bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Trial of an Intensive Care Unit–Based Early Discharge Planning Intervention for Critically Ill Elderly Patients
Authors: Kleinpell Ruth M. 
Published: November 2019

• Background Few investigators have targeted elderly patients and monitored outcomes of care in studies on discharge planning interventions after critical illness.
• Objectives To pilot test an intensive care unit–based nursing screening intervention to assist in determining the discharge needs and outcomes of critically ill elderly patients.
• Method A randomized clinical trial with in-hospital and mailed questionnaires was used. Patients 65 years and older who were hospitalized in 1 of 2 intensive care units at 2 midwestern university-affiliated medical centers were recruited for the study. Control patients (n = 53) received usual discharge planning; experimental patients (n = 47) were screened in the intensive care unit by using the Discharge Planning Questionnaire. Both groups were assessed for readiness for discharge when discharged from the hospital and were followed up 2 weeks later with a survey completed at home.
• Results One hundred patients 65 to 90 years old (mean 73, SD 5.78) completed the study. Sixty-six percent were men. The 2 groups did not differ with regard to age, race, sex, severity of illness, lengths of stay in the intensive care unit or hospital, education level, or income. Patients in the experimental group were more ready than patients in the control group for discharge (P = .06). Patients in the experimental group were also more likely to report they had adequate information, had less concern about managing their care at home, knew their medicines, and knew danger signals indicating potential complications.
• Conclusion Intensive care unit–based early discharge planning can affect elderly patients’ preparation for discharge.
Attitudes of Critically Ill Filipino Patients and Their Families Toward Advance Directives
Authors: McAdam Jennifer L. , Stotts Nancy A. , Padilla Geraldine , Puntillo Kathleen 
Published: November 2019

• Background Advance directives are important but often underused tools in critical care. Healthcare professionals’ understanding of how culture influences attitudes toward advance directives can improve knowledge and completion of these documents.• Objective To understand the attitudes of critically ill Filipino American patients and their families toward advance directives.• Methods A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 22 Filipino American patients and 22 Filipino American family members at a West Coast medical center. All patients were admitted for cardiac surgery or cardiac interventions. Participants were interviewed with the Advance Directive Attitude Survey and A Short Acculturation Scale for Filipino Americans.• Results Family members’ scores were significantly more positive than patients’ scores on the attitude survey (P = .01). Family members were more American acculturated than were patients (P = .001). Family members with more education had more positive attitudes toward advance directives (P = .02). Only 2 patients (and no family members) had completed an advance directive before the study. Only 27.3% of family members had prior knowledge of advance directives.• Conclusion Overall attitudes toward advance directives were positive; however, the completion rate and knowledge of advance directives were low. Participants may have been saying what they thought the researcher wanted to hear in order to avoid disagreement. Such behavior could partly explain the positive attitudes of the Filipino Americans toward advance directives. Further research is warranted to understand how to increase completion rates for advance directives among Filipino Americans.
Nurses’ Communication of Prognosis and Implications for Hospice Referral: A Study of Nurses Caring for Terminally Ill Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Schulman-Green Dena , McCorkle Ruth , Cherlin Emily , Johnson-Hurzeler R. , Bradley Elizabeth H. 
Published: November 2019

• Background Although nurses are ideally situated to facilitate communication about prognosis and hospice referral among patients, patients’ family members, and hospital staff, nurses do not always assume this task.
• Objective To identify common obstacles to nurses’ discussions of prognosis and referral to hospice care with terminally ill patients in the hospital setting.
• Methods Data from a previous study were analyzed. In that study, a total of 174 experienced staff nurses working full-time in hospital practice areas where terminally ill patients routinely receive care at 6 randomly selected community hospitals in Connecticut participated. Each nurse completed a self-administered, cross-sectional survey. In this study, the open-ended responses of the nurses were examined by using content analysis and descriptive analysis.
• Results The most common obstacles were unwillingness of a patient or the patient’s family to accept the prognosis and/or hospice, sudden death or noncommunicative status of the patient, belief of physicians’ hesitance, nurses’ discomfort, and nurses’ desire to maintain hope among patients and patients’ families.
• Conclusions The reasons for noncommunication of prognosis and referral to hospice care by nurses are complex. Because limited discussion between clinicians and patients about prognosis and treatment options can reduce the likelihood of referral to hospice care, improved communication skills may result in more referrals and a smoother transition to hospice.
Factors Associated With Prolonged Prehospital Delay of African Americans With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Banks Angela D. , Dracup Kathleen 
Published: November 2019

