bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genesis and Tectonic Implications of the Kabr El‐Bonaya Ultramafic Rocks, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt: Constraints from Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics
Authors: MOGAHED Moustafa Mohammed 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Kabr El‐Bonaya mafic–ultramafic intrusion is exposed along the southeastern border of the Sinai Peninsula and the northernmost segment of the Arabian‐Nubian Shield (ANS). It occurs as an elliptical intrusive body that is located along the major NE–SW trending fracture zones that prevail in the Kid metamorphic complex. The ultramafic rocks in the complex comprise ultramafic cumulates of peridotites (dunite, harzburgite and wehrlite) and pyroxenite. These rocks are generally unmetamorphosed and have intrusive contacts with the country rock. Mineral chemistry and whole‐rock chemical compositions of these ultramafic rocks are mostly consistent with those of residual mantle peridotites from refractory supra‐subduction tectonic settings. Based on the variations of the major elements, the studied ultramafic rocks are consistent with those of a supra‐subduction zone mantle, as it seems to have melted at 1–2 GPa and 1300–1450°C. Linear variations of Al2O3, CaO, V and Ni with MgO, coupled with incompatible and rare‐earth‐element depletion and mineral compositions, suggest prior events of partial melting in both wehrlites and harzburgites. The LREE enrichment in the harzburgite, as well as the development of Cr‐rich spinel, is consistent with a history of melt–peridotite interaction. The calculated (Sm/Yb)N variations for the studied peridotites indicate a general increase in the addition of fluids with an increasing degree of melting from the wehrlite (∼13–15 wt% of fluid) in the source, after initial spinel peridotite melting to the harzburgite (∼20–25 wt% of fluid) in the same source, which is contrary to normal abyssal peridotites. The estimated equilibration temperature ranges from 1214 to 1321°C for the studied wehrlites and from 1297 to 1374°C for harzburgites. The Mg‐rich nature of the analysed olivines from the studied ultramafic rocks (Fo = 81.41 to 91.77) reflect their primary composition and are similar to olivines in Alaskan‐type ultramafic rocks. The Fo content of the analyzed olivines decrease slightly from the dunite to the harzburgite to the wehrlite and to pyroxenite, reflecting a fractional crystallization trend. The high Cr# and very low TiO2 contents (0.03–0.12 wt%) of the Cr‐spinels from the studied peridotites are mostly consistent with modern highly refractory fore‐arc peridotites, indicating that these peridotites developed in a supra‐subduction zone environment.
Production of Potash and N‐Mg Compound Fertilizer via Mineral Shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake: Phase Diagrams of Quaternary System (NH4)2SO4‐MgSO4‐K2SO4‐H2O in the Isothermal Evaporation and Crystallization Process
Authors: LI Cheng , CHEN Xueqing , GUO Hongfei , ZHOU Xue , CAO Jilin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBased on the requirement of the new technology for producing potassium sulfate and N‐Mg compound fertilizer, boussingaultite, by the reaction of the mineral shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake, Qinghai province, and the industrial byproduct ammonium sulfate, the solubilities of the quaternary system (NH4)2SO4‐MgSO4‐K2SO4‐H2O at 25.0°C in the isothermal evaporation and crystallization process were measured using the isothermal evaporation method, and the corresponding phase diagrams were plotted. According to the diagram, this system contains six saturation points and six solid phase fields of crystallization, which correspond to (K1‐m,(NH4)m)2SO4, (NH4)2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O, K2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O, MgSO4·6H2O, (K1‐n,(NH4)n)2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O and MgSO4·7H2O, respectively. By analyzing and calculating the isothermal evaporation and dissolution phase diagram of this quaternary system at 25.0°C, K2SO4 and (NH4) 2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O can be separated via K2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O and (NH4)2SO4 as raw materials. Theoretical calculations about the proposed process were carried out and verified by experiment, which indicated that the yield of potassium sulfate was improved and the magnesium resources were fully utilized.
