bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static analysis of vertically loaded pile group in multilayered transversely isotropic soils
Authors: Ai Zhi Yong , Chen Yuan Feng , Jiang Xiao Bin 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this paper, a coupling approach is presented to study the static responses of vertically loaded pile group embedded in multilayered transversely isotropic soils. The individual pile in pile group is modeled by the finite element method, while the analytical layer‐element method is applied to represent the soil's behavior. Then, the interaction equation of piles and soils is obtained by considering the force equilibrium and displacement compatibility conditions and solved by a FORTRAN program. The results computed by the proposed approach compare favorably with those from some existing solutions and field test. Some typical parametric analysis cases are investigated to study the effect of soil anisotropy, pile stiffness ratio, and pile spacing on the behavior of vertically loaded pile group.
Safety and Tolerance of Enteral Nutrition in the Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patient Receiving Vasopressors
Authors: Sabino Kim M , Fuller Julie , May Scott , Wakefield Dorothy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultiple societal guidelines recommend enteral nutrition (EN) be initiated within 24 to 48 hours of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) once a patient is hemodynamically stable. Gastrointestinal intolerance and occurrence of bowel ischemia have been a concern for patients receiving vasopressors while concurrently receiving luminal nutrients. The study objective was to determine whether patients receiving vasopressors while concomitantly receiving enteral nutrients had more incidences of bowel ischemia and intolerance than those receiving EN without vasopressor agents.MethodsThis retrospective study included 319 medical and surgical ICU patients from a level 1 trauma center. The patients were either receiving vasopressors simultaneously with EN (n = 178) or EN alone (n = 141). Data regarding gastric residual volume (GRV), new abdominal pain, emesis, and bowel ischemia were collected.ResultsThere were more patients who had elevated GRV in the group that received vasopressors than patients who did not (20% vs 7%; P‐value < .01). There were no differences between rates of bowel ischemia, emesis, or new abdominal pain between the 2 groups.ConclusionBased on our findings, EN is generally well tolerated and safe for those patients simultaneously receiving vasopressors.
Rapid screening of glycoalkaloids in Solanum scabrum and S. nigrum berries using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with pathway‐specified in‐source fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lyu Weiting , Yuan Bo , Dinssa Fekadu F. , Simon James E. , Wu Qingli 
Published: July 2020

RationaleThe safe consumption of Solanum scabrum and S. nigrum berries (SNBs) depends on a reliable and rapid chemical screen for the testing of the fruit and/or final food and industrial products for the presence and level of toxic glycoalkaloids. Such a rapid and sensitive screen could also be used by those involved in food safety and forensics, industry, research labs and those in agriculture production, breeding and food processing. Significant variation in the content and composition of glycoalkaloids across SNBs has been reported. To facilitate high‐throughput targeted analysis, this work overcame the slow scan speed of a traditional triple quadruple mass spectrometry (QqQ) method by development of a pseudo‐MS3 method.MethodsIn‐source fragmentation functioned as a pseudo‐MS or pseudo‐hydrolysis to trim down the structurally diverse and complex glycosides into five types of aglycone ions, which were then analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Characteristic product ions were selected based on the aglycone skeleton and substitution pattern and associated fragmentation pathway.ResultsA compact method with only 15 MRM transitions were developed for high‐throughput screening of very diverse glycoalkaloids. Glycosides of the same aglycone type were readily identified in the same transition window without the need for mass spectra interpretation. Validated using solamargine, the sole available standard, the accuracy was 99.7–101.3%, the intra‐ and inter‐day precision were, respectively, 2.5–5.0% and 8.0–9.2%, and the lower limit of detection and quantification were, respectively, 3.1 and 10.2 ng/mL (with 1 μL injection volume).ConclusionsThe peudo‐MS3 method allowed for high‐throughput targeted analysis with compact MRM transitions to address a large number of glycoalkaloids with diverse structures. This method could serve to meet the most heavy‐duty demand for rapid inspection of glycoalkaloids in SNBs. This method can be adopted and used by those involved in food safety and forensics, in developing food and industrial products and in genetics and breeding.
Fouling of membranes in membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment: Planktonic bacteria can have a significant contribution
Authors: Hansen Susan Hove , Nierychlo Marta , Christensen Morten L. , Nielsen Per Halkjær , Jørgensen Mads Koustrup 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMembrane bioreactors (MBRs) for wastewater treatment show great potentials in the sustainable development of urban environments. However, fouling of membranes remains the largest challenge of MBR technology. Dissolved extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are often assumed be the main foulant in MBRs. However, single bacterial cells are often erroneously measured as EPS in traditional spectrophotometric analysis of EPS in activated sludge, so we hypothesized that single cells in many cases could be the true foulants in MBRs for wastewater treatment. To study this, raw MBR sludge and sludge supernatant with varying concentrations of planktonic cells were filtered on microfiltration (MF) membranes, and we found a direct correlation between the cell count and rate of flux decline. Addition of planktonic cells to fresh MBR sludge dramatically increased the flux decline. The identity of the most abundant planktonic cells in a full‐scale MBR water resource recovery facility was determined by DNA fingerprinting. Many of these genera are known to be abundant in influent wastewater suggesting that the influent bacterial cells may have a direct effect on the fouling propensity in MBR systems. This new knowledge may lead to new anti‐fouling strategies targeting incoming planktonic bacteria from the wastewater feed.Practitioner points

