bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the association between tourism and the alcohol urban environment in Barcelona: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Puigcorbé Susanna , Villalbí Joan R , Sureda Xisca , Bosque-Prous Marina , Teixidó-Compañó Ester , Franco Manuel , Bartroli Montserrat , Espelt Albert 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesAlcohol availability and promotion are not distributed equally in the urban context. Evidence shows that the socioeconomic level seems to influence the amount of alcohol-related elements in an area. Some studies suggest that tourism could also affect the distribution of these elements. We explore with a valid instrument in a large city whether there is an association between high tourism pressure and a greater presence of alcohol-related elements in the urban environment.DesignObservational ecological study.SettingThe study was conducted in Barcelona during 2017–2018.ParticipantsWe assessed urban exposure to alcohol by performing social systematic observation using the OHCITIES Instrument in a stratified random sample of 170 census tracts within the city’s 73 neighbourhoods.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFor each census tract we calculated the density of alcohol premises, and of promotion in public places per 1000 residents. We estimated tourism pressure using the number of tourist beds per 1000 residents in each neighbourhood and calculated quartiles. To assess the relationship between rate ratios of elements of alcohol urban environment and tourism pressure, we calculated Spearman correlations and fitted Poisson regression models with robust error variance.ResultsThe median densities obtained were of 8.18 alcohol premises and of 7.59 alcohol advertising and promotion elements visible from the public space per 1000 population. Census tracts with the highest tourism pressure had 2.5 (95% CI: 1.85–3.38) times more outlets and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.64–3.23) times more promotion elements per 1000 residents than those in the lowest tourism pressure quartile.ConclusionsWe observed a strong association between tourism pressure and alcohol exposure in the city of Barcelona.
Modification of empirical antimicrobial regimens in large animal medicine
Authors: Redding Laurel , Grunwald Haley , Cole Stephen , Rankin Shelley , Nolen‐Walston Rose 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundEmpirical antimicrobial regimens can be modified following new diagnostic information or when empirical treatment fails. Little is known about the frequency or clinical context in which these modifications occur. We characterised these modifications in a large animal hospital to identify when antimicrobial use could be optimised.MethodsChart reviews were performed for all inpatients and outpatients administered antimicrobials at a large animal veterinary referral and teaching hospital in 2017–2018 (n=1163 visits) to determine when and why empirical regimens were modified. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with reasons for modification.ResultsEmpirical antimicrobial regimens were modified in 17.3 per cent of visits. The main reasons were parenteral‐oral conversions in horses and failure of disease prevention or treatment in ruminants. Empirical therapy for disease prevention was more likely to be modified because of complications in ruminants and in animals on the emergency/critical care service. Empirical therapy for disease treatment was more often modified for reasons other than de‐escalation in ruminants and in animals with longer lengths of stay.ConclusionsEmpirical antimicrobial regimens were modified infrequently and mostly for purposes of parenteral‐oral conversion in horses and lack of response in ruminants. De‐escalation of antimicrobials administered for disease treatment, when guided by diagnostics, is a major tenet of judicious antimicrobial use. However, more research is needed to determine when and how antimicrobial regimens administered for disease prevention should be modified.
A degenerate Gaussian weight connected with Painlevé equations and Heun equations
Authors: Han Pengju , Chen Yang 
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we study the recurrence coefficients of a deformed Hermite polynomials orthogonal with respect to the weight [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].It is an extension of Chen and Feigin [J. Phys. A., Math. Gen. 39(2006) 12381–12393]. By using the ladder operator technique, we show that the recurrence coefficients satisfy a particular Painlevé IV equation and the logarithmic derivative of the associated Hankel determinant satisfies the Jimbo–Miwa–Okamoto [Formula: see text] form of the Painlevé IV. Furthermore, the asymptotics of the recurrence coefficients and the Hankel determinant are obtained at the hard-edge limit and can be expressed in terms of the solutions to the Painlevé XXXIV and the [Formula: see text]-form of the Painlevé II equation at the soft-edge limit, respectively.In addition, for the special case [Formula: see text], we obtain the asymptotics of the Hankel determinant at the hard-edge limit via semi-classical Laguerre polynomials with respect to the weight [Formula: see text], which reproduced the result in Charlier and Deano, [Integr. Geom. Methods Appl. 14(2018) 018 (p. 43)].
