bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal influence caused by the vertical distribution of reflected solar radiation and re‐radiation on the building in various climate areas and its solar shading method
Authors: Kawasaki Kengo , Aoki Tetsu , Sudo Mine , Mizutani Akio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMost houses in Japan have the floor‐length windows to take the natural light into the room. Reflected solar radiation and Re‐radiation from the ground (Reflection) enter through the window and increase the cooling load, therefore reducing reflection to the building is necessary. We focused that reflection is greatly affected by the ground surface, its heat flux may vary depending on the height from the ground. This study presented the thermal influence by the vertical distribution of reflection on the building in various climate areas and considered the solar shading method based on that distribution. The calculation results using Sol‐Air Temperature showed that the incident heat flux of reflection increased on the lower part of the building surface, and the vertical distribution of reflection existed in various areas. We propose to shield up to the lower half part of the building as a solar shading method considering the vertical distribution of reflection. This method could be able to shield most of reflection and incorporate natural light from the top half of the window to ensure room brightness and view, that is expected to be effective in improving indoor comfort and reducing the load of cooling and lighting.
Successful postoperative analgesia with ilio‐inguinal nerve block following sclerotherapy for a labial venous malformation
Authors: Kim S. , Josephs S. , Tsui B. C. H 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThough ilio‐inguinal nerve block has been commonly utilised in male urologic surgery, a single injection ilio‐inguinal nerve block alone has not previously been reported for analgesia of the vulva. In this report, we describe the case of a 14‐year‐old girl undergoing sclerotherapy of a venous malformation affecting the labia majora and minora. After induction of anaesthesia, we performed an ultrasound‐guided ilio‐inguinal nerve block using a total volume of 15 ml of ropivacaine 0.2% with 1 μg.ml−1 dexmedetomidine which provided effective postoperative analgesia. Though the patient received intravenous analgesia intra‐operatively and had an inpatient bed reserved in anticipation of severe postoperative pain, she required no further analgesia and was discharged home following 2 hours in the postoperative anaesthesia care unit. With the additional use of dexmedetomidine resulting in prolonged efficacy of the block, the patient reported effective postoperative relief for approximately 30 hours, solely using ibuprofen for pain relief. This case reminds clinicians that the ilio‐inguinal nerve block may provide benefit not only for male urologic surgery but also for procedures involving the external female genitalia, with extended analgesia with the use of dexmedetomidine.
The expert novice – living and working with malignant hyperthermia
Authors: Robbins L. V. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryAcute care common stem training involves developing competencies within anaesthesia. At this stage of their career, most doctors have little or no anaesthetic experience, and work under direct consultant supervision for the majority of the placement. An emergency medicine trainee with a known diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia undertook a 6‐month anaesthetic rotation in a large teaching hospital, adding a unique set of considerations to his training. Having malignant hyperthermia posed a novel challenge to the department, and it was met with an understandable degree of uncertainty and caution. Providing the trainee with a useful and comparable introduction to anaesthesia was of concern, particularly on paediatric lists where there is increased potential for exposure to volatile anaesthetic agents. This report focuses on the trainee's personal reflection of the impact on his experience, as well as looking at how the department responded to this unfamiliar situation, and the learning points to share should a similar scenario be encountered in the future.
Management of tracheostomy‐related tracheomegaly in a patient with COVID‐19 pneumonitis
Authors: Harper S. , Robinson M. , Manning G. , Jones A. , Hobson J. , Shelton C. L. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryAcquired tracheomegaly is a rare condition associated with pulmonary fibrosis, connective tissue disease and the use of cuffed tracheal tubes. We describe the urgent tracheal re‐intubation and subsequent tracheal repair of a previously well 58‐year‐old man who developed tracheostomy‐related tracheomegaly during prolonged mechanical ventilation for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonitis. Urgent tracheal re‐intubation was required due to a persistent cuff leak, pneumomediastinum and malposition of the tracheostomy tube. We describe the additional challenges and risks associated with airway management in patients with tracheomegaly, and discuss how even in urgent cases these can be mitigated through planning and teamwork. We present a stepwise approach to tracheal re‐intubation past a large tracheal dilatation, including the use of an Aintree catheter inserted via the existing tracheal stoma for oxygenation or tracheal re‐intubation if required. Computed tomography imaging was valuable in characterising the defect and developing a safe airway management strategy before starting the procedure. This report emphasises the role of planning, teamwork and the development of an appropriate airway strategy in the safe management of complex cases.
