bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Stone Left Unturned
Authors: Croskerry Pat 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this case, a young woman presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain. She has a history of Crohn disease and this attack feels similar to previous flare-ups. The emergency physician orders urinalysis, blood work, and an abdominal series. Although the technical quality of his viewing of the images is limited, he is satisfied that there are no signs of obstruction or perforation. The patient settles well with analgesics and antiemetics. The urinalysis shows signs of infection, and the emergency physician prepares to discharge the patient on antibiotics for what he believes is hemorrhagic cystitis. At this point, a radiologist provides an interpretation of the patient’s abdominal series that allows for a correct diagnosis of her abdominal pain.
A method for discriminating between dark matter models and MOND modified inertia via galactic rotation curves
Authors: Petersen Jonas , Frandsen Mads T 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Dark matter (DM) and modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) models of rotationally supported galaxies lead to curves with different geometries in (gN, gtot)-space (g2-space). Here, gtot is the total acceleration and gN is the acceleration as obtained from the baryonic matter via Newtonian dynamics. In MOND modified inertia (MI) models, the curves in g2-space are closed with zero area and so curve segments at radii r ≥ rN (large radii) and r &lt; rN (small radii) coincide, where rN is the radius where gN is greatest. In DM models with cored density profiles where gtot is also zero at the Galactic Centre, the curves are again closed, but the area of the closed curves are in general non-zero because the curve segments at radii r ≥ rN and r &lt; rN do not coincide. Finally in DM models with cuspy density profiles such as the NFW profile where gtot is formally non-zero at the galactic origin the curves are open, and again the curve segments at radii r ≥ rN and r &lt; rN do not coincide.
We develop a test of whether data at small and large radii coincide and investigate rotation curves from the SPARC data base in order to discriminate between the above geometries. Due to loosely quantified systematic uncertainties, we do not underline the result of the test, but instead conclude that the test illustrates the relevance of this type of analysis and demonstrate the ability to discriminate between the considered DM and MI models in this way.
Three generations of stars: a possible case of triggered star formation
Authors: Areal M B , Buccino A , Paron S , Fariña C , Ortega M E 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Evidence for triggered star formation linking three generations of stars is difficult to assemble, as it requires convincingly associating evolved massive stars with H ii regions that, in turn, would need to present signs of active star formation. We present observational evidence for triggered star formation relating three generations of stars in the neighbourhood of the star LS II +26 8. We carried out new spectroscopic observations of LS II +26 8, revealing that it is a B0 III-type star. We note that LS II +26 8 is located exactly at the geometric centre of a semi-shell-like H ii region complex. The most conspicuous component of this complex is the H ii region Sh2-90, which is probably triggering a new generation of stars. The distances to LS II +26 8 and to Sh2-90 are in agreement (between 2.6 and 3 kpc). Analysis of the interstellar medium on a larger spatial scale shows that the H ii region complex lies on the north-western border of an extended H2 shell. The radius of this molecular shell is about 13 pc, which is in agreement with what an O9 V star (the probable initial spectral type of LS II +26 8 as inferred from evolutive tracks) can generate through its winds in the molecular environment. In conclusion, the spatial and temporal correspondences derived in our analysis enable us to propose a probable triggered star formation scenario initiated by the evolved massive star LS II +26 8 during its main-sequence stage, followed by stars exciting the H ii region complex formed in the molecular shell, and culminating in the birth of young stellar objects around Sh2-90.
The interpretation of protoplanetary disc wind diagnostic lines from X-ray photoevaporation and analytical MHD models
Authors: Weber Michael L , Ercolano Barbara , Picogna Giovanni , Hartmann Lee , Rodenkirch Peter J 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
High-resolution spectra of typical wind diagnostics ([O i] 6300 Å and other forbidden emission lines) can often be decomposed into multiple components: high-velocity components with blueshifts up to several 100 km s−1 are usually attributed to fast jets, while narrow (NLVC) and broad (BLVC) low-velocity components are believed to trace slower disc winds. Under the assumption that the line broadening is dominated by Keplerian rotation, several studies have found that the BLVCs should trace gas launched between 0.05 and 0.5 au and correlations between the properties of BLVCs and NLVCs have been interpreted as evidence for the emission tracing an extended magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) wind and not a photoevaporative wind. We calculated synthetic line profiles obtained from detailed photoionization calculations of an X-ray photoevaporation model and a simple MHD wind model and analysed the emission regions of different diagnostic lines and the resulting spectral profiles. The photoevaporation model reproduces most of the observed NLVCs but not the BLVCs or HVCs. The MHD model is able to reproduce all components but produces Keplerian double peaks at average inclinations that are rarely observed. The combination of MHD and photoevaporative winds could solve this problem. Our results suggest that the Gaussian decomposition does not allow for a clear distinction of flux from different wind regions and that the line broadening is often dominated by the velocity gradient in the outflow rather than by Keplerian rotation. We show that observed correlations between BLVC and NLVC do not necessarily imply a common origin in an extended MHD wind.
Hydrodynamical turbulence in eccentric circumbinary discs and its impact on the in situ formation of circumbinary planets
Authors: Pierens Arnaud , McNally Colin P , Nelson Richard P 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Eccentric gaseous discs are unstable to a parametric instability involving the resonant interaction between inertial-gravity waves and the eccentric mode in the disc. We present three-dimensional global hydrodynamical simulations of inviscid circumbinary discs that form an inner cavity and become eccentric through interaction with the central binary. The parametric instability grows and generates turbulence that transports angular momentum with stress parameter α ∼ 5 × 10−3 at distances ≲ 7 abin, where abin is the binary semimajor axis. Vertical turbulent diffusion occurs at a rate corresponding to αdiff ∼ 1–2 × 10−3. We examine the impact of turbulent diffusion on the vertical settling of pebbles, and on the rate of pebble accretion by embedded planets. In steady state, dust particles with Stokes numbers St ≲ 0.1 form a layer of finite thickness Hd ≳ 0.1H, where H is the gas scale height. Pebble accretion efficiency is then reduced by a factor racc/Hd, where racc is the accretion radius, compared to the rate in a laminar disc. For accreting core masses with mp ≲ 0.1 M⊕, pebble accretion for particles with St ≳ 0.5 is also reduced because of velocity kicks induced by the turbulence. These effects combine to make the time needed by a Ceres mass object to grow to the pebble isolation mass, when significant gas accretion can occur, longer than typical disc lifetimes. Hence, the origins of circumbinary planets orbiting close to their central binary systems, as discovered by the Kepler mission, are difficult to explain using an in situ model that invokes a combination of the streaming instability and pebble accretion.
ASASSN-15lh: a TDE about a maximally rotating 109 M⊙ black hole
Authors: Mummery Andrew , Balbus Steven A 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We model the light curves of the novel and extremely luminous transient ASASSN-15lh at nine different frequencies, from infrared to ultraviolet photon energies, as an evolving relativistic disc produced in the aftermath of a tidal disruption event (TDE). Good fits to all nine light curves are simultaneously obtained when Macc ≃ 0.07 M⊙ is accreted on to a black hole of mass M ≃ 109 M⊙ and near-maximal rotation a/rg = 0.99. The best-fitting black hole mass is consistent with a number of existing estimates from galactic scaling relationships. If confirmed, our results represent the detection of one of the most massive rapidly spinning black holes to date, and are strong evidence for a TDE origin for ASASSN-15lh. This would be the first TDE to be observed in the disc-dominated state at optical and infrared frequencies.
GeneRax: A Tool for Species-Tree-Aware Maximum Likelihood-Based Gene Family Tree Inference under Gene Duplication, Transfer, and Loss
Authors: Morel Benoit , Kozlov Alexey M , Stamatakis Alexandros , Szöllősi Gergely J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Inferring phylogenetic trees for individual homologous gene families is difficult because alignments are often too short, and thus contain insufficient signal, while substitution models inevitably fail to capture the complexity of the evolutionary processes. To overcome these challenges, species-tree-aware methods also leverage information from a putative species tree. However, only few methods are available that implement a full likelihood framework or account for horizontal gene transfers. Furthermore, these methods often require expensive data preprocessing (e.g., computing bootstrap trees) and rely on approximations and heuristics that limit the degree of tree space exploration. Here, we present GeneRax, the first maximum likelihood species-tree-aware phylogenetic inference software. It simultaneously accounts for substitutions at the sequence level as well as gene level events, such as duplication, transfer, and loss relying on established maximum likelihood optimization algorithms. GeneRax can infer rooted phylogenetic trees for multiple gene families, directly from the per-gene sequence alignments and a rooted, yet undated, species tree. We show that compared with competing tools, on simulated data GeneRax infers trees that are the closest to the true tree in 90% of the simulations in terms of relative Robinson–Foulds distance. On empirical data sets, GeneRax is the fastest among all tested methods when starting from aligned sequences, and it infers trees with the highest likelihood score, based on our model. GeneRax completed tree inferences and reconciliations for 1,099 Cyanobacteria families in 8 min on 512 CPU cores. Thus, its parallelization scheme enables large-scale analyses. GeneRax is available under GNU GPL at https://github.com/BenoitMorel/GeneRax (last accessed June 17, 2020).
CLICK-17, a DNA enzyme that harnesses ultra-low concentrations of either Cu+ or Cu2+ to catalyze the azide-alkyne ‘click’ reaction in water
Authors: Liu Kun , Lat Prince Kumar , Yu Hua-Zhong , Sen Dipankar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To enable the optimal, biocompatible and non-destructive application of the highly useful copper (Cu+)-mediated alkyne-azide ‘click’ cycloaddition in water, we have isolated and characterized a 79-nucleotide DNA enzyme or DNAzyme, ‘CLICK-17’, that harnesses as low as sub-micromolar Cu+; or, surprisingly, Cu2+ (without added reductants such as ascorbate) to catalyze conjugation between a variety of alkyne and azide substrates, including small molecules, proteins and nucleic acids. CLICK-17’s Cu+ catalysis is orders of magnitude faster than that of either Cu+ alone or of Cu+ complexed to PERMUT-17, a sequence-permuted DNA isomer of CLICK-17. With the less toxic Cu2+, CLICK-17 attains rates comparable to Cu+, under conditions where both Cu2+ alone and Cu2+ complexed with a classic accelerating ligand, THPTA, are wholly inactive. Cyclic voltammetry shows that CLICK-17, unlike PERMUT-17, powerfully perturbs the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox potential. CLICK-17 thus provides a unique, DNA-derived ligand environment for catalytic copper within its active site. As a bona fide Cu2+-driven enzyme, with potential for being evolved to accept only designated substrates, CLICK-17 and future variants promise the fast, safe, and substrate-specific catalysis of ‘click’ bioconjugations, potentially on the surfaces of living cells.
Full length RTEL1 is required for the elongation of the single-stranded telomeric overhang by telomerase
Authors: Awad Aya , Glousker Galina , Lamm Noa , Tawil Shadi , Hourvitz Noa , Smoom Riham , Revy Patrick , Tzfati Yehuda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Telomeres cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and distinguish them from broken DNA ends to suppress DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest and genomic instability. Telomeres are elongated by telomerase to compensate for incomplete replication and nuclease degradation and to extend the proliferation potential of germ and stem cells and most cancers. However, telomeres in somatic cells gradually shorten with age, ultimately leading to cellular senescence. Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (HHS) is characterized by accelerated telomere shortening and diverse symptoms including bone marrow failure, immunodeficiency, and neurodevelopmental defects. HHS is caused by germline mutations in telomerase subunits, factors essential for its biogenesis and recruitment to telomeres, and in the helicase RTEL1. While diverse phenotypes were associated with RTEL1 deficiency, the telomeric role of RTEL1 affected in HHS is yet unknown. Inducible ectopic expression of wild-type RTEL1 in patient fibroblasts rescued the cells, enabled telomerase-dependent telomere elongation and suppressed the abnormal cellular phenotypes, while silencing its expression resulted in gradual telomere shortening. Our observations reveal an essential role of the RTEL1 C-terminus in facilitating telomerase action at the telomeric 3′ overhang. Thus, the common etiology for HHS is the compromised telomerase action, resulting in telomere shortening and reduced lifespan of telomerase positive cells.
Susceptibility to auditory closed-loop stimulation of sleep slow oscillations changes with age
Authors: Schneider Jules , Lewis Penelope A , Koester Dominik , Born Jan , Ngo Hong-Viet V 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectivesCortical slow oscillations (SOs) and thalamocortical sleep spindles hallmark slow wave sleep and facilitate memory consolidation, both of which are reduced with age. Experiments utilizing auditory closed-loop stimulation to enhance these oscillations showed great potential in young and older subjects. However, the magnitude of responses has yet to be compared between these age groups. We examined the possibility of enhancing SOs and performance on different memory tasks in a healthy middle-aged population using this stimulation and contrast effects to younger adults.MethodsIn a within-subject design, 17 subjects (55.7 ± 1.0 years) received auditory stimulation in synchrony with SO up-states, which was compared to a no-stimulation sham condition. Overnight memory consolidation was assessed for declarative word-pairs and procedural finger-tapping skill. Post-sleep encoding capabilities were tested with a picture recognition task. Electrophysiological effects of stimulation were compared to a previous younger cohort (n = 11, 24.2 ± 0.9 years).ResultsOvernight retention and post-sleep encoding performance of the older cohort revealed no beneficial effect of stimulation, which contrasts with the enhancing effect the same stimulation protocol had in our younger cohort. Auditory stimulation prolonged endogenous SO trains and induced sleep spindles phase-locked to SO up-states in the older population. However, responses were markedly reduced compared to younger subjects. Additionally, the temporal dynamics of stimulation effects on SOs and spindles differed between age groups.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the susceptibility to auditory stimulation during sleep drastically changes with age and reveal the difficulties of translating a functional protocol from younger to older populations.
The efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 and liquid paraffin oil in the management of acute aluminum phosphide poisoning
Authors: Darwish Ragaa Talaat , Sobh Zahraa Khalifa , Hamouda Emad Hamdy , Saleh Eman Mohamed 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning had high morbidities and mortalities with absence of a standardized approach for the treatment. The present study investigated the efficiency of GIT decontamination methods and Coenzyme Q10(Co Q10) (Ubiquinone) in improving the outcome of acute AlP poisoning. A total of 90 patients were included and all patients received immediately supportive measures, then they distributed into three equal groups: In group I, gastric lavage was done using KMNO4 solution (1:10 000); group II received 250–500 ml liquid paraffin oil orally; group III received 300 mg of Co Q10 dissolved in liquid paraffin. Co Q10 was continued in a dose of 200 mg/day every 12 h. Follow-up blood pressure, arterial blood gases, serum troponin level and need for intubation revealed that the best improvement was in group III followed by group II. The percentage of survivors was 76.67% in group III and 70% of the patients had no residual effects. In group II, the survivors were 63.33%, and 36.67% of the cases discharged without sequelae. The survivors in group I constituted 26.67% and only 16.67% of the patients had no residual effects. GIT decontamination with aqueous solutions in acute AlP poisoning should be avoided. Rapid oral intake of any available oil as a prehospital treatment or immediately on hospital admission could critically improve the outcome of acute AlP poisoning. Besides, the addition of Co Q10 to the oil further improve patients’ prognosis. HighlightsAcute aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning is associated with high mortalities.The appropriate method of GIT decontamination in acute AlP poisoning is controversy.Conventional gastric lavage was associated with poor prognosis in acute AlP poisoning.GIT decontamination using liquid paraffin oil improved outcome of acute AlP poisoning.Coenzyme Q10 ameliorated AlP toxicity with improvement of cardiac functions.
The Menopause Transition and Women’s Health at Midlife: A Progress Report From the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
Authors: El Khoudary Samar R. , Greendale Gail , Crawford Sybil L. , Avis Nancy E. , Brooks Maria M. , Thurston Rebecca C. , Karvonen-Gutierrez Carrie , Waetjen L. Elaine , Matthews Karen 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Menopause 2019;26:1213–1227)
A major health milestone for women with influences extending far beyond reproduction is the menopause transition (MT). In addition to menopausal symptoms, concomitant biological, psychological, behavioral, and social changes occur during the MT that shape women's midlife and future health.
Real world data regarding the management of cancer-associated thrombosis
Authors: Tsoukalas Nikolaos , Tsapakidis Konstantinos , Galanopoulos Michail , Karamitrousis Evangelos , Kamposioras Konstantinos , Tolia Maria 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Patients with cancer are at high risk for thrombotic events, mainly deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are among the current treatment options for cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT). We assessed real world data (RWD) regarding treatment patterns of CAT from 1 September 2018 to 31 January 2020.

Recent findings
RWD showed that LMWHs were the most common initial anticoagulation treatment for CAT. Based on these data DOACs had a lower risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism compared with LMWHs and warfarin. However, the selection bias and the small number of patients in these studies might explain this difference and these limitations should be taken into consideration. Moreover, there was no statistical difference regarding adverse events during anticoagulant treatment between LMWHs and DOACs with the limitations of RWD. As far as the duration of the treatment is concerned, the adherence ranged from 100% to 67.3% at 6 months.

Summary
The current review of RWD illustrates that LMWHs and DOACs are used for the treatment of CAT. LMWHs are most commonly used for the initial management of CAT. Data regarding recurrence of CAT, adverse events, compliance and duration of anticoagulant treatment should be analyzed with caution as RWD are observational studies with many limitations. Further research is needed to elucidate the best algorithm for the management of CAT.
The OATH Syndemic: opioids and other substances, aging, alcohol, tobacco, and HIV
Authors: Womack Julie A. , Justice Amy C. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Persons living with HIV (PLWH) are aging, continue to use alcohol and other substances, and experience age-associated adverse effects. We explore a new syndemic: OATH (opioids and other substances, aging, alcohol, tobacco, and HIV).

Recent findings
Frailty and falls are important problems that affect the health status of PLWH who continue to use alcohol and other substances. HIV, alcohol and other substance use, and aging each contributes to inflammaging. Multimorbidity and polypharmacy are also important pathways as alcohol and other substances interact with prescribed medications resulting in adverse-drug interactions leading to potentially serious consequences. Social conditions including racism, poverty, sex bias, stress, and stigma contribute to the existence and persistence of this syndemic.

Summary
Substance use, HIV, and aging are linked in a new syndemic (OATH) that drives age-related outcomes such as frailty and falls. We need to expand our understanding of the ‘healthcare team’ so that we include social and political advocates who can support necessary structural change. Treatment of substance use should be better incorporated into the management of HIV, including a focus on potential medication/substance interactions. Finally, we need to explore treatment of frailty rather than individual manifestations of frailty (e.g., atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration).