bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process evaluation of a randomised pilot trial of home-based rehabilitation compared to usual care in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and their caregiver’s (REACH-HFpEF pilot study)
Authors: Smith Karen , Lang Chim , Wingham Jenny , Frost Julia , Greaves Colin , Abraham Charles , Warren Fiona , Coyle Joanne , Jolly Kate , Miles Jackie , Paul Kevin , Doherty Patrick , Davis Russell , Dalal Hasnain , Taylor Rod S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Whilst heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) affects almost 50 percent of the HF population, evidence-based treatment options remain limited. However, there is growing evidence of the potential value of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. This study reports the process evaluation of the Rehabilitation Enablement in Chronic Heart Failure (REACH-HF) intervention for HFpEF patients and their caregivers conducted as part of the REACH-HFpEF pilot trial. Methods: Process evaluation sub-study parallel to a single centre (Tayside, Scotland) randomised controlled pilot trial with qualitative assessment of both intervention fidelity delivery and HFpEF patients’ and caregivers’ experiences. The REACH-HF intervention consisted of self-help manual for patients and caregivers, facilitated over 12 weeks by trained healthcare professionals. Interviews were conducted following completion of intervention in a purposeful sample of 15 HFpEF patients and 7 caregivers.Results: Qualitative information from the facilitator interactions and interviews identified three key themes for patients and caregivers: (1) understanding their condition, (2) emotional consequences of HF, and (3) patients’ and caregivers’ responses to the REACH-HF intervention. The differing professional backgrounds demonstrate the possibility of delivering REACH-HF by either existing HF or cardiac rehabilitation services of a combination of the two.Conclusions: The REACH-HF home-based facilitated intervention for HFpEF appears feasible and well accepted model for delivery of a cardiac rehabilitation intervention, with the potential to address key unmet needs of patients and their caregivers who are often excluded from service provision and current CR programmes. Results of this study will inform a recently funded full multicentre randomised clinical trial.Trial registration: ISRCTN78539530 (date registration 7th July 2015) http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN78539530
Optimal regimens regimens based on PK/PD cutoff evaluation of ceftiofur against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in swine
Authors: Sun Da , Mi Kun , Hao Haihong , Xie Shuyu , Chen Dongmei , Huang Lingli 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae formerly known as Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, can cause pleuropneumoniae in pigs, which lead to significant mortality. Ceftiofur was the first cephalosporin antibiotic used in animals，which was effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterium. This study aimed to formulate a rational dosage strategy and review the preceding recommended dosage based on PK/PD modeling and Establish Clinical breakpoint of ceftiofur against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on the pharmacodynamic-pharmacokinetic cutoff. ResultsThe epidemiologic cutoff value was 0.125 μg/mL. The results of the pharmacodynamic study showed that the MICs of BW39 were 0.5 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL in vitro and ex-vivo, respectively. The minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) under in vitro and ex vivo conditions were both 1 μg/mL. The time-killing profiles of ceftiofur against BW39 were time-dependent with a partly concentration-dependent pattern. Based on the inhibitory sigmoid Emax model, the AUC24 h/MIC values for the bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects in serum were 45.73, 63.83, and 69.04 h for healthy pigs separately. According to the Monte Carlo simulation, the COPD was calculated as 2 μg/mL, and the optimized dosage regimen of ceftiofur against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to achieve bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects over 24 h was 2.13, 2.97, and 3.42 mg/kg for the 50% target attainment rate (TAR) and 2.47, 3.21, and 3.70 mg/kg for the 90% TAR respectively.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we reveal the EOFF and PK/PD cutoff values of ceftiofur against A. pleuropneumoniae in piglets. However, with the paucity of clinical data for ceftiofur to establish a clinical cutoff against A. pleuropneumoniae, the PK/PD cutoff value of 2 μg/mL will be recommended as surrogate. According to the PK/PD data and the MIC distribution in China, the single bactericidal dose was 3.21 mg/kg for the 90% target, which would be more able to cure Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and avoid the emergence of resistance for clinical ceftiofur use in piglet.
Cellphone laws and teens’ calling while driving: analysis of repeated cross-sectional surveys in 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019
Authors: Li Li , Pope Caitlin N , Andridge Rebecca R , Bower Julie K , Hu Guoqing , Zhu Motao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Distracted driving among teen is a public health and safety concern. Most states in the U.S. have sought to restrict cellphone use while driving by enacting laws. This study examines the difference in prevalence of self-reported calling while driving (CWD) between states with different cellphone bans.Methods: Demographics and CWD data were extracted from state Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) from 14 states in 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019. The state YRBS is conducted every two years with a representative sample of 9th through 12th grade students attending public school. States were grouped by type of enacted cellphone law(s): no ban (the absence of both handheld calling ban and young driver ban); young driver ban (the absence of a handheld calling ban and an enacted young driver ban ); and concurrent ban (the enactment of both a handheld calling ban and a young driver ban). Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to estimate prevalence ratios comparing CWD prevalence across ban types.Results: In total, 157,423 high school students participated in the surveys, and 65,044 (45%) participants reached the minimum age to obtain an intermediate license and drove during the 30 days prior the survey. Approximately 53% of participants reported CWD at least once during the previous 30 days, and the percentages varied widely by states (range: 51%-55%). Compared to students from states with no ban enacted, those from states with concurrent bans were 19%(95% CI: 14%-24%) less likely to engage in CWD. Students in states with concurrent bans were 23% less likely to engage in CWD compared to students in states with young driver bans (95% CI:17%-27%). Conclusions: Engaging in CWD is common among teen drivers. The concurrent implementation of a handheld calling ban and a young driver ban was associated with a decrease in the prevalence of CWD.
A Smart Position Optimization Scheme for Badminton Doubles Based on Human-computer Interactive Training in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Yao Bo , Liang Na 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the continuous development process, robot technology based on multimedia interactions has been widely used in aerospace, medical, education and service industries. The relationship between robots and humans is getting closer. The improvement of robot intelligence is a process of continuously learning the outside world. Since 1959, multimedia human-computer interaction technology has provided more and more technical support for human research robots. In this paper, we firstly study the characteristics of badminton competition, including the technical characteristics, tactics characteristics, and the collection requirements about on-site training. The technical description of the badminton doubles station is also completed. Furthermore, in terms of the digitalization of the gait-based sensation, the automated acquisition of the gait technology, the simultaneously with the video, and the high-speed imaging system, the system implement information is integrated. After that, badminton multimedia techniques and tactics are designed based on the extensive statistical analysis. The skills and tactics of athletes are expressed in the form of video, graphics and text. Finally, the operators can carry out the technical and tactical analysis processes through good human-computer interactions. This increases the end user's game information. The related attention and understanding can strengthen the strength and depth of technical and tactical ability analysis. Thus, we propose the station optimization plan for badminton doubles.
Improving precision of field inventory estimation of above ground biomass through an alternative view on plot biomass
Authors: Kleinn Christoph , Magnussen Steen , Noelke Nils , Magdon Paul , Álvarez-González Juan Gabriel , Fehrmann Lutz , Pérez-Cruzado César 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We contrast a new continuous approach (CA) for estimating plot-level above-ground biomass (AGB) in forest inventories with the current approach of estimating AGB exclusively from the tree-level AGB predicted for each tree in a plot; henceforth called DA (discrete approach). With the CA, the AGB in a forest is modelled as a continuous surface and the AGB estimate for a fixed-area plot is computed as the integral of the AGB surface taken over the plot area. Hence with the CA, the portion of the biomass of in-plot-trees that extends across the plot perimeter is ignored while the biomass from trees outside of the plot reaching inside the plot is added. We use a sampling simulation with data from a fully mapped two hectare area to illustrate that important differences in plot-level AGB estimates can emerge. Ideally CA-based estimates of mean AGB should be less variable than those derived from the DA. If realized, this difference translates to a higher precision from field sampling, or a lower required sample size. In our case study with a target precision of 5 % (i.e. relative standard error of the estimated mean AGB), the CA required a 27.1 % lower sample size for small plots of 100m² and a 10.4 % lower sample size for larger plots of 1700 m², where we examined sampling induced errors only and did not yet consider model errors. We discuss practical issues in implementing the CA in field inventories and the potential in applications that model biomass with remote sensing data. The CA is a variation on a plot design for above-ground forest biomass; as such it can be applied in combination with any forest inventory sampling design.
