bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE CONCEPT OF CONTINUOUS CREATION PART II: CONTINUOUS CREATION: TOWARD A RENEWED AND ACTUALIZED CONCEPT
Authors: Revol Fabien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe renewal of the concept of continuous creation follows two steps: (1) an establishment of the concept of novelty in an exercise of philosophy of nature, as a means of interpreting the scientific discourse concerning the evolution of life; (2) starting out from philosophical and theological critiques and from the concept of novelty, this work proposes a reformulation of the concept of continuous creation in its dynamic perspective. If the universe of possibilities of creation proceeds from the Divine Word by the will of the Father, as the first timelessex nihilocreative moment, the Holy Spirit allows, in a second creative moment, the universe of possibilities to proceed continuously through a creative partnership in which all creatures are involved. Created novelty is the expression of a procession of one possibility among others, which has been selected by creatures during the evolutionary process, due to the interdependence of constitutive interactions and the propensities in which creatures are situated.
Revealing Three-Dimensional Morphology in Nanoporous Gold Using Three-Dimensional X-Ray Fresnel Coherent Diffractive Imaging Tomography
Authors: Chen-Wiegart Yu-Chen Karen , Kim SangSoo , Vine David , Xiao Xianghui , Zhao Chonghang , Pfeifer Mark A. , Williams Garth J. , McNulty Ian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Nanoporous metals fabricated by dealloying have a unique bi-continuous, sponge-like porous structure with ultra-high surface area. The unique properties of these materials, especially nanoporous gold, have numerous potential applications in sensors and actuators and in energy-related applications such as catalytic materials, super-capacitors, and battery supports. The degree of porosity and size of the metal ligaments are critical parameters that determine many properties and thus govern the functionalities of nanoporous metals in many applications including energy storage and conversion. We used Fresnel coherent diffractive imaging combined with tomographic reconstruction to quantify the nanoscale three-dimensional spatial distribution and homogeneity of the porosity and ligament size within a bulk sample of nanoporous gold. The average porosity and its standard deviation along the axial direction through the sample were determined, as well as the characteristic feature size and its standard deviation. The result shows that free corrosion is an effective way to create homogeneous nanoporous metals with sample sizes on the order of 1 µm.
Dual Roles of MoO3 Thin Film in Improving the Performance of Copper Bismuth Oxide Photocathode for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Li Jiangtian , Chu Deryn 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Promoting the hole extraction from the photocathode semiconductor is crucial to not only enhance the charge separation and suppress the charge recombination but also to protect the oxidation of the photocathode semiconductor by the photogenerated holes. Here, we use a very thin MoO3 film as a hole buffer layer between conductive substrate fluorine-doped tin oxide and the p-type semiconductor CuBi2O4. Through comprehensive photoelectrochemical characterizations, we find that the insertion of a hole buffer layer MoO3 not only accelerates the hole traction from the CuBi2O4 photocathode but also blocks the backward transfer of photogenerated electrons. This optimized charge transfer behavior contributes to the improved photoelectrochemical performance. Based on our results, some interesting designs on CuBi2O4 photocathode are given at the end that will be potentially working as effective photocathodes.
Physically Based Modeling of PEMFC Cathode Catalyst Layers: Effective Microstructure and Ionomer Structure–Property Relationship Impacts
Authors: Randall Corey R. , DeCaluwe Steven C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work presents a pseudo-two-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model incorporating Nafion ionomer structure–property relationships in the cathode catalyst layer (CL) to capture and explain losses at low Pt loading. Structural data from neutron reflectometry and thin film Nafion conductivity measurements predict variations in the oxygen diffusion coefficient and ionic conductivity with changing CL ionomer thickness and Pt loading. By including these structure–property relationships, predicted polarization curves agree closely with previously published experimental data from cells with Pt loadings between 0.025 and 0.2 mg/cm2. Results demonstrate that structure–property relationships based on physically measurable ionomer and CL properties provide a feasible interpretation of PEMFC CL phenomena for a range of Pt loadings and help explain previously unaccounted-for losses at low Pt. Results also show that simulations must account for surface species coverage variations in order to properly capture the kinetic losses. Finally, results suggest that an increase in ionomer thickness surrounding the C/Pt surfaces may lead to improved cell performance due to improved ionic conductivity.
