bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experimental investigation of the effect of tool rotational speed on the force, torque and mechanical behaviour of friction stir welded PVC sheets
Authors: Nath Rahul Kanti , Barma John Deb , Singh Nitish 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this investigation, an attempt has been made to join the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheet of 3mm thickness with a taper cylindrical pin tool. They are butt welded under different weld parameters by Friction Stir Welding. This study is focused on the effect of tool rotational speed on the force, torque and mechanical behaviour of friction stir welded polyvinyl chloride sheets. The welding parameters are the tool rotational speed; varied between 1500 and 1800 RPM and the traverse speed; varied between 0.3 and 0.7 (mm/sec) with a constant tilt angle of 1°. It is observed that the spindle torque is first increasing then decreasing with increasing tool rotational speed whereas in some cases the spindle torque is also found to decrease with increase in traverse speed. Z-force is found to reduce as the tool rotation speed increases. With a change in traverse speed inconsistent variation of Z-force is observed causing disturbed material flow and weld irregularities. Minimum micro-voids and blisters are observed in Scanning Electron Micrographs of the nugget zone of the specimen welded at 1600 RPM and 0.3 mm/sec traverse speed. The specimen with least micro-voids also exhibits highest ultimate tensile strength.
Model Predictive Control for rotary inverted pendulum using LabVIEW
Authors: Deepak K N , Rahul Sharma K , Ananthan T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Inverted pendulum is a popular nonlinear system, extensively used in the study and analysis of various control techniques. Inverted pendulum has got variety of applications in robotics, aerospace, Segway etc. The paper deals with mathematical modelling, parameter estimation, disturbance rejection and tracking control of QNET 2.0 Rotary Inverted Pendulum Board for NI ELVIS in LabVIEW platform. A Model Predictive Controller is designed to maintain the pendulum in upright position and to handle disturbances. The tracking control problem for arm angle is also considered. A comparison between the disturbance rejections using MPC with standard LQR is carried out. Finally experimental results are described and compared based on the two control techniques designed for the stabilization of rotary inverted pendulum.
Vibration Based Fault Monitoring of a Compressor using Tree-based Algorithms
Authors: Prashanth Kotha , Elangovan M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Reciprocating air compressors are used as a part of manufacturing and engineering industries to offer pressurized air, which is utilized for different productive purposes. Compressors are trusted upon to be prepared and readily available as and when required and any interim stoppage or interruption will affect the manufacturing processes that are dependent on compressed air. From the reports of any maintenance engineer, one can find that in a reciprocating air compressor, components like bearings, valve blade, V-belt and piston rings add to a more noteworthy level of failure. Researchers do make attempts to find a suitable device that is profoundly welcome by the industry, for diagnosis of the fault that recommends a remedial action. Towards this direction, a study was attempted and vibration signals were collected from an experimental setup under supervised learning technique. Statistical features of the same were extracted for various combinations of fault conditions and analyzed using different tree-based algorithms with an intention to find the best one that will classify the fault with more accuracy and with the least computational time.
Multi-Criteria Engine Selection for Unique Purpose using AHP
Authors: Naveen Kumar V , Pranav Raja R S , Sanjeevi K S , Anbuudayasankar S P , Srihari S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this automotive world the selection of a vehicle based on engine plays a major role, in which all the parameters of the engine need to be considered. The engine selection for three purposes has been considered in this paper. Most influencing 10 parameters of each purpose have been shortlisted with the help of experts in the respective field. Then the parameters are ranked with the help of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). It helps to prioritise the parameters while selecting an engine for specific purpose. In AHP the relative matrix is formed by using pairwise comparison with the help of experts then the relative matrix is squared and eigen vector is found. The eigen vector is used to rank the parameters and is reported as per the priority for the respective purpose. The method proposed in this paper can be used as a decision-making tool while selecting an engine for a specific purpose.
