bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment sequence and survival in locoregionally advanced hypopharyngeal cancer: A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results–based study
Authors: Hochfelder Colleen G. , McGinn Aileen P. , Mehta Vikas , Castellucci Enrico , Kabarriti Rafi , Ow Thomas J. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this study was to examine the association between modality of primary treatment and survival among patients with locoregionally advanced hypopharyngeal cancer.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.MethodsThere were 2,328 adult patients diagnosed with stage III or IV, M0, hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma identified within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry (years 2004–2015). Patients who received primary chemoradiation (CRT) were compared to those who received surgery with either adjuvant radiation therapy (S + RT), or surgery with adjuvant CRT (S + CRT). The latter primary surgery group (S + Adj) was also analyzed collectively. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were assessed using Kaplan‐Meier analyses and Cox regression models using a propensity score to adjust for factors associated with treatment allocation.ResultsMedian survival was 20 months (interquartile range [IQR] = 10–45) with CRT and 25 months (IQR = 10–47) with S + Adj (P < .001). S + Adj had higher‐grade cancers and more advanced T staging (P < .001). S + CRT was associated with longer OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59‐0.84) and DSS (HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.54‐0.82) after adjusting for age, gender, race, subsite, grade, and stage. S + RT was associated with longer DSS than CRT (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57‐0.99) but not OS (HR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.66‐1.04). S + Adj was associated with longer DSS in T1/T2 disease (P = .04) and T4 disease (P = .0003), but did not reach significance among patients with T3 disease (P = .06).ConclusionsAmong patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer reported in the SEER database, treatment with S + Adj was associated with longer DSS and OS compared to those treated with primary CRT.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 130:2611–2621, 2020
Fundamental drivers of dissolved organic matter composition across an Arctic effective precipitation gradient
Authors: Kellerman Anne M. , Arellano Ana , Podgorski David C. , Martin Ellen E. , Martin Jonathan B. , Deuerling Kelly M. , Bianchi Thomas S. , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe standard model for aquatic ecosystems is to link hydrologic connectivity to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition and, ultimately, reactivity. Studies across effective precipitation gradients have been suggested as models for predicting how carbon cycling will change in Arctic aquatic ecosystems with projected drying (i.e., reduced hydrologic connectivity). To evaluate links between DOM dynamics and hydrologic connectivity, 41 stream samples from Greenland were analyzed across an effective precipitation gradient for DOM optical properties and elemental composition using ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry. Sites with negative effective precipitation and decreased hydrologic connectivity exhibited elevated specific conductivity (SpC) and DOC concentrations as well as DOM composition indicative of decreased hydrologic connectivity, for example, lower aromaticity, assessed using carbon‐specific UV absorbance at 254 nm, decreased relative abundances of polyphenolic and condensed aromatic compounds, and increased relative abundances of highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds. Allochthonous inputs decreased as the summer progressed as exhibited by decreases in aromatic compounds. A decrease in molecular richness and N‐containing compounds coincided with the decrease in allochthonous inputs. DOC concentrations increased over the summer but more slowly than SpC, suggesting degradation processes outweighed combined evapoconcentration and production. The patterns in DOM composition suggest evapoconcentration and photodegradation are dominant controls. However, when hydrologic connectivity was high, regardless of effective precipitation, DOM reflected allochthonous sources such as snowmelt‐fed wetlands. These results highlight the challenges of modeling carbon cycling in aquatic ecosystems across effective precipitation gradients, particularly those with strong seasonality and regional variability in hydrologic inputs.
