bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse events of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in older adults with depression, a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Overvliet Geke M. , Jansen Rebecca A. C. , van Balkom Anton J. L. M. , van Campen Dilene C. , Oudega Mardien L. , van der Werf Ysbrand D. , van Exel Eric , van den Heuvel Odile A. , Dols Annemiek 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn the last decade, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been introduced as a non‐invasive neuromodulation therapy for depression. Little is known, however, about (serious) adverse events (AE) of rTMS in older adults with a depression. In this article, we want to study what is known about (serious) AE of rTMS in older adults (>60 years) with late‐life depression (LLD).MethodsA systematic search has been performed according to the PRISMA guidelines in PubMed, EMBase and PsycInfo. We have screened 622 articles for eligibility. Eleven studies, evaluating 353 patients in total, were included in this review.ResultsAE were reported in 12.4% of the older adults with a LLD treated with rTMS, serious AE in 1.5%. Headache (6.9%) and discomfort at the stimulation site (2.7%) are the most commonly reported AE. Serious AE reported are: psychiatric hospitalization (three times), a combination of posterior vitreous detachment and retinal tear, and increased suicide ideation (both once).ConclusionsrTMS in older adults with LLD was concluded overall to be safe due to the low frequency of AE reported in trials and observational studies. In case‐reports, however, more serious AE have been described. To tailor use of rTMS in older adults with LLD, more research is needed in larger samples to optimize tolerance.
Measuring the Olefin‐to‐Pd(0) Bond Strength: A Kinetic Study Involving Olefin Exchange Reactions on Palladium(0) Complexes Bearing Isocyanide Ligands
Authors: Scattolin Thomas , Canovese Luciano , Santo Claudio , Visentin Fabiano 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, the synthesis and characterization of new palladium(η2‐olefin) complexes bearing isocyanides as spectator ligands are described. These derivatives have been tested on olefin exchange reactions, allowing to define a scale of strength of the palladium(0)‐olefin bond. In this way we have proved that dimethyl fumarate can be released by the metal center much more easily than the other olefins and that (Z)‐1,2‐ditosylethene is by far the most firmly anchored to palladium.When the sterically encumbered tetramethylethene‐1,1,2,2‐tetracarboxylate (tmetc) is involved in the olefin exchange, the reaction kinetics can be monitored by UV‐Vis spectrophotometry, showing that the process follows a second‐order rate law. This response indicates that the reaction mechanism is associative, as is also confirmed by a DFT study.
Statin use and survival following a diagnosis of ovarian cancer: A prospective observational study
Authors: Majidi Azam , Na Renhua , Jordan Susan J. , De Fazio Anna , Webb Penelope M. ,   OPAL Study Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractMost women with ovarian cancer have a poor prognosis, but studies have reported an association between statin use and improved survival. We investigated the potential survival benefit of statins in women with ovarian cancer using data from the Ovarian cancer Prognosis and Lifestyle study, a prospective study of Australian women aged 18 to 79 years, diagnosed with ovarian cancer from 2012 to 2015 and followed for 5 to 8 years. We obtained information from patient‐completed questionnaires and medical records. We defined exposure based on prediagnosis use, as most women used statins continuously (prediagnosis and postdiagnosis) and few started using statins postdiagnosis. We measured survival from date of first treatment (surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy) until date of death or last follow‐up. We used Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for potential confounders. To reduce bias due to confounding by indication, we also applied inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Of 955 eligible women, 21% reported statin use before diagnosis. Statin users had a slightly better survival (HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.70‐1.15) that was driven by lipophilic statin use (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.61‐1.11), with no association for hydrophilic statins (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.72‐1.49). The IPTW model weighted to all women with ovarian cancer also suggested a possible reduction in mortality associated with lipophilic statins (HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.54‐1.21). In analyses restricted to women with hyperlipidaemia, the HRs were further from the null. Our findings are consistent with previous evidence, suggesting that lipophilic statins might improve ovarian cancer survival. Further investigation, in larger cohorts, or preferably in a randomised trial, is required.
Legal origin and financial development: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: De Vita Glauco , Li Chengchun , Luo Yun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe revisit the impact of legal origin on financial development using propensity score matching and a new financial development index on a sample of 178 countries over 1980–2016. German civil law countries are found to have the strongest positive impact on financial development. English common law countries follow. French and Scandinavian civil law countries have a negative impact on financial development while Socialist legal origin records no significant effect. When decomposing the measure of financial development into financial markets and financial institutions' development, we find that German civil law promotes both while English common law promotes only financial institutions development.
Investigation of inclusion complex of metformin into selective cyclic peptides as novel drug delivery system: Structure, electronic properties, AIM, and NBO study via DFT
Authors: Fakhari Shabnam , Nouri Azita , Jamzad Mina , Arab‐Salmanabadi Samira , Falaki Foujan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, the density functional theory computational method is used to investigate the encapsulation process of metformin into three types of the cyclic peptides composed of eight serine (CP1), eight glycine (CP2), and four serine‐glycine (CP3) cyclic peptides as a new model in the process of drug delivery in the gas phase. The obtained results using the B3LYP/6‐31++G (d,p) method indicate that the complexes formed are energetically favored. Furthermore, results reveal that the drug encapsulation process is typically chemisorption. The natural bonding orbital analysis shows that the intermolecular interaction of the C2 complex (metformin/CP2) is stronger than the C1 (Metformin/CP1) and C3 (Metformin/CP3) complexes due to greater total charge transfer energy, and the C1 complex is found to be the most favored complex. The theory of atoms in molecule (AIM) method is used to analyze the nature of interactions in different molecular systems. The results show the investigated cyclic peptides as effective carriers of metformin in the nanomedicine field.
Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c predicts coronary artery disease in non‐diabetic patients
Authors: Kayali Yildiz , Ozder Aclan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn primary care, there is a need for simple and cost‐effective tool that will allow the determination of the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to research the value of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the prediction of coronary artery disease.MethodsPatients admitted to the outpatient clinic of the Cardiology for angiography were retrospectively screened. Patients with diabetes or with HbA1c of 6.5 or above were excluded. Comparative HbA1c data were obtained according to the stenosis groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors affecting stenosis positivity.ResultsOf the study group, 120 patients were without any stenosis in any coronary artery, 56 patients were with >50% stenosis in one coronary artery, and 71 patients were with >50% stenosis in more than one coronary artery. There was a statistically significant difference between HbA1c measurements according to the degree of stenosis (P = .001 and P < .01, respectively). The odd ratio for HbA1c was 6.260 (95% CI: 3,160‐12,401). According to the stenosis positivity, the cutoff point for HbA1c was found to be 5.6 and above. In the regression analysis, HbA1c was an independent risk factor for CAD. One unit increase in HbA1c level increases the risk of stenosis up to 12.4‐fold (95% CI: 5,990‐25,767).ConclusionThe study showed HbA1c can be used as an independent marker in determining the probability and severity of coronary artery disease in non‐diabetic individuals and as a useful marker in primary care predicting CAD.
Exploring the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness in youth aged 7–17 years
Authors: Jones Alexander , Silas Jonathan , Todd Jennifer , Stewart Anita , Acree Michael , Coulson Mark , Mehling Wolf E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to adapt the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) questionnaire for younger respondents.MethodThe language of the MAIA was revised and children aged 7–10 years (n = 212) and adolescents aged 11–17 years (n = 217) completed the questionnaire.ResultsThe original eight‐factor model was tested for fit using confirmatory factor analysis. The model had an acceptable fit in the total sample and younger subsample and overall fit in the older subsample was adequate following modification. Internal consistency was good, except for the Noticing, Not‐Distracting and Not‐Worrying scales. Results also demonstrated a negative linear relationship between the trusting scale and age, suggesting that youths may lose trust in their body as they age.ConclusionThe adapted MAIA can be used with a younger population and, depending on the research question, individual MAIA scales may be selected. The survey is available at https://osher.ucsf.edu/maia.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of some 1,3‐benzoxazol‐2(3H)‐one hybrid molecules as potential antioxidant and urease inhibitors
Authors: Yilmaz Fatih , Menteşe Emre , Sökmen Bahar Bilgin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA new series of 1,3‐benzoxazol‐2(3H)‐one hybrid compounds, including coumarin, isatin 1,3,4‐triazole and 1,3,4‐thiadiazole moieties, were synthesized and biologically evaluated for their antioxidant capacities and anti‐urease properties. The synthesized benzoxazole‐coumarin (6a–e) and benzoxazole‐isatin (10a–c) hybrids showed remarkable urease inhibitory activities with IC50 (μM), ranging from 0.0306 ± 0.0030 to 0.0402 ± 0.0030, while IC50 of standard thiourea is 0.5027 ± 0.0293. The synthesized benzoxazole‐triazole (8a–c) and benzoxazole‐thiadiazole (9a–c) hybrids showed similar urease inhibitory activities with IC50 (μM), ranging from 0.3861 ± 0.0379 to 0.5126 ± 0.0345. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated for their antioxidant activities, such as reducing power and ABTS (2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) diammonium salt) radical scavenging. The results of ABTS radical scavenging activities of some of the synthesized molecules showed higher activities than standard Trolox, SC50 (μM) = 213.04 ± 18.12. One benzoxazole‐coumarin (6f), two benzoxazole‐isothiocyanate (7b, 7c), and two benzoxazole‐triazole (8b, 8c) derivatives showed higher activities (SC50 (μM) values, 82.07 ± 10.34, 120.19 ± 7.30, 104.58 ± 10.55, 153.26 ± 7.14, and 144.82 ± 10.68, respectively) than standard Trolox, (SC50 (μM) = 213.04 ± 18.12).
Time‐varying age‐ and CD4‐stratified rates of mortality and WHO stage 3 and stage 4 events in children, adolescents and youth 0 to 24 years living with perinatally acquired HIV, before and after antiretroviral therapy initiation in the paediatric IeDEA Global Cohort Consortium
Authors: Desmonde Sophie , Neilan Anne M , Musick Beverly , Patten Gabriela , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Edmonds Andrew , Duda Stephany N , Malateste Karen , Wools‐Kaloustian Kara , Ciaranello Andrea L , Davies Mary‐Ann , Leroy Valériane ,   IeDEA
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionEvaluating outcomes of paediatric patients with HIV provides crucial data for clinicians and policymakers. We analysed mortality and clinical events rates among children, adolescents, and youth with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) aged 0 to 24 years stratified by time‐varying age and CD4, before and after antiretroviral therapy (ART), in the paediatric IeDEA multiregional collaboration (East, West, Central and Southern Africa, Asia‐Pacific, and Central/South America and the Caribbean).MethodsART‐naïve children with HIV enrolled before age 10 (proxy for perinatal infection) at IeDEA sites between 2004 and 2016, with ≥1 CD4 measurement during follow‐up were included. We estimated incidence rates (IR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of mortality and first occurrence of WHO‐4 and WHO‐3 events, excluding tuberculosis, during person‐years (PY) spent within different age (<2, 2 to 4, 5 to 9, 10 to 14, 15 to 19, 20 to 24) and CD4 (percent when <5 years [<15%, 15% to 24%, ≥25%]; count when ≥5 years [<200, 200 to 499, ≥500 cells/µL]) strata. We used linear mixed models to predict CD4 evolution, with trends modelled by region.ResultsIn the pre‐ART period, 49 137 participants contributed 51 966 PY of follow‐up (median enrolment age: 3.9 years). The overall pre‐ART IRs were 2.8/100 PY (95% CI: 2.7 to 2.9) for mortality, 3.3/100 PY (95% CI: 3.0 to 3.5) for first occurrence of a WHO‐4 event, and 7.0/100 PY (95% CI: 6.7 to 7.4) for first occurrence of a WHO‐3 event. Lower CD4 and younger age strata were associated with increased rates of both mortality and first occurrence of a clinical event. In the post‐ART period, 52 147 PHIVY contributed 207 945 PY (ART initiation median age: 4.5 years). Overall mortality IR was 1.4/100 PY (95% CI: 1.4 to 1.5) and higher in low CD4 strata; patients at each end of the age spectrum (<2 and >19) had increased mortality post‐ART. IRs for first occurrence of WHO‐4 and WHO‐3 events were 1.3/100 PY (95% CI: 1.2 to 1.4) and 2.1/100 PY (95% CI: 2.0 to 2.2) respectively. These were also associated with lower CD4 and younger age strata.ConclusionsMortality and incidence of clinical events were highest in both younger (<2 years) and older (>19 years) youth with PHIV. Scaling‐up services for <2 years (early access to HIV diagnosis and care) and >19 years (adolescent‐ and youth‐focused health services) is critical to improve outcomes among PHIVY.
An open‐label, randomized crossover study to evaluate the acceptability and preference for contraceptive options in female adolescents, 15 to 19 years of age in Cape Town, as a proxy for HIV prevention methods (UChoose)
Authors: Gill Katherine , Happel Anna‐Ursula , Pidwell Tanya , Mendelsohn Andrea , Duyver Menna , Johnson Leigh , Meyer Landon , Slack Catherine , Strode Ann , Mendel Eve , Fynn Lauren , Wallace Melissa , Spiegel Hans , Jaspan Heather , Passmore Jo‐Ann , Hosek Sybil , Smit Dionne , Rinehart Alex , Bekker Linda‐Gail 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionYoung women in Southern Africa have extremely high HIV incidence rates necessitating the availability of female‐controlled prevention methods. Understanding adolescent preference for seeking contraception would improve our understanding of acceptability, feasibility and adherence to similar modes of delivery for HIV prevention.MethodsUChoose was an open‐label randomized crossover study over 32 weeks which aimed to evaluate the acceptability and preference for contraceptive options in healthy, HIV‐uninfected, female adolescents aged 15 to 19 years, as a proxy for similar HIV prevention methods. Participants were assigned to a contraceptive method for a period of 16 weeks in the form of a bi‐monthly injectable contraceptive, monthly vaginal Nuvaring® or daily combined oral contraceptive (COC) and then asked to state their preference. At 16 weeks, participants crossed over to another contraceptive method, to ensure that all participants tried the Nuvaring® (least familiar modality) and additionally, either the injection or COC. Primary outcomes were contraceptive acceptability and preference. At the end of the 32 weeks they were also asked to imagine their preference for an HIV prevention modality. Secondary endpoints included changes in sexual behaviour, contraceptive adherence and preference for biomedical and behavioural HIV prevention methods.ResultsOf the 180 participants screened, 130 were enrolled and randomized to the Nuvaring® (n = 45), injection (n = 45) or COC (n = 40). Significantly more Nuvaring® users (24/116; 20.7%) requested to change to another contraceptive option compared to injection (1/73; 1.4% p = 0.0002) and COC users (4/49; 8% p = 0.074). Of those that remained on the Nuvaring®, adherence was significantly higher than to COC (p < 0.0001). Significantly more injection users (77/80; 96.3%) thought this delivery mode was convenient to use compared to Nuvaring® (74/89; 83.1%; p = 0.0409) or COC (38/50; 76.0%; p = 0.0034). Overall, the preferred contraceptive choice was injection, followed by the ring and lastly the pill.ConclusionsAdherence to daily COC was difficult for adolescents in this cohort and the least favoured potential HIV prevention option. While some preferred vaginal ring use, these data suggest that long‐acting injectables would be the preferred prevention method for adolescent girls and young women. This study highlights the need for additional options for HIV prevention in youth.
COVID‐19, HIV and key populations: cross‐cutting issues and the need for population‐specific responses
Authors: Iversen Jenny , Sabin Keith , Chang Judy , Morgan Thomas Ruth , Prestage Garrett , Strathdee Steffanie A , Maher Lisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionKey populations at elevated risk to contract or transmit HIV may also be at higher risk of COVID‐19 complications and adverse outcomes associated with public health prevention measures. However, the conditions faced by specific populations vary according to social, structural and environmental factors, including stigma and discrimination, criminalization, social and economic safety nets and the local epidemiology of HIV and COVID‐19, which determine risk of exposure and vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, as well as the ability to comply with measures such as physical distancing. This commentary identifies common vulnerabilities and cross‐cutting themes in terms of the impacts of COVID‐19 on key populations before addressing issues and concerns specific to particular populations.DiscussionCross‐cutting themes include direct impacts such as disrupted access to essential medicines, commodities and services such as anti‐retroviral treatment, HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis, opioid agonist treatment, viral load monitoring, HIV and sexually transmitted infections testing, condoms and syringes. Indirect impacts include significant collateral damage arising from prevention measures which restrict human rights, increase or impose criminal penalties, and expand police powers to target vulnerable and criminalized populations. Significant heterogeneity in the COVID‐19 pandemic, the underlying HIV epidemic and the ability of key populations to protect themselves means that people who inject drugs and sex workers face particular challenges, including indirect impacts as a result of police targeting, loss of income and sometimes both. Geographical variations mean that transgender people and men who have sex with men in regions like Africa and the middle east remain criminalized, as well as stigmatized and discriminated against, increasing their vulnerability to adverse outcomes in relation to COVID‐19.ConclusionsDisruptions to both licit and illicit supply chains, loss of income and livelihoods and changes in behaviour as a result of lockdowns and physical distancing have the potential to exacerbate the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on key populations. While these impacts will vary significantly, human‐rights approaches to COVID‐19 emergency laws and public health prevention measures that are population‐specific and sensitive, will be key to reducing adverse health outcomes and ensuring that no one is left behind.
