bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of adrenoleukodystrophy model systems
Authors: Montoro Roberto , Heine Vivi M. , Kemp Stephan , Engelen Marc 
Published: December 2020

AbstractX‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a neurometabolic disorder affecting the adrenal glands, testes, spinal cord and brain. The disease is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene resulting in a defect in peroxisomal degradation of very long‐chain fatty acids and their accumulation in plasma and tissues. Males with ALD have a near 100% life‐time risk to develop myelopathy. The life‐time prevalence to develop progressive cerebral white matter lesions (known as cerebral ALD) is about 60%. Adrenal insufficiency occurs in about 80% of male patients. In adulthood, 80% of women with ALD also develop myelopathy, but adrenal insufficiency or cerebral ALD are very rare. The complex clinical presentation and the absence of a genotype‐phenotype correlation are complicating our understanding of the disease. In an attempt to understand the pathophysiology of ALD various model systems have been developed. While these model systems share the basic genetics and biochemistry of ALD they fail to fully recapitulate the complex neurodegenerative etiology of ALD. Each model system recapitulates certain aspects of the disorder. This exposes the complexity of ALD and therefore the challenge to create a comprehensive model system to fully understand ALD. In this review, we provide an overview of the different ALD modeling strategies from single‐celled to multicellular organisms and from in vitro to in vivo approaches, and introduce how emerging iPSC‐derived technologies could improve the understanding of this highly complex disorder.
Changes in plasma concentrations of edoxaban and coagulation biomarkers according to thromboembolic risk and atrial fibrillation type in patients undergoing catheter ablation: Subanalysis of KYU‐RABLE
Authors: Shinohara Tetsuji , Takahashi Naohiko , Mukai Yasushi , Kimura Tetsuya , Yamaguchi Keita , Takita Atsushi , Origasa Hideki , Okumura Ken ,   the KYU‐RABLE Investigators
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) can be associated with a risk of thromboembolism and bleeding. We recently demonstrated that uninterrupted edoxaban with one dose delayed on the CA procedural day is associated with a low risk of periprocedural complications. Previous reports have indicated that some specific subgroups of patients undergoing CA have an increased risk of bleeding and thromboembolic complications. This subanalysis of the KYU‐RABLE study assessed the changes in plasma concentrations of edoxaban and coagulation biomarkers during the periprocedural period of CA in subgroups stratified by the risk of thromboembolism assessed by CHADS2 score (<2 or ≥2) and AF type (paroxysmal AF [PAF] or non‐PAF).MethodsWe evaluated changes in plasma concentrations of edoxaban and coagulation biomarkers (D‐dimer and prothrombin fragment F1+2), by subgroup, during the periprocedural period of CA. Measurements were made prior to CA (procedure day).ResultsThis subanalysis evaluated data from 343 patients with CHADS2 score <2 and 134 patients with CHADS2 score ≥2, and from 280 patients with PAF and 197 patients with non‐PAF. Plasma edoxaban concentration decreased with time on the day of CA, while plasma concentrations of coagulation biomarkers remained unchanged. No significant differences were observed according to CHADS2 score or type of AF.ConclusionsThe changes in plasma concentrations of edoxaban and coagulation biomarkers in each subgroup were similar to those of the whole analysis, regardless of the thromboembolic risk (CHADS2 <2 or ≥2) or AF type (PAF or non‐PAF).
Is a large award truly attractive to solvers? The impact of award size on crowd size in innovation contests
Authors: Liu Zhongzhi , Hatton M. Ryan , Kull Thomas , Dooley Kevin , Oke Adegoke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFirms increasingly use human crowds to solve their innovation related needs. Innovation sourcing managers who sponsor innovation contests seek to maximize crowd size to increase the chance of creative outcomes. One strategy they use is to set an award size. Although many studies have examined the influence of award size on crowd size in innovation contests, the empirical findings are inconsistent and suggest further empirical study is needed. Drawing from expectancy‐value theory, we propose that award size and crowd size are related to one another in the form of an inverted U‐shape, namely that moderate awards maximize crowd size. Additional propositions cover contingencies around the number of awards and task difficulty of an innovation contest. Based on data representing 5342 programming innovation contests, our empirical analyses confirm the inverted U‐shaped relationship and indicate that the number of awards and task difficulty steepen the inverted U‐shaped relationship. These results add nuanced, theoretical understanding of how innovation contests work. The findings indicate that innovation sourcing managers should set award sizes at moderate levels, and that they should experiment with slightly larger or smaller awards to see if it impacts crowd size in their context.
