bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ВПЛИВ МОДУЛЯТОРІВ СИНТЕЗУ ОКСИДУ АЗОТУ НА ПОКАЗНИКИ ГЕМОСТАЗУ ПРИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОМУ АНТИФОСФОЛІПІДНОМУ СИНДРОМІ
Authors: Yaremchuk O. Z. 
Published: May 2020

Вступ. Антифосфоліпідний синдром (АФС) – це автоімунне захворювання, що характеризується артеріальними та венозними тромбозами, тромбоцитопенією. Він є причиною невиношування вагітності у 27–42 % випадків.
Мета дослідження – оцінити вплив L-аргініну та аміногуанідину на показники системи згортання крові й рівень тромбоцитів за умов експериментального антифосфоліпідного синдрому до вагітності та на її фоні.
Методи дослідження. Антифосфоліпідний синдром моделювали на мишах-самках лінії BALB/с. Для корекції використовували L-аргінін (25 мг/кг) та аміногуанідин (10 мг/кг). Досліджували кількість тромбоцитів, концентрацію фібриногену і показники коагулограми.
Результати й обговорення. У результаті виконаних досліджень у тварин з АФС до вагітності й на 18-й день вагітності встановлено зниження кількості тромбоцитів, підвищення концентрації фібриногену, вкорочення активованого часткового тромбопластинового часу і протромбінового часу, збільшення протромбінового індексу та зменшення міжнародного нормалізованого співвідношення відносно показників контрольних груп. На фоні введення L-аргініну в мишей з АФС до вагітності й на 18-й день вагітності відзначено зростання кількості тромбоцитів та зниження концентрації фібриногену щодо тварин з АФС. Водночас у тварин з АФС встановлено подальше вкорочення активованого часткового тромбопластинового часу, а у вагітних мишей з АФС спостерігали його подовження і збільшення міжнародного нормалізованого співвідношення. При введенні аміногуанідину у тварин з АФС відмічено подальше вкорочення активованого часткового тромбопластинового часу, зменшення протромбінового часу та міжнародного нормалізованого співвідношення відносно інтактних тварин. У мишей з АФС до вагітності та на її фоні спостерігали зростання протромбінового індексу при введенні аміногуанідину.
Висновки. Встановлено схильність до гіперкоагуляції та ризик тромбоутворення у самок з антифосфоліпідним синдромом, що є одним із провідних патобіохімічних аспектів невиношування вагітності при цій патології. L-аргінін сприяє відновленню показників гемокоагуляції та нормалізації кількості тромбоцитів, а аміногуанідин у мишей з антифосфоліпідним синдромом та з антифосфоліпідним синдромом на фоні вагітності призводить до прогресування змін коагулограми, що свідчать про зростання схильності до тромбоутворення.
Transplantes hematológicos e seleção genética em projetos parentais
Authors: Araújo Ana Thereza Meireles de , Araújo Filho José Edson Oliveira 
Published: May 2020

O artigo destina-se à análise de projetos parentais assistidos voltados à reprodução de indivíduo compatível com receptor que possui doença hematológica com indicação de transplante. A pesquisa foi construída a partir de uma análise médico-jurídica, com base na constatação da necessidade de esclarecimentos que pertencem às duas esferas da ciência. Como objetivo, buscou-se identificar se a reprodução programada de alguém para benefício de outrem avilta os direitos da pessoa, expressos no sentido constitucional de dignidade humana. Para isso, teve-se como pressuposto relevante o acesso a conhecimentos de natureza médica, que envolveram a compreensão dos indicadores de transplantes e da seleção genética conduzida pelo argumento terapêutico, para, posteriormente, adentrar a avaliação das motivações relacionadas à realização do procedimento assistido de reprodução. A pesquisa tem natureza teórica, adotando o método analítico-discursivo.
Quantifying the Influence of Wedge Pressure, Age, and Heart Rate on the Systolic Thresholds for Detection of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Amsallem Myriam , Tedford Ryan J. , Denault Andre , Sweatt Andrew J. , Guihaire Julien , Hedman Kristofer , Peighambari Shadi , Kim Juyong Brian , Li Xiao , Miller Robert J. H. , Mercier Olaf , Fadel Elie , Zamanian Roham , Haddad Francois 
Published: May 2020

Background

The strong linear relation between mean (
MPAP
) and systolic (
SPAP
) pulmonary arterial pressure (eg,
SPAP
=1.62×
MPAP
) has been mainly reported in precapillary pulmonary hypertension. This study sought to quantify the influence of pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (
PAWP
), heart rate, and age on the
MPAP
‐
SPAP
relation.

