bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern measures of sedentary behaviour in adults: A literature review
Authors: Boerema Simone T , van Velsen Lex , Vollenbroek Miriam MR , Hermens Hermie J 
Published: February 2020

Objective With sensors, we are increasingly able to assess sitting behaviour during the day. However, there is no consensus among researchers on the best outcome measures for representing the accumulation of sedentary time during the day. Methods We analysed the pattern measures of sedentary behaviour. Articles reporting patterns measures in adults, in which behaviour data was collected with a sensor were included. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the pattern measures of sedentary behaviour and provide recommendations for choosing objective measures of sedentary behaviour. Results Most studies report the number of sitting bouts during the day. Others focus on the number of breaks and/or periods of physical activity. Simple measures of sedentary behaviour were most popular. More complex pattern measures, such as the Gini index or the half-life bout duration, that capture the distribution of lengths of sitting periods in a single number, were reported sparsely. The sedentary patterns that were reported in the various studies were difficult to compare, due to the differences among measurement devices, data analysis protocols and a lack of basic outcome parameters such as total wear-time and total sedentary time. Conclusions Objective sedentary measures can be grouped into simple and complex measures of sedentary time accumulation during the day. These measures serve different goals. The answer to the question as to which measures are most suitable to report, is strongly dependent on the research question. We have shown that the reported measures were dependent on (a) the sensing method, (b) the classification method, (c) the experimental and data cleaning protocol and (d) the applied definitions of bouts and breaks. We recommend that studies should always report total wear-time, total sedentary time, number of bouts and at least one measure describing the diversity of bout lengths in the sedentary behaviour such as the half-life bout duration. Additionally, we recommend reporting the measurement conditions and data processing steps.
Synchrotron Radiation InfraRed microspectroscopy and imaging in the characterization of archaeological materials and cultural heritage artefacts
Authors: MARCELLI Augusto , CINQUE Gianfelice 
Published: February 2020

Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a widespread and highly sensitive analytical method for the identification and characterization of a wide range of materials via their infrared (IR) absorption bands. Until now, the potential of IR microspectroscopy and imaging for the characterization of works of art or other objects of cultural heritage significance has been only partially exploited; in particular the use of the synchrotron radiation (SR) IR microprobe to study, at the micron scale, materials of interest for archaeological and cultural heritage studies has become popular only in the past decade.
One of the main requirements imposed on the studies of ancient and/or valuable materials is that the techniques applied must be non-destructive. In this scenario, SR-based FTIR methods are perfectly suitable. Moreover, IR spectroscopy and imaging are emerging techniques that combine the assets of IR in terms of molecular specificity with the unique properties of synchrotron light. SR-FTIR micro-spectroscopy offers great advantages over conventional methods because it provides a broader spectrum (down to THz) and higher spectral quality (signal/noise ratio) at the highest spatial resolution (diffraction limited). This is due to the high brilliance and collimation of SR-IR, while still being non-damaging to the investigated system. The unique SR-IR parameters are essential for the compositional analysis of the tiny, sub-millimetric samples characteristic of ancient materials, which are heterogeneous by nature, and with complex molecular distributions at extremely variable concentrations.
SR-FTIR spectroscopy and imaging can be applied successfully to the characterization of organic and inorganic materials via so-called IR fingerprinting, as well as for their compositional quantification. The range of materials investigated is very broad and encompasses painting materials, stones, glasses, ceramics, coatings on metals, paper and wooden materials, canvas or other textiles, organic colourants, resins, varnishes, cosmetics, and binding media such as glues, waxes, oils, etc. SR-IR-based methods can also be used to understand the historical technologies and to identify the raw materials used to produce archaeological artefacts and art objects, and to improve stabilization, conservation and restoration practices.
Selected applications of SR-FTIR methods are discussed with a special emphasis on the chemical and mineralogical characterization of ancient paintings, on the study of alteration and corrosion layers, and the separation and identification of pigments. New perspectives offered by existing facilities and new developments in IR imaging and advanced vibrational spectroscopy that may broaden the variety of archaeological and historical materials that may be studied are outlined.
Robust methods and conditional expectations for vehicular traffic count analysis
Authors: Kilpi Jorma , Norros Ilkka , Kuusela Pirkko , Malin Fanny , Räty Tomi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study the problem of making algorithmic statistical inferences about the dynamics of city traffic. Our data is based on loop detector counts of observed vehicles in various roads in the city of Tampere, Finland. We show that meaningful correlations can be found between traffic asymmetries at different measurement locations. The traffic asymmetry is the difference of the traffic counts of the opposite directions of a road. The correlations can be further quantified by estimating how much they effect on the average values of the traffic asymmetries at the neighbouring locations. Conditional expectations, both sample and binormal model-based versions are useful tools for quantifying this effect. The uncertainty bounds of conditional expectations of the binormal model distribution are extremely useful for outlier detection. Furthermore, conditional expectations of the multinormal distribution model can be used to recover missing data with bounds to uncertainty.
Integrative analysis of outer membrane vesicles proteomics and whole-cell transcriptome analysis of eravacycline induced Acinetobacter baumannii strains
Authors: Kesavan DineshKumar , Vasudevan Aparna , Wu Liang , Chen Jianguo , Su Zhaoliang , Wang Shengjun , Xu Huaxi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) hazardous bacterium with very high antimicrobial resistance profiles. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) help directly and/or indirectly towards antibiotic resistance in these organisms. The present study aims to look on the proteomic profile of OMV as well as on the bacterial transcriptome upon exposure and induction with eravacycline, a new synthetic fluorocycline. RNA sequencing analysis of whole-cell and LC-MS/MS proteomic profiling of OMV proteome abundance were done to identify the differential expression among the eravacycline-induced A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and A. baumannii clinical strain JU0126.

