bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Activity of Tetracycline Analogs against Multidrug-resistant and Extensive drug resistance Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Ouyang Qi , Lin Dachuan , Deng Guofang , Wen Zhihua , Liu Houming , Li Hongzhen , Cai Yi , Chen Xinchun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a big threaten to global health . The current strategy for treatment of MDR-TB and extensive drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is with low efficacy and high side effect. While new drug is fundamental for cure MDR-TB, repurposing the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs represents an alternative soluation with less cost.Methods The activity of 8 tetracycline-class antibiotics against mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb ) were determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) in vitro. A transposon M.smeg libraries was generated by using the Harm phage and then used to isolate the conditional growth mutants in doxycycline containing plate. 11 mutants were isolated and genomic DNAs were extracted using the cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method and analyzed by whole genome sequencing.Results We found that three of eight drugs efficiently inhibited mycobacteria growth under the peak plasma concentration in the human body. Further tests showed these three tetracycline analogs (demeclocycline, doxycycline and methacycline) had antimicrobial activity against seven clinical isolates, including MDR and XDR strains. Among them, Doxycycline had the lowest MICs in all mycobacteria strains tested in this study. By using a transposon library, we identify the insertion of transposon in two genes, porin and MshA, associate with the resistant to doxycycline.Conclusions Our findings show that tetracycline analogs such as doxycycline, has bactericidal activity against not only drug sensitive M.tb , but also clinical MDR and XDR strains, provided proof of concept to repurpose doxycycline to fight MDR-TB and XDR-TB. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the underlying mechanism and optimize the strategy in combination with other anti-TB drugs.
Understanding Women’s Anxiety and Uncertainty attending a Rapid Diagnostic Clinic for Suspicious Breast Abnormality: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Maheu Christine , Lord Bridgette , Wang Christine , Tanimizu Ai , McCready David R. , Galica Jacqueline , Howell Doris 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Rapid diagnostic centres (RDC) for breast abnormality offer a speedier process from the discovery of a suspicious breast lump to same-day investigation and confirmation of a breast cancer diagnosis. Study purpose: We aim to assess the anxiety and uncertainty levels of women going through an RDC and explore women’s needs for support during the diagnostic period. Methods: Thirteen women who attended an RDC in 2014 took part in a sequential mixed-method study to assess anxiety and uncertainty levels. Measures were taken at pre and post-testing, at three weeks following receipt of results followed by a semi-structured telephone interview. Results: The mixed data results mainly showed congruence between women scoring high on anxiety and uncertainty levels and their detailed descriptions of the experience as stressful. Overall, uncertainty and anxiety levels were above the clinical threshold while awaiting further testing. These levels remained high only for the subgroup found with cancer and remained high at the three-week mark. As for the benign group, anxiety was above cut-off before diagnosis (n=6), decreased to below clinical cut-off three days following diagnosis (n=0), and increased again above cut-off three weeks post-diagnosis (n=2). Discussion and Conclusion: While speedier testing may reduce waiting times to obtain further tests, results suggest that the period leading up to the day of testing is anxiety-provoking and marked with intense uncertainty. Results suggest the potential role of nurses to support waiting for patients with education and resources. These results illustrate the need for further investigation into psychological support options at RDCs.
The loss of photosynthesis pathway in a holoparasitic plant Aeginetia indica revealed by plastid genome and transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Chen Jingfang , Yu Runxian , Dai Jinhong , Liu Ying , Zhou Renchao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background With three origins of holoparasitism, Orobanchaceae provides an ideal system to study the evolution of holoparasitic lifestyle in plants. The evolution of holoparasitism can be revealed by plastid genome degradation and the coordinated changes in the nuclear genome, since holoparasitic plants lost the capability of photosynthesis. Among the three clades with holoparasitic plants in Orobanchaceae, only Clade VI has no available plastid genome sequences for holoparasitic plants.Results In this study, we sequenced the plastome and transcriptome of Aeginetia indica , a holoparasitic plant in Clade VI of Orobanchaceae, to study its plastome evolution and the corresponding changes in the nuclear genome as a response of the loss of photosynthetic function. Its plastome is reduced to 86,212 bp in size, and almost all photosynthesis-related genes were lost. Most protein coding genes in the plastome showed the signal of relaxation of purifying selection. Plastome and transcriptome analyses indicated that the photosynthesis pathway is completely lost, and that the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathways are partially retained, although chlorophyll synthesis is not possible.Conclusions Our study suggests the loss of photosynthesis-related functions in A. indica in both the nuclear and plastid genomes. The Aeginetia indica plastome also provides a resource for comparative studies on the repeated evolution of holoparasitism in Orobanchaceae.
Allogeneic human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in children: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial(the MSC-BPD Trial)
Authors: Wu Xian , Xia Yunqiu , Zhou Ou , Song Yan , Zhang Xianhong , Tian Daiyin , Li Qubei , Shu Chang , Liu Enmei , Yuan Xiaoping , He Ling , Liu Chengjun , Li Jing , Liang Xiaohua , Yang Ke , Fu Zhou , Zou Lin , Bao Lei , Dai Jihong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex lung pathological lesion secondary to multiple factors and one of the most common chronic lung diseases with a poor prognosis, especially in preterm infants. However, effective therapies for this disease are lacking. Stem cell therapy is a promising way to improve lung injury and abnormal alveolarization, and the human umbilical cord (hUC) is a good source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have demonstrated efficacy in other diseases. We hypothesized that intravenous allogeneic hUC-MSCs are safe and effective for severe BPD. Methods: The MSC-BPD trial is a randomized single-center open-label dose-escalation phase II trial designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of hUC-MSCs in children with severe BPD. In this study, 72 patients will be enrolled and randomly divided into two intervention groups and one control group. Patients in the intervention groups will receive a low dose of hUC-MSCs (n = 24; 2.5 million cells/kg) or a high dose of hUC-MSCs (n = 24; 5 million cells/kg) in combination with traditional supportive treatments for BPD. The patients in the control group (n = 24) will be treated with traditional supportive treatments alone without hUC-MSCs. The primary outcome measures will be cumulative duration of oxygen therapy. Follow-up assessments will be performed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-intervention, and the key outcome during follow-up will be changes on chest radiography. Statistical analyses will evaluate the efficacy of the hUC-MSC treatment. Discussion: This will be the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous hUC-MSCs in children with severe BPD. Its results will provide a new evidence-based therapy for severe BPD. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03601416; registered on July 26, 2018) Keywords: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, clinical trial, protocol
Görsel Kültürde Ekran ve Gelişim Süreci
Authors: Eken Begum 
Published: November 2019

