bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrodeposition of Cobalt in a Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquid Under a Magnetic Field
Authors: Manjum Marjanul , Serizawa Nobuyuki , Katayama Yasushi 
Published: December 2020

Cobalt (Co) is well-known as a hard-magnetic material for its tailorable magnetic properties. Nowadays, a pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid, composed of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium (BMP+) and bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)amide (TFSA–), has drawn more attention for the electrodeposition of various transition metals because of its wide electrochemical potential window, acceptable ionic conductivity, and high stability against moisture. Although the redox reaction of Co species has been reported in BMPTFSA, the electrochemical behavior of Co species under a magnetic field has not been explored in this ionic liquid.1-3 In this study, the electrodeposition of Co has been performed in BMPTFSA under a static magnetic field.
Co(TFSA)2 was prepared by the reaction of CoCO3 with HTFSA. A Teflon made, double compartment cell was used for the electrochemical measurements using a glassy carbon (GC) as a working electrode, a platinum mesh as a counter electrode, and a silver wire immersed in BMPTFSA containing 0.1 M AgCF3SO3 as a reference electrode. A neodymium magnet (NdFeB) was attached to the back of the GC electrode. The diameter of the magnet was 6 mm and the magnetic flux density was 530 mT.
Potentiostatic cathodic reduction applying –1.6 and –2.0 V was conducted under the magnetic field in BMPTFSA containing Co(TFSA)2 at 25 °C. Nanowire-shaped deposits were obtained on the GC electrode after the electrodeposition at both potentials. The presence of Co in the deposits was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. However, no diffraction peak was observed in the deposits by X-ray diffraction. The deposits were further examined by transmission electron microscopy. The lattice fringe corresponding to (111) plane of Co was found in the deposits, indicating the deposits were composed of metallic Co nanoparticles.

References
(1) R. Fukui, Y. Katayama, and T. Miura, Electrochemistry, 73, 567 (2005).
(2) Y. Katayama, R. Fukui, and T. Miura, J. Electrochem. Soc., 154, D534 (2007).
(3) Y. Katayama, R. Fukui, and T. Miura, Electrochemistry, 81, 532 (2013).
Rational Design of Electrolyte and Interphase Formation for Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Deng Tao , Zhang Ji-Guang , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: December 2020

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) using inorganic solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are widely regarded as the next-generation energy storage system, which may replace the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries with flammable organic electrolytes. However, the interfacial issues, including large interfacial resistance and dendrite generation, have always frustrated the development of high-energy SSBs. For the first time, we report that infusing the garnet-type Li-ion solid electrolytes (GSEs) with air-stable electrolyte Li3PO4 (LPO) dramatically reduces the interfacial resistance to ~1 Ω cm2 on anode side and achieves a high critical current density of 2.2 mA cm-2 under ambient condition due to enhanced interfacial stability to Li metal anode. The coated and infused LPO electrolytes not only improve the mechanical strength and Li-ion conductivity of grain boundaries, but also form a stable LPO-derived solid-electrolyte interphase between Li metal and GSEs, which eliminates the Li dendrites growth and prevents the direct reduction of GSEs by Li metal over a long cycle life.
Relying on the gained interface mechanisms, we further designed a new type of low-temperature beta-alumina solid electrolyte-based Na metal battery which has low interfacial impedance and extremely high critical current density for fast charging and discharging, outperforming all other types of solid or semi-solid state batteries to date. Overall, the interface engineering approaches together with grain-boundary modification on SSEs represent the promising strategy to revolutionize the electrode-electrolyte interface chemistry for SSBs and provides new design strategy for other-types of solid-state batteries.

References:

[1] T. Deng, X. Ji, Y. Zhao, L. Cao, S. Li, S. Hwang, C. Luo, P. Wang, H. Jia, X. Fan, X. Lu, D. Su, X. Sun, C. Wang, J.-G. Zhang, Tuning the anode-electrolyte interface chemistry for garnet-based solid-state Li metal batteries.
Adv. Mater.
, (2020), 2000030.
[2] T. Deng, X. Ji, H. Chang, L. Zou, X. Fan, L. Cao, H. Wang, B. Li, X. Li, C. Wang, D. Reed, J.-G. Zhang, V. Sprenkle, C. Wang, X. Lu, in revision.
Enhanced Performance of All-Solid-State Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Tanaka Ayumu , Tsunoda Kei , Ikejiri Junich , Yamauchi Hideo , Sato Fumio , Sakamoto Taichi , Ikeuchi Yuuta , Tanaka Hideaki , Senoh Hiroshi , Honma Tsuyoshi , Komatsu Takayuki 
Published: December 2020

All-solid-state Na-ion batteries (Na-ASSBs) with an oxide solid electrolyte have been successfully developed using crystallized glass as the cathode active material. Melt flow during the crystallization of the precursor glass enables the cathode to be integrated with a solid electrolyte. Such a effectively integrated cathode/solid electrolyte shows excellent battery performance and high cycling stability.
All-solid-state batteries with an oxide solid electrolyte are more thermally stable and safer than conventional lithium-ion batteries with an organic liquid electrolyte. In addition, owing to the use of Na, which is abundant natural resources, Na-ASSBs can be manufactured stably without the risk of resource shortage. Therefore, we believe that Na-ASSBs are among the most promising next-generation energy storages with high safety and large capacity. β”-alumina is a common oxide solid electrolyte with high ion conductivity comparable to the organic liquid electrolyte. If β”-alumina can replace organic electrolytes, safer Na-ASSBs operating over a wide temperature range can be fabricated. However, it is difficult to establish effective contact between the cathode material and the oxide solid electrolyte.
In this work, we focused on Na-ASSBs using Na2FeP2O7 crystallized glass as the cathode. [1,2] Na2O-Fe2O3-P2O5 precursor glass powder, β”-alumina powder, and acetylene black were mixed to prepare a cathode mixture, which was applied on a β”-alumina substrate, followed by heating to sinter and crystallize the glass. As a result, the solid electrolyte and cathode were successfully integrated. Then, Na metal was attached to the counter side as the anode. The Na-ASSB with such effective integration showed rapid charge/discharge performance (10C) even at room temperature, which in turn enabled the motor to be operated at room temperature (Fig. 1). Furthermore, the cycle performance test at 10C rate and 30°C showed that the capacity retention after 1000 cycles was 94%. The excellent battery performances allow for the practical application of Na-ASSBs. This presentation will focus on the performance of Na-ASSBs and the manner in which it can be realized.

References

[1] T. Honma et al., J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 120 (2012) 344-346.
[2] T. Honma et al., J. Power Sources 227 (2013) 31-34.
[3] H. Yamauchi et al., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 102 (2019) 6658-6667.
[4] H. Yamauchi et al., (In press). Enhanced rate capabilities in a glass-ceramic-derived sodium all-solid-state battery. Sci. Rep.

Figure 1
Electroanalytical Characterization of the Interphase between the Solid Electrolyte Lipon and Li Metal
Authors: Westover Andrew S , Sacci Robert , Dudney Nancy J. 
Published: December 2020

Solid-state electrolytes have the potential to enable high energy density batteries with Li metal anodes. The interphase between the Li metal and the electrolyte is one key to realizing Li metal anodes. One of the most successful solid-state electrolytes is lithium phosphorus oxynitride or Lipon which enables thin film Li metal batteries with high cycle life, energy density and power density. Despite its success, the interphase has not been well characterized. In this study we present a careful electroanalytical characterization of the Li metal-Lipon interphase formation. This interphase forms when Li first contacts the solid electrolyte. Using a Li metal/Lipon/Ni foil cells we determine that less than 5.0 ± 0.8 nm of Li is lost when it first contacts Li metal forming the interphase. Assuming all this Li is lost to the formation of a dense interphase, the thickness would be ~4.7 nm. We also show that this technique can be utilized to characterize the interphase that forms between Li metal and a variety of solid-state electrolytes.
This work was supported by the ARPA-E IONICS program, U.S. Department of Energy, award DE-AR0000775 and the U.S. Department of Energy Vehicle Technology Office US-German research program
Fabrication and Evaluation of an Anode-Supported Honeycomb SOFC with Built-in Catalytic Partial Oxidation Micro-Reformer
Authors: Higa Tasuku , Nakajima Hironori 
Published: December 2020

