bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Menelaah Perkembangan Kajian Hisab Rukyah di Indonesia
Authors: Zulhadi Heri 
Published: July 2020

Abstract Hisab and rukyah are two methods of study used by Muslims to determine the start time of prayer, fasting, hajj and so forth. Periodesasi hisab rukyah, at a glance must have imagined what is meant by hisab rukyah. In the discourse about the Hijri calendar known by the term hisab and rukyah. Hisab is a calendar calculation system based on the average circulation of the moon that surrounds the earth and is conventionally defined. This reckoning system began since the establishment of Caliph Umar ibn Khattab ra (17H) as a reference for composing an enduring Islamic calendar. Another opinion says that this calendar system started in 16 H or 18 H, but the more popular is the year 17 H. While Rukyah is seeing the hilal directly with the naked eye or with the help of tools such as telescopes or other tools that support to see the new moon every end of Qamariyah month. The word rukyah is more famous as rukyatul hilalyaitu see moon. In this study, the author will describe a little about the history of hisab and rukyah in the period of prophets, companions, tabi'in, mid to modern period today. In this study, the scope of hisab rukya includes prayer times, Qibla direction, the beginning of Qamariyah month, eclipse and hijri calendar. Keyword: Hisab, Rukyah.
POSISI MATAHARI DALAM MENENTUKAN WAKTU SHALAT MENURUT DALIL SYAR’I
Authors: ZAINUDDIN ZAINUDDIN 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAKSecara astronomis, yang menjadi patokan untuk menentukan awal dan akhirnya waktu salat adalah letak posisi matahari dalam perjalanan semu di sekitaran Ekliptika. Awal waktu salat Zuhur yaitu pada saat posisi matahari berada di titik 0o derajat atau berada tepat di garis meridian langit. Masuknya awal waktu Asar dimulai saat posisi matahari berada di titik 51o derajat, terhitung dari garis meridian langit. Masuknya awal waktu Magrib dimulai pada saat posisi matahari -01o derajat dibawah ufuk bagian barat atau 91o derajat dari garis meridian. Sedangkan, masuknya awal waktu salat Isya dimulai pada saat posisi matahari -18o derajat di bawah ufuk barat atau 108o derajat dari garis meridian. Dan awal waktu Subuh dimulai pada saat posisi matahari berada di titik -20o derajat di bawah ufuk timur atau 110o derajat dari garis meridian. Dalam Hukum Islam masuknya waktu salat ditandai dengan hal-hal sebagai berikut, salat Zuhur dimulai saat matahari tergelincir hingga bayangan suatu benda sama panjangnya dengan benda tersebut. Waktu salat Asar dimulai saat berakhirnya waktu Zuhur yakni, bayangan suatu benda melebihi bendanya sedikit sampai sempurna terbenamnya piringan Matahari. Waktu salat Magrib dimulai saat terbenamnya Matahari sampai hilang mega merah. Waktu salat Isya dimulai saat telah hilang mega merah sampai terbit fajar kedua, yakni fajar shadiq. Waktu salat Subuh dimulai ketika tampak fajar kedua, sampai terbit bagian atas piringan Matahari.Keyword : Matahari, Waktu salat dan dalil syar’i
OPTIMALISASI KEANDALAN SISTEM PROTEKSI FEEDER DENGAN RELAY PENUTUP BALIK (AUTO RECLOSER) PADA GARDU INDUK TELLO
Authors: AMIRUDDIN AMIRUDDIN , HASYIM MUHAMMAD 
Published: July 2020

Seiring sejalan dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan jumlah penduduk, kebutuhan energi listrik semakin besar pula. Apalagi dengan pesatnya pertumbuhan industri dan semakin beragamnya peralatan konsumen yang menggunakan tenaga listrik. Semakin berkembang sistem tenaga listrik dapat mengakibatkan lemahnya performansi system peralatan tenaga listrik ketika mengalami gangguan. Objek penelitian ini adalah bekerjanya relay penutup balik (auto recloser) tiga fasa diakibatkan oleh gangguan pada gardu induk di PLN Sektor Tello dalam jangka periode Juni 2018 – Mei 2019. Adapuncara atau teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah teknik analisis deskriptif, yaitu mendeskripsikan data dengan memanfaatkan table jumlah gangguan dan lama waktu gangguan guna memutuskan keandalan sistem proteksi feeder relay penutup balik (auto recloser). Total daya yang tidak tersalur diakibatkan oleh gangguan pada feeder yang tidak memakai auto recloser yaitu 58 kali gangguan dengan jumlah waktu pemutusan atau pemadaman 0,94 jam. rata-rata beban feeder yang tidak menggunkan auto recloser adalah 63 Ampere, sedangkan jumlah daya yang tidak tersalur karena akibat gangguan pada feeder yang menggunakan auto recloser yaitu 146 kali gangguan dengan jumlah waktu pemadaman 2,45 jam Kata Kunci: Analisis. relay penutup balik. Kehandalan
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA A* PADA GAME EDUKASI PUZZLE TENTANG JENIS PERAHU TRADISIONAL BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: JUMARLIS MILA 
