bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Variability of the CO2 System in a Large Coastal Plain Estuary
Authors: Friedman Jaclyn R. , Shadwick Elizabeth H. , Friedrichs Marjorie A.M. , Najjar Raymond G. , De Meo Olivia A. , Da Fei , Smith Juliette L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Chesapeake Bay, a large coastal plain estuary, has been studied extensively in terms of its water quality, and yet, comparatively less is known about its carbonate system. Here we present discrete observations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity from four seasonal cruises in 2016–2017. These new observations are used to characterize the regional CO2 system and to construct a DIC budget of the mainstem. In all seasons, elevated DIC concentrations were observed at the mouth of the bay associated with inflowing Atlantic Ocean waters, while minimum concentrations of DIC were associated with fresher waters at the head of the bay. Significant spatial variability of the partial pressure of CO2 was observed throughout the mainstem, with net uptake of atmospheric CO2 during each season in the upper mainstem and weak seasonal outgassing of CO2 near the outflow to the Atlantic Ocean. During the time frame of this study, the Chesapeake Bay mainstem was (1) net autotrophic in the mixed layer (net community production of 0.31‐mol C m−2·year−1) and net heterotrophic throughout the water column (net community production of −0.48‐mol C m−2·year−1), (2) a sink of 0.38‐mol C m−2·year−1 for atmospheric CO2, and (3) significantly seasonally and spatially variable with respect to biologically driven changes in DIC.
Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Reservoir Storage Reliability, Resilience, and Vulnerability Using a Multivariate Frequency Bias Correction Approach
Authors: Nguyen Ha , Mehrotra Rajeshwar , Sharma Ashish 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRaw simulations of global or regional climate models are rarely used in catchment scale hydrological impact assessment or subsequent reservoir storage change assessment studies. Keeping this in mind, this study uses a frequency bias correction alternative for multiple variables to evaluate the impact of climate change on reservoir storage reliability, resilience, and vulnerability across Australia. The bias‐corrected time series of daily rainfall and temperature are used as inputs to a hydrological model to derive flows and assess change to reservoir storage attributes. A total of six fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project climate models dynamically downscaled using the Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model are used. Streamflow data of 222 high‐quality catchments in near‐natural conditions across Australia are used and change ascertained. The results for the historical climate show that the multivariate frequency bias correction approach outperforms the traditional quantile matching alternative in representing the runoff characteristics related to reservoir storage. For the future climate, the results suggest decrease in the annual mean runoff for most catchments. The proposed approach leads to a smaller decrease in the standard deviation of annual runoff and a reduction in the water supply capability, as indicated by a reduction in reliability and resilience and an increase in vulnerability, to meet the demand in comparison to both raw and quantile matching‐based climate simulations across for most catchments. Overall, a reduction in water supply capability to meet a given demand in the future for most regional climate models and catchments is projected.
Translating the international scientific spinal cord injury exercise guidelines into community and clinical practice guidelines: a Canadian evidence-informed resource
Authors: Hoekstra Femke , McBride Christopher B. , Borisoff Jaimie , Fetterly Mary-Jo , Ginis Spero , Latimer-Cheung Amy E. , Ma Jasmin K. , Maffin Jocelyn , Mah Lorne , West Christopher R. , Willms Rhonda , Martin Ginis Kathleen A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Study design
Knowledge translation (KT) study.

Objectives
To demonstrate how to use systematic, community-engaged methods to (1) translate the international scientific spinal cord injury (SCI) exercise guidelines into community and clinical practice guidelines, and (2) develop supporting resources.

Setting
Canada.

Methods
An expert panel of SCI researchers and stakeholders translated the guidelines and developed a supporting resource, using a KT process guided by an adapted version of the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II Instrument. Pilot tests with end-users were conducted throughout.

