bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy‐efficient resource allocation for lifetime maximization in M2M networks
Authors: Tarerefa Michael E. , Falowo Olabisi E. , Ventura Neco 
Published: July 2020

SummaryMachine‐to‐machine (M2M) communications is one of the major enabling technologies for the realization of the Internet of Things (IoT). Most machine‐type communication devices (MTCDs) are battery powered, and the battery lifetime of these devices significantly affects the overall performance of the network and the quality of service (QoS) of the M2M applications. This paper proposes a lifetime‐aware resource allocation algorithm as a convex optimization problem for M2M communications in the uplink of a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC‐FDMA)‐based heterogeneous network. A K‐means clustering is introduced to reduce energy consumption in the network and mitigate interference from MTCDs in neighbouring clusters. The maximum number of clusters is determined using the elbow method. The lifetime maximization problem is formulated as a joint power and resource block maximization problem, which is then solved using Lagrangian dual method. Finally, numerical simulations in MATLAB are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, and the results are compared to existing heuristic algorithm and inbuilt MATLAB optimal algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the heuristic algorithm and closely model the optimal algorithm with an acceptable level of complexity. The proposed algorithm offers significant improvements in the energy efficiency and network lifetime, as well as a faster convergence and lower computational complexity.
Does functional redundancy affect ecological stability and resilience? A review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Biggs Christopher R. , Yeager Lauren A. , Bolser Derek G. , Bonsell Christina , Dichiera Angelina M. , Hou Zhenxin , Keyser Spencer R. , Khursigara Alexis J. , Lu Kaijun , Muth Arley F. , Negrete Benjamin , Erisman Brad E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn light of rapid shifts in biodiversity associated with human impacts, there is an urgent need to understand how changing patterns in biodiversity impact ecosystem function. Functional redundancy is hypothesized to promote ecological resilience and stability, as ecosystem function of communities with more redundant species (those that perform similar functions) should be buffered against the loss of individual species. While functional redundancy is being increasingly quantified, few studies have linked differences in redundancy across communities to ecological outcomes. We conducted a review and meta‐analysis to determine whether empirical evidence supports the asserted link between functional redundancy and ecosystem stability and resilience. We reviewed 423 research articles and assembled a data set of 32 studies from 15 articles across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Overall, the mean correlation between functional redundancy and ecological stability/resilience was positive. The mean positive effect of functional redundancy was greater for studies in which redundancy was measured as species richness within functional groups (vs. metrics independent of species richness), but species richness itself was not correlated with effect size. The results of this meta‐analysis indicate that functional redundancy may positively affect community stability and resilience to disturbance, but more empirical work is needed including more experimental studies, partitioning of richness and redundancy effects, and links to ecosystem functions.
Accessing copper oxidation states of dissolved negative electrode current collectors in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Hanf Lenard , Diehl Marcel , Kemper Lea‐Sophie , Winter Martin , Nowak Sascha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA novel capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) detection for the investigation of dissolved Cu+ and Cu2+ in lithium ion battery (LIB) electrolytes was developed. This method is of relevance, as the current collector at the anode of LIBs may dissolve under certain operation conditions. In order to preserve the actual oxidation states of dissolved copper in the electrolytes and to prevent any precipitation during sample preparation and CE measurements, neocuproine (NC) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic (EDTA) were effectively applied as complexing agents for both ionic copper species. However, precipitation and loss of the Cu+‐NC‐complex for quantification occurred in presence of the commonly applied conducting salt lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6). Therefore, acetonitrile (ACN) was added to the sample in order to suppress this precipitation. Dissolution experiments with copper‐based negative electrode current collectors in a LIB electrolyte were conducted at 60°C under non‐oxidizing atmosphere. First findings regarding the copper species via CE revealed dissolved Cu+ and mainly Cu2+. However, primarily Cu+ dissolved from the passivating oxide layer (Cu2O and CuO) of the current collector due to the formation of acidic electrolyte decomposition products. Due to the instability of Cu+ in the electrolyte a further disproportionation reaction to Cu0 and Cu2+ occurred. The results show the high potential of this CE method for prospective investigations regarding the current collector stability in new battery electrode formulations and correlations of dissolution events with dissolution mechanisms and battery cell operation conditions.
