bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rajaratnam in London: Writing, race, and capital in Singapore’s intellectual history
Authors: Holden Philip 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dominant historiography in Singapore celebrates Sinnathamby Rajaratnam as one of the city-state’s founding national fathers, and the intellectual superintendent of state-sponsored multiculturalism in what has been characterized as an ‘illiberal democracy’. Little attention, however, has been paid to the extensive periods of Rajaratnam’s life in which he was not in governance with the People’s Action Party, and thus had considerable intellectual autonomy. This article examines the first of these periods—his sojourn in London from 1935 to 1947—marked by connections with overlapping communities of anti-colonial intellectuals drawn from Africa, the Caribbean, and East and South Asia. Close reading of Rajaratnam’s London lifeworld, his published fiction and journalism, and the many annotations he made in the books he read reveals a very different intellectual history than the one that we think we know, and allows us to better understand his lifelong uneasiness with capitalism and racial governmentality. Re-reading Rajaratnam as an autonomous intellectual disembeds his early intellectual life from the story of the developmental state, enabling a focus on the role of affect and form in his writing. The process also offers new insights into Singapore today, where the legacies of state-sponsored multiculturalism are increasingly challenged, and where citizens, residents, and migrants seek new forms of solidarity in and across difference.
The cultural foundations of trade policy: Competitive free trade and the UK–Australia free trade agreement
Authors: Scott James , Trommer Silke 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines United Kingdom (UK) parliamentary debates on the adoption of its first post-Brexit, from-scratch free trade agreement (FTA), with Australia. Building on Jessop’s cultural political economy framework, we identify and analyse the economic imaginaries animating UK post-Brexit trade policy debates at this time. We find that an imaginary of what we term ‘competitive free trade’ shaped the UK Government’s approach to the UK–Australia FTA. Meanwhile, the Opposition, much of the House of Lords, and a small number of Conservative Members of Parliament endorsed an alternative ‘embedded free trade’ imaginary. Our analysis suggests that the UK government successfully used the context of an unsettled domestic institutional environment for trade policy post-Brexit in order to negotiate and ratify an FTA with Australia that reflected its competitive free trade imaginary. The article offers an account of UK post-Brexit trade policy that highlights how material, political, and ideational dimensions co-constitute each other in the political economy of trade, and how particular economic imaginaries become reified and dominant at certain junctures.
The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy on neonatal outcomes
Authors: Huiberts Anne J. , Oosting Ilse J. , de Melker Hester E. , van de Wijgert Janneke H. H. M. , Grobbee Diederick E. , van den Hof Susan , Knol Mirjam J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study explored the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy on neonatal outcomes among women from the general Dutch population. VASCO is an ongoing prospective cohort study aimed at assessing vaccine effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination. Pregnancy status was reported at baseline and through regular follow-up questionnaires. As an extension to the main study, all female participants who reported to have been pregnant between enrolment (May–December 2021) and January 2023 were requested to complete an additional questionnaire on neonatal outcomes. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, adjusted for age, educational level, and presence of a medical risk condition. Infection analyses were additionally adjusted for COVID-19 vaccination before and during pregnancy, and vaccination analyses for SARS-CoV-2 infection before and during pregnancy. Of 312 eligible participants, 232 (74%) completed the questionnaire. In total, 196 COVID-19 vaccinations and 115 SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy were reported. Infections were mostly first infections (86; 75%), caused by the Omicron variant (95; 83%), in women who had received ≥1 vaccination prior to infection (101; 88%). SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy was not significantly associated with gestational age (β = 1.7; 95%CI: −1.6–5.0), birth weight (β = 82; −59 to 223), Apgar score <9 (odds ratio (OR): 1.3; 0.6–2.9), postpartum hospital stay (OR: 1.0; 0.6–1.8), or neonatal intensive care unit admission (OR: 0.8; 0.2–3.2). COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not significantly associated with gestational age (β = −0.4; −4.0 to 3.2), birth weight (β = 88; −64 to 240), Apgar score <9 (OR: 0.9; 0.4–2.3), postpartum hospital stay (OR: 0.9; 0.5–1.7), or neonatal intensive care unit admission (OR: 1.6; 0.4–8.6). In conclusion, this study did not find an effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy on any of the studied neonatal outcomes among a general Dutch, largely vaccinated, population. Together with data from other studies, this supports the safety of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy.
AI versus Students: A Study of the Capability of ChatGPT to Write Model United Nations Position Papers
Authors: De Maio Jennifer L. , Kabalaki Ismail , Moshtael Shayan , Tejax Michael A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
This article investigates the impact of ChatGPT on student writing in the context of Model United Nations position papers, which require extensive research and concise articulation of policies on international issues. By comparing student-written papers and ChatGPT-generated papers, we find that whereas AI-generated papers received higher evaluations overall, award-winning student papers outperformed AI-generated papers. Furthermore, the quality of AI-generated writing is shown to depend on human input, emphasizing the importance of a human-centered approach to AI in education.
Evaluating the factor structure and construct validity of the NIH toolbox in older adults, with a focus on cognitive normalcy and amnestic mild cognitive impairment: considerations for diversity, including insights from persons over 85 years of age and Black older Americans
Authors: Rose Savannah , Gergoire Allyson , Pal Subhamoy , Reader Jonathan , Bhaumik Arijit , Slotkin Jerry , Ho Emily , Nowinski Cindy J. , Persad Carol C , Maher Amanda Cook , Weintraub Sandy , Gershon Richard , Giordani Bruno 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Validated computerized assessments for cognitive functioning are crucial for older individuals and those at risk of cognitive decline. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) exhibits good construct validity but requires validation in diverse populations and for adults aged 85+. This study uses data from the Assessing Reliable Measurement in Alzheimer’s Disease and cognitive Aging study to explore differences in the factor structure of the NIHTB-CB for adults 85 and older, Black participants versus White participants, and those diagnosed as amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) vs cognitively normal (CN).

Method:
Subtests from the NACC UDS-3 and NIHTB-CB were administered to 503 community-dwelling Black and White adults ages 55–99 (367 CN; 136 aMCI). Confirmatory factor analyses were used to investigate the original factor structure of NIHTB-CB that forms the basis for NIHTB-CD Index factor scores.

Results:
Factor analyses for all participants and some participant subsets (aMCI, White, 85+) substantiated the two anticipated factors (Fluid and Crystallized). However, while Black aMCI participants had the expected two-factor structure, for Black CN participants, the List Sorting Working Memory and Picture Sequence tests loaded on the Crystallized factor.

Conclusions:
Findings provide psychometric support for the NIHTB-CB. Differences in factor structure between Black CN individuals and Black aMCI individuals suggest potential instability across levels of cognitive impairment. Future research should explore changes in NIHTB-CB across diagnoses in different populations.
Using word order cues to predict verb class in L2 Spanish
Authors: Simonsen Russell , Chacón Dustin A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Prediction is a crucial mechanism of language comprehension. Our research question asked whether learners of Spanish were capable of using word order cues to predict the semantic class of the upcoming verb, and how this ability develops with proficiency. To answer this question, we conducted a self-paced reading study with three L2 Spanish groups at different proficiency levels and one native control group. Among the advanced L2 learners and native speakers, we found that reading times increased after the verb appeared in a word order not strongly associated with its semantic class. Because the only cue to the sentences’ word order was the presence or absence of the object marker a before the first noun, we suggest that these groups use this morphosyntactic cue to anticipate the semantic class of the upcoming verb. However, this pattern of processing behavior was not detected in our less experienced L2 groups.
Early detection efforts for colorectal and prostate cancer from the patient’s perspective over the course of 12 years: results of the KABOT survey study
Authors: Braun Kay-Patrick , Maurer Julia , Wolff Ingmar , Vogel Torsten , Lebentrau Steffen , May Matthias , Herrmann Markus 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aim:
This study investigates the level of knowledge and utilization of colorectal cancer (CRC) and prostate cancer (PCa) early detection measures (EDMs) over a period of 12 years in general practice from the patient’s perspective.

Background:
The role of general practitioners (GPs) in EDMs for CRC and PCa in Germany is not well-documented with comprehensive data.

Methods:
We conducted a patient-centric survey in the German federal state of Berlin-Brandenburg at a 12-year interval to examine the role of GPs in EDMs for CRC and PCa. In 2009, 55 GPs were tasked with informing 50 consecutive male patients, each aged over 35, about participating in a survey study (study phase 1/SP1). To evaluate changes over 12 years, a new survey involving 50 male patients from each of 150 GPs was conducted from October 2021 to March 2022 (SP2).

Findings:
We thoroughly reviewed the questionnaires of 890 patients, with 755 in SP1 and 135 in SP2. Patients showed greater awareness of recommendations regarding colonoscopy compared to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. GPs were the most frequently reported source of information for both EDMs in our cohort. Comparing the two study phases, no significant difference in specific awareness of colonoscopy or PSA testing was found among men eligible for EDMs. However, there was a notable increase in the role of health insurance companies as a source of information about colonoscopy over time. Nearly 60% of included patients underwent colonoscopy and/or PSA testing as EDMs.

Conclusion:
The number of EDMs performed among study participants did not increase over time. Our study confirms that GPs remain the primary source of information about EDMs among the study participants.
Quality of government and public support for taxation for climate change mitigation: evidence from 135 European regions
Authors: Davidovic Dragana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recent studies suggest that value orientations, both pro-environmental values and concerns and left–right ideology, strongly predict climate policy support in some settings, but not in others, and that institutional quality determines the strength of these associations. These studies are based on a limited number of countries and do not investigate the mechanisms at work nor what aspects of quality of government (QoG) matter more specifically. Analyzing data from 135 European regions across 15 countries, this paper finds that QoG moderates the relationships of pro-environmental values and left–right ideology with climate tax support and suggests that political trust is an underlying individual-level mechanism. Moreover, corruption seems to be the most important aspect of QoG for policy support. In regions where corruption is prevalent and trust in state institutions is low, support for climate taxes is low even among those who are generally concerned about the environment and climate change and who favor state intervention. The study suggests additional analyses, adopting quantitative and qualitative approaches, to inform policymakers on how to increase public support for climate taxation and improve policy designs to mitigate policy concerns across various segments of the population.
120 GHz MIMO FMCW radar chipset in a SiGe bipolar technology
Authors: Bredendiek Christian , Starke David , Kueppers Simon , Aufinger Klaus , Pohl Nils 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a flexible SiGe monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) chipset for 120 GHz ultra-wideband frequency-modulated continuous wave radar systems. The highly integrated chipset is implemented with multiple-input and multiple-output radar in mind which leads to transmit and receive MMICs with four integrated channels in each chip. The transmitter achieves an output power of 12.9 dBm with a total power consumption of only 403 mW. The receiver chip incorporates a sub-harmonic approach for suppression of leakage radiation at 120 GHz through a receive channel. Both chips integrate active multiplier chains that are driven by a third reference dual band voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) MMIC that can deliver an output at center frequencies of 15 or 30 GHz. The reference VCO MMIC demonstrates relative tuning ranges of 32%.
Empathic Concern and Perspective-Taking Have Opposite Effects on Affective Polarization
Authors: Gillissen Matthijs , Rooduijn Matthijs , Schumacher Gijs 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Empathy has been proposed as a solution to alleviate interparty antipathy. Recent findings from the US suggest that one aspect of empathy – empathic concern – increases rather than decreases affective polarization. Perspective-taking, another aspect of empathy, has no effect on affective polarization. In this article, we describe a preregistered replication and extension of these findings in the contrasting political context of the Netherlands, to see whether this relationship generalizes beyond the US. First, using a cross-sectional nationally representative sample of 1,258 Dutch voters, we show that empathic concern indeed fuels affective polarization while at the same time we find that perspective-taking reduces it. Second, using a two-arm survey experiment (n = 438), we show that perspective-taking reduces ingroup bias, whereas empathic concern does not. Reflecting on the American and Dutch findings, we conclude that while empathic concern likely contributes to affective polarization, perspective-taking may reduce it.
