bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing hepcidin measurement with a proficiency test framework and standardization improvement
Authors: Aune Ellis T. , Diepeveen Laura E. , Laarakkers Coby M. , Klaver Siem , Armitage Andrew E. , Bansal Sukhvinder , Chen Michael , Fillet Marianne , Han Huiling , Herkert Matthias , Itkonen Outi , van de Kerkhof Daan , Krygier Aleksandra , Lefebvre Thibaud , Neyer Peter , Rieke Markus , Tomosugi Naohisa , Weykamp Cas W. , Swinkels Dorine W. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Hepcidin measurement advances insights in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of iron disorders, but requires analytically sound and standardized measurement procedures (MPs). Recent development of a two-level secondary reference material (sRM) for hepcidin assays allows worldwide standardization. However, no proficiency testing (PT) schemes to ensure external quality assurance (EQA) exist and the absence of a high calibrator in the sRM set precludes optimal standardization.

Methods
We developed a pilot PT together with the Dutch EQA organization Stichting Kwaliteitsbewaking Medische Laboratoriumdiagnostiek (SKML) that included 16 international hepcidin MPs. The design included 12 human serum samples that allowed us to evaluate accuracy, linearity, precision and standardization potential. We manufactured, value-assigned, and validated a high-level calibrator in a similar manner to the existing low- and middle-level sRM.

Results
The pilot PT confirmed logistical feasibility of an annual scheme. Most MPs demonstrated linearity (R2>0.99) and precision (duplicate CV>12.2%), although the need for EQA was shown by large variability in accuracy. The high-level calibrator proved effective, reducing the inter-assay CV from 42.0% (unstandardized) to 14.0%, compared to 17.6% with the two-leveled set. The calibrator passed international homogeneity criteria and was assigned a value of 9.07±0.24 nmol/L.

