bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Arabidopsis (ASHH2) CW domain binds monomethylated K4 of the histone H3 tail through conformational selection
Authors: Dobrovolska Olena , Brilkov Maxim , Madeleine Noelly , Ødegård‐Fougner Øyvind , Strømland Øyvind , Martin Stephen R. , De Marco Valeria , Christodoulou Evangelos , Teigen Knut , Isaksson Johan , Underhaug Jarl , Reuter Nathalie , Aalen Reidunn B. , Aasland Rein , Halskau Øyvind 
Published: February 2020

Chromatin post‐translational modifications are thought to be important for epigenetic effects on gene expression. Methylation of histone N‐terminal tail lysine residues constitutes one of many such modifications, executed by families of histone lysine methyltransferase (HKMTase). One such protein is ASHH2 from the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana, equipped with the interaction domain, CW, and the HKMTase domain, SET. The CW domain of ASHH2 is a selective binder of monomethylation at lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me1) and likely helps the enzyme dock correctly onto chromatin sites. The study of CW and related interaction domains has so far been emphasizing lock–key models, missing important aspects of histone‐tail CW interactions. We here present an analysis of the ASHH2 CW‐H3K4me1 complex using NMR and molecular dynamics, as well as mutation and affinity studies of flexible coils. β‐augmentation and rearrangement of coils coincide with changes in the flexibility of the complex, in particular the η1, η3 and C‐terminal coils, but also in the β1 and β2 strands and the C‐terminal part of the ligand. Furthermore, we show that mutating residues with outlier dynamic behaviour affect the complex binding affinity despite these not being in direct contact with the ligand. Overall, the binding process is consistent with conformational selection. We propose that this binding mechanism presents an advantage when searching for the correct post‐translational modification state among the highly modified and flexible histone tails, and also that the binding shifts the catalytic SET domain towards the nucleosome.DatabasesStructural data are available in the PDB database under the accession code 6QXZ. Resonance assignments for CW42 in its apo‐ and holo‐forms are available in the BMRB database under the accession code 27251.
Corruption monitoring and the supply of politicians in China
Authors: Yang Wenhui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMonitoring institutions are usually perceived as efficient instruments for improving governance. This article evaluates the link between corruption monitoring and the supply of politicians in nondemocracies. Using China as a case, I show that corruption monitoring pushes capable young elites away from seeking government positions. This effect may be driven by two possible mechanisms: economic returns and career prospects. Specifically, corruption investigations may reduce the expected economic returns for government officials, undermining capable young elite’ willingness and efforts to become government officials. In addition, corruption investigations may indicate that there are potential uncertainties and risks involved when taking on a political career, which reduce capable young elites’ desire to pursue a political career. The empirical analysis confirms these two mechanisms and provides unique evidence for the unintended negative impact of corruption monitoring institutions.
Upregulation of long noncoding RNA Lnc‐IRF2‐3 and Lnc‐ZNF667‐AS1 is associated with poor survival in B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: El‐Khazragy Nashwa , Esmaiel Marwa A. , Mohamed Magdy M. , Hassan Nahla S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLnc‐IRF2‐3 and Lnc‐ZNF667‐AS1 were recently studied as a positive biomarker for many tumor cells. However, experimental studies found that they are associated with worse outcomes in B‐CLL.MethodsA prospective case study was conducted on 135 B‐CLL patients that were compared to thirty healthy controls. The patients were followed up for 40 months and quantitative measurements of Lnc‐IRF2‐3 and Lnc‐ZNF667‐AS1 were measured and compared between the two groups as well as high‐risk and low low‐risk B‐CLL.ResultsLnc‐IRF2‐3 and Lnc‐ZNF667‐AS1 had a high specificity (94% and 85%) and sensitivity (85%, 87%), respectively, to differentiate B‐CLL from healthy controls. Furthermore, they showed high expression levels in high‐risk CLL groups. For survival analysis, there was a negative correlation between overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) and both biomarkers. However, it was not evident in multivariate Cox regression analysis; in patients with Lnc‐IRF2‐3 expression level, >67 had a significant decrease in OS and PFS. However, there is no significant effect for high expression levels of Lnc‐ZNF667‐AS1 on OS (P = .16) or PFS (P = .48).ConclusionThe Lnc‐IRF2‐3 and Lnc‐ZNF667‐AS1 are promising prognostic biomarkers in B‐CLL.
Solid‐state sintering of core‐shell ceramic powders fabricated by particle atomic layer deposition
Authors: O'Toole Rebecca J. , Buur Peter J. , Gump Christopher J. , Musgrave Charles B. , Weimer Alan W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe properties of technical ceramics are highly dependent on their microstructure, which evolves during sintering. Sintering is the process by which ceramic parts are subjected to high temperatures to activate chemical diffusion and the consumption of porosity. During the initial stage of sintering, interparticle necks between neighboring particles form and subsequently increase in size, consuming porosity as the particle centers move closer together. To experimentally determine how this process depends on particle surface composition, particle atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to deposit a thin film of amorphous aluminum oxide (Al2O3) onto yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia (3YSZ) particles, producing core‐shell structured powders. The uniformity of the Al2O3 film was confirmed with transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe microstructural evolution during sintering, and the dihedral angles of Al2O3 and 3YSZ grains were measured to determine the ratio of interfacial energies between the 3YSZ|3YSZ, 3YSZ|Al2O3, and Al2O3|Al2O3 interfaces. Analysis of the densification kinetics revealed that the initial stage of densification is dependent on the material at the surface of the particles (ie, the Al2O3 film) and is controlled by the diffusion of Al3+ cations through Al2O3. Once the Al2O3 film has coalesced, the sintering behavior is controlled by the densification of the core material (3YSZ). Thus, core‐shell powders fabricated by particle ALD sinter by a two‐step process where the kinetics are dependent on the material present at interparticle contacts.
The rise of Chemical Peeling in 19th‐century European Dermatology: emergence of agents, formulations and treatments
Authors: Borelli C. , Ursin F. , Steger F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundConsidering the increasing number of chemical peeling applications, also the interest in the history of chemical peelings and agents, has grown in dermatology. Research ascribes the first use of phenol as a chemical peeling agent to William Tilbury Fox (1836–1879) in 1871. Furthermore, Ferdinand von Hebra (1847–1902) is said to describe the properties of various peeling agents in 1874, and Paul Gerson Unna (1850–1929) adds resorcinol and trichloroacetic acid in 1882.ObjectiveTo identify the first mentions of chemical peeling applications and agents in 19th‐century dermatology.MethodsNineteenth‐century dermatologists were identified by an examination of literature of the last 30 years on the history of chemical peeling. Systematic examination of the medical textbooks of Hebra, Fox and Unna was conducted. It was proved whether the mentioned agents were used for chemical peeling applications.ResultsThe skin peeling property of phenol was already discovered by its first describer, the chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge (1795–1867) in 1834. The Viennese dermatologist Hebra described phenol as a chemical peeling agent in 1860. Hebra and his associate Moriz Kaposi (1837–1902) stated that ‘Lotio carbolica’ was already used in London. Fox used phenol mostly as a disinfectant and not for chemical peelings since 1869. Unna described the chemical peeling property of salicylic acid in 1882 and gave the most comprehensive account of chemical peels of the 19th century in 1899. Unna also introduced the Gutta‐percha plaster with salicylic acid and phenol. Around 1900, Unna was famous for his peeling paste with resorcinol in Germany.ConclusionsA new chronology of the introduction of chemical peeling in dermatology can be drawn from the results. The German‐speaking dermatology pioneered the treatment of skin diseases with chemical peelings as well as for aesthetical purposes 21 years earlier than hitherto known.
Using outcome harvesting: Assessing the efficacy of CBME implementation
Authors: Railer Jennifer , Stockley Denise , Flynn Leslie , Hastings‐Truelove Amber , Hussain Alicia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRationaleIn 2015, Queen's University embarked on an institution‐wide transition to a competency‐based medical education (CBME) curriculum for all 29 postgraduate medical education programmes. On 1 July 2017, this goal was accomplished. With this mass transition came the requirement to assess the efficacy of implementation through a programme evaluation process, which included the use of outcome harvesting (Wilson‐Grau). Outcome harvesting identified the intended and unintended outcomes of CBME implementation, which helped us understand how the intervention was achieved and how the relationship between behaviours and stakeholders contributed to the successful transition.MethodsA systematic approach to document analysis was used to categorize the eight identified areas of implementation: governance, scholarship, faculty development, resident leadership, curriculum, assessment, communications, and technology. Documents (N = 443) were organized per project area and then coded thematically. Documents were then categorized for attribution to outcomes using the outcome harvesting approach. Outcomes were validated via interrater reliability and substantiated by stakeholders to verify accuracy of formulation and plausibility of its influence on the outcome.ResultsThe harvest produced 38 outcomes, either intended or unintended, that can be attributed to CBME implementation at Queen's University.ConclusionUsing outcome harvesting to assess the efficacy of CBME implementation produced a robust set of themes and resultant outcomes that can be categorized as requirements for success of implementation of any curricular innovation. Emergent themes included collaboration, community of practice, and stakeholder commitment. More unique observations noted through the harvest process included new policy development, creation of learner ownership, and an increase in the output of scholarly activity involving CBME.
Is there a difference in the electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles between individuals with temporomandibular disorder and healthy controls? A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Massaroto Barros Bruna , Biasotto‐Gonzalez Daniela Aparecida , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Gomes Cid André Fidelis de Paula , Politti Fabiano 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is complex, and it is not yet clear in the literature whether the clinical changes associated with these disorders are also reflected in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the muscles of mastication. To determine whether there is a difference in the electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles between individuals with TMD and healthy controls. ScienceDirect, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PEDro, SciELO, CINAHL and LILACS databases from January 2000 to February 2019. Cross‐sectional studies, crossover studies and randomised controlled trials evaluating EMG activity of right and left masseter and anterior temporal muscles in patients with TMD and healthy controls. Two independent assessors extracted data from the selected articles. The risk of bias was determined using a checklist for assessing methodological quality created based on the guidelines of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and combined in meta‐analyses. A total of 51 267 studies were retrieved, and 12 were included in this review. Only two studies enabled the comparative analysis of the results. The different EMG signal capturing, processing and analysis methods used constitute an important limitation to the comparative analyses of the results reported in the studies selected for the present review. This systematic review did not demonstrate evidence of significant differences in the EMG activity of the masticatory muscles between individuals with TMD and healthy controls.
Melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor ERK signaling is differentially dependent on Gi/o and Gq/11 proteins
Authors: Chen Min , Cecon Erika , Karamitri Angeliki , Gao Wenwen , Gerbier Romain , Ahmad Raise , Jockers Ralf 
Published: February 2020

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit extracellular signals into cells by activating G protein‐ and β‐arrestin‐dependent pathways. Extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERKs) play a central role in integrating these different linear inputs coming from a variety of GPCRs to regulate cellular functions. Here, we investigated human melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors signaling through the ERK1/2 cascade by employing different biochemical techniques together with pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA molecules. We show that ERK1/2 activation by both receptors is exclusively G protein‐dependent, without any participation of β‐arrestin1/2 in HEK293 cells. ERK1/2 activation by MT1 is only mediated though Gi/o proteins, while MT2 is dependent on the cooperative activation of Gi/o and Gq/11 proteins. In the absence of Gq/11 proteins, however, MT2‐induced ERK1/2 activation switches to a β‐arrestin1/2‐dependent mode. The signaling cascade downstream of G proteins is the same for both receptors and involves activation of the PI3K/PKCζ/c‐Raf/MEK/ERK cascade. The differential G protein dependency of MT1‐ and MT2‐mediated ERK activation was confirmed at the level of EGR1 and FOS gene expression, two ERK1/2 target genes. Gi/o/Gq/11 cooperativity was also observed in Neuroscreen‐1 cells expressing endogenous MT2, whereas in the mouse retina, where MT2 is engaged into MT1/MT2 heterodimers, ERK1/2 signaling is exclusively Gi/o‐dependent. Collectively, our data reveal differential signaling modes of MT1 and MT2 in terms of ERK1/2 activation, with an unexpected Gi/o/Gq/11 cooperativity exclusively for MT2. The plasticity of ERK activation by MT2 is highlighted by the switch to a β‐arrestin1/2‐dependent mode in the absence of Gq/11 proteins and by the switch to a Gi/o mode when engaged into MT1/MT2 heterodimers, revealing a new mechanism underlying tissue‐specific responses to melatonin.
Rediscovery of the lost little dogwood Cornus wardiana (Cornaceae)—Its phylogenetic and morphological distinction and implication in the origin of the Arctic‐Sino‐Himalayan disjunction
Authors: Wahlsteen Eric , Zhou Wenbin , Xiang Qiuyun (Jenny) , Rushforth Keith 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe dwarf dogwoods (subgenus Arctocrania) have been widely known to consist of three circumboreal species Cornus suecica, Cornus canadensis, and Cornus unalaschkensis. A fourth putative species was discovered from the northern Myanmar in 1937, but it had never been formally reported on. Here, we formally report the species on the basis of phylogenetic and morphological evidence and name it Cornus wardiana Rushforth & Wahlsteen (sp. nov.). We conducted phylogenetic and morphometric analyses to determine its evolutionary relationship and differentiation from the existing relatives. We dated the phylogeny using molecular data and conducted a biogeographic analysis to gain insights into the evolution and biogeography of the Arctic‐Sino‐Himalayan disjunction. The phylogenetic analysis used sequences of the nrITS and plastid matK and rbcL genes and included all four dwarf dogwoods and 20 other species representing the three other major lineages of Cornus and the outgroup. The morphometric analyses included 60 populations and 102 specimens of dwarf dogwood, representing the entire range of the subgenus. The results showed that C. wardiana diverged first within subgenus Arctocrania in the Miocene, from a wide‐spread ancestor. Results from principal component analysis and discriminant analysis also showed that the Myanmar samples are well separated from the others. Taken together, these results suggest that the dwarf dogwood lineage split from the big‐bracted dogwoods in Asia or Asia‐western North America during the late Paleocene and spread widely to form a Eurasia‐North America distribution; the Arctic‐Sino‐Himalayan disjunction was the result of southward migration in the Miocene followed by extinction in the intervening highland areas.
Convergent recruitment of 5′‐hydroxylase activities by CYP75B flavonoid B‐ring hydroxylases for tricin biosynthesis in Medicago legumes
Authors: Lui Andy C. W. , Lam Pui Ying , Chan Kwun Ho , Wang Lanxiang , Tobimatsu Yuki , Lo Clive 
Published: February 2020

Summary

Tricin (3′,5′‐dimethoxylated flavone) is a predominant flavonoid amongst monocots but occurs only in isolated and unrelated dicot lineages. Although tricin biosynthesis has been intensively studied in monocots, it has remained largely elusive in tricin‐accumulating dicots.

We investigated a subgroup of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 75B subfamily flavonoid B‐ring hydroxylases (FBHs) from two tricin‐accumulating legumes, Medicago truncatula and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), by phylogenetic, molecular, biochemical and mutant analyses.

Five Medicago cytochrome P450 CYP75B FBHs are phylogenetically distant from other legume CYP75B members. Among them, MtFBH‐4, MsFBH‐4 and MsFBH‐10 were expressed in tricin‐accumulating vegetative tissues. In vitro and in planta analyses demonstrated that these proteins catalyze 3′‐ and 5′‐hydroxylations critical to tricin biosynthesis. A key amino acid polymorphism, T492G, at their substrate recognition site 6 domain is required for the novel 5′‐hydroxylation activities. Medicago truncatula mtfbh‐4 mutants were tricin‐deficient, indicating that MtFBH‐4 is indispensable for tricin biosynthesis.

Our results revealed that these Medicago legumes had acquired the tricin pathway through molecular evolution of CYP75B FBHs subsequent to speciation from other nontricin‐accumulating legumes. Moreover, their evolution is independent of that of grass‐specific CYP75B apigenin 3′‐hydroxylases/chrysoeriol 5′‐hydroxylases dedicated to tricin production and Asteraceae CYP75B flavonoid 3′,5′‐hydroxylases catalyzing the production of delphinidin‐based pigments.
Dynamic exploits: calculative asymmetries in the on‐demand economy
Authors: Shapiro Aaron 
Published: February 2020

On‐demand service firms secure market power by cultivating and operationalising calculative asymmetries between the platform and labour. In this article, I analyse dynamic (or ‘surge’) pricing as an exemplary calculative technique. I show how the asymmetrical application of price‐setting allows firms to leverage control at the aggregate level while maintaining the façade of autonomy at the individual level, thereby legitimising workers’ classification as independent contractors but solving the coordination problems that the classification introduces. The article complements and extends previous critical research into the platform or ‘on‐demand’ service economy by analysing how management scientists model and simulate on‐demand marketplaces. I consider management science to be a calculative technique for optimising operational efficiency. A critical review of management science provides novel insights into platforms’ efforts to monopolise calculative agency at the expense of other market participants. The article concludes by considering implications for broader critiques of platform labour management.
The role of stress mindset in support provision
Authors: Nguyen Thao T. T. , Neff Lisa A. , Williamson Hannah C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo better understand the antecedents of support provision within relationships, this study examined the potential role of a novel individual difference; spouses' stress mindset (i.e., beliefs about whether stress‐is‐enhancing or stress‐is‐debilitating). As individuals with a stress‐is‐enhancing mindset often underestimate other's stress, we hypothesized that those with a stress‐is‐enhancing mindset will generally provide less and worse support compared to individuals with a stress‐is‐debilitating mindset. The results revealed few significant associations and the associations that were significant were contrary to predictions. For example, wives with a stress‐is‐enhancing mindset provided more support, and husbands who perceived their partner as having a more stress‐is‐enhancing mindset provided better support. Further research is needed to replicate these results and determine whether stress mindset has interpersonal consequences.
Child Electronic Growth Monitoring System: An innovative and sustainable approach for establishing the Kaduna Infant Development (KID) Study in Nigeria
Authors: Kana Musa A. , Ahmed Jenifer , Ashiru Abdullahi Y. , Jibrin Salamatu , Sunday Ashel Dache , Shehu Kamaludeen , Safiyan Halimah , Kantiyok Christiana , Yusuf Hauwa'u Evelyn , Ibrahim Jimoh M. , Musa Shuaibu , Baduku Tokan S. , Tabari Abdulkadir M. , Barros Henrique , London Stephanie J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDeveloping countries bear the burden of childhood stunting but lack resources for cohort studies to develop preventive strategies. To enable future prospective studies, we designed and tested the Child Electronic Growth Monitoring System (CEGROMS) using a readily available electronic data capture platform, the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap).ObjectivesTo demonstrate the feasibility of using CEGROMS for data collection for a pilot study for the Kaduna Infant Development (KID) Birth Cohort Study in Nigeria.MethodsCEGROMS consists of the data capture form for growth monitoring, a central cloud server, electronic tablets, and desktop computer. We implemented the pilot study in 2017‐2019 at the Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for completeness of baseline data (relative to individuals with incomplete data) and completion of follow‐up at different time points (relative to individuals with no follow‐up visit) by the participant characteristics. Complete data were defined as date of birth, sex, and birthweight recorded at recruitment.ResultsAmong 3152 infant records in CEGROMS, 2789 (88.5%) had complete data. Of these, 1905 (68.3%) had at least one follow‐up visit. The main determinants of data completeness were health facility delivery (OR 19.17, 95% CI 13.65, 26.92) and tertiary education (OR 3.54, 95% CI 2.69, 4.67). Follow‐up was greater for women with tertiary education (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.06, 1.51 for at least one visit). Maternal education is associated with completeness and follow‐up (following adjustments for parity and employment).ConclusionsThe CEGROMS electronic data collection system enables complete and consistent data collection. The data will enable design of strategies to improve follow‐up in the future implementation of the birth cohort study.