bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextualizing and pilot testing the Mental Health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG) to primary healthcare workers in Kilifi, Kenya
Authors: Bitta Mary A. , Kariuki Symon M. , Omar Anisa , Nasoro Leonard , Njeri Monica , Kiambu Cyprian , Ongeri Linnet , Newton Charles R. J. C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Little data exists about the methodology of contextualizing version two of the Mental Health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG) in resource-poor settings. This paper describes the contextualisation and pilot testing of the guide in Kilifi, Kenya.

Methods
Contextualisation was conducted as a collaboration between the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP) and Kilifi County Government's Department of Health (KCGH) between 2016 and 2018. It adapted a mixed-method design and involved a situational analysis, stakeholder engagement, local adaptation and pilot testing of the adapted guide. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis to identify key facilitators and barriers to the implementation process. Pre- and post-training scores of the adapted guide were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results
Human resource for mental health in Kilifi is strained with limited infrastructure and outdated legislation. Barriers to implementation included few specialists for referral, unreliable drug supply, difficulty in translating the guide to Kiswahili language, lack of clarity of the roles of KWTRP and KCGH in the implementation process and the unwillingness of the biomedical practitioners to collaborate with traditional health practitioners to enhance referrals to hospital. In the adaptation process, stakeholders recommended the exclusion of child and adolescent mental and behavioural problems, as well as dementia modules from the final version of the guide. Pilot testing of the adapted guide showed a significant improvement in the post-training scores: 66.3% (95% CI 62.4–70.8) v. 76.6% (95% CI 71.6–79.2) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The adapted mhGAP-IG version two can be used across coastal Kenya to train primary healthcare providers. However, successful implementation in Kilifi will require a review of new evidence on the burden of disease, improvements in the mental health system and sustained dialogue among stakeholders.
Consuming decaffeinated coffee with milk and sugar added before a high-glycaemic index meal improves postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in healthy adults
Authors: Wong Tommy H. T. , Wan Jennifer M. F. , Tse Iris M. Y. , Sit W. H. , Louie Jimmy C. Y. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to compare the effects of drinking different types of coffee before a high-glycaemic index (GI) meal on postprandial glucose metabolism and to assess the effects of adding milk and sugar into coffee. In this randomised, crossover, acute feeding study, apparently healthy adults (n21) consumed the test drink followed by a high-GI meal in each session. Different types of coffee (espresso, instant, boiled and decaffeinated, all with milk and sugar) and plain water were tested in separate sessions, while a subset of the participants (n10) completed extra sessions using black coffees. Postprandial levels of glucose, insulin, active glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and nitrotyrosine between different test drinks were compared using linear mixed models. Results showed that only preloading decaffeinated coffee with milk and sugar led to significantly lower glucose incremental AUC (iAUC; 14 % lower,P= 0·001) than water. Preloading black coffees led to greater postprandial glucose iAUC than preloading coffees with milk and sugar added (12–35 % smaller,P< 0·05 for all coffee types). Active GLP-1 and nitrotyrosine levels were not significantly different between test drinks. To conclude, preloading decaffeinated coffee with milk and sugar led to a blunted postprandial glycaemic response after a subsequent high-GI meal, while adding milk and sugar into coffee could mitigate the impairment effect of black coffee towards postprandial glucose responses. These findings may partly explain the positive effects of coffee consumption on glucose metabolism.
Explaining Variation in Oil Sands Pipeline Projects
Authors: Janzwood Amy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile the vast majority of oil pipeline projects in Canada have been successfully built, several mega oil sands projects within and passing through Canada have been cancelled or significantly delayed. This article explains why these delays and cancellations have occurred. A systematic cross-case analysis is used to provide insight into the changing politics of oil sands pipelines. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is used to identify combinations of causal conditions that co-occur across cases of proposed new oil pipelines and pipeline expansion projects. The pipeline projects were proposed to the federal regulator—the National Energy Board—between 2006 and 2014. The QCA reveals that social mobilization and major regulatory barrier(s) are necessary conditions in explaining variation in pipeline project outcomes. The analysis of sufficiency reveals more complex configurations of conditions. This article contributes to the literature on the politics of oil sands pipelines by using a comparative approach to identify the impacts of socio-political and legal dynamics that have emerged around pipelines in the last 15 years.