• Background Delays in seeking treatment for signs and symptoms of acute myocardial infarction are longer for African Americans than for whites.• Objective To determine factors associated with prolonged delay and the extent to which perceived racism influences prehospital delay in African Americans with acute myocardial infarction.• MethodsSixty-one African Americans with acute myocardial infarction were interviewed within 1 month of hospital admission. Delay times were calculated on the basis of the interviews. Independent t tests and χ2 tests were used to determine factors associated with prolonged delays.• Results Median delay was 4.25 hours and did not differ significantly between women and men (4.42 vs 3.50 hours). Most patients (69%) experienced their initial signs and symptoms at home, often witnessed by family members or friends (70%). Delay was longer for insured patients than for uninsured patients (4.45 vs 0.50 hours). Single, widowed, or divorced patients had longer delay times than did married patients (5.33 vs 2.50 hours), and patients with diabetes delayed longer than did those without diabetes (7.29 vs 3.50 hours). Perceived racism did not differ significantly between patients who delayed seeking treatment and those who did not.• Conclusions Median delay times were substantially longer than the recommended time of less than 1 hour, reducing the benefit from reperfusion therapies. Education and counseling of patients and their families should be a major strategy in optimizing patients’ outcomes and decreasing the time to definitive treatment.
Platelets Modulate IFN-γ Production against Candida albicans in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells via Prostaglandins
Authors: Dewi Intan M. W. , Aleva Floor E. , Kullaya Vesla I. , Garishah Fadel M. , de Mast Quirijn , van der Ven André J. A. M. , van de Veerdonk Frank L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Platelets are known to have immunomodulatory properties. They modulate immune responses of leukocytes against various pathogens, including fungi. Candida albicans can cause systemic infection in immunocompromised individuals that is associated with a high mortality and morbidity. In the current study, we explored the role of platelets in antifungal host defense against C. albicans. PBMCs were stimulated with heat-killed (HK) C. albicans in the presence or absence of isolated washed platelets. Cytokines were quantified from culture supernatants by ELISA. Inhibition of platelet receptors and cytokine pathways were used to elucidate the mechanisms involved in platelet–leukocyte interaction. In the presence of platelets, PBMCs produced less IFN-γ upon stimulation with HK C. albicans. This effect was dependent on the direct contact between platelets and leukocytes but was independent of the platelet GPIb and P-selectin receptors. The attenuation of IFN-γ was not a direct effect on T cells but was dependent on the presence of APC and T cells. Platelets did not modulate the Th-1–polarizing cytokines IL-12 and IL-18. The addition of PG (PGE2) further diminished IFN-γ levels in PBMCs, and supplementation of cells with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was able to restore the level of IFN-γ. Overall, we show that modulation of the Th1 response against C. albicans by platelets is dependent on PGs.
Henry Moore in America
Authors: Rose Pauline 
Published: November 2019

