bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does facial appearance of dentofacial deformity influence the need for orthognathic surgery: The Malaysian perception
Authors: Abdul Halim Chong Fatin Halini , Md Salleh Siti Nuriyah , Abu Bakar Noraini , Ismail Izzati Nabilah 
Published: May 2020

Aim: This study evaluates perception toward facial appearance in dentofacial deformity and the need for orthognathic surgery among the public with and without dental backgrounds.Materials and Methods: A questionnaire consisting of 12 facial photographs of cases with dentofacial deformity or malocclusion in varying severity was used. A hundred individuals were selected to answer the questionnaire. The perception of facial appearance (FAS), treatment need score (TNS), and knowledge regarding dentofacial deformity were used for the evaluation.Results: Significant differences were found between dental and non-dental when the respondents’ knowledge in all the questionnaire items ([Formula: see text].05) was assessed. However, no significant difference was found in the mean of FAS and TNS in all the presented cases (normal, borderline, severe). Pearson correlation between perceived FAS and TNS was statistically negative for severe and normal cases, whereby a decrease in FAS for severe cases showed an increase in TNS, and an increase in FAS for normal cases showed a decrease in TNS.Conclusion: Respondents with dental background had sound knowledge of dentofacial deformity. A poorly attractive respondent with dentofacial deformity showed a greater need for orthognathic surgery.
(Invited) Electrochemo-Mechanical Effects for All-Solid-State Li Batteries Employing Sulfide Inorganic Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Jung Sung Hoo , Kim Un-Hyuck , Jun Seunggoo , Yoon Chong Seung , Sun Yang-Kook , Jung Yoon Seok 
Published: May 2020

All-solid-state Li or Li-ion batteries (ASLBs) have been emerged as a promising alternative battery to address the safety concerns and the limited energy densities for conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Particularly, deformable sulfide solid electrolyte (SE) materials are able to be integrated with electrode active materials into bulk-type ASLBs by simple cold-pressing process. Moreover, Li+ conductivities of several sulfide SEs are in the order of 10-2 S cm-1. Unfortunately, performances of the resulting ASLBs operating at room temperature were below par, which has been attributed to the narrow electrochemical stability windows of sulfide SE materials and the poor chemical compatibility between sulfide SEs and electrode active materials. Development of interfacial engineering (e.g., protective coatings such as LiNbO3 and Li3-xB1-xCxO3) could show significantly improved performances.
Recently, it has been shown that the changes in volumetric strains upon repeated charge-discharge cycles could cause ionic contact loss in the composite electrodes and result in capacity fading for ASLBs. This is in contrast to conventional LIB electrodes where liquid electrolytes keep ionic contacts by simple wetting. However, previous works on such “electrochemo-mechancial” effects on the performance of ASLBs are scarce.
In this presentation, we report on our recent findings on the overlooked but dominant electrochemo-mechanical effects for Ni-rich layered cathode materials for ASLBs. While the conventional Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O2 (NCM) having randomly oriented grains suffers from severe disintegration of secondary particles even at the initial cycle, full-concentration gradient NCM (FCG-NCM) retains its mechanical integrity after 100 cycles. Accordingly, their cycling stability shows huge differences, manifesting the importance of microstructural electro-chemomechanics for NCM in all-solid-state batteries. Furthermore, high resolution operando electrochemical pressiometry developed for NCM/graphite ASLBs reveals meaningful information which is complementary to the electrochemical data. Detailed discussion will be presented.
References
[1] K. H. Park, Q. Bai, D. H. Kim, D. Y. Oh, Y. Zhu, Y. Mo, Y. S. Jung, Adv. Energy Mater.
2018, 8, 1800035.
Das tragédias em disputa
Authors: Oliveira Júlio Ernesto Souza de 
Published: May 2020

Resenha
MOTTA, Márcia; PICCOLO, Monica (orgs.). O domínio de outrem. 2 vols. São Luís: EDUEMA; Guimarães: Nósporcatudobem, 2017. 256 páginas (cada volume).
Um novo olhar sobre os conflitos rurais no Chile nas décadas de 1960 e 1970
Authors: Antunes Marília Mattos 
Published: May 2020

Resenha
REDONDO, Jesús-Ángel. Tierra, trabajo y libertad. Conflictos campesinos e indígenas en la provincia de Cautín (1967-1973). Santiago: LOM Ediciones, 2017. Livro em formato digital.
Falando com um historiador
Authors: Borda Erik Wellington Barbosa , Chaves Wanderson Da Silva 
Published: May 2020

Em 1983, como parte dos eventos organizados pelo Greater London Council para o International Year of Peace, a televisão britânica exibiu um diálogo gravado em novembro de 1981 entre dois historiadores marxistas e ativistas de grande projeção pública naquele momento: E. P. Thompson e C. L. R. James.
No programa, intitulado “Talking History”, os dois estudiosos debateram variados temas de sua história recente, partindo dos movimentos mundiais contrários ao uso de armas nucleares, passando por eventos políticos da Europa, África, Ásia e chegando mesmo a tecer algumas considerações metodológicas sobre o fazer historiográfico. A discussão dura cerca de 50 minutos e é acompanhada pelo som do músico, poeta etambém ativista dos direitos humanos Spartacus R. (Roy Bedeau), mais especificamente de seu álbum “Third World War” (Zara Music Records, 1983).
Acreditando no valor documental da conversa e na atualidade de algumas questões nela abordadas, ublicamos abaixo o trabalho de tradução e transcrição do dito material realizado por Erik W. B. Borda e Wanderson da S. Chaves, precedido por um instigante ensaio introdutório de autoria da mesma dupla de pesquisadores.
Pharmacologic TWIK‐Related Acid‐Sensitive K+ Channel (TASK‐1) Potassium Channel Inhibitor A293 Facilitates Acute Cardioversion of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in a Porcine Large Animal Model
Authors: Wiedmann Felix , Beyersdorf Christoph , Zhou Xiaobo , Büscher Antonius , Kraft Manuel , Nietfeld Jendrik , Walz Teo Puig , Unger Laura A. , Loewe Axel , Schmack Bastian , Ruhparwar Arjang , Karck Matthias , Thomas Dierk , Borggrefe Martin , Seemann Gunnar , Katus Hugo A. , Schmidt Constanze 
Published: May 2020

Background

The tandem of P domains in a weak inward rectifying K+ channel (TWIK)‐related acid‐sensitive K
+
channel (TASK‐1;
hK
2P
3.1) two‐pore–domain potassium channel was recently shown to regulate the atrial action potential duration. In the human heart,
TASK
‐1 channels are specifically expressed in the atria. Furthermore, upregulation of atrial
TASK
‐1 currents was described in patients suffering from atrial fibrillation (
AF
). We therefore hypothesized that
TASK
‐1 channels represent an ideal target for antiarrhythmic therapy of
AF
. In the present study, we tested the antiarrhythmic effects of the high‐affinity
TASK
‐1 inhibitor A293 on cardioversion in a porcine model of paroxysmal
AF
.

Methods and Results

Heterologously expressed human and porcine
TASK
‐1 channels are blocked by A293 to a similar extent. Patch clamp measurements from isolated human and porcine atrial cardiomyocytes showed comparable
TASK
‐1 currents. Computational modeling was used to investigate the conditions under which A293 would be antiarrhythmic. German landrace pigs underwent electrophysiological studies under general anesthesia. Paroxysmal
AF
was induced by right atrial burst stimulation. After induction of
AF
episodes, intravenous administration of A293 restored sinus rhythm within cardioversion times of 177±63 seconds. Intravenous administration of A293 resulted in significant prolongation of the atrial effective refractory period, measured at cycle lengths of 300, 400 and 500 ms, whereas the surface
ECG
parameters and the ventricular effective refractory period lengths remained unchanged.

