bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Intestinotrophic Effects of 2 Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐2 Analogues in the Treatment of Short‐Bowel Syndrome in Neonatal Piglets
Authors: Pauline Mirielle L. , Nation Patrick N. , Wizzard Pamela R. , Hinchliffe Tierah , Wu Tong , Dimitriadou Violetta , Turner Justine M. , Wales Paul W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn treating short‐bowel syndrome (SBS), autonomy from parenteral nutrition (PN) relies upon intestinal adaptation, which can be augmented by glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2) analogues. In neonatal piglets with SBS, we compared intestinal adaptation following treatment with 2 GLP‐2 analogues: teduglutide (TED) and apraglutide (APRA)MethodsFollowing 75% distal small‐intestinal resection, piglets were allocated to 4 treatment groups: saline (CON: n = 8), twice weekly APRA (5 mg/kg/dose; n = 8), and TED once daily (TED, 0.05 mg/kg/dose; n = 8) or twice daily (TEDBID, 0.05 mg/kg/dose; n = 7). Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were undertaken, and on day 7, small‐intestinal length and weight were measured and jejunal tissue collected for histology.ResultsPK profiles were different between the 2 analogues. To achieve a comparable exposure to APRA, TED requires twice daily injection (TEDBID). Compared with CON, APRA and TEDBID increased small‐bowel length (cm) (CON: 141, APRA: 166, TED: 153, TEDBID: 165; P = .004), whereas APRA increased small‐bowel weight (g) (CON: 26, APRA: 33, TED: 28, TEDBID: 31; P = .007) and villus height (mm) (CON: 0.59, APRA: 0.90, TED: 0.58, TEDBID: 0.74; P < .001).ConclusionAPRA injected only twice during the 7 consecutive days demonstrated a superior intestinotrophic effect compared with TED injected once daily. Even at more comparable drug exposure, when TED was injected twice a day, APRA showed superior trophic activity at the mucosal level. This is highly relevant for the treatment of pediatric SBS, given the markedly lower dose frequency by subcutaneous injection of APRA.
Sequence of biologic therapies and surgery affects survival in non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Edison , David Elizabeth A. , Ding Li , Atay Scott M. , McFadden Paul M. , Wightman Sean C. , Kim Anthony W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBiologic therapy is changing the landscape of lung cancer treatment. The objectives of this study were to compare overall survival (OS) between patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing neoadjuvant and adjuvant biologic therapy in combination with surgery and to evaluate the impact of chemotherapy on survival after combination biologic therapy and surgery.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for cases of NSCLC from 2004 to 2016. Patient treatment was categorized into neoadjuvant and adjuvant biologic therapy in combination with surgery. Kaplan‐Meier curves were generated to compare OS between treatment groups and between those who did and did not also undergo chemotherapy. Cox regression was used to identify factors predictive of OS.ResultsSix hundred seventy‐three patients underwent both biologic therapy and surgery. The unadjusted overall 5‐year OS was longer for patients undergoing neoadjuvant biologic therapy than for those undergoing adjuvant biologic therapy (P = .006), with OS being 56.2% and 33.0%, respectively. When comparing OS between those who did and did not undergo additional chemotherapy, no difference was observed.ConclusionsNeoadjuvant biologic therapy was associated with longer OS than adjuvant biologic therapy. Chemotherapy did not have an effect on OS when combined with biologic therapy and surgery.
Evaluation inhibitory activity of catechins on trypsin by capillary electrophoresis–based immobilized enzyme microreactor with chromogenic substrate
Authors: Zhang Hao , Lu Min , Jiang Hui , Wang Xu , Yang Feng‐Qing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, a capillary electrophoresis‐based online immobilized enzyme microreactor was developed for evaluating the inhibitory activity of green tea catechins and tea polyphenol extracts on trypsin. The immobilized trypsin activity and other kinetic parameters were evaluated by measuring the peak area of the hydrolyzate of chromogenic substrate S‐2765. The results indicated that the activity of the immobilized trypsin remained approximately 90.0% of the initial immobilized enzyme activity after 30 runs. The value of Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) was (0.47 ± 0.08) mM, and the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and inhibition constant (Ki) of benzamidine were measured as 3.34 and 3.00 mM, respectively. Then, the inhibitory activity of four main catechins (epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate) and three tea polyphenol extracts (green tea, white tea, and black tea) on trypsin were investigated. The results showed that four catechins and three tea polyphenol extracts had potential trypsin inhibitory activity. In addition, molecular docking results illustrated that epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin were all located not only in the catalytic cavity, but also in the substrate‐binding pocket of trypsin. These results indicated that the developed method is an effective tool for evaluating inhibitory activity of catechins on trypsin.
