bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehension and personal value of negative non‐diagnostic genetic panel testing
Authors: Hoell Christin , Aufox Sharon , Nashawaty Nora , Myers Melanie F. , Smith Maureen E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIncreasing interest and pursuit of genetic testing by the general public have raised concerns about their understanding and use of their results. While most research has focused on individuals receiving positive genetic test results, there have been limited investigations assessing the understanding and utility of receiving negative genetic test results. Individuals who receive a negative (or uninformative) genetic test result may not appreciate the limitations of genetic testing and their residual disease risk. The goals of this study were to explore participant understanding and perceived utility of negative non‐diagnostic genetic test results. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with participants who received negative non‐diagnostic genetic test results from the electronic Medical Records and Genomics Network (eMERGE) testing panel at Northwestern University. A total of 17 participants were interviewed. While many expressed a lack of understanding of genetics and the relationship between genes, disease, and environment, most acknowledged that they had residual risk to develop a health problem and should continue with their routine health management. Additionally, participants expressed that their negative results had personal value, by providing them peace of mind and learning additional knowledge about themselves and their health. Participants did not anticipate that results would have an impact on their lifestyle, but felt the results were useful for sharing with their physician and could inform future genetic testing decisions. While mostly positive, some participants were disappointed not to learn more individualized results. While a more thorough exploration is necessary, findings in this study can aid efforts to improve or innovate informed consent for genomic testing, as well as scalable modes of result return that foster comprehension following negative genetic testing.
Novel therapies for mucopolysaccharidosis type III
Authors: Seker Yilmaz Berna , Davison James , Jones Simon A. , Baruteau Julien 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III) or Sanfilippo disease is an orphan inherited lysosomal storage disease and one of the most common MPS subtypes. The classical presentation is an infantile‐onset neurodegenerative disease characterised by intellectual regression, behavioural and sleep disturbances, loss of ambulation, and early death. Unlike other MPS, no disease‐modifying therapy has yet been approved. Here, we review the numerous approaches of curative therapy developed for MPS III from historical ineffective haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and substrate reduction therapy to the promising ongoing clinical trials based on enzyme replacement therapy or adeno‐associated or lentiviral vectors mediated gene therapy. Preclinical studies are presented alongside the most recent translational first‐in‐man trials. In addition, we present experimental research with preclinical mRNA and gene editing strategies. Lessons from animal studies and clinical trials have highlighted the importance of an early therapy before extensive neuronal loss. A disease‐modifying therapy for MPS III will undoubtedly mandate development of new strategies for early diagnosis.
A critical examination of Iacono and Ben‐Shakhar's critique of Ginton's innovative technique for estimating polygraph CQT accuracy in real‐life cases
Authors: Ginton Avital 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGiven the inherent difficulties in validating the comparison question polygraph test (CQT) by using a wide range of the conventional two categories of studies—field and laboratory— (NRC ‐ The polygraph and lie detection, 2003), the innovative method presented by Ginton (Psychology, Crime & Law, 2013, 19, pp. 577–594), has been considered to be a breakthrough (Raskin & Kircher, 2014, Validity of polygraph techniques and decision methods. p. 82). In their recent review of the current status of polygraph validity, Iacono and Ben‐Shakhar (Law & Human Behavior, 2019, 43, pp. 86–98), dedicated a significant portion of their article to scrutinising that novel approach. They did applaud Ginton's innovation for the development of the new methods but criticised its outcomes to the point that nullified any contributions it might have had in dealing with the long‐lasting controversy regarding the CQT validity. The present response to that critique examines their argumentations in dismissing Ginton's study point by point, indicating reliance on some speculations that had nothing to do with reality and a profound misunderstanding or misinterpreting of the data.
Neutrophils produce proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory extracellular vesicles depending on the environmental conditions
Authors: Kolonics Ferenc , Kajdácsi Erika , Farkas Veronika J , Veres Dániel S , Khamari Delaram , Kittel Ágnes , Merchant Michael L , McLeish Kenneth R , Lőrincz Ákos M , Ligeti Erzsébet 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important elements of intercellular communication. A plethora of different, occasionally even opposite, physiologic and pathologic effects have been attributed to these vesicles in the last decade. A direct comparison of individual observations is however hampered by the significant differences in the way of elicitation, collection, handling, and storage of the investigated vesicles. In the current work, we carried out a careful comparative study on 3, previously characterized types of EVs produced by neutrophilic granulocytes. We investigated in parallel the modulation of multiple blood-related cells and functions by medium-sized vesicles. We show that EVs released from resting neutrophils exert anti-inflammatory action by reducing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokine release from neutrophils. In contrast, vesicles generated upon encounter of neutrophils with opsonized particles rather promote proinflammatory processes as they increase production of ROS and cytokine secretion from neutrophils and activate endothelial cells. EVs released from apoptosing cells were mainly active in promoting coagulation. We thus propose that EVs are “custom made,” acquiring selective capacities depending on environmental factors prevailing at the time of their biogenesis.
