bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pinwheel Pedicle Flap Technique for Increasing Keratinized Tissue at Stage 2 Implant Surgery
Authors: Maldonado‐Alfandari Katherine , Chong Chol H. 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionThe goal of stage 2 implant surgery is to uncover implants while maintaining or augmenting the peri‐implant keratinized tissue. Although the absolute requirement for keratinized tissue around natural teeth can be debated, implants appear to have consistently improved postoperative clinical parameters and health when there is an adequate keratinized peri‐implant tissue.Case PresentationThis article presents a new technique to optimize the keratinized tissue around implants during stage 2 surgery. Although there are many treatment options that can be considered at the time of surgery, the technique presented here has the advantage of increasing the keratinized tissue circumferentially around the implant without using a second donor site. The technique, called the “pinwheel,” is presented in two cases with the same clinical presentation. Two mandibular overdenture patients with ≤3 mm of keratinized tissue over implant sites, stage 2 surgery was performed using the “pinwheel technique” to increase the keratinized tissue on the facial and lingual surfaces.ConclusionThe use of the pinwheel technique to augment keratinized tissue around implants is effective and is a viable treatment option during stage 2 implant surgery.
Changes in cellular processes occurring in mucopolysaccharidoses as underestimated pathomechanisms of these diseases
Authors: Gaffke Lidia , Pierzynowska Karolina , Podlacha Magdalena , Brokowska Joanna , Węgrzyn Grzegorz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of genetic disorders belonging to lysosomal storage diseases. They are caused by genetic defects leading to a lack or severe deficiency of activity of one of lysosomal hydrolases involved in degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Partially degraded GAGs accumulate in lysosomes, which results in dysfunctions of cells, tissues, and organs. Until recently, it was assumed that GAG accumulation in cells is the major, if not the only, mechanism of pathogenesis in MPS, as GAGs may be a physical ballast for lysosomes causing inefficiency of cells due to a large amount of a stored material. However, recent reports suggest that in MPS cells there are changes in many different processes, which might be even more important for pathogenesis than lysosomal accumulation of GAGs per se. Moreover, there are many recently published results indicating that lysosomes not only are responsible for degradation of various macromolecules, but also play crucial roles in the regulation of cellular metabolism. Therefore, it appears plausible that previous failures in treatment of MPS (i.e., possibility to correct only some symptoms and slowing down of the disease rather than fully effective management of MPS) might be caused by underestimation of changes in cellular processes and concentration solely on decreasing GAG levels in cells.
Cutaneous horn: A rare subtype of juvenile xanthogranuloma
Authors: Iraji Fariba , Ganjei Zakiye , Kazemipour Samira 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBecause of variability in the JXG shape and the extensive range of a cutaneous horn differential diagnosis, dermatologists should keep this diagnosis in their mind in the time of encountering with infants or children cases of cutaneous horn.
High‐Pressure Jet Cleaning of Polymeric Microfiltration Membranes
Authors: Lam Zihim , Anlauf Harald , Nirschl Hermann 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe cleaning effect of a high‐pressure jet of water on a polymeric microfiltration membrane was investigated at different pressures, durations, and angles. The angle of 70° at a pressure of 130 bar and a cleaning duration of 10 s were found to be promising parameters. Throughput measurements show that this cleaning method can restore about 80 % of the initial throughput of the membrane. Analyses by capillary flow porometer and UV‐vis spectrophotometer imply that an impact on the membrane was detectable after 1800 cleaning cycles at a pressure of 130 bar. Therefore, high‐pressure jet cleaning is a promising method for mechanical cleaning of track‐etched microfiltration membranes.
Location Planning for the Production of CO2‐Based Chemicals Using the Example of Olefin Production
Authors: Thonemann Nils , Stießel Sebastian , Maga Daniel , Dresen Boris , Hiebel Markus , Hunstock Björn , Deerberg Görge , Weidner Eckhard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA methodology for identifying suitable locations for the CO2‐based production of olefins in Germany is presented. Based on electricity and CO2 requirements, locations are identified that can provide sufficient CO2 and renewable energy for the conversion of CO2 to olefins. In addition, the use of existing infrastructures is taken into account. The regional, technical renewable energy potential in Germany is sufficient to produce ∼ 800 kt of olefins from CO2‐based methanol per year in one plant. But the currently available CO2 point sources with high CO2 concentrations of around 100 % are not sufficient to meet the CO2 requirement of an 800 kt a−1 methanol‐to‐olefins plant. If existing refineries are preferred due to existing infrastructure services, locations in the north of Cologne, in Lower Saxony, and in Brandenburg are particularly suitable. A full substitution of fossil olefins by CO2‐based olefins is possible in Germany. The challenge is to provide sufficient renewable electricity for the production of H2 with a low CO2 intensity.
