bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perubahan Sikap pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Indonesia Tahun 2014-2018 (Gerakan Nusantara)
Authors: Hafizhah Dinar Farrasia , Syafiq Ahmad , Fikawati Sandra 
Published: August 2020

Pola perilaku dan kebiasaan makan saat dewasa terbentuk pada masa kanak-kanak. Pengetahuan dan kebiasaan makan akan mengarahkan ke perubahan sikap gizi yang lebih teratur dan seimbang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh edukasi program gizi dalam perubahan rata-rata skor sikap sebelum dan sesudah terpapar program Gerakan Nusantara tahun 2014-2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan studi kuantiatif, sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 7605 orang yang merupakan siswa sekolah dasar kelas III, IV dan V di beberapa wilayah di Kota Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, Medan, Makassar, Yogyakarta, Pontianak, NTT, Pekanbaru, Padang, Jambi dan Sorong. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder Gerakan Nusantara tahun 2014-2018. Pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS dengan uji t-test independent & dependent, uji korelasi dan One-way Anova. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat perubahan sikap yang signifikan secara statistik (p<0,05) pada tiap tahunnya dengan perbedaan yaitu tahun 2014 terdapat peningkatan sikap sebesar 4%, di tahun 2015 sebesar 6%, tahun 2016 sebesar 6%, tahun 2017 sebesar 10% sedangkan di tahun 2018 sebesar 36%. Sedangkan, hubungan pengetahuan terhadap sikap didapatkan hasil yang signifikan secara statistik (p<0,05), pada tahun 2014 (r=0,47, p=0,000), tahun 2015 (r=0,26, p=0,000), tahun 2016 (r=0,35, p=0,000), tahun 2017 (r=0,26, p=0,000) dan tahun 2018 (r=0,41, p=0,000). Program pendidikan gizi membawa perbaikan signifikan dalam perubahan sikap yang juga dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan pada anak-anak sekolah dasar di setiap tahun nya.
Hubungan Antara Kebiasaan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh pada Mahasiswa FK-UWKS Angkatan 2016 dan 2017
Authors: INDAHSARI NOER KUMALA , MAHALI MOCHAMMAD IRFAN 
Published: August 2020

<p align="justify">Abstract</p><p align="justify"><strong>Background</strong>: The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple, inexpensive and easy method of assessing a person's nutritional status, but BMI can’t measure body fat directly.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Methode</strong>: 124 respondents from the 2016 and 2017 FK-UWKS students and taken randomly. The research method used was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional study. Data taken includes BMI, and physical activity. Statistical test with Spearman correlation test (x2). In the early stages of the study anthropometric measurements were carried out to determine Student BMI. Physical activity is measured by recalling activities that students do every day. <strong>R</strong><strong>esults</strong><strong>:</strong> groups that always carried out physical activity were 24 respondents who had a normal body mass index, while the group that had never carried out physical activity had 57 respondents with a body mass index with details (3 respondents with less BMI, 11 respondents with normal BMI, 30 respondents with excessive BMI and 13 respondents with Obesity BMI)as well as groups that sometimes carried out physical activities totaling 43 respondents had a relatively normal body mass index. From the results of the data above, the Sig value is obtained = 0,000 (&lt;0.05) which means that there is a relationship between physical activity and the Body Mass Index in the 2016 and 2017 FK-UWKS students.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: physical activity correlated with Body Mass Index</p><p align="justify"> </p><p align="justify"><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Body mass index, habit of physical activity</em><em></em></p>
Ethanolic Extract Oitment of The Graptophylum Pictum L Griff Leaves as Analgesic agent to Male White Rat
Authors: Rikomah Setya Enti , Fitri Ninsi 
Published: August 2020