Results
The panel recommended (1) the two scientific exercise guidelines be combined and presented in a single message titled “The Canadian SCI physical activity guidelines”; (2) development of an online supporting resource, with educational and motivational information presented in “layers” to address the needs and preferences of diverse end-users. The top layer presents and explains the Canadian SCI physical activity guidelines. The deeper layers include information on benefits, overcoming barriers, activity examples, safety tips, and links to existing resources. Interviews with adults with SCI (n = 8) and survey-data from end-users (n = 90) showed that the guidelines and supporting resource were perceived as clear, useful, and appropriate.

Conclusion
Using community-engaged methods, the two scientific SCI exercise guidelines were combined into one single physical activity guideline message. This KT process provides a template for groups in other countries to translate the scientific SCI exercise guidelines to their local settings using a similar systematic, community-engaged approach.

Sponsorship
Rick Hansen Institute; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
MYC regulates fatty acid metabolism through a multigenic program in claudin-low triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Casciano Jessica C. , Perry Caroline , Cohen-Nowak Adam J. , Miller Katelyn D. , Vande Voorde Johan , Zhang Qifeng , Chalmers Susan , Sandison Mairi E. , Liu Qin , Hedley Ann , McBryan Tony , Tang Hsin-Yao , Gorman Nicole , Beer Thomas , Speicher David W. , Adams Peter D. , Liu Xuefeng , Schlegel Richard , McCarron John G. , Wakelam Michael J. O. , Gottlieb Eyal , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Schug Zachary T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have suggested that fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a key metabolic pathway for the growth of triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs), particularly those that have high expression of MYC. However, the underlying mechanism by which MYC promotes FAO remains poorly understood.MethodsWe used a combination of metabolomics, transcriptomics, bioinformatics, and microscopy to elucidate a potential mechanism by which MYC regulates FAO in TNBC.ResultsWe propose that MYC induces a multigenic program that involves changes in intracellular calcium signalling and fatty acid metabolism. We determined key roles for fatty acid transporters (CD36), lipases (LPL), and kinases (PDGFRB, CAMKK2, and AMPK) that each contribute to promoting FAO in human mammary epithelial cells that express oncogenic levels of MYC. Bioinformatic analysis further showed that this multigenic program is highly expressed and predicts poor survival in the claudin-low molecular subtype of TNBC, but not other subtypes of TNBCs, suggesting that efforts to target FAO in the clinic may best serve claudin-low TNBC patients.ConclusionWe identified critical pieces of the FAO machinery that have the potential to be targeted for improved treatment of patients with TNBC, especially the claudin-low molecular subtype.
Holographic detection of nanoparticles using acoustically actuated nanolenses
Authors: Ray Aniruddha , Khalid Muhammad Arslan , Demčenko Andriejus , Daloglu Mustafa , Tseng Derek , Reboud Julien , Cooper Jonathan M. , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe optical detection of nanoparticles, including viruses and bacteria, underpins many of the biological, physical and engineering sciences. However, due to their low inherent scattering, detection of these particles remains challenging, requiring complex instrumentation involving extensive sample preparation methods, especially when sensing is performed in liquid media. Here we present an easy-to-use, high-throughput, label-free and cost-effective method for detecting nanoparticles in low volumes of liquids (25 nL) on a disposable chip, using an acoustically actuated lens-free holographic system. By creating an ultrasonic standing wave in the liquid sample, placed on a low-cost glass chip, we cause deformations in a thin liquid layer (850 nm) containing the target nanoparticles (≥140 nm), resulting in the creation of localized lens-like liquid menisci. We also show that the same acoustic waves, used to create the nanolenses, can mitigate against non-specific, adventitious nanoparticle binding, without the need for complex surface chemistries acting as blocking agents.
