bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of ACI209R-92 Concrete Shrinkage Model for Partial Replacement of Cement with Fly Ash and Sand with Pond Ash
Authors: Rath Badrinarayan , Deo Shirish , Ramtekkar Gangadhar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA lot of researchers have been committed to studying various mathematical models for forecasting shrinkage strain developed in concrete and have found many computational models. Those models only predict the linear shrinkage of concrete. But volumetric shrinkage gives clear ideas about shrinkage strain produced inside the structure. However, the previous investigation usually focused on the shrinkage of control cement concrete or cement was replaced with one kind of supplementary cementitious material. The influence of multiple supplementary materials as both cement and sand replacement on shrinkage has not been studied, and this is very important in practice for saving cement and sand. In this research, cement has been replaced with fly ash up to 40 % and sand has been replaced with pond ash up to 20 % individually as well as simultaneously. A total of 27 mixes has been prepared by using three water–cement ratios, and the influence of fly ash and pond ash on volumetric shrinkage has been studied. It is found that when cement is replaced with fly ash up to 40 %, the shrinkage of concrete shows 47 % less than the shrinkage result of control concrete. Similarly, the replacement of sand with pond ash up to 20 % results in the reduction of shrinkage of concrete up to 22 %, and the results for the simultaneous replacement of cement with fly ash and sand with pond ash show a reduction of shrinkage of concrete up to 62 % as compared with the shrinkage of control concrete. Shrinkage strains for all 27 mixes have been determined by using different shrinkage models as well as a laboratory test. It is found that the shrinkage strain found from the ACI model matches with shrinkage strain determined from laboratory tests in a better way as compared with other models. Further, the ACI model has been modified to determine the shrinkage strain of concrete, prepared from supplementary cementitious materials.
Comparison of Two Laboratory Methods for Measuring Soil Critical Temperature
Authors: Oh Hyunjun , Tinjum James M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Coupled heat and moisture transfer above a critical temperature is important in various geothermal applications (e.g., geothermal heat exchangers, buried power cables, and energy piles) because of its impact on nonsteady soil thermal properties. In this study, temperature and moisture content of seven sandy soils were measured using two laboratory approaches—vertical and radial—to evaluate the critical temperatures. The vertical approach measured temperature and moisture data from top to bottom of a soil column, and the radial method obtained the measurements from center to outside of the specimen. To validate the test results, computational modeling was also carried out in MATLAB. Although the results obtained from radial testing included rapid changes in temperature gradients near the boundaries between dry and wet zones, ambiguous temperature profiles (i.e., gradual gradients over the entire range) were observed in vertical testing possibly because of horizontal boundary heat losses. In contrast to the gradual temperature gradients, moisture content profiles showed significant variations near the transitional regime, thus the critical temperatures were determined based on both temperature and moisture profiles. Average critical temperature for seven soils was 45.8°C, and the critical temperature was dependent on the void ratio. As void ratio decreased, critical temperature increased with a corresponding decrease in the size of the dry zone. The critical temperatures obtained from radial testing were higher (up to 5.2°C higher) and took more time to reach steady-state condition (up to 9 h longer) than those obtained from vertical testing. Because there are limited data and methodology in published studies that discuss a standard methodology to measure soil critical temperature, a consistent, universally accepted, procedural-based method is needed for the measurement or determination of the critical temperature.
An Investigation and Optimization Study of Borax Content in the Slime Products
Authors: Mak S. L. , Chiu W. H. , Tang W. F. , Li C. H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The slime toys were invented by Mattel in 1976. Slime is a reversible cross-linking gel made from guar gum. The slime toys were further developed into many different products and became one of the most popular toys. Despite buying slime products with attractive packaging, some children love to make their own slime products. The Consumer Council of Hong Kong published a report in 2019 to alert the public about the safety problems because of the excess boron content in those slime products in 2019. Some reported cases of slime product players having adverse health symptoms, which made the government concerned about the safety of slime products. The objectives of the study were to investigate the concentration of boron compounds in the four selected slime toys from the market and suggest a safety ingredient formula to the users to make their own do-it-yourself slime toys. Because only the European Union has relevant safety regulations and standards to limit the concentration of boron compounds in the toys, amendment of the current children’s products safety regulations and standards is required. By fulfilling the objectives, the consumers can make sure that their children who play with slime products can do so without the potential adverse health effects.
Detecting Selection from Linked Sites Using an F-Model
Authors: Galimberti Marco , Leuenberger Christoph , Wolf Beat , Szilágyi Sándor Miklós , Foll Matthieu , Wegmann Daniel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Allele frequencies vary across populations and loci, even in the presence of migration. While most differences may be due to genetic drift, divergent selection will further increase differentiation at some loci. Identifying those is key in studying local adaptation, but remains statistically challenging. A particularly elegant way to describe allele frequency differences among populations connected by migration is the F-model, which measures differences in allele frequencies by population specific FST coefficients. This model readily accounts for multiple evolutionary forces by partitioning FST coefficients into locus- and population-specific components reflecting selection and drift, respectively. Here we present an extension of this model to linked loci by means of a hidden Markov model (HMM), which characterizes the effect of selection on linked markers through correlations in the locus specific component along the genome. Using extensive simulations, we show that the statistical power of our method is up to twofold higher than that of previous implementations that assume sites to be independent. We finally evidence selection in the human genome by applying our method to data from the Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP).
Gyula Hajnóczi, the Instructor and Teacher
Authors: Istvánfi Gyula 
Published: October 2020

