bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer delivery of a brief cognitive‐behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: A hybrid effectiveness‐implementation pilot study
Authors: Smith Ashley M. , Stewart Kaylee , Baul Tithi , Valentine Sarah E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment delivery by peer specialist providers could increase access to and engagement with PTSD treatment in low resource settings. The current pilot study tested the feasibility, acceptability, and initial effectiveness of a peer‐delivered, brief cognitive‐behavioral therapy for PTSD.MethodFour certified peer specialists delivered the intervention to 18 participants with probable PTSD. We assessed PTSD symptoms weekly and administered surveys and interviews at baseline and posttreatment.ResultsOur mixed‐methods approach suggests that the intervention was feasible and acceptable, demonstrating high client satisfaction. We also found significant improvements in PTSD, depressive, anxiety, and general stress symptoms.ConclusionsPeer‐delivered interventions may be a good fit for addressing posttraumatic stress symptoms for people accessing care in low resource settings. Future research should evaluate peer‐delivered PTSD treatment as a strategy for both reducing symptoms and improving access and engagement in professional care.
A Slug‐dependent mechanism is responsible for tumor suppression of p53‐stabilizing compound CP‐31398 in p53‐mutated endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Liu Ling , Yu Zhi‐Ying , Yu Tan‐Tan , Cui Shi‐Hong , Yang Li , Chang Hui , Qu Yan‐Hong , Lv Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Xiao‐An , Ren Chen‐Chen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMutation in the tumor suppressor gene p53 is the most frequent molecular defect in endometrial carcinoma (EC). Recently, CP‐31398, a p53‐stabilizing compound, has been indicated to possess the ability to alter the expression of non‐p53 target genes in addition to p53 downstream genes in tumor cells. Herein, we explore the alternative mechanisms underlying the restoration of EC tumor suppressor function in mutant p53 by CP‐31398. A p53‐mutated EC cell was constructed in AN3CA cells with restored or partial loss of Slug using lentiviral vectors, followed by treatment with 25 μM CP‐31398. A p53‐independent mechanism of CP‐31398 was confirmed by the interaction between mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and Slug AN3CA cells treated with IWR‐1 (inhibitor of Wnt response 1). Furthermore, the AN3CA cells were treated with short hairpin RNA against Slug, Wnt‐specific activators (LiCl) or inhibitors (XAV‐939) followed by CP‐31398 treatment. Moreover, AN3CA cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined. A tumorigenicity assay was conducted in nude mice. CP‐31398 could promote the apoptosis of p53‐mutated EC cells, while Slug reversed this effect. Slug ubiquitination was found to occur via binding of Slug to MDM2 in AN3CA cells. We found that CP‐31398 increased the GSK‐3ß, p‐Slug, Puma, Wtp53, and Bax expressions whereas Wnt, Mtp‐53, Slug, Bcl‐2, and Ki‐67 expressions were decreased. However, these findings were reversed following the activation of the Wnt pathway and overexpression of Slug. Finally, the in vivo experimental evidence confirmed that CP‐31398 with depleted Slug suppressed tumor growth by downregulating the Slug. Collectively, CP‐31398‐regulated Slug downregulation represses the p53‐mutated EC via the p53/Wnt/Puma pathway.
Long intergenic noncoding RNA 00908 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells by regulating KLF5 expression
Authors: Shan Ti‐Dong , Tian Zi‐Bin , Li Qian , Jiang Yue‐ Ping , Liu Fu‐Guo , Sun Xue‐Guo , Han Yue , Sun Li‐Juan , Chen Li 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLong intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) play a vital role in the occurrence and progression of cancer. The mechanism of lincRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully elucidated. In this context, an integrated comparative long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) microarray technology was used to determine the expression profile of lncRNAs in CRC. The roles of LINC00908 are unclear. We found that LINC00908 was significantly upregulated in CRC. Inhibition of LINC00908 resulted in reduced cell proliferation and G1 cell cycle arrest, which was mediated by cyclin D1, cyclin‐dependent kinase 4, and phosphorylated retinoblastoma. Moreover, inhibition of LINC00908‐induced apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway, as shown by the activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3. Mechanistically, miR‐143‐3p directly bound to LINC00908. miR‐143‐3p expression was negatively correlated with LINC00908 expression in CRC tissue. Functional experiments revealed opposing roles for miR‐143‐3p and LINC00908, suggesting that LINC00908 negatively regulates miR‐143‐3p. Mechanistically, miR‐143‐3p directly targets LINC00908. The KLF5 inhibitor ML264 affected proliferation and apoptosis, indicating that LINC00908 may act as a competing endogenous RNA to facilitate the expression of the miR‐143‐3p target gene KLF5. Thus, LINC00908 has an important proliferative and antiapoptotic role in CRC by regulating the cell cycle and intrinsic apoptosis. LINC00908 could be a potential biomarker and a new therapeutic target for CRC.
