bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embedding the intrinsic relevance of vertices in network analysis: the case of centrality metrics
Authors: Giustolisi Orazio , Ridolfi Luca , Simone Antonietta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractComplex network theory (CNT) is gaining a lot of attention in the scientific community, due to its capability to model and interpret an impressive number of natural and anthropic phenomena. One of the most active CNT field concerns the evaluation of the centrality of vertices and edges in the network. Several metrics have been proposed, but all of them share a topological point of view, namely centrality descends from the local or global connectivity structure of the network. However, vertices can exhibit their own intrinsic relevance independent from topology; e.g., vertices representing strategic locations (e.g., hospitals, water and energy sources, etc.) or institutional roles (e.g., presidents, agencies, etc.). In these cases, the connectivity network structure and vertex intrinsic relevance mutually concur to define the centrality of vertices and edges. The purpose of this work is to embed the information about the intrinsic relevance of vertices into CNT tools to enhance the network analysis. We focus on the degree, closeness and betweenness metrics, being among the most used. Two examples, concerning a social (the historical Florence family’s marriage network) and an infrastructure (a water supply system) network, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed relevance-embedding extension of the centrality metrics.
Digital metamaterial filter for encoding information
Authors: Ahamed Eistiak , Faruque Mohammad Rashed Iqbal , Alam Md. Jubaer , Mansor Mohd Fais Bin , Islam Mohammad Tariqul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new approach to controlling the flow of a plasmatic electron packet at the interface between metallic and dielectric layers is described. The proposed metamaterial structure operates in the optical frequency range and can be used as a digital processing filter. It exhibits two double negative resonances and one special passband region, while the existence of a metal-dielectric nano-tunnel enhances electromagnetic wave-metal interactions. The structural arrangement of this metamaterial coupled with the tunnel layer can effectively control the electric field and allows digital encoding of electron packets.
A universal reporter cell line for bioactivity evaluation of engineered cytokine products
Authors: Mock Jacqueline , Pellegrino Christian , Neri Dario 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEngineered cytokine products represent a growing class of therapeutic proteins which need to be tested for biological activity at various stages of pharmaceutical development. In most cases, dedicated biological assays are established for different products, in a process that can be time-consuming and cumbersome. Here we describe the development and implementation of a universal cell-based reporter system for various classes of immunomodulatory proteins. The novel system capitalizes on the fact that the signaling of various types of pro-inflammatory agents (e.g., cytokines, chemokines, Toll-like receptor agonists) may involve transcriptional activation by NF-κB. Using viral transduction, we generated stably-transformed cell lines of B or T lymphocyte origin and compared the new reporter cell lines with conventional bioassays. The experimental findings with various interleukins and with members of the TNF superfamily revealed that the newly-developed “universal” bioassay method yielded bioactivity data which were comparable to the ones obtained with dedicated conventional methods. The engineered cell lines with reporters for NF-κB were tested with several antibody-cytokine fusions and may be generally useful for the characterization of novel immunomodulatory products. The newly developed methodology also revealed a mechanism for cytokine potentiation, based on the antibody-mediated clustering of TNF superfamily members on tumor-associated extracellular matrix components.
Metformin-induced suppression of IFN-α via mTORC1 signalling following seasonal vaccination is associated with impaired antibody responses in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Saenwongsa Wipawee , Nithichanon Arnone , Chittaganpitch Malinee , Buayai Kampaew , Kewcharoenwong Chidchamai , Thumrongwilainet Boonyarat , Butta Patcharavadee , Palaga Tanapat , Takahashi Yoshimasa , Ato Manabu , Lertmemongkolchai Ganjana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) patients are at an increased risk of complications following influenza-virus infection, seasonal vaccination (SV) is recommended. However, SV with trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) can induce antibody and type-I interferon (IFN) responses, and the effect of anti-DM treatment on these responses is incompletely understood. We evaluated the antibody response and IFN-α expression in individuals with and without type 2 DM (T2DM) following SV, and examined the effects on anti-DM treatment. TIV elicited sero-protection in all groups, but antibody persistency was <8 months, except for the antibody response to B-antigens in non-DM. T2DM impaired the IgG avidity index, and T2DM showed a significantly decreased response against H1N1 and H3N2, in addition to delaying and reducing haemagglutination-inhibition persistency against influenza B-antigens in DM groups treated with metformin (Met-DM) or glibenclamide (GB-DM). Following TIV, the Met-DM and GB-DM groups exhibited reduced IFN-α expression upon stimulation with whole- and split-virion influenza vaccines. Suppression of IFN-α expression in the Met-DM group was associated with a reduction in the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1 pathway and impaired IgG avidity index. Thus, single-dose TIV each year might not be suitable for T2DM. Our data could aid the development of an efficacious influenza vaccine for T2DM.
