bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Item Analysis for a Better Quality Test
Authors: Hartati Neti , Yogi Hendro Pratama Supra 
Published: May 2020

This study is a small-scale study of item analysis of a teacher’s own-made summative test. It examines the quality of multiple-choice items in terms of the difficulty level, the discriminating power, and the effectiveness of distractors. The study employed a qualitative approach which also used a simple quantitative analysis to analyze the quality of the test items through the document analysis of the teacher’s English summative test and the students’ answer sheets. The result shows that the summative test has more easy items than difficult items with the ratio of 19:25:6 while they should be 1:2:1 for easy, medium, and difficult. In terms of the Discriminating Power, there are 3, 13, and 16 for excellent, Good, and satisfactory level, but there are 17 and 2 for poor and bad levels of Discriminating Power. There are 43 (21.5%) of all distractors which are dysfunctional which, in turns, makes the items too easy which also makes the items fail to discriminate the upper-group students from the lower ones. Therefore, the 43 dysfunctional distractors should be revised to alter the difficulty level and improve the discriminating power. This research is expected to serve as a reflective means for teachers to examine their own-made test to ensure the quality of their test items.
Smoking Cessation Considerations for People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Brooker Christian , Goldman Myla , Tingen Sharon 
Published: May 2020

Background: Comprehensive care of people with multiple sclerosis integrates disease modifying therapy, symptom management and minimization of risk factors for disease progression. Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor associated with development and progression of disease and increased disability. However, little is known about specific factors that affect smoking cessation in patients with multiple sclerosis or how to integrate smoking cessation into specialized multiple sclerosis care.
Methods: Twenty-nine active smokers with multiple sclerosis were surveyed at the James Q. Miller Multiple Sclerosis clinic at the University of Virginia Health. Demographics, smoking history, multiple sclerosis history, interest in quitting, barriers to quitting and cessation modalities of interest were collected, specifically interest in working with a clinical pharmacist for cessation.
Results: Seventy-six percent of individuals believed that there was no relationship between smoking and MS diagnosis and 52% were unaware of any relationship between smoking and disease progression. Less than half of patients (41%) reported receiving counseling from a primary care physician or neurologist about the importance of smoking cessation. Common barriers to quitting included enjoyment of smoking (76%) and cravings (55%). Seventy-six percent of patients expressed interest in utilizing pharmacotherapy and 37% were interested in working closely with a clinical pharmacist.
Conclusions: It is critical that providers caring for patients with multiple sclerosis assess smoking status and educate smokers about the relationship between smoking and disease progression. Efforts should be made to better understand patient-specific barriers to quitting and preferred methods of treatment, including pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapy. A multidisciplinary approach to smoking cessation that includes a clinical pharmacist may aid in the development of individualized care plans with frequent monitoring to improve patient success.

Article Type: Case Study
Begin with the End in Mind: Designing and Implementing an Effective System for Evaluation and Feedback of Learners in Regional Medical Campus Residency Settings
Authors: Beasley Brent W , Miller Bernadette 
Published: May 2020

Developing an evaluation system within a medical education program can be daunting and confusing. The authors present a step by step approach, incorporating education theory, recent trends, and the many facets required by accreditation organizations.
Message from the Editor
Authors: Termuhlen Paula 
Published: May 2020

Message from the Editor-in-Chief:
It is with great excitement that I share with you that we have added an Associate Editor to our journal, Dr. Peter Nalin, Chair and Professor of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus and Associate Dean for Rural Medicine for the University of Minnesota Medical School. Dr. Nalin has published in our journal and is well positioned to assist with our ongoing growth and development. Many thanks to Dr. Alan Johns who served in this role and helped to launch the journal. We will continue to honor his contributions by naming him as our Associate Editor Emeritus. Many thanks to our Editorial Board and their ongoing oversight and contributions to our journal.
We invite you to consider submissions related to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on your campus. We have one perspective to share in this issue and would like to have an upcoming issue focused on COVID-19 impact.
Be safe.
Regards,Paula M. Termuhlen, MD
Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Regional Medical Campuses
Penyuluhan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Tepat Guna Dalam Meningkatkan Ekonomi Desa di Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti
Authors: Syawaldi  , Hastuti Kurnia 
Published: May 2020

Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang berjudul Ilmu Pengetahuaan dan Teknologi Tepat Guna (TTG) telah dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik dan sesuai dengan target yang dirapkan. Dimana kegiatan pengabdiaan kepada masyarakat dilaksanakan 18 – 20 Oktober 2019. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah kerjasama dengan Badan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa. Dimana Universitas Islam Riau melalui Fakultas merasa terpanggil dalam rangka mencerdaskan masyarakat tentang ilmu pengetahuan teknologi tepat guna (TTG). Ilmu pengetahuan teknologi tepat guna merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam pembangunan dan ekonomi pedesaan. Salah satu desa Bina Maju Kecamatan rangsang barat Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti, dimana potensi sumber daya alam dan sumber sangat baik. Maka dari itu perlu membangun kreativitas dalam upaya untuk bisa bertahan dimasa yang akan dating. Salah satunya ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi tepat guna salah satu alternatif untuk menyelesaian masyarakat di Desa saat ini. Selain itu, pembangunan dan ekonomi pedesaan yang berdasarkan usaha masyarakat perlu dimotivasi dan dikembangkan melalui teknologi berupa teknologi tepat guna. Untuk pengembangan teknologi tepat guna perlu upaya dan kerja masyarakat membuat teknologi tepat guna yang sesuai dengan potensi yang ada dimasyarakat itu sendiri. Maka dosen teknik mesin Fakultas teknik universitas islam riau bekerjasama dengan badan pemberdayaan masyarakat dan desa (PMD) kepulauan meranti memberikan pengajaran tentang ilmu pengetahuan teknologi tepat guna. Dengan tujuan kedepannya dapat meningkatkan sumber daya manusia (SDM) dalam pembuatan teknologi tepat guna untuk meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat dan desa.
An Integrated Microfluidic Probe for Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Biological Samples
Authors: Li Xiangtang , yin ruichuan , hu hang , Li Yingju , Sun Xiaofei , Dey Sudhansu , Laskin Julia 
Published: May 2020

Ambient ionization based on liquid extraction is widely used in mass spectrometryimaging (MSI) of molecules in biological samples. The development of nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) has enabled the robust imaging of tissue sections with high spatial resolution. However, the fabrication of the nano-DESI probe is challenging, which limits its dissemination to the broader scientific community. Herein, we describe the design and performance of an integrated microfluidic probe (iMFP) for nano-DESI MSI. The glass iMFP fabricated using photolithography, wet etching, and polishing shows comparable performance to the capillary-based nano-DESI MSI in terms of stability and sensitivity; the spatial resolution of better than 25 μm was obtained in these first proof-of-principle experiments. The iMFP is easy to operate and align in front of a mass spectrometer, which will facilitate broader use of liquid extraction-based MSI in biological research, drug discovery, and clinical studies.
Evolution, Ayurveda, immunity, and preventive aspects for emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19
Authors: Rajput Dhirajsingh Sumersingh 
Published: May 2020

Evolution is continuous process of changes in structural and physiological mechanism in living being. Microbes/pathogens can evolve naturally or artificially and become resistant to various medicines. Novel coronavirus is such evolved pathogen of coronavirus group. Enough strong immunity is needed to prevent or survive from COVID-19 pandemic. Ayurveda provides ways for evolving physiological responses to built immunity. Present work is brief attempt to increase insight in this filed.Present review was done based on simple theory of evolution, recent updates regarding prevention of COVID-19, Ayurveda aspect toward infectious diseases and Ayurveda ways towards prevention of infectious diseases with special reference to COVID-19. Person with impaired immunity is more susceptible for COVID-19 and thus immunity is an important preventing factor. Ayurveda Rasayana (rejuvanation) herbs, Yoga exercises, Pranayama (special breathing exercise), daily regimens and personal hygiene guidelines can be helpful strategies in controlling the spread of COVID-19.The preventive aspects of pandemic situations are narrated in Ayurveda with enough details. These ways need to be scientifically explored and refined for precision. As prevention is always better than cure hence Ayurveda ways can be considered for future strategies to avoid pandemics such as COVID-19. There is great need of research on Ayurveda medicines on COVID-19 like diseases.
Incidence and clinicohematological profile of lymphomas in Southern Punjab Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Umera , Naveed Muhammad Asif , Batool Maria , Nadeem Khadija , Muhammad Samiullah  , Safdar Sohail 
Published: May 2020

