bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between changes in HIV risk perception and condom use in east Zimbabwe 2003-2013: Population-based longitudinal analyses
Authors: Schaefer Robin , Thomas Ranjeeta , Maswera Rufurwokuda , Kadzura Noah , Nyamukapa Constance , Gregson Simon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Perceiving a personal risk for HIV infection is considered important for engaging in HIV prevention behaviour and often targeted in HIV prevention interventions. However, there is limited evidence for assumed causal relationships between risk perception and prevention behaviour and the degree to which change in behaviour is attributable to change in risk perception is poorly understood. This study examines longitudinal relationships between changes in HIV risk perception and in condom use and the public health importance of changing risk perception.
Methods: Data on sexually active, HIV-negative adults (15-54 years) were taken from four surveys of a general-population open-cohort study in Manicaland, Zimbabwe (2003-2013). Increasing condom use between surveys was modelled in generalised estimating equations dependent on change in risk perception between surveys. Accounting for changes in other socio-demographic and behavioural factors, regression models examined the bi-directional relationship between risk perception and condom use, testing whether increasing risk perception is associated with increasing condom use and whether increasing condom use is associated with decreasing risk perception. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were estimated.
Results: 1988 males and 3715 females participated in ≥2 surveys, contributing 8426 surveys pairs. Increasing risk perception between two surveys was associated with higher odds of increasing condom use (males: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.85-2.28, PAF=3.39%; females: aOR=1.41 [1.06-1.88], PAF=6.59%), adjusting for changes in other socio-demographic and behavioural factors. Those who decreased risk perception were also more likely to increase condom use (males: aOR=1.76 [1.12-2.78]; females: aOR=1.23 [0.93-1.62]) compared to those without change in risk perception.
Conclusions: Results on associations between changing risk perception and increasing condom use support hypothesised effects of risk perception on condom use and effects of condom use on risk perception (down-adjusting risk perception after adopting condom use). However, low proportions of change in condom use were attributable to changing risk perception, underlining the range of factors influencing HIV prevention behaviour and the need for comprehensive approaches to HIV prevention.
The reliability and validity of a novel Chinese version simplified modified Rankin scale questionnaire(2011)
Authors: yuan Junliang , wang yunxiao , Hu Wenli , Bruno Askiel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background

The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a key global outcome measure after stroke internationally. The latest English version of the simplified modified Rankin scale questionnaire (smRSq)(2011) is a reliable and valid tool in scoring the mRS after stroke. In order to use this tool in Chinese patients, we translated it into Chinese and tested its clinimetric properties.

Methods

The English version smRSq(2011) was translated into Chinese by a standard process. We recruited 300 consecutive hospitalized ischemic stroke patients in the department of neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital. Six randomly paired raters scored the conventional mRS, the novel Chinese version smRSq(2011), the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the Barthel index (BI) in-person. Inter-rater reliability and validity were assessed.

Results

Among the 300 ischemic stroke patients, mean age was 64.9±12.1 years, and 220 (73%) were male. For inter-rater reliability of the smRSq(2011), the percent agreement among the paired raters was 87%, the kappa (κ) was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79-0.88), and the weighted kappa (κw) was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95-0.98). The percent agreement between the smRSq(2011) scores and the conventional mRS scores was 55%, κ=0.47 (95% CI, 0.40-0.54), and κw=0.91 (95% CI, 0.89-0.93). In construct validity testing, the Spearman’s correlation coefficients comparing the smRSq(2011) scores with the NIHSS and the BI scores were 0.83 (P<0.001) and -0.86 (P<0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

