bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of fluorescent carbon dots from peat for Fe3+ sensing and cellular imaging
Authors: Han Shuai , Wu Baoshuang , Wang Hong , Wang Guangshuo , Yang Jiajia , He Leqin , Wei Fangfang , Qin Shenjun 
Published: November 2019

Novel fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were fabricated using the hydrothermal carbonisation method by peat, which is a very abundant and low‐cost natural material in the world. The transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the peat‐derived CDs (PCDs) are well‐crystalline with an average size of 4 nm. Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectra suggested large amounts of oxygenous functionality which made the synthesised PCDs water‐soluble. The optical characterisations turned out that PCDs showed a stable and excellent excitation‐dependent photoluminescence (PL), while the quantum yield was calculated to be 18.3%. As the PL of the PCDs could be efficiently quenched by ferric ions with a low‐detection limit of 20 nM, the as‐prepared PCDs could be employed as a highly fluorescent probe for ferric ions. Furthermore, the obtained PCDs have been successfully used for fluorescent imaging and Fe3+ detecting at cell level.
Physical insight and performance metrics of monolayer MX2 heterojunction TFETs
Authors: Alam Khairul 
Published: November 2019

The physics and performance of monolayer MX2 heterojunction n TFETs are studied using a quantum simulation. The imaginary wave vector reveals that WTe2 is the most promising source material. Results of heterojunction TFETs with WTe2 source material and of WTe2 homojunction TFET reveal that WTe2–MoS2 heterojunction TFET is the most promising candidate with a 620 μA/μm drive current for a 0.3 volt gate swing. The energy gap between the valence band of source material and the conduction band of channel material, , is the key parameter for high drive current. The WTe2–MoS2 heterojunction has the smallest value that results in small band bending near the heterojunction, which creates the shortest tunnel path and therefore yields the highest drive current. The WTe2–MoS2 TFET has an average turn‐on slope of 15.6 mV/dec, an on/off current ratio of , a drive current of 620 μA/μm, a transconductance of 10.98 mS/μm, a total capacitance of 0.829 fF/μm, a switching delay of 0.401 ps, and a cutoff frequency of 2.1 THz. The performance metrics closely comply with the ITRS 2026 LOP and LSTP device requirements. Its value of 11.97 μA/μm is large enough to compete with MOSFETs.
Special Considerations in the GI Bleeding Patient
Authors: Chung Haniee , Mutch Matthew G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is an increasingly common problem in patients with comorbid medical conditions that place them at higher bleeding risk. This discussion of some special considerations in the GI bleeding patient encompasses an overview of the elderly patient, and selects comorbid conditions that place patients at higher risk of developing intestinal bleeding. The discussion lends itself to exploring the challenges of and new advancements in anticoagulation therapy. Radiation induced proctitis and rectal varices as sources of LGIB will also be addressed.
Pharmacoresistant Atypical Benign Partial Epilepsy of Childhood: Early Introduction of Specific Therapies to Prevent Cognitive Decline
Authors: Nishikawa Aiko , Otani Yui , Ito Susumu , Nagata Satoru , Oguni Hirokazu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAtypical benign partial epilepsy (ABPE) of childhood is a special type of epileptic syndrome characterized by the combination of epileptic negative myoclonus, atypical absence seizures, focal motor seizures, and a continuous spike–wave during slow sleep (CSWS). Although the seizures are resistant to antiseizure drugs (ASDs) effective for focal epilepsy, they are markedly responsive to ethosuximide (ESM). An incorrect ASD choice may aggravate the seizures and CSWS, resulting in a pseudo-catastrophic state or nonconvulsive status epilepticus. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the effectiveness of steroid and ketogenic diet (KD) therapies for children with ABPE resistant to ASDs, including ESM. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy (n = 4), KD therapy (n = 4), and an oral steroid (n = 2) were tried for eight patients (two patients tried two therapies). An excellent response (seizure-free period > 1 year) was achieved by four out of four patients undergoing ACTH therapy, two out of four undergoing KD therapy, and one out of two receiving oral steroid therapy. In conclusion, steroid and KD therapies are reasonable treatment options early in the course of treatment of children with pharmacoresistant ABPE to prevent a decline in cognitive function due to the persistence of epileptic encephalopathy. The majority of patients in our case series had an excellent response, though further studies are warranted to confirm their efficacy and safety.
