bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The KLEVER Survey: spatially resolved metallicity maps and gradients in a sample of 1.2 &lt; z &lt; 2.5 lensed galaxies
Authors: Curti Mirko , Maiolino Roberto , Cirasuolo Michele , Mannucci Filippo , Williams Rebecca J , Auger Matt , Mercurio Amata , Hayden-Pawson Connor , Cresci Giovanni , Marconi Alessandro , Belfiore Francesco , Cappellari Michele , Cicone Claudia , Cullen Fergus , Meneghetti Massimo , Ota Kazuaki , Peng Yingjie , Pettini Max , Swinbank Mark , Troncoso Paulina 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present near-infrared observations of 42 gravitationally lensed galaxies obtained in the framework of the KMOS Lensed Emission Lines and VElocity Review (KLEVER) Survey, a programme aimed at investigating the spatially resolved properties of the ionized gas in 1.2 &lt; z &lt; 2.5 galaxies by means of a full coverage of the YJ, H, and K near-infrared bands. Detailed metallicity maps and gradients are derived for a subsample of 28 galaxies from reconstructed source-plane emission-line maps, exploiting the variety of different emission-line diagnostics provided by the broad wavelength coverage of the survey. About $85 {{\, per\ cent}}$ of these galaxies are characterized by metallicity gradients shallower than $0.05\ \rm dex\, kpc^{-1}$ and $89{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ are consistent with a flat slope within 3σ ($67{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ within 1σ), suggesting a mild evolution with cosmic time. In the context of cosmological simulations and chemical evolution models, the presence of efficient feedback mechanisms and/or extended star formation profiles on top of the classical ‘inside-out’ scenario of mass assembly is generally required to reproduce the observed flatness of the metallicity gradients beyond z ∼ 1. Three galaxies with significantly (&gt;3σ) ‘inverted’ gradients are also found, showing an anticorrelation between metallicity and star formation rate density on local scales, possibly suggesting recent episodes of pristine gas accretion or strong radial flows in place. Nevertheless, the individual metallicity maps are characterized by a variety of different morphologies, with flat radial gradients sometimes hiding non-axisymmetric variations on kpc scales, which are washed out by azimuthal averages, especially in interacting systems or in those undergoing local episodes of recent star formation.
Probing the extragalactic fast transient sky at minute time-scales with DECam
Authors: Andreoni I , Cooke J , Webb S , Rest A , Pritchard T , Caleb M , Chang S-W , Farah W , Lien A , Möller A , Ravasio M E , Abbott T M C , Bhandari S , Cucchiara A , Flynn C , Jankowski F , Keane E F , Moriya T J , Onken C A , Parthasarathy A , Price D C , Petroff E , Ryder S , Vohl D , Wolf C 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Searches for optical transients are usually performed with a cadence of days to weeks, optimized for supernova discovery. The optical fast transient sky is still largely unexplored, with only a few surveys to date having placed meaningful constraints on the detection of extragalactic transients evolving at sub-hour time-scales. Here, we present the results of deep searches for dim, minute-time-scale extragalactic fast transients using the Dark Energy Camera, a core facility of our all-wavelength and all-messenger Deeper, Wider, Faster programme. We used continuous 20 s exposures to systematically probe time-scales down to 1.17 min at magnitude limits g &gt; 23 (AB), detecting hundreds of transient and variable sources. Nine candidates passed our strict criteria on duration and non-stellarity, all of which could be classified as flare stars based on deep multiband imaging. Searches for fast radio burst and gamma-ray counterparts during simultaneous multifacility observations yielded no counterparts to the optical transients. Also, no long-term variability was detected with pre-imaging and follow-up observations using the SkyMapper optical telescope. We place upper limits for minute-time-scale fast optical transient rates for a range of depths and time-scales. Finally, we demonstrate that optical g-band light-curve behaviour alone cannot discriminate between confirmed extragalactic fast transients such as prompt GRB flashes and Galactic stellar flares.
Comparison of SEDs of very massive radio-loud and radio-quiet AGN
Authors: Gupta Maitrayee , Sikora Marek , Rusinek Katarzyna 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The main objective of this work is to establish and interpret the dominant spectral components and their differences in radio-loud (RL) and radio-quiet (RQ) AGN with very massive black holes, and accreting at moderate rates. Such a sample is selected from the Swift/BAT catalogue of AGN having determined optical spectra types and hosting black holes with masses $\rm \gt 10^{8.5}\, M_{\odot }$. We confirm our previous results, that radio loudness distribution of Swift/BAT AGN is bimodal and that radio galaxies are about two times X-ray louder than their RQ counterparts. We show that the average X-ray loudness (defined as a ratio of luminosity in the 14–195 keV band to that at 12 μm) of Type 1 and Type 2 AGN is very similar. This similarity holds for both RL and RQ subsamples and indicates negligible dependence of the observed X-ray luminosities on the inclination angle in both populations. In both the radiative output is dominated by mid-IR and hard X-ray components, and relatively weak UV luminosities indicate large amounts of dust in polar regions.
Nebular spectra of 111 Type Ia supernovae disfavour single-degenerate progenitors
