bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ability of Thromboelastography to Detect Hypercoagulability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Brown Wesley , Lunati Matthew , Maceroli Michael , Ernst Alexandra , Staley Christopher , Johnson Richard , Schenker Mara 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
To review the current literature on the use of viscoelastic hemolytic assays, such as thromboelastography (TEG) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), during the perioperative period of patients and determine the ability of TEG and ROTEM to detect hypercoagulability and identify increased risk of the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Data Sources:
PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane online databases were queried through February 11, 2018, by pairing the terms “thromboelastography,” “viscoelastic hemostatic assays,” and “rotational thromboelastometry” with “venous thromboembolism,” “deep vein thrombosis,” “pulmonary embolism,” and “hypercoagulability.”

Study Selection:
Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to determine relevance and quality of data, of which 2.54% of initially identified studies met.

Data Extraction and Synthesis:
Articles and citations were reviewed for relevance by 2 independent individuals following PRISMA guidelines as well as a quality assessment of data as established by Zaza et al. In studies that separated patients postoperatively by VTE development or no VTE development, data were pooled utilizing a modified DerSimmion and Laird random effects model.

Results:
One thousand eight hundred ninety-three articles were assessed for eligibility, yielding 370 abstracts. Of the 370 abstracts, 35 studies were included, and of these, only 5 were included in the meta-analysis. Studies included postsurgical patients in a variety of surgical fields, encompassing a total of 8939 patients, with 717 thrombotic events reported. Elevated maximum amplitude (MA) was a statistically significant indicator of hypercoagulability across at least 1 perioperative time point in 17 (50%) of the articles reviewed, consisting of 6348 (72%) patients. The pooled mean MA value for defining hypercoagulability was greater than 66.70 mm. Using a prepublished value for hypercoagulability of 65 mm, the combined effect of MA on the development of VTE in postsurgical patients was determined to be 1.31 (95% confidence, 0.74–2.34, P = 0.175) and was 46% sensitive and 62% specific in predicting a postoperative VTE.

Conclusions:
Only 1 parameter, MA, was consistently used to both define hypercoagulability and be predictive of VTE after traumatic injury and surgical intervention; however, there remains a broad variability in the definition of hypercoagulability as determined by MA and thus limits its predictive ability. In addition, when hypercoagulability was measured throughout the perioperative period, TEG consistently demonstrated hypercoagulability starting on post-op day 1 (POD1).

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Update on oncogenesis and therapy for Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: Dupin Nicolas 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
This review is an update of the recent findings on pathophysiology of Kaposi sarcoma, the role of HHV-8 in Kaposi sarcoma pathogenesis and to summarize the recent advances in the treatment of Kaposi sarcoma and the role of immunity to control the disease.

Recent findings
The causal agent of Kaposi sarcoma is HHV-8 and the mechanism by which HHV-8 drives the tumor development is unique. HHV-8 is not a classic oncogenic virus and the disease is an opportunistic tumor responding to immune restoration when it is possible.

Summary
Five epidemiologic types of Kaposi are recognized and HHV-8 is associated to all epidemiologic forms of Kaposi. HHV-8 is a virus favoring both angiogenesis and cellular proliferation, which are the two main histological features of Kaposi sarcoma. Although in many cases, treatment of Kaposi sarcoma is not necessary, specific chemotherapy, immunomodulation and immune stimulation are the tools for treating Kaposi sarcoma. Monochemotherapy has been shown to be as efficient as polychemotherapy and less toxic. Immune checkpoint inhibitors gave some promising results, which should be confirmed by prospective studies.
Roles for Physical Therapists to Address Health Literacy as a Social Determinant of Cardiovascular Disease: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Griech Sean F. , Skrzat Julie M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Health literacy (HL) has been defined as “the capacity of individuals to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.” Despite its importance, 90 million individuals in the United States have less than adequate levels of HL. This is concerning, especially for patients with chronic conditions requiring daily disease management, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). With 70 million Americans suffering from CVD, there is a high likelihood of HL and CVD overlapping, which can greatly impact physical therapy management and ultimately patient outcomes. Health literacy should be viewed as a specific form of education—a social determinant of health—that has important implications for wellbeing. To achieve the American Physical Therapy Association's vision of “Transforming society by optimizing movement to improve the human experience,” physical therapists must improve their understanding of HL to maximize their interventions. The purpose of this perspective is to discuss HL and its intersectional relationship with the Social Determinants of Health in patients with CVD. This perspective will then culminate in recommendations for physical therapists to reduce health inequities related to limited HL.
Administration of Interleukin-15 Peptide Improves Cardiac Function in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ameri Kurosh , Bayardorj Dulguun , Samurkashian Raffi , Fredkin Maxwell , Fuh Eric , Nguyen Vien , Yeghiazarians Yerem 
Published: December 2019

