bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material flow analysis of plastic in organic waste in Switzerland
Authors: Kawecki Delphine , Goldberg Livnat , Nowack Bernd 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSoils have been shown to be a major sink for plastic that is released to the environment. Several agricultural practices have been identified that can result in large plastic flows onto soils, among them the use of plastic‐polluted compost and digestate. However, the magnitude of this flow is currently still unclear. The aim of this work was to quantify the flows of plastic with compost and digestate onto soils based on data from Switzerland using material flow analysis (MFA). Input data to the model were based on published data on organic waste management and plastic content in compost. In order to quantify the plastic in the biomass input, measurements were made at an anaerobic digestion plant. Together with published data on the plastic content in compost, the full fate of plastic in organic waste in Switzerland could be obtained from 1985 to 2017. 6,300 t year−1 of plastic enter the system together with organic waste, and 6,200 t year−1 are removed and are incinerated. 34.5 ± 7.1 t year−1 are contained in the solid digestate, 50 ± 11 t year−1 in compost, 12.4 ± 3 t year−1 in windrow compost and 2.0 ± 0.4 t year−1 in solid digestate from codigestion. Overall, 71 ± 11 t year−1 of plastic are transferred to agricultural soil, 22.4 ± 3.3 t year−1 to horticulture and 3.6 ± 0.7 t year−1 to private consumers. Using dynamic MFA, we predict that 1,390 ± 390 tonnes of plastic have accumulated in Swiss soils through compost addition since 1985. These values can serve as basis for evaluating the contribution of composting to the plastic pollution in soils.
Soil carbon improvement under long‐term (36 years) no‐till sorghum production in a sub‐tropical environment
Authors: Govindasamy Prabhu , Liu Rui , Provin Tony , Rajan Nithya , Hons Frank , Mowrer Jake , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSoil organic matter (SOM) is considered an important indicator of soil quality, which can be impacted by crop production practices such as tillage. In this study, two long‐term tillage regimes (conventional tillage [CT] and no tillage [NT], conducted for 36 years) were compared in continuous sorghum production in a sub‐tropical environment in southeast Texas. The positive effects of long‐term NT practice were more conspicuous at the soil surface compared with the deeper soil profiles. The SOC was greater (1.5 t C ha−1 greater) in the NT system compared with the CT system. Results from an incubation study indicate that the rate of C‐min at 0–5 cm soil depth was significantly greater (164 μg of CO2–C g−1 of soil greater) in NT than that of CT, but this trend was reversed at 10–20 cm depth wherein the C‐min rates were 106 μg of CO2–C g−1 of soil greater in CT compared with NT, which is likely because of soil disturbance during the study. Soil cumulative CO2‐C emissions were greater in the CT system (7.28 g m−2) than in the NT system (5.19 g m−2), which is primarily attributed to high soil temperature conditions in the CT system. Sorghum grain yield however was not influenced by the differences in SOC content in this long‐term experiment. Overall, the present study found that long‐term conservation tillage improved SOC stock and reduced carbon loss, thus had a positive impact on soil health and sustainability.
Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in North‐Central Nigeria: a school‐based cross‐sectional pilot study
Authors: Nkereuwem Esin , Ige Olukemi O. , Yilgwan Christopher , Jobe Modou , Erhart Annette , Bode‐Thomas Fidelia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo present epidemiological data on rheumatic heart disease (RHD), the most common acquired heart disease in children and young adults in low‐ and middle‐income countries, for North‐Central Nigeria.MethodsIn this pilot study, we conducted clinical and echocardiography screening on a cross section of randomly selected secondary schoolchildren in Jos, North‐Central Nigeria, from March to September 2016. For outcome classification into borderline or definite RHD, we performed a confirmatory echocardiography using the World Heart Federation criteria for those suspected to have RHD from the screening.ResultsA total of 417 secondary schoolchildren were screened, of whom 247 (59.2%) were female. The median age was 14 years (IQR: 13–15). Clinical screening detected 8/417 children, whereas screening echocardiography detected 42/417 suspected cases of RHD. Definitive echocardiography confirmed 9/417 with RHD corresponding to a prevalence of 21.6 per 1000 (95% CI, 6.7–36.5). All but one of the confirmed RHD cases (8/9) were borderline RHD corresponding to a prevalence of 19.2 per 1000 (95% CI, 8.3–37.5) for borderline RHD and 2.4 per 1000 (95% CI, 0.1–13.3) for definite RHD. RHD was more common in boys and cardiac auscultation missed over 50% of the cases.ConclusionsThis study showed a high prevalence of RHD among secondary schoolchildren in North‐Central Nigeria with a vast predominance of asymptomatic borderline lesions. Larger school‐based echocardiography screening using portable or handheld echocardiography aimed at early detection of subclinical RHD should be adopted.
