bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus-19 and coagulopathy: A Systematic Review [COVID-COAG]
Authors: Lee Stephanie G , Fralick Michael , Tang Grace , Tse Brandon , Kreuziger Lisa Baumann , Cushman Mary , Juni Peter , Sholzberg Michelle 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundUnderstanding the association between Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and coagulopathy may assist clinical prognostication, and influence treatment and outcomes. We aimed to systematically describe the relationship between hemostatic laboratory parameters and important clinical outcomes among adults with COVID-19.MethodsA systematic review of randomized clinical trials, observational studies and case series published in PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, and CENTRAL from December 1, 2019 to March 25, 2020. Studies of adult patients with COVID-19 that reported at least one hemostatic laboratory parameter were included.ResultsData were extracted from 57 studies (N=12,050 patients) that met inclusion criteria. The average age of patients was 52 years and 45% were women. Of the included studies, 92.7% (N=38/41 studies) reported an average platelet count ≥ 150 × 109/L, 68.2% (N=15/22 studies) reported an average prothrombin time (PT) between 11-14 s, 55% (N=11/20 studies) reported an average activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) between 25-35 s, and 34.4% (N=11/32 studies) reported a D-dimer concentration above the upper limit of normal (ULN). Eight studies (7 cohorts and 1 case series) reported hemostatic lab values for survivors versus non-survivors. Among non-survivors, D-dimer concentrations were reported in 4 studies and all reported an average above the ULN.InterpretationMost patients had a normal platelet count, elevated D-dimer, PT and aPTT values in the upper reference interval; D-dimer elevation appeared to correlate with poor outcomes. Further studies are needed to better correlate these hemostatic parameters with the risk of adverse outcomes such as thrombosis and bleeding.
High-throughput tandem-microwell assay for ammonia repositions FDA-Approved drugs to Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Liu Fan , Yu Jing , Zhang Yan-Xia , Li Fangzheng , Liu Qi , Zhou Yueyang , Huang Shengshuo , Fang Houqin , Xiao Zhuping , Liao Lujian , Xu Jinyi , Wu Xin-Yan , Wu Fang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo date, little attempt has been made to develop new treatments for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), although the community is aware of the shortage of treatments for H. pylori. In this study, we developed a 192-tandem-microwell-based high-throughput-assay for ammonia that is a known virulence factor of H. pylori and a product of urease. We could identify few drugs, i.e. panobinostat, dacinostat, ebselen, captan and disulfiram, to potently inhibit the activity of ureases from bacterial or plant species. These inhibitors suppress the activity of urease via substrate-competitive or covalent-allosteric mechanism, but all except captan prevent the antibiotic-resistant H. pylori strain from infecting human gastric cells, with a more pronounced effect than acetohydroxamic acid, a well-known urease inhibitor and clinically used drug for the treatment of bacterial infection. This study offers several bases for the development of new treatments for urease-containing pathogens and to study the mechanism responsible for the regulation of urease activity.
Detection of ɣ‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and ɣ‐butyrolactone (GBL) in alcoholic beverages via total vaporization solid‐phase microextraction (TV‐SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Davis Kymeri E. , Hickey Logan D. , Goodpaster John V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTotal Vaporization Solid‐Phase Microextraction (TV‐SPME) relies on the same technique as standard SPME but completely vaporizes a sample extract, and analytes are sorbed directly from the vapor phase. On‐fiber derivatization may also be performed using TV‐SPME, where the fiber is first exposed to the headspace of a vial containing the derivatization agent, then exposed to a new vial containing the sample. ɣ‐Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and ɣ‐butyrolactone (GBL) are drugs of concern in that they may be used in drug facilitated sexual assault by surreptitiously spiking them into a victim's beverage. These drugs cause sedation, memory loss, and are difficult to detect in biological samples. One challenge in their analysis is that they can interconvert in aqueous samples, which was demonstrated in samples allowed to stand at room temperature for long periods. A volume study of GBL in water was performed with volumes ranging from 1 to 10,000 µl to compare the efficacy of TV‐SPME, headspace SPME, and immersion SPME. Lastly, water, beer, wine, liquor, and mixed drinks were spiked with either GHB or GBL with realistic concentrations (mg/ml) and microliter quantities were analyzed using a TV‐SPME Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry method. The GBL volume study demonstrated an increased sensitivity in GBL detection when TV‐SPME was utilized. Additionally, GHB and GBL were identified in various beverages at realistic concentrations. Overall, TV‐SPME is beneficial because it requires no sample preparation and uses smaller sample volumes than immersion and headspace SPME.
Physical and biological drivers of pelagic fish distribution at high spatial resolution in two Patagonian Gulfs
