bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local trusts and forced heirship (Commentary to the “CRO” case)  C. R. O. c/C. O. N. y otros s/nulidad de acto jurídico (22 October 2019) Court: Civil and Commercial Law, Chamber of Appeals of Necochea (Buenos Aires Province—Argentina)
Authors: Malumian Nicolas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This recent case is a leading case relating to local trusts and forced heirship. Forced heirship is a restriction to the liberty to write a will and determine the destiny of his/her future estate by the testator. It can be found in all South America (not in Latin America from Panama to México) and in most Civil Law countries in Europe, besides similar restrictions under sharia law. The way to avoid these restrictions has been the creation of a foreign trust over foreign assets. Although authors have long analyzed whether a local trust allows the avoidance of local forced heirship rules over local assets, there has been no case law in this respect (at least since the inclusion of the trust in Argentine law in 1995). In short, this is the first time a local trust over local assets has been under the scrutiny of the courts to determine if there is a violation of forced heirship.
Sham trust in Argentina (Commentary to the “Itik SRL” case) “Sindicatura in Itik SRL c/Romero, Carlos y Otros. Acción de inoponibilidad por fraude” (5 May 2020) Court: Civil and Commercial Chamber of Appeals 9th Circuit (Cordoba Province—Argentina)
Authors: Malumian Nicolas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the Common Law world, there are many antecedents regarding sham trusts and a huge body of analysis. Therefore, it might be surprising to learn that the situation is completely different in the Civil Law world. The relevance of this case is that it is one of the very few in which a trust is subject to legal scrutiny and declared a sham.
An Examination of Simulation Prebriefing in Nursing Education: An Integrative Review
Authors: Dileone Christine , Chyun Deborah , Diaz Desiree A. , Maruca Annette T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

AIM
The aim of the integrative review was to examine the prebriefing phase of simulation as the foundation for the learning experience of nursing students and to determine effective prebriefing activities to enhance learning.

BACKGROUND
There are currently no frameworks or specific time allotments for prebriefing comparable to those implemented for debriefing.

METHOD
Eight electronic databases were searched for the period 2012 to 2019. Six studies were selected based on relevance and inclusion. Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review framework was used for data analysis.

RESULTS
The studies reviewed answer how to effectively prepare students for simulation to enhance their learning and have a positive effect on clinical judgment and self-confidence; yet, prebriefing is not considered the foundation of the simulation experience.

CONCLUSION
A well-designed prebriefing process is essential to high-quality simulation experiences. Standardization of this process has yet to be established.
Shoulder Dysfunction in Breast Cancer Survivors: Can Treatment Type or Musculoskeletal Factors Identify Those at Higher Risk?
Authors: Lang Angelica E. , Murphy Maybelle , Dickerson Clark R. , Stavness Ian , Kim Soo Y. 
Published: July 2020

Background and Objective:
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Canadian women. Breast cancer survivors are known to experience shoulder dysfunction, but the influence of musculoskeletal and treatment factors has yet to be investigated in a Saskatchewan population, which was the purpose of this study.

Methods:
Two study designs were used to assess risk factors for dysfunction: (1) a cross-sectional Web-based questionnaire and (2) prospective cohort analysis of preoperative musculoskeletal assessment combined with postoperative Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) score. Data from the survey were summarized and analyzed using χ2 tests (P < .05), while nonparametric measures were used to calculate temporal differences and associations between musculoskeletal risk factors and disability.

Results:
Commonly reported shoulder problems after treatment were stiffness (63.5%), restricted range of motion (61.9%), and changes in arm/hand sensation (61.9%). Axillary lymph node dissection and radiation therapy were associated with more shoulder problems than other treatment types. SPADI scores increased by an average of 8.1% from baseline to 3 months postsurgery. A clinically significant 18% increase between these time points was moderately associated with a history of shoulder problems and restricted humeral extension preoperatively (average = 37.7° vs 48.9°).

Conclusions:
Breast cancer survivors from Saskatchewan have a high prevalence of shoulder problems following treatment. Clinically significant impairments in shoulder function are associated with select treatment types and preoperative impairments. These results can be used to identify high-risk patients before cancer treatment and direct their rehabilitation.
Exploring the Physical Therapy Experience Among People Living With Lymphedema: A Biopsychosocial Perspective
Authors: Donlan Pamela , Cohn Yael , Doukas Nicole 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Lymphedema is a chronic condition that adversely affects quality of life and can negatively impact psychosocial well-being. The influence of physical therapy (PT) experience upon people living with lymphedema warrants exploration. Physical therapists play a significant role in the management of this disease, PT interventions have been shown to affect quality of life in this population, and the PT experience has had meaningful consequences across a spectrum of people living with chronic disease or disability.

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial effect of the PT experience on people living with lymphedema.

Methods:
A qualitative approach, using conventional descriptive content analysis, was used. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit 8 participants from the Northeast United States. Data were collected through semistructured individualized interviews, and iterative analysis was used to create themes and subthemes that were inclusive of all data.

Results:
Through inductive category development, 3 major themes emerged. Major themes were as follows: (1) coping strengthened by understanding; (2) quality of life enhanced by education; and (3) lack of person-centered approach as a barrier to progress.

Limitations:
While trustworthiness measures were in place, it is difficult to completely eliminate bias when using qualitative methodology.

Conclusions:
Among people living with lymphedema, PT plays a significant role in addressing the psychosocial factors that impact participation in life events. Physical therapists should focus upon professional development that can enhance person-centered communication and interpersonal skills so that more successful outcomes can be achieved.
Perioperative Risk Factors Associated With Acute Kidney Injury in Patients After Brain Tumor Resection
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Zhao Yan , Yan Xiang , Li Ruowen , Zhang Xingyue , Zeng Min , Dong Jia , Li Shu , Peng Yuming , Han Ruquan 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication after surgery. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for postoperative AKI in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery.

Methods:
This single-center, retrospective, matched case-control study included patients undergoing elective brain tumor surgery between January 2016 and December 2018 at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China. Patients developing postoperative AKI were compared with controls without AKI matched by age, sex, and date of surgery in a ratio of 1:3. AKI was defined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria.

Results:
A total of 9933 patients were identified for review, of which 115 (1.16%) developed AKI; 345 matched patients were included in the control group. AKI occurred most commonly within the first 24 hours (41/97, 42.3%) and 48 hours (33/94, 35.1%) after surgery. Preoperative administration of mannitol (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.60; P= 0.034), American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status III or higher (OR, 5.50; 95% CI, 2.23-13.59; P<0.001), preoperative blood glucose (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.23-5.22; P=0.012), craniopharyngioma (OR, 8.96; 95% CI, 3.55-22.63; P<0.001), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration (OR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.66-8.42; P<0.001), and intraoperative hypotension (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.21-3.75; P=0.009) were independent risk factors for postoperative AKI.

Conclusion:
Multiple factors, including preoperative administration of mannitol, are independently associated with the development of postoperative AKI in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery.
Update on the treatment of nonsystemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis including treatment-to-target: is (drug-free) inactive disease already possible?
Authors: Klein-Wieringa Inge R. , Brinkman Danielle M.C. , ten Cate Rebecca , Hissink Muller Petra C.E. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of reviewThis review concerns the outcome for nonsystemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with emphasis on treatment-to-target (T2T) and treatment strategies aiming at inactive disease by giving an overview of recent articles.Recent findingsMore efficacious therapies and treatment strategies/T2T with inactive disease as target, have improved the outcome for JIA significantly. Recent studies regarding treatment strategies have shown 47–68% inactive disease after 1 year. Moreover, probability of attaining inactive disease at least once in the first year seems even higher in recent cohort-studies, reaching 80%, although these studies included relatively high numbers of oligoarticular JIA patients. However, 26–76% of patients flare upon therapy withdrawal and prediction of flares is still difficult.SummaryRemission can be achieved and sustained in (some) JIA patients, regardless of initial treatment. Cornerstone principles in the management of nonsystemic JIA treatment are early start of DMARD therapy, striving for inactive disease and T2T by close and repeated monitoring of disease activity. T2T and tight control appear to be more important than a specific drug in JIA. Next to inactive disease, it is important that patients/parents are involved in personal targets, like reduction of pain and fatigue. Future studies should focus on predictors (based on imaging-methods or biomarkers) for sustained drug-free remission and flare.
Association Between Femoral “Spike” Size After Intramedullary Nailing and Subsequent Knee Motion Surgery
Authors: Schloss Michael G. , O'Hara Nathan N. , Zaidi Syed M. R. , Hannan Zachary D. , Marinos Dimitrius , Atchison Jared , Mulliken Alexandra , Nascone Jason W. , O'Toole Robert V. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To determine the association between displaced femoral shaft bone fragments (“spikes”) seen on radiographs after intramedullary nail insertion and the need for future motion surgery.

Design:
Retrospective case–control study.

Setting:
Academic trauma center.

Patients:
We included patients with femoral shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nail insertion. Case patients (n = 22) had developed knee stiffness treated with motion surgery. The control group was a randomly selected sample (1:3 ratio).

Main Outcome Measures:
Motion surgery to address knee stiffness. We defined a “spike distance ratio” and “spike area ratio” from initial postoperative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Multivariable logistic regression determined the effect of spike distance and area ratios on the likelihood of need for motion surgery, controlling for polytraumatic injuries and bilateral fractures.

Results:
The case group had a median femoral spike distance ratio of 1.9 [interquartile range (IQR), 1.6–2.5] compared with 1.5 (IQR, 1.2–1.8) in the control group. An increased femoral spike distance ratio was associated with increased odds of motion surgery (P < 0.01). A femoral spike distance >2 times the femoral radius had 32 times the odds (95% confidence interval, 2–752) of motion surgery compared with patients with distance ratios <1.25. Median femoral spike area ratios were similar between the case (0.2; IQR, 0.1–0.5) and control (0.2; IQR, 0.0–0.5) groups and were not associated with increased odds of motion surgery (P = 0.34).

Conclusions:
A larger spike distance ratio is associated with increased odds of subsequent motion surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Impact of Posterior Spinal Fusion (PSF) on Coronal Balance in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS): A New Classification and Trends in the Postoperative Period
Authors: Anari Jason B. , Tatad Aaron , Cahill Patrick J. , Flynn John M. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
One of the primary goals of scoliosis surgery is to balance the head over the pelvis (or avoid creating imbalance). Historically, a normal coronal balance was defined as the C7 plumb line (C7PL) within 2 cm of the central sacral vertical line (CSVL); however, there is limited published information regarding the speed/magnitude and success/failure of balancing, rebalancing, or unbalancing in the postoperative period. The purpose of this study is to classify and quantify coronal plane balance postoperatively in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis when using pedicle screw instrumentation.

Methods:
Evaluated patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who had a posterior spinal fusion withstanding 2-view, posteroanterior and lateral radiographs of the entire spine performed at first erect visit, 6, 12, and 24 months. To measure coronal balance, a C7PL was measured and compared with the CSVL. A negative value denotes the leftward deviation of the C7PL and a positive value a rightward deviation. The authors then created a novel coronal balance classification system.

Results:
A total of 954 patients met the inclusion criteria. There was a strong trend toward improving coronal balance, especially between first erect and 6 months; the proportion of out of balance patients declined throughout the 2-year period: preoperative 372 of 954 (39%), first erect 297 of 954 (31.1%), 6 months 167 of 954 (17.5%), 1 year 136 of 954 (14.3%), and 2 years 115 of 954 (12.0%). Analyzing the patients most out of balance immediately after posterior spinal fusion, 35 of 50 (70%) in group 3 regained balance by 2 years. Out of the remaining 15 patients, 12 corrected to group 1 (24%), 2 patients to group 2 (4%), and 1 patient remained in group 3 (2%).

Conclusions:
This large, longitudinal postoperative study of coronal balance documents a strong trend toward postoperative rebalancing, with the largest gains between first erect image and 6 months. The 31% of patients out of balance at first erect declined to only 12.1% at 2 years.
Rethinking the Approach to Continuing Professional Development Conferences in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Egan Daniel J. , Krzyzaniak Sara M. , Wagner Jason , Weizberg Moshe , Chan Teresa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic has required a substantial change to the approach used for traditional, in-person continuing professional development (CPD) conferences. Running a virtual CPD conference will necessitate consideration of digital platforms and conversion of large group and small group sessions, abstract presentations, and networking events to a digital medium. This paper will discuss these challenges and present strategies to address them for CPD conference planning in the era of COVID-19.
Extended Thromboprophylaxis With Betrixaban or Rivaroxaban for Acutely Ill Hospitalized Medical Patients: Meta-Analysis of Prespecified Subgroups
Authors: Jamil Adeel , Jamil Umer , Singh Kamaldeep , Khan Faris , Chi Gerald 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Betrixaban and rivaroxaban are the direct anticoagulants approved in the United States for extended venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis among acutely ill medical patients. The efficacy and safety in specific subgroups remain unclear.

Methods:
A meta-analysis of 3 randomized trials involving extended thromboprophylaxis with betrixaban or rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin for medically ill patients was performed to compare VTE (composite of asymptomatic proximal and symptomatic deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or VTE-related death) and major bleeding in subgroups by baseline D-dimer, age, sex, and major medical illness on hospitalization. Risk difference (RD) was computed with the Mantel-Haenszel method by fitting a fixed-effect model. Heterogeneity of treatment effect across subgroups was examined using the nominal thresholds of P < 0.05 and I2 > 75%.

Results:
Compared with enoxaparin, extended betrixaban or rivaroxaban reduced VTE (RD = –1.51% [95% CI, –2.32% to –0.69%]; P = 0.0003) without excess major bleeding (RD = 0.12% [–0.05% to 0.29%]; P = 0.16). A significant effect modification was observed in the subgroups by D-dimer (P = 0.004) and age (P = 0.04). Patients with D-dimer >2× upper limit of normal (ULN) experienced a greater VTE reduction (RD = –2.39% [–3.57% to –1.21%]; P < 0.0001) than those with ≤2×ULN (RD = –0.26% [–1.08% to 0.56%]; P = 0.53). Similarly, patients aged ≥75 years had a greater VTE reduction (RD = –2.29% [–3.49% to –1.09%]; P = 0.0002) than those aged <75 years (RD = –0.63% [–1.70% to 0.44%]; P = 0.25). Treatment effect was consistent across the remaining subgroups.

Conclusions:
A more favorable efficacy and comparable safety outcome associated with extended betrixaban or rivaroxaban were observed among medical inpatients with D-dimer >2×ULN or aged ≥75 years. D-dimer and advanced age may assist in decision-making on pharmacological thromboprophylaxis for hospitalized medical patients.
Big data requirements for artificial intelligence
Authors: Wang Sophia Y. , Pershing Suzann , Lee Aaron Y. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
To summarize how big data and artificial intelligence technologies have evolved, their current state, and next steps to enable future generations of artificial intelligence for ophthalmology.

Recent findings
Big data in health care is ever increasing in volume and variety, enabled by the widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) and standards for health data information exchange, such as Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine and Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources. Simultaneously, the development of powerful cloud-based storage and computing architectures supports a fertile environment for big data and artificial intelligence in health care. The high volume and velocity of imaging and structured data in ophthalmology and is one of the reasons why ophthalmology is at the forefront of artificial intelligence research. Still needed are consensus labeling conventions for performing supervised learning on big data, promotion of data sharing and reuse, standards for sharing artificial intelligence model architectures, and access to artificial intelligence models through open application program interfaces (APIs).

Summary
Future requirements for big data and artificial intelligence include fostering reproducible science, continuing open innovation, and supporting the clinical use of artificial intelligence by promoting standards for data labels, data sharing, artificial intelligence model architecture sharing, and accessible code and APIs.
Comparison of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness, Functional Subzones, and Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer in Differentiating Patients With Mild, Moderate, and Severe Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Huo Yan Jiao , Thomas Ravi , Li Lei , Cao Kai , Wang Huai Zhou , Wang Ning Li 
Published: July 2020

Précis:
Based on 6 functional subzones of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, the glaucoma detection ability of zone 2 and zone 4 was high and comparable with that of mean pRNFL in glaucoma groups.

Purpose:
To compare diagnostic performance of pRNFL subzones, mean pRNFL thickness, and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) in mild, moderate, and severe open-angle glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred eighty-one patients with open-angle glaucoma (318 eyes: 122 mild, 60 moderate, and 136 severe glaucoma) and 70 normal subjects underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography measurements. FORUM software was used to determine subzone pRNFL thickness mapping the visual field to the optic disc (6 zones). The thickness and area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of each parameter were compared between groups. DeLong’s method was used to compare AUROCs between mean pRNFL and mGCIPL and each zone of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography parameters.

Results:
Mean pRNFL thickness (99.81±10.06 μm) and mGCIPL thickness (83.24±5.91 μm) were higher in controls compared with glaucoma (67.42±13.22 and 63.31±10.85 μm; P<0.001). Mean pRNFL had the best diagnostic performance in mild (0.957) and severe (1.000) glaucoma. Of the 6 zonal parameters, zone 2 (associated with the inferior temporal sector) best discriminated glaucomatous changes between controls and mild and moderate (0.941 and 0.988). Zone 4 (associated with the superior temporal sector) best discriminated glaucomatous changes between controls and severe glaucoma (0.998). AUROCs for zone 2 and zone 4 were not significantly different from mean pRNFL and mGCIPL in all glaucoma groups (all P>0.0038).

Conclusions:
Mean pRNFL had the best diagnostic performance in mild and severe glaucoma. Glaucoma detection ability of zone 2 and zone 4 was high and comparable with that of mean pRNFL and mGCIPL in all glaucoma groups.
Offset analgesia identifies impaired endogenous pain modulation in pediatric chronic pain disorders
Authors: Shulman Julie , Zurakowski David , Keysor Julie , Jervis Kelsey , Sethna Navil F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
Offset analgesia (OA), a psychophysical test of endogenous pain inhibition, is diminished in many adult chronic pain disorders but OA has not been investigated in youth with chronic pain disorders. This study assessed OA responses in 30 youth with chronic primary and secondary pain disorders and 32 healthy controls. The OA, control, and constant thermal tests were evoked with an individualized noxious heat stimulus of approximately 50/100 mm on a visual analogue scale followed by 1°C offset temperature. This study also examined the association of OA responses with 2 self-report measures of pain sensitivity, the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire. Patients exhibited diminished capacity to activate OA with a reduction in ΔeVASc of 53 ± 29% vs controls 74 ± 24% (P = 0.003) even after multivariate regression adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. Patients also showed decreased ability to habituate to a constant noxious heat stimulus compared to controls (P = 0.021). Central Sensitization Inventory scores showed excellent predictive accuracy in differentiating patients from controls (area under the curve = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91-0.99) and CSI score ≥30 was identified as an optimal cutoff value. Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire scores did not differentiate patients from controls nor correlate with OA. In this study, 60% of youth with chronic pain showed reduced capacity for endogenous pain inhibition.