bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring how people with dementia can be best supported to manage long-term conditions: a qualitative study of stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Rees Jessica Laura , Burton Alexandra , Walters Kate R , Leverton Monica , Rapaport Penny , Herat Gunaratne Ruminda , Beresford-Dent Julie , Cooper Claudia 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo explore how the self-management of comorbid long-term conditions is experienced and negotiated by people with dementia and their carers.DesignSecondary thematic analysis of 82 semi-structured interviews.SettingCommunity settings across the United Kingdom.Participants11 people with dementia, 22 family carers, 19 health professionals and 30 homecare staff.ResultsWe identified three overarching themes: (1) The process of substituting self-management: stakeholders balanced the wishes of people with dementia to retain autonomy with the risks of lower adherence to medical treatments. The task of helping a person with dementia to take medication was perceived as intermediate between a personal care and a medical activity; rules about which professionals could perform this activity sometimes caused conflict. (2) Communication in the care network: family carers often communicated with services and made decisions about how to implement medical advice. In situations where family carers or homecare workers were not substituting self-management, it could be challenging for general practitioners to identify changes in self-management and decide when to intervene. (3) Impact of physical health on and from dementia: healthcare professionals acknowledged the inter-relatedness of physical health and cognition to adapt care accordingly. Some treatments prescribed for long-term conditions were perceived as unhelpful when not adapted to the context of dementia. Healthcare professionals and homecare workers sometimes felt that family carers were unable to accept that available treatments may not be helpful to people with dementia and that this sometimes led to the continuation of treatments of questionable benefit.ConclusionThe process of substituting self-management evolves with advancement of dementia symptoms and relies on communication in the care network, while considering the impact on and from dementia to achieve holistic physical health management. Care decisions must consider people with dementia as a whole, and be based on realistic outcomes and best interests.
Stratigraphic controls on hydrocarbon recovery in clastic reservoirs of the Norwegian Continental Shelf
Authors: Aliyuda Kachalla , Howell John , Hartley Adrian , Ali Aliyuda 
Published: October 2020

A number of geological and engineering parameters influence and control the performance and ultimate recovery from an oil reservoir. These are commonly interlinked and the relative importance of each can be difficult to unravel. These variables include geological parameters such as depositional environment, which has long been considered to be a key factor influencing the production characteristics of fields. However, quantifying the importance of any single factor, such as depositional environment, is complicated by the impact of the other variables (geological and engineering) and their numerous interdependencies.
The main aim of this study is to unravel the impact of the depositional environment and primary facies architecture on reservoir performance using an empirical study of oilfields from the Norwegian Continental Shelf. A database of 91 fields, with a total of 7.8 Bbbl (billion barrels) of oil in place, has been built. Within this a total of 93 clastic reservoirs were classified into three gross depositional environments: continental, paralic/shallow marine and deep marine. The reservoirs were further classified into eight depositional environments in order to provide further granularity and to capture their depositional complexities. A further 28 parameters which capture other aspects that also impact production behaviour, such as reservoir depth, fluid type and structural complexity, were recorded for each reservoir. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to explore the importance of sedimentological-dependent variables in the dataset, and to determine the parameters that have the strongest influence on the overall variability of the dataset. PCA revealed that parameters associated with field size and depth of burial had the most influence on recovery factor. Gross depositional environment and other stratigraphic-dependent parameters were the most significant geological factors. Fluid properties, such as API gravity and average gas/oil ratio, were unexpectedly among the less important parameters.
Natural History of Hemodynamics in Vertebrobasilar Disease
Authors: Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , See Alfred P. , Du Xinjian , Rose-Finnell Linda , Pandey Dilip K. , Chen Yi-Fan , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Liebeskind David S. , Silver Frank L. , Kasner Scott E. , Gorelick Philip B. , Charbel Fady T. , Derdeyn Colin P. ,   for the VERiTAS Study Group
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose:
The role of regional hypoperfusion as a contributor to stroke risk in atherosclerotic vertebrobasilar disease has recently been confirmed by the observational VERiTAS (Vertebrobasilar Flow Evaluation and Risk of Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke) Study. We examined the stability of hemodynamic status over time and its relationship to stroke risk in patients from this prospective cohort.

Methods:
VERiTAS enrolled patients with recently symptomatic ≥50% atherosclerotic stenosis/occlusion of vertebral and/or basilar arteries. Large vessel flow in the vertebrobasilar territory was assessed using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography, and patients were designated as low or normal flow based on distal territory regional flow, incorporating collateral capacity. Patients underwent standard medical management and follow-up for primary outcome event of vertebrobasilar territory stroke. Quantitative magnetic resonance angiography imaging was repeated at 6, 12, and 24 months. Flow status over time was examined relative to baseline and relative to subsequent stroke risk using a cause-specific proportional hazard model, with flow status treated as a time-varying covariate. Mean blood pressure was examined to assess for association with changes in flow status.