Study on wear behaviour of Al7075 metal matrix composite with reinforced Gr and Nano TiO2 particles by Taguchi method
Authors: Danappa G T , Swamy R P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The hybrid metal matrix composite coating has found wide spread applications in the field of aerospace and automobile industries. In the present work the Al7075 is used as the major material and Gr micro particles along with nano TiO2 particles are reinforced in the composite material. The influence of wear parameters on the wear rate is calculated by Taguchi L9 array. Normal load, speed and distance are considered as the three parameters in the three levels. Further work is concentrated on the influence of percentage of nano particles in the composite and wear rate and hardness are evaluated. The results reveals that an increase in the wear resistance.
Ag-Cd-B-P ternary alloy with efficient electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)
Authors: De S , Karfa P , Majhi K C , Madhuri R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Recently, a stable and effective Pt-free electrocatalyst is hugely required for hydrogen generation through water splitting. In this article, we present an easy synthesis of very small particle sized electrocatalysts Ag-Cd-B-P and Cd-Ag-B-P with good catalytic activity and stability for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic medium. Ag-Cd-B-P catalyst exihibits better performance than Cd-Ag-B-P with lower onset potential of - 0.25 V, higher electrochemical surface area of 0.50 cm2, excellent current density of 1.18 A/cm2 at – 1.29 V, low tafel slop of 118 mV/dec and small overpotential of 50 mV to achieve 10 mA/cm2 current density. The reported Ag-Cd-B-P electrocatalyst shows good storage stability of 2 months in normal condition with only ∼2 % change in onset potential and current density.
Impact of tungsten on the surface of aluminium-silicon alloy on microstructure, hardness and wear rate using GTA
Authors: Saravanan R , Nair Sandeep , Krishnakumar M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A study was carried out to determine the effect of tungsten addition on hardness, microstructure and wear behaviour of surface modified as-cast Al - Si alloy. The heat source utilized for modifying the surface of the substrate was Gas Tungsten Arc. Tungsten were deposited on the Al - Si alloy substrate using poly vinyl alcohol as binder and the SMP were performed. By using Lyzer Instruments optical microscope and HITACHI SU6600 FE-SEM microstructural analysis was carried out. The hardness and wear rate of the modified layer were calculated by using a micro-hardness tester and a pin-on-disc wear tester machine. The presence of elemental composition in the modified layer was determined by using Energy Dispersive Atomic X-ray Spectroscopy and its confirmation through XRD analysis. It was inferred from this study that a fine grain microstructure was observed in the modified layer. The hardness and wear resistance was found to increase as a result of W addition and also due to the formation of dispersion strengthening mechanism. The coefficient of friction was found to be independent of the hardness.
Tribo-Mechanical Behaviour of Al-Cu-Si castings
Authors: Naveen E , Ilangovan S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Al-Cu-Si alloy of 1.5% copper and 0.5% silicon was sand casted into ingot rods with Nitrogen degassing. The sand casted rods were homogenized at different temperatures for a time of 10 hours. The homogenized and as cast rods were then tested for mechanical and tribological properties by taking samples from different regions surface, middle and inner regions respectively. The Microhardness, microstructure, Ultimate tensile strength(UTS), elongation in percentage (%), rate of wear and specific wear rate were determined and investigated. The results show improved mechanical and tribological properties of homogenized compared to as cast. The hardness and tensile strength values showed similar pattern of decrease from outer to middle to inner regions whereas elongation in percentage showed the opposite. The greater hardness and tensile strength at the outer surface can be attributed to the faster solidification (or higher cooling rate at the surface) compared to the slower cooling rate at inner region of ingot. Microstructure examination also revealed finer grains at inner The Adhesive wear properties were determined using Pin on Disc wear tester as per ASTME standards of dry sliding friction condition. The results showed adhesive dry Adhesive wear is carried out by Pin-on-Disc wear tester. Wear rate of the alloy rises with applied load conducted at different speeds. The specific wear rate and the friction coefficient vary with load. The diffusion of disc material into the specimen material which changes the alloy composition. It was observed through energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The worn-out surfaces were studied by using SEM analysis.