Clinical impact of frailty among patients with severe vital sign derangement: An observational study
Authors: Bech Laura K. , Lindhardt Anne , Meyhoff Christian S. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundFrailty is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and frail patients may have reduced ability to tolerate severe vital sign derangement such as estimated by a high National Early Warning Score (NEWS). The clinical impact of frailty among patients that develop high NEWS during hospital admissions is sparsely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between clinical frailty and admission to intensive care unit (ICU) among these patients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study from November 2017 to January 2018. We included adult patients admitted to general wards that during hospitalization developed severe vital sign derangement defined as NEWS ≥7. Patients were without treatment restrictions at inclusion. Primary exposure was frailty as assessed by the Clinical Frailty Scale. Primary outcome was ICU admission within 90 days, which was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsWe included 109 patients with NEWS ≥7, of which 61 patients (56%) were frail. Ten of the 61 frail patients (16%) were admitted to ICU compared to 9 of the 48 non‐frail patients (19%), adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.92 (95% CI 0.32‐2.62). Frail patients were more likely to have new treatment restrictions (aOR 2.91; 95% CI 1.26‐6.71). Their aOR for mortality was 1.95 (95% CI 0.84‐4.55).ConclusionFrail patients with severe vital sign derangement during acute hospital admissions were not more likely to be admitted to ICU nor was mortality higher. Treatment restrictions were more frequent among frail patients after vital sign derangements developed.
Common genetic substrates of alcohol and substance use disorder severity revealed by pleiotropy detection against GWAS catalog in two populations
Authors: Peng Qian , Wilhelmsen Kirk C. , Ehlers Cindy L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlcohol and other substance use disorders (AUD and SUD) are complex diseases that are postulated to have a polygenic inheritance and are often comorbid with other disorders. The comorbidities may arise partially through genetic pleiotropy. Identification of specific gene variants accounting for large parts of the variance in these disorders has yet to be accomplished. We describe a flexible strategy that takes a variant‐trait association database and determines if a subset of disease/straits are potentially pleiotropic with the disorder under study. We demonstrate its usage in a study of use disorders in two independent cohorts: alcohol, stimulants, cannabis (CUD), and multi‐substance use disorders (MSUD) in American Indians (AI) and AUD and CUD in Mexican Americans (MA). Using a machine learning method with variants in GWAS catalog, we identified 229 to 246 pleiotropic variants for AI and 153 to 160 for MA for each SUD. Inflammation was the most enriched for MSUD and AUD in AIs. Neurological disorder was the most significantly enriched for CUD in both cohorts, and for AUD and stimulants in AIs. Of the select pleiotropic genes shared among substances‐cohorts, multiple biological pathways implicated in SUD and other psychiatric disorders were enriched, including neurotrophic factors, immune responses, extracellular matrix, and circadian regulation. Shared pleiotropic genes were significantly up‐regulated in brain regions playing important roles in SUD, down‐regulated in esophagus mucosa, and differentially regulated in adrenal gland. This study fills a gap for pleiotropy detection in understudied admixed populations and identifies pleiotropic variants that may be potential targets of interest for SUD.
Weighted burden analysis of exome‐sequenced late‐onset Alzheimer's cases and controls provides further evidence for a role for PSEN1 and suggests involvement of the PI3K/Akt/GSK‐3β and WNT signalling pathways
Authors: Curtis David , Bakaya Kaushiki , Sharma Leona , Bandyopadhyay Sreejan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have implicated common and rare genetic variants as risk factors for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Here, weighted burden analysis was applied to over 10,000 exome‐sequenced subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project. Analyses were carried out to investigate whether rare variants predicted to have a functional effect within a gene were more commonly seen in cases or in controls. Confirmatory results were obtained for TREM2, ABCA7, and SORL1. Additional support was provided for PSEN1 (p = 0.0002), which previously had been only weakly implicated in LOAD. There was suggestive evidence that functional variants in PIK3R1, WNT7A, C1R, and EXOC5 might increase risk and that variants in TIAF1 and/or NDRG2 might have a protective effect. Overall, there was strong evidence (p = 5 × 10−6) that variants in tyrosine phosphatase genes reduce the risk of developing LOAD. Because PIK3R1 variants are expected to impair PI3K/Akt/GSK‐3β signalling while variants in tyrosine phosphatase genes would enhance it, these findings are in line with those from animal models, suggesting that this pathway is protective against Alzheimer's disease.
