bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A severe coronavirus disease 2019&nbsp;patient with high-risk predisposing factors died from massive gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report
Authors: Chen Taojiang , Yang Qin , Duan Hongyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious and has been a significant public health threat. Despite typical manifestations of illness are dominated by respiratory symptom, some patients have concurrent gastrointestinal manifestations, including nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Massive gastrointestinal bleeding, however, has rarely been reported. Case presentation: We herein describe a case of severe SARS-CoV-2 infected patient with several risk factors for poor prognosis, including male, hypertension, old age, mixed bacterial infection and multilobular infiltration on radiological imaging. After improvement of respiratory status, the onset of gastrointestinal bleeding occurred, probably resulting from direct viral invasion as evidenced by the positive findings for SARS-CoV-2 in the repeat stool specimens. Although aggressive resuscitation was administered, hematochezia was uncontrolled. The patient rapidly deteriorated, suffered cardiac arrest, and expired. Conclusions: Digestive symptoms could be severe in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, especially for the high-risk individuals with predisposing conditions. A more thorough protocol for preventing cross-infection through faecal-oral transmission should be implemented in the process of patient care and infection control.
FGF21 and its Relationship with Inflammatory and Metabolic Parameters in HIV Patients after Antiretroviral Treatment
Authors: Ruiz-Padilla Alan Joel , Ruiz-Noa Yeniley , del Rocio Ibarra-Reynoso Lorena , Lazo-de-la-Vega-Monroy Maria-Luisa , Alonso-Castro Angel Josabad , Sánchez-Barajas Mauricio , Alvarez-Alvarez Rosa Margarita , del Carmen Preciado-Puga Mónica 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) serum levels are associated with insulin
resistance and metabolic syndrome in HIV patients.

Objective:
To quantify FGF21 levels in HIV patients using antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to analyze
a possible association between serum FGF21 levels and lipid profile, levels of proinflammatory
cytokines, and atherogenic risk factors.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty patients with HIV infection, who received ART in a scheme consisting
of Tenofovir/Emtricitabine+Lopinavir/Ritonavir, were enrolled in this study. The serum levels
of FGF21, inflammatory parameters (IL-6 and IL-1β), glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin
were determined at baseline and after 36 weeks of treatment. The homeostatic model assessment
for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the atherogenic risk factor were also calculated.

Results:
After 36 weeks, serum FGF21 levels decreased significantly (p=0.011), whereas IL-6 levels
(r=0.821, p=0.0001) and the CD4+ T cell count (r=0.446, p=0.048), showed a positive correlation
with the decrease in FGF21 levels. There was an increase in total cholesterol (r=-0.483,
p=0.031), LDL (r=-0.496, p=0.026), VLDL (r=-0.320, p=0.045), and the atherogenic index factor
(r=-0.539, p=0.014), these values showed a negative correlation with FGF21 levels.

Conclusions:
The decrease of serum FGF21 levels due to ART is associated with the alteration in
lipid profile and an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. These variations are predictors of inflammatory
status in HIV patients using antiretroviral therapy.
Synthesis and In silico Studies of Quinazolinone Derivatives as PARP-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Verma Sonia , Pathania Akashdeep Singh , Baranwal Somesh , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Cancer is a leading cause of deaths worldwide, accounting for 9.6 million
deaths in 2018. According to the WHO, the most common causes of cancer deaths are lung, colorectal,
stomach liver and breast cancer.

Introduction:
PARP-1 has a crucial role in cell proliferation, survival and death due to its role in the regulation
of multiple biological processes. Quinazolinone and its derivatives represent a large class of biologically
active compounds that exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities such as anti-HIV, anticancer, antifungal,
antibacterial, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antimalarial, antioxidant and antileishmanial
activities.

Methods:
In this study, we have synthesized quinazolinone derivatives by reaction of 2-
aminobenzamide and substituted benzaldehydes. The synthesized compounds were also screened in
silico for their PARP-1 binding affinities by molecular docking studies using Schrodinger 2016
software. In silico ADME studies were also performed for the synthesized compounds by using
QikProp tool of Schrodinger software.

