bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MtSUPERMAN plays a key role in compound inflorescence and flower development in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Rodas Ana L. , Roque Edelín , Hamza Rim , Gómez‐Mena Concepción , Minguet Eugenio G. , Wen Jiangqi , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Beltrán José P. , Cañas Luis A. 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYLegumes have unique features, such as compound inflorescences and a complex floral ontogeny. Thus, the study of regulatory genes in these species during inflorescence and floral development is essential to understand their role in the evolutionary origin of developmental novelties. The SUPERMAN (SUP) gene encodes a C2H2 zinc‐finger transcriptional repressor that regulates the floral organ number in the third and fourth floral whorls of Arabidopsis thaliana. In this work, we present the functional characterization of the Medicago truncatula SUPERMAN (MtSUP) gene based on gene expression analysis, complementation and overexpression assays, and reverse genetic approaches. Our findings provide evidence that MtSUP is the orthologous gene of SUP in M. truncatula. We have unveiled novel functions for a SUP‐like gene in eudicots. MtSUP controls not only the number of floral organs in the inner two whorls, but also in the second whorl of the flower. Furthermore, MtSUP regulates the activity of the secondary inflorescence meristem, thus controlling the number of flowers produced. Our work provides insight into the regulatory network behind the compound inflorescence and flower development in this angiosperm family.
The expected frequency and amount of free peritoneal fluid estimated using the abdominal FAST‐applied abdominal fluid scores in healthy adult and juvenile dogs
Authors: Lisciandro Gregory R. , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Romero Luis A. , Hauke Samantha M. , Bridgeman Courtney H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the frequency and amount of free peritoneal fluid in juvenile and adult dogs using the abdominal focused assessment with sonography for trauma (AFAST) abdominal fluid scoring system.DesignProspective case series.AnimalsHealthy, privately owned juvenile and adult dogs.ProceduresDogs undergoing routine surgical sterilization were evaluated at induction with AFAST and assigned measurements and fluid scores. A surgeon scored the degree of peritoneal fluid found during ovariohysterectomy.ResultsNinety‐two dogs were enrolled (46 juveniles and 46 adults). Ninety‐three percent and 52% were AFAST positive for peritoneal fluid, respectively. The AFAST‐positive view frequency for right lateral recumbency in juveniles was diaphragmatico‐hepatic (DH) 100%, spleno‐renal (SR) 20%, cysto‐colic (CC) 40%, and hepato‐renal (HR) 20% versus adults, DH 60%, SR 20%, CC 0%, and HR 0%, respectively. The AFAST‐positive view frequency for left lateral recumbency was DH 93%, SR 44%, CC 24%, and HR 12% in juveniles, and DH 50%, SR 3%, CC 3%, and HR 10% in adults. Overall abdominal fluid scores (AFS) in juvenilles were 0 (n = 3), 1 (n = 14), 2 (n = 22), 3 (n = 6), and 4 (n = 1); and in adults, scores were 0 (n = 22), 1 (n = 18), 2 (n = 6), and 3 and 4 (n = 0). The AFS differed between adults and juveniles (P < 0.001). Most dogs had maximum fluid dimensions ≤3 × 3 mm and width of fluid stripes ≤3 mm. The AFS was positively correlated to fluid amount observed during ovariohysterectomy with fair agreement (kappa = 0.233, P = 0.012).Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis study establishes the frequency and amount of free peritoneal fluid in healthy juvenile and adult dogs during AFAST. Maximum fluid pocket dimensions of ≤3 × 3 mm and fluid stripe widths of ≤3 mm in dogs with AFS 1 and 2 may be normal. The DH view was most frequently positive.
Induction of dynamic hyperinflation by expiratory resistance breathing in healthy subjects – an efficacy and safety study
Authors: Urban Matthias Helmut , Mayr Anna Katharina , Schmidt Ingrid , Margulies Eduard , Grasmuk‐Siegl Erwin , Burghuber Otto Chris , Funk Georg‐Christian 
Published: November 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The study aimed to establish a novel model to study the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)‐related cardiopulmonary effects of dynamic hyperinflation in healthy subjects.
What is the main finding and its importance?
A model of expiratory resistance breathing (ERB) was established in which dynamic hyperinflation was induced in healthy subjects, expressed both by lung volumes and intrathoracic pressures. ERB outperformed existing methods and represents an efficacious model to study cardiopulmonary mechanics of dynamic hyperinflation without potentially confounding factors as present in COPD.
AbstractDynamic hyperinflation (DH) determines symptoms and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The induction of DH is used to study cardiopulmonary mechanics in healthy subjects without COPD‐related confounders like inflammation, hypoxic vasoconstriction and rarefication of pulmonary vasculature. Metronome‐paced tachypnoea (MPT) has proven effective in inducing DH in healthy subjects, but does not account for airflow limitation. We aimed to establish a novel model incorporating airflow limitation by combining tachypnoea with an expiratory airway stenosis. We investigated this expiratory resistance breathing (ERB) model in 14 healthy subjects using different stenosis diameters to assess a dose–response relationship. Via cross‐over design, we compared ERB to MPT in a random sequence. DH was quantified by inspiratory capacity (IC, litres) and intrinsic positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEPi, cmH2O). ERB induced a stepwise decreasing IC (means (95% CI): tidal breathing: 3.66 (3.45–3.88), ERB 3 mm: 3.33 (1.75–4.91), 2 mm: 2.05 (0.76–3.34), 1.5 mm: 0.73 (0.12–1.58) litres) and increasing PEEPi (tidal breathing: 0.70 (0.50–0.80), ERB 3 mm: 11.1 (7.0–15.2), 2 mm: 22.3 (17.1–27.6), 1.5 mm: 33.4 (3.40–63) cmH2O). All three MPT patterns increased PEEPi, but to a far lesser extent than ERB. No adverse events during ERB were noted. In conclusion, ERB was proven to be a safe and efficacious model for the induction of DH and might be used for the investigation of cardiopulmonary interaction in healthy subjects.
In pursuit of the unicorn
Authors: Tipton M. J. , Corbett J. , Eglin C. M. , Mekjavic I. B. , Montgomery H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis short review was prompted by The Physiological Society's recent online symposium on variability. It does not deal with a specific methodology, but rather with the myth that certain environmentally‐induced clinical conditions can be identified, quantified, simplified and monitored with a single methodology. Although this might be possible with some clinical conditions, others resist the prevailing reductionist approach of minimizing rather than exploring variation in pathogenesis and pathology, and will not be understood fully until the variation in cause and effect are embraced. This is likely to require comprehensive methodologies and collaboration.
Characterization of Acetabular Cup Insertion Forces in Cancellous Bone Proxy for Validation of an Invasive Sensing Model and Development of Automatic Prosthesis Installation Device: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Behzadi Kambiz , Rusk Jesse 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Total hip replacement is a widespread medical procedure, with over 300,000 surgeries performed each year in the United States alone. The vast majority of total hip replacements utilize press fit fixation. Successful seating of the implant requires a delicate balance between inserting the implant deep enough to obtain sufficient primary stability, while avoiding fracture of bone. To improve patient outcomes, surgeons need assistive technologies that can guide them as to how much force to apply and when to stop impacting. The development of such technology, however, requires a greater understanding of the forces experienced in bone and the resulting cup insertion and implant stability. Here, we present a preliminary study of acetabular cup insertion into bone proxy samples. We find that as the magnitude of force on the acetabular cup increases, cup insertion and axial extraction force increase linearly, then nonlinearly, and finally plateau with full insertion. Within the small nonlinear zone, approximately 90% of both cup insertion and extraction force are achieved with only 50% total energy required for full seating, posing the question as to whether full seating is an appropriate goal in press-fit arthroplasty. For repeated impacts of a given energy, cup displacement and force experienced in bone (measured force profile—MFP) increase correspondingly and reach a plateau over a certain number of impacts (number of impacts to seating—NOITS), which represents the rate of insertion. The relationship between MFP and NOITS can be exploited to develop a force feedback mechanism to quantitatively infer optimal primary implant stability.
Fuzzy Data Type Modeling With EXPRESS
Authors: Ma Z. M. , Zhang W. J. , Ma W. M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Information with imprecision and uncertainty is inherently presented in engineering design and manufacturing. The nature of imprecision and uncertainty is incompleteness. Product data model, being a core of intelligent manufacturing system, consists of all concerned data in the product life cycle. It is possible that crisp data as well as incomplete data are involved in product data model. So EXPRESS, being a powerful tool to develop a product data model, should be extended for this purpose. This paper extends the data types in EXPRESS to make it possible to represent fuzzy information.
Estimating Reduction in Development Time for Implementing a Product Platform Approach
Authors: Siddique Zahed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Many market forces are driving companies to improve their targeting of increasingly small market niches. To accomplish this efficiently, products are organized into product families that typically share common platforms. In industries with short product lifecycles, the decision to move towards a common platform approach, even for some components, requires estimating the reduction in development time. One of the problems encountered in estimating development time is that initially, before implementing a platform approach, hard information related to product family design and development is not available. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the design and development time using simple activity models, when moving towards a platform approach. The product family models are developed from existing single product design activities, which are modified and extended to reflect activities related to development of product platform and subsequent product members of the family from the platform. Uncertainty associated with time for each activity is also included in the model, which is solved using Monte Carlo simulation. The approach is demonstrated using a hard disk drive spindle motor platform development for a family of hard disks.
