bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term Preoperative Denosumab With Surgery in Unresectable or Recurrent Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Authors: Zhang Run‐zi , Ma Tian‐xiao , Qi Dian‐wen , Zhao Ming , Hu Tongyu , Zhang Guo‐chuan 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThe purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical and oncological results of combination treatment of short‐term preoperative denosumab (the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand inhibitor) with surgery in unresectable or recurrent cases of giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB).MethodsBetween 2016 and 2018, 11 eligible patients (1 man, 10 women, mean age 38.1 years) with grade 3 GCTB were treated with a combination of short‐term (six doses) preoperative denosumab and surgery in a single institution. The clinical, radiological, and pathological alteration after the denosumab treatment were compared. The oncological results of the combination therapy were also recorded. Meanwhile, adverse effects or complications of denosumab, if any, were reported.ResultsThe median follow‐up time after surgical procedure was 30 months (range 13–45 months). After 3–4 denosumab injections, pain relief was observed in all patients. In two spine patients, the neurological status improved after four doses of treatment. Intraoperatively, the margin of the tumor became clear and the intensity of the tumor increased while the blood supply around and within the lesion decreased. Within the lesion, the typically soft and loose tissue were replaced by the tough and dense fibro‐osseous tissue. The mean diameter of the lesion before and after treatment was 61.55 ± 22.49 mm and 51.81 ± 21.12 mm, respectively, and the T‐score was 1.02 (P = 0.32). Variable calcification was observed at the periphery and within the lesion. A total of three patients experienced local recurrence in this study. In the resection group, only one extremity patient had soft tissue recurrence that was treated with en‐bloc excision. In the curettage group, two of three sacral tumor patients had local occurrence. Both refused re‐operation and restarted the monthly denosumab injection thereafter, and the lesions remained stable at the final follow up. Finally, no adverse effects or complications related to denosumab treatment were found.ConclusionFor the unresectable or recurrent GCTB cases, short‐term (six doses) preoperative use of denosumab improved clinical symptoms, decreased the tumor size, and increased the tumor density. The changes in tumors, in turn, simplified the tumor removal manipulation and, subsequently, decreased the local recurrence for the resection surgery. For the curettage, the denosumab‐induced changes had mixed impacts, and shorter term (fewer than six doses) usage may be more appropriate. Our six‐dose regime was deemed safe, while the safety of long‐term use remains unknown.
Increased melanocytic nevi and lentigines in two patients with harlequin ichthyosis
Authors: McKenzie Shanice , Arzeno Julia , Lonowski Sarah , Cheng Carol E. , Hogeling Marcia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn increased number of melanocytic nevi and lentigines have been reported in patients with two types of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI): lamellar ichthyosis and nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. These melanocytic lesions may have clinical and dermoscopic features of atypia, necessitating close surveillance. Here, we report two interesting cases of pediatric patients with harlequin ichthyosis (HI) who developed increased melanocytic nevi and lentigines. These cases are unique in that the patients presented at a younger age and one patient had a darker skin phototype than previously described in the literature.
Effectiveness of nCPAP for moderate preterm infants compared to BiPAP: A Randomized, Controlled Non‐Inferiority Trial
Authors: Lee Mi‐Ji , Choi Eui Kyung , Park Kyu Hee , Shin Jeonghee , Choi Byung Min 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundBilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) has recently been used in preterm infants with respiratory distress as an alternative to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) because, theoretically, BiPAP is thought to be more effective than nCPAP. However, the results of some studies comparing nCPAP with BiPAP as the initial respiratory support were controversial. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical effectiveness and safety of nCPAP with BiPAP at gestational ages of 30+0 to 34+6 weeks.MethodsA total of 93 infants with gestational ages of 30+0 to 34+6 weeks, who presented with respiratory distress within 24 h after birth, were randomized to the nCPAP group or the BiPAP group. The primary outcome was the incidence of treatment failure with these two non‐invasive respiratory support devices. Criteria for treatment failure included any of the following: respiratory acidosis (PaCO2 >65 mmHg with pH <7.2), hypoxia (FiO2 >0.4), or apnea (>2–3 episodes of apnea/h).ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in treatment failure between the two groups (P = 0.576). The risk difference comparing treatment failure rate between nCPAP and BiPAP groups was −4.7% (95% CI: −21.5–11.9).ConclusionsNasal continuous positive airway pressure is not inferior to BiPAP as an initial management of respiratory distress in these premature infants. We therefore conclude that nCPAP can be used as an initial management for preterm infants at gestational age of between 30 and 35 weeks as a substitute for BiPAP.
Tattoo pigment agglomerates measured in commercial ink stock products by computerised light microscopy
Authors: Hutton Carlsen Katrina , Larsen Georg , Serup Jørgen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of clinical complications such as granuloma formation and sarcoidosis is often seen in black tattoos and may be associated with agglomeration of black pigment.AimTo measure count and dimensions of agglomerates in black tattoo inks vs red inks and to compare old inks and new inks of identical brands.MethodExamination was performed by light microscopy (Olympus BX51™) with magnification 40X, immersion oil. Photographs (Jenoptik Gryphax RGB camera) were taken of each ink sample and analysed by ImageJ software; count, area, width, height, circumference and circularity index were measured. Agglomerates were defined as width and height of objects above 800 nm. Twenty‐one new unopened black inks and 17 new unopened red inks were compared. Furthermore, five old black inks and five old red inks, that had been opened and stocked for over 2 years, were compared with new products of the same brands.ResultsBlack agglomerates were area wise and with respect to width, height and circumference significantly larger compared with red agglomerates and more circularly shaped. Count of agglomerates was lower in black inks than in red inks, in accordance with bigger dimensions of black agglomerates. Comparison of old and new inks indicated old inks have larger agglomerates but variable bottle size and storage conditions may have confounded results.ConclusionPigment agglomerates in black tattoo ink stock products were sized larger than agglomerates in red inks. Agglomerates found directly in black inks may predispose to granuloma formation in black tattoos causing sarcoid reaction.
Old Oil Rigs Never Die
Authors: Zeldovich Lina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Offshore oil and gas platforms are among the largest structures humanity has ever built. There are more than 7,500 of them towering up from seas all over the world, according to some recent estimates. As wells dry up and pumping equipment wears down, those structures are likely to become obsolete in the upcoming decades. Those oil wells will have be decommissioned and capped off and the platforms taken down. But taking down an offshore oil platform and the tower that supports it is no simple assignment. It is a massive engineering project that requires state-of-the-art equipment.
Modeling and Simulations of Deteriorated Turbulent Heat Transfer in Wall-Heated Cylindrical Tube
Authors: Vegendla Prasad , Hu Rui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses the modeling and simulations of deteriorated turbulent heat transfer (DTHT) for a wall-heated fluid flows, which can be observed in gas-cooled nuclear power reactors during pressurized conduction cooldown (PCC) event due to loss of force circulation flow. The DTHT regime is defined as the deterioration of normal turbulent heat transport due to increase of acceleration and buoyancy forces. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools such as Nek5000 and STAR-CCM+ can help to analyze the DTHT phenomena in reactors for efficient thermal-fluid designs. Three-dimensional (3D) CFD nonisothermal modeling and simulations were performed in a wall-heated circular tube. The simulation results were validated with two different CFD tools, Nek5000 and STAR-CCM+, and validated with an experimental data. The predicted bulk temperatures were identical in both CFD tools, as expected. Good agreement between simulated results and measured data were obtained for wall temperatures along the tube axis using Nek5000. In STAR-CCM+, the under-predicted wall temperatures were mainly due to higher turbulence in the wall region. In STAR-CCM+, the predicted DTHT was over 48% at outlet when compared to inlet heat transfer values.
A Numerical Study on Ductile Failure of Porous Ductile Solids With Rate-Dependent Matrix Behavior
Authors: Dæhli Lars Edvard Blystad , Morin David , Børvik Tore , Benallal Ahmed , Hopperstad Odd Sture 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This work examines the effects of loading rate on the plastic flow and ductile failure of porous solids exhibiting rate-dependent behavior relevant to many structural metals. Two different modeling approaches for ductile failure are employed and numerical analyses are performed over a wide range of strain rates. Finite element unit cell simulations are carried out to evaluate the macroscopic mechanical response and ductile failure by void coalescence for various macroscopic strain rates. The unit cell results are then used to assess the accuracy of a rate-dependent porous plasticity model, which is subsequently used in strain localization analyses based on the imperfection band approach. Strain localization analyses are conducted for (i) proportional loading paths and (ii) non-proportional loading paths obtained from finite element simulations of axisymmetric and flat tensile specimens. The effects of strain rate are most apparent on the stress–strain response, whereas the effects of strain rate on ductile failure is found to be small for the adopted rate-dependent constitutive model. However, the rate-dependent constitutive formulation tends to regularize the plastic strain field when the strain rate increases. In the unit cell simulations, this slightly increases the strain at coalescence with increasing strain rate compared to a rate-independent constitutive formulation. When the strain rate is sufficiently high, the strain at coalescence becomes constant. The strain localization analyses show a negligible effect of strain rate under proportional loading, while the effect of strain rate is more pronounced when non-proportional loading paths are assigned.
Nonlinear Response of an Inextensible, Free–Free Beam Subjected to a Nonconservative Follower Force
Authors: McHugh Kevin A. , Dowell Earl H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A free–free beam with a compressive follower force applied to one end exhibits interesting flutter and limit cycle oscillation (LCO) responses. Here, the derivation from Lagrange's equations is given for the nonlinear inextensible beam with such a force applied. The inextensibility constraint is met with a Lagrange multiplier added to the Lagrangian, and the beam allowed three rigid body modes in planar motion in addition to its elastic deformation. The Rayleigh–Ritz modal expansion method and the Runge–Kutta method are used to calculate time histories of the forced beam response. This new model is validated against classical results for the stability boundary and new LCO bifurcation diagrams are computed.
Effects of Rectangular Column Flanges in Steel Structures on Motion-Induced Vortex Vibration
Authors: Matsuda Kazutoshi , Kato Kusuo , Ejiri Kazufumi , Cao Nade 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A spring-supported test for a rectangular cross section with the side ratio of B/D = 1.18 (B: along-wind length, D: cross-wind length) was conducted to simulate the phenomenon in a closed circuit wind tunnel at Kyushu Institute of Technology. A new finding was that vibrations were confirmed in the neighborhoods of reduced wind speeds Vr = V/fD = 2 and Vr = 8 (V: wind speed (m/s), f: natural frequency (Hz)). Because the reduced wind speed in motion-induced vortex vibration is calculated as Vr = 1.67 × B/D = 1.67 × 1.18 = 2.0, vibrations around Vr = 2 were considered to be motion-induced vortex vibration. On the other hand, vibrations around Vr = 8 were considered to be Kármán vortex-induced vibrations, because Vr = 1/St = 8.1. St has a Strouhal number of 0.124 measured by wind tunnel test using a rectangular cross section of B/D = 1.18.
In this paper, the authors focused on the wind tunnel model configuration. Rectangular column flanges in steel structures have not usually been taken into account when manufacturing wind tunnel test models. Wind tunnel tests were carried out in order to clarify the effects of rectangular column flanges in steel structures on motion-induced vortex vibration. Spring-supported tests, smoke flow visualizations and measurements of Strouhal number and unsteady aerodynamic lift were performed with or without flanges changing angle of attack. Models were forced-oscillating in smoke flow visualizations and unsteady aerodynamic lift measurements. All wind tunnel tests were conducted in a smooth flow. As a result, it was found that it could be very important to model rectangular column flanges in steel structures for wind tunnel tests, especially bracing members of long-spanned truss bridges from a wind engineering point of view.
Modification of Air Cavity Flow Under Model Hull With Hydrodynamic Actuators
Authors: Pace Matthew V. , Matveev Konstantin I. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Air cavities employed under ship hulls can result in significant decrease of the water frictional drag by reducing the hull wetted area. However, these cavities usually perform well only in a limited range of the ship speed and attitude. In off-design states and in the presence of sea waves, efficient air cavities covering large areas of the hull are difficult to form and maintain. This problem can be potentially addressed with help of hydrodynamic actuators, such as compact hydrofoils, tabs, and spoilers, which can assist with forming and maintaining air cavities under ship hulls. In this study, exploratory tests have been conducted with a simplistic small-scale hull having a bottom recess. Air was supplied into the recess to produce an air cavity, and several actuators were implemented and manually controlled during the tests. Subjected to external water flow, the air cavity under the hull was found to be responsive to variable positions of the actuators. Positive effects on the air cavity produced with specific actuator settings are identified and discussed in the paper. A series of experimental photographs of the air-water interface are shown for various actuator settings. The air flow rates needed to establish and maintain a large air cavity under the model hull are also reported.
Hydraulic Simulation for Calcasieu Lake Area With Small Rivers Using an Immersed Boundary Method
Authors: Yadav Arun , Zhang Ning 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Coupled one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydraulic models using an immersed boundary method (IBM) was developed and implemented for a simple flooding case in a previously published study [1]. In this study, the IBM model was applied for simulations on a real geographical location, which was the Calcasieu Lake and its surrounding area in Southwest Louisiana. The simulation area ranges from the city of Lake Charles on the northern region to Gulf of Mexico on southern region, and two National Wildlife Refuges (NWR) on the east and west regions to the Calcasieu Lake. Calcasieu Lake is the major part of the wetland ecosystem, a simple change in the natural state of the lake, i.e. the change in the water surface elevation or flooding, can have a drastic impact on the ecosystem of its surrounding areas. The flooding to the wetlands is mainly through small rivers connected to the lake. In order to study the effects of coastal flooding to the wetlands, the IBM 1D-2D coupled model was implemented in the simulation package. The main purposes of this study are to: 1) determine the appropriate number of immersed boundary points to be used for this simulation, 2) validate the IBM model using an actual geographical region. Due to the lack of measurement in the small rivers, the validation was conducted by comparing simulated results from IBM model to the results from two non-IBM approaches (i.e., manually carved rivers and no rivers). Data obtained from NOAA and USGS were used for the boundary conditions for the 2D hydraulic model. During the first phase of study, the results from the higher number of immersed boundary points came close to each other which suggested that higher number of immersed boundary points are more precise for calculation. The final comparison of water surface elevation and velocity magnitude proved the accuracy and validity of the simulation package.
Effect of DC Electric Fields on Flame Spread Over Twin Electrical Wires
Authors: Park Jeong , Park Sun Ho , Cha Min Suk , Chung Suk Ho 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The effect of DC electric field on the behaviors of spreading flame over polyethylene (PE)-insulated twin electrical wires was investigated by varying the wire gap (S) and voltage (VDC). The twin flame spreads with the same flame spread rate (FSR) independently when no electric field is applied. With an applied DC electric field, the twin flame interacts such that FSR, flame width, and the leaning direction of interacting twin flames vary appreciably. The spread rate for wire flame with negative voltage (SF–) was larger than that with positive voltage (SF+) during transient period and then the two became the same in a developed region (a quasi-steady spread). Such a flame behavior could be grouped into two: twin flame spread (regime I) and single flame spread (regime II) after the extinction of SF+. Each regime could be categorized into three sub-regimes depending on S and VDC. For small VDC, the flame leaned toward the burnt wire, reducing FSR. With further increasing VDC, FSR increased due to the ionic wind effect and then decreased via the mass loss of molten PE. These non-monotonic behavior of FSR with DC voltage can be attributed the behaviors of molten PE, exhibiting dripping, electrospray, and di-electrophoresis phenomena. For further increased voltage, the flames were extinguished by streamer generation and an electrical short occurred at excessive voltages.
Effect of the Large-Scale Structure on Turbulent Prandtl Number in a Turbulent Shear Layer
Authors: Takamure Kotaro , Sakai Yasuhiko , Ito Yasumasa , Iwano Koji 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We have run a Direct Numerical Simulation of a spatially developing shear mixing layer. The aim of this study is to clarify the influence of the large-scale structure on the turbulent Prandtl number PrT. As a main conclusion, PrT takes a small value (PrT ∼ 0.5) in the dominant region of the large-scale structure. The budget analyses for the Reynolds stress equation and the scalar flux equation revealed that the differences between the momentum and scalar transfer are caused by terms related to pressure (i.e., pressure-strain correlation term, pressure-scalar gradient correlation term, and pressure diffusion terms). Phenomenally, the momentum in the field where a large-scale vortex coexists tends to be transported toward the counter-gradient direction under the influence of pressure, but the scalar is transported toward the gradient direction. As a result, it is thought that the difference in the driving force between the momentum and scalar transport causes the decrease of the PrT.
Frequency Response Characterization for Dynamic Measurement of Pressure
Authors: Papadopoulos George , Bivolaru Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Transducer requirements for making true dynamic pressure measurements point to a miniature point-level sensing element that is exposed to the flow. Meeting this requirement, however, is often challenged by transducer size constraints, integration at the location of measurement, and packaging, especially when one considers applications in harsh environments where protection of the sensing element may be needed. As part of an effort towards the development of a high frequency pressure measurement device for use in harsh environments (ultra-high temperature), an investigation was performed to evaluate the effect of sensing element packaging and geometry at the point of measurement on the dynamic response of a nominal transducer. Frequency and time domain calculations were performed to assess variations on the magnitude and phase between an input signal and a “measured” signal at the sensing element location for a range of probe tip parameters. The results offer insights and metrics that can govern transducer sensing element and probe tip implementation for optimum frequency response and strategies for compensation.
Improved Estimation of Subcooled Flow Boiling Heat Flux for Automotive Engine Cooling Applications
Authors: Vasudevan Sudharsan , Etemad Sassan , Davidson Lars 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Tapping the potential of subcooled flow boiling can be the key strategy for enhanced cooling of modern day internal combustion engines with high specific power. Accurate prediction of the boiling heat flux is a prerequisite for employing such strategy and to avoid stepping into the dangerous film boiling regime. The complexity involved in the boiling phenomena makes it difficult to develop a model that accounts for all the dominant mechanisms. However, boiling models available in literature provide a good estimate of the heat flux within their range of applicability. This work attempts to introduce a blending based on probability of bubble nucleation to blend two different models developed for different boiling regimes. Corroboration of results with experiments show improved estimation of boiling heat flux.
An Effect of Flow Velocity on Propagation Properties of Weakly Nonlinear Waves in Bubbly Flows
Authors: Maeda Taiki , Kanagawa Tetsuya 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The present study theoretically carries out a derivation of the Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers (KdVB) equation and the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation for weakly nonlinear propagation of plane (i.e., one-dimensional) progressive waves in water flows containing many spherical gas bubbles that oscillate due to the pressure wave approaching the bubble. Main assumptions are as follows: (i) bubbly liquids are not at rest initially; (ii) the bubble does not coalesce, break up, extinct, and appear; (iii) the viscosity of the liquid phase is taken into account only at the bubble–liquid interface, although that of the gas phase is omitted; (iv) the thermal conductivities of the gas and liquid phases are dismissed. The basic equations for bubbly flows are composed of conservation equations for mass and momentum for the gas and liquid phases in a two-fluid model, the Keller-Miksis equation (i.e., the equation for radial oscillations as the expansion and contraction), and so on. By using the method of multiple scales and the determination of size of three nondimensional ratios that are wavelength, propagation speed and incident wave frequency, we can derive two types of nonlinear wave equations describing long range propagation of plane waves. One is the KdVB equation for a low frequency long wave, and the other is the NLS equation for an envelope wave for a moderately high frequency short carrier wave.