bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryo‐Shocked Tumor‐Reprogrammed Sonosensitive Antigen‐Presenting Cells Improving Sonoimmunotherapy via T Cells and NK Cells Immunity
Authors: Qian Xindi , Yi Wenzhe , Yan Wenlu , Cai Ying , Hu Shuangshuang , Yan Dan , Zhao Zhiwen , Li Rongzhang , Wang Liying , Xu Huixiong , Li Yaping 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUltrasound therapy has turned up as a noninvasive multifunctional tool for cancer immunotherapy. However, the insufficient co‐stimulating molecules and loss of peptide‐major histocompatibility complex I (MHC‐I) expression on tumor cells lead to poor therapy of sonoimmunotherapies. Herein, this work develops a sonosensitive system to augment MHC‐I unrestricted natural killer (NK) cell‐mediated innate immunity and T cell‐mediated adaptive immunity by leveraging antigen presentation cell (APC)‐like tumor cells. Genetically engineered tumor cells featuring sufficient co‐stimulating molecules are cryo‐shocked and conjugated with a sonosensitizer, hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether, using click chemistry. These cells (DPNLs) exhibit characteristics of tumor and draining lymph node homing. Under ultrasound, NK cell‐mediated innate immunity within the tumor microenvironment could be activated, and T cells in the tumor‐draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are stimulated through co‐stimulatory molecules. In combination with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) antibody, DPNLs extend the survival time and inhibited lung metastasis in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) models. This study provides an alternative approach for sonoimmunotherapy with precise sonosensitizer delivery and enhanced NK cell and T cell activation.
Waveguide Microactuators Self‐Rolled Around an Optical Fiber Taper
Authors: Zong Yang , Xi Minjie , Wang Yunqi , Zeng Guohonghao , Hu Dongliang , Hu Huihui , Hou Xiaoqi , Nan Kewang , Chen Xiangzhong , Xu Fan , Schmidt Oliver G. , Mei Yongfeng , Cui Jizhai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPrecisely capturing and manipulating microscale objects, such as individual cells and microorganisms, is fundamental to advancements in biomedical research and microrobotics. Photoactuators based on optical fibers serving as flexible, unobstructed waveguides are well‐suited for these operations, particularly in confined locations where free‐space illumination is impractical. However, integrating optical fibers with microscale actuators poses significant challenges due to size mismatch, resulting in slow responses inadequate for handling motile micro‐objects. This study designs microactuators based on hydrogel/Au bilayer heterostructures that self‐roll around a tapered optical fiber. This self‐rolling mechanism enables the use of thin hydrogel layers only a few micrometers thick, which rapidly absorb and release water molecules during a phase transition. The resulting microactuators exhibit low bending stiffness and extremely fast responses, achieving large bending angles exceeding 800° within 0.55 s. Using this technique, this study successfully captures rapidly swimming Chlamydomonas and Paramecium, and demonstrates programmable non‐reciprocal motion for effective non‐contact manipulation of yeast cells. This approach provides a versatile platform for microscale manipulations and holds promise for advanced biomedical applications.
DNA‐Capturing Manganese‐Coordinated Chitosan Microparticles Potentiate Radiotherapy via Activating the cGAS‐STING Pathway and Maintaining Tumor‐Infiltrating CD8+ T‐Cell Stemness
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Wang Chunjie , Zhu Yujie , Gao Juxin , Yan Yifan , Chen Minming , Yan Xiaoying , Liu Zhuang , Feng Liangzhu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe radiotherapy‐induced release of DNA fragments can stimulate the cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐adenosine monophosphate synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS‐STING) pathway to prime antitumor immunity, but this pathway is expected to be less potent because of the inefficient cytosolic delivery of negatively charged DNA fragments. In this study, manganese‐coordinated chitosan (CS‐Mn) microparticles with selective DNA‐capturing capacity are concisely prepared via a coordination‐directed one‐pot synthesis process to potentiate the immunogenicity of radiotherapy. The obtained CS‐Mn microparticles that undergo rapid disassembly under physiological conditions can selectively bind with DNA to form positively charged DNA‐CS assemblies because of the strong electrostatic interaction between linear chitosan and DNA molecules. They thus enable efficient cytosolic delivery of DNA in the presence of serum to cooperate with Mn2+ to activate the cGAS‐STING pathway in dendritic cells. Upon intratumoral injection, the CS‐Mn microparticles markedly enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy against both irradiated and distal tumors in different tumor models via collectively promoting tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T‐cell stemness and the activation of innate immunity. The radiosensitization effect of CS‐Mn microparticles can be further augmented by concurrently applying anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 (anti‐PD‐1) immunotherapy. This work highlights an ingenious strategy to prepare Trojan horse‐like DNA‐capturing microparticles as cGAS‐STING‐activating radiosensitizers for effective radioimmunotherapy.
Amorphous Ge/LiAlGePO Composite Anodes with a Multistacking Structure Developed via Co‐Sputtering for High‐Capacity Li+‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fujikake Daiki , Omae Tomoki , Ikebe Yumiko , Uchida Giichiro 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo realize Ge anodes for next‐generation, high‐capacity, long‐life Li+‐ion batteries, an amorphous LiAlGePO film is plasma‐sputtered as an oxide‐based Li solid electrolyte onto an active Li‐storage Ge material, where the LiAlGePO film suppresses capacity fading as a stable solid‐electrolyte interface layer. Multilayer anodes with LiAlGePO(top)/Ge(bottom) and LiAlGePO(top)/Ge‐LiAlGePO(bottom) structures show high discharge capacities of 799 and 810 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 0.16 A g−1 (0.1 C‐rate) and achieve high capacity retentions of 97.3% and 100%, respectively. A Ge‐LiAlGePO mixed anode also demonstrates a high discharge capacity of 1074 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles, with a capacity retention of 87.3%. The ionic conductivity of the amorphous LiAlGePO is improved by doping the film with N atoms; the Li0.69Al0.91Ge1.52P3O10.5N0.22 film shows a 1.6 times higher ionic conductivity (1.42 × 10−5 S cm−1) than the amorphous Li1.28Al1.35Ge2.38P3O14.1 without N. Among the investigated anodes, the Li0.69Al0.91Ge1.52P3O10.5N0.22(top)/Ge(bottom) anode with the highest ion‐conductivity layer at the top exhibits the highest capacity retention of 95.2% after a total of 120 cycles even when operated at high current densities of 0.1–2 C‐rate.
Wearable Capacitive Pressure Sensors Based on Porous Sponge Dielectric Materials for Gait Analysis and Identity Recognition
Authors: Song Yang , Liu Tongjie , Wang Feilu , Wu Lang , Wang Hao , Hu Renting 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGait often reveals valuable information about personal movements in daily life, and traditional gait monitoring often relies on inertial sensors, which are limited by high manufacturing costs, inconvenient operation, and complex analysis methods. This study proposes a simple and cost‐effective method to manufacture a wearable capacitive sensor, which can efficiently detect different gait signals. The sensor is made by a polyurethane sponge with deposited activated carbon (C@PU sponge) as the dielectric layer, and it has high sensitivity and pretty good stability. The sensor is further integrated into an insole for detecting and collecting signals of foot pressure during human movement. To overcome the limitations of traditional analysis methods, a convolutional neural network model based on residual networks is designed for detecting nine different human activities with a recognition accuracy of 98.15%. Furthermore, the residual network is optimized using a genetic algorithm, and the optimized model is able to effectively identify eight participants with a recognition accuracy of 98.75%. These results indicate that smart insoles based on wearable capacitive sensors show good application prospects in gait analysis and identity recognition, and are expected to be widely used in daily life in the future.