Apnoeic ventilation for shared airway surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Rotman A. , Dando A. J. , Shorthouse J. , Girgis M. , Nouraei S. A. R. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis report describes the care provided to a 64‐year‐old woman presenting with airway obstruction following recovery from COVID‐19 pneumonitis, prolonged tracheal intubation and tracheostomy weaning. Her initial admission was with COVID‐19 pneumonitis during the first surge of cases in early 2020, and was complicated by multiple bilateral segmental pulmonary emboli, a 28‐day stay in intensive care, 16 days of mechanical ventilation and finally, a tracheostomy with subsequent weaning of respiratory support and rehabilitation. On presentation, her symptoms of airway obstruction were because of significant granuloma of the posterior glottis and subglottis, as well as a mild lambdoid deformity at the site of her previous tracheostomy. The key learning points described relate to the use of apnoeic oxygenation during the COVID‐19 pandemic, managing the shared airway, as well as the management of post‐intubation laryngotracheal complications.
Treatment of gray wastewater and heavy metal removal from aqueous medium using hydrogels based on novel crosslinkers
Authors: Mishra Anamica , Nath Amar , Pande Poorn Prakash , Shankar Ravi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWater contamination by heavy metals is a serious environmental problem. Several adsorbents with high adsorption capacity have been reported by researchers. In this paper we report the application of a new crosslinker allyl sorbitol (AS), and two other crosslinkers viz. allyl mannitol (AM) and allyl pentaerythritol (AP), toward the synthesis of polymer hydrogels. These hydrogels have been utilized for the removal of heavy metal ions from water. Chemically crosslinked polyacrylic acid hydrogels have been prepared using these crosslinkers viz. AS or AM or AP. The synthesized crosslinked hydrogels have been utilized for the removal of heavy metal ions from water. The maximum copper (Cu) metal ion removal of 81.8, 81.6, 86.8% and adsorption capacity of 409, 408, 434 mg/g were found with AS, AM and AP crosslinker based hydrogels respectively. While the maximum nickel (Ni) metal ion removal of 96.8, 96.6, 99.0% and adsorption capacity of 484, 483, 495 mg/g were found with AS, AM and AP crosslinkers based hydrogels respectively. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of 72, 74, 78% and total dissolved solids reduction of 86%, 83%, 95% were found with AS, AM, AP based polymer gel respectively. Approximately, 439.2, 451.4, and 475.8 (mg COD removed/g polymer gel) of pollutants reduction capacity was achieved during their treatment.
Development and implementation of an analysis tool for direct current electrical circuits
Authors: Pehlivan Huseyin , Atalar Celal , Zavrak Sultan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElectrical circuits constitute the core of many courses at the undergraduate level in electrical and electronics engineering. For most undergraduate students, learning and analyzing such circuits are a difficult process. A significant drawback of Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE)‐based simulation tools in terms of e‐learning is that they only generate circuit simulation outputs, such as the current and voltage of electrical elements contained in a particular circuit. The users are not provided with the detailed information about the steps that are followed to obtain the related outputs. This study describes the development of a new software tool, called ECDAT (a shorthand for the Electrical Circuit Description and Analysis Tool), which can serve as a practical component of electrical circuits courses. The developed tool currently analyzes simple direct electric circuits in a similar way as the existing circuit analysis and simulation ones, and it produces an output document that includes the certain equations and intermediate calculations, using the well‐known circuit laws differently from the previous works. Another contribution of the study is that, unlike the modified nodal analysis method used in SPICE‐based circuit analysis programs, it employs a graph analysis method for circuit analysis.
