bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract C021: Affective mechanisms of stress-induced cigarette craving: Considerations of sex and ethnicity
Authors: Erblich Joel , Montgomery Guy H. , Schnur Julie B. , Ragin Camille 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cigarette smoking continues to be the number one modifiable risk factor for the development of cancer. Among the major impediments to successful smoking cessation are strong cravings to smoke, especially during times of heightened stress. Affective responses to stress (e.g., acute anxious and depressed mood) may serve as important mediators of cigarette cravings that are amenable to intervention. Experimental models have been developed to induce cravings reliably during stress under laboratory conditions, permitting a closer examination of possible changes in affect that may be driving cigarette cravings. The possibility that specific types of affect may be responsible for cigarette cravings, however, has not been investigated. Another key limitation of the extant research is its reliance on samples of predominantly male Caucasian smokers. Although several recent studies suggest possible sex- and ethnicity-based differences in affective responses to acute stress, no studies have explored how such differences may contribute to cigarette cravings. To that end, we conducted an experimental study in which an ethnically diverse sample of healthy volunteer female (n=163) and male (n=139) nicotine-dependent smokers were exposed to a mild stressor (guided imagery of painful dental work). We assessed positive affect (happy, relaxed, energized), negative affect (anxious, depressed, emotionally upset), and cigarette craving immediately before and after the imaginal dental stressor. Mean age of the sample was 38.6 (+ 10.2). Participants reported smoking an average of 19.5 (+ 9.8) cigarettes per day for an average of 18.9 (+ 10.0) years. Path analyses revealed that the acute stressor induced significant increases in negative affect and decreases in positive affect (p's &lt; 0.0001). In turn, increases in anxious, but not depressed mood, mediated effects of the stressor on cigarette craving. Bootstrapped confidence intervals indicated that indirect mediated effects were significant at the 0.05 level. Interestingly, effects were particularly pronounced in women (85% of total effect for women vs. 65% of total effect for men). Among Hispanic (n=81) smokers, elevations in depressed mood mediated increases in cigarette craving (p &lt;0.05), unlike among African American (n=138) and Caucasian (n=62) smokers. Results highlight the importance of considering sex and ethnicity when developing interventions to manage stress-induced cigarette cravings among smokers attempting to quit.
Citation Format: Joel Erblich, Guy H. Montgomery, Julie B. Schnur, Camille Ragin. Affective mechanisms of stress-induced cigarette craving: Considerations of sex and ethnicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C021.
Abstract C030: Gastric tumors from Latino patients show extensive intratumor heterogeneity
Authors: Toal Ted , Polanco-Echevery Guadalupe M. , Sahasrabudhe Ruta , Estrada Ana , Bohorquez Mabel , Echeverry Magdalena , Torres Javier , Carvajal-Carmona Luis G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with a five-year survival rate lower than 30%. GC is diagnosed in 25,000 Americans each year, with Latinos twice as likely to succumb compared to non-Hispanic whites. Treatment is currently limited to only two molecularly guided therapies. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data show that 70% of GC patients have a mutation in a gene targetable with existing drugs. Significant spatial mutational intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) has been identified in a variety of tumor types to date, although a GC ITH study has yet to be investigated. ITH is an important consideration for personalized therapy. Driver gene mutations are frequently found to be nonclonal, a crucial factor when assessing effective druggability. The goal of the present study was to examine GC ITH in Latino GC patients using targeted multiregional sequencing (MSEQ). Two to five biopsies from different tumor regions and adjacent normal tissue were obtained from 34 GC patients; DNA was extracted from the tumor and the normal tissues and the coding regions of 783 cancer genes were sequenced using Agilent enrichment and Illumina sequencing. Somatic mutations were called in each tumor sample, using joint analysis of all samples for each patient. Tumor cell fractions were estimated for each mutation in each sample, and phylogenetic trees were made for visualize each patient's somatic mutational patterns. We found a high degree of ITH, both intratumoral and interpatient, with the fraction of functional somatic mutations that are clonal ranging from 0 to 52%, the fraction private to one tumor sample ranging from 48% to 94%, and the fraction shared between multiple but not all samples ranging from 0 to 21%. There was at least one known drug interaction with a gene containing a clonal functional mutation for 11 of the 16 samples, and in 6 samples there were two or more known drug interactions. Our study is the first one to assess ITH in GC, and our results are important to understand the clonal architecture of these GCs and to improve molecular diagnostics.
