bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representing Quantum Information with Digital Coding Metasurfaces
Authors: Bai Guo Dong , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the development of science and technology, the way to represent information becomes more powerful and diversified. Recent research on digital coding metasurfaces has built an alternative bridge between wave‐behaviors and information science. Different from the logic information in traditional circuits, the digital bit in coding metasurfaces is based on wave‐structure interaction, which is capable of exploiting multiple degrees of freedom (DoFs). However, to what extent the digital coding metasurface can expand the information representation has not been discussed. In this work, it is shown that classical metasurfaces have the ability to mimic qubit and quantum information. An approach for simulating a two‐level spin system with meta‐atoms is proposed, from which the superposition for two optical spin states is constructed. It is further proposed that using geometric‐phase elements with nonseparable coding states can induce the classical entanglement between polarization and spatial modes, and give the condition to achieve the maximal entanglement. This study expands the information representing range of coding metasurfaces and provides an ultrathin platform to mimic quantum information.
Phosphorus pools in soils under rotational and continuous grazed pastures
Authors: Toor Gurpal S. , Yang Yun‐Ya , Morris Matt , Schwartz Philip , Darwish Yasmine , Gaylord George , Webb Kristen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhosphorus loss from intensively grazed pastures is an ongoing concern in agricultural watersheds. We investigated P pools in fields managed as continuous (stocking rate of 3.55 animal unit [AU] ha–1) and rotational (stocking rate of 2.56 AU ha–1) cattle grazing pastures. Soil samples from 0–5 and 0–20 cm were collected >12 yr after establishing pastures. Organic matter was significantly (p < .05) higher, i.e., 2.2% greater at 0–5 cm and 1% greater at 0–20 cm in the continuous than the rotational pasture. The Mehlich 3‐P (M3‐P) was 33.1 ± 8.88 mg kg–1 at 0–5 cm and 17.2 ± 3.10 mg kg–1 at 0–20 cm in the rotational pature and was 91.6 ± 43.87 mg kg–1 at 0–5 cm and 63.6 ± 45.85 mg kg–1 at 0–20 cm in the continuous pasture. The M3‐P saturation ratio at 0–5 cm was in the “above optimum” category in the continuous pasture (0.13 ± 0.067) and in the “below optimum” category in the rotational pasture (0.04 ± 0.012). Of the total extractable P in soils, NaOH–P was the largest fraction (59–72%), followed by HCl–P (12–19%), NaHCO3–P (7–19%), and H2O–P (2–9%). We conclude that significantly (p < .05) less accumulation of labile P pools (i.e., H2O and NaHCO3) in the rotational than the continuous pasture was due to the low stocking rate, which will likely translate to lower P losses to receiving waters.
Relationship study among soils physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in urban green space and promotion of its composition and network analysis
Authors: Feng Xiaojie , Sun Xiangyang , Li Suyan , Zhang Junda , Hu Nuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBacterial communities are closely related to soil physicochemical properties in urban green spaces, which also are important biological indicators in urban soil quality. However, there has been little basic research on soil bacterial composition and network analysis in different urban green space types, leading to a lack of micro‐understanding during urban green space management. Therefore, 30 soil sample sites from 0 to 40 cm were separately selected from two primary urban green space types (attached and park) in Beijing. We investigated how soil bacterial communities and networks respond to soil physicochemical properties by using high‐throughput 16S rDNA sequencing. Soil moisture content, organic matter (OM), total N (TN), available N, available K (AK), total Pb, and total Hg in park green space soils were significantly increased 1.49, 2.04, 1.78, 1.46, 1.20, 1.84, and 7.19 times relative to attached green space soils. A total of 2,238,221 sequences (440 bp) were acquired from urban green space soils. norank_c_Acidobacteria, Blastocatellaceae_Subgroup_4_, Gemmatimonadaceae, Anaerolineaceae, and Nitrosomonadaceae were the major bacterial families, and soil OM (36.6%, P = .01) and TN (34.6%, P = .01) were significantly (P < .01) positively correlated with bacterial communities at the family level in urban green soils. Through network analysis, we determined that Actinobacteria was the core microorganism in parks and attached green space soils, but taxonomic groups in park green space soils tended to be more modular and more closely connected. Therefore, we should pay more attention to promoting development of soil nutrients in urban green spaces, especially attached green spaces. Our results provide scientific guidance for urban green space ecological environmental management.
Surface Interrogation of Electrodeposited MnOx and CaMnO3 Perovskites by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Probing Active Sites and Kinetics for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Jin Zhaoyu , Bard Allen J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSurface interrogation scanning electrochemical microscopy (SI‐SECM) of two electrodeposited manganese‐based electrocatalysts, amorphous MnOx and perovskite CaMnO3, was used to investigate the manganese oxidation state relating to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under neutral conditions. The results indicate the amounts of MnIII and MnIV species in MnOx and CaMnO3 depend on potential. A MnV species was identified in both structures during the OER. Time‐delay titration of MnV further revealed that MnOx produced two types of active sites with different OER reaction rates: k′fast(MnOx)=1.21 s−1 and k’slow(MnOx)=0.24 s−1. In contrast, CaMnO3 perovskites in which the MnV species formed at a less positive potential than that in MnOx, displayed only one kinetic behavior with a faster reaction rate of 1.72 s−1.
Formation of Nucleophilic Allylboranes from Molecular Hydrogen and Allenes Catalyzed by a Pyridonate Borane that Displays Frustrated Lewis Pair Reactivity
Authors: Hasenbeck Max , Ahles Sebastian , Averdunk Arthur , Becker Jonathan , Gellrich Urs 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHere we report the in situ generation of nucleophilic allylboranes from H2 and allenes mediated by a pyridonate borane that displays frustrated‐Lewis‐pair reactivity. Experimental and computational mechanistic investigations reveal that upon H2 activation, the covalently bound pyridonate substituent becomes a datively bound pyridone ligand. Dissociation of the formed pyridone borane complex liberates Piers borane and enables a hydroboration of the allene. The allylboranes generated in this way are reactive towards nitriles. A catalytic protocol for the formation of allylboranes from H2 and allenes and the allylation of nitriles has been devised. This catalytic reaction is a conceptually new way to use molecular H2 in organic synthesis.
An improved strategy to synthesize graphite oxide with controllable interlayer spacing as coatings for anticorrosion application
Authors: Zheng Hao , Cheng Yusheng , Zhao Ranran , Ye Ying , Chen Jianfang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA facile method to synthesize nanoscale graphene oxide (GO) with controllable interlayer spacing was carried out using two‐step oxidation process and much less acid to improve the efficiency of the oxidation. The X‐ray diffraction results demonstrated that GO had been successfully prepared from graphite because of disappearance of characteristic peaks of pristine graphite at about 2θ = 26.5° along with appearance of a sharp major peak of GO at about 2θ = 9.4°. The increased basal spacing d001of as‐prepared GO could reach as high as 9.39 Å, suggesting higher degree of oxidation than that prepared by the classical Hummers' synthesis, and characterization results from Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy further confirmed this conclusion. The influence of GO on anti‐corrosion performance of nanocomposite coatings composited with the 2,5‐dimethoxyaniline (DMA) conductive polymer was examined via potentiodynamic polarization curve tests in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of GO significantly decreased the corrosion current density (icorr= 2.62 μA/cm2) in the case of GO‐PDMA coating, reflecting excellent physical isolation of GO and its synergistic effect with PDMA against the infiltration of water and corrosive electrolyte.
Use of a bis(aminoalkyl)‐calix[4]arene derivative as cross‐linking agent to enhance functional and mechanical properties of a maleated polypropylene
Authors: Lara Alejandra , Létoffé Adrien , Hoppe Sandrine , Mourer Maxime , G'sell Christian , Regnouf‐de‐Vains Jean‐Bernard , Ponçot Marc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn isotactic polypropylene grafted by 1 wt% of maleic anhydride (iPP‐g‐MAH) was chemically modified to provide it with new functional abilities and improved mechanical properties. The specific additive considered in this work is a derivative of bis(aminoalkyl)‐calix[4]arene. Not only this molecule serves as a cross‐linking agent, but it offers grafting sites for metallic ions that confer electrolytic conductivity to the initially insulating polyolefin. Materials were synthesized by reactive extrusion, and subsequently manufactured as plates by injection molding. The three‐dimensional macromolecular architecture was optimized by adjusting the NH2:MAH molar ratio in a range from 0.5:1 to 1:1. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the amine/ anhydride chemical reactions, while gel content measurements were used to determine the degree of cross‐linking. The crystalline microstructure of the different materials was characterized by two complementary methods: (a) overall crystallinity by differential scanning calorimetry; (b) lamellar thickness by thermal fractionation using the self‐successive auto‐nucleation procedure. Only a small decrease of the crystalline lamellae is observed. The mechanical properties were determined by a video‐controlled tensile testing method and by Brillouin spectroscopy. A transition from brittle to ductile behavior was observed for increasing cross‐links density. Scanning electron microscopy on fracture surfaces showed that ductile fracture was favored by the development of fibrils.
Influence of relative humidity on charge stability of ozone treated polystyrene particles
Authors: Jaber Albraa A. , Obaid Ahmad Abu , Advani Suresh G. , Gillespie John W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe influence of relative humidity on charge decay on polystyrene (PS) particles is investigated at room temperature by using Faraday cup and attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy. The PS (2.8 ± 0.4 μm in diameter) particles were charged by using an ozone setup. The ozone charging source was from the free O‐ radicals generated from O3 dissociation on the surface of the PS particles resulting in carbonyl groups formation. The charge decayed exponentially, and the decay time constants were quantified using Faraday cup for various relative humidity conditions at room temperature. The charge decay due to the interaction of the PS particles with the environment was also investigated using ATR‐FTIR, where the CO stretching band at 1745 cm−1 was monitored. The decay of the CO on the PS particles is due to the reaction of the carbonyl groups with the hydronium ions [H3O]+. The reaction of CO with [H3O]+ is responsible for the time dependent charge decay. From both methods, the charge decay exhibited an exponential behavior, where the time decay constants measured from the two methods were in excellent correlation. The decay time constant increased linearly with increasing the RH. A generalized master charge decay curve is established for any PS surfaces (particles/films).
The influence of ceramic additives on intumescence and thermal activity of epoxy coatings for steel
Authors: Mastalska‐Popławska Joanna , Kadac Kornelia , Izak Piotr , Gierej Marcin , Stempkowska Agata , Góral Zuzanna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe article presents results of the research on the influence of graphite/kaolin and graphite/titanium oxide systems on thermal properties, intumescence degree and the integrity of the structure of intumescent protective films based on epoxy resins for steel. The TG/DTG/DSC analysis showed that graphite/kaolin system shifted the decomposition reaction of epoxy resin towards higher temperatures, even by about 30°C. Fire endurance tests and the SEM analysis confirmed these results because more thermally resistant (T500°C reached after 37.5 min for 1.1 coating thickness), swollen (about 20 times) and homogeneous coatings were obtained. The presented results suggest that ceramic fire retardants can successfully cooperate with organic components in intumescent protective coatings for steel elements.
Preparation of the flexible soybean oil‐based material via [2 + 2] cycloaddition photo‐polymerization
Authors: Ding Lei , Chen Yi Fan , Zhong Zhengxiang , Lu Fei , Du Yunzhe , Liu Li , Huang Yudong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolymers with high flexibility and high content renewable biomass materials have attracted particular attention. Plant‐derived trans‐cinnamic acid (CA) was introduced into the structure of epoxidized soybean oil to form trans‐cinnamated epoxidized soybean oil (ESOCA). ESOCA with multi‐cinnamate groups was cured via [2 + 2] cycloaddition photo‐polymerization that with no need of photoinitiator, while acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (ESOAA) was photocured via free radical photopolymerization for comparison. The successful synthesis of ESOCA and ESOAA resin was proved by Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and gel permeation chromatography results. ESOCA is more environmentally friendly than ESOAA for that trans‐CA volatility is much lower than acrylic acid during synthesis process. Notably, UV‐cured ESOCA samples had a higher tensile strength at break and a 14.75 times elongation at break of that of UV‐cured ESOAA samples, showing that [2 + 2] cycloaddition photo‐polymerization is a good strategy to prepare flexible materials. Performances of ESOCA as coating on flexible PET film were also better than those of ESOAA, especially the flexibility, adhesion, and UV shielding performance. This study may open up a new way for design and synthesize flexible high performance polymer from renewable biomass materials.
Temperature effect on mechanical strength and frictional properties of polytetrafluoroethylene‐based core‐shell nanocomposites
Authors: Bian Zhengliang , Zhang Lin , Wu Shuai , He Feng , Zhang Fan , Pan Jinshan , Xie Guoxin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has shown an outstanding lubricity as a solid lubricant, but its application is limited due to its low‐mechanical strength and high‐wear rate. In this study, core‐shell nanoparticles were synthesized using PTFE as the core and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as the shell. The formed core‐shell nanocomposites by leveraging the core‐shell nanoparticles as basic structural units exhibit remarkable enhancement on uniformity, tensile strength, and wear resistance, compared to mechanically mixed composites with the same composition. Our experiments demonstrated the following results: (1) Owing to the excellent uniformity, the maximum tensile strength of core‐shell nanocomposites was 62 MPa, three times higher than that of mechanically mixed composites. (2) The composite matrix formed by PMMA shell had better reinforcement and protection effect on inner PTFE phase, resulting in a reduced wear rate of 0.3 × 10−5 mm3/(N m), one order of magnitude lower than that of mechanically mixed composites. (3) The friction coefficient and interfacial mechanical properties of the core‐shell nanocomposites at different temperatures have been systematically studied to get insights into lubrication mechanisms. It is proved that the temperature can decrease the modulus and increase the interfacial adhesion as well as the loss tangent of the core‐shell nanocomposites, thus affecting the lubrication properties in multiple ways.
Well‐being at the crossroads of the unconscious, preconscious, and reason in higher education
Authors: Sherman Glen L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWell‐being has become a prominent theme for higher education in North America. This paper explores how we might best understand well‐being in higher education, given the premium it puts on rationality and critical thinking, in light of insights from psychodynamic theory. The author presents a brief history of the concept of well‐being in psychology and higher education, how the unconscious came to be barred from current discourse, and how it might re‐establish its place if reframed in terms of the preconscious and sublimation. The author then discusses key concepts from transformative education theory and mindfulness practice, which have had explicit presences in higher education theory and practice, for the helpful roles they might play in bringing this about, since at their borders, the unconscious makes its presence known. Finally, the author poses a way that rationality and depth psychology may co‐exist in higher education and bring about fruitful educational results.
Synthesis, anticonvulsant, and antinociceptive activity of new 3‐(3‐methyl‐2,5‐dioxo‐3‐phenylpyrrolidin‐1‐yl)propanamides and 3‐phenyl‐butanamides
Authors: Obniska Jolanta , Góra Małgorzata , Rapacz Anna , Sałat Kinga , Rybka Sabina , Abram Michał , Jakubiec Marcin , Kamiński Krzysztof 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA focused library of new 3‐(3‐methyl‐2,5‐dioxo‐3‐phenylpyrrolidin‐1‐yl)propanamides and their nonimide analogs were synthesized and tested for anticonvulsant activity. These compounds were obtained through the coupling reaction of the starting carboxylic acids with appropriate amines. The initial anticonvulsant screening was performed in mice (intraperitoneal administration) using the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) seizure models. The most promising compound 6 showed more potent protection in the MES and scPTZ tests than valproic acid, which is still recognized as one of the most relevant first‐line anticonvulsants. The structure–activity relationship analysis revealed that the presence of the pyrrolidine‐2,5‐dione ring is important but not indispensable to retain anticonvulsant activity. Additionally, compound 6 showed potent antinociceptive properties in the oxaliplatin‐induced neuropathic pain model in mice. The most plausible mechanism of action for compound 6 may result from its influence on the neuronal sodium channel (Site 2) and the high‐voltage‐activated L‐type calcium channel.
A simple colorimetric experiment using mammalian cell culture to study metabolism
Authors: Sharma Kanika , Fizet Kiel J. , Montgomery Kathlyene R. , Smeltzer Nathan A. , Sikorski Madison H. , Brown Kennedy G. , Beyke Brandon J. , Burkhart Ryan C. , Lynn Abigail N. , Grandinetti Giovanna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe goal of this laboratory exercise is to give upper‐level undergraduate students an introduction to sterile technique in mammalian cell culture and metabolism. The experiment can be completed within a 3‐h lab period and can be performed either in conjunction with other biochemistry/metabolism experiments or used as a stand‐alone experiment. In this experiment, students are tasked with relating the acidification of cell culture medium to metabolism in order to elucidate the mechanism of action for a compound. Students can relate their experimental results to topics covered on glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in upper‐level biochemistry classes as well as gain valuable experience relating metabolism to drug discovery.
Boost morale, productivity with actual conversations
Authors: McCarthy Claudine 
Published: September 2020

Remote work, Zoom meetings, emails, texts, and social media can help you stay connected to career and family while limiting your exposure to the COVID‐19 virus, but they won't protect you from catching the loneliness bug triggered by limiting your exposure to chit‐chat. Even before the shutdown brought on by the COVID‐19 pandemic, “the world was already experiencing a loneliness epidemic,” according to Celeste Headlee, an award‐winning journalist, professional speaker, and author of Heard Mentality and We Need To Talk: How To Have Conversations That Matter. She spoke during a webinar hosted by NASPA: Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education. “The human voice is healing,” she explained, and authentic interactions boost the immune systems of those involved.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement with Evolut R versus Sapien 3 in Japanese patients with a small aortic annulus: The OCEAN‐TAVI registry
Authors: Hase Hiromu , Yoshijima Nobuhiro , Yanagisawa Ryo , Tanaka Makoto , Tsuruta Hikaru , Shimizu Hideyuki , Fukuda Keiichi , Naganuma Toru , Mizutani Kazuki , Yamawaki Masahiro , Tada Norio , Yamanaka Futoshi , Shirai Shinichi , Tabata Minoru , Ueno Hiroshi , Takagi Kensuke , Watanabe Yusuke , Yamamoto Masanori , Hayashida Kentaro ,   OCEAN‐TAVI Investigators
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare safety, efficacy, and hemodynamics of transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using self‐expanding and balloon‐expandable transcatheter heart valves (THVs) in patients with a small aortic annulus.BackgroundFew studies have directly compared TAVR outcomes using third‐generation THVs, focusing on patients with small aortic annuli.MethodsIn a multicenter TAVR registry, we analyzed data from 576 patients with a small annulus and who underwent transfemoral TAVR using third‐generation THVs. Propensity score matching was used to adjust baseline clinical characteristics.ResultsThe device success rate in the overall cohort was 92.0% (Evolut R: 92.1% vs. Sapien 3:92.0%, p = 0.96). One year after TAVR, patients treated with Evolut R maintained a lower mean pressure gradient (mPG) and a higher indexed effective orifice area (iEOA) in the matched cohort {mPG: 9.0 [interquartile range (IQR): 6.0–11.9] vs. 12.0 [IQR: 9.9–16.3] mmHg, p < .001; iEOA: 1.20 [IQR: 1.01–1.46] vs. 1.08 [IQR: 0.90–1.28] cm2/m2, p < .001}. However, no significant differences were reported in the incidence of severe prosthesis‐patient mismatch and aortic regurgitation at 1 year. Furthermore, both groups showed comparable outcomes with no differences in terms of all‐cause mortality (log‐lank test, p = .81).ConclusionsTAVR for patients with a small annulus using third‐generation THVs was associated with high device success. Evolut R seems to be superior to Sapien 3 in hemodynamic performance for patients with a small annulus and body surface area up to 1 year after TAVR. Nevertheless, all‐cause mortality at 1 year was similar between both groups.
Organic Solvent‐free Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition in Liquid‐ or Solid‐State using Conventional Stirring Catalyzed by a Chiral Rhodium Complex Developed as a Homogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Korenaga Toshinobu , Kori Hiroto , Asai Shota , Kowata Ryo , Shirai Masayuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrganic solvent‐free asymmetric 1,4‐addition of arylboronic acids to enone substrates was performed by using a chiral rhodium complex catalyst developed as a homogeneous catalyst. Reactions catalyzed by [RhOH(cod)]2 with chiral diphosphine ligands in liquid‐ or solid‐state proceeded to give chiral 1,4‐adducts in high yield with enantioselectivities up to ca. 100 % ee by conventional stirring without mechanochemistry such as ball milling. The solid‐state reactions under a static condition also proceeded, but with a slight decrease in enantioselectivity of the 1,4‐adduct. SEM observations of the solid‐state reactions indicated that no nanoparticles catalyst was generated. The organic solvent‐free reaction could be applied to gram‐scale synthesis by performing a greener purification using a minimum necessary organic solvent.