Methods and Results

An allometric equation relating invasive
MPAP
and
SPAP
was developed in 1135 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, advanced lung disease, chronic thromboembolic
pulmonary hypertension
, or left heart failure. The equation was validated in 60 885 patients from the United Network for Organ Sharing (
UNOS
) database referred for heart and/or lung transplant. The
MPAP
/
SPAP
longitudinal stability was assessed in
pulmonary arterial hypertension
with repeated right heart catheterization. The equation obtained was
SPAP
=1.39×
MPAP
×
PAWP
−0.07
×(60/heart rate)
0.12
×age
0.08
(
P
<0.001). It was validated in the
UNOS
cohort (
R
2
=0.93,
P
<0.001), regardless of the type of organ(s) patients were listed for (mean bias [−1.96
SD
; 1.96
SD
] was 0.94 [−8.00; 9.88] for heart, 1.34 [−7.81; 10.49] for lung and 0.25 [−16.74; 17.24] mm Hg for heart‐lung recipients). Thresholds of
SPAP
for
MPAP
=25 and 20 mm Hg were lower in patients with higher
PAWP
(37.2 and 29.8 mm Hg) than in those with
pulmonary arterial hypertension
(40.1 and 32.0 mm Hg). In 186 patients with
pulmonary arterial hypertension
, the predicted
MPAP
/
SPAP
was stable over time (0.63±0.03 at baseline and follow‐up catheterization,
P
=0.43).