Bugün
ekranlar olmadan bir yaşam sürdürmek neredeyse olanaksızdır. Televizyon ve
büyük ekranlar, bilgisayar ekranları,
akıllı telefon, tablet ve hatta saat ekranları çağdaş hayata nüfuz etmiş ve
artık insanların hem yaşam hem de çalışma biçimlerini şekillendirmiştir. Bugün,
ekran temelli arayüzler bizi biz yapan farklı iletişim şekillerini oluşturan
araçlar haline gelmişlerdir. Fakat, bir asırdan daha uzun bir süre öncesine
kadar ekranlar, görsel-işitsel ve kişileri birbirine bağlayan günümüzde
kullanıldığı şekilleriyle gündelik hayatta yoktu. Ekran kelimesinin uzun ve
karmaşık evrim süreci medyaya ulaşmış ve ‘ekranlar’ medya alanının önemli bir
parçası haline gelmeyi başarmıştır. Akıllı cihazlar sadece son yirmi yıl içinde
kültürümüzde ortak bir varlık haline geldiyse de, diğer yandan ekran, değişik
form ve mecralarda yüzyıllar boyunca görsel bilgi sunmak için kullanılmıştır.
Ekranın tarihi, çağlar boyunca bir ilgi unsuru olarak gerçeklik ve sanal
arasında kurulan bir köprü deneyimi sunduğunu gösteren örneklerle doludur. Bu
araştırma, ekranın etimolojik geçmişi ve ekran kültürünün kısa tarihsel
gelişimi üzerine şekillenmektedir.
Performance Optimization of IoT Networks Within the Gateway Layer
Authors: Sastry J.K.R. , Ramya G. Sri , Niharika V.M. , Sowmya K.V. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
IoT networks are being used frequently for meeting the requirements of
some specifications such as applications related to automobiles, aerospace, etc. The performance is
always an issue as many intricacies exist built into the developed IoT networks such as handling heterogeneity,
failures of communication paths, lack of bandwidth, non-availability of alternate paths
for communication, etc. Many layers exist in an IoT network. Each layer built using specific technology
and is faced with many performance bottlenecks addressed. The performance of the entire
network is affected when there are many performance issues in any layer. The performance of an
IoT network must be analyzed considering all the layers and the issues related to those layers.