Recent trends in sorbents for bioaffinity chromatography
Authors: Kip Cigdem , Hamaloğlu Kadriye Özlem , Demir Cihan , Tuncel Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIsolation or enrichment of biological molecules from complex biological samples is mostly a prerequisite in proteomics, genomics, and glycomics. Different techniques have been used to advance the efficiency of the purification of biological molecules. Bioaffinity chromatography is one of the most powerful technique that plays an important role in the isolation of target biological molecules by the specific interactions with ligands that are immobilized on different support materials. This review examines the recent developments in bioaffinity chromatography particularly over the past 5 years in the literature. Also properties of supports, immobilization techniques, types of binding agents, and methods used in bioaffinity chromatography applications are summarized.
Associations Between Service Members’ Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Partner Accommodation Over Time
Authors: Allen Elizabeth , Renshaw Keith , Fredman Steffany J. , Le Yunying , Rhoades Galena , Markman Howard , Litz Brett 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhen service members manifest symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), intimate partners may engage in behaviors to accommodate their partners’ experiences (e.g., helping service members avoid situations that could make them uncomfortable, not expressing own thoughts and feelings to minimize PTSD‐related conflict), which may inadvertently serve to maintain or increase PTSD symptoms over time. In a sample of 274 male service member/female civilian couples, we evaluated hypothesized bidirectional pathways between self‐reported service member PTSD symptoms and partner accommodation, assessed four times over an approximately 18‐month period. A random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel model disaggregating between and within effects revealed that, on average, couples in which the service member had higher levels of total PTSD symptoms also scored higher in partner accommodation, between‐couple correlation, r = .40. In addition, at time points when service members’ PTSD symptoms were higher relative to their own average symptom level, their partners’ level of accommodation was also higher than their personal average, within‐couple correlation r = .22. Longitudinally, service member PTSD symptom scores higher than their personal average predicted subsequent increases in partner accommodation, β = .19, but not vice versa, β = .03. Overall, the findings indicate both stable and time‐specific significant associations between service member PTSD symptoms and partner accommodation and suggest that higher levels of PTSD symptoms are a significant driver of later increases in partner accommodation. These findings add further support for treating PTSD in an interpersonal context to address the disorder and concomitant relational processes that can adversely impact individual and relational well‐being.
3D printing of polymeric Coatings on AZ31 Mg alloy Substrate for Corrosion Protection of biomedical implants
Authors: Adarkwa Eben , Kotoka Ruben , Desai Salil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) alloys show promise in biomedical implants due to their excellent mechanical strength, biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, their rapid degradation rates in vivo induce toxicity and reduce their mechanical strength thereby, limiting their widespread usage. Our group employs a 3D inkjet printing technique for polymeric surface modification of bioresorbable AZ31 Mg alloy towards corrosion control. Thin films of three proprietary formulations of elastomeric poly (ester urethane) urea (PEUU) embedded with an anti‐proliferative drug paclitaxel (Taxol) were coated on biodegradable AZ31 Mg coupons. Multilayer coatings of 5 and 20 layers were deposited for virgin (PEUU‐V), PEUU with phosphorylcholine (PEUU‐PC) and PEUU with sulfobetaine (PEUU‐SB). Coating thicknesses of 8 µm and 19 µm were observed for 5‐layer and 20‐layer coatings, respectively. Surface morphology results depicted the presence of Taxol beads on PEUU‐V and PEUU‐SB coatings due to precipitation. An equivalent circuit model was used to calculate the polarization resistance values and revealed that the polymeric coatings provided a significant protective effect on the corrosion rate of AZ31 Mg alloy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicated that PEUU‐SB offered the least resistance to corrosion and had the highest porosity (35.6%) among all the polymeric coatings. PEEU‐V polymeric coatings offered the greatest polarization resistance with the least porosity (10.5%). Statistical analysis confirmed that the 20‐layer coating thickness had a significantly higher polarization resistance than the 5‐layer coatings. This research lays the foundation for developing corrosion control drug‐eluting coatings for cardiovascular and other medical device applications via surface modification using 3D inkjet printing.