Published: July 2020

Puzzle merupakan permainan mengatur gambar, dimana gambar yang terhambur, dicoba disusun dan dihubungkan kembali menjadi sebuah gambar/view yang utuh dan bermakna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang perahu-perahuyang ada di Sulawesi Selatan agar dapat mwemberikan wawasan kepada masyarakat. Algoritma yang digunakan dalam menyelesaiakan permasalahan tersebut adalah A Star. Untuk desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah UML(Unifeid Modeling Language) yang terdiri dari Ussecase Diagram, Activitya diagram, Sequence Diaghram, Java dan Adobe Flash Professiona adalah Bahasa Pemrograman yang digunakan pada sistem ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa game edukasi ini memberikan manfaat dan kemudahan dalam belajar mengenal jenis-jenis perahu yang ada di sulawesi selatan, maka pembelajaran tentang perahu di Sulawesi Selatan jadi lebih efektif dan lebih objektif dan dengan menggunakan metode A Star akan mengacak objek dan kuis yang ada pada dame puzzle tersebut sehingga lebih menarik bermain puzzle. Kata Kunci: A Star, Edukasi, Puzzle,Perahu
PEMANFAATAN KODE QR PADA PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN DAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PADA RESTORAN
Authors: FAISAL FAISAL , FAUZAN ANAS MUHAMMAD AZMI 
Published: July 2020

Kode QR merupakan sebuah system yang menggunkan kode gambar dua deimensi yang juga berasal dari evolusi Barcode. Penggunaan kode QR sudah sangat lazim di berbagai negara. Hal ini dikarenakan kemampuannya menyimpan data yang lebih besat daripada barcode sehingga mampu mengkodekan informasi dalam berbagai macam Bahasa. Kode QR menggunakan suatu jenis kode matriks atau kode dalam bentuk dua dimensi yang dikembangkan oleh Denso Wave. Dalam penelitian ini, jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif adapun metode kualitatif. Adapun metode perancangannya menggunakan unified modelling languange (UML). Analisis yang dilakukan mencakup analisis sistem yang berjalan dan analisis sistem yang diusulkan, Hasil penelitian ini berupa aplikasi berbasis android yang dapat memudahkan system pemesanan dan pelayanan pada restoran dengan menggunkan bantuan teknologi kode QR. Kata Kunci : QR code, Android, Reservasi
Interreligious Tolerance in the Perception of Maluku Muslim Society
Authors: Amri Muhammad , Mosiba Risna , Bin-Tahir Saidna Zulfiqar 
Published: July 2020

All religions teach peace and welfare to their adherents through tolerance. The religious teaching, however, can also be the trigger of interreligious conflicts as it happened in Ambon in 1999-2011. This study aims at determining whether or not the knowledge, education level, perception, and attitudes of the Ambones’ Muslim community affect the interreligious tolerance in Ambon. This research employed quantitative research using survey design. The sample of the study consisted of 100 Muslims in Ambon city. The data have been collected through a questionnaire distributed, and they have been analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the SPSS program. The results found that the knowledge, level of education, perception, and attitude of the Ambones’ Muslim community collectively had a positive impact on the interreligious tolerance amongst the Ambones’ community. However, this perception has no significant effect on tolerance partially. The results of this study contributed to prevent and manage further unpredictable of interreligious conflict in the city of Ambon, Maluku. الملخصتعلم جميع الأديان السلام والازدهار للمعتندين من خلال التسامح. ومع ذلك ، يمكن أن تكون التعاليم الدينية أيضًا محفزًا للصراع بين الأديان كما حدث في أمبون في 1999-2011. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد ما إذا كانت المعرفة ، ومستوى التعليم ، وتصورات ومواقف المجتمع المسلم في أمبون تؤثر على التسامح بين الأديان في مالوكو. يستخدم هذا البحث البحث الكمي باستخدام تصميم المسح. تكونت عينة البحث من 100 مسلم في مدينة أمبون. تم جمع البيانات من خلال استبيان وتحليلها وصفيًا واستنتاجيًا باستخدام SPSS 19. ووجدت نتائج الدراسة أن معرفة ومستوى التعليم والإدراك وموقف المجتمع الإسلامي في أمبون بشكل جماعي كان لها تأثير إيجابي على التسامح بين الأديان بين شعب أمبون. ومع ذلك ، ليس لهذا التصور تأثير كبير على التسامح الجزئي. تساهم نتائج هذه الدراسة في منع وإدارة الصراع بين الأديان الذي لا يمكن توقعه أكثر في مدينة أمبون ، مالوكو.الكلمات المفتاحية: التصور ، مسلمو مالوكو ، الموقف ، التسامح بين الأديان AbstrakSemua agama mengajarkan perdamaian dan kesejahteraan bagi penganutnya melalui toleransi. Namun, ajaran agama juga bisa menjadi pemicu konflik antaragama seperti yang terjadi di Ambon pada 1999-2011. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menentukan apakah pengetahuan, tingkat pendidikan, persepsi, dan sikap komunitas Muslim Ambon mempengaruhi toleransi antaragama di Maluku. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain survei. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 100 Muslim di kota Ambon. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan program SPSS 19. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pengetahuan, tingkat pendidikan, persepsi, dan sikap komunitas Muslim Ambon secara kolektif memiliki dampak positif pada toleransi antaragama di antara masyarakat Ambon. Namun, persepsi ini tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap toleransi secara parsial. Hasil dari penelitian ini berkontribusi untuk mencegah dan mengelola konflik antaragama yang tidak dapat diprediksi lebih lanjut di kota Ambon, Maluku.
On the Borel Classes of Set-Valued Maps of Two Variables
Authors: Holá Ľubica , Kwiecińska Grażyna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Using the Borel classification of set-valued maps, we present here some new results on set-valued maps which are similar to some of the well known theorems on functions due to Lebesgue and Kuratowski. We consider set-valued maps of two variables in perfectly normal topological spaces. It was proved in [11] that a set-valued map lower semicontinuous (i.e. of lower Borel class 0) in the first and upper semicontinuous (i.e. of upper Borel class 0) in the second variable is of upper Borel class 1 and also (with stronger assumptions) of lower Borel class 1. This result cannot be generalized into higher Borel classes. In this paper we show that a set-valued map of the upper (resp. lower) Borel class α in the first and lower semicontinuous and upper quasicontinuous (upper semicontinuous and lower quasicontinuous) in the second variable is of the lower (resp. upper) Borel class α + 1. Also other cases are considered.
Establishing Standard Protocols for Bacterial Culture in Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) Hardware
Authors: Fajardo-Cavazos Patricia , Nicholson Wayne L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The NASA GeneLab Data System (GLDS) was recently developed to facilitate cross-experiment comparisons in order to understand the response of microorganisms to the human spaceflight environment. However, prior spaceflight experiments have been conducted using a wide variety of different hardware, media, culture conditions, and procedures. Such confounding factors could potentially mask true differences in gene expression between spaceflight and ground control samples. In an attempt to mitigate such confounding factors, we describe here the development of a standardized set of hardware, media, and protocols for liquid cultivation of microbes in Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) spaceflight hardware, using the model bacteria Bacillus subtilis strain 168 and Staphylococcus aureus strain UAMS-1 as examples.
Lower Leg Anatomical Correlates to Performance and Metabolism from Flywheel-based Exercise
Authors: Perry Rachel A. , Martin Jake L. , Vickers Samantha D. , Cesarz Greta M. , Bai Ling , Selimovic Ema A. , Muntis Frank , Parmar Prashant J. , Caruso John F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Lower leg exercises are impacted by the anatomy of the triceps surae-Achilles tendon complex. Such exercises may utilize series elastic energy (SEE), temporarily stored within the Achilles tendon, to augment forces exerted by the triceps surae. While SEE's contribution to bipedal jumping and walking have been assessed, other lower leg exercises yet to receive similar scrutiny include seated calf presses done on flywheel-based hardware. Current subjects did two identical calf press workouts on a flywheel ergometer. The following three variables were obtained from workouts–the total work (TW) performed, net energy costs, and peak blood lactate concentration ([BLa−]). With multivariate regression, four variables correlated with each criterion measures’ variance–lower leg length (LLL) and cross-sectional area (CSA), as well as the lengths of the triceps surae (ML) and Achilles tendon (ATL). Our predictor variables correlated to significant amounts of TW and net energy cost, but not [BLa−] variance. Univariate matrices showed CSA was the best overall predictor for our criterion measures, while ML and ATL were generally weaker correlates. ATL did not have as great an impact as with other lower leg exercises; likely because the slow rate of ankle joint movement greatly limited SEE activity. The limited degree of foot support for ergometer repetitions was also a factor that likely weakened ATL's impact as a correlate. More research on anatomy's impact on this novel form of exercise is warranted.
