster randomised controlled trial with repeat cross-sectional data collection employing an effectiveness-implementation type-II hybrid design will be conducted with childcare centres within the Hunter New England region of New South Wales, Australia. Type-II hybrid designs provide the opportunity to assess intervention efficacy whilst piloting the feasibility of the implementation strategies. Centres allocated to the intervention group will receive access to a web-based program together with health promotion officer support to implement targeted healthy eating practices to improve child diet in care. A number of outcomes will be assessed to inform the feasibility to conduct a larger trial, including childcare centre and parent recruitment and consent rates for each component of data collection, uptake of the implementation strategies, acceptability of the intervention and implementation strategies, appropriateness of the implementation strategies and the contextual factors influencing implementation.DiscussionThis study will provide high-quality evidence regarding the potential feasibility of a web-based intervention and the impact of healthy eating practices on child diet in care. Web-based modalities provide a promising approach for population-wide implementation support to childcare centres given their potential reach and consistency with existing infrastructure.Trial registrationProspectively registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12619001158156).
Clinical management of patients with Cushing syndrome treated with mifepristone: consensus recommendations
Authors: Brown David R. , East Honey E. , Eilerman Bradley S. , Gordon Murray B. , King Elizabeth E. , Knecht Laura A. , Salke Brandon , Samson Susan L. , Yuen Kevin C. J. , Yau Hanford 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile surgery is the first-line treatment for patients with endogenous hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome [CS]), mifepristone has been shown to be a beneficial medical treatment option, as demonstrated in the SEISMIC (Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Mifepristone in the Treatment of Endogenous Cushing Syndrome) trial. Mifepristone is a competitive glucocorticoid receptor antagonist and progesterone receptor antagonist that is associated with several treatment effects and adverse events that clinicians need to be aware of when considering its use. The objective of this review was to provide updated clinical management recommendations for patients with CS treated with mifepristone.MethodsA panel of endocrinologists from the US with extensive experience in treating patients with CS, including with mifepristone, convened as part of a clinical advisory board to develop a consensus on the practical, real-world clinical management of patients on mifepristone.ResultsComprehensive considerations and recommendations are provided for managing mifepristone-associated effects, including symptoms of cortisol withdrawal, hypokalemia, and change in thyroid function; effects related to its antiprogesterone activity; and rash. Additional management strategies to address concomitant medications and special clinical situations, such as surgery and use in specific populations, are also provided.ConclusionSafe and effective use of mifepristone requires clinical judgment and close patient monitoring to ensure optimal clinical outcomes. These consensus recommendations provide useful, practical guidance to clinicians using mifepristone.
Developing inhaled protein therapeutics for lung diseases
Authors: Matthews Abigail A. , Ee Pui Lai Rachel , Ge Ruowen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Biologic therapeutics such as protein/polypeptide drugs are conventionally administered systemically via intravenous injection for the treatment of diseases including lung diseases, although this approach leads to low target site accumulation and the potential risk for systemic side effects. In comparison, topical delivery of protein drugs to the lung via inhalation is deemed to be a more effective approach for lung diseases, as proteins would directly reach the target in the lung while exhibiting poor diffusion into the systemic circulation, leading to higher lung drug retention and efficacy while minimising toxicity to other organs. This review examines the important considerations and challenges in designing an inhaled protein therapeutics for local lung delivery: the choice of inhalation device, structural changes affecting drug deposition in diseased lungs, clearance mechanisms affecting an inhaled protein drug’s lung accumulation, protein stability, and immunogenicity. Possible approaches to overcoming these issues will also be discussed.
