bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of carotid atherosclerosis and related risk factors using ultrasonic B-Flow technology in elderly patients
Authors: Gong Hai-Ying , Shi Xiao-Ke , Zhu Heng-Quan , Chen Xian-Zhong , Zhu Jiang , Zhao Bo-Wen 
Published: October 2020

Objective This study was performed to identify the risk factors for carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation using B-Flow ultrasound. Methods In total, 120 patients who underwent bilateral carotid ultrasound examination were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The intima–media thickness was measured, and the risk factors for carotid atheromatous plaque formation were investigated. Results Age, sex, medical history of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes were risk factors for carotid atheromatous plaque formation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the main risk factors for carotid atheromatous plaque formation were male sex, advanced age, a high hemoglobin concentration, a high red cell distribution width, and a high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. Conclusion The risk factors for carotid atheromatous plaque formation were basically the same as those for stroke. Early ultrasound examination of the carotid artery enables the identification of risk factors associated with stroke.
Nonlinear relationship between serum total bilirubin levels and initial ischemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Jie , Zeng Wen-zhen , Lyu Qing-shan 
Published: October 2020

Objective This study aimed to examine the relationship between total bilirubin levels and initial ischemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Methods This was a retrospective study. Atrial fibrillation was diagnosed by 24-hour Holter electrocardiography and serum total bilirubin levels were divided into quintiles. Ischemic stroke was diagnosed by symptoms, signs, and a medical image examination. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model and survival analysis were used to estimate the association of total bilirubin with initial ischemic stroke. Results We studied 316 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. During follow-up, there were 42 (13.29%) first ischemic strokes. After multivariate adjustment, for each 1 µmol/L increase in total bilirubin, the risk of first ischemic stroke increased by 4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.07). When using the first quintile as the reference, from the second to fifth quintiles, the risks of first ischemic stroke were 0.52 (95% CI: 0.17, 1.65), 0.23 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.87), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.32, 2.67), and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.09, 4.41), respectively. The optimal cut-off point of total bilirubin for the lowest risk of ischemic stroke was 17.0 µmol/L. Conclusions Total bilirubin levels are nonlinearly associated with initial ischemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
Factors associated with non-adherence to insulin and non-insulin medications in patients with poorly controlled diabetes
Authors: Sagalla Nicole , Yancy William S , Edelman David , Jeffreys Amy S , Coffman Cynthia J , Voils Corrine I , Alexopoulos Anastasia-Stefania , Maciejewski Matthew L , Dar Moahad , Crowley Matthew J 
Published: October 2020

