bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the need to improve the methodology for calculating energy saving and energy efficiency of enterprises
Authors: Burganov R A , Maimakova L V , Urazbakhtina L R , Golitsyna L A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Currently, the development of nanotechnology and the digital economy requires a deeper study of the basic foundations of the functioning of society and the economy, among which the production, distribution and consumption of energy of various types and forms are of particular importance. The emphasis of theoreticians and practitioners on a comprehensive review of the role of energy should be reflected in the methodology for calculating energy conservation in the production process and the provision of services. This article draws attention to the need to revise the methodology for calculating the energy saving and energy efficiency indicators of a company based on the consideration of all types of energy (energy, heat, mechanical, light, human, etc.) in the company’s activities. According to the author, a complete accounting of the energy used will optimize the costs of the company, maximize profits, and accordingly determine the development strategy of the company in the new business environment. In addition, the financial and economic performance of the company should also be updated and improved, taking into account the consumption of various forms and types of energy.
Efficiency research of free electricity (power) transfer zones integration by distributed generation
Authors: Byk F L , Myshkina L S , Terlyga N S , Frolova Y A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The possibility of combining free electricity (power) transfer zones by distributed generation is considered in this paper. The relevance of a subject is caused by the existing condition of network infrastructure and a high part of a network component in the final electricity cost, change of a fuel and energy landscape in territorial subjects of the federation, increase in ecological requirements and need of increase in power production efficiency. The object of the study is the second price zone of the wholesale market located on the territory of Siberia, where the task of increasing the availability of electricity is combined with the problem of reliable heat supply due to climatic conditions. It causes the presence of a large number of heating boiler houses. It is shown that the medium and large boiler houses transfer to the cogeneration mode of operation in the cities of the Altay Reginon and the Republic of Altai will allow to integrate the free electricity (power) transfer zones Altai and Siberia among other significant effects. Distributed generation was seen as an effective alternative to strengthening intersystem connections. It is obvious that the new network construction leads to an increase in the electricity transmission tariff and the transition to distributed generation leads to an increase in competition in retail regional markets, which reduces the cost of electricity.
Energy generation by reverse electrodialysis
Authors: Loza S A , Korzhov A N , Loza N V , Romanyuk N A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this work, the process of generating electricity from the water salinity gradient (RED) using the Russian produced ion exchange membranes MK-40 and MA-41 was investigated. The experiments were carried out with a saturated brine of sodium chloride in a chamber with salt water and with a solution of sodium chloride with a concentration range 0.017-3.39 g/l in a chamber with fresh water. The maximum value of the specific power obtained was 0.3 W/m2. The dependence of the specific power of the salt content in the chamber with fresh water was investigated and its optimal value (0.5 – 1.5 g/l) was found. The dependence of the received power on the flow velocity in chamber with fresh water was studied. The RED process with three different RedOx systems was studied and their effect on the received power was determined. The highest power was obtained for the RedOx system of potassium ferro-ferricyanide. In case of not using the ferro-ferricyanide system leads to a significant decrease in specific power and the release of gaseous chlorine in the anode chamber.
Investigation of the effect of mixing and biomass temperature in the anaerobic digester on the volume of biomethane
Authors: Suslov D Y 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the process of biomethane production during anaerobic fermentation in a biomethane installation. The most effective methods for increasing the efficiency of biomethane plants are to increase the intensity of mixing and the temperature of the biomass. However, currently there are various data on the optimal temperature of the fermentation process and the frequency of mixing of biomass per day. A program for conducting experimental studies and an experimental setup for producing biomethane with a bubble-type mixing system has been developed. For research, the central composite rotatable plan of the full factorial experiment was used. Experimental studies of the process of biomethane production during anaerobic fermentation of pig manure in mesophilic temperature conditions were carried out. In the process of implementing the plan, a regression equation was obtained that characterizes the effect of the bubbling mixing intensity and biomass temperature on the biomethane output. Plots of the dependence of the specific yield of biomethane on varied factors are obtained. A rational mode of operation of the biomethane plant has been established, which is achieved with a mixing intensity of 5…6 days−1 and a biomass temperature of 39.5…40.5 °C with a maximum specific yield of biomethane of 393.58 l/kg. This mode can be recommended for the operation of biomethane plants in the processing of organic waste from agricultural enterprises.
Experimental study of the silica gel drying in a fluidized bed apparatus
Authors: Nadeev A A , Barakov A V , Dubanin V Yu , Andreev A Yu , Muravev A V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the design and principle of operation of the dryer with a centrifugal fluidized bed is considered. It is a batch apparatus with a vertical drying agent supply and is intended for drying dispersed materials with a particle diameter from 1 to 5 mm, having a high initial moisture content and a strong moisture and solid dry frame bond. Silica gel with a particle diameter from 2.2 to 2.5 mm, used for drying air and industrial gases, was used as a drying object. The scheme of the test bench is given and described. The results of an experimental study of the process of low-temperature drying of silica gel (the temperature of the drying agent ranged from 35 to 65 °C) are presented. The obtained experimental data is presented as a dependence of the thermophysical parameters of the material and the drying agent on the drying time. The comparison of drying efficiency at different modes is given. On the basis of the obtained data, a positive conclusion about the possibility of using this apparatus for low-temperature drying of capillary-porous bodies is made.
The control of lighting up regime of greenhouse plants with LED irradiators
Authors: Sheriazov S K , Popova S A , Karimov I I 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA system for controlling the lighting up regime is proposed in the article, which gives the opportunity to reduce the cost of consumed electricity. The main element of the proposed control system is a processor, which calculates the necessary power of LED irradiators and the lighting up regimes according to a specially programmed program. For selecting the power and the regime of radiation of a given spectrum, a mathematical model of the geometry of the plant stalk in the process of its growth, obtained from the experimental data, is given. A two-factor experiment was carried out to determine the quantitative effect of the red and blue spectra emitted by LED sources on the geometry of the formed stalk of seed potatoes. The paper presents the results of the experimental studies on a genetically homogeneous material of potatoes grown from meristematic cells, making it possible to obtain reliable responses to different spectral composition of blue and red radiation of LED irradiators. The given system of controlling the lighting up regime allows growing the healthy plants in optimal photosynthesis with the minimal costs of electricity.
The processing of kieselguhr sludge with obtaining a new end product as reserve for reducing resources consumption of vegetable oil manufacture
Authors: Starostina I V , Porozhnyuk E V , Stolyarov D V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article presents the research findings of processing kieselguhr sludge – a waste product of refined sunflower oil production, generated at winterization stage, when vegetable waxes, waxlike substances and other components, which crystallize at low temperatures and cause the oil turbidity, are removed. The resulting waste product is a slow stock of organomineral composition with organic matter content 65-70%. This sludge is virtually not recycled, but dumped at municipal solid waste disposal sites. This results in the environment pollution and non-recoverable losses of high-quality mineral stock and valuable organic components. It has been determined that after thermal modification of sludge waste the organic substances in it are partially oxidized with the formation of carbon layer on the surface of diatomite particles. The resulting product is a thermally modified kieselguhr sludge, which is characterized with mesoporous structure, high water repellency, and oil-receptivity and can be used as an adsorption material for purifying wastewaters from emulsified petroleum products in dynamic conditions. The secondary use of kieselguhr sludge would allow reducing the amounts of waste accumulation and improving the efficiency of raw material resources utilization.
Theoretical and experimental research on pre-sowing seed treatment
Authors: Vasilyev A A , Vasilyev A N , Dzhanibekov A K , Samarin G N , Normov D A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Grain is a biological object, with all specific responses to external actions, that reside in this category. To define principles that are needed for pre-sowing seed treatment, possible seed responses to external actions were examined. For this, the analysis of the seed’s adaptive response was used as an approach. Main rules to organize seeds stimulus have been established. Use of an informational approach for analysis of bio-logical seed response on external action allowed to find utilizing rules for electrophysical stimulation during a pre-sowing treatment. The idea behind them is to use the following sequence of operations at the pre-sawing seeds treatment: determine the lowest external action energetic at which grains response; organize cyclical action of external factor on seeds; change of action amplitude in each cycle; change of external action type. Field experiments have been conducted for several years, during which were determined operational modes of aerated grain bin electrical equipment, when used for pre-sowing seed treatment.
The protected tree Dimorphandra wilsonii (Fabaceae) is a population of inter-specific hybrids: recommendations for conservation in the Brazilian Cerrado/Atlantic Forest ecotone
Authors: Muniz André Carneiro , Lemos-Filho José Pires , Souza Helena Augusta , Marinho Rafaela Cabral , Buzatti Renata Santiago , Heuertz Myriam , Lovato Maria Bernadete 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgrounds and AimsDimorphandra wilsonii Rizzini, a critically endangered and protected tree, has a restricted distribution in the ecotone between the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil. In this area, it co-occurs with D. mollis Benth., a common tree from the Cerrado, and D. exaltata Schott., a rare tree from the Atlantic Forest. Previous studies of D. wilsonii indicated heterozygosity excess at the individual level. Field observation of some intermediate phenotypes between D. wilsonii and both congeners suggests hybridization of D. wilsonii with D. mollis and/or D. exaltata. Here, we tested the hypothesis that D. wilsonii may have originated from hybridization between D. exaltata and D. mollis. We also performed cytogenetic analysis to examine if the heterozygosity excess could be explained by polyploidy in D. wilsonii.MethodsWe evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of D. wilsonii using 11 nuclear simple sequence repeats (SSRs) genotyped in 152 individuals sampled across the taxon’s range. We performed comparative genetic analyses using overlapping SSR markers between D. wilsonii and previously published SSR data in D. mollis and D. exaltata to subsequently perform a series of allelic comparisons, multivariate and Bayesian analysis.Key ResultsOur results suggest that D. wilsonii individuals are most likely to correspond to F1 hybrids between D. exaltata and D. mollis. Cytogenetic analysis indicated that D. wilsonii is diploid with the same chromosome number as D. mollis (2n = 2x = 28).ConclusionsOur study raises questions about the taxonomic status and the evolutionary future of D. wilsonii. We suggest that the conservation and management strategy for D. wilsonii should be revised and that it should take into account both parental Dimorphandra species in the ecotone, with special emphasis on the threatened D. exaltata. Finally, this study highlights the value of genetic information for the design of conservation strategies.
Understanding and managing suicide risk
Authors: Zortea Tiago C , Cleare Seonaid , Melson Ambrose J , Wetherall Karen , O’Connor Rory C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Suicidal behaviours and non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH) are global public health concerns that affect millions of lives.

Sources of data
This review is a narrative synthesis of systematic reviews, meta-analyses of randomized control trials (RCTs) and landmark studies published in scientific journals.

Areas of agreement
Restricting access to lethal means reduces the likelihood of future suicide deaths.

Areas of controversy
Our ability to predict future suicidal behaviour is no better than chance. No individual risk prediction instrument offers sufficient sensitivity and specificity to inform clinically useful decision-making.

Growing points
Different types of psychosocial interventions may be effective in preventing future suicide attempts; such interventions include clinical assessment, tailored crisis response and safety plans and follow-up contact.

Areas timely for developing research
Whilst some psychosocial interventions can be effective in reducing suicide risk, little is known about the mechanisms of recovery from suicidal thoughts and behaviours.
Association Between Improved Mobility and Distal Health Outcomes
Authors: Shuman Valerie , Coyle Peter C , Perera Subashan , Van Swearingen Jessie M , Albert Steve M , Brach Jennifer S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
We examined the association between improved mobility and distal health outcomes in older adults using secondary analysis of data from a cluster-randomized controlled group exercise trial.

Methods
Participants were 303 men and women aged ≥65 and older in 32 independent living facilities, senior apartments, and community centers who participated in 12-week group exercise interventions. Included were those who completed ≥1 follow-up phone call regarding outcomes assessment in the following year. Gait speed and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) were assessed at baseline and immediately after 12-week interventions to determine mobility performance change status. Falls, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations were assessed monthly for 12 months following the end of interventions via interactive voice response phone calls. Incident rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated to quantify incidence of adverse outcomes with respect to mobility performance change.

Results
Each 0.05 m/s increase in gait speed resulted in an 11% reduction in falls (IRR = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84–0.94; p &lt; .0001); a similar decrease was seen for each 20 m increase in 6MWD (IRR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83–0.93; p = .0003). Those who improved gait speed had 61 falls per 1,000 person-months versus 135 in those who had no change/a decline. Those who improved 6MWD had 67 falls per 1,000 person-months versus 110 per 1,000 person-months in those who had no change/a decline. Differences in ED visits and hospitalizations were not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Improvements in mobility performance are associated with lower incidence of future falls. Given the exploratory nature of the findings, further investigation is warranted.
Different gene expression profiles in iPSC-derived motor neurons from ALS8 patients with variable clinical courses suggest mitigating pathways for neurodegeneration
Authors: Oliveira Danyllo , Morales-Vicente David A , Amaral Murilo S , Luz Livia , Sertié Andrea L , Leite Felipe S , Navarro Claudia , Kaid Carolini , Esposito Joyce , Goulart Ernesto , Caires Luiz , Alves Luciana M , Melo Uirá S , Figueiredo Thalita , Mitne-Neto Miguel , Okamoto Oswaldo K , Verjovski-Almeida Sergio , Zatz Mayana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 8 (ALS8) is an autosomal dominant form of ALS, which is caused by pathogenic variants in the VAPB gene. Here we investigated five ALS8 patients, classified as ‘severe’ and ‘mild’ from a gigantic Brazilian kindred, carrying the same VAPB mutation but displaying different clinical courses. Copy number variation and whole exome sequencing analyses in such individuals ruled out previously described genetic modifiers of pathogenicity. After deriving induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for each patient (N = 5) and controls (N = 3), motor neurons were differentiated, and high-throughput RNA-Seq gene expression measurements were performed. Functional cell death and oxidative metabolism assays were also carried out in patients’ iPSC-derived motor neurons. The degree of cell death and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism were similar in iPSC-derived motor neurons from mild patients and controls and were distinct from those of severe patients. Similar findings were obtained when RNA-Seq from such cells was performed. Overall, 43 genes were upregulated and 66 downregulated in the two mild ALS8 patients when compared with severe ALS8 individuals and controls. Interestingly, significantly enriched pathways found among differentially expressed genes, such as protein translation and protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are known to be associated with neurodegenerative processes. Taken together, the mitigating mechanisms here presented appear to maintain motor neuron survival by keeping translational activity and protein targeting to the ER in such cells. As ALS8 physiopathology has been associated with proteostasis mechanisms in ER–mitochondria contact sites, such differentially expressed genes appear to relate to the bypass of VAPB deficiency.
New Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus variant in men who have sex with men associated with severe pathologies
Authors: Jary Aude , Leducq Valentin , Desire Nathalie , Petit Héloïse , Palich Romain , Joly Véronique , Canestri Ana , Gothland Adélie , Lambert-Niclot Sidonie , Surgers Laure , Amiel Corinne , Descamps Diane , Spano Jean-Philippe , Katlama Christine , Calvez Vincent , Marcelin Anne-Geneviève 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Kaposi sarcoma (KS)–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) subtype depends mostly on patient origin. The current study aimed to assess KSHV diversity in a population of men who have sex with men (MSM) living in France.

