bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoring the body: changes in body self in the course of a focusing and arts-based therapy program for female interpersonal trauma survivors
Authors: Zielona-Jenek Monika , Sakson-Obada Olga , Czapczyńska Agnieszka 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a therapeutic program for female survivors of interpersonal trauma, among others, of domestic violence. The participating women took part in four two-day modules in a group setting during which they were offered focusing training and arts-based Gestalt therapy. The effectiveness of the interventions was evaluated in terms of improvements in body image and body experience, according to the model of body self as developed by Sakson-Obada.Participants and procedureThe Body-Self Questionnaire, the Affective Body Image test and the Draw-a-Woman test were administered to 21 participants before and after the program.ResultsAfter the therapy, the participants reported a reduction of disturbances in their body experience (interpretation and regulation of emotions and bodily needs and in body identity). In the body image domain, increased body satisfaction was observed using both declarative and projective tools – the women were also more likely to draw uncovered parts of the female body. Although improvements were noted in most of the women, three of them reported an increase in difficulties, mainly in the body image domain.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated that: (1) a combination of the two techniques, i.e., focusing training and art included in the Gestalt group therapy program, resulted in satisfactory changes in body image and body experience; (2) the therapy’s effects should be monitored in the context of a woman’s various life situations; and (3) the use of both declarative and non-declarative methods can be recommended to assess the effectiveness of body-centered therapy.
Motives for and barriers to exercising across trimesters of pregnancy in health club members
Authors: White Erin , Pfeifer Karin , Holzman Claudia , Pivarnik James 
Published: February 2020

PurposeDetermining the motives for and barriers to physical activity (PA) during pregnancy may help to promote PA throughout gestation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the most frequent motives for and barriers to maternal exercise by trimester in exercising and non-exercising women who belonged to a health club.MethodsA retrospective, online survey was available to the participating women. They stated the top 3 motives and barriers for exercise during each trimester. Frequencies and chi-squared test proportions were calculated.ResultsThe study involved 295 women. The most commonly reported motives for exercise during each trimester was to stay healthy (37.4%, 35.5%, and 32.9%, respectively) and to control weight (19.8%, 27.1%, and 25.5%, respectively). The most commonly reported barrier to exercise was lack of energy/tiredness in all trimesters (27.0%, 18.9%, and 19.4%, respectively). During trimesters 1 and 3, trimester-specific barriers such as pregnancy-related illness (18.5%) and exercise being too uncomfortable (17.2%) emerged, respectively.ConclusionsPA motives and barriers did not change statistically significantly by trimester regardless of exercise status (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Although not explored in this study, tailoring PA messages to overcome the most salient barriers in each trimester, such as education regarding how to modify PA in the third trimester to make exercise more comfortable, may be more
effective than promoting general health benefits of PA during pregnancy.
Differences in activation of the vastus lateralis muscle during maximal exercise test between very-low-birth-weight preterm and full-term children
Authors: Davidson Josy , Tsopanoglou Sabrina Pinheiro , Dourado Victor Zuniga , Carvas Jr Nelson , Nunes Dos Santos Amélia Miyashiro , Goulart Ana Lucia , Solé Dirceu 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo compare the pattern of the electrical activation of the vastus lateralis muscle during a maximal exercise test between children born prematurely and full-term.MethodsThe study was conducted in preterm children born at less than 37 weeks of gestational age with a birth weight of less than 1500 g aged 6–9 years compared with children born at term of the same age. A rapidly incremental exercise test on a treadmill was performed, and surface electromyography signals of the vastus lateralis muscle were collected throughout the test. The root mean square (RMS) was calculated every minute. The Mann-Whitney and Friedman’s tests were applied to verify the differences in each minute between and within groups, and nonlinear regression analysis was performed to establish the factors associated with the pattern of vastus lateralis activation.ResultsOverall, 68 children were analysed: 37 in the premature group and 31 in the term group. The preterm group showed higher RMS values than the full-term group throughout the test, with significant differences at rest and in the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th minutes of the exercise test. Particularly, the preterm group presented 28.5% higher RMS values than the term group throughout the analysed period.ConclusionsThe lower limbs of the children born prematurely showed higher excitability than those of the children born at full-term. These data could help maintain and/or improve their physical ability during exercise tests.
