bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid sol–gel silica adsorbent material based on grape stalk applied to cationic dye removal
Authors: Benvenuti Jaqueline , Giraldi Fisch Adriano , Zimnoch Dos Santos João Henrique , Gutterres Mariliz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe removal of azo‐dyes, recalcitrant compounds found in several industrial effluents, was investigated by an environmentally friendly hybrid adsorbent material based on grape stalk encapsulated by the sol–gel method. The winemaking process produces a large amount of grape stalk. This solid waste represents an environmental problem for wineries. The hybrid adsorbent based on grape stalk was synthetized by the acid catalyzed sol–gel route and characterized by different techniques. According to the zeta potential values, the resulting hybrid material is negatively charged at a wide pH range (2.0–12.0). The adsorption of the cationic azo‐dye Basic Blue 41 onto the hybrid material was evaluated in aqueous solution. The studies of pH (3.0–12.0), adsorbent concentration (0.5–5.0 g L−1), kinetic and adsorption equilibrium were investigated at 303 K. The kinetic data were best fitted to the pseudo‐second order kinetic model. Equilibrium studies showed that the hybrid material achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 205.3 mg g−1. The large amount of solid waste generated from wine production represents a serious impasse for wineries regarding its storage and disposal, from both ecological and economical points of view. Alternatively, this agricultural solid waste may represent a source of raw material to create new products, increasing the life cycle and adding value to the previously discarded material. In this work, grape stalk was employed as adsorbent for dye removal, promoting the reduction of environmental contamination. The results showed that it is a promising material to use as efficient eco‐friendly adsorbent for the treatment of wastewater.
Joint bit and power loading for adaptive MIMO OFDM VLC systems
Authors: Siddiqi Umair F. , Narmanlioglu Omer , Uysal Murat , Sait Sadiq M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVisible light communication (VLC) is a short‐range wireless access technology based on the dual use of illumination structure. The frequency‐selective characteristics of VLC channels motivate the use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). In addition, the presence of multiple light sources in most indoor spaces makes multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) communication techniques a natural solution for VLC systems. In this paper, we investigate the design of an adaptive MIMO OFDM system. Specifically, we propose adaptive bit and power loading for a direct current–biased OFDM VLC system with MIMO mode switching between repetition coding and spatial multiplexing. We formulate the adaptive algorithm design as an optimization problem where we aim to maximize spectral efficiency through the proper selection of modulation order, power level, and MIMO mode, while satisfying a targeted bit error rate. To solve the underlying NP‐hard problems, we use a simulated annealing heuristic. We present Monte Carlo simulation results for a typical indoor setting and illustrate the performance improvements through link adaptation.
Fishnet‐Like, Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Films Directly Anchored on Carbon Cloths as Binder‐Free Electrodes for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Wu Jing , Xu Liming , Zhou Weiqiang , Jiang Fengxing , Liu Peipei , Zhang Hui , Jiang Qinglin , Xu Jingkun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe low specific capacitance and energy density of carbon electrode has extremely limited the wide application of supercapacitors. For developing a high‐performance carbon electrode using a simple and effective method, a fishnet‐like, N‐doped porous carbon (FNPC) film is prepared by calcining the KOH‐activated polyindole precoated on carbon cloths. The FNPC film is tightly anchored on carbon cloths without any binder. The FNPC film with 3.8 at% N content exhibits a fairly high specific capacitance of 416 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1. Moreover, the assembled button‐type cell with two FNPC film electrodes shows a high energy density of 16.4 Wh kg−1, a high power density of 67.4 kW kg−1, and long‐term cyclic stability of 92% of the initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1. The high performances mainly came from the integration of pseudocapacitance and electrical double‐layer capacitance behavior, wettability, fishnet‐like nanostructure, as well as the low interfacial resistivity. This strategy provides a practical, uncomplicated, and low‐cost design of binder‐free flexible carbon materials electrode for high‐performance supercapacitors.
