bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Connection Between Triglycerides and Ectopic Fat Obesity: An Inverted U-Shaped Curve
Authors: Zou Yang , Yu Meng , Sheng Guotai , Xie Guobo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Ectopic fat obesity and Triglycerides are risk factors for diabetes and multiple cardiovascular diseases, but the data on the relationship between Triglycerides and the risk of ectopic fat obesity are limited. The purpose of this study is to explore the connection between Triglycerides and ectopic fat obesity.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, we retrospectively analyzed 15464 adult participants recruited by Murakami Memorial Hospital from 2004-2015(8430 men and 7034 women, average age 43.71±8.9), to performed the relationship between Triglycerides and ectopic fat obesity, we divided all patients into 4 groups according to the quartile of Triglycerides. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between Triglycerides and the risk of ectopic fat obesity, and the generalized additive model was used to identify the nonlinear relationship.Results: In the study population, the prevalence of ectopic fat obesity was 17.73%, and gradually increased in the quartile of Triglycerides (2.86,7.89,18.25 and 41.22% respectively, P < 0.001).After adjusting other covariables, Triglycerides was positively correlated with the risk of ectopic fat obesity (OR:1.55,95%CI:1.41-1.69, p<0.00001). Then we carried out smooth curve fitting and found that there was an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between Triglycerides and ectopic fat obesity, even if those adjusted covariables were removed from the model, the result remained unchanged, and the inflection point of the curve was 3.98. On the left side of the inflection point, Triglycerides was positively correlated with the risk of ectopic fat obesity(OR:1.784,95%CI:1.611-1.975,p<0.0001), while on the right side of the inflection point, there was a negative correlation (OR:0.519,95%CI:0.333-0.810,p=0.0039).Conclusions: Our research shows that there is a significant correlation between Triglycerides and ectopic fat obesity, this relation is not a simple linear relationship, but it was an inverted U-shaped curve relationship.
Genomic and transcriptome analyses of a thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus B5 isolated from compost reveal its enzymatic basis for lignocellulose degradation
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Miao Jiaxi , Wang Xuanqing , Li Tuo , Zhu Han , Liu Dongyang , Shen Qirong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Composting is a special global carbon cycle which sustains various microbes engendering the cellulose degradation. Studies have obtained substantial compost microbiomes, yet the expressions and functions of these lignocellulolytic enzymes remains obscure. Thus, the discovery of thermophilic microorganisms as considerable biochemical catalysts for biofuels is becoming more and more attractive.Results A lignocellulose degrading strain isolated from thermophilic compost was identified as Geobacillus stearothermophilus B5, which could secrete considerable enzymes at the optimal temperature (60°C) and pH (7.5). One single contig of 3.37 Mbp was obtained from raw data and 3371 protein-coding genes were predicted, and the clusters of orthologous groups (COG) analysis revealed various genes with function of polymeric substrates degradation, especially for abundant CAZymes including glycoside hydrolases (GH, 29%) and glycosyl transferases (GT, 36%). Furthermore, the transcriptional responses of B5 at different temperature by using rice straw as sole carbon sources were also analyzed, based on which the mechanism of lignocellulose degradation at high temperature was revealed that B5 could resist the heat by up-regulating the heat shock proteins (HSP) and then secrete various Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZymes) to realize energy balance.Conclusions The comparative whole-genome along with transcriptome analysis indicated that G. stearothermophilus B5 owned the ability of lignocellulose degradation and could be considered as a potential inoculant in composting efficiency, thus are also valuable for the lignocellulosic bioenergy industry.
