bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENCES IN RADIOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS ON STANDING VERSUS SUPINE PELVIC RADIOGRAPHS
Authors: Spiker Andrea M. , Graf Ryan M. , Duminie Sean P. , Kliethermes Stephanie A. , Goodspeed David C. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Accurate pelvic radiographic measurements is of clear clinical importance, as these measurements can drive the indications for surgery, the surgical approach utilized, and/or the degree of correction during hip preservation surgery. Currently, there are a large number of measurements available and reported on the literature when referencing anterior-posterior (AP) pelvic radiographs. However, there is no standardization of whether these pelvic radiographs are obtained in the standing or supine position. Hypothesis/Purpose: Standing vs. Supine radiographs, obtained in the same patient, will result in different value for standard radiographic measurements used in making hip pathology diagnoses. Methods: All new patients who presented for evaluation of hip pain between September 2016 and July 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria included age 18-50, no prior hip surgery/injury, and both standing and supine AP pelvis radiographs dated within 2 years of each other. Measurements were obtained on 26 radiographs (52 hips), blinded to patient demographics and standing versus supine radiograph. Measurements included minimum joint space, lateral center edge angle (LCEA), acetabular depth, acetabular inclination, Tönnis Grade, crossover sign, posterior wall sign, ischial spine sign. Results: Standing films resulted in significantly lower LCEA and acetabular depth measurements, and higher acetabular inclination. Supine measurements for crossover sign were 5.69 times more likely to be positive than standing measurements. Similarly, supine measurements for ischial spine were 7.93 times more likely to be positive (see Table 1). Conclusion: Based on our study, supine films are almost 6 times more likely to give a positive crossover sign and almost 8 times more likely to give a positive ischial spine sign than a standing film in the same patient. Additionally, LCEA, acetabular depth will be lower and acetabular inclination will be higher on standing films. As such, our recommendation is to obtain standing AP pelvis radiographs to obtain the most accurate pelvic radiographic measurements in hip preservation patients. Tables: [Table: see text]
COST-EFFECTIVENESS FOR RETURN-TO-PLAY (RTP) PROGRAMS AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: DeFrancesco Christopher , Lebrun Drake , Molony Joseph , Fabricant Peter D. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a common injury in young athletes. Safe return-to-play (RTP, i.e. sports competition) is important to patient satisfaction, and appropriate criteria for RTP may reduce the risk of graft injury. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive RTP rehabilitation protocol relative to standard post-ACL reconstruction rehabilitation. Methods: A decision-analysis model was utilized to compare standard rehabilitation with an RTP program which included supplemental neuromuscular retraining, functional testing, and clinical follow-up. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated from a payer perspective. Costs of surgical procedures and rehabilitation protocols, risks of ipsilateral graft rupture and contralateral ACL injury, risk reductions due to the RTP program, and relevant utilities based on International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) outcomes were derived from the available literature. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of <$100,000/QALY was used to determine cost-effectiveness. Sensitivity analyses were performed on pertinent model parameters to measure their effect on base-case conclusions. In the base-case analysis, the cost of an RTP program was conservatively assumed to be $1,721 more than the standard rehabilitation protocol. The relative risk of ACL graft rupture following completion of the RTP program was assumed to be 0.75 (25% reduction). Results: In the base-case analysis, the RTP program was cost-effective compared with the standard rehabilitation protocol (ICER $54,939/QALY). Based on one-way threshold analyses, the RTP program was cost-effective as long as the additional cost was <$2,092 or the RTP program decreased the incidence of graft rupture by >7.7%. Conclusion: Our data suggests that, assuming modest associated decreases in graft failure, the addition of neuromuscular retraining, functional testing, and clinical follow-up to a formal rehabilitation program is cost-effective. The cost-effectiveness of such additions is related to the costs as well as any associated decreases in subsequent event risk, as shown in Figure 1. Figures: [Figure: see text]
IMPAIRED EYE TRACKING IS ASSOCIATED WITH SYMPTOMS BUT NOT DYNAMIC POSTURAL CONTROL IN ADOLESCENTS FOLLOWING CONCUSSION
Authors: Oldham Jessie R. , Meehan III William P. , Howell David R. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Visual impairments are common following concussion, and vision tests are recommended as part of a comprehensive clinical concussion evaluation. Persistent symptoms from vision disturbances can delay recovery and earlier detection may reduce symptom burden. Further, while gait-related deficits were reported among adolescents with abnormal near point of convergence following concussion, further research is needed to understand gait performance among those with impaired eye tracking abilities. Hypothesis/Purpose: Our purposes were to: 1) examine the relationship between self-reported symptoms and concussion-related visual impairments; and 2) compare single-task and dual-task gait speed between concussed adolescents with and without abnormal visual tracking abilities, to healthy controls. Methods: Thirty concussed participants and thirty healthy controls (Table 1) completed an eye tracking assessment during which they watched a brief (220s) video clip. The video clip moved in a clockwise direction around the screen while pupil positions were measured with an objective eye tracker to create a box trajectory of each eye movement. The eye tracking dependent variable (BOX score) was a binary classifier with <10 being classified as normal and ≥10 abnormal. Symptoms were collected using the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), and gait speed was measured with three triaxial accelerometers placed on the dorsal side of each foot and L5. Participants walked along a 10-m walkway, turned, and returned to the starting point at a self-selected pace. During dual-task trials, participants simultaneously answered cognitive questions (spelling backwards, serial 6s or 7s, reciting months backwards) while walking. We conducted a linear regression to examine the relationship between PCSS and BOX scores and a two-way mixed effects analysis of variance followed by a Tukey post-hoc to examine the effect of group (abnormal BOX, normal BOX, and healthy control) on single and dual-task gait speed. Results: There was a significant association between total PCSS score and BOX score (Figure 1). There were no significant differences in single-task or dual-task gait speed between the groups. (Figure 2) Conclusion: There appears to be a positive relationship between total PCSS score and BOX score, and the concussed group with impaired eye tracking reported the highest symptom scores. However, the sample size of the impaired group was small, which warrants future research. While not statistically significant, the slower single and dual-task gait speeds in those with abnormal BOX scores may still be clinically relevant, as gait-related impairments have been shown to persist far beyond clinical recovery. [Table: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]
FAIR PLAY AS AN INJURY PREVENTION INTERVENTION: DO YELLOW CARD ACCUMULATION POLICIES REDUCE HIGH SCHOOL SOCCER INJURIES?
Authors: Kriz Peter K. , Yang Jingzhen , Arakkal Alan , Keeley Timothy , Comstock R. Dawn 
Published: April 2020