Reconstructing the spatial distribution of large vegetation formations during the mid‐Holocene in Romania: a predictive modeling approach
Authors: Patriche Cristian Valeriu , Pîrnău Radu Gabriel , Roşca Bogdan 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe present study tests the usefulness of SoLIM software and GIS techniques for the reconstruction of large vegetation formations from the mid‐Holocene period in Romania. We used current reference climate data (temperature, precipitation) and the current extent of ecological regions in Romania to derive climate optimality functions for each vegetation formation. The optimality functions were used to simulate current and past distributions of vegetation. The results showed that the current and mid‐Holocene simulated spatial distributions of vegetation are quite similar. Changes were found for about 14% of the Romanian territory (33 946 km2), the most important being the retreat of coniferous forests in favor of mixed forests and of mixed forests in favor of forest steppe. The former is validated by previous pollen‐based studies showing the transition from coniferous forests to mixed forests that occurred in several areas of the country after the mid‐Holocene. The study demonstrates the potential of this methodological approach to reconstruct past vegetation formations, and at the same time that it is a straightforward and expert knowledge‐based method. Although our application uses only climate factors, the results can be further refined by incorporating additional drivers (soil and landform information, site‐specific pollen and fossil data, wildfire data) for a more accurate inference of paleovegetation.
Evolution of optical phonons in epitaxial Ge1−ySny structures
Authors: Kim Young Chan , Lee Taegeon , Ryu Mee‐Yi , Kouvetakis John , Rho Heesuk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report polarized Raman scattering results of Ge1−ySny (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.09) epitaxial layers grown on Ge‐buffered Si substrates. Polarized Raman spectra from the sample surfaces revealed strong Ge–Ge longitudinal optical (LO) phonon responses. The Ge–Ge LO(z) phonon wavenumber decreased systematically as the Sn content increased. Linear fitting results of the Ge–Ge LO(z) phonon wavenumber shifts as a function of Sn content suggested that a partial strain relaxation occurred in the Ge1−ySny layers. Spatially resolved Raman mapping measurements from the cross section of a Ge0.938Sn0.062 samplev showed that the peak wavenumber of the Ge–Ge transverse optical phonon decreased gradually toward the top surface, providing direct evidence that the residual built‐in strain initially formed at the Ge0.938Sn0.062/Ge interface tended to relax gradually along the growth direction. Further, a hydrogen inductively coupled plasma treatment induced a greater homogeneous strain profile in the Ge0.938Sn0.062 layer.
Overcoming bread quality decay concerns: main issues for bread shelf life as a function of biological leavening agents and different extra ingredients used in formulation. A review
Authors: Taglieri Isabella , Macaluso Monica , Bianchi Alessandro , Sanmartin Chiara , Quartacci Mike Frank , Zinnai Angela , Venturi Francesca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs is widely accepted, the quality decay of freshly baked bread that affects product shelf life is the result of a complex multifactorial process that involves physical staling, together with microbiological, chemical and sensorial spoilage. In this context, this paper provides a critical review of the recent literature about the main factors affecting shelf life of bread during post‐baking. An overview of the recent findings about the mechanism of bread staling is firstly provided. Afterwards, the effect on staling induced by baker's yeasts and sourdough as well as by the extra ingredients commonly utilized for bread fortification is also addressed and discussed. As inclusion/exclusion criteria, only papers dealing with wheat bread and not with long‐life bread or gluten‐free bakery products are taken into consideration. Despite recent developments in international scientific literature, the whole mechanism that induces bread staling is far from being completely understood and the best analytical methods to be adopted to measure and/or describe in depth this process appear still debated. In this topic, the effects induced on bread shelf life by the use of biological leavening agents (baker's yeasts and sourdough) as well as by some extra ingredients included in the bread recipe have been individuated as two key issues to be addressed and discussed in terms of their influence on the kinetics of bread staling. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Laser additive manufactured Ti‐6Al‐4 V alloy: Anodizing and its effects on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance
Authors: Chandramohan P. , Raghu R. , Pradeesh Kumar D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTi‐6Al‐4 V components were developed in different orientations (horizontal and vertical) using an additive manufacturing technique called direct metal laser sintering process and heat treated under 3 different procedures (heat treatment‐1, heat treatment‐2 and heat treatment‐3). Anodizing was done at different voltages (8 V–12 V and 18 V–22 V) in the as‐sintered and heat treated conditions. Corrosion test was carried out in artificial saliva. Mechanical properties like tensile strength, elongation were tested; microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and chemistry of corrosion products were analyzed using energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy. The results of corrosion tests have been correlated with the measured tensile strength and ductility. The same is also correlated with the dry sliding wear results published from our earlier research. Anodized (8 V–12 V) horizontal built‐heat treatment‐3 specimen and anodized (18 V–22 V) horizontal built‐heat treatment‐2 outperforms other combinations in terms of corrosion. Nevertheless, considering the outcome of mechanical testing, the specimen built in horizontal orientation and anodized at 18 V–22 V is preferred for biomedical applications that needs the combination of both mechanical property and corrosion resistance.
