bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between Norton scale gain and functional outcome among older hip fracture patients
Authors: Mizrahi Eliyahu H. , Lubart Emilia , Stambler Ilia , Adunsky Abraham 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThis study examines interrelations between gains of Norton Scale Score (NSS) and functional outcome measured by Functional Independence Measurement (FIM) among older hip fracture patients.DesignRetrospective study.MethodsWe examined 227 patients consecutively hospitalized in a geriatric postacute rehabilitation ward. The data were collected during 2012‐2017. Data were analysed using Student's t test, chi‐square test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression.ResultsPatients with positive NSS gains demonstrated statistically significant higher total FIM, motor FIM and total FIM gain scores at hospital discharge, compared with patients showing no NSS gains or negative NSS. Multiple regression analysis indicated that positive NSS gains were independently predictive for higher total FIM and motor FIM scores at hospital discharge and higher motor FIM gains at discharge.ConclusionOur results suggest that positive NSS gains are associated with higher FIM scores at hospital discharge and may assist in predicting the functional outcome of hospitalized older hip fracture patients.
Population Pharmacokinetic Study of Vancomycin in Chinese Pediatric Patients with Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Wang Huijuan , Huang Lingfei , Wang Junyan , Ni Yinghua , Zhu Zhengyi , Gao Peng , Hu Yan , Zhang Liwen , Yang Jufei , Fang Luo 
Published: October 2020

Study Objectives
Vancomycin is a primary antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections in children with malignant hematological disease. However, precise dosing of vancomycin is difficult in children because of high interindividual variability and limited data of pharmacokinetic profiles. The present study aims to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model for vancomycin in Chinese pediatric patients with hematological malignancies.
Design
This was a retrospective pharmacokinetic study.
Setting
The setting for this study was a tertiary‐care children's hospital.
Patients
This study included 92 pediatric patients with hematological malignancies who received vancomycin and experienced therapeutic drug monitoring from February 2017 to December 2018.
Measurements and Main Results
A PPK model was generated with a nonlinear mixed effects model. In addition, required doses to achieve target therapeutic concentrations were simulated based on the final model. A one‐compartment model with first‐order elimination fit the concentration data best. Actual body weight (BW) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were the significant influential factors on the clearance (CL) of vancomycin. The final PPK model for CL was CL (L/h) = 4.18 , K = , and the volume of distribution was 22.3 L. The model proved to be robust and reliable. Reference dosing regimens were proposed based on the final model.
Conclusions
A PPK model of vancomycin was established for Chinese pediatric patients with hematological malignancies using a nonlinear mixed effects model, which provided a reference for the clinical application of vancomycin.
Ligand binding and global adaptation of the GlnPQ substrate binding domain 2 revealed by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Kienlein Maximilian , Zacharias Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSubstrate‐binding domains (SBD) are important structural elements of substrate transporters mediating the transport of essential molecules across the cell membrane. The SBD2 domain of the glutamine (GLN) transporter from bacteria consists of two domains D1 and D2 that bind GLN in the space between the domains in a closed conformation. In the absence of ligand, SBD2 adopts an open conformation with increased domain distance. In molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in the absence of ligands, no closing of the open conformation was observed on the MD time scale. Addition of GLN resulted in several reversible binding and unbinding events of GLN at the binding site on the D1 domain but did not induce domain closing indicating that binding and global domain closing do not occur simultaneously. The SBD2 structure remained in a closed state when starting from the GLN‐bound closed crystal structure and opened quickly to reach the open state upon removal of the GLN ligand. Free energy simulations to induce opening to closing indicated a barrier for closing in the absence and presence of ligand and a significant penalty for closing without GLN in the binding pocket. Simulations of a Leu480Ala mutation also indicate that an interaction of a C‐terminal D1‐tail471‐484 with a D2‐helix418‐427 (not contacting the substrate‐binding region) plays a decisive role for controlling the barrier of conformational switching in the SBD2 protein. The results allow us to derive a model of the molecular mechanism of substrate binding to SBD2 and associated conformational changes.
