bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The STRIVE Initiative: A Resident-Led Mentorship Framework for Underrepresented Minority Medical Students
Authors: Youmans Quentin R. , Adrissi Jennifer A. , Akhetuamhen Adesuwa , Gates Khalilah L. , Didwania Aashish K. , Wayne Diane B. , Suleiman Linda I. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Underrepresented minority (URM) trainees face unique challenges in academic medicine. Near-peer mentorship is an under-described method to support URM trainees.

Objective
We created and evaluated the Student to Resident Institutional Vehicle for Excellence (STRIVE) program in a large urban medical school and associated residency programs.

Methods
All URM residents were invited to participate in the STRIVE mentorship program consisting of 3 pillars of programming: medical school curriculum review sessions, panel discussions, and social events for medical students. The program was evaluated through participation rates and a 7-item survey delivered in May 2019 after 3 years of implementation.

Results
The STRIVE initiative conducted 25 events. Thirty-five of 151 eligible (23%) URM residents participated as mentors for an average of 50 of 110 eligible (45%) URM medical students annually. Resident mentors participated for an average of 3 to 4 hours each year. Twenty of 32 eligible resident mentors (63%) completed the survey. Ninety-five percent (19 of 20) of survey respondents agreed that STRIVE made them a better mentor; 90% (18 of 20) reported that they would have appreciated an equivalent program during their medical school training; and 75% (15 of 20) agreed that the program helped them address the challenges of underrepresentation in medicine.

Conclusions
Over a 3-year period, STRIVE required a modest amount of resident time and was valued by the URM residents and medical students who participated in the program.
Spol in jezik na robu pameti: Med slovnico in ideologijo
Authors: Šorli Mojca 
Published: January 2020

Pričujoče besedilo je povzemanje in analiza javne razprave, do katere je prišlo po sprejetju 41. sklepa Senata Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani z dne 25. aprila 2018 o novi spolni dikciji v fakultetnih pravilnikih in ki je nato ob zanimanju medijev potekala več mesecev, vrhunec pa dosegla pred približno enim letom, 23. oktobra 2018, na Okrogli mizi Jezik in spol na Filozofski fakulteti UL. Obenem je ob ponovnem vrednotenju izraženih stališč z nekoliko časovne distance prispevek poskus nadaljevanja razprave o spolnih kategorijah in ospoljenih identitetah ter androcentričnosti v jeziku. Poleg osvetlitve teoretskega ozadja, ki je (ali bi moralo biti) gonilo razprave, smo opravili tudi preprosto statistično analizo odzivov glede na zastopanost v medijih in zastopanost po spolu. V kvalitativnem delu analize nas je zanimalo predvsem, katere strokovne in ideološke (navidezne) opozicije so napajale posamezne retorike in diskurze, ki so obarvali razpravo.
Assurance oblige!
Authors: Tromp J.M. 
Published: January 2020

Assurance oblige!
Als jonge kinderen ernstig en blijvend letsel oplopen, lijdt het hele gezin schade. Herstelgericht schaderegelen is dan aan de orde. Daar ligt een taak voor verzekeraars, met name ten aanzien van de zorgschade. Een voorbeeld zal worden uitgewerkt. Praktische problemen genoeg. Een nieuw dilemma dient zich aan: regelen of openhouden?
Ethical guidelines for mediators – the Austrian status quo
Authors: Grill Anne-Karin 
Published: January 2020

Ethical guidelines for mediators – the Austrian status quo
The Austrian mediation landscape is quite inhomogeneous, with no universally applicable framework in place to safeguard best practice standards in mediation. Any commitment of mediators to codes of conduct or ethical guidelines occurs on an entirely voluntary basis. Control mechanisms exist in the form of complaint bodies instituted at the level of Austrian mediation associations.
Å tenke med havet: Et maritimt perspektiv på jernalderlandskapet mellom Buksnesfjorden og Borg på Vestvågøy i Lofoten
Authors: Fredriksen Caroline 
Published: January 2020

The sea as a point of view: A maritime approach to the Iron Age landscape in Vestvågøy, Norway. Vestvågøy, an island in the Lofoten archipelago, is well known in Scandinavian archaeology due to two massive Iron Age buildings at the Borg farm. Borg has been a popular subject for Iron Age research. Research has mainly focused on agricultural aspects of the Iron Age society on Vestvågøy. Nevertheless, a large number of Iron Age graves are located on islets and headlands. These are not often considered in earlier contributions. In this paper, I explore how a maritime perspective can contribute to a new understanding of Iron Age Vestvågøy. The main premise is that the presence of the sea affects how people structure their landscapes. I view the Iron Age sites and the landscape from the sea: the main transport route in prehistoric coastal Norway. Although interpreted as a central place, Borg is located by a hidden bay north on the island, excluded from maritime communication lines. While some researchers suggest that the Buksnesfjord area was the location for another central place, the layout of the Buksnesfjord area differs from Borg. Through a GIS-based quantitative spatial study of Iron Age graves, I outline an alternative view of the Iron Age landscape.
How Malaria is Practically Eradicated in Malaysia – A Reminiscence
Authors: M. Meer Ahmad A. 
Published: January 2020

In 2010, 99 countries reported current malaria transmission, causing an estimated 219 million cases and 660,000 deaths, the deaths mostly in young children in Africa. In Malaysia, the country started on a Malaria Eradication Programme, MEP, in the third quarter of the past century. The MEP here is very much a success in the reason that the current rate (incidence) is very low, sporadic cases in Kelantan, Selangor, Pahang, Perak and Sarawak (mostly immigrants, imported-cases and illegal-loggers) - the disease practically eradicated except in Sabah where the disease remains endemic in the interior, although here much of monkey-malaria (P. knowlesi) spread to human. Vector-control played a big part in the MEP - the Anopheles spp breed in a wide variety of habitat depending on the species: drains and open pools of water (including seepage rain-water) had to be regularly and routinely sprayed with oil, and large unused-pools drained. But, much had been achieved by residual-spraying of homes with insecticide, and the use of mosquito-net. Residual-spraying is a big success in the reason that the Anopheles spp habitually settle (rest) on the walls after flying over to homes before starting on feeding. Residual-spraying only requires done from time to time by a team of workers. Additional protection, achieved through community-education are: wearing fully covering light-coloured clothes in the evenings. Presently, mosquito-repellents can help - but these were unavailable in the MEP time. Chemoprophylaxis (i.e. the anti-malarial drugs) should be advised for those travelling to and through the endemic area. Armed-forces and Police-personnel were by regulation required to take chemoprophylaxis, besides such Government work. One additional very important success measure had been Active Case Detection, ACD, and Passive Case Detection (PCD) using slide-microscope followed by prompt treatment. Such ACD & PCD reduced the size of the human-reservoir from which transmission happened.
On stability analysis of cascaded linear time varying systems in dynamic isotope experiments
Authors: Lin Weilu , Wang Zejian , Huang Mingzhi , Chu Ju , Zhuang Yingping , Zhang Siliang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe dynamic 13C labeling experiment, as an emerging experimental technique, can be utilized to quantify intracellular fluxes of the cell culture under metabolic unsteady states conditions, for example, under fed batch mode. One main disadvantage of the current dynamic isotope experiment technique is that the intracellular metabolic pools have to be at pseudo‐steady state. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, the stability issue of dynamic isotope experiments is not addressed in the literature. In this work, if one assumes that concentrations of intracellular metabolites are nonsteady, it is shown that dynamic cumomer balance equations for any metabolic network are uniformly bounded‐input and bounded‐output stable regardless of the existence of traps. It is valid under very weak conditions. Specifically, it requires that the intracellular flux and the size of intracellular pool are finite and strictly greater than zero at any time. The new finding paves the way to utilize the dynamic isotope experiment to approximately quantify intracellular fluxes and sizes of intracellular pools under intracellular metabolic nonsteady state with piecewise affine fluxes.
Fecaloma impaction and stercoral ulcer
Authors: Huang Wei‐Chen , Huang Tien‐Yu , Chen Peng‐Jen , Shih Yu‐Lueng , Chang Wei‐Kuo , Hsieh Tsai‐Yuan , Huang Hsin‐Hung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA 76‐year‐old female with a history of chronic constipation presented with progressive abdominal pain and blood‐tinged stools at the emergency room. Upon examination, the computed tomography scan revealed bowel obstruction by a huge fecaloma impaction (9 × 7 cm) with focal thickening of the colonic wall and mural enhancement over the rectum. After gently evacuating feces manually followed by enema, subsequent colonoscopy also confirmed a large stercoral ulcer (6 × 5 cm) over the rectum with diffusely edematous and friable, sloughing mucosa. With conservative treatment, her symptoms were relieved uneventfully. Her condition improved and she was discharged after receiving education about constipation management. Constipation in the elderly population is common. However, in this instance, if left untreated, massive ulcer bleeding or perforation could occur. Therefore, such cases should be evaluated with more caution in order to prevent the development of irreversible complications.
Genetic variants in toll‐like receptor 4 are associated with lack of steroid‐responsiveness in pediatric ITP patients
Authors: Kim Taylor Olmsted , Flanagan Jonathan M. , Habibi Ali , Arulselvan Abinaya , Lambert Michele P. , Grace Rachael F. , Despotovic Jenny M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough the most common front‐line therapies for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) have been in use for decades, it is still not possible to predict an individual patient's clinical course and response to therapy. Patients are managed with a trial‐and‐error approach and often suffer side effects of therapies which could have been avoided if response prediction were possible. Corticosteroids are the most frequently used upfront therapy for adults and children with ITP. Our group performed whole exome sequencing on a cohort of pediatric ITP patients, and identified two missense single nucleotide variants (SNV) in Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4). These coding variants in TLR4 had an increased frequency in Caucasian patients with poor response to upfront steroid therapy. Both TLR4 (D299G; rs4986790) and TLR4 (T399I; rs4986791) had a minor allele frequency (MAF) of 20.7% in those patients unresponsive to steroids, but were present at lower allele frequencies of 2.3% and 3.4% in responders respectively (P < .001). These findings were consistent with the trend identified in an independent cohort of pediatric ITP patients treated with corticosteroids who underwent direct genotyping for both SNVs. This study identified two candidate genetic variants in two unique cohorts of ITP patients which may contribute to steroid response and have prognostic implications for treatment response in ITP.
Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in pregnancy and risk of major birth defects in the offspring
Authors: Kerr Stephen M. , Van Bennekom Carla M. , Mitchell Allen A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine is recommended during pregnancy to protect newborns against pertussis infection in the months prior to their primary pertussis vaccination. Although research on the safety of the vaccine has been reassuring, most previous studies have considered major malformations as a single outcome, and have not examined potential risks for specific malformations.MethodsUsing data from the Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study collected between 2006 and 2015, we identified exposures to Tdap vaccine in both early and late pregnancy and examined potential risks for specific malformations. We used logistic regression models to calculate propensity score‐adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWe identified 2,357 women exposed to Tdap during pregnancy. For first trimester exposures, the risk estimate for malformations overall was 1.0 (0.7, 1.5). We had power to examine nine specific malformations and found adjusted odds ratios ranging from 0.7 to 1.3, none of which had confidence intervals that excluded 1.0. For second or third trimester exposures, we examined 15 malformations with potential late pregnancy etiology, and calculated adjusted risk estimates for nine of these. Risk estimates ranged from 0.5 to 1.9, with no lower confidence bounds that excluded 1.0.ConclusionsWe observed no evidence of appreciable risks for selected specific major malformations associated with Tdap vaccine exposure during early or late pregnancy. As pertussis remains a public health concern and Tdap vaccination levels in pregnancy remain below desired levels, these data provide further reassurance regarding the current recommendations for Tdap vaccination in pregnancy.
Photoluminescence and piezoelectric behaviour of Y2Zr2O7 pyrochlore‐based multifunctional materials and the influence of Eu3+ and Sm3+
Authors: Öztürk Esra , Karacaoglu Erkul , Kalem Volkan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractY2Zr2O7‐doped with Eu3+ and Sm3+ phosphors were prepared for the first time as multifunctional smart materials using a solid‐state reaction method at 1400oC. Thermal behaviour, crystal structure, surface morphology, and elemental analysis were characterized using thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal (DTA) analyses, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope equipped with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX). Experimental results revealed that both phosphors have a pyrochlore structure with a cubic crystal system. Photoluminescence properties were also measured and red emission was observed from Y1.90Eu0.10Zr2O7 and Y1.90Sm0.10Zr2O7 phosphors. Dielectric constant, loss tangent, piezoelectric charge constant, and Curie temperature of all the samples were determined using an LCR‐meter, d33‐meter, and TG/DTA. Eu doping in Y2Zr2O7 resulted in a high dielectric constant (9.61) and low loss tangent (1.67%) values, whereas high piezoelectric charge constant (0.68 pC/N) and high Curie temperature (820°C) could be obtained using Sm‐doped Y2Zr2O7.
Scoping review of mode of anaesthesia in emergency surgery
Authors: Morley R L , Elliott L , Rees J , Rudd S , Mouton R , Hinchliffe R J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Emergency surgery encompasses more than 50 per cent of the surgical workload; however, research efforts are disproportionally low. The mode of anaesthesia used during emergency surgery may affect outcomes, but the extent of research and the impact of the different modes of anaesthesia used are unclear.

Methods
MEDLINE and Embase were searched using scoping review methodology with a rapid systematic search strategy, identifying any study comparing locoregional (local, nerve block, subarachnoid, epidural) anaesthesia with general anaesthesia. All studies describing outcomes of emergency surgery with differing modes of anaesthesia were identified. Excluded were: studies published before 2003, studies enrolling patients aged less than 18 years and studies using sedation only.

Results
Forty-two studies were identified, describing 11 surgical procedures. Most publications were retrospective cohort studies (32). A very broad range of clinical and patient-reported outcomes were described, with wide variation in the outcomes reported in different studies.

Conclusion
Reporting of mode of anaesthesia is inconsistent across different procedures and is often absent. There is a need for directed research efforts to improve the reporting standards of anaesthesia interventions, to understand the role of different modes of anaesthesia in specific emergency surgical procedures, and to standardize outcome reporting using core outcome sets.
The interplay between stakeholders, resources and capabilities in climate change strategy: converting barriers into cooperation
Authors: Lopes de Sousa Jabbour Ana Beatriz , Vazquez‐Brust Diego , Chiappetta Jabbour Charbel José , Andriani Ribeiro Daniela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article investigates how organizations deal with drivers and barriers to the adoption of low‐carbon operational (LCO) practices and, accordingly, we propose a framework for relationships with stakeholders to guide organizations in orchestrating stakeholders, resources and capabilities to meet the challenges and opportunities arising from climate change. Data was collected through interviews with experts working within companies participating in the Carbon Disclosure Program and the Brazilian GHG Protocol Program. Our findings show that the level of willingness of stakeholders influences how companies select mechanisms to deal with drivers and barriers to LCO practices. Our results, qualified by stakeholder relationships theory and the natural resource‐based view, introduce an analytical approach called ‘mechanisms of responses’ to understand how organizations deal with drivers and barriers in the context of climate change in order to guide companies to adopt LCO practices, strengthen co‐operation with stakeholders and develop the required organizational capabilities.
Transient increase of microglial C1q expression in the circumventricular organs of adult mouse during LPS‐induced inflammation
Authors: Kawai Shintaro , Kurganov Erkin , Miyata Seiji 
Published: January 2020