Asymmetric and Spiraled Genitalia Coevolve with Unique Lateralized Mating Behavior
Authors: Orbach Dara N. , Brennan Patricia L. R. , Hedrick Brandon P. , Keener William , Webber Marc A. , Mesnick Sarah L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAsymmetric genitalia and lateralized mating behaviors occur in several taxa, yet whether asymmetric morphology in one sex correlates or coevolves with lateralized mating behavior in the other sex remains largely unexplored. While lateralized mating behaviors are taxonomically widespread, among mammals they are only known in the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Males attempt copulation by approaching a female exclusively on her left side. To understand if this unusual lateralized behavior may have coevolved with genital morphology, we quantified the shape of female and male harbor porpoise reproductive tracts using 2D geometric morphometrics and 3D models of the vaginal lumen and inflated distal penis. We found that the vaginas varied individually in shape and that the vaginas demonstrated both significant directional and fluctuating asymmetry. This asymmetry resulted from complex 3D spirals and vaginal folds with deep recesses, which may curtail the depth or direction of penile penetration and/or semen movement. The asymmetric shapes of the vaginal lumen and penis tip were both left-canted with similar angular bends that mirrored one another and correspond with the left lateral mating approach. We suggest that the reproductive anatomy of both sexes and their lateral mating behavior coevolved.
Anticandidal and In vitro Anti-Proliferative Activity of Sonochemically synthesized Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Rehman Suriya , Asiri Sarah Mousa , Khan Firdos Alam , Jermy B. Rabindran , Ravinayagam Vijaya , Alsalem Zainab , Jindan Reem Al , Qurashi Ahsanulhaq 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present work demonstrates the synthesis, characterization and biological activities of different concentrations of tin doped indium oxide nanoparticles (Sn doped In2O3 NPs), i.e., (Sn/In = 5%, 10% and 15%). We have synthesized different size (38.11 nm, 18.46 nm and 10.21 nm) of Sn doped In2O3 NPs. by using an ultra-sonication process. The Sn doped In2O3 NPs were characterized by by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which confirmed the successful doping of tin (Sn) with Indium oxide (In2O3). Anticandidal activity was performed by standard agar dilution method using Candida albicans for the study. The minimum inhibitory/fungicidal concentration (MIC/MFC) values recorded were, 8 & >8 mg/ml for pure In2O3 NPs, 4 & 8 mg/ml for 5%, 2 & 8 mg/ml for 10%, whereas 1 & >4 mg/ml for 15% Sn doped In2O3 NPs, respectively. The topographical alteration caused by Sn doped In2O3 NPs on Candida cells, was clearly observed by SEM examination. A significant enhancement in anticandidal activity was seen, when Candida cells were exposed to (Sn/In = 5%, 10% and 15%). Moreover, we have also evaluated the impact of Sn-In2O3 NPs on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116). The results demonstrated that Sn-In2O3 NPs (Sn/In = 5%, 10% and 15%), caused dose dependent decrease in the cancer cell viability as the low dosage (2.0 mg/mL) showed 62.11% cell viability, while 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, 32.0 mg/mL dosages showed 20.45%, 18.25%, 16.58%, and 15.58% cell viability. In addition, the treatment of Sn-In2O3 NPs also showed significant cellular and anatomical changes in cancer cells as examined by microscopes. We have also examined the impact of Sn-In2O3 NPs (5%, 10%, 15%) on normal cells (HEK-293) and the results demonstrate that Sn-In2O3 NPs did not reduce the cell viability of normal cells.
