bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factores de riesgo asociados a la sepsis neonatal en el hospital Nuevo Amanecer
Authors: Ocampo Willis Dionicio Luis , Charle Roland Alexander  , Allen Teisey Teresa  
Published: July 2020

A fin de contribuir al fortalecimiento de la atención integral a los recién nacidos (Neonatos), se realizó este estudio titulado: Factores de riesgos asociados a las sepsis neonatales en el hospital Nuevo Amanecer, durante enero-diciembre 2013. El estudio fue cuali-cuantitaivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal, con resultados más destacados, siendo la edad materna con 66% entre edades de 20-34 años, según la etnia predominan las madres miskitus en un 68%, en el estado civil madres de unión libre fueron mayoritarias con 42%, en cuanto a los factores maternos se destaca como IVU (infecciones de vías urinarias) con 31%, madres que cursaron con pre-eclampsia con 22%, así mismo los factores de riesgo más frecuentes como bajo peso al nacer con 45%, y seguido de prematuro de 29%, en cuanto a los factores de riesgo relacionadas al parto no son relevantes en nuestro medio ya que en la sala de labor y parto se cumple con la normativa de asepsia y antisepsia, y se realiza buena técnica de lavado de la región vulvo perineal, previo a la atención del parto, tomando en cuenta estos resultados se realizó recomendaciones a diferentes niveles como el Hospital Nuevo Amanecer, SILAIS y también a las usuarias de los diferentes servicios de salud.
Histopathologic Assessment of Suspected Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go
Authors: Smith Maxwell L. , Hariri Lida P. , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Dacic Sanja , Attanoos Richard , Borczuk Alain , Colby Thomas V. , Cooper Wendy , Jones Kirk D. , Leslie Kevin O. , Mahar Annabelle , Larsen Brandon T. , Cavazza Alberto , Fukuoka Jun , Roden Anja C. , Sholl Lynette M. , Tazelaar Henry D. , Churg Andrew , Beasley Mary Beth 
Published: July 2020

Context.—Accurate diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) requires multidisciplinary diagnosis that includes clinical, radiologic, and often pathologic assessment. In 2018, the American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, Japanese Respiratory Society, and the Latin American Thoracic Society (ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT) and the Fleischner Society each published guidelines for the diagnosis of IPF, which include criteria for 4 categories of confidence of a histologic usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern.Objective.—To (1) identify the role of the guidelines in pathologic assessment of UIP; (2) analyze the 4 guideline categories, including potential areas of difficulty; and (3) determine steps the Pulmonary Pathology Society and the greater pulmonary pathology community can take to improve current guideline criteria and histopathologic diagnosis of interstitial lung disease.Data Sources.—Data were derived from the guidelines, published literature, and clinical experience.Conclusions.—Both guidelines provide pathologists with a tool to relay to the clinician the likelihood that a biopsy represents UIP, and serve as an adjunct, not a replacement, for traditional histologic diagnosis. There are multiple challenges with implementing the guidelines, including (1) lack of clarity on the quantity and quality of histologic findings required, (2) lack of recognition that histologic features cannot be assessed independently, and (3) lack of guidance on how pathologists should incorporate clinical and radiographic information. Current criteria for “probable UIP” and “indeterminate for UIP” hinder accurate reflection of the likelihood of IPF. These challenges highlight the need for further morphologic-based investigations in the field of pulmonary pathology.
Por uma epistemologia sul-americana com base nas culturas afro-brasileiras: um debate sobre o ensino culturalmente relevante nas escolas públicas de Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Guimarães Teixeira do Amaral Mônica , Galvão de Siqueira Junior Kleber 
Published: July 2020

