bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p63+Krt5+ basal cells are increased in the squamous metaplastic epithelium of patients with radiation-induced chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Huang Hongming , Tan Kai Sen , Zhou Suizi , Yuan Tian , Liu Jing , Ong Hsiao Hui , Chen Qianmin , Gao Junxiao , Xu Minghong , Zhu Zhenchao , Qiu Qianhui , Wang De Yun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Squamous metaplasia (SM) is an irreversible form of airway epithelial remodeling. Hyperproliferation of basal cells was observed in squamous metaplastic epithelium of chronically inflamed airway. However, the association of such aberrant proliferation of basal cells with SM in the nasal epithelium after radiation damage remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate SM and accompanying levels of p63+Krt5+ (basal cell markers) cells in the nasal epithelium of patients with radiation-induced chronic rhinosinusitis (CRSr) and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) compared to healthy controls.

Methods
We assessed the prevalence of SM and the expression of p63+, Krt5+, p63+Krt5+, and Ki67+ cells through immunofluorescence(IF) staining of the inferior turbinate (IT) tissues from patients with CRSr (n = 36), CRSsNP (n = 33) and controls (n = 28).

Results
The prevalence of SM and the number of p63+Krt5+ cells were both significantly increased in patients with CRSr compared to patients with CRSsNP and controls. The number of Ki67+ cells were both significantly increased in patients with CRSr and CRSsNP compared to controls, but the ratio of Ki67+ cells to p63+Krt5+ cells was significantly lower in patients with CRSr compared to patients with CRSsNP. In patients with CRSr, an increased number of p63+Krt5+ basal cells was observed in SM epithelium compared to non-SM epithelium.

Conclusion
SM is increased in the nasal epithelium of patients with CRSr, in which aberrant levels of p63+Krt5+ basal cells serves as an important pathologic feature in the squamous metaplastic epithelium.
The use of both internal thoracic arteries for coronary revascularization increases the estimate of post-operative lower limb ischemia in patients with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Micali Linda Renata , Bonacchi Massimo , Weigel Daniel , Howe Rosie , Parise Orlando , Parise Gianmarco , Gelsomino Sandro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients with a history of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) exhibit higher rates of complications. There are conflicting data on the survival benefits for bilateral thoracic artery (BITA) grafting compared with left internal thoracic artery (LITA) CABG in patients with PAD. The aim of the study was to explore the influence of the use of BITA grafts vs. LITA for CABG on post-operative acute lower limb ischemia (ALLI) and main post-operative complications in patients with concomitant PAD.

Methods
We used a propensity-score (PS) based analysis to compare outcomes between the two surgical procedures, BITA and LITA. The inverse probability of treatment weighting PS technique was applied to adjust for pre- and intra-operative confounders, and to get optimal balancing of the pre-operative data. The primary outcome was the estimate of postoperative ALLI. Secondary outcomes included overall death and death of cardiac causes within 30 days of surgery, stroke and acute kidney disease (AKD).

Results
The study population consisted of 1961 patients. The LITA procedure was performed in 1768 patients whereas 193 patients underwent a BITA technique. The estimate of ALLI was 14% higher in the BITA compared to the LITA (p < 0.001) group. Thirty-day mortality, cardiac death, occurrence of stroke and AKI did not differ significantly between the groups.

Conclusions
The use of both ITAs led to a significant increase in ALLI. This result was most likely caused by the complete disruption of the ITA collateral providing additional blood supply to the lower extremities. Based on our data, BITA should be used with extreme caution in PAD patients. Further research on this topic is necessary to confirm our findings.
Extended thymectomy with blood vessel resection and reconstruction improves therapeutic outcome for clinical stage III thymic carcinoma patients: a real-world research
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Guige , Guo Chao , Chen Yeye , Huang Cheng , Li Shanqing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
We examine the therapeutic efficacy of extended thymectomy with blood vessel resection and reconstruction in thymic carcinoma patients with great vessel invasion.

Methods
In total 26 patients diagnosed as clinical stage III thymic carcinoma with severe great vessel invasion were enrolled in this retrospective study. Among these patients, 14 cases received adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy (non-operation subgroup, NOG), the other 12 patients received extended thymectomy with vessel resection and reconstruction followed by the adjuvant treatment (operation subgroup, OG).

Results
All surgical procedures went smoothly with no perioperative death. R0 resection was obtained in all surgical cases, and we also observed a lymph node metastasis rate of 38.8%. The overall survival (OS) was 34 months for the whole cohort, 48 and 26 months for the OG and NOG respectively (p = 0.013). The median disease metastasis free survival (DMFS) was 47 months for the OG and 18 months for the NOG (p = 0.019).

