bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotyping of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) Cultivars by DNA Markers: Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Kunihisa Miyuki , Ueda Hiroshi , Fukino Nobuko , Matsumoto Satoru ,   Collaborators:, Akasaki T , Amagai M , Arakawa K , Asami I , Asao H , Chiba N , Hirano M , Ishikawa M , Kai H , Kitahara K , Koshikawa K , Maeda F , Nishikawa T , Niwa Y , Noda T , Nomura Takahiro , Nomura Tomofumi , Numata S , Osaki M , Saegusa T , Shimizu K , Shimomura K , Takemoto K , Takeuchi Y , Tasaki K , Yamamoto Y , Yasuda M , Yoshimura Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Fourteen Japanese laboratories validated the reproducibility of genotyping by 25 cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers for discrimination of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) cultivars. Both the sensitivity and specificity rate of 12 markers were 100, those of another 12 were &gt;95, and those of 1 were &gt;90. These results indicate that the method of genotyping by the CAPS markers was highly reproducible and could provide a useful basis for practical identification of strawberry cultivars. This is the first report of the statistical validation of crop genotyping by DNA markers.
Stability-Indicating Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Aconitine and Piperine in a Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Rai Pallavi , Pathak Ashutosh , Rajput Sadhana J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Simple and rapid stability-indicating HPLC methods were developed for the individual analysis of aconitine (ACN) and piperine (PIN) in Mahamrutynjaya rasa, an herbal dosage form containing Aconitum ferox, Piper nigrum, and Piper longum in combination. Separation of the ACN from its major and minor degradation products was successfully achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column (250 4.6 mm id, 5 m particle size), with isocratic elution using a mixture of acetonitrileKH2PO4 buffer (10 mM, pH 8 0.1; 50 + 50, v/v) at flow rate of 0.7 mL/min with UV detection at 227 nm. PIN separation was performed on a reversed-phase C18 column (250 4.6 mm id, 5 mm particle size), with isocratic elution in acetonitrileKH2PO4 buffer (10 mM, pH 7 0.1; 35 + 65, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with UV detection at 343 nm. The methods were validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, system suitability, and robustness. The responses were linear in the drug concentration range of 10100 g/mL for both ACN and PIN. The percent recoveries of both the markers from a mixture of degradation products were in the range between 98101. The utility of the procedures was verified by their application to marketed formulations that were subjected to accelerated degradation studies. The methods could distinctly separate the drug and degradation products. The products formed in the marketed tablets were similar to those formed in the laboratory during stress studies.
USDA FSIS, FDA BAM, AOAC, and ISO Culture Methods BD BBL CHROMagar Listeria Media
Authors: Ritter Vicki , Kircher Susan , Sturm Krista , Warns Patty , Dick Nancy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BBL CHROMagar Listeria Media (CL) was evaluated for detection of Listeria monocytogenes in raw ground beef, smoked salmon, lettuce, and Brie cheese. The recovery of L. monocytogenes on CL was compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), AOAC, and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) reference-plated media using the recommended pre-enrichments and selective enrichments. Of the 265 food samples tested, 140 were tested using BAM, USDA, or AOAC methods and 125 were tested using ISO methods. CL produced comparable results with the reference methods on all matrixes with a sensitivity of 99.3 and a specificity of 100. No false negatives were found in testing the food matrixes. There was no statistical difference in recovery based on Chi-square analysis. Known isolates were evaluated, and CL had a sensitivity and specificity of 100. The results of this study demonstrate that CL is an effective medium for the recovery and detection of L. monocytogenes in raw ground beef, smoked salmon, lettuce, and Brie cheese using FDA BAM, USDA FSIS, AOAC, and ISO culture methods.
USDA FSIS, FDA BAM, and ISO Culture Methods BD BBL CHROMagar O157 Media
Authors: Ritter Vicki , Kircher Susan , Dick Nancy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BBL CHROMagar O157 media (CO) was evaluated for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef and unpasteurized apple cider. The recovery of E. coli O157:H7 on CO was compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) reference-plated media using the recommended enrichment broths. Of the 180 food samples tested, 45 were tested using BAM, 45 using the USDA method, and 90 using the ISO method. CO produced comparable results with the reference methods on all matrixes with a sensitivity of 100 and a specificity of 100. No false negatives were found in testing the food matrixes. There was no statistical difference in recovery based on Chi-square analysis. Method agreement for raw ground beef was 85 for the USDA FSIS method and 95 for the ISO method. Method agreement for unpasteurized apple cider was 100 for the ISO and FDA BAM methods. In all cases where method agreement was &lt;100, CO detected more positives than the reference method media. Evaluation of known isolates on CO in inclusivity and exclusivity testing had a sensitivity and specificity of 100. The results of this study demonstrate that CO is an effective medium for the recovery and detection of E. coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef and unpasteurized apple cider using FDA BAM, USDA FSIS, and ISO methods.
