bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Local Climate Zone Classification Maps of Cities in China and Feasible Refinements
Authors: Ren Chao , Cai Meng , Li Xinwei , Zhang Lei , Wang Ran , Xu Yong , Ng Edward 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLocal climate zone (LCZ) maps that describe the urban surface structure and cover with consistency and comparability across cities are gaining applications in studies of urban heat waves, sustainable urbanization and urban energy balance. Following the standard World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) method, we generated LCZ maps for over 20 individual cities and 3 major economic regions in China. Based on the confusion matrices constructed by manual comparison between the predicted classes and ground truths, we highlight the following: (1) notable variation in overall accuracies (i.e., 60%–89%) among cities were observed, which was mainly due to class incompleteness and distinct proportions of natural landscapes; (2) building classes in selected cities were poorly classified in general, with a mean accuracy of 48%; (3) the sparsely built class (i.e., LCZ 9), which is rare in the selected Chinese cities, had the lowest classification accuracy (32% on average), and the class of low plants had the widest accuracy range. The findings indicate that the standard WUDAPT method alone is insufficient for generating LCZ products that demonstrate practical value, especially for built-up areas in China, and the misclassification is largely caused by the lack of building height data. This result is confirmed by a refinement test, in which the urban DEM retrieved from Sentinel-1 data with radar interferometry technique was used. The study shows a detailed and comprehensive assessment of applying the WUDAPT method in China and a feasible refinement strategy to improve the classification accuracy, especially for the built-up types of LCZ. The study could serve as a useful reference for generating quality-ensured LCZ maps. This study also examines and explores the relationship between socio-economic status and LCZ products, which is essential for further implementations.
Machine-learning based patient classification using Hepatitis B virus full-length genome quasispecies from Asian and European cohorts
Authors: Mueller-Breckenridge Alan J. , Garcia-Alcalde Fernando , Wildum Steffen , Smits Saskia L. , de Man Robert A. , van Campenhout Margo J. H. , Brouwer Willem P. , Niu Jianjun , Young John A. T. , Najera Isabel , Zhu Lina , Wu Daitze , Racek Tomas , Hundie Gadissa Bedada , Lin Yong , Boucher Charles A. , van de Vijver David , Haagmans Bart L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChronic infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for the development of advanced liver disease including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The relative contribution of virological factors to disease progression has not been fully defined and tools aiding the deconvolution of complex patient virus profiles is an unmet clinical need. Variable viral mutant signatures develop within individual patients due to the low-fidelity replication of the viral polymerase creating ‘quasispecies’ populations. Here we present the first comprehensive survey of the diversity of HBV quasispecies through ultra-deep sequencing of the complete HBV genome across two distinct European and Asian patient populations. Seroconversion to the HBV e antigen (HBeAg) represents a critical clinical waymark in infected individuals. Using a machine learning approach, a model was developed to determine the viral variants that accurately classify HBeAg status. Serial surveys of patient quasispecies populations and advanced analytics will facilitate clinical decision support for chronic HBV infection and direct therapeutic strategies through improved patient stratification.
Clinical Implications of Sub-grouping HER2 Positive Tumors by Amplicon Structure and Co-amplified Genes
