bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents from 2000 to 2019 in Asia: A meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Lihui , Han Shuguang , Liu Fengjing , Chen Si , Chen Xiaoting , Chen Haibing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Studies of the prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents have been limited to specific areas and the prevalence in Asia is unknown. Objectives: This study was to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents in Asia from 2000 to 2019.Data sources: A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all relevant cross-sectional studies in Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases.Study eligibility criteria: “hyperuricemia” and “adolescent” were the two critical inclusion criteria. Participants, and interventions: Adolescents;Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality using STROBE check list. Extracted information included the first author, study year, country, publication year, sample size, number of cases, and age of onset. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using the Q test and quantified using the I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of the heterogeneity. The possibility of publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test. Results: The meta-analysis included 11 articles. The pooled prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents in Asia was 15.4% (95% CI 9.5-21.2%) and the prevalence of adolescents in Taiwan was higher than that in mainland China. The prevalence in coastal areas was higher than that in inland areas. The prevalence of men was higher than that of women. After excluding the high prevalence study in Taiwan, the prevalence of adolescents has been increasing year by year. Publication bias was observed but the results did not change after a trim and fill test, indicating that the impact of this bias was likely insignificant.Limitations: The diagnostic criteria for hyperuricemia for adolescents varied among the studies; some studies used their own cut-off values for hyperuricemia in adolescents.Conclusions and implications of key findings: Hyperuricemia prevalence in adolescents is high and continues to increase. The prevalence varies with geography, gender, and time. Effective measures should be taken to prevent any further increase in the incidence of adolescent hyperuricemia.Systematic review registration number: Not applicable.
Healthy aging through the lens of community-based practitioners: a focus group study
Authors: Dev Rubee , Zaslavsky Oleg , Cochrane Barbara , Eagen Thomas , Woods Nancy F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Nearly one in every seven Americans is 65 years and older, facing day-to-day challenge of aging. Although interest in healthy aging is growing, most of the efforts are directed towards understanding the perceptions of older adults. Little is known about the perspectives of community-based practitioners who work with older adults and deliver programs to promote healthy aging. The purpose of this project was to expand knowledge on healthy aging by exploring the perspectives of community-based practitioners working directly with older adults. Methods: We purposively sampled community-based practitioners (n=12, including nurses, physician, social workers, and other community services professionals) working with older adults, who then participated in one of three in-depth focus group discussions conducted between March and June 2016. Each focus group discussion lasted for about two hours. Verbatim transcript data were analyzed in Atlas.ti 7 using a conventional content analysis with an inductive approach, and consensual validation of coding was achieved.Results: Three core categories of healthy aging were identified: (1) characteristics of healthy aging; (2) healthy aging attainment; and (3) programs and activities for healthy aging. Practitioners identified a number of characteristics of healthy aging under person-specific (physiological, basic, psych-emotional, and cognitive needs), social aspects (creating community and contributing to the community), and spiritual dimensions (cultural views and beliefs) of healthy aging. Healthy aging attainment was represented as facilitators and barriers both with respect to care recipients and care providers, and programs and activities through promoting fitness and wellness. Conclusions: The rapidly changing demographics and aging population in the United States and their various needs suggest the implications for recognizing opportunities and developing and implementing programs to promote healthy aging. Although practitioners’ perspectives had some overlap with traditional research and medical views on healthy aging, the unique and holistic conceptual framework derived in the study might provide a more refined foundation for delivering appropriate health care services to the American aging population.
Article Functional MYB transcription factor gene HtMYB2 is associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in Helianthus tuberosus L.
Authors: Gao Jieming , Sun Xuemei , Zong Yuan , Yang Shipeng , Wang Lihui , Liu Baolong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuber color is an important trait for Helianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem artichoke). Usually, purple tubers with high anthocyanin content are more nutritious than white tuber. But, the molecular mechanism underlying it is unknown. Results: In the current study, high-throughput RNA-sequencing was used to compare the transcriptomes between plants with tubers with red or white epidermis. Anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes had greater expression in the red-skinned tubers of cultivar QY1, indicating that the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was activated in ‘QY1’; quantitative PCR confirmed this difference in expression. HtMYB2 (Unigene44371_All) was the only MYB transcription factor, homologous to the MYB transcription factor regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis, expressed in the red tuber epidermis of ‘QY1’. The anthocyanin concentration in the root, stem, leaf, flower, and tuber epidermis of ‘QY1’ was higher than in ‘QY3’, especially tuber epidermis. Correspondingly, HtMYB2 had greater expression in these tissues of ‘QY1’ than in ‘QY3’. The expression of HtMYB2 was associated with anthocyanin accumulation in the different tissues. Overexpression of HtMYB2 activated the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, accumulating the pigment in leaves of transgenic tobacco, supporting the model that HtMYB2 regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis. Further experiments found that HtMYB2 had the same coding sequence and genomic sequence in ‘QY1’ and ‘QY3’, but that there were several single nucleotide polymorphisms and one insertion–deletion (indel) mutation of 21 nucleotides in the promoter region between the two alleles. The deletion of three nucleotides “AAA” made the promoter of ‘QY1’ predicted to contain one more possible promoter region. A specific primer, based on the indel, could differentiate between cultivars with red or white tuber epidermis. The genetic variation in HtMYB2 was associated with the tuber skin color in a natural population. Conclusions: RNA-seq can successfully isolate the candidate gene ( HTMYB2 ) controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple epidermis of Jerusalem artichoke tuber. HTMYB2 can regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants and is closely related to the formation of purple phenotype in tubers. This study should be useful in understanding the genetic mechanism underlying different tuber skin colors and in breeding new H. tuberosus cultivars with different tuber skin colors.
MAGE-A4, NY-ESO-1 and SAGE mRNA expression rates and co-expression relationships in solid tumours
Authors: Ishihara Mikiya , Kageyama Shinichi , Miyahara Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Takeshi , Ueda Shugo , Soga Norihito , Naota Hiroaki , Mukai Katsumi , Harada Naozumi , Ikeda Hiroaki , Shiku Hiroshi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer testis (CT) antigens are promising targets for cancer immunotherapies such as cancer vaccines and genetically modified adoptive T cell therapy. In this study, we evaluated the expression of three CT antigens, melanoma-associated antigen A4 (MAGE-A4), New York oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) and sarcoma antigen gene (SAGE). Methods: MAGE-A4, NY-ESO-1 and/or SAGE antigen expression in tumour samples was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Informed consent was obtained from individuals prior to study enrolment. Results: In total, 585 samples in 21 tumour types were evaluated between June 2009 and March 2018. The positive expression rates of these CT antigens were as follows: MAGE-A4, 34.6% (range, 30.7-38.7); NY-ESO-1, 21.0% (range, 17.2-25.1); and SAGE, 21.8% (range, 18.5-25.4). The MAGE-A4 antigen was expressed in 54.9% of oesophageal cancers, 37.5% of head and neck cancers, 35.0% of gastric cancers and 34.2% of ovarian cancers; the NY-ESO-1 antigen was expressed in 28.6% of lung cancers, 25.3% of oesophageal cancers and 22.6% of ovarian cancers; and the SAGE antigen was expressed in 35.3% of prostate cancers, 32.9% of oesophageal cancers and 26.3% of ovarian cancers. The most common tumour type in this study was oesophageal cancer. MAGE-A4, NY-ESO-1 and SAGE antigen expression were assessed in 214 oesophageal cancer samples, among which 24 (11.2%) were triple-positive, 58 (27.1%) were positive for any two, 59 (27.6%) were positive for any one, and 73 (34.1%) were triple negative. Conclusions: Oesophageal cancer exhibited a relatively high rate of CT antigen mRNA expression positivity.
