bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of breach outflow hydrograph using selected regression breach equations
Authors: Shahrim M F , Ros F C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Embankment dam is commonly built in Malaysia as it provides essential benefits to the local population, such as agricultural activity and flood control measures. However, the release of high potential energy by the impoundment imposes risk of catastrophic event during the dam failure. Therefore, estimation of flood arrival time under dam break event can be beneficial as primary information using numerical model to simulate the breaching process of the embankment dam. The purpose of this study is to establish dam breach profile of Temenggor Dam in predicting breach outflow hydrograph. A few selected regression equations for breach parameters will be tested namely Froehlich, Macdonald and Langridge-Monopolis and Von Thun and Gillete. One-dimensional dam break modelling were performed based on the calculated breach parameters for overtopping and piping failure. Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) software is used for the dam break analysis. Results obtained from the study indicated that overtopping failure yields the highest peak breach flow of 202,099 m3/s, compared to piping failure’s highest peak discharge of 201,126 m3/s.
Pyrolysis kinetic study on homogenized high-density polyethylene with wheat waste using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
Authors: Hesam N M , Rahman A A , Shamsuddin A H , Akhiar A , Saad J Md , Balachandran J K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the potential of different ratios of homogenized biomass and plastic wastes blend were investigated. For plastic waste, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and for biomass, wheat wastes from Iran were selected due to abundance availability of the wastes. Pyrolysis kinetic study were conducted in three different ratios of HDPE (25%, 50% and 75% HDPE) combined with the wheat sample. Parameters used in this study are: heating rate of 10ºC/min, feedstock size less than 250µm, N2 gas as Gas 1 during pyrolysis, purified O2 as Gas 2 to complete the combustion and the mass of the blend was kept at 15mg. The activation energy obtained from the Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for HDPE:wheat blend of ratio 1:3, 2:2 and 3:1 were 47.3798 kJ/kmol, 39.2978 kJ/kmol and 33.7889 kJ/kmol, respectively for the first decomposition stage and for the second decomposition stage were 17.2758 kJ/kmol, 30.2114 kJ/kmol and 80.8258 kJ/kmol, respectively using the Coats Redfern method. Lower value of activation energy in wheat compare to HDPE reduced the activation energy of homogenized samples. The percentage of carbon in plastic is higher than biomass can affect the emission after combustion. On the other hand, the higher percentage of HDPE in ratio increased the calorific value which is an important matter for a fuel.
Synthesis of iron modified sugarcane bagasse activated carbon for oxidation degradation of malachite green
Authors: Pang Y L , Cheam W C , Chua K H , Lim S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4), activated carbon (AC) and Fe3O4/AC composites at various weight ratios (1:1, 3:1 and 1:3) were synthesised successfully using chemical impregnation method. The synthesised composite samples were then analysed by using scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Heterogeneous photo Fenton and Fenton-like processes were applied in degrading malachite green. Fe3O4/AC composite samples showed higher catalytic activity as compared to pure Fe3O4 and AC. The composite of Fe3O4/AC at weight ratio of 1:1 (FeAC11) was determined to be the optimal mixing weight ratio as it possessed the highest heterogeneous photo Fenton and Fenton-like degradation efficiency of malachite green. The highest degradation efficiency of malachite green was achieved at initial dye concentration of 30 ppm, FeAC11 dosage of 0.8 g/L, solution pH of 5, 4 mM of H2O2 with the degradation efficiency of 89.22 % after 3 min. The composite sample FeAC11 depicted high stability as only little amount of leached iron (about 4 mg/L) was detected by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Pseudo second-order kinetic was best fitted to the reaction kinetic of heterogeneous photo Fenton and Fenton-like on the degradation of malachite green at different solution pH.
