bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary artery segmentation in angiographic videos utilizing spatial-temporal information
Authors: Wang Lu , Liang Dongxue , Yin Xiaolei , Qiu Jing , Yang Zhiyun , Xing Junhui , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Zhaoyuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Coronary artery angiography is an indispensable assistive technique for cardiac interventional surgery. Segmentation and extraction of blood vessels from coronary angiographic images or videos are very essential prerequisites for physicians to locate, assess and diagnose the plaques and stenosis in blood vessels.

Methods
This article proposes a novel coronary artery segmentation framework that combines a three–dimensional (3D) convolutional input layer and a two–dimensional (2D) convolutional network. Instead of a single input image in the previous medical image segmentation applications, our framework accepts a sequence of coronary angiographic images as input, and outputs the clearest mask of segmentation result. The 3D input layer leverages the temporal information in the image sequence, and fuses the multiple images into more comprehensive 2D feature maps. The 2D convolutional network implements down–sampling encoders, up–sampling decoders, bottle–neck modules, and skip connections to accomplish the segmentation task.

Results
The spatial–temporal model of this article obtains good segmentation results despite the poor quality of coronary angiographic video sequences, and outperforms the state–of–the–art techniques.

Conclusions
The results justify that making full use of the spatial and temporal information in the image sequences will promote the analysis and understanding of the images in videos.
Effects of dialysis modality choice on the survival of end-stage renal disease patients in southern China: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: He Zhiren , Hou Haijing , Zhang Difei , Mo Yenan , Zhang La , Su Guobin , Lin Junjie , Lu Liming , Huang Jingyao , Gu Yewen , Zhang Ying , Lin Jingxia , Yuan Fengling , Peng Yu , Liang Hui , Zhao Daixin , Lu Fuhua , Liu Xusheng , Wang Lixin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The optimal choice of treatment, with hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD), for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, is still controversial. Only a few studies comparing HD and PD have been conducted in China, which has the largest number of dialysis patients in the world.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on ESRD patients who began renal replacement treatment from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017 in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine. Propensity scoring match was applied to balance the baseline conditions and multivariate Cox regression analysis to compare the mortality between HD and PD patients, and evaluated the correlation between mortality and various baseline characteristics.

Results
A total of 436 HD patients and 501 PD patients were included in this study, and PD patients had better survival than HD patients, but the difference was not statistically significant. For younger ESRD patients (≤60-year-old), the overall survival of PD was better than that of HD, but HD was associated with a lower risk of death in older patients (> 70-year-old). This difference was still significant after adjustment for a variety of confounding factors. Female gender, age at dialysis initiation, cardiovascular disease, cholesterol, and HD were risk factors of all-cause mortality in the younger subgroup, while PD was risk factor in the older subgroup.

Conclusion
PD may be a better choice for younger ESRD patients, and HD for the older patients.
Association between MTHFR C677T/A1298C and susceptibility to autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yan , Qiu Shuang , Shi Jikang , Guo Yanbo , Li Zhijun , Cheng Yi , Liu Yawen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is becoming increasingly prevalent of late. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has a significant role in folate metabolism. Owing to the inconsistencies and inconclusiveness on the association betweenMTHFRsingle nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and ASD susceptibilities, a meta-analysis was conducted to settle the inconsistencies.MethodsFor this meta-analysis, a total of 15 manuscripts published up to January 26, 2020, were selected from PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, WangFang, and CNKI databases using search terms “MTHFR” OR “methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase” AND “ASD” OR “Autism Spectrum Disorders” OR “Autism” AND “polymorphism” OR “susceptibility” OR “C677T” OR “A1298C”.ResultsThe findings of the meta-analysis indicated thatMTHFRC677T polymorphism is remarkably associated with ASD in the five genetic models, viz., allelic, dominant, recessive, heterozygote, and homozygote. However, theMTHFRA1298C polymorphism was not found to be significantly related to ASD in the five genetic models. Subgroup analyses revealed significant associations of ASD with theMTHFR(C677T and A1298C) polymorphism. Sensitivity analysis showed that this meta-analysis was stable and reliable. No publication bias was identified in the associations betweenMTHFRC677T polymorphisms and ASD in the five genetic models, except for the one with regard to the associations betweenMTHFRA1298C polymorphisms and ASD in the five genetic models.ConclusionThis meta-analysis showed thatMTHFRC677T polymorphism is a susceptibility factor for ASD, andMTHFRA1298C polymorphism is not associated with ASD susceptibility.
Unilateral pulmonary vein atresia presenting with recurrent haemoptysis in a child: a case report
Authors: Wong Martin Ngie Liong , Tang Ing Ping , Chor Yek Kee , Lau Kiew Siong , John Anne Rachel , Hii King Ching , Lee Olive Pei Yi , Lim Wooi Kok , Tan Hannah Pei Koon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Haemoptysis is an uncommon presenting symptom in children and is usually caused by acute lower respiratory tract infection or foreign body aspiration. We report a rare case of right unilateral pulmonary vein atresia (PVA) as the underlying aetiology of recurrent haemoptysis in a child.