Design, manufacturing and testing of re-configurable crawling modular robot inspired from origami
Authors: Satyanarayana Pillai S , Sreedharan Pramod 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a new type of origami inspired modular crawling robot that can be used for search and exploration purposes. Origami is an art of paper folding where a 2D sheet of material is folded into a 3D robotic structure. The origami inspired design introduces a low cost manufacturing technique and hence reducing the overall cost of the robot. This robot also has characteristics of modular robots. These robots can be connected, disconnected and re-connected to obtain different configurations. The prototype of the robot is manufactured and two types of crawling locomotion are implemented. Various test cases were created and tested under laboratory conditions. The robot was also tested to validate the characteristics of origami robots, modular robots and crawling locomotion is also implemented in unstructured environment. The first section in your paper
Erosion behaviour of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Pratap Naidu P , Raghavendra Gujjala 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with the manufacture and examination of tribological properties of epoxy composites reinforced with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanopowder. The composites had prepared with five different proportions of g-C3N4 nanopowder using a hand layup process. Comparison of tribological properties has made between the composites laid at different percentages of g-C3N4 in epoxy. The results showed the maximum erosion resistance of g-C3N4 particulate polymer matrix for 3% filler content. Also, by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the erosion morphology analysis is done on the internal structures of the specimen.
Influence of Extending the Height on the Vortex Structures Generated Inside A Lid Driven Cavity
Authors: Kumar Sourav N , Akhilesh Vishnu H , Ajith Kumar S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A numerical study is conducted to study the effect of aspect ratio (extending the height) on the natural convection flow inside a square cavity. 2D incompressible equations are solved using the open CFD package OpenFOAM. A domain and grid independence study is conducted for getting the optimum dimensions and the grid size used in the problem. The validation is done for benchmark problems before applying on to the problem. The vortices formed inside the enclosure is identified by the help of streamlines. This paper clearly discusses the different regimes formed by changing the aspect ratio.
Regenerative chatter control in turning process using constrained viscoelastic vibration absorber
Authors: Ganapathy Ram H V , Saravanamurugan S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper focuses on utilization of viscoelastic material to control regenerative chatter in turning process. Self-induced vibrations can lead to the condition called regenerative chatter which produces violent relative vibrations between cutting tool and workpiece and reduces tool life and productivity. The regenerative chatter in turning processes can be controlled by maximizing negative real part of the frequency response function of cutting tool structure. In order to achieve this, a constrained viscoelastic vibration absorber (CVVA) is used. A CVVA consists of a viscoelastic material, such as natural rubber, which is sandwiched between two similar or dissimilar metallic layers. The CVVA is used as a cantilever beam whose fundamental natural frequency is tuned to the natural frequency of the dominant mode of cutting tool/tool holder. The optimum stiffness and damping coefficient of the CVVA are found using a numerical optimization technique and these optimal values are used to find the dimensions of CVVA. The resulting natural frequency of CVVA is verified using finite element simulation software ANSYS. The effectiveness of CVVA in controlling regenerative chatter in a compact CNC lathe is also analysed by constructing stability lobes which are plots of depth of cut vs spindle speed.
Synthesis of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-capped Fe3O4 nanoclusters by hydrothermal method.
Authors: Anil Abhiram C , Govindan Kadarkarai , Rangarajan Murali 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the present work, we report the synthesis of poly (ethylene glycol)-capped iron oxide nanoclusters of spherical morphology by hydrothermal method. The synthesized particles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM)/Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The effects of reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, time and hydrolysis ratio on the properties of PEG capped Fe3O4 have been studied. XRD confirms the presence of cubic spinel structure of Fe3O4 phase. FESEM images show spherical morphology of particles and particle sizes are ∼ 100 to 200 nm. DLS analysis shows the hydrodynamic size to be ∼ 151 to 512 nm for PEG capped Fe3O4nanoclusters dispersed in water. FT-IR confirms coating of PEG on Fe3O4 surface.
