bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic, social, and physiological resilience predict brain structure and cognitive performance in 9 - 10-year-old children
Authors: Gonzalez Marybel Robledo , Palmer Clare E. , Uban Kristina A. , Jernigan Terry L. , Thompson Wesley K. , Sowell Elizabeth R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile children with economic disadvantage are at risk for poorer outcomes in cognitive and brain development, less understood is the contribution of other factors in the broader socioeconomic context that may more closely index the underlying mechanisms influencing risk and resilience. We examined brain structure and cognitive test performance in association with economic disadvantage and 22 measures in the broader socioeconomic context among n = 8,158 demographically diverse 9-10-year-old children from the ABCD Study. Total cortical surface area and total cognition scores increased as a function of income-to-needs, with the steepest differences most apparent among children below and near poverty relative to their wealthier peers. We found three latent factors encompassing distinct relationships among our proximal measures, including social, economic, and physiological well-being, each associated with brain structure and cognitive performance independently of economic advantage. Our findings will inform future studies of risk and resilience in developmental outcomes for children with economic disadvantage.
Distinct Neural Signatures of Outcome Monitoring following Selection and Execution Errors
Authors: Mushtaq Faisal , McDougle Samuel D. , Craddock Matt P. , Parvin Darius E. , Brookes Jack , Schaefer Alexandre , Mon-Williams Mark , Taylor Jordan A. , Ivry Richard B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLosing a point in tennis could result from poor shot selection or faulty stroke execution. To explore how the brain responds to these different types of errors, we examined feedback-locked EEG activity while participants completed a modified version of a standard three-armed bandit probabilistic reward task. Our task framed unrewarded outcomes as either the result of errors of selection or errors of execution. We examined whether amplitude of a medial frontal negativity (the Feedback-Related Negativity; FRN) was sensitive to the different forms of error attribution. Consistent with previous reports, selection errors elicited a large FRN relative to rewards and amplitude of this signal correlated behavioral adjustment following these errors. A different pattern was observed in response to execution errors. These outcomes produced a larger FRN, a frontocentral attenuation in activity preceding this component, and a subsequent enhanced error positivity in parietal sites. Notably, the only correlations with behavioral adjustment were with the early frontocentral attenuation and amplitude of the parietal signal; FRN differences between execution errors and rewarded trials did not correlate with subsequent changes in behavior. Our findings highlight distinct neural correlates of selection and execution error processing, providing insight into how the brain responds to the different classes of error that determine future action.
Selection on a pleiotropic color gene block underpins early differentiation between two warbler species
Authors: Wang Silu , Rohwer Sievert , de Zwaan Devin R. , Toews David P. L , Lovette Irby J. , Mackenzie Jacqueline , Irwin Darren E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhen one species gradually splits into two, divergent selection on specific traits can cause peaks of differentiation in the genomic regions encoding those traits. Whether speciation is initiated by strong selection on a few genomic regions with large effects or by more diffused selection on many regions with small effects remains controversial. Differentiated phenotypes between differentiating lineages are commonly involved in reproductive isolation, thus their genetic underpinnings are key to the genomics architecture of speciation. When two species hybridize, recombination over multiple generations can help reveal the genetic regions responsible for the differentiated phenotypes against a genomic background that has been homogenized via backcrossing and introgression. We used admixture mapping to investigate genomic differentiation and the genetic basis of differentiated plumage features (relative melanin and carotenoid pigment) between hybridizing sister species in the early stage of speciation: Townsend’s (Setophaga townsendi) and Hermit warblers (S. occidentalis). We found a few narrow and dispersed divergent regions between allopatric parental populations, consistent with the ‘divergence with gene flow’ model of speciation. One of the divergent peaks involves three genes known to affect pigmentation: ASIP, EIF2S2, and RALY (the ASIP-RALY gene block). After controlling for population substructure, we found that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) inside the intron of RALY displays a strong pleiotropic association with cheek, crown, and breast coloration. In addition, we detect selection on the ASIP-RALY gene block, as the geographic cline of the RALY marker of this gene block has remained narrower than the plumage cline, which remained narrower than expected under neutral diffusion over two decades. Despite extensive gene flow between these species across much of the genome, the selection on ASIP-RALY gene block maintains stable genotypic and plumage difference between species allowing further differentiation to accumulate via linkage to its flanking genetic region or linkage-disequilibrium genome-wide.
