bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Varying Sand and Plastic Additives on The Mechanical Properties of Cement Matrix Tiles
Authors: Kehinde O. , Omotosho O. A. , Ohijeagbon I. O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The global efforts regarding polymer waste and pollution reduction in the environment through waste recycling is essential to forestall its deleterious effect on the environment. This work focused on utilizing used plastic and sand as additive in cement matrix tile production while cement and laterite quantities were kept constant. Tile specimens having a uniform thickness of 15 ± 1 mm and facial dimensions of 150 mm x 150 mm were produced in the laboratory utilizing varying quantities of sand (30, 20, 10, 0 %) and plastic (35, 45, 55, 65 %), with constant quantities of laterite (30%) and cement (5%) additives. Laterite was thoroughly mixed with sand, plastic and cement with a known volume of water in a clean bowl. The resulting mixture was then subjected to a compaction load of 25 KN in a mould to obtain cohesive material. Two sets of samples were prepared; unfired and fired sample. The unfired sample was allowed to cure after wetting for 7 days. Thereafter, the sample to be fired was heat treated in an oven at a temperature of 2200C for 35 minutes. The fired tile specimen was removed from the oven and allowed to cool down at room temperature. The specimen was then subjected to water absorption, water shrinkage, flexural and compression tests. The results obtained showed that the tile with plastic: sand ratio of 65:0 had the best water absorption and water shrinkage values of 11.4 and 5.3 % respectively. Furthermore, the mechanical tests showed that the flexural and compression tests data of 39.08 and 158.06 MPa respectively were the best when compared to other samples for the tile with plastic: sand ratio of 65:0. It was also noted that a direct relationship existed between the quantity of plastic used and the strength of tile produced. The unfired sample could not be subjected to mechanical tests as the bonds formed between the additives were weak. It is recommended that cement quantity used be slightly increased to investigate its effect on the strength of the cement matrix tile. Based on the result, it is suggested to increase the plastic content and decrease the sand content of the sand:plastic ratio to achieve a better physico-mechanical properties of tile samples
Investigation of Influence of Coaxial Antenna Slot Positioning on Thermal Efficiency in Microwave Ablation using COMSOL
Authors: Towoju Olumide , Ishola Felix , Sanni Timilehin , Olatunji Obafemi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Continued development of the minimum invasive interventional technology in recent years has proven ablation therapy to be a safe and effective local treatment for cancers and has become increasingly important in the medicine field. This is the reason for its preference for treating larger tumors ahead of radiofrequency ablation. The authors numerically studied the influence of the geometry of the antenna used on the efficiency of the procedure to obtain a thermal lesion at the site of the tumor by varying the distance from the position of the end of the antenna with COMSOL Multiphysics as the modeling tool. The coaxial antenna investigated has a 1.79 mm diameter range with a center conductor of 0.29 mm diameter and Tefzel ETFE as the material of the catheter. The power of the coaxial antenna was optimized with a slot spacing of 6 mm from the tip of the antenna. The total power dissipation density, and thus the degree of thermal damage generated during the process was found to depend on the position of the slots of the coaxial antenna.
Design and Fabrication of a Wet Mechanical Brushing Unit for Lye Pre-treated Cassava Root
Authors: Oyedele S.T. , Ngoddy P.O. , Kilanko O. , Leramo R.O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The design and fabrication of a wet mechanical brushing unit for lye pre-treated cassava root was described in this paper. The objective of this work was to determine the time of reaction, the temperature and the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution that will effectively digest the peel and also the speed of the machine, output size, efficiency of peeling and tuber loss. It was determined that using lye solution to digest cassava root peel depends on the severity of the concentration of the solution and the time of root immersion. From the preliminary labouratory tests carried out, the optimal combination of process parameters in terms of concentration, temperature and time of root immersion for UMUCASS44 in lye are 20%, 60°C and 15 minutes, respectively. These values are sufficient to digest the peels of the root for enhanced brushing.
An Overview of Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) Corrosion in the Refining Unit
Authors: Akpanyung K.V , Loto R.T , Fajobi M.A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ammonium chloride is a destructive agent of localized corrosion which poses devastating threat to refining structure integrity and the safety of the refinery processes. Ammonium chloride is an underdeposit corrosion commonly found in overhead equipment and piping for crude and hydroprocessing units. This form of insidious form of corrosion had caused severe fouling that posed negative impact on the operating reliability of various processing units. This review addresses the corrosion mechanism of ammonium chloride, affected materials and equipment, Environmental factors for its impact, thermodynamic behavior of a wet ammonium chloride system, some case studies of ammonium chloride and the preventive measures to mitigate its effect.
