bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How specific is the specificity rule in duty to warn or protect jurisprudence following the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's Maas decision?
Authors: Radley Allison , Felthous Alan R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOf the various rules establishing a mental health clinician's legal duty to take precautions to protect their patient from harming others, the most common is the specificity rule that limits the protective duty to warn reasonably identifiable victims. The specificity rule is important wherein the main or only specified protective measure is warning the victim. In the last quarter century, Pennsylvania adopted the specificity rule from its Supreme Court Emerich decision. In its recent Maas decision, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court expanded the duty to apply to potential victims who are unnamed and unidentifiable except for living on the same floor as the patient of a multiunit building. Victims constituted a group referenced by the patient as a “neighbor,” but from the patient's threats both narrower “next door neighbor” and broader “anyone.” We place this judicial expansion of the duty to warn within the context of professional ethics guidelines and state Tarasoff statutes that pertain to psychiatrists. The potential adverse consequences of this vague expansion of the specificity rule for clinicians, psychiatric patients, and unconnected citizens of Pennsylvania and for other jurisdictions in which courts could misguidedly follow this expansionist example are discussed, along with potential solutions.
Advances in insect biomonitoring for agriculture and forestry: A synthesis on a multifaceted special issue of Agricultural and Forest Entomology
Authors: Cuff Jordan P. , Watt Allan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Advancing biomonitoring of insects is vital if we are to safeguard insect biodiversity whilst optimizing the ecosystem service provision necessary for production systems such as agriculture and forestry.
Over recent years, many key technological, methodological and conceptual advances have been made in and adjacent to biomonitoring. These advances are set to form the biomonitoring toolbox of the 21st century.
The Agricultural and Forest Entomology special issue “Advances in insect biomonitoring for agriculture and forestry” exemplifies several of these advances across ten articles. From artificial intelligence‐based image analysis and identification, through molecular methods for highly resolved monitoring, to innovative use of existing methods, the articles highlight the diverse future of biomonitoring and the multi‐modal nature of its data.
Through the advances represented in this special issue, progress towards highly resolved and scalable biomonitoring is certain, with fully automated biomonitoring seeming increasingly possible. These examples do, however, largely still depend on traditional monitoring and identification of insects for validation or reference data collection.
To advance biomonitoring effectively, traditional approaches therefore must remain a key component of monitoring schemes and should be integrated with emerging technologies for robust and accurate biomonitoring.
Lower limb nodules with angioinvasive Phaeoacremonium spp. fungus in an immunocompetent host
Authors: Tay Charmaine Jieying , Koh Yun Pei , Koh Mark Jean Aan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhaeohyphomycosis has been described to cause a variety of cutaneous manifestations in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. We report an unexpected case where an immunocompetent elderly female developed a rare angioinvasive fungal cutaneous infection. She had no known history of inoculation, and her lesions resolved without treatment.
Can interest groups influence elections? Evidence from unions in Great Britain, 1900–2019
Authors: Fouirnaies Alexander 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnions sponsor electoral candidates around the world, yet little is known about the consequences of these arrangements. I study how union sponsorship affected the electoral prospect of British parliamentary candidates throughout the 20th century. I collect new data on the universe of union‐sponsored candidates. Employing a difference‐in‐differences design based on within‐candidate variation induced by the sponsorship institution and its abolishment, I document that sponsorship caused a six percentage point increase in candidate vote shares. I outline theoretical mechanisms and examine whether sponsees improved their electoral fortune because of changes in constituencies, opponents, resources, mobilization, or information. The evidence supports the constituency and resource mechanisms: Sponsorship helped candidates get nominated in attractive constituencies, accounting for two‐thirds of the effect, and caused an inflow of resources into constituency–party organizations. Overall, sponsorship promoted the representation of union‐friendly candidates in parliament, but it only led to moderate shifts in the balance of power between parties.
The safety profile of usage of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in pregnancy: A pharmacovigilance analysis based on the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Zhou Jianxing , Wei Zipeng , Lai Weipeng , Liu Maobai , Wu Xuemei 
Published: December 2024

AimsThe use of (GLP‐1 RAs) among pregnant women is escalating, yet safety data remain insufficient. This study aims to comprehensively assess adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with GLP‐1 RAs in pregnant women using the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.MethodsFAERS data from 2004 to 2023 were analysed, focusing on pregnant women aged 15–55 years exposed to GLP‐1 RAs. Descriptive analysis covered patient demographics, clinical aspects and annual trends. Disproportionality analysis used reporting odds ratio and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network to detect ADR signals.ResultsAmong 354 cases with 1671 ADR reports, an exponential rise in reported cases since 2012 was observed. The median age of the affected women was 36 years, with 50.56% classified as advanced age pregnant. The disproportionality analysis revealed significant ADR signals in the reproductive (n = 199) and gastrointestinal systems (n = 155), with spontaneous abortion and pre‐eclampsia being the most concerning. Additionally, while no significant dose‐related differences were found, the age subgroup analysis indicated heightened risk across most age groups, except for those aged 20–24 years, highlighting the need for careful monitoring of GLP‐1 RAs used during pregnancy.ConclusionThis study highlights increasing GLP‐1 RA use in pregnant women and identifies potential pregnant ADRs. GLP‐1 RAs are not recommended for use during pregnancy. In cases of unintentional exposure, close monitoring is advised to ensure maternal and foetal safety. These findings provide valuable insights for clinicians making informed decisions and regulators considering using GLP‐1 RA in pregnancy.