Results:
Over 19±8 months of follow-up, 132 follow-up quantitative magnetic resonance angiography studies were performed in 58 of the 72 enrolled patients. Of the 13 patients with serial imaging who had low flow at baseline, 7 (54%) had improvement to normal flow at the last follow-up. Of the 45 patients who had normal flow at baseline, 3 (7%) converted to low flow at the last follow-up. The mean blood pressure did not differ in patients with or without changes in flow status. The time-varying flow status remained a strong predictor of subsequent stroke (hazard ratio, 10.3 [95% CI, 2.2–48.7]).

Conclusions:
There is potential both for improvement and worsening of hemodynamics in patients with atherosclerotic vertebrobasilar disease. Flow status, both at baseline and over time, is a risk factor for subsequent stroke, thus serving as an important prognostic marker.

Registration:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00590980.
3D Pen Tactile Pictures Generated by Individuals with Visual Impairments
Authors: Wu Chih-Fu , Wu Hsiang-Ping , Tu Yung-Hsiang , Yeh I-Ting 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Individuals with visual impairments acquire information about objects through touch and by use of auxiliary tactile pictures. The current study introduced a new three-dimensional (3D) printing pen technology as a research tool to allow individuals with visual impairments to convert tactile experiences to convex tactile pictures. Methods: Participants with visual impairments used a 3D pen to draw pictures of daily necessities. The actions and time related to the entire drawing activity were recorded on video. Results: We noted three behaviors during the use of 3D pen: drawing, touching the trace lines, and finding location points. The object-depiction angle, component-completeness description, and drawing-line presentation differed between subjects with congenital and those with acquired blindness. Discussion: Individuals with congenital blindness depicted objects mainly from an operational angle, and those with acquired blindness from the angle of the object when laid flat. When the components of an object were relatively complex, the subjects with congenital blindness only drew local features in contact with their bodies and with continuous line segments, and those with acquired blindness used discontinuous line segments. Participants were satisfied that the 3D printing pen could touch the drawing path in time and that they could use the “piling” feature to create positioning marks or planar expressions. Implications for practitioners: Students can be instructed to use 3D pens to draw (lines, planes, and objects) to enhance the communication between teachers and students and improve teaching efficiency. Regarding the design of tactile pictures, the parts that come in contact with the body during object use can be considered the reference features of the pictures. For large pictures, attention should be paid to the size ratio between the outline and components. For small pictures, one should consider how the operational feature details should be shown at approximately the original size.
Preliminary evaluation for quality of dimension lumber in four common softwoods in Mongolia
Authors: Sarkhad Murzabyek , Ishiguri Futoshi , Nezu Ikumi , Tumenjargal Bayasaa , Takahashi Yusuke , Baasan Bayartsetseg , Chultem Ganbaatar , Ohshima Jyunichi , Yokota Shinso 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe quality of dimension lumber (2 by 4 lumber) was preliminarily investigated in four common Mongolian softwoods: Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Picea obovata Ledeb., and Larix sibirica Ledeb. to produce high quality dimension lumber for structural use. In total 61, 39, 67, and 37 pieces of lumber were prepared for Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata, and L. sibirica, respectively. The lumber was visually graded and then tested in static bending to obtain the 5% lower tolerance limits at 75% confidence level (f0.05) of the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of rupture (MOR). In addition, the effects of sawing patterns on bending properties were also analyzed. The f0.05 of the MOE and MOR were 4.75 GPa and 15.6 MPa, 3.39 GPa and 11.0 MPa, 3.78 GPa and 11.7 MPa, and 6.07 GPa and 22.3 MPa for Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata, and L. sibirica, respectively. These results suggested that with a few exceptions, characteristic values of MOR in the four common Mongolian softwoods resembled those in similar commercial species already used. In visual grading, over 80% of total lumber was assigned to select structural and No. 1 grades in Pinus sylvestris and Pinus sibirica, whereas approximately 40% of total lumber in L. sibirica was No. 3 and out of grades. Sawing patterns affected bending properties in Pinus sylvestris and L. sibirica, but did not affect Pinus sibirica and Picea obovata. Dynamic Young's modulus was significantly correlated with bending properties of dimension lumber for the four species. Based on the results, it was concluded that dimension lumber for structural use can be produced from the four common Mongolian softwoods.
Genome-wide analysis of expression QTL (eQTL) and allele-specific expression (ASE) in pig muscle identifies candidate genes for meat quality traits
Authors: Liu Yan , Liu Xiaolei , Zheng Zhiwei , Ma Tingting , Liu Ying , Long Huan , Cheng Huijun , Fang Ming , Gong Jing , Li Xinyun , Zhao Shuhong , Xu Xuewen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Genetic analysis of gene expression level is a promising approach for characterizing candidate genes that are involved in complex economic traits such as meat quality. In the present study, we conducted expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and allele-specific expression (ASE) analyses based on RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) data from the longissimus muscle of 189 Duroc × Luchuan crossed pigs in order to identify some candidate genes for meat quality traits.

