bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angular momentum-related probe of cold gas deficiencies
Authors: Li Jie , Obreschkow Danail , Lagos Claudia , Cortese Luca , Welker Charlotte , Džudžar Robert 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent studies of neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) in nearby galaxies found that all field disc galaxies are H i saturated, in that they carry roughly as much H i as permitted before this gas becomes gravitationally unstable. By taking this H i saturation for granted, the atomic gas fraction fatm of galactic discs can be predicted as a function of the stability parameter q = jσ/(GM), where M and j are the baryonic mass and specific angular momentum of the disc and σ is the H i velocity dispersion (Obreschkow et al. 2016). The log-ratio Δfq between this predictor and the observed atomic fraction can be seen as a physically motivated ‘H i deficiency’. While field disc galaxies have Δfq ≈ 0, objects subject to environmental removal of H i are expected to have Δfq &gt; 0. Within this framework, we revisit the H i deficiencies of satellite galaxies in the Virgo cluster and in clusters of the EAGLE simulation. We find that observed and simulated cluster galaxies are H i deficient and that Δfq slightly increases when getting closer to the cluster centres. The Δfq values are similar to traditional H i deficiency estimators, but Δfq is more directly comparable between observations and simulations than morphology-based–deficiency estimators. By tracking the simulated H i deficient cluster galaxies back in time, we confirm that Δfq ≈ 0 until the galaxies first enter a halo with $M_{\rm halo}\gt 10^{13}\rm M_{\odot }$, at which moment they quickly lose H i by environmental effects. Finally, we use the simulation to investigate the links between Δfq and quenching of star formation.
The Thousand-Pulsar-Array programme on MeerKAT – I. Science objectives and first results
Authors: Johnston Simon , Karastergiou A , Keith M J , Song X , Weltevrede P , Abbate F , Bailes M , Buchner S , Camilo F , Geyer M , Hugo B , Jameson A , Kramer M , Parthasarathy A , Reardon D J , Ridolfi A , Serylak M , Shannon R M , Spiewak R , van Straten W , Venkatraman Krishnan V , Jankowski F , Meyers B W , Oswald L , Posselt B , Sobey C , Szary A , van Leeuwen J 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We report here on initial results from the Thousand-Pulsar-Array (TPA) programme, part of the Large Survey Project ‘MeerTime’ on the MeerKAT telescope. The interferometer is used in the tied-array mode in the band from 856 to 1712 MHz, and the wide band coupled with the large collecting area and low receiver temperature make it an excellent telescope for the study of radio pulsars. The TPA is a 5 year project, which aims at to observing (a) more than 1000 pulsars to obtain high-fidelity pulse profiles, (b) some 500 of these pulsars over multiple epochs, and (c) long sequences of single-pulse trains from several hundred pulsars. The scientific outcomes from the programme will include the determination of pulsar geometries, the location of the radio emission within the pulsar magnetosphere, the connection between the magnetosphere and the crust and core of the star, tighter constraints on the nature of the radio emission itself, as well as interstellar medium studies. First, results presented here include updated dispersion measures, 26 pulsars with Faraday rotation measures derived for the first time, and a description of interesting emission phenomena observed thus far.
Evidence of an evolved nature of MWC 349A
Authors: Kraus M , Arias M L , Cidale L S , Torres A F 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The Galactic emission-line object MWC 349A is one of the brightest radio stars in the sky. The central object is embedded in an almost edge-on oriented Keplerian rotating thick disc that seems to drive a rotating bipolar wind. The dense disc is also the site of hot molecular emission such as the CO bands with its prominent band heads in the near-infrared spectral range. Despite numerous studies, the nature of MWC 349A is still controversial with classifications ranging from a pre-main sequence object to an evolved supergiant. We collected new high-resolution near-infrared spectra in the K and Lbands using the GNIRS spectrograph at Gemini-North to study the molecular disc of MWC 349A, and in particular to search for other molecular species such as SiO and the isotope 13CO. The amount of 13CO, obtained from the 12CO/13CO ratio, is recognized as an excellent tool to discriminate between pre-main-sequence and evolved massive stars. We find no signatures of SiO band emission, but detect CO band emission with considerably lower intensity and CO gas temperature compared to previous observations. Moreover, from detailed modelling of the emission spectrum, we derive an isotope ratio of 12CO/13CO = 4 ± 1. Based on this significant enrichment of the circumstellar environment in 13CO, we conclude that MWC 349A belongs to the group of B[e] supergiants, and we discuss possible reasons for the drop in CO intensity.