The trehalose 6‐phosphate pathway impacts vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ponnu Jathish , Schlereth Armin , Zacharaki Vasiliki , Działo Magdalena A. , Abel Christin , Feil Regina , Schmid Markus , Wahl Vanessa 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe vegetative phase change marks the beginning of the adult phase in the life cycle of plants and is associated with a gradual decline in the microRNA miR156, in response to sucrose status. Trehalose 6‐phosphate (T6P) is a sugar molecule with signaling function reporting the current sucrose state. To elucidate the role of T6P signaling in vegetative phase change, molecular, genetic, and metabolic analyses were performed using Arabidopsis thaliana loss‐of‐function lines in TREHALOSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE1 (TPS1), a gene coding for an enzyme that catalyzes the production of T6P. These lines show a significant delay in vegetative phase change, under both short and long day conditions. Induced expression of TPS1 complements this delay in the TPS1 knockout mutant (tps1‐2 GVG::TPS1). Further analyses indicate that the T6P pathway promotes vegetative phase transition by suppressing miR156 expression and thereby modulating the levels of its target transcripts, the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN‐LIKE genes. TPS1 knockdown plants, with a delayed vegetative phase change phenotype, accumulate significantly more sucrose than wild‐type plants as a result of a feedback mechanism. In summary, we conclude that the T6P pathway forms an integral part of an endogenous mechanism that influences phase transitions dependent on the metabolic state.
The Sensor Kinase QseC Regulates the Unlinked PmrA Response Regulator and Downstream Gene Expression in Francisella
Authors: Hoang Ky Van , Fitch James , White Peter , Mohapatra Nrusingh P. , Gunn John S. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia in humans and animals. Gram-negative bacteria utilize two-component regulatory systems (TCS) to sense and respond to their changing environment. No classical, tandemly arranged sensor kinase and response regulator TCS genes exist in the human virulent Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis, but orphaned members are present. PmrA is an orphan response regulator responsible for intramacrophage growth and virulence; however, the regulation of PmrA activity is not understood. We and others have shown that PmrA represses the expression of priM, described to encode an antivirulence determinant. By screening a mutant library for increased priM promoter activity, we identified the sensor kinase homolog QseC as an upstream regulator of priM expression, and this regulation is in part dependent upon the aspartate phosphorylation site of PmrA (D51). Several examined environmental signals, including epinephrine, which is reported to activate QseC in other bacteria, do not affect priM expression in a manner dependent on PmrA. Intramacrophage survival assays also question the finding that PriM is an antivirulence factor. Thus, these data suggest that the PmrA-regulated gene priM is modulated by the QseC-PmrA (QseB) TCS in Francisella.
IMPORTANCE The disease tularemia is caused by the highly infectious Gram-negative pathogen Francisella tularensis. This bacterium encodes few regulatory factors (e.g., two-component systems [TCS]). PmrA, required for intramacrophage survival and virulence in the mouse model, is encoded by an orphan TCS response regulator gene. It is unclear how PmrA is responsive to environmental signals to regulate loci, including the PmrA-repressed gene priM. We identify an orphan sensor kinase (QseC) that is required for priM repression and further explore both environmental signals that might regulate the QseC-PmrA TCS and the function of PriM.
Z plus jets production via double parton scattering in pA collisions at the LHC
Authors: Blok Boris , Ceccopieri Federico Alberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present results on Zjj production via double parton scattering in pA collisions at the LHC. We perform the analysis at leading and next-leading order accuracy with different sets of cuts on jet transverse momenta and accounting for the single parton scattering background. By exploiting the experimental capability to measure the centrality dependence of the cross section, we discuss the feasibility of DPS observation in already collected data at the LHC and in future runs.
The matrix of the Green function and the Green representation formula of the Stokes equations for a half space
Authors: Kobayashi Teppei 
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we consider the matrix of the Green function of the Stokes equations for a half space. To the best of author’s knowledge, the matrix of the Green function has been obtained for a half space in [Formula: see text]. But the matrix of the Green function for a half space in [Formula: see text] has not been obtained. Moreover, the author considers that the form of the matrix of the Green function in [Formula: see text] is irregular. In this paper, we obtain the regular form of the matrix of the Green function of the Stokes equations for a half space in [Formula: see text]. Moreover we obtain the Green representation formula of the Stokes equations for a half space in [Formula: see text].
THE MULTIFRACTAL PROPERTY OF HETEROGENEOUS MICROSTRUCTURE IN CEMENT PASTE
Authors: GAO YUN , GU YEHAN , MU SONG , JIANG JINYANG , LIU JIAPING 
Published: August 2020

