bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of carbon black silanization on isothermal curing kinetics of epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Soltani Seyed , Razinobakht Seyed A. , Asmatulu Ramazan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study was carried out to determine the effect of carbon black (CB) nanofiller silanization and loading on isothermal curing kinetics of epoxy nanocomposites. The epoxy resin specimens incorporated with 2, 4, and 8 wt% pristine CB and silanized CB were cured at isothermal temperatures of 43, 60, and 104°C. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to characterize the curing kinetics, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to confirm silanization of CB nanofillers, and scanning electron microscopy was utilized to study the morphology of nanocomposite specimens. It was also observed that the silanization did not change the curing kinetics of CB nanocomposites significantly as compared to the neat epoxy resin. However, the curing reactions of the pristine CB nanocomposites were slower than the neat epoxy resin marked by an average 10 and 4% decrease in the final degree of cure for the nanocomposite specimens cured at 43 and 60°C, respectively. The morphological studies revealed that the silanized CB particles exhibited a more stable and homogeneous dispersion in the epoxy resin than the pristine CB particles. Potential applications for the fabricated nanocomposites include sensors, actuators, and conductive coatings for electrostatic dissipation control in plastic parts.
Kiribati economic survey: Oceans of opportunity
Authors: Webb James 
Published: February 2020

AbstractKiribati is one of the poorest and most remote Pacific nations but has the largest productive tuna fishery. The Vessel Day Scheme implemented in 2012 led to unprecedented growth in fishing revenue between 2012 and 2015, with similarly unprecedented expansion of government expenditure from 2016 to 2019. For the first time in its history, the Kiribati Government, rather than any foreign development partner, is the single largest financier of public investment. Whereas the general economy and government finances have benefited greatly from the fisheries boom, questions have been raised around recent government spending and how long there will be the fiscal space to support such discretionary decisions in the context of rapidly increasing operating costs. Fishing revenue alone will not be enough to fundamentally shift the development trajectory of the Kiribati people. A new period of reform is needed.
Sustainable reverse supply chains and circular economy in multichannel retail returns
Authors: Frei Regina , Jack Lisa , Krzyzaniak Sally‐Ann 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe percentage of products being returned in multichannel retail are high and further increasing, yet many retailers and manufacturers are unaware of the importance and scale of this issue. They consider dealing with returns as a cost of doing business and are oblivious of the potential for conflicts between their corporate social responsibility commitments and their returns practices. This article investigates how far sustainable practices and circular economy concepts have been implemented in retail returns systems; it identifies vulnerabilities, barriers, and challenges to the implementation of sustainable, circular practices and suggests ways to overcome them, as sustainability, loss prevention, and profit optimisation can go hand in hand with the right approach to the organisation of the reverse supply chain. Implications of this research on strategic management are outlined. The research was conducted using in‐depth interviews and observations with four major retailers in the United Kingdom, 17 structured interviews, 100 retailer website reviews, and three retail community workshops, all with British and other European retailers.
Borderline personality disorder level predicts change in depressiveness after short‐term group psychotherapy: A study in a daily psychiatric clinic
Authors: Zajenkowska Anna , Barycka Justyna , Chotkowska Katarzyna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe project examined the comorbidity between depression symptoms and the level of borderline personality organisation among patients admitted for group psychotherapy (Study 1). It also aimed to analyse how the level of borderline personality organisation relates to the reduction in depression symptoms after short‐term psychotherapy (Study 2). The study was conducted in a day clinic where patients were receiving psychotherapy for emotional problems affecting their functioning (N = 57). The study used the Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire. The analysis showed that BPI was positively related to depression symptoms. The higher borderline personality organisation patients presented when entering group psychotherapy, the greater was the decrease in depression symptoms after 3 months of psychotherapy. We discuss the results in relation to the notion that the presence of depression could be a positive prognostic indicator for patients with borderline personality.
Synthesis of Ru‐Doped VN by a Soft‐Urea Pathway as an Efficient Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Wenquan , Shao Yalong , Wang Zhikai , Yang Zijing , Zhen Zhen , Zhang Zhonghua , Mao Changming , Guo Xiaosong , Li Guicun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnraveling the effect of metal doping on the intrinsic activity of metal nitride remains a grand challenge. Herein, Ru (Rh)‐doped vanadium nitride are successfully synthesized via a simple soft‐urea pathway. In comparison, the Ru‐doped VN electrocatalyst exhibits much better HER performance than Rh‐doped VN electrocatalysts. The optimal Ru‐VN catalyst delivers a low overpotential of 134 (144) mV at current density of 10 mA cm−2, and a low Tafel slope of 35 (73) mV dec−1 in acidic (alkaline) condition. Such excellent performance can be attributed to the unique synergetic effect between Ru and VN. Moreover, moderate Ru dopant can effectively promote the HER kinetics of VN, resulting in mechanism transformation of hydrogen evolution from Volmer‐Heyrovsky to Volmer‐Tafel route, especially in acidic condition. This simple and facile strategy can be utilized to fabricate a series of Ru‐doped nitrides, which can be applied in energy conversion fields.
Centrifugal Pumps as Extractors
Authors: Schmitt Philipp , Hlawitschka Mark W. , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe generation of dispersions with defined droplet size distributions is important for liquid‐liquid extraction. In this respect, the capability of a centrifugal pump to generate dispersions was investigated for different operating points. For the analysis of the mixing process, a centrifugal pump was designed translucent. High‐speed images reveal the mechanism of particle breakup. Optical measurement technology and image processing with neural networks were used to determine droplet size distributions. The influence of flow rate, rotational frequency and holdup are discussed for a paraffin oil‐water system.
Rh‐Catalyzed Reaction of Propargylic Alcohols with Aryl Boronic Acids–Switch from β‐OH Elimination to Protodemetalation
Authors: Wang Weiyi , Qian Hui , Ma Shengming 
Published: February 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionIt is known that Rh‐catalyzed reaction of propargylic alcohols with aryl metallic reagents undergoes SN2’‐type reaction affording allenes via a sequential arylmetalation and β‐OH elimination process. Here we report a Rh/Ag‐cocatalyzed reaction of propargylic alcohols with organoboronic acids affording stereo‐defined (E)‐3‐arylallylic alcohols via arylmetalation and protodemetalation with a high regio‐ and stereoselectivity under very mild conditions. The reaction exhibits a good substrate scope and the compatibility with synthetically useful functional groups with no racemization for optically active propargylic alcohols. Such a reaction may also be extended to homopropargylic alcohols with a remarkable regioselectivity and exclusive E‐stereoselectivity.
State of palliative care services at US cancer centers: An updated national survey
Authors: Hui David , De La Rosa Allison , Chen Joseph , Dibaj Seyedeh , Delgado Guay Marvin , Heung Yvonne , Liu Diane , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThis study examined the changes in outpatient palliative care services at US cancer centers over the past decade.MethodsBetween April and August 2018, all National Cancer Institute (NCI)–designated cancer centers and a random sample of 1252 non–NCI‐designated cancer centers were surveyed. Two surveys used previously in a 2009 national study were sent to each institution: a 22‐question cancer center executive survey regarding palliative care infrastructure and attitudes toward palliative care and an 82‐question palliative care program leader survey regarding detailed palliative care structures and processes. Survey findings from 2018 were compared with 2009 data from 101 cancer center executives and 96 palliative care program leaders.ResultsThe overall response rate was 69% (140 of 203) for the cancer center executive survey and 75% (123 of 164) for the palliative care program leader survey. Among NCI‐designated cancer centers, a significant increase in outpatient palliative care clinics was observed between 2009 and 2018 (59% vs 95%; odds ratio, 12.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.2‐48.2; P < .001) with no significant changes in inpatient consultation teams (92% vs 90%; P = .71), palliative care units (PCUs; 26% vs 40%; P = .17), or institution‐operated hospices (31% vs 18%; P = .14). Among non–NCI‐designated cancer centers, there was no significant increase in outpatient palliative care clinics (22% vs 40%; P = .07), inpatient consultation teams (56% vs 68%; P = .27), PCUs (20% vs 18%; P = .76), or institution‐operated hospices (42% vs 23%; P = .05). The median interval from outpatient palliative care referral to death increased significantly, particularly for NCI‐designated cancer centers (90 vs 180 days; P = 0.01).ConclusionsDespite significant growth in outpatient palliative care clinics, there remain opportunities for improvement in the structures and processes of palliative care programs.
Lignin deposits in pedicel xylem vessels regulate water transport during seed maturation in soybean
Authors: Itoyama Haruka , Nakagawa Andressa C.S. , Ariyoshi Yuri , Ario Nobuyuki , Yuasa Takashi , Iwaya‐Inoue Mari , Ishibashi Yushi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeed desiccation during maturation is important for seed post‐maturation behavior and harvest. However, the desiccation mechanism in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed maturation is hardly known. In this study, we found that water content in seeds, pods, and pedicels decreased faster than that in peduncles and stems. Therefore, we focused on the role of the pedicel during seed maturation. Morphological analysis revealed deposits in xylem vessels in the pedicel at 61 d after flowering (DAF), but no deposits in the peduncle. Microarray analysis showed that lignin biosynthesis‐related genes were expressed in the pedicel at 61 DAF. Among them, the expression of GmPAL, Gm4CL, GmC3H, and GmCAD increased in the pedicel during seed maturation. Pedicel lignin content also increased by 61 DAF; lignin accumulated in xylem vessels. These results suggest that lignin deposits in pedicel xylem vessels cause soybean seed desiccation during maturation.
Labels to prevent the detrimental effects of media on body image: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Danthinne Elisa S. , Giorgianni Francesca E. , Rodgers Rachel F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveMost advertisements contain thin‐ideal imagery enhanced by digital modification. The deleterious effects on body image and eating disorder risk of exposure to such images have been well documented. One of the proposed macro‐level solutions to mitigate these effects has been the use of labels on images, primarily disclaimer labels. A growing number of studies have explored the usefulness of such labels in protecting body image against the detrimental effects of media exposure; however, findings have been divergent.MethodsThe current study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the existing literature investigating the effects of including labels on media images on body image.ResultsThe systematic review identified n = 22 studies that were included in a narrative review, n = 18 were included in the meta‐analysis. Overall, findings provided little support for the use of disclaimer or warning labels as a means of protecting against the detrimental effects of media exposure on body image. Furthermore, findings suggested that such labels might increase state appearance comparison when exposed to media images.DiscussionThese findings are especially concerning in light of recent legislative efforts to mitigate media effects through the use of labels on imagery, as well as industry initiatives based on image labeling. Additional research examining alternative strategies for universal prevention of body image and eating concerns is warranted.
Assessment of fracture risk in women with eating disorders: The utility of dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA)—Clinical cohort study
Authors: Frølich Jacob , Winkler Laura Al‐Dakhiel , Abrahamsen Bo , Bilenberg Niels , Hermann Anne P. , Støving René K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) are associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. The association between BMD and fracture risk in EDs is not well elucidated. We aimed to assess BMD in an ED cohort of patients with active disease and patients in remission, and to assess the predictive value of BMD on incidence of fractures.MethodWe included 344 female patients (median age 19, IQR 16; 24) referred to ED treatment. Later, patients were invited to follow‐up including assessment of remission status and a dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA)‐scan. Information on fractures was obtained through the Danish National Registry of Patients.ResultsPatients with current anorexia nervosa (AN) had significantly lower BMD compared to controls at lumbar spine (16% lower, p < .0001), femoral neck (18% lower, p < .0001), and total hip (23% lower, p < .0001). Recovered AN patients had higher BMD compared to those with current disease (p < .0001 for all measures), but lower BMD compared to controls at lumbar spine (p < .01) and hip (p < .001). BMD did not differ between BN patients and controls. In patients with active eating disorders not otherwise specified, BMD was lower only at the total hip (p < .005). We found no association between BMD and fracture risk.ConclusionWe confirm that AN is associated with low BMD, whereas BN is not. Remission is associated with higher BMD compared to patients with active AN, but a deficit remains. We found no significant association between BMD and fracture risk, challenging the benefit of the widespread use of DXA scans in young women with ED.Clinical trial registrationThe study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00267228.
