bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons learned, challenges and outlooks for decision-making after a decade of experience monitoring the impact of indoor residual spraying in Benin, West Africa
Authors: Akogbéto Martin C , Dagnon Fortuné , Aikpon Rock , OSSE Razaki , Salako Albert , AHOGNI Idelphonse , AKINRO Bruno , SOMINAHOUIN André , Sidick Aboubakar , Tokponnon Filémon , PADONOU Germain Gil 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Since 2008, Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) has been performed in Benin in 19 districts, including 4 in southern Benin, 9 in Atacora, and 8 in Atacora, Alibori and Donga in northern Benin. However, Benin still struggles with questions about IRS cost benefit and epidemiological impact. Lessons learned and challenges from 10 years of IRS in Benin to be shared with the stakeholders involved in vector control implementation for decision-making.Methods: Entomological parameters have been assessed entomological parameters in IRS communes since 2008. In all IRS intervention communes, decreases in human biting rate (HBR) of Anopheles gambiae, blood feeding inhibition and entomological inoculation rate (EIR) as compared to control district have been measured.Results: EIR was reduced by 80-90%, which is encouraging, but should be observed with caution because: (i) the reduction may be insufficient to decrease epidemiological indicators given that the residual EIR in IRS districts is still higher than it is in some regions of stable malaria; (ii) the reduction in EIR is based on comparisons with control communes, but it is difficult to select control areas with the same environmental characteristics as intervention areas; (iii) despite the reduction, half of all mosquitoes that entered IRS-treated houses succeeded in taking human blood meals. Further, there are behaviours among Benin’s population that limit IRS efficacy, including recent data showing that >90% of people are not protected by IRS between 7-10 PM. This is due to the fact that they remain outdoors and that most people are not protected from mosquito bites after 10 PM because they either sleep outdoors without IRS protection or indoors without an ITN. Moreover, people have large amounts of clothing hanging on walls where mosquitoes can rest instead of IRS-treated walls. Finally, other components are important to consider in implementing IRS among which: (i) Vector resistance management strategies are sometimes poorly understood; this is actually different from the need to replace one insecticide with another after the emergence of resistance; (ii) African countries should prepare to finance IRS themselves.Conclusion: To curtail residual malaria transmission, additional interventions able to target vectors escaping IRS should be prioritized.
Taste and smell function in Wolfram syndrome
Authors: Alfaro Raul Andres , Doty Tasha , Narayanan Anagha , Lugar Heather , Hershey Tamara , Pepino M. Yanina Y 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND : Wolfram syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by insulin-dependent diabetes, optic nerve atrophy, sensorineural hearing loss and neurodegeneration. Although olfactory dysfunction, a classical clinical marker of neurodegenerative processes, has been reported in Wolfram syndrome, its use as a clinical marker in Wolfram is limited due to data scarcity. In addition, it is unknown whether Wolfram syndrome affects the sense of taste. METHODS: Smell and taste perception were assessed in participants with Wolfram syndrome (n=40) who were 15.1 ± 6.0 years of age (range: 5.1- 28.7 years) and two sex- and age-matched control groups: one group with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D; n=25) and a healthy control group (HC; n=29). Smell sensitivity was assessed by measuring n-butanol detection thresholds and smell identification by using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Taste function was assessed using NIH Toolbox, which includes the assessment of sucrose (sweet) taste preference, and perceived intensity of sucrose, sodium chloride (salty), and quinine hydrochloride (bitter) both in the tip of the tongue (regional test) and the whole mouth. RESULTS: Smell sensitivity was not significantly different among groups; however, smell identification was impaired in Wolfram syndrome, as reflected by significantly lower UPSIT scores in Wolfram syndrome compared to HC and T1D (P<0.001). Compared to participants in the control groups, participants with Wolfram syndrome had a blunted perception of sweetness and saltiness when taste stimuli were applied regionally (P<0.05), but differences in perceived intensity were no longer significant among groups when taste stimuli were tasted with the whole mouth. Groups preferred similar sucrose concentrations. CONCLUSION : Wolfram syndrome was associated with olfactory dysfunction. However, the olfactory dysfunction was qualitative (related to smell identification) and not secondary to olfactory insensitivity or diabetes, suggesting is arising from dysfunction in central olfactory brain regions. In contrast to olfaction, and despite decreased perception of taste intensity in the anterior tongue, the sense of taste was overall well-conserved in individuals with Wolfram syndrome. Future longitudinal studies of taste and smell perception in Wolfram syndrome will be important to determine the use of the chemical senses as clinical markers of disease progression.
Falciparum malaria from coastal Tanzania and Zanzibar remains highly connected despite effective control efforts on the archipelago
Authors: Morgan Andrew , Brazeau Nicholas , Ngasala Billy , Mhamilawa Lwidiko , Denton Madeline , Msellem Mwinyi , Morris Ulrika , Filer Dayne , Aydemir Ozkan , Bailey Jeffrey , Parr Jonathan , Mårtensson Andreas , Bjorkman Anders , Juliano Jonathan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : Tanzania’s Zanzibar archipelago has made significant gains in malaria control over the last decade and is a target for malaria elimination. Despite consistent implementation of effective tools since 2002, elimination has not been achieved. Importation of parasites from outside of the archipelago is thought to be an important cause of malaria’s persistence, but this paradigm has not been studied using modern genetic tools. Methods : We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the impact of importation, employing population genetic analyses of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from both the archipelago and mainland Tanzania. We assessed ancestry, levels of genetic diversity and differentiation, patterns of relatedness, and patterns of selection between these two populations by leveraging recent advances in deconvolution of genomes from polyclonal malaria infections. Results : We identified significant decreases in the effective population sizes in both populations in the timeframe of decreasing malaria transmission in Tanzania. Identity by descent analysis showed that parasites in the two populations shared large sections of their genomes, on the order of 5 cM, suggesting shared ancestry within the last 10 generations. Even with limited sampling, we identified a pair of isolates between the mainland and Zanzibar that are related at the expected level of half-siblings, consistent with recent importation Conclusions : These findings suggest that importation plays an important role for malaria incidence on Zanzibar and demonstrate the value of genomic approaches for identifying corridors of parasite movement to the island.
Could age increase the strength of inverse association between ultraviolet B exposure and colorectal cancer?
Authors: Purushothaman Vidya Lakshmi , Cuomo Raphael E , Garland Cedric F , Mackey Tim Ken 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Vitamin D has been identified as a potential protective factor the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We expect to see a stronger association of ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure and CRC crude rates with increasing age since chronic vitamin D deficiency leads to sustained molecular changes that increase cancer risk. The DINOMIT (disjunction, initiation, natural selection, overgrowth, metastasis, involution, and transition) model postulates various stages of cancer development due to vitamin D deficiency and the associated latency period. The purpose of this study is to examine this age-dependent inverse relationship globally. MethodsIn this ecological study, a series of linear and polynomial regression tests were performed between country specific UVB estimates adjusted for cloud cover and crude incidence rates of CRC for different age groups. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the association between crude incidence rates of colorectal cancer and UVB estimate adjusting for urbanization, skin pigmentation, smoking, animal consumption, per capita GDP, and life expectancy. Statistical analysis was followed by geospatial visualization by producing choropleth maps. Results The inverse relationship between UVB exposure and CRC crude rates was stronger in older age groups at the country level. Quadratic curve fitting was preferred, and these models were statistically significant for all age groups. The inverse association between crude incidence rates of CRC and UVB exposure was statistically significant for age groups above 45 years, after controlling for covariates. Conclusion The age-dependent inverse association between UVB exposure and incidence of colorectal cancer exhibits a greater effect size among older age groups in global analyses. Studying the effect of chronic vitamin D deficiency on colorectal cancer etiology will help in understanding the necessity for population wide screening programs for vitamin D deficiency, especially in regions with inadequate UVB exposure. The study supports the need for adequate public health programs such as selective supplementation and food fortification.
Pharmacological treatment of apathy in Parkinson’s disease, review of the literature
Authors: Overvliet Geke Marianne , Vlaar Annemarie , Haan Chantal den , Lampe Indrag 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Apathy is a highly challenging factor in the general treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can present a major burden for caregivers. The objective of this study to answer the question of what is known about the current evidence-based pharmacological treatment of apathy, not combined with comorbid depression or dementia, in PD. Methods We searched for publications in online databases (PubMed, Embase.com, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CENTRAL and PsycInfo/Ebsco) and performed a review of the literature. Included trials were based on patients with PD, with a drug intervention and apathy as an outcome measurement. Patients with comorbid dementia, severe depression, or patients after deep brain stimulation were excluded. Results Out of 1767 articles, we included 10 articles with a total of 723 patients who received intervention and 311 patients who received placebo, standard care or were healthy controls. Combining the results of the studies with a focus on favourable significant outcomes and the risk of bias, we would advise rivastigmine as a treatment of apathy in patients with PD, and pramipexole or selegiline in PD patients with apathy without cognitive disturbance. An important limitation of this study is that the included studies show a broad heterogeneity. Conclusions Research is sparse on the topic of evidence-based pharmacological treatment for apathy in PD. Combining the results of the studies with a focus on favourable significant outcomes and the risk of bias, we would advise rivastigmine as a treatment of apathy in patients with PD, and pramipexole or selegiline in PD patients with apathy without cognitive disturbance.
Clinical and brain MR imaging effectively influences the ATP7B genotype of Neurologic Wilson patients
Authors: Wang Juan , Han Yongzhu , Yang Renmin , Yu Xuen , Wu Juncang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective To understand the relationship between the two types of mutations in patients with Wilson disease (WD) and clinical practice, and to search for the clinical biological markers of the two types of mutations. Methods The hospitalized patients, who were in the affiliated hospital of neurology institute of anhui university of traditional Chinese medicine from May 2014 to May 2019, with p. arg778leu or p. pro992leu homozygous mutation type of neurologic WD, were selected and underwent demographic, clinical manifestations, serological indicators and brain MR imaging(MRI) data were analyzed to compare the differences of the two mutant types of neurologic WD. ResultsThe group of 103 patients with neurologic WD join in this research, including p.A rg778Leu mutant WD 65 cases and p.P ro992Leu mutant WD 38 cases. The two types of mutations in the WD demographic, clinical manifestation and most serological index indifference, and brain MRI findings have significant differences, especially the p.A rg778Leu mutant WD damage the thalamus(χ2 =17.834, P<0.001), midbrain(χ2 =12.579, P<0.001) and pons(χ2 =10.605, P=0.001)p.P ro992Leu mutant WD have obvious difference, the results of multivariate analysis were also different (P<0.05). Conclusions The demography, clinical features and serology of neurologic WD have nothing to do with its gene mutation type, and the MRI manifestations of brain are related to its gene mutation type, among which the ATP7B gene p.arg778leu mutation is more likely to involve thalamus, midbrain and pons.
lncRNA-Associated ceRNA Networks in Spleen of Nocth1-correlated T-ALL Leukemia Mice
Authors: Shi Min , Wang Shaohua , Li Xiaofei , Li Yongjun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Acute T-lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor in leukemia. Nocth1 is considered as an major oncogene in the development of T-ALL. Increasing evidences have revealed that the occurrence and progression of T-ALL referred to abnormal gene expression, pathway activation and the regulation between these genes. However, the potential lncRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network involved in spleen of Nocth1-correlated T-ALL leukemia mice remains unclear. Methods Overexpression of Notch intracellular domain (ICN) of Notch1 by retroviral infection was used to set up mouse T-ALL model. Deep RNA-sequencing analysis was performed the expression of lncRNAs and mRNA in spleen of T-ALL mice and C57BL/6 mice.Results The deep RNA-sequencing analysis shown that 1833 lncRNAs and 4626 mRNAs were deregulated according to the P-value (p<0.05) and fold change (>2-fold) in spleen of T-ALL leukemia mice compared with that of C57BL/6 mice. Gene Ontology(GO) and KEGG pathway analysis were performed to reveal the potential roles of differentiated expressed lncRNAs. Co-expression Network was performed to reveal the regulation relationship between the differentiated expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. CeRNA prediction constructed the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA model to find the core ceRNA based on regression model analysis and seed sequence matching methods. Conclusion This study provided a systematic overview of the altered lncRNAs and mRNA expression, pathway and ceRNA regulation network in the pathogenesis of Nocth1-correlated T-ALL.
Full-term low birth weight infants have differentially hypermethylated DNA related to immune system and organ growth: A comparison with full-term normal birth weight infant
Authors: Hayashi Ikuyo , Yamaguchi Ken , Sumitomo Masahiro , Takakura Kenji , Nagai Narumi , Sakane Naoki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health issue as it results in a higher risk of non-communicable diseases throughout life. However, the genome-wide DNA methylation patterns of LBW full-term infants (FT-LBWs) are still unclear. The aim of this exploratory study was to compare differences in DNA methylation between FT-LBWs and normal birth weight full-term infants (FT-NBWs) whose mothers were non-smokers and non-complication. Results: A total of 702 Japanese singleton pregnancies were recruited. The prevalence of preterm LBW and FT-LBW was 3.4% and 6.1%, respectively. Four FT-LBWs and five FT-NBWs were selected, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis including 862,260 methylation CpGs was performed. 483 hyper-differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and 35 hypo-DMGs were identified in FT-LBW promoter regions. Hyper-DMGs were annotated to 11 biological processes; intriguingly, “macrophage differentiation” (e.g., CASP8 ), “apoptotic mitochondrial changes” (e.g., BH3 ) , “nucleotide-excision repair” (e.g., HUS1 ) , and “negative regulation of inflammatory response” (e.g., NLRP12 and SHARPIN ) were included within the “immune system” and “DNA metabolism and repair” categories. EREG was classified into “ovarian cumulus expansion” within the “organism growth and organization” category. Our data implies that LBW itself could be associated with epigenetic modulation regarding immune system and cell mature.
Diagnostic Test Accuracy of New Generation Tympanic Thermometry in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Dan , Zhang Liyuan , Li Haixia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purposes: The purposes of this review were to compare sensitivity and specificity of the new generation tympanic thermometry under different cutoffs and to give the optimal cutoff. Methods: Articles were derived from a systematic search in PubMed, Web of science, and Embase, and were assessed for internal validity by QUADAS-Ⅱ. The figure of risk of bias was drew by Review Manager 5.3 and data were synthesized by MetaDisc 1.4. Results: Nineteen diagnostic studies, involving 4,639 pediatric patients, were included. The cut-offs varied from 37.0℃ to 38.0℃ among these studies. The cut-off 37.8 was with the highest sROC AUC (0.97) and Youden Index (0.83) and was deemed to be the optimal cutoff. Conclusion: New Generation Tympanic Thermometry is with high diagnostic accuracy in pediatric patients and can be an alternative for rectal measurements.
Evaluation of resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphate adulticides, and kdr genotyping in Ades aegypti populations from Roraima, the Northernmost Brazilian State
Authors: Hayd Ramão Luciano Nogueira , Carrara Luana , Lima Joel de Melo , de Almeida Nathalia Coelho Vargas , Lima José Bento Pereira , Martins Ademir Jesus 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Roraima is the northernmost State in Brazil and makes international borders with Venezuela and Guyana. Although mostly covered by the tropical forests, the urban centers are highly infested with Ae. aegypti and endemic for dengue, Zika and chikungunya. Here we presented the levels of Ae. aegypti infestation and number of arboviruses cases between 2015 and 2018 in the studied localities. We evaluated the insecticide resistance status of Ae. aegypti populations from the capital Boa Vista, two cities in international borders: Pacaraima and Bonfim, and Rorainópolis in the limit with Amazonas State, collected in 2016 and 2018. Methods WHO like tube tests with the pyrethroid deltamethrin (0.05 and 0.12%) and the organophosphate malathion (0.7%) were conducted. Genotyping of kdr mutations, related to resistance to pyrethroids, were performed for the SNP variations in the sites 1016 and 1534 of the voltage gated sodium channel gene (Na V ) with a TaqMan qPCR approach. Results Only Ae. aegypti was present in our collection, meaning that there is still a barrier that Ae. albopictus was still not able to transpose from Amazonas toward Roraima. All Ae. aegypti populations were susceptible to 0.7% malathion in 2016, however mortality dropped to under 90% in Bonfim and Pacaraima in 2018. All populations were resistant to 0.5% deltamethrin in both years. The time that 50% of females suffered knockdown ( Kd T 50 ) under exposition to 0.5% deltamethrin was 3.3-5.9 fold longer in mosquitoes from the populations compared to Rockefeller. Only Pacaraima (2018) remained resistant to 0.12% deltamethrin. The kdr genotyping revealed the absence of the wild-type Na V S haplotype (1016Val + 1534Phe) in populations from Roraima, meaning that all tested individuals had a genetic background for resistance to pyrethroid. The double kdr Na V R2 haplotype (1016Ile + 15434Cys) was under higher frequencies in all populations except Rorainópolis, where this haplotype seems to have arrived recently. Conclusions These results are important to the knowledge about insecticide resistance status of Ae. aegypti populations from Roraima and will help to improve vector control strategies that may be applied to diverse localities with similar conditions.
The effects of different hydrostaticpressures on gene expression in vertebral cartilage endplate cells
Authors: Sun Qi , Liu Gen-Zhe , Chen Jiang , Zhu Yong-Gang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : The nutrients of the intervertebral disc are mainly provided through penetration from the cartilage endplate, and the stable functional status of the cartilage cells directly influences the function of the cartilage endplate. However, there is no study on gene expression in endplate cells under varying pressure conditions. Knowledge of anabolic/catabolic metabolic alterations of cartilage endplate cells in response to various magnitudes and durations of compression is important to alleviate IVD degeneration through maintenance of extracellular matrix homeostasis and the repair of endplate cartilage. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of compression on gene expression in vertebral cartilage endplate cells in vitro through a hydrostatic pressure system. Methods : Rabbit vertebral cartilage endplate cells were exposed to hydrostatic pressure at 0.1, 0.7, 2 and 4 MPa for 4 or 24 hours. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the gene expression of inflammation (iNOS, COX-2), matrix metabolism (MMP-3), anticatabolic metabolism (TIMP-1), and anabolic metabolism (aggrecan). Results : Decreased magnitude and duration showed more anticatabolic/anabolic metabolism gene expression, whereas increased duration resulted in increased catabolic gene expression. Conclusions : Low magnitude or short duration of compression demonstrated more anabolic and anticatabolic gene expression, while increased magnitude and duration showed more procatabolic gene expression.