bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autonomy, Evidence and Methods in Global Health
Authors: Ackers Louise , Ackers-Johnson Gavin , Welsh Joanne , Kibombo Daniel , Opio Samuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter discusses the growing impact that funding bodies have on the design, delivery and evaluation of global health interventions with specific emphasis on the UK’s Commonwealth Partnerships for Antimicrobial Stewardship (CwPAMS) funding programme. It explains the reasons for focusing the antimicrobial resistance intervention on maternal sepsis and describes the context within which the Maternal Sepsis Intervention took place; in a Regional Referral Hospital in Western Uganda.
The Role of Microbiology Testing in Controlling Infection and Promoting Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Ackers Louise , Ackers-Johnson Gavin , Welsh Joanne , Kibombo Daniel , Opio Samuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter discusses the Role of Microbiology Testing in Controlling Infection and Promoting Antimicrobial Stewardship. It details the role that culture and sensitivity testing has played in creating the ‘objective’ evidence base that facilitated and nurtured midwifery empowerment, task shifting and multi-disciplinary team working. The chapter presents findings of resistance patterns of isolates from women with suspected sepsis.
M-theoretic genesis of topological phases
Authors: Cho Gil Young , Gang Dongmin , Kim Hee-Cheol 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present a novel M-theoretic approach of constructing and classifying anyonic topological phases of matter, by establishing a correspondence between (2+1)d topological field theories and non-hyperbolic 3-manifolds. In this construction, the topological phases emerge as macroscopic world-volume theories of M5-branes wrapped around certain types of non-hyperbolic 3-manifolds. We devise a systematic algorithm for identifying the emergent topological phases from topological data of the internal wrapped 3-manifolds. As a benchmark of our approach, we reproduce all the known unitary bosonic topological orders up to rank 4. Remarkably, our construction is not restricted to an unitary bosonic theory but it can also generate fermionic and/or non-unitary anyon models in an equivalent fashion. Hence, we pave a new route toward the classification of topological phases of matter.
More on Wilson toroidal networks and torus blocks
Authors: Alkalaev Konstantin , Belavin Vladimir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider the Wilson line networks of the Chern-Simons 3d gravity theory with toroidal boundary conditions which calculate global conformal blocks of degenerate quasi-primary operators in torus 2d CFT. After general discussion that summarizes and further extends results known in the literature we explicitly obtain the one-point torus block and two-point torus blocks through particular matrix elements of toroidal Wilson network operators in irreducible finite-dimensional representations of sl(2, ℝ) algebra. The resulting expressions are given in two alternative forms using different ways to treat multiple tensor products of sl(2, ℝ) representations: (1) 3mj Wigner symbols and intertwiners of higher valence, (2) totally symmetric tensor products of the fundamental sl(2, ℝ) representation.
Human RNase3 immune modulation by catalytic-dependent and independent modes in a macrophage-cell line infection model
Authors: Lu Lu , Wei RanLei , Prats-Ejarque Guillem , Goetz Maria , Wang Gang , Torrent Marc , Boix Ester 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe human RNase3 is a member of the RNaseA superfamily involved in host immunity. RNase3 is expressed by leukocytes and shows broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Together with a direct antimicrobial action, RNase3 exhibits immunomodulatory properties. Here, we have analysed the transcriptome of macrophages exposed to the wild-type protein and a catalytic-defective mutant (RNase3-H15A). The analysis of differently expressed genes (DEGs) in treated THP1-derived macrophages highlighted a common pro-inflammatory “core-response” independent of the protein ribonucleolytic activity. Network analysis identified the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as the main central regulatory protein. Expression of selected DEGs and MAPK phosphorylation were inhibited by an anti-EGFR antibody. Structural analysis suggested that RNase3 activates the EGFR pathway by direct interaction with the receptor. Besides, we identified a subset of DEGs related to the protein ribonucleolytic activity, characteristic of virus infection response. Transcriptome analysis revealed an early pro-inflammatory response, not associated to the protein catalytic activity, followed by a late activation in a ribonucleolytic-dependent manner. Next, we demonstrated that overexpression of macrophage endogenous RNase3 protects the cells against infection byMycobacterium aurumand the human respiratory syncytial virus. Comparison of cell infection profiles in the presence of Erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, revealed that the receptor activation is required for the antibacterial but not for the antiviral protein action. Moreover, the DEGs related and unrelated to the protein catalytic activity are associated to the immune response to bacterial and viral infection, respectively. We conclude that RNase3 modulates the macrophage defence against infection in both catalytic-dependent and independent manners.
On the Field-Induced Transport of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Incompressible Flow: Existence of Global Solutions
Authors: Grün G. , Weiß P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe prove global-in-time existence of weak solutions to a pde-model for the motion of dilute superparamagnetic nanoparticles in fluids influenced by quasi-stationary magnetic fields. This model has recently been derived in Grün and Weiß(On the field-induced transport of magnetic nanoparticles in incompressible flow: modeling and numerics, Mathematical Models and Methods in the Applied Sciences, in press). It couples evolution equations for particle density and magnetization to the hydrodynamic and magnetostatic equations. Suggested by physical arguments, we consider no-flux-type boundary conditions for the magnetization equation which entails $$H({\text {div}},{\text {curl}})$$

H
(
div
,
curl
)

-regularity for magnetization and magnetic field. By a subtle approximation procedure, we nevertheless succeed to give a meaning to the Kelvin force $$(\mathbf {m}\cdot \nabla )\mathbf {h}$$

(
m
·
∇
)
h

and to establish existence of solutions in the sense of distributions in two space dimensions. For the three-dimensional case, we suggest two regularizations of the system which each guarantee existence of solutions, too.
Semiflow Selection to Models of General Compressible Viscous Fluids
Authors: Basarić Danica 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe prove the existence of a semiflow selection with range the space of càglàd, i.e. left-continuous and having right-hand limits functions defined on$$[0,\infty )$$[0,∞)and taking values in a Hilbert space. Afterwards, we apply this abstract result to the system arising from a compressible viscous fluid with a barotropic pressure of the type$$a\varrho ^{\gamma }, \gamma \ge 1$$aϱγ,γ≥1, with a viscous stress tensor being a nonlinear function of the symmetric velocity gradient.
Radiation oncology as part of medical education—current status and possible digital future prospects
Authors: Dapper Hendrik , Wijnen-Meijer Marjo , Rathfelder Salome , Mosene Katharina , von Kirchbauer Isabelle , Bernhardt Denise , Berberat Pascal O. , Combs Stephanie E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Education as part of medical education is currently changing rapidly. Not least because of the corona crisis, more and more digital teaching formats and innovative teaching concepts such as the flipped classroom model are finding their way into teaching. We analyzed the acceptance and effectiveness of traditional teaching methods as well as the interest in innovative e‑learning methods among medical students in the field of radiation oncology at the medical school of the Technical University of Munich.

Methods
We carried out an online-based survey as well as a knowledge test on all students from two terms who had completed the seminar series of radiation oncology. The survey comprised seven questions on the frequency of participation, acceptance, and judgment of the effectiveness in terms of learning and on a potential use of e‑learning methods using a six-point Likert scale. The test consisted of 10 multiple-choice questions.

Results
Traditional teaching methods are largely accepted by students and most students consider the current learning format to be effective in terms of the teaching effect in the field of radiation oncology. However, only about 50% of all knowledge questions were answered correctly. The possible use of e‑learning methods was judged critically or desired in roughly equal parts among the students.

Conclusion
Traditional seminars enjoy a high level of acceptance among students. Effectiveness with regard to the internalization of content taught, however, should be increased. After all, the future seems to lie in the integration of e‑learning in the form of educational videos and practical seminars.
Lifetime risk of diabetes in metropolitan cities in India
Authors: Luhar Shammi , Kondal Dimple , Jones Rebecca , Anjana Ranjit M. , Patel Shivani A. , Kinra Sanjay , Clarke Lynda , Ali Mohammed K. , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Kadir M. Masood , Tandon Nikhil , Mohan Viswanathan , Narayan K. M. Venkat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims/hypothesisWe aimed to estimate the lifetime risk of diabetes and diabetes-free life expectancy in metropolitan cities in India among the population aged 20 years or more, and their variation by sex, age and BMI.MethodsA Markov simulation model was adopted to estimate age-, sex- and BMI-specific lifetime risk of developing diabetes and diabetes-free life expectancy. The main data inputs used were as follows: age-, sex- and BMI-specific incidence rates of diabetes in urban India taken from the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (2010–2018); age-, sex- and urban-specific rates of mortality from period lifetables reported by the Government of India (2014); and prevalence of diabetes from the Indian Council for Medical Research INdia DIABetes study (2008–2015).ResultsLifetime risk (95% CI) of diabetes in 20-year-old men and women was 55.5 (51.6, 59.7)% and 64.6 (60.0, 69.5)%, respectively. Women generally had a higher lifetime risk across the lifespan. Remaining lifetime risk (95% CI) declined with age to 37.7 (30.1, 46.7)% at age 60 years among women and 27.5 (23.1, 32.4)% in men. Lifetime risk (95% CI) was highest among obese Indians: 86.0 (76.6, 91.5)% among 20-year-old women and 86.9 (75.4, 93.8)% among men. We identified considerably higher diabetes-free life expectancy at lower levels of BMI.Conclusions/interpretationLifetime risk of diabetes in metropolitan cities in India is alarming across the spectrum of weight and rises dramatically with higher BMI. Prevention of diabetes among metropolitan Indians of all ages is an urgent national priority, particularly given the rapid increase in urban obesogenic environments across the country.
Risk and resilience: a mixed methods investigation of Aboriginal Australian women’s perinatal mental health screening assessments
Authors: Carlin Emma , Seear Kimberley H. , Ferrari Katherine , Spry Erica , Atkinson David , Marley Julia V. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the psychosocial protective and risk factors for perinatal mental health identified in a sample of Aboriginal women’s Kimberley Mum’s Mood Scale (KMMS) assessments and explore the role of these factors in their screening assessment and diagnostic outcome.

Methods
We used a mixed methods approach to retrospectively analyse a cross-sectional study dataset of 91 completed KMMS assessments. This included: categorising the clinical notes from the KMMS psychosocial yarn into ‘risk’ and ‘protective’ factors and describing these categories, describing the number and type of risk and protective factors associated with different KMMS risk assessment categories (no, low, medium, high), and exploring relationships between these risk and protective factors and diagnosis of perinatal depression and/or anxiety.

Results
Protective factors were recorded for the vast majority of the women; the most prominent was positive family relationships. When protective and risk factors were stratified by KMMS risk category, women in the higher risk group less commonly had specific protective factors (11–33% high vs 61–100% no risk) and more commonly had risk factors (22–67% high vs 6–28% no risk) than women with lower KMMS assessed risk. The average number of protective factors decreased with increasing KMMS risk category (4.9 ± 1.1 to 1.6 ± 1.3), with the inverse pattern for risk factors (1.1 ± 1.1 to 3.8 ± 1.0). Having protective factors also appeared to reduce the risk of developing clinical depression or anxiety.