Boaventura Santos (2000, 2017) propõe a reinvenção da emancipação social a partir de uma ecologia de saberes e de conceitos não hegemônicos, definidas como epistemologias do sul, contrapondo-as às monoculturas do saber eurocentrado, visto como ineficaz para a superação das condições sociais e econômicas que oprimem grande parte da população mundial. Neste artigo, pretende-se tensionar alguns conceitos ligados à teoria crítica, como a luta pelo reconhecimento das populações historicamente prejudicadas (HONNETH, 2009), aproximando-os do contexto educacional brasileiro, à luz de teorias afrocentradas. Com base na pesquisa de campo desenvolvida por meio de docências compartilhadas com professoras de escolas do ensino fundamental público de São Paulo-SP, propomo-nos a refletir sobre o potencial emancipatório da pedagogia hip-hop, apresentada por Hill (2014), para o ensino de história afro-brasileira e africana, como forma de repensar a prática docente, bem como as estratégias de ensino, com um olhar atento para as marcas deixadas pela ideologia do embranquecimento (MUNANGA, 2004) no ensino brasileiro. Discorre-se ainda sobre a história do movimento hip-hop e da gênese dos raps socialmente engajados de maneira a evidenciar o processo de escolha de uma estratégia de ensino de história da África e afro-brasileira culturalmente relevante a partir das letras de rap selecionadas.
Elephants in the neighborhood: patterns of crop-raiding by Asian elephants within a fragmented landscape of Eastern India
Authors: Naha Dipanjan , Dash Suraj Kumar , Chettri Abhisek , Roy Akashdeep , Sathyakumar Sambandam 
Published: July 2020

Loss of forest cover, rise in human populations and fragmentation of habitats leads to decline in biodiversity and extinction of large mammals globally. Elephants, being the largest of terrestrial mammals, symbolize global conservation programs and co-occur with humans within multiple-use landscapes of Asia and Africa. Within such shared landscapes, poaching, habitat loss and extent of human–elephant conflicts (HEC) affect survival and conservation of elephants. HEC are severe in South Asia with increasing attacks on humans, crop depredation and property damage. Such incidents reduce societal tolerance towards elephants and increase the risk of retaliation by local communities. We analyzed a 2-year dataset on crop depredation by Asian elephants (N = 380) events in North Bengal (eastern India). We also explored the effect of landscape, anthropogenic factors (area of forest, agriculture, distance to protected area, area of human settlements, riverine patches and human density) on the spatial occurrence of such incidents.Crop depredation showed a distinct nocturnal pattern (22.00–06:00) and majority of the incidents were recorded in the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Results of our spatial analysis suggest that crop depredation increased with an increase in the area of forest patches, agriculture, presence of riverine patches and human density. Probability of crop depredation further increased with decreasing distance from protected areas. Villages within 1.5 km of a forest patch were most affected. Crop raiding incidents suggest a deviation from the “high-risk high-gain male biased” foraging behavior and involved proportionately more mixed groups (57%) than lone bulls (43%). Demographic data suggest that mixed groups comprised an average of 23 individuals with adult and sub adult females, bulls and calves. Crop depredation and fatal elephant attacks on humans were spatially clustered with eastern, central and western parts of North Bengal identified as hotspots of HEC. Our results will help to prioritize mitigation measures such as prohibition of alcohol production within villages, improving condition of riverine patches, changing crop composition, fencing agriculture fields, implement early warning systems around protected areas and training local people on how to prevent conflicts.
Characterization of the medication regimen complexity index in high-utilizer, adult psychiatric patients
Authors: Harris Suzanne C. , Jean Stephanie J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Few studies have examined the role of medication-related factors in psychiatric readmissions. Our objective was to characterize the medication regimen complexity index (MRCI) and assess its association with psychiatric hospital readmission frequency and time to readmission in a high-utilizer psychiatric cohort.

Methods
Adult patients admitted between July 2012 and March 2014 were identified if discharged from an inpatient psychiatry service with greater than or equal to 5 psychiatric readmissions or at least one 30-day readmission. Complexity of the medication regimen was determined using a validated MRCI electronic capture tool.

Results
One hundred sixty-eight patients were included. Average MRCI for all readmissions was 7.09 for psychotropic medications, 5.90 for other prescription medications, 2.98 for over the counter, and 16.00 for total medications. Ages greater than 65 years old and female sex were associated with higher total MRCI scores. Average MRCI for psychotropic medications and average psychotropic medication count, along with depression diagnosis, were found to be significantly associated with average time between each readmission but not with readmission frequency. An average total MRCI score greater than 19.7, when broken down by percentiles, was associated with a shorter time to readmission.

