bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kazakhstani immigration policy impact for ethno-demographic structural changes
Authors: Amangul Shugatai 
Published: February 2020

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Kazakhstan government implemented ethnic-based immigration policies which call for ethnic Kazakhs from abroad return to their historical homeland. In 1991, Kazakhstan started a repatriation process of calling back its ethnic Kazakh to belong to the new nation, and to their new found ethnic identity. The immigration policies has including the “repatriation process of ethnics”, have helped significantly as Kazakhs tries to reconcile past wrongs, increase internal stability and conserve national identity. Because of the Soviet era much of Kazakh language and traditional cultures was sufficiently reduced in the public sphere, and the ethnic composition in this country was dominated by non-titular ethnics Thus, that ethnic immigration policy focused on change ethno-demographic structure of the Kazakhstan and increasing the total population size. This article focused to analyze the results of the ethnic immigration policy of Kazakhstan, how it has changed the immigration policy over the last 30 years.
Казахстан улсын угсаатны шилжилт хөдөлгөөний бодлого, түүний үр дүн
Хураангуй: 1991 онд Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс (ЗХУ) задарч, Бүгд Найрамдах Казахстан Улс (БНКазУ) байгуулагдсаны дараа тус улсад хүн амын “олон улсын шилжилт хөдөлгөөн”-ий урсгал эрчимтэй явагдаж эхэлсэн билээ. Шинээр тусгаар тогтносон БНКазУ хүн амын тогтвортой өсөлтийг дэмжих, нийт хүн амд казах угсаатны эзлэх хэмжээг нэмэгдүүлэх замаар угсаатны бүтцээ өөрчлөх, нийгэм эдийн засгийн хөгжилтэй уялдуулан хүн амын амьжиргааны түвшинг дээшлүүлэх зэрэг зорилтуудыг дэвшүүлсэн. Энэ хүрээнд дэлхийн өнцөг булан бүрээс казах угсаатнуудыг өөрсдийн “түүхэн эх нутаг” (historical homeland) болох БНКазУ-д шилжин ирж суурьших уриа дуудлага болгож, хүн амын шилжилт хөдөлгөөний тусгай бодлогыг хэрэгжүүлсэн. Ингэснээр БНКазУ-ыг чиглэсэн казах үндэстний хил дамнасан шилжилт хөдөлгөөн бүс нутгийн ба дэлхийн хэмжээнд эрчимтэй өрнөж, өнөөдрийг хүртэл тасралтгүй үргэлжилж байна. Энэхүү өгүүлэлд БНКазУ-ын Засгийн газраас нийт хүн амд эзлэх казах үндэстний тоог нэмэгдүүлэх, угсаатны бүтцийг өөрчлөхийн тулд 1991 оноос хойш 30 орчим жилийн хугацаанд хэрэгжүүлж буй шилжилт хөдөлгөөний (цагаачлал) бодлогын хэрэгжилт, түүний үр дүнд задлан шинжилгээ хийхийг зорилоо.
Түлхүүр үг: Бүгд Найрамдах Казахстан Улс, хүн ам зүйн бодлого, угсаатны бүтцийн өөрчлөлт, диаспора, казах үндэстний шилжилт хөдөлгөөн
Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Athletes
Authors: Makarov Leonid 
Published: February 2020

Sudden death (SD) is the most dangerous and irreversible outcome of diseases in clinical as well as in sports medicine. Between 1980 and 2011, the Sudden Death in Young Athletes Registry in the USA, which was developed based on mass media information, recorded 2406 cases of sudden death, which were observed in 29 diverse sports. In the USA 80% of all SD occurred in high school/middle school or collegiate student athletes, and 20% were engaged in organized youth, postgraduate. Statistical data vary greatly in different countries: SCD incidence rate in the USA is 7.47 and 1.33 per 1,000,000 exercising male and female school-age athletes, respectively, whereas in Italy, the rate is 2.6 cases in men and 1.1 in women per 100,000 individuals per year who are involved in active competitive sports. The European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) position paper concluded that as an overall estimate, 1–2 out of 100,000 athletes between of age of 12 and 35 years old die suddenly each year. It was shown that the risk of SCD is significantly higher in athletes than in nonathletes with the same heart condition in the general population, by more than five times for ARVC, 2.6 times for coronary artery disease, 1.5 times for myocarditis, and more than 2 times for cardiac conduction system diseases.
Pathology of Treated Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Nagaria Teddy Sutardji , Wang Hua , Chatterjee Deyali , Wang Huamin 
Published: February 2020

Context.—
Preoperative neoadjuvant therapy has been increasingly used to treat patients with potentially resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Neoadjuvant therapy often induces extensive fibrosis in tumor, adjacent pancreatic parenchyma, and peripancreatic tissue. Histopathologic evaluations and histologic tumor response grading (HTRG) of posttherapy pancreatectomy specimens are very difficult and challenging. Studies on prognostic significance of posttherapy pathologic staging, optimal system for HTRG, and other pathologic parameters in treated PDAC patients are limited.

