bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substance Use Identification and Follow-up Rates among Commercial and Medicare Health Insurance Members in Primary Care and Other Settings
Authors: Baker John G. , Doxbeck David R. , Washington Melanie E. , Horton Angela , Dunning Adam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with substance use disorder identification and follow-up rates among samples of members of a private health insurance plan. Methods: In an observational study, samples of claims data for 2017 for Commercial and Medicare members from a private health insurer were accessed and analyzed using descriptive statistics, decision tree analysis, and linear regression models. Results: Commercial and Medicare members differed in age. Medicare members had higher rates of inclusion in a measure of substance use disorder than Commercial members, lower rates of initial short term follow-up, more opioid prescriptions from primary care provides, fewer prescriptions for opioid treatment, and higher rates of selected comorbid conditions. Mental health diagnoses and substance use disorder co-occurred frequently and to a greater extent in the Medicare sample. Among commercial members, there were primarily alcohol problems that increased with age, while opioid problems at about 10% peaked in the mid-twenties. More males were included among all substance types. The overall rate for an initial short term follow-up visit indicating initiation of treatment was 30%. There were large differences in the follow-up rates across settings with a very low rate (4.6% for alcohol and 6.9% for opioid) in primary care settings. Conclusions: These results suggest that increased attention in primary care to young adult males and to older adults, may help to reduce substance use disorder rates, especially alcohol use disorders.
Aerobic exercise and octopamine protect against deep-frying oil-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through modulation of caspase and pro-caspase 3
Authors: kianmehr Pantea , Azarbayjani Mohammad Ali , Peeri Maghsoud , Farzanegi Parvin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Deep-frying is a common cooking method accompanied by production of carcinogenesis substance such as acrolein. Acrolein is a toxic byproduct of lipid peroxidation that is involved in the development of pulmonary, cardiac, and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to explore the effect of aerobic exercise (EXE) and octopamine (OCT) on caspase 3 and pro-caspase 3 expression levels in the heart tissue of rats were fed deep-frying oil (DFO).Methods: 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6 in each) including 1) control (CO), 2) DFO, 3) DFO+EXE, 4) DFO+OCT and 5) DFO+EXE+OCT. The apoptotic effects of DFO on heart and cardiomyocytes’ fibers were examined by TUNEL assay and Masson's trichrome staining respectively. Also caspase 3 and pro-caspase 3 genes and proteins expression in all groups were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting method, respectively. Results: Data showed a significant increase in apoptotic cells in the DFO group (P <0.05). Masson's trichrome stain analysis demonstrated that the number of cardiomyocytes' fibers are decreased, and collagen deposition is increased in the DFO group. In comparison, the collagen percentage was significantly reduced in DFO+EXE, DFO +OCT and DFO+EXE+OCT groups. Also, the expression level of caspase 3 and pro-caspase 3 was significantly decreased in DFO+EXE+OCT group (P <0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study show that DFO lead to programmed cell death via the activation of caspases in heart tissue. However, it seems that aerobic exercise with octopamine supplementation improves heart tissue through decreasing in the expression of caspase 3 and pro-caspase 3 that inhibit apoptosis.
External validation of multimodal termination of resuscitation rules for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Jung Haewon , Lee Mijin , Cho Jae Wan , Lee Sang Hun , Lee Suk Hee , Mun You Ho , Chung Han-sol , Kim Yang Hun , Kim Gyun Moo , Park Sin-youl , Jeon Jae Cheon , Kim Changho 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Futile resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 era can lead to risk of disease transmission and unnecessary transport. Various existing basic or advanced life support (BLS or ALS, respectively) rules for the termination of resuscitation (TOR) have been derived and validated in North America and Asian countries. This study aimed to evaluate the external validation of these rules in predicting the survival outcomes of OHCA patients in the COVID-19 era.Methods: This was a multicenter observational study using the WinCOVID-19 Daegu registry data collected during February 18–March 31, 2020. The subjects were patients who showed cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac etiology. The outcomes of each rule were compared to the actual patient survival outcomes. The sensitivity, specificity, false positive value (FPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) of each TOR rule were evaluated. Results: In total, 170 of the 184 OHCA patients were eligible and evaluated. TOR was recommended for 122 patients based on the international basic life support termination of resuscitation (BLS-TOR) rule, which showed 85% specificity, 74% sensitivity, 0.8% FPV, and 99% PPV for predicting unfavorable survival outcomes. When the traditional BLS-TOR rules and KoCARC TOR rule II were applied to our registry, one patient met the TOR criteria but survived at hospital discharge. With regard to the FPV (upper limit of 95% confidence interval <5%), specificity (100%), and PPV (>99%) criteria, only the KoCARC TOR rule I, which included a combination of three factors including not being witnessed by emergency medical technicians, presenting with an asystole at the scene, and not experiencing prehospital shock delivery or return of spontaneous circulation, was found to be superior to all other TOR rules. Conclusion: Among the previous nine BLS and ALS TOR rules, KoCARC TOR rule I was most suitable for predicting poor survival outcomes and showed improved diagnostic performance. Further research on variations in resources and treatment protocols among facilities, regions, and cultures will be useful in determining the feasibility of TOR rules for COVID-19 patients worldwide.
A cross sectional study of unmet need for health services amongst urban refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand in comparison with Thai population, 2019
Authors: SUPHANCHAIMAT RAPEEPONG , Sinam Pigunkaew , Phaiyarom Mathudara , Pudpong Nareerut , Julchoo Sataporn , Kunpeuk Watinee , Thammawijaya Panithee 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough the Thai government has introduced policies to promote health of migrants, it is still the case that urban refugees and asylum seekers (URAS) seem to be neglected. This study aimed to explore the degree of healthcare access through the perspective of unmet need in URASs, relative to the Thai population.MethodsA cross-sectional survey, using a self-reporting questionnaire adapted from the Thai Health and Welfare Survey (HWS), was performed in late 2019, with 181 URASs attending the survey. The samples were randomly selected from the roster of the Bangkok Refugee Center. The data of the URAS survey were combined with data of the Thai population (n=2,941) from the HWS. Unmet need for health services was defined as the status of when a respondent needed healthcare in the past twelve months but failed to receive it. Bivariate analysis was conducted to explore the demographic and unmet need difference between URASs and Thais. Multivariable logistic regression and mixed-effects (ME) model were performed to determine factors associated with unmet need. ResultsOverall, URASs were of lower age, less educated and living in more economically deprived households, compared with Thais. About 98% of URASs were uninsured by any of the existing health insurance schemes. The prevalence of unmet need among URASs was significantly higher than Thais in both outpatient (OP) and inpatient (IP) services (54.1% versus 2.1% and 28.0% versus 2.1%, respectively). Being uninsured demonstrated the greatest degree of association with unmet need, especially for OP care. The association between insurance status and unmet need was more pronounced in ME model, relative to multivariable logistic regression. URASs migrating from Arab nations suffered from unmet need to a greater extent, compared with those originating from non-Arab nations. ConclusionThe prevalence of unmet need in URASs was drastically high, relative to the prevalence in Thais. Factors suggesting a positive relationship with unmet need included advanced age, lower education achievement, and, most evidently, being unsinured. Policy makers should consider a policy option to enrol URASs in the nationwide public insurance scheme to create health security for the entire Thai society.
Limited access to family-based addiction prevention services for socio-economically deprived families in Switzerland: a grounded theory study
Authors: Pfister Andreas , Koschmieder Nikola , Wyss Sabrina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Families living in poor socio-economic circumstances, already confronted with social and health inequalities, are often not reached by family-based addiction prevention services. Besides quantitative models and health literacy approaches, qualitative research is lacking that could shed light on the exact circumstances and processes that lead to hindered addiction prevention service uptake by these families. Drawing on the concept of candidacy, we therefore reconstructed how socio-economically deprived parents and their (pre)adolescent children in the German-speaking part of Switzerland (non-)identified their candidacy for family-based addiction prevention services.Methods: Following grounded theory, we collected and analysed data in an iterative-cyclical manner using theoretical sampling and theoretical coding techniques. Sixteen families with children aged 10–14 years were interviewed in depth (parent/s and child separately). All but one family lived below the at-risk-of-poverty threshold.Results: Socio-economically deprived families’ modes of recognizing and handling problems in everyday life were found to be core phenomena that structure the process towards (non)identification of candidacy for family-based addiction prevention services. Four modes anchored within socio-demographic resources were found: Families with mode A perceived their current life situation as existentially threatening and focused daily coping on the main pressing problem. Others (mode B) perceived prevalent multiple problems as normal (now); problems were normalized, often not recognized as such. In mode C families, problems were pragmatically recognized at a low threshold and pragmatically dealt with, mostly within the family. In mode D families, problems were constantly produced and dealt with early by the worried and anxious parents monitoring their child. From modes D to A, vulnerability increased concerning non-identification of candidacy for family-based addiction prevention services. Further, thematic relevance of addiction prevention, past experience with offers, integration in systems of assistance, strategies to protect the family, and families’ search for information influenced whether identification of candidacy took place.Conclusions: Socio-economically deprived families differ in modes of problem construction and handling in everyday life; this differently opens up or closes routes to family-based addiction prevention. Addiction prevention practice should build on a bundle of diverse strategies for outreach to these families, stressing especially interventions on the structural and environmental level.