Abstract:
Interleukin-15 is a pleotropic factor, capable of modulating metabolism, survival, proliferation, and differentiation in many different cell types. The rationale behind this study relates to previous work demonstrating that IL-15 is a major factor present in stem cell extracts, which protects cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxic stress in vitro. The objective of this current study was to assess whether administration of IL-15 peptide will also show protective effects in vivo. The data indicate that administration of IL-15 reduces cell death, increases vascularity, decreases scar size, and significantly improves left ventricular ejection fraction in a mouse model of myocardial infarction.
Mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Kubalanza Kari , Konecny Gottfried E. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
To summarize recently discovered PARP inhibitor resistance mechanisms and highlight the clinical relevance of these findings to date.

Recent findings
A predominant mechanism of acquired PARP inhibitor resistance in homologous recombination-deficient cancers is the acquisition of homologous recombination proficiency as a consequence of secondary genetic or epigenetic events, such as secondary mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, or reversal of BRCA1 promoter methylation that restores homologous recombination and leads to PARP inhibitor resistance. Multiple other potential mechanisms of acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors including loss of DNA end resection inhibition (53BP1/REV7/RIF1/Sheldin) or DNA replication fork protection (PTIP/EZH2), but also increased drug efflux or induction of a reversible senescent or mesenchymal cell state have been described in ovarian cancer models. However, only few of these mechanisms have been identified in clinical samples.

Summary
Multiple adaptive responses following PARP inhibitor treatment have been identified. Further research is needed to better understand what role these mechanisms play for clinical PARP inhibitor resistance and how these mechanisms may render ovarian cancer cells susceptible to subsequent novel combination therapies.
Surgical Technique, Indications, and Outcomes of BIOM-Assisted Transvitreal Biopsy for Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Snyder Laura L. , Daniels Anthony B. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
Controversy exists regarding the best method for biopsy of uveal melanoma. We describe our transvitreal technique and evaluate the safety of this technique as well as the efficacy for obtaining sample for prognostic genetic profiling.

Methods:
Description of surgical technique and retrospective case series. Medical records for uveal melanoma patients who underwent transvitreal biopsy using our described technique were analyzed for tumor size, location, primary treatment, method of biopsy, and any complications thereof. Characteristics of tumors that underwent transvitreal biopsy were noted including tumor size, location, or presence of subretinal fluid, to see whether these affected surgeon preference for biopsy modality. A cohort of contemporaneous uveal melanoma patients who underwent biopsy through a transscleral technique served as a comparator group for these patient, tumor, and complication factors.

