bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial transition and costs of sustainable agricultural intensification practices on a beef cattle and crop farm in Brazil's Amazon
Authors: Pedrosa Lorena Machado , Hoshide Aaron Kinyu , Abreu Daniel Carneiro de , Molossi Luana , Couto Eduardo Guimarães 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe intensification of Brazil's beef cattle production system can involve different strategies to increase beef production while reducing deforestation in the Amazon biome and mitigating climate change. This study economically evaluates a cooperating beef farm in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil's Amazon biome over three crop years (2015–16 to 2017–18), transitioning from an extensive grazing system to a semi-intensive system using five sustainable agricultural intensification (SAI) practices. These five practices include (1) grain supplementation for cattle, (2) pasture fertilization, (3) pasture re-seeding, (4) crop–livestock integration (CLI) and (5) irrigated and fertilized pasture that is rotationally grazed. The relative costs of these five SAI strategies used on this cooperating farm are compared. The adoption of SAI strategies increased beef productivity 5.7% (228–241 kg live-weight sold per hectare) and gradually improved net farm income by ~130% over the 3 years of transition (−US$94.79 to $29.80 ha−1). Grain supplementation (US$188 ha−1) had the cheapest cost per hectare, followed by pasture fertilization (US$477 ha−1) and pasture reseeding (US$650 ha−1). The most costly practice was in-ground irrigation of fenced rotationally grazed pasture (US$1600 ha−1) with the second most costly being CLI (US$672 ha−1). Despite adoption challenges of these SAI practices, past research confirm these five practices can increase beef productivity and profitability while reducing carbon footprint. Regardless of the cost per hectare of each practice, farmer adoption can be improved through education, support and incentives from both the public and private sectors.
Jovian Auroral Ion Precipitation: X‐Ray Production From Oxygen and Sulfur Precipitation
Authors: Houston S. J. , Cravens T. E. , Schultz D. R. , Gharibnejad H. , Dunn W. R. , Haggerty D. K. , Rymer A. M. , Mauk B. H. , Ozak N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMany attempts have been made to model X‐ray emission from both bremsstrahlung and ion precipitation into Jupiter's polar caps. Electron bremsstrahlung modeling has fallen short of producing the total overall power output observed by Earth‐orbit‐based X‐ray observatories. Heavy ion precipitation was able to reproduce strong X‐ray fluxes, but the proposed incident ion energies were very high (
1 MeV per nucleon). Now with the Juno spacecraft at Jupiter, there have been many measurements of heavy ion populations above the polar cap with energies up to 300–400 keV per nucleon (keV/u), well below the ion energies required by earlier models. Recent work has provided a new outlook on how ion‐neutral collisions in the Jovian atmosphere are occurring, providing us with an entirely new set of impact cross sections. The model presented here simulates oxygen and sulfur precipitation, taking into account the new cross sections, every collision process, the measured ion fluxes above Jupiter's polar aurora, and synthetic X‐ray spectra. We predict X‐ray fluxes, efficiencies, and spectra for various initial ion energies considering opacity effects from two different atmospheres. We demonstrate that an in situ measured heavy ion flux above Jupiter's polar cap is capable of producing over 1 GW of X‐ray emission when some assumptions are made. Comparison of our approximated synthetic X‐ray spectrum produced from in situ particle data with a simultaneous X‐ray spectrum observed by XMM‐Newton shows good agreement for the oxygen part of the spectrum but not for the sulfur part.
