bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Physicians’ Choice Model Using Mixed Logit With Random Prices for Drugs Case Study on Diabetes Type II
Authors: Huttin Christine Claude , Hausman Jerry 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a first experiment with random generator of drug prices and a first simulation on physicians’ treatment choices (case on pharmacotherapies) for diabetes type II care. It also aims to compare the effects of the price variables according to public versus private health plans on physicians’ choices (Medicare versus commercial Health Plans). The base line model used is a Mixed Logit model with Random Price variables. A series of experiments with random parameters generations is designed with various sequences and number of draws. The model is tested on a real analytical dataset, extracted from the CDC physician survey (National Ambulatory Care Survey, NAMCS), for patients with diabetes type II without complications, for previous predictive econometrics with ENDEPUSresearch, Inc. The model uses a first drug choice set with three alternatives: oral agents only, combined therapies, no drug. The choice models introduce qualitative dependent variables and complement the series of cumulative logistic models per disease. The matlab code for the new specification test on the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives at individual level is modified to fit this type of medical applications; first runs compare main parameters of a full choice set versus reduced choice sets of alternatives. It is planned to design more experiments for extended choice sets and widespread applications, in order to lead to user friendly tools for medical systems. The collaboration with Professor Jerry Hausman on the US market will help with use of results and new ways to adjust the reliability on the selection of alternatives; it may provide additional guidance to the algorithms used by professionals and for health policies.
Evaluation of Cardioprotective Potential of Hydroalcoholic Peel Extract of Citrullus Colocynthis
Authors: Manzoor Ashira , Khan Imran Ahmad , Iqbal Muhammad Omer , Kousar Saba , Munawar shukat Hussain , Manzoor Zahid , mizgan Gul -e- , Perwasha Perwasha 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and objective: Myocardial infarction is the number one cause of death both in males and females in many developed countries. Citrullus colocynthis is a medicinal plant used for the treatment for asthma, constipation, cough. The current study evaluates the cardioprotective potential of hydroalcoholic peel extract of Citrullus colocynthis against adrenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rabbits.Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into four major groups each group consisting of six rabbits. Group - 1 was given adrenaline 2mg/kg subcutaneously for two successive days. Considerably (p<0.001) accelerated the ALP, AST, ALT, Troponin, CK-MB, LDH, and CRP (p<0.05). Group 2, 3, 4 rabbits pre-treated with the peel extract of C. colocynthis 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 300mg/kg respectively orally for 14 successive days and on 14th and 15th-day adrenaline was inoculated considerably improve the impact of adrenaline through lowering the levels of CK-MB, LDH, Troponin, AST, CRP, ALT, and ALP.Results: The myocardial tissues of adrenaline induced group have more necrotic lesions. A slight deteriorating modifications of myocardial tissues usually in cardiac cells structure were observed in the group treated with extract.Conclusion: The out-turn showed the cardioprotective potential of hydroalcoholic peel extract of C. colocynthis in a dose-dependent manner.
Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for Turkey: The Role of Clean Energy Consumption and Ecological Footprint
Authors: Yurtkuran Suleyman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the dynamic relationship between income, clean energy consumption, exports, imports, urbanization and ecological footprint for Turkey from 1973 to 2015 using the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. The long-term coefficients derived from the ARDL approach demonstrate that import increase the ecological footprint, whereas urbanization and clean energy consumption do not have an impact on environmental pollution in the long-term. In addition, the 2001 dummy variable is negative and statistically significant. The crisis in 2001 slowed down the economic growth rate. This situation also caused reduction of environmental pollution. Moreover, the long run estimates indicate that the EKC hypothesis is valid in Turkey. However, the turning point of per capita income was calculated as $16,045 that outside of the analyzed period. As economic activities increase, human pressure on nature continues to increase. Consequently, the only factor that reduces the ecological footprint has been determined as exports. In contrast, economic growth and clean energy consumption cannot be used as a tool to reduce the ecological footprint. Turkey needs a higher level of per capita income than the threshold level to improve environmental quality.
River Styles and Stream Power Analysis Reveal the Diversity of Fluvial Morphology in a Philippine Tropical Catchment