Cytochrome cMdownscales photosynthesis under photomixotrophy inSynechocystissp. PCC 6803
Authors: Solymosi Daniel , Muth-Pawlak Dorota , Nikkanen Lauri , Fitzpatrick Duncan , Vasudevan Ravendran , Howe Christopher J. , Lea-Smith David J. , Allahverdiyeva Yagut 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhotomixotrophy is a metabolic state, which enables photosynthetic microorganisms to simultaneously perform photosynthesis and metabolism of imported organic carbon substrates. This process is complicated in cyanobacteria, since many, includingSynechocystissp. PCC 6803, conduct photosynthesis and respiration in an interlinked thylakoid membrane electron transport chain. Under photomixotrophy, the cell must therefore tightly regulate electron fluxes from photosynthetic and respiratory complexes. In this study, we show via characterization of photosynthetic apparatus and the proteome, that photomixotrophic growth results in a gradual reduction of the plastoquinone pool in wild-typeSynechocystis, which fully downscales photosynthesis over three days of growth. This process is circumvented by deleting the gene encoding cytochromecM(CytM), a crypticc-type heme protein widespread in cyanobacteria. ΔCytM maintained active photosynthesis over the three day period, demonstrated by high photosynthetic O2and CO2fluxes and effective yields of Photosystem II and Photosystem I. Overall, this resulted in a higher growth rate than wild-type, which was maintained by accumulation of proteins involved in phosphate and metal uptake, and cofactor biosynthetic enzymes. While the exact role of CytM has not been determined, a mutant deficient in the thylakoid-localised respiratory terminal oxidases and CytM (ΔCox/Cyd/CytM) displayed a similar phenotype under photomixotrophy to ΔCytM, demonstrating that CytM is not transferring electrons to these complexes, which has previously been suggested. In summary, the obtained data suggests that CytM may have a regulatory role in photomixotrophy by reducing the photosynthetic capacity of cells.One sentence summaryThe cryptic, highly conserved cytochrome cMcompletely blocks photosynthesis inSynechocystisunder three days of photomixotrophy, possibly by suppressing CO2assimilation.
Deep generative model embedding of single-cell RNA-Seq profiles on hyperspheres and hyperbolic spaces
Authors: Ding Jiarui , Regev Aviv 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSingle-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-seq) has become an invaluable tool for studying biological systems in health and diseases. While dimensionality reduction is a crucial step in interpreting the relation between cells based on scRNA-seq, current methods often are hampered by “crowding” of cells in the center of the latent space, biased by batch effects, or inadequately capture developmental relationships. Here, we introduced scPhere, a scalable deep generative model to embed cells into low-dimensional hyperspherical or hyperbolic spaces, as a more accurate representation of the data. ScPhere resolves cell crowding, corrects multiple, complex batch factors, facilitates interactive visualization of large datasets, and gracefully uncovers pseudotemporal trajectories. We demonstrate scPhere on six large datasets in complex tissue from human patients or animal development, demonstrating how it controls for both technical and biological factors and highlights complex cellular relations and biological insights.
The genomic underpinnings of oscillatory biomarkers supporting successful memory encoding in humans
Authors: Berto Stefano , Fontenot Miles , Seger Sarah , Ayhan Fatma , Caglayan Emre , Kulkarni Ashwinikumar , Douglas Connor , Tamminga Carol A. , Lega Bradley C. , Konopka Genevieve 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn humans, brain oscillations are thought to support critical features of memory formation such as coordination of activity across regions, consolidation, and temporal ordering of events. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlining this activity in humans remains a major challenge. Here, we measured memory-sensitive oscillations using direct intracranial electroencephalography recordings from the temporal cortex of patients performing an episodic memory task. By then employing transcriptomics on the resected tissue from the same patients, we linked gene expression with brain oscillations, identifying genes correlated with oscillatory signatures of memory formation across six frequency bands. A co-expression analysis isolated biomarker-specific modules associated with neuropsychiatric disorders as well as ion channel activity. Using single-nuclei transcriptomic data from this resected tissue, we further revealed that biomarker-specific modules are enriched for both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. This unprecedented dataset of patient-specific brain oscillations coupled to genomics unlocks new insights into the genetic mechanisms that support memory encoding. By linking brain expression of these genes to oscillatory patterns, our data help overcome limitations of phenotypic methods to uncover genetic links to memory performance.
