bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quo vadis – Bergmännische Gebirgsmechanik?
Authors: Wagner Horst 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung der bergmännischen Gebirgsmechanik seit der Mitte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts. In diesem Zeitraum veränderte sich der Umgang mit der Gebirgsdruckproblematik im Bergbau von Grund auf. War ursprünglich der Schwerpunkt der Anstrengungen auf dem Gebiet des Grubenausbaus, d. h. der Beherrschung des druckhaften Gebirges, so liegt heute der Fokus der Bemühungen bei der Vermeidung des Auftretens druckhafter Situationen durch ingenieurmäßige Planung des Grubenzuschnitts und der Abbauführung. Möglich gemacht wurde dieser Paradigmenwechsel durch die Tätigkeit einer Reihe von europäischen und außereuropäischen Bergbauforschungsorganisationen, wie die des deutschen, englischen und französischen Steinkohlenbergbaus oder des südafrikanischen Steinkohle- und Goldbergbaus. Daneben waren auch einige staatliche industrienahe Forschungsorganisationen in Nordamerika und Australien involviert. In der Zeit von 1950 bis etwa 1980 wurde das wissenschaftliche Fundament der modernen Gebirgsmechanik geschaffen. Unterstützt durch Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der numerischen Analyse der komplexen Spannungs- und Verformungsvorgänge im Gebirge, als Folge des Abbaus der Rohstofflagerstätten, konnten mit Hilfe semi-empirischer Kriterien die Grundlagen für die ingenieurmäßige gebirgsmechanische Planung von Bergwerken geschaffen werden. Vom Nutzen dieser Entwicklung zehren wir heute. Nach erfolgreichem Wiederaufbau Europas nach dem 2. Weltkrieg und dem Wiedererstarken des europäischen Wirtschaftsraumes haben sich viele europäische Länder aus dem Bergbau und damit auch der Bergbauforschung zurückgezogen. Eine direkte Folge davon ist, dass die Bergbauforschung heute vornehmlich an Universitäten erfolgt. Diese sind jedoch nur in einem begrenzten Umfang in der Lage, eine strukturierte zukunftsorientierte Bergbauforschung durchzuführen. Die wesentlichen Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Grundlagen der Gebirgsmechanik, des Grubenausbaus und der Bergbauplanung werden dargestellt und es wird gezeigt, wie diese die Entwicklung der modernen Gebirgsmechanik geprägt haben. Die noch offenen Fragenkomplexe, die vornehmlich multi-disziplinärer Natur sind, werden angesprochen, wobei die Frage gestellt wird, ob die Universitätsstruktur geeignet ist, diese zu lösen.
Feather corticosterone in Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita: a stable matrix over time able to predict reproductive success
Authors: Monclús Laura , Tallo-Parra Oriol , Carbajal Anais , Quevedo Miguel Angel , Lopez-Bejar Manel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMeasuring corticosterone concentrations in feathers (FCC) has been increasingly used as an integrated index of bird’s response to stressors, offering valuable insights into subsequent carry-over effects. However, it is still unclear to what extent corticosterone levels deposited in feathers during the moulting period relate to individual physiology in high-energetic demanding situations. In addition, the stability and repeatability of FCC over the same feather generation and across successive generations are still unresolved questions. In this study, we assessed FCC in 24 captive Northern Bald Ibis, Geronticus eremita. We sampled body feathers on three occasions during two consecutive years (2015–2016) to explore within-individual stability of FCC in feathers grown during the same generation and test whether FCC was repeatable or varied between two consecutive generations. Then, we explored whether FCC (a) was associated with individual health status, (b) correlated with previous reproductive success and (c) was related to future reproductive success. Results showed high stability of FCC among feathers of the same generation, while FCC differed between successive generations. We also observed that FCC, age and health status were negatively associated with subsequent reproductive success the following season, while no association was found with previous reproductive success. Overall, our study supports the use of feathers as a stable measure of corticosterone over the same feather replacement generation and emphasizes the usefulness of FCC as a biomarker of subsequent reproductive success.
Combining sterile and incompatible insect techniques for the population suppression of Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Nikolouli K. , Sassù F. , Mouton L. , Stauffer C. , Bourtzis K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe spotted wingDrosophila,Drosophila suzukii, has recently invaded Europe and the Americas, and it is a major threat for a wide variety of commercial soft fruits both in open field and greenhouse production systems.D. suzukiiinfests a wide range of ripening fruits, leading to substantial yield and revenue losses. As the application of insecticides close to the harvest period poses great concerns, the development of an efficient environment-friendly control approach to fightD. suzukiiis necessary. In this study, we exploited the sterile insect technique (SIT) in combination withWolbachiasymbiosis as a population suppression approach that can constitute a potential component of an area-wide integrated pest management program. We aimed to establish a combined SIT/incompatible insect technique (IIT) protocol that would require lower irradiation doses as a complementary tool forD. suzukiimanagement. TwoD. suzukiilines trans-infected with theWolbachia wHa andwTei strains were irradiated at doses four times less than usual (e.g., 45 Gy), and the egg hatching and adult emergence were determined. Our results indicated thatwHa andwTei females as well aswHa males were sterile at this low dose. The longevity, adult emergence and flight ability of adults were evaluated, and no major effect caused by irradiation was detected. Our data indicate that a SIT/IIT protocol can be a competent approach forD. suzukiimanagement.
Effects of Maternal Suicidal Ideation on Child Cognitive Development: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Mebrahtu H. , Sherr L. , Simms V. , Weiss H. A. , Rehman A. M. , Ndlovu P. , Cowan F. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the association between suicidal ideation among mothers living with HIV in Zimbabwe and the cognitive development of their children. Participants were mother–child dyads recruited from two rural districts in Zimbabwe. Data were collected at baseline and 12 months follow-up. Suicidal ideation was assessed using item-10 from the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to assess the association of child cognitive outcomes at follow-up (using the Mullen scales of early learning) with maternal suicidal ideation. Mothers with suicidal ideation at baseline (n = 171) tended to be younger, unmarried, experienced moderate to severe hunger, had elevated parental stress and depression symptoms compared with non-suicidal mothers (n = 391). At follow-up, emerging maternal suicidal ideation was associated with poorer child cognitive outcomes (adjusted mean difference − 6.1; 95% CI − 10.3 to − 1.8; p = 0.03). Suicidal ideation affects child cognitive development and should be addressed, particularly in HIV positive mothers.
Exceptional spatio-temporal behavior mining through Bayesian non-parametric modeling
Authors: Du Xin , Pei Yulong , Duivesteijn Wouter , Pechenizkiy Mykola 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCollective social media provides a vast amount of geo-tagged social posts, which contain various records on spatio-temporal behavior. Modeling spatio-temporal behavior on collective social media is an important task for applications like tourism recommendation, location prediction and urban planning. Properly accomplishing this task requires a model that allows for diverse behavioral patterns on each of the three aspects: spatial location, time, and text. In this paper, we address the following question: how to find representative subgroups of social posts, for which the spatio-temporal behavioral patterns are substantially different from the behavioral patterns in the whole dataset? Selection and evaluation are the two challenging problems for finding the exceptional subgroups. To address these problems, we propose BNPM: a Bayesian non-parametric model, to model spatio-temporal behavior and infer the exceptionality of social posts in subgroups. By training BNPM on a large amount of randomly sampled subgroups, we can get the global distribution of behavioral patterns. For each given subgroup of social posts, its posterior distribution can be inferred by BNPM. By comparing the posterior distribution with the global distribution, we can quantify the exceptionality of each given subgroup. The exceptionality scores are used to guide the search process within the exceptional model mining framework to automatically discover the exceptional subgroups. Various experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method. On four real-world datasets our method discovers subgroups coinciding with events, subgroups distinguishing professionals from tourists, and subgroups whose consistent exceptionality can only be truly appreciated by combining exceptional spatio-temporal and exceptional textual behavior.
Secrecy and performance models for query processing on outsourced graph data
Authors: Suntaxi Gabriela , El Ghazi Aboubakr Achraf , Böhm Klemens 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDatabase outsourcing is a challenge concerning data secrecy. Even if an adversary, including the service provider, accesses the data, she should not be able to learn any information from the accessed data. In this paper, we address this problem for graph-structured data. First, we define a secrecy notion for graph-structured data based on the concepts of indistinguishability and searchable encryption. To address this problem, we propose an approach based on bucketization. Next to bucketization, it makes use of obfuscated indexes and encryption. We show that finding an optimal bucketization tailored to graph-structured data is NP-hard; therefore, we come up with a heuristic. We prove that the proposed bucketization approach fulfills our secrecy notion. In addition, we present a performance model for scale-free networks which consists of (1) a number-of-buckets model that estimates the number of buckets obtained after applying our bucketization approach and (2) a query-cost model. Finally, we demonstrate with a set of experiments the accuracy of our number-of-buckets model and the efficiency of our approach with respect to query processing.
ERG shrinks by 10% when reducing dark adaptation time to 10 min, but only for weak flashes
Authors: Bach Michael , Meroni Cornelia , Heinrich Sven P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To compare dark-adapted (DA) ERG between 10, 15 and 20 min of dark adaptation (DA).

Methods
In a counterbalanced random block design, 40 healthy adult subjects were dark-adapted for 10, 15 or 20 min before we recorded ERGs to nine flash strengths from 0.001 to 10.0 cd s/m2 (dilated pupils) with a DTL-like electrode. Before and between sessions, the room was lit. Apart from choosing a wider range of stimulus strengths, and adding shorter DA times, the recordings fully complied with the ISCEV ERG Standard, namely using corneal electrodes, mydriasis and a standard DA sequence.

Results
The a-wave amplitude was not affected by any adaptation condition. For the b-wave amplitude, effects of reduced DA time are stronger for weaker flashes: Reducing DA from 20 to 10 min had no measurable effect on the DA 3 ERG, but reduced the DA 0.01 b-wave significantly (p < 0.0001) to 87 ± 2% (mean ± SEM). The DA 0.001 b-wave (not part of the ISCEV ERG Standard) was more affected (down to 72 ± 4%). There was a small, but significant, increase, only for weak flashes, in a- and b-wave peak times for 20 compared to 10-min dark adaptation time.

Conclusion
Reducing dark adaptation time from 20 to 10 min in normal participants has no effect on the ISCEV DA 3 and DA 10 ERG. The reduction in DA 0.01 ERGs to 87 ± 2% agrees with Hamilton and Graham (Doc Ophthalmol 133:11–19, 2016. 10.1007/s10633-016-9554-x) who found 90 ± 2% and with Asakawa et al. (Doc Ophthalmol 139:33–44, 2019. 10.1007/s10633-019-09693-8) who found 83%. Pending verification in pathophysiological states, the current results suggest that one might be able to correct for the 10% amplitude loss when gaining 10 min through shortened DA.
The influence of conjugated linoleic acid on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and selected apoptotic genes in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Słowikowski Bartosz Kazimierz , Drzewiecka Hanna , Malesza Michał , Mądry Ida , Sterzyńska Karolina , Jagodziński Paweł Piotr 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn recent years, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) has been intensively studied. Because its activation is often associated with changes in the expression level of various apoptotic genes, many studies have emphasized the role of PPARγ as an important anticancer agent. However, in different types of cancer, different genes are influenced by PPARγ action. Previous studies showed that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was able to induce apoptosis, upregulate PPARG gene expression and activate PPARγ protein in certain human cancer cell lines. Moreover, some PPARγ agonists inhibited the growth of human lung cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis. Nevertheless, the impact of CLA on PPARγ mRNA and protein levels in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines has not been investigated thus far. Therefore, in our study, we analysed the influence of the c9,t11 linoleic acid isomer on the expression of PPARG and other genes involved in the apoptotic response (BCL-2, BAX, and CDKN1A) in two NSCLC cell lines of different histological origin (A549 and Calu-1) and in normal human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells. Cells were treated with several doses of c9,t11 CLA, followed by RNA and protein isolation, cDNA synthesis, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis. We showed that the investigated CLA isomer was able to enhance the expression of PPARγ in the examined cell lines and alter the mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in apoptosis. Fluorescent staining and MMT assay revealed the antiproliferative potential of CLA as well as its ability to activate pathways that lead to cell death.
Iron-Doping of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Lowers Their Toxic Potential on C6 Glioma Cells
Authors: Joshi Arundhati , Naatz Hendrik , Faber Kathrin , Pokhrel Suman , Dringen Ralf 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCopper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are well known for their cytotoxicity which in part has been attributed to the release of copper ions from CuO-NPs. As iron-doping has been reported to reduce the susceptibility of CuO-NPs to dissolution, we have compared pure CuO-NPs and CuO-NPs that had been doped with 10% iron (CuO-Fe-NPs) for copper release and for their toxic potential on C6 glioma cells. Physicochemical characterization revealed that dimercaptosuccinate (DMSA)-coated CuO-NPs and CuO-Fe-NPs did not differ in their size or zeta potential. However, the redox activity and liberation of copper ions from CuO-Fe-NPs was substantially slower compared to that from CuO-NPs, as demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry and by the photometric quantification of the copper ion-bathocuproine complex, respectively. Exposure of C6 cells to these NPs caused an almost identical cellular copper accumulation and each of the two types of NPs induced ROS production and cell toxicity. However, the time- and concentration-dependent loss in cell viability was more severe for cells that had been treated with CuO-NPs compared to cells exposed to CuO-Fe-NPs. Copper accumulation and toxicity after exposure to either CuO-NPs or CuO-Fe-NPs was prevented in the presence of copper chelators, while neutralization of the lysosomal pH by bafilomycin A1 prevented toxicity without affecting cellular copper accumulation or ROS production. These data demonstrate that iron-doping does not affect cellular accumulation of CuO-NPs and suggests that the intracellular liberation of copper ions from CuO-NPs is slowed by the iron doping, which in turn lowers the cell toxic potential of iron-doped CuO-NPs.
Interactions of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 10 and Cyclophilin D in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Kristofikova Zdenka , Springer Tomas , Gedeonova Erika , Hofmannova Adéla , Ricny Jan , Hromadkova Lenka , Vyhnalek Martin , Laczo Jan , Nikolai Tomas , Hort Jakub , Petrasek Tomas , Stuchlik Ales , Vales Karel , Klaschka Jan , Homola Jiri 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe nucleus-encoded 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10) regulates cyclophilin D (cypD) in the mitochondrial matrix. CypD regulates opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores. Both mechanisms may be affected by amyloid β peptides accumulated in mitochondria in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to clarify changes occurring in brain mitochondria, we evaluated interactions of both mitochondrial proteins in vitro (by surface plasmon resonance biosensor) and detected levels of various complexes of 17β-HSD10 formed in vivo (by sandwich ELISA) in brain mitochondria isolated from the transgenic animal model of AD (homozygous McGill-R-Thy1-APP rats) and in cerebrospinal fluid samples of AD patients. By surface plasmon resonance biosensor, we observed the interaction of 17β-HSD10 and cypD in a direct real-time manner and determined, for the first time, the kinetic parameters of the interaction (ka 2.0 × 105 M1s−1, kd 5.8 × 104 s−1, and KD 3.5 × 10–10 M). In McGill-R-Thy1-APP rats compared to controls, levels of 17β-HSD10–cypD complexes were decreased and those of total amyloid β increased. Moreover, the levels of 17β-HSD10–cypD complexes were decreased in cerebrospinal fluid of individuals with AD (in mild cognitive impairment as well as dementia stages) or with Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) compared to cognitively normal controls (the sensitivity of the complexes to AD dementia was 92.9%, that to FTLD 73.8%, the specificity to AD dementia equaled 91.7% in a comparison with the controls but only 26.2% with FTLD). Our results demonstrate the weakened ability of 17β-HSD10 to regulate cypD in the mitochondrial matrix probably via direct effects of amyloid β. Levels of 17β-HSD10–cypD complexes in cerebrospinal fluid seem to be the very sensitive indicator of mitochondrial dysfunction observed in neurodegeneration but unfortunately not specific to AD pathology. We do not recommend it as the new biomarker of AD.
Optical and structural-chemistry of SnS nanocrystals prepared by thermal decomposition of bis(N-di-isopropyl-N-octyl dithiocarbamato)tin(II) complex for promising materials in solar cell applications
Authors: Meyer Edson L. , Mbese Johannes Z. , Agoro Mojeed A. , Taziwa Raymond 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMixed ligand precursor complex bis(N-di-isopropyl-N-octyl dithiocarbamato)tin(II) complex was synthesized from its respective dithiocarbamate ligands, characterized and thermalized through thermogravimetric analysis to yield tin sulfide (SnS) nanocrystals. The thermal decomposition pattern was recorded as a function of the required temperature for the formation of the SnS nanocrystals at 360 °C. The SnS nanocrystals were characterized using optical, vibrational, structural and morphological analyses instruments. The obtained orthorhombic phase SnS nanocrystals showed indirect and direct optical energy band gaps close to the 1.5 eV of the bulk SnS.
Moral motivation and the affective appeal
Authors: Corns Jennifer , Cowan Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProponents of “the affective appeal” (e.g. Dancy in Ethics 124(4):787–812, 2014; Zagzebski in Philos Phenomenol Res 66(1):104–124, 2003) argue that we can make progress in the longstanding debate about the nature of moral motivation by appealing to the affective dimension of affective episodes such as emotions, which allegedly play either a causal or constitutive role in moral judgements. Specifically, they claim that appealing to affect vindicates a version of Motivational Internalism—roughly, the view that there is a necessary connection between moral judgment and motivation—that is both more empirically respectable and less theoretically controversial than non-affective versions. We here argue that the affective appeal fails: versions of Internalism which appeal to affect are neither more empirically supported, nor clearly less controversial, than versions of Internalism which make no such appeal. Although affect doubtless has an important role to play in explaining moral motivation, we are sceptical that establishing any such role advances the debate.
Cometary Nuclei—From Giotto to Rosetta
Authors: Keller Horst Uwe , Kührt Ekkehard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe will briefly recapitulate the beginning of modern cometary physic. Then we will assess the results of the cometary flyby missions previous to ESA’s Rosetta rendezvous with comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Emphasis is given to the physical properties of cometary nuclei. We will relate the results of the Rosetta mission to those of the flybys. A major conclusion is that the visited cometary nuclei seem to be alike but represent different stages of evolution. Coma composition and appearance are not only controlled by the composition of the nucleus but also strongly influenced by the shape and rotation axis orientation of the nucleus and resulting seasons that generate varying surface coverage by back fall material. Rosetta showed that the coma composition is not only varying spatially but also strongly with time during the perihelion passage. Hence past interpretations of cometary coma observations have to be re-considered. Finally, we will try to assess the impact of the cornerstone mission leading to a critical evaluation of the mission results. Lessons learned from Rosetta are discussed; major progress and open points in cometary research are reviewed.
Fame in the predictive brain: a deflationary approach to explaining consciousness in the prediction error minimization framework
Authors: Dołęga Krzysztof , Dewhurst Joe E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe proposal that probabilistic inference and unconscious hypothesis testing are central to information processing in the brain has been steadily gaining ground in cognitive neuroscience and associated fields. One popular version of this proposal is the new theoretical framework of predictive processing or prediction error minimization (PEM), which couples unconscious hypothesis testing with the idea of ‘active inference’ and claims to offer a unified account of perception and action. Here we will consider one outstanding issue that still looms large at the core of the PEM framework: the lack of a clear criterion for distinguishing conscious states from unconscious ones. In order to fulfill the promise of becoming a unifying framework for describing and modeling cognition, PEM needs to be able to differentiate between conscious and unconscious mental states or processes. We will argue that one currently popular view, that the contents of conscious experience are determined by the ‘winning hypothesis’ (i.e. the one with the highest posterior probability, which determines the behavior of the system), falls short of fully accounting for conscious experience. It ignores the possibility that some states of a system can control that system’s behavior even though they are apparently not conscious (as evidenced by e.g. blindsight or subliminal priming). What follows from this is that the ‘winning hypothesis’ view does not provide a complete account of the difference between conscious and unconscious states in the probabilistic brain. We show how this problem (and some other related problems) for the received view can be resolved by augmenting PEM with Daniel Dennett’s multiple drafts model of consciousness. This move is warranted by the similar roles that attention and internal competition play in both the PEM framework and the multiple drafts model.