bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humanist transfer of knowledge from foreign lands: modes of cognitive perception of the world among Florentine travelers to America between 1490 and 1530
Authors: Tiller Elisabeth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn fifteenth and sixteenth century Italy, even before the beginning of the Age of Discovery, numerous (travel) reports were written by commercial travellers to Asian countries, soon followed by those to the Americas and the African coastal regions. In Florence, which was a Renaissance center of cultural innovation and a financially powerful hub for the exchange of knowledge, ideas, techniques and strategies, reports from Florentine travelers received particular attention. These epistemic materializations transformed, in primary emplotments, newfound material reality and real-space travel events into codified knowledge. Once they arrived Europe and circulated among European scholars, these cultural materials were then stored in further processes of knowledge materialization. Such secondary emplotments, from 1492 on, refer to a (geographically and historically) global framework that enforces the generation and classification of knowledge. For these purposes reports from travelling authors who already use a humanist standard of knowledge—like the erudite Florentine travelers Vespucci and Verrazzano—are able to deliver precious epistemic material, that, beyond the requirements of power politics, will contribute to re-coding not only the European perspective on the world, but especially the knowledge of the others.
Response to trametinib treatment in progressive pediatric low-grade glioma patients
Authors: Selt Florian , van Tilburg Cornelis M. , Bison Brigitte , Sievers Philipp , Harting Inga , Ecker Jonas , Pajtler Kristian W. , Sahm Felix , Bahr Annabelle , Simon Michèle , Jones David T. W. , Well Lennart , Mautner Victor-Felix , Capper David , Hernáiz Driever Pablo , Gnekow Astrid , Pfister Stefan M. , Witt Olaf , Milde Till 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
A hallmark of pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) is aberrant signaling of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Hence, inhibition of MAPK signaling using small molecule inhibitors such as MEK inhibitors (MEKi) may be a promising strategy.

Methods
In this multi-center retrospective centrally reviewed study, we analyzed 18 patients treated with the MEKi trametinib for progressive pLGG as an individual treatment decision between 2015 and 2019. We have investigated radiological response as per central radiology review, molecular classification and investigator observed toxicity.

Results
We observed 6 partial responses (PR), 2 minor responses (MR), and 10 stable diseases (SD) as best overall responses. Disease control rate (DCR) was 100% under therapy. Responses were observed in KIAA1549:BRAF- as well as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-driven tumors. Median treatment time was 12.5 months (range: 2 to 27 months). Progressive disease was observed in three patients after cessation of trametinib treatment within a median time of 3 (2–4) months. Therapy related adverse events occurred in 16/18 patients (89%). Eight of 18 patients (44%) experienced severe adverse events (CTCAE III and/or IV; most commonly skin rash and paronychia) requiring dose reduction in 6/18 patients (33%), and discontinuation of treatment in 2/18 patients (11%).