From heat to entropy
Authors: Hoffmann H.‐J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMilestones in the development of thermodynamics are the discovery of the absolute temperature scale and the recognition that differential “heat” is a form of energy given as the product of absolute temperature and differential entropy. Following a new path, the last statement results from a careful analysis of the heat transfer applying the first theorem without reference to the usual cycles in thermodynamics. This confirms also characteristic properties of entropy. In particular, the total entropy can never decrease in a process. In thermal equilibrium, the differential thermal energy is proportional to the differential entropy with the constant of proportionality being the temperature of the heat and entropy. Hence, thermal energy and entropy are transferred simultaneously into the same storage facilities, some of which are mentioned. However, the issue which one is the superior quantity is obsolete. The entropy is maximum for a given amount of exchanged thermal energy and, vice versa, for a given amount of exchanged entropy the concomitant energy is minimum. We calculate the thermal energy and entropy of phonons (as bosons) in oscillators and of electrons (as fermions) in their states of solids and melts as examples from statistical thermodynamics. The thermal energy or heat is the sum of the energies of all bosons and fermions in their elementary states or quantum states according to Bose Einstein and Fermi Dirac statistics in thermal equilibrium minus the total energy in the limit T→0 K. The entropy can be written as mixing entropy of all of these quantum states weighted with their occupancies, in agreement with an earlier publication. Thus, entropy is a logarithmic metrics of the number of all possible variants to distribute the respective total energy over all elementary states in thermal equilibrium.
Recovery of Impaired Endogenous Pain Modulation by Dopaminergic Medication in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Florin Esther , Koschmieder Kim C. , Schnitzler Alfons , Becker Susanne 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundOf patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), 30% to 85% report pain. However, mechanisms underlying this pain remain unclear. In line with known neuroanatomical impairments, we hypothesized that pain in PD is caused by alterations in emotional‐motivational as opposed to sensory‐discriminative pain processing and that dopamine recovers the capacity for endogenous emotional‐motivational pain modulation in patients with PD.MethodsA total of 20 patients with PD played a random reward paradigm with painful heat stimuli in addition to assessments of pain sensitivity once with and once without levodopa.ResultsLevodopa increased endogenous pain inhibition in terms of perceived pain intensity and un/pleasantness compared with a medication off state. Higher clinical pain was associated with higher increases in pain inhibition. Levodopa did not affect heat pain threshold, tolerance, or temporal summation.ConclusionPatients with PD seem to be predominately impaired in emotional‐motivational as opposed to sensory‐discriminative pain processing. A differential understanding of pain in PD is urgently needed because effective treatment strategies are lacking. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Experimentally investigating the degradations of the GaN PA indexes under different temperature conditions
Authors: Zhou Shaohua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn order to understand the PA's indexes, degradations with respect to the temperature changes before suppressing such degradations or compensating those temperature effects of the PAs. The degradations of the gallium nitride (GaN) PA indexes under different temperature conditions with a fixed relative humidity of 85% are investigated experimentally. The S21, power‐added efficiency (PAE) and output power of the PA degrade with the increase of the temperature. The main reasons for these degradations are discussed and analyzed in this paper. The results presented in the paper can help designers to understand the temperature effects on degradations of GaN PA indexes comprehensively so that the designers could consider the effects in the design cycle of the temperature compensation circuits in advance.