Honeycomb solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can achieve high power density with improved thermo-mechanical durability at high temperatures [1]. In this study, a compact SOFC with catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reforming catalyst [2, 3] embedded in the flow channels of the porous honeycomb anode support was fabricated and evaluated. I-V measurements and gas chromatography analyses for the outlet gas were carried out while methane/air mixture gas was fed as fuel. The gas chromatograph detected hydrogen in the reformed gas. Temperature distribution in the cell was also measured.
Acknowledgments
The authors are indebted to Professor Kohei Ito of Kyushu University for valuable discussions.
References

H. Nakajima, S. Murakami, S. Ikeda, and T. Kitahara, Heat and Mass Transfer, 54, 2545 (2018).

A. J. Santis-Alvarez, M. Nabavi, B. Jiang, T. Maeder, P. Muralt, and D. Poulikakos, Chemical Engineering Science 84, 469 (2012).

W. Matsunaka, H. Nakajima, A. J. Santis-Alvarez, D. Poulikakos, and K. Ito, The Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch, The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 71, F21, 2018.
Niobium-Zirconium Oxynitride Nanotube Arrays Forphotoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: E. Salem Kholoud , Khaled Abdelrahman M. Mokhtar , Abdelhafiz Ali , K. Allam Nageh 
Published: December 2020

We report on the first fabrication of vertically oriented niobium-zirconium oxynitride nanotube arrays and their use
as an attractive and robust material for visible-light-driven water oxidation. These nanotube arrays with an average diameter of ∼120
nm and very short length ∼90 nm were synthesized via one-step anodization of Nb-Zr alloy sheet in NH4F-containing electrolytes.
Ammonolysis of the nanotubes resulted in narrowing the bandgap energy from 3.23 to ∼2.67 eV. The Nb-Zr oxynitride nanotube
arrays showed approximately an enhancement of about 1900% over that reported for thin film electrodes made of niobium
oxynitride and 3700% greater than that recorded for nitrogen-doped mesoporous Nb2O5. Mott-Schottky and the valence band XPS
analyses revealed the favorable band positions of the fabricated oxynitride nanotubes with respect to the water redox potentials with
very high charge carriers density. The photocurrent transient measurements revealed the remarkable stability of the fabricated
oxynitride nanotubes.
Development of PPO-SEBS Anion Exchange Membrane with Robust Mechanical Properties and Alkaline Stability
Authors: Kim Tae-Hyun , Sung Seounghwa 
Published: December 2020

The anion exchange membrane fuel cell is being studied as an alternative for the cation exchange membrane fuel cell. Since the anion exchange membrane is one of the main components of an anion exchange membrane fuel cell, it is important to develop an anion exchange membrane having high ion conductivity, good mechanical properties, and stability under alkaline conditions.
For this, this study attempted to develop AEMs with high physicochemical stability and excellent cell performance by preparing a crosslinked membrane using two polymers of PPO having high strength and SEBS having high elasticity among commercially available polymers. We observed changes in physical and chemical properties by changing the crosslinking density of the two polymers.
Development of a Novel Evaluation System of Tip Growth for Antifungal Compounds with the Use of Candida Albicans
Authors: Koyama Naho , Iida Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2020

Mycosis is an infection to human caused by fungi, such as mold and yeast. Among mycosis, deep mycosis which infects organs and tissues, has become a particularly serious problem. To treat those deep mycosis, chemotherapy with antifungal agents is used. However, the types of antifungals are few and the treatment options are limited. Since fungi and humans have similar cell structures, existing antifungal agents have also been reported to have side effects on humans. Furthermore, the emergence of resistant fungi has become a problem due to the long-term use of the drug.
From those problems, development of an antifungal agent having a new mechanism of action is required.
Therefore, our laboratory focused on tip growth, a growth method specific to fungi. Tip growth elongates the cell by repeating the decomposition and synthesis of the cell wall (β-1,3-D-Glucan). It has been reported that the cell wall-degrading enzyme β-1,3-D-Glucanase (BGL2) involved in this tip growth is vesicular transported from the inside of the cell to the growth point. We consider that targeting vesicle transport during tip growth will provide selective toxicity to fungi. The purpose of this study is to develop novel antifungal agents targeting vesicle transport during fungal tip growth. An evaluation system for visualizing vesicle transport was constructed by fusing green fluorescent protein GFP downstream of BGL2 to be transported to the growth point by expression of the protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (the results of the localization were shown in Fig.1).
Using this evaluation system, vesicle transport inhibitory activity was screened for 100 kind herbal medicine extract. As a result, vesicle transport inhibitory activity was observed in 8 types.
In addition, we attempted to construct a similar evaluation system using Candida albicans and aimed to evaluate fungi that form hyphae that cause actual mycosis.
Fig.1 Confocal laser scanning microscope image of an evaluation system for antifungal compounds using S. cerevisiae.
(a) Localization of BGL2-EmGFP to growth point.
(b) Localization of BGL2-EmGFP to the division site.
(C) Intracellular distribution of BGL2-EmGFP treated with vesicle transport inhibitor.

