bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of small photon field on dose distribution in transverse magnetic field: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Fu Jiaqi , Ni Cheng , Liu Yanfang , Zhou Jingjie , Fu Jie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background To investigate the effect of small photon field on dose distribution in transverse magnetic field by simulating the dose distribution on homogenous and heterogenous phantoms. Methods EGsnrc simulation was used to calculate the dose distribution of four phantoms irradiated by small photon field in transverse magnetic field B=0T , B=0.35T and B=1.5T . The photon beams were based on the phase space file of Varian Clinac_iX 6MV from the IAEA's online accelerator phase space database. The size of beams was 0.5cm×0.5cm , 1cm×1cm , 2cm×2cm and 4cm×4cm , respectively. Results In homogenous water phantom and 1.5T magnetic field, the distance of the dose build-up region decreased by 4mm compared with that without magnetic field. At the edge of the water phantom, the dose of central axis changed a 1.7% decrease in the field of 0.5cm×0.5cm to a 27% increase in the field of 4cm×4cm .The lateral profiles shifted by 1-3mm and the dose penumbra had asymmetry. In 0.35T magnetic field, the effect of magnetic field was insignificant. In water-air and water-lung phantom, the dose at the water-air and water-lung interface increased by 24.2%, 30.9%, respectively. However, at the air-water and lung-water interface, it decreased by 10.9% and 29.9% in the field of 2cm×2cm . In 0.35 T magnetic field, there was no significant change in the dose at the interface. In water-bone phantom, the dose at the water-bone interface increased. Conclusions In 1.5T magnetic field, when the field was small, the shift of lateral profile was obvious and the dose penumbra had asymmetry. At the interface of different tissue, the dose change depends on the size of the field, the strength of magnetic field and the change of tissue density. The effect of the magnetic field on the dose distribution needs to be considered during optimizing a treatment plan, to avoid dose hotspots at normal tissues.
Fluorescence labeling of a NaV1.7-targeted peptide for near-infrared nerve visualization
Authors: Gonzales Junior , Pirovano Giacomo , Chow Chun Yuen , Franca Paula Demetrio de Souza , Carter Lukas M. , Klint Julie Kaae , Guru Navjot , Lewis Jason S. , King Glenn F. , Reiner Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose Accidental peripheral nerve injury during surgical intervention results in a broad spectrum of potentially debilitating side effects. Tissue distortion and poor visibility can significantly increase the risk of nerve injury with long-lasting consequences for the patient. We developed and characterized Hs1a-FL, a fluorescent near-infrared molecule for nerve visualization in the operating theater with the aim of helping physicians to visualize nerves during surgery.Methods Hs1a was derived from the venom of the Chinese bird spider, Haplopelma schmidti , and conjugated to Cy7.5 dye. Hs1a-FL was injected intravenously in mice and harvested nerves were imaged microscopically and with epifluorescence.Results Hs1a-FL showed specific and stable binding to the sodium channel Na v 1.7, present on the surface of human and mouse nerves. Hs1a-FL allowed epifluorescence visualization of sciatic mouse nerves with favorable nerve-to-muscle contrast.Conclusions Fluorescent Na v 1.7-targeted tracers have the potential to be adopted clinically for the intraoperative visualization of peripheral nerves during surgery, providing guidance for the surgeon and potentially improving the standard of care.
