bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS‐CoV‐2 replicating in nonprimate mammalian cells probably have critical advantages for COVID‐19 vaccines due to anti‐Gal antibodies: A minireview and proposals
Authors: Chen Ji‐Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlycoproteins of enveloped viruses replicating in nonprimate mammalian cells carry α‐1,3‐galactose (α‐Gal) glycans, and can bind to anti‐Gal antibodies which are abundant in humans. The antibodies have protected humans and their ancestors for millions of years, because they inhibit replication of many kinds of microbes carrying αGal glycans and aid complements and macrophages to destroy them. Therefore, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) replicating in nonprimate mammalian cells (eg, PK‐15 cells) carry αGal glycans and could be employed as a live vaccine for corona virus 2019 (COVID‐19). The live vaccine safety could be further enhanced through intramuscular inoculation to bypass the fragile lungs, like the live unattenuated adenovirus vaccine safely used in US recruits for decades. Moreover, the immune complexes of SARS‐CoV‐2 and anti‐Gal antibodies could enhance the efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines, live or inactivated, carrying α‐Gal glycans. Experiments are imperatively desired to examine these novel vaccine strategies which probably have the critical advantages for defeating the pandemic of COVID‐19 and preventing other viral infectious diseases.
Gastrointestinal and hepatic abnormalities in patients with confirmed COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zarifian Ahmadreza , Zamiri Bidary Mohammad , Arekhi Soheil , Rafiee Mahdi , Gholamalizadeh Hanieh , Amiriani Amirhosein , Ghaderi Mohammad Sajjad , Khadem‐Rezaiyan Majid , Amini Mahnaz , Ganji Azita 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough not common, gastrointestinal and liver symptoms have reportedly been the initial presentation of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) in a large group of patients. Therefore, knowing the frequency and characteristics of these manifestations of COVID‐19 is important for both clinicians and health policy makers. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the available data on the gastrointestinal and liver manifestations of patients with COVID‐19 was performed. PubMed and Scopus databases and Google Scholar search engine were searched for published and unpublished preprint articles up to 10 April 2020. Original studies providing information on clinical digestive symptoms or biomarkers of liver function in patients with polymerase chain reaction confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 were included. After quality appraisal, data were extracted. Prevalence data from individual studies were pooled using a random‐effects model. Overall, 67 studies were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis, comprising a pooled population of 13 251 patients with confirmed COVID‐19. The most common gastrointestinal symptoms were anorexia (10.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.2%‐16.4%), diarrhea (8.4%, 95% CI = 6.2%‐11.2%), and nausea (5.7%, 95% CI = 3.7%‐8.6%), respectively. Decreased albumin levels (39.8%, 95% CI = 15.3%‐70.8%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (22.8%, 95% CI = 18.1%‐28.4%), and alanine aminotransferase (20.6%, 95% CI = 16.7%‐25.1%) were common hepatic findings. After adjusting for preexisting gastrointestinal (5.9%) and liver diseases (4.2%), the most common gastrointestinal findings were diarrhea (8.7%, 95% CI = 5.4%‐13.9%), anorexia (8.0%, 95% CI = 3.0%‐19.8%), and nausea (5.1%, 95% CI = 2.2%‐14.3%). Gastrointestinal and liver manifestations are not rare in patients with COVID‐19, but their prevalence might be affected by preexisting diseases. Diarrhea and mild liver abnormalities seem to be relatively common in COVID‐19, regardless of comorbidities
Modified Model for Diagnosing Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Category 3 to 5 Breast Lesions
Authors: Zhou Peng , Jin Chunchun , Lu Jianghao , Xu Lifeng , Zhu Xiaomin , Lian Qingshu , Gong Xuehao 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore a modified model to simplify the diagnostic process for American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 3 to 5 breast lesions and evaluate the model's diagnostic efficacy.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of breast lesions examined by B‐mode ultrasound (US) and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and diagnosed by histopathologic examination from October 2016 to August 2019. The US characteristics of a combined model (US + CEUS model) with relatively high diagnostic value were selected by a lasso regression analysis to establish a modified model. Two nomograms were developed. The results were internally validated by bootstrap resampling.ResultsOverall, 206 breast lesions in 198 patients, 136 benign and 70 malignant, were included. Ultrasound characteristics included in the modified model were shape, margin, microcalcification, enhanced intensity, enhanced scope, and enhanced time. For the US + CEUS model and modified model, sensitivities were 94.3% and 93.3%; specificities were 85.9% and 81.4%; accuracies were 89.3% and 88.7% and areas under the curve were 0.957 and 0.944, respectively. No statistically significant differences were seen in the diagnostic efficacies of the models (P = .097). Bootstrap‐corrected sensitivities, specificities. and accuracies of the models were consistent with these results. Bootstrap‐corrected areas under the curve for the US + CEUS model and the modified model were 0.955 and 0.940, respectively.ConclusionsThe modified model with fewer indicators conveniently and effectively diagnosed the malignancy of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 3 to 5 breast lesions without reducing diagnostic efficacy.
Reflux as a Risk Factor for Morbidity after Pediatric Tonsillectomy: A National Cohort of Inpatients
Authors: Chorney Stephen R. , Zur Karen B. , Buzi Adva 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveGastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been identified as a risk factor for complications following pediatric tonsillectomy. The primary objective of this study was to examine outcomes after tonsillectomy among children with GER using a nationwide database. Secondary objectives included analyzing duration of hospitalization and total charges after admission.MethodsA cross‐sectional review of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Kids' Inpatient Databases (KID) from 2012 and 2016.ResultsA total of 21,232 children had a tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy, with 1683 (7.9%) diagnosed with GER. Average age for patients with reflux was 4.4 years and for those without was 5.6 years (P < .001). The rate of primary hemorrhage was not statistically different between groups (P = .87). Patients with reflux were more likely to have respiratory complications (P = .03), aspiration pneumonitis (P < .001), and hypoxemia (P < .001) during their hospital course. Noninvasive ventilation and reintubation also occurred more frequently in this population (P < .001). Children with reflux had a longer duration of postoperative admission (3.8 vs. 2.3 days, P < .001) and higher total hospital charges ($47,129 vs. $27,584, P < .001). Multivariable regression analysis determined that reflux remained a statistically significant indicator of aspiration pneumonitis, hypoxemia, invasive and non‐invasive ventilation, as well as length of admission.ConclusionChildren with GER were significantly more likely to experience inpatient complications following tonsillectomy. Further, length of admission was higher compared to children without reflux. These results suggest that children with GER experience poorer outcomes after tonsillectomy and highlight the role for appropriate preoperative counseling and planning in this patient population. Laryngoscope, 131:907–910, 2021
Prevalence of Sleep Disorders and Association With Mortality: Results From the NHANES 2009–2010
Authors: Huyett Phillip , Siegel Noah , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of sleep disorders in the United States and the association between sleep disorders and all‐cause mortality.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of the 2009 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and 2015 National Death Index (NDI) was performed. The 2009 to 2010 NHANES national household survey for adults ≥ 18 years was examined for the prevalence of sleep disorders as well as standard demographics and the presence of comorbidities (coronary artery disease [CAD], stroke, and emphysema). This dataset was linked to the 2015 NDI to associate the presence of sleep disorders with 5‐year all‐cause mortality.ResultsThe study sample had a mean age of 46.1 years old, was 48.3% male, and had an average body mass index (BMI) of 28.7 (28.4–28.9). 7.1% (6.5%–7.7%) of adults reported being diagnosed with a sleep disorder, which represents an estimated 15.9 million (13.2–18.6) patients. The estimated mortality rate for those having a sleep disorder was 9.3% (7.2%–11.9%) compared to 5.2% (4.5%–5.9%) without a sleep disorder (odds ratio 1.89, P = <.001). After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, CAD, stroke, and emphysema, having a sleep disorder remained a significant predictor of increased mortality (hazard ratio, 1.5 [1.02–2.18], P = .042).ConclusionThis study reports a high prevalence of self‐reported but physician‐diagnosed sleep disorders; however, this likely represents an underestimate. Given the association with all‐cause mortality, there is a need for increased recognition of undiagnosed sleep disorders within the United States.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 131:686–689, 2021
Using machine learning to correct for nonphotochemical quenching in high‐frequency, in vivo fluorometer data