Results:
A total of 27 patients aged 27.2 to 88.6 years (mean 64.8) underwent transvitreal biopsy using our described technique between 2013 and 2016. There were 15 small, 10 medium, and 2 large tumors at diagnosis with the majority (n = 17) posterior to the equator. Intraoperative complications included a clot or small trickle of blood at the biopsy site in 20 (74.1%) of patients, small localized subretinal hemorrhage in 8 (29.6%), small vitreous hemorrhage in 4 (14.8%), and small transient choroidal detachments in 1 patient (3.6%). When subretinal hemorrhage occurred, it was almost always into a pre-existing pocket of subretinal fluid (P = 0.0093). However, the presence of subretinal fluid was not associated with the decision to proceed with any biopsy (P = 0.36) or transvitreal biopsy specifically (P = 1.00). By 3 months, subretinal and/or vitreous hemorrhage resolved in essentially all cases. There were no cases of iatrogenic retinal detachment or extraocular tumor spread over a mean follow-up of 41.7 (range: 20–62.1) months. Adequate tissue for gene expression profiling was obtained from each biopsy. The comparator group of patients undergoing transscleral biopsy including 21 uveal melanomas in 20 patients (one eye had two melanomas). Transvitreal biopsies were more common in patients with small (n = 15; P < 0.0001), posterior (n = 17; P < 0.0001) tumors, compared with patients who underwent transscleral biopsy during the same period.

Conclusion:
This technique can be used for small or posterior tumors or for small anterior tumors where a transscleral approach would risk tumor perforation. Complications were minor, transient, and self-limited. Biopsy yields for molecular prognosis were adequate in all cases. The presence of subretinal fluid may be considered a relative contraindication because it may lead to subretinal hemorrhage in the fluid pocket but did not dissuade us from using this transvitreal technique for patients who would benefit from it.
EFFECT OF REIMBURSEMENT POLICY ON VISUAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA TREATED WITH RANIBIZUMAB
Authors: Lai Tso-Ting , Hsieh Yi-Ting , Yang Chung-May , Ho Tzyy-Chang , Yang Chang-Hao 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate effects of reimbursement policy change on visual outcomes of patients with diabetic macular edema treated with ranibizumab.

Methods:
In this retrospective comparative cohort study, we included 78 treatment-naïve patients with diabetic macular edema (107 eyes) insured under Taiwan's National Health Insurance from July 2013 to January 2015 (Group A) and April 2016 to June 2017 (Group B), or before and after the major reimbursement policy change, respectively. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography findings, and injection numbers at baseline and postinjection Months 3, 6, and 12 were collected. Mean BCVA change and predictive factors for enhanced BCVA improvement at Month 12 were analyzed.

Results:
The mean improvement in BCVA at 1 year was 5.8 ETDRS letters (Group A) before and 14.8 letters (Group B) after the policy change (P = 0.009), and the mean numbers of injections were 4.6 ± 2.0 and 6.5 ± 2.3 in Group A and B (P < 0.001), respectively. Linear regression revealed that greater visual improvement at Month 12 was significantly associated with worse baseline BCVA, greater visual gain at Month 3, new reimbursement policy (Group B), and the presence of subretinal fluid in baseline optical coherence tomography, but not with total injection number. Compared with Group A, Group B had enhanced BCVA improvement when baseline subretinal fluid was present (P = 0.001), but not when subretinal fluid was absent (P = 0.656).

Conclusion:
Health care policy change significantly affected the visual outcomes of patients with diabetic macular edema in a clinical practice setting, with superior final BCVA and BCVA improvement after increased reimbursement. Presence of subretinal fluid at baseline predicted enhanced post-policy change visual improvement.
Birth Season and Infection Risk Among Children Under 5 Years Old
Authors: Christensen Karina , Christensen Nikolas , Husby Steffen , Kyhl Henriette , Boysen Sandberg Maria , Fisker Niels 
Published: December 2019

Background:
The season in which a child is born may affect the immune system development and thereby influence the risk of infections. In this study, we examined the associations between birth season and the risk of hospital admission or symptoms associated with a wide range of infections.

Methods:
This study is a prospective cohort study of 2434 children with an average follow-up of 3.5 years. Admission data were obtained from the Danish National Patient Registry. Via short message service (SMS) questionnaires, 1279 families reported symptoms of infections in a 1-year period.