Objectives To evaluate differences in factors associated with self-reported medication non-adherence to insulin and non-insulin medications in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. Methods In this secondary analysis of a randomized trial in patients with obesity and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between several clinical factors (measured with survey questionnaires at study baseline) and self-reported non-adherence to insulin and non-insulin medications. Results Among 263 patients, reported non-adherence was 62% (52% for insulin, 55% for non-insulin medications). Reported non-adherence to non-insulin medications was less likely in white versus non-white patients (odds ratio (OR) = 0.42; 95%CI: 0.22,0.80) and with each additional medication taken (OR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.61,0.93). Non-adherence to non-insulin medications was more likely with each point increase in a measure of diabetes medication intensity (OR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.01,2.03), the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) score (OR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.02,1.12), and in men versus women (OR = 3.03; 95%CI: 1.06,8.65). For insulin, reporting non-adherence was more likely (OR = 1.02; 95%CI: 1.00,1.04) with each point increase in the PAID. Discussion Despite similar overall rates of reported non-adherence to insulin and non-insulin medications, factors associated with reported non-adherence to each medication type differed. These findings may help tailor approaches to supporting adherence in patients using different types of diabetes medications.
The geochemistry of gold assayers’ ingots from the SS Central America shipwreck: a geoarchaeological window into mid-1800s California assaying
Authors: Melchiorre Erik B. , Evans Robert D. , VonSydow Kathryn , Seymour Bryan H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe assayers’ ingots recovered in 2014 from the SS Central America contain geochemical signatures and anomalies which convey information about the culture of miners and assayers in the late 1850s. A significant number of ingots (21%) contain elevated copper and zinc in the same ratio as a common brass alloy of the period, suggesting that adulteration of placer gold dust was a common issue. The ingots with the brass-like signature also have a gold fineness much lower than measured for typical California placer gold. Trace elements like palladium in uniform concentrations in all Kellogg & Humbert ingots suggest the use of quality high-temperature tools, while lead and tin in all ingots suggest specific contamination and industrial hygiene issues common to the whole industry. Other trace constituents such as arsenic, antimony and bismuth are likely to have originated from dense minerals associated with placer gold, or from the natural placer gold alloy itself. Comparison of modern analysis of ingots vs. assay values stamped on the ingots themselves suggests some firms like Kellogg & Humbert did superior assay work, while others like the San Francisco office of Justh & Hunter probably had issues with quality control. The variations in assay ingot alloy chemistry provide a window into this important period in American history.
Primary thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory cancer patients with a high Khorana score: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bosch Floris T. M. , Mulder Frits I. , Kamphuisen Pieter Willem , Middeldorp Saskia , Bossuyt Patrick M. , Büller Harry R. , van Es Nick 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Guidelines suggest thromboprophylaxis for ambulatory cancer patients starting chemotherapy with an intermediate to high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) according to Khorana score. Data on thromboprophylaxis efficacy in different Khorana score risk groups remain ambiguous. We sought to evaluate thromboprophylaxis in patients with an intermediate- to high-risk (≥2 points) Khorana score and an intermediate-risk score (2 points) or high-risk score (≥3 points) separately. MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing thromboprophylaxis with placebo or standard care in ambulatory cancer patients. Outcomes were VTE, major bleeding, and all-cause mortality. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated in a profile-likelihood random-effects model. Six RCTs were identified, involving 4626 cancer patients. Thromboprophylaxis with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) significantly reduced VTE risk in intermediate- to high-risk (RR, 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-0.67), intermediate-risk (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.83), and high-risk patients (RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.28-0.67); the numbers needed to treat (NNTs) were 25 (intermediate to high risk), 34 (intermediate risk), and 17 (high risk), respectively. There was no significant difference in major bleeding (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.69-1.67) or all-cause mortality (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-1.01). The numbers needed to harm (NNHs) for major bleeding in intermediate- to high-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk patients were 1000, −500, and 334, respectively. The overall NNH was lower in DOAC studies (100) versus LMWH studies (−500). These findings indicate thromboprophylaxis effectively reduces the risk of VTE in patients with an intermediate- to high-risk Khorana score, although the NNT is twice as high for intermediate-risk patients compared with high-risk patients.
The role of the antigorite + brucite to olivine reaction in subducted serpentinites (Zermatt, Switzerland)
Authors: Kempf Elias D. , Hermann Jörg , Reusser Eric , Baumgartner Lukas P. , Lanari Pierre 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetamorphic olivine formed by the reaction of antigorite + brucite is widespread in serpentinites that crop out in glacier-polished outcrops at the Unterer Theodulglacier, Zermatt. Olivine overgrows a relic magnetite mesh texture formed during ocean floor serpentinization. Serpentinization is associated with rodingitisation of mafic dykes. Metamorphic olivine coexists with magnetite, shows high Mg# of 94–97 and low trace element contents. A notable exception is 4 µg/g Boron (> 10 times primitive mantle), introduced during seafloor alteration and retained in metamorphic olivine. Olivine incorporated 100–140 µg/g H2O in Si-vacancies, providing evidence for low SiO2-activity imposed by brucite during olivine growth. No signs for hydrogen loss or major and minor element diffusional equilibration are observed. The occurrence of olivine in patches within the serpentinite mimics the former heterogeneous distribution of brucite, whereas the network of olivine-bearing veins and shear zones document the pathways of the escaping fluid produced by the olivine forming reaction. Relic Cr-spinels have a high Cr# of 0.5 and the serpentinites display little or no clinopyroxene, indicating that they derive from hydrated harzburgitic mantle that underwent significant melt depletion. The enrichment of Mg and depletion of Si results in the formation of brucite during seafloor alteration, a pre-requisite for later subduction-related olivine formation and fluid liberation. The comparison of calculated bulk rock brucite contents in the Zermatt-Saas with average IODP serpentinites suggests a large variation in fluid release during olivine formation. Between 3.4 and 7.2 wt% H2O is released depending on the magnetite content in fully serpentinized harzburgites (average oceanic serpentinites). Thermodynamic modelling indicates that the fluid release in Zermatt occurred between 480 °C and 550 °C at 2–2.5 GPa with the Mg# of olivine varying from 68 to 95. However, the majority of the fluid released from this reaction was produced within a narrow temperature field of < 30 °C, at higher pressures 2.5 GPa and temperatures 550–600 °C than commonly thought. Fluids derived from the antigorite + brucite reaction might thus trigger eclogite facies equilibration in associated metabasalts, meta-gabbros, meta-rodingites and meta-sediments in the area. This focused fluid release has the potential to trigger intermediate depths earthquakes at 60–80 km in subducted oceanic lithosphere.
Literature based discovery of alternative TCM medicine for adverse reactions to depression drugs
Authors: Xie Qing , Yang Kyoung Min , Heo Go Eun , Song Min 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
In recent years, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and alternative medicine have been widely used along with western drugs as a complementary form of treatment. In this study, we first use the scientific literature to identify western drugs with obvious side effects. Then, we find TCM alternatives for these western drugs to ameliorate their side effects.

