bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome size evolution and chromosome numbers of species of the cryptanthoid complex (Bromelioideae, Bromeliaceae) in a phylogenetic framework
Authors: Alves Dos Santos Cruz Geyner , Mendonça Filho José Roseno De , Vasconcelos Santelmo , Gitaí Jaílson , Salabert De Campos José Marcello , Facio Viccini Lyderson , Zizka Georg , Leme Elton Martinez Carvalho , Brasileiro-Vidal Ana Christina , Benko-Iseppon Ana Maria 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We describe the chromosome numbers and genome sizes of species of the cryptanthoid complex of Bromeliaceae in a phylogenetic framework and their relationship with habitat preferences. The 2C DNA contents varied 2.13-fold among species, ranging from 0.76 to 1.66 pg. A significant difference in DNA content was found among Cryptanthus, Hoplocryptanthus and Rokautskyia. Moreover, species from campos rupestres and the Atlantic Forest had lower and higher genome size values, respectively. The smaller genome sizes of Hoplocryptanthus spp. from campos rupestres may be related with the large genome constraint. The species show a highly conserved ploidy (with 2n = 32 and 34), although the genome sizes varied considerably. The observed variation in chromosome numbers seems to be influenced by dysploidy, but additional investigations are needed. Our study demonstrates that the genome size variation in the cryptanthoid complex species is not strictly related to the phylogenetic relationships and has probably been influenced by different evolutionary processes.
MNVPCS: Multinode Virtual-Point–Based Charging Scheme to Prolong the Lifetime of Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks
Authors: Chang Hong-Yi , Hang Zih-Huan , Tzang Yih-Jou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWireless-charging technology can utilize a mobile wireless charging vehicle (WCV) to rescue dying nodes by supplementing their remaining energy, and using WCVs in this way forms wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs). However, a WCV in a WRSN encounters several challenges, collectively called the optimized charging problem. This problem involves a set of sensor nodes randomly distributed on the ground for which the WCV must determine an appropriate travel path to charge the sensor nodes. Because these sensor nodes have different workloads, they exhibit different energy consumption profiles over time. Resolving the above-mentioned problem requires the determination of the priority of charging the sensor nodes based on the order in which they are expected to die and subsequently finding the most efficient path to charge the sensor nodes such that sensor death is avoided for as long as possible. Furthermore, the most efficient placement of the charging point needs to be considered when planning the charging path. To address this, the proposed multinode virtual point-based charging scheme (MNVPCS) considers both the planning of an efficient charging and the best location for the charging point. Experimental results show that MNVPCS can improve the lifetime of the entire WRSN and substantially outperform other methods on this measure.
Acute papillary muscle infarction and rupture in the puerperium complicating Libman–Sacks endocarditis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome: a case report
Authors: Curtis Elizabeth , Corkill Michael , Amir Nezar , Haydock David 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Acute heart failure caused by severe mitral regurgitation (MR) due to papillary muscle rupture has been described in the puerperium by case reports; however, the majority of cases of papillary muscle rupture are caused by myocardial infarction. We describe papillary muscle rupture occurring in the postpartum period in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS), and chronic Libman–Sacks endocarditis and explore the multifactorial nature of the papillary muscle infarction and rupture in the setting of postpartum fluid shifts, chronic myocardial injury from Libman–Sacks, and high thrombotic risk.

Case summary
A 29-year-old woman presented with acute heart failure 2 weeks’ postpartum and was found to have acute MR due to a flail leaflet caused by papillary muscle rupture. She proceeded to emergency surgery with mitral valve (MV) replacement and the histology revealed evidence of chronic Libman–Sacks endocarditis and papillary muscle infarction with thrombi in the intramyocardial arteries.

Discussion
This is the second case report of papillary muscle rupture in the puerperium in a patient with SLE in the literature, the other case was caused by catastrophic APLS. However, in this case, the cause of the rupture is likely to be multifactorial; as a consequence of thrombosis in the microvasculature causing isolated papillary muscle ischaemia, and fibrosis of the muscle due to chronic Libman–Sacks endocarditis resulting in limited pliability which caused rupture of the papillary muscle when faced with the added stress of increased volume that occurs in the puerperium.
Percutaneous closure of an uncommon aortic pseudoaneurysm after arterial switch repair: a case report
Authors: Carmans Lisa , De Meester Pieter , Budts Werner , Troost Els 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The development of an aortic pseudoaneurysm is a rather rare but potentially fatal complication after cardiac surgery for aortic valve and aorta disease. If a pseudoaneurysm is left untreated, it carries a substantial risk of rupture, thrombosis with subsequently systemic embolization, and compression of the surrounding structures.

Case summary
We describe a case of a transcatheter repair of a more complex and uncommon pseudoaneurysm following aortic valve replacement in a patient with a history of arterial switch repair for transposition of the great arteries. The pseudoaneurysm originated from the aortic wall and connected to the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). The connection to LVOT was closed with a duct occluder, the neck to the aortic wall with an atrial septal defect occluder. After 1 month, the complete pseudoaneurysm was successfully thrombosed.

Discussion
Percutaneous closure of a complex pseudoaneurysm after arterial switch repair is feasible and safe. However, lifelong follow-up is needed to determine the late results after transcatheter interventions.
Myocardial bridging in the era of a drug epidemic: a case report addressing the need to revisit donor organ assessment
Authors: Dahiya Garima , McQuade Derek , Alpert Craig 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Myocardial bridging (MB), though typically a benign finding, may occasionally lead to syncope, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, or sudden death. Surgical denervation of transplanted hearts complicates the management of such incidentally detected post-transplant coronary anomalies due to the lack of classic ischaemic symptoms.

Case summary
A middle-aged female underwent an uncomplicated cardiac transplantation from a healthy male donor in his early 20s who had suffered a cardiac arrest while using cocaine. Given the young donor age, a pre-transplant coronary angiogram (CAG) was deferred. However, 6-week post-transplant, routine CAG, and intravascular ultrasound revealed an extensive MB spanning a significant portion of the left anterior descending coronary artery with substantial myocardium at risk. A stress test with myocardial perfusion imaging performed to evaluate the functional significance of the bridge did not reveal any perfusion abnormalities in the myocardium at risk.

Discussion
In current practice, younger donors often do not undergo pre-transplantation CAG routinely performed in older donors given the lower prevalence of significant coronary disease. However, post-operatively this young donor was found to have passed on a potentially life-threatening MB to a denervated recipient, who cannot manifest typical anginal symptoms during ischaemia, thereby challenging providers to choose among strategies of watchful waiting, risk stratification, or pre-emptive intervention. In retrospect, the donor’s mode of death may have signalled an underlying structural abnormality that warranted further pre-transplant characterization. In order to ensure optimal quality of transplanted hearts, young donors may warrant pre-transplant CAG despite their age, particularly those with a history of drug use or suspicious mode of death.
Tracheobronchoplasty after a trial with a silicone Y-stent in a patient with Mounier-Kuhn syndrome
Authors: Muñoz Fos Anna , Cosano Javier , Wins Richard , Galán Genaro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Tracheobronchomegaly or Mounier-Kuhn syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by the widening of the trachea and the main bronchi. It is a form of tracheomalacia called ‘cartilaginous malacic’ and is characterized by deformation of the tracheal cartilages and intrusion of the redundant membranous wall into the lumen of the airway. We present a patient with Mounier-Kuhn syndrome managed like patients with tracheomalacia of other aetiologies—a tracheobronchoplasty with a reconstructed D-shaped trachea and stabilization of the posterior membranous wall by attaching a polypropylene mesh to the posterior membranous wall of the trachea and the main bronchi after a trial period with a tracheobronchial Y-shaped silicone stent.
Acute myocardial infarction treatments and outcomes in 6.5 million patients with a current or historical diagnosis of cancer in the USA
Authors: Bharadwaj Aditya , Potts Jessica , Mohamed Mohamed O , Parwani Purvi , Swamy Pooja , Lopez-Mattei Juan C , Rashid Muhammad , Kwok Chun Shing , Fischman David L , Vassiliou Vassilios S , Freeman Philip , Michos Erin D , Mamas Mamas A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study is to evaluate temporal trends, treatment, and clinical outcomes of patients who present with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and have a current or historical diagnosis of cancer, according to cancer type and presence of metastases.

Methods and results
Data from 6 563 255 patients presenting with an AMI between 2004 and 2014 from the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database were analysed. A total of 5 966 955 had no cancer, 186 604 had current cancer, and 409 697 had a historical diagnosis of cancer. Prostate, breast, colon, and lung cancer were the four most common types of cancer. Patients with cancer were older with more comorbidities. Differences in invasive treatment were noted, 43.9% received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients without cancer, whilst only 21.0% of patients with lung cancer received PCI. Lung cancer was associated with the highest in-hospital mortality [odds ratio (OR) 2.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.62–2.80], major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications (OR 2.38, 95% CI 2.31–2.45), and stroke (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.80–2.02), while colon cancer was associated with highest risk of bleeding (OR 2.82, 95% CI 2.68–2.98). Irrespective of the type of cancer, presence of metastasis was associated with worse in-hospital outcomes, and historical cancer did not adversely impact on survival (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.89–0.91).

Conclusion
A concomitant cancer diagnosis is associated with a conservative medical management strategy for AMI, and worse clinical outcomes, compared to patients without cancer. Survival and clinical outcomes in the context of AMI vary significantly according to the type of cancer and metastasis status. The management of this high-risk group is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary and patient-centred approach to improve their outcomes.
Adipocytes promote interleukin-18 binding to its receptors during abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice
Authors: Liu Cong-Lin , Ren Jingyuan , Wang Yunzhe , Zhang Xian , Sukhova Galina K , Liao Mengyang , Santos Marcela , Luo Songyuan , Yang Dafeng , Xia Mingcan , Inouye Karen , Hotamisligil Gökhan S , Lu Guanyi , Upchurch Gilbert R , Libby Peter , Guo Junli , Zhang Jinying , Shi Guo-Ping 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
Obesity is a risk factor of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL18) has two receptors: IL18 receptor (IL18r) and Na-Cl co-transporter (NCC). In human and mouse AAA lesions, IL18 colocalizes to its receptors at regions rich in adipocytes, suggesting a role of adipocytes in promoting IL18 actions in AAA development.

Methods and results
We localized both IL18r and NCC in human and mouse AAA lesions. Murine AAA development required both receptors. In mouse AAA lesions, IL18 binding to these receptors increased at regions enriched in adipocytes or adjacent to perivascular adipose tissue. 3T3-L1 adipocytes enhanced IL18 binding to macrophages, aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and endothelial cells by inducing the expression of both IL18 receptors on these cells. Adipocytes also enhanced IL18r and IL18 expression from T cells and macrophages, AAA-pertinent protease expression from macrophages, and SMC apoptosis. Perivascular implantation of adipose tissue from either diet-induced obese mice or lean mice but not that from leptin-deficient ob/ob mice exacerbated AAA development in recipient mice. Further experiments established an essential role of adipocyte leptin and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) in promoting IL18 binding to macrophages and possibly other inflammatory and vascular cells by inducing their expression of IL18, IL18r, and NCC.

Conclusion
Interleukin-18 uses both IL18r and NCC to promote AAA formation. Lesion adipocyte and perivascular adipose tissue contribute to AAA pathogenesis by releasing leptin and FABP4 that induce IL18, IL18r, and NCC expression and promote IL18 actions.
Quantitative research on health determinants in high-income countries: Systematic literature review
Authors: Varbanova V , Beutels P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Identifying determinants of health and understanding their role in health production is an important research theme. In recent decades data have become more accessible and multi-country analyses offer an appealing way to potentially enrich such research.

Methods
We followed the PRISMA guidelines to systematically identify, triage and review literature published between 2013 and early 2018. Forty-three studies that performed cross-national statistical analyses aiming to evaluate the impact of one or more aggregate level determinants on one or more general population health outcomes in high-income countries were selected out of an original yield of 7353. To assess in which combinations and to what extent individual (or thematically linked) determinants had been studied together, we performed multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis.

Results
Life expectancy and overall mortality were the most widely used population health indicators, while determinants came from the broad categories of healthcare, culture, politics, socio-economics, environment, labor, fertility, demographics, life-style, and psychology. The family of regression models was the predominant statistical approach. Results from our multidimensional scaling showed that a relatively tight core of determinants have received much attention, whereas most others were studied in very limited contexts. We consider research findings inconclusive at this time: across a multitude of model specifications, different country samples, and varying time periods, effects fluctuated between statistically significant and not, and between beneficial to health and detrimental.

Conclusions
We conclude that the quest to understand the underlying mechanisms of population health is far from over and the present state of research on the topic leaves much to be desired. It seems essential that future research always considers multiple factors simultaneously and takes advantage of more sophisticated methodology.

Key messages
Provides a broad overview of the current state of research on the topic of determinants of population health in high-income countries. Employs an innovative approach examining the degree to which context has been taken into account, as a basis for future research.
Collecting high-quality survey data on hard-to-reach populations: lessons from Finland
Authors: Rask S , Koponen P , Skogberg N , Kuusio H , Castaneda A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Issue
Hard-to-reach populations refer to groups that may be difficult to involve in research. Minorities and persons with migration background (PMB) are often underrepresented in population-based surveys. This may lead to serious bias. Description of the problem: Several surveys on the health and wellbeing of hard-to-reach populations have been conducted in Finland since 2010. Strategies for collecting high-quality data have been identified in five surveys focused on specific migrant groups (Maamu n = 3000), the foreign-origin population (UTH n = 6000; FinMONIK n = 13650), newly-arrived asylum seekers (TERTTU n = 1087) and Finnish Roma (ROOSA n = 365). Also few routinely collected studies include indicators of ethnic background or origin (e.g. School Health Promotion study).

Results
Country of birth and foreign origin can be identified in Finland using register-based sampling. Snowball sampling was needed for the Roma population. Strategies to reach participants included information dissemination, translated questionnaires, multilingual personnel, telephone contacts and door-to-door visits. Stakeholders and participants were involved in planning and reporting. Participation rates as high as 70-80% were reached from register-based samples. Lessons: High-quality survey data can be collected on hard-to-reach populations. This requires adequate resources including multilingual personnel and researcher-participant trust. The cross-cultural validity of survey questions is critical; cognitive interviews can be used to improve cultural sensitivity. Researchers should be sensitive of sense of belonging, e.g. PMB may object being seen as “migrants”. Members of hard-to-reach populations should be involved in research, and not merely objects of a study.

Main messages
High participation rates can be achieved with adequate time, financial resources and established researcher-participant trust. Data collection should be inclusive and clearly benefit the individuals and populations in concern.
“Queer Migrants Welcome” in Public Health Teaching
Authors: Namer Y , Tezcan-Güntekin H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
People with heterogeneous sexual orientations and gender identities are rarely the focus of public health research or teaching. LGBTQ people (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer) are particularly at risk of being discriminated against in accessing and using health care. In order to give students of public health a perspective that is sensitive to diversity and which will allow them to consider LGBTQ people in their future research, teaching and practice, these topics must be actively reflected on during their studies.

Methods
A website was built by a team of students of the Bachelor degree program in Health Communication at the School of Public Health, Bielefeld University in Germany. The aim of this course was to learn about the health situation and risks of LGTBQ people. One main emphasis of this project was to develop a medium that focuses on the perspective for newcomers, migrants and refugees in the context of LGTBQ health in a participatory way.

Results
The students developed an understanding of LGBTQ, migration and health largely independently through individual research and group discussion, decided to create an English-language website (https://queermigrantswelcome.jimdofree.com) and present existing findings in blog posts they wrote on their own. The pictures on the homepage were drawn by the students themselves, as they perceived the freely available LGBTQ pictures as too stereotypical. They contacted counselling centres for LGBTQ persons throughout Germany and asked in which language they offer counselling and have included these counselling possibilities on the homepage.

Conclusions
Already at the Bachelor’s level, students can design innovative media that can improve the health care of marginalized people and contribute to the dismantling of discriminatory structures. It is important that the students are given sufficient freedom to make their own decisions and identify with the topic, thus facilitating a major learning process.

Key messages
Desiderates in health communication can be reduced by well accompanied student projects. The topic LGBTQ must be implemented in the curricula of public health study programmes to reduce discrimination in health care.
No UHC without medicines: out-of-pocket payments for non-communicable diseases in 18 countries
Authors: Murphy A , Palafox B , Rangarajan S , Yusuf S , McKee M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In 2014 the United Nations agreed on a goal to reduce premature mortality from NCDs by improving financial risk protection. We are far from achieving this: households with NCDs are at an increased risk of catastrophic health spending and impoverishment, particularly in lower middle- and low-income countries. There is a need to better understand the drivers of health spending among households with NCDs, to inform interventions aimed at achieving universal health coverage.

Methods
Using data from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology Study, we analyse out-of-pocket expenditure (OOP) among households with NCDs (cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, respiratory disease or kidney disease) in 18 countries: Canada, Sweden, Brazil, Chile, Malaysia, Poland, South Africa, Turkey, China, the Philippines, Colombia, Iran, the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT), Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Zimbabwe and Tanzania.

Results
The leading driver of OOP on health care in almost all countries included is medicine. For example, the monthly OOP on medicines among NCD households in Iran, where roughly 18% of NCD households experience catastrophic spending, is USD 13.50, representing 36% of OOP on health. In Brazil this figure is USD 25.85, representing 46% of OOP on health. A large proportion of OOP is also made up by consultation fees, particularly in Sub-Saharan African countries. In Poland, 63% of OOP on health is spent on alternative medicine consultation fees.

Conclusions
Our findings echo the message shared by the Director General of the World Health Organization in 2018, that there is “no Universal Health Coverage without access to quality medicines”. Medicine costs impose a significant economic burden on NCD households in countries at all levels of development, highlighting the need to include essential medicines for NCDs in universal health coverage benefit packages.

Key messages
To achieve the goal of improved financial risk protection for NCDs we need to understand drivers of out-of-pocket spending among households with NCDs. Medicines are by far the largest driver of OOP in countries at all levels of development and require urgent attention to ensure universal health coverage.