bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE OCCURRENCE OF INSECTS AND MOULDS IN STORED COCOA BEANS AT SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: S. DHARMAPUTRA OKKY 
Published: October 2019

Surveys on postharvest handling and technology processing of cocoa beans at farmer, trader and exporter levels in South Sulawesi were conducted together with investigations on moisture content, pest infestation (insect and mould) and quality characteristics in terms of reducing sugar, free amino acid and free fatty acid content. Surveys were conducted during dry (July 1997) and wet seasons (February 1998) in three regencies (Pinrang, Polewali-Mamasa and Luwu) and Ujung Pandang, South Sulawesi province. Interviews were carried out during surveys in the dry season. Number of respondents from farmers, trailers and exporters was 38, 15 and 5, respectively. In each season, number of samples taken from farmers, traders and exporters was 9, 21 and 15, respectively. In general, farmers, traders and exporters did not carry out postharvest handling and technology processing properly. MoistureÂ content of cocoa beans collected from farmers, traders and exporters were higher than the tolerable limit recommended by SNI (7.5%). Moisture content of cocoa beans collected during the wet season was higher than in the dry season. Insects were found on cocoa beans collected from traders and exporters. Species composition and the presence of each insect species were varied among the two seasons, but the predominant species was Tribolium castaneum. At trader level the percentage of insect-damaged beans during the wet season was higher than that during the dry season, while at exporter level it was lower. During the two seasons the percentage of mouldy beans at farmer level was lower than the tolerable limit recommended by SNI (4%), while those from some samples at trader and exporter levels were higher than 4%, but based on the direct plating method, all of the samples at trader and exporter levels were mouldy. Species composition and the percentage of beans infected by each mould species at farmer, trader and exporter levels during the two seasons were varied. The percentage of mouldy beans increased at trader and exporter levels. The predominant moulds were Aspergillus flaws, Eurotium amstelodami, E. chevalieri and Penicillium citrinum. The predominant mould at farmer level during wet season was Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). Reducing sugar and free amino acid content of cocoa beans collected during the dry season was higher than those collected during the wet season, either at farmer, trader or exporter levels. Free fatty acid content of cocoa beans tends to be higher during the wet season than the dry season at the three levels.Keywords: Stored products pests/Postharvest handling/Technology processing/Moisture content/In-sect/Mould/Reducing sugars/Free amino acids/Free fatty acids/Cocoa/South Sulawesi.
INTEGRATED USE OF NEOCHETINA BRUCHI AND ALTERNARIA EICHHORNIAE IN CONTROLLING WATER HYACINTH
Authors: S. DHARMAPUTRA OKKY , KASNO KASNO , SUNJAYA SUNJAYA , PUTRJ ASMARINA S.R. , HANDAYANI HERI S. 
Published: October 2019

The study on the integrated use of the chevroned water hyacinth weevil (Neochetina bruchi Mustache) and the water hyacinth blight diseaseÂ (Alternaria eichhorniae Nag Raj & Ponnappa) in suppressing water hyacinth growth was carried out under field conditions at Situ Bagendit lake, Garut, West Java. The objectives of this study were (I) to investigate whether the combined use of the two control agents produced a better effect in suppressing water hyacinth growth, (ii) to evaluate whether there is a change in oviposition and feeding habit of the chevroned water hyacinth weevil if the water hyacinth is seriously infected byÂ A. eichhorniae, and (iii) to evaluate the progress of weevil establishment in the field. The following results were obtained:(1) The concentration of Tween 80 which did not interfere with spore germination was 3%.(2) There was no difference between distilled water and 1% Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) as a medium for fungal spores production.(3) The combined use of chevroned water hyacinth weevil and the water hyacinth blight produces a better suppressing on water hyacinth growth.(4) There was no significant effect of heavy infection by the water hyacinth blight on oviposition habit of chevroned water hyacinth weevil. Heavy fungal infection only affected feeding habit of the adult chevroned water hyacinth weevil.(5) Establishment of the chevroned water hyacinth weevil is in progress at Situ Bagendit lake, Garut regency, West Java.
GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA FROM CANDRADIMUKA CRATER IN CENTRAL JAVA EMPLOYING PCR-RFLP OF 16S-rRNA GENE
Authors: DESILIYARNI TEMMY , SuwANTOAAAo ANTONIUS , SUHARTONO MAGGY T. , PURWADARIA TRESNAWATI 
Published: October 2019

