bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-inducing fires: the heat source effect
Authors: Gayen Sneha , Pal Pritha , Bhawalkar Prayas , Malhotra Vinayak , Selvakumaran T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Scholars and scientists have been trying to find ways to control and alleviate the consequences of concurrent fires such as forest fires, building fires and various space fires but no compelling solutions have been concluded from their studies so far. The basic cause of these kind of fires concerns with the unstable nature of the flames and marked unpredictability associated with it. For example, the breakout of one of the deadliest wildfires in California in 2018 and the Amazon fire of 2019 shows us the gravity of the situation and also the immediate requirement to control such mishaps to save lives and properties valuable to us. This led us to make an attempt to study the behavior of such flames – an experimental setup with rather ideal conditions was devised and a thorough home-scale study was carried out. This present study mainly concerns with the study of fire propagation phenomena and the vitality of fire control in our daily life. This study involves the review of the varying regression rates and fire spread rates of flames as observed in matchsticks when spaced in both linear and non-linear orientation for different configurations. The behavioral instability of the flames will give us an insight into the heterogeneous fire propagation phenomenon and its control. An insight into the heterogeneous fire propagation is expected for essential fire safety and, on its basis, an algorithm for the same is to be formulated. With this knowledge along with the existing information, it might help us quantify the extent of fire propagation by means of a non-dimensional entity which might as well give us some possible solution to the reduction of such kind of fires in forests, buildings, large scale fires in industries, space propulsion systems.
Experimental investigation on Preheating of Azadirachta indica biofuel and their performance analysis in a CI engine
Authors: Praveena V , Karthikeyan S , Ilakkiya M , Vijay Ganesh S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with evaluation of engine performance using preheated biofuel utilizing the waste heat generated from exhaust gases. The performance characteristics and emission parameters are compared with the trans-esterified biodiesel. It is understood that the preheated biofuel run in the engine was capable of producing appreciable brake thermal efficiency as that of biodiesel run CI engine. This effort simultaneously reduced the heat loss to the environment, thereby improving the exergy of the system. The neem biofuel was heated to 70°C and 80°C before injection by the exhaust gases. HC and CO emissions were reduced by 22.3% and 19.01% respectively. NOx emissions suffered an increase of 18.6%. The improvement in BTE was 5.5% compared to non-heated biofuel.
Experimental Analysis of Aerodynamic Performance on asymmetric NACA 23018 Aerofoil incorporating a Leading-Edge Rotating Cylinder
Authors: Salam Md Abdus , Ali MA Taher , Islam Md Quamrul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The effects of Momentum Injection can play a vital role in increasing the efficiency of an aerofoil by increasing its lift and delaying the stall angle. Most of the studies regarding this concept analyzed the effects of momentum injection for higher velocity ratios (cylinder tangential velocity to free stream velocity) only. Almost no or less studies analyzed this effect for lower velocity ratios which created a research gap in this field. In this paper, a rotating cylinder is placed at the leading edge of an asymmetric aerofoil NACA 23018 and the aerodynamic performance with and without a rotating cylinder was studied for lower velocity ratios (<0.2). The experimental analysis was carried out for two Reynolds numbers (Re): 2 × 105 and 2.5 × 105 corresponding to two free stream velocities: 20 m/s and 25 m/s, respectively, for six different angles of attack (−5°, 0°, 5°, 10°, 15° and 20°). The experimental analysis showed that incorporating a leading-edge rotating cylinder increased the maximum lift coefficient by around 24% and delayed the stall angle by around 20%.
