bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE SKIN WITH THE USE OG CRYOGENIC TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Baykalova O. I. , Belyaev A. M. , Prokhorov G. G. , Radzhabova Z. A.-G. 
Published: December 2020

Background. The incidence of skin cancer has been steadily increasing worldwide. Squamous cell skin carcinoma (SCSC ) is the second most common form of epithelial cancer. Treatment of SCSC remains a challenge, and the 10-year survival rate does not exceed 20 % in patients with regional lymph node metastases and 10 % in patients with distant metastases.The aim of the study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes in SCSC patients using modern cryogenic technologies.Material and Methods. Between 2013 and 2019, 64 patients with SCSC were treated at N.N. Petrov Research Center for Oncology (St. Petersburg, Russia). All patients were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 32 patients who underwent cryosurgery. Group II comprised 32 patients who underwent conventional surgery.Results. No significant differences in the treatment outcomes between Group I and Group II patients were found. Cryosurgery has several advantages over other surgical modalities. The duration of surgery was shortened by an average of 54 %. Cryosurgery is less invasive than surgery; therefore, pain and bleeding are minimized. The procedure was well tolerated by all patients. According to the «VAS » scale, the intensity of the pain syndrome in the first day after surgery was 70 % lower in Group I than in Group II . In Group I patients, the length of hospital stay was shortened by 7–9 days (57 %), and postoperative complications were not observed. In Group II , local complications were noted in 3 (9.4 %) patients. Cryosurgery was proven effective in 40.6% of elderly patients with the Charlson Comorbidity Index of more than 7 points, to whom palliative therapy is usually recommended.Conclusion. Cryosurgery for patients with SCSC was safe and did not cause any negative impact on the immediate and long-term treatment outcomes. Cryosurgery is a method of choice in the treatment of patients with a comorbidity.
Program less waste sebagai inovasi dakwah Hanan Attaki
Authors: Nizar Yasyva Agfa 
Published: December 2020

