bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of an Age-Appropriate Website for Children Requiring Clean Intermittent Catheterization
Authors: de Avila Marla Andréia Garcia , Rabello Thaís , de Araújo Maria Paula Bortoleti , Amaro João Luiz , Zornoff Denise de Cássia Moreira , Ferreira Ana Silvia Sartori Barraviera Seabra , de Oliveira Ananda Stefani 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose
This study describes the development and validation of an age-appropriate website for preschool children who require clean intermittent catheterization (CIC).

Methods
An age-appropriate website was developed at an academic medical center in Brazil and included child-friendly characters, details of the urinary system anatomy and physiology, hand-washing, and the CIC procedure. Content was validated by physicians, nurses, and health informatics professionals. Face validity was assessed by parents.

Findings
Content and face validity indices were 0.94 and 0.92, respectively.

Conclusions
The free website (www.doutorbexiga.com.br) was successfully validated and considered suitable and user-friendly for the health education of children requiring CIC.

Clinical Relevance
Physicians and nurses can use the website as a model for developing similar materials. The website can be a resource for health professionals and parents of children with spinal cord injury or other neurological disorders to encourage children to learn about CIC through animated educational materials.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Ojha Vineeta , Verma Mansi , Pandey Niraj N. , Mani Avinash , Malhi Amarinder S. , Kumar Sanjeev , Jagia Priya , Roy Ambuj , Sharma Sanjiv 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with its new quantitative mapping techniques has proved to be an essential diagnostic tool for detecting myocardial injury associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. This systematic review sought to assess the important imaging features on CMR in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a systematic literature review within the PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and WHO databases for articles describing the CMR findings in COVID-19 patients.

Results:
A total of 34 studies comprising 199 patients were included in the final qualitative synthesis. Of the CMRs 21% were normal. Myocarditis (40.2%) was the most prevalent diagnosis. T1 (109/150; 73%) and T2 (91/144; 63%) mapping abnormalities, edema on T2/STIR (46/90; 51%), and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) (85/199; 43%) were the most common imaging findings. Perfusion deficits (18/21; 85%) and extracellular volume mapping abnormalities (21/40; 52%), pericardial effusion (43/175; 24%), and pericardial LGE (22/100; 22%) were also seen. LGE was most commonly seen in the subepicardial location (81%) and in the basal-mid part of the left ventricle in inferior segments. In most of the patients, ventricular functions were normal. Kawasaki-like involvement with myocardial edema without necrosis/LGE (4/6; 67%) was seen in children.

Conclusion:
CMR is useful in assessing the prevalence, mechanism, and extent of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients. Myocarditis is the most common imaging diagnosis, with the common imaging findings being mapping abnormalities and myocardial edema on T2, followed by LGE. As cardiovascular involvement is associated with poor prognosis, its detection warrants prompt attention and appropriate treatment.
Advanced age heightens hepatic damage in a murine model of scald burn injury
Authors: Idrovo Juan-Pablo , Boe Devin M. , Kaahui Soncy , Walrath Travis , McMahan Rachel H. , Kovacs Elizabeth J. 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND
Elderly burn patients exhibit a lower survival rate compared with younger counterparts. The liver is susceptible to damage after burn injury, which predisposes to poor outcomes. Lipid homeostasis and the antioxidant glutathione system play fundamental roles in preserving liver integrity. Herein, we explored changes in these major pathways associated with liver damage in the aging animals after burn injury.

METHODS
We compared liver enzymes, histology, lipid-peroxidation, and glutathione-metabolism profiles from young and aged female mice after a 15% total body surface area burn. Mice were euthanized at 24 hours after injury, and livers and serum were collected.