1-D mathematical modeling of a diesel oxidation catalyst for transient hot start drive cycle
Authors: Nair Sreeharsh , Mittal Mayank 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The need to obey with increasingly stringent emission regulations has amplified the importance of after treatment devices, and therefore, reliable tools need to be developed for the evolution of better aftertreatment devices. Even though the upcoming regulations paved the way for improved combustion engines, their high carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions increased the load on catalytic converters. Numerical modeling is one such tool which is extremely useful in providing the basic information which helps in designing the reactor, understanding its operation, and predicting the performance. In this context, the utmost aim of the numerical modeling is to simulate the driving cycle where inlet conditions to the catalytic converter vary with respect to time. Such a simulation must include the calculations of transient temperature-field of the monolith substrate and converter-out mass emissions. In this paper, a one-dimensional mathematical modeling of an oxidation catalyst has been implemented to simulate a hot start New European Drive Cycle (NEDC). The transient engine data was taken from the literature, and the measured instantaneous traces at the outlet of the catalyst were compared with the model predictions. This model has been developed to investigate the CO conversion performance of the catalyst. The comparison between model predictions and experiments has shown a satisfactory agreement in terms of both substrate temperature and CO emission at the catalyst outlet, confirming the effectiveness of the methodology applied. The reliability of the 1-D model was also proved with the probability density function of the conversion efficiency.
Preparation and characterization of green synthesized cerium oxide nano particle doped with biodiesel blends
Authors: Murugesan A , Prakash R , Srinithi S , Ranjith Kumar L , Parthiban S , Pavithran K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The present work focuses on the green synthesis of nanoparticles by using bael leaves. It is a naturally occurring material for synthesizing nano additives. Characterization studies such as particle size analyzer and UV spectroscopy are been used to examine the inherent properties of bale leaf to be used as a nano material. The particle size study confirms that the produced nanoparticle has an average particle size of 50 nm with 200 nm diameter. The study by UV spectroscopy confirms that the nano crystal has a BCC structure with a peak absorption of 9.82 a.u. On the other hand, the physical and chemical properties of nano particle doped with B20 such as kinematic viscosity, calorific value, density and flash point are measured and compared with ASTM standard is presented in this paper.
Analysis of concentrated solar powered conical reactor with coal ash as catalyst
Authors: Kiran Chittibomma Uday , Balaji G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Nowadays there is an increase in the usage of non-renewable products to produce the energy required to sustain in day to day life, which results in the generation of harmful emissions such as greenhouse gases, in turn, leads to an increase in earth’s surface temperature and depletion of the ozone layer. On the other hand, the generation of usable energy requires fossil fuels to satisfy the thermal input. So switching to renewable energy for the thermal input for fossil fuels saves the environment for further damage, mainly solar energy which is abundantly available and free of cost. Hence creating much more interest in researchers to establish and enhance the performance of solar energy coupled reactor. By implementing solar energy as the input for the reactor there will be a decrease in the consumption of fossil fuels to produce heat energy. In this present study solar concentrated power is used as an input fuel supply to the reactor process where the dish type concentrator used of diameter 1.4m and has a focal length of 0.28m which is focused towards the preferred conical shape reactor because of the effective flux distribution inside the reactor than the other shapes. The reactor volume of 13.9m3 is fixed at the focal distance where the receiver absorbs more amount of radiation from the concentrator, leads to an increase in the temperature inside the reactor and the specimen inside the reactor will generate gases. by using the coal ash as a catalyst there is a temperature increase of 10%. That is without any catalyst the reactor inside temperature is 100°C and with coal ash as catalyst 110°C.
Analysis and Performance improvements of Photovoltaic system by using fins for heat reduction by CFD
Authors: Karthikeyan Mundrathi , Johnson Joji 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The efficiency and power output of the solar PV panel decreases with an increase in temperature. The efficiency of a monocrystalline photovoltaic panel decreases around 0.3% for every degree rise in temperature after 30°C. By using different techniques we can reduce temperature. A heat sink made up of aluminium plate with fins attached to the PV panel which enhances heat rejection. The analysis of the system was done in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The static and transient analysis was done and an optimal heat sink was designed. The silicon plate which is designed to simulate the PV panel was maintained at a temperature of 60°C for the analysis. It was found that the optimal fins of heat sink have 1.5 mm thickness and each of 40 mm height and 30 mm spacing between the fins and the natural air flow is maintained through the fins which is parallel to fins. There is a reduction in temperature of panel by 4°C in static conditions by natural convection.
