bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adrenalectomía laparoscópica en un paciente con quiste broncogénico
Authors: Briseño Renteria Juan Ivan , López Verdugo José Francisco , Estrada Bujanos Juan Miguel , Camacho Trejo Victor Florentino , Quintero Badillo Juan Eduardo , Tejeda Andrade José Francisco , CASTRO ZAZUETA SAID , Morales Mondragón Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2020

ANTECEDENTES: Los quistes broncogénicos son formaciones congénitas provenientes del desarrollo fetal anómalo del árbol traqueobronquial. El sitio más común es el tórax; sin embargo, se han reportado casos excepcionales en el abdomen, debido al retraso en la migración de estructuras abdominales durante la gestación. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente femenina de 53 años de edad, que acudió al servicio de Urgencias con dolor agudo en la fosa renal izquierda, sin reacción al tratamiento con analgésicos convencionales. La urotomografía computada evidenció la glándula adrenal con una masa de bordes bien definidos, de 7.1 x 4.3 x 6.0 cm, sin realce con la administración del medio de contraste (densidad promedio de 37 UH), sugerente de un quiste con contenido denso. La resonancia magnética en secuencia T2 mostró una masa retroperitoneal adyacente a la parte interna del riñón, que desplazaba la glándula suprarrenal izquierda, de 38 x 67 mm de diámetro en corte axial. En secuencia T1 se comportó de manera hiperintensa, pero no se observó reforzamiento con el paso del medio de contraste, que también fue sugerente de un quiste. Se decidió la adrenalectomía laparoscópica izquierda, sin complicaciones transquirúrgicas y con sangrado estimado de 100 cc. Con el reporte histopatológico se estableció el diagnóstico de quiste bronquial subdiafragmático.CONCLUSIÓN: Los pacientes con quistes broncogénicos suelen cursar asintomáticos y su diagnóstico es fortuito. El tratamiento retroperitoneal consiste en la extirpación quirúrgica. Los quistes broncogénicos deben considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de masas suprarrenales.PALABRAS CLAVE: Quiste broncogénico; laparoscopia; glándula suprarrenal; adrenalectomía; quiste broncogénico retroperitoneal.
Prevalencia de vejiga hiperactiva en la Ciudad de México. Resultados de un análisis preliminar
Authors: Cruz Ruíz José , Farrera Gonzalez Viviana , Ransom Rodríguez Adrián , Ávalo Jiménez Julio César , Landa Soler Martín , González Serrano Adolfo , Cortez Betancourt Roberto , Marín Acosta Delfino De Jesús , Torres Aguilar Jesús , Herrera Muñoz Javier Antonio , Cantellano Orozco Mauricio , Castro Marín Melchor , Sosa Anau Nayelli , García Mora Arturo , Rodríguez Covarrubias Francisco Tomás 
Published: December 2020

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de vejiga hiperactiva y su repercusión (grado de afectación) en la calidad de vida de pacientes captados en cinco centros hospitalarios de la Ciudad de México. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional efectuado mediante la recolección prospectiva de expedientes provenientes de la consulta externa de Medicina general, Medicina familiar o Medicina interna de cinco centros hospitalarios de la Ciudad de México, entre enero y diciembre de 2017. Se solicitó a los participantes responder el cuestionario ICIQ-OAB (versión validada en español), en una sola ocasión y durante la misma visita. Los pacientes se dividieron en grupos etarios decenales a partir de 18 años. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS: Al momento del análisis intermedio, se contó con las encuestas de 352 participantes. El 72% (n = 253) reportó urgencia urinaria, como síntoma cardinal de vejiga hiperactiva (78 vs 66% en mujeres y hombres, respectivamente, p<0.05). Los síntomas moderados-severos se reportaron en 16% de los pacientes mayores de 57 años de edad. Los síntomas severos fueron más frecuentes en mujeres (68%). El 31% de los casos refirió afectación moderada-severa en la calidad de vida. El principal síntoma concomitante fue nicturia (81%); sin embargo, la incontinencia urinaria de urgencia provocó mayor molestia en los pacientes (32%). CONCLUSIÓN: La urgencia urinaria (síntoma cardinal de la vejiga hiperactiva) es una alteración con elevada prevalencia en la población de la Ciudad de México. PALABRAS CLAVE: Síntomas de la vía urinaria inferior; vejiga hiperactiva; calidad de vida.