Conclusions

This study quantifies the impact of
PAWP
, and to a lesser extent heart rate and age, on the
MPAP
‐
SPAP
relation, supporting lower
SPAP
thresholds for
pulmonary hypertension
diagnosis in patients with higher
PAWP
for echocardiography‐based epidemiological studies.
Badīʿ al-Zamān Saʿīd al-Nūrsī’s Methodological Approach in Thematic Qurʾānic Exegesis: the Case of Resurrecting the Body
Authors: El-Khatib Abdallah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Proving the resurrection of the body by logic is one of the most challenging issues of our time as many people deny the resurrection nowadays. Badīʿ al-Zamān Saʿīd al-Nūrsī has used thematic exegesis to prove the resurrection of the body through two ways: first, studying this topic through surveying all the verses of the Qurʾān. Secondly, studying the main topic and core of the sūra and then interpreting its verses accordingly. Further, the main aim of this article is first, to explain the logical approach which Badīʿ al-Zamān Saʿīd al-Nūrsī has followed in order to eliminate all the doubts about resurrection possibility and the resurrection of the body. Second, it aims at explaining how thematic tafsīr could be used to explain the major Qrʾānic and creed issues such as resurrection. The methodology used in this article is surveying all the writings of Badīʿ al-Zamān Saʿīd al-Nūrsī to well explain his methodology. Finally, the conclusion reached in this article is that proving the resurrection of the body through logic which is derived from the holy Qurʾān is very easy through the methodology used by Badīʿ al-Zamān Saʿīd al-Nūrsī, and his argument could be used to strengthen the belief in the Day of Judgement and to disprove those who deny it.
Metaphor Translation Procedures and their Application in Translating Amthāl al-Hadith into Malay with Reference to Newmark’s Theory
Authors: Hussin Mohamad , Mansor Idris 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Amthāl are loaded with metaphorical and cultural elements. The translation of texts with elements of culture and metaphors requires specific approaches and deep understanding of both the source and target languages. The objectives of this research are to investigate the role of context in explaining the meaning of amthāl and to review the best approaches for translating corpus with elements of culture and metaphors. The corpus of this research consists of selected hadiths by The Prophet (PBUH). In this research, the background events of the amthāl are reconstructed by referring to the context of the speech. Next, the metaphors in the corpus are taken out and the meanings are analyzed through analysis of context and meaning. Based on this analysis of context and meaning, suitable strategies for translating metaphorical elements in the research corpus are determined. Findings from the study show that The Prophet (PBUH) incorporated Arabic metaphors and cultural elements in his speech. Elements such as folklore and features of Arabic sociolinguistics were used effectively to deliver meaning. Thus, specific approaches to retain the essence and hidden elements in hadiths are required for translating amthāl by The Prophet.
Collecting Azurite Blue and Malachite Green as Curios and Medicines in Late Imperial China
Authors: Ngan Quincy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
For over a millennium, stone collecting and connoisseurship were major pastimes among Chinese scholars. While existing scholarship has shed light on historical rocks, collectors, and related treatises, few studies have focused on azurite and its connatural counterpart, malachite—two of the most luxurious and versatile minerals in traditional China. Composed of crystalline and matte granules of copper carbonate, and mottled with the colours of clear sky and verdant foliage, azurite and malachite are precious minerals that have rivalled the unique status of jade in their odd shapes and colours in the eyes of scholars and connoisseurs throughout the ages. This paper traces how the collecting of azurite and malachite rocks and their uses as materials for scholarly collectibles—such as paperweights, brush washers, and shi shan zi (decorative rocks shaped like mountains)—evolved in late imperial China.
Understanding Key Roles of Two ENSO Modes in Spatiotemporal Diversity of ENSO
Authors: Wang Run , Ren Hong-Li 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEl Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events exhibit a diversity of amplitudes, spatial patterns, and life cycles, with the main ENSO periods concentrated in the 3–7-yr [low-frequency (LF)] and 2–3-yr [quasi-biennial (QB)] bands. In this study, the spatiotemporal diversity of ENSO is quantitatively examined by extracting the two ENSO modes, namely, the LF and QB components of ENSO, from the traditional Niño-3.4 index and connecting them with the spatial types of ENSO. El Niño events can be regrouped as the QB-dominated central-Pacific ENSO-like (QB-CP), LF-dominated eastern-Pacific ENSO-like (LF-EP), and LF-dominated mixing (LF-mixing) types. La Niña events with vague spatial patterns can also have the same categorization. The QB-CP and LF-EP El Niño types both have a high-amplitude QB component. Meanwhile, the former is less affected by its powerless LF component, but the latter is controlled by its strong LF component. Ocean dynamics of the two El Niño types are distinct from each other. The thermocline feedback dominates the growth of the two El Niño types and contributes to the phase transition of the LF-EP type, while the zonal advective feedback is of increasing importance in the QB-CP El Niño and mainly contributes to the phase transitions of the two El Niño types. Additionally, the LF-mixing type with ambiguous spatial features and complex life cycles is distinguished from the other two types. These results indicate that the two ENSO modes coexist in the tropical Pacific air–sea system, and their combination with changing amplitude is the key to explaining the spatiotemporal diversity of ENSO.
A Marginal Adjustment Rank Histogram Filter for Non-Gaussian Ensemble Data Assimilation
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn extension to standard ensemble Kalman filter algorithms that can improve performance for non-Gaussian prior distributions, non-Gaussian likelihoods, and bounded state variables is described. The algorithm exploits the capability of the rank histogram filter (RHF) to represent arbitrary prior distributions for observed variables. The rank histogram algorithm can be applied directly to state variables to produce posterior marginal ensembles without the need for regression that is part of standard ensemble filters. These marginals are used to adjust the marginals obtained from a standard ensemble filter that uses regression to update state variables. The final posterior ensemble is obtained by doing an ordered replacement of the posterior marginal ensemble values from a standard ensemble filter with the values obtained from the rank histogram method applied directly to state variables; the algorithm is referred to as the marginal adjustment rank histogram filter (MARHF). Applications to idealized bivariate problems and low-order dynamical systems show that the MARHF can produce better results than standard ensemble methods for priors that are non-Gaussian. Like the original RHF, the MARHF can also make use of arbitrary non-Gaussian observation likelihoods. The MARHF also has advantages for problems with bounded state variables, for instance, the concentration of an atmospheric tracer. Bounds can be automatically respected in the posterior ensembles. With an efficient implementation of the MARHF, the additional cost has better scaling than the standard RHF.
Moving world, moving voices: A discussion with Daljit Nagra
Authors: Green Andrew 
Published: May 2020

