bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal analysis of surgical outcome in subjects with pulsatile tinnitus originating from the sigmoid sinus
Authors: Lee Sang-Yeon , Kim Min-Kyung , Bae Yun Jung , An Gwang Seok , Lee Kyogu , Choi Byung Yoon , Koo Ja-Won , Song Jae-Jin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA dominant sigmoid sinus with either diverticulum or dehiscence (SS-Div/SS-Deh) is a common cause of pulsatile tinnitus (PT). For PT originating from SS-Div/SS-Deh, an etiology-specific and secure reconstruction using firm materials is vital for optimal outcomes. As a follow-up to our previous reports on transmastoid SS resurfacing or reshaping for SS-Div/SS-Deh, this study aimed to evaluate the long-term results of transmastoid resurfacing/reshaping. We retrospectively reviewed 20 PT patients who were diagnosed with SS-Div/SS-Deh, underwent transmastoid resurfacing/reshaping, and were followed up for more than 1 year postoperatively. For PT, immediate and long-term changes (> 1 year) in loudness and annoyance were analyzed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Additionally, pre and postoperative objective measurements of PT using transcanal sound recording and spectro-temporal analysis (TSR-STA), imaging results, and audiological findings were comprehensively analyzed. Significant improvements in PT were sustained or enhanced for > 1 year (median follow-up period: 37 months, range: 12–54 months). On TSR-STA, both peak and root mean square amplitudes decreased after surgery. Also, the average pure-tone threshold at 250 Hz improved after surgery. Thus, our long-term follow-up data confirmed that the surgical management of PT originating from SS-Div/SS-Deh is successful with regard to both objective and subjective measures.
Lung gene expression signatures suggest pathogenic links and molecular markers for pulmonary tuberculosis, adenocarcinoma and sarcoidosis
Authors: Chai Qiyao , Lu Zhe , Liu Zhidong , Zhong Yanzhao , Zhang Fuzhen , Qiu Changgen , Li Bingxi , Wang Jing , Zhang Lingqiang , Pang Yu , Liu Cui Hua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevious reports have suggested a link between pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and sarcoidosis. Furthermore, these lung diseases share certain clinical similarities that can challenge differential diagnosis in some cases. Here, through comparison of lung transcriptome-derived molecular signatures of TB, LUAD and sarcoidosis patients, we identify certain shared disease-related expression patterns. We also demonstrate that MKI67, an over-expressed gene shared by TB and LUAD, is a key mediator in Mtb-promoted tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, we reveal a distinct ossification-related TB lung signature, which may be associated with the activation of the BMP/SMAD/RUNX2 pathway in Mtb-infected macrophages that can restrain mycobacterial survival and promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Taken together, these findings provide novel pathogenic links and potential molecular markers for better understanding and differential diagnosis of pulmonary TB, LUAD and sarcoidosis.
Structural determinants of dynamic fluctuations between segregation and integration on the human connectome
Authors: Fukushima Makoto , Sporns Olaf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile segregation and integration of neural information in the neocortex are thought to be important for human behavior and cognition, the neural substrates enabling their dynamic fluctuations remain elusive. To tackle this problem, we aim to identify specific network features of the connectome that are responsible for the emergence of dynamic fluctuations between segregated and integrated patterns in human resting-state functional connectivity. Here we examine the contributions of network features to dynamic fluctuations by constructing rewired surrogate connectome in which network features of interest are selectively preserved, and then by assessing the magnitude of fluctuations simulated with these surrogates. Our analysis demonstrates significant contributions from global geometry and topology of the connectome, as well as from localized structural connections involving visual areas. By providing structural accounts of dynamic fluctuations in functional connectivity, this study offers new insights into generative mechanisms driving temporal changes in segregation and integration in the brain.
