bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Black Phosphorus–Graphite Composite Anode for Li‐/Na‐/K‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jin Hongchang , Wang Haiyun , Qi Zhikai , Bin De‐Shan , Zhang Taiming , Wan Yangyang , Chen Jiaye , Chuang Chenghao , Lu Ying‐Rui , Chan Ting‐Shan , Ju Huanxin , Cao An‐Min , Yan Wensheng , Wu Xiaojun , Ji Hengxing , Wan Li‐Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) is a desirable anode material for alkali metal ion storage owing to its high electronic/ionic conductivity and theoretical capacity. In‐depth understanding of the redox reactions between BP and the alkali metal ions is key to reveal the potential and limitations of BP, and thus to guide the design of BP‐based composites for high‐performance alkali metal ion batteries. Comparative studies of the electrochemical reactions of Li+, Na+, and K+ with BP were performed. Ex situ X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculation reveal the lowest utilization of BP for K+ storage than for Na+ and Li+, which is ascribed to the highest formation energy and the lowest ion diffusion coefficient of the final potassiation product K3P, compared with Li3P and Na3P. As a result, restricting the formation of K3P by limiting the discharge voltage achieves a gravimetric capacity of 1300 mAh g−1 which retains at 600 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 0.25 A g−1.
Fabricating a partial wetting structure for improving the toughness of intumescent flame‐retardant HDPE
Authors: Zhao Pan , Gao Xiping , Lu Chang , Wang Xiao , He Yuxin , Yao Dahu 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTA multistep processing method was developed to fabricate a partial wetting morphology for improving toughness of flame retardant polymer. In the first step, high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and nylon 6 (PA6) were melt‐extruded with intumescent flame retardant (IFR) for fabricating HDPE/PA6/IFR blends with a core–shell structure (core: IFR, shell: PA6). At the second step, maleic anhydride‐grafted‐linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE‐g‐MAH) was melted with HDPE/PA6/IFR at processing temperatures slightly below the melting temperature of PA6 to produce a partial wetting morphology in which LLDPE‐g‐MAH phase with the sphere was dispersed at the HDPE/PA6 interface. The effect of the LLDPE‐g‐MAH content on the impact strength was investigated, and high toughness was exhibited in the blend with 2 wt % LLDPE‐g‐MAH. Its elongation at break and notched impact strength were 43 and 270% higher, respectively, than that of neat HDPE. The unique interface failure mode was responsible for the high impact strength. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48735.
Natural rubber‐graft‐poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) on cure characteristics and mechanical properties of silica‐filled natural rubber composites
Authors: Borapak Warisara , Chueangchayaphan Narong , Pichaiyut Skulrat , Chueangchayaphan Wannarat 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe grafting of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) onto natural rubber (NR‐g‐PHEA) was used to compatibilize NR composites with silica filler. The NR/silica compounds were prepared with various grafting percentages of NR‐g‐PHEA (0, 6.5, 10.5, and 14.5%) and fixed amounts of 3 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) NR‐g‐PHEA and 20 phr silica. The cure characteristics were examined using a moving die rheometer. The physicomechanical properties of NR/silica composites were determined in terms of tensile strength, bound rubber content, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Thermal properties were assessed with thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that scorch time and cure time tend to decrease with the level of grafting in NR‐g‐PHEA. The NR‐g‐PHEA decreased tan δ, whereas bound rubber content in NR/silica compounds increased, which indicates improved silica dispersion in the NR matrix. The mechanical properties improved with level of grafting in NR‐g‐PHEA. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48738.
