bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified netting technique for capturing gazelles in Serengeti, Ngorongoro and Loliondo, Tanzania
Authors: Mdetele Daniel , Misinzo Gerald , Komba Erick , Shemanche Justin , Eblate Ernest , Mdaki Maulid , Keyyu Julius , Kock Richard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring serological surveillance of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) disease, it required capture of randomly selected herds of gazelles as part of a study to determine the epidemiological role of these species in the circulation of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). The study targeted capturing 135 Grant's gazelles (Gazella granti) from the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania. A modified netting technique was used aiming at providing safe, efficient and cost‐effective method for capture of gazelles. Locally available materials were used, and wildlife professionals guided the process of manufacturing supporting frame for the nets. Twenty (20) black metal pipes, 20 metal bars, four nets and three vehicles were used in the procedure. A total of 136 Grant's gazelles and nine Thomson's gazelles were captured in three missions. The Grant's gazelles were captured as per sample size calculated in all locations: Loliondo (n = 25), Serengeti National Park (n = 44) and Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) (n = 67) using less time and minimum cost than estimated. Injuries of three fawns (2%) inadvertently captured with the groups of adults and sub‐adult animals were recorded. Comparing with 2014 and other studies, modified netting technique showed high animal and operator safety levels with minimal injuries. With this technique, it was possible to capture even flighty animals that behave nervously because of hunting and other human activities, including Thomson's gazelles, a species previously found to be difficult to capture by netting.
The global burden of illness of peanut allergy: A comprehensive literature review
Authors: Lieberman Jay A. , Gupta Ruchi S , Knibb Rebecca C. , Haselkorn Tmirah , Tilles Stephen , Mack Douglas P. , Pouessel Guillaume 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPeanut allergy (PA) currently affects approximately 2% of the general population of Western nations and may be increasing in prevalence. Patients with PA and their families/caregivers bear a considerable burden of self‐management to avoid accidental peanut exposure and to administer emergency medication (adrenaline) if needed. Compared with other food allergies, PA is associated with higher rates of accidental exposure, severe reactions and potentially fatal anaphylaxis. Approximately 7%–14% of patients with PA experience accidental peanut exposure annually, and one‐third to one‐half may experience anaphylaxis, although fatalities are rare. These risks impose considerably high healthcare utilization and economic costs for patients with PA and restrictions on daily activities. Measures to accommodate patients with PA are often inadequate, with inconsistent standards for food labelling and inadequate safety policies in public establishments such as restaurants and schools. Children with PA are often bullied, resulting in sadness, humiliation and anxiety. These factors cumulatively contribute to significantly reduced health‐related quality of life for patients with PA and families/caregivers. Such factors also provide essential context for risk/benefit assessments of new PA therapies. This narrative review comprehensively assessed the various factors comprising the burden of PA.
Pathogenic Metabolisms: A Rift and the Zika Virus in Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Kaup Brent Z. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Zika virus in Brazil is often portrayed as emerging in and more severely inflicting the country’s impoverished coastal urban areas. However, the virus also impacted residents in wealthier and more rural areas. To understand how the Zika virus moved to seemingly less likely places, I bring political ecological approaches to health and disease into conversation with scholarly accounts of metabolic rifts. Making an incorporated comparison of the ways in which global finance and the Brazilian state shaped the relationship between urban and rural areas, I demonstrate how the era of modernist urban industrialisation resulted in the creation of more traditional spaces of Zika emergence in the country’s urban impoverished areas and the shift towards neoliberal agricultural extractivism resulted in the creation of seemingly more unusual spaces of Zika emergence in the wealthier less populated interior.
