bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ancestral function of Inhibitors-of-kappaB regulatesCaenorhabditis elegansdevelopment
Authors: Brena David , Bertran Joan , Porta-de-la-Riva Montserrat , Guillén Yolanda , Cornes Eric , Kukhtar Dmytro , Campos-Vicens Lluís , Fernández Lierni , Pecharroman Irene , Garcia-López Albert , Islam Khademul , Marruecos Laura , Bigas Anna , Cerón Julián , Espinosa Lluís 
Published: March 2020

SummaryMammalian IκB proteins (IκBs) exert their main function as negative regulators of NF-κB, a central signaling pathway controlling immunity and inflammation. An alternative chromatin role for IκBs has been shown to affect stemness and cell differentiation. However, the involvement of NF-κB in this function has not been excluded. NFKI-1 and IKB-1 are IκB homologs inCaenorhabditis elegans, which lacks NF-κB nuclear effectors. We found thatnfki-1andikb-1mutants display developmental defects that phenocopy mutations in Polycomb and UTX-1 histone demethylase, suggesting a role forC. elegansIκBs in chromatin regulation. Further supporting this possibility(i)we detected NFKI-1 in the nucleus of cells;(ii)NFKI-1 and IKB-1 bind to histones and Polycomb proteins,(iii)and associate with chromatinin vivo, and(iv)mutations innfki-1andikb-1alter chromatin marks. Based on these results, we propose that ancestral IκB inhibitors modulate Polycomb activity at specific gene subsets with an impact on development.
Quantitative intravital imaging revealsin vivodynamics of physiological-stress induced mitophagy
Authors: Wrighton Paul J. , Shwartz Arkadi , Heo Jin-Mi , Quenzer Eleanor D. , LaBella Kyle A. , Harper J. Wade , Goessling Wolfram 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTMitophagy, the selective recycling of mitochondria through autophagy, is a crucial metabolic process induced by cellular stress, and defects are linked to aging, sarcopenia, and neurodegenerative diseases. To therapeutically target mitophagy, the fundamentalin vivodynamics and molecular mechanisms must be fully understood. Here, we generated mitophagy biosensor zebrafish lines expressing mitochondrially targeted, pH-sensitive, fluorescent probes mito-Keima and mito-EGFP-mCherry and used quantitative intravital imaging to illuminate mitophagy during physiological stresses—embryonic development, fasting and hypoxia. In fasted muscle, volumetric mitolysosome size analyses documented organelle stress-response dynamics, and time-lapse imaging revealed mitochondrial filaments undergo piecemeal fragmentation and recycling rather than the wholesale turnover observed in cultured cells. Hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif) pathway activation through physiological hypoxia or chemical or genetic modulation also provoked mitophagy. Intriguingly, mutation of a single mitophagy receptorbnip3prevented this effect, whereas disruption of other putative hypoxia-associated mitophagy genesbnip3la(nix),fundc1, pink1orprkn(Parkin) had no effect. Thisin vivoimaging study establishes fundamental dynamics of fasting-induced mitophagy and identifiesbnip3as the master regulator of Hif-induced mitophagy in vertebrate muscle.
Gamma-rhythmic input causes spike output
Authors: Lewis Christopher Murphy , Ni Jianguang , Wunderle Thomas , Jendritza Patrick , Diester Ilka , Fries Pascal 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe gamma rhythm has been implicated in neuronal communication, but causal evidence remains indirect. We measured spike output of local neuronal networks and emulated their synaptic input through optogenetics. Opsins provide currents through somato-dendritic membranes, similar to synapses, yet under experimental control with high temporal precision. We expressed Channelrhodopsin-2 in excitatory neurons of cat visual cortex and recorded neuronal responses to light with different temporal characteristics. Sine waves of different frequencies entrained neuronal responses with a reliability that peaked for input frequencies in the gamma band. Crucially, we also presented white-noise sequences, because their temporal unpredictability enables analysis of causality. Neuronal spike output was caused specifically by the input’s gamma component. This gamma-specific transfer function is likely an emergent property of in-vivo networks with feedback inhibition. The method described here could reveal the transfer function between the input to any one and the output of any other neuronal group.
Universal and taxon-specific trends in protein sequences as a function of age
