bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal grain growth in a double-sided friction-stir welded Al-Mg-Si alloy
Authors: Vysotskiy I , Malopheyev S , Mironov S , Kaibyshev R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work, a standard T6 tempering (involving solution annealing followed by artificial aging) was employed to a fine-grained Al-Mg-Si alloy produced by double-sided friction-stir welding (FSW). The material was found to exhibit abnormal grain growth, thus demonstrating a relatively low thermal stability. The kinetics of abnormal grain growth in the joint was studied.
Friction-stir welding of Al-Mg-Mn-Zr sheets by using a hemispherical tool
Authors: Vysotskiy I , Malopheyev S , Mironov S , Kaibyshev R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A new design of the welding tool for friction-stir welding (FSW) was proposed. The main idea was in using of a hemispherical tool probe. Such a tool is very simple (and cost-effective) in fabrication and provides excellent mixing of the material during FSW, thus avoiding welding defects. In this work, the feasibility of this tool for joining of Al-Mg-Mn-Zr alloy and its effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the produced welds were studied.
Strengthening mechanisms of ultrafine grained copper alloys
Authors: Morozova A , Mishnev R , Belyakov A , Kaibyshev R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cu-Cr-Zr alloys are characterized by an excellent combination of strength and electrical conductivity and are applied as structural materials in various electrical/electronic devices. The microstructure design of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys, the effect of thermomechanical treatment based on severe plastic deformation, and physical mechanisms providing high strength and electrical conductivity are investigated. The main structure-property relations in Cu-Cr-Zr alloys are considered. The dissolution of the dispersed particles during severe plastic deformation and an increase in the dislocation density, as well as the effect of heat treatment after deformation on the mechanical and electrical properties are discussed.
Strength and electrical conductivity of UFG Cu-Fe alloys subjected to HPT
Authors: Nesterov K M , Islamgaliev R K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the strength and specific conductivity of UFG Cu-Fe alloys processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT). The effect of an ultrafine-grained structure and further heat treatment on the increase of microhardness and specific conductivity is examined. The results of the structural study of the UFG samples by electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) are presented.
Effect of the UFG structure on the fatigue properties of ferritic/martensitic steel
Authors: Nikitina M A , Islamgaliev R K , Ganeev A V , Sitdikov V D , Zhernakov V S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the results of investigation of the effect of an ultrafine-grained structure on the fatigue properties of ferritic/martensitic steel. Special attention is paid to the study of structural changes after fatigue tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to study the features of fatigue fracture and microstructural evolution, depending on the distance from the fracture surface. Using X-ray diffraction, we determined the lattice parameter, coherent scattering region, dislocation density, the volume fraction and size of carbide particles. The paper discusses the effect of the ultrafine-grained structure, as well as the volume fraction and size of carbides on the mechanism of fracture during fatigue tests.
Features of a severe plastic deformation method for threaded steel reinforcing bars used in construction
Authors: Raab A G , Raab G I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Enhancing the mechanical properties of products by developing new technologically advanced SPD methods, as the most efficient for strengthening of materials due to deep refinement of the initial structure, is an urgent task. For this purpose, a method was developed for the continuous forming of threaded rods with the required properties, using successive operations of rolling and transverse shear. The produced rods with a threaded profile can be used in construction as reinforcing bars for the reinforcement of concrete structures. The studies were conducted using mathematical modeling and physical experiments. We analyzed the stress-strain state of the produced billets. In one processing cycle, the strength of the initial billet from low-carbon steel 10 was raised from 350 to 530-550 MPa and simultaneously a threaded profile was formed. The obtained parameters comply with the Russian state standard GOST for steel reinforcing bars of the A500 class used in construction.
Effect of the processing parameters of the hot rolling of a stainless austenitic steel on the processes of structural and phase transformation
Authors: Raab G I , Semenov V I , La P , Dobatkin S V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We studied the mechanism of structure formation of the stainless austenitic steel with the composition 0.09%C, 17.5%Cr, 11.6%Ni, 0.5%Ti (a close analogue of the AISI 304 steel) during hot deformation by rolling at a temperature of 900 °C, strain rates of 0.5-5 s−1 and strains of about 10-60%. It was demonstrated that with increasing strain the fraction of polygonized volumes grows, and inside them the fraction of equiaxed subgrains grows.
Effect of cold rolling on the structure and properties of the UFG Cu-0.5wt%Cr alloy
Authors: Sarkeeva E A , Raab G I , Wei W , Alexandrov I V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The results of studying the microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of the UFG alloy Cu-0.5wt.% Cr, obtained by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), followed by cold rolling and subjected to aging, are presented. It was found that, as a result, the average size of the fragmented structure is 160 nm. The results showed that the tensile strength increases with increasing degree of deformation. The maximum strength value of 605 MPa was achieved after a combination of 8 ECAP passes followed by rolling by 95%, while ductility was reduced to 13%. The number of ECAP passes and subsequent rolling practically do not affect the electrical conductivity and is 34-39% of IACS.
Mechanical behavior at elevated temperatures of the ultrafine-grained titanium alloy VT8M-1 processed by rotary swaging
Authors: Stotskiy A G , Yakovleva T V , Modina Yu M , Polyakov A V , Ramazanov I A , Semenova I P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the mechanical properties at elevated operation temperatures of the Ti alloy VT8M-1(Ti-5.3Al-4.0Mo-1.2Zr-1.3Sn-0.2Si) in the coarse-grained (CG) and ultrafine-grained (UFG) states. The duplex UFG structure was produced by rotary swaging at a temperature of 750 °C. The UFG state was studied in terms of thermal stability during annealing at temperatures 500, 550, 600, 700 °C for a period of 1 hour. It was demonstrated that the recrystallization processes in the UFG structure start after annealing at 550 °C and above. We performed tensile mechanical tests at such temperatures. In a range of 300-450 °C, the ultimate tensile strength of the UFG alloy was stably above that of the CG alloy. Mechanical tests at 500 and 550 °C revealed a more significant decrease in the ultimate tensile strength of the UFG alloy as compared to the CG alloy, conditioned by the intensification of the recovery and recrystallization processes at these temperatures.
Optimisation of laser assisted forming conditions for improved formability of aerospace materials
Authors: Yakushina E , McArthur M , Canavan M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
ISF technology was gradually considered as a manufacturing technology for fabricating sheet metal parts for both commercial and military aircraft. However, many challenges remain with respect to improving the consistency of the process, such as part thinning and springback. This is especially critical for two phase titanium alloy Ti-6AL-4V which has limited formability at room temperature. Therefore, understanding the correlation of laser system parameters and material properties is a key aspect for successful ISF of non-fractured Ti-6AL-4V. The laser heating is modelled to find the relationships between laser power, beam radius, scan speed, and the resultant temperature. The analysis shows that the temperature from laser heating increases with an increase in power, decreases significantly with an increase in beam radius, and decreases slightly with an increase in scan speed.
Study on the extrusion load during equal channel angular pressing
Authors: Zhang D T , Tong Y X , Li L , Zheng Y F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The equal channel angular pressing or extrusion technique, ECAP/ECAE, is a severe plastic deformation process employed to produce bulk ultra-fine grained materials. In this work, the extrusion load for performing the ECAP process is studied. The resistance includes deformation resistance and frictional resistance during ECAP processing. Base on the slip line method, upper bound solution and finite element analysis, the formula of extrusion load is proposed. The calculated results of extrusion load are in a good agreement with the experimentally measured curves. According to the formula, the influencing factors on the extrusion load are the length of the samples, friction coefficient, geometric parameters of die, yield strength and work hardening coefficient of the materials.
Analytical Fresnel laws for curved dielectric interfaces
Authors: Luhn Sebastian , Hentschel Martina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fresnel laws and the corresponding Fresnel reflection and transmission coefficients provide the quantitative information of the amount of reflected and transmitted (refracted) light in dependence on its angle of incidence. They are at the core of ray optics at planar interfaces. However, the well-known Fresnel formulae do not hold at curved interfaces and deviations are appreciable when the radius of curvature becomes of the order of several wavelengths of the incident light. This is of particular importance for optical microcavities that play a significant role in many modern research fields. Their convexly curved interfaces modify Fresnel’s law in a characteristic manner. Most notably, the onset of total internal reflection is shifted to angles larger than critical incidence (Martina and Henning 2002 Phys. Rev. E 65 045603). Here, we derive analytical Fresnel formulae for the opposite type of interface curvature, namely concavely curved refractive index boundaries, that have not been available so far. The accessibility of curvature-dependent Fresnel coefficients facilitates the analytical, ray-optics based description of light in complex mesoscopic optical structures that will be important in future nano- and microphotonic applications.
On So-Called Novel and Regular Metonymies
Authors: Brdar Mario 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Two issues pertaining to the use of metonymy that plays a central role in Slabakova et al. (2016) are mentioned in the very title of their study—novel metonymy and regular metonymy. In this article I draw attention to some problems with the identification of these as well as with the assumption that these are opposites of each other.
A survey and systematic assessment of computational methods for drug response prediction
Authors: Chen Jinyu , Zhang Louxin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDrug response prediction arises from both basic and clinical research of personalized therapy, as well as drug discovery for cancers. With gene expression profiles and other omics data being available for over 1000 cancer cell lines and tissues, different machine learning approaches have been applied to drug response prediction. These methods appear in a body of literature and have been evaluated on different datasets with only one or two accuracy metrics. We systematically assess 17 representative methods for drug response prediction, which have been developed in the past 5 years, on four large public datasets in nine metrics. This study provides insights and lessons for future research into drug response prediction.
Neural Transcription Correlates of Multimodal Cortical Phenotypes during Development
Authors: Pecheva Diliana , Lee Annie , Poh Joann S , Chong Yap-Seng , Shek Lynette P , Gluckman Peter D , Meaney Michael J , Fortier Marielle V , Qiu Anqi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDuring development, cellular events such as cell proliferation, migration, and synaptogenesis determine the structural organization of the brain. These processes are driven in part by spatiotemporally regulated gene expression. We investigated how the genetic signatures of specific neural cell types shape cortical organization of the human brain throughout infancy and childhood. Using a transcriptional atlas and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, we demonstrated time-dependent associations between the expression levels of neuronal and glial genes and cortical macro- and microstructure. Neonatal cortical phenotypes were associated with prenatal glial but not neuronal gene expression. These associations reflect cell migration and proliferation during fetal development. Childhood cortical phenotypes were associated with neuronal and astrocyte gene expression related to synaptic signaling processes, reflecting the refinement of cortical connections. These findings indicate that sequential developmental stages contribute to distinct MRI measures at different time points. This helps to bridge the gap between the genetic mechanisms driving cellular changes and widely used neuroimaging techniques.
Uric acid and left ventricular hypertrophy: another relationship in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Selim Gjulsen , Stojceva-Taneva Olivera , Tozija Liljana , Zafirova-Ivanovska Beti , Spasovski Goce , Gerasimovska Vesna , Petronijevic Zvezdana , Trajceska Lada , Dzekova-Vidimliski Pavlina , Gjorgjievski Nikola , Pavleska-Kuzmanovska Svetlana , Kabova Angela , Georgievska-Ismail Ljubica 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of serum uric acid (UA) on morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients is quite controversial in relation to the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of serum UA with both mortality and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in HD patients.MethodsThis longitudinal study enrolled 225 prevalent HD patients who were classified into three groups according to their follow-up-averaged UA (FA-UA) levels: low FA-UA (FA-UA &lt;400 µmol/L), intermediate/reference FA-UA (FA-UA between 400 and 450 µmol/L) and high FA-UA (FA-UA &gt;450 µmol/L). Echocardiography was performed on a nondialysis day and the presence of LVH was defined based on a left ventricular mass index (LVMI) &gt;131 and &gt;100 g/m2 for men and women, respectively. The patients were followed during a 60-month period.ResultsThe mean FA-UA level was 425 ± 59 µmol/L (range 294–620). There was a consistent association of higher FA-UA with better nutritional status (higher body mass index, normalized protein catabolic rate, creatinine, albumin and phosphorus), higher hemoglobin, but lower C-reactive protein and LVMI. During the 5-year follow-up, 81 patients died (36%) and the main causes of death were cardiovascular (CV) related (70%). When compared with the reference group, the hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–2.98; P = 0.041] in the low FA-UA group, but there was no significant association with the high FA-UA group. In contrast, FA-UA did not show an association with CV mortality neither with the lower nor with the high FA-UA group. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of LVH risk in the low FA-UA compared with the reference FA-UA group was 3.11 (95% CI 1.38–7.05; P = 0.006), and after adjustment for age, gender, diabetes and CV disease, ORs for LVH persisted significantly only in the low FA-UA group [OR 2.82 (95% CI 1.16–6.88,); P = 0.002].ConclusionsLow serum UA is a mortality risk factor and is associated with LVH in HD patients. These results are in contrast with the association of UA in the general population and should be the subject of further research.
Artificial Intelligence Surpassing Human Intelligence: Factual or Hoax
Authors: Khanam Sana , Tanweer Safdar , Khalid Syed 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Artificial intelligence is one of the most trending topics in the field of Computer Science which aims to make machines and computers ‘smart’. There are multiple diverse technical and specialized research associated with it. Due to the accelerating rate of technological changes, artificial intelligence has taken over a lot of human jobs and is giving excellent results that are more efficient and effective, than humans. However, a lot of time there has been a concern about the following: will artificial intelligence surpass human intelligence in the near future? Are computers’ ever accelerating abilities to outpace human jobs and skills a matter of concern? The different views and myths on the subject have made it even a more than just a topic of discussion.

