bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive study of spike fruiting efficiency in wheat
Authors: Pretini Nicole , Terrile Ignacio I. , Gazaba Luciana N. , Donaire Guillermo M. , Arisnabarreta Sebastián , Vanzetti Leonardo S. , González Fernanda G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSpike fruiting efficiency (FE), defined as grains per unit of spike dry weight at anthesis (SDWa) is a promising trait for improving grain number (GN) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It is often estimated at maturity as the grains per unit of chaff or FE at maturity (FEm). The fertile floret efficiency (FFE), defined as fertile florets per unit of SDWa, and grain set (GST), or the number of grains per floret, were studied to better understand FE determination for the first time. Two double haploid populations designed by crossing modern cultivars contrasting for FE [‘Baguette 19’ and ‘Baguette Premium 11’(high FE) × ‘BioINTA2002’ (low FE)] were sown in five environments. The FE and FEm showed an unstable correlation (low or high) among genotypes within environments (caused by variable SDWa–chaff associations), resulting in a worse correlation between GN and FEm than between GN and FE. Therefore, the use of FEm as a surrogate for FE to improve GN may yield lower gains than those expected if FE were used. The narrow‐sense heritability of FFE was high but the variability in fertile florets per spike among genotypes within environments was correlated with FFE only in the environments with high SDWa. Despite the close association between FE and FFE, the former was not totally set at anthesis, as GST greatly affected FE and GN. Selecting for higher FFE and GST, where genotype × environment effects determine heavy spikes at anthesis, is an alternative to breeding for improved GN.
Managing forage and turf‐type bahiagrass for seed production
Authors: Rios Esteban F. , Zilli Alex , Kenworthy Kevin E. , Mackowiak Cheryl , Quesenberry Kenneth , Blount Ann 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) is the most extensively cultivated perennial warm‐season grass in the southeastern United States for pasture, utility turf, cover cropping, and soil stabilization. The University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences bahiagrass breeding program has recently selected several improved forage‐ and dwarf‐turf‐type tetraploid breeding lines. However, seed production and seed quality quantification is needed before proposing any of these lines for cultivar release. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate seed production in seven tetraploid bahiagrass breeding lines (two forage‐type apomictic hybrids, and five turf‐type facultative apomicts) and the cultivar ‘Argentine’, and (b) to determine the optimum management practices (defoliation timing [May, June] and N rate [0, 60, and 120 kg N ha−1]) to increase seed yield and quality. Six seed traits were evaluated during 2 yr (first and second production year) under a randomized complete block design in a strip‐split‐plot arrangement with three replications. Eight genotypes (main plot), two defoliation timings (subplot), and three N fertilization rates (sub‐subplot) were tested. All breeding lines produced viable seed comparable with Argentine, although some of them exhibited very low reproductive efficiency. Nitrogen fertilization improved seed yield by increasing inflorescence density but did not affect seed quality traits. Defoliation in May produced greater seed yield, whereas defoliation in June resulted in greater seed quality, especially for turf‐type genotypes. The information generated in this study will guide cultivar release(s) and will be used to develop targeted recommendation practices for seed production in the species.
Associations between latent trait negative affect and patterns of food‐intake among girls with loss‐of‐control eating
Authors: Byrne Meghan E. , Shomaker Lauren B. , Brady Sheila M. , Kozlosky Merel , Yanovski Jack A. , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveMomentary negative affect (NA) has been shown to predict eating patterns in the laboratory, yet, more stable mood states have not been studied in relation to eating patterns in the laboratory among youth at high risk for binge‐eating disorder and obesity.MethodOne‐hundred‐eight adolescent girls (14.5 ± 1.7 years) with BMI between the 75th–97th percentile who reported loss‐of‐control (LOC)‐eating completed measures of trait anxiety and depressive symptoms. Food‐intake patterns were measured from a laboratory test meal (9,385 kcal). Latent factor analysis of depressive symptoms and trait anxiety was used to compute latent trait NA. Multivariate general linear models predicted total energy, snacks, and macronutrient intake from trait NA, adjusting for age, race, height, lean‐mass, and percentage fat‐mass.ResultsTrait NA was significantly positively related to total energy‐intake, and, specifically, snacks, sweet snacks, and percentage sweet fats (ps ≤ .03), and negatively related to percentage protein consumed (p = .04).DiscussionExpanding on affect theory, trait NA may relate to palatable food‐intake among girls with LOC‐eating. Further data are needed to determine whether those with LOC‐eating and trait NA are at heightened risk for the development of binge‐eating disorder and obesity.
Pre‐empting the challenges faced in adolescence: A systematic literature review of effects of psychosocial interventions for preteens with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Rey Velasco Elena , Pals Regitze Anne Saurbrey , Skinner Timothy Charles , Grabowski Dan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionNumerous psychosocial interventions have been conducted in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, aiming to improve their self‐management and autonomy acquisition. However, these tend to address family conflict and parental perspectives, and a scarce number of interventions explore the outcomes among preteens. This review examined the outcomes of psychosocial interventions for preteens with type 1 diabetes, as an under‐researched field to date.MethodsA systematic literature review of intervention studies with randomized controlled trial design, targeting preteens with type 1 diabetes, was conducted. Six databases were searched for publication periods from 1995 to October 2019. Quality of the interventions according to the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD), as well as reporting and effect sizes, were assessed.ResultsTwelve studies were selected, covering ten interventions. According to the topics identified, four of these interventions were categorized as self‐care programmes, three as psychosocial programmes and three as mixed. All of the interventions, except for one, covered ≥50% of the ISPAD recommendations. Reporting adequacy was negative only in one intervention. Main outcomes were glycemic control and self‐management, but effect sizes could only be calculated for half of the interventions with no overall significant effect.ConclusionsThis review shows a lack of adequate psychosocial interventions targeting preteens with type 1 diabetes and actively involving them as participants. These intervention's educational programmes and methods should be standardized to guarantee successful results. New technologies and peer support implementation could be a promising pathway when designing these studies.
Rapid Determination of Total Polar Compounds in Frying Oil Using ATR‐FTIR Combined with Extended Partial Least Squares Regression
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Ye Qin , Xiao Chaogeng , Zou Ying , Meng Xianghe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA method of rapidly determining the total polar compounds (TPCs) in frying oils using attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with partial least squares (PLS) regression is developed. Oils of various types and geographic origins are used to ensure that the proposed model is robust. The first derivative spectrum is selected as the spectral processing method. The interval PLS, forward interval PLS, and backward interval PLS algorithms are compared in terms of their performance. A correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9942, a root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 1.1, a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 2.30, a residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 4.1, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.65% are obtained by the fiPLS33 model with fewer latent variables and a lower spectral interval number. In addition, sub‐models using a single type of oil showed higher performance (R2 0.9957–0.9998, RMSEC 0.12–0.92, RMSEP 0.79–1.58, RPD 4.79–9.64, LOD 0.66–1.26%) than the general model. The TPC models developed are accurate, stable, and adaptable, and they can be used to analyze general frying oil samples quickly, regardless of the oil type, and to analyze samples of specific oil types accurately.Practical applications: The content of TPCs is an important indicator of whether the oil has been overused and whether it will be harmful during the frying process. However, traditional chemical methods are time‐consuming, and they have not been used to determine large‐sized samples. In addition, due to a lack of regional optimization, most studies on determining TPCs with FTIR give unsatisfactory model performance. A general TPC model that incorporates several oil types and regional optimization is expected to improve prediction performance. Therefore, the proposed method represents a rapid and accurate tool for measuring TPCs in edible fats and oils.
Development and assessment of adsorptive hydrogel: Process engineering and economic considerations
Authors: Sorour Mohammed H. , Tewfik Shadia R. , Abulnour Abdelghani G. , Shaalan Hayam F. , Hani Heba A. , Al‐Bazedi Ghada A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the production of an adsorbing hydrogel to be used for removal of heavy metals. A review of literature on hydrogel adsorption of heavy metals is highlighted. The adopted process is briefly described and typical adsorption results as compared to reported work are presented. The technical specifications of an industrial scale plant of appropriate capacity of 3000 ton/year are detailed. The total capital investment and the production cost have been estimated to be about $M 10.6 and 6.5, respectively. Financial analysis determined the effect of variation of selling price within the reported international range on financial indicators. Furthermore, analysis of the effect of variation by 10% increase/decrease of capital investment and annual operating cost has been also estimated. Indicators include net present value (NPV $M), internal rate of return (IRR%), and average simple return of return (Average. SRR%), which have been estimated as 24%, 18%, and 19%, respectively. The project proves to be techno‐economically viable under the estimated conditions for wider application.
Predicting Survival After Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resection Using Deep Learning on Histological Slides
Authors: Saillard Charlie , Schmauch Benoit , Laifa Oumeima , Moarii Matahi , Toldo Sylvain , Zaslavskiy Mikhail , Pronier Elodie , Laurent Alexis , Amaddeo Giuliana , Regnault Hélène , Sommacale Daniele , Ziol Marianne , Pawlotsky Jean‐Michel , Mulé Sébastien , Luciani Alain , Wainrib Gilles , Clozel Thomas , Courtiol Pierre , Calderaro Julien 
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims
Standardized and robust risk‐stratification systems for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are required to improve therapeutic strategies and investigate the benefits of adjuvant systemic therapies after curative resection/ablation.