UvrD helicase–RNA polymerase interactions are governed by UvrD’s carboxy-terminal Tudor domain
Authors: Kawale Ashish A. , Burmann Björn M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAll living organisms have to cope with the constant threat of genome damage by UV light and other toxic reagents. To maintain the integrity of their genomes, organisms developed a variety of DNA repair pathways. One of these, the Transcription Coupled DNA-Repair (TCR) pathway, is triggered by stalled RNA Polymerase (RNAP) complexes at DNA damage sites on actively transcribed genes. A recently elucidated bacterial TCR pathway employs the UvrD helicase pulling back stalled RNAP complexes from the damage, stimulating recruitment of the DNA-repair machinery. However, structural and functional aspects of UvrD’s interaction with RNA Polymerase remain elusive. Here we used advanced solution NMR spectroscopy to investigate UvrD’s role within the TCR, identifying that the carboxy-terminal region of the UvrD helicase facilitates RNAP interactions by adopting a Tudor-domain like fold. Subsequently, we functionally analyzed this domain, identifying it as a crucial component for the UvrD–RNAP interaction besides having nucleic-acid affinity.
PRL-2 phosphatase is required for vascular morphogenesis and angiogenic signaling
Authors: Poulet Mathilde , Sirois Jacinthe , Boyé Kevin , Uetani Noriko , Hardy Serge , Daubon Thomas , Dubrac Alexandre , Tremblay Michel L. , Bikfalvi Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProtein tyrosine phosphatases are essential modulators of angiogenesis and have been identified as novel therapeutic targets in cancer and anti-angiogenesis. The roles of atypical Phosphatase of Regenerative Liver (PRL) phosphatases in this context remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the biological function of PRL phosphatases in developmental angiogenesis in the postnatal mouse retina and in cell culture. We show that endothelial cells in the retina express PRL-2 encoded by thePtp4a2gene, and that inducible endothelial and globalPtp4a2mutant mice exhibit defective retinal vascular outgrowth, arteriovenous differentiation, and sprouting angiogenesis. Mechanistically,PTP4A2deletion limits angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial cell migration and the VEGF-A, DLL-4/NOTCH-1 signaling pathway. This study reveals the importance of PRL-2 as a modulator of vascular development.
Exogenous L-arginine increases intestinal stem cell function through CD90+ stromal cells producing mTORC1-induced Wnt2b
Authors: Hou Qihang , Dong Yuanyang , Huang Jingxi , Liao Chaoyong , Lei Jiaqi , Wang Youli , Lai Yujiao , Bian Yifei , He Yang , Sun Jingjing , Sun Meng , Jiang Qiuyu , Wang Bo , Yu Zhengquan , Guo Yuming , Zhang Bingkun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe renewal and repair of intestinal epithelium depend on the self-renewal of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) under physiological and pathological conditions. Although previous work has established that exogenous nutrients regulate adult stem cell activity, little is known about the regulatory effect of L-arginine on ISCs. In this study we utilize mice and small intestinal (SI) organoid models to clarify the role of L-arginine on epithelial differentiation of ISCs. We show that L-arginine increases expansion of ISCs in mice. Furthermore, CD90+ intestinal stromal cells augment stem-cell function in response to L-arginine in co-culture experiments. Mechanistically, we find that L-arginine stimulates Wnt2b secretion by CD90+ stromal cells through the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and that blocking Wnt2b production prevents L-arginine-induced ISC expansion. Finally, we show that L-arginine treatment protects the gut in response to injury. Our findings highlight an important role for CD90+ stromal cells in L-arginine-stimulated ISC expansion.
Master equation theory applied to the redistribution of polarized radiation in the weak radiation field limit
Authors: Bommier Véronique 
Published: October 2020

Context. This paper presents a numerical application of a self-consistent theory of partial redistribution in nonlocal thermodynamical equilibrium conditions, developed in previous papers of the series.
Aims. The code was described in IV of this series. However, in that previous paper, the numerical results were unrealistic. The present paper presents an approximation able to restore the reliability of the outgoing polarization profiles.
Methods. The convergence of the results is also proved. It is demonstrated that the step increment decreases like 1/Nα, with α >  1.
Results. Thanks to these additions, the results series behaves like a Riemann series, which is absolutely convergent. However, convergence is not fully reached in line wings within the allocated computing time. Development of efficient acceleration methods would be desirable for future work.
