bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Household Food Insecurity With Food and Nutrition Literacy Among Children in Mashhad, Iran: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rouz Fateme Khorram , Doustmohammadian Azam , Eslami Omid , Khadem-Rezaiyan Majid , Pourmohammadi Parisa , Amini Maryam , Khosravi Maryam 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between household food insecurity (HFI) with food and nutrition literacy (FNLIT) in a sample of Iranian children. This cross sectional study was performed on 315 children aged 9 to 12 years recruited from the primary schools throughout Mashhad, Iran.The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) was used to assess the HFI. Also, overall FNLIT score and its sub-categories were evaluated using a validated 40-item questionnaire.Results The prevalence of HFI in the total sample was about 56 %. Also, almost 14 % of students had a low FNLIT score. HFI was inversely associated with overall FNLIT score (β= - 0.12, p= 0.006), as well as nutritional health knowledge (β= - 0.08, p=0.01), and food label literacy (β= - 0.15, p< 0.001). Furthermore, food-insecure children had a higher likelihood of having low FNLIT score (OR = 2.89, CI: 1.03-8.09; p = 0.04) than the food-secure subjects. In conclusion, there is a negative association between HFI and FNLIT in children. Further studies to confirm this finding are needed.
Endobronchial Metastasis Of Ovarian Cancer: A Case Report And Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Dong Rui , Yang Li , Jia Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Metastasis to the endobronchial from primary ovarian carcinoma (OC) is very rare. To enhance our understanding of this disease, we report a case of endobronchial metastasis from primary OC and review the literature. Case presentation: This is a case report and retrospective analysis of bronchial tumor patient secondary form primary OC. The patient was a 51-year-old woman who presented intermittent cough and expectoration for 3 month, and suffocating pneumonia for 3 weeks. Multiple nodular masses at the right upper lobe and thickening soft tissue with surrounding invasion of bronchi at the left upper lobe were found. The chest X ray scan demonstrated that enlarged right and left upper hilar, spreading mediastinum, elevated right septum were observed. Bronchoscopy showed that stenosis of the opening of right main bronchus and apical, middle and posterior segmental bronchi at right lobe was identified and the opening of left main bronchus was almost completely blocked by some visible neoplasm. The pathological result indicated that the disease was bronchial tumor derived from primary OC. Until now, only 12 cases were reported. The latent period ranged from 2 months to 21 years and the overall survival time ranged from 1.5 months to 5.5 years. Conclusions: The endobronchial is one of metastasis site of OC. The latent period of the disease is long and after active treatment, good prognosis can be acquired. This is the first study on endobronchial metastasis from primary OC, in China.
Burn Ointment Promoted Cutaneous Wound for Burns and Scalds by Modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Gan Da li , Yao Yan , Su Qi yuan , Yang Su qin , Wu Li , Su Han wen , xiang mei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Burn injury is common, burn ointment (BO) is a common preparation used to treat burns and scalds in folk as an effective remedy for burn healing. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the healing effect and related underlying mechanisms of BO in a model of deep second-degree thermal burn by animal experiments. Methods: BO is was made up of a combination of extracts from several traditional Chinese medicine and borneol, solid paraffin, rapeseed oil, and and its quality control was assessed. The acute toxicity test and skin irritation test were evaluated by rats. The anti-inflammatory effect was revealed by using inflammation animal models, including the xylene-induced auricle swelling in mice and carrageenan-induced toe swelling in rats. The hot plate test was used to evaluate its analgesic activity. Moreover, the experiments of knife and a deep second-degree burn wound were used to explore the effect of BO in promoting wound healing. On days 7, 14 and 28, the wounds were digitally photographed by a camera and after sacrifice of the SD rats, skin samples were obtained for performing H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining and Western Blotting examination. In addition, The expressed of TNF-α, TGF-β1 and VEGF in serum were detected by ELISA kits. Results: BO had no toxicity or side effects on the skin and liver or kidney function. BO could significantly inhibit auricular swelling in mice, paw welling in rats and markedly prolonged the latencies of licking paws in mice; it also could accelerate the process of wound healing and repair scar by promoting the formation of new epithelial tissue. In addition, BO significantly reduced the content of TNF-α and markedly increased the content of VEGF and TGF-β1 in the serum. Moreover, BO promoted the expression of collagen I. Furthermore, it increased the ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR in the PI3K / AKT / mTOR pathway.Conclusions: BO could effectively reduce inflammation and pain, and effectively accelerate the healing process of deep second-degree burn wounds. And the mechanism of BO promoting wound healing may be related to activate PI3K / AKT / mTOR pathway. therefore, it may be recommended as a promising topical medication for treating burn wounds in the future clinical trials.
Machine Learning Classification of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients and Healthy Controls Using Multiple Indices of Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Authors: Abdelrahman Hiba Abuelgasim Fadlelmoula , Ubukata Shiho , Ueda Keita , Fujimoto Gaku , Oishi Naoya , Aso Toshihiko , Murai Toshiya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices provide quantitative measures of white matter microstructural changes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, there is still insufficient evidence for their use as predictive measures. Recently, there has been growing interest in using machine learning (ML) approaches to aid the diagnosis of many neurological and psychiatric illnesses including TBI. The aim of this study is to examine the potential of using multiple DTI indices in conjunction with ML to automate the classification of healthy subjects and patients with TBI across a spectrum of TBI severity.Methods: Participants were adult patients with chronic TBI (n=26) and age and gender-matched healthy controls (n=26). DTI images were obtained from all the participants. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis was applied to the DTI images. Classification models were built using principle component analysis (PCA) and support vector machines (SVM). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the classification performance of the different classifiers.Results: The whole-brain white matter TBSS analyses showed significantly decreased FA, as well as increased MD, AD, and RD in TBI patients compared with healthy controls (all p-value < 0.01). The PCA and SVM-based ML classification using combined DTI indices classified TBI patients and healthy controls with the accuracy of 90.5% with an area under the curve (AUC) of 93 +/- 0.09.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of a joint DTI and ML approach for objective classification of TBI patients and healthy controls.
Clostridium acetobutylicum bacterial membrane responses to carbon ion beam irradiation perturbations
Authors: Gao Yue , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Miaomiao , Liu Yajun , Guo Xiaopeng , Lei Cairong , Li Wenjian , Lu Dong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Clostridium acetobutylicum is an important strain during acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. However, butanol has toxic effects on cells, limiting the application of ABE fermentation. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to elucidate the metabolic mechanisms through which Clostridium adapts to butanol stress to facilitate the industrial utilization of Clostridium.
Results

First, using cell morphology, cell membrane permeability and membrane potential, cell surface hydrophobicity, and cell membrane fatty acid composition analyses in wild-type (ATCC 824) and butanol-tolerant (Y217) strains under butanol stress, we explored the responses in the cell membrane to evaluate the damage caused by butanol poisoning. After 2.0% (v/v) butanol treatment, the extracellular conductivity of ATCC 824 increased, intracellular proteins and nucleotides were released in large quantities, the fluorescein diacetate staining rate decreased, the membrane potential decreased, and the cell membrane permeability increased. Under butanol shock, the cell surface of Y217 cells remained intact, and its butanol tolerance mechanism increased the integrity of cell membrane and reduced leakage of cell contents caused by changed in cell membrane permeability, thereby preventing butanol damage to the cell membrane. When stimulated with butanol, Y217 cells showed reduced surface hydrophobicity, thereby improving cellular tolerance to butanol. A comparison of differences in fatty acid compositions between ATCC 824 and Y217 cell membranes under butanol stress further demonstrated that maintenance of the normal physiological characteristics of cell membranes played important roles in resisting the impact of organic solvents.
Conclusions

Our findings clarified the changes in physiological and biochemical characteristics of the mutant Y217 cell membrane stimulated with butanol to enhance its tolerance. These results may provide important theoretical guidance for further accelerating the acquisition of bacteria with high butanol tolerance and promoting butanol production. Moreover, our study provided a scientific basis for improving the industrial and environmental adaptability of Clostridium.
Fracture Electric Field: A Synthetic Model for Seismogenic Process and its Relationship with Preseismic Electric Anomalies and Earthquakes
Authors: Chen Zhen , Chen Guo-neng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Unobservability of the seismogenic process in a causative fault that makes earthquake (EQ) prediction difficult. Although the relationship between the preseismic electric anomaly (PSEA) and the mainshock indicates that both the PSEA and EQ may originate from same course proceeding in the seismogenic zone, as evidenced by experiments on stressed granite, geological interpretation of those observations, and experiments was limited by the traditional granite formation theory. Based on new information from studies of granite genesis and geotransects, we present a synthetic model, the fracture electric field (FEF), to elucidate the seismogenic process on a causative fault and its logical linkage with the PSEA and EQ. The model is constrained with various data from the 1975 Haicheng EQ and verified by survey data from an FEF monitor station constructed in 2012 in Guangzhou, China. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) An uneven or undulant fault-plane is the prerequisite for stress-accumulation in the locality of the plane to form a seismogenic zone;(2) The position of the continental seismic layer corresponds to that of the crustal granite layer, suggesting that the seismogenic process of any causative fault in continents may produce the PSEA;(3) A normal FEF exists in a causative fault and can be measured beyond the preseismic situation. Thus, it is possible to detect the seismogenic process of a fracture through monitoring the variation of its FEF when the fracture enters a preseismic situation.
In vitro inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by commonly used disinfection products and methods
Authors: xiling Guo , Yin Chen , Ling Wang , xiaosong Wu , jingjing Fan , fang Li , xiaoyan Zeng , yiyue Ge , ying Chi , lunbiao Cui , liubo Zhang , Hong Sun , Yan Xu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is currently a global pandemic, and there is a lack of laboratory studies targeting pathogen resistance.Objective To investigate the effect of selected disinfection products and methods on the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2.Methods We used quantitative suspension testing to evaluate the effectiveness of the disinfectant/method.Results Available chlorine of 250 mg/L, 500 mg/L, and 1000 mg/L required 20 min, 5 min, and 0.5 min to efficiently inactivate SARS-CoV-2, respectively. A 600-fold dilution of 17% concentration of di-N-decyldimethylammonium bromide (283 mg/L) and the same concentration of di-N-decyldimethylammonium chloride required only 0.5 min to efficiently inactivate the virus. Ethanol, at 30% concentration for 1 min, and 40% and above for 0.5 min, could efficiently inactivate SARS-CoV-2. Heat takes approximate 30 min at 56°C, or 10 min above 70°C, or 5 min above 90°C to inactivate the virus.Conclusions The chlorinated disinfectants, Di-N-decyldimethylammonium bromide / chloride, ethanol, and heat were effective in inactivating SARS-CoV-2. The response of SARS-CoV-2 to disinfectants is very similar to that of SARS-CoV.
Inhibition of circRNA circVPS33B reduces cell malignant behaviors and Warburg effect through regulation of the miR-873-5p/HNRNPK axis in infiltrative gastric cancer
Authors: Lu Yizhuo , Cheng Jia , Cai Wangyu , Zhuo Huiqin , Wu Guoyang , Cai Jianchun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Circular RNA VPS33B (circVPS33B) is upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) tissues. However, the role of circVPS33B in infiltrative GC is indistinct.
Methods

Expression of circVPS33B, miR-873-5p, and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (HNRNPK) mRNA was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of infiltrative GC cells (XGC-1) were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT), plate clone, wound healing, or transwell assays. Several protein levels were examined by western blotting. The extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of XGC-1 cells were evaluated by XF96 extracellular flux analyzer. Glucose uptake and lactate production were analyzed by glycolysis assay. The relationship between circVPS33B or HNRNPK and miR-873-5p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and/or RNA pull-down assays. In vivo tumorigenesis assay was executed for verifying the in vitro results.
Results

CircVPS33B and HNRNPK were upregulated while miR-873-5p was downregulated in infiltrative GC tissues and XGC-1 cells. CircVPS33B silencing decreased tumor growth in vivo and inhibited proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and Warburg effect of XGC-1 cells in vitro. CircVPS33B regulated HNRNPK expression via sponging miR-873-5p. The inhibitory influence of circVPS33B knockdown on the malignancy and Warburg effect of XGC-1 cells was overturned by miR-873-5p inhibitor. HNRNPK overexpression reversed the repression of the malignancy and Warburg effect of XGC-1 cells caused by miR-873-5p mimic.
Conclusions

CircVPS33B accelerated infiltrative GC progression through regulating the miR-873-5p/HNRNPK axis, manifesting that circVPS33B might be a promising target for infiltrative GC treatment.
Urinary Retention Following General Anesthesia for Endoscopic Nasal Surgery in Men Aged Over 60 Years: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Lee Yong Won , Kim Bum Sik , Chung Jihyun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) after anesthesia and surgery is influenced by many factors, and its reported incidence rate varies widely. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and risk factors for urinary retention following general anesthesia for endoscopic nasal surgery in male patients aged over 60 years. Methods: Retrospective review of medical records between January 2015 and December 2019 identified 253 subjects for inclusion in our study. Age, body mass index, history of diabetes/hypertension, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, and urologic history were included as patient-related factors. Urologic history was subdivided into three groups according to history of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)/lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and current medication. The following were analyzed as perioperative variables for the development of POUR: duration of anesthesia and surgery; amount of fluid administered; rate of fluid administration; intraoperative requirement for fentanyl, ephedrine, and dexamethasone; postoperative pain; and analgesic use. Preoperatively measured prostate size and uroflowmetry parameters of patients on medication for symptoms were compared according to the incidence of urinary retention.Results: Thirty-seven patients (15.7%) had urinary retention requiring catheterization. Among analyzed variables, only urologic history was identified as a predisposing factor. The incidence rate among patients without urologic issues was 5.9%. This compared to 19.8% among patients with a history of BPH/LUTS, which was not reduced by taking medical treatment. Among patients taking medication for symptoms, the maximal and average velocity of urine flow were significantly lower in subjects with POUR. Conclusions: General anesthesia for endoscopic nasal surgery is a potent trigger of urinary retention in male patients aged over 60 years. The urological history of the patient was the most important risk factor, and the occurrence of POUR appears to be affected by urinary conditions. The present study is helpful in understanding the occurrence of POUR following general anesthesia in elderly male patients.