The circumventricular organs (CVOs) are the brain regions that lack the blood‐brain barrier and allow free entry of blood‐derived molecules, offering specialized niche to initiate rapid and early neuroinflammatory responses in the brain. Complement component 1q (C1q) is shown to be the first recognition component of the complement pathway and has a crucial function in the brain under pathological conditions. In the present study, we found that C1q expression in CX3CR1‐positive microglia was increased in the CVOs and their neighbouring brain regions of adult mice at 1 day after a single administration of 1 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas it returned to control levels at 3 days after LPS stimulation. C1q expression was also seen to localize at synapsin‐positive presynaptic axonal terminals in various brain regions. Thus, the present study demonstrates a transient upregulation of microglial C1q expression in the CVOs and their adjacent brain regions, indicating that a transient upregulation of C1q is possibly concerned with physiological responses at early phase of brain inflammation.Significance of the StudyThe circumventricular organs (CVOs) are specialized brain regions that lack the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and initiate neuroinflammatory responses in the brains. The present study showed that the expression of complement protein C1q was highly increased in microglia of the CVOs and their adjacent brain regions. Moreover, C1q expression was observed to localize specifically at presynaptic axonal terminals in the CVOs and their neighbouring brain regions. Thus, the present study indicates that C1q is possibly correlated with physiological responses at early phase of brain inflammation.
Development and validation of a predictive score for anterograde crossing of infrapopliteal chronic total occlusions: (The Infrapop‐CTO Score)
Authors: Kokkinidis Damianos G. , Strobel Aaron , Jawaid Omar , Haider Moosa N. , Alvandi Bejan , Singh Gagan D. , Laird John R. , Waldo Stephen W. , Armstrong Ehrin J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with critical limb ischemia often have infrapopliteal (IP) chronic total occlusions (CTOs). While revascularization is indicated to prevent major amputation, anterograde crossing of these lesions can be challenging, with high failure rates.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a scoring system that can adequately predict successful anterograde crossing of infrapopliteal CTOs.Methods and ResultsA total of 213 IP CTOs (147 successfully crossed with the anterograde approach vs. 66 where anterograde crossing failed) were included in the analysis. Backwards stepwise selection (p for retention <.05) was used to create a multivariable logistic regression model for the prediction of successful anterograde crossing using variables that were found to have a p < .1 in univariate analysis. The model was internally validated with bootstrapping and demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability (C‐statistic 0.78 and Hosmer‐Lemeshow p value = .61). A point score based on the beta‐coefficient of the model variables was created, with one point assigned for presence of a noncentral (blunt) stump, one point for severe calcification at the entry site, and two points each for non‐restenotic lesions or lesion length > 200 mm. The score was shown to have an excellent discriminatory ability for successful crossing, with low scores (0–2) associated with low failure rates (10%) and high scores associated with high failure rates (79%).ConclusionsThe Infrapop‐CTO score can stratify the procedural complexity of IP CTOs based on the likelihood of successful anterograde crossing. This score may help to direct optimal approaches toward infrapopliteal revascularization of patients with critical limb ischemia.
Functional measurement error in functional regression
Authors: Jadhav Sneha , Ma Shuangge 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMeasurement error is an important problem that has not been studied very well in the context of functional data analysis. To the best of our knowledge, there are no existing methods that address the presence of functional measurement errors in generalized functional linear models. In this article, a novel approach is proposed to estimate the slope function in the presence of measurement error in the generalized functional linear model with a scalar response. This work significantly advances the existing conditional score method to accommodate the case where both the measurement error and independent variables lie in infinite dimensional spaces. Asymptotic results are established for the proposed estimate, and its behaviour is studied via simulations, where the response is continuous or binary. Analysis of Canadian Weather data highlights the practical utility of our method. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 238–258; 2020 © 2020 Statistical Society of Canada