bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Difference in Academic Performance of Private and Public Elementary School Graduates
Authors: Bernal Jr. Hernando L. , Gumaru Renz Chester , Oleo Sammy T. 
Published: December 2020

The study is about the difference of Private and Public elementary school graduates. The type of elementary school in which a person graduated from is a factor that can affect their future academic performance; it can also be a factor for schools in choosing which student to accept in their community. It also test and shows the quality of the teachers in both types of school.
The researchers conducted the study to verify if there was an actual difference on the academic performance of the graduates on each of the two types of elementary school. The researchers believe that the results of this study will be beneficial to a lot of people especially students and teachers. The researchers collected, compared, and interpret the grades of students of both public school graduates and private school graduates. The gathered data are test using different statistical tools and formulas. This study found out that there is a significant difference between public school graduates and private school graduates in terms of academic performance.
A Comparative Study of Computer-Aided Engineering Techniques for Robot Arm Applications
Authors: Zouari L. , Chtourou S. , Ben Ayed M. , Alshaya S. A. 
Published: December 2020

As systems become increasingly complex, their simulation techniques have to be more accurate and enhanced. Despite the wide use of robotic arms in industries, they still encompass a wide number of complexities. The control of a flexible robot arm driven by a Brushless DC Motor (BDCM) for tracking problems is a great challenge, not only for its complex algorithms but also for its verification process. Robotic systems are designed heterogeneously by combining continuous and event discrete models. Therefore, computer-aided engineering tools have to be enhanced in order to support the verification of the control algorithms. Ensuring definite and rapid simulations is a challenging task for robotic application systems. Although control strategies can be tested using the Matlab/Simulink environment to assess their performance, their verification at a low-level still remains a very difficult task. This paper studies different simulation techniques based on Model In the Loop (MIL), Hardware In the Loop (HIL), and Hardware Software In the Loop (HSIL) on a flexible robot arm driven by BDCM in order to overcome each method's limits, focusing on performance and cost and simulation time reduction. The HSIL achieves the highest accuracy and speed than MIL and HIL and provides reusability and portability of the control unit compared to the other techniques.
Assaulting the Psychiatrist : A Rare Case of Fregoli syndrome
Authors: Thakurta Rajarshi Guha , Sarkar Sharmila , Debnath Ashis , Mondal Sukhendu 
Published: December 2020

Delusional misidentifications include the Capgras delusion, Fregoli delusion, the delusion of subjective doubles and other less common symptoms. A common cause of these non-specific psychopathological symptoms is the patients' denial of their identity or the belief that their identity or the identity of relatives has been altered. These delusional symptoms occur in the context of somatic and mental diseases, most frequently in schizophrenia and dementia. Fregoli syndrome (FS) is commonly associated with aggressive behaviour. We present a case of Fregoli syndrome leadingto an assault to the treating psychiatrist.Key-words : Fregoli Syndrome, delusion, assault, psychiatrist
Magnitude of problem of persons having intellectual disability its impact on parents and their unmet needs in Indian subcontinent
Authors: Bhattacharyya Ranjan , Ghoshal Malay Kumar , Sanyal Debasish 
Published: December 2020

Background: Intellectual disability is the clearest example of the mixture of medical and social system models. People with intellectual disability do not represent homogenous groups. Their unmet needs and impact on parents as caregivers also vary especially with changing social milieu, socio economic status and ethnicity. Objectives: To assess the disability of intellectually disabled and the nature and degree of impact on their parents. Methods : The clinico-demographic profile of 102 intellectually disabled and intellectually average children and their caregivers were compared. The impact of disability was measured in NIMH-DIS scale. Results: Mothers experienced more difficulties than fathers in physical care (p<0.03), health (p<0.02), career (p<0.03), sibling effect (p<0.04) and specific thoughts domain (p<0.04). Fathers experienced more trouble in support (p<0.02), financial (p<0.05), social (p<0.01), embarrassment/ridicule domains (p<0.02). There was no difference in Relationship domain (p=0.56) between the parents. Higher patience (p<0.02) and empathy (p<0.04) were found among mothers and higher tolerance (p<0.03) and sensitivity (p<0.04) were found among mothers. The impact on mothers increased in physical care, health and specific thoughts domains whereas the impact on fathers increased in financial and embarrassment/ridicule domains. Conclusions: Rehabilitation needs increase with severity of disability and impact on parents as caregivers. Appropriate assessment and finding out unmet needs can guide to formulate individualized treatment plan for them as wellas for their parents.
Psychotropic Drugs in Pregnancy
Authors: Jana Amlan Kusum 
Published: December 2020

