bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐of‐flight secondary ion tandem mass spectrometry depth profiling of organic light‐emitting diode devices for elucidating the degradation process
Authors: Iida Shin‐ichi , Murakami Tetsushi , Kurosawa Yu , Suzuri Yoshiyuki , Fisher Gregory L. , Miyayama Takuya 
Published: October 2019

RationaleOrganic light‐emitting diode (OLED) products based on display applications have become popular in the past 10 years, and new products are being commercialized with rapid frequency. Despite the many advantages of OLEDs, these devices still have a problem concerning lifetime. To gain an understanding of the degradation process, the authors have investigated the molecular information for deteriorated OLED devices using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS).MethodsTOF‐SIMS depth profiling is an indispensable method for evaluating OLED devices. However, the depth profiles of OLEDs are generally difficult due to the mass interference among organic compounds, including degradation products. In this study, the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) depth profiling method was used to characterize OLED devices.ResultsAfter degradation, defects comprised of small hydrocarbons were observed. Within the defect area, the diffusion of all OLED compounds was also observed. It is supposed that the source of the small hydrocarbons derives from decomposition of the OLED compounds and/or contaminants at the ITO interface.ConclusionsThe true compound distributions have been determined using MS/MS depth profiling methods. The results suggest that luminance decay is mainly due to the decomposition and diffusion of OLED compounds, and that OLED decomposition may be accelerated by adventitious hydrocarbons present at the ITO surface.
High‐resolution mass spectrometry for future space missions: Comparative analysis of complex organic matter with LAb‐CosmOrbitrap and laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance
Authors: Selliez Laura , Maillard Julien , Cherville Barnabe , Gautier Thomas , Thirkell Laurent , Gaubicher Bertrand , Schmitz‐Afonso Isabelle , Afonso Carlos , Briois Christelle , Carrasco Nathalie 
Published: October 2019

RationaleMass spectrometers are regularly boarded on spacecraft for the exploration of the Solar System. A better understanding of the origin, distribution and evolution of organic matter and its relationships with inorganic matter in different extra‐terrestrial environments requires the development of innovative space tools, described as Ultra‐High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHRMS) instruments.MethodsAnalyses of a complex organic material simulating extraterrestrial matter (Titan's tholins) are performed with a homemade space‐designed Orbitrap™ equipped with a laser ablation ionization source at 266 nm: the LAb‐CosmOrbitrap. Mass spectra are obtained using only one laser shot and transient duration of 838 ms. A comparison is made on the same sample with a laboratory benchmark mass spectrometer: a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance equipped with a laser desorption ionization source at 355 nm (LDI‐FTICR) allowing accumulation of 20,000 laser shots.ResultsMass spectra and attributions of molecular formulae based on the peaks detected by both techniques show significant similarities. Detection and identification of the same species are validated. The formation of clusters ions with the LAb‐CosmOrbitrap is also presented. This specific feature brings informative and unusual indirect detections about the chemical compounds constituting Titan's tholins. In particular, the detection of HCN confirms previous results obtained with laboratory Electrospray Ionization (ESI)‐UHRMS studies about the understanding of polymeric patterns for the formation of tholins.ConclusionsThe capabilities of the LAb‐CosmOrbitrap to decipher complex organic mixtures using single laser shot and a short transient are highlighted. In agreement with results provided by a commercial FTICR instrument in the laboratory, we demonstrate in this work the relevance of a space laser‐CosmOrbitrap instrument for future planetary exploration.
New noise‐to‐state stability and instability criteria for random nonlinear systems
Authors: Yao Liqiang , Zhang Weihai 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis paper investigates the noise‐to‐state stability and instability criteria for random nonlinear affine systems. Firstly, some new noise‐to‐state stability theorems, which weaken the sufficient conditions in the existing stability criteria on random nonlinear systems, are given by means of the uniformly asymptotically stable function. Secondly, the noise‐to‐state instability definitions are introduced and the sufficient conditions of noise‐to‐state instability are provided based on a new established lemma and the uniformly asymptotically stable function. Finally, some examples show the feasibility of theoretical findings.
Syntheses and Biological Importance of Herboxidiene/GEX1A
Authors: Thirupathi Barla , Zilla Mahesh Kumar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe importance of exceptionally potent bioactivities, scarcity of natural abundance and interesting structural features of herboxidiene/GEX1A attracted great interest from synthetic, medicinal chemists. In this review we discussed chemical syntheses and biological significances of herboxidiene/GEX1A. Aim of this review to gather valuable insights by various research groups into one place, to accelerate and design an efficient synthetic methods and surplus biological studies of herboxidiene/GEX1A. Existing reports are useful for design and develop new medications, reports includes: herbicidal activity, lowering of plasma cholesterol, anti‐tumor activity in numerous cell lines, pre‐mRNA splicing‐modulatory action, activity against Niemann‐Pick disease type C (NPC), and focuses on total syntheses of herboxidiene/GEX1A (Figure 1).
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Copper Electroforming on an Aluminum Substrate as a Rotating Cone Electrode Cell
Authors: Memannavaz Hossein , Pebdeni Hamid H. , Liaghat Gholmhossein , Rahmati Sadegh , Najafi Mohammad , Fazeli Hamid 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the advantages of numerical simulation to improve the process of copper electroforming are demonstrated. In this regard, the finite element model of copper electroforming for a rotating cone electrode was first prepared and then, the effect of the key parameters, such as applied current density, solution conductivity, electrode spacing, and anode height, on the uniformity of the thickness was investigated. The model combines tertiary current distribution with Bulter–Volmer electrode kinetics and computational fluid dynamics at the turbulent condition. In order to validate the model, a cone‐shaped shell was produced by electroforming method in the laboratory. The obtained results illustrate that the tertiary current distribution model on the rotating cone cell cathode is accurate and efficient for the electroforming process simulation and it can be used for parametric studies. Moreover, the effect of the current density on the morphology and properties of the electroformed layer was investigated.
Developing a simple method to enhance the generation of cone and rod photoreceptors in pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids
Authors: Zerti Darin , Dorgau Birthe , Felemban Majed , Ghareeb Ali E. , Yu Min , Ding Yuchun , Krasnogor Natalio , Lako Majlinda 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cell replacement therapy is a promising treatment for irreversible retinal cell death in diverse diseases such as Stargardt's disease, age-related macular degeneration, and retinitis pigmentosa. The final impact of all retinal dystrophies is the loss of photoreceptors; hence, there is a pressing need for research into replacement. Seminal work has shown that a simple three-dimensional culture system enables differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to retinal organoids containing large numbers of photoreceptors developing alongside retinal neurons and Müller glia cells in a laminated structure that resembles the native retina. Despite these promising developments, current protocols show different efficiencies across pluripotent stem cells and result in retinal organoids with a mixture of photoreceptor cells at varying maturation states, along with nonphotoreceptor cell types. In this study, we investigated the impact of stage-specific addition of retinoic acid (RA), 9-cis-retinal, 11-cis-retinal, levodopa (l-DOPA), triiodothyronine (T3), and γ-secretase inhibitor ((2S)-N-[(3,5-Difluorophenyl)acetyl]-l-alanyl-2-phenyl]glycine1,1-dimethylethyl ester2L [DAPT]) in the generation of cone and rod photoreceptors. Our results indicate that addition of RA + T3 during days 90 to 120 of differentiation enhanced the generation of rod and S-cone photoreceptor formation, while the combined addition of DAPT from days 28 to 42 with RA during days 30 to 120 of differentiation led to enhanced generation of L/M-cones at the expense of rods. l-DOPA when added together with RA during days 90 to 120 of differentiation also promoted the emergence of S-cones at the expense of rod photoreceptors. Collectively, these data represent an advance in our ability to direct generation of rod and cone photoreceptors in vitro.
Punching behavior of BubbleDeck type reinforced concrete slabs
Authors: Nicácio Wanderley G. , Barros Joaquim A. O. , Melo Guilherme S. S. A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe BubbleDeck type slab (BD) is a reinforced concrete (RC) flat slab that includes recycled plastic hollow spheres (RPHS) in its core for decreasing its dead weight. However, punching capacity of BD slabs can be a critical aspect, thereby this work is devoted to assess experimentally its punching behavior. An experimental program composed of four real scale prototypes, representative of RC flat slabs in punching loading conditions, was carried out. Two of these slabs are of BD type, while the other two do not include the RPHS system, herein denominated as RC solid slab (SS). The test results show that all the tested slabs failed in punching after the occurrence of yield initiation of the flexural reinforcement. The punching capacity and the deflection at failure of BD type slab has decreased up to 14% and up to 44%, respectively, when compared to the corresponding SS type slab. A relatively small ductility index was obtained (between 1.51 and 2.65). In BD type slabs, the punching failure surface had tendency to propagate through the RPHS, at an inclination angle of about 45°.
Xenobiotica-metabolizing enzymes in the lung of experimental animals, man and in human lung models
Authors: Oesch F. , Fabian E. , Landsiedel Robert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe xenobiotic metabolism in the lung, an organ of first entry of xenobiotics into the organism, is crucial for inhaled compounds entering this organ intentionally (e.g. drugs) and unintentionally (e.g. work place and environmental compounds). Additionally, local metabolism by enzymes preferentially or exclusively occurring in the lung is important for favorable or toxic effects of xenobiotics entering the organism also by routes other than by inhalation. The data collected in this review show that generally activities of cytochromes P450 are low in the lung of all investigated species and in vitro models. Other oxidoreductases may turn out to be more important, but are largely not investigated. Phase II enzymes are generally much higher with the exception of UGT glucuronosyltransferases which are generally very low. Insofar as data are available the xenobiotic metabolism in the lung of monkeys comes closed to that in the human lung; however, very few data are available for this comparison. Second best rate the mouse and rat lung, followed by the rabbit. Of the human in vitro model primary cells in culture, such as alveolar macrophages and alveolar type II cells as well as the A549 cell line appear quite acceptable. However, (1) this generalization represents a temporary oversimplification born from the lack of more comparable data; (2) the relative suitability of individual species/models is different for different enzymes; (3) when more data become available, the conclusions derived from these comparisons quite possibly may change.
Plemelj–Sokhotski isomorphism for quasicircles in Riemann surfaces and the Schiffer operators
Authors: Schippers Eric , Staubach Wolfgang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Let R be a compact Riemann surface and $$\Gamma $$
Γ
be a Jordan curve separating R into connected components $$\Sigma _1$$

Σ
1

and $$\Sigma _2$$

Σ
2

. We consider Calderón–Zygmund type operators $$T(\Sigma _1,\Sigma _k)$$

T
(

Σ
1

,

Σ
k

)

taking the space of $$L^2$$

L
2

anti-holomorphic one-forms on $$\Sigma _1$$

Σ
1

to the space of $$L^2$$

L
2

holomorphic one-forms on $$\Sigma _k$$

Σ
k

for $$k=1,2$$

k
=
1
,
2

, which we call the Schiffer operators. We extend results of Max Schiffer and others, which were confined to analytic Jordan curves $$\Gamma $$
Γ
, to general quasicircles, and prove new identities for adjoints of the Schiffer operators. Furthermore, let V be the space of anti-holomorphic one-forms which are orthogonal to $$L^2$$

L
2

anti-holomorphic one-forms on R with respect to the inner product on $$\Sigma _1$$

Σ
1

. We show that the restriction of the Schiffer operator $$T(\Sigma _1,\Sigma _2)$$

T
(

Σ
1

,

Σ
2

)

to V is an isomorphism onto the set of exact holomorphic one-forms on $$\Sigma _2$$

Σ
2

. Using the relation between this Schiffer operator and a Cauchy-type integral involving Green’s function, we also derive a jump decomposition (on arbitrary Riemann surfaces) for quasicircles and initial data which are boundary values of Dirichlet-bounded harmonic functions and satisfy the classical algebraic constraints. In particular we show that the jump operator is an isomorphism on the subspace determined by these constraints.
RVD induction and autologous stem cell transplantation followed by lenalidomide maintenance in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a phase 2 study of the Finnish Myeloma Group
Authors: Luoma Sini , Anttila Pekka , Säily Marjaana , Lundan Tuija , Heiskanen Jouni , Siitonen Timo , Kakko Sakari , Putkonen Mervi , Ollikainen Hanna , Terävä Venla , Sankelo Marja , Partanen Anu , Launonen Kirsi , Räsänen Anu , Sikiö Anu , Suominen Merja , Bazia Piotr , Kananen Kristiina , Lievonen Juha , Selander Tuomas , Pelliniemi Tarja-Terttu , Ilveskero Sorella , Huotari Virva , Mäntymaa Pentti , Tienhaara Anri , Jantunen Esa , Silvennoinen Raija 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) combined with novel agents is the standard treatment for transplant-eligible, newly diagnosed myeloma (NDMM) patients. Lenalidomide is approved for maintenance after ASCT until progression, although the optimal duration of maintenance is unknown. In this trial, 80 patients with NDMM received three cycles of lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone followed by ASCT and lenalidomide maintenance until progression or toxicity. The primary endpoint was the proportion of flow-negative patients. Molecular response was assessed if patients were flow-negative or in stringent complete response (sCR). By intention to treat, the overall response rate was 89%. Neither median progression-free survival nor overall survival (OS) has been reached. The OS at 3 years was 83%. Flow-negativity was reached in 53% and PCR-negativity in 28% of the patients. With a median follow-up of 27 months, 29 (36%) patients are still on lenalidomide and 66% of them have sustained flow-negativity. Lenalidomide maintenance phase was reached in 8/16 high-risk patients but seven of them have progressed after a median of only 6 months. In low- or standard-risk patients, the outcome was promising, but high-risk patients need more effective treatment approach. Flow-negativity with the conventional flow was an independent predictor for longer PFS.
Therapies to limit myocardial injury in animal models of myocarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Silverblatt Joshua A. , Ziff Oliver J. , Dancy Luke , Daniel Allen , Carter Ben , Scott Paul , Sado Daniel M. , Shah Ajay , Bromage Daniel I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Current myocarditis guidelines do not advocate treatment to prevent myocardial injury and scar deposition in patients with myocarditis and normal left ventricular ejection fraction. We aimed to ascertain the utility of beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and antagonists of the renin–angiotensin system in ameliorating myocardial injury, scar formation and calcification in animal in vivo models of myocarditis. The project was prospectively registered with the PROSPERO database of systematic reviews (CRD42018089336). Primary outcomes (necrosis, fibrosis and calcification) were meta-analysed with random-effects modelling. 52 studies were systematically reviewed. Meta-analysis was performed compared with untreated controls. In each study, we identified all independent comparisons of treatment versus control groups. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) indicated treatment reduced necrosis by 16.9% (71 controlled analyses, 95% CI 13.2–20.7%; P < 0.001), however there was less evidence of an effect after accounting for publication bias. Treatment led to a 12.8% reduction in fibrosis (73 controlled analyses, 95% CI 7.6–18.0%; P < 0.001). After accounting for publication bias this was attenuated to 7.8% but remained significant. Treatment reduced calcification by 4.1% (28 controlled analyses, 95% CI 0.2–8.0%; P < 0.0395). We observed significant heterogeneity in effect size in all primary endpoints, which was predominantly driven by differences between drug categories. Beta blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were the only agents that were effective for both necrosis and fibrosis, while only ACE inhibitors had a significant effect on calcification. This study provides evidence for a role for ACE inhibitors and beta blockers to prevent myocardial injury and scar deposition in in vivo models of myocarditis. There is a need for further well-designed studies to assess the translational application of these treatments.
Preservation of residual hearing after cochlear implant surgery with slim modiolar electrode
Authors: Iso-Mustajärvi Matti , Sipari Sini , Löppönen Heikki , Dietz Aarno 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the insertion results and hearing preservation of a novel slim modiolar electrode (SME) in patients with residual hearing.

Methods
We retrospectively collected the data from the medical files of 17 patients (18 ears) implanted with a SME. All patients had functional low frequency hearing (PTA (0.125–0.5 kHz) ≤ 80 dB HL). The insertion results were re-examined from the postoperative cone-beam computed tomography scans. Postoperative thresholds were obtained at the time of switch-on of the sound processors (mean 43 days) and at latest follow-up (mean 582 days). The speech recognition in noise was measured with the Finnish matrix sentence test preoperatively and at follow-up.

Results
The mean insertion depth angle (IDA) was 395°. Neither scala dislocations nor tip fold over were detected. There were no total hearing losses. Functional low-frequency hearing was preserved in 15/18 (83%) ears at switch-on and in 14/17 (82%) ears at follow-up. According to HEARRING classification, 55% (10/18) had complete HP at switch-on and 41% (7/17) still at follow-up. Thirteen patients (14 ears) were initially fitted with electric–acoustic stimulation and seven patients (8 ears) continued to use it after follow-up.

Conclusions
The preliminary hearing preservation results with the SME were more favorable than reported for other perimodiolar electrodes. The results show that the array may also be feasible for electro-acoustic stimulation; it is beneficial in that it provides adequate cochlear coverage for pure electrical stimulation in the event of postoperative or progressive hearing loss.
Fat oxidation at rest and during exercise in male monozygotic twins
Authors: Karppinen Jari E. , Rottensteiner Mirva , Wiklund Petri , Hämäläinen Kaisa , Laakkonen Eija K. , Kaprio Jaakko , Kainulainen Heikki , Kujala Urho M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
We aimed to investigate if hereditary factors, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and metabolic health interact with resting fat oxidation (RFO) and peak fat oxidation (PFO) during ergometer cycling.

Methods
We recruited 23 male monozygotic twin pairs (aged 32–37 years) and determined their RFO and PFO with indirect calorimetry for 21 and 19 twin pairs and for 43 and 41 twin individuals, respectively. Using physical activity interviews and the Baecke questionnaire, we identified 10 twin pairs as LTPA discordant for the past 3 years. Of the twin pairs, 8 pairs participated in both RFO and PFO measurements, and 2 pairs participated in either of the measurements. We quantified the participants’ metabolic health with a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test.

Results
Fat oxidation within co-twins was correlated at rest [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–0.78] and during exercise (ICC = 0.67, 95% CI 0.33–0.86). The LTPA-discordant pairs had no pairwise differences in RFO or PFO. In the twin individual-based analysis, PFO was positively correlated with the past 12-month LTPA (r = 0.26, p = 0.034) and the Baecke score (r = 0.40, p = 0.022) and negatively correlated with the area under the curve of insulin (r = − 0.42, p = 0.015) and glucose (r = − 0.31, p = 0.050) during the oral glucose tolerance test.

Conclusions
Hereditary factors were more important than LTPA for determining fat oxidation at rest and during exercise. Additionally, PFO, but not RFO, was associated with better metabolic health.
Non-Monochromatic and Conflict-Free Colorings on Tree Spaces and Planar Network Spaces
Authors: Aronov Boris , de Berg Mark , Markovic Aleksandar , Woeginger Gerhard 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It is well known that any set of n intervals in $$\mathbb {R} ^1$$R1 admits a non-monochromatic coloring with two colors and a conflict-free coloring with three colors. We investigate generalizations of this result to colorings of objects in more complex 1-dimensional spaces, namely so-called tree spaces and planar network spaces.
Finding possible pharmacological effects of identified organic compounds in medicinal waters (BTEX and phenolic compounds)
Authors: Szabó István , Varga Csaba 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Medicinal thermal waters consist of a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Traditionally, these waters are only characterized and classified by their inorganic composition; however, the bioavailability of the majority of these inorganic compounds is limited. Many authors investigate the organic fractions of thermal waters. These authors propose that these compounds have a potential effect on health. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, it is crucial to know the composition of the organic fractions. The absorption of these compounds on intact skin or mucosa is notable. Some of them have local anaesthetic effect or affect receptors in the central nervous system. In the knowledge of the chemical composition, we are able to estimate the possible pharmacological effect or might be able to assess possible toxicity risks. In the present article, we aim to review possible health effects of two of the identified organic fractions: benzene and alkylbenzenes and phenolic compounds that might correlate with the therapeutic effect on rheumatological or other diseases.