bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pethidine’s Half-life Alterations following Orthopedic Surgery: Is Available Literature Always Compatible with the Data Obtained at the Bedside?
Authors: Afshar Shima , Hashemian Farshad , Anari Sasan , Qomi Mahnaz , Rouini Mohammadreza 
Published: February 2020

Background: It is suggested that surgery results in changes in kinetic profile of some medication. The aim of this study was to investigate possible alterations in pethidine’s half-life in postoperative pain management following orthopedic surgery of the inferior limb.
Methods: Twelve patients, who were classified as class I patients according to the American society of anesthesiologists physical status classification, were enrolled. Following the surgery of the lower limb, 25 mg of pethidine was injected intravenously. After that, 5, 30, 60 and 180 minutes following the injection, blood samples were taken and concentration of pethidine in blood samples was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography method. Moreover, patients’ pain levels were assessed on visual analogue scales.
Results: The average half-life of pethidine was measured to be 29.68 minutes. Thirty minutes after the injection, significant relationship between plasma levels of pethidine and pain scale was reported (p= 0.041, r= 0.595). Moreover, men were found to perceive more pain than women. Pain scale was considerably different between smokers and non-smokers (p= 0.006), although blood concentration of pethidine was not significantly different between these two groups (p=0.09).
Conclusions: The average half-life of pethidine was shorter compared to the established half-life in literature. Orthopedic surgery most probably results in alterations in pharmacokinetic profile of pethidine. Moreover, gender and smoking status of the patients influence pain perception. Thus, pharmacokinetic alterations due to inferior limb orthopedic surgery, gender-related factors and smoking status of the patients should be considered in pain management in clinical settings.
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(4): 82-86.
A Drug Utilization Evaluation Study of Intravenous Acetaminophen in a Large Teaching Hospital
Authors: Esfahani Zeinab , Abrishami Ramin , Mousavinasab Seyed Ruhollah , Hatami-Mazinani Nazafarin 
Published: February 2020

Background: Intravenous (IV) acetaminophen has become the most commonly chosen analgesic medication in critical care settings. Overall, the cost of the drug is higher than oral and rectal acetaminophen. As a result, numerous studies have been performed to evaluate the appropriateness of IV acetaminophen use based on guidelines. A lot of studies have shown that there is poor quality in compliance with guideline in developing countries. Current study aims to evaluate prescribing behavior of IV acetaminophen regimens in hospitalized adults in Tehran, Iran.
Methods: We enrolled 277 patients (including 137 men and 140 women) with age ranged between 18-65 years. Demographic data and clinical and preclinical parameters such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, name of ward, prescribing reason, doses, dose intervals, number of doses, type of vehicle used and durations of infusion were collected and recorded for analysis.
Results: Our results have shown that guideline Adherence was seen only in 20 (7.22%) out of 277 patients. IV acetaminophen is prescribed mostly by emergency medicine specialists, and it is more inappropriately prescribed by these specialists in comparison to other specialists. It was also found that non-compliance of IV acetaminophen prescribing with guideline imposes additional 1038 USD for 3 months of the study.
Conclusion: The evaluation of prescribing indicators showed low quality prescription by medical specialists. The pattern of prescribing depending on the medical specialties was also different. In addition, overuse and misuse of IV acetaminophen imposes substantial cost and the economic burden on healthcare system.
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(4): 87-93.
Assessment of N-acetylcysteine as an Alternative for the Treatment of the Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rajabi Fatemeh , Haghanifar Monireh , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad 
Published: February 2020

Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a common condition affecting females' quality of life in a significant negative manner. Verities of medical treatments have been investigated for whether the prevention or treatment of this condition with uncertain outcomes. Currently, evidence has shown the role of oxidant and antioxidant agents in the etiology of PMDD. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent that we have aimed to assess its efficacy for the treatment of PMDD, and compare it with fluoxetine, as one of the choice treatment of this disorder.
Methods: The current randomized clinical trial has been conducted on 119 childbearing females, randomly divided into three groups of either treatment with 10 mg of fluoxetine twice daily or 450 mg of NAC twice daily or placebo in 2016-2018. The agents were administered daily for two weeks within the initiation of menstruation cycle for two menstruation cycles. The questionnaires of Hamilton and daily record of severity of problems (DRSP) were filled before and following the interventions for groups, and the results were compared.
Results: The baseline DRSP and Hamilton scores were not statistically different among the three groups (P>0.05) while by the end of the study all of the groups presented significantly improved scores (P<0.001). Comparison of three groups revealed remarkable inferiority of placebo to the other two groups (P<0.05) while no statistical difference was found between N-acetylcysteine with fluoxetine in terms of neither Hamilton (P:0.12) nor DRSP scores (P:0.75).
Conclusion: Findings of our study are in favor of NAC use for the treatment of PMDD. Further studies with larger sample size and elongated duration of treatment and follow-ups are strongly recommended.
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(4): 94-99
Evaluation of Albumin Administration Pattern in a Teaching University Affiliated Hospital in Iran
Authors: Zarepour Leila , Saghafi Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: February 2020

Background: Albumin has long been used as a critical medication in many hospitalized cases, especially for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) section. Some adverse clinical impacts and economic limitations have made the human albumin an appropriate therapeutic agent for extensive analyses.
Methods: This retrospective follow-up study was performed in Firozabadi hospital as a General Medical Teaching and Research Center with 12 major units and ICU sections. Information of the patients was collected based on the charts, physician and the nursing reports. We evaluated all 153 patients who used albumin in January to June 2016 (first 6-months) before guideline distribution and then during January to June 2018 (second 6-months).
Results: We evaluated current management protocols for hypoalbuminemia, sepsis shock, nephrotic syndrome, hepatorenal syndrome, CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident), cirrhosis, electrolyte disorder, cardiovascular surgery, edema and ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome). During this study, we found that before guideline distribution, 297 numbers (27.1% of total prescribed albumin vials) of albumin vials prescribed for 20 patients (18.6%); while after 18-month interval, guideline adoption the second 6-month administration pattern was not inappropriate; Nevertheless, the number of patients, vials, duration and level of albumin was different in comparison with the first evaluated group and were more accordant with standard instructions.
Conclusion: Some changes in administration strategies would be observed after executing the standard operating procedures and confirms that this approach might remarkably alter the physician’s attitude toward more rationalized prescription of critical agents that subsequently reduce the associated implied costs on health systems.
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(4): 100-105.
Investigating the Characteristics and Evolution of Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1) of Plasmodium sp. using Phylogenetic Approach in Searching for Drug Candidate
Authors: Nurdiansyah Rizky , Nathanael Ramanto Kevin , Jessica Priscilla 
Published: February 2020

Malaria is an endemic disease caused by Plasmodium parasite with female Anopheles mosquitoes as a vector. With the increase of drug resistance Plasmodium emerging around the world, a new method should be devised against the spread of Plasmodium sp lineage. Protein evolution of Plasmodium sp. can be an invaluable aid as an input for rational drug design and immune-informatics methods based on the novel virulent gene that exists in these protozoa. Previously, we did data mining in the PlasmoDB database and found several proteins shared by Plasmodium, one of them was the Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1). This protein was further analyzed for its characteristics and evolutionary properties. AMA1 protein sequences from human-infecting Plasmodium (P. falciparum, vivax, knowlesi, ovale, and malariae) and non-infectious (P. berghei, coatneyi, and cynomolgi) were retrieved from PlasmoDB. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree with molecular clock analysis was reconstructed from AMA1 sequences using MEGAX. Protein domain analysis was done using the INTERPRO server. Several domains that can induce protective immunity and vaccine target were found in AMA1 of those plasmodium, such as coiled-coil, disordered region, and signal peptide domain. Furthermore, molecular clock analysis showed a similar evolutionary rate between AMA1 protein in human-infecting and non-infectious Plasmodium. Interestingly, the phylogenetic tree showed a mixed cluster of human- infecting with non-infectious, indicating a unique evolutionary relationship between Plasmodium lineage. Thus, this information could be beneficial in developing the drug and vaccine for Plasmodium-related infection.
Keywords: AMA1, drug target, protein domain, protein evolution, Plasmodium.
Detection of cryIII gene in Local Isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Authors: Dwi Wahyuni Febriana , Fransisca Cindy , Saraswati Henny 
Published: February 2020