Authors: Tucker M A , Shappee B J , Vallely P J , Stanek K Z , Prieto J L , Botyanszki J , Kochanek C S , Anderson J P , Brown J , Galbany L , Holoien T W-S , Hsiao E Y , Kumar S , Kuncarayakti H , Morrell N , Phillips M M , Stritzinger M D , Thompson Todd A 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTWe place statistical constraints on Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitors using 227 nebular-phase spectra of 111 SNe Ia. We find no evidence of stripped companion emission in any of the nebular-phase spectra. Upper limits are placed on the amount of mass that could go undetected in each spectrum using recent hydrodynamic simulations. With these null detections, we place an observational 3σ upper limit on the fraction of SNe Ia that are produced through the classical H-rich non-degenerate companion scenario of $\lt 5.5 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. Additionally, we set a tentative 3σ upper limit otan He star progenitor scenarios of $\lt 6.4 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, although further theoretical modelling is required. These limits refer to our most representative sample including normal, 91bg-like, 91T-like, and ‘super-Chandrasekhar’ SNe Ia but excluding SNe Iax and SNe Ia-CSM. As part of our analysis, we also derive a Nebular Phase Phillips Relation, which approximates the brightness of an SN Ia from 150 to 500 d after maximum using the peak magnitude and decline rate parameter Δm15(B).
A DECam view of the diffuse dwarf galaxy Crater II – Variable stars
Authors: Vivas A Katherina , Walker Alistair R , Martínez-Vázquez Clara E , Monelli Matteo , Bono Giuseppe , Dorta Antonio , Nidever David L , Fiorentino Giuliana , Gallart Carme , Andreuzzi Gloria , Braga Vittorio F , Dall’Ora Massimo , Olsen Knut , Stetson Peter B 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Time series observations of a single dithered field centred on the diffuse dwarf satellite galaxy Crater II were obtained with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) at the 4m Blanco Telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Chile, uniformly covering up to two half-light radii. Analysis of the g and i time series results in the identification and characterization of 130 periodic variable stars, including 98 RR Lyrae stars, 7 anomalous Cepheids, and 1 SX Phoenicis star belonging to the Crater II population, and 24 foreground variables of different types. Using the large number of ab-type RR Lyrae stars present in the galaxy, we obtained a distance modulus to Crater II of (m − M)0 = 20.333 ± 0.004 (stat) ±0.07 (sys). The distribution of the RR Lyrae stars suggests an elliptical shape for Crater II, with an ellipticity of 0.24 and a position angle of 153°. From the RR Lyrae stars, we infer a small metallicity dispersion for the old population of Crater II of only 0.17 dex. There are hints that the most metal-poor stars in that narrow distribution have a wider distribution across the galaxy, while the slightly more metal-rich part of the population is more centrally concentrated. Given the features in the colour–magnitude diagram of Crater II, the anomalous Cepheids in this galaxy must have formed through a binary evolution channel of an old population.
Characterizing the i-band variability of YSOs over six orders of magnitude in time-scale
Authors: Sergison Darryl J , Naylor Tim , Littlefair S P , Bell Cameron P M , Williams C D H 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present an i-band photometric study of over 800 young stellar objects in the OB association Cep OB3b, which samples time-scales from one minute to 10 yr. Using structure functions we show that on all time-scales (τ) there is a monotonic decrease in variability from Class I to Class II through the transition disc (TD) systems to Class III, i.e. the more evolved systems are less variable. The Class Is show an approximately power-law increase (τ0.8) in variability from time-scales of a few minutes to 10 yr. The Class II, TDs, and Class III systems show a qualitatively different behaviour with most showing a power-law increase in variability up to a time-scale corresponding to the rotational period of the star, with little additional variability beyond that time-scale. However, about a third of the Class IIs shows lower overall variability, but their variability is still increasing at 10 yr. This behaviour can be explained if all Class IIs have two primary components to their variability. The first is an underlying roughly power-law variability spectrum, which evidence from the infrared suggests is driven by accretion rate changes. The second component is approximately sinusoidal and results from the rotation of the star. We suggest that the systems with dominant longer time-scale variability have a smaller rotational modulation either because they are seen at low inclinations or have more complex magnetic field geometries. We derive a new way of calculating structure functions for large simulated data sets (the ‘fast structure function’), based on fast Fourier transforms.
FLASH: ultra-fast protocol to identify RNA–protein interactions in cells
Authors: Ilik Ibrahim Avsar , Aktas Tugce , Maticzka Daniel , Backofen Rolf , Akhtar Asifa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Determination of the in vivo binding sites of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is paramount to understanding their function and how they affect different aspects of gene regulation. With hundreds of RNA-binding proteins identified in human cells, a flexible, high-resolution, high-throughput, highly multiplexible and radioactivity-free method to determine their binding sites has not been described to date. Here we report FLASH (Fast Ligation of RNA after some sort of Affinity Purification for High-throughput Sequencing), which uses a special adapter design and an optimized protocol to determine protein–RNA interactions in living cells. The entire FLASH protocol, starting from cells on plates to a sequencing library, takes 1.5 days. We demonstrate the flexibility, speed and versatility of FLASH by using it to determine RNA targets of both tagged and endogenously expressed proteins under diverse conditions in vivo.
Clinical characteristics and comorbidities in adult-onset Still’s disease using a large US administrative claims database
Authors: Lenert Aleksander , Oh GYeon , Ombrello Michael J , Kim Sujin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to describe clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and major comorbidities of a US-based adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) cohort.

