bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Reprogramming byIn UteroMaternal Benzene Exposure
Authors: Koshko Lisa , Debarba Lucas K. , Sacla Mikaela , de Lima Juliana M.B. , Didyuk Olesya , Fakhoury Patrick , Sadagurski Marianna 
Published: October 2020

SummaryEnvironmental chemicals play a significant role in the development of metabolic disorders, especially when exposure occurs early in life. We have recently demonstrated that benzene exposure, at concentrations relevant to a cigarette smoke, induces a severe metabolic imbalance in a sex-specific manner affecting male but not female mice. However, the roles of benzene in the development of aberrant metabolic outcomes following gestational exposure, remain largely unexplored. In this study, we exposed pregnant C57BL/6JB dams to benzene at 50 ppm or filtered air for 5 days/week (6h/day from gestational day 1 to birth) and studied male and female offspring metabolic phenotypes in their adult life. While no changes in body weight or body composition were observed between groups, 4-month-old male and female offspring exhibited reduced parameters of energy homeostasis (VO2, VCO2, and heat production). However, only male offspring from benzene-exposed dams were glucose intolerant and insulin resistant at this age. By six months of age, both male and female offspring displayed glucose and insulin intolerance, associated with elevated expression of hepatic gluconeogenesis and inflammatory genes. Additionally, this effect was accompanied by elevated insulin secretion and increased beta-cell mass only in male offspring. Thus, gestational benzene exposure can reprogram offspring for increased susceptibility to the metabolic imbalance in adulthood with differential sensitivity between sexes.
Genomic Similarity of Nucleotides in SARS CoronaVirus using K-Means Unsupervised Learning Algorithm
Authors: Singh Jairaj 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe drastic increase in the number of coronaviruses discovered and coronavirus genomes being sequenced have given us a great opportunity to perform genomics and bioinformatics analysis on this family of viruses. Coronaviruses possess the largest genomes (26.4 to 31.7 kb) among all known RNA viruses, with G + C contents varying from 32% to 43%. Phylogenetically, three genera, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus and Gammacoronavirus, with Betacoronavirus consisting of subgroups A, B, C were known to exist but now a new genus D also exists,namely the Deltacoronavirus. In such a situation, it becomes highly important for efficient classification of all virus data so that it helps us in suitable planning,containment and treatment. The objective of this paper is to classify SARS corona-virus nucleotide sequences based on parameters such assequence length,percentage similarity between the sequence information,open and closed gaps in the sequence due to multiple mutationsand many others.By doing this,we will be able to predict accurately the similarity ofSARS CoV-2virus with respect to other corona-viruses like the Wuhan corona-virus,the bat corona-virus and the pneumonia virus and would help us better understand about thetaxonomyof the corona-virus family.SUMMARYIn addition to the guidelines provided in the abstract above,the following points summarizes the article below:The article discusses an application of Machine Learning in the field of virology.It aims to classify the SARS CoV2 virus as per the already known sequences of the bat-coronavirus, the Wuhan Sea Food Market pneumonia virus and the Wuhan coronavirus.To solve and predict the similarity of the SARS CoV2 coronavirus w.r.t other viruses discussed above,K-Means Unsupervised LearningAlgorithm has been chosen.The data-set used isMN997409.1-4NY0T82X016-Alignment-HitTable.csvfound onwww.kaggle.com.(Complete link shared in the references section).[17]The results have been validated by using a simple data-correlation technique namelySpearman’s Rank Correlation Coeffecient.I have also discussed my future work usingDeep Neural Netsthat can help predict new virus sequences and effectively find similarity if any with already discovered viruses.
Host-pathogen co-existence incurs reproductive costs
Authors: Strubbe Diederik , Haesendonck Roel , Verbrugghe Elin , Lens Luc , Ducatelle Richard , Croubels Siska , Haesebrouck Freddy , Martel An , Pasmans Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWidespread endemism of host-adapted pathogens poses a heavy burden on animal and human health. Mechanisms underpinning long-term host pathogen co-existence and concurrent costs are poorly understood. We use infections in pigeons with pathogenic, pigeon adaptedSalmonellaTyphimurium to explain how host and pathogen trade-offs and benefits sustain long-term pathogen endemism. An experimentally infected group of pigeons that was studied for 15 months showed that pathogen persistence decreased host condition and reproductive success, but conferred protection againstSalmonella-induced clinical disease. The relevance of these findings was confirmed in nature, where this pathogen was shown to widely occur in feral pigeons (Columba livia), yet without clinical disease. Pathogen transmission and long-term persistence were associated with intermittent faecal shedding, which markedly increased during crop feeding and natural stress periods. Exploiting host specific traits in the presence of protective host population immunity thus facilitates long-term co-existence, be it at a significant reproductive cost.
A novel and conserved cell wall enzyme that can substitute for the Lipid II synthase MurG
Authors: Zhang L. , Ramijan K. , Carrión V.J. , van der Aart L.T , Willemse J. , van Wezel G.P. , Claessen D. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe cell wall is a stress-bearing structure and a unifying trait in bacteria. Without exception, synthesis of the cell wall involves formation of the precursor molecule Lipid II by the activity of the essential biosynthetic enzyme MurG, which is encoded in the division and cell wall synthesis (dcw) gene cluster. Here we present the discovery of a novel cell wall enzyme that can substitute for MurG. A mutant ofKitasatospora viridifacienslacking a significant part of thedcwcluster includingmurGsurprisingly produced Lipid II and wild-type peptidoglycan. Genomic analysis identified a distantmurGparalogue, which encodes a putative enzyme that shares only around 31% aa sequence identity with MurG. We show that this enzyme can replace the canonical MurG, and we therefore designated it MurG2. Orthologues ofmurG2are present in 38% of all genomes ofKitasatosporaeand members of the sister genusStreptomyces. CRISPRi experiments showed thatK. viridifaciens murG2can also functionally replacemurGinStreptomyces coelicolor, thus validating its bioactivity and demonstrating that it is active in multiple genera. Altogether, these results identify MurG2 as abona fideLipid II synthase, thus demonstrating plasticity in cell wall synthesis.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN μ-OPIOID REGULATION OF COERULEAR-CORTICAL TRANSMISSION
Authors: Guajardo Herminio M , Valentino Rita J 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTStress-induced activation of locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) projections to the prefrontal cortex is thought to promote cognitive responses to stressors. LC activation by stressors is modulated by endogenous opioids that serve to restrain LC activation and to facilitate a return to baseline activity upon stress termination. Sex differences in this opioid influence could be a basis for sex differences in stress vulnerability. Consistent with this, we recently demonstrated that μ-opioid receptor (MOR) expression is decreased in the female rat LC compared to the male LC and this was associated with sexually distinct consequences of activating MOR in the LC on cognitive flexibility. Given that the LC-NE system affects cognitive flexibility through its projections to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the present study quantified and compared the effects of LC-MOR activation on mPFC neural activity in male and female rats. Local field potential (LFPs) were recorded from the mPFC of freely behaving male and female rats before and following local LC microinjection of the MOR agonist, DAMGO or vehicle. Intra-LC DAMGO altered the LFP power spectrum selectively in male, but not female rats, resulting in a time-dependent increase in the power in delta and alpha frequency bands. LC microinfusion of ACSF had no effect in either sex. Together, the results are consistent with previous evidence for decreased MOR function in the female rat LC and demonstrate that this translates to a diminished effect on cortical activity that can account for sex differences in cognitive consequences. Decreased LC-MOR function in females could contribute to greater stress-induced activation of the LC, and increased vulnerability of females to hyperarousal symptoms of stress-related neuropsychiatric pathologies.
Expression ofTaTAR2.3-1B,TaYUC9-1andTaYUC10correlates with auxin and starch content of developing wheat grains
Authors: Kabir Muhammed Rezwan , Nonhebel Heather M. , Backhouse David , Winter Gal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe role of auxin in developing grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum) is contentious with contradictory reports indicating either positive or negative effects of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) on grain size. In addition, the contributions to the IAA pool from de novo synthesis via tryptophan, and from hydrolysis of IAA-glucose are unclear. Here we describe the first comprehensive study of tryptophan aminotransferase and indole-3-pyruvate mono-oxygenase expression during wheat grain development from 5 to 20 days after anthesis. A comparison of expression data with measurements of endogenous IAA via combined liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with heavy isotope labelled internal standards indicates that TaTAR2.3-1B, TaYUC9-A1, TaYUC9-B, TaYUC9-D1, TaYUC10-A and TaYUC10-D are primarily responsible for IAA production in developing grains. Furthermore, we show that IAA synthesis is controlled by genes expressed specifically in developing wheat grains as has already been reported in rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays). Our results cast doubt on the proposed role ofTHOUSAND-GRAIN WEIGHTgene,TaTGW6, in promoting larger grain size via negative effects on grain IAA content. The work onTaTGW6has overlooked the contribution of the dominant IAA biosynthesis pathway. Although IAA synthesis occurs primarily in the endosperm of wheat grains, we show that theTaYUC9-1group is also strongly expressed in the embryo. Within the endosperm,TaYUC9-1expression is highest in aleurone and transfer cells, supporting data from other cereals suggesting that IAA has a key role in differentiation of these tissues.
Onset of taste bud cell renewal starts at birth and coincides with a shift in SHH function
Authors: Golden Erin J. , Larson Eric D. , Shechtman Lauren A. , Trahan G. Devon , Gaillard Dany , Fellin Timothy J. , Scott Jennifer K. , Jones Kenneth L. , Barlow Linda A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEmbryonic taste bud primordia are specified as taste placodes on the tongue surface and differentiate into the first taste receptor cells (TRCs) at birth. Throughout adult life, TRCs are continually regenerated from epithelial progenitors. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling regulates TRC development and renewal, repressing taste fate embryonically, but promoting TRC differentiation in adults. Here we show TRC renewal initiates at birth and coincides with onset of SHHs pro-taste function. Using transcriptional profiling to explore molecular regulators of renewal, we identifiedFoxa1andFoxa2as potential SHH target genes in lingual progenitors at birth, and show SHH overexpression in vivo alters FOXA1 and FOXA2 expression relevant to taste buds. We further bioinformatically identify genes relevant to cell adhesion and cell locomotion likely regulated by FOXA1;FOXA2, and show expression of these candidates is also altered by forced SHH expression. We present a new model where SHH promotes TRC differentiation by regulating changes in epithelial cell adhesion and migration.
Intermediate Progenitor cells provide a transition between hematopoietic progenitors and their differentiated descendants
Authors: Spratford Carrie M. , Goins Lauren M. , Chi Fangtao , Girard Juliet R. , Macias Savannah N. , Ho Vivien W. , Banerjee Utpal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGenetic and genomic analysis inDrosophilasuggests that hematopoietic progenitors likely transition into terminal fates via intermediate progenitors (IPs) with some characteristics of either, but perhaps maintaining IP-specific markers. In the past, IPs have not been directly visualized and investigated due to lack of appropriate genetic tools. Here we report a split-GAL4construct,CHIZ-GAL4, that identifies IPs as cells physically juxtaposed between true progenitors and differentiating hemocytes. IPs comprise a distinct cell type with a unique cell-cycle profile and they remain multipotent for all blood cell fates. Additionally, through their dynamic control of the Notch ligand, Serrate, IPs specify the fate of direct neighbors. The Ras pathway controls the number of IP cells and promotes their transition into differentiating cells. The split-GAL4strategy is amenable for adoption in mammalian systems and would be invaluable in assigning trajectories that stem and progenitor populations follow as they develop into mature blood cells.
“We Need Psychological Support”: the information needs and seeking behaviors of African refugees in the United States
Authors: Hassan Musa Dauda , Wolfram Dietmar 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the information needs and seeking behaviors of African refugees in the Midwest United States. The research also investigates the sources participants consulted and their satisfaction with their information seeking and the information found.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative research study recruited 18 African refugees to participate in one or more data collection modes used in the study (questionnaire, interview, focus group). The data were analyzed using qualitative open, axial and selective coding approaches to identify themes.FindingsThe analysis of the data collected provides evidence that refugees had specific information needs centered on housing, health care, employment and education. They were not necessarily satisfied with the information they were able to find. Participants reported initially relying heavily on their caseworkers as sources of information when they first arrived in the United States until they were able to establish larger networks of contacts, which then expanded their information behaviors.Research limitations/implicationsThe number of participants and regional focus of the study do not allow for generalization of the findings to all African refugees in the United States. Still, the findings shed light on how to better serve the information needs of African refugees to help them adjust to life in their new environment.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study provide guidance for agencies that assist African refugees in adjusting to life in the United States.Originality/valueThis study represents one of the few investigations of the information needs and seeking behaviors of African refugees in the United States.
Understanding technology use through multimodal layers: a research review
Authors: Schnaider Karoline , Gu Limin , Rantatalo Oscar 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the use of digital technologies by teachers and students in teaching and learning from a multimodal layer perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe article reviews 64 studies on technology use. A content analysis based on the theoretical concepts of “multimodal layers” was used to synthesise previous research.FindingsThe findings indicate that the use of technology in classroom practices by teachers and students is multifaceted and that transitions exist between technologies and sign-systems and are differently related to sign-making activities and thus constitute different uses. Between layers, traces can be made that connect the use of technology to differences in sign-making activities.Practical implicationsA multimodal layer perspective on technology use is fruitful to understand what happens at the intersection of technology and human activities in school practices. Moreover, more attention to multimodal layers can inform future effective technology usage and design.Originality/valueThe review offers comprehensive insights on how previous research has studied technology using multimodal layers as an analytical lens.
