bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open‐label study to investigate the safety and efficacy of adjunctive perampanel in pediatric patients (4 to <12 years) with inadequately controlled focal seizures or generalized tonic‐clonic seizures
Authors: Fogarasi Andras , Flamini Robert , Milh Mathieu , Phillips Steven , Yoshitomi Shinsaku , Patten Anna , Takase Takao , Laurenza Antonio , Ngo Leock Y. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveStudy 311 (NCT02849626) was a global, multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study that assessed safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of once‐daily adjunctive perampanel oral suspension in pediatric patients (aged 4 to <12 years) with focal seizures (FS) (with/without focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures [FBTCS]) or generalized tonic‐clonic seizures (GTCS).MethodsIn the 311 Core Study, a 4‐week Pre‐treatment Period (Screening/Baseline) preceded a 23‐week Treatment Period (11‐week Titration; 12‐week Maintenance) and 4‐week Follow‐up. Endpoints included safety/tolerability (primary endpoint), median percent change in seizure frequency per 28 days from Baseline (Treatment Period), and 50% responder and seizure‐freedom rates (Maintenance Period). Patients were stratified by age (4 to <7; 7 to <12 years) and concomitant enzyme‐inducing anti‐seizure drug (EIASD) use.ResultsOne hundred eighty patients were enrolled (FS, n = 149; FBTCS, n = 54; GTCS, n = 31). The Core Study was completed by 146 patients (81%); the most common primary reason for discontinuation was adverse event (AE) (n = 14 [8%]). Mean (standard deviation) daily perampanel dose was 7.0 (2.6) mg/day and median (interquartile range) duration of exposure was 22.9 (2.0) weeks. The overall incidence of treatment‐emergent AEs (TEAEs; 89%) was similar between patients with FS (with/without FBTCS) and GTCS. The most common TEAEs were somnolence (26%) and nasopharyngitis (19%). There were no clinically important changes observed for cognitive function, laboratory, or electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters or vital signs. Median percent reductions in seizure frequency per 28 days from Baseline were as follows: 40% (FS), 59% (FBTCS), and 69% (GTCS). Corresponding 50% responder and seizure‐freedom rates were as follows: FS, 47% and 12%; FBTCS, 65% and 19%; and GTCS, 64% and 55%, respectively. Improvements in response/seizure frequency from Baseline were seen regardless of age or concomitant EIASD use.SignificanceResults from the 311 Core Study suggest that daily oral doses of adjunctive perampanel are generally safe, well tolerated, and efficacious in children age 4 to <12 years with FS (with/without FBTCS) or GTCS.
Mitigating the negative effects of emotional labor: A study of disaster response and recovery workers after the 2010 Haiti earthquake
Authors: Kroll Alexander , Remington Christa L. , Awasthi Pallavi , Ganapati N. Emel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne of the most pressing governance challenges around the globe is managing disasters and their underlying risk factors. Little is known about effective strategies to minimize burnout and posttraumatic stress disorder among practitioners involved in addressing this challenge, especially in countries that rely mainly on international aid agencies for the delivery of basic services to their citizens. This article draws on the emotional labor literature to identify routes addressing the negative consequences of doing response and recovery work in postdisaster contexts. Based primarily on surveys and interviews with response and recovery workers involved after the 2010 Haiti earthquake, it advances and extends previous emotional labor theory on the mitigating factors of service workers' burnout. It points to the importance of autonomy and training as well as five coping mechanisms: relying on informal support, utilizing humor, leaving work at work, decompressing alone, and rotating job positions.
Association of maternal prepregnancy weight and early childhood weight with obesity in adolescence: A population‐based longitudinal cohort study in Japan
Authors: Yoshida Satomi , Kimura Takeshi , Noda Masahiro , Takeuchi Masato , Kawakami Koji 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe impact of birth weight and obesity in early childhood on obesity in adolescence remains unclear.ObjectivesTo examine the association of overweight/obesity at age 15 years with birth weight, overweight/obesity in early childhood and overweight/obesity in mothers.MethodsThis population‐based retrospective cohort study used early childhood and school age health check‐up data of 1581 children in Japan, followed‐up until age 15 years. Generalized estimation equation analyses were used to investigate the association of overweight/obesity at age 15 years with low/high birth weight, overweight/obesity in 3 years of age and overweight/obesity in mothers. The cutoff points for all variables were defined by international criteria.ResultsOf 1581 mother‐child pairs, 130 (8.2%) children had low birth weight, while 93 (5.9%) and 167 (10.6%) were overweight/obese at age 3 and 15 years, respectively. Overweight/obesity at age 3 years and overweight/obesity in mothers were associated with overweight/obesity at age 15 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.51–7.25 and (aOR, 2.46; 95% CI: 1.41–4.30). No association between low birth weight and overweight/obesity at age 15 years was observed.ConclusionsOverweight/obesity in mothers and overweight/obesity at 3 years of age, but not birth weight, were associated with overweight/obesity at age 15 years.
