bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can a simple, short-term memory task help to screen dyslexia?
Authors: Perham Nick , Howell Toni , Watt Andy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFunding to support students with dyslexia in post-compulsory education is under pressure and more efficient assessments may offset some of this shortfall. We tested potential tasks for screening dyslexia: recall of adjective-noun, compared to noun-adjective, pairings (syntax) and recall of high versus low frequency letter pairings (bigrams). Students who reported themselves as dyslexic failed to show a normal syntax effect (greater recall of adjective-noun compared to noun-adjective pairings) and no significant difference in recall between the two types of bigrams whereas students who were not dyslexic showed the syntax effect and a bias towards recalling high frequency bigrams. Findings are consistent with recent explanations of dyslexia suggesting that those affected find it difficult to learn and utilise sequential long-term order information (Szmalec et al. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 37(5) ,1270-1279, 2011). Further, ROC curve analyses revealed both tasks showed acceptable diagnostic properties as they were able to discriminate between the two groups of participants.
Diagnostic Aspects of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis: Present and New Directions
Authors: Wilopo Bayu A. P. , Richardson Malcolm D. , Denning David W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurpose of ReviewDiagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is important since many diseases have a similar appearance, but require different treatment. This review presents the well-established diagnostic criteria and new laboratory diagnostic approaches that have been evaluated for the diagnosis of this condition.Recent FindingsRespiratory fungal culture is insensitive for CPA diagnosis. There are many new tests available, especially new platforms to detectAspergillusIgG. The most recent innovation is a lateral flow device, a point-of-care test that can be used in resource-constrained settings. Chest radiographs without cavitation or pleural thickening have a 100% negative predictive value for chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis in the African setting.SummaryEarly diagnosis of CPA is important to avoid inappropriate treatment. It is our contention that these new diagnostics will transform the diagnosis of CPA and reduce the number of undiagnosed cases or cases with a late diagnosis.
Cloud detection methodologies: variants and development—a review
Authors: Mahajan Seema , Fataniya Bhavin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCloud detection is an essential and important process in satellite remote sensing. Researchers proposed various methods for cloud detection. This paper reviews recent literature (2004–2018) on cloud detection. Literature reported various techniques to detect the cloud using remote-sensing satellite imagery. Researchers explored various forms of Cloud detection like Cloud/No cloud, Snow/Cloud, and Thin Cloud/Thick Cloud using various approaches of machine learning and classical algorithms. Machine learning methods learn from training data and classical algorithm approaches are implemented using a threshold of different image parameters. Threshold-based methods have poor universality as the values change as per the location. Validation on ground-based estimates is not included in many models. The hybrid approach using machine learning, physical parameter retrieval, and ground-based validation is recommended for model improvement.
A Self-Powered Nanogenerator for the Electrical Protection of Integrated Circuits from Trace Amounts of Liquid
Authors: Hui Zhuang , Xiao Ming , Shen Daozhi , Feng Jiayun , Peng Peng , Liu Yangai , Duley Walter W. , Zhou Y. Norman 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
With the increase in the use of electronic devices in many different environments, a need has arisen for an easily implemented method for the rapid, sensitive detection of liquids in the vicinity of electronic components. In this work, a high-performance power generator that combines carbon nanoparticles and TiO2 nanowires has been fabricated by sequential electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of a single generator are found to exceed 0.7 V and 100 μA when 6 μL of water was applied. The generator is also found to have a stable and reproducible response to other liquids. An output voltage of 0.3 V was obtained after 244, 876, 931, and 184 μs, on exposure of the generator to 6 μL of water, ethanol, acetone, and methanol, respectively. The fast response time and high sensitivity to liquids show that the device has great potential for the detection of small quantities of liquid. In addition, the simple easily implemented sequential EPD method ensures the high mechanical strength of the device. This compact, reliable device provides a new method for the sensitive, rapid detection of extraneous liquids before they can impact the performance of electronic circuits, particularly those on printed circuit board.
Autonomy is equally important across East and West: Testing the cross‐cultural universality of self‐determination theory
Authors: Nalipay Ma Jenina N. , King Ronnel B. , Cai Yuyang 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionSelf‐determination theory (SDT) posits the importance of three basic psychological needs (i.e., relatedness, autonomy, and competence) in promoting achievement. However, some cross‐cultural researchers have cast doubt on the generalizability of the theory to non‐Western cultures. The primary aim of the study was to test whether provision of support for relatedness, autonomy, and competence would be associated with achievement across both Western and Eastern cultures.MethodWe drew on a subsample of students from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) (n = 92,325 students from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, UK, and USA (Western societies); and Hong Kong SAR, Japan, Macau SAR, Shanghai, South Korea, and Taipei (Eastern societies); 46,006 were females and 46,319 were males, with a mean age of 15.77 (SD = 0.29) years). We used multi‐group confirmatory factor analysis (MG‐CFA) and multi‐group structural equation modeling (MG‐SEM) to analyze the data.ResultsProvision of the three basic needs correlated positively with achievement across cultures, providing broad support for the cross‐cultural universality of SDT. MG‐SEM indicated that relatedness and autonomy support were equally important for student achievement in both Western and Eastern cultures, whereas competence support was found to be more important to students in the West than in the East.ConclusionFindings support the cross‐cultural relevance of SDT while at the same time highlighting important cultural variations such as greater importance of competence support in the West, suggesting the need to be cognizant of both cross‐cultural universality and variability in motivational theorizing.
Links Between the Coral δ13C Record of Primary Productivity Variations in the Northern South China Sea and the East Asian Winter Monsoon
Authors: Han Tao , Yu Kefu , Yan Hongqiang , Deng Wenfeng , Liu Yi , Xu Shendong , Tao Shichen , Zhang Huiling , Wang Shaopeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe decadal variability of ocean primary productivity (PP) has mainly been studied using relatively short term satellite data, limiting its in‐depth analysis. Here, by removing the influence of the 13C Suess effect, we extract the PP signal on decadal timescales using a record of coral δ13C values from the northern South China Sea (NSCS), where the physical‐biogeochemical conditions are influenced largely by the winter monsoon. Our results show that the PP in the NSCS increased from 1851 to the 1920s and decreased from the 1920s to 2007, and large superimposed decadal‐scale changes were observed. The in‐phase relationship observed between the PP reconstruction and winter monsoon records suggests that the changes in the PP in the NSCS are linked to decadal‐scale changes in the winter monsoon. Considering that the winter monsoon intensity may weaken in the future under global warming, the PP in the NSCS might decrease in the coming decades.
Anthropogenic Control Over Wintertime Oxidation of Atmospheric Pollutants
Authors: Haskins J.D. , Lopez‐Hilfiker F. D. , Lee B. H. , Shah V. , Wolfe G. M. , DiGangi J. , Fibiger D. , McDuffie E. E. , Veres P. , Schroder J. C. , Campuzano‐Jost P. , Day D. A. , Jimenez J. L. , Weinheimer A. , Sparks T. , Cohen R. C. , Campos T. , Sullivan A. , Guo H. , Weber R. , Dibb J. , Green J. , Fiddler M. , Bililign S. , Jaeglé L. , Brown S. S. , Thornton J. A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDuring winter in the midlatitudes, photochemical oxidation is significantly slower than in summer and the main radical oxidants driving formation of secondary pollutants, such as fine particulate matter and ozone, remain uncertain, owing to a lack of observations in this season. Using airborne observations, we quantify the contribution of various oxidants on a regional basis during winter, enabling improved chemical descriptions of wintertime air pollution transformations. We show that 25–60% of NOx is converted to N2O5 via multiphase reactions between gas‐phase nitrogen oxide reservoirs and aerosol particles, with ~93% reacting in the marine boundary layer to form >2.5 ppbv ClNO2. This results in >70% of the oxidizing capacity of polluted air during winter being controlled by multiphase reactions and emissions of volatile organic compounds, such as HCHO, rather than reaction with OH. These findings highlight the control local anthropogenic emissions have on the oxidizing capacity of the polluted wintertime atmosphere.