LDL-C/HDL-C is associated with ischaemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a case-control study
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Xue , Wei Meng , Shang Lu-Xiang , Lu Yan-Mei , Zhang Ling , Li Yao-Dong , Zhang Jiang-Hua , Xing Qiang , Tu-Erhong Zu Kela , Tang Bao-Peng , Zhou Xian-Hui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: This study explored the relationships between the low-/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LDL-C/HDL-C) and other clinical indicators and ischaemic stroke (IS) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in Xinjiang. The findings could provide a theoretical and therapeutic basis for NVAF patients.Methods: NVAF patients who were admitted to 10 medical centres across Xinjiang were divided into stroke (798 patients) and control (2671 patients) groups according to the occurrence of first acute IS. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to examine the independent risk factors for IS in NVAF patients. Factor analysis and principal component regression analysis were used to analyse the main factors influencing IS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the discriminatory ability of LDL-C/HDL-C for predicting the occurrence of IS.Results: The stroke group had an average age of 71.64 ± 9.96 years and included 305 females (38.22%). The control group had a mean age of 67.30 ± 12.01 years and included 825 females (30.89%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the risk of IS in the highest LDL-C/HDL-C quartile ( ≥2.73) was 16.23-fold that of the lowest quartile ( < 1.22); IS risk was 2.27-fold higher in obese patients than in normal-weight subjects; IS risk was 3.15-fold higher in smoking patients than in non-smoking patients. The area under the ROC curve of LDL-C/HDL-C was 0.76, the optimal critical value was 2.33, the sensitivity was 63.53%, and the specificity was 76.34%. Principal component regression analysis showed that LDL-C/HDL-C, age, smoking, drinking, LDL-C and hypertension were risk factors for IS in NVAF patients.Conclusions: LDL-C/HDL-C >1.22, smoking, BMI ≥24 kg/m2 and CHA2DS2-VASc score were independent risk factors for IS in NVAF patients; LDL-C/HDL-C was the main risk factor.
Validation of the Functions and Prognostic Values of Synapse Associated Proteins in Lower-Grade Glioma
Authors: Lin Han , Yang Yong , Hou Chongxian , Zheng Jiantao , Lv Guangzhao , Mao Rui , Xu Peihong , Chen Shanwei , Zhou Yujun , Wang Peng , Zhou Dong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Synapse and synapse associated proteins (SAPs) play critical roles in various neurodegeneration diseases and brain tumors. However, in lower-grade gliomas (LGG), SAPs have not been explored systematically. Herein, we are going to explore SAPs expression profile and its clinicopathological significance in LGG which can offer new insights to glioma therapy. Method: In this study, we used five sources including, Venkatesh, Shen, Colón, Jüttner R, Gene Ontology (GO) project to integrate a list of SAPs that covered 231 proteins with synaptogenesis activity and post synapse formation. The LGG RNA-seq data were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). The differentially expressed SAPs were filtered out and constructed PPI to search for key modules and SAPs. Then, using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multicox regression analysis, the prognostic significance of these key SAPs was evaluated. CGGA database, Human Protein Altas (HPA) and quantitative real-time PCR were used to verify our findings. Result: Data from function enrichment analysis revealed functions of differentially expressed SAPs in synapse organization and glutamatergic receptor pathway in LGGs. Survival analysis revealed four SAPs, GRIK2, GABRD, GRID2, ARC that were correlate with the prognosis of LGG patients and used to construct the prognostic models. Among them, the expression of GABRD was lower in glioma tissue than normal brain tissue, but higher in seizure LGG patients than non-seizure patients. The four-SAPs signature was revealed as an independent prognostic factor in gliomas.Conclusion: Our study presented a novel strategy to assess the prognostic risks of LGGs, based on the expression of SAPs. Also, we revealed that several SAPs upregulated in patients with seizures, indicating that they are linked to the pathogenesis of seizures in glioma patients.
Development of 96-microwell Plate Assay with Fluorescence Reader and HPLC Method with Fluorescence Detection for High-throughput Analysis of Linifanib in its Bulk and Dosage Forms
Authors: Khalil Nasr Y. , Darwish Ibrahim A. , Alanazi Mamdouh , Hamidaddin Mohammed A. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Linifanib (LFB) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity.
The existing methods for the analysis of LFB in bulk and dosage forms do not meet the requirements
of quality control (QC) analysis.

