bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation on Speech Intelligibility in Persons With Essential Tremor
Authors: Sandström Linda , Blomstedt Patric , Karlsson Fredrik , Hartelius Lena 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate how deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the caudal zona incerta (cZi) affects speech intelligibility in persons with essential tremor.

Method
Thirty-five participants were evaluated: off stimulation, on chronic stimulation optimized to alleviate tremor, and during unilateral stimulation at increasing amplitude levels. At each stimulation condition, the participants read 10 unique nonsense sentences from the Swedish Test of Intelligibility. Two listeners, blinded to stimulation condition, transcribed all recorded sentences orthographically in a randomized procedure. A mean speech intelligibility score for each patient and stimulation condition was computed, and comparisons were made between scores off and on stimulation.

Results
Chronic cZi-DBS had no significant effect on speech intelligibility, and there was no difference in outcome between bilateral and unilateral treatments. During unilateral stimulation at increasing amplitudes, nine participants demonstrated deteriorating speech intelligibility. These nine participants were on average older and had more superior contacts activated during the evaluation compared with the participants without deterioration.

Conclusions
Chronic cZi-DBS, optimized for tremor suppression, does not generally affect speech intelligibility in persons with essential tremor. Furthermore, speech intelligibility may be preserved in many individuals, even when stimulated at high amplitudes. Adverse effects of high-amplitude unilateral stimulation observed in this study were associated with stimulation originating from a more superior location, as well as with the participants' age. These results, highlighting age and stimulation location as contributing to speech intelligibility outcomes, were, however, based on a limited number of individuals experiencing adverse effects with high-amplitude stimulation and should, therefore, be interpreted with caution.
Improved Conversation Outcomes After Social Communication Skills Training for People With Traumatic Brain Injury and Their Communication Partners: A Clinical Trial Investigating In-Person and Telehealth Delivery
Authors: Rietdijk Rachael , Power Emma , Attard Michelle , Heard Robert , Togher Leanne 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of social communication skills training (TBIconneCT) for people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their communication partners, delivered in-person or via telehealth, on quality of conversations.

Method

This study is a clinical trial, including an in-person intervention group (
n =
17), a telehealth intervention group (
n =
19), and a historical control group (
n =
15). Participants were adults at least 6 months post moderate-to-severe TBI with social communication skills deficits and their usual communication partners. Participants completed a casual and purposeful conversation task at pre-intervention, postintervention, and a follow-up assessment. A blinded assessor evaluated conversations using the Adapted Measure of Participation in Conversation and the Adapted Measure of Support in Conversation. Treatment effects were examined by comparing groups on change in ratings between pre- and posttraining. Maintenance of effects was examined using change between posttraining and follow-up assessment. The trial protocol was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615001024538).

Results
Trained participants with TBI had significant improvements in participation in casual conversation compared to controls. Trained communication partners also had significant improvements compared to controls on ratings of support in casual conversations. However, treatment effects were not maintained at follow-up for two of eight measures. Comparisons between outcomes of in-person and telehealth groups found negligible to small effect sizes for six of eight measures.

Conclusions
The findings reinforce previous studies demonstrating the efficacy of communication partner training after TBI. Telehealth delivery produced similar outcomes to in-person delivery.
Do Infants With Down Syndrome Show an Early Receptive Language Advantage?
Authors: Mason-Apps Emily , Stojanovik Vesna , Houston-Price Carmel , Seager Emily , Buckley Sue 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The study explored longitudinally the course of vocabulary and general language development in a group of infants with Down syndrome (DS) compared to a group of typically developing (TD) infants matched on nonverbal mental ability (NVMA).

Method
We compared the vocabulary and general language trajectories of the two groups in two ways: (a) at three time points during a 12-month period and (b) at two time points when the groups had made equal progress in NVMA (a period of 6 months for the TD infants vs. 12 months for the infants with DS).

Results
The TD group had overtaken the DS group on all general language and vocabulary measures by the end of the 12-month period. However, expressive communication and expressive vocabulary were developing at the same rate and level in the two groups when examined over a period in which the two groups were matched in gains in NVMA. Furthermore, the infants with DS showed a receptive language advantage over the TD group; this group's auditory comprehension and receptive vocabulary scores were superior to those of the TD group at both time points when NVMA was accounted for.

Conclusion
The results shed light on the widely reported discrepancy between expressive and receptive language in individuals with DS. Although infants with DS appear to be developing language skills more slowly than chronological age TD peers, when NVMA is taken into account, infants with DS do not have expressive language delays, and they seem to show a receptive language advantage.
The Nonverbal Processing of Actions Is an Area of Relative Strength in the Semantic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Auclair-Ouellet Noémie , Fossard Marion , Macoir Joël , Laforce Robert 
Published: February 2020

PurposeBetter performance for actions compared to objects has been reported in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA). This study investigated the influence of the assessment task (naming, semantic picture matching) over the dissociation between objects and actions.MethodTen individuals with svPPA and 17 matched controls completed object and action naming tests, and object and action semantic picture matching tests. Performance was compared between the svPPA and control groups, within the svPPA group, and for each participant with svPPA versus the control group individually.ResultsCompared to controls, participants with svPPA were impaired on object and action naming, and object and action semantic picture matching. As a group, participants with svPPA had an advantage for actions over objects and for semantic picture matching tests over naming tests. Eight participants had a better performance for actions compared to objects in naming, with three showing a significant difference. Nine participants had a better performance for actions compared to objects in semantic picture matching, with six showing a significant difference. For objects, semantic picture matching was better than naming in nine participants, with five showing a significant difference. For actions, semantic picture matching was better than naming in all 10 participants, with nine showing a significant difference.ConclusionThe nonverbal processing of actions, as assessed with a semantic picture matching test, is an area of relative strength in svPPA. Clinical implications for assessment planning and interpretation and theoretical implications for current models of semantic cognition are discussed.
Auditory Feedback Control Mechanisms Do Not Contribute to Cortical Hyperactivity Within the Voice Production Network in Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia
Authors: Daliri Ayoub , Heller Murray Elizabeth S. , Blood Anne J. , Burns James , Noordzij J. Pieter , Nieto-Castanon Alfonso , Tourville Jason A. , Guenther Frank H. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD), the most common form of spasmodic dysphonia, is a debilitating voice disorder characterized by hyperactivity and muscle spasms in the vocal folds during speech. Prior neuroimaging studies have noted excessive brain activity during speech in participants with ADSD compared to controls. Speech involves an auditory feedback control mechanism that generates motor commands aimed at eliminating disparities between desired and actual auditory signals. Thus, excessive neural activity in ADSD during speech may reflect, at least in part, increased engagement of the auditory feedback control mechanism as it attempts to correct vocal production errors detected through audition.

Method

To test this possibility, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify differences between participants with ADSD (
n
= 12) and age-matched controls (
n
= 12) in (a) brain activity when producing speech under different auditory feedback conditions and (b) resting-state functional connectivity within the cortical network responsible for vocalization.

Results
As seen in prior studies, the ADSD group had significantly higher activity than the control group during speech with normal auditory feedback (compared to a silent baseline task) in three left-hemisphere cortical regions: ventral Rolandic (sensorimotor) cortex, anterior planum temporale, and posterior superior temporal gyrus/planum temporale. Importantly, this same pattern of hyperactivity was also found when auditory feedback control of speech was eliminated through masking noise. Furthermore, the ADSD group had significantly higher resting-state functional connectivity between sensorimotor and auditory cortical regions within the left hemisphere as well as between the left and right hemispheres.

Conclusions
Together, our results indicate that hyperactivation in the cortical speech network of individuals with ADSD does not result from hyperactive auditory feedback control mechanisms and rather is likely related to impairments in somatosensory feedback control and/or feedforward control mechanisms.
Die Misere der konservativen Adipositastherapie in Deutschland: Bestandsaufnahme und Lösungsvorschlag
Authors: Luley Claus 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungEtwa neun Millionen Deutsche leiden an einer behandlungsbedürftigen Adipositas und verursachen durch Folgekrankheiten jährliche Kosten von 63 Milliarden Euro. Die wirksame bariatrische Chirurgie kann nicht in allen Fällen eingesetzt werden, und den konservativen multimodalen Maßnahmen mangelt es vor allem an Wirksamkeit und Verfügbarkeit. Zusätzliche Hürden sind die fehlende Einstufung der Adipositas als therapiebedürftige Erkrankung, das resultierende Fehlen von Kostenerstattungen der konservativen Adipositastherapie sowie restriktive Vorgaben in Leitlinien zu Prävention und Therapie. Größtes Problem ist das Misverhältnis zwischen Patientenanzahl und Anzahl der Therapieeinrichtungen, da jeder Schwerpunktpraxis ca. 12000 Patienten gegenüberstehen.Einen Ausweg bietet die telemedizinische Gewichtsreduktion mittels internetbasiertem Telemonitoring und Telecoaching von Ernährung und Bewegung. Diese umfassend evaluierte Maßnahme erwies sich nicht nur als wirksam, sondern als besonders kosten- und zeiteffizient. Jüngere Daten zeigen eine unverminderte Wirksamkeit, wenn die bisher einmalige Patientenschulung vor Ort durch eine Konferenzschulung per Internet ersetzt wurde. Damit kann die Maßnahme überregional durchgeführt werden. So können auch große Patientenzahlen durch wenige Zentren versorgt werden, wobei deren Spezialisierung die Kosteneffizienz weiter steigern wird.Der Lösungsvorschlag besteht demnach aus einer dreiteiligen Stufentherapie. Die erste Stufe bildet die überregionale, telemedizinische Basistherapie durch wenige Zentren pro Bundesland. Bei ungenügendem Ergebnis erfolgt als zweite Stufe die Überweisung in interdisziplinäre Schwerpunktpraxen. Die bariatrische Chirurgie bildet schließlich die dritte Stufe. Die Kosten für die telemedizinische Basistherapie können durch Medikamenteneinsparung bei Typ-2-Diabetikern kompensiert werden, wie eine kontrollierte und randomisierte Studie nachwies.
Renale Osteodystrophie
Authors: Lehmann Gabriele , Pfeil Alexander , Oelzner Peter , Wolf Gunter 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungChronische Nierenerkrankungen weisen eine zunehmende Inzidenz und Prävalenz auf und verursachen Komplikationen an verschiedenen Organsystemen. Die Veränderungen des Mineralstoffwechsels bei chronischer Niereninsuffizienz bedingen Störungen des kardiovaskulären Systems und des Knochenstoffwechsels mit den klinischen Endpunkten Myokardinfarkt/Schlaganfall und Fraktur und münden in eine gesteigerte Mortalität. Die renale Osteodystrophie ist ein Teil der CKD-MBD. Der Terminus „renale Osteodystrophie“ ist den histologischen Knochengewebsveränderungen vorbehalten und erfordert zur Charakterisierung eine Knochenbiopsie. Die internationale Klassifizierung unterscheidet 4 Formen: sekundärer Hyperparathyreoidismus, Osteomalazie, gemischte urämische Osteodystrophie und adyname renale Knochenerkrankung. Die nicht invasiven Untersuchungen entsprechen denen, die zur Diagnostik der Osteoporose eingesetzt werden. Das Spektrum der therapeutischen Optionen ist begrenzt.
A Case of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis following Refractory
Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Li Ye , Wang Yulong , Li Shen , Liu Mingjing , Wang Dingding , Xu Chaoyue , Zhang Luan 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a systemic inflammatory disorder
characterized by uncontrolled histiocytic proliferation, hemophagocytosis,
macrophage activation, and up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines (Grom AA.,
Current opinion in rheumatology 2003; 15: 587–590). HLH is usually divided
into two types: primary (familial) HLH and secondary (reactive) HLH. Primary HLH is
associated with primary immune deficiencies in which specific gene mutations play an
important role, such as perforin defects.
Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil: Evaluation of Skin Permeation and Distribution from Topical Formulations with a Solvent-Free Analytical Method
Authors: Capetti Francesca , Sgorbini Barbara , Cagliero Cecilia , Argenziano Monica , Cavalli Roberta , Milano Luisella , Bicchi Carlo , Rubiolo Patrizia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (tea tree oil) is widely used as an ingredient in skin care products because of its recognized biological activities. The European Scientific Committee on Consumer Products constantly promotes research and collection of data on both skin distribution and systemic exposure to tea tree oil components after the application of topical formulations. This study quantitatively evaluates permeation, skin layer distribution (stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis), and release into the surrounding environment of bioactive tea tree oil markers (i.e., α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, 1,8-cineole, γ-terpinene, 4-terpineol, α-terpineol) when a 5% tea tree oil formulation is applied at a finite dosing regimen. Permeation kinetics were studied in vitro on pig ear skin using conventional static glass Franz diffusion cells and cells ad hoc modified to monitor the release of markers into the atmosphere. Formulation, receiving phases, and skin layers were analyzed using a fully automatic and solvent-free method based on headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This approach affords, for the first time, to quantify tea tree oil markers in the different skin layers while avoiding using solvents and overcoming the existing methods based on solvent extraction. The skin layers contained less than 1% of each tea tree oil marker in total. Only oxygenated terpenes significantly permeated across the skin, while hydrocarbons were only absorbed at trace level. Substantial amounts of markers were released into the atmosphere.
Managing interrelated tensions in headquarters–subsidiary relationships: The case of a multinational hybrid organization
Authors: Ambos Tina C , Fuchs Sebastian H , Zimmermann Alexander 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhile all multinational organizations face the challenge of managing tensions between local integration and global responsiveness, they are increasingly required to pursue additional, often paradoxical, objectives – such as social and commercial goals. However, we know little about how these tensions at the core of the MNC strategy interact. Based on an inductive qualitative study of four headquarters–subsidiary relationships in a Latin American Multinational Hybrid Organization, we develop a model showing the interplay of multiple tensions and management approaches to address them. This allows us to contribute to research on subsidiary roles, which we found to differ depending on how multiple tensions are addressed. Furthermore, we add to the literature on hybridity in multinational organizations by pointing out how regional differences between units of a single organization unfold. Finally, we provide some practical recommendations for the management of multinational hybrid organizations.
Iodine analysis of foodstuffs samples using epithermal instrumental neutron activation analysis
Authors: Sutisna  , Yusuf S , Suprapti S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Iodine is an essential element that has an important role in the proper growth and thyroid hormone functioning of humans. Iodine deficiency was correlated with the health status of human-caused by malnutrition. The analytical method to analyze the Iodine content on foodstuffs is limited because Iodine concentration exists in a level of a trace. 127I has a ratio of I
0 to s relatively high, and it is possible to obtain 128I (t1/2 = 24.5 minutes) using nuclear reaction with an epithermal neutron. Samples were collected at Magelang region, and it consists of foodstuffs that consumed by the citizen. All sample has been dried using Freeze dryer at-90 °C and 0.03 bar for 24-48 hours. After drying, the sample then pounded to get the form of granules smooth, about 100-150 mesh. About 40 to 130 mg of sample was weighed accurately on a clean micro vial of Polyethylene. Irradiation has been carried out at l5 MW reactor power using neutron epithermal for 45 seconds at the rabbit facility of GA. Siwabessy reactor. After cooling 5 to 10 minutes, the irradiated sample then counted for 300 seconds, and the gamma-ray spectra obtained emitted have been analyzed by Hyperlab software. Several standard reference materials of NIST have been used as analytical quality control. The experimental result shows that the Iodine has the Boron ratio, RB, and the Advantage factor, Fadv, equal to 2.4 and 21, respectively. Trace element of Iodine has been determined quantitatively on nine spices, seven types of meat, and 32 vegetables. The Iodine concentration on spices have average 1.57 ± 0.23 mg/kg with range value 0.38 mg/kg to 3.4 mg/kg. Iodine on vegetable have average of 2.00 ± 0.43 mg/kg with range value of 0.38 mg/kg to 7.30 mg/kg. Meanwhile, its concentration on meat has range 0.71 mg/kg to 2.16 mg/kg, with an average of 1.44 ± 0.28 mg/kg, lower than that on vegetables. Epithermal INAA is a reliable analytical technique for Iodine determination quantitatively.
Design of Sorting Machine Prototype in Electronic Circuit Based on NI-MyRIO 1900
Authors: Kurniawati Nisa , Abimanyu Adi , Muhtadan  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, the laboratory at STTN-BATAN prepares and returns components to the storage area manually, where this has the disadvantage of the possibility of making a significant mistake. Therefore, a prototype of a sorting machine is made that can sort electronic components automatically on the conveyor. The sorting machine is made with the 1900 NI-myRIO controller. Components that pass above the conveyor are taken. Images from components will then be processed by means of color pattern matching which will compare the image of the component with the template that has been stored in the program. The object in this study is a resistor component that is above a PCB, with a large resistor that is different. The PCB that has been compared with the template will be passed from the conveyor for a certain time and then driven by a servo motor to the storage area with a separator block. In addition, the type of resistor and the amount will be read and displayed on the user’s computer. From the test results, it was found that the accuracy of the sorting machine was 91% with precision being 93%.
Synthesis and characterization of zeolite-g-polyacrylamide (Zeolite-g-PAAM) by using simultaneous irradiation technique
Authors: Puspitasari T , Darwis D , Pangerteni D S , Oktaviani O , Sari M P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this study, we synthesized the adsorbent based zeolite as an adsorbent for toxic metal removal. The modified zeolite adsorbent has been successfully synthesized using polymerization radiation technique by gamma rays. The monomer of acrylamide was applied to be grafted onto zeolite. The irradiation doses used in this study were 10–75 kGy and we obtained the optimum dose for synthesizing the zeolite-g-polyacrylamide by using the simultaneous irradiation technique was 25 kGy, with 99.88% and 48.01% for the gel fraction and degree of grafting, respectively. The zeolite-g-polyacrylamide were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Effectiveness of Reducing Cyanide Levels in The Dioscorea hispida Dennst Bulbs Through Soaking in Seawater and Interaction with Ash scrub
Authors: Harimu L , Haeruddin  , Baari M J , Sutapa I W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The high concentration of cyanide in Dioscorea hispida dennst should be reduced through immersion in seawater and interaction with rubbing ash. Soaking seawater prepared in immersion time 12, 24, and 36 hours accompanied by the replacement of seawater every three hours, while interaction with rubbing ash was ready with 75% and 100% concentration of ash on 12, 24, and 36 hours of storage time respectively. Measurement of cyanide concentrations of Dioscorea hispida dennst samples was prepared by argentometry titration with Liebig method after through the steam distillation process. Based on the results of this study, it found that immersion time for 12, 24, and 36 hours could reduce cyanide concentrations about 48.30%, 64.44%, and 70.88%, respectively. The interaction by using 75% rubbing ash for 12, 24, and 36 hours, it can reduce 24.09%, 38.69%, and 51.42% cyanide concentration in Dioscorea hispida dennst tubers, respectively. The Dioscorea hispida dennst tubers smeared with100% rubbing ash for 12, 24, and 36 hours. It can reduce cyanide content in Dioscorea hispida dennst by 36.26%, 49.92%, and 59.63%, respectively. Further treatment with drying and fermentation produces Dioscorea hispida dennst with a lower concentration of cyanide about 88.68% with a soft and white texture.