bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Toll Like receptor 2 Gene Polymorphism in Children with B Cell Defects and Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Mahana N A A , Reda S M , Kamel T B , Elfeky R A , Erfan D M , Kamal T M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Acute respiratory tract infections are the most common illnesses in childhood. Respiratory defenses against infection involve a diverse and complex system. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a type of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), resulting in initiation of innate immune response and promotion of adaptive immunity. TLR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) impair the ability to respond properly to TLR ligands and increase susceptibility to infectious or inflammatory diseases. The aim of the work: To examine TLR2 Arginine 677Tryptophan (Arg 677Trp) and Arginine753Glutamine (Arg753Gln) gene polymorphisms in patients with recurrent or chronic respiratory tract infections with or without predominantly antibody deficiency (PAD). Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional case-control study included 30 patients with known PAD with/ or without respiratory tract infections, 20 non-PAD patients with recurrent chest infections and 20 age and sex-matched healthy controls. All children included in the study were subjected to full history taking, complete physical examination and laboratory investigations including CBC, serum immunoglobulins levels and genetic analysis of the TLR2 Arg677Trp and Arg753Gln polymorphisms. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest with contrast, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid culture and sensitivity were performed to patients with recurrent and/or chronic chest infections. Results: There was a significant difference in the expression of Arg753Gln polymorphism (p 0.04) between PAD patients with and without recurrent chest infections. Patients with mutant or heterozygote state of this polymorphism had a short diagnosis lag (time elapsed between onset of symptoms and date of diagnosis). There was a significant relationship between this polymorphism and the duration of hospital admission (longer hospital stay in patients with mutant allele). A significant difference between non-PAD patients with recurrent chest infections and healthy controls regarding Arg 677 Trp polymorphism (p 0.04) was elicited. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Arg 677 Trp polymorphism could be a risk factor for increased susceptibility to recurrent and /or chronic respiratory tract infections in patients without PAD, while Arg753Gln polymorphism might be an additional risk factor for severe infections in PAD patients.
Evaluation Of Serum Neurotensin Level In Fatty Diet Induced Obesity
Authors: Moharram J , Elhelow M , Ghoneima E I , Elmikkawy M E D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Neurotensin is expressed in the brain as well as it is localized in specialized enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine.

Objectives
This paper aims to evaluate the serum level of neurotensin in various grades of obesity and it’s relation to fatty diet.

Patients and Methods
A sample of 60 patients were subjected to Full medical History, bowel habits , detailed dietary habits (Detailed fat-intake questionnaire) and body mass index (BMI). Also serum neurotensin , random blood sugar, thyroid profile and lipid profile were measured. Patients were subdivided into four groups according to their degree of obesity as follow: fifteen overweight patients, fifteen obese class I patients, fifteen obese class II patients and fifteen obese class III patients. Twenty five apparently healthy non obese individuals of matched age and sex were taken as a control group.

Results
Our study revealed 84% rise of the mean NT in cases compared to controls with highly statistical significant difference. Significant positive correlation was found between serum neurotensin, high cholesterol, low HDL and total fat intake questionnaire. But no correlation was found between serum neurotensin and TGs, LDL, age and sex.

Conclusion
Our limited data suggest that serum neurotensin may play a potentially important role in the development of obesity in people with high BMI consuming fatty diet.
Serum and synovial fluid levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 as a biomarker of joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hafez E A , Elbakry S A , Abdelrahman M A , Sakr H M , Mohamed N A , Khalil S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic synovitis and progressive joint destruction leading to decline in functional capacity, eventual work disability, and reduced quality of life. Considering the common disease activity indicators are unspecific for arthritis, novel biomarkers have been rapidly developed for predicting structural destruction progression in RA. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 plays a special role in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis and has been suggested as a marker of disease activity and joint damage.

Patients and Methods
MMP-3 was measured by ELISA in serum samples of 40 early RA patients and compared to age and sex matched control group of 40 healthy volunteers. Synovial levels of MMP-3 were measured only in 8 RA patients, who were indicated for knee arthrocentesis. Joint damage was assessed using SENS score on plain radiography.

Results
Serum MMP-3 levels were significantly higher in RA patients than healthy volunteers (P-value &lt;0.001). Measured synovial levels of MMP-3 were significantly correlated to the serum levels. There were statistically significant positive correlations between serum MMP-3 with RF titers, AntiCCP titres, CRP, and DAS28 -ESR activity score. There was no significant correlation to total SENS score. ROC curve was used to define the best cut off value of serum MMP3 to discriminate between RA and healthy controls, which was found to be &gt;50ng/ml.

