bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mind–body interventions on stress management in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Guo Pingping , Zhang Xuehui , Liu Na , Wang Jie , Chen Dandan , Sun Weijia , LI Ping , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo quantify the effect of mind–body interventions on stress in pregnant women.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science and PsycINFO were searched from each database inception to January 2020.Review methodsRandomized controlled trials regarding mind–body interventions for stress in pregnant women were included. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration ‘Risk of Bias’ tool and meta‐analysis was performed via RevMan 5.3. Subgroup analysis and publication bias assessment were conducted. Post hoc sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the source of heterogeneity.ResultsIn total, 28 studies comprising 1944 participants were included. The overall meta‐analysis showed that antenatal stress of pregnant women in the mind–body interventions groups showed significant high improvements (SMD=−0.94; 95% CI [−1.25, −0.63];p < .00001) compared with the control groups. Results of subgroup analyses indicated that all types of mind–body interventions including mindfulness intervention, cognitive behavioural therapy, relaxation techniques and yoga were beneficial to antenatal stress. Both groups and individual formats mind–body interventions were effective. 4–8 weeks mind–body interventions were seemed as the optimal choice. Moreover, mind–body interventions were concomitant with reducing antenatal anxiety and depression.ConclusionMind–body interventions are promising approaches for stress reduction in pregnant women. Nevertheless, the results should be interpreted with caution because of high heterogeneity and publication bias. Further high‐quality studies are needed to verify the findings.ImpactMind–body interventions have been widely implemented to ameliorate antenatal stress, but conflicting results were found across studies. This systematic review and meta‐analysis suggested that mind–body interventions are relatively safe and convenient and can successfully promote antenatal stress. The suggestions proposed in this review may be useful for developing a scientific mind–body interventions regimen and encouraging the application of mind–body interventions in pregnant women, thereby managing antenatal stress effectively.
Pterostilbene enhances sorafenib’s anticancer effects on gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Wang Chun , Huo Xinying , He Ming‐Liang , Chen Jinfei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSorafenib has been approved for the treatment of certain cancers in clinic. However, the effects of sorafenib on gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) were still limited. This study aimed to evaluate both in vitro and in vivo efficacy of sorafenib in combination with pterostilbene (PTE) on the treatment of GAC. Here, the morphological changes and cell viability were recorded in both N87 and MKN45 cells. The cell cycle profile and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. Subcutaneous tumour xenografts were constructed in nude mice, and IHC staining of the dissected tumour tissues was conducted. Our results showed that PTE enhanced sorafenib's inhibitory effects on cell viability. The obvious down‐regulation of cyclin D1, Cdk‐2, Cdk‐4, Cdk‐6 and p62 and the up‐regulation of LC3II, caspase‐9, caspase‐3 and PARP cleavages were observed for the combination treatment with PTE and sorafenib than monotherapy. The combination treatment resulted in a higher level of cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and apoptosis than either drug. Besides, drug combination significantly enhanced the inhibition of tumour growth than sorafenib or PET alone in nude mice. The percentage of Ki‐67‐ and PCNA‐positive cells was distinctly reduced, and the apoptotic cells was obviously increased when compared with single drug therapy. Altogether, PET obviously enhanced sorafenib's antitumour effects against GAC through inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing autophagy and promoting apoptosis. The combination therapy with PET and sorafenib may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating GAC and deserve further clinical trials.
Environmental and morphological constraints interact to drive the evolution of communication signals in frogs