Highlights (1) Microstructure of cement paste is acquired through computed tomography. (2) Multifractal property of heterogeneous microstructure is examined. (3) Incorporation of blast furnace slag results in a decrease of singularity width. The microstructure of cement paste is highly heterogeneous in nature that plays a significant role in macroscopic performance. This paper is dedicated to examining the multifractal property of microstructure in cement paste, based on which the microstructural heterogeneity could be quantified meanwhile. In particular, the X-ray computed tomography is adopted to acquire the realistic three-dimensional (3D) microstructure. Then, a thorough examination is performed on the multifractal property with respect to the partition function, the generalized dimension and the multifractal spectrum. Results indicate that the multifractal property in terms of local porosity can be recognized for the heterogeneous microstructure in both ordinary and blast furnace slag blended Portland cement pastes. The multifractal spectrum or singularity width is available to account for the degree of heterogeneity.
Independent and Joint Associations between Serum Calcium, 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D, and the Risk of Primary Liver Cancer: A Prospective Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Yin Jian , Yin Liang-Yu , Freedman Neal D. , Li Ting-Yuan , Dawsey Sanford M. , Cui Jian-Feng , Taylor Philip R. , Liu Bin , Fan Jin-Hu , Chen Wen , Abnet Christian C. , Qiao You-Lin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
Accumulating evidence has shown that serum calcium and vitamin D may be associated with or influence various cancer risks. However, no prospective studies have evaluated the independent and joint associations between prediagnostic levels of serum calcium and vitamin D and future risk of incident primary liver cancer.