Single experiment measurement of residual dipolar couplings in aqueous solution using a biphasic bisperylene imide chromonic liquid crystal
Authors: da Silva Danilo G. B. , Hallwass Fernando , Navarro‐Vázquez Armando 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe use of the biphasic isotropic/nematic region in a bisperylene imide‐based lyotropic liquid crystal system allows the extraction of proton‐carbon 1DCH residual dipolar couplings in aqueous solution from a single F1‐coupled HSQC experiment. The method was successfully applied to the RDC‐based conformational analysis of sucrose.
Field‐stepped ultra‐wideline NMR at up to 36 T: On the inequivalence between field and frequency stepping
Authors: Hung Ivan , Altenhof Adam R. , Schurko Robert W. , Bryce David L. , Han Oc Hee , Gan Zhehong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractField‐stepped NMR spectroscopy at up to 36 T using the series‐connected hybrid (SCH) magnet at the U.S. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory is demonstrated for acquiring ultra‐wideline powder spectra of nuclei with very large quadrupolar interactions. Historically, NMR evolved from the continuous‐wave (cw) field‐swept method in the early days to the pulsed Fourier‐transform method in the modern era. Spectra acquired using field sweeping are generally considered to be equivalent to those acquired using the pulsed method. Here, it is shown that field‐stepped wideline spectra of half‐integer spin quadrupolar nuclei acquired using WURST/CPMG methods can be significantly different from those acquired with the frequency‐stepped method commonly used with superconducting magnets. The inequivalence arises from magnetic field‐dependent NMR interactions such as the anisotropic chemical shift and second‐order quadrupolar interactions; the latter is often the main interaction leading to ultra‐wideline powder patterns of half‐integer spin quadrupolar nuclei. This inequivalence needs be taken into account to accurately and correctly determine the quadrupolar coupling and chemical shift parameters. A simulation protocol is developed for spectral fitting to facilitate analysis of field‐stepped ultra‐wideline NMR spectra acquired using powered magnets. A MATLAB program which implements this protocol is available on request.
Equilibrium return policies under manufacturer competition
Authors: Lan Yongquan , He Simai , Li Yanzhi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study return policies in the presence of supplier competition. Consider a supply chain consisting of a retailer and competing manufacturers. The retailer has a limited ordering capacity. The manufacturers compete for the retailer's orders by offering return policies. We show that in equilibrium, the manufacturers always offer full‐credit return policies to the retailer. This result explains the inconsistency between the popular practice of full‐credit returns and the theoretical argument that full‐credit return policies are suboptimal. Compared with wholesale price contracts, return policies may cause fiercer competition between manufacturers and thus make the manufacturers worse off and the retailer better off. The manufacturers and the channel always benefit from an increase in the retailer's ordering capacity. However, the retailer's profit may decrease when its ordering capacity increases. Numerical studies reveal that when manufacturers can first commit to their contract types, wholesale price contracts can be their equilibrium choices when the retailer's ordering capacity is below a threshold; otherwise, full‐credit return policies will be their unique equilibrium choice. This partially explains the coexistence of wholesale price contracts and return policies in practice.
