bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Capacity of Urine in the Post Mortem Human Urinary Bladder in a Selected Medical College
Authors: Khatoon Mahmuda , Begum Meherunnessa , Mazumder Mohammad Kamruzzaman , Yazdi Qazi Salim , Mansura Farzana , Sultana Mahmuda , Sultana Zakia 
Published: December 2020

Background: Urinary bladder diseases are one of the clinical problems encountered in our daily practice.The incidence of these diseases rises with advanced age. These diseases are diagnosed clinically andconfirmed by various non invasive as well as invasive procedures and wall abnormalities are themost important indicator to diagnose such diseases. All these conditions require medical and surgicalintervention. Thereby knowledge regarding normal capacity of urinary bladder is essential to determinethe physiologic variation of this organ. Therefore, full knowledge about gross and histological features ofthe urinary bladder has hard & fast implication for the investigation, diagnosis and further management.With this background the present study has been designed to evaluate the capacity of urine in postmortemhuman urinary bladder.
Objectives: To identify the socio-demographic determinants and to determine thecapacity of urine in post mortem human urinary bladder.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptivetype of longitudinal study. Sample size was estimated by reviewing literatures and by expert opinion and70 human postmortem urinary bladders fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected in thisstudy. This study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College,Sylhet in collaboration with the Department of Forensic Medicine, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College,Sylhet from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2015.
Results: The age of the cadaver ranged from 10 to65 years with the mean age of 32.20 (SD ± 14.38) years; 15 (21.40%) cadavers were in the age group of10-20 years, 36 (51.4%) cadavers were in the age group of 21-40 years and 19 (27.1%) cadavers werein the age group 41-65 years. There were 52 (74.3%) male and 18 (25.7%) female with a ratio of maleto female was 2.89:1. The mean capacity was 35.23 (SD ± 7.48) ml. The mean capacity of the urinarybladder was 31.20 ml (SD ± 7.28); 37.92 ml (SD ± 7.31) and 33.32 ml (SD ± 6.13) in the age group of A,B and C respectively. The difference between group A and B was highly significant (p=0.004); betweengroup B and C was significant (p=0.023); but not significant between group A and C (p=0.364). The meancapacity of urinary bladder of male and female did not differ significantly in age group A (p=0.117),group B (p=0.145) and group C (p=0.241).
Conclusion: The gross capacity of urinary bladder was foundincreased with age up to certain limit then slightly decreased in the late age. But the capacity did not differsignificantly between male and female.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.170-176
“Snow storm” testis
Authors: Raveendran AV , Ismail Syed Mohammed , Kumar KG Sajeeth 
Published: December 2020

Testicular microlithiasis is an asymptomatic condition associated with calcification within theseminiferous tubule, natural history of which is not clearly known.Association with varioustesticular malignancies warrant regular follow up in patients with microlithiasis.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.194-196
Antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh and Ulva (Enteromorpha) intestinalis L.
Authors: Uddin S Aftab , Akter S , Hossen S , Rahman MA 
Published: December 2020

Seaweeds are fresh sources of phytochemical compounds with immense medicinal potential, which have attracted the attention of agriculture, aquaculture and the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this study was to test the antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity and screening the phytochemical properties of methanol crude extract from two green seaweeds Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J.Agardh and Ulva (Enteromorpha) intestinalis L. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of these seaweeds were assessed by 2,2diphenyl, 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging technique and brine shrimp lethality bioassay method, respectively. The antibacterial activities against Vibrio fluvialis was determined using the standard disc diffusion method. The U. intestinalis showed higher total phenolic content with the value of 149.87 ± 18.17 mg of GAE/g than 73.95 ± 16.09 mg of GAE/g of C. racemosa. However, the recorded inhibition concentration (IC50) to corresponding standards ascorbic acid of C. racemosa and U. intestinalis were 119.62 and 34.274 μg/mL, respectively. The values were statistically significant (p <0.05) compared to the reference antioxidative agent ascorbic acid. In antibacterial assay, C. racemosa extract showed higher inhibition zone (22.65 ± 0.58 mm) than U. intestinalis (17± 0.28 mm). Moreover, U. intestinalis exhibited a lower LC50 value than C. racemosa in cytotoxic activity. Phytochemical analysis revealed that these two seaweeds have alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids and tannins.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(4), 237-244, 2020
Quality evaluation and determination of heavy metal contents in palm oil
Authors: Khan MSH , Sikdar KMYK , Saqueeb N , Hossain MH , Ahmed F , Faroque ABM , Sarkar MR 
Published: December 2020

Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil, extracted from the fruit of the Elaeis guineensis which is used for frying foods in most of the restaurants and confectionaries as well as for cosmetic preparations in industries. As the quality of palm oil in Bangladesh is deteriorating day by day, ten brands (S-1 to S-10) of commercially available palm oils were collected from different local markets, their physicochemical properties were tested and compared with the standard parameters stated by Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI). Results revealed that the acid value, free fatty acid value and relative density of all the palm oils (S-1 to S-10) were within the range of BSTI standard. However, the saponification value, peroxide value, iodine value, insoluble impurities and moisture content were much higher than the ranges of BSTI standard in all the samples. Moreover, lead content was higher than the standard value (>0.1 ppm) in brands S-1, S-4 and S-10. In addition, Copper and Iron contents were higher than the BSTI standards (0.1 and 1.5 ppm) in all the tested samples, whereas Cadmium content was below than the standard level (1.0 ppm).
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(4), 301-310, 2020
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) yield influenced by Albizia leaf mould and banana peel with half dosage of NP chemical fertilizers
Authors: Gayathri UHN , Seran Thayamini H 
Published: December 2020

Dried Albizia leaf mould (10 mt/ha) and banana peel (0.1-0.5 mt/ha) with reduced level of NP chemical fertilizers were applied on the production of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.).The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with seven treatments. The result revealed that the combined application of 10 mt/ha leaf mould and 0.1 mt/ha banana peel with 50% NP chemical fertilizer as basal and 50% N as top dressing (T6) exhibited higher yield than recommended 100% NPK chemical fertilizer alone (T2). Plants treated with fertilizers showed significant influences (P<0.05) in the growth parameters such as leaf area, length, fresh and dry weight among treatments. Remarkable differences (P>0.05) in number of fruits per plant were obtained. Among the treatments, considerable variations in fruit diameter, fresh and dry weight of fruit (P<0.05) were observed. An increase in the fresh weight of fruit per plant by approximately 8.5% was obtained in T6 when compared with the control (T2). The marketable fruit yield per m2 was 654.71 g in T6 and 603.61 g in the control. It was also noted that combined use of organic (leaf mould with banana peel) and chemical fertilizers increased fruit yield when compared to the application of organic fertilizer (leaf mould with banana peel) alone as basal application. From this study, it could be concluded that Albizialeaf mould (10 mt/ha) and banana peel (0.1 mt/ha) with 50% NP chemical fertilizers as basal and also 50% N chemical fertilizer as top dressing could be used for obtaining high fruit yield in okra cultivation.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(4), 273-282, 2020
Fish Community Structure and Environmental Correlates in Nepal’s Andhi Khola, Province No. 4, Syangja
Authors: Limbu Jash hang , BHURTEL BISHNU , ADHIKARI ASHIM , GC PUNAM , MAHARJAN MANIKA , SUNUWAR SUSANA 
Published: December 2020

The study of correlations between fish diversity, environmental variables and fish habitat aspects at different space and time scales of Nepal’s rivers and streams is scanty. This study investigated spatial and temporal patterns of fish assemblage structure in Nepal’s Andhi Khola. The field survey was conducted from September 2018 to May 2019 and the fishes were sampled from three sites using a medium size cast net of mesh size ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 cm and gill net having 2-3 cm mesh size, 30-35 feet length and 3-4 feet width, with the help of local fisher man. A total of 907 individuals representing 15 species belonged to four orders, six families and 11 genera were recorded during the study time. To detect the feasible relationships between fish community structure and environmental variables, we executed a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Based on similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis, the major contributing species are Barilius barila (26.15%), Barilius vagra (20.48%), Mastacembelus armatus (8.04%), Puntius terio (6.64%), and Barilius bendelisis (5.94%). One-way analysis similarity (ANOSIM) tried out for both time and space variations in fish community structure suggested that there was a significant difference in temporal variation (R = 0.794, P = 0.0037) but no significant difference in spatial variation (R = -0.18, P = 0.923). Results from the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) vindicated that dissolved oxygen, free carbon-dioxide and total hardness were the principle physio-chemical correlates of fish assemblage structure. One-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) on the Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) showed significant difference between spring, autumn and winter season but no significant difference was found in spatial variation. The extraction and transportation of boulders, cobbles, pebbles, sand mining, haphazard ongoing road development and dam construction for the irrigation without fish ladders were found to be existing threats to the fish diversity of Andhi Khola.