Development of the clinical candidate PBD-C06, a humanized pGlu3-Aβ-specific antibody against Alzheimer’s disease with reduced complement activation
Authors: Hettmann Thore , Gillies Stephen D. , Kleinschmidt Martin , Piechotta Anke , Makioka Koki , Lemere Cynthia A. , Schilling Stephan , Rahfeld Jens-Ulrich , Lues Inge 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn clinical trials with early Alzheimer’s patients, administration of anti-amyloid antibodies reduced amyloid deposits, suggesting that immunotherapies may be promising disease-modifying interventions against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Specific forms of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, for example post-translationally modified Aβ peptides with a pyroglutamate at the N-terminus (pGlu3, pE3), are attractive antibody targets, due to pGlu3-Aβ’s neo-epitope character and its propensity to form neurotoxic oligomeric aggregates. We have generated a novel anti-pGlu3-Aβ antibody, PBD-C06, which is based on a murine precursor antibody that binds with high specificity to pGlu3-Aβ monomers, oligomers and fibrils, including mixed aggregates of unmodified Aβ and pGlu3-Aβ peptides. PBD-C06 was generated by first grafting the murine antigen binding sequences onto suitable human variable light and heavy chains. Subsequently, the humanized antibody was de-immunized and site-specific mutations were introduced to restore original target binding, to eliminate complement activation and to improve protein stability. PBD-C06 binds with the same specificity and avidity as its murine precursor antibody and elimination of C1q binding did not compromise Fcγ-receptor binding or in vitro phagocytosis. Thus, PBD-C06 was specifically designed to target neurotoxic aggregates and to avoid complement-mediated inflammatory responses, in order to lower the risk for vasogenic edemas in the clinic.
Icings and groundwater conditions in permafrost catchments of northwestern Canada
Authors: Crites Hugo , Kokelj Steve V. , Lacelle Denis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIcings are sheet-like masses of ice that form on the ground surface or in fluvial channels from groundwater seepage. Although the presence of icings in the landscape is known, few studies investigated their regional distribution and explored relations with terrain factors including permafrost and winter baseflow conditions. Here, we mapped the distribution of icings in a 618,430 km2 area of northwestern Canada from a stack of 573 Landsat imageries (1985–2017) and determined using hydrometric data the winter baseflow contribution to the total annual discharge of 17 rivers in the study area. The 1402 mapped icings occur preferentially at the foothills of heavily faulted karstic mountainous regions in the continuous permafrost. Winter baseflow and its contribution to annual discharge was lower in continuous permafrost catchments than in discontinuous permafrost but showed a general increase over the 1970–2016 period. As such, the distribution of icings appears to be sensitive to winter air temperatures and winter baseflow conditions and icings located at the southern boundary of continuous permafrost would be more sensitive to degrading permafrost and the predicted increase in winter baseflow.
An autosomal dominant ERLIN2 mutation leads to a pure HSP phenotype distinct from the autosomal recessive ERLIN2 mutations (SPG18)
Authors: Park Jin-Mo , Lee Byeonghyeon , Kim Jong-Heun , Park Seong-Yong , Yu Jinhoon , Kim Un-Kyung , Park Jin-Sung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous inherited disorder that manifests with lower extremity weakness and spasticity. HSP can be inherited by autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked inheritance patterns. Recent studies have shown that, although rare, mutations in a single gene can lead to multiple patterns of inheritance of HSP. We enrolled the HSP family showing autosomal dominant inheritance and performed genetic study to find the cause of phenotype in this family. We recruited five members of a Korean family as study participants. Four of the five family members had pure HSP. Part of the family members underwent whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify the causative mutation. As the result of WES and Sanger sequencing analysis, a novel missense mutation (c.452 C > T, p.Ala151Val) of ERLIN2 gene was identified as the cause of the autosomal dominant HSP in the family. Our study suggests that the ERLIN2 gene leads to both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant patterns of inheritance in HSP. Moreover, autosomal dominant HSP caused by ERLIN2 appears to cause pure HSP in contrast to autosomal recessive ERLIN2 related complicated HSP (SPG18).
Expertenkommentar – Zukunft der Versorgung spinaler Metastasen im Kontext molekularer Therapiestratifizierung onkologischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Riedmann Kristina , Jost Philipp J. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungSpinale Metastasen tragen noch immer zu einem erheblichen Teil zur Tumor-assoziierten Morbidität und Mortalität bei. Es bedarf einer interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit aus chirurgischen, strahlentherapeutischen und onkologischen Disziplinen, um ein individuelles Therapiekonzept zu erstellen. Neben einer operativen und strahlentherapeutischen Versorgung spielen zunehmend molekulare Therapieansätze eine wichtige Rolle in der onkologischen Therapieführung. Molekulargenetische Diagnostik und daraus abgeleitete, neue therapeutische Therapiekonzepte sind Gegenstand spezialisierter Programme und klinischer Studien. Sie nehmen auch zunehmend Einzug in den klinischen Alltag im Rahmen interdisziplinärer molekularer Tumorboards, molekular stratifizierter Therapieentscheidungen und zielgerichteter Medikamente.
Expertenkommentar: Zukunft der operativen Therapie degenerativer Wirbelsäulenerkrankungen – Verantwortung übernehmen
Authors: Ryang Yu-Mi 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungEine alternde Gesellschaft und eine steigende Inzidenz an degenerativen Wirbelsäulenerkrankungen muss ein Umdenken in unseren Köpfen bewirken. Massiv steigende OP-Zahlen, v. a. instrumentierter spinaler Fusions-Operationen an vorwiegend geriatrischen Patienten zeigen dies. Geriatrische Patienten benötigen eine besonders intensive medizinische Betreuung, idealerweise durch ein multidisziplinäres Team. Nicht nur die OP und die Nachsorge sind wichtige Bausteine für eine Reduktion der Komplikationsraten und ein gutes Outcome, sondern auch die präoperative Vorbereitung und Risikoabschätzung. Technische Innovationen (wie spinale Navigation, augmented/virtual reality und Robotik) können helfen, Ausmaß und Invasivität eines operativen Eingriffs so gering wie möglich zu halten. Register oder Big Data Analysen sowie flächendeckende Fortbildungsmöglichkeiten sind weitere Maßnahmen die Qualität der Versorgung von degenerativen Wirbelsäulenpatienten zu verbessern. Die Verantwortung hierfür liegt in unserer, aber auch in der Hand des Patienten.
Statistische Analyse des Neugeborenenscreenings
Authors: Kastner Marc 
Published: February 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn Deutschland werden im Neugeborenenscreening praktisch alle Neugeborenen auf lebensbedrohliche Stoffwechseldefekte und endokrine Störungen getestet. Nur etwa eines von 1 000 Neugeborenen hat tatsächlich eine dieser angeborenen Krankheiten. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit für einen auffälligen Befund ist mit ungefähr 0,6 % ebenfalls gering, jedoch 6-mal so hoch wie die tatsächliche Erkrankungsrate. Der Bluttest zur Entdeckung der Zielkrankheiten hat mit mehr als 99% richtig-negativen Ergebnissen eine sehr hohe Spezifität. Die Sensitivität für ein richtig-positives Ergebnis ist nicht bekannt, da die Anzahl der im Screening übersehenen Erkrankten nicht systematisch erfasst wird. Die statistische Analyse mithilfe des Bayes-Theorems zeigt, dass ein falsch-positives Testergebnis bei vielen gesunden Neugeborenen zu einer hohen Fehlerquote führt. Der positive Vorhersagewert ist – trotz hoher Sensitivität und sehr hoher Spezifität des Tests – mit circa 15 % nur gering. Ein positiver Testbefund ist deshalb mit großer Vorsicht zu betrachten. Der statistischen Fehlerquote stehen die hohen medizinischen Erfolge und wertvollen Heilungschancen für die tatsächlich an einer angeborenen Stoffwechsel- oder Hormonstörung erkrankten Neugeborenen gegenüber. Dieser Nutzen wiegt sehr viel schwerer und rechtfertigt das bevölkerungsdeckende Screening aller Neugeborenen. Der negative Vorhersagewert ist mit über 99,99 % äußerst hoch. Ein negativer Testbefund bedeutet für das Neugeborene und seine Angehörigen also praktisch Gewissheit, dass keine angeborene Stoffwechselstörung vorliegt. Eine statistische Analyse des Neugeborenenscreenings gibt den Betroffenen eine nützliche Entscheidungshilfe, die Risikosituation besser zu verstehen und kompetenter mit ihr umzugehen.
Teenage swearing in the UK
Authors: Drummond Rob 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article describes the swearing practices of a group of young people aged 14–16 in the UK. The young people
are in a specific context – a Pupil Referral Unit catering for pupils who have been excluded from mainstream school. The study’s
narrow focus builds on existing knowledge by providing a level of precision in terms of speaker and context not usually found in
swearing research. 13 key words are examined in terms of meaning, structure, frequency, and use between genders.
Shit and fuck, as the most common terms, are explored in more detail, with use of the latter
compared to existing accounts based on the British National Corpus. Examining the swearing practices of this
group of people adds detail to our knowledge of a particular style of English, paves the way for future research into the
socio-pragmatic functions of teenage swearing, and helps us to better understand the linguistic behaviour of an often-marginalised
section of society.
A survey of FPGA design for AI era
Authors: Li Zhengjie , Zhang Yufan , Wang Jian , Lai Jinmei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
FPGA is an appealing platform to accelerate DNN. We survey a range of FPGA chip designs for AI. For DSP module, one type of design is to support low-precision operation, such as 9-bit or 4-bit multiplication. The other type of design of DSP is to support floating point multiply-accumulates (MACs), which guarantee high-accuracy of DNN. For ALM (adaptive logic module) module, one type of design is to support low-precision MACs, three modifications of ALM includes extra carry chain, or 4-bit adder, or shadow multipliers which increase the density of on-chip MAC operation. The other enhancement of ALM or CLB (configurable logic block) is to support BNN (binarized neural network) which is ultra-reduced precision version of DNN. For memory modules which can store weights and activations of DNN, three types of memory are proposed which are embedded memory, in-package HBM (high bandwidth memory) and off-chip memory interfaces, such as DDR4/5. Other designs are new architecture and specialized AI engine. Xilinx ACAP in 7 nm is the first industry adaptive compute acceleration platform. Its AI engine can provide up to 8X silicon compute density. Intel AgileX in 10 nm works coherently with Intel own CPU, which increase computation performance, reduced overhead and latency.
Towards efficient deep neural network training by FPGA-based batch-level parallelism
Authors: Luo Cheng , Sit Man-Kit , Fan Hongxiang , Liu Shuanglong , Luk Wayne , Guo Ce 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Training deep neural networks (DNNs) requires a significant amount of time and resources to obtain acceptable results, which severely limits its deployment in resource-limited platforms. This paper proposes DarkFPGA, a novel customizable framework to efficiently accelerate the entire DNN training on a single FPGA platform. First, we explore batch-level parallelism to enable efficient FPGA-based DNN training. Second, we devise a novel hardware architecture optimised by a batch-oriented data pattern and tiling techniques to effectively exploit parallelism. Moreover, an analytical model is developed to determine the optimal design parameters for the DarkFPGA accelerator with respect to a specific network specification and FPGA resource constraints. Our results show that the accelerator is able to perform about 10 times faster than CPU training and about a third of the energy consumption than GPU training using 8-bit integers for training VGG-like networks on the CIFAR dataset for the Maxeler MAX5 platform.
A routing algorithm for FPGAs with time-multiplexed interconnects
Authors: Luo Ruiqi , Chen Xiaolei , Ha Yajun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Previous studies show that interconnects occupy a large portion of the timing budget and area in FPGAs. In this work, we propose a time-multiplexing technique on FPGA interconnects. In order to fully exploit this interconnect architecture, we propose a time-multiplexed routing algorithm that can actively identify qualified nets and schedule them to multiplexable wires. We validate the algorithm by using the router to implement 20 benchmark circuits to time-multiplexed FPGAs. We achieve a 38% smaller minimum channel width and 3.8% smaller circuit critical path delay compared with the state-of-the-art architecture router when a wire can be time-multiplexed six times in a cycle.