bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of foreign direct investment in advanced business services
Authors: Klimek Artur 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper is aimed at investigating determinants of recent flows of foreign direct investment (FDI) into advanced business services (ABS) in the European Union with the distinction between “old” (till 2004) and “new” member states (after 2004 extension). Special attention is put on the Visegrád countries. The factors affecting location decisions of multinational corporations were analysed at the national and regional level. The latter approach proved to be very effective due to the fact that foreign companies operating in ABS are highly unequally distributed across economies. Indeed, there are only few regions in economies attracting bulk of the operations in ABS.The research method applied in the paper is negative binomial regression, which measures the probability of occurrence of an ABS foreign firm in an economy or a region taking into consideration its characteristics. This research combines macroeconomic, regional and firm-level data. The explanatory variables are divided into two groups: demand and supply. The main conclusion is the high significance of the supply factors. In other words, foreign companies focus on locations offering large number of skilled workers at reasonable prices. The key recommendation for governments interested in attracting ABS type of investment is to focus on the quality of human capital.
How to evaluate the quality of remuneration policy? Evidence from the Polish banking sector
Authors: Słomka-Gołębiowska Agnieszka , Urbanek Piotr 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn our paper we use an institutional perspective to define the concept of the quality of remuneration policy. Traditional perspective focuses on pay-per-performance relationship between top executives' remuneration and companies' performance. This study is based on the assumption that the acquisition of normatively defined compensation practices and structures is more important for the successful organization than the practices which enhance efficiency defined on the basis of input (compensation) – output (company's performance) relationship. We examine the relationship between the quality of executive remuneration policy and corporate governance standards in banks with a controlling blockholder. Based on the sample of a hand-collected data on corporate governance characteristics, executive remuneration, and financial results of all public banks in Poland from 2005 to 2015, we find that the effective implementation of sound corporate governance practices should be rooted in the form of obligatory normative acts. Consistent with other studies we find a positive and statistically significant relationship between the corporate governance measures and the quality of remuneration policy. In particular, our study shows the significant role of two institutional factors positively determining the efficiency of incentive contracts: remuneration committees and institutional ownership. We also find that the banks controlled by foreign corporations, especially the US–UK–Ireland financial institutions, have a significantly more effective compensation policy than the banks controlled by domestic investors.
A survey on application of machine learning to manage the virtual machines in cloud computing
Authors: Barthwal Varun , Rauthan M.M.S. , Varma Rohan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVirtual machine (VM) management is a fundamental challenge in the cloud datacenter, as it requires not only scheduling and placement, but also optimization of the method to maintain the energy cost and service quality. This paper reviews the different areas of literature that deal with the resource utilization prediction, VM migration, VM placement and the selection of physical machines (PMs) for hosting the VMs. The main features of VM management policies were also examined using a comparative analysis of the current policies. Many research works include Machine Learning (ML) for detecting the PM overloading, the selection of VMs from over-utilized PM and VM placement as the main activities. This article aims to identify and classify research done in the area of scheduling and placement of VMs using the ML with resource utilization history. Energy efficiency, VM migration counts and Service quality were the key performance parameters that were used to assess the performance of the cloud datacenter.
Myristic acid as phase change material (PCM) for increased productivity of solar distillation plant
Authors: Ketut Caturwati Ni , Yusvardi Yusuf , Muhamad Komara Fajar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe availability of freshwater is increasingly becoming an international concern because of the increase in population and the diminishing forest area as a source of water, leading to a freshwater crisis. The coastal and swamp areas abound in water, but humans cannot consume it due to the quality. One effort that can be done in overcoming this problem is by treating existing raw water with solar distillation methods. However, the main obstacle faced in this method is the intensity of sunlight that is not stable throughout the day so that the productivity of distilled water is disrupted. Using the appropriate phase change material (PCM) is expected to make the distillation process smoother and increase the production of pure water. In this study, myristic acid was used as PCM in double slope solar distillation system. Through observation, it was obtained that the average water temperature in the basin equaled to 42.5 °C while the melting point of the myristic acid was 58 °C. This shows that the use of myristic acid as an energy storage through phase change process does not occur. Therefore, the use of myristic acid as PCM for increasing the productivity of solar distillation in these experiments is not effective because the melting point of PCM is higher than water temperature in the basin. Therefore, material with a phase change temperature below 42.5 °C is more appropriate to use in these conditions.