The added value of umbilical vein flow in predicting fetal macrosomia at 36 weeks of gestation: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Rizzo Giuseppe , Mappa Ilenia , Bitsadze Victoria , Khizroeva Jamilya , Makatsarya Alexander , D'Antonio Francesco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionCurrent models based on fetal biometry and maternal characteristics have a poor performance in predicting macrosomia. The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the diagnostic performance of fetal venous and arterial Dopplers in predicting macrosomia in the third trimester of pregnancy; the secondary aim was to build a multiparametric prediction model including pregnancy, ultrasound and Doppler characteristics able to predict macrosomia accurately.Material and methodsProspective cohort study including 2156 singleton pregnancies scheduled for routine ultrasound assessment at 36 weeks of gestation. Fetal biometry, estimated fetal weight (EFW), pulsatility index of the uterine, umbilical, and middle cerebral arteries, cerebroplacental ratio and umbilical vein blood flow (UVBF) normalized for fetal abdominal circumference (UVBF/AC) were recorded. Primary outcome was the prediction of fetal macrosomia, defined as a birthweight >90th percentile; secondary outcome was the prediction of newborns >4000 g. Logistic regression and area under the curve (AUC) analyses were used to analyze the data.ResultsFetal macrosomia complicated 9.8% of pregnancies, and 7.7% of newborns had a birthweight >4000 g. At multivariate logistic regression analysis, maternal body mass index (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.23), pregestational diabetes (aOR 1.83), a prior newborn with a birthweight >95th centile (aOR 1.49), EFW (aOR 2.23) and UVBF (aOR1.84) were independently associated with macrosomia, whereas gestational diabetes mellitus (P = .07) or any of the other Doppler parameters were not. EFW had an AUC of 0.750 and of 0.801 alone and in association with maternal characteristics for the prediction of macrosomia, respectively. The addition of UVBF to this model significantly improved the prediction of fetal macrosomia provided by maternal and ultrasound parameters with an AUC of 0.892 (De Long P = .044 and P = .0078, respectively). The predictive performance for birthweight >4000 g was similar and significantly improved when UVBF was included in the diagnostic algorithm.ConclusionsUmbilical vein blood flow evaluation in the third trimester improves the diagnosis of fetal macrosomia. The optimal diagnostic performance for macrosomia is achieved by a multiparametric model including umbilical vein flow, maternal characteristics and EFW.
Why we succeed and fail in detecting fetal growth restriction: A population‐based study
Authors: Andreasen Lisbeth A. , Tabor Ann , Nørgaard Lone Nikoline , Taksøe‐Vester Caroline A. , Krebs Lone , Jørgensen Finn S. , Jepsen Ida E. , Sharif Heidi , Zingenberg Helle , Rosthøj Susanne , Sørensen Anne L. , Tolsgaard Martin Grønnebæk 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to explore the association between detection of fetal growth restriction and maternal‐, healthcare provider‐ and organizational factors.Material and methodsA historical, observational, multicentre study. All women who gave birth to a child with a birthweight <2.3rd centile from 1 September 2012 to 31 August 2015 in Zealand, Denmark, were included. The population was identified through the Danish Fetal Medicine Database. Medical charts were reviewed to obtain data regarding maternal characteristics and information on the healthcare professionals. Date of authorization for the midwives and obstetricians involved was extracted from the Danish Health Authorization Registry. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to identify predictors of antenatal detection of fetal growth restriction, and analyses were adjusted for hospital, body mass index, parity, the presence of at least one risk factor and experience of the first midwife, number of midwife visits, number of visits to a doctor, the experience of the consultant midwife or the educational level of the doctor, the number of scans and gaps in continuity of midwife‐care. Antenatal detection was defined as an ultrasound estimated fetal weight <2.3rd centile (corresponding to −2 standard deviations) prior to delivery.ResultsAmong 78 544 pregnancies, 3069 (3.9%) had a fetal growth restriction. Detection occurred in 31% of fetal growth‐restricted pregnancies. Clinical experience (defined as years since graduation) of the first consultation midwife was positively associated with detection, with a hazard ratio [HR] of 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03‐1.28), for every 10 years of additional experience. The hazard of detection increased with the number of midwife consultations (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05‐1.26) and with multiparity (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.03‐1.58). After adjusting for all covariates, an unexplained difference between hospitals (P = .01) remained.ConclusionsThe low‐risk nullipara may constitute an overlooked group of women at increased risk of antenatal non‐detection of fetal growth restriction. Being screened by experienced midwives during early pregnancy and having access to multiple midwife consultations may improve future diagnosis.
Contesting and envisioning ‘trygghet’: The Sweden Democrats, Social Democrats, and the 2018 Swedish General Election
Authors: Airas Isabel , Truedsson Carl 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn September 2018, international observers were fixated on Sweden as voters went to the polls. With the national populist party, the Sweden Democrats, predicted to gain significant support, commentators sardonically speculated whether this might finally spell the last bastion of social democracy’s fall from grace? Against the backdrop of the 2015 refugee crisis and growing violent crime rates, would Sweden finally succumb to the emotive appeal of populism? In this paper, we argue for an analysis that starts at the national level to fully appreciate the elements that made Swedish populism unique to its socio‐cultural context. We propose that a geopolitics of language fused with ideas from the ‘affective turn’ is uniquely poised to analyse the deeply affective connotations of territorial metaphors and the structures of feelings associated with them. This is done by showing how the 2018 election centred on competing mobilisations of the Swedish concept of trygghet. This affectively loaded concept, denoting a structure of feeling of comforting and holistic safety, finds no equivalent in the Anglophone world. Taking insights from two ethnographic research projects, conducted with the Sweden Democrats and the Social Democrats, we argue that trygghet serves as a rich socio‐cultural heuristic device that conveys the geohistorical specificities underpinning the 2018 Swedish elections. Indeed, we show the links between the Swedish notions of trygghet and the folkhem (people’s home) to help explain the rise of Swedish populism.
Impact of renal function on hydroxyurea exposure in sickle‐cell disease patients
Authors: Pressiat Claire , Rakotoson Marie‐Georgine , Habibi Anoosha , Barau Caroline , Arrouasse Raphaele , Galactéros Frédéric , Stehlé Thomas , Audard Vincent , Hulin Anne , Bartolucci Pablo 
Published: November 2020

AimsThis prospective study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetics (PK) model of hydroxyurea (HU) in patients with sickle cell disease. This model can be used to determine the impact of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) on HU kinetics.MethodsWe included 30 patients. They underwent HU pharmacokinetics analyses of plasma and urine. Six underwent PK analyses in 2 periods with and without angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor. HU was assayed with a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography‐UV method. Noncompartmental PK analysis was conducted and a population PK model built with Monolix. This model was validated externally on another 56 patients. HU PK was simulated as a function of GFR.ResultsThe HU PK model was constructed as a 2‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination. The quality criteria were good, including for external validation. We found that estimated GFR (eGFR) and body weight affected HU PK, with lower eGFR or body weight associated with a higher HU area under the curve. We recommend the monitoring of HU through eGFR and body weight, which together account for 47% of its variability. Urinary HU fractions and renal clearance were higher in the glomerular hyperfiltration group and lower in the moderate chronic kidney disease group, respectively. No differences in nonrenal HU clearance were observed.ConclusionEstimated GFR has an impact on the kinetics of hydroxyurea, and HU dose should be adapted accordingly. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor seems to have minor effect on HU PK in adults with sickle cell disease.
Withdrawal of hospital outpatient treatments in severe diseases due to unacceptable toxicity: A retrospective study from the register of patients and treatments
Authors: Agustí Antònia , Aguilera Cristina , Bosch Montserrat , Danés Immaculada , Pérez Eulàlia , Vendrell Lourdes , Aller Marta B. , Boixareu Núria , García‐Doladé Núria , Diogène Eduard 
Published: November 2020

AimTo retrospectively analyse hospital outpatient treatment (HOT) withdrawal due to unacceptable toxicity at our hospital. Information regarding unacceptable toxicity leading to treatment withdrawal was recorded.MethodsHOT interruptions because of unacceptable toxicity were identified from the Register of Patients and Treatments (RPT) (January 2014 to December 2017). Information regarding the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug treatments was retrieved from electronic health records. Causality and previous knowledge of ADRs were assessed according to the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System algorithm. Information regarding HOT risk management plans (RMPs) and their classification as inverted black triangle medicines was obtained from the European Medicines Agency (EMA).ResultsHOTs were withdrawn due to unacceptable toxicity in 136 (1.5%) registries corresponding to 135 (1.7%) patients. Fifty‐one different HOTs (38.6% of those registered) were involved in 240 ADR/HOT pairs: 24 (47%) were additional monitoring medicines and 37 (72.5%) were EMA RMPs. The most frequent medicines involved in ADRs were lenalidomide (30, 12.5%) (mainly neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and bicytopenia), bevacizumab (19, 7.9%) (mainly venous and pulmonary thromboembolism) and sunitinib (13, 5.4%) (mainly thromboembolic events, diarrhoea and worsening of chronic renal failure). Cytopenia (40, 17.3%), diarrhoea (15, 6.5%), asthenia (9, 3.9%) and neuropathy (6, 2.6%) were the most frequent ADRs. All ADRs were severe, 10 (6 patients) had been poorly described or were unknown and only 9 (5 patients) had been reported by spontaneous notification.ConclusionsValuable information regarding severe and unknown ADRs was obtained from the RPT. Such registers are useful tools to complement spontaneous ADR notifications.
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) in combination with lenalidomide for plasma cell neoplasms
Authors: Oku Maki , Ishino Ryo , Uchida Shumpei , Imataki Osamu , Sugimoto Naoshi , Todo Tomoki , Kadowaki Norimitsu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOncolytic viruses exert an anti‐tumour effect through two mechanisms: direct oncolytic and indirect immune‐mediated mechanisms. Although oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) has been approved for melanoma treatment and is being examined for its applicability to a broad spectrum of malignancies, it is not known whether it has an anti‐myeloma effect. In the present study, we show that the third‐generation oncolytic HSV‐1, T‐01, had a direct oncolytic effect on five of six human myeloma cell lines in vitro. The anti‐tumour effect was enhanced in the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals and, to a lesser extent, from patients with myeloma. The enhancing effect of PBMCs was abrogated by blocking type I interferons (IFNs) or by depleting plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) or natural killer (NK) cells, suggesting that pDC‐derived type I IFNs and NK cells dominated the anti‐tumour effect. Furthermore, the combination of T‐01 and lenalidomide exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity, and the triple combination of T‐01, lenalidomide and IFN‐α had a maximal effect. These data indicate that oncolytic HSV‐1 represents a viable therapy for plasma cell neoplasms through direct oncolysis and immune activation governed by pDCs and NK cells. Lenalidomide is likely to augment the anti‐myeloma effect of HSV‐1.
Clonal tracking of haematopoietic cells: insights and clinical implications
Authors: Cordes Stefan , Wu Chuanfeng , Dunbar Cynthia E. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryRecent advances in high‐throughput genomics have enabled the direct tracking of outputs from many cell types, greatly accelerating the study of developmental processes and tissue regeneration. The capacity for long‐term self‐renewal with multilineage differentiation potential characterises the cellular dynamics of a special set of developmental states that are critical for maintaining homeostasis. In haematopoiesis, the archetypal model for development, lineage‐tracing experiments have elucidated the roles of haematopoietic stem cells to ongoing blood production and the importance of long‐lived immune cells to immunological memory. An understanding of the biology and clonal dynamics of these cellular fates and states can provide clues to the response of haematopoiesis to ageing, the process of malignant transformation, and are key to designing more efficacious and durable clinical gene and cellular therapies.