Chronic Exposure to Altered Gravity During the Pregnancy-to-Lactation Transition Affects Abundance of Cytoskeletal Proteins in the Rat Mammary Gland
Authors: Alula Kibrom M. , Resau James H. , Patel Osman V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The mammogenic, lactogenic, and lactopoetic effects of prolactin (PRL) in the mammary gland are mediated through a specific cytokine receptor, the PRL-receptor (PRLR). PRLR is anchored to the cytoskeleton and its activation, and subsequent signal transduction, is dependent on an integral/intact cytoskeletal organization. Previous studies revealed a down-regulation of PRLR and reduced metabolic output in the mammary gland of rats exposed to hypergravity (HG). Therefore, the objective of this study was to use quantitative immunohistochemistry to determine the effects of HG exposure during pregnancy on the pre- and postpartum abundance of the cytoskeletal proteins in the rat mammary gland. Pregnant rats were exposed to either 2xg [HG] or 1xg [Stationary control (SC)] from days 11 to 20 of gestation (G20) through postpartum days 1 (P1) and 3 (P3). Spectral characterization and quantitation of each antigen (actin, tubulin, cytokeratin, and vimentin) per lobule (n=3–7 lobules/micrograph; 4 micrographs/slide) was computed using the CRi Nuance multispectral system. At G20 and P3, increased (p<0.001) amounts of actin, tubulin, cytokeratin, and vimentin were detected in HG rats. Tubulin, cytokeratin, and vimentin were overexpressed (p<0.01) in HG group compared to SC at P1. These results suggest that atypical composition of cytoskeletal proteins contribute to the aberrant lactogenic signal transduction and associated reduced postpartum mammary metabolic output in rats exposed to altered inertial environment.
Approaches for Surveying Cosmic Radiation Damage in Large Populations of Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds – Antarctic Balloons and Particle Beams
Authors: Califar Brandon , Tucker Rachel , Cromie Juliana , Sng Natasha , Austin Schmitz R. , Callaham Jordan A. , Barbazuk Bradley , Paul Anna-Lisa , Ferl Robert J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Cosmic Ray Exposure Sequencing Science (CRESS) payload system was a proof of concept experiment to assess the genomic impact of space radiation on seeds. CRESS was designed as a secondary payload for the December 2016 high-altitude, long-duration south polar balloon flight carrying the Boron and Carbon Cosmic Rays in the Upper Stratosphere (BACCUS) experiment. Investigation of the biological effects of Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR), particularly those of ions with High-Z and Energy (HZE), was of interest due to the genomic damage this type of radiation inflicts. The biological effects of radiation above Antarctica (ANT) were studied using Arabidopsis thaliana seeds and compared to a simulation of GCR at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and to laboratory control seeds. The CRESS payload was broadly designed to 1U CubeSat specifications (10 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm, ≤1.33 kg), maintained 1 atm internal pressure, and carried an internal cargo of 580,000 seeds and twelve CR-39 Solid-State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs). Exposed BNL and ANT M0 seeds showed significantly reduced germination rates and elevated somatic mutation rates when compared to non-irradiated controls, with the BNL mutation rate also being higher than that of ANT. Genomic DNA from plants presenting distinct aberrant phenotypes was evaluated with whole-genome sequencing using PacBio SMRT technology, which revealed an array of structural genome variants in the M0 and M1 plants. This study was the first whole-genome characterization of space-irradiated seeds and demonstrated both the efficiency and efficacy of Antarctic long-duration balloons for the study of space radiation effects on eukaryote genomes.
Does Oxygen Uptake Before Physical Exercise Affect Tear Osmolarity?
Authors: Wylęgała Adam , Pilch Jan , Bolek Bartłomiej , Sędziak-Marcinek Bogumiła , Wylęgała Edward 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Recently, it has been reported that tear osmolarity (Tosm) is correlated with plasma osmolarity and will increase during exertion. We aimed to assess whether inhaling oxygen-enriched air between exercises could significantly change the Tosm value. Thirty men aged 24.9 years were included in the study. A cycloergometer was used to perform the exercise protocol. We recorded the participants’ Tosm (mOsm/L), heart rate (HR, beats/minute), oxygen saturation, and blood pressure values. After the first exhaustive exercise (T1), participants inhaled oxygen in the experimental group and a placebo in the control group. After the second exercise (T2), another set of measurements was obtained. The Tosm value before exercise was 297.4 ± 1.21 and 296.53 ± 1.11 mOsm/L (p = 0.61718) and the HR was 72.6 ± 2.59 and 73 ± 2.59 beats/minute (p = 0.39949) in the study and the control group, respectively. At T1, Tosm was 303.67 ± 1.25 and 302.2 ± 1.25 mOsm/L (p = 0.41286) and the HR reached 178.04 ± 2.60 and 176.4 ± 2.60 beats/minute (p = 0.65832), respectively. At T2, Tosm in the study group reached 305.73 ± 0.86 mOsm/L (correlation with the use of oxygen: r = −0.3818), and in the control group, it was 308.4 ± 0.86 mOsm/L (p = 0.0373), while the HR reached 172.20 ± 2.53 beats/minute in the study group and 178.2 ± 2.53 beats/minute in the control group (p = 0.057). It was concluded that inhaling oxygen before and after exercise could increase the rate of recovery after exhaustive exercise.
A Finite Element Model for Estimation of Contact Dynamics During a Jumping Movement on a Trampoline
Authors: Qian Jingguang , Mao Yiling , Tang Xiao , Li Zhaoxia , Wen Chen , Zhang Songning 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In order to fully understand contact dynamics on a trampoline, a simulation approach using a musculoskeletal model coupled with a dynamic model of the trampoline is essential. The purpose of the study was to examine dynamics and selected lower extremity muscle forces in a landing and jumping movement on a trampoline, using a combination of finite element modeling and musculoskeletal modeling. The rigid frame of the trampoline was modeled in ADAMS and coupled with a finite element model of the elastic trampoline net surface in ANSYS. A musculoskeletal model of an elite trampoline athlete was further developed in LifeMod and combined with the finite element model of the trampoline. The results showed that the peak trampoline reaction forces (TRF) were 3400 N (6.6 BW) and 2900 N (5.6 BW) for the left and right limb, respectively. The right hip, knee and ankle joint reaction forces reached the maximum between 3000-4000 N (5.8 – 7.7 BW). The gluteus maximum and quadriceps reached the maximum muscle force of 380 N (0.7 BW) and 780 N (1.5 BW), respectively. Asymmetric loading patterns between left and right TRFs and lower extremities joint reaction forces were observed due to the need to generate the rotational movement during the takeoff. The observed rigid and erect body posture suggested that the hip and knee extensors played important roles in minimizing energy absorption and maximizing energy generation during the trampoline takeoff.
Kinematic Mobile Drop Jump Analysis at Different Heights Based on a Smartphone Inertial Sensor
Authors: Mateos-Angulo Alvaro , Galán-Mercant Alejandro , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio Ignacio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the acceleration variables in a plyometric jump test using the inertial sensor built into an iPhone 4S® smartphone, and the jumping variables from a contact mat. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 16 healthy young adults. Linear acceleration, flight time, contact time and jump height were measured in a drop jump test from 60 cm and from 30 cm. Greater acceleration values were found in the drop jump test from 60 cm; the same was observed for the values from the contact mat. Multiple regression analysis was performed for each drop jump test: jump height was used as the dependent variable, and the most relevant variables were used as predictor variables (weight and maximum angular velocity in the Y axis for analysis of the drop jump from 60 cm, and weight and maximum acceleration in the Z axis for the drop jump from 30 cm). We found a significant regression model for the drop jump test from 60 cm (R2 = 0.515, p “ 0.001) and for the test from 30 cm (R2 = 0.460, p “ 0.01). According to the results obtained in this study, the built-in iPhone 4S® inertial sensor is able to measure acceleration for healthy young adults performing a vertical drop jump test. The acceleration kinematic variables are higher in the drop jump test from 60 cm than from 30 cm.