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C reverses cellular senescence of MRC‐5 fibroblasts via regulating lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function
Authors: Chen Panpan , Zhang Qianbin , Zhang Huizhen , Gao Yue , Zhou Yanying , Chen Yixin , Guan Lihuan , Jiao Tingying , Zhao Yingyuan , Huang Min , Bi Huichang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCellular senescence, a state of growth arrest, is involved in various age‐related diseases. We previously found that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C) is a key regulator of cancer cell proliferation and senescence, but it is unclear whether CPT1C plays a similar role in normal cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of CPT1C in cellular proliferation and senescence of human embryonic lung MRC‐5 fibroblasts and the involved mechanisms. The results showed that CPT1C could reverse the cellular senescence of MRC‐5 fibroblasts, as evidenced by reduced senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity, downregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of senescence‐associated secretory phenotype factors, and enhanced bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Lipidomics analysis further revealed that CPT1C gain‐of‐function reduced lipid accumulation and reversed abnormal metabolic reprogramming of lipids in late MRC‐5 cells. Oil Red O staining and Nile red fluorescence also indicated significant reduction of lipid accumulation after CPT1C gain‐of‐function. Consequently, CPT1C gain‐of‐function significantly reversed mitochondrial dysfunction, as evaluated by increased adenosine triphosphate synthesis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential, decreased radical oxygen species, upregulated respiratory capacity and mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondrial function. In summary, CPT1C plays a vital role in MRC‐5 cellular proliferation and can reverse MRC‐5 cellular senescence through the regulation of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function, which supports the role of CPT1C as a novel target for intervention into cellular proliferation and senescence and suggests CPT1C as a new strategy for antiaging.
The interaction between microbes and electrodes decorated with bio‐reduced graphene oxide— from an electrochemical point of view
Authors: Zhu Weihuang , Gao Haoxiang , li Peng , Li Yaqi , Zhang Jianfeng , Bai Huiling 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe extracellular electron transfer (EET) between microbes and electrodes modified by graphene‐based functional material has attracted increasing attention. EET is an important process through which the anode can act as the acceptor for the electrons produced via microbial respiration, and it also plays a key role in organic matter degradation and nutrient cycling in the environment.RESULTSOur results showed that the interaction between microbes and carbon felt (CF) electrodes decorated with bio‐reduced graphene oxide (GO‐br) was significantly enhanced compared to that between the unmodified CF electrode and microbes. The promoted biological current production and cyclic voltammetric (CV) current response indicated the considerable electro‐activity of the GO‐br‐CF electrode. diffusion resistance (Rdif) of the GO‐br‐CF electrode decreased significantly by 97.3% from 2.76 × 105 ± 7644 Ω at the initial incubation stage to 7341 ± 1322 Ω after 58 h of incubation time for GO‐br decoration. We also noticed that the GO‐br‐CF electrode intermittently poised at +0.1 V (vs Ag/AgCl/KCl sat.) was favorable for EET. The GO‐br‐CF electrode, which enhanced MFC performance significantly, was further used as the anode in a microbial fuel cell (MFC).CONCLUSIONOverall, the results of this study indicated the decoration of CF electrode with GO‐br could regulate the electrochemical activity of the electrode and the EET process between the microbes and electrode. The elevated electrochemical activity and EET were attributed to the rapid decrease in the diffusion resistance (Rdif) of the GO‐br‐CF electrode.
Can phosphorus adsorption clog an alum sludge‐based biofiltration system? Evidence and insight
Authors: Yang Yan , Wang Jiefu , Zhao Yaqian , Tang Cheng , Liu Ranbin , Shen Cheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAluminium‐based drinking water treatment residual (Al‐DWTR) has been used as an emergent substrate in laboratory‐scale and pilot‐scale biofiltration systems (biofilters and constructed wetlands) for its good affinity for phosphorus (P) adsorption. However, there is a concern about whether the P adsorption process will contribute to substrate clogging. Two laboratory‐scale up‐flow biofiltration systems were set up to identify the contribution of the P adsorption process to clogging under various operation conditions.RESULTSContributions of individual processes to clogging from biosolids production (SBS), inert matter generated from the conversion of residual biomass (SIS), P adsorption (SP) and inert matter production from influent total suspended solids (SSS) during operation of the two systems were assessed. After 262 days of operation, results indicated that SBS contributed most (53.16 ± 7.73%) to the clogging, followed by SSS (41.48 ± 8.02%), SP (3.14 ± 0.06%) and SIS (2.20 ± 0.27%) when treating the influent with concentrations of 284–558 mg L−1 for COD, 54–197 mg L−1 for SS and 5–13 mg L−1 for P.CONCLUSIONSThe minor contribution of the P adsorption process to substrate clogging further suggests that dewatered Al‐DWTR with a high P removal capacity is a promising substrate for use in biofiltration systems. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
High‐cell‐density fermentation of Escherichia coli for expression of a recombinant phenylalanine dehydrogenase mutant and its purification
Authors: Zhao Chen , Wang Lu , Li Duanhua , Li Jinjun , Ge Yan , Liang Tao , Zhu Yu , Yu Rong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH; l‐phenylalanine: NAD+ oxidoreductase, deaminating (EC 1.4.1.20)) is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. It is the main biocatalyst in the enantioselective synthesis of l‐phenylalanine, related l‐amino acids as well as some non‐natural amino acids which are important pharmaceutical intermediates. However, growing demands for PheDH and its limited production result in the shortage of the enzyme's supply so that it is necessary to explore and establish an industrial production process for PheDH.RESULTSIn this study, the high‐cell‐density fermentation of recombinant Escherichia coli for expression of an engineered mutant R272M/E331Q/E196N of PheDH was investigated, which is a key catalyst with improved catalytic capability during the important intermediate production of saxagliptin. Cultivation media and induction conditions of recombinant E. coli were tested in shake flask experiments. A fed‐batch fermentation strategy using MR2 as cultivation medium and lactose as inducer was developed in a 30 L fermenter. After 24 h of cultivation, the dry cell weight reached 52.32 g L–1 (based on OD600), and the specific activity of crude extracts was 0.49 U mg–1. By applying the aqueous two‐phase system strategy, a purified PheDH productivity of 191.96 mg·L−1·h−1 was obtained. The specific activity, recovery, yield and purification fold of PheDH were 3.21 U mg–1, 104.19%, 84.53% and 6.55, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that the application of high‐cell‐density fermentation in conjunction with aqueous two‐phase system strategy provides vital support for large‐scale production of recombinant PheDH. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Crown preparations by undergraduate dental students: A comparison of conventional versus digital assessment via an intraoral scanner
Authors: Seet Ren Hao , Soo Peng Ru , Leong Karen Jia Mian , Pang Joyce Jia Hui , Lee Frank Kong Fei , Tan Ming Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to assess the effectiveness of the 3Shape TRIOS intraoral scanner (IOS) in student crown preparation evaluation.DesignStudents were tasked to perform a full metal crown preparation on the upper left first molar on a patient simulator within 45 minutes. Marginal Width, Occlusal Reduction, Presence of Undercuts, Taper, Planes of Reduction, Line Angles, Conformity to Gingival Contour, and Smoothness were evaluated via 3 assessment modes: (a) Conventional assessment by 2 supervisors; (b) Conventional assessment by students; (c) Digital assessment by students. Agreement between assessment modes was investigated using Kappa (κ), with a threshold set at κ > 0.4. Effectiveness of IOS for objective parameters was determined via physical verification, while that for subjective parameters was defined by agreement with the stricter supervisor grade.ResultsSubstantial agreement (κ = 0.631) was found between IOS measurement of Marginal Width and physical verification. Two of 5 subjective parameters met κ > 0.4 for agreement between IOS and the stricter supervisor grade. Agreement between supervisors ranged from slight (κ = 0.103) for Occlusal Reduction to Fair (κ = 0.399) for Marginal Width. Agreement between conventional assessments of supervisors and students ranged from less than chance (κ = −0.142) for Occlusal Reduction to moderate (κ = 0.577) for Line Angles. Agreement between conventional assessments of supervisors and digital assessments of students ranged from slight (κ = 0.130) for Planes of Reduction to moderate (κ = 0.538) for Line Angles.ConclusionsIOS may be used to overcome limitations in conventional assessment of objective parameters and some subjective parameters. Digital assessment of crown preparations cannot completely replace conventional assessment.
