bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metallurgical failure analysis of an exploded CO2 gas cylinder
Authors: Hassan Syed Fida 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A gas cylinder, containing carbon dioxide (CO2) in a manifold of sixteen cylinders, exploded in an outdoor building construction site at midday within two hours of its arrival from a filling station. It was to be used for construction welding. The seamless gas cylinder that exploded was made of low alloy steel with a tempered martensitic microstructure. Observation revealed the presence of discreet localized external corrosion which weakened the gas cylinder extremely. A study concluded that the midday outdoor heat had apparently increased the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas within which in turn led to the sudden catastrophic explosion of the weakened corroded gas cylinder.
Properties of different TIG coatings of Stellite on the Hardox 450 and St 52 steel
Authors: Kirik Ihsan , Balalan Zulkuf , Imak Anil , Yaz Mehmet 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to coat different types of Stellite (1, 6 and 12) whose carbon rates vary on Hardox 450 and St 52 steel by means of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. For the purpose of microstructure investigations after welding, SEM, EDX, X-Ray and microhardness tests were carried out. It was observed that different types of Stellite coating with different features have an effective influence on microstructure and in the presence of dendritic nets between the grains decreased when the carbon content in Stellite coating decreased and when the substrates varied. In addition, it was determined in microhardness examinations that hardness increased with increasing carbon content and that the highest hardness value of 762 HV in sample S1 was attained. Consequently, positive results have been given for coating Hardox 450 steel and St 52 steel with Stellite via the TIG method.
Joint strength optimization and morphological analysis for friction stir spot welding of the dissimilar thermoplastics ABS and PC
Authors: Ülker Aydın , Ayaz Asil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the feasibility of friction stir spot welding two dissimilar polymers, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polycarbonate. Welding parameters are effective on lap joint shear load. This study also investigated the influences of welding parameters such as rotational speed, plunge depth, and dwell time on the joint morphology and mechanical characterization. In addition, a common problem in friction stir spot welding is the forming of characteristic keyholes in the joint,s a problem that has an important effect on mechanical test results. For this reason, a polycarbonate filler sheet was used to improve the lap joint shear load by reducing the size of the keyhole in this study. The quality of the welded specimens was examined after lap joint shear tests. Experiments were carried out according to Taguchi L9 orthogonal array using a randomized approach for arranging optimum welding parameters. Signal-to-noise ratio and the analysis of variance were used to determine the influences of each process parameter on the lap joint shear load. Results indicated that the friction stir spot welding of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene with polycarbonate is feasible and welding parameters significantly affected joint quality. From the experiments, a 57 % improvement was achieved in the lap joint shear load from the initial welding parameters to the optimal welding parameters. Furthermore, weld morphology was investigated by morphological analysis and visual comparisons. Finally, the failure modes of the fractured samples were observed and classified for highest, moderate, and lowest lap joint shear loads.
Measurement of the dielectric properties of various monoolein/ water mesophases between 90 and 140 GHz
Authors: Yang Chuang , Wang Jian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the dielectric properties of a series of glyceryl monoolein/ water liquid crystal systems containing 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 wt.-% water are measured between 90 and 140 GHz. An IEEE standard WR-08 waveguide shim is used as a sample holder. The holder is filled with the monoolein/water liquid crystal system during measurement. The S-parameters of the sample holder filled with the liquid crystal systems are measured using 90-140 GHz millimeter-wave test equipment. The dielectric properties of the crystal systems are extracted from the measured transmission parameters (S21) using the Newton algorithm. We find that the dielectric properties of these glyceryl monoolein/water liquid crystal systems from 90 GHz to 140 GHz are not sensitive to frequency. That is in contrast to the low-frequency dielectric properties in the literature. We also find that the imaginary component of the dielectric spectroscopy between 90 and 140 GHz can identify the phase of the monoolein/water liquid crystal system. The finds in this paper are important for monoolein study.
