bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A MODALIDADE FACULTATIVA NO PORTUGUÊS DO CARIRI: UMA ABORDAGEM DISCURSIVO-FUNCIONAL
Authors: Lima Liliane Viana , Prata Nadja Paulino Pessoa 
Published: May 2020

A modalidade facultativa está ligada às noções de condições físicas/circunstanciais, habilidades e capacidades (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008). Com base nos pressupostos da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008), objetivamos descrever e analisar as possíveis relações existentes entre os tipos de modalidade facultativa e seus meios de expressão no português falado no Cariri, tendo em vista os elementos do Componente Gramatical, mais especificamente os relativos aos Níveis Representacional e Morfossintático. Para isso, utilizamos uma amostra do corpus do PROFALA, referentes à fala do cearense,composto por 60 entrevistas do tipo DID. Após a análise quali-quantitativa, chegamos aos seguintes resultados: (i) o alvo de avaliação mais recorrente foi o ‘orientado-para-oparticipante’, em 97,6% dos casos; (ii) a ‘modalidade facultativa orientada-para-o participante” relaciona-se ao subtipo ‘adquirida’; (iii) os meios de expressão mais usado para manifestação da ‘modalidade facultativa orientada-para-o-participante’ foram os verbos ‘poder’, ‘saber’ e conseguir’. Por fim, com a discussão dos resultados finais encontrados, esperamos contribuir com a descrição e análise da modalidade facultativa no português do Cariri.
Palavras-chave: Gramática Discursivo-Funcional; Modalidade Facultativa; Português Falado no Cariri.
ASPECTOS SINTÁTICOS DA EVIDENCIALIDADE NA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Carioca Cláudia Ramos 
Published: May 2020

Este artigo objetiva identificar e descrever as marcas linguísticas evidenciais manifestas pelos aspectos sintáticos que permitem a distinção entre o enunciador e outra fonte da informação veiculada, analisando por que meios linguísticos o autor do texto sinaliza a fonte daquilo que enuncia. Ao identificar e interpretar as marcas evidenciais na construção do discurso acadêmico, a pesquisa busca contribuir para a explicitação dos efeitos de sentido relacionados à veiculação das informações de forma estratégica, já que essas marcas são utilizadas com propósitos diversificados, tais como o recurso ao chamado “argumento de autoridade”, a busca por atenuação da responsabilidade em relação ao que é dito etc. Nesse intuito, a proposta assumida nesta pesquisa é que, segundo a Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (2008), os aspectos sintáticos são regidos pela pragmática e pela semântica, ou seja, a explicitação das marcas evidencias foi feita considerando-se a ênfase na interação verbal e na intencionalidade (escolha dos efeitos de sentido) do produtor textual.
Palavras-chave: aspectos sintáticos da evidencialidade; Gramática DiscursivoFuncional; Discurso Acadêmico.
Effect of Seaweed Extract Spray on Vegetative and Flowering Growth of Two Narcissus Species
Authors: Al-Khuzaey Ayat H.M. , Al-Asadi Fatimah A.H. 
Published: May 2020