Bacillus thuringiensis is a biological biopesticide that was used for defense against pests. In B. thuringiensis there is a Cry protein that is only toxic to certain insects. This Cry protein is encoded by cry gene. There are many types of cry genes that have been identified, one of which is cryIII gene that is toxic to insects from the Coleoptera group as pests in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). The aim of this study was to amplify the cryIII gene from local isolate of B. thuringiensis. The method that can be used for cryIII gene amplification is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The primer pair is one of the important factors that determine the success of PCR. From a number of designed primers, the primer pair selected to be used in this study is Cry3B forward 5’-AAAGTGCGGCTATTCGACCA-3’ and Cry3B reverse 5’-CACTTCATCCTGTGACGCCT-3’. This primer pair successfully amplified cryIII gene and showed a DNA band with molecular size approximately 914 base pairs. Gradient PCR needs to be done for optimizing specific amplification of cryIII gene.

Keywords: PCR, primer, sweet potato
Protocol for a Longitudinal Analysis of the Vaginal Microbiome from a Pregnant Cohort of African Women in Nigeria
Authors: Odogwu Nkechi Martina , Onebunne Chinedum A. C. , Olayemi Oladapo O. , Omigbodun Akinyinka O. 
Published: February 2020

Background : The vaginal microbiota is an important component of the reproductive health of women as it offers protection against urogenital infection. African women are reported to have a vaginal microbiota colonized with high proportions of strict anaerobes rather than lactobacillus - dominated microbes. These strict anaerobes have been associated with pre-term birth and neonatal disease. The prevalence of pre- term birth (PTB) in Africa poses a major challenge to reproductive healthcare, hence the clinical and scientific attention focused on understanding the causative mechanisms of PTB. A pragmatic approach to curbing PTB requires the identification of the vaginal microbiome during various stages of a healthy pregnancy (the ‘normal’). This information will provide baseline data for future investigations of vaginal microbiome that may cause PTB (the ‘abnormal’). We present a protocol for the longitudinal analysis of vaginal microbiome in a cohort of pregnant women in Southwest Nigeria.
Methods : We propose to recruit 51 pregnant Nigerian women, enrolling them into the study at 17-21 gestational weeks. Two vaginal swab samples and three milliliters of blood would be collected at enrollment. Sample collection will be repeated at 27-31 weeks’ gestation, ?36 weeks’ gestation, 24-48 hours after birth and 6 weeks post-partum. DNA will be extracted from the vaginal samples and 16S rRNA sequencing would be performed. Blood samples collected would be assayed by ELISA technique for placental steroid hormones. Data will be statistically analyzed and considered in the light of vaginal microbial diversity, clinical, nutrition and other health data.
Conclusion and Global Health Implication : Our data set will bring new insights into the vaginal microbiome of apparently healthy African women in pregnancy and postpartum, which should serve as a baseline for the investigation of vaginal microbes that may provide useful information for the prediction and management of preterm birth. It is anticipated that these data will facilitate future personalized therapeutic management and consequently improve the reproductive health fitness of women in Africa.
Key words : • Vaginal microbiome • Pregnancy • Pre-term Birth • Nigeria • Women • Longitudinal analysis • Protocol

Copyright © 2020 Odogwu et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Pengembangan Keterampilan Sosial Anak Usia Dini Melalui Permainan Tradisional Madura
Authors: Fakhriyani Diana Vidya 
Published: February 2020

