bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Current State of the Consumer Credit Reporting System in China
Authors: Chen Mo , Grossklags Jens 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Chinese Social Credit System (SCS), known as the first national digitally-implemented credit rating system, consists of two parallel arms: a government-run and a commercial one. The government-run arm of the SCS, especially efforts to blacklist and redlist individuals and organizations, has attracted significant attention worldwide. In contrast, the commercial part has been less often in the public spotlight except for discussions about Zhima Credit.
The commercial arm of the SCS, also referred to as the Consumer Credit Reporting System (CCRS), has been under development for about two decades and took a major step forward in 2015 when 8 companies were granted permission to implement pilot consumer credit reporting programs. This development fundamentally increased the reach and impact of the SCS due to these companies’ sizable customer base and access to vast troves of consumer-related information.
In this paper, we first map the Chinese CCRS to understand the actors in the credit reporting ecosystem. Then, we study 13 consumer credit reporting companies to examine how they collect and use personal information. Based on the findings, we discuss the relationship between the CCRS and the SCS including the changes in the power relationships between the government, consumer credit reporting companies and Chinese citizens.
No boundaries: data exfiltration by third parties embedded on web pages
Authors: Acar Gunes , Englehardt Steven , Narayanan Arvind 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We investigate data exfiltration by third-party scripts directly embedded on web pages. Specifically, we study three attacks: misuse of browsers’ internal login managers, social data exfiltration, and whole-DOM exfiltration. Although the possibility of these attacks was well known, we provide the first empirical evidence based on measurements of 300,000 distinct web pages from 50,000 sites. We extend OpenWPM’s instrumentation to detect and precisely attribute these attacks to specific third-party scripts. Our analysis reveals invasive practices such as inserting invisible login forms to trigger autofilling of the saved user credentials, and reading and exfiltrating social network data when the user logs in via Facebook login. Further, we uncovered password, credit card, and health data leaks to third parties due to wholesale collection of the DOM. We discuss the lessons learned from the responses to the initial disclosure of our findings and fixes that were deployed by the websites, browser vendors, third-party libraries and privacy protection tools.
When Speakers Are All Ears: Characterizing Misactivations of IoT Smart Speakers
Authors: Dubois Daniel J. , Kolcun Roman , Mandalari Anna Maria , Paracha Muhammad Talha , Choffnes David , Haddadi Hamed 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Internet-connected voice-controlled speakers, also known as smart speakers, are increasingly popular due to their convenience for everyday tasks such as asking about the weather forecast or playing music. However, such convenience comes with privacy risks: smart speakers need to constantly listen in order to activate when the “wake word” is spoken, and are known to transmit audio from their environment and record it on cloud servers. In particular, this paper focuses on the privacy risk from smart speaker misactivations, i.e., when they activate, transmit, and/or record audio from their environment when the wake word is not spoken. To enable repeatable, scalable experiments for exposing smart speakers to conversations that do not contain wake words, we turn to playing audio from popular TV shows from diverse genres. After playing two rounds of 134 hours of content from 12 TV shows near popular smart speakers in both the US and in the UK, we observed cases of 0.95 misactivations per hour, or 1.43 times for every 10,000 words spoken, with some devices having 10% of their misactivation durations lasting at least 10 seconds. We characterize the sources of such misactivations and their implications for consumers, and discuss potential mitigations.
Practical Privacy-Preserving K-means Clustering
Authors: Mohassel Payman , Rosulek Mike , Trieu Ni 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClustering is a common technique for data analysis, which aims to partition data into similar groups. When the data comes from different sources, it is highly desirable to maintain the privacy of each database. In this work, we study a popular clustering algorithm (K-means) and adapt it to the privacypreserving context.Specifically, to construct our privacy-preserving clustering algorithm, we first propose an efficient batched Euclidean squared distance computation protocol in the amortizing setting, when one needs to compute the distance from the same point to other points. Furthermore, we construct a customized garbled circuit for computing the minimum value among shared values.We believe these new constructions may be of independent interest. We implement and evaluate our protocols to demonstrate their practicality and show that they are able to train datasets that are much larger and faster than in the previous work. The numerical results also show that the proposed protocol achieve almost the same accuracy compared to a K-means plain-text clustering algorithm.
COVID-19 could be the most frequent occupational disease in Romania in 2020
Authors: Oțelea Marina Ruxandra , Arghir Oana Cristina , Constantin Raluca , Rașcu Agripina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The definition of COVID-19 as occupational disease follows the investigation of any other occupational disease caused by an infectious agent. The risk is not equal for all occupations and the occupational physician has to assess the working conditions to conclude a diagnosis of occupational COVID-19. In the pandemic context, employees face also other occupational hazards. The high level of work load and the scarce resources lead to stress, physical and mental exhaustion and irregular sleep. The protection measures, of undisputable benefit, increase the risk for contact dermatitis. There is a high probability for medium and possible long term effects of COVID-19, such as the post-traumatic stress disorder or the respiratory sequelae. These consequences need to be acknowledged and properly manged by the medical team taking care of the patient. This review presents the main characteristics of the occupational related disorders during and after the current pandemia.