Results:
Results of in silico studies indicated that quinazolinone derivatives exhibited a good affinity
towards the active site of PARP-1. Out of all synthesized compounds, SVA-11 exhibited a maximum
dock score (-10.421). Results of ADME studies indicated the suitability of synthesized compounds
as drug candidates.

Conclusion:
The synthesized compounds showed better docking scores than reference drug valiparib.
Furthermore, they exhibited favorable ADME profile. Therefore, they may serve as lead compounds
in the discovery of PARP-1 inhibitors.
Two-pot Oxidative Preparation of Dicarboxylic Acid Containing Cellulose
for the Removal of Beryllium (Be2+) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Özdemir Vedat Tolga , Tuğaç Himmet Mert , Arar Özgür 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Cellulose is one of the most abundant, non-toxic, and renewable natural biopolymers. The presence
of hydroxyl groups in cellulose leads to further modification of it. Preparation and modification of cellulose-based sorbents
and their applications on water treatment gained traction in recent years.

Objective:
A low-cost and eco-friendly biosorbent was designed and fabricated by introducing the acetate functional groups
into cellulose for removing Beryllium (Be2+) from an aqueous solution. The so
rption of Be2+ on acetate containing cellulose
was evaluated for varying sorbent doses and initial solution pH values.

Method:
The sorbent was prepared by a two-step oxidation process. In the initial step, cellulose reacted with NaIO4 and
aldehyde groups were introduced to cellulose. In the second step, newly obtained aldehyde groups were oxidized to create
acetate groups.

Results:
The kinetics of the sorption process showed that Be2+ uptake reached equilibrium in 3 minutes. The sorption
isotherm was well fitted in the Langmuir model, and maximum sorption capacity was 4.54 mg/g. Moreover, the
thermodynamic studies demonstrated that Be2+ sorption is spontaneous and exothermic. Furthermore, the prepared sorbent
can be regenerated by using 0.1 M HCl or H2SO4 solutions.

Conclusion:
Removal of Be2+ is pH dependent and it is favorable at high solution pH. The kinetics of the prepared sorbent
is rapid and equilibrium attained in 3 minutes. The prepared sorbent can be regenerated with 0.1 M acid solution with >
99% efficiency.
Structural, Vibrational, Electrical, Electrochemical and Capacitive Investigations on Ionic Liquid Doped P (VDF-HFP) + NaSCN Based Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Manfo Azemtsop T. , Singh Pramod K. , Mehra R.M. , Singh R.C. , Gupta Meenal 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Solid polymer electrolyte (SPEs) films based on poly (vinylidene
fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF–HFP) and sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) are prepared
using the solution casting technique.

Methods:
Ionic liquid (IL; 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tricyanomethanide ([EMIM]
[TCM]) is incorporated into the prepared polymer-salt complex matrix to enhance its ionic
conductivity further. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) shows a change in the surface
morphology of IL doped polymer electrolyte films. The composite nature of polymer electrolyte
films is confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy via studying
ion-ion and ion-polymer interactions. The structural morphology of ionic liquid doped
polymer electrolyte films (ILDPE) confirms the complexation between the ionic liquid
([EMIM][TCM]), salt (NaSCN) and polymer P(VDF-HFP). This is further confirmed using
DSC and XRD measurements. The XRD structural analysis confirms that the intensity of
crystalline peaks present in IL doped solid polymer electrolyte films decreases as compared
to that of the pure polymer as well as polymer salt complex system. XRD clearly indicates
the enhancement in its amorphous nature, which is necessary to increase the conductivity.

Results:
The incorporation of IL into polymer salt-complex matrix leads to changes in the
melting of polymer electrolytes, confirmed by DSC thermograms. Polymer electrolyte films
are also characterized using impedance spectroscopy (IS) to check their electrical properties.
The highest ionic conductivity is found to be 7.80×10-4 S cm-1 for 6 wt% IL doped polymer
electrolyte film.

