bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment for inpatients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection: a systematic review of economic evidence
Authors: dos Santos Wendel Mombaque , Aromataris Edoardo , Secoli Silvia Regina , Matuoka Jessica Yumi 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The objective of this review was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy for patients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

Introduction:
Among the main multi-resistant microorganisms, carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae is responsible for the mortality of 40% of patients following 30 days of infection. Treatment for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection entails the use of high-cost antimicrobials. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials can increase the cost of treatment fourfold. This review aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy treatment for patients with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection to better inform decision making in hospital services.

Inclusion criteria:
The review included studies on participants 18 years or over with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection who had undergone antimicrobial therapy in hospital and acute care services. Studies that compared the cost-effectiveness of different antimicrobial therapy for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection were included. Outcome measures were cost per unit of effect expressed in clinical outcome units; this included cost per avoided death, cost per prevention of sepsis and cost per duration of stay. Economic studies with a cost-effectiveness design were considered, as well as modeling studies.

Methods:
A three-step search strategy was utilized to locate studies published in English, Spanish or Portuguese, with no date restrictions. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts and the full texts of potentially relevant studies for eligibility. Methodological quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the JBI critical appraisal checklist for economic evaluations. Data were extracted from included studies using the standardized JBI data extraction tool. Data were synthesized using narrative, tables and the JBI Dominance Ranking Matrix.

Results:
This review identified eight studies that evaluated the cost-effectiveness of different treatments for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection. The results of this study demonstrated that there was no gold standard treatment for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection, hence treatment was generally directed by colonization pressure and resistance profiles. Furthermore, due to the moderate quality and limited number of studies, there was high uncertainty of the values of the cost-effectiveness ratio.

Conclusions:
Ofloxacin appears to be the most cost-effective treatment; however, conclusions are limited due to the small number and low quality of studies.
Biphasic effects of methanandamide on murine gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity
Authors: Christie Stewart , O'Rielly Rebecca , Li Hui , Wittert Gary A. , Page Amanda J. 
Published: October 2019