Effects of Hypoxia on Habitat Quality of Reservoir Largemouth Bass, Saugeye, and White Crappie
Authors: Budnik Richard R. , Steinhart Geoffrey B. , Conroy Joseph D. , Dillon Rebecca A. , Zweifel Richard D. , Ludsin Stuart A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHypoxia induced by eutrophication and high summer temperatures is common in most Midwestern reservoirs, with uncertain effects on resident fishes. To evaluate the potential influence of low dissolved oxygen (DO) and high‐temperature conditions on habitat quality for three common sport fishes (Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, saugeye [Walleye Sander vitreus × Sauger S. canadensis], and White Crappie Pomoxis annularis), we used spatially explicit bioenergetics models to measure growth rate potential (GRP) in three Ohio reservoirs of varying productivity and size. Dissolved oxygen, temperature, and prey biomass data were collected throughout each study reservoir during August in 2015 or 2016, when temperature and hypoxia levels were expected to be at or near their peak. Growth rate potential was generally low in hypoxic bottom waters and higher in the epilimnion due to prey concentrating above the oxycline. The amount of high‐quality habitat (HQH; i.e., GRP > 0 g/g/d) always declined owing to hypoxia; however, the extent of the decline depended on the modeled species and reservoir. Among species, hypoxia‐induced losses of HQH were small, differing by less than 8% in each reservoir. Among‐reservoir differences in HQH were greater; reductions in HQH ranged from 31.3% to 42.5% among species in the reservoir with the lowest DO (mean ± SE = 2.7 ± 0.04 mg/L) and highest gape‐appropriate prey biomass (5.1 ± 0.07 to 5.3 ± 0.07 g/m3), whereas they varied by 0.3–0.6% in the reservoir with the highest DO (5.1 ± 0.07 mg/L) and lowest gape‐appropriate prey biomass (0.2 ± 0.004 to 0.6 ± 0.01 g/m3). Even so, the reservoir with the lowest mean DO (i.e., greatest hypoxic extent) had the highest mean GRP and percentage HQH owing to high prey biomass. Collectively, our findings indicate that bottom hypoxia can reduce sport fish habitat quality in temperate reservoirs, but high prey biomass may mitigate the negative effect of hypoxia.
Survival of Florida Largemouth Bass in a Coastal Refuge Habitat across Years of Varying Drying Severity
Authors: Pierce Jessica L. , Lauretta Matthew V. , Rezek Ryan J. , Rehage Jennifer S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn aquatic systems, refuge habitats increase resistance to drying events and maintain populations in disturbed environments. However, reduced water availability and altered flow regimes threaten the function of these habitats. We conducted a capture–mark–recapture study, integrating angler citizen science. Our objectives were to quantify variation in survival of Florida Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus in a coastal refuge habitat across seasonal hydrological periods and over 4 years of varying drying severity and to determine the contribution of angler sampling to improving capture probabilities. Apparent survival of Florida Largemouth Bass in the coastal Everglades was highest in wet and drying periods and lowest in dry and reflooding periods. Interannual survival was closely tied to the length of upstream marsh drying, with the lowest observed survival (0.21) during a drought year. The inclusion of angler sampling improved recapture probabilities, suggesting that angler data can supplement standardized electrofishing sampling. Findings show that during short drying events Florida Largemouth Bass survival can be relatively high, with implications for Everglades restoration. Understanding the ability of refuge habitats to buffer populations from drying disturbance is a key component for conservation and restoration, particularly under climate change scenarios.