Mechanical Properties and Printable Curvature of Continuous Fiber Composites Fabricated by Embedded 3D Printing
Authors: Gracego Alston X. , Ding Yuchen , Dong Guoying , Dunn Martin L. , Yu Kai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe recently developed embedded printing technique enables composite fabrication by directing a laser beam onto the resin surface to cure it around continuous fiber bundles. This method allows for the production of composites with well‐aligned fibers, and minimal voids, and offers the ability to dynamically adjust matrix materials and control fiber volume fractions during printing. While previous studies have focused on proof‐of‐concept demonstrations, this study investigates the mechanical properties and printable curvatures along nonlinear pathways, both of which are essential for advancing 3D printing technologies for continuous fiber‐reinforced polymers (CFRPs). Uniaxial tensile tests are conducted to assess modulus, strength, and failure mechanisms, with different fiber volume fractions achieved by varying fiber thicknesses and filament spacing. To evaluate printability, circular filaments are printed at various speeds to determine the maximum printing curvature as a function of fiber volume fraction. The results enable the printing of continuous fibers with intricate patterns and composites featuring optimized printing pathways. Overall, this study deepens the understanding of the embedded printing process and offers valuable insights for further optimizing both the printing parameters and material selection. These findings can guide its future developments for broader applications in aerospace, automotive, construction, etc.
Triple‐mode Luminescence and Versatile Applications of 0D Manganese‐based Hybrid Halides
Authors: Wang Fu , Wang Kangkang , Zhao Qiyu , Tang Zuobin , Su Binbin , Du Jiaren , Liu Hu , Xie Huidong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractManganese‐based halides present promising applications in flexible devices in versatile scenarios due to their low toxicity, high quantum yield, facile synthesis, and compatibility with multiple excitation sources. Herein, two novel manganese‐based halides are synthesized, namely (CTP)2MnCl4 and (BTP)2MnCl4 (CTP = (2‐chlorobenzyl)triphenylphosphonium, BTP = benzyltriphenylphosphonium), utilizing a solvent evaporation method. High photoluminescence quantum yields are achieved, ≈98.5% and 88.4%, respectively. Upon mechanical stimulations, both materials exhibited intense green emission attributed to the recombination of electrons and holes. Effective force‐induced luminescence can be realized using a flexible, force‐responsive film derived from the two compounds. In addition, the (CTP)2MnCl4 and (BTP)2MnCl4 crystals exhibited remarkable X‐ray scintillation properties. Based on commercial CsI, Tl scintillator standards, the calculated light yields for (CTP)2MnCl4 and (BTP)2MnCl4 single crystals are ≈89 000 and 49 000 photons/MeV, respectively. A flexible scintillation film is fabricated with (CTP)2MnCl4 and polydimethylsiloxane. Furthermore, a light‐emitting fiber film with a large area of 20 cm × 25 cm is fabricated using (CTP)2MnCl4 and polymethyl methacrylate via an electrospinning method. The film is suitable for applications in emergency rescue, information recording, and emergency lighting. This research provides a new approach for synthesizing large‐sized, high‐performance luminescence materials with multiple excitation sources and their versatile applications.
A Variability‐Aware Behavioral Model of Monolayer MoS2 RRAM for Tunable Stochastic Sources
Authors: Peddaboina Lavanya , Agrawal Kartik , Kumar Piyush , Hegde Girija , Badami Oves , Bhattacharjee Shubhadeep 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStochastic switching in resistive random‐access memories (RRAMs), while presenting challenges in digital memory applications, can be leveraged beyond von Neumann's stochastic computing and hardware security applications. In this regard, it is crucial to identify and model RRAMs where microscopic stochastic events can enable sizeable and tunable variability in macroscopic device characteristics. In this regard, chalcogen vacancy‐mediated multifilamentary switching consisting of a multitude of hotspots in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDCs) RRAMs can be promising candidates for high‐quality, tunable stochastic sources. In this work, an efficient physics‐based model is developed to capture the behavior of stochastic switching in monolayer MoS2 RRAMs. The microscopic origin of stochasticity, arising from clusters of sulfur vacancies transforming into metallic hotspots, is modeled using the kinetic Monte Carlo method. The rate equations designed to capture the physics of abrupt SET and gradual RESET processes provide an excellent fit to experimental data, allowing to extract key material parameters. The calibrated macroscopic model is then employed to explore multiple non‐volatile resistance states in the gradual RESET process, area scalability trends and cycle‐to‐cycle C2C variability over 100k cycles. Furthermore, the statistical distribution of HRS and LRS variability is modeled and large tunability of the distribution is demonstrated using stop voltage in RESET. Finally, it is demonstrated that these devices are excellent candidates as bit stream generators for stochastic computing applications with accuracy values comparable to an ideal source. It is envisioned that the work will induce significant interest in the deployment of 2D materials‐based RRAMs for high‐quality tunable stochastic sources.