GMRT observations of IC 711 – the longest head-tail radio galaxy known
Authors: Srivastava Shweta , Singal Ashok K 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTWe present low frequency, GMRT observations at 240, 610, and 1300 MHz of IC 711, a narrow angle tail (NAT) radio galaxy. The total angular extent of the radio emission, ∼22 arcmin, corresponds to a projected linear size of ∼900 kpc, making it the longest among the known head-tail radio galaxies. The objectives of the GMRT observations were to investigate the radio morphology, especially of the long tail structure, at low frequencies. The radio structure, especially initial ∼10 arcmin of tail being a long straight feature, does not seem to be consistent with a simple circular motion around the cluster centre, as previously suggested in the literature. Two sharp bends after the straight section of the tail cast doubt on the prevailing idea in the literature that the long narrow tails represent trails left behind by the fast moving parent optical galaxy with respect to the cluster medium, as the optical galaxy could not have undergone such sharp bends in its path, under any conceivable gravitational influence of some individual galaxy or of the overall cluster gravitational potential. In fact, the tail does not seem to have been influenced by the gravitational field of any of the cluster-member galaxies. The radio spectrum of the head, coinciding with the optical galaxy, is flat ($\alpha \stackrel{\lt }{_{\sim }}0.4$ for S∝ ν−α), but steadily steepens along the radio tail, with the end part of the tail showing the steepest spectrum ($\alpha \, {\sim}$ 4–5) ever seen in any diffuse radio emission region.
Stellar mass as a galaxy cluster mass proxy: application to the Dark Energy Survey redMaPPer clusters
Authors: Palmese A , Annis J , Burgad J , Farahi A , Soares-Santos M , Welch B , da Silva Pereira M , Lin H , Bhargava S , Hollowood D L , Wilkinson R , Giles P , Jeltema T , Romer A K , Evrard A E , Hilton M , Vergara Cervantes C , Bermeo A , Mayers J , DeRose J , Gruen D , Hartley W G , Lahav O , Leistedt B , McClintock T , Rozo E , Rykoff E S , Varga T N , Wechsler R H , Zhang Y , Avila S , Brooks D , Buckley-Geer E , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Castander F J , Collins C , da Costa L N , Desai S , De Vicente J , Diehl H T , Dietrich J P , Doel P , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gerdes D W , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Honscheid K , James D J , Krause E , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Liddle A , Lima M , Maia M A G , Mann R G , Marshall J L , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Ogando R L C , Plazas A A , Roodman A , Rooney P , Sahlen M , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Sobreira F , Stott J , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Thomas D , Tucker D L , Viana P T P , Vikram V , Walker A R ,   DES Collaboration
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We introduce a galaxy cluster mass observable, μ⋆, based on the stellar masses of cluster members, and we present results for the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 1 (Y1) observations. Stellar masses are computed using a Bayesian model averaging method, and are validated for DES data using simulations and COSMOS data. We show that μ⋆ works as a promising mass proxy by comparing our predictions to X-ray measurements. We measure the X-ray temperature–μ⋆ relation for a total of 129 clusters matched between the wide-field DES Y1 redMaPPer catalogue and Chandra and XMM archival observations, spanning the redshift range 0.1 &lt; $z$ &lt; 0.7. For a scaling relation that is linear in logarithmic space, we find a slope of α = 0.488 ± 0.043 and a scatter in the X-ray temperature at fixed μ⋆ of $\sigma _{{\rm ln} T_\mathrm{ X}|\mu _\star }= 0.266^{+0.019}_{-0.020}$ for the joint sample. By using the halo mass scaling relations of the X-ray temperature from the Weighing the Giants program, we further derive the μ⋆-conditioned scatter in mass, finding $\sigma _{{\rm ln} M|\mu _\star }= 0.26^{+ 0.15}_{- 0.10}$. These results are competitive with well-established cluster mass proxies used for cosmological analyses, showing that μ⋆ can be used as a reliable and physically motivated mass proxy to derive cosmological constraints.
Is multiphase gas cloudy or misty?
Authors: Gronke Max , Oh S Peng 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Cold T ∼ 104 K gas morphology could span a spectrum ranging from large discrete clouds to a fine ‘mist’ in a hot medium. This has myriad implications, including dynamics and survival, radiative transfer, and resolution requirements for cosmological simulations. Here, we use 3D hydrodynamic simulations to study the pressure-driven fragmentation of cooling gas. This is a complex, multistage process, with an initial Rayleigh–Taylor unstable contraction phase that seeds perturbations, followed by a rapid, violent expansion leading to the dispersion of small cold gas ‘droplets’ in the vicinity of the gas cloud. Finally, due to turbulent motions, and cooling, these droplets may coagulate. Our results show that a gas cloud ‘shatters’ if it is sufficiently perturbed out of pressure balance (δP/P ∼ 1) and has a large final overdensity χf ≳ 300, with only a weak dependence on the cloud size. Otherwise, the droplets reassemble back into larger pieces. We discuss our results in the context of thermal instability and clouds embedded in a shock-heated environment.
