bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformative events: Feminist experiments in writing differently
Authors: Kinnunen Veera Elina , Wallenius‐Korkalo Sandra Sinikka , Rantala Pälvi Marjaana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article is a reflexive methodological opening into changing writing by transforming the event of writing. Drawing from feminist theorization and the recent calls for writing differently, the eventness of academic writing was attested. It was explored how experimenting with and altering the writing events opens up potentialities for change in us as researchers, and in the practices of academic knowing in a wider sense. Three autoethnographic experiments were shared in transforming the writing through creative fiction, corporeal movement, and collective speculation. Introducing an event‐based mode to the academic thinking and writing practices provided us with means to broaden our scholarly imagination by writing from and with our feeling, sensing, and moving bodies, which allowed us to ask tentative questions and speculate wildly.
Nitrogen Attenuation in Septic System Plumes
Authors: Robertson William D. , Van Stempvoort Dale R. , Schiff Sherry L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe persistence of inorganic nitrogen is assessed in a set of 21 septic system plumes located in Ontario, Canada, that were studied over a 31‐year period from 1988 to 2019. In the plume zones underlying the drainfields, site mean NO3− values averaged 34 ± 27 mg N/L and exceeded the nitrate drinking water limit (DWL) of 10 mg N/L at 16 of 21 sites. In plume zones extending up to 30 m downgradient from the drainfields, site mean NO3− values averaged 24 ± 20 mg N/L and exceeded the DWL at 9 of 13 sites. Site mean total inorganic nitrogen (TIN; NH4+ + NO3− − N) removal averaged 34 ± 26% in the drainfield zones and 36 ± 44% in the downgradient plume zones, indicating that much of the removal occurred within the drainfields. Removal was much higher at nine sites where drainfield TIN included >10% NH4+ (62 ± 25% removal). TIN removal was not correlated with wastewater loading rate, system age, or sediment carbonate mineral content, but was correlated with water table depth, where shallower water table sites had generally less complete wastewater oxidation. At many of these sites, both NO3− and NH4+ were present together in the plumes and were lost concomitantly, suggesting that the anammox reaction was making an important contribution to the observed TIN loss. When groundwater nitrate contamination is a concern, considering on‐site treatment system designs that lead to a lesser degree of wastewater oxidation, could be a useful approach for enhancing N removal.
Zircon U–Pb ages of Miocene granitic rocks in the Koshikijima Islands: Implications for Neogene tectonics in the Kyushu region, southwest Japan
Authors: Shinjoe Hironao , Orihashi Yuji , Niki Sota , Sato Aki , Sasaki Minoru , Sumii Tomoaki , Hirata Takafumi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe opening of the Japan Sea separated southwest Japan from the Eurasian continent during the Early to Middle Miocene. Since then, diverse igneous activities have occurred in relation to the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath southwest Japan. The Okinawa Trough formed in the back‐arc region of the Ryukyu Arc since the Late Miocene. In the Koshikijima Islands, off the west coast of Kyushu and near the northern end of the Okinawa Trough, felsic to intermediate igneous rocks with Middle to Late Miocene radiometric ages occur as granitic intrusions and dikes. We obtained zircon U–Pb ages and whole‐rock major‐ and trace‐element compositions of Koshikijima granitic rocks to elucidate their magmagenesis. The U–Pb ages of granitic rocks in Kamikoshikijima and Shimokoshikijima and a dacite dike are about 10 Ma, suggesting that most magmatism on the Koshikijima Islands was coeval with early rifting in the Okinawa Trough. We infer that magmagenesis occurred via melting of lower crustal mafic rocks related to rifting in the Okinawa Trough based on the arc‐like trace‐element compositions of these I‐type granites. Andesitic dikes preceded felsic igneous activity on the Koshikijima Islands, and their ages and petrochemistry will help elucidate the magmatism and tectonics in this area throughout the Miocene.