<p>Graptophyllum pictum L Griff Leaves in the community are used as medicinal ingredients, one of which is for analgesics. Black pudding leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds that act as suspected analgesics, namely flavonoids. The ethanolic extract of black pudding leaves has been formulated into cream and ointment preparations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of analgesic preparations of black pudding leaves (Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff) ethanol extract in white male mice. The effectiveness of analgesics was tested using the hotplate method. The test animals used were 25 white male mice which were divided into 5 groups: negative control (F0), positive control (Ichtiol® ointment), and black pudding leaf F1 (10%), F2 (15%) ethanol extract treatment group, and F3 (20%). Observation of stretching of mice was done after the feet of mice were induced and immediately given treatment. Observation of analgesic percentage in each mouse was carried out every 5 minutes for 60 minutes. The data obtained were processed and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan test with a 95% confidence level. One-way ANOVA test results showed that there were significant differences between treatment groups (0.003 &lt;0.05). The results of the average percentage of analgesic effectiveness of formula 2 have a good effect that is equal to 77.969%. Duncan's test results showed that the group that gave the best analgesic effectiveness was formula 2 (15%) comparable to positive control.</p><p><strong>Keywords: Graptophyllum pictum, Analgesics, ointment, Hotplate.</strong><strong></strong></p>
Jamāl al-Bannā’s Deconstruction of Qur’ānic Exegeses, the Ḥadīth Corpus and Sharīᶜah: A Critical Analysis (Jamal al Banna dan Dekonstruksi Tafsiran Qur’an, Teks Hadith dan Shariah: Suatu Analisa Kritis)
Authors: Ushama Thameem 
Published: August 2020

The paper examines Jamāl al-Bannā’s religious thinking. After providing a concise review of his circumstances, education and transformation of thought, a qualitative content analysis of his work reveals bizarre patterns of exposition. The paper reviews his positions on orthodox Qur’ānic exegeses, punishments for apostasy and adultery, and views on jihād, wearing ḥijāb and the permissibility of smoking when fasting, etc. His views on ijtihād and legal injunctions show exceptional non-reliance on basic sources and ijmāᶜ. The paper also examines his arguments on the Qur’ān’s sources, abrogation, generalization of the text, the authenticity of the Prophet’s traditions and other issues such as the priority of reason over Sharīᶜah, etc. In general, it unveils his deviant positions while generating much controversy.
Keywords: Authenticity, deconstruction, exegesis, ḥadīth, legal injunctions.
Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan menyelidiki pemikiran keagamaan Jamal al-Banna. Setelah sorotan dibuat terhadap latarbelakang kehidupan beliau, pendidikan dan perubahan pemikiran, juga taakulan terhadap sumbangan intelektualnya didapati terserlah beberapa aspek pemikiran beliau yang agak ganjil. Artikel ini akan memfokuskan kepada pendirian Jamal al-Banna terhadap tafsiran tradisional al- Quran, hukuman-hukuman terhadap jenayah murtad dan zina, persoalan jihad, pemakaian hijab, kebenaran merokok ketika berpuasa dan sebagainya. Pendirian beliau terhadap ijtihad dan hukum hakam agama menujukkan bahawa beliau tidak bergantung kepada sumber-sumber asas agama dan ijma’. Kajian ini juga menganalisa hujah-hujah beliau terhadap sumber-sumber al-Qur’an, konsep nasakh, generalisasi teks, keaslian Hadith-hadith Nabi dan isu-isu lain seperti keutamaan akal daripada Syariah. Secara umumnya, kajian ini menyerlahkan beberapa aspek penyimpangan pendirian beliau daripada kefahaman arus perdana, bahkan kefahaman tersebut mencetuskan banyak kontroversi.
Kata Kunci: Keaslian, dekonstruksi, tafsiran, hadith, dan hukum hakam.
Pituitary hyperplasia causing complete bitemporal hemianopia with resolution following surgical decompression: case report
Authors: Raviv Nataly , Amin Ami , Kenning Tyler J. , Pinheiro-Neto Carlos D. , Jones David , Sharma Vibhavasu , Peris-Celda Maria 
Published: August 2020

In this report, the authors demonstrated that idiopathic pituitary hyperplasia (PH) can cause complete bitemporal hemianopia and amenorrhea, even in the setting of mild anatomical compression of the optic chiasm and normal pituitary function. Furthermore, complete resolution of symptoms can be achieved with surgical decompression.