Methods
Administrative claims data from Truven MarketScan were collected from 2009 to 2015. An AOSD case was defined as ≥1 M06.1 International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) medical claim code. We extracted data for the AOSD cohort (n = 106) and 1:5 matched controls (n = 530) without AOSD. Outcomes of interest and a novel claims-based set of Yamaguchi criteria were identified by relevant ICD 9th revision (ICD-9) and ICD-10 codes. Bivariate descriptive analyses were conducted on all variables. Comorbidity rates and rate ratios were calculated in AOSD cases and matched controls. Statistical significance of cohort differences was determined to compare AOSD cases and matched controls.

Results
The AOSD cohort, with a mean age of 43.08 (standard deviation, s.d. 13.9) years and with female predominance (68.9%) was observed over a mean of 750.12 (637.6) days. A total of 35.9% of AOSD patients fulfilled claims-based Yamaguchi criteria compared with 0.4% matched controls (P&lt; 0.05). We identified severe AOSD-related complications, including macrophage activation syndrome (4.7%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (12.3%). Treatment commonly involved systemic glucocorticoids (62.2%), MTX (51%) and anakinra (24.5%). Compared with matched controls, serious infections were significantly increased (rate ratio 2.58, 95% CI: 1.53, 4.37, P = 0.0004), while hyperlipidaemia (0.54, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.85; P = 0.008) and obesity (0.30, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.62; P = 0.001) were significantly decreased in AOSD patients.

Conclusion
We characterized a first US-based AOSD cohort using a large national administrative claims database, and identified key complications, treatments and comorbidities.
Long-term efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in refractory Takayasu arteritis: final results of the randomized controlled phase 3 TAKT study
Authors: Nakaoka Yoshikazu , Isobe Mitsuaki , Tanaka Yoshiya , Ishii Tomonori , Ooka Seido , Niiro Hiroaki , Tamura Naoto , Banno Shogo , Yoshifuji Hajime , Sakata Yasushi , Kawakami Atsushi , Atsumi Tatsuya , Furuta Shunsuke , Kohsaka Hitoshi , Suzuki Katsuya , Hara Ryoki , Maejima Yasuhiro , Tsukamoto Hiroshi , Takasaki Yoshinari , Yamashita Katsuhisa , Okada Norihiro , Yamakido Shinji , Takei Syuji , Yokota Shumpei , Nishimoto Norihiro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of the IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TAK).