Case presentation
A 4 years old girl presented with history of recurrent haemoptysis. Bronchoscopic evaluation excluded a foreign body aspiration but revealed right bronchial mucosal hyperaemia and varices. Diagnosis of right unilateral PVA was suspected on transthoracic echocardiography which demonstrated hypoplastic right pulmonary artery and non-visualization of right pulmonary veins. Final diagnosis was confirmed on cardiac CT angiography. A conservative treatment approach was opted with consideration for pneumonectomy in future when she is older.

Conclusion
Rarer causes should be considered when investigating for recurrent haemoptysis in children. Bronchoscopy and cardiac imaging are useful tools to establish the diagnosis of unilateral PVA in our case.
Mastery and self-esteem mediate the association between visual acuity and mental health: a population-based longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Maaswinkel I. M. , van der Aa H. P. A. , van Rens G. H. M. B. , Beekman A. T. F. , Twisk J. W. R. , van Nispen R. M. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith deteriorating eyesight, people often become dependent on others for many aspects of their daily lives. As a result, they feel less ‘in control’ and experience lower self-esteem. Lower sense of mastery and self-esteem are known to predict depression, but their roles in people with visual impairment have only marginally been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the influence of mastery and self-esteem on the relationship between visual acuity and mental health.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study was performed using data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), collected between 2001 and 2012. A community-based population of 2599 older adults were included, who were randomly selected from population registers. Outcomes of interest were the Pearlin Mastery Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression scale and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale – Anxiety subscale. Linear mixed models were used to establish the association between visual acuity and mental health over time.ResultsMean age was 72 years, 56% was female and 1.2% qualified as having low vision. Visual impairment was associated with a lower sense of mastery (β = − 0.477,p < 0.001), lower self-esteem (β = − 0.166,p = 0.008) and more depression (β = 0.235, p < 0.001). No significant association between visual acuity and anxiety was found. The relationship between visual acuity and depression was mediated by self-esteem (25%) and sense of mastery (79%).ConclusionsVision loss was associated with depression. This association was mediated by self-esteem and sense of mastery. This provides us with new possibilities to identify, support and treat those at risk for developing depression by aiming to increase their self-esteem and sense of mastery.
Decoding and reasoning mental states in major depression and social anxiety disorder
Authors: Maleki Gheysar , Zabihzadeh Abbas , Richman Mara J. , Demetrovics Zsolt , Mohammadnejad Fatemeh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMajor depression (MDD) and social anxiety (SAD) disorders are debilitating psychiatric conditions characterized by disturbed interpersonal relationships. Despite these impairments in social relationships, research has been limited in simultaneously evaluating the dysfunction in MDD or SAD within two aspects of theory of mind (ToM): decoding mental states (i.e., Affective ToM) and reasoning mental states (i.e., cognitive ToM). Taking this into consideration, the current study assesses both decoding and reasoning mental states abilities in MDD, SAD, and healthy controls (HC).MethodsSubjects included 37 patients with MDD, 35 patients with SAD, and 35 HCs. ToM was measured with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and the Faux Pas Task, which assess decoding and reasoning mental states, respectively.ResultsResults revealed that in decoding of mental states, both the SAD and MDD groups had lower scores than the HC group; there was no significant difference between the SAD and MDD groups in decoding mental states. Conversely, in reasoning mental states, the SAD and HC groups had higher scores than the MDD group; no differences were found between the SAD and HC groups.ConclusionsClinicians and researchers should further consider parsing generalized impairment in ToM into two aspects: decoding and reasoning of mental states by using the aforementioned measurements. By further understanding the two aspects, we can create a potentially new clinical profile for mental health disorders, such as in this context with both decoding and reasoning mental state impairment in MDD and just a decoding impairment in SAD.
The effect of the presence of children on adult smoking behaviour: empirical evidence based on China family panel studies
Authors: Lin Haoxiang , Chang Chun , Liu Zhao , Tan Huaqing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite a number of studies linking family and marriage factors with health behaviour, the effects of children on the health behaviour of parents are still understudied. This study explored the association between the presence of children and adults’ smoking behaviours.

Methods
This study used panel data from the China Family Panel Studies 2010 and 2012, and the data set included 23,157 households and 45,513 adults. Logistic regression was performed to analyse the association of the presence of children on adults’ smoking behaviours. Subgroup regression was used to examine heterogeneous effects.

Results
Full sample regressions showed that the number of children was significantly inversely associated with smoking behaviour (OR = 0.93; 95% 0.90–0.96). Further subsample regression finds that such effect is only significant among the high-education group (OR = 0.92; 95% 0.87–0.97), high-skill workers (OR = 0.89; 95% 0.80–0.99) and couples who had an age gap greater than 2 years (OR = 0.91; 95% 0.88–0.95).

Conclusions
Our findings confirm the existence of the upward intergenerational effect of the presence of children on adults’ smoking behaviour in China. However, such effects are not equal across all demographic characteristics. Future research could explore other parts of the upward mechanism and possible pathways for a stronger effect. In resource-poor areas, targeting cessation activities at those who have children at an early age may be an effective strategy.
Biomechanical comparison between single-row with triple-loaded suture anchor and suture-bridge double-row rotator cuff repair
Authors: He He-Bei , Hu Yong , Li Chuan , Li Cheng-Guo , Wang Min-Cong , Zhu Hui-Feng , Yan Zhi-Wen , Pan Cheng-Long , Wang Tao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Numerous biomechanical and clinical studies comparing different techniques for rotator cuff repair have been reported, yet universal consensus regarding the superior technique has not achieved. A medially-based single-row with triple-loaded suture anchor (also referred to as the Southern California Orthopedic Institute [SCOI] row) and a suture-bridge double-row (SB-DR) with Push-Locks have been shown to result in comparable improvement in treating rotator cuff tear, yet the biomechanical difference is unknown. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether a SCOI row repair had comparable initial biomechanical properties to a SB-DR repair.

Methods
Six matched pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders with full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tears we created were included. Two different repairs were performed for each pair (SCOI row and SB-DR methods). Specimens were mounted on a material testing machine to undergo cyclic loading, which was cycled from 10 to 100 N at 1 Hz for 500 cycles. Construct gap formation was recorded at an interval of 50 cycles. Samples were then loaded to failure and modes of failure were recorded. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and pair-t test were used for statistical analyses.

Results
The construct gap formation did not differ between SCOI row and SB-DR repairs (P = 0.056). The last gap displacement was 1.93 ± 0.37 mm for SCOI row repair, and 1.49 ± 0.55 mm for SB-DR repair. The tensile load for 5 mm of elongation and ultimate failure were higher for SCOI row repair compared to SB-DR repair (P = 0.011 and 0.028, respectively). The ultimate failure load was 326.34 ± 11.52 N in the SCOI row group, and 299.82 ± 27.27 N in the SB-DR group. Rotator cuff repair with the SCOI row method failed primarily at the suture- tendon interface, whereas pullout of the lateral row anchors was the primary mechanism of failure for repair with the SB-DR method.

Conclusion
Rotator cuff repair with the SCOI row method has superior biomechanical properties when compared with the SB-DR method. Therefore, SCOI row repair using a medially-based single-row technique with triple-loaded suture anchor is recommended to improve the initial strength in treating full-thickness rotator cuff tears.
The effects of changes in distance to nearest health facility on under-5 mortality and health care utilization in rural Malawi, 1980–1998
Authors: Quattrochi John P. , Hill Kenneth , Salomon Joshua A. , Castro Marcia C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite important progress, the burden of under-5 mortality remains unacceptably high, with an estimated 5.3 million deaths in 2018. Lack of access to health care is a major risk factor for under-5 mortality, and distance to health care facilities has been shown to be associated with less access to care in multiple contexts, but few such studies have used a counterfactual approach to produce causal estimates.MethodsWe combined retrospective reports on 18,714 births between 1980 and 1998 from the 2000 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey with a 1998 health facility census that includes the date of construction for each facility, including 335 maternity or maternity/dispensary facilities built in rural areas between 1980 and 1998. We estimated associations between distance to nearest health facility and (i) under-5 mortality, using Cox proportional hazards models, and (ii) maternal health care utilization (antenatal visits prior to delivery, place of delivery, receiving skilled assistance during delivery, and receiving a check-up following delivery), using linear probability models. We also estimated the causal effect of reducing the distance to nearest facility on those outcomes, using a two-way fixed effects approach.FindingsWe found that greater distance was associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio 1.007 for one additional kilometer [95%CI 1.001 to 1.014]) and lower health care utilization (for one additional kilometer: 1.2 percentage point (pp) increase in homebirth [95%CI 0.8 to 1.5]; 0.8 pp. decrease in at least three antenatal visits [95% CI − 1.4 to − 0.2]; 1.2 pp. decrease in skilled assistance during delivery [95%CI − 1.6 to − 0.8]). However, we found no effects of a decrease in distance to the nearest health facility on the hazard of death before age 5 years, nor on antenatal visits prior to delivery, place of delivery, or receiving skilled assistance during delivery. We also found that reductions in distance decrease the probability that a woman receives a check-up following delivery (2.4 pp. decrease for a 1 km decrease [95%CI 0.004 to 0.044]).ConclusionReducing under-5 mortality and increasing utilization of care in rural Malawi and similar settings may require more than the construction of new health infrastructure. Importantly, the effects estimated here likely depend on the quality of health care, the availability of transportation, the demand for health services, and the underlying causes of mortality, among other factors.
The similarity of inherited diseases (II): clinical and biological similarity between the phenotypic series
Authors: Gamba Alessio , Salmona Mario , Cantù Laura , Bazzoni Gianfranco 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite being caused by mutations in different genes, diseases in the same phenotypic series are clinically similar, as reported in Part I of this study. Here, in Part II, we hypothesized that the phenotypic series too might be clinically similar. Furthermore, on the assumption that gene mutations indirectly cause clinical phenotypes by directly affecting biological functions, we hypothesized that clinically similar phenotypic series might be biologically similar as well.

Methods
To test these hypotheses, we generated a clinical similarity network and a set of biological similarity networks. In both types of network, the nodes represent the phenotypic series, and the edges linking the nodes indicate the similarity of the linked phenotypic series. The weight of each edge is proportional to a similarity coefficient, which depends on the clinical phenotypes and the biological features that are shared by the linked phenotypic series, in the clinical and biological similarity networks, respectively.

Results
After assembling and analyzing the networks, we raised the threshold for the similarity coefficient, to retain edges of progressively greater weight. This way all the networks were gradually split into fragments, composed of phenotypic series with increasingly greater degrees of similarity. Finally, by comparing the fragments from the two types of network, we defined subsets of phenotypic series with varying types and degrees of clinical and biological correlation.

Conclusions
Like the individual diseases, the phenotypic series too are clinically and biologically similar to each other. Furthermore, our findings unveil different modalities of correlation between the clinical manifestations and the biological features of the inherited diseases.
Identification of key genes and functions of circulating tumor cells in multiple cancers through bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Guan Yibing , Xu Fangshi , Wang Yiyuan , Tian Juanhua , Wan Ziyan , Wang Zhenlong , Chong Tie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a key role in cancer progression, especially metastasis, due to the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs, fewer researches have been conducted on them at the molecular level. However, through the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, this kind of minority researches can be well integrated, the gene expression differences between CTCs and primary tumors can be identified, and molecular targets for CTCs can be found.

Methods
We analyzed 7 sets of gene chips (GSE82198, GSE99394, GSE31023, GSE65505, GSE67982, GSE76250, GSE50746) obtained by GEO. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CTCs and corresponding primary tumors by NetworkAnalyst. Metascape tool for Gene Ontology (GO) / Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of differential genes and visual display. Cytoscape performs protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis and obtains the hub genes. Renal cancer patients’ clinical specimens to verify the correctness of enrichment results. Prognostic analysis of hub genes in kidney cancer patients using the Kaplan–Meier plotter survival analysis tool.

Results
We obtained a total of 589 DEGs. The GO / KEGG enrichment results indicate that the DEGs are mainly concentrated in cell adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and apoptosis. Renal cancer clinical specimens suggest that CTCs have epithelial and mesenchymal types. At the same time, PSMC2 can be used as a poor prognostic indicator for renal cancer patients.

Conclusions
In summary, our study suggests that compared with primary tumors, CTCs mainly change cell adhesion, EMT, and apoptosis. PSMC2 can be used as a poor prognostic factor.
NNT-AS1 modulates prostate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration through miR-496/DDIT4 axis
Authors: Yao Changlei , Cheng Xianghua , Guo Xiuquan , Lu Xulou , Bu Fan , Xu Yanfen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmerging studies have disclosed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as pivotal modulators in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Current research planned to figure out the involvement of lncRNA nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase antisense RNA 1 (NNT-AS1) in PCa.MethodsRNA expression was examined using RT-qPCR in PCa cells. Functional assays assessed the viability, proliferation, apoptosis and migration of PCa cells. RNA pull down and luciferase reporter experiments detected the interplay between miRNA and lncRNA or mRNA.ResultsNNT-AS1 was apparently upregulated in PCa cells. NNT-AS1 deficiency abrogated PCa cell viability, proliferation and migration but promoted apoptosis. Besides, miR-496 could be sequestered by NNT-AS1 to elevate the expression of DNA damage inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) in PCa. Rescue assays indicated that overexpressed DDIT4 or restrained miR-496 could reverse the influence of NNT-AS1 depletion on malignant processes in PCa cells.ConclusionNNT-AS1 contributes to the malignant phenotypes of PCa cells through targeting miR-496 to boost DDIT4 expression.