In this research paper, we will study the existing facts and literature to understand the true definitions of artificial intelligence (AI) and human intelligence (HI) by classifying each of its types separately and analyzing the extent of their full capabilities. Later, we will discuss the possibilities if AI eventually can replace human jobs in the market. Finally, we will synthesize and summarize results and findings of why artificial intelligence cannot surpass human intelligence completely in the future.
P5 FEASIBILITY AND EFFICACY OF INDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY DURING ESOPHAGECTOMY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Elke Van Daele , Hanne Vanommeslaeghe , Yves Van Nieuwenhove , Wim Ceelen , Christian Vanhove , Bart P Braeckman , Anne Hoorens , Jurgen Van Limmen , Oswald Varin , Dirk Van de Putte , Wouter Willaert , Piet Pattyn 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this review was to evaluate feasibility and effectiveness of Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICGA) as an assessment tool for gastric tube (GT) perfusion during the construction of the esophago-gastric anastomosis, and as a predictor of anastomotic leakage (AL). Moreover, attention was given to attempts made to quantify this method in esophageal surgery.

Background & Methods
After an esophagectomy, a GT is most commonly used to restore continuity of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Esophago-gastric anastomoses are known for their complications such as AL, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Graft perfusion is an important predictor for anastomotic integrity. Tissue perfusion assessment is currently based on subjective parameters as tissue color and vessel pulsations. Near infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging is an emerging medical imaging modality, requiring penetrating NIR light that excites a NIRF agent within the tissue, generating fluorescence that can then be captured by adapted cameras. Indocyanine green Angiography (ICGA) is such a NIRF imaging technique which can be used as a method to visualize anastomotic perfusion. For this review, 2 reviewers independently searched Pubmed and Embase for studies evaluating intraoperative ICGA perfusion assessment of the GT. Feasibility, complications, intraoperative surgical changes based on ICGA findings, quantification attempts, anatomical data and the impact of ICGA on postoperative anastomotic complications were documented and further analyzed.

