bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Ultrasensitive Routine LC-MS/MS Method for Estradiol and Estrone in the Clinically Relevant Sub-Picomolar Range
Authors: Bertelsen Bjørn-Erik , Kellmann Ralf , Viste Kristin , Bjørnevik Anne Turid , Eikesdal Hans Petter , Lønning Per Eystein , Sagen Jørn V , Almås Bjørg 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Current analytical routine methods lack the sensitivity to monitor plasma estrogen levels in breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors. Such monitoring is warranted for premenopausal patients treated with an aromatase inhibitor and an LH-releasing hormone analogue in particular. Therefore, we aimed to develop a routine tandem mass spectroscopy combined with liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS) method for estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) for use in the sub-picomolar range.

Method
Calibrators, quality controls (QC), or serum samples were spiked with isotope-labeled internal standard and purified by liquid-liquid extraction. The reconstituted extracts were analyzed by LC-MS/MS in negative electrospray ionization mode. QCs at 6 levels made from pooled patient sera were used to validate the accuracy, sensitivity, and precision of the method.

Results
We achieved limits of quantification of 0.6 pmol/L (0.16 pg/mL) for E2 and 0.3 pmol/L (0.07 pg/mL) for E1. The coefficient of variation was below 9.0% at all QC levels for E2 (range, 1.7-153 pmol/L), and below 7.8% for E1 (range, 1.7-143 pmol/L). The method is traceable to the E2 reference standard BCR576. Reference ranges for E2 and E1 in healthy, postmenopausal women were obtained, for E2: 3.8 to 36 pmol/L, for E1: 22 to 122 pmol/L. We measured and confirmed ultra-low E2 and E1 concentrations in sera from patients on the aromatase inhibitors letrozole or exemestane.

Conclusion
This ultrasensitive LC-MS/MS method is suitable for routine assessment of serum E1 and E2 levels in breast cancer patients during estrogen suppression therapy. The method satisfies all requirements for measurement of E2 in the clinical setting as stated by the Endocrine Society in 2013.

Precis
We report an ultrasensitive LCMS/MS routine assay that measures pretreatment and suppressed levels of estradiol/estrone during aromatase inhibitor treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer patients.
Atypical basement membranes and basement membrane diversity – what is normal anyway?
Authors: Pastor-Pareja José C. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The evolution of basement membranes (BMs) played an essential role in the organization of animal cells into tissues and diversification of body plans. The archetypal BM is a compact extracellular matrix polymer containing laminin, nidogen, collagen IV and perlecan (LNCP matrix) tightly packed into a homogenously thin planar layer. Contrasting this clear-cut morphological and compositional definition, there are numerous examples of LNCP matrices with unusual characteristics that deviate from this planar organization. Furthermore, BM components are found in non-planar matrices that are difficult to categorize as BMs at all. In this Review, I discuss examples of atypical BM organization. First, I highlight atypical BM structures in human tissues before describing the functional dissection of a plethora of BMs and BM-related structures in their tissue contexts in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. To conclude, I summarize our incipient understanding of the mechanisms that provide morphological, compositional and functional diversity to BMs. It is becoming increasingly clear that atypical BMs are quite prevalent, and that even typical planar BMs harbor a lot of diversity that we do not yet comprehend.
Body surface temperature responses to food restriction in wild and captive great tits
Authors: Winder Lucy A. , White Stewart A. , Nord Andreas , Helm Barbara , McCafferty Dominic J. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
During winter at temperate and high latitudes, the low ambient temperatures, limited food supplies and short foraging periods mean small passerines show behavioural, morphological and physiological adaptations to reduce the risk of facing energy shortages. Peripheral tissues vasoconstrict in low ambient temperatures to reduce heat loss and cold injury. Peripheral vasoconstriction has been observed with food restriction in captivity but has yet to be explored in free-ranging animals. We experimentally food restricted both wild and captive great tits (Parus major) during winter months and measured surface temperatures of the bill and eye region using thermal imaging, to investigate whether birds show rapid local heterothermic responses, which may reduce their thermoregulatory costs when facing a perceived imminent food shortage. Our results of a continuously filmed wild population showed that bill temperature was immediately reduced in response to food restriction compared with when food was available ad libitum, an apparent autonomic response. Such immediacy implies a ‘pre-emptive’ response before the bird experiences any shortfalls in energy reserves. We also demonstrate temporal variation in vasoconstriction of the bill, with bill temperature gradually rising throughout the food restriction after the initial drop. Eye-region temperature in the wild birds remained at similar levels throughout food restriction compared with unrestricted birds, possibly reflecting the need to maintain steady circulation to the central nervous and visual systems. Our findings provide evidence that birds selectively allow the bill to cool when a predictable food supply is suddenly disrupted, probably as a means of minimising depletion of body reserves for a perceived future shortage in energy.
Induction heating for eradicating Staphylococcus epidermidis from biofilm
Authors: Pijls Bart G. , Sanders Ingrid M. J. G. , Kujiper Ed J. , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. 
Published: April 2020