Feasibility and Accuracy of Tele‐Echocardiography, With Examinations by Nurses and Interpretation by an Expert via Telemedicine, in an Outpatient Heart Failure Clinic
Authors: Hjorth‐Hansen Anna Katarina , Andersen Garrett Newton , Graven Torbjørn , Gundersen Guri Holmen , Kleinau Jens Olaf , Mjølstad Ole Christian , Skjetne Kyrre , Stølen Stian , Torp Hans , Dalen Håvard 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo study the feasibility and accuracy of focused echocardiography by nurses supported by near–real‐time interpretation via telemedicine by an experienced cardiologist.MethodsFifty consecutive patients were included from an outpatient heart failure (HF) clinic. Limited echocardiography was performed by 1 of 3 specialized nurses. The echocardiograms were transferred by a secure transfer model for near–real‐time interpretation to 1 out‐of‐hospital cardiologist, assessing, among others, the left ventricular (LV) internal diameter, end‐diastolic volume, ejection fraction, left atrial (LA) indexed end‐systolic volume, mitral early inflow velocity (E), the ratio of E to mitral late inflow, and the ratio of E to the mitral annular early diastolic velocity. The reference method was echocardiography by 1 of 4 experienced cardiologists.ResultsThe median age of the population (46% women) was 79 (range, 33–95) years. The assessment and quantification of LA and LV dimensions, volumes, and functional indices were feasible in 94% or more via the telemedical approach. The agreement with reference measurements was very high by the telemedical approach. The mean duration ± SD of the complete telemedical approach from the start of echocardiography until the cardiologist's report was received by the caregiving nurse was 1.32 ± 0.36 (range, 1.58) hours. The correlations with reference to the above‐specified indices were r = 0.75 to 0.94.ConclusionsLimited echocardiography by nurses in an outpatient heart failure clinic, supported by interpretation by an out‐of‐hospital cardiologist, was feasible and reliable. This may reduce geographic disparities and allow more patients to benefit from the advantages of implementing focused echocardiography by noncardiologists in diagnostics and follow‐up.
Design of a beam scanning metamaterial antenna with polarization transform for high‐power microwave application
Authors: Zhao Xuhao , Yuan Chengwei , Zhang Jiande , Zhang Qiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn all‐metal beam scanning metamaterial antenna with polarization transform based on the concept of Risley prism is presented in this paper. The antenna is composed of a feed source and three different all‐metal metamaterial lenses. Each lens consists of numerous cross‐slot metamaterial elements. A full transmission phase range of 360° can be achieved for a transmission efficiency over 99% at 14.25 GHz by rotating the cross‐slot on the element. Mechanically rotating the three lenses along the same axis can steer the radiation beam in both azimuth and elevation planes. The simulation results agree well with the theoretical analysis which indicates that the metamaterial antenna can realize a beam scanning range of 120° revolving cone angle with the side lobe better than −13 dB. During the scanning, the directivity of the antenna varies from 34.82 dBi to 37.84 dBi, with the aperture efficiency in the range of 38%‐76%. For the radiated circular polarized (CP) plane wave beam, the beam width remains below 4° and the axial ratio is basically better than −5 dB. Furthermore, the power handling capacity of the metamaterial antenna in this paper is gigawatt (GW) class, which can be applied in the field of high‐power microwave (HPM).