Global environmental changes negatively impact temperate seagrass ecosystems
Authors: Perry Diana , Staveley Thomas , Deyanova Diana , Baden Susanne , Dupont Sam , Hernroth Bodil , Wood Hannah , Björk Mats , Gullström Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe oceans are increasingly affected by multiple aspects of global change, with substantial impacts on ecosystem functioning and food‐web dynamics. While the effects of single factors have been extensively studied, it has become increasingly evident that there is a need to unravel the complexities related to a multiple stressor environment. In a mesocosm experimental study, we exposed a simplified, multi‐trophic seagrass ecosystem (composed of seagrass, two shrimp species, and two intermediate predatory fish species) to three global change factors consisting of simulated storm events (Storms), heat shocks (Heat), and ocean acidification (OA), and the combination of all three factors (All). The most striking result indicated that when all factors were combined, there was a negative influence at all trophic levels, while the treatments with individual factors revealed species‐specific response patterns. It appeared, however, that single factors may drive the multi‐stressor response. All single factors (i.e., Storms, Heat, and OA) had either negative, neutral, or positive effects on fish and shrimp, whereas no effect was recorded for any single stressor on seagrass plants. The findings demonstrate that when several global change factors appear simultaneously, they can have deleterious impacts on seagrass ecosystems, and that the nature of factors and food‐web composition may determine the sensitivity level of the system. In a global change scenario, this may have serious and applicable implications for the future of temperate seagrass ecosystems.
Virgin Grape Seed Oil Alleviates Insulin Resistance and Energy Metabolism Disorder in Mice Fed a High‐Fat Diet
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Shen Yingbin , Zhu Jianhong , Xiao Junyong , Cong Renhuai , Zhang Hui , Wu Gangcheng , Qi Xiguang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the potential of virgin grape seed oil (VGSO) to improve insulin resistance and energy metabolism disorder in mice fed a high‐fat diet. The results show that respiratory exchange rate and energy consumption in mice can be increased by the administration of VGSO. Insulin resistance is significantly alleviated by VGSO, which can be attributed to its protective effect on hexokinase and α‐glucosidase activities and improvement in leptin resistance. The effect of refined grape seed oil (RGSO), RGSO reinforced with polyphenol, RGSO reinforced with unsaponifiables, and RGSO reinforced with polyphenol and unsaponifiables on oral glucose tolerance, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index are determined and compared. The results suggest that polyphenol may be the most critical factor for regulating insulin resistance. Specific linear and polynomial equations are provided to explain the correlation between insulin resistance, energy metabolism, and hyperlipidemia.Practical Applications: The effects of virgin grape seed oil (VGSO) on insulin resistance and energy metabolism disorder in mice fed a high‐fat diet were investigated. In addition, the key component in VGSO for regulating insulin resistance was preliminarily investigated. Furthermore, the correlations among fasting blood glucose, triglyceride/cholesterol concentration, and respiratory exchange rate/energy consumption/activity level were investigated. This research will provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional edible oil for high blood lipid, cholesterol, and diabetes patients.
Activation of alpha‐2 adrenergic receptors stimulates GABA release by astrocytes
Authors: Gaidin Sergei G. , Zinchenko Valery P. , Sergeev Alexander I. , Teplov Ilia Y. , Mal'tseva Valentina N. , Kosenkov Artem M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNorepinephrine is one of the key neurotransmitters in the hippocampus, but its role in the functioning of the neuroglial networks remains unclear. Here we show that norepinephrine suppresses NH4Cl‐induced oscillations of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in hippocampal neurons. We found that the inhibitory effect of norepinephrine against ammonium‐induced [Ca2+]i oscillations is mediated by activation of alpha‐2 adrenergic receptors. Furthermore, UK 14,304, an agonist of alpha‐2 adrenergic receptors, evokes a biphasic [Ca2+]i elevation in a minor population of astrocytes. This elevation consists of an initial fast, peak‐shaped [Ca2+]i rise, mediated by Giβγ subunit and subsequent PLC‐induced mobilization of Ca2+ from internal stores, and a plateau phase, mediated by a Ca2+ influx from the extracellular medium through store‐operated and TRPC3 channels. We show the correlation between the Ca2+ response in astrocytes and suppression of [Ca2+]i oscillations in neurons. The inhibitory effect of UK 14,304 is abolished in the presence of gallein, an inhibitor of Gβγ‐signaling. In turn, application of the agonist in the presence of the PLC inhibitor decreases the frequency and amplitude of [Ca2+]i oscillations in neurons but does not suppress them. The same effect is observed in the presence of bicuculline, a GABA(A) receptor antagonist. We demonstrate that UK 14,304 application increases the frequency and amplitude of slow outward chloride currents in neurons, indicating the release of GABA by astrocytes. Thus, our findings indicate that the activation of astrocytic alpha‐2 adrenergic receptors stimulates GABA release from astrocytes via Giβγ subunit‐associated signaling pathway, contributing to the suppression of neuronal activity.