Microglial activation increases cocaine self-administration following adolescent nicotine exposure
Authors: Linker K. E. , Gad M. , Tawadrous P. , Cano M. , Green K. N. , Wood M. A. , Leslie F. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith the rise of e-cigarette use, teen nicotine exposure is becoming more widespread. Findings from clinical and preclinical studies show that the adolescent brain is particularly sensitive to nicotine. Animal studies have demonstrated that adolescent nicotine exposure increases reinforcement for cocaine and other drugs. However, the mechanisms that underlie these behaviors are poorly understood. Here, we report reactive microglia are critical regulators of nicotine-induced increases in adolescent cocaine self-administration. Nicotine has dichotomous, age-dependent effects on microglial morphology and immune transcript profiles. A multistep signaling mechanism involving D2 receptors and CX3CL1 mediates nicotine-induced increases in cocaine self-administration and microglial activation. Moreover, nicotine depletes presynaptic markers in a manner that is microglia-, D2- and CX3CL1-dependent. Taken together, we demonstrate that adolescent microglia are uniquely susceptible to perturbations by nicotine, necessary for nicotine-induced increases in cocaine-seeking, and that D2 receptors and CX3CL1 play a mechanistic role in these phenomena.
Assessing electron transfer reactions and catalysis in multicopper oxidases with operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Macedo Lucyano J. A. , Hassan Ayaz , Sedenho Graziela C. , Crespilho Frank N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHere we propose an experimental setup based on operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to understand why copper-containing oxidoreductase enzymes show exceptional performance as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). An electrode based on carbon nanoparticles organized in mesoporous structures with bilirubin oxidase (BOD) was developed to be used in a home-made operando XAS electrochemical cell, and we probed the electron transfer under ORR regime. In the presence of molecular oxygen, the BOD cofactor containing 4 copper ions require an overpotential about 150 mV to be reduced as compared to that in the absence of oxygen. A second electron transfer step, which occurs faster than the cofactor reduction, suggests that the cooper ions act as a tridimensional redox active electronic bridges for the electron transfer reaction.
Crystal structures of fukutin-related protein (FKRP), a ribitol-phosphate transferase related to muscular dystrophy
Authors: Kuwabara Naoyuki , Imae Rieko , Manya Hiroshi , Tanaka Tomohiro , Mizuno Mamoru , Tsumoto Hiroki , Kanagawa Motoi , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Toda Tatsushi , Senda Toshiya , Endo Tamao , Kato Ryuichi 
Published: January 2020

Abstractα-Dystroglycan (α-DG) is a highly-glycosylated surface membrane protein. Defects in the O-mannosyl glycan of α-DG cause dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies. The core M3 O-mannosyl glycan contains tandem ribitol-phosphate (RboP), a characteristic feature first found in mammals. Fukutin and fukutin-related protein (FKRP), whose mutated genes underlie dystroglycanopathy, sequentially transfer RboP from cytidine diphosphate-ribitol (CDP-Rbo) to form a tandem RboP unit in the core M3 glycan. Here, we report a series of crystal structures of FKRP with and without donor (CDP-Rbo) and/or acceptor [RboP-(phospho-)core M3 peptide] substrates. FKRP has N-terminal stem and C-terminal catalytic domains, and forms a tetramer both in crystal and in solution. In the acceptor complex, the phosphate group of RboP is recognized by the catalytic domain of one subunit, and a phosphate group on O-mannose is recognized by the stem domain of another subunit. Structure-based functional studies confirmed that the dimeric structure is essential for FKRP enzymatic activity.
Hominin-specific regulatory elements selectively emerged in oligodendrocytes and are disrupted in autism patients
Authors: Castelijns Bas , Baak Mirna L. , Timpanaro Ilia S. , Wiggers Caroline R. M. , Vermunt Marit W. , Shang Peng , Kondova Ivanela , Geeven Geert , Bianchi Valerio , de Laat Wouter , Geijsen Niels , Creyghton Menno P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSpeciation is associated with substantial rewiring of the regulatory circuitry underlying the expression of genes. Determining which changes are relevant and underlie the emergence of the human brain or its unique susceptibility to neural disease has been challenging. Here we annotate changes to gene regulatory elements (GREs) at cell type resolution in the brains of multiple primate species spanning most of primate evolution. We identify a unique set of regulatory elements that emerged in hominins prior to the separation of humans and chimpanzees. We demonstrate that these hominin gains perferentially affect oligodendrocyte function postnatally and are preferentially affected in the brains of autism patients. This preference is also observed for human-specific GREs suggesting this system is under continued selective pressure. Our data provide a roadmap of regulatory rewiring across primate evolution providing insight into the genomic changes that underlie the emergence of the brain and its susceptibility to neural disease.