Objective:
The present study was devoted to the development of two methods with high throughputs
for determination of LFB. These methods are 96-microwell plate assay with microplate fluorescence
reader (MWP-FR) and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
(HPLC-FD).

Methods:
The MWP-FR assay was carried out in white opaque 96-well assay plates and the native
fluorescence signals of LFB were measured at 360 nm for excitation and 500 nm for emission. In
the HPLC-FD, the chromatographic separation of LFB and quinine sulphate (QS) as internal standard
(IS) was performed on µ-Bondapack CN HPLC column using a mobile phase consisting of
acetonitrile:water (60:40, v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 1 ml/min in an isocratic mode. The fluorescence
detector was set at 350 nm for excitation and 454 nm for emission.

Results:
The linear ranges of the MWP-FR and HPLC-FD were 1-12 µg/well and 10-500 ng/ml, respectively.
The limits of detection were 0.85 µg/well and 8.24 ng/ml for MWP-FR and HPLC-FD,
respectively. Both MWP-FR and HPLC-FL methods were successfully applied for the determination
of LFB in both bulk and tablets.

Conclusion:
Both methods have high analytical throughputs, they are suitable for use in QC laboratories
for analysis of large numbers of LFB samples, and are environmentally friendly as they consume
low volumes of chemicals and solvents.
Design and Simulation of an End Effector for a Wheel Handling Manipulator
Authors: Ji Daoyang , Ma Chenbo , Sun Jianjun , Niu Tao 
Published: September 2020

Background::
As the realization of the flexibility of the wheel handling manipulator, the
key technical problem that needs to be overcome is the design of a flexible end effector.

Objective::
The purpose of this study is to design a flexible manipulator end effector to complete the
handling of wheels of different sizes on the flexible production line of wheels.

Methods::
According to the size range and mass range of the wheel to be grasped, the preliminary design
plan of the cylinder drive and the gripping wheel hub is determined. Afterwards, the end effector
is subjected to a force analysis. The safety, stability and rationality of the design structure is tested
through simulation.

