bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Pediatric Residents’ Social Needs Screening Practices Across Health Care Settings
Authors: Vasan Aditi , Kenyon Chén C. , Palakshappa Deepak 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVES:The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all pediatricians screen for social determinants of health to identify families in need and connect them to available resources. We examined pediatric residents’ screening practices for social needs in different clinical settings and explored the influence of electronic health record (EHR) prompts on screening.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, pediatric residents participated in a brief electronic survey assessing (1) screening practices for unmet social needs and (2) perceived barriers to and facilitators of routine screening in the inpatient and outpatient settings. The differences in screening by care setting were assessed by using Fisher’s exact test. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to examine the association between EHR prompts and resident screening practices.RESULTS:Ninety-two pediatric residents (64% of the residency program) responded to the survey. Respondents reported significantly higher rates of social needs screening in the outpatient as compared with the inpatient setting (98% vs 37%; P &lt; .001). Residents cited time constraints, lack of knowledge about available resources, and discomfort with screening questions as barriers to screening in both settings. Residents were more likely to screen for social needs when screening questions were embedded in the EHR (odds ratio = 9.6; 95% confidence interval: 6.7–13.9).CONCLUSIONS:Pediatric residents were more likely to screen for unmet social needs in the outpatient than in the inpatient setting despite reporting similar barriers to screening in both settings. EHR-based social needs screening templates could be used to increase rates of screening and reach additional families in need.
Affinity Groups, Enclave Deliberation, and Equity
Authors: Abdullah Carolyne , Karpowitz Christopher F. , Raphael Chad 
Published: May 2020

There is growing appreciation for the value of holding enclave dialogue and deliberation among marginalized peoples in their own affinity groups, as one stage in a larger conversation with the broader public or with public officials. These enclaves may be disempowered by enduring political inequalities, or in relation to a particular issue under discussion, or by the act of deliberation itself. Recent research and practice has demonstrated that well-structured dialogue and deliberation in enclaves can increase the inclusion, participation, and influence of members of society who have been excluded from public discourse, while avoiding the dangers of coercion, sectarianism, conformism, error, and illegitimacy. We review normative arguments and empirical evidence for the judicious use of affinity group enclaves to advance equity. We show multiple ways in which enclaves can be incorporated into democratic projects and processes that also include discussion among more representative samples of the public and with government. We offer design principles for affinity group discussion, which are illustrated by a recent series of dialogues on Facing Racism in a Diverse Nation, organized in the U.S. by Everyday Democracy. Finally, we discuss conditions in which enclave deliberation is most likely to be needed to create equity and suggest an agenda for future research.
Equity through Learning to Listen: The Case of Public Discussion on Body-Worn Cameras in Madison, Wisconsin
Authors: Cramer Katherine J. 
Published: May 2020

This article analyzes practitioners’ attempt to achieve equity in a public input process on a local racial justice issue: whether or not the police department should implement body-worn video cameras. The insights of the two practitioners who led the public input process reveal 4 main lessons. First, equity in public deliberation is achieved sometimes by intentionally excluding some voices. Second, members of marginalized groups are motivated at times by the potential to be heard. Third, the case suggests that for some people public talk is not about achieving democracy; it is instead about life and survival. Finally, the case suggests that in order for deliberation to contribute to greater equity in democracy, people in power need to learn to listen to previously marginalized voices.
Reason, Deliberation, and Democracy in Divided Societies: Perspectives from the Jafari School of Thought
Authors: Pirsoul Nicolas 
Published: May 2020

In this article I argue that because of its emphasis on the use of reason, the Jafari Islamic school of thought is not only compatible with, but even promotes certain forms of deliberative democracy. I particularly focus on how this characteristic offers a valuable conceptual tool to promote peace and justice in deeply divided societies. My argument is grounded in traditional Shia theology and history but develops a political framework embedded within contemporary political theory. I distinguish this democratic political framework from the theocratic model of Wilayat-ul-Faqih, the political system currently being applied in Iran, and argue that an emphasis on rational argumentation opens a path towards reconciliation between Islamic principles and democracy. I analyse the potential benefits of deliberative democracy for Shias in both Middle Eastern societies and the West.
The prism of the public sphere: The COP15 coverage by the Brazilian media system
Authors: Lycarião Diogenes , Wozniak Antal 
Published: May 2020