Conclusion:
The Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) analysis shows that the optimized polymer
gel electrolyte is electrochemically stable up to 1.5 V. The calculated value of ionic
transference number (tion) is found to be 0.985. A laboratory scale electrical double layer capacitor
(EDLC) has been fabricated using this highly conducting polymer electrolyte film.
The specific capacitance value is found to be 1.31 F g-1.
Assessment of Population Well-Being With the Mental Health Quotient (MHQ): Development and Usability Study
Authors: Newson Jennifer Jane , Thiagarajan Tara C 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundExisting mental health assessment tools provide an incomplete picture of symptom experience and create ambiguity, bias, and inconsistency in mental health outcomes. Furthermore, by focusing on disorders and dysfunction, they do not allow a view of mental health and well-being across a general population.ObjectiveThis study aims to demonstrate the outcomes and validity of a new web-based assessment tool called the Mental Health Quotient (MHQ), which is designed for the general population. The MHQ covers the complete breadth of clinical mental health symptoms and also captures healthy mental functioning to provide a complete profile of an individual’s mental health from clinical to thriving.MethodsThe MHQ was developed based on the coding of symptoms assessed in 126 existing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)–based psychiatric assessment tools as well as neuroscientific criteria laid out by Research Domain Criteria to arrive at a comprehensive set of semantically distinct mental health symptoms and attributes. These were formulated into questions on a 9-point scale with both positive and negative dimensions and developed into a web-based tool that takes approximately 14 min to complete. As its output, the assessment provides overall MHQ scores as well as subscores for 6 categories of mental health that distinguish clinical and at-risk groups from healthy populations based on a nonlinear scoring algorithm. MHQ items were also mapped to the DSM fifth edition (DSM-5), and clinical diagnostic criteria for 10 disorders were applied to the MHQ outcomes to cross-validate scores labeled at-risk and clinical. Initial data were collected from 1665 adult respondents to test the tool.ResultsScores in the normal healthy range spanned from 0 to 200 for the overall MHQ, with an average score of approximately 100 (SD 45), and from 0 to 100 with average scores between 48 (SD 21) and 55 (SD 22) for subscores in each of the 6 mental health subcategories. Overall, 2.46% (41/1665) and 13.09% (218/1665) of respondents were classified as clinical and at-risk, respectively, with negative scores. Validation against DSM-5 diagnostic criteria showed that 95% (39/41) of those designated clinical were positive for at least one DSM-5–based disorder, whereas only 1.14% (16/1406) of those with a positive MHQ score met the diagnostic criteria for a mental health disorder.ConclusionsThe MHQ provides a fast, easy, and comprehensive way to assess population mental health and well-being; identify at-risk individuals and subgroups; and provide diagnosis-relevant information across 10 disorders.
Digital Health Tools and Patients With Drug Use Disorders: Qualitative Patient Experience Study of the Electronic Case-Finding and Help Assessment Tool (eCHAT)
Authors: Choy Melinda Ada , Sturgiss Elizabeth , Goodyear-Smith Felicity , Smith Gavin JD 
Published: July 2020

Background
One of the promises of digital health is to better engage patients and improve care for vulnerable populations. Patients with drug use disorders are a vulnerable population who often do not receive the care they need, both for their drug use disorders as well as their other health care needs. Appropriate primary care for patients with drug use disorders needs to be patient-centered, holistic, highly accessible, and engaging. The electronic Case-finding and Help Assessment Tool (eCHAT) was designed as a patient-centered tool for the identification and measurement of problematic health behaviors and mood states.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the patient experience of eCHAT at an Australian family medicine clinic for patients with drug use disorders.

Methods
A total of 12 semistructured interviews were conducted with patients, two interviews were conducted with doctors, and one focus group was conducted with patient advocates who were former patients of the clinic where the study took place. The transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results
The key themes identified from the interviews and the focus group were as follows: (1) eCHAT helped reduce stigma related to drug use in the doctor-patient consultation, (2) restricted answer options impacted the ability of patients to tell their stories, (3) patient-related response factors, (4) increased efficiency in the consultation process, and (5) divergence in level of concern around security and privacy.