Enabling technologies for utilization of maize as a bioenergy feedstock
Authors: Choudhary Mukesh , Singh Alla , Gupta Mamta , Rakshit Sujay 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLimited supplies of fossil fuels have led to a search for alternative sources of fuel to drive economic growth. Maize, and especially the grain portion, has been utilized to a large extent for biofuel production while the abundant lignocellulosic portion has remained underexplored owing to its recalcitrant nature. The diversion of grain for bioethanol production has consequences for food security. However, the lignocellulosic portion can easily be directed for ethanol production without any consequences for food security. Maize has emerged as the leading crop in the last decade and hence provides a vast amount of grain and biomass. Biomass quantity and its digestibility are the two key traits for efficient biofuel production. Significant variation has been reported for these traits in maize. The brown midrib mutants (bm) of maize, with reduced lignin content, can be exploited for the development of cultivars with better digestibility. Recent advances in genetics and genomics revealed key genomic regions associated with biomass‐contributing traits. The molecular markers associated with the identified genomic regions can be utilized for marker‐aided development of cultivars with high biomass and better digestibility. Advances in phenomics have also facilitated bioethanol‐targeted breeding in maize. Biorefining uses feedstock as input and processes it into biofuel. In this review, the improvement of maize as a feedstock and biological conversion strategies of lignocellulosic biomass are assessed. Research and development platforms to enable improvements in feedstock and biological processing are also discussed. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The potential of a bioeconomy to reduce Brazilian GHG emissions towards 2030: a CGE‐based life cycle analysis
Authors: Machado Pedro G. , Cunha Marcelo , Walter Arnaldo , Faaij André , Guilhoto Joaquim J. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBrazil is one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases in the world with most of its emissions coming from the land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) sector. New commitments have been set by the Paris Agreement and are reflected in the country's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). The Brazilian NDC has three main pillars to reduce emissions: increasing the share of biomass in the total primary energy supply to 18%, reducing deforestation, and achieving 45% of renewable energy in the energy mix. It is important to enlarge the share of biomass in the Brazilian economy, but it is also important to assess the potential impacts on deforestation in order to set the right strategy eventually. This study is thus an effort to investigate the contributions of a biobased economy to reduce Brazilian emissions, considering the broader concept of the bioeconomy, using biomass for energy, chemicals, and materials. To satisfy the objectives of the project, especially those related to its interest in economy‐wide changes in feedstock (from fossil to biobased), computable general equilibrium modeling (CGE) was chosen as the basic methodology integrated with an economic input–output life cycle analysis (EIO‐LCA). Results show that the impacts of the bioeconomy scenarios are positive but not sufficiently high to reduce the estimated emissions drastically. Emissions by the energy sector produce the highest reductions (7.5%) but the 12% increase in the LULUCF sector offsets those reduction. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
On the Effect of Secondary Nucleation on Deracemization through Temperature Cycles
Authors: Cameli Fabio , ter Horst Joop H. , Steendam René R. E. , Xiouras Christos , Stefanidis Georgios D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHerein, the pivotal role of secondary nucleation in a crystallization‐enhanced deracemization process is reported. During this process, complete and rapid deracemization of chiral conglomerate crystals of an isoindolinone is attained through fast microwave‐assisted temperature cycling. A parametric study of the main factors that affect the occurrence of secondary nucleation in this process, namely agitation rate, suspension density, and solute supersaturation, confirms that an enhanced stereoselective secondary nucleation rate maximizes the deracemization rate. Analysis of the system during a single temperature cycle showed that, although stereoselective particle production during the crystallization stage leads to enantiomeric enrichment, undesired kinetic dissolution of smaller particles of the preferred enantiomer occurs during the dissolution step. Therefore, secondary nucleation is crucial for the enhancement of deracemization through temperature cycles and as such should be considered in further design and optimization of this process, as well as in other temperature cycling processes commonly applied in particle engineering.
Assessing Water Quality of Mamasın Dam, Turkey: Using Water Quality Index Method, Ecological and Health Risk Assessments
Authors: Baştürk Emine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe water quality of Mamasın Dam, the drinking water source for Aksaray in Turkey, is investigated for assessment of ecological and health risks according to data between December 2015 and November 2016. Water quality index, ecological risk, and health risk assessments are determined to depend on the intensity of occurrence of parameters and seasonal and spatial distributions at different depth ranges. As a result, some ions such as Al, As, B, Ba, Co, F, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn were found to be exceeding the limit values of the national regulatory standards. Besides, Pb is listed in Priority Substances and Certain Other Pollutants according to Annex II. Because the WQI values of the water quality are low (below 60), the source is suitable for industrial and agricultural usage; however, it cannot be used for drinking water supply without treatment. The trace element levels, especially Ag, Ba, Cu, Cr, and Zn, are potential pollutants for organisms. The non‐carcinogenic health risks of As threaten both adults and children at “medium” and “high” levels through oral ingestion. The B, F, and Pb elements have Hazard Index values above 0.1 and may cause a “low” level risk chronic disease for children by oral ingestion.
Structure‐Activity Relationship and Crystallographic Studies on 4‐Hydroxypyrimidine HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Inhibitors
Authors: Holt‐Martyn James P. , Chowdhury Rasheduzzaman , Tumber Anthony , Yeh Tzu‐Lan , Abboud Martine I. , Lippl Kerstin , Lohans Christopher T. , Langley Gareth W. , Figg William , McDonough Michael A. , Pugh Christopher W. , Ratcliffe Peter J. , Schofield Christopher J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are targets for treatment of a variety of diseases including anaemia. One PHD inhibitor is approved for use for the treatment of renal anaemia and others are in late stage clinical trials. The number of reported templates for PHD inhibition is limited. We report structure–activity relationship and crystallographic studies on a promising class of 4‐hydroxypyrimidine‐containing PHD inhibitors.