Autoantibodies in Early Detection of Breast Cancer
Authors: Rauf Femina , Anderson Karen S. , LaBaer Joshua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In spite of the progress made in treatment and early diagnosis, breast cancer remains a major public health issue worldwide. Although modern image-based screening modalities have significantly improved early diagnosis, around 15% to 20% of breast cancers still go undetected. In underdeveloped countries, lack of resources and cost concerns prevent implementing mammography for routine screening. Noninvasive, low-cost, blood-based markers for early breast cancer diagnosis would be an invaluable alternative that would complement mammography screening. Tumor-specific autoantibodies are excellent biosensors that could be exploited to monitor disease-specific changes years before disease onset. Although clinically informative autoantibody markers for early breast cancer screening have yet to emerge, progress has been made in the development of tools to discover and validate promising autoantibody signatures. This review focuses on the current progress toward the development of autoantibody-based early screening markers for breast cancer.
See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible.”
Phase I Trial of Debio 1143, an Antagonist of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins, Combined with Cisplatin Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Le Tourneau Christophe , Tao Yungan , Gomez-Roca Carlos , Cristina Valerie , Borcoman Edith , Deutsch Eric , Bahleda Rastislav , Calugaru Valentin , Modesto Anouchka , Rouits Elisabeth , Gollmer Kathrin , Vuagniaux Gregoire , Crompton Philippa , Zanna Claudio , Szyldergemajn Sergio , Delord Jean-Pierre , Bourhis Jean 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurpose:Debio 1143 is an oral antagonist of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, which enhances tumor response with concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Addition of Debio 1143 to cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (LA-SCCHN) was evaluated in a phase I/II study to determine the MTD and recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Here, phase I results are reported.Patients and Methods:Treatment-naïve patients with LA-SCCHN (stages III/IVA/IVB) received Debio 1143 (100, 200, 300 mg/day), for 14 days every 3 weeks, with cisplatin (100 mg/m², every 3 weeks), for three cycles, and concomitant conventional fractionation radiotherapy (70 Gy/7 weeks). Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was evaluated over 9 weeks using continual reassessment.Results:Fourteen patients were treated/evaluable for DLT. Median age was 64.5 years, and all patients were current/former smokers. Primary tumors were hypopharynx, oropharynx (all human papillomavirus/p16 negative), larynx, and oral cavity. Two of six patients at 200 mg/day had DLT (grade 3 tubular necrosis, grade 3 aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase increase, grade 4 febrile neutropenia, and grade 3 lipase increase), which was considered the MTD and RP2D. Common grade 3–4 adverse events were dysphagia (36%) and mucositis (29%). Laboratory abnormalities were frequent and generally mild, including anemia, white blood cell decrease, and increased creatinine. Addition of Debio 1143 did not compromise chemotherapy administration. Overall locoregional control rate at 18 months was 85%. Overall response rate was 85%, including 69% complete responses. Progression-free survival rate at 24 months was 74%.Conclusions:The RP2D of Debio 1143 is 200 mg/day for 14 days, every 3 weeks, when combined with concomitant high-dose cisplatin chemoradiotherapy in LA-SCCHN. Debio 1143 addition to chemoradiotherapy was safe and manageable. Preliminary efficacy is encouraging and supports further development.
Multidisciplinary Cardiac Rehabilitation and Long-Term Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Kamiya Kentaro , Sato Yukihito , Takahashi Tetsuya , Tsuchihashi-Makaya Miyuki , Kotooka Norihiko , Ikegame Toshimi , Takura Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Takanobu , Nagayama Masatoshi , Goto Yoichi , Makita Shigeru , Isobe Mitsuaki 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves health-related quality of life and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure (HF). However, CR efficacy in patients with HF who are elderly, frail, or have HF with preserved ejection fraction remains unclear. We examined whether participation in multidisciplinary outpatient CR is associated with long-term survival and rehospitalization in patients with HF, with subgroup analysis by age, sex, comorbidities, frailty, and HF with preserved ejection fraction.