Conclusions

Pharmacological inhibition of atrial
TASK
‐1 currents exerts antiarrhythmic effects in vivo as well as in silico
,
resulting in acute cardioversion of paroxysmal
AF
. Taken together, these experiments indicate the therapeutic potential of A293 for
AF
treatment.
Who Is the Man on the Camel?: Historical Exegesis of the Hebrew Bible and Christian-Muslim Debate
Authors: Zaleski John 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article examines Christian and Muslim exchanges concerning Isaiah 21:7 and Deuteronomy 18:15, biblical texts that Muslims interpreted as referring to the Prophet Muḥammad. The focus of the article is the well-known letter in which the East Syrian Catholicos, Timothy I (d. 823), reports his debate with the Caliph al-Mahdī. In this letter, Timothy draws upon exegetical traditions rooted in Theodore of Mopsuestia (d. 428) in order to undercut Muslim interpretation of Isaiah 21:7 and Deuteronomy 18:15 by insisting upon a strictly historical interpretation of these verses. The historical approach defended by Timothy received a Muslim rebuttal in the mid-ninth century and continued to be adapted by Christian readers who redacted Timothy’s letter. These sources demonstrate the interreligious transmission of Hebrew Bible exegesis. They show how Muslim biblical interpretation challenged basic principles of Christian exegesis, causing both Muslim and Christian authors to adapt and rearticulate longstanding methods of interpreting scripture.
Wine, Water and the Missing Symposium in Justin’s First Apology
Authors: Eckhardt Benedikt 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Justin’s First Apology contains the longest extant description of an early Christian meal. This description (ch. 65-67) poses several problems, of which this short article singles out only two. On the level of textual criticism, an oft-discussed variant, rejected in all editions, suggests that the blessing is made over a cup of water, not wine. On the level of liturgical history, Justin’s Eucharist seems to contradict the view that early Christian meals resembled Graeco-Roman symposia. By combining the textual and the historical approach, this article offers a compromise. It is argued that water and not wine was indeed used during the opening ritual, but that the rest of the event did unfold as a symposium and hence included wine.
A Catalogue of Virtuous Women. Myth and Mythography in Clement of Alexandria, Stromateis 4,19,118-123
Authors: Meccariello Chiara 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper I examine the mythological references contained in Clem. Alex. Str. 4,19,118-123, a passage in which Clement develops the idea that perfection is equally attainable by men and women, and illustrates it by listing examples of female perfection, including biblical women, historical figures, and mythical heroines. After an analysis of Clement’s technique of embedment of the mythical examples, I show that his wording conveys a subtle distinction between the mythical women on the one hand and the historical and biblical women on the other by signalling the poetical character of the former. In this context, it is the synthetic and selective nature of the references that allows Clement to exploit myth’s illustrative function without explicitly distancing himself from it. Finally, I argue that his source on several mythical examples is a mythographical catalogue of figures grouped under φιλο- compounds.
Continental island effect in Sichuan Basin based on the genetic structure of sparrow
Authors: Liu Fangqing , Zhao Wenhai , Pan Yongliang , Wen Longying 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Islands are ideal settings for the study of evolution, ecology and genetic diversity. The tree sparrow (Passer montanus), which is distributed both inside and outside the Sichuan Basin and is relatively easy to capture, was used as our study species to test whether any genetic differences exist between within and outside of the Sichuan Basin. We analyzed mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequence variations to illustrate the continental island effect within the Sichuan Basin. Overall, fragments from four mtDNA and one nuclear sequence (Cytb + COI + 12S rRNA + Dloop + Myo) were amplified, with the concatenated alignment comprising 3234 bp. The results of Bayesian and maximum parsimony trees indicated two major branches, one of which is composed mainly of populations within the Sichuan Basin, while the other comprised populations distributed in the surrounding mountains. The population in Sichuan Basin was more basal than that in the surrounding mountains. The genetic distance between inner and outer populations was 0.095 and genetic differentiation index (FST) between inner and outer populations was 0.342. This study shows that the overall distribution pattern of tree sparrow populations in the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding mountains is probably the result of a vicariance event due to spatial isolation.
Bargaining Power at the Negotiation Table and Beyond
Authors: Western Shaina D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
International treaties require ratification to go into effect. But while some treaties have high ratification rates, many do not, leading to a system where issues appear to be addressed on paper but are not in practice. This article seeks to address why treaties receive varying levels of support and finds that factors present during the negotiation phase of the agreement affect the ratification phase. Specifically, bargaining power at and away from the negotiation table influences both the substantive nature of the treaty and the extent to which it will be widely ratifiable. This article explores this issue both in a statistical analysis and in two pairs of qualitative case studies. The evidence indicates that negotiation processes cast a long shadow on the fate of international agreements leading to the current treaty system of prolific international law that is not ratified by most states.
Pierre Vogel’s and Bilal Philips’s Criticisms of Jihadism
Authors: Holzgruber Clemens 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In 2016, the Islamic State (IS) called upon its supporters to kill two of the most influential Western Salafi preachers, Pierre Vogel from Germany and Bilal Philips from Canada, for apostasy. This article investigates how Vogel and Philips have criticised Jihadism, changes in their criticism over time, and their responses to the allegations launched against them by IS. Furthermore, it illustrates why it is difficult to classify Vogel and Philips according to the influential categorisation of Salafism put forward by Quintan Wiktorowicz.
Challenges in Digital Ethnography
Authors: Fuhrmann Larissa-Diana , Pfeifer Simone 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article explores ethical challenges in digital media ethnography in the field of militant political Islam, pointing to the dilemma that arises in doing research on Islam as part of the securitised research funding system. Expanding on discussions in anthropology about the principles of “do no harm” and “be open and honest about your work”, the authors reflectively contextualise the interrelated notions of “Jihadism” and “Salafism” and examine how these categories serve as “floating signifiers”. Examining one particular incident from the digital fieldwork leads to discussions of transparency, anonymity and shifting forms of “publicness” in the digital sphere.
From Rigid to Moderate Salafism
Authors: Sheikhzadegan Amir 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Defining re-conversion as the re-embracement of one’s (neglected) faith, this article deals with the question of what relations can be identified between conversion/re-conversion to a Salafist reading of Islam, on the one hand, and life course circumstances, identity transformation, and social network features of the individuals concerned, on the other. Combining narrative, autobiographical interviews with qualitative social network analysis, four activists of a Muslim organisation in Switzerland known for its Salafist orientation are portrayed. The comparative analysis shows that, despite sharing the same approach to Islam, the four cases exhibit different modes of the impact of life course and social network on spiritual transformation and vice versa. The paper also discusses the term Salafism and its applicability to the interviewees.
Revisiting the Dazu “Bombard” and the World’s Earliest Representation of a Gun
Authors: Sinvany Benjamin Avichai Katz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In 1988, Joseph Needham, Lu Gwei-Djen, and Pan Jixing published an article that declared to the world the discovery of the earliest known representation of a bombard, or gun. In the academic literature, however, there is significant doubt about its authenticity as a representation of a gun. Little subsequent evidence beyond the 1988 research note has corroborated their initial findings. This research note will show that the evidence originally presented by Lu, Needham, and Pan to support their argument that the cave in Dazu contains a bombard is inadequate. In doing so, it highlights the challenges researchers of Chinese history and the history of science have faced in the past and suggests ways the field is growing.
How Does Age Impact Presentation and Outcomes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis?
Authors: Holmes Thomas , Makary Chadi , Unsal Aykut A. , Biddinger Paul , Reyes-Gelves Camilo , Kountakis Stilianos E. 
Published: May 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis: The presence of eosinophilia and nasal polyps are well-established prognostic indicators of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The importance of demographic background, such as age, as independent variables has not been elucidated while taking these factors into account. Study Design: Respective review. Methods: CRS patients who underwent primary surgical treatment were subdivided based on age (young adults = age 18-39, adults = age 40-64, and elderly = age 65+). Groups were then subdivided based on tissue eosinophilia and nasal polyposis. Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), Lund-Kennedy (LK) endoscopy scores, and Lund-McKay (LM) CT scores were compared preoperatively, and postoperatively during a 5-year period. Results: A total of 431 CRS patients identified and then subsequently broken down into 63 young adults (YA), 209 adults (A), and 159 elderly (E). There was no statistical difference between tissue eosinophilia and presence of polyps between the groups. All three groups had similar short- and long-term SNOT-22 patterns postoperatively. At presentation, young adults had significantly higher SNOT-22 score (33.2 YA, 25.3 A, 23.5 E, P = .029) and significantly higher rhinologic scores (1.9 YA, 1.3 A, 1.3 E, P = .0012) than the adult and elderly patients. Objective disease severity using LK endoscopy scores were only significantly higher in young adults at 1-year time ( P = .0026). There was no statistical difference between the groups in regards to preoperative LM CT scores. Conclusions: Young adults are more likely to present with overall higher subjective SNOT-22 scores over adults and elderly patients, despite similar objective findings in the groups. Short- and long-term postoperative improvement holds across all age groups. Level of Evidence: 4
Physician interpretation of ultrasound in the evaluation of ankle edema
Authors: Rastel Didier , Crébassa Vincent , Rouvière Damien , Manéglia Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess inter‑ and intra‑observer agreement of detection and grading of oedema measured by vascular physicians using ultrasonography. Method In this observational study, three investigators read 113 videos of ultrasonography of the medial lower leg of 77 patients using a 15–18 MHz linear probe and reported whether oedema was present or not and, if present, to what extent. The videos were selected by the coordinator and sent every two months for a period of six months to the three investigators. Intra‑ and interobserver agreements were calculated using the Fleiss Kappa coefficient, reported with their 95% confidence interval and interpreted using the Landis and Koch values. Results Inter-observer agreement as to whether oedema was present or not was 0.88 (0.77–0.98), 0.96 (0.89–1.0) and 0.91 (0.80–1.0) for the first, second and third readings, respectively. The concordance was considered to be “excellent.” Inter-observer agreement as to the severity of oedema was 0.52 (0.38–0.65), 0.53 (0.39–0.66) and 0.61 (0.47–0.75) for the first, second and third readings, respectively. The concordance was “moderate”. Intra-observer reliability for the diagnosis of oedema was only 0.89 (0.70–1.0), 0.93 (0.75–1.0) and 0.92 (0.74–1.0) for the first, second and third reader, respectively, which was “excellent”. Conclusions The inter-observer agreement interpreting ultrasound videos using standard probes was excellent. Only moderate agreement in grading the severity of the edema using our arbitrary criteria was shown.
Multiple autoimmune side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in a patient with metastatic melanoma receiving pembrolizumab
Authors: Kethireddy Nikhila , Thomas Steffi , Bindal Poorva , Shukla Prateek , Hegde Upendra 
Published: May 2020