Conclusion
Assessing protective factors in mental health screening for perinatal Aboriginal women increases the effectiveness of screening and provides a foundation for the delivery of local structured psychosocial care.
Flow boiling heat transfer capabilities of R134a low GWP substitutes inside a 4 mm id horizontal smooth tube: R600a and R152a
Authors: Longo Giovanni A. , Mancin Simone , Righetti Giulia , Zilio Claudio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractR134a was recognized as probably one of the most important refrigerants of the two past decades. Among the proposed alternative fluids, there are certainly isobutane (R600a) and R152a. This article presents about 200 new heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop data obtained during flow boiling of R152a and R600a inside a smooth copper tube having an internal diameter of 4 mm. Three saturation temperatures were considered for each refrigerant, from 5 °C to 20 °C. Furthermore, for each temperature studied, the heat flux was varied between 15 and 30 kW m−2 and the refrigerant mass flux from 100 to 400 kg m−2 s−1. After presenting the new data, a critical comparison was proposed between the performance of these refrigerants and R134a. Finally, some classic correlations available in the literature have been implemented. The deviations between the calculated and experimental values were reported and commented.
Delaying BCG immunotherapy onset after transurethral resection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is associated with adverse survival outcomes
Authors: Krajewski Wojciech , Moschini Marco , Chorbińska Joanna , Nowak Łukasz , Poletajew Sławomir , Tukiendorf Andrzej , Afferi Luca , Teoh Jeremy Yuen-Chun , Muilwijk Tim , Joniau Steven , Tafuri Alessandro , Antonelli Alessandro , Cianflone Francesco , Mari Andrea , Di Trapani Ettore , Hendricksen Kees , Alvarez-Maestro Mario , Rodríguez-Serrano Andrea , Simone Giuseppe , Zamboni Stefania , Simeone Claudio , Marconi Maria Cristina , Mastroianni Riccardo , Ploussard Guillaume , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Tully Karl , Kołodziej Anna , Krajewska Joanna , Piszczek Radosław , Xylinas Evanguelos , Zdrojowy Romuald ,   European Association of Urology—Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU): Urothelial carcinoma working group
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study was carried out to assess whether a prolonged time between primary transurethral resection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (TURB) and implementation of bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy (time to BCG; TTBCG) is associated with adverse oncological survival in patients with T1 high-grade (HG) non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Materials and methods
Data on 429 patients from 13 tertiary care centers with primary T1HG NMIBC treated with reTURB and maintenance BCG between 2001 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Change-point regression was applied following Muggeo’s approach. The population was divided into subgroups according to TTBCG, whereas the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated with log-rank tests. Additionally, Cox regression analyses were performed. Due to differences in baseline patient characteristics, propensity-score-matched analysis (PSM) and inverse-probability weighting (IPW) were implemented.

Results
The median TTBCG was 95 days (interquartile range (IQR): 71–127). The change-point regression analysis revealed a gradually increasing risk of recurrence with growing TTBCG. The risk of tumor progression gradually increased until a TTBCG of approximately 18 weeks. When the study population was divided into two subgroups (time intervals: ≤ 101 and > 101 days), statistically significant differences were found for both RFS (p = 0.029) and PFS (p = 0.005). Furthermore, in patients with a viable tumor at reTURB, there were no differences in RFS and PFS. After both PSM and IPW, statistically significant differences were found for both RFS and PFS, with worse results for longer TTBCG.

Conclusion
This study shows that delaying BCG immunotherapy after TURB of T1HG NMIBC is associated with an increased risk of tumor recurrence and progression.
3D pelvimetry and biometric measurements: a surgical perspective for colorectal resections
Authors: Lorenzon Laura , Bini Fabiano , Landolfi Federica , Quinzi Serena , Balducci Genoveffa , Marinozzi Franco , Biondi Alberto , Persiani Roberto , D’Ugo Domenico , Tirelli Flavio , Iannicelli Elsa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Male sex, high BMI, narrow pelvis, and bulky mesorectum were acknowledged as clinical variables correlated with a difficult pelvic dissection in colorectal surgery. This paper aimed at comparing pelvic biometric measurements in female and male patients and at providing a perspective on how pelvimetry segmentation may help in visualizing mesorectal distribution.

Methods
A 3D software was used for segmentation of DICOM data of consecutive patients aged 60 years, who underwent elective abdominal CT scan. The following measurements were estimated: pelvic inlet, outlet, and depth; pubic tubercle height; distances from the promontory to the coccyx and to S3/S4; distance from S3/S4 to coccyx’s tip; ischial spines distance; pelvic tilt; offset angle; pelvic inlet angle; angle between the inlet/sacral promontory/coccyx; angle between the promontory/coccyx/pelvic outlet; S3 angle; and pelvic inlet to pelvic depth ratio. The measurements were compared in males and females using statistical analyses.

