bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated aortic 4D flow MRI with wave‐CAIPI
Authors: Richter Julian A. J. , Wech Tobias , Weng Andreas M. , Stich Manuel , Jin Ning , Kosmala Aleksander , Bley Thorsten A. , Köstler Herbert 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the acceleration potential of wave‐CAIPI (controlled aliasing in parallel imaging) for 4D flow MRI, provided that image quality and precision of flow parameters are maintained.MethodsThe 4D flow MRIs with acceleration factor R = 2 were performed on 10 healthy volunteers, using both wave‐CAIPI and standard Cartesian/2D‐CAIPI sampling for reference. In addition, 1 patient with known aortic valve stenosis was examined. The flow rate (), net flow (), peak velocity , and net average through‐plane velocity () were calculated in eight analysis planes in the ascending and descending aorta. The acquisitions were retrospectively undersampled (R = 6), and deviations of flow parameters and hemodynamic flow patterns were evaluated.ResultsFlow parameters measured with an undersampled wave‐CAIPI trajectory showed considerably smaller deviations to the references than the 2D‐CAIPI images. For , the mean absolute differences were cm/s versus cm/s; for , the mean absolute differences were ml versus ml for wave‐CAIPI versus 2D‐CAIPI, respectively. Noise calculations indicate that the 2D‐CAIPI sampling exhibits a higher average noise level than the wave‐CAIPI technique. Qualitative discrepancies in hemodynamic flow patterns, visualized through streamlines, particle traces and flow velocity vectors, could be reduced by using the undersampled wave‐CAIPI trajectory.ConclusionUse of wave‐CAIPI instead of 2D‐CAIPI sampling in retrospectively 6‐fold accelerated 4D flow MRI enhances the precision of flow parameters. The acquisition time of 4D flow measurements could be reduced by a factor of 3, with minimal differences in flow parameters.
2‐Pentylfuran: a novel repellent of Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Cha Dong H , Roh Gwang H , Hesler Stephen P , Wallingford Anna , Stockton Dara G , Park Shinyoung K , Loeb Gregory M 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDDrosophila suzukii (Matsumura), spotted‐wing drosophila (SWD), is a major invasive pest of soft‐skinned fruits in North America and Europe. Although insecticides are currently the primary method of SWD control, it is imperative to develop alternative management approaches, such as behavioral control through the use of repellents and attractants. This study explores the repellent properties of 2‐pentylfuran as an oviposition deterrent on raspberries.RESULTS2‐Pentylfuran was found to be aversive to SWD in laboratory multiple‐choice tests. When co‐released from a vial (loaded as neat compound) with a synthetic SWD lure, 2‐pentylfuran reduced SWD attraction to the SWD lure by 98% and the effect appeared 17% stronger compared to 1‐octen‐3‐ol, a known SWD repellent. Releasing 50% 2‐pentylfuran mixed with mineral oil from a vial located near ripe raspberries resulted in 30% reduction in SWD oviposition in the field. In laboratory no‐choice assays, 2‐pentylfuran reduced SWD oviposition on raspberries above 2.5 mg h−1 with greater repellency achieved at higher release rates. A release rate of 10 mg h−1 from a polyethylene sachet reduced egg‐laying on raspberries by 60% in a semifield cage choice experiment. In a field experiment using fruiting raspberry clusters, 14 mg h−1 release rate of 2‐pentylfuran was effective at reducing SWD infestations by 56% compared to untreated plots.CONCLUSION2‐Pentylfuran acts as a repellent for SWD and can significantly reduce fruit infestations under field conditions and high SWD pressure. Given that 2‐pentylfuran is a registered food additive and generally regarded as safe, 2‐pentylfuran has a potential use in behavioral control strategies against SWD. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Reliability analysis of excavator boom considering mixed uncertain variables
Authors: Zhang Yuru , Liu Xintian , Yu Xueguang , Wang Xu , Wang Xiaolan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere are differences among sampling data and representation types of uncertain interval, fuzzy and random variables, which increases the complexity of structure reliability analysis. A α, β‐Cut‐FORM is proposed to analyze structure reliability considering the mixed uncertain variables. Fuzzy variables are optimized on the interval under two cut sets (α, β) based on the theory of cut set optimization. Interval variables are modeled with probability using a uniformity method. The proposed method involves the nested probabilistic analysis and interval analysis. The first‐order reliability method (FORM) is used for probabilistic analysis and nonlinear optimization is used for interval analysis. The excavator boom performance function is established for reliability analysis considering the mixed uncertain input variables, which verifies the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method. And it has great application for safe and reliable design of excavator boom.