Strategic Leadership of Innovation: A Framework for Future Research
Authors: Cortes Andres Felipe , Herrmann Pol 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGenerating and implementing innovative ideas is a key organizational effort to achieve superior performance and secure competitive advantages. Accordingly, the influence of strategic leaders on organizational innovation is increasingly drawing research attention. In this study, we review and synthesize research on how strategic leaders (chief executive officers, top management teams, and boards of directors) influence innovation and propose a framework to guide future research on this important topic. We explain how existing theories rely on discretional or architectural mechanisms to explain strategic leaders’ influence on innovation and review how current studies relate strategic leaders to the specific stages of the innovation process. We also discuss the role of the internal and external environment in moderating these relationships and provide an overview and criticism of theoretical and methodological issues. Overall, we discuss the most relevant findings of the field, analyze how specific suggestions drawn from our framework can contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the influence of strategic leaders on innovation, and propose multiple research opportunities.
The effect of the third invariant on the strength and failure of boron carbide and silicon carbide
Authors: Holmquist Timothy , Chocron Sidney , Nicholls Art 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article presents new test data to assess the effect the third invariant has on the strength and failure of two ceramic materials: boron carbide and silicon carbide. Two experimental techniques are used: the Brazilian test that produces a biaxial state of stress, and a new technique that uses a high‐pressure confinement vessel to load a specially designed dumbbell specimen in triaxial extension. The dumbbell geometry provides two important advantages over the typically used cylindrical specimen: no adhesive is required to bond the specimen to the load cell because the dumbbell geometry naturally takes the specimen into tension, and any loading asymmetries are essentially eliminated due to the axisymmetric geometry. The results show that when the stress state is on the tensile meridian the equivalent stress at failure is constant, independent of the hydrostatic pressure. The average equivalent stress at failure is for boron carbide and for silicon carbide. The Brazilian test was only performed on boron carbide and failed at , much higher than when on the tensile meridian () indicating that the effect of the third invariant is significant (because of the difference in the failure strength) and must be accounted for to accurately predict when failure will occur.
Comparison between estimated and brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity for cardiovascular and overall mortality prediction
Authors: Hsu Po‐Chao , Lee Wen‐Hsien , Tsai Wei‐Chung , Chen Ying‐Chih , Chu Chun‐Yuan , Yen Hsueh‐Wei , Lin Tsung‐Hsien , Voon Wen‐Chol , Lai Wen‐Ter , Sheu Sheng‐Hsiung , Su Ho‐Ming , Chiu Cheng‐An 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPulse wave velocity (PWV) was a good marker of arterial stiffness and could predict cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Recently, estimated PWV (ePWV) calculated by equations using age and mean blood pressure was reported to be an independent predictor of major CV events. However, there was no study comparing ePWV with brachial‐ankle PWV (baPWV) for CV and overall mortality prediction. We included 881 patients arranged for echocardiographic examination. BaPWV and blood pressures were measured by ankle‐brachial index‐form device. The median follow‐up period to mortality was 94 months. Mortality events were documented during the follow‐up period, including CV mortality (n = 66) and overall mortality (n = 184). Both of ePWV and baPWV were associated with increased CV and overall mortality after the multivariable analysis. ePWV had better predictive value than Framingham risk score (FRS) for CV and overall mortality prediction, but baPWV did not. In direct comparison of multivariable analysis using FRS as basic model, ePWV had a superior additive predictive value for CV mortality than baPWV (p = .030), but similar predictive valve for overall mortality as baPWV (p = .540). In conclusion, both ePWV and baPWV were independent predictors for long‐term CV and overall mortality in univariable and multivariable analysis. Besides, ePWV had a better additive predictive value for CV mortality than baPWV and similar predictive value for overall mortality as baPWV. Therefore, ePWV obtained without equipment deserved to be calculated for overall mortality prediction and better CV survival prediction.
What accounts for racial and ethnic differences in credit use?
Authors: Goodstein Ryan M. , Lloro Alicia , Rhine Sherrie L.W. , Weinstein Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRacial and ethnic differences across U.S. households in use of bank credit (e.g., credit cards) and nonbank credit (e.g., payday loans) are striking. We examine whether household characteristics and residential location can explain these differences. We use a novel dataset with information on previously unexplored factors, including income volatility, subjective attitudes about banks, geographic proximity to financial providers, and neighborhood population characteristics. We find that much of the raw disparities in credit use are attributable to observable household characteristics. Accounting for neighborhood population characteristics meaningfully reduces the disparities further. However, the residual racial and ethnic disparities remain large in magnitude. We show these disparities are not likely attributable to unobserved differences in households' family background, financial literacy, subjective attitudes, or credit scores. Instead, they are most likely attributable to unobserved supply‐side factors, such as racial and ethnic differences in households' exposure to marketing. We conclude with implications for policy.
Acoustic pharyngometry ‐ A new method to facilitate oral appliance therapy
Authors: Opsahl Ulrik Leidland , Berge Morten , Lehmann Sverre , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Opsahl Per , Johansson Anders 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is lack of reliable and accurate methods to predict treatment outcomes of oral appliance (OA) treatment. Acoustic pharyngometry (AP) is a non‐invasive technique to evaluate the volume and minimal cross‐sectional area of the upper airway, which may prove useful to locate the optimal position of OAs.ObjectiveThis retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying AP to OA treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).MethodsAll patients (n = 244) treated with OAs following an AP protocol at two dental clinics between 2013 and 2018 were invited to participate. A total of 129 patients accepted the invitation, and 120 patients (75 men, 45 women) were included in the analyses. Mean baseline age, BMI and apnoea hypopnea index (AHI) were 59.1 ± 0.9 years, 27.8 ± 0.4 and 21.9 ± 1.1, respectively. Mean follow‐up time was 318 ± 24 days.ResultsAHI at follow‐up was 6.4 ± 0.7, resulting in a treatment success rate of 86.7% (≥50% reduction of baseline AHI). The number of failures (<50% reduction of baseline AHI) did not differ significantly among patients with mild, moderate and severe OSA. 87.6% of the patients reported OA usage every night, and 95.5% reported > 5 hours usage per night, when worn.ConclusionThe AP protocol applied seems to contribute to the excellent effect of OA treatment in this study. Further research on the application of AP in OA treatment is necessary in order to clarify its possible beneficial contribution to improving OA therapy.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of furosemide in sheep
Authors: Durna Corum Duygu , Corum Orhan , Atik Orkun , Cetin Gul , Zhunushova Aidai , Uney Kamil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of furosemide were determined following intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC) administrations at 2.5 mg/kg dose in sheep. The study was conducted on six healthy sheep in a three‐way, three‐period, crossover pharmacokinetic design with a 15‐day washout period. In first period, furosemide was randomly administered via IV to 2 sheep, IM to 2 sheep and SC to 2 sheep. In second and third periods, each sheep received furosemide via different routes of administration with the 15‐day washout period. Plasma concentrations were determined using a high‐performance liquid chromatography assay and analyzed by noncompartmental method. The mean total clearance and volume of distribution at steady state following IV administration were 0.24 L h‐1 kg‐1 and 0.17 L/kg, respectively. The elimination half‐life was similar for all administration routes. The mean peak plasma concentrations of IM and SC administration were 10.33 and 3.18 μg/ml at 0.33 and 0.42 hr, respectively. The mean bioavailability of IM and SC administration was 97.91% and 37.98%, respectively. The IM injection of furosemide may be the alternative routes in addition to IV. However, further research is required to determine the effect of dose and route of administration on the clinical efficacy of furosemide in sheep.
Clinical characteristics and management of 1572 patients with pyogenic liver abscess: A 12‐year retrospective study
Authors: Yin Dalong , Ji Changyong , Zhang Shugeng , Wang Jiabei , Lu Zhaoyang , Song Xuan , Jiang Hongchi , Lau Wan Yee , Liu Lianxin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground & aimsPyogenic liver abscesses (PLA) are space‐occupying lesions in the liver that produce high morbidity and mortality. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of abscesses is different depending on the bacterial culture results and require different strategies for management. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with PLA.MethodsClinical features, laboratory tests and etiology of PLA between 2006 to 2011 and 2012 to 2017 in a single hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence and mortality of PLA caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were compared and the risk factors for multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) and endophthalmitis were evaluated.ResultsAmong the 1,572 PLA patients, the proportion with PLA increased from 333 (21.2%) in 2006‐2011 to 1,239 (78.8%) in 2012‐2017 without any investigation and treatment procedure differences. K pneumoniae was the main isolate in analysed pus cultures (85.6%). The mortality rate of patients with K pneumoniae infection was lower in the latter period (6.7% vs 0.7%, P = .035). Multivariate analyses revealed that age, fever, MODS and length of hospital stay were factors affecting poor prognosis (death + unhealed/uncured) in PLA patients after treatment and that cardiovascular disease, pleural effusion and pulmonary infection were risk factors for MODS, while diabetes mellitus was the only risk factor for endophthalmitis. Most patients (95.5%) with PLA recovered after abscess drainage/puncture and antibiotic therapy.ConclusionsPleural effusion, fever, MODS and length of hospital stays were factors useful in predicting PLA outcomes.
An investigation of seeming favoritism in public procurement
Authors: Pi Jiancai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe existing literature holds that favoritism in public procurement is due to discrimination or corruption. In procurement, the government agency faces a tradeoff between the expected allocative efficiency and the expected rent paid to the contracting firm. When the government agency's efficiency gain is larger (resp. smaller) than its rent loss, it is optimal for the government agency to choose the contract with the low‐cost (resp. high‐cost) firm. The general public usually deems that the latter case implies that there exists favoritism in public procurement. We point out that such seeming favoritism is not favoritism in the true sense. There may be an over‐identification of favoritism in public procurement in the existing literature.
Ontogenetic niche partitioning in southern elephant seals from Argentine Patagonia
Authors: Campagna Julieta , Lewis Mirtha N. , González Carman Victoria , Campagna Claudio , Guinet Christophe , Johnson Mark , Davis Randall W. , Rodríguez Diego H. , Hindell Mark A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractElephant seals, Mirounga spp., are highly dimorphic, having different energetic requirements according to age and sex, and foraging in various ecological and oceanographic contexts. Resource partitioning has been shown for the sub‐Antarctic populations of southern elephant seals, M. leonina, where colonies are surrounded by narrow shelves that deepen abruptly. In contrast, seals from Península Valdés (Argentina), in the northernmost extent of the breeding range, face an extended, shallow, temperate, and productive continental shelf. We integrated tracking data from 98 animals (juveniles and adults, males and females) gathered over more than two decades, and found that although all available habitats were used, individuals segregated by age and sex. Juvenile males favored shelf habitats, whereas subadult and adult males also used the shelf break. Juvenile females preferred the shelf and the more distant Argentine Basin used by postbreeding and postmolt adult females. Males showed the highest proportion of area‐restricted search locations, suggesting more spatially concentrated feeding activity, and likely reflecting a preference for foraging habitat and prey. Our results are consistent with those from other populations, implying that elephant seals show remarkable similarities in habitat use by age and sex classes, despite broad differences in the offshore habitats between sub‐Antarctic and temperate ecosystems.
Effects of diets, foods and nutrients on immunity: Implications for COVID‐19?