Ambient carbon monoxide exposure and elevated risk of mortality in the glioblastoma patients: A double‐cohort retrospective observational study
Authors: Yoon Seon‐Jin , Noh Juhwan , Son Hye Young , Moon Ju Hyung , Kim Eui‐Hyun , Park Sahng Wook , Kim Se Hoon , Chang Jong Hee , Huh Yong‐Min , Kang Seok‐Gu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn increasing number of studies indicate air pollutants infiltrate into the brain. We aimed to find the association of cumulative air pollution exposure in the main body of primary brain tumor: glioblastoma (GBM). In this double‐cohort, retrospective analysis study with a protocol, we compared the health effect of air pollution on the GBM patients from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program) in 27 U.S. counties from 10 states and GBM patients of Severance cohort of Korea. From 2000 to 2015, 10621 GBM patients of the SEER were individually evaluated for the cumulative average exposure for each pollutant, and 9444 (88.9%) mortality events were reported. From 2011 to 2018, 398 GBM patients of the Severance with the same protocol showed 259 (65.1%) mortality events. The multi‐pollutant models show that the association level of risk with CO is increased in the SEER (HR 1.252; 95% CI 1.141‐1.373) with an increasing linear trend of relative death rate in the spline curve. The Severance GBM data showed such a statistically significant result of the health impact of CO on GBM patients. The overall survival gain of the less exposure group against CO was 2 and 3 months in the two cohorts. Perioperative exposure to CO may increase the risk of shorter survival of GBM patients of the SEER and the Severance cohort.
Influence of chloride and pH on the pitting mechanism of Zn‐Ni alloy coating in sodium chloride solutions
Authors: Anwar Shams , Khan Faisal , Caines Susan , Abbassi Rouzbeh , Zhang Yahui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the pitting corrosion behaviour of Zn‐Ni alloy coatings in NaCl solutions with different chloride concentrations and pH. The pitting‐behaviour investigation is done using an optical microscope, potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel slopes), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) integrated with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The design of the experiment with three‐level fractional factorial design (FFD) is used to analyze the behaviour of pitting corrosion. The pitting behaviour in acidic solution with low chloride concentration was found to be significantly different from that in the neutral solution with high chloride concentration. Electrochemical analysis indicates that the corrosion behaviour of samples immersed at 0.35 moL/L NaCl and pH 3.0 at different exposure times have low impedance values compared to the 0.35 moL/L NaCl and pH 7.0 samples. SEM images show that the pH and chloride concentration in the electrolyte has a significant influence on the pitting morphology. Exclusive large pit morphology in an acidic solution (pH 3.0) with low chloride concentration (0.35 moL/L) was also observed. This provides new insight into pitting behaviour on a coated material. The study will serve a valuable tool toward designing or selecting metal coatings for marine or corrosive environments.
Long noncoding RNA repressor of adipogenesis negatively regulates the adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through the hnRNP A1‐PTX3‐ERK axis
Authors: Pan Yiqian , Xie Zhongyu , Cen Shuizhong , Li Ming , Liu Wenjie , Tang Su'an , Ye Guiwen , Li Jinteng , Zheng Guan , Li Zhaofeng , Yu Wenhui , Wang Peng , Wu Yanfeng , Shen Huiyong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate via osteogenesis and adipogenesis. The mechanism underlying MSC lineage commitment still remains incompletely elucidated. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of MSC differentiation will help researchers induce MSCs toward specific lineages for clinical use. In this research, we intended to figure out the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that plays a central role in MSC fate determination and explore its application value in tissue engineering.MethodsThe expression pattern of lncRNAs during MSC osteogenesis/adipogenesis was detected by microarray and qRT‐PCR. Lentivirus and siRNAs were constructed to regulate the expression of lncRNA repressor of adipogenesis (ROA). MSC osteogenesis/adipogenesis was evaluated by western blot and alizarin red/oil red staining. An adipokine array was used to select the paracrine/autocrine factor PTX3, followed by RNA interference or recombinant human protein stimulation to confirm its function. The activation of signaling pathways was also detected by western blot, and a small molecule inhibitor, SCH772984, was used to inhibit the activation of the ERK pathway. The interaction between ROA and hnRNP A1 was detected by RNA pull‐down and RIP assays. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to confirm the binding of hnRNP A1 to the PTX3 promotor. Additionally, an in vivo adipogenesis experiment was conducted to evaluate the regulatory value of ROA in tissue engineering.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrated that MSC adipogenesis is regulated by lncRNA ROA both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ROA inhibits MSC adipogenesis by downregulating the expression of the key autocrine/paracrine factor PTX3 and the downstream ERK pathway. This downregulation was achieved through transcription inhibition by impeding hnRNP A1 from binding to the promoter of PTX3.ConclusionsROA negatively regulates MSC adipogenesis through the hnRNP A1‐PTX3‐ERK axis. ROA may be an effective target for modulating MSCs in tissue engineering.
The effect of serial administration of bicarbonate on plasma total CO2concentrations in horses
Authors: Bailey Simon R. , Forbes Grace , Selvadurai Naomi , McLarney Katelin , Jones Susan , Steel Catherine M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe administration of alkalinising agents including bicarbonate is of concern to racing authorities because resultant alkalosis may enhance performance and interfere with the detection of drugs in post‐race urine. A threshold for total carbon dioxide (TCO2) of 36.0 mmol/L in plasma (with action limit of 37.0 mmol/L) has been set. Serial dosing of sodium bicarbonate has gained popularity in human athletes but has not been studied in horses previously. Sodium bicarbonate (200 g per horse) and 60 g of an electrolyte‐vitamin complex was administered in 2‐L water via nasogastric intubation to five Standardbred horses for three consecutive days (total dose bicarbonate 0.42 ± 0.02 g/kg). Serial blood samples were taken over Days 1–5, with the final day (5) intended to simulate a ‘clear day’, and TCO2was analysed. Following the first bicarbonate administration, plasma TCO2peaked at 6 h (34.8 ± 1.3 mmol/L), returning to baseline by 23 h. On Day 2, four out of the five horses showed a peak greater than 36.0 mmol/L (mean 37.0 ± 2.1 mmol/L). With daily repeated dosing, plasma TCO2peaked progressively earlier, and by Day 3, the peak occurred at 2 h and concentrations declined more rapidly. On Days 4 and 5, TCO2levels remained low (<32.1 mmol/L on Day 4 and between 27.0–31.2 mmol/L on Day 5). These studies demonstrate that serial dosing of a ‘split dose’ of sodium bicarbonate on three consecutive days does not result in the accumulation or carry‐over of plasma TCO2levels beyond the levels observed following a single dose.