Neurological examination: what do psychiatrists need to know?
Authors: Larner Andrew J. , Welch Killian A. , Carson Alan J. 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYPsychiatrists may be daunted by the prospect of undertaking a neurological examination. In this article we briefly review the neurological signs that may be seen in the context of some common neurological disorders of cognition and movement which may present with neurobehavioural symptoms and therefore may be seen initially by psychiatrists. This approach emphasises that neurological examination is not simply an operationalised procedure but an interpretative process. We propose a minimum neurological examination suitable for use by psychiatrists. Many of the signs included are relatively simple to observe or elicit, require no special equipment, and the examination techniques involved are easy to master.
Multiomic Integration of Public Oncology Databases in Bioconductor
Authors: Ramos Marcel , Geistlinger Ludwig , Oh Sehyun , Schiffer Lucas , Azhar Rimsha , Kodali Hanish , de Bruijn Ino , Gao Jianjiong , Carey Vincent J. , Morgan Martin , Waldron Levi 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSEInvestigations of the molecular basis for the development, progression, and treatment of cancer increasingly use complementary genomic assays to gather multiomic data, but management and analysis of such data remain complex. The cBioPortal for cancer genomics currently provides multiomic data from > 260 public studies, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data sets, but integration of different data types remains challenging and error prone for computational methods and tools using these resources. Recent advances in data infrastructure within the Bioconductor project enable a novel and powerful approach to creating fully integrated representations of these multiomic, pan-cancer databases.METHODSWe provide a set of R/Bioconductor packages for working with TCGA legacy data and cBioPortal data, with special considerations for loading time; efficient representations in and out of memory; analysis platform; and an integrative framework, such as MultiAssayExperiment. Large methylation data sets are provided through out-of-memory data representation to provide responsive loading times and analysis capabilities on machines with limited memory.RESULTSWe developed the curatedTCGAData and cBioPortalData R/Bioconductor packages to provide integrated multiomic data sets from the TCGA legacy database and the cBioPortal web application programming interface using the MultiAssayExperiment data structure. This suite of tools provides coordination of diverse experimental assays with clinicopathological data with minimal data management burden, as demonstrated through several greatly simplified multiomic and pan-cancer analyses.CONCLUSIONThese integrated representations enable analysts and tool developers to apply general statistical and plotting methods to extensive multiomic data through user-friendly commands and documented examples.
Newborn Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism: the Benefit of Using Differential TSH Cutoffs in a 2-Screen Program
Authors: Caiulo Silvana , Corbetta Carlo , Di Frenna Marianna , Medda Emanuela , De Angelis Simona , Rotondi Daniela , Vincenzi Gaia , de Filippis Tiziana , Patricelli Maria Grazia , Persani Luca , Barera Graziano , Weber Giovanna , Olivieri Antonella , Vigone Maria Cristina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
Analysis of a 2-screen program for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) was performed using differential dried-blood spot thyrotropin (bTSH) cutoffs of 10 mU/L at first screening (all infants) and 5 mU/L at second screening (selected infants).