Methods
Patients completing the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled period of the TAKT (Takayasu arteritis Treated with Tocilizumab) trial were followed up during open-label extended treatment with weekly s.c. tocilizumab 162 mg for up to 96 weeks or longer, with oral glucocorticoid tapering performed at the investigators’ discretion. Endpoints of the extension analysis included steroid-sparing effects of tocilizumab, imaging data, patient-reported outcomes (36-Item Short Form Health Survey) and safety.

Results
All 36 patients enrolled in the double-blind period entered the open-label extension; 28 patients received tocilizumab for 96 weeks. The median glucocorticoid dose was 0.223 mg/kg/day at the time of relapse before study entry, 0.131 mg/kg/day (interquartile range 0.099, 0.207) after 48 weeks and 0.105 mg/kg/day (interquartile range 0.039, 0.153) after 96 weeks. Overall, 46.4% of patients reduced their dose to &lt;0.1 mg/kg/day, which was less than half the dose administered at relapse before study entry (mean difference –0.120 mg/kg/day; 95% CI −0.154, −0.087). Imaging evaluations indicated that most patients’ disease was improved (17.9%) or stable (67.9%) after 96 weeks compared with baseline. Mean 36-Item Short Form Health Survey physical and mental component summary scores and 7 of 8 domain scores were clinically improved from baseline and maintained over 96 weeks of tocilizumab treatment. No unexpected safety issues were reported.

Conclusion
These results in patients with Takayasu arteritis provide evidence of a steroid-sparing effect and improvements in well-being during long-term treatment with once-weekly tocilizumab 162 mg, with no new safety concerns.

Trial registration
JAPIC Clinical Trials Information, http://www.clinicaltrials.jp/user/cteSearch_e.jsp, JapicCTI-142616.
IMPLEMENTING A NEW DIFFUSION BATTERY FOR RADON PROGENY DOSE DETERMINATION
Authors: Fairchild Robert W , Long Stephen , Yule Andrew 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Australian Radiation Laboratory Diffusion Battery was created in 1992 to evaluate radon progeny dose coefficients based on measured aerosol conditions. The Australian Radiation Laboratory Diffusion Battery used filters, alpha counters and a legacy laptop computer running a PowerBASIC program that controlled the hardware. Because technology has evolved, the original system is not supportable. A replacement system consisting of separate hardware and software modules has been created. The hardware counting module is based on the proven design of the Effective Dosimeter, using modern detectors, electronics, flow sensors, a microcontroller and a secure digital memory card for data storage. The analysis of the data has been implemented in an Excel spreadsheet with Visual Basic for Applications coding to do loops and iterations. Tests of the software with current and historic data sets, all taken with the original Australian Radiation Laboratory Diffusion Battery system, have validated a modern, supportable diffusion battery system.
Parents still matter: the influence of parental enforcement of bedtime on adolescents’ depressive symptoms
Authors: Peltz Jack S , Rogge Ronald D , Connolly Heidi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
The aim of the current study was to test a multilevel mediation model that examined how adolescent sleep duration might be linked to depressive symptoms via their daytime energy levels. Furthermore, the study examined how parents’ enforcement of various types of bedtime rules predicted the duration of adolescent sleep.

Methods
A total of 193 adolescent (ages 14–17; Mage = 15.7 years old, SD = .94; 54.4% female; 71% Caucasian) and parent dyads completed baseline, online surveys, and adolescents also completed online 7-day, twice-daily (i.e. morning and evening) reports of their sleep duration (morning diary) and their energy levels and depressive symptoms throughout the day (evening diary). Parents (Mage = 47.6 years old, SD = 5.4; 80% female) completed assessments of enforcement of bedtime-related rules (i.e. bedtime, cessation of electronic media usage, prohibiting afternoon/evening caffeine consumption). Multilevel modeling enabled the testing of the mediation model both at the between-person level and within individuals.