A K‐band fully differential 4‐channel transmitter IC in 65 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Park Jeongsoo , Kim Jinhyun , Kim Jeong‐Geun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA K‐band 4‐channel transmitter IC with fully differential architecture is presented in this paper for beamforming phased‐array system. This IC uses commercial 65 nm CMOS technology. The major building blocks of this IC are 3‐stage medium power amplifiers (MPAs) with resistive feedback network to control the gain, 6‐bit phase shifter with tuning bit, 15 dB attenuators, 4‐way power divider consisting switches, and a Marchand balun. All above components are designed by differential architecture. The cross‐connected switch type 180° phase shifter and the differential 4‐way power divider is implemented for low insertion loss and small chip size compared with its conventional switched type phase shifter and three differential 2‐way power dividers, respectively. This TX IC has −5 dB overall gain at 21‐23 GHz. Furthermore, it also available phase shifting of 360° with 5.6° step and attenuating of 29 dB with 1 dB step at 21‐23 GHz, respectively. The RMS phase errors and the RMS amplitude error are achieved <3° and <1 dB at 21‐23 GHz, respectively. The achieved P1dB and saturation power (PSAT) of this TX IC are >0 dB m and >6 dB m, respectively. The 4‐channel TX IC consumes 140 mA of DC current at 2.5 V supply voltage. The overall dimension of 4‐channel TX IC is 3 × 1 mm2.
Current Practices Using Pediatric Malnutrition Indicators: A Survey of Dietitians Working in Pediatrics
Authors: Bellini Sarah Gunnell , Becker Patricia J. , Carney Liesje Nieman , Green Corkins Kelly , Medico Tegan , Van Poots Holly Anne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn 2014, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition recommended indicators to identify malnutrition in children aged 1 month to 18 years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate current practices and the effectiveness of the consensus statement–recommended pediatric malnutrition indicators.MethodsA cross‐sectional electronic survey link was posted in the Pediatric Nutrition Practice Group (subscribers = 3160) and Clinical Nutrition Management Practice Group's Pediatric Subunit (subscribers = 177) community discussion boards. Additionally, flyers with the survey link were distributed to registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) currently working in pediatrics at the 2018 Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo. Frequencies described participant characteristics, awareness of indicators, and use of indicators. Researchers used the Fisher exact test to determine associations between categorical variables.ResultsTwo hundred eighty‐one surveys were included in data analysis. A majority of RDNs (88.6%) reported they knew the indicators existed and considered themselves knowledgeable about the indicators. Weight loss was the most frequently used indicator, with 224 RDNs (80%) reporting use as often or always. Mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) was the least used indicator with only 68 RDNs (25%) using it often or always. Most RDNs (71.5%) reported that their facility used International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes to document malnutrition.ConclusionRDNs working with pediatric populations consistently use the recommended malnutrition indicators; however, further education is needed on the appropriate use of MUAC and length/height per age as malnutrition indicators.
Data‐driven physics‐based digital twins via a library of component‐based reduced‐order models
Authors: Kapteyn M.G. , Knezevic D.J. , Huynh D.B.P. , Tran M. , Willcox K.E. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis work proposes an approach that combines a library of component‐based reduced‐order models with Bayesian state estimation in order to create data‐driven physics‐based digital twins. Reduced‐order modeling produces physics‐based computational models that are reliable enough for predictive digital twins, while still being fast to evaluate. In contrast with traditional monolithic techniques for model reduction, the component‐based approach scales efficiently to large complex systems, and provides a flexible and expressive framework for rapid model adaptation—both critical features in the digital twin context. Data‐driven model adaptation and uncertainty quantification are formulated as a Bayesian state estimation problem, in which sensor data are used to infer which models in the model library are the best candidates for the digital twin. This approach is demonstrated through the development of a digital twin for a 12‐ft wingspan unmanned aerial vehicle. Offline, we construct a library of pristine and damaged aircraft components. Online, we use structural sensor data to rapidly adapt a physics‐based digital twin of the aircraft structure. The data‐driven digital twin enables the aircraft to dynamically replan a safe mission in response to structural damage or degradation.