A person should have the social skills to be able to interact with his environment. Social skills should be developed at an early age, because at this early age individuals have learned to socialize with other individuals. Therefore, social skills can be developed from an early age, so that children can play a role in socializing with his environment. Development of early child social skills can be done with many things, one of Madurese traditional game. The traditional game of Madura is a game in Madura, which in fact is currently largely abandoned. There are various kinds of Madurese traditional games, where in this article there are games Kocheng-tekos and bhisek as one of the development alternatives that can be applied in order to develop social skills for early childhood.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Alat Permainan Edukatif (APE) Playdough Sebagai Sumber Belajar
Authors: Sahjat Sumarni , Samad Farida 
Published: February 2020

Minimnya kemampuan, kreativitas dan pengalaman guru PAUD dalam memanfaatkan alat dan bahan yang tersedia walaupun secara sederhana dalam pembelajaran di kelas merupakan salah satu alasan diadakan kegiatan Program Pengabdian Masyarakat (PPM) tentang Alat Permainan Edukatif (APE) yakni playdough di gugus PAUD Kota Ternate khususnya di gugus PAUD Ternate Tengah. Adapun tujuan kegiatan PPM ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan/pemahaman tentang APE playdough kepada guru-guru PAUD di gugus Ternate Tengah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus, memberikan keterampilan kepada guru PAUD tentang APE playdough sebagai salah sumber belajar di lingkungan sekolah. APE merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam pembelajaran anak di TK karena alat permainan tersebut akan menunjang kegiatan pembelajaran anak secara efektif dan menyenangkan serta mengembangkan berbagai potensi yang dimiliki anak secara optimal. Dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini guru PAUD gugus Ternate Tengah diberikan pelatihan pembuatan APE playdough berupa tanya jawab, demonstrasi ,diskusi dan evaluasi kegiatan. Luaran yang dicapai yaitu meningkatkan pengetahuan, kemampuan, pengalaman dan kreatifitas guru-guru PAUD se-gugus Kota Ternate dalam memanfaatkan playdough sederhana menjadi alat permainan edukatif (APE), terjalinnya kerjasama guru-guru PAUD terkait dan institusi Universitas dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran bagi anak usia dini, publikasi jurnal dan publikasi media massa.
La presencia china en América Latina: ¿desafío a la hegemonía estadounidense u oportunidades de cooperación?
Authors: Ghotme Rafat 
Published: February 2020

China ha expandido su influencia en América Latina. Esta expansión es presentada como una estrategia incómoda para Estados Unidos y sus aliados tradicionales, en tanto que China podría desplazar la hegemonía estadounidense en la región, minando sus esfuerzos para promover su agenda de libre comercio, democracia y derechos humanos. Sin embargo, como se demostrará en este artículo, China no representa una amenaza seria para Estados Unidos en el corto plazo, y de hecho la expansión de su influencia en la región ha sido percibida por el gobierno de Estados Unidos como una oportunidad para abrir nuevasperspectivas económicas y de seguridad. La principal razón de ello es que ambas potencias han implementado una política cautelosa y pragmática que busca consolidar sus objetivos de política exterior, prefiriendo promover sus intereses en un marco cooperativo y no conflictivo.
Un yatiri en los bulevares de la soledad: la lectura de coca como estrategia de resistencia cultural en Cábala para inmigrantes de José Luis Ayala
Authors: Iubini Vidal Giovanna 
Published: February 2020