Enteric pathogens in German police officers after predominantly tropical deployments – A retrospective assessment over 5 years
Authors: Halfter Matthias , Müseler Ulrich , Hagen Ralf Matthias , Frickmann Hagen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe study was performed to assess the infection risk of German police officers on predominantly tropical deployments, mostly United Nations missions, with gastrointestinal pathogens.MethodsPolice officers were offered PCR-based screening for gastrointestinal pathogens before and after deployment. The screening panel comprised enteroinvasive bacteria (Salmonella spp., Shigella spp./enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and Yersinia spp.), enteropathogenic protozoa (Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Cyclospora cayetanensis), as well as enteric helminths (Ancyclostoma spp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Hymenolepis nana, Necator americanus, African Schistosoma spp., Strongyloides stercoralis, Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, and Trichuris trichiura).ResultsG. duodenalis (n = 3), C. jejuni (n = 2), Salmonella spp. (n = 1), Shigella spp./enteroinvasive E. coli (n = 3), and S. stercoralis (n = 3) were detect in 12 out of 133 (9.0%) police officers. The majority had shown gastrointestinal symptoms on deployment and all were asymptomatic at the time of medical assessment. The major infection sites were Sub-Saharan Africa followed by Northern Africa and the Middle East.ConclusionsDeployment of police officers to tropical deployment sites on United Nations missions is associated with a considerable acquisition risk of gastrointestinal pathogens in a quantitatively relevant minority. Post-deployment screening is advisable to facilitate therapeutic and hygiene-related consequences.
Variations in exercise ventilation in hypoxia will affect oxygen uptake
Authors: Loeppky J.A. , Salgado R.M. , Sheard A.C. , Kuethe D.O. , Mermier C.M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReports of VO2response differences between normoxia and hypoxia during incremental exercise do not agree. In this study VO2andVEwere obtained from 15-s averages at identical work rates during continuous incremental cycle exercise in 8 subjects under ambient pressure (633 mmHg ≈1,600 m) and during duplicate tests in acute hypobaric hypoxia (455 mmHg ≈4,350 m), ranging from 49 to 100% of VO2peak in hypoxia and 42–87% of VO2peak in normoxia. The average VO2was 96 mL/min (619 mL) lower at 455 mmHg (n.s.P= 0.15) during ramp exercises. Individual response points were better described by polynomial than linear equations (mL/min/W). TheVEwas greater in hypoxia, with marked individual variation in the differences which correlated significantly and directly with the VO2difference between 455 mmHg and 633 mmHg (P= 0.002), likely related to work of breathing (Wb). The greaterVEat 455 mmHg resulted from a greater breathing frequency. When a subject's hypoxic ventilatory response is high, the extra work of breathing reduces mechanical efficiency (E). Mean ∆Ecalculated from individual linear slopes was 27.7 and 30.3% at 633 and 455 mmHg, respectively (n.s.). Gross efficiency (GE) calculated from mean VO2and work rate and correcting forWbfrom aVE–VO2relationship reported previously, gave corresponding values of 20.6 and 21.8 (P= 0.05). Individual variation inVEamong individuals overshadows average trends, as also apparent from other reports comparing hypoxia and normoxia during progressive exercise and must be considered in such studies.
Role of caloric vestibular stimulation in improvement of motor symptoms and inhibition of neuronal degeneration in rotenone model of Parkinson's disease – An experimental study
Authors: Thanalakshmi J. , Archana R. , Senthilkumar S. , Shakila R. , Pazhanivel N. , Subhashini S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In order to explore a noninvasive treatment of PD, in the current study the authors evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) using the rotenone-induced rat model of PD. The rotenone models of PD are gaining attention due to high reproducibility. It is also considered to be an improved model to exhibit the pathogenesis of PD and test the neuroprotective effect of various therapeutic interventions.Materials and methodsRotenone was i.p. injected (3 mg/kg body weight) to male Wistar albino rats for 21 days to induce PD. As PD is chronic and progressive in nature, the efficacy of chronic CVS intervention was evaluated for 30 days after inducing PD in rats. Motor symptoms were evaluated by assessing locomotor activity in actophotometer, whereas movement analysis was done using Ludolph test and motor coordination was evaluated using rotarod apparatus. The neurochemical and neuropathological changes were also observed in the corpus striatum of rats.ResultsRotenone administration showed decreased locomotor activity, motor coordination and general movement associated with significant (P < 0.05) reduction in dopamine content in the corpus striatum. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed a marked decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in striatal neurons indicating the significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN) following rotenone injection. However, chronic treatment with CVS restored the nerve terminals in the striatum from rotenone damage. CVS treatment improved the dopaminergic system function by restoring dopamine content in the striatum. CVS also improved the motor deformities clearly suggesting the neuroprotective function.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggested CVS to be a safe and simple neuroprotective measure against neurodegenerative changes in PD and a promising noninvasive technique to overcome the motor symptoms associated with it. The findings could be useful for further investigations and clinical applications of CVS in the treatment of PD.
Utilidade clínica de analisadores de ensaio D-Dímero Point-Of-Care para exclusão de tromboembolismo pulmonar em pacientes com COVID-19
Authors: Silva Roberto , Souza Isabelle , Peregrino Antônio , Pessanha Cássio , Meireles Isabella , Silva Carlos 
Published: October 2020