Boosting CO2 photoreduction by creating electron mediator in carbon‐enriched poly(heptazine imide)
Authors: Li Weilin , Ma Rui , Liu Zheyang , Liu Zhehao , Zhou Min , Rhimi Baker , Ma Qiang , Jiang Zhifeng , Shi Weidong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe insufficient light absorption capacity and severe photogenerated carrier recombination limit the overall efficiency of photocatalysts. Herein, we designed carbon‐rich poly(heptazine imide) (PHI) by copolymerization of melamine and 2,4,6‐triamine‐pyrimidine with KCl/KI. This material has been demonstrated to markedly enhance the utilization rate of photons while simultaneously optimizing the charge efficiency of photogenerated electrons. The carbon‐rich PHI showed a higher CO₂ reduction efficiency than the PHI, with a CO generation rate reaching 46.6 μmol g−1 h−1. To overcome the obstacle of slow mass transfer, a flow reactor was designed in‐house. The CO yield on carbon‐rich PHI in the home‐built flow reactor was found to be as high as 153 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 3.3 times that observed in the batch reactor. The findings of the experimental study are in alignment with the results of the theoretical modeling, which was based on the finite volume analysis method.
Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Panchagavya: Nanomaterials for Antibacterial, Anticancer, and Environmental Applications
Authors: Muniasamy Samuthirapandi , Angelina Marissa , Ponmanickam Ponnirul , Al‐Ansari Mysoon M. , Mythili Antony , Dixit Saurav , Raguvaran Krishnan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study explores the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu‐NPs) using Panchagavya, a traditional organic substance composed of five cow‐derived components, as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Cu‐NPs were characterized using UV–Vis, FT‐IR, XRD, SEM‐EDS, TEM, DLS, and zeta potential analysis, which revealed their size, shape, and elemental properties. They exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilm inhibition was observed at various concentrations, with 38.98% at ½ MIC, 67.48% at MIC, and 84.03% at 2× MIC. SEM analysis confirmed that Cu‐NPs disrupted the bacterial cell membrane, causing leakage of cellular contents. Antioxidant assays (DPPH, FRAP) revealed high scavenging activity, with percentages of 88.50% and 92.54%, respectively. Cu‐NPs showed anticancer activity on MCF7 cells, with an IC50 of 38.18 μg/mL. Additionally, Cu‐NPs significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in a dose‐dependent manner. The Cu‐NPs also exhibited larvicidal efficacy, with 99.12% mortality against Aedes aegypti and 95.26% against Culex quinquefasciatus, and LC50 values of 29.40 μg/mL and 93.55 μg/mL, respectively. Morphological changes in treated larvae included body shrinkage and degeneration of tracheal tube and ventral brush were noticed as compared to control. Histopathological examinations of Cu‐NP‐treated larvae showed several structural damages, including damage to gut epithelial cells, dissipation of the muscle layer, and loss of goblet cells. GC–MS analysis of Panchagavya revealed its potential for various biological applications. These findings highlight the eco‐friendly and multifunctional nature of Panchagavya‐mediated Cu‐NPs, demonstrating their potential for antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and larvicidal applications, which could contribute to sustainable pest and disease management strategies.
Barriers Composed of tRNA Genes Can Complement the Benefits of a Ubiquitous Chromatin Opening Element to Enhance Transgene Expression
Authors: Sizer Rebecca E. , Ingram Richard M. , White Robert J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRandom integration of transgenes into host cell genomes often occurs in epigenetically unstable regions, leading to variable and unreliable transgene expression. To address this, biomanufacturing organizations frequently employ barrier elements, such as the widely‐used ubiquitous chromatin opening element (UCOE). We have compared UCOE barrier activity against a barrier provided by tRNA genes. We demonstrate that the tRNA genes provide a more effective barrier than a UCOE in preventing transgene silencing in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Nevertheless, the UCOE offers other benefits, increasing expression strongly, albeit transiently, and reducing production variability. Both the UCOE and tRNA genes counteract the repressive heterochromatin mark H3K9me3, but only the tRNA genes sustain euchromatic H3K27ac and recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) throughout long‐term culture. A hybrid combining these distinct types of elements can provide benefits of both, enhancing expression in a more enduring manner. This synthetic hybrid offers potential for biomanufacturing applications.
The Experimental Study of Double‐Layer Heterogeneous CA Scaffold in Promoting the Surface Shape Recovery and Internal Osteogenesis of Alveolar Bone
Authors: Ke Songxia , Sun Xiaohui , Qian Jing , Zhou Ziqing , Lin Minhong , He Baoying , Shen Renze , Ye Zhanchao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this work, double‐layer heterogeneous CA scaffolds were designed for alveolar bone defects. The outer layer featured high hardness and slow degradation, and large pores and rapid degradation characterized the inner layer. The CA scaffold morphology was akin to bone defects, and its direct implantation reduced the operation time. A higher concentration of CA resulted in smaller pores and slower degradation. CA can promote the formation of mineralized nodules and the expression of genes related to mineralization without inducing cytotoxic effects. It also promoted the expression of cellular inflammatory factors, potentially through the TLR4 pathway. In vivo studies confirmed that CA did not promote the aggregation of inflammatory cells or the expression of inflammatory factors. In conclusion, the scaffold's characteristics of high surface hardness and slow degradation were beneficial for surface osteogenesis and maintaining the defect's shape and osteogenic space. Conversely, rapid internal degradation favors the formation of bone tissue.
Challenges and influencing factors in microalgae harvesting using crossflow membrane technology
Authors: Bao Jie , Scott John Ashley , Laamanen Corey Alfred 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAs a result of the renewable nature of microalgae, combined with significant potential for application in various industries (such as bioenergy and nutrition), there is increasing interest in their commercial production. A key processing step is harvesting the microalgae and utilization of crossflow membrane technology is gaining interest. Published research shows biomass recoveries of 93%–100%, relatively low energy consumption, and the option to avoid chemical additives. This review discusses membrane harvesting performance, by examining the effect of microalgal physical characteristics, membrane and module types, and operational conditions. As membrane fouling is a major challenge to maintaining good performance, different strategies to control and mitigate fouling are also discussed.
Fog collection with hairy wires
Authors: Feng Leyun , Choi Wonjae , Park Kyoo‐Chul 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFog collection can be an affordable, practical solution to water scarcity in many regions around the world. Commercial fog harvesters typically use mesh structures composed of cylindrical wires or thin strips. The choice of their length scale, especially the width, has been a challenge due to a trade‐off problem—wide wires or strips cause fog droplets to avoid contact and display lower deposition efficiency, while meshes comprising thin cylinders or strips often suffer from clogging and exhibit low drainage efficiency. In this study, we propose a cost‐effective dual‐scale structure, a vertical core composed of two twisted cylindrical wires surrounded by thin hairs protruding along radial direction, which can greatly improve the water collection efficiency by decoupling the mechanisms for droplet deposition and drain: while thin hairs allow fog droplets to retain high Stokes number and deposit with high efficiency, a vertical core functions as a wicking mechanism for deposited droplets to drain quickly. Fabricated hairy wires have a water collection rate of more than two and a half times that of smooth cylindrical wires of the same diameter, and their steady‐state performance does not suffer from clogging, in contrast to conventional meshes composed of thin wires. Proposed hairy wires can be mass‐produced by slightly modifying commercial products. This study provides a practical solution for the optimal design of fog collectors, benefiting the fight against the global water crisis.