Sperm chromatin condensation and single‐ and double‐stranded DNA damage as important parameters to define male factor related recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Ribas‐Maynou Jordi , Abad Carlos , García‐Segura Sergio , Oliver‐Bonet Maria , Prada Elena , Amengual Maria José , Navarro Joaquima , Benet Jordi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present work is to characterize the relationship between sperm protamine deficiency and single‐ and double‐stranded DNA damage and to assess the diagnostic potential of chromomycin A3 (CMA3). For that purpose, semen samples from 90 human males with different clinical features were included (fertile donors, patients with recurrent pregnancy loss [RPL], and infertile patients). DNA condensation was analyzed by CMA3 and different types of DNA fragmentation were analyzed through the comet assay. A positive correlation between DNA condensation and single‐stranded DNA fragmentation was found (Rs = .456; p = .05). CMA3 presented differences between fertile donors and all other groups (p < .001). Interestingly, patients with RPL, who were able to achieve a pregnancy, and infertile patients showed similar values of CMA3 (p > .05). Receiver operating characteristic curves and the profiles obtained by the combination of Comet assays and CMA3 indicate that the CMA3 test may be an interesting approach to distinguish those subjects with higher pregnancy loss risk from fertile donors (CMA3 area under the curve 0.928, with a confidence interval of 0.849–1.000). The present work shows that DNA condensation is related to oxidative damage, which affects mainly protamine‐rich regions. The profiles observed in different clinical groups showed that CMA3 might be useful for the diagnosis of RPL risk when combined with Comet assays.
The outsourcing conundrum: Misappropriation of intellectual property in supply chains
Authors: Chakravarty Amiya K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn an outsourcing arrangement, the principal must weigh the potential savings in manufacturing cost against the risk of intellectual property (IP) misappropriation by suppliers. While formal legal measures for protecting IP exist in many countries, they are by no means perfect. We consider a market‐based approach where the supplier can sell the acquired IP to a third party imitator or can become an imitator if the imitation‐cost is not large. We identify economic‐equilibrium scenarios that discourage excessive misappropriation of IP. We find that IP sell/purchase transactions can happen only if the market potential has a moderate value. It can also motivate the supplier to become imitator. A large market, while attractive to the imitator, causes the principal not to outsource. In a small market, on the other hand, the imitator is unable to compete especially with a high‐quality imitation. Interestingly, we also find that the combined sales of the principal and imitator decreases, if the imitator increases IP purchase. We establish that the principal can benefit from partial outsourcing implying that a proportion of the components are outsourced, if the market potential is large.
Nutrition Parameters for Assessing Malnutrition in a Population of US Veterans With Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Agoulnik Dorothy , Lewis Sherri 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic liver disease often leads to malnutrition in patients. Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are at greater risk for misclassification due to disease‐specific changes in fluid, muscle, and fat status. Tools traditionally used to diagnose malnutrition may not be applicable in the HCV population, and delaying malnutrition diagnosis may contribute to disease progression. The aim of the present study is to determine and compare the incidence of malnutrition in US veterans with HCV by using 3 different malnutrition assessment tools (subjective global assessment [SGA], American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics [ASPEN‐AND], and Royal Free Hospital Global Assessment [RFH‐GA]).MethodsThirty‐three US veterans were evaluated for malnutrition according to SGA, ASPEN‐AND, and RFH‐GA protocols using a prospective, descriptive study design.ResultsFifteen participants (45.5%) were classified with malnutrition using any criteria (SGA, ASPEN, or RFH‐GA). All 3 tools had good agreement, with ASPEN‐AND to RFH‐GA having the highest specificity and sensitivity. Of those classified with malnutrition using any assessment tool, mean body mass index was 26.6 (P = .014), subjective muscle loss was the most frequently encountered parameter, and 6 (40%) of 15 also had fluid accumulation.ConclusionsThe results indicate that malnutrition and particularly muscle wasting is common in US veterans with HCV. All 3 tools had good agreement and the most commonly used nutrition parameter was muscle loss (subjective). In a malnutrition assessment tool for the HCV population, both subjective and objective measures of body composition should be included.
Learning‐based parametrized model predictive control for trajectory tracking
Authors: Sferrazza Carmelo , Muehlebach Michael , D'Andrea Raffaello 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article is concerned with the tracking of nonequilibrium motions with model predictive control (MPC). It proposes to parametrize input and state trajectories of a dynamic system with basis functions to alleviate the computational burden in MPC. As a result of the parametrization, an optimization problem with fewer variables is obtained, and the memory requirements for storing the reference trajectories are reduced. The article also discusses the generation of feasible reference trajectories that account for the system's dynamics, as well as input and state constraints. In order to cope with repeatable disturbances, which may stem from unmodeled dynamics for example, an iterative learning procedure is included. The approach relies on a Kalman filter that identifies the repeatable disturbances based on previous trials. These are then included in the system's model available to the model predictive controller, which compensates them in subsequent trials. The proposed approach is evaluated on a quadcopter, whose task is to balance a pole, while flying a predefined trajectory.