bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of underweight and it’s associated factors among children aged 6-59 months in Angolalla Tera district, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Mengiste Leweyehu Alemaw , worku Yoseph , Abebe Endeshaw Degie , shiferaw Wondimeneh Shibabaw 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionUndernutrition is a major public health problem all over the world. In Ethiopia, the child malnutrition rate is one of the most serious public health problems and the highest in the world. High malnutrition rates in the country pose a significant obstacle to achieving better child health outcomes.ObjectivesThis study was aimed to assess the prevalence of underweight and its associated factors among 6-59months of age children in Angolela Tera district, northeast Ethiopia.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted by a simple random sampling technique with a sample size of 414 enrolled mothers with 6-59months of children. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data. The data was entered using EPI DATA version 3.1and analysis was done by SPSS version 24 and WHO Anthro software was used for anthropometry calculation. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used.ResultAmong 414 mothers with child pairs the result of the current study indicated that 15.9% (95% CI: 12.6-19.6)were underweight. Being male (AOR=1.8;95%CI;1.04-3.16), birth interval below 24 months (AOR3.2=95%CI;1.59-6.71), average monthly family income less than 1596ETB (AOR4.9=95%: CI;2.53-9.76), Children having diarrhea in the past two weeks before the data collection (AOR =9.06; 95% CI: 3.14-26.12), and children having diarrhea within two weeks (AOR=2.06;95%: CI;1.07-3.96) were significantly associated with underweight.ConclusionThis study revealed a high prevalence of underweight among children aged 6-59 months in the study area. All the concerned bodies should be strengthening the health extension program to improve and provide the necessary education for the community on nutritional programs, environmental sanitation, and diarrhea prevention.
Evaluating the Number of Different Genomes in a Metagenome by Means of the Compositional Spectra Approach
Authors: Kirzhner Valery , Toledano-Kitai Dvora , Volkovich Zeev 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDetermination of metagenome composition is still one of the most interesting problems of bioinformatics. It involves a wide range of mathematical methods, from probabilistic models of combinatorics to cluster analysis and pattern recognition techniques. The successful advance of rapid sequencing methods and fast and precise metagenome analysis will increase the diagnostic value of healthy or pathological human metagenomes. The article presents the theoretical foundations of the algorithm for calculating the number of different genomes in the medium under study. The approach is based on analysis of the compositional spectra of subsequently sequenced samples of the medium. Its essential feature is using random fluctuations in the bacteria number in different samples of the same metagenome. The possibility of effective implementation of the algorithm in the presence of data errors is also discussed. In the work, the algorithm of a metagenome evaluation is described, including the estimation of the genome number and the identification of the genomes with known compositional spectra. It should be emphasized that evaluating the genome number in a metagenome can be always helpful, regardless of the metagenome separation techniques, such as clustering the sequencing results or marker analysis.
The new silicone N99 half-piece respirator, VJR-NMU N99: A novel and effective tool to prevent COVID-19
Authors: Manomaipiboon Anan , Pupipatpab Sujaree , Chomdee Pongsathorn , Boonyapatkul Pathiporn , Trakarnvanich Thananda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFilter facepiece respirators (FFRs) are critical for preventing the transmission of respiratory tract infection disease, especially the dreadful coronavirus 2 (SARs-CoV-2). The N95 mask is a prototype, high-efficiency protective device that can effectively protect against airborne pathogens of less than 0.3 μm. The N95 mask is tightly fitting and has high filtration capacity. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to a greater requirement for FFR. This rising demand greatly exceeds current production capabilities and stockpiles, resulting in shortages. To address this, our team has invented a new type of half-piece respirator made from silicone and assembled with HEPA or elastostatic filter. A variety of methods have been used to evaluate this new device, including a qualitative fit test with the Bitrex® test kit and filtration test. The preliminary results showed that the new N99 respirators pass the fit test. The filtration tests also confirmed the superiority of N99 over traditional N95 masks, with a mean performance of protection greater than 95%. For the filters, we used two types: SafeStar, which is a kind of HEPA filter; and CareStar, which is considered an elastostatic filler. CareStar was developed to filter virus and bacteria in the operating room, with a limit duration of use up to 24 h, while the safe star was designed for 72 h use and has the quality equivalent to a HEPA filter. Our study demonstrated superior filtration efficacy of both filters, more than 98% even after 24 h of use. CareStar has significantly more filtration efficacy than a safe star (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the development of our new N99 half-piece respirator should ultimately be applicable to healthcare workers with at least non-inferiority to the previously used N 95 respirators.. Currently, the adequate supply of such equipment is not feasible. The advent of the new protective device will help protect healthcare workers and replenish the shortage of N95 respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Non-random segregation of sister chromosomes byEscherichia coliMukBEF axial cores
Authors: Mäkelä Jarno , Uphoff Stephan , Sherratt David J. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryTheEscherichia colistructural maintenance of chromosomes complex, MukBEF, forms axial cores to chromosomes that determine their spatio-temporal organization. Here, we show that axial cores direct chromosome arms to opposite poles and generate the translational symmetry between newly replicated sister chromosomes. MatP, a replication terminus (ter) binding protein prevents chromosome rotation around the longitudinal cell axis by displacing MukBEF fromter, thereby maintaining the linear shape of axial cores. During DNA replication, MukBEF action directs lagging strands towards the cell center, marked by accumulation of DNA-bound β2-clamps in the wake of replisomes, in a process necessary for the translational symmetry of sister chromosomes. Finally, the ancestral (‘immortal’) template DNA strand, propagated from previous generations, is preferentially inherited by the cell forming at the old pole, dependent on MukBEF-MatP. The work demonstrates how chromosome organization-segregation can foster non-random inheritance of genetic material and provides a framework for understanding how chromosome conformation and dynamics shape subcellular organization.
MGIDI: towards an effective multivariate selection in biological experiments
Authors: Olivoto Tiago , Nardino Maicon 
Published: July 2020

SummaryMultivariate data are common in biological experiments and using the information on multiple traits is crucial to make better decisions for treatment recommendations or genotype selection. However, identifying genotypes/treatments that combine high performance across many traits has been a challenger task. Classical linear multi-trait selection indexes are available, but the presence of multicollinearity and the arbitrary choosing of weighting coefficients may erode the genetic gains. We propose a novel approach for genotype selection and treatment recommendation based on multiple traits that overcome the fragility of classical linear indexes. Here, we use the distance between the genotypes/treatment with an ideotype defineda priorias a multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) to provide a selection process that is unique, easy-to-interpret, free from weighting coefficients and multicollinearity issues. The performance of the MGIDI index is assessed through a Monte Carlo simulation study where the percentage of success in selecting traits with desired gains is compared with classical and modern indexes under different scenarios. Two real plant datasets are used to illustrate the application of the index from breeders and agronomists’ points of view. Our experimental results indicate that MGIDI can effectively select superior treatments/genotypes based on multi-trait data, outperforming state-of-the-art methods, and helping practitioners to make better strategic decisions towards an effective multivariate selection in biological experiments.
Enhancing patient flow in emergency department (ED) using lean strategies–an integrated voice of customer and voice of process perspective
Authors: Alowad Ali , Samaranayake Premaratne , Ahsan Kazi , Alidrisi Hisham , Karim Azharul 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to systematically investigate the patient flow and waiting time problems in hospital emergency departments (EDs) from an integrated voice of customer (VOC) and voice of process (VOP) perspective and to propose a new lean framework for ED process.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted to better understand patients' perceptions of ED services, lean tools such as process mapping and A3 problem-solving sheets were used to identify hidden process wastes and root-cause analysis was performed to determine the reasons of long waiting time in ED.FindingsThe results indicate that long waiting times in ED are major concerns for patients and affect the quality of ED services. It was revealed that limited bed capacity, unavailability of necessary staff, layout of ED, lack of understanding among patients about the nature of emergency services are main causes of delay. Addressing these issues using lean tools, integrated with the VOC and VOP perspectives can lead to improved patient flow, higher patient satisfaction and improvement in ED capacity. A future value stream map is proposed to streamline the ED activities and minimize waiting times.Research limitations/implicationsThe research involves a relatively small sample from a single case study. The proposed approach will enable the ED administrators to avoid the ED overcrowding and streamline the entire ED process.Originality/valueThis research identified ED quality issues from the integration of VOC and VOP perspective and suggested appropriate lean tools to overcome these problems. This process improvement approach will enable the ED administrators to improve productivity and performance of hospitals.
Chartered status and public relations' struggle for legitimacy
Authors: Gregory Anne 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo appraise progress towards “the professional project” for the public relations profession in the UK using the Royal Charter application as a pivotal assessment point in the journey.Design/methodology/approachPrimary and secondary, qualitative research, with participant observation and chronological and thematic analysis of archival documents at the time of the Charter process: 2003 to 2005. Two expert interviews were also conducted for a view on progress. The study is contextualised within the professions literature and the 2019 State of the Profession study undertaken by the Chartered Institute of Public Relations.FindingsThe Institute faced significant challenges during the Charter application raised by Institutions such as the Government Department for Education and Skills, including the diversity of the profession, standards of education and training, practitioner standards, including ethical, as indicated by their levels of membership and commitment to ongoing professional development. These challenges remain.Research limitations/implicationsDiversity, social acceptance, qualifications and professional progress provide an important, ongoing research agenda.Practical implicationsSocial acceptance, qualifications and professional progress remain elusive for the practice and more radical action is required to achieve progress.Social implicationsThe profession is making limited progress towards legitimacy. Continued press ambivalence, recent scandals, such as the Bell Pottinger affair in South Africa and jurisdictional infringement by other professions continue to threaten its attempts to move towards social closure.Originality/valueThis is the first academic article to chronicle the charter journey using the original documentation as source materials and the first to review progress towards the goals that chartered status signified for public relations.
Application of new algorithms on asymmetric cascaded multilevel inverter
Authors: Yahya Ashraf , Ali Syed M. Usman , Khan Muhammad Farhan 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Multilevel inverter (MLI) is an established design approach for inverter applications in medium-voltage and high-voltage range of applications. An asymmetric design synthesizes multiple DC input voltage sources of unequal magnitudes to generate a high-quality staircase sinewave comprising a large number of steps or levels. However, the implications of using sources of unequal magnitudes results in the requirements of a large variety of inverter switches and higher magnitudes of the total blocking voltage (TBV) rating of the inverter, which increase the cost. The purpose of this study is to present a solution based on algorithms for establishing DC source magnitudes and other design parameters.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach used in this study is to develop algorithms that bring an asymmetric cascaded MLI (ACMLI) design close to symmetric design. This approach then reduces the variety of switch ratings and minimizes the TBV of the inverter. Thus, the benefits of both asymmetric design (generation of a large number of voltage levels in the output waveform) and symmetric design (modularity) are achieved. The proposed algorithms can be applied to a number of ACMLI topologies, including classical cascaded H-bridge (CHB). The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is validated by simulation in Matlab-Simulink and experimental setup.

Findings
Two new algorithms are proposed that reduce the number of variety of switches to just three. The variety can further be reduced to two under a specified condition. The algorithms are compared with the existing ones, and the results are promising in minimizing the TBV rating of the inverter, which results in cost reduction as well. For a specific case of four CHBs, the proposed Algorithm-1 produced 27% and Algorithm-2 produced 53% higher levels. Moreover, the presented algorithms produced minimum values of the TBV and resulted in minimum cost of inverter.

Originality/value
The proposed algorithms are novel in structure and have achieved the targeted values of minimized switch variety and reduced TBV ratings. Due to less variety, the inverter achieves a near symmetric design, which enables to attain the added advantages of modularity and reduced difference of power sharing among the DC sources.
A study of the grey relational model of interval numbers for panel data
Authors: Yin Kedong , Xu Tongtong , Li Xuemei , Cao Yun 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to deal with the grey relational problem of panel data with an attribute value of interval numbers. The grey relational model of interval number for panel data is constructed in this paper.Design/methodology/approachFirst, three kinds of interval grey relational operators for the behavior sequence of a dimensionless system are proposed. At the same time, the positive treatment method of interval numbers for cost-type and moderate-type indicators is put forward. On this basis, the correlation between the three-dimensional interval numbers of panel data is converted into the correlation between the two-dimensional interval numbers in time series and cross-sectional dimensions. The grey correlation coefficients of each scheme and the ideal scheme matrix are calculated in the two dimensions, respectively. Finally, the correlation degree of panel interval number and scheme ordering are obtained by arithmetic mean.FindingsThis paper proves that the grey relational model of the panel interval number still has the properties of normalization, uniqueness and proximity. It also avoids the problem that the results are not unique due to the different orders of objects in the panel data.Practical implicationsThe effectiveness and practicability of the model is verified by taking supplier selection as an example. In fact, this model can also be widely used in agriculture, industry, society and other fields.Originality/valueThe accuracy of the relational results is higher and more accurate compared with the previous studies.