Conclusion
Extended thymectomy with vessel resection is feasible for patients with clinical stage III thymic carcinoma. Surgery significantly improves the overall survival and the prognosis of clinical stage III thymic carcinoma.
The anti-obesity effect of lotus leaves on high-fat-diet-induced obesity by modulating lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Wu Ya , Tan Fang , Zhang Tianyu , Xie Binglin , Ran Lixian , Zhao Xin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLotus leaves (Nelumbo nucifera) are widely used in medicines and foods. The investigate systematically studied the anti-obesity effect of lotus leaf extracts. It could reduce body weight, alleviate liver damage, and inhibit fat accumulation in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Lotus leaf extracts reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) levels; decreased total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the serum; and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels to improve dyslipidemia. Lotus leaves also inhibited inflammation accompanied by obesity via decreasing inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-6 levels and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and IL-10 levels. qPCR analysis revealed that lotus leaves upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), and cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1) mRNA expressions and downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α) mRNA expressions, to reduce adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation, promote oxidation of fat and decomposition of triglyceride and cholesterol. So, lotus leaves effectively regulated lipid metabolism, alleviated inflammation and liver injury in obese mice; thus, lotus leaves could be further developed as a food to combat obesity.
Colon cancer metastasis mimicking a hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ofuchi Takashi , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Yamao Takanobu , Higashi Takaaki , Takematsu Toru , Nakao Yosuke , Yamamura Kensuke , Imai Katsunori , Yamashita Yo-ichi , Baba Hideo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
An accurate diagnosis of the primary cancer or metastatic tumor is quite important because misdiagnosis may lead to the selection of incorrect adjuvant therapy and worse long-term outcomes after surgery. Here, we present a rare case with an unusual metastatic pattern mimicking a hilar cholangiocarcinoma originated from colon cancer

Case presentation
A 69-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of an upper bile duct stenosis. He had the past history of the sigmoidectomy for the primary colon cancer and the partial hepatectomy with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for synchronous liver metastases 4 years ago. After 2 years from the initial operation, he had experienced the local recurrence of post-RFA lesion and had undergone a partial hepatectomy. According to the radiological findings of the bile duct stenosis, we diagnosed a hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Bismuth type II), and then he underwent the extended right hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection. Histological findings including the immune-histochemical examinations (CK7−, CK20+, CDX2+ and SATB2+) uncovered the metastatic tumor into extrahepatic bile duct originated from the primary colon cancer.

