bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐last glacial maximum expansion of Y‐chromosome haplogroup C2a‐L1373 in northern Asia and its implications for the origin of Native Americans
Authors: Sun Jin , Ma Peng‐Cheng , Cheng Hui‐Zhen , Wang Chi‐Zao , Li Yong‐Lan , Cui Yin‐Qiu , Yao Hong‐Bin , Wen Shao‐Qing , Wei Lan‐Hai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesSubbranches of Y‐chromosome haplogroup C2a‐L1373 are founding paternal lineages in northern Asia and Native American populations. Our objective was to investigate C2a‐L1373 differentiation in northern Asia and its implications for Native American origins.Materials and MethodsSequences of rare subbranches (n = 43) and ancient individuals (n = 37) of C2a‐L1373 (including P39 and MPB373), were used to construct phylogenetic trees with age estimation by BEAST software.ResultsC2a‐L1373 expanded rapidly approximately 17.7,000–14.3,000 years ago (kya) after the last glacial maximum (LGM), generating numerous sublineages which became founding paternal lineages of modern northern Asian and Native American populations (C2a‐P39 and C2a‐MPB373). The divergence pattern supports possible initiation of differentiation in low latitude regions of northern Asia and northward diffusion after the LGM. There is a substantial gap between the divergence times of C2a‐MPB373 (approximately 22.4 or 17.7 kya) and C2a‐P39 (approximately 14.3 kya), indicating two possible migration waves.DiscussionWe discussed the decreasing time interval of “Beringian standstill” (2.5 ky or smaller) and its reduced significance. We also discussed the multiple possibilities for the peopling of the Americas: the “Long‐term Beringian standstill model,” the “Short‐term Beringian standstill model,” and the “Multiple waves of migration model.” Our results support the argument from ancient DNA analyses that the direct ancestor group of Native Americans is an admixture of “Ancient Northern Siberians” and Paleolithic communities from the Amur region, which appeared during the post‐LGM era, rather than ancient populations in greater Beringia, or an adjacent region, before the LGM.
Serum cystatin C was a marker of poststroke fatigue in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Yang Fulan , Liu Peipei , Huang Saiyu , Liu Xiaojie , Gao Xue , Liu Chunyin , Chen Lanlan , Chen Yingzhu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe relationship between poststroke fatigue (PSF) and serum Cystatin C (Cys‐C) levels in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) patients has not been determined. In this study, we investigated the association between serum Cys‐C levels and PSF in HICH patients.MethodsA total of 125 patients with HICH were enrolled. Fatigue assessment was performed 6 months after HICH onset. The presence of PSF was defined as Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) of 4 or more. Serum Cys‐C levels were measured within 24 hr after admission. The correlation between FSS score and Cys‐C level was analyzed by Spearman's correlation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for PSF were calculated using Cys‐C values.ResultsOf enrolled 125 patients in the study, 36.0% who developed PSF were divided to the PSF group, which had higher Cys‐C levels compared with the no‐PSF group. There was significant positive correlation between FSS score and serum Cys‐C level. Receiver operating characteristic curves for PSF revealed an area under the curve of 0.86 for Cys‐C. High admission Cys‐C (>0.75mg/L) yielded specificity of 93.7%, positive predictive value of 87.5%, and negative predictive value of 88.2%. In multivariate analysis, Cys‐C increased by 1 mg/dl (0.1 mg/L), and the risk of PSF in patients increased by 2.55 times (odds ratio = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.65–3.95, p < .001).ConclusionsHigh Cys‐C levels have predictive value for PSF and can be used as one screening indicator for PSF occurrence.
Determinants of a sustainable innovation system
Authors: Zartha Sossa Jhon Wilder , López Montoya Oscar Hernán , Acosta Prado Julio Cesar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study seeks to identify and define the determinants of the sustainable innovation system (SIS). To achieve the objective, a qualitative approach was used through a systematic literature review using data from Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus. Two search equations were used to extract the data. In the first search equation, 69 documents were analyzed, and for the second, 102 documents were analyzed. Multiple definitions were found regarding SIS, it is worth highlighting in the findings the evolutionary process that these systems follow. As a contribution to the study, 79 determinants of an SIS are presented derived from the classic functions of an innovation system.
Realizing virtual research environments for the agri‐food community: The AGINFRA PLUS experience
Authors: Assante Massimiliano , Boizet Alice , Candela Leonardo , Castelli Donatella , Cirillo Roberto , Coro Gianpaolo , Fernández Enol , Filter Matthias , Frosini Luca , Georgiev Teodor , Kakaletris George , Katsivelis Panagis , Knapen Rob , Lelii Lucio , Lokers Rob M. , Mangiacrapa Francesco , Manouselis Nikos , Pagano Pasquale , Panichi Giancarlo , Penev Lyubomir , Sinibaldi Fabio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe enhancements in IT solutions and the open science movement are injecting changes in the practices dealing with data collection, collation, processing, analytics, and publishing in all the domains, including agri‐food. However, in implementing these changes one of the major issues faced by the agri‐food researchers is the fragmentation of the “assets” to be exploited when performing research tasks, for example, data of interest are heterogeneous and scattered across several repositories, the tools modelers rely on are diverse and often make use of limited computing capacity, the publishing practices are various and rarely aim at making available the “whole story” including datasets, processes, and results. This paper presents the AGINFRA PLUS endeavor to overcome these limitations by providing researchers in three designated communities with Virtual Research Environments facilitating the use of the “assets” of interest and promote collaboration.
Investigations on a platinum catalyzed membrane for electrolysis step of copper‐chlorine thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production
Authors: Banerjee Atindra Mohan , Antony Rajini P. , Pai Mrinal R. , Kumar Asheesh , Tripathi Arvind K. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryConsidering the low temperature demand (~550°C maximum) and high efficiency (~43%), Cu–Cl thermochemical water splitting cycle has immense potential as a futuristic scalable hydrogen generation process. CuCl/HCl electrolysis is the crucial hydrogen generation step in the Cu–Cl thermochemical cycle. The efficiency of this electrolysis process is highly dependent on the performance of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) employed. To explore the suitability of the platinized membrane for this step, in this study, we have investigated a Pt/Nafion‐117 MEA prepared by in‐situ impregnation‐reduction method for CuCl/HCl electrolysis. A single‐cell PEM‐type electrolyser (4 cm2 active area) consisting of serpentine channels (2 cm × 2 cm) grooved in graphite flow field plates was designed and fabricated to carry out the CuCl/HCl electrolysis. Platinum electrocatalyst was deposited on Nafion‐117 membrane on the cathodic side by reduction of hexachloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6) with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) by the impregnation‐reduction method which served as the MEA. Monodispersed nanocrystalline Pt particles formed a ~30 μm thick electrocatalyst layer on the membrane. Pt/Nafion‐117 MEA was found to be effective for CuCl /HCl electrolysis. In a PEM‐type electrolyser with Ar‐purged 0.2 M CuCl in ~2 M HCl solution as anolyte flowing at ~ 8.8 mLmin−1, a current density of ~100 mA cm−2 was achieved at a cell voltage of 1 V. However, undesired Cu‐crossover could be noticed from anode to cathode side during operation.
Intelligent optimization of bioleaching process for waste lithium‐ion batteries: An application of support vector regression approach
Authors: Ruhatiya Chaitanya , Gandra Ruthvik , Kondaiah P , Manivas Kura , Samhith Aditya , Gao Liang , Lam Jasmine Siu Lee , Garg Akhil 
Published: November 2020

SummaryRecovery of toxic and vital metal from spent Li‐ion batteries is a vital problem in the recycling industry. The recycling processes such as bioleaching are much simpler and environment friendly but lack the required efficiency for metal recovery to prove the commercial feasibility of the model. This work focuses on increasing the efficiency of the bioleaching process by targeting its intermediate processes for maximum vital metal recovery. The intermediate process of biomass generation from Aspergillus niger fungus is targeted. The data from experimental design is modelled using support vector regression with v‐fold cross‐validation. The bioleaching process is optimized such that maximum biomass concentration is obtained for efficient and commercially viable metal recovery. The results are divided into four sections, each addressing an important issue of the recycling process mechanism. The generated model is found to have good stability and accurate process mechanism predictability. Global sensitivity and interaction analysis is employed for efficient weighted optimization. The model generated trends and optimization results are verified through the profiling curve as well as past literature experimental data. This work reports the maximum biomass concentration of 25 g/L. The model employed is stable and efficient, reaching a stable optimized value under 300 iterations. The optimized input parameters values obtained are 144.39 g/L, 1.29% v/v, 6.70, 1513.05 ppm, 4989.79 ppm, 2094.22 ppm, 347.57 ppm and 2.37 for sucrose concentration, inoculum size, initial pH, oxalic acid, gluconic acid, malic acid, citric acid concentration and final pH, respectively.
The value added of the Bank of Japan's range forecasts
Authors: Tsuchiya Yoichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigates whether the Bank of Japan's (BOJ's) interval forecast publications have an added value relative to its point forecast publications by focusing on the range forecasts released by its policy board members. We find that the width of the BOJ's range forecasts has additional information for predicting inflation over point forecasts for the policy decision periods of 12–18 months. The predictive power of the range forecast is robust to the state of the economy, the recently introduced negative interest rate policy, and economic uncertainty measures. Furthermore, both the point and range forecasts influence professional forecasts. Our findings suggest that the source of the central bank's influence is closely related to its information content, not to forecasting accuracy. Therefore, range forecasts are important tools for monetary policy communication.
Enhancement of low‐fat Feta cheese characteristics using probiotic bacteria
Authors: Hamdy Ahmed M. , Ahmed Mahmoud E. , Mehta Dipakkumar , Elfaruk Mohamed Salem , Hammam Ahmed R. A. , El‐Derwy Yaser M. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to manufacture low‐fat Feta cheese (LFC) using different types of starter cultures, such as yogurt (Y) cultures (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus), bifidobacterium (B) cultures (Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum), and mixed of them (Y + B) at different rates (0.4, 0.5, and 0.6%). The Y + B cultures improved the flavor and body and texture of LFC, especially at a ratio of 0.4 + 0.6% and 0.5 + 0.5%, which is similar to the typical full‐fat Feta cheese. Also, the LFC maintained a higher number of probiotics and lactic acid bacteria after 30 d of storage at a range of 5 to 7 log cfu/g.
Tolerability and age‐dependent toxicokinetics following perinatal hydroxyurea treatment in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Huang Madelyn C. , Turner Katie J. , Vallant Molly , Robinson Veronica G. , Lu Yi , Price Catherine J. , Fennell Timothy R. , Silinski Melanie A. , Waidyanatha Suramya , Ryan Kristen R. , Black Sherry R. , Fernando Reshan A. , McIntyre Barry S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHydroxyurea (HU) is a valuable therapy for individuals with sickle cell anemia. With increased use of HU in children and throughout their lives, it is important to understand the potential effects of HU therapy on their development and fertility. Thus, studies were conducted to identify appropriate doses to examine long‐term effects of prenatal and early postnatal HU exposure and to understand kinetics of HU at various life stages. Pregnant Sprague Dawley dams were administered HU (0–150 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage from gestation days 17 to 21 and during lactation. Pups were dosed with the same dose as their respective dam starting on postnatal day (PND) 10 and up to PND 34. There was minimal maternal toxicity, and no significant effects on littering at any dose of HU. Starting on ~PND 16, offspring displayed skin discoloration and alopecia at doses ≥75 mg/kg/day and lower body weight compared to controls at doses ≥100 mg/kg/day. Gestational transfer of HU was observed, but there was minimal evidence of lactational transfer. Our toxicokinetic studies suggest that the internal dose in offspring may be altered due to age, but not due to sex. The plasma area under the curve, a measure of systemic exposure, at doses tolerated by offspring was threefold to sevenfold lower than the internal therapeutic dose in humans. Therefore, strategies to establish clinically relevant exposures in animal studies are needed. Overall, these data are useful for the design of appropriate nonclinical studies in the future to evaluate the consequences of long‐term HU treatment starting in childhood.
Toxicity of orally administered food‐grade titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Han Hyoung‐Yun , Yang Mi‐Jin , Yoon Cheolho , Lee Gwang‐Hee , Kim Dong‐Wan , Kim Tae‐Won , Kwak Minjeong , Heo Min Beom , Lee Tae Geol , Kim Soojin , Oh Jung‐Hwa , Lim Hyun‐Ji , Oh Inkyung , Yoon Seokjoo , Park Eun‐Jung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis year, France banned the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles as a food additive (hereafter, E171) based on the insufficient oral toxicity data. Here, we investigated the subchronic toxic responses of E171 (0, 10, 100, and 1,000 mg/kg) and tried to elucidate the possible toxic mechanism using AGS cells, a human stomach epithelial cell line. There were no dose‐related changes in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development test guideline‐related endpoints. Meanwhile, E171 deeply penetrated cells lining the stomach tissues of rats, and the IgM and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor levels were significantly lower in the blood from rats exposed to E171 compared with the control. The colonic antioxidant protein level decreased with increasing Ti accumulation. Additionally, after 24‐h exposure, E171 located in the perinuclear region of AGS cells and affected expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress‐related proteins. However, cell death was not observed up to the used maximum concentration. A gene profile analysis also showed that immune response‐related microRNAs were most strongly affected by E171 exposure. Collectively, we concluded that the NOAEL of E171 for 90 days repeated oral administration is between 100 and 1,000 mg/kg for both male and female rats. Additionally, further study is needed to clarify the possible carcinogenesis following the chronic accumulation in the colon.
The toxicity of cell therapy: Mechanism, manifestations, and challenges
Authors: Jin Yongjia , Dong Yan , Zhang Jin , Sun Jingwei , Liu Yarong , Chen Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdoptive cell therapy (ACT), including tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T cell receptor engineered T cell (TCR‐T), and chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cell (CAR‐T), has shown significant clinical benefits for cancer treatment. However, all of these ACT therapies are associated with toxicities from mild to life threatening in clinic. Common ACT‐related toxicities include cytokine release syndrome (CRS) resulting from immune activation, neurological toxicity, on‐target/off tumor or off‐target toxicities, and toxicities associated with lymphodepletion preconditioning and high does IL‐2 administration. This review summarizes clinical manifestations of adverse events associated with ACT treatment and discusses the underlying pathological mechanisms. Moreover, challenges and opportunities of managing ACT‐related toxicities have been discussed to give an indication of how to improve the safety of ACT treatment without dampening the therapeutic effect.
The effect of wet spinning conditions on the structure and properties of poly‐4‐hydroxybutyrate fibers
Authors: Singhi Bhavya , Ford Ericka N. , King Martin W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), also known as bacterial polyesters, are considered novel polymers for fabricating biomedical products, such as sutures and hernia meshes, because of their biocompatibility and slow biodegradability. Poly‐4‐hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) is a commonly used PHA that was explored in this study as an absorbable biomaterial for several medical applications, including controlled drug delivery. Currently, P4HB is melt spun and drawn into filaments at high processing temperatures (~200°C), precluding the incorporation of thermally sensitive drugs within the polymer during melt spinning. Post‐spinning drug incorporation can potentially cause nonuniform drug absorption that leads to an uneven release profile. This raises the need for a low temperature spinning process for these polymers. Until now, there has been no defined procedure to produce P4HB fibers through a low temperature solution spinning process. This study focuses on determining suitable wet spinning conditions to form continuous P4HB fibers. After several preliminary tests, it was found that a chloroform‐based spin dope with 10–15% polymer concentration facilitated the extrusion of continuous stretchable fibers into a coagulation bath containing reagent alcohol. Subsequently, several P4HB fibers were spun with various spin dope concentrations, coagulation bath temperatures, and spin draw ratios to assess their effect on fiber structure and properties.
The molecular structure and function of sorting nexin 10 in skeletal disorders, cancers, and other pathological conditions
Authors: Xu Jiake , Qiu Heng , Zhao Jinmin , Pavlos Nathan J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSNX10 is a member of the phox homology domain‐containing family of phosphoinositide‐binding proteins. Intracellularly, SNX10 localizes to endosomes where it mediates intracellular trafficking, endosome organization, and protein localization to the centrosome and cilium. It is highly expressed in bone and the gut where it participates in bone mineral and calcium homeostasis through the regulation of osteoclastic bone resorption and gastric acid secretion, respectively. Not surprisingly, patients harboring mutations in SNX10 mutation manifest a phenotype of autosomal recessive osteopetrosis or malignant infantile osteopetrosis, which is clinically characterized by dense bones with increased cortical bone into the medullary space with bone marrow occlusion or depletion, bone marrow failure, and anemia. Accordingly, SNX10 mutant osteoclasts exhibit impaired bone resorptive capacity. Beyond the skeleton, there is emerging evidence implicating SNX10 in cancer development, metabolic disorders, inflammation, and chaperone‐mediated autophagy. Understanding the structural basis through which SNX10 exerts its diverse biological functions in both cell and tissue‐specific manners may therefore inform new therapeutic opportunities toward the treatment and management of SNX10‐related diseases.
Quantification of MRI T2 Interstitial Lung Disease Signal‐Intensity Volume in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Benlala Ilyes , Albat Agnes , Blanchard Elodie , Macey Julie , Raherison Chantal , Benkert Thomas , Berger Patrick , Laurent François , Dournes Gaël 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundImaging has played a pivotal role in the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Recent reports suggest that T2‐weighted MRI could be sensitive to monitor signal‐intensity modifications of the lung parenchyma, which may relate to the disease activity in IPF. However, there is a lack of automated tools to reproducibly quantify the extent of the disease, especially using MRI.PurposeTo assess the feasibility of T2 interstitial lung disease signal‐intensity volume quantification using a semiautomated method in IPF.Study TypeSingle center, retrospective.PopulationA total of 21 adult IPF patients and four control subjects without lung interstitial abnormalities.Field Strength/SequenceBoth free‐breathing ultrashort echo time (TE) lung MRI using the spiral volume interpolated breath hold examination (VIBE) sequence (3D‐UTE) and T2‐BLADE at 1.5T.AssessmentSemiautomated segmentation of the lung volume was done using 3D‐UTE and registered to the T2‐BLADE images. The interstitial lung disease signal‐intensity volume (ISIV) was quantified using a Gaussian mixture model clustering and then normalized to the lung volume to calculate T2‐ISIV. The composite physiological index (CPI) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured as known biomarkers of IPF severity. Measurements were performed independently by three readers and averaged. The reproducibility between measurements was also assessed.Statistical TestsReproducibility was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman analysis. Correlations were assessed using Spearman test. Comparison of median was assessed using the Mann–Whitney test.ResultsThe reproducibility of T2‐ISIV was high, with ICCs = 0.99. Using Bland–Altman analysis, the mean differences were found between –0.8 to 0.1. T2‐ISIV significantly correlated with CPI and FVC (rho = 0.48 and 0.50, respectively; P < 0.05). T2‐ISIV was significantly higher in IPF than in controls (P < 0.05).Data ConclusionT2‐ISIV appears to be able to reproducibly assess the volumetric extent of abnormal interstitial lung signal‐intensity modifications in patients with IPF, and correlate with disease severity.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage1
An efficient electro‐thermo‐mechanical model for the analysis of V‐shaped thermal actuator connected with driven structures
Authors: Zhao Lin‐Feng , Zhou Zai‐Fa , Meng Mu‐Zi , Li Meng‐Jie , Huang Qing‐An 
Published: November 2020

AbstractV‐shaped thermal actuators are popular in many types of microelectromechanical systems' (MEMS) devices. In the rapidly growing applications of V‐shaped thermal actuators, there are usually complex driven structures, in which the Joule heat may transfer, connecting to the V‐beams. However, their influence on the temperature distribution has not been included in existing analytical models. An electro‐thermo‐mechanical model is presented to tackle this problem. By dividing the thermal actuator into a set of short beams, a two‐dimensional network is constructed. Besides, the driven structure can be analyzed as an equivalent circuit of thermal resistances. Then, circuit‐like node equations can be acquired for this heat flow network to solve the heat distribution. On this basis, the heat expansions of the shuttle beam are taken into consideration to predict the displacements and forces under different driving voltage and ambient temperature. Taking a test structure as an example, this model is proved to be accurate by comparing the results with finite element analysis. This model can be served as an effective analysis technique for MEMS devices containing V‐shaped thermal actuators.