bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of geothermal boreholes in Poland
Authors: Bujakowski Wiesław , Bielec Bogusław , Miecznik Maciej , Pająk Leszek 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe beginnings of geothermal implementation research in Poland date back to 1989–1993 when the Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences (MEERI PAS) launched the first geothermal installation in the Podhale region, using the reconstructed Bańska IG-1 well. The knowledge acquired during these 30 years has highlighted the importance of geothermal energy—among other things, borehole reconstruction operations and the need for their further refinement. The technologies developed have been used in virtually all geothermal heating systems operating in Poland. Examples of successful reconstruction work include the Bańska IG-1 and Biały Dunajec PAN-1 wells operated by the PEC Geotermia Podhalańska S.A. geothermal company. The Mszczonów IG-1 well, which is operated by the Geotermia Mazowiecka S.A. heating company, has also undergone considerable work almost 24 years after its complete closure. Reconstruction processes can also be important in adapting existing wells for geothermal purposes. After World War II, more than 8000 boreholes deeper than 1000 m were drilled in Poland. They were primarily made for the purpose of geological surveys and hydrocarbon exploration. Some of these boreholes can be adapted for operation in geothermal systems. The paper presents selected methods of reconstructing abandoned, disused (not abandoned and not decommissioned) or damaged boreholes in order to use them in the geothermal water extraction process. Four examples of borehole reconstruction, designed and carried out with the participation of MEERI PAS in Kraków, are discussed in more detail.
Class structure and income inequality in transitional China
Authors: Liu Xin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntegrating Kornai’s concept of coordination mechanism and Weber’s types of domination, the author argues that, based on the different property rights embedded within the state power structure, bureaucratic and market coordination define class positions in bureaucratic domination by virtue of authority and in market domination by virtue of market capacity. Class relations are defined as relations of domination and economic interest distribution. A class framework composed of 16 class positions is constructed in terms of authority or market capacity in dual domination. The seven-class scheme generated by aggregation of the 16 class positions fits well with a four-cluster model estimated with latent class analysis of the 2010 CGSS, suggesting that the proposed framework is empirically relevant. The statistical findings also show that, compared to advanced industrialized societies, China has a larger proportion of command classes, a relatively equal share of new and old middle classes, and a smaller working class. China has significantly more farmers, especially in the central and western regions. The class structure is olive-shaped in the eastern region but “圭” (gui)-shaped in the central and western regions. The proposed class scheme can significantly predict income inequality, supporting the argument that class relations have the character of a “domination-interest duality.”
Moderate deviation for maximum likelihood estimators from single server queues
Authors: Singh Saroja Kumar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConsider a single server queueing model which is observed over a continuous time interval (0,T], where T is determined by a suitable stopping rule. Let θ be the unknown parameter for the arrival process and $\hat {\theta }_{T}$θ̂T be the maximum likelihood estimator of θ. The main goal of this paper is to obtain a moderate deviation result of the maximum likelihood estimator for the single server queueing model under certain regular conditions.
Implementing Decision Coaching for Lung Cancer Screening in the Low-Dose Computed Tomography Setting
Authors: Lowenstein Lisa M. , Godoy Myrna Cobos Barco , Erasmus Jeremy J. , Zirari Zineb , Bennett Alina , Leal Viola B. , Housten Ashley J. , Volk Robert J. 
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE: The uptake of shared decision making (SDM) for lung cancer screening (LCS) as required by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is suboptimal. Alternative models for delivering SDM are needed, such as decision coaching in the low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) setting. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The Replicating Effective Programs framework guided our implementation of decision coaching, which included a patient-facilitated component before screening followed by in-person coaching that addressed the required elements for the SDM visit from CMS. We surveyed two LCS patient cohorts (pre-implementation and implementation of decision coaching) about their knowledge of LCS and perception of the SDM process. We conducted time-motion studies to assess the feasibility of implementing decision coaching and audio recorded clinical encounters from the implementation cohort to assess fidelity of the SDM conversation to the CMS requirements. RESULTS: Compared with the pre-implementation cohort (n = 51), the implementation cohort (n = 30) had greater knowledge of LCS ( P < .01) and reported a better SDM process ( P = .01). Coaching took 7.6 ± 4.1 minutes and did not increase visit time ( P = .72). Coaches addressed an average of 6.4 of 7 SDM elements required by CMS. CONCLUSION: Decision coaching in the LDCT setting provides an opportunity for patients to confirm their screening decision by ensuring that patients are truly informed about the potential harms and benefits of LCS. The decision coaching had excellent fidelity in addressing the required SDM elements from CMS and is feasible.
Factors Associated With Declining to Participate in a Pediatric Oncology Next-Generation Sequencing Study
Authors: Howard Sharp Katianne M. , Jurbergs Niki , Ouma Annastasia , Harrison Lynn , Gerhardt Elsie , Taylor Leslie , Hamilton Kayla , McGee Rose B. , Nuccio Regina , Quinn Emily , Hines-Dowell Stacy , Kesserwan Chimene , Sunkara Anusha , Gattuso Jami S. , Pritchard Michelle , Mandrell Belinda , Relling Mary V. , Haidar Cyrine E. , Kang Guolian , Johnson Liza-Marie , Nichols Kim E. 
Published: March 2020

PURPOSEFor the advances of pediatric oncology next-generation sequencing (NGS) research to equitably benefit all children, a diverse and representative sample of participants is needed. However, little is known about demographic and clinical characteristics that differentiate families who decline enrollment in pediatric oncology NGS research.METHODSDemographic and clinical data were retrospectively extracted for 363 pediatric patients (0-21 years) with cancer approached for enrollment in Genomes for Kids (G4K), a study examining the feasibility of comprehensive clinical genomic analysis of tumors and paired normal samples. Demographic and clinical factors that significantly differentiated which families declined were subsequently compared, for 348 families, with enrollment in Clinical Implementation of Pharmacogenetics (PG4KDS), a pharmacogenomics study with more explicit therapeutic benefit examining genes affecting drug responses and metabolism.RESULTSFifty-three families (14.6%) declined enrollment in G4K. Race/ethnicity was the only variable that significantly differentiated study refusal according to multivariable logistic regression, with families of black children more likely to decline enrollment compared with families of non-Hispanic or Hispanic white children. Reasons for declining G4K were generally consistent with other pediatric genomics research: feeling overwhelmed and insurance discrimination fears were most frequently cited. Families of black children were also more likely to decline enrollment in PG4KDS. Thirteen (3.7%) of the 348 families approached for both studies declined PG4KDS.CONCLUSIONRace/ethnicity differentiated study declination across two different pediatric oncology genomics studies, suggesting enrollment disparities in the context of pediatric oncology genomics research. Genomics research participant samples that do not fully represent racial and ethnic minorities risk further exacerbating health disparities. Additional work is needed to understand the nuances of parental decision making in genomic research and facilitate enrollment of diverse patient populations.
Prevalence and Spectrum of Pathogenic Germline Variants in Japanese Patients With Early-Onset Colorectal, Breast, and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Liu Xiaoxi , Takata Sadaaki , Ashikawa Kyota , Aoi Tomomi , Kosugi Shunichi , Terao Chikashi , Parrish Nicholas F. , Matsuda Koichi , Nakagawa Hidewaki , Kamatani Yoichiro , Kubo Michiaki , Momozawa Yukihide 
Published: March 2020

PUPOSE We investigated the prevalence and spectrum of pathogenic germline variants in patients with early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), breast cancer (BC), and prostate cancer (PCA) in the Japanese population. We also identified pathogenic variants in other cancer risk genes, giving consideration to future multigene testing panels for this population. METHODS We performed whole-genome sequencing for 1,037 Japanese individuals, including patients with early-onset CRC (n = 196), BC (n = 237), and PCA (n = 215) and controls (n = 389). We screened for pathogenic variants, including single nucleotide variants and copy number variants, among well-established first-tier cancer genes for each cancer type and examined an expended second-tier panel including cancer-predisposing genes from the Cancer Gene Census. RESULTS Proportions of patients with germline pathogenic variants differed by cancer subgroup, with the highest in BC (14.8%), followed by CRC (9.2%), and PCA (3.7%). In contrast, 2 of 389 control subjects (0.5%) carried a germline pathogenic variant. In comparison with controls, the proportion of patients with pathogenic variants in the second-tier panel was increased significantly for PCA (3.7% to 11.6%, P = 2.96 × 10−4), but not for CRC or BC, after multitesting adjustment. In patients with PCA, DNA repair pathway genes in the extended panel often contained pathogenic variants ( P = .011). CONCLUSION Our analyses support the clinical usefulness of established cancer gene panels in the Japanese population for 3 major cancer types. Additional genes, especially those involved in DNA repair, might be considered for developing multipanel testing in Japanese patients with early-onset PCA.
Changing trabecular patterns in panoramic radiographs of Swedish women during 25 years of follow-up
Authors: Geraets Wil GM , Jonasson Grethe , Hakeberg Magnus 
Published: March 2020

Objectives: The radiographic trabecular pattern on dental radiographs may be used to predict fractures. The aim of this study was to analyze longitudinal changes in the mandibles of 145 females between 1980 and 2005. Methods: Panoramic radiographs were obtained in 1980 and 2005. On 290 radiographs, regions of interest (ROIs) were selected in the ramus, angle and body. In all ROIs, the orientation was measured in 36 directions with the line frequency deviation method. The effects of ageing were analyzed for the fracture and the non-fracture groups separately. Results: During the follow-up, 61 females suffered fractures of the hip, wrist, spine, leg or arm. The fracture and non-fracture groups displayed dissimilar age changes in each investigated ROI. All significant changes pertained to increasing values of line frequency deviation. With increasing age, the trabecular network in the mandible lost details and the trabeculae became more aligned in their main direction. In the “ramus”, the alignment was to the 110–120˚ axis, parallel to the posterior and anterior ramus border. In the “angle”, the alignment was to the 135–150˚ axis, parallel to the oblique line, and in the “body” ROI to the 150–175˚ direction, approximately parallel to the occlusal plane and inferior cortex. Conclusion: Most changes were consistent with the notion that the bone aged less severely in the non-fracture group. In the fracture group, the findings indicate that bone loss leads to redistribution of the remaining bone tissue in such a way that the trabeculae are accentuated perpendicular to the principal loading.
Relationship of sex steroid hormones with bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in adult men
Authors: Guebeli Alissa , Platz Elizabeth A. , Paller Channing J , McGlynn Katherine A. , Rohrmann Sabine 
Published: March 2020

Aims To examine the relationship of sex steroid hormones with osteopenia in a nationally representative sample of men in the USA. Methods Data on bone mineral density (BMD), serum sex hormones, dairy consumption, smoking status, and body composition were available for 806 adult male participants of the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2004). We estimated associations between quartiles of total and estimated free oestradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) and osteopenia (defined as 1 to 2.5 SD below the mean BMD for healthy 20- to 29-year-old men) by applying sampling weights and using multivariate-adjusted logistic regression. We then estimated the association between serum hormone concentrations and osteopenia by percentage of body fat, frequency of dairy intake, cigarette smoking status, age, and race/ethnicity. Results Men in the lowest quartile of total E2 concentrations (< 21.52 pg/ml) had greater odds of osteopenia compared with men in the highest quartile (odds ratio (OR) 2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11 to 4.73; p-trend = 0.030). Total and free T were not associated with osteopenia. Low total E2 concentrations were associated with greater odds of osteopenia among non-daily dairy consumers (p-trend = 0.046), current or former smokers (p-trend = 0.032), and younger men (p-trend = 0.031). No differences were observed by race/ethnicity and obesity. Conclusion In this nationally representative study of the USA, men with lower total E2 were more likely to have osteopenia, which was particularly evident among younger men, men with less-than-daily dairy consumption, and current or former smokers. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(3):139–145.
PERCEPÇÃO DE ENFERMEIROS DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA SOBRE PREVENÇÃO DE LESÃO POR PRESSÃO
Authors: Martins Natália de Brito Mendes , ALBUQUERQUE BRANDÃO MARIA GIRLANE SOUSA , Silva Leonardo Alexandrino da , Mendes Aline Maria Veras , Caetano Joselany Áfio , Araújo Thiago Moura de , Barros Lívia Moreira 
Published: March 2020

Introdução: A Unidade de Terapia Intensiva é um setor destinado a pacientes críticos, que podem se tornar vulneráveis à alteração da integridade da pele. O estudo teve o objetivo de identificar a percepção de enfermeiros intensivistas sobre a prevenção de lesão por pressão. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo exploratório e qualitativo, realizado com 18 enfermeiros de terapia intensiva de instituição de ensino no Estado do Ceará, Brasil, de julho a setembro de 2015. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevista, utilizando-se instrumento semiestruturado em uma sala do hospital, segundo a disponibilidade de cada enfermeiro. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 18 enfermeiros, com tempo de experiência de seis meses a 24 anos. Após a análise dos dados, foi possível agrupar seis categorias: Conhecimento sobre lesão por pressão; Cuidados de enfermagem para prevenção e tratamento das lesões; Facilidades e dificuldades encontradas; Conhecimento sobre a Escala de Braden; Uso da Escala de Braden na prática assistencial e Contribuição na sistematização da assistência sobre a inclusão da Escala de Braden. Conclusões: A percepção dos enfermeiros sobre prevenção de lesão por pressão ainda é deficiente. Houve conhecimento insipiente sobre o significado das lesões e identificação por meio de escalas e ambiguidade de respostas entre implementação e significância de escalas de prevenção.
Wie aus digitalen Services Wert entsteht: Interaktionen richtig gestalten
Authors: Geiger Manuel , Robra-Bissantz Susanne , Meyer Michael 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der digitalen Wirtschaft finden sekündlich mannigfaltige digitale Interaktionen zwischen Anbietern und ihren Kunden statt. Sie entscheiden über die Auswahl von Produkten und Dienstleistungen und werden daher für Unternehmen zu einem wesentlichen Erfolgsfaktor. Trotzdem fehlt es bislang in Theorie und Praxis an Modellen und Ansätzen, die diese Interaktionen beschreiben, erklären und damit als Grundlage ihrer Gestaltung dienen können. Dieser Beitrag sieht Interaktionen des Anbieters mit seinen Kunden als digitale Services, die den Kunden unterstützen: bei der Suche nach Produkten und Dienstleistungen sowie der Auswahl und Nutzung derer. Dazu wird zunächst der Wert der digitalen Interaktion erarbeitet, bezeichnet als Value in Interaction. Dieser entsteht auf einer Beziehungsebene, der Matching-Ebene und der Ebene der eigentlichen Dienstleistung. Auf jeder dieser Ebenen wird ein Wert geschaffen – der Beziehungswert, der Matching-Wert und der Dienstleistungswert. Mit konkreten Handlungsempfehlungen wird die Praxis bei der aktiven Gestaltung von Interaktionen in Form von digitalen Interaktionsservices unterstützt. Damit ist sichergestellt, dass nicht nur das Angebot, sondern auch die einzelnen Interaktionen in ihrer Gesamtheit auf den einzelnen Kunden und seine Bedürfnisse angepasst werden.
Unique Organization of Actin Cytoskeleton in Magnocellular Vasopressin Neurons in Normal Conditions and in Response to Salt-Loading
Authors: Barad Zsuzsanna , Jacob-Tomas Suleima , Sobrero Alberto , Lean Graham , Hicks Amirah-Iman , Yang Jieyi , Choe Katrina Y. , Prager-Khoutorsky Masha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMagnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) are intrinsically osmosensitive and can be activated by increases in blood osmolality, triggering the release of antidiuretic hormone vasopressin (VP) to promote water retention. Hence, the activity of magnocellular VP neurons is one of the key elements contributing to the regulation of body fluid homeostasis in healthy organisms. Chronic exposure to high dietary salt leads to excessive activation of VP neurons, thereby elevating levels of circulating VP, which can cause increases in blood pressure contributing to salt-dependent hypertension. However, the molecular basis underlying high-salt diet-induced hyperactivation of magnocellular VP neurons remains not fully understood. Previous studies suggest that magnocellular neurosecretory neurons contain a subcortical layer of actin filaments and pharmacological stabilization of this actin network potentiates osmotically-induced activation of magnocellular neurons. Using super-resolution imagingin situ, we investigated the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in rat MNCs under normal physiological conditions and after a chronic increase in blood osmolality following 7 d of salt-loading (SL). We found that, in addition to the subcortical layer of actin filaments, magnocellular VP neurons are endowed with a unique network of cytoplasmic actin filaments throughout their somata. Moreover, we revealed that the density of both subcortical and cytoplasmic actin networks in magnocellular VP neurons is dramatically increased following SL. These results suggest that increased osmo-responsiveness of VP neurons following chronic exposure to high dietary salt may be mediated by the modulation of unique actin networks in magnocellular VP neurons, possibly contributing to elevated blood pressure in this condition.
Coding of Navigational Distance and Functional Constraint of Boundaries in the Human Scene-Selective Cortex
Authors: Park Jeongho , Park Soojin 
Published: March 2020

For visually guided navigation, the use of environmental cues is essential. Particularly, detecting local boundaries that impose limits to locomotion and estimating their location is crucial. In a series of three fMRI experiments, we investigated whether there is a neural coding of navigational distance in the human visual cortex (both female and male). We used virtual reality software to systematically manipulate the distance from a viewer perspective to different types of a boundary. Using a multivoxel pattern classification employing a linear support vector machine, we found that the occipital place area (OPA) is sensitive to the navigational distance restricted by the transparent glass wall. Further, the OPA was sensitive to a non-crossable boundary only, suggesting an importance of the functional constraint of a boundary. Together, we propose the OPA as a perceptual source of external environmental features relevant for navigation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOne of major goals in cognitive neuroscience has been to understand the nature of visual scene representation in human ventral visual cortex. An aspect of scene perception that has been overlooked despite its ecological importance is the analysis of space for navigation. One of critical computation necessary for navigation is coding of distance to environmental boundaries that impose limit on navigator's movements. This paper reports the first empirical evidence for coding of navigational distance in the human visual cortex and its striking sensitivity to functional constraint of environmental boundaries. Such finding links the paper to previous neurological and behavioral works that emphasized the distance to boundaries as a crucial geometric property for reorientation behavior of children and other animal species.
A cuckoo search based neural network to predict fatigue life in rotor blade composites
Authors: Ziane Khaled , Ilinca Adrian , Khan Abdullah , Zebirate Soraya 
Published: March 2020

In modern wind turbine blades industry, fiber-reinforced composites are mostly used for their good mechanical characteristics: high stiffness, low density and long fatigue life. Wind turbine blades are constructed in different structural elements from a variety of composite laminates, often including Unidirectional (UD) material in spars and multiple forms of Multidirectional (MD) in skins and webs. The purpose of this paper is to identify materials that have appropriate fiber orientations to improve fatigue life. By using Cuckoo Search-based Neural Network (CSNN), we have developed a model to predict fatigue life under tension-tension charges for five composite materials, with different fiber stacking sequences embedded in three types of resin matrices (epoxy, polyester and vinylester), which are all appropriate for the design of wind turbine blades. In the CSNN approach used in this work, the cost function was assessed using the Mean Square Error (MSE) computed as the squared difference between the predicted values and the target values for a number of training set samples, obtained from an experimental fatigue database. The results illustrate that the CSNN can provide accurate fatigue life prediction for different MD/UD composite laminates, under different angles of fiber orientation.