Conclusion
Serum levels of MMP-3 can be used as noninvasive biomarker of RA, and also indicator of disease activity in early RA patients.
Combined Sensory Index Test versus Diagnostic Ultrasonography in Early Detection of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Mustafa M M M A , Nassar N , Amen I , Abdelmohsen H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
to evaluate combined sensory index test (CSI) versus diagnostic ultrasonography in early detection of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Patients and Methods
case control cross sectional study was performed on twenty patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of carpal tunnel syndrome with duration 1 to 4 months and twenty apparently healthy volunteers included as a control group. All patients and controls were assessed and underwent ultrasound of the wrist and electrophysiological testing. Data from patients and control groups were compared to determine the diagnostic relations in patients with CTS.

Results
This study include 20 Patient with ages ranged from 25 to 45 with mean±SD (36.8±6.1) years with symptoms and signs suggestive of carpal tunnel syndrome with duration 1 to 4 months. The control group ages ranged from 25 to 45 with mean±SD (57.63±6.41) years.
Our results revealed that CSI ranged from (0.7-1.9ms) with mean ± SD (1.36± 0.366) in CTS group and ranged from (0.2-0.8ms) with mean ±SD (0.59± 0.187) in control group (P &lt; 0.001), cutoff point was &gt; 0.8ms with sensitivity 85%, specificity 100% and accuracy 97.5%. Our diagnostic ultrasound results revealed that Inlet Outlet Ratio of CSA of median nerve ranged from (1-1.6) with mean ± SD (1.26 ± 0.226) in CTS group and from (0.7-1.1) with mean ± SD (0.92 ± 0.134) in control group (P &lt; 0.001) with sensitivity was 80%, specificity 70% and accuracy 85%. By combination of both electrodiagnostic test (CSI) and diagnostic ultrasound (IOR) in early detection of CTS, our results revealed highly statistically significant difference between patient and control groups (P &lt; 0.001) with sensitivity 100%, specificity 70%, and accuracy 85%.

Conclusion
Combined sensory index (CSI) is indicated in suspected cases of CTS with positive symptoms and negative signs. US is not an alternative diagnostic tool to electrodiagnostic tests but they are complementary.
The Role of Prolotherapy in Fibromyalgia Patients
Authors: Elsheshtawy N , Fouda N , Nassif M , Ahmed N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the potential role of prolotherapy in treating the most tender points of FM patients as a trial to improve symptoms.

Patients and Methods
20 primary FM Patients were injected with 3 cc of 25 % dextrose with 2 cc of 1 % lidocaine and then filled to 6 cc total volume with saline, making dextrose concentration of 12.5%, with 0.5 ml of the solution prepared per point,with a maximum of 6 points/ session. - Follow up visit were required every two weeks for other injections over a course of six weeks (duration of healing cascade). After 6 weeks, patients were assessed using NRS, FIQ VAS , MFI - 20 , SQS and PHQ-9 scales.

Results
As regard number of tender points, there was a highly Statistically significant P- value (&lt;0.001) between number of tenderpoints (6-16) before injection, which decreased to (5-9) after injection, with a change of 34.17%. As regard whole body average pain, there was a highly Statistically significant difference (&lt;0.001) between NRS before injection(5-10), which decreased to a range of (2-6) after injection, with a change of 39.57%. PHQ-9 scale total score showed a highly Statistically significant difference (P – value&lt;0.001), ranging from (15-22) pre injectionand dropped to (10-18) post injection, with an improvement of 25.37%.

Conclusion
Prolotherapy may offer great therapeutic advantages for FM patients, as it is well tolerated with minimal or no side effects. Moreover, prolotherapy injection reduces pain intensity and functional disability in daily life activities.
Vitamin D Promotes Adiposity But Improves Associated Metabolic Derangements In An Obese Rat Model
Authors: Mohamed N A , Seif A A , Abdelhamid M S , Eissa R S A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Obesity is a worldwide problem and is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. The relation between obesity and vitamin D is not completely understood. Obesity is associated with vitamin D insufficiency. Some studies claim that vitamin D may reduce lipogenesis and others claim that vitamin D can promote adipogenesis.

Aim of the study
This study was planned to evaluate the effect of alteration in vitamin D level on body weight and adipose tissue metabolism in an obese rat model.

Methods
32 Female Albino-rats were randomly allocated into: control group (C, n = 8), fed on control diet containing 1000 IU vitamin D/kg diet, and a high caloric diet group (HCD, n = 32). The HCD group was further subdivided into 3 groups according to the vitamin D dose into: standard vitamin D dose group (HCD+SVD) containing 1000 IU vitamin D/kg diet, low vitamin D dose group (HCD+LVD) containing 25 IU vitamin D/kg diet and high vitamin D dose group (HCD+HVD) containing 5169 IU vitamin D/kg diet. Body mass index, serum vitamin D, glucose, lipid profile, TNF-α and adipose tissue UCP-1 were measured. Different fat depots were weighed and histopathologically assessed.