The discrimination decomposition index: a new instrument to separate statistical and taste-based discrimination using first- and second-generation immigrants
Authors: Busetta Giovanni , Campolo Maria Gabriella , Panarello Demetrio 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis article deals with the impact of ethnic origin on individual employability, focussing on the first stage of the hiring process. Deeply, the authors’ goal is to fathom whether there is a preference for native job candidates over immigrants, decomposing the discrimination against minority groups into its statistical and taste-based components by means of a new approach.Design/methodology/approachThe authors built up a data set by means of an ad hoc field experiment, conducted by sending equivalent fictitious CVs in response to 1000 real online job openings in Italy. The authors developed the discrimination decomposition index using first- and second-generation immigrants.FindingsThe authors’ main result is that both first- and second-generation immigrants are discriminated compared to Italians. In between the two categories, second-generation candidates are discriminated especially if their ethnicities are morphologically different from those of natives (i.e. Chinese and Moroccans). This last finding is a clear symptom of discrimination connected to taste-based reasons. On the other hand, first-generation immigrants of all nationalities but Germans are preferred for hard-work jobs.Originality/valueThe authors develop the discrimination decomposition index to measure the proportion of the two kinds of discrimination (statistical and taste-based) over the total one and apply a probit model to test the statistical significance of the difference in treatment between the three groups of natives, first-generation and second-generation immigrants.
A review on textual analysis of corporate disclosure according to the evolution of different automated methods
Authors: Chakraborty Bijitaswa , Bhattacharjee Titas 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to give a comprehensive review and synthesis of automated textual analysis of corporate disclosure to show how the accuracy of disclosure tone has been incremented with the evolution of developed automated methods that have been used to calculate tone in prior studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This study have conducted the survey on “automated textual analysis of corporate disclosure and its impact” by searching at Google Scholar and Scopus research database after the year 2000 to prepare the list of papers. After classifying the prior literature into a dictionary-based and machine learning-based approach, this study have again sub-classified those papers according to two other dimensions, namely, information sources of disclosure and the impact of tone on the market.

Findings
This study found literature on how value relevance of tone is varied with the use of different automated methods and using different information sources. This study also found literature on the impact of such tone on market. These are contributing to help investor’s decision-making and earnings and returns prediction by researchers. The literature survey shows that the research gap lies in the development of methodologies toward the calculation of tone more accurately. This study also mention how different information sources and methodologies can influence the change in disclosure tone for the same firm, which, in turn, may change market performance. The research gap also lies in finding the determinants of disclosure tone with large scale data.

Originality/value
After reviewing some papers based on automated textual analysis of corporate disclosure, this study shows how the accuracy of the result is incrementing according to the evolution of automated methodology. Apart from the methodological research gaps, this study also identify some other research gaps related to determinants (corporate governance, firm-level, macroeconomic factors, etc.) and transparency or credibility of disclosure which could stimulate new research agendas in the areas of automated textual analysis of corporate disclosure.
The German health care Innovation Fund – An incentive for innovations to promote the integration of health care
Authors: Berghöfer Anne , Göckler Denes G. , Sydow Jörg , Auschra Carolin , Wessel Lauri , Gersch Martin 
Published: October 2020

PurposeMany health systems face challenges such as rising costs and lacking quality, both of which can be addressed by improving the integration of different health care sectors and professions. The purpose of this viewpoint is to present the German health care Innovation Fund (IF) initiated by the Federal Government to support the development and diffusion of integrated health care.Design/methodology/approachThis article describes the design and rationale of the IF in detail and provides first insights into its limitations, acceptance and implementation by relevant stakeholders.FindingsIn its first period, the IF offered € 1.2 billion as start-up funding for model implementation and evaluation over a period of four years (2016–2019). This period was recently extended to a second round until 2024, offering € 200 million a year as from 2020. The IF is triggering the support of relevant insurers for the development of new integrated care models. In addition, strict evaluation requirements have led to a large number of health service research projects which assess structural and process improvements and thus enable evidence-based policy decisions.Originality/valueThis article is the first of its kind to present the German IF to the international readership. The IF is a political initiative through which to foster innovations and promote integrated health care.