bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Stresses in Incrementally Deposited Films From Wafer-Curvature Measurements
Authors: Rao Zhaoxia , Jin Hanxun , Engwall Alison , Chason Eric , Kim Kyung-Suk 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We report closed-form formulas to calculate the incremental-deposition stress, the elastic relaxation stress, and the residual stress in a finite-thickness film from a wafer-curvature measurement. The calculation shows how the incremental deposition of a new stressed layer to the film affects the amount of the film/wafer curvature and the stress state of the previously deposited layers. The formulas allow the incremental-deposition stress and the elastic relaxation to be correctly calculated from the slope of the measured curvature versus thickness for arbitrary thicknesses and biaxial moduli of the film and the substrate. Subtraction of the cumulative elastic relaxation from the incremental-deposition stress history results in the residual stress left in the film after the whole deposition process. The validities of the formulas are confirmed by curvature measurements of electrodeposited Ni films on substrates with different thicknesses.
Level Set-Based Extended Finite Element Modeling of the Response of Fibrous Networks Under Hygroscopic Swelling
Authors: Samantray P. , Peerlings R. H. J. , Bosco E. , Geers M. G. D. , Massart T. J. , Rokoš O. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Materials like paper, consisting of a network of natural fibers, exposed to variations in moisture, undergo changes in geometrical and mechanical properties. This behavior is particularly important for understanding the hygro-mechanical response of sheets of paper in applications like digital printing. A two-dimensional microstructural model of a fibrous network is therefore developed to upscale the hygro-expansion of individual fibers, through their interaction, to the resulting overall expansion of the network. The fibers are modeled with rectangular shapes and are assumed to be perfectly bonded where they overlap. For realistic networks, the number of bonds is large, and the network is geometrically so complex that discretizing it by conventional, geometry-conforming, finite elements is cumbersome. The combination of a level-set and XFEM formalism enables the use of regular, structured grids in order to model the complex microstructural geometry. In this approach, the fibers are described implicitly by a level-set function. In order to represent the fiber boundaries in the fibrous network, an XFEM discretization is used together with a Heaviside enrichment function. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach successfully captures the hygro-expansive properties of the network with fewer degrees-of-freedom compared to classical FEM, preserving desired accuracy.
Loess in eastern equatorial Pangea archives a dusty atmosphere and possible upland glaciation
Authors: Pfeifer Lily S. , Soreghan Gerilyn S. , Pochat Stéphane , Van Den Driessche Jean 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Carboniferous–Permian strata in basins within the Central Pangean Mountains in France archive regional paleoequatorial climate during a unique interval in geological history (Pangea assembly, ice-age collapse, megamonsoon inception). The voluminous (∼1.5 km) succession of exclusively fine-grained red beds that comprises the Permian Salagou Formation (Lodève Basin, France) has long been interpreted to record either lacustrine or fluvial deposition, primarily based on a local emphasis of subaqueous features in the upper ∼25% of the section. In contrast, data presented here indicate that the lower-middle Salagou Formation is dominated by up to 15-m-thick beds of internally massive red mudstone with abundant pedogenic features (microscale) and no evidence of channeling. Up-section, limited occurrences of ripple and hummocky cross-stratification, and mudcracks record the intermittent influence of shallow water, but with no channeling nor units with grain sizes exceeding coarse silt. These data suggest that the most parsimonious interpretation for the Salagou Formation involves eolian transport of the sediment and ultimate deposition as loess in shallow, ephemeral lacustrine environments. Provenance analyses of the Salagou Formation indicate coarse-grained protoliths and, together with geochemical proxies (chemical index of alteration [CIA] and τNa) that correspond respectively to a low degree of chemical weathering and a mean annual temperature of ∼4 °C, suggest that silt generation in this case is most consistent with cold-weathering (glacial and associated periglacial) processes in the Variscan highlands. Together with previous studies that detailed voluminous Permian loess in western equatorial Pangea, this work shows a globally unique distribution of dust at low latitudes that can be linked either directly to glaciated alpine terranes or to reworked and deflated deposits of other types (e.g., fluvial outwash) where fine-grained material was originally generated from glacial grinding in alpine systems. These results further support a revised model for early Permian climate, in which extratropical ice sheets coexisted with a semiarid tropics that may have hosted significant ice at moderate elevation.