Node profiles of symmetric digital search trees: Concentration properties
Authors: Drmota Michael , Fuchs Michael , Hwang Hsien‐Kuei , Neininger Ralph 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe give a detailed asymptotic analysis of the profiles of random symmetric digital search trees, which are in close connection with the performance of the search complexity of random queries in such trees. While the expected profiles have been analyzed for several decades, the analysis of the variance turns out to be very difficult and challenging, and requires the combination of several different analytic techniques, including Mellin and Laplace transforms, analytic de‐Poissonization, and Laplace convolutions. Our results imply concentration of the profiles in the range where the mean tends to infinity. Moreover, we also obtain a two‐point concentration for the distributions of the height and the saturation level.
Tricarbonylrhenium(I) Complexes with Tridentate Schiff Bases
Authors: Hildebrandt Sarah , Hagenbach Adelheid , Abram Ulrich 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPotentially tridentate, phosphine‐containing Schiff bases with P,N,O and P,N,P donor sets have been prepared from 2‐(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 2‐aminophenol and 2‐((diphenylphosphino)phenyl)methylamine and reacted with (NEt4)2[Re(CO)3Br3] in methanol. Deprotonation and the formation of neutral [Re(CO)3(L)] complexes with tridentate coordination of the Schiff bases has been obtained for the salicylidene derivatives, while the potential P,N,P ligand L3 forms [Re(CO)3Br(L3)] with the Schiff base in a bidentate bonding mode. The formation of a cationic [Re(CO)3(L3)]+ complex with tripodal coordination of the organic ligand could be achieved by the addition of Ag(PF6) to the reaction mixture. The obtained rhenium(I) complexes were studied spectroscopically and by X‐ray diffraction.
Diabetisches Fußsyndrom – Teil 2
Authors:   Kommission PAVK und Diabetisches Fußsyndrom der DGG e. V., Rümenapf G. , Morbach S. , Rother U. , Uhl C. , Görtz H. , Böckler D. , Behrendt C. A. , Hochlenert D. , Engels G. , Hohneck A. , Sigl M. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDas diabetische Fußsyndrom (DFS) ist die häufigste Ursache einer Majoramputation in Deutschland. Die meisten Fußläsionen werden durch repetitive Druckbelastung bei diabetischer Polyneuropathie ausgelöst. Die periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (PAVK) verhindert die Wundheilung und ist Hauptrisikofaktor für Amputationen. Bei der Therapie sind die Wund- und Infektionsbehandlung sowie die zeitnahe Revaskularisation entscheidend. Der Einsatz endovaskulärer und gefäßchirurgischer Methoden ist abhängig von Verteilungsmuster und Länge der Verschlussprozesse. Beide Verfahren ergänzen sich. Die Bypasschirurgie hat beim neuroischämischen DFS einen hohen Stellenwert. Multidisziplinäre Zentren, die Revaskularisationen bei DFS anbieten, können in 90 % der Fälle eine Verbesserung der arteriellen Durchblutung erreichen und die Amputationsrate um bis zu 80 % senken. Wegen der hohen Rezidivrate diabetischer Fußläsionen sind Maßnahmen zur Sekundärprophylaxe von herausragender Bedeutung (podologische und orthopädietechnische Betreuung, Fußchirurgie).