Unilateral frontal sinusitis with bilateral frontal lobe abscess
Authors: Sahoo Anjan Kumar , Singh Karandeep 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND. Complications of rhinosinusitis are rare due to the widespread use of antibiotics. The complications are most commonly seen in young adults due to the presence of highly vascular diploic veins and are relatively infrequent in the elderly population.

CASE REPORT. We present a case of a 70-year-old male admitted to ENT Outpatient Department with chief complain of fever, headache, blurring of vision. The cranio-cerebral MRI revealed fluid collection in the left frontal sinus and in the bilateral frontal lobes. A diagnosis of frontal sinusitis and bilateral frontal lobe abscess was established. We performed endoscopical surgical drainage of the frontal sinus, with pus evacuation and we administered broad-spectrum antibiotic and systemic corticosteroids therapy for 14 days.

CONCLUSION. Rhinosinusitis with intracranial complication in elderly people is scarce to find because of less chance of sinus and middle ear infection and also because of less vascular diploic veins. Also, there may be no history or previous symptoms of sinusitis. A high index of suspicion with early surgical and medical intervention are utmost important in the management of these patients.
Usage of microsatellite markers for characterization of polyploids: a case study in reference to hexaploid bamboo species
Authors: Meena Rajendra K. , Bhandari Maneesh S. , Ginwal Harish S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Microsatellite markers are most valuable tools for characterization of plant genetic resources or population genetic analysis. Since they are codominant and allelic markers, utilizing them in polyploid species remained doubtful. In such cases, microsatellite markers are usually analyzed by treating them as dominant marker. In the current study, it has been showed that despite of losing the advantage of co-dominance, microsatellite markers are still powerful tool for genotyping of polyploid species because of availability of large number of reproducible alleles per locus. It has been studied by genotyping of nineteen sub populations of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii (hexaploid bamboo species) with seventeen polymorphic SSR primer pairs. Among these, ten primers gave typical banding pattern of microsatellite marker as expected in diploid species but rest seven gave unusual pattern i.e. more than two bands per locus per genotype. In such case genotyping data are generally analyzed by considering as dominant markers. Given these facts, data were analyzed in both ways as dominant and codominant. All the seventeen primer were first scored as non-allelic data and analyzed; later ten primer pairs giving standard banding pattern were analyzed as allelic data and the results were compared. The UPGMA clustering and genetic structure showed that results obtained with both the data sets were very similar, and therefore the SSR marker could be utilized to characterize polyploid species by considering them as dominant marker. The study is highly useful to widen the scope of SSR markers applications and beneficial to the researchers dealing with polyploid species.
Nulla Libertarian Poena Sine NAP: Reexamination of Libertarian Theories of Punishment
Authors: Blasco Eduardo , Marcos David 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Libertarianism deals with what the law should be. In this article, we focus on what the appropriate law to punish criminals should be in a libertarian society; that is, one that respects the Non-Aggression Principle and property rights. We examine various theories of punishment and explain why some are incompatible with libertarianism. We contribute to the latest libertarian theory of punishment suggesting the necessity to take time preference into consideration. We conclude stating a limit and a limitation to libertarian punishment theories.
An Interpretative Model of the Evolution of Hoppe’s Argumentation Ethics
Authors: Maciel Lucas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article intends to be a simple guide to understand how Hoppe built the Argumentation Ethics. In my early studies of libertarian ideas, and of Argumentation Ethics in particular, I could not find a unique text that would explain how Hoppe put the necessary bricks together to build the Ethics. As I was curious about this issue, I assumed others would also like to know it. To write this article, I reviewed the main literature on Argumentation Ethics, starting with Kinsella’s Concise Guide [9]. Then, I interviewed Stephan Kinsella and Prof. Walter Block. Finally, I synthesized the main ideas from the literature and the interviews elaborating an interpretative model, presented in this article.