Authors: Luzenti Elvio Agustín , Svendsen Guillermo Martín , Degrati Mariana , Curcio Nadia Soledad , González Raúl Alberto , Dans Silvana Laura 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe North Patagonian gulfs, Argentina, support an important population of small pelagic fish (SPF) that play a key role in the marine ecosystem. Here, we assessed the seasonal SPF distribution in Nuevo gulf and San Matías Gulf concerning several environmental variables and the nautical area scattering coefficient (NASC) of Munida gregaria using generalized additive models (GAMs). We collected biological data by a 38/200 kHz echosounder along zigzag transects in all four seasons. The echoes of fish were separated from other targets using a dB difference algorithm. Then, we calculated the mean NASC of pelagic fishes every 0.5 nm. Satellite‐derived data were used to characterize the environment at study sites. GAMs were built in two stages for each gulf considering all season in a single model in one hand, and each season separately in the other one. In the first stage, we modeled the probability of presence as a function of predictors. In the second stage, we used the NASC of fish as the response for presence data only. In general terms, the probability of fish presence increases with bottom depth, and the fish density was higher in cold waters and zones with higher chlorophyll‐a concentration. The relative importance of the variables was different according to the season. The formation and rupture of the thermocline and its subsequent spatial heterogeneity observed in spring and autumn could be important drivers of SPF distribution. Squat lobsters’ distributions related positively with SPF in San Matías Gulf summer and negatively in Nuevo Gulf summer.
Identification of thalassemia gene cluster deletion by long‐read whole‐genome sequencing (LR‐WGS)
Authors: Jiang Fan , Lyu Gui‐Zhen , Zhang Victor Wei , Li Dong‐Zhi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionAt present, a variety of molecular detection methods are obtained to diagnose thalassemia accurately. Although exome sequencing or specific panels have been widely used in clinical diagnosis of genetic diseases, the positive rate is about 25%‐30%. Because the detection range is limited to exons and splice sites, and the read length is usually 100‐150 bp, there are limitations in the detection of globin gene clusters with pseudogenes.MethodsIn this study, seven thalassemia patients were selected to perform whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) with long read at 400 bp to make accurate detection for thalassemia deletions. And we used PCR and Sanger sequencing to confirm the gene deletions in the patients.ResultsWGS analysis detected a rare 172 kb deletion on the α‐globin gene cluster at chr16: 57 009‐330 001, 19 kb deletion at chr16: 215 396‐234 699, 11 kb deletion at chr16:220 861‐231 981; and 27 kb deletion on the β‐globin gene deletion at chr11: 5 222 878‐5 250 288, 21.4 kb deletion at chr11: 5 236 361‐5 257 771, 78.9 kb deletion at chr11: 5 191 121‐5 270 050. All the seven patients carried heterozygous deletions, including three in α‐gene cluster, three in β‐gene cluster, and one in both globin clusters.ConclusionOur results indicate that long‐read WGS will be beneficial to the diagnosis of genetic diseases with pseudogenes or highly duplicated sequences and will enable clinical geneticists to inform high‐risk couples and provide prenatal diagnosis.
Management of Open Calcaneal Fractures with Medial Wounds by One‐Stage Sequential Reduction and Frame Structure Fixation Using Percutaneous Kirschner Wires
Authors: Gao Xu , Fan Hai‐yu , Huang Rui , Sui Yong‐qiang , Li Fei , Yin Hai‐lei 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical outcomes of open calcaneal fractures with medial wounds treated with one‐stage management, including early modern wound care, sequential reduction, and frame structure fixation using percutaneous Kirschner wires.MethodsA total of 19 patients with open calcaneal fractures admitted to our hospital from May 2016 to March 2019 were selected in this study. Twelve type‐II and seven type‐IIIA medial open injuries were identified according to the classification of Gustilo and Anderson. Fractures were stratified by Sanders classification, including nine type‐II fractures, seven type‐III fractures, and three type‐IV fractures. All patients accepted one‐stage irrigation and debridement, sequential reduction of calcaneal fractures through the open medial wound, percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation, and primary closure of wounds covered with vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) device. The Bohler angle, the Gissane angle, and the width of the calcaneus were compared before and after surgery. The functional results were evaluated according to the Paley and Hall score system, visual analogue scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot score, Maryland Foot Score, and related complications.ResultsThe follow‐up duration for all patients ranged from 14 to 28 months (mean, 22.7 months). The angle of Bohler and Giasane was increased from (−7.6° ± 15.0°) and (96.6° ± 7.6°) before surgery to (23.7° ± 6.1°) and (124.1° ± 7.1°) postoperatively (P < 0.05), respectively. Three cases of superficial infection and two cases of wound dehiscence were observed in our study, which were then successfully treated with wound debridement, VAC replacement, appropriate use of antibiotics, and delayed closure. The last follow‐up revealed three cases of lateral wall expansion and six cases of mild‐to‐moderate subtalar arthritis based on the Paley and Hall scoring system. According to the AOFAS ankle and hindfoot score, one case showed excellent results, 14 cases exhibited good results, and four cases displayed fair results, with the mean of 80.7 ± 6.7 points (range, 70–90). The Maryland Foot Score revealed one case of excellent outcomes, nine cases of good outcomes, and nine cases of fair outcomes with an average of 76.8 ± 8.6 points (range, 62–90). The mean VAS for pain was 1.8 ± 1.5 (range, 0–5), and a total of 14 patients complained of mild‐to‐moderate pain when walking for a more extended period. Severe complications, such as deep infection, osteomyelitis, and soft tissue necrosis, were not observed during follow‐up.ConclusionsCollectively, one‐stage management allowed the direct restoration of calcaneal morphology with a minimal invasion of soft tissues in most open calcaneal fractures with medial wounds, and the functional outcomes were comparable to previous data.
Clinical efficacy of sublingual allergen‐specific immunotherapy in 22 cats with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Foj Rubén , Carrasco Isaac , Clemente Federica , Scarampella Fabia , Calvet Anna , Prats Ana , Vivancos Susana , Brazís Pilar , Puigdemont Anna 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundSublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been deployed in humans and dogs; to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are no published studies about the use of SLIT in cats.ObjectivesEvaluate the clinical efficacy of SLIT in atopic cats sensitized to dust and storage mites, assessing immunological changes associated with SLIT treatment.AnimalsTwenty‐two client‐owned cats with clinical signs compatible with feline atopic dermatitis (fAD) and serum allergen‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E against house dust and storage mites.Methods and materialsProspective, multicentre, open‐label clinical trial. Individualized mite‐specific SLIT was administered orally for 12 months. All cats underwent clinical examination to record SCORing feline allergic dermatitis (SCORFAD), pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) and serum allergen‐specific IgE and IgG, every three months for 12 months.ResultsSixteen of 22 cats (73%) completed the study and three of six cats withdrawn from the study were included in an intention‐to‐treat analysis. SCORFAD and pVAS values decreased significantly from baseline (T0) to the third month of treatment (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0013, respectively), with median total values ranging from 19 (6–44) (T0) to 2.5 (0–17) (T12) (P = 0.0001), and from 8 (6–10) (T0) to 2.3 (0–8) (T12) (P = 0.0001), respectively. Allergen‐specific IgE values decreased significantly from the ninth month (T9) of treatment (P = 0.0032), with median scores decreasing from 56 (12–729) (T0) to 34 (0–158) (T12) (P = 0.0208). No significant differences in allergen‐specific IgG values were observed throughout the study. No adverse effects related to the use of SLIT were reported.Conclusions and clinical importanceSublingual immunotherapy should be considered a rapid, effective, safe and well‐tolerated treatment in cats with feline atopic dermatitis fAD.
Association of US state policy orientation with adverse birth outcomes: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Riley Alicia R , Collin Daniel , Grumbach Jacob M , Torres Jacqueline M , Hamad Rita 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe current US context is marked by extreme right–left partisanship, which means that state policies tend to bundle together and are not experienced in isolation. While prior work has leveraged abrupt shifts in single policies to examine the effects of state policy on birth outcomes, we examined a holistic measure that captures political polarisation.MethodsData were drawn from national birth certificates for 2003–2017 (N=56 770 470). Outcomes included preterm birth, low birth weight, small-for-gestational age and other perinatal health measures. The primary exposure was a composite index of right–left state policy orientation, generated from historical data on 135 state policies. Multivariable regressions were used to estimate the association between state policy orientation and each outcome, adjusting for relevant covariates.ResultsCompared with infants born in states with right-leaning policy orientations, those born in left-leaning states had lower odds of adverse birth outcomes (eg, low birth weight: OR 0.95 (0.93, 0.97), preterm birth: OR 0.94 (0.92, 0.95)). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations for US-born and White mothers. With the inclusion of state fixed effects, left-leaning policy orientation was no longer associated with lower odds of adverse birth outcomes. Models were otherwise robust to alternative specifications.ConclusionWhile left-leaning state policy orientation has protective associations with a range of birth outcomes, the associations may be explained by stable characteristics of states, at least during the study period. Future studies should examine state policy orientation in association with other health outcomes and study periods.
Effects of deposition parameters on properties of high resistance CrSi-based thin-film resistors
Authors: Tseng Hsien-Wei , Feng David Jui-Yang , Li Chi-Lun , Yang Cheng-Fu 
Published: January 2021