Impact of COVID-19 on the thyroid gland: an update
Authors: Scappaticcio Lorenzo , Pitoia Fabián , Esposito Katherine , Piccardo Arnoldo , Trimboli Pierpaolo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the pandemic of the new millennium. COVID-19 can cause both pulmonary and systemic inflammation, potentially determining multi-organ dysfunction. Data on the relationship between COVID-19 and thyroid have been emerging, and rapidly increasing since March 2020. The thyroid gland and the virus infection with its associated inflammatory-immune responses are known to be engaged in complex interplay. SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 combined with the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) as the key molecular complex to infect the host cells. Interestingly, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression levels are high in the thyroid gland and more than in the lungs. Our literature search provided greater evidence that the thyroid gland and the entire hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis could be relevant targets of damage by SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, COVID-19-related thyroid disorders include thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, as well as nonthyroidal illness syndrome. Moreover, we noticed that treatment plans for thyroid cancer are considerably changing in the direction of more teleconsultations and less diagnostic and therapeutical procedures. The current review includes findings that could be changed soon by new results on the topic, considering the rapidity of worldwide research on COVID-19.
Do fictions explain?
Authors: Nguyen James 
Published: November 2020

AbstractI argue that fictional models, construed as models that misrepresent certain ontological aspects of their target systems, can nevertheless explain why the latter exhibit certain behaviour. They can do this by accurately representing whatever it is that that behaviour counterfactually depends on. However, we should be sufficiently sensitive to different explanatory questions, i.e., ‘why does certain behaviour occur?’ versus ‘why does the counterfactual dependency invoked to answer that question actually hold?’. With this distinction in mind, I argue that whilst fictional models can answer the first sort of question, they do so in an unmysterious way (contra to what one might initially think about such models). Moreover, I claim that the second question poses a dilemma for the defender of the idea that fictions can explain: either these models cannot answer these sorts of explanatory questions, precisely because they are fictional; or they can, but in a way that requires reinterpreting them such that they end up accurately representing the ontological basis of the counterfactual dependency, i.e., reinterpreting them so as to rob them of their fictional status. Thus, the existence of explanatory fictions does not put pressure on the idea that accurate representation of some aspect of a target system is a necessary condition on explaining that aspect.
How can family businesses survive disruptive industry changes? Insights from the traditional mail order industry
Authors: de Groote Julia K. , Conrad Werner , Hack Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates how family firms respond to disruptive industry changes. We aim to investigate which factors prevent or support family firms’ adoption of disruptive innovations in their industry and which mechanisms lead to more or less successful coping with disruptive change. Our analysis is based on 24 qualitative interviews with top executives and on secondary data from an industry in which disruptive innovations dramatically changed the way business was generated. The industry in question is the mail order industry, which, in its early days, disrupted the retail business. When the Internet and, with it, ecommerce started to disrupt the industry in the late 1990s, the industry was characterized by a high proportion of family firms and a low level of innovativeness. While incumbent firms had been very successful for decades, most of them were confronted with serious turbulence when new entrants started changing the face of the industry. Our findings show that different factors impact reactions to disruptive industry change in two different phases, namely, opportunity recognition and opportunity implementation. While some of the influencing factors are determined by industry factors, family influence may function for better or worse for incumbent firms. Specifically, we find that in firms with a family disruptor, a family member in a powerful position who drives the adoption of the new technology, hindrances can be overcome and firms tend to show more successful strategies when reacting to the disruptive industry change.
Die Rolle von mTORC1 in der Verstoffwechslung extrazellulärer Proteine
Authors: Hermann Julia , Palm Wilhelm 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a central regulator of cellular metabolism and growth. While mTORC1 promotes growth under favourable conditions, mTORC1 inactivation is critical during starvation. We discovered that mTORC1 antagonizes starvation responses by preventing cells from feeding on extracellular proteins, as happens in nutrient-poor tumors. Thus, whether mTORC1 promotes or antagonizes growth depends on a cell’s metabolic environment.
Tiergifte als Quelle neuartiger Bioressourcen
Authors: Lüddecke Tim , von Reumont Björn M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractToxins evolved convergently in all major animal groups for predation, defense or competition. They are either actively employed with a delivery apparatus as venoms, or passively secreted as poisons. The evolutionary arms race between toxicity and resistance in predators and their prey optimised effective toxin cocktails, which thus represent powerful candidates for translational research.