Uncertainty Propagation Analyses of Lean Burn Combustor Exit Conditions for a Robust Nozzle Cooling Design
Authors: Schneider Marius , Schiffer Heinz-Peter , Lehmann Knut 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Knowing the flow conditions at the combustor turbine interface is a key asset for an efficient cooling design of high-pressure turbines. However, measurements and numerical predictions of combustor exit conditions are challenging due to the extreme temperatures and complex flow patterns in modern combustors. Even the time-averaged flow fields at the combustor exit which are commonly used as inlet condition for simulations of the turbine are therefore subject to uncertainty. The goal of this paper is to illustrate how aleatory uncertainties in the magnitude and position of residual swirl and hot spots at the combustor exit affect uncertainties in the prediction of cooling and heat load of the first nozzle guide vane. Also, it is identified which of these uncertain parameters have the greatest impact. An iso-thermal test rig and an engine realistic setup with lean burn inflow conditions are investigated. The analysis combines a parameterized model for combustor exit flow fields with uncertainty quantification methods. It is shown that the clocking position of turbine inlet swirl has a large effect on the formation of secondary flows on the vane surface and thus affects the uncertainty of thermal predictions on the hub and vanes.
Early NIV is associated with accelerated lung function decline in Duchenne muscular dystrophy treated with glucocorticosteroids
Authors: Angliss Megan E , Sclip Kiara D , Gauld Leanne 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundUse of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has increased with concomitant extended survival.AimTo describe lung function (LF) changes with NIV in adolescents with DMD and to assess differences betweenSteroid UsersandSteroid Naïvesubjects.MethodA retrospective cohort of adolescents with DMD initiating NIV over 10 years was conducted. Serial LF before and after NIV initiation was collated. Use of systemic glucocorticosteroids, adherence to NIV and presence of cardiac disease were assessed.ResultsTwenty-nine men started NIV, median age 14.66 years (IQR 2.35, 10.47–17.96). Nine wereSteroid Usersand eight wereSteroid Naïve. Indications for NIV were apnoea–hypopnoea index >5 and/or nocturnal hypoventilation. LF is better (forced vital capacity (FVC) z-score −3.26 vs −5.41, p < 0.02) and decline slower (FVC z-score −0.58 per annum (pa) vs −0.68 pa, p<0.001) inSteroid Userscompared withSteroid Naïvesubjects. Following NIV initiation, FVC z-score decline slowed for the whole (−0.72 pa (95% CI −0.79 to 0.64) to −0.46 pa (95% CI −0.54 to 0.38) p < 0.001) andSteroid Naïvegroups (−0.74 (95% CI −0.85 to 0.63) to −0.44 pa (95% CI −0.56 to 0.32) p < 0.001) but accelerated in theSteroid Usergroup (−0.56 (95% CI −0.70 to 0.42) to −0.75 pa (95% CI −0.89 to 0.61) p < 0.001). Adherence to NIV and cardiac disease did not impact decline.ConclusionOverall, LF decline is reduced on NIV.Steroid Naïvepatients have lower LF and faster decline, which slows following NIV initiation. An accelerated LF decline was seen on NIV inSteroid Userswhich requires further prospective research.