Conclusions
We established a framework for future PT to enable laboratory accreditation, which is essential to ensure quality of hepcidin measurement and its use in patient care. Additionally, we showed optimized standardization is possible by extending the current sRM with a third high calibrator, although international implementation of the sRM is a prerequisite for its success.
The Minamata Convention
Authors: Toda Eisaku , Have Claudia ten , Pacyna Jozef M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Considerable scientific knowledge has been developed on sources and emissions of mercury, its pathways and cycling through the environment, human exposure and impacts on human health. Mercury has been recognized as a toxic, persistent, and mobile contaminant. This contaminant does not degrade in the environment, and it is mobile because of the volatility of the element and several of its compounds. Mercury has the ability to be transported within air masses over very long distances and deposited far away from emission sources.
A Path for Tracking Funded Research and Compliance
Authors: Ratner Howard , Spilka Susan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To better understand how CHORUS [1] is creating a future where the output flowing from funded research is easily and permanently discoverable, accessible, and verifiable, this article will share the story of its origins, present an overview of its services, and look at what’s in the pipeline. Working closely with organizations from all corners of the scholarly community, CHORUS is helping to establish new foundational standards, metrics, and metadata. This work is enabling CHORUS to introduce new and expanded capabilities—notably, tracking research datasets and integrating institutional identifiers—that support the continuing evolution of a sustainable and connected open-science infrastructure.
Optimization of diagrid geometry based on the desirability function approach
Authors: Lacidogna Giuseppe , Scaramozzino Domenico , Carpinteri Alberto 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Diagrids represent one of the emerging structural systems employed worldwide for the construction of high-rise buildings. Their potential relies on the peculiar architectural effect and their great lateral stiffness. Because of the modular nature of the diagrid triangular element, optimization processes are usually carried out to assess the best arrangement of the external diagonals in order to enhance the structural performance while using the lowest amount of structural material. In this contribution, we make use for the first time of the desirability function approach to investigate the optimal geometry of the dia-grid system. A 168-meter tall building, with four different floor shapes, is analyzed, and the inclination of the external diagonals is varied between 35° and 84°. The desirability function approach is applied to find the most desirable geometry to limit both the lateral and torsional deformability, the amount of employed material as well as the construction complexity of the building. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out to investigate the influence of the individual desirability weight on the obtained optimal geometry. The effect of the building height is finally evaluated, through the investigation of sets of 124-, 210- and 252-meter tall diagrid structures.
Some topological indices of dendrimers determined by their Banhatti polynomials
Authors: Chu Zheng-Qing , Salman Muhammad , Munir Asia , Khalid Imran , Rehman Masood Ur , Liu Jia-Bao , Ali Faisal 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Several properties of chemical compounds in a molecular structure can be determined with the aid of mathematical languages provided by various types of topological indices. In this paper, we consider eight dendrimer structures in the context of valency based topological indices. We define four Banhatti polynomials for general (molecular) graphs, and compute them for underline dendrimers. We use these polynomials to determine four Banhatti indices. We also determine Zagreb (first, second and hyper) and forgotten indices by developing their relationships with Banhatti indices.
Features of frequency dependence of electrical conductivity and dielectric properties in lignins from conifers and deciduous trees
Authors: Khviyuzov Sergey , Bogolitsyn Konstantin , Volkov Aleksandr , Koposov Gennadiy , Gusakova Maria 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lignins are among the most common plant polymers and demonstrate pronounced electrical conductivity properties due to their conjugated polymolecular aromatic structure and polyfunctional nature. Electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of lignins from conifers and deciduous trees in the range of electric field frequencies from 10−2 to 107 Hz were investigated by means of dielectric spectroscopy. Characteristic parameters of static and high frequency electrical conductivity were calculated. To study the influence of the lignins functional nature on their electrophysical properties, the study determined three types of relaxators (separate charges or charge systems in the structure of a substance changing their position in space when exposed to an external alternating electric field) in the structure of the lignin macromolecule. Low-frequency relaxators are associated with oscillations of methoxyl groups. Mid-frequency relaxators correspond predominantly to phenolic hydroxyl groups and to hydroxyl groups of adsorbed water. High-frequency relaxators correspond to the hopping of π-electrons along the chain of conjugated bonds of a benzene ring. Differences in the structure and functional nature of lignins from conifers and deciduous trees cause different contributions of low-frequency relaxators. As a result, these features form differences in the electrophysical properties of lignins from conifers and deciduous trees.
Internal quality evaluation of chestnut using nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Park Soo Hyun , Noh Sang Ha , McCarthy Michael J. , Kim Seong Min 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study was carried out to develop a prediction model for soluble solid content (SSC) of intact chestnut and to detect internal defects using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Inversion recovery and Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) pulse sequences used to determine the longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times, respectively. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was adopted to predict SSCs of chestnuts with NMR data and histograms from MR images. The coefficient of determination (R
2), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD), and the ratio of error range (RER) of the optimized model to predict SSC were 0.77, 1.41 °Brix, 1.86, and 11.31 with a validation set. Furthermore, an image-processing algorithm has been developed to detect internal defects such as decay, mold, and cavity using MR images. The classification applied with the developed image processing algorithm was over 94% accurate to classify. Based on the results obtained, it was determined that the NMR signal could be applied for grading several levels by SSC, and MRI could be used to evaluate the internal qualities of chestnuts.
Nitric oxide mediates the antidepressant-like effect of modafinil in mouse forced swimming and tail suspension tests
Authors: Omidi-Ardali Hossein , Badi Abolfazl Ghasemi , Saghaei Elham , Amini-Khoei Hossein 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Previous studies have suggested antidepressant properties for modafinil; however, the underlying mechanisms mediating the antidepressant effect of modafinil have not been well recognized in clinical and animal studies. Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. We attempted to investigate the possible role of NO in the antidepressant-like effect of modafinil in mouse forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST).

Methods
The antidepressant-like effect of modafinil (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg), alone and in combination with l-arginine, l-arg, (100 mg/kg) and NG-l-arginine methyl ester, l-NAME (5 mg/kg), was evaluated using FST and TST. Following behavioral tests, the hippocampi were dissected out to measure nitrite levels.

Results
Findings suggested that administration of modafinil at doses of 50 and 75 mg/kg significantly reduced immobility time in the FST and TST. Furthermore, administration of l-arg and l-NAME increased and decreased, respectively, the immobility time in the FST and TST. We showed that co-administration of a sub-effective dose of modafinil (25 mg/kg) plus l-NAME potentiated the antidepressant-like effect of the sub-effective dose of modafinil. In addition, co-treatment of an effective dose of modafinil (75 mg/kg) with l-arg attenuated the antidepressant-like effect of the effective dose of modafinil. We showed that the antidepressant-like effect of modafinil is associated with decreased nitrite levels in the hippocampus.

Conclusions
Our findings for the first time support that the modulation of NO, partially at least, is involved in the antidepressant-like effect of modafinil in mouse FST and TST.
Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of Adiantum lunulatum Burm. F. leaf in alcohol-induced rat model
Authors: Kakadia Nimisha Parshottambhai , Amin Monika A , Deshpande Shrikalp S 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Background

Adiantum lunulatum Burm. F. leaf (AL) and its related species have been used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases.

Objective
The present study evaluated the hepatoprotective, and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of AL.

Methodology and Result
The hepatoprotective effect of AL was evaluated against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Administration of ethanol (2 g/kg) showed a significant biochemical and histological deterioration in the liver of experimental animals. Pretreatment with ethanolic extract of AL (250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt. p.o) significantly reduced the elevated levels of serum enzymes like serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, total bilirubin and reversed the hepatic damage in the liver which evidenced the hepatoprotective activity. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level notably increased due to doses of AL.

Conclusion
The results of the present study demonstrate that the ethanolic extract of AL possesses hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities.

Graphical Abstract
Glial cell induced neural differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Ma Qiang , Cai Ming , Shang Jing-Wei , Yang Jun , Gu Xin-Yi , Liu Wen-Bo , Yang Qing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have an important application prospect in the field of cell therapy for various neurodegenerative diseases, and inducing factors that regulate BMSC differentiation are proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, we explored the effect of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on the course of BMSC differentiation.

Methods
BMSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and induced by GDNF. The effects of GDNF on BMSC viability and proliferation were verified by cell counting kit-8, MTT, bromodeoxyuridine, and flow cytometry assays. Neuronal differentiation from BMSCs was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence via measuring the expression of several neural specific markers.

Results
Compared to untreated BMSCs, GDNF induced the differentiation of BMSCs into neuron-like cells and enhanced the expression levels of neuronal markers including nestin and NCAM. Moreover, the expression of SCF was suppressed by GDNF stimulation.

Conclusion
GDNF could elevate the differentiation of BMSCs into neuron-like cells and could be considered as an effective candidate cell for future neuroscience research.
Crystal structure of (tricyclohexylphosphane-κP)-[(Z)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-O-methylthiocarbamato-k1
S]gold(I), C26H40AuFNOPS
Authors: Yeo Chien Ing , Tan Yee Seng , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
C26H40AuFNOPS, triclinic, P1 (no. 1), a = 9.62498(7) Å, b = 11.78239(10) Å, c = 12.74349(13) Å, α = 78.7411(8)°, β = 73.5635(8)°, γ = 76.6096(1)°, V = 1335.34(2) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0224, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0557, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of N,N-diphenylformamide, C13H11NO
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
C13H11NO, orthorhombic, Pca21 (no. 29), a = 23.801(4) Å, b = 6.0510(13) Å, c = 7.2677(14) Å, V = 1046.7(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0335, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0896, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of DL-α-(methylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol, C9H13NO
Authors: Manana Pholani , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

C
9

H

13

NO

${\text{C}}_{9}{\text{H}}_{13}\text{NO}$

, orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 60), a = 29.554(4) Å, b = 7.4930(11) Å, c = 8.2800(10) Å, V = 1833.6(4) Å3, Z = 8,

R

g
t

${R}_{gt}$

(F) = 0.0737,

w

R

r
e
f

$w{R}_{ref}$

(

F
2

${F}^{2}$

) = 0.1646, T = 200 K.
4-(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)-4-methylmorpholin-4-ium bromide, C18H20BrNO
Authors: Kailani Mohammed H. , Awwadi Firas F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
C18H20BrNO, orthorhombic, Pbca (No. 61), a = 8.4285(4) Å, b = 19.2055(9) Å, c = 19.7809(12) Å, Z = 8, V = 3202.0(3) Å3, R

gt
(F) = 0.0427, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1025, T = 293(2) K.
The role of the dentate gyrus in mnemonic functions
Authors: Sauer Jonas-Frederic , Bartos Marlene 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The hippocampus is decisive for the storage of conscious memories. Current theories suggest that experience-dependent modifications in excitation–inhibition balance enable a select group of neurons to form a new cell association during learning which represents the new memory trace. It was further proposed that particularly GABAergic-inhibitory interneurons have a large impact on population activity in neuronal networks by means of their inhibitory output synapses. They synchronize active principal cells at high frequencies, thereby supporting their binding to cell assemblies to jointly encode information. However, how cell associations emerge in space and time and how interneurons may contribute to this process is still largely unknown. We started to address this fundamental question in the dentate gyrus (DG) as the input gate of the hippocampus, which has an indispensable role in conscious memory formation. We used a combination of in vivo chronic two-photon imaging of population activity in the DG and the hippocampal areas CA1–3 of mice exposed to a virtual reality, in which they perform a goal-oriented spatial memory tasks, with high-density in vivo recordings and multiple whole-cell recordings in acute slice preparations, to determine how memory engrams emerge during learning. We further examine how GABAergic interneurons may contribute to this process. We believe that these lines of research will add to a better understanding on the mechanisms of memory formation in cortical networks.
Mechanisms of synaptic vesicle recycling provide a platform to explore mechanisms of neurodegeneration
Authors: Milosevic Ira 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The synaptic vesicle (SV) cycle, a trafficking pathway by which SV fuses with the plasma membrane to release neurotransmitters at the neuronal synapse, resides at the heart of neurotransmission. SV fusion consumes vesicle membrane and proteins, whose availability is limited, and these components must be recycled quickly to prevent synaptic fatigue. Biochemical, genetic and physiological approaches over the past five decades have led to a discovery of a large directory of proteins and lipids central to the SV cycle and several models on how these constituents account for the synapse function. The complexity of the SV cycle is starting to be comprehended, which opens new perspectives for our understanding of neuronal physiology and provides mechanistic explanations for several neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, selected classic and recent insights into the mechanisms of two key SV trafficking steps (exocytosis and endocytosis) are reviewed, as well as their links to selected brain pathologies.
Enhancement of Thermoelectric Properties of Layered Chalcogenide Materials
Authors: Alsalama Manal M. , Hamoudi Hicham , Abdala Ahmed , Ghouri Zafar K. , Youssef Khaled M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThermoelectric materials have long been proven to be effective in converting heat energy into electricity and vice versa. Since semiconductors have been used in the thermoelectric field, much work has been done to improve their efficiency. The interrelation between their thermoelectric physical parameters (Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity) required special tailoring in order to get the maximum improvement in their performance. Various approaches have been reported in the research for developing thermoelectric performance, including doping and alloying, nanostructuring, and nanocompositing. Among different types of thermoelectric materials, layered chalcogenide materials are unique materials with distinctive properties. They have low self-thermal conductivity, and their layered structure allows them to be modified easily to improve their thermoelectric performance. In this review, basic knowledge of thermoelectric concepts and challenges for enhancing the figure of merit is provided. It discusses briefly different groups of layered chalcogenide thermoelectric materials with their structure and thermoelectric properties. It also reports different approaches in the literature for improving their performance and the recent progress done in this field. It highlights graphene as a promising nano additive to layered chalcogenide materials’ matrix and shows its effect on enhancing their figure of merit.
Modeling time-varying parameters using artificial neural networks: a GARCH illustration
Authors: Donfack Morvan Nongni , Dufays Arnaud 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe propose a new volatility process in which parameters vary over time according to an artificial neural network (ANN). We prove the process’s stationarity as well as the global identification of the parameters. Since ANNs require economic series as input variables, we develop a shrinkage approach to select which explanatory variables are relevant to forecast volatility. Empirically, the proposed model favorably compares with other flexible processes in terms of in-sample fit on six financial returns. It also delivers accurate short-term volatility predictions in terms of root mean squared errors and the predictive likelihood criterion. For long-term forecasts, it can be competitive with the Markov-switching generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (MS-GARCH) model if appropriate exogenous variables are used. Since our new type of time-varying parameter (TVP) process is based on a universal approximator, the approach can readily revisit and potentially improve many standard TVP applications.
Referentiality and modifiability of incorporated nouns
Authors: Olthof Marieke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the pragmatic referentiality and semantic modifiability of incorporated nouns. While some researchers argue that incorporated nouns have a referential function, others claim that they are not used to refer. Similarly, some hold that incorporated nouns are modifiable, whereas other researchers maintain that they cannot be modified. In order to tease apart these conflicting views, the present study systematically investigates the cross- and intra-linguistic variation regarding the referentiality and modifiability of incorporated nouns. A pre-defined set of criteria for the identification of referentially vs. non-referentially used nouns and modifiable vs. non-modifiable nouns, taken from Functional Discourse Grammar, is applied to incorporated nouns in a sample of 21 languages. The results show variation between referentially used modifiable nouns, non-referentially used modifiable nouns and non-referentially used non-modifiable nouns, both across and within languages. In addition, referentially used modifiable incorporated nouns and non-referentially used non-modifiable incorporated nouns appear to occur independently of each other, such that the conflicting perspectives on the referentiality and modifiability of incorporated nouns may be related to differences between studies and theoretical approaches in the languages they focus on. Moreover, incorporated non-referentially used modifiable nouns are only found in languages that also show incorporated referentially used modifiable nouns, which suggests that two independent incorporation processes should be distinguished: the incorporation of modifiable nouns and the incorporation of non-modifiable nouns.