Factors Associated with history of Fall among Elderly people in Southern West Bank
Authors: Natour Nihal , Jaradat Alaa , Badrasawi Manal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Elderly men and women have higher risk of fall due to various factors including malnutrition, decreased muscle mass, decreased functional capacity, cognitive impairment and depression. Among Palestinian older adults fall history yet to be studied in term of prevalence and correlates. Objective The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of fall and the differences in fallers and non-fallers among a group of Palestinian elderly living in rural areas in Southern West Bank region of Hebron. Methods The study included 142 participants from two villages: Se'ar and Bani Na'em , Hebron governance. Demographic variables and fall history was collected by a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurement were used to assess nutritional status; physical function was assessed by activity of daily living and instrumental activity of daily living, level of fitness was assessed using senior fitness test. Geriatric scale for depression was used to assess depression and Montreal cognitive assessment test was used to evaluate mild cognitive impairment. Results : 51.7% of study participants were females, the mean age 69.5± 5.7 years old. Positive fall history was present among 11.7% mostly females. Significant relationship with fall was found with larger waist and hip circumference, cognitive impairment, higher level of dependency and slower performance in time up and go (TUG) p<0.05. Conclusion Fall history has considerable prevalence among the study sample and it is correlated with nutritional status, cognitive and physical function. The findings of the study recommend educational and intervention programs to enhance the nutritional status, physical fitness and cognitive function among Palestinian elderly. Further research are needed to determine the risk factors of fall utilizing longitudinal study design and intervention studies to optimize intervention model to enhance the health status and decrease the risk of fall.
An Analysis of the Productivity of the textile and clothing industries in Cameroon
Authors: bertrand nguenda anya saturnin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the productivity of industries of the textile and clothing industry in Cameroon. The study methodology is based on the Hicks-Moorsteen productivity index measured. The data used is from the General Enterprise Survey (RGE) performed in 2009, the General survey of Operators of the Cotton, Textile and Clothing sectors (ROCTC) performed in 2014 and the Survey of the Informal Sector and Employment (EESI) carried out in 2005 and 2010. The results of the evaluation of the productivity of the textile and clothing industry reveal many findings. Firstly, textile firms of the formal sector are witnessing a fall in productivity. For the textile sub-sector, the average variation of productivity is 72.96%. Secondly, firms of the clothing industry witness an increase of 13.19% in the average productivity during the study period. Thirdly, for the informal sector, the analysis of the productivity of textile companies reveals a significant drop in productivity as a whole. In fact, the average variation of the total productivity of the factors is 47.06%, showing a fall in productivity of approximately 52.03%. In the case of companies of the clothing industry, the variation of the average productivity is 56.69%, that is to say a fall of 43.31% in productivity.
Diterpene 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide emerges non-canonical autophagic cell death in doxorubicin-resistant lung cancer
Authors: Chiu Wei-Jun , Lin Shian-Ren , Wu Chia-Jen , Lin Chun-Shu , Busa Prabhakar , Long Hui , Chen Ching-Cheng , Tseng Feng-Jen , Weng Ching Feng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The antitumor activity of HCD has been reported in numerous types of cancers. Moreover, the antitumor of HCD could also be applied in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and further act on doxorubicin-resistant (Dox-R) of NSCLC cells. The underlying anti-cancer mechanism of HCD on Dox-R versus Dox-sensitive (Dox-S) of A549 cells was under this investigation. Methods: Cytotoxicity of HCD against two cell lines (Dox-S and Dox-R) were determined via MTT assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot; and further examination of its anti-cancer efficacy in A549-bearing xenograft mice via orthotopic intratrachea (IT) inoculation. Result: Regardless sensitive and resistant to Dox, HCD could arrest both Dox-S and Dox-R cells at G 2 /M phase without altering the sub-G 1 cycle along with increasing cleaved-PARP. HCD downregulated the mTOR/Akt/PI3K-p85 and PI 3 K-ClassIII/Beclin-1 and upregulated p62/LC3-I/II expressions, further confirmed the cell autophagy after HCD-induced. Morphological observations of the mouse lung sections illustrated that fewer cancer cells accumulated around the trachea while there were less neoplastic activities found in HCD orthotopic treatment mice without liver, kidney and spleen toxicity. Conclusion: HCD exhibited the chemotherapeutic potential for lung cancer in Dox-resistant cells, suggesting natural autophagic inducer HCD provides a promising clue of new drug discovery and development for lung cancer therapy.
