bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of wood vinegar as plant based insecticide in mulberry (Morus sp)
Authors: Dewi R , Hastuti N , Nuraeni Y 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Successful maintenance of silkworms (Bombyx mori) depends on the supply of mulberry leaf feed (Morus sp). In practice, mulberry plants are not safe from pests and diseases. In the early rainy season, mulberry plants are easily attacked by whitefly (Trialeuroides vaporiorum and Bemissia tabaci). Mulberry leaves that are attacked by whitefly can no longer be given to silkworms because the nutrients are reduced. The use of plant-based insecticides in the resolvent of whitefly pests has not been widely practiced. Wood vinegar is an organic material derived from wood waste that can be used as a plant-based insecticide. The objectives of this study are to determine the percentage of whitefly attacks on mulberry plants and the application of plant-based insecticides on mulberry plants towards whitefly attacks reduction. The study was employed by field observation for 12 weeks. The results showed that the percentage of whitefly attack was 33.34%. Application of wood vinegar as insecticide with a dose of 2.5% (v/v) increased the pest resistance and induced the growth of mulberry plants.
Diversity and distribution of macrofungi in pine forest and mixed forest in Mount Merbabu National Park
Authors: Izati N , Sugiyarto  , Purwoko T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Pine forest and mixed forest in Mount Merbabu National Park (MMNP) have the different potential of macrofungi. However, the information of macrofungi in the pine and mixed forest is still lacking. The research aimed to determine the diversity and distribution of macrofungi in the pine forest and mixed forest MMNP. Retrieval of macrofungi diversity data used a plot method measuring 20 × 20 m which was divided into 16 subplots measuring 5 × 5 m. Subplots measuring 5 × 5 m was used to determine the distribution pattern of macrofungi. The results showed that there were 36 species of macrofungi found in the pine forest and 80 species in the mixed forest. The diversity of macrofungi in the pine forest belonged to moderate value with a diversity index of 2.84, whereas in the mixed forest belonged to high value with a diversity index of 3.64. There were 16 species macrofungi that can be found in the pine forest, 60 species that can be found in the mixed forest, and 20 species in both habitats. The most widespread macrofungi were the agaric type, which included Agaricales order, while the narrowest distributed macrofungi were the coral type, which include the Gomphales order. The distribution pattern of macrofungi species in the pine forest was obtained by 33 grouped species and three uniform species. The distribution pattern of macrofungi species in the mixed forest was obtained by 78 grouped species and two uniform species.
Trypsin inhibitor activities as defense mechanism of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) against pest attacks
Authors: Siregar U J , Situmorang I M , Pasaribu F A , Lestari A , Istikorini Y , Haneda N F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) plantation always suffers from a serious attack of stem borer, which is called Boktor (Xystrocera festiva Pascoe). This research aimed to investigate the presence of anti-pest substances, i.e. trypsin inhibitor on each part of a sengon tree, which might serve as a defense mechanism against the pest. Healthy and severely attacked sengon trees from Cianjur, Solomon, and Kediri provenances were sampled for their leaves, barks, and woods. Trypsin inhibitor activity from each sample was assayed using synthetic enzyme and substrate in a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed under Complete Randomized Design, using SPSS 11.5. Different provenances, tree condition, and part of tree gave significant effects on trypsin inhibitor activity. Healthy trees had a higher Trypsin Inhibitor Activity (TIA) value compared to the pest-infected tree. The sengon tree tissue that had the highest TIA is the bark from healthy trees of Solomon provenance, with a value of 730.0403 TIU/mg. Obviously the bark is the first defense against the stem borer pest.
Effect of breeding technology and trunk axial position on shrinkage and quality of 10 year old teak wood as a furniture’s raw material
Authors: Suranto Y 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Shortage on teak wood availability as material for furniture industry has been solved by developing tree breeding technology and decreasing on cut rotations. Three types of teak forest breeding technology being developed is called APB, KBK and JPP-PHT-1. Breeding technology was developed as an effort to get productive and hight quality of teak stands. Decreasing on cutting rotation encourages to increase young wood utilization. This study was aimed to determine the effect of breeding technology and axial stem position on teak wood shrinkages and wood quality of 10 years old. Nine trunk of 10 years old teak trees were harvested on forest areas of Nganjuk Forest District, East Java Province. These trees consisted of seedling grown by APB, KBK and JPP-PHT-1 breeding technology of which consisted of three trees on each kind of breeding technology. Three disks were taken from each trunk, namely from the butt, middle and upper parts. Wood shrinkages on tangential and radial and its ratio were measured based on British Standard method. Data were analyzed by using variance analysis arranged in blocked factorial and further testing were performed by using HSD Duncan. Wood quality was determined by using Suranto method. Results showed that interaction of twoo factors did not affect on tangential and radial shrikages and also tangential-radial ratio. Tree breeding technology very significantly affects on tangensial shrinkage and significanty effect on radial shrinkage. APB breeding technology produces the greatest tangential shrinkage (8.46), followed by KBK (6.62) and JPP-PHT-1 (6.59%). APB breeding technology produces the greatest radial shrinkage (5.51), followed by KBK (5.08) and JPP-PHT-1 (4.42%). The axial tree trunk position affects only on tangential and radial ratio. The stem base has a largest T/R ratio (1.84), followed by middle part (1.45) and upper part (1.26). In term of wood shrinkage, Breeding technology affects the wood quality. APB breeding technology produces the lowest timber quality (3.30), followed by JPP-PHT-1 (2.85), and KBK (2.78).
Study on East Sumba-originated natural pigments for coloring woven fabrics
Authors: Pasaribu G , Winarni I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
East Sumba Regency has long been renowned as the production site for tightly woven items. These woven items afford high economy values, since they are produced with natural-coloring stuffs (renewable-pigments). Pigment-producing plants serve as one of valuable natural sources, which afford beneficial potency for coloring textiles in Indonesia, especially in developing products that sound “back-to-nature”. Relevantly, this research aimed to conduct technical assessment and processing of pigment-producing plants associated with natural coloring-agents for fabrics in East Sumba. The methods employed in-depth interviews with various parties, who played essential roles in processing of natural pigments from plant sources; pigment extraction; and chemical tests. Results revealed that utilization of natural pigments still kept going on nowadays by the community in East Sumba to produce tight-woven items. Extraction technique of natural renewable-pigments was still very simple by immersing pigment-producing plants in water. Likewise, so was the technique for coloring threads/yarns with natural pigments by dipping and immersing methods. There were three kinds of plant-derived natural pigments utilized most by the community, with their plant species origins comprising Wora/Nila (Indigofera erecta Thunb), Kambu (Morinda cf.citrifolia L.), and (Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore). Further, extraction technique using hot water brought out higher yields of extracted pigments and better fabric-coloring qualities. Activities of tight weaving were commonly used as additional income source. Besides taking considerable time for pigment production process, recipient markets were still not appropriately available. Moreover, currently raw material source for natural pigment became more difficult to obtain. Accordingly, a part of the community began mixing natural pigments with synthetic pigments. In future, pigment-producing plants should expectedly be cultivated more seriously to maintain natural-pigment stocks.
Characteristics of liquid smoke from several kinds of waste
Authors: Komarayati S , Gusmailina  , Hendra D , Winarni I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Research into making liquid smoke has been carried out using a 3 in 1 model furnace. The material used is waste consisting of wide leaf litter, a mixture of small leaf litter and mahogany bark. The results showed that the pH ranged from 3.82 to 4.69; specific gravity of 0.99. The content of phenol and acetic acid, liquid smoke, mahogany peel 0.34%, 0.62% and 0.86%, leaf litter mixture width 0.01% and 3.74% and small leaf litter mixture 0.06% and 0.88 %. From the results of the GCMS pyrolysis test, it was known that the acid derivatives, phenols and other components. The highest acid derived compound was obtained from liquid smoke of mixed litter of 66.53% relative and the lowest from liquid smoke of mixed leaf litter which was 8.78% relative. The highest phenol derivative content is from liquid smoke of mahogany bark of 29.45% relative and the lowest of liquid smoke of mixed litter is 4.92% relative. Liquid smoke obtained can be used as a trigger for plant growth and prevention of disease pests inplants.