Protein-AMPylierungs-Identifikation in lebenden Zellen
Authors: Becker Tobias , Kielkowski Pavel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProtein AMPylation is a prevalent protein post-translational modification in human cells involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation and neural development. In this article we describe the design, synthesis and application of a pronucleotide probe suitable for in situ fluorescence imaging and chemical protemics profiling of AMPylated proteins. Our probe utilizes straightforward strain-promoted azidealkyne click reaction for fluorescence labeling in living cells.
CRISPR-Cas: In Rekordzeit von der Grundlagenforschung zur Anwendung
Authors: Marchfelder Anita 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDen diesjährigen Nobelpreis für Chemie erhielten die beiden Forscherinnen Emmanuelle Charpentier und Jennifer Doudna für die Entdeckung des Genome Editing. Zum ersten Mal überhaupt in der Geschichte dieses Preises wurde er nur an Wissenschaftlerinnen verliehen.
Defining and measuring probabilistic ego networks
Authors: Kaveh Amin , Magnani Matteo , Rohner Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnalyzing ego networks to investigate local properties and behaviors of individuals is a fundamental task in social network research. In this paper we show that there is not a unique way of defining ego networks when the existence of edges is uncertain, since there are two different ways of defining the neighborhood of a node in such network models. Therefore, we introduce two definitions of probabilistic ego networks, called V-Alters-Ego and F-Alters-Ego, both rooted in the literature. Following that, we investigate three fundamental measures (degree, betweenness and closeness) for each definition. We also propose a method to approximate betweenness of an ego node among the neighbors which are connected via shortest paths with length 2. We show that this approximation method is faster to compute and it has high correlation with ego betweenness under the V-Alters-Ego definition in many datasets. Therefore, it can be a reasonable alternative to represent the extent to which a node plays the role of an intermediate node among its neighbors.
Fuzzy cognitive maps in systems risk analysis: a comprehensive review
Authors: Bakhtavar Ezzeddin , Valipour Mahsa , Yousefi Samuel , Sadiq Rehan , Hewage Kasun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) have been widely applied to analyze complex, causal-based systems in terms of modeling, decision making, analysis, prediction, classification, etc. This study reviews the applications and trends of FCMs in the field of systems risk analysis to the end of August 2020. To this end, the concepts of failure, accident, incident, hazard, risk, error, and fault are focused in the context of the conventional risks of the systems. After reviewing risk-based articles, a bibliographic study of the reviewed articles was carried out. The survey indicated that the main applications of FCMs in the systems risk field were in management sciences, engineering sciences and industrial applications, and medical and biological sciences. A general trend for potential FCMs’ applications in the systems risk field is provided by discussing the results obtained from different parts of the survey study.
Extensive efficacy tests of non-antibiotic fire blight control agents
Authors: Bantleon Georg , Scheer Christian , Hartung Karin , Voegele Ralf T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractApplication of control agents to prevent new infections is an integral part of disease management for fire blight on pome trees caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.. Due to resistance development and human health concerns when using antibiotics, non-antibiotic control agents with high efficacy are urgently needed. In this study extensive efficacy tests with some classical antibiotic and relatively new non-antibiotic control agents for the prevention of bloom and shoot blight as well as phytotoxicity tests based on fruit russeting were carried out using young apple trees. Furthermore an experimental design for testing control agents preventing fire blight following hail injury was developed. The high efficacy of streptomycin (> 90%) and streptomycin containing spray strategies (> 80%) was confirmed. Non-antibiotic agents with high efficacy are LMA (85%), a potassium aluminum sulfate, and Juglon (80%). LMA is already in use in practice in Austria and Germany with a temporal and restricted permission and the administrative process to gain the legal status of a pesticide is ongoing whilst already admitted in Switzerland. Juglon, an organic compound from walnut, did show a high efficacy, but no consistent results (80.0 and 69.5%). Myco-Sin showed good results to prevent infection after artificial hail simulation. Antinfek showed high efficacy (90%) in preventing bloom blight, but could be tested only once so further research is needed to confirm this result. The design of the presented study enabled an extensive evaluation of the potential control agents and the aggregation and comparison of results and can be advised for other evaluations.