Objective.—
This review is to provide a timely update of the prognostic values of posttherapy pathologic staging, HTRG, and other pathologic parameters in PDAC patients who received neoadjuvant therapy and pancreas resection.

Data Sources.—
Systemic review of major studies on pathologic evaluation and its clinicopathologic implications in treated PDAC patients.

Conclusions.—
Systemic pathologic examination, histologic tumor regression grading, pathologic evaluation of the margins, tumor involvement of superior mesenteric vein/portal vein, accurate pathologic staging, and reporting of posttherapy pancreatectomy specimens provide highly valuable prognostic information for postoperative patient care. Our findings suggest for the first time that tumor size of 1.0 cm, instead of 2.0 cm, is a better cutoff for ypT2 in PDAC patients. The newly proposed 3-tier MD Anderson HTRG system not only has proved to be an independent prognostic marker for PDAC patients who received neoadjuvant therapy and pancreatectomy, but also improves interobserver agreement among pathologists in evaluation of tumor response. This grading system should be considered in future editions of the College of American Pathologists protocol for PDAC.
Devenir « noir » sur les routes migratoires
Authors: El Miri Mustapha 
Published: February 2020

Les « Subsahariens » qui ont franchi les frontières géographiques pour arriver au Maroc avant d’entreprendre un passage vers l’Europe découvrent qu’ils sont porteurs d’une frontière tout aussi difficile à franchir. Ces personnes deviennent « noires » sur les routes migratoires et font l’expérience du racisme. Elles essaient, tant bien que mal, de s’adapter à ce qui est un obstacle supplémentaire, et non des moindres, sur leur parcours : elles se découvrent les représentantes d’une altérité radicale inscrite dans leur corps. Leur expérience nous montre que le racisme est multiforme. Il convoque les idéologies esclavagistes, coloniales, suprémacistes et les articule avec une image contemporaine de l’Africain noir débarquant sur les plages espagnoles, italiennes, grecques, en provenance des côtes libyennes, marocaines, ou tunisiennes. À l’intersection de la figure coloniale et esclavagiste du Noir et des migrants africains actuels, les « Subsahariens » subissent une double altérisation : raciale et sociale.
Taire la race pour produire une société incolore ?
Authors: Lavanchy Anne 
Published: February 2020

Cet article analyse les rapports sociaux de race à partir des pratiques administratives destinées à lutter contre les « abus » dans des contextes de « mixité ». Il montre que les pratiques administratives jouent un rôle décisif dans le contrôle des frontières symboliques de la nation, tout comme des modalités de sa reproduction, organisée autour de la blanchité. Partant de l’analogie entre les expressions émiques de mixité et de binationalité, l’auteure met en évidence qu’au-delà de la mutité de la race, les références à des lectures des corps — couleur de peau — comme à d’autres attributs identitaires — nationalité, genre et sexualité — jouent un rôle déterminant mais cependant tu pour traiter des demandes, en lien avec les notions émiques de mariage mixte, mariage de complaisance, mariage gris. Les couples s’écartant de la norme implicite d’homogamie raciale sont soumis à des dispositifs de discipline et de surveillance visant à les rappeler à l’ordre. Ces mécanismes renforcent l’ordre racial et disciplinent tant les personnes blanches que non blanches, avec des effets différents en fonction du genre et de la sexualité.
Représentations de l’intimité hétérosexuelle et transformations sociales : vers une sémantique amoureuse intégrée1
Authors: Piazzesi Chiara , Blais Martin , Lavigne Julie , Lavoie-Mongrain Catherine , Renière Roxane 
Published: February 2020

Il existe trois positions principales dans la littérature sociologique occidentale sur les transformations de l’intimité et des imaginaires amoureux contemporains : la thèse de l’individualisation comme émancipation de la tradition, la thèse de la détraditionnalisation comme déliaison et la thèse de la coexistence entre tradition et modernisation dans les discours et les pratiques intimes. À partir d’une étude de cas sur la télésérie québécoise La Galère (2007-2013), cet article propose une quatrième approche pour aborder ces transformations qui permet de dépasser les limites théoriques et empiriques des trois positions mentionnées. Cette approche développe le concept de « sémantique intégrée » pour décrire en détail les éléments des sémantiques en circulation dans les produits culturels occidentaux, ainsi que les modalités de la coexistence entre imaginaires traditionnels et imaginaires novateurs. De plus, cette approche offre des outils conceptuels pour formuler des hypothèses sur la relation entre les évolutions sémantiques et les transformations sociales contemporaines dans la sphère intime.
Comparative Effectiveness of Different Treatment Pathways for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Wakeman Sarah E. , Larochelle Marc R. , Ameli Omid , Chaisson Christine E. , McPheeters Jeffrey Thomas , Crown William H. , Azocar Francisca , Sanghavi Darshak M. 
Published: February 2020

ImportanceAlthough clinical trials demonstrate the superior effectiveness of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) compared with nonpharmacologic treatment, national data on the comparative effectiveness of real-world treatment pathways are lacking.ObjectiveTo examine associations between opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment pathways and overdose and opioid-related acute care use as proxies for OUD recurrence.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective comparative effectiveness research study assessed deidentified claims from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse from individuals aged 16 years or older with OUD and commercial or Medicare Advantage coverage. Opioid use disorder was identified based on 1 or more inpatient or 2 or more outpatient claims for OUD diagnosis codes within 3 months of each other; 1 or more claims for OUD plus diagnosis codes for opioid-related overdose, injection-related infection, or inpatient detoxification or residential services; or MOUD claims between January 1, 2015, and September 30, 2017. Data analysis was performed from April 1, 2018, to June 30, 2019.ExposuresOne of 6 mutually exclusive treatment pathways, including (1) no treatment, (2) inpatient detoxification or residential services, (3) intensive behavioral health, (4) buprenorphine or methadone, (5) naltrexone, and (6) nonintensive behavioral health.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOpioid-related overdose or serious acute care use during 3 and 12 months after initial treatment.ResultsA total of 40 885 individuals with OUD (mean [SD] age, 47.73 [17.25] years; 22 172 [54.2%] male; 30 332 [74.2%] white) were identified. For OUD treatment, 24 258 (59.3%) received nonintensive behavioral health, 6455 (15.8%) received inpatient detoxification or residential services, 5123 (12.5%) received MOUD treatment with buprenorphine or methadone, 1970 (4.8%) received intensive behavioral health, and 963 (2.4%) received MOUD treatment with naltrexone. During 3-month follow-up, 707 participants (1.7%) experienced an overdose, and 773 (1.9%) had serious opioid-related acute care use. Only treatment with buprenorphine or methadone was associated with a reduced risk of overdose during 3-month (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.24; 95% CI, 0.14-0.41) and 12-month (AHR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.31-0.55) follow-up. Treatment with buprenorphine or methadone was also associated with reduction in serious opioid-related acute care use during 3-month (AHR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47-0.99) and 12-month (AHR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.58-0.95) follow-up.Conclusions and RelevanceTreatment with buprenorphine or methadone was associated with reductions in overdose and serious opioid-related acute care use compared with other treatments. Strategies to address the underuse of MOUD are needed.
A Facile, High‐Yield, and Freeze‐and‐Thaw‐Assisted Approach to Fabricate MXene with Plentiful Wrinkles and Its Application in On‐Chip Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Huang Xianwu , Wu Peiyi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMXene, as a new member of the two‐dimensional (2D) material family, has been widely studied. However, people often pay close attention to the versatility of MXene while ignoring its low exfoliation yield. In this work, a simplified and effective strategy to exfoliate multilayer‐MXene via the gentle water freezing‐and‐thawing (FAT) approach is proposed. The volume expansion of intercalated water can promote the exfoliation of MXene nanosheets. The yield of large FAT‐MXene flakes with special wrinkles can reach 39% after four cycles of the FAT process. Moreover, combining with sonication treatment can boost the yield of small MXene to a record high value of 81.4%. With the help of a commercial interdigital mask, an on‐chip all‐MXene micro‐supercapacitor (MSC) assembled by large FAT‐MXene is fabricated, exhibiting high areal and volumetric capacitance of 23.6 mF cm−2 and 591 F cm−3, respectively. This remarkable electrochemical performance of MXene‐MSC also confirms the high quality of MXene through this FAT strategy. This study may open up a new method to simultaneously boost the yield of MXene with small or large flake sizes, facilitating large‐scale and size‐dependent research on MXene.