The potency of wood based electricity production from critical land in Indonesia
Authors: Narendra B H , Siregar C A , Salim A G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Increasing demand for woody biomass as the fuel of renewable power plants must be anticipated by utilizing critical land through land rehabilitation activities using potential woody biomass species. However, there is a lack of information on the potency of such critical land. Therefore this study aims to explore the critical land area suitable for woody biomass cultivation and estimate the electricity production that can be generated from the utilization of the critical land. The study was conducted by determining the priority areas of integrated land to be rehabilitated, identifying the status and function of the critical land area, evaluating its suitability for the woody biomass cultivation, and calculating the potential output of electrical energy. The result shows that there are approximately 3.8 million hectares of critical land, which is suitable for producing woody biomass. This area consists of 2.3 million hectares of non state forest area and 1.5 million hectares of production forest area. The largest suitable area is located in the Sumatra region, while the smallest was in the Papua region. The suitable area potentially produces electricity as much as 102,953 GWh, should be able to supply electricity of 69.5 million households. Further, the biomass has the potential to be used as co-firing fuel in coal-based power plants to reduce the negative impacts of the use of coal.
A comparison of tree biometric performance of four tropical energy wood species
Authors: Yulianti M , Adinugroho W C , Krisnawati H 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFour energy wood species, i.e. Weru(Albizia procera(Roxb.) Benth.), Akor(Acacia auriculiformisBenth), Pilang(Acacia leucophloea(Roxb.) Willd), and Kaliandra,(Calliandra calothyrsusMeisn.) that are suitable for substituting fossil energy in Indonesia were tested in experimental plots in Majalengka, West Java, Indonesia. In this paper, we assessed the performance of the planted species of up to 3.5 years old by measuring and analyzing the significant biometric parameters (height, diameter, volume, and biomass) of the trees growing on the plots. In each measurement, tree diameter and height were recorded. Volume and biomass were calculated by using allometric equations. The results showed thatA. auriculiformisperformed better than the other three species in terms of height, diameter, volume, and biomass. The performance was then followed byC. calothyrsus, A. procera, andA. leucophloea.The mean annual increment of volume and biomass ofA. auriculiformiswas 12.90 m3/ha/yr and 7.32 tonnes/ha/yr, respectively.
Synthesis of polymeric isocyanate microcapsules via interfacial polymerization and their characterisation using spectroscopy and microscopy techniques
Authors: Lubis M A R , Suryanegara L , Pramesti M A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWood adhesives are holding a key in improving the efficiency of using raw materials in the wood-based panel industry and in durability of the panels during their life in service. Massive progress has been made on research and development of wood adhesives over the past century, but many important challenges are still remaining. In this study, an alternative cross-linker for wood adhesives named microcapsules polymeric 4,4 methane diphenyl isocyanate (M-pMDI) were synthesized at different conditions via interfacial polymerization, and were characterized using spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. Three factors were taken into account to examine the characteristics of M-pMDI, namely isocyanate content, microencapsulation temperature, and microencapsulation agitation rate. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the isocyanate (-N=C=O) groups of pMDI at 2,250 cm−1disappeared after microencapsulation due to the reaction of pMDI and ethylene glycol to form urethane (-R-NH-C=O-) linkages at 1,650 cm−1as microcapsules shell. Digital microscopy and micro confocal raman imaging hyperspectral spectroscopy confirmed the formation of microcapsules and urethane shell. The results showed that concentration of isocyanate remarkably affected the yield of M-pMDI, while microencapsulation temperature and agitation speed influence the formation of microcapsules itself. Prel-liminary investigation using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that free–NCO groups could be released by applying pressure. This study suggested that a combination of 5 mL of pMDI, 60°C of microencapsulation temperature, and 600 rpm of microencapsulation agitation speed could produce M-pMDI with high yield as an alternative cross-linker for wood adhesives in the future.