An experiment was carried out in the Cloth Canopy, Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, during the agricultural season 2018-2019, to study the effect of the seaweed extract spray (0, 2 and 4 m.L-1) on vegetative and flowering growth of two Narcissus species. Local white flowers (Narcissus tazetta) and the imported yellow flowers (N. eastertide). A factorial experiment with Randomized Completely Block Design (R.C.B.D) were used, with three replicates, the averages were compared using Least Significant Difference (L.S.D). When the plants reached treated at the emergence completion, leaves were sprayed to wetness full, with three times, the process was repeated every 15 days. The results showed that the white variety was significantly higher as well as plants treated with 4 m.L-1 extract showed significant superiority in all studied traits, the interaction between the white variety and spraying with seaweed extract concentration of 4 m.L-1 had a significant on the number of leaves5.00 leaf plant-1, leaf area 818 cm2, fresh and dry weights (30.16 and 15.70 g) of the vegetative total, flower stem length 45.55 cm, vase life 17.29 day. while the interaction between the yellow species and spraying with seaweed extract concentration of 4 m.L-1 had a significant on fresh and dry weight of the flowers (16.80 and 1.73 g).
Orbital Parameter Determination for Wide Stellar Binary Systems in the Age of Gaia
Authors: Pearce Logan A. , Kraus Adam L. , Dupuy Trent J. , Mann Andrew W. , Newton Elisabeth R. , Tofflemire Benjamin M. , Vanderburg Andrew 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The orbits of binary stars and planets, particularly eccentricities and inclinations, encode the angular momentum within these systems. Within stellar multiple systems, the magnitude and (mis)alignment of angular momentum vectors among stars, disks, and planets probes the complex dynamical processes guiding their formation and evolution. The accuracy of the Gaia catalog can be exploited to enable comparison of binary orbits with known planet or disk inclinations without costly long-term astrometric campaigns. We show that Gaia astrometry can place meaningful limits on orbital elements in cases with reliable astrometry, and discuss metrics for assessing the reliability of Gaia DR2 solutions for orbit fitting. We demonstrate our method by determining orbital elements for three systems (DS Tuc AB, GK/GI Tau, and Kepler-25/KOI-1803) using Gaia astrometry alone. We show that DS Tuc AB’s orbit is nearly aligned with the orbit of DS Tuc Ab, GK/GI Tau’s orbit might be misaligned with their respective protoplanetary disks, and the Kepler-25/KOI-1803 orbit is not aligned with either component’s transiting planetary system. We also demonstrate cases where Gaia astrometry alone fails to provide useful constraints on orbital elements. To enable broader application of this technique, we introduce the python tool lofti_gaiaDR2 to allow users to easily determine orbital element posteriors.
Meteoroid Bombardment of Lunar Poles
Authors: Pokorný Petr , Sarantos Menelaos , Janches Diego , Mazarico Erwan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
While the floors of deep lunar craters are largely shielded from solar radiation and thus provide an ideal thermal environment for water-ice accumulation, meteoroids on highly inclined orbits can easily access permanently shadowed regions and alter the surface properties via hypervelocity impacts. Here we consider the detailed topography of the lunar poles and a dynamical model of meteoroids to quantify the meteoroid mass fluxes, energy deposition, and impact ejecta mass production rates. Our analysis of regions within 5° from the two lunar poles shows that the variations of the meteoroid mass flux, energy flux, and ejecta production rate are within 50% of their median values. We find that the lunar poles are easily accessible by meteoroid impacts, including the permanently shadowed regions. We find a positive correlation between the surface slope and the meteoroid ejecta production rate, a finding that suggests that a higher impact gardening rate on steep crater walls can facilitate mass wasting.
Thermal Formation of Ammonium Carbamate on the Surface of Laboratory Analogs of Carbonaceous Grains in Protostellar Envelopes and Planet-forming Disks
Authors: Potapov Alexey , Jäger Cornelia , Henning Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The catalytic role of dust grain surfaces in the thermal reaction CO2 + 2NH3 → NH4
+NH2COO− was recently demonstrated by our group. The rate coefficients for the reaction at 80 K on the surface of nanometer-sized carbon and silicate grains were measured to be up to three times higher compared to the reaction rate coefficients measured on KBr. In this study, the reaction was performed on carbon grains and on KBr in the extended temperature range of 50–80 K and with the addition of water ice. The reaction activation energy was found to be about three times lower on grains compared to the corresponding ice layer on KBr. Thus, the catalytic role of the dust grain surface in the studied reaction can be related to a reduction of the reaction barrier. Addition of water to NH3:CO2 ice on grains slowed the reaction down. At the H2O:CO2 ratio of 5:1, the reaction was not detected on the experimental timescale. This result calls into question the thermal formation of ammonium carbamate in dense molecular clouds and outer regions of protostellar and protoplanetary environments with dominating water ice mantle chemistry. However, it can still happen in inner regions of protostellar and protoplanetary environments in crystalline ices.
Turbulence and Energetic Particles in Radiative Shock Waves in the Cygnus Loop. I. Shock Properties
Authors: Raymond John C. , Chilingarian Igor V. , Blair William P. , Sankrit Ravi , Slavin Johnathan D. , Burkhart Blakesley 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We have obtained a contiguous set of long-slit spectra of a shock wave in the Cygnus Loop to investigate its structure, which is far from the morphology predicted by 1D models. Proper motions from Hubble Space Telescope images combined with the known distance to the Cygnus Loop provide an accurate shock speed. Earlier analyses of shock spectra estimated the shock speed, postshock density, temperature, and elemental abundances. In this paper we determine several more shock parameters: a more accurate shock speed, ram pressure, density, compression ratio, dust destruction efficiency, magnetic field strength, and vorticity in the cooling region. From the derived shock properties we estimate the emissivities of synchrotron emission in the radio and pion decay emission in the gamma-rays. Both are consistent with the observations if we assume simple adiabatic compression of ambient cosmic-rays as in the van der Laan mechanism. We also find that, although the morphology is far from that predicted by 1D models and the line ratios vary dramatically from point to point, the average spectrum is matched reasonably well by 1D shock models with the shock speed derived from the measured proper motion. A subsequent paper will analyze the development of turbulence in the cooling zone behind the shock.
Onset of Magnetic Explosion in Solar Coronal Jets in Quiet Regions on the Central Disk
Authors: Panesar Navdeep K. , Moore Ronald L. , Sterling Alphonse C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We examine the initiation of 10 coronal jet eruptions in quiet regions on the central disk, thereby avoiding near-limb spicule-forest obscuration of the slow-rise onset of the minifilament eruption. From the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 171 Å 12 s cadence movie of each eruption, we (1) find and compare the start times of the minifilament's slow rise, the jet-base bright point, the jet-base-interior brightening, and the jet spire, and (2) measure the minifilament's speed at the start and end of its slow rise. From (a) these data, (b) prior observations showing that each eruption was triggered by magnetic flux cancelation under the minifilament, and (c) the breakout-reconnection current sheet observed in one eruption, we confirm that quiet-region jet-making minifilament eruptions are miniature versions of CME-making filament eruptions, and surmise that in most quiet-region jets: (1) the eruption starts before runaway reconnection starts, (2) runaway reconnection does not start until the slow-rise speed is at least ∼1 km s−1, and (3) at and before eruption onset, there is no current sheet of appreciable extent. We therefore expect that (i) many CME-making filament eruptions are triggered by flux cancelation under the filament, (ii) emerging bipoles seldom, if ever, directly drive jet production because the emergence is seldom, if ever, fast enough, and (iii) at a separatrix or quasi-separatrix in any astrophysical setting of a magnetic field in low-beta plasma, a current sheet of appreciable extent can be built only dynamically by a magnetohydrodynamic convulsion of the field, not by quasi-static gradual converging of the field.
Customized Ablation Area PTK as a Technique for Salzmann's Degeneration and Other Focal Stromal Pathologies
Authors: Chacra Lily M. , Arba-Mosquera Samuel , Awwad Shady T. 
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE:
To introduce a customized ablation area photo-therapeutic keratectomy (PTK) technique that uses a preoperatively generated laser ablation profile to accurately match and ablate the area of the pathology.

METHODS:
A case of mid-peripheral Salzmann's nodular degeneration causing recurrent epithelial erosion is described. The white-to-white distance, on a slit-lamp image of the patient's eye, was measured by a Placido and dual-Scheimpflug analyzer and used as a scale on a Java-based image processing program to extrapolate the focal corneal pathology's vertical and horizontal dimensions on the corneal plane. The lesion's depth was measured by corneal optical coherence tomography (OCT). Customized ablation area transepithelial PTK, tailored to the exact dimensions of the pathology was then performed in one pass, regionally ablating the area of the pathology only.

RESULTS:
Complete epithelial healing was observed by the next day with unaltered visual acuity of 20/20. Corneal OCT performed at 1 and 3 months postoperatively showed near-complete resolution of the lesion. The patient was followed up for a total of 6 months with no reported symptoms of corneal erosions.

CONCLUSIONS:
The application of a customized laser ablation area in the treatment of Salzmann's nodular degeneration and other focal stromal pathologies avoids unnecessary epithelial and stromal ablation. This contributes to faster visual recovery and less refractive impact, especially for peripheral lesions.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(5):340–344.]
Fractional iron absorption from enteric-coated ferrous sulphate tablet
Authors: Thankachan Prashanth , Bose Beena , Subramanian Rajarajan , Koneri Raju , Kurpad Anura V. 
Published: May 2020

Background & objectives:
Iron supplementation is widely used public health measure to manage iron deficiency anaemia. In India, enteric-coated iron tablets are administered to adolescent boys and girls to avoid adverse effects such as gastritis, which reduces compliance, but this may result in poor iron absorption. Data on the absorption of iron from enteric-coated ferrous sulphate tablets are lacking. The present study using stable isotopic approach was aimed to measure iron absorption in iron deficient women.

Methods:
Iron absorption was measured from stable isotope-labelled enteric-coated ferrous sulphate (57Fe, ECFS) and uncoated ferrous sulphate (58Fe, UCFS) tablets in iron-deficient (n=9) women, aged 18-40 yr with no infection or inflammation. The two types of tablets (ECFS and UCFS) were administered on consecutive days, 60 min after breakfast, and the sequence being random. Blood samples were collected before dosing, and on day 15, to measure iron absorption from the shift in iron isotopic ratios in haemoglobin.

Results:
Eight women completed the iron absorption study. Iron absorption was found to be significantly lower in ECFS compared to UCFS (3.5 vs. 12%, P<0.05) consumption.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our study showed poor iron bioavailability from ECFS, and supplementation programmes may consider UCFS tablets for better haematological outcomes.
Genotype analysis of ofloxacin-resistant multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in a multicentered study from India
Authors: Gupta Anamika , Sinha Pallavi , Rathod Sunita , Shanmugam Siva Kumar , Uma Devi K.R. , Anupurba Shampa , Nema Vijay 
Published: May 2020

Background & objectives:
Drug resistance surveillance offers useful information on trends of drug resistance and the efficacy of control measures. Studies and reports of drug-resistant mutations and phenotypic assays thus become important. This study was conducted to investigate the molecular characteristics of ofloxacin (OFX)-resistant, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isolates from different geographical regions of India and their association with strains of different genotypes. Further, the nitrate reductase assay (NRA) was tested against Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) for the determination of OFX resistance as an alternative and cost-effective method.

Methods:
A total of 116 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were used to assess the mutations in the gyrA, gyrB genes and resistance levels to OFX. Mutational analysis in gyrA and gyrB genes and genotype analysis of M. tuberculosis isolates was done by gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by DNA sequencing and spoligotyping, respectively.

Results:
Three (6.25%), 12 (44.44%) and 12 (29.27%) MDR-TB isolates from western, northern and southern India, respectively, were found to be OFX-resistant MDR-TB isolates. OFX resistance was observed to be significantly higher in MDR-TB cases for all study regions. Beijing genotypes from northern India were observed to be associated with OFX-resistant MDR-TB cases (P<0.05). Among 35 (30.15%) phenotypically OFX-resistant isolates, 22 (62.86%) had mutations in the gyrA gene and two (5.71%) isolates had mutations in the gyrB gene.

Interpretation & conclusions:
These results caution against the PCR-based prediction of OFX resistance patterns and highlight the need for searching other genetic loci for the detection of mutations conferring resistance to OFX in M. tuberculosis. Our study also showed the usefulness of NRA as an alternative method to detect OFX resistance.
HALK BİLİMİ FOLKLOR’UN YA DA FOLKLORİK ÖĞELERİN, TÜRK HEYKEL SANATINDAKİ YERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Derya Uzun Aydın  
Published: May 2020