Approach and Results
In this study, we used two deep‐learning algorithms based on whole‐slide digitized histological slides (whole‐slide imaging; WSI) to build models for predicting survival of patients with HCC treated by surgical resection. Two independent series were investigated: a discovery set (Henri Mondor Hospital, n = 194) used to develop our algorithms and an independent validation set (The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA], n = 328). WSIs were first divided into small squares (“tiles”), and features were extracted with a pretrained convolutional neural network (preprocessing step). The first deep‐learning–based algorithm (“SCHMOWDER”) uses an attention mechanism on tumoral areas annotated by a pathologist whereas the second (“CHOWDER”) does not require human expertise. In the discovery set, c‐indices for survival prediction of SCHMOWDER and CHOWDER reached 0.78 and 0.75, respectively. Both models outperformed a composite score incorporating all baseline variables associated with survival. Prognostic value of the models was further validated in the TCGA data set, and, as observed in the discovery series, both models had a higher discriminatory power than a score combining all baseline variables associated with survival. Pathological review showed that the tumoral areas most predictive of poor survival were characterized by vascular spaces, the macrotrabecular architectural pattern, and a lack of immune infiltration.

Conclusions
This study shows that artificial intelligence can help refine the prediction of HCC prognosis. It highlights the importance of pathologist/machine interactions for the construction of deep‐learning algorithms that benefit from expert knowledge and allow a biological understanding of their output.
The Role of Clinical Pharmacology in Chemotherapy of Multidrug‐Resistant Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Karbwang Juntra , Na‐Bangchang Kesara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMalaria remains one of the major global public health problems due to the emergence and spread of multidrug‐resistant Plasmodium falciparum. In recent years, clinical pharmacology has significantly contributed to the optimal dosing regimens of antimalarial drugs. The application of pharmacometric modeling and simulation has assisted in the accurate characterization of pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic relationships and the optimization of the dosage regimens of existing antimalarial drugs, including new antimalarial candidates for multidrug‐resistant P falciparum in different populations.
Nitrogen mineralization from organic amendments is variable but predictable
Authors: Lazicki Patricia , Geisseler Daniel , Lloyd Margaret 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo manage nitrogen (N) efficiently, organic growers must be able to predict the amount and timing of plant‐available N from organic amendments. In this study, we measured N mineralization from a variety of organic amendments, including composted animal manures and plant material, pelleted and granular organic fertilizer formulations, slaughter waste products, and hydrolyzed liquid fertilizers. In a laboratory incubation, we measured net N mineralization from materials mixed with either organically or conventionally managed soil at 23°C and 60% water holding capacity after 0, 7, 21, 42, and 84 d. We found that net mineral N change in the amended soils after 84 d of incubation fell into four categories: immobilization to 5% of applied N for yard trimmings composts, 15–30% for poultry manure composts, 35–55% for granular fertilizers, and 60–90% for quick release products. However, across all amendments the amount of plant‐available N after 84 d of incubation was well correlated with the carbon (C)/N ratio (R2 = 0.92). Within amendment types, the C/N ratio predicted N mineralization for yard trimmings composts (R2 = 0.91), manure composts (R2 = 0.81), and specialty fertilizer and slaughter products (R2 = 0.88) but not liquid products (R2 = 0.11). Soil management history did not consistently affect net N mineralization but may have influenced timing.
Causal factors for pesticide trends in streams of the United States: Atrazine and deethylatrazine
Authors: Ryberg Karen R. , Stone Wesley W. , Baker Nancy T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPesticides are important for agriculture in the United States, and atrazine is one of the most widely used and widely detected pesticides in surface water. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which atrazine and its degradation product, deethylatrazine, increase and decrease in surface waters can help inform future decisions for water quality improvement. This study considers causal factors for trends in pesticide concentration in U.S. streams and models the causal factors, other than use, in structural equation models. The structural equation models use a concomitant trend in corn (Zea mays L.) and a latent variable model, indicating moisture supply and management. The moisture supply and management latent variable model incorporates long‐term moisture conditions in the individual watersheds by using the Palmer hydrologic drought index, human influence on the hydrologic cycle through the percentage of the watershed drained by tile drains in 2012, and the base‐flow contribution to streamflow, using the base‐flow index. The structural equation models explain 77 and 38% of the variability in atrazine and deethylatrazine trends, respectively, across the conterminous United States. The models highlight future water quality challenges, particularly in tile‐drained settings where fall precipitation and heavy precipitation are increasing.
Robotic retrogastric cystogastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocyst – A video vignette
Authors: Felsenreich Daniel M. , Quinterro Luis A. , Koo Donna C. , Gachabayov Mahir , Matsumoto Sara , Dong Xiang (Eric) D. 
