АНАЛИЗ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА
Authors: Мухачёва А.В. , Хотишова А.С. , Парфенов А.А. 
Published: February 2025

Одной из главных проблем развития экономики России остаётся значительная территориальная дифференциация регионов относительно распределения природно-климатических, трудовых, рекреационных, материальных ресурсов, близости к их источникам и потенциальным потребителям продукции. В статье для оценки социально-экономического положения регионов Северо-Западного федерального округа рассмотрены такие из них, как ВРП на душу населения, уровень безработицы, инфляция, инвестиции в основной капитал и пр. Их анализ в очередной раз подтвердил факт наличия в округе глубокой дифференциации регионов по уровню социально-экономического развития. Сравнение позволило определить наиболее успешные и отсталые регионы рассматриваемого федерального округа. Методологической базой являются открытые статистические данные, подвергаемые экономико-статистическому анализу. Результаты исследования применимы прежде всего в сфере регионального и муниципального управления для регулирования социально-экономической дифференциации развития территорий.
Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the significant regional differentiation in the level of socio-economic development, the need for continuous monitoring of the state of individual subjects of the Russian Federation in order to maintain high quality of life of the population on the basis of a capacious and sufficient set of indicators (mainly statistical ones). The study aims to analyze the socio-economic situation and socio-economic differentiation of the regions of the Northwestern Federal District. The object of the study is the regions of the Northwestern Federal District. Assessment of the level of economic development is a complex multi-stage process which is based on an extended methodological toolkit and involves consideration of a number of indicators. Compared to the other federal districts of the Russian Federation, the Northwestern Federal District is quite well-developed in socio-economic terms, which is reflected in the high values of the key statistical indicators. The results of the study include a description of the key indicators of the socio-economic development of the regions of the Northwestern Federal District: gross regional product (GRP) per capita, unemployment rate, inflation rate, fixed capital investment, the cost of a minimum set of products, per capita cash income and real per capita cash income of the population. The analysis of the indicators once again confirmed the presence of significant differentiation of the regions within the district in terms of the level of socio-economic development. The comparison made it possible to determine the most successful and most backward regions of the federal district in question. For instance, St. Petersburg demonstrates unprecedentedly high rates of socio-economic development. Some researchers even suggest excluding this federal city from the sample for analysis to obtain unbiased estimates. Among the leaders are Leningrad, Arkhangelsk, and Murmansk oblast, whose rates were higher by a several-fold factor with regard to most indicators of socio-economic development. The Republic of Karelia, Novgorod and Pskov oblast are among the regions that are lagging behind. The results of the analysis also revealed the negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the socio-economic development of the territories. The selection of the most effective methods for managing regional development is being carried out; a shift towards ensuring self-sufficiency and financial autonomy of the territories has become increasingly obvious of late.