Results
Using a genome-wide association study based on a mixed linear model, we identified 7192 cis-eQTL corresponding to 2098 cis-genes (p ≤ 1.33e-3, FDR ≤ 0.05) and 6400 trans-eQTL corresponding to 863 trans-genes (p ≤ 1.13e-6, FDR ≤ 0.05). ASE analysis using RNAseq SNPs identified 9815 significant ASE-SNPs in 2253 unique genes. Integrative analysis between the cis-eQTL and ASE target genes identified 540 common genes, including 33 genes with expression levels that were correlated with at least one meat quality trait. Among these 540 common genes, 63 have been reported previously as candidate genes for meat quality traits, such as PHKG1 (q-value = 1.67e-6 for the leading SNP in the cis-eQTL analysis), NUDT7 (q-value = 5.67e-13), FADS2 (q-value = 8.44e-5), and DGAT2 (q-value = 1.24e-3).

Conclusions
The present study confirmed several previously published candidate genes and identified some novel candidate genes for meat quality traits via eQTL and ASE analyses, which will be useful to prioritize candidate genes in further studies.
Genome wide analysis reveals genetic divergence between Goldsinny wrasse populations
Authors: Jansson Eeva , Besnier Francois , Malde Ketil , André Carl , Dahle Geir , Glover Kevin A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Marine fish populations are often characterized by high levels of gene flow and correspondingly low genetic divergence. This presents a challenge to define management units. Goldsinny wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris) is a heavily exploited species due to its importance as a cleaner-fish in commercial salmonid aquaculture. However, at the present, the population genetic structure of this species is still largely unresolved. Here, full-genome sequencing was used to produce the first genomic reference for this species, to study population-genomic divergence among four geographically distinct populations, and, to identify informative SNP markers for future studies.

Results
After construction of a de novo assembly, the genome was estimated to be highly polymorphic and of ~600Mbp in size. 33,235 SNPs were thereafter selected to assess genomic diversity and differentiation among four populations collected from Scandinavia, Scotland, and Spain. Global FST among these populations was 0.015–0.092. Approximately 4% of the investigated loci were identified as putative global outliers, and ~ 1% within Scandinavia. SNPs showing large divergence (FST > 0.15) were picked as candidate diagnostic markers for population assignment. One hundred seventy-three of the most diagnostic SNPs between the two Scandinavian populations were validated by genotyping 47 individuals from each end of the species’ Scandinavian distribution range. Sixty-nine of these SNPs were significantly (p < 0.05) differentiated (mean FST_173_loci = 0.065, FST_69_loci = 0.140). Using these validated SNPs, individuals were assigned with high probability (≥ 94%) to their populations of origin.

Conclusions
Goldsinny wrasse displays a highly polymorphic genome, and substantial population genomic structure. Diversifying selection likely affects population structuring globally and within Scandinavia. The diagnostic loci identified now provide a promising and cost-efficient tool to investigate goldsinny wrasse populations further.
Assessing the effectiveness of Chagas disease education for healthcare providers in the United States
Authors: Stigler Granados Paula , Pacheco Gerardo J. , Núñez Patlán Evangelina , Betancourt Jose , Fulton Lawrence 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Chagas disease is a zoonotic infection caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which affects an estimated 8–11 million people globally. Chagas disease is almost always associated with poverty in rural areas and disproportionately impacts immigrants from Latin America living in the United States. Approximately 20–30% of people who are infected with Chagas disease will develop a chronic form of the infection that can be fatal if left untreated. Chagas disease is vastly underestimated in the United States, often goes undiagnosed and is not well understood by most U.S. healthcare providers. One of the most important ways at reducing barriers to improving diagnostics of Chagas disease in the U.S. is giving healthcare providers the most up-to-date information and access to leading experts.

Methods
An online webinar was conducted for healthcare providers, veterinarians and public health professionals using Chagas disease expert panelists. Pre and post tests were administered to participants (n = 57) to determine the efficacy in raising awareness and to determine key focus areas for improving knowledge. A Wilcoxon rank-sum was used for non-parametric variables equivalent and for questions that assessed knowledge the McNemar’s Chi-Square test was used.

Results
There were statistically significant learning increases in multiple categories including transmission (p = <.001), clinical presentation (p = 0.016), diagnostics (p = <.001), and treatment (p = <.001).