A Self‐Healing Nanofiber‐Based Self‐Responsive Time‐Temperature Indicator for Securing a Cold‐Supply Chain
Authors: Choi Sejin , Eom Youngho , Kim Seon‐Mi , Jeong Da‐Woon , Han Jongmin , Koo Jun Mo , Hwang Sung Yeon , Park Jeyoung , Oh Dongyeop X. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPerishable foods at undesired temperatures can generate foodborne illnesses that present significant societal costs. To certify refrigeration succession in a food‐supply chain, a flexible, easy‐to‐interpret, damage‐tolerant, and sensitive time‐temperature indicator (TTI) that uses a self‐healing nanofiber mat is devised. This mat is opaque when refrigerated due to nanofiber‐induced light scattering, but becomes irreversibly transparent at room temperature through self‐healing‐induced interfibrillar fusion leading to the appearance of a warning sign. The mat monitors both freezer (−20 °C) and chiller (2 °C) successions and its timer is tunable over the 0.5–22.5 h range through control of the polymer composition and film thickness. The thin mat itself serves as both a temperature sensor and display; it does not require modularization, accurately measures localized or gradient heat, and functions even after crushing, cutting, and when weight‐loaded in a manner that existing TTIs cannot. It also contains no drainable chemicals and is attachable to various shapes because it operates through an intrinsic physical response.
Spatiotemporally Synchronous Oxygen Self‐Supply and Reactive Oxygen Species Production on Z‐Scheme Heterostructures for Hypoxic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Cheng Yan , Kong Xiangpeng , Chang Yun , Feng Yanlin , Zheng Runxiao , Wu Xiaqing , Xu Keqiang , Gao Xingfa , Zhang Haiyuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy has been severely limited by oxygen (O2) deficiency in tumors and the electron–hole separation inefficiency in photosensitizers, especially the long‐range diffusion of O2 toward photosensitizers during the PDT process. Herein, novel bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3)@bismuth (Bi) Z‐scheme heterostructured nanorods (NRs) are designed to realize the spatiotemporally synchronous O2 self‐supply and production of reactive oxygen species for hypoxic tumor therapy. Both narrow‐bandgap Bi2S3 and Bi components can be excited by a near‐infrared laser to generate abundant electrons and holes. The Z‐scheme heterostructure endows Bi2S3@Bi NRs with an efficient electron–hole separation ability and potent redox potentials, where the hole on the valence band of Bi2S3 can react with water to supply O2 for the electron on the conduction band of Bi to produce reactive oxygen species. The Bi2S3@Bi NRs overcome the major obstacles of conventional photosensitizers during the PDT process and exhibit a promising phototherapeutic effect, supplying a new strategy for hypoxic tumor elimination.
Strong Linearly Polarized Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence from Halide Perovskite/Azobenzene Dye Composite Film for Display Applications
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Meng Cuiling , Huang Jincheng , Jiang Le , Zhou Dingjian , Chen Rongsheng , Yeung Fion , Kwok Hoi‐Sing , Xu Ping , Li Guijun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolarization emission from halide perovskite is expected to bring a lot of benefits for next‐generation displays, such as cost down, wide color gamut, and structure simplification. In this work, strong linearly polarized luminescence from emissive halide perovskites modulated by photoaligned azobenzene dye AD1 is demonstrated. The azobenzene dye functionalized halide perovskite thin films not only exhibit exceptionally high degree of polarization (DOP) of 86.2–93.1% for red, green, and blue emission, but also promise an improved environmental stability originating from the hydrophobic nature of the azobenzene dye. When these perovskite/AD1 composite films are applied in liquid crystal display panels to replace the conventional thick polarizer, the energy efficiency can be doubled and the color gamut can be extended to >120% NTSC. Furthermore, the AD1 functionalized strategy is successfully employed to generate linearly polarized electroluminescence from an inverted perovskite light‐emitting diode, showing a high DOP of 47%.