Authors: James Jennifer E , Willis Sara M , Nelson Paul G , Weibel Catherine , Kosinski Luke J , Masel Joanna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExtant protein-coding sequences span a huge range of ages, from those that emerged only recently in particular lineages, to those present in the last universal common ancestor. Because evolution has had less time to act on young sequences, there might be “phylostratigraphy” trends in any properties that evolve slowly with age. Indeed, a long-term reduction in hydrophobicity and in hydrophobic clustering has been found in previous, taxonomically restricted studies. Here we perform integrated phylostratigraphy across 435 fully sequenced and dated eukaryotic species, using sensitive HMM methods to detect homology of protein domains (which may vary in age within the same gene), and applying a variety of quality filters. We find that the reduction in hydrophobic clustering is universal across diverse lineages, showing limited sign of saturation. But the tendency for young domains to have higher protein structural disorder, driven primarily by more hydrophilic amino acids, is found only among young animal domains, and not young plant domains, nor ancient domains predating the existence of the last eukaryotic common ancestor. Among ancient domains, trends in amino acid composition reflect the order of recruitment into the genetic code, suggesting that events during the earliest stages of life on earth continue to have an impact on the composition of ancient sequences.
Evaluation of COVID-19 RT-qPCR test in multi-sample pools
Authors: Yelin Idan , Aharony Noga , Tamar Einat Shaer , Argoetti Amir , Messer Esther , Berenbaum Dina , Shafran Einat , Kuzli Areen , Gandali Nagam , Hashimshony Tamar , Mandel-Gutfreund Yael , Halberthal Michael , Geffen Yuval , Szwarcwort-Cohen Moran , Kishony Roy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 lead to a current pandemic of unprecedented levels. Though diagnostic tests are fundamental to the ability to detect and respond, many health systems are already experiencing shortages of reagents associated with this test. Here, testing a pooling approach for the standard RT-qPCR test, we find that a single positive sample can be detected even in pools of up to 32 samples, with an estimated false negative rate of 10%. Detection of positive samples diluted in even up to 64 samples may also be attainable, though may require additional amplification cycles. As it uses the standard protocols, reagents and equipment, this pooling method can be applied immediately in current clinical testing laboratories. We hope that such implementation of a pool test for COVID-19 would allow expanding current screening capacities thereby enabling the expansion of detection in the community, as well as in close integral groups, such as hospital departments, army units, or factory shifts.
C Terminus of DJ-1 Determines Its Homodimerization, Deglycation Activity and Suppression of Ferroptosis
Authors: Jiang Li , Chen Xiaobing , Wu Qian , Zhu Haiying , Du Chengyong , Ying Meidan , He Qiaojun , Zhu Hong , Yang Bo , Cao Ji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDJ-1 is a multi-functional protein related to cancer and autosomal early-onset Parkinson disease (PD). Besides the well-documented antioxidative stress activity, recent studies suggest that DJ-1 has the deglycation enzymatic activity and the anti-ferroptosis function. Although it has been demonstrated that DJ-1 forms the homodimerization, which dictates its antioxidative stress activity, the relationship between the dimeric structure and newly reported activities remains largely elusive. In this study, we find that the deletion mutation of the last 3 amino acids at C terminus of DJ-1 disrupts its homodimerization in both transfected and purified DJ-1 protein. Further study shows that hydrophobic L187 residue is of great importance for DJ-1 homodimerization. In addition, the ability in methylglyoxal detoxification is almost abolished in the mutation of deleting last 3 residues at C terminus (ΔC3) and point mutant L187E compared with wild type DJ-1 (DJ-1 WT). We also find that the suppression of ferroptosis is fully inhibited by ΔC3 and L187E while partially suppressed by V51C. Thus, our findings show that C terminus of DJ-1 is crucial for its homodimerization, deglycation activity and suppression of ferroptosis.
Optimum sub-megawatt electric-hybrid power source selection
Authors: Picard Benoit , Picard Mathieu , Plante Jean-Sébastien , Rancourt David 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The limited energy density of batteries generates the need for high-performance power sources for emerging eVTOL applications with radical operational improvement potential over traditional aircraft. This paper aims to evaluate on-design and off-design recuperated turbogenerator performances based on newly developed compression loaded ceramic turbines, the Inside-out Ceramic Turbine (ICT), in order to select the optimum engine configuration for sub-megawatt systems.