Elevated levels of miR-483-5p in oocytes aggravates premature ovarian insufficiency induced by CDDP by targeting the FKBP4
Authors: zhao huihui , Gu Wenqing , Ouyang Huogui , Pan Wenbin , Zhang Hanbin , Shuai Ling , Diao Ruiying , Wang Liping 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by a loss of ovarian function before 40 years-of-age and represents an existing challenge cause of female infertility. POI is one of the dominant causes of cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin, CDDP)-induced reproductive impairment. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying POI induced by CDDP remain unclear.Methods: The POI C57B6/J mouse model was created by administering CDDP. The effects of FKBP4 were investigated using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification analysis (iTRAQ), real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Target prediction was predicted using TargetScan software. Levels of sex hormones were tested using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).Results: We found that the FKBP4 protein was down-regulated in the ovaries of CDDP model. Target prediction identified FKBP4 as a potential target for miR-483-5p, which was expressed at high levels in both the ovaries and serum of CDDP-POI mice, and in the serum from POI patients. In vitro experiments further confirmed that FKBP4 was the target for miR-483-5p in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa). The overexpression of FKBP4 in human granulosa cells (KGN) alleviated the apoptosis caused by CDDP and the overexpression of miR-483-5p. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-483-5p in oocytes caused injury to the ovaries, and disrupted the levels of sex hormones in CDDP-POI mice (AMH: P < 0.01; E2: P < 0.01; FSH: P < 0.01).Conclusions: Analyses showed that miR-483-5p targets the FKBP4 protein in a mouse model of POI induced by CDDP. Elevated levels of miR-483-5p in oocytes could aggravate POI induced by CDDP by targeting FKBP4. Overall, our data demonstrate that miR-483-5p was responsible for the underlying pathophysiology of POI induced by chemotherapeutic treatments, such as CDDP.
Activated CAMKKβ-AMPK Signaling Promotes Autophagy in a Spheroid Model of Ovarian Tumour Metastasis
Authors: Laski Jeremi , Singha Bipradeb , Wang Xu , Valdés Yudith Ramos , Collins Olga , Shepherd Trevor 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background A hallmark of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) metastasis is the process of spheroid formation, whereby tumour cells aggregate into 3D structures while in suspension in the peritoneal cavity. EOC spheroids are subjected to bioenergetic stress, thereby activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling to enter a metabolically quiescent state, which can facilitate cell survival under nutrient-limiting conditions. Independently, we have also demonstrated that EOC spheroids induce autophagy, a process that degrades and recycles intracellular components to restore energy and metabolites. Herein, we sought to examine whether AMPK controls autophagy induction as a cell survival mechanism in EOC spheroids. Results We observed a co-ordinate increase in phosphorylated AMPK and the autophagy marker LC3-II during EOC spheroid formation. Reduced AMPK expression by siRNA-mediated knockdown of PRKAA1 and PRKAA2 blocked autophagic flux in EOC spheroids as visualized by fluorescence microscopy using the mCherry-eGFP-LC3B reporter. A complementary approach using pharmacologic agents Compound C and CAMKKβ inhibitor STO-609 to inhibit AMPK activity both yielded a potent blockade of autophagic flux as well. However, direct activation of AMPK in EOC cells using oligomycin and metformin was insufficient to induce autophagy. STO-609 treatment of EOC spheroids resulted in reduced viability in 7 out of 9 cell lines, but with no observed effect in non-malignant FT190 cell spheroids. Conclusions Our results support the premise that CAMKKβ-mediated AMPK activity is required, at least in part, to regulate autophagy induction in EOC spheroids and support cell viability in this in vitro model of EOC metastasis.
