bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economía Social y Solidaria: la necesidad de una pedagogía solidaria para contrarrestar la ambigüedad y la incertidumbre económica
Authors: Albuquerque Paulo P. de 
Published: January 2020

El artículo reflexiona sobre las ventajas de la asociación/cooperación y de la organización solidaria en un mundo complejo que exige retomar los presupuestos del paradigma asociativo y de la necesidad de una pedagogía política para contrarrestar al escenario societario de ambigüedad e incertidumbre de la contemporaneidad; pensar solidaridad implica en cambiar de matriz analítica de la modernidad y señala que la no-banalización de los principios de la participación y del compromiso necesitan se concretizar en un conjunto de medidas políticas que buscan la democratización y socializar los saberes que de hecho pasa por una pedagogía solidária.
This paper reflects on the advantages of the association/cooperation and the solidarity organization in a complex world. It requires reestablishing the presuppositions of cooperative paradigm and the necessity of a political pedagogy to contradict the society stage of ambiguity and contemporaneity uncertainty because to think solidarity implies changing the analytical base of modernity. It points that the non-trivialization of participation and commitment principles need to be concretized in a set of policy measures that search for the democratization and socialization of knowledge that per pass solidarity pedagogy.
Syntactic ambiguity of (complex) nominal groups in technical English
Authors: Borucinsky Mirjana , Kegalj Jana 
Published: January 2020

Complex nominal groups are common in technical English (i.e. English for Specific Purposes, ESP) as they allow lexical items to be tightly packed into a clause. This leads to increased lexical density and syntactic ambiguity.
In this paper we analyze (complex) nominal groups in technical English, assuming that it is not only the context and extralinguistic knowledge (i.e. shared technical background that the ESP teacher does not necessarily possess) that help solve the syntactic ambiguity, but that the structure of the nominal group, or more precisely the position of modifiers within the group can help disambiguate the meaning. Thus, modifiers standing farthest from the head have the least specifying potential and are followed by those which restrict the meaning of the entire nominal group. In the example steam reciprocating engine (vs.*reciprocating steam engine) the participle reciprocating has a more specific meaning and is thus closer to the head of the nominal group.
The results show how the type of modification (linear or non-linear) can help disambiguate complex nominal groups. The main contribution of the paper is to help the ESP teacher, who is not a specialist in the field of (marine) engineering, process, understand and successfully teach complex nominal groups.
The relationship between resting heart rate and aggression in males is racially variant
Authors: Portnoy Jill , Jennings J. Richard , Matthews Karen A. , Pardini Dustin , Raine Adrian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough resting heart rate is thought to be a generalizable risk factor for aggression, very little research has examined whether this relationship varies by race. We addressed this limitation using longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Youth Study. Current data are from 197 men who participated in a teenage biosocial study (mean age = 15.7 years) and adult follow‐up study (mean age = 32.1 years). Teenage resting heart rate interacted with race to predict teenage and adult aggression. The relationship between heart rate and aggression was significant in White, but not in Black males. To our knowledge, this is the first study to find that the relationship between resting heart rate and aggression is racially variant, suggesting that resting heart rate may not be a generalizable biomarker for conduct problems. At an intervention‐level, findings could contribute to the development of more accurate risk assessment tools that take into account racial variance in risk factors.
Universal Health Literacy Precautions Are Associated With a Significant Increase in Medication Adherence in Vulnerable Rheumatology Patients
Authors: Hirsh Joel , Wood Patrick , Keniston Angela , Boyle Dennis , Quinzanos Itziar , Caplan Liron , Davis Lisa 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveOur objective was to determine the impact of the Health Literacy Universal Precautions Toolkit, adapted for rheumatology, on medication adherence, patient satisfaction, and feasibility in all patients; its effect on the clinical disease activity index (CDAI) was studied in a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) subpopulation.MethodsData collected during a 6‐month prospective quality assurance intervention was compared with data from a prior 6‐month period. Interventions included 1) encouraging questions, 2) teach‐back communication, and 3) brown‐bag medication review. Analysis was performed using linear regression or generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression.ResultsDuring the intervention period, 46 physicians completed 1737 patient visits. Questions were encouraged, and teach‐back communication was performed in more than 90% of visits. Brown‐bag medication reviews were performed in 47% of visits overall and 69% of visits in a subgroup that received additional reminder calls. Visit duration and patient satisfaction were not significantly increased. Adherence for rheumatology‐related medications that were prescribed both before and during the intervention increased by 22% (P ≤ 0.001; by GEE). Teach‐back communication predicted a statistically significant improvement in medication adherence in this subpopulation (by linear regression). The mean CDAI did not improve; however, African American race and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with a decreased CDAI (by GEE).ConclusionImplementation of the Health Literacy Universal Precautions Toolkit, adapted for rheumatology, improved medication adherence in our safety‐net clinic, with particularly strong effects seen with teach‐back communication. In certain populations, use of the toolkit may also improve RA disease activity. This is the first study to document improved medication adherence with this intervention in a real‐world setting.
Exploiting Phonon‐Resonant Near‐Field Interaction for the Nanoscale Investigation of Extended Defects
Authors: Hauer Benedikt , Marvinney Claire E. , Lewin Martin , Mahadik Nadeemullah A. , Hite Jennifer K. , Bassim Nabil , Giles Alexander J. , Stahlbush Robert E. , Caldwell Joshua D. , Taubner Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe evolution of wide bandgap semiconductor materials has led to dramatic improvements for electronic applications at high powers and temperatures. However, the propensity of extended defects provides significant challenges for implementing these materials in commercial electronic and optical applications. While a range of spectroscopic and microscopic tools have been developed for identifying and characterizing these defects, such techniques typically offer either technique exclusively, and/or may be destructive. Scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscopy (s‐SNOM) is a nondestructive method capable of simultaneously collecting topographic and spectroscopic information with frequency‐independent nanoscale spatial precision (≈20 nm). Here, how extended defects within 4H‐SiC manifest in the infrared phonon response using s‐SNOM is investigated and the response with UV‐photoluminescence, secondary electron and electron channeling contrast imaging, and transmission electron microscopy is correlated. The s‐SNOM technique identifies evidence of step‐bunching, recombination‐induced stacking faults, and threading screw dislocations, and demonstrates interaction of surface phonon polaritons with extended defects. The results demonstrate that phonon‐enhanced infrared nanospectroscopy and spatial mapping via s‐SNOM provide a complementary, nondestructive technique offering significant insights into extended defects within emerging semiconductor materials and devices and thus serves as an important diagnostic tool to help advance material growth efforts for electronic, photonic, phononic, and quantum optical applications.
Advantageous Functional Integration of Adsorption‐Intercalation‐Conversion Hybrid Mechanisms in 3D Flexible Nb2O5@Hard Carbon@MoS2@Soft Carbon Fiber Paper Anodes for Ultrafast and Super‐Stable Sodium Storage
Authors: Deng Qinglin , Chen Feng , Liu Si , Bayaguud Aruuhan , Feng Yuezhan , Zhang Zhibo , Fu Yanpeng , Yu Yan , Zhu Changbao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUsing synergetic effects of various sodium storage modes and materials to construct high power, high energy, and long cycling flexible sodium anode materials is significant and still challenging. Here, by advantageous functional integration of adsorption‐intercalation‐conversion sodium storage mechanisms, a 3D flexible fiber paper anode with the composition of Nb2O5@hard carbon@MoS2@soft carbon is designed and prepared. Based on the synergetic effects, it exhibits higher specific capacity than pure Nb2O5, with more excellent rate performance (245, 201, 155, 133, and 97 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.2, 1, 5, 10, and 20 A g−1, respectively) than pure MoS2 as well as admirable long‐term cycling characteristics (≈82% capacity retention after 20 000 cycles at 5 A g−1). Relevant kinetics mechanisms are expounded in detail. This work can be helpful for preparing other types of hybrid and flexible electrodes for energy storage systems.