Rheological Controls on Asperity Weakening During Earthquake Slip
Authors: Hayward Kathryn S. , Hawkins Rhys , Cox Stephen F. , Le Losq Charles 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEvolution of fault strength during the initial stages of seismic slip plays an important role in the onset of velocity‐induced weakening, which in turn, leads to larger earthquake events. A key dynamic weakening mechanism during the early stages of slip is flash heating, where stress concentrations at contacts on the interface lead to the rapid generation of heat. Although potential weakening from flash heating has been extensively modeled, there is little recorded microstructural evidence of its physical manifestations. We present results of a series of triaxial experiments on synthetic faults in quartz sandstone. Samples were subjected to a variety of normal stresses and ambient temperatures, to induce a range of slip event sizes and sliding velocities. We show the microstructural evolution of asperity interactions from the onset of flash heating through to the formation of grain‐scale areas of sheared melt. Using microstructural observations and mechanical data from the experiments, we model temperature and the viscoelastic behavior of the glass. Results suggest that, in the earliest stages of slip asperity contacts melt, but temperatures remain too low for viscous shear to occur within the melt layer. Instead melted asperities behave as glassy solids, facilitating continued frictional heating. With further slip, increased asperity temperatures allow the transition to viscous shear within the melt layer, facilitating weakening. These results highlight the dynamic evolution of the viscoelastic properties of the melt and resulting effects on asperity strength. Such complexity has, to‐date, not been fully addressed in modeling of flash heating.
Delayed Subevents During the MW6.2 First Shock of the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, Earthquake
Authors: Goto Hiroyuki , Toyomasu Aki , Sawada Sumio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEarthquakes have been considered mostly to generate concentric rupture starting from the hypocenter. On the other hand, delayed subevents occurring after the first passage of rupture front have been found in the recent earthquakes, for example, the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. They potentially cause a long duration of ground motions. We study a source rupture process during the Mw6.2 first shock of the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake, which may include the delayed subevent. The source model with three segments (S1, S2, and S3) is estimated from the near source records by using Bayesian inference, Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The maximum a posteriori solution well explains the near source records, and its layout of S1 and S2 segments are consistent with the previous studies. The posterior distribution suggests that location of S1 and S3 segments spatially overlaps with a time interval of about 6–7 s. Therefore, the S3 segment is accepted as the delayed subevent in this event. The first rupture on S1 concentrically propagates to trigger the second rupture on S2, and the second rupture then causes the dynamic triggering of S3 segment. Physical background how the delayed subevents can release the stress is needed to investigate in the future.
A Model of an Integrated Research and Education Program in Space Weather at a Community College
Authors: Damas M. C. , Ngwira C. M. , Cheung T. D. , Marchese P. , Kuznetsova M. , Zheng Y. , Chulaki A. , Mohamed A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCommunity Colleges provide a great opportunity to diversify the space sciences or other science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields due to their large population of underrepresented students. However, since the primary mission of community colleges is teaching, there is a challenge to support undergraduate research training and promote undergraduate research opportunities. Undergraduate research experiences are one of the leading high‐impact practices (HIPs) to encourage students to pursue STEM majors, graduate degrees, and careers. Space weather provides the opportunity to engage undergraduate students in real‐world research due to the accessibility of space mission data sets within open access data repositories. Space weather's impact on Earth's geospace environment, life, and society also provides a compelling real‐world hook to engage students in activities that have a number of impacts including (1) long‐term integration of space weather into the undergraduate curricula; (2) experience in analyzing large geospace data sets, which increases students' computational, critical thinking, and analytical skills, useful for any career; and (3) increase in students' interest in and motivation to study STEM, as well as preparing them for choosing a career path in space science and related fields. The model presented below has the potential to increase the retention, graduation, and transfer rate of community college students to four‐year STEM programs, as well as increase representation and inclusion in space sciences and other related STEM fields.
Results of a phase II clinical trial of 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) and methotrexate in patients with BRCA-defective tumours
Authors: Roberts Corran , Strauss Victoria Y. , Kopijasz Sylwia , Gourley Charlie , Hall Marcia , Montes Ana , Abraham Jacinta , Clamp Andrew , Kennedy Richard , Banerjee Susana , Folkes Lisa K. , Stratford Michael , Nicum Shibani 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Tumour cells with BRCA1/2 gene mutations demonstrate increased sensitivity to platinum and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) was found to selectively kill BRCA-defective cells in a xenograft model as effectively as the PARP inhibitor AG014699, even after these cells acquired resistance to a PARP inhibitor or cisplatin.