Our results show good to excellent clinimetric properties of the novel Chinese version smRSq(2011) in scoring the mRS in Chinese stroke patients. Further validation in other clinical settings, including in communities and by remote methods in China is warranted.
Combined therapy of somatostatin analogues with pegvisomant for the treatment of acromegaly: a meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Ma Lingyun , Luo Daohuang , Yang Ting , Wu Songtao , Li Min , Chen Chaoyang , Zhou Shuang , Ma Lingyue , Wu Ye , Zhou Ying , Cui Yimin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background: Acromegaly is a rare, chronic and severe disease. Drug therapy including somatostatin analogues, dopamine receptor agonists and growth hormone receptor antagonists are commonly used to treat patients who do not respond to surgery. The use of combination therapy with PEG and SAs has become more common over the last decade. We performed this study to accurately evaluate the effect of combination therapy of somatostatin analogues (SAs) with pegvisomant (PEG) on acromegalic patients. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Trip database were searched for relevant studies. Prospective clinical trials treating acromegaly with the co-administration of SAs and PEG were included. We performed a meta-analysis by using Stata 12.1. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore heterogeneity. Results: Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis. The overall rate of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) normalization was 66% (95% CI: 52%–78%; I2=62.59%). The combination therapy did not significantly change patients’ fasting plasma glucose (ES: 0.011 mmol*L-1; 95% CI: −0.374 to 0.397 mmol*L-1; P=0.954) or glycosylated haemoglobin (ES: -0.074%; 95% CI: −0.166% to 0.315%; P=0.544) while decreasing the fasting plasma insulin (ES: −21.487 pmol*L-1; 95% CI: −35.713 to -7.260 pmol*L-1; P=0.003). Elevation of liver enzyme levels was found in 14% (95% CI: 8% to 21%) of the patients. There was no significant difference for serious adverse events and treatment discontinuation due to adverse event between SAs monotherapy group and combination therapy group. Conclusions: Combined therapy of SAs and PEG effectively normalized IGF-1 levels in most of the patients whose IGF-1 level was greater than the upper limit of normal after high dose SAs monotherapy. The therapy also decreased significantly FPI levels with a neutral effect on glucose parameters in acromegaly patients. Moreover, elevated liver enzyme levels were observed in a small number of patients, which suggests a need for liver function monitoring. Trial registration We have our protocol registered in PROSPERO. (Registration number: CRD42019115549)
Novel heavy metal resistance gene clusters are present in the genome of Cupriavidus neocaledonicus STM 6070, a new species of Mimosa pudica microsymbiont isolated from heavy-metal-rich mining site soil
Authors: Klonowska Agnieszka , Moulin Lionel , Ardley Julie Kaye , Braun Florence , Gollagher Margaret Mary , Zandberg Jaco Daniel , Marinova Dora Vasileva , Huntemann Marcel , Reddy T.B.K. , Varghese Neha Jacob , Woyke Tanja , Ivanova Natalia , Seshadri Rekha , Kyrpides Nikos , Reeve Wayne Gerald 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Cupriavidus strain STM 6070 was isolated from nickel-rich soil collected near Koniambo massif, New Caledonia, using the invasive legume trap host Mimosa pudica. STM 6070 is a heavy metal-tolerant strain that is highly effective at fixing nitrogen with M. pudica. Here we have provided an updated taxonomy for STM 6070 and described salient features of the annotated genome, focusing on heavy metal resistance (HMR) loci and heavy metal efflux (HME) systems.Results The 6,771,773 bp high-quality-draft genome consists of 107 scaffolds containing 6,118 protein-coding genes. ANI values show that STM 6070 is a new species of Cupriavidus. The STM 6070 symbiotic region was syntenic with that of the M. pudica-nodulating Cupriavidus taiwanensis LMG 19424T. In contrast to the nickel and zinc sensitivity of C. taiwanensis strains, STM 6070 grew at high Ni2+ and Zn2+ concentrations. The STM 6070 genome contains 55 genes, located in 12 clusters, that encode HMR structural proteins belonging to the RND, MFS, CHR, ARC3, CDF and P-ATPase protein superfamilies. These HMR molecular determinants are putatively involved in arsenic (ars), chromium (chr), cobalt-zinc-cadmium (czc), copper (cop, cup), nickel (nie and nre), and silver and/or copper (sil) resistance. Seven of these HMR clusters were common to symbiotic and non-symbiotic Cupriavidus species, while four clusters were specific to STM 6070, with three of these being associated with insertion sequences. Within the specific STM 6070 HMR clusters, three novel HME-RND systems (nieIC cep nieBA, czcC2B2A2, and hmxB zneAC zneR hmxS) were identified, which constitute new candidate genes for nickel and zinc resistance.Conclusions STM 6070 belongs to a new Cupriavidus species, for which we have proposed the name Cupriavidus neocaledonicus sp. nov.. STM6070 harbours a pSym with a high degree of gene conservation to the pSyms of M. pudica-nodulating C. taiwanensis strains, probably as a result of recent horizontal transfer. The presence of specific HMR clusters, associated with transposase genes, suggests that the selection pressure of the New Caledonian ultramafic soils has driven the specific adaptation of STM 6070 to heavy-metal-rich soils via horizontal gene transfer.
CD45dimCD34+CD38-CD133+ cells have the potential as leukemic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia .
Authors: Heo Sook-Kyoung , Noh Eui-Kyu , Ju Lan Jeong , Sung Jun Young , Jeong Yoo Kyung , Cheon Jaekyung , Koh SuJin , Min Young Joo , Choi Yunsuk , Jo Jae-Cheol 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in play an important role in the initiation, relapse, and progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and in the development of chemotherapeutic drug resistance in AML. Studies regarding the detection of LSCs and the development of novel therapies for targeting them are extensive. The identification of LSCs and targeting therapies for them has been continuously under investigation.