Fundamental Basis of COVID-19 Pathogenesis
Authors: Bolevich Sergey Brankovich , Litvitsky Peter Frantzevich , Grachev Sergei Vitalievich , Vorobyev Sergey Ivanovich , Orlova Alexandra Sergeevna , Fokina Marina Anatolievna , Novikov Alexei Alekseevich , Bolevich Stephani Sergeevna , Mikhaleva Anastasia Yurievna , Morozova Elena Mihailovna , Kartashova Maria Konstantinovna , Yavlieva Koka Hasbulatovna , Gudanovich Denis Vitalievich , Srejovic Ivan , Jakovljevic Vladimir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus infection occurred in the People’s Republic of China with an epicentre in the city of Wuhan. On February 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization assigned the official name of the infection caused by the new coronavirus – COVID-19. COVID-19 has affected people from all over the world given that the infection was noted in 200 countries resulting in annunciation of the pandemic situation. Human corona viruses cause mild to moderate respiratory infections. At the end of 2002, a new coronavirus appeared (SARS-CoV), the causal agent of atypical pneumonia, which caused acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The initial stage of COVID-19 infection is the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into target cells that have angiotensin converting enzyme type II receptors. The virus enters the body through the respiratory tract and interacts primarily with toll-like receptors (TLRs). The events in SARS-Cov-2 induced infection follow the next scenario: epithelial cells via TLRs recognize and identify SARS-Cov-2, and after that the information is transmitted to the transcriptional NF-κB, which causes expression of the corresponding genes. Activated in this way, the epithelial cells begin to synthesize various biologically active molecules. The results obtained on preclinical material indicate that ROS generation increases and the antioxidant protection decreases, which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV, as well as in the progression and severity of this respiratory disease.
Manipulation of Financial Statements Through the Use of Creative Accounting. Case of Romanian Companies
Authors: Safta Ioana-Lavinia , Achim Monica Violeta , Borlea Sorin Nicolae 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The manipulation of the information presented through financial statements could represent a significant red flag for suspected fraud. In our paper, we investigated the extent to which the Romanian companies resort to manipulation of information data presented through the reported annual financial statements. For this purpose, we used a group consisting of 62 non-financial companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange for the analyzed period 2017-2018. The results of our study show that a majority percentage of the Romanian companies (approx. 84%) resort to manipulation of information provided through financial statements. Following the analysis carried out by activity fields, the results show that the companies activating in the fields of tourism, constructions, trade and transport resort to the manipulation of financial statements in the percent of 100%, followed by the companies activating in the field of production (86%) and services (50%). Our results are extremely useful to the users of financial information who must acknowledge the risks that they are exposed to in their decision-making process.
Proposal of Traffic Service Rationalization on Zvolen – Šahy Railway Line
Authors: Gašparík Jozef , Dedík Milan , Vojtek Martin , Šperka Adrián 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Increasing population mobility and current trend of creating integrated passenger transport systems are opportunities for finding new possibilities to rationalization the railway passenger transport on those lines, where are no passenger trains or where the traffic service is not optimal nowadays. Precondition of reinstating the railway passenger transport is thorough potential passenger analysis, where there are actual geographic, demographic and transport characteristics of the region, where this line is situated. The contribution describes the passenger transport system, timetables rationalization and standards of traffic service in rail passenger transport. Consequently, according to these outputs and demographic and transport characteristic was proposed the rationalization of traffic service at Zvolen – Šahy transport route.
BOOKTUBERS E A INFLUÊNCIA LITERÁRIA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DO VLOG DA JU CIRQUEIRA
Authors: Pochmann Pâmela Da Silva , Menti Magali De Moraes 
Published: August 2020

RESUMOEste estudo teve como problema de pesquisa verificar como blogs/vlogs literários, enquanto meios de comunicação, podem influenciar a escolha leitora. Para isso, selecionou-se o vlog da Ju Cirqueira, blogueira do blog Nuvem Literária, para um estudo de caso. O objetivo geral foi identificar quais estratégias a blogueira utiliza que podem influenciar na escolha literária dos seus seguidores a partir de suas publicações/vídeos. Os objetivos específicos foram verificar as estratégias que a blogueira utiliza para transmitir suas mensagens e criar conexões, e se utiliza algum padrão em seus vídeos. Para tanto, abordou-se questões relacionadas à leitura, texto, práticas de leitura, formação de leitores e ato comunicativo. Os procedimentos metodológicos abrangeram uma parte quantitativa, em que foram destacados números de blogs existentes, perfil dos usuários e categorias de blogs, e uma parte qualitativa em que, por meio de categorização de análise proposta por Jeffman (2015) e de análise de conteúdo, examinou-se dez vídeos do canal da Ju Cirqueira. A partir dos dados coletados, pode-se ter uma amostragem de como são os blogs no Brasil, o perfil do público leitor de blogs e vlogs e características que fazem com que os booktubers fidelizem seus seguidores e, consequentemente, apresentem novas opções de leitura. Entre os padrões utilizados pela blogueira destacam-se a cultura do quarto, as estratégias de comunicação e a cultura de participação.Palavras-chave: Booktubers. Influência literária. Ju Cirqueira. Vlog. Formação do Leitor. ABSTRACTThis study aimed to verify how literary blogs/vlogs, as a means of communication, can influence te choice for reading. To this end, the vlog by Ju Cirqueira, blogger of the blog Nuvem Literária, was chosen for a case study. The goal of the survey was to look at how the blogger influences the literary choice of her followers, what strategies she uses to broadcast her messages and make connections, and whether she uses some pattern in her videos. The focus of the analysis was on concepts pertaining to reading, the text, reading practices, reader training and mass media. There were quantitative methodological procedures in which numbers of existing blogs, profile of users and categories of blogs were sought; followed by qualitative procedures carried out through categories of analysis and content analysis to look for patterns in ten videos of the channel of Ju Cirqueira. From the data collected, one can have a sampling of how blogs are in Brazil, the profile of the public readers of blogs and vlogs and characteristics that make booktubers loyal to their followers and, consequently, present new reading options. Among the different languages used in communication, we highlight the culture of the room, the communication strategies and the culture of participation.Keywords: Booktubers. Literacy influence. Ju Cirqueira. Literary Vlog. Formation of the reader.
