bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of resistant clones of Eurasian (Myriophyllum spicatum) and hybrid (Myriophyllum spicatum × Myriophyllum sibiricum) watermilfoil to an operational rate of fluridone
Authors: Chorak Gregory M. , Thum Ryan A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGenetic assays to identify herbicide-resistant plants are a promising tool to reduce herbicide failures. However, the genetic basis of herbicide resistance is frequently unknown. In clonal weed species, DNA fingerprinting could be a useful tool to identify known resistant versus susceptible genets (clones) that occur in multiple locations, without an immediate need for understanding the genetic mutation(s) conferring resistance. Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) and hybrids with native northern watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum × Myriophyllum sibiricum Kom.) are mostly clonal invasive aquatic plants, and the same clones can be found in multiple waterbodies. Previously, a clone was confirmed as resistant to the commonly used herbicide fluridone, and a recent genetic survey in Michigan identified this genotype (MG-237) in at least seven other lakes. We hypothesized that MG-237 collected from different lakes would also exhibit fluridone resistance. However, MG-237 may have accumulated resistance mutations at different times during its spread across Michigan, resulting in fluridone-resistant and fluridone-susceptible MG-237 clones distributed in different lakes. We used a herbicide assay to test the response of several accessions, including MG-237 accessions from multiple lakes, to the Michigan operational rate of 6 µg L−1 fluridone. We found that all accessions of MG-237 exhibited resistance to 6 µg L−1 fluridone. A second genotype (MG-377) was also resistant to 6 µg L−1 fluridone. The rest of the accessions were found to be significantly injured by 6 µg L−1 fluridone. Our results suggest that 6 µg L−1 fluridone would not effectively control waterbodies dominated by MG-237 or MG-377, whereas waterbodies dominated by the other genotypes in our study would likely be controlled. Although more studies are needed to identify the variation in sensitivity of the accessions tested here and the genetic basis of fluridone resistance in Myriophyllum, our results suggest that multilocus genotype data may be an effective tool to identify and track herbicide-resistant genotypes of Myriophyllum in the short term.
Reanalysing the 2007–19 glaciological mass-balance series of Mera Glacier, Nepal, Central Himalaya, using geodetic mass balance
Authors: Wagnon Patrick , Brun Fanny , Khadka Arbindra , Berthier Etienne , Shrestha Dibas , Vincent Christian , Arnaud Yves , Six Delphine , Dehecq Amaury , Ménégoz Martin , Jomelli Vincent 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe 2007–19 glaciological mass-balance series of Mera Glacier in the Everest Region, East Nepal, is reanalysed using the geodetic mass balance assessed by differencing two DEMs obtained from Pléiades stereo-images acquired in November 2012 and in October 2018. The glaciological glacier-wide annual mass balance of Mera Glacier has to be systematically decreased by 0.11 m w.e. a−1to match the geodetic mass balance. We attribute part of the positive bias of the glaciological mass balance to an over-estimation of the accumulation above 5520 m a.s.l., likely due to a measurement network unable to capture its spatial variability. Over the period 2007–19, Mera Glacier has lost mass at a rate of −0.41 ± 0.20 m w.e. a−1, in general agreement with regional averages for the central Himalaya. We observe a succession of negative mass-balance years since 2013.
Oleamide rescues tibialis anterior muscle atrophy of mice housed in small cages
Authors: Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Watanabe Natsumi , Kitakaze Tomoya , Sugimoto Keiichiro , Izawa Takeshi , Kai Kenji , Harada Naoki , Yamaji Ryoichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSkeletal muscle atrophy causes decreased physical activity and increased risk of metabolic diseases. We investigated the effects of oleamide (cis-9,10-octadecanamide) treatment on skeletal muscle health. The plasma concentration of endogenous oleamide was approximately 30 nm in male ddY mice under normal physiological conditions. When the stable isotope-labelled oleamide was orally administered to male ddY mice (50 mg/kg), the plasma concentration of exogenous oleamide reached approximately 170 nm after 1 h. Male ddY mice were housed in small cages (one-sixth of normal size) to enforce sedentary behaviour and orally administered oleamide (50 mg/kg per d) for 4 weeks. Housing in small cages decreased tibialis anterior (TA) muscle mass and the cross-sectional area of the myofibres in TA muscle. Dietary oleamide alleviated the decreases in TA muscle and resulted in plasma oleamide concentration of approximately 120 nm in mice housed in small cages. Housing in small cages had no influence on the phosphorylation levels of Akt serine/threonine kinase (Akt), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) in TA muscle; nevertheless, oleamide increased the phosphorylation levels of the proteins. Housing in small cages increased the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II and sequestosome 1 (p62), but not LC3-I, in TA muscle, and oleamide reduced LC3-I, LC3-II and p62 expression levels. In C2C12 myotubes, oleamide increased myotube diameter at ≥100 nm. Furthermore, the mTOR inhibitor, Torin 1, suppressed oleamide-induced increases in myotube diameter and protein synthesis. These results indicate that dietary oleamide rescued TA muscle atrophy in mice housed in small cages, possibly by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway and restoring autophagy flux.
Gallic acid affects intestinal-epithelial-cell integrity and selected amino-acid uptake in porcine in vitro and ex vivo permeability models
Authors: Tretola Marco , Bee Giuseppe , Silacci Paolo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGallic acid (GA) is widely used as a dietary supplement due to several health-promoting effects, although its effects on intestinal-epithelial-cell integrity and transport remain mostly unknown. The present study aims to clarify the effects of GA on tight junctions and intestinal nutrient uptake through in vitro and ex vivo models. Both intestinal porcine enterocyte cell line-J2 cells and porcine middle-jejunum segments were treated with 5 (T5), 25 (T25) and 50 (T50) µm GA and mounted in Ussing chambers to determine transepithelial resistance (TEER), claudin-1 (CLDN1), occludin (OCLN), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein (in tissues and cells) and mRNA (in cells) expression. In addition, uptake of l-glutamate (l-Glut), l-arginine (l-Arg), l-lysine (l-Lys) and l-methionine (l-Meth) together with cationic-amino-acid transporter-1 (CAT-1) and excitatory-amino-acid transporter-3 (EAAT3) expression was evaluated. No apoptosis was observed in GA-treated cells, but TEER and CLDN1 protein abundance was lower with T50 compared with untreated cells. l-Arg and l-Lys uptake was greater with T5 than with T25 and T50. Ex vivo, T50 decreased the TEER values and the protein levels of CLDN1, OCLN and ZO-1, whereas T5 and T25 only decreased CLDN1 protein expression compared with untreated tissues. Moreover, T25 increased l-Glut and l-Arg uptake, the latter confirmed by an increased protein expression of CAT-1. GA influences intestinal uptake of the tested cationic amino acids at low concentrations and decreases the intestinal-cell barrier function at high concentrations. Similarities were observed between in vitro and ex vivo, but different treatment times and structures must be considered.
Irregular recruitment of the echinoid Echinocyamus pusillus and its implications for biological traits analysis
Authors: Warwick Richard M. , Pearce Bryony 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSize-frequency analysis of the echinoid Echinocyamus pusillus from six offshore areas in the southern North Sea and eastern English Channel reveal five distinct cohorts, suggesting a lifespan of five years. In all six individual areas one or more year-groups are absent, due to the unsuccessful recruitment of planktonic larvae to the seabed in some years, giving a false impression of a shorter lifespan. A relatively long lifespan and planktotrophic larval development are remarkable for such a small species, which reaches a maximum test length of 7.3 mm in the area, such traits being more typical of large-sized macrobenthic species. The feeding mode is akin to that of many meiobenthic taxa. The architecture of the test confers exceptional strength and resilience to mechanical perturbation.