Unusual Anomaly Pattern of the 2015/2016 Extreme El Niño Induced by the 2014 Warm Condition
Authors: Zhong Wenxiu , Cai Wenju , Zheng Xiao‐Tong , Yang Song 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe warm center of the 2015/2016 extreme El Niño was located further to the west compared to previous extreme events, causing vastly different social‐economic impacts. Though many studies investigated ocean‐atmosphere couplings responsible for its large magnitude, the dynamics that govern the unique structure of the event remain elusive. Here we show that a local ocean‐atmosphere feedback among convection‐induced surface winds, oceanic upwelling and sea surface temperature in the far‐eastern Pacific, resulted in a boreal summer cooling tendency along the South American coast. It canceled warming in the far‐eastern equatorial Pacific that would otherwise develop, leading to the distinctive anomaly pattern of the 2015/2016 El Niño. These processes were initially triggered by the leftover anomalous warm sea surface temperature and positive moist static energy over the northeastern tropical Pacific in the following boreal spring of the 2014 warm event.
Compact Operational Tropospheric Water Vapor and Temperature Raman Lidar with Turbulence Resolution
Authors: Lange D. , Behrendt A. , Wulfmeyer V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present the new Atmospheric Raman Temperature and Humidity Sounder (ARTHUS). We demonstrate that ARTHUS measurements resolve (1) the strength of the inversion layer at the planetary boundary layer top, (2) elevated lids in the free troposphere during daytime and nighttime, and (3) turbulent fluctuations in water vapor and temperature, simultaneously, also during daytime. Very stable and reliable performance was demonstrably achieved during more than 2,500 hr of operations time experiencing a huge variety of weather conditions. ARTHUS provides temperature profiles with resolutions of 10–60 s and 7.5–100 m vertically in the lower free troposphere. During daytime, the statistical uncertainty of the water vapor mixing ratio is <2 % in the lower troposphere for resolutions of 5 min and 100 m. Temperature statistical uncertainty is <0.5 K even up to the middle troposphere. ARTHUS fulfills the stringent WMO breakthrough requirements on nowcasting and very short range forecasting.
Crustal Scale Imaging of the Arabia‐Central Iran Collision Boundary Across the Zagros Suture Zone, West of Iran
Authors: Dashti F. , Lucente F. P. , Motaghi K. , Bianchi I. , Najafi M. , Govoni A. , Shabanian E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe calculate seismic velocity structure of the north Zagros suture zone, west Iran, to resolve the crustal features at the boundary of Arabian‐Central Iranian collision. We compute teleseismic receiver functions (RFs) for 46 stations along a transect crossing the suture. Through harmonic analysis and inversion of the RF data, we obtain information on the characteristics of the suture zone at depth. The RFs and their harmonics show a low angle NE dipping boundary between the overriding layer and a midcrustal low velocity zone, which corresponds to the suture zone. The overriding high velocity feature (Vs ~ 3.8 km/s) is interpreted as an intermediate depth crustal complex exhumed close to the surface through imbricate thrust faulting and enhanced by crustal buoyancy due to continental underthrusting. Significant anisotropy is found above and below the suture zone: We interpret it in terms of slow‐symmetry‐axis anisotropy and derive clues on the ongoing deformation processes.
Role of Local Air‐Sea Interaction in Fire Activity Over Equatorial Asia
Authors: Kim Jin‐Soo , Jeong Su‐Jong , Kug Jong‐Seong , Williams Mathew 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFire activity in Equatorial Asia shows large interannual variability. Teleconnections by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole are linked to drought and fire events; however, we found here that significant role of local Sea Surface Temperature (SST) over the Banda Sea in interannual variability of Equatorial Asian burned area in October even after removing the linear effects of teleconnections. October is the transient period from dry to wet season and strengthened seasonal circulation in October leads to a negative SST anomaly through Wind‐Evaporation‐SST mechanism. This anomalous local air‐sea interaction sustains the dry season into October and stronger fire activity. Moreover, we found that the sensitivity of precipitation to SST is higher in October than in other months, hence fires in Equatorial Asia can be sensitively driven by local SST changes. Identification of this sensitivity will underpin better predictions of fire activity and air quality in Equatorial Asia.