Methods
This phase II single-arm trial investigated the activity of 6MP 55–75 mg/m2 per day, and methotrexate 15–20 mg/m2 per week in advanced breast or platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients with a BRCA1/2 germline mutation, who had progressed after ≥1 previous line of chemotherapy. The primary outcome was objective response including stable disease (SD) as an assessment of clinical benefit rate (CBR), at 8 weeks, by RECIST v1.1. Secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results
In total, 67 evaluable patients were recruited; 55 ovarian and 11 breast cancer patients. In total, 21 patients had SD (31%), one had a partial response (1.5%); CBR was 33% at 8 weeks. In total, 12/67 patients (18%) had SD at 16 weeks. In total, five ovarian cancer patients had SD for over 200 days. Median OS was 10.3 months (95% CI 6.9–14.5), median PFS 1.9 months (1.7–2.8).

Conclusions
The overall activity of 6MP and methotrexate in these patients was low; however, there was a small group of patients who appeared to derive longer-term clinical benefit.

Trial registration
NCT01432145 http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov.
lncRNA-ZFAS1 induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by causing cytosolic Ca2+ overload in myocardial infarction mice model
Authors: Jiao Lei , Li Mengmeng , Shao Yingchun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Gong Manyu , Yang Xuewen , Wang Yanying , Tan Zhongyue , Sun Lihua , Xuan Lina , Yu Qi , Li Yanru , Gao Yuqiu , Liu Heng , Xu Honglin , Li Xiaohan , Zhang Yong , Zhang Ying 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPreviously, we have identified ZFAS1 as a potential new long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) biomarker of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and as a sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) inhibitor, causing intracellular Ca2+ overload and contractile dysfunction in a mouse model of MI. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of ZFAS1 on the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in the MI mouse model. Knockdown of endogenous ZFAS1 by virus-mediated silencing shRNA or siZFAS1 partially abrogated the ischemia-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of ZFAS1 in normal cardiomyocytes reduced the cell viability, similar to that observed in hypoxia-treated cardiomyocytes. Moreover, ZFAS1 cardiac-specific knock-in mice showed impaired cardiac function, adversely altered Ca2+ homeostasis, repressed expression and activities of SERCA2a, and increased apoptosis. At the subcellular level, ZFAS1 induced mitochondrial swelling and showed a pronounced decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. At the molecular level, ZFAS1 activated the mitochondria apoptosis pathway, which could be nearly abolished by a calcium chelator. The effects of ZFAS1 were readily reversible upon knockdown of this lncRNA. Notably, ZFAS1-FD (only functional domain) mimicked the effects of full-length ZFAS1 in regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, our study shows that ZFAS1, an endogenous SERCA2a inhibitor, induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via cytosolic Ca2+ overload. Therefore, anti-ZFAS1 might be considered a new therapeutic strategy for protecting cardiomyocytes from MI-induced apoptosis.
Bcl-2 regulates pyroptosis and necroptosis by targeting BH3-like domains in GSDMD and MLKL
Authors: Shi Chong-Shan , Kehrl John H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractApoptosis is a form of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms. Bcl-2 prevents apoptosis and promotes cellular survival by neutralizing BH3 domain-containing proteins, which directly activate the pore-forming proteins BAX and BAK. However, Bcl-2 is not known to regulate other cell death effectors such as gasdermin D (GSDMD) or mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), whose activation causes pyroptosis and necroptosis, respectively. Here, we identify a BH3-like domain in both GSDMD and MLKL that mediates an interaction with B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). The presence of Bcl-2 reduced GSDMD cleavage at D275 by caspase-1, 4 or 5, and enhanced the GSDMD cleavage at D87. The GSDMD D87 cleavage inactivates the pyroptotic execution program. The presence of Bcl-2 also limited RIP3 mediated phosphorylation of MLKL, which reduced MLKL oligomerization and tempered the induction of necroptosis. Our observations suggest that the presence of Bcl-2 limits the induction of three forms of cell death apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis.