Authors: Tolentino Pamela Louise Mercado , Perez John Edward Gonzales , Guardian Esmael Lanuzga , Boothroyd Richard James , Hoey Trevor B. , Williams Richard D. , Fryirs Kirstie A. , Brierley Gary J. , David Carlos Primo C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Characterisation of hydromorphological attributes is crucial for effective river management. In the Philippines, such applications are usually solely based on water quantity and quality. This paper uses the River Styles Framework as an alternative template for identifying the diversity of river morphodynamics as a valuable input to river management. Eight distinct River Styles (river types) were identified in the Bislak catchment (586 km2), north-west Luzon, indicating considerable geomorphic diversity within a relatively small catchment area. Three River Styles in Confined valley settings occupy 57% of the catchment area, another three in Partly-confined valley settings occupy 37%, and two in the remaining 6% are found in Laterally-unconfined valley settings. Five characteristic downstream patterns of River Styles were identified within the tributaries. We find that variation in channel slope for a given catchment area (i.e. total stream power) is insufficient to differentiate the type of river in a given reach. Hence, topographic analyses should be complemented with broader-framed, catchment-specific approaches to predict river character and behaviour. Geomorphologically-informed analyses can support management applications in the Philippines, explicitly incorporating understanding of river diversity and dynamics.
Meteorological Drought in Northwestern Escarpment of Ethiopian Rift Valley: Detection Seasonal and Spatial Trends
Authors: Ahmed Jemal Nasir , Assefa Engdawork , Zeleke Tesfay , Gidey Eskinder 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe Northwestern Escarpment of Ethiopian Rift Valley has been frequently affected by drought for decades in the major livelihood zones. This brought an adverse effect on the social and economic sectors because it affects significantly the smallholder farmers of the area. However, Most of these reviewed studies have limitations to show the evolutions, spatiotemporal drought frequencies, durations and severities in livelihood zone levels. Hence, the aim of this study was to monitor meteorological drought condition of the Alaje-Ofla (ALOF), Tserare Catchment (TC) and Raya Valley (RV) Livelihood Zones (LZ) from 1983 to 2016 using Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at three months’ time scale. Both monthly Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitations with Station data (CHIRPS) and Enhancing National Climate Service (ENACTS) temperature data (1983-2016) at moderate spatial resolution (i.e.,4 km-by-4km) were obtained from the National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia. ResultsThis study uncovers seasonally recurring droughts that vary in severity, frequencies, and durations within as well as between the livelihood zones. The results indicated that severe drought occurred in all livelihoods zone of the study area from 1983/4 to 1991, while in the ALOFLZ and TCLZ relatively high droughts were observed. The severity and frequency of droughts were increased during the Belg (small rain) season, but decreased in Kiremt (summer) from the period 1989 to 2016. Hence, the severity of drought both on humans and livestock was severe in the area, particularly before the year 2001, but neither catastrophic drought nor food security in TCLZ and RVLZ was observed after year 2001.ConclusionStudying drought with long recorded meteorological data from a large number and uniformly distributed meteorological grids in small scale livelihood zones had great implications to identify the real trends of spatiotemporal meteorological drought. This enabled the researchers to investigate the real drought frequencies, severity, and durations in small scale areas. This study can support to improve the existing drought monitoring system and to build resilience to drought at household level.
How to Manage Synchronous Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer Patients?
Authors: Shin Wonkyo , Park Sang-yoon , Kang Sokbom , Lim Myongcheol , Seo Sang-Soo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the prognosis in patients with synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancer (SEOC) by comparing the differences between double primary cancer (DPC) and metastatic cancer (MC). Methods: The medical records of 47 patients diagnosed synchronously with endometrial and ovarian cancer between January 2006 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-eight and 19 patients were diagnosed with DPC and MC, respectively. Demographics, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and 5-year overall survival (OS) were compared. The clinical factors affecting survival were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results: The demographics were not different between both groups. Endometrioid histology and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grade were higher in the MC group than in the DPC group (42.1% vs. 10.7 %; P=0.018, P=0.002, respectively). The ratio of post-operative adjuvant therapy was not different in both groups. Recurrence occurred in five patients with DPC and seven with MC. The difference in RFS was not significantly different (P=0.131) but the OS was different between both groups (P = 0.020). Histology and para-aortic lymph node metastasis were associated wtih RFS in univariate analysis, but no difference was found in multivariate analysis.Conclusions: Although DPC patients had longer OS, multivariate analysis did not identify any influential factors. Focus should be placed on defining the appropriate adjuvant treatment for high-risk patients, which will improve prognosis, rather than on discriminating between DPC and MC.
The predicting roles of carcinoembryonic antigen and its underlying mechanism in the progression of coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Huang Runzhi , Meng Tong , Zha Qiongfang , Cheng Kebin , Zhou Xin , Zheng Junhua , Zhang Dingyu , Liu Ruilin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has induced a worldwide pneumonia with a high infectivity and mortality. However, the predicting biomarkers and their potential mechanism in the progression of COVID-19 are not well known.
Objective

The aim of this study is to identify the candidate predictors of COVID-19 and investigate their underlying mechanism.
Methods

The retrospective study was conducted to identify the potential laboratory indicators with prognostic values of COVID-19 disease. Then, the prognostic nomogram was constructed to predict the overall survival of COVID-19 patients. Additionally, the scRNA-seq data of BALF and PBMCs from COVID-19 patients were downloaded to investigate the underlying mechanism of the most important prognostic indicators in lungs and peripherals, respectively.
Results

304 hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital were included in the retrospective study. CEA was the only laboratory indicator with significant difference in the univariate (P < 0.001) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.021). The scRNA-seq data of BALF and PBMCs from COVID-19 patients were downloaded to investigate the underlying mechanism of CEA in lungs and peripherals, respectively. The results revealed the potential roles of CEA were significantly distributed in Type II pneumocytes of BALF and developing neutrophils of PBMCs, participating in the progression of COVID-19 by regulating the cell-cell communication.
Conclusion

This study identifies the prognostic roles of CEA in COVID-19 patients and implies the potential roles of CEACAM8-CEACAM6 in the progression of COVID-19 by regulating the cell-cell communication of developing neutrophils and Type II pneumocyte.
Establishment of Routine Clinical Indicators-Based Nomograms for Predicting the Mortality in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: He Jialin , Song Caiping , Liu En , Liu Xi , Wu Hao , Lin Hui , Liu Yuliang , Li Qi , Xu Zhi , Ren XiaoBao , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Wenjing , Duan Wei , Tian Yongfeng , Li Ping , Hu Mingdong , Yang Shiming , Xu Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to establish and validate nomograms to predict the mortality risk of patients with COVID-19 using routine clinical indicators. Method: This retrospective study included a development cohort enrolled 2119 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and a validation cohort included 1504 COVID-19 patients. The demographics, clinical manifestations, vital signs and laboratory test results of the patients at admission and outcome of in-hospital death were recorded. The independent factors associated with death were identified by a forward stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis and used to construct two prognostic nomograms. The models were then tested in an external dataset. Results: Nomogram 1 is a full model included nine factors identified in the multivariate logistic regression and nomogram 2 is built by selecting four factors from nine to perform as a reduced model. Nomogram 1 and nomogram 2 established showed better performance in discrimination and calibration than the MuLBSTA score in training. In validation, Nomogram 1 performed better than nomogram 2 for calibration. Conclusion: Nomograms we established performed better than the MuLBSTA score. We recommend the application of nomogram 1 in general hospital which provide robust prognostic performance but more cumbersome; nomogram 2 in mobile cabin hospitals which depend on less laboratory examinations and more convenient. Both nomograms can help clinicians in identifying patients at risk of death with routine clinical indicators at admission, which may reduce the overall mortality of COVID-19.
Queratocisto odontogênico agressivo: relato de caso
Authors: Barros Maylson Alves Nogueira , Teslenco Vitor Bruno , Marques Diogo Henrique Rodrigues , Cavalcanti Herbert de Abreu , Reis Guilherme Nucci , Pancini Everton Floriano 
Published: December 2020