Conclusion
We experienced an extremely rare case with a colon cancer metastasis mimicking a hilar cholangiocarcinoma. In this case with a past history of colon cancer, an immunohistochemical staining led us to distinguish the primary hilar cholangiocarcinoma and the mimicking tumor.
Efficacy assessment of various natural and organic antimicrobials against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Amin Dina H. , Abolmaaty Assem 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundFoodborne illness is a public health alarm with a deleterious effect on human health and the economy all over the world. Searching for possible solutions to beat foodborne pathogens is still a demanding concern. The scope of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of some natural and organic compounds against important pathogens includingEscherichia coliO157:H7 C9490,Listeria monocytogenesLm2 Scott A 4b, andSalmonella enteritidis8-9-99.ResultsThe bactericidal effect of eight compounds and their concentrations were evaluated by the tube dilution assay against the tested bacterial strains. Thymol was found to be superior to all tested compounds. Antimicrobial activities found to be highly influenced by varying pH values. Low pH 4.5 found to report higher inhibition when compared with pH 7.1. For instance, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) occurred at pH 7.1 with 25 ppm of thymol againstEscherichia coliO157:H7 andSalmonella enteritidis, while 200 ppm againstListeria monocytogenes. However, MIC occurred at pH 4.5 with 25 ppm of thymol against all tested bacterial strains.ConclusionsThymol is the most active antimicrobial recorded in our study at low concentrations. Our results indicated thymol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, salicylic acid, 3-t-butyl-4-Hydroxyanisole, and acetylsalicylic acid have promising potential applications in controlling tested foodborne pathogens.
Fine structure of the intercalated disc and cardiac junctions in the black widow spider Latrodectus mactans
Authors: Sun Yan , Lee Seung-Min , Ku Bon-Jin , Moon Myung-Jin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArthropods have an open circulatory system with a simple tubular heart, so it has been estimated that the contractile pumping structure of the cardiac muscle will be less efficient than that of vertebrates. Nevertheless, certain arthropods are known to have far superior properties and characteristics than vertebrates, so we investigated the fine structural features of intercalated discs and cardiac junctions of cardiac muscle cells in the black widow spider Latrodectus mactans. Characteristically, the spider cardiac muscle has typical striated features and represents a functional syncytium that supports multiple connections to adjacent cells by intercalated discs. Histologically, the boundary lamina of each sarcolemma connects to the basement membrane to form an elastic sheath, and the extracellular matrix allows the cells to be anchored to other tissues. Since the intercalated disc is also part of sarcolemma, it contains gap junctions for depolarization and desmosomes that keep the fibers together during cardiac muscle contraction. Furthermore, fascia adherens and macula adherens (desmosomes) were also identified as cell junctions in both sarcolemma and intercalated discs. To enable the coordinated heartbeat of the cardiac muscle, the muscle fibers have neuronal innervations by multiple axons from the motor ganglion.
Comparison of failure loads and compressive stress in Press on metal and Press on Y-TZP copings
Authors: Vohra Fahim , Bin Shuwaish Mohammed , Al Deeb Modhi , Alhamdan Rana , Alotaibi Naif , Abduljabbar Tariq 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the failure loads and compressive stresses among bilayered press on Y-TZP (POZ) and press on metal (POM) crowns with different core-veneer thickness.
Methods: Thirty metal and Y-TZP copings were fabricated using CAD-CAM technology with specified thickness. All copings were veneered with ceramic materials using hot pressing technique, with 2mm and 2.5mm thickness. The different coping veneer thickness of crowns resulted in six study groups, including, POM: Coping/ veneer thickness of 0.7/2mm (Gp1), 0.7/2.5mm (Gp 2) and 1mm/2mm (Gp 3)- POZ: 0.7/2mm (Gp A), 0.7/2.5mm (Gp B) and 1mm/2mm (Gp C). Crowns were cemented to a standard implant analog and failure loads (FL) and compressive stress (CS) was ascertained by controlled load application in a universal testing machine. Data was analysed using ANOVA and multiple comparisons test.
Results: The maximum FL were observed in the POM specimens with a C/V ratio of 1/2 (Group 3-1880.67± 256.78 N), however the lowest FL were exhibited by POZ crowns with 1/2 C/V ratio (Group C-611.89± 72.79 N). Mean FL and CS were significantly higher in POM compared to POZ crowns in respective groups. Increasing the coping-veneer thickness increased FL and CS among POM crowns. Increasing veneer and decreasing coping thickness improved FL and CS among POZ crowns.
Conclusions: Press on metal specimen showed higher resistance to fracture than Press on Y-TZP specimens. Improved failure loads were observed in thin coping and thick veneers among Press on Y-TZP crowns.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2472
How to cite this:Vohra F, Shuwaish MB, Al-Deeb M, Alhamdan R, Alotaibi N, Abduljabbar T. Comparison of failure loads and compressive stress in Press on metal and Press on Y-TZP copings. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1645-1650. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2472
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Hepatitis-C Infection: Are we really committed to eliminate? Could it become the second Polio for Pakistan?
Authors: Kamani Lubna , Sultan Baseer Ahmad , Kalwar Hamid Ali 
Published: September 2020

Pakistan’s hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden is one of the highest in the world. Around eight million people live with HCV in Pakistan according to a National Hepatitis Survey. Most HCV-infected people are unaware of their infection status culminating in delayed diagnosis and treatment, progressing to end stage liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), thereby raising the disease load for a developing country with limited resources. Blood transfusions and injections with reused syringes lead to increased HCV rates in Pakistan. According to a survey viral infections like hepatitis C, hepatitis B and HIV were not screened in more than half of the blood transfusions done in Pakistan. Hepatitis C elimination requires financial support from the local government and private organizations, commitment from civil societies across the world and a dedicated political will. Without defining effective planning and strategy it is our fear that it could become the second Polio for Pakistan.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2804
How to cite this:Kamani L, Ahmad BS, Kalwar HA. Hepatitis-C Infection: Are we really committed to eliminate? Could it become the second Polio for Pakistan? Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1742-1744. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2804
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Job satisfaction of nurses working in public hospitals: perceptions of nurse unit managers in South Africa
Authors: Morton David , Topper Kegan , Bowers Candice , Jardien-Baboo Sihaam , Nyangeni Thando , Mabitja Moeta 
Published: September 2020

Background: Job satisfaction among nurses often determines whether they choose to remain in the profession or in the facility where they work. Aim: The study sought to explore and describe the job satisfaction of registered nurses in South Africa through the lens of their nurse unit managers. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design was undertaken. Fourteen unit managers were interviewed and Tesch's method of data analysis was used. Findings: Four themes emerged: ‘staff shortages lead to nurses feeling overwhelmed and frustrated’, ‘nurses’ work performance is undermined by limited resources and poor infrastructure', ‘discontent among nurses with regard to poor top level and human resource management’ and ‘despite challenges, nurses experience rare moments of job satisfaction’. Conclusion: Unit managers need to find ways to enhance existing elements of job satisfaction by emphasising the nurse–patient relationship and teamwork among their staff in order to improve the overall job satisfaction of staff.
Pulsed electromagnetic fields improve the healing process of Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Perucca Orfei Carlotta , Lovati Arianna Barbara , Lugano Gaia , Viganò Marco , Bottagisio Marta , D’Arrigo Daniele , Sansone Valerio , Setti Stefania , de Girolamo Laura 
Published: September 2020

