bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term outcome of intraventricular conduction delays in the general population
Authors: Rankinen Jani , Haataja Petri , Lyytikäinen Leo‐Pekka , Huhtala Heini , Lehtimäki Terho , Kähönen Mika , Eskola Markku , Pérez‐Riera Andrés Ricardo , Jula Antti , Rissanen Harri , Nikus Kjell , Hernesniemi Jussi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious population studies have presented conflicting results regarding the prognostic impact of intraventricular conduction delays (IVCD).MethodsWe studied long‐term prognostic impact and the association with comorbidities of eight IVCDs in a random sample of 6,299 Finnish subjects (2,857 men and 3,442 women, mean age 52.8, SD 14.9 years) aged 30 or over who participated in the health examination including 12‐lead ECG. For left bundle branch block (LBBB) and non‐specific IVCD (NSIVCD), two different definitions were used.ResultsDuring 16.5 years’ follow‐up, 1,309 of the 6,299 subjects (20.8%) died and of these 655 (10.4%) were cardiovascular (CV) deaths. After controlling for known clinical risk factors, the hazard ratio for CV death, compared with individuals without IVCD, was 1.55 for the Minnesota definition of LBBB (95% confidence interval 1.04–2.31, p = .032) and 1.27 (95% confidence interval 0.80–2.02, p = .308) for the Strauss’ definition of LBBB. Subjects with NSIVCD were associated with twofold to threefold increase in CV mortality depending on the definition. While right bundle branch block, left anterior fascicular block and incomplete bundle branch blocks were associated with seemingly higher mortality, this was no longer the case after adjustment for age and sex. The presence of R‐R’ pattern was not associated with any adverse outcome.ConclusionsIn a population study with long‐term follow‐up, NSIVCD and Minnesota definition of LBBB were independently associated with CV mortality. Other IVCDs had no significant impact on prognosis. The prognostic impact of LBBB and NSIVCD was affected by the definition of the conduction disorder.
Inactivation of HIF‐prolyl 4‐hydroxylases 1, 2 and 3 in NG2‐expressing cells induces HIF2‐mediated neurovascular expansion independent of erythropoietin
Authors: Urrutia Andrés A. , Guan Nan , Mesa‐Ciller Claudia , Afzal Aqeela , Davidoff Olena , Haase Volker H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimNG2 cells in the brain are comprised of pericytes and NG2 glia and play an important role in the execution of cerebral hypoxia responses, including the induction of erythropoietin (EPO) in pericytes. Oxygen‐dependent angiogenic responses are regulated by hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF), the activity of which is controlled by prolyl 4‐hydroxylase domain (PHD) dioxygenases and the von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor. However, the role of NG2 cells in HIF‐regulated cerebral vascular homeostasis is incompletely understood.MethodsTo examine the HIF/PHD/VHL axis in neurovascular homeostasis, we used a Cre‐loxP‐based genetic approach in mice and targeted Vhl, Epo, Phd1, Phd2, Phd3 and Hif2a in NG2 cells. Cerebral vasculature was assessed by immunofluorescence, RNA in situ hybridization, gene and protein expression analysis, gel zymography and in situ zymography.ResultsVhl inactivation led to a significant increase in angiogenic gene and Epo expression. This was associated with EPO‐independent expansion of capillary networks in cortex, striatum and hypothalamus, as well as pericyte proliferation. A comparable phenotype resulted from the combined inactivation of Phd2 and Phd3, but not from Phd2 inactivation alone. Concomitant PHD1 function loss led to further expansion of the neurovasculature. Genetic inactivation of Hif2a in Phd1/Phd2/Phd3 triple mutant mice resulted in normal cerebral vasculature.ConclusionOur studies establish (a) that HIF2 activation in NG2 cells promotes neurovascular expansion and remodelling independently of EPO, (b) that HIF2 activity in NG2 cells is co‐controlled by PHD2 and PHD3 and (c) that PHD1 modulates HIF2 transcriptional responses when PHD2 and PHD3 are inactive.
