bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gustatory ultrastructures of an amphihaline migratory fish hilsaTenualosa ilisha
Authors: Malick Chandan , Chatterjee Subhendu Kumar , Bhattacharya Samir , Suresh Vettath Raghavan , Kundu Rakesh , Saikia Surjya Kumar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted with the tongue samples of different life stages of hilsa, that is, adult Marine hilsa, adult Riverine hilsa, and Riverine juvenile hilsa, respectively. Three types of taste buds (Types I, II, and III based on their elevation from the epithelium at different levels) of the tongue, which may be to ensure full utilization of the gustatory ability of the fish were rocorded. Presence of specific taste buds indicate that the fish hilsa dwells in turbid waters with a possible preference toward diatom like planktonic food source. Enhanced expression of taste receptors (T1R1 and T1R3) and associated stimulatory G‐proteins subunits on tongue also indicate occurrence of amino acid like substances that guided sensory cues for feeding by this fish. A firm regularity or stringency of the free surface of the epithelial cells may be attributed to compactly arranged microridges. These structures protect against physical abrasions potentially caused during food manoeuvring and swallowing. In our present observations, the surface architectures of the tongue of hilsa are discussed within the background of migratory adaptation of the species in the context of feeding and habitat preferences.
Courtship in the male red‐sided garter snake is dependent on neural aromatase activity during winter dormancy
Authors: Krohmer Randolph W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe red‐sided garter snake exhibits a dissociated reproductive pattern, mating at a time when their gonads are quiescent and circulating sex steroids, initially reported to be low, have been found to be elevated during the breeding season. However, the only cue identified that initiates courtship behavior and mating in the red‐sided garter snake is an extended period of low‐temperature dormancy (LTD) followed by exposure to warm temperatures. In this study, we examined a possible association between winter dormancy, sex steroid hormone metabolism, and initiation of reproductive behavior in the male red‐sided garter snake. Upon emergence from winter dormancy, courtship behavior was assessed using attractive females as stimuli. Animals receiving implants containing 1,4,6‐androstatriene‐3,17‐dione (ATD), an aromatase inhibiter, showed little or no courtship behavior, while animals implanted with ATD + 17β estradiol (E2) or blank implants exhibited normal courtship. In addition, neurons in the pathways critical in the control of reproductive behavior were examined using the Golgi method. Examination of brains collected upon emergence revealed animals implanted with ATD had a significantly reduced number of dendritic spines compared to controls and animals treated with ATD + E2. This study provides the first documentation that courtship behavior and mating in the male red‐sided garter snake appears to be controlled not by LTD alone, but in conjunction with sex steroid hormones. Moreover, behavioral data suggest that the aromatization of androgens during LTD appears to be critical for the initiation of reproductive behavior in the male red‐sided garter snakes.
1,3‐Oxazole‐isoniazid hybrids: Synthesis, antitubercular activity, and their docking studies
Authors: Shah Shailesh R. , Katariya Kanubhai D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA series of novel N′‐([2‐aryl‐5‐methyl‐1,3‐oxazole‐4‐yl]methylene)isonicotino/nicotino hydrazides 10a‐l were prepared by the condensation reaction of 2‐aryl‐5‐methyl‐1,3‐oxazole‐4‐carbaldehydes 8a‐f with the corresponding isonicotino/nicotino hydrazides 9a/9b. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by various spectroanalytical techniques, including IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental (C,H,N), and mass analysis. All the newly prepared INH‐1,3‐oxazole hybrids were evaluated for their in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Among all the synthesized hybrids, compounds 10c and 10i derivatives displayed highest antitubercular activity with minimal inhibitory concentration 1.56 μg/mL. Further, molecular docking studies against the InhA enzyme were carried out to understand the interactions between potent hybrids and the target enzyme. Thus, these kind hybrids have the potentiality for the discovery of new antitubercular agents for deployment in the control and eradication of tuberculosis.