Optimization of orange juice formulation through using lactose‐hydrolyzed permeate by RSM methodology
Authors: Nemati Azita , Alizadeh‐ Khaledabad Mohammad , Ghasempour Zahra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPermeate is the by‐product of the process of ultrafiltration in a kind of cheese making process in which a semipermeable membrane filters the liquid. It mainly contains 4.5%–4.8% lactose and 0.44%–0.47% mineral salts which make it a safe disposal issue. This study was conducted to use permeate and its lactose as an alternative to sugar, and to use these useful permeate compounds in an optimized orange juice formulation. Milk permeate, as a waste disposal of dairy companies, was applied in lactose hydrolyzed form as the cost effective sugar and water substitution in production of orange juice. The RSM optimization method was applied for formulating beverage mixture. The heated and nonheated permeate samples were incubated with β‐glycosidase enzyme in three thermal ranges (35, 40, and 45°C), 3 time intervals (60,150, and 240 min), and 3 enzyme levels (0%, 0.1%, and 0.2%). The degree of hydrolysis was determined by MilkoScan analyzer. In the next step, optimization of orange juice was accomplished with a mixture of sugar (10%–40%) and hydrolyzed permeate (10%–40%) with specific Brix through RSM statistical design. The physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation were measured during 8 weeks of storage. At the first stage of the study, the heated sample with 0.1% enzyme density, which was incubated for 150 min at 40°C, was yielded the best result. At the second stage, which was the juice production and evaluation, the statistical analysis showed increasing trend of pH and sugar content, but density and vitamin C showed a decreasing trend during storage time (p < .05). The optimal condition was obtained in taking 35% permeate and 41 days of storage in which the values of formalin, vitamin C, and sensory tests were in the highest levels.
Primary large B‐cell lymphoma of the central nervous system with cyclin D1 expression and t(11;14) (IGH‐CCND1): Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with CCND1 rearrangement or mantle cell lymphoma?
Authors: Parrott Andrew M. , Haggiagi Aya M. , Murty Vundavalli V. , Bhagat Govind , Alobeid Bachir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMantle cell lymphomas (MCLs) are the prototypic B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas defined by cyclin D1 gene (CCND1; or other cyclin D family gene) rearrangements. However, extremely rare cases of diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) harboring CCND1 rearrangements, resulting in cyclin D1 protein expression, have also been reported. In this report, we describe an unusual primary large B‐cell lymphoma of non‐germinal center immunophenotype of the central nervous system (CNS) in an elderly male patient, which was negative for CD5 and SOX11, and exhibited cyclin D1 expression. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis detected IGH‐CCND1 and BCL6 rearrangements. This case may represent the first report of a primary CNS DLBCL with IGH‐CCND1 rearrangement. The clinico‐pathologic features that can help differentiate primary CNS MCL from primary DLBCL of the CNS with IGH‐CCND1 rearrangement are discussed.
A prospective study of erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of colorectal serrated polyps and conventional adenomas
Authors: Wang Liang , Hang Dong , He Xiaosheng , Lo Chun‐Han , Wu Kana , Chan Andrew T. , Ogino Shuji , Giovannucci Edward L. , Song Mingyang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on risk of colorectal cancer precursors remains largely unknown. We examined the associations of erythrocyte PUFAs, including n−3 and n−6 PUFAs, with risk of colorectal conventional adenomas and serrated polyps in 4517 participants from three US prospective cohorts who had provided a blood sample and undergone at least one endoscopic examination. We calculated the multivariable odds ratios (ORs) per 1 SD increment in individual PUFAs and the ratio of n−6/n−3 PUFAs. We considered P < .005 statistically significant to account for multiple testing. During a median of 20 years of follow‐up, we documented 493 conventional adenomas and 316 serrated polyps. After adjusting for various CRC risk factors, no associations for PUFAs achieved the stringent statistical significance for either conventional adenomas or serrated polyps (ORs per 1 SD ranged from 0.90 to 1.14). Some associations achieved nominal significance (P < .05), including the association of dihomogammalinolenic acid (DGLA) (20:3, n−6) with lower risk of conventional adenomas (OR = 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83‐1.00), total n−6 PUFAs with higher risk of proximal serrated polyps (OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.01‐1.74) and eicosadienoic acid (20:2, n−6) and DGLA with lower risk of advanced adenomas (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.71‐0.97 and OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.72‐0.98, respectively). Our findings indicate that erythrocyte PUFAs in a typical American diet are unlikely to have a substantial influence on risk of colorectal cancer precursors. The subgroup associations require further confirmation.