Increases in Secondhand Smoke After Going Smoke-Free: An Assessment of the Impact of a Mandated Smoke-Free Housing Policy
Authors: Plunk Andrew D , Rees Vaughan W , Jeng Anna , Wray Jasilyn A , Grucza Richard A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
The 12-month impact of federally mandated smoke-free housing (SFH) policy adoption (July 2018) was assessed using two markers of ambient secondhand smoke (SHS): airborne nicotine and particulate matter at the 2.5-micrometer threshold (PM2.5).

Methods
We measured markers of SHS in Norfolk, VA from December 2017 to December 2018 in six federally subsidized multi-unit public housing buildings. Multi-level regression was used to model the following comparisons: (1) the month immediately before SFH implementation versus the month immediately after, and (2) December 2017 versus December 2018.

Results
There was a 27% reduction in indoor PM2.5 and a 32% reduction in airborne nicotine in the first month after SFH adoption, compared to the month prior to adoption. However, there was a 33% increase in PM2.5 and a 25% increase in airborne nicotine after 12 months.

Conclusions
US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)-mandated SFH can reduce SHS in multi-unit housing. However, SFH could also plausibly increase indoor smoking. Policy approaches adopted by individual properties or housing authorities—for example, property-wide bans versus allowing designated smoking areas—could be driving this potential unintended consequence.

Implications
Successful implementation of SFH by public housing authorities in response to the HUD rule requires ongoing attention to implementation strategies. In this sense, SFH likely differs from other policies that might be seen as less intrusive. Long-term success of SFH will depend on careful policy implementation, including plans to educate and support housing authority staff, inform and engage residents, and build effective partnerships with community agencies.
The effect of college acquisitions and mergers on student dropout behaviour: evidence from the UK
Authors: Capuccinello Rossella Iraci , Bradley Steve 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We investigate the effect of college acquisitions on the probability of students dropping out of college. Using administrative data for the further education (FE) sector, which covers multiple cohorts, we estimate matching models and combine them with difference-in-differences methods to remove the effects of unobserved student and college heterogeneity. Overall our findings show that acquisitions reduce the probability of dropout by 0.01 percentage points, but this varies in magnitude and direction over time. In general, positive effects of acquisitions on drop out behaviour tend to be small (e.g. 0.001 for acquisitions in 2004) and dissipate over time, whereas negative effects persist and tend to increase in magnitude over time (e.g. −0.05 one year later and −0.07 two years later). We discuss the implications for policy and practice in the sector, as well as suggesting a need for similar analyses in other education sectors, such as primary and secondary schooling.
Introduction
Authors: Jillions John A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
For good or ill, people throughout the world of the 21st century continue to act on perceptions of divine guidance, inspiration, and revelation in personal and public life. Religious experience can lead to both extraordinary lives of human creativity and lives of crippling religious fear and violence. The first-century world of the apostle Paul’s Corinth brought together Greeks, Romans, Jews, and Christians in vigorous conversation and debate about mystical experience, religion, divination, superstition, providence, the rational mind, discernment, and delusion. Contemporary biblical scholarship has generally been wary of religious experience, but the texts themselves swim in this environment. The introduction argues that religious and biblical scholars as well as those who pursue or question spiritual exploration in the 21st century will benefit from engagement with these first-century debates.
The Archeology of Divine Guidance in Corinth
Authors: Jillions John A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter looks at some of the archeological discoveries in Corinth that reflect popular attitudes toward the gods, religious experience, and divine guidance. The most prominent was the healing cult centered in the Temple of Asklepios, where interpretation of dreams was a key feature. Other sites and household shrines would have brought to mind Fortuna, family ancestors, the oracle of Delphi, and mythical stories of divine intervention with a Corinthian slant (Venus, Medea, Glauce, Bellerophon, Sisyphus, Dionysus). But for an alternative point of view, there was the tomb of Diogenes the Cynic (fourth century bce), who settled in Corinth “to be where fools were thickest.” He was highly critical of superstitious piety and advised instead to follow the inscription at Delphi, “Know Thyself.” He concluded that oracles are deceptive not because the gods are deceitful but because human beings are incapable of properly understanding the gods.
Plutarch
Authors: Jillions John A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Plutarch straddled the first and second century, Greece and Rome, philosophy and religion, the rational and the mystical. He was a Greek who spent many years in Rome, and he admired the combination of contemplation and action that he saw in the best examples of heroic Greek and Roman lives. He returned to serve as a priest of Delphi, overseeing the famous shrine. He understood the perils of superstition and was highly sympathetic to atheists’ rejection of the mystical world based on what they had seen of religion. Even the gods, he says, would rather not exist than be burdened with the ugly characters ascribed to them by false religion. And yet Plutarch felt that his own experience testified to the reality and beauty of the divine. He was thus equally sympathetic to those who came to Delphi with their humble requests for guidance and those willing to take initiative and action.