Authors: Lucius Mark A. , Johnston Kenneth E. , Eichler Lawrence W. , Farrell Jeremy L. , Moriarty Vincent W. , Relyea Rick A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn vivo fluorometers use chlorophyll a fluorescence (Fchl) as a proxy to monitor phytoplankton biomass. However, the fluorescence yield of Fchl is affected by photoprotection processes triggered by increased irradiance (nonphotochemical quenching; NPQ), creating diurnal reductions in Fchl that may be mistaken for phytoplankton biomass reductions. Published correction methods are mostly designed for pelagic oceans and are ill suited for inland waters or for high‐frequency data collection. A machine learning‐based method was developed to correct vertical profiler data from an oligotrophic lake. NPQ was estimated as a percent reduction in Fchl by comparing daytime values to mean, unquenched values from the previous night. A random forest regression was trained on sensor data collected coincident with Fchl; including solar radiation, water temperature, depth, and dissolved oxygen saturation. The accuracy of the model was assessed using a grouped 10‐fold cross validation (mean absolute error [MAE]: 7.6%; root mean square error [RMSE]: 10.2%), which was then used to correct Fchl profiles. The model also predicted NPQ and corrected unseen Fchl profiles from a future period with excellent results (MAE: 9.0%; RMSE: 14.4%). Fchl profiles were then correlated to laboratory results, allowing corrected profiles to be compared directly to collected samples. The correction reduced error (RMSE) due to NPQ from 0.67 μg L−1 to 0.33 μg L−1 when compared to uncorrected Fchl data. These results suggest that the use of machine learning models may be an effective way to correct for NPQ and may have universal applicability.
The mitigating effect of matching regulatory focus with arousal‐inducing stimuli in service failure situations
Authors: Das Gopal , Roy Rajat , Spence Mark T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractService failures are pivotal touchpoints that can reduce customer satisfaction, encourage negative word‐of‐mouth, and ultimately impact a firm's market share. We advance a novel perspective that after a service failure occurs, matching incidental arousal‐inducing stimuli to one's regulatory orientation can make the negative experience stemming from the service failure less deleterious. In three experiments (two stock out scenarios and one involving a rude salesperson), after a service failure, promotion‐focused and prevention‐focused individuals were exposed to high versus low arousal‐inducing stimuli. Three approaches available to retailers were used to manipulate arousal levels: background pictures (Study 1), colors (Study 2), and music (Study 3). When high (low) incidental arousal‐inducing stimuli were presented to those with a promotion (prevention) focus, this raised satisfaction, loyalty, and referral for brands compared to when promotion (prevention)‐focused individuals were exposed to low (high) arousal‐inducing stimuli. Changes in self‐rated arousal and affect valence levels (arousal and valence levels were measured after the service failure and then after exposure to the incidental arousal‐inducing stimuli) mediated the effect on these consumer behaviors. These insights extend theory by considering the combined effect of regulatory focus and affect. They also have practical relevance.
Benefits of heroes to coping with mortality threats by providing perceptions of personal power and reducing unhealthy compensatory consumption
Authors: Ulqinaku Aulona , Sarial‐Abi Gülen , Kinsella Elaine L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMortality threats are among the strongest psychological threats that an individual can encounter. Previous research shows that mortality threats lead people to engage in unhealthy compensatory consumption (i.e., overeating), as a maladaptive coping response to threat. In this paper, we propose that reminders of heroes when experiencing mortality threat increases perceptions of personal power, which in turn buffers the need to engage in unhealthy compensatory consumption. We test and find support for our predictions in a series of four studies that include real‐world Twitter data after a series of terrorist attacks in 2016–2017, and three experimental studies conducted online and in the field with behavioral measures after Day of the Dead and during COVID‐19 pandemic. These findings advance the literature on compensatory consumption, mortality threats, and the psychological functions of heroes.