Typing Methods for the Plague Pathogen, Yersinia pestis
Authors: Lindler Luther E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Phenotypic and genotypic methodologies have been used to differentiate the etiological agent of plague, Yersinia pestis. Historically, phenotypic methods were used to place isolates into one of three biovars based on nitrate reduction and glycerol fermentation. Classification of Y. pestis into genetic subtypes is problematic due to the relative monomorphic nature of the pathogen. Resolution into groups is dependent on the number and types of loci used in the analysis. The last 510 years of research and analysis in the field of Y. pestis genotyping have resulted in a recognition by Western scientists that two basic types of Y. pestis exist. One type, considered to be classic strains that are able to cause human plague transmitted by the normal flea vector, is termed epidemic strains. The other type does not typically cause human infections by normal routes of infection, but is virulent for rodents and is termed endemic strains. Previous classification schemes used outside the Western hemisphere referred to these latter strains as Pestoides varieties of Y. pestis. Recent molecular analysis has definitely shown that both endemic and epidemic strains arose independently from a common Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ancestor. Currently, 11 major groups of Y. pestis are defined globally.
Use of a Hydrolytic Procedure and Spectrometric Methods in the Structure Elucidation of a Thiocarbonyl Analogue of Sildenafil Detected as an Adulterant in an Over-the-Counter Herbal Aphrodisiac
Authors: Reepmeyer John C , d'Avignon D Andr 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A sildenafil-related compound was detected in an herbal dietary supplement marketed as an aphrodisiac. The compound was identified as an analogue of sildenafil in which the carbonyl group in the pyrimidine ring of sildenafil was substituted with a thiocarbonyl group, and the methyl group on the piperazine ring was substituted with a hydroxyethyl group. Based on this structure, the compound was named thiohydroxyhomosildenafil. The structure of the compound was established using HPLC/MS, UV spectrometry, electrospray ionization-MS/MS, NMR spectrometry, and a hydrolytic process. One key product of hydrolysis was 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazine; the identification of this product defined the amine portion of the compound. Another key product of hydrolysis was hydroxyhomosildenafil, generated by hydrolysis of the thiocarbonyl group to a carbonyl group (C S C O). Hydroxyhomosildenafil was detected as a minor component in the dietary supplement.
Comparative Validation Study to Demonstrate the Equivalence of a Minor Modification to AOAC Method 997.03 Visual Immunoprecipitate (VIP®) for Listeria to the Reference Culture Method
Authors: Feldsine Philip T , Kerr David E , Shen George , Lienau Andrew H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Visual Immunoprecipitate (VIP®) for the Detection of Listeria in Foods and Environmental Surfaces, AOAC Official Method 997.03, has been modified to change the color of the test and control lines of the device. A methods comparison study was conducted to demonstrate the equivalence of this modification to the reference culture method. Two food matrixes and one environmental surface were analyzed. In total, there were valid results from 100 samples and controls. Results showed that the modified VIP Gold® for Listeria spp. is equivalent to the reference culture methods for the detection of Listeria.
Comparative Validation Study to Demonstrate the Equivalence of a Minor Modification to AOAC Method 999.09 Visual Immunoprecipitate (VIP®) for Salmonella Method to the Reference Culture Method
Authors: Feldsine Philip T , Kerr David E , Shen George , Lienau Andrew H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Visual Immunoprecipitate (VIP®) for the Detection of Salmonella in Foods, AOAC Official Method 999.09, has been modified to change the color of the test and control lines of the device. A methods comparison study was conducted to demonstrate the equivalence of this modification to the reference culture method. Three foods were analyzed. In total, there were valid results from 155 samples and controls. Results showed that the modified VIP Gold® for Salmonella is equivalent to the reference culture methods for the detection of Salmonella.
Improving the AOAC Use-Dilution Method by Establishing a Minimum Log Density Value for Test Microbes on Inoculated Carriers
Authors: Tomasino Stephen F , Pines Rebecca M , Hamilton Martin A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The AOAC Use-Dilution methods, 955.14 (Salmonella enterica), 955.15 (Staphylococcus aureus), and 964.02 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), are used to measure the efficacy of disinfectants on hard inanimate surfaces. The methods do not provide procedures to assess log density of the test microbe on inoculated penicylinders (carrier counts). Without a method to measure and monitor carrier counts, the associated efficacy data may not be reliable and repeatable. This report provides a standardized procedure to address this method deficiency. Based on carrier count data collected by four laboratories over an 8 year period, a minimum log density value is proposed to qualify the test results. Carrier count data were collected concurrently with 242 Use-Dilution tests. The tests were conducted on products bearing claims against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus with and without an organic soil load (OSL) added to the inoculum (as specified on the product label claim). Six carriers were assayed per test for a total of 1452 carriers. All 242 mean log densities were at least 6.0 (geometric mean of 1.0 106 CFU/carrier). The mean log densities did not exceed 7.5 (geometric mean of 3.2 107 CFU/carrier). For all microbes and OSL treatments, the mean log density (SEM) was 6.7 (0.07) per carrier (a geometric mean of 5.39 106 CFU/carrier). The mean log density for six carriers per test showed good repeatability (0.29) and reproducibility (0.32). A minimum mean log density of 6.0 is proposed as a validity requirement for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The minimum level provides for the potential inherent variability that may be experienced by a wide range of laboratories and the slight effect due to the addition of an OSL. A follow-up report is planned to present data to support the carrier count procedure and carrier counts for S. enterica.
Determination of Trace Amounts of Lead and Manganese in Water Samples After Simultaneous Preconcentration onto Modified Amberlite XAD-4 Resin
Authors: Mobarakeh Sayed Zia Mohammadi , Afzali Darush , Taher Mohammad Ali , Dargahi Roza 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A procedure for simultaneous separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of manganese and lead has been proposed. It is based on the adsorption of manganese and lead ions onto a column of Amberlite XAD-4 resin loaded with pyrocatechol reagent. Manganese and lead were quantitatively retained on the column in the pH range 4.06.5 at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. The manganese and lead ions were eluted with 5.0 mL of 4 M HNO3 solutions. Manganese and lead were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In this case, 100.0 ng manganese and 1000.0 ng lead were concentrated in the column from 800 mL of aqueous sample, where their concentrations were as low as 0.125 and 1.25 ng/mL, respectively. Seven replicate determinations of mixtures of 1.0 g/mL manganese and 2.0 g/mL lead in the final solution gave a mean absorbance of 0.1926 and 0.0832 with RSD values of 1.1 and 1.2, respectively. The LODs were 1.76 ng/mL for Mn(II) and 37.28 ng/mL for Pb(II) (3bl/m) in the final solution, with a preconcentration factor of 160. Sensitivities for 1 absorbance for Mn(II) and Pb(II) were 7.0 and 74.7 ng/mL, respectively. The interference of a large number of anions and cations has been studied and the optimized conditions were used for determination of trace amounts of manganese and lead in various environmental and standard samples.
Determination of Atropine Enantiomers in Ophthalmic Solutions by Liquid Chromatography Using a Chiral AGP Column
Authors: Soares Renata , Singh Anil Kumar , Kedor-Hackmann Erika Rosa Maria , Santoro Maria Inês Rocha Miritello 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Many therapeutic agents are commercialized under their racemic form. The enantiomers can show differences in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. The use of a pure enantiomer in pharmaceutical formulations may result in a better therapeutic index and fewer adverse effects. Atropine, an alkaloid of Atropa belladonna, is a racemic mixture of l-hyoscyamine and d-hyoscyamine. It is widely used to dilate the pupil. To quantify these enantiomers in ophthalmic solutions, an HPLC method was developed and validated using a Chiral AGP column at 20C. The mobile phase consisted of a buffered phosphate solution (containing 10 mM 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt and 7.5 mM triethylamine, adjusted to pH 7.0 with orthophosphoric acid) and acetonitrile (99 + 1, v/v). The flow rate was 0.6 mL/min, with UV detection at 205 nm. In the concentration range of 14.026.0 g/mL, the method was found to be linear (r &gt; 0.9999), accurate (with recovery of 100.1100.5), and precise (RSD system 0.6; RSD intraday 1.1; RSD interday 0.9). The method was specific, and the standard and sample solutions were stable for up to 72 h. The factorial design assures robustness with a variation of 10 in the mobile phase components and 2C of column temperature. The complete validation, including stress testing and factorial design, was studied and is presented in this research.
Analysis of Photochemically Induced Cotton Bound Residues of Deltamethrin by an Immunoassay Technique
Authors: Soltan Hamdy R , Abd El-Megeed Fawkia A , Mustafa Fathia I , Ismail Hanafy M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A sensitive and selective indirect competitive ELISA was developed for the detection of deltamethrin bound residues on cotton texture. Cross-reactivity studies with the main deltamethrin photodegradation products showed high specificity of deltamethrin polyclonal antibody to the parent compound. No cross-reactivity was measured with deltamethrin photodegradtion products derived from the alcohol moiety (3-phenoxybenzaldhyde, phenoxybenzyl alcohol, cyanohydrin, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid), and lesser amounts were observed with the acid moiety (deltamethric acid). The dot-blot immunoassay was performed on cotton fabric discs spiked with deltamethrin and irradiated to assess the suitability of this system to detect bound residue. The dot-blot immunoassay results revealed that the bound form of deltamethrin has binding affinity with deltamethrin antibody similar to the parent compound. In addition, the test system was used to detect bound and free residues of deltamethrin on cotton samples exposed to three cycles of simulated sunlight and water wash. The results obtained suggest that the competitive ELISA format can be used as a tool for monitoring free and bound residues of deltamethrin impregnated on cotton targets.
Singlepath Salmonella
Authors: Lindhardt Charlotte , Schönenbrücher Holger , Slaghuis Jörg , Bubert Andreas , Ossmer Rolf , Hammack Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Singlepath Salmonella is an immunochromatographic (lateral flow) assay for the presumptive qualitative detection of Salmonella spp. in food. A previous AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM study evaluated Singlepath Salmonella as an effective method for the detection of Salmonella spp. in the following selected foods: dried skimmed milk, black pepper, dried pet food, desiccated coconut, cooked peeled frozen prawns, raw ground beef, and raw ground turkey. In this Emergency Response Validation extension, creamy peanut butter was inoculated with S. enterica. ser. Typhimurium. For low contamination level (1.08 CFU/25 g), a Chi-square value of 0.5 indicated that there was no significant difference between Singlepath Salmonella and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA-BAM) reference method. For high-level and uninoculated control there was 100 agreement between the methods.
CHROMagar Salmonella Detection Test Kit
Authors: Webb Katana , Ritter Vicki , Hammack Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BBL CHROMagar Salmonella was evaluated by an external food testing laboratory for the recovery of Salmonella in peanut butter using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA-BAM) procedure. The peanut butter was found to be negative for the presence of Salmonella and, therefore, was seeded with heat-stressed Salmonella at target concentrations of 0.2 and 2 CFU/25 g. The Salmonella-seeded samples remained at room temperature for 14 days before analysis to stabilize the Salmonella in the food environment. Twenty 25 g test portions from each seeded level and five 25 g samples of uninoculated control samples were processed using enrichment broths as outlined in the FDA-BAM procedure. BBL CHROMagar Salmonella-prepared plates were evaluated with the FDA reference method media (bismuth sulfite, xylose lysine desoxycholate, and Hektoen enteric agars). Fractionally positive results were obtained from the lower inoculum level of peanut butter samples. Five positive cultures were recovered from both the BBL CHROMagar Salmonella and reference methods. The two methods gave identical results for all cultures resulting in a method agreement of 100%. McNemar's 2 test, which assesses the evidence for difference in marginal proportions between two methods, could not be evaluated because it requires one or more discrepant cultures. However, because there were no discrepant cultures, the marginal proportions for the two methods were identical; therefore, there is no evidence of a difference between the methods. This study demonstrates that the results from BBL CHROMagar Salmonella are comparable to the three reference method media for the detection of Salmonella in peanut butter using the FDA-BAM procedures.
A Novel Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method for the Detection of Brazil Nuts in Food
Authors: Brežná Barbara , Dudášová Hana , Kuchta Tomáš 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A qualitative real-time PCR-based method for the detection of the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) component in food is described. The method consists of DNA isolation by chaotropic SPE and the subsequent PCR with Brazil nut-specific primers and a TaqMan fluorescent probe. The primers and the probe are targeted to the gene encoding for the 11s globulin of the Brazil nut. The method was positive for eight Brazil nut samples from the market and negative for all other tested plant and meat materials used in the food industry (36 samples). The intrinsic LOD of the method was 10 pg Brazil nut DNA. Using a series of model nut paste mixtures with defined Brazil nut contents, a practical detection limit of 0.1 (w/w) Brazil nut was estimated. Practical applicability of the entire method was tested by qualitative analysis of nine food samples; no discrepancies between the declared and detected Brazil nut contents were found. The presented PCR-based method is useful for sensitive and selective detection of Brazil nut in food samples.
Evaluation of the MIT RMID 1000 System for the Identification of Listeria Species
Authors: Ricardi John , Haavig David , Cruz Lasaunta , Paoli George , Gehring Andrew 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Micro Imaging Technology (MIT) 1000 Rapid Microbial Identification (RMID) System is a device that uses the principles of light scattering coupled with proprietary algorithms to identify bacteria after being cultured and placed in a vial of filtered water. This specific method is for pure culture identification of Listeria spp. A total of 81 microorganisms (55 isolates) were tested by the MIT 1000 System, of which 25 were Listeria spp. and 30 a variety of other bacterial species. In addition, a total of 406 tests over seven different ruggedness parameters were tested by the MIT 1000 System to determine its flexibility to the specifications stated in the MIT 1000 System User Guide in areas where they might be deviated by a user to shorten the test cycle. Overall, MIT concluded that the MIT 1000 System had an accuracy performance that should certify this Performance Test Method for the identification of Listeria spp. This report discusses the tests performed, results achieved, and conclusions, along with several reference documents to enable a higher understanding of the technology used by the MIT 1000 System.