Exploring Nursing Students' Experiences of Blindness Simulation: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Nasrabadi Alireza Nikbakht , Malek Masoomeh , Shali Mahbobeh , Jafari Haleh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Simulation-based teaching skill is important for nurses who care for blind patients. Nurses should be able to understand their clients in order to provide them with better care. Also, better understanding of blindness enables nurses to take a more appropriate approach in dealing with blind patients and solving their problems. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of blindness simulation among a group of nursing students.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using an interpretive phenomenological method. Using purposeful sampling method, 8 participants were selected to share their experiences regarding blindness simulation through individual in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The transcribed interviews were analyzed by Diekelmann’s approach.Results: The results of data analysis resulted in three main categories and nine subcategories, which were conceptually named based on their nature. The main categories included; abandoned in the labyrinth of life, seeing with the eyes of heart, and personality alienation.Conclusions: The findings of this study provide a clear picture of students' experiences of blindness simulation. Understanding students' descriptions and perceptions of visually impaired patients in different aspects can provide valuable data in reducing and removing existing problems and planning to improve the quality of care. Therefore, improving and modifying care plan can guarantee the quality of professional services provided to patients.
Quantitative evaluation of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease by stress radiography
Authors: Kaimoto Tatsuki , Fujita Yukihiro , Kanno Nobuo , Beale Brian , Hara Yasushi , Yamaguchi Shinya 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND To establish a quantitative parameter reflecting displacement of the tibia relative to the femoral condyle in dogs with damage to the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL).ANIMALS One hundred and forty-eight client-owned dogs with intact (n=34), partial rupture (n=43), or complete rupture (n=93) of the CrCL confirmed by arthroscopy of the stifle joint.PROCEDURES The Cranial Tibial Displacement Index (CTDI) was measured on mediolateral radiographs obtained in lateral recumbency with the tarsal and stifle joints at 90° of flexion. The sensitivity and specificity of the CTDI for assessment of CrCL damage was compared with that of the cranial drawer test, tibial compression test, fat pad sign, and radiographic OA score.RESULTS The mean CTDI (mean ±SD) scores were 0.5±0.1, 0.8±0.2, and 1.2±0.3 in the groups with an intact, partially ruptured, and completely ruptured CrCL, respectively; the differences between the three study groups were statistically significant (p<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the CTDI for distinguishing damaged and intact CrCLs were 89.0%, 85.3%, 96.0%, and 65.9%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The CTDI, which quantifies cranial displacement of the tibia, could be an objective indicator reflecting the grade of CrCL damage. CrCL injury could be evaluated indirectly from the CTDI score, which may allow a minimally invasive early diagnosis of a ruptured CrCL.
Comparison of validity of Bookmark and Angoff Standard Setting Methods in Medical performance tests
Authors: afrashteh majid yousefi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction One of the main processes in evaluating of the students’ performance is standard staging to determine the passage for the test. The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of two methods of Angoff and bookmark in standard setting. Method Participants included 190 master’s students graduated in laboratory sciences since past year. Designed by a group of experts, a performance test with 32 item was used in this study to assess laboratory skills of graduates of medical laboratory sciences. Moreover, two groups of experts voluntarily participated in this study to set the cut-score. To assess the process validity, a 5-item questionnaire was asked from two groups of penists. To investigate the internal validity, the variance of the cut scores determined by the members of the two panels was compared with the F ratio. External validity was assessed by using four indices of correlation test with criterion score. Results Comparison of the two methods of Angoff and bookmarking showed that the mean of process validity indices was higher in bookmarking method. In order to assess internal validity, conclusion: Homogeneity of results and co-ordination of judges' scores were considered. Conclusion In evaluating of the external validity (concordance of the cut score with the criterion score), All five external validity indices supported the bookmark method.
Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tavakoli Ahmad , Alavian Seyed Moayed , Moghoofei Mohsen , Mostafaei Shayan , Abbasi Saeedeh , Farahmand Mohammad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an important emerging health issue in patients on hemodialysis (HD). To date, numerous studies have reported controversial findings regarding the seroprevalence of HEV among this high-risk group around the world. The aim of the present study was to estimate the overall seroprevalence of HEV in HD patients.Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar from inception to January 10, 2020 with standard keywords. Pooled seroprevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random intercept logistic regression model.Results: A total of 56 studies met the inclusion criteria compromising 9483 HD patients. The pooled seroprevalence of HEV was estimated 9.31% (95%CI: 6.83%-12.57%). The seroprevalence of HEV was increased from 6.6% between the years of 1994 and 2000 to 11.13% from the year of 2016 to 2020. Blood transfusion was associated with a nearly two-fold increase in the rate of HEV seropositivity (OR=1.99; 95%CI: 1.50-2.63, P value < 0.0001, I2=6.5%).Conclusions: Our results indicated an increased exposure of HD patients with HEV infection over the last decade. We concluded that blood transfusion, age and duration of HD are considerable risk factors for acquiring HEV infection among HD patients.
Association of RETN and TNFRSF1B polymorphisms with TNF-α inhibitor response in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Trinh Nga Thi , Kim Hyun Jeong , Kim Woorim , Kang Sang Oh , Min Kyung Hyun , Yeon Ha Rim , Kim Joo Hee , Choi In Ah , Jung Ju Yang , Kim Hyoun Ah , Lee Kyung Eun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite the improvement from the introduction of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA), TNFi therapy fails for more than 30% or results in a partial response. Thus, we aimed to explore treatment marker by examining the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with response to TNFi therapy.Method: Genes associated with RA or RA treatment were reviewed and fourteen SNPs with minor allele frequency ≥ 20% in the East Asian populations were selected and analyzed. Data were collected from 105 RA patients. Our primary endpoint was the disease activity score using 28-joint count after six months of treatment (DAS28-6month). The secondary outcomes were the subcomponents of DAS28.Results: A total of 88 patients were included in the final analyses. Among the 14 SNPs analyzed, one SNP showed statistical significance in DAS28-6month: patients with the GG allele of RETN rs1862513 had a 4.7 times higher chance of low disease activity at 6-months than GC or CC-carriers (p = 0.033), as indicated by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Rs3397 was marginally significant in univariate analysis (p=0.059), but was significant in the multivariable model (p=0.041). The final model explained 24.5% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance in DAS28-6month.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that, among the genes related to RA, SNPs in RETN and TNFRSF1B were associated with the response of TNFi treatment.
Prognostic Effect of Preoperative Apolipoprotein B Level in Surgical Patients with Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Kun , Wu Tingchun , chen zhen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background To assess the prognostic value of preoperative apolipoprotein B level in surgical patients with renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Materials and Methods The study included 307 ccRCC patients receiving radical or partial nephrectomy between 2003 and 2012 in our center. The correlations among the preoperative ApoB, clinico-pathological parameters, and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Results A total of 193 men (62.9%) and 114 women (37.1%) with ccRCC underwent radical or partial nephrectomy were enrolled in the present study. The OS at five years after operation was 90.6% for all patients, 87.4% for the lower ApoB group, and 97.0% for the higher ApoB group. The CSS at 5 years after surgery was 90.2% for all patients, 86.7% for the lower ApoB group, and 97.0% for the higher ApoB group. A higher ApoB level was related to a better OS and CSS in ccRCC patients (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, age >60 (P=0.008 and P=0.023), lower Apo B level (P= 0.019 and P= 0.018), were independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS, respectively. Conclusions In the Apo apolipoprotein family, the preoperative ApoB level has an important clinical significance for predicting the prognosis survival rate of the ccRCC patients.