Use of human liver and EpiSkin™ S9 subcellular fractions as a screening assays to compare the in vitro hepatic and dermal metabolism of 47 cosmetics‐relevant chemicals
Authors: Eilstein Joan , Grégoire Sébastien , Fabre Aurélie , Arbey Eric , Géniès Camille , Duplan Hélène , Rothe Helga , Ellison Corie , Cubberley Richard , Schepky Andreas , Lange Daniela , Klaric Martina , Hewitt Nicola J. , Jacques‐Jamin Carine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe abundance of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) is different in the skin and liver; therefore, it is important to differentiate between liver and skin metabolism when applying the information to safety assessment of topically applied ingredients in cosmetics. Here, we have employed EpiSkin™ S9 and human liver S9 to investigate the organ‐specific metabolic stability of 47 cosmetic‐relevant chemicals.The rank order of the metabolic rate of six chemicals in primary human hepatocytes and liver S9 matched relatively well. XME pathways in liver S9 were also present in EpiSkin S9; however, the rate of metabolism tended to be lower in the latter. It was possible to rank chemicals into low‐, medium‐ and high‐clearance chemicals and compare rates of metabolism across chemicals with similar structures. The determination of the half‐life for 21 chemicals was affected by one or more factors such as spontaneous reaction with cofactors or non‐specific binding, but these technical issues could be accounted for in most cases. There were seven chemicals that were metabolized by liver S9 but not by EpiSkin S9: 4‐amino‐3‐nitrophenol, resorcinol, cinnamyl alcohol and 2‐acetylaminofluorene (slowly metabolized); and cyclophosphamide, benzophenone, and 6‐methylcoumarin.These data support the use of human liver and EpiSkin S9 as screening assays to indicate the liver and skin metabolic stability of a chemical and to allow for comparisons across structurally similar chemicals. Moreover, these data can be used to estimate the systemic bioavailability and clearance of chemicals applied topically, which will ultimately help with the safety assessment of cosmetics ingredients.
Increased Burden of Common Risk Alleles in Children With a Significant Fracture History
Authors: Manousaki Despoina , Kämpe Anders , Forgetta Vincenzo , Makitie Riikka E , Bardai Ghalib , Belisle Alexandre , Li Rui , Andersson Sture , Makitie Outi , Rauch Frank , Richards J Brent 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Extreme presentations of common disease in children are often presumed to be of Mendelian etiology, but their polygenic basis has not been fully explored. We tested whether children with significant fracture history and no osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are at increased polygenic risk for fracture. A childhood significant fracture history was defined as the presence of low-trauma vertebral fractures or multiple long bone fractures. We generated a polygenic score of heel ultrasound-derived speed of sound, termed “gSOS,” which predicts risk of osteoporotic fracture. We tested if individuals from three cohorts with significant childhood fracture history had lower gSOS. A Canadian cohort included 94 children with suspected Mendelian osteoporosis, of which 68 had negative OI gene panel. Two Finnish cohorts included 59 children with significant fracture history and 22 with suspected Mendelian osteoporosis, among which 18 had no OI. After excluding individuals with OI and ancestral outliers, we generated gSOS estimates and compared their mean to that of a UK Biobank subset, representing the general population. The average gSOS across all three cohorts (n = 131) was −0.47 SD lower than that in UK Biobank (n = 80,027, p = 1.1 × 10−5). The gSOS of 78 individuals with suspected Mendelian osteoporosis was even lower (−0.76 SD, p = 5.3 × 10−10). Among the 131 individuals with a significant fracture history, we observed 8 individuals with gSOS below minus 2 SD from the mean; their mean lumbar spine DXA-derived bone mineral density Z-score was −1.7 (SD 0.8). In summary, children with significant fracture history but no OI have an increased burden of common risk alleles. This suggests that a polygenic contribution to disease should be considered in children with extreme presentations of fracture. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Reference intervals for thyroid‐stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones using the access TSH 3rd IS method in China
Authors: Li Zhen‐Zhen , Yu Ben‐Zhang , Wang Ji‐Liang , Yang Qin , Ming Jia , Tang Yu‐Rong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo calculate the reference intervals for thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones using the Access TSH 3rd IS method and evaluate the differences between age and genders in Chinese populations.MethodsThis study collected 349 serum samples of healthy subjects were from Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital in China. Subjects who tested positive for thyroid peroxidase antibody or thyroglobulin antibody were excluded. Accordingly, 313 subjects were included for establishing reference intervals for the thyroid hormones. The serum concentrations of TSH, total and free thyroxine (TT4 and FT4), and total and free triiodothyronine (TT3 and FT3) were measured using the Access TSH 3rd IS method. The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles or mean with standard deviation were calculated as the reference interval as appropriate.ResultsThe reference intervals for TSH, FT4, FT3, TT4, and TT3 calculated in present study were 0.61‐4.16 mIU/L, 0.67‐1.11 ng/dL, 2.63‐4.33 pg/mL, 5.56‐11.33 μg/dL, and 0.72‐1.32 ng/mL, respectively. The FT3, TT4, and TT3 levels in males were significantly higher than in females (P < .05), while TSH levels in males were significantly lower than in females (P < .05). The levels of FT3 in subjects with the age of less than 30 years were significantly higher than other groups (P < .05).ConclusionThe present study provided a valid basis for the reference intervals for TSH, FT4, FT3, TT4, and TT3 in Chinese populations. In addition, this present study indicated that age and gender should be considered in diagnostic evaluation of thyroid diseases.