Sleep/Wake Regularity Associated with Default Mode Network Structure among Healthy Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Lunsford-Avery Jessica R. , Damme Katherine S. F. , Engelhard Matthew M. , Kollins Scott H. , Mittal Vijay A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSleep deprivation and disorders are linked to reduced DMN connectivity. Less is known about how naturalistic sleep patterns – specifically sleep irregularity - relate to the DMN, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Additionally, no studies have utilized graph theory analysis to clarify whether sleep-related decreases in connectivity reflect global or local DMN changes. Twenty-five healthy adolescents and young adults (age range = 12–22; mean = 18.08; SD = 2.64, 56% female) completed 7 days of actigraphy and resting-state fMRI. Sleep regularity was captured by the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI) and the relationship between the SRI and DMN was examined using graph theory analysis. Analogous analyses explored relationships between the SRI and additional resting-state networks. Greater sleep regularity related to decreased path length (increased network connectivity) in DMN regions, particularly the right and left lateral parietal lobule, and the Language Network, including the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left posterior superior frontal gyrus. Findings were robust to covariates including sex and age. Sleep and DMN function may be tightly linked during adolescence and young adulthood, and reduced DMN connectivity may reflect local changes within the network. Future studies should assess how this relationship impacts cognitive development and neuropsychiatric outcomes in this age group.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Thermodynamics and Kinetics Analysis Study of Novel Polymers Containing Various Azo Chromophore
Authors: Çanakçı Dilek 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTwo novel polymers containing azo and ether groups were synthesized by oxidative polycondensation in an aqueous alkaline medium by NaOCI oxidants. The azo dye monomers that were polymerized were synthesized by diazotization of 2-amino-4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether and coupling reaction with 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene and 1,3-benzenediol. Structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic studies such as FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H-NMR. Gel permeation chromatography was used to evaluate the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the azo polymers. Furthermore, the surface morphology of the azo monomers and polymers were scrutinized by using scanning electron microscope. To investigate the effect of solvent on absorption, the electronic absorption spectra of the synthesized compounds were measured in six solvents with different polarity. The thermal behaviors of the monomers and polymers were identified by the TG, DTG and DTA techniques. In addition, the Coats-Redfern, Horowitz-Metzger and Broido methods for the determination of the kinetic parameters were used in the kinetic analysis of thermal decomposition of the compounds.
Flavanomarein inhibits high glucose-stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells via targeting spleen tyrosine kinase
Authors: Zhang Nan-nan , Kang Jin-sen , Liu Shuai-Shuai , Gu Si-Meng , Song Zhi-peng , Li Feng-xiang , Wang Li-feng , Yao Lan , Li Tian , Li Lin-lin , Wang Ye , Li Xue-jun , Mao Xin-min 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFlavanomarein (FM) is a major natural compound of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt with protective effects against diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we investigated the effects of FM on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in high glucose (HG)-stimulated human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and the underlying mechanisms, including both direct targets and downstream signal-related proteins. The influence of FM on EMT marker proteins was evaluated via western blot. Potential target proteins of FM were searched using Discovery Studio 2017 R2. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was conducted to enrich the proteins within the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for biological processes. Specific binding of FM to target proteins was examined via molecular dynamics and surface plasmon resonance analyses (SPR). FM promoted the proliferation of HK-2 cells stimulated with HG and inhibited EMT through the Syk/TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) was predicted to be the most likely directly interacting protein with FM. Combined therapy with a Syk inhibitor and FM presents significant potential as an effective novel therapeutic strategy for DN.