Reference values for the external genitalia of full-term and pre-term female neonates
Authors: Castets Sarah , Nguyen Kim-An , Plaisant Franck , Prudon Malika Baya , Plotton Ingrid , Kassai Behrouz , Roche Sylvain , Ecochard Rene , Claris Olivier , Nicolino Marc , Villanueva Carine , Gay Claire-Lise 
Published: June 2020

Background and objectivesIdentifying virilisation of the genitalia in female newborns early during the neonatal period is important to diagnose pathologies. However, there is no clear threshold for clitoromegaly or for the anogenital ratio. The objective of this study was to define reference values for the external genitalia of full-term and pre-term female neonates.DesignThis was a prospective study of all females born in the study centre between May 2014 and July 2016. Clitoral length and anogenital ratio were measured in 619 newborns with a gestational age of 24+2 to 41+3 weeks during their first 3 days of life. Associations between the values at day 3 and gestational age, birth weight and other newborn characteristics were examined by linear regression.ResultsThe mean clitoral length at day 3 of life was 3.69±1.53 mm (n=551; 95th percentile, 6.5 mm; maximum, 8 mm), and the mean anogenital ratio was 0.42±0.09 (95th percentile, 0.58). There was no significant variation with gestational age or birth weight, and no significant difference between the results at day 0 and day 3.ConclusionThese results suggest that clitoromegaly can be defined as a clitoral length >6.5 mm. Values ≥8 mm should prompt further investigations. An anogenital ratio >0.6 should be considered a sign of virilisation. Since clitoral size does not vary with gestational age or birth weight, clitoromegaly should not be attributed to prematurity.
Does parental presence affect workload during neonatal resuscitation?
Authors: Zehnder Emily , Law Brenda Hiu Yan , Schmölzer Georg M 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundParents often prefer being present during neonatal resuscitation and benefit from this experience. We aim to determine if parental presence during neonatal resuscitation affects the perceived workload of healthcare providers.MethodsPerceived workload was measured using the multidimensional retrospective National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index survey. Over 3 months, healthcare providers were asked to complete a paper and pencil survey following their participation in a neonatal resuscitation. Surveys also collected healthcare providers’ reports of parental presence during resuscitation.Results204 surveys were completed. Of these 183 (90%) had complete information about parental presence. Overall workload of healthcare professionals was significantly lower when at least one parent was present (33; 16–47) compared with when no parents were present (46; 29–57) during the resuscitation (p=0.0004).ConclusionThis work supports the presence of parents during neonatal resuscitation. Parental presence during neonatal resuscitation was associated with decreased overall workload experienced by healthcare providers.
Outcomes of endotracheal suctioning in non-vigorous neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Phattraprayoon Nanthida , Tangamornsuksan Wimonchat , Ungtrakul Teerapat 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveWe aimed to systematically review and analyse the outcomes of non-endotracheal suctioning (non-ETS) versus ETS in non-vigorous meconium-stained neonates.DesignWe conducted a systematic review of non-ETS and ETS in non-vigorous infants born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). We searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Clinical Trials.gov, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to November 2019, using keywords and related terms. Only non-vigorous infants born through MSAF included in randomised controlled trials, were included. We calculated overall relative risks (RRs) and mean differences with 95% CIs using a random-effects model, to determine the impact of ETS in non-vigorous infants born through MSAF.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Secondary outcomes were respiratory outcome measures (pneumothorax, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, secondary pneumonia, need for respiratory support, duration of mechanical ventilation), initial resuscitation and others including shock, perinatal asphyxia, convulsions, neonatal mortality, blood culture-positive sepsis and duration of hospital stay.ResultsA total of 2085 articles were identified in the initial database search. Four studies, including 581 non-vigorous meconium-stained infants, fulfilled the inclusion criteria, comprising 292 infants in the non-ETS group and 289 in the ETS group. No statistically significant difference was found for MAS (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.71 to 1.35).ConclusionsInitiating ETS soon after birth in non-vigorous meconium-stained infants may not alter their neonatal outcomes.
Efficacy and safety of low dose ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Qing , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Zhen , Wang Shuai , Zhang Hao , Wang Yiwen , Lu Chi , Xuan Haochen , Wang Chaofan , Li Dongye , Xu Tongda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOur aim was to examine clinical trials, provide guidance to practitioners and estimate the efficacy and safety of two agents by comparing low dose ticagrelor with standard dose clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome. We systematically looked through Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Wanfang data and CNKI for trials comparing low dose ticagrelor with standard dose clopidogrel for the treatment of patients with ACS since the database was created. The primary endpoint for efficacy was the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). The primary endpoint for safety was the rate of major bleeding events. We also evaluated platelet function between low dose ticagrelor and standard dose clopidogrel in ACS patients. From 6744 articles, 16 studies including 1629 patients met the inclusion criteria. In contrast with standard dose clopidogrel, low dose ticagrelor significantly reduced MACEs (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.26, 0.58) and the difference was statistically significant (p&lt;0.01). No difference was noted for major bleeding events (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.43, 3.08) between the two agents (p=0.77). In addition, low dose ticagrelor showed lower platelet aggregation rate than clopidogrel (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.68, 95% CI −0.83 to 0.53) (p&lt;0.01). Platelet reaction units for low dose ticagrelor were much lower than those for standard dose clopidogrel (SMD −2.46, 95% CI −2.85 to −2.07) (p&lt;0.01). In comparison with standard dose clopidogrel, low dose ticagrelor significantly lowered the incidence of MACEs, improved left ventricular ejection fraction, decreased left ventricular end diastolic dimension and did not expand the risk of major bleeding events or minor or minimal bleeding events in ACS patients with a considerable safety and efficacy profile. In addition, low dose ticagrelor was associated with dramatically lower platelet aggregation compared with standard dose clopidogrel.
Constant magnetic field in treating congenital esophageal and anorectal malformation: a review
Authors: Liu Shiqi , Lv Yi 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundCongenital esophageal and anorectal malformation are common in neonates. Refractory esophageal anastomotic stricture and abnormal defecation after surgical correction in infants are challenging surgical problems. Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) using mated magnets with their interposed compressed tissue may result in serosa-to-serosa apposition.Data sourcesA literature search was performed to establish an algorithm for these accidents by the authors to identify relevant articles published from 1977 to 2019 in Google, Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge Ovid, CNKI and library document delivery, using search terms “magnetics”, “esophageal malformation”, “anorectal” and “perforation”. A total of 24 literatures were collected.ResultsMagnamosis is technically feasible for alimentary tract anastomoses in pediatric patients. The magnets are most commonly made of neodymium–iron–boron and samarium–cobalt alloys, which have been employed to create solid anastomosis for long-gap esophageal atresia and refractory esophageal stricture without thoracotomy in children in recent years. Furthermore, magnamosis can be used for the functional undiversion of ileostomy. In anorectal malformations with favorable anatomy, this procedure may avoid an operative repair such as posterior sagittal reconstruction.ConclusionTranslumenal anastomosis of digestive tract using the MCA is a reliable, minimally invasive and feasible method to treat congenital esophageal and anorectal malformation.
Extracellular-Regulated Protein Kinase 5-Mediated Control of p21 Expression Promotes Macrophage Proliferation Associated with Tumor Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Giurisato Emanuele , Lonardi Silvia , Telfer Brian , Lussoso Sarah , Risa-Ebrí Blanca , Zhang Jingwei , Russo Ilaria , Wang Jinhua , Santucci Annalisa , Finegan Katherine G. , Gray Nathanael S. , Vermi William , Tournier Cathy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe presence of immunosuppressive macrophages that become activated in the tumor microenvironment constitutes a major factor responsible for tumor growth and malignancy. In line with this knowledge, we report here that macrophage proliferation is a significant feature of advanced stages of cancer. Moreover, we have found that a high proportion of proliferating macrophages in human tumors express ERK5. ERK5 was required for supporting the proliferation of macrophages in tumor grafts in mice. Furthermore, myeloid ERK5 deficiency negatively impacted the proliferation of both resident and infiltrated macrophages in metastatic lung nodules. ERK5 maintained the capacity of macrophages to proliferate by suppressing p21 expression to halt their differentiation program. Collectively, these data provide insight into the mechanism underpinning macrophage proliferation to support malignant tumor development, thereby strengthening the value of ERK5-targeted therapies to restore antitumor immunity through the blockade of protumorigenic macrophage activation.Significance:These findings offer a new rationale for anti-ERK5 therapy to improve cancer patient outcomes by blocking the proliferative activity of tumor macrophages.
ATF3 Coordinates Antitumor Synergy between Epigenetic Drugs and Protein Disulfide Isomerase Inhibitors
Authors: Duncan Ravyn M. , Reyes Leticia , Moats Katelyn , Robinson Reeder M. , Murphy Sara A. , Kaur Balveen , Stessman Holly A.F. , Dolloff Nathan G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are largely ineffective in the treatment of solid tumors. In this study, we describe a new class of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibitors that significantly and synergistically enhance the antitumor activity of HDACi in glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer preclinical models. RNA-sequencing screening coupled with gene silencing studies identified ATF3 as the driver of this antitumor synergy. ATF3 was highly induced by combined PDI and HDACi treatment as a result of increased acetylation of key histone lysine residues (acetylated histone 3 lysine 27 and histone 3 lysine 18) flanking the ATF3 promoter region. These chromatin marks were associated with increased RNA polymerase II recruitment to the ATF3 promoter, a synergistic upregulation of ATF3, and a subsequent apoptotic response in cancer cells. The HSP40/HSP70 family genes DNAJB1 and HSPA6 were found to be critical ATF3-dependent genes that elicited the antitumor response after PDI and HDAC inhibition. In summary, this study presents a synergistic antitumor combination of PDI and HDAC inhibitors and demonstrates a mechanistic and tumor suppressive role of ATF3. Combined treatment with PDI and HDACi offers a dual therapeutic strategy in solid tumors and the opportunity to achieve previously unrealized activity of HDACi in oncology.

Significance:
This study uses a first-in-class PDI inhibitor entering clinical development to enhance the effects of epigenetic drugs in some of the deadliest forms of cancer.
Integrative Systems Praxis for Implementation Research (INSPIRE): An Implementation Methodology to Facilitate the Global Elimination of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Gravitt Patti E. , Rositch Anne F. , Jurczuk Magdalena , Meza Graciela , Carillo Lita , Jeronimo Jose , Adsul Prajakta , Nervi Laura , Kosek Margaret , Tracy J. Kathleen , Paz-Soldan Valerie A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
The World Health Organization (WHO) has called for a systems thinking approach to health systems strengthening to increase adoption of evidence-based interventions (EBI). The Integrative Systems Praxis for Implementation Research (INSPIRE) methodology operationalizes the WHO systems thinking framework to meet cervical cancer elimination–early detection and treatment (CC-EDT) goals.

Methods:
Using a systems thinking approach and grounded in the consolidated framework for implementation research, INSPIRE integrates multiple research methodologies and evaluation frameworks into a multilevel implementation strategy.