Results:
Of the 2434 children, 639 (26.3%) were admitted to the hospital, and the children experienced on average 64.4 days with symptoms of infection within 1 year. There was no association between birth season and hospital admissions due to all infectious causes [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.65–1.22; P = 0.471]. However, children born in the fall had a higher IRR for admission due to all infectious causes when excluding admissions within the first year of life. Winter- and spring-born children had lower IRRs for admission due to gastrointestinal infections than summer-born children, but this association was alone present when admissions within the first year of life were included. The short message service-survey showed significantly lower IRRs for any symptom of infection among winter-born (IRR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75–0.96; P = 0.009) and fall-born children (IRR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78–0.99; P = 0.033) in comparison with summer-born children.

Conclusions:
Birth season was not associated with hospital admission due to all infectious causes within the first 5 years of age; however, fall-birth was associated with a higher IRR for admissions due to all infectious causes after the first year of life. The association between birth season and admissions due to gastrointestinal infections was only seen when including children admitted under the age of one. Being born in fall or winter was associated with a decreased IRR for number of days with any symptom of infection registered at home.
Complex regional pain syndrome patient immunoglobulin M has pronociceptive effects in the skin and spinal cord of tibia fracture mice
Authors: Guo Tian-Zhi , Wei Tzuping , Tajerian Maral , Clark J. David , Birklein Frank , Goebel Andreas , Li Wen-Wu , Sahbaie Peyman , Escolano Fabiola L. , Herrnberger Myriam , Kramer Heidrum H. , Kingery Wade S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
It has been proposed that complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a post-traumatic autoimmune disease. Previously, we observed that B cells are required for the full expression of CRPS-like changes in a mouse tibia fracture model and that serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies from fracture mice have pronociceptive effects in muMT fracture mice lacking B cells. The current study evaluated the pronociceptive effects of injecting CRPS patient serum or antibodies into muMT fracture mice by measuring hind paw allodynia and unweighting changes. Complex regional pain syndrome serum binding was measured against autoantigens previously identified in the fracture mouse model. Both CRPS patient serum or IgM antibodies had pronociceptive effects in the fracture limb when injected systemically in muMT fracture mice, but normal subject serum and CRPS patient IgG antibodies had no effect. Furthermore, CRPS serum IgM antibodies had pronociceptive effects when injected into the fracture limb hind paw skin or intrathecally in the muMT fracture mice. Early (1-12 months after injury) CRPS patient (n = 20) sera were always pronociceptive after systemic injection, and chronic (>12 months after injury) CRPS sera were rarely pronociceptive (2/20 patients), while sera from normal subjects (n = 20) and from patients with uncomplicated recoveries from orthopedic surgery and/or fracture (n = 15) were never pronociceptive. Increased CRPS serum IgM binding was observed for keratin 16, histone 3.2, gamma actin, and alpha enolase autoantigens. We postulate that CRPS patient IgM antibodies bind to neoantigens in the fracture mouse skin and spinal cord to initiate a regionally restricted pronociceptive complement response potentially contributing to the CRPS disease process.
Ensuring Organization-Intervention Fit for a Participatory Organizational Intervention to Improve Food Service Workers’ Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Peters Susan E. , Nielsen Karina M. , Nagler Eve M. , Revette Anna C. , Madden Jennifer , Sorensen Glorian 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
Food-service workers’ health and wellbeing is impacted by their jobs and work environments. Formative research methods were used to explore working conditions impacting workers’ health to inform intervention planning and implementation and to enhance the intervention's “fit” to the organization.

Methods:
Four qualitative methods (worker focus groups; manager interviews; worksite observations; multi-stakeholder workshop) explored in-depth and then prioritized working conditions impacting workers’ health as targets for an intervention.

Results:
Prioritized working conditions included: ergonomics; work intensity; career development; and job enrichment. Data revealed necessary intervention mechanisms to enhance intervention implementation: worker and management communication infrastructure; employee participation in intervention planning and implementation; tailored worksite strategies; and ensuring leadership commitment.