Large trilobites in a stress-free Early Ordovician environment
Authors: Saleh Farid , Vidal Muriel , Laibl Lukáš , Sansjofre Pierre , Gueriau Pierre , Pérez-Peris Francesc , Lustri Lorenzo , Lucas Victoire , Lefebvre Bertrand , Pittet Bernard , El Hariri Khadija , Daley Allison C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding variations in body size is essential for deciphering the response of an organism to its surrounding environmental conditions and its ecological adaptations. In modern environments, large marine animals are mostly found in cold waters. However, numerous parameters can influence body-size variations other than temperatures, such as oxygenation, nutrient availability, predation or physical disturbances by storms. Here, we investigate trilobite size variations in the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Shale deposited in a cold-water environment. Trilobite assemblages dominated by small- to normal-sized specimens that are a few centimetres in length are found in proximal and intermediate settings, while those comprising larger taxa more than 20 cm in length are found in the most distal environment of the Fezouata Shale. Drill core material from distal settings shows that sedimentary rocks hosting large trilobites preservedin situare extensively bioturbated with a high diversity of trace fossils, indicating that oxygen and nutrients were available in this environment. In intermediate and shallow settings, bioturbation is less extensive and shallower in depth. The rarity of storm events (minimal physical disturbance) and the lack of predators in deep environments in comparison to shallower settings would also have helped trilobites attain larger body sizes. This highly resolved spatial study investigating the effects of numerous biotic and abiotic parameters on body size has wider implications for the understanding of size fluctuations over geological time.
The impact of preschool attendance on children's bidialectism in The Netherlands: Why toddlers may stop speaking a regional language (Limburgish) at home
Authors: Cornips Leonie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the question as to why toddlers in The Netherlands may stop speaking their regional language—Limburgish—as their home language after entering preschool, even when both parents speak Limburgish at home. The question is addressed through the concept of thetotal linguistic fact(Silverstein 1985): language ideology, language choice, and language practices mutually shape and inform each other. Language ideologies in wider society impact educational practices in preschool. Hierarchical teacher-child and influential peer interactions show the negative effects of speaking Limburgish. Preschool language socialization practices have a profound effect on language choice and shift by toddlers at home who are still in the midst of their linguistic, pragmatic, cognitive, and social development of both Limburgish and Dutch as first languages. (Regional language, language ideology, preschool)
Doing ‘being interrupted’ in political talk
Authors: Baffy Marta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article examines the questioning of US Attorney General Jeff Sessions by Senators Angus King and Kamala Harris during a congressional hearing. Analyses of the two exchanges, grounded in conversation analytic (CA) methodology, reveal that simultaneous and near-simultaneous talk initiated by the senators is pervasive in both exchanges. However, Sessions does ‘being interrupted’ (Hutchby 1996; Bilmes 1997)—that is, displays an orientation toward his interlocutors’ turns as a violation of his speaking rights—three times more often when he is questioned by Harris rather than King. The discrepancy in Sessions’ handling of the senators’ turns may explain why Harris is sanctioned by two colleagues during her questioning and why commentators have characterized her as aggressive and interruptive, while at the same time lauding (or ignoring) King. These findings ultimately suggest that doing being interrupted may influence how others perceive an interaction and those participating in it.(Institutional discourse, interruption, latching, overlap, political discourse)
Back-projection of COVID-19 diagnosis counts to assess infection incidence and control measures: analysis of Australian data
Authors: Marschner I. C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBack-projection is an epidemiological analysis method that was developed to estimate HIV incidence using surveillance data on AIDS diagnoses. It was used extensively during the 1990s for this purpose as well as in other epidemiological contexts. Surveillance data on COVID-19 diagnoses can be analysed by the method of back-projection using information about the probability distribution of the time between infection and diagnosis, which is primarily determined by the incubation period. This paper demonstrates the value of such analyses using daily diagnoses from Australia. It is shown how back-projection can be used to assess the pattern of COVID-19 infection incidence over time and to assess the impact of control measures by investigating their temporal association with changes in incidence patterns. For Australia, these analyses reveal that peak infection incidence coincided with the introduction of border closures and social distancing restrictions, while the introduction of subsequent social distancing measures coincided with a continuing decline in incidence to very low levels. These associations were not directly discernible from the daily diagnosis counts, which continued to increase after the first stage of control measures. It is estimated that a one week delay in peak incidence would have led to a fivefold increase in total infections. Furthermore, at the height of the outbreak, half to three-quarters of all infections remained undiagnosed. Automated data analytics of routinely collected surveillance data are a valuable monitoring tool for the COVID-19 pandemic and may be useful for calibrating transmission dynamics models.
Predictors and consequences of individual differences in cross-linguistic interactions: A model of second language reading skill
Authors: Yamasaki Brianna L. , Prat Chantel S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that individual differences in conflict management predict second-language (L2) reading skill. The current experiment tested the hypothesis that this relation reflects the need to manage conflict from cross-linguistic interactions (CLI). A novel model specifying the relation between L2 reading skill, CLI, and the predictors of such interactions was tested in 253 L2 English speaking adults, using structural equation modeling. In support of the hypothesis, the findings revealed that stronger CLI was related to poorer L2 reading skill. In addition, variability in non-linguistic conflict management, as measured by executive attention tasks, and relative language dominance reliably predicted CLI. Specifically, better conflict management and lower L1 dominance corresponded to fewer interactions. These results fill a crucial gap by demonstrating for the first time that the ability to manage CLI is critical to L2 reading, and that both cognitive skills and language experience contribute to variability in these interactions.