A Case study of the radiation therapy treatment of a transitional cell carcinoma of the distal urethra
Authors: Donovan Amy , Beldham-Collins Rachael , Turner Sandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUrethral carcinoma is a rare urological cancer, accounting for only 1% of malignancies in Australia. The most common histology is transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). The majority of these cancers are treated with surgery. The main purpose of this case study is to describe a novel radiation treatment technique for treatment of this uncommon cancer. This report details organ‐preserving treatment for a distal penile urethral cancer using definitive radiation therapy (RT). In May 2016 a 69‐year‐old male presented to Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre (CPMCC) with a small TCC of the distal urethra. The patient was offered numerous treatment options, both radical and organ‐preserving approaches, and came to a final decision of a course of radiation therapy despite the lack of randomised evidence to guide treatment in this setting. A dose of 66 Gy in 33 fractions from parallel opposed lateral beams was prescribed to the distal penile urethra. This case required an unusual approach to patient set up to allow access for accurate treatment delivery and to maintain patient comfort. The patient tolerated the full course of radiation therapy with expected skin side effects. He has maintained adequate penile function and is currently free from disease at 33 months with ongoing clinical follow‐up.
Preservation of traditional Chinese pork balls supplemented with essential oil microemulsion in a phase‐change material package
Authors: Wang Yifei , Zhang Qian , Bian Wenyi , Ye Lin , Yang Xiaobo , Song Xiaoqiu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, we evaluated the combined effect of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) microemulsions, and a temperature buffering package using phase‐change material (PCM) microcapsules on the physicochemical property, lipid oxidation, and bacterial load of traditional Chinese pork balls (shi zi tou) during temperature fluctuation storage for 9 days.RESULTSTransmission electron microscope characterization revealed that n‐tetradecane microcapsules possessed a core‐shell spherical shape with a size ranging from 300 to 600 nm. The use of n‐tetradecane microcapsule packaging was found to maintain cold storage temperature efficiently. After 9 days of storage, the combination of CEO microemulsions with n‐tetradecane microcapsules did not lead to changes in the color parameters of pork balls. At day 9, n‐tetradecane microcapsules, used alone or in combination with CEO microemulsions, showed lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values than the control group, while their combination exhibited the lowest pH and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) values. Furthermore, the combination treatment retarded the growth of total plate count, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcus spp. after 4 and 9 days.CONCLUSIONSThe combinations of CEO microemulsions and PCM microcapsules could extend the shelf‐life of cooked pork products, suggesting a feasible strategy for meat preservation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The speed of learning and learning forces
Authors: Haider Sajjad , Mariotti Francesca 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a model of learning forces to measure and accelerate the speed of learning in knowledge initiatives. The model is built on the assertion that the speed at which companies learn and how they manage underlying learning forces determines their competitive position. Borrowing analogies from the field of physics, we introduce learning forces, learning acceleration, and knowledge value growth concepts to explain the transitions in knowledge capabilities. It is argued that these transitions can have different speeds, vectors (magnitude and direction), and trajectories (path). Further, we consider the changes in the efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge sharing to examine such transitions. The paper builds the argument that the speed and the success of learning depend on whether the vector of knowledge transition and the forces applied are aligned with the direction of the business strategy and whether or not the generated knowledge supports core capabilities (existing or potential) of the organization. Further, we examine how managing forces of friction, unlearning redundant knowledge, and creating a leaner knowledge strategy can improve learning processes.