Performance study of hybrid solar dryer with auxiliary heater for seaweed drying
Authors: Suherman Suherman , Rizki Hafid , Rauf Nurfadilla , Susanto Evan Eduard 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the performance of hybrid solar dryer with auxiliary heater for seaweed drying is invesigated. There were two drying modes performed, namely hybrid solar drying and conventional drying. The drying operation was done from 9.00 A.M until 1.00 P.M on each day, with the hybrid solar dryer temperature of 40, 50, and 60 °C. There were five analysis performed after the drying process was done. Experimental results showed that the dryer temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation are highly dependent on the weather condition, drying time, and in the case of solar radiation, the geographical location. Drying curve analysis shown that drying at 60 °C gave the final moisture content of 12,2%, which satisfy the safe limit of dried seaweed product. Drying process is faster and most efficient during the early phase of drying. As drying process continues, the drying become less effective and the drying rate is gradually decreased until it reaches a constant value. Effectivity factor analysis shown that hybrid solar dryer is more effective than conventional drying. Color analysis result shows that to preserve the color quality of seaweed, it is better to perform the drying with the temperature of 50 °C.
The effect of catalyst loading on the biodiesel production from lard
Authors: Buchori L , Anggoro DD , Tsaniya F , Elyasa MB , Noviariyono E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Biodiesel is one of the renewable alternative fuels as a substitute for fossil fuels. This research aims to study the effect of catalyst loading on the synthesis of biodiesel from lard. The transesterification reaction is carried out using a CaO catalyst prepared from an eggshell. Esterification is carried out by using an HCl acid catalyst to lower the free fatty acid (FFA) of lard. The catalyst loading is varied on 1, 3, 5, and 7% w/w of lard. The molar ratio of methanol to oil is 6:1 with a reaction time is 1 h, while operating conditions were kept at a reaction temperature of 65°C and atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the yield of biodiesel decreased with the increase of catalyst loading. The optimum biodiesel yield was obtained at 1% w/w catalyst loading of 92.69%.
Study of Plasma Electrolysis Method on Starch-Based Hybrid Latex Synthesis
Authors: Saksono N , Junior A B , Gustaf E , Dyasti S S R , Chalid M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The plasma electrolysis is a rich source of free radicals, it commonly induces unusual chemical reaction. This paper focus to study plasma electrolysis induces grafting reaction between latex and starch to prepare a functional material – ether bond – with radicals as the initiator to produce hybrid latex which presume has acoustic property. By the method of plasma electrolysis, the reaction can take place and the difference of polarity between the reactants can be overcome. The synthesis – both by using anodic and cathodic plasma – is said to work qualitatively when the characterization results by using Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) arises a new ether bond waves at around 1560 cm-1. The synthesis processes – both by using anodic and cathodic plasma – were investigated more specifically by looking at the effect of electrolyte, Na2SO4 concentration used with variations of 0.02; 0.03; 0.04 M to the efficiency of synthesis. The applied operating voltage of the process are 567.5 and 340.5 volt for anodic and cathodic, respectively. The reaction time is 10 minutes, and the efficiency of synthesis is represented by % yield of hybrid latex per kJ of electric energy consumption. The obtained efficiencies – from anodic and cathodic – were 0.04; 0.02; 0.01 and 0.18; 0.13; 0.12, for each of electrolyte concentrations, respectively.
Activation And Characterization Of Andisol Soil And Fly Ash Composite In Adsorption Of Lead (II) Metal Ion
Authors: Pranoto  , Martini T , Anandita E P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study was aimed to determine of lead(II) metal ion adsorption ability by using adsorbents from the composite of andisol soil and fly ash. Andisol soil and fly ash were activated with NaOH 3M. The adsorbent characterization was performed by Fourier Transform Infrared Analyzer (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). The adsorption of lead (II) metal ion performed on solution pH of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, variation of composition andisol soil and fly ash composite of 100:0, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 0:100 (w/w), and contact time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes with the batch system. Measurement of final concentration at the time of equilibrium was done using AAS. The optimum condition of lead (II) metal ion adsorption was obtained at pH of solution 5, activated andisol soil and fly ash composition 50:50 (w/w), contact time 60 minutes The result of adsorption followed Freundlich isotherm with adsorption capacity of 0,435 mg/g. The percentage of lead(II) metal ion removed is 97,11%. Keyword: andisol soil, fly ash, lead, adsorption.
Kinetics of cinnamon oleoresin extraction using Microwave-Assisted Extractor
Authors: Kurniasari L , Darmanto  , Kusumo P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cinnamon oleoresin can be produced from the solvent extraction of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) bark. Among many extraction method, Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) is one method that gives many advantages, especially in reducing the extraction time. This research will compare the kinetic models of MAE extraction process, using first and second order model. Extraction were carried out from 5 to 40 minutes with eight cycles and analyzed its oleoresin content. For comparison, soxhlet extraction method was also done for 1 and 4 hours. From the analysis, it was shown that the second order kinetic model was more suitable to explain the MAE of cinnamon oleoresin. The 40 minutes MAE process gave 9.55 g L−1 oleoresin, while soxhlet extraction gave 3.76 g L−1 and 9.48 g L−1 oleoresin in 1 and 4 hours respectively. SEM analysis for both of MAE and soxhlet treated samples showed the rupture of the cell and therefore caused the release of cell content. The cell structure in 35 min-MAE treated sample was more opened than the 1 hr-soxhlet treated one. It means that the cell rupture in MAE process was quicker than the soxhlet, and it produced the high yield in shorter time.
Characterization and Purification of Surfactant Sodium Ligno Sulfonate (SLS) From Biomass Waste in The Application Of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Authors: Priyanto S , Kusworo T D , Sayyidah  , Pramudono B , Untoro E , Ratu P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The waste of pulp and paper industry in the form of Black Liquor still contained a large amount of lignin (12-46%). The high lignin content had the potential to make Sodium Ligno Sulfonate (SLS) Surfactants by reacting Lignin with Sodium Bisulfite. Isolation of Lignin From Black Liquor was carried out at room temperature of 30°C, using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 1N NaOH. The purpose of this study was to characterize SLS formed both physically and chemically. Characteristics of SLS were formed compared to commercial SLS. The SLS purification results were carried out by comparing the SLS results of the experiments with commercial SLS using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) equipment, and the purity was tested by UV-Vis. For Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), SLS was tested based on its characteristics using screening tests.
The Effect of Ionic Strength on Protonation Constant of Monoethanolamine in Water at 303K
Authors: Ma’mun S , Chafidz A , Indrayanto E , Setiawan P K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Amine-based absorption is a reactive system in which mass transfer and chemical reaction take place simultaneously. Protonation constant (pKa) is an important equilibrium reaction parameter that can be determined experimentally. The objective of this study is to evaluate the pKa of monoethanolamine (MEA) at different ionic strengths ranging from 0.01 to 6 moles of NaCl/kg of water at 303K by a potentiometric titration method. The results show that the pKa values, in general, increase as the ionic strengths increase. Moreover, the activity coefficients of species were also determined by the extended Debye-Hückel model. The pKa data and the activity coefficients obtained from this work could then be used for the kinetic and thermodynamic modeling in the absorber and desorber design.
Development of Cellulose Acetate – PVP blend membrane and UV irradiation treatment to increase membrane selectivity for clove oil purification
Authors: Kusworo T D , Widayat  , Budiyono  , Siahaan A A , Iskandar G K , Utomo D P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Clove oil obtained from clove leaves and stems has low oil quality. This is caused by the low levels of eugenol which is around 60-80%. The application of membrane technology to purify clove oil is constrained by the almost similar size of the eugenol and caryophyllene molecules. The aim of this study is to improve membrane selectivity by increasing the hydrophilic properties of the membrane. The eugenol will penetrate easily through hydrophilic membrane than caryophyllene. Cellulose acetate membrane was fabricated by dissolving 17 wt-% CA polymer in acetone and then casted via dry-wet phase inversion method. Poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) is added to the dope solution to improve the hydrophilic properties of the membrane. The results of contact angle analysis showed that the addition of PVP by 1% was able to reduce the contact angle from 41° to 32° which means the hydrophilic increased significantly. The combination of PVP addition with nano ZnO incorporation can increase eugenol concentration from 75% to 88% but decrease the permeate flux from 6.78 to 5.33 L.m−2h−1bar−1.