Keywords: Fish assemblage, multivariate analysis, rivers, spatio-temporal, streams
Plant Association of Lanternflies (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) from Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Abdul Razak Ahmad Irfan , Sazali Siti Nurlydia , Hazali Ratnawati , Abu Hasan Aidil Fitri Farah Nabillah 
Published: December 2020

The family Fulgoridae is known for their distinct morphological structures and striking colouration. Despite so, comprehensive documentation of insect-plant interaction from this charismatic family is greatly scarce. Presented here are records of plant association across four species of Fulgoridae from Malaysian Borneo. The current study was based on voucher specimens and field samplings from selected localities in Sarawak and Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. A total of 11 species of plants belonging to 11 genera and nine families were recorded. Three fulgorid species namely Penthicodes quadrimaculata, Pyrops intricatus and Py. sultanus shares the same host plant being the mata kucing fruit tree (Dimocarpus longan ssp. malesianus). The most speciose insect-plant association belongs to Pe. farinosa and Py. sultanus with six species documented. This is the first record of host plants reported for Py. intricatus, Pe. farinosa and Pe. quadrimaculata in Malaysian Borneo.

Keywords: Fulgoridae, host plant, insect-plant association, Malaysian Borneo, Sabah, Sarawak
Asymmetric Cryptosystem on Matrix Algebra over a Chain Ring
Authors: Yumman Muzna , Shah Tariq , Hussain Iqtadar 
Published: December 2020

The revolutionary idea of asymmetric cryptography brings a fundamental change to our modern communication system. However, advances in quantum computers endanger the security of many asymmetric cryptosystems based on the hardness of factoring and discrete logarithm, while the complexity of the quantum algorithm makes it hard to implement in many applications. In this respect, novel asymmetric cryptosystems based on matrices over residue rings are in practice. In this article, a novel approach is introduced. Despite the matrix algebra M(k,ℤn), the matrix algebra M(k,Rn′), Rn′ = ℤ2[w]⟨wn−1⟩ as the chain ring is considered. In this technique, instead of exponentiation, the inner product automorphisms the use for key generation. The chain ring provides computational complexity to its algorithm, which improves the strength of the cryptosystem. However, the residue ring endangers the security of the original cryptosystem, while it is hard to break using Rn′. The structure of the chain ring deals with the binary field ℤ2, which simplifies its calculation and makes it capable of efficient execution in various applications.
Estrategias metodológicas utilizadas en Ingeniería: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Tepe Atoche Victor  Manuel , Soplapuco Montalvo Juan Pedro 
Published: December 2020

La formación de los ingenieros es un tema que involucra a docentes y estudiantes, los avances tecnologico obliga a los centros de formación superior buscar alternativas para mejorar o proponer nuevas estrategias de enseñanza en ingeniería. El objetivo de la Investigacion realizada fue hacer una revisión bibliográfica de manera cualitativa, que nos permita conocer las estrategias metodologias de enseñanza utilizadas por los docentes en las carreras de ingeniería en universidades de Latinoamérica y el mundo, teniendo en consideración el impacto que estas generan en la formación de los futuros ingenieros, se consideró cuarenta(40) artículos publicados entre los años 2010 al 2020 que tengan relación a procesos de formación, se utilizó el buscador Google Académico y las ecuaciones de búsqueda, con la finalidad de encontrar en bases de datos la información, que nos permitirán hacer un análisis del desarrollo de las estrategias metodológicas, que los docentes utilizan en la formación de los futuros ingenieros, esto no lleva a concluir que todavía es un área que requiere ser atendida por los investigadores.
Lusofonia/e: limiti e possibilità di un'unione
Authors: Cerroni Antonio , Carbone Cintra Monique 
Published: December 2020