Risk of catheter‐related bloodstream infection associated with midline catheters compared with peripherally inserted central catheters: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lu Huapeng , Hou Yeru , Chen Jiejie , Guo Yan , Lang Lan , Zheng Xuemei , Xin Xia , Lv Yi , Yang Qinling 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundBoth midline catheters (MCs) and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) can cause catheter‐related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), but the prevalence associated with each is not clear.ObjectiveTo compare the risk of CRBSI between MCs and PICCs with a meta‐analysis.MethodsThe Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, The Cochrane Library and ProQuest were searched. All studies comparing the risk of CRBSI between MCs and PICCs were included. Selected studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Downs and Black checklist. Two authors independently assessed the literature and extracted the data. A fixed effects model was used to generate estimates of CRBSI risk in patients with MCs versus PICCs. Publication bias was evaluated, and meta‐analyses were conducted with RevMan 5.3.ResultsA total of 167 studies were identified. Ten studies were collected, involving 33,322 patients. The prevalence of CRBSI with MCs and PICCs was 0.58% (40/6,900) and 0.48% (127/26,422), respectively. Meta‐analysis showed that the prevalence of CRBSI was not significantly different between MCs and PICCs (RR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.50–1.17, p = .22). While the result showed that the prevalence of CRBSI with MCs was lower than that with PICCs (RR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33–0.92, p = .02) after poor‐quality studies were removed. The sensitivity analysis shows that the results from this meta‐analysis are fair in overall studies and non‐poor‐quality studies. All studies have no significant publication bias.ConclusionsThis study provides the first systematic assessment of the risk of CRBSI between MCs and PICCs and provides evidence for the selection of appropriate vascular access devices for intravenous infusion therapy in nursing. The prevalence of CRBSI was not significantly different between them.
Collaboration and guidelines for the coordination of health care for frail older persons with intellectual disability: A national survey of nurses working in municipal care
Authors: Ahlström Gerd , Hansson Jan‐Åke , Kristensson Jimmie , Runesson Ingrid , Persson Magnus , Bökberg Christina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo describe and compare perceptions of collaboration between care providers on the part of three groups of Registered Nurses working in municipal care and having particular responsibility concerning the care of frail older people with intellectual disability (ID); and, furthermore, to investigate the presence of and compliance with guidelines for the coordination of care.DesignNational survey study with cross‐sectional design.MethodsNurses (N = 110) with key positions concerning people with ID answered a national questionnaire about collaboration, guidelines and coordinated individual plans. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were applied.ResultsThe meetings on cooperation and coordination of interventions were attended most frequently by nurses, and least frequently by social workers. The nurses were overall satisfied with the collaboration but perceived shortcomings in the case of inpatient and outpatient psychiatric care. Only in about half of the meetings for making care plans participated the people with intellectual disability and next of kin.
Enhancing the thermal conductivities of aluminum nitride‐ polydimethylsiloxane composites via tailoring of thermal losses in filler networks
Authors: He Xiaoxiang , Ou Dan , Ma Ying , Wu Shuying , Chen Ying , Luo Yue , Wu Daming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTraditional methods to overcome the challenges associated with the low thermal conductivities (TCs) of polymer composites range from constructing a continuous filler network to minimizing interface resistance. However, the improvement in the TCs of polymer composites is still limited. A key reason is that the polymer among the filler gaps causes high thermal losses and induces thermal resistance for phonons, as the filler network formed by conventional methods is not compact. Herein, a novel forced compression method, induced by compressing the thicknesses of samples to less than their critical thicknesses in a confined space, was applied to construct a robust network to significantly improve the TCs of polymer composites. Aluminum nitride (AlN) ranging from 0 to 54 wt% was added into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to prepare composites using this method. The enhancement in the TCs of AlN/PDMS composites included several considerations: high compression ratio and filler content both led to a small gap between the fillers in the filler network; the improvement in TC was significantly higher, especially at low filler contents, which simultaneously ensured the mechanical properties of polymer composites. Owing to the gap‐cut behavior, the TC was enhanced to 2.667 W/(mK) at 54 wt% of AlN, which was significantly higher than those in the literature results. The AlN/PDMS sample was then utilized as a heat spreader to decrease the temperature of heat source. The temperature dropped 14.42°C more than pure PDMS sheet. This novel compression process provides a facile approach to prepare light‐weight polymer composites with high TCs.