Aims Induction heating is a noninvasive, nonantibiotic treatment modality that can potentially be used to cause thermal damage to the bacterial biofilm on the metal implant surface. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of induction heating on killing Staphylococcus epidermidis from biofilm and to determine the possible synergistic effect of induction heating and antibiotics. Methods S. epidermidis biofilms were grown on titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) coupons for 24 hours (young biofilm) and seven days (mature biofilm). These coupons with biofilm were heated to temperatures of 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C for 3.5 minutes and subsequently exposed to vancomycin and rifampicin at clinically relevant concentrations. Results For the young biofilm, total eradication was observed at 65°C or higher for 3.5 minutes followed by 24 hours of vancomycin 10 mg/l and rifampicin 1 mg/l. For the mature biofilm, total eradication was observed at 60°C for 3.5 minutes followed by 24 hours of vancomycin 10 mg/l and rifampicin 1 mg/l. Total eradication was also observed at 60°C for 3.5 minutes followed by 24 hours of vancomycin 1 mg/l and rifampicin 1 mg/l followed by another thermal shock of 60°C for 3.5 minutes (two thermal shocks). Conclusion Induction heating of Ti6Al4V coupons is effective in reducing bacterial load in vitro for S. epidermidis biofilms. Induction heating and antibiotics have a synergistic effect resulting in total eradication of the biofilm at 60°C or higher for clinically relevant concentrations of vancomycin and rifampicin. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(4):192–199.
Engineering advice in policy making: a new domain of inquiry in evidence and policy
Authors: Cooper Adam C.G. , Marvulli Lorenzo , Black Katie , Holmes John , Mehta Harshal 
Published: April 2020

Background: Academic research on technical advice to policy commonly focuses on social and related policy areas such as health, education and crime (Oliver et al. 2014) and disciplinary advice from science disciplines (Jasanoff 1994; Millstone and van Zwanenberg 2001). Little or no prior research in the social sciences have explored engineering expertise in policy domains where such advice is critical (e.g. energy policy).
Aims and objectives: We aim to establish ‘engineering advice’ as a new domain of inquiry by showing how civil servants view it as distinctive (from ‘science advice’), important and similar to policy making – implying it can clash or complement it.
Methods: 18 qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of officials across a UK ministry were conducted by the authors (all but one of whom were civil servants) in 2012. The qualitative data were thematically coded to address the study aims.
Findings: A majority of officials spontaneously identified engineering expertise as both distinctive and important for their work. There was clear evidence that it both complemented and clashed with policymaking.
Discussion and conclusions: We identified a range of interactions that imply a need to consider styles of management internal deployment of experts within policy organisations as well as the implications for policy making and engineering expertise given the way practices overlap. Further research on the ontological, epistemological nature of engineering as it relates to policy making is needed if governments and therefore society are to fully benefit from engineering advice.
Analysis of a highly efficient phase-locking stabilization method for electro-optic comb generation
Authors: Yang Ruitao , Pollinger Florian , Hu Pengcheng , Yang Hongxing , Fu Haijin , Fan Zhigang , Tan Jiubin 
Published: April 2020

We theoretically show that a slightly modified Pound–Drever–Hall (PDH) stabilization scheme can lead to the optimum time-domain characteristics for electro-optic comb generators (EOCG). The ideal locking point is located by analyzing the EOCG output pulse width. By summing up the electrical field reflected by the EOCG front mirror, a model of the phase-locking error signal is derived with the Jacobi–Anger identical transformation. The simulation and experiment show that the zero-locking point of the error signal of the modified scheme coincides well with the ideal locking point in contrast with the direct application of the PDH scheme. Finally, a power efficiency of up to 2.9% is achieved with this EOCG stabilization scheme. A relative instability of better than

2.6

×

10

−
8

is demonstrated by a dual comb interferometer with fixed paths. The Allan deviations of the comb mode frequencies are smaller than

2.8

×

10

−
9

and

1.1

×

10

−
10

for average times of 1 and 100 s, respectively.
Resonant waveguide grating reflection filter with a quasi-rectangular spectrum under fully conical incidence
Authors: Fan Lina , Jia Kehui , Ma Junshan 
Published: April 2020

We present the design, analysis, and characterization of a filter with a quasi-rectangular spectrum. The spectral features of the filter are achieved by adjusting the incident angle under fully conical incidence. When the incident angle is 75°, the filter with a quasi-rectangular spectrum is presented at the central wavelength of 475 nm. The proposed filter has a bandwidth of 7.3 nm (