Background: Lymphomas are ranked as the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Endorsing a significant impact on the health sector among the developing countries like Pakistan. The aim of the current study was to estimate the burden and clinicopathological features of lymphomas in one of the major referral centers in Southern Punjab Pakistan.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pathology department of Nishtar Medical University, Multan January 2016 to August 2019. A total of 74 patients both male and females of all age groups with diagnosed lymphoma were enrolled in the study. Diagnosis was made on morphology and immunohistochemistry of lymph node and cases with complete immunohistochemical workup were included and those without immunohistochemical panel were excluded from the study. Baseline tests were performed and bone marrow specimens were extracted from all cases. The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 23.0.
Results: Out of the total, 22.6% patients had Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and 77.4% had Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) was the most frequent histology (94%) among HL patients while Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the commonest B cell NHL (29.3%) and T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) was found to be the most common T cell variant (5.3%). B symptoms, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were documented in 96%, 42.7% and 25.3% patients respectively. Moreover, the disease was nodal in 65% cases and extranodal presentation was observed in 35% of the cases. Cervical node (lymph node) was involved in 25.3% of the cases while bone marrow was common among 53.3% cases. The patterns of bone marrow infiltration were para trabecular (24.3%), diffuse (22.5%), interstitial (1.8%) and mixed pattern (3.75%).
Conclusion: Lymphomas are relatively more common among younger population in Pakistan. NHLs constitute more than 2/3rd of all lymphomas with DLBCL as the commonest histology. Stage IV disease as evidenced by bone marrow infiltration is seen in more than half of our patients.
Evaluating nurses’ knowledge regarding dosage calculation at Civil Hospital, Karachi
Authors: Mangrio Abdul Rahim , Jokhio Pir Bux , Mahar Saif Ullah 
Published: May 2020

Background: Appropriate therapeutic care and management is primarily based on the knowledge of dosage calculation and associated skills. The objective of this study was to determine the awareness of staff nurses working in a tertiary care hospital regarding the dose calculation.
Methodology: A pre-and post-test interventional study was conducted at a Civil Hospital, Karachi over a sample of 50 staff nurses working in different departments. The data was collected using an assessment tool containing 20 items to evaluate the drug dosage calculation skills and knowledge of the staff nurses. The assessment test was taken once initially after enrollment and then an extensive interventional training regarding the dosage calculation was provided to each nurse which was followed by a post intervention assessment test. The results were then rated on the basis of knowledge scores both before and after intervention i.e. 1-5 (poor), 6-10 (satisfactory), 11-15 (good) and 16-20 (excellent). Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0.
Results: A total of 50 nurses participated in this study, of which 44% were males and 56% were females. The nurses had better knowledge both pre & post-test regarding the intravenous medication as compared to the oral for e.g. the nurses of neurosurgery department obtained a mean pre-test score of 4.2±0.8 (oral) and 10.1±2.4 (Intravenous), while the mean post -test were 4.7±0.7 (oral) and 14.6±0.7 (Intravenous). Another point of concern was the dosage calculation in pediatrics department was compromised both for oral and intravenous 2.8±1.7 (pre-oral) and 6.5±1.2 (post-intravenous) increased to 4.6±0.7(post-oral) and 13.6±1.8 (post-intravenous). Moreover, 18% of nurses had poor knowledge of dosage calculation as rated on the pre-test assessment while based on the post-test score none of the nurses had poor knowledge, majority was labeled as having improved knowledge of dosage calculation after interventional training.
Conclusion: Overall, the study reveals that the majority of the staff nurses lack adequate knowledge and skills related to drug dosage calculations. There is a dire need for in-service education to enhance the knowledge and skills of staff nurses related to drug dosage calculations.
Young adults Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
Authors: Muhammad Arif  , Saleem Yusra , Riaz Stephen , Mahapara  , Muhammad Imran  , Sharjeel Atif , Ali Khan Shujjaat , Khan Ghufranullah 
Published: May 2020

Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is referred to as the gold standard therapeutic modality for treating coronary artery disease (CAD) among both old or young patients. hypertension, diabetes, Increased BMI and obesity, etc. are among the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the current study was to highlight the increasing rate of CAD and associated CABG surgery among young adults and to identify the potential risk factors associated with it.
Methodology: In this hospital based observational study, CAD patients ≤40 years of age admitted to the cardiac surgery department of a leading cardiac center for CABG surgery were included in the study. The study continued from 5th January 2018 to 21st August 2019 and the data of 184 patients who underwent CABG was collected during this time period. The details regarding patients' age, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were obtained at the time of initial examination. Moreover, medical records, familial history and risk profile were also monitored. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0.
Results: A total of 184 CAD patients who underwent CABG surgery were included in the study and 114(62%) of them were males and 70(38%) were females. The age range was 25 to 40 years with the mean age of 36.5±3.17 years. The risk profile displayed that increased BMI was the major contributor for cardiovascular disease i.e. 38% patients were overweight, 10.9% were in Obese I category and 5.97% were in obese II category. Following obesity, hypertension (49.5%), diabetes (29.9%) and dysfunctional lipids (14.7%) were common comorbid conditions. While smoking and positive familial history also contributed to the risk ratio. It was observed that hypertension, diabetic history was more among overweight and obese individuals (p=0.029 & 0.666).
Conclusion: Young CAD patients ≤40 years of age display decreased risk and adverse outcomes as compared to the older counterparts but the clinical pattern of presentation is different and hence require different strategic attention.
Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Pengaruh Perlakuan Pemupukan dan Pemberian Silika (Si) pada Genotipe Hibrida Anggrek Cattleya
Authors: Krishardianto Adimas , Sukma Dewi 
Published: May 2020

Cattleya merupakan anggrek yang memiliki bunga dengan ukuran besar dan disebut queen of orchid karena memiliki keindahan dari variasi warna pada bunganya. Pemupukan berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Silika berperan dalam memperkuat jaringan tanaman sehingga lebih tahan serangan penyakit dan hama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemupukan dan pemberian silika (Si) terhadap pertumbuhan beberapa hibrida anggrek Cattleya. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah Anggrek Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, IPB pada bulan April hingga Juli 2015. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dengan faktor tunggal yaitu perlakuan pemupukan. Terdapat empat perlakuan yaitu pupuk organik cair lengkap 2 ml L-1, NPK 32:10:10 2 g L-1, pupuk organik cair lengkap 2 ml L-1 + silika 2.5 ml L-1, dan NPK 32:10:10 2 g L-1 + silika 2.5 ml L-1. Perlakuan terdiri dari tiga kali ulangan, setiap ulangan terdiri dari 3 tanaman. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukan tidak terdapat keragamaan pada penampang melintang daun serta posisi pembungaan, bentuk ujung, susunan, bentuk tepi dan tekstur permukaan daun, tipe pembungaan, resupinasi, perhiasan, serta bentuk bunga. Pupuk yang memberikan hasil paling baik untuk ketiga genotipe adalah pupuk organik cair lengkap ditambahkan silika (Si) pada 5 parameter pengamatan yaitu pertambahan jumlah, panjang, lebar dan tebal daun, serta muncul anakan baru.
Stimulasi Pertumbuhan Stek Pucuk Torbangun (Plectranthus amboinicus Spreng.)
Authors: Karmila . , Suharsi Tatiek Kartika 
Published: May 2020