Objectives
This work aimed to characterize CH infants identified by the second screening and compare infants with bTSH of 5.0 to 9.9 and 10 mU/L or greater on second screening.

Design and Patients
Maternal and neonatal clinical features were retrospectively analyzed for 119 CH babies detected on the second screen in the Lombardy region of Italy, 2007 to 2014.

Results
Fifty-two (43.7%) of the 119 CH neonates showed bTSH values ranging from 5.0 to 9.9 mU/L at the second screening (low bTSH group) and 67 (56.3%) bTSH of 10.0 mU/L or greater (high bTSH group). The frequency of thyroid dysgenesis and eutopic gland was similar in both groups, as was the frequency of permanent and transient CH. Moreover, a high frequency of extrathyroidal malformations was found in both groups. The percentage of preterm infants (57.7% vs 23.9%, P &lt; .001) and infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (50.0% vs 17.9%, P &lt; .001) was significantly higher in the low vs the high bTSH group. In addition, maternal treatment with glucocorticoids in pregnancy was significantly more frequent in the low bTSH group than in the high bTSH group (11.5% vs 1.5%, P = .042), as well as maternal hypothyroidism and/or goiter (26.9% vs 10.4%, P = .036).

Conclusions
This study has demonstrated that a lower TSH cutoff at the second screening can detect additional cases of CH and that a second bTSH cutoff of 5.0 mU/L is appropriate for identifying preterm newborns and babies with associated risk factors.
Allosterically Coupled Multisite Binding of Testosterone to Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Jayaraj Abhilash , Schwanz Heidi A , Spencer Daniel J , Bhasin Shalender , Hamilton James A , Jayaram B , Goldman Anna L , Krishna Meenakshi , Krishnan Maya , Shah Aashay , Jin Zhendong , Krenzel Eileen , Nair Sashi N , Ramesh Sid , Guo Wen , Wagner Gerhard , Arthanari Haribabu , Peng Liming , Lawney Brian , Jasuja Ravi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) acts as a carrier for testosterone, other sex hormones, fatty acids, and drugs. However, the dynamics of testosterone’s binding to HSA and the structure of its binding sites remain incompletely understood. Here, we characterize the dynamics of testosterone’s binding to HSA and the stoichiometry and structural location of the binding sites using 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR), fluorescence spectroscopy, 4,4′-dianilino-1,1′-binaphthyl-5,5′-disulfonic acid dipotassium salt partitioning, and equilibrium dialysis, complemented by molecular modeling.
2D NMR studies showed that testosterone competitively displaced 18-[13C]-oleic acid from at least 3 known fatty acid binding sites on HSA that also bind many drugs. Binding isotherms of testosterone’s binding to HSA generated using fluorescence spectroscopy and equilibrium dialysis were nonlinear and the apparent dissociation constant varied with different concentrations of testosterone and HSA. The binding isotherms neither conformed to a linear binding model with 1:1 stoichiometry nor to 2 independent binding sites; the binding isotherms were most consistent with 2 or more allosterically coupled binding sites. Molecular dynamics studies revealed that testosterone’s binding to fatty acid binding site 3 on HSA was associated with conformational changes at site 6, indicating that residues in in these 2 distinct binding sites are allosterically coupled.
There are multiple, allosterically coupled binding sites for testosterone on HSA. Testosterone shares these binding sites on HSA with free fatty acids, which could displace testosterone from HSA under various physiological states or disease conditions, affecting its bioavailability.
Institutionalizing Trans* Studies at the University of Arizona
Authors: Stryker Susan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article reports on the successes and challenges of institutionalizing trans* studies at the University of Arizona. It describes the Transgender Studies Faculty Cluster Hire Initiative of 2013–18, efforts to establish a curricular program of some sort in trans studies, barriers to achieving some of the the initiative's early goals, and future prospects for the field's institutionalization at the University of Arizona and elsewhere.
Egg Theory's Early Style
Authors: Lavery Grace 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This essay contemplates an enduring form of reasoning it titles “egg theory”: the type of reasoning that trans people use, prior to transition, to prove transition's impossibility or fruitlessness. It follows this reasoning in a critical and ironic framing in the work of the novelist and critic Sybil Lamb and then, in a less ironic mode, through some essays of Eve Sedgwick and, more broadly, the tranche of queer theory that her work continues to inspire. Egg theory's hostility to the logic of transition inheres in queer theory's own insistence on universality and virtuality as key aspects of queer politics. The essay concludes by considering, through Freud's “Schreber Case” and Dalí's “Metamorphosis of Narcissus,” alternatives to egg theory for approaching the condition of the egg before it hatches, the trans person before transition.
Non-prostate uptake on 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT: a case of myeloma
Authors: Veerasuri Sowmya , Redman Stewart , Graham Richard , Meehan Chris , Little David 
Published: October 2020

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a glycoprotein that is highly expressed in prostate cancer, has been used as a target for molecular radiotherapy as well as imaging. Over the last couple of years, 18F-PSMA gained popularity due to its longer half-life (110 min) compared to gallium 68Ga-PSMA (68 min). This has helped the dissemination beyond large metropolitan centres. In addition, due to the low background activity in the urinary bladder (1.2% injected dose over 2 h compared to 10% injected dose over 2 h for 68Ga), 18F-PSMA helps detect local recurrence or spread to pelvic nodes more readily as lesions are not masked by physiological urinary excretion. Despite excellent sensitivities of PSMA positron emission tomography modalities, it is noteworthy that PSMA expression is not specific to the prostate. A variety of normal tissues express PSMA with intense uptake noted in salivary glands, lacrimal glands, the liver, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, bladder and renal cortex. In this case report, we describe an example of non-prostatic PSMA uptake in a patient imaged with 18F-PSMA-1007 positron emission tomography/CT that showed an avid lytic lesion in manubrium. The patient was subsequently proven by biopsy to have myeloma. Our case report illustrates a potential pitfall when imaging patients with 18F PSMA-1007 and adds to the growing body of literature of non-prostatic uptake of PSMA and highlights the need for reporters to be aware of this uptake.
Mild metatropic dysplasia: emphasis on the magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage thickening
Authors: Hamabe Fumiko , Edo Hiromi , Yamashita Taro , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Tamada Soichiro , Sumi Koji , Shinmoto Hiroshi 
Published: October 2020