Elevated precipitation alters the community structure of spring ephemerals by changing dominant species density in Central Asia
Authors: Jia Yangyang , Sun Yu , Zhang Tao , Shi Zhaoyong , Maimaitiaili Baidengsha , Tian Changyan , Feng Gu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlobal climate change is one of the most pressing conservation challenges; in particular, changes in precipitation regimes have already substantially influenced terrestrial ecosystems. However, the mechanisms influencing precipitation changes on individual plants and the plant communities in desert grasslands have yet to be fully elucidated. We therefore examine the influence of increased precipitation on plant community compositions in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Xinjiang, northwestern China, from 2005 to 2009. We found that growth of all plant species and the community productivities increased markedly with enhanced water input. Cover of ephemeral synusia also significantly increased due to increased precipitation, implying that the role of the ephemeral community for stabilization of sand dunes was strengthened by increased precipitation. The response of plant community compositions to increased precipitation was primarily reflected as changes in plant density, while increased precipitation did not affect plant species richness and the diversity index. Dominant species drove the response of plant density to increasing precipitation during the five‐year study period. However, the relative responses of rare species were stronger than those of the dominant species, thereby potentially driving species turnover with long‐term increased precipitation. This finding improved our understanding of how increased precipitation drives the changes in plant community composition in desert grasslands and will help to better predict changes in the community composition of ephemerals under future global climate change scenarios.
Neuroendocrine effects of naltrexone versus nalmefene in humans
Authors: Butelman Eduardo R. , Fry Rebecca S. , Kimani Rachel , Reed Brian , Kreek Mary Jeanne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveNaltrexone and nalmefene are approved for the treatment of alcohol use disorders, in different countries. Naltrexone is also approved for the treatment for opioid use disorders, most recently in a depot formulation. These compounds target primarily μ(mu)‐ and κ(kappa)‐opioid receptor systems, which are involved in the downstream neurobiological effects of alcohol and in the modulation of neuroendocrine stress systems. The study objective was to compare the neuroendocrine effects of naltrexone and nalmefene on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and prolactin, in normal volunteers.MethodAdult normal volunteers (n = 11 male and n = 9 female) were studied in a stress‐minimized inpatient setting on three consecutive days, after intravenous saline, naltrexone HCl (10 mg), or nalmefene HCl (10 mg), in fixed order. ACTH, cortisol, and prolactin were analyzed pre‐injection and up to 180 min post‐injection.ResultsNaltrexone and nalmefene caused elevations in ACTH and cortisol compared with saline. Nalmefene had a greater effect on ACTH and cortisol, compared with naltrexone. Both compounds also caused elevations in prolactin in males (females were not examined, due to the influence of menstrual cycle on prolactin).ConclusionsThis study suggests that both nalmefene and naltrexone have effects potentially due to κ‐partial agonism in humans, as well as antagonist effects at μ‐receptors.
Variable effects of forest canopies on snow processes in a valley of the central Spanish Pyrenees
Authors: Sanmiguel‐Vallelado Alba , López‐Moreno Juan I. , Morán‐Tejeda Enrique , Alonso‐González Esteban , Navarro‐Serrano Francisco M. , Rico Ibai , Camarero J. Julio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSnowpacks and forests have complex interactions throughout the large range of altitudes where they co‐occur. However, there are no reliable data on the spatial and temporal interactions of forests with snowpacks, such as those that occur in nearby areas that have different environmental conditions and those that occur during different snow seasons. This study monitored the interactions of forests with snowpacks in four forest stands in a single valley of the central Spanish Pyrenees during three consecutive snow seasons (2015/2016, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018). Daily snow depth data from time‐lapse cameras were compared with snow data from field surveys that were performed every 10–15 days. These data thus provided information on the spatial and temporal changes of snow–water equivalent (SWE). The results indicated that forest had the same general effects on snowpack in each forest stand and during each snow season. On average, forest cover reduced the duration of snowpack by 17 days, reduced the cumulative SWE of the snowpack by about 60% and increased the spatial heterogeneity of snowpack by 190%. Overall, forest cover reduced SWE total accumulation by 40% and the rate of SWE accumulation by 25%. The forest‐mediated reduction of the accumulation rate, in combination with the occasional forest‐mediated enhancement of melting rate, explained the reduced duration of snowpacks beneath forest canopies. However, the magnitude and timing of certain forest effects on snowpack had significant spatial and temporal variations. This variability must be considered when selecting the location of an experimental site in a mountainous area, because the study site should be representative of surrounding areas. The same considerations apply when selecting a time period for study.
Evaluation of pharmacy students' perceptions of clinical pharmacy in South Africa
Authors: Ilcewicz Haley N. , Coetzee Renier , Taylor Mary , Piechowski Kara , Martello Jay L. , Wietholter Jon P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe University of the Western Cape (UWC) is integrating clinical, hospital‐based experiential learning into the final year of its pharmacy education. As clinical pharmacy continues to expand in South Africa, students' perceptions of the evolving field are not yet described in the literature.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to describe UWC's pharmacy students' perceptions of clinical pharmacy practice as it continues to develop in South Africa.MethodsThis study was a cross‐sectional, observational study of second, third, and fourth year pharmacy students at UWC. The 18‐item questionnaire was distributed via an online survey tool to participants during the second semester of the 2018 academic year.ResultsOne‐hundred forty nine (52%) students completed the survey. Ninety‐four percent of students had previous experience in a pharmacy setting but only 28.2% had experience observing a clinical pharmacist. UWC students felt that practicing clinical pharmacy is valuable (median 5 ± 0) and did not think it takes too much time and effort (median 2 ± 1), but also believed that there are barriers to its practice (median 4 ± 1). Overall, they did not think they had adequate training in clinical pharmacy (median 3 ± 2) and agreed that further training is required in order to practice clinical pharmacy (median 5 ± 1).ConclusionPharmacy students at UWC had an overall positive outlook on the practice of clinical pharmacy. Students at UWC School of Pharmacy are exposed to an innovative clinical experiential program that may have influenced their perceptions of clinical pharmacy, but still feel further clinical training beyond their curricula is required to adequately practice clinical pharmacy. Future research should focus on other pharmacy students' and pharmacists' perceived barriers to practicing clinical pharmacy as the field continues to evolve in South Africa.
Unique spectral signature of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Hult Jenny , Dahlstrand Ulf , Merdasa Aboma , Wickerström Karin , Chakari Rehan , Persson Bertil , Cinthio Magnus , Erlöv Tobias , Albinsson John , Gesslein Bodil , Sheikh Rafi , Malmsjö Malin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common skin cancer with metastatic potential. To reduce reoperations due to nonradical excision, there is a need to develop a technique for identification of tumor margins preoperatively. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a novel imaging technology that combines the strengths of laser optics and ultrasound. Our aim was to determine the spectral signature of cSCC using PA imaging and to use this signature to visualize tumor architecture and borders. Two‐dimensional PA images of 33 cSCCs and surrounding healthy skin were acquired ex vivo, using 59 excitation wavelengths from 680 to 970 nm. The spectral response of the cSCCs was compared to healthy tissue, and the difference was found to be greatest at wavelengths in the range 765 to 960 nm (P < .05). Three‐dimensional PA images were constructed from spectra obtained in the y‐z plane using a linear stepper motor moving along the x‐plane. Spectral unmixing was then performed which provided a clear three‐dimensional view of the distribution of tumor masses and their borders.