Developing innovation capabilities for upgrading in global value chains: evidence from China
Authors: Su Jingqin , Ma Huanhuan , Zhang Shuai 
Published: July 2020

PurposeIn the face of fierce international competition for those participating in global value chains (GVCs), upgrading has been a central concern of emerging market firms (EMFs) that are trying to occupy higher value-added positions. However, although the innovation capabilities (ICs) have been generally considered critical to upgrading in GVCs, few studies have examined how IC is built up and then applied to the EMF upgrading process over time. To this end, the purpose of this paper is to investigate why and how EMFs can upgrade in GVCs through the development of their IC.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a multiple-case study of three supplier firms in China and their IC development processes, with a special focus on the nature of the firm-level upgrading in GVCs.FindingsThe results generate a process model of EMFs upgrading with respect to the development of IC. The model reveals how IC is built up through the firms' underlying systematic innovation activities, which enable firms to successfully upgrade within GVCs. In particular, the role played by contextual vulnerability in guiding firms to develop the appropriate IC, and the corresponding upgrading, is highlighted.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the micro-foundation in GVCs literature, especially the traditional static upgrading research of EMFs. The authors also contribute to existing IC development research. Meanwhile, the study focuses on the upgrading of three Chinese firms in the phone and LED industries. The generalizability to other emerging markets and industries may therefore be limited.Practical implicationsThe study results show that EMFs could initially develop endogenous IC that focuses on process innovation as a means to establish a foundation for further upgrading. In addition, firms need to improve their ability to accurately sense contextual changes. As such, it would be valuable to understand their positions and characteristics within GVCs.Originality/valueThis paper investigates a process model of upgrading in GVCs through IC development in EMFs. This study also adds a dynamic micro-foundation to existing, rather macro and static GVCs studies.
Monitoring and sensing COVID-19 symptoms as a precaution using electronic wearable devices
Authors: M.S. Josephine , L. Lakshmanan , R. Nair Resmi , P. Visu , R. Ganesan , Jothikumar R. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose fo this paper is to Monitor and sense the sysmptoms of COVID-19 as a preliminary measure using electronic wearable devices. This variability is sensed by electrocardiograms observed from a multi-parameter monitor and electronic wearable. This field of interest has evolved into a wide area of investigation with today’s advancement in technology of internet of things for immediate sensing and processing information about profound pain. A window span is estimated and reports of profound pain data are used for monitoring heart rate variability (HRV). A median heart rate is considered for comparisons with a diverse range of variable information obtained from sensors and monitors. Observations from healthy patients are introduced to identify how root mean square of difference between inter beat intervals, standard deviation of inter-beat intervals and mean heart rate value are normalized in HRV analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
The function of a human heart relates back to the autonomic nervous system, which organizes and maintains a healthy maneuver of inter connected organs. HRV has to be determined for analyzing and reporting the status of health, fitness, readiness and possibilities for recovery, and thus, a metric for deeming the presence of COVID-19. Identifying the variations in heart rate, monitoring and assessing profound pain levels are potential lives saving measures in medical industries.

Findings
Experiments are proposed to be done in electrical and thermal point of view and this composition will deliver profound pain levels ranging from 0 to 10. Real time detection of pain levels will assist the care takers to facilitate people in an aging population for a painless lifestyle.

Originality/value
The presented research has documented the stages of COVID-19, symptoms and a mechanism to monitor the progress of the disease through better parameters. Risk factors of the disease are carefully analyzed, compared with test results, and thus, concluded that considering the HRV can study better in the presence of ignorance and negligence. The same mechanism can be implemented along with a global positioning system (GPS) system to track the movement of patients during isolation periods. Despite the stringent control measurements for locking down all industries, the rate of affected people is still on the rise. To counter this, people have to be educated about the deadly effects of COVID-19 and foolproof systems should be in place to control the transmission from affected people to new people. Medications to suppress temperatures, will not be sufficient to alter the heart rate variations, and thus, the proposed mechanism implemented the same. The proposed study can be extended to be associated with Government mobile apps for regular and a consortium of single tracking. Measures can be taken to distribute the low-cost proposal to people for real time tracking and regular updates about high and medium risk patients.