The Promise and Peril of Credit: What a Forgotten Legend about Jews and Finance Tells Us about the Making of European Commercial Society
Authors: Fredona Robert 
Published: November 2020

Representatives of all nations gather for the utility of mankind; there, the Jew, the Mohammedan, and the Christian behave towards each other as if they were of the same religion, and reserve the word “infidel” for those who go bankrupt.—Voltaire, letter VI, Lettres Philosophiques (1734)Voltaire's words about the London Royal Exchange, quoted by Francesca Trivellato in her important new book The Promise and Peril of Credit, represent pars pro toto a view of finance and trade—as peaceful, tolerant, antagonistic to the old segregations and brutalities of religion, and ultimately emancipatory—that entered the philosophical mainstream in the eighteenth century, that seems to at least partly form the foundations of liberal modernity, and that continues to shape the way we think about business and capitalism today (p. 139). Yet Voltaire himself was an anti-Semite who obsessed about the Jews and trafficked in old clichés about cunning Jewish merchants precisely in order to make his case for commerce as a vehicle of toleration. This and similar ironies or contradictions lie at the heart of Promise and Peril, which traces from the mid-seventeenth to the mid-twentieth century what Trivellato calls a “legend,” because it is both patently false (we now know), and was once widespread, that Jews in the Middle Ages or Renaissance invented the bill of exchange (and sometimes also marine insurance).
Risk factors forToxoplasma gondiiseropositivity in the Old Order Amish
Authors: Markon A. O. , Ryan K. A. , Wadhawan A. , Pavlovich M. , Groer M. W. , Punzalan C. , Gensheimer K. , Jones J. L. , Daue M. L. , Dagdag A. , Donnelly P. , Peng X. , Pollin T. I. , Mitchell B. D. , Postolache T. T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)is an important human disease-causing parasite. In the USA,T. gondiiinfects >10% of the population, accrues economic losses of US$3.6 billion/year, and ranks as the second leading culprit of foodborne illness-related fatalities. We assessed toxoplasmosis risk among the Old Order Amish, a mostly homogenous population with a high prevalence ofT. gondiiseropositivity, using a questionnaire focusing on food consumption/preparation behaviours and environmental risk factors. Analyses were conducted using multiple logistic regression. Consuming raw meat, rare meat, or unpasteurised cow or goat milk products was associated with increased odds of seropositivity (unadjusted Odds Ratios: 2.192, 1.613, and 1.718 , respectively). In separate models by sex, consuming raw meat, or consuming unpasteurised cow or goat milk products, was associated with increased odds of seropositivity among women; washing hands after touching meat with decreased odds of seropositivity among women (adjusted OR (AOR): 0.462); and cleaning cat litterbox with increased odds of seropositivity among men (AOR: 5.241). This is the first study to assess associations between behavioural and environmental risk factors andT. gondiiseropositivity in a US population with high seroprevalence forT. gondii. Our study emphasises the importance of proper food safety behaviours to avoid the risk of infection.
The Art of Public Worship: Percy Dearmer, William Palmer Ladd, and the American Liturgical Movement
Authors: McGowan Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile Percy Dearmer’s influence on Anglican liturgy through The Parson’s Handbook and The English Hymnal are well known, his lectures on The Art of Public Worship, given in 1919 when he was visiting professor at Berkeley Divinity School in Connecticut, USA, introduce a different phase of his liturgical thought. A new emphasis on modernizing language, brevity of form, and alternative forms of worship would later have expression in England via his association with the Guildhouse in London, and in the hymnal Songs of Praise. Comparing The Art of Public Worship with the later Prayer Book Interleaves by Berkeley Divinity School’s Dean William Palmer Ladd leads to the suggestion that this ‘second Dearmer’ also had an afterlife in the American liturgical movement.