bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial deletion of p75NTRin large‐diameter DRG neurons exerts no influence upon the survival of peripheral sensory neuronsin vivo
Authors: Qin Zuoheng , Gonsalvez David G. , Wood Rhiannon J. , Daemi Fatemeh , Yoo Sangwon , Ivanusic Jason J. , Coulson Elizabeth J. , Murray Simon S. , Xiao Junhua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is required for maintaining peripheral sensory neuron survival and function; however, the underlying cellular mechanism remains unclear. The general view is that expression of p75NTRby the neuron itself is required for maintaining sensory neuron survival and myelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Adopting a neuronal‐specific conditional knockout strategy, we demonstrate the partial depletion of p75NTRin neurons exerts little influence upon maintaining sensory neuron survival and peripheral nerve myelination in health and after demyelinating neuropathy. Our data show that the density and total number of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in 2‐month‐old mice is not affected following the deletion of p75NTRin large‐diameter myelinating neurons, as assessed by stereology. Adopting experimental autoimmune neuritis induced in adult male mice, an animal model of demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, we identify that deleting p75NTRin myelinating neurons exerts no influence upon the disease progression, the total number of DRG neurons, and the extent of myelin damage in the sciatic nerve, indicating that the expression of neuronal p75NTRis not essential for maintaining peripheral neuron survival and myelination after a demyelinating insultin vivo. Together, results of this study suggest that the survival and myelination of peripheral sensory neurons is independent of p75NTRexpressed by a subtype of neuronsin vivo. Thus, our findings provide new insights into the mechanism underpinning p75NTR‐mediated neuronal survival in the PNS.
Cell Type–Specific Expression Analysis of the Inner Ear: A Technical Report
Authors: Hertzano Ronna , Gwilliam Kathleen , Rose Kevin , Milon Beatrice , Matern Maggie S. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveThe cellular diversity of the inner ear has presented a technical challenge in obtaining molecular insight into its development and function. The application of technological advancements in cell type–specific expression enable clinicians and researchers to leap forward from classic genetics to obtaining mechanistic understanding of congenital and acquired hearing loss. This understanding is essential for development of therapeutics to prevent and reverse diseases of the inner ear, including hearing loss. The objective of this study is to describe and compare the available tools for cell type–specific analysis of the ear, as a means to support decision making in study design.Study DesignThree major approaches for cell type–specific analysis of the ear including fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS), ribosomal and RNA pulldown techniques, and single cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) are compared and contrasted using both published and original data.ResultsWe demonstrate the strength and weaknesses of these approaches leading to the inevitable conclusion that to maximize the utility of these approaches, it is important to match the experimental approach with the tissue of origin, cell type of interest, and the biological question. Often, a combined approach (eg, cell sorting and scRNA‐seq or expression analysis using 2 separate approaches) is required. Finally, new tools for visualization and analysis of complex expression data, such as the gEAR platform (umgear.org), collate cell type–specific gene expression from the ear field and provide unprecedented access to both clinicians and researchers.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 131:S1–S16, 2021
Indications and outcomes of superselective neck dissection: A review and analysis of the literature
Authors: Verma Avanti , Chen Amy Y. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSuperselective neck dissection, defined as dissection of two or less contiguous neck levels, has recently been introduced to reduce surgical morbidity of neck dissection while maintaining favorable oncologic outcomes. The purpose of this review is to report the results of superselective neck dissection when applied to specific settings: the management of regional disease after chemoradiation, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with clinical N0 necks, and high risk papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Competition between Physical Cross‐Linking and Phase Transition Temperature in Blends Based on Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐N‐ethylacrylamide) Copolymers and Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Authors: Liang Weijun , García‐Peñas Alberto , Sharma Gaurav , Kumar Amit , Stadler Florian J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe combination of thermoresponsive polymers and biopolymers is growing due to the multiple benefits, owing to their tunable properties. Numerous works focus on the preparation of materials by chemical cross‐linking, but physical cross‐linking (based on hydrogen bonding) has not been deeply studied. In this context, questions around the hydrogen bonding of physical‐crosslinking and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) need to be addressed, especially when a second comonomer is incorporated. This study is based on the preparation of blends of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐N‐ethylacrylamide) copolymers and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by dissolution, where the LCST‐transition and physical‐crosslinking are studied. The results show a strong effect of the comonomer on the properties in comparison with the CMC, especially for solutions of methanol/water. Low contents of N‐ethylacrylamide (NEAM) can promote physical‐crosslinking and the gelation, avoiding cononsolvency observed for homopolymers. On the other hand, NEAM will disrupt the gelation when the comonomer content is high enough.