Four‐Dimensional Quantification of Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instabilities in the Polar Summer Mesosphere Using Volumetric Radar Imaging
Authors: Chau J. L. , Urco J. M. , Avsarkisov V. , Vierinen J. P. , Latteck R. , Hall C. M. , Tsutsumi M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present and characterize in time and three spatial dimensions a Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability (KHI) event from polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) observed with the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System. We use a newly developed radar imaging mode, which observed PMSE intensity and line of sight velocity with high temporal and angular resolution. The identified KHI event occurs in a narrow layer of 2.4 km thickness centered at 85 km altitude, is elongated along north‐south direction, presents separation between billows of
8 km in the east‐west direction, and its billow width is
3 km. The accompanying vertical gradients of the horizontal wind are between 35 and 45 m/s/km and vertical velocities inside the billows are
12 m/s. Based on the estimated Richardson (
0.25), horizontal Froude (
0.8), and buoyancy Reynolds (
2.5
10
) numbers, the observed event is a KHI that occurs under weak stratification and generates strong turbulence.
Multivariate Climate Field Reconstructions Using Tree Rings for the Northeastern United States
Authors: Pearl Jessie K. , Anchukaitis Kevin J. , Pederson Neil , Donnelly Jeffrey P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHigh‐resolution paleoclimate records are essential for improving our understanding of internal variability and the detection and attribution of forced climate system responses. The densely populated northeastern United States is at risk from increasing temperatures, severe droughts, and extreme precipitation, but the region has limited annual and seasonal‐resolution paleoclimate records beyond the instrumental record. Chamaecyparis thyoides, L. (B.S.P.), Atlantic white cedar, a wetland conifer found within 200 km of the Atlantic coastline of the United States, is a promising tree‐ring proxy that can fill in these data gaps. Here, we develop and analyze a new network of Atlantic white cedar tree‐ring chronologies across the northeastern United States and demonstrate that site selection is important for regional paleoclimate reconstructions. Ring width variability reflects winter through summer temperatures at inland and hydrologically stable sites in the northernmost section of the species' range. Ombrotrophic sites along the coast record hydrological signals and correlate with growing season precipitation. We demonstrate skillful regional climate field reconstructions for the last several centuries and show the increased skill from incorporating our moisture sensitive sites into broad‐scale products like the North American Drought Atlas. This comprehensive understanding of the species' climate responses leads to a tree‐ring network that provides the long‐term multivariate climate context at multidecadal and centennial time scales for the large‐scale ocean‐atmospheric processes that influence the climate of the region. We use this network to examine the covariance of temperature and drought across the New England area over the past two centuries.
Impact of the Dead Sea Transform Kinematics on Adjacent Volcanic Activity
Authors: Weinstein Y. , Nuriel P. , Inbar M. , Jicha B. R. , Weinberger R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Dead Sea Transform (DST) cuts through the northwestern edge of the Harrat ash Shaam volcanic field of western Arabia. The relation of the DST to adjacent volcanic activity has varied during the last 5 Ma. While Pliocene volcanism erupted on both shoulders of the DST and thick sections of volcanics accumulated along its axis, Pleistocene volcanic activity gradually abandoned the transform area while continued farther east. This was concomitant with the increase of transform‐normal (E‐W) contraction along the adjacent transpressive Metulla block at the DST northern sector. New geochronology of Pleistocene volcanic rocks from the Golan Heights (Ar‐Ar) and of syntectonic and post‐tectonic calcite precipitates (U‐Th) from Metulla block reveals temporal association of volcanic dormancy and intensity of the transpressive regime. This includes volcanic cessations during 600–220 ka and post 100 ka, which coincided with growth episodes of several ~E‐W striking veins within the adjacent Metulla block. New high‐resolution U‐Th ages of calcite‐filled vein record the exact timing of these growth episodes to 340–240 and 53–16 ka, which is in accordance with the renewed activity along N‐S strike‐slip faults during 220–60 ka, manifested by U‐Th ages of calcite precipitates on striated fault planes. The temporal association of volcanic dormancy and enhanced transpression, while volcanic activity and increased strike‐slip activity, suggests that continental transforms may act both as inhibitors and as facilitators to magmatic activity. Switching between intermediate and least principal stresses might be the underline mechanism for stress dissipation and relaxation at a time scale of 100 ka.