Preparation of Cu@SiO2composite nanoparticle and its tribological properties as water‐based lubricant additive
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Zhou Changhua , Gao Chuanping , Zhang Yujuan , Yang Guangbin , Zhang Pingyu , Zhang Shengmao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, to solve the problem that di‐n‐hexadecyldithiophosphate (DDP)‐modified Cu nanoparticles initially used as oil‐based lubricant additive cannot be directly used in water‐based lubricants, we adopt a water‐in‐oil reverse micro‐emulsion method to incorporate hydrophobic Cu nanoparticles into silica spheres for obtaining water‐dispersible Cu@SiO2nanoparticles. The effects of reaction conditions on the morphology and microstructure of Cu@SiO2nanoparticles were investigated. Furthermore, the tribological properties of the as‐prepared Cu@SiO2nanoparticles as a lubricant additive in distilled water were investigated with a UMT‐2MT tribometer. Results indicate that the as‐prepared Cu@SiO2nanoparticles exhibit good dispersion stability and antioxidant ability in distilled water. Besides, Cu@SiO2nanoparticles can significantly improve the tribological properties of distilled water, which is attributed to the formation of a protective and lubricious film consisting of Cu, FeS and SiO2on the rubbed steel surface.
Ketogenic Diet Potentiates Electrical Stimulation–Induced Peripheral Nerve Regeneration after Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury in Rats
Authors: Li Ji , Liu Yang , Liu Huan‐qiu , Chen Lei , Li Rui‐jun 
Published: January 2020

ScopeRecent findings indicate that the ketogenic diet (KD) is neuroprotective and electrical stimulation (ES) can improve functional recovery from peripheral nerve injury. However, it is not clear whether KD and ES play a synergistical role in the peripheral nerve recovery following injury.Methods and resultsA KD consisting of a 3:1 ratio of fat to carbohydrate + protein is used and is coupled with ES treatment in a rat model of peripheral nerve crush injury. Neuromuscular recovery is evaluated by electromyography, and axonal regeneration and myelination by histological methods. The effects on insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and IGF‐1 receptor expression in peripheral nerve tissue, pre‐ and post‐nerve injury, are also investigated. The combination of KD and ES synergistically increases muscle force in biceps femoris and gluteus maximus and prevents development of hypersensitivity in biceps femoris. It promotes peripheral nerve regeneration by increasing total axons, axon density, and axonal diameter, as well as myelin thickness and axon/fiber ratio. These effects are due to modulation of the IGF system as the treatment expression of IGF‐1 and IGF‐1 receptor in regenerated nerve tissue.ConclusionThe results establish that KD and ES promote peripheral nerve regeneration. Patients recovering from peripheral nerve injury may benefit from this combinational approach.
