bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical modeling of diffusion of leaked soluble hazardous chemicals in the Daya Bay, China
Authors: Ge C , Chen M Y , Zhu Y Z , Zhang H Q , Xu P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Based on observation data and temperature diffusion experiment of soluble hazardous chemicals, propylene oxide was taken as a typical hazardous chemical to simulate diffusion after leakage in conditions of variable locations, source intensities, and tides in the Daya Bay by FVCOM model. The results show no unsafe concentration (0.02 mg/L) area after 24 hours for leakage of 100 tons occurring in channel and anchorage, and over 3 km2 unsafe area for the same amount of leakage occurring in port. There are more than 5 km2 and 10 km2 unsafe areas after 24 hours in all locations for 500 t and 1000 t leakage, respectively. Maximum diffusion distance and range increase with increasing diffusion space and current velocity, while the dilution effect becomes stronger, which results in maximum diffusion distance and range in channel, followed by anchorage and port, and reversed maximum concentration distribution. Current velocity acts more as a disincentive within 1 hour and an incentive for diffusion after 1 hour. Diffusion simulation of typical hazardous chemicals will provide technical supports to improve ability of handling environmental emergency in the Daya Bay.
Investigation in heavy metal contents of drinking water and fish from Darbandikhan and Dokan Lakes in Sulaimaniyah Province - Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Abdulla S M , Jamil D M , Aziz K H H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dokan and Darbendikhan lakes are the two major lakes in Iraqi Kurdistan feeding the population of Sulaimani province. To evaluate the suitability of water for aquatic life and drinking purposes, the heavy metal contents of drinking water and fishes from the lakes was investigated. The samples were collected from the reservoir (raw water), water after treatment (tank water) and water from residential areas (tap water) on monthly basis over a year. The results of copper, lead, cadmium and zinc analysis showed 6.2 – 56.9, 91.6 – 413.4, 4.0 – 35.6, 42.6 – 388.8 μg/L at Darbandikhan lake and 14.7 – 79.3, 83.5 – 265.9, 15.9 – 43.9, 1.8 – 112.9 μg/L at Dokan lake, respectively. Lead and Cadmium contents were exceeded the maximum permitted levels by WHO in all the water samples. Fish samples of ages 1-3 years from both lakes were also examined for copper, lead and cadmium. All the samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma. These findings suggest the drinking water is contaminated with heavy metals, and the fishes were also found with far higher lead and cadmium content than are permitted. The results obtained are alarming and need urgent action to mitigate environmental pollution.
Assessment of rain-flood availability in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River and its water-constrained response
Authors: Deng P X , Bing J P , Xu C J , Jia J W , Zhang M Y 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In order to analyze the potential of rain-flood resources, and to reveal its water-constrained response to further develop the assessment method of rain-flood availability, based on the conceptual model, this paper takes the upper reaches of Hanjiang River (UHRB) as a demonstration area to carry out the assessment of rain-flood availability. According to the constraint factors, analysis of water-constrained response has been conducted. It is found that the average annual rain-flood availability amount during the flood season in UHRB is 17.30 billion m3, and the rain-flood utilization potential is 5.37 billion m3, showing a decreasing trend since the 21st century. Rain-flood utilization is directly constrained by regulation ability and necessary water requirements such as production, living and ecological environment, and there is an obvious non-linear response relationship. Based on scenario assumptions, the iso-curve of rain-flood resources availability and utilization potential that meet the practical needs of water resources utilization could be drawn. The findings enrich the evaluation theory of rain-flood resources and provide technical support for improving the water resources utilization efficiency.
An Artificial intelligence approach for predicting compressive strength of eco-friendly concrete containing waste tire rubber
Authors: Dat L T M , Dmitrieva T L , Duong V N , Canh D T N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using waste tire rubber as a aggregate replacement in the production of concrete can be considered as an effective way for environment and economies. This study presents an approach based on a prediction model using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to predict compressive strength of eco-friendly concrete containing waste tire rubber (RC). A data set with nine influencing features including water, cement, supplementary cementitious materials, coarse aggregate, coarse rubber aggregate, fine aggregate, fine rubber aggregate, superplasticizer, age using for training and validating models have been collected from the literature. The output was compressive strength of RC. The combination of root mean square propagation and stochastic gradient descent with momentum method is employed to train the ANN. Using various validation criteria such as coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), the ANN model was validated and compared with two machine learning (ML) techniques Random Forest (RF) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). A Sensitivity analysis also was carried out to validate the robustness and stability of these models. The experimental results showed that the ANN model outperformed in comparing with other models and therefore it can be used as a suitable approach to predict compressive strength of eco-friendly rubber concrete.
Knowledge mapping of urban water resources management under changing environment
Authors: Wang S M , Jiang R G , Xie J C , Pan T , Liang J C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With climate change and inappropriate human behavior, the problem of urban water resources has become increasingly serious. The aim of this paper is to make insights into certain characteristics and landmark articles of urban water resources management (UWRM) and to analyze the future trends of this field. Bibliometric software is used to explore the spatial and temporal distribution, research hotspots, research frontiers and representative literature in the field. The number of publications in the field shown a steady growth trend for past 12 years. Among all the countries, Australia has published the largest quantity of articles than other countries, and Netherlands has the closest connection to others. The reference co-citation analysis was carried out to obtain the representative references. Based on keyword co-occurrence analysis, research hotspots mainly include system, climate change, impact, sustainability. Emerging keywords were obtained using keyword burst detection analysis, indicating that reducing environment footprint and sustainable rainwater management are the research frontiers in the last few years, and are expected to continue.
Using GLOBE as a simulation lab to prepare STEM ready pre-service environmental science teachers: a liberal arts university’s approach
Authors: Morewell G , Timothy G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To prepare Pre-service teachers to meet the demands of an increasingly technological society, a GLOBE (Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment) simulation lab was infused into one of the pre-service teachers’ science courses. This course was designed to support and engage pre-service teachers in understanding how to incorporate meaningful STEM activities into their own learning experiences, and how ultimately to infuse this learning experience into their future classrooms. Organized as a research project, the course emphasizes integrating inquiry-based teaching approaches to the learning environment for pre-service teachers to develop a holistic understanding of basic Earth Science concepts. The GLOBE simulation laboratory is equipped with computers, interfaced LabQuest probes and traditional laboratory equipment that enhance interactive learning and hands-on experiences. A major component of the course is the ability to develop activities into long-term research projects. Data for a 12-months period is highlighted in this paper. Results from an end of course survey indicated that pre-service teachers valued their experiences in the simulation lab and were more confident in their ability to incorporate Geoscience ideas into the learning environment.
Water quality evaluation used to function feasibility case study on Babon river in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudi R S , Wahyudi S I , Subagya P H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Semarang City, is Capital of Central Java Province Indonesia, has many watersheds which it’s still unknown about water quality, water class and function. The other hand, the people need to water resources for some utilization. Babon Watershed is one of them, and located at north slope of Ungaran Mount. The main river is about 33,76 km length. Base on its function, from upstream to downstream, Babon Watershed can be divided into 8 segments. Data collection of river water quality is done by taking samples on the representative location. The parameters analysed included physical parameters (TDS, TSS, temperature, DHL, brightness), inorganic chemical parameters (pH, BOD, COD, total P, NO2, NO3, N total, NH3, Cl, F, Sulphate, H2S, chlorine free, sulfur as H2S), organic chemical parameters (oil-fat, detergent as MBAS, phenol), and biological parameters (fecal coliform and total coliform). According to the analysis results obtained that in segment number I, II, III of Babon Watershed is recommended to function in class II, while segments number IV, V, VI, VII, VIII are recommended to function in class III.
Ammonia, oil and grease, and COD reduction of septage wastewater via electrocoagulation using black iron electrodes
Authors: Cruz K D , Villanueva B H A , Martos M K D , Asuncion A G , Esguerra M J S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Septage wastewater is one of the highly problematic wastewaters due to the large oil and grease content and a pungent odor due to high ammonia content. These contaminants pose an environmental threat especially when discharged to the bodies of water. Electrocoagulation (EC) has been reported in several papers as an effective method for various contaminants but no report has been found on septage wastewater being treated with EC. Thus, this study considered EC for the removal of ammonia, oil and grease, total suspended solids (TSS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The treatment made use of black iron electrode and pollutant removal was monitored through time. Maximum removal was obtained after 60 minutes of treatment wherein ammonia was reduced to 97.79%, TSS to 95.83%, oil and grease to 85.20%, and COD to 54.67%. As a preliminary study, these results were promising for septage wastewater treatment using electrocoagulation.