Shrinkage Estimation Strategies in Generalised Ridge Regression Models: Low/High‐Dimension Regime
Authors: Yüzbaşı Bahadır , Arashi Mohammad , Ejaz Ahmed S. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this study, we suggest pretest and shrinkage methods based on the generalised ridge regression estimation that is suitable for both multicollinear and high‐dimensional problems. We review and develop theoretical results for some of the shrinkage estimators. The relative performance of the shrinkage estimators to some penalty methods is compared and assessed by both simulation and real‐data analysis. We show that the suggested methods can be accounted as good competitors to regularisation techniques, by means of a mean squared error of estimation and prediction error. A thorough comparison of pretest and shrinkage estimators based on the maximum likelihood method to the penalty methods. In this paper, we extend the comparison outlined in his work using the least squares method for the generalised ridge regression.
Biotic interactions help explain variation in elevational range limits of birds among Bornean mountains
Authors: Burner Ryan C. , Boyce Andy J. , Bernasconi David , Styring Alison R. , Shakya Subir B. , Boer Chandradewana , Rahman Mustafa Abdul , Martin Thomas E. , Sheldon Frederick H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimPhysiological tolerances and biotic interactions along habitat gradients are thought to influence species occurrence. Distributional differences caused by such forces are particularly noticeable on tropical mountains, where high species turnover along elevational gradients occurs over relatively short distances and elevational distributions of particular species can shift among mountains. Such shifts are interpreted as evidence of the importance of spatial variation in interspecific competition and habitat or climatic gradients. To assess the relative importance of competition and compression of habitat and climatic zones in setting range limits, we examined differences in elevational ranges of forest bird species among four Bornean mountains with distinct features.LocationBornean mountains Kinabalu, Mulu, Pueh and Topap Oso.TaxonRain forest bird communities along elevational gradients.MethodsWe surveyed the elevational ranges of rain forest birds on four mountains in Borneo to test which environmental variables—habitat zone compression or presence of likely competitors—best predicted differences in elevational ranges of species among mountains. For this purpose, we used two complementary tests: a comparison of elevational range limits between pairs of mountains, and linear mixed models with naïve occupancy as the response variable.ResultsWe found that lowland species occur higher in elevation on two small mountains compared to Mt. Mulu. This result is inconsistent with the expectation that distributions of habitats are elevationally compressed on small mountains, but is consistent with the hypothesis that a reduction in competition (likely diffuse) on short mountains, which largely lack montane specialist species, allows lowland species to occur higher in elevation. The relative influence of competition changes with elevation, and the correlation between lower range limits of montane species and the distribution of their competitors was weaker than in lowland species.Main conclusionsThese findings provide support for the importance of biotic interactions in setting elevational range limits of tropical bird species, although abiotic gradients explain the majority of distribution patterns. Thus, models predicting range shifts under climate change scenarios must include not only climatic variables, as is currently most common, but also information on potentially resulting changes in species interactions, especially for lowland species.
Follicular helper T cells recruit eosinophils into host liver by producing CXCL12 during Schistosoma japonicum infection
Authors: Chen Xiaojun , Xu Zhipeng , Wei Chuan , Yang XiaoWei , Xu Lei , Zhou Sha , Zhu Jifeng , Su Chuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSchistosomiasis affects at least 200 million people in tropical and subtropical areas. The major pathology of schistosomiasis is egg‐induced liver granuloma characterized by an eosinophil‐rich inflammatory infiltration around the eggs, which subsequently leads to hepatic fibrosis and circulatory impairment in host. However, the mechanisms how eosinophils are recruited into the liver, which are crucial for the better understanding of the mechanisms underlying granuloma formation and control of schistosomiasis, remain unclear. In this study, we showed that follicular helper T (Tfh) cells participate in recruitment of eosinophils into liver partially by producing CXCL12 during schistosome infection. Our findings uncovered a previously unappreciated role of Tfh cells in promotion of the development of liver granuloma in schistosomiasis, making Tfh‐CXCL12‐eosinophil axis a potential target for intervention of schistosomiasis.