Women in Vulnerability: Perceptions About Family and Reproductive Planning Policy
Authors: Marcolino Silva Geovana , Rocha Débora Batista de Souza , Ferreira Aline Alvim , Medeiros Laura Prado , Silva Nathalie Oliveira , Santos Isabela Macedo Vitorino Dos , Soares Paola Moreira , Freitas Efigenia Aparecida Maciel De 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The family and reproductive planning program is offered in the instances of the Unified Health System (SUS), and makes free contraceptive methods and devices available to the entire population, seeking to make people aware of the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Despite citizens' rights, some communities live in a situation of vulnerability and have greater difficulty in accessing public services, as in that program. Objective: To analyze the knowledge and adherence of women to the family and reproductive planning program and contraceptive methods, in addition to carrying out health education activities on the subject, focusing on the copper IUD. Methodology: This is an action research, with random sampling and a quantitative-descriptive approach for data analysis and description. The target population is made up of women of childbearing age, or who have already started sex. The collection was carried out in the field by means of a questionnaire prepared by the researchers based on a literature review. Results: 195 (98%) women reported not knowing the reproductive planning program and, of these, 116 (59.5%) had at least one unwanted pregnancy; The contraceptive method of most frequent choice among women is ligation, of the 200 women 60 (30.5%) opted for it; and 30% of the population has had at least one abortion in their lifetime. Conclusion: There was little knowledge and low adherence to reproductive planning and contraceptive methods in this population, possibly due to the segregation of low-income, mixed-race and black women, with low education, who are marginalized, suggesting difficulty in accessing health services, lack knowledge and family structure, in addition to demonstrating gaps in the health system.
Mineral-geochemical characteristics Cu-U-Au-manifestations in the Kon Ra region of the Kon Tum province, Vietnam
Authors: Do Minh Phuong , Ignatov P. A. , Phan Thi Hong , Nguyen Duy Hung , Tran Duan 
Published: November 2020

Background. Complex Au-Cu-U mineralization is found in the metamorphic rocks of central Vietnam in the zones of their contact with Triassic granite intrusions. It is localized in tectonic breccias and cataclasites, which affected Triassic granitoids and Precambrian metaskarn rocks. The greatest differentiation is observed for tectonically disturbed granites of the Hai Van complex and the metasomatically reworked zones of contacts of this complex with metacarbonate and metaultramafic rocks of the Kham Duc complex.Aim. To determine the mineral and elemental composition of complex occurrences of Cu, U and Au in Proterozoic rocks of the Kon Tum province of central Vietnam.Materials and methods. The work was based on the authors’ data obtained during fieldwork and analytical laboratory studies in the 2016–2019 period. The diagnostics of ore mineral composition was carried out using 60 polished sections. The chemical composition of ores was determined for 214 samples by ICP MS and for 374 samples by atomic absorption spectrometry at the Vietnamese Centre for Geological and Experimental Analysis in the city of Hanoi. The geochemical relationships of ore components were established by the method of multivariate statistical correlations.Results. The mineral composition includes pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, magnetite, martite, hematite, cubanite, marcasite, gold, xenotime, sphalerite, uraninite, chalcocite, covellite, goethite, malachite and limonite. According to the petrographic and petrochemical composition, the geological position and the data on isotopic age, the metamorphic formations of the Kham Duc complex can be considered as Neoproterozoic-Cambrian formations having experienced metamorphism in the Ordovician.Conclusion. A scheme of the sequence of mineral formation was outlined. ICP MS results of primary ores showed that, in addition to Cu, the formations under study contain concentrations of Co, Mo, U, Au, Zn, Ni, V, Y, La, and As. A positive correlation was found between Cu, U and Au. A model of hydrothermal ore formation was proposed.
Iranian regional l ament zones and the location of Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe deposits
Authors: Sohrabi A. , Beygi S. , Talovina I. V. , Kruglova A. A. , Krikun N. S. 