Readmission treatment price and product quality in the hospital sector
Authors: Cellini Roberto , Lisi Domenico 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study the effect of readmission treatment payment in a dynamic framework characterised by competition among hospitals and sluggish beliefs of patients concerning the service quality. We find that the effect of readmission treatment payment depends on the interplay between the effect of quality in lowering readmissions and its effect on future demand. When the readmission occurrence strongly depends on the service quality, the higher the readmission treatment payment for hospitals, the lower the incentive to provide quality. Instead, when readmission depends barely on quality, the readmission payment acts as the treatment price for first admissions, and thus it reinforces the incentive to provide quality. We also show that the detrimental effect of readmission payments on quality are fed by a high degree of demand sluggishness, that is, by situation where current quality has modest effect on future demand changes. Our findings are robust to different equilibrium concepts of the differential game (i.e., open‐loop and state‐feedback). The results suggest that a discounted regulated price for readmission can be an effective (and cost‐free) policy tool to improve health care quality, especially when the market is characterised by sluggish beliefs about quality.
Tumor cell viability in salvage neck dissections: Poor prognosis predicted by high postradiation nodal SUVmax, p16‐negativity, and low nodal shrinkage
Authors: Rüegg Pascal , Morand Grégoire B. , Kudura Ken , Rupp Niels J. , Hüllner Martin W. , Broglie Martina A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAfter primary chemoradiation in advanced oropharyngeal, laryngeal, and/or hypopharyngeal cancer, nodal disease may require a salvage neck dissection. However, salvage neck dissection is associated with increased morbidity and may only be necessary in case of persistence of viable tumor cells, which can be difficult to confirm and virtually impossible to exclude by fine needle aspiration cytology. We, therefore, aimed to identify predictive factors for the persistence of viable tumor cells in lymph node metastases from head and neck squamous cell cancer after chemoradiation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of neck dissection specimens performed after primary (chemo‐)radiation for oropharyngeal, laryngeal, or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. All patients were treated at University Hospital Zurich from 2007 to 2016.ResultsA total of 78 patients were included. Thirty‐eight patients (48.7%) had viable tumor cells in their neck dissection sample. High postradiation nodal maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), p16 negativity, and low nodal shrinkage were predictors of viable tumor cells in salvage neck dissections (Mann‐Whitney U/chi‐squared test, P < .001, P = .025, and P = .042, respectively). Patients with viable tumor cells showed a significantly worse locoregional recurrence‐free survival, distant metastasis‐free survival, and disease‐specific survival (log‐rank test, P < .001).ConclusionsViable tumor cells can be predicted by high residual metabolic activity in the lymph nodes, negative p16 status, and low nodal shrinkage. Viable tumor cells in neck dissection specimens are associated with a poor survival and provide important prognostic information.
Age‐related changes in lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy Thai children
Authors: Lerkvaleekul Butsabong , Apiwattanakul Nopporn , Klinmalai Chompunuch , Hongeng Suradej , Vilaiyuk Soamarat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundEthnicity and environmental factors can influence the percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations. This study aimed to assess the percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations according to age in Thai children.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study. The percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations were measured in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood of healthy Thai children aged 1 month‐15 years. The participants were stratified into five age groups: (a) cord blood; (b) age < 2 years; (c) age 2‐5 years; (d) age 5‐10 years; and (e) age 10‐15 years.ResultsOf 182 total samples, 32, 39, 41, 28, and 42 were from cord blood, children aged <2 years, children aged 2‐5 years, children aged 5‐10 years, and children aged 10‐15 years, respectively. The percentages of most lymphocyte subpopulations including CD8 + T cells, CD19 + cells, γδ T cells, double‐negative T cells, NK cells, and NK T cells increased significantly with age. Only the CD4+ T‐cell percentage decreased in older children. Moderate correlations were observed between age and the percentages of CD4+ T cells, γδ T cells, NK cells, NK T cells, and double‐negative T cells. Weak correlations were observed between age and the percentages of CD8+ T cells and CD19+ cells.ConclusionOur study demonstrated age‐related changes in the percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations in Thai children, which differed from those described in other countries. Therefore, the establishment of age‐specific reference values for lymphocyte subsets in each country is recommended.