Methods:
This multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed in patients hospitalized for acute HF at 15 hospitals in Japan, 2007 to 2016. The primary outcome (composite of all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization after discharge) and secondary outcomes (all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization) were analyzed in outpatient CR program participants versus nonparticipants.

Results:
Of the 3277 patients, 26% (862) participated in outpatient CR. After propensity matching for potential confounders, 1592 patients were included (n=796 pairs), of which 511 had composite outcomes (223 [14%] all-cause deaths and 392 [25%] HF rehospitalizations, median 2.4-year follow-up). Hazard ratios associated with CR participation were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.65–0.92) for composite outcome, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.51–0.87) for all-cause mortality, and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.67–0.99) for HF-related rehospitalization. CR participation was also associated with numerically lower rates of composite outcome in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction or frail patients.

Conclusions:
Outpatient CR participation was associated with substantial prognostic benefit in a large HF cohort regardless of age, sex, comorbidities, frailty, and HF with preserved ejection fraction.
PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9) Enhances Platelet Activation, Thrombosis, and Myocardial Infarct Expansion by Binding to Platelet CD36
Authors: Qi Zhiyong , Hu Liang , Zhang Jianjun , Yang Wenlong , Liu Xin , Jia Daile , Yao Zhifeng , Chang Lin , Pan Guanxing , Zhong Haoxuan , Luo Xinping , Yao Kang , Sun Aijun , Qian Juying , Ding Zhongren , Ge Junbo 
Published: September 2020

Background:
PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9), mainly secreted by the liver and released into the blood, elevates plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by degrading low-density lipoprotein receptor. Pleiotropic effects of PCSK9 beyond lipid metabolism have been shown. However, the direct effects of PCSK9 on platelet activation and thrombosis, and the underlying mechanisms, as well, still remain unclear.

Methods:

We detected the direct effects of PCSK9 on agonist-induced platelet aggregation, dense granule ATP release, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, α-granule release, spreading, and clot retraction. These studies were complemented by in vivo analysis of FeCl
3
-injured mouse mesenteric arteriole thrombosis. We also investigated the underlying mechanisms. Using the myocardial infarction (MI) model, we explored the effects of PCSK9 on microvascular obstruction and infarct expansion post-MI.

Results:

PCSK9 directly enhances agonist-induced platelet aggregation, dense granule ATP release, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, P-selectin release from α-granules, spreading, and clot retraction. In line, PCSK9 enhances in vivo thrombosis in a FeCl
3
-injured mesenteric arteriole thrombosis mouse model, whereas PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab ameliorates its enhancing effects. Mechanism studies revealed that PCSK9 binds to platelet CD36 and thus activates Src kinase and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)–extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, increases the generation of reactive oxygen species, and activates the p38MAPK/cytosolic phospholipase A2/cyclooxygenase-1/thromboxane A
2
signaling pathways downstream of CD36 to enhance platelet activation, as well. Using CD36 knockout mice, we showed that the enhancing effects of PCSK9 on platelet activation are CD36 dependent. It is important to note that aspirin consistently abolishes the enhancing effects of PCSK9 on platelet activation and in vivo thrombosis. Last, we showed that PCSK9 activating platelet CD36 aggravates microvascular obstruction and promotes MI expansion post-MI.

Conclusions:
PCSK9 in plasma directly enhances platelet activation and in vivo thrombosis, and MI expansion post-MI, as well, by binding to platelet CD36 and thus activating the downstream signaling pathways. PCSK9 inhibitors or aspirin abolish the enhancing effects of PCSK9, supporting the use of aspirin in patients with high plasma PCSK9 levels in addition to PCSK9 inhibitors to prevent thrombotic complications.
A Comparison of the U.S. Climate Reference Network Precipitation Data to the Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM)
Authors: Buban Michael S. , Lee Temple R. , Baker C. Bruce 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince drought and excessive rainfall can have significant socioeconomic impacts, it is important to have accurate high-resolution gridded datasets that can help improve analysis and forecasting of these conditions. One such widely used dataset is the Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM). PRISM uses a digital elevation model (DEM) to obtain gridded elevation analyses and then uses a regression analysis along with approximately 15 000 surface precipitation measurements to produce a 4-km resolution daily precipitation product over the conterminous United States. The U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) consists of 114 stations that take highly accurate meteorological measurements across all regions of the United States. A comparison between the USCRN and PRISM was performed using data from 2006 to 2018. There were good comparisons between the two datasets across nearly all seasons and regions; most mean daily differences were <1 mm, with most absolute daily differences ~5 mm. The most general characteristics were for a net dry bias in the PRISM data in the Southwest and a net moist bias in the southern United States. Verifying the PRISM dataset provides us with confidence it can be used with estimates of evapotranspiration, high-resolution gridded soil properties, and vegetation datasets to produce a daily gridded soil moisture product for operational use in the analyses and prediction of drought and excessive soil moisture conditions.
Sialendoscopy in Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis Without Sialolithiasis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Plonowska Karolina A. , Ochoa Edgar , Ryan William R. , Chang Jolie L. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate long‐term chronic sialadenitis symptoms in patients without sialolithiasis following sialendoscopy‐assisted salivary duct surgery (SASDS) compared to a control group managed conservatively.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary care center.MethodsThirty‐six patients (52 glands) with chronic sialadenitis without sialolithiasis completed the Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis Symptoms (COSS) questionnaire at presentation and at 3‐month time intervals thereafter for 1 year. Lower COSS scores represent lower symptom severity. We compared 27 patients who underwent SASDS to 9 control patients who elected conservative management.ResultsCOSS gland‐specific scores from 38 SASDS‐treated glands (cases) and 14 control glands were similar at baseline. At 6 to 12 months (mean, 8.4 months), the surgically treated group had significantly lower scores and a greater score reduction from baseline compared to controls (mean score change [95% confidence interval] cases: 20.7 points [15.7‐25.8]; controls: 11.7 points [4.9‐18.4]; P =. 04). There was a significant difference in scores between the 2 groups over time (P <. 001). A greater proportion (72%) of cases reported partial or complete resolution of overall sialadenitis symptoms at 6 to 12 months compared to the controls (22%, P <. 05).ConclusionCompared to patients electing for conservative management, patients with sialadenitis without sialolithasis treated with SASDS had improved symptom scores and a greater reduction of symptom severity after 6 months. With SASDS, patients had higher rates of significant overall symptom improvement. In evaluating chronic sialadenitis, assessment at multiple time points is necessary to capture the intermittent and cyclical pattern of obstructive symptoms.
Pectoralis Major Onlay vs Interpositional Reconstruction Fistulation After Salvage Total Laryngectomy: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Cabrera Claudia I. , Joseph Jones Alexander , Philleo Parker Noah , Emily Lynn Blevins Amy , Weidenbecher Mark S. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the difference in pharygocutaneous fistula (PCF) development between pectoralis major flap onlay and interpositional reconstructions after salvage total laryngectomy (STL).Data SourcesMedline, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov.Review MethodsA systematic review was performed during January 2020. English articles were included that described minor and major PCF rates after STL reconstructed with pectoralis major onlay or interposition. PCFs were classified as major when conservative therapy was unsuccessful and/or revision surgery was needed. Articles describing total laryngopharyngectomies were excluded. Meta‐analyses of the resulting data were performed.ResultsTwenty‐four articles met final criteria amassing 1304 patients. Three articles compared onlay with interposition, and 18 compared onlay with primary closure. Pectoralis interposition demonstrated elevated odds ratio (OR) of PCF formation as compared with onlay (OR, 2.34; P <. 001). Onlay reconstruction reduced overall (OR, 0.32; P <. 001) and major (OR, 0.21; P <. 001) PCF development as compared with primary pharyngeal closure alone. Data were insufficient to compare interposition against primary closure.ConclusionsThis research shows evidence that pectoralis onlay after STL diminishes the odds of total and major PCF development. Pectoralis interposition reconstruction showed elevated odds of PCF formation as compared with pectoralis onlay.
