bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological roles of Yin Yang 2: Its implications in physiological and pathological events
Authors: Li Lang , Li Yanjun , Timothy Sembiring Meliala Ian , Kasim Vivi , Wu Shourong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractYin yang 2 (YY2) is a multifunctional zinc finger protein that belongs to the yin yang (YY) family. YY2 has dual function in regulating gene expression, as it could act either as a transcriptional activator or as a repressor of its target genes. YY2 could regulate genes that have been previously identified as targets of yin yang 1 (YY1), another member of the YY family, by binding to their common binding sequences. However, recent studies revealed that YY2 also has its own specific binding sequences, leading to its particular biological functions distinct from those of YY1. Furthermore, they have different levels or even opposite regulatory effects on common target genes, suggesting the importance of balanced YY1 and YY2 regulations in maintaining proper cellular homeostasis and biological functions. Recent studies revealed that YY2 plays crucial roles in maintaining stemness and regulating differentiation potential of embryonic stem cells, as well as in the development of the brain, nervous and cardiovascular systems. YY2 expression is also closely related to diseases, as it could act as a tumour suppressor gene that regulates tumour cell proliferation and metastasis. Moreover, YY2 is also involved in immune regulation and immune surveillance. Herein, we summarize recent perspectives regarding the regulatory functions of YY2, as well as its biological functions and relation with diseases.
Growth arrest‐specific 6 modulates adiponectin expression and insulin resistance in adipose tissue
Authors: Su Sheng‐Chiang , Chiang Chi‐Fu , Hsieh Chang‐Hsun , Lu Giieh‐Hua , Liu Jhih‐Syuan , Shieh Yi‐Shing , Hung Yi‐Jen , Lee Chien‐Hsing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionObesity is characterized by disturbed adipocytokine expression and insulin resistance in adipocytes. Growth arrest‐specific 6 (GAS6) is a gene encoding the Gas6 protein, which is expressed in fibroblasts, and its related signaling might be associated with adipose tissue inflammation, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations among Gas6, adipocytokines and insulin resistance in adipocytes.Materials and MethodsMature Simpson Golabi Behmel Syndrome adipocytes were treated with high levels of insulin to mimic insulin resistance, and were examined for the expressions of Gas6, cytokines and adipocytokines from preadipocytes in differentiation. In an animal study, high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice were used to verify the Gas6 expression in vitro.ResultsDuring the differentiation of adipocytes, the expression of Gas6 gradually decreased, and was obviously downregulated with adipocyte inflammation and insulin resistance. Gas6 levels were found to be in proportion to the expression of adiponectin, which has been regarded as closely relevant to improved insulin sensitivity after metformin treatment. Similar results were also confirmed in the animal study.ConclusionsOur results suggest that Gas6 might modulate the expression of adiponectin, and might therefore be associated with insulin resistance in adipose tissues.
Optical properties of bisacryl‐, composite‐, ceramic‐ resin restorative materials: An aging simulation study
Authors: Sulaiman Taiseer A. , Suliman Abdulhaq A. , Mohamed Esraa A. , Rodgers Brandon , Altak Ali , Johnston William M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveCompare optical properties of a bisacryl‐, composite‐, and ceramic‐resin restorative materials pre and post artificial aging.MethodsBisacryl‐resin (LuxaCrown [LC], DMG), resin‐composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra, [Filtek SU] 3M ESPE), and ceramic‐resin (Enamic, VITA Zahnfabrik) specimens were prepared. The L*, C*ab, and hab values were measured pre and post artificial aging to determine color stability (CIEDE2000) and changes in contrast ratio (CR), transmittance block, and relative translucency parameter. The datasets were analyzed using 2‐way ANOVA followed by pairwise comparisons.ResultsColor difference data showed a significant interaction between materials and treatments [F(6:60) = 375.04, P < .0001] with Enamic being most color stable material and coffee having most effect on color stability. CR data showed a significant interaction between materials and treatments [F(6:60) = 4.12, P = .0016]. LC showing most change in CR values with coffee treatment. Change in transmittance blocked by Filtek SU and LC was greater for coffee treatment than that by each of the other treatments (P < .0001). Filtek SU and LC, coffee produced a greater decrease in relative translucency than that each of the other treatments (P < .0001).ConclusionsResin‐based materials demonstrate optical properties that encourage their use for direct/indirect restorative options. Color stability and translucency of these materials are proportionally related.Clinical significanceUnderstanding the optical properties of resin‐based materials provides help in material selection and provides insight into clinical performance and esthetic longevity. The optical stability of certain bisacryl‐resin is better than what was previously determined for these restorative materials.