Longitudinal continuity of care during antenatal and delivery in the Volta Region of Ghana
Authors: Dery Samuel K.K. , Aikins Moses , Maya Ernest T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the extent of longitudinal continuity of care (CoC) during pregnancy and delivery in the Volta Region of Ghana.MethodsLongitudinal data were used from the National Health Insurance Claims Dataset for the period January to December 2013 for pregnant women who sought antenatal and delivery care in the region. Pregnant women who delivered at a health facility with at least three visits were included in the study. Five CoC indices were calculated for each pregnant woman.ResultsOf the 14 474 pregnant women included in the study, 58.4% had perfect CoC. Mean CoC indices were: most frequent provider continuity (MFPC) 0.82 ± 0.25; modified, modified continuity index (MMCI) 0.86 ± 0.20; continuity of care index (COCI) 0.76 ± 0.30; sequential continuity index (SECON) 0.80 ± 0.28; and place of delivery continuity (PDC) 0.68 ± 0.41.ConclusionThere are relatively medium to high levels of CoC indices during pregnancy and delivery, with place of delivery CoC having the lowest score, an indication that more pregnant women switched providers during delivery. There is a need for policy to ensure CoC during pregnancy.
Rapid progression of recurrent disease in a patient with renal cell carcinoma with vaginal metastasis
Authors: Hisano Mizuki , Kato Renpei , Itamochi Hiroaki , Matsuura Tomohiko , Maekawa Shigekatsu , Kato Yoichiro , Kanehira Mitsugu , Takata Ryo , Baba Tsukasa , Obara Wataru 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionWe report a rare case of renal cell carcinoma with vaginal metastasis that recurred with rapid progression and was resistant to sunitinib and nivolumab.Case presentationA 68‐year‐old woman presented with renal cell carcinoma and vaginal metastasis. Multiple lung metastasis appeared 3 months after simultaneous radical nephrectomy and hysterectomy with vaginal resection. Despite the treatment with sunitinib and nivolumab, the patient died 7 months after surgery. Immunohistochemical staining of primary and metastatic tumor specimens was CD8 and programmed death ligand‐1 negative.ConclusionAlthough vaginal metastasis of renal cell carcinoma is rare, lack of CD8 and programmed death ligand‐1 expression may cause nivolumab resistance and may be useful markers in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Electronic structure benchmark calculations of CO2 fixing elementary chemical steps in RuBisCO using the projector‐based embedding approach
Authors: Douglas‐Gallardo Oscar A. , Shepherd Ian , Bennie Simon J. , Ranaghan Kara E. , Mulholland Adrian J. , Vöhringer‐Martinez Esteban 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRibulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase‐oxygenase (RuBisCO) is the main enzyme involved in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation in the biosphere. This enzyme catalyzes a set of five chemical steps that take place in the same active‐site within magnesium (II) coordination sphere. Here, a set of electronic structure benchmark calculations have been carried out on a reaction path proposed by Gready et al. by means of the projector‐based embedding approach. Activation and reaction energies for all main steps catalyzed by RuBisCO have been calculated at the MP2, SCS‐MP2, CCSD, and CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pVDZ and cc‐pVDZ levels of theory. The treatment of the magnesium cation with post‐HF methods is explored to determine the nature of its involvement in the mechanism. With the high‐level ab initio values as a reference, we tested the performance of a set of density functional theory (DFT) exchange‐correlation (xc) functionals in reproducing the reaction energetics of RuBisCO carboxylase activity on a set of model fragments. Different DFT xc‐functionals show large variation in activation and reaction energies. Activation and reaction energies computed at the B3LYP level are close to the reference SCS‐MP2 results for carboxylation, hydration and protonation reactions. However, for the carbon–carbon bond dissociation reaction, B3LYP and other functionals give results that differ significantly from the ab initio reference values. The results show the applicability of the projector‐based embedding approach to metalloenzymes. This technique removes the uncertainty associated with the selection of different DFT xc‐functionals and so can overcome some of inherent limitations of DFT calculations, complementing, and potentially adding to modeling of enzyme reaction mechanisms with DFT methods.