Chronic vagus nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy influences fasting blood glucose concentration
Authors: Liu Hongyun , Zhan Ping , Meng Fangang , Wang Weidong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been widely accepted as adjunctive therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy and major depression. Its effects on glycemic control in humans were however poorly understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential effects of VNS on fasting blood glucose in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.Methods Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who had received VNS implants at the same hospital in a randomized, controlled trial were retrospectively studied. Effects on fasting blood glucose, weight, body mass index and blood pressure were evaluated at 4, 8 and 12 months of follow-up.Results 32 subjects (11 females/21males, 19±9 years, body mass index 22.2±4.0 kg/m 2 ) completed 12-month follow-up. At the 4 months, there were no significant changes in fasting blood glucose concentrations from baseline to follow-up in both Sham-VNS (4.89±0.54 vs. 4.56±0.54 mmol/L, p=0.101) and VNS (4.80±0.54 vs. 4.50±0.56 mmol/L, p=0.117) groups. However, after 8 (4.90±0.42 mmol/L, p=0.001) and 12 (4.86±0.40 mmol/L, p=0.002) months of VNS, fasting blood glucose levels significantly increased compared to baseline values (4.52±0.54 mmol/L). Changes in fasting blood glucose concentrations at both 8 (R 2 =0.502, p<0.001) and 12 (R 2 =0.572, p<0.001) months were negatively correlated with baseline fasting blood glucose levels.Conclusions Our study suggests that chronic cervical VNS elevates fasting blood glucose levels with commonly used stimulation parameters in patients with epilepsy.Trial registration: VNSRE, NCT02378792. Registered 4 March 2015 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02378792
DEHP chronic exposure disturbs the gut microbial community and metabolic homeostasis: Gender-based differences in zebrafish
Authors: Pei Desheng , Jia Pan-Pan Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Techn , Xin Guang-Yuan , Junaid Muhammad , Wang Yan , Ma Yan-Bo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a predominant phthalate ester (PAE), exhibits various toxic potentials with environmental and human health risks. However, the chronic effects of DEHP exposure on gut microbiota and associated host’s health are still largely unexplored. Here, zebrafish were exposed to relative environmental levels (0-100 μg/L) of DEHP from embryos to adult (3.5 months), then the developmental indexes and microbiota as well as the related energy metabolites in gut tissues were checked to unveil the effects during the growth progress. Results: The results indicated that the composition of gut microbiota was different among male and female adult zebrafish, and DEHP disrupted the diversity and richness of the bacterial community. The histopathological analysis of intestinal tissues revealed the decrease of villus length and tunica muscularis thickness, especially the goblet cells per villi in male fish. Moreover, energy metabolites in gut tissues were actively increased at lower levels groups, which probably contribute to the condition factor of host. For immune-related genes, the expression levels of il-8 was increased both in female and male fish in the lowest concentration (10 μg/L), but the tlr-5 and il-1β genes were in the different response with significantly decreased in female fish. Conclusion: Taken all together, those results indicated that chronic exposure to DEHP led to zebrafish obesity with the disturbed bacterial community in the gut and related metabolism pathways. Those findings provided deep insights on the perturbation of gut microbiota, metabolic homeostasis, and gender-based differences by DEHP exposure.
Fungal Composition and Diversity of the Tobacco Leaf Phyllosphere during Curing of Leaves
Authors: Chen Qian-Li , Cai Lin , Wang Hancheng , Cai Liu-Ti , Goodwin Paul , Ma Jun , Wang Feng , Li Zhong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Rhizopus oryzae causes tobacco pole rot in China during tobacco flue-curing. Flue-curing is a post-harvest process done to prepare tobacco leaves and involves three different stages: the yellowing stage has the lowest temperatures and highest humidity, then the color-fixing stage has higher temperatures and medium humidity, and finally the stem-drying stage has the highest temperatures and lowest humidity.Results: In this study, fungal culturing and IonS5TMXL high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to reveal the fungal community of the petioles and lamina of tobacco leaves infected with pole rot during flue-curing. A total of 108 fungal isolates belonging to 5 genera and 10 species were isolated on media. The most common fungi isolated was R. oryzae, most often found equally on petioles and laminas in the color-fixing stage, followed by saprotrophs, mostly Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus. High-throughput sequencing revealed saprotrophs, Alternaria being the most abundant genus, followed by Phoma, Cercospora and Aspergillus, whereas Rhizopus was the tenth most abundant genus, which was mostly found on petioles at the yellowing stage. Both culturable fungal diversity and fungal sequence diversity was higher at stem-drying stage than the yellowing and color-fixing stages, and diversity was higher with leaf lamina than petioles revealing that the changes in fungal composition and diversity during the curing process were similar with both methods.Conclusions: A better understanding of the saprotrophic fungi during curing of leaves with pole rot could result in the identification of highly competitive saproptrophs that may act as potential biocontrol agents of tobacco pole rot.
