bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negara Modern, dan Utopia Negara Khilafah(?)
Authors: Setiawan Tomi , Risnandar Asep 
Published: July 2020

Tulisan ini merupakan suatu studi literatur atas konsep khilafah dengan mengkontekstualisasikan pada perkembangan negara modern. Konsep negara modern seperti yang sering dijadikan rujukan para akademisi saat ini lebih sering menggunakan konsepsi yang dibangun dalam peradaban barat terhadap proses bernegara. Metode yang digunakan pada penulisan naskah ini adalah studi literatur. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa meski terdapat perbedaan yang fundamental antara khilafah dan negara modern, akan tetapi secara konseptual khilafah mencerminkan tatanan kenegaraan yang juga terbingkai oleh konsep negara modern. Kemudian, fondasi epistemologi yang berteologi tampak dengan jelas pada QS 24:55 bahwa kehilafahan akan diberikan kepada kaum muslim dengan melandaskan pada kedaulatan Tuhan. Dalam praktik ketatanegaraan khilafah sesungguhnya terbingkai dalam konsepsi negara modern saat ini. Sedikit yang membedakan tetapi fundamental adalah, bahwa khilafah sepenuhnya mendasarkan tatanan kenegaraannya pada pijakan kebenaran teologis. Dan pada kesimpulannya dapat dinyatakan bahwa, konsepsi khilafah dalam kajian kontemporer bukanlah sesuatu yang utopis. Kemudian konsepsi khilafah yang mendasarkan pada peradaban islam harus terus diwacanakan untuk menantang negara modern yang mengacu pada peradaban barat yang selama ini lebih sering dijadikan rujukan para akademisi kontemporer.
This paper is a literature study of the concept of khilafah by contextualizing the development of a modern state. The concept of a modern state as often used as a reference for academics today more often uses the conception that was built in western civilization towards the process of the state. The method used in writing this script is the literature study. The results of the study show that although there are fundamental differences between the khilafah and the modern state, conceptually khilafah reflects the state order which is also framed by the concept of a modern state. Then, the epistemological foundation that has theology appears clearly in Quran Surah 24:55 that morality will be given to Muslims based on God's sovereignty. In the practice of khilafah constitutionalism is actually framed in the conception of the modern state today. A little that distinguishes but is fundamental is that khilafah fully bases its state order on the foundation of theological truth. And in its conclusion it can be stated that, the concept of khilafah in contemporary studies is not something utopian. Then the concept of khilafah based on Islamic civilization must continue to be discourse to challenge the modern state which refers to western civilization which has been used as a reference for contemporary academics.
Upper respiratory tract infection and otitis media are clinically and microbiologically associated
Authors: Hassooni Hanan Raheem , Fadhil Samih Faiq , Hameed Raed M. , Alhusseiny Adil Hassan , Ali Jadoo Saad Ahmed 
Published: July 2020

Background: Although significant improvement has been achieved in terms of antibiotic care, otitis media (OM) continues to be a worldwide health problem that may develop serious complications. This study aimed to detect the growth of organisms and to find out the most susceptible factors related to OM among the Iraqi population.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the out-patient department (OPD) of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) at the Baquba teaching hospital at the Faculty of medicine, Diyala University from November 2017 to March 2018. A total of 300 ear samples collected from 87 (29.0%) patients of acute otitis media (AOM), 104 (34.7%) patients of otitis media with effusion (OME), and 109 (36.3%) patients of chronic otitis media (COM). Standard microbiological procedures were recruited to investigate the samples using aerobic and anaerobic culture methods.
Results: The highest incidence of OM 218 (72.7%) was observed among the age group of fewer than ten years old. The most common bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (25.0%), Proteus spp. (24.0%), Escherichia coli (7.0%), Streptococcus pneumonia (6.0%), Klebsiella pneumonia (2.0%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (1.0%). It was found that upper respiratory infection (URTI), adenoid inflammation with (URTI), adenoid inflammation, the practices of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and the accident or trauma are the main factors related to OM in about (42.0%), (31.0%), (11.0%), (10.0%) and (6.0%) of cases respectively.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that OM was effectively related to URTI and adenoid inflammation with (URTI) in about 73.0% of cases. More attention should be given to early diagnosis and treatment of URTI before progressing to undesirable OM.
Workplace violence against medical students- A Turkish perspective
Authors: Ince Alperen , Torun Perihan , Ali Jadoo Saad Ahmed 
Published: July 2020