Methods:
We used a nested case–control design to evaluate subjects over 22 years of follow-up. Serum calcium, 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], and three markers of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus were measured in baseline serum from 226 incident primary liver cancer cases and 1,061 matched controls. We calculated ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression to estimate the associations between calcium, 25(OH)D, and primary liver cancer risk.

Results:
Multivariable adjusted models showed that subjects with both low (ORLow/Medium = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.01–2.17) or high (ORHigh/Medium = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.34–2.76) calcium had an increased primary liver cancer risk, while those with high 25(OH)D had a decreased risk of primary liver cancer (ORHigh/Medium = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.35–0.82). In joint analyses, when compared with subjects with medium calcium and 25(OH)D, subjects with high calcium and medium 25(OH)D had elevated odds of developing primary liver cancer (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.17–3.05); those with medium calcium and high 25(OH)D had reduced odds of developing primary liver cancer (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.17–0.67); and subjects in other classifications of calcium and serum 25(OH)D levels had no change in the odds of developing primary liver cancer (all P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions:
In a nutrient-deficient population, we found that serum calcium and serum 25(OH)D could potentially be modifiable risk or protective factors.

Impact:
Our findings provide potential targets for primary liver cancer prevention and control.
Racial Differences in Helicobacter pylori CagA Sero-prevalence in a Consortium of Adult Cohorts in the United States
Authors: Varga Matthew G. , Butt Julia , Blot William J. , Le Marchand Loïc , Haiman Christopher A. , Chen Yu , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , Tinker Lesley F. , Peek Richard M. , Potter John D. , Cover Timothy L. , Hyslop Terry , Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Anne , Berndt Sonja I. , Hildesheim Allan , Waterboer Tim , Pawlita Michael , Epplein Meira 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, the main risk factor for gastric cancer, has been decreasing in the United States; however, there remains a substantial racial disparity. Moreover, the time-trends for prevalence of CagA-positive H. pylori infection, the most virulent form, are unknown in the U.S. population. We sought to assess prevalence of CagA-positive H. pylori infection over time by race in the United States.

Methods:
We utilized multiplex serology to quantify antibody responses to H. pylori antigens in 4,476 participants across five cohorts that sampled adults from 1985 to 2009. Using log-binomial regression models, we calculated prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between H. pylori–CagA sero-prevalence and birth year by race.

Results:
African Americans were three times more likely to be H. pylori–CagA sero-positive than Whites. After adjustment, H. pylori–CagA sero-prevalence was lower with increasing birth year among Whites (Ptrend = 0.001), but remained stable for African Americans. When stratified by sex and education separately, the decline in H. pylori–CagA sero-positivity among Whites remained only for females (Ptrend &lt; 0.001) and was independent of educational attainment. Among African Americans, there was no difference by sex; furthermore, sero-prevalence increased with increasing birth year among those with a high school education or less (P = 0.006).

Conclusions:
Among individuals in the United States born from the 1920s to 1960s, H. pylori–CagA sero-prevalence has declined among Whites, but not among African Americans.

Impact:
Our findings suggest a widening racial disparity in the prevalence of the most virulent form of H. pylori, the main cause of gastric cancer.
Different mutation and crossover set of genetic programming in an automated machine learning
Authors: Masrom Suraya , Mohamad Masurah , Mohamed Hatim Shahirah , Baharun Norhayati , Omar Nasiroh , Abd. Rahman Abdullah Sani 
Published: August 2020

<span lang="EN-US">Automated machine learning is a promising approach widely used to solve classification and prediction problems, which currently receives much attention for modification and improvement. One of the progressing works for automated machine learning improvement is the inclusion of evolutionary algorithm such as Genetic Programming. The function of Genetic Programming is to optimize the best combination of solutions from the possible pipelines of machine learning modelling, including selection of algorithms and parameters optimization of the selected algorithm. As a family of evolutionary based algorithm, the effectiveness of Genetic Programming in providing the best machine learning pipelines for a given problem or dataset is substantially depending on the algorithm parameterizations including the mutation and crossover rates. This paper presents the effect of different pairs of mutation and crossover rates on the automated machine learning performances that tested on different types of datasets. The finding can be used to support the theory that higher crossover rates used to improve the algorithm accuracy score while lower crossover rates may cause the algorithm to converge at earlier stage.</span>
Long-term load forecasting using grey wolf optimizer -least-squares support vector machine
Authors: Yasin Z. M. , Salim N. A. , Aziz N.F.A. , Ali Y.M. , Mohamad H. 
Published: August 2020

<p><span lang="EN-US">Long term load forecasting data is important for grid expansion and power system operation. Besides, it also important to ensure the generation capacity meet electricity demand at all times. In this paper, Least-Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) is used to predict the long-term load demand. Four inputs are considered which are peak load demand, ambient temperature, humidity and wind speed. Total load demand is set as the output of prediction in LSSVM. In order to improve the accuracy of the LSSVM, Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is hybridized to obtain the optimal parameters of LSSVM namely GWO-LSSVM. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) is used as the quantify measurement of the prediction model. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the value of MAPE. The performance of GWO-LSSVM is compared with other methods such as LSSVM and Ant Lion Optimizer – Least-Square Support Vector Machine (ALO-LSSVM). From the results obtained, it can be concluded that GWO-LSSVM provide lower MAPE value which is 0.13% as compared to other methods.</span></p>
Machine learning-based technique for big data sentiments extraction
Authors: Seman Noraini , Atiqah Razmi Nurul 
Published: August 2020

A huge amount of data is generated every minute for social networking and content sharing via Social media sites that can be in a form of structured, unstructured or semi-structured data. One of the largest used social media sites is Twitter, where each and every day millions of data generated in the form of unstructured tweets. Tweets or opinions of the people can be used to extract sentiments of the people. Sentiment analysis is beneficial for organizations to improve their products and make required changes on demand to increase their profit. In this paper, three machine learning algorithms Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Trees (DT), and Naive Bayes (NB) for classifying sentiments of twitters data. The purpose of this research is to compare the outcomes of these algorithms to identify best machine learning method which gives most accurate and efficient results for classifying twitter data. Our experimental result shows that same preprocessing methods on a different dataset affect similarly the classifiers performance. After analyzing the results it is observed that SVM provides 64.96%, 71.26% and 91.25% precision which is better than other two algorithms. Also, overall Recall and F-measure rate of SVM is greater than NB and DT for three datasets. However, it is important to further study current available preprocessing techniques that help us to improve results of various classifiers.
Design and implementation of wireless system for vibration fault detection using fuzzy logic
Authors: Ali Lilo Moneer , Jasem Mahammad Maath 
Published: August 2020

This paper aims at constructing the wireless system for fault detecting and monitoring by computer depending on the wireless and fuzzy logic technique. Wireless applications are utilized to identify, classify, and monitor faults in the real time to protect machines from damage .Two schemes were tested; first scheme fault collected X-Y-Z-axes mode while the second scheme collected Y-axis mode, which is utilized to protect the induction motor (IM) from vibrations fault. The vibration signals were processed in the central computer to reduce noise by signal processing stage, and then the fault was classified and monitored based on Fuzzy Logic (FL). The wireless vibration sensor was designed depending on the wireless techniques and C++ code. A fault collection, noise reduction, vibration fault classification and monitoring were implemented by MATLAB code. In the second scheme the processed real time was reduced to 60%, which is included collection, filtering, and monitoring fault level. Results showed that the system has the ability to early detect the fault if appears on the machine with time processing of 1.721s. This work will reduce the maintenance cost and provide the ability to utilize the system with harsh industrial applications to diagnose the fault in real time processing.
Cultura visual y música popular
Authors: Sedeño-Valdellós Ana 
Published: August 2020

La perspectiva de la ecología de los medios, que asume que los objetos mediáticos como interdisciplinares y de desarrollo transmediático, en un contexto de convergencia mediática, como ya Henry Jenkins describió en The logic of convergence culture (2004). El videoclip es uno de los formatos audiovisuales centrales en esta cultura audiovisual contemporánea: imitado por todo tipo de mensajes emergentes, tomado como referencia en su duración, en su composición de materiales, por su un componente promocional o como vehículo de contenido, normalmente de venta o promoción de una idea. El texto analizará estos aspectos, así como los derivative videos, hibridaciones o recirculaciones entre la industria musical y de la creación fan, que pueblan las redes sociales de video como YouTube.
Shanghai gangster films and the politics of change
Authors: Laukkanen Tatu-Ilari 
Published: August 2020

In this paper through a very close textual reading I will show the ideological differences between two films based on the life of Shanghai gangster Du Yuesheng (1888, Pudong – 1951, Hong Kong) through close formal and narrative analysis. Du was already a celebrity in his day in the Republican era and is still a con-troversial figure in Greater China. However, there are only two films based on the life of the French Con-cession opium kingpin, the recent Hong Kong/PRC co-production The Last Tycoon (Da Shang Hai, Wong Jing, 2012) and the epic two part Lord of the East China Sea I & II (Shang Hai huang di zhi: Sui yue feng yun & Shang Hai huang di zhi: Xiong ba tia xia, Hong Kong, Poon Man-kit 1993). I show how these films reflect HK's and China's politico-economic changes focusing on the representation of social class and the subject, depiction of internal migration and immigration, and nationalism. The films will be discussed in their relation to changes in the Hong Kong film industry, Chinese and world cinema and the transnational gangster genre, showing how local and global cinemas have affected these films.