bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role social diversity plays in enhancing mental health literacy among the elderly
Authors: Hayat Tsahi , Nakash Ora , Abu Kaf Sarah , Cohen Michal 
Published: December 2020

PurposeMental health literacy (MHL) is the ability to understand health information originating from different sources. Little is known about ethnic differences in sources for health information, and the effect these differences has on elderly MHL. In this paper, we focus on the social networks (i.e. social connections) of elderly people from different ethnic groups, and investigate the effect these networks have on MHL. Specifically, we focus on the ethnic diversity of one's peers (ethnic diversity) as a network characteristic that can interplay with his\her MHL.Design/methodology/approachThe data used in this study were gathered using a survey among elderly (over the age of 60) Native Israeli Jews (N = 147) and Immigrant Jews from the Former Soviet Union (FSU,N = 131). The survey was used to assess our participants MHL, online and offline sources of mental health information and mental health service utilization. Interviews were also conducted with each participant. The interview purpose was to map the participants' social network (using a sociogram), while indicating the attributes of the participant's peers (age, gender, ethnicity, etc.) and the nature of the interaction (online vs. offline, strength of the tie, etc.). A set of hierarchal regression analyses were then used to examine which social network attributes are correlated with MHL levels.FindingsOur findings shows that ethnic diversity within the social networks of Immigrants from the FSU contributed to their MHL more so than for native-born Jews. Specifically, face to face maintained connections with individuals from diverse ethnic groups lead to increased knowledge about how to search for mental health information. Online maintained connections with individuals from diverse ethnic groups, lead to increase attitudes that promote recognition of mental health related issues and appropriate help-seeking.Originality/valueUnderstanding the interplay between the ethnic diversity among one's peers and his/her MHL offers an important additional prism of examining MHL; moving beyond the individual's characteristics and examining his/her social connections as well. The relevancy of these findings for reducing MHL inequalities between native-born and elderly migrants, as well as for ethnic minorities is discussed.
Diacetyl odor shortens longevity conferred by food deprivation in C. elegans via downregulation of DAF‐16/FOXO
Authors: Park Sangsoon , Artan Murat , Jeong Dae‐Eun , Park Hae‐Eun H. , Son Heehwa G. , Kim Sieun S. , Jung Yoonji , Choi Yunji , Lee Jin I. , Kim Kyuhyung , Lee Seung‐Jae V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDietary restriction extends lifespan in various organisms by reducing the levels of both nutrients and non‐nutritional food‐derived cues. However, the identity of specific food‐derived chemical cues that alter lifespan remains unclear. Here, we identified several volatile attractants that decreased the longevity on food deprivation, a dietary restriction regimen in Caenorhabditis elegans. In particular, we found that the odor of diacetyl decreased the activity of DAF‐16/FOXO, a life‐extending transcription factor acting downstream of insulin/IGF‐1 signaling. We then demonstrated that the odor of lactic acid bacteria, which produce diacetyl, reduced the nuclear accumulation of DAF‐16/FOXO. Unexpectedly, we showed that the odor of diacetyl decreased longevity independently of two established diacetyl receptors, ODR‐10 and SRI‐14, in sensory neurons. Thus, diacetyl, a food‐derived odorant, may shorten food deprivation‐induced longevity via decreasing the activity of DAF‐16/FOXO through binding to unidentified receptors.