Il presente lavoro ha come obbiettivo principale quello di analizzare la situazione della Lusofonia e del ruolo della lingua portoghese all’interno della stessa. Si analizzeranno le varie considerazioni in merito alla Lusofonia, dando particolare importanza alle “forze” che agiscono in tale ambito. Queste forze – a volte politiche, etniche e linguistiche - sono generalmente di due tipi: convergenti e, soprattutto, divergenti. Lungo il presente articolo dialogheremo con le opinioni di linguisti ed intellettuali – tanto portoghesi quanto brasiliani – che discorrono della Lusofonia, con il fine di fare luce su un possibile equilibrio da raggiungere. Da sottolineare saranno le considerazioni dei portoghesi Ivo Castro (2010) e Eduardo Lourenço (1999), mentre per la controparte brasiliana si terrà conto degli studi intrapresi da Gilvan Müller de Oliveira (2013) e Carlos Alberto Faraco (2012). Quando pensiamo alla lusofonia, ci riferiamo anche a contesti transnazionali e internazionali dove la lingua portoghese acquista nuovi contorni dimensionali e alcune delle sue norme si "trovano" in modo articolato nelle produzioni dei non madrelingua e, in questo senso, tessiamo alcune riflessioni sull'insegnamento-apprendimento di PLS in contesti di insegnamento formale. Si analizzeranno quindi le contraddizioni all’interno della Lusofonia, dove i due centri maggiori –Portogallo e Brasile- mettono in dubbio il concetto stesso di “unione nella diversità”.
Mastalgia: Risk Factors and Treatment Strategies Used at Two Breast Clinics in Pakistan
Authors: Sohail saqib  
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Mastalgia is a common cause of fear and anxiety in patients especially in south east asia due to high prevalence of breast cancer . Mastalgia is one of the commonest symptom with which women consult a breast clinic.
Objective: Aim of this study is to determine risk factors associated with mastalgia,its association with various breast disorders, and various management strategies used for its treatment.
Study Design: Prospective Descriptive Study
Duration and place of study: This study was carried out at CMH Rawalpindi and Thall over a period of six months from January to July 2017.
Materials and Methods: All women presenting to breast surgery clinic with complaints of breast pain, heaviness, and tenderness were included in the study. Patients were initially evaluated at the time of presentation, treatment initiated and then were evaluated after six months of treatment.

Results: A total of 93 women presented to our clinic during this period. Cyclical mastalgia was noted in 39.8% (n=37) women while 60.2% (n=56) had non cyclical mastalgia. In 41.9%(n=39) patients no underlying pathology was noted ,49.5%(n=46) patients had benign disorders while 8.6%(n=8) had malignancy. Increased BMI ,lack of exercise were associated with onset of mastalgia while use of OCP was associated with low risk of mastalgia. Of all 45.1%(n=42) responded to measures like reassurance, dietary and lifestyle modifications while 54.9%(n=51) were treated with pharmacological therapy .Those having malignancy were treated according to the underlying malignancy.

Conclusion: Careful and thorough evaluation of mastalgia is necessary to rule out any underlying pathology.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of general population of Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Afzal  , Dr. Hameed Mumtaz Durrani  , Dr. Muhammad Imran Sohail  
Published: December 2020

Objective: To ascertain the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of general population of Pakistan.
Study design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.
Place and Duration of study: The participants in the study were selected from community population of Islamabad in a period of two months from 15th May to 15 July 2020.
Patients and Methods: A total of 278 participants were selected for this study. All the participants were given structured questionnaire consisting on demographic information HADS scoring system to calculate depression and anxiety. HADS consists of 14 questions, each of which is scored 0–3. The possible scores for depression and anxiety ranged 0-21. Higher scores indicate increased severity of anxiety or depression. A cut off value of 8 or more was used to identify the anxiety and depression.
Results: The mean age was 33.42 ± 9.67 years and 148 (53.2%) were males. Among these participants 238 (85.6%) were resident of urban area, and 167 (60.1%) were married. Most of the participants were graduate 102 (36.7%). Thirty-six (12.9%) participants had a known patient of Covid-19 in their family or friends. Most of the participants 196 (70.5%) had no any comorbid disease. The mean anxiety score was noted to be 6.47 ± 5.51 and mean depression score was 6.65 ± 4.17. History of any comorbid disease showed a highly significant (p-value < 0.01) association with anxiety and depression score.
Conclusion: To minimize the effect of Covid-19 pandemic on mental health of general population attention should be given to vulnerable groups like males, middle age adults, less educated and unemployed persons especially the people with chronic comorbid disease.
Keywords: Covid-19, Mental health, General population, Anxiety, Depression
La toponimia indígena en la cuenca del río Chicama (Perú)
Authors: Krzanowski Andrzej , Szemiński Jan 
Published: December 2020