This interview explores a range of both emergent and persistent areas of interest in the work of Daljit Nagra. Nagra’s two latest books — Ramayana (2013) and British Museum (2017) — represent explorations of his interests in both “rootedness” — what it means to be connected or grounded in a cultural environment — and “route-edness” — what it means for cultures to travel and the impact of cultural journeying (Clifford, 1997). In both books he considers how cultures — both as individual and intertwined entities — in complex ways solidify and mutate; how they remain static and move. In this interview he explores his own shifting, layered, and sometimes uncomfortable relationship with diverse cultures, considering the extent to which and the means by which cultures “translate”. Underlining the inevitable clashes and dislocation such processes necessitate, via pluralism he identifies an essential desire for the meaningful connection of diverse cultures. Like the British Museum of the title of his most recent work, he sees the importance of his poetry as a project in human connectivity, asserting creative achievement, resilience, and value. In exploring these ideas, Nagra discusses the ways in which his work connects both to Indian culture in transition and translation and to canonical English Literature. This interview was conducted in Uxbridge, West London on 6 December 2018.
Efficacy Study of Folic Acid Supplementation on Homocysteine Levels in Adolescent Epileptics Taking Antiepileptic Drugs: A Single Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Bhosale Uma A. , Yegnanarayan Radha , Agrawal Akhil , Patil Ashwini 
Published: May 2020

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic medical condition that requires long-term therapy with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). However, long-term employment of AEDs may lead to the onset of hyperhomocysteinemia, which has been found to modulate imperative metabolic mechanisms and induce cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). Therefore, adolescent population that have been diagnosed with epilepsy and utilize AEDs are among the most vulnerable, exhibiting higher risks of developing CVDs. Purpose: The present study was designed to explore the effects of folic acid (FA) supplementation on AED-induced hyperhomocysteinemia and CVD risk factors in adolescent epileptics. Methods: The randomized clinical trial included adolescent epileptics (i.e., 10–19 years of age) of either sex, on antiepileptic therapy for > 6 months with high homocysteine levels (i.e., >10.9 µmol/L). At the time of enrolment, their baseline BP, lipid and homocysteine levels were recorded. Participants were randomly assigned to either treatment or placebo groups and received the respective treatments. At the end of the first month, BP, lipid and homocysteine levels were recorded and compared to determine the effect of FA on these parameters. Results and conclusion: A significant fall in homocysteine levels was observed with FA supplementation ( P < 0.05). However, this fall was significantly high in valproic acid treated epileptic patients. In addition, we observed an improvement in high-density lipoprotein levels, a risk factor for CVDs, but the change was statistically insignificant ( P > 0.05). The study results suggest that FA supplementation in epileptic patients receiving AED therapy may minimize AED-induced hyperhomocysteinemia and other CVD risk factors.
Infection control measures in ophthalmology during the COVID-19 outbreak: A narrative review from an early experience in Italy
Authors: Veritti Daniele , Sarao Valentina , Bandello Francesco , Lanzetta Paolo 
Published: May 2020