Nutritional and functional properties of spent coffee ground‐cheese whey powder
Authors: Osorio‐Arias Juan , Contreras‐Calderón José , Martínez‐Monteagudo Sergio I. , Vega‐Castro Oscar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel food ingredient with desirable nutritional properties was developed from two by‐product streams, cheese whey (CW) and spent coffee ground (SCG). The CW was concentrated up to 39% total solids and combined with different quantities of SCG (4, 10, and 16%, w/w). The mixtures were spray‐dried on a pilot scale unit and analyzed using a battery of tests including concentration of chlorogenic acids (CGAs), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furfural, and available lysine. The seven major species of CGAs were detected in all samples, ranging from 210 to 810 μg/g of dry matter. Interestingly, the values of HMF and furfural were 0.13–0.65 and 0.08–0.44 mg/100 g protein, respectively, whereas the values of available lysine were 2.23–4.07 g/100 g protein. The developed ingredient showed high content of available lysine as well as high concentration of CGAs. The outcomes derived from this investigation can be used for fortification of food formulations.Practical applicationA new ingredient was obtained from CW and SCG with desirable nutritional composition (high polyphenol content, CGAs, and available lysine). The combination of two abundant by‐products to obtain a food ingredient represents opportunities for the utilization of industrial by‐products. The newly developed ingredient may be used in the formulation of confectionary, dairy, beverages, and desserts.
Performance of combined technologies for the inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli in pomegranate juice: The effects of a continuous‐flow UV‐Microwave system
Authors: Gómez‐Sánchez Diana Laura , Antonio‐Gutiérrez Oscar , López‐Díaz Andrea Selene , Palou Enrique , López‐Malo Aurelio , Ramírez‐Corona Nelly 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuring the past decade, the application of new technologies such as high pressure, ultrasound, pulsed electric fields, short‐wave ultraviolet C (UVC) light, and microwave (MW) has been thoroughly investigated for food processing. Combinations of UVC light with different technologies have been previously investigated, with promising results when combined with mild thermal treatments. The objective of this work was to study the inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli inoculated in pomegranate juice within a unit of UVC‐coiled (254 nm) equipment and the continuous‐flow MW (876 W energy output). Individual and combined treatments were evaluated at two flow rates through the tested systems. The combined technologies notably improved the inactivation of the target microorganisms. Our findings indicated a synergistic effect between the systems, respectively yielding 6.1 and 5.5 log‐cycle reductions in the yeast and bacteria for the UVC–MW treatment with a flow rate of 400 ml/min. When increasing the flow rate, different results were observed, depending on the temperature pattern. A dynamic model was obtained for MW temperature profiles and residence time distributions for the studied systems to better explain the obtained results.Practical applicationsNowadays, alternative food‐processing technologies are under research to obtain safe, fresh‐tasting, and nutritive foods using mild temperatures or no heat. This work aimed to evaluate a configuration wherein a unit of UVC‐coiled equipment was coupled with a continuous‐flow MW system. Processing times for treating juices can be significantly reduced by combining a UVC coiled equipment with a continuous flow microwave system, because of the enhanced effect of UVC at mild temperatures and the faster heating due to the MW. Its potential implementation will allow the food industry to offer minimally processed products with clean labels and at an affordable cost.