Technical Note: Efficient and accurate MRI‐only based treatment planning of the prostate using bulk density assignment through atlas‐based segmentation
Authors: McCallum Hazel Mhairi , Andersson Sebastian , Wyatt Jonathan James , Richmond Neil , Walker Christopher Paul , Svensson Stina 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study investigates the dosimetric accuracy as well as the robustness of a bulk density assignment approach to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐only based treatment planning of the prostate, with bulk density regions automatically identified using atlas‐based segmentation (ABS).MethodsTwenty prostate radiotherapy patients received planning computed tomography (CT) and MRI scans and were treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Two bulk densities were set, one for bone and one for soft tissue. The bone contours were created by using ABS followed by manual modification if considered necessary.A range of soft tissue and bone density pairs, between 0.95 and 1.03 g/cm3 with increments of 0.01 for soft tissue, and between 1.15 and 1.65 g/cm3 with increments of 0.05 for bone, were evaluated. Using the density pair giving the lowest dose difference compared to the CT‐based dose, dose differences were calculated using both the manually modified bone contours and the bone contours from ABS. Contour overlap measurements between the ABS contours and the manually modified contours were calculated.ResultsThe dose comparison shows a very good agreement with the CT when using 0.98 g/cm3 for soft tissue and 1.20 g/cm3 for bone, with a dose difference less than 1 % in average dose in all regions of interest. The mean Dice similarity coefficient for bone was 0.94 and the Mean Distance to Agreement was <1 mm in most cases.ConclusionsUsing bulk density assignment on MR images with suitable densities for bone and soft tissue results in clinically acceptable dose differences compared to dose calculated on the CT, for both atlas‐based and manual bone contours. This demonstrates that an integrated MRI‐only pathway utilizing a bulk density assignment for two tissue types is a feasible and robust approach for patients with prostate cancer treated with VMAT.
Vertical vibration of a rigid strip footing on viscoelastic half‐space
Authors: Zheng Changjie , Luan Lubao , Kouretzis George , Ding Xuanming 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis paper presents an analytical method for modeling the dynamic response of a rigid strip footing subjected to vertical‐only loads. The footing is assumed to rest on the surface of a viscoelastic half‐space; therefore, effects of hysteretic soil damping on the impedance of the foundation and the generated ground vibrations are considered in the solution. To solve the mixed boundary value problem, we use the Fourier transform to cast a pair of dual integral equations providing contact stresses, which are solved by means of Jacobi orthogonal polynomials. The resulting soil and footing displacements and stresses are obtained by means of the Fourier inverse transform. The solution provides more realistic estimates of footing impedance, compared to existing solutions for elastic soil, as well as of the attenuation of ground vibrations with distance of the footing. The latter is important for the estimation of machine vibration effects on nearby structures and installations.
Comment to “A method for smoothing multiple yield functions” by Wilkins, Spencer, Jain and Gencturk. Int J Numer Methods Eng. 2020; 121:434–449
Authors: Clausen Johan 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis paper presents a comment to the article “A method for smoothing multiple yield functions” by Andy Wilkins, Benjamin W. Spencer, Amit Jain and Bora Gencturk. The article was published in International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2020, issue 121, pages 434–449.
Promoting transdisciplinary learning through a summer course on climate, water, and agriculture
Authors: Lekies Kristi S. , Moore Richard H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransdisciplinary approaches increasingly are needed to address complex environmental problems. Students can benefit from research and learning opportunities in which they investigate issues, integrate knowledge across disciplines, engage with stakeholders, collaborate with others, and devise solutions. This paper presents information on a 1‐week intensive transdisciplinary course focused on climate, water, and agriculture for undergraduate and graduate students. The course, which was held at The Ohio State University's Stone Laboratory on Lake Erie, was offered over 3 years and utilized the local and regional context for investigation and inquiry. Presentations, discussions, experiential and field activities, and guest presentations were used as a way to promote student learning. Students felt positive about their participation and rated the transdisciplinary aspects of the course highly. Ideas from this course can be used to develop similar courses and learning experiences in other settings and on other environmental topics. Instructors are encouraged to utilize campus and local resources, recruit students from a diversity of disciplines, and align content and activities to build transdisciplinary skills.
