bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Semantic Analysis of Metaphors Found In “Dream Theatre’s” Selected Lyrics
Authors: Ratri Deasy Ade 
Published: October 2019

Metaphor is an implicit comparison in which two unlike objects are compared by identification or substitution of one for the other to suggest common quality shared by the two. It is an implied analogy in which a word or phrase is applied to a person, object, idea or concept to which it is literally or semantically inapplicable. Many students in English Department are still confused in interpreting metaphors’ meaning whereas they have learned semantics. The research aims to find the types of metaphors which are used in Dream Theatre’s selected lyrics then interpret its contextual meaning. There are five song lyrics are chosen. They are, As I am, Endless Sacrifice, Pull Me Under, The Spirit Carries On, and Through Her Eyes. This research uses theory of Chrystal that classifies the metaphors into three types. They are Conceptual Metaphor, Mixed Metaphor, and Poetic Metaphor.
To achieve the research purposes, this research uses content analysis by deductive category application. The steps in deductive category application are collecting the theory related to metaphors, identifying the concepts of metaphors, coding Dream Theatre’s selected lyrics, classify the metaphors according to Chrystal theory, and interpreting the contextual meaning of metaphors. The result shows that forty three cases of metaphors which are found in Dream Theatre’s selected lyrics. There are three thirty two metaphors that included to Conceptual metaphor, Tens metaphor are Mixed metaphor, and one metaphors are Poetic metaphor. According to the result above, conceptual metaphor are higher and more often than mixed metaphor and poetic metaphor, mixed metaphor ranks second and Poetic metaphor appears as the least type
Based on the result, it is suggested to the readers use the information to know widely and deeply about the types of metaphors classified by Chrystal, as the reference or study more about metaphors. For the students who are learning about metaphors or students who are in English Department are suggested to use songs in learning and improving their capability in language and interpreting the meaning. While for the lecturer, it is suggested to use songs as a resourches in teaching semantics especially in teaching metaphors
Improving Students' Writing Ability by Using Personal Photograph of Seventh Year Students at SMPN 4 Banyuwangi in the 2014/2015 Academic Year
Authors: Ningsih Asmiyati 
Published: October 2019

English plays important role for all aspects because the development of science and technology is mostly transferred through it. English is taught in the forms of speaking, writing, listening and reading integrative. Among the four language skills, writing is considered to be most difficult to master, because it needs continues thinking process for expressing ideas, feelings, or thought in a piece of paper.
The research was carried out at SMP 4 Banyuwangi. The subjects of the research are the students of the seventh grade A student. The research method was classroom action research. This classroom action research had two cycles which consisted of four main stages in each cycle. They are preparation, implementation, observation, and reflection of the action. In each cycle, the teaching and learning process were conducted into three meetings which include two meetings of applying method and one meeting for the writing test. In the first cycle the researcher used personal photograph as a media in teaching descriptive text, researcher asked students to describe their personality and their families in the class based on the example that had been given by the researcher. In the second cycle, researcher asked students to describe their friend in photos that was brought by the student in group.
The result of preliminary study showed that the main score of the students’ writing descriptive paragraph result was low (M= 49,78). Meanwhile, the standard minimum passing level score in this school is 75. In the first cycle on Monday, 11st May until 16th M a y 2 0 1 5 i n t h r e e m e e t i n g s , t h e r e s e a r c h e r found the mean of the score of the students’ writing was 74,83 with the total score 2694. In the second cycle on Monday 18th May until 25th May 2015, the researcher found the mean of the score of the students’ writing was 79,72 with the total score 2870. Based on that fact, the result of the research shows that the students improve their ability in writing descriptive text by using personal photograph as the media. They are better in writing and arranging the sentences than in pretest.
The objectives of the research are firstly to know the improvement of students’ ability in writing descriptive paragraph. The second is to find out how the use of personal photograph to improve the students’ writing descriptive paragraph
Do institucionalismo forte às jornadas de junho de 2013, e de volta ao institucionalismo forte: sobre o legado conservador das jornadas de junho e o desafio da esquerda teórico-política
Authors: Danner Leno Francisco , Bavaresco Agemir , Danner Fernando 
Published: October 2019

No texto, argumentamos que as jornadas de junho de 2013 não podem ser compreendidas como um movimento da sociedade civil em bloco contra o Estado, as instituições públicas e os partidos políticos, da mesma forma como os fenômenos do pemedebismo e do lulismo não podem ser compreendidos apenas como movimentos partidário-institucionais puros, sem ligação com e hegemonia em termos de sociedade civil. Por meio da utilização do conceito de modernização conservadora como definindo o Brasil republicano hodierno, nós argumentaremos que, no caso do período pós-redemocratização e, aqui, com os fenômenos do pemedebismo e do lulismo, há uma ligação direta entre esses sujeitos partidário-institucionais e as classes sociopolíticas próprias à sociedade civil, em uma dinâmica de sustento e de hegemonia mútuos. Assim, no que diz respeito às jornadas de junho de 2013, uma de suas tendências mais centrais consistiu na contraposição entre, de um lado, pemedebismo, modernização conservadora e meritocracia branca, e, de outro, lulismo, modernização conservadora mitigada com social-desenvolvimentismo e meritocracia parda. A partir daqui, defenderemos que o desafio por excelência da esquerda teórico-política consiste em correlatamente repensar sua práxis político-partidária frente à modernização conservadora (aceita e legitimada pelo lulismo) e trabalhar de modo bastante imbricado com a meritocracia parda, no sentido de uma cooperação orgânica entre partido e classe social.
Prevalencia de la enfermedad de Chagas en la comunidad de Yuraq Rumi
Authors: Moreira Eliseu , De Melo Strelow Simone , Nascimento Natan , Rojas Terrazas Luis Fernando , Angulo Ramiro 
Published: October 2019

En Bolivia la transmisión vectorial ha sido hasta hace poco la principal forma de infección, tanto en áreas rurales como periurbanas, donde en ciudades como Cochabamba, Tarija, Sucre y otras ciudades intermedias, han existido numerosos y populosos barrios sub-urbanos infestados por T. infestans. En el período de 1980 -1985, y con una población aproximada de 5 millones y medio de habitantes, se estimaba que alrededor del 24% de la población total estaba infectada, es decir, alrededor de 1.300.000 personas.
Se estudió 150 personas, con test de inmunocromatografia, 15 pacientes presentaron positivo para detección de la enfermedad. Se integró el diagnóstico en la población en fase asintomática, ya que existe un elevado porcentaje de pacientes portadores de la Enfermedad de Chagas con una prevalencia de 10%, se debería tomar mayor interés en la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento.
Fuentes predominantes de la colonización de Aedes Aegypti que facilita el proceso de dispersión en el municipio de Colcapirhua
Authors: Aquino Rojas Evelin Edith , Gamboa Ortuño Lizzeth Pamela , Alexander Gueresa Javier , Agreda Herbas Mikael 
Published: October 2019

Los hallazgos del presente estudio desarrollado en el municipio de Colcapirhua confirman la dispersión del A. aegypti mediante la geo referenciación de los focos identificados del vector, con algunos sectores con mayor prevalencia. De la misma forma, se evidencia que la dispersión del vector en el área de estudio alcanzo una altura mínima de 2538 m/s/n/m. y una altura máxima de 2623 m/s/n/m. De 100 casas inspeccionados en el municipio de Colcapirhua; 52% son positivas relacionado a la presencia de depósitos desechables que sirven de criadero al vector. En todos los depósitos estudiados se detectó focos de A. aegypti. con mayor predominancia en llantas, turriles y depósitos desechables. Las personas que viven en Colcapirhua tienen 3 veces más riesgo de albergar al vector en sus casas (RR 3.1; IC: .1,8 - 5,3; X2 13,5; p: 0,00009)
Conflictos de InteresesLos autores declaramos no tener conflictos de interés para el presente estudio.
Hot Jupiters Are Destroyed by Tides While Their Host Stars Are on the Main Sequence
Authors: Hamer Jacob H. , Schlaufman Kevin C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
While cooler giant planets are often observed with nonzero eccentricities, the short-period circular orbits of hot Jupiters suggest that they lose orbital energy and angular momentum due to tidal interactions with their host stars. However, orbital decay has never been unambiguously observed. We use data from Gaia Data Release 2 to show that hot Jupiter host stars have a smaller Galactic velocity dispersion than a similar population of stars without hot Jupiters. Since Galactic velocity dispersion is correlated with age, this observation implies that the population of hot Jupiter host stars is on average younger than the field population. The best explanation for this inference is that tidal interactions cause hot Jupiters to inspiral while their host stars are on the main sequence. This observation requires that the typical modified stellar tidal quality factor

for solar-type stars is in the range

.
Photometric and Spectroscopic Studies of V582 Lyr and V1016 Oph
Authors: Cheng Yao , Zhang Li-yun , Han Xianming L. , Long Liu , Lu Hongpeng , Yue Qiang , Jiang Linyan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present new CCD photometric light curves about two eclipsing binaries of V582 Lyr and V1016 Oph. Our observations were carried out by the SARA 91.4 cm telescope of America in 2016 and the 60 cm telescope of Chile in 2018. V582 Lyr’s spectra type was classified as K5, and its radial velocity was determined using the LAMOST spectral survey. There are absorptions in the observed H
α
line and excess emissions in the subtracted H
α
line, which show weak chromospheric activity. We obtained the updated ephemeris information for V582 Lr and V1016 Oph, and found that their orbital periods are both decreasing. We concluded that the decreased rate is −0.474 (±0.011) × 10−7 days yr−1 for V582 Lyr and 3.460 (±0.014) × 10−7 days yr−1 for V1016 Oph. For V582 Lyr, the period variation was interpreted as a mass transfer from the secondary component to the primary one, and the corresponding rate is dM
2/dt = −1.10 (±0.03) × 10−7
M
⊙ yr−1. For V1016 Oph, we explain it by transferring from the primary component to the secondary one, and the corresponding rate is dM
1/dt = −2.69 (±0.04) × 10−7
M
⊙ yr−1. The photometric solution of V1016 Oph was obtained by analyzing the CCD photometry with the Wilson–Devinney program. We also obtained the orbital parameters of V1016 Oph by simultaneously analyzing our BVRI light curves and radial-velocity curve from the LAMOST low-resolution spectral survey. Finally, our orbital solution shows that they are contact eclipsing binaries with contact factors of 3.35 (±0.08)% for V582 Lyr and 41.0 (±0.1)% for V1016 Oph.
He ii Emission from Wolf–Rayet Stars as a Tool for Measuring Dust Reddening
Authors: Leitherer Claus , Lee Janice C. , Faisst Andreas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We calibrated a technique to measure dust attenuation in star-forming galaxies. The technique utilizes the stellar-wind lines in Wolf–Rayet stars, which are widely observed in galaxy spectra. The He ii 1640 and 4686 features are recombination lines whose ratio is largely determined by atomic physics. Therefore they can serve as a stellar dust probe in the same way as the Balmer lines are used as a nebular probe. We measured the strength of the He ii 1640 line in 97 Wolf–Rayet stars in the Galaxy and the Large Magellanic Cloud. The reddening corrected fluxes follow a tight correlation with a fixed ratio of 7.76 for the He ii 1640 to 4686 line ratio. Dust attenuation decreases this ratio. We provide a relation between the stellar E(B−V) and the observed line ratio for several attenuation laws. Combining this technique with the use of the nebular Balmer decrement allows the determination of the stellar and nebular dust attenuation in galaxies and can probe its effects at different stellar age and mass regimes, independently of the initial mass function and the star formation history. We derived the dust reddening from the He ii line fluxes and compared it to the reddening from the Balmer decrement and from the slope of the ultraviolet continuum in two star-forming galaxies. The three methods result in dust attenuations which agree to within the errors. Future application of this technique permits studies of the stellar dust attenuation compared to the nebular attenuation in a representative galaxy sample.
Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars in the Nearby Dwarf Galaxy Leo P*
Authors: Goldman S. R. , Boyer M. L. , McQuinn K. B. W. , Sloan G. C. , McDonald I. , van Loon J. Th. , Zijlstra A. A. , Hirschauer A. S. , Skillman E. D. , Srinivasan S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have conducted a highly sensitive census of the evolved-star population in the metal-poor dwarf galaxy Leo P and detected four asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star candidates. Leo P is one of the best examples of a nearby analog of high-redshift galaxies because of its primitive metal content (2% of the solar value), proximity, and isolated nature, ensuring a less complicated history. Using medium-band optical photometry from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we have classified the AGB candidates by their chemical type. We have identified one oxygen-rich source which appears to be dusty in both the HST and Spitzer observations. Its brightness, however, suggests it may be a planetary nebula or post-AGB object. We have also identified three carbon-rich candidates, one of which may be dusty. Follow-up observations are needed to confirm the nature of these sources and to study the composition of any dust that they produce. If dust is confirmed, these stars would likely be among the most metal-poor examples of dust-producing stars known and will provide valuable insight into our understanding of dust formation at high redshift.
Probing the Environment of High-z Quasars Using the Proximity Effect in Projected Quasar Pairs
Authors: Jalan Priyanka , Chand Hum , Srianand Raghunathan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have used spectra of 181 projected quasar pairs at separations ≤1.5′ from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12 in the redshift range of 2.5–3.5 to probe the proximity regions of the foreground quasars. We study the proximity effect both in the longitudinal and in the transverse directions, by carrying out a comparison of the Lyα absorption lines originating from the vicinity of quasars to those originating from the general intergalactic medium at the same redshift. We found an enhancement in the transmitted flux within 4 Mpc to the quasar in the longitudinal direction. However, the trend is found to be reversed in the transverse direction. In the longitudinal direction, we derived an excess overdensity profile showing an excess up to r ≤ 5 Mpc after correcting for the quasar’s ionization, taking into account the effect of low spectral resolution. This excess overdensity profile matches with the average overdensity profile in the transverse direction without applying any correction for the effect of the quasar’s ionization. Among various possible interpretations, we found that the anisotropic obscuration of the quasar’s ionization seems to be the most probable explanation. This is also supported by the fact that all of our foreground quasars happen to be type 1 AGNs. Finally, we constrain the average quasar’s illumination along the transverse direction as compared to that along the longitudinal direction to be ≤27% (3σ confidence level).
Chronology of Episodic Accretion in Protostars—An ALMA Survey of the CO and H2O Snowlines
Authors: Hsieh Tien-Hao , Murillo Nadia M. , Belloche Arnaud , Hirano Naomi , Walsh Catherine , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Jørgensen Jes K. , Lai Shih-Ping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Episodic accretion has been used to explain the wide range of protostellar luminosities, but its origin and influence on the star-forming process are not yet fully understood. We present an ALMA survey of N2H+ (1−0) and HCO+ (3−2) toward 39 Class 0 and Class I sources in the Perseus molecular cloud. N2H+ and HCO+ are destroyed via gas-phase reactions with CO and H2O, respectively, thus tracing the CO and H2O snowline locations. A snowline location at a much larger radius than that expected from the current luminosity suggests that an accretion burst has occurred in the past that has shifted the snowline outward. We identified 18/18 Class 0 and 9/10 Class I post-burst sources from N2H+ and 7/17 Class 0 and 1/8 Class I post-burst sources from HCO+. The accretion luminosities during the past bursts are found to be ∼10–100 L
⊙. This result can be interpreted as either evolution of burst frequency or disk evolution. In the former case, assuming that refreeze-out timescales are 1000 yr for H2O and 10,000 yr for CO, we found that the intervals between bursts increase from 2400 yr in the Class 0 stage to 8000 yr in the Class I stage. This decrease in the burst frequency may reflect that fragmentation is more likely to occur at an earlier evolutionary stage when the young stellar object is more prone to instability.
An ALMA Study of the FU Ori–type Object V900 Mon: Implications for the Progenitor
Authors: Takami Michihiro , Chen Tsu-Sheng , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Hirano Naomi , Kóspál Ágnes , Ábrahám Péter , Vorobyov Eduard I. , Cruz-Sáenz de Miera Fernando , Csengeri Timea , Green Joel , Hogerheijde Michiel , Hsieh Tien-Hao , Karr Jennifer L. , Dong Ruobing , Trejo Alfonso , Chen Lei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present ALMA observations of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O J = 2–1 lines and the 230 GHz continuum for the FU Ori–type object (FUor) V900 Mon (d ∼ 1.5 kpc), for which the accretion burst was triggered between 1953 and 2009. We identified CO emission associated with a molecular bipolar outflow extending up to an ∼104 au scale and a rotating molecular envelope extending over >104 au. The interaction with the hot energetic FUor wind, which was observed using optical spectroscopy, appears limited to a region within ∼400 au of the star. The envelope mass and collimation of the extended CO outflow suggest that the progenitor of this FUor is a low-mass Class I young stellar object (YSO). These parameters for V900 Mon, another FUor, and a few FUor-like stars are consistent with the idea that FUor outbursts are associated with normal YSOs. The continuum emission is marginally resolved in our observations with a 0.″2 × 0.″15 (∼300 × 225 au) beam, and a Gaussian model provides a deconvolved FWHM of ∼90 au. The emission is presumably associated with a dusty circumstellar disk, plus a possible contribution from a wind or wind cavity close to the star. The warm compact nature of the disk continuum emission could be explained with viscous heating of the disk, while gravitational fragmentation in the outer disk and/or a combination of grain growth and their inward drift may also contribute to its compact nature.
Fossil dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) from the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America
Authors: Archibald S. Bruce , Cannings Robert A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe describe the first dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) from the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands of far-western North America from nine fossils. Six are assigned to five species in four new, named genera of Aeshnidae:Antiquiala snyderaenew genus and species,Idemlinea versatilisnew genus and species,Ypshna brownleeinew genus and species,Ypshna latipennatanew genus and species, andEoshna thompsonensisnew genus and species; we treat one as Aeshnidae genus A, species A; one is assigned to Gomphidae:Auroradraco eosnew genus and species; and we treat a ninth, fragmentary fossil of unknown family affinity as Anisoptera indeterminate genus A, species A, which represents a seventh genus and eighth species. The dominance of Aeshnidae is consistent with other Paleocene and Eocene fossil localities.Auroradraco eosis the only fossil Gomphidae in the roughly 66-million-year gap between occurrences in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber and the early Oligocene of France.Ypshnaappears close toParabaissaeshna ejerslevensefrom the early Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark; this is not surprising given Holarctic intercontinental connections at this time and a growing list of insect taxa shared between the Okanagan Highlands and the Fur Formation.
Sport Specialization and Fitness and Functional Task Performance Among Youth Competitive Gymnasts
Authors: Root Hayley , Marshall Ashley N. , Thatcher Anna , Valier Alison R. Snyder , Valovich McLeod Tamara C. , Bay R. Curtis 
Published: October 2019

ContextGymnastics trains fundamental movement skills but has high rates of early sport specialization. Early specialization is associated with increased injury risk. Gymnasts devote time to developing technical skill, but whether specialization status influences performance is unknown.ObjectiveTo describe the participation and specialization characteristics of youth club gymnastics participants and determine whether the level of specialization is associated with fitness and functional task performance.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study.SettingA single gymnastics facility.Patients or Other ParticipantsData on youth gymnasts (n = 131; 84 females, 47 males; age = 10.9 ± 2.9 years, height = 142.14 ± 16.23 cm, mass = 38.15 ± 12.93 kg) were reviewed.Main Outcome Measure(s)Specialization was assessed using a 3-tiered classification. Fitness measurements consisted of the Gymnastics Functional Measurement Tool, Men's Gymnastics Functional Measurement Tool, and core strength. Functional tasks evaluated hop performance, dynamic balance, and jump-landing technique. Separate analyses of covariance, covaried by age, hours of training, and years of gymnastics participation, were used to identify differences in fitness and functional performance among specialization groups. Pearson product correlations were calculated to evaluate the relationships between training hours per week and years in gymnastics with fitness and functional performance.ResultsMost gymnasts were classified as moderately (50.4%, n = 66) or highly (35.1%, n = 46) specialized. Only 14.5% (n = 19) were classified as having a low level of specialization. Weak to moderate correlations were present between years in gymnastics and most fitness tasks. Moderate to strong correlations were noted between training hours per week and most fitness tasks. Low-specialization gymnasts scored lower on right lower extremity Y-balance (P = .004), upper left extremity Y-balance (P = .033), and right hop performance (P = .039) tests.ConclusionsGymnasts reported high proportions of moderate to high specialization, and many exceeded guidelines for hours participating in gymnastics per week. We did not observe clinically meaningful group differences among specialization status and fitness or functional movement tasks, indicating no clear benefit of gymnastics training to the exclusion of other sports for increased performance.