bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Healthcare Spending Attributable to Obesity: Payer- and Service-Specific Estimates
Authors: Broek-Altenburg Eline van den , Atherly Adam , Holladay Evon 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: National efforts to control US healthcare spending are potentially undermined by changes in patient characteristics, and in particular increases in rates of obesity. The objective of this study was to provide current estimates of the effect of obesity on healthcare spending overall, by service line and by payer using the NIH classifications for BMI. Methods: We used a quasi-experimental design and analyzed the data using generalized linear models and two-part models to estimate obesity-attributable spending. Data was drawn from the 2006 and 2016 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey. We identified individuals in the different BMI classes based on self-reported height and weight. Results: Total medical costs attributable to obesity rose to $126 billion per year by 2016, although the marginal cost of obesity declined for all obesity classes. The overall spending increase was due to an increase in obesity prevalence and a population shift to higher obesity classes. Obesity related spending between 2006 and 2016 was relatively constant due to decreases in inpatient spending, which were only partially offset by increases in outpatient spending. Conclusions: Obesity related spending between 2006 and 2016 was relatively constant due to decreases in inpatient spending, which were only partially offset by increases in outpatient spending. Obesity class 2 and 3 were the main factor driving spending increases, suggesting that persons over BMI of 35 should be the focus for controlling spending.
Pharmacological Antagonism of Kainate Receptor Rescues Dysfunction and Loss of Dopamine Neurons in a Mouse Model of Human Parkin-induced Toxicity
Authors: Regoni Maria , Cattaneo Stefano , Mercatelli Daniela , Novello Salvatore , Passoni Alice , Bagnati Renzo , Davoli Enrico , Croci Laura , Consalez Gian Giacomo , Albanese Federica , Zanetti Letizia , Passafaro Maria , Serratto Giulia Maia , Fonzo Alessio Di , Valtorta Flavia , Ciammola Andrea , Taverna Stefano , Morari Michele , Sassone Jenny 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMutations in the PARK2 gene encoding the protein parkin cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (ARJP), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by dysfunction and death of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Since a neuroprotective therapy for ARJP does not exist, research efforts aimed at discovering potential targets for neuroprotection are critically needed.A previous study demonstrated that loss of parkin function or expression of parkin mutants associated with ARJP causesan accumulation of glutamate kainate receptors (KARs) in human brain tissues and an increase of KAR-mediated currents in neuronsin vitro. MethodsBased on the hypothesisthat such KAR hyper-activation may contribute to the death of nigralDA neurons, we investigated the effect of KAR antagonism on the DA neuron dysfunction and death that occur in the parkinQ311X mouse, a model of human parkin-induced toxicity. ResultsWe found that early accumulation of KARs occurs in the DA neurons of the parkinQ311X mouse model and that chronic administration of the KAR antagonist UBP310 prevents DA neuron loss. This neuroprotective effect was associated with rescue of the abnormal firing rate of nigral DA neurons and downregulation of GluK2, the key KAR subunit. ConclusionsThis study provides novel evidence ofa causal role of glutamate KARs in the DA neuron dysfunction and loss occurring in a mouse model of human parkin-induced toxicity. Our results support KAR as a potential target in the development of a neuroprotective therapy for ARJP.
Light-gated nano-porous polymersomes from stereoisomer-directed self-assemblies
Authors: Chen Hui , Fan Yujiao , Yu Xia , Semetey Vincent , Trépout Sylvain , Li Min-Hui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Capsules with holes in the walls exist in natural systems like virus capsids, and in biomimetic systems like immune-stimulating complexes vaccines and liposomes of phospholipids/surfactants mixtures. Structuring pores into stable membrane and controlling their opening are extremely useful for applications that require nano-pores as channels for material exchange and transportation. Polymersomes, which are stable and robust vesicles made of amphiphilic block copolymer, are good candidates for drug carriers or micro/nanoreactors. Engineering structure-inherent and light-gated nano-porous polymersomes is especially appealing, but still unexplored. Here we present these polymersomes made from a polymer including a tetraphenylethene (TPE) in its center. TPE is an emblematic fluorogen with aggregation-induced emission, which possesses two stereoisomers sensitive to photoisomerization. Trans-isomer of the polymer forms classical vesicles, cis-isomer forms cylindrical micelles, while trans/cis mixtures construct perforated vesicles with nano-pores. Under UV light, the classical polymersomes of trans-isomer can be perforated by its cis-counterpart generated from the photoisomerization.
Characterization and Analysis of The Nasal Microbiota and Plasmatic Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Rhinitis: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Mariani Jacopo , Iodice Simona , Cantone Laura , Marraccini Paolo , Conforti Emanuele , Ignar Raymond , Bulsara Pallav A. , Lombardi Maria S. , Howlin Robert P. , Bollati Valentina , Ferrari Luca 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence suggests a possible link between the bacterial nasal microbiota (bNM) to allergic diseases such as allergic Rhinitis (AR), as it might modulate the allergic response by acting on the onset and progression of allergic inflammation. In this case-control study, we aimed to compare the bNM between 25 AR patients and 25 matched healthy subjects (HS) as well as to evaluate possible modifications within the host-microbiota cross-talk, investigating the release pattern of both bacterial- and host-Extracellular Vesicles (EVs).Results: bNM analysis showed that Actinobacteria (AR: 2.5%-83.5%; HS: 18.6%-92.7%), Firmicutes (AR: 6.1%-63.5%; HS: 6.4%-72.2%) and Proteobacteria (AR: 0.6%-89.6%; HS 0.7%-38%) were the most abundant phyla in the study population. Diversity reduction in AR patient bNM was pointed out compared to the HS group bNM (Observed OTUs: p =0.018; PD whole tree: p =0.014). Moreover, the distribution of the weighted normalized intra-group UniFrac distances analysis showed a less uniform bacterial community within AR patients rather than HS group (nonparametric test p =0.01). Since EVs may have a central role in the cross-talk between bNM and the host, we evaluated their size and concentration in the plasma of the study subjects. AR patients were characterized by a higher concentration of EVs ranging between 130-231 nm, 257-287 nm and 323-348 nm (p <0.05). We further characterized plasmatic EVs investigating both bacterial-EVs and host-EVs subpopulations and observed that all EV subtypes mean concentrations were higher in AR patients compared to those of HS group, except for EpCAM+ EVs.Conclusion: Our results suggest that AR patients are characterized by a less diverse and wide intra-group variable bNM compared to that of HS, as well as an altered host-microbiota EV communication network. Further studies are needed to disentangle the relationship between the host and the nasal bacterial community during pathological conditions and health.
Changes in The Diversity of Human Skin Microbiota to Cosmetic Serum Containing Prebiotics: Results From A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hong Ki Bae , Hong Yang Hee , Jung Eun Young , Jo Kyungae , Suh Hyung Joo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Prebiotic treatment may rebalance the skin microbiota by regulating the growth of harmful and beneficial microorganisms. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (N = 60), we evaluated the effects of a cosmetic serum containing galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on the balance of the skin microbiota by measuring various skin parameters. Results: The skin water-holding capacity between the control (ND) and experimental (NF) groups was significantly different after 8 weeks of serum treatment (p < 0.05). Similarly, changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and the erythema index in the ND and NF groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the wrinkle depth and Staphylococcus aureus population decreased in the NF group compared with those in the ND group (p < 0.05). The mean form factor, Shannon index, and Pediococcus population were significantly increased in the post-NF group compared with those in the post-ND group (p < 0.05). Finally, in the ND group, water-holding capacity was positively correlated with Enhydrobacter, whereas Enterobacteriaceae was negatively correlated with TEWL in the NF group. Conclusions: These results suggest that GOS inhibit the growth of harmful skin microbes and increase the population of beneficial microbes.
Public Health Implications of Vaping in the US: The Smoking and Vaping Simulation Model
Authors: Levy David T , Tam Jamie , Sanchez-Romero Luz Maria María , Li Yameng , Yuan Zhe , Jeon Jihyoun , Meza Rafael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Nicotine vaping products (NVPs) are increasingly popular worldwide. They may provide public health benefits if used as a substitute for smoking, but may create public health harms if used as a gateway to smoking or to discourage smoking cessation. This paper presents the Smoking and Vaping Model (SAVM), which estimates the public health implications of NVPs in the US.
Methods
SAVM adopts a cohort-approach and is available on an Excel platform. We derive public health implications by comparing smoking- and NVP-attributable deaths under a No-NVP and an NVP Scenario. The No-NVP Scenario projects current, former and never smoking rates via smoking initiation and cessation rates, and incorporates excess risks of smoking. The NVP Scenario allows for NVP relative excess risks, switching from cigarette to NVP use, separate NVP and smoking initiation rates, and separate NVP and smoking cessation rates. The model is validated against recent US survey data on smoking and vaping prevalence.
Results
The SAVM projects that under current patterns of US NVP use and substitution, NVP use will translate into 5.8 million premature smoking- and vaping-attributable deaths avoided and 96.4 million life years gained between 2013 and 2100. Sensitivity analysis shows that parameters for NVP relative risks, NVP-related switching and smoking cessation are particularly influential in gauging public health impacts.