Introduction The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is infecting people and spreading easily from person-to-person. Cases have been detected in most countries worldwide. Italy is one of the most affected countries as of 30 March 2020. Public health response includes a rapid reorganization of the Italian National Healthcare System in order to reduce transmission of COVID-19 within hospitals and healthcare facilities, while optimizing the assistance to patients with severe COVID-19 complications. Methods We analysed the actions that were taken in three ophthalmology centres in northern Italy during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and how these measures affected patient’s attendance. In addition, due to the rapidly evolving scenario, we reviewed the evidence available during the course of this pandemic. Results A full reorganization of ophthalmology services is mandatory according to current existing infection containment measures in order to continue dispensing urgent procedures without endangering the community with amplification of the diffusion chain. Ophthalmologists are considered at elevated risk of exposure when caring patients and vice versa, due to their close proximity during eye examination. High volumes of procedures typically generated by ophthalmologists with concurrent implications on the risk of infection are considered when re-assessing healthcare facilities reorganization. Conclusion Containment measures in the event of pandemic due to infective agents should be well known by healthcare professionals and promptly applied in order to mitigate the risk of nosocomial transmission and outbreak.
Mammographic Breast Density Profile of Jordanian Women With Normal and Breast Cancer Findings
Authors: Al-Mousa Dana S , Alakhras Maram , Spuur Kelly M , Alewaidat Haytham , Rawashdeh Mohammad , Abdelrahman Mostafa , Brennan Patrick C 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To document the mammographic breast density (MBD) distribution of Jordanian women and the relationship with MBD with age. Correlation between breast cancer diagnosis and density was also explored. Methods: A retrospective review of 660 screening mammograms from King Abdullah University Hospital was conducted. Mammograms were classified into 2 groups: normal (return to routine screening) and breast cancer and rated using the American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 5th edition for MBD. The association between MBD and age was assessed by descriptive analyses and Kruskal-Wallis test. To compare between normal and breast cancer groups, chi-square post hoc tests with Bonferroni adjustment was used. Results: Groups consisted of 73.9% (n = 488) normal group and 26.1% (n = 172) breast cancer group. A significant inverse relationship was demonstrated between age and MBD among the normal ( r = −.319, P < .01) and breast cancer group ( r = −.569, P < .01). In total, 69% (n = 336) of women in the normal group and 71% (n = 122) in the breast cancer group and 79.1% (n = 159) of the normal group and 100% (n = 48) of the breast cancer group aged 40 to 49 years reported high MBD (ACR BI-RADS c or d). Conclusions: Most of women in both the normal and breast cancer groups evidenced increased MBD. Increased MBD was inversely proportional to age. As MBD has a known link to increased breast cancer risk and the decreased sensitivity of mammography and it is vital that future screening guidelines for Jordanian women consider the unique breast density distribution of this population.
The relationship between breast size and aspects of health and psychological wellbeing in mature-aged women
Authors: Spencer Linda , Fary Robyn , McKenna Leanda , Jacques Angela , Lalor Jennifer , Briffa Kathy 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Increases in breast size with age are common but have not been widely examined as a factor that could affect the health and psychological wellbeing of mature-aged women. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between breast size and aspects of health and psychological wellbeing in mature-aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of mature-aged women (⩾40 years). Breast size (breast size score) was determined from self-reported bra size and was examined against health-related quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 and BREAST-Q), body satisfaction (numerical rating scale), breast satisfaction (BREAST-Q), physical activity levels (Human Activity Profile), the presence of upper back pain and breast and bra fit perceptions. Results: Two hundred sixty-nine women (40–85 years) with bra band sizes ranging from 8 to 26 and bra cup sizes from A to HH participated. The mean (standard deviation) breast size score of 7.7 (2.7) was equivalent to a bra size of 14DD. Increasing breast size was associated with significantly lower breast-related physical wellbeing ( p < 0.001, R2 = 0.043) and lower ratings of body ( p = 0.002, R2 = 0.024) and breast satisfaction ( p < 0.001, R2 = 0.065). Women with larger breasts were more likely to be embarrassed by their breasts (odds ratio: 1.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.31 to 1.70); more likely to desire a change in their breasts (odds ratio: 1.55, 95% confidence interval: 1.37 to 1.75) and less likely to be satisfied with their bra fit (odds ratio: 0.84, 95% confidence interval: 0.76 to 0.92). Breast size in addition to age contributed to explaining upper back pain. For each one-size increase in breast size score, women were 13% more likely to report the presence of upper back pain. Conclusion: Larger breast sizes have a small but significant negative relationship with breast-related physical wellbeing, body and breast satisfaction. Larger breasts are associated with a greater likelihood of upper back pain. Clinicians considering ways to improve the health and psychological wellbeing of mature-aged women should be aware of these relationships.