Open stented elephant trunk for complicated Stanford type B aortic dissection: a single-center experience
Authors: Tie Hongtao , Kong Lingwen , Tu Zhengjie , Zheng Delai , Chen Dan , Wu Qingchen , Li Qiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Open stented elephant trunk (SET) or SET with left subclavian artery (LSCA) to left common carotid artery bypass (LCCA) is proven to a potentially alternative treatment for complicated Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD). In the current study, we reported our experience with ten consecutive TBAD patients who underwent open SET.Methods: Patients with complicated TBAD underwent open SET from May 2016 to November 2018 in our institution were included. Patients’ clinical data were obtained from the electronic medical record system, and long-term clinical outcomes were collected by telephone interviews or outpatient interviews.Results: A total of ten patients with nine males and one female were included, and the average age was 47.3 (31-65) years. Increased D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation products were observed in all patients at admission, and two patients had renal insufficiency. The average postoperative mechanical ventilation time, length of stay in intensive care unit, and postoperative hospital length of stay were 46.9 (6.7-151.2) hours, 7.7 (4-17) days, and 15.7 (10-26) days. No postoperative death occurred. Acute kidney injury and other complications were observed, and they were recovered well when discharge. In long-term follow-up, computed tomography angiography indicated that aortas were completely well remodeled, and blood supply of the brachiocephalic trunks was normal without anastomotic complications. All patients lived well. Conclusion: SET or SET with subclavian artery correction shows satisfactory clinical outcomes, and it could be considered as an alternative treatment. Well-designed, large-scale studies with long-term follow-up are still needed.
One-step purification of two novel thermotolerant β-1,4-glucosidases&nbsp;from a newly isolated strain of Fusarium chlamydosporum HML278 and their characterization
Authors: Qin Yongling , Li Qiqian , Luo Fengfeng , Fu Yue , He Haiyan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A newly identified cellulase-producing Fusarium chlamydosporum HML278 was cultivated under solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse, and two new β-glucosides enzymes (BG FH1, BG FH2) were recovered from fermentation solution by modified non-denaturing active gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular weight of BG FH1 and BG FH2 was 93 kDa and 52 kDa, respectively, and the enzyme activity was 5.6 U/mg and 11.5 U/mg, respectively. The optimal reaction temperature of the enzymes was 60 ℃, and the enzymes were stable with a temperature lower than 70 ℃. The optimal pH of the purified enzymes was 6.0, and the enzymes were stable between pH 4-10. Km and Vmax values ​​were 2.76 mg/mL and 20.6 U/mg for pNPG, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that BG FH1and BG FH2 had hydrolysis activity toward cellobiose and could hydrolyze cellobiose into glucose. In addition, both enzymes exhibited transglycoside activity, which could use glucose to synthesize cellobiose and cellotriose, and preferentially synthesize alcohol. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that F. chlamydosporum HML278 produces heat-resistant β-glucosidases with both hydrolytic activity and transglycosidic activity, and these β-glucosidases have potential application in bioethanol and papermaking industries.