A decision-time account of individual variability in context-dependent orientation estimation
Authors: Dekel Ron , Sagi Dov 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFollowing exposure to an oriented stimulus, the perceived orientation is slightly shifted, a phenomenon termed the tilt aftereffect (TAE). This estimation bias, as well as other context-dependent biases, is speculated to reflect statistical mechanisms of inference that optimize visual processing. Importantly, although measured biases are extremely robust in the population, the magnitude of individual bias can be extremely variable. For example, measuring different individuals may result in TAE magnitudes that differ by a factor of 5. Such findings appear to challenge the accounts of bias in terms of learned statistics: is inference so different across individuals? Here, we found that a strong correlation exists between reaction time and TAE, with slower individuals having much less TAE. In the tilt illusion, the spatial analogue of the TAE, we found a similar, though weaker, correlation. These findings can be explained by a theory predicting that bias, caused by a change in the initial conditions of evidence accumulation (e.g., prior), decreases with decision time (Dekel & Sagi, 2019b). We contend that the context-dependence of visual processing is more homogeneous in the population than was previously thought, with the measured variability of perceptual bias explained, at least in part, by the flexibility of decision-making. Homogeneity in processing might reflect the similarity of the learned statistics.HighlightsThe tilt aftereffect (TAE) exhibits large individual differences.Reduced TAE magnitudes are found in slower individuals.Reduced TAE in slower decisions can be explained by the reduced influence of prior.Therefore, individual variability can reflect decision making flexibility.
Inter-domain dynamics and fibrinolytic activity of matrix metalloprotease-1
Authors: Kumar Lokender , Planas-Iglesias Joan , Harms Chase , Kamboj Sumaer , Wright Derek , Klein-Seetharaman Judith , Sarkar Susanta K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe roles of protein conformational dynamics and allostery in function are well-known. However, the roles that inter-domain dynamics have in function are not entirely understood. We used matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP1) as a model system to study the relationship between inter-domain dynamics and activity because MMP1 has diverse substrates. Here we focus on fibrin, the primary component of a blood clot. Water-soluble fibrinogen, following cleavage by thrombin, self-polymerize to form water-insoluble fibrin. We studied the inter-domain dynamics of MMP1 on fibrin without crosslinks using single-molecule Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET). We observed that the distance between the catalytic and hemopexin domains of MMP1 increases or decreases as the MMP1 activity increases or decreases, respectively. We modulated the activity using 1) an active site mutant (E219Q) of MMP1, 2) MMP9, another member of the MMP family that increases the activity of MMP1, and 3) tetracycline, an inhibitor of MMP1. We fitted the histograms of smFRET values to a sum of two Gaussians and the autocorrelations to an exponential and power law. We modeled the dynamics as a two-state Poisson process and calculated the kinetic rates from the histograms and autocorrelations. Activity-dependent inter-domain dynamics may enable allosteric control of the MMP1 function.
Towards a new price discrimination strategy
Authors: Narwal Preeti , Nayak Jogendra Kumar 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) pricing multi-channel retailing. Specifically, the impact of PWYW endogenous price discrimination on consumers’ price fairness perception of and reactions to PWYW is investigated.Design/methodology/approachThree empirical studies with different product categories were conducted through lab experiments with student sample using scenario-based experimental approach.FindingsResults indicate the viability of PWYW with lower suggested external reference price. The impact of PWYW endogenous price discrimination is dependent upon the magnitude of price deviation from regular market price and product category. Consumers’ negative perceptions of price differentiation interacted with their underlying beliefs about the retailer’s cost of products across different channels. PWYW acceptance can be fostered in multi-channel by communication of additional-value generated in offline selling.Originality/valueThe current research is possibly the first to explore PWYW viability in the multi-channel context by exploring the consumer’s price perception process and critical consumer reactions through a well-structured research framework.
Variational h-adaption for coupled thermomechanical problems
Authors: Pethe Rohit , Heuzé Thomas , Stainier Laurent 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a variational mesh h-adaption approach for strongly coupled thermomechanical problems.

Design/methodology/approach
The mesh is adapted by local subdivision controlled by an energy criterion. Thermal and thermomechanical problems are of interest here. In particular, steady and transient purely thermal problems, transient strongly coupled thermoelasticity and thermoplasticity problems are investigated.

Findings
Different test cases are performed to test the robustness of the algorithm for the problems listed above. It is found that a better cost-effectiveness can be obtained with that approach compared to a uniform refining procedure. Because the algorithm is based on a set of tolerance parameters, parametric analyses and a study of their respective influence on the mesh adaption are carried out. This detailed analysis is performed on unidimensional problems, and a final example is provided in two dimensions.

Originality/value
This work presents an original approach for independent h-adaption of a mechanical and a thermal mesh in strongly coupled problems, based on an incremental variational formulation. The approach does not rely on (or attempt to provide) error estimation in the classical sense. It could merely be considered to provide an error indicator. Instead, it provides a practical methodology to adapt the mesh on the basis of the variational structure of the underlying mathematical problem.
Development of an auditing framework by integrating ISO 9001 principles within auditing
Authors: Abuazza Omran Ahmad , Labib Ashraf , Savage Barbara M. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop an auditing framework which would assist the organizations that experience difficulties with the current ISO 9001 quality audits to achieve their planned objectives with regard to their auditing of conformance, performance, risk management (RM) and improvement collectively.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review was conducted to develop a conceptual audit framework (CAF). Subsequently, a preliminary audit framework (PAF) was developed. It includes the questions that are based on the CAF and connected with the complaints of the concerned organization. This PAF was thoroughly tested and validated by performing 11 internal audits, 2 management reviews (MR) and 3 workshops.

Findings
Applying this PAF indicated that in order to help organizations to audit their performance, RM and improvement collectively, they need to: change their audit approach from ISO elements to ISO principles, integrate the tools that are related to ISO 9001 Principles within the audit’s phases, perform pre-audits in the form of self-auditing, induce auditors to learn all tools to determine the ideal tools for particular situation, audit each department in combination with its internal customer, involve their auditors in problem solving, perform MR prior to closing the audit and analyze the results of audits with their causes by using one of the appropriate qualitative methods, such as analysis by themes. Finally, an auditing framework was developed to meet these needs. It includes the PAF’s questions that led to the discovery of chronic and systematic audit findings. It enhances any ISO 9001 Quality Auditing Questionnaires Checklist.

Originality/value
This study enhances the role of auditors to include risk identification, problem solving and data analysis by development of an auditing framework that is based on ISO 9001 Principles rather than clauses.
Power distribution reforms
Authors: Sinha Praveer , Shankar Ravi , Vrat Prem , Mathur Shweta 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Distribution and retail supply of electricity is the most important cog in the power sector value chain. Despite several reforms, most of the Discoms are facing huge financial losses and resorting to a tariff hike which may not be a viable solution. The purpose of this paper is to analyze a case study of Tata Power Delhi Distribution Ltd (Tata Power-DDL) which inoculated itself against the financial ills, and demonstrates how a utility can nurture itself and manage the key stakeholder expectation with innovation, ethics, safety, transparency and agility being its cornerstone.

Design/methodology/approach
The study analyses the situation for Tata Power-DDL which needs to realign its strategy to meet emerging sustainability challenges. The case covers the aspect of strategic management, strategy formulation and change management system deployment using tools such as strength, weakness, opportunities, threat (SWOT), political economical social technological legal environment (PESTLE), critical success factor and key performance indicator cascade. It touches upon the emerging need for distribution utilities to look beyond economic signals and take social and environmental impacts into the strategy planning process.

Findings
It viewed the distribution business beyond its conventional responsibility of making power available to consumers and to provide quality service. A well thought out adaption and adoption of upgraded technology can be a game changer even for a market which is highly regulated and dominated by players in their respective defined territories.

Research limitations/implications
Since the sector is regulated and each utility has a pre-defined set of area of operation with no competition within its licensed area, hence, there is a limited application of applied strategy tools such as SWOT and PESTLE.

Practical implications
Since the sector is regulated and each utility has a pre-defined set of area of operation with no competition within its licensed area, hence, there is a limited application of applied strategy tools such as SWOT and PESTLE.

Originality/value
India as a market is evolving in energy space and utilities are still struggling to have a fundamental structure to meet the agenda of “power to all.” The paper provides the valuable insights into the process of environmental scanning and formulation of organizational strategy to meet the needs of existing and future energy markets.
Treatment selection for first‐line metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Australia: Impact of new therapy options
Authors: Schmidt Andrew , Azad Arun , Goh Jeffrey , Harris Carole , Joshua Anthony M. , Weickhardt Andrew , Krieger Laurence 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have provided an effective standard of care for the treatment of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Survival is prolonged with emergence of modern immuno‐oncology combination regimens. Prognostic risk assessment is essential for choosing between these therapies to determine the most appropriate first line treatment option, with selection based on International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium Risk Category. We review the current subsidized first line treatments for mRCC in Australia and consider the evidence for treatment selection and sequencing.