Influence of establishment timing on growth and fecundity of two itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) biotypes grown in Louisiana
Authors: Spaunhorst Douglas J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractItchgrass [Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton] is among the most troublesome weeds in subtropical climates where sugarcane (Saccharum spp. interspecific hybrids) is cultivated. Two R. cochinchinensis biotypes commonly infest sugarcane in Louisiana. The Louisiana-1 biotype is daylength neutral, but Louisiana-2 flowered when daylength decreased to 13 h. Coupled with biotype diversity, seedling emergence has been reported to occur earlier in the growing season, as sugarcane emerged from winter dormancy. Both R. cochinchinensis biotypes were established in a common garden experiment in Louisiana during periods of sugarcane development and field preparation to simulate discontinuous emergence. Plant height and raceme production were recorded weekly for each biotype and establishment timing; aboveground biomass was harvested in autumn. Louisiana’s subtropical humid climate stimulated rapid plant growth that typically began in May and persisted through September. Without sugarcane competition, maximum R. cochinchinensis heights for Louisiana-1 and Louisiana-2 were 206 and 179 cm and growing degree days to 20-cm height in 2017 ranged from 546 to 832 and 865 to 1,160, respectively. Slower initial growth reported with Louisiana-2 would allow more time for growers to treat escaped plants with POST herbicides. Total raceme production, by autumn, was zero for Louisiana-2 established in June or later, but Louisiana-1 established in June produced up to 202 racemes. The present study demonstrated the importance of managing the Louisiana-2 biotype in March and April to limit seed production, but fields infested with Louisiana-1 were at greater risk for potential crop yield loss, because plants produced high quantities of seed when established over a wide period of time.
SREIS-D
Authors: Vöhringer Matthias , Schütz Astrid , Gessler Sarah , Schröder-Abé Michela 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung. Emotionale Intelligenz (EI) ist ein zentraler Prädiktor psychischer Gesundheit. Im deutschsprachigen Raum lag bislang keine am Vier-Facetten-Modell der EI orientierte Selbstbeschreibungsskala vor, die an klinischen und nicht-klinischen Gruppen getestet wurde. Die Self-Rated Emotional Intelligence Scale (SREIS) ist mit 19 Items ein ökonomisch einsetzbares Instrument. Die Skala wurde ins Deutsche übertragen und psychometrisch überprüft. Außerdem wurde die SREIS erstmals an einer klinischen Population getestet. Auch werden erstmals differenzierte Ergebnisse zu den vier EI-Facetten vorgelegt. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Faktorenstruktur der englischen Originalskala. Die Reliabilität der Gesamtskala ist als gut einzustufen. Validität wird durch erwartungskonforme Korrelationen mit anderen EI-Maßen sowie klinischen Parametern belegt. Durch Diskriminationsfähigkeit zwischen klinischer Stichprobe und nicht-klinischer Kontrollgruppe zeigt die Skala zusätzlich klinische Relevanz. Skalare Messinvarianz zwischen beiden Gruppen liegt vor. Die SREIS-D ist ein ökonomisch einsetzbares Selbstberichtsmaß zur Erfassung von Facetten der EI im klinischen und subklinischen Bereich.
Aligning Climate Models With Stakeholder Needs: Advances in Communicating Future Rainfall Uncertainties for South Florida Decision Makers
Authors: Infanti Johnna M. , Kirtman Ben P. , Aumen Nicholas G. , Stamm John , Polsky Colin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChanges in future precipitation are of great importance to climate data users in South Florida. A recent U.S. Geological Survey workshop, “Increasing Confidence in Precipitation Projections for Everglades Restoration,” highlighted a gap between standard climate model outputs and the climate information needs of some key Florida natural resource managers. These natural resource managers (hereafter broadly defined as “climate data users”) need more tailored output than is commonly provided by the climate modeling community. This study responds to these user needs by outlining and testing an adaptable methodology to select output from ensemble climate‐model simulations based on user‐defined precipitation drivers, using statistical methods common across scientific disciplines. This methodology is developed to provide a “decision matrix” that guides climate data users to specify the subset of models most important to their work based on each user's season (winter, summer, and annual) and the condition (dry, wet, neutral, and no threshold events) of interest. The decision matrix is intended to better communicate the subset of models best representing precipitation drivers. This information could increase users' confidence in climate models as a resource for natural resource planning and can be used to direct future dynamical downscaling efforts. This methodology is based in dynamical processes controlling precipitation via remote and local teleconnections. We also suggest that future climate studies in South Florida include high‐resolution climate model runs (i.e., ocean eddy resolving) in conjunction with dynamical downscaling to adequately capture precipitation variability.
Temperature‐Dependent Changes in the Normal Albedo of the Lunar Surface at 1,064 nm
Authors: Deutsch Ariel N. , Neumann Gregory A. , Head James W. , Lucey Paul G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver the extreme temperature variations experienced in a single lunar day (∆T ≈ 300 K), particular minerals common to the lunar surface show spectral changes at discrete near‐infrared wavelengths in laboratory settings (Roush & Singer, 1986, 1987, https://10.1111/10.1029/JB091iB10p10301, https://10.1111/10.1016/0019-1035(87)90026-1; Singer & Roush, 1985, https://10.1111/10.1029/JB090iB14p12434). Variations in temperature can cause variations in the size and shape of crystallographic sites, which control the position, shape, and depth of crystal field absorptions. At an observation wavelength of 1,064 nm, the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) should be highly sensitive to temperature‐dependent changes of orthopyroxene. Here we analyze temperature‐dependent spectral changes of the lunar surface as measured from orbit by LOLA. We couple LOLA measurements of normal albedo with measurements of surface temperature from the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment, analyzing the maria and highlands between ±50°. We provide the first evidence of temperature‐dependent spectral changes on the lunar surface from orbital observations, finding that the majority of the surface between ±50° demonstrates a small, yet measurable, negative change in 1,064‐nm albedo with temperature (−∆R/∆T). The measurable effect is on the order of a few percent change in reflectance per ~80 K, indicating that temperature changes do not have a large effect on measurements of albedo at the sensitivity of the LOLA instrument. Stronger −∆R/∆T values tend to be associated with regions with elevated orthopyroxene, and the maria typically have higher levels of orthopyroxene and stronger −∆R/∆T values than the highlands. Our results suggest that single‐wavelength lasers may be powerful tools for understanding the distribution of particular minerals on the lunar surface.
Relative Roles of Eurasian Snow Depth and Sea Surface Temperature in Indian and Korean Summer Monsoons Based on GME Model Simulations
Authors: Panda S. K. , Hong Mi‐Jin , Dash S. K. , Oh Jai‐Ho , Pattnayak K. C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIndian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) are the most important weather systems in India and Korea respectively. The interannual variations of ISM and EASM largely depend on the anomalies of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of Tropical Equtorial Pacific and Indian Ocean and also on the Eurasian Snow Depth/Cover. In this study, the relative roles of these two most important surface boundary conditions on the Indian and Korean monsoons have been examined using the high resolution (40 km) global numerical weather prediction model of German Weather Service (GME). Four sets of experiments were carried out by varying the climatological and observed values of SSTs and snow. This study shows that there is a negative (positive) relationship between the Western (Eastern) Eurasian snow depth and ISMR, whereas a positive (negative) relationship between the Western (Eastern) Eurasian snow depth and Korean monsoon rainfall has been observed. Results show that when observed SST and snow are prescribed to the model as boundary conditions, the simulated winds and rainfall are close to the NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed winds and GPCP rainfall, respectively. This study reveals that the model simulated summer monsoons in Indian and Korean domains are not good enough unless an observed Eurasian snow is prescribed in addition to the observed SST.
Toward Understanding the Simulated Phase Partitioning of Arctic Single‐Layer Mixed‐Phase Clouds in E3SM
Authors: Zhang Meng , Xie Shaocheng , Liu Xiaohong , Lin Wuyin , Zhang Kai , Ma Hsi‐Yen , Zheng Xue , Zhang Yuying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArctic mixed‐phase clouds simulated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1) are found to be overly dominated by supercooled liquid with little ice production. Sensitivity experiments using the short‐term hindcast approach are performed to isolate the impact of several new parameterizations on the simulated mixed‐phase clouds in EAMv1. These include the Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT) ice nucleation scheme, the Cloud Layer Unified By Binormals (CLUBB) parameterization, and the updated Morrison and Gettelman microphysics scheme (MG2). Results are compared to the DOE's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mixed‐Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M‐PACE) observations. It is found that all of these new parameterizations are responsible for the decrease of cloud ice water content in EAMv1 simulated single‐layer mixed‐phase clouds. A budget analysis of detailed cloud microphysical processes suggests that a lack of initial ice particles from ice nucleation or convective detrainment strongly diminishes the cloud ice water content through the subsequent ice mass growth processes. Reduced heterogeneous ice nucleation by CNT at temperatures warmer than −15°C along with negligible ice processes in CLUBB are primarily responsible for the problem. Because the use of MG2 does not impact initial ice formation, the MG2 cloud microphysics is not the primary reason for the underestimate of cloud ice. However, using MG2 leads to a lower total ice mass due to a higher accretion rate of liquid droplets by rain drops and a lower ice mass growth rate.