PH can occur in the setting of pregnancy or end-organ insufficiency, as well as with medications such as oral contraceptives and antipsychotics, or it can be idiopathic. It is often found incidentally, and surgical intervention is usually unnecessary, as the disorder rarely progresses and can be managed by treating the underlying etiology. Here, the authors present the case of a 24-year-old woman with no significant prior medical history, who presented with bitemporal hemianopia and amenorrhea. Imaging revealed an enlarged pituitary gland that was contacting, but not compressing, the optic chiasm, and pituitary hormone tests were all within normal limits. The patient underwent surgical decompression of the sella turcica and exploration of the gland through an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach. Pathology results demonstrated PH. A postoperative visual field examination revealed complete resolution of the bitemporal hemianopia, and menstruation resumed 3 days later. The patient remains asymptomatic with no hormonal deficits.
The 5-factor modified frailty index: an effective predictor of mortality in brain tumor patients
Authors: Khalafallah Adham M. , Huq Sakibul , Jimenez Adrian E. , Brem Henry , Mukherjee Debraj 
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE
Health measures such as the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the 11-factor modified frailty index (mFI-11) have been employed to predict general medical and surgical mortality, but their clinical utility is limited by the requirement for a large number of data points, some of which overlap or require data that may be unavailable in large datasets. A more streamlined 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) was recently developed to overcome these barriers, but it has not been widely tested in neuro-oncology patient populations. The authors compared the utility of the mFI-5 to that of the CCI and the mFI-11 in predicting postoperative mortality in brain tumor patients.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed a cohort of adult patients from a single institution who underwent brain tumor surgery during the period from January 2017 to December 2018. Logistic regression models were used to quantify the associations between health measure scores and postoperative mortality after adjusting for patient age, race, ethnicity, sex, marital status, and diagnosis. Results were considered statistically significant at p values ≤ 0.05. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to examine the relationships between CCI, mFI-11, and mFI-5 and mortality, and DeLong’s test was used to test for significant differences between c-statistics. Spearman’s rho was used to quantify correlations between indices.

RESULTS
The study cohort included 1692 patients (mean age 55.5 years; mean CCI, mFI-11, and mFI-5 scores 2.49, 1.05, and 0.80, respectively). Each 1-point increase in mFI-11 (OR 4.19, p = 0.0043) and mFI-5 (OR 2.56, p = 0.018) scores independently predicted greater odds of 90-day postoperative mortality. Adjusted CCI, mFI-11, and mFI-5 ROC curves demonstrated c-statistics of 0.86 (CI 0.82–0.90), 0.87 (CI 0.83–0.91), and 0.87 (CI 0.83–0.91), respectively, and there was no significant difference between the c-statistics of the adjusted CCI and the adjusted mFI-5 models (p = 0.089) or between the adjusted mFI-11 and the adjusted mFI-5 models (p = 0.82). The 3 indices were well correlated (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
The adjusted mFI-5 model predicts 90-day postoperative mortality among brain tumor patients as well as our adjusted CCI and adjusted mFI-11 models. The simplified mFI-5 may be easily integrated into clinical workflows to predict brain tumor surgery outcomes in real time.
Effect of surgery and chemotherapy on long-term survival in infants with congenital glioblastoma: an integrated survival analysis
Authors: Lu Victor M. , O’Connor Kyle P. , Himes Benjamin T. , Brown Desmond A. , Nesvick Cody L. , Siada Ruby G. , Niazi Toba N. , Schwartz Jonathan , Daniels David J. 
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVEGlioblastoma (GBM) during infancy is rare, and the clinical outcomes of congenital GBM are not well understood. Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to present a long-term survivor case from the authors’ institution, and establish an integrated cohort of cases across the published literature to better understand the clinical course of this disease in this setting.METHODSThe authors report the outcomes of an institutional case of congenital GBM diagnosed within the first 3 months of life, and performed a comprehensive literature search for published cases from 2000 onward for an integrated survival analysis. All cases were integrated into 1 cohort, and Kaplan-Meier estimations, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression were used to interrogate the data.RESULTSThe integrated cohort of 40 congenital GBM cases consisted of 23 (58%) females and 17 (42%) males born at a median gestational age of 38 weeks (range 22–40 weeks). Estimates of overall survival (OS) at 1 month was 67%, at 1 year it was 59%, and at 10 years it was 45%, with statistically superior outcomes for subgroups in which patients survived to be treated by resection and chemotherapy. In the overall cohort, multivariable analysis confirmed resection (p < 0.01) and chemotherapy (p < 0.01) as independent predictors of superior OS. Gestational age > 38 weeks (p < 0.01), Apgar scores ≥ 7 at 5 minutes (p < 0.01), absence of prenatal hydrocephalus (p < 0.01), and vaginal delivery (p < 0.01) were associated with greater odds of surgical diagnosis versus autopsy diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSCongenital GBM can deviate from the expected poor prognosis of adult GBM in terms of OS. Both resection and chemotherapy confer statistically superior prognostic advantages in those patients who survive within the immediate postnatal period, and should be first-line considerations in the initial management of this rare disease.
