bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short review on recent progress in Mn4+‐activated oxide phosphors for indoor plant light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Dhoble Sanjay J. , Priya Ruby , Dhoble N.S. , Pandey O.P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the modern era, growing number of indoor plants for various purposes, such as vegetation, flowering, and decorations, has increased over the traditional follow‐up trends for plantation. However, the indoor plantation requires different parameters for their growth; among these, light plays a significant role. In order to control the growth of plants using light‐emitting diodes, Mn‐doped oxide phosphors have emerged as promising candidates due to their broad and intense emission bands in the red and far‐red spectral range. In this review article, recent progress on Mn‐doped oxides for indoor plant growth has been reviewed. This review article is mainly divided into three parts. In the first part, different reaction conditions for the synthesis of Mn‐doped oxide phosphors are compared. In the second part, the luminescent and other photometric parameters of these are discussed. The influence of different co‐dopants on the luminescent characteristics has been elucidated in detail. The third part discusses the properties of light‐emitting diodes fabricated using these phosphors for plant growth. The present review article elucidates the synthesis parameters, luminescent properties, and light‐emitting diodes fabricated using Mn‐doped oxide materials for plant growth applications.
A new fluorescence method for detection of famotidine based on polyethyleneimine‐templated Ag nanoclusters
Authors: Shen Yu‐Mang , Tian Rui , Ma Hong‐Yan , Sun Xue‐Hua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA rapid, simple, inexpensive fluorescence analysis method for determination of famotidine based on polyethyleneimine (PEI)‐capped Ag nanoclusters (PEI‐Ag NCs) was developed. The study showed that addition of famotidine could cause efficient quenching of PEI‐Ag NC fluorescence, as the presence of famotidine could cause aggregation of Ag NCs and quench its fluorescence. The sensitivity and selectivity of the method were investigated and experimental conditions such as buffer type, pH, temperature, and reaction time were optimized. Under optimized conditions, the results showed a linear profile from 3.7 × 10−8 to 3.7 × 10−5 mol/L, and had a detection limit of 1.6 × 10−9 mol/L (S/N = 3).
Neural correlates of reward processing: Functional dissociation of two components within the ventral striatum
Authors: Grill Filip , Nyberg Lars , Rieckmann Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionRewarding and punishing stimuli elicit BOLD responses in the affective division of the striatum. The responses typically traverse from the affective to the associative division of the striatum, suggesting an involvement of associative processes during the modulation of stimuli valance. In this study, we hypothesized that fMRI responses to rewards versus punishments in a guessing card game can be disassociated into two functional component processes that reflect the convergence of limbic and associative functional networks in the ventral striatum.MethodsWe used fMRI data of 175 (92 female) subjects from the human connectome project´s gambling task, working memory task, and resting‐state scans. A reward > punish contrast identified a ventral striatum cluster from which voxelwise GLM parameter estimates were entered into a k‐means clustering algorithm. The k‐means analysis supported separating the cluster into two spatially distinct components. These components were used as seeds to investigate their functional connectivity profile. GLM parameter estimates were extracted and compared from the task contrasts reward > punish and 2‐back > 0‐back from two ROIs in the ventral striatum and one ROI in hippocampus.ResultsThe analyses converged to show that a superior striatal component, coupled with the ventral attention and frontal control networks, was responsive to both a modulation of cognitive control in working memory and to rewards, whereas the most inferior part of the ventral striatum, coupled with the limbic and default mode networks including the hippocampus, was selectively responsive to rewards.ConclusionWe show that the fMRI response to rewards in the ventral striatum reflects a mixture of component processes of reward. An inferior ventral striatal component and hippocampus are part of an intrinsically coupled network that responds to reward‐based processing during gambling. The more superior ventral striatal component is intrinsically coupled to networks involved with executive functioning and responded to both reward and cognitive control demands.
The lethality of non‐familial child abductions: Characteristics and outcomes of 565 incidents involving youth under the age of 18 years
Authors: Warren Janet I. , Reed James , Leviton April Celeste R. , Millspaugh Sara Byrd , Dietz Park , Grabowska Anita A. , Isom Adrienne N. , Shelton Joy Lynn E. , Lybert Kristen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOffender motivation for child abduction determines both the nature and final outcome of the abduction. Research has identified victim characteristics, offender characteristics, and sexual motivations as factors influencing child abduction and child abduction homicide. We examine 565 child abductions identified through the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to determine the characteristics of victim, perpetrator, and crime and their influence on whether the child is murdered. Central to this research was the finding that 88.6% of the abductions involved a sexual motivation for the crime, and sexual motivation was significantly more likely when the victim was female and when the victim was post‐pubescent. Of 581 child victims for whom the outcome of the abduction was known, 281 (48.3%) were found alive and 300 (51.7%) were found dead or presumed dead. There was a significant interaction between motive for the crime and the final abduction outcome, with victims abducted for sexual purposes being at higher risk of being murdered.
Transferability of miRNA‐technology to bioprocessing: Influence of cultivation mode and media
Authors: Leroux Ann‐Cathrin , Bartels Elisabeth , Winter Luise , Mann Melanie , Otte Kerstin , Zehe Christoph 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe biopharmaceutical industry strives for improvement of their production processes. In recent years, miRNAs have been shown to positively impact the production capacity of recombinant CHO cells, especially with regard to difficult to express proteins. Effective and reliable gene regulation of process relevant target genes by miRNAs is a prerequisite for integrating them into the toolbox of industrial cell engineering strategies. However, most studies rely on transient transfection of miRNA mimics; there is low standardization in evaluation of miRNA function and little knowledge on transferability of effects found during transient expression to stable expression during industry relevant fed‐batch cultivation. In order to provide more insight into this topic, we used the pcDNA6.2 vector for stable miRNA overexpression during batch and fed‐batch cultivation in CHO DG44 cells, optimized the vector, and compared the miRNA levels and effects with those achieved by transfection of miRNA mimics. We found that miR‐1 downregulated TWF1 mRNA in different recombinant CHO DG44 clones in a dose‐dependent manner during transient batch cultivation. Cells stably overexpressing miR‐1 also showed a TWF1 mRNA downregulation when cultivated in batch mode using in‐house medium 1. However, when the cells stably overexpressing miR‐1 were cultivated in fed‐batch mode using in‐house medium 2. Consequently, a change of cultivation mode and medium seems to have an impact on target gene regulation by miRNA. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance to standardize miRNA evaluations and test miRNAs in the final application environment.
Pyrene Tags for the Detection of Carbohydrates by Label‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Mass Spectrometry**
Authors: Hauser Jacob R. , Bergström Edmund T. , Kulak Alexander N. , Warriner Stuart L. , Thomas‐Oates Jane , Bon Robin S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) is widely used for the analysis of biomolecules. Label‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (LALDI‐MS) is a matrix‐free variant of MALDI‐MS, in which only analytes covalently attached to a laser desorption/ionisation (LDI) enhancer are detected. LALDI‐MS has shown promise in overcoming the limitations of MALDI‐MS in terms of sample preparation and MS analysis. In this work, we have developed a series of pyrene‐based LDI reagents (LALDI tags) that can be used for labelling and LALDI‐MS analysis of reducing carbohydrates from complex (biological) samples without the need for additional chemical derivatisation or purification. We have systematically explored the suitability of four pyrene‐based LDI enhancers and three aldehyde‐reactive handles, optimised sample preparation, and demonstrated the use of LALDI tags for the detection of lactose. We have also exemplified the potential of LALDI tags for labelling carbohydrates in biological samples by direct detection of lactose in cow's milk. These results demonstrate that LALDI‐MS is a promising technique for the analysis of reducing carbohydrates in biological samples, and pave the way for the development of LALDI‐MS for glycomics and diagnostics.
TGF‐β acts as a dual regulator of COX‐2/PGE2 tumor promotion depending of its cross‐interaction with H‐Ras and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: de Araújo Wallace M. , Tanaka Marcelo N. , Lima Pedro H. S. , de Moraes Cassio F. , Leve Fernanda , Bastos Lilian G. , Rocha Murilo R. , Robbs Bruno K. , Viola João P. B. , Morgado‐Diaz Jose A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) plays a dual role acting as tumor promoter or suppressor. Along with cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and oncogenic Ras, this multifunctional cytokine is deregulated in colorectal cancer. Despite their individual abilities to promote tumor growth and invasion, the mechanisms of cross regulation between these pathways is still unclear. Here, we investigate the effects of TGF‐β, Ras oncogene and COX‐2 in the colorectal cancer context. We used colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT‐29 and Ras‐transformed IEC‐6 cells, both treated with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), TGF‐β or a combined treatment with these agents. We demonstrated that PGE2 alters the subcellular localization of E‐cadherin and β‐catenin and enhanced the tumorigenic potential in HT‐29 cells. This effect was inhibited by TGF‐β, indicating a tumor suppressor role. Conversely, in Ras‐transformed IEC‐6 cells, TGF‐β induced COX‐2 expression and increased invasiveness, acting as a tumor promoter. In IEC‐6 Ras‐transformed cells, TGF‐β increased nuclear β‐catenin and Wnt/β‐catenin activation, opposite to what was seen in the PGE2 and TGF‐β joint treatment in HT‐29 cells. Together, our findings show that TGF‐β increases COX‐2 levels and induces invasiveness cooperating with Ras in a Wnt/β‐catenin activation‐dependent manner. This shows TGF‐β dual regulation over COX‐2/PGE2 tumor promotion depending on the H‐Ras and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways activation status in intestinal cancer cells.
Conservative management of petrous apex abscess and Gradenigo's syndrome in a diabetic patient: Case report and literature review
Authors: Guimaraes Guilherme Correa , de Freitas Paola Piva , da Silva Vagner Antonio Rodrigues , Castilho Arthur Menino 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe case reported evidences the possibility of nonsurgical treatment in patients with abscesses located in regions difficult to reach surgically due to surgical limitations or possible sequelae related to surgical procedure.
π–π Catalysis in Carbon Flatland—Flipping [8]Annulene on Graphene
Authors: Kroeger Asja A. , Karton Amir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNoncovalent interactions are an integral part of the modern catalysis toolbox. Although stronger noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding are commonly the main driving force of catalysis, π–π interactions typically provide smaller additional stabilizations, for example, to afford selectivity enhancements. Here, it is shown computationally that pristine graphene flakes may efficiently catalyze the skeletal inversions of various benzannulated cyclooctatetraene derivatives, providing an example of a catalytic process driven solely by π–π stacking interactions. Hereby, the catalytic effect results from disproportionate shape complementarity between catalyst and transition structure compared with catalyst and reactant. An energy decomposition analysis reveals electrostatic and, especially with increasing system size, to a larger extent, dispersion interactions as the origin of stabilization.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Aryl Migration/Desulfonylation Cascade: Synthesis of α‐Aryl Amides
Authors: Gillaizeau‐Simonian Nicolas , Barde Etienne , Guérinot Amandine , Cossy Janine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA cobalt‐catalyzed 1,4‐aryl migration/disulfonylation cascade applied to α‐bromo N‐sulfonyl amides was developed. The reaction was highly chemoselective, allowing the preparation of α‐aryl amides possessing a variety of functional groups. The method was used as the key step to synthesize an alkaloid, (±)‐deoxyeseroline. Mechanistic investigations suggest a radical process.
An insight into the formation of liquid bridge and its role on fracture capillary pressure during gravity drainage in fractured porous media
Authors: Harimi Behrouz , Masihi Mohsen , Ghazanfari Mohammad H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe formation of liquid bridges can maintain capillary continuity between matrix blocks during gas/oil gravity drainage in fractured reservoirs. A travelling oil drop draining into a fracture either forms a liquid bridge or breaks into detached drops. However, the different characteristics of a travelling drop during its elongation and required conditions for transformation into a liquid bridge are not well described in the published literature. In this work, a one‐dimensional model based on slender‐drop theory is employed that holds gravity, viscosity, and surface tension forces but ignores inertia. This model, together with Young‐Laplace equation, gives the fracture capillary pressure. Then, the effect of liquid influx rate, viscosity, surface tension, density difference, contact angle, and contact radius on the shape, critical (or maximum) volume, and length of travelling liquid drops is analyzed and compared with the results in the absence of flow (ie, pendant drops). Critical length is shown to be an increasing function of both liquid viscosity and the influx rate, but the effect of surface tension and density is somewhat case dependent. Furthermore, it is found that if fracture aperture is equal to or less than the critical length of a drop, the formed liquid bridge would be stable. Also, fracture capillary pressure is shown to be remarkable in thin fractures (apertures of less than 50 μm) with embedded liquid bridge. On the other hand, the suspended oil drops, even when reaching critical length, cannot provide considerable capillary pressure.
Eurasian water milfoil: Composition, recovery of phenolics and anthocyanins, and saccharification
Authors: Tonova Konstantza , Lazarova Madlena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEurasian water milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum; EWM) is an invasive aquatic weed that has spread worldwide but remains unstudied as a potential source of bioenergy and valuable chemicals. In this study, the composition of EWM biomass is characterized by determining the monosugar and lignin content, ash, and extractives. EWM extractives contain beneficial phenolic compounds, among them anthocyanin pigments. Following the biorefinery concept, a stepwise treatment of this aquatic plant was carried out toward integrating the extraction of phenolics with the saccharification of carbohydrates for viable biomass utilization. The recovery of phenolics and anthocyanin pigments was studied, in which different extracting compositions and conditions were applied. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated. Saccharification was carried out using autoclaving, followed by hydrolysis using common cellulase enzyme. Different media were studied. Under the best condition, the carbohydrates contained were hydrolyzed to reducing sugars, and the conversion rate to glucose reached 90%. The yield of glucose was 0.245 g g−1 dried plant. This study demonstrates the potential of EWM as a source of antioxidants comparable to some phenolics‐rich algae, and as a bioenergy resource comparable with other sugar‐rich macrophytes.
Burden of arrhythmia in hospitalized HIV patients
Authors: Abudan Anas A. , Vaidya Vaibhav R. , Tripathi Byomesh , Noseworthy Peter A. , DeSimone Daniel C. , Egbe Alexander , Arora Shilpkumar , Sridhar Haarini , DeSimone Christopher V. , Mulpuru Siva , Deshmukh Abhishek J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe improved life expectancy observed in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has made age‐related cardiovascular complications, including arrhythmias, a growing health concern.HypothesisWe describe the temporal trends in frequency of various arrhythmias and assess impact of arrhythmias on hospitalized HIV patients using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS).MethodsData on HIV‐related hospitalizations from 2005 to 2014 were obtained from the NIS database using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD‐9) codes. Data was further subclassified into hospitalizations with associated arrhythmias and those without. Baseline demographics and comorbidities were determined. Outcomes including in‐hospital mortality, cost of care, and length of stay were extracted. SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) was utilized for analysis. A multivariable analysis was performed to identify predictors of arrhythmias among hospitalized HIV patients.ResultsAmong 2 370 751 HIV‐related hospitalizations identified, the overall frequency of any arrhythmia was 3.01%. Atrial fibrillation (AF) was the most frequent arrhythmia (2110 per 100 000). The overall frequency of arrhythmias increased over time by 108%, primarily due to a 132% increase in AF. Arrhythmias are more frequent among older males, lowest income quartile, and nonelective admissions. Patients with arrhythmias had a higher in‐hospital mortality rate (9.6%). In‐hospital mortality among patients with arrhythmias decreased over time by 43.8%. The cost of care and length of stay associated with arrhythmia‐related hospitalizations were mostly unchanged.ConclusionsArrhythmias are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized HIV patients. AF is the most frequent arrhythmia in hospitalized HIV patients.
Crystalloids in FNA specimens of salivary gland lesions: A retrospective study in a single large institute
Authors: Sun Tong , Faquin William C. , Torous Vanda F. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIdentifying crystalloids, which includes amylase and tyrosine crystalloids, is relatively uncommon in salivary gland fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. Although it has been suggested that the presence of crystalloids favors a benign process, the full significance has not been well established.MethodsThe authors performed a review of slides from all salivary gland FNA cases received in their laboratory from January 2017 to September 2019 to identify cases with crystalloids (screened cohort). In addition, the departmental archives were searched retrospectively for all salivary gland FNA cases that had specifically reported crystalloids. Cytologic findings as well as correlation with surgical pathology and clinical follow‐up were examined.ResultsThere were 664 cases in the screened cohort. Crystalloids were present in 37 cases (incidence, 5.6%). Amylase crystalloids were the most commonly identified (n = 28; 75%), followed by tyrosine crystalloids (n = 4; 11%), and collagenous crystalloids (n = 1; 3%). Four cases with crystalloids could not be further classified because of low quantity (n = 4; 11%). An additional 54 cases were identified in the 10‐year retrospective review. Diagnostic categorization for the total cohort (N = 91) was as follows: nondiagnostic, 30 cases (33%); nonneoplastic/benign, 42 cases (46%); neoplasm: benign, 10 cases (11%); and atypia of undetermined significance, 9 cases (10%). Twenty‐six cases had subsequent resection findings, including oncocytic cyst/cystadenoma in 8 cases (31%), chronic sialadenitis/ductal obstructive change in 7 cases (27%), pleomorphic adenoma in 5 cases (27%), developmental cyst in 3 cases (12%), lymphoepithelial cyst in 2 cases (8%), and Warthin tumor in 1 case (4%).ConclusionsThis cohort represents the largest FNA series of salivary gland crystalloids. All cases were associated with nonneoplastic or benign neoplastic lesions.
Multi‐swarm competitive swarm optimizer for large‐scale optimization by entropy‐assisted diversity measurement and management
Authors: Li Wuzhao , Guo Weian , Li Yongmei , Wang Lei , Wu Qidi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs a crucial factor, population diversity greatly affects performances of swarm intelligence algorithms. Especially, for large‐scale optimization problems (LSOPs), the searching space is huge and the number of local optima dramatically increases. Hence to well address LSOPs, a healthy population diversity is helpful to prevent a swarm from premature convergence. However, this is a big challenge to balance exploration and exploitation for swarm intelligence algorithms. To handle with this issue, in this paper, we design a novel algorithm structure for swarm update. In the proposed algorithm, a swarm is divided into several groups and conduct competition in each group where the loser will learn from the winner and meanwhile the winner does nothing in the corresponding iteration. For diversity measurement, we abandon the distance‐based measurement, but employ a frequency‐based measurement, namely entropy indicator, so that the diversity maintenance can be conducted with a different measurement of convergence situation. In this way, the diversity maintenance and convergence can be conducted simultaneously and independently. The benchmarks on the suite of LSOPs are employed to validate the performance of a proposed algorithm. By comparing several state‐of‐the‐art competitor algorithms, the results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective and competitive in dealing with LSOPs.
CRISPR/Cas9‐Based Genome Editing of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADE2 Gene with Restriction‐Free Cloning and a Rapid BamHI Digest Readout
Authors: Sirois Allison R. , Pilotte Nils , Williams Steven A. , Saunders Lori J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR‐associated systems (CRISPR/Cas) are revolutionary tools for predictable and repeatable genome editing. In this article, the CRISPR/Cas9 system will be used to engineer the genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As a model organism utilized across biological disciplines, efficient and tailorable methods for engineering the yeast genome are indispensable for a variety of research, educational, and commercial applications. The protocols described here incorporate a simple restriction‐free cloning strategy and digestion‐based screening method that can be readily and easily modified to suit user‐designed experimental needs. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Recombinant pCAS plasmid preparationBasic Protocol 2: Barcode/editing fragment assemblyBasic Protocol 3: Gene editing by yeast co‐transformationAlternate Protocol: Competent yeast preparation and transformation by a lithium acetate/single‐stranded carrier method