bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verteporfin treatment controls morphology, phenotype, and global gene expression for cells of the human nucleus pulposus
Authors: Fearing Bailey V. , Speer Julie E. , Jing Liufang , Kalathil Aravind , P. Kelly Michael , M. Buchowski Jacob , P. Zebala Lukas , Luhmann Scott , C. Gupta Munish , A. Setton Lori 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCells of the nucleus pulposus (NP) are essential contributors to extracellular matrix synthesis and function of the intervertebral disc. With age and degeneration, the NP becomes stiffer and more dehydrated, which is associated with a loss of phenotype and biosynthetic function for its resident NP cells. Also, with aging, the NP cell undergoes substantial morphological changes from a rounded shape with pronounced vacuoles in the neonate and juvenile, to one that is more flattened and spread with a loss of vacuoles. Here, we make use of the clinically relevant pharmacological treatment verteporfin (VP), previously identified as a disruptor of yes‐associated protein‐TEA domain family member‐binding domain (TEAD) signaling, to promote morphological changes in adult human NP cells in order to study variations in gene expression related to differences in cell shape. Treatment of adult, degenerative human NP cells with VP caused a shift in morphology from a spread, fibroblastic‐like shape to a rounded, clustered morphology with decreased transcriptional activity of TEAD and serum‐response factor. These changes were accompanied by an increased expression of vacuoles, NP‐specific gene markers, and biosynthetic activity. The contemporaneous observation of VP‐induced changes in cell shape and prominent, time‐dependent changes within the transcriptome of NP cells occurred over all timepoints in culture. Enriched gene sets with the transition to VP‐induced cell rounding suggest a major role for cell adhesion, cytoskeletal remodeling, vacuolar lumen, and MAPK activity in the NP phenotypic and functional response to changes in cell shape.
Retention mechanism of pH‐peak‐focusing in countercurrent chromatographic separation of baicalin and wogonoside from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi
Authors: Wang Chaoyue , Zuo Guanglei , Wang Xiang , Kim Hyun Yong , Zhao Shanshan , Sun Wenyu , Tong Shengqiang , Lim Soon Sung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn efficient and target‐oriented pH‐peak‐focusing countercurrent chromatographic method was established for large‐scale separation of baicalin and wogonoside from the crude exact of traditional Chinese medicinal herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. An optimized two‐phase solvent system composed of n‐butanol–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (1:4:0.5:5, v/v) was selected. Trifluoroacetic acid (10 mmol/L) was added to the upper organic phase, used as the stationary phase. One liter of the aqueous lower phase was used as the mobile phase for 0–350 min, and then 10 mmol/L ammonia was added to remaining 1 L of the aqueous lower phase and used as the mobile phase for 350–600 min. In total, 493.2 mg of baicalin with 98.6% purity and 88.6 mg of wogonoside with 98.9% purity were obtained from 1.0 g of crude exact of S. baicalensis by countercurrent chromatography in a single run. The acid dissociation constant (pKa) and oil–water partition coefficient values of two components were measured to better understand the mechanism of separation. Results showed that pH‐peak‐focusing countercurrent chromatography with a polar solvent system added with trifluoroacetic acid could be an efficient method for large‐scale isolation of organic acids, which are difficult to separate with conventional countercurrent chromatography due to their poor solubility in non‐polar solvents.
Tephra deposits and carbon dynamics in peatlands of a volcanic region: Lessons from the Hekla 4 eruption
Authors: Möckel Susanne C. , Erlendsson Egill , Prater Isabel , Gísladóttir Guðrún 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInteractions between tephra deposits from volcanic eruptions and peatland carbon (C) dynamics are poorly understood despite the significant extent of peatlands influenced by tephra worldwide. Tephra falls can affect peat accumulation within a radius of at least 1,000 km. In Iceland, volcanic activity is amongst the highest in the world and it might even increase due to pressure release on subglacial volcanoes. A potent combination of sparse vegetation, low cohesion of Andosols, and frequent strong winds, facilitates the regular input of mineral aeolian material from eroded areas into peatlands in Iceland, in addition to tephra deposits. We present results of a study on the impact of a major tephra deposit, the Hekla 4 tephra, on C dynamics in Icelandic peatlands. We investigated three sites at differing distances from the active volcanic zones and major erosion areas in the interior of the country. A combination of variables was applied, including laboratory C mineralization at 5, 15 and 25°C and C structure obtained by solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy. Tephra deposits seem to affect C dynamics. Differences in C mineralization can only be partially explained by C structure. The C mineralization from soils with conspicuously similar C structure differs by a factor of up to 2.7. Temperature sensitivity of decomposition after the tephra deposition increases by a factor of up to 2.2. Changes in inorganic matter and the ratio of soil organic matter to soil organic carbon by a factor of up to 1.3 and 1.4, respectively, were also observed.
Experimental Demonstration of 11‐Dimensional 10‐Party Quantum Secret Sharing
Authors: Pinnell Jonathan , Nape Isaac , de Oliveira Michael , TabeBordbar Najmeh , Forbes Andrew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuantum secret sharing is the art of securely sharing information between more than two people in such a way that its reconstruction requires the collaboration of a certain number of parties. Here, by taking advantage of the high‐dimensional Hilbert space for orbital angular momentum and using Perfect Vortex beams as their carriers, a proof‐of‐principle implementation of a high‐dimensional quantum secret sharing scheme is presented. This scheme is experimentally implemented with a fidelity of 93.4%, for 10 participants in dimensions—the highest number of participants and dimensions to date. The implementation can easily be scaled to higher dimensions and any number of participants, opening the way for securely distributing information across a network of nodes.
Anticholinergics May Carry Significant Cognitive and Gait Burden in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Rajan Roopa , Saini Arti , Verma Bhawna , Choudhary Nishu , Gupta Anu , Vishnu Venugopalan Y. , Bhatia Rohit , Singh Mamta B. , Srivastava Achal K. , Srivastava Madakasira Vasantha Padma 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnticholinergic drugs are associated with significant cognitive and other adverse events in older adults, including those with Parkinson's disease (PD). Anticholinergic effects are considered lesser in younger individuals and the burden and outcomes in younger patients with PD are unknown.ObjectivesTo determine the cumulative anticholinergic burden in a cohort of younger of patients with PD and to correlate the same with cognitive impairment and freezing of gait (FOG).MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study to identify the cumulative anticholinergic burden from medications prescribed to patients with PD. Two standard scales, the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale and the ACB score, were used to calculate the anticholinergic burden from prescriptions. We identified commonly prescribed drugs contributing to anticholinergic effects and correlated the cumulative ACB score with cognitive impairment (Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale item 1.1) and FOG (Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale items 2.13 and 3.11).ResultsWe recruited 287 patients with PD (68.9% male) with a mean age of 56.9 ± 11.8 years and a duration of symptoms 6.3 ± 6.9 years. Median ACB score was 4 (range 0–12). A total of 164 (58.4%) patients had total ACB score > 3. ACB score > 3 was independently associated with cognitive impairment (Odds Ratio, 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.43–4.53; P < 0.001) and FOG using patient‐reported measures (Odds Ratio, 3.192; 95% Confidence Interval, 1.68–6.07; P < 0.001) and objective measures (odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–4.6, P = 0.007).ConclusionPatients with PD are exposed to significant anticholinergic burden from drugs prescribed for PD and non‐PD indications. Higher anticholinergic burden is associated with cognitive impairment and FOG even in younger patients with PD.