Analysis of the spectral reflectance and color of mineral pigments affected by their particle size
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Li , Wan Xiao‐Xia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe color of mineral pigments changes obviously with their particle size. However, how the particle size of these mineral pigments affects the color of the mineral pigment color block remains unclear. Based on optical principles and the physical properties of mineral pigment particles, our analysis found that changes in the particle size not only nonlinearly affect the behavior of light at the first surface of the mineral pigment color block, but also affect the interaction of light with the particles within the body of the mineral pigment color block, ultimately changing the spectral reflectance and color of the mineral pigment color block. Finally, we derived a nonlinear monotonically decreasing relationship between the particle size and the spectral reflectance. The experiment conducted in this article selected six kinds of mineral pigments as color block samples and observed the changes in the spectral reflectance and color value with the particle size. These studies are beneficial for color researchers conducting scientific research related to mineral pigments.
Proposed Dynamics of CDB3 Activation in Human Erythrocytes by Nifedipine Studied with Scanning Flow Cytometry
Authors: Yastrebova Ekaterina S. , Konokhova Anastasiya I. , Strokotov Dmitry I. , Karpenko Andrei A. , Maltsev Valeri P. , Chernyshev Andrei V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNifedipine is calcium channels and pumps blocker widely used in medicine. However, mechanisms of nifedipine action in blood are not clear. In particular, the influence of nifedipine on erythrocytes is far from completely understood. In this work, applying scanning flow cytometry, we observed experimentally for the first time the dynamics behind a significant increase of HCO3−/Cl− transmembrane exchange rate of CDB3 (main anion exchanger, AE1, Band 3, SLC4A1) of human erythrocytes in the presence of nifedipine in blood. It was found that the rate of CDB3 activation is not limited by the rate of nifedipine binding and/or Ca2+ transport. In order to explain the experimental data, we suggested a kinetic model assuming that the rate of CDB3 activation is limited by the dynamics of the balance between two intracellular processes (1) the activation of CDB3 limited by its interaction with intracellular Ca2+, and (2) the spontaneous deactivation of CDB3. Thus the use of scanning flow cytometry allowed to clarify quantitatively the molecular kinetic mechanism of nifedipine action on human erythrocytes. In particular, the efficiency (~30) and rates of activation (~0.3 min−1) and deactivation (~10−3 min−1) of CDB3 in human erythrocytes was evaluated for two donors. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Applications of imaging flow cytometry in the diagnostic assessment of red cell membrane disorders
Authors: More Tejashree Anil , Dalal Bhavik , Devendra Rati , Warang Prashant , Shankarkumar Aruna , Kedar Prabhakar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRed cell membranopathies refers to phenotypically and morphologically heterogeneous disorders. High throughput imaging flow cytometry (IFC) combines the speed, sensitivity, and phenotyping abilities of flow cytometry with the detailed imagery and functional insights of microscopy to produce high content image analysis with quantitative analysis. We have evaluated the applications of IFC to examine both the morphology as well as fluorescence signal intensity in red cell membranopathies.MethodsFluorescence intensity of eosin‐5‐maleimide (EMA) labeled red cells was measured for diagnosis of RBC membrane protein defect on Amnis ImageStreamX followed by Image analysis on IDEAS software to study features such as circularity and shape ratio.ResultsThe hereditary spherocytosis (HS) group showed significantly decreased MFI (52,800 ± 9,100) than normal controls (81,100 ± 4,700) (p < .05) whereas non‐HS showed 78,300 ± 9,900. The shape ratio of hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) was significantly higher (43.8%) than normal controls (14.6%). The circularity score is higher in HS (64.15%) than the normal controls (44.3%) whereas the circularity score was very less in HE (10%) due to the presence of elliptocytes.ConclusionsThe advantages of the IFC over standard flow cytometry is its ability to provide high‐content image analysis and measurement of parameters such as circularity and shape ratio allow discriminating red cell membranopathies (HS and HE) due to variations in shape and size. It could be a single, effective, and rapid IFC test for detection and differentiation of red cell membrane disorders in hematology laboratories where an IFC is available.
Link efficiency and quality of experience aware routing protocol to improve video streaming in urban VANETs
Authors: Bouzid Smida Emna , Gaied Fantar Sonia , Youssef Habib 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn a vehicular ad‐hoc network (VANET), vehicles can play an essential role in monitoring areas of a smart city by transmitting data or multimedia content of environmental circumstances like disasters or road conditions. Multimedia content communication with quality of experience (QoE) guarantees is a challenging undertaking in an environment such as that of a VANET. Indeed, a VANET is characterized by numerous varying conditions, significantly impacting its topology, quality of communication channels, and paths with respect to bandwidth, loss, and delay. This paper introduces a link efficiency and quality of experience aware routing protocol (LEQRV) to improve video streaming provisioning in urban vehicular ad‐hoc networks. LEQRV uses an enhanced greedy forwarding‐based approach to create and maintain stable high quality routes for video streaming delivery. It improves the performance of the quality of experience by increasing the achieved QoE scores and reducing the forwarding end‐to‐end delay and frame loss.