Methods
The study included 264 patients. In 65 MSM, including 57 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected men with KS, multicentric Castleman disease, or primary effusion lymphoma and 8 HIV-uninfected men receiving HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), we performed KSHV typing with K1 open reading frame Sanger and KSHV whole-genome sequencing. In 199 other patients, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction screening for the new variant.

Results
We found that 51% of KSHV-strains were subtype C (85% C3), and 33% were subtype A. Four patients with severe KSHV disease (2 with visceral KS, 1 with multicentric Castleman disease, and 1 with primary effusion lymphoma) and 1 asymptomatic PrEP user had a new variant resembling the Ugandan subtype F, but with different K1 open reading frame and KSHV whole-genome sequences and a different epidemiological context (MSM vs African population). Its prevalence was 4.5% in Caucasian MSM, and it was absent in other epidemiological groups.

Conclusions
Subtype C predominated among MSM living in France. The new F variant was identified in Caucasian MSM and associated with severe KSHV disease, suggesting that subtype F could be split into F1 and F2 variants. Careful screening for this variant may be required in MSM, given the severe clinical presentation of associated diseases.
Householders’ perception about sustaining the useful life of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets in Ghana
Authors: Opoku Robert , Amoah Padmore Adusei , Nyamekye Kingsley Atta 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
This article explores the multifaceted perceptions among householders about the care, efficacy and disposal of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs), especially those regarding the end of the useful life of LLINs, and their implications for malaria control.

Methods
We used a cross-sectional qualitative design. Data were gathered in the Shai-Osudoku District in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. A thematic analysis technique was applied to analyse the data.

Results
Four findings emerged. First, participants were familiar with LLINs and the issues concerning the end of their useful life. However, the application of this knowledge was deficient. Second, characteristics of effectiveness (e.g. torn beyond repair) other than the age of a net determined the end of the useful life of LLINs. Third, social desirability and other social practices had positive and negative influences on perceptions about LLIN use and the end of their useful life. Fourth, repurposing of LLINs signified the end of their useful life.

Conclusions
Policies and strategies to position LLIN use as the leading resource for malaria control need to be innovative to accommodate the perceptions and practices of targeted households.
Reimagining EUrope through the Governance of Migration
Authors: Stierl Maurice 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn its own narrative, EUrope conceives of itself as a postnational and transborder project, often through tropes of movement and the transgression of borders. In light of this imaginary, recent mass migrations provoked a serious conundrum. How would the EUropean polity reconcile the dominant idea of itself with its desire to erect barriers to cross-border movements from the “Global South”? This article inquires into tensions between, first, Hungary and, second, Italy vis-à-vis the European Commission and other EU member states over the control and regulation of unauthorized migrations in 2015 and 2018. Both examples allude to divergent and conflictual ways of governing migration, often associated with different levels of governance, particularly the supranational and the national, and different values, particularly those of tolerance and intolerance vis-à-vis the “migrant other.” While the illusion of “EUropean” and “un-EUropean” ways of governing migration is meant to be kept intact, not least through a recoding of antimigrant violence, a closer look reveals the deep entanglement of forms of migration governance that has given rise to a thoroughly EUropean border regime. This article points to the need to develop a new conceptual vocabulary in order to capture the EUropeanness of the border.