Meta-analysis in periprosthetic joint infection: a global bibliometric analysis
Authors: Li Cheng , Thies Cristina Ojeda , Xu Chi , Trampuz Andrej 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most serious complication of joint replacement surgery. Further comorbidities include bedsore, deep vein thrombosis, reinfection, or even death. An increasing number of researchers are focusing on this challenging complication. The aim of the present study was to estimate global PJI research based on bibliometrics from meta-analysis studies. Methods: A database search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Relevant studies were assessed using the bibliometric analysis. Results: A total of 117 articles were included. The most relevant literature on PJI was found on Scopus. China made the highest contributions to global research, followed by the United States and the United Kingdom. The institution with the most contributions from the University of Bristol. The journal with the highest number of publications was The Journal of Arthroplasty, whereas the Journal of Clinical Medicine had the shortest acceptance time. The day of the week with the greatest number of received and accepted manuscripts was Wednesday. Furthermore, the top three frequently used databases were Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane. The most frequent number of authors in meta-analysis studies was four. Most studies focused on the periprosthetic hip and knee. The alpha-defensin diagnostic test, preventive measures on antibiotics use, and risk factors of intra-articular steroid injections were the most popular topic in recent years. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, we found that there was no single database covered all relevant articles, the optimal method for bibliometric analysis is a combination of databases. The most popular research topics on PJI focused on alpha-defensin, antibiotic use, risk factors of intra-articular steroid injections, and the location of prosthetic hip and knee infection. Alpha-defensin appears to be a reliable tool for the diagnosis of PJI.
Clinical features of a Chinese female Non-gestational Choriocarcinoma cohort: a retrospective study of 37 patients
Authors: Shao Yuming , Xiang Yang , Jiang Fang , Pan Boju , Wan Xirun , Yang Junjun , Feng Fengzhi , Ren Tong , Zhao Jun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Choriocarcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm, classified as gestational choriocarcinoma and non-gestational choriocarcinoma. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the clinical characteristics of Chinese female non-gestational choriocarcinoma patients and introduce our experience of treating this rare disease.Results We conducted a single-centered retrospective study on a sample of 37 non-gestational choriocarcinoma patients who were diagnosed and treated at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 1982 to March 2020. Their demographic, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic data were collected. Detailed information were available for all individuals in our sample of 37 patients. The primary lesions included 34 in ovary, 2 in pituitary and 1 in stomach. The mean of onset age was 22.8 years. The mean follow-up period spanned 87.5 months. Lung (40.5%) were the most commonly observed metastatic sites. All subjects were treated by surgeries and multi-drug chemotherapies with a mean of 5.8 courses to achieve complete remission. The overall complete remission rate, relapse rate, 3-year and 5-year survival rates are 81.1%, 16.7%, 80.0%, and 75.5%.Conclusions Non-gestational choriocarcinoma could be managed well with surgeries and multi-drug chemotherapies, but the overall outcome was still worse than gestational ones. Both ovary cancer and gestational choriocarcinoma classification could be applied for ovary non-gestational choriocarcinoma. Mixed non-gestational choriocarcinoma seems to have similar therapeutic effects compared with pure ones.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of 18F-fluoroestradiol and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for breast cancer recurrence in patients with a history of estrogen receptor-positive primary breast cancer