Authors: Lockyer S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has sparked an increase in claims that particular food and drink products and nutritional supplements are able to ‘boost’ immunity. The immune system is highly complex, consisting of many different cell types and processes, and nutritional adequacy is undoubtedly required to support its function. Specific roles have been established for several micronutrients including vitamins A, B6, B12, C and D, copper, folate, iron, selenium and zinc, with documented impacts on particular aspects of immune function as a result of clinical deficiencies. Increased susceptibility to infections and poorer outcomes have been commonly observed in cases of undernutrition. However, high bodyweight, diabetes and ageing are also associated with immune dysfunction. The gut microbiota is intimately linked with the immune system and there is some evidence to suggest that food components that favourably modify its composition, such as pre‐ and probiotics, may be advantageous in immune modulation. Studies also indicate some benefits of specific supplements; for example, zinc and vitamin C supplements have been shown to reduce the duration of the common cold; probiotics have been suggested to reduce the duration and severity of acute infectious diarrhoea and prevent antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea; and anti‐inflammatory effects of long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids have also been demonstrated. However, at present there are no authorised EU health claims for any of these effects. In the light of the recent media interest in the role of diet and lifestyle on the immune system following the COVID‐19 outbreak, this article will summarise why a healthy, balanced diet is key to supporting immune function with consideration given to the latest thinking in relation to COVID‐19.
Quantitative proteomic analysis to capture the role of heat‐accumulated proteins in moss plant acquired thermotolerance
Authors: Guihur Anthony , Fauvet Bruno , Finka Andrija , Quadroni Manfredo , Goloubinoff Pierre 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAt dawn of a scorching summer day, land plants must anticipate upcoming extreme midday temperatures by timely establishing molecular defences that can keep heat‐labile membranes and proteins functional. A gradual morning pre‐exposure to increasing sub‐damaging temperatures induces heat‐shock proteins (HSPs) that are central to the onset of plant acquired thermotolerance (AT). To gain knowledge on the mechanisms of AT in the model land plant Physcomitrium patens, we used label‐free LC–MS/MS proteomics to quantify the accumulated and depleted proteins before and following a mild heat‐priming treatment. High protein crowding is thought to promote protein aggregation, whereas molecular chaperones prevent and actively revert aggregation. Yet, we found that heat priming (HP) did not accumulate HSP chaperones in chloroplasts, although protein crowding was six times higher than in the cytosol. In contrast, several HSP20s strongly accumulated in the cytosol, yet contributing merely 4% of the net mass increase of heat‐accumulated proteins. This is in poor concordance with their presumed role at preventing the aggregation of heat‐labile proteins. The data suggests that under mild HP unlikely to affect protein stability. Accumulating HSP20s leading to AT, regulate the activity of rare and specific signalling proteins, thereby preventing cell death under noxious heat stress.
Primary pediatric deceased‐donor kidney transplant recipients outcomes by immunosuppression induction received in the United States
Authors: Riad Samy , Jackson Scott , Chinnakotla Srinath , Verghese Priya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe studied the association of induction immunosuppression and pediatric deceased‐donor kidney recipient and graft survival.MethodsWe utilized the SRTR to evaluate all primary pediatric deceased‐donor kidney transplants from January 1st, 2000, through December 2018. We included only recipients who were maintained on tacrolimus and mycophenolate. Recipients were grouped by induction type: alemtuzumab n = 320, r‐ATG n = 2091 and IL‐2RA n = 2165. Recipient and allograft survival, and their predictors, were examined. Models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, HLA‐antigen mismatches, transplant year, steroid maintenance, pre‐emptive transplantation and payor type, with the transplant center included as a random effect.ResultsRejection rates at 6 months (alemtuzumab 8.6% vs r‐ATG 7.8% vs IL2‐RA 9.2%; P = .30) and 12 months (alemtuzumab 17.2% vs r‐ATG 15.7% vs IL2‐RA 16.5%; P = .70) were not significantly different between induction groups. In the multivariable models, compared to IL‐2RA neither alemtuzumab nor r‐ATG was associated with improved recipient [alemtuzumab (HR 1.06, P = .88); r‐ATG (HR 1.03, P = .84)] or graft survival [alemtuzumab (HR 1.18, P = .32); r‐ATG (HR 1.10, P = .21)].ConclusionIn this large cohort of standard immunological risk primary pediatric deceased‐donor kidney recipients on tacrolimus and mycophenolate maintenance, depletional induction regimens were not associated with better rejection rates, recipient, or graft survival compared to IL‐2RA induction. Racial, payor type, and sex‐related outcome disparities were significant in this group independent of the induction choice.