bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Health Care Workers Wield Influence Through Twitter Hashtags: Retrospective Cross-sectional Study of the Gun Violence and COVID-19 Public Health Crises
Authors: Ojo Ayotomiwa , Guntuku Sharath Chandra , Zheng Margaret , Beidas Rinad S , Ranney Megan L 
Published: December 2020

Background
Twitter has emerged as a novel way for physicians to share ideas and advocate for policy change. #ThisIsOurLane (firearm injury) and #GetUsPPE (COVID-19) are examples of nationwide health care–led Twitter campaigns that went viral. Health care–initiated Twitter hashtags regarding major public health topics have gained national attention, but their content has not been systematically examined.

Objective
We hypothesized that Twitter discourse on two epidemics (firearm injury and COVID-19) would differ between tweets with health care–initiated hashtags (#ThisIsOurLane and #GetUsPPE) versus those with non–health care–initiated hashtags (#GunViolence and #COVID19).

Methods
Using natural language processing, we compared content, affect, and authorship of a random 1% of tweets using #ThisIsOurLane (Nov 2018-Oct 2019) and #GetUsPPE (March-May 2020), compared to #GunViolence and #COVID19 tweets, respectively. We extracted the relative frequency of single words and phrases and created two sets of features: (1) an open-vocabulary feature set to create 50 data-driven–determined word clusters to evaluate the content of tweets; and (2) a closed-vocabulary feature for psycholinguistic categorization among case and comparator tweets. In accordance with conventional linguistic analysis, we used a P<.001, after adjusting for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction, to identify potentially meaningful correlations between language features and outcomes.

Results
In total, 67% (n=4828) of #ThisIsOurLane tweets and 36.6% (n=7907) of #GetUsPPE tweets were authored by health care professionals, compared to 16% (n=1152) of #GunViolence and 9.8% (n=2117) of #COVID19 tweets. Tweets using #ThisIsOurLane and #GetUsPPE were more likely to contain health care–specific language; more language denoting positive emotions, affiliation, and group identity; and more action-oriented content compared to tweets with #GunViolence or #COVID19, respectively.

Conclusions
Tweets with health care–led hashtags expressed more positivity and more action-oriented language than the comparison hashtags. As social media is increasingly used for news discourse, public education, and grassroots organizing, the public health community can take advantage of social media’s broad reach to amplify truthful, actionable messages around public health issues.
Internal Control Quality and Bank Risk-Taking and Performance
Authors: Baugh Matthew , Ege Matthew S. , Yust Christopher G. 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY
Using a sample of bank-years from 2005 to 2017, we examine the effect of internal control quality on future risk-taking and performance. We find that banks that disclose a material weakness in internal controls have higher risk-taking and worse performance in the future, including having a higher (lower) likelihood of experiencing large losses (gains). These findings suggest that weak controls increase (reduce) downside (upside) risk-taking or conversely that strong controls increase (reduce) upside (downside) risk-taking. Path analyses suggest that 22.3 to 43.7 percent of the effect of internal control quality on future performance is through risk-taking. Additionally, material weaknesses are negatively associated with total asset, loan, interest income, and non-interest income growth, suggesting that internal control quality affects both core and non-core activities of banks. Overall, results suggest that strong internal controls improve bank risk-taking, in part through asymmetrically reducing downside risk-taking while facilitating upside risk-taking, ultimately improving bank performance.
JEL Classification: G01; G21; G28; M41; M48.
Transfer Pricing and Location of Intangibles—Spillover and Tax Avoidance through Profit Shifting
Authors: Reineke Rebecca , Weiskirchner-Merten Katrin 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
This study examines how spillovers affect a multinational company's choice of an intangible's location and the corresponding transfer price for using this intangible. Our model uses a company with a domestic division in a high-tax country and a foreign division in a low-tax country, where each division's activities generate spillovers on the other division's income. In contrast to previous studies, our analysis incorporates an intangible's optimal location when the company trades off tax minimization and efficient activities. By locating the intangible abroad, the company reduces its tax liability, whereas locating the intangible domestically yields more efficient domestic division activities. For a high spillover of the domestic division, the company locates the intangible domestically. Our model supports empirical evidence regarding intangibles' location that is interpreted as “home bias.” Additionally, we show how variations in regulatory parameters—arm's length range and tax rate differential—affect the divisions' activities and the intangible's location.
JEL Classifications: F23; L24; H26; O34.
Submucosal gastric lesions: a CECT-based tool for differential diagnosis between gastrointestinal stromal tumor and leiomyoma
Authors: Martirosyan E. A. , Karmazanovsky G. G. , Sokolova E. A. , Glotov A. V. , Marapov D. I. 
Published: December 2020

Aim. To identify criteria for differential diagnosis between gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and gastric leiomyoma (GLe) in contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT).Material and methods. We retrospectively analyzed CECT data of 65 patients with GIST and 19 patients with GLe. All cases were histologically and immunohistochemically proved. We evaluated tumor size, contours, growth type, extraorgan extension, invasion into the surrounding tissues, tumor calcification/ulceration/necrosis and regional lymph node status.Results. Among 84 patients divided into two groups (65 patients with GIST and 19 with GLe, respectively) we found that tumor localization, heterogeneous enhancement, and intratumoral necrosis may be utilized for differential diagnosis. The prognostic value significantly increased with the use of relative density ratio (tumor density/ aorta density or tumor density/portal vein density in the arterial, venous, and delayed phases, respectively) compared to tumor density alone. It was found that malignant GISTs are characterized by a higher relative density ratio than leiomyomas in the venous phase.Conclusion. We developed a prognostic model for differential diagnosis between GIST and GLe with a sensitivity of 90.8% and specificity of 89.5%. We created an online calculator that preoperatively determines probable tumor type (http://medstatistic.ru/giso.html).
Diagnosis of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver. Lecture and analysis of own cases
Authors: Rozengauz E. V. , Dolbov A. L. , Karakhanova A. G. 
Published: December 2020

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver (EHEL) is a rare (1 case per 1 000,000 people) primary malignant neoplasm from the group of mesenchymal tumors. EHEL is the most aggressive representative of the hemangioendothelioma range with metastatic response and relapse rate, and therein is close to angiosarcoma.The purpose of this publication is to summarize our own experience in comparison with published data and to describe a disease symptom that was not investigated before.Materials and methods. We studied five cases of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver, confirmed by histological examination. All patients underwent standard computer tomography with bolus contrast agent.Results. The analysis of the images revealed typical for this pathology symptoms such as local retraction of the liver contour, a specific contrast pattern – “the lollipop sign”. We have revealed a new symptom: “the beading sign”, which was detected in four of five cases. In three of five cases, this symptom allowed us to determine the nature of the disease before histological examination.Conclusion. EHEL is a difficult disease to diagnose due to its rare frequency and similarity to other focal liver lesions. In aspect of radiology, it is advisable to focus on specific symptoms of this pathology: retraction of the contour, “lollipop-sign” and “beading-sign”.
Splenosis: fetters of the unknown or step through existing precautions (part I)
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Zubov A. D. , Borodiy K. N. , Mozhyna T. L. 
Published: December 2020

Aim: to present a rare clinical case of multiple post-traumatic intra-abdominal splenosis in combination with type 2 macroamylasemia, chronic pancreatitis in a 27-year-old woman, clinically manifested like a palpable mass in the right iliac region.Main results. In the first part of the article, a detailed analysis of the medical history is given, the results of archival imaging studies and the data of laboratory and instrumental examination at the time of treatment are presented. The literature review presents modern definitions of splenosis, as well as brief information about the anatomy and physiology of the spleen.Conclusion. The diagnostic process requires a detailed analysis of the history of the disease, the performance of laboratory studies in combination with modern imaging studies, as well as a thorough study of the literature data.
Etnomatematika; Eksplorasi Transformasi Geometri Pada Ragam Hias Cagar Budaya Khas Yogyakarta
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad Anis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract The results of the achievements of Indonesian students in the 2018 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) show that Indonesian students' mathematical abilities are still below average. One of the reasons for the low PISA Indonesia 2018 results is that students are not used to non-routine questions, students are more interested in solving questions according to the material but do not understand contextual questions. In addition, many students think that mathematics is one of the solutions to this problem is learning that is difficult and boring. Based on these problems, an interesting and contextual mathematics learning approach is needed according to the mandate of the 2013 curriculum. One of them is by learning mathematics based on local culture or better known as ethnomatematics. This research is a descriptive study with an ethnographic approach to geometry material which is one of the contents of PISA. The purpose of this study is to explore the concepts of geometric transformation in the decoration of buildings of a typical cultural heritage of Yogyakarta. The results showed that the variety of decorations in Yogyakarta-specific cultural heritage buildings contained geometric transformation concepts including translation (shift), reflection (reflection), rotation (rotation), and dilation (multiplication). Keywords: ethnomatematics, decoration, geometric transformation. Abstrak Hasil prestasi siswa Indonesia pada Programme for International Student Assesment (PISA) 2018 menunjukkan kemampuan matematika siswa indonesia masih di bawah rata-rata. Salah satu alasan rendahnya hasil PISA Indonesia 2018 adalah siswa tidak terbiasa dengan soal non-rutin, siswa lebih tertarik menyelesaikan soal sesuai materi tetapi kurang memahami soal yang bersifat kontekstual. Selain itu banyak siswa yang beranggapan bahwa matematika adalah Salah satu solusi dari permasalahan ini adalah pembelajaran yang sulit dan membosankan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, dibutuhkan pendekatan pembelajaran matematika yang menarik dan kontekstual sesuai amanat kurikulum 2013. Salah satunya dengan pembelajaran matematika berbasis budaya lokal atau lebih dikenal dengat etnomatematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan etnografi pada materi geometri yang menjadi salah satu konten dari PISA.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melakukan eksplorasi konsep-konsep transformasi geometri pada ragam hias bangunan cagar budaya khas Yogyakarta. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ragam hiasan pada bangunan cagar budaya khas Yogyakarta mengandung konsep-konsep transformasi geometri yang meliputi translasi (pergeseran), refleksi (pencerminan), rotasi (perputaran), dan dilatasi (perkalian). Kata Kunci: etnomatematika, ragam hias, transformasi geometri
Konsep Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Muhammad Natsir
Authors: Firdaus Firdaus 
Published: December 2020

Pendidikan merupakan sesuatu yang sangat urgen dalam kehidupan manusia. Urgennya pendidikan tersebut menjadikan para pakar pendidikan banyak memberikan pemikiran-pemikirannya dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas dari pendidikan itu sendiri. Salah satu tokoh bangsa yang peduli terhadap dunia pendidikan adalah Muhammad Natsir. Muhammad Natsir banyak memberikan sumbangan pemikiran dalam rangka memajukan pendidikan di Indonesia. Menurut Natsir pendidikan haruslah berlandaskan Tauhid. Menghilangkan ketauhidan dalam dunia pendidikan merupakan suatu kesalahan yang sangat besar dan jugamerupakan kelalaian yang sangat besar pula. Muhammad Natsir juga menawarkan arah pendidikan yang menyeluruh (integral). Artinya dalam dunia pendidikan tidak lagi mengenal pemisahan antara agama dan sains.
Masculinidades e carnaval na Porto Alegre do último quartel do século XIX
Authors: Leal Caroline Pereira 
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho busca apresentar uma interpretação da história do carnaval de Porto Alegre por meio dos estudos de gênero. O ano de 1873 foi um marco no carnaval de Porto Alegre: nasciam as sociedades carnavalescas Esmeralda e Os Venezianos. Tais agremiações pretendiam mudar a cara dos festejos na capital gaúcha, instaurando um novo modelo de festa - o carnaval veneziano, com préstitos e bailes fechados a seus sócios. Além de modernizar e moralizar os festejos, substituindo as brincadeiras de entrudo por uma comemoração que fosse “civilizada”, “moderna” e representante dos novos tempos, o carnaval veneziano trouxe novos protagonistas para a festa - os jovens esmeraldinos e venezianos – relegando às mulheres a função de espectadoras. Dessa forma, nosso objetivo é averiguar as representações de masculinidades apresentada pelo discurso da imprensa porto-alegrense a partir da instauração do carnaval veneziano, buscando discutir a construção social da masculinidade na Porto Alegre do século XIX. Pretendemos mostrar que a reforma que houve no carnaval serviu como reforço das hierarquias dominantes do masculino, nas quais os homens passaram não só a executar, como a representar o próprio carnaval, dentro de um ideal de modernidade
Uma análise histórico-econômica das políticas do primeiro governo de Barack Obama nos Estados Unidos, 2009-2012
Authors: Schincariol Vitor Eduardo 
Published: December 2020

A economia dos Estados Unidos passou por uma grande crise econômico-financeira iniciada no ano de 2008, a chamada crise do subprime. O desencadear desta crise coincidiu com a posse do primeiro presidente negro da história dos Estados Unidos, o democrata Barack Obama. Sua administração teve então que lidar com os eventos subsequentes originados pela crise, particularmente mediante a aplicação de políticas econômicas bastante heterodoxas no campo monetário e fiscal. A partir de uma contextualização histórica, de uma discussão da bibliografia e de uma análise de documentos e dados oficiais, o artigo avalia a política econômica adotada nos Estados Unidos durante a primeira administração de Barack Obama (2009-2012), sob uma abordagem histórico-econômica.
Mulatas, caboclas e escravizadas: modas de mulher na cidade de Belém (1870-1912)
Authors: Teixeira Amanda Gatinho 
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo discute a moda – vestimentas e adornos – das mulheres pertencentes às camadas populares na Belém da Belle Époque (1870-1912) a partir das representações iniciais de David O. Widhopff e João Affonso, denominada de A Mulata Paraense. A investigação também se dá por meio de análise de relatos de viajantes, fotografias e representações de obras pictóricas, tanto as que antecedem como as que sucedem o recorte temporal do objeto de estudo, tendo em vista que tais registros revelam especificidades acerca dos modos de vestir e de adornar dessas mulheres. Através dessas fontes, permitiu-se entender que estas mulheres elegeram a moda como linguagem de expressão de suas crenças, gostos e costumes, configurando em uma representação em­blemática, a qual ainda está presente no imaginário da população local. Palavras-chave: Mulata Paraense. Vestimentas. Adornos.
The Introduction of the Transport Service Tax and Transport Service Treasury in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Authors: Łopatecki Karol 
Published: December 2020

The article analyses actions taken and normative acts issued that formed the basis for the functioning of the transport service tax (podwoda tax) (1546–1578). The impact of Lithuanian solutions on the system introduced in the Polish Crown (1564–1565) is assessed. The tax base and characteristics of rules and collection are presented in the article. The resistance of the nobility to the introduction of this tribute is described. The resistance was much stronger than that observed for even extraordinary (one-off ) taxes several dozen times higher. Reasons for the marginalisation of this tribute and the ever smaller amounts going into the Land Treasury of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania are also shown.
The article stresses that the only permanent annual tax in force in Lithuania was introduced in 1558. This state of affairs lasted until the reign of Władysław IV. He donated the quarterly tax (kwarta) to the treasury as income. The potential annual revenues resulting from the introduced tax ranged between 2,700 and 4,400 zlotys, and were allocated to the transport system based on transport service provision. The Transport Service Treasury (Podwoda Treasury) was to be supervised by the treasury guardian (skarbny), together with the treasury writer (pisarz skarbowy). Both were expected to pay the calculated amounts to messengers, envoys, and other people travelling for state purposes.
Peningkatan Life Skill Anak Panti Asuhan Yatim Melalui Pelatihan Komputer dan Job Preparation Pada Yayasan Pendidikan & Penyantunan Anak Yatim (YPPAY) Adinda
Authors: Dewi Nurul Hasanah Uswati , Prawitowati Tjahjani , Almilia Luciana Spica , Mursita Lufi Yuwana 
Published: December 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini ditujukan pada kegiatan peningkatan life skill anak-anak panti asuhan yatim yang lulus SMA dan tidak mempunyai kesempatan melanjutkan pendidikan ke perguruan tinggi. Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini meliputi: (1) Peningkatanlife skill anak yatim dengan peningkatan kemampuan hard skill melalui pelatihan computer; (2) Peningkatanlife skill anak yatim dengan peningkatan kemampuan soft skill melalui pelatihan job preparation; dan (3) Pendampingan peningkatan kepercayaan diri anak yatim melalui pengenalan potensi diri. Kesimpulan dari pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah: (1) Pelaksanaan pelatihan secara online telah berjalan lancar sesuai dengan jadwal pelaksanaan yang telah disusun sebelumnya; (2) Adanya respon positif dari peserta atas pelaksanaan pelatihan; (3) Adanya peningkatan pengetahuan pada sebagian besar peserta, tentang penggunaan Microsoft Excel; (4) Adanya peningkatan pengetahuan pada sebagian besar peserta, yaitu tentang pemahaman untuk mengembangkan diri menjadi lebih percaya diri; (5)Diharapkan adanya perubahan sikap positif untuk bersedia mengimplementasikan hasil dari pelatihan
A Seminar Title On the History and Evolution of Agricultural Extension in the Ethiopia Country
Authors: Suleyman Abdureman Omer  , Nuradin Abdi Hassen  
Published: December 2020

Agricultural extension service began work in Ethiopia since 1931, during the establishment of Ambo Agricultural School. But a formal Agricultural extension started since Alemaya Imperial College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (Haramaya) was constructed since 1953.The extension activities of Ethiopia during the last 50 years reveals that a range of extension approaches has been used. The approaches tended differ with each successive political regime. Different extension approaches in different political regimes, during the imperial regime the responsibility for national extension administration to the Ministry of Agriculture, extension service became one of the departments in the Ministry. And during the military regime the land reform proclamation banned the private ownership of rural lands and declared that land would be distributed to the tillers without compensation to former owners. Because of the political instability and major structural changes in the rural areas, including the formation of peasant associations and producers' cooperatives as well as the implementation of the land reform, it was not possible to carry out this plan. There was not much organized and coordinated extension work in the country until the beginning of the 1980. At the current Extension service of Ethiopia in 1991 the T & V extension approach was adopted as a national extension system with major government financing until its replacement by the Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System in 1995. The latter was adopted from the SaSakawa Global 2000 (SG 2000) extension strategy. Agricultural extension service in Ethiopia can be given by different mandatory level such as at federal level by ministry of Agriculture, At Regional level Bureau of Agriculture, At Woreda level Agricultural and Natural Resource office, and at Farmer Training center level Development agent and different stockholders have responsibility of giving extension especially agriculture related extension to need holders. In Ethiopia there are different extension approaches model such as Chilalo agricultural development model (CADU), minimum package project I and II, Peasant Agricultural Development program, participatory demonstration and training extension system, farmers field school, Farmers training center and Agricultural technical and Vocational Education training (ATVET) these are the different extension approaches in Ethiopia starting from the begging up to current extension service respectively.
The level of lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin in the blood of Covid-19 patients compared to healthy people in Iraq
Authors: Shanshool Mustafa Tareq Shanshool  , Dhurgham Fahad Ftak Al_Ghuraibawi  , Anwar Mohamed Rasheed  
Published: December 2020

60 samples were collected, 40 samples were for patients with CO-19 and 20 samples were for healthy control people. Tests were performed to know the patients people through the ADVIA Chemistry XPT System and an analysis was performed to find out the ratio of ferritin to patients based on I CHORMA. As for the LDH analysis, use the Cedex Bio Analyzer to find results were found that showed the great effect on ferritin and LDH, where the ratio of standard deviation to LDH to patients people was 441.5641 ± 234.80 and for control 185.08 ± 35.26 as for the analysis of ferritin, where the ratio of standard deviation was 853.92 ± 516.13 to patients people and for control 88.48 ± 59.44 And through the work of statistical analysis to know the effect of the CO-19 on the abnormal ratio, as the statistical analysis proved that there is a positive effect on ferritin and LDH to patients people and the control has a negative effect, and this explains the reason for the lack of the amount of iron present in the body is little if the person is a carrier of the disease
Uzbek people in the resistance forces ranks during the second world war
Authors: Saidov Ilkhom Mukhiddinovich  
Published: December 2020

The article examines Uzbek fighters’ heroic actions in the battles on the front line. Notoriously, that Uzbek thrillers were also at the fronts forefront organized against the Nazi army, which was waging aggressive wars to subjugate the whole world.
The unique archival documents and scientific literature that have survived to this day contain original information about Uzbek soldiers battles at the front. This article is also devoted to a scientific study of Uzbek soldiers heroism in major battles at the front which are based on these facts.