Mathematical Modeling of a DC Motor With Encoder Feedback Using Real Time Simulation
Authors: Rahnamai Kourosh , Yanke Brian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Real-time simulation is used to model and perform parameter identification of a dc motor with encoder feedback. Using a fast DSP board, a permanent-magnet dc motor is controlled through a proportional position feedback, while running in parallel a real-time simulation of the mathematical model of the same system. Parameters of the mathematical model are adjusted in real time, such that the error between actual system and math model are minimized. This method allows a fast and efficient method for calculating and verifying math model of a dynamic system.
Physics Based B-Spline Heterogeneous Object Modeling
Authors: Qian Xiaoping , Dutta Debasish 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The task of modeling material heterogeneity (composition variation) is a critical issue in the design and fabrication of heterogeneous objects. Existing methods cannot efficiently model the material heterogeneity, due to the formidable size of the degrees of freedom for the specification of heterogeneous objects. In this research, we provide an intuitive way to model the object heterogeneity by using only a few parameters. These parameters carry physical meanings, such as diffusion coefficients in the diffusion process. We use a B-spline representation to model heterogeneous objects and material properties. We use diffusion equations to generate heterogeneous material composition profile. We then use finite element techniques to solve the material composition equations for the diffusion process. Finally we extend this method to the direct manipulation of material properties in heterogeneous objects.
Intelligent Compressor Design in a Network-Centric Environment
Authors: Röhl Peter J. , Kolonay Raymond M. , Paradis Michael J. , Bailey Michael W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The concept of a federation of distributed devices on a network which enter the federation through a process of “discover and join”, by which they register with a service request broker and publish the services which they perform is applied to engineering software tools. A highly flexible computer architecture is developed, leveraging emerging web technologies like Sun Microsystems’ Jini™, RMI, JavaSpaces, in which engineering software tools like CAD, CAE, PDM, optimization, cost modeling, etc. act as distributed service providers and service requestors. The individual services communicate via so-called context models, which are abstractions of the master model data of a particular product. A human user interacts with the framework through a thin client like a web browser from anywhere in the world, where proper security measures to prevent unauthorized access to proprietary data is maintained. The paradigm of the CAD Master Model is extended with the introduction of the Intelligent Master Model (IMM), which, in addition to the what, captures the why and how of a design through the use of knowledge-based engineering tools. The framework is applied to the intelligent scaling and detailed finite element analysis of a compressor rotor and compressor blades. A KBE system scales the compressor rotor based on high-level information like mass flow and resulting flowpath geometry. The scaled geometry is validated through detailed high-fidelity stress analysis of critical features, which is associatively linked to the scaled master geometry.
Design and Implementation of the Intelligent Hydraulic Valve System
Authors: Li Weibo , Li Wei , Wang Yu , Wu Genmao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the design consideration and implementation of an intelligent hydraulic valve system, which can be used for controlling and monitoring valve states. This fieldbus based power line communication network development is a result of a desire to have a dedicated, open, low-cost and easily installed system in the field with robust reliability, which could support the communication needs of devices which are normally interconnected by “low voltage” wiring. The paper covers the contents of development goals, communication system selection, media characteristics, signalling technique, network protocol and device interfaces.
Sheet Modeling and Thickening Operations Based on Non-Manifold Boundary Representations
Authors: Lee Sang Hun , Kim Hyun-Soo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper describes sheet modeling and thickening operations based on a non-manifold topological representation for efficient solid modeling of thin-walled plastic or sheet metal parts. Since the existing methods have adopted boundary representations for solid models, it is difficult to represent the exact adjacency relations between topological entities in a sheet model, and to describe a mixture of wireframe and sheet objects that appear in the intermediate steps of sheet modeling operations. Accordingly, it is difficult to devise and implement the algorithms for sheet modeling and thickening operations. To solve these problems, we introduce a non-manifold boundary representation as a topological framework and propose a sheet thickening algorithm by presenting variations to a general non-manifold offset algorithm that is based on the mathematical definition of offsets. In addition, to facilitate sheet modeling operations, not only a set of generalized Euler operators for non-manifold models are provided, but also sheet modeling capabilities, including adding, bending, and punching functions with two-dimensional curve editors.
Metamodeling Development for Vehicle Frontal Impact Simulation
Authors: Yang R. J. , Wang N. , Tho C. H. , Bobineau J. P. , Wang B. P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Response surface methods or metamodels are commonly used to approximate large engineering systems. This paper presents a new metric for evaluating a response surface method or a metamodeling technique. Five response surface methods are studied: Stepwise Regression, Moving Least Square, Kriging, Multiquadratic, and Adaptive and Interactive Modeling System. A real world frontal impact design problem is used as an example, which is a complex, highly nonlinear, transient, dynamic, large deformation finite element model. The optimal Latin Hypercube Sampling method is used to distribute the sampling points uniformly over the entire design space. The Root Mean Square Error is used as the error indicator to study the accuracy and convergence rate of the metamodels for this vehicle impact analysis. A hybrid approach/strategy for selecting the best metamodels of impact responses is proposed.
An Agent Based Optimization Approach to Manufacturing Process Planning
Authors: Deshpande Saurabh , Cagan Jonathan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Many optimization problems, such as manufacturing process planning optimization, are difficult problems due to the large number of potential configurations (process sequences) and associated (process) parameters. In addition, the search space is highly discontinuous and multi-modal. This paper introduces an agent based optimization algorithm that combines stochastic optimization techniques with knowledge based search. The motivation is that such a merging takes advantage of the benefits of stochastic optimization and accelerates the search process using domain knowledge. The result of applying this algorithm to computerized manufacturing process models is presented.
Position Analysis of a New Family of 3-DOF Translational Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Carricato Marco , Parenti-Castelli Vincenzo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article presents the position analysis of a new family of 3-limbed 3-dof parallel manipulators, whose output links exhibit a motion of pure translation with respect to the base. Each limb contains four revolute joints and a prismatic pair, which can be mounted anywhere along the kinematic chain or replaced by a fifth revolute one. A univariate polynomial has been found that solves the direct position problem wherever the actuators are placed. The inverse analysis has been carried out in closed-form for all possible locations of the actuated joints. Finally, numerical examples are provided.
Rapid Manufacturing by Laser Aided Direct Metal Deposition Process: Issues and Examples
Authors: Choi J. , Mazumder J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Development of a new product takes several phases — conceptual design, assembly layouts, detail design, prototype, testing, and then production. Competitiveness hinges on reducing these phases in time for new products. Rapid prototyping (RP) and rapid production are the concept that is aimed specifically at that goal. The essence of RP and rapid production is the formation of a solid 3-D object directly from CAD dimensions. Laser aided direct metal/material deposition (LADMD) offers the ability to make a metal component directly from 3-D CAD dimensions. 3-D CAD data can be converted to machine tool code after the 3-D object is sliced down layer by layer. Repeating laser cladding pass layer by layer, a 3-D object can be formed with the help of CAD data. The key of this build-up mechanism is the effective control of powder to be delivered and laser power to be irradiated into the melt-pool. Adaptive deposition associated with varied thickness deposition is more effective to build up layers quickly than uniform thickness deposition. The rational for this deposition strategy is how quickly and how soundly it can be deposited. Fabricated example parts are presented. This paper also reviews important issues regarding geometrical integrity as well as material integrity in developing LADMD process.
Design of Compliant Force and Displacement Amplification Micro-Mechanisms
Authors: Parkinson Matthew B. , Jensen Brian D. , Kurabayashi Katsuo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In many MEMS applications, it is desirable to amplify the force or displacement of an actuator or transducer. Devices that amplify force or mechanical advantage typically achieve this at the expense of displacement or geometric advantage. Likewise, devices that amplify geometric advantage do so at the expense of mechanical advantage. This paper proposes a device topology based on a four-link mechanism with compliant segments in place of hinges. Finite-element analysis and optimization were used to develop a Pareto set of solutions quantifying the force / displacement trade-off for a variety of loading conditions. Depending on these conditions, this device is capable of multiplying force inputs by as much as 23.7 and displacement inputs by as much as 588. Efficiency of these designs improves as the two objectives (mechanical and geometric advantage) are considered jointly in a multicriteria optimization problem rather than individually.
Expansion Approach for Layout Design of Complex Planar Gear Transmission System
Authors: Lu Yiping , Cha Jianzhong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Layout design plays important role in design process of complex gear transmission system. Its automation will significantly increase the design efficiency and quality. In this paper, a new method, the expansion method, is proposed for design automation of gear transmission. Expansion method is a kind of algorithm method that finds positions of layout items by putting expansion and repulsion operations among their imaginary size-reduced counterparts. Before it can be used in layout design of gear transmission, the method is modified to make it suitable for operating with gearing specialties, such as special gearing constraints and complex gearbox structure. Automatic layout design of multi-spindle house is discussed in this paper as a specific example topic.