The effects of small-sided soccer games on technical actions and skills: A systematic review
Authors: Clemente Filipe Manuel , Sarmento Hugo 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis systematic review aims to describe evidence of the effects of different small-sided soccer games (SSGs) on technical actions and technical performance. The article systematically reviews and organizes the effects of the most common task conditions and characterizes the methodologies employed in previous studies.MethodsA systematic review of Web of Science, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus databases was conducted in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search returned 339 records. After screening against the set criteria, a total of 37 full articles were fully reviewed.ResultsThe main topics related to consequences of technical actions were (1) effects of different formats; (2) effects of different pitch sizes, relative area per player, pitch restrictions and configurations; (3) effects of different task conditions; (4) effects of age group, experience, and technical skill; and (5) effects of different training regimens or structured training programs. Briefly, it was concluded that smaller formats meaningfully increased the number of determinant technical actions performed when compared with medium and larger formats (5 vs. 5 to 11 vs. 11). Furthermore, smaller amounts of relative area per player meaningfully increased most technical actions made by players. The use of free play increased the number of technical actions taken, while imposing a 1-touch limitation raised the number of involvements but also the frequencies of errors and balls lost.ConclusionsThis systematic review reveals that each of the above-mentioned topics has a meaningful impact on the frequencies of technical actions and success during SSGs.
Cardiopulmonary function in breast cancer patients versus healthy control women
Authors: Odynets Tetiana , Briskin Yuriy , Ikkert Oksana , Todorova Valentina , Yefremova Anzhelika 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionThe study investigated cardiopulmonary function in breast cancer patients versus healthy control women.MethodsOverall, 115 women after breast cancer surgery and 50 healthy controls were included. The outcome measures were spirographic and hemodynamic parameters.ResultsMost of the investigated parameters in breast cancer patients were significantly lower than in healthy women. The actual vital capacity (VC) was significantly lower by 0.34 l (<i>p</i> < 0.001), forced vital capacity (FVC) by 0.25 l (<i>p</i> < 0.001), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) by 0.26 l (<i>p</i> < 0.001), peak expiratory flow (PEF) by 0.95 l/s (<i>p</i> < 0.001), maximum expiratory flow25 (MEF25) by 0.98 l/s (<i>p</i> < 0.001), maximum expiratory flow50 (MEF50) by 0.65 l/s (<i>p</i> < 0.001), expiratory reserve volume by 0.48 l (p < 0.001), maximal voluntary ventilation by 22.73 l/min (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The percentage of predicted values of VC, FVC, FEV1, PEF, MEF25, and MEF50 was lower by 9.93% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), 7.39% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), 8.87% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), 15.7% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), 18.09% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and 15.96% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), respectively. As for the cardiovascular system, the actual stroke volume was higher in the control group compared with the main group by 12.20 ml/beat (<i>p</i> < 0.001), stroke index by 8.85 ml/beat/m2 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), cardiac output by 0.87 l/min (<i>p</i> < 0.001), left ventricular work by 0.96 g · m/beat (<i>p</i> < 0.001), LVP by 0.26 W (<i>p</i> < 0.001).ConclusionsCancer treatment negatively affected most cardiorespiratory parameters. The results support the need for physiotherapy intervention in breast cancer patients after treatment.