Viral infection and smell loss: The case of COVID‐19
Authors: Glezer Isaias , Bruni‐Cardoso Alexandre , Schechtman Deborah , Malnic Bettina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOlfactory disorders have been increasingly reported in individuals infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, the virus causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Losing the sense of smell has a strong impact on the quality of life, since it may lead to malnutrition, weight loss, food poisoning, depression, and exposure to dangerous chemicals. Individuals who suffer from anosmia (inability to smell) also cannot sense the flavor of food, which is a combination of taste and smell. Interestingly, infected individuals have reported sudden loss of smell with no congested nose, as is frequently observed in common colds or other upper respiratory tract infections. These observations suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection leads to olfactory loss through a distinct mechanism, which is still unclear. This article provides an overview of olfactory loss and the recent findings relating to COVID‐19. Possible mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced olfactory loss are also discussed.
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Serum levels of soluble PD1 in pemphigus vulgaris: A useful marker for disease severity
Authors: Zeid Ola Abu , Rashed Laila , Khalifa Shimaa , Saleh Marwah Adly , Ragab Nanis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life‐threatening autoimmune blistering disease targeting the skin and mucous membranes. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) is an immune checkpoint which binds to two ligands, PDL1 and PDL2 resulting in negative regulation of antigen receptor signaling, thus, play a critical role in the immune regulation of autoimmune diseases.AimIn this work we aimed to assess serum levels of soluble PD1 (sPD1) in patients with active PV and in patients in remission in an attempt to evaluate its effect on disease severity.MethodsIn this case‐control study, 60 pemphigus vulgaris patients (30 clinically active and 30 in a clinical remission) and 30 age matched healthy control subjects were included. Severity of PV was assessed using pemphigus disease area index (PDAI) score. Serum levels of sPD1 were measured by ELISA for both patients and healthy control.ResultsSerum levels of sPD1 were significantly lower in PV patients than in controls (P < .001) and significantly lower in patients with active disease than in those in remission (P < .001). Serum sPD1 correlated negatively with the severity of the disease (P < .001, r = −0.4).ConclusionA defect in PD1 pathway is suggested in PV patients, and this defect plays a substantial role in determining the severity of the disease. Thus, sPD1 could be considered a useful marker for disease severity and targeting PD1 pathway could be a potential aim for future therapies of PV.
Examination of androgenetic alopecia with serum biomarkers
Authors: Balık Ahmet Rıfat , Balık Zeynep Büşra , Aktaş Akın , Neşelioğlu Salim , Karabulut Ercan , Karabulut Aysun Bay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss and affects approximately 50% of the male population.AimsIn the present study, to investigate microinflammation, perifollicular fibrosis, and oxidative stress in AGA cases, some serum biomarker levels were measured and evaluated.Patients/MethodsSerum samples were drawn from patients (n = 58) and control (n = 30) groups referring to Atatürk Training and Investigation Hospital Dermatology Outpatient clinic. In serum samples, NF‐κB, TNF‐α, TGF‐β1, thioredoxin, nitric oxide, TOS, TAS, and thiol disulfide homeostasis (native thiol, total thiol, disulfide) were measured and evaluated.ResultsIn patients with AGA, NF‐κB (P = .005), TNF‐α (P = .008), TGF‐β1 (P = .028), thioredoxin (P = .004), nitric oxide (P < .001), and TOS (P < .001) serum levels were found to be significantly higher than those in control group, while TAS (P = .003), native thiol (P < .001), total thiol (P < .001), and disulfide (P < .001) serum levels were found to be significantly lower.ConclusionsAccording to the results of the present study, it was concluded that in that AGA androgens lead to oxidative stress by increasing free oxygen radicals, which accelerates hair loss by causing microinflammation and fibrosis. The recognition of the effect of androgens and associated factors on the hair follicle cycle is essential for the development of new and effective treatment methods.