Discontinuous deformation analysis handling vertex‐vertex contact based on principle of least effort
Authors: Fan Huo , Huang Duruo , Wang Gang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study establishes an innovative discontinuous deformation analysis by solving the problem of frictional and cohesive contact using an implicit cone complementary formulation. In order to handle singularity associated with the vertex‐vertex contact, resistances to motion trend are firstly estimated by introducing the concepts of total and partial contact forces. Based on principle of least effort, the vertex‐vertex contact can be converted to a corresponding vertex‐edge contact properly. In addition, unnecessary vertex‐vertex contacts can be identified. The numerical scheme fully exploits geometric and dynamic conditions of the polygonal block system. As a result, determination of motion trend in the block system is penalty‐free without being affected by the time step. The advantages and application prospects of the presented dynamic framework are demonstrated by using several benchmark examples.
Predictors of physical activity following gestational diabetes: Application of health action process approach
Authors: Mohammadi Zeidi Banafsheh , Kariman Nourossadat , Kashi Zahra , Mohammadi Zeidi Isa , Alavi Majd Hamid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimRegular physical activity can reduce the chance of developing type 2 diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes. The present study investigated the relationship between the constructs of the health action process approach and regular physical activity in women with a history of gestational diabetes.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 150 women who had given birth 6–24 months prior to the study and had experienced gestational diabetes in their recent pregnancy were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected from December 2018 to May 2019 using a researcher‐made questionnaire including constructs of health action process approach.ResultsThe common fit indices revealed that health action process approach had an acceptable fit to the observations (root mean square error of approximation = 0.054, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.95, comparative fit index = 0.955). The model's constructs predicted 48% of intention variance and 35% of physical activity variance. Action self‐efficacy and coping planning were the most important predictors of intention and behaviour, respectively.
Childhood central nervous system tumors and leukemia: Incidence and familial risk. A comparative population‐based study in Utah and Norway
Authors: Del Risco Kollerud Ruby , Cannon‐Albright Lisa A. , Haugnes Hege S. , Ruud Ellen , Thoresen Magne , Nafstad Per , Blaasaas Karl Gerhard , Næss Øyvind , Claussen Bjørgulf 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we aimed to evaluate incidence rates and family risk of the most common childhood cancers, tumors in the central nervous system (CNS), and leukemia among individuals from Norway and individuals with Scandinavian ancestry living in Utah.MethodsWe used the Utah Population Database and the Norwegian National Population Register linked to Cancer registries to identify cancers in children born between 1966 and 2015 and their first‐degree relatives. We calculated incidence rates and hazards ratios.ResultsThe overall incidence of CNS tumors increased with consecutive birth cohorts similarly in Utah and Norway (bothP< 0.001). Incidence rates of leukemia were more stable and similar in both Utah and in Norway with 4.6/100 000 person‐years among children (<15 years) born in the last cohort. A family history of CNS tumors was significantly associated with risk of childhood CNS tumors in Utah HR = 3.05 (95% CI 1.80‐5.16) and Norway HR = 2.87 (95% CI 2.20‐3.74). In Norway, children with a first‐degree relative diagnosed with leukemia had high risk of leukemia (HR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.61‐3.55).ConclusionDespite geographical distance and assumed large lifestyle differences, two genetically linked pediatric populations show similar incidences of CNS tumors and leukemia in the period 1966–2015. CNS tumors and leukemia aggregated in families in both countries.
Withering corolla remains on the calyx tube enhance reproductive success in Oxalis stricta L.
Authors: Imamura Akio , Hariu Kota 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeveral flower traits can affect plant reproductive fitness via pollinator attraction, herbivory defense, and thermal regulation of the pistil. In this study, we focus on thermal regulation of the pistil after flowering. We experimentally investigated the functional significance of the withering corollas that remain attached to the calyx tubes of Oxalis stricta L. We studied thermal regulation of the pistil by removing corollas and comparing the plants with and without corollas, under regulated dark and light periods, with an ambient temperature during the dark period lower than that during the light period. In plants lacking corollas, the pistil temperature was significantly lower than in control plants (with intact corollas) by approximately 2°C. Although fruit set in the corolla‐removed plants was not significantly different from that in control plants, the temperature threshold for 50% fruition in the corolla‐removed plants was significantly higher than that in the controls. Furthermore, the seed number, total seed weight, and single‐grain weight were significantly lower in the corolla‐removed plants than in control plants. The estimated annual number of reproductive cycles (from June to October), total seed number, and total seed weights were also lower in corolla‐removed plants. These findings indicate that the withering corolla remains play a role in thermoregulation of the pistil, and thereby enhance reproductive success. Our study is the first to validate one of the assumed ecological roles of the withering remains of plant corollas.