Planktonic cells constituted up to 60% of the total protein content of “soluble extracellular polymeric substances” in membrane bioreactor sludge.

Planktonic cells are hidden under a surrogate concentration of extracellular polymeric substances which is often associated with fouling.

Membrane fouling rate is directly proportional to amount of free planktonic cells suspended in sludge.

Several influent bacterial genera are enriched in the water phase of membrane bioreactor sludge. Removing these may mitigate fouling.
Do Catholics Listen to Sermons?
Authors: Noworol OV Anna Maria , Ostafiński Witold 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe article discusses the issue of listening to sermons in Catholic churches, in Poland. In the first part, it presents the author’s CKSK method, measuring whether and how Catholics listen to sermons from a theological and psychological point of view. The study was conducted on 130 people aged 16–92 years, in three Roman Catholic churches, in natural conditions, non-experimental. The research on the audience of sermons shows that Catholics usually listen to sermons in a fragmentary, medium-attentive way. The results indicate that the listenability of sermons is gender independent. It does not depend also on whether the parish is urban or rural, so it depends on other features and factors. However, listening to sermons varies from one age group to another. The study confirmed also the lack of correspondence between the declared listenability of sermons and their actual listening; only 7.84% of the variance of the declared listenability of sermons is explained by the variance of the actual listening to sermons.
The myth of occurrence-based semantics
Authors: Pickel Bryan , Rabern Brian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe principle of compositionality requires that the meaning of a complex expression remains the same after substitution of synonymous expressions. Alleged counterexamples to compositionality seem to force a theoretical choice: either apparent synonyms are not synonyms or synonyms do not syntactically occur where they appear to occur. Some theorists have instead looked to Frege’s doctrine of “reference shift” according to which the meaning of an expression is sensitive to its linguistic context. This doctrine is alleged to retain the relevant claims about synonymy and substitution while respecting the compositionality principle. Thus, Salmon (Philos Rev 115(4):415, 2006) and Glanzberg and King (Philosophers’ Imprint 20(2):1–29, 2020) offer occurrence-based accounts of variable binding, and Pagin and Westerståhl (Linguist Philos 33(5):381–415, 2010c) argue that an occurrence-based semantics delivers a compositional account of quotation. Our thesis is this: the occurrence-based strategies resolve the apparent failures of substitutivity in the same general way as the standard expression-based semantics do. So it is a myth that a Frege-inspired occurrence-based semantics affords a genuine alternative strategy.
Filling the psycho-social gap in the EQ-5D: the empirical support for four bolt-on dimensions
Authors: Chen Gang , Olsen Jan Abel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The EQ-5D is the most widely applied generic preference-based measure (GPBM) of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Much concern has been raised that its descriptive system is lacking psycho-social dimensions. A recent paper in this journal provided theoretical support for four dimensions to fill this gap. The current paper aims to provide empirical support for these suggested bolt-on dimensions to the EQ-5D.