The gas bladder of Pantodon buchholzi: Structure and relationships with the vertebrae
Authors: Icardo José M. , Capillo Gioele , Lauriano Eugenia R. , Kuciel Michal , Aragona Marialuisa , Guerrera Maria Cristina , Zaccone Giacomo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report here on the histological and structural characteristics of the gas bladder, the vertebral morphology, and the bladder–vertebra relationships of the butterfly fish, Pantodon buchholzi. The bladder opens at the boundary between the pharynx and the esophagus by a middle slit. A pneumatic duct is absent. The bladder shows a dorsolateral wall that adapts to the anfractuosities of the coelomic cavity and a ventral wall in contact with the abdominal organs. The vertebral bodies are formed by an hourglass shaped autocentrum, and by an arcocentrum reduced to several longitudinal ridges. The transverse processes adopt the structure of a cage whose walls are formed by bone trabeculae of variable size and distribution pattern. The dorsolateral wall of the bladder is a membrane that covers the kidney, adapts to the irregular shape of the vertebrae, and invades the transverse processes at several points before extending laterally. However, invasion of the vertebral bodies, the presence of a labyrinth, or the formation of respiratory parenchyma were not observed. The luminal surface of this wall is a thin respiratory barrier containing a single epithelial cell type. In addition, the wall contains numerous eosinophils that may be implicated in immune defense. The bladder ventral wall is a membrane rich in collagen, vessels, smooth muscle, and nerves that lacks a respiratory barrier. Its luminal surface contains ciliated and nonciliated cells. The two cell types appear implicated in surfactant production.
Fabrication of oil‐in‐water emulsions as shelf‐stable liquid non‐dairy creamers: effects of homogenization pressure, oil type, and emulsifier concentration
Authors: Soo Yuen Num , Tan Chin Ping , Tan Phui Yee , Khalid Nauman , Tan Tai Boon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe popularity of coffee, the second most consumed beverage in the world, contributes to the high demand for liquid non‐dairy creamer (LNDC). In this study, palm olein emulsions (as LNDCs) were investigated as alternatives to the more common soybean oil‐based LNDCs. LNDCs were prepared via different homogenization pressures (100–300 bar) using different types of oil (palm olein and soybean oil) and concentrations of DATEM emulsifier (5–20 g kg−1).RESULTSIncreases in homogenization pressure and emulsifier concentration were observed to have significant (P < 0.05) effects on the physicochemical properties (particle size, pH, and viscosity) of the LNDCs. Palm olein and soybean oil LNDCs prepared using 15 g kg−1 and 10 g kg−1 DATEM emulsifier, respectively, were determined to be the most stable (as observed throughout a 15‐day storage period at ambient temperature of 28 ± 2 °C), with properties closest to those of a commercial LNDC. When added to black coffee, both LNDCs displayed a good whitening effect by increasing the L* value from 26.73 ± 0.16 (black coffee) to ≥40.82 ± 0.56 (black coffee + LNDCs). Sensory evaluation showed that there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences between the prepared and commercial LNDCs in terms of their color, appearance, and overall acceptability.CONCLUSIONShelf‐stable LNDCs with qualities comparable to commercial LNDC were successfully fabricated. Valuable insights into the effects of homogenization pressure, oil type, and emulsifier concentration, as well as functionality and consumer acceptance of the LNDCs when added into black coffee, were obtained. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry