bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen induces fatty liver disease in breast cancer through the MAPK8/FoxO pathway
Authors: Gong Liuyun , Tang Hanmin , Luo Zhenzhen , Sun Xiao , Tan Xinyue , Xie Lina , Lei Yutiantian , Cai Mengjiao , He Chenchen , Ma Jinlu , Han Suxia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevention of metabolic complications of long‐term adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancers remained a challenge. We aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism in the development of tamoxifen (TAM)‐induced fatty liver in both estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive and ER‐negative breast cancer.Methods and resultsFirst, the direct protein targets (DPTs) of TAM were identified using DrugBank5.1.7. We found that mitogen‐activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8) was one DPT of TAM. We identified significant genes in breast cancer and fatty liver disease (FLD) using the MalaCards human disease database. Next, we analyzed the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of those significant genes in breast cancer and FLD using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING). We found that overlapping KEGG pathways in these two diseases were MAPK signaling pathway, Forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling pathway, HIF‐1 signaling pathway, AGE‐RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, the KEGG Mapper showed that the MAPK signaling pathway was related to the FoxO signaling pathway. Finally, the functional relevance of breast cancer and TAM‐induced FLD was validated by Western blot analysis. We verified that TAM may induce fatty liver in breast cancer through the MAPK8/FoxO signaling pathway.ConclusionBioinformatics analysis combined with conventional experiments may improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying side effects of cancer drugs, thereby making this method a new paradigm for guiding future studies on this issue.
Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides: An overview, including the role of immunophenotyping
Authors: Pulitzer Melissa P. , Horna Pedro , Almeida Julia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis review discusses the definition and major categories of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides, and the role of immunophenotyping in their diagnosis. The following key points are raised: (a) Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides cells most often have a characteristic CD3+ CD4+ CD7− and/or CD26− immunophenotype. (b) This immunophenotype is not specific, but can assist in the distinction from non‐neoplastic T cells and other subtypes of mature T‐cell neoplasm. (c) However, small subsets of normal and reactive T‐cells can have an overlapping immunophenotype, and can be distinguished by evaluating for additional changes in antigen expression.
Nuclear magnetic resonance lipoproteins are associated with carotid atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes and pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Amor Antonio J. , Vinagre Irene , Valverde Maite , Urquizu Xavier , Meler Eva , López Eva , Quirós Carmen , Giménez Marga , Codina Laura , Conget Ignacio , Barahona Maria J. , Perea Verónica 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsPersistence of lipoprotein abnormalities in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and/or pre‐eclampsia could be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed differences in the advanced lipoprotein profiles according to the presence of both conditions and their differential association with atherosclerosis.Material and methodsWe recruited 112 women without CVD and last pregnancy ≥5 years previously, divided into four groups (n = 28 per group): (a) T1D and previous pre‐eclampsia; (b) T1D without pre‐eclampsia; (c) pre‐eclampsia without T1D; and (d) controls (without T1D/pre‐eclampsia). Groups were matched by several risk factors, and diabetes duration and retinopathy in T1D. Carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT) and the presence of plaque (IMT ≥1.5 mm) were assessed by ultrasonography. The lipoprotein profile was evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.ResultsThe participants were 44.9 ± 7.8 years old. Carotid plaque presence was 20.5%, with a higher prevalence in T1D and/or pre‐eclampsia vs controls (P < .05). High‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐related variables differed among groups, mainly driven by an increase in T1D (P < .05), whereas triglyceride‐related variables were increased in pre‐eclampsia [medium very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles and triglyceride enrichment in HDL and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)]. Overall, in multivariate‐adjusted models, LDL‐related variables were the most strongly associated with atherosclerosis (P < .05). In age‐ and statin‐adjusted models, previous pre‐eclampsia showed an independent association with triglyceride‐related variables (plaque: medium‐VLDL‐particles, OR 1.550 [1.013‐2.374]; HDL‐cholesterol/HDL‐triglycerides ratio, OR 0.411 [0.175‐0.967]). Regarding T1D, HDL‐parameters were also differentially associated (maximum‐IMT: HDL‐cholesterol/HDL‐particles ratio, β = −.258, P = .036).ConclusionsNMR lipoproteins were differentially and independently associated with atherosclerosis in T1D/pre‐eclampsia. Further studies are needed to ascertain the role of NMR parameters as CVD biomarkers in this high‐risk population.