Initial experience of complete laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy combined with transvesical laparoscopic excision of distal ureter in patients with upper urinary tract cancer
Authors: Miyake Makito , Nishimura Nobutaka , Aoki Katsuya , Ohmori Chihiro , Shimizu Takuto , Owari Takuya , Hori Shunta , Morizawa Yosuke , Gotoh Daisuke , Nakai Yasushi , Anai Satoshi , Torimoto Kazumasa , Tanaka Nobumich , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Selecting the treatment procedure for cancer patients is a challenging task. We report our initial experience of complete laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (UTUC).Methods: A total of four patients with UTUC underwent complete laparoscopic RNU combined with transvesical laparoscopic excision of the distal ureter using three 5-mm ports. Transvaginal specimen extraction was applied in female patients to reduce incisional pain and improve cosmesis. Peri-operative complications were evaluated using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Postoperative pain was evaluated during hospitalization using a numeric pain rating scale (scales of 1 to 10). Patients who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery combined with open excision of the distal ureter during the same period were included as a control group (conventional RNU, consisting of laparoscopic nephrectomy with open bladder cuff excision) for pain scale evaluation.Results: The novel surgery was successfully completed for all four patients (two males and two females). The mean pneumoperitoneum time for retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy and specimen extraction was 174 min, while the mean pneumovesicum time for the ureteral orifice excision was 88 min. One male patient had bladder leakage at the suture site of the bladder wall, which lasted for two weeks. No patient experienced recurrent disease during the follow-up period (median, 10 months). Mild to moderate pain lasted for 5 or 6 days after RNU. A couple of days after surgery, the numeric pain rating scale of complete laparoscopic RNU and conventional RNU group reached its peak level at 3.0 ± 1.8 and 5.3 ± 2.8, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the degree of postoperative pain (P=0.31).Conclusions: We described our initial experience and outcome of complete laparoscopic RNU for UTUC. Further experience and research are required to determine whether this advanced laparoscopic technique yields better outcomes and has true clinical value.
The use of information and communication technologies in Latin American dentists: A Cross-Sectional Study from Ecuador
Authors: Cherrez-Ojeda Ivan , Vera-Paz Carlos A. , Vanegas Emanuel , Gallardo Juan Carlos , Felix Miguel , Espinoza-Fuentes Fernando , Chedraui Peter , Gavilanes Danilo , Mata Valeria 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) provide the tools for enabling fast and reliable real-time communications, as well as the transfer of information between dental professionals and their patients. However, little is known about the frequency and preference of ICTs among Latin-American dentists. Our study aims to fill this gap by assessing different aspects related to ICTs, mainly the frequency of use, perceptions, and barriers among Ecuadorian dentists. Methods: An anonymous, cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among 342 Ecuadorian dentists. The final questionnaire included 13 items related to the frequency of use, perceptions, and barriers of ICTs. Bivariate analysis was performed by using chi-squared testing to explore the association between the independent variables and the intended use of ICTs, as well as to characterize the perceptions and barriers related to ICTs. Results: In general, most participants reported the use of ICTs to communicate with colleagues (99.7%), and patients (96.2%), while only 63.5% reported using ICTs to obtain academic information in their daily practice. WhatsApp was rated as the most used ICT for communicating with colleagues and patients. A majority of participants considered that ICTs can be useful for facilitating continuing dental education (92.1%), searching new work opportunities (91.5%), promoting health (90.1%), working with colleagues and other health professionals (91.2%), promoting their professional services (90.6%), and for resolving clinical cases (87.7%). On the subject of barriers, privacy and security concerns about personal and/or patient information was the biggest concern among dentists (65%), followed by lack of time to learn how to use and/or use ICTs (48%), lack of mobile internet access (28.1%), and lack of internet access at work (24.9%). Conclusion: In our study, we found that Ecuadorian dentists had a high usage rate of ICTs, mainly for communicating with other colleagues and patients, while the academic use of technology remains a comparatively underused application. Most participants had a positive perception towards ICTs, while privacy and security concerns were identified as the main barrier. Older age was associated with a less favourable perception as well as an increased likelihood of reporting barriers related to the use of technology.