Published: November 2020

Background. Large-scale geological structures, such as lineaments, are of great research interest due to their potential to mark the presence of ore fields.Aim. To determine the relationship between ore deposits, lineaments and large-scale faults in Iran using satellite imagery, digital relief modelling and structural mapping.Materials and methods. In this study, we compiled a map of lineaments in the Iran, which were determined both automatically and manually. A database of the distribution of ore deposits and lineaments was compiled from available maps, publications and reports on ore deposits in Iran. These maps were overlaid to study the relationship between the locations of the lineaments, faults and ore deposits.Results. An analysis of the lineaments revealed on geological maps indicates the presence of four dominant strike directions of large and small lineaments. The developed lineament map shows the main northwest trending longitudinal faults, which are parallel to the main strike of the Zagros orogenic belt; sublatitudinal and submeridional trending oblique faults; northeast trending transverse faults. A “Combined map of lineaments and deposits of copper, lead, zinc and iron in Iran” was compiled by the ArcGis software using maps of lineaments and mineral deposits. The ore deposits identified were analysed to determine the distribution of the distances between each deposit using the counting and cumulative methods the ArcGis software.Conclusions. About 90% and 50% of ore deposits are located at a distance of less than 15 km and 5 km, respectively, from the centre line of the associated lineament. A direct relationship between the density of lineaments and the presence of deposits was observed. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of this method for assessing the prospects of ore fields in hard-to-reach and poorly studied regions.
Change of Bike-share Usage in Five Cities of United States during COVID-19
Authors: Tokey Ahmad Ilderim 
Published: November 2020

This study explores how bike-share usage varied over the six months of the coronavirus pandemic (March’20-August’20) in five US cities. First, it finds that in most of the months, the changes (both increase or decrease) of bike-share usage from the preceding months are significantly higher in central tracts than peripheral tracts. This finding has more statistical significance for cities that are popular for biking (e.g. DC, Boston, Portland). Second, biking is found to be positively associated with cities’ non-work trip rate and people’s COVID exposure and it was diminished with more people maintaining social distance and staying at home.
Komunikasi, Lingkungan, Gangguan Interupsi, Beban Kerja dan Edukasi Mempengaruhi Medication Error Perawat Di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit
Authors: Hasibuan Ahmad Safii , Ishak Syamsopyan , Yetti R Erni 
Published: November 2020

Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan tentang Standar Pelayanan Minimal menyatakan bahwa diharapkan tidak adanya kejadian kesalahan pemberian obat sebesar 100%, hal itu berarti bahwa seharusnya kejadian kesalahan pemberian obat atau medication error tidak boleh terjadi satupun dalam pelayanan kesehatan. Terjadinya medication error di instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Kota Padangsidimpuan tahun 2015-2017 sebanyak 13 kejadian, meskipun sebagian besar kasus tidak terjadi dampak yang sangat fatal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya medication error yang dilakukan perawat Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Kota Padangsidimpuan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi adalah seluruh perawat yang secara langsung berinteraksi dengan pasien. sebesar 122 perawat yang terbagi dari 11 ruangan didapat sampel sebanyak jumlah sampel keseluruhan sebanyak 93 perawat. Data diperoleh dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi logistik berganda dengan α = 0,05 dan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel terhadap terjadinya medication error yang dilakukan perawat Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Kota Padangsidimpuan adalah variabel kondisi lingkungan dengan nilai p value = 0,002, variable beban kerja dengan nilai p value = 0,007, dan variable edukasi dengan nilai p value = 0,001. Kesimpulan diperoleh bahwa manajemen RSUD Kota Padangsidimpuan perlu memberikan sosialisasi di bidang pengetahuan dan keterampilan mengenai obata-obatan atau farmakologi maupun medication error guna meminimalisir angka kejadian medication error hingga 0 untuk dapat memenuhi Standar Pelayanan Minimal Rumah Sakit.
Аналіз основ та вироблення рекомендацій щодо початку роботи із системою доктринального забезпечення Сухопутних військ США в контексті приведення доктринального забезпечення Збройних Сил України до стандартів НАТО
Authors: Rossiytsev Victor 
Published: November 2020

Статья будет интересна для специалистов составляющих сил обороны, занимающихся их развитием и которые работают над изучением и внедрением современных стандартов и принципов ведущих стран НАТО. США является передовой страной НАТО и их вооруженные силы оказывают значительное влияние на современное состояние и перспективы этого военно-политического блока. Статья сфокусирована на доктринальном обеспечения СВ США. По своему значению, Доктрины СВ США возможно приравнять к руководящими документами уровня отдельной составляющей сил обороны. Сейчас система доктринального обеспечения Сухопутных войск США открыта и находится в свободном доступе в сети интернет. Тысячи доктринальных и других военных руководящих публикаций СВ США дают исчерпывающий перечень ответов на вопросы о современных стандартах функционирования вооруженных сил в мирное и военное время. Спектр вопросов варьируется от порядка взаимодействия между различными составляющими сил обороны до принципов здорового питания и сна отдельного военнослужащего.
Статья написана в контексте реформы системы доктринального обеспечения Вооруженных Сил Украины. Реформа предусматривает разработку до конца 2020 года 272 новых доктринальных документов с учетом стандартов НАТО и опыта Операции Объединенных сил (Антитеррористической операции) на востоке Украины. Таким образом, перед разработчиками новых доктрин стоит задача в короткие сроки изучить и обобщить опыт ООС (АТО), требования как действующих национальных руководящих документов так и стандартам ведущих стран НАТО и подготовить на их основе такие доктринальные документы, которые позволят эффективно выполнять задачи возложенные на Вооруженные Силы Украины. Однако работа с доктринальными документами другой страны, кроме знания иностранного языка и соответствующей военной терминологии, требует понимания основ работы с доктриной соответствующего государства. Статья предоставляет минимальный набор знаний, который позволит начать уверенную работу с доктринальными публикациями СВ США и ускорить процесс их изучения.
Sensitivity of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> biofilms to polyvalent pertussis serum Eugene M. Zaytsev
Authors: Zaуtsev Eugene M. , Вritsina Marina V. , Ozeretskovskaya Maria N. , Mertsalova Natalia U. , Bazhanova Irina G. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. Study of the sensitivity of Bordetella pertussis biofilms to polyvalent pertussis serum.Materials and methods. The intensity of biofilm formation by strains of B. pertussis in round-bottomed polystyrene 96-well plates in the presence of polyvalent pertussis serum was estimated by staining with 0.1% gentian-violet solution. The serum titer was estimated as a highest dilution, which suppressed the growth of biofilm cultures.Results. Serum titers that completely suppressed the formation of biofilms by the studied strains ranged from : 1,000 to 1 : 20,000. Vaccine strain No. 475a (serotype 1.2.3) was characterized by the highest sensitivity to serum, the titer of which was 1 : 20,000. Vaccine strain No. 305 (serotype 1.2.0) and strains isolated from whooping cough patients in the period from 2001 to 2010: No. 287 (serotype 1.0.3), No. 178 (serotype 1.2.0), No. 317 (serotype 1.2.3) were sensitive to serum in the titers 1 : 1,000-1 : 2,000. Vaccine strain No. 703 (serotype 1.0.3) was resistant to all serum dilutions studied. When sowing supernatants from wells with biofilms on a dense nutrient medium, the growth of colonies typical for B. pertussis was observed. Similar results were obtained when seeding the supernatants of the cultures from the wells with no biofilm.Conclusion. These data indicate that B. pertussis strains are heterogeneous in sensitivity to pertussis serum. The growth of colonies typical for B. pertussis when culture supernatants are sown on a dense nutrient medium, in the absence of biofilms in the wells, indicates that the biofilm formation is suppressed by inhibiting the adhesion of microbial cells on the substrate, and not due to the bactericidal action of the serum.
Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoids Content and Antioxidant Activity of Mangifera sp. Leaf Extracts
Authors: Athilah Farhanah Ahmad Fuad  , Afnani Alwi@Ali  , Nurul Asma Hasliza Zulkifly  , Noor Asidah Mohamed  
Published: November 2020

Mangifera sp. is a versatile plant that was reported to have various bioactivities, however only the fruits have gain popularity due to it sweet flesh and been known worldwide. It has a potential source of flavonoids and carotenoids, which makes them a nutritious functional food to consume. This study focused on determination of the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity of the Mangifera sp. leaves extract in different water extraction methods. The TPC and TFC was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminium chloride method respectively while antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Soxhlet extraction (SXE) produced the highest extraction yield compared to microwave extraction (MWE). MWE at 8 minutes extract showed the highest TPC (262.13±0.05 mg GAE/g). SXE showed the highest TFC (413.46±0.77 mg rutin/g). The highest antioxidant activity was recorded in MWE 8 minutes extract through DPPH and FRAP assays compared to other two MWE extract and SXE extract.
Take Care When Cutting
Authors: Thier Michael , Beach Paul , Martinez Jr. Charles R. , Hollenbeck Keith 
Published: November 2020

Education research that omits or insufficiently defines geographic locale can impair policy formulation, enactment, and evaluation. Such impairments might be especially detrimental for communities in rural and/or remote areas, particularly when they pertain to gifted education programs that struggle to operate at large scale (e.g., Advanced Placement). To enhance researchers’ precision when analyzing school-level data, we developed five statistical approaches to operationalize rurality and remoteness using the Urban-Centric codes from the National Center of Education Statistics. With national data, we found important variations across these statistical approaches in (a) percentage of schools identified as rural and/or remote, (b) effect sizes, and (c) characterizations of schools’ relative disadvantage in the breadth of opportunity to learn Advanced Placement content that they provide. These findings challenge prevailing practices of classifying communities dichotomously as nonrural or rural. The authors demonstrate several ways to address policy makers’ and practitioners’ needs by incorporating geographic locale into analyses of school data, operationalizing geographic locale precisely in theoretically sound ways, and avoiding dichotomies that can obscure meaningful variation.
An ALMA Survey of λ Orionis Disks: From Supernovae to Planet Formation
Authors: Ansdell Megan , Haworth Thomas J. , Williams Jonathan P. , Facchini Stefano , Winter Andrew , Manara Carlo F. , Hacar Alvaro , Chiang Eugene , van Terwisga Sierk , van der Marel Nienke , van Dishoeck Ewine F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Protoplanetary disk surveys by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) are now probing a range of environmental conditions, from low-mass star-forming regions like Lupus to massive OB clusters like σ Orionis. Here we conduct an ALMA survey of protoplanetary disks in λ Orionis, an ∼5 Myr old OB cluster in Orion with dust mass sensitivities comparable to the surveys of nearby regions (∼0.4 M
⊕). We assess how massive OB stars impact planet formation, in particular from the supernova that may have occurred ∼1 Myr ago in the core of λ Orionis; studying these effects is important, as most planetary systems, including our solar system, are likely born in cluster environments. We find that the effects of massive stars, in the form of presupernova feedback and/or a supernova itself, do not appear to significantly reduce the available planet-forming material otherwise expected at this evolved age. We also compare a lingering massive “outlier” disk in λ Orionis to similar systems in other evolved regions, hypothesizing that these outliers host companions in their inner disks that suppress disk dispersal to extend the lifetimes of their outer primordial disks. We conclude with numerous avenues for future work that highlight how λ Orionis still has much to teach us about perhaps one of the most common types of planet-forming environments in the Galaxy.