bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quick laboratory methodology for determining the effectiveness of face mask respirators in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Joshi Manish , Khan Arshad , Sapra B. K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Recent crisis in the form of COVID-19 has rendered wearing a face mask mandatory for patients, health care workers and even members of public worldwide. This has caused a sudden shift of focus on availability, effectiveness, re-use and development of face masks. It is imperative that commercialization of face masks is subjected to certification, following standard procedures, from authorized agencies. However, at times, there is a need to conduct a quick investigation on their performance, specially, when new materials are being used for making the masks. In the current pandemic situation, the shortage of masks has also led to a rethinking on strategies of reuse of masks after due sterilization. For such situations, a quick laboratory methodology to test/determine the effectiveness of face mask respirators has been developed. The testing parameters include the particle capture efficiency of the mask material, pressure drop and the fit factor. Two different, simple, make-shift set-ups have been adopted for the present context. The first is used to measure the intrinsic particle capture efficiency and pressure drop of the filter material and the second is employed as a ‘full mask sampler’ to assess the leakages through seams and joints. For particle filtration efficiency, measurements in optical particle diameter range (0.3-20 µm) are most important as they cover the most penetrating particle size (MPPS) range; nevertheless, we also measured aerosol number concentration in sub-micrometer and ultrafine size ranges. Experiments conducted with atomized NaCl test aerosols, using these setups on three types of face masks viz. commercial N-95, surgical mask and cloth mask have been used for the validation and interpretation of results. This paper hopes to provide a crucial laboratory link between the face mask developers and the final certification agencies in the times of urgency.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D Cf/SiBCN composites fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis
Authors: Chen Bowen , Ding Qi , Ni De-Wei , Wang Hongda , Ding Yusheng , Zhang Xiangyu , Dong Shaoming 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work, 3D Cf/SiBCN composites were fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) with poly(methylvinyl)borosilazane as SiBCN precursor. The 3D microstructure evolution process of the composites was investigated by an advanced x-ray computed tomography (XCT). The effect of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) initiator addition on the crosslinking process, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the composites were uncovered. With the addition of DCP initiator, the liquid precursor can cross-link to solid-state at 120 °C. Moreover, DCP addition decreases the release of small molecule gas during pyrolysis, leading to an improved ceramic yield 4.67 times higher than that without DCP addition. After 7 PIP cycles, density and open porosity of the final Cf/SiBCN composite with DCP addition are 1.73 g·cm-3 and ~10%, respectively, which are 143.0% higher and 30.3% lower compared with the composite without DCP addition. As a result, the flexural strength and elastic modulus of Cf/SiBCN composites with DCP addition (371 MPa and 31 GPa) are 1.74 and 1.60 times higher than that without DCP addition (213 MPa and 19.4 GPa).
The use of Frontier Analysis to assess the technical rigor of water loss performance indicators
Authors: Wyatt Alan S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The American Water Works Association (AWWA) has developed and disseminated advanced methods and performance indicators for assessing and reducing water losses in North America, based in large part on the methods and indicators developed by the International Water Association (IWA). However, many utilities and regulators still use the old, inaccurate, %NRW indicator. A robust, quantitative assessment of the technical rigor of water loss indicators was needed but could not be found in the literature. So, an innovative approach was developed, using Frontier Analysis which provided such a score of ‘technical rigor’. This paper presents this method, applied to three datasets from North America, assessing 15 candidate indicators for total water losses, apparent losses and real losses. The results provide quantitative ‘scores’ of the technical rigor of the candidate indicators. Indicators with relatively high scores align with indicators used in the IWA best practices. Other indicators, such as the %NRW indicator, were found to have low technical rigor. The conclusion of the paper summarizes the rigorous indicators, and suggests areas for further application of this method, and for further research.
Approaches to the mitigation of ammonia inhibition during anaerobic digestion – a review
Authors: Mutegoa Eric , Hilonga Askwar , Njau Karoli N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe digestion process of organic waste rich in high ammonia content has always been a gridlock during the methanogenesis process. The free ammonia may increase inhibition/toxicity, which in turn affects the microbial community in the digester and eventually leads to process failures. Substantial methods have been proposed and assessed for curtailing ammonia emissions in anaerobic digesters to attain a safe and steady process so that, along with high methane production, high quality effluents can also be recovered. There are several means for lowering the erratic ammonia in organic wastes that are in use currently, such as decrease of pH, which favours the formation of ammonium over ammonia in the equilibrium; for example, the use of chemical additives that attach ammonium-N. Ammonia can also be removed from nitrogen-rich substrates during anaerobic digestion through other methods such as struvite precipitation, membrane distillation, air stripping, ion exchange, and adsorption. A thorough survey of different articles has shown that ion exchange, adsorption and changing of the C/N ratio through the co-digestion technique are the most commonly studied methods for mitigating ammonia inhibition in wastewater during anaerobic digestion. A detailed review of these methods in the context of nitrogen-rich substrates will be discussed in this paper.
Characterization of dissolved organic matter at a water treatment plant with closed systems in different seasons
Authors: Hudori Hudori , Yamada Toshiro , Suzuki Yukitaka , Rosadi Maulana Yusup , Tamaoki Hiroto , Li Fusheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research focuses on characterizing the dissolved organic matter found at water treatment plants with closed systems. Recycled water generated as a by-product of water treatment is added to raw water in those systems. The dissolved organic matter in the raw water was found to be higher in summer than in winter, but the water treatment process was able to produce purified water of the similar quality in both seasons. The recycled water contained mostly low molecular weight and protein-like substances, and this composition was different from that of the raw water, which mainly contained humic-like substances. The recycled water did not influence the concentration of humic-like substances or the molecular weight distribution in the influent water.
Structural Relationship Study of Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient of Some Sulfa Drugs Using GA-MLR and GA-ANN Methods
Authors: Dadfar Etratsadat , Shafiei Fatemeh , Isfahani Tahereh M. 
Published: June 2020