Vertebral body fracture rates after stereotactic body radiation therapy compared with external-beam radiation therapy for metastatic spine tumors
Authors: Vargas Enrique , Susko Matthew S. , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Braunstein Steve E. , Chou Dean 
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVEStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is utilized to deliver highly conformal, dose-escalated radiation to a target while sparing surrounding normal structures. Spinal SBRT can allow for durable local control and palliation of disease while minimizing the risk of damage to the spinal cord; however, spinal SBRT has been associated with an increased risk of vertebral body fractures. This study sought to compare the fracture rates between SBRT and conventionally fractionated external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in patients with metastatic spine tumors.METHODSRecords from patients treated at the University of California, San Francisco, with radiation therapy for metastatic spine tumors were retrospectively reviewed. Vertebral body fracture and local control rates were compared between SBRT and EBRT. Ninety-six and 213 patients were identified in the SBRT and EBRT groups, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified the need to control for primary tumor histology (p = 0.003 for prostate cancer, p = 0.0496 for renal cell carcinoma). The patient-matched EBRT comparison group was created by matching SBRT cases using propensity scores for potential confounders, including the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS), the number and location of spine levels treated, sex, age at treatment, duration of follow-up (in months) after treatment, and primary tumor histology. Covariate balance following group matching was confirmed using the Student t-test for unequal variance. Statistical analysis, including propensity score matching and multivariate analysis, was performed using R software and related packages.RESULTSA total of 90 patients met inclusion criteria, with 45 SBRT and 45 EBRT matched cases. Balance of the covariates, SINS, age, follow-up time, and primary tumor histology after the matching process was confirmed between groups (p = 0.062, p = 0.174, and 0.991, respectively, along with matched tumor histology). The SBRT group had a higher 5-year rate of vertebral body fracture at 22.22% (n = 10) compared with 6.67% (n = 3) in the EBRT group (p = 0.044). Survival analysis was used to adjust for uneven follow-up time and showed a significant difference in fracture rates between the two groups (p = 0.044). SBRT also was associated with a higher rate of local control (86.67% vs 77.78%).CONCLUSIONSPatients with metastatic cancer undergoing SBRT had higher rates of vertebral body fractures compared with patients undergoing EBRT, and this difference held up after survival analysis. SBRT also had higher rates of initial local control than EBRT but this difference did not hold up after survival analysis, most likely because of a high percentage of radiosensitive tumors in the EBRT cohort.
Risk Factors Predicting Amyloid PET Positivity in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Apolipoprotein E ɛ3/ɛ3 Genotypes
Authors: Ho Seong Hee , Yang Dong-Won 
Published: August 2020

Background: The apolipoprotein E ( APOE) ɛ4 allele is a well-known risk factor for AD and is associated with higher amyloid deposition and earlier dementia onset. However, the relationship between amyloid pathology and the most common APOE allele, ɛ3, has not been well studied. Objective: In this study, we aimed to identify the risk factors predicting amyloid PET positivity in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and APOE ɛ3/ ɛ3 genotypes. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of MCI patients with APOE ɛ3/ ɛ3 genotypes who underwent amyloid PET scanning. Demographics, neuropsychological tests, and brain MRI were obtained. We analyzed which risk factors could affect amyloid PET positivity in MCI patients with APOE ɛ3/ ɛ3 genotypes using logistic regression models. Results: We recruited 171 MCI patients with APOE ɛ3/ ɛ3 genotypes in this study. Out of 171 patients, 49 patients (28.65%) showed positive results in the amyloid PET scans. In a multivariate logistic regression model, amyloid positivity was associated with frontal atrophy (OR = 2.63, p = 0.009), and CDR-SOB scores (OR = 2.46, p = 0.013). The odds ratio for amyloid PET positivity in patients older than and equal to 75 years with both frontal atrophy and CDR-SOB scores >1.0 was 3.63. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that frontal atrophy, high CDR-SOB scores, and old age were risk factors associated with amyloid PET positivity in MCI with APOE ɛ3/ ɛ3 genotypes.