RESULTS
Aged burn animals exhibited elevated (p < 0.05) aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels and increased inflammatory cell infiltration, edema, and necrosis compared with their younger counterparts. The percentage of adipophilin-stained area in livers from young sham, young burn, aged sham, and aged burn groups was 10%, 44%, 16%, and 78% (p < 0.05), respectively. Liver malondialdehyde levels were 1.4 ± 0.5 nmol/mg, 2.06 ± 0.2 nmol/mg, 1.81 ± 0.12 nmol/mg, and 3.45 ± 0.2 nmol/mg (p < 0.05) in young sham, young burn, aged sham, and aged burn mice, respectively. Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content increased 50% in the young burn, and 88% in aged burn animals compared with the young sham group (p < 0.05). The reduced glutathione GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly reduced by 54% in aged burn mice compared with young sham animals (p < 0.05). Furthermore, glutathione peroxidase gene expression showed a 96% decrease in the aged burn group compared with young sham mice (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Aged burn animals exhibit severe liver damage from heightened lipid peroxidation and inadequate antioxidative response. The increased peroxidation is associated with abundant lipid deposits in hepatic tissue postburn and a weak antioxidative response due to hepatic glutathione peroxidase downregulation. Further studies will focus on the functional significance of these findings concerning hepatic homeostasis.
“We tend to get pad happy”: a qualitative study of health practitioners’ perspectives on continence care for older people in hospital
Authors: Percival John , Abbott Katharine , Allain Theresa , Bradley Rachel , Cramp Fiona , Donovan Jenny , McCabe Candy , Neubauer Kyra , Redwood Sabi , Cotterill Nikki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundBladder and bowel control difficulties affect twenty and ten per cent of the UK population respectively, touch all age groups and are particularly prevalent in the older (65+) population. However, the quality of continence care is often poor, compromising patient health and wellbeing, increasing the risk of infection and is a predisposing factor to nursing and residential home placement.ObjectiveTo identify factors that help or hinder good continence care in hospital.MethodsWe conducted 27 qualitative interviews with nursing, medical and allied health practitioners in three hospitals. We used a purposive sample and analysed data thematically, both manually and with the aid of NVivo software.ResultsInterviews revealed perspectives on practice promoting or inhibiting good quality continence care, as well as suggestions for improvements. Good continence care was said to be advanced through person-centred care, robust assessment and monitoring, and a proactive approach to encouraging patient independence. Barriers to quality care centred on lack of oversight, automatic use of incontinence products and staffing pressures. Suggested improvements centred on participatory care, open communication and care planning with a higher bladder and bowel health profile. In order to drive such improvements, hospital-based practitioners indicate a need and desire for regular continence care training.ConclusionsFindings help explain the persistence of barriers to providing good quality care for patients with incontinence. Resolute continence promotion, in hospitals and throughout the NHS, would reduce reliance on products and the accompanying risks of patient dependency and catheter associated gram negative bacteraemia. Robust assessment and care planning, open communication and regular continence care training would assist such promotion and also help mitigate resource limitations by developing safer, time-efficient continence care.
Theoretical Epidemic Laws Based on Data of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Guo Junke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe standard growth model of epidemic evolution such as the Richards generalized logistic function is remarkably successful because it agrees with almost all previous epidemic data. Yet, it fails to explain intervention measures for mitigations of the ongoing coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic. It also fails to replicate an endemic phase that occurs in many countries epidemic curves (time series data of daily new cases). These discrepancies demonstrate that new epidemic laws are required to understand, predict and mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we show that almost all COVID-19 evolution can be modeled by three innovative epidemic laws. Specifically, based on the world COVID-19 data, we first divide an epidemic curve into three phases: an exponential growth phase, an exponential decay phase, and a constant endemic phase. We next integrate the growth and the decay phases into the first epidemic law with interventions as a model parameter. This law is completely opposite to the Richards generalized logistic function in terms of intervention measures. We then combine the first epidemic law with the endemic phase to form the second epidemic law, which makes the curve of cumulative cases increase linearly as time tends to infinity. The third epidemic law states if an epidemic is composed of multiple epidemic waves, the superposition principle applies. These laws were confirmed by the COVID-19 data from 18 countries including undeveloped, developing and developed countries. Finally, we pave the way for future research to incorporate the proposed theory into the classic SIR model. We anticipate that the results from this research can provide a scientific base for governments to mitigate the COVID-19 and other epidemic disasters.
THE DUAL-TASK COST IS DUE TO NEURAL INTERFERENCES DISRUPTING THE OPTIMAL SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF THE COMPETING TASKS