A Sustainable Industrial Development Approach: Enterprice Risk Management in View
Authors: Onu P. , Mbohwa C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The need to improve upon organizational performance and operational effectiveness call for sustainable industrial development and Risk management initiatives to deliver new corporate business models. An organizations interest to integrate and implement strategic approaches to identify, access and prepare against uncertainties through its business activities hold more benefits as per increased productivity. The authors’ investigation via an in-depth interview comprising of the senior and mid-level management staff of a steel-product manufacturing company in Nigeria subscribes to a single case study. We explore the implementation challenges of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) in the supply chain of manufacturing firms. The research infers the case firm; having implemented and succefully demonstrated the ISO90001 and ISO13000 (quality and environmental standard), struggles to register any benefits with the ERM-ISO31000 operative. The findings further point at the managerial disconnect to effectively communicate the objective and the changing cultural practice. Also, notable was the worker’s perception of lacking the necessary information communication assistance to influence the ERM execution. The investigation contributes to the case firm understading of ERM and successful approach towards its implementation.
Design and Performance Evaluation of a Solar Dryer
Authors: Kilanko O. , Ilori T.A. , Leramo R.O. , Babalola P.O. , Eluwa S.E. , Onyenma F.A. , Ameh N.I. , Onwordi P.N. , Aworinde A.K. , Fajobi M.A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One of the ways to combat food insecurity as world population rises is the reduction of food losses. Drying is one of the oldest methods of food preservation and hence reduces food losses. Solar drying uses energy from the sun and an absorber material to carry out drying of produce. In this project, a solar dryer was designed, constructed and its performance was evaluated. The dryer has overall dimensions of 1000mm by 410mm by 700mm. The inner part of the dryer compartment was lagged with aluminum foil to act as an insulator. The solar collector made of galvanized sheet and the glass on top of it have an area of 800mm by 380mm. Fresh scotch bonnet pepper was used as the produce of choice. The pepper was dried in 2 experiments for 3 weeks each. 200g of pepper was used and weighed to measure weight loss periodically. Temperature and humidity of the drying chamber and the surrounding were measured with data loggers throughout the periods of the experiments. The results showed that the ambient temperature during the experiments was higher than the temperature of the drying chamber in the early hours of the morning between 4am and 10am. During every other period, the temperature in the drying chambers was higher than the ambient temperature. An average moisture content of 81.3% w.b. was removed from the pepper during the experiments. The average efficiency of the dryer was 28.4%.
Correlation Between Manufacturing Sectors and Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Afolabi A. , Laseinde O. T. , Oluwafemi I.J. , Atolagbe O.D. , Oluwafemi J.F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The manufacturing sectors of nation’s economies have without doubt been noted as the chief driver of economic growth the world over. The connection between the Nigerian manufacturing sector and foreign direct investment (FDI) was assessed in this work. The study, in order to empirically examine how the variables are related in the long term and short term, utilised time series data spanning 36 years, while the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and co-integration technique were used. From the result, it is seen that the dependent variables explained R2 of 97% of the variations in manufacturing sector indicators (MFI), while Foreign direct investment, (FDI), Inflation rate (INF), government expenditure (GOE), and money supply (MSP) represent the independent variables. One of the recommendations of the study is that the federal government should consciously increase amount of foreign direct investments (FDI) made available to this all-important sector-manufacturing sector to boost its efficiency especially with respect to percentage impact on GDP and employment generation in Nigeria.
Evaluation of Wood and Plastic Formworks in Building Construction Industry for Sustainable Development
Authors: Kareem W. B. , Okwori R. O. , Abubakar H. O. , Nuhu A. , Dickson E. I. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This research work assessed wood and plastic in building construction. The study was a descriptive survey design and as such made use of questionnaire with 42 items. The Population of the study was 110 respondent which include 40 building professional and 70 non-building professional. The data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. T-test was used to test the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significant. The finding of the study shows that plastic work form can be used for casting slab, concrete wall among others. The finding also revealed some factors that determines the selection of form work such as climatic condition, labour efficiency and that plastic formwork saves cost as a result of long reuse period. It is therefore recommended that; plastic and wooden formwork should be integrated often in the casting of slabs, beam and columns without discrimination, proper adherence to standards and specifications for use of any type of formwork, there should be large scale production of plastic formwork to conserve forest and wood, factors to be considered in the selection of formwork should not be ignored, there should be proper weighing of the advantages and disadvantages of each type of formwork relating to the scale of construction before the choice of any formwork.