Estrogen Receptor α Agonist is Beneficial for Young Female Rats Against Chronic Unpredicted Mild Stress-Induced Depressive Behavior and Cognitive Deficits
Authors: Qu Na , Wang Xiao-Ming , Zhang Teng , Zhang Shu-Fang , Li Yi , Cao Fu-Yuan , Wang Qun , Ning Lin-Na , Tian Qing 
Published: August 2020

Background: Women are reported more likely to develop depression and dementia. However, the involved mechanism is poorly understood. Objective: Here, we clarified the role of estrogen receptor α (ER α) in depression and cognitive deficit in young female rats. Methods: After being exposed to 7-weeks’ chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS), the depression resilient rats (Res rats) and depressed rats (Dep rats) were selected according to their records in sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and open field test. Their cognition abilities were tested by Morris water maze. Proteomic assay, immunoprecipitation, western blotting, immunohistochemical, and Nissl staining were also used to understand the involved mechanism. Results: Compared with control rats and Res rats, Dep rats showed cognitive deficits and hippocampal impairments revealed by proteomic data, neuron losses, increased cleaved caspase-3, β-catenin phosphorylation, and glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK3β) activation. As ER α, but not ERβ, was found declined in hippocampi of Dep rats, 4,4k,4a-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol (PPT, an ER α agonist, 1 mg/kg/day), was used to treat Dep rats (Dep + PPT). Twenty days later, the depressive behaviors, cognition deficits, and hippocampal neuron loss were rescued in Dep + PPT rats. Furthermore, Res and Dep + PPT rats had higher levels of β-catenin combined with ER α and lower levels of β-catenin combined with GSK3β than Dep rats in hippocampi. Conclusion: These results demonstrated hippocampal ER α is an important pro-resilient factor in CUMS-induced depressive behaviors and cognitive deficits. It was also given that the neuroprotection afforded by hippocampal ER α/Wnt interactions have significant implications for cognition and emotion in young females.
Mitochondrial Fusion Promoter Alleviates Brain Damage in Rats with Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Surinkaew Poomarin , Apaijai Nattayaporn , Sawaddiruk Passakorn , Jaiwongkam Thidarat , Kerdphoo Sasiwan , Chattipakorn Nipon , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induces brain damage through increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, microglial hyperactivity, pro-inflammatory cytokines, amyloid-β deposition, loss of dendritic spines, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, and imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics. Previous studies demonstrated that mitochondrial fusion promoter reduced cardiac damage from cardiac I/R injury; however, following cardiac I/R injury, the roles of mitochondrial dynamics on the brain have not been investigated. Objective: To investigate the effects of pharmacological modulation using mitochondrial fusion promoter (M1) in the brain of rats following cardiac I/R injury. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were separated into two groups; 1) sham-operation ( n = 8) and 2) cardiac I/R injury ( n = 16). Rats in the cardiac I/R injury group were randomly received either normal saline solution as a vehicle or a mitochondrial fusion promoter (M1, 2 mg/kg) intravenously. Both treatments were given to the rats 15 minutes before cardiac I/R injury. At the end of the reperfusion protocol, the brain was rapidly removed to investigate brain mitochondrial function, mitochondrial dynamics proteins, microglial activity, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) related proteins. Results: Cardiac I/R injury induced brain mitochondrial dynamics imbalance as indicated by reduced mitochondrial fusion proteins expression without alteration in mitochondrial fission, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, BBB breakdown, increased macrophage infiltration, apoptosis, and AD-related proteins. Pretreatment with M1 effectively increased the expression of mitofusin 2, a mitochondrial outer membrane fusion protein, reduced brain mitochondrial dysfunction, BBB breakdown, macrophage infiltration, apoptosis, and AD-related proteins in rats following cardiac I/R injury. Conclusion: This mitochondrial fusion promoter significantly protected rats with cardiac I/R injury against brain damage.