Experiences and attitudes of dental hygiene faculty regarding the mentorship of undergraduate student research
Authors: Partido Brian B. , Chartier Elizabeth A. , Heminger Brittini 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeResearch remains a strong emphasis in entry‐level dental hygiene programs as mandated by the Commission on Dental Accreditation. However, more exploration is needed to understand the faculty mentor and student research mentee relationship specific to undergraduate dental hygiene students. The purpose of the study was to identify factors and attitudes of undergraduate faculty influencing their level of interest in mentoring undergraduate student research.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional survey research design, a non‐probability sample of dental hygiene faculty from U.S. dental hygiene programs were asked questions about their experiences and attitudes about mentoring undergraduate student research.ResultsFrom the 248 survey invitations sent to dental hygiene program directors, 68 of the 75 responses received were analyzed. Fifty‐six percent (n = 38) of respondents mentored undergraduate research and 77% (n = 52) of respondents expressed interest in mentoring undergraduate research. Full‐time faculty (>75% FTE), mid‐career faculty (7–20 years) and late‐career faculty (>20 years) were more likely to have mentored undergraduate research. Mentors of undergraduate research were more likely to enjoy teaching students about research more than faculty without mentorship experience. Faculty members with interest in research mentorship were more likely to enjoy teaching students about research and help students become better prepared for graduate studies than faculty not interested in research mentorship. Experience with mentoring student research, early‐career status (<7 years), and mid‐career status (7–20 years) were significant predictors of interest in mentoring student research.ConclusionEfforts should be directed to identifying and providing support for faculty mentors of undergraduate student research.
An update on the origin of SARS‐CoV‐2: Despite closest identity, bat (RaTG13) and pangolin derived coronaviruses varied in the critical binding site and O‐linked glycan residues
Authors: Malaiyan Jeevan , Arumugam Suresh , Mohan Kamalraj , Gomathi Radhakrishnan Gokul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe initial cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and swept the world by 23 June 2020 with 8 993 659 active cases, 469 587 deaths across 216 countries, areas or territories. This strongly implies global transmission occurred before the lockdown of China. However, the initial source's transmission routes of SARS‐CoV‐2 remain obscure and controversial. Research data suggest bat (RaTG13) and pangolin carried CoV were the proximal source of SARS‐CoV‐2. In this study, we used systematic phylogenetic analysis of Coronavirinae subfamily along with wild type human SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and SARS‐CoV‐2 strains. The key residues of the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) and O‐linked glycan were compared. SARS‐CoV‐2 strains were clustered with RaTG13 (97.41% identity), Pangolin‐CoV (92.22% identity) and Bat‐SL‐CoV (80.36% identity), forms a new clade‐2 in lineage B of beta‐CoV. The alignments of RBD contact residues to ACE2 justified? Those SARS‐CoV‐2 strains sequences were 100% identical by each other, significantly varied in RaTG13 and pangolin‐CoV. SARS‐CoV‐2 has a polybasic cleavage site with an inserted sequence of PRRA compared to RaTG13 and only PRR to pangolin. Only serine (Ser) in pangolin and both threonine (Thr) and serine (Ser) O‐linked glycans were seen in RaTG13, suggesting that a detailed study needed in pangolin (Manis javanica) and bat (Rhinolophus affinis) related CoV.