Results
We used depression as a case study. To evaluate our method, we showed the relation between herb-ingredients-target-disease for representative alternative herbs of western drugs. Further, a protein-protein interaction network of western drugs and alternative herbs was produced, and we performed enrichment analysis of the targets of the active ingredients of the herbs and examined the enrichment of Gene Ontology terms for Biological Process, Cellular Component, and Molecular Function and KEGG Pathway levels, to show how these targets affect different levels of gene expression.

Conclusion
Our proposed method is able to select herbs that are highly relevant to the target indication (depression) and are able to treat the side effects caused by the target drug. The compounds from our selected alternative herbal medicines can therefore be complementary to the western drugs and ameliorate their side effects, which may help in the development of new drugs.
A collaborative cloud-edge computing framework in distributed neural network
Authors: Xu Shihao , Zhang Zhenjiang , Kadoch Michel , Cheriet Mohamed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe emergence of edge computing provides a new solution to big data processing in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment. By combining edge computing with deep neural network, it can make better use of the advantages of multi-layer architecture of the network. However, the current task offloading and scheduling frameworks for edge computing are not well applicable to neural network training tasks. In this paper, we propose a task model offloading algorithm by considering how to optimally deploy neural network model into the edge nodes. An adaptive task scheduling algorithm is also designed to adaptively optimize the task assignment by using the improved ant colony algorithm. Based on them, a collaborative cloud-edge computing framework is proposed, which can be used in the distributed neural network. Moreover, this framework sets up some mechanisms so that the cloud can collaborate with edge computing in the work. The simulation results show that the framework can reduce time delay and energy consumption, and improve task accuracy.
Antibiotic appropriateness and adherence to local guidelines in perioperative prophylaxis: results from an antimicrobial stewardship intervention
Authors: Segala Francesco Vladimiro , Murri Rita , Taddei Eleonora , Giovannenze Francesca , Del Vecchio Pierluigi , Birocchi Emanuela , Taccari Francesco , Cauda Roberto , Fantoni Massimo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) represents a major indication of antibiotic consumption worldwide. The present study aims to report the results of an enabling, long-term AMS intervention conducted between 2013 and 2019 on an Italian University Hospital performing more than 40.000 surgical interventions per year.