Objective:
The main objective of this paper is to present the way the performance of an IoT network
improved by using a specific networking topology used at the gateway level of the IoT network.

Methods:
Receiving data in multiple low-speed channels using different communication systems,
stacking the same and transmitting results using the splitters using dual high-speed channels to improve
the time required for transmission and also to reduce the latency at the gateway level.

Results:
The splitter method introduced at the gateway level improved the performance of the IoT
network from 1519 Microseconds to 1029 Microseconds for transmitting 100 data packets either
way. Throughput as such improved from 0.31 packets / Microsecond to 0.19 packets / Microsecond.

Conclusions:
The performance of IoT networks suffers due to various reasons. The performance of an IoT
network gets improved at gateway by using splitters that merge and bifurcate the communication traffic.
Learning problems: pedagogical intervention
Authors: Sanchez Paola Katherine Moreira , Lopez Carlos Geovanny Naranjo , Lopez María Mercedes Lopez , Figueroa Yiria Giovinezza Macías 
Published: November 2019

Learning problems Pedagogical intervention is necessary studies in the educational field, in which all teachers must have adequately trained. The general objective of the present investigation was to know the difficulties that the students have in the process of knowledge acquisition, for it a bibliographical revision on disorders and symptoms of learning has carried out. Types of dyslexia; cognitive stages in the development of the child; In addition, the methodology applied was qualitative and descriptive, which allowed understanding and interpreting situations in the development of information about learning problems and pedagogical intervention. Among the methods used was the heuristic, which led to the discovery of problems in student learning; Field research has also carried out. The analysis and interpretation of results gave way to establish strategies in the use of pedagogical tools that improve the difficulty of learning.
Development of a High-Speed Digitizer to Time Resolve Nanosecond Fluorescence Pulses
Authors: Moreno-García E. , Galicia-Mejía R. , Jiménez-Olarte D. , Vázquez J. M. de la Rosa , Stolik-Isakina S. 
Published: November 2019

The development of a high-speed digitizer system to measure time-domain voltage pulses in nanoseconds range is presented in this work. The digitizer design includes a high performance digital signal processor, a high-bandwidth analog-to-digital converter of flash-type, a set of delay lines, and a computer to achieve the time-domain measurements. A program running on the processor applies a time-equivalent sampling technique to acquire the input pulse. The processor communicates with the computer via a serial port RS-232 to receive commands and to transmit data. A control program written in LabVIEW 7.1 starts an acquisition routine in the processor. The program reads data from processor point by point in each occurrence of the signal, and plots each point to recover the time-resolved input pulse after n occurrences. The developed prototype is applied to measure fluorescence pulses from a homemade spectrometer. For this application, the LabVIEW program was improved to control the spectrometer, and to register and plot time-resolved fluorescence pulses produced by a substance. The developed digitizer has 750 MHz of analog input bandwidth, and it is able to resolve 2 ns rise-time pulses with 150 ps of resolution and a temporal error of 2.6 percent.
TINJAUAN FILFASAT DALAM PARIWISATA BUDAYA
Authors: Hutama Pandu Satriya , Negoro Abdul Haris Suryo 
Published: November 2019

Kebudayaan membawa implikasi positif dalam menggali antusiasme motivasi wisatawan untuk melihat dan merasakan budaya asli suatu masyarakat. Dalam aspek lain, pariwisata menjadi katalisator pengembangan dan konservasi kebudayaan. Juga membuka peluang dampak negatif terhadap eksploitasi dan komersialisme budaya. Dalam konteks filsafati, aktivitas kebudayaan suatu masyarakat memiliki seperangkat nilai, norma dan kebiasaan, hasil kebudayaan, mampu memberikan efek manfaat dan melindungi anggotanya, dipertahankan dalam kurun waktu lintas generasi. Pariwisata budaya dalam tinjauan filsafat, menjawab konsepsi suatu unsur budaya masyarakat dalam menciptakan peluang positif, nilai-nilai keunikan dan mencegah tumbuhkembangnya aspek-aspek negatif dari keberadaan aktivitas pariwisata.Kata Kunci: Filsafat; Wisatawan; Pariwisata Budaya
Peningkatan Kemampuan Representasi Matematis melalui Model Problem-Based Learning pada Siswa SMP/MTs
Authors: Susanti Susanti , Duskri M , Rahmi Melya 
Published: November 2019

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan tentang kemampuan representasi matematis siswa melalui model PBL, maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa siswa yang berkemampuan tinggi dan sedang memenuhi ketiga indikator kemampuan representasi matematis yaitu menuliskan langkah-langkah penyelesaian masalah matematika dengan kata-kata, menyajikan data atau informasi dari suatu masalah ke representasi gambar, diagram, grafik atau tabel , serta menyelesaikan masalah yang melibatkan ekspresi matematis. Siswa berkemampuan rendah memenuhi dua indikator kemampuan representasi matematis yaitu menuliskan langkah-langkah penyelesaian masalah matematika dengan kata-kata dan menyelesaikan masalah yang melibatkan ekspresi matematis. Disarankan kepada pihak lain untuk melakukan penelitian yang sama pada materi yang berbeda sebagai bahan perbandingan dengan hasil penelitian ini atau materi yang sama namun mendapatan nilai N-Gain dengan kategori “tinggi”.Terima kasih kepada seluruh pihak yang telah ikut serta membantu dan mengevaluasi jurnal ini. terima kasih kepada pembimbing, guru disekolah para dosen dan juga teman-teman semua. Semoga jurnal ini bermanfaat.
RANCANGAN JOBSHEET SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATA PELAJARAN GAMBAR TEKNIK SISWA KELAS X DPIB DI SMKN 1 KOTO XI TARUSAN
Authors: Aulia Putri Intan , Rifwan, S.Pd, MT Fitra 
Published: November 2019

Abstrak - Jobsheet merupakan salah satu bahan ajar yang dapat membantu guru dan siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Namun kenyataannya, jobsheet mata pelajaran Gambar Teknik di SMKN 1 Koto XI Tarusan yang ada belum memenuhi kebutuhan dalam belajar. Akibatnya siswa kurang memahami pembelajaran yang diberikan guru sehingga berdampak pada hasil belajarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan jobsheet sesuai dengan Kurikulum 2013. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (R& D) dengan model pengembangan Four-D Models oleh Thiagaradjan. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket/kuesioner dengan skala Likert 4 pilihan jawaban. Angket divalidasi oleh 2 ahli materi dan 1 ahli media, kemudian dilakukan uji coba lapangan ke siswa Kelas X DPIB dengan cara membagikan jobhseet Gambar Teknik yang telah dibuat.Kelayakan jobsheetdinilai melalui angket/kuesioner. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa hasil penilaian ahli materi yang mencakup aspek kelayakan isi, aspek kebahasaan, aspek sajian, dan aspek manfaat mencapai nilai rata-rata 96 termasuk kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian ahli media yang meliputi aspek tampilan, kemudahan penggunaan, konsistensi, format dan kegrafikan mencapai nilai 80 dan temasuk kategori sangat baik. Penilaian respon siswa memperoleh nilai rata-rata 77,98 dengan kategori sangat baik. Kata kunci : Penelitian, Pengembangan, Jobsheet dan Gambar Teknik
Face Management and Issues of Power, Solidarity, and Distance: Socio-Pragmatic Influences on Literary Discourses
Authors: Kumar V. Vinod , Thakur Vijay Singh , James Justin 
Published: November 2019

<p><em>Literature, in many ways, reflects human societies. Literature is mainly a linguistic and aesthetic reflection of how human beings conduct their personal and social lives. The use of language by nature is a social activity. Human beings conduct all aspects of their lives through language. In the backdrop of this premise, human communication is, by nature, social communication. Furthermore, language is shaped by societies and, in turn, societies are also shaped by the language they shape. The human communication functions and works on the social aspects related to who speaks to whom, when, in what language, where, how, and for what purpose. In all contexts, the sociolinguistic aspects of power principle, solidarity principle, distance, and face management play an influential role in determining the tenor, tone and mode of communication. This paper attempts to examine, analyze and discuss the socio-pragmatic perspectives that shape, guide, and give direction to inter-personal human communication. This analytical discussion of the socio-pragmatic aspects of language use will be carried out through sociolinguistic analyses of dialogic discourses from the magnum opus A Suitable Boy (ASB) authored by Vikram Seth, which is considered to be an authentic socio-cultural document of India. </em></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>face management, power principle, socio-pragmatic influences, solidarity principle</em></p><p> </p>
Colonization and Cultural Values of Yorùbá People: A Case of Traditional Drums in Yorùbá Land
Authors: Agnes ALÁDÉSANMÍ Ọmọ́bọ́lá 
Published: November 2019

Culture is one of the marks by which a community of people of a nation is normally identified. Culture is a phenomenon that distinguishes one ethnic tribe from the other. Various cultures can be identified among the people that are found in a particular community setting. Some cultures can be similar among different people but cultures that differ one from the other are peculiar to people of various tribes. Culture and tradition are sometimes used interchangeably. However, these two concepts have some differences. Tradition is rooted in religious beliefs of a people while culture is embedded in the social activities and social values of a people. Culture is multi-dimensional. Among the Yorùbá ethnic group of South Western Nigeria, there are different cultures that can be identified. Some of these cultures include but not limited to: tribal marks, mode of greetings, dressing/hairstyle and music in which drums are embedded. The focus of this paper is on the use of traditional drums among the Yorùbá. The paper shall examine the origin of drum beating, types of drums and the type of drum beating that is peculiar to each activity and the phenomenon of drum beating in the past and now. The paper discusses the influence the modern technological development has brought into the issue of traditional drums both in positive and negative ways. The paper concludes that this culture is gradually fading away among the Yorùbá people and observed that this is due to the fact that not much value is placed on Yorùbá culture anymore and this is very inimical to the socio-cultural belief of the people.
Pengaruh Media Gambar Sketsa Terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Karangan Deskripsi di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Anriyani Anriyani 
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk penerapan penggunaan media gambar sketsa terhadap keterampilan menulis karangan deskripsi dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media gambar sketsa terhadap keterampilan menulis karangan deskripsi pada siswa kelas III di SDN 50 Bulu Datu Kota Palopo. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian desain atau rancangan Quasi Experimental Design dengan teknik penelitian Nonequivalent Control Group Design dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Adapun instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran tanpa media gambar memberikan pengaruh terhadap pemberian media gambar sketsa terhadap keterampilan menulis karangan deskripsi siswa kelas III SDN 50 Bulu Datu Kota Palopo dengan uji kesamaan dua rata-rata kondisi akhir antara kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen, diperoleh deviasi standar gabungan (dsg) = 8,1430dan Zhitung= 10,5367 dan Ztabel = 1,96. Dimana taraf signifikan ± = 0,05. Karena Zhitung> Ztabel maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Artinya, rata-rata nilai pemahaman konsep kelas eksperimen tergolong baik dari kelas kontrol. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian media gambar sketsa dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menulis karangan deskripsi siswa kelas III SDN 50 Bulu Datu Kota Palopo. Hasil analisis data yang dilakukan setelah diterapkan media gambar yang berbeda pada kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen, terlihat bahwa nilai keterampilan menulis karangan deskripsi kedua kelas tersebut berbeda secara nyata. Artinya kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol memiliki perbedaan yang cukup signifikan.