Introdução: O queratocisto odontogênico compreende uma lesão cística benigna, de origem dos restos da lamina dentaria ou células epiteliais adjacentes, com altas taxas de recorrência, crescimento rápido no sentido antero-posterior no interior do tecido ósseo medular. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever relato de caso de um queratocisto atípico. Relato de Caso: Paciente leucoderma, 17 anos, encaminhando ao serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial devido queixa de aumento de volume, dor, dormência do lábio inferior, mobilidade dentaria. Foi solicitado exame de imagem, uma tomografia de face, onde se evidenciou uma imagem hipodensa, osteolítica, envolvendo região mandibular. O paciente foi diagnostico com queratocisto odontogênico, sendo submetido a tratamento conservador da lesão. Conclusão: O tratamento escolhido foi individualizado e escolhido conforme o embasamento teórico encontrado, levando em consideração todas as complicações. O tratamento proposto foi efetivo até atual momento, e o paciente permanece em acompanhamento clinico e radiográfico, entretanto não indica cura da doença.
Descritores: Cistos Ósseos; Patologia Bucal; Mandíbula.
Referências

Neville BW, Damm DD, Alen CM, Bouquot JE. Patologia oral e maxilofacial. 4.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2016.
Tenorio J, Arias P, Martínez-Glez V, Santos F, García-Miñaur S, Nevado J, Lapunzina P. Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome types I and II. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2014;9:138.
Sánchez-Burgos R, González-Martín-Moro J, Pérez-Fernández E, Burgueño-García M. Clinical, radiological and therapeutic features of keratocystic odontogenic tumours: a study over a decade. J Clin Exp Dent. 2014;6(3):e259-64.
de Castro MS, Caixeta CA, de Carli ML, Ribeiro Júnior NV, Miyazawa M, Pereira AAC, Sperandio FF, Hanemann JAC. Conservative surgical treatments for nonsyndromic odontogenic keratocysts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22(5):2089-2101.
Fidele NB, Yueyu Z, Zhao Y, Tianfu W, Liu J, Sun Y, Liu B. Recurrence of odontogenic keratocysts and possible prognostic factors: Review of 455 patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2019;24(4):e491-e501.
Chrcanovic BR, Gomez RS. Recurrence probability for keratocystic odontogenic tumors: An analysis of 6427 cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2017 Feb;45(2):244-51.
Jalali E, Ferneini EM, Rengasamy K, Tadinada A. Squamous cell carcinoma arising within a maxillary odontogenic keratocyst: A rare occurrence. Imaging Sci Dent. 2017;47(2):135-40.
Myocardial Infarction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus – the Sex-Specific Risk Profile
Authors: Vavlukis Marija , Pop-Gjorcevab Daniela , Poposka Lidija , Sandevska Emilija , Kedev Sasko 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Accelerated atherosclerosis is widely present in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective:
The aim of this review is to analyze the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and cardiovascular
diseases, with the emphasis on acute myocardial infarction.

Method:
We conducted a literature review through PubMed and Cochrane, using key words: SLE, atherosclerosis,
atherothrombosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, prognosis, sex specifics.

Results:
Various molecular mechanisms triggered by infection/inflammation are responsible for endothelial
dysfunction and the development of atherosclerosis at an earlier age. A contributing factor is the cumulative effect
of traditional cardiovascular risk factors interaction with disease-related characteristics. Myocardial infarction
rates are 2- to 10-fold higher compared to the general population. Young women have the highest relative
risk, however, men carry at least 3-fold higher risk than women. Coronary involvement varies from normal coronary
artery with thrombosis, coronary microartery vasculitis, coronary arteritis, and coronary atherosclerosis.
Typical clinical presentation is observed in men and older women, while atypical is more frequent in young
women. Treatment is guided by the underlying mechanism, engaging invasive procedures alone, or accompanied
with immunosuppressive and/or anti-inflammatory therapy. There are significant gender differences in
pathophysiology and clinical presentation. However, they receive the same therapeutic treatments.

