bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living Machines: Metaphors We Live By
Authors: Vaage Nora S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWithin biology and in society, living creatures have long been described using metaphors of machinery and computation: ‘bioengineering’, ‘genes as code’ or ‘biological chassis’. This paper builds on Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) argument that such language mechanisms shape how we understand the world. I argue that the living machines metaphor builds upon a certain perception of life entailing an idea of radical human control of the living world, looking back at the historical preconditions for this metaphor. I discuss how design is perceived to enable us to shape natural beings to our will, and consider ethical, epistemological and ontological implications of the prevalence of this metaphor, focusing on its use within synthetic biology. I argue that we urgently need counter-images to the dominant metaphor of living machines and its implied control and propose that artworks can provide such counter-images through upsetting the perception of life as controllable. This is argued through discussion of artworks by Oron Catts and Ionat Zurr, by Tarsh Bates and by Ai Hasegawa, which in different ways challenge mechanistic assumptions through open-ended engagement with the strangeness and messiness of life.
High-speed imaging the effect of snap-off distance and squeegee speed on the ink transfer mechanism of screen-printed carbon pastes
Authors: Potts Sarah-Jane , Phillips Chris , Jewell Eifion , Clifford Ben , Lau Yin Cheung , Claypole Tim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractScreen printing is the most widely used process in the production of printed electronics due to its ability to consistently transfer inks containing a wide range of functional materials onto a range of substrates. However, despite its extensive use, the mechanism by which the ink is transferred through the mesh and onto the substrate is not fully understood. Existing theories are contradictory and lack experimental validation. Therefore, high-speed imaging was used in combination with a screen-printing simulation rig that was designed to provide good optical access to study ink deposition during the screen-printing process. The variation in the four stages of ink flow through the screen, described in the theory by Messerschmitt, has been quantified with respect to changes in snap-off distance and squeegee speed. Analyses of the images were compared with measurements of the ink properties and corroborated with analyses of the prints. This has provided a better understanding of the mechanism by which the ink transfers from the mesh to the substrate and subsequently separates in screen printing. This could be used as the basis for the development of predictive algorithms, as well as to improve the understanding of how to optimize print quality and performance.
Meaning in Life as a Moderator between Homophobic Stigmatization and Coping Styles in Adult Offspring from Planned Lesbian-Parent Families
Authors: Bos Henny , Koh Audrey S. , van Beusekom Gabriël , Rothblum Esther D. , Gartrell Nanette 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction
The current study examined whether achieving a sense of meaning in life moderated the association between experienced homophobic stigmatization and coping styles in emerging adult offspring of lesbian mothers. In the sixth wave of the U S National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study, completed in 2017, the 76 participating offspring were 25 years old.

Methods
The offspring completed an online survey containing questions about homophobic stigmatization, coping styles (problem-focused, active emotional, and avoidant emotional coping), and meaning in life.

Results
The interaction between homophobic stigmatization and meaning in life was significant for problem-focused and avoidant emotional coping. Further analyses showed that for participants with low levels of meaning in life, exposure to homophobic stigmatization was associated with less problem-focused coping and more avoidant emotional coping.

Discussion
The social policy implications of these findings suggest that achieving a sense of meaning in life can serve as a protective factor in reducing the negative influence of homophobic stigmatization on coping styles.

Social Policy Implications
Thus homophobia associated with being raised by sexual minority parents may affect offspring as adults, even after these offspring no longer live with their parents. This finding illuminates the importance of developing a sense of meaning in life by encouraging self-efficacy on the part of schools and community organizations.
A Systematic Review for the Design of In Vitro Flow Studies of the Carotid Artery Bifurcation
Authors: Hoving A. M. , de Vries E. E. , Mikhal J. , de Borst G. J. , Slump C. H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
In vitro blood flow studies in carotid artery bifurcation models may contribute to understanding the influence of hemodynamics on carotid artery disease. However, the design of in vitro blood flow studies involves many steps and selection of imaging techniques, model materials, model design, and flow visualization parameters. Therefore, an overview of the possibilities and guidance for the design process is beneficial for researchers with less experience in flow studies.

Methods
A systematic search to in vitro flow studies in carotid artery bifurcation models aiming at quantification and detailed flow visualization of blood flow dynamics results in inclusion of 42 articles.

Results
Four categories of imaging techniques are distinguished: MRI, optical particle image velocimetry (PIV), ultrasound and miscellaneous techniques. Parameters for flow visualization are categorized into velocity, flow, shear-related, turbulent/disordered flow and other parameters. Model materials and design characteristics vary between study type.