Results
HCD+HVD group showed a significant increase in the final body mass index and in the different fat depot weights compared to all groups. Compared to the HCD+SVD group, the HCD+HVD group showed significantly lower serum total cholesterol and LDL-c levels, while it showed a non-significant change in serum glucose, TNF-α and visceral adipose tissue UCP-1. A significant negative correlation was found between serum 25(OH)D and visceral adipose tissue UCP-1. HCD+LVD showed the highest visceral adipose tissue UCP-1 compared to all groups.

Conclusion
Vitamin D promoted adiposity and decreased visceral adipose tissue UCP-1 but improved the associated derangements in lipid profile.
Probiotic versus Symbiotic in cardiac protection against indoxyl sulphate and urea toxins in experimental model of chronic kidney disease in rats
Authors: Abdelsalam D , Elkafory B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The occurrence of reno-cardiac syndrome is associated with poor clinical outcome. Uremic toxins in chronic kidney diseases disrupt intestinal equilibrium and increase aerobic bacteria/anerobic bacteria ratio. As a result indoxyl sulphate level in blood increases and contributes to pathogenesis of reno-cardiac syndrome. Probiotic and symbiotic are anerobic bacteria that correct the intestinal equilibrium.

Aim of work
We aimed to study the pathogenesis of reno-cardiac syndrome and compare the possible protective effects of probiotics and symbiotic.

Design
48 white albino rats were assigned into 6 groups: Sham group, 5/6 nephrectomy, early and late probiotic treated nephrectomy rats, early and late symbiotic treated nephrectomy rats.

Methods
Heart was exposed to 30 min ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion. PT, TPT, HRT, HR and CBF were measured at 5, 15 and 30 min of reperfusion. We measured serum levels of creatinine, urea, indoxyl sulphate, and heart tissue level of TGF-β and NADPH.

Results
uremic toxins, TGF-β and NADPH levels were significantly increased in all groups compared to sham group. In treated groups, uremic toxins significantly decreased while TGF-β and NADPH levels increased compared to nephrectomy group. PT, TPT, HRT, HR and CBF of the heart at 30 min reperfusion were decreased in nephrectomy group compared to sham one, while these functions were improved in treated groups compared to nephrectomy one.

Conclusion
Use of probiotic and symbiotic in reno-cardiac syndrome can protect the heart by improving the intestinal barrier, antioxidant effects and decreasing indoxyl sulphate level. Symbiotic had better outcomes than probiotic.
Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy on Cardiovascular Risk in Experimental Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Nagib E M , Abuzahra F A , Seif A A , Ahmed M A , Hamed G M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)s were experimentally used in treating diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications, particularly, diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in diabetic patients, which has been strongly associated with progression of DKD.

Aim
This study was designed to explore the effect of MSCs in modulating cardiovascular risk factors that develop with DKD.

Study Design
60 adult female albino rats were allocated into three groups: control group, untreated diabetic kidney disease group (un-DKD) and MSCs treated diabetic kidney disease group (MSC-DKD). DM was induced by a single dose of Streptozotocin at a dose of 35mg/kg, then rats were sacrificed 8 weeks later. MSC-DKD rats were treated by IV injection of bone marrow-derived MSCs 4 weeks after DM induction. DKD establishment was confirmed by histopathological kidney changes and elevated plasma creatinine and urea in both un-DKD and MSC-DKD rats.

Methods
Blood Pressure and lipid profile were measured, and atherogenic index was calculated to assess cardiovascular risk accompanying the progression of the diabetic renal damage. Moreover, aortic reactivity studies were performed in vitro.

Results
A single MSCs injection to MSC-DKD rats resulted in significant decrease in final blood glucose, mean arterial blood pressure and atherogenic index, together with a significant increase in plasma HDL level compared to untreated rats, thus minimizing cardiovascular risk factors. MSC-DKD aortae also exhibited significant enhancement of vascular reactivity parameters, particularly vasorelaxation which could partially explain the improvement of blood pressure. On the other hand, DKD didn’t improve by MSCs therapy. These results conformed to tracking labelled MSCs which were found in abundance in both aortic and pancreatic tissues and absent in kidneys.

Conclusion
MSCs therapy holds hope of improving cardiovascular risk and mortality for diabetic patients with diabetic Kidney disease.
Sex Differences in Metabolic Responses to Chronic Immobilization Stress in Rats
Authors: Bahaaeldein I M , Aboubakr D A , Lasheen N N , Soliman N B E , Ahmed M A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Responses to stress could range from homeostatic variations to life-threatening effects depending on the type, timing and severity of the applied stimulus. Gender is accompanied by variations in oxidative stress, which causes the development of metabolic diseases. Under physiological conditions, females were found to be less susceptible to oxidative stress.
Aim of work: This study was conducted to highlight the sex differences in the metabolic responses to chronic immobilization stress in rats, and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms.