Anaemia and its determinants among young children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia (2005–2016)
Authors: Heinrichs Helen , Endris Bilal Shikur , Dejene Tariku , Dinant Geert‐Jan , Spigt Mark 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnaemia in children remains a significant public health threat. Recent numbers from Ethiopia showed that more than two‐thirds of children under the age of 2 years were anaemic. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of anaemia throughout Ethiopia over 11 years, making use of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) rounds 2005, 2011 and 2016. The EDHS made it possible to use data on blood tests and detailed questionnaires among infants and young children. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to assess the association of anaemia and different immediate and underlying determinants. A total of 7,324 children aged 6–23 months were included in the analysis, with prevalences of anaemia being 71% in 2005, 61% in 2011 and 72% in 2016. The following determinants were significantly associated with childhood anaemia throughout the entire period: children younger than 1 year, anaemic mothers and those growing up in pastoralist regions. Risk factors such as diet and infections were consistently not significantly associated with anaemia. Given the tremendous adverse health effects of anaemia in young children, urgent action is needed. Hence, this study recommends nationwide multisectoral interventions targeting pastoralist regions, maternal and child health, screening and treatment of risk groups that could reduce the prevalence of anaemia.
Involvement of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa MexAB–OprM efflux pump in the secretion of the metallophore pseudopaline
Authors: Gomez Nicolas Oswaldo , Tetard Alexandre , Ouerdane Laurent , Laffont Clémentine , Brutesco Catherine , Ball Geneviève , Lobinski Ryszard , Denis Yann , Plésiat Patrick , Llanes Catherine , Arnoux Pascal , Voulhoux Romé 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo overcome the metal restriction imposed by the host’s nutritional immunity, pathogenic bacteria use high metal affinity molecules called metallophores. Metallophore‐mediated metal uptake pathways necessitate complex cycles of synthesis, secretion, and recovery of the metallophore across the bacterial envelope. We recently discovered staphylopine and pseudopaline, two members of a new family of broad‐spectrum metallophores important for bacterial survival during infections. Here, we are expending the molecular understanding of the pseudopaline transport cycle across the diderm envelope of the Gram‐negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We first explored pseudopaline secretion by performing in vivo quantifications in various genetic backgrounds and revealed the specific involvement of the MexAB–OprM efflux pump in pseudopaline transport across the outer membrane. We then addressed the recovery part of the cycle by investigating the fate of the recaptured metal‐loaded pseudopaline. To do so, we combined in vitro reconstitution experiments and in vivo phenotyping in absence of pseudopaline transporters to reveal the existence of a pseudopaline modification mechanism, possibly involved in the metal release following pseudopaline recovery. Overall, our data allowed us to provide an improved molecular model of secretion, recovery, and fate of this important metallophore by P. aeruginosa.
The underlying trend of OPEC energy intensity and the environmental implications
Authors: Tajudeen Ibrahim A. , Wossink Ada 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGiven the upward trend of OPEC energy intensity, policymakers need a good understanding of the underlying factors and the environmental impacts when considering future energy policies. An index decomposition analysis is used to decompose OPEC energy intensity covering 1971–2017. The link between the decomposed energy indices and CO2 emissions is examined using structural time series and least square dummy variable corrected models. Both models also estimate the underlying carbon emission trend (UCET) which arguably reflects the impact of non‐economic factors. For OPEC as a group, increases in energy intensity are linked to both energy inefficiency and structural shifts towards energy‐intensive activities. About 62 per cent of the increases are attributed to the former, and the remaining 38 per cent is due to the later. The country‐level results also show major contributions from both components to energy intensity. The econometric results show that shifts towards energy‐intensive activities and, notably, deteriorating energy efficiency generally go in tandem with substantial increases in CO2 emissions. The estimated UCET is upward sloping indicating carbon‐emitting behaviour, taste and lifestyle. Therefore, policies aimed at conserving energy and limiting the concentration of energy‐intensive activities in the oil‐exporting countries should be considered alongside other policies that attempt to influence behaviours and lifestyles.
