bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some algorithmic results for finding compatible spanning circuits in edge-colored graphs
Authors: Guo Zhiwei , Broersma Hajo , Li Ruonan , Zhang Shenggui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA compatible spanning circuit in a (not necessarily properly) edge-colored graph G is a closed trail containing all vertices of G in which any two consecutively traversed edges have distinct colors. Sufficient conditions for the existence of extremal compatible spanning circuits (i.e., compatible Hamilton cycles and Euler tours), and polynomial-time algorithms for finding compatible Euler tours have been considered in previous literature. More recently, sufficient conditions for the existence of more general compatible spanning circuits in specific edge-colored graphs have been established. In this paper, we consider the existence of (more general) compatible spanning circuits from an algorithmic perspective. We first show that determining whether an edge-colored connected graph contains a compatible spanning circuit is an NP-complete problem. Next, we describe two polynomial-time algorithms for finding compatible spanning circuits in edge-colored complete graphs. These results in some sense give partial support to a conjecture on the existence of compatible Hamilton cycles in edge-colored complete graphs due to Bollobás and Erdős from the 1970s.
Political borders impact associations between habitat suitability predictions and resource availability
Authors: Tschumi Matthias , Scherler Patrick , Fattebert Julien , Naef-Daenzer Beat , Grüebler Martin U. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Context
By linking species of conservation concern to their abiotic and biotic requirements, habitat suitability models (HSM) can assist targeted conservation measures. Yet, conservation measures may fail if HSM are unable to predict crucial resources. HSM are typically developed using remotely sensed land-cover classification data but not information on resources per se.

Objectives
While a certain land-cover class may correlate with crucial resources in the area of calibration, political boundaries can abruptly alter these associations. We investigate this potential discrepancy in a well-known study system highly relevant for farmland bird conservation.

Methods
We compared land cover, land-use intensity and resource availability between plots of highest habitat suitability for little owls (Athene noctua) among two neighbouring, but politically separated areas (i.e. south-western Germany vs. northern Switzerland).

Results
Land cover and land-use richness did not differ between German and Swiss plots. Yet there were marked differences in terms of land-use intensity and the availability of resources. Land-use intensity was significantly higher and resource availability lower in Swiss compared to German plots.

Conclusions
While accounting well for remotely sensed data such as land cover, HSM may fail to predict land-use intensity and resources across borders. The relationship between geodata used as proxies and ecologically relevant resources may differ according to history, policies and socio-cultural context, constraining the viability of HSM across political borders. This study emphasises the need for fine-scale resource assessments complementing landscape-scale suitability models. Conservation measures need to consider the availability of crucial resources and their socio-economic moderators to be effective.
Skew Gaussian processes for classification
Authors: Benavoli Alessio , Azzimonti Dario , Piga Dario 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGaussian processes (GPs) are distributions over functions, which provide a Bayesian nonparametric approach to regression and classification. In spite of their success, GPs have limited use in some applications, for example, in some cases a symmetric distribution with respect to its mean is an unreasonable model. This implies, for instance, that the mean and the median coincide, while the mean and median in an asymmetric (skewed) distribution can be different numbers. In this paper, we propose skew-Gaussian processes (SkewGPs) as a non-parametric prior over functions. A SkewGP extends the multivariateunified skew-normaldistribution over finite dimensional vectors to a stochastic processes. The SkewGP class of distributions includes GPs and, therefore, SkewGPs inherit all good properties of GPs and increase their flexibility by allowing asymmetry in the probabilistic model. By exploiting the fact that SkewGP and probit likelihood are conjugate model, we derive closed form expressions for the marginal likelihood and predictive distribution of this new nonparametric classifier. We verify empirically that the proposed SkewGP classifier provides a better performance than a GP classifier based on either Laplace’s method or expectation propagation.
Helping when the desire is low: Expectancy as a booster
Authors: Kossowska Małgorzata , Szumowska Ewa , Szwed Paulina , Czernatowicz-Kukuczka Aneta , Kruglanski Arie W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOne might assume that the desire to help (here described asWant) is the essential driver of helping declarations and/or behaviors. However, even if desire to help (Want) is low, intention to help may still occur if the expectancy regarding the perceived effectiveness of helping is high. We tested these predictions in a set of three experimental studies. In all three, we measured the desire to help (Want) and theExpectancythat the aid would be impactful for the victim; in addition, we manipulatedExpectancyin Study 3. In Studies 1 and 3, we measured the participants’ declaration to help while in Study 2, their helping behavior was examined. In all three studies, we used variations of the same story about a victim. The results supported our hypothesis. Thus, the studies help to tease apart the determinants of helping under conditions of lowered desire to do so, an issue of great importance in public policymaking.
Preformulation Studies of a Stable PTEN-PDZ Lipopeptide Able to Cross an In Vitro Blood-Brain-Barrier Model as a Potential Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lalatsa Aikaterini , Sun Yujiao , Gamboa Jose Ignacio , Knafo Shira 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Amyloid β (Aβ) drives the accumulation of excess Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome 10 (PTEN) at synapses, inducing synaptic depression and perturbing memory. This recruitment of PTEN to synapses in response to Aβ drives its interaction with PSD95/Disc large/Zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) proteins and, indeed, we previously showed that an oligo lipopeptide (PTEN-PDZ) capable of blocking such PTEN:PDZ interactions rescues the synaptic and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, the PTEN:PDZ interaction appears to be crucial for Aβ-induced synaptic and cognitive impairment. Here we have evaluated the feasibility of using PTEN-PDZ lipopeptides based on the human/mouse PTEN C-terminal sequence, testing their stability in biological fluids, their cytotoxicity, their ability to self-assemble and their in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Myristoyl or Lauryl tails were added to the peptides to enhance their cell permeability.