Hydrodynamic Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Polypyrrole Actuator Propulsor
Authors: Panda S K , Bandopadhya D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Polypyrrole, a special class of smart material has gained attention as artificial muscle actuator propulsor due to its promising properties like light weight, flexibility, large dimensional changes with low operating voltage and natural muscle like working and performances. In this paper, a Polypyrrole actuator is fabricated and studied its behaviour and performances in underwater environment experimentally. The actuator is synthesized by electrochemical polymerization and fabricated as a trilayer strip actuator by using layer by layer deposition technique. Following the fabrication, the hydrodynamic bending performances like tip displacement, force and frequency and propulsion characteristics like thrust, power and efficiency are estimated by carried out the bending experiment in a water tank with zero flow velocity. Here the stiffness of the actuator also estimated from dynamic mechanical analysis as it is one of the key parameter which affects the thrust generation. The operation life of the actuator is estimated for underwater operation and analyzes the various parameters and their relation with PPy actuator performances to find the primary controlling parameters. Finally, the present actuator is compared with existing smart material based underwater actuator to study the feasibility of the actuator. From the present study, it can be believe that the proposed PPy actuator propulsor is suitable for underwater bio-inspired robotics motion and may use for various applications like scanning, surveillance and exploration.
Friction and sliding wear studies on functionally graded Al LM25/WC composite
Authors: Jojith R , Radhika N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Functionally graded LM25/15 wt.% Tungsten carbide composite of dimension Øout 150 mm x Øin 110 mm x 100 mm and thickness 20 mm was studied to understand the influence of process parameters (applied load, sliding velocity, sliding distance) on the dry sliding wear rate and co-efficient of friction. A 5-level 3 parameter central composite design was developed using response surface methodology considering applied load (10-50N), sliding velocity (1-3 m/s) and sliding distance (500-2500 m) as input parameters. Dry sliding experiments were performed on pin-on-disk tribometer at ambient conditions. Significance tests, Analysis of Variance and confirmation experiments were done to check the accuracy of generated regression model. Generated surface plots revealed wear rate to be increasing as applied load and sliding distance increases and decrease as sliding velocity increases. Worn surface analysis performed revealed formation of deep grooves at high load, MML formation at high velocities and heavy delamination and particle pull-out at high sliding distances.
Electrical Characterization of Tailored MoS2 Nanostructures
Authors: Viswan Gauthami , Reshmi S. , Sachidanand P S , Mohan Manu , Bhattacharjee K. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We try to understand the photocurrent generated in the tailored Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanostructures which were exfoliated from bulk MoS2 powder by a simple liquid phase exfoliation followed by microwave treatment. Sonication and microwave treatment led to the formation of mostly hollow tailored MoS2 nano-rods and nano-spheres which consist of more metallic 1T phase than semiconducting 2H phase. In this paper the interaction of light with these nanostructures and the generation of photocurrent is of peer interest. Confinement of photon in the hollow nanostructures could be very promising to derive photocurrent which can have applications in various optoelectronic devices.
Comparative study on performance of controlling geometric nonlinearity of laminated smart composite plate using piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite & active fiber composite material
Authors: Khadakbhavi Vishwanath , Ashok M H , Shivakumar J , Pujari Sanjay , Nandurkar Santosh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present work highlights on comparative investigation for the performance of active constrained layer damping treatment using PFRC and AFC patch material for controlling the nonlinear transient vibrations of laminated composite plate. In this case for making the constraining layer of the ACLD treatment for PFRC and AFC patch material is used. For modelling of ACLD in the time domain Golla-Hughes-McTavish (GHM) method is used. The Von Karman type non-linear strain displacement relations along with a simple first-order shear deformation theory are used for deriving this electromechanical coupled problem. A finite model in 3-dimensions has been developed for smart composite plate integrated with the ACLD treated patches of PFRC and AFC. The results of both the cases have been compared and it has been found that the improved performance of AFC patch over the PFRC in subsiding the transient nonlinear vibrations of symmetric cross ply laminated composite plate.