Introdução: O tromboembolismo pulmonar agudo é uma doença potencialmente fatal e a prevalência entre os pacientes infectados pelo COVID-19 tem aumentado a demandando por exames laboratoriais e de imagem, nem sempre prontamente disponíveis. Os níveis de D-Dímeros podem ser particularmente úteis para exclusão diagnóstica. Objetivo: Avaliar a utilidade clínica de analisadores de ensaio D-Dímero POC para afastar o diagnóstico de TEP em pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de COVID-19. Método: Revisão sistemática e meta-análise. A tecnologia avaliada foi o analisador de ensaio D-Dímero Point-Of-Care. Para a combinar as estimativas de efeito cuja medida foi a diferença entre as média, utilizou-se o modelo de efeito randômico. Resultados: Foram incluídos 10 estudos que avaliaram 14 analisadores Point-Of-Care comparados ao ensaio Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Todos os analisadores Point-Of-Care avaliados apresentaram sensibilidade e VPN superior a 95 e 97% respectivamente, com tempo de retorno do exame em média 95 minutos menor. Conclusão: As evidências sugerem que os uso de analisadores Point-Of-Care para D-Dímero tem utilidade clínica para afastar casos de tromboembolismo pulmonar e outras complicações tromboembólicas em pacientes com COVID-19 atendidos em sala de emergência ou em unidades de atendimento de Atenção Primária.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 Activity Is a Driver of Cyst Growth in Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhang Chao , Balbo Bruno , Ma Ming , Zhao Jun , Tian Xin , Kluger Yuval , Somlo Stefan 
Published: October 2020

Significance Statement
Aberrantly upregulated cell proliferation in kidney tubule cyst cells promotes cyst progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), but how mutations in polycystin genes increase cell proliferation is poorly understood. Unbiased transcriptional profiling in mouse models identified early changes in gene expression following inactivation of polycystins. Cell proliferation was the most upregulated pathway, with cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) a central component. Mouse models with inactivated polycystic kidney disease 1 (Pkd1) alone or with Cdk1 revealed that loss of Cdk1 significantly slowed kidney cyst growth by blocking the increased cell proliferation that follows inactivation of Pkd1. Cdk1, therefore, is a critical driver of cyst cell proliferation, and targeting it effectively inhibits cyst growth in ADPKD.

Background
Mutations in PKD1 and PKD2, which encode the transmembrane proteins polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, respectively, cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Polycystins are expressed in the primary cilium, and disrupting cilia structure significantly slows ADPKD progression following inactivation of polycystins. The cellular mechanisms of polycystin- and cilia-dependent cyst progression in ADPKD remain incompletely understood.

Methods
Unbiased transcriptional profiling in an adult-onset Pkd2 mouse model before cysts formed revealed significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Pkd2 single-knockout kidneys, which were used to identify candidate pathways dysregulated in kidneys destined to form cysts. In vivo studies validated the role of the candidate pathway in the progression of ADPKD. Wild-type and Pkd2/Ift88 double-knockout mice that are protected from cyst growth served as controls.

Results
The RNASeq data identified cell proliferation as the most dysregulated pathway, with 15 of 241 DEGs related to cell cycle functions. Cdk1 appeared as a central component in this analysis. Cdk1 expression was similarly dysregulated in Pkd1 models of ADPKD, and conditional inactivation of Cdk1 with Pkd1 markedly improved the cystic phenotype and kidney function compared with inactivation of Pkd1 alone. The Pkd1/Cdk1 double knockout blocked cyst cell proliferation that otherwise accompanied Pkd1 inactivation alone.

Conclusions
Dysregulation of Cdk1 is an early driver of cyst cell proliferation in ADPKD due to Pkd1 inactivation. Selective targeting of cyst cell proliferation is an effective means of slowing ADPKD progression caused by inactivation of Pkd1.
Murine Epsins Play an Integral Role in Podocyte Function
Authors: Wang Ying , Pedigo Christopher E. , Inoue Kazunori , Tian Xuefei , Cross Elizabeth , Ebenezer Karen , Li Wei , Wang Zhen , Shin Jee Won , Schwartze Eike , Groener Marwin , Ishibe Shuta 
Published: October 2020

Significance StatementWhen podocytes are injured, foot processes efface and detach, leading to severe proteinuria. Endocytic trafficking maintains the integrity of this crucial glomerular interface. Epsins, a family of membrane proteins, assist in the endocytosis and also take part in cell signaling. Mice that have lost podocyte-associated epsins develop proteinuria and kidney failure, due to diminished activity of the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF), which reduces cell division control protein 42 homolog activation andβ1integrin expression. Podocyte-specificSrfknockout mice also demonstrate proteinuria and kidney failure. These findings suggest that, in podocytes, epsins are required to coordinate a proper signaling platform, beyond their known endocytic properties.BackgroundEpsins, a family of evolutionarily conserved membrane proteins, play an essential role in endocytosis and signaling in podocytes.MethodsPodocyte-specificEpn1,Epn2,Epn3triple-knockout mice were generated to examine downstream regulation of serum response factor (SRF) by cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42).ResultsPodocyte-specific loss of epsins resulted in increased albuminuria and foot process effacement. Primary podocytes isolated from these knockout mice exhibited abnormalities in cell adhesion and spreading, which may be attributed to reduced activation of cell division control protein Cdc42 and SRF, resulting in diminishedβ1integrin expression. In addition, podocyte-specific loss ofSrfresulted in severe albuminuria and foot process effacement, and defects in cell adhesion and spreading, along with decreasedβ1integrin expression.ConclusionsEpsins play an indispensable role in maintaining properly functioning podocytes through the regulation of Cdc42 and SRF-dependentβ1integrin expression.
The Definition of Money Grand Received as a Key Determinant of Venture Investment Size in IT Russian Based Startups
Authors: Rodionov Ivan , Semenov Alexander , Oskin Aleksey 
Published: October 2020