Psychiatrists often have to deal with the dilemma of whether or not to continue psychotropic medications in their patients during pregnancy. The fact that a relapse of symptoms arising out of discontinuation is often more dangerous than the usual response with violence, suicide presenting in higher rates (needless to say that harms the mother as well as the fetus) on the face of the risks of teratogenicity of almost all the drugs in offer make the situation no different from a double edged sword.
Confusion After Modified Electro Convulsive Therapy : Its Incidence and Associated Factors
Authors: Ray Prasenjit , Sharma Madhu , Chauhan Sudhir Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Aims and Objectives : The aim of current study was to find out the incidence of confusion after modified electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and its possible association with any clinical parameter or medications used.Methodology : In this cross sectional, naturalistic, hospital based study 100 consecutive patients who were about to receive modified ECT (brief pulse) and met inclusion criteria were taken up. After recovery from anaesthesia subjects were assessed usingIntensive Care Delirium ScreeningChecklist. The number of patients developing confusion after ECT was noted. Data were analyzed to find out if the incidence of confusion was associated with any clinical parameter or medication.Results : Incidence of post ECT confusion was found to be 37.1%. Except for the gender difference no other clinical parameter or medication was found to be significantly associated with post ECT confusion.Conclusion : The incidence of post ictal confusion after ECT was found to be higher than in previous studies which could be due to inclusion of certain extra parameters to assess confusion. Before generalizing the results of the current study, further research work is necessary.
Editorial
Authors: Sarkhel Sujit 
Published: December 2020

It is a matter of great pride for all of us that Bengal Journal of Psychiatry is gradually being enlisted in various important sites involved in indexing of journals. Our articles are already available through Google Scholar and Indian Science Abstract to name a few. As our website (www.bengaljournal psychiatry. org) becomes more popular and good quality material from all around comes as contributions to our journal, we are bound to get enlisted in more robust indexing sites. I sincerely hope that our readers will provide more and more help in this regard by means of their valuable contributions.
A case of Polymicrogyria with Alpha Dystroglycanopathy presented with milder form with intellectual disability and partial seizure
Authors: Bhattacharyya Ranjan , Mandal Supriya Kumar , Mallick Barindranath , Bhattacharyya Sumita , Ray Utpal , Bhattacharyya Jayashree 
Published: December 2020

Background : Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) refers to a group of muscular dystrophies that become apparent in early infancy or at birth. Muscular dystrophies are mostly genetic and a degenerative disease primarily affects voluntary muscles.Introduction : Alpha dystroglycanopathies both phenotypically and genetically are heterogeneous group of disorders and a subgroup of these patients has characteristic brain imaging findings.Material and methods: The case vignette shows a four year old girl presented in the OPD with history of throwing tantrums, delayed developmental milestones, irritability and anger outbursts. She had a history of admission in paediatric neurology indoor with complex partial seizures controlled by tab oxcarbazepine. She was born full term of non-consanguineous marriage by LUCS. There was progressive muscular weakness since early infancy with difficulty in sucking and breathing. No developmental regression was noticed.Results : Her development quotient was found to be 46, plasma ammonia and lactate levels were normal, creatinine kinase was high (314 IU/L). MRI of brain revealed polymicrogyria, white matter changes and subcortical cerebellar cysts. The pattern recognition of MR imaging features may serve as a clue to the diagnosis of alpha dystroglycanopathy although definite diagnosis could be obtained only by muscle biopsy and genetic testing.Conclusion : In Japan, Fukuyama disease is fairly common, second to Duchenne muscular dystrophy but milder form lie this case is rare. The mutation in FKTN gene which gives instructions for making a protein called fukutin, which chemically modify a protein alpha-dystroglycan. Highindex of suspicion and early diagnosis is required to initiate prompt therapy which is mainly supportive with rigorous physiotherapy, antiepileptic drugs, parental and genetic counseling.
A Comparative Study of Depressive Episode in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Mondal Arijit , Mukherjee Sumit , Ghosh Sayanti , Mukherjee Divya Gopal 
Published: December 2020

Distinguishing between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder is important because there are differences in the optimal management of these conditions. Antidepressant treatment of bipolar depression (BPD) can adversely affect long-term prognosis by causingdestabilisation of mood and more frequent depressive episodes, and can lead to the development of treatment resistance. Most people with bipolar disorder experience depression rather than mania as their first episode of illness. It is clinically desirable to recognise, or at least to suspect,bipolar depression at an early stage of a bipolar illness.
OBJECTIVE : Comparison of depressive episode in major depressive disorder and bipolar affective disorder in a tertiary care general hospital, psychiatry unit.
METHOD : 80 cases of unipolar depression and 54 cases of bipolar depression were compared on the basis of socio-demographic profile, family history of mood disorder and clinical features using Semi structured questionnaire for socio-demographic profile and validated Bengaliversion of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
RESULTS : Bipolar depression is characterized by early age of onset, more number of previous episodes, positive family history, more severe in nature associated with prominent features of guilt feeling, self dislike, self accusation, suicidal ideas, irritability, social withdrawal, fatigability and loss of libido. Major depressive disorder shows female preponderance, more number of stressful life events before episodes. Body image change, insomnia, anorexia, weight loss, somatic pre-occupation are more in unipolar depression.
Neurobiology of technological addiction : Impulsive compulsive spectrum
Authors: Ghosal Malay Kumar 
Published: December 2020