Materials and Methods
Forty adult Wistar rats of both sexes; were randomly divided into 2 main groups: control group and stressed group, each of which was further subdivided into male and female groups. Stressed groups were exposed to chronic immobilization for 4 weeks. All rats were subjected to determination of body mass index, visceral fat weight, absolute and relative weights of liver and pancreas, plasma glucose, glucose uptake by diaphragm, glucose output by kidneys, lipid profile and plasma levels of insulin, leptin and sex hormones, malodialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and nitrite. HOMA-B and HOMA-IR were calculated. Also, caspase 3 was assessed in pancreas by immunohistochemistry.

Results
Stressed male rats showed lower BMI, higher relative liver weight, dyslipidemia, fasting hyperglycemia, higher glucose output by kidneys, lower glucose uptake by diaphragm, HOMA-B and plasma levels of insulin, testosterone and TAC and higher plasma estrogen and MDA levels compared to the control male group. Compared to the control female group, stressed female rate exhibited hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, higher plasma sex hormones. Compared to stressed male rats, stressed female group showed significantly higher BMI percentage change and plasma levels of TAC, estrogen and testosterone, but significantly lower absolute liver weight, glucose output by the kidneys, plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, and atherogenic index.

Conclusion
Chronic immobilization stress imposes greater hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic status in males than in females. The altered sex hormonal pattern and lowered antioxidant defences could be contributory mechanisms
Correlation between Serum and Tissue Levels of Adipokines in Obesity in Adult Male Rats with and without Antioxidant
Authors: Elshawwa M M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, type2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Apelin and chemerin are identified as adipokines and adipose tissue markers. Several adipose-derived peptides are known to influence food intake, including apelin, whose expression is regulated by insulin and chemerin. Oxidative stress thought to be involved in the development of complications associated with obesity.

Objective
To study the nature of correlation between serum and liver levels of apelin, chemerin and oxidative parameters in obese rats with and without antioxidant. Aiming to clarify the pathophysiology of obesity.

Material and Methods
Thirty adult male albino rats, divided into three equal groups.
Group I (control), group II (obese) and group III (obese and Lepidium sativum (LS) as an antioxidants). At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for estimation of the serum levels of chemerin, apelin, fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (IR), lipid profile, reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition to tissue homogenous extracts of liver were taken for the levels of MDA, CAT, chemerin and apelin.

Results
After eight weeks, high fat diet group showed a significant increase in serum levels of apelin, chemerin, fasting glucose, insulin, IR, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) & MDA and a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) & GSH. HFD also caused a significant increase in tissue levels of MDA, CAT & chemerin and a significant decrease in apelin, compared to control group.
While addition of LS to HFD caused a significant decrease in serum levels of apelin, chemerin, fasting glucose, insulin, IR, TC, TG, LDL-C & MDA and a significant increase in HDL-C & GSH. LS also caused a significant decrease in tissue levels of MDA, chemerin & insignificant decrease in CAT and a significant increase in apelin, compared to HFD group.

Conclusion
This study showed a significant positive correlation between liver & serum chemerin and between liver and serum MDA. On the other hand, it showed a significant negative correlation between liver and serum apelin and liver CAT and serum GSH
Role of Transvaginal Ultrasound in Detection of Endometrial Changes in Breast Cancer Patients under Hormonal Therapy
Authors: Hetta W , Samy A , Romeih M , Salah A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Hormonal therapy is widely utilized as adjuvant therapy in women diagnosed with breast cancer, in those patients, Despite its positive risk/benefit ratio, It may cause secondary effects on the endometrium, Including endometrial atrophy, Endometrial polyp, Endometrial hyperplasia, and up to Endometrial carcinoma.

Aim of the Work
We aim to determine the role of TVUS in detection of endometrial changes.

Aim and Patients and Methods
Cross sectional Prospective study. We analyzed the data from previous scans and current scan and correlate it with the results of histopathology. All US examinations were performed by our senior radiologists at radiology department of Helwan university hospital. Study period from March 2018 to November 2018.

Results
The study group comprised 50 patients with breast cancer who were treated with tamoxifen for a period ranging from 3months to 5 years, by TVUS endometrial thickness measurement was ranging from (3 to 30 mm) the mean is 10.22 mm and standard deviation ± 5.76 mm, all patients were examined by TVUS, gynecological examination and they were candidate for endometrial biopsy either by D&C or hysteroscopic resection. Their histopathology results were: normal endometrium with no changes (52%), endometrial hyperplasia (14%), endometrial polyp (14%), adenomyosis (10%), endometrial atrophy (6%) and endometrial carcinoma (4) %.

Conclusion
We evaluated the correlation between tamoxifen therapy and endometrial benign and malignant conditions and correlate the findings seen in TVUS by the histopathological results .We concluded that TVUS is a necessary screening tool for detection of endometrial abnormalities in breast cancer patients under hormonal therapy.