Authors: Muñoz Matías I. , Goutte Sandra , Ellers Jacintha , Halfwerk Wouter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAnimals show a rich diversity of signals and displays. Among the many selective forces driving the evolution of communication signals, one widely recognized factor is the structure of the environment where animals communicate. In particular, animals communicating by sounds often emit acoustic signals from specific locations, such as high up in the air, from the ground or in the water. The properties of these different display sites may impose different constraints on sound production, and therefore drive signal evolution. Here, we used comparative phylogenetic analyses to assess the relationship between calling site (aquatic versus nonaquatic), body size and call dominant frequency of 160 frog species from the families Ranidae, Leptodactylidae and Hylidae. We found that the frequency of frogs calling from the water was lower than that of species calling outside of the water, a trend that was consistent across the three families studied. Furthermore, phylogenetic path analysis revealed that call site had both direct and indirect effects on call frequency. Indirect effects were mediated by call site influencing male body size, which in turn was negatively associated with call frequency. Our results suggest that properties of display sites can drive signal evolution, most likely not only through morphological constraints imposed on the sound production mechanism, but also through changes in body size, highlighting the relevance of the interplay between morphological adaptation and signal evolution. Changes in display site may therefore have important evolutionary consequences, as it may influence sexual selection processes and ultimately may even promote speciation.
Impact of chronic constipation on health‐related quality of life and work productivity in Japan
Authors: Tomita Toshihiko , Kazumori Kiyoyasu , Baba Kenji , Zhao Xiahong , Chen Yirong , Miwa Hiroto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe impact of chronic constipation on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), work productivity, and healthcare resource use in Japan is not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the humanistic burden of respondents with chronic constipation to respondents without chronic constipation and to respondents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), respectively.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study collected demographic and general health data and HRQoL data as measured by the Short Form 12‐Item (Version 2) Health Survey and EuroQol 5‐dimension health surveys. Health impacts on employment‐related activities and indirect costs were measured using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire. Propensity score matching was used to identify a control group without chronic constipation. Multivariate generalized linear models were used to identify potential factors that may impact the outcomes of respondents.ResultsA total of 30 001 individuals responded to the Japan National Health and Wellness Survey 2017, whereof 3373 (11.2%) reported having chronic constipation; 963 were physician diagnosed. Compared with matched controls, patients with physician‐diagnosed chronic constipation had lower mean HRQoL scores and higher mean absenteeism, presenteeism, total Work Productivity and Activity Impairment, and indirect costs. Physician‐diagnosed chronic constipation was associated with a higher health burden than T2DM, IBS, and GERD.ConclusionsChronic constipation is associated with a considerable health burden, which is higher compared with T2DM, IBS, and GERD. These results suggest an urgent need for effective treatment of Japanese patients with chronic constipation to improve their quality of life.
Common‐pool resource governance and uneven food security: Regional resilience during the Great Irish Famine, 1845–1852
Authors: Flaherty Eoin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with two principal questions, drawing closely on the experience of Ireland. First, it addresses a deficit in our knowledge of resource governance institutions and land tenure systems as moderators of the impact of famine. We have known for some time of the extent of common‐pool resource systems in districts of 19th‐century Ireland and wider Europe, but their role in determining levels of ecological risk exposure is less understood. Knowing that both food insecurity and common tenancy were higher in marginal Irish districts, this represents a gap in our understanding of the geographical impact of the Great Irish Famine. Second, although current thinking on common‐pool resource governance suggests that such systems were potentially robust to ecological stress, why did this not translate into greater resilience in Ireland? To make sense of this contradiction, we must consider both the local behaviour of ecological stressors and wider context of Irish colonialism. Using local clustering analysis and geographically weighted regression, we see how the impact of key stressors varied geographically. These findings suggest that analyses of the role of common‐pool resource governance in conferring ecological resilience must be tempered with a fuller appreciation of geopolitical context.
Informal carer experiences of UK dementia services—A systematic review
Authors: Francis Nick , Hanna Paul 
Published: October 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Dementia affects an increasing number of people and a person with dementia requires significant levels of care.