Results
Results suggested that adolescents’ energy levels mediated the association between adolescents’ sleep duration and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, both greater enforcement of bedtimes and later school start times predicted longer sleep durations for adolescents, and were indirectly associated with adolescents’ depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
These findings underscore the importance of adolescents obtaining sufficient sleep to support their mental health and suggest a critical point of intervention for preventing or decreasing insufficient sleep. Given the diverse threats to adolescents’ sleep as well as adolescents’ desire for greater independence, collaborative, autonomy-promoting bedtime limit-setting is recommended to support adolescents’ well-being.
Influence of dietary roughage level and Megasphaera elsdenii on feedlot performance and carcass composition of thin cull beef cows fed for a lean market
Authors: DeClerck Jonathan C , Reeves Nathan R , Miller Mark F , Johnson Bradley J , Ducharme Gary A , Rathmann Ryan J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One hundred forty-four cull cows (body condition score = 2.10 ± 0.61; BW = 456 ± 47 kg) were organized into a 2 × 2 factorial design (48 pens, 12 pens/treatment, and 3 cows/pen) to evaluate the effect of dietary roughage level and oral drenching of Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 (M. elsdenii culture; Lactipro Advance; MS Biotec Inc., Wamego, KS) on performance and carcass characteristics. Cattle were finished over a 42-day realimentation period, and aggressively stepped up over a 10-day period to either a high roughage finisher (HRF; 25% roughage) or a low roughage finisher (LRF; 10% roughage). Within diet, cattle were administered no probiotic or 100 mL of M. elsdenii culture (M. elsdenii NCIMB 41125, 2 108 cfu/mL) on day 0. No diet × probiotic interactions were detected (P ≥ 0.15), suggesting that the magnitude of the response was not influenced by the concentrate level of the diet. The main effect of diet triggered several significant responses. Decreasing roughage level tended to improve average daily gain (ADG) by 9.7% (0.26 kg, P = 0.08), while decreasing dry matter intake (DMI) by 0.9 kg (P = 0.09), provoking a 19.7% enhancement of feed efficiency (0.036 units, P &lt; 0.01). However, interim data revealed declines of performance parameters among both diets with a significant difference between treatments only documented during the final phase of the realimentation period. During the final 14 days, LRF posted a 0.68 kg increase in ADG (P = 0.05) and a 2.0 kg decrease in DMI (P = 0.01), translating to improved feed efficiency (0.054 units, P = 0.03). This suggests that increasing the caloric density of finishing diets may help offset the regression of performance typically observed following a compensatory gain. No carcass traits were impacted by either diet or M. elsdenii culture (P ≥ 0.08). Overall, oral drenching of M. elsdenii culture tended to augment ADG (0.26 kg, P = 0.08) and carcass ADG (0.20 kg, P = 0.10). Implying that M. elsdenii culture was effective at alleviating the acidosis risk prompted by the rapid step-up period employed in the trial and may help capitalize on the narrow timeline of compensatory gain in cull cow realimentation.
Blockade of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1/2 protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced acute lung injury and NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Chambers Eboni D. , White Alexis , Vang Alexander , Wang Zhengke , Ayala Alfred , Weng Tingting , Blackburn Michael , Choudhary Gaurav , Rounds Sharon , Lu Qing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa infections are increasingly multidrug resistant and cause healthcare‐associated pneumonia, a major risk factor for acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Adenosine is a signaling nucleoside with potential opposing effects; adenosine can either protect against acute lung injury via adenosine receptors or cause lung injury via adenosine receptors or equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT)‐dependent intracellular adenosine uptake. We hypothesized that blockade of intracellular adenosine uptake by inhibition of ENT1/2 would increase adenosine receptor signaling and protect against P. aeruginosa–induced acute lung injury. We observed that P. aeruginosa (strain: PA103) infection induced acute lung injury in C57BL/6 mice in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Using ENT1/2 pharmacological inhibitor, nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI), and ENT1‐null mice, we demonstrated that ENT blockade elevated lung adenosine levels and significantly attenuated P. aeruginosa–induced acute lung injury, as assessed by lung wet‐to‐dry weight ratio, BAL protein levels, BAL inflammatory cell counts, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and pulmonary function (total lung volume, static lung compliance, tissue damping, and tissue elastance). Using both agonists and antagonists directed against adenosine receptors A2AR and A2BR, we further demonstrated that ENT1/2 blockade protected against P. aeruginosa –induced acute lung injury via activation of A2AR and A2BR. Additionally, ENT1/2 chemical inhibition and ENT1 knockout prevented P. aeruginosa–induced lung NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Finally, inhibition of inflammasome prevented P. aeruginosa–induced acute lung injury. Our results suggest that targeting ENT1/2 and NLRP3 inflammasome may be novel strategies for prevention and treatment of P. aeruginosa–induced pneumonia and subsequent ARDS.