Cr is a metal with lower resistivity (as compared with Si) and positive temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR value) and Si is a semiconductive material with higher resistivity and negative TCR value. For that, the commercial-grade targets of 28 wt.% Cr-72 wt.% Si, 40 wt.% Cr-60 wt.% Si and 55 wt.% Cr-45 wt.% Si were used to deposit the thin-film materials using sputtering method at the same parameters, and their physical and electrical properties were measured and compared under different deposition powers. The crystallization and the surface morphology of the CrSi-based thin-film resistors were measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). In order to find the effect of deposition power on the average atomic ratio of Cr and Si, the elemental ratios were also measured as a function of deposition power for different CrSi-based targets by FESEM equipped with Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for elemental Cr and Si. The effects of Cr concentration and deposition power on the sheet resistances, resistivity and TCR values of the deposited CrSi-based thin-film resistors were also well measured and compared, and the reasons to cause the variations of resistivity and TCR values were also investigated and discussed.
An intelligent indian stock market forecasting system using LSTM deep learning
Authors: Kumar K , P. Gandhmal Dattatray 
Published: January 2021

<p><span>Stock market data is considered to be one of the chaotic data in nature. Analyzing the stock market and predicting the stock market has been the area of interest among the researchers for a long time. In this paper, we have stepped forward and used a deep learning algorithm with classification to predict the behavior of the stock market. LSTM deep learning algorithm is used with an optimization algorithm to formulate the hyperparameters. To further improve the accuracy of prediction the stock data is first given to a classification algorithm to reduce the number of input parameters. In this research Technical indicators are subjected to classification and deep LSTM algorithm which are both integrated to improve the accuracy of prediction. Deep LSTM hyperparameters are trained using the optimization algorithm. In this paper infosys and zensar stocks data is collected from the Indian stock market data i.e. both national stock exchange (NSE) and bombay stock exchange (BSE). The proposed approach is applied on infosys and zensar share values, the prediction accuracy obtained by employing this integrated approach of classification and LSTM has given a prominent value of MSE and RMSE as 1.034 and 1.002 respectively. </span></p>
MTORC1-Regulated Metabolism Controlled by TSC2 Limits Cardiac Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Oeing Christian U. , Jun Seungho , Mishra Sumita , Dunkerly-Eyring Brittany L. , Chen Anna , Grajeda Maria I. , Tahir Usman A. , Gerszten Robert E. , Paolocci Nazareno , Ranek Mark J. , Kass David A. 
Published: January 2021

Rationale:
The mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1) controls metabolism and protein homeostasis and is activated following ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury and by ischemic preconditioning (IPC). However, studies vary as to whether this activation is beneficial or detrimental, and its influence on metabolism after IR is little reported. A limitation of prior investigations is their use of broad gain/loss of mTORC1 function, mostly applied before ischemic stress. This can be circumvented by regulating one serine (S1365) on TSC2 (tuberous sclerosis complex) to achieve bidirectional mTORC1 modulation but only with TCS2-regulated costimulation.

Objective:
We tested the hypothesis that reduced TSC2 S1365 phosphorylation protects the myocardium against IR and is required for IPC by amplifying mTORC1 activity to favor glycolytic metabolism.

Methods and Results:

Mice with either S1365A (TSC2
SA
; phospho-null) or S1365E (TSC2
SE
; phosphomimetic) knockin mutations were studied ex vivo and in vivo. In response to IR, hearts from TSC2
SA
mice had amplified mTORC1 activation and improved heart function compared with wild-type and TSC2
SE
hearts. The magnitude of protection matched IPC. IPC requited less S1365 phosphorylation, as TSC2
SE
hearts gained no benefit and failed to activate mTORC1 with IPC. IR metabolism was altered in TSC2
SA
, with increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and glycolytic capacity (stressed/maximal extracellular acidification) after myocyte hypoxia-reperfusion. In whole heart, lactate increased and long-chain acylcarnitine levels declined during ischemia. The relative IR protection in TSC2
SA
was lost by lowering glucose in the perfusate by 36%. Adding fatty acid (palmitate) compensated for reduced glucose in wild type and TSC2
SE
but not TSC2
SA
which had the worst post-IR function under these conditions.

Conclusions:
TSC2-S1365 phosphorylation status regulates myocardial substrate utilization, and its decline activates mTORC1 biasing metabolism away from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis to confer protection against IR. This pathway is also engaged and reduced TSC2 S1365 phosphorylation required for effective IPC.

Graphic Abstract:

A
graphic abstract
is available for this article.
Officials and Chinese Justice: Public and Private Wrongdoing in Qing Law
Authors: Park Nancy 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article examines the law of officials during the Qing dynasty (1644-1912), focusing on the body of statutes, substatutes, and regulations pertaining to the organization and operations of the imperial Chinese bureaucracy. The general objective of the article is to draw attention to the law of officials and its significance within the Qing legal system. A more specific goal is to examine how official wrongdoing was defined, differentiated, and dealt with in Qing law, highlighting the crucial distinction between the two main categories of official wrongdoing: “public wrongdoing” (gongzui 公罪) and “private wrongdoing” (sizui 私罪). Part I analyzes the legal distinction between public and private wrongdoing; Part II examines the historical antecedents of the public-private distinction, as expressed in the philosophical writings and the codified law of earlier dynasties; and Part III analyzes the substantive and procedural consequences of the public-private distinction on Qing officials.