Dementia care is often delivered by family members.

Caring for someone with dementia places significant demand on the carer and support for the carer is often needed.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Research has been conducted into caregivers' experiences of caring for someone with dementia, but a synthesis of findings for studies from the UK is needed to collate the research evidence and provide an account of the common trends within the existing research.

This paper adds to existing knowledge by highlighting the key difficulties experienced by carers of a person with dementia in their caring role and their experiences with support services across the existing research evidence.

What are the implications for practice?

Improvements to the process of dementia assessment and the process of receiving a dementia diagnosis are needed.

Information and support needs to be more accessible for the carer of a person with dementia

Cultural differences need to be acknowledged in the support and information offered to carers of a person with dementia.

AbstractAimTo understand the experiences of informal carers' of individuals with dementia in the UK when engaging with services for support in their caring role.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA guidelines, a qualitative systematic literature review was carried out. Six Internet databases were searched. Results were screened, and eligible studies were appraised using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP, 2019) and data synthesized using Evan & Pearson (2001) and Evans (2002).ResultsThe search returned 231 records, 11 were selected for critical appraisal and data synthesis. Four main themes (information for carers, process of diagnosing dementia, difficulties accessing support and cultural differences of experiences of services) were extracted.DiscussionCarers experience services as providing inadequate support for the Person with Dementia (PwD) and themselves for support relating to dementia. Difficulties in receiving information and support were experienced from before diagnosis to end‐of‐life (EoL) care. Additionally, cultural differences were found in carers' experiences.Implications for practiceThe provision of and access to dementia support should be improved; more information for carers about dementia and dementia services is needed; cultural differences need to be appreciated in the support and information offered.
Transverse sectioning in the evaluation of skin biopsy specimens from alopecic dogs
Authors: Bond R. , Hendricks A. , Patterson‐Kane J. , Stevens K. , Brooks Brownlie H. W. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTransverse sectioning of skin biopsy specimens has revolutionised assessment of human alopecia by demonstration of every hair in each specimen, allowing quantitative evaluation of follicular activity. Since only vertical sectioning is performed routinely in veterinary laboratories, we aimed to determine whether transverse sectioning was a valuable technique in assessment of canine alopecia.MethodsPaired vertical and transverse sections of biopsy specimens from 31 alopecic dogs were examined independently in triplicate in random order and blinded to previous diagnosis using a standard check‐list proforma. Assessments of key features (follicular activity [anagen/telogen], infundibular hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland abnormalities, pigment clumping, dermal inflammation) by each sectioning method were compared.ResultsIn the 31 cases, (atrophic [n = 13], dysplastic [n = 12], inflammatory diseases [n = 6]), follicular inactivity scores (median, [lower‐upper quartile]) in transverse sections significantly exceeded those in vertical sections (transverse 4 [3‐5], vertical 3 [2‐4]). Agreement between the two sectioning planes was moderate for infundibular hyperkeratosis (kappa = 0.5210) and dermal inflammation (0.4351), fair for sebaceous gland abnormalities (0.3966) and pigment clumping (0.2197), but slight for follicular activity (0.1041). Vertical sectioning demonstrated diagnostically important epidermal pathology (n = 2) and dermal thinning (n = 3) whereas transverse sectioning enhanced assessment of hair growth phase (n = 11), follicular structure and architecture (n = 11), and focal luminal or mural folliculitides (n = 3).Clinical significanceTransverse sectioning confers significant benefits and complements traditional vertical sectioning in the histological assessment of canine hair follicle diseases, particularly when subtle abnormalities comprise distorted compound follicle architecture, hair cycle arrest or when relatively few adnexal structures are affected.
When disaster strikes: Reconstitution of population density by expansion of survivors
Authors: Kojic Milorad , Milisavljevic Mira 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicroorganisms have an assortment of stress‐response mechanisms that enable them to survive in the face of environmental stresses. However, with prolonged exposures to severe stresses adaptive stress responses ultimately fail, the affected populations may suffer a massive decline. Recovery of the population density in the aftermath of a massive death is a vital task. Our recent post‐stress regrowth under starvation (RUS) studies prompted us to propose RUS as an adaptation for overcoming consequences of devastating environmental disturbances. RUS should be seen as an integral process having two major aspects: the stress‐induced cellular auto‐decomposition and the recycling of the released nutrients. Here, we summarized what is already known about RUS and suggest a number of questions that are key to understanding the molecular underpinnings of these two operations. We also interrogate the prospect that would conceptualize the auto‐decomposition as a fitness‐maximizing mechanism acting with the purpose of an expedient supply of nutrients. Two further things are of special note: given that some of the RUS‐defective mutants are also impaired in DNA repair, RUS can serve as an important tool for uncovering new determinants operating, in some overlapping fashion, in the protection of genome integrity; also, RUS can serve as a new angle of approach that might, hopefully, assign roles to some of those (up to ~ 30%) of microbial genes that are of unknown function. More generally, understanding post‐stress reconstitution and the underlying mechanisms is a necessary (complementing) part of any comprehensive picture of how microbes cope with very harsh environmental disturbances.
COP1 promotes ABA‐induced stomatal closure by modulating the abundance of ABI/HAB and AHG3 phosphatases
Authors: Chen Qingbin , Bai Ling , Wang Wenjing , Shi Huazhong , Ramón Botella José , Zhan Qidi , Liu Kang , Yang Hong‐Quan , Song Chun‐Peng 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Plant stomata play a crucial role in leaf function, controlling water transpiration in response to environmental stresses and modulating the gas exchange necessary for photosynthesis. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) promotes stomatal closure and inhibits light‐induced stomatal opening. The Arabidopsis thaliana E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 functions in ABA‐mediated stomatal closure. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood.

Yeast two‐hybrid assays were used to identify ABA signaling components that interact with COP1, and biochemical, molecular and genetic studies were carried out to elucidate the regulatory role of COP1 in ABA signaling.

The cop1 mutants are hyposensitive to ABA‐triggered stomatal closure under light and dark conditions. COP1 interacts with and ubiquitinates the Arabidopsis clade A type 2C phosphatases (PP2Cs) ABI/HAB group and AHG3, thus triggering their degradation. Abscisic acid enhances the COP1‐mediated degradation of these PP2Cs. Mutations in ABI1 and AHG3 partly rescue the cop1 stomatal phenotype and the phosphorylation level of OST1, a crucial SnRK2‐type kinase in ABA signaling.