Pollution source localisation in a simple river branch
Authors: Sokáč M , Velísková Y 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Modern water quality monitoring system enables detailed observation of water quality parameters. Measured data of the pollution concentration time course can be consequently used for determination of the pollution source position. Paper deals with the solution of inverse problem, where the pollution source and its position is determined from the pollution concentration time courses obtained in the monitored watercourse profile located downstream. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the simple method for solution of pollution spreading inverse task and to analyse the accuracy of this method application. For this aim, a software tool was developed. Two different analytical solutions equation for this tool were used. For the method verification, data from a field tracer experiment were used. The experiment was performed on a lowland channel with extensive vegetation coverage. The test results show, that the proposed procedure is feasible, the numeric solution is reliable, stable and fast. Results of tests have also indicated the impact of used analytical solution equation and also the software tool ability to fit the specific conditions in the real streams.
Adsorption of Cu2+ and rhodamine B by zeolite obtained from electrolytic manganese residue
Authors: Li C X , Yu Y , Zhang Q W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The adsorption of Cu2+ and rhodamine B from aqueous solutions onto zeolite derived from electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) via a fusion method was investigated. The adsorption kinetic for Cu2+ and rhodamine B onto EMR-based zeolite (EMRZ) was explored and best determined by Pseudo-second-order kinetic model. And the adsorption capacity of Cu2+ and rhodamine B reach up to 66.86 and 18.96 mg·g−1 respectively.
Study on target zoning and value of annual runoff total control in Sanya sponge city
Authors: Chen Y Y , Hu F X , Wang K Q , Zhou S S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In order to repair the ecological environment of Sanya City, serve the construction of a sponge city in the location, and increase the core competitiveness of tourist cities, this paper, based on the compilation of the special plan for Sanya’s sponge city, uses the target decomposition three-level method to conduct target zoning research on the annual runoff total control rate. It analyzes the values and restrictions of the target decomposition of the sponge city construction area and zoning. The results show that, influenced by natural geographical and climatic conditions and urban construction, the annual runoff total control rate of construction in Sanya sponge city is 60%, and the corresponding design rainfall is 25.30mm. Decomposing the current situation and planning of construction land in the block, it can be concluded that the annual runoff control rate in Yuechuan area is 87%, which exceeds the total runoff control target set in the Guidelines. The runoff control rate in the Donghe area is 46.61% to 80%, and the runoff control rate in the Xihe area is the lowest at 46.78% to 56.86%. The research results are expected to provide the scientific basis for the construction of Sanya sponge city.
Precipitation and flood impact on rice paddies: Statistics in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Pratiwi E P A , Hartono A O , Wijdan H Z , Nurrochmad F , Setyawan C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rice, the staple food of most Indonesian people, is mostly produced on Java Island. Flood disasters can cause rice damage, especially during the wet season, when torrential rainfall occurs frequently. The current study investigated the risk of rice damage due to flood disasters. To analyze statistical property and behavior from the 23-years data in Central Java, parametric tests, and the equivalent nonparametric tests were performed. Two-sample t-test and two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) tests were used to identify precipitation threshold that leads to damaging flood. Pearson’s r and Spearman’s rho coefficients were then computed to measure the strength of association between precipitation and the area of rice paddies affected by flood disasters. The results indicated that there was a clear higher mean (p < 0.05) of the precipitation group causing damaging flood than the other group that did not cause damage. The critical precipitation was about 200 mm in a month. The flood-affected area was not a normal distribution, but the log-transformed data appeared a near-normal distribution. Finally, the correlation tests revealed that the log-transformed affected area is linearly and monotonically dependent on precipitation (Pearson’s r = 0.483, Spearman’s rho = 0.475, p < 0.05).
Willingness to pay for flood insurance: a case study in Phang Khon, Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand
Authors: Paopid S , Tang J , Leelawat N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Long droughts and floods can reduce agricultural productivity and negatively impact upon businesses in the agriculture and food industries. The prevention and response to floods require both public and private efforts (e.g., “Pay for Flood” insurance) for utmost effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential factors that influence the people of Phang Khon District, near the Nam Un Dam, in paying flood insurance. The regression results showed that the height and duration of flooding, house price, and flood damage, were all key factors that triggered the willingness to pay flood insurance. In contrast, having a house with stairs decreased the likelihood of paying insurance. Our research suggested that 12.69 -19.04 USD/month is a commonly accepted flood insurance premium in Thailand. These findings can guide governments and insurance providers and companies towards improving their flood insurance practices.