Neither Jew nor Greek
Authors: Jillions John A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter shows how issues of decisions, divine guidance, discernment, and delusion are woven throughout 1 Corinthians. Paul’s community was shaped by Greco-Roman and Jewish views, but he presents a distinctive new way based on the Cross. As he himself told them, “I decided to know nothing among you except Jesus Christ and him crucified” (1 Cor 2:2). Identification with the crucified and risen Christ gave access to the Spirit and a life of communion with God in various ways: through the scriptures (reinterpreted in the light of Christ), the liturgical life of the community (especially baptism and the Lord’s Supper), tradition, preaching, apostles and community leaders, service, co-suffering, and, above all, love. But this does not eclipse individual divine communion, calling, and discernment. Nor does it exclude rational thought, which in Paul’s approach is equally illumined by divine guidance to integrate rational and mystical.
State-Sanctioned Violence Definition, Parameters, and Conceptual Foundation
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Social work’s quest takes on greater significance at this critical time in the nation’s history, responding to a society that has persisted in marginalizing groups because of the color of their skin, sexual identities, and abilities, and is increasingly being segregated. This book illustrates (conceptually, case examples, and statistically) how state-sanctioned violence is a modern-day manifestation with deep historical roots of government serving as a principal contributor to the persistence and reproduction of racism, as it has since the founding of the nation, illustrating state power to carry out a violence agenda targeting communities of color covering centuries. Violence establishes and maintains nation-states (Fenton, 2017). A nation willing to exercise violence and sacrifice segments of its population is one resting on a very precarious foundation. This chapter lays out a conceptual foundation for understanding state-sanctioned violence.
Unauthorized Immigration
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Although immigration covers a wide sociopolitical spectrum, this chapter’s focus will be on the unauthorized (“illegal”) and how state violence unfolds for them. This state violence is generally focused on Brown people, and increasingly children—there are approximately 23,000 unaccompanied children. It is sad witnessing the full-scale assault on this group (those seeking asylum or entering with a desire to return) who originate in countries not held in high esteem by the state. There are many such countries, stretching across many continents and hemispheres, but the emphasis is on Central America. This chapter examines how state-sanctioned violence targets the unauthorized and undermines their communities across the country.
Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Law enforcement and criminal justice are topics that can stand alone as separate chapters, but due to limited space they have been combined. They are two sides of the same coin. Connecting criminal justice and state violence is not difficult from an intellectual and empirical standpoint, with countless scholars, activists, and victims doing this. The long-term consequences are prodigious and multifaceted, as people of color increase numerically, including their youth population, justifying more extreme state measures. This chapter addresses topics social workers are well versed with and other subjects that bring a new or more nuanced perspective on state violence and the law. The classification of state violence provided in this book addresses the vast majority of acts of state violence. Death at the hands of the state, for example, is not limited to police encounters. One has only to examine death sentences to see dramatic racial disparities, reinforcing state willingness to exercise violence on people of color because they are expendable.
Military–Industrial Empire
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Viewing the military as a major state-sanctioned violence mechanism brings challenges, and not because of the absence of scholarly material or varied perspectives to craft an analysis. Rather, the challenge is how to narrow the scope and still do justice to the broadness of this subject. This chapter may well be the first time that readers have been exposed to the military in state-sanctioned violence, particularly when focused on people of color. Historical material gives context to state violence manifestation in the military–industrial complex and veterans, and a natural follow-up to the chapter on law enforcement and criminal justice. It may seem odd to include the military alongside subjects typically found within a state-sanctioned violence paradigm focused on cities and youth of color; although the military–industrial complex may have escaped attention in social work education, there are increasing numbers of veterans entering our profession. At first glance, it simply does not fit, but upon closer examination when viewing the military as (1) a prime source for recruiting police officers, (2) providing equipment meant for wars that find their way to the nation’s streets, (3) a system that relies on the young, (4) having a role in foreign conflicts causing population displacements, and (5) increasingly a source for recruits of color, it becomes worthy of attention. It is easy to view the military as its own separate category of state-sponsored violence with minimal interactions with other forms of state violence due to the enormity of its influence.
China’s Global Economic Interactions
Authors: Naughton Barry 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Since 2009–2010, China has developed a distinctive set of international economic policies that were by no means inevitable. These policies grew out of the unusual economic events that marked the first part of the twenty-first century—including the Global Financial Crisis (GFC)—and from the determination the Chinese leaders displayed thereafter to exert worldwide global economic influence. The broad policy orientation that grew from these forces can be best considered by examining two complex policy initiatives: renminbi internationalization and the Belt and Road Initiative. Each can be seen as a response to the surplus of domestic saving that emerged in the wake of sustained rapid economic growth, and they are to a certain extent competing strategies. The chapter also assesses China’s overall international economic position as of 2018. It concludes with some prognostications about the future of China’s position in the global economy.