The Impact of Cirrhosis on Pancreatic Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Schizas Dimitrios , Peppas Spyridon , Giannopoulos Stefanos , Lagopoulou Vasiliki , Mylonas Konstantinos S. , Giannopoulos Spyridon , Moris Dimitrios , Felekouras Evangelos , Toutouzas Konstantinos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCirrhosis has been considered a contraindication to major abdominal surgeries, due to increased risk for postoperative morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of pancreatectomy in cirrhotic versus non‐cirrhotic patients.MethodsThe present systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines. All meta‐analyses were performed using the random effects model.ResultsEight studies were eventually included, enrolling 1229 patients (cirrhotics: 722; and Child–Pugh A: 593; Child–Pugh B/C: 129) who underwent surgery for pancreatic cancer. The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 66% (51%–80%). Infections (26%) and ascites formation/worsening (23%) were the most common postoperative complications, followed by anastomotic leak/fistula (17%). Non‐cirrhotic patients were less likely to suffer from anastomotic leak/fistula (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.23–0.65) and infections (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.25–0.67). Postoperative mortality rate was statistically significantly lower in non‐cirrhotic versus cirrhotic patients (OR: 0.18; 95% CI:0.18–0.39). The odds ratios of 1 year (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.30–1.30), 2 year (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.25–1.83) and 3 year all‐cause mortality (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 20.03–2.99) were not significantly different between cirrhotic versus non‐cirrhotic patients.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that non‐cirrhotic patients were less likely to undergo any type of re‐intervention and had statistically significant lower postoperative mortality rates compared to patients with cirrhosis.
Phenotypic flexibility in heat production and heat loss in response to thermal and hydric acclimation in the zebra finch, a small arid-zone passerine
Authors: Wojciechowski Michał S. , Kowalczewska Anna , Colominas-Ciuró Roger , Jefimow Małgorzata 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo maintain constant body temperature (Tb) over a wide range of ambient temperatures (Ta) endothermic animals require large amounts of energy and water. In hot environments, the main threat to endothermic homeotherms is insufficient water to supply that necessary for thermoregulation. We investigated flexible adjustment of traits related to thermoregulation and water conservation during acclimation to hot conditions or restricted water availability, or both, in the zebra finch,Taeniopygia guttataa small arid-zone passerine. Using indirect calorimetry, we measured changes in whole animal metabolic rate (MR), evaporative heat loss (EHL) andTbbefore and after acclimation to 23 or 40 °C, with different availability of water. Additionally, we quantified changes in partitioning of EHL into respiratory and cutaneous avenues in birds exposed to 25 and 40 °C. In response to heat and water restriction zebra finches decreased MR, which together with unchanged EHL resulted in increased efficiency of evaporative heat loss. This facilitated more preciseTbregulation in heat-acclimated birds. Acclimation temperature and water availability had no effect on the partitioning of EHL into cutaneous or respiratory avenues. At 25 °C, cutaneous EHL accounted for ~ 60% of total EHL, while at 40 °C, its contribution decreased to ~ 20%. Consistent among-individual differences in MR and EHL suggest that these traits, provided that they are heritable, may be a subject to natural selection. We conclude that phenotypic flexibility in metabolic heat production associated with acclimation to hot, water-scarce conditions is crucial in response to changing environmental conditions, especially in the face of current and predicted climate change.
Measurement and rendering of complex non-diffuse and goniochromatic packaging materials
Authors: Sole Aditya , Guarnera Giuseppe Claudio , Farup Ivar , Nussbaum Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRealistic renderings of materials with complex optical properties, such as goniochromatism and non-diffuse reflection, are difficult to achieve. In the context of the print and packaging industries, accurate visualisation of the complex appearance of such materials is a challenge, both for communication and quality control. In this paper, we characterise the bidirectional reflectance of two homogeneous print samples displaying complex optical properties. We demonstrate that in-plane retro-reflective measurements from a single input photograph, along with genetic algorithm-based BRDF fitting, allow to estimate an optimal set of parameters for reflectance models, to use for rendering. While such a minimal set of measurements enables visually satisfactory renderings of the measured materials, we show that a few additional photographs lead to more accurate results, in particular, for samples with goniochromatic appearance.
New method for quantification of severity of isolated scaphocephaly linked to intracranial volume
Authors: Kronig Otto D. M. , Kronig Sophia A. J. , Van Adrichem Léon N. A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim is to implement Utrecht Cranial Shape Quantificator (UCSQ) for quantification of severity of scaphocephaly and compare UCSQ with the most used quantification method, cranial index (CI). Additionally, severity is linked to intracranial volume (ICV).