Ethical considerations for biobanks serving underrepresented populations
Authors: Lee Yoon Seo , Garrido Nelson Luis Badia , Lord George , Maggio Zane Allan , Khomtchouk Bohdan B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiobanks are essential biological database resources for the scientific community, enabling research on the molecular, cellular, and genetic basis of human disease. They are crucial for computational, data‐driven biomedical research, which advances precision medicine and the development of targeted therapies. However, biobanks often lack racial and ethnic diversity, with many data sets predominantly comprising individuals of white, primarily northern European, ancestry. Establishing or enhancing biobanks for the inclusion of historically underrepresented populations requires meticulous ethical and social planning beyond logistical, legal, and economic considerations. This guide provides a roadmap for building and sustaining diverse biobanks, emphasizing ethical guidelines and cultural sensitivity. We highlight the importance of obtaining informed consent from donors, respecting their bodily autonomy, and the economic and research benefits of diverse biobanks to enable precision medicine, drug discovery, and industry‐academic partnerships. Prioritizing key ethical and social considerations allows biobanks to advance scientific knowledge while upholding the rights and autonomy of underrepresented populations. Diversity in biobank sample collection enhances research outcomes by ensuring findings are representative and applicable to various human population groups, fostering trust, promoting inclusivity, and addressing health disparities while informing health policy. This is vital to ensuring biobanking efforts contribute meaningfully to the advancement of health equity.
Development of a novel test of splenic function for use in a clinical diagnostic laboratory
Authors: Khan Azalea A. , Laas Claire E. , Brewin John N. , Potter Victoria , Cao Huan , Vickers Mark A. , Clark Barnaby , Rees David C. 
Published: December 2024

SummaryThe spleen is prone to both physical damage and functional impairment, which can be difficult to detect before catastrophic complications occur. Currently available tests of splenic function are laborious, user‐dependent and unreliable, so there is an unmet need for a reliable test offered routinely in diagnostic laboratories. In this study, we have assessed a simple flow cytometry‐based method measuring high mannose glycans (HMGs) on erythrocytes, which has previously been proposed as a potential test of splenic function. We developed the test as a diagnostic assay using blood from a range of control and potentially hyposplenic samples, including people with sickle cell disease. HMG expression correlated well with manual pit counting, an established method for assessing splenic function (r = 0.6). A threshold of >36% difference compared to the mean of control samples was used to define hyposplenism. At this threshold, the test is 93% sensitive and 100% specific for detecting splenic dysfunction. The test was highly reproducible and stable in blood samples of up to 4 days old. This test is non‐invasive with quantitative data output and requires significantly less operator time than other available techniques, making it a robust new clinical assay for determining splenic function.
Changing or stable? The effects of adolescents' social media use on psychosocial functioning
Authors: Pouwels J. Loes , Beyens Ine , Keijsers Loes , Valkenburg Patti M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo better understand the effects of social media use on adolescents' psychosocial functioning, this study examined the temporal stability of social media effects across two separate 3‐week experience sampling methodology (ESM) studies conducted 6 months apart in 2019 and 2020. Participants were 297 adolescents (Mage = 14.1 years, SD = 0.7, 58.9% girls; 41.1% boys; 0.1% other; 97% Dutch) who completed 126 momentary questionnaires on social media use, affective well‐being, self‐esteem, and friendship closeness in each of the two ESM studies. The effects of social media on psychosocial functioning had low rank‐order stability (r = .05–.25). Findings indicated that the effects of social media use varied not only between individuals but also changed substantially within individuals over time.
Children's expectations of nationality‐based behaviors differ for immigrants and nonimmigrants
Authors: Sodhi Shreya , Liberman Zoe 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChildren in the United States (N = 488, 4–11 years, 239 females, 248 males, one other, 53% White; data collected 2021–2022) participated in three studies investigating their expectations about immigrants. Participants recognized that immigration impacts characters' national identity and behaviors. Although previous research reported that children may essentialize nationality, participants instead reasoned flexibly about immigrant characters. Children expected immigrant characters to share behaviors and preferences with people from both their heritage and host countries, suggesting they may think immigrants hold dual national identities. Even the youngest children tested (ages 4–6) reasoned flexibly about behaviors based on immigration status. Thus, children appear to view national identity as constructed through social and cultural experiences, rather than something innate.
CCN1 Promotes Mesenchymal Phenotype Transition Through Activating NF‐κB Signaling Pathway Regulated by S100A8 in Glioma Stem Cells
Authors: Guo Xing , Guo Shuhua , Tian Feng , Gao Zijie , Fan Yang , Wang Chuanxin , Xu Shuo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) and the occurrence of mesenchymal phenotype transition contribute to the miserable prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM). Cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) is upregulated within various malignancies and associated with cancer development and progression, while the implications of CCN1 in the phenotype transition and tumorigenicity of GSCs remain unclear.MethodsData for bioinformatic analysis were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. A range of primary GBM and GSC cell models were then used to demonstrate the regulatory role of CCN1 via the phenotype validation, tumor sphere formation assays, extreme limiting dilution assays (ELDA), and transwell assays. To screen out the downstream signaling pathway, we employed high‐throughput RNA‐seq. Intracranial xenograft GSC mouse models were used to investigate the role of CCN1 in vivo.ResultsAmong the CCN family members, CCN1 was highly expressed in MES‐GBM/GSCs and was correlated with a poor prognosis. Both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that knockdown of CCN1 in MES‐GSCs reduced the tumor stemness, proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenicity, whereas CCN1 overexpression in PN‐GSCs exhibited the opposite effects. Mechanistically, CCN1 triggered the FAK/STAT3 signaling in autocrine and paracrine manners to upregulate the expression of S100A8. Knockdown of S100A8 inactivated NF‐κB/p65 pathway and significantly suppressed the tumorigenesis of MES‐GSCs.ConclusionOur findings reveal that CCN1 may be an important factor in the enhanced invasiveness and MES phenotype transition of GSCs and highlight the potential to target CCN1 for treating GBM.
Homomorphisms and Embeddings of STRIPS Planning Models
Authors: Lequen Arnaud , Cooper Martin C. , Maris Frédéric 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDetermining whether two STRIPS planning instances are isomorphic is the simplest form of comparison between planning instances. It is also a particular case of the problem concerned with finding an isomorphism between a planning instance and a sub‐instance of another instance . One application of such a mapping is to efficiently produce a compiled form containing all solutions to from a compiled form containing all solutions to . We also introduce the notion of embedding from an instance to another instance , which allows us to deduce that has no solution‐plan if is unsolvable. In this paper, we study the complexity of these problems. We show that the first is GI‐complete and can thus be solved, in theory, in quasi‐polynomial time. While we prove the remaining problems to be NP‐complete, we propose an algorithm to build an isomorphism when possible. We report extensive experimental trials on benchmark problems that demonstrate conclusively that applying constraint propagation in preprocessing can greatly improve the efficiency of a SAT solver.
A ViT‐Based Adaptive Recurrent Mobilenet With Attention Network for Video Compression and Bit‐Rate Reduction Using Improved Heuristic Approach Under Versatile Video Coding
Authors: Padmapriya D. , Roseline A Ameelia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVideo compression received attention from the communities of video processing and deep learning. Modern learning‐aided mechanisms use a hybrid coding approach to reduce redundancy in pixel space across time and space, improving motion compensation accuracy. The experiments in video compression have important improvements in past years. The Versatile Video Coding (VVC) is the primary enhancing standard of video compression which is also referred to as H. 226. The VVC codec is a block‐assisted hybrid codec, making it highly capable and complex. Video coding effectively compresses data while reducing compression artifacts, enhancing the quality and functionality of AI video technologies. However, the traditional models suffer from the incorrect compression of the motion and ineffective compensation frameworks of the motion leading to compression faults with a minimal trade‐off of the rate distortion. This work implements an automated and effective video compression task under VVC using a deep learning approach. Motion estimation is conducted using the Motion Vector (MV) encoder‐decoder model to track movements in the video. Based on these MV, the reconstruction of the frame is carried out to compensate for the motions. The residual images are obtained by using Vision Transformer‐based Adaptive Recurrent MobileNet with Attention Network (ViT‐ARMAN). The parameters optimization of the ViT‐ARMAN is done using the Opposition‐based Golden Tortoise Beetle Optimizer (OGTBO). Entropy coding is used in the training phase of the developed work to find the bit rate of residual images. Extensive experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed deep learning‐based method for video compression and bit rate reduction under VVC.