Torbangun (Plectranthus amboinicus Spreng.) merupakan tanaman indigenous yang dimanfaatkan daunnya sebagai sayuran, obat, dan sumber zat gizi mikro. Sistem perbanyakan torbangun saat ini hanya dilakukan secara vegetatif yaitu dengan setek batang, namun metode perbanyakan dengan setek belum banyak dikembangkan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mempelajari peran stimulan yang efektif untuk pertumbuhan setek pucuk torbangun. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Babakan Dramaga dan Laboratorium Pengujian Mutu dan Penyimpanan Benih Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan April 2015 sampai Juli 2015. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok satu faktor yang terdiri dari tujuh taraf perlakuan yaitu setek tanpa perlakuan stimulan, setek + stimulan sintetik 100 ppm, setek+ stimulan sintetik 150 ppm, setek + stimulan alami urin sapi 15%, setek + stimulan alami urin sapi 25%, setek+ stimulan alami ekstrak bawang merah 40%, dan setek + stimulan alami ekstrak bawang merah 60%. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari tiga ulangan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari delapan setek sehingga didapatkan 168 setek. Stimulan alami dan sintetik tidak efektif terhadap pertumbuhan setek pucuk torbangun.
Manajemen Panen Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Berdasarkan Kriteria ISPO dan RSPO di Kebun Sei Batang Ulak, Kabupaten Kampar, Riau
Authors: Harahap Yuanda Pangi , Junaedi Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

Kegiatan penelitian yang dilaksanakan di kebun Sei Batang Ulak (SBU), PT.Ciliandra Perkasa ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari aspek teknis dan manajerial dalam Pengelolaan perkebunan kelapa sawit, dan secara khusus mempelajari aspek pemanenan kelapa sawit. Aspek khusus pemanenan dipelajari dengan cara ikut melaksanakan kegiatan panen dan melaksanakan pengamatan pada beberapa komponen panen di kebun untuk mengetahui keefektifan dan keefisienan kegaitan panen di kebun SBU. Pengamatan yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa manajemen panen yang sudah ada cukup baik, akan tetapi perlu ditingkatkan agar didapatkan produksi tandan buah segar (TBS) yang optimal. Beberapa hal yang perlu dievaluasi meliputi tenaga kerja panen yang masih kurang, penggunaan alat pelindung diri yang masih minim, target panen yang belum terpenuhi, dan mutu buah yang kurang baik. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan juga menunjukkan bahwa aspek panen belum sesuai dengan prinsip Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) dan Roundtable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). Belum diterapkannya kriteria ISPO dan RSPO ditunjukkan dari kurangnya sosialisasi dan mewajibkan kepada tenaga kerja untuk menggunakan alat pelindung diri ketika bekerja, membawa anak-anak pada saat kerja di lapangan. Oleh karena itu, kebun SBU belum mendapat sertifikasi ISPO maupun RSPO.
Perlakuan Benih diantara Periode Penyimpanan untuk Meningkatkan Daya Simpan Benih Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)
Authors: Kusumastuti Shinta Nugraheni , Widajati Eny 
Published: May 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan perlakuan benih diantara periode penyimpanan untuk meningkatkan daya simpan benih kedelai. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Benih, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakutas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan Desember 2013 hingga April 2014. Perlakuan benih yaitu (1) pencucian dengan air hangat , (2) pencucian dengan air dingin, (3) pencucian dengan fungisida mankozeb, (4) penjemuran di bawah matahari. Benih yang telah diberi perlakuan (1), (2) dan (3) dikeringkan hingga mencapai kadar air 8 - 9% dengan cara dijemur di bawah matahari. Benih disimpan di ruang suhu rendah (± 5 °C) dan di ruang kamar (26-30 °C) menggunakan plastik polipropilen (0.08 mm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa benih yang tidak diberi perlakuan hanya mampu mempertahankan daya berkecambah 80% hingga 6 minggu. Perlakuan pencucian benih dengan fungisida mankozeb, pencucian dengan air dingin dan penjemuran benih tanpa dicuci terlebih dahulu dapat meningkatkan viabilitas benih serta dapat mempertahankan daya berkecambah >80% hingga akhir penyimpanan, 16 minggu setelah perlakuan baik pada penyimpanan suhu rendah maupun suhu kamar. Perlakuan penjemuran di bawah sinar matahari dapat menjadi pilihan terbaik sebagai perlakuan invigorasi benih diantara periode penyimpanan karena murah dan mudah dilakukan serta memberikan hasil yang baik.