Figure 1
Selective Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide on Transition Metal Single Atom Coordination
Authors: Jiang Kun 
Published: December 2020

Molecular O2 can be electrochemically reduced to H2O via a 4e– pathway, or H2O2 with 2e– transferred in aqueous solutions. The former pathway is preferred in fuel cell applications to maximize the energy conversion efficiencies, and the latter one represents a green synthetic method for H2O2.
Here, through a flexible control of ORR pathways on different transition metal single atom coordination in carbon nanotube (CNT) support (M-CNT, M = Fe, Pd, Co, and Mn), we discovered Fe-CNT as the state-of-the-art H2O2 generation catalyst, with an early onset of 0.822 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M KOH to deliver a 0.1 mA cm-2 H2O2 current, and a high H2O2 selectivity of above 95% in both alkaline and neutral pH. A wide range tuning of 2e–/4e– ORR pathways was achieved via different transition metal centers or neighboring metalloid coordination. By the synergistic investigation of operando spectroelectrochemistry and density functional theory calculations, Fe-C-O motifs, in a sharp contrast to the well-known Fe-C-N for 4e– ORR, are identified to be responsible for the selective H2O2 pathway. This high-performance iron single atom catalyst demonstrated an effective water disinfection as a representative application of electrochemical synthesis of H2O2.
Magnetic Chemistry and Its Possible Applications in Analytical Spectroscopy and Related Fields
Authors: Burns Matthew 
Published: December 2020

Developments in chemistry have stemmed from applying principles from other fields that develops into a field itself. Magnetism applied to chemistry - Magnetic chemistry is one of them. Taking electrochemistry that uses an electric field/current inducing a reaction that doesn’t occur in natural conditions; magnetic chemistry uses a magnetic field inducing conditions and possibly reactions.
Three areas are discussed; principles involved, results from using a magnetic field on hydrocarbon fuels, and possible implements in analytical spectroscopy. Starting on how Faraday’s Induction Law is used in altering compound properties. Then, discussing paramagnetism/diamagnetism of atoms/compounds emphasizing diamagnetic compounds, then on intermolecular forces emphasizing on cohesive forces and pseudo structures formed (“clustering”) then discussing quantum principles - emphasizing electron coupling interactions focusing on angular momenta, spin-orbit interaction, and Zeeman Effect.
Then, showing results of how applying a magnetic field alters hydrocarbon fuels properties. Explaining how it reduces the “clustering” of molecules, surface tension, viscosity, pollution and increasing volatility and efficiency. Then explaining how an applied field affects the molecules emphasizing on how increasing field strength increases affects and mentioning on how it actually enhances infrared and UV-Vis spectra.
Then discussing how the results can be applied to analytical spectroscopy. The increased volatility can improve atomization/nebulization for ICP and GC, thus more target compounds analyzed with less waste reducing need for derivatizing agents. Spectra enhancement for spectra signals that are very weak in infrared and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Reducing mobile phase surface tension/viscosity thus conditions (flow rate, etc.) better adjusted for HPLC. Then showing how a NMR field can be used to do this.
Concluding, magnetic chemistry can be utilized to change properties/conditions of compounds and possibly induce reactions. By discussing underlying principles involved; Induction Law, paramagnetism, diamagnetism, intermolecular forces, and quantum principles, explaining how it occurs and results on applying a magnetic field to hydrocarbon fuels which has possible uses in analytical spectroscopy.
Degradation Processes in Pt Single Atom and Pt Nanoparticulated Electroatalysts
Authors: Speck Florian Dominik , Paul Michael T. Y. , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Zepeda Francisco Ruiz , Gatalo Matija , Hodnik Nejc , Choi Changhyuck , Cherevko Serhiy 
Published: December 2020

