bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental enrichment ameliorates perinatal brain injury and promotes functional white matter recovery
Authors: Forbes Thomas A. , Goldstein Evan Z. , Dupree Jeffrey L. , Jablonska Beata , Scafidi Joseph , Adams Katrina L. , Imamura Yuka , Hashimoto-Torii Kazue , Gallo Vittorio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHypoxic damage to the developing brain due to preterm birth causes many anatomical changes, including damage to the periventricular white matter. This results in the loss of glial cells, significant disruptions in myelination, and thereby cognitive and behavioral disabilities seen throughout life. Encouragingly, these neurological morbidities can be improved by environmental factors; however, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unknown. We found that early and continuous environmental enrichment selectively enhances endogenous repair of the developing white matter by promoting oligodendroglial maturation, myelination, and functional recovery after perinatal brain injury. These effects require increased exposure to socialization, physical activity, and cognitive enhancement of surroundings—a complete enriched environment. Using RNA-sequencing, we identified oligodendroglial-specific responses to hypoxic brain injury, and uncovered molecular mechanisms involved in enrichment-induced recovery. Together, these results indicate that myelin plasticity induced by modulation of the neonatal environment can be targeted as a therapeutic strategy for preterm birth.
Ag(I) ions working as a hole-transfer mediator in photoelectrocatalytic water oxidation on WO3 film
Authors: Jeon Tae Hwa , Monllor–Satoca Damián , Moon Gun–hee , Kim Wooyul , Kim Hyoung–il , Bahnemann Detlef W. , Park Hyunwoong , Choi Wonyong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAg(I) is commonly employed as an electron scavenger to promote water oxidation. In addition to its straightforward role as an electron acceptor, Ag(I) can also capture holes to generate the high-valent silver species. Herein, we demonstrate photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) water oxidation and concurrent dioxygen evolution by the silver redox cycle where Ag(I) acts as a hole-transfer mediator. Ag(I) enhances the PEC performance of WO3 electrodes at 1.23 V vs. RHE with increasing O2 evolution, while forming Ag(II) complexes (AgIINO3+). Upon turning off both light and potential bias, the photocurrent immediately drops to zero, whereas O2 evolution continues over ~10 h with gradual bleaching of the colored complexes. This phenomenon is observed neither in the Ag(I)-free PEC reactions nor in the photocatalytic (i.e., bias-free) reactions with Ag(I). This study finds that the role of Ag(I) is not limited as an electron scavenger and calls for more thorough studies on the effect of Ag(I).
Building block and rapid synthesis of catecholamines-inorganic nanoflowers with their peroxidase-mimicking and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Celik Cagla , Ildiz Nilay , Ocsoy Ismail 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProtein incorporated flower-shaped hybrid nanostructures have received highly considerable attention due to their greatly enhanced catalytic activities and stabilities. Up to date, proteins, enzymes (mostly considered as proteins), and amino acids (as the building blocks of peptides and proteins) have been used as organic components of the hybrid nanoflowers. Herein, we present a rational strategy to rapidly form catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine)-copper ion (Cu2+) incorporated nanoflowers (cNFs) mostly in 3 hours and show their peroxidase-mimic catalytic, dye degradation and antimicrobial activities through Fenton-like reaction mechanism. We systematically studied effects of experimental parameters including catecholamine concentrations, reaction time and reaction pH values, on formation of the cNFs. We also explained that norepinephrine nanoflower (neNF) with its porous structure, high surface area, polar surface property behaves as an efficient Fenton agent by exhibiting highly much catalytic activities compared to dopamine nanoflower (dNF) and epinephrine nanoflower (epNF). We claim that the NFs formed using nonprotein molecules can be used in designing new generation nanobiocatalytics, antimicrobial agents, nanobiosensors and pharmaceutical products.
Sexual communication of Spodoptera frugiperda from West Africa: Adaptation of an invasive species and implications for pest management
Authors: Haenniger Sabine , Goergen Georg , Akinbuluma Mobolade Dele , Kunert Maritta , Heckel David G. , Unbehend Melanie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe pest species Spodoptera frugiperda, which is native to North and South America, has invaded Africa in 2016. The species consists of two strains, the corn-strain and rice-strain, which differ in their sexual communication. When we investigated populations from Benin and Nigeria, consisting of corn-strain and rice-corn-hybrid descendants, we found no strain-specific sexual communication differences. Both genotypes exhibited the same pheromone composition, consisting of around 97% (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9–14:Ac), 2% (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7–12:Ac), and 1% (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9–12:Ac), they had similar electrophysiological responses, and all mated around three hours into scotophase. However, we found geographic variation between African and American populations. The sex pheromone of African corn-strain and hybrid descendant females was similar to American rice-strain females and showed higher percentages of the male-attracting minor component Z7–12:Ac. In addition, African males exhibited the highest antennal sensitivity towards Z7–12:Ac, while American males showed highest sensitivity towards the major pheromone component Z9–14:Ac. Increasing the production of and response to the critical minor component Z7–12:Ac may reduce communication interference with other African Spodoptera species that share the same major pheromone component. The implications of our results on pheromone-based pest management strategies are discussed.
The detection of honey bee (Apis mellifera)-associated viruses in ants
Authors: Payne Alexandria N. , Shepherd Tonya F. , Rangel Juliana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInterspecies virus transmission involving economically important pollinators, including honey bees (Apis mellifera), has recently sparked research interests regarding pollinator health. Given that ants are common pests within apiaries in the southern U.S., the goals of this study were to (1) survey ants found within or near managed honey bee colonies, (2) document what interactions are occurring between ant pests and managed honey bees, and 3) determine if any of six commonly occurring honey bee-associated viruses were present in ants collected from within or far from apiaries. Ants belonging to 14 genera were observed interacting with managed honey bee colonies in multiple ways, most commonly by robbing sugar resources from within hives. We detected at least one virus in 89% of the ant samples collected from apiary sites (n = 57) and in 15% of ant samples collected at non-apiary sites (n = 20). We found that none of these ant samples tested positive for the replication of Deformed wing virus, Black queen cell virus, or Israeli acute paralysis virus, however. Future studies looking at possible virus transmission between ants and bees could determine whether ants can be considered mechanical vectors of honey bee-associated viruses, making them a potential threat to pollinator health.
Polymer/Graphene oxide nanocomposite thin film for NO2 sensor: An in situ investigation of electronic, morphological, structural, and spectroscopic properties
Authors: Sahu Praveen Kumar , Pandey Rajiv K. , Dwivedi R. , Mishra V. N. , Prakash R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe higher operating temperature of metal oxide and air instability of organic based NO2 sensor causes extremely urgent for development of a reliable low cost sensor to detect NO2 at room temperature. Therefore, we present a fabrication of large area Polymer/GO nano hybrid thin film for polymer thin film transistors (PTFTs) based NO2 sensors assisted via facile method named ‘spreading-solidifying (SS) method’, grown over air/liquid interface and successive investigation of effect of NO2 on film via several characterizations. The PTFTs sensor has demonstrated swift and high response towards low concentration of NO2 gas with air stability and provided real time non-invasive type NO2 sensor. Herein, we are reporting the nanohybrid PBTTT/GO composite based PTFT sensor with good repeatability and sensor response for low concentration NO2. The thin film grown via SS technique has reported very good adsorption/desorption of target analyte having response/recovery time of 75 s/523 s for 10 ppm concentration of NO2 gas. It has been observed that % change in drain current (sensor response) saturated with increasing concentration of NO2. The transient analysis demonstrates the fast sensor response and recovery time. Furthermore, in order to understand the insight of high performance of sensor, effect of NO2 on nanohybrid film and sensing mechanism, an in situ investigations was conducted via multiple technique viz. spectral, electronic, structural, and morphological characterization. Finally, the performance of sensor and the site of adsorption of NO2 at polymer chains were argued using schematic diagram. This work shows the simple fabrication process for mass production, low cost and room temperature operated gas sensors for monitoring the real-time environment conditions and gives an insight about the sensing mechanism adsorption site of NO2.
The anti-inflammatory potential of cefazolin as common gamma chain cytokine inhibitor
Authors: Żyżyńska-Granica Barbara , Trzaskowski Bartosz , Dutkiewicz Małgorzata , Zegrocka-Stendel Oliwia , Machcińska Maja , Bocian Katarzyna , Kowalewska Magdalena , Koziak Katarzyna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA continuing quest for specific inhibitors of proinflammatory cytokines brings promise for effective therapies designed for inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Cefazolin, a safe, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, has been recently shown to specifically interact with interleukin 15 (IL-15) receptor subunit α (IL-15Rα) and to inhibit IL-15-dependent TNF-α and IL-17 synthesis. The aim of this study was to elucidate cefazolin activity against IL-2, IL-4, IL-15 and IL-21, i.e. four cytokines sharing the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc). In silico, molecular docking unveiled two potential cefazolin binding sites within the IL-2/IL-15Rβ subunit and two within the γc subunit. In vitro, cefazolin decreased proliferation of PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) following IL-2, IL-4 and IL-15 stimulation, reduced production of IFN-γ, IL-17 and TNF-α in IL-2- and IL-15-treated PBMC and in IL-15 stimulated natural killer (NK) cells, attenuated IL-4-dependent expression of CD11c in monocyte-derived dendritic cells and suppressed phosphorylation of JAK3 in response to IL-2 and IL-15 in PBMC, to IL-4 in TF-1 (erythroleukemic cell line) and to IL-21 in NK-92 (NK cell line). The results of the study suggest that cefazolin may exert inhibitory activity against all of the γc receptor-dependent cytokines, i.e. IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21.
Quantifying lipofuscin in retinal pigment epithelium in vivo by visible-light optical coherence tomography-based multimodal imaging
Authors: Nafar Zahra , Wen Rong , Guan Ziqiang , Li Yiwen , Jiao Shuliang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the major source of fundus autofluorescence (FAF). A technical challenge to accurately quantify the FAF intensities, thus the lipofuscin concentration, is to compensate the light attenuation of RPE melanin. We developed the VIS-OCT-FAF technology to accomplish optical coherence tomography (OCT) and FAF simultaneously with a single broadband visible light source. We demonstrated that light attenuation by RPE melanin can be assessed and corrected using the depth-resolved OCT signals. FAF images from albino and pigmented rats showed that without compensation, FAF signals from pigmented rats are lower than that from albinos. After compensation, however, FAF signals from pigmented rats are higher. This finding is supported by measurements of lipofuscin fluorophore A2E in the RPE using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) showing that compensated FAF intensities correlate linearly with A2E contents. The present work represents an important step toward accurately assessing RPE lipofuscin concentrations by FAF.
MicroRNA-140-5p ameliorates the high glucose-induced apoptosis and inflammation through suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in human renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Su Jie , Ren Jian , Chen Haiyan , Liu Bo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced renal tubular cell injury is thought to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the role of miRNAs in renal tubular cell injury remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role and mechanisms of miRNAs protecting against high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis and inflammation in renal tubular cells. First, we analyzed microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in kidney tissues from DN patients using miRNA microarray. It was observed that miRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p) was significantly down-regulated in kidney tissues from patients with DN. An inverse correlation between miR-140-5p expression levels with serum proteinuria was observed in DN patients, suggesting miR-140-5p may be involved in the progression of DN. HG-induced injury in HK-2 cells was used to explore the potential role of miR-140-5p in DN. We found that miR-140-5p overexpression improved HG-induced cell injury, as evidenced by the enhancement of cell viability, and inhibition of the activity of caspase-3 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. It was also observed that up-regulation of miR-140-5p suppressed HG induced the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in HK-2 cells. In addition, TLR4, one of the upstream molecules of NF-κB signaling pathway, was found to be a direct target of miR-140-5p in the HK-2. Moreover, the HG-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited by miR-140-5p overexpression. These results indicated that miR-140-5p protected HK-2 cells against HG-induced injury through blocking the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, and miR-140-5p may be considered as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in the treatment of DN.
Hochintensives Krafttraining bei koronarer Herzkrankheit – Risiko oder Nutzen?
Authors: Schwan Uwe 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungMuskelaufbautraining gehört heute zum integralen Bestandteil der kardiologischen Sporttherapie in stationären und ambulanten Rehabilitation. Krafttraining ist unter der Berücksichtigung der Belastungsnormative risikolos und gut steuerbar. Die hämodynamischen Reaktionen sind gut kontrollierbar und aufgrund der kurzen Belastungsphasen unproblematischer als bei Ausdauerbelastungen. Auch ein hochdosiertes Krafttraining an Sequenztrainingsgeräten ist mit Einschluss eines Maximalkrafttests möglich. Individuelle Kontraindikationen ergeben sich aus Begleiterkrankungen und Beschwerden nach kardiochirurgischen Eingriffen. Der Beitrag stellt wichtige Aspekte des Krafttrainings für die tägliche therapeutische Praxis dar.
Drinking and Obesity: Alcoholic Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Interactions
Authors: Åberg Fredrik , Färkkilä Martti 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlcohol and obesity are the main risk factors for alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), respectively, and they frequently coexist. There are considerable synergistic interaction effects between hazardous alcohol use and obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities in the development and progression of fatty liver disease. Intermittent binge-drinking has been shown to promote steatohepatitis from obesity-related steatosis, and binge-drinking is associated with progression to cirrhosis even when average alcohol intake is within the currently used criteria for a NAFLD diagnosis. Recent longitudinal studies in NAFLD have shown that light-to-moderate alcohol use is associated with fibrosis progression and incident clinical liver disease, suggesting that there is no liver-safe limit of alcohol intake in the presence of NAFLD; a J-shaped association between alcohol and all-cause mortality remains controversial. The interaction effects between alcohol and obesity make the present strict dichotomization of liver disease into alcoholic and NAFLD inappropriate, and require attention in future research, public health policy, individual counseling, and risk stratification.
Religion, Spirituality, and Health: New Considerations for Epidemiology
Authors: Ransome Yusuf 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReligion and spirituality are important social determinants that drive public health practice. The field of epidemiology has played a vital role in answering long-standing questions about whether religion is causally associated with health and mortality. As epidemiologists spark new conversations (e.g., see Kawachi (Am J Epidemiol. (https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz204)) and Chen and VanderWeele (Am J Epidemiol. 2018;187(11):2355–2364)) about methods (e.g., outcomes-wide analysis) used to establish causal inference between religion and health, epidemiologists need to engage with other aspects of the issue, such as emerging trends and historical predictors. Epidemiologists will need to address 2 key aspects. The first is changing patterns in religious and spiritual identification. Specifically, how do traditional mechanisms (e.g., social support) hold up as explanations for religion-health associations now that more people identify as spiritual but not religious and more people are not attending religious services in physical buildings? The second is incorporation of place into causal inference designs. Specifically, how do we establish causal inference for associations between area-level constructs of the religious environment (e.g., denomination-specific church membership/adherence rates) and individual- and population-level health outcomes?
Pollen biodiversity – why are pollen grains different despite having the same function? A review
Authors: Pacini Ettore , Franchi Gian Gabriele 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe main morphological, cytological and physiological characters of ripe pollen are described, compared, analysed and discussed individually, in multiple combinations and in respect to the female counterpart and the biotic and abiotic components of the environment. This is to try to understand the reasons why pollen grains have the same reproductive function, but at dispersal are morphologically and physiologically different in many respects. The considered characters are: one or more types of grain per species; shape and size; number of cells; types of pollen dispersal unit; sporoderm stratification, furrows, colpori and other kinds of apertures; pollen presentation and array; water content percentage; and mature pollen reserves and osmotics. Some of the pollen features are correlated between themselves, some with the female counterpart or male and female competition, and others with the different components of the environment where the species lives, when it flowers and when pollen presentation occurs.
Network localization of clinical, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Tetreault Aaron M , Phan Tony , Orlando Dana , Lyu Ilwoo , Kang Hakmook , Landman Bennett , Darby R Ryan ,   on behalf of Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2020

Abstract
There is both clinical and neuroanatomical variability at the single-subject level in Alzheimer’s disease, complicating our understanding of brain-behaviour relationships and making it challenging to develop neuroimaging biomarkers to track disease severity, progression, and response to treatment. Prior work has shown that both group-level atrophy in clinical dementia syndromes and complex neurological symptoms in patients with focal brain lesions localize to brain networks. Here, we use a new technique termed ‘atrophy network mapping’ to test the hypothesis that single-subject atrophy maps in patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease will also localize to syndrome-specific and symptom-specific brain networks. First, we defined single-subject atrophy maps by comparing cortical thickness in each Alzheimer’s disease patient versus a group of age-matched, cognitively normal subjects across two independent datasets (total Alzheimer’s disease patients = 330). No more than 42% of Alzheimer’s disease patients had atrophy at any given location across these datasets. Next, we determined the network of brain regions functionally connected to each Alzheimer’s disease patient’s location of atrophy using seed-based functional connectivity in a large (n = 1000) normative connectome. Despite the heterogeneity of atrophied regions at the single-subject level, we found that 100% of patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease had atrophy functionally connected to the same brain regions in the mesial temporal lobe, precuneus cortex, and angular gyrus. Results were specific versus control subjects and replicated across two independent datasets. Finally, we used atrophy network mapping to define symptom-specific networks for impaired memory and delusions, finding that our results matched symptom networks derived from patients with focal brain lesions. Our study supports atrophy network mapping as a method to localize clinical, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms to brain networks, providing insight into brain-behaviour relationships in patients with dementia.
Multiple Brain Networks Mediating Stimulus–Pain Relationships in Humans
Authors: Geuter Stephan , Reynolds Losin Elizabeth A , Roy Mathieu , Atlas Lauren Y , Schmidt Liane , Krishnan Anjali , Koban Leonie , Wager Tor D , Lindquist Martin A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The brain transforms nociceptive input into a complex pain experience comprised of sensory, affective, motivational, and cognitive components. However, it is still unclear how pain arises from nociceptive input and which brain networks coordinate to generate pain experiences. We introduce a new high-dimensional mediation analysis technique to estimate distributed, network-level patterns that formally mediate the relationship between stimulus intensity and pain. We applied the model to a large-scale analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data (N = 284), focusing on brain mediators of the relationship between noxious stimulus intensity and trial-to-trial variation in pain reports. We identify mediators in both traditional nociceptive pathways and in prefrontal, midbrain, striatal, and default-mode regions unrelated to nociception in standard analyses. The whole-brain mediators are specific for pain versus aversive sounds and are organized into five functional networks. Brain mediators predicted pain ratings better than previous brain measures, including the neurologic pain signature (Wager et al. 2013). Our results provide a broader view of the networks underlying pain experience, as well as novel brain targets for interventions.