European Academy of Andrology (EAA) guidelines on investigation, treatment and monitoring of functional hypogonadism in males
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Huhtaniemi Ilpo , Zitzmann Michael , Toppari Jorma , Forti Gianni , Vanderschueren Dirk , Wu Frederick C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvidence regarding functional hypogonadism, previously referred to as ‘late‐onset’ hypogonadism, has increased substantially during the last 10 year.ObjectiveTo update the European Academy of Andrology (EAA) guidelines on functional hypogonadism.MethodsExpert group of academicians appointed by the EAA generated a series of consensus recommendations according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system.ResultsThe diagnosis of functional hypogonadism should be based on both the presence of clinical symptoms supported by repeatedly low morning fasting serum total testosterone (T) measured with a well‐validated assay, after exclusion of organic causes of hypogonadism. Lifestyle changes and weight reduction should be the first approach in all overweight and obese men. Whenever possible, withdrawal/modification of drugs potentially interfering with T production should be advised. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is contraindicated in men with untreated prostate or breast cancer, as well as severe heart failure. Severe low urinary tract symptoms and haematocrit >48%‐50% represent relative contraindications for TRT. Prostate‐specific antigen and digital rectal examination of the prostate should be undertaken in men >40 years of age before initiating TRT to exclude occult prostate cancer. Transdermal T should be preferred for initiation of TRT, whereas gonadotrophin therapy is only recommended when fertility is desired in men with secondary hypogonadism. TRT is able to improve sexual function in hypogonadal men. Other potential positive outcomes of TRT remain uncertain and controversial.ConclusionTRT can reliably improve global sexual function in men with hypogonadism in the short term. Long‐term clinical benefits, and safety of TRT in functional hypogonadism, remain to be fully documented. Clinicians should therefore explicitly discuss the uncertainties and benefits of TRT and engage them in shared management decision‐making.
Angiographic biomarkers of filtering bleb function after XEN gel implantation for glaucoma: an optical coherence tomography‐angiography study
Authors: Mastropasqua Rodolfo , Brescia Lorenza , Di Antonio Luca , Guarini Daniele , Giattini Dario , Zuppardi Eduardo , Agnifili Luca 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate, using optical coherence tomography‐angiography (OCT‐A), the vascular features of good bleb function after XEN gel implantation (XGI) for uncontrolled glaucoma.MethodsForty‐three patients (43 eyes), who underwent XGI, were enrolled. According to the intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, patients were classified into Group 1 (21 eyes; success) and Group 2 (22 eyes; failure). Optical coherence tomography‐angiography (OCT‐A) was performed to image the vascularization of the conjunctival bleb‐wall. The main outcomes were as follows: vessel displacement areas (VDAs), major vessel displacement area (MVDA; mm2), non‐flow whole area (NFWA; mm2) and bleb‐wall vessel density (BVD; %). Co‐registered B‐scans were also considered to evaluate the bleb‐wall cyst‐like structure density and area (BCSD, cysts/mm2; BCSA, mm2), and the bleb‐wall thickness (BT, µm).ResultsMean postoperative follow‐up was 7.5 ± 0.14 months; Group 1 and 2 IOP were 14.0 ± 2.5 and 25.3 ± 2.1 mmHg, respectively (p < 0.001). Greater VDA (p < 0.001), MVDA (p = 0.046) and NFWA (p = 0.001) values, and lower BVD (p < 0.001) was found in Group 1 compared to Group 2. Group 1 showed higher BSCD, BSCA and BT values compared to Group 2 (p < 0.001). Postoperative IOP positively correlated with BVD (r = 0.567; p = 0.003), but negatively with VDAs, MVDA (r = −0.581, p = 0.002; r = −0.619, p = 0.001, respectively), BCSD, BCSA (r = −0.580; p = 0.002; r = −0.664; p < 0.001) and BT (r = −0.627, p = 0.001).ConclusionSuccessful filtration blebs after XGI present numerous and large areas of vessel displacement within the bleb‐wall, along with a rarefied vascular network. These OCT‐A features can be considered angiographic biomarkers of a good aqueous humour percolation through the bleb‐wall layers.
Attitudes Toward Separating Immigrant Families at the United States–Mexico Border
Authors: Rowatt Wade C. , Al‐Kire Rosemary L. , Dunn Hilary , Leman Joseph 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe primary aims of this project were to estimate levels of agreement or opposition with immigrant family separation at the U.S.–Mexico border and to identify psychological variables that account for variability in attitudes toward immigrant family separation. In Study 1, a sample designed to be representative of Americans in the United States responded to a question about the zero‐tolerance policy that resulted in immigrant family separation. In Study 2, participants in two convenience samples completed online surveys with measures of perceived threat posed by immigrants, dehumanization, social dominance, political ideology, religiosity, and immigrant family separation. Across samples, the majority of respondents opposed separating immigrant families. Conservative political ideology was a consistent correlate of support for immigrant family separation. Dehumanization of immigrants and social dominance orientation also accounted for unique variability in support for immigrant family separation. Given the potentially harmful effects of extended parent‐child separation caused by the zero‐tolerance policy, it is important to understand the roles of dehumanization, social dominance, and ideology in attitudes toward immigration policies. Predictors of support for restrictive policies could be targets of individual or community‐level interventions designed to reduce immigrant prejudice. Directions for future research and implications for U.S. communities and policies affecting immigrants are discussed.
Longitudinal outcomes with cancer multigene panel testing in previously testedBRCA1/2negative patients
Authors: Bradbury Angela R. , Egleston Brian L. , Patrick‐Miller Linda J. , Rustgi Neil , Brandt Amanda , Brower Jamie , DiGiovanni Laura , Fetzer Dominique , Berkelbach Christopher , Long Jessica M. , Powers Jacquelyn , Stopfer Jill E. , Domchek Susan M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough multigene panel testing (MGPT) is increasingly utilized in clinical practice, there remain limited data on patient‐reported outcomes.BRCA 1/2negative patients were contacted and offered MGPT. Patients completed pre‐ and posttest counseling, and surveys assessing cognitive, affective and behavioral outcomes at baseline, postdisclosure and 6 and 12 months. Of 317 eligibleBRCA1/2negative patients who discussed the study with research staff, 249 (79%) enrolled. Decliners were more likely to be older, non‐White, and recruited by mail or email. Ninety‐five percent of enrolled patients proceeded with MGPT. There were no significant changes in anxiety, depression, cancer specific distress or uncertainty postdisclosure. There were significant but small increases in knowledge, cancer‐specific distress and depression at 6‐12 months. Uncertainty declined over time. Those with a VUS had significant decreases in uncertainty but also small increases in cancer specific distress at 6 and 12 months. Among those with a positive result, medical management recommendations changed in 26% of cases and 2.6% of all tested. MostBRCA1/2negative patients have favorable psychosocial outcomes after receipt of MGPT results, although small increases in depression and cancer‐specific worry may exist and may vary by result. Medical management changed in few patients.
Clinical and laboratory passive fit assessment of implant‐supported zirconia restorations fabricated using conventional and digital workflow
Authors: Rutkunas Vygandas , Larsson Christel , Vult von Steyern Per , Mangano Francesco , Gedrimiene Agne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term success of implant‐supported restorations can be affected by the accuracy of the prosthodontic workflow which may differ between conventional and digital techniques.PurposeThe purpose was to compare the fit of two‐implant‐supported restorations, fabricated using conventional and digital workflows and to assess the influence of distance and angulation between the implants on the passive fit of the prosthesis. The SR test was selected to evaluate the fit of two‐implant‐supported zirconia restorations.Materials and MethodsForty‐eight zirconia two‐implant‐supported restorations were fabricated according to conventional (group C, n = 24) and digital (group D, n = 24) workflows. The SR parameter was calculated as a difference of rotation angles of each screw in passive and nonpassive situations. SR values between groups C and D were compared by performing measurements intraorally, on master and control casts.ResultsSR intraorally in group C (16.25 ± 15.52°) was higher than it was in group D (13.85 ± 10.78°), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .557). While measuring SR on the master cast, group C SR (6.04 ± 7.43°) had lower values than group D (13.12 ± 13.86°) (P = .0039). No statistically significant correlations were found between SR measurements and inter‐implant distance or angulation. Restorations with inter‐implant angle higher than 10° differed significantly from those with less than 10° angulation.ConclusionsDigital restorations had a better fit on the control cast, which was used as a reference in this study. Angulation of more than 10° between the implants could negatively affect the passive fit of the digitally fabricated restorations intraorally.
Data on implant failures will show different results depending on how patients are compiled and analyzed: A retrospective study on 3902 individual patients treated either with one single implant or implants in the edentulous upper jaw
Authors: Torsten Jemt 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeThe basic aim of the present study was to analyze the results of implant failures in two different implant populations, and how these results may vary depending on how the data are compiled and analyzed.Materials and MethodsTwo groups of consecutively treated patients were included who had been provided with either one single implant in a partially edentulous upper jaw (1881 patients) or four to eight implants in an edentulous upper jaw (2031 patients/12 454 implants). The risk of implant failure in the two groups separately and in combination was statistically compared by using uni‐ and multivariable analyses.ResultsThe two groups showed significant differences in inclusion, surgical treatment protocols, and the risk of implant failures (P < .05). Overall, 25‐year patient‐level cumulative survival rates (CSRs) were 75.8% and 96.3% for edentulous and single implant treatment, respectively. “Dental condition” was the variable associated with the greatest risk of implant failure (HR 6.00; edentulous). Only one variable was significantly associated with the risk of implant failure in all tested groups (“time after surgery”; a decreased risk was observed over time), and more variables were statistically associated with implant failures in the edentulous group than in the single implant group.ConclusionsEdentulous patients present a significantly and substantially higher risk of implant failures than patients provided with a single implant. When patients with different clinical conditions are pooled into the same group, patients with the most common condition in the total group have greatest impact on the result of the total group. Based on the present observations, risk patterns for a certain oral condition are not necessarily comparable with the implant treatment received by other patients, and the external validity may be limited in small, homogeneous groups of patients.
IL‐6 promotes metastasis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer by up‐regulating TIM‐4 via NF‐κB
Authors: Liu Wen , Wang Hongxing , Bai Fuxiang , Ding Lu , Huang Yanyan , Lu Changchang , Chen Siyuan , Li Chunyang , Yue Xuetian , Liang Xiaohong , Ma Chunhong , Xu Liyun , Gao Lifen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesInterleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is critical for the development of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, we identified T‐cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 4 (TIM‐4) as a new pro‐growth player in NSCLC progression. However, the role of TIM‐4 in IL‐6‐promoted NSCLC migration, invasion and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains unclear.Materials and MethodsExpressions of TIM‐4 and IL‐6 were both evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in NSCLC tissues. Real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blot, flow cytometry and RT‐PCR were performed to detect TIM‐4 expression in NSCLC cells with IL‐6 stimulation. The roles of TIM‐4 in IL‐6 promoting migration and invasion of NSCLC were detected by transwell assay. EMT‐related markers were analysed by qPCR and Western blot in vitro, and metastasis was evaluated in BALB/c nude mice using lung cancer metastasis mouse model in vivo.ResultsHigh IL‐6 expression was identified as an independent predictive factor for TIM‐4 expression in NSCLC tissues. NSCLC patients with TIM‐4 and IL‐6 double high expression showed the worst prognosis. IL‐6 promoted TIM‐4 expression in NSCLC cells depending on NF‐κB signal pathway. Both TIM‐4 and IL‐6 promoted migration, invasion and EMT of NSCLC cells. Interestingly, TIM‐4 knockdown reversed the role of IL‐6 in NSCLC and IL‐6 promoted metastasis of NSCLC by up‐regulating TIM‐4 via NF‐κB.ConclusionsTIM‐4 involves in IL‐6 promoted migration, invasion and EMT of NSCLC.