Türk sanatında folklorik öğeler arama düşüncesi ile yola çıkılan bu çalışmada görülmüştür ki, özellikle Türk resim sanatında, heykel sanatına oranla daha fazla makale ve kitaplara ve halk bilimi olarak da bilinen folklora ait unsurlara ulaşılabilmiştir. Resimde özellikle Anadolu halkı, toplumsal ve günlük konular, gelenek ve görenekler, köy, köylü hayatı, köy kadınları ve çocuklar gibi temalara ait çok sayıda resim örneğine rastlanmıştır. Heykel sanatında bir konu belirleme çabası, çoğunlukla olduğu gibi işleri zorlaştıran bir uğraşa dönüşebilmektedir; kaynakların az olması, heykel sanatıyla ilgili hep aynı kaynakların varlığı ve kaynaklara ulaşmada kimi zaman sıkıntı çekme ve elbette heykelde çalışma yapan kişilerin daha az olması bunu tetikleyen unsurlar arasındadır. Bu konuyu oluştururken bulunan araştırma kaynakları, bizleri kendi kendine yönlendirmiş, ilk etapta heykel sanatçılarımızın tarihsel sıralaması göz önünde bulundurulmak istense de, çalışmaya folklorik bir düzlem üzerinden başlanmasına karar kılınmıştır. Böylelikle ister istemez heykel sanatında tarihsel sıralamadan çıkılmaktadır. Bir konu üzerine değinen heykel sanatçısı, daha sonra hayli hazırda ismi geçmiş iken başka hangi folklorik temayı işlediyse ona geçilmiş, çalışma da bu girift düzlem üzerine dizayn edilerek devam ettirilmiştir.
Cultivar and planting season affect lettuce performance in a tropical organic production system
Authors: Brunner Bryan , Wessel-Beaver Linda , Flores Luisa 
Published: May 2020

Lettuce is a cool season crop typically grown at high altitudes or during the winter months in tropical climates, but is an important vegetable with potential for increased local production in Puerto Rico. To evaluate year round production potential, eleven lettuce cultivars were grown organically in Lajas under eight environments: winter, spring, summer and fall seasons in 2011 and 2012. All cultivars flowered later in the winter than in other seasons. There was a trend for flowering to be earliest in summer, but in many cultivars bolting occurred equally early in spring or fall. For most cultivars the greatest head weight and harvest yield was observed in the winter or spring season. Fall plantings generally resulted in plants with the smallest heads and lowest yields while summer plantings were intermediate in head weight and yield. ‘Queensland’ was the highest yielder in every season, yielding more than twice the average of all the genotypes in the summer and fall seasons, making it a valuable cultivar for year round production in the tropics. ‘Bergam’s Green’, ‘Jericho’ and ‘Parris Island’ also performed fairly well throughout the year. ‘Black Seeded Simpson’, a locally popular cultivar, performed poorly.
IN SITU DATING OF HYDROTHERMAL MONAZITE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE GEODYNAMIC CONTROLS ON ORE FORMATION IN THE JIAODONG GOLD PROVINCE, EASTERN CHINA
Authors: Deng Jun , Qiu Kun-Feng , Wang Qing-Fei , Goldfarb Richard , Yang Li-Qiang , Zi Jian-Wei , Geng Jian-Zhen , Ma Yao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Jiaodong gold province, the largest gold producer in China, formed in a setting dominated by a 30-m.y. episode of Izanagi plate rollback and widespread extension, concomitant with late Mesozoic craton destruction. This study presents new high precision in situ sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Th-Pb and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb ages for hydrothermal monazite from the largest of the Jiaodong gold deposits, which were previously dated as indicating ore formation over a few tens of millions of years when applying sericite Ar-Ar, zircon U-Pb, and less robust analytical techniques. Our U-Pb dating on monazite from the Jiaojia and Linglong deposits in western Jiaodong yielded consistent ages at ca. 120 Ma. The new geochronologic results, coupled with recently reported in situ monazite dates from smaller deposits in western Jiaodong, reveal that the deposits that host most of the ≥4,000-t Au resource formed during a relatively brief period at ca. 120 Ma. In eastern Jiaodong, the much smaller resource may have formed about 5 m.y. later, recorded by 114.2 ± 1.5 Ma gold mineralization at the Rushan deposit. The postsubduction opening of a slab gap at ca. 120 Ma is the most likely cause of the extensive gold mineralization in Jiaodong. The gap induced a local and rapid devolatilization of the hydrated mantle wedge at submelt temperatures. The transient event included release of a major volume of gold-transporting aqueous-carbonic fluid that was stored in the wedge into major NNE-trending structures in the overlying lithosphere.