RNAi of AGAMOUS genes in sweetgum alters reproductive organ identity and decreases fruit persistence
Authors: Klocko Amy L. , Brunner Amy M. , Ma Cathleen , Etherington Elizabeth , Rosenstiel Kori , Magnuson Anna , Taylor Barbara J. , Cappellazzi Jed , Lockwood Thomas , Covarrubias Nichole , Bao Manzhu , Morrell Jeffrey J. , Strauss Steven H. , Bao Manzhu , Covarrubias Nichole 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSweetgums (Liquidambar), members of the family Altingiaceae (Altingiales), have inflorescences and floral organs that are distinctive in structure compared with other angiosperms in which the roles of floral homeotic genes have been studied. To begin to understand the role of AGAMOUS (AG)—a floral homeotic gene that has a major role in stamen and carpel development—in development of the monosexual flowers of sweetgum, we used RNAi to reduce the expression of two members of the AG subfamily. Because AG suppression should induce floral sterility, RNAi might also provide a tool to mitigate the risks of invasiveness—and to reduce the production of its nuisance fruits or allergenic pollen—when sweetgum is used as an exotic shade or forest tree. We tested 33 independent transgenic events and non‐transgenic controls during 10 years in the field. The RNAi‐AG sweetgum trees maintained normal growth, phenology, and vivid fall coloration during the 10 years of study, but 8 insertion events had highly modified inflorescence and floral morphology. The modified flowers had anthers and carpels that were converted to flat leaf‐like structures lacking pollen grains and ovules, respectively. The female inflorescences developed into dry papery structures that failed to produce seeds. These infructescences were smaller than control infructescences, and lost a greater percentage of biomass in a controlled decay assay. RNAi against AG genes was highly effective at impairing fertility and modifying reproductive development without significant vegetative effects in sweetgum and gave phenotypes distinct from, but similar to, that of AG loss of function in other angiosperms.
Comparisons of stable isotope composition among tissues of green turtles
Authors: Vanderklift Mathew A. , Pillans Richard D. , Robson Natalie A. , Skrzypek Grzegorz , Stubbs Jessica L. , Tucker Anton D. 
Published: May 2020

RationaleEcologists often need to make choices about what body parts (tissues or organs) of an animal to sample. The decision is typically guided by the need to treat animals as humanely as possible, as well as the information that different body parts can provide. When using stable isotopes, decisions are also influenced by whether specimens would require preservation, and whether they have properties (such as high lipid concentrations) that would influence measurements. Sometimes we cannot use a preferred tissue (for example, because of ethical or logistical constraints), and in such cases an ability to reliably predict stable isotope composition for one tissue from data yielded by another would be useful.MethodsIn this study we analysed multiple tissues (skin, whole blood, red blood cells, plasma and nail) from green turtles (Chelonia mydas) to evaluate variation in C:N ratios, and test hypotheses about the intercept and slope of regressions of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions among tissues.ResultsRegression models revealed that linear relationships were present for most comparisons, except those involving the δ13C of skin, and the slopes (β1) of most regressions were different from unity. The C:N ratios of skin were significantly higher and more variable than those of other tissues. The δ13C and δ15N of nail were highly correlated with those of the whole blood, red blood cells and plasma. Nail and red blood cells showed low variation in C:N.ConclusionsThe patterns in slopes of regressions indicate that comparisons of measurements yielded by different tissues of wild animals are complicated by the fact that the tissues are unlikely to be in isotopic equilibrium with their diet. Of the tissues used in this study, nail is simple to collect, requires minimal disturbance to the animal and no special preservation; these traits should make it attractive to turtle ecologists, but more information is needed on aspects such as growth rates.