On the centenary of Gyula Hajnóczi’s birth, we commemorate the architect, the archaeologist, the teacher, the writer, the scientist, as well as the man and our colleague in the framework of a conference. This time, in memory of the teacher of architecture history and our colleague at the department, his teachers are introduced from the time of the start of his career, from life and regime changing times. Hajnóczi’s specialization, i.e. choosing the history of ancient architecture, took a definite direction from the very beginning of his practice. In addition to his certification in architecture, he soon obtained his diploma in archaeology, then achieved scientific titles and professional results. As an instructor, he conveyed the introductory knowledge of the architect profession, architectural drawing, and the history of the profession to the students on the basis of well-developed principles, performed in various ways. He followed the stages of architectural survey, technical drawing and graphic elaboration. His lectures on ancient architecture – Prehistoric Asia, Egypt, Hellas, Rome – were always performed according to an elaborated system, in a logical structure and always in an enjoyable form. His maxim was that architecture was the science of continuous building.Hajnóczi Gyula születésének századik évfordulójára konferencia keretében emlékezünk az építészre, a régészre, a tanárra, a szakíróra, a tudósra, illetve az emberre, a kollégára. Ezúttal az építészettörténet tanárára, a tanszéki munkatársra emlékezve felvázoljuk az ő tanárainak sorát pályakezdésének idejéből, a sors és rendszerfordító időkből. Szaktudománya, az ókori építészettörténet választása határozott irányt vett már működése elején. Építészmérnöki oklevele mellé hamar megszerezte a régészdiplomát, a tudományos címeket és a szakírói eredményeket. Oktatóként az építész szakma elejét, az építészeti rajztudást és a szakmatörténetet kidolgozott elvek alapján és változatosan közvetítette a hallgatók felé, az építé szeti felmérés, a szerkesztés és a rajzi kidolgozás lépcsői szerint. Az ókori építészetről szóló – Elő Ázsia, Egyiptom, Hellasz, Róma – előadásai mindig egy kidolgozott rendszer szerint, logikus szerkezetben és mindig élvezhető formában hangzottak el. Alapelve volt, hogy az építészet a tovább építés tudománya.
Distance and Presence
Authors: Pazár Béla 
Published: October 2020

When are we somewhere and when are we not? When is it “here”, when is “now” and when is it not? In everyday life, this question can usually have a clear answer. But we all know the state of mind – if not from elsewhere, then from school – when we are physically present somewhere, but in fact our minds are elsewhere we are in a completely different place in spirit, being busy with something else. We can barely remember what happened in the classroom, later we are left with only what caught our attention at that time, what we were really busy with at the time. One might think that in architecture it may not even be worth addressing this issue, the situation seems so clear: here is a definite place with specific geometric features and history, shaped and formed by the mysterious “genius loci”, and now is our age, the present in which we live. According to the common opinion today, good architecture expresses its own age and its own time, catching the spirit of the place. However, it is enough to think only of the Gothic cathedrals to see the very partial validity of this view. In cathedrals, the purpose of the now and here is exactly to serve, display, illustrate the time and place of the not-now and not-here.Mikor vagyunk valahol, és mikor nem? Mikor van itt, mikor van most és mikor nem? A mindennapi életben e kérdésre általában egyértelműen válaszolunk. De mindnyájan ismerjük azt a lelkiállapotot – ha máshonnan nem, hát az iskolából –, amikor fizikailag valahol vagyunk, de valójában egészen máson jár az eszünk, lélekben egészen máshol vagyunk, mással vagyunk elfoglalva. Alig emlékszünk arra, hogy mi történt ott akkor az órán, később csak az marad meg bennünk, ami akkor figyelmünket lekötötte, ami akkor valójában foglalkoztatott. Azt gondolhatnánk, hogy az építészetben talán nem is érdemes foglalkozni ezzel a kérdéssel, olyan egyértelműnek látszik a helyzet: az itt, egy meghatározott hely sajátos geometriai tulajdonságokkal és történelemmel, amelyet a titokzatos „genius loci” alakít, formál, a most pedig a mi korunk, a jelen, amelyben élünk. Mai általánosan elterjedt vélekedésünk szerint a jó építészet a hely szellemét megérezve saját korát, saját idejét fejezi ki. Elég azonban csupán a gótikus katedrálisokra gondolnunk ahhoz, hogy belássuk e vélekedés nagyon is részleges érvényességét. A katedrálisokban a most és itt célja éppenséggel a nem most és a nem itt idejének és helyének szolgálata, megjelenítése, szemléltetése.
The potential role of aid in escaping the middle-income trap
Authors: Acheampong Timothy Yaw , Udvari Beáta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecently, the middle-income trap (MIT) has gained considerable attention – besides European countries, several African, Asian, and Latin-American developing countries are also affected. Many countries have remained in the middle-income bracket for decades, whilst only a few have advanced to high-income status. Felipe et al. in 2012 showed that an annual growth rate of at least 3.5 and 4.7% sustained for a period of 14 and 28 years is required respectively for upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income countries to escape the MIT. Economic growth is influenced by several factors including foreign aid received. Thus, in this study, we aim to answer the question of how aid affects economic growth in middle-income countries and whether aid may contribute to escaping the MIT. Focusing on the countries that have remained in the middle-income group between 1990 and 2017, our analysis confirms that aid contributes to economic growth; however, the impact is positive in the upper-middle-income countries and negative in the lower-middle-income countries. Aid is therefore, likely to be more effective in helping the upper-middle income countries to escape the MIT but not the lower-middle income countries.
Comparative histological study of fallopian tube in pre and post-menopausal women in tertiary care center of Bihar: An observational and prospective study
Authors: Kumar Binod , Alam Javed , Akhtar Md Jawed , Sinha Rajiv Ranjan , Kumar Avanish 
Published: October 2020

Infertility an on-going reproductive problem and tubal pathologies are considered as leading causes. Ectopic pregnancy (tubal), salpingitis, genital tuberculosis are serious and very common fallopian tubal pathologies in women of reproductive age group which incidence have been increased in past few decades. Better understanding of fallopian tube anatomy, physiology, function and sperm epithelial interaction is a necessity and also nature of epidemiology and histological pattern is important. Observational and prospective study done on randomly selected 150 females either pre-menopause and post-menopause. Their fallopian tubes as specimen were collected with greatest care and precautions either from Obstetrics & Gynaecology or Pathology Department of IGIMS, Patna. Samples were processed in Histology section of the Department of Anatomy, IGIMS, Patna. The slides were studied under the compound microscope. Data collected from this study was presented in tabular form. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel Software. Patients were mostly reproductive age group, 26-30 years (26%) and 31-35 years (20.6%) and most of them had completed their family and desired to have contraception mostly tubal ligation. 40 years and above age group patients had menopause and were mostly complaint of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Samples received by hysterectomy with B/L Salpingo-oophorectomy (43.3%), B/L tube ligation with caesarean section (43.3%), U/L Salpingo-oophorectomy (7.3%), B/L tube ligation (6%). In most of these cases the fallopian tubes were normal. In pre-menopausal patients most of the samples were obtained during pregnancy (63.02%) because caesarean section with or without tube ligation was very common. Followed to interval phase (21.70%) of menstrual cycle because it was the most preferred stage for any planned gynaecological surgery. 11 Premenopausal women while 6 post-menopausal women gave the history of I.U.C.D use during their reproductive years. Patients with past history of oral contraceptives and those with present history of its use in both young and old women.This study concluded that the histology of fallopian tube was normal and the results were consistent with previous similar studies. Histological examination of fallopian tube was normal despite of any past history of IUCD or OCP use or different phases or cyclical changes of menstrual cycle in pre-menopausal women.
Persistent carotico-vertebrobasilar anastomosis: Our experience
Authors: Mahata Manoj Kumar , Jaluka Dinesh 
Published: October 2020

Persistent carotico-vertebrobasilar arteries are rare kind of primitive anastomoses between carotid and vertebrobasilar system. They may persist after birth or into adult life in some cases.To appreciate the embryological aspects and associate ourselves with important contributors in this aspect from our clinical practice.Aretrospective analysis of 87 diagnostic DSA performed since December 2017–May 2018 in cardiac catheterization laboratory. We found persistent carotico-vertebrobasilar arteries in six cases.: though persistent carotico-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are rare, sound knowledge and idea should be there to interpret cerebral angiography.
A cadaveric study of variations in the origin and cervical part of internal carotid artery
Authors: Mathew Deena Sara 
Published: October 2020

The Internal carotid artery (ICA) is one of the branches arising from the Common carotid artery. A study of variability in the origin and course of the cervical part of the ICA is clinically important for vascular surgeons in performing certain stenting procedures.The present study was conducted to study the variations in the origin and course of the cervical part of the ICA by cadaveric dissection method. A cadaveric study was conducted on fifty, formalin fixed head and neck specimens in the department of Anatomy, Pushpagiri Institute of medical sciences and research centre, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India. The pattern of origin, course of the cervical part of ICA were dissected and variations, if any, were noted.Internal carotid artery originated from the Common carotid artery in 100% of the specimens. High origin of the ICA (38%) was the commonest variation in the origin observed with a higher incidence on the right side. The commonest variations in the cervical part were kinks (32%) with a higher frequency on the left side and aneurysms (4%) with equal distribution on both sides.Anomalous origin and course of ICA may damage the vessel while performing certain surgical procedures like stenting. Thus sound knowledge of the variations in the origin and course of the vessel is essential for general and vascular surgeons in performing surgical procedures without unnecessary complications.
Estimation of stature based on hand length among students of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Jahan Nusrat , Khan Abeer Zubair , Haque Mahboobul 
Published: October 2020

Stature is one of the most useful anthropometric parameters which can be used to determine the identity of an individual. Stature and measurements of various body parts have become useful in forensic medicine and medico-legal cases to identify bodies that may have been destroyed in mass disasters like plane crashes, blasts and accidents etc.The aim of this study was to determine anthropometric values for stature and hand length in Uttar Pradesh population and to estimate height from hand length with the help of a regression equation formula.The present study was conducted on a sample of 400 students of Integral University (200 males and 200 females). Hand length (right and left) was measured and height was also recorded.In this study a significant and positive correlation was found between stature, right and left-hand length in males and females.In the present study, we concluded that the mean stature of males was higher than females and using regression equation accurate stature can be calculated from hand length.
A study on morphometric dimensions of tibial condyles in Indian population
Authors: Gayathri Uma Pandalai , Bamne Avantika 
Published: October 2020

Knee joint is the largest and complex joint in the body which helps in weight bearing and locomotion. It is subjected to degenerative changes like osteoarthritis, Knee injuries and trauma. Present study is proposed to access measurements of upper end of tibia. These morphometric parameters can be useful to guide the treatment in procedures of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty. Present study was conducted in Index Medical College, Department of anatomy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Different parameters of 62 human dried tibiae [31 right and 31 left] measured are anteroposterior [AP] and tranverse diameter [TD] of medial condyle, lateral condyle and total tibial condyle. In present study, mean values of anteroposterior and transverse diameters of medial condyle, lateral condyle and total tibial condyle were found to be slightly greater on left side than that of right side. Furthermore AP diameter of medial condyle were found to be greater than that of lateral condyle on both sides and TD of medial found to be lesser than that of lateral on both sides. Results of this study will be helpful for orthopedicians to design appropriate size of knee prosthesis in knee arthroplasty also useful for forensic experts, anthropologist and anatomist.
Sacral index and its clinical importance in human dry sacral bones - Morphometric study
Authors: Lokanadham Sadhu , Sake Babu Rao , Vani G Geetha 
Published: October 2020

Sacral Index is the most important parameter in assessing the sexual dimorphism. A total of 42 dry adult human sacral bones of known sex (19 – female sacra; 23-male sacra) collected from Anatomy Department, Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal. The sacral length measured from the promontory to the middle of antero-inferior margin of last sacral vertebra. The sacral breadth measured from the lateral most points of ale of sacrum. The sacral index (SI) is calculated and statistically analyzed. We noted the mean sacral index 101.142+2.148 in male sacra, and 103.668+2.271 in female sacra with significantly higher sacral index in female sacra than male sacra in the present study. Our study acknowledges the importance of sacral index and its significance can be useful in sexual dimorphism.
Variation in branching pattern of splenic artery and its surgical importance
Authors: Sangeetha V , Sundar G 
Published: October 2020

Splenic artery commonly called as lineal artery being the largest branch of celiac trunk in adults and next largest to common hepatic artery in fetal life making tortuous course in stomach bed. The splenic artery show variations in it’s course and branching pattern frequently. The main aim of the study is to know the different branching pattern of splenic artery in relation to hilum of spleen for Anatomist, Radiologist and Surgeons. Such knowledge definitely help the radiologist while doing the color doppler flow imaging and also the surgeons in selecting the operative procedure thereby it minimize the vascular complications. During routine dissection, 60 cadavers were dissected and the branching pattern of the splenic artery in relation to hilum of spleen was studied. : Splenic artery shows following pattern of division, distributed pattern bundled pattern before entering the hilum of spleen and splenic artery enters the spleen without any division. In our study, distributed pattern was seen in 36 cases (60%), bundled type in 14 cases (23.3%) and without branching in remaining 10cases (16.7%). The variation in the branching pattern of splenic artery is necessary for Anatomist useful in angiographic studies for radiologist and also for surgeons to minimise vascular complications during abdominal surgeries, spleen preservation procedure is possible distributed and bundled pattern of splenic artery.