Trans-right ventricle and transpulmonary metabolite gradients in human pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Chouvarine Philippe , Giera Martin , Kastenmüller Gabi , Artati Anna , Adamski Jerzy , Bertram Harald , Hansmann Georg 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveWhile metabolic dysfunction occurs in several pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) animal models, its role in the human hypertensive right ventricle (RV) and lung is not well characterised. We investigated whether circulating metabolite concentrations differ across the hypertensive RV and/or the pulmonary circulation, and correlate with invasive haemodynamic/echocardiographic variables in patients with PAH.MethodsProspective EDTA blood collection during cardiac catheterisation from the superior vena cava (SVC), pulmonary artery (PA) and ascending aorta (AAO) in children with PAH (no shunt) and non-PAH controls (Con), followed by unbiased screens of 427 metabolites and 836 lipid species and fatty acids (FAs) in blood plasma (Metabolon and Lipidyzer platforms). Metabolite concentrations were correlated with echocardiographic and invasive haemodynamic variables.ResultsMetabolomics/lipidomics analysis of differential concentrations (false discovery rate<0.15) revealed several metabolite gradients in the trans-RV (PA vs SVC) setting. Notably, dicarboxylic acids (eg, octadecanedioate: fold change (FC)_Control=0.77, FC_PAH=1.09, p value=0.044) and acylcarnitines (eg, stearoylcarnitine: FC_Control=0.74, FC_PAH=1.21, p value=0.058). Differentially regulated metabolites were also found in the transpulmonary (AAO vs PA) setting and between-group comparisons, that is, in the SVC (PAH-SVC vs Con-SVC), PA and AAO. Importantly, the differential PAH-metabolite concentrations correlated with numerous outcome-relevant variables (e.g., tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, pulmonary vascular resistance).ConclusionsIn PAH, trans-RV and transpulmonary metabolite gradients exist and correlate with haemodynamic determinants of clinical outcome. The most pronounced differential trans-RV gradients are known to be involved in lipid metabolism/lipotoxicity, that is, accumulation of long chain FAs. The identified accumulation of dicarboxylic acids and acylcarnitines likely indicates impaired β-oxidation in the hypertensive RV and represents emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets in PAH.
Association between retirement and mortality: working longer, living longer? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sewdas Ranu , de Wind Astrid , Stenholm Sari , Coenen Pieter , Louwerse Ilse , Boot Cécile , van der Beek Allard 
Published: February 2020

Aim
This study summarised available evidence on the association between early and on-time retirement, compared with continued working, and mortality. Moreover, this study investigated whether and to what extent gender, adjustment for demographics and prior health status influence this association.

Methods
A systematic literature search of longitudinal studies was conducted. A qualitative analysis of the included studies was performed, followed by a meta-regression analysis to assess the influence of gender, prior health and demographics. Random-effects models were used in a meta-analysis to estimate the pooled effects for relevant subgroups identified in the meta-regression.

Results
In total, 25 studies were included. Adjustment for prior health and demographics influenced the association between retirement and mortality (p<0.05). The results of the meta-analysis of 12 studies are presented for ‘insufficiently adjusted’ and ‘fully adjusted’ subgroups. There was no association between early retirement and mortality compared with working until retirement (fully adjusted subgroup: HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.28). On-time retirement was associated with a higher risk of mortality compared with working beyond retirement (insufficiently adjusted subgroup: HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.73). However, in the subgroup that adjusted for prior health, on-time retirement was not associated with mortality (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.28).

Conclusion
Early retirement was not associated with a higher risk of mortality. On-time retirement was associated with a higher risk of mortality, which might reflect the healthy worker effect. It is important to consider information on prior health and demographics when studying the association between retirement and mortality to avoid biased findings.
Differential response to pallidal deep brain stimulation among monogenic dystonias: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Artusi Carlo Alberto , Dwivedi Alok , Romagnolo Alberto , Bortolani Sara , Marsili Luca , Imbalzano Gabriele , Sturchio Andrea , Keeling Elizabeth G , Zibetti Maurizio , Contarino Maria Fiorella , Fasano Alfonso , Tagliati Michele , Okun M S , Espay Alberto J , Lopiano Leonardo , Merola Aristide 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveGenetic subtypes of dystonia may respond differentially to deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi DBS). We sought to compare GPi DBS outcomes among the most common monogenic dystonias.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. We searched PubMed for studies on genetically confirmed monogenic dystonia treated with GPi DBS documenting pre-surgical and post-surgical assessments using the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale Motor Score (BFMMS) and Burke–Fahn–Marsden Disability Score (BFMDS). We performed (i) meta-analysis for each gene mutation; (ii) weighted ordinary linear regression analyses to compare BFMMS and BFMDS outcomes between DYT-TOR1A and other monogenic dystonias, adjusting for age and disease duration and (iii) weighted linear regression analysis to estimate the effect of age, sex and disease duration on GPi DBS outcomes. Results were summarised with mean change and 95% CI.ResultsDYT-TOR1A (68%, 38.4 points; p<0.001), DYT-THAP1 (37% 14.5 points; p<0.001) and NBIA/DYT-PANK2 (27%, 21.4 points; p<0.001) improved in BFMMS; only DYT-TOR1A improved in BFMDS (69%, 9.7 points; p<0.001). Improvement in DYT-TOR1A was significantly greater than in DYT-THAP1 (BFMMS −31%), NBIA/DYT-PANK2 (BFMMS −35%; BFMDS −53%) and CHOR/DYT-ADCY5 (BFMMS −36%; BFMDS −42%). Worse motor outcomes were associated with longer dystonia duration and older age at dystonia onset in DYT-TOR1A, longer dystonia duration in DYT/PARK-TAF1 and younger age at dystonia onset in DYT-SGCE.ConclusionsGPi DBS outcomes vary across monogenic dystonias. These data serve to inform patient selection and prognostic counselling.