Photobiomodulation at 660 nm Stimulates Fibroblast Differentiation
Authors: Mokoena Dimakatso R. , Houreld Nicolette N. , Dhilip Kumar Sathish S. , Abrahamse Heidi 
Published: December 2019

Background and ObjectivesAmong many of the different complications that diabetic patients suffer, foot ulcers are the most challenging, and in many cases result in non‐traumatic lower limb amputation and permanent disability. To alleviate this burden, new interventions such as photobiomodulation (PBM) have been utilized. However, the cellular pathways affected by PBM have not yet been fully recognized. The differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts forms a vital part of wound healing and is often impaired under diabetic conditions. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effects of PBM at 660 nm on the transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)/Smad pathway and the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWS1 fibroblasts were treated with PBM using a wavelength of 660 nm at a fluence of 5 J/cm2 in normal, normal wounded, diabetic, and diabetic wounded models. Post‐irradiation cellular responses were observed at 24, 48, and 72 hours to ascertain morphological changes and cell viability, and the expression of fibroblast differentiation markers (Thy‐1 or CD90, extra domain A fibronectin or EDA‐FN and α‐smooth muscle actin or α‐SMA), TGF‐β1, phosphorylated (p)TGF‐β receptor 1 (R1), and p‐Smad2/3.ResultsThere was a significant increase in cell viability in all irradiated cell models, and no real significant changes in TGF‐β1, pTGF‐β1R1, and p‐Smad2/3. As incubation time post‐irradiation increased, Thy‐1 (CD90) decreased, while EDA‐FN and α‐SMA increased in wounded models.ConclusionsPBM at 660 nm with 5 J/cm2 was successful in stimulating the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in diabetic wounded cells, which was independent of the TGF‐β1/Smad pathway. Fibroblast transition into myofibroblasts is vital to wound healing, failure of which results in impaired healing; PBM is able to foster such a transition. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of the addition of Na2SnO3 to NaCl electrolytes on Mg‐14Li‐3Al‐1Gd electrode electrochemical behavior
Authors: Li Guangyu , Su Jinhao , Zhao Xinyue , Chen Shixing , Wu Ruizhi , Wang Guixiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report on the electrochemical performance of Mg‐14Li‐3Al‐1Gd electrodes prepared by the accumulation roll bonding technique in a 0.7 M NaCl solution. To explore the effects of adding different concentrations of Na2SnO3 to 0.7 M NaCl solutions, potentiodynamic polarization, potentiostatic oxidation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were utilized. The results show that the addition of Na2SnO3 to a 0.7 M NaCl solution increases the corrosion potential of the Mg‐14Li‐3Al‐1Gd electrodes. Samples with 0.1 mM Na2SnO3 retained the highest discharging current density and lowest polarization resistance of all the specimens. Electrodes in an electrolyte solution mixed with 0.1 mM Na2SnO3 presented a larger active reaction area, deeper channels, and higher discharging currents than those with other additive concentrations. In conclusion, to improve the electrochemical behavior of Mg‐14Li‐3Al‐1Gd electrodes in a 0.7 M NaCl solution, the optimal concentration of Na2SnO3 is 0.1 mM.
Influence of Sn, Cd, and Si addition on the electrochemical performance of Al–Zn–In sacrificial anodes
Authors: Xia Zijie , Zhang Wenfeng , Yang Xiaowei , Chen Tao , Zhu Yunfeng , Ma Huaxiong , Li Liquan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOvercoming the reduction of current efficiency and stacking of corrosion products on the surface of Al–Zn–In sacrificial anodes after long‐term use is of great significance for Al–Zn–In alloy as an anode material for cathodic protection of steel structures in seawater. In this study, four different sacrificial anode materials were prepared based on the Al‐6Zn‐0.03In (wt%) alloy without and with the addition of alloying elements of Sn, Cd, and Si, respectively. The influence of the addition of Sn, Cd, and Si on the microstructure and electrochemical performance of the Al–Zn–In anode was investigated by optical microscopy and electrochemical measurements. The results show that the introduction of Sn, Cd, and Si changes the microdendrite structure of Al–Zn–In to equiaxed grain. The added Sn, Cd, and Si alloys have more negative and stable working potential and uniformly dissolved morphology. The actual capacity and current efficiency of aluminum alloys increase from 2,000.6 Ah/kg and 70.7% of Al–Zn–In alloy to 2,539.4 Ah/kg and 88.6% of Al–Zn–In–Sn, 2,437.3 Ah/kg and 85.5% of Al–Zn–In–Cd and 2,500.4 Ah/kg and 88.8% of Al–Zn–In–Si alloys, respectively.