Easy preparation method of stable copper‐based nanoparticle suspensions in lubricant engine oil
Authors: Gondolini Angela , Mercadelli Elisa , Zin Valentina , Barison Simona , Sanson Alessandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNanolubricants, thanks to their ability to reduce friction and wear, are increasingly studied in the transport and automotive sectors. These systems are generally produced with a two‐step procedure by dispersing nanoparticles into base oils. Very recently, one‐step methods have received increasing attention for the production of highly stable nanosuspensions at lower cost. Degradation‐decomposition of the base oil can however occur during the synthesis affecting the final performances. In this work, copper‐based nanolubricants were produced using a new procedure that preserves the base oil from the degradation induced by the synthesis and allows producing highly stable nanolubricant. The produced fluid showed a monodisperse distribution of nanometric particles and a good stability up to at least 60 days from its production. The as‐produced nanolubricants showed notable performance reducing the friction coefficient even up to 32.7% for Cu concentration of 0.01 vol% at 80°C.
A 100‐GHz full 360° reflection‐type phase shifter using a balanced phase inverter
Authors: Li Xu‐Guang , Fu Hai‐Peng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a 100‐GHz phase shifter capable of providing full 360° continuous phase tuning range in 55 nm CMOS technology. The phase shifter is based on reflection‐type phase shifter (RTPS), which has more than 180° phase shift and employs a 0°/180° phase inverter (PI). The amplitude difference between 0°/180° modes of the PI is less than 0.5 dB while the phase imbalance is less than 1° at 90‐100 GHz. The measured insertion loss of the proposed phase shifter for all phase states is 6.1‐10.2 dB at 95 GHz. The chip of our proposed phase shifter occupies an area of 710 × 510 μm2, and the DC power consumption is 20 mW.
Necessary and sufficient conditions of near‐optimality in a regime‐switching diffusion model
Authors: Li Min , Wu Zhen 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the stochastic near‐optimal control problem for a regime‐switching diffusion model, where the control domains are convex. The controlled system is described by the Itô‐type stochastic differential equation (SDE) with a continuous‐time Markov chain, which possesses a finite state structure. Some new estimates for state and adjoint processes are obtained in the presence of the Markovian jumps. Based on these estimates and Ekeland's variational principle, the necessary and sufficient conditions for near‐optimality of this model are established. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.
Preparation of β‐CD@ferrocene@hollow mesoporous silica microsphere and investigation of its flame retardant EP
Authors: Shan Xueying , Han Ji , Li Jinchun , Song Yan , Hu Yuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor improving the flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP), β‐cyclodextrin@ ferrocene@hollow mesoporous silica microspheres (β‐CD@FE@HMS) were prepared successfully by the self‐assembly method. Then, they were used as flame retardant to improve the fire safety of EP. EP/β‐CD@FE and EP/HMS composites were also prepared for comparative study. The results showed that β‐CD@FE@HMS could effectively improve the thermal stability of EP, in which the initial degradation temperature and the amount of char residue of EP were increased. The content of small molecule toxic gases produced by the combustion of EP composite was also reduced apparently. With the addition of 5 wt% β‐CD@FE@HMS, LOI value of EP was increased to 27.5% from 19.8%, and UL‐94 reached V‐1 rating. Comparing with pure EP, the peak heat release rate and total heat release values of EP were reduced by 11.0% and 12.3%, respectively, and the total smoke production was reduced by 30.6%. EP/β‐CD@FE@HMS composite formed a higher quality char layer. Therefore, β‐CD@FE@HMS microspheres could improve the fire safety of EP.