Background: Workplace violence against healthcare providers including the medical students being an important issue all over the world. The aim of this study is to survey the medical students about exposure to workplace violence (WPV) while they are doing their medical training in private tertiary hospitals.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among all medical students (4th, 5th, and 6th class) attending a teaching hospital at Bezmialem Vakif University (BVU), Istanbul, Turkey. A total of 150 students in the 2017-2018 academic year were recruited in this study. Data were collected using a modified questionnaire through a face to face interview. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.
Results: About one-third of the surveyed students (54, 36.0%) exposed to violence and 71.3% of them witnessed incidents of violence against healthcare providers at the workplace. The prevalence of physical violence and verbal abuse among medical students was reported at 5.5% and 92.6% respectively. About 81.5% were females compared to 18.5% of their counterparts. Patients (38.9%) and their relatives (61.1%) were the main sources of the violence respectively. More than half (57.0%) of students exposed to violence at outpatient services and 25.9% at the emergency room and 16.7% at inpatient wards. Few of them (22, 14.7%) thought that they will get support if they make a complaint.
Conclusion: Being a medical student and has direct contact with patients and their relative is not always safe practice. Our results suggested a high prevalence of verbal and physical abuse against medical students. Health sector authorities should adopt a restrictive and clear strategy to protect medical students and other healthcare providers.
Detection of human adenovirus 40/41 among children with some hematological disorders
Authors: Ali Alyaa Younis , Hussein Areej Atiyah , Mahmood Najdat Shukur 
Published: July 2020

Background: Different parts of the world are witnessing a significant increase in the prevalence of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) diarrhea among children. This study aimed to assess the prevalence rate of HAdVs type 40 and type 41 (40/41) infections in children with diarrhea and to assess the relationship between viral infection and different socio-demographic and clinical parameters.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was recruited to analyze a convenient sample of children presented with diarrhea. Data was collected from 8th August 2018 till 6th July 2019 at Al-Batool teaching hospital for gynecology and pediatrics in Baquba city, Center of hematology in Baquba city, and the Central teaching hospital of pediatric in Baghdad. Depending on the clinical examination, patients categorized into four groups; Group I with acute diarrhea, Group II with iron deficiency anemia and diarrhea, Group III with thalassemia and diarrhea, and Group IV with leukemia and diarrhea. Each patient gave one stool sample stored in a deep freeze at -20 ̊C for further analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic test used to test the samples.
Results: A total of 184 children aged one month to fifteen years have been included in this study. More than half (97, 52.7%) of children were males. The prevalence rate of HAdVs 40/41 was 4.34%. Patients in the age group ranged from one month to five years, G IV (leukemia and diarrhea), male gender, low educated mothers, and those who changed to spoon feeder are more likely to have a high prevalence of diarrhea due to HAdVs 40/41. The most top clinical sign was fever (7, 87.5%), and the lowest was the loss weight (1, 12.5%), however vomiting, abdominal pain, and dehydration seen among at least three cases.
Conclusion: Human adenovirus 40/41 appeared to play a significant role causing acute gastroenteritis among children with leukemia and less than five years old.
Role of Mexican Clay Soils on Corrosiveness and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Low-Carbon Pipeline Steels: A Case Study
Authors: Contreras A. , Quej L.M. , Liu H.B. , Alamilla J.L. , Sosa E. 
Published: July 2020

