bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Questionnaires to Measure Process and Structure of Quality Indicators for Pediatric Nursing
Authors: Forsner Maria , Mörelius Evalotte , Hanberger Lena 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
The quality of nursing care has a significant impact on the outcomes of care. The specific needs of children requiring hospital care make it essential to monitor and compare data not only on the medically oriented outcome measure but also on nursing care, structure, and process, requiring perspectives from registered nurses (RNs) and nurse managers (NMs). Thus, this project aimed to evaluate the structure and process of nursing quality indicators in pediatric hospital care with questionnaires distributed to RN and NM.

Methods:
We developed separate questionnaires for NMs and RNs to assess the process and structure of the quality indicators of breastfeeding, management of pain, venous access, medication management, and provision of a child-oriented environment. Nine NMs and 113 RNs from 9 pediatric wards answered the questionnaires.

Result:
Local guidelines were available for 3 out of the 5 quality indicators: pain management, venous access, and medication management. RNs reported varying levels of adherence to pain management (62%), and venous access management (72%). Satisfaction with the conditions for safe medication management was 90%. Approximately, two-thirds (67%) of RN reported sufficient knowledge regarding the impact of the child-oriented environment and less than half (44%) regarding how to support breastfeeding.

Conclusion:
Structure and process is a prerequisite for quality of care outcomes. This study discloses areas for quality improvement and offers instruments to compare structure and process in pediatric nursing care to discuss with consumers, managers, staff, and other stakeholders.
Psychosocial Problems and Vulnerability to HIV in a Multi-City Prospective Cohort of Young Transgender Women in the United States: A Structural Equation Modeling Study
Authors: Valente Pablo K. , Biello Katie B. , Edeza Alberto , Klasko-Foster Lynne , Kuhns Lisa M. , Reisner Sari L. , Garofalo Robert , Mimiaga Matthew J. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Gender-based stigma contributes to increased HIV prevalence, but little is known about psychosocial mechanisms linking stigma and HIV risk among young transgender women (YTW).

Setting:
This study uses data from Project LifeSkills, a randomized controlled efficacy trial of an empowerment-based HIV prevention intervention for YTW (N = 233). YTW were recruited in Boston, MA, and Chicago, IL, between 2012 and 2015 and completed study assessment visits at baseline and months 4 and 12.

Methods:
Using autoregressive structural equation modeling, we examined whether poor social support and psychological distress at 4 months mediate the prospective relationship between gender-based stigma at baseline and condomless anal and vaginal sex (CAVS) acts at 4 and 12 months; all models were adjusted for treatment arm, HIV serostatus, study site, and sociodemographics.

Results:
Gender-based stigma at baseline was directly associated with increased CAVS at 4 months [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.05 to 1.33)] and 12 months [aIRR = 1.17, 95% CI: (1.02 to 1.34)]. Gender-based stigma was also associated with higher psychological distress at 4 months [b = 0.70, 95% CI: (0.13 to 1.27)], which in turn was marginally associated with increased CAVS at 12 months [aIRR = 1.03, 95% CI: (1.00 to 1.06)]. Contrary to expectations, poor social support at 4 months was associated with decreased CAVS at 12 months [aIRR = 0.40, 95% CI: (0.28 to 0.59)].

Conclusions:
Future HIV prevention interventions with YTW should consider addressing experiences of gender-based stigma and the psychological distress that may ensue from gender-based stigma. More research is needed to understand the influence of poor social support on sexual behaviors in this population.
Educating Nurses on Supported Mirror Viewing for Patients After Amputation and Other Visible Disfigurements
Authors: Freysteinson Wyona M. , Sarbacker Lowine , Gobeli Laura , Tristan Kimberly , Esquela Mary Ann , Wellington Charles , Gonzalez Kimberly Egan , Thayer Virginia Becky , Yeatts Paul E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of our study was to test an educational intervention to improve nurses’ confidence in supporting and frequency of offering a mirror to patients who have recently suffered visible body disfigurement.

Design/Methods
Forty-eight registered nurses who worked in two acute care hospitals took part in a mixed-method one-group repeated-measures (pretest and posttest) research study. The educational intervention included a video, a presentation, and a recorded discussion.

Results
Study participants experienced a significant increase in confidence in supporting and frequency of offering mirrors to patients. An overarching theme from the qualitative analysis was that the nurse participants perceived assisting patients in viewing their changed bodies in mirrors as “an act of compassion.” Four subthemes emerged: (a) seeing mirrors differently, (b) there is only one first time, (c) how can we do this better, and (d) “me too” stories of their own and patients’ difficult mirror-viewing experiences.

Conclusion
Education enhances nurses’ frequency of offering mirrors and supporting patients in mirror viewing after visible disfigurement because of trauma or surgery.

Clinical Relevance
Education provides nurses with the necessary skills to assist patients in adapting to an altered body image.
Smartphone App Stress Assessments: Heart Rate Variability vs Perceived Stress in a Large Group of Adults
Authors: Tyapochkin Konstantin , Kovaleva Marina , Smorodnikova Evgeniya , Pravdin Pavel 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundMultiple studies have shown that the state of stress has a negative impact on decision-making, the cardiovascular system, and the autonomic nervous system [1]. In light of this, we have developed a mobile application in order to assess user stress levels based on the state of their physiological systems. This assessment is based on heart rate variability [2], [3], [4], [5], which many wearable devices such as Apple Watch have learned to measure in the background. We developed a proprietary algorithm that assesses stress levels based on heart rate variability analysis, and this research paper shows that assessments positively correlate with subjective feelings of stress experienced by users.ObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to study the relationship between HRV-based physiological stress responses and Perceived Stress Questionnaire self-assessments in order to validate Welltory measurements as a tool that can be used for daily stress measurements.SettingWe analyzed data from Welltory app users, which is publicly available and free of charge. The app allows users to complete the Perceived Stress Questionnaire and take heart rate variability measurements, either with Apple Watch or with their smartphone cameras.SubjectsTo conduct our study, we collected all questionnaire results from users between the ages of 25 and 60 who also took a heart rate variability measurement on the same day, after filling out the Questionnaire. In total, this research paper includes results from 1,471 participants (602 men and 869 women).MeasurementsWe quantitatively measured physiological stress based on AMo, pNN50, and MedSD values, which were calculated based on sequences of RR-intervals recorded with the Welltory app. We assessed psychological stress levels based on the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) [6], [7].ResultsPhysiological stress reliably correlates with self-assessed psychological stress levels - low for subjects with low psychological stress levels, medium for subjects with medium psychological stress levels, and high for subjects with high psychological stress levels. On a scale of 0-100%, median physiological stress is 48.7 (95% CI of 45.2-50.7%), 56.4 (95% CI of 54.3-58.9), and 62.5 (95% CI of 59.7-66.3) for these groups, respectively.ConclusionsPhysiological stress response, which is calculated based on heart rate variability analysis, on average increases as psychological stress increases. Our results show that HRV measurements significantly correlate with perceived psychological stress, and can therefore be used as a stress assessment tool.
Genomic Diversity of the SARS-CoV-2 in Turkey and the Impact of Virus Genome Mutations on Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Karacan Ilker , Akgun Tugba Kizilboga , Agaoglu Nihat Bugra , Zolfagharian Payam , Aydin Mehtap , Alkurt Gizem , Yildiz Jale , Kose Betsi , Can Nisan Denizce , Ozel Ayse Serra , Altunal Nilsun , Irvem Arzu , Demirkol Yasemin Kendir , Dogan Ozlem Akgun , Doganay Levent , Doganay Gizem Dinler 
Published: December 2020

SummaryCOVID-19 is a viral respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Global efforts of genomic surveillance of the virus give chance to track the spread of the pandemic. Global emergence of some viral mutations called attention and various studies have been suggested about increased infectivity of the virus. Herein, we sequenced viral genomes isolated from 184 patients in Istanbul and analyzed clinical metadata for the investigation of any viral mutation which affects the disease course of the host. We did not detect any viral mutations affecting the disease outcome in our cohort. Besides, we observed intra-host mutations in 76% of the isolates. Insertion/deletion and stop-gain mutations are also significantly less common among intra-host variants compared to consensus viral genome mutations. Longitudinal genomic surveillance is essential for timely detection of any lineages that might affect clinical outcome, the performance of diagnostic assays, or even the immunological escape of the virus.
Molecular Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Carbapenem- and Polymyxin-Resistant Gram-negative Bacterial Infections in Pregnant Women and Infants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sekyere John Osei , Reta Melese Abate 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCarbapenems and polymyxins are last-resort antibiotics used to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, resistance is increasing, even in vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and infants, for whom therapeutic options are limited.MethodUsing a diversity of databases, the literature was searched for studies investigating carbapenem and polymyxin resistance in pregnant women and infants (< 5 years).ResultA final set of 73 manuscripts were used. In almost all countries, carbapenem/polymyxin-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, andAcinetobacter baumanniiinfect and/or colonizes neonates and pregnant women, causing periodic outbreaks with very high infant mortalities. Plasmid-borneblaNDM,blaKPC,blaOXA-48,blaIMP,blaVIMandblaGES-5and ompK35/36 downregulation in clonal strains accelerate the horizontal and vertical transmission of carbapenem resistance in these pathogens. High prevalence of carbapenem/polymyxin resistance and carbapenemases were present in India, China, Pakistan, Thailand, Taiwan, Turkey, Egypt, Italy, USA, South Africa, Algeria, Ghana, and Madagascar. Factors such as antibiotic therapy, prolonged hospitalization, invasive procedures, mother/infant colonization, mechanical ventilation, low-birth weight and preterm state placed infants at high risk of carbapenem/polymyxin-resistant infections. Infant mortalities ranged from 0.2% to 36.8% in different countries.ConclusionUse of polymyxins to treat carbapenem-resistant infections is selecting for resistance to both agents, restricting therapeutic options for infected infants and pregnant women. However, appropriate infection control and antibiotic therapy can contain outbreaks and clear these infections. Antibiotic stewardship, periodic rectal and vaginal screening, and strict infection control practices in neonatal ICUs are necessary to forestall future outbreaks and deaths.HighlightsCarbapenems & polymyxins are last-resort antibiotics used for multidrug-resistant infectionsResistance to these two agents are reported in infants & pregnant womenK. pneumoniae, E. coli, andA. baumanniiare the most common pathogensCarbapenem & polymyxin resistance cause outbreaks with high infant mortalitiesAppropriate treatment & infection control can outbreaks & save lives
Will Proton Pump Inhibitors Lead to a Higher Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Progression to Severe Disease? A Meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Cunye , Chen Yue , Sun Chenyu , Ahmed Mubashir Ayaz , Bhan Chandur , Cheng Ce , Hu Lei , Guo Zhichun , Yang Hongru , Cao Chenyu , Ji Ziwei , Yan Yue , Zuo Yijing , Sun Yiceng , Li Yao , Zhou Qin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious researches on the association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) use and the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 have generated inconsistent findings. Therefore, this Meta-analysis was conducted to clarify the outcome in patients who take PPIs.MethodsWe carried out a systematic search to identify potential studies until November 2020. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I-squared statistic. Odds ratios (ORs) with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by fixed-effects or random-effects models according to the heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses and tests for publication bias were also performed.ResultsEight articles with more than 268,683 subjects were included. PPI use was not associated with increased or decreased risk of COVID-19 infection (OR:3.16, 95%CI = 0.74-13.43, P=0.12) or mortality risk of COVID-19 patients (OR=1.91, 95% CI=0.86-4.24, P=0.11). While it can add risk of severe disease (OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.20-1.99, P<0.001;) and secondary infection (OR=4.33, 95% CI=2.57-7.29). No publication bias was detected.ConclusionsPPI use is not associated with increased risk infection and may not change the mortality risk of COVID-19, but appeared to be associated with increased risk of progression to severe disease and secondary infection. However, more original studies to further clarify the relationship between PPI and COVID-19 are still urgently needed.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals key components controlling spathe color inAnthurium andraeanum(Hort.)
Authors: Osorio-Guarín Jaime A. , Gopaulchan David , Quackenbush Corey , Lennon Adrian M. , Umaharan Pathmanathan , Cornejo Omar E. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTAnthurium andraeanum(Hort.) is an important ornamental in the tropical cut-flower industry. However, there is currently not enough information to establish a clear connection between the genetic model(s) proposed and the putative genes involved in the differentiation between colors. In this study, 18 cDNA libraries related to the spathe color and developmental stages ofA. andraeanumcut-flowers were characterized by transcriptome sequencing technology. For thede novotranscriptome, a total of 114,334,082 primary sequence reads were obtained from the Illumina sequencer and were assembled into 151,652 unigenes. Approximately 58,476 transcripts were generated and used for comparative transcriptome analysis between three varieties that differ in spathe color (‘Sasha’ (white), ‘Honduras’ (red), and ‘Rapido’ (purple)). A large number of differentially expressed genes (8,324) that were potentially involved in multiple biological and metabolic pathways were identified, including the flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways. Our results showed that chalcone synthase (CHS) and flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase (F3’H) were the main genes differentially expressed in the white/red/purple comparison. We also identified a differentially expressed cytochromeP450in the late developmental stage of the purple spathe that appeared to determine the difference between the red- and purple-colored spathes. Additionally, putative MYB-domain protein candidates that could be responsible for the control of the biosynthetic pathway were identified. The results provided basic sequence information for future research on spathe color, which have important implications for breeding strategies in this ornamental.Core ideasRNA-seq was performed on three anthurium varieties.Gene expression was compared for developmental stage and spathe color.Differentially expressed unigenes were identified.Putative MYB-domain protein candidates of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway were identified.
Elucidation of Japanese pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitumDe Candolle) domestication using RAD-Seq
Authors: Premarathne Maddumage Dona Ginushika Priyadarsh , Fukutome Nami , Yamasaki Kazuaki , Hayakawa Fumiyo , Nagano Atsushi J. , Mizuno Hisataka , Ibaragi Nobuo , Nagano Yukio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractJapanese pepper,Zanthoxylum piperitum, is native to Japan and has four well-known lineages (Asakura, Takahara, Budou, and Arima), which are named after their production area or morphology. Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) was used to analyse 93 accessions from various areas, including these four lineages. Single nucleotide variant analysis was used to classify the plants into eight groups: the Asakura and Arima lineages each had two groups, the Takahara and Budou lineages each had one group, and two additional groups were present. In one Asakura group and two Arima groups, the plants were present in agricultural fields and mountains, thus representing the early stage of domestication of the Japanese pepper. The second Asakura lineage group was closely related to plants present in various areas, and this represents the second stage of domestication of this plant because, after early domestication, genetically related lineages with desirable traits spread to the periphery. These results demonstrate that domestication of Japanese pepper is ongoing. In addition, this study shows that spineless plants are polyphyletic, despite the spineless lineage being considered a subspecies of Japanese pepper.
PERFECTO: Prediction of Extended Response and Growth Functions for Estimating Chemotherapy Outcomes in Breast Cancer
Authors: Kurz Daria , Axenie Cristian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding tumor’s evolution under chemotherapy is central in the design of cancer therapy regimens. Drug resistance poses a major obstacle in the battle against most types of cancer and therapy design. Personalized treatments have the potential to offer greater effectiveness and the ability to prevent and circumvent drug resistance. In this study we introduce PERFECTO (Prediction of Extended Response and Growth Functions for Estimating ChemoTherapy Outcomes), a machine learning system capable of extracting the tumor growth function and response under chemotherapy. Exploiting the underlying correlations in the clinical data, the system captures the statistical peculiarities of tumor growth in-vivo without an explicit modeling of tumor microenvironment and expensive clinical investigations. We demonstrate the learning capabilities of PERFECTO in predicting unperturbed tumor growth and chemotherapy tumor growth from multiple clinical breast cancer datasets. We postulate that predictability is the key. Using PERFECTO clinicians will be able to improve treatment plans for patient-specific parameters from individual tumors. Our preliminary experiments on in-vitro, animal and in-vivo datasets, shown that, with a high degree of confidence, PERFECTO is able to estimate treatment effectiveness through an accurate tumor growth response prediction, independent of the breast cancer cell line. This in turn can alleviate the need of ordering extra clinical tests or any extra wait time before treatment initiation.
Bacterial community dynamics during embryonic development of the little skate (Leucoraja erinacea)
Authors: Mika Katelyn , Okamoto Alexander S. , Shubin Neil H. , Mark Welch David B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMicrobial transmission from parent to offspring is hypothesized to be widespread in vertebrates. However, evidence for this is limited as many evolutionarily important clades remain unexamined. There is currently no data on the microbiota associated with any Chondrichthyan species during embryonic development, despite the global distribution, ecological importance, and phylogenetic position of this clade. In this study, we take the first steps towards filling this gap by investigating the microbiota associated with embryonic development in the little skate,Leucoraja erinacea, a common North Atlantic species and popular system for chondrichthyan biology.MethodsTo assess the potential for bacterial transmission in an oviparous chondrichthyan, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the microbial communities associated with the skin, gill, and egg capsule of the little skate, at six points during ontogeny. Community composition was analyzed using the QIIME2 pipeline and microbial continuity between stages was tracked using FEAST.ResultsWe identify site-specific and stage-specific microbiota dominated by the bacterial phylaProteobacteriaandBacteroidetes. This composition is similar to, but distinct from, that of previously published data on the adult microbiota of other chondrichthyan species. Our data reveal that the skate egg capsule harbors a highly diverse bacterial community–particularly on the internal surface of the capsule–and facilitates intergenerational microbial transfer to the offspring. Embryonic skin and external gill tissues host similar bacterial communities; the skin and gill communities later diverge as the internal gills and skin denticles develop.ConclusionsOur study is the first exploration of the chondrichthyan microbiota throughout ontogeny and provides the first evidence of vertical transmission in this group.
Characterization of cell-cell communication in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Lin Yingxin , Loo Lipin , Tran Andy , Moreno Cesar , Hesselson Daniel , Neely Greg , Yang Jean Y.H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 patients display a wide range of disease severity, ranging from asymptomatic to critical symptoms with high mortality risk. Our ability to understand the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells within the lung, and of protective or dysfunctional immune responses to the virus, is critical to effectively treat these patients. Currently, our understanding of cell-cell interactions across different disease states, and how such interactions may drive pathogenic outcomes, is incomplete. Here, we developed a generalizable workflow for identifying cells that are differentially interacting across COVID-19 patients with distinct disease outcomes and use it to examine five public single-cell RNA-seq datasets with a total of 85 individual samples. By characterizing the cell-cell interaction patterns across epithelial and immune cells in lung tissues for patients with varying disease severity, we illustrate diverse communication patterns across individuals, and discover heterogeneous communication patterns among moderate and severe patients. We further illustrate patterns derived from cell-cell interactions are potential signatures for discriminating between moderate and severe patients.