Nanoniosome‐encapsulated levoflaxicin as an antibacterial agent againstBrucella
Authors: Khan Sana , Akhtar Muhammad Usman , Khan Suhaib , Javed Farakh , Khan Abid Ali 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA study was conducted to examine the prevalence of brucellosis (in animal farms) in the vicinity of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. A total of 170 milk samples were collected randomly from several farmhouses. The collected milk samples were initially screened by a Brucella selective medium. The bacterial isolates grown on the selective medium were subjected to biochemical identification for further confirmation of Brucella species. Among the tested samples, 28 (16.4%) were found positive for selective medium and 14 (8.2%) were found positive after biochemical confirmation. The antimicrobial susceptibility of several antibiotics performed by the disc‐diffusion method did not yield any significant findings. Encapsulating antimicrobial drugs in unilamellar niosomes is an effective approach to treat the endemic infection. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of niosome‐encapsulated levofloxacin is compared with free drug. The drug‐encapsulating and empty niosomes were synthesized by using two surfactants Tween 80 and Span 40. Niosomal characterization included electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential. The encapsulation efficiency was found to be 78% and 74% for Span 40 and Tween 80 niosomes, respectively. The antibacterial activity of niosomal levofloxacin was evaluated against the identified Brucella species and the antimicrobial activity of the free drug was increased many folds after encapsulation. In this study, levofloxacin niosomes were successfully synthesized against Brucellosis.
Integration of Atomistic Simulation with Experiment Using Time−Temperature Superposition for a Cross‐Linked Epoxy Network
Authors: Khare Ketan S. , Phelan Frederick R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor glass‐forming polymers, direct quantitative comparison of atomistically detailed molecular dynamics simulations with thermomechanical experiments is hindered by the vast mismatch between the accessible timescales. Recently, the authors demonstrated the successful application of the time–temperature superposition (TTS) principle to perform such a comparison for the volumetric properties of an epoxy network. Here, the local translational dynamics of the same network is computationally followed‐up and studied. The mean squared displacement (MSD) and time‐scaling exponent trends of select atoms of the network are calculated over a temperature range that spans the glass transition. Using TTS, both trends collapse onto master curves that relate the reduced MSD and time‐scaling exponent to the reduced time at a reference temperature. Because the reduced time of these computational master curves extends to 109 s, they can be directly compared with experimental creep compliance for the same material from the literature. A quantitative comparison of the three master curves is performed to provide an integrated view that relates atomic‐level dynamics with macroscopic thermomechanics. The time‐shift factors needed for TTS in simulation show excellent agreement with experiment in the literature, further establishing the veracity of the approach.
Radionuclide spatial distribution and dose deposition for in vitro assessments of 212Pb‐αVCAM‐1 targeted alpha therapy
Authors: Frelin‐Labalme Anne‐Marie , Roger Thomas , Falzone Nadia , Quan Lee Boon , Sibson Nicola R. , Vallis Katherine A. , Bernaudin Myriam , Valable Samuel , Corroyer‐Dulmont Aurélien 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTargeted alpha therapy (TAT) takes advantage of the short‐range and high‐linear energy transfer of α‐particles and is increasingly used, especially for the treatment of metastatic lesions. Nevertheless, dosimetry of α‐emitters is challenging for the very same reasons, even for in vitro experiments. Assumptions, such as the uniformity of the distribution of radionuclides in the culture medium, are commonly made, which could have a profound impact on dose calculations. In this study we measured the spatial distribution of α‐emitting 212Pb coupled to an anti‐VCAM‐1 antibody (212Pb‐αVCAM‐1) and its evolution over time in the context of in vitro irradiations.MethodsTwo experimental setups were implemented without cells to measure α‐particle count rates and energy spectra in culture medium containing 15 kBq of 212Pb‐α‐VCAM‐1. Silicon detectors were placed above and below cell culture dishes for 20 h. One of the dishes had a 2.5‐µm‐thick mylar‐base allowing easy detection of the α‐particles. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to analyze experimental spectra. Experimental setups were modeled and α‐energy spectra were simulated in the silicon detectors for different decay positions in the culture medium. Simulated spectra were then used to deconvolute experimental spectra to determine the spatial distribution of 212Pb‐αVCAM‐1 in the medium. This distribution was finally used to calculate the dose deposition in cell culture experiments.ResultsExperimental count rates and energy spectra showed differences in measurements taken at the top and the bottom of dishes and temporal variations that did not follow 212Pb decay. The radionuclide spatial distribution was shown to be composed of a uniform distribution and concentration gradients at the top and the bottom, which were subjected to temporal variations that may be explained by gravity and electrostatic attraction. The absorbed dose in cells calculated from this distribution was compared with the dose expected for a uniform and static distribution and found to be 1.75 times higher, which is highly significant to interpret biological observations.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that accurate dosimetry of α‐emitters requires the experimental determination of radionuclide spatial and temporal distribution and highlighted that in vitro assessment of dose for TAT cannot only rely on a uniform distribution of activity in the culture medium. The reliability and reproducibility of future experiments should benefit from specifically developed dosimetry tools and methods.