Erfassung elterlicher Überzeugungen zum Erlernen eines Instruments im Grundschulalter
Authors: Bieber Patrizia , Busch Barbara , Göllner Richard 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung: Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht elterliche Überzeugungen im Kontext Instrumentalunterricht. Hierzu wurde ein Fragebogeninstrument zur Erfassung von zwölf Überzeugungsfacetten entwickelt und anhand einer Musikschulstudie ( Nfamilien = 195) und einer Grundschulstudie ( Nfamilien = 163) validiert. Die faktorielle Struktur des Fragebogens ließ sich mittels einer konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse bestätigen und durch ergänzende explorative Faktorenanalysen bekräftigten. Es zeigten sich zufriedenstellende bis gute Skalenreliabilitäten. Zusammenhänge der Überzeugungsskalen fanden sich erwartungsgemäß mit dem musikbiographischen Hintergrund der Eltern sowie ihrer Investitionsbereitschaft und ihren Zielen hinsichtlich des Instrumentalunterrichts. Darüber hinaus ergaben Mehrebenenmodelle Zusammenhänge zwischen den elterlichen Überzeugungsfacetten und der Lernmotivation der Kinder. Insbesondere die Überzeugungen zur elterlichen Verantwortlichkeit sowie zur Selbstverantwortung des Kindes in Bezug auf dessen musikalische Ausbildung erwiesen sich hierbei als bedeutsam. Mit dem entwickelten Fragebogen liegt ein Instrument zur mehrdimensionalen Erfassung elterlicher Überzeugungen zum Musizieren und zum Erlernen eines Instruments im Grundschulalter vor.
Spectral Induced Polarization Response of Bacteria Growth and Decay in Soil Column Experiments
Authors: Song Yalin , Shi Xiaoqing , Revil André , Ghorbani Ahmad , Qiang Siyuan , Xing Kun , Kang Xueyuan , Wang Qilin , Wu Jichun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpectral induced polarization (SIP) exhibits potential to be a nonintrusive approach to monitor bacterial activity in biological hotspots associated with the critical zone of the earth. The polarization of bacteria in a low‐frequency electrical field is related to the polarization of their electrical double layer coating their surface. However, few studies have quantified the induced polarization responses on both gram‐negative (GN) and gram‐positive (GP) bacteria in soil column experiments. To address this gap, 17 experiments using two strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa O1 (PAO1, GN) and Brevibacillus centrosporus (L3, GP) are conducted. Complex conductivity spectra are collected in the frequency range 10 mHz–10 kHz during bacterial growth and decay phases in soils. The complex conductivity spectra are fitted using a double Cole‐Cole model to remove the effect of Maxwell‐Wagner polarization. The change in the magnitude of the polarization (quadrature conductivity or normalized chargeability of the low‐frequency contribution) is linearly related to the bacterial density, regardless of the type of bacteria. The changes in the normalized chargeability and Cole‐Cole relaxation time are directly proportional to the density of bacteria. Furthermore, it is inferred that the thickness of microcolonies plays a critical role in the relaxation time rather than the diameter of individual bacteria. This study expands the potential of SIP for in situ monitoring of microbial activity in soils.