Heterodissemination: precision targeting container Aedes mosquitoes with a cohabiting midge species carrying insect growth regulator
Authors: Wang Yi , Suman Devi S , Chandel Kshitij , Williams Gregory M , Unlu Isik , Gaugler Randy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundManagement of Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti is challenging in large part due to the cryptic nature of their larval habitats. Autodissemination, using conspecific species to transfer pesticide, is unable to provide proactive control. Here we report results from a new hypothesis, heterodissemination, wherein females of the cohabiting non‐biting midge, Chironomus decorus, reared in the laboratory, treated with pyriproxyfen, and released to transfer lethal concentrations to shared mosquito larval habitats.ResultsPyriproxyfen‐impregnated oil and powder formulations were developed. The average payload for each female midge treated with oil followed by powder formulations was 5.07 ± 0.92 μg of active ingredient or 1660 times the median lethal concentration (LC50) for Ae. albopictus or Ae. aegypti in 200 mL of water. Subsequent residue analysis showed pyriproxyfen transference from chironomids, treated with oil formulation only, into water‐holding containers up to 2.06 ppb or 171.7 times the LC50. Releasing 20 laboratory reared and contaminated Chironomus decorus into a small room resulted in 80.42 ± 0.67% and 75.67 ± 3.14% Ae. albopictus pupal mortality in open and cryptic sentinel ovicups, respectively. Container water volumes ranging up to 4 L did not affect efficacy. In a large field cage, 90.3 ± 2.5% Ae. albopictus mortality was resulted from releasing 100 treated female midges. Releasing 400 contaminated midges into a residential backyard resulted in 74.3% pupal mortality in sentinel ovicups.ConclusionsRoom, large field cage and field release trials demonstrated that adult midges reared and treated in the laboratory transfer highly lethal concentrations of pyriproxyfen to Ae. albopictus container habitats. Heterodissemination provides a potential approach for precision, proactive mosquito control, which may draw attention for further studies. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Theoretical insight into the solvent effect on the stoichiometric reduction of carbonyl compounds by ammonia borane and N‐methyl amine borane
Authors: Ma Nana , Song Mengxiao , Meng Qi , Wei Changgeng , Zhang Guisheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor the traditional reduction of ketones and aldehydes, NH3BH3 (AB) and N‐methyl amine borane (M
nAB) have been effective reducing agents. However, the reaction process is indefinite and different mechanisms have been proposed; also the solvent effect, which is closely related to the mechanism, has not been considered seriously. Here we employ density functional theory to carry out a comprehensive study on the mechanism. The calculated free energy of the concerted double hydrogen transfer process is lower than the hydroboration mechanism by 4.7 kcal/mol, which indicates that reduction of carbonyl by AB is likely due to be the concerted double hydrogen transfer in both aprotic (tetrahydrofuran) and protic (MeOH) solvents. For the reduction by M
nAB, the corresponding free energies of all reactions are higher than those of AB. Meanwhile, the reduction of benzaldehyde by M
nAB (n = 1, 2) also favors a concerted double hydrogen transfer rather than hydroboration.
Challenges and trends for halogen determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: A review
Authors: Flores Erico M.M. , Mello Paola A. , Krzyzaniak Sindy R. , Cauduro Vitoria H. , Picoloto Rochele S. 
Published: January 2020

RationaleIn this review, works published in the past 25 years for fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine determination in several matrices by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) were covered. Usually, the determination of halogens has been performed by ICP‐MS using a previous sample preparation step or, more recently, by direct analysis of solid or liquid samples.MethodsMethods based on combustion, extraction, pyrohydrolysis, sample dilution in organic or aqueous medium, and wet digestion, among others, are discussed. Moreover, the recent applications of methods based on laser ablation (LA) and electrothermal vaporization (ETV) coupled to ICP‐MS are discussed.ResultsThe main challenge for methods using sample preparation has been to obtain a final solution compatible with ICP‐MS, as well as to overcome problems related to analyte losses and contamination. Interferences due to the presence of dissolved organic compounds in solution, enhancement or suppression of ionization of analytes, and related matrix effects have been of concern when using ICP‐MS. For the determination of halogens by ICP‐MS using LA and ETV systems, some limitations related to the difficulty of calibration are pointed out, impairing the widespread use of this approach.ConclusionsA critical view is presented for further halogen determination by ICP‐MS, mainly for matrices considered difficult to digest using conventional protocols.