Metatropic dysplasia (MD) is a rare skeletal disorder characterized by short stature due to epiphyseal cartilage and growth plate abnormalities. The severity of MD varies from mild to lethal. This disorder is caused by mutations in the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) that encodes calcium-permeable, nonselective cation channels. A 33-year-old female presented at our hospital with a history of worsening knee pain diagnosed at the previous institution as a case of osteoarthritis. Radiographs of the knee showed epiphyseal irregularity without joint space narrowing. On MRI, fat-suppressed proton density-weighted imaging revealed thickened articular cartilage with a smooth surface and an abnormal signal intensity of the subchondral bone; T1 weighted imaging demonstrated irregularity of the epiphysis. These findings and the familial history (both her children had TRPV4 mutations) led to the suspicion that her condition could be due to mosaicism for TRPV4 mutation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of MRI findings focusing on articular cartilage thickening in a patient with mild MD. Bone dysplasia including MD should be considered in young patients with articular cartilage thickening and subchondral bone irregularities on MRI.
Head motion and perception of discomfort by young children during simulated CBCT examinations
Authors: Spin-Neto Rubens , Hauge Matzen Louise , Hermann Louise , Fuglsig João Marcus de Carvalho e Silva , Wenzel Ann 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:To assess the frequency and characteristics (number, complexity, and distance) of head movements, and the perception of discomfort during simulated CBCT examinations in children, considering units with different patient positioning method and head immobilization device combinations.Methods:Forty children (20 boys/20 girls, age range 10–14 years) were video-recorded during simulated CBCT examinations. Children were randomly allocated to a sequence of five CBCT units: Newtom-5G, Orthophos-SL, Cranex-3Dx (patient standing/sitting), and X1. The child scored his/her discomfort perception (visual scale) and the preferred/ill-favored unit. Three observers scored the videos (20% in duplicate): child movement (yes/no), number (<3/≥3/continuous), complexity (uniplanar/multiplanar) and distance (<3 mm/≥3 mm). κ statistics provided intra-/interobserver reproducibility. Severe/extreme motion was defined based on movement characteristics. Chi-square tests assessed the frequency differences of severe/extreme motion among the units, age and operator. Logistic regression analyses with severe/extreme motion as outcome were performed.Results:The range of intra- and inter-observer reproducibility for movement observation was 0.78–0.89 and 0.61–0.64, respectively. Between 60% (Newtom-5G) and 100% (X1) of children moved during the examination. Severe/extreme motion was significantly related to unit and age. There was significantly less severe/extreme motion, when the child was in the supine position with a foam headrest as head support. The younger the child, the higher the risk for severe/extreme motion. The majority of the children preferred the unit with the supine position and a foam headrest.Conclusions:The prevalence of severe and extreme motion was associated with the unit’s patient positioning method and head immobilization devices combined, and child age.
Effect of intensive versus standard anthelminthic treatment on growth and cognition among children living in a high Schistosoma mansoni transmission setting: a study nested within a cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Nampijja Margaret , Lubyayi Lawrence , Tumusiime Josephine , Nabulime Juliet , Kizindo Robert , Kabuubi Prossy , Sanya Richard E. , Kabagenyi Joy , Akurut Hellen , Muhangi Lawrence , Webb Emily L. , Alcock Katie , Elliott Alison M. ,   for the LaVIISWA Trial Team
Published: October 2020

Background: Schistosomiasis and other worm infections have been associated with growth and cognitive impairments; however, whether treatment reverses these effects is uncertain. Moreover, mechanisms linking these infections to cognition are not clear. We aimed to compare growth and cognitive benefits of intensive versus standard anthelminthic treatment in school-aged-children and explore processes that might be involved. We hypothesised that intensive treatment would have greater benefits than standard treatment. Methods: The study was nested within a cluster-randomised trial of either quarterly single-dose praziquantel of 40mg/kg to treat Schistosoma mansoni plus triple dose albendazole of 400mg (intensive treatment) to treat soil-transmitted worms including Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura, or annual single-dose praziquantel 40mg/kg plus six-monthly single-dose albendazole 400mg (standard treatment) conducted in the Koome islands in Lake Victoria, Uganda (ISRCTN47196031). Children aged 5-9 years (N=384) were assessed on primary outcomes (height, weight and eight measures of cognitive ability), worm infection, and proposed mediators of worm effects (cytokines, iron status, physical activity) at one year (intensive n=85; standard n=64) and at two years (intensive n=158; standard n=128) of the intervention. Linear regression was used to examine intervention effects on height, weight and cognitive performance. Linear mixed effects models were used to study changes in growth and cognitive performance between the two arms across the two time-points. Results: Intensive treatment resulted in lower Schistosoma mansoni prevalence than standard treatment (at one year, 41% versus 70%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.24, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.49; at two years, 39% versus 69%; aOR=0.27; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.43) but there were no significant differences in growth and cognitive outcomes at either time-point. Worms and treatment showed no consistent association with the proposed mediators of worm effects. Conclusion: Reduction in worm burden may not improve growth and cognitive outcomes in high S. mansoni transmission settings. Possible implications are discussed.