bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility and Tariff Policies: The Timing of Commitments and Policy Implications
Authors: Xu Lili , Su Fanrui , Lee Sang‐Ho 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn the context of international trade, we explore the role of strategic commitments by a local government concerning tariffs in the presence of firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. We examine and compare committed tariff and time‐consistent tariff regimes when a domestic or foreign firm engages in CSR activities, respectively. We demonstrate that under domestic CSR, the committed tariff yields lower optimal tariffs and higher strategic CSR than the time‐consistent tariff, resulting in higher welfare and lower profits for the CSR firm. Under foreign CSR, when firms’ products are more independent (substitutable), the committed tariff results in lower (higher) optimal tariffs, higher (lower) strategic CSR, and higher (lower) welfare than the time‐consistent tariff. We also examine an endogenous choice of commitment and find that the committed tariff is a desirable equilibrium under domestic CSR, whereas the time‐consistent tariff may be a desirable equilibrium under foreign CSR when firms’ products are more independent.
The impact of residual diabetic toe osteomyelitis at the conservative surgical resection margins on prognosis
Authors: Sun Haojie , Deng Weidong , Si Shanwen , Liu Xuekui , Geng Houfa , Liang Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsThe study is to investigate how residual osteomyelitis at conservative surgical resection margins affects the prognosis of diabetic toe osteomyelitis.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 67 participants with diabetic toe osteomyelitis who underwent conservative surgery were evaluated. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis was based on histopathology, and bone histopathology was done on the resection bone. After discharge, a 16‐week follow‐up was conducted, focusing on the wound healing time as the primary outcome. Cox regression analysis was employed as the primary method to analyse the risk factors that influence wound healing.ResultsAmong the 67 participants, 48 (71.6%) had positive bone margins, while 19 (28.4%) had negative bone margins. Participants with positive bone margins experienced an average healing time of 60.78 ± 18.50 days, whereas those with negative bone margins had an average healing time of 55.19 ± 14.60 days (p = 0.285). Bone margins (positive vs. negative) did not have an impact on wound healing (HR, 1.195 [95% CI, 0.668–2.136]; p = 0.549). Ankle‐brachial index was identified as a factor influencing wound healing (HR, 5.399 [95% CI, 1.145–25.455]; p = 0.033). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of wound healing rates (40 of 48 [83.3%] vs. 16 of 19 [84.2%], p = 0.93), inpatient days (19.48 ± 5.25 vs. 18.26 ± 4.79 days, p = 0.385) and duration of antibiotics (32.33 ± 5.64 vs. 30.53 ± 6.93 days, p = 0.272).ConclusionThe residual osteomyelitis in diabetic toe osteomyelitis post‐conservative surgery does not impact the wound healing.
From Virtual Reality to Reality: Fine‐Tuning the Taxonomy for Extended Reality Simulation in Dental Education
Authors: Serrano Carlos M. , Atenas María J. , Rodriguez Patricio J. , Vervoorn Johanna M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionDigital simulation in dental education has substantially evolved, addressing several educational challenges in dentistry. Following global lockdowns and sustainability concerns, dental educators are increasingly adopting digital simulation to enhance or replace traditional training methods. This review aimed to contribute to a uniform taxonomy for extended reality (XR) simulation within dental education.MethodsThis scoping review followed the PRISMA and PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched. Eligible studies included English‐written publications in indexed journals related to digital simulation in dental/maxillofacial education, providing theoretical descriptions of extended reality (XR) and/or immersive training tools (ITT). The outcomes of the scoping review were used as building blocks for a uniform of XR‐simulation taxonomy.ResultsA total of 141 articles from 2004 to 2024 were selected and categorised into Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality (MR), Augmented Reality (AR), Augmented Virtuality (AV) and Computer Simulation (CS). Stereoscopic vision, immersion, interaction, modification and haptic feedback were identified as recurring features across XR‐simulation in dentistry. These features formed the basis for a general XR‐simulation taxonomy.DiscussionWhile XR‐simulation features were consistent in the literature, the variety of definitions and classifications complicated the development of a taxonomy framework. VR was frequently used as an umbrella term. To address this, operational definitions were proposed for each category within the virtuality continuum, clarifying distinctions and commonalities.ConclusionThis scoping review highlights the need for a uniform taxonomy in XR simulation within dental education. Establishing a consensus on XR‐related terminology and definitions facilitates future research, allowing clear evidence reporting and analysis. The proposed taxonomy may also be of use for medical education, promoting alignment and the creation of a comprehensive body of evidence in XR technologies.