The role of semi‐open habitats as dispersal corridors for plant species of woodlands and open habitats
Authors: Travers Eliane , Pitz Witja Till , Fichtner Andreas , Matthies Diethart , Härdtle Werner 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuestionsEuropean pasture landscapes have been shaped by grazing and alternate husbandry. They are structurally characterised by mosaics of open habitat patches, individual trees and groups of trees or shrubs. We investigated whether these semi‐open habitats may act as stepping stones and thus as dispersal corridors for both plants from woodlands and open habitats to mitigate habitat fragmentation effects. We (a) contrasted the plant communities in semi‐open habitats with those of woodlands and open habitats, and (b) explored which life‐history traits or environmental requirements are associated with the presence or absence of species in semi‐open habitats.LocationSwabian Jura, South Germany; Lueneburg Heath, North Germany.MethodsWe selected four study sites in two contrasting landscapes and conducted vegetation surveys and analysed canopy closure and soil chemical properties in four different habitat types: woodlands, semi‐open habitats with high and low canopy closure and open habitats. We tested whether habitat type affected species composition, identified habitat‐specific indicator species and compared Ellenberg indicator values for light and moisture and species’ dispersal and establishment traits across these habitat types.ResultsPlant communities of woodlands were significantly different from those of all other habitat types, whereas open habitats showed some similarities to semi‐open habitats. On average, 73% of open habitat and 39% of woodland species were present in semi‐open habitats. Habitat requirements as well as dispersal and establishment traits of woodland species were often more specialised and differed from those of species of the other habitat types, making them less capable to disperse into semi‐open habitats.ConclusionsSemi‐open corridors have the potential to connect patches of open habitats and to a lesser extent also of woodlands without creating new barriers for either habitat type. Thus, semi‐open corridors may counteract habitat fragmentation effects and are a promising tool for biodiversity conservation, particularly in fragmented pasture landscapes.
Personality factors and vulnerability to post‐traumatic stress responses after childbirth
Authors: Price Lisa , Centifanti Luna , Slade Pauline 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate whether levels of perfectionism, organization, and intolerance of uncertainty predispose women to more negative birth experiences and post‐partum post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Birth experience was also examined as a potential moderator of the relationship between levels of the personality traits and post‐natal PTSS.DesignProspective survey.MethodFirst‐time expectant mothers (N = 10,000) were contacted via Emma’s Diary during the perinatal period. At 32–42 weeks’ gestation, participants completed measures examining the three personality traits and prenatal mood. At 6–12 weeks’ post‐partum, instruments assessing childbirth experience, birth trauma, PTSS, and post‐natal mood were completed. Data from 418 women were analysed.ResultsHigher perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty were associated with more negative birth appraisals and PTSS. Organization was unrelated to birth experience or PTSS. In a regression, higher intolerance of uncertainty and perfectionism statistically predicted more negative birth appraisals. Only perfectionism predicted PTSS. Birth experience did not moderate the relationship between perfectionism or intolerance of uncertainty and PTSS.ConclusionsPersonality risk factors for negative birth experiences and post‐natal PTSS are identifiable prenatally. Maternity care providers could educate women about the unique roles of high perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty during antenatal birth preparation.Practitioner points

Women who expect themselves to be more perfect or who find it more difficult to cope with uncertainty had more negative experiences of childbirth.

Women with higher levels of perfectionism were more likely to experience more symptoms of post‐traumatic stress during the early post‐natal period.

Being more perfectionistic continued to have a more negative effect on women’s well‐being after birth, regardless of whether they had a positive or negative experience of birth.

Integrating these findings into antenatal discussion around birth preferences would increase women’s awareness of predisposing and obstetric risk factors that partially explain experiences of unsatisfactory births and post‐partum post‐traumatic stress.