Aim and Objective:
Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) are compounds with a wide range of biological
activities and they are the basis of several groups of drugs. Quantitative Structure-Property
Relationship (QSPR) models are derived to predict the logarithm of water/ 1-octanol partition coefficients
(logP) of sulfa drugs.

Materials and Methods:
A data set of 43 sulfa drugs was randomly divided into 3 groups: training,
test and validation sets consisting of 70%, 15% and 15% of data point, respectively. A large number
of molecular descriptors were calculated with Dragon software. The Genetic Algorithm -
Multiple Linear Regressions (GA-MLR) and genetic algorithm -artificial neural network (GAANN)
were employed to design the QSPR models. The possible molecular geometries of sulfa
drugs were optimized at B3LYP/6-31G* level with Gaussian 98 software. The molecular descriptors
derived from the Dragon software were used to build a predictive model for prediction
logP of mentioned compounds. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) method was applied to select the most
relevant molecular descriptors.

Results:
The R2
and MSE values of the MLR model were calculated to be 0.312 and 5.074 respectively.
R2
coefficients were 0.9869, 0.9944 and 0.9601for the training, test and validation sets of the
ANN model, respectively.

Conclusion:
Comparison of the results revealed that the application the GA-ANN method gave better
results than GA-MLR method.
Effectiveness of Deep Breathing and Body Scan Meditation Combined with Music to Improve Sleep Quality and Quality of Life in Older Adults
Authors: Nanthakwang Nitayapa , Siviroj Penprapa , Matanasarawoot Anuchart , Sapbamrer Ratana , Lerttrakarnnon Peerasak , Awiphan Ratanaporn 
Published: June 2020

Background:
In older adults, physiological changes affect sleep and may cause impaired daily function and Reduced Quality of Life (QOL). This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of deep breathing exercises and body scan meditation combined with music to improve sleep quality and QOL.