Authors: Chae Sun Young , Son Hye Joo , Lee Dong Yun , Shin Eonwoo , Oh Jungsu S. , Seo Seung Yeon , Baek Sora , Kim Ji Young , Na Sae Jung , Moon Dae Hyuk 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background To compare the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) and 18F-fluorodoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for breast cancer recurrence in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive primary breast cancer.Methods Our database of consecutive patients enrolled in a previous prospective cohort study to assess 18F-FES PET/CT was reviewed to identify eligible patients who had ER-positive primary breast cancer with suspected first recurrence at presentation and who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT. The diagnostic accuracy of qualitative 18F-FES and 18F-FDG PET/CT interpretations was assessed, comparing them with histological diagnoses.Results Of the 46 enrolled patients, 45 were confirmed as having recurrent breast cancer, while one was diagnosed with chronic granulomatous inflammation. Forty (89%) patients were ER-positive, four (9%) were ER-negative, and one (2%) patient did not undergo an ER assay. The sensitivity of 18F-FES PET/CT was 71.1% (32/45, 95% CI: 55.7–83.6), while that of 18F-FDG PET/CT was 80.0% (36/45, 95% CI: 65.4–90.4) when malignant interpretation was defined as positive, and 93.3% (42/45, 95% CI: 81.7–98.6) when an equivocal or malignant interpretation was considered positive. There was no significant difference in sensitivity between 18F-FES and 18F-FDG PET/CT (P=0.48) when malignant 18F-FDG interpretation was considered positive, but the sensitivity of 18F-FDG was significantly higher than 18F-FES (P=0.013) when equivocal or malignant interpretation was considered positive. One patient with a benign lesion showed negative 18F-FES but malignant 18F-FDG uptake.Conclusions The restaging of patients who had ER-positive primary breast cancer and present with recurrent disease may include 18F-FES PET/CT.
Adaptation of IncX3 plasmid encoding blaNDM-4 within broad host range: A study from India
Authors: Choudhury Nargis Alom , Paul Deepjyoti , Das Bhaskar Jyoti , Dhar Debadatta , Bhattacharjee Amitabha 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Different variants of blaNDM have been reported across Indian subcontinent within diverse host range of gram negative bacilli. Most of their transferability depends on types of plasmid that encodes resistance determinant. These plasmids with external sub-inhibitory stress of antibiotics facilitate their propagation and maintenance within broad host range. IncX type plasmid is more recently known for carrying carbapenem resistance and NDM-4 variant is considered to have better hydrolytic property than other variants. Both of these factors interferes with therapeutic outcome in clinical setting. The current study was aimed to investigate the maintenance and stability of blaNDM-4 within broad host range and transcriptional response.Results: IncX3 plasmid encoding blaNDM-4 was successfully transferred in six different host when imipenem (0.5µg/ml) screen agar was used for selection of transformants. It was also found to coharbour resistance for aminoglycosides and quinolone. When checked for stability, it was observed that the plasmid was successfully expanded within all the six recipients for 55th serial passages. Transcriptional expression with IncX3 was random but at consistent level for wild type and without concentration gradient stress of imipenem. Transcriptional expression with NDM gene was variable for parent isolates though for new hosts it was showing randomly increased pattern in proteus, E.coli, and DH5α Conclusion: the present study could highlight that external carbapenem pressure helps in maintenance and expression of blaNDM-4 within different host range. This study is of epidemiological significance and will help in tracking the genetic vehicle responsible for their transmission theirby restricting their spread.