Conclusions
Trametinib was an active and feasible treatment for progressive pLGG leading to disease control in all patients. However, treatment related toxicity interfered with treatment in individual patients, and disease control after MEKi withdrawal was not sustained in a fraction of patients. Our data support in-class efficacy of MEKi in pLGGs and necessity for upfront randomized testing of trametinib against current standard chemotherapy regimens.
Immediate rewards or delayed gratification? A conjoint survey experiment of the public’s policy preferences
Authors: Christensen Henrik Serup , Rapeli Lauri 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevious scholarship has focused primarily on how citizens’ form policy preferences and how those preferences are taken into account in democratic decision-making. However, the temporal aspect of policy preferences has received little attention, although many significant societal problems have consequences that extend far into the future. To fill the gap, we examine to what extent citizens are willing to support policies, when rewards can only be expected after several electoral cycles. Using a conjoint survey experiment, we demonstrate that while a slight tendency towards more immediate policy rewards is discernible, citizens are not as impatient as has been widely assumed. In contrast with previous research, political trust does not affect the impact of the time horizon of policy choice. Instead, we find that people with higher education are more likely to choose policies the benefits of which materialize in the distant future. These findings add to the growing evidence which suggests that citizens’ short-sightedness is not a very strong driver of democratic myopia.
Explaining value: on Orsi and Garcia’s explanatory objection to the fitting-attitude analysis
Authors: Rabinowicz Wlodek , Rønnow-Rasmussen Toni 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOrsi and Garcia (Philos Stud, 2020, 10.1007/s11098-020-01471-6) argue that fitting-attitude analysis of value (FA-analysis, for short) is vulnerable to an explanatory objection. On FA-analysis, for an object to be valuable is for it to be a fitting target of an attitude—a pro-attitude if its value is positive and a con-attitude if it is negative. For different kinds of value different kinds of attitudes are fitting: desire for desirability, admiration for admirability, etc. To explain the fittingness relation we therefor need to appeal to the features of the relevant attitude, but these seldom, if ever, are needed for explaining the object’s value. This explanatory disparity between the analysans and the analysandum implies that FA-analysis must be incorrect. In our reply to Orsi and Garcia, we provide a refutation of their objection. We argue that the features of a fitting attitude do have a right place in the explanation of an object’s value, even though they are not among the properties that make the object valuable. They help to explain this value-making relation itself.
Saving the armchair by experiment: what works in economics doesn’t work in philosophy
Authors: de Bruin Boudewijn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFinancial incentives, learning (feedback and repetition), group consultation, and increased experimental control are among the experimental techniques economists have successfully used to deflect thebehavioral challengeposed by research conducted by such scholars as Tversky and Kahneman. These techniques save the economic armchair to the extent that they align laypeople judgments with economic theory by increasing cognitive effort and reflection in experimental subjects. It is natural to hypothesize that a similar strategy might work to address theexperimentalorrestrictionist challengeto armchair philosophy. To test this hypothesis, a randomized controlled experiment was carried out (for incentives and learning), as well as two lab experiments (for group consultation, and for experimental control). Three types of knowledge attribution tasks were used (Gettier cases, false belief cases, and cases in which there is knowledge on the consensus/orthodox understanding). No support for the hypothesis was found. The paper describes the close similarities between the economist’s response to the behavioral challenge, and the expertise defense against the experimental challenge, and presents the experiments, results, and an array of robustness checks. The upshot is that these results make the experimental challenge all the more forceful.
Nuclear operators on Banach function spaces
Authors: Nowak Marian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLet X be a Banach space and E be a perfect Banach function space over a finite measure space $$(\Omega ,\Sigma ,\lambda )$$

(
Ω
,
Σ
,
λ
)

such that $$L^\infty \subset E\subset L^1$$

L
∞

⊂
E
⊂

L
1

. Let $$E'$$

E
′

denote the Köthe dual of E and $$\tau (E,E')$$

τ
(
E
,

E
′

)

stand for the natural Mackey topology on E. It is shown that every nuclear operator $$T:E\rightarrow X$$

T
:
E
→
X

between the locally convex space $$(E,\tau (E,E'))$$

(
E
,
τ

(
E
,

E
′

)

)

and a Banach space X is Bochner representable. In particular, we obtain that a linear operator $$T:L^\infty \rightarrow X$$

T
:

L
∞

→
X

between the locally convex space $$(L^\infty ,\tau (L^\infty ,L^1))$$

(

L
∞

,
τ

(

L
∞

,

L
1

)

)

and a Banach space X is nuclear if and only if its representing measure $$m_T:\Sigma \rightarrow X$$

m
T

:
Σ
→
X

has the Radon-Nikodym property and $$|m_T|(\Omega )=\Vert T\Vert _{nuc}$$

|

m
T

|

(
Ω
)

=
‖
T
‖

nuc

(= the nuclear norm of T). As an application, it is shown that some natural kernel operators on $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

are nuclear. Moreover, it is shown that every nuclear operator $$T:L^\infty \rightarrow X$$

T
:

L
∞

→
X

admits a factorization through some Orlicz space $$L^\varphi $$

L
φ

, that is, $$T=S\circ i_\infty $$

T
=
S
∘

i
∞

, where $$S:L^\varphi \rightarrow X$$

S
:

L
φ

→
X

is a Bochner representable and compact operator and $$i_\infty :L^\infty \rightarrow L^\varphi $$

i
∞

:

