bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discover the Microbes Within! The Wolbachia Project: Citizen Science and Student-Based Discoveries for 15 Years and Counting
Authors: Lemon Athena , Bordenstein Sarah R , Bordenstein Seth R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Elizabeth W. Jones Award for Excellence in Education recognizes an individual who has had a significant impact on genetics education at any education level. Seth R. Bordenstein, Ph.D., Centennial Professor of Biological Sciences at Vanderbilt University and Founding Director of the Vanderbilt Microbiome Initiative, is the 2020 recipient in recognition of his cofounding, developing, and expanding Discover the Microbes Within! The Wolbachia Project.
Ratio Legis of Giving Task of Indonesian Military in Handling Terrorism Act as a Part of Military Operation Other Than War
Authors: Widarsono Widarsono , Djatmika Prija , Suryokumoro Herman , Puspitawati Dhiana 
Published: October 2020

Ratio legis is the reason or purpose for making a law, ratio legis is a thought that becomes philosophical basis or content behind the inception of the law. Related to ratio legis, the legislation in every country has different characteristics in arranging it, specifically in the legislation related to the defense certainly has its defense strategy which is adjusted to geographical condition, threat and ideology. State defense is aimed to defend the wholeness of a state, state sovereignty and nation’s safety from threat and disturbance to the wholeness of nation and state. Then state defense of Indonesia can be understood as a total defense system that involve all citizens, regions and other national resources. System of defense is prepared early by the government and held totally, integrated, directed, and continued to enforce state sovereignty, wholeness of region and nation’s safety from the threat of system of stte defense which then it needs to be formulated into instrument of law or legislation. This study uses normative legal research, analyzing relation of article 30 UUD 1945, article 7 UU No. 34 year 2004 on Indonesian Military (TNI) and article 43 UU No. 5 Year 2018 on Eradication of Terrorism Criminal Act and other regulation related to legal issues of regulating terrorism eradication from the perspective of state defense and safety, specifically giving task of Indonesian Military in solving terrorism act as a part of Military Operation other than war. The aim that wants to be achieved is finding consistency and conformity among related laws namely giving task of Indonesian Military in handling terrorism act and its relation to Military Operation other than war. From the study, it obtains an argument to answer actual issue of terrorism eradication from the relevant and urgent defense and safety perspectives for Indonesia that becomes the focus of this study
Case study of a model of local solar radiation potential and discussion on the associated sustainable applications and potentials
Authors: Nero Marcelo Antonio , Salim Daniel Henrique Carneiro , Mello Caio César de Sousa , Amarante Rafael Tarantino , Fonseca Bráulio Magalhães , Temba Plínio 
Published: October 2020

A transição sustentável para matrizes energéticas mais sustentáveis é uma demanda mundial e atual. Nesse sentido, a modelagem da radiação solar em alta resolução espacial é utilizada para avaliar o potencial de geração fotovoltaica em qualquer tipo de superfície e fornecer informações para planejamento e dimensionamento de sistemas fotovoltaicos. A partir do potencial técnico de geração, pode-se estimar o tempo de retorno do investimento do sistema fotovoltaico e a quantidade de gás carbono que deixou de ser emitido ao adotar a energia fotovoltaica. No contexto quantitativo, o objetivo deste artigo foi abordar brevemente a metodologia técnica e construir um modelo de radiação solar incidente em prédios da EE-IGC-UFMG. No contexto da discussão das aplicações sustentáveis da ferramenta, o objetivo foi tratar de temas relevantes, tais como a construção de modelos de radiação e os potenciais associados, as escalas de aplicação e dificuldades e limitações da modelagem.