<p>Dakwah tentang pengurangan sampah sangat penting dilakukan mengingat persoalan sampah masih menjadi problem bersama yang belum terselesaikan solusinya. Namun, tidak banyak para pendakwah yang melakukan dakwah dengan tema lingkungan, pengurangan sampah khususnya. Hanan Attaki sebagai pendakwah muda yang memiliki banyak pengikut, melakukan inovasi dakwah dengan mengkampanyekan program <em>less waste</em> sebagai materi dakwah. Tulisan ini merupakan studi kasus pada dakwah yang dilakukan Hanan Attaki di komunitas pemuda Bandung. Tulisan ini membahas tentang dua hal, pertama tentang inovasi dakwah yang disampaikan oleh Hanan Attaki kepada para pemuda untuk menanggulangi permasalahan sampah di kota Bandung, kedua tentang proses program <em>less waste</em> mampu memaksimalkan peran pemuda. Penulis menggunakan pendapat Al-Bayanuni dalam kitab <em>Al-Madkhal Ila Ilmi Dakwah</em> dalam menganalisis. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa inovasi dakwah Hanan Attaki dilakukan dengan membuat program <em>less waste </em>merupakan tindakan awal dalam pengaplikasian materi yang disampaikan kepada pemuda kota Bandung. <em>Less waste </em>dijadikan sebagai gaya hidup baru bagi para pemuda Bandung. Para pemuda diajarkan cara meminimalisir dan mengelola sampah organik dan anorganik. Sehingga, program <em>less waste</em> dapat membuat pemuda Bandung terlibat mengambil peran dalam isu lingkungan sekaligus mengatasinya secara langsung, serta mampu mengubah gaya pemuda yang suka nongkrong di cafe menjadi nongkrong di masjid.</p><p> </p><p><em>Da'wah about waste reduction is very important considering the problem of waste is still a common problem whose solution has not been resolved. However, not many preachers carry out preaching on the theme of the environment, especially waste reduction. Hanan Attaki as a young preacher who has many followers innovates da'wah by campaigning for a less waste program as a material for da'wah. This paper is a case study on the da'wah carried out by Hanan Attaki in the Bandung youth community. This paper discusses two things, first about the da'wah innovation conveyed by Hanan Attaki to youths to overcome the waste problem in the city of Bandung, second about the process of the less waste program capable of maximizing the role of youth. The author uses Al-Bayanuni's opinion in the book Al-Madkhal Ila Ilmi Dakwah in analyzing. The results of the study show that Hanan Attaki's innovation in preaching by creating a less waste program is the first step in the application of the material presented to the youth of Bandung. Less waste is used as a new lifestyle for Bandung youth. The youth are taught how to minimize and manage organic and inorganic waste. Thus, the less waste program can make Bandung youths involved in taking part in environmental issues as well as addressing them directly, as well as being able to change the style of youth who like to hang out in cafes to hang out in mosques.</em><em></em></p>
Status of sustainable sanitation chain in rural, semi-urban, and urban regions: a case study of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Chandana N. , Rao Bakul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Since 2014, the Government of India has constructed millions of toilets with onsite containment technology (OCT) (i.e., pit latrines and septic tanks). In this study, a detailed analysis of the toilets built, people's awareness about the existing sanitation system, and faecal sludge management (FSM) in rural, semi-urban, and urban areas of Maharashtra, India was done by carrying out a household (HH) survey and interviews with stakeholders. In the surveyed areas, open defaecation (OD) has been eliminated and an individual HH toilet with OCT is the most common sanitation available. The rural area has no FSM facilities. The semi-urban area has a very little faecal sludge (FS) collection by private agencies, while the urban area has a government-aided FS collection system. However, the semi-urban and urban areas have no disposal or treatment facility for the FS collected. In the urban area, irregular emptying of FS has triggered 7% of the HHs to practise OD and 29% of the HHs use manual labour for emptying the OCT. This study can help practitioners, government agencies, and non-governmental organisations to understand the ground reality for establishing/modifying FSM rules and regulations for Indian conditions.
Rapid evidence assessment of the impacts of sewerage, drainage, and piped water chlorination in urban settings of low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Prasad Sridevi K. , Lane Charlotte , Glandon Douglas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this review was to rapidly synthesize the available evidence regarding the expected impacts of piped water chlorination, drainage, and sewerage on individuals living in low- and middle-income urban settings. A systematic search was conducted in bibliographic databases and library catalogs. Impact evaluations that included a comparator and one of the three interventions of interest, attempted to control for confounding and selection bias, and took place in urban settings in a low- or middle-income country were considered. Outcomes related to health, well-being, economic growth, and the bacterial content of water were considered. A total of 1,483 articles were identified, with 18 included after final screening. Most studies were case-control and took place in Brazil, the Pacific Islands, or south-western Asia. Fifteen studies considered sewerage, five considered chlorination, and two studies considered drainage with some studies considering multiple interventions. All primary outcomes were related to health. When implemented alone, the sewerage and chlorination interventions were largely successful. The evidence regarding the effects of chlorination, drainage, and sewerage interventions is limited and generally has a high risk of bias. When properly implemented, sewerage and chlorination are likely to have positive health impacts. However, when implemented poorly, all three interventions can have negative health impacts.
Integralny System Nowej Ewangelizacji jako odpowiedź na wezwanie Kościoła w Ameryce Łacińskiej do nowej ewangelizacji
Authors: Pabiś Dariusz , Makowski Andrzej 
Published: December 2020