GTPase Regulator Associated with Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 (GRAF1) Immunoglobulin‐Associated Ataxia and Neuropathy
Authors: Pittock Sean J. , Alfugham Nora , O'Connor Kevin , Hinson Shannon , Kunchok Amy , Lennon Vanda A. , Komorowski Lars , Probst Christian , McKeon Andrew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo date, 10 patients with GTPase Regulator Associated with Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/Rho GTPase Activating Protein 26‐Immunoglobulin (GRAF1/ARHGAP26‐IgG) associated neurological disorders have been described, most with ataxia.ObjectiveTo report the clinical, oncological, and radiological associations of GRAF1 autoantibodies.MethodsWe identified 17 patients whose serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid IgG was confirmed to target GRAF1/ARHGAP26‐IgG by both tissue‐based immunofluorescence and transfected cell‐based assay. Clinical information was available on 14 patients.ResultsThe median age at neurological symptom onset was 51 years, and 8 (47%) were men. The predominant clinical features were subacute progressive cerebellar ataxia (13) or peripheral neuropathy (2). Magnetic resonance imaging brain (7 available) showed cerebellar atrophy (4, 1 also cerebrum and brainstem atrophy). Of 7 cerebrospinal fluids available for testing, 5 showed pleocytosis with oligoclonal bands in 3. Squamous cell carcinoma was observed in 3 patients (head and neck [2], lung [1]).ConclusionGTPase Regulator Associated with Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 autoimmunity manifests commonly with subacute ataxia and cerebellar degeneration with a potential association with squamous cell carcinoma. Peripheral neuropathy may also be encountered. Cases in this series responded poorly to immunotherapy.
Choice of Lipid Emulsion Determines Inflammation of the Gut‐Liver Axis, Incretin Profile, and Insulin Signaling in a Murine Model of Total Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Lou Phing‐How , Lucchinetti Eliana , Wawrzyniak Paulina , Morsy Yasser , Wawrzyniak Marcin , Scharl Michael , Krämer Stefanie D. , Rogler Gerhard , Hersberger Martin , Zaugg Michael 
Published: July 2020

ScopeThe aim of this study is to test whether the choice of the lipid emulsion in total parenteral nutrition (TPN), that is, n‐3 fatty acid‐based Omegaven versus n‐6 fatty acid‐based Intralipid, determines inflammation in the liver, the incretin profile, and insulin resistance.Methods and resultsJugular vein catheters (JVC) are placed in C57BL/6 mice and used for TPN for 7 days. Mice are randomized into a saline group (saline infusion with oral chow), an Intralipid group (IL‐TPN, no chow), an Omegaven group (OV‐TPN, no chow), or a chow only group (without JVC). Both TPN elicite higher abundance of lipopolysaccharide binding protein in the liver, but only IL‐TPN increases interleukin‐6 and interferon‐γ, while OV‐TPN reduces interleukin‐4, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and interleukin‐1α. Insulin plasma concentrations are higher in both TPN, while glucagon and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) were higher in IL‐TPN. Gluconeogenesis is increased in IL‐TPN and the nuclear profile of key metabolic transcription factors shows a liver‐protective phenotype in OV‐TPN. OV‐TPN increases insulin sensitivity in the liver and skeletal muscle.ConclusionOV‐TPN as opposed to IL‐TPN mitigates inflammation in the liver and reduces the negative metabolic effects of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia by “re‐sensitizing” the liver and skeletal muscle to insulin.