Enhancement of biodegradability and tensile characteristics of composite plastic film with spirulina algal biomass
Authors: Guru Moorthy A , Abdul-Latif N I S , Ong M Y , Shamsuddin A H , Nomanbhay S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the possibility of blending the Spirulina Algae with Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) in producing composite plastic film with higher biodegradability. In this paper, the tensile characteristics and biodegradation rate of the plastic films with different blending ratio of algae with PVA was investigated. By using solvent casting technique, the composite films with 0%, 5%, 10% and 20% (wt/wt) of algae/PVA were fabricated. The soil degradation results show that the degradation increased as the algal percentage increased. The composite plastic film gave up to ∼50% of weight loss after 1 week of degradation process. Besides, by comparing with other study, the soil degradation results of this study suggested that Spirulina Algae can be act as a better blender with PVA in producing plastic film as compared to corn starch. Moreover, the plastic film demonstrated an excellent tensile characteristic with the increment of algal proportional. The ultimate tensile strength, however, remained constant at around 165 MPa for 10% and 20% algae/PVA plastic films, which was higher than the other previous study. With this high ultimate tensile strength, it was suggested that the algae/PVA composite film are more applicable towards heavy-duty plastics manufacturing sectors that requires tough and durable plastic films. In short, the optimal proportion of Spirulina Algae to PVA for the production of composite plastic film is 20 (wt/wt)% as it gave high ultimate tensile strength and at the same time has the highest biodegradability.
Evaluation of phytoremediation in removing Pb, Cd and Zn from contaminated soil using Ipomoea Aquatica and Spinacia Oleracea
Authors: Saad F N M , Lim F J , Izhar T N T , Odli Z S M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Phytoremediation is an innovative and profound method to clean heavy metals which have been released by human activities into the environment and where the metals had persisted over many years. Phytoremediation employs plants to remove the heavy metals. The aim of this study is to compare Ipomoea Aquatica and Spinacia Oleracea in effectiveness of phytoreduction capability and translocation capability in responds to lead, cadmium and zinc from synthetic soil within 35 days. The synthetic soil was prepared to contain 66 mg/kg Pb, 30 mg/kg of Cd and 66 mg/kg of Zn. I. Aquatica has shown higher removal percentage of Pb, Cd and Zn than S. Oleracea which are 27.7% of Pb, 29.0% of Cd and 32.8% of Zn. The translocation factor (TF) of root to shoot by I. Aquatica is 1.05 and it is higher than S. Oleracea, which is 0.79. Besides that, I. Aquatic has shown a higher combined bioaccumulation factor (BAC) of 0.78 while S. Oleracea has combined BAC of 0.68. The results show that I. Aquatica is more effective for phytoremediation. Furthermore, kinetic evaluation shows that heavy metals treated with I. Aquatica has shorter half-life compared to S. Oleracea which is 76 days.
Optimal Parameter Scenario of Borehole Thermal Resistance for Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Zhou K , Mao J F , Li Y 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The borehole thermal resistance is a significant design indicator for the ground heat exchanger (GHE) and careful design procedure is required for this indicator to decrease the length of GHE and capital investments. In this study, a modified two-dimension numerical model with the resistance model is first applied to analyze the effects of parameters including the borehole radius, pipe-pipe distance, pipe radius, soil thermal conductivity and grout thermal conductivity on the borehole thermal resistance. To implement the analysis, an L27 (35) is established. Then, the Taguchi method is carried out to obtain the optimal scenarios of parameters combination. Results using the optimal parameters set reveal that the maximum borehole thermal resistance decreased value and rate can be up to 0.146 m.K/W and 81.56%. The analysis of variance technique is applied lastly to analyze the relative significance of different parameters. The results indicate that the borehole radius, grout thermal conductivity, and pipe radius are important driving parameters in determining the borehole thermal resistance, while the pipe-pipe distance and ground thermal conductivity almost play no role in it.
Analysis of Experimental Data of Semiconductor Air-conditioning Garment
Authors: Wang Y J , Liu Z L , Pan D N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The semiconductor refrigeration technology was used to design a set of air-conditioning garment. It was movable by using a lithium battery so that people could wear it outside. The air-conditioning garment could afford 100-120W cooling power by using two pieces of semiconductors. The experiments were carried out at ambient temperature of 31°C and 36°C. There were two different heat-dissipating methods to remove the heat from the body at the hot-end of the air-conditioning garment. The feasibility of fan cooling for the hot-end of the semiconductor air-conditioning garment was proposed. There were also two different methods to transfer the cold from the air-conditioning garment to the human torso at the cold end. The cold-end was recommended to use the cold water to absorb the body heat through the capillary according to the experiment data because the cooling loss was so large if using air to absorb the body heat.
Performance Analysis of Energy Harvesting-based Multiple Antenna and Multiple Relays Networks
Authors: Guo Qing , Guo Kefeng , Chang Shugui , Xue Hong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Harvesting regenerable energy from the surrounding environment is an effective way to solve the energy limitation of wireless communication, and energy harvesting communication has become one of the key technologies of 5G. In this paper, based on energy harvesting technology, we study the multiple antenna multiple relaying networks under different relay selection schemes. We design the Maximal ratio combining (MRC) techniques to enhance the system performance under the situation of partial and opportunistic relay selection scheme being used. On this foundation, we investigate the effects of relay selection scheme, multi-antenna technology and number of relays on the multiple relay network. At the same time, we obtain the closed-form expressions for the outage probability of the multiple relaying networks. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation results and intuitive discussions are provided to show the correctness of the analytical results.
An Energy Consumption Prediction LSTM Model of Metallurgy Enterprises
Authors: Wang Xueying , Yu Zhuchao , Xi Pengfei , Chu Gaixia , Lai Shiyang , Li Jing , Zhang Yuanzheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the characteristics of multi-dimensional production data, complicated sources and diverse data structures of metallurgy enterprises, it is of great significance to study how to use energy management-related data to predict metallurgy enterprises’ energy consumption. Using with an accurate measurement method, the enterprises can not only reduce the cost of energy consumption but also develop economic efficiency in producing for metallurgy enterprises, which results in low energy use efficiency, high enterprise cost, and weak scalability. In this paper, we establish an LSTM model to achieve energy consumption prediction for metallurgy enterprises by optimizing the model’s parameters using a grid search algorithm. We also compare our model’s prediction results with other mainstream machine learning algorithms, i.e., MARS and SVM through indexes such as MSE, RMSE, MAPE, and MRAE to evaluate the prediction effect of the learning algorithm. According to our simulation, LSTM performs best in the task of energy consumption prediction.
Aerodynamic Design of Megawatt Wind Turbine Blades with NPU-WA Airfoils
Authors: Xu Jianhua , Han Zhonghua , Yan Xiaochao , Song Wenping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The NPU-WA airfoils were designed at high design lift coefficient and high Reynolds number, with small sensitivity of the maximum lift coefficient to leading edge roughness and excellent geometric compatibility. Compared to the widely used airfoils, the NPU-WA airfoils have higher lift-to-drag ratio and higher maximum lift coefficient. This paper aims to design a megawatt wind turbine blade in order to demonstrate the advantage of the NPU-WA airfoils. The distributions of chord length and twist angle for a 2 MW wind turbine blade are optimized by a kriging surrogate model-based optimizer, with aerodynamic performance being evaluated by blade element-momentum theory. Results show that compared with the baseline blade, the maximum power coefficient of the optimized NPU blade is larger, and the chord lengths at all span-wise sections are smaller, which is benefit to structural weight reduction. It is shown that the NPU-WA airfoils feature excellent aerodynamic for the design of megawatt wind turbine blades.
Co-gasification of Cassava Rhizome and Woody Biomass in the 1 MWel Prototype Dual Fluidised Bed Gasifier by Gussing Renewable Energy
Authors: Hongrapipat J , Siriwongrungson V , Messner M , Henrich C. , Gunnarsson S. , Koch M. , Dichand M. , Rauch R , Pang S , Hofbauer H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the current research, the effect of the mixture ratio by weight of wood chips to cassava rhizome (100%:0%, 75%:25%, and 50%:50%) was investigated on the properties of the product gas produced from the Dual Fluidised Bed gasifier power plant. The DFB gasifier power plant is located in Nongbua district, Nakhon Sawan province, Thailand. The results from this study show that the use of 100% wood chips as a fuel generates high quality product gas as designed. The mixture of wood chips and cassava rhizome in the weight ratio of 75%:25% and 50%:50% also gives satisfactory results: steady operation conditions of the whole power plant process, good quality and quantity of product gas, however, the tar content in the product gas was slightly higher than that of using wood chips alone. The researchers found that cassava rhizome can be used as a fuel mixture together with wood chips in the current DFB gasifier at site to generate heat and electricity. The outcome of this research will create the use of waste cassava rhizome, enormously available around the power plant, as well as the broad application of gasification technology using various biomass feedstock types available in Thailand.
Research on Coordinated Optimization of Integrated Intelligent Energy Supply
Authors: Peng Liyuan , Zhang Xiaohui , Yuan Jianli , Fu Jia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The coordination and optimization of integrated intelligent energy resources is an advanced energy supply strategy. And it is also a key issue for the development of integrated intelligent energy resources. Meanwhile, the characteristics of energy supply equipment and equipment, load characteristics and user needs should be taken into account. In this paper, an integrated intelligent energy system of some enterprise is taken as an example to research the coordinated optimization of integrated intelligent energy supply. The energy supply facilities in the park include CCHP system, photovoltaic power generation system, water storage system and municipal power supply, cooling and heating. How to coordinate and optimize these energy supplies according to the characteristics of each energy supply unit, load time domain, electricity and gas price information will be the main content of this paper. In this paper, a coordinated energy supply strategy is proposed. And a whole system model is established. At last, the advantage of the strategy and the model is verified through simulation.
Orthogonal Experimental Study on Preparation of Chitosan Oligosaccharide by Chitooligase
Authors: Xu Feng , You Zhaotao , Rong Haiwu , Chen Xin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan with papain, and the chitosan oligosaccharides were accumulated, and the reducing sugar concentration and reducing sugar rate in the enzymatic solution were used as evaluation indexes. The results showed that with the increase of pH and reaction temperature, the concentration of reducing sugar in the enzymatic hydrolysate increased first and then decreased, and the appropriate reaction time, pH, reaction temperature, enzyme base ratio and substrate concentration were 1.0 h, 5.0, 45 °C, 1:10 and 1.75%, respectively. In the process of degradation of chitosan by papain, the pH value had the greatest influence on the experiment, while the influence of the other four factors was not obvious, and the order of influence of the five factors was as follows: pH value > enzyme base ratio > substrate concentration > time > temperature.
A Nonlinear Method for Long-term Optimal Operations for Cascade Hydropower Plants with Electricity-Price Curves
Authors: Shen J J , Zhong H , Cheng X 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Based on the electricity market of Yunnan Province in China, a nonlinear method for long-term optimal operations for cascade hydropower plants with electricity-price curves is developed. This method takes into account multiple trading varieties that include matching, outside, and priority. With a large amount of historical market transaction data, the regression analysis method is used to determine a nonlinear relationship curve between electricity and price of each market variety. Moreover, the differences of the price characteristics in flood season and dry season are also considered. The fitted electricity-price curves are utilized to formulate an optimization model with maximizing generation benefit. The hydropower nonlinearities of this model are handled by the polynomial technique to obtain a solvable MINLP model. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can reasonably determine the declared electricity quantity of cascaded hydropower plants in different trading markets depending on the electricity-price relationships. It is suggested that low-price electricity in flood season should be transferred to high-price electricity market in dry season since the total power generation benefit of the system can be effectively improved.
Arc Suppression Method for Distribution Network with New Energy Based on Active Inverter Split-phase Injection
Authors: Feng Guang , Wang Peng , Liang Hongxiang , Yu Kun , Zeng Xiangjun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
With the continuous development and promotion of new energy technology, the traditional distribution network structure has been changed. After the new energy power is connected, the distribution network has changed from a traditional single-ended power supply radiation network to a dual-end or multi-end power supply network. Some active arc suppression methods often ignore the impact of new energy power supply when calculating the injected current. Aiming at the above problems, and drawing on the existing flexible grounding technology, this paper proposes an arc suppression method for new energy distribution networks based on active inverter split-phase injection, which comprehensively considers the impact of system-side power and new energy-side power on the injection current calculation. It is shown that this method can effectively compensate the fault current and can effectively suppress the re-combustion of AC arc.
Performance Modelling and Parametric Analysis of Domestic Hot Water Tanks in Discharging Mode
Authors: Chandra Yogender Pal , Matuska Tomas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Thermal energy storage (TES) is the central component of any renewable energy system (RES) and can considerably effect its overall efficiency. A good storage tank should enhance the stratification by restricting inlet mixing. In this paper, an experimental study is presented to evaluate the performance of domestic hot water storage tanks in discharging mode. Discharging of tank was conducted with different inlet flow rate to assess the effect of inlet mixing on thermal stratification. The study was conducted to visualize the combined results of temperature distribution, MIX number and Richardson number to predict the behavior of tank under dynamic mode. It was concluded that discharging rate of 800L/hour has the maximum mixing and thus the worst stratification for current scenario.
Optimization of the Temperature and Time for the Autolysis and Enzymolysis of Perna Viridis Protein
Authors: Chen Xin , Xu Feng , Chen Deke , Chen Hua , Sun Huili , Zhang Yongli 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To determine the optimal conditions for autolysis, the autolysis of mussel (Perna viridis) protein was studied. Using P. viridis meat as the raw material and the degree of hydrolysis as the index, the effects of hydrolysis temperature and hydrolysis time, were researched. Single-factor experiments of autolysis of P. viridis were conducted, taking the degree of hydrolysis as the index. Keeping the pH, time, and solid/liquid ratio unchanged, the temperature was controlled at 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C to study the effects of temperature on the autolysis of P. viridis protein. When the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 30 °C, the degree of protein hydrolysis was very low. The results showed that: with increasing temperature up to 50 °C, the degree of hydrolysis increased, reaching a maximum of 15.84%. Keeping the pH, temperature, and solid/liquid ratio unchanged, hydrolysis times of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h were tested to determine the effect of time on the autolysis of P. viridis protein. The results showed that: hydrolysis occurred between 2 and 5 h, when the degree of hydrolysis increased from 13.62% to 15.31%, exhibiting a marked change in the extent of hydrolysis. The continuous increase in hydrolysis could be explained by the fact that P. viridis increased the amino nitrogen content in the hydrolysate via enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial degradation of endogenous enzymes. Therefore, the optimum conditions obtained in these experiments were a temperature of 50 °C, time of 5 h.
Influencing Factors of Conditions for Autolysis of Perna Viridis Protein
Authors: Chen Xin , Xu Feng , Chen Deke , Chen Hua , Sun Huili 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The optimal enzymatic conditions obtained by L9 (34) orthogonal experiments were a hydrolysis time of 5 h, hydrolysis temperature of 50 °C, initial pH of 7, and solid/liquid ratio of 1:3. The autolysis conditions of P. viridis protein were studied as a function of the interactions of multiple factors. The reaction pH was the main factor that affected the degree of hydrolysis, and the degree of hydrolysis reached a maximum at pH 7. Changing the pH made a significant difference in the degree of hydrolysis, followed by time and the solid/liquid ratio, with the effect of temperature on the degree of hydrolysis being minimal. The comprehensive analyses revealed that the optimal reaction conditions were a pH of 7, time of 5 h, solid/liquid ratio of 1:3.5, and temperature of 50 °C. Under these conditions, the degree of hydrolysis of the autolytic hydrolysate of P. viridis protein was 23.37%, and the protein recovery was 87.90%.