Drivers of community turnover differ between avian hemoparasite genera along a North American latitudinal gradient
Authors: Starkloff Naima C. , Kirchman Jeremy J. , Jones Andrew W. , Winger Benjamin M. , Huang Yen‐Hua , Pulgarín‐R Paulo C. , Turner Wendy C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is an established macroecological pattern, but is poorly studied in microbial organisms, particularly parasites. In this study, we tested whether latitude, elevation, and host species predicted patterns of prevalence, alpha diversity, and community turnover of hemosporidian parasites. We expected parasite diversity to decrease with latitude, alongside the diversity of their hosts and vectors. Similarly, we expected infection prevalence to decrease with latitude as vector abundances decrease. Lastly, we expected parasite community turnover to increase with latitudinal distance and to be higher between rather than within host species. We tested these hypotheses by screening blood and tissue samples of three closely related avian species in a clade of North American songbirds (Turdidae: Catharus, n = 466) across 17.5° of latitude. We used a nested PCR approach to identify parasites in hemosporidian genera that are transmitted by different dipteran vectors. Then, we implemented linear‐mixed effects and generalized dissimilarity models to evaluate the effects of latitude, elevation, and host species on parasite metrics. We found high diversity of hemosporidian parasites in Catharus thrushes (n = 44 lineages) but no evidence of latitudinal gradients in alpha diversity or prevalence. Parasites in the genus Leucocytozoon were most prevalent and lineage rich in this study system; however, there was limited turnover with latitude and host species. Contrastingly, Plasmodium parasites were less prevalent and diverse than Leucocytozoon parasites, yet communities turned over at a higher rate with latitude and host species. Leucocytozoon communities were skewed by the dominance of one or two highly prevalent lineages with broad latitudinal distributions. The few studies that evaluate the hemosporidian LDG do not find consistent patterns of prevalence and diversity, which makes it challenging to predict how they will respond to global climate change.
Outage performance of cognitive two‐way amplify‐and‐forward relay network under different transmission schemes
Authors: Al‐Zubi Raed T. , Abu Issa Mohannad T. , Jebreil Omar , Darabkh Khalid A. , Khattabi Yazid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, we study an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing‐based underlay cognitive two‐way amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relay network. We assume a system model consists of a primary network that has two primary users (PUs) and a secondary network that has two secondary users (SUs) exchanging information in two‐way through a half‐duplex AF relay node. The introduced interference from the secondary network on the primary network should not exceed a maximum allowable level. In our study, we assume a channel model called hybrid channel model. Based on this model, the channels between the PUs and SUs are modeled using free‐space path loss model, while the channels between the SUs are modeled using Nakagami‐m fading model. We analyze the proposed system model in terms of signal‐to‐noise‐ratio (SNR) and outage probability (OP) under three different transmission schemes; two time slots, three time slots, and four time slots schemes. The SNR and OP at one end of the secondary network over the three transmission schemes are mathematically derived. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulation is used to verify derivations. Simulation results coincide well with theoretical results, confirming the correctness of our mathematical derivations. In addition, different scenarios of the system are studied, from which we conclude that different factors, like the transmitted power by the primary transmitter and the positions of primary transmitter and receiver as well as the relay node, have significant effect on the outage performance of the secondary network.
Fate of Fe3O4@NH2 in soil and their fixation effect to reduce lead translocation in two rice cultivars
Authors: Chu Chenlu , Lu Chenhao , Yuan Jian , Xing Changrui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe fate of nanoparticles in the ecological chain of agriculture has been concerned as their potential pollution and biological effect to humans with rapid development and massive emission of nanomaterials. Here, we found that two rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L) have different heavy metal accumulation results in the roots and shoots after 15 days growth. Two rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L), grown in soil containing magnetite (Fe3O4@NH2) nanoparticles and heavy metal simultaneous, showed less Pb uptake in the roots and shoots, compared with that without Fe3O4@NH2 added. The shape and magnetic properties of Fe3O4@NH2 have no obvious change; however, the transmission electron microscope (TEM) results showed the shell of Fe3O4@NH2 could be broken in the process of interaction with soil. These results suggested that magnetite nanoparticles, such as Fe3O4@NH2, could potentially be used as the recyclable heavy metal fixation materials for alleviating heavy metal poisoning to plant.
Effects of physical and chemical pretreatments on drying and quality properties of blackberry (Rubus spp.) in hot air dryer
Authors: Kaveh Mohammad , Taghinezhad Ebrahim , Aziz Muhammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis research examines the impact of various pretreatments on effective moisture diffusivity coefficient (Deff), activation energy (Ea), specific energy consumption (SEC), color, and shrinkage of blackberry (Rubus spp.). Hot air drying experiments were conducted under three different temperatures (50, 60, and 70°C) and four pretreatments, including thermal pretreatment by hot water blanching at 70, 80, and 90°C, pulse pretreatment with microwave having power of 90, 180, and 360 W, chemical pretreatment using ascorbic acid (1% in distilled water), and mechanical pretreatment using ultrasonic vibration with working frequency of 28 ± 5% kHz for 15, 30, and 45 min. The results show that the highest Deff value, which was 1.00 × 10–8 m2/s, could be achieved by using a microwave pretreatment with power and drying temperature of 360 W and 70°C͘, respectively. Moreover, the lowest Deff value obtained from this similar pretreatment condition was 3.10 × 10–9 m2/s at a drying temperature of 50°C, while Ea ranged from 13.61 to 26.02 kJ/mol. The highest and lowest SECs were 269.91 kW hr/kg for the control sample and 75.63 kW hr/kg for the microwave pretreatment, respectively. Furthermore, the largest color change and shrinkage were detected in ascorbic acid pretreatment and control sample, respectively.
Lithic raw material procurement at the Chaves cave (Huesca, Spain): A geochemical approach to defining Palaeolithic human mobility
Authors: Sánchez de la Torre Marta , Utrilla Pilar , Domingo Rafael , Jiménez Luis , Le Bourdonnec François‐Xavier , Gratuze Bernard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Chaves cave (Huesca, Spain) is located in the central Pre‐Pyrenean range in NE Iberia. It is a huge cave opening to the east, which was systematically excavated between 1975 and 2007. Several human occupations from the Upper Palaeolithic and the Neolithic periods were documented. Archaeological investigations had barely covered a tenth of the total area when they were abruptly interrupted by the destruction in 2007 of most of the archaeological sediments and all the preserved Neolithic levels that had not yet been excavated. While the most intensive prehistoric occupations of the cave were Neolithic, several components from the Upper Palaeolithic were also detected and excavated before 2007. The recovered lithic tools, as well as the radiocarbon dates, revealed that the Chaves cave was frequented by hunter–gatherer groups during the Upper Solutrean and the Upper Magdalenian. Lithic raw materials from the Palaeolithic levels are diverse, with several chert types identified. The recovered lithic set was subjected to micropaleontological, petrographic and geochemical analyses (energy‐dispersive X‐ray Fluorescence and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). The results revealed several origins for the chert, not only from the southern Pyrenees but also from the northern versant, demonstrating that this mountain range was regularly crossed during the Upper Palaeolithic.
Telomere Dysfunction Activates p53 and Represses HNF4α Expression Leading to Impaired Human Hepatocyte Development and Function
Authors: Munroe Michael , Niero Evandro Luis , Fok Wilson Chun , Vessoni Alexandre Teixeira , Jeong Ho‐Chang , Brenner Kirsten Ann , Batista Luis Francisco Zirnberger 
Published: June 2020

Background and Aims
Telomere attrition is a major risk factor for end‐stage liver disease. Due to a lack of adequate models and intrinsic difficulties in studying telomerase in physiologically relevant cells, the molecular mechanisms responsible for liver disease in patients with telomere syndromes remain elusive. To circumvent that, we used genome editing to generate isogenic human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) harboring clinically relevant mutations in telomerase and subjected them to an in vitro, stage‐specific hepatocyte differentiation protocol that resembles hepatocyte development in vivo.

Approach and Results
Using this platform, we observed that while telomerase is highly expressed in hESCs, it is quickly silenced, specifically due to telomerase reverse transcriptase component (TERT) down‐regulation, immediately after endoderm differentiation and completely absent in in vitro–derived hepatocytes, similar to what is observed in human primary hepatocytes. While endoderm derivation is not impacted by telomere shortening, progressive telomere dysfunction impaired hepatic endoderm formation. Consequently, hepatocyte derivation, as measured by expression of specific hepatic markers as well by albumin expression and secretion, is severely compromised in telomerase mutant cells with short telomeres. Interestingly, this phenotype was not caused by cell death induction or senescence. Rather, telomere shortening prevents the up‐regulation and activation of human hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) in a p53‐dependent manner. Both reactivation of telomerase and silencing of p53 rescued hepatocyte formation in telomerase mutants. Likewise, the conditional expression (doxycycline‐controlled) of HNF4α, even in cells that retained short telomeres, accrued DNA damage, and exhibited p53 stabilization, successfully restored hepatocyte formation from hESCS.

Conclusions
Our data show that telomere dysfunction acts as a major regulator of HNF4α during hepatocyte development, pointing to a target in the treatment of liver disease in telomere‐syndrome patients.
Morphological feature extraction and KNG‐CNN classification of CT images for early lung cancer detection
Authors: Jena Sanjukta Rani , George Selvaraj Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLung cancer is a dangerous disease causing death to individuals. Currently precise classification and differential diagnosis of lung cancer is essential with the stability and accuracy of cancer identification is challenging. Classification scheme was developed for lung cancer in CT images by Kernel based Non‐Gaussian Convolutional Neural Network (KNG‐CNN). KNG‐CNN comprises of three convolutional, two fully connected and three pooling layers. Kernel based Non‐Gaussian computation is used for the diagnosis of false positive or error encountered in the work. Initially Lung Image Database Consortium image collection (LIDC‐IDRI) dataset is used for input images and a ROI based segmentation using efficient CLAHE technique is carried as preprocessing steps, enhancing images for better feature extraction. Morphological features are extracted after the segmentation process. Finally, KNG‐CNN method is used for effectual classification of tumour > 30mm. An accuracy of 87.3% was obtained using this technique. This method is effectual for classifying the lung cancer from the CT scanned image.
Trends in the use of therapeutic plasma exchange in multiple myeloma
Authors: Dhakal Binod , Miller Sophie , Rein Lisa , Pathak Lakshmi Kant , Gloria Lin , Szabo Aniko , Giri Smith , Chhabra Saurabh , Hamadani Mehdi , Paner Agne , Padmanabhan Anand , Janz Siegfried , D'Souza Anita , Hari Parameswaran 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is traditionally performed for hyperviscosity, neuropathy and to mitigate renal injury in the setting of high clonal free light chain burden in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) with unknown clinical benefit.Materials and MethodsRetrospective study of adults ≥18 years with MM who received TPE in the in‐patient setting in the United States from 1993 to 2015. We examined the temporal trends of TPE utilization in MM hospitalizations, hospital charges, in‐hospital mortality, and length of hospitalization and the predictors of in‐hospital mortality and length of hospitalizations.ResultsThe number of MM‐hospitalizations for TPE in adults increased significantly from 1993 to 2015 (1% in 1993‐1999 to 2.1% in 2008‐2015 of all MM discharges, P for trend <.0001). About 70% of TPE recipients had acute kidney injury (AKI). The median hospital charges increased 5‐fold during the time period ($ 24 407 to $ 113 496; P for trend <.0001). In‐hospital mortality decreased (17.5% (SE 2.66) in 1993‐1997 to 8.7% (1.39) in 2007 to 2013) P for trend <.005) while the length of stay remained unchanged (11.2 days vs 11.9 days, P for trend 0.17). On adjusted analysis, significant predictors of in‐hospital mortality among MM TPE recipients include, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (3 vs 2 adjusted odds ratio, aOR 2.16, 95% CI 1.26‐3.71; P = .005), year (continuous) (aOR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90‐0.96; P < .001) and race (other vs white; aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.25‐0.78; P = 0.004).ConclusionsThere has been a substantial increase in the use and associated cost of TPE in hospitalized MM patients.