Misinterpretation of velocity pull‐ups caused by high‐velocity infill of tunnel valleys in the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Frahm Laura , Hübscher Christian , Warwel Arne , Preine Jonas , Huster Hendrik 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTIn this study, we undertake a renewed investigation of up‐bent reflections seen in seismic time sections from the Baltic Sea, Bay of Kiel. These warped reflections stretch over the entire vertical extent of the sections, from Permian to Quaternary strata, and underlie tunnel valleys. Previous studies interpreted these structures as anticlines, explaining them together with adjacent faults and disrupted strata as the consequence of ice‐load‐induced salt tectonics. This conclusion would have influenced theories on how tunnel valleys formed. However, well data from tunnel valleys in other regions supported the interpretation of the up‐bent reflections as imaging artefacts (pull‐ups). A newly acquired long‐offset, multichannel seismic data set images all strata from Base Zechstein up to the seafloor. Owing to the length of the streamer and a shallow water depth, the data display significant moveout and refracted waves, allowing the application of different quantitative methods to investigate velocities. By generating partial‐offset sections, we reveal an offset dependence in the imaging of the up‐bent structures caused by a local, near‐surface high‐velocity zone. This also explains a smoothing of the up‐bending with depth in the seismic image. A velocity model gained by a travel‐time tomography shows positive velocity anomalies in the upper strata correlating with tunnel valleys resolved in the reflection images. A pre‐stack depth migration performed with a velocity model containing a high‐velocity zone results in a seismic image almost free of the observed up‐bent reflections. High‐frequency reflection seismic data confirm this result as it shows a detailed image of a tunnel valley with a phase‐reversed bottom reflection caused by the velocity inversion at the base of the high‐velocity valley fill deposits. Hence, there is consistent evidence that all up‐bent reflections in the Bay of Kiel are imaging artefacts (pull‐ups) that formed beneath tunnel valleys. A salt tectonic control on tunnel valley evolution is, consequently, not likely. This study is the first purely seismic data‐driven study that proves high‐velocity valley fill deposits. Our findings imply that extra care must be taken when interpreting reflection undulations as tectonic features where glacial deposits are present.
Does Bariatric Binge‐Eating Size Matter? Conceptual Model and Empirical Support
Authors: Ivezaj Valentina , Lydecker Janet A. , Wiedemann Ashley A. , Duffy Andrew J. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveBariatric surgery affects the quantity of food individuals can eat, yet some individuals still experience loss of control (LOC) while eating. This cross‐sectional study examined a new classification system for binge/LOC eating following bariatric surgery.MethodsA total of 168 individuals who underwent bariatric surgery 6 months earlier and reported LOC eating were administered the Eating Disorder Examination–Bariatric Surgery Version interview and self‐report measures of depressive symptoms, functional impairment, and physical and mental health‐related quality of life. Three groups were created based on the largest LOC‐eating episode determined by the Eating Disorder Examination–Bariatric Surgery Version interview as follows: (1) “traditional” objective binge‐eating episodes, defined as eating unusually large quantities of food while having LOC; (2) “bariatric‐objective binge eating,” meaning unusually large quantities for postsurgical bariatric patients with LOC; and (3) “bariatric‐subjective binge eating,” meaning small quantities of food with LOC after surgery.ResultsIn total, 75% (n = 126) met criteria for the bariatric‐objective binge episodes group, 10% (n = 17) met criteria for the traditional objective binge‐eating group, and 15% (n = 25) met criteria for the bariatric‐subjective binge episodes group. The three groups differed significantly, with a graded pattern by binge size, in global eating‐disorder psychopathology, depressive symptoms, and functional impairment but not quality of life.ConclusionsThese findings provide empirical support for a new classification system for bariatric binge/LOC eating. Binge size was associated with distinct psychopathology. Longitudinal follow‐up is needed to ascertain effects on clinical outcomes.
Different Expression of Duodenal Genes Related to Insulin Resistance Between Nonobese Women and Those with Severe Obesity
Authors: Ho‐Plagaro Ailec , Santiago‐Fernandez Concepción , Rodríguez‐Díaz Cristina , Lopez‐Gómez Carlos , Garcia‐Serrano Sara , Rodríguez‐Pacheco Francisca , Valdes Sergio , Rodríguez‐Cañete Alberto , Alcaín‐Martínez Guillermo , Ruiz‐Santana Natalia , Vázquez‐Pedreño Luis , García‐Fuentes Eduardo 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThe study aim was to identify changes in duodenal gene expression associated with the development of insulin resistance according to the BMI of women.MethodsDuodenal samples were assessed by microarray in four groups of women, nonobese women and women with severe obesity, with both low and high insulin resistance.ResultsThere was a group of shared downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to tissue homeostasis and antimicrobial humoral response in women with higher insulin resistance both with severe obesity and without obesity. In the exclusive DEGs found in severe obesity, downregulated DEGs related to the regulation of the defense response to bacterium and cell adhesion, involving pathways related to the immune system, inflammation, and xenobiotic metabolism, were observed. In the exclusive DEGs from nonobese women with higher insulin resistance, upregulated DEGs mainly related to the regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity, very low‐density lipoprotein particle remodeling, lipid metabolic process, antigen processing, and the presentation of peptide antigen were found.ConclusionsIndependent of BMI, higher insulin resistance was associated with a downregulation of duodenal DEGs mainly related to the immune system, inflammation, and xenobiotic metabolism. Also, intestinal lipoprotein metabolism may have a certain relevance in the regulation of insulin resistance in nonobese women.