Although a quintessentially English sculptor, Henry Moore experienced outstanding success in the United States. A man much admired and revered, he was the natural choice for corporate and civil commissions, with many seeing ownership of his work as an expression of rank and aspiring wealth. The fact that the United States contains the greatest number of his sculptures, as opposed to his home country, cannot simply be attributed to superior spending power. Based on original sources, and containing many previously unpublished images, Pauline Rose's book explores the reasons for Moore's fame in America, and the construction of his American persona. An autonomous, creative genius was a seductive and popular idea for the Americans, a perception encouraged by the photographs, films and writings of him in the press. The impact of Moore's presence was likely even stronger precisely because he did not fulfil the expected traits of either the modern artist or the modern celebrity.
Rose's work focuses on contextual factors surrounding Moore's reception: political and economic imperatives within the United Kingdom and the transatlantic Special Relationship between the United Kingdom and America. Exploring the ways in which Moore was presented to an American audience via text and imagery and the influential network of his supporters which spanned the two countries, this insightful book examines a range of sculptural commissions in key American cities. His popularity is likely to be related to the ambitions of politicians and businessmen alike who perceived Moore's monumental sculptures as expressions of citizenship and humanity, particularly against the backdrop of the Cold War. This text is a valuable and innovative addition to studies on Moore. It will be indispensable to all those interested in twentieth century art history and cultural studies, Anglo-American relations, and the vibrant relationship between text and image.
À bout de souffle
Authors: Fotiade Ramona 
Published: November 2019

One of the most charismatic feature films of the New Wave, À Bout de Souffle (1960) has retained much of its appeal not only as the emphatic statement of a generational break with tradition, but also as Godard's earliest rendition of a set of thematic and stylistic motifs that would become his trademark. Sustained critical attention over almost fifty years has made this a cult film, propelled in part by the memorable coupling of its lead actors, Jean-Paul Belmondo and Jean Seberg, whose story on screen seemed to portray the troubled love affair between French cinema and Hollywood. In this original guide to the film, Ramona Fotiade provides an in-depth analysis of its production and reception contexts, as well as of salient aspects mise-en-scene and editing. She situates À Bout de Souffle in relation to Godard's filmography and critical writings up to 1960, focusing on the elaboration of a narrative and visual discourse that has come to be identified with a distinctive strand in postmodern French cinema.
She also explores the impact of Godard's early counter-narrative and visual strategies on the independent American filmmakers and the French Cinema du Look during the 1980s and 1990s.
Ukrainian Cinema
Authors: First Joshua 
Published: November 2019

Ukrainian Cinema: Belonging and Identity during the Soviet Thaw is the first concentrated study of Ukrainian cinema in English. In particular, historian Joshua First explores the politics and aesthetics of Ukrainian Poetic Cinema during the Soviet 1960s-70s. He argues that film-makers working at the Alexander Dovzhenko Feature Film Studio in Kiev were obsessed with questions of identity and demanded that the Soviet film industry and audiences alike recognize Ukrainian cultural difference. The first two chapters provide the background on how Soviet cinema since Stalin cultivated an exoticised and domesticated image of Ukrainians, along with how the film studio in Kiev attempted to rebuild its reputation during the early Sixties as a centre of the cultural thaw in the USSR. The next two chapters examine Sergei Paradjanov's highly influential Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (1965) and its role in reorienting the Dovzhenko studio toward the auteurist (some would say elitist) agenda of Poetic Cinema.
In the final three chapters, Ukrainian Cinema looks at the major works of film-makers Yurii Illienko, Leonid Osyka, and Leonid Bykov, among others, who attempted (and were compelled) to bridge the growing gap between a cinema of auteurs and concerns to generate profit for the Soviet film industry.
Channel 4
Authors: Hobson Dorothy 
Published: November 2019

In November 2007, Channel 4 will be twenty-five years old. Today, such TV events as the ‘Big Brother/Jade Goody Affair’ have put the channel itself at the centre of public debate. Yet during its foundation years on British screens, Channel 4 was seen as more controversial and dangerous than this. Published for Channel 4’s 25th anniversary, this book explores the channel’s most important foundation period, under its inspirational first Chief Executive, Jeremy Isaacs. Charged by Parliament to be innovative, experimental, and educational, the new channel had to attract audiences and make a space for new voices. Did it fulfill its brief? It also assesses the legacy of the channel and asks: has it changed the nature of British television, and has the enfant terrible grown up, or is it still a youthful rebel? Dorothy Hobson had unique access to Channel 4 and the team involved in developing it, the ITV companies and fledgling independent producers over its foundation years.
Accessibly written, her book uses the words and stories of those involved, and vividly reviews the new channel’s successes, problems, adversities, as well as audiences’ and press responses to television’s new baby and its programmes.
A Century of South African Theatre
Authors: Kruger Loren 
Published: November 2019

“Theatre is not part of our vocabulary”: Sipho Sepamla’s provocation in 1981, the year of famous anti-apartheid play Woza Albert!, prompts the response, yes indeed, it is. A Century of South African Theatre demonstrates the impact of theatre and other performances–pageants, concerts, sketches, workshops, and performance art–over the last hundred years. Its coverage includes African responses to pro-British pageants celebrating white Union in 1910, such as the Emancipation Centenary of the abolition of British colonial slavery in 1934 organized by Griffiths Motsieloa and HIE Dhlomo, through anti-apartheid testimonial theatre by Athol Fugard, Maishe Maponya, Gcina Mhlophe, and many others, right up to the present dramatization of state capture, inequality and state violence in today’s unevenly democratic society, where government has promised much but delivered little.
Building on Loren Kruger’s personal observations of forty years as well as her published research, A Century of South African Theatre provides theoretical coordinates from institution to public sphere to syncretism in performance in order to highlight South Africa’s changing engagement with the world from the days of Empire, through the apartheid era to the multi-lateral and multi-lingual networks of the 21st century. The final chapters use the Constitution’s injunction to improve wellbeing as a prompt to examine the dramaturgy of new problems, especially AIDS and domestic violence, as well as the better known performances in and around the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Kruger critically evaluates internationally known theatre makers, including the signature collaborations between animator/designer William Kentridge, and Handspring Puppet Company, and highlights the local and transnational impact of major post-apartheid companies such as Magnet Theatre.
Validation of carbon isotope fractionation in algal lipids as a pCO2 proxy using a natural CO2 seep (Shikine Island, Japan)
Authors: Witkowski Caitlyn R. , Agostini Sylvain , Harvey Ben P. , van der Meer Marcel T. J. , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Schouten Stefan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere play an
integral role in many Earth system dynamics, including its influence on
global temperature. The past can provide insights into these dynamics, but
unfortunately reconstructing long-term trends of atmospheric carbon dioxide
(expressed in partial pressure; pCO2) remains a challenge in
paleoclimatology. One promising approach for reconstructing past pCO2
utilizes the isotopic fractionation associated with CO2 fixation during
photosynthesis into organic matter (εp). Previous studies have focused
primarily on testing estimates of εp derived from the δ13C
of species-specific alkenone compounds in laboratory cultures and mesocosm
experiments. Here, we analyze εp derived from the δ13C of
more general algal biomarkers, i.e., compounds derived from a multitude of
species from sites near a CO2 seep off the coast of Shikine Island
(Japan), a natural environment with CO2 concentrations ranging from
ambient (ca. 310 µatm) to elevated (ca. 770 µatm) pCO2. We observed
strong, consistent δ13C shifts in several algal biomarkers from
a variety of sample matrices over the steep CO2 gradient. Of the three
general algal biomarkers explored here, namely loliolide, phytol, and
cholesterol, εp positively correlates with pCO2, in agreement with
εp theory and previous culture studies. pCO2 reconstructed from the
εp of general algal biomarkers show the same trends throughout, as well
as the correct control values, but with lower absolute reconstructed values
than the measured values at the elevated pCO2 sites. Our results show
that naturally occurring CO2 seeps may provide useful testing grounds
for pCO2 proxies and that general algal biomarkers show promise for
reconstructing past pCO2.
Mankin, Robert, editor. The Internationalization of Intellectual Exchange in a Globaliz Europe, 1636-1780. Lewisburg : Bucknell University Press ; The Rowman & Littlefied, 2018. LCCN 2017947781. ISBN 9781611487886 (hard back : alk pap ISBN 9781611487893
Authors: Woodward Servanne 
Published: November 2019

Ce volume propose un effort théorique de définitions de la notion de transfert par une série de portraits de ceux que Robert Mankin appelle les « passeurs », généralement des personnes qui dépensent leurs ressources au plaisir intime de désenclaver les savoirs culturels.
Jaucourt, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Staël, Orient, transfert, passeur
Enseigner la Terreur en plurilinguisme et interculturalité : quelles implications pour l’approche historienne des relations entre France, îles britanniques et Amérique du Nord à la fin du XVIIIe siècle ?
Authors: Biagioli Nicole 
Published: November 2019

Partant des manuels d’histoire qui ont bâti et/ou reconstruit l’identité nationale, l’article se concentre sur l’évocation de l’époque révolutionnaire française appelée « Terreur » telle qu’elle apparaît, ou non, dans les nouveaux manuels qui depuis 2005 se sont ouverts à l’histoire mondiale. Il existe plusieurs filières et traitements appropriés à l’âge et au niveau de compréhension des écoliers, jusqu’à la terminale. Dans les classes d’apprentissages de l’histoire en langue étrangère (très majoritairement l’Anglais), la révolution de 1689 en Angleterre, la révolution américaine, la révolution française et la révolte/révolution de St. Domingue prennent des reliefs bien différents du programme scolaire centré sur la France et les départements d’Outremer. L’article évalue les divers équilibres apportés aux manuels et la part de créativité qui revient aux enseignants et aux élèves.
Intraoperative Efficiency in Contemporary Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Is Manual Pressure During Cement Curing Still Necessary With Interference Fit Pegged Glenoids?
Authors: Garbis Nickolas G. , Burr Rebecca G. , Schneider Andrew M. , Murphy Michael , Salazar Dane H. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:No previous data have demonstrated the effect of manual pressure during cement curing on interference-fit glenoid implant fixation in total shoulder arthroplasty. In this study, we examined cement mantle characteristics and implant seating using two different methods of securing an interference-fit glenoid implant with peripheral cemented pegs: a manual pressure technique versus a pressureless technique.Methods:Sixteen cadaveric scapulae were harvested, and their glenoids were prepared for component insertion. Glenoids with an interference-fit central peg were cemented into the peripheral holes and fully seated. Two techniques were employed during cement curing: (1) a manual pressure technique (8 glenoids), which used a static 70 N load application to each implant for 10 minutes; and (2) a pressureless technique (8 glenoids), which used no pressure application, and the implant was left to set without intervention. Each glenoid was subsequently imaged using microcomputed tomography and analyzed for differences in cement mantle characteristics and implant seating.Results:The mean area of cement penetration for the manual pressure technique was not statistically different from the pressureless group (P= .26, valid N = 288). The average implant incongruity after final seating in the manual pressure group was 0.63 mm, compared with 1.0 mm in the pressureless group. A linear mixed effects model with a Kenward-Roger correction was used to compare the two groups, and no significant difference was found (Mdiff= −0.386, 95% confidence interval: −0.978 to 0.206;P= 0.17).Conclusion:Manual pressure of the glenoid component during cement curing yielded no difference in the cement mantle area or final implant seating incongruity compared with a pressureless technique. This knowledge could potentially benefit both the surgeon and the patient by increasing the efficiency in total shoulder arthroplasty surgery.
Od devítky k devítce (útržky z historie fakulty)
Authors: Vojáček Ladislav 
Published: November 2019

Autor na půdorysu krátkého článku sleduje stoletou historii Právnické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity v Brně. Přistupuje k ní jako právní historik, ale též jako pamětník – nejdříve student fakulty a pak s časovým odstupem akademický pracovník. Období od roku 1919 do roku 2019 rozdělil na střídající se dvaceti- a třicetiletá období, oddělená „devítkovými“ roky, které v historii brněnské fakulty hrály klíčovou roli: 1939, 1969 a 1989. Vedle nutných základních „orientačních“ informací v rámci nich připomíná ty stránky fakultní historie, které jsou méně známé nebo z jeho pohledu vnímané příliš jednostranně či jinak zkresleně.