bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FUS-dependent loading of SUV39H1 to OCT4 pseudogene-lncRNA programs a silencing complex with OCT4 promoter specificity
Authors: Scarola Michele , Comisso Elisa , Rosso Massimo , Del Sal Giannino , Schneider Claudio , Schoeftner Stefan , Benetti Roberta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe resurrection of pseudogenes during evolution produced lncRNAs with new biological function. Here we show that pseudogene-evolution created an Oct4 pseudogene lncRNA that is able to direct epigenetic silencing of the parental Oct4 gene via a 2-step, lncRNA dependent mechanism. The murine Oct4 pseudogene 4 (mOct4P4) lncRNA recruits the RNA binding protein FUS to allow the binding of the SUV39H1 HMTase to a defined mOct4P4 lncRNA sequence element. The mOct4P4-FUS-SUV39H1 silencing complex holds target site specificity for the parental Oct4 promoter and interference with individual components results in loss of Oct4 silencing. SUV39H1 and FUS do not bind parental Oct4 mRNA, confirming the acquisition of a new biological function by the mOct4P4 lncRNA. Importantly, all features of mOct4P4 function are recapitulated by the human hOCT4P3 pseudogene lncRNA, indicating evolutionary conservation. Our data highlight the biological relevance of rapidly evolving lncRNAs that infiltrate into central epigenetic regulatory circuits in vertebrate cells.
Genome-wide association study of self-reported walking pace suggests beneficial effects of brisk walking on health and survival
Authors: Timmins Iain R. , Zaccardi Francesco , Nelson Christopher P. , Franks Paul W. , Yates Thomas , Dudbridge Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWalking is a simple form of exercise, widely promoted for its health benefits. Self-reported walking pace has been associated with a range of cardiorespiratory and cancer outcomes, and is a strong predictor of mortality. Here we perform a genome-wide association study of self-reported walking pace in 450,967 European ancestry UK Biobank participants. We identify 70 independent associated loci (P < 5 × 10−8), 11 of which are novel. We estimate the SNP-based heritability as 13.2% (s.e. = 0.21%), reducing to 8.9% (s.e. = 0.17%) with adjustment for body mass index. Significant genetic correlations are observed with cardiometabolic, respiratory and psychiatric traits, educational attainment and all-cause mortality. Mendelian randomization analyses suggest a potential causal link of increasing walking pace with a lower cardiometabolic risk profile. Given its low heritability and simple measurement, these findings suggest that self-reported walking pace is a pragmatic target for interventions aiming for general benefits on health.
Excitons, trions and Rydberg states in monolayer MoS2 revealed by low-temperature photocurrent spectroscopy
Authors: Vaquero Daniel , Clericò Vito , Salvador-Sánchez Juan , Martín-Ramos Adrián , Díaz Elena , Domínguez-Adame Francisco , Meziani Yahya M. , Diez Enrique , Quereda Jorge 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExciton physics in two-dimensional semiconductors are typically studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy. However, this technique does not allow for direct observation of non-radiating excitonic transitions. Here, we use low-temperature photocurrent spectroscopy as an alternative technique to investigate excitonic transitions in a high-quality monolayer MoS2 phototransistor. The resulting spectra presents excitonic peaks with linewidths as low as 8 meV. We identify spectral features corresponding to the ground states of neutral excitons ($${\mathrm{X}}_{1{\mathrm{s}}}^{\mathrm{A}}$$

X

1
s

A

and $${\mathrm{X}}_{1{\mathrm{s}}}^{\mathrm{B}}$$

X

1
s

B

) and charged trions (TA and TB) as well as up to eight additional spectral lines at energies above the $${\mathrm{X}}_{1{\mathrm{s}}}^{\mathrm{B}}$$

X

1
s

B

transition, which we attribute to the Rydberg series of excited states of XA and XB. The intensities of the spectral features can be tuned by the gate and drain-source voltages. Using an effective-mass theory for excitons in two-dimensional systems we are able to accurately fit the measured spectral lines and unambiguously associate them with their corresponding Rydberg states.
Beating absorption in solid-state high harmonics
Authors: Liu Hanzhe , Vampa Giulio , Zhang Jingyuan Linda , Shi Yu , Buddhiraju Siddharth , Fan Shanhui , Vuckovic Jelena , Bucksbaum Philip H. , Reis David A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince the new millennium coherent extreme ultra-violet and soft x-ray radiation has revolutionized the understanding of dynamical physical, chemical and biological systems at the electron’s natural timescale. Unfortunately, coherent laser-based upconversion of infrared photons to vacuum-ultraviolet and soft x-ray high-order harmonics in gaseous, liquid and solid targets is notoriously inefficient. In dense nonlinear media, the limiting factor is strong re-absorption of the generated high-energy photons. Here we overcome this limitation by generating high-order harmonics from a periodic array of thin one-dimensional crystalline silicon ridge waveguides. Adding vacuum gaps between the ridges avoids the high absorption loss of the bulk and results in a ~ 100-fold increase of the extraction depth. As the grating period is varied, each high harmonic shows a different and marked modulation, indicating their waveguiding in the vacuum slots with reduced absorption. Looking ahead, our results enable bright on-chip coherent short-wavelength sources and may extend the usable spectral range of traditional nonlinear crystals to their absorption windows. Potential applications include on-chip chemically-sensitive spectro-nanoscopy.
Variability in historical emissions trends suggests a need for a wide range of global scenarios and regional analyses
Authors: Pedersen Jiesper Strandsbjerg Tristan , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Aparício Bruno A. , Swart Rob , Gupta Joyeeta , Santos Filipe Duarte 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLong-term developments in carbon dioxide emissions have tracked the middle of projected emission scenario ranges over the past three decades. If this tendency continues, it seems increasingly less likely that future emissions will follow current high-emission scenarios. However, in the past, periods of slow and fast global emissions growth was observed, which have led to previous critiques of scenarios being too low or too high. In the light of such unpredictability and since scenarios are meant to explore plausible futures, we here argue that a broad range of emission scenarios continue to be considered input in scenario-based analyses of future climate change. Furthermore, we find substantial regional differences in emissions trends. Territorial emissions in OECD countries fall on the low side of emission scenario ranges, whereas non-OECD territorial emissions fell closer to the medium or high-end. Since non-OECD emissions will become increasingly important, we recommend further exploring the relationships between regional and global emissions to support scenario assumptions and climate policymaking.
Ginkgoblatt oder Pfifferling – Sonomorphologie von
Morton-Neuromen
Authors: Gardill Klaus 
Published: October 2020