Methods
We use data from the comprehensive Multi-Instrument-Comparison (MIC) study. The four proposed bolt-on dimensions (Vitality, Sleep, Social Relationships, and Community Connectedness) were selected from the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL)-8D. We investigate the relative importance of these four dimensions as compared to the five EQ-5D-5L dimensions on explaining HRQoL (measured by a visual analogue scale; N = 7846) or global life satisfaction (measured by the Satisfaction With Life Scale; N = 8005), using the Shorrocks-Shapely decomposition analysis. Robustness analyses on Vitality was conducted using data from the United States National Health Measurement Study (NHMS) (N = 3812).

Results
All five EQ-5D-5L dimensions and four bolt-on dimensions significantly explained the variance of HRQoL. Among them, Vitality was found to be the most important dimension with regard to the HRQoL (relative contribution based on the Shorrocks-Shapely decomposition of R2: 23.0%), followed by Usual Activities (15.1%). Self-Care was the least important dimension (relative contribution: 5.4%). As a comparison, when explaining global life satisfaction, Social Relationships was the most important dimension (relative contribution: 24.0%), followed by Anxiety/Depression (23.2%), while Self-Care remained the least important (relative contribution: 1.6%). The importance of the Vitality dimension in explaining HRQoL was supported in the robustness analysis using the NHMS data (relative contribution: 23.7%).

Conclusions
We provide empirical support for complementing the current EQ-5D-5L descriptive system with a coherent set of four bolt-on dimensions that will fill its psycho-social gap. Such an extended health state classification system would in particular be relevant for programme evaluations within the expanding fields of mental health and community care.
Personality traits as drivers of social preferences: a mixed logit model application
Authors: Paetz Friederike 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrently, social consumption constitutes a rapidly increasing trend with significant potential for companies; moreover, the characterization of social consumers is highly relevant. To date, sociodemographic variables have been widely studied but appear to be less appropriate to uniquely characterize social consumers. Psychographic variables are credited with the ability to overcome these problems, since recent studies maintain that consumers’ personal values and lifestyles are predictors of social consumption. However, personal values and lifestyle represent only two categories of psychological variables. Personality is another variable further known to be an antecedent of personal values and lifestyle. In this study, we focus on the characterization of social consumers based on both their personalities and sociodemographic variables. We conduct an empirical discrete choice experiment and investigate consumers’ personalities as a driver of consumer preferences for the fair trade (FT) label attribute. To operationalize consumers’ personalities, we use the popular five-factor approach. For the determination of consumers’ preferences, we estimate a mixed logit model including both unobserved preference heterogeneity and observed heterogeneity. Observed heterogeneity is captured by consumers’ personalities and sociodemographic variables. We find that gender, academic degree, income and four personality traits are important drivers of consumers’ social preferences. We determine the interaction effects between sociodemographic and personality variables and argue for the consideration of personality in the characterization of social consumers as the core source of social preferences. A subsequent simulation study provides further insight into marketing strategies derived from the personality-characterization of social consumers.
Efficacy of persulfate-based advanced oxidation process (US/PS/Fe3O4) for ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Ahmadi Shahin , Osagie Christian , Rahdar Somayeh , Khan Nadeem A. , Ahmed Sirajuddin , Hajini Hamideh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch evidence has shown that pollution of surface and underground waters is the leading sources of environmental and health-related problems. Disposed unused therapeutic drugs have been known to contaminate underground water and also offer drug resistance to infection-causing bacterial. This research seeks to evaluate the use of US/PS/Fe3O4 for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP-F) from aqueous solutions. The research also seeks to obtain the optimum set of conditions about which the highest removal efficiency of CIP-F is obtained by monitoring the used pH, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) concentration, PS concentration, CIP-F concentration, and contact time. The analysis was done using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer (Cecil model CE102) set at 280 nm. The result shows that a 98.43% removal efficiency is achievable after optimization if the separation parameters were set to the optimum conditions (pH = 5, CIP-F concentration = 200 mg/L, PS concentration = 0.15 mol/L, Fe3O4 concentration = 0.01 g/L and contact time = 45 min). The reaction was also observed to follow the pseudo-first-order reaction model. Since the results obtained show that US/PS/Fe3O4 can effectively and efficiently aid the surface adsorption of CIP-F from aqueous solutions, it is therefore recommended based on experimental findings that US/PS/Fe3O4 be used for removing CIP-F from effluents.
Prevalence and determinants of consanguineous marriage and its types in India: evidence from the National Family Health Survey, 2015–2016
Authors: Sharma Santosh Kumar , Kalam Mir Azad , Ghosh Saswata , Roy Subho 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence and examine the determinants of consanguineous marriage types in India. Data for 456,646 ever-married women aged 15–49 years were analysed from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 conducted in 2015–16. The overall prevalence of consanguineous marriage was 9.9%; the South region (23%) and North-East region (3.1%) showed the highest and lowest prevalences, respectively. Muslims had a higher prevalence (15%) than Hindus (9%). The prevalence of first cousin marriage (8.7%) was more than that of second cousin (0.7%) and of uncle–niece marriages (0.6%). Women living in urban areas and in nuclear families, having a higher level of education and belonging to affluent families were less likely to marry their cousins (p < 0.01). Women living in the South region of the country were more likely to marry their cousins, as well as uncles (p < 0.001). Close scrutiny of the trends in the results (odds ratios) revealed no clear relationship between socioeconomic condition and consanguineous marriage. The study results suggest that religion and north–south regional dichotomy in culture largely determine consanguineous marriage rather than socioeconomic condition in India.
Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and activity levels over the first year after discharge in ambulatory persons with recent incomplete spinal cord injury
Authors: Wouda Matthijs F. , Lundgaard Eivind , Becker Frank , Strøm Vegard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Study design
Secondary analysis of a clinical trial.