Relationship between IL-10 and PD-L1 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and cell lines
Authors: Qian Qian , Wu Changping , Chen Jianping , Wang Weibing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Programmed death-ligand1 (PD-L1) plays a critical role in host immunity in the setting of cancer progression. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a multi-cellular, multi-functional cytokine that regulates cell growth and differentiation and participates in inflammatory and immune responses. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between PD-L1 and IL-10 and their clinical importance in liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC).Methods LIHC patients (n=100) who underwent surgery with preoperative therapy were included in the study. By immuno-histochemical staining, PD-L1, IL-10 and CD8 positive cells were examined in resected specimens. The gene expression levels of PD-L1, IL-10 and Met were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blots, and differentially compared in cancer, adjacent and normal tissues. In cell experiments, the Bel7405 and MHCC97-H cell-lines were incubated with IL-10 or anti-IL-10 antibody, and then PD-L1 and Met expression levels were compared by ELISA and Western blots. The effect of crizotinib and/or IL-10 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of LIHC cell-lines was estimated by CCK8 and transwell assay.Results In tumor tissues, the mRNA and protein levels of PD-L1, IL-10 and Met were higher than those in adjacent tissues. The high expression levels of PD-L1 and IL-10 indicated a poor prognosis. IL-10 reduced the expression of PD-L1 in LIHC cell-lines via Met signaling pathway. Over-expression of PD-L1 in increased the levels of IL-10, and Met in in LIHC tissue and cell lines. The combination of crizotinib and IL-10 were more effective in inhibiting the proliferation, migration and invasion of LIHC cell lines. Conclusions The combination of IL-10 and PD-L1 monoclonal antibody may have therapeutic promise in treating LIHC.
Prognostic value of the miR-200 family in bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mei Yanhui , Zheng Jianbo , Xiang Ping , Liu Cheng , Fan Yidong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction : The association between the miR-200 family and the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of the miR-200 family in patients with bladder cancer.Methods : Electronic databases were searched to identify the studies that had assessed the association between the miR-200 family and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer. Hazard ratios ( HRs ) and 95% confidence interval ( CI ) for overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) from eligible studies were used to calculate combined hazard ratios. The heterogeneity across the included studies was assessed by Cochrane´s Q test and I 2 statistic. The Begg´s funnel plot and Egger´s linear regression teats were used to evaluate the potential publication bias. The meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3 and Stata SE12.0 according to the PRISMA guidelines.Results : A total of 1152 patients from 8 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that the high expression of the miR-200 family was associated with better OS (pooled hazard ratio: 0.50, 95% confidence interval: 0.40-0.62), CSS (pooled hazard ratio: 0.36, 95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.59) and RFS (pooled hazard ratio: 0.48, 95% confidence interval: 0.36-0.65). Both Begg's funnel plots test and Egger's test verified that there was no publication bias within the included cohorts. Conclusion : This study suggests that the high expression of the miR-200 family is significantly associated with better prognosis in patients with bladder cancer.
The Feasibility of Laparoscopic TSME Preserving Left Colic Artery and Superior Rectal Artery for Upper Rectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Chi , Xu Yingying , Wei Hao-tang , Zhang Qinyuan , Hu Wenqing , Abe Masanobu , Du Zhuoran , Zong Liang , Hu Xiang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Laparoscopic TSME preserving left colic artery and superior rectal artery is still a technical challenging procedure. To show the feasibility of this procedure for upper rectal cancer, we conducted this study. Methods A total of 184 patients with upper rectal cancer were retrospectively collected in our cancer center between Apr 2010 and Apr 2017. These patients were treated by either laparoscopic TSME (n=46) or laparoscopic TME (n=138). In the group of TSME, left colonic artery and superior rectal artery were preserved while they were not in TME group. Results The operation time in TSME group was longer than that in TME group (218.56 ± 35.85 vs. 201.13 ± 42.65, P=0.004). Further, the resected lymph nodes in TSME group is more than that in TME group (19.43 ± 9.46 vs. 18.03 ± 7.43, P= 0.024). The blood loss between TSME and TME groups achieved no significance. There was no mortality occured in either TSME or TME group. One patient in TME group was converted to laparotomy. Total postoperative complication rate in TSME and TME groups were 8.7% and 17.4%, respectively. For severe complication between the two groups (anastomotic leakage and stenosis), they showed no difference. Conclusions Laparoscopic TSME preserving left colic artery and superior rectal artery can be safely conducted for upper rectal cancer.