The utilization pattern of serum tumor markers in lung cancer patients: A population‐based retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Wang Hongchun , Zhang Jian , Li Xiaoli , Zhang Cheng , Zheng Shuli , Chi Yihong , Sheng Xia , Zhang Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe trends in usage of tumor markers, including CEA, SCC, NSE, Cyfra21‐1, and ProGRP, in Chinese lung cancer patients in the real‐world setting are not fully investigated.MethodsA retrospective descriptive study was conducted using the database of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China between January 2013 and December 2017, involving patients primarily diagnosed with NSCLC or SCLC. Utilization trends by first discharge year, utilization rates within different durations before and after first discharge date, and combined utilization patterns of multiple tumor markers were analyzed.ResultsThe utilization of all these tumor markers showed increased from 2013 to 2017. CEA, Cyfra21‐1, and NSE were the most frequently detected, which increased slightly from around 50% in 2013 to around 78% in 2017 in NSCLC and from around 70% in 2013 to around 92% in 2017 in SCLC. CEA, Cyfra21‐1, and NSE were the most commonly measured within 3 months before first diagnosis with approximately 65% in NSCLC and 80% in SCLC, and ProGRP had the lowest utilization (around 30%). CEA, NSE, and Cyfra21‐1 had the highest utilization rates after first diagnosis with both around 80% in NSCLC or SCLC. Combined usage of five tumor markers was ranked the first pattern in combined utilization.ConclusionsThis study suggests CEA, Cyfra21‐1, and NSE are the most frequently detected before or after first diagnosis of NSCLC or SCLC. However, SCC and ProGRP tests appeared to have relatively low usages. The utilization pattern was consistent with recommendations of guideline, but underutilization still existed.
When am I ever going to use this? An investigation of the calculus content of core engineering courses
Authors: Faulkner Brian , Johnson‐Glauch Nicole , San Choi Dong , Herman Geoffrey L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany engineering students fail to proceed through required prerequisite mathematics courses. Since these courses strongly influence engineering student attrition, we should examine to what degree these courses truly serve as prerequisites for following engineering coursework.Purpose/HypothesisWe examined two research questions: Which concepts and skills learned in calculus are applied in engineering statics and circuits homework assignments? How are calculus skills applied in engineering statics and circuits homework assignments?Design/MethodThis study analyzes the homework problems of two engineering courses—statics and circuits for nonmajors—using the mathematics‐in‐use method. These courses were chosen since they often require calculus as a direct prerequisite and are taken by most engineering majors. The mathematical content of each homework problem is carefully analyzed, with attention to alternative solution paths that may not match the instructor solution.ResultsOnly 8% of statics problems and 20% of circuits for nonmajors problems applied calculus. Furthermore, these problems applied only the simplest calculus skills (e.g., integration of polynomials).ConclusionsCircuits and statics apply relatively little calculus; most problems consist primarily of algebra. We may be able to modify prerequisite structures to ease or speed student progress.
Parental experiences of uncertainty following an abnormal fetal anomaly scan: Insights using Han’s taxonomy of uncertainty
Authors: Hammond Jennifer , Klapwijk Jasmijn E. , Hill Melissa , Lou Stina , Ormond Kelly E. , Diderich Karin E.M. , Riedijk Sam , Lewis Celine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor a number of prospective parents, uncertainty during pregnancy starts when an anomaly is found during a routine fetal anomaly scan. This may be followed by numerous tests to determine the etiology and nature of the anomaly. In this study, we aimed to understand how prospective parents perceive and manage uncertainty after being confronted with a structural anomaly during their routine ultrasound. Han's taxonomy of uncertainty was used as a framework to identify and understand the different types of uncertainty experienced. Interviews were held in the UK (n = 8 women and n = 1 male partner) and in the Netherlands (n = 7 women) with participants who had experienced uncertainty in their pregnancy after a fetal scan. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, and the uncertainties experienced by parents were mapped against the dimensions of the Han taxonomy (sources, issues, and locus). Participants' experience of uncertainty was relevant to all dimensions and subcategories of the Han taxonomy, showing its applicability in the prenatal setting. Sources of uncertainty included receiving probabilistic or ambiguous information about the anomaly, or information that was complex and challenging to understand. Issues of uncertainty included were those that were scientific—such as a probable diagnosis with no further information, personal—such as the emotional impact of uncertainty, and practical—such as limited information about medical procedures and practical aspects of care. Additionally, participants described what helped them to manage uncertainty. This included active coping strategies such as searching for information on the Internet, external coping resources such as seeking social support, and internal coping resources such as using positivity and hope. Several recommendations for the healthcare professional to minimize uncertainty and help the patient deal with uncertainty have been proposed based on these findings.
Organocatalyzed Kabbe condensation reaction for mild and expeditious synthesis of 2,2‐dialkyl and 2‐spiro‐4‐chromanones
Authors: Kapuriya Naval P. , Bhalodia Jasmin J. , Ambasana Mrunal A. , Patel Rashmi B. , Bapodra Atul H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn expeditious Kabbe condensation reaction for the synthesis of 2,2‐dialkyl and 2‐spiro‐chroman‐4(1H)‐ones has been developed using pyrrolidine‐butanoic acid in DMSO as bifunctional organocatalyst. Unlike existing methods, this reaction proceeds at room temperature with high yields, rendering it an attractive method to synthesize a vast variety of privileged 4‐chromones.
Trends in CD4 and viral load testing 2005 to 2018: multi‐cohort study of people living with HIV in Southern Africa
Authors: Zaniewski Elizabeth , Dao Ostinelli Cam H , Chammartin Frédérique , Maxwell Nicola , Davies Mary‐Ann , Euvrard Jonathan , van Dijk Janneke , Bosomprah Samuel , Phiri Sam , Tanser Frank , Sipambo Nosisa , Muhairwe Josephine , Fatti Geoffrey , Prozesky Hans , Wood Robin , Ford Nathan , Fox Matthew P , Egger Matthias 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a CD4 cell count before starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) to detect advanced HIV disease, and routine viral load (VL) testing following ART initiation to detect treatment failure. Donor support for CD4 testing has declined to prioritize access to VL monitoring. We examined trends in CD4 and VL testing among adults (≥15 years of age) starting ART in Southern Africa.MethodsWe analysed data from 14 HIV treatment programmes in Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe in 2005 to 2018. We examined the frequency of CD4 and VL testing, the percentage of adults with CD4 or VL tests, and among those having a test, the percentage starting ART with advanced HIV disease (CD4 count <200 cells/mm3) or failing to suppress viral replication (>1000 HIV‐RNA copies/mL) after ART initiation. We used mixed effect logistic regression to assess time trends adjusted for age and sex.ResultsAmong 502,456 adults, the percentage with CD4 testing at ART initiation decreased from a high of 78.1% in 2008 to a low of 38.0% in 2017; the probability declined by 14% each year (odds ratio (OR) 0.86; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.86). Frequency of CD4 testing also declined. The percentage starting ART with advanced HIV disease declined from 83.3% in 2005 to 23.5% in 2018; each year the probability declined by 20% (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.80 to 0.81). VL testing after starting ART varied; 61.0% of adults in South Africa and 10.7% in Malawi were tested, but fewer than 2% were tested in the other four countries. The probability of VL testing after ART start increased only modestly each year (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.06). The percentage with unsuppressed VL was 8.6%. There was no evidence of a decrease in unsuppressed VL over time (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.01).ConclusionsCD4 cell counting declined over time, including testing at the start of ART, despite the fact that many patients still initiated ART with advanced HIV disease. Without CD4 testing and expanded VL testing many patients with advanced HIV disease and treatment failure may go undetected, threatening the effectiveness of ART in sub‐Saharan Africa.