Stability and reachability analysis for a controlled heterogeneous population of cells
Authors: Carrère Cécile , Zidani Hasnaa 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article is devoted to the study of a controlled population of cells. The modeling of the problem leads to a mathematical formulation of stability and reachability properties of some controlled systems under uncertainties. We use the Hamilton‐Jacobi approach to address these problems and to design a numerical method that we analyze on several numerical simulations.
A Metallosupramolecular Coordination Polymer for the ‘Turn‐on’ Fluorescence Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Hatai Joydev , Hirschhäuser Christoph , Schmuck Carsten , Niemeyer Jochen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA coumarin based probe for the efficient detection of hydrogen sulfide in aqueous medium is reported. The investigated coumarine‐based derivative forms spherical nanoparticles in aqueous media. In presence of Pd2+, a metallosupramolecular coordination polymer is formed, which is accompanied by quenching of the coumarin emission at 390 nm. Its Pd2+ complex could be used as a probe for chemoselective detection of monohydrogensulfide (HS−). Presence of HS− leads to a'turn‐on' fluorescence signal, resulting from decomplexation of Pd2+ from the metallosupramolecular probe. The probe was successfully applied for qualitative and quantitative detection of HS− in different sources of water directly collected from sea, river, tap and laboratory drain water, as well as in growth media for aquatic species.
Mechanical response and critical failure mechanism characterization of notched carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminate subjected to tensile loading
Authors: Wang Changzi , Yao Lu , He Wentao , Cui Xiaofei , Xie De , Lu Shaojia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to investigate the mechanical responses and critical failure mechanisms of notched composite laminates with the aid of numerical and experimental approaches, considering the effect of notch geometry, notch size and off‐axis angle. Quasi‐static tensile tests are implemented to study the influence of design variables on the mechanical response, during which the relationship of force vs displacement and strain distributions are collected by means of digital image correlation technique. Subsequently, the numerical simulation is implemented in ABAQUS/Explicit through a progressive damage model integrated with a VUMAT subroutine. Meanwhile, the initiation and propagation of damage are explored through the damage morphologies, combining with the logarithmic strain components from numerical predictions. Results show that notch strength and failure strain are more closely associated with off‐axis angle and notch size compared with notch geometry. In addition, with the increase of off‐axis angle, the contribution of fiber is increasingly weakened, the damage mode gradually varies from fiber fracture to pull out accompanied with the damage near the notch changing from fiber fracture to delamination. Meanwhile, the critical failure mechanism varies from tension dominated to tension‐shear/shear dominated as the off‐axis angle grows larger.
Nondestructive automated workflow for analyzing diverse leaf morphologies using computed tomography
Authors: Kuo Nathanael , Hahne Nadeau , Iwaskiw Alex , Stone William , Wu Susan , Yang Kimberly , Timm Collin M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAutomated plant analysis methods can inform basic and applied plant research. Computed tomography (CT) has been used to image plants in canopies and individual plants; however this method is underutilized for dynamic analysis of plant growth. In this work we present a workflow and associated algorithm to nondestructively extract leaf area from 120 individual CT scans for plants with flat [soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.], textured (tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.), and grassy (wheat, Triticum aestivum L.) leaves. Under low water conditions, we see significant changes in leaf area depending on leaf type. This work enables future automated phenotyping using CT scanning of whole plants.