bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T232K/K238Q Aerolysin Nanopore for Mapping Adjacent Phosphorylation Sites of a Single Tau Peptide
Authors: Li Shuang , Wu Xue‐Yuan , Li Meng‐Yin , Liu Shao‐Chuang , Ying Yi‐Lun , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTau phosphorylation shows direct clinical importance as the hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau exists in a range of tauopathies. However, it is still challenging to study tau phosphorylation owing to its multiple and adjacent phosphorylation sites in the tau sequence. To address this challenge, here, a designed T232K/K238Q mutant aerolysin nanopore is introduced which synergistically incorporates the enhanced electrostatic interaction at T232K site and the high repelling barrier at K238Q site. The distinct current blockages produced by a T232K/K238Q aerolysin sensor achieve nearly 100% identification accuracy for the characteristic distribution of unphosphorylated tau peptide, pS262‐, pT263‐tau peptide, and pS262/pT263‐tau peptide. The excellent sensing ability of the T232K/K238Q nanopore originates from the extremely slow translocation speed which prolongs the duration up to tens or hundreds milliseconds for a nine‐amino‐acid peptide. It is envisioned that the design ideas of the T232K/K238Q aerolysin nanopore can be further applied to analyze other protein/peptide post‐translational modification as it provides the exquisite sensitivity for identifying the modification of single amino acids.
Effect of uneven multilane truck loading of multigirder bridges on component reliability
Authors: Zhou Junyong , Liu Yuanyuan , Yi Jiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPremature failure of bridge components, caused by heavy trucks, is a major safety concern. Current studies well characterize the integral structural behavior of bridges under realistic stochastic traffic loading. However, there is little research on the differences in traffic loads over multiple lanes (a worldwide traffic phenomenon) and the resulting difference in the bridge component performance. In this paper, several sets of unidirectional two‐lane, three‐lane, and four‐lane weigh‐in‐motion data are available for the statistical evaluation of typical multigirder concrete bridges with structural types of slab beams, T‐shape beams, and box beams. Lane‐occurrence behavior, volume, load, and weight correlation of trucks are determined to have the largest impact on failure probability. Extreme and equivalent load effects (LEs) under multilane truck loading are calculated to assess bearing capacity and fatigue performance. The greater the number of lanes, the larger the discrepancies of truck volume and weight by lane. The differences in the traffic LE and reliability indices for each girder in the same bridge increase with greater number of lanes, shorter span, and weaker lateral girder connection. These results provide the background of designing or maintaining the bridges to pursue uniform target reliability of each girder component under realistic multilane truck loading.
Understanding cross‐border mergers and acquisitions of African firms: The role of dynamic capabilities in enabling competitiveness amidst contextual constraints
Authors: Degbey William Y. , Eriksson Taina , Rodgers Peter , Oguji Nnamdi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article builds on existing international business literature that examines the drivers of cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) within emerging and developing economy contexts, theoretically exploring how dynamic capabilities (DCs) are connected to these drivers, and how African emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs) can pursue them to achieve competitiveness. The article's contribution is the development of a DC framework and testable propositions for African EMNEs' cross‐border M&As. The theoretical framework shows the division of DC dimensions—sensing, seizing, and transforming—and establishes explanations for their linkage with institutional and resource drivers for African EMNEs' cross‐border M&A competitiveness. In addition, the article outlines managerial implications to this effect. Overall, the article contributes to the emerging literature on the international expansion of African EMNEs through cross‐border M&As by underscoring the role of DCs.
Classical spectral curve of the AdS5 × S5 lambda superstring
Authors: Hollowood Timothy J. , Miramontes J. Luis , Price Dafydd 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe classical spectral curve for the worldsheet theory of the AdS5×S5 lambda superstring is constructed. The lambda string is interpreted as a regularized, non-abelian T-dual of the AdS5×S5 superstring with respect to the full PSU(2, 2|4) symmetry. The form of the curve is identified as the semi-classical limit of a set of Bethe ansatz equations for an XXZ type spin chain for the supergroup PSU(2, 2|4) in contrast to the string in AdS5×S5 which is XXX type.
Critical parameters for reaction–diffusion equations involving space–time fractional derivatives
Authors: Asogwa Sunday A. , Foondun Mohammud , Mijena Jebessa B. , Nane Erkan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe will look at reaction–diffusion type equations of the following type, $$\begin{aligned} \partial ^\beta _tV(t,x)=-(-\Delta )^{\alpha /2} V(t,x)+I^{1-\beta }_t[V(t,x)^{1+\eta }]. \end{aligned}$$