Methods
Sinusoid curves of 21 pre-operative children (age < 2 years) with isolated scaphocephaly were created. Variables of UCSQ (width of skull and maximum occiput and forehead) were combined to determine severity. CI was calculated. Three raters performed visual scoring for clinical severity (rating of 6 items; total score of 12 represents most severe form). Pearson’s correlation test was used for correlation between UCSQ and visual score and between both CIs. ICV was calculated using OsiriX. ICV was compared to normative values and correlated to severity.

Results
Mean UCSQ was 22.00 (2.00–42.00). Mean traditional CI was 66.01 (57.36–78.58), and mean visual score was 9.1 (7–12). Correlations between both traditional CI and CI of UCSQ and overall visual scores were moderate and high (r = − 0.59; p = 0.005 vs. r = − 0.81; p < 0.000). Mean ICV was 910 mL (671–1303), and ICV varied from decreased to increased compared to normative values. Negligible correlation was found between ICV and UCSQ (r = 0.26; p > 0.05) and between ICV and CI and visual score (r = − 0.30; p > 0.05 and r = 0.17; p > 0.05, respectively).

Conclusion
Our current advice is to use traditional CI in clinical practice; it is easy to use and minimally invasive. However, UCSQ is more precise and objective and captures whole skull shape. Therefore, UCSQ is preferable for research. Additionally, more severe scaphocephaly does not result in more deviant skull volumes.
Ultra-processed food consumption and risk of obesity: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank
Authors: Rauber Fernanda , Chang Kiara , Vamos Eszter P. , da Costa Louzada Maria Laura , Monteiro Carlos Augusto , Millett Christopher , Levy Renata Bertazzi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the associations between ultra-processed food consumption and risk of obesity among UK adults.MethodsParticipants aged 40–69 years at recruitment in the UK Biobank (2006–2019) with dietary intakes collected using 24-h recall and repeated measures of adiposity––body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage of body fat (% BF)––were included (N = 22,659; median follow-up: 5 years). Ultra-processed foods were identified using the NOVA classification and their consumption was expressed as a percentage of total energy intake. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of several indicators of obesity according to ultra-processed food consumption. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics.Results947 incident cases of overall obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 1900 incident cases of abdominal obesity (men: WC ≥ 102 cm, women: WC ≥ 88 cm) were identified during follow-up. Participants in the highest quartile of ultra-processed food consumption had significantly higher risk of developing overall obesity (HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.06─3.03) and abdominal obesity (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.14─1.48). They had higher risk of experiencing a ≥ 5% increase in BMI (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.20─1.43), WC (HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.25─1.45) and %BF (HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.03─1.25), than those in the lowest quartile of consumption.ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence that higher consumption of ultra-processed food is strongly associated with a higher risk of multiple indicators of obesity in the UK adult population. Policy makers should consider actions that promote consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods and reduce consumption of ultra-processed foods.
A derivation of Griffith functionals from discrete finite-difference models
Authors: Crismale Vito , Scilla Giovanni , Solombrino Francesco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe analyze a finite-difference approximation of a functional of Ambrosio–Tortorelli type in brittle fracture, in the discrete-to-continuum limit. In a suitable regime between the competing scales, namely if the discretization step$$\delta $$δis smaller than the ellipticity parameter$$\varepsilon $$ε, we show the$$\varGamma $$Γ-convergence of the model to the Griffith functional, containing only a term enforcing Dirichlet boundary conditions and no$$L^p$$Lpfidelity term. Restricting to two dimensions, we also address the case in which a (linearized) constraint of non-interpenetration of matter is added in the limit functional, in the spirit of a recent work by Chambolle, Conti and Francfort.
Toward error estimates for general space-time discretizations of the advection equation
Authors: Gander Martin J. , Lunet Thibaut 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe develop new error estimates for the one-dimensional advection equation, considering general space-time discretization schemes based on Runge–Kutta methods and finite difference discretizations. We then derive conditions on the number of points per wavelength for a given error tolerance from these new estimates. Our analysis also shows the existence of synergistic space-time discretization methods that permit to gain one order of accuracy at a given CFL number. Our new error estimates can be used to analyze the choice of space-time discretizations considered when testing Parallel-in-Time methods.