The specific primers for bacteria (63f and 1387r) were used to amplify the 16S-rRNA genes from total community genomic DNA of thermophilic bacteria. The total community genomic DNA was obtained from muds and water samples of Candradimuka crater, Dieng Plateau, Central Java. PCR products were cloned into vectorÂ pCR*2.1-TOPO (3.9 kb) and transformed into Escherichia coli TOPIC. TwoÂ tetrameric restriction endonucleasesÂ RsalÂ andÂ HhalÂ were employed to generate Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) paterns. These enzymes yielded 10 and 9 groups of 16S-rRNA profiles or OTU (Operational Taxonomic Units) from 27 16S-rRNA gene clones. Rsal was found to be more discriminative in differentiating the clones than Hhal. Rsal-RFLP indicated that OTU 7 and OTU 3 represented the most abundant clones, i.e. 6 and 5 clones respectively. The distribution of 16S-rRNA gene clones couldÂ indicate relative distribution ofÂ specific groups ofÂ thermophilicÂ bacteriaÂ inÂ theirÂ natural habitat. Analysis of diversity at the DNA level could represent both culturableÂ andÂ unculturable bacteria in theÂ environment. Similarity analysis showed thatÂ at levelÂ 0.600 thereÂ were 8 differentÂ groups from 10Â RFLPÂ profiles generated byÂ RsalÂ digestion. This study indicated that there were at least 8 groups of different thermophilic bacteria occupying Candradimuka crater. Key words: Thermophiles, 16S-rRNA, Candradimuka crater.
Eight new records of crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura: Sesarmidae, Varunidae) from the coasts of Taiwan
Authors: Li Jheng-Jhang , Hsu Jhih-Wei , Ng Ngan Kee , Shih Hsi-Te 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Eight species from seven genera of crabs from two families are reported for the first time from the coastal areas of Taiwan, including estuaries, coral reefs and sandy beaches. These are Clistocoeloma balansae A. Milne-Edwards, 1873, C. villosum (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869) and Parasesarma ungulatum (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) of the Sesarmidae; and Cyclograpsus longipes Stimpson, 1858, Otognathon uru N. K. Ng, Komai & P. K. L. Ng, 2009, Ptychognathus pilosus De Man, 1892, Pyxidognathus granulosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1879 and Scutumara laniger (Tesch, 1918) of the Varunidae.
Relationship of wood cell wall ultrastructure to bacterial degradation of wood
Authors: Singh Adya P. , Kim Yoon Soo , Chavan Ramesh R. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
This review presents information on the relationship of ultrastructure and composition of wood cell walls, in order to understand how wood degrading bacteria utilise cell wall components for their nutrition. A brief outline of the structure and composition of plant cell walls and the degradation patterns associated with bacterial degradation of wood cell walls precedes the description of the relationship of cell wall micro- and ultrastructure to bacterial degradation of the cell wall. The main topics covered are cell wall structure and composition, patterns of cell wall degradation by erosion and tunnelling bacteria, and the relationship of cell wall ultrastructure and composition to wood degradation by erosion and tunnelling bacteria. Finally, pertinent information from select recent studies employing molecular approaches to identify bacteria which can degrade lignin and other wood cell wall components is presented, and prospects for future investigations on wood degrading bacteria are explored.
Determinants of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Health-Related Quality of Life in Memory Clinic Patients Without Dementia
Authors: Banning Leonie C. P. , Janssen Eveline P. C. J. , Hamel Renske E. G. , de Vugt Marjolein , Köhler Sebastian , Wolfs Claire A. G. , Oosterveld Saskia M. , Melis Rene J. F. , Olde Rikkert Marcel G. M. , Kessels Roy P. C. , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Koene Ted , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Scheltens Philip , Visser Pieter Jelle , Verhey Frans R. J. , Aalten Pauline , Ramakers Inez H. G. B. 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To identify determinants within 3 different domains (ie, somatic comorbidities, cognitive functioning, and neuropsychiatric symptoms [NPS]) of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over time in memory clinic patients without dementia. Methods: This longitudinal multicenter cohort study with a 3-year observation period recruited 315 individuals (age: 69.8 ± 8.6, 64.4% males, Mini-Mental State Examination score 26.9 ± 2.6). A multivariable explanatory model was built using linear mixed effects models (forward selection per domain) to select determinants for self-perceived HRQoL over time, as measured by the EuroQoL-5D visual analogue scale (EQ VAS). Results: Mean HRQoL at study entry was 69.4 ± 15.6. The presence of agitation, appetite and eating abnormalities, and eyes/ears/nose (ie, sensory impairment) comorbidities were associated with a change in HRQoL over time. Agitation was most strongly associated with HRQoL over time. Conclusions: The association of somatic comorbidities and NPS in memory clinic patients with course of HRQoL shows that these should receive more awareness, detection, and monitoring by clinicians.
Safe trajectory for an occipital condyle screw: A computer simulation study