R

>

90

%

), its corresponding

Δ
λ

/

λ

is approximately 1.5%, and the estimated rejection ratio is larger than 10 dB. Furthermore, the quasi-rectangular filtering feature is stable in the incident angle range of 75° to 85°. Our approach reveals the quasi-rectangular spectrum attributes of double resonance peaks merger under fully conical incidence and thus can be used to exploit filter devices.
Anforderungen und Erwartungen an eine lexikografische Ressource des gesprochenen Deutsch aus der L2-Lernerperspektive
Authors: Meliss Meike , Möhrs Christine , Ribeiro Silveira Maria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the project LeGeDe („Lexik des gesprochenen Deutsch”), we are developing a corpus-based lexicographical resource focusing on features of the lexicon of spoken German. To investigate the expectations of future users, two studies were conducted: interviews with a smaller group of experts and a large-scale online survey. We report on selected results, mainly from the online survey and with a focus on the learning perspective. We want to show if and to which extent the L2-learners’ expectations differ from those of native speakers and in which aspects the two groups agree. We also want to give an outlook on the possibilities that will be available to learners in the planned lexicographical resource.
miR-92 regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of glioma cells by targeting neogenin
Authors: Wang Yi , Tian Yaohui , Li Zonghao , Zheng Zhaoke , Zhu Liangliang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to explore the pathological mechanism in regulating glioma progression. The expression of miR-92 and neogenin was evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The migration and invasion abilities were examined by transwell assays. The interaction between miR-92 and neogenin was conducted by dual-luciferase reporter system. As a result, we found that the expression of miR-92 was up-regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. Down-regulation of miR-92 inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promoted cell apoptosis rate of U251 and U87 cells. Notably, miR-92 was identified to directly target to 3’-UTR of neogenin. Furthermore, neogenin was down-regulated in glioma tissues and cells in a miR-92-correlated manner. Overexpression of neigenin could cause similar results to miR-92 knockdown in U251 and U87 cells. However, the silencing of neogenin partially reversed the effects of miR-92 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of glioma cells in vitro. In conclusion, we clarified that miR-92 knockdown could suppress the malignant progression of glioma cells in vitro by targeting neogenin. Therefore, miR-92 could serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in glioma patients
Experimental Study on the Effect of Hardness on the Erosion Resistance of Coatings and Rubber for Hydropower Applications
Authors: Wang Xin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Polymeric coatings are used to protect concrete hydropower structures from damage by particle-laden, fast-moving water. In this research, a new experimental method is proposed to simulate this tribosystem. Test materials are submerged in an agitated vessel containing basalt particles and abraded for a fixed time. This paper describes the use of this test to screen polyurea coatings of various types of hardness. The use of such test on rubbers is also described. Results present that the wear process of the polyurea is stable and the wear loss is linear with the erosion time. When the hardness of the polyurea or seal rubber increases, the erosion resistance indicates a downward trend and the surface becomes smooth from rough. A polyurea hardness of Shore D30 and a seal rubber hardness of Shore A70 produce the best slurry erosion resistance. The erosion resistance of the polyurea is much better than that of the high-performance concrete. If the wear thickness is regarded as the evaluation indicator, then the erosion resistance of the polyurea of Shore D30 is approximately 60 times more than that of the high-performance concrete.
Feedback Adaptation to Unpredictable Force Fields in 250 ms
Authors: Crevecoeur Frédéric , Mathew James , Bastin Marie , Lefèvre Philippe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMotor learning and adaptation are important functions of the nervous system. Classical studies have characterized how humans adapt to changes in the environment during tasks such as reaching, and have documented improvements in behavior across movements. However, little is known about how quickly the nervous system adapts to such disturbances. In particular, recent work has suggested that adaptation could be sufficiently fast to alter the control strategies of an ongoing movement. To further address the possibility that learning occurred within a single movement, we designed a series of human reaching experiments to extract from muscles recordings the latency of feedback adaptation. Our results confirmed that participants adapted their feedback responses to unanticipated force fields applied randomly. In addition, our analyses revealed that the feedback response was specifically and finely tuned to the ongoing perturbation not only across trials with the same force field, but also across different kinds of force fields. Finally, changes in muscle activity consistent with feedback adaptation occurred in ∼250 ms following reach onset. The adaptation that we observed across trials presented in a random context was similar to the one observed when the force fields could be anticipated, suggesting that these two adaptive processes may be closely linked to each other. In such case, our measurement of 250 ms may correspond to the latency of motor adaptation in the nervous system.