Impact of risk factor control interventions for smoking cessation and promotion of healthy lifestyles in patients with periodontitis: A systematic review
Authors: Ramseier Christoph A. , Woelber Johan P. , Kitzmann Julia , Detzen Laurent , Carra Maria Clotilde , Bouchard Philippe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this systematic review was to identify the most recent widely accepted guidelines for risk factor control interventions and to assess their impact in patients with periodontitis.Materials and methodsThe electronic search strategy included a first systematic search to identify guidelines for interventions for smoking cessation, diabetes control, physical exercise (activity), change of diet, carbohydrate (dietary sugar) reduction and weight loss in the general population and a second systematic search to identify the studies evaluating these interventions in periodontitis patients.ResultsA total of 13 guidelines and 25 studies were selected. Most guidelines included recommendations for all healthcare providers to provide interventions and follow‐up counselling with the risk factors considered in the present review. In patients with periodontitis, interventions for smoking cessation and diabetes control were shown to improve periodontal health while the impact of dietary interventions and the promotion of other healthy lifestyles were moderate or limited.ConclusionsWhile aiming to improve treatment outcomes and the maintenance of periodontal health, current evidence suggests that interventions for smoking cessation and diabetes control are effective, thus emphasizing the need of behavioural support in periodontal care.
Sex differences in brain oscillatory activity during sleep and wakefulness in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Muñoz‐Torres Zeidy , Jiménez‐Correa Ulises , Montes‐Rodríguez Corinne J. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryEpidemiological studies consistently show a male predominance in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Hormonal differences, breathing control, upper airway anatomy and fat distribution have been proposed as causes of gender differences in OSA. Clinical manifestations are accentuated in men, although white matter structural integrity is affected in women. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have explored gender differences in the electrical brain activity features of OSA. Polysomnography was performed on 43 patients with untreated OSA (21 women, 22 men), and power spectral density (1–50 Hz) was compared between groups across sleep and wakefulness at two levels of OSA severity. Severe versus moderate OSA showed decreased power for fast frequencies (25–29 Hz) during wakefulness. OSA men displayed decreased power of a large frequency range (sigma, beta and gamma) during sleep compared with women. Comparisons of men with severe versus moderate OSA presented significantly decreased sigma power during non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, but significantly increased delta activity during REM sleep. Meanwhile, women with severe versus moderate OSA showed no significant power differences in any condition. These findings indicated a different evolution of brain oscillations between OSA men and women with significant impairment of brain activity related to cognitive processes. Our study emphasizes the importance of understanding the differential effects of sleep disorders on men and women in order to develop more precise diagnostic criteria according to gender, including quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis tools.
Critically reflective practice and its sources: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Ng Stella L. , Mylopoulos Maria , Kangasjarvi Emilia , Boyd Victoria A. , Teles Sabrina , Orsino Angela , Lingard Lorelei , Phelan Shanon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContextCritical reflection may improve health professionals’ performance of the social roles of care (eg collaboration) in indeterminate zones of practice that are ambiguous, unique, unstable or value‐conflicted. Research must explore critical reflection in practice and how it is developed. In this study, we explored what critical reflection consisted of in a context known for indeterminacy, and to what sources participants attributed their critically reflective insights and approaches.MethodsThe study context was the interface between health care and education for children with chronic conditions or disabilities necessitating health‐related recommendations and supports (eg accommodations or equipment) at school. We conducted a secondary analysis of 42 interview transcripts from an institutional ethnographic study involving health professionals, school‐based educators and parents of children with chronic conditions or disabilities. We coded all transcripts for instances of critical reflection, moments that seemed to lack but could benefit from critical reflection, and participant‐attributed sources of critically reflective insights.ResultsCritically reflective practice involved getting to know the other, valuing and leveraging different forms and sources of knowledge, identifying and communicating workarounds (ie strategies to circumvent imperfect systems), seeing inequities, and advocating as collaborators, not adversaries. Participants invariably attributed critically reflective insights to personal experiences such as former careers or close personal relationships.ConclusionsThis study shows that personal experiences and connections inspire critically reflective views, and that being critically reflective is not a binary trait possessed (or not) by individuals. It is learnable through personally meaningful experiences. Health professions education could aim to preserve philosophical space for personal experience as a source of learning and integrate evidence‐informed approaches to foster critically reflective practice.
