bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertriglyceridemia Induced Pancreatitis
Authors: Ippisch Holly M. , Alfaro-Cruz Ligia , Fei Lin , Zou Yuanshu , Thompson Tyler , Abu-El-Haija Maisam 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
Hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis is an important cause of acute pancreatitis (AP) in children, which lacks established guidelines. The aim of this study was to review management approaches at a single pediatric center.

Methods
This retrospective study included all inpatients younger than 21 years with AP and triglycerides (TG) of 1000 mg/dL or greater. A linear mixed effect model was used to calculate drop in TGs. The patient's diet, intravenous fluid (IVF) rate, insulin, and plasmapheresis were included in the model.

Results
Seventeen admissions were identified among 8 patients, average age 15 years (range, 6–19 years). Fifty percent had recurrent AP and 29% of admissions had complications including 1 death. The population was primarily female (75%), white (75%), and overweight, and 63% had diabetes. The median stay was 5.4 days. There were 14 approaches used with variations in IVF rates, insulin, plasmapheresis, and nill per os (NPO) versus feeds. Variables that reduced TG's were NPO, higher IVF rates, plasmapheresis, and insulin (P < 0.05). Importantly, NPO reduced TGs faster than those who started early nutrition.

Conclusions
Hypertriglyceridemia is an important cause of pancreatitis in children. This study shares a management algorithm from a single institution. Larger studies are needed for more evidence-based guidelines.
Brief Report: High Accuracy of a Real-Time Urine Antibody-Based Tenofovir Point-of-Care Test Compared With Laboratory-Based ELISA in Diverse Populations
Authors: Spinelli Matthew A. , Rodrigues Warren C. , Wang Guohong , Vincent Michael , Glidden David V. , Okochi Hideaki , Stalter Randy , Defechereux Patricia , Deutsch Madeline , Grant Robert M. , Ngure Kenneth , Mugo Nelly R. , Baeten Jared M. , Gandhi Monica ,   for the Partners PrEP Study Team
Published: March 2020

Background:
Therapeutic drug monitoring measures antiretroviral adherence more accurately than self-report but has not been available at the point-of-care (POC) until now. We compare a novel POC test for urine tenofovir to laboratory-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing in diverse patient populations urine pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Setting:
Urine samples were analyzed using ELISA and the POC lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) test from 2 cohorts of PrEP users taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine: the Partners PrEP Study, which recruited Kenyan and Ugandan heterosexual men and women, and the IBrEATHe Study, which recruited US transgender women and men using gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Methods:
We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the POC test compared with ELISA at a cutoff of 1500 ng/mL.

Results:
Overall, 684 urine samples were tested from 324 participants in the 2 cohorts. In Partners PrEP, 454 samples from 278 participants (41% women) were tested with a median age of 33 years. In IBrEATHe, 231 samples from 46 individuals (50% transwomen) were tested with a median age of 31 years. Comparison of the LFA read-out to ELISA yielded 100% sensitivity [97.5% one-sided confidence interval (CI) = 99.3%], 98.3% specificity (95% CI = 95.2% to 99.7%), and 99.6% accuracy (95% CI = 98.7% to 99.9%).

Conclusion:
The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of a novel POC test for urine tenofovir all exceeded 98% when compared with a laboratory-based ELISA method when tested in diverse patient populations. Given the LFA's high accuracy and expected low cost, this POC test is a promising tool to support antiretroviral adherence that could be widely scalable to real-world clinical settings.