Methods: We examined the levels of CD45 dim CD34 + CD38 - CD133 + cells in bone marrow samples from patients with hematological malignancies and healthy controls, using four-color flow cytometry.

Results: Interestingly, the CD45 dim CD34 + CD38 - CD133 + cells were highly expressed in the bone marrow of patients with AML compared to that in healthy controls (HC). Moreover, the proportions of CD45 dim CD34 + CD38 - CD133 + cells were also examined in diverse hematological malignancies, including AML, CML, DLBCL, MM, MDS, HL, ALL, and CLL. LSCs were prominently detected in the BMCs isolated from patients with AML and CML, but rarely in BMCs isolated from patients with DLBCL, MM, MDS, ALL, CLL, and HL. Additionally, the high CD45 dim CD34 + CD38 - CD133 + cell counts in AML patients served as a significantly poor risk factor for overall and event free survival.

Conclusions: Therefore, our results suggest that CD45 dim CD34 + CD38 - CD133 + cells in AML might potentially serve as LSCs. In addition, this cell population might represent a novel therapeutic target in AML.
Dietary patterns of Brazilian farmers and their relation with sociodemographic, labor, and lifestyle conditions
Authors: Cattafesta Monica , Petarli Glenda Blaser , Luz Tamires Conceição da , Zandonade Eliana , Bezerra Olívia Maria de Paula Alves , Salaroli Luciane Bresciani 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The eating habits have changed in the last few decades, but few studies prioritize the food consumption of farmers and the rural population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to define the dietary patterns of farmers in a Brazilian municipality and evaluate their association with sociodemographic, occupational and lifestyle factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 740 farmers (51.5%, n=381 males; 48.5%, n=359 females) from a municipality in Southeastern Brazil. Food intake data were obtained by applying multipass 24-hour recall and dietary intake was presented in dietary patterns determined by Principal Component Analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified. The first pattern, “local traditional”, was associated with sociodemographic and labor variables, being considered typical of the region's farmer as white race/color (p=0.003), not extra-physical activity (p=0.014) and cultivating 5 or more crops (p=0.005). The permanence of a “traditional Brazilian” pattern and the occurrence of an “industrialized” pattern were also observed. Farmers working in non-conventional agriculture were 54% less adhere to “traditional Brazilian” pattern (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25–0.86, p=0.014). Individuals aged 50 and over years were 82% less likely (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.10–0.30) to adhere to “industrialized” pattern. Still, individuals of lower socioeconomic class were 52% less likely to adhere to this pattern (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.96). Farmers who spent R$ 200 or more per capita to buy food were more than twice as likely to adhere to this food pattern (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.32–3.73), and who had the habit of frequently eating out were 1.62 as likely adhere to “industrialized” pattern (95% CI 1.11–2.36). Conclusions: The findings indicate changes in dietary patterns in rural areas of the country, maintaining a traditional Brazilian pattern, as well as a local and an industrialized pattern. This last pattern demonstrates that the contemporary rural population also opts for a diet with ultra-processed products, being associated with the characteristic habits of a more urbanized rural region.
The effect of a pre- and post- operative exercise programme versus standard care on physical fitness of patients with oesophageal and gastric cancer undergoing neoadjuvant treatment prior to surgery (The PERIOP-OG Trial): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
Authors: Tully Roisin , Loughney Lisa , Bolger Jarlath C , Sorensen Jan , Mcanena Oliver J , Collins Chris G , Carroll Paul A , Arumugasamy Mayilone , Murphy Thomas J , Robb William B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Advances in peri-operative oncological treatment, surgery and peri-operative care have improved survival for patients with oesophagogastric cancers. Neoadjuvant cancer treatment (NCT) reduces physical fitness, which may reduce both compliance and tolerance of NCT as well as compromising post-operative outcomes. This is particularly detrimental in a patient group where malnutrition is common and surgery is demanding. The aim of this trial is to assess the effect on physical fitness and clinical outcomes of a comprehensive exercise training programme in patients undergoing NCT and surgical resection for oesophagogastric malignancies. Methods: The PERIOP-OG trial is a pragmatic, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial comparing a programme of peri-operative exercise with standard care in patients with oesophagogastric cancers treated with NCT and surgery. The intervention group undergo a formal exercise training programme and the usual care group receive standard clinical care (no formal exercise advice). The training programme is initiated at cancer diagnosis, continued during NCT, between NCT and surgery, and then resumed again after surgery. All participants undergo assessments at: baseline, post-NCT, pre-surgery and at 4 and 10 weeks after surgery. The primary endpoint is cardiorespiratory fitness measured by demonstration of a 15% difference in 6-minute walk test assessed at the pre-surgery time point. Secondary endpoints include measures of physical health (upper and lower body strength tests), body mass index, frailty, activity behavior, psychological and health related quality of life outcomes. Exploratory endpoints include a health economics analysis, assessment of clinical health by post-operative morbidity scores, hospital length of stay, nutritional status, immune and inflammatory markers, and response to NCT. Rates of NCT toxicity, tolerance and compliance will also be assessed. Discussion: The PERIOP-OG trial will determine whether, when compared to usual care, exercise training initiated at diagnosis and continued during NCT, prior to surgery and then during recovery, can maintain or improve cardiorespiratory fitness and other physical, psychological and clinical health outcomes. This trial will inform both the prescription of exercise regimes as well as the design of a larger prehabilitation and rehabilitation trial to investigate whether exercise in combination with nutritional and psychological interventions elicit greater benefits.
Association of serum apolipoprotein B with cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in patients with subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Hu Hao , Tan Lan , Bi Yan-Lin , Xu Wei , Tan Lin , Shen Xue-Ning , Hou Xiao-He , Ma Ya-Hui , Dong Qiang , Yu Jin-Tai 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a key target stage for future AD prevention trials. Serum apolipoprotein, an important lipid-related factor, has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. This study was to examine whether apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1) or the ratio of ApoB and ApoA1 (ApoB/A1) were associated with early changes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers in elderly adults with subjective cognitive decline. Methods This study included 201 cognitive normal (CN) elderly adults and 101 participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) from the Chinese Alzheimer’s Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) database. The Kruskall-Wallis test and Chisquare test were applied in the intergroup comparisons. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the cross-sectional associations of serum ApoB, ApoA1 and ApoB/A1 levels with CSF AD-related biomarkers. Results Compared with the control group, SCD participants with significant AD biological characteristics had lower ApoB levels. In the total participants, higher level of serum ApoB was associated with increases in CSF Aβ42 (p = 0.0009) and Aβ42/40 (p = 0.0038) as well as decreases in CSF t-tau/Aβ42 (p < 0.0001) and p-tau/Aβ42 (p < 0.0001), independent of APOEɛ4 status. In the further subgroup analysis, these associations were much more significant in the SCD participants. In addition, higher levels of serum ApoB were also found associated with decreases in CSF t-tau (p = 0.0224), p-tau (p = 0.0086) and Aβ40 (p = 0.0297) in the SCD subgroup. Furthermore, we found that these protective associations between serum ApoB and CSF AD core biomarkers were much more significant in the overweight participants. Results showed no association between ApoA1 and all CSF biomarkers in either total participants or subgroups. Conclusions This study is the first to find protective associations of serum ApoB, but not ApoA1, with CSF AD core biomarkers in elderly adults, and these associations were more significant in SCD individuals. This finding indicated that ApoB may play a protective role in the preclinical stage of AD. Identifying the underlying mechanisms may contribute to the discovery of new pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
Sevoflurane inhibits Human umbilical vein endothelial cells migration by up-regulating VE-cadherin expression
Authors: Sun Yuanqing , Xu Zifeng , Xu Tao , Xu Hui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background

Sevoflurane is a commonly used inhalation anesthesia and is famous for rapid onset of action, less metabolism in vivo and fast recovery. The aim of this study is to elaborate whether sevoflurane inhibits Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) migration function.

Methods

In vitro experiments, the HUVECs were divided into four groups randomly, and were exposed to 2% sevoflurane, refer to 1.6 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC), respectively for 0.5h, 1h, 2h and the first group was the control group which exposed to the same gas environment with other three groups but only without sevoflurane. After sevoflurane exposure, HUVECs were conducted the scratch assay.

Results

The results suggested that the HUVECs exposed to 2% sevoflurane for 2 h were more obviously inhibited on the migration distance during 12 h after scratched than the control group. Quantitative PCR results suggested that the HUVECs exposed to 2% sevoflurane for 2 h expressed more vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) than the control group, with statistic difference. However, other scratch assay and quantitative trials suggested that the HUVECs which were transfected with VE-cadherin siRNA and exposed to 2% sevoflurane for 2 h had no significant difference with the control group on the migration distance and the expression of VE-cadherin.

Conclusion

These results suggested that sevoflurane inhibited the HUVECs migration function by up-regulating VE-cadherin expression, and may have an adverse effect on the normal functions of vascular endothelial cells.
Effectiveness of digital technologies to support nursing care: results of a scoping review
Authors: Huter Kai , Krick Tobias , Domhoff Dominik , Seibert Kathrin , Wolf-Ostermann Karin , Rothgang Heinz 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The field of digital technologies being developed or applied to support nursing care is very extensive. The aim of this scoping review is to provide an overview on technologies for which results on positive or negative effects on persons in need of care, caregivers or care institutions are available – and to appraise the reliability of these results. An additional focus is put on the question which care settings and target groups have been addressed by the research so far. Methods A scoping review design has been used to identify studies focussing on the effectiveness of digital technologies in nursing care for persons in need of care, caregivers or care institutions. The screening process included 19.510 scientific publications from 9 databases. Results A total of 123 single studies and 31 reviews were subjected to the analysis. The range of technologies that is researched to support nursing care is wide. The included technologies comprise nursing and health information technologies, such as assistive devices, information and communication technologies (including decision support systems, electronic health records, hospital and nursing home information systems), sensors and robotic technologies. The results show that there are many studies that demonstrate positive effects of the technologies, but the level of evidence is mostly low and study sizes are often small. Hardly any technology has been researched intensively enough to produce conclusive results. Studies on a high level of evidence (RCTs) lack for nearly all technological areas. Heterogeneous results in some areas indicate that effects may depend strongly on the mode and and specific context into which the technologies are introduced. Most studies are situated in inpatient care settings. Conclusion Due to the limited evidence on effectiveness of digital technologies in nursing care, it is not surprising that care institutions are reluctant to put innovative technologies into practice. The scoping review indicates technology areas that should be subject to future research with higher quality studies. Research on outpatient care settings, informal care arrangements and cross-sectoral care should be intensified to further exploit the potential of digital technologies to improve independence of care-recipients and unburden formal an informal carers.