Short‐term grazing exclusion does not effectively restore degraded rangeland in the Junggar desert of Xinjiang, China
Authors: Wu Ke , Xu Wenxuan , Yang Weikang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExclosure is a simple and effective rangeland restoration approach, which is widely used in China, and is conducive to the recovery of degraded vegetation and soil. Plant and soil properties in a desert steppe on the southeastern edge of the Junggar basin after 6 and 16 years of grazing exclusion were measured and compared with open grazing lands. The results showed that vegetation cover increased with exclosure time, while the abundance decreased over time; the species richness, diversity, and evenness indexes of the annual plants decreased after 6 years of grazing exclusion and recovered after 16 years of grazing exclusion. The soil was significantly restored during the 16‐year exclosure period because soil fertility increased and soil pH decreased; however, the soil was not effectively restored after 6 years of exclosure because the soil pH had increased and soil organic matter and total nitrogen had decreased, even though available nutrients and total phosphorus had significantly increased. Therefore, these results were contrary to previous studies, which reported that rangeland can be restored by a short‐term exclusion system in this region, and that grazing exclosures should be established and widely used in degraded rangelands to restore the vegetation and soil. Long‐term exclosure to improve soil and vegetation conditions is crucial if the restoration and sustainable use of the rangeland in the Junggar desert are to be promoted.
Migraine as a Cortical Brain Disorder
Authors: Barbanti Piero , Brighina Filippo , Egeo Gabriella , Di Stefano Vincenzo , Silvestro Marcello , Russo Antonio 
Published: August 2020

PurposeMigraine is an exclusively human chronic disorder with ictal manifestations characterized by a multifaceted clinical complexity pointing to a cerebral cortical involvement. The present review is aimed to cover the clinical, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological literature on the role of the cerebral cortex in migraine pathophysiology.OverviewConverging clinical scenarios, advanced neuroimaging data, and experimental neurophysiological findings, indicate that fluctuating excitability, plasticity, and metabolism of cortical neurons represent the pathophysiological substrate of the migraine cycle. Abnormal cortical responsivity and sensory processing coupled to a mismatch between the brain’s energy reserve and workload may ignite the trigeminovascular system, leading to the migraine attack through the activation of subcortical brain trigeminal and extra‐trigeminal structures, and driving its propagation and maintenance.DiscussionThe brain cortex emerges as the crucial player in migraine, a disorder lying at the intersection between neuroscience and daily life. Migraine disorder stems from an imbalance in inhibitory/excitatory cortical circuits, responsible for functional changes in the activity of different cortical brain regions encompassing the neurolimbic‐pain network, and secondarily allowing a demodulation of subcortical areas, such as hypothalamus, amygdala, and brainstem nuclei, in a continuous mutual crosstalk.
Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in congenital pulmonary airway malformation: clinicopathological analysis of 37 cases
Authors: Chang Wei‐Chin , Zhang Yu Zhi , Wolf Janina L , Hermelijn Sergei M , Schnater J Marco , von der Thüsen Jan H , Rice Alexandra , Lantuejoul Sylvie , Mastroianni Bénédicte , Farver Carol , Black Fiona , Popat Sanjay , Nicholson Andrew G 
Published: August 2020

AimsMucinous adenocarcinoma arising in congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is a rare complication, with little being known about its natural course. The aims of this article are to describe a series of mucinous adenocarcinomas arising from CPAMs, and present their clinicopathological features, genetics, and clinical outcome.Methods and resultsThirty‐seven cases were collected within a 34‐year period, and the subtype of adenocarcinoma and CPAM, tumour location, stage, growth patterns, molecular data and follow‐up were recorded. The cohort comprised CPAM type 1 (n = 33) and CPAM type 2 (n = 4). Morphologically, 34 cases were mucinous adenocarcinomas (21 in situ; 13 invasive), and three were mixed mucinous and non‐mucinous adenocarcinoma. Seventeen cases showed purely extracystic (intra‐alveolar) adenocarcinoma, 15 were mixed intracystic and extracystic, and five showed purely intracystic proliferation. Genetically, nine of 10 cases tested positive for KRAS mutations, four with exon 2 G12V mutation and five with exon 2 G12D mutation. Residual disease on completion lobectomy was observed in two cases, and three cases recurred 7, 15 and 32 years after the original diagnosis. Two patients died of metastatic invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma.ConclusionsMost adenocarcinoma that arise in type 1 CPAMs, are purely mucinous, and are early‐stage disease. Intracystic proliferation is associated with lepidic growth, an absence of invasion, and indolent behaviour, whereas extracystic proliferation may be associated with more aggressive behaviour and advanced stage. Most cases are cured by lobectomy, and recurrence/residual disease seems to be associated with limited surgery. Long‐term follow‐up is needed, as recurrence can occur decades later.
Ovarian seromucinous cystadenomas and adenofibromas: first report of a case series
Authors: Ben‐Mussa Ali , McCluggage W Glenn 
Published: August 2020

AimsTo report a series of benign ovarian seromucinous neoplasms, an uncommon and hitherto poorly described category of tumours included in the current 2014 World Health Organisation classification of tumours of the female reproductive organs.Methods and resultsWe report the clinicopathological features of a series of 22 benign ovarian seromucinous neoplasms (cystadenomas and adenofibromas or admixtures). The neoplasms occurred in patients aged 32–83 years (mean = 62, median = 65.5) and involved the left ovary (n = 14), the right ovary (n = 6) or both ovaries (n = 2). There was a common association with endometrioid elements (endometrioid differentiation within the cystadenoma/adenofibroma and/or endometriosis) and other endometriosis‐associated neoplasms.ConclusionsWe speculate that some of these represent benign ovarian endometrioid neoplasms with foci of mucinous and/or serous differentiation, while others represent true mixed neoplasms.
MicroRNA‐7 negatively regulates Toll‐like receptor 4 signaling pathway through FAM177A
Authors: Chen Huizi , Guo Mengmeng , Yue Dongxu , Zhao Juanjuan , Zhou Ya , Chen Chao , Liang Guiyou , Xu Lin 
Published: August 2020

SummaryToll‐like receptor (TLR) 4 signalling is critical for innate immunoinflammatory response and widely triggers the development of various types of clinical diseases. MicroRNA‐7 (miR‐7) is well documented to play an important regulatory role in various biological events. However, the exact role of miR‐7 in TLR4 signalling pathway remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we found that miR‐7 expression in TLR4 signalling‐activated bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) stimulated by LPS was dramatically increased. Importantly, miR‐7 deficiency significantly enhanced the production of related inflammatory cytokines including IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐12, as well as TNF‐α, on LPS‐activated BMDMs, accompanied by elevated transduction of TLR4 signalling including Myd88‐dependent and Myd88‐independent pathways, whereas miR‐7 overexpression significantly decreased the transduction of TLR4 signalling and the production of related inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, we identified family with sequence similarity 177, member A (FAM177A) as a novel target molecule of miR‐7. Furthermore, down‐regulation of FAM177A using RNAi could impair the transduction of TLR4 signalling. Finally, down‐regulation of FAM177A also reversed the effect of miR‐7 deficiency on TLR4 signalling transduction and production of related inflammatory cytokines on BMDMs. Therefore, we provide the new evidence that miR‐7 acts as a novel negative fine‐tuner in regulating TLR4 signalling pathways by targeting FAM177A, which might throw light on the basal understanding on the regulatory mechanism of TLR4 signalling and benefit the development of therapeutic strategies against related clinical diseases.
Cepheid Xpert® Flu/RSV and Seegene Allplex™ RP1 show high diagnostic agreement for the detection of influenza A/B and respiratory syncytial viruses in clinical practice
Authors: Wabe Nasir , Lindeman Robert , Post Jeffrey J. , Rawlinson William , Miao Melissa , Westbrook Johanna I. , Georgiou Andrew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMolecular assays based on reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) provide reliable results for the detection of respiratory pathogens, although diagnostic agreement varies. This study determined the agreement between the RT‐PCR assays (Xpert® Flu/RSV vs Allplex™ RP1) in detecting influenza A, influenza B, and respiratory syncytial viruses (RSVs) in clinical practice.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 914 patient encounters where testing with both Xpert® Flu/RSV and Allplex™ RP1 was undertaken between October 2015 and September 2019 in seven hospitals across New South Wales, Australia. The diagnostic agreement of the two assays was evaluated using positive percent agreement, negative percent agreement, and prevalence and bias‐adjusted kappa.ResultsThe positive percent agreement was 95.1% for influenza A, 87.5% for influenza B, and 77.8% for RSV. The negative percent agreement was 99.4% for influenza A, 99.9% for influenza B, and 100% for RSV. The prevalence and bias‐adjusted kappa was 0.98 for influenza A, 0.99 for influenza B, and 0.97 for RSV. In a sensitivity analysis, the positive percent agreement values were significantly higher during the non‐influenza season than the influenza season for influenza B and RSV.ConclusionsThe Xpert® Flu/RSV and Allplex™ RP1 demonstrated a high diagnostic agreement for all three viruses assessed. The seasonal variation in the positive percent agreement of the two assays for influenza B and RSV may have been due to lower numbers assessed, variability in the virology of infections outside the peak season, or changes in the physiology of the infected host in different seasons.
Adrenal artery ablation for primary aldosteronism without apparent aldosteronoma: An efficacy and safety, proof‐of‐principle trial
Authors: Zhang Hexuan , Li Qiang , Liu Xiaoli , Zhao Zhigang , He Hongbo , Sun Fang , Hong Yangning , Zhou Xunmei , Li Yingsha , Shen Rufei , Bu Xiaona , Yan Zhencheng , Zheng Hongting , Yang Gangyi , Zhu Zhiming ,   Chongqing Endocrine Hypertension Collaborative Team
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with resistant hypertension and cardiovascular events. There are some limitations of current medical and surgical therapies for PA. To determine the efficacy and safety of catheter‐based adrenal artery ablation for treatment of PA patients who refused both surgery and medical therapy, we performed this prospective cohort study. Thirty‐six PA patients without apparent aldosteronoma were treated by adrenal artery ablation. Primary outcome was postoperative blood pressure and defined daily dose (DDD) of antihypertensive medications after adrenal ablation. Secondary outcome was biochemical success. We assessed outcomes based on Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome (PASO) criteria. Adrenal CT scan, biochemical evaluation, adrenal artery ablation and adrenal venous sampling (AVS) were underwent. After adrenal ablation, complete clinical success (normotension without antihypertensive medication) was achieved in 9/36 (25.0%) patients and partial clinical success (reduction in blood pressure or less antihypertensive medication) in 13/36 (36.1%) patients. Complete biochemical success (correction of hypokalemia and normalization of aldosterone‐to‐renin ratio) was achieved in 16/36 (44.4%) patients. Office‐based and ambulatory blood pressures were reduced by 17/7 and 11/2 mmHg at 6 months after ablation, respectively. The plasma cortisol level in the ablation group decreased slightly, but no patient developed hypoadrenocorticism. Catheter‐based adrenal ablation appears to produce substantial and sustained blood pressure reduction and biochemical improvement, with only minor adverse events in PA patients without apparent aldosteronoma. This therapy could be an important supplement for current PA treatments.
Statistical Theory and Assessment Practice
Authors: Haberman Shelby J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExamples of the impact of statistical theory on assessment practice are provided from the perspective of a statistician trained in theoretical statistics who began to work on assessments. Goodness of fit of item‐response models is examined in terms of restricted likelihood‐ratio tests and generalized residuals. Minimum discriminant information adjustment is used for linking with no anchors or problematic anchors and for repeater analysis. Assessment issues are examined in cases in which the number of parameters is large relative to the number of observations.
A stereolithographic template for computer‐assisted teeth preparation in dental esthetic ceramic veneer treatment
Authors: Gao Jing , Li Junying , Liu Chunxu , Fan Lin , Yu Jiayi , Yu Haiyang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis article describes a digital dental esthetic ceramic veneer treatment workflow using a stereolithographic template for teeth preparation.Clinical ConsiderationsWe have presented the case of a 33‐year‐old woman with dental fluorosis who wanted an esthetic ceramic veneer treatment. A digital smile design was created on a virtual patient, and a virtual diagnostic wax‐up was made. Based on the suggested ceramic material thickness, virtual teeth preparation was performed on the diagnostic wax‐up. A special‐teeth preparation template was then created digitally and fabricated using a stereolithographic technique. This template guided the teeth preparation using a special bur with a stopper. The veneers were fabricated by CAD/CAM and delivered good esthetics and function.ConclusionsThe stereolithographic tooth reduction template helps realize digital restorative planning. It provides better control of the reduction depth of the labial and incisal preparation, making the operation simpler.Clinical significanceThe digital dental esthetic ceramic veneer treatment workflow described here using a stereolithographic template for teeth preparation helped with the accurate control of reduction depth for minimally invasive teeth preparation, making the operation simpler, which is a significant improvement over the previous methods.