For the last two decades we are witnessing a change, an advancement of technology leading to communication revolution. People are coming closer in a virtual world. Smart phone, computer, internet, social networking sites like facebook, whatsapp are now household names. Another person from the farthest part of the globe can access anything happening at another part of the globe. Information of different spheresis now at our fingertips. Many commercial activities like banking, shopping, entertainment etc are routinely done through internet.
Psychosocial Intervention with a Case of Conduct Disorder
Authors: Pal Arkita , Saha Soma , Sen Tumpa 
Published: December 2020

In this particular case of conduct disorder, it has been evident that a persistent negative attitude and social elimination of mental illness has prevailed throughout history but general people still poorly understand it. Children’s conduct behaviors have been an extensive societal worry and reflected to be indications of juvenile delinquency and adult criminality. Children with conduct problems exhibit variety of troublesome and rule violating behaviors extending from annoying but relatively minor behaviors such as complaining, temper tantrums to more severe forms of rebellious behavior such as destruction, theft, and physical attack. Given this diversity, this is useful to make clinical concern to deal with behavioral divergences. In this present case, it has been inevitably shown that psychosocial management could be a good choice for a better outcome.
Gora Chand Boral
Authors: Boral Anjan 
Published: December 2020

Gora Chand Boral was born in a middle class family in north Calcutta on March 1, 1933. He completed his schooling in Calcutta and aspired to become a medical practitioner from a very young age. He took admission in R. G. Kar Medical college in 1955. He was a good sportsman in his school and college days and had won many accolades.
Default Mode Network : Its Implications in Psychiatry
Authors: Chakraborty Souvik 
Published: December 2020

The brain’s “default mode network” is among the most rapidly growing neuroscientific topics of the new millennium. Since the appointment of its name in the turn of the millenium (Raichle and others 2001), the default network has garnered considerable interest for its high level of resting metabolic activity, which decreases in the face of externally-directed attention (Minoshima and others 1997; Gusnard and Raichle 2001). Though its presence was anticipated by some Neuro-scientists as early as late 1920s, it was a serendipitous discovery by a group of Neuroradiologists working on functional neuro-imaging at Washington University School of Medicine.
Drug Watch Deutetrabenazine
Authors: Bhattacharyya Ranjan 
Published: December 2020

Deutrabenazine is indicated in the management of chorea associated with Huntington’s disease and in the treatment of Tardive dyskinesia in adults by US FDA. However, it should be used with a pinch of salt, as it can raise the risk of depression and suicidal thoughts with unusual behavioural abnormalities specially in patients with Huntington’s disease. The family history is an added risk factor and close monitoring is required and the molecule is contraindicated in this group of patients. In hepatic impairment it is also not recommended. It shouldn’t be used with Reserpine. A window period of 3 weeks after discontinuation of reserpine and 2 weeks for MAO inhibitors and tetrabenazine or valbenazine is recommended.
Keyword : Deutetrabenazine, VMAT2 inhibitor, Huntington’s disease, Tardive dyskinesia.
Behavioural Side Effects of Methyl Phenidate and Atomoxetine
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Tamoghna , Sen Aratrika 
Published: December 2020

Attention - Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood behavioral disorders diagnosed in the psychiatry outdoor setting, affecting 5-7% of school - aged children[1]. It is a neuro - developmental disorder that runs a chronic course and causes significant impairments across various domains of day to day functioning. The symptoms of ADHD are divided into two predominant categories: inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Inattention is divided intwo subtypes i.e. focused and sustained/ Executive dysfunction.
A Case of Early onset Vertical Gaze Palsy with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Bhattacharyya Ranjan , Chowdhuri Shubho 
Published: December 2020

A lady with early onset cognitive impairment with movement disorder and elevated mood, grandiosity, distractibility, flight of ideas, pressure of speech presented in outpatient department and initially diagnosed as Bipolar disorder with early onset parkinsonism and Frontotemporal dementia. She later developed vertical gaze palsy with slow saccadic movements and her diagnosis was confirmed as Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The association of bipolar disorder indigenous to pathological laughter and crying is the pearl of this clinical case.
Key words : PSP, Bipolar disorder, vertical gaze palsy, extrapyramidal symptoms
Long Term Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Saha Indranil , Barua Supartha , Mondal Arijit 
Published: December 2020