Key points
The fine control of food intake is important for the maintenance of a healthy metabolic state.
Gastric vagal afferents (GVAs) are involved in the peripheral regulation of food intake via signalling the degree of distension of the stomach which ultimately leads to feelings of fullness and satiety.
This study provides evidence that endocannabinoids such as anandamide are capable of regulating GVA sensitivity in a concentration‐dependent biphasic manner.
This biphasic effect is dependent upon interactions between the CB1, TRPV1 and GHSR receptors.
These data have important implications for the peripheral control of food intake.
AbstractGastric vagal afferents (GVAs) signal to the hindbrain resulting in satiety. Endocannabinoids are endogenous ligands of cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1) and transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1) channels. The endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) is expressed in the stomach, and its receptor CB1 is expressed in ghrelin‐positive gastric mucosal cells. Further, TRPV1, CB1 and growth hormone secretagogue receptor (ghrelin receptor, GHSR) are expressed in subpopulations of GVA neurons. This study aimed to determine the interaction between TRPV1, CB1, GHSR and endocannabinoids in the modulation of GVA signalling. An in vitro electrophysiology preparation was used to assess GVA mechanosensitivity in male C57BL/6 mice. Effects of methanandamide (mAEA; 1–100 nm), on GVA responses to stretch were determined in the absence and presence of antagonists of CB1, TRPV1, GHSR, protein kinase‐A (PKA), protein kinase‐C (PKC) and G‐protein subunits Gαi/o, or Gαq. Low doses (1–10 nm) of mAEA reduced GVA responses to 3 g stretch, whereas high doses (30–100 nm) increased the response. The inhibitory and excitatory effects of mAEA (1–100 nm) were reduced/lost in the presence of a CB1 and TRPV1 antagonist. PKA, Gαi/o or GHSR antagonists prevented the inhibitory effect of mAEA on GVA mechanosensitivity. Conversely, in the presence of a PKC or Gαq antagonist the excitatory effect of mAEA was reduced or lost, respectively. Activation of CB1, by mAEA, can activate or inhibit TRPV1 to increase or decrease GVA responses to stretch, depending on the pathway activated. These interactions could play an important role in the fine control of food intake.
Perceptions of Peer Tutoring at a University in Chile
Authors: Zapata Silvina 
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this Action Research study is to explore students' perceptions of their experience in an Academic Support Program[i] (ASP) implemented in a Chilean university to align students' lack of competencies to the minimum required to be able to succeed. Focus groups were held with 21 participants who revealed that the ASP increased their self-confidence and academic achievement. However, students' level of awareness regarding the benefits of the ASP needs to be improved to promote their participation. The findings will generate an action plan to improve students' learning outcomes and well-being. [i] Academic Support Program
The Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone revisited: Timing and tectonic implications
Authors: Liu Junlai , Chen Xiaoyu , Tang Yuan , Song Zhijie , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Continental strike-slip shear zones that may bear important information about the evolution of convergent tectonics often occur to accommodate plate convergence. When and how shearing along the shear zones responds to plate interactions, however, are often debated. In this study, we investigated the Oligocene–Miocene leucocratic dikes from the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone, which was active during India-Eurasia plate convergence, to constrain the timing and mechanism of ductile shearing along the shear zone. The dikes are structurally grouped into pre-, syn-, and postkinematic types with respect to ductile shearing. Prekinematic dikes from ca. 41 to 30 Ma have low whole-rock 87Sr/86Sr(i) values (0.707–0.710), generally high εNd(t) values (–3.31∼–7.98), and variable εHf(t) values (–7.9∼+5.7). Their magma sources involved high thermal perturbation inducing partial melting of the lower crust, and contributions from the mantle that were possibly related to extensional collapse of the orogenic belt prior to tectonic extrusion of the Sundaland block. Syn- and postkinematic dikes from ca. 28 to 20 Ma dominantly have high whole-rock 87Sr/86Sr(i) (0.707–0.725) and low εNd(t) (–5.83 to –9.76) values, and either negative or positive zircon εHf(t) values (broadly in the range of –12 to + 7.6) for coeval but separate crustal magma sources. The results imply that major shearing accompanying retrograde metamorphism along the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone was localized to crustal level. A synthesis of regional structural data suggests that Oligocene–Miocene shearing along the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone and lateral tectonic extrusion of the Sundaland block proceeded in response to progressive India-Eurasia plate convergence. Distributed and inhomogeneous middle- to lower-crustal flow along the boundaries of and within the Sundaland block occurred during the tectonic extrusion.
Extracting topological information from momentum space propagators
Authors: Canfora Fabrizio , Dudal David , Giacomini Alex , Justo Igor F. , Pais Pablo , Rosa Luigi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA new topological invariant quantity, sensitive to the analytic structure of both fermionic and bosonic propagators, is proposed. The gauge invariance of our construct is guaranteed for at least small gauge transformations. A generalization compatible with the presence of complex poles is introduced and applied to the classification of propagators typically emerging from non-perturbative considerations. We present partial evidence that the topological number can be used to detect chiral symmetry breaking or deconfinement.
Minimal geometric deformation in a Reissner–Nordström background
Authors: Rincón Ángel , Gabbanelli Luciano , Contreras Ernesto , Tello-Ortiz Francisco 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of new exact analytical solutions in the background of Reissner–Nordström space-time by using gravitational decoupling via minimal geometric deformation approach. To do so, we impose the most general equation of state, relating the components of the $$\theta $$θ-sector in order to obtain the new material contributions and the decoupler function f(r). Besides, we obtain the bounds on the free parameters of the extended solution to avoid new singularities. Furthermore, we show the finitude of all thermodynamic parameters of the solution such as the effective density $${\tilde{\rho }}$$ρ~, radial $${\tilde{p}}_{r}$$p~r and tangential $${\tilde{p}}_{t}$$p~t pressure for different values of parameter $$\alpha $$α and the total electric charge Q. Finally, the behavior of some scalar invariants, namely the Ricci R and Kretshmann $$R_{\mu \nu \omega \epsilon }R^{\mu \nu \omega \epsilon }$$RμνωϵRμνωϵ scalars are analyzed. It is also remarkable that, after an appropriate limit, the deformed Schwarzschild black hole solution always can be recovered.
ПРОФІЛАКТИЧНА МЕДИЦИНА ЯК ВАЖЛИВА СКЛАДОВА ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я
Authors: Lototska O. V. , Kondratyuk V. A. , Sopel O. M. , Kritska G. A. , Pashko K. O. , Fedoriv O. E. 
Published: October 2019