Performance analysis of solar concentrator dish by various reflector and absorbent
Authors: Lakshmanan T , Leela Prasad G , Ghosh Akashdeep , Kumar Abhik , Aniketh Vittal H K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Recent days the availability of a conventional source of energies are limited dueto overexploitation of resources. This can be prevented by replacing the conventional source of energy to renewable energy which is believed to be the future. In renewable energy, there are many types among which solar energy is the best and most effective as it is abundant, freely available, and it has a lot of versatile applications. The main objective of the research is to study the suitability of antenna dish for thermal application by optimizing the various parameters to achieve maximum thermal collector efficiency. Considerable enhancement in the performance of the solar dish collector was observed by altering various absorbents on the receiver.
Design, analysis and fabrication of lanthanum strontium manganite catalytic converter
Authors: Jain Pushpit , Tibrewal Abhishek , Krishnakumar Vignesh , Barathraj R K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
With the ever-increasing pollution rate, we have considered the need to control automobile emissions which are responsible for global warming. In this paper, we aim to propose a cost effective and sustainable design prototype of a catalytic converter. Design was done by considering some of the problems in existing catalytic converter like back pressure, cold start emissions and cost. The new design of the Catalytic converter includes a new catalyst i.e. Lanthanum Strontium Manganite (LSM) with a piecewise placement approach and a hexagonal random cell shape which is in contrast with the existing platinum-palladium catalyst and honeycomb structure. Analysis of the design of Catalytic converter was done which included the ANSYS CFD and mode shape analysis. The cold start emissions were reduced by using a method to pre - heat the air at the input of the converter shell using Arduino controlled heat plug. The testing of the converter assembly was done on a single cylinder Briggs & Stratton Engine and results were taken using Exhaust Gas Analyser which gave us the emission outputs with and without catalytic converter at idling and full rpm of the engine.
Experimental investigation on reducing the solidification time of NFPCM by reducing sub cooling for different heat transfer fluid temperature for cooling applications
Authors: Malarmannan S. , Chandrasekaran P , Khan Mohd Quasim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the solidification characteristics of water based nanofluid NFPCM (Nanofluid phase change material) with an aim to form an efficient CTES (Cool Thermal Energy Storage) system. Here we have taken base PCM as deionized water and Graphene is taken as nanoparticle because of its property of high thermal conductivity. The PCM was prepared by adding surfactant (0.2wt%) which is used to reduce the surface tension of the solution and then various concentration of graphene nanoparticle are added i.e. 0.2wt% and 0.4wt%, and the effect in solidification time and reduction of sub cooling is seen and studied. The enhanced heat transfer rate of NFPCM without sub cooling is advantageous for many CTES applications. So, finally it is constructed from experimental results that by embedding this technology with chiller systems which is used to cool large spaces can help us to conquer our motive to save energy and provide effective and efficient cooling.
Preliminary Studies of Compressible Jet Flow from a Pipe with Hexagonal Cross-section
Authors: Avinash S , Tinesh K , Kannan B T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The present study is an experimental investigation of compressible jet flow from a pipe with a hexagonal cross-section. The pipe is fixed to a settling chamber which is supplied with compressed air by a storage tank via a pressure regulator. The experimental methodology includes the measurement of centreline variation of stagnation pressure and the visualization of shock structures. The results from the present pipe shape considered for the present study will be compared with the results of jet flow experiments from a circular pipe. The diameter of the circular pipe is taken as 15mm and the same is fixed for the hexagonal pipe. The L/D ratio of the pipe is chosen as 5. The nozzle pressure ratio will be varied according to the source available and the measurements will be taken via a Pitot tube connected to a Pressure Scanner. The positioning is controlled by a traverse mechanism which can move in axial and transverse directions. The results obtained will be discussed in detail with the help of relevant literature.