Dynamically tunable high‐efficiency broadband terahertz linear polarization converter based on Dirac semimetal metamaterials
Authors: Meng Wanli , Hou Baoyu , Cao Qiuhong , Lin Hongmei , Zhou Wei , Li Zhaoxin , Li Dehua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn electrically‐tunable polarization converter with a dynamic range of 2.026 to 2.481 THz is designed and simulated in this work. A dumbbell‐like Dirac semimetal metamaterial is fabricated and attached to a Teflon plate, with a perfect electric conductor as the substrate. Simulation results show that for a 22‐μm‐thick Teflon plate and a Fermi level is 60 meV, the polarization conversion rate reaches 100% at the two resonance frequencies of 2.072 and 2.428 THz. Moreover, the polarization conversion rate exceeds 85% in the frequency range of 2.026 to 2.481 THz.
Optical performance of hybrid metal‐insulator‐metal plasmonic waveguide for low‐loss and efficient photonic integration
Authors: Kumar Pintu , Singh Dharmendra K. , Ranjan Rakesh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe fundamental mode characteristics of hybrid metal‐insulator‐metal plasmonic waveguide (HMIMPW), consists of a high‐index layer sandwiched between two spacer/low‐index and metal layers, has been explored to achieve relatively high power density with smaller effective mode area in low‐index waveguide region at the wavelength of 1550 nm. The HMIMPW has the advantage of low power loss with relatively large propagation distance, of order of several tens of λ. The simulation results have demonstrated that with spacer thickness of 10 nm, significantly higher confinement of optical mode power (> 65%) can be realized in the spacer region of HMIMPW with relatively smaller effective area of 0.0060 μm2 together with the power density > 200 μm−2. This type of analysis and results are very desirable for several specific applications, like optical sensing, nonlinear optics, optical manipulations. Further, the investigations on crosstalk performance between two parallel HMIMPWs have been addressed in order to realize the high integration density over the photonic chip. The decoupling separation of nearly 560 nm has been accomplished with the thicknesses of low‐ and high‐index regions, respectively, of 10 and 50 nm.
Structural changes from heating amber and copal as observed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Lambert Joseph B. , Nguyen Truongan V. , Levy Allison J. , Wu Yuyang , Santiago‐Blay Jorge A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStructural changes caused by heating of fossilized (amber) and semifossilized (copal) resins have been examined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A set of 28 samples was constituted to include different geographical sources, degrees of maturation, colors, and structural groupings. The onset of structural alterations was determined by observation of the lowest temperature at which spectral changes occurred. Both proton spectra in solution and carbon‐13? spectra in the solid state then were recorded of cooled samples after heating for 12 hr at temperature increments, until liquification of the sample began. The spectra of both nuclides exhibit loss of a few peaks, broadening of most peaks, and enhancement of the unsaturated or aromatic region at the expense of saturated resonances. Such changes are irreversible and lead to a harder and less soluble material on cooling. The changes parallel those that occur with maturation of fossil resins or materials that lead to coal.
A pH‐Switchable Triple Hydrogen‐Bonding Motif
Authors: Coubrough Heather M. , Balonova Barbora , Pask Christopher M. , Blight Barry A. , Wilson Andrew J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA stimuli responsive linear hydrogen bonding motif, capable of in situ protonation and deprotonation, has been investigated. The interactions of the responsive hydrogen bonding motif with complementary partners were examined through a series of 1H NMR experiments, revealing that the recognition preference of the responsive hydrogen bonding motif in a mixture can be switched between two states.
