bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small/kiddie Cigarette Packaging Size and Its Impact on Smoking: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rifin Halizah Mat , Ling Miaw Yn Jane , Lourdes Tania Gayle Robert , Saminathan Thamil Arasu , Hasani Wan Shakira Rodzlan , Majid Nur Liana Abd , Ahmad Ahzairin , Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd , Muhamad Nor Asiah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:Kiddie/small packs contain less than 20 cigarette sticks in a pack.Kiddie packs were introduced by the tobacco industry to support moderation and encourage quit smoking among heavy smokers although this may in turn encourage underage smoking. Smaller packs may suggest lower costs and this may increase affordability among the younger generation. This concern has causedmany countries to ban the sale of single cigarette sticks or kiddie packs. Hence, a systematic review was conducted to identify the impact of kiddie packs on smoking as compared to regular cigarette packaging in the general population.Methods:A database search was conductedin PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science and Scopus up to31stJanuary 2020. Other sources namely Google Scholar, as well as Journal of Substance Use and Tobacco Control were also searched.The results were analysed qualitatively, under four groups: initiation of smoking;urge /tendency to buy cigarettes; prevalence of smoking and attempt to reduce cigarette consumption. The methodological quality of all articles that were includedwas determined using a validated 16-item quality assessment tool (QATSDD). The literature search identified 2253 articles, of which20articles had met theinclusion criteria. Discussion:Articles that we reviewed had some evidence that kiddie packs increase the urge/tendency to buy cigarettes and also increase the attempt to reduce cigarette consumption. However, we found no evidence on theimpact of kiddie packs on the initiation of smoking and the prevalence of smoking. The average quality score for all papers was 34.1%.Given the diverse study settings of the articles and despite the challenges of the methodological quality of some papers, this review will provideevidence that kiddie packs increase urge/tendency to buy cigarettes and also increase the attempt to reduce cigarette consumption. However, since most studies were of low quality, further high-quality studies are needed to come to a firm conclusion of the impact of kiddie packs on smoking.Systematic review registration: PROSPEROCRD42018102325
Exploring the Relationship Between Social Cognition Deficits and Neurodegenerative Dementia: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Setién-Suero Esther , Murillo-García Nancy , Sevilla-Ramos Manuel , Abreu-Fernández Georgelina , Remón-Gallo Diego , Ayesa-Arriola Rosa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:Due to demographic evolution and the progressive aging of the population, the incidence of dementia has increased worldwide. Many questions about this syndrome have not been resolved yet, such as the relationship between dementia and deficits on social cognition.Therefore, the present review aims to explore this relationship and to establish the possible differential patterns of social cognition deficits in diverse types of neurodegenerative dementias.Methods:The literature searchwas conducted in several electronic databases, including MEDLINE database via Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Web of Science (WoS) and PsycINFO.In order to avoid possible bias during the data extraction, all citations, abstracts information and full-text articles will be independently screen by two reviewers. Themethodological quality of thestudies will be appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Evaluation Checklists. All studies published in English or Spanish between October 2009 and October 2019 will be taken into account.Discussion: This systematic review will summarize the evidence provided during the last 10 years regarding the relationship between neurodegenerative dementia and social cognition deficits. This could provide a useful reference to clinicians, since properly defining social cognition profile of each type of neurodegenerative dementia would improve detection and diagnosis, which would undoubtedly guarantee better interventions.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, ID: 152562
Knockdown of lncRNA FEZF1-AS1 Inhibits metastasis of Osteosarcoma Cells by miR-4456/GALNT10
Authors: Si Zhenxing , Zhou Shifeng , Shen Zilong , Luan Feiyu , yan jinglong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is among the malignant tumors with high mortality and low survival, especially in children and adolescents. Research shows that LncRNA FEZ family zinc finger 1 antisense RNA 1 (FEZF1-AS1) enhances osteosarcoma progression. Nevertheless, the function and mechanism of FEZF1-AS1 in metastasis of OS remains unclear.Methods: We used qRT-PCR to assay for the expression of FEZF1-AS1, miR-4456, and GALNT10 in OS tissue specimens and cell lines. We also investigated the progression of OS through metastasis using the wound healing and Transwell assays. Moreover, we used the dual-luciferase reporter test, RIP assays, and western blot to validate whether FEZF1-AS1 serves as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), modulating the expression of GALNT10 through sponging miR-4456 in OS.Results: FEZF1-AS1 was up modulated in OS tissues. Silencing FEZF1-AS1 repressed OS cell migration and invasion. microRNA-4456 (miR-4456) was involved in FEZF1-AS1-induced migration and invasion. miR-4456 was down modulated in OS tissue specimens and cell lines. Functionally, the up modulation of miR-4456 reversed the facilitative influence of FEZF1-AS1 on OS cell infiltration and migration. Mechanically, FEZF1-AS1 interacted with miR-4456 in a reciprocal suppressed manner. Moreover, miR-4456 targets GALNT10 via the Luciferase assay. Besides, the up modulation of GALNT10 reversed the migration and invasion inhibited by FEZF1-AS1 knockdown. Silencing of FEZF1-AS1 inhibits OS cell infiltration and migration through miR-4456 /GALNT10 sponging.Conclusion: Herein, we demonstrated that FEZF1-AS1 is a prospective bio signature of metastasis in OS patients. Mechanistically, we showed that the FEZF1-AS1/miR-4456/GALNT10 axis is a target for novel therapeutic development for OS.
Recurrence pattern and Survival analysis in patients undergoing radiotherapy IMRT technique for medulloblastoma
Authors: Chang Hao , Wang QiMing , Yu ZongYan , Zhang ZiShen , Yu DeQuan , Zhao PinTing , Shao QiuJu , He DongJie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective The technique of radiotherapy is associated with the recurrence pattern and prognosis of postoperative treatment for medulloblastoma. Our aim was to assess recurrence patterns and survival in patients with medulloblastoma between three-dimensional conformation (3D-CRT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). To analyze the factors affecting the prognosis, such as the use of 3D-CRT or IMRT, the time interval of surgical and radiotherapy, whether there is chemotherapy and chemotherapy regimen.Methods In this study, 36 patients with medulloblastoma were conducted investigating and data were analyzed from May 2009 to September 2017. The median survival of each group was calculated for different clinical stages,pathological types and treatment methods. The PFS and OS for patients curves were derived by Kaplan-Meier estimation, and which were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model between the IMRT and 3D-CRT treatment groups.Results Up to the follow-up date, 7 of the 9 patients in the 3D-CRT group had recurrence and 9 of the 27 patients in the IMRT group had recurrence. The 2-year and 5-year PFS of the IMRT group were 74.1% and 65.8%, and which of the 3D-CRT group were 55.6% and 22.2%, respectively. The PFS was significantly higher for patients treated with IMRT compared with 3D-CRT (P<0.05). The 2-year overall survival rates of the IMRT group compared with the 3D-CRT group were the same, the 5-year overall survival rate of the IMRT group was higher than that of the 3D-CRT group, however, there was no statistical difference. The PFS and OS for patients with low-risk groups were better than those of the high-risk group (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the M2 group and the M3 group in the 2-year and 5-year OS(P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in the chemotherapy-free group, the EP chemotherapy regimen and the temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy group in the 2-year and 5-year PFS and OS(P>0.05). The results of multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that the residual, recurrence or metastasis before radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors affecting PFS(P<0.05). Radiotherapy mode was negatively correlated, although there was no statistical significance(P=0.061).Conclusions IMRT can reduce the risk of spinal cord recurrence compared with 3D-CRT, especially the low rate of spinal cord recurrence. The development of the technique of radiotherapy was associated with improvements in medulloblastoma prognosis.
Nurses Practice Regarding Post-operative Wound Care And Its Associated Factors Of Hospitalised Patients In Public Hospitals Of Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018/19.
Authors: tela girmay legass , abebe yohanss tesfay , g/slassie kibrom berhanu , gebrekidan kiros belay 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Post-operative wound care is a care that applied sterile gauze or bandage to wound to promote healing and protect the wound from further harm after surgical operation is done internally or externally to the involved organs. Post-operative Wound care is a nursing duty that requires excellent skills and knowledge to prevent massive complications such as infection, gangrene and amputation or, in severe cases, even death. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study design was implemented and the total sample size was 375 nurses working in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle Hospital and Quiha hospital. Pre-test was done on 10 % of the sample size. Data was collected by observation and face to face interviewing using pre tested checklist and structured questionnaire respectively from March 20, 2019 to May 20, 2019. Simple random sampling was used. Data was coded, entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 for statistical analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictor variables to the outcome variables with 95% confidence level at p-value of < 0.25 and finally p-value < 0.05 was described as statically significant. Result: A total of 375 respondents were participated in the study. Among them, 234(62.4%) were women. The overall nursing post-operative wound care practices were poor 258(68.8%). Work experience (AOR=0.47, 95%CI; 0.26-0.86), level of education (AOR=0.03, 95%CI; 0.004-0.25) and lack of materials (AOR=0.29, 95%CI; 0.09-0.89) was found to be associated with nurses post-operative wound care practice. Conclusion and recommendation: Factors such as work experience, educational level and lack of materials were statically significant association with nurses post-operative wound care practice. Highly qualified nurses should be engaged in training of other staff nurses in the tenderized dressing techniques of postoperative wounds.
Online questionnaire, clinical and biomechanical measurements for outcome prediction of plantar heel pain: feasibility for a cohort study
Authors: gulle halime , Birn-Jeffery Aleksandra , Prior Trevor D , Miller Stuart , Morrissey Dylan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Plantar heel pain (PHP) accounts for 11-15% of foot symptoms requiring professional care in adults. Recovery is variable, with no robust prognostic guides for sufferers or clinicians. Therefore, we aimed to determine the validity, reliability and feasibility of questionnaire, clinical and biomechanical measures selected to generate a prognostic model in a subsequent cohort study.

Methods

Thirty-six people (19 females & 17 males; 20-63 years) were recruited with equal numbers in each of three groups: people with PHP (PwPHP), other foot pain and healthy controls. Eighteen people performed a questionnaire battery twice in a randomised order to determine online and face to face agreement. The remaining 18 completed the questionnaire battery once, plus clinical and biomechanical measurements. A progressive loading challenge was developed and assessed.

Results

There were no systematic differences between online and face to face administration of questionnaires ( p-values all >.05 ) nor an administration order effect (d =-0.31-0.25). Questionnaire reliability was good or excellent (ICC 2,1_absolute ) (ICC 0.86-0.99), except for two subscales. Full completion of the survey was only 77%, taking 29±14 minutes. Clinically, PwPHP had significantly less ankle dorsiflexion and hip internal rotation compared to healthy controls [mean (±SD) for PHP-OP-H = 14°(±6)-18°(±8)-28°(±10); 43°(±4)- 45°(±9)-57°(±12) respectively; p<.02 for both]. Plantar fascia thickness was significantly higher in PwPHP (3.6(0.4) mm vs 2.9(0.4) mm, p=.01 ) than the other groups. The graded loading challenge led to progressively increasing kinetic foot load.

Conclusion

Online questionnaire administration was valid therefore facilitating large cohort recruitment and being relevant to remote service evaluation and research. The graded loaded challenge increases load progressively and warrants future research. The physical and ultrasound examination revealed expected differences between groups. Clinician and researchers can be confident with these methodological approaches and the cohort study is feasible.
RoadMApp: A feasibility study for a smart travel application to improve maternal health delivery in a low resource setting in Zimbabwe
Authors: Nyati-Jokomo Zibusiso , Dabengwa Israel Mbekezeli , Makacha Liberty , Nyapwere Newton , Dube Yolisa Prudence , Chikoko Laurine , Vidler Marianne , Makanga Prestige Tatenda 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Travel time and health care financing are key determinants to the provision of quality maternal health care in low resource settings. Despite the availability of pregnancy-related mHealth and smart travel applications, there is a lack of evidence on their usage to travel to health facilities for routine antenatal care and emergencies in low resource settings like Zimbabwe. Little is known about the feasibility of the usage of custom-made mobile technologies that integrate smart travel and mHealth. This paper explores the feasibility of implementing a custom-made geographically enabled mobile technology-based tool (RoadMApp) to counter the negative effects of long travel times and poor financing strategies for maternal care in Kwekwe District, Zimbabwe. Methods: Focus group discussions were conducted with pregnant women, women of childbearing age, men (household heads) and elderly women. Participatory learning approaches with stakeholders (community members) and in-depth interviews with key informants (health care service providers, transport operators) were utilised. In total 193 people took part in the study. The discussion questions centred on travel time, availability of transport, cellular network coverage and perceptions of the RoadMApp application. Data was analysed thematically using Nvivo Pro 12.Results: Most parts of rural Kwekwe have long distances to health facilities and an inefficient road and telecommunications network. Hence, it is hard to predict if RoadMApp will integrate into the lives of the community - especially those in rural areas. Since these issues are pillars of the design of the RoadMApp application, the implementation is likely to be challenging.Conclusion: Communities are keen to embrace the RoadMApp application. However, the feasibility of implementing RoadMApp in Kwekwe District will be challenging due to maternal health care barriers such as poor road network, poor phone network and the high cost of transport. There is, therefore, a need to investigate the social determinants of access to maternity services in order to inform the RoadMApp implementation.
Formyl peptide receptor agonist Ac2-26 alleviates neuroinflammation in a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis
Authors: Rüger Marvin , Kipp Eugenia , Schubert Nadine , Schröder Nicole , Pufe Thomas , Stope Matthias B , Kipp Markus , Tauber Simone C. , Brandenburg Lars-Ove 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBacterial meningitis is, despite progress in research and the development of new treatment strategies, still a cause of severe neurological disability. The brain is protected from penetrating pathogens by the blood-brain barrier and the innate immune system. The invading pathogens are recognized by pattern recognition receptors including the G-protein coupled formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), which are expressed by immune cells of the central nervous system. FPRs show a broad spectrum of ligands including pro- and anti-inflammatory ones. Here, we investigated the effects of the AnnexinA1 mimetic peptide Ac2-26 in a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis.MethodsWildtype (WT), Fpr1 and Fpr2-deficient mice were intrathecally infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 (type 2). Subsequently, the different mice groups were treated by intraperitoneal injections of Ac2-26 (1 mg/kg body weight) 2, 8 and 24 hour after the infection. The extent of inflammation was analyzed in various brain regions by means of immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR 30 h after infection.ResultsAc2-26 treated mice showed less severe neutrophil infiltration, paralleled by a reduced induction of pro-inflammatory glia cell responses. While meningitis was ameliorated in Ac2-26-treated Fpr1-deficient mice, this protective effect was not observed in Fpr2-deficient mice.ConclusionsEven with appropriate antimicrobial therapy, mortality during bacterial meningitis is high and so attention has recently focused on adjunctive therapies. Our results suggest that Ac2-26 might be a novel adjunctive therapy for Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced meningitis.* The two last authors contributed equally to this study.
Personality Traits, Risk Perception, and Protective Behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mohamed  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, people were instructed by health authorities to adopt protective behaviors to avoid infection. One of these behaviors is social distancing, which is influenced by diverse variables. Using data from an online survey with 405 responses, this study performed a multiple regression analysis to explore the effects of personality, risk perception, and personal hygiene practices on social distancing among residents of Qatar. The results showed that conscientiousness, neuroticism, risk perception, and personal hygiene practices predicted social distancing with a moderate effect size. Gender differences were also found in social distancing practices that women reported higher in social distancing practices than men. These results highlighted the importance of these factors in predicting individuals’ protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Grooved Pegboard Test Performance Before and After Cerebral-Spinal Fluid Tap Test in Patients with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Liu Caiyan , Dong Liling , Mao Chenhui , Li Jie , Huang Xinying , Wei Junji , Hou Bo , Feng Feng , Cui Liying , Gao Jing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Motor impairment in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) can extend beyond gait and include deficits in upper extremity functions and psychomotor speed. Evaluation of upper extremity function will be helpful for NPH patients who are unable to ambulate (e.g., wheelchair-bound patients) and may not be able to comply with the gait evaluation. Our study aimed to explore the use of the grooved pegboard test to assess responsiveness to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tap test in patients with NPH. Methods Seventy-seven possible NPH patients were enrolled from 2013 to 2018. All patients underwent detailed neuropsychological and walking assessments, CSF tap tests, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. The grooved pegboard test results before and after the CSF tap test were compared and correlated with the other clinical assessments. In diffusion tensor imaging analysis, the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values of periventricular white matter were measured by the region of interest method and were correlated with pegboard test performance.Results The grooved pegboard test scores significantly improved after the CSF tap test and correlated with patient walking ability, cognitive function, and functional scores (P < 0.01). The improvement ratios in the complex visual motor speed index (i.e., the grooved pegboard test performance combined with the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test performance) were significantly different between the CSF tap test responder and nonresponder groups. The grooved pegboard test times were significantly correlated with the FA values in right periventricular lesions (P=0.017).Conclusions The performance on the grooved pegboard test was related to lower extremity motor ability and cognitive function. It can be used as an alternative evaluation tool for patients who are unable to ambulate and may not be able to comply with the gait evaluation.
The influence of the Municipal Human Development Index compared to maternal education on infant mortality: a retrospective cohort study in the extreme south of Brazil
Authors: Anele Carolina Ribeiro , Hirakata Vânia Naomi , Goldani Marcelo Zubaran , Silva Clécio Homrich da 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Infant mortality is considered an important and sensitive health indicator in several countries, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. Most of the factors influencing infant mortality are interrelated and are the result of social issues. Thus, this study investigated the influence of the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) of the residence macro-region compared to maternal education on infant mortality in a capital city in the extreme south of Brazil. Methods: It is a retrospective cohort study with data on births and deaths for the period of 2000-2017. The association between the independent variables and the outcome was done by bivariate analysis through simple Poisson regression. Those with significant association (p<0.001) were used in a multiple Poisson regression for robust variances - adjusted model. Results: The study included 311361 children, of whom 2271 died. Maternal education, individually and jointly analyzed with the MHDI, showed association with the outcome of infant death in the first year of life, particularly for children of mothers with lower maternal education (p<0.001). In relation to other related factors, maternal age; number of Prenatal Care Consultations; gestational age, weight, gender and Apgar Index (5th minute) of the newborn showed association with IM (p<0.001). Conclusions: The lower the HDI classification of the macro-region, the worse were the socioeconomic and demographic conditions, but the results presumably indicated that an individual maternal characteristic supplants the environment in which the family resides as a factor of protection to infant mortality, reinforcing the relevance of maternal education as a social determinant in health.