bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual Awareness Sharpens and Accelerates Attentional Sampling Through Enhancing Inhibitory Neural Modulation in the Attention Network
Authors: Jiang Yi , Yang Fang , Yuan Peijun , Shen Li , Zhou Ke , He Sheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Attentional sampling, driven by neural oscillations in the fronto-parietal attention network, sequentially focuses on stimuli in a rhythmic pattern, enhancing the efficiency of attentional selection. While this function is considered inherent and default, the role of conscious awareness in this process remains largely unexplored. In this study, we employed the Chromatic Flicker Fusion (CFF) method to render attentional cues invisible and investigated how visual awareness modulates attentional sampling. Using a high-temporal-resolution behavioral paradigm and EEG in conjunction with the time response function method, we found that both visible and invisible cues induced behavioral rhythmic attentional sampling and reset neural connectivity between the frontal and right occipito-parietal regions, indicating that attention samples rhythmically regardless of cue awareness. Intriguingly, visible cues not only elicited additional inhibition effects in behavioral performance and enhanced inhibitory alpha activity in the neural response function, but also triggered faster attentional sampling (~8 Hz vs. ~4 Hz) and higher frequency top-down connectivity between the prefrontal and right occipito-parietal regions (alpha vs. theta band). These findings provide the first evidence that the conscious representation of attentional cues influences inhibitory neural response in the fronto-parietal attention network and modulates the attentional sampling process. The emergence of consciousness enables humans to more effectively sample information and navigate the ever-changing external world.
The effect of antifungal medications on the sensitivity of dermatophyte culture
Authors: Al-Dhalimi Muhsin , Al-Dhalimi Sarmad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of dermatophyte infections and increasing resistance to antifungal drugs. The current study aimed to highlight the effects of antifungal medications on culture sensitivity. This was a case-control study of patients with clinically evident dermatophyte infection and positive KOH microscopic examination. The culture was performed using Dextrose Sabouraud Agar (DSA). Patients were divided according to their treatment status at the time of presentation: patients on antifungal drugs, patients who stopped antifungal drugs, patients using topical steroids and patients not using any form of treatment (the control group). The number of enrolled patients was 133. Patients who did not receive any type of treatment showed the highest percentage 18/33 (54.5%) of fungal growth on culture media. Patients who were using systemic with or without topical antifungal drugs at the time of presentation or stopped them within one month, had statistically significant lower culture success rates (10.0% and 10.5%), respectively. Systemic ± topical antifungal drugs stopped more than one month before sampling had no significant effect on culture results with a success rate (33.3%). Patients with topical antifungal drugs had high positive culture rates (33.3%) for those continuing on topical, 50.0% for stopped < 2 weeks, 57.1% for stopped > 2 weeks). Patients on topical corticosteroids had low positive culture rates (28.6%) as compared to control, but not statistically significant. In conclusion, systemic antifungal medications alone or with topical formulation can significantly affect culture sensitivity, while topical antifungal drugs alone and topical corticosteroids have no significant effect.
Assessment of Antioxidant Enzymes and Vitamins on Lettuce(Lactuca Sativa) Obtained From Cement Company of Northern Nigeria (Sokoto Cement) and Kwalkwalawa Area.
Authors: Junaidu Haliru , Buhari Amina Aliyu , Joy Habiba Hassan , Junaidu Fatahu , Junaidu Ismail Muhammad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Environmental pollution is a major issue which confronts industry and business in today’s world ondaily basis. Industrial activities are the leading cause of metals emission, often associated with soil and plant metal concentration in adjacent regions. Cement industry is one of the 17 most polluting industries listed by the central pollution control board (CPCB). Impact of dust deposition from Cement Company of Northern Nigeria on the antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant vitamins concentrations of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was studied. A comparative study of vitamins concentration and enzymes of Lactuca sativa samples from Kalambaina (Industrial area) and Kwalkwalawa (Non-Industrial area) were estimated using spectrophotometric method and standard analytical procedures respectively.Antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD) were found to be Significantly higher(P<0.05) in lettuce sample obtained from kalanbaina compared to sample obtain from kwalkwalawa, CAT (881.22 ± 87.735 units/ml),SOD (2.030 ± 0.017units/ml) and GSH (2025 ± 115.47mg/dl), and value of antioxidant vitamins Vit A (219.48 ± 10.970mg/dl), Vit C (4095.28 ± 54.843mmol/L) and Vit E (33.5 ± 1.782mg/dl) were foud to be Significantly higher in Lactuca sativacollected from Kalambaina (P<0.05) when compare to sample collected from Kwalkwalawa. This might be as a result of activities in the cement industry. Conclusively, plants grown at cement industries might not be safe for consumption.
Outcomes of Laparoscopic vs. Open Appendectomy in Children: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Yousaf Faha , Aslam Bilal , Mehr Umair Sohail , Aslam Mehwish 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: The clinical condition of appendicitis is a frequent surgical emergency in childhood, for which two principal forms of operative treatment are available: LA and OA. Although the technique of LA has been advocated due to less invasive route compared to OA for its treatment in pediatric patients, controversy continues regarding safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness of LA over OA in pediatric patients.
Objective: Therefore, this study seeks to establish an LA vs OA comparison for pediatric patients with available multi centred data, in order to give practical recommendations for choice purposes.
Methods: In the final analysis, 30 pediatric patients aged between 3 and 18 years who underwent either LA or OA during the period January 2015 to December 2020 were included in the study. Samples were obtained from several tertiary care centers; and the source data analyzed for operative time, length of stay, complication and readmission rates, and cost-utility. T-tests, ANOVA’s, chi-square tests and logistic regression tests were used to make comparisons of the outcomes of both surgical techniques.
Results: The group of patients in the LA group has shown lesser operative time (45. 75 ± 14. 79 min vs 54. 89 ± 19. 62 min; p < 0. 001) and hospital stays (1. 51 ± 0. 70 days vs 3. 22 ± 1. 16 days; p < 0. 001) than the OA group. Further, LA was linked with less odds of postoperative complications (3. 69% vs. 9. 82%; p < 0. 001) as well as readmissions (2. 62% vs. 5. 09%; p = 0. 035). The overall study design along with logistic regression analysis revealed that there was a reduced risk of complications (p < 0. 001) in patients who underwent LA irrespective of their age and similarly there was a reduced risk of readmissions (p = 0. 024) in the same group of patients.
Conclusion: In pediatric patients, laparoscopic appendectomy is superior to open appendectomy owing to shortest operative duration, shortest hospitalization, and lowest morbidity, and readmission rates. In agreement with these findings, LA has been preferred in pediatric appendicitis; however, each individual should be assessed in terms of the patient’s characteristics and surgical capacity.
Bibliometric Analysis of Research Conducted Between 2000-2024 in the Field of Systems Theory: Conceptual Foundations
Authors: Coşkun Şengül 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Systems are dynamic elements composed of interrelated components and interactions organized to achieve a specific goal. As system complexity increases, the interactions between system states and problems emerge. Therefore, system models need to exhibit a holistic approach, track behavior changes, and be flexible in response to changing events. This study examines the research conducted in the field of systems theory between 2000 and 2024 through bibliometric analysis within the framework of systems approach, systems thinking, and system dynamics concepts. It is shown that systems consist of interrelated components and that these relationships contain non-linear, cyclic causal structures. While systems theory provides a holistic approach to problems, the systems approach offers a flexible perspective on changing phenomena. Systems thinking is a concept that encourages the holistic examination of processes and focuses on the relationships of parts, whereas system dynamics, by considering feedback loops and dynamic elements, ensures a comprehensive understanding of the system and is used for designing sustainable policies. This study, using bibliometric analysis—a method that develops techniques to measure scientific communication—emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary tools for understanding and managing complex systems holistically
ИСТОРИЧНОСТЬ И УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫЙ ЭВОЛЮЦИОНИЗМ
Authors: Ионов И.Н. 
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается проблема соотношения историчности и концепции универсального (глобального) эволюционизма, претендующей на парадигмальный, трансдисциплинарный и постнеклассический статус и доминирующей в некоторых областях отечественной макроистории. Анализируются варианты представлений о естественнонаучной темпоральности и гуманитарной историчности, их диалогический потенциал. Хотя универсальный эволюционизм признает в теории достижения неклассической науки и исторического знания, но в приложении к исторической проблематике (теория цивилизаций, универсальная история) он игнорирует проблематику историчности, оставаясь во многом физикалистским.
The article deals with the problem of correlation between historicity and the concept of universal (or global) evolutionism, which claims a paradigmatic, transdisciplinary and post-nonclassical status and dominating in some areas of domestic macrohistory. We consider variants of ideas about natural-science temporality and humanitarian historicity, and their dialogical potential. It is indicated that although universal evolutionism acknowledges in the theory the achievements of nonclassical science and historical knowledge, but in the application to historical problems (the theory of civilizations, big history) it ignores the problem of historicity, remaining largely physicalist.
УРОВНИ ВОСПРИЯТИЯ АНТИЧНОСТИФЛОРЕНТИЙСКИМИ ГОРОЖАНАМИ(по семейным книгам, дневникам, переписке)
Authors: Тельменко Е.П. , Краснова И.А. 
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена восприятию античного наследия представителями городской среды Флоренции в XIV–XV вв. Исследование производится на основе анализа семейных книг, переписки, биографий и хроник. Выделение уровней приобщенности к античной культуре опирается на такие критерии, как круг чтения, степень образованности, знание латинского языка, целеполагание, отражающие разные степени интеллектуализации горожан, занятых торговлей, предпринимательством, банковским делом. Авторами предпринимается попытка определить влияние процесса складывания флорентийского патрициата на формирование интеллектуально-культурной элиты в первой половине XV в.
The given article is devoted to the perception of the ancient heritage by the representatives of Florence urban environment, who were non-humanists in the 14th and 15thcenturies. The research is conducted on the basis of sources of a personal origin, related to the literature of “the second plan”: family books, correspondence, and also biographies and chronicles. Such principles as the scope of reading, the level of education, the knowledge of Latin, goal setting, reflecting different degrees of intellectualization of the townspeople engaged in trade, business, and banking are posited as the basis to determine the levels of their appropriation of the ancient culture. The article represents an attempt to define the influence of the Florentine patriciate formation process upon the development of the intellectual and cultural elite in the first half of the 15th century.
ЛЕОНАРДО ДА ВИНЧИ И ТРАКТАТ ГАЛЕНА«О НАЗНАЧЕНИИ ЧАСТЕЙ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО ТЕЛА»
Authors: Миталева М.В. 
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается вопрос о влиянии на Леонардо да Винчи взглядов римского медика и философа Галена с опорой на трактат «О назначении частей человеческого тела» как наиболее вероятно известного Леонардо. Выстраивается схема «Гален и Леонардо да Винчи» из дневниковых заметок и контактов, а также параллелей в работах ученых. Из смысловых пересечений важным моментом является проявление галеновской телеологии в записях Леонардо да Винчи.
The paper presents the impact of views of Roman physician and philosopher Galen on Leonardo da Vinci, with the most likely known treatise «On the usefulness of the parts of the body» as the basis. Scheme «Galen and Leonardo da Vinci» is built from diary notes and contacts, and parallels between works of both scientists. From these semantic intersections, the manifestation of Galen’s teleology in the records of Leonardo da Vinci is an important point.
ДЖОФФРИ КИТИНГ И ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯОБ ИСТОРИИ “ГОСУДАРСТВА”ТРАДИЦИОННЫЕ ФОРМЫ И НОВЫЕ КОНТЕКСТЫ
Authors: Левин Ф.Е. 
Published: December 2024

В статье анализируется исторический нарратив Джоффри Китинга (1580–1644) «Основа знаний об Ирландии» как рефлексия по поводу британского композитарного проекта в Ирландии. В центре внимания образ власти, сконструированный не только на основании позаимствованного ирландского средневекового материала, но и современных Китингу представлений. Можно заключить, что нарратив Китинга вобрал в себя концепты власти, перешедшие в нетронутом виде из предшествующей ирландской традиции, а также анахронизмы, элементы современной Китингу реальности, наложенные на прошлое Ирландии.
The author analyses the historical narrative, Foras Feasa ar Éirinn, written by Geoffrey Keating (1580–1644), as reflection on British composite project in Ireland. The article explores the image of authority which was constructed not only on the basis of copied or retold material from the medieval Irish sources, but also on the basis of perceptions of the period Keating lived in. Therefore, Keating's narrative comprised concepts of authority, which the author acquired from preceding Irish tradition and which he left intact, and anachronisms, the elements of the reality surrounding the Irish history-writer, which were projected on the Irish past.
КНЯЗЬ ВЛАДИМИР ВЕЛИКИЙ КАК НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ГЕРОЙ
Authors: Сосницкий Д.А. , Ростовцев Е.А. 
Published: December 2024

Основные черты мифа о князе Владимире Святославиче остаются неизменными уже много веков. Традиция панегирического восхваления князя-крестителя берет начало в XI в. и продолжается до сих пор. В статье прослежен путь формирования «мифа» о Владимире Святом с эпохи средневековья до начала XX в., показано его место в пантеоне российских национальных героев. Охарактеризованы основные черты образа князя в массовом историческом сознании россиян, сформированные посредством летописной и устной традиции, художественной и публицистической литературы, монументальной скульптуры и периодической печати.
The main features of the myth about Vladimir the Great remain unchanged for many centuries. The tradition of panegyric praise of the Prince-Baptizer originated in the 11th century and continues to this day. The interest in the Prince's personality does not go out over the next 1000 years. The way for the formation of the "myth" about Vladimir the Great from the Middle Ages to the beginning of the 20st century, his place in the pantheon of Russian national heroes in different historical epochs is reconstructed in the article. The main features of the image of the Prince in the mass historical memory of Russians, which was formed with chronicle and verbal traditions, fiction and nonfiction, monumental sculptures and the periodical press, are characterized.
ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ЭЛЛИНИСТИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙВ СОВЕТСКОЙ АРМЕНИИ
Authors: Маргарян Е.Г. 
Published: December 2024

Эллинистические исследования в Армении прошли несколько этапов взлетов и падений. Первое поколение отечественных арменоведов, предуготовившее появление историографии эллинизма в Армении было представлено выдающимися учеными Н. Адонцем, А. Манадяном, Т. Авдвалбегяном и др., но первые специальные исследования по истории эллинизма в Армении принадлежат С.Т. Еремяну, чьи работы на десятилетия определили направление исследований в данной области. Исследования Еремяна по истории эллинизма развивались в русле идей А.Б. Рановича, рассматривавшего эллинизм как этап развития рабовладельческой формации. В дальнейшем эллинистические исследования в Армении были связаны с работами таких крупных антиковедов как Г.Х. Саркисян, А.Г. Периханян, Г.А. Тирацян. Подобно К.К. Зельину, они не рассматривали рабовладение как основной маркер эллинизма, а Армению как классическую рабовладельческую страну средиземноморского типа, но окончательно выбраться из «прокрустова ложа» традиционной для советской историографии «пятичленной» схемы в то время было невозможно. В постсоветский период эллинистические исследования в Армении в силу объективных и субъективных причин пришли в упадок, и теперь приходится восстанавливать утерянные позиции.
Hellenistic studies in Armenia have gone through several upheavals. The first generation of Armenian armenologists, who prepared the appearance of Hellenistic historiography in Armenia, was represented by outstanding scholars N. Adonts, H. Manadyan, T. Avdvalbegyan, etc. However, the first special studies on the history of Hellenism in Armenia belong to S. Eremyan, whose work for decades determined further direction of research in this field. S. Ermenyan's research on the history of Hellenism in Armenia and neighboring countries developed in the vein of the ideas of A. Ranovich, who considered Hellenism as the next stage in the development of the slave-owning formation. Hellenistic studies in Armenia were further developed in the works of such great hellenist as G. Sarkisyan, A. Perikhanyan, G. Tiratsyan and others. Like K. Zel’in, they did not view slavery as the main marker of Hellenism, and Armenia and other countries of the East as a classical slave-owning country of the Mediterranean type. However, it was impossible to finally get out of the "Procrustean bed" of the traditional "five-membered" scheme for Soviet historiography in this historical epoch. In the post-Soviet period, Hellenistic studies in Armenia, due to objective and subjective reasons, declined, and now we have to restore lost positions.
ПОНЯТИЕ «ДЖЕНТЛЬМЕН»В ФОКУСЕ ВНИМАНИЯ БРИТАНЦЕВ XIX ВЕКА
Authors: Давиденко А.А. 
Published: December 2024

В статье анализируется контекст использования понятия джентльмен в XIX в. на материале британской периодики, публицистики и художественной литературы. Показано, что в викторианскую эпоху в содержании понятия происходят значительные перемены, в основе которых – претензии представителей широких слоев населения на статус джентльмена. Сделан вывод о демократизации понятия, связаной с ослаблением к концу XIX в. критерия знатности происхождения.