Thermal and electrical properties of phenol formaldehyde foams reinforcing with reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Sandhya P K , Sreekala M S , Boudenne Abderrahim , Garnier Bertrand , Rouxel Didier , Padmanabhan Moothetty , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Thomas Sabu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, phenol formaldehyde/reduced graphene oxide (PF/RGO) foam nanocomposites were prepared. Here, RGO was obtained by the reduction of graphene oxide using an eco‐friendly reducing agent potato starch. The scanning electron microscopic images of RGO reinforced foams exhibited smaller cells with thick cell walls as compared to neat PF foam that confirms the incorporation of filler material. The thermal and dielectric properties of the PF/RGO foams were improved with increasing the wt% of RGO. The incorporation of RGO improved the thermal conductivity of the PF matrix (11.3% for 0.15 wt% of RGO) to a small extent. The prepared foams are efficient thermal insulation materials as well as efficient electrical conductors.
Mass spectrometry as a tool for the dereplication of saponins from Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke bark and wood
Authors: Mendonça Simony C. , Simas Rosineide C. , Reis Simas Daniel L. , Leitão Suzana G. , Leitão Gilda G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionMass spectrometry in natural products research has been used as a first step to identify possible chemical structures and to guide subsequent efforts to isolate novel compounds. Preparations of Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke (AA) are known for their high content of saponins, especially dammarane‐type triterpenoid aglycones. In the Amazon, where it is known as “saracura‐mirá”, roots and bark are widely used for the treatment and prevention of malaria, while the wood is discarded. The extract prepared from the wood is also saponin‐rich, but its exact chemical composition has not been described.ObjectiveThis study provides information on the chemical profiling and tentative structural identification of the major compounds (saponins) present in aqueous and ethanol extracts of bark and wood of AA by mass spectrometry.MethodsThe strategy used to identify compounds present in all samples was ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐UV‐MS/MS) for the analysis of fragmentation patterns through product ion scan using MZmine 2 software. Also, direct sample injection and electrospray ionisation combined with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (DI‐ESI‐HRMS) measurements were performed.ResultsThe extracts showed chemical similarity, and 95 saponins were tentatively identified in AA wood and bark, including 73 which are described for the first time as tentative structures for this plant species.ConclusionThis research describes a useful method for the fast and simultaneous tentative identification of major saponins in AA, contributing to the study of the chemical properties of this genus and family. Furthermore, it demonstrates the importance of the qualitative dereplication process, allowing a straightforward way to propose the tentative identification of compounds.
High strength, acid‐resistant composites from canola, sunflower, or linseed oils: Influence of triglyceride unsaturation on material properties
Authors: Lopez Claudia V. , Karunarathna Menisha S. , Lauer Moira K. , Maladeniya Charini P. , Thiounn Timmy , Ackley Edward D. , Smith Rhett C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHere are reported composites made by crosslinking unsaturated units in canola, sunflower, or linseed oil with sulfur to yield CanS, SunS, and LinS, respectively. These plant oils were selected because the average number of crosslinkable unsaturated units per triglyceride vary from 1.3 for canola to 1.5 for sunflower and 1.8 for linseed oil. The remeltable composites show compressive strengths that increase with increasing unsaturation number from CanS (9.3 MPa) to SunS (17.9 MPa) to LinS (22.9 MPa). These values for SunS and LinS are competitive when compared with the value of 17 MPa required for residential building using traditional Portland cement. The plant oil composites are recyclable over many cycles and can retain up to 100% of strength after 24 hr in oxidizing acid under conditions where Portland cement is dissolved in under 30 min. Infusion of the composites into premade cement blocks affords them with significantly improved acid resistance as well. This work thus provides a simple, nearly 100% atom economical route to convert plant oils and waste sulfur to composites having enhanced performance over commercial structural materials.