bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive and Oxidative Stress Toxicity of Dolutegravir-Based Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Iorjiim Walter Mdekera , Omale Simeon , Bagu Great David , Gyang Steven Samuel , Alemika Emmanuel Taiwo 
Published: August 2020

Background/Objective: Dolutegravir-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (DTG-HAART) is the preferred regimen in the management of HIV/AIDS. However, the reproductive and oxidative stress toxicity of DTG-HAART is unknown. This study was designed to investigate the reproductive and oxidative stress toxicity of DTG-HAART in Drosophila melanogaster.
Materials and Methods: We performed all the experiments at the Centre of Excellence in phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos, Nigeria, in 2019. D. melanogaster, (1-4 days old), were fed with ten different concentrations of DTG-HAART (range 15 mg -595 mg) or 1000 mL distilled water per 10 g food for seven days to calculate the LD50, then treated with 93.11 mg, 46.56 mg, 23.28 mg, 11.64 mg or 1000 µL distilled water each per 10 g fly food for five days in five replicates. Subsequently, longevity, fly fecundity, and negative geotaxis evaluated. Also, activities of Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione-S-transferase, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, as well as Total thiol, and Malondialdehyde levels were investigated in the whole fly homogenate. Statistical values at P<0.05 were considered significant.
Results: The LD50 of DTG-HAART in D. melanogaster was 106.4 mg. The result showed significantly decrease (P<0.001) in mean lifespan, fly emergence, Total thiol content, Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione-S-transferase, Catalase, and Superoxide dismutase activities in the exposed groups compared to the unexposed. Inversely, the Malondialdehyde level in the test groups was significantly (P<0.001) elevated compared to unexposed.
Conclusion: Collectively, our results suggest that DTG-HAART toxicity was associated with reproductive deficits and oxidative stress induction in D. melanogaster, here observed as reduced fly fecundity, mean lifespan, AChE activity, antioxidant parameters, and elevated MDA level. This study, thus, raised concerns for long term use of DTG-HAART by HIV patients.
Phytosociological Survey of Spontaneous Plants in the Culture of Agroecological Maize with Plants of Intercalar Coverage
Authors: Martinez Alexandra da Silva , Seidel Edleusa Pereira , Pan Renan , Brito Tauane Santos , Caciano Wesler Meiners 
Published: August 2020

Aims: The objective was to carry the phytosociological survey of spontaneous plants in the agroecological maize crop cultivated with intercalar cover plants in the summer and fall/winter harvest.
Study Design: The experimental design used was of randomized blocks with subdivided plots in the time 4x2x2, with 5 replicates.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in a farm, located in Missal – PR, managed in agroecological system since 2009.
Methodology: The crop modalities used were maize + pigeon pea, maize + showy rattlepod, maize + jack bean and monoculture (control), being evaluated during summer and fall/winter seasons, at 30 and 70 days after emergence. Frequency, abundance, and density of plants per linear meter and the importance value index (IVI) were determined in a 1 m² area.
Results: The specie Commelina benghalensis L. and Leonorus sibiricus L, were the plants with the highest IVI for the crop modalities maize + pigeon pea and maize + showy rattlepod.
Conclusion: The cultivation of maize with cover crops, mainly showy rattlepod, may be a recommended management to reduce spontaneous plants in maize in the agroecological system.
Aims: The objective was to carry the phytosociological survey of spontaneous plants in the agroecological maize crop cultivated with intercalar cover plants in the summer and fall/winter harvest.
Study Design: The experimental design used was of randomized blocks with subdivided plots in the time 4x2x2, with 5 replicates.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in a farm, located in Missal – PR, managed in agroecological system since 2009.
Methodology: The crop modalities used were maize + pigeon pea, maize + showy rattlepod, maize + jack bean and monoculture (control), being evaluated during summer and fall/winter seasons, at 30 and 70 days after emergence. Frequency, abundance, and density of plants per linear meter and the importance value index (IVI) were determined in a 1 m² area.
Results: The specie Commelina benghalensis L. and Leonorus sibiricus L, were the plants with the highest IVI for the crop modalities maize + pigeon pea and maize + showy rattlepod.