Introduction Immune agents including anti-programmed death receptor-1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 have been associated with numerous immune-related complications. Pembrolizumab, a programmed death-1 inhibitor, has been associated with a number of immune-related adverse events such as pneumonitis, colitis, hepatitis, hypophysitis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, nephritis, and type 1 diabetes. Case report We present a rare case of an elderly male on pembrolizumab who suffered from four autoimmune toxicities including type 1 diabetes, pneumonitis, hypothyroidism, and polymyalgia rheumatica likely catalyzed by age-related immune activation. Management and outcome: Immunotherapy was indefinitely stopped, and patient was started on steroids for the immune-related adverse events with complete resolution of polymyalgia rheumatica. Thyroid dysfunction resolved once he started thyroid replacement therapy. His diabetes is well controlled with insulin and is followed by endocrinology. He continues on prednisone for immune-mediated pneumonitis with a good response with regular monitoring via computed tomography scans and pulmonary consultation. Discussion Few cases wherein multiple toxicities are seen within one patient are reported. Aging appears to be a risk factor for immune-related adverse events. Aging is associated with an increased incidence of autoimmunity as programmed death-1 ligand expression represents an important mechanism that tissues use to protect from self-reactive effector T cells. Programmed death-1 blockade breaks this protective mechanism and enhances autoimmune diseases. Therefore, close monitoring and extreme vigilance is warranted while using immune checkpoint inhibitors including pembrolizumab as multiple toxicities can occur within a short span of infusion, especially in elderly individuals. Prompt discontinuation and the use of a multidisciplinary team are prudent to prevent further morbidity and mortality.