Current studies of political communication offer valuable contributions to assessing and measuring mediated deliberation. But in our understanding of the news media's role in a deliberative system a number of questions remain unanswered, especially concerning problems posed by social complexity. This paper aims to contribute to closing this gap by conducting an empirical analysis on how distinct contributions to public deliberation – namely the provision of publicity and intelligibility – are articulated via outputs offered by different types of media outlets, specifically in the case of the Brazilian coverage of the 15th UN’s Climate Change Conference (COP15). Our results suggest that this coverage seems to have fostered citizens to search for more information about this Conference and augmented the visibility of UN’s climate negotiations. This gives support to the idea that news media system works like a prism of the public sphere, promoting accountability of complex governance processes by offering information and public scrutiny adequate for a heterogeneous citizenry.
Review of Deliberation across Deeply Divided Societies: Transformative Moments by Jürg Steiner, Maria Clara Jaramillo, Rousiley C. M. Maia, Simona Mameli (Cambridge U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2017)
Authors: Vamvakas Nancy A. 
Published: May 2020

Review of Deliberation across Deeply Divided Societies: Transformative Moments. by Jürg Steiner, Maria Clara Jaramillo, Rousiley C. M. Maia, Simona Mameli (Cambridge U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2017).
Focus Group Discussions as Sites for Public Deliberation and Sensemaking Following Shared Political Documentary Viewing
Authors: Pitts Margaret Jane , Kenski Kate , Smith Stephanie A. , Pavlich Corey A. 
Published: May 2020

This study examines the potential that shared political documentary viewing coupled with public deliberation via focus group discussion has for political sensemaking and civic engagement. Specifically, we examine college students’ perceptions of sensemaking, future civic engagement, and benefits of participating in group discussion following the shared viewing of D’Souza’s political documentary 2016: Obama’s America. Focus group participants reported that engaging in discussion served to clarify, affirm, and reinforce some initial impressions while opening their eyes to new insights and information. Focus group participation triggered a desire to seek out and hear additional diverse points of view and offered participants the opportunity to diffuse negative emotions and reflect upon media content. Participants reported that they enjoyed participating in this form of guided discussion, reported increased confidence in their abilities to engage in public political deliberation, and reported feeling a call to future civic action. Our findings show that political documentary viewing coupled with focus group discussions can be a productive site for public deliberation that can lead to enhanced sensemaking and positive future civic behaviors including intentions to extend discussions to personal networks and to research issues raised in the discussion or documentary. We address implications for deliberative pedagogy and focus groups as public deliberation.
Outsourcing Participatory Democracy: Critical Reflections on the Participatory Budgeting Experiences in Taiwan
Authors: Wan Poe Yu-ze 
Published: May 2020

This article attempts to critically examine the experiences of participatory budgeting (PB) that have proliferated across Taiwan’s cities over the past three years. It is argued that PB in Taiwan remains an isolated initiative instead of an integral part of a comprehensive administrative reform. What makes Taiwan’s PB experiences theoretically interesting is that, in most cases outside the Taipei City, the tasks of promoting PB, designing the procedure of participation, and organizing and mobilizing lay citizens have been contracted out to NGOs or teams led by scholars.In light of the analytical framework of state power - political society - civil society, this article argues that (1) PB in Taiwan takes place in the absence of active support from civil society and confronts a political society that is hostile to or skeptical of PB; (2) the “outsourced” model of PB generates incentives for the commissioner to evade administrative and political responsibilities, and imposes structural constraints on the performance of the contractor regarding mobilization, organizing and deliberative quality; and (3) the future of PB in Taiwan depends on whether the current modus operandi of PB will give way to a more comprehensive institutional reform and whether a growing number of active citizens and civil society organizations can fill the new political space created by PB that may otherwise be occupied by vested interests and political elites.
Review of Deliberative Pedagogy: Teaching and Learning for Democratic Engagement. Edited by Timothy J. Shaffer, Nicholas V. Longo, Idit Manosevitch, and Maxine S. Thomas. (Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2017)
Authors: Sprague Trevor , Keith William 
Published: May 2020

Review of Deliberative Pedagogy: Teaching and Learning for Democratic Engagement. Edited by Timothy J. Shaffer, Nicholas V. Longo, Idit Manosevitch, and Maxine S. Thomas. (Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2017)
Facilitating Vulnerability and Power in New Hampshire Listen’s “Blue and You”
Authors: Heath Renee G. 
Published: May 2020