Мета: висвітлити роль профілактичної медицини як важливої складової громадського здоров’я.
Матеріали і методи. Для досягнення поставленої мети у роботі використано загальнонаукові методи аналізу, синтезу та узагальнення.
Результати. Профілактика – один із надзвичайно важливих напрямків медицини, який включає комплекс гігієнічних, медичних, соціально-економічних і санітарно-технічних заходів, спрямованих на усунення факторів ризи­ку, що впливають на здоров’я людини, запобігання виникненню хвороб та забезпечення високого рівня громад­­ського здоров’я населення. Розрізняють три види профілактики: первинна, вторинна і третинна. Первинну профілактику використовують для недопущення захворювання як такого, вторинна – спрямована на раннє виявлення та лікування хвороби на доклінічній стадії. Третинна – це заходи, які спрямовані на попередження розвитку ускладнень та погіршення перебігу хвороби, а також динамічне спостереження за пацієнтами для запобігання виникненню таких небажаних наслідків захворювань, як: смерть, інвалідизація, перехід недуги у хронічну форму. Всі вони відіграють важливу роль у системі громадського здоров’я.
Значний вплив на формування здоров’я має спосіб життя. Дуже часто попередження захворювань пов’язане з правилами здорового способу життя і багато недуг можуть бути попереджені за допомогою простих гігієнічних методів. На жаль, в Україні дуже низький рівень освіти населення з цього питання. Поява більшої кількості добре підготовлених і мотивованих до пропаганди здорового способу життя фахівців позитивно вплине на рівень здоров’я населення.
Висновки. Надзвичайно важливо створити центри громадського здоров’я, забезпечити в них умови для діяльності фахівців профілактичної медицини, насамперед гігієністів та епідеміологів, котрі б здійснювали масштабну пропаганду здорового способу життя, надавали практичну допомогу лікувальним та навчально-виховним закладам і, безперечно, були матеріально зацікавлені в результатах своєї діяльності. Профілактика захворюваності й пропаганда здорового способу життя має стати економічно вигідною державі та нашим співвітчизникам.
O quilombismo em espaços urbanos: 130 após a abolição
Authors: Batista Paula Carolina 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo pretende investigar como dois espaços culturais da cidade de São Paulo, que se autodenominam “quilombos urbanos”, aproximam-se da ideia de “quilombismo”, cunhada por Abdias do Nascimento.
Identificando-se como “quilombos urbanos”, os espaços Terça Afro, na zona norte de São Paulo, e Aparelha Luzia, na região central da cidade, estão organizados com a proposta de serem focos de resistência negra. Esses dois espaços têm características em comum: são coordenados por negros e oferecem uma programação que aborda cultura, identidade, literatura, arte, memória, questões que envolvem a negritude – sempre de forma que o negro esteja em evidência e tenha seu espaço de fala garantido.
Os discursos do terceiro setor: sentidos de comunicação, trabalho e educação em ONGs de comunicação
Authors: Camargo Camila Acosta 
Published: October 2019