Improved stenosis outcome in stroke‐free sickle cell anemia children after transplantation compared to chronic transfusion
Authors: Verlhac Suzanne , Gabor Flaviu , Paillard Catherine , Chateil Jean‐François , Jubert Charlotte , Petras Marie , Grevent David , Brousse Valentine , Petit Philippe , Thuret Isabelle , Arnaud Cécile , Kamdem Annie , Pondarré Corinne , Gauthier Alexandra , de Montalembert Mariane , Divialle‐Doumdo Lydia , Elmaleh Monique , Missud Florence , Guitton Corinne , Bernaudin Françoise ,   on behaf of the Drepagreffe Investigators
Published: November 2020

SummaryWe report here the 3‐year stenosis outcome in 60 stroke‐free children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and an abnormal transcranial Doppler history, enrolled in the DREPAGREFFE trial, which compared stem cell transplantation (SCT) with standard‐care (chronic transfusion for 1‐year minimum). Twenty‐eight patients with matched sibling donors were transplanted, while 32 remained on standard‐care. Stenosis scores were calculated after performing cerebral/cervical 3D time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography. Fourteen patients had stenosis at enrollment, but only five SCT versus 10 standard‐care patients still had stenosis at 3 years. Stenosis scores remained stable on standard‐care, but significantly improved after SCT (P = 0·006). No patient developed stenosis after SCT, while two on standard‐care did, indicating better stenosis prevention and improved outcome after SCT.
Longitudinal associations of meaning in life and psychosocial adjustment to the COVID‐19 outbreak in China
Authors: Lin Li 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveLiterature suggests that ‘meaning in life’ may be a mental strength that enables individuals to function healthily and adaptively in the face of stress events. Therefore, this study aims to examine the longitudinal associations between meaning in life and psychosocial adjustment to the COVID‐19 outbreak among Chinese people.MethodsA prospective design was adopted. 154 Chinese college students (Mean age = 20.41 ± 1.45 years) completed two waves of the assessment. Participants reported their meaning in life before the outbreak (Time 1) and their psychosocial adjustment 7 weeks later after the outbreak had occurred (Time 2).ResultsParticipants’ meaning in life at Time 1 was positively related to life satisfaction and negatively related to depression, anxiety, stress, and negative emotions at Time 2. Additionally, levels of meaning in life at Time 1 were positively associated to COVID‐19‐related behavioural engagement – prosocial behaviour and information addiction at Time 2. Individuals’ perceptions of the outbreak and status of self‐quarantine did not moderate these relationships.ConclusionFindings suggest that individuals’ prior level of meaning in life may help them maintain a healthy psychosocial adjustment during disease outbreak, though cautions regarding the possibility to render an addiction to information about the outbreak are warranted.
Radiographic changes in height and volume after lateral GBR procedures with different ratios of deproteinized bovine bone mineral and autogenous bone at different time points. An experimental study
Authors: Aludden Hanna , Mordenfeld Arne , Cederlund Andreas , Dahlin Christer , Spin‐Neto Rubens , Veiss‐Pedersen Pernille , Sritharan Babyasha , Starch‐Jensen Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveEstimate changes in augmentation height and volume after lateral guided bone regeneration (GBR) augmentation with different ratios of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and particulate autogenous bone (PAB) and autogenous bone block (ABB), at different time points.Material and methodsTwenty‐four minipigs were randomly allocated into three healing periods. Lateral augmentation in 96 sites with standardized quantity of graft material was performed with different ratios of DBBM and PAB (50:50, 75:25, and 100:0) and ABB in combination with DBBM, covered by a collagen membrane. Changes in augmentation height and volume were assessed on CT volumes acquired 10, 20, and 30 weeks after surgery.ResultsReduction in bone augmentation height was as follows: 50:50–1.7 mm (−33.1%), 75:25–1.8 mm (−37.8%), 100:0–1.7 mm (−35.8%), and ABB ‐ 0.2 mm (−3.7%), after 30 weeks. The augmentation height was significantly better preserved with ABB compared to 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0, while no significant difference was present among particulate grafts. No significant difference in volumetric reduction was found among 50:50, 75:25, 100:0 and ABB after 30 weeks, while 100:0 presented significant less reduction compared to 50:50, 75:25 and ABB after 10 and 20 weeks.ConclusionsAugmentation height following GBR was better preserved with ABB covered with DBBM. Addition of PAB to DBBM did not affect the changes in height of the graft. The volumetric stability seems to be comparable for ABB covered by DBBM and all particulate grafts after 30 weeks. However, DBBM alone revealed significant less volume reduction in the early healing phase.