bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chest Trauma Outcomes: Public Versus Private Level I Trauma Centers
Authors: Orlas Claudia P. , Herrera‐Escobar Juan Pablo , Zogg Cheryl K. , Serna José J. , Meléndez Juan J. , Gómez Alexandra , Martínez Diana , Parra Michael W. , García Alberto F. , Rosso Fernando , Pino Luis Fernando , Gonzalez Adolfo , Ordoñez Carlos A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of our study was to evaluate the differences in care and clinical outcomes of patients with chest trauma between two hospitals, including one public trauma center (Pu‐TC) and one private trauma center (Pri‐TC).MethodsPatients with thoracic trauma admitted from January 2012 to December 2018 at two level I trauma centers (Pu‐TC: Hospital Universitario del Valle, Pri‐TC: Fundación Valle del Lili) in Cali, Colombia, were included. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess for differences in in‐hospital mortality, adjusting for relevant demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsA total of 482 patients were identified; 300 (62.2%) at the Pri‐TC and 182 (37.8%) at the Pu‐TC. Median age was 27 years (IQR 21–36) and median Injury Severity Score was 25 (IQR 16–26). 456 patients (94.6%) were male, and the majority had penetrating trauma [total 465 (96.5%); Pri‐TC 287 (95.7%), Pu‐TC 179 (98.4%), p 0.08]. All patients arrived at the emergency room with unstable hemodynamics. There were no statistically significant differences in post‐operative complications, including retained hemothorax [Pri‐TC 19 vs. Pu‐TC 18], pneumonia [Pri‐TC 14 vs. Pu‐TC 14], empyema [Pri‐TC 13 vs. Pu‐TC 13] and mediastinitis [Pri‐TC 6 vs. Pu‐TC 2]. Logistic regression did, however, show a higher odds of mortality when patients were treated at the Pu‐TC [OR 2.27 (95% CI 1.34–3.87, p < 0.001].ConclusionsOur study found significant statistical differences in clinical outcomes between patients treated at a Pu‐TC and Pri‐TC. The results are intended to stimulate discussions to better understand reasons for outcome variability and ways to reduce it.
Measuring quality of life in bariatric surgery: a multicentre study
Authors: Poelemeijer Youri Q. M. , van der Knaap Elise T. W. , Marang-van de Mheen Perla J. , Demirkiran Ahmet , Wiezer Marinus J. , Hazebroek Eric J. , Greve Jan Willem M. , Liem Ronald S. L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrent studies mainly focus on total weight loss and comorbidity reduction. Only a few studies compare Quality of Life (QoL) after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This study was conducted to examine the extent of improvement in QoL on different domains after primary bariatric surgery and compare these results to Dutch reference values.MethodsThe study included prospectively collected data from patients who underwent primary bariatric surgery in five Dutch hospitals. The RAND-36 questionnaire was used to measure the patient’s QoL; preoperatively and twelve months postoperatively. Postoperative scores were compared to Dutch reference values, standardized for age, usingt-test. A difference of more than 5% was considered a minimal important difference. A multivariate linear regression analysis was used to compare SG and RYGB on the extent of improvement, adjusted for case-mix factors.ResultsIn total, 4864 patients completed both the pre- and postoperative questionnaire. Compared with Dutch reference values, patients postoperatively reported clinically relevant betterphysical functioning(RYGB + 6.8%),physical role limitations(SG + 5.6%; RYGB + 6.2%) andhealth change(SG + 77.1%; RYGB + 80.0%), but worsegeneral health perception(SG − 22.8%; RYGB − 17.0%). Improvement in QoL was similar between SG and RYGB, except forphysical functioning(β2.758;p-value 0.008) andgeneral health perception(β2.607;p-value < 0.001) for which RYGB patients improved more.ConclusionsSG and RYGB patients achieved a better postoperative score inphysical functioning,physical role limitationsandhealth change comparedto Dutch reference values, and a worse score ingeneral health perception.