Conclusions:
These targeted, comprehensive methods move away from a typical focus on generic working conditions, for example, job demands and physical work environment, to explore those conditions unique to an organization. Thereby, enhancing “intervention-fit” at multiple levels within the company context.
Title of review article: admissible daily intake for glutamate
Authors: Tomé Daniel 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
Total glutamate (Glu) intake is 5–20 g/day in adults and about 40 mg/kg in breast-fed infant. Glu intake is constituted by Glu from protein and free Glu from certain foods and flavor-enhancing additive. The admissible intake of free Glu additive is addressed.

Recent finding
In the gut, Glu is actively metabolized by enterocytes and because of this metabolism, the systemic availability of ingested Glu remains relatively low. Human studies are preferred to assess the transfer in blood of dietary free Glu salts and their possible risks. When human data are not available, experimental animal models provide the basis to assess the risks to humans but toxicity studies in rodents remain for a part controversial. A No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) in rodent of 3200 mg/kg/day and an uncertainty factor of 100 lead to an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 30 mg/kg/day for free Glu salts used as additives, whereas a NOAEL higher than 6000 mg/kg/day and an uncertainty factor of 25 leads to an ADI of 240 mg/kg/day for free Glu salts.

Summary
Current discussions indicate an ADI from 30 to 240 mg/kg/day depending on the chosen NOAEL in animal model and compound-specific uncertainty factor (from 25 to 100).
Somatic growth in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Lavi Eran , Gileles-Hillel Alex , Zangen David 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is commonly associated with compromised growth especially in severe cases when the pulmonary function (PFT) deteriorates. As growth optimization is an important aspect of CF management, this review will summarize the current knowledge on the prevalence of growth failure in CF patients, and focus on the mechanisms leading to poor growth, on the association of poor linear growth with reduced PFT and on recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy in CF patients.

Recent findings
Despite the improvement in CF care in the last 2 decades, compromised linear growth is still quite prevalent. The pathophysiology of growth failure in CF is multifactorial. Malnutrition due to decreased energy intake increased energy expenditure and malabsorption of ingested nutrients secondary to pancreatic insufficiency, all probably play a major role in growth restriction. In addition, chronic inflammation characteristic of CF may contribute to growth failure via alteration in the GH-insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling and other changes in the growth plate. rhGH and new CFTR modulators may improve some growth parameters.

Summary
Beyond optimizing nutrition and malabsorption, and controlling chronic inflammation, children with CF may benefit from the anabolic effects of rhGH therapy to improve their anthropometric parameters. Whether this translates into better PFT and improved long-term outcomes is yet to be determined.
Emergency department revisits: a nation-wide database analysis on the same and different hospital revisits
Authors: Lu Tsung-Chien , Ling Dean-An , Tsai Chu-Lin , Shih Fuh-Yuan , Fang Cheng-Chung 
Published: December 2019

Objectives
Emergency department (ED) revisits had traditionally been used as a quality indicator, but focused more on the same hospital revisit (SHRV). Our study investigated the 72-hour ED revisits on SHRV and different hospital revisits (DHRV), and explored the predictors of DHRV.

Methods
72-hour ED revisits were analyzed using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database that contained one-third patient records from 2012 to 2013. Rates of SHRV and DHRV were calculated and compared among levels of hospital accreditation. Linear regression analyses were used to measure the correlation between revisit rates and average monthly volumes of the index ED. Multilevel logistic analyses were performed to evaluate the predictors of DHRV.

Results
There were 4 065 215 index ED visits. Of them, 234 826 (5.8%) were associated with 72-hour revisits and 36.7% of them occurred at different institutions. The revisit rates showed differences across distinct hospital levels. DHRV rates had significant inverse correlation with the average monthly volume of the index ED. Independent predictors associated with the increased odds of DHRV were: ED visits on weekend or holiday, or the index ED being at a local hospital.

Conclusions
About one in three ED revisits occurred in another hospital. SHRV rate alone would inevitably underestimate the true revisit rate. DHRV is associated with the hospital level and annual ED volume, and there is increased likelihood of DHRV if patient’s index ED visit being a local hospital.