Conclusion:
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a major contributor to atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic
mechanisms involved in the development of myocardial infarction, which should be taken into account during
therapeutic treatment. Although systemic lupus erythematosus per se is a “female” disease, males are at increased
cardiovascular risk and worse outcomes.
In-silico Study to Identify Dietary Molecules as Potential SARS-CoV-2 Agents
Authors: Khan Mohammad Faheem , Khan Mohsin Ali , Khan Zaw Ali , Ahamad Tanveer , Ansari Waseem Ahmad 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Recently, Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by a fatal strain
of coronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared as
a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on 11 March 2020. Globally, no therapy
such as vaccines and specific therapeutic agents is available so far despite some protease inhibitors
and antiviral agents.

Introduction:
Due to no therapeutic drug or vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 so far, phytomedicine
may be developed as therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of current COVID-19 disease.
Thus, the aim of this study was to find out a suitable therapeutic agent from selected 17 dietary
molecules, which could target SARS-CoV-2 encoded proteins.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, 3D structures of selected dietary molecules were obtained from
the PubChem database, which have previously been reported for their antiviral and anti-inflammatory
effects. Then, molecular docking analysis by using AutoDoc4 and AutoDockVina software was conducted
to evaluate their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Lipinski’s rule of five and drug-likeness properties
were also discussed with the help of Molinspiration and the OSIRIS property explorer methods.

Results:
Our results revealed that, among all, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (7) is a lead compound
that could fit well into the binding sites of docked proteins of SARS-CoV-2. EGCG showed
very strong molecular interactions with the free enzyme of main protease (6y2e), chimeric receptorbinding
domain complexed with human ACE2 (6vw1), and NSP15 endoribonuclease (6vww) encoded
proteins of SARS-CoV-2, by showing binding energies -9.30, -8.66, and -8.38, kcal/mole,
respectively.

Conclusion:
In the present study, EGCG (7) is more active than two standard drugs that are currently
being used in COVID 19, namely remdesivir and nafamostat. Therefore, EGCG (7), as per our results,
might be explored as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of COVID-19.
Characteristics and Determinants of Pulse Pressure-Age Relationship in Healthy and Non-treated Hypertensive Subjects of Argentinean Population
Authors: Díaz Alejandro , Pascaner Ariel F. , Wray Sandra , Fischer Edmundo C. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The relationship between the increases in pulse pressure (PP) and arterial
stiffness determined by aging or systemic hypertension has been widely reported. These findings
are supported by large-cohort analyzes conducted in well-known populations, such as Framingham
Study. However, there is evidence that an age-PP curvilinear relationship may exist in hypertensive
subjects. This study aimed to evaluate the age-related change in pulse pressure and arterial stiffness
in a population-based study.

Methods:
Carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (cfPWV) were obtained in 2075 subjects.

Results:
Age-related changes of PP showed a curvilinear relationship (R=0.39, p<0.0001) in normotensive
subjects, with a nadir at around 50 years of age. On the other hand, the age-cfPWV relationship
showed a linear and positive correlation (R=0.72, p<0.0001). PP also showed a curvilinear
relationship with age (R=0.36, p<0.0001) in hypertensive subjects, with a nadir around 50 years of
age. The age-cfPWV relationship showed a linear and positive correlation (R=0.55, p<0.0001).
Similar results were observed in the adult population (age≥16 years). Multivariate analysis showed
that age, sex, cfPWV, and mean arterial pressure are determinants of PP values in the entire population;
however, this result was not uniform when different subgroups were analyzed.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, age-related changes in PP showed a curvilinear relationship and no parallelism
with the age-cfPWV relationship for both normotensive and hypertensive subjects. The determinants
of PP impact it differently depending on age and the pathological condition of the subject.