Shape matters: The application of activity‐based in vitro bioassays and chiral profiling to the pharmacological evaluation of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in drug‐infused papers seized in prisons
Authors: Antonides Lysbeth H. , Cannaert Annelies , Norman Caitlyn , NicDáeid Niamh , Sutcliffe Oliver B. , Stove Christophe P. , McKenzie Craig 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) elicit many of their psychoactive effects via type‐1 human cannabinoid (CB1) receptors. Enantiomer pairs of eight tert‐leucinate or valinate indole‐ and indazole‐3‐carboxamide SCRAs were synthesized and their CB1 potency and efficacy assessed using an in vitro β‐arrestin recruitment assay in a HEK239T stable cell system. A chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography method with photodiode array and/or quadrupole time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry detection (HPLC‐PDA and HPLC‐PDA‐QToF‐MS) was applied to 177 SCRA‐infused paper samples seized in Scottish prisons between 2018 and 2020. In most samples, SCRAs were almost enantiopure (S)‐enantiomer (>98% of total chromatographic peak area), although in some (n = 18), 2% to 16% of the (R)‐enantiomer was detected. (S)‐enantiomers are consistently more potent than (R)‐enantiomers and often more efficacious. The importance of SCRA‐CB1 receptor interactions in the “head” or “linked group” moiety is demonstrated, with the conformation of the “bulky” tert‐leucinate group greatly affecting potency (by up to a factor of 374), significantly greater than the difference observed between valinate SCRA enantiomers. (S)‐MDMB‐4en‐PINACA, (S)‐4F‐MDMB‐BINACA, and (S)‐5F‐MDMB‐PICA are currently the most prevalent SCRAs in Scottish prisons, and all have similar high potency (EC50, 1–5 nM) and efficacy. Infused paper samples were compared using estimated intrinsic efficacy at the CB1 receptor (EIECB1) to evaluate samples with variable SCRA content. Given their similar potency and efficacy, any variation in CB1 receptor‐mediated psychoactive effects are likely to derive from variation in dose, mode of use, pharmacokinetic differences, and individual factors affecting the user, rather than differences in the specific SCRA present.
Elimination profiles of prednisone and prednisolone after different administration routes: Evaluation of the reporting level and washout periods to ensure safe therapeutic administrations
Authors: Coll Sergi , Monfort Núria , Alechaga Élida , Matabosch Xavier , Pozo Oscar J. , Pérez‐Mañá Clara , Ventura Rosa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrednisolone (PRED) and prednisone (PSONE) are prohibited in sports competitions when administered by systemic routes, and they are allowed by other routes for therapeutic purposes. There is no restriction of use in out‐of‐competition periods. The present study aimed to evaluate the urinary excretion of PRED, PSONE, and their most important metabolites after systemic and nonsystemic treatments in order to verify the suitability of the current reporting level of 30 ng/ml used to distinguish allowed and prohibited administrations and to establish washout periods for oral treatments performed in out‐of‐competition periods. PRED was studied after dermatological administration (5 mg/day for 5 days, n = 6 males) and oral administration (5 mg, n = 6 males; 10 mg, n = 2 males). PSONE was studied after oral administration (10 mg, n = 2 males; 30 mg, n = 1 male and 1 female). Concentrations in urine were measured using an LC–MS/MS method. Concentrations after dermatological treatment were low for all metabolites. After oral administration, concentrations were very high during the first 24 h after administration ranging from 1.6 to 2261 ng/ml and from 4.6 to 908 ng/ml for PRED and PSONE, respectively. Concentrations of most of the metabolites measured were lower than 30 ng/ml from 24 h after all oral administrations. New reporting levels are proposed for PRED and PSONE considering data of our study and other information published after nonsystemic administrations of the compounds. Washout periods of at least 24 h are recommended to ensure no false positives when oral treatments need to be performed in out‐of‐competition periods.
Impella 5.0 supported oncological surgery as bridge to LVAD
Authors: Montisci Andrea , Micheletto Giancarlo , Sibilio Serena , Donatelli Francesco , Tespili Maurizio , Banfi Carlo , Casilli Francesco , Cosseta Daniele , Miceli Antonio , Cirri Silvia , Pappalardo Federico 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe describe the case of a 58‐year‐old man presenting with myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock, treated with Impella CP which was escalated to an axillary 5.0 due to lack of cardiac recovery. Weaning from Impella 5.0 failed, and the patient was evaluated for heart transplantation (HTx) or left ventricular assist device (LVAD). HTx was excluded because of a rectal adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent colorectal surgery while on Impella. Perioperative course was uneventful. After 61 days of Impella, when the LVAD implantation was scheduled, the patient died due to K. pneumoniae infection.