Od czasu Soboru Watykańskiego II świadomość ewangelizacyjnych wyzwań przed jakimi stoi Kościół jest coraz mocniejsza. Przynaglenie, aby w szybko zmieniającej się rzeczywistości poszukiwać dla ewangelizacji świeżych form i metod zaczęło być określane, począwszy od III Konferencji Rady Biskupów Ameryki Łacińskiej (CELAM) w Puebla z roku 1979, jako „nowa ewangelizacja”. Dzięki św. Janowi Pawłowi II określenie to zaś na stałe zagościło w świadomości Kościoła powszechnego.
Pontyfikat papieża Franciszka sprzyja, aby Ameryka Łacińska nadal kontynuowała inspirującą rolę wobec całego Kościoła w obszarze „nowej ewangelizacji”. W przekonaniu autorów artykułu godnym zainteresowania jest zainicjowany w Meksyku i z powodzeniem implementowany w wielu regionach świata, gdzie stał się oficjalnym programem duszpasterskim dla licznych diecezji i parafii - Integralny System Nowej Ewangelizacji (SINE – Sistema Integral de la Nueva Evangelización). Dostrzegając realia Kościoła w Polsce i ewangeliczy niepokój wielu duszpasterzy, System ten jest ciekawą propozycją, która – twórczo rozwinięta – może przekształcić tradycyjnie prowadzoną parafię w tętniącą życiem wspólnotę wspólnot.
Evaluation and Formulation of the Methanol Extract and Oil of Nigella Sativa
Linn into Suppositories with Potentials in the Management of Vaginal
Candidiasis
Authors: Kola-Mustapha Adeola Tawakalitu , Bamigboye Felicia Abisola , Olufadi-Ahmed Haishat Yetunde , Ayotunde Hameedat Taiye , Ghazali Yusuf Oluwagbenga 
Published: December 2020

Background:
A focus on the need to continue to develop alternative treatment protocols, especially from natural
sources like plants to circumvent the antimicrobial resistance experienced with synthetic products has become imperative.

Objective:
This research focused on the evaluation of the antifungal activities of Nigella sativa; and the formulation of a
vaginal suppository in a bid to provide therapeutic solutions to vaginal candidiasis.

Methods:
Antifungal activities of the methanol extracts of seeds and commercial oil from Nigella sativa were examined by
the agar well diffusion method against ten clinical isolates of Candida albicans and one reference standard Candida albicans
ATCC 3147. Clotrimazole was used as a positive control. Vaginal suppositories were formulated with 20% of the alcohol
extract and commercial oil using cocoa butter and shea butter as bases. The suppositories were assessed for their physicochemical and in-vitro dissolution properties. Agar well diffusion method was used to examine the antifungal activities of
the Nigella sativa suppositories.

Results:
The zones of inhibition of the extract ranged between 12.00 ± 1.73 and 32.33 ± 3.21 mm. After formulation, both
cocoa butter and shea butter bases were found to be compatible with the extract. They exhibited relatively high disintegration
time (8.56 ± 0.42 to 12.39 ± 0.98 min). The cocoa butter base gave stable suppositories and a faster release rate (56.95 ±
1.37 min) of the extract. The zones of inhibition of the suppositories incorporated with the extract ranged between 10.00 ±
1.00 and 23.67 ± 2.08 mm.

Conclusion:
These outcomes showed that the extract possesses antifungal activities and when incorporated into suppositories, activities vary according to the bases employed with the cocoa butter base being the more effective of the two bases.
2019 Novel Coronavirus: A Review on Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Current Clinical Trials in Vaccine Development
Authors: Jayaraman Megala , B. B. Sabari Krishna , Dutta Parijat , Telang Jayesh , Adhikari Sreshta , Pardeshi Arpan Neeraj 
Published: December 2020