Design and Development of a Modular Atmospheric Boundary Layer Wind Tunne
Authors: Muralidhar Murukesh , Joy Saneesh C , Akhil Mohammed P , Kannan B T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper addresses the various design parameters of an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) wind tunnel and also explains the approach taken to construct the various parts of the wind tunnel. The paper tries to explain the different design stages in the tunnel construction and methods to replicate turbulent boundary layer profiles in it. Rather than using conventional material like wood, a new approach of using aluminum profiles for the basic framework has been used. These profiles have proven advantageous to tweak the dimensions of the tunnel to obtain varying flow profiles.
Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of CI Engine Fuelled With Mahua Oil – Pine Oil Blend
Authors: Sai Jaideep Chittiboyina , Hemanth K , Sudhakar D , Prakhyath P , Rohit M , Manikandaraja G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Huge competition of the developing countries opens the challenge to create to new technique which make them as super powers. Most of the developing countries economics are mainly depends on the energy sectors which make them to seek alternate. Biofuel is best element which brings them to Independence on other countries. This study investigate the performance and emission characteristics of four stroke diesel engine fuel with mahua oil and Pine oil blend. The fuel was prepared in the volume ratio M30P70, M50P50 and M70P30 and compared with diesel fuel. The experiment was carried out by varying the loading conditions. The experimental results shows M30P70 has higher brake thermal efficiency, lower BSFC because of the lower viscosity of the Pine oil. The emission results show that adding of pine oil in the blend leads to higher Nox emissions because of its lower cetane number of the Pine oil. Co and HC emissions shows reduction pattern because of the lower viscosity of pine oil.
Experimental investigation of performance and emissions of CI engine fuelled with mahua oil blended camphor fuel
Authors: Tanay K V R , Vikram Kumar M , Sreenath Reddy J , Manideep K , Krishna Khyathi , Manikandaraja  
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rapid increment in the energy sector is forcing all countries to look forward to find an alternate solution for their improvements. Biofuel is best alternative which can be easily used in the CI engines. This paper deals with emissions and performance characteristics of CI engine fuelled with Mahua oil blended Camphor Biofuel blend (M70C30, M50C50 and M30C70). Blending the Camphor oil with mahua oil will increase the Brake thermal efficiency. BSFC for M70C30 was found higher than other blended Fuel. Increasing the percentage of camphor in blended fuel will escalate the NOx emissions and will lower the CO, HC and Smoke emissions. M30C70 has higher Thermal efficiency and lower BSFC and which also supports for lowering the HC, CO, Smoke Emissions and high NOx emissions
Experimental investigation of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with turpentine oil diesel blend, camphor oil diesel blend, lemongrass oil diesel blend, mahua oil diesel blend, karanja oil diesel blend
Authors: Manikandaraja G. , Chandrasekaran P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Economic and Environment constraint of the developing countries brings them in position to find the new substitute for Fuel which is more economic, ecofriendly, higher efficient and sustainable. Many research was carried in the field of high viscous Biofuel which has been changed into straight oil to Biodiesel to suit the Diesel engine. This project deals with CI engine fuelled with low viscous Biofuel and narrate the characteristics of performance and emissions. This paper deals with Mahua oil – Diesel blend (M50), karanja oil – Diesel blend (K50), Turpentine oil-Diesel Blend (T50), Lemon grass oil – Diesel Blend (L50) and Camphor Oil – Diesel Blend. Low Viscosity and high calorific value of T50 supports for higher thermal efficiency and Lower BSFC when Compare to Diesel, C50, L50, K50 and M50. The High Viscous Biofuels M50, K50 has the Higher CO emissions because of improper. Diesel has the lower HC emission than T50, C50, L50, K50 and M50. Low viscous Biofuel T50 and C50 has lower Smoke emissions and higher Nox emissions. The T50 and C50 has the higher heat release rate and higher peak pressure which supports for proper combustion and results in higher BTE, NOx emissions.
