bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevent or Cure—The Unprecedented Need for Self‐Reporting Materials
Authors: Geiselhart Christina M. , Mutlu Hatice , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSelf‐reporting smart materials are highly relevant in modern soft matter materials science, as they allow for the autonomous detection of changes in synthetic polymers, materials, and composites. Despite critical advantages of such materials, for example, prolonged lifetime or prevention of disastrous material failures, they have gained much less attention than self‐healing materials. However, as diagnosis is critical for any therapy, it is of the utmost importance to report the existence of system changes and their exact location to prevent them from spreading. Thus, we herein critically review the chemistry of self‐reporting soft matter materials systems and highlight how current challenges and limitations may be overcome by successfully transferring self‐reporting research concepts from the laboratory to the real world. Especially in the space of diagnostic self‐reporting systems, the recent SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) pandemic indicates an urgent need for such concepts that may be able to detect the presence of viruses or bacteria on and within materials in a self‐reporting fashion.
Automatic detection of mud‐wall signatures in ground‐penetrating radar data
Authors: Bordón Pablo , Martinelli Patricia , Zabala Medina Peter , Bonomo Néstor , Ratto Norma Rosa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) method with the standard constant‐offset reflection mode allows to detect and map different types of archaeological structures, such as walls, foundations, floors and roads. The interpretation of the GPR data usually involves a detailed and time‐consuming analysis of large amounts of information, which entails nonnegligible chances of errors, especially under nonideal fieldwork conditions. The application of suitable automatic detection algorithms can be useful to more rapidly and successfully complete the interpretation task. In this work, we explore the use of supervised machine learning methodologies to automatically detect mud‐wall signatures in radargrams and to map the structures from these detections. Several algorithms, based on Viola–Jones cascade classifiers and the image feature descriptors Haar, histogram of oriented gradients and local binary patterns, were implemented. These algorithms were applied to datasets previously acquired in pre‐Inca and Inca‐Hispanic sites located in the Andean NW region of Argentina. The best algorithms provided very good detection rates for well‐preserved walls and acceptable rates for deteriorated walls, with a low number of spurious predictions. They also exhibited the ability to detect collapsed walls and fragments detached from them. These are remarkable results because mud walls are usually difficult to be detected by conventional analysis, owing to the complex and variable characteristics of their reflection patterns. The results of the automatic detection techniques were represented in plan views and three‐dimensional (3D) views that delineated in detail most of the structures of the sites. These algorithms are very fast, so applying them significantly reduces the interpretation times. In addition, once they have been trained using the patterns of one or several sites, they are directly applicable to other sites with similar characteristics.
Redox Modulation of the Reactivity and Regioselectivity in Diels–Alder Reaction of Metallofullerene La@C82 with Cyclopentadiene
Authors: Bao Hanling , Wu Yabei , Jiang Yuhang , Zhang Hao , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractModulation of the reactivity of metallofullerenes is critical for production of metallofullerene derivatives with desired properties and functionalities. In this study, we investigate the effects of reduction and oxidation on the reactivity and regioselectivity in Diels–Alder reaction of metallofullerene La@C82 by means of density functional theory calculations. Because of the enhanced electron‐deficiency characteristic upon oxidation, the oxidized metallofullerene exhibits higher thermodynamic and kinetic reactivity as compared with neutral La@C82. The regioselectivity in the reaction of La@C82 with cylcopentadiene is remarkably changed after oxidation of the metallofullerene, which is explained in terms of the changes in the geometrical structure and the electronic structure of the metallofullerene. Quantitative analysis based on the activation‐strain model demonstrates that the low activation energy barrier for the reaction of the cation La@C82+ with cyclopentadiene originates from small strain energy and large interaction energy between the reactants. Energy decomposition analysis on the transition states of the reactions reveals that the exchange‐repulsion interaction energy is one of the critical factors that determine the kinetic reactivity of the metallofullerene. This study not only provides new theoretical insights on how to modulate the reactivity of metallofullerenes, but also offers guideline for future experimental synthesis of new metallofullerene derivatives.
Interdecadal differences in the interannual variability of the winter monsoon over the South China Sea
Authors: Liu Baochao , Fang Yue , Sun Shuangwen , Tana Celia , Duan Yongliang , Yang Guang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigate interdecadal differences in the interannual variability of the South China Sea (SCS) Winter Monsoon (SCSWM) since 1950. The SCSWM is influenced by both the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) over the mid–high latitudes and the anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific (WNPAC). The EAWM tends to cause a positive linear correlation of wind speeds between the northern SCS (NSCS) and the southern SCS (SSCS). Because the cold surge of the EAWM can make wind speeds over the NSCS and SSCS increase simultaneously. While, the WNPAC tends to weaken this positive correlation (corNS) because anomalies associated with the WNPAC will decrease wind speeds over the NSCS but exert a small or even an opposite influence on wind speeds over the SSCS. The interannual variation of the EAWM before the late 1970s is greater than that after the early 1990s. And the WNPAC was weak and confined to the east of the SCS before the late 1970s but became strong and expanded towards the SCS after the early 1990s. As a result, the positive corNS was significant at the 95% confidence level before the late 1970s but became insignificant after the early 1990s.
Internal green integration and environmental performance: The predictive power of proactive environmental strategy, greening the supplier, and environmental collaboration with the supplier
Authors: Shah Naimatullah , Soomro Bahadur Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effect of proactive environmental strategies (PES) on corporate performance has been debated extensively among academics; however, the significance of the pathway of those strategies—internal green integration (IGI) through greening the supplier (GTS) and environmental collaboration with suppliers (ECS)—remains undecided. This study examines environmental performance (EP) through GTS, IGI, and ECS. It also examines the direct link between PES and IGI. A conceptual framework was designed following a rigorous review of the literature. A survey questionnaire was used to collect cross‐sectional data from a random sample of manufacturing firms, obtaining 196 usable samples. Using AMOS, the structural equal modeling found a positive and significant impact of PES on IGI. Significant predictors of EP were GTS, IGI, and ECS. The findings of the study can provide managers with guidelines for dealing with business and environmental concerns. They can also contribute to creating strategies for environmental protection and management and reducing adverse effects on the environment. Finally, by examining the direct links between GTS, ECS, and EP, particularly in a developing context, the study may contribute to the literature of environmental policy.
Computational thinking development through physical computing activities in STEAM education
Authors: Juškevičienė Anita , Stupurienė Gabrielė , Jevsikova Tatjana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe importance of computational thinking (CT) development has increased during the last decade. There is a need to understand what to teach from computational thinking perspectives, as well as what types of activities and learning content topics to use in the classroom. Current students' generation is looking for engaging, motivating learning activities with immediate results and feedback. The paper presents the design process of the strategy for CT abilities development. The proposed strategy has been implemented in practice to identify its suitability for successful CT development within Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) education. The strategy is accompanied by teaching materials for computational making activities with Arduino. The proposed strategy contributes to Engineering education as an essential part of STEAM and usually not included in the basic and secondary school curriculum as a separate subject. Pre‐ and postsurvey were conducted with basic school students to identify the effect of the strategy implementation on the development of CT abilities. The findings of this study showed a statistically significant increase in CT literacy in 14 abilities from seven dimensions: computing artifact, decomposition, abstraction, algorithm, communication and collaboration, computing and society, and evaluation. The implications of this study include the practical usage of the strategy in plan class activities for STEAM subjects in basic school to develop particular CT abilities.