:
Coronavirus disease-2019, a viral disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory
syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified by the Centre for Disease Control (CDC),
China, on January 7, 2020. This mysterious respiratory epidemic occurred in Wuhan, China, in late
December 2019. A month after its outbreak in China, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared
it as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) due to its severity and high
transmission potential throughout the world, leading many nations to implement multiple lockdown
sessions and strict social distancing measures. As of September 21, 2020, 30,675,675 active
cases and 954,417 deaths had been reported worldwide. Intensive research is being carried out
across the globe to identify precise diagnostic techniques and develop novel, effective vaccines
against the virus. Herein, we elaborate on details of epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis,
prevention, and vaccine trials related to this pandemic.
Automatically Explaining Machine Learning Prediction Results on Asthma Hospital Visits in Patients With Asthma: Secondary Analysis
Authors: Luo Gang , Johnson Michael D , Nkoy Flory L , He Shan , Stone Bryan L 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAsthma is a major chronic disease that poses a heavy burden on health care. To facilitate the allocation of care management resources aimed at improving outcomes for high-risk patients with asthma, we recently built a machine learning model to predict asthma hospital visits in the subsequent year in patients with asthma. Our model is more accurate than previous models. However, like most machine learning models, it offers no explanation of its prediction results. This creates a barrier for use in care management, where interpretability is desired.ObjectiveThis study aims to develop a method to automatically explain the prediction results of the model and recommend tailored interventions without lowering the performance measures of the model.MethodsOur data were imbalanced, with only a small portion of data instances linking to future asthma hospital visits. To handle imbalanced data, we extended our previous method of automatically offering rule-formed explanations for the prediction results of any machine learning model on tabular data without lowering the model’s performance measures. In a secondary analysis of the 334,564 data instances from Intermountain Healthcare between 2005 and 2018 used to form our model, we employed the extended method to automatically explain the prediction results of our model and recommend tailored interventions. The patient cohort consisted of all patients with asthma who received care at Intermountain Healthcare between 2005 and 2018, and resided in Utah or Idaho as recorded at the visit.ResultsOur method explained the prediction results for 89.7% (391/436) of the patients with asthma who, per our model’s correct prediction, were likely to incur asthma hospital visits in the subsequent year.ConclusionsThis study is the first to demonstrate the feasibility of automatically offering rule-formed explanations for the prediction results of any machine learning model on imbalanced tabular data without lowering the performance measures of the model. After further improvement, our asthma outcome prediction model coupled with the automatic explanation function could be used by clinicians to guide the allocation of limited asthma care management resources and the identification of appropriate interventions.
The Effectiveness Of Providing Vulanic Ash (Tuff Vulcan) And Dolomite As Amelioran Materials On The Growth Of Immature Liberica Coffee Plants In Peat Land Of Mekar Jaya Village
Authors: Armando Y. G. , Maryani Anis Tatik , Syarif M. 
Published: December 2020

Liberika coffee is one type of coffee that is widely cultivated by people in wetland areas (peat) precisely in Betara District, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency. In recent years, this district has become a development center and provider of Liberika coffee seeds for coffee plantation farmers from various regions such as Palembang, Kalimantan and Riau. Liberika coffee is a type of coffee that is able to adapt and produce quite well in peatlands with areca nut as a cover crop. The productivity of coffee in this area is still low at an average of 715 / kg when compared to the potential yield of Liberika coffee which can reach 950 kg / ha. Increasing production and productivity can be done through intensification and extensification. One of the efforts to improve the physical and chemical properties of peat soils so as to increase the growth and production of coffee plants is the use of ameliorants (soil enhancers). This study aims to develop a technology for using ameliorant to improve the chemical properties of peat soil. Specifically, through this study, the dosage combination of vulcan tuff ash and dolomite can be identified. which can substitute the use of artificial fertilizers (inorganic) so that it can increase the growth and production of immature liberica coffee plants on peatlands. especially the coffee plantation of farmers in the village of mekar jaya, betara district, tanjung jabung west district. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the treatment of volcanic ash and dolomite did not show significant differences in plant height parameters and, stem diameter. but it gives a real difference to the growth of live area, the number of flowers per bunch and the number of flowers in each bunch. treatment of volcanic ash 500 / gr / tree and dolomite 500 / gr / tree and a combination of volcanic ash 250 / gr / tree + dolomite 250 / gr / tree after 7 weeks of application can significantly spur on the initiation of flowering an average of 7 bunches of branch flowers if compare with control (no treatment). Likewise, observations 8 weeks after application showed the same thing, there was an increase in the number of flowers formed an average of 11 flower clumps branching. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the provision of ameliorant from vulcan tuff ash and dolomite can improve the chemical properties of peat soil so as to increase nutrient availability for growth and production of the Liberika coffee plant. From the results of this study, it can also be suggested that the use of volcanic ash and dolomite at a dose of 250-500 gr / tree to accelerate the productive phase of immature liberica coffee plants (young plants) in peatlands.
Rehabilitasi Sebagai Alternatif Pemidanaan Terhadap Anak Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Dalam Upaya Perlindungan Terhadap Anak
Authors: Najemi Andi , Nawawi Kabib , Purwastuti Lilik 
Published: December 2020

Tujuan khusus penelitian untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kedudukan anak penyalahguna narkotika serta melihat yang menjadi hal pokok pertimbangan hakim dalam menerapkan sanksi kepada anak korban penyalahguna narkotika. Rumusan masalah Bagaimanakaha kedudukan anak penyalahguna narkotika, Apakah sebagai korban atau sebagai pelaku, apa yang menjadi penilaian hakim lebih cendrung menerapkan pidana penjara, Bagaimanakah perlindungan hukum yang diberikan berkaitan dengan penerapan sanksi yang dijatuhkan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian penelitian normatif, Penggunaan metode ini dilakukan melalui kajian bahan-bahan hukum, baik bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder bahan hukum tertier. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah: Pendekatan undang-undang atau statuta approach dan pendekatan kasus atau case approach yang dilakukan dengan melakukan telaah kasus-kasus yang berkaitan dengan isu ynag dihadapi yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa Anak sebagai penyalah guna narkotika dianggap sebagai pelaku kejahatan bukan sebagai korban. Terhadap anak penyalah guna narkotika putusan penjara lebih dominan dijatuhkan, karena Hakim lebih memperioritaskan nilai kepastian hukum dibanding dengan nilai keadilan dan kemanfaatan. Dengan penjatuhan pidana penjara, maka hal tersebut tidak sesuai dengan semangat untuk mengutamakan keadilan restoratif, dan dianggap belum melindungi kepentingan anak.
Urgensi Aplikasi Sistem Keuangan Desa Dalam Pengelolaan Administrasi Keuangan Di Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat
Authors: Irwandi Irwandi , Andrizal Andrizal , Suhermi Suhermi 
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Urgensi program sistem keuangan desa dalam pelaksanaan anggaran desa dan mengetahui serta menganalisis kendala dalam pelaksanaan aplikasi sistem keuangan desa yang dihadapi kepala desa sebagai penyelenggaran Pemerintahan di Desa Dataran Kempas Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Kabupaten Tanung Jabung Barat. Penelitia ini bersifat deskriptif, yaitu penelitian ini memberikan gambaran tentang Urgensi tentang perencanaan, pelaksanaan, penatausahaan, pelaporan dan pertanggungjawaban keuangan Desa. dalam pengelolaan keuangan desa dan Kendala apa saja yang dihadapi pemerintah terbawah (kepala desa beserta aparatnya dan Badan Perwakilan Desa) dalam penerapan aplikasi sistem keuangan desa dengan menggunakan cara yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data secara yuridis sempiris, yaitu melihat bagaimana pelaksanaan program yang sudah diatur dengan perundang-undangan dapat dilaksanakan di lapangan. (Apakah sudah sesuai antara aturan dan fakta dilapangan). Data yang digunakan adalah data primer berupa hasil observasi, wawancara, dan data sekunder. Sedangkan Informan yang digunakan adalah Kepala Desa, Operator Sistem Keuangan Desa (Siskeudes), Sekretaris Desa, Bendahara Desa, Kaur Keuangan serta Kasi pada pemerintah desa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan sistem keuangan desa dalam penginputan data harus sesuai dengan yang tertera dalam sistem; sedangkan kesediaan Sumber Daya Manusia di Pemerintahan di Desa Dataran Kempas Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat tidak mendukung sehingga perlu dilakukan peningkatan kapasitas melalui pendampingan atau pelatihan yang mengakibatkan Penerapan Sistem Keuangan Desa (Siskeudes) di desa Dataran Kempas belum memberikan dampak positif terhadap kinerja Kepala Desa. Hal ini menimbulkan dampak terhadap kinerja kepala desa sebagai penyelenggaaran pemerintahan desa khususnya dalam pengelolaan administrasi Dana Desa (DD) dan Anggaran Dana Desa (ADD) yang dirasakan langsung oleh pemerintah desa di Desa Dataran Kempas Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat. . Hal ini berbanding terbalik dengan tujuan diimplentasikannya Sistem Keuangan Desa (Siskeudes) untuk membantu kerja penyelenggaran pemerintah desa secara adminitstratif.