Ferroelectric Polymers Exhibiting Negative Longitudinal Piezoelectric Coefficient: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Qing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPiezoelectric polymers are well‐recognized to hold great promise for a wide range of flexible, wearable, and biocompatible applications. Among the known piezoelectric polymers, ferroelectric polymers represented by poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) possess the best piezoelectric coefficients. However, the physical origin of negative longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients occurring in the polymers remains elusive. To address this long‐standing challenge, several theoretical models proposed over the past decades, which are controversial in nature, have been revisited and reviewed. It is concluded that negative longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients arise from the negative longitudinal electrostriction in the crystalline domain of the polymers, independent of amorphous and crystalline‐amorphous interfacial regions. The crystalline origin of piezoelectricity offers unprecedented opportunities to improve electromechanical properties of polymers via structural engineering, i.e., design of morphotropic phase boundaries in ferroelectric polymers.
Artificial Mini Dendritic Cells Boost T Cell–Based Immunotherapy for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Cheng Shanshan , Xu Cong , Jin Yue , Li Yu , Zhong Cheng , Ma Jun , Yang Jiani , Zhang Nan , Li Yuan , Wang Chao , Yang Zhiyou , Wang Yu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOvarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy with high recurrence rates and low survival rates, remaining a disease of high unmet need. Cancer immunotherapy, which harnesses the potential of the immune system to attack tumors, has emerged as one of the most promising treatment options in recent years. As an important form of immunotherapy, dendritic cell (DC)–based vaccines have demonstrated the ability to induce an immune response, while clinical efficacy of DC vaccines remains unsubstantiated as long‐term benefit is only reported in a restricted proportion of patients. Here, a biomimetic nanovaccine derived from DCs is developed through cell membrane coating nanotechnology. This nanovaccine, denoted “mini DC,” inherits the ability of antigen presentation and T cells' stimulation from DCs and is shown to elicit enhanced activation of T cells both in vitro and in vivo. In a mouse model of ovarian cancer, mini DCs exhibit superior therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy against cancer including delayed tumor growth and reduced tumor metastasis compared with DC vaccine. These findings suggest that mini DCs may serve as a facile and potent vaccine to boost anticancer immunotherapy.
Numerical calculation with experimental validation of pressure drop in a fixed‐bed reactor filled with the porous elements
Authors: Pashchenko Dmitry , Karpilov Igor , Mustafin Ravil 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo study flow dynamics in a fixed‐bed reactor, experiment and numerical simulation are used. In this work, the flow dynamics in a fixed‐bed reactor filled with porous particles was simulated. For verification, experimental data were used. Porous particles were prepared from grains with sizes from 0.2 to 2.0 mm. Porous particles made by sintering grains in a muffle furnace. The study of pressure drop was performed in the velocity range up to 3 m/s. Numerical calculation was performed for a realistic computational domain obtained by RBD‐algorithm (rigid body dynamics). It was found that if the pore size is less than 0.5 mm, then the flow through the porous medium of particles is minimal; if the pore size is larger than 0.5 mm, then there is a flow through the porous elements of the fixed‐bed reactor. To take into account the porosity of the particles, γ correlation coefficient was proposed for the Ergun equation.
Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Tarahumara and Mestizo Adolescents from Sierra Tarahumara, Mexico
Authors: Rivera‐Morales Javier , Sotuyo Solange , Vargas‐Guadarrama Luis A. , De Santiago Soledad , Pasquet Patrick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesOur purpose was to explore the levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the relationship between CRF, physical activity, and other physical traits in traditional and nontraditional Tarahumara, and Mestizo adolescents from Sierra Tarahumara, Mexico.MethodsA sample of 87 adolescents aged 16.9 ± 1.2 years (mean ± SD) performed the Margaria step test to quantify CRF. Physical activity was estimated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric measures were taken to estimate body composition and other physical characteristics.ResultsTraditional Tarahumara showed higher levels of CRF than nontraditional Tarahumara and Mestizo adolescents (F = 5.5, p = .006). The time allotted to sedentary activities was higher in the Mestizo and nontraditional Tarahumara (χ2 = 10.17, p = .006). In nontraditional Tarahumara, adiposity was associated with CRF reduction (r2 = −.63, p = .00), while vigorous physical activities were positively associated with CRF (r2 = .43, p = .03) and negatively associated with the z‐score of body fat (r2 = −.42 p = .03). Finally, CRF was negatively associated with fat percentage (r2 = −.27, p = .00) and systolic blood pressure (r2 = −.09, p = .04) in the Mestizo. In this group, walking activities (r2 = −.25, p = .003) and total physical activity score (r2 = −.11, p = .03) had a positive association with the CRF, while moderate activities had a negative association with the body mass index (r2 = .09, p = .04), and vigorous activities were negatively associated with body weight (r2 = .11, p = .03).ConclusionsIn the sampled nontraditional Tarahumara and Mestizo adolescents, moderate and vigorous physical activities were important factors in determining levels in CRF, fat percentage, and other health parameters.