Our data indicate that COP1 is part of a novel signaling pathway promoting ABA‐mediated stomatal closure by regulating the stability of a subset of the Clade A PP2Cs. These findings provide novel insights into the interplay between ABA and the light signaling component in the modulation of stomatal movement.
Pollen development in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is highly sensitive to heat exposure during the tetrad stage
Authors: Masoomi‐Aladizgeh Farhad , Najeeb Ullah , Hamzelou Sara , Pascovici Dana , Amirkhani Ardeshir , Tan Daniel K. Y. , Mirzaei Mehdi , Haynes Paul A. , Atwell Brian J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe development of gametes in plants is acutely susceptible to heatwaves as brief as a few days, adversely affecting pollen maturation and reproductive success. Pollen in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was differentially affected when tetrad and binucleate stages were exposed to heat, revealing new insights into the interaction between heat and pollen development. Squares were tagged and exposed to 36/25°C (day/night, moderate heat) or 40/30°C (day/night, extreme heat) for 5 days. Mature pollen grains and leaves were collected for physiological and proteomic responses. While photosynthetic competence was not compromised even at 40°C, leaf tissues became leakier. In contrast, pollen grains were markedly smaller after the tetrad stage was exposed to 40°C and boll production was reduced by 65%. Sugar levels in pollen grains were elevated after exposure to heat, eliminating carbohydrate deficits as a likely cause of poor reproductive capacity. Proteomic analysis of pure pollen samples revealed a particularly high abundance of 70‐kDa heat shock (Hsp70s) and cytoskeletal proteins. While short‐term bursts of heat had a minor impact on leaves, male gametophyte development was profoundly damaged. Cotton acclimates to maxima of 36°C at both the vegetative and reproductive stages but 5‐days exposure to 40°C significantly impairs reproductive development.
Age‐related losses in cardiac autonomic activity during a daytime nap
Authors: Chen Pin‐Chun , Sattari Negin , Whitehurst Lauren N. , Mednick Sara C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn healthy, young individuals, a reduction in cardiovascular output and a shift from sympathetic to parasympathetic (vagal) dominance is observed from wake into stages of nocturnal and daytime sleep. This cardiac autonomic profile, measured by heart rate variability (HRV), has been associated with significant benefits for cardiovascular health. Aging is associated with decreased nighttime sleep quality and lower parasympathetic activity during both sleep and resting. However, it is not known whether age‐related dampening of HRV extends to daytime sleep, diminishing the cardiovascular benefits of naps in the elderly. Here, we investigated this question by comparing the autonomic activity profile between young and older healthy adults during a daytime nap and a similar period of wakefulness (quiet wake; QW). For each condition, from the electrocardiogram (ECG), we obtained beat‐to‐beat HRV intervals (RR), root mean square of successive differences between adjacent heart‐beat‐intervals (RMSSD), high‐frequency (HF), low‐frequency (LF) power, and total power (TP), HF normalized units (HFnu), and the LF/HF ratio. As previously reported, young subjects showed a parasympathetic dominance during NREM, compared with REM, prenap rest, and WASO. Moreover, older, compared to younger, adults showed significantly lower vagally mediated HRV (measured by RMSSD, HF, HFnu) during NREM. Interestingly, however, no age‐related differences were detected during prenap rest or QW. Altogether, our findings suggest a sleep‐specific reduction in parasympathetic modulation that is unique to NREM sleep in older adults.
TLR10: Insights, controversies and potential utility as a therapeutic target
Authors: Su Si‐Biao , Tao Lin , Deng Ze‐Ping , Chen Wen , Qin Shan‐Yu , Jiang Hai‐Xing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Toll‐like receptor (TLR) family acts as a bridge connecting innate and acquired immunity. TLR10 remains one of the least understood members of this family. Some studies have examined TLR10 ligands, dimerization of TLR10 with other TLRs, and downstream signalling pathways and functions, but they have often arrived at conflicting conclusions. TLR10 can induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines by forming homodimers with itself or heterodimers with TLR1 or other TLRs, but it can also inhibit proinflammatory responses when co‐expressed with TLR2 or potentially other TLRs. Mutations in the Toll/Interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain of TLR10 alter its signalling activity. Polymorphisms in the TLR10 gene can change the balance between pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory responses and hence modulate the susceptibility to infection and autoimmune diseases. Understanding the full range of TLR10 ligands and functions may allow the receptor to be exploited as a therapeutic target in inflammation‐ or immune‐related diseases. Here, we summarize recent findings on the pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory roles of TLR10 and the molecular pathways in which it is implicated. Our goal is to pave the way for future studies of the only orphan TLR thought to have strong potential as a target in the treatment of inflammation‐related diseases.