Older cancer patients and COVID‐19 outbreak: Practical considerations and recommendations
Authors: Brunello Antonella , Galiano Antonella , Finotto Silvia , Monfardini Silvio , Colloca Giuseppe , Balducci Lodovico , Zagonel Vittorina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the COVID‐19 outbreak started, it has been affecting mainly older individuals. Among the most vulnerable older individuals are those with cancer. Many published guidelines and consensus papers deal with prioritizing cancer care. Given the lack of high‐quality evidence for management of cancer in older patients also in normal times, it is even more stringent to provide some resources on how to avoid both undertreatment and overtreatment in this population, who as of now is twice challenged to death, due to both a greater risk of getting infected with COVID‐19 as well as from cancer not adequately addressed and treated. We hereby discuss some general recommendations (implement triage procedures; perform geriatric assessment; carefully assess comorbidity; promote early integration of palliative care in oncology; acknowledge the role of caregivers; maintain active take in charge to avoid feeling of abandonment; mandate seasonal flu vaccination) and discuss practical suggestions for specific disease settings (early‐stage and advanced‐stage disease for solid tumors, and hematological malignancies). The manuscript provides resources on how to avoid both undertreatment and overtreatment in older patients with cancer, who as of now is twice challenged to death, due to both a greater risk of getting infected with COVID‐19 as well as from cancer not adequately addressed and treated.
MiR‐362 suppresses cervical cancer progression via directly targeting BAP31 and activating TGFβ/Smad pathway
Authors: Yang Shuya , Sun Yuanjie , Jiang Dongbo , Wang Jing , Dang Erle , Li Zichao , Zhou Jiayi , Lu Yuchen , Shi Jingqi , Tao Liang , Wang Jun , Jin Boquan , Zheng Lianhe , Yang Kun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBAP31 (B‐cell receptor‐associated protein 31) is an important regulator of intracellular signal transduction and highly expressed in several cancer tissues or testicular tissues. Our previous study had revealed that elevated BAP31 plays a crucial role in the progress and metastasis of cervical cancer. Even so, the precise mechanism of abnormal BAP31 elevation in cervical cancer has not been fully elucidated. We revealed that the expression of BAP31 was mainly regulated by microRNA‐362 (miR‐362), which was markedly downregulated in cervical cancer tissues and negatively correlated with clinical tumor staging. Overexpression of miR‐362 inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation and increased the proportion of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, miR‐362 reduced the tumor sizes and prolonged mice survival time in xenograft nude mice model. Finally, we demonstrated that the BAP31/SPTBN1 complex regulated tumor progression through the Smad 2/3 pathway under the control of miR‐362. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that miR‐362 could work as an anti‐oncomiR that inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in cervical cancer cells via BAP31 and TGFβ/Smad pathway. Overexpression of miR‐362 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer.
A no‐brainer
Authors: Butler Rita M. , Gray William A. 
Published: November 2020

Key Points
Endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke has become the mainstay of treatment for AIS due to large vessel occlusion, however, most stroke centers with neurointerventionalists are localized to urban areas leaving many patients hours away from revascularization.
The study by Tamunoinemi and coauthors demonstrates EVT performed by carotid‐capable interventional cardiologists can achieve procedural and clinical success rates comparable to those of neurointerventionalists.
While ICs may provide an important role in increasing access to interventional stroke treatment in the future, a codified pathway to training and measures of competence will be critical.
Preventing tricuspid valve injury during transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement
Authors: Postalian Alexander , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: November 2020

Key Points
The transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement technique has evolved over the past decade.
There is risk of injuring the tricuspid valve if the transcatheter device is advanced uncovered across the right heart.
Advancing a long sheath past the landing zone and uncovering the device can help mitigate this risk, at the expense of requiring larger‐caliber sheaths.
Additional refinements of the technique such as the one reported here, along with improvements in device design, are likely to further reduce complications.
