bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aromaticity and Chemical Bonding of Chalcogen‐Bonded Capsules Featuring Enhanced Magnetic Anisotropy
Authors: Tzeli Demeter , Petsalakis Ioannis D. , Theodorakopoulos Giannoula , Rahman Faiz‐Ur , Ballester Pablo , Rebek Julius , Yu Yang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a theoretical study of chalcogen bonded container capsules (AX+AX) where X=O, S, Se, and Te, and their encapsulation complexes with n‐C9H20 (n‐C9H20@AX+AX). Both Se and Te encapsulation complexes have significant experimental and computed binding energies, analogous to the hydrogen bonded counterparts, while the S and O capsules and their encapsulation complexes show only weak binding energies, which are attributed to different types of bonding: chalcogen S⋅⋅⋅N bonds for S‐capsules and π–π stacking and weak hydrogen bonds for the O case. All AX+AX and C9H20@AX+AX present unusually high magnetic anisotropies in their interiors. The 1H NMR spectra of the encapsulation complexes display the proton signals of the encapsulated n‐nonane highly upfield shifted, in agreement with the available experimental data for the Se capsule. We found that different factors contribute to the observed magnetic anisotropy of the capsule's interior: for the Te capsule the most important factor is Te's large polarizability; for the O analogue the inductive effects produced by the electronegative nature of the O and N heteroatoms; and for the S and Se capsules, the polarizability of the heteroatoms combines with electric field effects.
Genetic stability and genotype × environment interaction analysis for seed protein content and protein yield of lentil
Authors: Subedi Maya , Khazaei Hamid , Arganosa Gene , Etukudo Emediong , Vandenberg Albert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) seeds are an excellent source of staple dietary protein that can be a viable plant‐based alternative protein source to food processing industries. Understanding of the basis of genotype × environment (G × E) interaction is fundamental knowledge for plant breeding. We explored genetic stability and G × E for seed protein content and protein yield for 34 lentil genotypes using AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) and SREG (site regression) models. Genotypes were evaluated under field conditions in five locations at western Canada during 2017–2018. Protein content and protein yield were 21.6–26.9% of seed dry weight and 156.8–1113.0 kg ha−1, respectively, across 10 environments. Environment and G × E had fewer effects on protein content than protein yield. Higher seed protein content was observed in the extra‐small red market class. Based on both models, genotypes IBC 1235, 3923‐9, 3674‐17, IBC 929R, and 4371‐4 with stable protein productivity would be useful genetic resources for the development of protein‐rich varieties in lentil breeding programs. Our results suggest genetic improvement of protein and protein yield together is possible for lentil.
Hybrid performance as related to genomic diversity and population structure in public sorghum inbred lines
Authors: Maulana Frank , Perumal Ramasamy , Tesso Tesfaye 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe low‐cost next‐generation sequencing technologies provide tremendous opportunities for dissecting complex traits in crop species. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between genomic diversity, population structure, and hybrid performance in public sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] inbred lines. A total of 279 public sorghum inbred lines (228 R‐lines and 51 B‐lines) developed across more than two decades were studied. The inbreds were genotyped using genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) platform, which generated 282,536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After filtering at a ≤5% threshold for minor allele frequency (MAF) and <20% missing data, a total of 66,265 SNPs were returned and used for analysis. Mean polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.35, and gene diversity across the inbreds was 0.46. The neighbor‐joining tree, principal component, and STRUCTURE analyses clustered the inbreds into three subgroups. One‐hundred and two test‐cross hybrids, 50 between closely related parents and 52 between distantly related parents, were developed and evaluated along with two commercial checks in two environments using three replications. Data were obtained on plant height, maturity, yield, and yield components. Mean performance of hybrids derived from closely related and distantly related parents was compared to determine the value of genomics‐based genetic distance to predict hybrid performance. The results revealed the presence of robust genetic variability and hierarchical genetic structure among inbred parents, but marker‐based genetic distance was not a good predictor of yield performance.