Results
Nineteen studies were included for qualitative analyses. All described ICGA as a safe and easy method for gastric graft perfusion assessment. AL occurred in 13.8% of the entire cohort, 10% in the ICG guided group and 20.6% in the control group (p<.001). AL in the well-perfused group was 6.3% vs. 20.5% in the control group without ICGA (p< .001). The group with an altered surgical plan based on the ICG image had similar AL rates as the well perfused group (6.5% vs. 6.3%) and significantly less than the poorly perfused group (47.8%) (p<.001), suggesting that the technique is able to identify and alter a potential bad outcome.

Conclusion
the present review suggest that ICGA is a safe and easy method for GT perfusion assessment. Differences in AL rate between the well perfused and poor perfused anastomotic sites suggest that a good fluorescent signal is a predictor of good outcome.
O102 FINDING FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SAFE IMPLEMENTATION OF IVOR LEWIS TOTALLY MINIMALLY INVASIVE ESOPHAGECTOMY
Authors:   On behalf of the esophagectomy learning curve collaborative group, Claassen Linda , van Workum Frans , Rovers Maroeska M , Hannink Gerjon , Rosman Camiel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aim
To define factors associated with more efficient learning after implementation of Ivor Lewis totally minimally invasive esophagectomy (TMIE).

Background and Methods
It is unknown which factors are associated with more efficient learning after implementation of Ivor Lewis TMIE. Prospectively collected data of 15 European expert centers are retrospectively analyzed. Consecutive patients undergoing Ivor Lewis TMIE are included. The primary outcome is anastomotic leakage and the secondary outcome is textbook outcome (TBO). The pre-defined level of acceptance for anastomotic leakage is set at 8% with a 5% margin. Trends in outcome parameters are plotted using weighted moving average to define when the pre-defined level of acceptance is reached. Outcome trends are compared between groups of hospitals for the following factors: hospital volume, surgeon experience, overall TMIE experience, expert clinic visit, Ivor Lewis TMIE course followed and Ivor Lewis TMIE proctor supervision during implementation.

Results
This study included 1718 patients. Hospitals with a volume >50 cases per year reached the pre-defined level of acceptance for anastomotic leakage at case 114, hospitals with a volume <50 cases did not reach the pre-defined level of acceptance. Hospitals with surgeon experience >10 years and <10 years reached the pre-defined level of acceptance at case 112 and 135, respectively. Hospitals with overall TMIE experience >50 cases and <50 cases reached the pre-defined level of acceptance at case 45 and 112, respectively. Visiting an expert clinic, followed a TMIE course, or implementation under a proctor’s supervision did not contribute to reaching the level of acceptance earlier.

Conclusion
Learning curves are shorter and the level of acceptance is reached earlier if Ivor Lewis TMIE is implemented in a high-volume hospital, if the procedure is implemented in a hospital with a surgeon with >10 years of experience, or if the surgeon has experience in other types of TMIE of >50 cases. These findings can inform surgeons and can contribute to formulate evidence-based training programs.