Results
The differentially expressed genes from the RNA sequencing were analysed using R package and bioinformatics software and tools. Genes encoding drug efflux and membrane transport were upregulated among the DEGs from both ATCC 19606 and JU0126 strains. As evident with the induction of eravacycline resistance, ribosomal proteins were upregulated in both the strains in the transcriptome profiles and also resistance pumps, such as MFS, RND, MATE and ABC transporters. High expression of stress and survival proteins were predominant in the OMVs proteome with ribosomal proteins, chaperons, OMPs OmpA, Omp38 upregulated in ATCC 19606 strain and ribosomal proteins, toluene tolerance protein, siderophore receptor and peptidases in the JU0126 strain. The induction of resistance to eravacycline was supported by the presence of upregulation of ribosomal proteins, resistance-conferring factors and stress proteins in both the strains of A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and JU0126, with the whole-cell gene transcriptome towards both resistance and stress genes while the OMVs proteome enriched more with survival proteins.

Conclusion
The induction of resistance to eravacycline in the strains were evident with the increased expression of ribosomal and transcription related genes/proteins. Apart from this resistance-conferring efflux pumps, outer membrane proteins and stress-related proteins were also an essential part of the upregulated DEGs. However, the expression profiles of OMVs proteome in the study was independent with respect to the whole-cell RNA expression profiles with low to no correlation. This indicates the possible role of OMVs to be more of back-up additional protection to the existing bacterial cell defence during the antibacterial stress.
Sublethal application of various sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides favors outcrossing and hybrid seed production in oilseed rape
Authors: Yu Cheng-Yu , Lian Jing-long , Gong Qiong , Ren Li-Suo , Huang Zhen , Xu Ai-Xia , Dong Jun-Gang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides from the chemical families of sulfonylureas and imidazolinones are used worldwide. However, drift or sprayer contamination from some sulfonylurea herbicides causes a high level of male sterility in cruciferous species, especially oilseed rape (OSR). In this paper, we evaluated the gametocidal effects of 27 ALS-inhibiting herbicides that were sprayed on OSR plants at the bolting stage.

Results
OSR anther development was very sensitive to sublethal exposure to most ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The application of 18 out of the 20 tested sulfonylureas (except ethametsulfuron and ethoxysulfuron), two imidazolinones (imazethapyr and imazamox), and one sulfonylamino-carbonyltriazolinone (flucarbazone-sodium) at suitable rates could induce male sterility. Eight of the herbicides, including chlorsulfuron (at application rates of 60–120 mg/ha), halosulfuron-methyl (300–600 mg/ha), sulfosulfuron (400–600 mg/ha), triflusulfuron-methyl (500–750 mg/ha), pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (150–225 mg/ha), nicosulfuron (200–300 mg/ha), imazethapyr (750–1125 mg/ha), and imazamox (400–800 mg/ha), could induce over 90% male sterility and over 60% relative outcrossed seed set in six cultivars with different origins. These eight chemicals could be used as new gametocides for hybrid seed production. This study also examined the possibility of external application of these gametocides on several unstable Polima cytoplasmic male sterile and thermosensitive genic male sterile lines. Although the outcrossed seed set of the treated lines was slightly reduced, the gametocide application significantly increased the seed purity of the resulting hybrid.

Conclusion
The finding of the gametocidal effects of most sulfonylureas and imidazolinones are of great importance for developing new functions for ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The application of gametocides will also greatly promote the safe utilization of environment-sensitive male sterility in hybrid seed production. Unexpectedly, the application of three triazolopyrimidines (florasulam, flumetsulam, and penoxsulam) and one pyrimidinylthiobenzoate (bispyribac-sodium) did not cause male sterility, although these herbicides obviously inhibited the activity of ALS and plant growth. This result suggests that inhibition of ALS activity does not always lead to male sterility in plants, and these gametocides may also inhibit other biological functions vital for microspore development.
“We need a one-stop-shop”: co-creating the model of care for a multidisciplinary memory clinic with community members, GPs, aged care workers, service providers, and policy-makers
Authors: Steiner Genevieve Z. , Ee Carolyn , Dubois Shamieka , MacMillan Freya , George Emma S. , McBride Kate A. , Karamacoska Diana , McDonald Keith , Harley Anne , Abramov Gamze , Andrews-Marney Elana R. , Cave Adele E. , Hohenberg Mark I. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Timely diagnosis of dementia has a wide range of benefits including reduced hospital emergency department presentations, admissions and inpatient length of stay, and improved quality of life for patients and their carers by facilitating access to treatments that reduce symptoms, and allow time to plan for the future. Memory clinics can provide such services, however there is no 'gold standard' model of care. This study involved the co-creation of a model of care for a new multidisciplinary memory clinic with local community members, General Practitioners (GPs), policy-makers, community aged care workers, and service providers.

Methods
Data collection comprised semi-structured interviews (N = 98) with 20 GPs, and three 2-h community forums involving 53 seniors and community/local government representatives, and 25 community healthcare workers. Interviews and community forums were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded by thematic analysis using Quirkos.

Results
GPs’ attitudes towards their role in assessing people with dementia varied. Many GPs reported that they found it useful for patients to have a diagnosis of dementia, but required support from secondary care to make the diagnosis and assist with subsequent management. Community forum participants felt they had a good knowledge of available dementia resources and services, but noted that these were highly fragmented and needed to be easier to navigate for the patient/carer via a 'one-stop-shop' and the provision of a dementia key worker. Expectations for the services and features of a new memory clinic included diagnostic services, rapid referrals, case management, education, legal services, culturally sensitive and appropriate services, allied health, research participation opportunities, and clear communication with GPs. Participants described several barriers to memory clinic utilisation including transportation access, funding, awareness, and costs.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the importance of working with stakeholders to co-design models of care for people with dementia that take into account the local communities’ needs. Findings pave the way for the development of a potential new “gold standard” memory clinic model of care and operationalise new national clinical guidelines.
Prevalence of Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Melese Addisu , Genet Chalachew , Andualem Tesfaye 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of Vancomycin resistantenterococci(VRE) poses a major public health problem since it was first reported. Although the rising rates of VRE infections are being reported elsewhere in the worldwide; there is limited national pooled data in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of VRE and antimicrobial resistance profiles ofenterococciin Ethiopia.MethodsLiterature search was done at PubMed, EMBASE, Google scholar, African Journals online (AJOL) and Addis Ababa University repository following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Both published and unpublished studies reporting the prevalence of VRE until June 30, 2019 were included. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and copied to Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA 2.0) for analysis. Pooled estimate of VRE was computed using the random effects model and the 95% CIs. The level of heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I2tests. Publication bias was checked by visual inspection of funnel plots and Begg’s and/or Egger’s test.ResultsTwenty studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and found with relevant data. A total of 831enterococciand 71 VRE isolates were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of VRE was 14.8% (95% CI; 8.7–24.3;I2 = 74.05%;P <  0.001). Compared to vancomycin resistance,enterococcihad higher rate of resistance to Penicillin (60.7%), Amoxicillin (56.5%), Doxycycline (55.1%) and Tetracycline (53.7%). Relatively low rate of resistance was found for Daptomycin and Linezolid with a pooled estimate of 3.2% (95% CI, 0.5–19.7%) and 9.9% (95% CI, 2.8–29.0%); respectively. The overall pooled multidrug resistance (MDR) rate ofenterococciwas 60.0% (95% CI, 42.9–75.0%).ConclusionThe prevalence of VRE and drug resistantenterococciare on the rise in Ethiopia. Enterococcal isolates showed resistance to one or more of the commonly prescribed drugs in different or the same drug lines. Multidrug resistant (MDR)enterococciwere also found. Although the rates were low, the emergence of resistance to Daptomycin and Linezolid is an alarm for searching new ways for the treatment and control of VRE infections. Adherence to antimicrobial stewardship, comprehensive testing and ongoing monitoring of VRE infections in the health care settings are required.
Staphylococcal species less frequently isolated from human clinical specimens - are they a threat for hospital patients?
Authors: Szemraj Magdalena , Grazul Magdalena , Balcerczak Ewa , Szewczyk Eligia M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Coagulase-negative staphylococci belonging to S. haemolyticus, S. hominis subsp. hominis, S. simulans, and S. warneri are often described as etiological factors of infections. Staphylococci are a phylogenetically coherent group; nevertheless, there are differences among the species which may be important to clinicians.

Methods
We investigated selected virulence factors and antibiotic resistance that were phenotypically demonstrated, the presence and expression of genes encoding the virulence factors, and the type of the SCCmec cassette.

Results
The differences between the tested species were revealed. A great number of isolates produced a biofilm and many of them contained single icaADBC operon genes. Clear differences between species in the lipolytic activity spectrum could be related to their ability to cause various types of infections. Our studies also revealed the presence of genes encoding virulence factors homologous to S. aureus in the analysed species such as enterotoxin and pvl genes, which were also expressed in single isolates of S. simulans and S. warneri. S. haemolyticus and S. hominis subsp. hominis isolates were resistant to all clinically important antibiotics including ß-lactams. The identified SCCmec cassettes belonged to IV, V, VII, and IX type but most of the detected cassettes were non-typeable. Among the investigated species, S. hominis subsp. hominis isolates accumulated virulence genes typical for S. aureus in the most efficient way and were widely resistant to antibiotics.

Conclusions
Our results clearly indicated significant differences between the tested species, which might be a result of the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and can lead to the formation and selection of multi-drug resistant strains as well as strains with new virulence features. Such strains can have a new clinical relevance.
Association of tumor necrosis factor-α gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease susceptibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Rui , Zhao Su-Rui , Li Ya , Liu Fang , Gong Yue , Xing Jun , Xu Ze-Sheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of this study was to review relevant case-control studies to determine the association of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility.MethodsUsing appropriate keywords, we identified relevant studies using PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CNKI, VANFUN, and VIP. Key pertinent sources in the literature were also reviewed, and all articles published through April 2019 were considered for inclusion. Based on eligible studies, we performed a meta-analysis of association between 308G/A, 238G/A, 857C/T, 863C/A and 1031 T/C polymorphisms inTNF-αand risk of CAD.ResultsWe found 25 studies that were consistent with this meta-analysis, including 7697 patients in the CAD group and 9655 control patients.TNF-α308G/A locus A showed no significant association with CAD susceptibility by the five models in the analysis of the overall population, European, African, South Asian, and North Asian patients.TNF-α863C/A locus A and 1031 T/C locus C exhibited no significant association with CAD susceptibility.TNF-α238G/A locus A had no significant association with CAD susceptibility in the overall population. However,TNF-α238G/A locus A showed significant association with higher CAD susceptibility in the subgroup of Europeans and north Asians.TNF-α857C/T locus T had no significant association with CAD susceptibility in the analysis of the overall population and Europeans. In the north Asian population,TNF-α857C/T locus T was associated with lower CAD susceptibility by the heterozygote model.ConclusionTNF-α308G/A, 857C/T, 863C/A, and 1031 T/C has no significant association with CAD susceptibility.TNF-α238G/A locus A has significant association with CAD susceptibility in Europeans and north Asians, but has no significant association in the overall population. Studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm the association betweenTNF-α238G/A and CAD susceptibility.
Development of ‘learn to dare!’: An online assessment and intervention platform for anxious children
Authors: Simon Ellin , de Hullu Eva , Bögels Susan , Verboon Peter , Butler Petra , van Groeninge Wendy , Slot Wim , Craske Michelle , Whiteside Stephen , van Lankveld Jacques 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Many children and adolescents suffer from problematic levels of anxiety, but the multitude of these children do not receive an intervention. It is of importance to increase the accessibility and availability of child anxiety interventions, as to identify and treat anxious children early and successfully. Online platforms that include information, assessments and intervention can contribute to this goal. Interventions for child anxiety are frequently based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, because of its strong theoretical and empirical basis. However, the working mechanisms of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in children are poorly studied. To our knowledge, mediation studies on child anxiety are non-existent regarding online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.

Methods
We will aim at children aged 8–13 years with problematic anxiety. We recruit these children via the community setting, and refer them to our online platform ‘Learn to Dare!’ (in Dutch: ‘Leer te Durven!’), https://leertedurven.ou.nl, where information about child anxiety and our research is freely accessible. After an active informed consent procedure, the participants can access the screening procedure, which will select the children with problematic anxiety levels. Thereafter, these children will be randomized to an online intervention based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (n = 120) or to a waitlist control (WL, n = 120). The intervention consists of 8 sessions with minimal therapist support and contains psycho-education, exposure (based on inhibitory learning), cognitive restructuring and relapse prevention. Child anxiety symptoms and diagnoses, cognitions, avoidance behavior and level of abstract reasoning are measured. Assessments are the same for both groups and are performed before and after the proposed working mechanisms are offered during the intervention. A follow-up assessment takes place 3 months after the final session, after which children in the waitlist control group are offered to take part in the intervention.

Discussion
This protocol paper describes the development of the online platform ‘Learn to Dare!’, which includes information about child anxiety, the screening procedure, anxiety assessments, and the online intervention. We describe the development of the online intervention. Offering easy accessible interventions and providing insight into the working mechanisms of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy contributes to optimizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for anxious youth.