Methods
Lipopeptides self assembly was assessed using electron microscopy and the thioflavin T assay. Stability studies in mouse plasma (50%), intestinal washing, brain and liver homogenates as well as permeability studies across an all human 2D blood-brain barrier model prepared with human cerebral endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) and human astrocytes (SC-1800) were undertaken.

Results
The mouse lauryl peptide displayed enhanced overall stability in plasma, ensuring a longer half-life in circulation that meant there were larger amounts available for transport across the BBB (Papp0-4h: 6.28 ± 1.85 × 10−6 cm s−1).

Conclusion
This increased availability, coupled to adequate BBB permeability, makes this peptide a good candidate for therapeutic parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular) administration and nose-to-brain delivery.
Graphical Abstract
Between Bonds and Bridges: Evidence from a Survey on Trust in Groups
Authors: Braesemann Fabian , Stephany Fabian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn every social transaction there is an element of trust. The degree to which we trust others, called generalized trust, is assumed to benefit from interaction with different social groups. In the trust literature, it is opposed by particularized trust, which represents our mutual confidence in individuals close to us, for example, family members and friends. This study, based on a survey with 634 university students from Austria, questions the strict dichotomy between the two trust types. Our results advocate for a third, group determined type of trust. This additional trust dimension is measured by the number of groups individuals participate in. It changes fluently between particularized and generalized trust, depending on measures of group context, like frequency of interaction or group size. Our findings show that generalized trust increases with the number of groups one feels belonging to. People with less diverse social interaction, however, have more trust in their peers than in strangers.
Self-efficacy for instructional leadership: relations with perceived job demands and job resources, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and motivation to quit
Authors: Skaalvik Cecilie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore associations between school principals’ self-efficacy for instructional leadership, their perceptions of work-related demands and resources, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and motivation to leave the principal position (quit). Four hundred and forty-seven principals in elementary school and high school participated in a survey study. Data were analyzed by means of confirmatory factor analyses and SEM analyses. Self-efficacy for instructional leadership was negatively associated with the perception of all job demands and positively associated with the perception of all job resources in the study. In the SEM analysis, the associations between (a) self-efficacy and (b) emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and motivation to quit were indirect, mediated through the perception of job demands and job resources.
Provenance- and life-history stage-specific responses of the dwarf shrub Calluna vulgaris to elevated vapour pressure deficit
Authors: Ibe Karin , Walmsley David , Fichtner Andreas , Coners Heinz , Leuschner Christoph , Härdtle Werner 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClimate change may alter microscale-effective ecosystem properties such as atmospheric water vapour pressure, but consequences for plant growth are insufficiently understood. Within a northwest German heathland an open-top chamber experiment was established to analyse the effects of elevated vapour pressure deficit (eVPD) on growth responses of Calluna vulgaris considering both plant origin (Atlantic (AP), sub-Atlantic (SAP), sub-Continental (SCP)) and life-history stage (1-year vs. 10-year old plants). We hypothesised that the plants’ sensitivity to eVPD decreases (i) from AP to SCP and (ii) with progressing life-history stage. Elevated VPD caused a provenance-specific decrease of shoot increment whilst aboveground biomass productivity remained unaffected. AP and SAP responded with increasing belowground biomass δ13C signatures to eVPD, whereas δ13C values decreased for SCP. Moreover, eVPD increased and decreased belowground biomass δ13C signatures of 1- and 10-year old plants, respectively. These responses to eVPD were related to differences in morphological-chemical traits and the plants’ trait plasticity in response to eVPD. SCP showed the highest aboveground tissue mass density and significantly increased tissue C:N ratios under eVPD. One-year old plants had a tenfold higher shoot:root ratio than 10-year old plants, making young plants more sensitive to eVPD. Our findings demonstrate that the atmospheric water status affects the morphology and physiology of Calluna independent of the soil water status. The results have implications for the conservation of heathlands under climate change: (i) SCP may constitute an appropriate ecotype for assisted migration-approaches, and (ii) management needs to weigh different options for heathland rejuvenation.
A Hybrid Model-Based Adaptive Framework for the Analysis of Climate Change Impact on Reservoir Performance
Authors: Biglarbeigi P. , Strong W. A. , Finlay D. , McDermott R. , Griffiths P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClimate change and population growth have influenced social and physical water scarcity in many regions. Accordingly, the future performance of water storage reservoirs, as one of the fundamental elements in the water resource management, are anticipated to be affected by climate change. This study reports on a framework that can model Reliability-Resiliency-Vulnerability (RRV) measures of water reservoirs in the context of climate change. The framework first develops a hydrological model of a reservoir system using its historical data. The model is then optimised to minimise the water deficit and flooding around the catchment area of the reservoir. The resulting optimal policies are simulated back to the model considering the GCMs. Finally, RRV indices are calculated. RRV indices are effective measures for defining the performance of reservoir systems. Reliability is defined as the probability of the failure of the system, Resiliency is defined as the time needed for the system to go back to its satisfactory state once it entered the failure state, and Vulnerability is defined as the “magnitude of the failure” of a system. The proposed framework has been applied to a reservoir system located in the south-west of Iran on the Dez river. The results show climate change may increase the reliability and resiliency of the system under study while increasing its vulnerability. Therefore, the output of this framework can also provide supplementary information to authorities and decision-makers to inform future water management and planning policies.
3D printing filament as a second life of waste plastics—a review
Authors: Mikula Katarzyna , Skrzypczak Dawid , Izydorczyk Grzegorz , Warchoł Jolanta , Moustakas Konstantinos , Chojnacka Katarzyna , Witek-Krowiak Anna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn recent times, the issue of plastic recycling has become one of the leading issues of environmental protection and waste management. Polymer materials have been found an application in many areas of daily life and industry. Along with their extended use, the problem of plastic wastes appeared because, after withdrawal from use, they became persistent and noxious wastes. The possibility of reusing polymeric materials gives a possibility of valorization—a second life—and enables effective waste utilization to obtain consumable products. The 3D printing market is a well-growing sector. Printable filaments can be made from a variety of thermoplastic materials, including those from recycling. This paper focuses on a review of the available literature on the production of filaments for 3D printers from recycled polymers as the alternative to present approach of central selective collection of plastics. The possibility of recycling of basic thermoplastic materials and the impact of processing on their physicochemical and mechanical properties were verified (Lanzotti et al. 2019). In addition, commercially available filaments produced from recycled materials and devices which allow self-production of filaments to 3D printing from plastic waste were reviewed.
Evolutionary oligopoly games with cooperative and aggressive behaviors
Authors: Bischi Gian Italo , Lamantia Fabio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe propose an oligopoly model where players can choose between two kinds of behaviors, denoted as cooperative and aggressive, respectively. Each cooperative agent chooses the quantity to produce in order to maximize her own profit as well as the profits of other agents (at least partially), whereas an aggressive player decides the quantity to produce by maximizing his own profit while damaging (at least partially) competitors’ profits. At each discrete time, players face a binary choice to select the kind of behavior to adopt, according to a proportional imitation rule, expressed by a replicator equation based on a comparison between accumulated profits. This means that the behavioral decisions are driven by an evolutionary process where fitness is measured in terms of current profits as well as a weighted sum of past gains. The model proposed is expressed by a nonlinear two-dimensional iterated map, whose asymptotic behavior describes the long-run population distribution of cooperative and aggressive agents. We show under which conditions one of the following long-run behaviors prevails: (i) all players choose the same strategy; (ii) both behaviors coexist according to a mixed stationary equilibrium; and (iii) a self-sustained (i.e. endogenous) oscillatory (periodic or chaotic) time pattern occurs. The influence of memory and that of the levels of cooperative/aggressive attitudes on the dynamics are analyzed as well.
The role of dedicated biocontainment patient care units in preparing for COVID-19 and other infectious disease outbreaks
Authors: Flinn Jade B. , Hynes Noreen A. , Sauer Lauren M. , Maragakis Lisa L. , Garibaldi Brian T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn response to the Ebola outbreak of 2014–2016, the US Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) established 10 regional treatment centers, called biocontainment units (BCUs), to prepare and provide care for patients infected with high-consequence pathogens. Many of these BCUs were among the first units to activate for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient care. The activities of the Johns Hopkins BCU helped prepare the Johns Hopkins Health System for COVID-19 in the 3 domains of containment care: (1) preparedness planning, education and training, (2) patient care and unit operations, and (3) research and innovation. Here, we describe the role of the JH BCU in the Hopkins COVID-19 response to illustrate the value of BCUs in the current pandemic and their potential role in preparing healthcare facilities and health systems for future infectious disease threats.
Findings from an in-Depth Annual Tree-Ring Radiocarbon Intercomparison
Authors: Wacker L , Scott E M , Bayliss A , Brown D , Bard E , Bollhalder S , Friedrich M , Capano M , Cherkinsky A , Chivall D , Culleton B J , Dee M W , Friedrich R , Hodgins G W L , Hogg A , Kennett D J , Knowles T D J , Kuitems M , Lange T E , Miyake F , Nadeau M-J , Nakamura T , Naysmith J P , Olsen J , Omori T , Petchey F , Philippsen B , Bronk Ramsey C , Prasad G V Ravi , Seiler M , Southon J , Staff R , Tuna T 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe radiocarbon (14C) calibration curve so far contains annually resolved data only for a short period of time. With accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) matching the precision of decay counting, it is now possible to efficiently produce large datasets of annual resolution for calibration purposes using small amounts of wood. The radiocarbon intercomparison on single-year tree-ring samples presented here is the first to investigate specifically possible offsets between AMS laboratories at high precision. The results show that AMS laboratories are capable of measuring samples of Holocene age with an accuracy and precision that is comparable or even goes beyond what is possible with decay counting, even though they require a thousand times less wood. It also shows that not all AMS laboratories always produce results that are consistent with their stated uncertainties. The long-term benefits of studies of this kind are more accurate radiocarbon measurements with, in the future, better quantified uncertainties.
IntCal20 Tree Rings: An Archaeological Swot Analysis
Authors: Bayliss Alex , Marshall Peter , Dee Michael W , Friedrich Michael , Heaton Timothy J , Wacker Lukas 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTWe undertook a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of Northern Hemisphere tree-ring datasets included in IntCal20 in order to evaluate their strategic fit with the demands of archaeological users. Case studies on wiggle-matching single tree rings from timbers in historic buildings and Bayesian modeling of series of results on archaeological samples from Neolithic long barrows in central-southern England exemplify the archaeological implications that arise when using IntCal20. The SWOT analysis provides an opportunity to think strategically about future radiocarbon (14C) calibration so as to maximize the utility of 14C dating in archaeology and safeguard its reputation in the discipline.
The impact of sarcopenia and decrease in skeletal muscle mass in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer during FOLFIRINOX therapy
Authors: Uemura Shinya , Iwashita Takuji , Ichikawa Hironao , Iwasa Yuhei , Mita Naoki , Shiraki Makoto , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSarcopenia, defined as decrease in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and strength, might be associated with reduced survival. We investigated the impact of sarcopenia and decrease in SMM in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer during FOLFIRINOX (FX) therapy. Consecutive sixty-nine patients who received FX were evaluated. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) (cm2/m2) was used to evaluate SMM. The cut-off value of sarcopenia was defined as SMI <42 for males and <38 for females, based on the Asian Working Group for sarcopenia criteria. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in thirty-three (48 %) subjects. Comparison of baseline characteristics of the two groups (sarcopenia group: non-sarcopenia group) showed a significant difference in sex, tumour size and BMI. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events with grades 3–5 and progression-free survival (PFS) during FX between the two groups (PFS 8·1 and 8·8 months; P = 0·88). On the multivariate analysis, progressive disease at the first follow-up computed tomography (hazard ratio (HR) 3·87, 95 % CI 1·53, 9·67), decreased SMI ≥ 7·9 % in 2 months (HR 4·02, 95 % CI 1·87, 8·97) and carcinoembryonic antigen ≥ 4·6 (HR 2·52, 95 % CI 1·10, 6·11) were significant risk factors associated with poor overall survival (OS), but sarcopenia at diagnosis was not. OS in patients with decreased SMI of ≥7·9 % and <7·9 % were 10·9 and 21·0 months (P < 0·01), respectively. In conclusion, decrease in SMM within 2 months after the initiation of chemotherapy had significantly shorter OS, although sarcopenia at diagnosis did not affect OS. Therefore, it might be important to maintain SMM during chemotherapy for a better prognosis.