bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity Identification and Haplotype Distribution of Myostatin Gene in Goats
Authors: Liu Cheng-Li , Na Ri-Su , Ni Wei-Wei , E Guang-Xin , Han Yan-Guo , Zeng Yan , Wang Xiao , Cheng Shu-Zhu , Yang Bai-Gao , Duan Xing-Hai , Guo Ze-Hui , Huang Yong-Fu 
Published: December 2020

Background: Myostatin (MSTN) is a highly conserved protein that acts as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. MSTN gene is closely associated with multiple biological functions and its mutations are directly linked to muscle development in different species. Loss of MSTN functionality causes the phenotype to appear in the form of ‘double musculature’, among others in cattle, sheep and house mice. Methods: The mixed DNA pool of Boer and Dazu black goats to sequence MSTN coding and noncoding regions. Snapshot typing technology was used to analyse three goat production types, namely, Boer (meat goats), Nubian (breast and meat dual-use goat), Dazu black (local breeds) and Youzhou black goats (local breeds). Polymorphic loci in MSTN were used from four goat populations to construct haplotypes and calculate haplotype frequency distribution through NETWORK and MEGA to construct a phylogenetic tree and visualize phylogenetic relationship. Result: From these populations, 18 haplotypes were constructed using 20 polymorphic loci. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a significant difference in the haplotype distribution of MSTN in different goat production types. The 18 haplotypes were divided into two clusters. The haplotypes carried by the Boer goat belonged to Cluster I and those carried by the Nubian goat and two local goat breeds belonged to both clusters. Chinese local goats and complex production goats carried more haplotypes of MSTN and had a richer genetic diversity than other production types did. Moreover, local and complex production goats had high-frequency haplotypes of the MSTN of meat goats and had high potential for breeding.
A Study on the Fatty Acid Enrichment of Artemia franciscana for the Healthy Rearing of Penaeus vannamei Post-larvae
Authors: Felix S. , Menaga M. , Sundari C. Mohana , Charulatha M. , Neelakandan P. 
Published: December 2020

Background: The study aimed to investigate the growth performance of Penaeus vannamei PL through the supplementation of fatty acid enriched Artemia franciscana. Methods: The animals were stocked at 3000PL/m3 in triplicates. The experimental diet (100nauplii/PL/day) fed initially for 7days include Artemia franciscana (unenriched) as control and Fatty acid (0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3 %) enriched nauplii as treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4) and later switched to commercial diet for 18 days. Result: No significant difference in water quality parameters between the experimental groups was observed. Highest weight gain percentage and survival was found in T3. Fatty acid profile of Artemia franciscana and shrimp at day 7 and 25 were analysed. Higher W-6 fatty acid accumulation was found in shrimp on day 7. Histological analysis of muscles, hepatopancreas and intestine showed different fatty acids levels reflected structural changes in epithelial cells. The current study revealed that Artemia franciscana enriched with 2% fatty acid emulsion can be used as an optimum level to improve the zootechnical performance of P. Vannamei.
Histomorphological and Histochemical Studies on Proventriculus in Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)
Authors: Saran Devendra , Meshram Balwant 
Published: December 2020

Background: The proventriculus, component of digestive system of bird secretes hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen which helps the churning of food material that takes place in ventriculus. Pepsinogen produces pepsin and it smashes the peptide bonds of amino acid of food material. Methods: The twelve proventriculus samples of Guinea fowl birds were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and Bouin’s fluid for histological procedure while chilled acetone and chilled ethanol were used as the fixatives for histochemical studies. The fresh unfixed samples were used on cryostat for studies of succinic dehydrogenase enzyme. Result: Histomorphologically the proventriculus of Guinea fowl was observed as the typical tubular component with four tunics from inside to outside as tunica mucosa, tunica sub mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. The submucosal layer comprised with proventricular submucosal gland (PVSMG) which was encapsulated by elastic fibers. Tunica muscularis was inner longitudinal and outer circular layer, while the tunica serosa was observed with surrounding adipose tissue as the connective tissue constituent to endow the access of nutritional supply in the form of blood vessels. The luminal surface of proventricular submucosal glands has shown the significant activity of glycogen while intercalated, intralobular and interlobular ducts have exhibited the weak activity towards the same. The glandular cell rod of PVSMG, serosal layer and adjoining connective tissue with blood vessels has exhibited very weak activity of alkaline phosphatase. Mucosal folds and lumen of PVSMG has shown the weak activity of acidic phosphatase but the serosal limiting membrane has shown very weak activity. The succinic dehydrogenase activity was seen in the connective tissue septa of submucosal glandular cellular rods and the intense activity was observed at tunica muscularis.
Effect of Sex on the Body Weights of Pure Breed Sahiwal Calf under the High Humid Conditions of Assam
Authors: Baruah Upasana , Kaushik Purabi , Das G.C. , Kalita D. , Amonge T.K. , Borah M. , Akhtar F. , Kalita K.B. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Sahiwal is an outstanding milch breed of cattle originated from the Sahiwal area, Montgomery district of Punjab in Pakistan. Performance evaluation of this breed in the high humid condition of north-east India is very much limited. Assam Agricultural University is maintaining a pure herd of Sahiwal cattle in the College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara since August 2017 to conserve, propagate and bring about genetic improvement of this breed. Methods: The study was carried out in Sahiwal cattle farm, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati by utilizing 25 numbers of Sahiwal calves. Least squares analysis of variance technique (1975) was undertaken to analyze the body weights of calves at monthly intervals up to six months of age. Result: Overall mean for body weights of calves were found as 26.96 ± 0.27 kg, 32.03 ± 0.47 kg, 37.03 ± 0.62 kg, 42.91 ± 0.76 kg, 48.45 ± 0.77 kg, 55.22 ± 0.77 kg, and 62.08 ± 0.88 kg at the day of birth, 1st month, 2nd month, 3rd month, 4th month, 5th month and 6th month respectively. Analysis of variance revealed that the bodyweight of male calves was significantly heavier than that of the female calves ( less than 0.05).
Physiological Divergence in Green Gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes for Drought and High Temperature Stress Tolerance During Flowering Phase
Authors: Jincy M. , Prasad V. Babu Rajendra , Senthil A. , Jeyakumar P. , Manivannan N. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Drought and high temperature stress limits the crop production. Development of drought and high temperature tolerant cultivars that can withstand and yield better under adverse conditions is very much important to ensure the food and nutritional security. Green gram is one of the important pulse crops with high nutritional and economic value. Among the various stages of plant growth and development, reproductive stage is highly sensitive to drought and high temperature stress across all species. The main objective of this study was to evaluate green gram germplasm collection and identification of elite greengram genotypes that can withstand drought and high temperature stresses at reproductive stage. Methods: The experiment was conducted during March-April, 2019, at National Pulses Research Centre, Vamban, Pudukottai district, Tamil Nadu. To study the influence of combined drought and high temperature stress during reproductive stage, the green gram genotypes were sown in pots. Six pots were maintained for each genotype of which three were maintained at 100% field capacity (control) and for another three; drought stress (50% field capacity for 5 days) was imposed combined with high temperature stress (36 ± 2°C) during reproductive phase (35 Days after sowing). At the end of stress period, physiological and biochemical analysis were carried out to identify the tolerant green gram genotypes against drought and high temperature stresses. Result: In the present study, drought and high temperature stress has negative impact on green gram physiology. Among the genotypes screened for their tolerance at reproductive stage, the following green gram genotypes viz., TARM 1, VGG 15029, VGG 17003, VGG 17004, VGG 17006, VGG 17010 and VGG 17019 were found to withstand drought and high temperature stress and maintain high total chlorophyll content, relative water content and chlorophyll stability index. These green gram gramplasm can be used in pulse breeding program to evolve resilient green gram varieties. Screening of 29 green gram genotypes for drought and high temperature stress during reproductive stage were carried out by maintaining the drought stress (50% field capacity for 5 days) combined with high temperature stress (36 ± 2°C) during reproductive stage (35 days after sowing) by pot culture experiment. Total chlorophyll, relative water content, chlorophyll stability index (CSI), oxidants and antioxidant activity were quantified to identify the tolerant green gram genotypes against drought and high temperature stresses. Based on physiological and biochemical parameters, the following green gram genotypes viz., TARM 1, VGG 15029, VGG 17003, VGG 17004, VGG 17006, VGG 17010 and VGG 17019 were found to withstand and tolerate combined drought and high temperature stresses at flowering stage.
Effect of Plant Pattern and Density on Yield and Amino Acid Profile of Tepary Bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) in a Semiarid Area
Authors: Adibzadeh Zahra , Sajedi Nour Ali , Madani Hamid , Gomarian Masoud , Chavoshi Saeid 
Published: December 2020

Background: Tepary bean is recognized as a deal crop for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions. The spatial distribution of plants is an important farming practice. A study was conducted in tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) to investigate the effect of planting pattern and plant density on plant yield and amino acid profile.Methods: The experiment was carried out in a split-split plot design with three replications during 2017 and 2018. The main plot comprised planting pattern at two levels, including one-row plantation (PP1) and two-row plantation (PP2) and sub plot comprised plant density at three levels, including high plant density (HPD:50 plant/m2), moderate plant density (MPD:40 plant/m2) and low plant density (LPD: 30 plant/m2). In both years, plants were harvested at the end of pod filling stage at October. Amino acid profiles were determined using a HPLC system. Result: The results showed that in the first year and under PP2, MPD increased the biological yield by 19% and 16% compared to HPD and LPD, respectively. Increased pod yield was observed at MPD compared to HPD and LPD. In the second year under PP1, MPD improved grain yield by 75% and 65% in comparison to HPD and LPD, respectively. Increased protein and amino acid content were observed at MPD and PP2. The greatest amino acid content was Leu followed by Lys, Arg, Phe, Val, Ile, Thr, Tyr, His, Met, Trp and Cys.
Preface: The Linkages between Local Entrepreneurship and Regional Economic Development
Authors: Sloboda Brian W. 
Published: December 2020

A discussion of the linkages between local entrepreneurship and regional economic development provides an intriguing starting point for a wider reflection on the role of existing policies as well as emerging practices that promote regional economic development. Existing literature investigates the role of entrepreneurship and regional economic development. Increasingly, this has been conceptualized in terms of entrepreneurial ecosystems.
However, the current literature is fragmented and too often based on problematic assumptions. There are major disconnects between scholars, policymakers, and practitioners. For example, a fast-growing phenomenon is the rise of ecosystem building and ecosystem builders as championed by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and its ESHIP initiative. Little research has addressed this and presents a significant opportunity for innovative, rigorous research that will influence policy and practice.
This editorial introduction provides a summary of the contributions included in the special issue on the linkages between local entrepreneurship and regional economic development. These articles focus on the various application of the linkages between local entrepreneurship and regional economic development. The editorial concludes by providing some direction for future research.
IMPLEMENTING E-LEARNING THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA IN ISLAMIC UNIVERSITIES DURING PANDEMIC
Authors: Hafidzi Anwar , Rimayanti Rimayanti 
Published: December 2020

Abstrak
Penelitian ini membahas tentang penggunaan e-learning ketika terjadinya pandemic covid-19 terhadap mahasiswa di beberapa perguruan tinggi di Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. Meskipun ada beberapa yang meneliti tentang e-learning pada masa pandemi, tapi peneliti lebih menekankan pada efektifitas daring dibandingkan ketika berada di ruang kelas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan yang bersifat kuantitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi terhadap pembelajaran yang bersifat daring dampaknya terhadap kesiapan peserta didik. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa 80% mahasiswa belum siap mengikuti pembelajaran daring secara total, kecuali jika menggunakan metode blended learning. Sebanyak 60% mahasiswa berpendapat bahwa finansial merupakan bagian terpenting dalam pembelajaran daring berdasarkan kuota, sementara 25% responden tidak mempermasalahkan ekonomi. Dengan pendapatan per-kapita yang harus tinggi menyebabkan pola yang digunakan hanya smartphone saja. Hasil yang didapat juga bertolak bekalang dengan tujuan e-learning, sehingga pembelajaran kurang efektif. Hal ini disebabkan ketidaksiapan para mahasiswa dalam menghadapi new normal dalam pembelajaran secara daring.

Kata kunci:, Pendidikan; Pemecahan Masalah; Pengukuran; Pembelajaran;
Abstract
This research explores the use of E-learning in many universities in Southern Kalimantan in Indonesia in the Covid-19 pandemic against students. Although some researchers study e-learning during a pandemic, researchers concentrate more on the quality of e-learning than in a classroom. This study is a phenomenologically focused quantitative field research which has an impact on the students' preparation. This study shows that 80 % of students are not prepared to completely engage in online learning unless they use the combined form of learning. Sixty percent of students agree that finance is the key part of online quota-based learning, while 25 percent of students do not care about the economy. This results in a trend which is only used by smartphones with a high per capita income. The findings also run counter to the goal of e-learning, which makes learning less efficient. This is attributable to students being unprepared to face the latest online learning standard.
Keywords: Education; Problem Solving; Measurement; Learning;
THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM DOBESILATE ON THE PREVENTION OF EXPERIMENTAL INTRA-ABDOMINAL ADHESIONS
Authors: KÜÇÜK Berkay , TUNCAL Salih , AYDIN Osman , ÜNAL Yılmaz , BAĞ Yusuf Murat , ADIYAMAN Zeynep , ŞENES Mehmet , CELEPLİ Pınar , HÜCÜMENOĞLU Sema , KILIÇOĞLU Bülent , KISMET Kemal , ERTAŞ Ertuğrul 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: It was aimed to demonstrate the efficacy
of Calcium Dobesilate (Ca-Dob) in preventing postoperative intra-abdominal
adhesion formation in an experimental cecal abrasion model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty female
Wistar Albino rats were randomized into 3 groups. In the sham group, the cecum
was removed from the abdomen and replaced without any further processing. In
the control group, after cecal abrasion and peritoneal resection no processing
was applied. In the Ca-Dob group, after cecal abrasion and peritoneal resection,
100 mg/kg/day Ca-Dob was administered. All rats were sacrificed on 21st day.
The evaluation of adhesions was made through the degrees of bowel inflammation
and fibrosis in tissue samples and the biochemical analysis of tissue and blood
samples. RESULTS: Statistically, inflammation, microscopic adhesions and fibrosis scores
were found to be significantly lower in the Ca-Dob administered rats compared to the control group (p
&lt; 0.05). Tissue MDA, FOP and TOS values were found to be significantly lower
statistically compared to the control group (p = 0.001). Tissue total SH values
were found to be statistically significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) in the sham
group compared with the control group. Finally; serum MDA and serum TOS values in
the Ca-Dob group, was statistically significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) compared
to control group.

CONCLUSION: Ca-Dob was found to be efficacious in preventing the
formation of adhesions. In addition to the demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect
histopathologically, the effect of antioxidant effect demonstrated
biochemically was concluded to participate to the adhesion preventive efficacy
of Ca-Dob.
EVALUASI PROGRAM PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN BAHAN PUSTAKA DI PUSDIKLAT PERPUSTAKAAN NASIONAL RI
Authors: Muhammad Fadhil  , Dr. Neti Karnati, M. Pd  , Dr. Matin, M. Pd  
Published: December 2020

This research was intended to see how the Kirkpatrick four level evaluation model is applied in the Library Material Processing training program organized by the Education and Training center of National Library of Indonesia. This evaluation research uses the Kirkpatrick evaluation model (Reaction, Learning, Behavior, Result). The subject of this research is training organizers, training instructors and training participants in the processing of library materials. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, documentation and interviews. Data validity test is done using triangulation of sources and methods.
The results of this study show that the implementation of the Library Material Processing Training program has not gone well based on the aspect that being evaluated. 1) In the Reaction evaluation aspect, the implementation of training at this stage goes well. It can be seen from the results of the evaluator's last evaluation score which has a score of 93.88 or very satisfied and the last evaluation score of the instructor who has a score of 90.66 or very satisfied. 2) In the aspect of learning evaluation, the training process goes well according to the plan that was made before. This can be seen from the final score of all participants who have a score above the least limit. 3) in the Behavior aspect, the training organizers have not carried out observations of the participants' behavior after the training. 4) Then in the Result aspect, the training organizers also have not carried out observations on the participants' contributions or the use of participant's knowledge of the library performance.