A prototype of high‐sensitivity noncoherent receiver for ADS‐B signals
Authors: Ren Peng , Wang Jianxin , Yang Shushu , Song Haiwei 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this paper, we design a high‐sensitivity noncoherent receiver for the reception of automatic dependent surveillance‐broadcast (ADS‐B) signals in a satellite‐based application. The proposed receiver is of constant false alarm rate (CFAR) property and implemented completely by the field programmable gate array (FPGA). Two vital parameters of the receiver, probabilities of detection and correct reception, are analytically formulated and validated by Monte Carlo simulations as well. We examine the availability of algorithms exploited in the proposed receiver by feeding the real ADS‐B signals collected near the Nanjing Lukou International Airport. Then, we build a receiver prototype. Some prototype tests are carried out in the laboratory. We find out that the sensitivity of the proposed receiver is approximately
dBm, corresponding to the probability of correct reception equal to 0.93, and it is consistent with the theoretical value.
Effect of Aliphatic and Aromatic Chain Extenders on Thermal Stability of Graphene Oxide/Polyurethane Hybrid Composites Prepared by Sol‐Gel Method
Authors: Behnam Reza , Roghani‐Mamaqani Hossein , Salami‐Kalajahi Mehdi , Mardani Hanieh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHybrid composites of graphene and polyurethane (PU) were prepared via sol‐gel method. The isocyanate‐terminated PUs with chain extenders of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and butanediol were reacted with (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) to obtain Polyurethane with PMDA chain extender (PUI) and Polyurethane with BD chain extender (PUBD), respectively. Sol‐gel reaction between the silane‐modified polyurethanes with APTES‐modified graphene oxide resulted in the hybrid composites with high thermal degradation temperature and char content. Results of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis confirmed chemical modification of graphene and successful preparation of the bifunctional silane‐modified PUI and PUBD, respectively. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results, PMDA chain extender resulted in higher degradation temperature and char content in the hybrid composites. In addition, siloxane networks formed by sol‐gel process resulted in synergistic effects on improving thermal stability of the PU materials. X‐ray diffraction results in addition to the scanning and transmission electron microscopy images confirmed successful oxidation of graphite and also its modification process.
Synthesis and Studies of Glucosamine Conjugated BF2‐Oxasmaragdyrin
Authors: Laxman Kandala , Reddy B. Pradeep K. , Robinson Andrea , Srivastava Rohit , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA value addition to the existing NIR fluorescence imaging agents has been synthesized in the form of glucosamine conjugated BF2‐oxasmaragdyrin by treating meso‐p‐carboxyphenyl BF2‐oxasmaragdyrin with 6‐amine‐6‐deoxy‐1‐O‐Boc‐2‐N‐Boc‐β‐D‐glucosamine in the presence of HBTU. The glucosamine conjugated BF2‐oxasmaragdyrin was thoroughly characterized by HRMS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The photophysical studies revealed that the conjugates are highly stable, absorb in visible‐ far‐red region (400‐700 nm) and emits in far‐red region (715 nm) with moderate quantum yields. The electrochemical studies showed that the molecules are stable under redox conditions with one reversible reduction and three reversible oxidations. The glucosamine conjugated BF2‐oxasmaragdyrin was found to be highly biocompatible with good cellular uptake in L929 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells.
Synthesis of Quinazoline Derivatives Catalyzed by a New Efficient Reusable Nanomagnetic Catalyst Supported with Functionalized Piperidinium Benzene‐1,3‐Disulfonate Ionic Liquid
Authors: Fatehi Anvar , Ghorbani‐Vaghei Ramin , Alavinia Sedigheh , Mahmoodi Jafar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSome novel quinazoline derivatives are prepared via one‐pot reaction of 2‐amino‐5‐chlorobenzophenone, aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate using two different types of catalytic systems including nano‐magnetic piperidinium benzene‐1,3‐disulfonate salt (PBDS‐SCMNPs), and triethanolammonium‐2,2,2‐trichloroacetate (TEATCA). The highlighting points of using PBDS‐SCMNPs are easy purification, reusability of the catalyst, good yields of products with short time reactions compared with TATCA.