bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of Alignment in Emergency Response by Systems and the Public: A Dutch Disaster Health Literacy Case Study
Authors: Sørensen Kristine 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:Disaster health literacy is vital for emergency medicine and public health preparedness. Conversely, how health and safety information is communicated has a significant impact on disaster health literacy. A lack of alignment between the disaster response and the public’s reaction was apparent during a Dutch chemical incident. This case study aims to provide insights into why that misalignment occurred.Methods:The case study used readily available Twitter data. The tweets represented both the public and the authorities. The tweets were coded, thematically categorised, analysed, and synthesised to generate an explanatory framework describing the obstacles experienced during the emergency.Results:The analysis identified four areas of concern with regards to the lack of alignment between the authorities and the public: the alert of the chemical incident, the inadequate communication, the problematic disaster management, and the insufficient disaster health literacy.Conclusion:The case study showed shortcomings in communication and a lack of alignment in the emergency response of the authorities as well as the public’s disaster health literacy. Immediate action points were apparent, and a more profound evaluation is recommended to avoid further escalation of an emergency in the future. Trust needs to be built before the next incident strikes.
Injury Assessment of Individuals Wounded in the Lushan Earthquake and the Emergency Department Workload: A Corresponding Correlation Study
Authors: Tang Shiyuan , Ni Fen , Hu Hai , Du Xiaojiong , Zhu Shuheng , Wang Haoyuan , Niu Zhendong , He Yarong , Cao Yu 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:In this study, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between the trauma score of individuals wounded in the Lushan earthquake and emergency workload for treatment. We further created a trauma score-emergency workload calculation model.Methods:We included data from patients wounded in the Lushan earthquake and treated at West China Hospital, Sichuan University. We calculated scores per the following models separately: Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Prehospital Index (PHI), Circulation Respiration Abdominal Movement Speech (CRAMS), Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS-28), and Nursing Activities Score (NAS). We assessed the association between values for CRAMS, PHI, and RTS and those for TISS-28 and NAS. Subsequently, we built a trauma score-emergency workload calculation model to quantitative workload estimation.Results:Significant correlations were observed for all pairs of trauma scoring models with emergency workload scoring models. TISS-28 score was significantly associated with PHI score and RTS; however, no significant correlation was observed between the TISS-28 score and CRAMS score.Conclusions:CRAMS, PHI, and RTS were consistent in evaluating the injury condition of wounded individuals; TISS-28 and NAS scores were consistent in evaluating the required treatment workload. Dynamic changes in emergency workload in unit time were closely associated with wounded patient visits.
Impact of national guidelines for antimicrobial stewardship to reduce antibiotic use in upper respiratory tract infection and gastroenteritis
Authors: Sato Daisuke , Goto Tadahiro , Uda Kazuaki , Kumazawa Ryosuke , Matsui Hiroki , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To examine whether the issue and dissemination of national guidelines in the Manual of Antimicrobial Stewardship had an impact on reducing antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) and gastroenteritis.Method:An interrupted time-series analysis was performed using a large nationwide database from June 2016 to June 2018. Outpatients with ARTI or gastroenteritis aged ≥6 years were identified. The outcome measures were any antibiotic use and broad-spectrum antibiotic use. The season-adjusted changes in the rate of antibiotic prescriptions for 2 periods before and after the guideline issue date were examined.Results:There were 13,177,735 patients with ARTI and 300,565 patients with gastroenteritis during the study period. Among patients with ARTI, there was a significant downward trend in antibiotic use during the 2-year study period (−0.06% per week; 95% CI, −0.07% to −0.04%). However, there was no significant change in trends of antibiotic use between the pre-issue period and post-issue period (trend difference, −0.01% per week; 95% CI, −0.10% to 0.07%). Similarly, for patients with gastroenteritis, there was no significant change in the trends of antibiotic use between the pre-issue period and post-issue period (trend difference, −0.02% per week; 95% CI, −0.04% to 0.01%). Similar associations were observed in analyses for broad-spectrum antibiotic use.Conclusions:Despite the issue of national guidelines to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics, there were no significant changes in trends of antibiotic use for outpatients with ARTI or gastroenteritis between the pre-issue and post-issue periods.
Fragility and resilience in the European Union's security strategy: comparing policy paradigms
Authors: Baldaro Edoardo , Costantini Irene 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe article takesfragilityandresilienceas distinct policy paradigms, and proposes a structured, focused comparison of how they informed and changed the EU approach to conflict and crisis management in time. The first section provides a cumulative synthesis of the debate onfragilityandresiliencein the international and European security discourse and practice on the background of which their comparison is built. By analysing the founding documents respectively endorsingfragilityandresiliencein the European context, namely the 2003 European Security Strategy and the 2016 European Union Global Strategy in addition to the existing literature on these topics, the two paradigms are examined in terms of (1) what understanding of the international system they advance; (2) where they identify the locus of the threat; (3) which role they attribute to the international community (4) and the type of solutions they proposed. In accordance with our results, we conclude that the two paradigms are not in competition, since they emerged from and reflected a contingent shift in global and local environments. Moreover, rather than providing a novel lens to better look at conflict and crisis situation, resilience is found to offer more insights into the EU's perception of its role in these contexts.
Success or failure? Making sense of outcomes in a public sector change project
Authors: Hagebakken Grete , Olsen Trude Høgvold , Solstad Elsa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe most common method of assessing outcomes of change projects is to compare the final outcomes with predefined goals and conclude that the project has been a success, or more commonly, a failure. We question whether such simple conclusions pay due respect to complex processes. In this paper, we apply a sensemaking perspective to explore how and when outcomes of change projects are assessed. We report from a longitudinal case study of a project in the Norwegian public sector that was initiated to suggest and implement changes in response to major challenges in the health sector. We found outcome narratives in all project phases, including those not based on change objectives. The study contributes to the literature by suggesting that outcome narratives are continuously constructed throughout change projects and that competing outcome narratives can co-exist, be reinforced or be merged over time.
Plectatrypinae and other ribbed atrypides succeeding the end Ordovician extinction event, Central Oslo Region, Norway
Authors: Baarli B. Gudveig 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStrata of the Solvik Formation in the central Oslo Region (upper Hirnantian through most of Aeronian) are very fossiliferous and provide a good record relating to the survival and recovery faunas after the end-Ordovician mass extinctions. The ribbed atrypide fauna is especially rich with 21 species present. Samples from most of these taxa have been sectioned to reveal internal structures for taxonomic study. Of these, 13 species belong to the family Atrypidae, three of which are described in the present paper;Dihelictera engerensisn. sp.,Gotatrypa vettrensisn. sp., andRhinatrypa henningsmoenin. gen. The family Atrypidae follows a global pattern of recovery with an increase in diversity registered in upper Rhuddanian and further diversification in Aeronian strata. The focus of this paper is the family Atrypinidae, which shows a different pattern. They are common and fairly diverse near the base of the Rhuddanian in deeper waters and rare further up, especially in the Aeronian. One new genus,Bockeliena, and two new species,Plectatrypa rindiandEuroatrypa?sigridiare defined. The relationship between the subfamilies Spirigerininae and Plectatrypinae is clarified through thin sections of material from the Ordovician/Silurian boundary layers. The plectatrypids originated in Baltica through transitional species found in upper Katian to Hirnantian strata leading from the cosmopolitanEospirigerinato thePlectatrypalineage with imbricate ribbing and, separately, toBockelienaand others with lamellose, widely spaced ornamentation. The Oslo Region probably acted as a nexus for survival and spread of brachiopods after the end-Ordovician mass extinction.UUID:http://zoobank.org/95340b41-5537-4192-9338-211a2940bea8.
Cave life histories of non-anthropogenic sediments help us understand associated archaeological contexts
Authors: Karkanas Panagiotis , Marean Curtis , Bar-Matthews Mira , Jacobs Zenobia , Fisher Eric , Braun Kerstin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPinnacle Point (PP) near Mossel Bay in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, is known for a series of archaeological caves with important archaeological finds. Extensive excavations and studies in two of them (PP13B and PP5-6) have documented alternating periods of anthropogenic-dominated and geogenic-dominated sedimentation. A variety of caves do not bear evidence of anthropogenic remains. We have studied in detail the remnant deposits of three of them, Staircase Cave, Crevice Cave, and PP29, which have been formed under the same geologic and sedimentary conditions with those with anthropogenic contributions. Their remains are small and patchy but have extensive speleothem formations (as do most caves at PP) that were isotopically analyzed for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. These caves also offer the opportunity to understand the purely geogenic signature of the PP locality and thus offer a geogenic baseline for the anthropogenic caves. Archaeologists normally focus only on sites with strong anthropogenic signals, but by building cave life histories we “raise the bar” (Goldberg 2008, p. 30) on our contextual knowledge.
Prey–predator interaction suggests sacred groves are not functionally different from neighbouring used lands
Authors: Hariraveendra M. , Rajesh T.P. , Unni Anjana P. , Sinu Palatty Allesh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSacred groves (SG) of south India are either relics of primary or secondary forests or swamps, worshipped by the local communities, and distributed in the countrysides (CS) and forest landscapes of India. Studies suggest that SGs harbour a biodiversity different from that of adjoining CS and have a structural similarity to protected forests. Studies also suggest a negative effect of structural complexity of forests on predation. Considering these two expectations, we compared the predation of artificial caterpillars inside SGs and CSs with the hypothesis that predation will be less in SG than in CS. Examining the predation marks, we identified the likely predator and scored the intensity of predation. Bite marks of arthropods, birds, lizards and mammals were observed on caterpillars of both habitats. The predation rate and predation intensity were similar for overall predators and for each predator taxon in both habitats, despite the fact that mammal predation was mostly encountered in SGs. Because the proportion of predated caterpillars is not different between habitats and the intensity of predation is high in SGs, we conclude that SGs may not have a quality of the expected standard.
The Finnish tail construction as a first mention
Authors: Priiki Katri 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article examines the Finnish tail construction (right dislocation) used as a first mention of a referent and the variation of the demonstrative pronouns tämä ‘this’, tuo ‘that’, and se ‘it’ in the construction. Many previous studies have suggested that tail construction (TC) referents are highly active and thus already mentioned and salient in a conversation. However, in Finnish, the TC may introduce new referents into a conversation, and this article provides an empirical analysis of how and why this is done. First-mention TCs are often evaluations or questions in which the proposition links the utterance to the preceding context. When presenting new information, the TC allows the speaker to present a potentially lengthy lexical definition of a new referent at the end of the utterance, avoiding the additional emphatic meanings or unwanted implications a simply inverted word order might create.
Parental internalizing disorder and the developmental trajectory of infant self-regulation: The moderating role of positive parental behaviors
Authors: Sun Xiaoning , Seeley John R. , Allen Nicholas B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChild self-regulation (SR), a key indicator for later optimal developmental outcomes, may be compromised in the presence of parental mental disorders, especially those characterized by affective dysregulation. However, positive parental behaviors have been shown to buffer against such negative effects, especially during infancy when SR shows great plasticity to environmental inputs. The current study investigated the effect of maternal and paternal lifetime and current internalizing disorders on the developmental trajectory of infant SR from 3 to 24 months, and the potential moderating role of positive parental behaviors. A latent growth model revealed that SR increased overall from 3 to 24 months. Mothers’ positive parental behaviors demonstrated significant moderation effects, such that maternal lifetime internalizing disorder was associated with higher SR intercept only among those with low levels of positive parental behavior. Mothers’ lifetime internalizing disorder was also associated with a lower linear slope in SR development with a moderate effect size. Fathers’ current internalizing disorder was significantly associated with a higher intercept and lower linear slope of the SR trajectory. The current study expands the infant SR literature by describing its early developmental trajectory as well as early risk and protective factors within the parent–infant environment, taking into consideration developmental inputs from both parents.
Porcine follicular fluid derived from > 8 mm sized follicles improves oocyte maturation and embryo development duringin vitromaturation of pigs
Authors: Park Ji-Eun , Lee Sang-Hee , Hwangbo Yong , Park Choon-Keun 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of porcine follicular fluid (pFF) from large-sized (LFF; >8 mm in diameter) and medium-sized (MFF; 3–6 mm in diameter) follicles on the maturation and developmental competence of porcine oocytes. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from follicles 3–6 mm in diameter. The collected COCs were incubated for 22 h with LFF or MFF (in vitromaturation (IVM)-I stage) and were incubated subsequently for 22 h with LFF or MFF (IVM-II stage). Cumulus expansion was confirmed after the IVM-I stage and nuclear maturation was evaluated after the IVM-II stage. Intracellular glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured and embryonic development was evaluated. Relative cumulus expansion and GSH levels were higher in the LFF group compared with in the MFF group after the IVM-I stage (P <0.05). After the IVM-II stage, the numbers of oocytes in metaphase-II were increased in the LFF group and GSH content was higher in all of the LFF treatment groups compared with in the MFF treatment groups during both IVM stages (P <0.05). ROS levels were reduced by LFF treatment regardless of IVM stage (P <0.05). Blastocyst formation and the total numbers of cells in blastocysts were increased in all LFF treatment groups compared with the control group (P <0.05). These results suggested that pFF from large follicles at the IVM stage could improve nucleic and cytoplasmic maturation status and further embryonic development through reducing ROS levels and enhancing responsiveness to gonadotropins.