The Role of Planning in Cognitive Processing During L2 Writing
Authors: Abdi Tabari Mahmoud , Golparvar Seyyed Ehsan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study adopted a cognitive‐processing approach to explore the role of planning modes in L2 writing production and the allocation of attentional resources by L2 learners during planning and writing. A total of 120 L2 learners in an ESL writing course at a university in the United States were assigned to one of four conditions: (1) written planning (10 min note‐taking + 40 min writing), (2) visual planning (10 min using visual tools + 40 min writing), (3) collaborative planning (10 min discussing with peers + 40 min writing), or (4) no planning (40 min writing without pre‐task planning). After completing the writing task, participants took part in a stimulated recall interview. The findings showed that different planning modes had significant effects on the syntactic and lexical complexity and accuracy of L2 writing compared to no planning. However, planning modes did not affect L2 writing fluency. The stimulated recalls revealed that attentional resources primarily focused on content and organization during pre‐task planning, regardless of the planning mode used. Attention was also directed toward lexical and grammatical encodings during pre‐task planning and writing. Additionally, regardless of the planning mode, attentional resources were predominantly dedicated to monitoring during the writing stage. This mixed‐methods study provided deeper insights into the cognitive processes involved in planning and writing.
Premature hair graying: a multifaceted phenomenon
Authors: Desai Deesha D. , Karim Maria , Nohria Ambika , Needle Carli , Brinks Anna , Kearney Caitlin A. , Ridge Amy , Mesinkovska Natasha , Shapiro Jerry , Lo Sicco Kristen I. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPremature hair graying (PHG) is the early loss of natural hair color, influenced by genetic, biological, and environmental factors. This review discusses the significant psychological impacts of PHG and explores its underlying mechanisms, related health conditions, and available treatments. The review examines the roles of genetics, oxidative stress, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and diet in premature graying. It also considers associated medical conditions and current and emerging treatment options. This overview aims to improve understanding of PHG and its broader implications.
Disparities and longitudinal complications in opioid prescriptions after dermatologic surgery: An international propensity score‐matched, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lauck Kyle C. , Limmer Emily , Nguyen Kaycee , Tolkachjov Stanislav N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn dermatology, the majority of opioid prescriptions occur in dermatologic surgery. Even short courses of opioids are linked to substance abuse. Reported rates of opioid prescription in dermatologic surgery are variable, with no consensus on when they should be prescribed. Little population data currently exists on opioids in dermatologic surgery and the potentially serious complications that result. Here, we use an international patient data network to evaluate trends in postoperative opioid prescription in the setting of dermatologic surgery and complications that may result.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed patients within the TriNetX research network. A total of 1,160,223 dermatologic surgery patients were extracted. Risk analyses were conducted examining (1) oral opioid prescription within 2 days postsurgery; (2) adverse events related to opioid use 3 months to 5 years postsurgery. Propensity score matching included variables: age, gender, race, ethnicity, complex regional pain syndrome, back pain, osteoarthritis, and malignancy.ResultsA total of 124,292 (13.6%) patients received postsurgical opioids. Black or African American race, female gender, and Latino ethnicity were associated with significantly higher absolute risk of postsurgical opioid prescription. A positive history of prior opioid prescription, opioid abuse or dependence, or substance abuse yielded a significant increase in the absolute risk of receiving postsurgical opioids (P < 0.0001). Patients prescribed postsurgical opioids had a statistically significantly higher risk of subsequent oral opioid prescription (P < 0.0001), opioid abuse (P = 0.0005), substance abuse (P < 0.0001), overdose by opioids (P = 0.031), constipation (P < 0.0001), and chronic pain (P < 0.0001) 3 months to 5 years after surgery.ConclusionsThis study finds female, African American, and Latino populations have a higher risk of being prescribed opioids postoperatively. This prescription may confer risks of potentially serious complications related to opioid use. Dermatologic surgeons should be aware of the risks these populations face when determining candidacy for postsurgical opioid analgesia.
Healthcare Providers' Experiences With and Perspective on Delivering the Enhanced Recovery After Elective Caesarean Birth Pathway With Next‐Day Discharge: Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Digenis Christianna , Cusack Lynette , Salter Amy , Winter Amelia , Turnbull Deborah 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo understand the perspectives and experiences of healthcare providers who have experience working with an enhanced recovery care after elective caesarean birth pathway with next‐day discharge and home midwifery.DesignThis study applies a qualitative study design with a pragmatic realist approach. The realist framework was used while also taking a post‐positivist philosophy.MethodsThe work was conducted in South Australia, Australia between May and October 2019. Twenty‐three semi‐structured interviews were completed with 5 doctors and 18 midwives who had occupational experience working with the pathway. Interviews were analysed using following the six‐phase qualitative thematic analysis process outlined by Braun and Clarke. COREQ guidelines were followed.ResultsFour main themes and 11 sub‐themes were identified. Main themes identified were as follows: The pathway is more than just early discharge; experiences with the process; staff engagement with the pathway; and the impact of the pathway within the health system.ConclusionHealthcare providers generally accepted the pathway and found enhanced recovery care to be a positive and beneficial model of care. Staff identified five main challenges with implementing the pathway: early discharge; eligible women's automatic inclusion on the pathway; engaging women; change for staff and organisational constraints and procedures. Elements that support integration include the following: education for women; reassurance and communication with women and families; prepared care and supports including home midwifery; staff education and communication of the evidence; clear guidelines and protocols; defined staff roles; enough clinical time and clinical flexibility.ImpactKnowledge from staff in this study would be useful for other health services to consider when looking to deliver similar models of care.Patient or Public ContributionThe health service and health providers were involved with the initiation and development of the research aims and design.