Aims In the context of tendon degenerative disorders, the need for innovative conservative treatments that can improve the intrinsic healing potential of tendon tissue is progressively increasing. In this study, the role of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) in improving the tendon healing process was evaluated in a rat model of collagenase-induced Achilles tendinopathy. Methods A total of 68 Sprague Dawley rats received a single injection of type I collagenase in Achilles tendons to induce the tendinopathy and then were daily exposed to PEMFs (1.5 mT and 75 Hz) for up to 14 days - starting 1, 7, or 15 days after the injection - to identify the best treatment option with respect to the phase of the disease. Then, 7 and 14 days of PEMF exposure were compared to identify the most effective protocol. Results The daily exposure to PEMFs generally provided an improvement in the fibre organization, a decrease in cell density, vascularity, and fat deposition, and a restoration of the physiological cell morphology compared to untreated tendons. These improvements were more evident when the tendons were exposed to PEMFs during the mid-acute phase of the pathology (7 days after induction) rather than during the early (1 day after induction) or the late acute phase (15 days after induction). Moreover, the exposure to PEMFs for 14 days during the mid-acute phase was more effective than for 7 days. Conclusion PEMFs exerted a positive role in the tendon healing process, thus representing a promising conservative treatment for tendinopathy, although further investigations regarding the clinical evaluation are needed. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(9):613–622.
Being in the Right Place at the Right Time: Educational Placement of Students With Intellectual Disability by State and Year
Authors: Anderson Eric J. , Brock Matthew E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Despite the longstanding federal mandate to place students with disabilities in general education classrooms to the maximum extent appropriate, most students with intellectual disability continue to spend most of their time in separate classrooms and schools. In this study, we describe longitudinal educational placement patterns in six states that represent the wide span of educational placement (i.e., Vermont, Kentucky, Kansas, Massachusetts, Illinois, and Montana). Surprisingly, some states are trending toward more restrictive placements, and the gap between the most and least inclusive states is continuing to widen over time. We offer constructive suggestions for appropriately applying the principle of least restrictive environment so that placement decisions are driven by student needs and not where students live.
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF QUESTION STUDENT HAVE (QSH) PADA MATA PELAJARAN FIQH DI MTS NEGERI 9 BANTUL
Authors: Ida Zusnani  , Ali Murfi  
Published: September 2020

Learning that does not pay attention to individual differences in children and is based on the wishes of the teacher, will be challenging to be able to lead students towards the achievement of learning goals. One application rather than active learning is the Question Students Have strategy (questions from students). This study aims to find out and understand the forms, steps, strengths, and weaknesses of the Question Student Have (QSH) learning strategy, as well as how the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) is modeled in Fiqh subjects in MTs Negeri 9 Bantul. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The results showed that the form of the Question Student Have strategy teachers stimulated students to learn firsthand the learning material materials that would be delivered within a specific time. After that, students are invited to submit questions from material that they do not understand nor understand. Steps to make the Question Student Have strategy more effective then allocate time for each session after that if the class is too large so that there is not enough time to distribute the paper to all students, divide the class into groups and follow the instructions as above. This Question Student Have a strategy that can attract and focus the student's attention even though the classroom situation was complicated before or students had a joking habit during the lesson. However, not all students were comfortable with making questions because the level of students' abilities in the class was different. In the future, a teacher must continue to look for and formulate strategies that can embrace all differences held by students.
Keywords: Active Learning Strategies, Question Student Have (QSH), Fiqh Subjects, MTs Negeri 9 Bantul.
La technologie dans les campagnes électorales
Authors: Ehrhard Thomas , Bambade Antoine 
Published: September 2020

Les données sont centrales pour les élections 2.0 : elles permettraient les victoires électorales et bénéficient d’une très forte médiatisation. Cela est particulièrement valable pour la technique de micro-ciblage géographique des électeurs potentiels : le micro-ciblage électoral. Cette technique correspond à la caractéristique essentielle du tournant technologique des campagnes électorales mêlant professionnalisation des acteurs, croyance dans les big data et les algorithmes. Pourtant, le micro-ciblage électoral reste un objet encore largement méconnu et mal connu. À partir d’une revue de littérature critique, nous montrons que les dimensions techniques de la technologie politique sont fortement minorées dans les recherches de science politique relatives aux campagnes électorales qui se révèlent très hétérogènes et comportent des manques importants. Ceux-ci empêchent d’approfondir la connaissance du micro-ciblage, en particulier sur ses conséquences électorales. Nous identifions quatre enjeux pour appréhender les enjeux des innovations technologiques dans les campagnes électorales et, plus largement, la technologie politique.