Single-port versus multiport laparoscopic surgery comparing long-term patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcome
Authors: Raakow Jonas , Klein Denis , Barutcu Atakan Görkem , Biebl Matthias , Pratschke Johann , Raakow Roland 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Several studies and meta-analysis showed Single-port or Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SPL) to be superior over Multiport laparoscopic surgery (MPL) mainly in terms of postoperative pain and cosmetic result. But very little is known whether these results are only a short-term effect or are persistent on the long run after SPL. We therefore evaluated and compared long-term outcomes regarding cosmesis and chronic pain after SPL and MPL.

Methods
We conducted a comparative study with propensity score matching of all patients undergoing SPL or MPL between October 2008 and December 2013 in terms of postoperative cosmetic results and chronic pain. Follow-up data were obtained from mailed patient questionnaires and telephone interviews. Postoperative cosmesis was assessed using the patients overall scar opinion on a 10-point scale and the Patients scale of the standardized Patient and Observer Scar assessment scale (POSAS). Chronic pain was assessed by 10-point scales for abdominal and umbilical scar pain.

Results
A total of 280 patients were included in the study with 188 patients (67.1%) after SPL and 92 patients (32.9%) following MPL. 141 patients (50.4%) underwent a cholecystectomy and 139 patients (49.6%) underwent an appendectomy. The mean follow-up time was 61.1 ± 19.1 months. The mean wound satisfaction assed by the overall scar and the PSOAS Patients scale score of the patients showed no significant difference between MPL and SPL. Patients after SPL reported more overall complains than after MPL (8.7% vs. 2.5%, respectively), but without statistical significance (p = 0.321). Umbilical pain scores were comparable between the two groups (1.4 ± 1.0 vs. 1.4 ± 1.0, p = 0.831).

Conclusion
We found no difference in long-term cosmetic outcomes after SPL and MPL. Chronic pain at the umbilical incision site was comparable on the long run.
Computational shape optimisation for a gradient-enhanced continuum damage model
Authors: Guhr Fabian , Sprave Leon , Barthold Franz-Joseph , Menzel Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn isotropic gradient-enhanced damage model is applied to shape optimisation in order to establish a computational optimal design framework in view of optimal damage distributions. The model is derived from a free Helmholtz energy density enriched by the damage gradient contribution. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions are solved on a global finite element level by means of a Fischer–Burmeister function. This approach eliminates the necessity of introducing a local variable, leaving only the global set of equations to be iteratively solved. The necessary steps for the numerical implementation in the sense of the finite element method are established. The underlying theory as well as the algorithmic treatment of shape optimisation are derived in the context of a variational framework. Based on a particular finite deformation constitutive model, representative numerical examples are discussed with a focus on and application to damage optimised designs.
Prevention of oral mucositis with cryotherapy in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantations—a feasibility study and randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kamsvåg Tove , Svanberg Anncarin , Legert Karin Garming , Arvidson Johan , von Essen Louise , Mellgren Karin , Toporski Jacek , Winiarski Jacek , Ljungman Gustaf 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the feasibility of oral cryotherapy (OC) in children and to investigate if OC reduces the incidence of severe oral mucositis (OM), oral pain, and opioid use in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Methods
Fifty-three children, 4–17 years old, scheduled for HSCT in Sweden were included and randomized to OC or control using a computer-generated list. OC instructions were to cool the mouth with ice for as long as possible during chemotherapy infusions with an intended time of ≥ 30 min. Feasibility criteria in the OC group were as follows: (1) compliance ≥ 70%; (2) considerable discomfort during OC < 20%; (3) no serious adverse events; and (4) ice administered to all children. Grade of OM and oral pain was recorded daily using the WHO-Oral Toxicity Scale (WHO-OTS), Children’s International Oral Mucositis Evaluation Scale, and Numerical Rating Scale. Use of opioids was collected from the medical records.

Results
Forty-nine children (mean age 10.5 years) were included in analysis (OC = 26, control = 23). The feasibility criteria were not met. Compliance was poor, especially for the younger children, and only 15 children (58%) used OC as instructed. Severe OM (WHO-OTS ≥ 3) was recorded in 26 children (OC = 15, control = 11). OC did not reduce the incidence of severe OM, oral pain, or opioid use.

Conclusion
The feasibility criteria were not met, and the RCT could not show that OC reduces the incidence of severe OM, oral pain, or opioid use in pediatric patients treated with a variety of conditioning regimens for HSCT.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov id: NCT01789658
Research on the predicting power of the revised Tokuhashi system: how much time can surgery give to patients with short life expectancy?
Authors: Mezei Tamás , Horváth Anna , Pollner Péter , Czigléczki Gábor , Banczerowski Péter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectThe primary treatment option for symptomatic metastatic spinal tumors is surgery. Prognostic systems are designed to assist in the establishment of the indication and the choice of surgical methodology. The best-known prognostic system is the revised Tokuhashi system, which has a predictive ability of about 60%. In our study, we are attempting to find the reason for its poor predictive ability, despite its proper separation ability.MethodsWe have designed a one-center-based retrospective clinical trial, by which we would like to test the feasibility and the inaccuracy of the revised Tokuhashi system. In our database, there are 329 patients who underwent surgery. Statistical analysis was performed.ResultsA significant increase in survival time was observed in the ‘conservative’ category. Earlier studies reported OS 0.15 at the 180-day control time, in contrast with our 0.38 OS value. The literature suggested supportive care for this category, but in our population, every patient underwent surgery. Our population passes the 0.15 OS value on day 475. We propose an adjustment of the Tokuhashi category scores. We observed significant success in resolving pain. Motor functions were improved or stabilized compared to changes in vegetative dysfunction.ConclusionAccording to our results, the Tokuhashi scoring system makes very conservative predictions and prefers non-surgical palliative or supportive care. Surgical treatment increases the life expectancy of patients in poor condition. We propose modifying the therapeutic options of the revised Tokuhashi system, taking into consideration modern spine surgery techniques.
Multiscale relevance and informative encoding in neuronal spike trains
Authors: Cubero Ryan John , Marsili Matteo , Roudi Yasser 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNeuronal responses to complex stimuli and tasks can encompass a wide range of time scales. Understanding these responses requires measures that characterize how the information on these response patterns are represented across multiple temporal resolutions. In this paper we propose a metric – which we call multiscale relevance (MSR) – to capture the dynamical variability of the activity of single neurons across different time scales. The MSR is a non-parametric, fully featureless indicator in that it uses only the time stamps of the firing activity without resorting to any a priori covariate or invoking any specific structure in the tuning curve for neural activity. When applied to neural data from the mEC and from the ADn and PoS regions of freely-behaving rodents, we found that neurons having low MSR tend to have low mutual information and low firing sparsity across the correlates that are believed to be encoded by the region of the brain where the recordings were made. In addition, neurons with high MSR contain significant information on spatial navigation and allow to decode spatial position or head direction as efficiently as those neurons whose firing activity has high mutual information with the covariate to be decoded and significantly better than the set of neurons with high local variations in their interspike intervals. Given these results, we propose that the MSR can be used as a measure to rank and select neurons for their information content without the need to appeal to any a priori covariate.
(2S, 4R)-4-[18F]Fluoroglutamine for In vivo PET Imaging of Glioma Xenografts in Mice: an Evaluation of Multiple Pharmacokinetic Models
Authors: Miner Maxwell WG , Liljenbäck Heidi , Virta Jenni , Merisaari Joni , Oikonen Vesa , Westermarck Jukka , Li Xiang-Guo , Roivainen Anne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The glutamine analogue (2S, 4R)-4-[18F]fluoroglutamine ([18F]FGln) was investigated to further characterize its pharmacokinetics and acquire in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) images of separate orthotopic and subcutaneous glioma xenografts in mice.

Procedures
[18F]FGln was synthesized at a high radiochemical purity as analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. An orthotopic model was created by injecting luciferase-expressing patient-derived BT3 glioma cells into the right hemisphere of BALB/cOlaHsd-Foxn1nu mouse brains (tumor growth monitored via in vivo bioluminescence), the subcutaneous model by injecting rat BT4C glioma cells into the flank and neck regions of Foxn1nu/nu mice. Dynamic PET images were acquired after injecting 10–12 MBq of the tracer into mouse tail veins. Animals were sacrificed 63 min after tracer injection, and ex vivo biodistributions were measured. Tumors and whole brains (with tumors) were cryosectioned, autoradiographed, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. All images were analyzed with CARIMAS software. Blood sampling of 6 Foxn1nu/nu and 6 C57BL/6J mice was performed after 9–14 MBq of tracer was injected at time points between 5 and 60 min then assayed for erythrocyte uptake, plasma protein binding, and plasma parent-fraction of radioactivity to correct PET image-derived whole-blood radioactivity and apply the data to multiple pharmacokinetic models.

Results
Orthotopic human glioma xenografts displayed PET image tumor-to-healthy brain region ratio of 3.6 and 4.8 while subcutaneously xenografted BT4C gliomas displayed (n = 12) a tumor-to-muscle (flank) ratio of 1.9 ± 0.7 (range 1.3–3.4). Using PET image-derived blood radioactivity corrected by population-based stability analyses, tumor uptake pharmacokinetics fit Logan and Yokoi modeling for reversible uptake.

Conclusions
The results reinforce that [18F]FGln has preferential uptake in glioma tissue versus that of corresponding healthy tissue and fits well with reversible uptake models.
Berufliche Identität kaufmännischer Auszubildender. Ergebnisse einer Interviewstudie
Authors: Kirchknopf Sebastian , Kögler Kristina 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklung individueller beruflicher Identitätskonstruktionen in der dualen Berufsausbildung ist eng mit dem Erwerb beruflicher Handlungskompetenz verknüpft. Dabei sind insbesondere Fragen nach dem individuellen Berufsverständnis, berufstypischen Tätigkeiten und ihren affektiven Identifikationspotenzialen sowie wahrgenommenen beruflichen Perspektiven von Bedeutung. Vor dem Hintergrund der Theorie der sozialen Identität untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag mittels einer Interviewstudie mitN = 51 kaufmännischen Auszubildenden, ob systematische berufsspezifische Merkmale beruflicher Identität bei kaufmännischen Auszubildenden unterschiedlicher Ausbildungsberufe zu beobachten sind und inwiefern hierbei homogene identitätsstiftende Elemente innerhalb der kaufmännischen Domäne oder aber spezifische Identifikationspotenziale sowie -hindernisse einzelner Ausbildungsberufe überwiegen. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine Sonderstellung von Einzelhandelskaufleuten im Sinne eines vergleichsweise wenig facettenreichen Berufsverständnisses und Defiziten bezüglich affektiv identifikationsrelevanter Tätigkeiten sowie beruflicher Perspektiven hin.
The Role of Vascular Injury and Congestion in the Pathogenesis of Cirrhosis: the Congestive Escalator and the Parenchymal Extinction Sequence
Authors: Wanless Ian R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewCurrent research into the pathogenesis of cirrhosis is largely dominated by investigations of hepatocellular injury and fibrogenesis, mostly in short-term experimental models. Cirrhosis in the human evolves for decades with histologic features that are very different from the models studied, dominated by hepatic vein obstruction and congestion. This is a clue that the mechanisms operating in the human are different from those in most animal models.Recent FindingsThis paper presents an updated “vascular hypothesis” with previously unpublished observations that provide a more complete understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease in the human: (1) a definition of parenchymal extinction emphasizing the importance of sinusoidal destruction, (2) analysis of the temporal evolution of parenchymal extinction lesions, (3) new data to quantify hepatic vein obstruction, (4) a “congestive escalator” hypothesis to explain how vascular obstruction occurs, beginning with sinusoidal endothelial cell injury, fluid translocation, and vascular compression by mechanics known as “compartment syndrome,” (5) a “nested cone model” of hepatic vein anatomy that predisposes to compartment syndrome in the human, and (6) a proposal for the mechanism of collagen formation in response to congestion (“congestive fibrosis”).SummaryThe guiding principle in this model is that flow has to be vented to keep pressure gradients within the physiological range. Vascular obstruction causes tissue congestion which induces further vascular obstruction that drives a congestive escalator leading to progressive parenchymal extinction. This model may be applicable to all types of cirrhosis found in the human.
SEOM clinical guideline for the management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (2019)
Authors: Majem M. , García-Martínez E. , Martinez M. , Muñoz-Couselo E. , Rodriguez-Abreu D. , Alvarez R. , Arance A. , Berrocal A. , de la Cruz-Merino L. , Lopez-Martin J. A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has emerged as an effective treatment option for patients with several tumor types. By increasing the activity of the immune system, they can induce inflammatory side effects, which are often termed immune-related adverse events. These are pathophysiologically unique toxicities, compared with those from other anticancer therapies. In addition, the spectrum of the target organs is very broad. Immune-inflammatory adverse events can be life threatening. Prompt diagnosis and pharmacological intervention are instrumental to avoid progression to severe manifestations. Consequently, clinicians require new skills to successfully diagnose and manage these events. These SEOM guidelines have been developed with the consensus of ten medical oncologists. Relevant studies published in peer-review journals were used for the guideline elaboration. The Infectious Diseases Society of America grading system was used to assign levels of evidence and grades of recommendation.
SEOM clinical guideline for treatment of kidney cancer (2019)
Authors: Lázaro M. , Valderrama B. P. , Suárez C. , de-Velasco G. , Beato C. , Chirivella I. , González-del-Alba A. , Laínez N. , Méndez-Vidal M. J. , Arranz J. A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, we review de state of the art on the management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and provide recommendations on diagnosis and treatment. Recent advances in molecular biology have allowed the subclassification of renal tumours into different histologic variants and may help to identify future prognostic and predictive factors. For patients with localized disease, surgery is the treatment of choice with nephron-sparing surgery recommended when feasible. No adjuvant therapy has demonstrated a clear benefit in overall survival. Considering the whole population of patients with advanced disease, the combination of axitinib with either pembrolizumab or avelumab increase response rate and progression-free survival, compared to sunitinib, but a longer overall survival has only been demonstrated so far with the pembrolizumab combo. For patients with IMDC intermediate and poor prognosis, nephrectomy should not be considered mandatory. In this subpopulation, the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab has also demonstrated a superior response rate and overall survival vs. sunitinib. In patients progressing to one or two antiangiogenic tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, both nivolumab and cabozantinib in monotherapy have shown benefit in overall survival compared to everolimus. Although no clear sequence can be recommended, medical oncologists and patients should be aware of the recent advances and new strategies that improve survival and quality of life in patients with metastatic RCC.
Complete assignment of Ala, Ile, LeuProS, Met and ValProS methyl groups of the protruding domain from human norovirus GII.4 Saga
Authors: Müller-Hermes Christoph , Creutznacher Robert , Mallagaray Alvaro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAttachment of human noroviruses to histo blood group antigens (HBGAs) is thought to be essential for infection, although how this binding event promotes infection is unknown. Recent studies have shown that 60% of all GII.4 epidemic strains may undergo a spontaneous post-translational modification (PTM) in an amino acid located adjacent to the binding pocket for HBGAs. This transformation proceeds with an estimated half-life of 1–2 days under physiological conditions, dramatically affecting HBGA recognition. The surface-exposed position of this PTM and its sequence conservation suggests a relevant role in immune escape and host-cell recognition. As a first step towards the understanding of the biological implications of this PTM at atomic resolution, we report the complete assignment of methyl resonances of a MILProSVProSA methyl-labeled sample of a 72 kDa protruding domain from a GII.4 Saga human norovirus strain. Assignments were obtained from methyl–methyl NOESY experiments combined with site-directed mutagenesis and automated assignment. This data provides the basis for a detailed characterization of the PTM-driven modulation of immune recognition in human norovirus on a molecular level.