The Support Needs of Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Study Based on the Nurturing Care Framework
Authors: Li Fei , Li Qinling , Shen Qiao , Zhang Xin , Leng Hongyao , Liu Yue , Zheng Xianlan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore the support needs of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in China under the guidance of the nurturing care framework (NCF).DesignA descriptive qualitative study design was used.MethodsFourteen parents of 2–6‐year‐old children with autism were recruited for face‐to‐face individual interviews in Chongqing between July and November 2023. NVivo 12.0 software was used to manage the data, and a directed content analysis was performed to extract themes.ResultsFive nurturing care needs of parents of children with autism were extracted, including acquisition of health‐ and disorder‐related knowledge and information, maintenance of psychological and physical wellbeing, desire for individualised caregiver skills training, creation of multi‐agent social support network, and accessibility of high‐quality and coordinated services.ConclusionParents of children with autism have multidimensional unmet nurturing care needs. It is crucial to address these needs and develop targeted family support programs with consideration of the extracted need components.Implications for Profession and/or Patient CareThis study implies that health education, parental empowerment and psychological support should be prioritised in future family support programs. The findings also emphasise the importance of establishing a cross‐departmental coordination mechanism and building a multi‐agent social support network for families of children with autism.ImpactThis study expands our understanding on the support needs of families of children with autism and enriches the theoretical connotation of nurturing care framework, and the results may inform the development of tailored support programs for families of children with autism in China.Reporting MethodThe results are reported in accordance with the reporting guidelines of the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ).Patient or Public ContributionNo patient and public contribution.
Racism, Speciesism, and the Argument from Analogy: A Critique of the Discourse of Animal Liberation
Authors: Cantens Kristian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPeter Singer's argument against ‘speciesism’ has served as the theoretical foundation for the modern animal rights movement. His argument is that the wrongs we do to animals are analogous to those committed against marginalized humans; that if we are opposed to one, then we should also be opposed to the other. Despite the argument's popularity, those historically oppressed groups to whom animals are compared have been critical of it, perceiving the analogy as dehumanizing. Animal activists have struggled to understand this criticism, arguing that the analogy is only dehumanizing if one believes animals to be inferior in the first place – which is exactly what they dispute. What they fail to realize, I argue, is that the disagreement cannot be reduced to a difference in what one chooses to value. It is, instead, fundamentally conceptual. To be likened to an ‘Animal’ is something different for they who have never been regarded as ‘fully human’ in the first place. It is only after animal activists appreciate this – the singular character of human oppression, how it differs conceptually from the injustice that animals can be subject to – that the building of alliances and the work of collaboration can begin in earnest.
The effect of fabrication procedures and thermomechanical loading on the structural properties of screw‐retained metal‐ceramic implant restorations: An in vitro study
Authors: Mohebbi Hosein , Habibzadeh Sareh , Alikhasi Marzieh , Mosaddad Seyed Ali , Ghodsi Safoura 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeMetal‐ceramic screw‐retained implant restorations persist as a fundamental choice in specific clinical scenarios. Little is known about the effects of fabrication steps and aging on their structural properties. This study aimed to investigate how laboratory fabrication procedures and thermomechanical loading affect the structural properties of screw‐retained metal‐ceramic implant restorations.Materials and MethodsTen screw‐retained metal‐ceramic restorations were conventionally cast using UCLA chromium‐cobalt overcast abutments. After 500 cycles of thermocycling and 500,000 cycles of mechanical loading, changes in connection dimensions and rotational freedom (RF) were measured and compared at various fabrication steps and post‐thermomechanical loading. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was employed to analyze trends across the studied time points within the fabrication stage and after thermomechanical loading, with LSD post‐hoc tests applied for pairwise comparisons. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05.ResultsSignificant changes were observed across the analyzed time points: the average hexagonal side length (L) decreased (p < 0.001), and the average hexagonal angle deformation (P) increased, with notable differences observed in most comparisons between different fabrication steps (p < 0.001). Short (T1) and long (T2) diagonals of the hexagon showed downward trends (p < 0.001), while concentricity (O) and RF increased (p < 0.001), except between porcelain firing and loading steps for RF (p = 0.637). Casting had the greatest impact on variations in O (93.33%), T1 (88.88%), and T2 (45%), while porcelain firing significantly affected L (71.42%), P (71.42%), with the greatest effect on RF (75.32%).ConclusionsThe fabrication processes and simulated clinical use adversely impacted the structural integrity and RF of abutments in screw‐retained chromium‐cobalt overcast implant restorations.