Conclusions
A simplified three-step design process is proposed for better fitting and adequate match with the pertinent research question at hand and as guidance for less experienced flow study researchers. The three consecutive selection steps are: flow parameters, image modality, and model materials and designs. Model materials depend on the chosen imaging technique, whereas choice of flow parameters is independent from imaging technique and is therefore only determined by the goal of the study.
Mass Education, International Travel, and Ideal Ages at Marriage
Authors: Compernolle Ellen L. , Axinn William G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOpportunities to document associations between macro-level changes in social organization and the spread of new individual attitudes are relatively rare. Moreover, of the factors generally understood to be influential, little is known about the potential mechanisms that make them so powerful. Here we use longitudinal measures from the Chitwan Valley Family Study (CVFS) to describe the processes of ideational change across 12 years among a representative sample from a rural agrarian setting in South Asia. Findings from lagged dependent variable models show that (1) two key dimensions of social organization—education and international travel—are strongly associated with change in attitudes, net of prior attitudes; (2) reorganization of education and travel are associated with attitudes toward ideal age at marriage; and (3) this association varies by gender. Using the study’s prospective design, we document not only these important associations but also potential mechanisms of education and travel—exposure to the English language and friends’ international travel experience—as potentially powerful social influences on individuals’ attitudes, independent of their own experiences.
ASSIGNING AN ISOMORPHISM TYPE TO A HYPERDEGREE
Authors: BECKER HOWARD 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLet L be a computable vocabulary, let XL be the space of L-structures with universe ω and let $f:{2^\omega } \to {X_L}$ be a hyperarithmetic function such that for all $x,y \in {2^\omega }$, if $x{ \equiv _h}y$ then $f\left( x \right) \cong f\left( y \right)$. One of the following two properties must hold. (1) The Scott rank of f (0) is $\omega _1^{CK} + 1$. (2) For all $x \in {2^\omega },f\left( x \right) \cong f\left( 0 \right)$.
ON THE EXISTENCE OF LARGE ANTICHAINS FOR DEFINABLE QUASI-ORDERS
Authors: MILLER BENJAMIN D. , VIDNYÁNSZKY ZOLTÁN 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe simultaneously generalize Silver’s perfect set theorem for co-analytic equivalence relations and Harrington-Marker-Shelah’s Dilworth-style perfect set theorem for Borel quasi-orders, establish the analogous theorem at the next definable cardinal, and give further generalizations under weaker definability conditions.
Chinatowns and the Rise of China
Authors: ANG IEN 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the early twentieth century, Chinatowns in the West were ghettoes for Chinese immigrants who were marginalized and considered ‘other’ by the dominant society. In Western eyes, these areas were the no-go zones of the Oriental ‘other’. Now, more than a hundred years later, traditional Chinatowns still exist in some cities but their meaning and role has been transformed, while in other cities entirely new Chinatowns have emerged. This article discusses how Chinatowns today are increasingly contested sites where older diasporic understandings of Chineseness are unsettled by newer, neoliberal interpretations, dominated by the pull of China's new-found economic might. In particular, the so-called ‘rise of China’ has spawned a globalization of the idea of ‘Chinatown’ itself, with its actual uptake in urban development projects the world over, or a backlash against it, determined by varying perceptions of China's global ascendancy as an amalgam of threat and opportunity.
China Normal: Patterns of urbanization, industrialization, and trade on a Eurasian discursive base
Authors: CROSSLEY PAMELA KYLE 
Published: December 2019

AbstractComparative historians have illuminated the weaknesses in the Europe-derived and Europe-centred historical paradigms of the preceding century-and-a-half, while questioning the factual foundations and depth of Europe's development towards capitalism, imperialism, and industrialism. But a continental perspective on China's early modern development suggests the possibilities of a vicinage—or integrated environment—approach to China's development and its relevance to more widespread changes of the early modern period.
Kinematic Synthesis and Design of the Robust Closed Loop Articulated Minimally actuated (CLAM) Hand
Authors: Robson Nina , Ghosh Shramana , Soh Gim Song 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYThe paper presents a comprehensive design process for the development of the minimally actuated Closed Loop Articulated Mechanical (CLAM) hand. Each of the fingers is designed as a planar one degree of freedom eight-bar linkage with an anthropomorphic backbone chain. The fingers movement is based on experimentally obtained physiological precision grasping task, with incorporated second-order task specifications, related to maintaining fingertip–body contact with a minimum number of fingers. Instead of actuating individual joints in each finger, the mechanism generates the desired anthropomorphic grasping trajectory using a single actuator in each finger. The paper offers not only details on multi-loop articulated hands design based on anthropometric data and physiological task with second-order effects for maintaining the object–fingertip contact, but also shows how this class of hands that have been considered mostly for adaptive grasping can be successfully utilized for precision grasping. The minimal number of fingers and actuators can simplify the control, resulting in a robust, lightweight, and cost-effective solution for the precision grasping of a variety of objects with different shapes and geometries.
ASYMPTOTICS OF A GAUSS HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION WITH TWO LARGE PARAMETERS: A NEW CASE
Authors: HARPER J. F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAsymptotic expansions of the Gauss hypergeometric function with large parameters, $F(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{1}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F};\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{3}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F};z)$ as $|\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}|\rightarrow \infty$, are known for many special cases, but not for one that the author encountered in recent work on fluid mechanics: $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{2}=0$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{3}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{1}z$. This paper gives the leading term for that case if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ is not a negative integer and $z$ is not on the branch cut $[1,\infty )$, and it shows how subsequent terms can be found.
Is the Relation Between Ionospheric Parameters and Solar Proxies Stable?
Authors: Lastovicka Jan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe relationship between ionospheric parameters and solar activity proxies is important for long‐term studies as ionospheric climatology or long‐term trends and for modeling. It has been broadly assumed that this relationship is stable with time. Using foF2 and foE of four European stations with long (1976–2014) data series, Juliusruh, Pruhonice, Rome, and Slough/Chilton, we show that it is not quite correct assumption. The dependence of yearly average values of ionospheric parameters on solar activity proxies appears to be steeper in 1996–2014 than in 1976–1995 for foF2 and steeper after 2000 for foE. Also, the relationships among solar activity proxies seem to change. Yearly values of foF2 and foE are very predominantly controlled by solar activity represented by proxies.
Biomass Burning Unlikely to Account for Missing Source of Carbonyl Sulfide
Authors: Stinecipher J.R. , Cameron‐Smith P.J. , Blake N.J. , Kuai L. , Lejeune B. , Mahieu E. , Simpson I.J. , Campbell J.E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCarbonyl sulfide (OCS) provides a proxy for measuring photosynthesis and is the primary background source of stratospheric aerosols. OCS emissions due to biomass burning are a variable and substantial (over 10%) part of the current OCS budget. OCS emission ratios from open burning fires, coupled with 1997–2016 data from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4), yield OCS biomass burning emissions with a global average annual flux of 60 ± 37 Gg(S) year−1. A global box model suggests these emissions are more consistent with observations from global atmospheric composition monitoring networks than fluxes derived from previous synthesis papers. Even after considering the uncertainty in emission factor observations for each category of emissions and the interannual variation in total burned dry matter, the total OCS emissions from open burning are insufficient to account for the large imbalance between current estimates of global OCS sources and sinks.
Temporal and Spatial Scales of Correlation in Marine Phytoplankton Communities
Authors: Kuhn A. M. , Dutkiewicz S. , Jahn O. , Clayton S. , Rynearson T. A. , Mazloff M. R. , Barton A. D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOcean circulation shapes marine phytoplankton communities by setting environmental conditions and dispersing organisms. In addition, processes acting on the water column (e.g., heat fluxes and mixing) affect the community structure by modulating environmental variables that determine in situ growth and loss rates. Understanding the scales over which phytoplankton communities vary in time and space is key to elucidate the relative contributions of local processes and ocean circulation on phytoplankton distributions. Using a global ocean ecosystem model, we quantify temporal and spatial correlation scales for phytoplankton phenotypes with diverse functional traits and cell sizes. Through this analysis, we address these questions: (1) Over what timescales do perturbations in phytoplankton populations persist? and (2) over what distances are variations in phytoplankton populations synchronous? We find that correlation timescales are short in regions of strong currents, such as the Gulf Stream and Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Conversely, in the subtropical gyres, phytoplankton population anomalies persist for relatively long periods. Spatial correlation length scales are elongated near ocean fronts and narrow boundary currents, reflecting flow paths and frontal patterns. In contrast, we find nearly isotropic spatial correlation fields where current speeds are small, or where mixing acts roughly equally in all directions. Phytoplankton timescales and length scales also vary coherently with phytoplankton body size. In addition to aiding understanding of phytoplankton population dynamics, our results provide global insights to guide the design of biological ocean observing networks and to better interpret data collected at long‐term monitoring stations.
Stuck at the Bar: Larger‐Than‐Average Grain Lag Deposits and the Spectrum of Particle Mobility
Authors: Williams R. D. , Reid H. E. , Brierley G. J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLarger‐than‐average grain deposits in gravel bed rivers potentially exert a distinctive influence upon fluvial morphodynamics and flow resistance. They are products of historical contingency, sourced from rare events that supply atypically coarse material. Larger‐than‐average grain lag deposits are emblematic attributes of the Tongariro River, New Zealand. They are deposited on bar edges and heads. Derived from lahar valley floor deposits that subsequently became terraces, these materials are less likely to be reworked across a range of flows compared to other bar material. Conceptual models that consider channel configuration and incorporate distributions of particle mobility and flood flows are necessary to assess the role of larger‐than‐average grain deposits on river morphodynamics.
LncRNA MACC1-AS1 sponges multiple miRNAs and RNA-binding protein PTBP1
Authors: Zhang Xiaona , Zhou Yanchun , Chen Shaoying , Li Wei , Chen Weibing , Gu Wei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNA (lncRNA) represents a class of endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. To date, the function and underlying mechanism of the majority of mammalian lncRNAs remain unknown. Here, we report that MACC1-AS1, a cognate antisense lncRNA of the sixth intron of the MACC1 gene, functions as a cell growth modulator and enhances breast tumor progress. RNA pulldown and luciferase assays showed that MACC1-AS1 contained binding sites for multiple miRNAs, including well-known tumor suppressors miR-384 and miR-145-3p that repress the expression of pleiotrophin (PTN) and c-Myc mRNAs. Binding of miR-384 and miR-145-3p miRNAs to MACC1-AS1 alters the cell growth phenotype through increased expression of PTN and c-Myc mRNAs. MACC1-AS1 also competitively interacted with PTBP1, an RNA-binding protein, via a conserved pyrimidine rich motif within this lncRNA. Binding of PTBP1to MACC1-AS1 not only stabilized MACC1-AS1 and enhanced the sponge effect of MACC1-AS1 on miRNAs, but also decreased PTBP1 availability for binding to target mRNAs. Our results define a new dimension into how a lncRNA is able to regulate cell growth by sponging multiple miRNAs and an RNA-binding protein.
Exploration of the propagation of transpovirons within Mimiviridae reveals a unique example of commensalism in the viral world
Authors: Jeudy Sandra , Bertaux Lionel , Alempic Jean-Marie , Lartigue Audrey , Legendre Matthieu , Belmudes Lucid , Santini Sébastien , Philippe Nadège , Beucher Laure , Biondi Emanuele G , Juul Sissel , Turner Daniel J , Couté Yohann , Claverie Jean-Michel , Abergel Chantal 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Acanthamoeba-infecting Mimiviridae are giant viruses with dsDNA genome up to 1.5 Mb. They build viral factories in the host cytoplasm in which the nuclear-like virus-encoded functions take place. They are themselves the target of infections by 20-kb-dsDNA virophages, replicating in the giant virus factories and can also be found associated with 7-kb-DNA episomes, dubbed transpovirons. Here we isolated a virophage (Zamilon vitis) and two transpovirons respectively associated to B- and C-clade mimiviruses. We found that the virophage could transfer each transpoviron provided the host viruses were devoid of a resident transpoviron (permissive effect). If not, only the resident transpoviron originally isolated from the corresponding virus was replicated and propagated within the virophage progeny (dominance effect). Although B- and C-clade viruses devoid of transpoviron could replicate each transpoviron, they did it with a lower efficiency across clades, suggesting an ongoing process of adaptive co-evolution. We analysed the proteomes of host viruses and virophage particles in search of proteins involved in this adaptation process. This study also highlights a unique example of intricate commensalism in the viral world, where the transpoviron uses the virophage to propagate and where the Zamilon virophage and the transpoviron depend on the giant virus to replicate, without affecting its infectious cycle.
Protein kinase D1 regulates metabolic switch in pancreatic cancer via modulation of mTORC1
Authors: Kumari Sonam , Khan Sheema , Sekhri Radhika , Mandil Hassan , Behrman Stephen , Yallapu Murali M. , Chauhan Subhash C. , Jaggi Meena 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is a serine–threonine kinase that regulates various functions within the cell. Herein, we report the significance of PKD1 expression in glucose metabolism resulting in pancreatic cancer (PanCa) progression and chemo-resistance.

Methods
PKD1 expression in PanCa was investigated by using immunohistochemistry. Functional and metabolic assays were utilised to analyse the effect of PKD1 expression/knockdown on associated cellular/molecular changes.

Results
PKD1 expression was detected in human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions (MCS = 12.9; P < 0.0001) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma samples (MCS = 15, P < 0.0001) as compared with faint or no expression in normal pancreatic tissues (MCS = 1.54; P < 0.0001). Our results determine that PKD1 enhances glucose metabolism in PanCa cells, by triggering enhanced tumorigenesis and chemo-resistance. We demonstrate that mTORC1 activation by PKD1 regulates metabolic alterations in PanCa cells. siRNA knockdown of Raptor or treatment with rapamycin inhibited PKD1-accelerated lactate production as well as glucose consumption in cells, which confirms the association of mTORC1 with PKD1-induced metabolic alterations.

Conclusion
This study suggests a novel role of PKD1 as a key modulator of the glucose metabolism in PanCa cells accelerating tumorigenesis and chemo-resistance. The remodelling of PKD1-dysregulated glucose metabolism can be achieved by regulation of mTORC1 for development of novel therapeutic strategies.