Authors: Mac-Auliffe Diego , Chatard Benoit , Petton Mathilde , Croizé Anne-Claire , Sipp Florian , Bontemps Benjamin , Gannerie Adrien , Bertrand Olivier , Rheims Sylvain , Kahane Philippe , Lachaux Jean-Philippe 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTDual-tasking is extremely prominent nowadays, despite ample evidence that it comes with a performance cost: the Dual-Task (DT) cost. Neuroimaging studies have established that tasks are more likely to interfere if they rely on common brain regions, but the precise neural origin of the DT cost has proven elusive so far, mostly because fMRI does not record neural activity directly and cannot reveal the key effect of timing, and how the spatio-temporal neural dynamics of the tasks coincide.Recently, DT electrophysiological studies in monkeys have recorded neural populations shared by the two tasks with millisecond precision to provide a much finer understanding of the origin of the DT cost. We used a similar approach in humans, with intracranial EEG, to assess the neural origin of the DT cost in a particularly challenging naturalistic paradigm which required accurate motor responses to frequent visual stimuli (task T1) and the retrieval of information from long-term memory (task T2), as when answering passengers’ questions while driving.We found that T2 elicited neuroelectric interferences in the gamma-band (>40 Hz), in key regions of the T1 network including the Multiple Demand Network. They reproduced the effect of disruptive electrocortical stimulations to create a situation of dynamical incompatibility, which might explain the DT cost. Yet, participants were able to flexibly adapt their strategy to minimize interference, and most surprisingly, reduce the reliance of T1 on key regions of the executive control network – the anterior insula and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex – with no performance decrement.HIGHLIGHTS- First direct evidence in humans of neural interferences between two tasks.- First explanation of the Dual-Task cost at the neural level in humans.- First Dual-Tasking study with intracranial EEG in naturalistic conditions.
Linkage disequilibrium under polysomic inheritance
Authors: Huang Kang , Dunn Derek W. , Li Wenkai , Wang Dan , Li Baoguo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe influence of genetic drift on linkage disequilibrium in finite populations has been extensively studied in diploids. However, to date the effects of ploidy on LD has not been extensively studied. We here extend the linkage disequilibrium measureDand Burrow’s Δ statistic to include polysomic inheritance, as well as their corresponding squared correlation coefficientsr2and, where the former is for phased genotypes and the latter for unphased genotypes. Weir & Hill’s double non-identity framework is also extended to include polysomic inheritance, and the expressions of double non-identity coefficients are derived under five mating systems. On this basis, the approximated expectations of estimatedr2andat equilibrium state,d2andδ2, are derived under five mating systems. We assess the behaviors of the estimatedr2andand the influence of the recombination rate ond2orδ2, simulate the application of estimating effective population size, and evaluate the statistical performance of the method of estimating.
The genetic case for cardiorespiratory fitness as a clinical vital sign and the routine prescription of physical activity in healthcare
Authors: Hanscombe Ken B. , Persyn Elodie , Traylor Matthew , Glanville Kylie P. , Hamer Mark , Coleman Jonathan R. I. , Lewis Cathryn M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) are well-established predictors of morbidity and all-cause mortality. However, CRF is not routinely measured and PA not routinely prescribed as part of standard healthcare. The American Heart Association (AHA) recently presented a scientific case for the inclusion of CRF as a clinical vital sign based on epidemiological and clinical observation. Here, we leverage genetic data in the UK Biobank (UKB) to strengthen the case for CRF as a vital sign, and make a case for the prescription of PA.MethodsWe derived two CRF measures from the heart rate data collected during a submaximal cycle ramp test: CRF-vo2max, an estimate of the participants’ maximum volume of oxygen uptake, per kilogram of body weight, per minute; and CRF-slope, an estimate of the rate of increase of heart rate during exercise. Average PA over a 7-day period was derived from a wrist-worn activity tracker. After quality control, 70,783 participants had data on the two derived CRF measures, and 89,683 had PA data. We performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses by sex, and post-GWAS techniques to understand genetic architecture of the traits and prioritize functional genes for follow-up.ResultsWe found strong evidence that genetic variants associated with CRF and PA influenced genetic expression in a relatively small set of genes in heart, artery, lung, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. These functionally relevant genes were enriched among genes known to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and Alzheimer’s disease (three of the top 10 causes of death in high-income countries) as well as Parkinson’s disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory phenotypes. Genetic variation associated with lower CRF and PA was also correlated with several disease risk factors (including greater body mass index, body fat and multiple obesity phenotypes); a typical T2D profile (including higher insulin resistance, higher fasting glucose, impaired beta-cell function, hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridemia); increased risk for CAD and T2D; and a shorter lifespan.ConclusionsGenetics supports three decades of evidence for the inclusion of CRF as a clinical vital sign. Given the genetic, clinical, and epidemiological evidence linking CRF and PA to increased morbidity and mortality, regular measurement of CRF as a marker of health and routine prescription of PA could be a prudent strategy to support public health.
Stress-related emotional and behavioural impact following the first COVID-19 outbreak peak
Authors: Benjamin Asaf , Kuperman Yael , Eren Noa , Amitai Maya , Rossman Hagai , Shilo Smadar , Meir Tomer , Keshet Ayya , Shwartz Orit Nuttman , Segal Eran , Chen Alon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses multiple psychologically-stressful challenges and is associated with increased risk for mental illness. Previous studies have mostly focused on the psychopathological symptoms associated with the outbreak peak.MethodsWe examined the behavioural and mental health impact of the pandemic in Israel using an online survey. We collected 12,125 responses from 4,933 adult respondents during six weeks encompassing the end of the first outbreak and the beginning of the second. We used clinically validated instruments (Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18), Perceived stress scale (PSS), Brief COPE inventory) to assess anxiety- and depression-related emotional distress, symptoms, and coping strategies, as well as questions designed to specifically assess COVID-19-related concerns.ResultsRespondents indicated worrying more about the situation in their country and their close ones contracting the virus, than about their own health and financial situation. The reported distress correlates with the number of new COVID-19 cases and higher emotional burden was associated with being female, younger, unemployed, living in low socioeconomic status localities, encountering more people, and experiencing physiological symptoms. Unexpectedly, older age and having a prior medical condition were associated with reduced emotional distress.ConclusionsOur findings show that inequalities in mental-health burden associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are relevant also following the initial outbreak, and highlight the environmental context and its importance in understanding individual ability to cope with the long-term stressful challenges of the pandemic.
A Selective Increase in OC Symptoms is Driving Information Seeking and Guideline Adherence During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Loosen Alisa M. , Skvortsova Vasilisa , Hauser Tobias U. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreased mental health problems as a reaction to stressful life events, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, are common. Critically, successful adaptation helps reduce such symptoms to baseline, preventing long-term psychiatric disorders. It is thus important to understand whether and which psychiatric symptoms only show transient elevations, and which persist long-term and become chronically heightened. At particular risk for the latter trajectory are disorders with symptoms directly affected by the pandemic, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder.MethodsIn this longitudinal large-scale study (N=416), we assessed how obsessive-compulsive (OC), anxiety, and depression symptoms changed throughout the course of the first pandemic wave in a sample of the general UK public. We further examined how these symptoms affected pandemic-related information seeking and adherence to governmental guidelines.FindingsAll psychiatric domains were initially elevated, but showed distinct adaptation patterns. Depression scores decreased during the first pandemic wave, however, OC symptoms further increased, even after the end of lockdown. These OC symptoms were directly linked to Covid-related information seeking which gave rise to higher adherence to government guidelines.InterpretationThe rise and persistence of OC symptoms, despite the ease of Covid-19 restrictions, shows that OCD is disproportionally and chronically affected by the pandemic. This is particularly worrying with regards to the long-term impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on public mental health and indicates that patients with OCD may require particular treatment efforts.
A common 1.6 Mb Y-chromosomal inversion predisposes to subsequent deletions and severe spermatogenic failure in humans
Authors: Hallast Pille , Kibena Laura , Punab Margus , Arciero Elena , Rootsi Siiri , Grigorova Marina , Flores Rodrigo , Jobling Mark A. , Poolamets Olev , Pomm Kristjan , Korrovits Paul , Rull Kristiina , Xue Yali , Tyler-Smith Chris , Laan Maris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMale infertility is a prevalent condition, concerning 5-10% of men. So far, only some recurrent genetic factors have been described as confident contributors to spermatogenic failure. Here, we report the first re-sequencing study of the Y-chromosomalAzoospermia Factor c(AZFc) region combined with gene dosage and Y-haplogroup determination. In analysing 2,324 Estonian men, we uncovered a novel structural variant as a high-penetrant risk factor to male infertility. The Y lineage R1a1-M458, reported at >20% frequency in several European populations, carries a fixed ∼1.6 Mb longr2/r3inversion destabilizing theAZFcregion and predisposing to recurrent microdeletions. Such complex rearrangements were significantly enriched among severe oligozoospermia cases. The carriervsnon-carrier risk to spermatogenic failure was increased 8.6-fold (p= 6.0 × 10−4). The finding contributes to improved molecular diagnostics and clinical management of infertility. Carrier identification in young age will facilitate timely counselling and reproductive decision-making.
Ligand-receptor promiscuity enables cellular addressing
Authors: Su Christina J. , Murugan Arvind , Linton James M. , Yeluri Akshay , Bois Justin , Klumpe Heidi , Antebi Yaron E. , Elowitz Michael B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn multicellular organisms, secreted ligands selectively activate, or “address,” specific target cell populations to control cell fate decision-making and other processes. Key cell-cell communication pathways use multiple promiscuously interacting ligands and receptors, provoking the question of how addressing specificity can emerge from molecular promiscuity. To investigate this issue, we developed a general mathematical modeling framework based on the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway architecture. We find that promiscuously interacting ligand-receptor systems allow a small number of ligands, acting in combinations, to address a larger number of individual cell types, each defined by its receptor expression profile. Promiscuous systems outperform seemingly more specific one-to-one signaling architectures in addressing capacity. Combinatorial addressing extends to groups of cell types, is robust to receptor expression noise, grows more powerful with increasing receptor multiplicity, and is maximized by specific biochemical parameter relationships. Together, these results identify fundamental design principles governing cell addressing by ligand combinations.