This study examines the on-going work of New Hampshire Listens, a convener of deliberative conversations, specific to their work with police-community relationships. Attending particularly to the facilitators and planners of New Hampshire “Blue and You” in a small city, the study found systemic practices of early stakeholder involvement in the planning, holding space for disparate views, promoting storytelling, and creating intimate physical spaces addressed the vulnerability felt by participants. These practices distributed power among stakeholders, aided in preparing participants for the conversation, and fostered neutrality in the forum. They provide several ideas for how deliberation practitioners and scholars might respond to the present polarizing political context.
Civic Virtue in the Deliberative System
Authors: Hutton Ferris Daniel 
Published: May 2020

The normative stability of a deliberative and democratic political order and the creativity and quality of the decisions its produces depend on citizens developing civic orientations and capacities through participation in deliberative events aiming at the cooperative solution of political problems. That, at least, is the claim made by critics of the systems approach to deliberative democracy, who argue that its proponents have lost sight of the educative function that respectful public reasoning plays for citizens. In this article I offer a response to this line of argument. There is no good philosophical reason to suppose that only unitary deliberation can perform an educative function for citizens. The kinds of informal and uncooperative public speech that occur in distributed deliberative processes can also develop participants’ civic capacities and civic virtue – and not merely through their systemic effects. This is an insight that should encourage us to rethink the design and facilitation of deliberative forums and pay more attention to citizens’ everyday deliberation.
Monomeric C-reactive protein affects cell injury and apoptosis through activation of p38 MAPK in human coronary artery endothelial cells
Authors: Zhang Yong , Cao Hongxia 
Published: May 2020

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important predictor of cardiovascular events and plays a role in vascular inflammation and vessel damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pentameric CRP (pCRP) and monomeric CRP (mCRP) on the production of atherosclerosis-related factors in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). HCAECs were treated with pCRP, mCRP, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580, or transfected with p38 MAPK siRNA. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), intercellular adhesion molecule-2 (ICAM-2), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Proliferation, damage, and apoptosis of HCAECs were examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and flow cytometry, respectively. mCRP suppressed VEGF and COX-2 expression and enhanced ICAM-2 and VCAM-1 expression in HCAECs, in both dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Except at 100 μg/ml concentration and 20-hour or 24-hour incubation, pCRP had no apparent effects. mCRP but not pCRP induced HCAEC injury and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and the inhibitior SB203580 reversed the effects of mCRP. mCRP promotes injury and apoptosis of HCAECs through a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism, which provides a new therapy for the injury of HCAECs in atherosclerosis.
La creación de la policía barrial en Córdoba, Argentina. ¿Una disputa en torno al ideal policial?
Authors: Goldin Déborah 
Published: May 2020

This article analyses the implications of the Neighborhood Police Program incorporation in the identification processes of the Córdoba Police Department’s lower ranks in Argentina (2016-2017). Thus, the paper analyzes the ways in which the incorporation of this new unit enables landslides regarding the traditional police ideal. Considering the Police force as a key agency in the implementation of new crime prevention policies, this study considers the importance of analyzing the effects of government initiatives on the members of the institution as a starting point. It is a qualitative research based on the analysis of secondary sources and exploratory, semi‑structured interviews to police officers in operative areas. Here, the main characteristics of this program and the changes in the labor conditions for those that began to be part of this unit are described. Furthermore, the ways of police intervention legitimated and the desirable aptitudes for a policeman are also problematized.
Migración, miedos y medios en la elección presidencial en Chile (2017)
Authors: Dammert Lucía , Erlandsen Matthias 
Published: May 2020