Multivariable risk scores for predicting short‐term outcomes for emergency department patients with unexplained syncope: A systematic review
Authors: Sweanor Rachel A. L. , Redelmeier Robert J. , Simel David L. , Albassam Omar T. , Shadowitz Steven , Etchells Edward E. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesEmergency department (ED) patients with unexplained syncope are at risk of experiencing an adverse event within 30 days. Our objective was to systematically review the accuracy of multivariate risk stratification scores for identifying adult syncope patients at high and low risk of an adverse event over the next 30 days.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of electronic databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase, and CINAHL) from database creation until May 2020. We sought studies evaluating prediction scores of adults presenting to an ED with syncope. We included studies that followed patients for up to 30 days to identify adverse events such as death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiac surgery. We only included studies with a blinded comparison between baseline clinical features and adverse events. We calculated likelihood ratios and confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWe screened 13,788 abstracts. We included 17 studies evaluating nine risk stratification scores on 24,234 patient visits, where 7.5% (95% CI = 5.3% to 10%) experienced an adverse event. A Canadian Syncope Risk Score (CSRS) of 4 or more was associated with a high likelihood of an adverse event (LRscore≥4 = 11, 95% CI = 8.9 to 14). A CSRS of 0 or less (LRscore≤0 = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.20) was associated with a low likelihood of an adverse event. Other risk scores were not validated on an independent sample, had low positive likelihood ratios for identifying patients at high risk, or had high negative likelihood ratios for identifying patients at low risk.ConclusionMany risk stratification scores are not validated or not sufficiently accurate for clinical use. The CSRS is an accurate validated prediction score for ED patients with unexplained syncope. Its impact on clinical decision making, admission rates, cost, or outcomes of care is not known.
Comparative cytotoxic and antiproliferative profile of methotrexate and fluorouracil on different ocular cells
Authors: Schulz André , Rickmann Annekatrin , Julich‐Haertel Henrike , Germann Anja , von Briesen Hagen , Januschowski Kai , Szurman Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo analyse the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect of methotrexate (MTX) and fluorouracil (5‐FU) in vitro on fibroblasts, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and photoreceptor cells as an adjunct for reducing the incidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery.MethodsMethotrexate and 5‐FU were dissolved separately in balanced salt solution (BSS) with concentrations ranging from 0–8000 µg/ml and 0–4000 µg/ml, respectively. All solutions were analysed in terms of pH and osmolarity and applied for 1 h to fibroblasts (BJ), RPE (ARPE‐19) and photoreceptor (661W) cell lines adherently cultivated in 96‐well cell culture plates (10 000 cells/well). 24 h after incubation, the proliferative (BrdU), metabolic (CellTiter‐Glo) and apoptotic (Caspase 3/7) activity of the cells were examined in vitro.Results5‐FU had an antiproliferative effect on BJ and ARPE‐19 cells starting from low concentrations (2 µg/ml). However, the viability of 661W cells decreased and apoptosis was induced with increasing 5‐FU concentration. In contrast, MTX up to a concentration of 266 µg/ml did neither result in a significant loss of viability nor in increased caspase 3/7 activity of BJ, ARPE‐19 and 661W cells and inhibited the proliferation of ARPE‐19 already at low concentrations starting from 8 µg/ml.ConclusionsMethotrexate dissolved in BSS is biocompatible up to a concentration of 266 µg/ml and may act as an intraoperative rinse solution to inhibit RPE proliferation in PVR‐diseased eyes. Contrary, the use of 5‐FU within the posterior segment of the eye is limited by its cell‐damaging effect on photoreceptor cells.
Long‐term outcome, clinical course and treatment approaches of paediatric langerhans cell histiocytosis: A greek reference centre report
Authors: Tzotzola Vasiliki , Petrikkos Loizos , Papadakis Vassilios , Mitropoulou Georgia , Kelaidi Charikleia , Dimitriadis Efthymios , Polychronopoulou Sophia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory myeloid neoplasia with diverse clinical behaviour. In this article, we studied the clinical course, management and long‐term outcomes of a paediatric cohort treated by our reference centre.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 66 children with LCH, consecutively diagnosed by a Greek reference centre from 1974 to 2020.ResultsThe patients had a median age of 3.9 (range 0.0–15.9) years, 39 and 6 patients were diagnosed with unifocal or multifocal single system disease and 14 and 7 had multisystem disease with or without risk organ involvement. No late occurrence of clinical neurodegenerative disease or diabetes insipidus were observed at a median follow‐up period of 4.1 (range 0.5–27.7) years. The 10‐year event‐free survival and overall survival were 65.0% and 90.3% and improved significantly over a 45‐year period. Survival was superior in single system than multisystem cases. BRAF V600E mutation was found in 8/14 tested patients. Reactivation occurred in 12/66 patients (18.2%); 11 achieved remission and one patient died after a second relapse.ConclusionLCH survival rates significantly increased in our cohort over time. Reactivation occurred in 18.2% patients, but no late neurodegeneration was found. The prognostic value of single system disease status vs. multisystem LCH was confirmed.