Single atom catalysts (SACs) have quickly emerged as a new class of catalytic materials. When confronted with classical carbon supported nanoparticulated (NP) catalysts (Pt/C), SACs are often claimed to have superior electrocatalytic properties, e.g. stability. SACs possess the highest possible mass specific activity as compared to conventional NP catalysts. Therefore, the use of SACs is especially attractive for applications where noble metal catalysts are required. The enhanced mass activity can aid in reducing the metal loading, and thus the cost of these systems. On the other hand, however, decrease in noble metals loading may lead to stability issues, which are relatively unexplored till now.
In this study, the stability of high sulphur containing carbon supported Pt SACs is investigated using different accelerated stress protocols (ASTs). The amount of dissolved Pt and S is directly measured with on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (on-line ICPMS). The morphological, compositional and chemical changes of the catalyst is also monitored by identical location transmission electron microscopy (IL-TEM) and X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopies (XPS and XAS) before and after the ASTs. For the sake of comparison, traditional NP Pt/C catalyst is studied too. The results indicate that the main degradation processes in SACs and nanoparticulated Pt/C are different. For SACs, dissolution of S is identified as the main cause of degradation. It is concluded that, in case catalysts with improved anodic stability are desired, more robust ligands must be used.
Various Effects of Alkali Metal Ions on H2O2 Reduction Reactions at Pt Electrodes
Authors: Mukouyama Yoshiharu , Okada Haruki 
Published: December 2020

The hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction (HPRR) has attracted much attention because it is involved in the oxygen reduction reaction which is an important cathode reaction in several fuel cell systems. Pt has an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the HPRR. Thus, the HPRR at Pt electrodes has been widely studied including effects of electrolyte components and additives on it.
Katsounaros and Mayrhofer have reported that alkali metal cations such as Li+, Na+, and K+ inhibit the HPRR in basic media [1]. The hydrated alkali metal cations and chemisorbed OH species on Pt, denoted as M+(H2O)
x
and OHads respectively, non-covalently stabilize each other, leading to the formation of quasi-specifically adsorbed hydrated metal ion clusters that blocks electrochemical reactions. The inhibition becomes stronger as the strength of the non-covalent interaction increases (K+ < Na+ < Li+), and consequently the rest potential decreases in this order, as reproduced in Figure 1a.
We have recently found that the HPRR in strongly acidic media is also affected by the alkali metal ions. As shown in Figure 1b, the HPRR is inhibited at U < 0.7 V in the presence of the ions. This indicates that the alkali metal ions inhibit the transport of electroactive species, namely, H+ and H2O2, toward the electrode surface. The HPRR current becomes smaller (in absolute value) in the following order: Li+ < Na+ < K+, that is, the inhibition becomes stronger in the reverse order of the strength of the non-covalent interaction. In this work, to explain this inhibition, we study the HPRR by electrochemical impedance method.
Interestingly, the metal ions induce a significance increase in the local pH at the electrode surface (pHs) during the HPRR when the concentration of H2O2 is relatively high, that is, when the HPRR consumes a large amount of H+ [2]. For instance, the pHs becomes strongly basic when 0.01 M H2SO4 + 0.05 M H2O2 + 0.05 M M2SO4 (where M stands for Li, Na, and K) is used as the electrolyte solution. We thus think that the non-covalent interaction can be induced during the HPRR even in the acidic media. Note that the pHs remains acidic in the case of Figure 1b because of the lower concentration of H2O2. In this work, we summarize the above-mentioned effects of the alkali metal ions on the HPRR.

REFERENCES

[1] I. Katsounaros and K. J. J. Mayrhofer, Chem. Commun., 48, 6660-6662 (2012).
[2] Y. Mukouyama, H. Kawasaki, D. Hara, Y. Yamada, S. Nakanishi, J. Electrochem. Soc.,
164 (2017) H675.

FIGURE CAPTION

Figure 1. The current (I) – potential (E) curves for a Pt-plate electrode in basic and acidic solutions measured under potential controlled conditions at a scan rate of 0.01 Vs-1. The basic solutions are 0.05 M alkali hydroxide (denoted as MOH) + 0.01 M H2O2, and the acidic ones are 0.05 M H2SO4 + 0.01 M H2O2 with or without 0.05 M alkali sulfate (denoted as M2SO4).

Figure 1