L
∞

→

L
φ

is the inclusion map.
The Solar Event of 14 – 15 July 2012 and Its Geoeffectiveness
Authors: Gil Agnieszka , Modzelewska Renata , Moskwa Szczepan , Siluszyk Agnieszka , Siluszyk Marek , Wawrzynczak Anna , Pozoga Mariusz , Tomasik Lukasz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring Solar Cycle 24, which started at the end of 2008, the Sun was calm, and there were not many spectacular geoeffective events. In this article, we analyze the geomagnetic storm that happened on 15 July 2012 during the 602nd anniversary of the Polish Battle of Grunwald, thus we propose this event to be called the “Battle of Grunwald Day Storm”. According to NOAA scale, it was a G3 geomagnetic storm with a southward component of the heliospheric magnetic field, $Bz$
B
z
, falling to −20 nT, minimum Dst index of −139 nT, AE index of 1368 nT, and Ap index of 132 nT. It was preceded by a solar flare class X1.4 on 12 July. This geomagnetic storm was associated with the fast halo coronal mass ejection at 16:48:05 UT on 12 July, first appearance in the Large Angle and Spectroscopic Coronagraph C2, with a plane-of-sky speed of 885 km s−1 and maximum of 1415 km s−1. This geomagnetic storm was classified as the fourth strongest geomagnetic storm of Solar Cycle 24. At that time, a significant growth in the failures of the Polish electric transmission lines was observed, which could have a solar origin.
The human side in Structural Chemistry—a survey of 30 years
Authors: Hargittai Balazs , Hargittai Istvan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe journal Structural Chemistry has published reports of original research and reviews of research areas in all field of structural chemistry, creating and disseminating new knowledge, uncovering variations and regularities in structural information, and fostering discussions among scientists. In addition, from time to time, it communicates papers concerned with the history of the science of structures, obituaries of structural chemists, and reviews of books related to structural chemistry. These contributions that could be covered by the term of “the human side” are surveyed in this paper using the occasion of celebrating the 30-year anniversary of launching this periodical.
Towards Experimental Handbooks in Catalysis
Authors: Trunschke Annette , Bellini Giulia , Boniface Maxime , Carey Spencer J. , Dong Jinhu , Erdem Ezgi , Foppa Lucas , Frandsen Wiebke , Geske Michael , Ghiringhelli Luca M. , Girgsdies Frank , Hanna Rania , Hashagen Maike , Hävecker Michael , Huff Gregory , Knop-Gericke Axel , Koch Gregor , Kraus Peter , Kröhnert Jutta , Kube Pierre , Lohr Stephen , Lunkenbein Thomas , Masliuk Liudmyla , Naumann d’Alnoncourt Raoul , Omojola Toyin , Pratsch Christoph , Richter Sven , Rohner Christian , Rosowski Frank , Rüther Frederik , Scheffler Matthias , Schlögl Robert , Tarasov Andrey , Teschner Detre , Timpe Olaf , Trunschke Philipp , Wang Yuanqing , Wrabetz Sabine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe “Seven Pillars” of oxidation catalysis proposed by Robert K. Grasselli represent an early example of phenomenological descriptors in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Major advances in the theoretical description of catalytic reactions have been achieved in recent years and new catalysts are predicted today by using computational methods. To tackle the immense complexity of high-performance systems in reactions where selectivity is a major issue, analysis of scientific data by artificial intelligence and data science provides new opportunities for achieving improved understanding. Modern data analytics require data of highest quality and sufficient diversity. Existing data, however, frequently do not comply with these constraints. Therefore, new concepts of data generation and management are needed. Herein we present a basic approach in defining best practice procedures of measuring consistent data sets in heterogeneous catalysis using “handbooks”. Selective oxidation of short-chain alkanes over mixed metal oxide catalysts was selected as an example.
The effect of intermittent hypoxia and fecal microbiota of OSAS on genes associated with colorectal cancer
Authors: Gao Jia , Cao Hailong , Zhang Qiang , Wang Bangmao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common causes of cancer death worldwide. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), sharing many risk factors in common with CRC, is prevalent among CRC patients. OSAS may promote the CRC development independently but the mechanism is still unknown. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is one of the characteristics of OSAS, and hypoxia may influence the genes associated with CRC. Intestinal microbiota plays important role in CRC carcinogenesis, and OSAS patients have been shown to have intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. We hypothesized that IH and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis may be involved for CRC in patients with OSAS.MethodsWe established precancerous cell models of CRC with Immorto-Min colonic epithelial (IMCE) cells. First, the cells were exposed to IH in a special chamber for 4 h, 8 h, and 12 h. Feces from 6 patients with OSAS and 6 healthy controls were collected and made into sterile fecal fluid for incubation with IMCE cells for 12 h. The cells were then exposed to IH for 4 h, 8 h, and 12 h. After IH exposure, the expressions of genes and inflammation cytokines associated with CRC, such as β-catenin, STAT3, HIF-1α, IL-6, TNF-α, c-myc, and cyclinD1, were tested.ResultsIH activated the expression of HIF-1α and STAT3 both in mRNA and protein level (HIF-1α:P= 0.015 for mRNA level,P= 0.027 for protein level; STAT3:P= 0.023 for mRNA level,P= 0.023 for protein level), and promoted p-STAT3 shifting to the nucleus (P= 0.023). The mRNA of β-catenin (P= 0.022) and cyclinD1 (P= 0.023) was elevated, but there was no change for the β-catenin protein in the nucleus. Gut microbiota of OSAS patients promoted the expression of STAT3 (protein level: 0 h:P= 0.037; 4 h:P= 0.046; 8 h:P= 0.049; 12 h:P= 0.037), promoted p-STAT3 (4 h:P =0.049; 8 h:P =0.046; 12 h:P =0.046) shifting to the nucleus, and also elevated the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in mRNA level at 4 h (IL-6:P= 0.037, TNF-α:P= 0.037) and 8 h (IL-6:P= 0.037, TNF-α:P= 0.037). The protein of β-catenin in the nucleus was not affected by IH and gut microbiota from OSAS.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that IH and gut microbiota of patients with OSAS activated HIF-1α expression and STAT3 pathway in IMCE cells, with no influence on β-catenin pathway, which suggested that IH, STAT3 pathway, chronic inflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis may be involved in CRC carcinogenesis correlated with OSAS These findings must be interpreted cautiously and further research is necessary to clarify the causative steps in CRC development.
Experimental Research and Numerical Simulation of Ejector Precipitator in a Fully Mechanized Mining Face
Authors: Zhai Guodong , Zhang Wentao , Li Yaozong , Lu Xinghao , Hu Wenyuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn order to effectively reduce the coal dust concentration in a fully mechanized mining face, this research used laboratory experiment, numerical simulation, and field test to conduct an in-depth exploration of the ejector precipitator installed at the low-level caving coal hydraulic support. Firstly, through the experimental platform in the laboratory, the dust removal effect of the nozzle with different structural parameters was tested, and the 3D particle dynamic analyzer was adopted to verify its atomization characteristics; then, the structural parameters corresponding to the nozzle in the best test results were obtained. Secondly, by using Fluent, the negative pressure flow field in the ejector barrel was numerically simulated. The results indicated that when the pressure of supply water was 12 MPa, the negative pressure value formed in the flow field was the lowest and the inspiratory velocity was the largest, which was conducive to dust removal. Finally, the tests of liquid–gas ratio and dust removal ratio were carried out in a fully mechanized mining face. The results showed that when the nozzle specification recommended by the experiment and the pressure of supply water recommended by the numerical simulation were used, the removal ratios of the total coal dust and the respirable coal dust were 89.5% and 91.0%, respectively, at the measuring point of the highest coal dust concentration. It indicates that the ejector precipitator has a good application effect in reducing the coal dust concentration in a fully mechanized mining face and improving the work environment of coal mine workers.
Maschinelles Lernen mit Aussagen zur Modellkompetenz
Authors: Krüger Dirk , Krell Moritz 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungVerfahren des maschinellen Lernens können dazu beitragen, Aussagen in Aufgaben im offenen Format in großen Stichproben zu analysieren. Am Beispiel von Aussagen von Biologielehrkräften, Biologie-Lehramtsstudierenden und Fachdidaktiker*innen zu den fünf Teilkompetenzen von Modellkompetenz (NTraining = 456; NKlassifikation = 260) wird die Qualität maschinellen Lernens mit vier Algorithmen (naïve Bayes, logistic regression, support vector machines und decision trees) untersucht. Evidenz für die Validität der Interpretation der Kodierungen einzelner Algorithmen liegt mit zufriedenstellender bis guter Übereinstimmung zwischen menschlicher und computerbasierter Kodierung beim Training (345–607 Aussagen je nach Teilkompetenz) vor, bei der Klassifikation (157–260 Aussagen je nach Teilkompetenz) reduziert sich dies auf eine moderate Übereinstimmung. Positive Korrelationen zwischen dem kodierten Niveau und dem externen Kriterium Antwortlänge weisen darauf hin, dass die Kodierung mit naïve Bayes keine gültigen Ergebnisse liefert. Bedeutsame Attribute, die die Algorithmen bei der Klassifikation nutzen, entsprechen relevanten Begriffen der Niveaufestlegungen im zugrunde liegenden Kodierleitfaden. Abschließend wird diskutiert, inwieweit maschinelles Lernen mit den eingesetzten Algorithmen bei Aussagen zur Modellkompetenz die Qualität einer menschlichen Kodierung erreicht und damit für Zweitkodierungen oder in Vermittlungssituationen genutzt werden könnte.
Riese, Walfisch und das Jüngste Gericht
Authors: Pawlak Anna , Rüth Sophie 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Fokus des Beitrags stehen ausgewählte Objekte der frühneuzeitlichen Festkultur Antwerpens, die – so die Leitthese der folgenden Überlegungen – als Träger und Vermittler religiöser, gesellschaftlicher, politischer sowie wirtschaftlicher Diskurse fungierten. Aufgrund ihrer aufwendigen ästhetischen Gestaltung, semantischen Aufladung und spezifischen Handhabung respektive Interaktion innerhalb des soziokulturellen Dispositivs der Handelsmetropole wurden sie während der performativen Akte zu wichtigen Reflexionsfiguren städtischer Geschichte und damit zu zentralen Bezugspunkten der kollektiven Identitätsstiftung.
Assessing Carbon Capture: Public Policy, Science, and Societal Need
Authors: Sekera June , Lichtenberger Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFrom typhoons to wildfires, as the visible impacts of climate change mount, calls for mitigation through carbon drawdown are escalating. Environmentalists and many climatologists are urging steps to enhance biological methods of carbon drawdown and sequestration. Market actors seeing avenues for profit have launched ventures in mechanical–chemical carbon dioxide removal (CDR), seeking government support for their methods. Governments are responding. Given the strong, if often unremarked, momentum of demands for public subsidy of these commercial methods, on what cogent bases can elected leaders make decisions that, first and foremost, meet societal needs? To address this question, we reviewed the scientific and technical literature on CDR, focusing on two methods that have gained most legislative traction: point-source capture and direct air capture–which together we term “industrial carbon removal” (ICR), in contrast to biological methods. We anchored our review in a standard of “collective biophysical need,” which we define as a reduction of the level of atmospheric CO2. For each ICR method, we sought to determine (1) whether it sequesters more CO2than it emits; (2) its resource usage at scale; and (3) its biophysical impacts. We found that the commercial ICR (C-ICR) methods being incentivized by governments are net CO2additive: CO2emissions exceed removals. Further, the literature inadequately addresses the resource usage and biophysical impacts of these methodsat climate-significant scale.We concluded that dedicated storage, not sale, of captured CO2is the only assured way to achieve a reduction of atmospheric CO2. Governments should therefore approach atmospheric carbon reduction as a public service, like water treatment or waste disposal. We offer policy recommendations along this line and call for an analysis tool that aids legislators in applying biophysical considerations to policy choices.
Working time flexibility and work-life balance
Authors: Wöhrmann Anne M. , Dilchert Nicola , Michel Alexandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBased on border theory (Clark 2000), we aim to investigate the relationship between individual-oriented and organization-oriented working time flexibility and employees’ work-life balance, as well as the moderating role of segmentation preference. We use data from around 18,000 employees from the 2015 Working Time Survey of the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in Germany. Survey data were collected through computer-assisted telephone interviews. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that individual-oriented working time flexibility was positively related to employees’ work-life balance, whereas organization-oriented working time flexibility had a negative effect. Employees’ individual preferences regarding the segmentation of work and private life only played a minor role. Those with a higher segmentation preference profit only marginally more from individual-oriented working time flexibility and suffer only marginally more from organization-oriented working time flexibility demands.Practical Relevance: Taken together, the study’s findings highlight the importance of the design of flexible working time arrangements for improving employees’ work-life balance. Employers should grant their employees a certain degree of working time autonomy while keeping organization-oriented working time requirements, such as changes of working time at short notice to accommodate operational demands, to a minimum. This applies to all employees, not only those with a strong preference for separating work and private life.