Low-Frequency Hearing Preservation With Long Electrode Arrays: Inclusion of Unaided Hearing Threshold Assessment in the Postoperative Test Battery
Authors: Dillon Margaret T. , Buss Emily , O'Connell Brendan P. , Rooth Meredith A. , King English R. , Bucker Andrea L. , Deres Ellen J. , McCarthy Sarah A. , Pillsbury Harold C. , Brown Kevin D. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The goal of this work was to evaluate the low-frequency hearing preservation of long electrode array cochlear implant (CI) recipients.

Method
Twenty-five participants presented with an unaided hearing threshold of ≤ 80 dB HL at 125 Hz pre-operatively in the ear to be implanted. Participants were implanted with a long (31.5-mm) electrode array. The unaided hearing threshold at 125 Hz was compared between the preoperative and postoperative intervals (i.e., initial CI activation, and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after activation).

Results

Eight participants maintained an unaided hearing threshold of ≤ 80 dB HL at 125 Hz postoperatively. The majority (
n
= 5) demonstrated aidable low-frequency hearing at initial activation, whereas 3 other participants experienced an improvement in unaided low-frequency hearing thresholds at subsequent intervals.

Conclusions
CI recipients can retain residual hearing sensitivity with fully inserted long electrode arrays, and low-frequency hearing thresholds may improve during the postoperative period. Therefore, unaided hearing thresholds obtained within the initial weeks after surgery may not reflect later hearing sensitivity. Routine measurement of postoperative unaided hearing thresholds—even for patients who did not demonstrate aidable hearing thresholds initially after cochlear implantation—will identify CI recipients who may benefit from electric–acoustic stimulation.
Non‐enzymatic glucose sensor based on three‐dimensional hierarchical Co3O4 nanobooks
Authors: Wang Mei , Shi Mingyu , Meng Erchao , Gong Feilong , Li Feng 
Published: December 2019

A new non‐enzymatic glucose sensor is demonstrated successfully, based on three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical Co3O4 nanobooks (Co3O4 NBs). The 3D hierarchical Co3O4 NBs are assembled with porous and high crystalline 2D Co3O4 nanosheets. The electrochemical measurements reveal that the device exhibits outstanding performance for glucose detection, achieving a maximal sensitivity of 1068.85 μA mM−1 cm−2 with a high R 2 of 0.9836, a low detection limit of 7.94 μM with a signal‐to‐noise of 3 and wide linear range up to 6 mM. The results demonstrate that the non‐enzymatic glucose sensor can respond swiftly and selectively to glucose due to the high electrocatalytic activity of the 3D hierarchical Co3O4 NBs. The sensor also shows its high sensitivity and selectivity in detecting glucose in blood serum, confirming the practical application of the device with appealing accuracy.
Nanostructures of tin oxide by a simple chemical route: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Winyayong A , Wongsaprom K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Tin oxide (SnO2) nanostructures have been synthesized by a simple chemical route. The morphology and crystallization of the samples can be controlled by changing the mixed solution of tin chloride. The precursors were calcined at 600 °C for 2 h in air to obtain the SnO2 nanorods and nanoparticles. The phase composition of the samples was investigated by XRD and electron diffraction analysis. The results confirmed the formation of a SnO2 phase with tetragonal structure. The optical properties of the nanostructures were investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy. The estimated band gaps of nanorods and nanoparticles were 3.39 and 4.23 eV, respectively. The results revealed that the morphologies and band gaps of the samples varied with the mixed solution of tin chloride.
Linear aggregation of spherical nanogolds in carbon nanotube suspension under influence of AC electric field
Authors: Mungkhong Rung , Chattham Nattaporn , Pattanaporkratana Apichart 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We reported a novel method to align spherical nanogolds into linear chains, mediated by induced-electric dipoles from carbon nanotubes in the suspension under AC field. Nanogolds were suspended along with carbon nanotube in water under an AC field of magnitude 100 volts/mm and frequency range of 25 - 1, 000 KHz. Typically the electric polarization of nanoparitcles are very small because of their small volume and we did not observe their dipole-dipole interaction forces under the presence of electric field. However, introducing carbon nanotubes into the suspension made the nanogolds interact with each other and form linear chains directed along the field line. We also found that linear chains can attract from the side and form fatter chains.