bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving the Nuclear Radio Emission from M32 with the Very Large Array
Authors: Peng Sijia , Li Zhiyuan , Sjouwerman Loránt O. , Yang Yang , Xie Fuguo , Yuan Feng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Local Group dwarf elliptical galaxy M32 hosts one of the nearest and most under-luminous supermassive black holes (SMBHs) ever known, offering a rare opportunity to study the physics of accreting SMBHs at the most quiescent state. Recent Very Large Array (VLA) observations detected a radio source at the nucleus of M32, which was suggested to be the radio counterpart of the SMBH. To further investigate the radio properties of this nuclear source, we have conducted follow-up, high-resolution VLA observations in four epochs between 2015 and 2017, each with dual frequencies. At 6 GHz, the nuclear source is resolved under an angular resolution of ∼0.″4, exhibiting a coreless, slightly lopsided morphology with a detectable extent of ∼2.″5 (∼10 pc). No significant variability can be found among the four epochs. At 15 GHz, no significant emission can be detected within the same region, pointing to a steep intrinsic radio spectrum (with a 3σ upper limit of −1.46 for the spectral index). We discuss possible scenarios for the nature of this nuclear radio source and conclude that a stellar origin, in particular, planetary nebulae, X-ray binaries, supernova remnants, or diffuse ionized gas powered by massive stars, can be ruled out. Instead, the observed radio properties can be explained by synchrotron radiation from a hypothetical wind driven by the weakly accreting SMBH.
Reconstruction of Radio Relics and X-Ray Tails in an Off-axis Cluster Merger: Hydrodynamical Simulations of A115
Authors: Lee Wonki , Jee M. James , Kang Hyesung , Ryu Dongsu , Kimm Taysun , Brüggen Marcus 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Although a merging galaxy cluster is a useful laboratory to study many important astrophysical processes and fundamental physics, only limited interpretations are possible without careful analysis of the merger scenario. However, the study is demanding because a thorough comparison of multiwavelength observations with detailed numerical simulations is required. In this paper, we present such a study for the off-axis binary merger A115. The system possesses a number of remarkable observational features, but no convincing merger scenario explaining the shape and location of the radio relic in harmony with the orientation of the cometary X-ray tails has been presented. Our hydrodynamical simulation with adaptive mesh refinement suggests that the cometary X-ray tail of A115 might be a slingshot tail that can arise ∼0.3 Gyr after the impact, before the two subclusters reach their apocenters. This scenario can predict the location and orientation of the giant radio relic, which is parallel to the northern X-ray tail. In addition, our study indicates that diffusive shock acceleration alone cannot generate the observed radio power unless aided by stronger magnetic fields and/or more significant presence of fossil electrons.
Global Mapping of the Surface Composition on an Exo-Earth Using Color Variability
Authors: Kawahara Hajime 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Photometric variation of a directly imaged planet contains information on both the geography and spectra of the planetary surface. We propose a novel technique that disentangles the spatial and spectral information from the multiband reflected light curve. This will enable us to compose a two-dimensional map of the surface composition of a planet with no prior assumption on the individual spectra, except for the number of independent surface components. We solve the unified inverse problem of the spin–orbit tomography and spectral unmixing by generalizing the nonnegative matrix factorization using a simplex volume minimization method. We evaluated our method on a toy cloudless Earth and observed that the new method could accurately retrieve the geography and unmix spectral components. Furthermore, our method is also applied to the real-color variability of the Earth as observed by Deep Space Climate Observatory. The retrieved map explicitly depicts the actual geography of the Earth, and unmixed spectra capture features of the ocean, continents, and clouds. It should be noted that the two unmixed spectra consisting of the reproduced continents resemble those of soil and vegetation.
The High mortality and antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia in northern Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chyi-Liang , Hou Pin-Chun , Wang Yun-Ting , Lee Hao-Yuan , Zhou Ying-Li , Wu Ting-Shu , Janapatla Rajendra-Prasad , Yang Chien-Chang 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Klebsiella pneumoniae, a common hospital- and community-acquired pathogen, is notorious for multidrug resistance. This study aimed to better understand the correlation of clinical presentation and microbiological characteristics of the isolates causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in Taiwan.
Methodology: We retrospectively collected 150 isolates derived from K. pneumoniae bacteremia patients in Taiwan in both 2014 and 2016. Clinical data, bacterial serotyping and drug susceptibility tests were comparatively analyzed.
Results: Demographic data showed that diabetes mellitus (DM) was the most common underlying disease (44.0%). The overall 30-day mortality rate was 19.3%, and higher mortality was found in patients with malignancy than others (P = 0.023). Serotype distribution was diverse. The major isolates belonged to non-PCR-typeable serotypes (58.7%) associated with hospital-acquired infections (P = 0.007) and in non-DM patients (P < 0.001), while K2 and K20 significantly caused infections and in DM patients (P = 0.046 and P = 0.006, respectively); however, only K2 showed more community-acquired infection (P = 0.022) than other typeable serotypes. Resistance to antibiotics in clinical isolates in the year 2016 was > 24%, including cefazolin (54%), ampicillin-sulbactam (25%) and cefuroxime (25%). Susceptibility to gentamicin, flomoxef, and tigecycline reduced between the two time periods (2014 and 2016). However, the isolates remained highly susceptible to amikacin and ertapenem (> 95%).
Conclusions: Patients with cancer had a higher 30-day mortality rate than others. Amikacin and ertapenem are the drugs of choice for the treatment of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae BSIs in Taiwan.
In vitro susceptibility of OXA-48, NDM, VIM and IMP enzyme- producing Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli to fosfomycin
Authors: Demirci-Duarte Selay , Unalan-Altintop Tugce , Gulay Zeynep , Sari Kaygisiz Ayse Nur , Cakar Asli , Gur Deniz 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Infections caused by Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are an important public health issue. Intravenous fosfomycin can be considered as an alternative for the treatment of serious infections caused by CPE. In this study, in vitro activity of fosfomycin was investigated among CPE isolates.
Methodology: Overall, 158 clinically relevant isolates obtained from 18 hospitals of 13 cities in Turkey with predetermined carbapenemase types were evaluated in the study, including Escherichia coli (n = 19) and Klebsiella spp. (n = 139). In vitro activity of fosfomycin was determined with agar dilution method. Among Klebsiella spp., 104 harbored blaOXA-48, 15 isolates carried both blaOXA-48 and blaNDM; three had both blaOXA-48 and blaVIM and nine isolates had blaNDM alone. Four isolates carried only blaVIM and two isolates harbored blaIMP alone. One isolate co-harbored blaVIM and blaNDM. Among E. coli isolates, blaOXA-48 and blaNDM were carried by 18 and one isolates, respectively.
Results: Resistance to fosfomycin was detected in 43.7% of the isolates. Among Klebsiella spp. and E. coli, these rates were 46.8% and 21.1%, respectively. In Klebsiella spp. resistance to fosfomycin was 49.5% in blaOXA-48 carriers; 26.7% in isolates co-harbouring blaOXA-48 and blaNDM and 66.7% in blaNDM carriers. In E. coli, fosfomycin resistance was detected among 16.7% of the blaOXA-48 carriers.
Conclusions: High level of fosfomycin resistance in these isolates may be attributable to the fact that these isolates are multidrug resistant. The genetic background of resistance should also be investigated in order to understand the co-occurrence and transfer of resistance among the CPE.
La question de l’impact à l’épreuve de la gouvernance minière autour de son instauration en Afrique de l’Ouest
Authors: Pesqueux Yvon , Griette Éric 
Published: May 2020

Ce texte est construit sur les éléments suivants : l’articulation « Bien public – biens privés » comme fondement de la gouvernance, la tragédie des communs ou le dilemme « Etat – marché », de la « bonne gouvernance », la gouvernance minière avec l’Initiative pour la transparence des industries extractives (ITIE – 2002 Johannesburg) et le Responsible Mining Index (RMI), la Vision Minière pour l’Afrique (VMA), la Directive de la CEDEAO (Communauté des Etats d’Afrique de l’Ouest) sur l’harmonisation des principes directeurs et des politiques dans le secteur minier (2009), la modification des enjeux du reporting extra-financier au regard de la prise en compte des impacts.
Understanding Online Reading Dispositions from the Perspective of Saudi EFL Learners
Authors: Yaghi Eyhab , Abdullah Amelia 
Published: May 2020

<p> Our knowledge of online reading dispositions is based on limited data. The optimal aim of this paper is to find out the online reading disposition that might take place when EFL students read online materials. To achieve the aim of this research, a mixed method approach was employed. The results emerged from the quantitative data have shown that students tend to show dispositions of reflection as the most frequent dispositions. In compliance with quantitative data, five students were interviewed in order to provide a deep understanding of these dispositions. By doing so, new ideas have been extracted from students’ responses such as likeness toward online reading, taking place online reading dispositions and alternatives of online reading dispositions. These emerging results would provide an overwhelming idea about the online reading dispositions and pave the way for upcoming studies. </p>
Social Media Usage for Enhancing English Language Skill
Authors: Anwas E. Oos Mukhamad , Sugiarti Yuni , Permatasari Anggraeni Dian , Warsihna Jaka , Anas Zulfikri , Alhapip Leli , Siswanto Heni Waluyo , Rivalina Rahmi 
Published: May 2020

One of the obstacles of learning English Language as a Foreign Language is the limitation of practicing media. Social media has many contents and facilities which can be used for practicing English. The aim of this study is to find out students’ intensity of using English-language social media content. The study was conducted by quantitative approach and survey method among the Senior High School students in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data analysis shows that as students’ intensity who used English-language social media content is low. Students’ perception of English skill in reading and writing is good, while students’ perception of listening and speaking is still low. The intensity of using English-language social media content is positively and significantly related to students' perceptions of their ability to speak English including reading, writing, listening and speaking aspects. Hence, social media is needed to be learning media for learning English language as a Foreign Language in Indonesia.
Les fonds sonores de l’ancien musée national des Arts et Traditions populaires : collections ou archives ?
Authors: Le Gonidec Marie-Barbara 
Published: May 2020

Cet article traite de la problématique engendrée par le changement du statut des enregistrements ethnomusicologiques du musée national des Arts et Traditions populaires entrés comme « collections » inscrites à l’inventaire du musée et requalifiées en « archives scientifiques » suite à leur versement aux Archives nationales en 2013. L’autrice explique ce qui a justifié l’attribution de ce statut d’objet dans le contexte de la construction du musée-laboratoire alors qu’émerge dans les années 1930 une nouvelle discipline, l’ethnologie de la France, dont le musée se veut être le fer de lance. À travers l’exemple de ces données sonores (pour utiliser un terme neutre) dont la constitution est le fondement de la discipline née en France dans les musées, il est question d’évoquer les enjeux dont ils sont l’objet et d’aborder le processus patrimonial qui les transforme en « témoins culturels immatériels ».
La collection de disques édités du Mucem, un bel héritage aujourd’hui valorisé
Authors: Calafat Marie-Charlotte 
Published: May 2020

Parce que les deux départements d’ethnomusicologie du musée de l’Homme et du musée national des Arts et Traditions populaires ont toujours eu la volonté de disposer d’une documentation sonore indispensable à la recherche, leur phonothèque a engrangé de nombreux disques commerciaux qui constituent aujourd’hui des ressources importantes pour la sociologie de la musique autant que l’ethnomusicologie. Cet article traite du fonds de disques 78, 33 et 45 tours du MNATP aujourd’hui conservé au Mucem et son traitement dans le cadre du chantier des collections.
Le fonds de catalogues de marques phonographiques du CNRS-musée de l’Homme
Authors: Henry Thomas 
Published: May 2020

L’auteur se penche sur un fonds d’environ 330 catalogues anciens de marques phonographiques éditant des disques 78 tours de musiques « exotiques ». Retrouvé en 2009 à l’occasion du déménagement des archives textuelles du département d’ethnomusicologie du musée de l’Homme vers l’université de Nanterre. Reçus au gré des échanges d’André Schaeffner avec les maisons de disques sur la période 1930-1960, ces « objets documentaires non-identifiés » propres aux collectionneurs de disques et qui semblent étrangers à la discipline, témoignent pourtant de la manière, méthodique, dont s’est organisée la phonothèque du musée de l’Homme dans ses premières décennies d’existence. L’article montre aussi comment ce fonds peut constituer aujourd’hui un nouvel objet d’intérêt pour l’ethnomusicologie.
Du musée instrumental du Conservatoire de Paris au musée des Arts et Traditions populaires
Authors: Ginouvès Véronique , Descamps Florence , Gétreau Florence 
Published: May 2020

Le Bulletin de l’AFAS, Sonorités, inaugure sa rubrique « Portraits » par un extrait de l’entretien mené par Véronique Ginouvès et Florence Descamps le 16 janvier 2019 auprès de Florence Gétreau, directrice de recherche émérite au CNRS1. Sonorités souhaite donner la parole à celles et ceux qui ont œuvré et compté dans le domaine des archives sonores, orales et audiovisuelles. Florence Gétreau évoque son itinéraire de chercheuse et de conservatrice dans le domaine de la musique et plus particulièrement de l’iconographie musicale. Nous avons retenu ce qui concerne sa formation en histoire de l’art et en musicologie, sa rencontre avec Georges Henri Rivière et ses dix années comme conservatrice du département de la Musique et de la Parole au musée national des Arts et Traditions populaires (MNATP), dont le Mucem est en partie issu. Elle a quitté les Musées nationaux en 2004 pour diriger l’Institut de recherche sur le patrimoine musical en France2.
Human Term Pregnancy Decidual NK Cells Generate Distinct Cytotoxic Responses
Authors: de Mendonça Vieira Ricardo , Meagher Ava , Crespo Ângela C. , Kshirsagar Sarika K. , Iyer Vidya , Norwitz Errol R. , Strominger Jack L. , Tilburgs Tamara 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Decidual NK cells (dNK) are the main lymphocyte population in early pregnancy decidual mucosa. Although dNK decrease during pregnancy, they remain present in decidual tissues at term. First trimester dNK facilitate trophoblast invasion, provide protection against infections, and were shown to have many differences in their expression of NKRs, cytokines, and cytolytic capacity compared with peripheral blood NK cells (pNK). However, only limited data are available on the phenotype and function of term pregnancy dNK. In this study, dNK from human term pregnancy decidua basalis and decidua parietalis tissues were compared with pNK and first trimester dNK. Profound differences were found, including: 1) term pregnancy dNK have an increased degranulation response to K562 and PMA/ionomycin but lower capacity to respond to human CMV–infected cells; 2) term pregnancy dNK are not skewed toward recognition of HLA-C, as was previously shown for first trimester dNK; and 3) protein and gene expression profiles identified multiple differences between pNK, first trimester, and term pregnancy dNK, suggesting term pregnancy dNK are a distinct type of NK cells. Understanding the role of dNK throughout pregnancy is of high clinical relevance for studies aiming to prevent placental inflammatory disorders as well as maternal-to-fetal transmission of pathogens.
Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine
Authors: Madhavan Anitha , Palappallil Dhanya Sasidharan , Balakrishnapanicker Jayalakshmy , Asokan Anjana 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Hepatitis B virus infection is a major public health problem in India, and all health-care workers (HCWs) need to be immunized to prevent occupational exposure. This study was done to find the hepatitis B vaccination rates, immune response, and predictors of titer <10 mIU/ml among students and HCWs of a tertiary care institution in the state of Kerala.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Government TD Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India, for a period of 1½ years between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2017. Vaccination rates were collected through a screening proforma. Of the 1321 participants who filled the screening proforma, 5 ml of blood was collected aseptically from 579 participants who were fully vaccinated (all the three doses of vaccine) and stored at −20°C until antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) assay was done using Microlisa (Biorad). Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 16.0. (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) (trial version).

Statistical Analysis:
Descriptive data were expressed using frequencies and percentages, and Chi-square test was applied to find the association between antibody titer <10 mIU/ml and independent variables.

Results:
Of the 1321 participants who filled up the screening proforma, the vaccination rate was 72.6%. Majority of the participants, i.e. 83.5% of doctors, 81.1% of nurses, 69.7% of students, and 21.4% of technicians, had taken all the three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Of the fully vaccinated (n = 959) participants, 76.9% had the vaccination during adulthood and only 26.1% had it during childhood. The correlate of protection was defined as the presence of anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/ml. The mean antibody titer was 448 ± 284.97 mIU/ml ranging from 9.8 to 2000. Of the 579 participants whose titer was checked, 71 (12.3%) had a nonprotective titer of <10 mIU/ml. We found that age >35 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.12–6.99]), last dose >10 years (OR: 5.01, 95% CI: 2.94–8.55), no boosters or revaccination (OR: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.42–6.07), and body mass index (BMI) >25 (OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.44–3.39) were associated with nonprotective titer.

Conclusion:
More than a quarter of the study population who were at high risk of exposure were unvaccinated or partially vaccinated. Even after taking the full course of hepatitis B vaccine, 12.3% had titer <10 mIU/ml. Nonprotective titer was found to be associated with age >35 years, last dose taken >10 years ago, no boosters/revaccination, and BMI ≥25.
Implementation of an educational program to promote research ethics in undergraduate medical students
Authors: Patel Tejal C. , Tripathi Raakhi K. , Bagle Tushar R. , Rege Nirmala N. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
MBBS students lack training in research ethics which is crucial when they enter clinical practice and venture into clinical research in future. This study was planned to implement an educational module to build concepts in research ethics

Objective:
To assess the change in the knowledge and attitude of medical students towards research ethics.

Methods:
The study was initiated after obtaining institutional ethics committee approval. It was an interventional study, conducted on 2nd MBBS students (N=130) subjected to an educational program which comprised of three modules viz., theme lectures, educational visits and small group case based learning. A prevalidated questionnaire(35 items), was administered at baseline and at the end of 3 modules, to assess the change in the knowledge gained and in the attitude towards ethics in animal and human research. Feedback was obtained from students and faculty to assess the outcome of this program.

Results:
On analyzing the knowledge gained post intervention in 130 students, it was observed that in the post test for the items on ethics committee- need and composition, principles of research ethics was answered correctly by more number of students, which was statistically significant. The statistically significant positive change was observed for attitude of these students towards both animal and human research ethics. Case based discussions provided better understanding of ethical practices and its importance in conducting research as responded by majority students and faculty.

Conclusions:
Educational program on research ethics enhanced learning and brought about the positive attitudinal change. Majority students’ and faculty appreciated the program and considered it as relevant for undergraduate training.
Drug use pattern for emergency psychiatric conditions in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Jalgaonkar Sharmila V. , Mapara Tausif I. , Parmar Urwashi I. , Patil Mahesh L. , Adarkar Shilpa , Parkar Shubhangi 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
Psychiatric emergencies (PEs) are defined as acute disturbances of thought, mood, behavior, or social relationships requiring immediate interventions. The common emergency psychiatrics are attempted suicide, severe anxiety, schizophrenia, acute psychosis, substance abuse, acute panic attacks, drug toxicities, and extrapyramidal reactions. Emergency physicians in the general hospital may face the challenge of assessing and managing patients in PEs. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical pattern and drug use pattern for PEs at a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional, observational study where patients presenting to emergency medical services of a tertiary care hospital were recruited after approval from Institutional Ethics Committee and written informed consent. Demographic details, diagnosis, medication details, cost of the treatment, and adherence to guidelines in the management of emergency psychiatric conditions were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was applied to analyze the data.

Results:
In 110 patients, a total number of drugs prescribed were 463 (mean: 4.21 drugs/prescription). The most commonly used psychotropic drug in emergency setting was found to be risperidone (19.39%), followed by lorazepam (13.60%) and clonazepam (4.28%). The most common diagnoses were substance abuse (32.72%) and schizophrenia (21.81%). About 74.5% of the physicians prescribed drugs abiding by the standard guidelines. The average total cost incurred by patients was about Rs. 366.

Conclusion:
The most commonly used drugs in emergency treatment found in this study are risperidone, followed by lorazepam and haloperidol.