Design/methodology/approach
System-level thermal engine modeling is combined with electric generators and power electronics performance predictions to obtain the Pareto front between efficiency and power density for a variety of engine designs, both for recuperated and simple cycle turbines. Part load efficiency for those engines are evaluated, and the results are used for an engine selection based on a simplified eVTOL mission capability.

Findings
By operating with high turbine inlet temperature, variable output speed and adequately sized recuperator, a turbogenerator provides exceptional efficiency at both nominal power and part load operation for a turbomachine, while maintaining the high power density required for aircraft. In application with a high peak-to-cruise power ratio, such power source would provide eight times the range of battery-electric power pack and an 80% improvement over the state-of-the-art simple cycle turbogenerator.

Practical implications
The implementation of a recuperator would provide additional gains especially important for military and on-demand mobility applications, notably reducing the heat signature and noise of the system. The engine low-pressure ratio reduces its complexity and combined with the fuel savings, the system could significantly reduce operational cost.

Originality/value
Implementation of radically new ICT architecture provides the key element to make a sub-megawatt recuperated turbogenerator viable in terms of power density. The synergetic combination of a recuperator, high temperature turbine and variable speed electric generator provides drastic improvement over simple-cycle turbines, making such a system highly relevant as the power source for future eVTOL applications.
Data science for business: benefits, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Medeiros Mauricius Munhoz de , Hoppen Norberto , Maçada Antonio Carlos Gastaud 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to identify the benefits of data science (DS) for organizations, highlighting the challenges and opportunities related to developing this capability.

Design/methodology/approach
Initially, a literature review was performed. Later, empirical data were collected through a structured electronic interview answered by 211 informants, who are most experienced managers of medium and large organizations from different economic sectors, and data were submitted to content analysis.

Findings
The most frequently observed benefits are as follows: support for data analysis and insight generation with agility; creation of a data-driven culture; improvement of data quality; facilitating the understanding of the business environment, opportunity sensing; and organizational performance management. The most observed challenges are as follows: data-driven culture; DS training; allocation of investments in analytical technologies; and data governance and strategy.

Research limitations/implications
In addition, to mapping the state of the art on the subject, it contributes to the expansion of scientific knowledge through the identification and disclosure of 11 benefit indicators and 16 challenge indicators associated with analytical capabilities.

Practical implications
To transform data into information and add value to the business, organizations need to make efforts to enable executive mindset change, the formulation of strategies and governance mechanisms gave the renewal of workforce competencies and the allocation of investments in information technology.

Originality/value
A vast body of empirical evidence is gathered that consolidates different views on the benefits and challenges associated with DS for business.
SMEs motivations for CSR: an exploratory study
Authors: Grimstad Siv Marina Flø , Glavee-Geo Richard , Fjørtoft Barbro Elisabeth 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe paper aims to investigate the relationship between firms’ motivation for corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the moderating role of internationalisation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors developed and tested a conceptual model based on a survey of 65 respondents from the Møre and Romsdal (M&R) maritime cluster. The M&R maritime cluster despite being national has strong interconnections to the global maritime industry and as such, presents a suitable context for testing our research model.FindingsThe findings show that firms’ intrinsic motivation drives CSR more than extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is understood as a firm engaging in CSR because it is the right thing to do and done out of one’s free will without compulsion or coercion. Extrinsic motivation relates to an action that is performed to achieve a separate outcome. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are found to be related and not mutually exclusive. The impact of intrinsic motivation on CSR was found to be contingent on the extent of the internationalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Originality/valueThe key contribution of the study is the modelling of firms’ motivation for CSR activities and the contingent effect of internationalisation. In as much as companies perceive CSR activities as the right thing to do, the motive to do so also depends on the business case/profit motive. The study shows that SMEs’ intrinsic motivation is the driving force in CSR implementation and suggests that the urge by firms to give back to society is strengthened under conditions of high economic incentives and the firms’ degree of internationalisation.
Numerical Brazilian split test of pre-cracked granite with randomly distributed micro-components
Authors: Liu Shiqi , Wang Huanling , Xu Weiya , Qu Xiao , Xie W.C. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanical behavior and propagation of cracks of numerical granite samples through the Brazilian split test and to provide a reference for predicting the behavior of real granite samples.

Design/methodology/approach
The numerical models of granite containing two fissures are established using the parallel bond model (PBM) and the smooth joint model (SJM) in PFC2D. The peak stresses, number of cracks and anisotropic ratios are obtained to study the influence of the mineral composition and the angle of inclination of rock bridge on the strength, failure mode and deformation characteristics.

Findings
The numerical results obtained show that the mineral composition has a marginal influence on the peak stress. When the angle of inclination of rock bridge β increases, the peak stress drops to its minimum value at β = 90° and then gradually increases to a relatively low level. The behavior of cracks falls into three categories based on the distribution of cracks. By analyzing the stress–strain curve and the process of crack propagation for sample No. 4 with β = 60°, it is found that the process of failure can be divided into four stages and tensile cracks dominate. The anisotropic ratios of peak stress and a number of cracks obtained show that the peak stress is low anisotropic and the number of cracks is medium anisotropic.

Originality/value
This paper presents a numerical simulation method to analyze mechanical behavior and propagation of cracks under different conditions. The proposed method and the results obtained are useful for predicting the behavior of real granite samples in laboratory and engineering projects.
Strategic factors and significance of organizational innovation and organizational learning in organizational performance
Authors: Soomro Bahadur Ali , Mangi Shahnawaz , Shah Naimatullah 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe study investigates the experience and significance of strategic factors in organizational innovation (OI) and organizational learning (OL). The study also examines the impact of OI and OL on organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study takes a quantitative approach, with cross-sectional data collected to achieve its purpose. The respondents are CEOs of different organizations. The data collection tool, a survey questionnaire, is applied to a random sample. In total, data from 360 usable cases are analyzed to infer the results.FindingsAfter employing structural equation modeling (SEM), the study findings reveal the positive and significant impact of strategic factors on OI and OL, with these factors comprising personal mastery, transformational leadership, a shared vision, proactivity, and the environment. Furthermore, OI and OL have a positive and significant impact on organizational performance.Practical implicationsThe study's findings may reinforce knowledge of the different strategic factors/capabilities needed to attain a satisfactory level of organizational capabilities and, consequently, may increase organizational performance and encourage entrepreneurship. An investigation of these factors may impart benefits to an organization, such as becoming more innovative or providing a boost to learning. Managers of organizations may generate circumstances to make it easier to achieve the growth of these strategic factors/capabilities.Originality/valueThe study's findings may help to develop a better understanding of strategic factors, OI, OL, and organizational performance, particularly in a developing country context.
The effects of global financial crisis on the relationship between CEO compensation and earnings management
Authors: Assenso-Okofo Oheneba , Ali Muhammad Jahangir , Ahmed Kamran 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effects of global financial crisis (GFC) on chief executive officers’ (CEO) compensation and earnings management relationship. Specifically, the authors examine whether the recent financial crisis had moderated the relationship between CEO bonus and discretionary accruals.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use panel data for 1,800 firm-year observations (over a period of six years from 2005 to 2010) and use univariate and multivariate tests to test their hypothesis. The authors divide the period into pre-crisis, during-crisis and post-crisis periods to examine how the different financial crisis periods affect the relationship between CEO compensation and earnings management. Various alternative tests including endogeneity test suggest that the results are robust.FindingsThe authors’ multivariate results indicate that the relationship between CEO’ compensation and earnings management changes because of the GFC.Practical implicationsThe findings, therefore, justify more monitoring and scrutiny to limit the existence of opportunistic managerial behaviour and for the appropriate designing of CEO compensation packages during abnormal economic circumstances.Originality/valueSo far as the authors’ knowledge goes, this is the first study which examines the relationship between CEO compensation and earnings management during GFC.
Handling inter-organisational conflict based on bargaining power
Authors: Lu Wenxue , Wei Yuxin , Wang Rui 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to reveal the effects of an organisation’s bargaining power on its negotiating behaviours (including integrating, obliging, compromising, dominating and avoiding) in the context of inter-organisational conflict in construction projects and investigate how organisational power distance orientation moderates the relationship between the organisation’s bargaining power and its negotiating behaviours.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a questionnaire survey among practitioners in the Chinese construction industry with the final sample consisting of 219 responses. A structural equation model was used to analyse the data and test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results reveal that an organisation’s bargaining power is positively associated with dominating and integrating behaviours but negatively associated with obliging and avoiding behaviours. Additionally, bargaining power is found to be negatively associated with compromising behaviour when the organisation has a high power distance orientation. Finally, a higher degree of power distance orientation strengthens the positive effect bargaining power has on dominating behaviour.Practical implicationsThe findings can help practitioners to predict the negotiating behaviours of a counterpart according to its bargaining power and the power distance in its organisational culture. This can then enable practitioners to adjust their strategies accordingly and steer the negotiations towards a win–win outcome.Originality/valueThis study applies the approach-inhibition theory of power to inter-organisational negotiations and empirically tests the relationship between an organisation’s bargaining power and its negotiating behaviours in the context of construction projects. Additionally, this study reveals that organisational power distance orientation moderates this relationship.
Intellectual capital in non-profit organisations: lessons learnt for waqf institutions
Authors: Laallam Abdelkader , Kassim Salina , Engku Ali Engku Rabiah Adawiah , Saiti Buerhan 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study aims to highlight the importance of intellectual capital (IC) for the operation of waqf (Islamic endowment) institutions, as few studies have discussed this issue in relation to non-profit religious organisations, particularly waqf organisations. Consequently, this study hopes to contribute to the development of waqf institutions in terms of human capital proficiency, the efficiency of operations and the effectiveness and sustainability of performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors reviewed a significant body of relevant studies written on various aspects of IC, to highlight the significance of considering IC in the operation of non-profit organisations (NPOs) and waqf institutions.FindingsThis study highlights the importance of IC in the operation of waqf institutions. It provides a platform that facilitates understanding of the existing obstacles and challenges in waqf institutions (such as lack of accountability, lack of funding, mismanagement and lack of trained labour, among others) and offers potential solutions through the consideration of knowledge and IC.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is a conceptual analysis of IC in the context of NPOs. Future studies should conduct empirical testing, which will provide more detailed discussion and enriching insights into the issue of IC and the performance of NPOs, particularly in the case of waqf institutions.Practical implicationsThis study provides several important implications for waqf institutions and other NPOs, as it sheds light on the consideration of knowledge and IC in their operations.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to discuss the issues of waqf in the light of IC and provide an integrated framework for the operation of waqf institutions.