Cell envelope defects of different capsule‐null mutants in K1 hypervirulentKlebsiella pneumoniaecan affect bacterial pathogenesis
Authors: Tan Yi Han , Chen Yahua , Chu Wilson H. W. , Sham Lok‐To , Gan Yunn‐Hwen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHypervirulentKlebsiella pneumoniae(hvKP) causesKlebsiella‐induced liver abscess. Capsule is important for the pathogenesis ofKlebsiellain systemic infection, but its role in gut colonisation is not well understood. By generating ΔwcaJ, Δwzaand Δwzycapsule‐null mutants in a prototypical K1 hypervirulent isolate, we show that inactivation ofwza(capsule exportase) andwzy(capsule polymerase) confer cell envelope defects in addition to capsule loss, making them susceptible to bile salts and detergent stress. Bile salt resistance is restored when the initial glycosyltransferasewcaJwas inactivated together withwzy, indicating that build‐up of capsule intermediates contribute to cell envelope defects. Mouse gut colonisation competition assays show that the capsule and its regulator RmpA were not required for hvKP to persist in the gut, although initial colonisation was decreased in the mutants. Both ΔrmpAand ΔwcaJmutants gradually outcompeted the wild type in the gut, whereas Δwzaand Δwzymutants were less fit than wild type. Together, our results advise caution in using the right capsule‐null mutant for determination of capsule's role in bacterial pathogenesis. With the use of ΔwcaJmutant, we found that although the capsule is important for bacterial survival outside the gut environment, it imposes a fitness cost in the gut.
Behavioural response of the house mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens molestus to avian odours and its reliance on carbon dioxide
Authors: Spanoudis C. G. , Andreadis S. S. , Bray D. P. , Savopoulou‐Soultani M. , Ignell R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHow Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes select and discriminate between potential avian hosts is critical for understanding the epidemiology of West Nile virus. Therefore, the present authors studied the behavioural responses of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and Culex pipiens molestus (Forsskål) to headspace volatiles of three avian species [chicken and pigeon (sexes analysed separately), and magpie], presented either alone or in combination with 600 p.p.m. carbon dioxide (CO2). The attraction of Cx. quinquefasciatus to the headspace volatiles of both sexes of chicken, and of female pigeon, in combination with CO2 was significantly higher than that achieved by the CO2 and solvent control. Although Cx. p. molestus was attracted to headspace volatiles of chickens and magpies, it was repelled by those of female pigeons when combined with CO2. An increased effect between the avian volatiles and CO2 was observed for Cx. quinquefasciatus, whereas the addition of CO2 had no effect on the attraction of Cx. p. molestus females. The results of this study demonstrate that Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. p. molestus are attracted to the odour of potential avian hosts. Future studies aimed at identifying the bioactive volatile compounds in the headspace of chickens may contribute to the potential development of effective surveillance and control tools against Culex species.
Moral perception
Authors: Werner Preston J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMoral perceptualism is the theory that perception and perceptual experience is attuned to moral features in our environment. This idea has received renewed attention in the last 15–20 years, for its potential to do theoretical work in moral epistemology and moral psychology. In this paper, I review the main motivations and arguments for moral perceptualism, the variety of theories that go under the heading of “moral perception,” and the three biggest challenges to moral perception.https://youtu.be/9cC_1ZYKq80
Canine fertility: The consequences of selection for special traits
Authors: Marelli Stefano P. , Beccaglia Michela , Bagnato Alessandro , Strillacci Maria G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPedigree dogs and cats are bred aiming to conform breed standards with very poor consideration for breeding stock fertility. At the same time, the genetic asset underlining reproductive traits could be effectively analysed like in other species under selection. The definition of selection targets is very important in breeding protocols determination. The aim of the present work is to present an overview of the different correlations between reproduction and genetics, starting from selection procedure and inbreeding coefficient moving to genomic and the application of SNPs and GWAS on population study and identification of genes involved in phenotypical variation of reproductive traits in dogs. Particular relevance has been given to the concept of inbreeding which effects on canine reproduction have been presented. The use of genomic information in inbreeding coefficient calculation can be considered an improved effective procedure in the evaluation of the genetic variability loss in canine population and its negative effects on reproductive traits.
An experimental study of the feasibility of phase‐based video magnification for damage detection and localisation in operational deflection shapes
Authors: Civera M. , Zanotti Fragonara L. , Surace C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOptical measurements from high‐speed, high‐definition video recordings can be used to define the full‐field dynamics of a structure. By comparing the dynamic responses resulting from both damaged and undamaged elements, structural health monitoring can be carried out, similarly as with mounted transducers. Unlike the physical sensors, which provide point‐wise measurements and a limited number of output channels, high‐quality video recording allows very spatially dense information. Moreover, video acquisition is a noncontact technique. This guarantees that any anomaly in the dynamic behaviour can be more easily correlated to damage and not to added mass or stiffness due to the installed sensors.However, in real‐life scenarios, the vibrations due to environmental input are often so small that they are indistinguishable from measurement noise if conventional image‐based techniques are applied. In order to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio in low‐amplitude measurements, phase‐based motion magnification has been recently proposed.This study intends to show that model‐based structural health monitoring can be performed on modal data and time histories processed with phase‐based motion magnification, whereas unamplified vibrations would be too small for being successfully exploited. All the experiments were performed on a multidamaged box beam with different damage sizes and angles.