The psychopharmacology of alcohol dependence is today poised at interesting crossroads. Three major drugs Naltrexone, Disulfiram and Acamprosate have been tried and tested in various trials and have many meta-analyses each to support them. While Naltrexone may reduce craving, Acamprosate scores on cost effectiveness worldwide with Disulfiram being an alcohol deterrent drug. Studies support, refute and criticize the use of each of these drugs. Combining one or more of them is also a trend seen. The most important factor in efficacy has been the combination of psychosocial treatment with medication. In this article, we are going to discuss about long term pharmacological management of chronic alcoholism.
Psicose inicial: evolução clínica e psicossocial dos doentes em programa especializado, comparativamente ao tratamento habitual
Authors: Trovão José Nuno , Canha João , Carneiro Leonor , Castro Fernanda , Ribeiro Elisabete , Borges Sandra , Marques Ana Isabel 
Published: December 2020

Introdução: A par dos modelos nacionais e internacionais de intervenção na fase inicial das perturbações psicóticas, teve início, em 2010, um Programa de Intervenção Precoce em Psicose (PIPP) na instituição dos autores. Este proporciona um acompanhamento multidisciplinar intensivo, a doentes nos primeiros cinco anos de apresentação de sintomas psicóticos, visando otimizar a abordagem para que alcancem uma melhor recuperação e evolução. Foi objetivo do presente trabalho avaliar o impacto dessa intervenção especializada sobre a evolução dos doentes em fase inicial de uma perturbação psicótica.
Metodologia: Foi efetuado um estudo retrospetivo de um conjunto de variáveis clínicas e sociais de uma amostra de doentes admitidos consecutivamente no PIPP, desde 2010, por um diagnóstico de psicose com menos de cinco anos de evolução, e acompanhados durante os cinco anos seguintes no programa. Comparativamente, analisámos o comportamento das mesmas variáveis numa amostra histórica de doentes com psicose inicial tratados de forma genérica (N-PIPP), previamente à criação do programa. A análise estatística fez-se com recurso ao programa informático SPSS 22.
Resultados: Comparativamente ao grupo N-PIPP, os doentes do grupo PIPP apresentaram, ao fim de cinco anos, um risco significativamente menor de reinternamento (RR=0,33, p=0,043) e de abandono definitivo do tratamento (RR=0,21, p=0,011); e uma maior probabilidade de ocupação social ou profissional (RR= 1,83, p=0,048). Apresentaram também maior remissão sintomática apesar de não se ter apurado significância estatística nessa associação (RR= 1,33, p=0,184).
Conclusões: O acompanhamento dos doentes em fase de psicose inicial num programa especializado tem um efeito favorável na sua evolução clínica e social.
Caracterização Sociodemográfica dos Doentes Internados por Tentativas de Suicídio e Comportamentos Autolesivos em Psiquiatria
Authors: Brandão Daniela , Fonte Aníbal 
Published: December 2020

Introdução: Os comportamentos suicidas acarretam de forma inequívoca consequências tanto a nível da sociedade como no seio familiar. Estes comportamentos podem dividir‑se em atos suicidas (tentativas de suicídio e suicídio consumado) e comportamentos autolesivos, sendo estes importantes preditores de risco para o suicídio. O objetivo deste trabalho baseia‑se na caracterização sociodemográfica do doente internado por tentativas de suicídio e comportamentos autolesivos num período de seis anos (2008‑2013), na comparação destes comportamentos em função do sexo e na avaliação da evolução desses internamentos ao longo desses seis anos.
Métodos: Utilizou‑se como fonte de dados os registos dos processos clínicos.
Resultados: No período em estudo as tentativas de suicídio foram responsáveis por 13,1% de todos os internamentos enquanto os comportamentos autolesivos estiveram na origem de 0,9%. A maioria permanece internada por um período relativamente curto. Ambos predominam no sexo feminino, na faixa etária dos 31‑40 anos e no concelho de Viana do Castelo. Constata‑se que a maioria dos internamentos por tentativa de suicídio ocorre no mês de fevereiro e na Primavera, fruto de uma perturbação de adaptação. Os comportamentos autolesivos verificam‑se sobretudo em abril e outubro, no Verão, apresentando a maioria psicose afetiva. Em ambos os casos, a intoxicação é o método predominante, sendo os agentes psicotrópicos os mais usados. Em 2013 regista‑se o maior número de internamentos por tentativa de suicídio, não se registando nenhum internamento por comportamentos autolesivos.
Conclusão: O presente estudo permite confirmar a importância das tentativas de suicídio e comportamentos autolesivos na saúde pública.