Surface modification of eco-friendly particleboard made from sorghum bagasse and citric acid sucrose adhesive
Authors: Kusumah S S , Massijaya S Y , Prasetyo K W , Sutiawan J , Lubis M A R , Hermawan D 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEco-friendly particleboard made from sweet sorghum bagasse bonded with citric acid and sucrose was developed and met the minimum requirement of JIS standard. The surface roughness of particleboard which is important for coating with thin overlays, however did not measure yet. Therefore, the effect of particle size composition in surface modification of particleboard on the physical and mechanical properties of the panel was investigated. Sorghum bagasse has been used as raw materials in the manufacturing of three-layer particleboard. The composition of coarse particle (core layer) and fine particle (face and back layers) in the fabrication of particleboard was varied into four compositions such as A (0 (face): 100 (core): 0 (back), B (12.75:75:12.75), C (25:50:25), D (37.5:25:37.5)). Particleboard was bonded with 20 wt% of citric acid-sucrose (CAS) adhesive based on dry weight of particle and hot-pressing at 15 MPa and 200°C for 10 minutes. Dimension and target density of particleboards were 30 x 30 x 0.9 and 0.8 g/cm3, respectively. The physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard were evaluated according to JIS A 5908-2003. The Moisture Content (MC), Thickness Swelling (TS), Water Absorbtion (WA), Internal Bonding (IB) strength, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) values of the particleboard satisfied the requirements for the type 8 JIS A 5908-2003 standard. The particleboard made of composition C had lowest value of surface roughness. The addition of fine particle ratio on the surface layer lowered the WA and TS of the particleboard and slightly increased the IB strength. Further, the MOE and MOR of the particleboard was not affected by increasing fine particles on the surface layer. This study suggests that particle size composition remarkably affects the physical and internal bonding strength of particleboard, while it has less interference to the mechanical properties.
Physical mechanical properties of plywood made from lesser known wood veneers bonded with phenol formaldehyde adhesive
Authors: Sutiawan J , Nurhanifah  , Anggiriani S , Hermawan D , Massijaya MY , Sulastiningsih IM , Abdillah IB 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Indonesia plywood production becomes the third-largest after wood particle and pulp production. However, this production is not supported by the continuous availability of wood as raw materials, so the use of less-known wood species such as mempisang wood can be considered as alternative raw materials for plywood. This study aims to develop plywood from mempisang wood and investigate the effect of glue spread on the physical and mechanical properties of plywood. The plywood consisted of three veneers glued with various glue spread of phenol-formaldehyde resin (250 g/m2, 275 g/m2, dan 300 g/m2) using single spread method. The plywood was hot-compressed at 130°C for 5 minutes with specific pressures at 10 kg/cm2. Physical-mechanical properties of plywood were carried out based on JAS 233-2003. The higher of glue spread slightly improves the physical and mechanical properties of the mempisang plywood. The Moisture Content (MC), and Shear Strength (SS) values of the plywood satisfied the requirements for the JAS 233-2003 standard. The best level of glue spread of the plywood glued with 300 g/m2 phenol-formaldehyde.
Physical and mechanical properties of lightweight concrete with the addition of crude palm oil production wastes
Authors: Budiman I , Sari Y W , Dewi N M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The increased area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia followed by increased production and amount of palm oil waste. One of the waste products of palm oil produced from the process of purifying Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE). This research will utilize SBE waste as sand substitution material in concrete manufacture. The addition of natural fiber from the Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) in the manufacture of concrete is expected to increase the mechanical strength of concrete that meets the SNI requirements. The process of making concrete begins by mixing all ingredients, stirring, moulding, compacting manual, and curing for 28 days. Concrete making is done by substituting SBE by 10%, 30%, and 50% based on sand weight, and fiber by 2%, 4%, and 6% based on sample volume. The results showed that the substitution of 28.98% SBE for sand weight, and 5.95% EFB based on Light Weight Concrete (LWC) volume, produced concrete with the best properties.