Imaging risk features for device related pulmonary artery injury after left atrial appendage closure with Amplatzer™ Amulet™ device
Authors: Pracoń Radosław , De Backer Ole , Konka Marek , Kępka Cezary , Kruk Mariusz , Trochimiuk Piotr , Dębski Mariusz , Dzielińska Zofia , Søndergaard Lars , Demkow Marcin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to find imaging risk features for device related‐pulmonary artery (PA) injury (DR‐PAI) in patients after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC).BackgroundCardiac tamponade resulting from DR‐PAI is a rare but life‐threatening complication of LAAC.MethodsIn vitro analysis of Amplatzer™ Amulet™ (Abbott, MN) device was done. Measurements of the distance between PA and Amplatzer lobe at its middle part, distal part, and along the stabilizing wires' trajectory (wires‐to‐PA distance) were taken in 100 consecutive patients on post‐LAAC computed tomography (CT) studies. Clinical outcomes were collected.ResultsIn vitro analysis indicated that both middle and distal lobe had to be in close PA proximity (<1.5 mm) for the stabilizing wires to cause risk for DR‐PAI, configuration called ''cuddling lobe orientation''. On CT measurements middle lobe‐PA distance was 4.7 mm (IQR = 2.7–9.5), with close proximity in 4 (4%) patients, and distal lobe‐PA distance was 3.2 mm (IQR = 1.8–7.2 mm), with close proximity in 17 (17%) patients. Stabilizing wires were pointing toward PA in 47 patients (47%) with median wire‐to‐PA distance 5.7 mm (IQR = 3.6–8.5 mm). ''Cuddling'' was found in 2 (2%) patients and resulted in shorter wires‐to‐PA distance vs no ''cuddling'' group (2.3 vs 5.8 mm p <.01). At 2.9 ± 1.0 yrs of follow‐up, the two patients with ''cuddling lobe orientation'' on post‐LAAC CT scan developed late cardiac tamponades (p <.001). One of those required surgery, which confirmed DR‐PAI.Conclusions''Cuddling lobe orientation'' of Amulet device with the PA was associated with short wires‐to‐PA distance and late pericardial effusions, including DR‐PAI. Hence, such device‐to‐PA configuration should be avoided.
Thrombocytosis with acquired von Willebrand disease in an adolescent with sickle cell disease
Authors: Yee Marianne E. M. , Batsuli Glaivy , Chonat Satheesh , Park Sunita 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThrombocytosis is common in sickle cell disease and may contribute to vaso‐occlusion. Hydroxyurea treats extreme thrombocytosis. Acquired von Willebrand disease should be considered prior to aspirin therapy.
Life‐threatening laryngeal injury in Elite Rugby Union: Prevention and management laryngeal trauma in rugby
Authors: Famokunwa Bamidele , Kemp Simon , Selby Julia , Madani Gitta , Sandhu Guri , Hull James H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLaryngeal trauma is a life‐threatening injury in contact sports. Due to its potentially devastating consequences, the prevention, diagnosis, and management of neck trauma both pitch side and at the hospital are essential for athletes.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta in neonatal period in Cameroon: A case report
Authors: Mbono Betoko Ritha Carole , Ngo Um Sap Suzanne , Ngo Yamben Marie‐Ange , Tony Nengom Jocelyn , Koki Ndombo Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEarly forms of Osteogenesis Imperfecta should be considered as main etiology of bone deformities in newborns. Prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling should be improved in Africa. Management of these children remains difficult in low‐income countries.
Understanding the Deactivation of Ag−ZrO2/SiO2 Catalysts for the Single‐step Conversion of Ethanol to Butenes
Authors: Lin Fan , Dagle Vanessa Lebarbier , Winkelman Austin D. , Engelhard Mark , Kovarik Libor , Wang Yilin , Wang Yong , Dagle Robert , Wang Huamin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAg−ZrO2/SBA‐16 has recently been found to be efficient for catalyzing the single‐step conversion of ethanol to butene (1‐ and 2‐butene mixtures) in the presence of H2. The reaction proceeds via a cascading sequence of reactions over mixed metal and Lewis sites, with the catalyst composition tuned to selectively favor butene formation. However, the catalyst slowly deactivates when evaluated over long reaction times. In this work, we evaluated the lifetime of the Ag−ZrO2/SBA‐16 catalyst system for ethanol‐to‐butene conversion at 325 °C for up to 800 hours on stream. Several characterization techniques were used to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which catalyst deactivation occurs. Coke deposition, Ag particle sintering, and Ag0‐to‐Ag+ oxidation state change were identified to be the major causes of catalyst deactivation. Coke deposits cover primarily Lewis acid sites which are responsible for aldol condensation, Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley (MPV) reduction, and dehydration reactions. Ag particle sintering and Ag oxidation state change leads to a reduction in the number of metallic Ag sites responsible for the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation steps. The fresh catalyst likely experiences hydrothermal sintering in the early stage of reaction and permanently loses some active Lewis acid sites before reaching a new structural steady state. The deactivation of Lewis acid sites leads to a decrease in overall ethanol conversion, whereas the deactivation of the metallic Ag sites decreases the butene selectivity. For catalyst regeneration, oxidative calcination (at 500 °C) followed by reduction (at 325 °C) successfully removes all the coke species on the catalyst surface and restores the metallic Ag particles of the 4Ag−4ZrO2/SBA‐16 catalysts.