Results:
In phase I (creating a shared understanding), soft systems methodology and pathway analysis are used to create a shared visual understanding of the CC-EDT system, incorporating diverse stakeholder perspectives of the “what, how, and why” of system behavior. Phase II (finding leverage) facilitates active stakeholder engagement in knowledge transfer and decision-making using deliberative dialogues and multiple scenario analyses. Phase III (acting strategically) represents stakeholder-engaged implementation planning, using well-defined implementation strategies of education, training, and infrastructure development. In phase IV (learning and adapting), evaluation of key performance indicators via a reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance framework is reviewed by stakeholder teams, who continuously adapt implementation plans to improve system effectiveness.

Conclusions:
The INSPIRE methodology is a generalizable approach to context-adapted implementation of EBIs.

Impact:
Replacing static dissemination of implementation “roadmaps” with learning health systems through the integration of systems thinking and participatory action research, INSPIRE facilitates the development of scalable and sustainable implementation strategies adapted to local contexts.
MEF2D Fusions Drive Oncogenic Pre-BCR Signaling in B-ALL
Authors: Sadras Teresa , Müschen Markus 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Summary:
Chimeric fusion proteins involving transcriptional regulators are a common feature in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, systematic dissection of the core regulatory circuits by which these fusions exert their oncogenic effects is still required. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and robust functional assays, Tsuzuki and colleagues identify the core transcription factor network directed by MEF2D fusions in B-ALL. The new findings demonstrate how activation of MEF2D fusions ultimately converge on pre-BCR signaling and lipid metabolism to drive malignant B-cell transformation.
See related article by Tsuzuki et al., p. 82.
The Landscape of Blood Cancer Research Today—and Where the Field Is Headed
Authors: Haloupek Nicole 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Summary:
This editorial integrates the views of Blood Cancer Discovery's editors-in-chief and scientific editors to explore the current and near-future landscape of the study of hematologic malignancies—from the most intriguing new developments in clinical and basic research to the greatest upcoming challenges and how they will be confronted.
A Road Map to IndOOS-2: Better Observations of the Rapidly Warming Indian Ocean
Authors: Beal L. M. , Vialard J. , Roxy M. K. , Li J. , Andres M. , Annamalai H. , Feng M. , Han W. , Hood R. , Lee T. , Lengaigne M. , Lumpkin R. , Masumoto Y. , McPhaden M. J. , Ravichandran M. , Shinoda T. , Sloyan B. M. , Strutton P. G. , Subramanian A. C. , Tozuka T. , Ummenhofer C. C. , Unnikrishnan A. S. , Wiggert J. , Yu L. , Cheng L. , Desbruyères D. G. , Parvathi V. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Indian Ocean Observing System (IndOOS), established in 2006, is a multinational network of sustained oceanic measurements that underpin understanding and forecasting of weather and climate for the Indian Ocean region and beyond. Almost one-third of humanity lives around the Indian Ocean, many in countries dependent on fisheries and rain-fed agriculture that are vulnerable to climate variability and extremes. The Indian Ocean alone has absorbed a quarter of the global oceanic heat uptake over the last two decades and the fate of this heat and its impact on future change is unknown. Climate models project accelerating sea level rise, more frequent extremes in monsoon rainfall, and decreasing oceanic productivity. In view of these new scientific challenges, a 3-yr international review of the IndOOS by more than 60 scientific experts now highlights the need for an enhanced observing network that can better meet societal challenges, and provide more reliable forecasts. Here we present core findings from this review, including the need for 1) chemical, biological, and ecosystem measurements alongside physical parameters; 2) expansion into the western tropics to improve understanding of the monsoon circulation; 3) better-resolved upper ocean processes to improve understanding of air–sea coupling and yield better subseasonal to seasonal predictions; and 4) expansion into key coastal regions and the deep ocean to better constrain the basinwide energy budget. These goals will require new agreements and partnerships with and among Indian Ocean rim countries, creating opportunities for them to enhance their monitoring and forecasting capacity as part of IndOOS-2.