Identification of Leishmania infantum in blood donors from endemic regions for visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Pereira Loren Queli , Ferreira-Silva Márcia Maria , Ratkevicius Cristhianne Molinero Andrade , Gómez-Hérnandez César , De Vito Fernanda Bernadelli , Tanaka Sarah Cristina Sato Vaz , Rodrigues Júnior Virmondes , Moraes-Souza Helio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis is an endemic protozoonosis observed in over 60 countries, with over 500 000 new cases recorded annually. Although the diagnostic procedure of its symptomatic forms is well established, for asymptomatic patients, who represent about 85% of those infected, there is no consensus on the best method for its identification. Recent studies have presented molecular techniques as viable identification methods, with good sensitivity and specificity indices in asymptomatic individuals. Therefore, we aimed to use molecular methods to assess their effectiveness in identifying the presence of asymptomatic infection by Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) individuals from endemic regions of Brazil. Screening was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and confirmed by sequencing the cytochrome B gene. Of the 127 samples [from 608 blood donors who had participated in a previous study, of which 34 were positive by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) rK39] tested by qPCR, 31 (24.4%) were positive. In the sequencing of 10 qPCR-positive samples, five were identified as L. infantum. Complimentary samples of the ELISA rK39 and conventional PCR showed only reasonable and low agreement with qPCR, respectively. The qPCR confirmed the presence of infection in five of the 10 sequenced samples, ELISA confirmed three, and the conventional PCR confirmed none.
Age-related loss of resources and perceived old age in China
Authors: Liu Huijun , Yang Ru , Feng Zhixin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLife expectancy in China has increased. This paper explores the age when older adults (aged 60 and above) consider themselves to be an ‘older person’ and how age-related loss of resources (five dimensions: early cumulative factors, decline and loss of health resources, reduction and loss of economic resources, weakening and loss of social support resources, and personal role transition and experiences of losing family members) could impact their perceived old age. Using two waves of data from the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey (CLASS) in 2014 and 2016 (6,244 participants in 2014 and 2,989 participants in both 2014 and 2016), we found that the mean perceived old age is around 70 years at baseline (2014). Higher level of educational attainment and occupational types (early cumulative factors), better health condition, receiving support from friends and taking care of grandchildren are significantly associated with the perception that old age begins at an older age at baseline, while being Han-Chinese, being an urban resident (early cumulative factors) and reporting better health condition have significant positive effects on the perception that old age begins at an older age in the later wave. Our findings suggest that the age standard of older adults should be adjusted dynamically in response to social development and longevity, and also highlight the importance of early cumulative factors in shaping the ageing process besides age-related factors.
Citizen-centred or state-centred? The representational design of International Parliamentary Institutions
Authors: Winzen Thomas , Rocabert Jofre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs a result of the spread of International Parliamentary Institutions (IPIs), international organisations face crucial questions of representational design. We introduce a distinction betweencitizen-centredandstate-centredIPIs in international organisations (IO). Drawing on original data, we show that, even though parliaments might seem likely to foster citizen representation in the international realm, they in fact often follow state-centred representational designs. We further find that citizen-centred IPIs are a near exclusive phenomenon of a few, democratic regional integration projects. Given the prevalence of state-centred representational designs, we conclude that IPIs’ potential to represent different cross-border communities, concerns, and conflict lines than intergovernmental IO bodies remains institutionally limited. IPIs are thus unlikely to challenge these bodies in similar ways as often observed in the relationship between the European Parliament and the European Union's Council of Ministers.
Disjointness graphs of segments in the space
Authors: Pach János , Tardos Gábor , Tóth Géza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe disjointness graph G = G(𝒮) of a set of segments 𝒮 in ${\mathbb{R}^d}$, $$d \ge 2$$, is a graph whose vertex set is 𝒮 and two vertices are connected by an edge if and only if the corresponding segments are disjoint. We prove that the chromatic number of G satisfies $\chi (G) \le {(\omega (G))^4} + {(\omega (G))^3}$, where ω(G) denotes the clique number of G. It follows that 𝒮 has Ω(n1/5) pairwise intersecting or pairwise disjoint elements. Stronger bounds are established for lines in space, instead of segments.We show that computing ω(G) and χ(G) for disjointness graphs of lines in space are NP-hard tasks. However, we can design efficient algorithms to compute proper colourings of G in which the number of colours satisfies the above upper bounds. One cannot expect similar results for sets of continuous arcs, instead of segments, even in the plane. We construct families of arcs whose disjointness graphs are triangle-free (ω(G) = 2), but whose chromatic numbers are arbitrarily large.
Neurodevelopmental evaluation strategies for children with congenital heart disease aged birth through 5 years: recommendations from the cardiac neurodevelopmental outcome collaborative
Authors: Ware Janice , Butcher Jennifer L. , Latal Beatrice , Sadhwani Anjali , Rollins Caitlin K. , Brosig Soto Cheryl L. , Butler Samantha C. , Eiler-Sims Patricia B. , Ullman Shade Catherine V. , Wernovsky Gil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper provides specific guidelines for the neurodevelopmental evaluation of children aged birth through 5 years with complex congenital heart disease. There is wide recognition that children with congenital heart disease are at high risk for neurodevelopmental impairments that are first apparent in infancy and often persist as children mature. Impairments among children with complex congenital heart disease cross developmental domains and affect multiple functional abilities. The guidelines provided are derived from the substantial body of research generated over the past 30 years describing the characteristic developmental profiles and the long-term trajectories of children surviving with complex congenital heart conditions. The content and the timing of the guidelines are consistent with the 2012 American Heart Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics scientific statement documenting the need for ongoing developmental monitoring and assessment from infancy through adolescence. The specific guidelines offered in this article were developed by a multidisciplinary clinical research team affiliated with the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative, a not-for-profit organisation established to determine and implement best neurodevelopmental practices for children with congenital heart disease. The guidelines are designed for use in clinical and research applications and offer an abbreviated core protocol and an extended version that expands the scope of the evaluation. The guidelines emphasise the value of early risk identification, use of evidence-based assessment instruments, consideration of family and cultural preferences, and the importance of providing multidimensional community-based services to remediate risk.
The Effects of Positional Change on Hemodynamic Parameters in Spinal Immobilization
Authors: Gökçen Emre , Demir Vahit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction:The use of a long backboard and cervical collar are commonly recommended by international guidelines for spinal immobilization, but both devices may cause several side effects. In a recent study, it was reported that spinal immobilization at 20° eliminated the decrease in pulmonary function secondary to spinal immobilization performed at 0°. Spinal immobilization at 20° is a new recommendation, but other potential effects need to be explored before it can be implemented in clinical use.Study Objective:Hemodynamic observation is important in the management of trauma patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spinal immobilization at a 20° position instead of 0° on hemodynamic parameters.Methods:This study included 53 healthy volunteers who underwent spinal immobilization in the supine position (00) and in an elevated position (200). Systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (LVOT-VTI), left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV), cardiac output (CO), inferior vena cava diameter inspiration (IVC diameter insp), IVC diameter expiration (IVC diameter exp), and inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVC-CI) were measured at the 0th and 30th minutes of spinal immobilization in both positions. The data were compared for demonstrating the efficiency of both positions in spinal immobilization.Results:A statistically significant difference was found in the parameters of the IVC diameter (exp), IVC diameter (insp), LVOT-VTI, LVSV, and CO through the measurements starting in the 0th minute of the transition from 0° to 20° (P <.001). Delta values (∆) of hemodynamic parameters (∆IVC diameter [exp], ∆IVC diameter [insp], ∆LVOT-VTI, ∆SV, ∆CO, ∆IVC-CI, ∆MAP, ∆SAP, ∆DAP, and ∆HR) were similar in spinal immobilization at 0° and 20°.Conclusion:The findings obtained from this study illustrate that spinal immobilization at 20° does not cause clinically significant hemodynamic changes in healthy subjects compared to spinal immobilization at 0°.