UMA MODA PEDE LICENÇA À CORTE E ADENTRA OS SALÕES: O RENASCIMENTO TIRA A POESIA POPULAR IBÉRICA PARA DANÇAR
Authors: Aguiar Rafael Hofmeister de 
Published: August 2020

ResumoEste trabalho, apesar de não tratar diretamente com materiais orais, procura traçar princípios metodológicos para a documentação e análise da apropriação da lírica popular, de caráter eminentemente oral, nos chamados poetas cultos do Renascimento português. Para isso, a partir dos pressupostos de Frenk (2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2006d), investigo não só o processo histórico de valorização da lírica popular como, também, algumas técnicas de apropriação dessa lírica pelos poetas cultos. Após isso, volto-me para o mote de origem popular Coifa de beirame/Namorou Joane, desenvolvido tanto por Camões quanto por Caminha, para enfocar a movência dos versos populares durante o período renascentista, que circulavam nos salões aristocráticos na pena e na voz de diferentes poetas. Por fim, volto-me para a relação oralidade/escrita, além de elencar outras formas de apropriação da lírica popular a partir da pesquisa de Romeralo (1969). Perpassa todo o trabalho, todavia, mesmo que indiretamente, o objetivo de contribuir com instrumentos metodológico-analíticos para a verificação dos vestígios da lírica popular e tradicional na poesia designada como culta. Além dos trabalhos de Frenk e Romeralo, são importantes referenciais teóricos do artigo as contribuições de Lemaire (1987, 1992) e Zumthor (1993, 2010).Palavras-chave: Lírica popular. Renascimento. Poesia culta. Oralidade. Escrita. Metodologia. AbstractIn spite of not directly dealing with oral materials, this paper seeks to draw the methodological principles for documentation and analysis of popular lyric appropriation that by nature is oral, on the so called enlightened poets of the Portuguese Renaissance. To that end, beginning with the assumptions of Frenk (2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2006d) I look into not only the historical process of popular lyric appreciation but also some techniques of appropriation of this lyric by the enlightened poets. After that, I turn to the originally popular theme Coifa de beirame/Namorou Joane, developed by Camões and by Caminha to focus on the moving of the popular verses during the Renaissance period, that moved around in the aristocratic saloons of the different poets’ feathers and voices. At last, I turn to the oral/written relation, as well as listing other forms of popular lyric appropriation from Romeraldo’s research (1969). Even not directly, all along this paper the aim to contribute with methodological-analytical tools to verify the traces of the popular and traditional lyric in the designated enlightened poetry. Besides Frenk and Romeraldo’s works, Lemaire (1987, 1992) and Zumthor (1993, 2010) contributions are important theoretical references in this paper.Keywords: Popular lyric. Renaissance. Enlightened Poetry. Orality. Writing. Methodology.
Pros and Cons of the Globalization of the World Economy Impact on the Development of Accounting
Authors: Sharovatova E. A. 
Published: August 2020

The globalization of the modern economy imposes special requirements on national accounting systems with the focus on standardization of information summarizing methods in order to form unified accounting statements. Public companies seeking to become players on the global trade platform are forced to adopt the rules of the international accounting and reporting. This has certain implications for national accounting in different countries. The article offers a study of the alternative influence of the phenomenon of economic globalization on the development of modern accounting. Positive and negative factors of such influence which have already forever changed the quality of the accounting, (Russia included), are highlighted, meaning not only improvement of the methods of accounting information generalization but also changes in the very attitude to the accounting profession. It is concluded that the consequences of economic globalization for the countries participating in the world trade platform have led to a positive change in the quality of the accounting system as a whole. However, to maintain this trend, the participation of educational institutions and professional communities along with the state in the improvement of an accounting process is required.