Application of remote sensing to estimate river sediment transport in the Calabrian basins (Italy)
Authors: Foti G , Barbaro G , Bombino G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Over recent decades, Soil Erosion by Water (WSE) has become a severe and extended issue affecting all European countries. The European Mediterranean countries are particularly prone to erosion because they are subject to prolonged dry periods followed by heavy erosive rains falling on steep slopes characterized by fragile soils. In particular, natural conditions and the human impact have made Calabria region, in southern Italy, particularly prone to intense WSE. The paper describes the methodology adopted to quantify solid transport in the Allaro river basin, located on the Ionian coast of Calabria. The methodology is divided into three phases, as follows: morphometric characterization of the river basin, identification of the available gauges and analysis of rainfall and temperature data and influence area of each gauge, and estimate of solid transport using the Gavrilovic model. This model is particularly valid for rivers such as the Calabrian ones where most of the solid transport is linked to the WSE. The methodology described in this paper is suitable to all basins with morphometric and hydrological characteristics like those Allaro and Calabrian basins. Furthermore, an improvement in the river transport estimate is important not only for the planning and management of the areas near the rivers but also for the coastal areas near the mouths.
Evaluation of topographic data sources for 2D flood modelling: case study of Kelani basin, Sri Lanka
Authors: Suja A C A , Rajapakse R L H L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Frequent flooding in Sri Lanka underscores the necessity of flood modelling as inundation extent and flood depth can easily be identified for implementing flood control measures. Accuracy of flood modelling is primarily influenced by topographic data sources and their resolution. Due to the lack of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data source in most regions of Sri Lanka, alternative topographic data sources need to be assessed. This paper investigates the accuracy of 2D flood model results in terms of flood depth and inundation extent developed based on open source topographic data sources, namely Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission (ASTER) with 30 and 90 m resolutions. This study was carried out at the downstream of Kelani river basin as it is prone to frequent flooding. The 1 m resolution LiDAR data were used as the reference data to assess the accuracy of aforesaid data sources, and were resampled to 30 and 90 m to investigate the effect of resolution with SRTM and ASTER data sources. The results show that reduction in the resolution of LiDAR data source does not significantly affect the model accuracy as even 90 m resolution LiDAR data source produced higher accurate results (flood depth, root mean square error of 0.95 m; inundation extent, F-statistic of 70.21%) than the 30 m resolution SRTM and ASTER data sources.
Targeted placement of soil erosion prevention works after wildfires
Authors: Zaimes G N , Kasapidis I , Gkiatas G , Pagonis G , Savvopoulou A , Iakovoglou V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Anthropogenic activities and climate change have accelerated soil erosion in the Mediterranean. In the region, erosion rates are further exacerbated due to frequent wildfires and flash floods. Soil bioengineering works and nature-based solutions need to be placed in targeted areas to provide the greatest erosion control in the burnt areas. The purpose of this study was to provide a targeted approach by utilizing spatial software along with field measurements to place optimally soil erosion prevention works. Specifically, the Gavrilovic soil erosion equation was implemented within the Geographical Information System (GIS) to estimate the areas of greatest erosion potential. The study area was Prinos Watershed of Thasos Island in Greece that was burnt in the summer of 2017. To run the soil erosion equation in GIS, different layers of data were collected or developed. Visual field measurements were taken to estimate the erosion potential factor. The results indicated the areas with the greatest soil erosion and allowed to pinpoint the location for the soil bioengineering works. The recommended works were wooden dams and log erosion barriers. This method could be used by the Greek Forest Service to promote the sustainable restoration of burnt areas.
Physical model experimental analysis of bidirectional shaft tubular pump device
Authors: Yuan Y , Zhang Y Q , Xu X D , Yang F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Based on the two-way cross flow pump station of Dingbo water conservancy project in Jiangyin City, the energy characteristics, cavitation characteristics and runaway characteristics of the model device of the two-way shaft cross flow pump are tested, and the performance test data of the two-way shaft cross flow pump device in the forward and reverse operation are obtained. The results show that the flow pattern of the two-way cross flow pump is stable without vortex and the operation of the pump is stable. When the blade angle is - 4 °, the physical model efficiency of the two-way Shaft Tubular pump is 70.95% under the condition of 3.05 m forward design head and 57.39% under the condition of 1.43 m reverse design head; the cavitation performance of the pump near the forward and reverse design heads is the best, and the critical necessary NPSH is less than 8 m. When the maximum positive net head is 2.99 m, the maximum runaway speed of the prototype pump is 1.50 times of the rated speed of the pump; when the maximum negative net head is 2.57 m, the maximum runaway speed of the prototype pump is 1.13 times of the rated speed of the pump; the smaller the blade angle, the higher the unit runaway speed.