Methods:
A randomized controlled trial with allocation concealment method was conducted. Fifty-nine older adults with poor sleep quality were recruited using block randomization to intervention and control groups. The intervention group was instructed to do deep breathing and body scan meditation while listening to music through Bluetooth speakers once a day for thirty minutes before sleeping, a daily practice to last for eight weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Pictorial Thai Quality of Life (PTQL) were administered to both groups prior to the intervention and 8-week post-baseline of the intervention.

Results:
The global PSQI in the intervention group significantly decreased following the intervention, whereas the control group showed no difference. There was a decrease in individual PSQI components as well for the intervention group, namely, sleep efficiency, perceived sleep quality, and daily disturbance. The intervention group did not differ from the control group in sleep efficiency or perceived sleep quality, but there was a significant difference in the daily disturbance. Additionally, the total PTQL in the intervention group significantly increased between the two time periods, whereas there was no difference in the controls. The intervention group scored higher in each domain of PTQL, except for the economic domain.

Conclusion:
A daily practice of deep breathing and body scan meditation combined with music has a positive effect on improving sleep quality and QOL among older adults. Hence, this intervention should be implemented to improve sleep quality and promote QOL in older adults.
Erectile Dysfunction among Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Hospital of Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Hurisa Abdisa D. , Negera Getandale Z. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is defined as the persistent inability to achieve and/or maintain penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. Few studies have examined the prevalence of ED among men diabetic patients in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of ED among diabetic patients in a tertiary hospital of Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on male diabetic patients on follow-up at the diabetic clinic of Jimma Medical Center (JMC), Southwest Ethiopia.

Results:
350 male diabetic patients were enrolled in the study. The mean (+SD) age of the study participants was 47.9 (+12.2) years. The majority, 212 (60.4%) of the diabetic patients had varying degrees of ED and almost all, 207 (97.6%) of the patients were not treated for ED. Independent predictors of ED were older age (AOR: 4.6; 95%CI: [2.84, 7.55]; p<0.001) and longer duration of diabetes (AOR: 3.5; 95%CI: [2.12, 5.70]; p<0.001).

Conclusion:
This study confirmed a high prevalence of ED in diabetic male patients in Jimma Medical Center (JMC). Periodic assessment and management of ED should be a routine part of the diabetic care, particularly for those aged above 40 years and living with diabetes mellitus for many years.
The Effect of Market Structure on Bank Performance in Central Java
Authors: Sakti Imanuel Madea 
Published: June 2020

Abstract: The research on the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) hypothesis in the banking industry has been done many times, including in Indonesia. However, it still focuses on commercial banks. This research aims to examine the relationship between market structure and bank performance by involving commercial banks and rural banks (Bank Perkreditan Rakyat/BPR) when they are in the same market in the regency/city level. It uses panel data from 565 banks in Central Java: 261 BPR and 304 Commercial Banks, divided into 34 regencies/cities during 2012-2016. Independent variables involve market concentration and market share which is also as moderating variable, and the dependent variable is bank performance. The hypotheses are examined by multiple linear regression with a random effect model. In general, the results support that the market structure has a significant positive effect on bank performance. Another result has found no collusive behavior among dominant banks. Keywords: Structure-Conduct-Performance, Commercial Bank, Rural Bank, Market Structure, Bank Performance Pengaruh Struktur Pasar terhadap Kinerja Bank di Jawa Tengah Abstrak: Penelitian mengenai hipotesis Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) pada industri perbankan telah banyak dilakukan, termasuk di Indonesia. Namun, penelitian tersebut hanya berfokus pada bank umum saja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara struktur pasar dan kinerja bank dengan melibatkan bank umum dan Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) ketika berada di pasar yang sama di tingkat kabupaten/kota. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel terdiri dari 565 bank di Jawa Tengah: 261 BPR dan 304 Bank umum, yang terbagi ke dalam 34 kabupaten/kota selama tahun 2012-2016. Variabel independen yaitu konsentrasi pasar dan pangsa pasar yang sekaligus sebagai variabel moderasi, dan variabel dependen adalah kinerja bank. Hipotesis diuji menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan random effect model. Secara umum, hasil mendukung bahwa struktur pasar berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja bank. Hasil lainnya menunjukkan tidak terdapat perilaku kolusif di antara bank-bank besar. Kata kunci: . Structure-Conduct-Performance, Bank Umum, BPR, Struktur Pasar, Kinerja Bank.
OTAK KARAKTER DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM: ANALISIS KRITIS PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ISLAM BERBASIS NEUROSAINS
Authors: Awhinarto Awhinarto , Suyadi Suyadi 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pendidikan karakter dalam perspektif neurosains. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi oleh bukti adanya hubungan yang tak terpisahkan antara otak dan karakter manusia. Oleh karena itu, pendidikan karakter sebenarnya tidak dapat dipisahkan dari organ penting manusia yang biasa disebut dengan otak. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah berbagai literatur baik berasal dari buku maupun jurnal terkait dengan pendidikan karakter dan neurosains. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penelusuran dan pembacaan referensi terkait baik secara manual maupun digital. Data yang terkumpul kemudian didisplay, direduksi, dan dikonstruksi menjadi konsep baru yang utuh. Analisis data dilakukan secara induktif dengan mengedepankan intelektualitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan otak manusia berfungsi mempengaruhi manusia dalam menjalankan aktivitasnya. Perilaku manusia dikontrol oleh sistem saraf dalam otak, sehingga seluruh aktivitasnya bermuara pada fungsi otaknya. Pendidikan karakter Islam menekankan pada proses pembentukan perilaku manusia yang baik (al-akhlaqul karimah) dan menjauhkan manusia dari perilaku buruk (al-akhlaqul madzmumah). Nilai-nilai karakter dalam pendidikan Islam didasarkan pada nilai-nilai kebaikan (ihsan) yang terkandung dalam Alquran dan hadis Nabi Muhammad saw. Kata kunci: Otak, pendidikan Islam, pendidikan karakter, neurosains. CHARACTER BRAIN IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC CHARACTER EDUCATION BASED ON NEUROSAINS Abstract: This study aims to analyze character education in the neuroscience perspective. This is motivated by evidence of an inseparable relationship between the brain and human character. Therefore, character education actually cannot be separated from important human organs commonly called the brain. This research is a literature study with a qualitative approach. The data source of this research is a variety of literature both from books and journals related to character education and neuroscience. Data collection was done by searching and reading related references both manually and digitally. The collected data were then displayed, reduced, and constructed into a whole new concept. Data analysis was carried out inductively by promoting intellect. The results showed that the human brain functions were to influence humans in carrying out their activities. Human behavior is controlled by the nervous sistem in the brain, so that all of his activities lead to the functioning of the brain. Islamic character education emphasizes the process of forming good human behavior (al-akhlaqul karimah) and keeping people from bad behavior (al-akhlaqul madzmumah). Character values in Islamic education are based on the values of goodness (ihsan) contained in the Qur’an and the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH. Keywords: Brain, Islamic education, character education, neuroscience
Internet-Delivered Tobacco Treatment for People Using Cannabis: A Randomized Trial in Two Australian Cannabis Clinics
Authors: Hindson Josephine , Hanstock Tanya , Dunlop Adrian , Kay-Lambkin Frances 
Published: June 2020

Background
Tobacco use is disproportionately higher in people who smoke cannabis than in the general population, increasing the severity of dependence for cannabis use, decreasing the likelihood of successful quit attempts for both cannabis and tobacco, and increasing the risk of relapse for both substances. Opportunities to address tobacco use in people using cannabis are being missed.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the feasibility of engaging tobacco smokers who were accessing treatment for cannabis, with a tobacco-focused internet-based Healthy Lifestyle Program (iHeLP; 4 modules). It was hypothesized that iHeLP completion would be associated with decreases in tobacco use and improved quality of life (QoL) and psychological health. It was also hypothesized that iHeLP completion would be higher in those who additionally received telephone support. Given that iHeLP aimed to improve healthy lifestyle behaviors, it was also hypothesized that there would be reductions in cannabis use.

Methods
A total of 13 smokers seeking treatment for cannabis use were randomly allocated to iHeLP alone or iHeLP plus telephone support. Participants were engaged in iHeLP over 8 weeks and completed a 12-week follow-up assessment.

Results
Results from 10 participants who completed the follow-up indicated that the acceptability of iHeLP was high-very high in terms of general satisfaction, appropriateness of services, effectiveness, and met need. Additional telephone support increased modal module completion rates for iHeLP from 0 to 2 but did not provide any other significant advantages over iHeLP alone in terms of cannabis use, tobacco use, QoL, or psychological health. Participants in the iHeLP-alone condition (n=4) reported a mean reduction of 5.5 (SD 9.00) tobacco cigarettes per day between baseline and follow-up, with a concomitant mean reduction in expired carbon monoxide (CO) of 5.5 parts per million (ppm, SD 6.91). The iHeLP plus telephone support group (n=6) reported a mean reduction of 1.13 (SD 4.88) tobacco cigarettes per day and a mean reduction of 9.337 ppm of expired CO (SD 5.65). A urinalysis indicated that abstinence from cannabis was achieved by 2 participants in the iHeLP-alone group and three participants in the iHeLP plus telephone support group. Between baseline and follow-up assessments, iHeLP-alone participants reported a mean reduction in days of use of cannabis in the prior month of 6.17 days (SD 13.30). The average reduction in the number of days of cannabis use for the iHeLP plus telephone support group was also 6.17 days (SD 13.59).

Conclusions
Despite the small sample size, this study provides preliminary support for the use of internet-delivered, tobacco-focused interventions in tobacco smokers seeking treatment for cannabis use.
Self-Selection of Bathroom-Assistive Technology: Development of an Electronic Decision Support System (Hygiene 2.0)
Authors: Guay Manon , Latulippe Karine , Auger Claudine , Giroux Dominique , Séguin-Tremblay Noémie , Gauthier Josée , Genest Catherine , Morales Ernesto , Vincent Claude 
Published: June 2020

Background
A clinical algorithm (Algo) in paper form is used in Quebec, Canada, to allow health care workers other than occupational therapists (OTs) to make bathroom adaptation recommendations for older adults. An integrated knowledge transfer process around Algo suggested an electronic version of this decision support system (electronic decision support system [e-DSS]) to be used by older adults and their caregivers in search of information and solutions for their autonomy and safety in the bathroom.

Objective
This study aims to (1) create an e-DSS for the self-selection of bathroom-assistive technology by community-dwelling older adults and their caregivers and (2) assess usability with lay users and experts to improve the design accordingly.

Methods
On the basis of a user-centered design approach, the process started with content identification for the prototype through 7 semistructured interviews with key informants of various backgrounds (health care providers, assistive technology providers, and community services) and 4 focus groups (2 with older adults and 2 with caregivers). A thematic content transcript analysis was carried out and used during the creation of the prototype. The prototype was refined iteratively using think-aloud and observation methods with a clinical expert (n=1), researchers (n=3), OTs (n=3), older adults (n=3), and caregivers (n=3), who provided information on the usability of the e-DSS.

Results
Overall, 4 themes served as the criteria for the prototype of the electronic Algo (Hygiene 2.0 [H2.0]): focus (safety, confidentiality, well-being, and autonomy), engage, facilitate (simplify, clarify, and illustrate), and access. For example, users first pay attention to the images (engage and illustrate) that can be used to depict safe postures (safety), illustrate questions embedded in the decision support tool (clarify and illustrate), and demonstrate the context of the use of assistive technology (safety and clarify).

Conclusions
The user-centered design of H2.0 allowed the cocreation of an e-DSS in the form of a website, in line with the needs of community-dwelling older adults and their caregivers seeking bathroom-assistive technology that enables personal hygiene. Each iteration improved usability and brought more insight into the users’ realities, tailoring the e-DSS to the implementation context.