Remote magnetic navigation ablation via the right jugular vein approach in patient with interruption of the inferior vena cava and incessant left atrial flutter
Authors: Romanov Alexander , Filippenko Alexey , Elesin Dmitriy , Losik Denis , Grishkov Alexander , Shabanov Vitaliy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRemote magnetic navigation (RMN) can be safely and effectively utilized in patients with difficult cardiac arrhythmias and complex anatomy. Interruption of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare congenital abnormality that results in the inability to use conventional femoral access in patients that require interventional procedures. The present case demonstrates the feasibility of left atrial flutter ablation using RMN via jugular approach in a patient with interruption of IVC.
Predictors of increase in pacing threshold after transcatheter pacing system implantation due to micro‐dislodgement
Authors: Higuchi Motoaki , Shinoda Yasutoshi , Hasegawa Tomoaki , Ishibashi Mayu , Yamada Norihiro , Chiba Yoshiro , Ohira Koji , Murata Minoru , Aonuma Kazutaka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAchieving a favorable pacing threshold with a Micra transcatheter pacing system (Micra‐TPS) is needed to reduce battery depletion. In some cases, the threshold increases shortly after the device is implanted, and a higher pacing threshold may be required. This study aims to identify the causes and predictors of the increase in pacing threshold observed shortly after Micra‐TPS implantation.MethodsThe study included 64 consecutive patients who underwent Micra‐TPS implantation between 2017 and 2020. The patients were divided into two groups depending on their pacing threshold: the increased pacing threshold (IPT) group (threshold increased by ≥0.5 V/0.24 ms within 1 month of implantation) and the stable pacing threshold (SPT) group.ResultsExcluding four patients who could not be followed up, of the 60 remaining patients, nine (15%) were in the IPT group and 51 (85%) were in the SPT group. The IPT group had significantly lower implant impedance values and higher implant thresholds than the SPT group (582 ± 59 vs 755 ± 167 Ω [P < .001] and 1.29 ± 0.87 vs 0.71 ± 0.40 V/0.24 ms [P = .014]). Implant impedance and threshold may serve as predictors of a threshold increase after implantation (area under the curve: 0.737‐0.943 and 0.586‐0.926, respectively).ConclusionsAn IPT was noted shortly after Micra‐TPS implantation owing to micro‐dislodgement because of insufficient anchoring of the device to the myocardium. Impedance >660 Ω and threshold <1.0 V/0.24 ms may predict an increase in pacing threshold.
Test‐Retest Reliability of Pain Measures in Institutionalized Older Adults: Number of Painful Body Sites, Pain Intensity, and Pain Extent
Authors: Silva Anabela G. , De Francesco Silvia , Rodrigues Milton , Queirós Alexandra , Cerqueira Margarida 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe reliability of pain assessment in frail and older adults has seldom been assessed. This study aims to assess the test‐retest reliability of (1) the number of painful body sites, (2) pain intensity, and (3) pain extent in institutionalized older adults.MethodsSeventy‐four older adults who were institutionalized were assessed in 2 separate sessions, 2 days to 1 week apart, for pain intensity, number of painful body sites, and pain extent (in pixels) using a vertical pain numeric scale (0 to 10), a body chart divided into 50 body regions, and ImageJ, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable differences (MDDs) were calculated.ResultsIn session 1, the mean values (± standard deviation) were 5.54 ± 2.12 points for pain intensity, 4.47 ± 3.27 for number of painful body sites, and 2,726.00 ± 2,322.09 for pain extent. ICCs were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.72 to 0.89) for pain intensity, 0.89 (95% CI = 0.83 to 0.93) for number of painful body sites, and 0.74 (95% CI = −0.07 to 0.91) for pain area. The MDDs were 2.46 for pain intensity, 3.14 for number of painful body sites, and 4,997.60 for pain extent.ConclusionsThe vertical pain rating scale and the body chart seem reliable to assess pain intensity and number of pain sites, respectively. The wide CI for the ICC found for pain area and the high measurement error compromise its potential clinical relevance.