bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coconut Lethal Yellowing-Like Diseases: Insights From Predicting Potential Distribution Under Different Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Aidoo Owusu Fordjour , Cunze Sarah , Guimapi Ritter , Arhin Linda , Ablormeti Fred Komla , Tettey Elizabeth , Dampare Frank , Afram Yayra , Bonsu Osei , Obeng Joshua , Lutuf Hanif , Dickinson Matthew , Yankey Ndede 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Coconut is recognized for its popularity in contributing to food and nutritional security. It generates income and helps to improve rural livelihood. However, there is a rise in the number of plant diseases due to globalization, including lethal yellowing-like diseases (LYD). A clear understanding of climate-suitable areas for disease invasion is essential for implementing quarantine measures. Therefore, we modelled in Maximum Entropy to establish habitat suitability of LYD under current and future climate change scenarios using three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) (1.26, 3.70 and 5.85) for three time periods (2041-2060, 2061-2080 and 2081-2100). The area under the curve value for LYD was 0.98, suggesting that the model’s performance was very good. The predictor variables that most influenced LYD projections were minimum temperature of the coldest month (88.4%) and the precipitation of the warmest quarter (7.3%). Outside its current range, the model projected climate-suitable areas of LYD in Australia, Asia and South America. Our study highlights potential climate suitable and unsuitable areas of LYD, and provides useful information for increasing quarantine measures. Also, the potential expansion of the disease into uninfected areas suggests that future research should focus on the development of resistant or tolerant coconut varieties against the disease.
Fundamental Movement Skill Proficiency and Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Children with Bronchiectasis: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Joschtel Barbara , Gomersall Sjaan , Tweedy Sean , Petsky Helen , Chang Anne , Trost Stewart 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Bronchiectasis is a major contributor to respiratory morbidity and healthcare utilization in children. Children with bronchiectasis exhibit low levels of physical activity (PA) and poor fundamental movement skills (FMS) may be a contributing factor. However, there are no data on FMS’s in this patient group. The current study assessed FMS proficiency in children with bronchiectasis and examined associations with objectively measured PA.Methods: Forty-six children with bronchiectasis (mean age 7.5 ± 2.6 y) were recruited from the Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane. Daily time spent in sedentary activities, light-intensity activities and games, walking, running, and moderate-to-vigorous activities and games was measured objectively using the ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer. The raw accelerometer data were processed into PA metrics using a random forest PA classification algorithm specifically developed for children. FMS were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development 2nd Edition (TGMD-2).Results: Fewer than 5% of children demonstrated mastery in the run, gallop, hop, and leap; while fewer than 10% demonstrated mastery for the two-handed strike, overarm throw, and underarm throw. The mean Gross Motor Quotient of 82.7 ± 12.8 indicated that, as a group, FMS performance was well below average.Only eight of the 46 children (17.4%) achieved their age equivalency for locomotor skills, while just four (8.7%) achieved their age equivalency for object control skills. Children achieving their age equivalency for FMS exhibited significantly higher levels of PA than children not achieving their age equivalency (51.7 vs 36.7 min/day). When examined by the five activity classes predicted by the random forest PA classification algorithm, children achieving their age equivalency exhibited significantly greater participation moderate-to-vigorous intensity activities and games (22.1 vs 10.7 min/day). No significant differences were observed for sedentary activities, light-intensity activities and games, walking, and running.Conclusion: Children with bronchiectasis exhibit significant delays in their FMS development. However, those who meet their age equivalency for FMS proficiency participate in significantly more daily MVPA than children who do not meet their age-equivalency. Therapeutic exercise programs designed to improve FMS proficiency are thus likely to be beneficial in this patient group.