Physiotherapy practice of early mobilization in intensive care units of selected west Malaysian hospitals: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Yean Lim Yuh , Balaraman Thirumalaya , Swaminathan Narasimman 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionEarly mobilization (EM) in the intensive care unit (ICU) improves clinical outcomes. Despite the positive evidence, the implementation of EM is low in many countries. However, little is known about the practice of EM in ICU by physiotherapists in West Malaysia. Hence, this study was planned to assess the practice of physiotherapist-initiated EM in respiratory ICUs of selected West Malaysian hospitals.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted by using a self-administered questionnaire. The participants were registered physiotherapists with a minimum of 2 years working experience in respiratory ICUs, recruited from private or government hospitals with the convenience sampling method.ResultsOverall, 102 complete responses out of 200 were received. Most respondents stated that they practised EM in ICU, while 73.53% claimed that they mobilized patients with ventilator support. The majority indicated that they used a standard protocol to select patients for EM. The most common factors that influenced the physiotherapists’ clinical decision to perform EM were patient’s medical stability and safety concerns about EM.ConclusionsMost physiotherapists in the selected West Malaysian hospitals stated that they practised EM in ICU. However, studies are required to assess the effectiveness and outcomes of the EM performed by physiotherapists in Malaysia.
A model-based analysis of foliar NOx deposition
Authors: Delaria Erin R. , Cohen Ronald C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Foliar deposition of NO2 removes a large fraction of the global soil-emitted NOx. Understanding the mechanisms of NOx
foliar loss is important for constraining surface ozone, constraining NOx mixing ratios, and assessing the impacts of nitrogen inputs to ecosystems. We
have constructed a 1-D multibox model with representations of chemistry and vertical transport to evaluate the impact of leaf-level processes on
canopy-scale concentrations, lifetimes, and canopy fluxes of NOx. Our model is able to closely replicate canopy fluxes and above-canopy
NOx daytime mixing ratios observed during two field campaigns, one in a western Sierra Nevada pine forest (BEARPEX-2009) and the other in
a northern Michigan mixed hardwood forest (UMBS-2012). We present a conceptual argument for the importance of NO2 dry deposition and
demonstrate that NO2 deposition can provide a mechanistic explanation for the canopy reduction of NOx. We show that foliar
deposition can explain observations suggesting as much as ∼60 % of soil-emitted NOx is removed within forest canopies. Stomatal
conductances greater than 0.1 cm s−1 result in modeled canopy reduction factors in the range of those used in global models,
reconciling inferences of canopy NOx reduction with leaf-level deposition processes. We show that incorporating parameterizations for
vapor pressure deficit and soil water potential has a substantial impact on predicted NO2 deposition in our model, with the percent of
soil NOx removed within one canopy increasing by ∼15 % in wet conditions compared to dry conditions. NO2 foliar
deposition was also found to have a significant impact on ozone and nitrogen budgets under both high- and low-NOx conditions.
Estimating causal networks in biosphere–atmosphere interaction with the PCMCI approach
Authors: Krich Christopher , Runge Jakob , Miralles Diego G. , Migliavacca Mirco , Perez-Priego Oscar , El-Madany Tarek , Carrara Arnaud , Mahecha Miguel D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The dynamics of biochemical processes in terrestrial ecosystems are tightly coupled to local meteorological conditions. Understanding these interactions is an essential prerequisite for predicting, e.g. the response of the terrestrial carbon cycle to climate change. However, many empirical studies in this field rely on correlative approaches and only very few studies apply causal discovery methods.
Here we explore the potential for a recently proposed causal graph discovery algorithm to reconstruct the causal dependency structure underlying biosphere–atmosphere interactions. Using artificial time series with known dependencies that mimic real-world biosphere–atmosphere interactions we address the influence of non-stationarities, i.e. periodicity and heteroscedasticity, on the estimation of causal networks.
We then investigate the interpretability of the method in two case studies. Firstly, we analyse three replicated eddy covariance datasets from a Mediterranean ecosystem. Secondly, we explore global Normalised Difference Vegetation Index time series (GIMMS 3g), along with gridded climate data to study large-scale climatic drivers of vegetation greenness.
We compare the retrieved causal graphs to simple cross-correlation-based approaches to test whether causal graphs are considerably more informative. Overall, the results confirm the capacity of the causal discovery method to extract time-lagged linear dependencies under realistic settings. For example, we find a complete decoupling of the net ecosystem exchange from meteorological variability during summer in the Mediterranean ecosystem. However, cautious interpretations are needed, as the violation of the method's assumptions due to non-stationarities increases the likelihood to detect false links. Overall, estimating directed biosphere–atmosphere networks helps unravel complex multidirectional process interactions. Other than classical correlative approaches, our findings are constrained to a few meaningful sets of relations, which can be powerful insights for the evaluation of terrestrial ecosystem models.
Teologiens rolle i vår tids religionspedagogikk Retrospektive refleksjoner – og et utblikk
Authors: Sagberg Sturla 
Published: February 2020

Religionspedagogisk forskning og undervisning på ulike nivåer – iallfall i Skandinavia – forholder seg i dag til et mangfold av fagtradisjoner, og det har vært reist spørsmål ved om teologien i det hele tatt kan være premissleverandør for religionsfaget når det har sin ramme i offentlig utdanning. Mitt eget fokus har endret seg fra kristendomsundervisning på teologisk basis til religionsfag der teologien som akademisk fag går i dialog med flere andre fag. Dette handler ikke bare om at jeg gikk fra prestetjeneste og bibelskoleundervisning til lærerutdanning. Det har også teologiske grunner.
Machine listening in spatial acoustic scenes with deep networks in different microphone geometries
Authors: Anemüller Jörn 
Published: February 2020

Multi-channel acoustic source localization evaluates direction-dependentinter-microphone differences in order to estimate the position of an acousticsource embedded in an interfering sound field. We here investigate a deep neuralnetwork (DNN) approach to source localization that improves on previous workwith learned, linear support-vector-machine localizers. DNNs with depthsbetween 4 and 15 layers were trained to predict azimuth direction of targetspeech in 72 directional bins of width 5 degree, embedded in an isotropic,multi-speech-source noise field. Several system parameters were varied, inparticular number of microphones in the bilateral hearing aid scenario wasset to 2, 4, and 6, respectively.
Results show that DNNs provide a clear improvement inlocalization performance over a linear classifier reference system.Increasing the number of microphones from 2 to 4 results in a larger increase ofperformance for the DNNs than for the linear system. However, 6 microphonesprovide only a small additional gain. The DNN architectures perform betterwith 4 microphones than the linear approach does with 6 microphones, thusindicating that location-specific information in source-interference scenariosis encoded non-linearly in the sound field.
Impact of examined lymph node count on long-term survival of T1-2N0M0 double primary NSCLC patients after surgery: a SEER study
Authors: Jiang Kan , Zhi Xiaohui , Shen Yue , Ma Yuanyuan , Su Xinyu , Zhou Liqing 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The relationship between examined lymph nodes (ELN) and survival has been confirmed in several single early-stage malignancies. We studied the association between the ELN count and the long-term survival of T1-2N0M0 double primary non-small cell lung cancer (DP-NSCLC) patients after surgery, based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.

Methods
A total of 948 patients were identified and their independent prognostic factors were analyzed. These factors included the ELN count, which related to overall survival (OS) and the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of synchronous (n = 426) and metachronous (n = 522) T1-2N0M0 DP-NSCLC patients after surgery.

Results
X-tile analysis indicated that the cutoff value for the sum of ELNs was 22 for both OS and CSS in the synchronous DP-NSCLC group. Patients with a sum of ELNs >22 were statistically more likely to survive than those with ≤22 ELNs. X-tile analysis revealed that the ELN count of the second lesion was related to both OS and CSS in the metachronous DP-NSCLC group. The optimal cutoff value was nine. These results were confirmed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that ELN count was highly correlated with the long-term survival of T1-2N0M0 double primary NSCLC patients after surgery.
Albumin/Ag Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using UV-Irradiation and Estimation of Their Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Elsupikhe Randa Fawzi , Alfazani Tahani Soliman , Al-Jazwia Fawzia Muftah , Abo-Eisa Hitham. , Hammad Imperiyka , Sheltami Rasha M. 
Published: February 2020

Nano-scale (less than 100 nm) materials have received wide attention because of their rare properties that differ significantly from a bulk sample of the same material. In this research, a physical irradiation method by using UV lamp was established for preparation nanoparticles colloids of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) with an eco-friendly stabilizer (Albumin). The preparation process was carried out using silver nitrate (AgNO3) in aqueous albumin at room temperature. The effects of UV-irradiation time and the concentrations of Ag+ and albumin on the particle size have been investigated. Moreover, the antibacterial effect of the Ag/Albumin nanoparticles has been tested. The results showed that, the UV–irradiation can influence the Ag-NPs size, which the of Nps decreases with the UV–irradiation increases. The morphological study demonstrated well-dispersed spherical Ag-NPs with an average diameter of about 29 nm at the optimum conditions. The antibacterial results exhibited a significant inhibitory effect for the Ag-NPs that synthesized in this work. The current fabrication method of the silver nanoparticles colloid could be extended to other metals such as Cu- Nps and may possibly find various additional applications.
Incorporating biological modeling into patient‐specific plan verification
Authors: Alexandrian Ara N. , Mavroidis Panayiotis , Narayanasamy Ganesh , McConnell Kristen A. , Kabat Christopher N. , George Renil B. , Defoor Dewayne L. , Kirby Neil , Papanikolaou Nikos , Stathakis Sotirios 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeDose–volume histogram (DVH) measurements have been integrated into commercially available quality assurance systems to provide a metric for evaluating accuracy of delivery in addition to gamma analysis. We hypothesize that tumor control probability and normal tissue complication probability calculations can provide additional insight beyond conventional dose delivery verification methods.MethodsA commercial quality assurance system was used to generate DVHs of treatment plan using the planning CT images and patient‐specific QA measurements on a phantom. Biological modeling was performed on the DVHs produced by both the treatment planning system and the quality assurance system.ResultsThe complication‐free tumor control probability, P+, has been calculated for previously treated intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) patients with diseases in the following sites: brain (−3.9% ± 5.8%), head‐neck (+4.8% ± 8.5%), lung (+7.8% ± 1.3%), pelvis (+7.1% ± 12.1%), and prostate (+0.5% ± 3.6%).ConclusionDose measurements on a phantom can be used for pretreatment estimation of tumor control and normal tissue complication probabilities. Results in this study show how biological modeling can be used to provide additional insight about accuracy of delivery during pretreatment verification.
Dosimetric characterization of a body‐conforming radiochromic sheet
Authors: Wang Yi‐Fang , Dona Olga , Liu Kevin , Adamovics John , Wuu Cheng‐Shie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeA novel radiochromic PRESAGE sheet (Heuris Inc.) with 3 mm thickness has been developed as a measurement tool for 2D dosimetry. Its inherent ability to conform to irregular surfaces makes this dosimeter advantageous for patient surface dosimetry. This study is a comprehensive investigation into the PRESAGE sheet’s dosimetric characteristic, accuracy and its potential use as a dosimeter for clinical applications.MethodsThe characterization of the dosimeter included evaluation of the temporal stability of the dose linearity, reproducibility, measurement uncertainties, dose rate, energy, temperature and angular dependence, lateral response artifacts, percent depth dose curve, and 2D dose measurement. Dose distribution measurements were acquired for regular square fields on a flat and irregular surface and an irregular modulated field on the smooth surface. All measurements were performed using an Epson 11000XL high‐resolution scanner.ResultsThe examined dosimeters exhibit stable linear response, standard error of repeated measurements within 2%, negligible dose rate, energy, and angular dependence. The same linear dose response was measured while the dosimeter was in contact with a heated water surface. Gamma test and histogram analysis of the dose difference between PRESAGE and EBT3 film, PRESAGE and the treatment planning system (TPS) were used to evaluate the measured dose distributions. The PRESAGE sheet dose distributions showed good agreement with EBT3 film and TPS. A discrepancy smaller than the statistical error of the two dosimeters was reported.ConclusionsThis study established a full dosimetric characterization of the PRESAGE sheets with the purpose of laying the foundation for future clinical uses. The results presented here for the comparison of this novel dosimeter with those currently in use reinforce the possibility of using this dosimeter as an alternative for irregular surface dose measurements.