Improved feature decay algorithms for statistical machine translation
Authors: Poncelas Alberto , Maillette de Buy Wenniger Gideon , Way Andy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn machine-learning applications, data selection is of crucial importance if good runtime performance is to be achieved. In a scenario where the test set is accessible when the model is being built, training instances can be selected so they are the most relevant for the test set. Feature Decay Algorithms (FDA) are a technique for data selection that has demonstrated excellent performance in a number of tasks. This method maximizes the diversity of the n-grams in the training set by devaluing those ones that have already been included. We focus on this method to undertake deeper research on how to select better training data instances. We give an overview of FDA and propose improvements in terms of speed and quality. Using German-to-English parallel data, first we create a novel approach that decreases the execution time of FDA when multiple computation units are available. In addition, we obtain improvements on translation quality by extending FDA using information from the parallel corpus that is generally ignored.
DaRLing: A Datalog rewriter for OWL 2 RL ontological reasoning under SPARQL queries
Authors: FIORENTINO ALESSIO , ZANGARI JESSICA , MANNA MARCO 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe W3C Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a powerful knowledge representation formalism at the basis of many semantic-centric applications. Since its unrestricted usage makes reasoning undecidable already in case of very simple tasks, expressive yet decidable fragments have been identified. Among them, we focus on OWL 2 RL, which offers a rich variety of semantic constructors, apart from supporting all RDFS datatypes. Although popular Web resources - such as DBpedia - fall in OWL 2 RL, only a few systems have been designed and implemented for this fragment. None of them, however, fully satisfy all the following desiderata: (i) being freely available and regularly maintained; (ii) supporting query answering and SPARQL queries; (iii) properly applying the sameAs property without adopting the unique name assumption; (iv) dealing with concrete datatypes. To fill the gap, we present DaRLing, a freely available Datalog rewriter for OWL 2 RL ontological reasoning under SPARQL queries. In particular, we describe its architecture, the rewriting strategies it implements, and the result of an experimental evaluation that demonstrates its practical applicability.
A logic-based decision support system for the diagnosis of headache disorders according to the ICHD-3 international classification
Authors: COSTABILE ROBERTA , CATALANO GELSOMINA , CUTERI BERNARDO , MORELLI MARIA CONCETTA , LEONE NICOLA , MANNA MARCO 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDecision support systems play an important role in medical fields as they can augment clinicians to deal more efficiently and effectively with complex decision-making processes. In the diagnosis of headache disorders, however, existing approaches and tools are still not optimal. On the one hand, to support the diagnosis of this complex and vast spectrum of disorders, the International Headache Society released in 1988 the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), now in its 3rd edition: a 200 pages document classifying more than 300 different kinds of headaches, where each is identified via a collection of specific nontrivial diagnostic criteria. On the other hand, the high number of headache disorders and their complex criteria make the medical history process inaccurate and not exhaustive both for clinicians and existing automatic tools. To fill this gap, we present head-asp, a novel decision support system for the diagnosis of headache disorders. Through a REST Web Service, head-asp implements a dynamic questionnaire that complies with ICHD-3 by exploiting two logical modules to reach a complete diagnosis while trying to minimize the total number of questions being posed to patients. Finally, head-asp is freely available on-line and it is receiving very positive feedback from the group of neurologists that is testing it.
Explanation Generation for Multi-Modal Multi-Agent Path Finding with Optimal Resource Utilization using Answer Set Programming
Authors: BOGATARKAN AYSU , ERDEM ESRA 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe multi-agent path finding (MAPF) problem is a combinatorial search problem that aims at finding paths for multiple agents (e.g., robots) in an environment (e.g., an autonomous warehouse) such that no two agents collide with each other, and subject to some constraints on the lengths of paths. We consider a general version of MAPF, called mMAPF, that involves multi-modal transportation modes (e.g., due to velocity constraints) and consumption of different types of resources (e.g., batteries). The real-world applications of mMAPF require flexibility (e.g., solving variations of mMAPF) as well as explainability. Our earlier studies on mMAPF have focused on the former challenge of flexibility. In this study, we focus on the latter challenge of explainability, and introduce a method for generating explanations for queries regarding the feasibility and optimality of solutions, the nonexistence of solutions, and the observations about solutions. Our method is based on answer set programming.
The New Normal: We Cannot Eliminate Cuts in Coinductive Calculi, But We Can Explore Them
Authors: Komendantskaya Ekaterina , Rozplokhas Dmitry , Basold Henning 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn sequent calculi, cut elimination is a property that guarantees that any provable formula can be proven analytically. For example, Gentzen’s classical and intuitionistic calculi LK and LJ enjoy cut elimination. The property is less studied in coinductive extensions of sequent calculi. In this paper, we use coinductive Horn clause theories to show that cut is not eliminable in a coinductive extension of LJ, a system we call CLJ. We derive two further practical results from this study. We show that CoLP by Gupta et al. gives rise to cut-free proofs in CLJ with fixpoint terms, and we formulate and implement a novel method of coinductive theory exploration that provides several heuristics for discovery of cut formulae in CLJ.