Recovery of seedling community attributes during passive restoration of a tropical moist forest in Uganda
Authors: Ssekuubwa Enock , van Goor Wouter , Snoep Martijn , Riemer Kars , Wanyama Fredrick , Tweheyo Mnason 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThere has been a debate about the effectiveness of passive restoration for recovering tropical forests, but few studies quantify the success of passive restoration. The aim of this study was to better understand tropical forest succession under a passive restoration scenario. We compared floristic and functional attributes of seedlings in a passively restored and an old‐growth forest, and assessed the effect of restoration age and distance from the old‐growth forest on seedling attributes.LocationKibale National Park, western Uganda.MethodsWe measured seedlings in a passively restored and an old‐growth forest in 2011, 2014 and 2017. We determined species diversity, structure and composition and searched the literature for functional traits. We used generalized linear mixed‐effects models to compare seedling attributes between the restored and old‐growth forest and determine the influence of restoration age and distance from the old‐growth forest.ResultsSeedling species abundance, evenness, basal area and height were similar between the restored and old‐growth forest. Wood density and abundance of seedlings of different dispersal modes, habitat types, fruit size categories, and regeneration strategies were also similar between the restored and old‐growth forest. However, richness, diversity and composition of seedlings were different. We found a positive effect of restoration age on species abundance and abundance of non‐zoochorous, medium‐fruited, forest‐dependent, non‐pioneer light demander and shade‐tolerant species, and a negative effect on evenness, wood density, abundance of pioneers and compositional dissimilarity. Basal area of seedlings and the abundance of zoochorous and forest‐dependent species declined while compositional dissimilarity increased with distance from the old‐growth forest.ConclusionsOur results provide empirical evidence on the potential of passive restoration to recover the structure and functionality of tropical forests in a relatively short period of time. We demonstrate that the effect of restoration age and distance from the old‐growth forest is not straightforward and depends on the attributes measured.
Striking to Renew: Basque Unions’ Organizing Strategies and Use of the Strike‐Fund
Authors: Las Heras Jon , Rodríguez Lluis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract‘There is no union renewal without striking’ has been the underlying logic driving collective bargaining and union renewal dynamics in the Basque Country. This article shows how the Basque sovereigntist unions ELA (Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna) and LAB (Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak) have formed a ‘counterpower’ bloc, in opposition to CCOO (Comisiones Obreras) and UGT (Union General de Trabajadores) that are more prone to engage into social dialogue. The formers’ renewal strategy based on organizing workers ‘deeply’ — especially with ELA's recurrent use of a strike‐fund that fosters membership participation and affiliation through confederal solidarity — has altered union politics in the Basque Country. This has produced very high strike rates since the 2000s, perhaps the highest in Europe, and a ‘spill over’ effect that polarizes union alliances substantially. The article brings out the question of how unions could possibly locate industrial conflict within their renewal strategies and transform their organizations accordingly. Methodologically, the article contributes to the literature on strikes by underlining the importance of studying strikes critically, as a conscious collective process, in order to understand that their uneven development also derives from concrete unions’ strategies.
Elementary school teachers' math anxiety and students' math learning: A large‐scale replication
Authors: Schaeffer Marjorie W. , Rozek Christopher S. , Maloney Erin A. , Berkowitz Talia , Levine Susan C. , Beilock Sian L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA solid foundation in math is important for children's long‐term academic success. Many factors influence children's math learning—including the math content students are taught in school, the quality of their instruction, and the math attitudes of students' teachers. Using a large and diverse sample of first‐grade students (n = 551), we conducted a large‐scale replication of a previous study (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 2010, 1860; n = 117), which found that girls in classes with highly math anxious teachers learned less math during the school year, as compared to girls whose math teachers were less anxious about math. With a larger sample, we found a negative relation between teachers' math anxiety and students' math achievement for both girls and boys, even after accounting for teachers' math ability and children's beginning of year math knowledge, replicating and extending those previous results. Our findings strengthen the support for the hypothesis that teachers' math anxiety is one factor that undermines children's math learning and could push students off‐track during their initial exposure to math in early elementary school.