Improving Urban Climate Adaptation Modeling in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Through Transient Urban Surface Albedo Representation
Authors: Sun Yuan , Fang Bowen , Oleson Keith W. , Zhao Lei , Topping David O. , Schultz David M. , Zheng Zhonghua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIncreasing the albedo of urban surfaces, through strategies like white roof installations, has emerged as a promising approach for urban climate adaptation. Yet, modeling these strategies on a large scale is limited by the use of static urban surface albedo representations in the Earth system models. In this study, we developed a new transient urban surface albedo scheme in the Community Earth System Model and evaluated evolving adaptation strategies under varying urban surface albedo configurations. Our simulations model a gradual increase in the urban surface albedo of roofs, impervious roads, and walls from 2015 to 2099 under the SSP3‐7.0 scenario. Results highlight the cooling effects of roof albedo modifications, which reduce the annual‐mean canopy urban heat island intensity from 0.8°C in 2015 to 0.2°C by 2099. Compared to high‐density and medium‐density urban areas, higher albedo configurations are more effective in cooling environments within tall building districts. Additionally, urban surface albedo changes lead to changes in building energy consumption, where high albedo results in more indoor heating usage in urban areas located beyond 30°N and 25°S. This scheme offers potential applications like simulating natural albedo variations across urban surfaces and enables the inclusion of other urban parameters, such as surface emissivity.
A microgripper based on electrothermal Al–SiO2 bimorphs
Authors: Yang Hengzhang , Lu Yao , Ding Yingtao , Zhang Ziyue , Ren Anrun , Wang Haopu , Wang Xiaoyi , Li Jiafang , Zhang Shuailong , Xie Huikai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicrogrippers are essential for assembly and manipulation at the micro- and nano-scales, facilitating important applications in microelectronics, MEMS, and biomedical engineering. To guarantee the safe handling of delicate materials and micro-objects, a microgripper needs to be designed to operate with exceptional precision, rapid response, user-friendly operation, strong reliability, and low power consumption. In this study, we develop an electrothermal actuated microgripper with Al-SiO2 bimorphs as the primary structural element. The fabricated microgripper naturally adopts a closed state due to process-induced residual stresses. The thermal expansion mismatch between Al and SiO2 allows for an easy transition of the microgripper between open and closed states by temperature control. Experimental data reveal that the microgripper can achieve impressive deformability, bending over 100 degrees at just 5 V, and responding within 10 ms. Its capability to handle micro-objects is verified using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microbeads and its gripping strength is quantitatively assessed. It is demonstrated that the microgripper holding a microbead with a diameter of 400 μm and a weight of 0.1 mg can withstand an average acceleration of 35 g during vibration test and over 1600 g in impact tests, highlighting its exceptional grasping performance. Additionally, the “pick-and-place” task for handling and positioning solder beads (0.25 mg for each bead) with diameters of 400 μm on a bulk silicon inductor chip has been successfully completed. This unique microgripper is anticipated to be highly beneficial for various micro-assembly and micromanipulation applications, particularly in the field of electronic packaging.
The impact of sidewall copper grain condition on thermo-mechanical behaviors of TSVs during the annealing process
Authors: Xi Yang , Zhang Yunpeng , Tian Zhiqaing , Liu Tianjian , Sheng Can , Zhao Bo , Zhang Zhaofu , Wang Shizhao , liu Sheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith the drastic reduction of the TSV diameter leading to a critical dimension comparable to the Cu-filled grain size, the grain condition strongly influences the thermo-mechanical behavior of the TSV. In this work, the TSV-Cu cross-section with different grain sizes is characterized by EBSD, confirming that the sidewall grain size (0.638–1.580 μm) is smaller compared to other regions (1.022–2.134 μm). A finite element model (FEM) considering copper grains is constructed by using Voronoi diagrams to investigate the effect of sidewall grain size as well as area on the thermo-mechanical behavior during annealing. The material parameters in the FEM are optimized through nanoindentation inversion and considering the mechanical property anisotropy of copper grains. The yield strength σy and hardening exponent n of TSV-Cu are 74.6 MPa and 0.514. The simulation results indicate that the protrusion of TSV-Cu after annealing tends to increase initially and then decrease with smaller sidewall grain size and area. The maximum increase in protrusion caused by the two variables can reach 6.74% and 14.6%, respectively, relative to the average grain condition. Additionally, the simulation results were validated by quantifying grain boundaries in TSV-Cu samples with varying grain sizes.