Neurosurgical lesions to sensorimotor cortex do not impair action verb processing
Authors: Argiris Georgette , Budai Riccardo , Maieron Marta , Ius Tamara , Skrap Miran , Tomasino Barbara 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is ongoing debate regarding the role that sensorimotor regions play in conceptual processing, with embodied theories supporting their direct involvement in processing verbs describing body part movements. Patient lesion studies examining a causal role for sensorimotor activation in conceptual task performance have suffered the caveat of lesions being largely diffuse and extensive beyond sensorimotor cortices. The current study addresses this limitation in reporting on 20 pre-operative neurosurgical patients with focal lesion to the pre- and post-central area corresponding to somatotopic representations. Patients were presented with a battery of neuropsychological tests and experimental tasks tapping into motor imagery and verbal conceptual verb processing in addition to neurophysiological measures including DTI, fMRI, and MEP being measured. Results indicated that left tumor patients who presented with a lesion at or near somatotopic hand representations performed significantly worse on the mental rotation hand task and that performance correlated with MEP amplitudes in the upper limb motor region. Furthermore, performance on tasks of verbal processing was within the normal range. Taken together, while our results evidence the involvement of the motor system in motor imagery processes, they do not support the embodied view that sensorimotor regions are necessary to tasks of action verb processing.
A novel method for biosynthesis of different polymorphs of TiO2 nanoparticles as a protector for Bacillus thuringiensis from Ultra Violet
Authors: Jalali Elham , Maghsoudi Shahab , Noroozian Ebrahim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were used for biosynthesis of amorphous TiO2 converted to distinct polymorphs (anatase, rutile, mix) under different temperature conditions. Characterizations of TiO2 nanoparticles were performed by using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. Stability of five formulations under ultraviolet (UV) radiation with spore viability and mortality test on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller larvae were investigated. TiO2(mix) showed the highest viabilities of 79.76% after exposure to ultraviolet (UVA385 nm), while viabilities of non-protected spores under these conditions were 41.32%. The mortality of TiO2(mix), TiO2(anatase), TiO2(rutile), TiO2(amorphous) and free spore formulations on second-instar larvae of Ephestia kuehniella were 73.76%, 71.24%, 57.12%, 51.32%, and 50.32%, respectively on the 10th day of the experiment. The obtained results suggest that TiO2(amorphous) does not increase Bt resistance, but both phases of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized (anatase and rutile) through the Bacillus thuringiensis and phase mixture can increase the persistence of Bt to the UV light. Furthermore, the combination of both crystalline phases of TiO2(mix) has the highest performance in improving the Bt resistance.
Effects of image distortion and Hounsfield unit variations on radiation treatment plans: An extended field-of-view reconstruction in a large bore CT scanner
Authors: Bae Yong-Ki , Lee Jeong-Woo , Hong Semie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of image distortion and Hounsfield unit (HU) variation due to the extended field-of-view (eFOV) of the large-bore (LB) computed tomography (CT) on dose distribution. Both home-made inhomogeneity and breast phantoms were scanned at the geometric center position and four different offset positions. We also performed dose optimizations based on different breast phantom CT sets for evaluating the effects of image artifacts on the intensity-modulated radiation techniques. The volume changes were 0.0% to 0.5% in the air, −0.5% to 3.0% in the water, and 4.0% to 5.0% in the high-density material of the inhomogeneity phantom. Both phantoms scanning results indicate that more distortions occurred in the eFOV area due to the biased scanning center. The gamma index differences ranged from 0.87% to 4.87% for the FIF plan and from 0.52% to 6.26% for the VMAT plan. This resulted in decrease of the minimum (7.3–13.1%), maximum (−0.8–2.2%), and mean doses (−0.2–4.4%). We recommend that it should be evaluated whether the applied CT would have an appropriate eFOV range for clinical radiation treatment planning for patients.