Results
Two-hundred patients (M/F 1:1) were analyzed. Out of 21 pelvimetry measurements, 19 of them documented a significant mean difference between groups. Specifically, female patients had a significantly wider pelvic inlet and outlet but a shorter pelvic depth, and promontory/sacral/coccyx distances, resulting in an augmented inlet/depth ratio when comparing with males (p < 0.0001). The sole exceptions were the straight conjugate (p = 0.06) and S3 angle (p = 0.17). 3D segmentation provided a perspective of the mesorectum distribution according to the pelvic shape.

Conclusion
Significant differences in the structure of pelvis exist in males and females. Surgeons must be aware of the pelvic shape when approaching the rectum.
Aetiology of Ludwig van Beethoven’s hearing impairment: hypotheses over the past 100 years – A systematic review
Authors: Thomas Jan Peter , Dazert Stefan , Prescher Andreas , Voelter Christiane 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Even 250 years after Beethoven’s birth, the irrevocable cause of his hearing impairment remains unclear despite multiple publications by different professional groups. This study aimed to analyse the development of the most likely aetiologies during the last 100 years by a systematic review of the relevant medical literature.

Methods
A systematic review of medical literature in PubMed®, PubMed Central®, and Web of Science® for the period 1920–2020 was conducted. Medical publications between 1920 and 1935 were additionally searched manually by review of reference lists. Studies were eligible when a statement regarding the most likely aetiology of the hearing loss of Beethoven was the aimed objective of the publication.

Results
48 publications were included. The following aetiologies were supposed: otosclerosis (n = 10), syphilis (n = 9), Paget’s disease (n = 6), neural deafness (n = 5), immunopathy with inflammatory bowel disease, neural deafness with otosclerosis, sarcoidosis or lead intoxication (n = 2), and systemic lupus erythematosus, trauma, labyrinthitis or inner ear disease (n = 1). There is an ongoing effort with a mean publication frequency in this topic of 0.48/year. From 1920 to 1970, otolaryngologists were the group with the highest interest in this field (67%), whereas since 1971 most authors have belonged to non-otolaryngologic subspecialities (81%).

Conclusion
Over the past 100 years, otosclerosis and syphilis were predominantly supposed to be the underlying causes. The hypothesis of syphilis—although rejected for a long time—has had a remarkable revival during the past 20 years. Regarding the outcome following therapeutic intervention by cochlear implantation, the differential diagnosis of neural deafness would be relevant today.
Causes behind error rates for predictive biomarker testing: the utility of sending post-EQA surveys
Authors: Keppens Cleo , Schuuring Ed , Dequeker Elisabeth M. C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExternal quality assessment (EQA) schemes assess the performance of predictive biomarker testing in lung and colorectal cancer and have previously demonstrated variable error rates. No information is currently available on the underlying causes of incorrect EQA results in the laboratories. Participants in EQA schemes by the European Society of Pathology between 2014 and 2018 for lung and colorectal cancer were contacted to complete a survey if they had at least one analysis error or test failure in the provided cases. Of the 791 surveys that were sent, 325 were completed including data from 185 unique laboratories on 514 incorrectly analyzed or failed cases. For the digital cases and immunohistochemistry, the majority of errors were interpretation-related. For fluorescence in situ hybridization, problems with the EQA materials were reported frequently. For variant analysis, the causes were mainly methodological for lung cancer but variable for colorectal cancer. Post-analytical (clerical and interpretation) errors were more likely detected after release of the EQA results compared to pre-analytical and analytical issues. Accredited laboratories encountered fewer reagent problems and more often responded to the survey. A recent change in test methodology resulted in method-related problems. Testing more samples annually introduced personnel errors and lead to a lower performance in future schemes. Participation to quality improvement projects is important to reduce deviating test results in laboratories, as the different error causes differently affect the test performance. EQA providers could benefit from requesting root cause analyses behind errors to offer even more tailored feedback, subschemes, and cases.