Citation Format: Ted Toal, Guadalupe M. Polanco-Echevery, Ruta Sahasrabudhe, Ana Estrada, Mabel Bohorquez, Magdalena Echeverry, Javier Torres, Luis G. Carvajal-Carmona. Gastric tumors from Latino patients show extensive intratumor heterogeneity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C030.
Abstract C045: Polymorphism in CYP1B1 increases CRC risk in Puerto Rican individuals that consume processed meats
Authors: Perez-Mayoral Julyann , Perez-Hernandez Maria E. , Stern Mariana , Cruz-Correa Marcia R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 1st cause of cancer-related deaths in Puerto Rico (PR). CRC is a heterogeneous disease with lifestyle and environmental factors shown to modify the risk to develop this disease. High intake of red and processed meats was determined to be a risk factor for increased risk of CRC. Genetic variations in genes involved in the metabolism of meat carcinogens have been found to be associated with CRC risk and to vary across racial/ethnic populations. The objective of this project was to determine the association of functional genetic variants in meat-carcinogen metabolism genes with CRC risk in the PR population. First, we analyzed the allelic frequencies of SNPs in key meat carcinogen metabolism genes (CYP1A1, CYP1B1, NAT2 and CYP2E1), that were previously reported to have an association with development of colorectal adenomas or CRC were evaluated in the 1000 Genomes Populations. The 1000 Genomes populations included AFR (African Populations), EUR (European Populations), CLM (Colombians from Medellin, Colombia), MXL (Mexican Ancestry from Los Angeles USA), PEL (Peruvians from Lima Peru) and PUR (Puerto Ricans from Puerto Rico). Then, we genotyped using TaqMan technology 5 functional SNPs localized at key meat carcinogen detoxifying genes, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, NAT1, NAT2 and CYP2E1 in Puerto Ricans (205 CRC cases and 218 controls). Our preliminary results showed that the allelic frequencies of the SNPs differ between PUR and the other 1000 Genomes populations, suggesting that these SNPs might have a distinct effect on the association of red/processed meat intake and CRC risk on Puerto Ricans. Furthermore, genotyping analysis showed that individuals with the AA genotype at the rs1800440 SNP (CYP1B1) who consume processed meat 2-4 times per week were at increased risk of CRC (p=0.008). These preliminary data support a role for genetic variants in genes that play key roles in the mechanisms of meat carcinogenesis as possible modifiers of the carcinogenic effects of meat.
Citation Format: Julyann Perez-Mayoral, Maria E. Perez-Hernandez, Mariana Stern, Marcia R. Cruz-Correa. Polymorphism in CYP1B1 increases CRC risk in Puerto Rican individuals that consume processed meats [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C045.
Abstract C050: Deleterious coding variants in African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer Study (AAHPC) families
Authors: Lewis Deyana D. , Wong Shukmei , Baker Angela S. , Bailey-Wilson Joan E. , Carpten John D. , Cropp Cheryl D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in males, with a ~1.5-2-fold higher incidence in African American men when compared with whites. Epidemiologic evidence supports a large heritable contribution to prostate cancer, with over 100 susceptibility loci identified to date that can explain ~33% of the familial risk. A portion of the undefined risk may be due to rare susceptibility variants. The African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer (AAHPC) Study, established in 1997, enrolled 77 African American families from seven clinical sites across the United States. The aim of this study is to identify rare, predictive, deleterious variants through exome sequencing of 99 cases from families selected from the AAHPC families and three 1000 Genome controls.
Methods: To explore the contribution of rare variation in coding regions to prostate cancer risk, we sequenced the exomes of 99 AAHPC cases at a mean coverage of 30x. Post-variant calling quality control (QC) was implemented using Golden Helix SVS 8 software with filters set for removal of variants with Read Depth &gt;10, Quality Score &gt;10, and Quality Score: Read Depth Ratio &gt; 0.5. Mendelian inconsistency was checked using PLINK. Prioritization of all candidate genes/variants was evaluated using online databases 1000 Genome and bioinformatics tool ANNOVAR for non-reference allele frequency and predictions of functional impact.
Conclusions: Through exome sequencing of 99 AAHPC cases and three 1000 Genome controls, we identified 37 nonsynonymous single-nucleotide variants that are considered damaging by at least one predictive scoring tool in our candidate genes. Interesting candidate variants were found in known cancer susceptibility loci BRCA2, MSR1, PCNT, STAT3, WRN and ZFHX3. Future results are pending additional QC and analyses to determine which variants are shared by related individuals within each family compared to those not seen in the controls.