Apresentaremos, neste artigo, parte dos resultados da pesquisa “A comunicação do “terceiro setor” como expressão do neoliberalismo: as práticas discursivas e os sentidos do trabalho em ONGs de comunicação”, que visou investigar como se expressam os sentidos e as relações de comunicação e trabalho em organizações sem fins lucrativos que elencaram a comunicação como principal ferramenta de atuação em defesa de uma causa social. Para isso, selecionamos três organizações sociais nomeadas na pesquisa “ONGs de comunicação”, localizadas no município de São Paulo e ativas durante o período de realização da pesquisa – 2016-2018, nas quais aprofundamo-nos em seus enunciados institucionais e na experiência dos trabalhadores a partir de relatos próprios. O artigo contemplará o tópico de resultados de análise sobre os sentidos de comunicação, trabalho e educação que circulam em suas práticas e seus discursos.
Periferia que transforma: a cultura de sujeitas/os periféricas/os
Authors: Silva Brenda Barbosa da 
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo recupero elementos do fenômeno urbano periferia para (re)conhecermos a atuação de sujeitas/os periféricas/os na realização de algumas práticas artísticas e que também são recursos políticos e informacionais que geram processos de mudanças sociais ao ressignificar o território periferia. Para isso conheceremos periferia nas pesquisas acadêmicas, o contexto que antecede as periferias e seu surgimento na cidade de São Paulo, a proposição de periferia como sistema cultural, a força da voz e da escuta em práticas culturais periféricas, bem como seu a possibilidade contra-hegemônico dessas práticas.
Aspectos técnicos e roteiro de análise da radiografia de tórax
Authors: Wada Danilo Tadao , Rodrigues José Antonio Hiesinger , Santos Marcel Koenigkam 
Published: October 2019

Antes de se iniciar a avaliação dos achados radiográficos no exame de radiografia (RX) de tórax, é preciso se atentar às incidências realizadas e aos parâmetros técnicos do exame. A sistematização da avaliação, utilizando a rotina semiológica e a terminologia correta, também é importante. Este artigo visa abordar os aspetos técnicos básicos para a realização de um bom exame de RX de tórax e apresentar um roteiro de avaliação sistematizada para sua correta interpretação. O exame de RX de tórax deve ser realizado, sempre que possível, com as incidências em posteroanterior (PA) e perfil. Há outras incidências que são realizadas de maneira complementar ou em situações específicas, como a anteroposterior (AP), decúbito lateral com raios horizontais (Laurel), apicolordótica, obliquas, expiração máxima e com marcadores no tórax. Os 3 principais parâmetros técnicos do RX de tórax avaliados na rotina clínica são a dose de radiação (verificar se o RX não ficou pouco ou muito penetrado), inspiração correta (verificar se o exame não está expirado) e o alinhamento (verificar se o RX não está rodado). A sistematização na avaliação do exame de RX de tórax, seguindo uma rotina semiológica, ajuda a reduzir a chance de erros de interpretação e de se perder alterações menos importantes ou secundárias. O modelo de laudo normal pode servir de roteiro para a análise do exame.
Sondas, cateteres e outros aparatos médicos na radiografia de tórax
Authors: Wada Danilo Tadao , Rodrigues José Antonio Hiesinger , Santos Marcel Koenigkam 
Published: October 2019

O exame de radiografia simples (RX) do tórax é utilizado para verificação do posicionamento adequado de vários tipos de aparatos médicos, além de auxiliar na detecção de complicações relacionadas à sua implantação e uso. Principalmente nos pacientes criticamente doentes, com suporte cardiovascular ou ventilação mecânica, a realização do RX é importante na avaliação de tubos endotraqueais, sondas de alimentação, cateteres vasculares e drenos de tórax. O posicionamento inadequado desses dispositivos pode levar a complicações sérias que muitas vezes não são clinicamente evidentes. Outros aparatos médicos, mesmo que na parede torácica ou externos ao corpo do paciente, podem ser identificados no exame de RX, sendo importante saber reconhece-los para não confundir com imagens de corpo estranho ou outro tipo de lesão torácica. Neste texto, serão abordados os aspectos radiográficos das principais sondas, tubos e cateteres, vasculares e não vasculares, discutindo o posicionamento correto e algumas complicações identificáveis ao exame de RX de tórax.
Uma revisão do conceito de texto e suas implicações para os estudos filológicos
Authors: Alves Luiz Pereira , Ximenes Expedito  Eloísio 
Published: October 2019