Discussion
Psychotropic regimen complexity, psychotropic medication count, total MRCI greater than 19.7, and a diagnosis of depression may contribute to a shorter time to readmission in adult psychiatric patients with a history of frequent readmissions. Future studies are needed to confirm findings and evaluate clinical significance and impact.
Ultralarge Contraction Directed by Light‐Driven Unlocking of Prestored Strain Energy in Linear Liquid Crystal Polymer Fibers
Authors: Pang Xinlei , Qin Lang , Xu Bo , Liu Quan , Yu Yanlei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnisotropic 1D contraction motion of polymeric actuating materials has drawn growing interests in fields ranging from soft robotics to biomimetic muscles. Although light‐driven liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) represent promising candidates to realize contraction (<20%) triggered remotely and spatially, there remain multitudes of challenges to develop an LCP system possessing ultralarge contraction rate. Here, a novel strategy combining shape memory effect and photochemical phase transition is presented to realize light‐driven contraction as large as 81% in a newly designed linear liquid crystal copolymer, where the eutectic mesogens of azobenzene and phenyl benzoate self‐organize into the smectic B phase. Importantly, this highly ordered structure as the switching segment firmly locks the stress‐induced strain energy, which is rapidly released by reversible trans–cis photoisomerization that destroys the lamellar liquid crystal phase, therefore leading to such ultralarge contraction. Fibers serve as light‐driven building blocks to achieve precise origami, to mimic the recovery of a “broken” spider web and to screen objects in different sizes, laying new ground for advanced applications of light‐driven LCPs from biomimetic robots to human assists.
Microtentacle Actuators Based on Shape Memory Alloy Smart Soft Composite
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Taek , Seichepine Florent , Yang Guang‐Zhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent advances in miniature robotics have brought promising improvements in performance by leveraging the latest developments in soft materials, new fabrication schemes, and continuum actuation. Such devices can be used for applications that need delicate manipulation such as microsurgery or investigation of small‐scale biological samples. The shape memory effect of certain alloys is one of the promising actuation mechanisms at small scales because of its high work density and simple actuation mechanism. However, for sub‐millimeter devices, it is difficult to achieve complex and large displacement with shape memory alloy actuators because of the limitation in the fabrication process. Herein, a fabrication scheme for miniaturized smart soft composite actuator is proposed by utilizing two‐photon polymerization. The morphing modes are varied by changing the direction of the scaffold lamination. In addition, the actuation is controlled via local resistive heating of a carbon nanotube layer deposited inside of the actuators. The proposed design can generate a 390 µN force and achieve a bending angle up to 80°. Applications of the actuators are demonstrated by grasping small and delicate objects with single and two finger devices.
Toward the New Generation of Surgical Meshes with 4D Response: Soft, Dynamic, and Adaptable
Authors: Lanzalaco Sonia , Turon Pau , Weis Christine , Mata Christian , Planas Eulàlia , Alemán Carlos , Armelin Elaine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein, a facile approach toward transforming a 2D polypropylene flexible mesh material into a 4D dynamic system is presented. The versatile platform, composed by a substrate of knitted fibers of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) mesh and a coating of thermosensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐N,N’‐methylene bis(acrylamide) (PNIPAAm‐co‐MBA) hydrogel, covalently bonded to the mesh surface, after cold‐plasma surface treatment and radical polymerization, is intended to undergo variations in its geometry via its reversible folding/unfolding behavior. The study is the first to trace the 3D movement of a flat surgical mesh, intended to repair hernia defects, under temperature and humidity control. An infrared thermographic camera and an optical microscope are used to evaluate the macroscopic and microscopic structure stimulus response. The presence of the PP substrate and the distribution of the gel surrounding the PP threads, affect both the PNIPAAM gel expansion/contraction as well as the time of folding/unfolding response. Furthermore, PP‐g‐PNIPAAm meshes show an increase in the bursting strength of ≈16% with respect to the uncoated mesh, offering a strongest and adaptable system for its future implantation in human body. The findings reported offer unprecedented application possibilities in the biomedical field.
Alternative planting geometries reduce production risk in corn and sorghum in water‐limited environments
Authors: Thapa Sushil , Xue Qingwu , Stewart Bob A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConserving soil water and making it available to plants, especially during reproduction and grain‐filling periods, is one of the most challenging aspects of crop production in water‐limited areas. In such areas, adoption of suitable planting geometry may play a key role in determining plant growth and yield. We reviewed the effect of different planting geometries, namely evenly spaced planting (ESP), clump (three plants close together), cluster (five plants close together), and skip‐row (one row planted, one row skipped) in corn (Zea mays L.) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in different agro‐ecological environments and crop management practices. All other planting geometries are called “alternative planting geometries” in this paper. Most studies were conducted in the U.S. Southern Great Plains region, where annual precipitation is less than the potential evapotranspiration and the summer season is usually hot and dry. Results clearly showed the potential benefits of alternative planting geometries, such as reduced canopy temperature, improved microclimate within the crop canopy, less vegetative growth, comparable or greater grain yield, and higher harvest index compared with standard ESP. However, there is much to learn about the feasibility, other benefits, and risks associated with alternative planting geometries for sustainable dryland farming. More studies on weed dynamics, soil evaporation, root penetration, soil water extraction, and water use efficiency are required to complement the existing knowledge on alternative planting geometries.
Combining species distribution modeling and distance sampling to assess wildlife population size: A case study with the northern yellow‐cheeked gibbon (Nomascus annamensis)
Authors: Tran Dung Van , Vu Thinh Tien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPopulation size and distribution data for wildlife species play an important role in conservation and management, especially for endangered species. However, scientists seriously lack data on the population status of many species. The northern yellow‐cheeked gibbon (Nomascus annamensis) is found in southern Lao PDR, central Vietnam, and northeastern Cambodia. The population of the species has significantly declined due to hunting, habitat loss, and the wildlife trade. To examine the population size and distribution ofN. annamensis, we conducted a field survey in Song Thanh Nature Reserve, Quang Nam Province, central Vietnam from February to April 2019 using the audio point count method. We combined Distance Sampling and Ecological Niche Modeling to estimate the population of the gibbons. Results showed that the total suitable area for the gibbons was about 302.32 km2, with the two most important variables of the habitat model being the distance‐to‐villages and forest type. We detected 36 gibbon groups through field surveys and estimated 443 (95% CI, 278–707) gibbon groups in Song Thanh Nature Reserve. Our results indicate that the gibbon population in Song Thanh Nature Reserve is the largest known population ofN. annamensisin Vietnam. In addition, our study was the first to combine species distribution modeling with distance sampling to estimate gibbon density and population size. This approach might be useful in surveying and monitoring gibbon populations because it takes imperfect detection probability into account in estimating gibbon population density while estimating the area of potential habitat using environmental variables.
Angiography versus colonoscopy in patients with severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a nation‐wide observational study
Authors: Miyakuni Yasuhiko , Nakajima Mikio , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Kaszynski Richard H. , Ishimaru Miho , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yamaguchi Yoshihiro , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: July 2020