Objectives
To investigate changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and activity level in ambulatory persons with SCI during the first year after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

Setting
Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway.

Methods
Thirty persons with incomplete SCI, all community walkers (25 males and 5 females, 18–69 years old) were recruited to a clinical trial of a 12 weeks home-based aerobic exercise program of either high or moderate intensity. During the last week of inpatient rehabilitation (baseline), participants performed a maximal exercise test on a treadmill (peak oxygen uptake; peak VO2) and a 6-min walking test (6MWT). Also, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and daily amount of steps were measured continuously during 7 days in the participants’ homes. All tests were repeated after 3 and 12 months (post tests).

Results
Twenty of the 30 clinical trial participants performed baseline and both posttests and are included in this secondary analysis. We found no statistically significant between-group differences in the time course over the first year of either peak VO2, 6MWT, or physical activity outcomes. Therefore, data from both exercise groups and the control group were merged for secondary analyses, revealing statistically significant increase over time in peak VO2, 6MWT, and TDEE. The increase over time in the average daily steps did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions
Ambulatory persons with SCI were able to increase their CRF levels over the first year after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation, despite a minimal increase in activity levels.
Atmospheric CO2 during the Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period and the M2 glaciation
Authors: de la Vega Elwyn , Chalk Thomas B. , Wilson Paul A. , Bysani Ratna Priya , Foster Gavin L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Piacenzian stage of the Pliocene (2.6 to 3.6 Ma) is the most recent past interval of sustained global warmth with mean global temperatures markedly higher (by ~2–3 °C) than today. Quantifying CO2 levels during the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (mPWP) provides a means, therefore, to deepen our understanding of Earth System behaviour in a warm climate state. Here we present a new high-resolution record of atmospheric CO2 using the δ11B-pH proxy from 3.35 to 3.15 million years ago (Ma) at a temporal resolution of 1 sample per 3–6 thousand years (kyrs). Our study interval covers both the coolest marine isotope stage of the mPWP, M2 (~3.3 Ma) and the transition into its warmest phase including interglacial KM5c (centered on ~3.205 Ma) which has a similar orbital configuration to present. We find that CO2 ranged from $${{\bf{394}}}_{{\boldsymbol{-}}{\bf{9}}}^{{\boldsymbol{+}}{\bf{34}}}$$