Perceived contributions of multifunctional landscapes to human well‐being: Evidence from 13 European sites
Authors: Fagerholm Nora , Martín‐López Berta , Torralba Mario , Oteros‐Rozas Elisa , Lechner Alex M. , Bieling Claudia , Stahl Olafsson Anton , Albert Christian , Raymond Christopher M. , Garcia‐Martin Maria , Gulsrud Natalie , Plieninger Tobias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultifunctional landscapes provide critical benefits and are essential for human well‐being. The relationship between multifunctional landscapes and well‐being has mostly been studied using ecosystem services as a linkage. However, there is a challenge of concretizing what human well‐being exactly is and how it can be measured, particularly in relation to ecosystem services, landscape values and related discussions.In this paper, we measure self‐reported well‐being through applying an inductive free‐listing approach to the exploration of the relationships between landscape multifunctionality and human well‐being across 13 rural and peri‐urban sites in Europe.We developed a face‐to‐face online survey (n = 2,301 respondents) integrating subjective perceptions of well‐being (free‐listing method) with mapping perceived ecosystem service benefits (Public Participation GIS, PPGIS approach).Applying content analysis and diverse statistical methods, we explore the links between well‐being (i.e. perceived well‐being items such as tranquillity, social relations and health) and social‐ecological properties (i.e. respondents' sociocultural characteristics and perception of ecosystem service benefits).We identify 40 different well‐being items highlighting prominently landscape values. The items form five distinct clusters: access to services; tranquillity and social capital; health and nature; cultural landscapes; and place attachment. Each cluster is related to specific study sites and explained by certain social‐ecological properties.Results of our inductive approach further specify pre‐defined conceptualizations on well‐being and their connections to the natural environment. Results suggest that the well‐being contributions of multifunctional landscapes are connected to therapeutic well‐being effects, which are largely neglected in the ecosystem services literature.Our results further point to the context‐specific character of linkages between landscapes and human well‐being. The clusters highlight that landscape‐supported well‐being is related to multiple interlinked items that can inform collective visions of well‐being in the future.For landscape planning and management, we highlight the need for place‐specific analysis and consideration of perceptions of local people to identify the contributions to their well‐being.Future research would benefit from considering the experiential qualities of value and well‐being as they relate to direct experiences with the landscape and wider psychological needs, specifically over time.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Organic/inorganic hybrid nanostructured composites of liquid nitrile rubber‐based quaternary ammonium salt‐modified montmorillonite and epoxy resin: preparation and tribological behaviors
Authors: Yi Hongling , Hu Meiling , Yao Donggang , Wei Ting , Lin Heng , Zheng Baicun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new type of polymer derivative, carboxyl‐terminated butadiene nitrile rubber‐based quaternary ammonium salt (CTBN‐QAS), has been synthesized and used for the functionalization of sodium montmorillonite (MMT‐Na) via a cationic exchange process. The resulting CTBN‐QAS‐modified MMT (CTBN‐QAS‐MMT) exhibits exfoliated and/or intercalated structures as indicated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Further CTBN‐QAS‐MMT was incorporated into diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with different loadings to produce organic/inorganic hybrid epoxy nanocomposites. Studies were conducted on tribological behavior and dynamic mechanical properties by ring‐on‐block wear tester and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. The results show that as‐prepared nanostructured epoxy has better wear resistance and lower friction coefficient than pure epoxy polymer (EP), and the best wear resistance is obtained at 6 phr (parts per hundred) CTBN‐QAS‐MMT‐modified EP. Wear surface morphology analysis shows that the friction mechanism is abrasive wear. Additionally, the good friction resistance and decreased wear loss are correlated with higher glassy storage modulus and lower tan δ. The improved tribological behavior is due to the formation of hybrid organic/inorganic nanostructured epoxy material.
Fuzzy smart failure modes and effects analysis to improve safety performance of system: Case study of an aircraft landing system
Authors: Daneshvar Sahand , Yazdi Mohammad , Adesina Kehinde A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFailure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is a safety and reliability technique that is widely used to evaluate, design, and process a system against diverse possible ways through which the potential failure has a tendency to occur. In conventional FMEA, the risk evaluation is determined by risk priority number (RPN) obtained by multiplying of three risk factors—severity, occurrence, and detection. However, because of many shortages in conventional FMEA, the RPN scores have been widely criticized along issues bothering on ambiguity and vagueness, scoring, appraising, evaluating, and selecting corrective actions. In this paper, we propose a new integrated fuzzy smart FMEA framework where the combination of fuzzy set theory, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used, respectively, to handle uncertainty and to increase the reliability of the risk assessment. These are achieved by employing a heterogeneous group of experts and determining the efficiency of FMEA mode with adequate priority and corrective actions using RPN, time, and cost as indicators. A numerical example (aircraft landing system) is provided to exemplify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model. The outputs of the proposed model compared with the conventional risk assessment technique results show its effectiveness, reliability, and propensity for real applications.