The Chicama river lies north of river Moche and south of river Jequetepeque and the city of Cajamarca. Among the indigenous languages spoken in this region Yunka, Kullic, Muchic and Quechua had the greatest influence. A number of words exists that originate from other local languages like designated Chicama B. This study includes observations on indigenous depository of toponymics. This is followed by an attempt to reconstruct the history of presence of different indigenous ethnic groups. This includes spatial allocations of vocabularies.
English abstract/description written by Michał Gilewski
Pole semantyczne terminu „książka elektroniczna”
Authors: Pacek Jarosław 
Published: December 2020

CEL/TEZA: Celem artykułu jest ustalenie aktualnego znaczenia terminu książka elektroniczna na podstawie jego definicji w źródłach encyklopedycznych i słownikowych. KONCEPCJA/METODY BADAŃ: W badaniach wykorzystano analizę pola semantycznego. Zebrany korpus definicji prezentowanych (w j. polskim i angielskim) przeanalizowano w poszukiwaniu kluczowych elementów deskrypcji i wskazano natężenie występowania poszczególnych cech (znaczeń). WYNIKI i WNIOSKI: Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badania, sprawdzającego w jaki sposób książka elektroniczna rozumiana jest w źródłach informacyjnych, oraz która grupa cech formalnych lub abstrakcyjnych, odgrywa istotniejszą rolę w rozumieniu książki. ORYGINALNOŚĆ/WARTOŚĆ POZNAWCZA: Językoznawcza teoria pola semantycznego zakładająca, że każde słowo współwystępuje z innymi w pewnych wyodrębnionych kategoriach znaczeniowych, może znaleźć zastosowanie w badaniach terminologicznych z zakresu informacji naukowej i bibliotekoznawstwa. Zaprezentowane badania przyczynią się do rozwoju terminologii z zakresu tych dyscyplin.
Wykorzystanie źródeł i narzędzi elektronicznych przez polskich studentów kierunków humanistycznych
Authors: Kamińska Anna 
Published: December 2020

Cel/teza: Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka zachowań informacyjnych związanych z wykorzysty­waniem przez studentów kierunków humanistycznych naukowych źródeł i narzędzi elektronicznych do przygotowania prac magisterskich. Podstawę charakterystyki stanowią wyniki badań przeprowa­dzonych wśród studentów Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
Koncepcja/metody badań: W badaniach, przeprowadzonych od marca do maja 2014 r. wykorzystano podejście jakościowe, stosując technikę wywiadu częściowo ustrukturyzowanego. Treść wywiadów po ich przeprowadzeniu transkrybowano i opracowano za pomocą programu do analizy danych jakościowych Welf QDA. Do analizy zebranego materiału wykorzystano technikę kodowania znaczenia. Próbę badawczą stanowiła grupa 14 studentów drugiego roku studiów magisterskich: 7 magistrantów polonistyki i 7 magistrantów historii.
Wyniki i wnioski: Analiza danych zgromadzonych na podstawie wywiadów pokazała, że respondenci używali źródeł elektronicznych w momencie, gdy dostęp do materiałów w formie tradycyjnej był utrudniony, zaś elektroniczne narzędzia wykorzystywali do wyszukiwania konkretnych publikacji w wersji papierowej lub elektronicznej. Najpopularniejszymi okazały się biblioteki cyfrowe, wyszuki­warka internetowa Google oraz elektroniczne katalogi bibliotek. Stwierdzono niewielką znajomość wśród studentów takich narzędzi, jak menedżery bibliograficzne i rzadkie z nich korzystanie przy pisaniu prac magisterskich. Mimo ogólnej otwartości studentów na technologie cyfrowe i popieranie przez nich rozwoju naukowych zasobów Open Access, potwierdzone zostało ogólne przekonanie o przywiązaniu humanistów do pracy w środowisku papierowym.
Oryginalność/wartość poznawcza: Przeprowadzone badanie uzupełnia lukę w zakresie badań nad zachowaniami informacyjnymi magistrantów. Jego szczególną wartość stanowi wybór grupy badawczej spośród studentów kierunków humanistycznych, którzy do tej pory bardzo rzadko byli obejmowani tego typu badaniami.