Since 2006, Russian policymakers have been actively taking various measures to stimulate the venture capital market. Government venture capital funds are being created, for example, the Russian Venture Company with a capital of 15 billion rubles. Since 2011, thanks to the new legal mechanism, state-owned companies begin to invest in private venture funds. These measures have led to increased fundraising for startups. The main mechanism of such financing is grant support for young companies. According to 2018, the amount of grants to the total amount of funds raised in Russia is one of the highest among developed and developing countries, for comparison in the USA, it is more than 2.5 times lower. The venture market specifics is such that when deciding whether to invest in a company, investors inevitably turn their attention to the previous rounds of financing the company. The purpose of the work is to analyze the effect of the money grant received on the volumes of attracting subsequent financing.
To analyze the impact of the receiving money grant, the determinant approach was used, as the most common in research on this topic. Based on a sample of 184 Russian IT startups, two OLS models have built to show the effect of money grant size to follow-on investment rounds.
As a result, various sets of determinants were considered that explain the volume of investments attracted by startups for both international markets and the Russian market. In addition, an excursus was conducted to study the effectiveness of government venture funds, which are the main grantors in the Russian venture market. Based on the results of previous studies on this topic, it was shown that the size of the money grant has a positive effect on the amount of funding attracted in both follow-on rounds. For comparison, a number of previous studies of the Russian venture capital market show that the investment size of the current round has influenced only by the previous fundraising. Such a result testifies to the attractiveness for investors Russian IT startups that received grant support.
The scientific novelty of the article is that the amount of funding attracted by startups is explained by such a specific indicator as grant support. In addition, the results obtained have certain practical value for those who invest in Russian startups. Investing in startups that received grants increases the likelihood of an exit for the investor in the next investment round.
Actual issues of calculating the term of imprisonment when set off the time of detention and house arrest
Authors: Avdeeva Ekaterina V. 
Published: October 2020

The subject of the study is to consider the issues regarding the set-off of the time spent in custody or house arrest at the time of punishment, both during the sentencing and during its execution.
The purpose of the study is to disclose the problematic issues of calculating the period of detention subject to offsetting the term of imprisonment, the beginning of the term of serving a sentence of imprisonment. The procedure for setting off the time spent by a person under house arrest until a court verdict comes into force is considered if a court imposes a sentence that is not related to isolation from society.
The main results of the study reflect problems in sentencing if the time of detention absorbs the sentence assigned to the defendant by the court, as well as the issues of applying preferential rules for setting off the time of detention in custody when sentencing for the totality of crimes and the totality of sentences, criminal of the law in time when the time in the sentence is set off, for crimes committed before July 14, 2018.
As a fundamental direction, the scientific and practical validity of the criminal law policy and legislative processes, the optimization of the implementation of the criminal law are noted.
Isolation of non-fermenting Gram negative bacteria in respiratory tract infections
Authors: Sharma Shweta , Pujari Sujata , Kumar Sharma Amit 
Published: October 2020

Respiratory tract infections are the most common diseases that are associated with mortality and morbidity. They are often misdiagnosed due to its nonspecific presentation in clinical settings. The risk factors of RTI vary geographically and timely(1). So it is important to evaluate more for RTI causative agents.The non-fermentative Gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) are often associated with RTI. The NFGNB are a group of several different aerobic, non-sporing, Gram negative bacilli that either unable to utilize carbohydrates as a source of energy or withhold them through metabolic pathways other than the fermentation. The study was undertaken to identify various non- fermenters by additional conventional tests, isolated from patients having respiratory tract infection in department of Microbiology, SVPPGIP and SCBMCH Medical college, a Tertiary Care Center, Odisha. Our study also line up the singnificant role of NFGNB as respiratory pathogens.391 (14.6 %) non-fermenters were isolated from 2678 clinical specimens. Out of which NFGNB(391 samples), a total of 143 (36.57%) were from various respiratory samples were included in this study and were isolated on MacConkey and blood agar plates incubated at 35°C for 24-48 hours. Patients mostly belonged to age group of 65 to 80 years and were 96(67%)male. complex 67(46.8%) was the commonest isolate followed by 56(39.1%). While other NFGNB like were isolated in few respiratory samples.The most effective antibiotics were Tigecycline and Polymyxin B/ Colistin, however majority of them showed multidrug resistance.