Wind Energy Systems for Omu Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Uguru-Okorie D. C. , Ikpotokin I. , Osueke C. O. , Olawale O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The quest for energy from renewable and sustainable sources has led to the investment on exploration and installations of wind energy systems to harness energy from wind for use by mankind. Various wind energy systems exist and they are quite expensive. Selections of appropriate systems for installation are dependent on the wind power available in a location. It is therefore important that proper wind assessment is done before investments on infrastructures for harnessing wind power are put in place. Wind data between 2014 and 2018 were obtained from the Landmark University Weather Station in Omu Aran and the pattern of wind speed distribution in the location over the years in focus were determined by the Weibull function. The power law was used to estimate the wind speeds at heights of 10 and 20 metres respectively. Recommendations on appropriate wind energy systems suitable for Omu Aran region were made based on the wind speed pattern.
Development Of Blender-Hammer Mill For Multipurpose Use
Authors: Ajayi C.O , Oyawale F.A , Afolalu S. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Few problems that have been identified with most of the existing developed blending and hammering machines/mills was strengthening on to achieved better performance. The aim of this project is to develop a blender-hammer crushing machine suitable for domestic and laboratory use for production of fine paste and coarse aggregates. The design was based on elimination of metal to metal contact, contamination of grinded material and excessive vibration. The blender-hammer mill consists of the following components; inlet hopper, grinding chamber, a combined crushing hammer blades vertically set and blending blade that are horizontally fixed. The mill was constructed from locally sourced martensitic stainless steel 420 series. A sieve was introduced beneath the hammer chamber to sieve the ground mass. The main shaft was mounted on two sealed ball bearings, and it rotates at speed of 2880 rpm transmitted by two ‘B’V belt driven from a 3.75-kilowatt electric motor. The results showed that better efficiency for both dry corn and cassava. We conclude that a blender hammer machine developed is capable of grinding grains legumes, dry cassava, and yams into fine and coarse aggregates.
Property Upgrades of Some Raw Nigerian Biomass through Torrefaction Pre-Treatment- A Review
Authors: Akogun O.A. , Waheed M. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Today, agricultural waste is one of the most common resources in Nigeria that could solve environmental, fuel and energy issues. However, it has some limitations such as low bulk densities, loose and irregular sizes, handling and storage problems, low energy density, reduced fixed carbon, low calorific value, high volatile matter and high moisture content etc. making it difficult to be utilized for fuel. One of the viable and promising technologies to upgrade the properties of raw biomass is through torrefaction technique which is capable of upgrading the combustion and fuel characteristics of biomass, demonstrated from behaviours that are similar to coal during combustion. During this process, about 70% of the initial biomass weight and about 90% of the original biomass energy is obtained as torrefied biomass while the remaining 30% biomass weight and 10% biomass energy is given off. In addition, the presence of moisture content in raw biomass that could aid biological degradation is reduced (< 3% w.b.) while combustion efficiency is being enhanced through upgraded fixed carbon and calorific value (15-25% wt) and reduced volatiles. These upgraded properties makes torrefied Nigerian biomass suitable to be used independently or co-fired in power plants and as an upgraded feedstock for domestic and industrial applications in a developing country like Nigeria. Unfortunately, there is scarce research materials on biomass torrefaction in Nigeria which could be attributed to the cost of acquiring torrefaction plant and other resources for torrefaction characterization which are on the high side. This paper therefore explores and reviews the property upgrades of raw biomass through torrefaction technique. The challenges of biomass energy in Nigeria, torrefaction effects on some Nigerian biomass, equipment used for the analysis of torrefied samples, alongside the torrefaction properties, combustibility indices and their products were examined. The review study concluded that torrefaction technology is a promising technique in Nigeria which is capable of improving and upgrading the quality, energy value and other properties of raw Nigerian biomass and could at the same time serve as an alternative source of energy asides hydropower energy if embraced by the concerned bodies.
Investigation into Steam Boiler Rupture: A Case Study of Egbin Electrical Power Business Unit (EEPBU), Lagos State
Authors: Anjorin S. A , Ayodeji O. Z , Titiladunayo I. F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the causes, effects and controls of Boiler rupture in Egbin Steam. Thermal power plant, Lagos State. Three classes of boiler rupture were investigated for twenty-nine cases of boiler rupture. The cases were grouped into classes through stratified sampling technique. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 95% level of significance was used to test the two research questions set for the study. The results of the study indicate that the various classes of boiler rupture are not equally significant, one class more prevalent and responsible for incessant forced power outages than the others. With respect to tube failure, the findings indicate that each of the various factors responsible is uniformly significant. Recommendations for proper maintenance planning, in order to prevent boiler rupture which could lead to forced power outage, were made. The effects of boiler rupture include reduction in load factor, plant utilization factor, profit, plant generation factor, plant efficiency and increase in down time, operation and maintenance costs.