Temporal Dynamics of the Adult Female Lower Urinary Tract Microbiota
Authors: Price Travis K. , Wolff Birte , Halverson Thomas , Limeira Roberto , Brubaker Linda , Dong Qunfeng , Mueller Elizabeth R. , Wolfe Alan J. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTTemporal dynamics of certain human microbiotas have been described in longitudinal studies; variability often relates to modifiable factors or behaviors. Early studies of the urinary microbiota preferentially used samples obtained by transurethral catheterization to minimize vulvo-vaginal microbial contributions. Whereas voided specimens are preferred for longitudinal studies, the few studies that reported longitudinal data were limited to women with lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms, due to ease of accessing a clinical population for sampling and the impracticality and risk of collecting repeated catheterized urine specimens in a non-clinical population. Here, we studied the microbiota of the LUT of non-symptomatic, pre-menopausal women using mid-stream voided urine (MSU) specimens to investigate relationships between microbial dynamics and personal factors. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and a metaculturomics method called Expanded Quantitative Urine Culture (EQUC), we characterized the microbiotas of MSU and peri-urethral swab specimens collected daily for approximately three months from a small cohort of adult women. Participants were screened for eligibility, including ability to self-collect paired urogenital specimens prior to enrollment. In this population, we found that measures of microbial dynamics related to specific participant-reported factors, particularly menstruation and vaginal intercourse. Further investigation of the trends revealed differences in composition and diversity of LUT microbiotas within and across participants. These data, in combination with previous studies showing relationships between the LUT microbiota and LUT symptoms, suggest that personal factors relating to the genitourinary system may be an important consideration in the etiology, prevention, and/or treatment of LUT disorders.IMPORTANCEFollowing the discovery of the collective human urinary microbiota, important knowledge gaps remain, including the stability and variability of this microbial niche over time. Initial urinary studies preferentially utilized samples obtained by transurethral catheterization to minimize contribution from vulvo-vaginal microbes. However, catheterization has the potential to alter the urinary microbiota; therefore, voided specimens are preferred for longitudinal studies. In this report, we describe the microbial findings obtained by daily assessment over three months in a small cohort of adult women. Similar to vaginal microbiotas, we found that lower urinary tract (LUT) microbiotas are dynamic with changes relating to several factors, particularly menstruation and vaginal intercourse. Our study shows that LUT microbiotas are both dynamic and resilient. It also offers novel opportunities to target LUT microbiotas for preventative or therapeutic means, through risk and/or protective factor modification.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Acute Posttraumatic Stress Disorder during the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Sun Luna , Sun Zhuoer , Wu Lili , Zhu Zhenwen , Zhang Fan , Shang Zhilei , Jia Yanpu , Gu Jingwen , Zhou Yaoguang , Wang Yan , Liu Nianqi , Liu Weizhi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo exam the prevalence of and risk factors for acute posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Chinese people shortly after the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsAn online questionnaire survey was conducted between 30 January and 3 February, 2020. The survey included two self-administered questionnaires: one was designed to require participants’ personal information (gender, age, education background), current location, recent epidemic area contact history, the classification of population, and subjective sleep quality; the other was the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5).ResultsA total of 2091 Chinese participated in this study. The prevalence of PTSD among the Chinese public one month after the COVID-19 outbreak was 4.6%. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that gender (p< 0.001), epidemic area contact history (p= 0.047), classification of population (p< 0.001), and subjective sleep quality (p< 0.001) could be regarded as predictor factors for PTSD.LimitationsFirst, the majority of participants in this study were the general public, and confirmed or suspected patients being a small part. Second, the measurement of PTSD might be vulnerable to selection bias because of an online self-report study, such as participants’ recruitment. Third, the prevalence of PTSD in this study was estimated by an online questionnaire rather than a clinical interview.ConclusionsThe results revealed that some Chinese showed acute PTSD during the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, comprehensive psychological intervention needs further implementation. Furthermore, females, people who having recent epidemic area contact history, those at high risk of infection or with poor sleep quality deserve special attention.
Prognostic value of NT-proBNP in patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Gao Lei , Jiang Dan , Wen Xue-song , Cheng Xiao-cheng , Sun Min , He Bin , You Lin-na , Lei Peng , Tan Wei-xiao , Qin Shu , Cai Guo-qiang , Zhang Dong-ying 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. The cardiac injury was dominate in the process. However, whether N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) predicted outcome of COVID-19 patients was unknown. The study initially enrolled 102 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia from a continuous sample. After screening out the ineligible cases, 54 patients were analyzed in this study. Results found that patients with higher NT-proBNP (above 88.64 pg/mL) level had more risks of in-hospital death. After adjusting for potential cofounders in separate modes, NT-proBNP presented as an independent risk factor of in-hospital death in patients with severe COVID-19.
Detecting heterogeneity of intervention effects using analysis and meta-analysis of differences in variance between arms of a trial
Authors: Mills Harriet L , Higgins Julian PT , Morris Richard W , Kessler David , Heron Jon , Wiles Nicola , Smith George Davey , Tilling Kate 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) with continuous outcomes usually only examine mean differences in response between trial arms. If the intervention has heterogeneous effects, then outcome variances will also differ between arms. Power of an individual trial to assess heterogeneity is lower than the power to detect the same size of main effect.MethodsSeveral methods for assessing differences in variance in trial arms were described and applied to a single trial with individual patient data (IPD) and to meta-analyses using summary data. Where IPD were available, regression-based methods were used to examine the effects of covariates on variation. An additional method to meta-analyse differences in variances with summary data was presented.ResultsIn the single trial there was agreement between methods, and the difference in variance was largely due to differences in depression at baseline. In two meta-analyses, most individual trials did not show strong evidence of a difference in variance between arms, with wide confidence intervals. However, both meta-analyses showed evidence of greater variance in the control arm, and in one example this was perhaps because mean outcome in the control arm was higher.ConclusionsLow power of individual trials to examine differences in variance can be overcome using meta-analysis. Evidence of differences in variance should be followed-up to identify potential effect modifiers and explore other possible causes such as varying compliance.
A retrospective study of the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 infection in 26 children
Authors: Tang Anjue , Xu Wenhui , Shen Min , Chen Peifen , Li Guobao , Liu Yingxia , Liu Lei 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia in China began in December 2019. Studies on novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were less based on pediatric patients. This study aimed to reveal the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children.MethodThis study retrospectively analyzed the clinical symptoms, laboratory results, chest CT, and treatment of children with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19(ie, with samples that were positive for 2019 novel coronavirus[2019-nCoV]) who were admitted to Shenzhen Center of National Infectious Disease Clinical Medical Research from January 16 to February 8, 2020.ResultNine patients had no obvious clinical symptom. 11 patients developed fever. Other symptoms, including cough(in eleven of seventeen patients), rhinorrhea(in two), diarrhea(in two), vomiting(in two), were also observed. A small minority of patients had lymphocytopenia. Alanine transaminase or transaminase increased in three cases. According to chest CT scan, 11 patients showed unilateral pneumonia, 8 patients had no pulmonary infiltration. No serious complications such as acute respiratory syndrome and acute lung injury occurred in all patients.ConclusionThe clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection in children were different from adult. The overall condition of children were mild and have a good prognosis.MainpointCOVID-19 is a kind of new infectious disease.The clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection in children may different from adult. Myocardium likely less affected by 2019-nCoV in children.
Clinical Characteristics of Two Human to Human Transmitted Coronaviruses: Corona Virus Disease 2019 versus Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Authors: Xu Ping , Sun Guo-Dong , Li Zhi-Zhong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAfter the outbreak of the middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) worldwide in 2012. Currently, a novel human coronavirus has caused a major disease outbreak, and named corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The emergency of MRES-COV and COVID-19 has caused global panic and threatened health security. Unfortunately, the similarities and differences between the two coronavirus diseases remain to be unknown. The aim of this study, therefore, is to perform a systematic review to compare epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 and MERS-COV population. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials database to identify potential studies reported COVID-19 or MERS-COV. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory outcomes, the admission rate of intensive cure unit (ICU), discharge rate and fatality rate were evaluated using GraphPad Prism software. Thirty-two studies involving 3770 patients (COVID-19 = 1062, MERS-COV = 2708) were included in this study. The present study revealed that compared with COVID-19 population, MERS-COV population had a higher rate of ICU admission, discharge and fatality and longer incubation time. It pointed out that fever, cough and generalised weakness and myalgia were main clinical manifestations of both COVID-19 and MERS-COV, whereas ARDS was main complication. The most effective drug for MERS-COV is ribavirin and interferon.
Prediction of COVID-19 Spreading Profiles in South Korea, Italy and Iran by Data-Driven Coding
Authors: Zhan Choujun , Tse Chi K. , Lai Zhikang , Hao Tianyong , Su Jingjing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis work applies a data-driven coding method for prediction of the COVID-19 spreading profile in any given population that shows an initial phase of epidemic progression. Based on the historical data collected for COVID-19 spreading in 367 cities in China and the set of parameters of the augmented Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed (SEIR) model obtained for each city, a set of profile codes representing a variety of transmission mechanisms and contact topologies is formed. By comparing the data of an early outbreak of a given population with the complete set of historical profiles, the best fit profiles are selected and the corresponding sets of profile codes are used for prediction of the future progression of the epidemic in that population. Application of the method to the data collected for South Korea, Italy and Iran shows that peaks of infection cases are expected to occur before the end of March 2020, and that the percentage of population infected in each city will be less than 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.02%, for South Korea, Italy and Iran, respectively.
Effects-sizes of deletions and duplications on autism risk across the genome
Authors: Douard Elise , Zeribi Abderrahim , Schramm Catherine , Tamer Petra , Loum Mor Absa , Nowak Sabrina , Saci Zohra , Lord Marie-Pier , Rodríguez-Herreros Borja , Jean-Louis Martineau , Moreau Clara , Loth Eva , Schumann Gunter , Pausova Zdenka , Elsabbagh Mayada , Almasy Laura , Glahn David C. , Bourgeron Thomas , Labbe Aurélie , Paus Tomas , Mottron Laurent , Greenwood Célia M. T. , Huguet Guillaume , Jacquemont Sébastien 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveDeleterious copy number variants (CNVs) are identified in up to 20% of individuals with autism. However, only 13 genomic loci have been formally associated with autism because the majority of CNVs are too rare to perform individual association studies. To investigate the implication of undocumented CNVs in neurodevelopmental disorders, we recently developed a new framework to estimate their effect-size on intelligence quotient (IQ) and sought to extend this approach to autism susceptibility and multiple cognitive domains.MethodsWe identified CNVs in two autism samples (Simons Simplex Collection and MSSNG) and two unselected populations (IMAGEN and Saguenay Youth Study). Statistical models integrating scores of genes encompassed in CNVs were used to explain their effect on autism susceptibility and multiple cognitive domains.ResultsAmong 9 scores of genes, the “probability-of-being loss-of-function intolerant” (pLI) best explains the effect of CNVs on IQ and autism risk. Deletions decrease IQ by a mean of 2.6 points per point of pLI. The effect of duplications on IQ is three-fold smaller. The odd ratios for autism increases when deleting or duplicating any point of pLI. This increased autism risk is similar in subgroups of individuals below or above median IQ. Once CNV effects on IQ are accounted for, autism susceptibility remains mostly unchanged for duplications but decreases for deletions. Model estimates for autism risk overlap with previously published observations. Deletions and duplications differentially affect social communication, behaviour, and phonological memory, whereas both equally affect motor skills.ConclusionsAutism risk conferred by duplications is less influenced by IQ compared to deletions. CNVs increase autism risk similarly in individuals with high and low IQ. Our model, trained on CNVs encompassing >4,500 genes, suggests highly polygenic properties of gene dosage with respect to autism risk. These models will help interpreting CNVs identified in the clinic.
Narrowband multivariate source separation for semi-blind discovery of experiment contrasts
Authors: Zuure Marrit B. , Cohen Michael X 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundElectrophysiological recordings contain mixtures of signals from distinct neural sources, impeding a straightforward interpretation of the sensor-level data. This mixing is particularly detrimental when distinct sources resonate in overlapping frequencies. Fortunately, the mixing is linear and instantaneous. Multivariate source separation methods may therefore successfully separate statistical sources, even with overlapping spatial distributions.New MethodWe demonstrate a feature-guided multivariate source separation method that is tuned to narrowband frequency content as well as binary condition differences. This method — comparison scanning generalized eigendecomposition, csGED — harnesses the covariance structure of multichannel data to find directions (i.e., eigenvectors) that maximally separate two subsets of data. To drive condition specificity and frequency specificity, our data subsets were taken from different task conditions and narrowband-filtered prior to applying GED.ResultsTo validate the method, we simulated MEG data in two conditions with shared noise characteristics and unique signal. csGED outperformed the best sensor at reconstructing the ground truth signals, even in the presence of large amounts of noise. We next applied csGED to a published empirical MEG dataset on visual perception vs. imagery. csGED identified sources in alpha, beta, and gamma bands, and successfully separated distinct networks in the same frequency band.Comparison with Existing Method(s)GED is a flexible feature-guided decomposition method that has previously successfully been applied. Our combined frequency- and condition-tuning is a novel adaptation that extends the power of GED in cognitive electrophysiology.ConclusionsWe demonstrate successful condition-specific source separation by applying csGED to simulated and empirical data.
Structural Basis for Ca2+-Dependent Activation of a Plant Metacaspase
Authors: Zhu Ping , Yu Xiao-Hong , Wang Cheng , Zhang Qingfang , Liu Wu , McSweeney Sean , Shanklin John , Lam Eric , Liu Qun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPlants metacaspases mediate programmed cell death in development1,2, biotic and abiotic stresses3, damage-induced immune response4, and resistance to pathogen attack5. Most metacaspases require Ca2+for their activation and substrate processing6–8. However, the Ca2+-dependent activation mechanism remains elusive9–11. Here we report the crystal structure of Metacaspase 4 fromArabidopsis thaliana(AtMC4) that modulates Ca2+-dependent, damage-induced plant immune defense. TheAtMC4 structure exhibits an inhibitory conformation in which a large linker domain blocks activation and substrate access. In addition, the side chain of Lys225 in the linker domain blocks the active site by sitting directly between two catalytic residues. We show that the activation ofAtMC4 and cleavage of its physiological substrate involve multiple cleavages in the linker domain upon activation by Ca2+. Our analysis provides insight into the Ca2+-dependent activation ofAtMC4 and lays the basis for tuning its activity in response to stresses that may help engineer more sustainable crops for production of food and biofuel.
Anatomy and activity patterns in a multifunctional motor neuron and its surrounding circuits
Authors: Ashaber Mária , Tomina Yusuke , Kassraian Pegah , Bushong Eric A. , Kristan William B. , Ellisman Mark H. , Wagenaar Daniel A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDorsal Excitor motor neuron DE-3 in the medicinal leech plays three very different dynamical roles in three different behaviors. Without rewiring its anatomical connectivity, how can a motor neuron dynamically switch roles to play appropriate roles in various behaviors? We previously used voltage-sensitive dye imaging to record from DE-3 and most other neurons in the leech segmental ganglion during (fictive) swimming, crawling, and local-bend escape (Tomina and Wagenaar, 2017). Here, we repeated that experiment, then re-imaged the same ganglion using serial blockface electron microscopy and traced all of DE-3’s processes. Further, we traced back the processes of all of DE-3’s presynaptic partners to their respective somata. This allowed us to analyze the relationship between circuit anatomy and the activity patterns it sustains. We found that input synapses important for all of the behaviors were widely distributed over DE-3’s branches, yet that functional clusters were different during (fictive) swimming vs. crawling.