Results::
The simulation results indicate that the strength of the key parts of the end effector fully meets the design requirements. Strength check provides a basis for institutional optimization.

Conclusion::
This paper completes the design of the end effector of the flexible manipulator. The size diversity of the wheel requires the end effector to have better flexibility. For further development, the structure of the clamping device and the force control device should be further studied. In this article, patents have been discussed.
Upcycling Culinary Organic Waste: Production of Plant Particles from Potato and Carrot Peels to Improve Antioxidative Capacity
Authors: Yassin Dalia A. , Nasim Muhammad Jawad , Abraham Abraham M. , Keck Cornelia M. , Jacob Claus 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Vegetables and fruits are consumed in considerable amounts worldwide
producing huge quantities of organic leftovers comprising primarily of peels. Peels of potatoes (PP) and
carrots (CP), for instance, are often considered as waste, albeit they still represent a rich source of
interesting phytochemicals. Traditional waste management of such materials, usually vermicomposting,
therefore represents a low-value approach and also a considerable burden to the environment.

Objective:
Aiming to convert some of this waste into raw materials for further applications,
methods were explored to prepare suspensions of PP and CP. Antioxidant activities of these
suspensions were compared to bulk-suspensions and the corresponding ethanolic extracts in
anticipation of possible applications in Nutrition and Cosmetics.

Methods:
The peels of potatoes and carrots were subjected to high- speed stirring (HSS) and highpressure
homogenization (HPH) to produce suspensions which were characterized for size
distribution by Laser Diffraction (LD), Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS), and light
microscopy (LM). Ethanolic extracts of peels were also produced. Samples were evaluated for
antioxidant activity employing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.

Results:
HPH produced suspensions of peels comprising particles with diameters in the range of
268 - 335 nm for PP and 654 - 1,560 nm for CP. These suspensions exhibited a significantly
stronger antioxidant activity compared to the bulk-suspensions. Moreover, the suspension of PP
(1% w/w) exhibited comparable antioxidant activity to the ethanolic extract (1% w/w) whilst the
CP suspension (1% w/w) exhibited lower activity compared to the ethanolic extract.

Conclusion:
Production of suspensions of vegetable peels may unlock some biological potential
which could be optimised for applications in Nutrition, Agriculture, Medicine and Cosmetics.
COVID-19 Infection: A Review of Summarized Clinical Trials Study for the Treatment
Authors: Hussain Afzal , Hussain Ashfaq , Verma Chandan Kumar 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a widely infectious and pathogenic
viral infection. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan,
China, and spread throughout the world. Coronavirus is indeed an enveloped RNA virus of the genus
Betacoronavirus, which is transmitted to birds, humans as well as other mammals. The fastest human
to human transition has been generally established. On July 19, 2020, the WHO has reported total
confirmed cases: 1,40, 43,176, total confirmed new cases: 1,66,735, total deaths: 5,97,583, and total new
deaths: 4,496 globally.

Material & Methods:
In this review, the Clinical trial database is analyzed and systematically summarized
drugs which are in the recruiting phase and the completion phase of the clinical trial.

Results:
Total 383 clinical trials are listed, involving more than 350 medicines such as Deferoxamine,
Favipiravir, DAS181, Tocilizumab Injection, Sarilumab, Placebo, Sildenafil citrate tablets, Sargramostim,
Lopinavir/ritonavir, Remdesivir, Bevacizumab, Tetrandrine, Fingolimod, Methylprednisolone,
Plaquenil, Tocilizumab, Hydroxychloroquine, Abidol hydrochloride, Bevacizumab Injection, Methylprednisolone,
Amoxicillin-clavulanate, Moxifloxacin, Sarilumab, Darunavir, Cobicistat, etc.

Conclusion:
There is no commercially authorized antiviral treatment or vaccine suitable for use against
COVID-19. However, clinical trials represent an effective approach because they facilitate the development
of new types of pharmaceutical drugs.