Agro Waste A Sustainable Source For Steel Reinforcement-Review
Authors: Afolalu Sunday A. , Oladipupo Segun , Edun Bose M , Abioye Abiodun A. , Adejuyigbe Samuel B. , Ajayi Oluseyi O. , Ongbali Samson O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this review paper the use of agro waste as a sustainable source for steel reinforcing steel was investigated. Agro waste is said to have certain amount of carbon which can be useful for steel reinforcement, as stated by different authors the carbon derived from agro waste is said to be of high quality. From literature it was observed that there is an increase in demand of agricultural produce which mean automatic increase in agricultural waste and this threat on humans, plants and the environment, this alone shows that agro waste is sustainable as it is currently been underutilized in the steel or iron making industry. In this review different agro waste such as macadamia nut shell, potato peel, husk from cereal, rice husk etc, and it was observed that macadamia nut shell has the highest carbon content which is about 92%. Agro waste is a sustainable source of obtaining carbon and should considered by steel producing companies as the carbon content is high and its environmentally friendly.
Design and analysis of a solar powered phototherapy device
Authors: Mayowa Abioye , Abioye Abiodun E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was carried out to design and construct a cost-effective and efficient solar-powered phototherapy device which can be implemented in areas where there are inadequate electricity and rural environment. Neonatal jaundice is the yellowish condition due to high-level bilirubin in a new born baby. This condition must be treated if the bilirubin level above 12 mg/dL. One of the common treatments is by using red and blue light phototherapy to convert bilirubin become more soluble in the water then easily excreted from the body. A microcontroller was used to regulate the radiation of light in the device and make it safe for the treatment of jaundice in a new baby. The device is powered by solar energy generated from the 24-volt monocrystalline solar panel, for charging deep cycle batteries via a charge controller. The wavelength of light is 460-490 nm with a minimum intensity of 30 μW/cm2. In this study, the phototherapy device is designed and tested. The red and blue light source consisted of thirty-six (36) high power Light emitting diode LED. Heat sink and fan are employed for the LED package cooling system. Solar power meter and spectrometer are used to analyze the intensity and wavelength produced by the LED.
Selection of glazing material for Trombe wall applications in Johannesburg using the TOPSIS methodology
Authors: Oluah C.K. , Akinlabi E.T. , Njoku H.O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Glazing are functional components of Trombe walls, they determine to a great extent the performance of the system. selection of optimal glazing for trombe wall application was considered in this article and the TOPSIS methodology was employed. TOPSIS is a multi-criteria decision-making algorithm which means a technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution. considered in this article were four different glazing types and four criteria. the single glazing was the closest to the ideal solution followed by the double pane glazing with low emissivity coating, double pane glazing with high emissivity coating and the triple pane glazing respectively
Reliability Assessment of the Nigerian Timber – An Environmental Sustainability Approach in the 21st Century
Authors: Alayande T.A , Ede A.N , Aguwa J.I , Ofuyatan O.M , Oyebisi S.O , Oluwafemi J.O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An important component of environmental sustainability is how we can continue improving human welfare within the limits of the earth’s natural resources. With recent research showing that carbondioxide levels in the air are at their highest in 650, 000 years and thus an alarming depletion of the ozone layer, the challenge currently facing many countries is how to respond to the issue of climate change. Steel, reinforced concrete and timber are the most commonly used structural materials worldwide. However, carbondioxide emissions from steel and cement production have been found to be the first and second largest sources of industrial CO2
emissions worldwide and this has prompted the inclination towards timber as a structural material. Timber is decomposable or biodegradable as well as renewable and its production does not require the use of high energy fossil fuels as in the production of some other building materials such as steel or even brick. Nigeria is blessed with several timber species in different wood classes but despite the environmentally sustainable and obvious advantages of timber, it is being grossly underutilized as a structural material in Nigeria because there is limited information on the reliability of timber considering the wide property variability between and even within, timber species. This paper addresses the need for reliability analysis of various Nigerian timber species with a view to determining and establishing their structural strength to encourage the use of the Nigerian Timber as a structural material. The need to revise the Nigerian Code of Practice for the structural design of Timber is also emphasized in this paper.