Response of Potato to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer at Wag-Lasta Areas of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia
Authors: Sebnie Workat , Esubalew Tilahun , Mengesha Merse 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Production and productivity of potato in Ethiopia is far below the world average due to soil fertility problem, pest, disease, and agronomic factors. Nutrient depletion due to soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopian highlands. Annually, nitrogen 122 kg ha-1 P 13 kg ha-1 and K 82 kg ha-1 were estimated to deplete from Ethiopia (Haileslassie et al., 2005). The essential nutrients like, nitrogen and phosphorus are the most important influential nutrient for the production of potato but they are deficient in most Ethiopian soils and thus an application of these nutrients could increase significantly the crop yields. In this context, an experiment was conducted at Sekota and Lasta Lalibela districts (Woleh and Kechin Abeba irrigation command areas) of eastern Amhara to investigate the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers for yield and yield component of potato under irrigation condition. Methods: Four rates of nitrogen (0, 46, 92, and 138 kg N kg ha-1) and four rates of phosphorus (0, 23, 46, and 69 Kg P2O5 kg ha-1) were combined in the factorial arrangement and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results: The result of the study revealed that nitrogen and phosphorus had a significant effect on plant height, marketable, and total yield of potato at Kechin Abeba. But phosphorus did not show a significant effect on plant height and unmarketable yield at Sekota district of Woleh irrigation command area. The highest yield 45.55 t ha-1 was obtained from in combined application of 138 N and 23 P2O5 in Lalibela and 17.12 t ha-1 was obtained from in combined application of 138 N kg ha-1 and 46 P2O5 kg ha-1 from Sekota districts of Woleh irrigation command area. Conclusion: The application of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer in the study area were more efficient in terms of tuber yield in Lalibela (Kechin Abeba) than Woleh. The application of 138 kg ha-1 N combined with 23 kg ha-1 P2O5 is found to be the appropriate rates for optimum productivity of Potato at Lalibela (Kechin Abeba) and Sekota (Woleh) under irrigation conditions and the same agro-ecology.
Long-term outcomes and prognostic factor analysis of resected Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction in China: a seven-year study
Authors: Feng Yiding , Jiang Youhua , Zhao Qiang , Liu Jinshi , Zhang Hangyu , Chen Qixun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence rate of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) has significantly increased over the past two decades. Surgery remains the only curative treatment. However, there are currently few studies on Chinese AEG patients. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the survival and prognostic factors of AEG patients in our center.METHODS Between January 2008 and September 2014, 249 AEG patients who underwent radical resection were enrolled in this retrospective study, including 196 males and 53 females, with a median age of 64 (range 31-82). Prognostic factors were assessed with the log-rank test and Cox univariate and multivariate analysesRESULTS The 5-year survival rate of all patients was 49%. The median survival time of all enrolled patients was 70.1 months. Pathological type, intraoperative blood transfusion, tumor size, adjuvant chemotherapy, duration of hospital stay, serum CA199, CA125, CA242 and CEA, pTNM stage, lymphovascular or perineural invasion, and the ratio of positive to negative lymph nodes (PNLNR) were significantly associated with overall survival when analyzed in univariate analysis.CONCLUSIONS Our study found that adjuvant chemotherapy, PNLNR, intraoperative blood transfusion, tumor size, perineural invasion, serum CEA, and duration of hospital stay after surgery had significance in multivariate analysis and were independent risk factors for survival.