Factors affecting tracheostomy in critically ill paediatric patients in Japan: a data-based analysis
Authors: Ishihara Tadashi , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: There has been an increasing number of children surviving with high medical needs, for whom tracheostomy and/or home ventilation is part of their chronic disease management. The purpose of this study was to describe the indications, epidemiology, frequency, and associated factors for tracheostomy in critically ill paediatric patients using the data available in the Japanese Registry of Paediatric Acute Care (JaRPAC).METHODS: This multicentre epidemiologic study collected data concerning paediatric tracheostomy from the JaRPAC database. Patients were divided into two groups: those with or without tracheostomies when they were discharged from the ICU or PICU. Consecutive patients aged ≤ 16 years who did not undergo tracheostomy when admitted to ICU or PICU between April 2014 and March 2017 were included.RESULTS: A total of 23 hospitals participated, involving 6,199 paediatric patients registered in the JaRPAC database during the study period. Of the registered paediatric patients, 5,769 (95%) patients were admitted to the ICUs or PICUs without tracheostomies. Among the patients, 181 patients (3.1%) had undergone tracheostomies. There were significant differences in chronic conditions (134, 74.0% versus 3096, 55.4%, p < 0.01), chromosomal anomalies (19, 10.5% versus 326, 5.8%, p < 0.01), urgent admission (151, 83.4% versus 3093, 55.4%, p < 0.01). More tracheostomies were performed on patients who were admitted for respiratory failure (61, 33.7% versus 926, 16.1%, p < 0.01) and for post-cardiac pulmonary arrest (CPA) resuscitation (40, 22.1% versus 71, 1.1%, p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report to use a large-scale registry of critically ill paediatric patients in Japan to describe the interrelated factors of tracheostomies. Chronic conditions (especially for neuromuscular disease), chromosomal anomaly, urgent admission, admission due to respiratory failure, or treatment for post-CPA resuscitation all had the possibility to be risk factors for tracheostomy.
Ice accommodation in plant tissues pinpointed by cryo-microscopy in reflected-polarised-light
Authors: Stegner Matthias , Wagner Johanna , Neuner Gilbert 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Freezing resistant plant organs are capable to manage ice formation, ice propagation, and ice accommodation down to variable temperature limits without damage. Insights in ice management strategies are essential for the fundamental understanding of plant freezing and frost survival. However, knowledge about ice management is scarce. Ice crystal localization inside plant tissues is challenging and is mainly based on optical appearance of ice in terms of colour and shape, investigated by microscopic methods. Notwithstanding, there are major uncertainties regarding the reliability and accuracy of ice identification and localisation. Surface light reflections, which can originate from water or resin, even at non-freezing temperatures, can have a similar appearance as ice. We applied the principle of birefringence, which is a property of ice but not of liquid water, in reflected-light microscopy to localise ice crystals in frozen plant tissues in an unambiguous manner. Results In reflected-light microscopy, water was clearly visible, while ice was more difficult to identify. With the presented polarised cryo-microscopic system, water, including surface light reflections, became invisible, whereas ice crystals showed a bright and shiny appearance. Based on this, we were able to detect loci where ice crystals are accommodated in frozen and viable plant tissues. In Buxus sempervirens leaves, large ice needles occupied and expanded the space between the adaxial and abaxial leaf tissues. In Galanthus nivalis leaves, air-filled cavities became filled up with ice. Buds of Picea abies managed ice in a cavity at the bud basis and between bud scales. By observing the shape and attachment point of the ice crystals, it was possible to identify tissue fractions that segregate intracellular water towards the aggregating ice crystals. Conclusion Cryo-microscopy in reflected-polarised-light allowed a robust identification of ice crystals in frozen plant tissue. It distinguishes itself, compared with other methods, by its ease of ice identification, time and cost efficiency and the possibility for high throughput. Profound knowledge about ice management strategies, within the whole range of freezing resistance capacities in the plant kingdom, might be the link to applied science for creating arrangements to avoid future frost damage to crops.