Complications of retrograde ureteroscopy. Prevention, early recognition, and treatment
Authors: Cruz Ruíz José , Pulido Negrete Oscar Raul , Méndez Probst Carlos Enrique 
Published: December 2020

La ureteroscopia es un procedimientos comúnmente efectuado en pacientes con diversos padecimientos del aparato urinario superior. Debido al progreso en la tecnología y desarrollo de destrezas médicas se ha incrementado su utilización en todo el mundo, por lo que actualmente representa un método fundamental en el área de la urología. Sin embargo, como cualquier otro procedimiento quirúrgico, la ureteroscopia no está exenta de complicaciones, de tal modo que el conocimiento y experiencia es de suma importancia para la práctica urológica. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue revisar las complicaciones más frecuentes en la práctica de la ureteroscopia. PALABRAS CLAVE: Ureteroscopia; complicaciones intraoperatorias; urolitiasis.
Tratamiento quirúrgico del hipospadias. Experiencia de 10 años
Authors: Gonzalez Maldonado Adrian Alejandro , Manzo Pérez Gildardo , Vanzzini Guerrero Marco Antonio , Manzo Pérez Braulio Omar , Lozada Hernández Edgard Efrén , Sánchez López Héctor Manuel 
Published: December 2020

ANTECEDENTES: El hipospadias es la segunda anomalía congénita urológica más frecuente en varones recién nacidos. En México se ha reportado una prevalencia de 2.6 por cada 10,000 nacimientos. Aunque existen diversas técnicas quirúrgicas, ninguna se ha estandarizado como tratamiento de elección. OBJETIVO: Analizar la experiencia de 10 años en el tratamiento de hipospadias, además de describir sus características, técnicas quirúrgicas y complicaciones. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, observacional y transversal al que se incluyeron pacientes operados del hipospadias de 2008 a 2017. Evaluación y análisis de las características del hipospadias, técnicas quirúrgicas implementadas, complicaciones a corto y largo plazo, y tasa de éxito. Las variables categóricas se reportaron como frecuencia y porcentaje. Reporte de variables categóricas: frecuencia y porcentaje. Comparación de variables cualitativas con c2 o prueba exacta de Fisher. Estimación de medidas de asociación mediante el cálculo de razón de momios e intervalo de confianza de 95%. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo el valor de p < 0.05. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 190 pacientes en quienes se efectuó la corrección del hipospadias. De acuerdo con la localización del meato uretral, el hipospadias se clasificó en distal (42.6%), medio (29%) y proximal (28.4%). La edad media fue de 38.9 ± 30.6 meses. La técnica quirúrgica más utilizada fue la tubulización con incisión del plato (46.3%). Se reportaron complicaciones posoperatorias en 52.1% de los casos, principalmente fístula uretrocutánea (24.2%), asociada con la técnica de tubulización con incisión del plato (38.9%), seguida de Thiersch-Duplay (20.3%), Onlay (16.9%), Duckett (13.5%), glanduloplastia de aproximación (5.08%), Mathieu (3.3%) y avance meatal con glanduloplastia (1.6%). La dehiscencia del glande ocurrió en 15.7% y estenosis del meato en 7.8%. CONCLUSIONES: La corrección del hipospadias y sus complicaciones siguen siendo un reto para los cirujanos. Este estudio sirve de precedente para identificar las fallas y debilidades al momento de efectuar la corrección quirúrgica. La identificación de factores asociados con la disminución de las complicaciones permanece en investigación. PALABRAS CLAVE: Hipospadias; complicaciones; técnicas quirúrgicas; tubulización con incisión del plato.
Metanormativity: solving questions of moral and empirical uncertainty
Authors: Corrêa Nicholas Kluge , Oliveira Nythamar Fernandes de 
Published: December 2020

How can someone reconcile the desire to eat meat, and a tendency toward vegetarian ideals? How should we reconcile contradictory moral values? How can we aggregate different moral theories? How individual preferences can be fairly aggregated to represent a will, norm, or social decision? Conflict resolution and preference aggregation are tasks that intrigue philosophers, economists, sociologists, decision theorists, and many other scholars, being a rich interdisciplinary area for research. When trying to solve questions about moral uncertainty a meta understanding of the concept of normativity can help us to develop strategies to deal with norms themselves. 2nd-order normativity, or norms about norms, is a hierarchical way to think about how to combine many different normative structures and preferences into a single coherent decision. That is what metanormativity is all about, a way to answer: what should we do when we don’t know what to do? In this study, we will review a decision-making strategy dealing with moral uncertainty, Maximization of Expected Choice-Worthiness. This strategy, proposed by William MacAskill, allows for the aggregation and inter-theoretical comparison of different normative structures, cardinal theories, and ordinal theories. In this study, we will exemplify the metanormative methods proposed by MacAskill, using has an example, a series of vegetarian dilemmas. Given the similarity to this metanormative strategy to expected utility theory, we will also show that it is possible to integrate both models to address decision-making problems in situations of empirical and moral uncertainty. We believe that this kind of ethical-mathematical formalism can be useful to help develop strategies to better aggregate moral preferences and solve conflicts.
Validation of SMILES HCl profiles over a wide range from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere
Authors: Nara Seidai , Sato Tomohiro O. , Yamada Takayoshi , Fujinawa Tamaki , Kuribayashi Kota , Manabe Takeshi , Froidevaux Lucien , Livesey Nathaniel J. , Walker Kaley A. , Xu Jian , Schreier Franz , Orsolini Yvan J. , Limpasuvan Varavut , Kuno Nario , Kasai Yasuko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is the most abundant (more than 95 %) among inorganic chlorine compounds Cly in the upper stratosphere.
The HCl molecule is observed to obtain long-term quantitative estimations of the total budget of the stratospheric chlorine compounds.
In this study, we provided HCl vertical profiles at altitudes of 16–100 km using the
Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) from space.
The HCl vertical profile from the upper troposphere to the lower thermosphere is reported for the first time from SMILES observations; the data quality is quantified by comparison with other measurements and via theoretical error analysis.
We used the SMILES level-2 research product version 3.0.0.
The period of the SMILES HCl observation was from 12 October 2009 to 21 April 2010, and the latitude coverage was 40∘ S–65∘ N.
The average HCl vertical profile showed an increase with altitude up to the stratopause (∼ 45 km), approximately constant values between the stratopause and the upper mesosphere (∼ 80 km), and a decrease from the mesopause to the lower thermosphere (∼ 100 km).
This behavior was observed in all latitude regions and reproduced by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model in the specified dynamics configuration (SD-WACCM).
We compared the SMILES HCl vertical profiles in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere with HCl profiles from Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite, as well as from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) on SCISAT and the TErahertz and submillimeter LImb Sounder (TELIS) (balloon borne).
The TELIS observations were performed using the superconductive limb emission technique, as used by SMILES.
The globally averaged vertical HCl profiles of SMILES agreed well with those of MLS and ACE-FTS within 0.25 and 0.2 ppbv between 20 and 40 km (within 10 % between 30 and 40 km; there is a larger discrepancy below 30 km), respectively.
The SMILES HCl concentration was smaller than those of MLS and ACE-FTS as the altitude increased from 40 km, and the difference was approximately 0.4–0.5 ppbv (12 %–15 %) at 50–60 km.
The difference between SMILES and TELIS HCl observations was about 0.3 ppbv in the polar winter region between 20 and 34 km, except near 26 km.
SMILES HCl error sources that may cause discrepancies with the other observations are investigated by a theoretical error analysis.
We calculated errors caused by the uncertainties of spectroscopic parameters, instrument functions, and atmospheric temperature profiles.
The Jacobian for the temperature explains the negative bias of the SMILES HCl concentrations at 50–60 km.
Flexible vector-based spatial configurations in land models
Authors: Gharari Shervan , Clark Martyn P. , Mizukami Naoki , Knoben Wouter J. M. , Wong Jefferson S. , Pietroniro Alain 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Land models are increasingly used in terrestrial hydrology due to
their process-oriented representation of water and energy fluxes. A priori
specification of the grid size of the land models is typically defined based
on the spatial resolution of forcing data, the modeling objectives, the
available geospatial information, and computational resources. The
variability of the inputs, soil types, vegetation covers, and forcing is
masked or aggregated based on the a priori grid size. In this study, we propose an
alternative vector-based implementation to directly configure a land model
using unique combinations of land cover types, soil types, and other desired
geographical features that have hydrological significance, such as elevation
zone, slope, and aspect. The main contributions of this paper are to (1) implement the vector-based spatial configuration using the Variable
Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model; (2) illustrate how the spatial
configuration of the model affects simulations of basin-average quantities
(i.e., streamflow) as well as the spatial variability of internal processes
(snow water equivalent, SWE, and evapotranspiration, ET); and (3) describe the work and challenges ahead to improve the
spatial structure of land models. Our results show that a model
configuration with a lower number of computational units, once calibrated,
may have similar accuracy to model configurations with more computational
units. However, the different calibrated parameter sets produce a range of,
sometimes contradicting, internal states and fluxes. To better address the
shortcomings of the current generation of land models, we encourage the land
model community to adopt flexible spatial configurations to improve model
representations of fluxes and states at the scale of interest.
Frozen 2: Communication Rights and the Thaw of Public Funding in Small Media Systems
Authors: Puppis Manuel , Van den Bulck Hilde , Bürdel Etienne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis contribution investigates how public funding of media can be reinterpreted to fit a communication rights–based approach to media policy. To this end, it describes and evaluates current public funding in small democratic-corporatist European media systems. While public funding is no longer “frozen” in its late twentieth-century state, as funding mechanisms have undergone significant change, when held against a rights-based approach, it appears there is a need to shift the basis for funding from safeguarding the survival of media industries to safeguarding the communication rights of citizens, allowing media to become “enablers” in executing these rights.
Public Service Media as a Political Issue: How Does the European Parliament Approach PSM and Communication Rights?
Authors: Rodríguez-Castro Marta , Campos-Freire Francisco , López-Cepeda Ana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlatform dominance, threats to media freedom and disinformation are some of the key phenomena that are shaping the current media environment in Europe and threatening citizens' communication rights. Within this context, Public Service Media (PSM) could have an important role to play, although explicit political support is needed. This article studies the main communication and PSM topics that have been discussed in the European Parliament during the past term (2014–2019) as well as the proposals drafted by political parties for the 2019 European election. The results show that the main proposals linked to PSM involve their independence and the need for increased collaboration, including the establishment of a European public service platform that would enhance the development of a European public sphere.
Stop Spreading The Data: PSM, Trust, and Third-Party Services
Authors: Sørensen Jannick Kirk , Van den Bulck Hilde , Kosta Sokol 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe article analyzes problems relating to public service media use of third-party services that track, collect, and analyze user behavior. The article extends a rights-based conception of privacy to privacy as a social phenomenon based in trust, relevant to public service media as “islands of trust.” However, data of European public and private media sites show that public service media, especially those that run advertising, show few differences with private media in their use of third-party services. The European Union's (EU's) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) did significantly change this, suggesting a need for public service media to prioritize ethical values over market considerations.
Infertility insurance: What coverage exists for physician trainees?
Authors: Muncey Wade , Jesse Erin , Loeb Aram , Thirumavalavan Nannan 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: We aimed to describe infertility insurance coverage provided to male and female fellows working at institutions that offer advanced infertility training.
Methods: Faculty and fellows working within U.S. and Canadian Andrology or Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (REI) programs were contacted and asked for a copy of their institutional health insurance summary of benefits. Documents were assessed for coverage of diagnosis and treatment, shared costs, and maximum lifetime coverage for infertility care.
Results: Insurance policies from 24 institutions were reviewed; 16 of 24 (66%) institutions covered costs related to the diagnosis of infertility. Six institutions (25%) offered coverage for diagnosis but not treatment. There were 15 (62.5%) institutions that offered some amount of coverage for the treatment of infertility, and the average lifetime maximum was $16 100. Only six of 24 (25%) plans explicitly described a covered male-specific treatment, which included sperm extraction (12.5%), varicocele repair (4.2%), and sperm cryopreservation (8.3%).
Conclusions: For physician trainees, infertility insurance coverage is not universal, policies are not transparent, and treatment for male factor infertility is often omitted. With high costs of infertility treatment, variable insurance coverage, and debt and time constraints, residents and fellows are a particularly vulnerable population that may experience significant financial toxicity when faced with infertility.
Upgrading on radical prostatectomy specimens of very low- and low-risk prostate cancer patients on active surveillance: A population-level analysis
Authors: Sayyid Rashid K. , Wilson Brandon , Benton John Z. , Lodh Atul , Thomas Eric F. , Goldberg Hanan , Madi Rabii , Terris Martha K. , Wallis Christopher J.D. , Klaassen Zachary 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: A proportion of prostate cancer (PCa) patients initially managed with active surveillance (AS) are upgraded to a higher Gleason score (GS) at the time of radical prostatectomy (RP). Our objective was to determine predictors of upgrading on RP specimens using a national database.
Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Prostate with Watchful Waiting database was used to identify AS patients diagnosed with very low- or low-risk PCa who underwent delayed RP between 2010 and 2015. The primary outcome was upgrading to GS 7 disease or worse. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate demographic and oncological predictors of upgrading on final specimen.
Results: A total of 3775 men underwent RP after a period of AS, 3541 (93.8%) of whom were cT2a; 792 (21.0%) patients were upgraded on RP specimen, with 85.4%, 10.6%, and 3.4% upgraded to GS 7(3+4), 7(4+3), and 8 diseases, respectively. On multivariable analysis, higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis (5–10 vs. 0–2 ng/ml, odd ratio [OR] 2.59, p<0.001) and percent core involvement (80–100% vs. 0–20%, OR 2.52, p=0.003) were significant predictors of upgrading on final RP specimen, whereas higher socioeconomic status predicted lower odds of upgrading (highest vs. lowest quartile OR 0.75, p=0.013).
Conclusions: Higher baseline PSA and percent positive cores involvement are associated with significantly increased risk of upgrading on RP after AS, whereas higher socioeconomic status predicts lower odds of such events. These results may help identify patients at increased risk of adverse pathology on final specimen who may benefit from earlier definitive treatment.
Da ambiência do aluno à prática docente: olhares sobre as tecnologias digitais em sala de aula
Authors: Cerutti Elisabete , Baldo Ana Paula 
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo objetiva conhecer o olhar do aluno e do professor em relação à ambiência tecnológica e verificar em que medida essa ação pedagógica auxilia na aprendizagem. O texto resulta de um estudo realizado junto ao Grupo de Pesquisa em Educação e Tecnologias, da Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões – URI – Câmpus de Frederico Westphalen, cuja metodologia é de natureza qualitativa, descritiva, tendo como instrumento a entrevista semi-estruturada. A partir do estudo teórico e da análise dos argumentos propostos por autores da comunidade científica, estruturamos as reflexões em quatro categorias que abordam o olhar que cada segmento possui acerca das tecnologias e o quanto elas ainda podem ser melhor aproveitadas no ambiente escolar, a conhecer: tecnologia na escola; tecnologia na sala de aula; metodologia de aprendizagem e as tecnologias digitais na escola. O texto versa sobre a relevância de refletir sobre o fazer pedagógico na premissa de que o professor pode valer-se da ambiência que o aluno possui em tecnologia na sua vida social e inseri-la no cotidiano do seu planejamento, propiciando maior interação e práticas pedagógicas mais participativas ao sujeito aluno. Constatamos a necessidade de formação continuada para que professor sinta-se mais preparado para inserir, em sua prática, artefatos tecnológicos, bem como, conhecer as linguagens e como os alunos acessam informações e podem construir conhecimento.