Strength-Based Flourishing Intervention to Promote Resilience in Individuals With Physical Disabilities in Disadvantaged Communities: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bu He , Duan Wenjie 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The current study developed a strength-based flourishing intervention (SFI) and examined its efficacy on fostering the resilience of people with physical disabilities in poor areas, using a randomized (1:1) parallel-group controlled, and single-blind trial. Method: A total of 51 participants ( M age = 42.16, standard deviation = 8.42; 43.14% males; 29 for the intervention group, whereas 22 for the control group) completed preintervention, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up tests. Results: The 2 × 3 mixed repeated measure analyses and post hoc analyses revealed a significant main group effect ( F = 4.46, p = .04) and a short-term effect (i.e., 3 month; F = 6.35, p = .02) of the SFI. The results indicated that the SFI could significantly promote resilience in the intervention group. However, the effects of the intervention did not immediately appear. Discussion: The SFI could assist in providing research-based and cost-effective health services to promote flourishing and resilience in vulnerable populations.
Heplisav-B: A Hepatitis B Vaccine With a Novel Adjuvant
Authors: Champion Caroline R. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To review the immunogenicity and safety of a hepatitis B vaccine containing the cytosine phosphoguanosine (CpG) 1018 adjuvant (HepB-CpG). Data Sources: Literature searches were performed using PubMed and Scopus with the search terms hepatitis B vaccine, HepB-CpG, CpG 1018, 1018-ISS, HBsAg-1018, HBV-ISS, and Heplisav. Other sources included the Centers for Disease Control, the Food and Drug Administration, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), and prescribing information. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Search limits included randomized controlled trial in humans and published in English from January 2003 to August 2020. Studies using the final formulation and dosing schedule were reviewed. Data Synthesis: Studies demonstrated that 2 doses of HepB-CpG induced significantly higher seroprotective responses with a faster onset in adults, including those in hyporesponsive populations, compared with 3 doses of alum-adjuvanted Engerix-B. Although the safety profile was comparable to that of Engerix-B, one study observed higher rates of acute myocardial infarction, herpes zoster, and death with HepB-CpG. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: ACIP recommends use of HepB-CpG as an option to prevent hepatitis B virus infection in adults ≥18 years old. Higher immune responses after 2 doses make it a promising option, especially in those with risk factors for hyporesponsiveness or at risk for poor adherence to vaccine series completion. Additional data are needed regarding the vaccine’s safety in the general population and the persistence of its antibody response. Conclusion: HepB-CpG has been shown to be as immunogenic as Engerix-B; however, long-term safety and persistence of immune memory has yet to be established.
Feasibility of Treatment Planning System in Localizing the COVID-19 Pneumonia Lesions and Evaluation of Volume Indices of Lung Involvement
Authors: Ghahramani-Asl Ruhollah , Porouhan Pejman , Mehrpouyan Mohammad , Welsh James S. , Calabrese Edward J. , Kapoor Rachna , Dhawan Gaurav , Javadinia Seyed Alireza 
Published: September 2020

Background and purpose: To assess the feasibility of a treatment planning system in localizing, contouring, and targeting lung lesions along with an evaluation of volume indices of lung involvement in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: We evaluated 10 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. The CT images were imported into the ISOgray® treatment planning system to anatomically define and contour the volumes of the pulmonary lesions, the lungs, and other nearby organs. Results: The ratio of lung lesion volume to lung volume in this study was 0.11 ± 0.13 (11.13%). The highest mean biosynthesis ratio of lung lesions was 0.36. The ratio of lesion volume in the left lung of patients with the highest volume of involvement, was 0.44, and the ratio of lesion volume in the right lung of these patients was 0.27 (approximately 1.5 times more in the left lung than the right lung). On average, CTDIvol and DLP for all patients studied in our study were 11.22 ± 2.47 mGy and 354.20 ± 65.11 mGy.cm Conclusion: We reported the feasibility of using a treatment planning system in localizing COVID-19 pulmonary lesions and its validity in the volumetric assessment of infected lung regions.