∂
t
β

V

(
t
,
x
)

=
-

(
-
Δ
)

α
/
2

V

(
t
,
x
)

+

I
t

1
-
β

[
V

(
t
,
x
)

1
+
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]

.

We first study the equation on the whole space by making sense of it via an integral equation. Roughly speaking, we will show that when $$0<\eta \leqslant \eta _c$$

0
<
η
⩽

η
c

, there is no global solution other than the trivial one while for $$\eta >\eta _c$$

η
>

η
c

, non-trivial global solutions do exist. The critical parameter $$\eta _c$$

η
c

is shown to be $$\frac{1}{\eta ^*}$$

1

η
∗

where $$\begin{aligned} \eta ^*:=\sup _{a>0}\left\{ \sup _{t\in (0,\,\infty ),x\in \mathbb {R}^d}t^a\int _{\mathbb {R}^d}G(t,\,x-y)V_0(y)\,\mathrm{d}y<\infty \right\} \end{aligned}$$

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∗

:
=

sup

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>
0

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∈

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0
,

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)

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∈

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d

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∫

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d

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-
y
)

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0

(
y
)

d
y
<
∞

and $$G(t,\,x)$$

G
(
t
,

x
)

is the heat kernel of the corresponding unforced operator. $$V_0$$

V
0

is a non-negative initial function. We also study the equation on a bounded domain with Dirichlet boundary condition and show that the presence of the fractional time derivative induces a significant change in the behavior of the solution.
Discoloration of surface sealants by plaque disclosing solution
Authors: Şen Sinan , Erber Ralf , Şen Gözde , Deurer Nadine , Zingler Sebastian , Lux Christopher J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Surface sealants are widely used as a prevention strategy and are indicated for young patients with insufficient oral hygiene who also need plaque removal by professional tooth cleaning. The aim of this study was to evaluate discoloration of surface sealants by plaque disclosing solutions and to test to what extent this discoloration can be reduced again by professional tooth cleaning.

Methods
In all, 96 extracted lesion-free human teeth were randomly assigned to treatment with either Pro Seal® (PS; Opal Orthodontics, South Jordan, UT, USA) or Opal®Seal™ (OS; Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA). Color evaluations after application of the plaque disclosing solution Mira-2-Ton® (Hager & Werken, Duisburg, Germany) were performed using a clinical spectrophotometer. Staining and polishing were repeated once. Color differences (∆E) above 3.77 were regarded as clinically relevant.

Results
All sealants showed high, clinically relevant ∆E values after the first staining. Polishing led to significantly decreased ∆E values on PS-treated teeth; however, the median ∆E value remained above the clinically relevant threshold. Polishing on OS-treated teeth only slightly reduced ∆E values. After professional tooth cleaning both PS and OS showed clinically relevant ∆E values.

Conclusion
Surface sealants show clinically relevant discoloration after exposure to plaque disclosing solution under in vitro conditions. Such discolorations could not be removed by professional tooth cleaning. Thus, in clinical practice, plaque disclosing solutions might cause esthetic deficits in surface sealant-treated teeth. The impact of plaque disclosing solutions under clinical conditions (e.g., in the presence of saliva and by various aspects of a person’s nutrition) should be investigated in clinical studies.
Protected risk stratification with the wearable cardioverter-defibrillator: results from the WEARIT-II-EUROPE registry
Authors: Veltmann Christian , Winter Stefan , Duncker David , Jungbauer Carsten G. , Wäßnig Nadine K. , Geller J. Christoph , Erath Julia W. , Goeing Olaf , Perings Christian , Ulbrich Michael , Roser Mattias , Husser Daniela , Gansera Laura S. , Soezener Korkut , Malur Frank Michael , Block Michael , Fetsch Thomas , Kutyifa Valentina , Klein Helmut U. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The prospective WEARIT-II-EUROPE registry aimed to assess the value of the wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) prior to potential ICD implantation in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction considered at risk of sudden arrhythmic death.

Methods and results
781 patients (77% men; mean age 59.3 ± 13.4 years) with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were consecutively enrolled. All patients received a WCD. Follow-up time for all patients was 12 months. Mean baseline LVEF was 26.9%. Mean WCD wearing time was 75 ± 47.7 days, mean daily WCD use 20.3 ± 4.6 h. WCD shocks terminated 13 VT/VF events in ten patients (1.3%). Two patients died during WCD prescription of non-arrhythmic cause. Mean LVEF increased from 26.9 to 36.3% at the end of WCD prescription (p < 0.01). After WCD use, ICDs were implanted in only 289 patients (37%). Forty patients (5.1%) died during follow-up. Five patients (1.7%) died with ICDs implanted, 33 patients (7%) had no ICD (no information on ICD in two patients). The majority of patients (75%) with the follow-up of 12 months after WCD prescription died from heart failure (15 patients) and non-cardiac death (15 patients). Only three patients (7%) died suddenly. In seven patients, the cause of death remained unknown.

Conclusions
Mortality after WCD prescription was mainly driven by heart failure and non-cardiovascular death. In patients with HFrEF and a potential risk of sudden arrhythmic death, WCD protected observation of LVEF progression and appraisal of competing risks of potential non-arrhythmic death may enable improved selection for beneficial ICD implantation.