Formulation of Natural Dye Stock Solution Extracted from Rambutan’s Peel (Nephelium lappaceum L) and Evaluation of its Colour Fastness Properties on Cotton Fabric
Authors: Amalia Rizka , Paramita Vita , Kusumayanti Heny , Wahyuningsih  , Sembiring Maranatha , Rani Dina Elvia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) peel contain anthocyanin and flavonoid compounds which can be used as natural dyes of fabric. this research aims to study the producing of natural dye stock solution extracted from rambutan’s peel (Nephelium lappaceum L) with adding of some preservative substancs and evaluating its colour fastness properties on cotton fiber. Preparation of natural dye solution of rambutan fruit was made with concentration of extract at 25% (w/v) and some substances used as a preservative (citric acid, sodium benzoate,benzoic acid, potassium sorbate and tamarind) at various concentration (1%, 3%, and 5%).. Extraction of natural dye from Nephelium lappaceum L peel’s waste was performed using maceration method with water as a solvent. The extracts were stored in a closed container at ambient temperature for 3 months, then tested the color fastness parameters of each sample. It is recommended that the use of sodium benzoat and citric acid are the best preservative to produce natural dye stock solution extracted from rambutan’s peel (Nephelium lappaceum L) with good result.
Ramie, Cotton, and Rayon Double Ply Combination Composite for Bullet Proof Vests Body Armor
Authors: Setyani K , Aryanti N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The bullet proof vest from composite fiber double ply from combination of ramie, cotton, and rayon, have been studied in order to improve the bullet proof vest in previous research using composite of pure ramie fiber. The mechanical bonding of the composite reinforced natural fiber can be increased by using chemical treatment of fiber or by using the addition of coupling agent. The chemical treatment, for example alkali treatment, is often used because it is more cost-effective. By increasing mechanical bonding also increasing the tensile strength of the composite so that this material could restrain the impact of the bullet. The result shows that the tensile strength of the composites have the optimum values for 30 minutes treated fiber in a 5% NaOH solution, i.e. 13.31 MPa, the tensile test specimens were produced according to ASTM D-638. This research is to investigate the ability of the double ply fabric itself from the bullet impact, the fiber composite and also the combination of fiber composite as a front layer (Panel A) and the double ply fiber as a second layer (Panel B) for a bullet proof vest. Optimal combination is obtained with 5 layers of panel A and 20 layers of panel B which is able to protect against cal. 7.65 mm × 17 mm (.32 ACP) bullet fired through .32 Pindad pistol from a distance of 10 meters. Panel with a size of 20 cm × 20 cm has a total thickness of 14.69 mm and a total weight of 454.73 gram. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations indicated that the porosity and surface area of the fiber is smooth, fiber surfaces showed topography with microporous. SEM also showed well-arranged structure of fibers bonding. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicated 99,6% carbon contents in ramie-cotton-rayon fiber. Test result indicates that panel from composite ramie-cotton-rayon-epoxide can reach the level 1 of International Standard of NIJ-010104. Compared to panel from pure ramie fiber, the panel from this composite (0.454 kg) is lighter than previous research (0.52 kg). This combination can restrain the bullet from 10 meters distance, shorter than the previous research in 20 meters distance.
Stability of Mixture Honey, Black Seed Oil and Olive Oil With Tween 80 as Emulsifier
Authors: Sahlan M , Ferdianti A , Wicaksono A B , Hermasnyah H , Wijanarko A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study to view stability a mixture of honey, black seed oil, and olive oil. There have many benefits and widely distributed in the market. However, this mixture has instability problem because it has different properties of polarity or phase, to solve this problem required emulsifier Tween 80, an emulsifier food grade to stabilize the mixture. This research is expected to be aimed for mixture with the addition of the emulsifier. In the addition of 1.25 grams, Tween 80 could mix up to 7.5% of the total oil in the mixture. Those are showing the process of the distribution particle, viscosity measurement, phase separation by centrifugation and storage for eight weeks in room temperature.
Ultrasonic pretreatment on biogas production from wood-dust mahogany (swietenia mahagoni) with solid-state anaerobic digestion method: effect of time and pretreatment temperature
Authors: Ardhiansyah H , Budiyono  , Sumardiono S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The availability of fossil energy as the main energy source makes its availability running low. One alternative energy source is biomass and it can be converted into biogas through a solid-state anaerobic digestion process. One of the many biomass types found in Indonesia is the wood-dust mahogany. The content of lignin contained in wood-dust mahogany makes the process of hydrolysis runs slowly. This causes the biogas production rate to be slow. This study examined the effects of temperature and duration of ultrasonic pretreatment on the characteristics of wood-dust mahogany and the rate of biogas formation along with kinetic study. This research was conducted in three stages, beginning with characterization stage to know the character of wood-dust mahogany, followed by ultrasonic pretreatment stage with time variation (10,20,30) minutes without heating and with heating temperature 70°C. The last stage was fermentation by using bioreactor for 60 days. The biogas produced was measured volume in every two days and the data obtained were used to create a biogas production kinetics simulation by using Gompertz and Richards modification models. The results of the evaluation indicated that the ultrasonic pretreatment process leaded to changes in surface morphology and wood-dust mahogany structure has a positive impact on increasing the rate of biogas formation. The longer the time and the higher the temperature of the ultrasonic pretreatment leaded to an increase in the rate of biogas production. The kinetic model of Richards modification equation gave the result of R2 0.999-0.985 value better than Gompertz modification equation model which is only 0.998-0.968.
Preparation and Characterisation of Composite Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Purnama H , Mujiburohman M , Hakim M F , Hidayati N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC), uses a proton exchange polymer electrolyte which one of the key components developed to realize the commercialization of fuel cells in transportation and portable equipment. Poly Ether Ether Ketone (PEEK) is a thermoplastic material that has a combination of physico-chemical and good mechanical properties. The introduction of cesium tungstophosphoric acid (Cs-PWA) into the polymer matrix is an easy strategy to improve the properties of sulfonated PEEK. This research aims to study the effect of amount Cs-PWA loading in the fabrication of sulfonated PEEK on the membrane characteristics such as FTIR and XRD analysis, water uptake, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity. The results indicated that sPEEK/Cs-PWA membranes ware potential candidate as proton conductive membrane for application of DMFC due to enhancement of proton conductivity and methanol permeability performance.
Effect of nanoclay loadings and reprocessing on dynamic mechanical thermal properties of polypropylene/nanoclay composites
Authors: Chafidz A , Ma’mun S , Megawati  , Indah N , Tamzysi C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the present work, polypropylene (PP)/nanoclay composites were fabricated by melt compounding nanoclay based masterbatch and PP pellets using a twin screw extruder (TSE). The compounding process was carried out at four different nanoclay loadings (i.e. 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%) and two times processing i.e. 1st cycle and 2nd cycle. The fabricated nanocomposites were then characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and oscillatory rheometer. The SEM images showed that the nanoclay materials were well distributed in the PP matrix, which were indicated by the white needle-like appearance. Additionally, the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) results showed that the storage modulus of all the nanocomposites both 1st and 2nd cycles were higher than that of the neat PP, and increased with increasing nanoclay loadings. The improvement of storage modulus of the nanocomposites as compared to the neat PP (at temperature of 60°C) were approximately 56%, 84.3%, and 138% for NC-5-I, NC-10-I, and NC-15-I, respectively; and 62%, 89.6%, and 128% for NC-5-II, NC-10-II, and NC-15-II, respectively. While, tstorage modulus of all samples decreased with increasing temperature, which indicates than the nanocomposites simply behaved as polymeric material. Additionally, the relationship between the storage modulus, nanoclay loading (wt%), and temperature (°C) was successfully modeled by using Equation (1): G’ = Ae
B(T)
and Equation (2): A = 4.91E7 x (wt%) + 7.47E8, while B constant value was -0.0221.