Ion‐acoustic solitary waves in e‐p‐i plasmas with (r, q)‐distributed electrons and kappa‐distributed positrons
Authors: Kouser Shahnaz , Qureshi Muhammad Nouman Sarwar , Shah Khalid Hussain , Shah Hassan Amir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we have studied the propagation of non‐linear ion‐acoustic waves in a plasma comprising of (r, q)‐distributed electrons and kappa‐distributed positrons. We have investigated the effect of complete electron distribution profile on the propagation of small, as well as arbitrary, amplitude solitons (via pseudopotential technique) by using generalized (r, q) distribution, which exhibits a spiky and flat top nature at low energies and a super‐thermal tail at high energies. Interestingly, for negative values of r, solitons are formed with both polarities, positive (compressive) and negative (rarefactive), separately within a small amplitude limit and exist simultaneously in an arbitrary amplitude limit. We also found that the propagation of solitons has been affected by the change in parameters r, q, positron concentration, and electron to positron temperature ratio. The results presented in this study add to the fundamental understanding of the complete profile of the electron distribution function, high‐ and low‐energy parts, and in the formation of compressive and rarefactive small and finite amplitude solitons in both space and astrophysical plasmas.
Immunophenotyping of Rhesus CMV‐Specific CD8 T‐Cell Populations
Authors: Pomplun Nicholas L. , Vosler Logan , Weisgrau Kim L. , Furlott Jessica , Weiler Andrea M. , Abdelaal Hadia M. , Evans David T. , Watkins David I. , Matano Tetsuro , Skinner Pamela J. , Friedrich Thomas C. , Rakasz Eva G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA vaccine to ameliorate cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐related pathogenicity in transplantation patients is considered a top priority. A therapeutic vaccine must include components that elicit both neutralizing antibodies, and highly effective CD8 T‐cell responses. The most important translational model of vaccine development is the captive‐bred rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) of Indian origin. There is a dearth of information on rhesus cytomegalovirus (rhCMV)‐specific CD8 T cells due to the absence of well‐defined CD8 T‐cell epitopes presented by classical MHC‐I molecules. In the current study, we defined two CD8 T‐cell epitopes restricted by high‐frequency Mamu alleles: the Mamu‐A1*002:01 restricted VY9 (VTTLGMALY aa291‐299) epitope of protein IE‐1, and the Mamu‐A1*008:01 restricted NP8 (NPTDRPIP aa96‐103) epitope of protein phosphoprotein 65‐2. We developed tetramers and determined the level, phenotype, and functional capability of the two epitope‐specific T‐cell populations in circulation and various tissues. We demonstrated the value of these tetramers for in situ tetramer staining. Here, we first provided critical reagents and established a flow cytometric staining strategy to study rhCMV‐specific T‐cell responses in up to 40% of captive‐bred rhesus macaques. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Eco‐oncology: Applying ecological principles to understand and manage cancer
Authors: Reynolds Brent A. , Oli Monika W. , Oli Madan K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCancer is a disease of single cells that expresses itself at the population level. The striking similarities between initiation and growth of tumors and dynamics of biological populations, and between metastasis and ecological invasion and community dynamics suggest that oncology can benefit from an ecological perspective to improve our understanding of cancer biology. Tumors can be viewed as complex, adaptive, and evolving systems as they are spatially and temporally heterogeneous, continually interacting with each other and with the microenvironment and evolving to increase the fitness of the cancer cells. We argue that an eco‐evolutionary perspective is essential to understand cancer biology better. Furthermore, we suggest that ecologically informed therapeutic approaches that combine standard of care treatments with strategies aimed at decreasing the evolutionary potential and fitness of neoplastic cells, such as disrupting cell‐to‐cell communication and cooperation, and preventing successful colonization of distant organs by migrating cancer cells, may be effective in managing cancer as a chronic condition.