As transformações conceituais da Linguística, nos últimos anos, têm proposto uma revisão de conceitos caros aos estudos da linguagem; dentre eles, o conceito de texto. Ultimamente, defende-se, sobretudo na Linguística Textual, que esse objeto deve ser contemplado para além de seus componentes materiais. Tendo em vista a relevância dessa discussão, julgamos ser conveniente apresentar neste artigo como as metamorfoses conceituais pelas quais a Filologia passou têm, ao nosso ver, uma intrínseca relação com o status que o texto veio incorporando, sobretudo, dentro dos estudos da Linguística Textual. Dessa forma, neste trabalho, aprofundamos a discussão que já sinalizamos em Alves (2016), onde discutimos o conceito de Filologia Textual, já apresentado em trabalhos como os de Santos e Souza (2012), Gama e Telles (2006) e Teixeira (2008). Argumentamos no sentido de mostrar como perspectivas teóricas da Linguística de Texto tendem a contribuir com o desenvolvimento das pesquisas no campo da Filologia, estabelecendo uma interface entre essas duas áreas do estudo da linguagem.
Operation Monkey Wrench: Toward a Populist Policy Process?
Authors: Adler Paul , Tucker Todd 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The policy process literature focuses on technocratic insiders, while scholarship on populism hones in on demagogic outsiders. The latter’s distrust of elites, compromise, and nuance makes them potentially effective in opposition or government, but less obviously as intervenors in policy formation between elections. We argue that, under certain conditions, populists can effectively insert themselves into policy processes without seizing power or even reducing the basic polarity they believe exists between “the elite” and “the people.” In particular, populists can “monkey wrench” the policy process by getting maligned elites to act against their own interests, even if the populists themselves can agree on no alternative policies. Using original archival materials, we illustrate how the transnational movement against the Multilateral Agreement on Investment in the late 1990s deployed monkey-wrenching. In so doing, we contribute to an understanding of how Benjamin Moffitt’s conception of the populist style can be deployed to analyze left-wing transnational nongovernmental policy entrepreneurs, instead of the right-wing national government aspirants who are often focused upon in political science research on populism. We conclude that interdisciplinary scholarship between political scientists and historians can identify circumstances when populists’ influence on policy is more likely.
Populism Curtailed? Globalization and the Debate over Genetically Modified Organisms in the European Union
Authors: Markowitz Shane 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
While the role of globalization in constituting the rise of populist movements has been increasingly recognized, the ways in which globalization can, in fact, curtail populism is also worthy of analytical attention. This is exemplified in the EU debate over plant biotechnology where a couple of exceptions to the largely anticorporate populist mobilization against transgenic crops include the political positioning of EU farmers in favor of GM soybean imports and the posturing of environmental groups and beekeepers against the labeling of GM contaminated honey. Interrogating these cases, the paper attributes mobilization/policy outcomes to the ways in which global food-consumption patterns, supermarket branding initiatives, and regulatory decisions intermingled with the sociomaterial dynamics of particular locales to constitute decision-making landscapes that made populist policies (un)fathomable. In engaging with the globalism-populism nexus in this manner, the paper imparts lessons on how globalization and the populist outcomes associated with it can be honed and reoriented.
Where the Real People Meet the Real Elite
Authors: Schoor Carola 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article clarifies how elitist elements are integrated into populist discourse by analyzing political speeches using this incongruent style. First, it introduces a method to identify populist, elitist, and pluralist discourse based on a shared logic, defining populism at an intercontextual level. Second, speeches by Donald Trump (US), Boris Johnson (UK), and Thierry Baudet (NL) are analyzed in their contexts to clarify their political styles and are then compared to see where these styles meet. The populism-elitism mix goes well with nationalism, as all three politicians combine the style with a nationalist ideology, which unites the people with the elite. Coalitions are created between the people and the “good” elite to fight the “bad” elite. Furthermore, the mix has rhetorical-strategic advantages, such as profiling oneself as unique on the political field. Overall, the blend shows political significance, justifying thoughtful academic consideration alongside the broad attention for full populism.