Clinical value of the 20% logistic EuroSCORE cut-off for selecting TAVI candidates: a single-centre cohort study analysis
Authors: Imnadze Guram , Hofmann Steffen , Billion Michael , Ferdosi Abbas , Kowalski Marek , Rajab Ehab , Bramlage Karin , Bramlage Peter , Warnecke Henning , Franz Norbert 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundA logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (logEuroSCORE) ≥20% is frequently recognised as a finite criteria for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) reimbursement, despite guideline modifications to reflect the appropriacy of TAVI in selected lower-risk patients. The aim was to evaluate the clinical value of this threshold cut-off in TAVI patients and to identify factors associated with mortality in those below this threshold.MethodsWe analysed data from a single-centre, German, observational, TAVI-patient registry, gathered between 2008 and 2016. Patients were stratified by logEuroSCORE (≥ or <20%) for comparisons. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of mortality at 1 year, with this analysis used to generate a calculated (‘real’) risk value for each patient.Results1679 patients (logEuroSCORE <20%: n=789; logEuroSCORE ≥20%: n=890) were included. LogEuroSCORE <20% patients were significantly younger (80.1 vs 81.6 years; p<0.001) and less comorbid than logEuroSCORE ≥20% patients, with a higher rate of transfemoral TAVI (35.6% vs 26.1%; p<0.001) and predilation (70.0% vs 63.3%; p=0.004). Patients with a logEuroSCORE <20% experienced more vascular complications (3.4% vs 1.5%; p=0.010). One-year survival was 88.3% in the logEuroSCORE <20% and 81.8% in the logEuroSCORE ≥20% group (p=0.005), with the calculated mortality risk falling within 2% of the logEuroSCORE in just 12.9% of patients. In the logEuroSCORE <20% group, only coronary artery disease was significantly predictive of 1-year mortality (OR 2.408; 95% CI 1.361 to 4.262; p=0.003).ConclusionsAt our institution, patients with a logEuroSCORE <20% selected for TAVI have excellent outcomes. The decision not to reimburse TAVI in such patients may be viewed as inappropriate.
Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of individuals aged 75/76 years old with screening-detected elevated NT-proBNP levels
Authors: Al-Khalili Faris , Kemp-Gudmundsdottir Katrin , Svennberg Emma , Fredriksson Tove , Frykman Viveka , Friberg Leif , Rosenqvist Mårten , Engdahl Johan 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundHigh plasma levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) indicate increased probability of congestive heart failure (CHF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) and are associated with poor prognosis.ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of a population of individuals aged 75/76 years old with NT-proBNP ≥900 ng/L without previously known CHF or AF.MethodsAll individuals aged 75/76 years in the Stockholm region were randomised to a screening study for AF. Half of them were invited to screening. Of those invited, 49.5% agreed to participate. Individuals with NT-proBNP ≥900 ng/L without known CHF were invited for further clinical evaluation.ResultsAmong 6315 participants without AF who had NT-proBNP sampled, 102 without previously known CHF had ≥900 ng/L. Of these, 93 completed further clinical investigations. In the population that was clinically investigated, 53% were female, and the median NT-proBNP was 1200 ng/L. New AF was found in 28 (30%). The NT-proBNP value in this group was not significantly different from those where AF was not detected (median 1285 vs 1178 ng/L). Patients with newly detected AF had larger left atrial volume and higher pulmonary artery pressure than those without AF. Preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (≥50%) was found in 86% of the participants, mid-range ejection fraction (40%–49%) in 3.2% and reduced ejection fraction (<40%) in 10.8%. Thirteen patients (14%) had other serious cardiac disorders that required medical attention.ConclusionElderly individuals with NT-proBNP levels ≥900 ng/L constitute a population at high cardiovascular risk even in the absence of diagnosed CHF or AF, and therefore merit further investigation.
A self-calibrating, double-ratio method to test tau lepton universality in W boson decays at the LHC
Authors: Dysch S. , Wyatt T. R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMeasurements in $$W^+W^-$$W+W- events at LEP2 and in B hadron semileptonic decays at B factories and LHCb provide intriguing hints of a violation of lepton universality in the charged current coupling of tau leptons relative to those for electrons and muons. We propose a novel, self-calibrating method to test tau lepton universality in W boson decays at the LHC. We compare directly the ratio of the numbers of selected $$\ell \tau _{\mathrm {\,had}}$$ℓτhad and $$e\mu $$eμ final states in di-leptonic top quark pair events with that in $$Z/\gamma ^*\rightarrow \tau \tau $$Z/γ∗→ττ events. Here $$\ell =e\ {\mathrm {or}}\ \mu $$ℓ=eorμ and $$\tau _{\mathrm {\,had}}$$τhad is a candidate semi-hadronic tau decay. This “double-ratio” cancels to first order sensitivity to systematic uncertainties on the reconstruction of e, $$\mu $$μ, and $$\tau $$τ leptons, thus improving very significantly the precision to which tau lepton universality can be tested in W boson decay branching ratios at the LHC. Using particle-level Monte Carlo events, and a parameterised simulation of detector performance, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the method and estimate the most significant residual sources of uncertainty arising from experimental and phenomenological systematics. Our studies indicate that a single LHC experiment precision on the tau lepton universality test of around 1.4% is achievable with a data set of $$\int \!\! L\, \hbox {\,d}t$$∫Ldt = 140 $$\mathrm {fb}^{-1}$$fb-1 at $${\sqrt{s}}~=~13~\hbox {TeV}$$s=13TeV. This would improve significantly upon the precision of 2.5% on the four-experiment combined LEP2 measurements. If the central value of the proposed new measurement were equal to the central value of the LEP2 measurement this would yield an observation of BSM physics at a significance level of around 5$$\sigma $$σ.
The horizon of the McVittie black hole: on the role of the cosmic fluid modeling
Authors: Gregoris Daniele , Ong Yen Chin , Wang Bin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the existence and time evolution of the cosmological and event horizons in a McVittie universe whose expansion is driven by the Redlich–Kwong, (Modified) Berthelot, Dieterici, and Peng–Robinson fluids, respectively. The equations of state of these fluids are rich enough to account for both exotic and regular, as well as ideal and non-ideal matter contents of the universe. We show that the cosmological horizon is expanding, while the event horizon is shrinking along the cosmic time evolution. The former achieves larger size for regular types of matter, contrary to the latter. The strength of interactions within the cosmic fluid are shown to play a more important role in affecting the evolution of the event horizon, rather than of the cosmological horizon in the case of a singularity-free universe. While the cosmological horizon always exists during the time evolution, the event horizon can exist only when a certain relationship between the Hawking–Hayward quasi-local mass and the Hubble function is fulfilled. In this manner, we can study the role played by the large-scale physics (cosmic evolution) on the local scale physics (evolution of a black hole).
Neutrino currents in wakes of cosmic strings
Authors: Sau Sovan , Sanyal Soma 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNeutrinos rotating around Abelian Higgs strings will generate a neutral current close to the string. As the string moves through the cosmic plasma, the velocity kick generated by the motion of the string will enhance the neutrino current in the wake region. The neutrino current density depends on its distance from the string and is oscillatory in nature. This leads to neutrino density gradients in the plasma. Such a flux of neutrinos with periodic density fluctuations will lead to electron currents in the plasma. The current will act like a cross-perturbation across the cosmic string wake. The perturbation as well as the high Reynolds number of the plasma will result in the generation of magnetic fields in the wake of the cosmic string.