AimClinical guidelines for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) recommend non‐endoscopic treatment when endoscopic treatment is difficult or the patient is hemodynamically unstable. The aim of this study was to investigate whether angiography should be prioritized as initial treatment for severe LGIB patients over colonoscopy.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective cohort study using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database. We compared adult patients who underwent colonoscopy or angiography within 1 day of admission for severe LGIB from 2010 to 2017. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included surgery carried out within 1 day after admission and surgery carried out between 2 and 7 days of admission. Propensity score‐matched analyses were undertaken to adjust for confounders.ResultsWe identified 6,546 eligible patients. The patients were divided into the colonoscopy group (n = 5,737) and angiography group (n = 809). After one‐to‐four propensity score matching, we compared 3,220 and 805 patients who underwent colonoscopy and angiography, respectively. The angiography group was not significantly associated with reduced in‐hospital mortality compared with the colonoscopy group. In contrast, the number of patients who underwent surgery within 1 day of admission was significantly lower in the angiography group than in the colonoscopy group.ConclusionsThe present study revealed that in‐hospital mortality did not significantly differ between colonoscopy and angiography, even in severe LGIB patients. Although this study was unable to identify which subgroups should undergo angiography for primary hemostasis, angiography might be a better option than colonoscopy for initial hemostasis in more severe cases of LGIB.
Interplay between Spin and Orbital Angular Momenta in Tightly Focused Higher‐Order Poincaré Sphere Beams
Authors: Yu Panpan , Liu Yifan , Wang Ziqiang , Li Yinmei , Gong Lei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpin‐orbit interactions (SOIs) of light in tight focusing systems have gained much attention due to the potential applications in optical trapping and microscopy. SOI effects strongly affect the distributions and properties of focal fields, which are determined by the polarization and spatial degrees of freedom of incoming light. Remarkably, structured light fields exhibit SOI phenomena with complex behaviors. Here the SOIs in the tightly focused higher‐order Poincaré sphere beams that simultaneously contain vortex phase front and higher polarization orders are theoretically studied. The interplay between spin and orbital angular momenta in the focused field is revealed, and the amount of spin‐orbit conversion is found to be determined by the angular momentum of the incident field and the focusing system. In particular, based on the superposition of two circular polarization vortex bases, a general description of the interplay between spin and orbital parties is provided, paving a way to arbitrarily controlling the SOIs in nonparaxial fields. The findings are expected to deepen the understanding of SOIs that play a critical role in classical and quantum optics.
Polymer Transformers: Interdigitating Reaction Networks of Fueled Monomer Species to Reconfigure Functional Polymer States
Authors: Sun Mo , Deng Jie , Walther Andreas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdaptivity is an essential trait of life. One type of adaptivity is the reconfiguration of a functional system states by correlating sensory inputs. We report polymer transformers, which can adaptively reconfigure their composition from a state of a mixed copolymer to being enriched in either monomer A or B. This is achieved by embedding and hierarchically interconnecting two chemically fueled activation/deactivation enzymatic reaction networks for both monomers via a joint activation pathway (network level) and an AB linker monomer reactive to both A and B (species level). The ratio of enzymes governing the individual deactivation pathways (our external signals) control the enrichment behavior in the dynamic state. The method shows high programmability of the reconfigured state, rejuvenation of transformation cycles, and quick in situ adaptation. As a proof‐of‐concept, we showcase this dynamic reconfiguration for colloidal surface functionalities.
Enhancing the Photo and Biomedical Activity of ZnO by Incorporation with Zinc Silicate Nanocomposites
Authors: El‐Shafey H.M. , Saif M. , Aly M.H. , Hafez H.S. 
Published: July 2020

Highly active and non‐toxic ZnO incorporated with zinc silicate (zinc silicate/ZnO) nanocomposites are synthesized via a simple and low‐cost hydrothermal method followed by heat treatment. Different molar ratios from Si to Zn [1:20], [1:10], [1:8] and [1:6] are used to prepare different zinc silicate/ZnO nano composite materials which are assigned to ZS1, ZS2, ZS3 and ZS4 samples, respectively. The effect of calcination times and temperatures have been investigated on the crystallographic and morphological properties of the synthesized nano composite materials. The XRD analysis show that at very low molar ratios, zincite (ZnO) is the most predominant phase. However, at higher molar ratios, there are two phases coexist; hemimorphite (Zn4Si4O7) and zincite. The TEM images show a uniform nanoplate‐like shaped morphology from ZnO with well dispersed Zn2SiO4 nanoparticles.The SBET is remarkably increased from 18.14 to 176.5 m2.g−1 by calcination up to 400 °C and then decreased to 72.2 m2. g−1 by further increasing in the calcinations temp up to 1,000 °C. The bio and photocatalytic activities of the composite nanomaterials have been investigated.Compared with the pure ZnO, the nano composites have been demonstrated as better photocatalysts for the degradation of Levafex golden yellow (LGY) dye as a model of organic dye pollutant under simulated sunlight irradiation. Moreover, the nano composites were evidenced to possess better and non‐toxic antitumor activity towards hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with (IC50 = 11.2 μg.ml−1 and LD50 ˃ 50 mg. Kg−1).