Overcoming the delivery barrier of oligonucleotide drugs and enhancing nucleoside drug efficiency: The use of nucleolipids
Authors: Zhou Xinyang , Wang Shuhe , Zhu Yuejie , Pan Yufei , Zhang Lihe , Yang Zhenjun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith the rapid development of synthetic technology and biological technology, many nucleic acid‐based drugs have entered the clinical trials. However, their inherent disabilities in actively and efficiently penetrating cell membranes still severely restrict their further application. The main drawback of cationic lipids, which have been widely used as nonviral vectors of nucleic acids, is their high cytotoxicity. A series of nucleoside‐based or nucleotide‐based nucleolipids have been reported in recent years, due to their oligonucleotide delivery capacity and low toxicity in comparison with cationic lipids. Lipophilic prodrugs of nucleoside analogs have extremely similar structures with nucleolipid vectors and are thus helpful for improving the transmembrane ability. This review introduces the progress of nucleolipids and provides new strategies for improving the delivery efficiency of nucleic acid‐based drugs, as well as lipophilic prodrugs of nucleosides or nucleotides for antiviral or anticancer therapies.
Variability in meteorological parameters and their impact on evapotranspiration in a humid zone of Pakistan
Authors: Adnan Shahzada , Ullah Kalim , Ahmed Rehan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPakistan lies in the region over the globe where effects of climate change due to global warming are more likely to occur. These climatic changes are reflected in significant gradual fluctuations in measurements of meteorological parameters. Agricultural activity in any region depends upon the role of components of hydrological cycle over the region. An important component of hydrological cycle is evapotranspiration (ET), which is closely linked with changes in meteorological parameters. This study investigates impact of probable variation in four important meteorological parameters i.e. temperature (T), net solar radiation (Rn), vapour pressure (ea) and wind speed (U) on ET to estimate possible changes in reference ET in a humid zone of Pakistan by employing observed climatological records for 30 years (1981–2010). Analyses are done on the basis of possible ±20% changes in climatological mean values of the observed meteorological parameters. The analyses indicate that 20% rise in observed values of T, Rn and U increases value of total (annual) ET demand in the zone up to 11.93%, 16.37% and 2.83% respectively, and 20% rise in the observed values of vapour pressure decreases value of total (annual) ET till −2.5%. Moreover, the analyses also showed that ET is more sensitive to T and Rn in monsoon, vapour pressure in winter, and to wind speed in summer. Hence, this study might be useful in planning and formulating future strategies to meet expected future water requirements due to global warming in humid zone of Pakistan and its surrounding region.
Nonlinear analysis of EEG complexity in episode and remission phase of recurrent depression
Authors: Čukić Milena , Stokić Miodrag , Radenković Slavoljub , Ljubisavljević Miloš , Simić Slobodan , Savić Danka 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesBiomarkers of major depressive disorder (MDD), its phases and forms have long been sought. Objectives were to examine whether the complexity of EEG activity, measured by Higuchi's fractal dimension (HFD) and sample entropy (SampEn), differs between healthy subjects, patients in remission, and in episode phase of the recurrent depression and whether the changes are differentially distributed between hemispheres and cortical regions.MethodsResting state EEG with eyes closed was recorded from 22 patients suffering from recurrent depression (11 in remission, 11 in the episode), and 20 age and sex‐matched healthy control subjects. Artifact‐free EEG epochs were analyzed by in‐house developed programs running HFD and SampEn algorithms.ResultsDepressed patients had higher HFD and SampEn complexity compared to healthy subjects. The complexity was higher in patients who were in remission than in those in the acute episode. Altered complexity was present in the frontal and centro‐parietal regions when compared to control group. The complexity in frontal and parietal regions differed between the two phases of depressive disorder.ConclusionsComplexity measures of EEG distinguish between the healthy controls, patients in remission and episode. Further studies are needed to establish whether these measures carry a potential to aid clinically relevant decisions about depression.