Published: February 2020

HighlightIn this video vignette, Felsenreich et al describe a case of robotic retrogastric cystogastrostomy in a patient with pancreatic pseudocyst due to gallstone pancreatitis. The robotic retrogastric approach is advantageous because it avoids an anterior gastrotomy without the need for extensive dissection to expose the pancreatic pseudocyst.
Oncologic outcomes of segmentectomy vs lobectomy in pathologic stage IA (≤2 cm) invasive lung adenocarcinoma: A population‐based study
Authors: Li Feng , Zhao Yue , Yuan Ligong , Wang Shuaibo , Mao Yousheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFor early‐stage invasive lung adenocarcinoma, it remains unclear whether segmentectomy can yield outcomes equivalent to those of lobectomy. This study aimed to compare survival outcomes after segmentectomy and lobectomy among patients with stage IA invasive lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsWe identified patients with stage IA (≤2 cm) invasive lung adenocarcinoma who underwent segmentectomy or lobectomy from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004‐2015). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline characteristics. Overall survival (OS) and lung cancer‐specific survival (LCSS) were compared using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsA total of 5474 patients were included. Before PSM, the 5‐year OS was 78.3% for patients undergoing lobectomy vs 76.5% for patients undergoing segmentectomy (P = .166) while LCSS were 86.8% vs 83.0% (P = .015). After PSM, survival analyses showed that segmentectomy had OS (75.8% vs 76.4%; P = .694) and LCSS (82.7% vs 82.9%; P = .604) equivalent to those of lobectomy. Cox regression demonstrated that segmentectomy was equivalent to lobectomy in terms of OS and LCSS before and after PSM.ConclusionFor stage IA (≤2 cm) invasive lung adenocarcinoma, segmentectomy may have oncologic outcomes equivalent to those of lobectomy.
Dental health of Vikings from Kopparsvik on Gotland
Authors: Bertilsson Carolina , Sten Sabine , Andersson Johanna , Lundberg Björn , Lingström Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe prevalence, distribution, and location of dental caries were studied in complete and partial human dentitions dating from the Viking Age dating (900–1050 AD) excavated in Kopparsvik on island of Gotland, Sweden. 18 individuals and a total of 370 teeth were examined, using a strong light source and dental probe. Carious lesions were found in a large number of the individuals, 14 out of 18. The percentage of teeth affected by caries (11,9%) corresponds well with studied skull materials from the same period. The surface most susceptible to caries was the occlusal surface, whereas only a few proximal lesions and one single carious root surface was found. The tooth most commonly affected by caries was the mandibular first molar. The tooth most commonly missing ante‐mortem was also the mandibular molar, and the tooth most commonly missing post mortem was the mandibular incisor. Other findings included apical infections, which were detected clinically in 3% of the teeth.
Effect of Plain Versus Sugar‐Sweetened Breakfast on Energy Balance and Metabolic Health: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Carroll Harriet A. , Chen Yung‐Chih , Templeman Iain S. , Wharton Phoebe , Reeves Sue , Trim William V. , Chowdhury Enhad A. , Brunstrom Jeff M. , Rogers Peter J. , Thompson Dylan , James Lewis J. , Johnson Laura , Betts James A. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThis study investigated the effect of 3 weeks of high‐sugar (“Sweet”) versus low‐sugar (“Plain”) breakfast on energy balance, metabolic health, and appetite.MethodsA total of 29 healthy adults (22 women) completed this randomized crossover study. Participants had pre‐ and postintervention appetite, health, and body mass outcomes measured, and they recorded diet, appetite (visual analogue scales), and physical activity for 8 days during each intervention. Interventions were 3 weeks of isoenergetic Sweet (30% by weight added sugar; average 32 g of sugar) versus Plain (no added sugar; average 8 g of sugar) porridge‐based breakfasts.ResultsPre‐ to postintervention changes in body mass were similar between Plain (Δ 0.1 kg; 95% CI: −0.3 to 0.5 kg) and Sweet (Δ 0.2 kg; 95% CI: −0.2 to 0.5 kg), as were pre‐ to postintervention changes for biomarkers of health (allP ≥ 0.101) and psychological appetite (allP ≥ 0.152). Energy, fat, and protein intake was not statistically different between conditions. Total carbohydrate intake was higher during Sweet (287 ± 82 g/d vs. 256 ± 73 g/d;P = 0.009), driven more by higher sugar intake at breakfast (116 ± 46 g/d vs. 88 ± 38 g/d;P < 0.001) than post‐breakfast sugar intake (Sweet 84 ± 42 g/d vs. Plain 80 ± 37 g/d;P = 0.552). Participants reported reduced sweet desire immediately after Sweet but not Plain breakfasts (trial × timeP < 0.001).ConclusionsEnergy balance, health markers, and appetite did not respond differently to 3 weeks of high‐ or low‐sugar breakfasts.