Community integration when moving on from permanent supportive housing
Authors: Gurdak Kristen , Tiderington Emmy , Stefancic Ana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsThis study explored community integration within a Moving On initiative that assisted individuals with the transition from permanent supportive housing (PSH) to more independent housing without service requirements.MethodsParticipants completed baseline interviews while in PSH (n = 90) and, for those who moved on, a follow‐up 1‐year post‐move (n = 45). Bivariate analyses and OLS regression were used to examine community integration outcomes and potential correlates.ResultsFor participants who moved on, subjective social quality of life and sense of community were higher post‐move, while physical integration decreased, and time spent at home increased. Gender, mastery, and housing quality were associated with community integration post‐move.ConclusionMoving On did not adversely impact most aspects of community integration, though PSH residents may need more support to facilitate participation in routine activities outside their home post‐move. Findings also highlight the importance of supporting mastery given its potential role in community integration.
Dietary composition and particle size effects on swine manure characteristics and gas emissions
Authors: Kerr Brian J. , Trabue Steven L. , Andersen Daniel S. , Van Weelden Mark B. , Pepple Laura M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNutrients excreted from animals affect the nutritive value of manure as a soil amendment as well as the composition of gases emitted from manure storage facilities. There is a dearth of information, however, on how diet type in combination with dietary particle size affects nutrients deposited into manure storage facilities and how this affects manure composition and gas emissions. To fill this knowledge gap, an animal feeding trial was performed to evaluate potential interactive effects between feed particle size and diet composition on manure characteristics and manure‐derived gaseous emissions. Forty‐eight finishing pigs housed in individual metabolism crates that allowed for daily collection of urine and feces were fed diets differing in fiber content and particle size. Urine and feces were collected and stored in 446‐L stainless steel containers for 49 d. There were no interactive effects between diet composition and feed particle size on any manure or gas emission parameter measured. In general, diets higher in fiber content increased manure nitrogen (N), carbon (C), and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and increased manure VFA emissions but decreased manure ammonia emissions. Decreasing the particle size of the diet lowered manure N, C, VFAs, phenolics, and indole concentrations and decreased manure emissions of total VFAs. Neither diet composition nor particle size affected manure greenhouse gas emissions.
Response of soil fertility to 25 years of experimental acidification in a temperate hardwood forest
Authors: Gilliam Frank S. , Adams Mary Beth , Peterjohn William T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe effects of enhanced acid deposition from the atmosphere, and associated elevated inputs of N, are widely evident, especially for forests where excess N has led to a variety of deleterious effects. These include declines in biodiversity, a response that will likely require considerable time for recovery. The purpose of this study was to determine responses of plant nutrient availability in surface mineral soil to 25 yr of experimental acidification and N addition in a central Appalachian hardwood forest ecosystem. We hypothesized that chronic additions of (NH4)2SO4 will increase mineral N, decrease soil pH, P, and base cations, increase micronutrients (Mn2+ and Fe2+), and increase levels of Al3+. Results supported these predictions, although Mn2+ did not vary significantly. Earlier work on these plots found no response of any of the extractable nutrients to 3 yr of treatment, yet after 25 yr, our results suggest that impacts are apparent in the top 5 cm of the A horizon. We surmise that impacts in these soils may have lagged behind the onset of acidification treatments or that several years of treatment were required to overcome preexisting differences in soil ions. Generally, current findings confirm that (NH4)2SO4 treatments have lowered the pH, enhanced levels of exchangeable Al3+, and increased stream‐water exports of NO3− and base cations—a process that further acidifies soil. The combination of these changes in surface soils, with their high proportion of fine roots, may contribute to the reduced growth and competitiveness of some hardwood species at the acidified site.