FecalNet: Automated detection of visible components in human feces using deep learning
Authors: Li Qiaoliang , Li Shiyu , Liu Xinyu , He Zhuoying , Wang Tao , Xu Ying , Guan Huimin , Chen Runmin , Qi Suwen , Wang Feng 
Published: June 2020

PurposeTo automate the detection and identification of visible components in feces for early diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases, we propose FecalNet, a method using multiple deep neural networks.MethodsFecalNet uses the ResNet152 residual network to extract and learn the characteristics of visible components in fecal microscopic images, acquire feature maps in combination with the feature pyramid network, apply the full convolutional network to classify and locate the fecal components, and implement the improved focal loss function to reoptimize the classification results. This allowed the complete automation of the detection and identification of the visible components in feces.ResultsWe validated this method using a fecal database of 1,122 patients. The results indicated a mean average precision (mAP) of 92.16% and an average recall (AR) of 93.56%. The average precision (AP) and AR of erythrocyte, leukocyte, intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, hookworm eggs, ascarid eggs, and whipworm eggs were 92.82% and 93.38%, 93.99% and 96.11%, 90.71% and 92.41%, 89.95% and 93.88%, 96.90% and 91.21%, and 88.61% and 94.37%, respectively. The average times required by the GPU and the CPU to analyze a fecal microscopic image are approximately 0.14 and 1.02 s, respectively.ConclusionFecalNet can automate the detection and identification of visible components in feces. It also provides a detection and identification framework for detecting several other types of cells in clinical practice.
A deep learning framework for prostate localization in cone beam CT‐guided radiotherapy
Authors: Liang Xiaokun , Zhao Wei , Hristov Dimitre H. , Buyyounouski Mark K. , Hancock Steven L. , Bagshaw Hilary , Zhang Qin , Xie Yaoqin , Xing Lei 
Published: June 2020

PurposeTo develop a deep learning‐based model for prostate planning target volume (PTV) localization on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to improve the workflow of CBCT‐guided patient setup.MethodsA two‐step task‐based residual network (T2RN) is proposed to automatically identify inherent landmarks in prostate PTV. The input to the T2RN is the pretreatment CBCT images of the patient, and the output is the deep learning‐identified landmarks in the PTV. To ensure robust PTV localization, the T2RN model is trained by using over thousand sets of CT images with labeled landmarks, each of the CTs corresponds to a different scenario of patient position and/or anatomy distribution generated by synthetically changing the planning CT (pCT) image. The changes, including translation, rotation, and deformation, represent vast possible clinical situations of anatomy variations during a course of radiation therapy (RT). The trained patient‐specific T2RN model is tested by using 240 CBCTs from six patients. The testing CBCTs consists of 120 original CBCTs and 120 synthetic CBCTs. The synthetic CBCTs are generated by applying rotation/translation transformations to each of the original CBCT.ResultsThe systematic/random setup errors between the model prediction and the reference are found to be <0.25/2.46 mm and 0.14/1.41° in translation and rotation dimensions, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between model prediction and the reference is higher than 0.94 in translation and rotation dimensions. The Bland–Altman plots show good agreement between the two techniques.ConclusionsA novel T2RN deep learning technique is established to localize the prostate PTV for RT patient setup. Our results show that highly accurate marker‐less prostate setup is achievable by leveraging the state‐of‐the‐art deep learning strategy.
Study of out‐of‐field dose in photon radiotherapy: A commercial treatment planning system versus measurements and Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Sánchez‐Nieto B. , Medina‐Ascanio K. N. , Rodríguez‐Mongua J. L. , Doerner E. , Espinoza I. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeAn accurate assessment of out‐of‐field dose is necessary to estimate the risk of second cancer after radiotherapy and the damage to the organs at risk surrounding the planning target volume. Although treatment planning systems (TPSs) calculate dose distributions outside the treatment field, little is known about the accuracy of these calculations. The aim of this work is to thoroughly compare the out‐of‐field dose distributions given by two algorithms implemented in the Monaco TPS, with measurements and full Monte Carlo simulations.MethodsOut‐of‐field dose distributions predicted by the collapsed cone convolution (CCC) and Monte Carlo (MCMonaco) algorithms, built into the commercially available Monaco version 5.11 TPS, are compared with measurements carried out on an Elekta Axesse linear accelerator. For the measurements, ion chambers, thermoluminescent dosimeters, and EBT3 film are used. The BEAMnrc code, built on the EGSnrc system, is used to create a model of the Elekta Axesse with the Agility collimation system, and the space phase file generated is scored by DOSXYZnrc to generate the dose distributions (MCEGSnrc). Three different irradiation scenarios are considered: (a) a 10 × 10 cm2 field, (b) an IMRT prostate plan, and (c) a three‐field lung plan. Monaco's calculations, experimental measurements, and Monte Carlo simulations are carried out in water and/or in an ICRP110 phantom.ResultsFor the 10 × 10 cm2 field case, CCC underestimated the dose, compared to ion chamber measurements, by 13% (differences relative to the algorithm) on average between the 5% and the ≈2% isodoses. MCMonaco underestimated the dose only from approximately the 2% isodose for this case. Qualitatively similar results were observed for the studied IMRT case when compared to film dosimetry. For the three‐field lung plan, dose underestimations of up to ≈90% for MCMonaco and ≈60% for CCC, relative to MCEGSnrc simulations, were observed in mean dose to organs located beyond the 2% isodose.ConclusionsThis work shows that Monaco underestimates out‐of‐field doses in almost all the cases considered. Thus, it does not describe dose distribution beyond the border of the field accurately. This is in agreement with previously published works reporting similar results for other TPSs. Analytical models for out‐of‐field dose assessment, MC simulations or experimental measurements may be an adequate alternative for this purpose.
Clustering method in protocol reverse engineering for industrial protocols
Authors: Shim Kyu‐Seok , Goo Young‐Hoon , Lee Min‐Seob , Kim Myung‐Sup 
Published: June 2020

SummaryAutomation in all aspects of industrial activity is currently needed in today's industries. Networks, which are the most essential elements of automation, have been widely used in industrial sites to realize such needs. However, network security threats and malfunctions at industrial sites can cause considerable physical damage. Damage can be prevented, and threats can be detected through network traffic monitoring. However, industrial protocols use self‐developed protocols to ensure rapid and efficient data transfer, and most self‐developed protocols are private networking protocols. Efficient network traffic monitoring requires a detailed understanding of the structure of industrial protocols. Studies on existing protocol reverse engineering methods for commercial protocols have indicated that there are many limitations in applying these methods to industrial protocols. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method of analyzing the structure of private protocols that can be employed as industrial protocols. This methodology consists of six modules: traffic collection, message extraction, message clustering by size, message clustering by similarity, field extraction, and session analysis. We collect traffic using the Schneider Modicon M580 and demonstrate the validity of the proposed methodology by comparing collected traffic with existing protocol reverse engineering methods.
Effects of a stepwise handovers ISBARQ programme among nursing college students
Authors: Noh Yoon Goo , Lee Insook 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDue to a lack of standardized guidelines, it is necessary to verify the effectiveness of educational programmes for nursing students' systematic handover training.AimsThis study aimed to develop a stepwise nursing handover programme and to examine its effects on awareness of handover Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, communication self‐efficacy and satisfaction with handover education.DesignThis was a single‐group repeated measures ANOVA study.MethodsThis study was conducted in a nursing department, using a convenience sample of 25 senior nursing students from April 2 to June 22, 2018. The programme was divided into lectures, scenario role‐playing and nursing case role‐playing. The research questions were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsAwareness of handover Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, communication self‐efficacy and satisfaction with handover education gradually increased after each step of the programme. The stepwise nursing handover programme, progressing from low to high levels of learning, can be used to improve the nursing handover system and handover communication ability.
Nurses' knowledge, perception and practice toward discharge planning in acute care settings: A systematic review
Authors: Hayajneh Audai A. , Hweidi Issa M. , Abu Dieh Milian W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimDischarge planning (DP) guides patients' transition to out‐hospital services. This systematic review investigates nurses' knowledge, perception and practices of discharge planning.DesignWe conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines.MethodsSearch terms were used to identify research studies published between 1990–2020 across six databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Complete Academic search, Science Direct and Google Scholar. A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria.ResultsNine articles revealed nurses' knowledge, perspectives and practices of discharge planning. Obstacles included low‐level knowledge of patients' activities and discharge; inability to define DP; debates over the timing of beginning, implementing and preparing discharge; patients and their family members' negative attitudes towards DP; and perceiving DP as excessive, time‐consuming paperwork for which the physician is responsible. Better time management during work improves DP in acute care settings.
Self‐knotting of distal end of nasogastric tube—Not an uncommon possibility
Authors: Kumar Sinha Amit , Ahmad Sohail , Rashi Rashi , Kumar Amit , Kumar Bindey 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTImportanceA nasogastric tube is used commonly to decompress the stomach and provide enteral feeding in surgical and medical practice. Sometimes this safe and innocent‐looking tube may lead to unexpected complications. We focus here on the possibility of spontaneous ‘lariat loop’ knotting of the nasogastric tube when some resistance is felt on tube retrieval and describe a method of safe tube removal.Case presentationWe present a case of self‐knotting of a nasogastric tube that was placed to decompress the stomach during the postoperative period after surgical repair of anorectal malformation in a 4‐month‐old boy.ConclusionSelf‐knotting of the distal end of nasogastric tube is an unusual complication with catastrophic sequelae if not addressed properly. If any resistance is felt during nasogastric tube retrieval, self‐knotting of the tube must be suspected.
Effects of parental empathy and emotion regulation on social competence and emotional/behavioral problems of school‐age children
Authors: Meng Kun , Yuan Yizhe , Wang Yali , Liang Jianning , Wang Lijun , Shen Jianfei , Wang Yanyu 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTImportanceParents take the lead in parent–child interactions and their emotion regulation ability and empathy during parenting may be associated with children’s emotional/behavioral problems. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to explore the effect of parental empathy and emotional regulation on social competence and emotional/behavioral problems in school‐age children.MethodsA questionnaire‐based survey was conducted with 274 parents of 8–11‐year‐old children using Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy.ResultsChildren with emotional/behavioral problems (n = 37) had relatively lower social competence than children in a matched control group (n = 37). Compared with the parents of children in the control group, parents of children with emotional/behavioral problems had significantly lower cognitive empathy scores, mainly manifested by low perspective‐taking and online simulation abilities. Mediation analysis showed that parental cognitive empathy had an indirect effect on children’s emotional/behavioral problems through children’s social competence.InterpretationParental empathy may have a subtle influence on the social competence of school‐aged children, which further affects the severity of children’s emotional/behavioral problems.
Prospects for improving future mental health of children through prenatal maternal micronutrient supplementation in China
Authors: Li Ying , Freedman Robert 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTPrenatal micronutrients in pregnant women’s diets, including supplements, have an essential role in fetal brain development and may reduce the risk of mental disorders in offspring. Folic acid, vitamin D, omega‐3 fatty acids, and choline have been investigated for this purpose. Folic acid supplementation throughout pregnancy has well‐established positive effects. Vitamin D, administered to the mother before birth or to the newborn, has also been shown to reduce the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Omega‐3 fatty acids during pregnancy have a more uncertain role, with recent trials questioning a beneficial effect on cognition and attention deficit disorder, despite positive effects on prematurity and neonatal wheezing prevention. Choline supplementation is associated with positive effects on cognition and behavior, including early behaviors associated with the development of autism and schizophrenia. There is no experience yet with COVID‐19, but adverse effects on fetal brain development of most common coronaviruses are mitigated by higher choline levels. Maternal dietary supplementation of nutrients is a benign and inexpensive intervention in pregnancy to prevent life‐long disability from mental illness. Use of dietary supplements in poorer, rural areas of China is below recommendations. Physicians, midwives, and public health officials in China can promote prenatal nutrient supplementation to reduce the future burden of mental illnesses that might be prevented before birth.
Understanding the interplay between factors that influence bone mineral density in CF
Authors: Gur Michal , Bar‐Yoseph Ronen , Diab Giselle , Hanna Moneera , Rozen Geila , Daud Faten , Keidar Zohar , Toukan Yazeed , Masarweh Kamal , Nir Vered , Gut Guy , Hakim Fahed , Bentur Lea 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMultiple factors affect bone mineral density (BMD) in cystic fibrosis (CF). Our aim was to perform comprehensive analyses of parameters potentially contributing to BMD.MethodsA prospective single‐center study assessing BMD, and correlations with multiple parameters including pancreatic status, lung functions, 6‐minute walk test (6MWT), clinical score (modified Shwachman‐Kulczycki [SK] score), vitamin D, nutritional intake, hand grip strength (HGS), habitual physical activity (smart watches), and quality of life (SF‐36 questionnaire).ResultsForty CF patients, mean age 18.3 ± 8.1 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 second 74.7% ± 17.9% predicted. Fifteen (37.5%) and 11 (27.5%) had osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively. BMD was similar in pancreatic sufficient (pancreatic sufficient [PS], n = 15) and insufficient (pancreatic insufficient [PI], n = 25); median hip z score −1.5 ((−2.7)−(+0.2)) vs −1.5 ((−3.5)−(+0.7)), P = .79; spine −0.8 ((−2.2)−(+2)) vs −1.2 ((−4.4)−(+1.5)), P = .39 in PS vs PI, respectively. BMD correlated with HGS (r = .72, P < .001 hip; r = .52, P = .001 spine) and fat‐free mass index (r = .81, P < .001 hip; r = .63, P < .001 spine). BMD z score correlated weakly with SK score and moderately with SF‐36 general health. Data from smart watches, nutrition questionnaires, and 6MWT did not correlate with BMD. In a multivariate model, age and SK score predicted spine z score BMD.ConclusionsA substantial number of CF patients have low BMD. Similar rates in PS and PI suggest that other factors, such as disease severity, may contribute to low BMD. SK and age, which can easily be obtained even with limited resources, were the best predictors of low BMD. Further larger multicenter studies are warranted to evaluate the contribution of multifactorial etiologies to low BMD in CF.
Auxiliary‐information‐based efficient variability control charts for Phase I of SPC
Authors: Abbasi Saddam Akber , Adegoke Nurudeen A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe inclusion of correlated auxiliary variables into the monitoring scheme of quality characteristic of interest has gained notable attention in recent statistical process control (SPC) literature. Several authors have investigated the use of a correlated auxiliary variable for efficient monitoring of variability in Phase II of SPC. This phase is generally used to detect any shifts in the expected behavior of the process parameters which are often estimated from the historical in‐control process in Phase I. However, no study has investigated the performance of auxiliary‐based variability charts in Phase I of SPC. Here, we propose auxiliary‐based dispersion control charts in Phase I of SPC. The auxiliary information is considered in the forms of regression, ratio, exponential, and power‐ratio forms. The performance of the variability charts is evaluated and compared using probability to signal as a performance measure. An illustrative example is also provided to show the application of the charts. This study will provide practitioners with appropriate recommendations on the choice of dispersion charts for Phase I analysis.