Conclusions. Agreement between the computed and observed linear polarization profiles remains qualitative only. The discrepancy is assigned to the plane parallel atmosphere model, which is insufficient to describe the chromosphere, where these lines are formed. As all the integrals are numerical in the code, it could probably be adapted to more realistic and higher dimensional model atmospheres. However, this is time consuming for lines with a hyperfine structure, as in the Na I D lines. The net linear polarization observed in Na I D1 with the Zürich Imaging Polarimeter ZIMPOL mounted on the McMath-Pierce telescope at Kitt Peak is not confirmed by the present calculations and could be an artefact of instrumental polarization. The presence of instrumental polarization could be confirmed by the higher linear polarization degree observed by this instrument in the Na I D2 line center with respect to the present calculation result where the magnetic field is not accounted for. At this precise point, the Hanle effect acts as a depolarizing effect in the second solar spectrum. The observed linear polarization excess is found to be of the same order of magnitude in both line centers, namely 0.1%, which is also comparable to the instrumental polarization compensation level of this experiment.
§132i-Verträge: Aktueller Stand (Stellungnahme: PD Dr. Koscielny). Aktuelle Kritik zu Bestrebungen der Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen (Stellungnahme: PD Dr. Sucker)
Authors: Koscielny Jürgen , Sucker Christoph , Kappert Günther 
Published: October 2020

§132i-Verträge: Aktueller Stand. Stellungnahme von Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Jürgen Koscielny, Ärztlicher Verhandlungsführers der §132i SGB V Verträge, Vorsitzender des BDDH
Hintergrund und Auftrag Mit dem
GSAV
(Gesetz für mehr Sicherheit in der Arzneimittelversorgung) sollen eine bessere Zusammenarbeit von Bundes- und Länderbehörden sowie eine stärkere Kontrolle von Arzneimittelherstellern und Apotheken erreicht werden. Der Bund soll erweiterte Befugnisse zur Verbesserung der Arzneimittelsicherheit erhalten. Informationen über die Hersteller der Wirkstoffe in Arzneimitteln werden in Zukunft öffentlich zur Verfügung gestellt. Um Lieferengpässen bei Medikamenten entgegen zu wirken, werden Krankenkassen verpflichtet, bei Rabattverträgen künftig die Vielfalt der Anbieter zu berücksichtigen. Schließlich enthält das Gesetz einen Fahrplan zur schrittweisen Einführung des elektronischen Rezepts. Für Arzneimittel zur Versorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten mit hämophilen Gerinnungsstörungen, wird die bisherige Ausnahme vom Apothekenvertriebsweg (Direktvertrieb des Herstellers mit Ärzten und Krankenhäusern) zurückgenommen. Die Neuregelungen zum Vertriebsweg sowie die entsprechende Anpassung der Arzneimittelpreisverordnung und des Apothekengesetzes treten erst am 01.09.2020 in Kraft, auch infolge des vom BDDH initiierten und konzertierten Appells an den Bundesgesundheitsminister und die Gesundheitsbehörden der Bundesländer vom 24.03.2020 zur Verschiebung der Umsetzung des Vertriebsweges von Gerinnungsfaktorenzubereitungen.
Therapiezieländerung in der Kardiologie am Beispiel der Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Heppner Hans Jürgen , Lente Alina , Hag Haitham 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie demografische Entwicklung sowie der Anstieg chronischer Erkrankungen und der Fortschritt in der Medizin bewirken, dass der Anteil alter und hochbetagter Patienten in den Krankenhäusern aller Versorgungsstufen stetig ansteigt. Viele kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen münden letztendlich in eine Herzinsuffizienz. Die Herzinsuffizienz zählt zu den häufigsten Ursachen für Krankenhauseinweisungen. Mit etwa 35 000 Sterbefällen im Jahr blieb die Krankenhaussterblichkeit der Herzinsuffizienzpatienten unverändert hoch. Wenn hierbei das Therapieziel nicht mehr klar zu formulieren ist oder der Patientenwunsch der medizinischen Indikation entgegensteht, muss eine Therapiezieländerung hin zur Palliation besprochen und umgesetzt werden. Ziele der Palliativversorgung bei Herzinsuffizienz sind die Symptomlinderung und die Verbesserung der Kommunikation. Entscheidend ist die frühzeitige, individuelle und zielgerichtete Vorsorgeplanung, einschließlich Patientenaufklärung. So lassen sich bei
einer Therapiezieländerung im Rahmen der Palliativversorgung Lebensqualität und Zufriedenheit sowohl vom Patienten als auch der Angehörigen verbessern. Palliative Konzepte müssen integraler Bestandteil in der interdisziplinären Versorgung von Kardiologie, Geriatrie und Palliativmedizin sein.
