bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health related quality of life in chronic liver diseases
Authors: Cortesi Paolo A. , Conti Sara , Scalone Luciana , Jaffe Ariel , Ciaccio Antonio , Okolicsanyi Stefano , Rota Matteo , Fabris Luca , Colledan Michele , Fagiuoli Stefano , Belli Luca S. , Cesana Giancarlo , Strazzabosco Mario , Mantovani Lorenzo G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsThe impact of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is relevant to understand the burden of these conditions and inform decision‐making processes related to their care. Studies simultaneously comparing the HRQoL of patients affected by the major CLDs to that of the general population are still lacking and are the subject of this study.MethodsUsing the EQ‐5D‐3L questionnaire, we analysed and compared HRQoL data from 2962 Italian patients affected by CLDs and forming a representative sample of the general Italian population (6800 individuals). Exploratory analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of each CLD on HRQoL, using the general population as reference and adjusting for possible confounders.ResultsPatients with CLDs (HBV, HCV, PSC, PBC, AIH, NAFLD/NASH) in the chronic hepatitis stage and with compensated cirrhosis (CC) showed HRQoL similar to the general population. However, AIH were more likely to report problems in self‐care and lower EQ‐5D VAS score, while NAFLD/NASH and HCV showed an increased risk of anxiety/depression. On the other hand, with progression to more advanced stages of liver disease (DC or HCC), HRQoL decreased significantly with higher risk of reporting problems in the physical domains, and significant reductions in the VAS and utility index scores.ConclusionsDifferent subtypes of CLD affected different QoL domains. This study therefore provides a real estimate of the impact of CLDs on patients’ HRQoL, and represents a much needed tool to inform decision‐making while assessing the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of the care of these patients.
Sulfane Sulfur is an intrinsic signal activating MexR‐regulated antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Xuan Guanhua , Lü Chuanjuan , Xu Huangwei , Chen Zhigang , Li Kai , Liu Honglei , Liu Huaiwei , Xia Yongzhen , Xun Luying 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic human pathogen, deploys several strategies to resist antibiotics. It uses multidrug efflux pumps, including the MexAB‐OprM pump, for antibiotic resistance, and it also produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that provides some defense against antibiotics. MexR functions as a transcriptional repressor of the mexAB‐oprM operon. MexR responds to oxidative stresses caused by antibiotic exposure, and it also displays a growth phase‐dependent derepression of the mexAB‐oprM operon. However, the intrinsic inducer has not been identified. Here, we report that P. aeruginosa PAO1 produced sulfane sulfur, including glutathione persulfide and inorganic polysulfide, produced from either H2S oxidation or from L‐cysteine metabolism. Sulfane sulfur directly reacted with MexR, forming di‐ and trisulfide cross‐links between two Cys residues, to derepress the mexAB‐oprM operon. Levels of cellular sulfane sulfur and mexAB‐oprM expression varied during growth, and both reached the maximum during the stationary phase of growth. Thus, self‐produced H2S and sulfane sulfur may facilitate antibiotic resistance via inducing the expression of antibiotic resistance genes.
A Study of Erich Przywara’s Engagement with National Socialism: A Critical Response to “Historical Criticism”
Authors: Betz John R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUntil recently little attention has been paid to Erich Przywara’s engagement with National Socialism, and understandably so. Subject both to the terms of the Reichskonkordat of 1933 and the censors of the National Socialist regime, Przywara’s own voice and opinions about the regime were effectively stifled, if not completely silenced. In recent years, however, one American scholar, Paul Peterson, has taken Przywara’s muted voice and lack of overt resistance to the regime as a sign of “collaboration” with it. What is more, Peterson has accused Przywara, along with Karl Barth and Hans Urs von Balthasar, not only of fascist sympathies, but also of anti‐Semitism. It is shown here, however, not only that Peterson’s conclusions with regard to Przywara are mistaken, but that they seriously misrepresent Przywara’s thought and unjustly impugn his character. The first point of this article, accordingly, is to defend Przywara against Peterson’s charges, specifically, that of his supposed fascist sympathy with the National‐Socialist regime, just as I defended Przywara in an earlier article against the charge of anti‐Semitism. The positive point of this article (and the preceding), however, which Peterson’s scholarship has fortunately occasioned, is to clarify Przywara’s actual cultural and political views, and thereby contribute to a more adequate understanding of his role in twentieth‐century theology—not just as a respected Catholic metaphysician and philosopher of religion, but as a pioneer of Catholic dialogue with the modern world.