HintergrundBei der Morton-Metatarsalgie handelt es sich um ein chronisches Kompressionssyndrom
der distalen Nn. digitales plantares des N. tibialis zwischen den Köpfchen
der Mittelfuβknochen. Betroffen sind am häufigsten die
Nervenäste zwischen den Ossa metatarsalia III und IV, weniger häufig
II und III, noch seltener in den übrigen Zwischenräumen. Das
pathologische Korrelat dieser Störung sind die sog. Morton-Neurome als
gutartige Verdickungen der kleinen Nerven in diesem Bereich. Sinnvolle
elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen zur Diagnostik der daraus resultierenden
Morton-Metatarsalgie existieren nicht, sodass den bildgebenden Verfahren eine
besondere Bedeutung zukommt, neben der Kernspintomografie besonders die
Nervensonografie, die mit relativ geringem Aufwand kostengünstig auch in
einer neurologischen Praxis oder einer Funktionsabteilung durchgeführt
werden kann. Die Sensitivität von Nervensonografie und Kernspintomografie
scheint etwa gleich hoch zu sein, möglicherweise ist die Nervensonografie
sogar in der Spezifität überlegen 1
5.
A Snapshot of Pediatric Patients with COVID-19 in a Pandemic Hospital
Authors: Duramaz Burcu Bursal , Turel Ozden , Korkmaz Cigdem , Karadogan Muhammed Talha , Yozgat Can Yilmaz , Iscan Akin , Sümbül Bilge , Erenberk Ufuk 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aim Reports describing coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in children are fewer than adult studies due to milder clinical picture. We aimed to share our experience at a single center with an emphasis on collective decision making.
Materials and Methods A suspected case was defined as the presence of symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 and/or positive contact history. SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive patients were defined as confirmed COVID-19. Between March 12, 2020, and May 15, 2020, all children presenting with fever, cough, or respiratory difficulty were investigated for COVID-19. A total of 719 children were examined at outpatient clinics, and 495 were tested with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for suspicion of COVID-19. A team was organized for monitoring and treating patients either as outpatients or hospitalization. Patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, travel history, epidemiological history, clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory and radiological findings, treatment, and outcome.
Results Sixty patients were hospitalized for suspicion of COVID-19. Forty-three patients were diagnosed as probable or confirmed COVID-19. 21 of 43 patients (48.8%) were PCR confirmed. The remaining 22 were diagnosed by epidemiologic history, clinical assessment, and computerized thorax tomography (CT) findings. The median age was 126 and 78.5 months in PCR positives and PCR negatives, respectively and the youngest patient was a 28 days old baby. Nineteen of the patients had an upper respiratory infection (44.1%). Although five patients had no clinical signs, chest X-ray, or CT revealed pneumonia.
Conclusions As previously reported, the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in children are mostly mild. Even very young kids can become infected following exposure to sick family members. International and local guidelines are valuable for decision making since it is a new disease. A combination of chest disease, infectious diseases, and emergency care physicians approach will aid the appropriate management of cases.
Achiote (Bixa orellana) Lipophilic Extract, Bixin, and δ-tocotrienol Effects on Lifespan and Stress Resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Gómez-Linton Darío R. , Alavez Silvestre , Navarro-Ocaña Arturo , Román-Guerrero Angélica , Pinzón-López Luis , Pérez-Flores Laura J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe onset of many degenerative diseases related to aging has been associated with a decrease in the activity of antistress systems, and pharmacological interventions increasing stress resistance could be effective to prevent the development of such diseases. Achiote is a valuable source of carotenoid and tocotrienols, which have antioxidant activity. In this work, we explore the capacity of an achiote seed extract and its main compounds to modulate the lifespan and antistress responses on Caenorhabditis elegans, as well as the mechanisms involved in these effects. Achiote lipophilic extract, bixin, and δ-tocotrienol were applied on nematodes to carry out lifespan, stress resistance, and fertility assays. The achiote seed extract increased the median and maximum lifespan up to 35% and 27% and increased resistance against oxidative and thermal stresses without adverse effects on fertility. The beneficial effects were mimicked by a bixin+δ-tocotrienol mixture. All the effects on lifespan and stress resistance were independent of caloric restriction but dependent on the insulin/insulin growth factor-1 pathway. This study could provide insights for further research on a new beneficial use of this important crop in health and nutraceutical applications beyond its use as a source of natural pigments.
Remdesivir: Critical Clinical Appraisal for COVID 19 Treatment