This work analyzed the physicochemical effect of different types of Mexican clay soils on corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior in contact with X60 and X65 steels. Four soils were obtained from the right of way land in southern Mexico at 1.5 m depth close to pipelines. Two soils were from the state of Oaxaca (SO1 and SO2), and two others from the state of Veracruz (SV1 and SV2). Physicochemical and textural analysis of soils was performed and correlated to SCC susceptibility and corrosion mechanism. It was observed that soil texture might be related to corrosivity. A texture index (ratio between sand and silt + clay), which was seen to have a relationship with the corrosive tendency of soils, was estimated. It showed that soil with a higher index (SV1) has a higher corrosion rate. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization curves were performed and correlated to the corrosion rate and the SCC susceptibility of steels. Steels exposed to SV1 soil exhibited a higher corrosion rate related to a higher content of chlorides and acid pH than those seen in other soils, which resulted in the pitting of such steels. Two types of corrosion were observed. Soils from SV1 and SV2 generated pitting, and soils from SO1 and SO2 produced general corrosion. Inclusions caused pitting in the gauge section of X60 and X65 steels exposed to SV1 soil by anodic dissolution. Galvanic coupling between inclusions and the base metal and dissolution of the inclusions might have enhanced the nucleation of pits at these sites. SCC susceptibility was evaluated using slow strain rate tests (SSRT). After SSRT, the fracture surfaces were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy. The SCC index obtained from SSRT indicates that X60 and X65 steels exhibited good resistance to SCC. A highly corrosive soil, such as SV1, causes the formation of pits instead of cracks, which is attributed to the dissolution process; however, lower SCC indexes were obtained for this system. The higher corrosion resistance of X60 steel is related to a more homogenous microstructure and a higher content of elements, such as Ni and Cr, than those of X65 steel that decrease the corrosion rate.
Veinte microrelatos
Authors: Ferrater Lambarri Carlos , Peñín Llobell Alberto , Obiol Cordon Cecilia 
Published: July 2020

La paradoja de la arquitectura es también la multiplicidad de sus razones. Palimpsesto les ha prestado atención a través de sus distintas secciones, como reflejamos en el acto celebrado en la ETSAB el 17 de diciembre de 2019 con motivo de la efeméride del número 20, con Oriol Bohígas y Federico Correa como testigos y protagonistas. Se trata de 20 microrelatos surgidos de un crisol de aportaciones a lo largo de la trayectoria de la revista que fotografían el presente y futuro de la Escuela de Arquitectura de Barcelona, de la mano de Ariadna Perich, Jaume Prat, Elena Fernández, Albert Albareda, Olga Felip, Pau Sarquella, Estel Ortega, Francisco González de Canales, Eva Prats, Jorge Vidal, Carolina García, Ricardo Devesa, Stel.la Rahola, Josep Ferrando, Maria Alejandra Vilanova, Carles Crossas, Anna i Eugeni Bach, Ferran Grau, Mara Partida y Roger Such.
The paradox of architecture is also the multiplicity of its reasons. Palimpsesto has paid attention to them through its different sections, as reflected in the event held at the ETSAB on December 17, 2019 on the occasion of the 20th anniversary, with Oriol Bohígas and Federico Correa as witnesses and protagonists.
Los nuevos lugares de la colectividad: los espacios de consumo y ocio
Authors: Bento Pedro 
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo está centrado en el impacto producido por los
centros comerciales urbanos y otros artefactos arquitectónicos de ocio
y consumo en su entorno próximo. Al contrario del discurso corriente
y más mediatizado, se defiende la idea de que algunas veces estos
objetos tienen un impacto tremendamente positivo en la renovación
del espacio urbano contemporáneo, generando nueva edificación,
mejoras en el espacio público y un incremento sustancial de la actividad
económica existente.
This article focuses on the impact produced by urban shopping
centers and other architectural artifacts of leisure and
consumption in its immediate environment. Unlike the current
discourse and the media, the author defends the idea that
sometimes these objects have a tremendously positive impact on
the renewal of contemporary urban space, creating new
buildings, improving public space and a substantial increase of
existing economic activity.
Refer la Barcelona dels barris metropolitans
Authors: Martínez David 
Published: July 2020

Des del punt de vista urbanístic la ciutat de Barcelona planteja un conjunt de
reptes futurs que podrien agrupar-se en tres estratègies o línies d’actuació –reciclar,
recosir i reservar- les cuals es projectarien sobre una doble dimensió de
barri i metròpoli. El reciclatge urbà és presenta com una acció imprescindible
quan ens referim a estructures velles com els cascs antics, els eixos històrics o
la millora del parc d’habitatges massiu de l’època del desarrollisme. El recosit
urbà apuntaria un conjunt d’actuacions bolcades sobre el completament de
les xarxes de transport, els espais nodals propis de les infraestructures, o els
àmbits que a escala metropolitana s’han caracteritzat per ser llocs de pas i
necessiten revisar la seva potencialitat per articular millor el territori metropolità.
La reserva d’alguns espais estratègics tindria objectius, com ara posar
en valor els usos productius de les bosses industrials, i el potencial mediambiental
i cultural dels grans buits presents a la ciutat consolidada.
From a planning point of view, Barcelona and its surroundings presents a set of
future challenges that could be grouped into three action strategies - recycling,
sewing and reservation - which are projected onto two dimensions, neighborhood
and metropolis. Recycling is presented as a necessary action when it comes to old
structures such as Old Town, the historic areas and the improvement and update
of mass housing. Repairing would suggest a set of actions focusing on transport
networks, nodal areas and infrastructure, as well as metropolitan scale areas that
have been places traditionally needing review with great potentialities to improve
the articulation of the metropolitan area. Reservation of certain strategic areas
has the objective to highlight the productive reuse of old industrial areas, and also
revalue cultural and environmental potential of large voids in the consolidated
city
Preservar lo intangible: el caso de los polígonos de Casas Baratas de Barcelona
Authors: Noguer Pujadas Núria , Sotoca García Adolfo 
Published: July 2020

La actual transformación del barrio de las casas baratas del Bon Pastor constituye
uno más de los múltiples procesos de renovación urbana que han suscitado
un polémico debate en la ciudad de Barcelona. La dialéctica entre
mejora urbana y preservación del patrimonio (físico, histórico y social) se
encuentra en el fondo del debate. Los argumentos a favor de la protección del
patrimonio físico se han basado frecuentemente en la singularidad arquitectónica
o en el valor tipológico de tejidos. En los polígonos de Casas Baratas
en Barcelona, la preservación no puede defenderse desde la atención a los
objetos arquitectónicos singulares. Los barrios de Casas Baratas constituyen,
sin embargo, conjuntos de gran valor desde el punto de vista tipológico: su
morfología urbana, además de ser testimonio vivo de un momento histórico,
ha propiciado usos sociales del espacio público muy particulares. Este escrito
argumenta a favor de su valorización morfológica. Y lo hace describiendo su
encaje en los tres procesos de transformación ya culminados, con el objetivo
de obtener criterios para intervenciones futuras en las que actualización y
preservación no sean necesariamente excluyentes.
The ongoing urban renewal of “Casas Baratas” of Bon Pastor is one of the several
processes of transformation that have raised a controversial debate in the city
of Barcelona. The dialectic between urban renewal and heritage preservations
(physical, historical and social) is in the very core of the debate. The reasons to preserve the physical heritage have been often based on the architectural uniqueness
or the typological value of urban fabric. In the “Casas Baratas” states of Barcelona, preservation cannot be defended for having singular architecture; however,
from a typological point of view, they constitute very interesting urban fragments.
Besides their great value as living heritage of a certain historic period of social
housing in Barcelona, their particular morphology stimulated specific social uses
of public space. This paper states their morphological value. And, by analysing the
completed urban renewal processes, we aim to infer criteria for future interventions where renewal and preservation won’t be necessarily incompatible
La reconquista urbana del espacio de proximidad: los patios interiores en el Eixample de Barcelona
Authors: Pazos Ortega Teresa 
Published: July 2020