Authors: Lou Zhen-Qi , Wang Yang , Xu Ding-Li , Li Guo-Qing , Ma Wei-Hu , Ruan Chao-Yue , Zhao Hua-Guo 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of posterior occipital condyle screw (OCS) placement analysis of the safe trajectory area for screw insertion. Methods: Computed tomographic angiography scans of patients (46 males and 27 females) with normal occipitocervical structures were obtained consecutively. Vertebral artery (VA)-occiput distance <4.0 mm was defined as “unfeasible” for OCS fixation, and occipital-atlas angulation was measured to assess the feasibility of screw placement. Next, the placement of 3.5 mm diameter OCS was simulated, the probability of breach of structures surrounding occipital condyles was calculated, and placement parameters were analyzed. Results: OCS placement was feasible in 91.1% (133/146) of occipital condyles, and the feasible probability also presented a significant sex-related difference: The probability was higher for males than for females (95.7% vs. 83.3%, p < 0.05). The incidence of anatomical structures injured under screw placement limitation was 18.8% (VA), 81.2% (hypoglossal canal), 59.4% (occipital-atlas joint), and 40.6% (occiput bone surface). There were no significant differences between the left and right condyles in relation to the measured parameters ( p > 0.05). The screw range of motion was significantly smaller in females than in males ( p < 0.05). The feasibility of OCS placement and OCS range of motion were significantly greater in the kyphosis group (>5°) than in the other two groups ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: OCS placement is a feasible technique for occipital-cervical fusion. The male group and occipitocervical region kyphosis group had a wider available space for OCS placement. Tangent angulation may be useful for the accurate and safe placement of an OCS.
Preterm neonates benefit from low prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold despite varying risk of bleeding or death
Authors: Fustolo-Gunnink Susanna F. , Fijnvandraat Karin , van Klaveren David , Stanworth Simon J. , Curley Anna , Onland Wes , Steyerberg Ewout W. , de Kort Ellen , d’Haens Esther J. , Hulzebos Christian V. , Huisman Elise J. , de Boode Willem P. , Lopriore Enrico , van der Bom Johanna G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Platelets for Neonatal Thrombocytopenia (PlaNeT-2) trial reported an unexpected overall benefit of a prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold of 25 × 109/L compared with 50 × 109/L for major bleeding and/or mortality in preterm neonates (7% absolute-risk reduction). However, some neonates in the trial may have experienced little benefit or even harm from the 25 × 109/L threshold. We wanted to assess this heterogeneity of treatment effect in the PlaNet-2 trial, to investigate whether all preterm neonates benefit from the low threshold. We developed a multivariate logistic regression model in the PlaNet-2 data to predict baseline risk of major bleeding and/or mortality for all 653 neonates. We then ranked the neonates based on their predicted baseline risk and categorized them into 4 risk quartiles. Within these quartiles, we assessed absolute-risk difference between the 50 × 109/L- and 25 × 109/L-threshold groups. A total of 146 neonates died or developed major bleeding. The internally validated C-statistic of the model was 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.58-0.68). The 25 × 109/L threshold was associated with absolute-risk reduction in all risk groups, varying from 4.9% in the lowest risk group to 12.3% in the highest risk group. These results suggest that a 25 × 109/L prophylactic platelet count threshold can be adopted in all preterm neonates, irrespective of predicted baseline outcome risk. Future studies are needed to improve the predictive accuracy of the baseline risk model. This trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as #ISRCTN87736839.
Quadrantic vortex vein decompression with subretinal fluid drainage for manangement of Nanophthalmic choroidal effusions— a review of literature and case series
Authors: Khatri Anadi , Singh Sweta , Joshi Kriti , Kharel Muna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundUveal effusion syndrome is a rare entity of idiopathic exudative detachments of uveal tissues and retina. Medical treatments with systemic steroids and antimetabolites have been tried but with variable results. Scleral windows or vortex decompressions are usually performed and surgeons usually perform partial sclerectomy in all the quadrants.Case presentationFor the first time, we report 2 cases of nanophthalmic uveal effusion syndrome managed with our technique.ConclusionQuadrantic vortex vein decompression with external drainage for nanophthalmic uveal effusion can provide immediate and stable gain in vision.
Enhanced Bruton’s tyrosine kinase in B-cells and autoreactive IgA in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Heukels Peter , van Hulst Jennifer A. C. , van Nimwegen Menno , Boorsma Carian E. , Melgert Barbro N. , von der Thusen Jan H. , van den Blink Bernt , Hoek Rogier A. S. , Miedema Jelle R. , Neys Stefan F. H. , Corneth Odilia B. J. , Hendriks Rudi W. , Wijsenbeek Marlies S. , Kool Mirjam 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Rationale
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is thought to be triggered by repeated alveolar epithelial cell injury. Current evidence suggests that aberrant immune activation may contribute. However, the role of B-cell activation remains unclear. We determined the phenotype and activation status of B-cell subsets and evaluated the contribution of activated B-cells to the development of lung fibrosis both in humans and in mice.