Controlled Design of Well‐Dispersed Ultrathin MoS2 Nanosheets inside Hollow Carbon Skeleton: Toward Fast Potassium Storage by Constructing Spacious “Houses” for K Ions
Authors: Cui Yongpeng , Liu Wei , Feng Wenting , Zhang Yuan , Du Yongxu , Liu Shuang , Wang Huanlei , Chen Ming , Zhou Junan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe large volume expansion induced by K+ intercalation is always a big challenge for designing high‐performance electrode materials in potassium‐ion storage system. Based on the idea that large‐sized ions should accommodate big “houses,” a facile‐induced growth strategy is proposed to achieve the self‐loading of MoS2 clusters inside a hollow tubular carbon skeleton (HTCS). Meantime, a step‐by‐step intercalation technology is employed to tune the interlayer distance and the layer number of MoS2. Based on the above, the ED‐MoS2@CT hybrids are achieved by self‐loading and anchoring the well‐dispersed ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets on the inner surface of HTCSs. This unique compositing model not only alleviates the mechanical strain efficiently, but also provides spacious “roads” (hollow tubular carbon skeleton) and “houses” (interlayer expanded ultrathin MoS2 sheets) for fast K+ transition and storage. As an anode of potassium‐ion batteries, the resultant ED‐MoS2@CT electrode delivers a high specific capacity of 148.5 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 10 000 cycles with only 0.002% fading per cycle. The assembled ED‐MoS2@CT//PC potassium‐ion hybrid supercapacitor device shows a high energy density of 148 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 965 W kg−1, which is comparable to that of lithium‐ion hybrid supercapacitors.
Targeted Tumor Hypoxia Dual‐Mode CT/MR Imaging and Enhanced Radiation Therapy Using Dendrimer‐Based Nanosensitizers
Authors: Fan Yu , Tu Wenzhi , Shen Mingwu , Chen Xuming , Ning Yuesheng , Li Junjun , Chen Tingfeng , Wang Han , Yin Fangfang , Liu Yong , Shi Xiangyang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) is often limited by the poor response of hypoxia inside most solid tumors. The development of a theranostic nanoplatform for precision‐imaging‐guided sensitized RT for tumor hypoxia is still challenging. Herein, the creation of hypoxia‐targeted dendrimer‐entrapped gold nanoparticles complexed with gadolinium(III) (Gd‐Au DENPs‐Nit) for dual‐mode CT/MR imaging and sensitized RT of hypoxic tumors is reported. In this work, generation 5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers are partially conjugated with Gd(III) chelator, entrapped with Au nanoparticles, and conjugated with hypoxia‐targeting agent nitroimidazole via a polyethylene glycol linker, and ending with chelation of Gd(III) and conversion of their leftover amine termini to acetamides. The designed dendrimer‐based nanohybrids with 3.2 nm Au cores exhibit an excellent X‐ray attenuation effect, acceptable r1 relaxivity (1.32 mM−1 s−1), and enhanced cellular uptake in hypoxic cancer cells, affording efficient dual‐mode CT/MR imaging of tumor hypoxia. Under X‐ray irradiation, the Gd‐Au DENPs‐Nit nanohybrids can produce reactive oxygen species, promote DNA damage, and prevent DNA repair, facilitating sensitized RT of hypoxic cancer cells in vitro and tumor hypoxia in vivo. The developed hypoxia‐targeted dendrimer‐based nanohybrids may be employed as both contrast agents and nanosensitizers for precision tumor hypoxia imaging and sensitized tumor RT.
Astrocyte‐Encapsulated Hydrogel Microfibers Enhance Neuronal Circuit Generation
Authors: Kim Beom Jin , Choi Ji Yu , Choi Hyunwoo , Han Sol , Seo Jeongyeon , Kim Jungnam , Joo Sunghoon , Kim Hyo Min , Oh Chungik , Hong Seungbum , Kim Pilnam , Choi Insung S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAstrocytes, the most representative glial cells in the brain, play a multitude of crucial functions for proper neuronal development and synaptic‐network formation, including neuroprotection as well as physical and chemical support. However, little attention has been paid, in the neuroregenerative medicine and related fields, to the cytoprotective incorporation of astrocytes into neuron‐culture scaffolds and full‐fledged functional utilization of encapsulated astrocytes for controlled neuronal development. In this article, a 3D neurosupportive culture system for enhanced induction of neuronal circuit generation is reported, where astrocytes are confined in hydrogel microfibers and protected from the outside. The astrocyte‐encapsulated microfibers significantly accelerate the neurite outgrowth and guide its directionality, and enhance the synaptic formation, without any physical contact with the neurons. This astrocyte‐laden system provides a pivotal culture scaffold for advanced development of cell‐based therapeutics for neural injuries, such as spinal cord injury.
Ultrathin Ni(0)‐Embedded Ni(OH)2 Heterostructured Nanosheets with Enhanced Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Dai Lei , Chen Zhe‐Ning , Li Liuxiao , Yin Peiqun , Liu Zhengqing , Zhang Hua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe efficiency of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen is highly dependent on the catalyst used. Herein, ultrathin Ni(0)‐embedded Ni(OH)2 heterostructured nanosheets, referred to as Ni/Ni(OH)2 nanosheets, with superior water splitting activity are synthesized by a partial reduction strategy. This synthetic strategy confers the heterostructured Ni/Ni(OH)2 nanosheets with abundant Ni(0)‐Ni(II) active interfaces for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and Ni(II) defects as transitional active sites for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The obtained Ni/Ni(OH)2 nanosheets exhibit noble metal‐like electrocatalytic activities toward overall water splitting in alkaline condition, to offer 10 mA cm−2 in HER and OER, the required overpotentials are only 77 and 270 mV, respectively. Based on such an outstanding activity, a water splitting electrolysis cell using the Ni/Ni(OH)2 nanosheets as the cathode and anode electrocatalysts has been successfully built. When the output voltage of the electrolytic cell is 1.59 V, a current density of 10 mA cm−2 can be obtained. Moreover, the durability of Ni/Ni(OH)2 nanosheets in the alkaline electrolyte is much better than that of noble metals. No obvious performance decay is observed after 20 h of catalysis. This facile strategy paves the way for designing highly active non‐precious‐metal catalyst to generate both hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water at room temperature.
Bioinspired PDMS–Phosphor–Silicone Rubber Sandwich‐Structure Coatings for Combating Biofouling
Authors: Jin Huichao , Bing Wei , Jin E. , Tian Limei , Jiang Yonggang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInspired by the antifouling strategies of fluorescent corals and Gulf parrotfish, a novel polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)–phosphor–silicone rubber sandwich‐structure coating is fabricated for combating biofouling. The coatings can emit weak light during night hours and have hydrophilic surfaces. The effectiveness of the coatings against various algae and bacteria, namely, Chlorella, Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima, gram‐negative Paracoccus pantotrophus, and gram‐positive Bacillus subtili is investigated. The results show that the PDMS–phosphor–silicone rubber sandwich‐structure coatings have broad‐spectrum antifouling performances. The results also demonstrate that surface hydrophilicity can effectively reduce adhesion of algae and bacteria, and that fluorescence inhibits only algae. In addition, the effect is revealed of the wavelength of different colored phosphor layers on antifouling capability to resist Chlorella and N. closterium f. minutissima. Blue (427 nm), yellow (663 nm), and red (731 nm) phosphor layers are conducive to combating Chlorella and N. closterium f. minutissima, whereas the green (512 nm) phosphor layer shows no distinct effect on resisting Chlorella and N. closterium f. minutissima. These findings can contribute to the development of new antifouling coatings. In addition, the antifouling capabilities of these coatings have potential for further improvement and development. The sandwich‐structure materials fabricated in this study should prove very useful in practical applications.
Macroscale Superlubricity Enabled by Graphene‐Coated Surfaces
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Du Yuefeng , Huang Siling , Meng Fanning , Chen Leilei , Xie Wenxiang , Chang Keke , Zhang Chenhui , Lu Yao , Lin Cheng‐Te , Li Suzhi , Parkin Ivan P. , Guo Dongming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFriction and wear remain the primary modes for energy dissipation in moving mechanical components. Superlubricity is highly desirable for energy saving and environmental benefits. Macroscale superlubricity was previously performed under special environments or on curved nanoscale surfaces. Nevertheless, macroscale superlubricity has not yet been demonstrated under ambient conditions on macroscale surfaces, except in humid air produced by purging water vapor into a tribometer chamber. In this study, a tribological system is fabricated using a graphene‐coated plate (GCP), graphene‐coated microsphere (GCS), and graphene‐coated ball (GCB). The friction coefficient of 0.006 is achieved in air under 35 mN at a sliding speed of 0.2 mm s−1 for 1200 s in the developed GCB/GCS/GCP system. To the best of the knowledge, for the first time, macroscale superlubricity on macroscale surfaces under ambient conditions is reported. The mechanism of macroscale superlubricity is due to the combination of exfoliated graphene flakes and the swinging and sliding of the GCS, which is demonstrated by the experimental measurements, ab initio, and molecular dynamics simulations. These findings help to bridge macroscale superlubricity to real world applications, potentially dramatically contributing to energy savings and reducing the emission of carbon dioxide to the environment.
Prevalence and predictors of falls in a health‐seeking older population: An outpatient‐based study
Authors: Subramanian Manicka Saravanan , Singh Vishwajeet , Chatterjee Prashun , Dwivedi Sada Nand , Dey Aparajit Ballav 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundFalls are one of the major causes of disability in older people. A wide range of risk factors for falls are described according to setting – inpatient, nursing homes and community. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for falls in an outpatient setting.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional observational study, 160 consenting subjects were enrolled randomly, from the Geriatric Medicine outpatient department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Non‐ambulatory, seriously ill subjects were excluded. The subjects underwent brief evaluation including falls and geriatric assessment. They were grouped into fallers and non‐fallers. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with falls.ResultsThe prevalence of falls was 23.75% (38/160). Women were proportionately higher (26.31%) in the fallers group vis‐à‐vis 19.67% in the non‐fallers group. After multivariate analysis, opioids (odds ratio [OR] 5.24 [95% CI, 2.0 18‐13.611]), vision impairment (OR 2.71 [95% CI, 1.050‐07.011]), fear of falling (OR 3.17 [95% CI, 1.167‐08.629]), instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) impairment (OR 3.41 [95% CI, 1.251‐09.301]), anti‐anginal medications (OR 8.90 [95% CI, 0.997‐79.564]) and self‐employment (OR 5.37 [95% CI, 1.058‐27.329]) were associated with falls. Adequate nutrition (OR 0.82 [95% CI, 0.688‐00.976]) and caregiver support (OR 0.46 [95% CI, 0.275‐00.801]) were protective of falls.ConclusionWe identified the multi‐factorial etiology of falls. Patients having any of the above risk factors should undergo detailed fall risk assessment and preventive measures afterwards.
Advancing the understanding of treponemal disease in the past and present
Authors: Baker Brenda J. , Crane‐Kramer Gillian , Dee Michael W. , Gregoricka Lesley A. , Henneberg Maciej , Lee Christine , Lukehart Sheila A. , Mabey David C. , Roberts Charlotte A. , Stodder Ann L. W. , Stone Anne C. , Winingear Stevie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSyphilis was perceived to be a new disease in Europe in the late 15th century, igniting a debate about its origin that continues today in anthropological, historical, and medical circles. We move beyond this age‐old debate using an interdisciplinary approach that tackles broader questions to advance the understanding of treponemal infection (syphilis, yaws, bejel, and pinta). How did the causative organism(s) and humans co‐evolve? How did the related diseases caused by Treponema pallidum emerge in different parts of the world and affect people across both time and space? How are T. pallidum subspecies related to the treponeme causing pinta? The current state of scholarship in specific areas is reviewed with recommendations made to stimulate future work. Understanding treponemal biology, genetic relationships, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations is crucial for vaccine development today and for investigating the distribution of infection in both modern and past populations. Paleopathologists must improve diagnostic criteria and use a standard approach for recording skeletal lesions on archaeological human remains. Adequate contextualization of cultural and environmental conditions is necessary, including site dating and justification for any corrections made for marine or freshwater reservoir effects. Biogeochemical analyses may assess aquatic contributions to diet, physiological changes arising from treponemal disease and its treatments (e.g., mercury), or residential mobility of those affected. Shifting the focus from point of origin to investigating who is affected (e.g., by age/sex or socioeconomic status) and disease distribution (e.g., coastal/ inland, rural/urban) will advance our understanding of the treponemal disease and its impact on people through time.