Iron chelation by curcumin suppresses both curcumin-induced autophagy and cell death together with iron overload neoplastic transformation
Authors: Rainey Nathan E. , Moustapha Aoula , Saric Ana , Nicolas Gael , Sureau Franck , Petit Patrice X. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Iron overload, notably caused by hereditary hemochromatosis, is an excess storage of iron in various organs that causes tissue damage and may promote tumorigenesis. To manage that disorder, free iron depletion can be induced by iron chelators like deferoxamine that are of increasing interest also in the cancer field since iron stock could be a potent target for managing tumorigenesis. Curcumin, a well-known active substance extracted from the turmeric rhizome, destabilizes endoplasmic reticulum, and secondarily lysosomes, thereby increasing mitophagy/autophagy and subsequent apoptosis. Recent findings show that cells treated with curcumin also exhibit a decrease in ferritin, which is consistent with its chemical structure and iron chelating activity. Here we investigated how curcumin influences the intracellular effects of iron overload via Fe-nitriloacetic acid or ferric ammonium citrate loading in Huh-7 cells and explored the consequences in terms of antioxidant activity, autophagy, and apoptotic signal transduction. In experiments with T51B and RL-34 epithelial cells, we have found evidence that curcumin-iron complexation abolishes both curcumin-induced autophagy and apoptosis, together with the tumorigenic action of iron overload.
Dataset supporting blood pressure prediction for the management of chronic hemodialysis
Authors: Lin Cheng-Jui , Chen Ying-Ying , Pan Chi-Feng , Wu Vincent , Wu Chih-Jen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHemodialysis (HD) is a treatment given to patients with renal failure. Notable treatment-related complications include hypotension, cramps, insufficient blood flow, and arrhythmia. Most complications are associated with unstable blood pressure during HD. Physicians are devoted to seeking solutions to prevent or lower the incidence of possible complications. With advances in technology, big data have been obtained in various medical fields. The accumulated dialysis records in each HD session can be gathered to obtain big HD data with the potential to assist HD staff in increasing patient wellbeing. We generated a large stream of HD parameters collected from dialysis equipment associated with the Vital Info Portal gateway and correlated with the demographic data stored in the hospital information system from each HD session. We expect that the application of HD big data will greatly assist HD staff in treating intradialytic hypotension, setting optimal dialysate parameters, and even developing an intelligent early-warning system as well as providing individualized suggestions regarding dialysis settings in the future.
Noise-Induced Balance Loss? Rethinking Clinical Implications of Noise Exposure
Authors: Myers Bre , Dundas J. Andrew 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The primary aim of the current article is to provide a brief review of the literature regarding the effects of noise exposure on the vestibular and balance control systems. Although the deleterious effects of noise on the auditory system are widely known and continue to be an active area of research, much less is known regarding the effects of noise on the peripheral vestibular system. Audiologists with working knowledge of how both systems interact and overlap are better prepared to provide comprehensive care to more patients as assessment of both the auditory and vestibular systems has been in the audiologists' scope of practice since 1992.

Method
A narrative review summarizes salient findings from the archival literature.

Results
Temporary and permanent effects on vestibular system function have been documented in multiple studies. Hearing conservation, vestibular impairment, and fall risk reduction may be more intimately related than previously considered.

Conclusions
A full appreciation of both the vestibular and auditory systems is necessary to address the growing and aging noise-exposed population. More cross-system studies are needed to further define the complex relationship between the auditory and vestibular systems to improve comprehensive patient care.