Physical properties of impregnated sengon wood by monoethylen glycol and nano silica from betung bamboo sticks
Authors: Rahayu I S , Zaini L H , Nandika D , Darmawan W , Prihatini E , Agustian R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSengon wood(Falcataria moluccana)is a fast-growing species that has low dimensional stability and density. The purposes of this study were to analyze the effect of impregnation treatment by using MEG(monoethylen glycol)and nano silica from betung bamboo sticks on the dimensional stability and density of sengon wood and to identify the characteristics of impregnated sengon wood. The treatments were consisted of untreated (water treated), 50% MEG (MEG), 0.5% nano silica in 50% MEG (MEGsilica 0.5%), 0.75% nano silica in 50% MEG (MEGsilica 0.75%) and 1% nano silica in 50% MEG (MEGsilica 1%). Weight percent gain, anti-swelling efficiency, water uptake, bulking effect, and density were affected by the treatments. It was due to the coverage of MEG and nano silica on cell walls and vessels of sengon wood (SEM analysis). Also, the presence of nano silica in wood treated (SEM-EDX analysis). The cristalinity of sengon wood decreases because MEG is amourphous. FT-IR showed there was no MEG bonds with sengon wood cell wall components or between nano silica and sengon wood. The optimum treatment for sengon wood was MEGsilika 1%.
Improvement of physical properties of jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) through the impregnation of nano-SiO2 and melamin formaldehyde furfuril alcohol copolymer
Authors: Prihatini E , Maddu A , Rahayu I S , Kurniati M , Darmawan W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Wood polymer nano composites (WPnC) based on nano-SiO2 were prepared by the impregnation of nano-SiO2 and melamine formaldehyde-furfuryl alcohol copolymer. The objectives of this research were to analyze the effect of impregnation of nano-SiO2 and Melamine Formaldehyde Furfuryl Alcohol (MFFA) copolymers on the physical properties of jabon wood and to characterize treated jabon wood. Impregnation method improved the physical properties of jabon wood. Density of jabon become 0.56 g/cm3, weight percent gain (WPG) is 68.34%, Anti-Swelling Efficiency (ASE) is 46.66%, bulking effect (BE) is 7.55%, water uptake (WU) is 75.49%. WPnC composites were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and SEM-EDX (Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy). FTIR results showed that the Si-O-Si asymmetric stretching vibration hand slighty shifts toward a higher wave number. It indicated a reaction between nano-SiO2 and wood. XRD studies indicated a decrease in crystallinity of the composites. SEM images observed distribution of nano SiO2 in the composites.
Tannin adhesive made from snakeskin fruit and its application for laminated wood
Authors: Virginia G F , Suhasman S , Agussalim A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Snakeskin fruit called Salak is one type of tropical fruit that is widely grown in Indonesia. Salak fruit peels are known to contain a certain amount of tannin. This research explores the potential of rind salak fruit as the latest alternative adhesive. The extract from the rind had a tannin content of 1.85% and Stiasny number 76.67%. The results showed that the tannin extract of rind salak fruit was reactive to formaldehyde. Characteristics of Tannin Resorsinol Formadehyde (TRF) adhesives with variation in resorcinol concentration have a significant effect on its viscosity, gelatinization, and solid content. Utilizitaion of recorcinol 15% in TRF adhesive formula resulting a highest bonding strength of produced laminated wood. The value was 67.85 kg/cm3 with 53.3% wood failure on laminated wood. Those result indicated that utilization of tannin based adhesive from skin of salak fruit is very potential as an alternative raw material for bio adhesive.