Background: Pediatric sports-related injuries are common, yet prevention efforts too often go unevaluated. Collins et al. studied nine U.S. high school (HS) sports during 2005/06-2006/07, finding boys’ and girls’ soccer had the highest injury rates related to illegal activity. Several states have implemented yellow card accumulation policies (YCPs) in an effort to prevent injuries. Hypothesis/Purpose: Purpose: Evaluate the effectiveness of YCPs in reducing HS soccer competition injuries by comparing injury rates and patterns in states with and without YCPs. Hypotheses: Athlete-athlete contact injury rates are lower in states with YCPs Severe injuries (concussion, fracture, ACL, injury requiring surgery, injury resulting in > 3 weeks’ time loss) are less prevalent in states with YCPs Gender differences influence the effectiveness of YCPs Methods: Retrospective cohort study of NHFS member state association HS soccer players injured during competition in 2005/06-2017/18. Athlete exposure (AEs) and injury data collected from a national sports injury surveillance system, High School RIO. Poisson regression assessed the effects of YCPs on injury rates and patterns. Results: Of 50 NFHS member states associations, high schools from 47 were represented. Overall, 901 athlete-athlete contact injuries occurred during 352,775 competition AEs in states with YCPs and 3,525 during 1,459,708 AEs in states without YCPs. There was no significant difference in overall contact injury rates (rate ratio [RR] 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1.14) between schools in states with and without YCPs. A small, significant increase in overall contact injury rates was discernable after states’ adoption of YCPs (RR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.34), particularly in boys’ soccer (RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.08-1.62). A significantly lower proportion of injuries resulting in > 3 weeks’ time loss occurred in states with YCPs (injury proportion ratio [IPR] 0.81; p=0.047), while other severe injuries did not differ. There were no significant differences in YCPs’ effect by gender (p=0.319). Conclusion: Among HS boys’ and girls’ soccer players, playing in states with YCPs did not lower athlete-athlete contact injury rates, although injuries resulting in > 3 weeks’ time loss were less prevalent in states with YCPs. Athlete-athlete contact injury rates were slightly higher in states following adoption of YCPs, particularly in boys’ soccer. Enactment of YCPs alone, without proper enforcement, may not be a sufficient injury prevention strategy. Further studies assessing the impact of HS soccer YCPs need to consider the effects of state level YCP enforcement, documented illegal activity/foul play, and Fair Play education. Tables/Figures: [Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text]
DELAY IN DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ADOLESCENT ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES IN A PUBLICLY FUNDED HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Authors: Leveille Lise A. , Ladner Tessa V. , Sidhu Pardeep , Reilly Christopher W. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Delay to surgical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction after injury has been associated with increased frequency and severity of meniscal and articular cartilage pathology. Patient factors that contribute to delayed ACL reconstruction are not well understood. Hypothesis/Purpose: Identify patient factors contributing to delayed ACL reconstruction in a publicly funded healthcare system. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who had a primary ACL reconstruction at a single institution between 2014 and 2018 was completed. Patient demographic data, side, history of physical therapy, and intraoperative status of the meniscus and articular cartilage were collected. Household income was determined based on federal census data of mean household income by postal code. Time from injury to orthopedic referral (W0), consult (W1), and ACL reconstruction (W2) was calculated. A logistic regression model was constructed to determine the impact of household income, age, and sex on W0, W1, and W2. Results: Eighty-three patients were identified with a mean age of 14 years (range, 9-17). Twenty-eight patients were male (33.7%). Mean time from injury to orthopedic consult was 124 days (range, 0-1096). Mean time from injury to reconstruction was 286 days (range, 51-1623). Eleven patients (13%) had ligament reconstruction within 90 days of injury. Fifty-three patients (63.8%) had meniscal or articular cartilage damage at the time of ACL reconstruction. There was no significant effect of patient sex, age, or history of physical therapy on time to ACL reconstruction. Household income was found to have a significant effect on time to ACL reconstruction. For every $10,000.00 increase in household income, time to reconstruction was reduced by 19%. Using median time to reconstruction (223 days), this represents a decrease of 42 days. Household income only had an effect on W0 with a decrease of 38.4% for every $10,000.00 incremental increase in household income. No association was found between time to ACL reconstruction and odds of meniscal or articular cartilage damage. Conclusion: At a pediatric tertiary care hospital in a public health care system, most adolescent patients are having their ACL reconstructed in a delayed fashion contributing to an increased frequency of intra-articular pathology. Increase in household income was associated with a significant decrease in time to orthopaedic referral. There was no difference in wait time for consultation (W1) or wait time for surgery (W2). Further research is needed to determine specific factors causing this discrepancy in access to healthcare within a publicly funded system.
INFLUENCE OF PREVENTIVE TRAINING PROGRAM FEEDBACK COMPLEXITY ON ATHLETE INJURY RISK
Authors: Root Hayley J , Bay R Curtis , DiStefano Lindsay J 
Published: April 2020

Background: Preventive training programs (PTPs) reduce injury risk in youth athletes. Corrective verbal feedback is an integral component of PTP implementation; however, too many cues delivered at once may be too complicated for youth athletes. PTPs with simplified cues may be more effective as traditional PTPs to improve athlete injury risk. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in movements associated with injury risk youth athletes participating in a season-long PTP: with simplified feedback cues, with traditional feedback cues, or in a warm-up of the coaches’ choosing. Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial was utilized. Youth soccer teams were randomized into: simplified or traditional PTP, or the control group. Simplified and traditional PTPs were the same duration (10-15 minutes) with the same exercises, but the simplified PTP only provided sagittal plane feedback cues (e.g., “get low”) and the traditional PTP provided feedback in all planes of motion (e.g., “don’t let your knees cave inward”). Teams in the control group performed their coach’s warm-up. Participants completed two test sessions (PRE-season, POST-season) with three trials of a jump-landing task evaluated using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). The LESS is a valid and reliable clinical movement assessment. Participants jumped off a 30-cm high box to a distance half their height and immediately rebounded straight in the air for maximum vertical height. A single, reliable rater graded all trials. Three trials were averaged together for one composite LESS score at each time point. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate differences in composite LESS score between warm-up (Simplified, Traditional, Control) over time (PRE, POST) while controlling for team. All data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0 (p<0.05). Results: There were no significant differences between Simplified and Traditional PTPs (P>0.05) so the PTPs were combined into a single group (Intervention) and compared to Control from PRE to POST. Four-hundred and twenty athletes (Intervention n=291 athletes, Control n=129 athletes) participated. The Intervention group improved LESS scores ((Mean±SE [95% CI]) Intervention PRE:6.32±0.17 [5.99,6.67], Intervention POST: 5.36±0.16 [5.05,5.69], Control PRE: 6.58±0.35 [5.94,7.30], Control POST: 6.09±0.34 [5.47,6.79])(P=.04). Conclusion: Regardless of PTP, athletes improved movement technique. These findings suggest that simplified corrective feedback is as effective as more complex feedback. Future studies should look to train coaches to focus on simplified cues and evaluate impact on PTP implementation.
Impacted ≥ 10-mm pelvic ureteric stone treatment: laser lithotripsy alone or in combination with pneumatic lithotripsy—a prospective, comparative study
Authors: Alazaby Hisham , Mohey Ahmed , Omar Rabea , Sebaey Ahmed , Gharib Tarek 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of ureteroscopic lithotripsy of combined pneumatic and laser versus laser lithotripsy alone for the treatment of impacted pelvic ureteral stones. Ninety patients with impacted stones 10 mm or more were selected and divided into two equal groups. The combined group included patients who treated by pneumatic lithotripsy (PL) and laser lithotripsy (LL), while those in the laser group were treated by LL alone via retrograde semirigid ureteroscopy. Exclusion criteria included urinary tract infection, radiolucent stones, ipsilateral concurrent stone, previous ureteral surgery, urinary tract anomalies, musculoskeletal deformities, renal failure and pregnancy. Any stone retropulsion or any residual stone detected 1 month postoperative was considered failure.