Methods
B-cells in blood, mediastinal lymph node, and lung single-cell suspensions of IPF patients and healthy controls (HC) were characterized using 14-color flow cytometry. Mice were exposed to bleomycin to provoke pulmonary fibrosis.

Results
More IgA+ memory B-cells and plasmablasts were found in blood (n = 27) and lungs (n = 11) of IPF patients compared to HC (n = 21) and control lungs (n = 9). IPF patients had higher levels of autoreactive IgA in plasma, which correlated with an enhanced decline of forced vital capacity (p = 0.002, r = − 0.50). Bruton’s tyrosine kinase expression was higher in circulating IPF B-cells compared to HC, indicating enhanced B-cell activation. Bleomycin-exposed mice had increased pulmonary IgA+ germinal center and plasma cell proportions compared to control mice. The degree of lung fibrosis correlated with pulmonary germinal center B-cell proportions (p = 0.010, r = 0.88).

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that IPF patients have more circulating activated B-cells and autoreactive IgA, which correlate with disease progression. These B-cell alterations were also observed in the widely used mouse model of experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Autoreactive IgA could be useful as a biomarker for disease progression in IPF.
Pathogenic Cav3.2 channel mutation in a child with primary generalized epilepsy
Authors: Souza Ivana A. , Gandini Maria A. , Zhang Fang-Xiong , Mitchell Wendy G. , Matsumoto Joyce , Lerner Jason , Pierson Tyler Mark , Zamponi Gerald W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two paternally-inherited missense variants in CACNA1H were identified and characterized in a 6-year-old child with generalized epilepsy. Febrile and unprovoked seizures were present in this child. Both variants were expressed in cis or isolation using human recombinant Cav3.2 calcium channels in tsA-201 cells. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings indicated that one variant (c.3844C > T; p.R1282W) caused a significant increase in current density consistent with a pathogenic gain-of-function phenotype; while the other cis-related variant (c.5294C > T; p.A1765V) had a benign profile.
Association of thyroid hormones with resting energy expenditure and complement C3 in normal weight high body fat women
Authors: Karkhaneh Maryam , Qorbani Mostafa , Ataie-Jafari Asal , Mohajeri-Tehrani Mohamad Reza , Asayesh Hamid , Hosseini Saeed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
A high body fat percentage has a specific effect on activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. On the other hand, a slight change in thyroid hormones can affect metabolism and body composition as well as immune function. This study aims to examine the relationship between adiposity, thyroid hormone levels and immunity by comparing resting energy expenditure (REE), serum thyroid hormone levels and complement C3 in normal-weight high body fat (normal weight obesity) women and normal-weight normal body fat women.

Methods
In this case-control study, 40 women with normal body weight (BMI < 24.9 kg/m2) and body fat mass (FM) ≥ 30% (normal-weight obesity (NWO) group), and 30 non-obese women (BMI < 24.9 kg/m2) and FM < 30% (non-normal weight obesity (non-NWO) group) were recruited from a sport club in Tehran. Body composition was analyzed using bioimpedance analyzer. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for fasting serum concentration of thyroid hormones (including total T3 and total T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and serum complement C3. REE was measured by an indirect calorimetry.