Farmers’ perception and reasons for practicing farmer managed natural regeneration in Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Kibru Tigist , Husseini Rikiatu , Birhane Emiru , Haggar Jeremy , Solomon Negasi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFarmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) is a rapid, low cost and easily replicated approach to restore and improve degraded agricultural, forest and pasture lands. The study was conducted in low (500–1500 m.a.s.l) and mid (1500–2300 m.a.s.l) altitude agro-ecologies of Tigray region assessing farmer’s perception and reasons to practice FMNR. Purposive sampling was used to select three peasant associations (PA’s) from each agro-ecology. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents from household heads practicing FMNR. There were 15 respondents from each PA. Total respondents used for the study in both agro-ecologies were 90. All the data required for the study was collected through in-depth household survey and group discussions. Forty two percent (42.2%) of the respondents had 21–30 years of FMNR experience. Seventeen percent of the respondents with FMNR experience were from lowland and 26% were from mid land agro-ecology. FMNR has been practiced for more than two decades in the study areas. In both low and midland agro-ecologies, motivation of the respondents to practice FMNR was the training received from expert’s (37.1%) and neighbors’ success (29.2%). In the lowland, respondent’s main purpose to practice FMNR was fuel wood and fruit collection (49%) while in the midland the objectives were for fuel wood (50%), soil conservation (47%) and fodder (47%). FMNR has enormous importance in the livelihoods of the rural people especially in providing fuel wood, food/fruits, construction materials and farm equipment.
Characterizing NTU-bankruptcy rules using bargaining axioms
Authors: Dietzenbacher Bas , Peters Hans 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper takes an axiomatic bargaining approach to bankruptcy problems with nontransferable utility, by using properties from bargaining theory in order to characterize bankruptcy rules. In particular, we derive new axiomatic characterizations of the proportional rule, the truncated proportional rule, and the constrained relative equal awards rule, using properties which concern changes in the estate or in the claims.
CUT&RUN detects distinct DNA footprints of RNA polymerase II near the transcription start sites
Authors: Miura Michi , Chen Honglin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCUT&RUN is a powerful tool to study protein-DNA interactions in vivo. DNA fragments cleaved by the targeted micrococcal nuclease identify the footprints of DNA-binding proteins on the chromatin. We performed CUT&RUN on human lung carcinoma cell line A549 maintained in a multi-well cell culture plate to profile RNA polymerase II. Long (> 270 bp) DNA fragments released by CUT&RUN corresponded to the bimodal peak around the transcription start sites, as previously seen with chromatin immunoprecipitation. However, we found that short (< 120 bp) fragments identify a well-defined peak localised at the transcription start sites. This distinct DNA footprint of short fragments, which constituted only about 5% of the total reads, suggests the transient positioning of RNA polymerase II before promoter-proximal pausing, which has not been detected in the physiological settings by standard chromatin immunoprecipitation. We showed that the positioning of the large-size-class DNA footprints around the short-fragment peak was associated with the directionality of transcription, demonstrating the biological significance of distinct CUT&RUN footprints of RNA polymerase II.
Unphysical Critical Curves of Binary Mixtures Predicted with GERG Models
Authors: Deiters Ulrich K. , Bell Ian H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhen applied to asymmetric binary mixtures (e.g., methane + pentane or heavier alkanes, hydrogen-containing mixtures), the GERG equation of state (GERG-2004 or GERG-2008) predicts critical curves with physically unreasonable temperature maxima above the critical temperature of the heavier component. These maxima are associated with physically impossible vapor–liquid equilibria. The phenomenon is probably caused by corrections for critical anomalies that were built into the empirical pure-fluid equations of state forming the foundation of the GERG model. These corrections ensure that the model represents thermodynamic data of pure fluids quite well even close to their critical points. For mixtures, however, the corrections can cause artifacts.