Korrektur der vertikalen Dimension in der Aligner-Therapie
Authors: Drechsler Thomas 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungBei den bekannten, fest auf den Zähnen angebrachten Apparaturen sind in den meisten Fällen die elastischen Eigenschaften verschiedener Metalllegierungen für die Zahnauslenkungen verantwortlich. Aber auch die flexiblen Materialeigenschaften von bestimmten Kunststoffarten lassen sich zur Zahnbewegung nutzen. Seit fast 20 Jahren hat sich durch im CAD/CAM-Großserienverfahren hergestellte, thermoplastische Polyurethan-Kunststoff-Schienen das Indikationsspektrum der Aligner-Therapie aufgrund technologischen Fortschritts der verschiedenen Aligner-Hersteller und der Erfahrung der Behandler zunehmend erweitert. Unter anderem durch die Weiterentwicklung spezieller Attachments, Materialien oder der digitalen Planungssoftware kann beobachtet werden, dass bei verantwortungsvoller, korrekter Planung seitens des in dieser Technik erfahrenen Kieferorthopäden und unbedingter Compliance seitens des Patienten mittlerweile auch anspruchsvolle kieferorthopädische Behandlungen, wie die Therapie des frontal offenen oder tiefen Bisses, größtenteils vorhersagbar mit Alignern durchgeführt werden können. Hierbei bedarf es jedoch auf Basis einer umfassenden Anamnese und Diagnostik einer genauen Berücksichtigung patientenspezifischer Parameter wie unter anderem Alter, möglicher Parafunktion, skelettaler Konfiguration, Parodontalzustand und Funktionsbefund durch den erfahrenen Fachzahnarzt. Dieser muss unter Wahrung der bekannten biomechanischen Prinzipien die Anwendung der modernen softwaregestützten Applikationen so zu nutzen wissen, dass aus einer virtuellen Computersimulation eine realistische, klinische Umsetzung resultiert. Anhand von Fallbeispielen werden exemplarisch die Chancen und Grenzen der Aligner-Therapie aufgezeigt, die zur Korrektur der vertikalen Dimension gegeben sind.
The IGAD Kampala Declaration on jobs, livelihoods, and self-reliance: from declaration to reality
Authors: Hopkins Gail , Buffoni Laura 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Kampala Declaration on Jobs, Livelihoods, and Self-Reliance for Refugees, Returnees, and Host Communities, signed in March 2019 by IGAD member states, contains commitments which are an important part of realizing the objectives of the Global Compact for Refugees in the IGAD region. The Declaration holds real potential for realizing Compact objectives globally and builds on the 2017 Nairobi Declaration on Durable Solutions for Somali Refugees. Over past years, dramatic changes to contemporary global policy relating to refugees situates refugees within receiving communities and receiving states and promotes a ‘whole of society’ approach. The Kampala Declaration forms part of this change and, as such, the realization of Declaration commitments is crucial. With the upcoming Global Refugee Forum in December 2019 providing an opportunity to take stock of progress, the article emphasizes the crucial importance of planned and active participation, inclusion and collaboration of all parties as being fundamental in realizing in practice refugees’ right to work and access to economic opportunities. Attention is drawn to ‘missed opportunities’ within elements of the Kampala meeting and pre-meeting process which resulted in the impairment of potential for success and effective dialog. Further attention is drawn to critical areas where mindfulness in future meetings/dialog can be beneficial in order to effectively catalyze future change. Because the Kampala Declaration commitments form a central role in realizing Global Compact objectives, the article argues for high level meetings and fora to prioritize an approach to discussions which creates enabling contexts of formal but inclusive dialog. The article calls for better planning in this respect and puts forward suggestions for how dialog might become more productive. The article sets the context and aims of the Kampala meeting, moving forward to highlight areas needed to effectively catalyze change and then looks at meeting planning and participation,. Some brief examples are presented, continuing on to suggest ways in which changes in approach can transform reality. The article concludes, importantly, that the Kampala Declaration demonstrates that the commitment and language of inclusion exist. What remains is for truly collective action to ensure the Declaration achieves its transformative potential.
Study for the alignment of focusing solenoid of ares rf gun and effect of misalignment of solenoid on emittance of space charge dominated electron beam
Authors: Yamin S , Assmann R W , Marchetti B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
SINBAD (Short and INnovative Bunches and Accelerators at DESY) facility will host multiple experiments relating to ultra-short high brightness beams and novel experiments with ultra-high gradient. ARES (Accelerator Research Experiment at SINBAD) Linac is an S-band photo injector to produce such electron bunches at around 100 MeV. The Linac will be commissioned in stages with the first stage corresponding to gun commissioning. In this paper, we present studies about the scheme adopted for the alignment of focusing solenoid for the ARES gun. The method is bench marked using ASTRA simulations. Moreover the effect of misalignment of the solenoid on the emittance of space charge dominated scheme and its compensation is also discussed.