Keywords: Program Evaluation, Library Material Processing Training, Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model
On Extremal Graphs of Degree Distance Index by Using Edge-Grafting
Transformations Method
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Akhtar Shehnaz , Ahmad Uzma , Ahmad Sarfraz , Bilal Ahsan 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Topological indices have numerous implementations in chemistry, biology and in lot of other areas.
It is a real number associated to a graph, which provides information about its physical and chemical properties and their
correlations. For a connected graph H, the degree distance defined as DD(H)=∑_(\h_1,h_2⊆V(H))〖(〖deg〗_H (h_1 )+〖deg〗_H (h_2 )) d_H (h_1,h_2 ) 〗, where 〖deg〗_H (h_1 ) is the degree of vertex h_1and d_H (h_1,h_2 ) is the distance between h_1and h_2in the graph H.

Aim and Objective:
In this article, we characterize some extremal trees with respect to degree distance index which has a lot
of applications in theoretical and computational chemistry.

Materials and Methods:
A novel method of edge-grafting transformations is used. We discuss the behavior of DD index
under four edge-grafting transformations.

Results:
By the help of those transformations, we derive some extremal trees under certain parameters including pendant
vertices, diameter, matching and domination numbers. Some extremal trees for this graph invariant are also characterized.

Conclusion:
It is shown that balanced spider approaches to the smallest DD index among trees having given fixed leaves.
The tree Cn,d has the smallest DD index, among the all trees of diameter d. It is also proved that the matching number and
domination numbers are equal for trees having minimum DD index.
Big Data to Knowledge: Application of Machine Learning to Predictive Modeling of Therapeutic Response in Cancer
Authors: Panja Sukanya , Rahem Sarra , Chu Cassandra J. , Mitrofanova Antonina 
Published: December 2020

Background:
In recent years, the availability of high throughput technologies, establishment
of large molecular patient data repositories, and advancement in computing power and storage
have allowed elucidation of complex mechanisms implicated in therapeutic response in cancer
patients. The breadth and depth of such data, alongside experimental noise and missing values, requires
a sophisticated human-machine interaction that would allow effective learning from complex
data and accurate forecasting of future outcomes, ideally embedded in the core of machine
learning design.

Objective:
In this review, we will discuss machine learning techniques utilized for modeling of treatment response in cancer,
including Random Forests, support vector machines, neural networks, and linear and logistic regression. We will overview
their mathematical foundations and discuss their limitations and alternative approaches all in light of their application to
therapeutic response modeling in cancer.

Conclusion:
We hypothesize that the increase in the number of patient profiles and potential temporal monitoring of patient
data will define even more complex techniques, such as deep learning and causal analysis, as central players in therapeutic
response modeling.
Amyloid-beta Induced Neurotoxicity Impairs Cognition and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in a Mouse Model for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Amber Sanila , Sumera  , Mirza Fatima J. , Asif Muhammad , Hassan Deeba , Ahmed Touqeer , Zahid Saadia 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Neurogenesis, the key mechanism to generate new neurons from existing
stem cell niches continues throughout the life in the adult mammalian brain, although decelerate with
aging or the progression of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the past
few years, impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis emerged as a contributing hallmark of AD
pathophysiology along with amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau hyper phosphorylation-induced neurotoxicity.
However, no conclusive evidence exists that indicates the up/down-regulation of adult hippocampal
neurogenesis during the course of AD progression.

Methods:
In this study, we examined alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive
deficits using Aβ(1-42)-induced mouse model of AD.

Results:
Our results demonstrate that Aβ administration induces an anxiety like behavior and impairs
spatial and non-spatial memory and learning in BALB/c mice. Extensive neuronal loss was also evident
in the dentate gyrus (DG), CA1, CA2 and CA3 regions of hippocampus in Aβ-treated animals.
Furthermore, Aβ-exposure markedly reduced the real-time expression of markers of cell proliferation
and migration i.e. Ki67 and DCX, whereas immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a substantial
reduction in the expression levels of Ki67 and NeuN.

Conclusion:
Our findings highlight the association of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity with altered
neurogenesis and memory formation; however further insight is warranted to explore the underlying
molecular pathway(s). Moreover, the treatment strategies aiming to repair the adult hippocampal
neurogenesis hold potential as AD therapeutics.