DeepCEST 3T: Robust MRI parameter determination and uncertainty quantification with neural networks—application to CEST imaging of the human brain at 3T
Authors: Glang Felix , Deshmane Anagha , Prokudin Sergey , Martin Florian , Herz Kai , Lindig Tobias , Bender Benjamin , Scheffler Klaus , Zaiss Moritz 
Published: December 2019

PurposeCalculation of sophisticated MR contrasts often requires complex mathematical modeling. Data evaluation is computationally expensive, vulnerable to artifacts, and often sensitive to fit algorithm parameters. In this work, we investigate whether neural networks can provide not only fast model fitting results, but also a quality metric for the predicted values, so called uncertainty quantification, investigated here in the context of multi‐pool Lorentzian fitting of CEST MRI spectra at 3T.MethodsA deep feed‐forward neural network including a probabilistic output layer allowing for uncertainty quantification was set up to take uncorrected CEST‐spectra as input and predict 3T Lorentzian parameters of a 4‐pool model (water, semisolid MT, amide CEST, NOE CEST), including the B0 inhomogeneity. Networks were trained on data from 3 subjects with and without data augmentation, and applied to untrained data from 1 additional subject and 1 brain tumor patient. Comparison to conventional Lorentzian fitting was performed on different perturbations of input data.ResultsThe deepCEST 3T networks provided fast and accurate predictions of all Lorentzian parameters and were robust to input perturbations because of noise or B0 artifacts. The uncertainty quantification detected fluctuations in input data by increase of the uncertainty intervals. The method generalized to unseen brain tumor patient CEST data.ConclusionsThe deepCEST 3T neural network provides fast and robust estimation of CEST parameters, enabling online reconstruction of sophisticated CEST contrast images without the typical computational cost. Moreover, the uncertainty quantification indicates if the predictions are trustworthy, enabling confident interpretation of contrast changes.
How can we prevent postprostatectomy urinary incontinence by patient selection, and by preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative measures? International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society 2018
Authors: Averbeck Marcio A. , Marcelissen Tom , Anding Ralf , Rahnama'i Mohammad S. , Sahai Arun , Tubaro Andrea 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsTo review current prevention strategies for urinary incontinence among patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP).MethodsThis is a consensus report of the proceedings of a research proposal from the annual International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society (ICI‐RS), 14 to 16 June 2018 (Bristol, UK): “How can we prevent postprostatectomy incontinence by patient selection, and by preoperative, peroperative, and postoperative measures?”ResultsSeveral baseline parameters were proposed as predicting factors for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPUI), including age, tumor stage, prostate volume, preoperative lower urinary tract symptoms, maximum urethral closure pressure, and previous transurethral resection of the prostate. More recently, magnetic resonance imaging has been used to measure the membranous urethral length and sphincter volume. Peroperative techniques include preservative and reconstructive approaches. Bladder neck preservation improved early (6 months), as well as long‐term (>12 months) continence rates. Several prospective studies have reported earlier return of continence following preservation of puboprostatic ligaments, although no long‐term data are available. Preservation of the urethral length yielded controversial outcomes.Concerning postoperative strategies, it is probably optimal to remove the catheter in a window between 4 and 7 days if clinically appropriate; however, more research in this regard is still required. Postoperative PFME (preoperative pelvic floor muscle exercise) appears to speed up the recovery of continence after RP.ConclusionsConservative strategies to prevent PPUI include proper patient selection and PFME. Peroperative techniques have largely shown benefit in the short term. Postoperative complications and timing of trial without catheter can influence continence status. Future research initiatives must assess peroperative and postoperative measures, with longer‐term follow‐up.
How can we improve the diagnosis and management of bladder pain syndrome? Part 2:ICI‐RS 2018
Authors: Khullar Vik , Digesu G. Alessandro , Veit‐Rubin Nikolaus , Sahai Arun , Rahnama'i Mohammad Sajjad , Tarcan Tufan , Chermansky Christopher , Dmochowski Roger 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis paper summarises the discussion in a think tank at the International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society (ICI‐RS) 2018 about the treatment of bladder pain syndrome.AimsTo review the treatments of bladder pain syndrome from behavioural treatments to surgical interventions.Materials and MethodsReview the literature in the light of the think tank discussions.ResultsAll guidelines recommend different levels of treatment starting with conservative behavioral treatments then introducing oral treatments followed by intravesical instillations. If these treatments fail then more invasive treatments such as botulinum toxin injections, neuromodulation, or surgery could be suggested.ConclusionUnfortunately for all treatments, the numbers are limited and, therefore, the evidence base is not strong. Further suggestions for research are suggested.
Changing paradigm of radiation therapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Neilsen Beth K , Lin Chi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe evidence supporting the use of radiation therapy (RT) for pancreatic cancer (PC) treatment is highly variable, with studies both showing and failing to show that RT provides a survival benefit. Trials exploring the use of RT for PC treatment dates back to the 1960s with various dosing and fractionation schemes, as well as various chemotherapeutic combinations. Collectively, large retrospective studies using cancer databases have shown an overall survival benefit with the addition of RT. The combination of RT with efficacious chemotherapy regimens synergistically improves the benefits of RT. More recent studies have evaluated the use of stereotactic body radiation therapy in either single‐ or multi‐fraction regimens. Modern studies using multifractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy have demonstrated maintenance of local control and safe toxicity profiles with shorter therapeutic regimens allowing for improved integration with other therapeutic modalities. Although the use of RT has been evaluated for ≥50 years for PC treatment, the heterogeneous nature of the studies carried out and the advancement of complementary chemotherapeutic regimens makes it difficult to clearly identify the direct effect of RT. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the evidence for the use of RT in PC treatment, including a comparison of conventionally fractionated RT versus stereotactic body radiation therapy.
Cover Image, Volume 76, Issue 1
Authors: Kunte Nitish , McGraw Erin , Bell Sydney , Held David , Avila Luz‐Adriana 
Published: December 2019

The back cover image is based on the Review Article Prospects, challenges and current status of RNAi through insect feeding by Luz‐Adriana Avila et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5588.
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Inhibitor of apoptosis‐1 gene as a potential target for pest control and its involvement in immune regulation during fungal infection
Authors: Zhang Wei , Keyhani Nemat O , Zhang Hao , Cai Kaiyong , Xia Yuxian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnvironmentally friendly insect management technologies, including RNA interference (RNAi) and entomopathogenic fungi, have attracted increasing attention as options for pest control. Here, we sought to extend RNAi‐directed targeting of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (IAP1) gene to the locust, and to examine its relationship to immune responses and susceptibility to Metarhizium acridum, a locust‐specific fungal pathogen.RESULTSExpression of the locust LmIAP gene was induced in the hemolymph and fat body after M. acridum infection. RNAi‐directed silencing of locust LmIAP1 resulted in increased caspase 3 activity, degeneration of the gut and dose‐dependent mortality. Synergistic mortality was seen in RNAi‐LmIAP/fungal co‐infection experiments with median survival time (MST) values decreasing from ∼ 5 days for RNAi and M. acridum treatments alone, to 2.6 days for co‐treatments. Reduced hemocyte numbers and antimicrobial peptide levels were seen in co‐treated locusts, with changes in gut opportunistic pathogenic bacteria seen between treatments. Enhanced fungal sporulation on co‐treated insect cadavers was also compared with fungal infection alone.CONCLUSIONSSilencing of the locust LmIAP1 gene results in direct mortality and increases insect susceptibility to insect fungal pathogens, in part by decreasing immunity and altering the gut microbiome. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry