bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the Nitrogen Nutrition Status of Rice Plants Using Spectral and Image Technologies
Authors: Chun Ye , Jizhong Liu , Ying Liu , Yanda Li , Zhongsheng Cao , Huang Huang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate methods to estimate the nitrogen (N) nutrition status of rice plants using data obtained using a digital camera and a spectroradiometer. The overall aim was to compare the advantages and potential of image technology and spectral technology to monitor rice N indexes accurately, inexpensively, and in real time to optimize fertilization strategies. We conducted field trials of rice plants grown with different levels of N fertilizer in 2018 to 2019. Spectral information and images of the rice canopy were obtained at the jointing stage and the booting stage. Various image and spectral characteristic parameters were selected to construct models to estimate rice N status. Results: The determination coefficients of the models constructed using the ratio vegetation index (RVI[800,720]) and cover canopy (CC) as dependent variables were highly significant. The jointing stage was the best observation period. Among the models using spectral parameters, those constructed using RVI[800,720] to estimate rice N indexes had the highest coefficient of determination (R2) values (0.79, 0.60, and 0.61 for the models to estimate leaf area index(LAI), aboveground biomass(AGB), and plant N accumulation(PNA), respectively) (P < 0.01). Among the models using image data, those using CC to predict rice N indexes showed the highest R2 values (0.76, 0.66, and 0.73 for the models to estimate LAI, AGB, and PNA, respectively) (P < 0.01). The model using the spectral parameter RVI[800,720] had a good fit and stability in estimating leaf area index (LAI; R2 = 0.7989, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.4427, relative RMSE (RRMSE) = 11.45), and the model using the image parameter CC had a good fit in predicting plant nitrogen accumulation (PNA; R2 = 0.6768, RMSE = 11.6925 g·m-2, RRMSE = 121.78). Conclusions: Spectral and image parameters can be used as technical parameters to estimate biomass. The spectral parameter RVI[800,720] can be used to accurately estimate LAI, and the image parameter CC can be used to accurately estimate PNA, although its stability is poor. These technical parameters can be used for fast and non-destructive monitoring of rice plant biomass.
Machine Learning Prediction Models Based on Hub Genes Related to Immune Phenotypes in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Treated With Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Li Peiheng , Chen Zhi-Xin , Wang Dong , Zheng Zhi , Ji Zhi-Gang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer is one of the most frequent cancer in the world. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a more aggressive subtype with higher morbidity and mortality. ICB therapy has shown potential for treating MIBC, but is limited due to the lack of predictive biomarkers.Methods: 1601 MIBC transcriptomic profiles were obtained from 10 datasets. Unsupervised clustering of immune phenotypes in MIBC were performed based on immune-related signature genes. We analyzed the characteristics including immune microenvironments, metabolic pathways, and survival rates in different phenotypes. Multi-omic analysis and WGCNA were performed to identify hub genes distinguishing phenotypes related to prognosis. A model was established and CART was employed to predict the response of patients treated with ICB.Results: Of various immune phenotypes, cluster 3C was the most “inflamed” subcluster with the best prognosis, while cluster 1A was associated with “non-inflammation” and worse prognosis. WGCNA analysis identified 5 hub genes related to the survival rate of patients, IFNG, CXCR6, IL2RB, LCK, and PSMB10, which were utilized for prognostic score model and decision tree analysis. The areas under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curves predicting 5-year endpoint generated from the risk-based prediction model were 0.652. The mean accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CART for predicting stable disease/progressive disease were 70.1%, 70.0% and 71.7%.Conclusions: The 5 hub genes and generated models showed the potential for predicting the prognosis for patients receiving ICB therapy. The molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of the hub genes require further studies in the future.
MiR-744 facilitates non-small cell lung cancer progression by direct transcriptional regulation and indirect MAPK pathway activation mediated upregulation of C-FOS
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxia , Li Shangbiao , Li Na 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Metastasis is the leading cause of lung cancer associated death. Here, we focused on the function and molecular mechanism of miR-744 and its potential clinical application in lung carcinoma. Methods: The clinical cohort and data from TCGA were analyzed for the correlation of miR-744 and outcomes. Multiple NSCLC cell lines and a xenograft model were applied for the functional studies. Reporter assays were explored for transcriptional regulatory mechanism.Results: It was confirmed that the overexpression of miR-744 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in NSCLC. Both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that miR-744 overexpression aggravated the growth, invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cells. MiR-744 enhanced the resistance of lung cancer cells to radiotherapy and paclitaxel. MiR-744 positively regulated C-FOS by directly binding to the promoter of C-FOS and -1195 to -1227 and -298 to -323 bp upstream of C-FOS gene were the direct and efficient miR-744 binding sites. MiR-744 could also indirectly upregulate c-FOS protein by activating MAPK pathway.Conclusion: Our findings uncover the function and a novel mechanism of miR-744 in mediating growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells. Our data suggests that miR-744 may serve as a possible therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Controllable spin switch in a single-molecule magnet tunneling junction
Authors: Zhang Zhengzhong , Liu Hao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A new type of spin-current filter is proposed, which consists of a single-molecule magnet (SMM) coupled to two normal metal electrodes. It is shown that this tunneling junction can generate a highly spin-polarized current, whose spin polarization can be switched by the magnetic field and gate voltage applied to the SMM. Such a spin switching in the SMM tunnel junction arises from the spin-selected single electron resonant tunneling via the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit of the SMM. And the electron current spectrum in absences of external magnetic field is still spin-polarized, which can help us to judge if the molecule’s spin state has reach to the ground-state doublet |±S). This device can be realized with current technologies and may have practical use in spintronics and quantum information.PACS numbers: 72.25.-b, 75.50.Xx, 85.75.-d
Geological Characteristics of Close Geographical Related Vineyards Influence Microbiomes of Two Soil Depth Profiles With Potential Impacts on Wine Quality
Authors: Nerva Luca , Moffa Loredana , Giudice Gaetano , Giorgianni Alessandra , Tomasi Diego , Chitarra Walter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The role of soil microbiomes in agriculture is now becoming more and more important, leading to definition of plants as complex organisms formed by the plant itself plus the microbes inhabiting its tissues, the surface of every organ and the ones living adhered or in proximity of the roots. In this context it is important to define the factors able to influence the composition of such microbial communities. In addition, as already demonstrated, the microbial community associated to a specific soil is able to predetermine the health status of the crops in the future. For this reason, we decided to investigate how the soil geological characteristics can influence the microbial community associated to the close geographical related vineyard.Results We decided to analyse a calcarenitic and a marly-limestone soil which are both typical of the viticulture in the Menfi area (Sicily, Italy). Moreover, since vineyard is a semi-anthropic environment we decided to investigate both the top (10-20 cm) and deep (120 cm) soil layers as anthropic influenced and almost-undisturbed soil respectively. Interestingly we observed that, despite the close geographical proximity, the soil microbiomes were slightly different and that in addition, the soil geological characteristics are able to influence the root distribution and the accumulation of both pathogen- and symbiont-related genera. Furthermore, sensory profiles of the Grillo wines obtained from the two different soils confirmed the tight link between soil origin and wine traits.Conclusions In contrast to what observed in other works we pointed out that the geological characteristics of soils can have an important influence on soil microbial composition and assemblage in close geographical related vineyards, with a potential effect on wine features. Furthermore, defining the microbial composition of agricultural soils it’s a crucial step to achieve a more sustainable agriculture and viticulture. In this optic, the observed link between the geological characteristics and the microbiome profiles need to be taken into account when considering a soil for the successful establishment low chemical input agriculture practices.The SRA accession numbers of the NGS reported in this paper are deposited in NCBI under the BioProject PRJNA655455; BioSample SAMN15735114 and SAMN15735115; SRA accession SRR12436974 and SRR12436973
Functional Traits and Adaptation Mechanisms of Eucalyptus Species in the Congo
Authors: Ekomono Chrissy Garel Makouanzi , Loubassou Castella bath Shéba Vitel , Mbama Mavie Parfait , Panzou Grace Jopaul Loubota , Vigneron Philippe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Adaptation is not only effective by considering the survival of plants, but also by taking into account the traits that support adaptation to environmental changing. Local adaptation occurs because different environmental factors impose different selective pressures across habitats. Understanding the ecophysiological mechanisms underlying survival and growth in plants is crucial for establishing the reasons trade-offs are associated with adaptation.Methods: A comparison provenance test of 29 species of Eucalyptus were used to understand the adaptation strategies on the coastal plains of Pointe-Noire, in the Republic of the Congo. Survival, growth traits and leaves functional traits was jointly measured. Climatic traits of the species origin areas were also studied. Cluster analysis was performed to group species according to their growth strategy.Results: The results suggest that species would be able to survive under current environmental change by adjusting their specific leaf area plasticity. The cluster analysis suggests a subdivision of the 29 species into four groups. The first cluster brings together E.pilularis and E.peltata, with the lowest growth and the lowest specific leaf area. This cluster contains two species totally unsuited to the local conditions of Pointe-Noire. The second cluster contains species with a wide variety of responses as to their growth strategy, and are able to adapt to the local conditions. The third cluster includes a species are specialized in acquiring high proportions of resources while investing very little in growth. The fourth cluster groups the species with a very slow strategy of acquiring and using resources. Leaf anatomy is quite responsive to climatic conditions. Conclusion: By evaluating all aspects of strategies, Eucalyptus species have shown great variation in their functionnal traits and this may explains their diverse ecological range.
Energy Spectrum CT Differential Diagnosis of Idiopathic Calcification and Ossification of Adult Intervertebral Disc: A Report of three Cases
Authors: Wu Xiaolin , Xiang Hongfei , Cong Wenbin , Zhang Guoqing , chen bohua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCalcification of adult intervertebral disc is a rare clinical disease, and its imaging diagnosis directly affects the formulation of the operation plan. In this study, three cases are used to illustrate that the application of energy spectrum CT as the preoperative diagnosis can better reflect the pathological situation and structure of the focus, further helping with preoperative judgment. Case presentationWe report two cases of idiopathic calcification of adult thoracic intervertebral disc. In addition to Routine CT and MRI before the operation, energy spectrum CT was taken to produce analytical diagnosis of the lesions. According to the results, the surgical resection mode was determined. The postoperative confirmation was highly consistent with the image diagnosis. Likewise, a case of posterior margin of vertebral body and ossification of intervertebral disc was selected for the same diagnosis procedure, and the two were compared for differentiation.ConclusionIn the illustration that the texture of the vertebral canal presser being uncertain, the energy spectrum can identify the calcium type of the presser, as well as the atomic number histogram being able to fix the absolute content value and the distribution rule of calcium. Meanwhile, the calcium-water astigmatism map can resolve the calcium deposition mode, with better estimation of the focus presser hardness.
A Review on Different Analytical Techniques for Determination of DNP Drugs and their Metabolites in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Bag Puja , Kumar Bhupinder 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Neuropathy is the most common perplexity of diabetes type 1 and 2.
About 50% of diabetic patients develop diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). At the beginning of diabetic
neuropathy, there is a loss of sense, especially in the lower limb, accompanied by pain, and
difficulty in movement. Glucose regulation effectively prevents the development of diabetic neuropathy
in type 1 diabetic patients, but the consequences in type 2 diabetic patients are more drastic.

Introduction:
No single treatment exists to prevent or renovate the pain caused by diabetic neuropathy.
The drugs used for the treatment of DNP come in various formulations and with different storage
conditions. To date, a number of analytical methodologies have been reported for the analysis
of DNP drugs. Few reports are published describing analytical methods of single DNP drugs.

Methods:
The main objective of this review is to compile the different analytical methods developed
at UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-visible) spectrophotometer, HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography),
and LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry) to identify and quantify the
drug content in various formulations, which are used to treat or prevent the diabetic neuropathic
pain mainly focusing on γ-aminobutyric acid analogues, anti-depressants, Serotonin Noradrenaline
Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs), aldose reductase inhibitors, opioids, and dietary supplements.

Results and Discussion:
We have compiled UV-Vis, HPLC, and Liquid Chromatography-Mass
spectrometry analytical methods developed to study the pharmacokinetic profile, quantify drug content,
and their metabolites in plasma as well as pharmaceutical formulations.

Conclusion:
The authors believe that the mentioned studies in the report will help audible readers
to select a suitable method for analysis of these drugs and also help researchers to develop a more
convenient, fast, and sensitive method for these.
Impact of Climatic Variations on Drug-induced Skin Reactions in Two Different Regions of India
Authors: Deb Tirthankar , Ghosh Abhishek , Dalai Chanchal Kumar , Rani Neha 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Around 2-3% of hospitalizations have been reported due to dermatological
adverse drug reactions. Recent studies suggest that climatic variations affect the skin barrier
function and extreme conditions aggravate skin disorders.

Objective:
The present study was designed to compare the impact of climatic variations on drug-induced
skin reactions in the Northern and Eastern regions of India.

Methods:
We performed a one-year retrospective study to evaluate the impact of climatic variations
(temperature and humidity) on drug-induced skin reactions in the Eastern (Kalyani, West Bengal)
and Northern (Karnal, Haryana) regions. Drug-induced skin reactions were reported month--
wise in both the Eastern and Northern regions. Temperature and humidity levels were also noted
month-wise in both regions. The direct correlation between climatic variations and the number of
drug reactions were assessed using Pearsonˈs correlation and quadratic regression analysis.

Results and Discussion:
Overall, 99 and 81 dermatological adverse drug reactions were reported
in tertiary care hospitals in the Northern and Eastern regions, respectively. During the summer season,
the humidity level was found to be low in the Northern region as compared to the Eastern region.
During this period, drug-induced skin reactions were reported significantly (p<0.05) more in
the Northern region as compared to the Eastern region. Furthermore, quadratic regression analysis
revealed that climatic variations contributed to drug reaction variability in the Northern region
(68.5%) and Eastern region (23.5%).

Conclusion:
Therefore, the difference in the prevalence of drug-induced skin reactions may be related
to the different climatic conditions among these two regions. Further studies in controlled climatic
conditions should be performed for definitive correlations and to look into possible solutions.
Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Hardened Fe-Al-Mn Grinding Ball
Authors: Kartikasari Ratna , Subardi Adi , Susiana Anita 
Published: August 2020

Objective:This study aimed to determine the effect of hardening temperature on microstructure, wear and corrosion resistance of Fe-Al-Mn alloy grinding ball.Methods:Hardening process was carried out at 900oC, 950oC, 1000oC, 1050oC and 1100oC, held for 60 minutes and cooled using SAE 20 oil. Tests included chemical composition, SEM-EDS, wear and corrosion resistance test.Results:Chemical composition test results show that this alloy is high alloy steel because it contains 3.6% aluminum (Al), 13.6% manganese (Mn) and 1.1% carbon (C). Microstructures found are austenite, ferrite and kappa. EDS test results show that in the austenite phase, C decreased when hardening temperature increased. Ferrite phase contains Mn which increased when hardening temperature increased while C was the other way around. Mn is relatively stable in the kappa phase. The best wear and corrosion resistance (4.3 x 10-7mm2/kg and 0.00026 mm/yr) of hardened Fe-Al-Mn grinding ball occurred at 900oC. The corrosion rate is extraordinary.Conclusion:Microstructures of the Fe-Al-Mn alloy grinding ball after the hardening process are austenite, ferrite and kappa.
Application of Geographical Information System Techniques to Determine High Crash-Prone Areas in the Fort Peck Indian Reservation
Authors: Nazneen Sahima , Rezapour Mahdi , Ksaibati Khaled 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Historically, Indian reservations have been struggling with higher crash rates than the rest of the United States. In an effort to improve roadway safety in these areas, different agencies are working to address this disparity. For any safety improvement program, identifying high risk crash locations is the first step to determine contributing factors of crashes and select corresponding countermeasures.

Methods:
This study proposes an approach to determine crash-prone areas using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques through creating crash severity maps and Network Kernel Density Estimation (NetKDE). These two maps were assessed to determine the high-risk road segments having a high crash rate, and high injury severity. However, since the statistical significance of the hotspots cannot be evaluated in NetKDE, this study employed Getis-Ord Gi* (d) statistics to ascertain statistically significant crash hotspots. Finally, maps generated through these two methods were assessed to determine statistically significant high-risk road segments. Moreover, temporal analysis of the crash pattern was performed using spider graphs to explore the variance throughout the day.

Results:
Within the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, some parts of the US highway 13, BIA Route 1, and US highway 2 are among the many segments being identified as high-risk road segments in this analysis. Also, although some residential roads have PDO crashes, they have been detected as high priority areas due to high crash occurrence. The temporal analysis revealed that crash patterns were almost similar on the weekdays reaching the peak at traffic peak hours, but during the weekend, crashes mostly occurred at midnight.

Conclusion:
The study would provide tribes with the tool to identify locations demanding immediate safety concerns. This study can be used as a template for other tribes to perform spatial and temporal analysis of the crash patterns to identify high risk crash locations on their roadways.
To Study the Spread Curve of Corona Virus in India
Authors: Amit Patnaik , Anita Sinha , Vinay Oraon , Kumar Srivastava Anjani , Jyoti Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Surprisingly, all the developed countries across the world are reeling under
death due to the Coronavirus infection cases (COVID 19), but a developing country like India with the
second largest population still here, the casualty is very less and recovery rate is very high due to the
strong immunity of the people, vaccination regime for other diseases and hot and humid condition of the
country.

Objective:
Yet, the greatest number of cases are in the State of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Delhi, Karnataka,
Gujrat, Uttar Pradesh, and Telangana the Western, Central, and Southern part of the country surprisingly
the Eastern part of the country have a less number of active cases and also the mortality except
for West Bengal.

Conclusion:
In the State of Jharkhand very less number of active cases i.e., 2785 and mortality is only
49, is there any role of geographical condition or there is some strong genetic form so that the inhabitants
have very strong immune resistance to develop the infection initiated by the virus. In this review,
these questions are in focus and may be solved.
Editorial
Authors: Jaya Akmal 
Published: August 2020

Pada edisi kali ini, Vol. IV No.1, Juli 2016, Jurnal Poetika secara spesifik mengangkat tema Gender sebagai bahan pembahasannya. Aspek penting dalam studi Gender tidak lepas sejarah pemikiran feminis abad ke-19 senantiasa berkutat pada relasi oposisi, yakni siapa yang berkuasa dan siapa yang mengalami opresi kekuasaan, juga pada relasi posisi—siapa subjek dan siapa objek. Perkembangan kehidupan sosial manusia memberikan pengaruh tersendiri pada perkembangan ideologi terkait gerakan feminisme itu sendiri. Feminisme radikal, liberal, sosial, agama, dll, menggambarkan adanya perbedaan dalam menanggapi kompleksitas perkembangan kehidupan. Perbedaan tersebut seakan mengembalikan satu keadaan dimana gerakan perempuan dipertanyakan ulang atas suara- suara perempuan yang diperjuangkan. Namun di sisi lain, hal tersebut juga menambah khazanah pengetahuan yang memunculkan gambaran-gambaran ketimpangan yang dialami oleh perempuan di berbagai aspek kehidupan. Melalui berbagai perspektif, enam tulisan dalam jurnal ini mencoba melihat secara mendalam wacana Gender dari banyak karya sastra.