Authors: Maoz Myriam , Devir Michal , Inbar Michal , Inbar-Daniel Ziva , Sherill-Rofe Dana , Bloch Idit , Meir Karen , Edelman David , Azzam Salah , Nechushtan Hovav , Maimon Ofra , Uziely Beatrice , Kadouri Luna , Sonnenblick Amir , Eden Amir , Peretz Tamar , Zick Aviad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractERBB2 amplification is a prognostic marker for aggressive tumors and a predictive marker for prolonged survival following treatment with HER2 inhibitors. We attempt to sub-group HER2+ tumors based on amplicon structures and co-amplified genes. We examined five HER2+ cell lines, three HER2+ xenographs and 57 HER2+ tumor tissues. ERBB2 amplification was analyzed using digital droplet PCR and low coverage whole genome sequencing. In some HER2+ tumors PPM1D, that encodes WIP1, is co-amplified. Cell lines were treated with HER2 and WIP1 inhibitors. We find that inverted duplication is the amplicon structure in the majority of HER2+ tumors. In patients suffering from an early stage disease the ERBB2 amplicon is composed of a single segment while in patients suffering from advanced cancer the amplicon is composed of several different segments. We find robust WIP1 inhibition in some HER2+ PPM1D amplified cell lines. Sub-grouping HER2+ tumors using low coverage whole genome sequencing identifies inverted duplications as the main amplicon structure and based on the number of segments, differentiates between local and advanced tumors. In addition, we found that we could determine if a tumor is a recurrent tumor or second primary tumor and identify co-amplified oncogenes that may serve as targets for therapy.
Silver vacancy concentration engineering leading to the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity and improved thermoelectric performance of Ag1-xInTe2
Authors: Zhong Yaqiong , Luo Yong , Li Xie , Cui Jiaolin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAgInTe2 compound has not received enough recognition in thermoelectrics, possibly due to the fact that the presence of Te vacancy (VTe) and antisite defect of In at Ag site (InAg) degrades its electrical conductivity. In this work, we prepared the Ag1-xInTe2 compounds with substoichiometric amounts of Ag and observed an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity (κL = 0.1 Wm−1K−1) for the sample at x = 0.15 and 814 K. This leads to more than 2-fold enhancement in the ZT value (ZT = 0.62) compared to the pristine AgInTe2. In addition, we have traced the origin of the untralow κL using the Callaway model. The results attained in this work suggest that the engineering of the silver vacancy (VAg) concentration is still an effective way to manipulate the thermoelectric performance of AgInTe2, realized by the increased point defects and modified crystal structure distortion as the VAg concentration increases.
Association about dietary vitamin C intake on the risk of ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Long Yuhang , Fei Hui , Xu Sumei , Wen Jianzhen , Ye Lihua , Su Zhaojuan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Changes in dietary vitamin C intake have been related to the risks of various cancers. However, the association between dietary vitamin C intake and the risk of ovarian cancer has not been fully determined. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin C intake and ovarian cancer risk. Observational studies that evaluated the association between vitamin C intake and ovarian cancer risk were identified via systematic search of PubMed and Embase databases. A random-effect model was used to combine relative risk (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). As a result, 16 studies (5 cohort studies and 11 case–control studies) with 4553 cases and 439,741 participants were included. Pooled results showed that dietary vitamin C intake had non-significant association on the risk of ovarian cancer (RR = 0.95, 95%CI = 0.81–1.11, I2 = 52.1%, Pfor heterogeneity = 0.008). Subgroup analyses according to characteristics including geographic location and study design showed consistent results with the overall result. In summary, findings from the present study indicated that dietary vitamin C intake is not associated with the risk of ovarian cancer.
Voice Use in Daily Life Studied With a Portable Voice Accumulator in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease and Matched Healthy Controls
Authors: Gustafsson Joakim Körner , Södersten Maria , Ternström Sten , Schalling Ellika 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this work was to study how voice use in daily life is impacted by Parkinson's disease (PD), specifically if there is a difference in voice sound level and phonation ratio during everyday activities for individuals with PD and matched healthy controls. A further aim was to study how variations in environmental noise impact voice use.

Method
Long-term registration of voice use during 1 week in daily life was performed for 21 participants with PD (11 male, 10 female) and 21 matched healthy controls using the portable voice accumulator VoxLog. Voice use was assessed through registrations of spontaneous speech in different ranges of environmental noise in daily life and in a controlled studio recording setting.

Results
Individuals with PD use their voice 50%–60% less than their matched healthy controls in daily life. The difference increases in high levels of environmental noise. Individuals with PD used an average voice sound level in daily life that was 8.11 dB (female) and 6.7 dB (male) lower than their matched healthy controls. Difference in mean voice sound level for individuals with PD and controls during spontaneous speech during a controlled studio registration was 3.0 dB for the female group and 4.1 dB for the male group.

Conclusions
The observed difference in voice use in daily life between individuals with PD and matched healthy controls is a 1st step to objectively quantify the impact of PD on communicative participation. The variations in voice use in different levels of environmental noise and when comparing controlled and variable environments support the idea that the study of voice use should include methods to assess function in less controlled situations outside the clinical setting.
Physiological Compensation for Advanced Bolus Location at Swallow Onset: A Retrospective Analysis in Healthy Seniors
Authors: Herzberg Erica G. , Brates Danielle , Molfenter Sonja M. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Previous work has established that advanced bolus location at swallow onset (BLSO) alone is not correlated with an increased swallowing safety risk in healthy seniors. The primary goal of this retrospective study was to examine whether healthy seniors systematically alter their laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (LVCrt) to maintain a safe swallow in the context of advanced BLSO. The secondary goal was to determine if longer LVCrt distinguished Penetration–Aspiration Scale (PAS; Rosenbek, Robbins, Roecker, Coyle, & Wood, 1996) scores of 1 versus 2.

Method

Videofluoroscopy studies from 43 healthy seniors (21 men, 22 women;
M
age
= 76.7 years,
SD
= 7.2) were analyzed. LVCrt was calculated for 3 × 5 ml and 3 × 20 ml thin liquid barium boluses per participant. PAS and BLSO (Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile Component 6) were scored for all swallows. Reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > .75) was established on all measures. A linear mixed-effects regression was run to examine the effect of PAS and BLSO on LVCrt while controlling for bolus volume and repeated swallow trial.

Results

There was a main effect of BLSO (
F
= 4.6,
p
= .004) and PAS (
F
= 29.3,
p
< .001) on LVCrt. Post hoc pairwise comparisons revealed that LVCrt was significantly faster in BLSO scores of 3 (pyriforms) compared to scores of both 0 (posterior angle of the ramus) and 1 (valleculae). Significantly prolonged LVCrt was observed in PAS scores of 2 in comparison to 1. No significant main effects of bolus volume or trial, or interactions, were observed.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that healthy seniors compensate for advanced BLSO by increasing their LVCrt. Furthermore, faster LVCrt was shown to distinguish PAS scores of 1 versus 2. Additional work should explore the relationship between LVCrt, BLSO, and PAS scores in dysphagic populations, specifically those with known sensory impairments.
Modelling and optimisation of planar matrix transformer for high frequency regulated LLC converter
Authors: Wu Liang , Xiao Long , Zhao Jun , Chen Guozhu 
Published: December 2019

For high‐frequency high‐current low‐voltage applications, planar matrix transformer for unregulated LLC converter has been adopted to achieve high power density and high efficiency. Compared to unregulated LLC converter, the phase shift between the primary current and the secondary current of the matrix transformer is larger in regulated LLC converter as a result of lower magnetising inductance. Thus, the conventional winding loss model is not applicable to the matrix transformer for regulated LLC converter. Aiming at this problem, an accurately winding dc resistance model and an analytic winding ac resistance model are proposed in this study to calculate the winding loss of the matrix transformer. In addition, lower magnetising inductance also causes more serious fringing field near the air gap. Then, a calculation method to model the winding loss due to the fringing field is investigated. With the proposed model, design and optimisation of the matrix transformer for regulated LLC converter are described in detail subsequently. The proposed model is verified by a Gallium Nitride based 400 W LLC converter prototype with a power density of 443 W/in3 and a peak efficiency of 96.1%.
Measuring galaxy-galaxy-galaxy-lensing with higher precision and accuracy
Authors: Linke Laila , Simon Patrick , Schneider Peter , Hilbert Stefan 
Published: December 2019