Migration has been defined as the threatening other in Latin America; Chile is no exception. Based on the conceptualization of the imagined community, this article analyzes the importance and characteristics of press media coverage on migration and punitive populism in the framework of the Presidential election of 2017 in Chile. A random sample of all the informative pieces of the two main newspapers throughout 2017 was analyzed. Migration has become a topic of national debate. The media show a political discourse focused on punitive populism, the unnecessary generalization of stigmatizing images, and the consolidation of a metaphor that links migration with danger, mainly criminality. The more chronic-oriented than analysis-oriented characteristic of the coverage makes it possible to emphasize in the threatening and politically profitable images. Possibly trying to protect that community that the political discourse constantly highlights.
DIGITAL Al-QUR’AN LEARNING BOOK TO IMPROVE READING AND WRITING SKILLS AMONG NOVICE ARABIC LEARNERS
Authors: Mahliatussikah Hanik , Ismail Zawawi , Yunus Anis Muhammad , Anisah Ridwan Nur , Nuruddin  
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: This research aims to develop a digital Al-Qur’an learning book to improve novice learners’ Arabic reading and writing skills. It employs research and development methods and takes a procedural model, which is descriptive and has clear guidelines for developing the product.
Methodology: The steps include several procedures: planning, implementation, and evaluation. The data consist of preliminary study data and try-out data. The data analysis covers data presentation, reduction, verification, and concluding. On the other hand, the data in this research had been elaborated using the content analysis to find the appropriate substance of Al-Qur’an digital. The methodology in this research also used some modeling of new trends in human-computer interaction by Macías (2009). In this case, Macías developed interfaces to facilitate the main interaction modes. In this research interface of digital Qur’an, online and offline, tried to facilitate the novice learners’ Arabic reading and writing process. The interface also related to the “word order” which had been used the model of Qur’anic words.
Main Findings: The final product from this research is a digital-based book for learning to read Al-Qur’an, which is equipped with reading and writing exercises and is suitable for students at the beginner-level. The strengths and limitations of the digital-based book are discussed.
Applications of this study: The result of this research can be used for Al-Qur’an educational institutions, both teachers and students.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The model development of the digital Al-Qur’an learning book is presented comprehensively and completely.
THE INFLUENCE OF SELF-EFFICACY, TASK VALUE, AND GOAL ORIENTATION ON HELP-SEEKING AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
Authors: Xuan Di , Azhar Zailani Muhammad , Muin Ismail Wail 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: This study aimed to investigate the influence of task-value, goal orientation and self-efficacy on the help-seeking of the students, and thereafter on the academic performance.
Methodology: To carry out research findings, a quantitative survey was applied by employing a self-regulated online learning questionnaire (SOL-Q), and a Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ).A total of 317 university Arabic learners participated in the present study. Analysis of data used SPSS version 22 software. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data and to examine the relationship among learners’ help-seeking, motivation, and learners’ GPA.
Main Findings: The results of the present study provide support to the motivational beliefs (SE and TV) predict help-seeking, and students who endorsed high self-efficacy are more likely seeking help from others, and achieve high performance as well.
Applications of this study: This study will enable faculty management, instructors, and students to better understand the essential role of help-seeking and motivational factors in Arabic language learning.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The case of Self-Efficacy, Task Value, Goal Orientation, Help-Seeking, and Academic Performance were widely explained by the number of researchers. But there is no recent publication that has explained the influence of Self-Efficacy, Task Value, and Goal Orientation on Help-Seeking within the Arabic learning context.
A cross-sectional study on spouse and parent differences in caregiving experiences of people living with schizophrenia in rural China
Authors: Yu Yu , Li Tong-xin , Li Yi-lu , Qiu Dan , Xi Shi-jun , Xiao Shuiyuan , Tebes Jacob 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Conflicting evidence exists on whether parent or spouse caregivers experience better outcomes when caring for family members with schizophrenia. The current study aims to examine relative caregiving experiences and impacts of spouse and parent caregivers for people living with schizophrenia (PLS) in China.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 264 community-dwelling primary family caregivers of PLS. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect information on family caregiving activities; objective and subjective burden; caregiver psychological distress, such as depression and anxiety; positive caregiving impact, such as caregiving rewarding feelings; and family functioning for spouse and parent caregivers.Results: Both types of caregivers report engaging in similar caregiving activities and report comparable levels of objective burden. However, parent caregivers report significantly higher subjective burden than spouse caregivers (b=7.94, 95%CI:2.08, 13.80, P<0.01), which is also reflected in significantly higher depression (b =3.88, 95%CI:1.35, 6.41, P<0.01) and anxiety (b=2.53, 95%CI: 0.22, 4.84, P<0.05), and lower family functioning (b =-1.71, 95%CI: -2.73, -0.49, P<0.01). Despite these differences, both groups of caregivers report comparable rewarding feelings about caregiving. Conclusions: Our findings have implications for family caregivers globally, but especially for countries that adhere to Confucian cultural values and provide guidance for future family intervention programs. Such programs may do well to incorporate cultural values and beliefs in understanding caregiving and kinship family dynamics so as to support family caregivers, and in particular, the specific vulnerabilities of parent caregivers.