Design of A Multi-Epitope Protein Vaccine Against Herpes Simplex Virus, Human Papillomavirus and Chlamydia Trachomatis as the Main Causes of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Dorosti Hesam , Eskandari Sedigheh , Zarei Mahboubeh , Nezafat Navid , Ghasemi Younes 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have a profound effect on reproductivity and sexual health worldwide. According to world health organization (WHO) 375 million new case of STD, including chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, HSV, HPV has been reported in 2016. More than 30 diverse pathogenesis have identified to be transmitted through sexual intercourse. Of these, viral infections (hepatitis B, herpes simplex virus (HSV or herpes), HIV, and human papillomavirus (HPV) are incurable. However, symptoms caused by the incurable viral infections can be alleviated through treatment. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to antibiotics has increased recent years, in this regard, vaccination is proposed as an important strategy for prevention or treatment of STDs. Vaccine against HPV 16 and 18 suggests a new approach for controlling STDs but until now, there is no prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine have been approved for HSV-2 and Chlamydia trachomatis(CT); in this reason, developing an efficient vaccine is inevitable. Recently, different combinatorial forms of subunit vaccines against two or three type of bacteria have been designed. Results: In this study, to design a combinatorial vaccine against HSV, CT, and HPV, the E7 and L2 from HPV, glycoprotein D from HSV-2 and ompA from CT were selected as final antigens. Afterward, the immunodominant helper T lymphocytes (HTLs) and cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) epitopes were chosen from aforesaid antigens. P30 (tetanus toxoid epitope) as universal T-helper were also added to the vaccine. Moreover, flagellin D1/D0 as TLR5 agonist and the RS09 as a TLR4 ligand were incorporated to N and C-terminals of peptide vaccine, respectively. Finally, all selected parts were fused together by appropriate linkers to enhance vaccine efficiency. The physicochemical, structural, and immunological properties of the designed vaccine protein were assessed. To achieve the best 3D model of the protein vaccine, modeling, refinement, and validation of modeled structures were also done. Docking evaluation demonstrated suitable interaction between the vaccine and TLR5. Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) studies showed an appropriate and stable structure of protein and TLR5. Conclusion: Based on immunoinformatic analysis, our vaccine candidate could potentially incite humoral and cellular immunities, which are critical for protection against HPV, HSV-2, and chlamydia trachomatis. It should be noted that, experimental studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of the designed vaccine.
Study on the Differentially Expressed Genes and Signaling Pathways in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Using Integrated Bioinformatics Method
Authors: Liang Jing , Zhang Xin , Zhao Wenjia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic immune connective tissue disease, which is common in women of childbearing age and easy to cause multiple organ inflammatory injury. The occurrence of prostate cancer is the result of multiple factors and genes, but we have little understanding of the mechanism involved. In this study, we deeply explored and analyzed the existing gene data in GEO database in order to find the key genes and new therapeutic targets of SLE.Results: The expression profile dataset of GDS4185, GDS4888, GDS4889 and GDS4890 containing 99 specimens, 42 cases of SLE patients and 57 cases of normal volunteers, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) website. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different tissues was analyzed by statistical hypothesis T test. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was carried out by the DAVID online tool. KEGG pathway annotation of DEGs was carried out by the KOBAS online computing database. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs were built from the STRING website and Cytoscape software. A total of 839 DEGs were calculated from the four GEO datasets. The GO and KEGG analysis indicated that the functions of DEGs mostly participated in the Osteoclast differentiation, HTLV-I infection, Measles, FoxO signaling pathway, Herpes simplex infection, Primary immunodeficiency, Jak-STAT signaling pathway. The following 14 closely related genes, HERC5, TP53, CDC20, GNB2, GNB4, PPP2R1A, GNAI2, PMCH, SOCS3, HERC6, STAT1, SOCS1, ISG15, IFIT3, were key nodes from the PPI network. These genes may have synergistic or indirect interactions with each other in the process of biological metabolism inducing the pathogenesis of SLE.Conclusion: Mining geo database has great scientific research value. In the future, scientific research must fully excavate a variety of database analysis methods. In this study, the screened candidate genes provide effective theoretical basis for the diagnosis, treatment, expected evaluation and related laboratory research of SLE, which are worthy of further experimental verification.
Visual Assessment of Commercial Drivers in the South West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Vofo Brice , Ayuk Doris , Pe'er Jacob , Chichom-Mefire Alain , Tendongfor Nicholas , Nche Eleanor 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Driving is a visually intensive task. In Cameroon where the burden of road traffic deaths is high, visual assessment is not universally performed before the issuance of driver’s licenses. This study assesses the visual status of commercial drivers (CDs) in the Southwest Region of Cameroon.Methods: This was a cross-sectional community-based study on CDs in Limbe and Buea. Questionnaires were used to assess socio-demographic parameters, the incidence of road traffic crashes (RTCs), and self-reported visual status. Visual acuity (VA) was measured using a standard Snellen chart at 6 meters. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive methods; frequencies, paired Student’s t-test, and Chi-square test.Results: 207 CDs were enrolled. All were male, with a mean age of 41.8 ± 12.1 years. 15.0% had undergone an eye exam prior to licensure, and 3.4% within the past 10 years. VA in the better-seeing eye was less than 6/9 and 6/12 in 14.1%, and 10.6% of CDs, respectively. 75% of CDs with self-reported poor vision and 95% of CDs with VA < 0.5 had a history of an RTC compared to 55.8% of CDs with self-reported good vision and 55.7% of CDs with VA ≥ 0.5 (p<0.05). Injuries from RTCs were more common in CDs with self-reported poor vision (81.1%) and in those with VA<0.5 (90.5%) compared to CDs who self-reported good vision (55.8%) and those with VA ≥ 0.5 (55.7%) p<0.05.Conclusion: A large proportion of CDs did not have a visual assessment before the issuance or renewal of their driver’s licenses. A considerable number had poor vision in their better-seeing eye and suffered more from RTCs and related injuries. The concerned authorities should consider making vision tests a necessary requirement for the obtention of driver’s licenses.
Grid1 Regulates the Onset of Puberty in Female Rats
Authors: Ye Jing , Qin Ping , Li Hailing , Kang Tiezhu , Si Wenyu , Yao Zhiqiu , Liu Ya , Yu Tong , Zhang Yunhai , Ling Yinghui , Cao Hongguo , Wang Juhua , Li Yunsheng , Fang Fugui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether Grid1, encoding the glutamate ionotropic receptor delta type subunit 1(GluD1), influences the onset of puberty in female rats. First, we detected the expression of Grid1 mRNA and its protein in the hypothalamus from infancy to puberty. Second, we evaluated the suppression of Grid1 expression by Lentivirus-Grid1 (LV-Grid1) in primary hypothalamus cells through measuring the expression level of Grid1. Finally, LV-Grid1 was intracerebroventricular injected (ICV) into 21-day-old rats and to investigate the effect of Grid1 suppression on puberty onset in vivo. Results showed that GluD1 immunoreactivity could be detected in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and periventricular nucleus (PeN). Grid1 mRNA levels were the lowest at prepuberty. Treatment of hypothalamic neurons with LV-Grid1 decreased the mRNA expression levels of Grid1 and Rfrp-3 (encoding RFamide-related peptide 3, RFRP 3), but increased that of Gnrh (encoding gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH). After 7 days of ICV LV-Grid1 into rats, the Grid1 mRNA was significantly reduced (by 46%), Gnrh mRNA expression was significantly increased, but Rfrp-3 mRNA levels were decreased. The time of rat vaginal opening (VO) was earlier in the LV-Grid1 group; the concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) in serum were significantly increased; and the ovaries were significantly larger. Our study revealed that Grid1 affects the onset of puberty by regulating the level of GnRH and RFRP3.
Nanoemulsion Formulation of Cold Pressed Neem Oil As a Repellent Against Anopheles Stephensi&nbsp;
Authors: Taheri Mohammadreza , Iman Maryam , Khoobdel Mehdi , Dehghan Omid , Zarei Seyed Mohammad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To formulate a nanoemulsion (NE) from cold pressed neem oil and to compare its repellant activity with normal cold pressed oil and N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) as a standard chemical compound and to improve efficacy of repellency against Anopheles stephensi, through NE formulations.Methods: In this study, complete protection time (CPT) and failure time of samples were evaluated on human subjects using the arm in cage assay, and their values were determined against An. stephensi. The droplet size of the NE were measured with dynamic light scattering. Pseudo ternary phase diagrams were constructed consisting of an emulsion system of an active ingredient (neem oil), surfactant (Tween 80), and water. Two formulations were selected from the isotropic regions and showed particle sizes of 12.3 and 93.9 nm in diameter.Results: The results (expressed in minutes as mean±SD) showed that CPTs of neem oil NE in tween 80, and DEET 20% were 240±39 min and 360±24 respectively. Dose values for Neem oil in formulation and for DEET were 77 μg/cm2 and 308 μg/cm2, respectively. Nano neem oil in tween 80 provided significantly longer protection than normal cold pressed neem oil (P<0.01). The prepared NEs showed high kinetic stability for weeks, without phase separation, sedimentation or creaming. Nevertheless, their droplet size increased slightly over time. Compared to non-formulated neem oil, the NE significantly increased the Repellency of the tested species.Conclusions: NE of neem oil significantly increases the CPT and reduces needed dose values. Hence, neem oil NE can be a good alternative to DEET and other chemical repellents.
Community Acceptance of Reactive Focal Mass Drug Administration and Reactive Focal Vector Control Using Indoor Residual Spraying, a Mixed-Methods Study in Zambezi Region, Namibia
Authors: Roberts Kathryn W. , Gueye Cara Smith , Baltzell Kimberly , Ntuku Henry , McCreesh Patrick , Maglior Alysse , Whittemore Brooke , Uusiku Petrina , Mumbengegwi Davis , Kleinschmidt Immo , Gosling Roly , Hsiang Michelle S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn Namibia, as in many malaria elimination settings, reactive case detection (RACD), or malaria testing and treatment around index cases, is a standard intervention. Reactive focal mass drug administration (rfMDA), or treatment without testing, and reactive focal vector control (RAVC) in the form of indoor residual spraying, are alternative or adjunctive interventions, but there is limited data regarding their community acceptability.MethodsA parent trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of rfMDA versus RACD, RAVC versus RAVC, and rfMDA+RAVC versus RACD only. To assess acceptability of these interventions, we conducted a mixed-methods study that included key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) in three rounds (pre-trial and in years 1 and 2 of the trial), and an endline survey. ResultsIn total, 17 KIIs, 49 FGDs were conducted with 449 people over three annual rounds of qualitative data collection. Pre-trial, community members more accurately predicted the level of community acceptability than key stakeholders. Throughout the trial, key participant motivators included: malaria risk perception, access to free community-based healthcare and IRS, and community education by respectful study teams. RACD or rfMDA were offered to 1,372 and 8,948 individuals in Years 1 and 2, respectively and refusal rates were low (<2%). RAVC was offered to few households (n=72) in Year 1. In year 2, RAVC was offered to more households (n=944) and refusal were <1%. In the endline survey, 94.3% of 2,147 respondents said they would participate in the same intervention again.ConclusionsCommunities found both reactive focal interventions and their combination highly acceptable. Engaging communities and centering and incorporating their perspectives and experiences during design, implementation, and evaluation of this community-based intervention was critical for optimizing study engagement.
Medication Risk Management and Health Equity in New Zealand General Practice: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Leitch Sharon , Zeng Jiaxu , Smith Alesha , Stokes Tim 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDespite an overt commitment to equity, health inequities are evident throughout Aotearoa New Zealand. A general practice electronic alert system was developed to notify clinicians about their patient’s risk of harm due to their pre-existing medical conditions or current medication. We aimed to determine whether there were any disparities in clinician action taken on the alert based on patient ethnicity or other demographic factors.MethodsSixty-six New Zealand general practices from throughout New Zealand participated. Data were available for 1611 alerts detected for 1582 patients between 1 Jan 2018 and 1 July 2019. The primary outcome was whether action was taken following an alert or not. Logistic regression was used to assess if patients of one ethnicity group were more or less likely to have action taken. Potential confounders considered in the analyses include patient age, gender, ethnicity, socio-economic deprivation, number of long term diagnoses and number of long term medications.ResultsNo evidence of a difference was found in the odds of having action taken amongst ethnicity groups, however the estimated odds for Māori and Pasifika patients were lower compared to the European group (Māori OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.63–1.22; Pasifika OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.52–1.49). Females had significantly lower odds of having action taken compared to males (OR 0.76, 95%CI 0.59–0.96).ConclusionThis analysis of data arising from a general practice electronic alert system in New Zealand found clinicians typically took action on those alerts. However, clinicians appear to take less action for women and Māori and Pasifika patients. Use of a targeted alert system has the potential to mitigate risk from medication-related harm. Recognising clinician biases may improve the equitability of health care provision.
Identification of Hub Genes and Pathways With Immune Cell Infiltration in Cholangiocarcinoma by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis
Authors: Yan Ye , Zhao Lihao , Su Huafang , Li Gang , Jiang Sujing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most frequent tumor in biliary tract and the second most common primary tumor of the liver. However, the molecular biomarkers in tumorigenesis of CCA remain unclear. Therefore, we aim to explore the underlying mechanisms of progression and screen for novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Method: The genes expression sequencing of normal and CCA samples were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to build the co-expression network. Gene ontology (GO) as well as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were applied for the selected genes. The protein-protein interactions of these modules are visualized using cytoscape. Furthermore, the significance of these genes was confirmed by survival analysis. The tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) was presented to investigate assess the relationship between the hub genes and the immune cells infiltration.Results: Ten hub genes with CCA development were identified in this study containing CDC20, CCNA2, TOP2A, AURKA, CCNB2, UBE2C, NUSAP1, PRC1, PTTG1 and MCM4. Key genes of CCNB2 and PTTG1 might be potential prognostic biomarkers for CCA. GO analysis indicated the enrichment terms of nuclear division, collagen-containing extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecule binding. KEGG analysis demonstrated that the cell cycle pathway was the significantly altered pathway. There was a negative correlation between TOP2A, AURKA, CCNB2, PRC1 expression and the infiltration of CD4+T cell, while MCM4 expression was positively associated with the infiltration of neutrophil cells. No significant association between CDC20 levels and CD4+T cell, CD8+T cell, B cell, neutrophil, macrophage, or dendritic cell infiltration in CCA, the same as CCNA2, UBE2C, NUSAP1, PTTG1 respectively.Conclusion: These candidate genes may involve in the development of CCA. Our results offer novel insights into the etiology, prognosis, and treatment of CCA.
Effects of intraoperative fluid management on postoperative outcomes after pericardiectomy
Authors: Fang Likui , Zheng Hong , Yu Wenfeng , Chen Gang , Zhong Fangming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The effects of intraoperative fluid management on the patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing pericardiectomy remain unclear. This study explored the relationship between intraoperative fluid management and postoperative outcomes in these patients.Methods We retrospectively studied 92 patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing pericardiectomy and assigned them to the restrictive group and the liberal group according to the intraoperative total fluid infusion rate. Postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the intraoperative total fluid infusion rate and postoperative outcomes.Results There were 46 (50.0%) cases in the restrictive group (2.68 to 7.46 ml/kg/h) and 46 (50.0%) cases in the liberal group (7.47 to 20.55 ml/kg/h). Compared with the liberal group, the restrictive group had significantly lower incidences of postoperative complications and cardiac complications (P=0.005 and P=0.006, respectively). Binary logistics regression analysis also showed the increased risks of postoperative complications (OR, 3.551; 95%CI, 1.192-10.580; P=0.023) and cardiac complications (OR, 5.083; 95%CI, 1.206-21.426; P=0.027) at the liberal group. In addition, the restrictive group had shorter postoperative hospital stay (P=0.026) in comparison to the liberal group.Conclusion In patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing pericardiectomy the intraoperative total fluid infusion rate was significantly associated with postoperative outcomes. Restrictive fluid management strategy could exert positive effects on enhanced recovery after surgery and might be the preferred intraoperative fluid management policy.