Conclusion
Providing easily accessible learning opportunities using validated testing and evaluations should be further developed for rural healthcare providers in the U.S. as well as healthcare providers serving under represented populations such as immigrants. There is a clear lack of knowledge and awareness surrounding Chagas disease in the United States and just by raising awareness and providing education on the topic, lives will be saved.
Functional polymorphisms and transcriptional analysis in the 5′ region of the human serotonin receptor 1B gene (HTR1B) and their associations with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Xia Xi , Ding Mei , Xuan Jin-feng , Xing Jia-xin , Yao Jun , Wu Xue , Wang Bao-jie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor (5-HT1B) plays an essential role in the serotonin (5-HT) system and is widely involved in a variety of brain activities.HTR1Bis the gene encoding 5-HT1B. Genome-wide association studies have shown thatHTR1Bpolymorphisms are closely related to multiple mental and behavioral disorders; however, the functional mechanisms underlying these associations are unknown. This study investigated the effect of severalHTR1Bhaplotypes on regulation of gene expression in vitro and the functional sequences in the 5′ regulatory region ofHTR1Bto determine their potential association with mental and behavioral disorders.MethodsSix haplotypes consisting of rs4140535, rs1778258, rs17273700, rs1228814, rs11568817, and rs130058 and several truncated fragments of the 5′ regulatory region ofHTR1Bwere transfected into SK-N-SH and HEK-293 cells. The relative fluorescence intensities of the different haplotypes and truncated fragments were detected using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system.ResultsCompared to the major haplotype T-G-T-C-T-A, the relative fluorescence intensities of haplotypes C-A-T-C-T-A, C-G-T-C-T-A, C-G-C-A-G-T, and C-G-T-A-T-A were significantly lower, and that of haplotype C-G-C-A-G-A was significantly higher. Furthermore, the effects of the rs4140535T allele, the rs17273700C-rs11568817G linkage combination, and the rs1228814A allele made their relative fluorescence intensities significantly higher than their counterparts at each locus. Conversely, the rs1778258A and rs130058T alleles decreased the relative fluorescence intensities. In addition, we found that regions from − 1587 to − 1371 bp (TSS, + 1), − 1149 to − 894 bp, − 39 to + 130 bp, + 130 to + 341 bp, and + 341 to + 505 bp upregulated gene expression. In contrast, regions − 603 to − 316 bp and + 130 to + 341 bp downregulated gene expression. Region + 341 to + 505 bp played a decisive role in gene transcription.ConclusionsHTR1B5′ regulatory region polymorphisms have regulatory effects on gene expression and potential correlate with several pathology and physiology conditions. This study suggests that a crucial sequence for transcription is located in region + 341 ~ + 505 bp. Regions − 1587 to − 1371 bp, − 1149 to − 894 bp, − 603 to − 316 bp, − 39 to + 130 bp, and + 130 to + 341 bp contain functional sequences that can promote or suppress theHTR1Bgene expression.
Comorbidities associated with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in Japanese adults: a claims-data analysis
Authors: Uno Shunsuke , Asakura Takanori , Morimoto Kozo , Yoshimura Kimio , Uwamino Yoshifumi , Nishimura Tomoyasu , Hoshino Yoshihiko , Hasegawa Naoki ,   Nontuberculous Mycobacteriosis and Bronchiectasis-Japan Research Consortium (NTM-JRC)
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease is one of a growing number of chronic health problems that is difficult to cure in aging societies. While it is important to be vigilant about associated comorbidities in order to provide better patient care, data on the prevalence of comorbidities stratified by country or region are scarce. We aimed to elucidate the comorbidities associated with NTM disease based on Japanese health insurance claims data.

Methods
Cross-sectional analyses were performed using the claims data for 2014 provided by the Japan Medical Data Center Co., Ltd. Patients aged 20–75 years with ≥3 claims associated with NTM disease were identified and matched to 10 sex-and-age-matched controls that had never made a claim for NTM disease. Thirty-one comorbidities previously suspected to be associated with NTM disease were selected, and the prevalence of these comorbidities compared between cases and controls.

Result
Overall, 419 NTM patients (134 males and 285 females) and 4190 non-NTM controls were identified from the JMDC database. Aspergillosis, asthma, chronic heart failure, diffuse panbronchiolitis, gastroesophageal reflux, interstitial pneumonia, lung cancer, cancer other than breast, lung, ovary, or prostate cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis were associated with NTM disease in both males and females. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with NTM in males while chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, and Sjögren syndrome were associated with NTM in females.

Conclusion
NTM disease was associated with multiple comorbidities that should be considered when providing medical care to individuals with NTM disease.