Authors: Chatterjee Saptarshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRemdesivir is presently been considered as ‘molecule of hope’ to curb the menace of COVID19. Non-availability of any USFDA approved drug has led to several attempt of drug-repurposing and development of new therapeutic molecules. However, Remdesivir has been found to be effective against a broad range of virus including SARS, MERS and COVID 19 through in-vitro studies. Several clinical research attempt are presently being conducted showing promising result yet not conclusive. This review summarized all such clinical trials to critically appraise the usage of Remdesivir against COVID 19 along with the publications related to the results of the clinical studies. The present regulatory aspect i. e. Emergency Use Authorization (EYA) and information of molecule and plausible mechanism is also dealt.
Robotic-Assisted Patellofemoral Replacement—Correlation of Preoperative Planning with Intraoperative Implant Position and Early Clinical Experience: A Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Selvaratnam Veenesh , Cattell Andrew , Eyres Keith S. , Toms Andrew D. , Phillips Jonathan R.P. , Mandalia Vipul I. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPatello-femoral arthroplasty (PFA) is successful in a selected group of patients and yields a good functional outcome. Robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty has been shown to provide better implant positioning and alignment. We aim to report our early outcomes and to compare Mako's (Robotic Arm Interactive Orthopaedic System [RIO]) preoperative implant planning position to our intraoperative PFA implant position. Data for this study was prospectively collected for 23 (two bilateral) patients who underwent robotic-assisted PFA between April 2017 and May 2018. All preoperative implant position planning and postoperative actual implant position were recorded. Presence of trochlear dysplasia and functional outcome scores were also collected. There were 17 (two bilateral) female and 6 male patients with a mean age of 66.5 (range: 41–89) years. The mean follow-up period was 30 (range: 24–37) months. Eighteen knees (72%) had evidence of trochlear dysplasia. The anterior trochlear line was on average, 7.71 (range: 3.3–11.3) degrees, internally rotated to the surgical transepicondylar axis and on average 2.9 (range: 0.2–6.5) degrees internally rotated to the posterior condylar line. The preoperative planning range was 4-degree internal to 4-degree external rotation, 4-degree varus to 6-degree valgus, and 7-degree flexion to 3-degree extension. The average difference between preoperative planning and intraoperative implant position was 0.43 degrees for rotation (r = 0.93), 0.99 degrees for varus/valgus (r = 0.29), 1.26 degrees for flexion/extension (r = 0.83), and 0.34 mm for proudness (r = 0.80). Six patients (24%) had a different size component from their preoperative plan (r = 0.98). The mean preoperative Oxford Knee Score (OKS) was 16 and the mean postoperative OKS was 42. No patient had implant-related revision surgery or any radiological evidence of implant loosening at final follow-up. Our early results of robotic PFA are promising. Preoperative Mako planning correlates closely with intraoperative implant positioning. Longer follow-up is needed to assess long-term patient outcomes and implant survivorship.
Immunoinflammatory, Thrombohaemostatic, and Cardiovascular Mechanisms in COVID-19
Authors: Gencer Selin , Lacy Michael , Atzler Dorothee , van der Vorst Emiel P. C. , Döring Yvonne , Weber Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has deranged the recent history of humankind, afflicting more than 27 million individuals to date. While the majority of COVID-19 patients recuperate, a considerable number of patients develop severe complications. Bilateral pneumonia constitutes the hallmark of severe COVID-19 disease but an involvement of other organ systems, namely the cardiovascular system, kidneys, liver, and central nervous system, occurs in at least half of the fatal COVID-19 cases. Besides respiratory failure requiring ventilation, patients with severe COVID-19 often display manifestations of systemic inflammation and thrombosis as well as diffuse microvascular injury observed postmortem. In this review, we survey the mechanisms that may explain how viral entry and activation of endothelial cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can give rise to a series of events including systemic inflammation, thrombosis, and microvascular dysfunction. This pathophysiological scenario may be particularly harmful in patients with overt cardiovascular disease and may drive the fatal aspects of COVID-19. We further shed light on the role of the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system and its inhibitors in the context of COVID-19 and discuss the potential impact of antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment options. Acknowledging the comorbidities and potential organ injuries throughout the course of severe COVID-19 is crucial in the clinical management of patients affecting treatment approaches and recovery rate.
Voluntary restrictions on self-reliance increase cooperation and mitigate wealth inequality
Authors: Gross Jörg , Böhm Robert 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceAmid climate change and pandemics, humans increasingly face shared problems that require cooperation. However, cooperation is plagued with the free-rider problem and can fail. Self-reliance—the ability to solve shared problems individually—remedies the problem of cooperation but forgoes benefits of collective action and can lead to a divide between those that can afford to be self-reliant and those that cannot. Using an experimental paradigm, we show that groups endogenously increase social interdependence by voluntarily restricting self-reliance when faced with a shared problem, fostering both cooperation and wealth equality. This demonstrates how groups self-select institutions that increase their ability to cooperate. However, our results also point to factors that decrease this willingness to curtail freedom of choice.