High Prevalence of Adrenal Remnant Tissue in Patients Undergoing
Bilateral Adrenalectomy for Cushing’s Disease
Authors: Wilson Julian B. , Zopey Mohan , Augustine Jaimie , Schaffer Randolph , Chiang Manfred , Friedman Theodore C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBilateral adrenalectomy (BLA) is a treatment option for patients with
Cushing’s Disease (CD) if transsphenoidal pituitary surgery fails or
is not a therapeutic option. For most patients, BLA eliminates endogenous
glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid production, but for a small number of
patients, endogenous secretion of adrenal hormones from adrenal tissue
continues or recurs, leading to signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism. If
adrenal tissue is confined to the adrenal bed, it is considered adrenal
remnant tissue, while if it is outside the adrenal bed, it is
considered adrenal rest tissue. We retrospectively evaluated morning
serum cortisol, nighttime serum cortisol, nighttime salivary cortisol, and
24-h urine free cortisol on at least three occasions in 10 patients
suspected of having endogenous cortisol production. Imaging of adrenal
remnant tissue was also reviewed. Ten of 51 patients who underwent BLA
during this time period had adrenal remnant/rest tissue marked by
detectable endogenous glucocorticoid production; 9 of the 10 patients had
signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism. Localization and treatment proved
difficult. We conclude that the incidence of adrenal remnant/rest
tissue in those undergoing BLA following unsuccessful pituitary surgery was
12% although there may have been a selection bias affecting this
prevalence. The first indication of remnant tissue occurrence is a reduction
in glucocorticoid replacement with symptoms of hypercortisolism. If this
occurs, endogenous cortisol production should be tested for by cortisol
measurements using a highly specific cortisol assay while the patient is
taking dexamethasone or no glucocorticoid replacement. Endocrinologists need
to monitor the development of both adrenal remnant tissue and
Nelson’s syndrome following BLA.
The Application of 4Å Molecular Sieves in Organic Chemical Syntheses: An Overview
Authors: Hell Zoltán , Magyar Ágnes , Juhász Kinga 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the last two decades, considerable attention has been devoted to the use of 4Å molecular sieves (MS 4A) in organic chemical syntheses. Initially, they were applied as drying agents in order to dry gases, solvents and liquid reagents. Nowadays, there is a growing tendency to apply MS 4A as an additive, catalyst, co-catalyst or catalyst support in organic reactions. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent examples of organic syntheses promoted by MS 4A from 1997 to 2020. We hope to provide the reader with an overview of the potential of MS 4A in the field of organic synthesis.1 Introduction2 Application as an Additive3 Application as Catalyst4 Application as Co-catalyst5 Application as Support6 Conclusion
High-amplitude cofluctuations in cortical activity drive functional connectivity
Authors: Zamani Esfahlani Farnaz , Jo Youngheun , Faskowitz Joshua , Byrge Lisa , Kennedy Daniel P. , Sporns Olaf , Betzel Richard F. 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceDespite widespread applications, the origins of functional connectivity remain elusive. Here we analyze human functional neuroimaging data. We decompose resting-state functional connectivity across time to assess the contributions of moment-to-moment activity cofluctuations to the overall connectivity pattern. We show that functional connectivity is driven by a small number of high-amplitude frames. We show that these frames are underpinned by a specific mode of brain activity; that the topography of this mode gets modulated during in-scanner tasks; and that high-amplitude frames encode personalized, subject-specific information. In summary, our parameter-free method provides an exact mathematical link between functional connectivity and frame-wise cofluctuations, creating opportunities for studying both static and time-varying functional brain networks.
Laser spectroscopic technique for direct identification of a single virus I: FASTER CARS
Authors: Deckert Volker , Deckert-Gaudig Tanja , Cialla-May Dana , Popp Jürgen , Zell Roland , Deinhard-Emmer Stefanie , Sokolov Alexei V. , Yi Zhenhuan , Scully Marlan O. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Surface features of a virus are very important in determining its virility. For example, the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to the ACE2 receptor site of the host cell with a much stronger affinity than did the original SARS virus. Thus, it is clearly important to understand the virion surface structure. To that end, the present paper combines the spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy and the spectral resolution of coherent Raman spectroscopy. This combination of tip-enhanced microscopy using femtosecond adaptive spectroscopic techniques for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FAST CARS) with enhanced resolution (FASTER CARS) allows us to map a single virus particle with nanometer resolution and chemical specificity.
Tuning the quantumness of simple Bose systems: A universal phase diagram
Authors: Kora Youssef , Boninsegni Massimo , Son Dam Thanh , Zhang Shiwei 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Predicting the properties of a quantum-mechanical system of many interacting particles is a major goal of modern science and an outstanding challenge. We consider a compact and versatile model which captures the essential features of a broad class of systems made of particles obeying Bose–Einstein statistics and which allows one to systematically dial up the effect of quantum entanglement in the presence of particle interaction by tuning a single parameter. We are able to obtain exact numerical results for the phase diagrams of these systems. Possible directions for experimental realization of the predictions are discussed.
(h) in Marshallese English
Authors: Buchstaller Isabelle 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the sociolinguistic patterning of glottal choices in the English spoken in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), a variety that variationist research has thus far eschewed. The analysis suggests that the schooling background of the speaker is the most crucial determinant for both /h/-dropping and /h/-insertion. These findings are not surprising given the dramatic social inequalities regarding access to educational opportunities that characterise the RMI. The locally-specific contact situation, in conjunction with the constraints on /h/-insertion, suggest that the English spoken in the Marshall Islands is typologically distinct from the Southern British dialect root described for other parts of the Pacific by Schreier (2019).
ID practice and theory
Authors: Pettersson Rune 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article describes some of many definitions of information design. Practical as well as theoretical aspects are important in information design. It is an applied science. We may view information design, as a “combined discipline,” as a “practical theory,” or as a “theoretical practice.” As an academic discipline, Information Design needs to incorporate theoretical contributions from other disciplines. The principles of information design are universal, and they are not tied to any unique features of a particular culture or language. One internal and six external information design theories are mentioned. Principles become the fundamental sources for development of practical guidelines.
Visual communication design
Authors: Simlinger Peter 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Having graduated in architecture at the University of Technology Wien [Vienna], I subsequently engaged in
post-graduate studies at The Bartlett School of Architecture and Planning / University College London. Corporate design and
signage design attracted my attention. Back home a major bank and Vienna airport (VIE), among others, were the first clients of my
company. As chairman of Committee 133 “Public information symbols” of “Austrian Standards”, I was responsible for the elaboration
of several theme specific national and international standards.
In 1993 I founded the IIID International Institute for Information Design. Several r&d projects within the
frame of the 6th and 7th European Union Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development were carried out. However,
due to the required but denied support from the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research, the founding of an interdisciplinary
institute, affiliated to the United Nations University (UNU), did not materialize. No chance either to establish “Visual
Communication Design” at a local university. Until now the Department of Typography and Graphic Communication of The University of
Reading (UK) seems to be the only theme specific institution on tertiary university level in Europe. Challenges nowadays range
from legible medical package inserts to a much required unified system for the European Union highway signs.
Managing trouble spots in conversation
Authors: Klein Wendy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study examines other-initiated repair sequences in everyday conversations between a bilingual youth with autism and his family members. The analysis is centered on the types of repair initiators produced by the youth, the targets of his repair elicitations, and his family members’ subsequent actions. Findings include two dominant patterns in the data that indicate marked differences in the ways the youth’s parents interact with him. The discussion highlights the youth’s ability to shift the participation framework to facilitate his understanding of a previous utterance; the analysis also reveals the strategies employed by some of his family members to encourage interactional progressivity. The concluding section addresses implications of the study for understanding how bilingual youth with autism target trouble sources, enact alignment, and draw from their bilingual proficiencies in everyday conversations.