Discussion
The SAVM shows potential benefits of e-cigarette use over a wide range of parameters. However, there is a high degree of uncertainty regarding key parameters. Policymakers, researchers and other public health stakeholders can apply the SAVM to estimate the potential public health impact of NVPs in their country or region using their own data sources.
Technology Intervention to Support Caregiving for Alzheimer's Disease (I-CARE): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Braly Tyler , Muriathiri Doris , Holden Richard J. , Boustani Malaz A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Informal caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) manage a complex spectrum of patient behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). A mobile telehealth intervention could help reduce caregiver burden and BPSD. Methods: This is a pilot randomized controlled trial of 60 dyads of patients living with ADRD and their caregivers, to test the feasibility and estimate the effect of the BrainCare Notes (BCN) mobile telehealth system. Participants will be recruited from two health systems and randomly assigned to either the BCN intervention arm or usual care comparator. Data will be collected at baseline and 3- and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcomes of this trial are: (a) recruitment rate; (b) data completion; (c) BCN usability; (d) BCN acceptance; and (e) BCN use, assessed either on an ongoing basis or at 3- and 6-months post-intervention. Secondary outcomes are caregiver burden and patient BPSD at 3 and 6 months, assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory.Discussion: The study will assess the intervention feasibility and effect size of the BCN telehealth system as a potential scalable and lower-cost solution for addressing the ADRD public health crisis.Trial Registration: Clinical Trials. NCT03119259. Registered 4/18/2017. Clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03119259Protocol Version 1: Study # 1606267154
COVID-19-Related Abnormal Liver Enzymes Levels: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Qian Jian-dan , Wang Yan , Yao Tian-tian , Li Hai-chao , Wang gui-qiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: A new disease called Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) related to SARS-CoV-2 has brought serious attacks to the world. It causes damage to multiple organ systems of the body include liver. Here we intend to shed light on the clinical features its mechanism related to liver damage which caused by COVID-19.Methods: Clinical records and laboratory results were obtained from 138 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to Tongji hospital, Wuhan, China from February 8, 2020 to February 18, 2020. Information on clinical features of patients with abnormal liver tests were collected for analysis.Results: Fifty-four (39.1%) and eighty-three (60.1%) patients had abnormal liver enzyme levels on admission and during the course of disease. Hepatocyte type was more common than cholestatic type abnormal. 24(17.4%) patients reached the liver injury standard in the course of disease. Patients with abnormal liver enzyme levels were more likely to be male, had higher levels of inflammation indicators, lower pulse oxygen saturation and lymphocyte count. There is a significantly higher proportion of abnormal liver enzymes levels in the patients which administrated antibiotics during hospitalization, compared with that in the ones without antibiotics therapy (56.6% vs 32.7%). Patients with liver injury was an independent predictor of a poor prognosis (p<0.0001, OR 7.774, 95%CI 2.674-22.599).Conclusions: Liver injury in COVID-19 patients was an independent predictor of a poor prognosis. The COVID-19-related abnormal liver enzymes levels may be considered as the result of secondary liver damage caused mainly by several factors. Hypoxia and disease severity account for the largest proportion.
Two Novel Pde11a Genetic Variants Increase Tau Phosphorylations in Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Qin Wei , Zhou Aihong , Zuo Xiumei , Jia Longfei , Wei Cuibai , Tang Yi , Wang Fen , Li Fangyu , Wang Qi , Li Ying , Wei Yiping , Zhao Lina , Jin Hongmei , Cruchaga Carlos , Benitez Bruno A. , Jia jianping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia in the elderly and has become a major health issue. However, a large number of genetic risk factors remain undiscovered. Methods: To identify novel risk genes and better understand the molecular pathway underlying AD, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 215 early-onset AD (EOAD) patients and 55 unrelated healthy controls of Han Chinese ethnicity. Subsequent direct sequencing was performed in 620 individuals to validate the selected rare mutations. Computational annotation and in vitro functional studies were performed to evaluate the role of candidate mutations in EOAD and the underlying mechanisms.Results: We identified two rare missense mutations in the phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A) gene, resulting in p.Arg202His, and p.Leu756Gln, in 4 individuals with EOAD. Both mutations are located in evolutionarily highly conserved amino acids, are predicted to alter the protein conformation, and classified as pathogenic. Furthermore, we found significantly decreased protein levels of PDE11A in brain samples of AD patients. Expression of PDE11A variants and knockdown experiments with specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for PDE11A both resulted in an increase of AD-associated Tau hyperphosphorylation at T181, S404, S202, S416, S214, S396 and AT8 epitopes in vitro. PDE11A variants or PDE11A shRNA also caused increased cAMP levels, protein kinase A (PKA) activation, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Additionally, pretreatment with a PKA inhibitor (H89) suppressed PDE11A mutation-induced p-Tau formation.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that both PDE11A mutations and PDE11A knockdown increase Tau phosphorylation through the cAMP/PKA pathway, suggesting that PDE11A is a novel risk gene for AD. This study provides insight into the involvement of Tau phosphorylation via the cAMP/PKA pathway in EOAD pathogenesis and provides a potential new target for intervention.
FDG PET/CT for Evaluating Early Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Pediatric Patients with Sarcoma: A Prospective Single-Center Trial
Authors: Polverari Giulia , Ceci Francesco , Passera Roberto , Crane Jacquelyn , Du Lin , Li Gang , Fanti Stefano , Bernthal Nicholas , Eilber Fritz C , Allen-Auerbach Martin , Czernin Johannes , Calais Jeremie , Federman Noah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction: This is a prospective, single-center trial (UCLA-IRB#10-000246) in pediatric patients with high-grade bone or soft tissue sarcoma. The aim was to evaluate FDG-PET/CT as a tool for early response assessment to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (neo-CTX).Methods: Bone or soft tissue sarcoma patients with i) baseline FDG PET/CT within four weeks prior to the start of neo-CTX (PET1), ii) early interim FDG PET/CT (six weeks after the start of neo-CTX (PET2), iii) evaluation of neo-CTX response by histology or MRI, and iv) definitive therapy after neo-CTX (surgery or radiation) were included. Semi-quantitative PET parameters (SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, MTV and TLG) and their changes from PET1 to PET2 (ΔPET) were calculated. Patients with necrosis ≥90% in the excised tumor tissue after surgery or with complete disappearance of the soft tissue component on MRI after neo-CTX were considered responders. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the predictive value of FDG PET/CT parameters at baseline and early during neo-CTX for overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP). The secondary outcome was to evaluate if FDG PET/CT can predict the response to neo-CTX assessed by percentage of necrosis in the resected tumor or post-treatment MRI. Primary and secondary outcomes were also evaluated in a sub-population of patients with bone involvement only.Results: Thirty-four consecutive patients were enrolled (10 females; 24 males; median age=15.1 years). 17/34 patients (50%) had Osteosarcoma, 13/34 (38%) Ewing Sarcoma, 2/34 (6%) synovial sarcoma and 2/34 (6%) embryonal liver sarcoma. Median follow-up was 39 months (range 16-84). Eight of 34 patients (24%) died, 9/34 (27%) were alive with disease and 17/34 (50%) had no evidence of residual/recurrent disease. Fifteen of 34 (44.1%) and 19/34 (55.9%) were responders and non-responders, respectively. PET2-parameters were associated with longer TTP (p <0.02). ΔMTV was associated with tissue response to neo-CTX (p=0.047). None of the PET1, PET2 or ΔPET parameters were associated with OS. Conclusion: FDG PET/CT performed six weeks after the start of neo-CTX can serve as an early interim biomarker for TTP and pathologic response but not for OS in pediatric bone and soft tissue sarcoma patients.
Physiotherapetic Approach in Elderly With COPD: A Systematic Review
Authors: OLIVEIRA AMANDA Ferreira DE , CORREIA Andressa NUNES , MARTINS JACKELINE ARAUJO , Apolaro Kessia Maelym Oliveira , Lima Leide Francisca Ferreira , Dias Alex Carrer Borges , SOUSA Watila Moura , Porto Celmo Celeno 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The number of elderly individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing, resulting in high costs, especially in the Brazilian public health system. Scientific studies show that the physical therapy approach has benefits and assists in pulmonary rehabilitation, however, it is necessary to know the interventions that optimize the clinical and functional improvement of the individual. Objective: To analyze physical therapy interventions and their main outcomes in elderly with COPD. Methods: Five researchers independently searched the PUBMED, LILACS, SCIELO and SCOPUS databases. Publications in English, Portuguese and Spanish were delimited. The quality of the studies was assessed by the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. Study conducted according to PRISMA standards. Results: The sample consisted of 9 trials. Of these, 6 obtained a positive outcome from the proposed analysis and 3 of the studies did not obtain significant results. There was no homogeneity in study interventions. Conclusion: The interventions or techniques used in elderly patients with COPD who had significant positive outcomes were: Use of vibration devices to enhance strength exercises, the use of Kinesio Taping associated with other therapeutic interventions, resistance training programs, strength and balance and upper limb exercises with coordinated breathing.Systematic Review Record: CRD42020141337