Difficult Atrial Fibrilation Rate-Control and Digitalis Toxicity in Mitral-Valve Prolapse Patient with Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Hutomo Suryo Ardi , Subagjo Agus 
Published: October 2020

Rate-control is important management in patient with atrial fibrillation. The optimum rate control provides a decrease of symptoms, improves hemodynamics and prevents tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Rate-control could be difficult to achieve because of patient's comorbidities and special treatment strategy is needed to resolve it. A-46-yo. male, came to ER with palpitation. Holosystolic murmur was heard at apex, radiating to axilla. ECG showed atrial fibrillation, with rapid ventricular response 180 bpm. Echocardiography showed dilated LA and LV, false-normal LV function with EF 59% and anterior mitral-valve prolapse with moderate mitral regurgitation. Acute treatment was administration of digoxin and beta blockers, but ventricular rate wasn’t controlled, until 1.5 mg doses of digoxin was administered. Then patient develops acute digitalis intoxication. After toxicity management, rapid ventricular rate recurs. Patient reevaluation showed hyperthyroidism with low TSH and high T4. Methimazole and propranolol was given and rate-control was achieved shortly after euthyroid state, in 2 months treatment. This patient suffered difficult rate-control despite guidelines-based management. Digitalis intoxication was developed after administration of several therapeutic doses. The diagnosis of hyperthyroidism is central in management of this case. Coexistent of hyperthyroidism and mitral-valve prolapse may be explained by genetic, autoimmune, and thyroid hormone effects in myocardium.
Mengapa Masyarakat Memilih Menunaikan Zakat di Masjid Dibandingkan Dengan Lembaga Zakat? (Studi Kasus Pada Masyarakat Desa Kramat Jegu Kecamatan Taman Kabupaten Sidoarjo)
Authors: Novianto Henry Reza , Nafik HR Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of research is to find out Why Public Choose Paying Zakat in Mosque Rather than Institute of Zakat in Kramat Jegu Village.The research methodology used was a qualitative approach, the case study strategy. Data was collected by interviewing nine muzakki zakat payers in Kramat Jegu village Taman sub-disctric who four of them are related to the management of the mosque.The technique used is descriptive analysis.The result showed that the public would prefer to pay zakat in the mosque than zakat institutions. The motivation of public to pay Zakat at mosques fortified with three reasons are take into account the distance of the place of payment of zakat, more public believe to staff management mosque of zakat, and the public awareness to help the surrounding community.
Pengaruh Equality To Total Assets Ratio, Non Performing Ratio dan F9inancing To Deposit Ratio Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi BMT Nurul Jannah Gresik Tahun 2012-2014
Authors: Anastasia Febby Karina , Septiarini Dina Fitrisia 
Published: October 2020

This research aimed to know the influence of Equity to Total Assets Ratio, Non Performing Ratio and Financing to Deposit Ratio to Return on Assets Ratio in BMT Nurul Jannah Gresik. This research used the quantitative approach method. The analysis technique used multiple linear regression.Based on the result of t-test, Equity to Total Assets Ratio and Financing to Deposit Ratio partially did not influence significantly to Return on Assets Ratio, but Non Performing Financing influenced significantly to Return on Assets Ratio. The result of simultaneous test showed that Equity to Total Assets Ratio, Non Performing Ratio and Financing to Deposit Ratio had significant effect to Return on Assets Ratio with siginificant value 0,001. The ability of Equity to Total Assets Ratio, Non Performing Ratio and Financing to Deposit Ratio in explainingReturn on Assets Ratio of 38,3% and the remaining 61,7% was explained by other variables outside the model.
Bagaimana Peran Istri Dalam Mencapai Maqashid Syariah: Istri Sebagai Manajer Keuangan
Authors: Inggriani Lutfia , Nafik HR Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the form of the implementation of household financial management in achieving maqashid sharia. This study using qualitative approach explanatory case studies. The data was collected by interview, observation and documentation of the research object which is the member of IWAPI Surabaya.The results obtained are of religious knowledge that has an impact on the behavior of the members of IWAPI Surabaya in managing household finances based on sharia. While the business skills ‘less’ have a strong impact on the financial management of daily household. The whole informants generally know the rules of religion in achieving Maqashid Al-Shari’ah and make the wealth as a support in meeting the needs of religion and the world. With a good understanding of religion owned, the members of IWAPI Surabaya is able to implement it into the form of maintenance of religion, life, intellect, lineage and property according to religious teachings.
Keridhaan (Antaradhin) Dalam Jual Beli Online (Studi Kasus UD. Kuntajaya Kabupaten Gresik)
Authors: Ardhinata Ahliwan , Fanani Sunan 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the implementation of the sale and purchase agreement online istishna applied by Mr. H. Fiter Kuntajaya there has been no good pleasure.The research method used is a qualitative approach with descriptive case study. The case study is a qualitative research trying to find meaning, to investigate the process and gain a deep insight and understanding of individual, group, or situation. Data collection was conducted by interviewing informants in this study is the owner of UD. KUNTAJAYA. In addition, interviews were also conducted with several other informants as a consumer as a process of triangulation.The result is the application of the sale and purchase agreement online istishna based in accordance with the rules of Islamic purchase made by H. Fiter Kuntajaya against consumers it did not affect the consumer to fully understand the applicable contract. However, the implementation of online trading Fiter H. Kuntajaya implement trading system in accordance with the rules of Islamic jurisprudence purchase turned out to fruition in the form of the pleasure of the consumers, so that consumers who had dealings with H. Fiter Kuntayaja feel comfortable, satisfied and loyalty arise in transaction.
Faktor Nasabah Memilih BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Gresik
Authors: Makmun Syukron , Ratnasari Ririn Tri 
Published: October 2020

This research is set to determine the factors that influence the customer in choosing BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Gresik which has a customer base of more than twenty thousand. This study uses a quantitative method with exploratory factor analysis. Characteristics of the population in this study is the customer BMT Mandiri Sejahtera. The number of samples at the time of the interview written test prelemenery test as 9 respondents, and to main test as many as 85 respondents. Sampling technique used was purposive sampling where the sample is taken from the customer BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Karangcangkring Central Office. Based on the results of the study indicate that there are six factors that affect the customer's decision choosing BMT Mandiri Sejahtera. Six such factors as a result of reduction of the processing of factor analysis. These six factors are named by a factor of revenue sharing, religiosity factors, factors of marketing strategies, factors saving gift, factor customer service, and the administrative cost factor.
Nilai Fathonah Dalam Pengelolaan Bisnis di Pesantren Mukmin Mandiri Sidoarjo
Authors: Zahroh Fathimatuz , Nafik HR Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

This research is aimed to determine the influence of fathonah value actively rolling in every aspect of business management at Pesantren Mukmin Mandiri Sidoarjo. Pesantren Mukmin Mandiri is one of pesantren based on agrobusiness and agro-industry which graduates entrepreneurs every year.This research used the qualitative research method and case study as the strategy. Data collection was done by interviewing and observing the research object directly. The qualitative explanatory was used as the technique of analysis by explaining the results of the interviews and of the direct observations.The results of this research shows that value of fathonah has a good influence in business management at The Pesantren Mukmin Mandiri, it can be seen from the innovation on marketing, production, increased sales, good financial management and proficiency of students in the entrepreneurship.
The Pennsylvanian Composite Volcanism in the Bogda Mountains, NW China: Evidence for Postcollisional Rift Basins
Authors: Wang Jialin , Wu Chaodong , Li Zhuang , Zhou Tianqi , Zhou Yanxi , Feng Geng , Jiao Yue 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we present new petrological, zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic, bulk-rock geochemical, and Sr–Nd isotopic data for the rocks from the Pennsylvanian Liushugou and Qijiagou Formations, Bogda Mountains (BMs), northwest China. The new data help in understanding the petrogenesis and geodynamic background of the two formations, further constraining the evolution of BMs during the Pennsylvanian. The eastern Liushugou Formation is composed mainly of bimodal volcanic rocks, while the western Liushugou Formation is dominated by pillow basalts with interstitial limestones, peperites, and pyroclastic rocks. The Qijiagou Formation consists principally of bioclastic limestones, peperites, and volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks with turbidites. Depositional environment analyses of the Liushugou and Qijiagou Formations reveal subaqueous volcanism and a progressively deepening shallow marine environment with times. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating of felsic volcanic rocks from the Liushugou Formation indicates that the subaqueous volcanism occurred at ca. 310–302 Ma, viz., the Pennsylvanian era. The basaltic rocks from the Liushugou and Qijiagou Formations are high-K calc-alkaline, enriched in light rare earth elements and large-ion lithophile elements, and depleted in high-field-strength elements (Nb, Ta, and Ti). The above characteristics, together with their depleted isotopic signature (εNdt=3.0-8.1, εHft=8.0-15.6, and ISr=0.703-0.707), suggest the derivation from a depleted mantle source metasomatized by slab-derived fluids and sediment-derived melts. Most felsic volcanic rocks of the high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonite series from the Liushugou and Qijiagou Formations show features of the A2-type granites and have similar trace and isotopic composition to the basaltic rocks, which were probably generated from the partial melting of juvenile continental crust. Combining the newly acquired data with the regional geology, we propose that the Pennsylvanian volcanic and sedimentary rocks in the BMs were formed in a series of postcollisional rift basins which were related to local strike-slip faulting. Moreover, the volcanic rocks in the east were derived from a relatively deeper mantle source (thick lithosphere) due to their smaller rifting.
Primary Healthcare Seeking Behaviour of Low-income, Uninsured Patients Across the Public and Private Health Sectors in South Africa
Authors: Govender Kerensa , Girdwood Sarah , Letswalo Daniel , Long Lawrence , Meyer-Rath G , Miot J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The proposed National Health Insurance (NHI) system aims to re-engineer primary healthcare (PHC) in South Africa, envisioning both private sector providers and public sector clinics as independent contracting units to the NHI Fund. In 2017, 16% of the South African population had private medical insurance and predominately utilised private providers. However, it is estimated that up to 28% of the population access private PHC services, with a meaningful segment of the low-income, uninsured population paying for these services out-of-pocket. The study objective was to characterise the health seeking behaviour of low-income, uninsured patients accessing PHC services in both the public and private sectors, patient movement between sectors, and factors influencing their facility choice. Methods: We conducted once-off patient interviews on a random sample of 153 patients at 7 private PHC providers (primarily providing services to the low-income uninsured patient population) and their matched public PHC clinic (7 facilities). Results: The majority of participants were economically active (96/153, 63%), 139/153 (91%) did not have health insurance, and 104/153 (68%) earned up to $621/month. A multiple response question found affordability (67%) and convenience (60%) were ranked as the most important reasons for choosing to usually access care at public clinics (48%); whilst convenience (71%) and quality of care (59%) were key reasons for choosing the private sector (32%). There is movement between sectors: 23/76 (30%) of those interviewed at a private facility and 8/77 (10%) of those interviewed at a public facility indicated usually accessing PHC services at a mix of private and public facilities. Results indicate cycling between the private and public sectors with different factors influencing facility choice. Conclusions: It is imperative to understand the potential impact on where PHC services are accessed once affordability is mitigated through the NHI as this has implications on planning and contracting of services under the NHI.
Health System Costs of Rheumatic Heart Disease Care in South Africa
Authors: Hellebo Assegid G. , Zuhlke Liesl J. , Watkins David A. , Alaba Olufunke A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is a disease of poverty that is neglected in developing countries, including South Africa. Lack of adequate evidence regarding the cost of RHD care has hindered national and international actions to prevent RHD related deaths. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of RHD-related health services in a tertiary hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa. MethodsThe primary data on service utilization were collected from a randomly selected sample of 100 patient medical records from the Global Rheumatic Heart Disease Registry (the REMEDY study), a registry of individuals living with RHD. Patient-level clinical data, including, prices and quantities of medications and laboratory tests, were collected from the main tertiary hospital providing RHD care. All annual costs from health system perspective were estimated in 2017 (base year) South African Rand (ZAR) using a combination of ingredients and step-down costing approaches and later converted to United States dollars (US$). Step-down costing was used to estimate provider time costs and all other facility costs such as overheads. 3% discount rate was also employed in order to allow depreciation and opportunity cost. We aggregated data to estimate the total annual costs and the average annual per-patient cost of RHD and conducted a one-way sensitivity analysis. ResultsThe estimated total cost of RHD care at the tertiary hospital was US$ 2 million (in 2017 US$) for the year 2017, with surgery costs accounting for 65%. Per-patient average annual costs were US$ 3900. For the subset of costs estimated using the ingredients approach, outpatient medications, and consumables related to cardiac catheterization and heart valve surgery were the main cost drivers. ConclusionsRHD-related healthcare consumes significant tertiary hospital resources in South Africa, with annual per-patient costs higher than many other non-communicable and infectious diseases. This analysis supports the scaling up of primary and secondary prevention programs at primary health centers in order to reduce future tertiary care costs. The study could also inform resource allocation efforts and provide cost estimates for future studies of intervention cost-effectiveness.
Understanding the Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Surgical Care Delivery in India: A Multicenter&nbsp;Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gadgil Anita , Bhandoria Geetu , Khajanchi Monty , Sarang Bhakti , Veetil Deepa Kizhakke , Bhandarkar Prashant , Gupta Monali Mohan , Shah Priyansh , Bains Lovenish , Rattan Amulya , Sharma Naveen , Mishra Anurag , Bavishi Devi , Jaydeep Hindocha , Arora Sumit , Kant Ravi , Belekar Dnyanesh , Wadhawan Randeep , Satoskar Rajeev , Prajapati Ramlal , Shrivastava Sudhir , Kamble Prashant , Mayadeo Niranjan , Gokhale Ashish , Roy Nobhojit 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown have adversely affected global health care services to varying extent. Emergency Services were also affected along with elective surgeries, which were deferred to accommodate the added burden of COVID 19 affected patients, on the healthcare systems. We aimed to assess the change in delivery of essential and emergency surgeries due to the pandemic.Methodology A research consortium led by WHO Collaboration Centre (WHOCC) for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in Low- and Middle-Income countries (LMIC), India, conducted this retrospective cross-sectional study with 12 recruited centers. All surgeries performed during the months of April 2020 were compared with those performed in April 2019. These surgeries were stratified into emergency and elective, and further categorized based on NHS surgery prioritization documents. Results A total of 4396 surgeries were performed at these centers in April 2019 and 1216 surgeries were performed in same month during 2020, yielding a fall of 72.3% (1216 /4396).We found a 54% reduction in emergency surgeries and a 91% reduction in the elective surgeries. Number of cesarean sections reduced by 29.7% and fracture surgeries declined by 85.3% Laparotomies and surgeries for local soft tissue infections with necrotic tissue reduced by 71.7% and 69.5% respectively.Conclusion Our study quantifies the effects of COVID 19 pandemic on surgical care delivery in India and documents that the overall surgical volume reduced by three fourths in the pandemic period. Emergency surgeries reduced to half when compared with pre-pandemic period. Cesarean section surgeries were affected the least by pandemic, whereas the fracture surgeries and laparotomies were affected the most.
Blood Donation Patterns in The Light of COVID-19 Pandemic Distress: A Cross-Sectional Study From Syria
Authors: Kakaje Ameer , Mansuor Sabina , Ghareeb Ayham , Aldeen Osama Hosam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction Syria has suffered for nine years of war and there were huge demands for blood during and after the lockdown from Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19).Methods Online questionnaires were distributed to Social Media groups after two weeks of the 10-week full lockdown to determine blood donation patterns. They also included stress, anger, and COVID-19 distress questions.Results The study included 1423 participants, 899 (63.2%) of which were females. Around 48.5% have donated blood, of which 33.3% donated only once in their lifetime. Not having a good reason to donate blood was the main declared reason for not donating, and obtaining a document was the main reason for donating in (64.8%) of participants who had donated blood. Stress, anger, and being distressed to get infected did not have a crucial effect on blood donation, and its patterns. Losing someone close and being endangered from war were associated with more frequent blood donation in contrast to being distressed from war which was more associated with distress from getting infected.Conclusion Distress from COVID-19 was not the main reason for not donating blood. Spreading the culture of volunteer blood donating is crucial as COVID-19 exposure with blood donation can be avoided.