Performance analysis of the solar photovoltaic thermal system using phase change material
Authors: Singh Rahul , Kumar Anil , Yadav Anshul 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study presents the experimental analysis of photovoltaic thermal system and calculations for percentage electrical efficiency gained and thermal energy. Photovoltaic cells are sensitive to temperature and its performances decrease with increasing temperature. To increase the performance of the photovoltaic panel, a phase change material cum water heating arrangement is attached to the photovoltaic panel. To reduce the cell temperature, paraffin wax (phase change material) is used in the experiment as a heat storage medium. A copper tube is attached to the containment box filled with phase change material. Water is heated through paraffin wax when it flows through the copper tube. The photovoltaic thermal system has a dual benefit over photovoltaic system i.e. it improves electrical efficiency and produces thermal energy simultaneously. It was concluded from the experimental work that percentage of electrical efficiency gained from the photovoltaic thermal system is 1.12% in comparison with polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel of model DDS50M at ambient temperature. The maximum reduction in cell temperature and the average thermal energy produced is 8.5°C and 25.45 J/min respectively.
I-V characteristics and Room Temperature Hall Measurement of CdTe Nano-rods Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Gumaste Meera Ramachandra , Kulkarni Gururaj Anand , Anuradha K N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
CdTe Nano-rods have been synthesized using Hydrothermal method. For the confirmation of formation of CdTe in nano metric dimension XRD technique is employed. The diameter of CdTe nano-rods is calculated to be 35.04 nm. SEM image reveals that nano CdTe possess rod shaped morphology. The compositional data is collected with EDAX spectra. Successful capping of thioglycolic acid (TGA) on the surface of CdTe nano-rods is well endorsed by FTIR spectroscpoy technique. Band gap is calculated to be 1.65eV from UV-Visible absorption spectra. I-V characteristics of the CdTe nano-rods showed a linear symmetrical variation at room temperature. This was due to the high crystallinity and homogeneous powder sample of CdTe nano-rods. The higher value of mobility of the order of 1.1264 X 103 cm2/V-s of the as synthesized CdTe nano-rods reveals moderate grain boundaries and less structural defects. Hence compared to bulk CdTe, nano-structured CdTe materials are more ordered in structure and hence improved crystallinity. Room temperature Hall meaasurement employing Van Der Pauw method indicates high resistivity of the order of 107 Ω cm and the as synthesized nano-rods are of p-type material.
Design and Fabrication of Grass Cutting and Water Spraying Rover
Authors: Subrahmanyam R.V. , Vikas N , Prashanth B.N. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this age of robotics and automation, it comes as a surprise to us that the most basic dull tasks such as gardening are still done in majority by humans. Even the simplest jobs of trimming the grass have become only faux-automated - there are machines, but you always need a person to run around the field with that. We believe that humans should naturally move on to tasks that utilize their potential the most - tasks that involve creativity, imagination and innovation. Considering these aspects and came up with the automatic trimming and water spraying rover. Combination of both cutting grass and water spraying makes the project more interesting, moreover both the tasks can be performed simultaneously or both operations can be done at different situations according to the operator. Input will be given through Arduino and accordingly the rover moves. Trimming and irrigation of fields and gardens are among the most mundane, monotonous tasks known to man. Along with being boring and uninspiring to the doers, these separately conducted tasks also increase the total time of execution, and the costs involved. Not only do they kill the creativity of the people, they also cost a fortune given the increasing costs of manual labour, not to forget all the imperfections and errors that are induced in the project.