Continuity of supervision: Balancing continuous and episodic relationships for assessment and learning
Authors: Lee Ann , Jere Anoushka , Du Plessis Lihani , Van Gerven Pascal W. M. , Heeneman Sylvia , Ross Shelley 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionMeaningful supervisor–resident relationships enhance feedback and learning, yet not all relationships reach this potential. While there is increasing interest in continuity of supervision (CoS) to build relationships that support feedback and promote learning, there remains a limited understanding of how relationships develop and influence assessment over time. The aim of this study was to explore how supervisors and learners in postgraduate medical education perceive CoS relationships and their impact on feedback and assessment.MethodsWe used constructivist grounded theory informed by the educational alliance to develop insight into how supervisor and resident perceptions of episodic and continuous relationships impact feedback and assessment. We interviewed 22 participants, including 14 family medicine residents and eight faculty advisors. We iteratively analysed the data concurrently with data collection.ResultsIn episodic relationships, participants accepted superficiality for variety and diversity in feedback. In continuous relationships, we identified four sub‐types. Our participants described how each of these relationships impacted their perceptions of the feedback and assessment information given or received and resulted in different steps taken in response to their perceptions: (i) Not developing—tolerate feedback and seek out additional assessors, (ii) deteriorating—avoid feedback and seek out alternative assessors, (iii) developing—value and tailor feedback and (iv) becoming a friendship—question bias in feedback and advocate for more assessors.ConclusionsEpisodic and continuous relationships offered feedback and assessment value. However, deeper analysis of the continuous relationships revealed additional complexity. Understanding the nuances of CoS relationships is important for supporting successful relationships and improving feedback and assessment.
A narrative of arrival and return in Imbolo Mbue's Behold the Dreamers
Authors: Gasztold Brygida 
Published: December 2024

AbstractImbolo Mbue's novel Behold the Dreamers offers a conscious contextualizing of the movement back to the homeland by those who arrive uninvited and face the hostility of reluctant hosts. For centuries, North America has attracted many with a prospective dream of happiness, better conditions of living, higher purchasing power, and a share of all the good things of modern life, from industrial products to education. The glamour of greener pastures abroad has held a steady grip on the generations of potential immigrants. While the U.S. cherishes the idea of itself as a land so abundant in promise and possibility that no newcomer would ever want to leave, the reality turns out to be more complex for Mbue's protagonists—the Cameroonian immigrants Jende and Neni Jonda, who enjoy few privileges but endure varying degrees of hardships and discrimination. Their story falls into the category of what Adam Kirsch (2016) no longer calls “immigrant” but “migrant” literature:— “[m]igrant novels focus on characters for whom America is a stage of life rather than a final destination. Their protagonists may come to the First World legally or illegally, from a position of strength or weakness. But they see life in America, and often Europe, as means to an end—education, wealth, political freedom—rather than ends in themselves” (Kirsch, The global novel: Writing the world in the 21st century. Columbia Global Reports 2016, 82). My paper examines the reasons for their arrival in the American Promised Land, discussing push and pull factors, and follows their decision to go back to Cameroon, signaling those aspects of the North American experience that challenge and impede their success. Return as the critical paradigm shifts the perspective, bringing Africa from the periphery of the developing world to the narrative center. I adopt a post‐colonial feminist approach, to demonstrate how gender impacts the experience of immigration and their decision‐making process, gesturing towards return migration as a viable alternative to a traumatic existence for those with no legal rights to remain in the U.S.
The limits of labels: Jane Addams and her views on self‐determination and imperialism, 1899–1923
Authors: Gordon Sheryl 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite the vast scholarship on Jane Addams, her views on imperialism and self‐determination have not been closely studied. Understanding her views can help to disentangle knotted ideas of anti‐imperialism, pacifism, and pragmatism. Using her understudied post–World War I public statements, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) correspondence, and personal correspondence, this article analyzes her responses to a few major issues of the early twentieth century in which imperialism was viewed as a core issue. It argues that Addams remained deeply committed to her core beliefs of pacifism and democracy, but she switched from a grassroots approach to political, social, and economic reform adopted before the war to an internationally centralized supra‐governmental approach after. It also argues that Addams's perspective and position on Irish independence and the mandate system differed from her colleagues in the WILPF in more profound ways than previously understood.