A Method for Rapid Selection of Randomly Induced Mutations in a Gene of Interest Using CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Activation of Gene Expression
Authors: Ng William A , Ma Andrew , Chen Molly , Reed Bruce H 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe have developed a CRISPR/Cas9 based method for isolating randomly induced recessive lethal mutations in a gene of interest (GOI) by selection within the F1 progeny of a single genetic cross. Our method takes advantage of the ability to overexpress a GOI using CRISPR/Cas9 mediated activation of gene expression. In essence, the screening strategy is based upon the idea that if overexpression of a wild type allele can generate a phenotype, then overexpression of a newly induced loss-of-function allele will lack this phenotype. As a proof-of-principle, we used this method to select EMS induced mutations of the Drosophila gene hindsight (hnt). From approximately 45,000 F1 progeny we recovered 8 new EMS induced loss-of-function hnt alleles that we characterized as an allelic series of hypomorphic mutations. This new method can, in theory, be used to recover randomly induced point mutants in a GOI and can be applied to any circumstance where CRISPR/Cas9 mediated activation of gene expression is associated with lethality or a visible phenotype.
Determinación del contenido energético de materiales forrajeros a través de la relación entre la técnica de producción de gas in vitro y la ecuación mecanicista del NRC (2001)
Authors: Arce-Ramírez Walter , Rojas-Bourrillon Augusto , Campos-Granados Carlos Mario 
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el contenido de energía metabolizable (EM) de fuentes forrajeras utilizadas en Costa Rica por medio de la ecuación del NRC (2001) y las ecuaciones utilizadas en la metodología de producción de gas in vitro a las 24 horas de incubación (PG24h). La composición química, bromatológica y la producción de gas se analizaron en el Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal (CINA). Se seleccionaron las dos ecuaciones de la metodología de gas con los mejores coeficientes de determinación respecto a la ecuación NRC (2001): Steingass y Menke (1980) y Menke y Steingass (1988). Mediante un análisis de correlación de Pearson y un análisis de regresión lineal se evaluó la relación entre la composición nutricional de los alimentos y ambas metodologías de estimación de energía. Los forrajes con mayor y menor EM obtenida con la ecuación NRC (2001) fueron el Ryegrass (2,59 Mcal kg/MS) y Camerún (1,79 Mcal kg/MS). De acuerdo a la ecuación del NRC (2001) se determinó que la fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA) y lignina influyen negativamente en la concentración de energía (R2= -0,56; -0,54; -0,35; p<0,05, respectivamente), mientras que la proteína cruda (PC) y el extracto etéreo (EE) tienen una correlación positiva. La ecuación con el coeficiente de determinación más alto (R2=0,72) considera las variables de PG24h, PC, FDN y lignina. La producción de gas no se ve afectada por la concentración de PC, cenizas y EE (p>0,05), pero se ve afectada negativamente por la FDN, FDA y la lignina, con coeficientes de correlación de Pearson de -0,44, -0,32 y -0,33 (p<0,05)respectivamente. El forraje con mayor PG24h fue la caña de azúcar, seguido de Festulolium y Ryegrass, mientras que el pasto Camerún y la Cratylia obtuvieron valores menores. El Ryegrass y el Camerún fueron los forrajes con mayor y menor energía respectivamente, estimados a partir de la ecuación de gas seleccionada. Las fracciones fibrosas se correlacionaron negativamente con la energía determinada mediante la ecuación de gas, mientras que la PC y EE presentan una relación positiva. La técnica de producción de gases demostró ser efectiva para estimar el contenido energético de fuentes forrajeras, a partir de una metodología que incluye menos análisis y por ende deriva en un menor costo por concepto de análisis de laboratorio.
Rethinking Hijab in Contemporary Indonesia: A Study of Hijab Community “Tuneeca Lover Community”
Authors: Nuroniyah Wardah 
Published: April 2020

Hijab (veil) for female Muslims has been subject to a debate regarding its meanings. On the one hand, it represents the virtue of religious obedience and piety. Still, on the other hand, it is associated with the form of women oppressions in the public domain. At this point, the hijab has been an arena of contesting interpretations. Meanwhile, contemporary Indonesia is witnessing the increase in the use of veil among urban female Muslims that leads to the birth of various hijab wearer communities. One of them is Tuneeca Lover Community (TLC). This community has become a new sphere where female Muslims articulate their ideas about Islam through various activities such as religious gathering, hijab tutorial class, fashion show, and charity activities. This study seeks to answer several questions: Why do these women decide to wear a hijab? Why do they join the TLC? How do they perceive the veil? Is it related to religious doctrines or other factors such as lifestyle? This research employs a qualitative method using documentation and interview to gather the data among 150 members of the TLC. This research shows that their understanding of the hijab results from the common perception that places the veil as a religious obligation. Nevertheless, each of the members has one's orientation over the hijab. This paper also suggests that they try to transform this understanding into modern settings. As a consequence, they are not only committed to the traditionally spiritual meaning of the hijab but are also nuanced with modern ideas such as lifestyle and particular social class. Their participation in the TLC enables them to reach both goals simultaneously.