Isotopic Niche Size and Niche Overlap of Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Reflect Trophic Position and Dissolved Oxygen Patterns in Lakes
Authors: McNulty Dylan J. , Gallagher David J. , Kangas Sara M. , Johnson Payton E. , Herwig Brian R. , Staples David F. , Zimmer Kyle D. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding patterns of trophic niche overlap in fish communities is important because trophic redundancy can stabilise food webs. δ13C and δ15N in fish can be converted into percent littoral carbon and trophic position, respectively, and subsequently used to estimate isotopic niche size and overlap between species. We hypothesised yellow perch (Perca flavescens) would have the most niche overlap on other species due to their central position in lake food webs and large ontogenetic changes in diet. We also hypothesised variance in niche overlap across lakes would be driven by variance in size structure of perch populations among lakes. Alternatively, variance in perch niche overlap could be driven by food web variables such as mean trophic position. We addressed these questions by sampling fish in 17 Minnesota (USA) lakes. Results showed mean perch niche overlap on other species was significantly larger than all other species, and that perch niche size was positively related to niche overlap. We subsequently found no evidence perch population length structure influenced niche size or overlap, as no metrics of perch size structure were related to either variable. Instead, perch mean trophic position was negatively related to perch niche overlap and marginally related to niche size. Perch mean trophic position, in turn, was positively related to depth of hypoxic water. Our results indicate yellow perch may be important for stabilising lake food webs through high trophic redundancy on other fish species and that the degree of trophic redundancy may be influenced by dissolved oxygen patterns in lakes.
Education and the Future: Four Orientations
Authors: Rasa Tapio 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEducation is inherently entangled with the future. This argumentative review examines this entanglement and proposes a framework differentiating between four educational orientations towards the future. The orientation ‘Futures of education’ examines how education changes in the future: From rhetorical to visionary, these futures are concerned with issues such as educational technology. ‘Education to adapt to the future’ is concerned with how education prepares young people to face projected or unknown conditions and focuses on issues such as future jobs. ‘Education to change the future’ sees learners as having influence on the future and relates to issues such as sustainability and agency. ‘Education about futures’ involves bringing the potential and unpredictability of future into classrooms and is concerned with students' futures literacy. Focusing on questions of educational aims, critical perspectives and technology, literature around these orientations is examined to support more conscious discourse on the relationship between education and the future.
Risk factors for post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography complications in very elderly patients aged 90 years or older—No additional risk
Authors: Manabe Daisuke , Arizumi Toshihiko , Aoyagi Hitoshi , Abe Koichiro , Kodashima Shinya , Asaoka Yoshinari , Yamamoto Takatsugu , Tanaka Atsushi 
Published: December 2024

AimIn recent years, the majority of patients eligible for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) have been aged ≥75 years. We investigated ERCP safety in very elderly patients (aged ≥90 years).MethodsWe included patients aged ≥75 years who underwent ERCP between January 2015 and December 2020. We compared background factors, comorbidities, ERCP indications, complications, and outcomes and identified risk factors for complications using binary logistic regression and inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity scores.ResultsThe study included 1344 patients aged ≥75 years (137 and 1207 very elderly and elderly patients, respectively). The very elderly group had more women, less frequent diabetes, fewer antithrombotic medications, more frequent parapapillary diverticulum, less frequent post‐cholecystectomy, and worse performance status. No significant differences were observed in the ERCP indications. Experienced endoscopists were likely to perform the procedure, and the procedure time was shorter for the very elderly. Complications occurred in 21 (15%) very elderly patients and 120 (10%) elderly patients, with no significant differences. The very elderly did not have an increased risk of complications but were less likely to be discharged home and had a significantly worse performance status at discharge.ConclusionsERCP could be safely performed in the very elderly, and age did not increase the risk of complications. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 54–60.
Causal association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment contributes to the muscle–brain axis: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Duan Lincheng , Li Haoming , Li Shiyin , Shi Yue , Feng Yue 
Published: December 2024

AimThere is a growing body of evidence suggesting a correlation between sarcopenia (SP) and cognitive impairment (CI), but with conflict. This study employed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to ascertain the causality between SP and CI.MethodThis study looked at whether there might be causality between SP and CI by using a bidirectional MR analysis on the GWAS summary datasets, which anyone can publicly access. The primary analysis employed inverse variance weighting (IVW), with MR‐Egger, weighted median, and mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR‐PRESSO) serving as supplements. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed to enhance the stability of the results, which encompassed heterogeneity tests and pleiotropy tests.ResultsAppendicular lean mass (ALM), walking pace (WP), and grip strength (GS) were found to be causally connected to cognitive performance in forward MR analysis. In the reverse MR study, cognitive performance also had a causal impact on ALM and WP. Additionally, we discovered comparable outcomes in the replication samples, which strengthens the validity of our findings.ConclusionsThe results of our MR investigation revealed a definitive cause‐and‐effect association between SP and CI. Our findings provide additional supporting evidence for the muscle–brain axis, which may suggest that muscle strengthening has a significant impact on the management and avoidance of CI. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 116–122.