Feasibility of substitute building materials for circular use in urban green infrastructure
Authors: Schneider Petra , Schwerdt Sven , Schulz Katja , Fiebig Sebastian , Mirschel Dominik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMineral waste, including non‐hazardous construction waste, is the largest waste stream once a country has reached a certain degree of urbanization. This waste stream has a significant potential to replace primary raw materials. Although a large part of the construction waste is reused, other mineral materials such as ashes or slags have only been used for backfilling or are deposited in landfills. The aim of the investigations is to determine the usability of substitute building materials (SBM) in higher‐quality applications, particularly in urban green infrastructure, for example, Reinforced Soil Structures (RSS) or Green Roofs (GR). In addition to technical and environmental requirements, the greening of the material is relevant. The study concept includes soil mechanical laboratory tests as well as greening tests on SBM, namely slags, ashes, residue sands, and crushed/milled brick. The lab results illustrate the feasibility and applicability conditions for the investigated SBM. Upscaling the lab test results, in the next step the construction of a RSS with complete substitution of the primary building materials is started as large scale pilot test.
Permanganyl Fluoride: A Brief History of the Molecule MnO3F and of Those Who Cared For It
Authors: Schmidbaur Hubert , Schwarz W. H. Eugen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPermanganyl fluoride's existence at the stability threshold in the series of oxides and oxide fluorides of the late 3d transition metals is reflected by its experimentally challenging properties and by the difficulties posed in the theoretical description of its bonding characteristics. The history of this molecule is reviewed from early qualitative observations and the growing scattered information on its chemical and physical properties to the accurate determination and interpretation of its molecular structure and spectral features. The still problematic theoretical models for MnO4− and MnO3F are briefly presented in the broader context of the chemistry of elements in high oxidation states. Short biographies of the scientists engaged in these studies are offered. Related technetium and rhenium compounds are briefly considered for comparison.
NMR‐Messmethoden
Authors: Schuhmann Sebastian , Guthausen Gisela 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDurch die vielseitigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten der zerstörungsfreien und nichtinvasiven NMR‐Messmethodik können zahlreiche verfahrenstechnische Prozesse wie Kristallisation, Alterung, Separation oder chemische Reaktion hinsichtlich Molekülstruktur, Moleküldynamik, Diffusion, und mesoskopischer Struktur detailliert charakterisiert werden. Dabei wird beispielsweise die NMR‐Spektroskopie zur quantitativen Messung chemischer Reaktionen verwendet. Die NMR‐Bildgebung ist als Magnetresonanztomographie in der Medizin bekannt. Mit ihr kann in der Verfahrenstechnik beispielsweise das Zusetzen von Membranfiltern bei verschiedenen Betriebsbedingungen charakterisiert werden. Auch zur Bestimmung von Produkteigenschaft und Produktqualität werden NMR‐Methoden im industriellen Maßstab verwendet, um zum Beispiel Verfälschungen in Lebensmitteln aufzudecken oder den Öl‐ bzw. Fettgehalt zu bestimmen.