Analysis of the metabolic pathways affected by hot-Humid or dry climate based on fecal metabolomics coupled with serum metabolic changes in broiler chickens
Authors: Zhou Ying , Liu Huchuan , Zhang Minhong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Air temperature and humidity are two important climatic elements that affect animal welfare and health. The prevailing hot and humid or dry climate is one of the major constraints for optimum poultry production especially in the tropics and subtropical regions. Many studies have suggested that exposure hot-humid or dry climate is associated with a high risk of metabolic imbalance; however, the underlying metabolic route caused by low or high RH climate is not yet well understood. Therefore, we used a comprehensive UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolic profiling of fecal samples to explore the effects of hot-humid and dry on metabolic pathway in broilers.Results: Significant changes in the levels of 36 metabolites were detected. Evidence of changes in gluconeogenesis associated to pyruvate metabolism, galactose metabolism and ABC transporter were observed. In addition, hot-humid and dry stress also affected protein translation process caused by aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, which may be associated with protein synthesis and hormone secretion disorders. Furthermore, we observed significant changes in primary bile acid biosynthesis and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, which indicated that fat synthesis was affected. We also observed significant changes in arginine and proline metabolism and histidine metabolism, which were associated with skin vasodilation and blood flow.Conclusions: These results provide biochemical insights into metabolism route of hot-humid or dry climate.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Unmet Healthcare Needs in Iran
Authors: Vahedi Sajad , Torabipour Amin , Takian Amirhossein , Mohammadpur Saeed , Oliaeemanesh Alireza , Kiani Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Unmet need is a critical indicator of access to healthcare services. Despite concrete evidence about unmet need in Iran’s health system, no recent evidence of this negative outcome is available. This study aimed to measure the subjective unmet need (SUN), the factors associated with it and various reasons behind it in Iran. Methods: We used the data of 13005 respondents over the age of 15 from the Iranian Utilization of Healthcare Services Survey in 2016. SUN was defined as citizens whose needs were not sought through formal healthcare services, while they did not show a history of self-medication. The reasons for SUN were categorized into availability, accessibility, responsibility and acceptability of the health system. The multivariate logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of unmet need and associated major reasons. Results: About 17% of the respondents (N=2,217) had unmet need for outpatient services. Nearly 40% of the respondents chose only accessibility, 4% selected only availability, 78% chose only responsibility, and 13% selected only acceptability as the main reasons for their unmet need. Low education was associated with higher responsibility-related SUN, while it could also reduce acceptability-related SUN. While SUN and responsibility-related SUN were prevalent among lower economic quintiles and people with higher outpatient needs, having a complementary insurance was associated with decreased SUN and responsibility-related SUN. The elderly and those with basic insurance had lower chances to face with responsibility-related SUN, while employed individuals were at risk to experience SUN. Conclusion: It seems that Iran is still suffering from unmet need for outpatient services, most of which emerges from its health system performance. The majority of the unmet health needs could be addressed through improving financial as well as organizational policies. Special attention is needed to address the unmet need among individuals with poor health status. Keyword: Iran, Healthcare services, Access, Unmet need
Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Female Sex Workers in the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Farahmand Mohammad , Moghoofei Mohsen , Monavari Seyed Hamidreza , Kiani Seyed Jalal , Tavakoli Ahmad 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) are amongst the most susceptible groups to acquire human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and consequently, to develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to provide estimates of the pooled prevalence of HPV infection and distribution of HPV types among FSWs across the world. Methods: Five computerized databases were searched for relevant studies published since the inception date of databases to September 2019. The pooled HPV prevalence was calculated by the random effect model described by DerSimonian-Laird. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the probable sources of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis was performed using the “Metaprop” function in the R package Meta. Results: Sixty-six studies involving 22938 FSWs from 34 countries were included in this meta-analysis, and the pooled HPV prevalence was 41.97% (95% confidence interval (CI): 37.99%-46.05%). HPV-16 (10.42%, 95% CI: 8.61%–12.55%), HPV-52 (7.76%, 95% CI: 5.75%–10.39%), and HPV-53 (6.09%, 95% CI: 4.55%–8.12%) were the most common high-risk HPV types identified among FSWs. The polled estimated prevalence of HPV infection among FSWs before and after 2010 were slightly different, 43.64% (95% CI: 36.12%-51.46%) and 41.01% (95% CI: 36.35%-45.83%), respectively. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of HPV infection, particularly with high-risk types, FSWs have a great susceptibility to the development of cervical and vaginal cancers. Furthermore, they can transmit their infection to their clients, which may result in a high prevalence of HPV and incidence of HPV-associated malignancies among the general population.