Experimental investigation of CI engine fuelled with diesel blended neem oil with methanol as additives
Authors: Ramanathan N R , Balasekhar C S K , Tanish P , Manikandaraja G , Malarmannan S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To select an alternative fuel suitable for operating an IC diesel engine for real world usage without any major modifications. The need to reduce the use of fossil fuels ignites interest in renewable fuels such as biodiesels. Preventing direct substitution of bio fuels is the higher viscosity of bio fuels. The performance and emission characteristics of CI engine are studied when fuelled with neem oil with diesel blends of ratios B10, B20 and B30 and also with M10% & M20% where methanol is used as the blending agent. The tests were carried out in the 4 stroke, single cylinder diesel engine by varying the load from 25% to 100%.
Comparison studies on mechanical and wear behavior of Stir Cast Al-SiC-B4C metal matrix composites
Authors: Arun Raj A C , Vishal S , Senkathir S , Geethapriyan T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the surface tribology and mechanical properties of AA6061 graded aluminum alloy matrix composite, reinforcing Silicon Carbide and Boron Carbide. In this work, the AA6061 graded aluminum alloy is reinforced with 3%, 6%, 9% (By weight) of B4C with constant 5% (By weight) of SiC under stir casting and producing three test samples A, B and, C respectively. The Samples were subjected to wear test, tensile test, impact test, and hardness test calculating wear loss, wear rate, coefficient of friction, ultimate tensile strength, impact strength, and brinell hardness. From analyzing the results from the test conducted, it is inferred that maintaining the optimum B4C composition between 3% and 6% in Al-SiC produces better mechanical properties and wear resistance.
Effect of saw dust, rice husk, and groundnut shell on properties of mubi vimtim clay in Adamawa State Nigeria
Authors: Nathan C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Three agricultural wastes namely saw dust, rice husk, and groundnut shell were used as additives to Mubi Vimtim clay to evaluate its properties. The aim of the research work is to compare the properties of Mubi Vimtim clay when additives are added and when additives are not added. PW430 X-Ray was used to determine the chemical properties of the clay with additives and without additives. The results gave the highest % of oxides of Al2O3, SiO2, SO3, K2O, CaO, V2O5 to be ( 19.67% with sample B, 67.7% with sample A, 0.40% with sample C, 4.98% with sample A, 1.33% with sample A, 0.04 % with sample A and with sample B, 0.05% with sample C and with sample D) respectively. The highest porosity was found to be 17.50% with 30% sample D addition. Bulk density was highest with 2.87g/cm3 with clay sample A. The highest refractoriness of the clay was found to be 430°C with sample A and lowest with 950°C at 30% sample D addition. The highest thermal shock resistance was found to be 13 cycle at 10–30% sample D addition. The highest breaking load was found to be 380N with sample A. The highest compression strength was found to be 86 Mpa with sample A. The results obtained show the variation of the properties of Mubi Vimtim clay when saw dust, rice husk, and groundnut shell were added.
Optimization of Laser Parameters and Dimple Geometry for the Improved Tribological Behaviour of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Prem Ananth M , Ponnuvel S , Sridharan V , Karthikeyan A , Mithun Krishnan R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Titanium alloys finds wide applications in the field of aerospace and biomedical engineering due to its light weight and corrosive resistance. However, wear resistance of titanium alloys are not satisfactory in the applications demanding sliding contacts. Laser engraving is widely applied to improve the wear resistance of the Titanium alloy surfaces. In this research work wear study using pin on disc experimental setup was carried out using four different patterns on the surface of the titanium pins. Patterns are made using laser engraving machine. The studies were conducted with three different laser beam power and with three different laser beam passes. Further these design parameters were investigated by the analysis of variance to understand their significance in affecting the mass loss of the test specimen. It is observed that the influence of shape of the pattern is highly significant in the design space with a contribution of 71.19%.Laser power and the number of passes of the laser beam were observed to be insignificant. The interaction between shape of the pattern and power of the laser beam is also observed to be significant with a contribution of 11.55%. The R2 value of 92.65% indicates that the model is satisfactorily explain the total variations. From the main effect plot, the combination of hatch pattern, 5W power and single pass of laser beam was found to be the optimal condition for the preparation of test specimen that favour minimum mass loss in the designed space.