Preparation and characterization of Enteromorpha prolifera nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol composite films
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Liu Xin , Wang HuiXin , He HaiFeng , Bai Ruiqin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDue to the frequent occurrence of Enteromorpha prolifera “green tide” in recent years, how to solve the ecological disaster brought by the green tide and make maximal use of the Enteromorpha prolifera have become an urgent problem. In order to realize the resource utilization of marine biomass, we extract nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) with high aspect ratio from Enteromorpha prolifera. Filamentous NFC is successfully extracted at nanometric scale with a diameters range of 20 ~ 40 nm, a length of several microns, and a crystallinity index of 57.2%. Then NFC/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films were prepared with NFC as fillers. In addition, for comparison, nanocrystals cellulose (NCC) with small aspect ratio was isolated from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) to prepare NCC/PVA composite films. It is shown that because Enteromorpha proliferata NFC has a higher aspect ratio, it is easier to interpenetrate with PVA to form a dense network, and the lower concentration ensures the better dispersion of NFC in the matrix, so its enhancement effect on PVA composite films is better than that of NCC. When the NFC content was 0.1 wt %, the light transmittance of NFC/PVA composite film could reach more than 94%, and the swelling degree was 250%, which is 29% lower than that of the pure PVA film, the water resistance was improved. At the same time, the tensile strength, elastic modulus and toughness were 99.1%, 1547% and 117.9% respectively, which are higher than those of PVA.
Registration of ‘ND Dawn’ large yellow pea
Authors: Bandillo Nonoy , Stefaniak Thomas , Worral Hannah , Jain Shalu , Ostlie Michael , Schatz Blaine , Rickertsen John , Wahlstrom Cameron , Miller Meridith , Dragseth Kyle , Jacobs Justin , Hanson Brian , Martin Glenn , Kalil Audrey , Wunsch Michael , Pasche Julie , Franck William , Chen Chengci , Forster Shana , McPhee Kevin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract‘ND Dawn’ (Reg. no. CV‐30, PI 694866), a semi‐dwarf, semi‐leafless, large‐seeded yellow field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar, was developed by the pulse crops breeding program at North Dakota State University and approved for release by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. ND Dawn, the first yellow field pea cultivar from the program, was developed by the bulk‐pedigree method. Based on 18 environments (location‐years) of yield trials across North Dakota, ND Dawn had similar seed yield (2,843 kg ha−1) with the commercial yellow pea cultivars ‘AC Agassiz’ (2,875 kg ha−1) and ‘DS Admiral’ (2,799 kg ha−1) but significantly greater than ‘CDC Golden’ (2,633 kg ha−1). ND Dawn was also tested across eight environments in Montana, where it had an average seed yield of 3,803 kg ha−1, which was significantly greater than ‘Delta’ (3,554 kg ha−1) but similar to DS Admiral (3,686 kg ha−1) or AC Agassiz (3,565 kg ha−1). ND Dawn matures in approximately 94 d. It is resistant to lodging, with a plant height index of 0.66. It has uniform round seed, with size larger than Agassiz, a medium‐seeded yellow pea cultivar. ND Dawn's protein content, 24%, is acceptable to get a premium price in the current market for high‐protein pea. ND Dawn and AC Agassiz exhibited similar responses to Fusarium root rot based on a field trial inoculated with multiple Fusarium species pathogenic to pea. In an irrigated field trial conducted under high Ascochyta blight pressure, ND Dawn yielded similarly to AC Agassiz and ‘CDC Striker’ despite having a higher leaf necrosis percentage. Other agronomic traits of ND Dawn are within market acceptable ranges.
Air‐tolerant poly(3‐hexylthiophene) synthesis via catalyst‐transfer polymerization
Authors: Kubo Tomohiro , Young Morgan S. , Souther Kendra D. , Hannigan Matthew D. , McNeil Anne J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe discovery of catalyst‐transfer polymerization and its further developments have led to unprecedented control over the length and sequence of conjugated polymers. However, the methods themselves are technically challenging to perform due to the air‐ and moisture‐sensitivities of the monomers and catalysts. Herein, we report a catalyst‐transfer polymerization method that affords poly(3‐hexylthiophene) in high yields without using an inert atmosphere. The synthesis capitalizes on a rapid Negishi cross‐coupling using a moisture‐tolerant organozinc monomer mediated by an air‐stable Pd precatalyst. This simple method should make conjugated polymer synthesis more accessible to a broader range of researchers and may be generalizable to other monomer scaffolds.