The article analyzes the use of the concept of gentleman in the 19th century, using the material of British periodicals, social essays and fiction. Specific examples show significant changes in the usage of the concept during the Victorian era, which were based on the claims of wide ranks of commoners to the status of a gentleman. A conclusion has been made about the democratization of the concept by the end of the 19th c. because by the late 19th c. noble birth ceased to be the main criterion of belonging to the aristocracy.
ИСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНЫЕ ИСТОКИ ФЕВРАЛЬСКОГОРЕВОЛЮЦИОННОГО КРИЗИСА 1917 ГОДАИДЕИ ЛИДЕРОВ ПРОГРЕССИВНОГО БЛОКА
Authors: Кочешков Г.Н. , Сараева Е.Л. 
Published: December 2024

В статье предложен анализ идей либеральных и умеренно-правых лидеров Прогрессивного блока в IV Государственной думе об историко-культурных истоках Февральской революции 1917 г., вызвавшей кризис российской государственности. Разнообразие мнений историков о причинах революционного кризиса того времени обусловливает продолжение дискуссии на эту тему. Важен анализ политической культуры лиц, игравших значительную роль в решении вопроса о власти в то время, выявление их национально-государственных приоритетов, мотивации принятия решений. Реконструированы представления «прогрессистов» о долговременных процессах, имевших революционный потенциал: незавершенность реформ, ориентация монархии на политические традиции, не сложился диалог власти с либеральной общественностью, радикализм левых сил в стране, социокультурный раскол общества, не удалось ввести верховенство закона и др. Выявлены идейно-ценностные основы интерпретации либералами и умеренно-правыми социально-политических процессов, обусловивших Февральскую революцию, а также видение политиками-интел-лектуалами национальных приоритетов развития России – взаимодействие государства с общественностью на условии защищенности прав личности.
The article offers an analysis of the ideas of the liberal and moderate right-wing leaders of the Progressive Bloc in the Fourth State Duma for historical and cultural origins of the February Revolution of 1917, which have caused a crisis of Russian statehood. The diversity of historians’ opinions of the causes of the revolutionary crisis of the time stipulates the continuation of the discussion on this topic. It is important to analyze the political culture of individuals who played a significant role in resolving the issue of power at the time, when they identified their political priorities and decision-making motivation. The ideas of the Progressists about long-term processes with a revolutionary potential were reconstructed: the incompleteness of reforms, the monarchy's orientation toward political traditions, the absence of a dialogue between the authorities and the liberals, the radicalism of the leftist forces in the country, the sociocultural split in society, the inability of the authorities to introduce the rule of law, and others. The ideological-value elements in an interpretation of the socio-political processes having led to the February revolution by liberals and moderate right-wing activists are shown: the rule of law, democracy, political freedoms and human rights, culture, powerful statehood, Russia. The value approach has determined the vision by the intellectual politicians of the national priorities of Russia's development - the interaction of the government with the public on the condition of individual rights protection.
ОБРАЗ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ 1917 ГОДАВ ИСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНОЙ ПАМЯТИ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ
Authors: Моисеев А.Д. , Шурупова А.С. , Шурупова О.С. 
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена образу событий 1917 г. в историко-культурной памяти современной молодежи. Для исследования особенностей отношения к Февральской и Октябрьской революциям 1917 г. проведено анкетирование студентов липецких вузов.
The article is devoted to the pattern of the events of 1917 in the historical and cultural memory of the young people. In the article the features of the attitude of a modern young person to the February and October revolutions of 1917 are investigated on the basis of a survey of students of Lipetsk universities.
ARS HISTORICAСБОРНИК В ЧЕСТЬ ОЛЕГА ФЕДОРОВИЧА КУДРЯВЦЕВА
Authors: Чернова Л.Н. 
Published: December 2024

Рец. на книгу: ARS HISTORICA. Сборник в честь Олега Федоровича Кудрявцева / Сост. и отв. ред. А.К. Гладков. М.; СПб.: Центр гуманитарных инициатив, 2015.
Review: ARS HISTORICA. Сборник в честь Олега Федоровича Кудрявцева / Сост. и отв. ред. А.К. Гладков. М.; СПб.: Центр гуманитарных инициатив, 2015.