bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfoquinovose is a select nutrient of prominent bacteria and a source of hydrogen sulfide in the human gut
Authors: Hanson Buck , Kits Kerim , Löffler Jessica , Burrichter Anna , Fiedler Alexander , Denger Karin , Frommeyer Benjamin , Herbold Craig , Rattei Thomas , Karcher Nicolai , Segata Nicola , Schleheck David , Loy Alexander 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Diet selectively shapes the human gut microbiota and fuels production of diverse metabolites that influence host health. Responses of the microbiota to diet are highly personalized, yet mechanistically not well understood because the metabolic capabilities of human gut microorganisms remain largely unknown. Here we show that sulfoquinovose (SQ), an omnipresent monosaccharide in green vegetables, is a selective substrate for few but ubiquitous bacteria in the human gut. In anoxic incubations of human feces and in defined co-culture, Eubacterium rectale and Bilophila wadsworthia both use previously unrecognized pathways to cooperatively catabolize SQ to hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a key intestinal metabolite with disparate effects on host health. We find SQ degradation capability encoded in almost half of E. rectale genomes but otherwise sparsely distributed among microbial species in the human intestine. Re-analysis of fecal metatranscriptome datasets of four human cohorts showed that SQ degradation (mostly from E. rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and H2S production (mostly from B. wadsworthia) pathways were expressed abundantly across various health states, suggesting their active contribution to gut functioning. The discovery of green diet-derived SQ as an exclusive microbial nutrient and an additional source of H2S in the human gut highlights the role of individual dietary compounds and organosulfur metabolism on microbial activity and has implications for precision editing of the gut microbiota by dietary and prebiotic interventions.
Income Inequality in Obesity among US Adults 1999-2016: Does Sex Matter?
Authors: Hossein Zare , Gaskin Danielle D. , Thorpe Roland J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Obesity is a major public problem that varies by income and sex. However, there is little evidence that exists to determine the association between income and obesity may be moderated by sex and family income after controlling for potential covariates.
Objectives

To examine the association between income and obesity in adults ages 20 years and older and to test whether this relationship differs by sex.
Methods

Data for this study came from the 1999–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Obesity was defined by using Body Mass Index ≥ 30 kg/m2, and Gini Coefficient was calculated to measure income inequality by using Poverty Income Ratio (PIR). We categorized GC in five quintiles to examine the relationship between income-inequality and obesity. For the first set of analysis, Modified Poisson regression was used in a sample of 40,917 adults with almost equal number of men and women (women’s ratio was 50.6%). Models included age, racial/ethnic groups, marital status, education, health behavior (smoking and drinking status and physical activities), health insurance coverage, self-reported health, and household structure (live alone and female-headed household).
Results

Adjusting for potential confounders, higher-income men had a higher prevalence of obesity (PR: 1.11; CI: 1.00-1.25) compared to those with a lower-income, but women with upper middle income had a lower prevalence of obesity (PR:0.84; CI:0.77–0.93) compared to those with a lower income.
Conclusions

The association between income inequality and obesity was consistently significant among middle-income and higher-income men than lower-income men. The same association was not found for women, women more likely to suffer from income-inequality than men.
Increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio after thrombolysis better predicts 3-month stroke outcome
Authors: Hou Duanlu , Wang Chunjie , Ye Xiaofei , Zhong Ping , Wu Danhong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background-Thrombolysis has become an effective therapy for acute cerebral infarction (AIS) within 4.5 hours. Thrombolysis improves prognosis by increasing perfusion of the ischemic penumbra. Inflammation as one of the mechanisms of cerebral infarction, the role of thrombolysis is the topic of our exploration. Methods-From August 1, 2017 and September 1, 2019, 493 consecutive patients with AIS were prospectively enrolled in this cohort. 170 patients received thrombolytic therapy and 323 patients did not have thrombolysis. Clinical evaluation, laboratory data before and after thrombolysis and 3-month modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores were compared. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which represents inflammatory response, was divided into quartiles for comparison. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine independent factors of 3-month prognosis. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictability of NLR for good prognosis that was defined as 3-month mRS scores < 3. Results-The NLR after thrombolysis was higher than that before thrombolysis (p < 0.001) and in non-thrombolytic patients (p < 0.001). NLR after thrombolysis is an independent predictor of 3-month functional outcome (odds ratio (OR) = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.42, p = 0.03). Also, a cutoff value of 4.51 for NLR was detected in predicting post-thrombolysis 3-month functional outcome with a sensitivity of 65.7% and a specificity of 73.1% (area under curve [AUC], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77–0.92). We also found a significant difference (62% vs 88%, p < 0.001) in the proportion of good 3 months prognosis between the higher and lower group. Conclusions-This study showed that NLR increase after thrombolysis better predict post-thrombolytic unfavorable functional outcome in AIS patients. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, Unique identifier: ChiCTR1800018315. URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, Unique identifier: ChiCTR1800019615.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with non-opticospinal manifestations as initial symptoms: A long-term observational study
Authors: Li Rui , Lu Danli , Li Hao , Wang Yuge , Shu Yaqing , Chang Yanyu , Sun Xiaobo , Lu Zhengqi , Qiu Wei , Yang Zhi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Early stage neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) with non-opticospinal manifestations as initial symptoms are easily misdiagnosed; however, data on the full symptom profile are limited. Moreover, the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of these patients remain unknown. We sought to analyze the clinical characteristics, imaging features, and long-term outcomes of NMOSD with non-opticospinal manifestations as initial symptoms.
Methods
We retrospectively included relevant patients from our center. Clinical, demographic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), treatment, and outcome data were compared according to the non-opticospinal vs. opticospinal initial symptoms.
Results
We identified 43 (9.13%) patients with non-opticospinal initial symptoms among 471 patients with NMOSD. Of these, 88.37% developed optic neuritis/myelitis during an average follow-up of 6.33 years. All non-opticospinal symptoms were brain/brainstem symptoms. Most symptoms and associated brain lesions were reversible. These patients had a younger onset age (P < 0.001), lower serum aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody titers (P = 0.030), and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was lower at onset (P < 0.001) and follow-up (P = 0.041) than NMOSD patients with opticospinal initial symptoms. In addition, EDSS scores reached 3.0 (indicating moderate disability) later than in patients with opticospinal initial symptoms (P = 0.028).
Conclusions
Patients with NMOSD with non-opticospinal initial symptoms have a younger onset age, lower serum AQP4 antibody titers, and better clinical outcomes.
How rural residence and gender associate with Mental Health: a cross-sectional study among Chinese early adolescents
Authors: She Xinshu , Zhao Deqing , Li Mengying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Mental health disorders are the leading cause of disability in youth globally. China has the world’s second largest pediatric population with growing urban-rural inequalities.Objectives: 1) to examine the prevalence and gender differences in drug use, depressive symptoms, social support and externalizing behaviors in adolescents from an underserved rural community; 2) to compare results to a known urban sampleMethods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children 12-14 years-old from rural Guizhou (N=76) using the 2003 Global School-based Student Health Survey. Prevalence and gender differences of 19 mental health outcomes were calculated and compared to those from a public urban Beijing sample (N=1,629). Associations of outcomes with gender and rural residence were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models in a combined analysis.Results: The prevalence of 9 out of the 19 investigated outcomes was significantly higher in the rural sample. In rural Guizhou, female gender was associated only with lower prevalence of physical fights. In the combined analysis, rural residence was associated with higher risks of lifetime troubles due to drinking, loneliness, insomnia, hopelessness, injuries and absenteeism. Girls had lower risks of recent drinking, inebriation, troubles due to drinking, recent smoking, fights, injures and bullying victimization compared to boys. Conclusion: Higher risks of excessive drinking, depressive symptoms, poor social support, and externalizing behaviors were found in rural adolescents compared to their urban peers. Girls had lower risks of drug use, poor peer support and externalizing behaviors. These findings call for targeted interventions informed by contextual and gender specifications.
Care Needs and Preferences from Perspective of COVID-19 Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Moayed Malihe sadat , Heidaranlu Esmail , Parandeh Akram 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 epidemic is one of the major health problems all over the world due to its amazing spreading power and potential damage. Given the increasing prevalence of the disease, identifying the care needs and preferences of patients will play a very important role in providing effective training and caring programs for them. This study aimed to explain the Preferences and needs of care based on the experiences of people with COVID-19.Methods: This qualitative study was carried out over a period of 2 months in medical and recovery units of COVID-19 referral hospitals in Tehran, the capital of Iran in 2020. The Participants consisted of 15 COVID-19 patients selected through purposive sampling.Results: The results were classified into five main categories as “Access to desirable care and comfort services”, “Access to education and information from credible sources”, “Access to specialized care” “Support-social needs” and “Need for deep emotional interactions”.Conclusions: According to the results, identifying priorities and care needs from the perspective of patients with COVID-19 can help improve knowledge, reduce unrealistic patient concerns, and improve emotional interactions between patients and health care providers.
Societal Responses and Household-Level Determinants of Coronavirus Preparedness in Rural Ethiopia
Authors: Addis Yonnas , Abate Dubale , Batista João 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study assesses the rural community engagement to respond to the novel coronavirus and challenges faced, and possible factors determining their preparedness and response to the pandemic in rural Ethiopia. A total of 190 sample respondents were interviewed, and then descriptive statistics and a probit model were employed for data analysis. The result revealed that various individual and community groups practiced social work response to coronavirus, but socioeconomic and other institutional factors constrained their effectiveness and performance. The probit model regression analysis indicated that the rural households preparedness to coronavirus has influenced by gender characteristics, age category, educational level (household head & family members), mobile ownership, extension service, participation in social groups, economic status, and income from off/non-farm activities. Thus, much more attention needs to be given by a government and other stakeholders to confront the virus and its possible effect.
The prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon and its association with refractive errors in Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhuo Deyi , Chen Si , Ren Xiaofang , Wang Bingsong , Liu Linbo , Xiao Lin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To assess the prevalence and demographics of lower eyelid epiblepharon in Chinese preschool children and to evaluate its association with refractive errors.Methods: In this population-based, cross-sectional study , a total of 3,170 children aged 3 to 6 years from Beijing, China underwent examinations including weight, height, cycloplegic autorefraction and slit-lamp examination of external eyes. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to evaluate. The prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon in preschool children and its association with refractive errors were analyzed.Results: The prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon was 26.2%, which decreased with age with 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old being 30.6%, 28.0%, 15.0%, and14.3%, respectively. Boys had a higher risk of having epiblepharon than girls with ORs = 1.41 (95%CI, 1.20-1.66) and no significant correlation was detected between BMI and epiblepharon after adjustment of age and sex. Epiblepharon was associated with significantly higher risk of refractive errors including astigmatism (OR = 3.41; 95% CI, (2.68-4.33)), myopia (OR = 3.55; 95%CI, (1.86-6.76)), and hyperopia (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, (1.18-1.99)). Among astigmatic epiblepharon preschoolers, with-the-rule is predominant (80.9%) and epiblepharon severity was associated with astigmatism severity (p = 0.019). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon in Chinese preschool children, particularly among boys and the youngers. Preschoolers with lower eyelid epiblepharon are subject to higher risk of developing astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia, than those without. An increased attention should be paid to this eyelid abnormality in preschool population.
Mental Health Research Among Refugees: A Community-based Study in Turkey
Authors: Caman Ozge Karadag , Kilic Cengiz , Kaya Edip , Uner Sarp 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Turkey hosts nearly four million refugees and more than 95 percent live in urban areas. Living in urban settings pose different challenges and opportunities than living in camps. This study aimed to assess mental health problems and barriers to accessing mental health care among Syrian refugees in urban areas of Turkey. The study used a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data were collected by a face-to-face survey among 420 Syrian refugees in Ankara, whereas qualitative data were collected via in-depth interviews with 10 health care providers and 10 health policy makers.Discussion: In our case, the main challenges in conducting research with refugees were collecting data from a highly traumatized population, difficulties with contacting undocumented asylum seekers including trust issues and the fear of deportation, the risk of secondary traumatization among data collectors, and the bureaucracy during study approval processes. Targeting a representative sample was not feasible, because of the lack of publicly available demographic data on a district level, presence of undocumented asylum seekers and high mobility among the registered refugees. Although respondents with significant psychological symptoms were routinely referred to available mental health services, we were not able to do the same for unregistered refugees with problems in accessing health care. Language/alphabet differences and differing dialects of Arabic posed another challenge in both translation and administration of the scales. Based on cultural characteristics, a gender-balanced team was used and the interviewers were gender-matched whenever needed. Also, the research team had to work after work hours and during weekends to be able to interview male refugees, since most refugee men were at work during working hours and most days of the week. Conclusions: The research team’s experience showed that population characteristics including level of trauma, language, culture, gender, legal status, mobility, availability of publicly available data, and outreach-related barriers increased the challenges and ethical responsibilities of the researchers as well the research costs in terms of time, human resources and finance. Even in a host country with geographical, religious and cultural proximity to the refugees, profound challenges exist in conducting mental health research.
Misdiagnosed mesonephric adenocarcinoma in the cervix: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Gao Rui , Jin Long , Wang Liping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Mesonephric adenocarcinoma (MNAC) in the female reproductive system is a rare tumour caused by remnants of the mesonephric duct, mainly located in the cervix. Because of the rarity of the disease and few reports to date, no specific clinical features have been identified. Its diagnosis is challenging because MNAC may exhibit multiple morphological patterns, complicating differential diagnosis. Case presentation We report a 57-year-old female with cervical MNAC who was misdiagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma by biopsy. Histological study revealed a solid, glandular and papillary tumour. The pattern of papillary growth exhibited a vascular axis, and the morphology was similar to that of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Based on immunohistochemistry, the tumour cells were negative for CK5/6, P40 and Vimentin; GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3), CD10, AE1/AE3, CK7 and P16 were diffusely positive; calretinin was focally positive; and oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF1) and p53 were negative. The patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy and had no evidence of disease as of 10 months after the operation. The clinical manifestations, pathological features, treatment and prognosis of MNAC were summarized by reviewing the existing literature. Conclusions When tumours with papillary and squamous epithelial growth patterns are detected by biopsy, it is necessary to apply immunohistochemistry analysis to avoid misdiagnosis.
Further Evaluation and Validation of the VETSCAN IMAGYST: In-Clinic Feline and Canine Fecal Parasite Detection System Integrated with a Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Nagamori Yoko , Sedlak Ruth Hall , DeRosa Andrew , Pullins Aleah , Cree Travis , Loenser Michael , Larson Benjamin S. , Smith Richard Boyd , Penn Cory , Goldstein Richard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Fecal examinations in pet cats and dogs are key components of routine veterinary practice; however, the accuracy is influenced by diagnostic methodologies and the experience level of personnel performing the tests. The VETSCAN IMAGYST system was developed to provide simpler and easier fecal examinations which are less influenced by examiners’ skills. This system consists of three components: a sample preparation device, an automated microscope scanner, and an analysis software. The objectives of this study were to qualitatively evaluate the performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST system on feline parasites (Ancylostoma and Toxocara cati) and protozoan parasites (Cystoisospora and Giardia) and to assess and compare the performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation method to reference centrifugal and passive flotation methods.Methods: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the scanning and algorithmic components of the VETSCAN IMAGYST system, fecal slides were prepared by the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation technique with pre-screened fecal samples collected from dogs and cats and examined by both an algorithm and parasitologist. To assess the performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation technique, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared to conventional flotation techniques.Results: The performance of the VETSCAN IMAGYST algorithm closely correlated with evaluations by parasitologists, with sensitivity of 75.8-100% and specificity of 93.1-100% across the targeted parasites. For samples with 50 eggs or less per slide, Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.84 to 0.97 across the targeted parasites. The VETSCAN IMAGYST centrifugal flotation method correlated well with the conventional centrifugal flotation method across the targeted parasites: sensitivity of 65.7-100% and specificity of 97.6-100%. Similar results were observed for the conventional passive flotation method compared to the conventional centrifugal flotation method; sensitivity of 56.4-91.7% and specificity of 99.4-100%.Conclusions: The VETSCAN IMAGYST scanning and algorithmic systems with the VETSCAN IMAGYST fecal preparation technique demonstrated a similar qualitative performance to the results of parasitologists’ examinations with conventional fecal flotation techniques. Given the deep learning nature of the VETSCAN IMAGYST system, its performance is expected to improve over time, enabling it to be utilized in veterinary clinics to perform fecal examinations accurately and efficiently.
Hepatic portal vein gas associated with intestinal ischemia and acute gastric dilatation
Authors: PAN YUN 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Hepatic portal vein gas is a rare and alarming radiographic finding for patients especially those who had intestinal ischemia. It often indicates a very serious infection and could result in infectious shock even death in a very short period of time, even though the mortality of hepatic portal vein gas went down with the increased use of computed tomography and ultrasound in the patient which allows early and highly sensitive detection of such severe illnesses.
Case presentation

Here a case was described in which the patient who had hepatic portal vein gas associated with intestinal ischemia and acute gastric dilatation died in a short time.
Conclusions

Attention must be paid closely to the patient who has hepatic portal vein gas associated with intestinal ischemia, and something must be done because it often indicates a life-threatening acute abdomen.