bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rain-induced bioecological resuspension of radiocaesium in a polluted forest in Japan
Authors: Kita Kazuyuki , Igarashi Yasuhito , Kinase Takeshi , Hayashi Naho , Ishizuka Masahide , Adachi Kouji , Koitabashi Motoo , Sekiyama Tsuyoshi Thomas , Onda Yuichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is the conventional understanding that rain removes aerosols from the atmosphere. However, the question of whether rain plays a role in releasing aerosols to the atmosphere has recently been posed by several researchers. In the present study, we show additional evidence for rain-induced aerosol emissions in a forest environment: the occurrence of radiocaesium-bearing aerosols in a Japanese forest due to rain. We carried out general radioactive aerosol observations in a typical mountainous village area within the exclusion zone in Fukushima Prefecture to determine the impacts and major drivers of the resuspension of radiocaesium originating from the nuclear accident in March 2011. We also conducted sampling according to the weather (with and without rain conditions) in a forest to clarify the sources of atmospheric radiocaesium in the polluted forest. We found that rain induces an increase in radiocaesium in the air in forests. With further investigations, we confirmed that the fungal spore sources of resuspended radiocaesium seemed to differ between rainy weather and nonrainy weather. Larger fungal particles (possibly macroconidia) are emitted during rainy conditions than during nonrainy weather, suggesting that splash generation by rain droplets is the major mechanism of the suspension of radiocaesium-bearing mould-like fungi. The present findings indicate that radiocaesium could be used as a tracer in such research fields as forest ecology, meteorology, climatology, public health and agriculture, in which fungal spores have significance.
Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery promotes S-phase entry-independent precise targeted integration in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Kohama Yasuaki , Higo Shuichiro , Masumura Yuki , Shiba Mikio , Kondo Takumi , Ishizu Takamaru , Higo Tomoaki , Nakamura Satoki , Kameda Satoshi , Tabata Tomoka , Inoue Hiroyuki , Motooka Daisuke , Okuzaki Daisuke , Takashima Seiji , Miyagawa Shigeru , Sawa Yoshiki , Hikoso Shungo , Sakata Yasushi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPost-mitotic cardiomyocytes have been considered to be non-permissive to precise targeted integration including homology-directed repair (HDR) after CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Here, we demonstrate that direct delivery of large amounts of transgene encoding guide RNA (gRNA) and repair template DNA via intra-ventricular injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) promotes precise targeted genome replacement in adult murine cardiomyocytes expressing Cas9. Neither systemic injection of AAV nor direct injection of adenovirus promotes targeted integration, suggesting that high copy numbers of single-stranded transgenes are required in cardiomyocytes. Notably, AAV-mediated targeted integration in cardiomyocytes both in vitro and in vivo depends on the Fanconi anemia pathway, a key component of the single-strand template repair mechanism. In human cardiomyocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells, AAV-mediated targeted integration fluorescently labeled Mlc2v protein after differentiation, independently of DNA synthesis, and enabled real-time detection of sarcomere contraction in monolayered beating cardiomyocytes. Our findings provide a wide range of applications for targeted genome replacement in non-dividing cardiomyocytes.
Pressure overload by suprarenal aortic constriction in mice leads to left ventricular hypertrophy without c-Kit expression in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Nicks Amy M. , Kesteven Scott H. , Li Ming , Wu Jianxin , Chan Andrea Y. , Naqvi Nawazish , Husain Ahsan , Feneley Michael P. , Smith Nicola J. , Iismaa Siiri E. , Graham Robert M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnimal models of pressure overload are valuable for understanding hypertensive heart disease. We characterised a surgical model of pressure overload-induced hypertrophy in C57BL/6J mice produced by suprarenal aortic constriction (SAC). Compared to sham controls, at one week post-SAC systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was evident by a 50% increase in the LV weight-to-tibia length ratio due to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. As a result, LV end-diastolic wall thickness-to-chamber radius (h/R) ratio increased, consistent with the development of concentric hypertrophy. LV wall thickening was not sufficient to normalise LV wall stress, which also increased, resulting in LV systolic dysfunction with reductions in ejection fraction and fractional shortening, but no evidence of heart failure. Pathological LV remodelling was evident by the re-expression of fetal genes and coronary artery perivascular fibrosis, with ischaemia indicated by enhanced cardiomyocyte Hif1a expression. The expression of stem cell factor receptor, c-Kit, was low basally in cardiomyocytes and did not change following the development of robust hypertrophy, suggesting there is no role for cardiomyocyte c-Kit signalling in pathological LV remodelling following pressure overload.
Predicting bleeding risk in a Chinese immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) population: development and assessment of a new predictive nomogram
Authors: Wang Mingjing , Liu Weiyi , Xu Yonggang , Wang Hongzhi , Guo Xiaoqing , Ding Xiaoqing , Quan Richeng , Chen Haiyan , Zhu Shirong , Fan Teng , Li Yujin , Zhang Xuebin , Sun Yan , Hu Xiaomei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a model that could be used to forecast the bleeding risk of ITP based on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. One hundred ITP patients were recruited to build a new predictive nomogram, another eighty-eight ITP patients were enrolled as validation cohort, and data were collected from January 2016 to January 2019. Four demographic characteristics and fifteen clinical characteristics were taken into account. Eleven cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, TNF-α and TGF-β) were used to study and the levels of them were detected by using a cytometric bead array (CBA) human inflammation kit. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used to optimize feature selection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to build a new predictive nomogram based on the results of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regress ion model. The application of C-index, ROC curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analyses were used to assess the discrimination, calibration, and clinical practicability of the predictive model. Bootstrapping validation was used for testing and verifying the predictive model. After feature selection, cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-23 and TGF-β were excluded, cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, TGF-β, the count of PLT and the length of time of ITP were used as predictive factors in the predictive nomogram. The model showed good discrimination with a C-index of 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.73376–0.90 624) in training cohortn and 0.89 (95% CI 0.868, 0.902) in validation cohort, an AUC of 0.795 in training cohort, 0.94 in validation cohort and good calibration. A high C-index value of 0.66 was reached in the interval validation assessment. Decision curve analysis showed that the bleeding risk nomogram was clinically useful when intervention was decided at the possibility threshold of 16–84%. The bleeding risk model based on IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, TGF-β, the count of PLT and the length of time of ITP could be conveniently used to predict the bleeding risk of ITP.
Contrasting microbiota profiles observed in children carrying either Blastocystis spp. or the commensal amoebas Entamoeba coli or Endolimax nana
Authors: Alzate Juan F. , Toro-Londoño Miguel , Cabarcas Felipe , Garcia-Montoya Gisela , Galvan-Diaz Ana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent studies have shown how intestinal parasites can modulate gut microbiota. This observation is not surprising since the human intestinal lumen, like any other niche, is a battlefield of microbial competition, and Eukaryotes can affect bacterial populations. Intestinal pathogenic protist has been associated with reshaping the microbial community structure; however, the interactions between the colonic bacterial communities and parasites like Blastocystis spp., Entamoeba coli, and Endolimax nana have been poorly studied. In this work, we studied the distal intestinal bacterial microbiota of 49 children attending 7 public daycare centers in Medellin, Colombia, and compared the bacterial microbiota structure in the presence or absence of the protists Blastocystis spp., E. coli, and E. nana. Parasite colonization was associated with an increase in bacterial richness. Moreover, Blastocystis spp. presented a positive relationship with Prevotella, since this bacterium was selectively enriched in children carrying it. Remarkably, the E. coli colonized children showed a microbial profile that was closer to uninfected controls, although some bacterial taxa displayed to be enriched. This is the case for Akkermansia, which showed to be favored in E. coli colonized individuals, while notably reduced in the Blastocystis spp. parasitized group.
Correlation of T2* relaxation times of the retropatellar cartilage with tibial tuberosity–trochlea groove distance in professional soccer players
Authors: Maas Kai-Jonathan , Warncke M. , Behzadi C. , Welsch G. H. , Schoen G. , Kaul M. G. , Adam G. , Bannas P. , Henes F. O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove (TT–TG) distance is a radiographic measurement that is used to quantify malalignment of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) in cross-sectional imaging. There is an ongoing debate about the impact of the TT–TG-distance on lateral patellar instability and the initiating of cartilage degeneration. In this prospective study, the association of T2* relaxation times and TT–TG distances in professional soccer players was analyzed. 36 knees of 18 professional soccer players (age: 21 ± 2.8 years) were evaluated. Participants underwent knee MRI at 3 T. For qualitative image analysis, fat-saturated 2D PD-weighted Fast Spin Echo (FSE) and T1-weighted FSE sequences were used. For quantitative analysis, T2* measurements in 3D data acquisitions were performed. In a qualitative analysis there was no structural cartilage damage and no abnormalities of the patellar and trochlea shape. The highest T2* values (26.7 ± 5.9 ms) were observed in the central compartment of the patella. The mean TT–TG distance was 10 ± 4 mm (range 3–20 mm). There was no significant correlation between TT–TG distance and T2* relaxation times in all three compartments of the retropatellar cartilage. Our study shows that so long as patellar and trochlear morphology is normal, TT–TG distance alone does not affect the tissue structure of the retropatellar cartilage in professional soccer players.
Variation and conservation implications of the effectiveness of anti-bear interventions
Authors: Khorozyan Igor , Waltert Matthias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman-bear conflicts triggered by nuisance behaviour in public places and damage to livestock, crops, beehives and trees are among the main threats to bear populations globally. The effectiveness of interventions used to minimize bear-caused damage is insufficiently known and comparative reviews are lacking. We conducted a meta-analysis of 77 cases from 48 publications and used the relative risk of damage to compare the effectiveness of non-invasive interventions, invasive management (translocations) and lethal control (shooting) against bears. We show that the most effective interventions are electric fences (95% confidence interval = 79.2–100% reduction in damage), calving control (100%) and livestock replacement (99.8%), but the latter two approaches were applied in only one case each and need more testing. Deterrents varied widely in their effectiveness (13.7–79.5%) and we recommend applying these during the peak periods of damage infliction. We found shooting (− 34.2 to 100%) to have a short-term positive effect with its effectiveness decreasing significantly and linearly over time. We did not find relationships between bear density and intervention effectiveness, possibly due to differences in spatial scales at which they were measured (large scales for densities and local fine scales for effectiveness). We appeal for more effectiveness studies and their scientific publishing in regard to under-represented conflict species and regions.
Ultrathin complex oxide nanomechanical resonators
Authors: Davidovikj D. , Groenendijk D. J. , Monteiro A. M. R. V. L. , Dijkhoff A. , Afanasiev D. , Šiškins M. , Lee M. , Huang Y. , van Heumen E. , van der Zant H. S. J. , Caviglia A. D. , Steeneken P. G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractComplex oxide thin films and heterostructures exhibit a variety of electronic phases, often controlled by the mechanical coupling between film and substrate. Recently it has become possible to isolate epitaxially grown single-crystalline layers of these materials, enabling the study of their properties in the absence of interface effects. In this work, we use this technique to create nanomechanical resonators made out of SrTiO3 and SrRuO3. Using laser interferometry, we successfully actuate and measure the motion of the nanodrum resonators. By measuring the temperature-dependent mechanical response of the SrTiO3 resonators, we observe signatures of a structural phase transition, which affects both the strain and mechanical dissipation in the resonators. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of integrating ultrathin complex oxide membranes for realizing nanoelectromechanical systems on arbitrary substrates and present a novel method of detecting structural phase transitions in these exotic materials.
The Development of an Internet-Based Decision Coaching Guide to Encourage Audiology Care: The Results of a Participatory Design Approach
Authors: Burden Rebecca S. , Galloway Laura N. , Rothpletz Ann M. , Glasheen Keira A. , Preminger Jill E. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of the research described here is to create a theoretically based, interactive online program to motivate adults with untreated hearing loss to seek audiology care. We describe the results of the participatory design (PD) approach used to increase uptake and adherence to the Internet-based program.

Method

Using information gathered from field experts (
n
= 7), a program outline was generated by the study team. In keeping with PD principles, multiple focus groups and panels consisting of persons with hearing loss (
n
= 26), frequent communication partners (
n
= 6), audiologists (
n
= 9), and other area experts (
n
= 16) revised and expanded both content and design of the program in an iterative fashion.

Results
The proposed program was modified multiple times based on the input of stakeholders throughout the PD process. In particular, the scope of the program shifted from focusing on self-management strategies to decision coaching regarding the choice to visit an audiologist. Other specific program content and activities were modified based on stakeholder input.

Conclusions
The program evolved dramatically through the influence and input of multiple stakeholders as a result of the implementation of PD principles.
An Automated Speech-in-Noise Test for Remote Testing: Development and Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Paglialonga Alessia , Polo Edoardo Maria , Zanet Marco , Rocco Giulia , van Waterschoot Toon , Barbieri Riccardo 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel, automated speech-in-noise test viable for widespread in situ and remote screening.

Method
Vowel–consonant–vowel sounds in a multiple-choice consonant discrimination task were used. Recordings from a professional male native English speaker were used. A novel adaptive staircase procedure was developed, based on the estimated intelligibility of stimuli rather than on theoretical binomial models. Test performance was assessed in a population of 26 young adults (YAs) with normal hearing and in 72 unscreened adults (UAs), including native and nonnative English listeners.

Results
The proposed test provided accurate estimates of the speech recognition threshold (SRT) compared to a conventional adaptive procedure. Consistent outcomes were observed in YAs in test/retest and in controlled/uncontrolled conditions and in UAs in native and nonnative listeners. The SRT increased with increasing age, hearing loss, and self-reported hearing handicap in UAs. Test duration was similar in YAs and UAs irrespective of age and hearing loss. The test–retest repeatability of SRTs was high (Pearson correlation coefficient = .84), and the pass/fail outcomes of the test were reliable in repeated measures (Cohen's κ = .8). The test was accurate in identifying ears with pure-tone thresholds > 25 dB HL (accuracy = 0.82).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the viability of the proposed test in subjects of varying language in terms of accuracy, reliability, and short test time. Further research is needed to validate the test in a larger population across a wider range of languages and hearing loss and to identify optimal classification criteria for screening purposes.
Rationale, Theoretical Underpinnings, and Design of HEAR-aware: Providing Adults With Hearing Loss With Tailored Support to Self-Manage Their Hearing Problems via a Smartphone App, as an Alternative to Hearing Aids
Authors: Pronk Marieke , Besser Jana , Smits Cas , Feenstra-Kikken Vanessa , van Beek Hans , Polleunis Conny , Kramer Sophia E. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
An alarming two thirds of adults aged 50 years or over with hearing impairment who could benefit from hearing aids do not own any, leaving these adults with no support to self-manage their hearing problems. In the HEAR-aware project, it is hypothesized that self-management can be facilitated via a smartphone app if its educational content is tailored to a person's dynamic stage of readiness to take action on their hearing (stage of change) and to a person's dynamic acoustical situations (as measured via a wearable microphone) and associated challenges (as captured via ecological momentary assessment). As such, the HEAR-aware app would be an ecological momentary intervention. This research note describes the rationale and theoretical underpinnings of the app, as well as the rationale for planning a series of studies to develop and evaluate it.

Study Designs
After a preparatory phase, Study 1 includes qualitative group interviews to assess user needs. Next, a creative session will be held, in which all stakeholders involved will work toward a specified version of the app. Subsequently, prototypes of the app will be developed and pilot-tested (Pilot Studies 2A and 2B). Users' usage and ratings (usability and quality indicators) of the app's elements will be examined and processed in the app. Lastly, the effectiveness of the app's final version will be examined in a randomized controlled trial (Study 3).

Discussion
The project's merits and challenges will be discussed.
Automatic detection of colorectal neoplasia in wireless colon capsule endoscopic images using a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Yamada Atsuo , Niikura Ryota , Otani Keita , Aoki Tomonori , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Although colorectal neoplasms are the most common abnormalities found in colon capsule endoscopy (CCE), no computer-aided detection method is yet available. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI) system that uses deep learning to automatically detect such lesions in CCE images.
Methods We trained a deep convolutional neural network system based on a Single Shot MultiBox Detector using 15 933 CCE images of colorectal neoplasms, such as polyps and cancers. We assessed performance by calculating areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, along with sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies, using an independent test set of 4784 images, including 1850 images of colorectal neoplasms and 2934 normal colon images.
Results The area under the curve for detection of colorectal neoplasia by the AI model was 0.902. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 79.0 %, 87.0 %, and 83.9 %, respectively, at a probability cutoff of 0.348.
Conclusions We developed and validated a new AI-based system that automatically detects colorectal neoplasms in CCE images.
Propeller Flaps for Reconstruction around the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Teo Tiew Chong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe propeller flap challenges conventional wisdom for the safe raising of flaps. Its unique design is based on a belief that a sizeable fasciocutaneous flap can be perfused by only a single perforator. What is more remarkable is the concept that this cleanly dissected pedicle can continue to safely perfuse the flap even when it is twisted 180 degrees. Clearly, meticulous technique is essential and the key points in raising this flap and its versatility for reconstruction of defects around the foot and ankle are discussed in this article.
Transition of Care for Adolescent and Young Adult Patients on Dietary Therapy for Epilepsy
Authors: Seaborg Kristin , Faltersack Kelly , Felton Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKetogenic diets are high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets designed to alter metabolism, induce nutritional ketosis, and reduce seizures in patients with epilepsy. In the past 15 to 20 years, the diets have been refined, gaining momentum in the treatment of resistant epilepsy. As ketogenic diets have gained popularity for treatment of pediatric epilepsies, an increasing number of adolescents treated with dietary therapy are approaching the age of transitioning their care to adult providers. Transition of care for this vulnerable population brings unique challenges posed by a paucity of adult providers who prescribe ketogenic diets, a lack of adult nutritionists trained in dietary therapy for epilepsy, and reluctance of pediatric patients to transition care. In this article, we will discuss the rationale for establishing transition protocols for young adult patients with epilepsy and present guidelines for transition of care for patients treated with dietary therapy for epilepsy.