Graphic abstract
Congenital nephrotic syndrome: is early aggressive treatment needed? Yes
Authors: Hölttä Tuula , Jalanko Hannu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCongenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) was primarily considered one disease entity. Hence, one treatment protocol was proposed in the beginning to all CNS patients. Today, with the help of gene diagnostics, we know that CNS is a heterogeneous group of disorders and therefore, different treatment protocols are needed. The most important gene defects causing CNS areNPHS1,NPHS2,WT1,LAMB2, andPLCE1. Before active treatment, all infants with CNS died. It was stated already in the mid-1980s that intensive medical therapy followed by kidney transplantation (KTx) should be the choice of treatment for infants with severe CNS. In Finland, early aggressive treatment protocol was adopted from the USA and further developed for treatment of children with the Finnish type of CNS. The aim of this review is to state reasons for “early aggressive treatment” including daily albumin infusions, intensified nutrition, and timely bilateral nephrectomy followed by KTx at the age of 1–2 years.
Wie erreicht man das „gute ökologische Potenzial“? Fallbeispiel Innstauraum Egglfing-Obernberg
Authors: Zauner Gerald , Lauber Wolfgang , Jung Michael , Ratschan Clemens , Schöfbenker Michael , Schmalfuß Roland 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Wasserkörper der bayerisch-oberösterreichischen Grenzstrecke des Unteren Inns zwischen dem Kraftwerk Passau-Ingling und der Salzachmündung wurden als „erheblich veränderte Wasserkörper“ entsprechend der EU-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie eingestuft. Hier gilt nicht der „gute ökologische Zustand“, sondern das „gute ökologische Potenzial“ als zu erreichender Zielzustand. Für die Erreichung dieses Ziels ist ein gemäß „Leitfaden zur Bewertung erheblich veränderter Gewässer“ definierter Teil des „höchsten ökologischen Potenzials“ umzusetzen, worunter das maximale Maßnahmenpotenzial ohne signifikante Einschränkungen der für die Einstufung als „erheblich veränderter Wasserkörper“ verantwortlichen Nutzungen zu verstehen ist. Für den Innstauraum Egglfing-Obernberg wurden die dazu erforderlichen Maßnahmen definiert und im Rahmen des von 2017 bis 2019 laufenden Projekts „Durchgängigkeit und Lebensraum“ zum Großteil bereits umgesetzt. Projektinhalte waren die Herstellung eines Insel-Nebenarmsystems einschließlich eines unterstromig angebundenen Stillgewässers in der Stauwurzel, die Dynamisierung und Entlandung von bestehenden Altarmen sowie die Errichtung eines naturnahen Umgehungsgewässers als Fischaufstiegshilfe und hochwertiger Fließgewässerlebensraum. Fischökologische Erhebungen vor Maßnahmenumsetzung bestätigten die hydromorphologischen Defizite des Innstauraums Egglfing-Obernberg, insbesondere das Fehlen hochwertiger Laich- und Juvenilhabitate rheophiler Flussfischarten und die stark eingeschränkte laterale Konnektivität, was sich in quantitativ geringen Fischbeständen und einem Defizit an Arten und Altersstadien äußerte. Allerdings konnte im Zuge dieser Erhebungen mit dem Steingreßling eine im gesamten Salzach-Innsystem ausgestorben geglaubte Fischart wiederentdeckt werden. Erste Untersuchungsergebnisse der herbstlichen Fischmigration im Umgehungsgewässer zeigten ungewöhnlich hohe Aufstiegszahlen verschiedener Cyprinidenarten. Im Rahmen des über die nächsten Jahre laufenden Monitorings soll die Wirkung der Maßnahmen in Hinblick auf die Zielerreichung nach Wasserrahmenrichtlinie untersucht werden, wobei in Analogie zu den Ergebnissen bestehender fischökologischer Studien eine deutliche Stärkung der Fischpopulationen zu erwarten ist.
Identification and characterization of a protein Bro1 essential for sophorolipids synthesis inStarmerella bombicola
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Jiashan , Gao Na , Zhang Xinyu , Zhao Guoqin , Song Xin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSophorolipids (SLs) are surface-active molecules produced by the non-pathogenic yeast Starmerella bombicola CGMCC 1576. Several genes involved in the synthesis of SLs have been identified. However, the regulation mechanism of the synthesis pathway for SLs has not been investigated. We recently discovered a protein in S. bombicola, which is structurally related to Yarrowia lipolytica YlBro1. To identify the function of the protein SbBro1 in S. bombicola, the deletion, overexpression, and complementary mutant strains were constructed. We found that the deletion mutant no longer produced SLs. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the expression levels of the key enzyme genes of SLs biosynthetic pathway were significantly down-regulated in the Δbro1, especially the expression level of cyp52m1 encoding the first rate-limiting enzyme in SL synthesis pathway was down-regulated 13-folds and the expression of fatty acid β-oxidation-related enzymes was also down-regulated. This study can give insight into the regulation of SL synthesis.
Gas separation in a Knudsen pump inspired by a Crookes radiometer
Authors: Baier Tobias , Hardt Steffen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn a Knudsen pump, gas flow is induced by thermal gradients along a channel when the mean free path of the gas molecules is comparable to the geometric feature size. By periodically varying both the channel dimension and the reflection properties of gas molecules at the channel walls, a gas flow along the channel can be induced by application of a constant temperature difference between the channel walls. Inspired by the Crookes-Radiometer, one such arrangement consists of placing an array of plates with different reflection properties on their opposite sides along a channel. We investigate the transport of binary gas mixtures along such channels by direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC), focusing on the discrimination in transport of individual species due to gradients in temperature, composition and pressure. An exemplary separation column is investigated where a counterflow involving a combination of thermally induced, pressure driven and diffusion flows is established, resulting in an enrichment of the individual species at opposite ends of the column.
Phase I study of DFP-11207, a novel oral fluoropyrimidine with reasonable AUC and low Cmax and improved tolerability, in patients with solid tumors
Authors: Ajani Jaffer A. , Javle Milind , Eng Cathy , Fogelman David , Smith Jackie , Anderson Barry , Zhang Chun , Iizuka Kenzo 
Published: May 2020

Summary5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-FU derivatives, such as capecitabine, UFT, and S-1, are the mainstay of chemotherapy treatment for gastrointestinal cancers, and other solid tumors. Compared with other cytotoxic chemotherapies, these drugs generally have a favorable safety profile, but hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicities remain common. DFP-11207 is a novel oral cytotoxic agent that combines a 5-FU pro-drug with a reversible DPD inhibitor and a potent inhibitor of OPRT, resulting in enhanced pharmacological activity of 5-FU with decreased gastrointestinal and myelosuppressive toxicities. In this Phase I study (NCT02171221), DFP-11207 was administered orally daily, in doses escalating from 40 mg/m2/day to 400 mg/m2/day in patients with esophageal, colorectal, gastric, pancreatic or gallbladder cancer (n = 23). It was determined that DFP-11207 at the dose of 330 mg/m2/day administered every 12 hours was well-tolerated with mild myelosuppressive and gastrointestinal toxicities. The pharmacokinetic analysis determined that the 5-FU levels were in the therapeutic range at this dose. In addition, fasted or fed states had no influence on the 5-FU levels (patients serving as their own controls). Among 21 efficacy evaluable patients, 7 patients had stable disease (33.3%), of which two had prolonged stable disease of >6 months duration. DFP-11207 can be explored as monotherapy or easily substitute 5-FU, capecitabine, or S-1 in combination regimens.
Sticky care and conference travel: unpacking care as an explanatory factor for gendered academic immobility
Authors: Henderson Emily F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile there is increasing awareness of the contributing effect of the academic mobility imperative on gendered inequalities in the academic profession at large, there is a missing link in current research on this topic. Namely, while ‘care’ is often named as the explanatory factor for why women, and to an extent professionals of any gender at peak childrearing age, are less mobile, this article argues that care is insufficient as an explanatory factor for immobility. Care and other terms such as ‘family responsibilities’ and ‘domestic obligations’ come to serve as a shorthand or explanatory factor for gendered immobility, but these terms elide the complexity of the relationship between care and mobility. This article argues that, without a fuller understanding of how care and mobility intersect, inclusivity drives run the risk of misunderstanding or even reproducing the problem. The specific mobility addressed here is international conference travel as a form of short-term academic mobility which contributes to academic career success and the perpetuation of a mobile academic ideal. The article elaborates a novel conceptual construct, ‘sticky care’, which is applied to empirical data from a diary-interview study of the impact of caring responsibilities on academics’ conference participation. Two dominant mobility-related strategies are elaborated: ‘night/s away’ and ‘get back’. The overarching ambition of this article is at a conceptual level: to bring more complexity and nuance to the concept of care when it is mobilized as an explanatory factor for (gendered) immobility and indeed for inequalities in the academic profession at large.
Fast liquid chromatographic determination of radiochemical and chemical purity of [11C]methionine by UPLC technique
Authors: Rezes Renáta , Csoma Szilvia L. , Németh Enikő , Jószai István 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUltra-performance liquid chromatographic technique was applied for the first time for determination of radiochemical and chemical purity of [11C]methionine with measurement time less than 2 min. The pH and eluent strength of mobile phase were optimized to achieve a gradient elution for separation of non-radioactive impurities as well as radioactive ingredients. The developed method was validated according to the following parameters: linearity, repeatability, recovery, limit of quantitation. The novel chromatographic procedure with reduced measurement time could be uniquely applied for the quality control of [11C]methionine to considerably shorten the release time and avoid radioactivity loss of radiopharmaceutical.
L-Type amino acid transporter 1 as a target for drug delivery
Authors: Puris Elena , Gynther Mikko , Auriola Seppo , Huttunen Kristiina M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOur growing understanding of membrane transporters and their substrate specificity has opened a new avenue in the field of targeted drug delivery. The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) has been one of the most extensively investigated transporters for delivering drugs across biological barriers. The transporter is predominantly expressed in cerebral cortex, blood-brain barrier, blood-retina barrier, testis, placenta, bone marrow and several types of cancer. Its physiological function is to mediate Na+ and pH independent exchange of essential amino acids: leucine, phenylalanine, etc. Several drugs and prodrugs designed as LAT1 substrates have been developed to improve targeted delivery into the brain and cancer cells. Thus, the anti-parkinsonian drug, L-Dopa, the anti-cancer drug, melphalan and the anti-epileptic drug gabapentin, all used in clinical practice, utilize LAT1 to reach their target site. These examples provide supporting evidence for the utility of the LAT1-mediated targeted delivery of the (pro)drug. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in LAT1-mediated targeted drug delivery. In addition, the use of LAT1 is critically evaluated and limitations of the approach are discussed.