Statistical vertical reduction‐based data abridging technique for big network traffic dataset
Authors: Garg Sheetal , Singh Raman , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Bhalla Vinod Kumar , Sharma Bhisham 
Published: November 2019

SummarySecurity is the major concern in the world of Internet. Traditionally, encryption, firewall, and other security countermeasures are used to secure the data. However, in the modern era of technology, the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) plays a major role in the field of security to detect the attack type. IDS are tuned in such a way that it learns from historical network traffic data and detects normal as well as abnormal event connection from the monitored system. Nevertheless, due to the huge size of historical data, this system can suffer from issues like accuracy, false alarms and execution time. In this paper, a new abridging algorithm is proposed, which is able to vertically reduce the size of network traffic dataset without affecting its statistical characteristics. In the literature, vertical data reduction i.e. features selection techniques are always used to reduce dataset, but this paper evaluates the effect of vertical reduction, which has not been examined significantly. Apart from abridging of vertical instances, Infinite Feature Selection technique is used to extract the relevant features from the dataset and Support Vector Machine classifier is used to classify normal and anomalous instances. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated on different datasets like NSL‐KDD and Kyoto University benchmark dataset using various parameters like accuracy, the number of instances reduced, recall, precision, f1‐score, t‐value and execution time.
Testing the specificity of interpretation biases in women with eating disorder symptoms: An online experimental assessment
Authors: Korn Julia , Dietel Fanny A. , Hartmann Andrea S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveCognitive biases, such as memory, attention, and interpretation bias, are thought to play a central role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the interpretation bias is ED‐specific or can be generalized to comorbid disorder‐related threats in women with high levels of ED symptoms.MethodIn an online study, we measured interpretation bias using the modified Sentence Word Association Paradigm (SWAP), comparing women with (n= 39) and without (sub)threshold eating disorders (n= 56). We assessed endorsement and rejection rates as well as reaction times in response to a positive/neutral or a negative ED‐specific, social anxiety‐specific (SAD), or generalized anxiety‐specific (GAD) interpretive word following an ambiguous sentence.ResultsIn ambiguous situations, women with high ED symptoms selected more negative (p< .001) and fewer positive/neutral ED‐related interpretations (p< .001). Negative interpretations were endorsed significantly faster (p< .001), while positive interpretations were rejected faster in this group (p< .001). These women also manifested negative SAD‐specific interpretation bias patterns in reaction time measures. Nevertheless, ED severity was best predicted by the endorsement of negative ED‐specific stimuli, whereas ED and SAD reaction time measures seemed to have a negligible effect.DiscussionThe results indicate that the interpretation bias might be ED‐specific. The SWAP can be a useful tool for the further investigation of the etiological relevance of the interpretation bias as well as for the development of modification training interventions.
Riparian soil nitrogen cycling and isotopic enrichment in response to a long‐term salmon carcass manipulation experiment
Authors: Feddern Megan L. , Holtgrieve Gordon W. , Perakis Steven S. , Hart Julia , Ro Hyejoo , Quinn Thomas P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPacific salmon acquire most of their biomass in the ocean before returning to spawn and die in coastal streams and lakes, thus providing subsidies of marine‐derived nitrogen (MDN) to freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Recent declines in salmon abundance have raised questions of whether managers should mitigate for losses of salmon MDN subsidies. To test the long‐term importance of salmon subsidies to riparian ecosystems, we measured soil nitrogen cycling in response to a 20‐yr manipulation where salmon carcasses were systematically removed from one bank and deposited on the opposite bank along a 2‐km stream in southwestern Alaska. Soil samples were taken at different distances from the stream bank along nine paired transects and measured for organic and inorganic nitrogen concentrations, and nitrogen transformation rates. Marine‐derived nitrogen was measured using 15N/14N for bulk soils, and and soil pools. Stable isotope analyses confirmed 15N/14N was elevated on the salmon‐enhanced bank compared to the salmon‐depleted bank. However, 15N/14N values of plant‐available inorganic nitrogen exceeded the 15N/14N of salmon inputs, highlighting nitrogen isotope fractionation in soils that raises significant methodological issues with standard MDN assessments in riparian systems. Surprisingly, despite 20 yr of salmon supplementation, the presence of MDN did not cause a long‐term increase in soil nitrogen availability. This finding indicates the importance of MDN to ecosystem nitrogen biogeochemistry, and riparian vegetation may be overestimated for some systems. Given that essential nutrients can also be pollutants, we urge more critical analyses of the role of MDN to inform compensatory mitigation programs targeting salmon nutrient enhancement.