Este estudio tiene por objetivo analizar la propuesta textual y cultural que surge de la obra del escritor puneñoJosé Luis Ayala, Cábala para inmigrantes (2003). Nuestra hipótesis es que el protagonista asume su condición de migrante a partir de su identidad andina y de su función de mediador con el mundo cósmico, es decir, como yatiri. En este sentido, es posible decir que busca su destino en París a través de la lectura de la coca; debido a eso, mediante su práctica ritual confronta el choque cultural, la discriminación y la racionalidad occidental. Esta acción se transforma en una estrategia que le permite resignificar el espacio de la extranjería, para convertirlo en un locus de resistencia cultural.
Homoeolog expression bias and expression level dominance (ELD) in four tissues of natural allotetraploid Brassica napus
Authors: Li Mengdi , Wang Ruihua , Wu Xiaoming , Wang Jianbo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Allopolyploidy is widespread in angiosperms, and they can coordinate two or more different genomes through genetic and epigenetic modifications to exhibit stronger vigor and adaptability. To explore the changes in homologous gene expression patterns in the natural allotetraploidBrassica napus(AnAnCnCn) relative to its two diploid progenitors, B. rapa(ArAr) and B. oleracea(CoCo), after approximately 7,500 years of domestication, the global gene pair expression patterns in four major tissues (stems, leaves, flowers and siliques) of these three species were analyzed using an RNA sequencing approach.
Results: The results showed that the ‘transcriptomic shock’ phenomenon was alleviated in natural B. napusafter approximately 7,500 years of natural domestication, andmost differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in B. napuswere downregulated relative to those in its two diploid progenitors. The KEGG analysis indicated that three pathways related to photosynthesis were enriched in both comparison groups (AnAnCnCnvs ArArand AnAnCnCnvs CoCo), and these pathways were all downregulated in four tissues of B. napus. In addition, the homoeolog expression bias and expression level dominance (ELD) in B. napuswere thoroughly studied through analysis of the expression levels of 27609 B. rapa-B. oleraceaorthologous gene pairs. The overwhelming majority of gene pairs (an average of 86.7%) in B. napusmaintained their expression pattern in two diploid progenitors, and approximately 78.1% of the gene pairs showed expression bias with a preference toward the A subgenome. Overall, an average of 48%, 29.7% and 22.3% homologous gene pairs exhibited additivity expression, ELD and transgressive expression inB. napus, respectively. The ELD bias varies from tissue to tissue; specifically, more gene pairs in stems and siliques showed ELD-A, whereas the opposite was observed in leaves and flowers. More transgressive upregulationexpression, rather than downregulationexpression, was observedin gene pairs of B. napus.
Conclusions:In general, these results may provide a comprehensive understanding of the changes in homologous gene expression patterns in natural B. napusafter approximately 7,500 years of evolution and domestication and may enhance our understanding ofallopolyploidy.
What impact do chronic disease self-management support interventions have on health inequity gaps related to socioeconomic status: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hardman Ruth , Begg Stephen , Spelten Evelien 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background:The social gradient in chronic disease (CD) is well-documented, and the ability to effectively self-manage is crucial to reducing morbidity and mortality from CD. This systematic review aimed to assess the moderating effect of socioeconomic status on self-management support (SMS) interventions in relation to participation, retention and post-intervention outcomes. Methods:Six databases were searched for studies of any design published until December 2018. Eligible studies reported on outcomes from SMS interventions for adults with chronic disease, where socioeconomic status was recorded and a between-groups comparison on SES was made. Possible outcomes were participation rates, retention rates and clinical or behavioural post-intervention results. Results: Nineteen studies were retrieved, including five studies on participation, five on attrition and nine studies reporting on outcomes following SMS intervention. All participation studies reported reduced engagement in low SES cohorts. Studies assessing retention and post-intervention outcomes had variable results, related to the diversity of interventions. A reduction in health disparity was seen in longer interventions that were individually tailored. Most studies did not provide a theoretical justification for the intervention being investigated, although four studies referred to Bandura’s concept of self-efficacy. Conclusions:The limited research suggests that socioeconomic status does moderate the efficacy of SMS interventions, such that without careful tailoring and direct targeting of barriers to self-management, SMS may exacerbate the social gradient in chronic disease outcomes. Screening for patient disadvantage or workload, rather than simply recording SES, may increase the chances of tailored interventions being directed to those most likely to benefit from them. Future interventions for low SES populations should consider focussing more on treatment burden and patient capacity. Trial registration:PROSPERO registration CRD42019124760. Registration date 17/4/19. Keywords: Self-management, socioeconomic status, health inequity, patient capacity, chronic disease