Community nurses and chronic disease in Israel: Professional dominance as a social justice issue
Authors: Nissanholtz–Gannot Rachel , Shapiro Ephraim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChronic diseases are major causes of health inequalities. Community nurses can potentially make large contributions to chronic illness prevention and management in Israel but may be obstructed by professional dominance of physicians. However, insufficient research exists about community nursing in Israel, and how it may differ from other countries. This study aims to document chronic disease‐related community nursing roles in Israel, identify changes and trends in community nursing roles that may increase social justice, and understand how the roles and trends in community health nursing in Israel may differ from developments in other countries. In‐depth interviews were performed with 55 Israeli health system professionals, and 692 nurse care‐givers were asked open‐ended questions. Interview answers were analyzed to find themes and trends. The study found that community nurse roles in Israel have expanded, especially for chronic disease control. Commonalities exist with countries such as the United States and the UK, albeit with important differences. However, continued conflicts with physicians exist, which can limit nurses' contributions to reducing health inequalities. Community nurses' importance is growing. Enabling them to overcome professional dominance and improve chronic disease control can help reduce health inequalities in Israel and elsewhere.
Preliminary development and validation of the Patient‐Physician Relationship Scale for physicians for disorders of gut‐brain interaction
Authors: Feingold Jordyn H. , Drossman Douglas A. , Chey William , Kurlander Jacob E. , Morris Carolyn B. , Bangdiwala Shrikant , Keefer Laurie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn effective patient‐physician relationship (PPR) is essential to the care of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). After developing a PPR questionnaire for patients, we sought to develop and validate an IBS‐specific instrument to measure physician expectations of the PPR.MethodsWe conducted focus groups about PPRs among 15 clinicians who treat patients with IBS from community and academic centers. Qualitative analysis was used to generate the Patient‐Physician Relationship Scale ‐PhysicianResultsThe PPRS‐Physician contained 35 questions pertaining to interpersonal and psychosocial features considered desirable or undesirable in a relationship with IBS patients. 1113 physicians (22%) completed the survey. Physicians were predominantly middle‐aged (mean = 55.1 years), male (85.0%), white (74.5%), and practiced primarily within group settings (61.6%), with an average of 25.7% of their patients having IBS. Factor analysis revealed three relevant factors: interfering attributes, positive attributes, and personal connection. The scale ranged from possible 0 to 100 (mean = 83.8; SD = 8.38). Cronbach's alpha reliability measure of the scale was 0.938, indicating high internal consistency. There was a significant moderate, positive correlation between JSPE and the PPRS (P < 0.001, r = 0.488), establishing concurrent validity.ConclusionsWe describe the development and validation of the first questionnaire to measure physician expectations of the PPR. This instrument can be used clinically, and for future studies on physician communication.
Updates on diagnostic modalities for esophageal dysphagia
Authors: Lazarescu Adriana , Chan Walter W. , Gyawali C. Prakash , Lee Yeong Yeh , Xiao Yinglian , Wu Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEsophageal dysphagia is a common symptom in adults. Fluoroscopic contrast studies, endoscopy, and esophageal manometry have been used in the diagnosis of esophageal dysphagia for many years. The diagnostic yield has been improved with new test protocols that highlight abnormal bolus transit in the esophagus and outflow obstruction, as well as new high‐definition and high‐resolution technical advances in equipment. Functional luminal impedance planimetry and the addition of impedance to high‐resolution esophageal manometry have also allowed the assessment of new parameters to better understand esophageal structure and function. In this concise review, we describe the role and utility of various diagnostic modalities in the assessment of patients with esophageal dysphagia.
Fludarabine‐based reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patient with IL10 receptor deficiency
Authors: Kheder Maged , Behfar Maryam , Farajifard Hamid , Ali Tahani , Hkima Abou Fakher Faihaa , Hamidieh Amir Ali 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIL‐10R deficiency results in severe immune dysregulation. Herein, we describe the successful treatment of a girl aged 6.8 years with IL10R deficiency by using RIC prior to HSCT from a matched unrelated donor. The regimen was well tolerated, the engraftment was completely attained. On a follow‐up of 7 months, the patient remained in good medical conditions with full donor chimerism. All complications before HSCT were completely resolved and her growth was accelerated. RIC regimen might be adequate to induce permanent engraftment and avoid severe organ toxicity in IL‐10R deficiency patients.
Temporal disease dynamics and relative importance of sexual and asexual reproduction of grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) in an isolated vineyard in the North Georgia Mountains, USA
Authors: Hong Cheng‐Fang , Brewer Marin T. , Brannen Phillip M. , Scherm Harald 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe North Georgia Mountains are the southernmost region along the United States East Coast where European wine grapes (Vitis vinifera) are grown commercially. Epidemics of downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, are frequent and severe, but little is known about the epidemiology and population biology of the pathogen in this region. Disease monitoring in an experimental vineyard from 2015 to 2017 indicated that times of disease onset and progress rates were highly variable across years and cultivars. Oospores were observed microscopically, and simulation with a process‐based model indicated presence of conditions favourable for oospore germination in the spring and early summer each year. A total of 409 P. viticola isolates collected over three years were genotyped with seven microsatellite markers, revealing very high genotypic diversity, which when combined with the observation of oospores is indicative of a sexually reproducing population. Among the 409 isolates, 225 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified, of which 164 were detected only once and 61 were repeated (clonal). Eight MLGs (represented by 28 isolates) were detected across years, suggesting the possibility of asexual overwintering of P. viticola in this region. Across sampling dates, the percentage of isolates belonging to nonrepeated (unique) MLGs ranged from 27.3% to 63.2%. Even towards the end of the annual epidemic, the percentage of isolates in nonrepeated MLGs was still relatively high, around 30%. These MLGs may have originated from oospores germinating late during the growing season, although incomplete sampling at earlier dates and contribution by immigration cannot be fully excluded.
Informative use of “not” is N400‐blind
Authors: Palaz Bilge , Rhodes Ryan , Hestvik Arild 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile sentence processing is generally a highly incremental and predictive process, negation seems to present an exception to this generalization. Two‐step models of negation processing claim that predicate negation is computed only after the meaning of the core proposition has been computed. Several ERP studies eliciting the N400 (an index of semantic integration or lexical expectation) have found a “negation‐blind” pattern of N400 results, suggesting that the negation has not been integrated into the overall sentence meaning by the time the critical word for the N400 is encountered. Recent research, however, showed that the N400 was sensitive to the negation‐modulated truth value of the sentence when negation was pragmatically licensed. We investigate the possibility that negation‐blind N400 is due to under‐informativeness of stimuli in past experiments. We found that ERPs to simple class‐exclusion statements (“A hammer is not a bird”) still exhibit negation blindness, even when negation is presented in a more meaningful context. The current findings provide new support for late/non‐incremental interpretation of negation even when negation is pragmatically licensed.
Greater childhood cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with better top‐down cognitive control: A midfrontal theta oscillation study
Authors: Hsieh Shu‐Shih , Chueh Ting‐Yu , Morris Timothy P. , Kao Shih‐Chun , Westfall Daniel R. , Raine Lauren B. , Hopman Rachel J. , Pontifex Matthew B. , Castelli Darla M. , Kramer Arthur F. , Hillman Charles H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and electroencephalogram‐based neural oscillations, using midfrontal theta, during an inhibitory control task in children. One‐hundred seventy‐one school‐aged children (mean age = 8.9 ± 0.6 years; 46% girls) were recruited. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by a test of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak) while inhibitory control performance was measured via a modified flanker task with an electroencephalogram. Behavioral findings demonstrated that higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with higher response accuracy regardless of task difficulty as well as lower response variability during trials with lower cognitive demand. Neuroelectric outcomes revealed that higher cardiorespiratory fitness was correlated with smaller modulation of theta (4–7 Hz) oscillatory power regardless of task difficulty. Collectively, the current findings indicate that higher cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with better performance on a task that modulates inhibitory control, signified by higher, and more stable, task performance. More importantly, higher childhood cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with better top‐down control and cortical communication, as reflected by midfrontal theta. Such findings support the critical role of cardiorespiratory fitness in brain health during childhood.
Inflation and income distribution in Central America, Mexico, Panama, and the Dominican Republic
Authors: Garcimartín Carlos , Astudillo Jhonatan , Martínez André 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnalyses of the impact of inflation on income distribution typically only consider the general inflation rate. However, when the consumption structure of households is shaped by its income level and inflation varies across goods and services, they are affected differently by inflation. The aim of this study is to contribute to the analysis of this effect in Central American countries (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica), Panama, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic (CAPMDR) for the period 2007–2018. According to our findings, there have been significant differences in the inflation rates faced by different income groups. By employing these percentile‐specific inflation rates, we have computed an “inflation‐corrected Gini index.” This adjustment is important because although inequality has been decreasing during past years in the countries in our sample, on average, about half of the gains observed using the standard Gini index are lost once the Gini indices are corrected for inflation, a clearly nonnegligible magnitude.
Acute metabolic responses after continuous or interval exercise in post‐menopausal women with overweight or obesity
Authors: Dupuit Marine , Boscaro Audrey , Bonnet Alban , Bouillon Patrice , Bruno Pereira , Morel Claire , Rance Mélanie , Boisseau Nathalie 
Published: September 2020

This pilot study compared the effects of acute high‐intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) and moderate‐intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on post‐exercise VO2, fat utilization, and 24‐hours energy balance to understand the mechanism of higher fat mass reduction observed after high‐intensity interval training in post‐menopausal women with overweight/obesity. 12 fasted women (59.5 ± 5.8 years; BMI: 28.9 ± 3.9 kg·m−2) completed three isoenergetic cycling exercise sessions in a counterbalanced, randomized order: (a) MICE [35 minutes at 60%‐65% of peak heart rate, HRmax], (b) HIIE 1 [60 × (8‐s cycling‐12‐s recovery) at 80%‐90% of HRmax], and (c) HIIE 2 [10 × 1min at 80%‐90% of HRmax − 1‐min recovery]. Then, VO2 and fat utilization measured at rest and during the 2 hours post‐exercise, enjoyment, perceived exertion, and appetite recorded during the session and energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE) assessed over the next 24 hours were compared for the three modalities. Overall, fat utilization increased after exercise. No modality effect or time‐modality interaction was observed concerning VO2 and fat oxidation rate during the 2 hours post‐exercise. The two exercise modalities did not induce specific EI and EE adaptations, but perceived appetite scores at 1 hour post‐exercise were lower after HIIE 1 and HIIE 2 than MICE. Perceived exertion was higher during HIIE 1 and HIIE 2 than MICE, but enjoyment did not differ among modalities. The acute HIIE responses did not allow explaining the greater fat mass loss observed after regular high‐intensity interval training in post‐menopausal women with overweight/obesity. More studies are needed to understand the mechanisms involved in such adaptations.
Antemortem diagnosis of congenital glaucoma in a white‐bellied caique (Pionites leucogaster)
Authors: Cococcetta Ciro , Collarile Tommaso , Masi Marco , Giudice Chiara , Selleri Paolo , Huynh Minh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA 34‐day‐old, male, white‐bellied caique (Pionites leucogaster) was presented for a complaint of bilateral buphthalmos. Clinical examination was unremarkable apart from the ophthalmic findings. The ophthalmologic examination was negative for direct, consensual, and dazzle reflexes in both eyes. The intraocular pressure exceeded 40 mm Hg OU. Fluorescein stain demonstrated corneal surface lesions suggestive of exposure keratopathy subsequent to bilateral buphthalmos. Diagnostic imaging tests were conducted to perform ocular biometric measurements and investigate the intraocular structures, including the iridocorneal angle and lens, by means of high‐resolution ultrasonography (HRUS). The presence of congenital glaucoma in this young parrot was strongly suspected after clinical and ophthalmological examination and the results of diagnostic imaging. Pharmacological treatment to reduce intraocular pressure was initiated using dorzolamide hydrochloride 2% and timolol maleate 0.5%. A month later, the parrot's eyes did not show any visual improvement, but the intraocular pressure had returned to normal. The parrot was unable to feed itself and died during a feeding procedure. Postmortem examination revealed ab ingestis pneumonia. Both eyes were submitted for histopathology, with severe anterior segment dysplasia and goniodysgenesis found OU. Histological findings added to the clinical presentation, the ophthalmologic examination and the imaging findings, confirmed the presence of congenital glaucoma.
Responses of Lolium spp. to glufosinate ammonium application at different temperatures
Authors: Mucheri Tendai , Pieterse Petrus J. , Reinhardt Carl F. , Kleinert Aleysia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn experiment to investigate why glufosinate ammonium control of Lolium spp. is more effective at cooler temperatures than warmer temperatures was conducted at Welgevallen Experimental Farm, Stellenbosch University. Wild Lolium spp. was grown at 10/15, 15/20, 20/25 and 25/30°C (night and day) temperature regimes and treated with glufosinate ammonium at 0, 300, 600, 900 and 1,200 g a.i./ha, 6 weeks after planting. Control of Lolium spp. decreased with increasing temperature. Results from elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence imaging and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) investigations allude to calcium accumulation, cuticle thickness and plant phenolic compounds playing roles in the response of Lolium spp. to this herbicide. Increased cuticle thickness and calcium accumulation as temperatures increase indicate promotion of plant defence mechanisms through increased phenolic compound production, which is induced by herbicide stress, hence resulting in poor control of Lolium spp. under warmer temperatures.
Finding a Way Forward
Authors: Winters Jeffery 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In May and June of 2020, the editors of Mechanical Engineering magazine convened a series of talks with experts from a range of engineering disciplines to explore these issues that are at the heart of the engineering response to COVID-19. The title of that series, Rebooting After the Pandemic, may have sounded a bit premature as many American states were grappling with a rising wave of infection in June. The forward-facing focus is, however, critical. The time to prepare for the post-pandemic world is now.
Analysis of the Behavior of an Air Conditioning System Based on the Solar Energy Natural Regulation in Amazonian Climatic Conditions
Authors: Santos Elson C. , Macêdo Emanuel N. , Galhardo Marcos A. B. , Costa Thiago Oliveira , Costa André Felipe P. , Brito Alaan U. , Oliveira Luis Guilherme M. , Macêdo Wilson N. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Air conditioning systems (ACSs) represent one of the main demands for electricity in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. The use of a photovoltaic air conditioning unit (PVACU) represents an attractive application to this demand for reasons such as environmental concerns and the match between diurnal cooling load and solar resource. A PVACU consists of a photovoltaic generator (PVG) that supply an ACS through direct current to direct current and frequency converters, without energy storage. This system considers the natural adjustment of the ACS cooling capacity according to the PVG power. Modeling the ACS, the PVG, and the thermal load (TL) makes possible to evaluate PVACU performance. For this, a small library’s TL and an ACS supplied by a PVG were used as case study. The PVG installed capacity assumes values of 700, 1000, and 1400 Wp. The simulation results show that the PVACU with a 1400 Wp PVG would be sufficient to regulate internal temperature within international comfort standards in the range of 20 °C to 24 °C. According to the data obtained in the simulations, it was possible to conclude that the PVACU has a large potential to be used in air conditioning of other environments in regions with Amazonian climatic conditions.