Deliberating over legislative ends
Authors: Ihnen Jory Constanza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper outlines a non-exhaustive inventory of presumptive argument schemes that can be used by legislators to rationally argue for and against the legitimacy of legislative ends. The inventory has both a descriptive and normative dimension. The inventory is descriptive because it is partly based on the empirical observation of arguments actually used by legislators in a sample of lawmaking debates. However, the inventory is also normative because – as I shall argue in this paper – the schemes identified in the sample are presumptive arguments schemes. They are therefore schemes with a claim to rationality, provided that certain conditions are met. The schemes included in the inventory are: the scheme of instrumental argumentation, the scheme from unintended consequences, the scheme from values, the schemes from model and antimodel, and the schemes from social demand.
Plains Cree animacy–inanimacy hierarchy
Authors: van Eijk Jan , Collette Vincent 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLike all Algonquian languages, Cree distributes its stock of nouns over two classes: animate and inanimate. While this distinction is firmly based on different agreement rules, and is to a large extent (but not completely) backed up by semantic differences, Cree nouns can also be put on a 4-level hierarchy scale, depending on their morphological valence with regard to whether or not they allow markers for the plural, obviative, vocative/honorific, absentative or which one of the two types of locatives. In addition, in a few recorded cases an inanimate noun may be reclassified, or “promoted”, as an animate noun, but rarely vice versa. Although this paper concentrates on Plains Cree, and examples are from that dialect unless otherwise noted, some observations are also made on (in)animacy in East Cree and in a wider Algonquian context.
Understanding complex dynamics of interfacial reconstruction in polyampholyte hydrogels undergoing mechano-chemo-electrotaxis coupling
Authors: Xing Ziyu , Lu Haibao , Sun Ansu , Fu Yong Qing , Shahzad Muhammad Wakil , Xu Ben Bin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Polyampholyte (PA) hydrogels have attracted significant attention for their superior mechanical strength and toughness compared with other conventional hydrogels. In this study, we present a novel thermodynamic approach to understanding the mechano-chemo-electrotaxis coupling and interfacial dynamics in PA hydrogels. Flory–Huggins theory, carried out through an interfacial free-energy model, is the foundation for the quantitative study of the mechanically constitutive relationship of the PA gels. The proposed free-energy model is further extended to describe the mechano-chemo-electrotaxis switching and interfacial dynamics by co-relating the Williams–Landel–Ferry equation and scaling laws. It was concluded that the interfacial bonding strength is the key factor influencing the mechanical strength and reconstruction reversibility of the PA macromolecular gel system. The resulting analytical outcomes showed good agreement with the reported experimental data. We opine that the proposed model will guide the future application of PA hydrogels.
Electrochromic evaluation of airbrushed water-dispersible W18O49 nanorods obtained by microwave-assisted synthesis
Authors: Scarfiello Riccardo , Prontera Carmela Tania , Pugliese Marco , Bianco Giuseppe Valerio , Bruno Giovanni , Nobile Concetta , Carallo Sonia , Fiore Angela , Sibillano Teresa , Giannini Cinzia , Giannuzzi Roberto , Carbone Luigi , Gigli Giuseppe , Maiorano Vincenzo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Motivated by the technological relevance of tungsten oxide nanostructures as valuable materials for energy saving technology, electrochemical and electrochromic characteristics of greener processed nanostructured W18O49-based electrodes are discussed in this work. For the purpose, microwave-assisted water-dispersible W18O49 nanorods have been synthesized and processed into nanostructured electrodes. An airbrushing technique has been adopted as a cost-effective large-area scalable methodology to deposit the W18O49 nanorods onto conductive glass. This approach preserves the morphological and crystallographic habit of native nanorods and allows highly homogeneous transparent coating where good electronic coupling between nanowires is ensured by a mild thermal treatment (250 °C, 30 min). Morphological and structural characteristics of active material were investigated from the synthesis to the nanocrystal deposition process by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The as-obtained nanostructured film exhibited good reversible electrochemical features through several intercalation–deintercalation cycles. The electrochromic properties were evaluated on the basis of spectro-electrochemical measurements and showed significant optical contrast in the near-infrared region and high coloration efficiency at 550 nm.