Results
The stone-free rate was 88.8% and 91.1% for laser and combined groups, respectively, which was statistically insignificant (p ≥ 0.05). Operative complications were 11.11% versus 4.4% for laser and combined groups, respectively, which is significant statistically (p ˂ 0.05). No ureteral perforation and no stricture were developed in the combined group, while one perforation and two strictures were developed in the laser group. The DJ stenting and second session lithotripsy requirements were 64.4% versus 51.1% and 15.5% versus 8.8% for laser versus combined group, respectively, and each was statistically significant.

Conclusion
When treating impacted stones, combining PL to LL can decrease the complication rate, DJ stenting and second session lithotripsy requirement, while preserving laser fragmentation capabilities.
On neotypes and nomina nova: commentary on “Comparative analysis of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii genomes shows a high level of genome plasticity and warrants separation into new species-level taxa”, by C.B. Fitzgerald et al. (BMC Genomics (2018) 19:931)
Authors: Oren Aharon , Garrity George M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn their paper entitled “Comparative analysis of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii genomes shows a high level of genome plasticity and warrants separation into new species-level taxa” (BMC Genomics (2018) 19:931), Fitzgerald et al. proposed a neotype strain for F. prausnitzii (strain A2–165 = DSM 17677 = JCM 31915) and assigned strain ATCC 27768 = NCIMB 13872 to a newly established taxon, Faecalibacterium moorei nom. Nov. These proposals contravene the Rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP). Neotype strains can only be established following a formal proposal in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology in accordance with Rule 18c and Appendix 7 of the ICNP. A proposed neotype becomes an established neotype after 2 years, provided that no objections were submitted to the Judicial Commisson of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes within the first year following publication of the request. F. moorei as proposed by Fitzgerald et al. is a later homotypic synonym of F. prausnitzii. It cannot be a ‘nom. nov.’ (nomen novum): based on Rule 34a of the ICNP: this term is only used when an author transfers a species to another genus or a subspecies to another species as a new combination, but the original specific epithet cannot be used as ‘comb. nov.’ (combinatio nova) as a result of homonymy. Moreover, ATCC 27768 and NCIMB 13872 cannot be proposed as the type strain of F. moorei as these remain permanently associated with the type strain of F. prausnitzii unless the Judicial Commission of the ICSP will decide otherwise.
Accurate confidence intervals for risk difference in meta-analysis with rare events
Authors: Jiang Tao , Cao Baixin , Shan Guogen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Meta-analysis provides a useful statistical tool to effectively estimate treatment effect from multiple studies. When the outcome is binary and it is rare (e.g., safety data in clinical trials), the traditionally used methods may have unsatisfactory performance.

Methods
We propose using importance sampling to compute confidence intervals for risk difference in meta-analysis with rare events. The proposed intervals are not exact, but they often have the coverage probabilities close to the nominal level. We compare the proposed accurate intervals with the existing intervals from the fixed- or random-effects models and the interval by Tian et al. (2009).

Results
We conduct extensive simulation studies to compare them with regards to coverage probability and average length, when data are simulated under the homogeneity or heterogeneity assumption of study effects.

Conclusions
The proposed accurate interval based on the random-effects model for sample space ordering generally has satisfactory performance under the heterogeneity assumption, while the traditionally used interval based on the fixed-effects model works well when the studies are homogeneous.
Correlation of gene polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor with grade and prognosis of lung cancer
Authors: Liu Changjiang , Zhou Xuetao , Zhang Zefeng , Guo Yang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene is highly polymorphic, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of VEGF gene are associate with cancer prognosis. This study aimed to analyze the correlation of VEGF gene polymorphisms with grade and prognosis of lung cancer.

Methods
A total of 458 Chinese patients with primary lung cancer were enrolled from September 2008 to October 2013. The genotypes of −2578C > A, −1154G > A, − 460 T > C, and + 405G > C were analyzed in white blood cells from patients using polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results
Our data showed that –1154G > A polymorphism was significantly associated with tumor stages, but all four tested VEGF gene polymorphisms had no significant effect on survival.

Conclusions
VEGF polymorphisms may relate to stage of lung cancer in Chinese population.