Conclusions
eCHAT has the potential to help vulnerable patients in primary care to engage more with their doctors and reduce experiences of stigma. eCHAT may be a useful digital health intervention in a family medicine clinic for patients with drug use disorders. It has the potential to improve patient engagement and access to health care, which are crucial areas of need in this vulnerable population. However, it is important to clearly communicate the privacy risk of digital health tools and to implement eCHAT such that it will add value to, rather than displace, in-person consultations with the family doctor.
Public Interest in Acne on the Internet: Comparison of Search Information From Google Trends and Naver
Authors: Park Tae Heum , Kim Woo Il , Park Suyeon , Ahn Jaeouk , Cho Moon Kyun , Kim Sooyoung 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAcne vulgaris is a common skin disease primarily affecting young adults. Given that the internet has become a major source of health information, especially among the young, the internet is a powerful tool of communication and has a significant influence on patients.ObjectiveThis study aimed to clarify the features of patients’ interest in and evaluate the quality of information about acne vulgaris on the internet.MethodsWe compared the search volumes on acne vulgaris with those of other dermatological diseases using Google Trends from January 2004 to August 2019. We also determined the search volumes for relevant keywords of acne vulgaris on Google and Naver and evaluated the quality of answers to the queries in KnowledgeiN.ResultsThe regression analysis of Google Trends data demonstrated that the patients’ interest in acne vulgaris was higher than that for other dermatological diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (β=−20.33, 95% CI –22.27 to –18.39, P<.001) and urticaria (β=−27.09, 95% CI –29.03 to –25.15, P<.001) and has increased yearly (β=2.38, 95% CI 2.05 to 2.71, P<.001). The search volume for acne vulgaris was significantly higher in the summer than in the spring (β=–5.04, 95% CI –9.21 to –0.88, P=.018) and on weekends than on weekdays (β=–6.68, 95% CI –13.18 to –0.18, P=.044). The most frequently searched relevant keywords with “acne vulgaris” and “cause” were “stress,” “food,” and “cosmetics.” Among food, the 2 highest acne vulgaris–related keywords were milk and wheat in Naver and coffee and ramen in Google. The queries in Naver KnowledgeiN were mostly answered by a Korean traditional medicine doctor (53.4%) or the public (33.6%), but only 12.0% by dermatologists.ConclusionsPhysicians should be aware of patients’ interest in and beliefs about acne vulgaris to provide the best patient education and care, both online and in the clinic.
Blockchain in Health Care Innovation: Literature Review and Case Study From a Business Ecosystem Perspective
Authors: Chang Shuchih Ernest , Chen YiChian 
Published: July 2020

Background
Blockchain technology is leveraging its innovative potential in various sectors and its transformation of business-related processes has drawn much attention. Topics of research interest have focused on medical and health care applications, while research implications have generally concluded in system design, literature reviews, and case studies. However, a general overview and knowledge about the impact on the health care ecosystem is limited.

Objective
This paper explores a potential paradigm shift and ecosystem evolution in health care utilizing blockchain technology.

Methods
A literature review with a case study on a pioneering initiative was conducted. With a systematic life cycle analysis, this study sheds light on the evolutionary development of blockchain in health care scenarios and its interactive relationship among stakeholders.

Results
Four stages—birth, expansion, leadership, and self-renewal or death—in the life cycle of the business ecosystem were explored to elucidate the evolving trajectories of blockchain-based health care implementation. Focused impacts on the traditional health care industry are highlighted within each stage to further support the potential health care paradigm shift in the future.

Conclusions
This paper enriches the existing body of literature in this field by illustrating the potential of blockchain in fulfilling stakeholders’ needs and elucidating the phenomenon of coevolution within the health care ecosystem. Blockchain not only catalyzes the interactions among players but also facilitates the formation of the ecosystem life cycle. The collaborative network linked by blockchain may play a critical role on value creation, transfer, and sharing among the health care community. Future efforts may focus on empirical or case studies to validate the proposed evolution of the health care ecosystem.
PHARMACY STUDENTS’ OPINIONS OF USING MOCK QUESTIONS TO PREPARE FOR SUMMATIVE EXAMINATIONS
Authors: SIAB FOZIA , MORRISSEY HANA , BALL PATRICK 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Mock questions are thought to benefit to students through help with learning, revealing specific areas of learning difficulties, practice examination timing and aiding a higher mark in the examination. The literature suggests practice questions have a direct impact on students’ academic performance and improving examination confidence.
The aim of the study was to gather opinions of pharmacy students on using mock examinations and practice questions to prepare for summative examinations.
Methods: Paper based questionnaires were distributed to all fourth year pharmacy students at the start of a university scheduled workshop session. The data was transcribed onto a Microsoft Excel™ spreadsheet and analysed.
Results: Out of all fourth year pharmacy students 73% completed the questionnaire of which 91% had received access to mock questions but only 92% of those who had access used them. Common themes were identified; the benefits of using mock questions were ‘knowledge’, ‘examination style’ and ‘identification of weaknesses’. Furthermore, most participants chose ‘Year 3 Calculations exam’ (62%) as the most useful summative examination for which to use mock questions.
Conclusion: Mock questions have a place in improving the performance of pharmacy students in examinations. The study results showed that the majority of participants who used mock questions found them to be useful in promoting learning, revealing specific areas of learning difficulties, improving awareness of examination structure, practicing their ability to apply knowledge to questions under examination conditions and to motivate students to revise more using better strategies.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EFFECT OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC SUPERDISINTEGRANTS IN THE FORMULATION OF RIZATRIPTAN BENZOATE ORAL DISPERSIBLE TABLETS
Authors: F. R. SHEEBA , CHAUDHARY KUNDAN 
Published: July 2020

Objective: In the present study, the effects of a natural superdisintegrant gellan gum, karya synthetic gum superdisintegrants like sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone and combination of natural and synthetic superdisintegrant were compared in the formulations of rizatriptan benzoate oral dispersible tablets.
Methods: This oral dispersible tablets were prepared by direct compression method and evaluated for weight variation, hardness, disintegration time, drug content, friability and dissolution. Drug compatibility with excipients was checked by FTIR studies. Stability study of the prepared tablets was done at 40±2°/75%±5% RH for a period of 1 mo.
Results: FTIR studies showed that no any chemical interaction between drugs and excipients. The in vitro drug release study revealed that formulation F9 combination of both crospovidone and karya gum was the most successful formulation and disintegrate time within 13 seconds and drug release within 10 min. The drug release from the best formulations followed first-order kinetics, which is concentration-dependent. Short terms stability studies of the tablet for three months showed non-significant drug loss.
Conclusion: The formulation containing a combination of natural and synthetic superdisintegrant was found to be the best results. Apart from fulfilling all official and other specifications, the tablets exhibited a higher rate of drug release.
Venous stenting for patients with outflow obstruction and leg ulcers: cost–effectiveness and budget impact analyses
Authors: Rognoni Carla , Lugli Marzia , Maleti Oscar , Tarricone Rosanna 
Published: July 2020

Aim:
To perform cost–effectiveness analysis (CEA) and budget impact analysis (BIA) comparing stenting to standard medical treatment (SMT) for the management of deep venous outflow obstruction and leg ulcers from the Italian Healthcare Service perspective.
Materials & methods:
A Markov model was developed to project costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) over 3 years, based on data from literature combined with real-world data. Moreover, a BIA was performed comparing the current scenario (100% SMT) with increasing utilization rates of stenting over SMT from 0.5 to 5%, in the next 5 years.
Results:
Stenting is a cost-effective (incremental cost-utility ratio €12,388/QALY) or dominant option versus SMT, according to in-patient or day-hospital settings, respectively. Increasing use of stenting over SMT, in the next 5 years, is expected to yield additional costs of 39.5 million Euros (in-patient) or savings of 5.1 million Euros (day-hospital).
Conclusion:
Stenting is a cost-effective option compared with SMT for patients with deep vein occlusion and ulceration in Italy.