Soil origin corresponds with variation in growth of an invasive Centaurea, but not of non‐invasive congeners
Authors: Montesinos Daniel , Callaway Ragan M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhy only a small proportion of exotic species become invasive is an unresolved question. Escape from the negative effects of soil biota in the native range can be important for the success of many invasives, but comparative effects of soil biota on less successful exotic species are poorly understood. Studies of other mechanisms suggest that such comparisons might be fruitful. Seeds of three closely related Centaurea species with overlapping distributions in both their native range of Spain and their nonnative range of California were grown to maturity in pots to obtain an F1 generation of full sibling seeds with reduced maternal effects. Full sibling F1 seeds from both ranges were subsequently grown in pots with inoculations of soil from either the native or nonnative ranges in a fully orthogonal factorial design. We then compared plant biomass among species, regions, and soil sources. Our results indicate that escape from soil pathogens may unleash the highly invasive Centaurea solstitialis, which was suppressed by native Spanish soils but not by soils from California. In contrast, the two non‐invasive Centaurea species grew the same on all soils. These results add unprecedented phylogenetically controlled insight into why some species invade and others do not.
Metabolic and Hematological Responses to Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation in Chicks Experiencing Embryonic 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin Exposure
Authors: Amaral-Silva Lara , Tazawa Hiroshi , Bícego Kênia Cardoso , Burggren Warren W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Dioxin exposure during bird embryonic development disrupts immunity as well as mechanisms involved in energy metabolism, potentially affecting negatively acute-phase responses to pathogens. Thus, we hypothesized that embryonic exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) changes the metabolism and blood physiology of domestic chicks, affecting their physiological competence for responding to immune challenges. To test this hypothesis, we injected doses of 0, 1.5, and 3 ng TCDD/egg (based on survival experiments) on embryonic day 4 and then measured O2 consumption and CO2 production for metabolic rate, ventilation, and body temperature (TB) in 5-d-old chicks. Then, chicks were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) or saline prior to repeating the physiological measurements. A second chick group exposed to identical TCDD and LPS treatments had blood partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, pH, bicarbonate concentration, lactate concentration, osmolality, hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell concentration, and hematocrit, as well as TB, analyzed at 1 and 5 h after LPS injection. Metabolism in chicks embryonically exposed to 1.5 and 3 ng TCDD/egg was up to 37% higher, whereas body mass of chicks exposed to 3 ng TCDD/egg was approximately 6% lower. Chicks embryonically exposed to 3 ng TCDD/egg challenged with LPS showed a relative persistent hypometabolism accompanied by elimination of the normal hematological and osmotic responses to LPS. We conclude that embryonic exposure to TCDD affects posthatching metabolism as well as impairs metabolic, hematological, and osmotic responses to LPS. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2208–2220. © 2020 SETAC
The barriers to big data adoption in developing economies
Authors: Alalawneh Ammar A. F. , Alkhatib Saleh F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBig data adoption (BDA) and its barriers, opportunities, and expected benefits are increasingly attracting researchers' and practitioners' attention. For developing economies, BDA has special importance; however, they have struggled to identify the barriers hindering it. This study aims to identify the barriers to BDA in developing economies and their relative importance across sectors to identify sectors' readiness for BDA. Based on a review of the BDA literature, semi‐structured interviews with big data (BD) experts, and a questionnaire‐based survey, five barrier sets, and 19 sub‐barriers were identified. Thereafter, barrier sets for each sector were identified, analyzed, discussed, and compared. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to identify the relative importance of these barriers across sectors, while the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was used to rank sectors according to their readiness for BDA. This study positions itself as a reference for scholars and practitioners interested in BDA in developing economies.
Feasibility and efficacy of low‐dose pegfilgrastim for CD34+ cell mobilization in lymphoma
Authors: Goto Hideki , Hidaka Daisuke , Yamamoto Satoshi , Hayasaka Koji , Michimata Rie , Kagawa Ikuko , Sunagoya Kana , Iijima Hiroaki , Hayase Eiko , Shiratori Souichi , Okada Kohei , Sugita Junichi , Onozawa Masahiro , Hashimoto Daigo , Kahata Kaoru , Fujimoto Katsuya , Endo Tomoyuki , Shimizu Chikara , Teshima Takanori ,   North Japan Hematology Study Group (NJHSG)
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPegfilgrastim has equivalent efficacy to daily granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) in enhancing neutrophil recovery after chemotherapy, but data on its use for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization are limited. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of CD34+ PBSC mobilization by low‐dose (3.6 mg) pegfilgrastim after chemotherapy in patients with malignant lymphoma.Study Design and MethodsTwenty patients with malignant lymphoma were enrolled in this study. Cytotoxic chemotherapy was started on day 1, and 3.6 mg of pegfilgrastim was subcutaneously administered on day 7. CD34+ cells were counted in the peripheral blood daily from days 11 to 14 using a flow cytometric analysis.ResultsIn 19 of the 20 patients (95%), the CD34+ cell counts in the peripheral blood exceeded 10 × 106/L, with a mean value of 20.3 on day 11, 38.0 on day 12, 40.3 on day 13, and 40.1 on day 14. Older age was associated with lower maximum CD34+ cell mobilization. The most frequent adverse events associated with pegfilgrastim were back pain, nausea, appetite loss, and lactate dehydrogenase elevation.ConclusionOur data indicated that a single dose of 3.6 mg pegfilgrastim on day 7 after chemotherapy safely and effectively mobilized CD34+ cells.
Optimal parameters in variable‐velocity scanning luminescence lifetime microscopy
Authors: Petrášek Zdeněk , Bolivar Juan M. , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe determine the optimal parameters (scan velocities) for measuring the luminescence lifetime on the microsecond scale using the recently introduced method based on scanning the excitation beam across the sample. Using simulations, we evaluate the standard deviation and bias of the luminescence decay rate determined by scanning with two different velocities. The analysis is performed for Poisson‐ and normal‐distributed signals, representing different types of detection techniques. We also show that a weak uncorrected background induces a bias in the obtained decay rate, and take this effect into account when choosing optimal measurement parameters. For comparison, the analysis is additionally performed for two conventional gating schemes for lifetime measurement. The variable‐velocity scanning method is found to be more robust to the effect of the background signal than the gating schemes.
A retrospective study of adult patients with noncirrhotic hyperammonemia
Authors: Stergachis Andrew B. , Mogensen Kris M. , Khoury Charbel C. , Lin Alexander P. , Peake Roy WA. , Baker Joshua J. , Barkoudah Ebrahim , Sahai Inderneel , Sweetser David A. , Berry Gerard T. , Krier Joel B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdult‐onset noncirrhotic hyperammonemia (NCH) is poorly understood and has a high morbidity and mortality. To elucidate the etiology and management of NCH, we performed a retrospective analysis of 23 adults (median age 51) with NCH treated between 2014 and 2020 at two academic medical centers. Hyperammonemia was diagnosed in all cases during the evaluation of altered mental status, with 22% presenting with seizures. Peak ammonia levels were >200 μmol/L in 70% of cases. Defects in ammonia metabolism were assessed using urea cycle biochemical testing, germline genetic testing, and testing for urease‐producing infectious agents. Ammonia metabolism defects in these cases appear attributable to four major sources: (a) infection with urease‐producing organism (n = 5); (b) previously undiagnosed inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) (n = 4); (c) clinical exposures causing acquired urea cycle dysfunction (n = 6); and (d) unexplained acquired urea cycle dysfunction (uaUCD) (n = 8), as evidenced by biochemical signatures of urea cycle dysfunction without a genetic or clinical exposure. Severe protein malnutrition appeared to be a reversible risk factor for uaUCD. Overall, 13% of our cohort died prior to resolution of hyperammonemia, 26% died after hyperammonemia resolution, 57% survived after having reversible neurological changes, and 4% survived with irreversible neurological changes. Renal replacement therapy for ammonia clearance was often utilized for patients with an ammonia level above 250 μmol/L and patients were frequently empirically treated with antibiotics targeting urea‐splitting organisms. Our study demonstrates that acquired urea cycle dysfunction, IEMs and urease‐producing infections are major sources of adult‐onset NCH and highlights successful management strategies for adult‐onset NCH.
Statistical downscaling of daily temperature and precipitation over China using deep learning neural models: Localization and comparison with other methods
Authors: Sun Lei , Lan Yufeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConvolutional neural network (CNN) is an effective tool for extracting interpretable information from big data and has been recently used as a promising approach for statistical downscaling. In this study, CNN models of different configurations are used to downscale daily temperature and precipitation over China with the use of large‐scale atmospheric variables from ECMWF Interim reanalysis (ERI) and high‐resolution gridded observations as predictors and predictands respectively. A 21‐year period from 1979 to 1999 is used for calibration and a relatively warmer period during 2000–2017 is used for validation, which helps to examine the extrapolation capability of models. It is shown that model performance varies among different configurations. For a realistic multi‐site downscaling over whole China, the convolutional process is indispensable and much more spatial features are required to parameterize temperature characteristics than precipitation. As compared with ERI, CNN model shows added value in reproducing geographic distributions of seasonal mean climate and seasonal cycle as well as reducing biases in mean and extreme percentiles for both temperature and precipitation. However, ERI performs better in terms of temporal correlations. Then the model is further compared with Generalized Linear regression Model (GLM) and two quantile mapping based techniques including bias correction and spatial disaggregation (BCSD) and bias correction and climate imprint (BCCI). It is shown that bias correction methods show superior performances to other models in reducing biases and representing temporal correlations especially for precipitation. CNN model achieves better precipitation downscaling performances than GLM. It also achieves good skills in reproducing seasonal cycle of temperature and frequency distributions of daily precipitation, and presents better stabilities between the calibration and validation period. These results indicate that CNN model has good potential for downscaling application over large regions (e.g., continents).
Respiratory Fluctuation of Peak Systolic Velocities in the Carotid Doppler Waveforms of Patients With Obstructive Airway Disease
Authors: Kliewer Mark A. , Dyke William B. , Birch Christopher W. , Bagley Anjuli R. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo characterize fluctuations in peak systolic velocities (PSVs) in Doppler waveforms of the carotid artery in patients with and without obstructive airway disease and in volunteers subjected to incremental levels of airway resistance in an experimental model.MethodsThe PSV variation in common carotid waveforms was measured in 100 patients who had had a carotid ultrasound examination and no respiratory or carotid disease. This was compared to that of patients who had this study during an admission for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The PSV variation was correlated with pulmonary function testing. In addition, 14 healthy volunteers were asked to breathe through 5 resistors. Simultaneous recordings were made of Doppler waveforms in the common carotid artery, cardiac activity, and respiration. Peak systolic velocity changes from inspiration to expiration were calculated.ResultsOf the 100 patients without respiratory disease, the magnitude of the PSV variation averaged 6.3 cm/s. Of the 33 patients with COPD, the PSV variation averaged 16.5 cm/s. Nineteen of the 33 patients with COPD had concurrent pulmonary function testing; there was a statistically significant correlation between the PSV variation and forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume indices. For the volunteers, mean velocity changes were 7.1, 6.6, 8.3, 15.1, and 16.1 cm/s for 0.00‐, 2.15‐, 3.27‐, 3.58‐, and 5.77‐cm H2O/L/s levels of breathing resistance, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between an increasing airway load and the decline in PSV during inspiration (P = .02).ConclusionsThe PSV variation is greater in patients with increased airway resistance. Similar changes are evident in volunteers breathing into resistors. These findings likely reflect pulsus paradoxus.
Schwannoma of the tongue: A case report with and review of the literature
Authors: Shibata Mari , Yagihara Kazuhiro , Yagishita Hisao , Ishii Junichi , Kim Yusoon , Ishikawa Ayataka 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSchwannomas in the oral cavity are relatively rare. We experienced a 28‐year‐old woman with a protruding schwannoma of the sublingual surface. Few of the features of this tumor are specified. It is important to understand the clinicopathological features of tongue schwannoma. So, we reviewed both Japanese and international literature on this tumor. This tumor was more common in younger patients. On their macroscopic image, the tumors were masses with painless and exophytic parts. In addition, the tongue lesion in the movable part of the oral cavity had a longer disease duration and a slightly smaller tongue mass with an average size of 20 mm, as compared with a tongue base tumor with a chief complaint of some dysfunction. The schwannoma should be mentioned as one of the differential diagnosis of the exophytic mass of the tongue.