State Preparedness for Crisis Standards of Care in the United States: Implications for Emergency Management
Authors: Ingram Annie E. , Hertelendy Attila J. , Molloy Michael S. , Ciottone Gregory R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractState governments and hospital facilities are often unprepared to handle a complex medical crisis, despite a moral and ethical obligation to be prepared for disaster. The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has drawn attention to the lack of state guidance on how hospitals should provide care in a crisis. When the resources available are insufficient to treat the current patient load, crisis standards of care (CSC) are implemented to provide care to the population in an ethical manner, while maintaining an ability to handle the surge. This Editorial aims to raise awareness concerning a lack of preparedness that calls for immediate correction at the state and local level.Analysis of state guidelines for implementation of CSC demonstrates a lack of preparedness, as only five states in the US have appropriately completed necessary plans, despite a clear understanding of the danger. States have a legal responsibility to regulate the medical care within their borders. Failure of hospital facilities to properly prepare for disasters is not a new issue; Hurricane Katrina (2005) demonstrated a lack of planning and coordination. Improving disaster health care readiness in the United States requires states to create new policy and legislative directives for the health care facilities within their respective jurisdictions. Hospitals should have clear directives to prepare for disasters as part of a “duty to care” and to ensure that the necessary planning and supplies are available to their employees.
An observational study on Ca supplementation and dietary intake during pregnancy on low birth weight and small for gestational age
Authors: Dai Wei , Deng Xiaohui , Li Lanlan , Qiu Jie , Mao Baohong , Shao Yawen , Xu Sijuan , Yang Tao , He Xiaochun , Cui Hongmei , Lin Xiaojuan , Lv Ling , Tang Zhongfeng , Liu Qing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the effects of dietary Ca intake and Ca supplementation during pregnancy on low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) infants.Design:A birth cohort study was conducted in 2010–2012 at the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital in Lanzhou, China.Setting:A birth cohort study.Participants:Totally, 9595 pregnant women who came to the hospital for delivery at 20 weeks of gestation or more, and who were 18 years of age or older.Results:Compared with non-users, Ca supplement users had a reduced risk of LBW infants (OR = 0·77, 95 % CI: 0·63, 0·95) and a reduced risk of nulliparous women giving birth to LBW infants (OR = 0·75, 95 % CI: 0·58, 0·98) (P < 0·05). More specifically, both the use of Ca supplement before conception and during pregnancy (OR = 0·44, 95 % CI: 0·19, 0·99) and during pregnancy only (OR = 0·80, 95 % CI: 0·65, 0·99) had the main effect of reducing risk of nulliparous women giving birth to LBW infants (P < 0·05). There was no association between Ca supplementation and SGA (OR = 0·87, 95 % CI: 0·75, 1·01) (P > 0·05). However, higher dietary Ca intake during pregnancy decreases the risk of both LBW (quartile 2: OR = 0·72, 95 % CI: 0·55, 0·94; quartile 3: OR = 0·68, 95 % CI: 0·50, 0·62) and SGA infants (quartile 2: OR = 0·77, 95 % CI: 0·63, 0·95; quartile 3: OR = 0·71, 95 % CI: 0·57, 0·88, quartile 4: OR = 0·71, 95 % CI: 0·57, 0·88) (P < 0·05).Conclusions:Ca supplementation and adequate dietary intake of Ca during pregnancy are associated with a decreased risk of LBW infants born to nulliparous women.
Assessment of genetic divergence in diploid cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) germplasm using fibre quality traits
Authors: Manivannan A. , Waghmare V. N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCotton is one of the most important crops among natural fibres. Fibre quality determines the spinning ability, which is negatively correlated with yield and yield-contributing traits. Limited efforts have been made to improve fibre quality and yield in diploid cotton. Therefore, screening a large panel of germplasm lines can help identify genotypes with better fibre quality and yield. We evaluated 712 desi cotton genotypes for fibre quality traits. The genotypes showed a significant difference for all the traits, suggesting considerable variability for fibre quality improvement. Fibre length and strength showed high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation. Heritability was high for fibre strength, length, and elongation. Fibre length and strength were positively correlated; however, micronaire was negatively correlated with these two traits. Superior accessions were identified for fibre length (11), strength (20), uniformity (7), and elongation (25) among genotypes. Most of the desi lines (71%) had medium micronaire values. Twenty accessions identified were ideal for spinning, showing the fibre strength-to-length ratio of one. Cluster analysis based on Euclidean distance grouped all 712 accessions into four major clusters. Principal component analysis biplot revealed that accessions AC3418, 360-SP1, AC3522B, Kanpur A, Gao16CB-9, and AC3370 were genetically diverse. The superior accessions for fibre quality identified in this study are potential lines for the diploid cotton improvement programme.