Methods
SAP inappropriateness was defined according to the ASHP guidelines and divided in four main categories: indication, selection and dosing, duration, timing. Between 2013 and 2019, we conducted a continuative AMS intervention over 14 surgical departments that included enablement, review of selected clinical records and feedback.

Results
We collected a total of 789 SAP prescribed to 735 patients (mean age 56.7 ± 17.8y). Overall, guideline adherence improved from 36.6% (n = 149) at baseline to 57.9% (n = 221) post-intervention (P <  0.0001). A significant improvement (P <  0.001) was also detected for each category: indication (from 58.5 to 93.2%), selection and dosing (from 58.5 to 80.6%), timing (from 92.4 to 97.6%), duration (from 71 to 80.1%).

Conclusions
Though results cannot be generalized to all hospital populations, enabling AMS interventions may be effective in establishing a sustained improvement in SAP appropriateness rates. Once identified the main causes of SAP inappropriateness, tailored AMS interventions for each department may be beneficial. Further studies are needed to evaluate specific outcomes as incidence of surgical site infections and antimicrobial resistance.
Complementary feeding patterns of Filipino infants and toddlers lack diversity, especially among children from poor households
Authors: Jacquier Emma F. , Angeles-Agdeppa Imelda , Lenighan Yvonne M. , Toledo Marvin B. , Capanzana Mario V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Consumption of nutritionally adequate complementary foods is essential for optimal growth and development of infants and toddlers, including those in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe the food and beverage consumption patterns among 6–23.9 month old Filipino infants and toddlers, by household wealth.

Methods
Data from 1087 infants and toddlers from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake data was assessed using a 24Hr recall and population food intakes were stratified into pre-defined wealth categories.

Results
Breast milk, infant formula, powdered milk and rice were the most commonly consumed foods and beverages across the age groups. Several differences in complementary feeding by wealth status were observed. Infants from poor households (69%) reported significantly greater consumption of human milk, than those from rich households (42%) who reported a significantly greater consumption of infant/toddler formula (Poor: 22%, Rich: 56%) (P < 0.05). A higher percentage of toddlers from rich households consumed protein-containing foods, cookies and cakes. There was a significant difference in vegetable consumption in 12–17.9 month old children (Poor: 17%, Rich: 31%; P = 0.021). Human milk and formula were the top contributors to energy in 6–17.9 month old children, while rice was the top energy contributor in 18–23.9 month old children.

Conclusion
Milk and rice were the main dietary components in all Filipino children, contributing up to 60% of energy in the infants from poorer households. Consumption of protein-containing foods and vegetables were typically lower in poorer households. Interventions are required to enable caregivers of young Filipino children to provide complementary foods of high nutritional quality, particularly among children from the poor households.
Cotton N rate could be reduced further under the planting model of late sowing and high-density in the Yangtze River valley
Authors: SONG Xinghu , HUANG Ying , YUAN Yuan , SHAHBAZ Atta Tung , BIANGKHAM Souliyanonh , YANG Guozheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
An optimal N rate is one of the basic determinants for high cotton yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal N rate on a new cotton cropping pattern with late-sowing, high density and one-time fertilization at the first flower period in Yangtze River Valley, China. A 2-year experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 with a randomized complete block design. The cotton growth process, yield, and biomass accumulation were examined.

Results
The results showed that N rates had no effect on cotton growing progress or periods. Cotton yield was increased with N rates increasing from 120 to 180 kg·hm−2, while the yield was not increased when the N rate was beyond 180 kg·hm−2, or even decreased (9∼29%). Cotton had the highest biomass at the N rate of 180 kg·hm−2 is due to its highest accumulation speed during the fast accumulation period.

Conclusions
The result suggests that the N rate for cotton could be reduced further to be 180 kg·hm− 2 under the new cropping pattern in the Yangtze River Valley, China.
COVID-19-related anxiety disorder in Iraq during the pandemic: an online cross-sectional study
Authors: Karim Saad Kazim , Taha Perjan Hashim , Amin Nazar Mohammad Mohammad , Ahmed Habeeb Shuhaib , Yousif Miami Kadhim , Hallumy Ammar Mohmmed 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 outbreak is an unprecedented global public health burden, which popped up in China in late 2019 to early 2020 and distributed worldwide rapidly. Indeed, this pandemic transmission has raised global physical and mental health concerns. Mental health issues that concur with this public health emergency may pose anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. In Iraq, there are no registered known data on the psychological consequence of the public during the communicable disease outbreak. The ongoing study aims to address the paucity of these data as an appraisal of the mental health burden represented by anxiety disorder related to the global COVID-19 era.

Results
Among the 1591 Iraqi respondents, 788 (49.5%) accounted for having health anxiety over the current home restriction situation. Younger ages experienced more COVID-19-related health anxiety compared to older ages. Females reported higher health anxiety compared to males (57.7% vs 42.3%). The health care professionals reported 20.9% health anxiety. The Iraqi southern population displayed more health anxiety compared to the northern and middle portions. This work showed about half of the respondents were spending over 60 min focusing on news of COVID-19. We found that 80 to 90% carrying out preventive efforts and home quarantine against COVID-19 infection. Interestingly, participants experienced fear from the risk of COVID-19 infection, whether more or equal to a level of war scare, in 70.1% of the sample.

Conclusions
In Iraq, during the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly half of the respondents have health anxiety. Southern Iraqi cities displayed higher rates of anxiety. Also, being female, younger ages, holding an academic degree, or being a college student are associated with more prominent degrees of anxiety. Furtherly, it is important to adopt strategies for public health education and prevention and alerting future governmental responses focusing on psychological state impact among the general population.
Integrated characterization and failure mechanism for a mid-Pleistocene mass transport complex-dominant interval in the Mars Ursa Basin, northern Gulf of Mexico, USA
Authors: Gutierrez Mario Andres , Snedden John W. 
Published: October 2020

The economic and operational risks associated with mass transport complexes (MTCs) in deepwater hydrocarbon exploration act as a principal motivation to investigate their depositional elements using industry data. There is a lack of extensive seismic and well data coverage that limits the understanding of the processes associated with the evolution of MTCs within deepwater sedimentary basins. This study leverages a unique integrated data set to evaluate the depositional character and potential failure mechanisms of seven identified MTCs preserved in a synkinematic mid-Pleistocene MTC-dominant interval that spans the hydrocarbon-bearing Mars Ursa Basin in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Through seismic interpretation and attribute extraction methods using a 3D prestack depthmigrated seismic survey, we have determined the kinematic indicators and preserved the morphodomain geometries of the identified MTCs. The MTC-dominant interval covers an area of 631 km2, a volume of 392 km3, and a maximum thickness of 549 m in minibasin centers. The interval is penetrated by 15 boreholes that provide stratigraphic and lithologic calibration of the morphometric analyses. The lithologic composition of the MTC-rich interval is claystone/mudstone-dominant with a few interbedded, thin sandstones. The identified kinematic indicators and geometric extent of the identified MTCs are a function of the local salt tectonics extrabasinal controls. The stratigraphic framework presented in this study constrains the timing of failures to a period of high sediment deposition related to a major increase of glacial input into the Quaternary Mississippi Fan. This study offers borehole-calibrated MTC morphometrics preserved in an MTC-dominant interval whose failure is triggered by local salt inflation, but ultimately it is a consequence of loading following increased sediment supply into the basin. The results from this robust data set build upon past integrated seismic-well studies that strive to improve the understanding of MTC processes and their implications in hydrocarbon exploration across salt sedimentary basins.