Context. Galaxy-galaxy-galaxy lensing (G3L) is a powerful tool for constraining the three-point correlation between the galaxy and matter distribution and thereby models of galaxy evolution.
Aims. We propose three improvements to current measurements of G3L: (i) a weighting of lens galaxies according to their redshift difference, (ii) adaptive binning of the three-point correlation function, and (iii) accounting for the effect of lens magnification by the cosmic large-scale structure. Improvement (i) is designed to improve the precision of the G3L measurement, whereas improvements (ii) and (iii) remove biases of the estimator. We further show how the G3L signal can be converted from angular into physical scales.
Methods. The improvements were tested on simple mock data and simulated data based on the Millennium Run with an implemented semi-analytic galaxy model.
Results. Our improvements increase the signal-to-noise ratio by 35% on average at angular scales between 0.′1 and 10′ and physical scales between 0.02 and 2 h−1 Mpc. They also remove the bias of the G3L estimator at angular scales below 1′, which was originally up to 40%. The signal due to lens magnification is approximately 10% of the total signal.
Leitlinien bei Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose
Authors: Mehrholz Jan , Thomas Simone , Elsner Bernhard 
Published: December 2019

Im klinischen Alltag gibt es viele Momente, in denen sich Therapeuten fragen, welche die beste Vorgehensweise oder die beste Strategie bei einer bestimmten klinischen oder anderen Problematik ist. Auf der Suche nach dazu hilfreichen Hinweisen gibt es mittlerweile eine Reihe von Leitlinien und Empfehlungen.
Itʼs all in Your Head! Einfluss des Mentalen Trainings auf den Kompetenzerwerb praktischer Fertigkeiten in der chirurgischen Lehre
Authors: Germanyuk Aleksandra , Sterz Jasmina , Stefanescu Christina , Voß Sebastian Herbert , Rüsseler Miriam 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die chirurgische Aus- und Weiterbildung kann mit Hochleistungssport verglichen werden, da hier komplizierte Bewegungsabläufe und differenzierte Koordination in Perfektion vereint werden müssen. Daher scheint die Integration von sportwissenschaftlich etablierten und detailliert analysierten Trainingsmethoden, wie bspw. das Mentale Training, in die chirurgische Ausbildung sinnvoll zu sein. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine vergleichende Effektivitätsanalyse sowie eine Kostenanalyse zwischen Mentalem Training und dem traditionellen „See one, do one, …“.
Material und Methoden Studierende des 2. klinischen Semesters wurden im Rahmen des „Trainings praktischer Fertigkeiten“ als Bestandteil des Blockpraktikums Chirurgie in 2 Gruppen randomisiert: Die Kontrollgruppe wurde nach dem Prinzip „See one, do one, …“ im Modul Wundversorgung unterrichtet, die Studiengruppe mittels Mentalen Trainings. Als Beispiel einer komplexen chirurgischen Fertigkeit wurde die Wundversorgung bestehend aus dem Setzen einer Lokalanästhesie, dem sterilen Abdecken und Vorbereiten einer Wunde sowie der Einzelknopfnaht ausgewählt. Der Lernerfolg wurden zu 3 Messzeitpunkten erfasst: unmittelbar nach dem Training mittels eines formativen OSCE (Messzeitpunkt 1), 2 Wochen später mittels eines Free-recall-Tests (mündliche Abfrage mit offenen Fragen; Messzeitpunkt 2) sowie nach 5 – 14 Wochen in einem summativen OSCE (Messzeitpunkt 3).
Ergebnisse 123 Studierende konnten in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Am 1. Messzeitpunkt zeigten die Studierenden der Gruppe „Mentales Training“ an der Station „steriles Abdecken“ signifikant bessere Ergebnisse (Gruppe „See one, do one, …“ 67,4% + 11,1; MT-Gruppe 71,6 + 10,6; p = 0,035). An anderen Stationen und zu anderen Zeitpunkten zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen. Die aufgestellte Kostenanalyse zeigt eine potenzielle Ersparnis durch das Mentale Training von 4067,68 € pro Semester durch den ressourcensparenden Umgang mit Material und Personal im Vergleich zur Methode des „See one, do one, …“.
Schlussfolgerung Mentales Training stellt in der curricularen Lehre im Fach Chirurgie eine Lehrmethode dar, in der die Studierenden mindestens gleiche, für komplexe Fertigkeiten sogar bessere Ergebnisse erzielen als mit der traditionellen Methode „See one, do one, …“. Gleichzeitig geht es mit einer Reduktion der Personal- und Materialkosten einher.
Diagnosis, Pathophysiology and Management of Hypercalcemia in Malignancy: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Asonitis Nikolaos , Angelousi Anna , Zafeiris Christos , Lambrou George I , Dontas Ismene , Kassi Eva 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHypercalcemia of malignancy is the most common life-threatening metabolic disorder in patients with advanced stage cancers and is a sign of poor prognosis. It usually presents with markedly elevated calcium level and is severely symptomatic. It is associated with hematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemias and solid cancers, particularly renal and breast carcinomas as well as squamous cell carcinomas of any organ. Several mechanisms have been implicated in the development of hypercalcemia of malignancy amongst them the osteolytic related hypercalcemia, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) mediated hypercalcemia, extrarenal 1,25 dixydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) mediated hypercalcemia and parathyroid hormone (PTH) related hypercalcemia either ectopic in origin or in patients with parathyroid carcinoma. Clinical history and and physical examination could point towards the correct diagnosis confirmed by the above-mentioned biochemical mediators of hypercalcemia. Early diagnosis and treatment lowering calcium levels in the blood can improve symptoms and the quality of life of these patients and avoid delays for further antitumor therapy.
Family-Centered Care in the Intensive CareUnit—What Does Best Practice Tell Us?
Authors: Ludmir Jonathan , Netzer Giora 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFamilies in the intensive care unit (ICU) experience high-stress levels and are at risk of developing psychological symptoms including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Family-centered care defines an approach that encompasses respect, compassion, and support for families. By alleviating stress and anxiety, this approach can increase family satisfaction, improve communication with staff, and decrease ICU length of stay. Family-centered care relies on an interdisciplinary approach. Its components include daily family-centered rounds, frequent family meetings, and ensuring an adequate family support environment. Each of the components of family-centered care depend on adequately trained clinical staff who are champion in empathetic communication and constantly support family member throughout an ICU stay.
Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine Maintains Hemodynamic Stability and Hastens Postoperative Recovery in Patients Undergoing Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery
Authors: Bala Renu , Chaturvedi Arvind , Pandia Mihir Prakash , Bithal Parmod K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

BackgroundTranssphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors is the neurosurgical procedure of choice to excise most of the tumors of the sellar/suprasellar region. The main goals of anesthesia are maintenance of hemodynamic stability, provision of conditions that facilitate good surgical exposure, and a prompt and smooth emergence to allow neurological and visual assessment. Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a selective α-2 agonist, is known to maintain cardiovascular stability and anxiolysis and provide pain relief. Therefore, we hypothesized that intraoperative Dex will attenuate hemodynamic response to nasal speculum (NS) insertion, decrease analgesic requirement, and hasten postoperative recovery.

Materials and MethodsThis prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 60 adult patients of either sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists status I or II undergoing elective pituitary surgery for excision of pituitary adenoma. Randomization was done into two groups; Group D (n = 30) received Dex bolus 1 μg/kg over 10 minutes, followed by 0.5 μg/kg/h, and group control Group C (n = 30) received normal saline (0.9%) in a similar manner. A standard anesthesia technique comprising fentanyl, propofol, rocuronium, sevoflurane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen was used. Intraoperative monitoring was uniform and standardized in all the patients; cardiovascular perturbations, if any, were noted and managed appropriately. After completion of surgery, tracheal extubation was performed, and emergence time, extubation time, modified Aldrete score, sedation, pain, time for first analgesic, nausea, vomiting, and shivering were recorded.

ResultsIn both the groups, an increase in heart rate and blood pressure occurred at the time of laryngoscopy and intubation, NS insertion, and extubation, but it was more in Group C (p < 0.05). In Group D, intraoperative requirement of analgesic, neuromuscular relaxant, and inhalational anesthetic was lesser compared with Group C. Emergence time as well as visual analog scale at emergence was less in Group D.

ConclusionsIntraoperative Dex infusion is a reasonable choice in patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.