Tibial Spurs (Pes Anserinus Bony Spurs) in Children and Adolescents: A Case Series of 21 Patients
Authors: Matsunobu Tomoya , Maekawa Akira , Fukushima Suguru , Nabeshima Akira , Iwamoto Yukihide 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Icicle-like bony spurs that originate from the proximal medial surface of the tibia in young persons have been referred to by various names in the literature. This tibial spur, called pes anserinus bony spurs (PABSs), can present as exostoses, but lacks a cartilage cap which is characteristic feature of osteochondroma. To date, there are only two small case series about the tibial spur, and little information is available. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of PABSs in children and adolescents. Methods: This retrospective study analysed patients diagnosed with PABSs on an orthopaedic oncology service from 2013 to 2020. Additionally, in order to estimate the prevalence of PABSs in children and adolescents, we retrospectively reviewed knee X-rays of patients who visited our hospital for other reasons from 2008 to 2020.Results: Thirteen male and 8 female patients with PABSs, with a mean age of 11.7 years, were evaluated. Bilateral spurs were observed in 7 of the 21 patients. Among 28 PABSs in 21 patients, 6 were incidentally identified. Radiological evaluation showed that the average PABS length was 10.6 mm. There was a statistically significant difference in the spur length between incidentally detected PABSs and symptomatic PABSs at the first visit. The prevalence rate of PABSs among children and adolescents was 0.94%. Computed tomography examinations showed that no PABSs occurred at the site of the tendinous insertion of the pes anserinus. Surgical resection was performed in only 2 patients, both of whom were high-performing athletes.Conclusions: This is the first study to describe the clinical and radiological features of PABSs in detail and to report their prevalence in children and adolescents. Although longer PABSs are symptomatic, most PABSs are non-problematic and surgical resection of PABSs should be considered only if pain persists despite conservative treatment.
Machine Learning Dimensionality Reduction Showed Marginal Performance Benefit Over Stepwise Regression for Risk Stratification of Chest Pain Patients in the Emergency Department
Authors: Liu Nan , Chee Marcel Lucas , Koh Zhi Xiong , Leow Su Li , Ho Andrew Fu Wah , Guo Dagang , Ong Marcus Eng Hock 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Chest pain is among the most common presenting complaints in the emergency department (ED). Swift and accurate risk stratification of chest pain patients in the ED may improve patient outcomes and reduce unnecessary costs. Traditional logistic regression with stepwise variable selection has been used to build risk prediction models for ED chest pain patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate if machine learning dimensionality reduction methods can achieve superior performance than the stepwise approach in deriving risk stratification models. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of patients >20 years old who presented to the ED of Singapore General Hospital with chest pain between September 2010 and July 2015. Variables used included demographics, medical history, laboratory findings, heart rate variability (HRV), and HRnV parameters calculated from five to six-minute electrocardiograms (ECGs). The primary outcome was 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACE), which included death, acute myocardial infarction, and revascularization. Candidate variables identified using univariable analysis were then used to generate the stepwise logistic regression model and eight machine learning dimensionality reduction prediction models. A separate set of models was derived by excluding troponin. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration analysis was used to compare model performance.Results: 795 patients were included in the analysis, of which 247 (31%) met the primary outcome of 30-day MACE. Patients with MACE were older and more likely to be male. All eight dimensionality reduction methods marginally but non-significantly outperformed stepwise variable selection; The multidimensional scaling algorithm performed the best with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.901. All HRnV-based models generated in this study outperformed several existing clinical scores in ROC analysis.Conclusions: HRnV-based models using stepwise logistic regression performed better than existing chest pain scores for predicting MACE, with only marginal improvements using machine learning dimensionality reduction. Moreover, traditional stepwise approach benefits from model transparency and interpretability; in comparison, machine learning dimensionality reduction models are black boxes, making them difficult to explain in clinical practice.