bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First line in psychiatric emergency: Pre-hospital emergency protocol for mental disorders in Iran
Authors: Shirzad Fatemeh , Hadi Fateme , Mortazavi Seyede Salehe , Biglari Maryam , Sari Hassan Noori , Mohammadi Zeinab , Atoofi Mehrdad Kazemzade , Shariat Seyed Vahid 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction: This article is a report of designing a rapid and effective guide for paramedics who take care of patients in a pre-hospital setting to answer developing demands.Methods: The relevant literature was reviewed, and the topics were extracted. Then, the extracted items were discussed in an expert panel. Finally, items were discussed in a meeting including emergency technicians and emergency technical assistants to identify implementation problems. Results: Important topics for managing psychiatric patients were categorized at three levels: 1) Patient safety and security issues, 2) Patient status assessment and diagnosis, and 3) Patient management (medical, behavioral management, and referral to a treatment center). Discussion: This protocol can be a solution to improve emergency technician training. Such summarized protocols can be used for rapid review immediately before exposing a patient with an acute psychiatric condition. Due to specific cultural and different access to medicines in Iran, some issues are different.
Genomic measures of inbreeding coefficients and genome-wide scan for runs of homozygosity islands in Iranian river buffalo, Bubalus bubalis
Authors: Ghoreishifar Seyed Mohammad , Moradi-Shahrbabak Hossein , Fallahi Mohammad Hossein , Sarghale Ali Jalil , Moradi-Shahrbabak Mohammad , Abdollahi-Arpanahi Rostam , Khansefid Majid 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background: Consecutive homozygous fragments of a genome inherited by offspring from a common ancestor are known as runs of homozygosity (ROH). ROH can be used to calculate genomic inbreeding and to identify genomic regions that are potentially under historical selection pressure. The dataset of our study consisted of 254 Azeri (AZ) and 115 Khuzestani (KHZ) river buffalo genotyped for ~65000 SNPs for the following two purposes: 1) to estimate and compare inbreeding calculated using ROH (FROH), excess of homozygosity (FHOM), correlation between uniting gametes (FUNI), and diagonal elements of the genomic relationship matrix (FGRM); 2) to identify frequently occurring ROH (i.e. ROH islands) for our selection signature and gene enrichment studies. Results: In this study, 9102 ROH were identified, with an average number of 21.2±13.1 and 33.2±15.9 segments per animal in AZ and KHZ breeds, respectively. On average in AZ, 4.35% (108.8±120.3 Mb), and in KHZ, 5.96% (149.1±107.7 Mb) of the genome was autozygous. The estimated inbreeding values based on FHOM, FUNI and FGRM were higher in AZ than they were in KHZ, which was in contrast to the FROH estimates. We identified 11 ROH islands (four in AZ and seven in KHZ). In the KHZ breed, the genes located in ROH islands were enriched for multiple Gene Ontology (GO) terms (P≤0.05). The genes located in ROH islands were associated with diverse biological functions and traits such as body size and muscle development (BMP2), immune response (CYP27B1), milk production and components (MARS, ADRA1A, and KCTD16), coat colour and pigmentation (PMEL and MYO1A), reproductive traits (INHBC, INHBE, STAT6 and PCNA), and bone development (SUOX). Conclusion: The calculated FROH was in line with expected higher inbreeding in KHZ than in AZ because of the smaller effective population size of KHZ. Thus, we find that FROH can be used as a robust estimate of genomic inbreeding. Further, the majority of ROH peaks were overlapped with or in close proximity to the previously reported genomic regions with signatures of selection. This tells us that it is likely that the genes in the ROH islands have been subject to artificial or natural selection.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the GRAS family in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots in response to gibberellin
Authors: Li Wenrui , Liu Chuangfeng , Liu Jingling , Bai Zhenqing , Liang Zongsuo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicinal plants with high medicinal value. Gibberellins are growth-promoting phytohormones that regulate numerous growth and developmental processes. However, their role in regulating secondary metabolism has not been investigated. Results: In this study, we found that GA can promote hairy roots growth and increase the content of tanshinones and phenolic acids. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that secondary metabolism pathway genes were enriched in the GA-responded. After further analysis of the changes of GA signaling pathway genes, it was found that the GRAS transcription factors family had a significant response to GA. We identified 35 SmGRAS genes in S. miltiorrhiza. SmGRAS genes can be divided into ten subfamilies in which members of the same subfamily showed similar conserved motifs and gene structures, suggesting the possible conserved functions.Conclusions: Most SmGRAS genes are significantly responsive to GA, indicating that they may play an important role in the GA signaling pathway and participate in GA regulation of root growth and secondary metabolism in S. miltiorrhiza.
Targeted sequencing of the short arm of chromosome 6V of a wheat relative Haynaldia villosa for marker development and gene mining
Authors: Xiao Jin , Wan Wentao , Li Mengli , Yu Zhongyu , Zhang Xu , Liu Jia , Holušová Kateřina , Vrána Jan , Doležel Jaroslav , Wu Yufeng , Wang Haiyan , Wang Xiue 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Short arm of chromosome 6V (6VS) of Haynaldia villosa has been used in wheat breeding programs to introduce Pm21 resistance gene against powdery mildew and some other genes. Results: In this work, 6VS was isolated from a wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) - 6VS telosome addition line by flow cytometric sorting and sequenced by illumina technology. The assembly length was 230.39 Mb with contig N50 of 9,788 bp. The sequence annotation identified 3,276 high confidence genes supported by RNA sequencing data, representing about 2.3% of the chromosome arm sequence; repetitive elements accounted for 74.91% of the arm sequence. Sequences homologous to 6VS genes were identified on short arms of chromosomes 6A of T. urartu , 6D of Aegilops tauschii , 6A and 6B of T. dicoccoides , 6A, 6B and 6D of T. aestivum and 6H of Hordeum vulgare , revealing synteny relationships among these chromosome arms. Based on differences in intron size between the homologous genes on 6VS and 6AS/6BS/6DS of T. aestivum , 222 primer pairs were designed. Out of them, 120 amplified 6VS-specific products and are suitable as intron-target (IT) markers to trace the 6VS chromatin introduced into wheat. Conclusions: The results obtained and markers developed in this work will facilitate introduction of important genes to common wheat from its wild relative, while reducing the presence of unfavorable genes due to linkage drag.
Yeasts from rumen of adult Zebu cows and fermentations of lignocellulosic materials
Authors: Duarte Eduardo Robson , Lima Sabrina Miranda , Nere Jualiane Costa , Maia Higor Alexandre Rodrigues , Freitas Claudio Eduardo Silva , Júlio Aline Daniela Lopes , Abrão Flavia Oliveria , Santos Vera Lúcia dos , Silva Júnio Cota 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCommercial yeast strains are a promising alternative to chemical additives in ruminants; but are not self to the rumen ecosystem. In this study, the aim was to identify and evaluate the growth, mass production, and enzymatic activity of yeast strains naturally isolated from bovine rumen in submerged fermentations containing roughages with high concentration of lignocellulose. An experiment was initially conducted to compare the degradation of Urochloa decumbens (UD) hay or sugarcane bagasse (SB) by eight yeast isolates and a control without microorganisms. Subsequently, further experiments were performed to compare the degradation of the two substrates by two yeast strains (V5 and V62) selected (from the eight used in the initial screen) and a control without microorganisms for four different fermentation periods. Results Among the identified strains, Pichia kudriavzevii was the most common, followed by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Candida tropicalis. The strain (V5 R. mucilaginosa ) showed higher mass production than other strains of this specie in fermentations with UD (P<0.05). The V5 and V10 and V62 ( Pichia kudriavzevii ) promoted a higher rate of dry matter (DM) reduction of UD than other yeast and strain V5 was the most efficient in dry matter reduction of SB (P <0.05). The V5 and V62 were selected for analyzes of enzyme production, that showed V5 reducing ph at 96 h of fermentation and V62 and V5 increasing pectinase activate at 96 hs of fermentation. However, these isolates did not exhibit expressive xylanase activity under the evaluated fermentation conditions. Conclusion The strain V5 promoted the highest dry matter reduction of sugarcane bagasse and U. decumbens, showing significative yeast biomass production. This yeast and the V62 strain increased the pectinase activities at 96 h of fermentation of U. decumbens showing potential of industrial application and for animal diets. Additionally, V5 strain would be selected and represent potential probiotic for cattle raised in tropical pasture
Pseudoscorpion Wolbachia symbionts: Diversity and Evidence for a New Supergroup S
Authors: Lefoulon Emilie , Clark Travis , Borveto Fanni , Perriat-Sanguinet Marco , Moulia Catherine , Slatko Barton , Gavotte Laurent 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Wolbachia are the most widely spread endosymbiotic bacteria, present in a wide variety of insects and two families of nematodes, but so far, relatively little genomic data is available. The Wolbachia symbiont can be a parasite, as described for many arthropods, or an obligate mutualist, as in filarial nematodes. Although, the nature of these symbioses remains largely unknown, diverse Wolbachia genomic data will contribute to understanding their diverse symbiotic mechanisms. Results Our study focuses on Wolbachia infections in pseudoscorpion species collected in Montpellier (France) and indicates two distinct groups of Wolbachia : Geogarypus minor harbors Wolbachia ( w Gmin) and Chthonius ischnocheles harbors Wolbachia ( w Cisc), both related to supergroup H and Atemnus politus harbours Wolbachia ( w Apol), forming a novel divergent clade with Wolbachia from the pseudoscorpion Cordylochernes scorpioides . This later clade forms a new supergroup S, most closely related to Wolbachia supergroups C and F. Our data suggest multiple symbiont acquisition events within the evolutionary history of pseudoscorpions. Using target enrichment by hybridization with Wolbachia -specific biotinylated probes to capture large fragments of Wolbachia DNA, we produced a draft genome of w Apol characterized by a moderate Wolbachia size (1,445,964bp) containing a moderate number of transposable elements and WO bacteriophage insertions (total of 77,522 bp). Conclusions Our analyses indicate that w Apol forms a diverget clade. Annotation highlights complete biochemical pathways which are incomplete in many sequenced Wolbachia genomes, such as vitamin B and the cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase pathway. Further, the biotin operon appears to have been horizontally transferred multiple times along the Wolbachia evolutionary history.
Masticatory function and nutritional status in institutionalized elderly: influence of denture use
Authors: Wanderley Rayssa Lucena , Filho Francisco Naldo Gomes , Bonifácio Maryana Fernanda Rocha , Freire Aldelany Ramalho , Oliveira Luiz Fabrício Santos de , Medeiros Mariana Marinho Davino de , Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues , Cavalcanti Yuri Wanderley 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Institutionalized elderly has been reported to poorer oral health status and this could compromise the general health of those individuals. Objective: To evaluate the influence of tooth loss and the use of removable dentures on chewing function and nutritional status of institutionalized elderly. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with 155 elderly from seven long-stay institutions in João Pessoa - PB, from December 2018 to August 2019. The elderly were classified according to the presence of reminesncent teeth and use of dentures in four levels: toothless, without denture (1); toothless with complete denture (2); partial toothless without denture (3) and partial toothless with partial denture (4). Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) instrument and the Body Mass Index (BMI). Swallowing threshold was used for assessment of masticatory function, using a portion of roasted peanuts (3,7g). Comparisons among groups were performed using Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni adjustment, considering p<0.05. Results: MNA (p = 0.702) and BMI (p = 0.884) were not modified in relation to the presence of teeth and denture use. Toothless individuals without dentures had lower swallowing threshold (p <0.001), whilst partial toothless with dentures had better masticatory function (p>0.05). Conclusion: The presence of reminiscent teeth and the use of dentures do not influence the nutritional status of the elderly, but interfere with the masticatory function. Prosthetic rehabilitation is desirable for complete toothless individuals.
Mapping lymphatic filariasis in Loa loa endemic health districts naïve for ivermectin mass administration and situated in the forested zone of Cameroon.
Authors: Beng Andrew A , Esum Mathias E , Deribe Kebede , Njouendou Abdel J , Ndongmo Patrick WC , Abong Raphael A , Fru Jerome , Fombad Fanny F , Nchanji Gordon T , Amambo Glory , Gandjui Narcisse TV , Biholong Benjamin , Ayissi Georges Nko , Mbia Patrick , Akame Julie , Enyong Peter I , Reid Steven D. , Tougoue Jean J. , Zhang Yaobi , Wanji Samuel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The control of lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti in the Central African Region has been hampered by the presence of Loa loa due to severe adverse events that arise in the treatment with ivermectin. The immunochromatographic test (ICT) cards used for mapping LF demonstrated cross-reactivity with L. loa and posed the problem of delineating the LF map. To verify LF endemicity in forest areas of Cameroon where mass drug administration (MDA) has not been ongoing, we used the recently developed strategy that combined serology, microscopy and molecular techniques. Methods This study was carried out in 124 communities in 31 health districts (HDs) where L. loa is present. At least 125 persons per site were screened. Diurnal blood samples were investigated for circulating filarial antigen (CFA) by FTS and for L. loa microfilariae (mf) using TBF. FTS positive individuals were further subjected to night blood collection for detecting W . bancrofti . qPCR was used to detect DNA of the parasites. Results Overall, 14,446 individuals took part in this study, 233 participants tested positive with FTS in 29 HDs, with positivity rates ranging from 0.0% to 8.2%. No W . bancrofti mf was found in the night blood of any individuals but L. loa mf were found in both day and night blood of participants who were FTS positive. Also, qPCR revealed that no W. bancrofti but L.loa DNA was found with dry bloodspot. Positive FTS results were strongly associated with high L. loa mf load. Similarly, a strong positive association was observed between FTS positivity and L loa prevalence. Conclusions Using a combination of parasitological and molecular tools, we were unable to find evidence of W. bancrofti presence in the 31 HDs, but L. loa instead. Therefore, LF is not endemic and LF MDA is not required in these districts.
Confidence to Enquire HIV and AIDS Status of Sexual Partner Before Having Had Sexual Intercourse
Authors: Aloni Mbwiga Sote , Kapinga Orestes Silverius 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) deteriorates the human defence virus. The method used to detect the initial infection of HIV in the body is through diagnosis. The global data show the number of people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased to about 24.5 million people in 2019. An increase in the use of ART has resulted into decline in deaths associated with AIDS. Number of people living with HIV is reported to grow annually. This study identified the demographic and sexual behaviour factors affecting confidence of enquiring the HIV/AIDS status of sex partner prior to sexual intercourse.MethodA retrospective data collected in Makete and Lushoto Districts in 2017 were analysed. Confidence to enquire HIV/AIDS status before having sexual intercourse was the outcome variable with category ‘YES and ‘NO’. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the magnitude of association between variables. The analysis were performed using STATA (14) statistical software. ResultsOverall percentage on confidence in enquiring the HIV/AIDS status of sex partner prior to sexual intercourse was 83.8%. This was 85.1% and 81.7% in Makete and Lushoto districts. The odds of respondents with confidence in enquiring the HIV/AIDS status of sex partner was 1.58 times more likely among those with age 35 to 44 years compared to those with age 24 and below (cOR=1.58, p=0.002), and it is 2.9 times higher among those with secondary and higher education than respondents who have never gone to school (cOR=2.9, p= 0.003). Respondents with good knowledge of ABCD were 2.91 times higher to be confident in enquiring the HIV/AIDS status of sex partner prior to sexual intercourse than those with poor knowledge of ABCD (OR=2.91, p=0.049). ConclusionFactors observed to influence confidence of enquiring the HIV/AIDS status of a sex partner prior to sexual intercourse includes age, level of education and combined knowledge of ABCD. Awareness of HIV/AIDS status of a sex partner is inevitable especially in situation where the unprotected sexual intercourse is likely. More studies are needed to link confidence of enquiring the HIV/AIDS status and prevention method used when sex partner has declared to be HIV positive
Toxicity of Zirconia oxide Nanoparticles: Liver Biodistribution and Liver Damages
Authors: Sun Ting , Ou Lingling , Zhan Xiaozhen , Zhao Wenxin , Huang Rui , Feng Xiaoli , Liu Jia , Yin Suhan , Liu Xiangning , Lai Renfa , Shao Longquan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2-NPs) have been increasingly used in industrial, biomedical and dental materials. However, the scientific basis for the toxicological effects of ZrO2-NPs is poorly elucidated, and the understanding of the underlying mechanism is still limited. Results: The hepatic biodistribution and toxicological effects of ZrO2-NPs after intravenous administration (20mg/kg bw) in vivo and the toxicological mechanism toward hepatocytes in vitro were investigated. The liver showed continuous ZrO2-NP accumulations liver over a 28-d period. Moreover, ZrO2-NPs induced oxidative stress and increased inflammatory responses and functional injury in the liver. Hepasteatosis and cell death were observed in histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. RNA-seq identified the main pathways involved in the metabolism, cellular process, and human diseases. The RT-qPCR analysis results showed that ZrO2-NP exposure caused the upregulation of P53, Foxo1, Gadd45g, P21, Caspase3, and PPARα and the downregulation of Igfbp2 and Akt in the liver in response to the ZrO2-NP treatment. Meanwhile, the results of the in vitro studies demonstrated that ZrO2-NPs exposure resulted in cytotoxicity in Hepg2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ZrO2-NPs were proven to induce oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis to Hepg2 cells. Western-blot analysis further proved the depression of Igfbp2, activation of Akt-mediated signaling pathway and P53-mediated signaling pathway for Hepg2 cells exposure to ZrO2-NPs. Conclusions: This study proves that ZrO2-NPs have negative impacts on the liver and exhibit potential risks for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is potential concern over ZrO2-NPs' hepatoxicity in biomedical applications and occupational exposure through large-scale production.
A new tetra-plex fluorimetric assay for the quantification of cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid42, total-tau, phospho-tau and α-synuclein in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia.
Authors: Lucena Daniela Diaz , Escaramis Geòrgia , Villar-Piqué Anna , Hermann Peter , Schmitz Matthias , Varges Daniela , Santana Isabel , Rio José Antonio del , Martí Eulàlia , Ferrer Isidre , Baldeiras Inês , Zerr Inga , Llorens Franc 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia is currently supported by biomarkers including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests. Among them, CSF total-tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and β-amyloid42 (Aβ42) are considered core biomarkers of neurodegeneration. In the present work, we hypothesize that simultaneous assessment of these biomarkers together with CSF α-synuclein (α-syn) will significantly improve the differential diagnostic of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. To that aim, we characterized the analytical and clinical performance of a new tetra-plex immunoassay that simultaneously quantifies CSF Aβ42, t-tau, p-tau and α-syn in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia. Methods Biomarkers’ concentrations were measured in neurological controls (n=38), Alzheimer’s disease (n=35), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (n=37), vascular dementia (n=28), dementia with Lewy bodies/Parkinson’s disease dementia (n=27) and frontotemporal dementia (n=34) using the new tetra-plex assay and established single-plex assays. Biomarker’s performance was evaluated and diagnostic accuracy in the discrimination of diagnostic groups was determined using partial least squares discriminant analysis. Results The tetra-plex assay presented accuracies similar to individual single-plex assays with acceptable analytical performance. Significant correlations were observed between tetra-plex and single-plex assays. Using partial least squares discriminant analysis, Alzheimer’s disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease were well-differentiated, reaching high accuracies in the discrimination from the rest of diagnostic groups. Conclusions The new tetra-plex assay coupled with multivariate analytical approaches becomes a valuable asset for the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia and related applications.