Conclusion: The cultivation of maize with cover crops, mainly showy rattlepod, may be a recommended management to reduce spontaneous plants in maize in the agroecological system.
A study on the use of cyclone shelters in Bangladesh
Authors: Miyaji Mari , Okazaki Kenji , Ochiai Chiho 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBangladesh's geography renders it vulnerable to cyclones. The most severe cyclone occurred in 1970, resulting in severe damages and over 300 000 deaths. The government has implemented cyclone disaster mitigation primarily by providing cyclone shelters. Recently, BRAC University proposed a new type of cyclone shelter, the house‐shaped “mini‐shelter.” This study aims to contribute to the government's cyclone mitigation schemes, especially regarding the appropriate utilization and construction of cyclone shelters that can be used throughout cyclone‐prone areas. Investigations in two cyclone‐affected areas reveals that cyclone shelters, which are intended for a few hours of occupation during inundation, function as temporary living quarters during post‐cyclone reconstruction. Moreover, most cyclone shelters are elementary schools, and their storage and staff rooms may be locked during cyclones owing to poor management, which complicates their use as evacuation centers or temporary post‐cyclone living quarters. The “mini‐shelters” can be used as both evacuation centers and livestock storage during cyclones. Although locals doubt the buildings' safety because the wooden second floor is too low for protecting against storm surges, “mini‐shelters” can be useful in remote coastal areas with limited space for cyclone shelters. Hence, a combination of these cyclone shelter types affords a holistic solution to cyclone disaster mitigation.
The effects of explicit “Not Present” and “Don't Know” response options on identification decisions in computer‐administered lineups
Authors: Lucas Carmen A. , Brewer Neil , Michael Zoe E. , Foster Tammie R. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryEyewitness researchers recommend that “not present” and “don't know” response options should be presented with police lineups. Although it is important that witnesses—most of whom are unlikely to be familiar with the identification task—are fully cognizant of all response options available to them, an understanding of how explicit non‐identification options affect performance is lacking. Across four experiments, including 3,633 participants and 8 different stimulus sets, we tested the effects of including non‐identification options in computer‐administered lineups. When explicit non‐identification options were presented, target‐present and ‐absent choosing decreased. This decrease in choosing was characterized by a shift from filler identifications to lineup rejections. ROC analyses revealed that there was no overall difference in discriminability between guilty and innocent suspects depending on response option condition. On balance, the findings suggest that, in addition to informing witnesses about acceptable responses, displaying non‐identification response options does not undermine identification performance.
Boryl Radical‐Mediated C−H Activation of Inactivated Alkanes for the Synthesis of Internal Alkynes
Authors: Han Jia‐Bin , San Htet Htet , Guo Ao , Wang Long , Tang Xiang‐Ying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn intriguing pyridine‐boryl radical‐mediated C−H alkynylation reaction of inactivated alkanes was described. The reaction features mild operation condition and wide substrate scope, and affords the corresponding products in moderate to good yields. Notably, The presence of 4‐cyanopyride N‐oxide was key to the success of the reaction. Cyclohexane are more easily to be functionalized in this reaction than toluene, which could be rationally explained by polarity‐match principle.magnified image
A Strategy for Accessing Aldehydes via Palladium‐Catalyzed C−O/C−N Bond Cleavage in the Presence of Hydrosilanes
Authors: He Zhanyu , Wang Zijia , Ru Junxiang , Wang Yulin , Liu Tingting , Zeng Zhuo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report the catalytic reduction of both active esters and amides by selective C(acyl)−X (X=O, N) cleavage to access aldehyde functionality via a palladium‐catalyzed strategy. Reactions are promoted by hydrosilanes as reducing reagents with good to excellent yields and with excellent chemoselectivity for C(acyl)−N and C(acyl)−O bond cleavage. Carboxylic acid C(acyl)−O bonds are activated by 2‐chloro‐4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazine (CDMT) to form triazine ester intermediates, which further react with hydrosilanes to yield aldehydes in one‐pot two‐step procedures. We demonstrate that C(acyl)−O cleavage/formylation offers higher yields and broader substrate scopes compared with C(acyl)−N cleavage under the same reaction conditions.magnified image
Charge and Size Dual Switchable Nanocage for Novel Triple‐Interlocked Combination Therapy Pattern
Authors: Yang Rui , Zhang Zipeng , Fu Shunli , Hou Teng , Mu Weiwei , Liang Shuang , Gao Tong , Guan Li , Fang Yuxiao , Liu Yongjun , Zhang Na 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCombination therapy is a current hot topic in cancer treatment. Multiple synergistic effects elicited by combined drugs are essential in improving antitumor activity. Herein, a pH‐triggered charge and size dual switchable nanocage co‐loaded with abemaciclib and IMD‐0354 (PA/PI‐ND) is reported, exhibiting a novel triple‐interlocked combination of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and chemoimmunotherapy. The charge reversal polymer NGR‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(l‐lysine)‐dimethylmaleic anhydride (NGR‐PEG‐PLL‐DMA, ND) in PA/PI‐ND promotes the pH‐triggered charge reversal from negative to positive and size reduction from about 180 to 10 nm in an acidic tumor microenvironment, which greatly enhances cellular uptake and tumor tissue deep penetration. With the PA/PI‐ND triple‐interlocked combination therapy, the chemotherapeutic effect is enhanced by the action of abemaciclib to induce cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, together with the reduction in cyclin D levels caused by IMD‐0354. The dual anti‐tumor promoting immunotherapy is achieved by abemaciclib selectively inhibiting the proliferation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and by IMD‐0354 promoting tumor‐associated macrophage (TAM) repolarization from an M2 to M1 phenotype. Furthermore, PA/PI‐ND has improved anti‐tumor efficiency resulting from the third synergistic effect provided by chemoimmunotherapy. Taken together, PA/PI‐ND is a promising strategy to guide the design of future drug delivery carriers and cancer combination therapy.
Field and model assessments of irrigated soybean responses to increased air temperature
Authors: Sima M. W. , Fang Q. X. , Burkey K. O. , Ray S. J. , Pursley W. A. , Kersebaum K. C. , Boote K. J. , Malone R. W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCorrectly quantifying elevated air temperature effects on crop yield through field experiments and crop modeling is essential for developing adaptation strategies under climate change. In this study, the effects of elevated air temperature on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production were investigated using a four‐year open top chamber experiment (2015–2018) in North Carolina, USA. The experimental results showed that an increase of average air temperature during growing seasons by 3.4 °C to 25.7 °C decreased seed yield by 22%, final biomass by 11%, and harvest index by 12%, but did not significantly affect maturity date. The reduction in seed yield was more associated with reduction in seed number (19%) than in seed weight (2%). Two soybean growth models (CROPGRO and HERMES) in the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) were evaluated against measured temperature responses from the four‐year experiment. Both crop models simulated lower reduction in seed yield (15% for CROPGRO and 17% for HERMES), but simulated reduction in biomass was lower by CROPGRO (7%) and higher by HERMES (20%) than that measured in the chambers. Between the two models, HERMES predicted slightly better responses of seed yield and biomass to temperature across the four years than CROPGRO, whereas the opposite was true for maturity date and harvest index. However, HERMES simulated earlier maturity dates for heated treatment than observed, suggesting that improvements are needed in the model for soybean phenology response to temperature increase.
The efficacy and accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound for detecting common bile duct stones in intermediate to high‐risk patients with non‐diagnostic CT or MRCP
Authors: Lem Seng‐Gaip , Wang Szu‐Jen , Tsai Ching‐Yang , Sun Meng‐Shun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCholedocholithiasis or common bile duct (CBD) stones are found in 15% to 20% of patients with symptomatic gallstone disease. Transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) are the most commonly used imaging studies for patients with suspected CBD stones. However, the sensitivity of these modalities may decline in patients with microlithiasis (CBD stones smaller than 5 to 6 mm). From literature reviewed, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was as effective as MRCP and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), with higher accuracy in small CBD stones than MRCP and less invasive than ERCP. However, there is not much evidence in the past regarding the diagnostic value of EUS for detecting CBD stones in intermediate to high probability patients based on the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) guidelines, after non‐diagnostic CT or MRCP. A total of 92 patients with intermediate to high probability of choledocholithiasis based on ASGE guidelines were recruited in this study. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of EUS for detecting CBD stones after non‐diagnostic CT or MRCP. By using univariate and multivariate analysis, we described the significance of patients' baseline characteristics and predictors that imply for further EUS study after inconclusive CT or MRCP. 35 (38%) out of 92 patients were found to have CBD stones on EUS. Among them, 30 had stones removed by ERCP, and three patients received cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy with stones removal. Two patients with positive findings of CBD stones on EUS initially, ended up with negative findings on subsequent ERCP procedure. 57 (62%) patients with negative findings of CBD stones on EUS received regular follow‐up with a period of 9 to 24 months and showed no significant change in subsequent imaging and biochemical studies. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS for choledocholithiasis after non‐diagnostic CT or MRCP was 94.3%, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96.6%. Among all predictors for choledocholithiasis, the presence of clinical cholangitis was the only significant predictor in our multivariate analysis. In patients with intermediate to high probability of choledocholithiasis based on ASGE guidelines, EUS has shown a favorable accuracy and efficacy for detecting CBD stones when CT or MRCP is inconclusive. And the presence of clinical cholangitis is a significant predictor that indicates the necessity for EUS in patients with suspected CBD stones after non‐diagnostic CT or MRCP.
Biosynthesegencluster für Sestermobaraene – Entdeckung einer Geranylfarnesyldiphosphatsynthase und einer Multiprodukt‐Sesterterpensynthase aus Streptomyces mobaraensis
Authors: Hou Anwei , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEin Biosynthesegencluster aus Streptomyces mobaraensis wurde identifiziert, das die ersten Beispiele einer bakteriellen Geranylfarnesyldiphosphatsynthase und einer Typ I Sesterterpensynthase kodiert. Die Strukturen von sieben durch diese Enzyme produzierten Sesterterpene einschließlich ihrer absoluten Konfigurationen wurden aufgeklärt. Der Enzymmechanismus der Sesterterpensynthase wurde durch extensive Isotopenmarkierungsexperimente untersucht.
Integrated study of benthic foraging resources for Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the Pechora Sea, south‐eastern Barents Sea
Authors: Gebruk Anna , Mikhaylyukova Polina , Mardashova Maria , Semenova Varvara , Henry Lea‐Anne , Shabalin Nikolay , Narayanaswamy Bhavani E. , Mokievsky Vadim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The Atlantic walrus, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus, forms a herd of nearly 4,000 heads in the Pechora Sea (south‐eastern Barents Sea). The Near Threatened status of O. rosmarus rosmarus and the relative isolation of the Pechora Sea population, as well as the potential impacts of human activities in the area, make it important to characterize key habitats, including feeding grounds, in order to protect the species.
The aim of the present study was to integrate multiple sources of environmental and biological data collected by satellite telemetry, remotely operated vehicle (ROV), and benthic grab sampling to examine the distribution and diversity of benthic foraging resources used by walrus in the Pechora Sea.
Analysis of satellite telemetry data from seven males tagged on Vaigach Island helped to identify areas of high use by walruses near haulout sites on Matveev and Vaigach islands, and in between. Field data were collected from those feeding grounds in July 2016 using ROV video recordings and bottom grab sampling. Analysis of 19 grab stations revealed a heterogeneous macrobenthic community of 133 taxa with a mean biomass of 147.11 ± 7.35 g/m2. Bivalve molluscs, particularly Astarte borealis, Astarte montagui, and Ciliatocardium ciliatum, dominated the overall macrobenthic biomass, making up two‐thirds of the total.
Analysis of 16 ROV video transects showed high occurrences of mobile benthic decapods (3.03 ± 2.74 ind./min) and provided the first direct evidence that areas actively used by walrus in the Pechora Sea overlap with the distribution of the non‐native omnivorous snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio.
Integrating multiple data sources provides an early foundation for the kinds of ecosystem‐based approaches needed to improve Pechora Sea resource management and to underpin Russia’s nascent marine spatial planning initiatives. Factors that need to be considered in marine spatial planning include impacts on benthic feeding grounds from offshore oil and gas development and the spread of the snow crab.
Investigation of the Mechanism Behind Conductive Fluorescent and Multistimuli‐responsive Li+‐enriched Metallogel Formation
Authors: Shukla Jay , Kumar Yeeshu , Dixit Manish K. , Mahendar Chinthakuntla , Sharma Vinay K. , Kalam Abul , Dubey Mrigendra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA fluorescent metallogel (2.6 % w/v) has been obtained from two non‐fluorescent components viz. phenyl‐succinic acid derived pro‐ligand H2PSL and LiOH (2 equiv.) in DMF. Li+ ion not only plays a crucial role in gelation through aggregation, but also contributed towards enhancement of fluorescence by imposing restriction over excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) followed by origin of chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) phenomenon. Further, the participation of CHEF followed by aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) in the gelation process have been well established by fluorescence experiments. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis disclosed the sequential creation of nanonuclei followed by nanoballs and their alignment towards the generation of fibers of about 3, 31 and 40 nm diameter, respectively. The presence of a long‐range fibrous morphology inside the metallogel was further attested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Rheological studies on the metallogel showed its true gel‐phase material nature. Nyquist impedance study shows a resistance value of 7.4 kΩ for the metallogel which upon applying ultrasound increased to 8.5 kΩ, while an elevated temperature of 70 °C caused reduction in the resistance value to 4.8 kΩ. The mechanism behind metallogel formation has been well established by using FTIR, UV‐vis, SEM, TEM, PXRD, 1H NMR, fluorescence and ESI‐MS.
Double‐dipping to refine stellar rotation periods
Authors: Tan Joanne , Basri Gibor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present a refined analysis of 15,038 Kepler main sequence light curves to determine the stellar rotation periods. The initial period estimates come from an autocorrelation function, as has been done before. We then measure the duration of every intensity dip in the light curve, expressed as fractions of the initial rotation period estimate. These dip duration distributions are subdivided into several regions whose relation to each other helps determine which harmonic of the initial rotation period is most physically plausible. We compare our final rotation periods to those from McQuillan et al. (2014) and find that the great majority agree, but about 10% of their periods are doubtful (usually twice as long as is most plausible). We are still refining our method, and will later extend it to more stars to substantially increase the sample of reliable stellar rotation periods.
Water Utility Communications Can Build Trust During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Retzlaff Kimberly J. 
Published: August 2020

Key TakeawaysIn April 2020, AWWA hosted a webinar on how utilities can be a trusted source of information during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Following a communications plan and using a spokesperson, water utilities should focus on simple messages that use basic terminology.Utilities should express empathy, focus on facts, and be transparent to build and reinforce public trust during a crisis.
Secretion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipoxygenase by Pichia pastoris upon Glycerol Feed
Authors: Hashem Chiam , Stolterfoht Holly , Rinnofner Claudia , Steinberger Stefan , Winkler Margit , Pichler Harald 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa lipoxygenase (PaLOX) catalyzes the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. Not only linoleic acid, but also linolenic acid and oleic acid are oxidized. The natural host secretes PaLOX into the periplasmic space. Herein, the aim is to secrete PaLOX to the culture supernatant of Pichia pastoris. Since protein background in the culture supernatant is typically rather low, this strategy allows for almost pure production of PaLOX applicable for the valorization of renewable fatty acids, for example for the production of green leaf volatiles. Using the CAT1 promoter system and the well‐established α‐factor signal sequence for secretion, methanol‐ and glycerol‐induced secretion are compared and the latter shows four times more LOX activity in the culture supernatant under methanol‐free conditions. In addition, secreted PaLOX is purified and the specific activity with enzyme in culture supernatant is compared. Notably, the predominant specific activity is achieved for enzyme in culture supernatant ‐ 11.6 U mg−1 ‐ reaching five times higher specific activity than purified PaLOX.