The “scar” of a pandemic: Cumulative incidence of COVID‐19 during the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Cosma Stefano , Borella Fulvio , Carosso Andrea , Sciarrone Andrea , Cusato Jessica , Corcione Silvia , Mengozzi Giulio , Preti Mario , Katsaros Dionyssios , Di Perri Giovanni , Benedetto Chiara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCongenitally‐ or perinatally‐acquired viral infections can be harmful to the fetus but data are limited about prevalence and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) disease during the first trimester of pregnancy. We report epidemiologic data from a study investigating a cohort of women who became pregnant just before or during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We recruited 138 consecutive pregnant women attending for first trimester screening (11‐13 weeks of gestation) at Sant'Anna Hospital, Turin, Piedmont, Italy, during the plateau and the falling phase of the COVID‐19 epidemic curve. Patients were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) immunoglobulin M/immunoglobulin G antibody levels and SARS‐CoV‐2 detection in sera and nasopharyngeal swab samples. COVID‐19 cumulative incidence during the first trimester was of 10.1% with high prevalence of asymptomatic patients (42.8%). Similar to the course of the disease in non pregnant adults, 80% to 90% of infections were not severe.The prevalence of reported symptoms was four‐fold higher in SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients (57%) than in those negative (13%) (P < .001), suggesting that direct self‐testing should open doors to confirmatory testing for COVID‐19. Our findings support the need for COVID‐19 screening in early pregnancy in epidemic areas to plan materno‐fetal health surveillance programs.
Mental Health as Ruination: The Psychiatrization of Space and Poverty in Seattle
Authors: Marlovits John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis essay draws on ethnographic research I conducted in “clubhouse” spaces in two community mental health clinics serving economically disadvantaged people of color and immigrants in Seattle. Drawing on my informants’ experiences in the Pioneer Square neighborhood—an enclave associated with the “homeless mentally ill”—and in mental health clinics, I track the displacement and containment of a “right to the city” for impoverished people. I track the notion of the homeless mentally ill as a figure of postwar psychiatric discourse through its history in Seattle, arguing that postwar American psychiatry and community mental health recoded poverty as a question of madness, transforming the material needs and the rights of citizenship of the poor into questions of “character reform” and therapeutic services. I suggest that the imagination of Pioneer Square and the deprivation my informants experienced in mental health clinics is not a side effect of clinical “mismanagement” but rather part of an ongoing practice of what Ann Stoler calls “ruination,” ritualized indignities embedded in the paternalistic separation of the material and the therapeutic in postwar American psychiatry. Ultimately I address questions of poverty, home, and rights to space in Seattle.
Exploring the effect of problem‐based facilitatory teaching approach on metacognition in nursing education: A quasi‐experimental study of nurse students in Tanzania
Authors: Millanzi Walter C. , Kibusi Stephen M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimCurrently, there has been a progressive shortage of not only the number of frontline healthcare providers but also a decline in the quality of nursing care. There is a growing concern to rethink the approaches on how nurses are prepared, explore and test novel approaches for delivering the nursing curricula. This study tested the effect of the problem‐based facilitatory teaching approach on metacognition among nursing students in Tanzania, higher learning institutions.DesignA controlled pre‐/post‐test quasi‐experimental study design with a quantitative research approach was employed in this study.MethodsThe study was conducted between February–June 2019 including two purposively selected higher learning institutions in the Dodoma region, the central zone of Tanzania. The 401 randomly selected undergraduate nursing students (interventional = 134 and control = 267) were involved. The auditing inventory developed by the researcher measured the intervention, and the questionnaire titled Metacognition Strategies in Nursing was adopted to measure the metacognition, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Solution (SPSS) software program version 23.ResultsFindings indicated that 65.8% of the study participants were males. The post‐test findings revealed a significant gain in metacognition scores among participants in an intervention group between (M = 23.27; SD = 1.716) at baseline and (M = 66.31; SD = 6.204) post‐intervention. 63.4% of the total sample in an intervention group demonstrated a high level of knowledge about the regulation of cognition compared to their counterpart control group. However, 69.1% (N = 85) participants in the control group performed better for the knowledge about cognition. With the control of other factors, the intervention was found to be more times likely to influence metacognition among nurse students (AOR = 1.603, p < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.023, 2.513) . In conclusion, the intervention had the potential to positively effect the levels of metacognition among nurse students. Hence, it was closely linked to professional competency and it would change the spectrum of nursing competency and quality of care among nurse students.