Citation Format: Deyana D. Lewis, Shukmei Wong, Angela S. Baker, Joan E. Bailey-Wilson, John D. Carpten, Cheryl D. Cropp. Deleterious coding variants in African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer Study (AAHPC) families [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C050.
Abstract C066: Epigenetics and inflammatory environment may contribute to racial disparities in colorectal cancer
Authors: Ma Y.M. , Roy S.K. , Srivastava R.K. , Shankar S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality rates dropped by half in the past three decades, but CRC continues to demonstrate racial disparities in incidence and survival. It is believed that unfavorable socioeconomic conditions may lead to an inflammatory phenotype. Furthermore, epigenetic events play a major role in regulating inflammatory genes that have been linked to CRC health disparities. The objective of the study was to identify gene(s) that are dysregulated in CRC using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and, furthermore, to characterize those genetic event(s) that are associated with CRC health disparities. The Engrailed-2 (En2) gene encodes for a homeobox-containing transcription factor regulating embryonic brain development. The data indicate that Nanog, IL-8, and EN2 were upregulated in colorectal cancer. EN2 was highly expressed in CRC stem cells and cell lines but its expression was very low or absent in normal cells. EN2 gene was highly expressed in CRC tissues derived from African American patients compared to those from Caucasian Americans. The expression of EN2 significantly increased with patients' age. There was no difference in EN2 expression between males and females of CRC patients. Higher expression of EN2 was correlated with poor survival of CRC patients with greater IL-8 expression. EN2 may act as a novel prognostic biomarker for CRC. Our data indicate that CRC disparities may be associated with epigenetic factors regulating the inflammatory environment.
Citation Format: Y.M. Ma, S.K. Roy, R.K. Srivastava, S. Shankar. Epigenetics and inflammatory environment may contribute to racial disparities in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C066.
Abstract C070: Social determinants of health disparities in triple-negative breast cancer in Louisiana
Authors: Hossain Fokhrul , Danos Denise , Gilliland Aubrey , Leonardi Claudia , Ferguson Tekeda , Simonsen Neal , Yu Qingzhao , Prakesh Om , Scribner Richard , Miele Lucio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive, heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer. TNBC patients have generally high risk of recurrence and metastasis, and treatment options remain limited, as there are no effective targeted therapies available. In USA, TNBC is diagnosed disproportionately more frequently in African American (AA) women than in European American (EA) women. We set out to investigate the role of social determinants in racial disparities in TNBC.
Methods: TNBC patients diagnosed in Louisiana from 2010-2012 were identified from the Louisiana Tumor Registry. Patients were geocoded to census tract of residence at time of diagnosis. Census tract population and socioeconomic measures were obtained from the US Census American Community Survey. We used multilevel statistical models to analyze the role of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage index (CDI), a robust measure of physical and social environment, in racial disparities in TNBC incidence, stage at diagnosis, and stage-specific survival for the study population. CDI scores were calculated according to the PhenX Toolkit protocol.
Results: We identified 1,216 women with TNBC for the study. Controlling for age, we found that AA women had a 2.21-fold risk of TNBC incidence compared to EA in Louisiana. Results from multivariate analyses indicated that the incidence of TNBC was independent of neighborhood CDI, as was the racial disparity. However, CDI did explain existing racial disparities in both stage at diagnosis and stage-specific survival. The odds of diagnosis at later stages were 42% higher for black women. A single standard deviation increase in CDI increased the hazard of breast cancer-related death by 19%. Overall, our results suggest that the increased incidence of TNBC in black women is independent of CDI, while neighborhood environment has a greater impact than race on the promotion and progression of the disease. The socioeconomic disadvantage experienced by black women coupled with increased biologic risk for TNBC contribute to the large racial disparity in breast cancer mortality in Louisiana. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms through which social determinants affect the promotion and progression of this disease and guide efforts to improve overall survival.
Citation Format: Fokhrul Hossain, Denise Danos, Aubrey Gilliland, Claudia Leonardi, Tekeda Ferguson, Neal Simonsen, Qingzhao Yu, Om Prakesh, Richard Scribner, Lucio Miele. Social determinants of health disparities in triple-negative breast cancer in Louisiana [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C070.
Abstract C108: Race and risk of subsequent aggressive breast cancer in women with ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Liu Ying , Colditz Graham 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a heterogeneous group of preinvasive neoplastic lesions in the breast. Black women with DCIS are more likely than White counterparts to subsequently develop invasive cancer in either breast. We examined the association between race and the risk of developing aggressive invasive breast cancer, characterized with hormone receptor (HR) negativity (both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor negative) or intermediate-to-high risk Oncotype scores (≥18) in HR-positive subtypes, in women with DCIS.
Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data, we identified 133,705 women with DCIS diagnosed between 1990 and 2015, and 12.9% were black. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate relative risks (RRs) of subtypes of subsequent invasive breast cancer in either breast and metastatic breast cancer.
Results: During a median follow-up of 90 months, 6889 women developed invasive breast cancer and 6384 had HR status available. The risks of HR-defined (Pheterogeneity=0.0004) and Oncotype score-defined (Pheterogeneity=0.046) invasive breast cancer subtypes after initial DCIS significantly varied by race. The RR of HR-negative invasive breast cancer was 1.86 (95% CI 1.57-2.20) and the RR of subsequent invasive subtypes with intermediate-to-high Oncotype scores was 1.29 (95% CI 1.00-1.67) in Black women with DCIS, which was independent of age, pathologic features and treatment. In women who had data on HR status in both primary DCIS and subsequent invasive breast cancer, the HR discordant rate was higher in Black patients than in White patients (21.2% versus 18.9%, P=0.003), which was largely driven by HR loss (15.4% versus 9.5%). Black race was more strongly associated with HR loss (RR=1.92, 95% CI 1.41-2.61, Pheterogeneity=0.03) than HR concordance (RR=1.24, 95% CI 1.09-1.41) and HR gain (RR=1.04, 95% CI 0.67-1.62).
Conclusions: Black women with DCIS had higher risks of developing aggressive invasive breast cancer compared with White counterparts, which may contribute to their worse survival. Future studies examining biologic differences in the progression of DCIS for Black patients are warranted.
Citation Format: Ying Liu, Graham Colditz. Race and risk of subsequent aggressive breast cancer in women with ductal carcinoma in situ [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C108.
Abstract C119: [Advocate Abstract] Health equity through meditation interventions
Authors: Nalls W. Erika 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Meditation and mindfulness are current buzz words and there has been evidence-based research for their relevance and efficacy in alleviating distress amongst cancer patients/survivors and their families. My questions are around how to create culturally sensitive mindfulness/meditation/prayer interventions for certain vulnerable populations who lives intersect with the realities of race, class/economic status and rural/urban status that create barriers to well-being on the spectrum of a cancer experience. The barriers that are created are real. How do these (additional component of stress/distress) contribute to distress as defined by NCCN guidelines? What does this distress look like when compounded with these multiple (often simultaneously interacting) realities and how can meditation/mindfulness/prayer address these challenges? As a nontraditional researcher, I am interested in how to create collaborative interventions that center answers in the synergistic spaces of dialogue (call and response) between research communities and local communities and multidirectional dialogue. It requires cooperation, dialogue and a nuanced cognition which centers well-being.
Citation Format: W. Erika Nalls. [Advocate Abstract] Health equity through meditation interventions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C119.
Abstract IA09: Colorectal cancer in Louisiana: Disparities in incidence, mortality, and access to screening
Authors: Karlitz Jordan J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Louisiana has the fourth highest colorectal cancer incidence and third highest mortality rate in the country. Within the state of Louisiana, wide disparities exist with regard to colorectal cancer incidence, mortality, and access to screening tests. In this session, epidemiologic data will be explored in order to better understand these disparities and strategies will be discussed to decrease colorectal cancer rates and maximize access to life-saving screening tests, including colonoscopy and stool-based testing.
Citation Format: Jordan J. Karlitz. Colorectal cancer in Louisiana: Disparities in incidence, mortality, and access to screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA09.
Abstract IA21: Assembling study cohorts for molecular characterization from medically underserved populations: A view from the trenches
Authors: Gardner Kevin L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Gathering relevant high-quality clinical data and biologic material to support cancer health disparities research in underserved populations can be a challenging task. During this session, I will briefly outline approaches that my group employs in collaboration with a small oncology center in rural North Carolina and pathologists at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, to study breast cancer cohorts. The discussion will include: 1) recruiting and engaging pathologists for tissue analysis; 2) using digital pathology and automated scoring platforms to increase throughput, accuracy, and reproducibility; 3) incorporation of real-time telepathology workflows to provide histopathology consultation, classifications, scoring, and validation; 4) dealing with missing data; and 5) recruiting and working with an informatics team for data abstraction from the medical records.
Citation Format: Kevin L. Gardner. Assembling study cohorts for molecular characterization from medically underserved populations: A view from the trenches [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA21.