En este artículo se exponen algunas conclusiones del estudio de la funcionalidad
de los patios interiores públicos del Eixample de Barcelona, nueva tipología de espacio
libre. Se llevó a cabo la observación directa del uso de ciertos patios concretos
que sirvieron como modelo para comparar la variedad de comportamientos
según los distintos tipos seleccionados, funcionalidad del espacio, intensidad de
uso, actividades desarrolladas, relación entre sí y con otros elementos urbanos y
tipo de usuarios. La información se complementó con encuestas de opinión sobre
hábitos de uso y preferencias. Los resultados aportan información útil a la hora de
crear nuevos espacios y mantener, con actividad, los que ya existen. Confirman
la funcionalidad de los patios y su gran utilidad dentro de la trama urbana. El
esfuerzo llevado a cabo por el ayuntamiento tanto económico como en gestión
merece la pena y debe seguir haciéndose: los beneficios son mayores a las cargas.
This paper applies an approach to the use and adaptability of the courtyards or interior open spaces (IOS) of Barcelona’s Eixample city blocks. A number of city block
IOS were selected as models to asses, via direct observation, their functionality within
the general system of open spaces. The objective was to evaluate the functionality of the
spaces, intensity of use, developed activities, relationship with other IOS and external urban elements, as well as users’ profiles and behaviours. Direct observation was
completed with qualitative surveys to find out attitudes, purposes and preferences of
regular users. The results provide useful information for the design of new IOS and
the maintenance of current ones. They also confirm that the efforts made by the City
Council both economically and management are worthwhile and should continue to
be made: the benefits outweigh the burdens
Centros Integralmente Planeados (CIPS) en México: el proyecto turístico del FONATUR
Authors: Dávila López Arturo 
Published: July 2020

México es actualmente, uno de los pocos países del mundo que proyecta el turismo desde el Estado. Para cumplir esta función creó el Fondo Nacional de Fomento al Turismo (FONATUR), que planificó y desarrolló (entre 1974 y
1984) cinco enclaves turísticos de costa a lo largo del país, apostando por el turismo de sol y playa como reactivador económico. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis e interpretación de sus cinco proyectos iniciales desde su morfología y estructura, preguntándose, además, por su relación con el soporte físico-natural.
Las conclusiones apuntan a que los proyectos se conforman por piezas claramente identificables y repetitivas, y que se adaptan a las características de cada entorno.
México is currently one of the few countries in the world that develops tourism projects
from the State itself. To carry out this function was created in 1974 the National
Trust Fund for Tourism Development (FONATUR), who planned and developed
(between 1974 and 1984) five tourist coastal sites along the country, betting on sun
and beach tourism as economic activator. The present work focuses in the analysis and
interpretation of its five initial projects, delving into its gestation and, in particular,
in its morphology and structure; and wondering, in addition, about its relationship
with the physical and natural support. The conclusions points out that the projects
are made of clearly identifiable and reproducible packets that are adapted to the
characteristics of each environment.
Estaciones termales europees: entre la ciudad y el territorio
Authors: Batalla Farré Mònica 
Published: July 2020

La singularidad del territorio termal con ere a las estaciones termales unas cualidades especiales y las convierte en enclaves atractivos a lo largo de la historia. Algunos balnearios europeos fueron grandes atractores turísticos durante el siglo XIX. En consecuencia, importantes desarrollos arquitectónicos y urbanísticos se llevaron a cabo en ellos. Determinadas piezas especí cas de estas ciudades balneario, a menudo ubicadas en el límite entre la ciudad y el territorio, fueron claves para dichos desarrollos y dan las pautas para entender la estructura urbana de aquellas ciudades y la relación con su territorio y paisaje.
The uniqueness of the thermal territory gives to the thermal towns special qualities
and turns them into attractive enclaves throughout history. Some European spa
towns were strong tourism attractors during the 19th century. Accordingly, great
architectural and urban developments were implemented on them. Some pieces of
these spa towns, often located at the boundary between the city and the territory,
are key to these developments and give guidelines for understanding the urban
structure of these cities and the relationship with its territory and landscape.