Novel oxygen saturation imaging endoscopy to assess anastomotic integrity in a porcine ischemia model
Authors: Hasegawa Hiro , Takeshita Nobuyoshi , Ito Masaaki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Establishing anastomotic integrity is crucial for avoiding anastomotic complications in colorectal surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of assessing anastomotic integrity using novel oxygen saturation imaging endoscopy in a porcine ischemia model.Methods: In three pigs, a new endoscope system was used to check the mechanical completeness of the anastomosis and capture the tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) images. This technology can derive the StO2 images from the differences in the absorption coefficient in the visible light region between oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin. Bowel perfusion at the proximal rectum was assessed before and after the anastomosis, and one minute and thirty minutes after the ligation of the cranial rectal artery (CRA).Results: The completeness of the anastomoses was confirmed by the absence of air leakage. Intraluminal oxygen saturation imaging was successfully performed in all animals. There was no significant difference in the StO2 level before and after the anastomosis (52.6 ± 2.0 vs. 52.0 ± 2.6; p = 0.76, respectively). The StO2 level of the intestine on the oral side of the anastomosis one minute after the CRA ligation was significantly lower than immediately after the anastomosis (15.9 ± 6.0 vs. 52.0 ± 2.6; p = 0.006, respectively). There was no significant difference in the StO2 level between one minute after and thirty minutes after the CRA ligation (15.9 ± 6.0 vs. 12.1 ± 5.3; p = 0.41, respectively).Conclusion: Novel oxygen saturation imaging endoscopy was safe and feasible to assess the anastomotic integrity in the experimental model.
Cardiac Strain as a Predictor of Adverse Events and Ventricular Remodeling: A Cohort Study
Authors: Gong Yanjun , Lu Yuan , Huo Jessica C. , Wang Zhi , Yang Fan , Fang Shu , Qiu Lin , Qiu Jianxing , Huo Yong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: It remains controversial whether cardiac strain accurately predicts adverse events after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cardiac strain revealed on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging on cardiac events and adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling.Methods: Between February 2015 and September 2016, we conducted a prospective two-center cohort study of patients with STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention comprising stent implantation. All included patients underwent CMR imaging before discharge. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and LV remodeling were assessed during 6 months of follow-up.Results: Seventy-six patients were available for the final analysis. The MACE rate was 23.7%, using cardiac death, reinfarction, unplanned revascularization, and heart failure as combined events during 6 months of follow-up. The global longitudinal strain (GLS) was an independent predictor of MACE (OR=1.21 (1.07–1.36), P=0.002) and LV remodeling (OR=2.06 (1.14–3.73), P=0.017).Conclusion: In patients with STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention, the GLS determined on CMR imaging performed before discharge is a predictor of MACE and adverse LV remodeling during 6 months of follow-up.
Assessment of self-medication practices in the context of Covid-19 outbreak in Togo
Authors: Sadio Arnold J , Gbeasor-Komlanvi Fifonsi A , KONU Rodion Y , Bakoubayi Akila W , Tchankoni Martin K , Bitty-Anderson Alexandra M , Gomez Iris M , Denadou Claudia P , Anani Joël , Kouanfack Harold R , Kpeto Innocent K , Salou Mounerou , Ekouevi Didier K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: To date, there is no effective treatment for Covid-19 which is a pandemic due to a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. In Togo, where four in five people practice self-medication, the absence of a cure for Covid-19 and its constant progression requires an assessment of self-medication patterns in the context of the pandemic. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of self-medication to prevent Covid-19 and its associated factors in Lomé, Togo. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lomé, capital city of Togo, from April 23rd to May 8th, 2020 in a sample of participants from five sectors: healthcare, air transport, police, road transport and informal. Participants were invited to give information about their self-medication practices to prevent Covid-19 within the two weeks preceding the survey. Results: A total of 955 participants (71.6% of men) with a median age of 36 (IQR 32–43) were included. Around 22.1% were in the air transport sector, 20.5% in police, and 38.7% in the health sector. The overall prevalence of self-medication to prevent Covid-19 was 34.2% (95CI%: 31.2-37.3%). Most commonly used products were vitamin C (27.6%) and traditional medicine (10.2%). Only 2.0% of participants reported using Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine. Female sex (aOR=1.90; p<0.001), working in the health sector (aOR=1.89; p= 0.001), secondary education level (aOR= 2.28; p= 0.043) and university education level (aOR= 5.11; p<0.001) were associated with self-medication. Conclusion: One third of high-risk populations in Lomé have practiced self-medication. Intensifying awareness campaigns is crucial to fight misinformation about alleged Covid-19 prevention products on social media.