Assessment of atrial function by myocardial deformation techniques in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Siam‐Tsieu Valerie , Urtado Sophie , Charron Philippe , Hergault Hélène , Szymanski Catherine , Mallet Sophie , Dubourg Olivier , Mansencal Nicolas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiastolic dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is common, but its assessment is difficult using conventional echocardiography.AimsTo assess left atrial (LA) function in HCM by longitudinal strain and determine its role in understanding of symptoms.MethodsWe studied 144 patients divided into 3 age‐ and sex‐matched groups: 48 consecutive patients with HCM, 48 control subjects, and 48 athlete subjects. We assessed LA function by conventional echocardiographic parameters and by longitudinal atrial strain (early‐diastolic left atrial strain during reservoir phase [LASr]; end‐diastolic left atrial strain during conduit phase; end‐systolic peak of the left atrial strain during contraction phase).ResultsNYHA classification was as follows in HCM group: I in 46%, II in 31%, III in 19%, and IV in 4%. Conventional echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function were depressed in the HCM group as compared to the control and athlete groups, but not related to symptoms. All longitudinal atrial strain parameters were significantly reduced in HCM group as compared to two groups (P < .0001). LASr was significantly correlated to peak VO2 (r = 0.44, P = .01) and was the best parameter for detecting symptomatic patients presenting with HCM, with a cutoff value of 15%: Sensitivity was 71%, specificity was 79%, PPV was 77%, and NPV was 73%.ConclusionAssessment of LA function in HCM is feasible using longitudinal strain, and this technique is more reliable than conventional echocardiographic parameters for the understanding of determinants of symptoms.
Comparison of ibrutinib and idelalisib plus rituximab in real‐life relapsed/resistant chronic lymphocytic leukemia cases
Authors: Morabito Fortunato , Tripepi Giovanni , Del Poeta Giovanni , Mauro Francesca Romana , Reda Gianluigi , Sportoletti Paolo , Laurenti Luca , Coscia Marta , Herishanu Yair , Bossio Sabrina , Varettoni Marzia , Murru Roberta , Chiarenza Annalisa , Visentin Andrea , Condoluci Adalgisa , Moia Riccardo , Pietrasanta Daniela , Loseto Giacomo , Consoli Ugo , Scortechini Ilaria , Rossi Francesca Maria , Zucchetto Antonella , Al‐Janazreh Hamdi , Vigna Ernesto , Martino Enrica Antonia , Mendicino Francesco , Cassin Ramona , D'Arrigo Graziella , Galimberti Sara , Rago Angela , Angeletti Ilaria , Biagi Annalisa , Del Giudice Ilaria , Bomben Riccardo , Neri Antonino , Fronza Gilberto , Monti Paola , Menichini Paola , Cutrona Giovanna , Jaksic Ozren , Rossi Davide , Di Raimondo Francesco , Cuneo Antonio , Gaidano Gianluca , Polliack Aaron , Trentin Livio , Foà Robin , Ferrarini Manlio , Gattei Valter , Gentile Massimo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the capacity of ibrutinib (IB) and idelalisib‐rituximab (IDELA‐R) of prolonging overall survival (OS) as in CLL patients, previously treated with chemotherapy only.MethodsA real‐life cohort of 675 cases has been identified and investigated in the database of the groups participating in the study.ResultsAt an unadjusted univariate analysis, a significant death risk reduction was observed favoring IB (IDELA‐R vs IB HR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.36‐0.71) although with some limitations due to the non‐randomized and retrospective nature of the study and to the lower number of patients in the IDELA‐R group (112 cases) related to the current prescribing practice. To overcome the potential problem of confounding by indication, we adjusted the association between the type of therapy and mortality for all variables significantly associated with OS at Cox univariate analysis. Furthermore, those variables, differently distributed between the two study groups, were introduced into the multivariate Cox model to improve the effectiveness of the analysis. By introducing all these variables into the multiple Cox regression model, we confirmed the protective effect of IB vs IDELA‐R (HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.45‐0.98, P = .04) independent of potential confounders.ConclusionsAlthough our analysis presents some constraints, that is, the unavailability of additional potential confounders, and the retrospective nature of the study, this observation may be of help for the daily clinical practice, particularly in the absence of randomized trials comparing the two schedules.
Usability of the head impulse test in routine clinical practice in the emergency department to differentiate vestibular neuritis from stroke
Authors: Machner Björn , Erber Kira , Choi Jin Hee , Trillenberg Peter , Sprenger Andreas , Helmchen Christoph 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeThe bedside head impulse test (bHIT) is used to differentiate vestibular neuritis (VN) from posterior circulation stroke (PCS) in patients presenting with acute vestibular syndrome (AVS). If assessed by neuro‐otological experts, diagnostic accuracy is high. We report on its diagnostic accuracy when applied by nonexperts during routine clinical practice in the emergency department (ED), its impact on patient management, and the potential diagnostic yield of the video‐oculography–supported head impulse test (vHIT).MethodsMedical chart review of 38 AVS patients presenting to our university medical center's ED, assessed by neurology residents. We collected bHIT results (abnormal/peripheral or normal/central) and whether patients were admitted to the stroke unit or general neurological ward. Final diagnosis (VN, n = 24; PCS, n = 14) was determined by clinical course, magnetic resonance imaging, and vHIT.ResultsThe bHIT's accuracy was only 58%. Its sensitivity for VN was high (88%), but due to many false‐abnormal bHITs in PCS (36%), the specificity was low (64%). The vHIT yielded excellent specificity (100%) and moderate sensitivity (67%). The decision on the patient's further care was almost arbitrary and independent from the bHIT: 58% of VN and 57% of PCS patients were admitted to the stroke unit.ConclusionsThe bHIT, applied by nonexperts during routine practice in the ED, has low accuracy, is too often mistaken as abnormal/peripheral, and is not consistently used for patients' in‐hospital triage. As false‐abnormal bHITs can lead to misdiagnosis/mistreatment of stroke patients, we recommend that bHIT applied by nonexperts should be reassessed by a neuro‐otological expert or preferably quantitative vHIT in the ED.
Immunomodulatory treatment in postural tachycardia syndrome: A case series
Authors: Rodriguez Belén , Hoepner Robert , Salmen Anke , Kamber Nicole , Z’Graggen Werner J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and purposePostural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a form of autonomic dysfunction characterized by symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, often accompanied by sudomotor dysfunction and gastrointestinal dysmotility. Recently, evidence has accumulated that in a subset of patients, the pathogenesis of dysautonomia may be immune‐mediated. The aim of the current report was to evaluate the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment in patients with progressive and/or refractory immune‐mediated POTS.MethodsWe retroactively assessed the effect and tolerance of monthly administered IVIG in six patients using autonomic function testing, standardized symptom questionnaires, and patients' symptom diaries both before and 6 months into IVIG treatment. Objective outcome measures included heart rate increase after 10 min of head‐up tilt as well as duration and anhidrotic area in a thermoregulatory sweat test. Subjective outcome measures were patient reports and symptom ratings from the symptom questionnaire.ResultsAll patients responded to immunomodulatory treatment, regardless of disease duration. After 6 months of IVIG, symptom severity was reduced by nearly 40%. Autonomic function testing showed improved cardiovascular functioning by 50% and a reduction of anhidrotic areas by one third. Overall, tolerance of IVIG treatment was poor, but could be improved by a reduction in infusion rate, premedication with steroids, and additional intravenous hydration.ConclusionsUsing subjective but also standardized objective measures, the case series describes promising effects of IVIG treatment in POTS patients with immune‐mediated dysautonomia. By reducing the infusion rate, pretreatment with steroids, and intravenous hydration, tolerance could be improved, and no patient had to discontinue the treatment.