394

−
9

+
34

ppm to $${{\bf{330}}}_{{\boldsymbol{-}}{\bf{21}}}^{{\boldsymbol{+}}{\bf{14}}}$$

330

−
21

+
14

ppm: with CO2 during the KM5c interglacial being $${{\bf{391}}}_{{\boldsymbol{-}}{\bf{28}}}^{{\boldsymbol{+}}{\bf{30}}}$$

391

−
28

+
30

ppm (at 95% confidence). Our findings corroborate the idea that changes in atmospheric CO2 levels played a distinct role in climate variability during the mPWP. They also facilitate ongoing data-model comparisons and suggest that, at present rates of human emissions, there will be more CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere by 2025 than at any time in at least the last 3.3 million years.
Electrocardiographic changes predate Parkinson’s disease onset
Authors: Akbilgic Oguz , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan , Mohammed Akram , Ross G. Webster , Masaki Kamal , Petrovitch Helen , Tanner Caroline M. , Davis Robert L. , Goldman Samuel M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAutonomic nervous system involvement precedes the motor features of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Our goal was to develop a proof-of-concept model for identifying subjects at high risk of developing PD by analysis of cardiac electrical activity. We used standard 10-s electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings of 60 subjects from the Honolulu Asia Aging Study including 10 with prevalent PD, 25 with prodromal PD, and 25 controls who never developed PD. Various methods were implemented to extract features from ECGs including simple heart rate variability (HRV) metrics, commonly used signal processing methods, and a Probabilistic Symbolic Pattern Recognition (PSPR) method. Extracted features were analyzed via stepwise logistic regression to distinguish between prodromal cases and controls. Stepwise logistic regression selected four features from PSPR as predictors of PD. The final regression model built on the entire dataset provided an area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval of 0.90 [0.80, 0.99]. The five-fold cross-validation process produced an average AUC of 0.835 [0.831, 0.839]. We conclude that cardiac electrical activity provides important information about the likelihood of future PD not captured by classical HRV metrics. Machine learning applied to ECGs may help identify subjects at high risk of having prodromal PD.
Sequence-specific detection of single-stranded DNA with a gold nanoparticle-protein nanopore approach
Authors: Mereuta Loredana , Asandei Alina , Dragomir Isabela S. , Bucataru Ioana C. , Park Jonggwan , Seo Chang Ho , Park Yoonkyung , Luchian Tudor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFast, cheap and easy to use nucleic acids detection methods are crucial to mitigate adverse impacts caused by various pathogens, and are essential in forensic investigations, food safety monitoring or evolution of infectious diseases. We report here a method based on the α-hemolysin (α-HL) nanopore, working in conjunction to unmodified citrate anion-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), to detect nanomolar concentrations of short single-stranded DNA sequences (ssDNA). The core idea was to use charge neutral peptide nucleic acids (PNA) as hybridization probe for complementary target ssDNAs, and monitor at the single-particle level the PNA-induced aggregation propensity AuNPs during PNA–DNA duplexes formation, by recording ionic current blockades signature of AuNP–α-HL interactions. This approach offers advantages including: (1) a simple to operate platform, producing clear-cut readout signals based on distinct size differences of PNA-induced AuNPs aggregates, in relation to the presence in solution of complementary ssDNAs to the PNA fragments (2) sensitive and selective detection of target ssDNAs (3) specific ssDNA detection in the presence of interference DNA, without sample labeling or signal amplification. The powerful synergy of protein nanopore-based nanoparticle detection and specific PNA–DNA hybridization introduces a new strategy for nucleic acids biosensing with short detection time and label-free operation.