Results
Serum T3 and T4 and also complement C3 were higher in the NWO group than in the non-NWO group. Body fat percentages had significant positive correlation with T3 (r; 0.344, P <  0.05), T4 (r; 0.294, P <  0.05), and complement C3 (r; 0.417, P <  0.05). Serum T3 and T4 were also positively correlated with C3 concentration (r; 0.417, p <  0.001) and (r; 0.349, p <  0.05); respectively, but there was no significant correlation between TSH and C3. REE was not significantly different between the two groups. REE only had a significant positive correlation with fat-free mass (r; 0.421, P <  0.001).

Conclusion
An increase in body fat even in the presence of a normal body weight can be accompanied by the changes in thyroid function and inflammatory markers such as complement C3.
Dissecting the genetic basis of comorbid epilepsy phenotypes in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Chow Julie , Jensen Matthew , Amini Hajar , Hormozdiari Farhad , Penn Osnat , Shifman Sagiv , Girirajan Santhosh , Hormozdiari Fereydoun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, developmental disability, and epilepsy are characterized by abnormal brain development that may affect cognition, learning, behavior, and motor skills. High co-occurrence (comorbidity) of NDDs indicates a shared, underlying biological mechanism. The genetic heterogeneity and overlap observed in NDDs make it difficult to identify the genetic causes of specific clinical symptoms, such as seizures.MethodsWe present a computational method, MAGI-S, to discover modules or groups of highly connected genes that together potentially perform a similar biological function. MAGI-S integrates protein-protein interaction and co-expression networks to form modules centered around the selection of a single “seed” gene, yielding modules consisting of genes that are highly co-expressed with the seed gene. We aim to dissect the epilepsy phenotype from a general NDD phenotype by providing MAGI-S with high confidence NDD seed genes with varying degrees of association with epilepsy, and we assess the enrichment of de novo mutation, NDD-associated genes, and relevant biological function of constructed modules.ResultsThe newly identified modules account for the increased rate of de novo non-synonymous mutations in autism, intellectual disability, developmental disability, and epilepsy, and enrichment of copy number variations (CNVs) in developmental disability. We also observed that modules seeded with genes strongly associated with epilepsy tend to have a higher association with epilepsy phenotypes than modules seeded at other neurodevelopmental disorder genes. Modules seeded with genes strongly associated with epilepsy (e.g.,SCN1A,GABRA1, andKCNB1) are significantly associated with synaptic transmission, long-term potentiation, and calcium signaling pathways. On the other hand, modules found with seed genes that are not associated or weakly associated with epilepsy are mostly involved with RNA regulation and chromatin remodeling.ConclusionsIn summary, our method identifies modules enriched with de novo non-synonymous mutations and can capture specific networks that underlie the epilepsy phenotype and display distinct enrichment in relevant biological processes. MAGI-S is available athttps://github.com/jchow32/magi-s.
Alcohol use and associated factors among women attending antenatal care in Southern Ethiopia: a facility based cross sectional study
Authors: Mekuriaw Birhanie , Belayneh Zelalem , Shemelise Tinsae , Hussen Robel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of alcohol use among women attending Antenatal Care in Gedeo zone rural health centers (Southern Ethiopia). This was a cross-sectional study conducted among randomly selected 718 pregnant women attending Antenatal Care. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-C was used to assess alcohol consumption. Variables with p-values of < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression were considered as having a statistically significant association with alcohol use.ResultsThe prevalence of alcohol use among pregnant women attending antenatal care service was 8.1% with 95% CI (6.3–10.0). Unplanned pregnancy [AOR = 2.12, 95% CI (1.20, 3.73)], abortion history [AOR = 2.40, 95% CI (1.16, 4.96)], pre pregnancy alcohol use [AOR 2.17, 95% CI (1.18, 4.00)] and mental distress [AOR = 3.50, 95% CI (1.99, 6.15)] were variables found to have a statistically significant association with alcohol use. This calls a holistic and multi modal approach for the prevention, early identification and intervention of alcohol use during pregnancy. More emphasis should also be given for pregnant women with unplanned pregnancy, history of abortion, pre pregnancy alcohol use and mental distress.