bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2‐Benzoyl Thienothiazoles from Annulation of C−H Bonds in Acetophenone Oximes
Authors: Pham Phuc H. , Nguyen Khang X. , Nguyen Ninh P. , Pham Hoai T. B. , Nguyen Tung T. , Phan Nam T. S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report a method for coupling of acetophenone oxime acetates, C−H bonds α to ketones, and elemental sulfur. The reactions proceeded in the presence of Li2CO3 (base) and DMSO (solvent) to afford 2‐benzoyl benzothienothiazoles. Functionalities including halogen, protected alcohol, and heterocycle groups were compatible with reaction conditions. Use of methylene C−H bonds in β‐keto esters is also viable. This marks a rare example for mild synthesis of S‐heterocycles from ketoxime acetates.
Implications of accumulative stress burdens during critical periods of early postnatal life for mortality risk among Guale interred in a colonial era cemetery in Spanish Florida (ca. AD 1605–1680)
Authors: Garland Carey J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveResearch situated within the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease demonstrates that stressors are correlated with future mortality risk, especially if experienced frequently and during early periods of postnatal life. This study examines if the developmental timing and frequency of early life stressors influenced mortality risk for Indigenous Guale in Spanish Florida during the 17th century.Materials and MethodsThe present study examines internal enamel microgrowth disruptions (accentuated lines—AL) from Guale individuals (n = 52) interred at Mission Santa Catalina de Guale on St. Catherines Island, Georgia (AD 1605–1680). Teeth were thin‐sectioned and microscopically analyzed to document AL variables as predictors of age‐at‐death.ResultsIndividuals with AL died earlier than those without AL. This difference, however, was not significant. Individuals who exhibit AL formed during their first year of life died on average three times earlier than those who did not. The frequency of AL and age‐at‐first‐AL are significantly correlated with age‐at‐death, and Cox hazard analyses indicates that individuals with early forming and frequent AL had increased risks of early death.DiscussionThis study emphasizes how the lived experiences of Guale children shaped demographic patterns during the 17th century. The survival of early life stressors resulted in life history trade‐offs and increased risks for early death. Mortality risks were exacerbated for individuals who experienced frequent stressors during the earliest periods of life. This underscores a role for bioarchaeology in understanding of how accumulative stress burdens during the earliest years of postnatal life may influence mortality risk.
Ultrawideband Spin‐Decoupled Coding Metasurface for Independent Dual‐Channel Wavefront Tailoring
Authors: Guo Wen‐Long , Wang Guang‐Ming , Luo Xin‐Yao , Hou Hai‐Sheng , Chen Ke , Feng Yijun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAchieving distinct functionalities for electromagnetic (EM) waves with opposite handedness in a broad frequency range is highly desirable and essential for modern wireless communications and radar stealth. However, available functional meta‐devices still suffer from the issues of locked functionalities or spin‐decoupled properties but with limited bandwidth. Here, a spin‐decoupled coding metasurface is presented for achieving independently spin‐controlled functionalities with high efficiency in an ultrawide frequency band. By synthesizing the Jones matrix, it is predicted that two half‐wave plates with a phase difference of 90° can form a 1‐bit coding metasurface operating for orthogonal spins independently. As proofs of concept, two meta‐devices are implemented by the metasurface in the microwave region. The first meta‐device performs as a spin‐decoupled beam deflector while the second one shows an ability to generate spin‐decoupled multi‐beams carrying desired orbital angular momentums. Both of the designed meta‐devices can operate in the whole band of 7.5–18.5 GHz (with relative bandwidth of 80%), which, to the best knowledge, is so far the broadest bandwidth that can be achieved by spin‐decoupled metasurfaces. This may trigger interest and open opportunities for advanced functional meta‐devices in practical applications, for example, multichannel metasurface antennas, or multifunctional low‐scattering devices in microwave region.
Sulfonium‐Based Homolytic Substitution Observed for the Radical SAM Enzyme HemN
Authors: Ji Wenjuan , Ji Xinjian , Zhang Qi , Mandalapu Dhanaraju , Deng Zixin , Ding Wei , Sun Peng , Zhang Qi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSulfur‐based homolytic substitution (SH reaction) plays an important role in synthetic chemistry, yet whether such a reaction could occur on the positively charged sulfonium compounds remains unknown. In the study of the anaerobic coproporphyrinogen III oxidase HemN, a radical S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) enzyme involved in heme biosynthesis, we observed the production of di‐(5′‐deoxyadenosyl)methylsulfonium, which supports a deoxyadenosyl (dAdo) radical‐mediated SH reaction on the sulfonium center of SAM. The sulfonium‐based SH reactions were then investigated in detail by density functional theory calculations and model reactions, which showed that this type of reactions is thermodynamically favorable and kinetically competent. These findings represent the first report of sulfonium‐based SH reactions, which could be useful in synthetic chemistry. Our study also demonstrates the remarkable catalytic promiscuity of the radical SAM superfamily enzymes.
The Limited Predictive Power of the Pauling Rules
Authors: George Janine , Waroquiers David , Di Stefano Davide , Petretto Guido , Rignanese Gian‐Marco , Hautier Geoffroy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Pauling rules have been used for decades to rationalise the crystal structures of ionic compounds. Despite their importance, there has been no statistical assessment of the performances of these five empirical rules so far. Here, we rigorously and automatically test all five Pauling rules for a large data set of around 5000 known oxides. We discuss each Pauling rule separately, stressing their limits and range of application in terms of chemistries and structures. We conclude that only 13 % of the oxides simultaneously satisfy the last four rules, indicating a much lower predictive power than expected.
Solar‐Powered Organic Semiconductor–Bacteria Biohybrids for CO2 Reduction into Acetic Acid
Authors: Gai Panpan , Yu Wen , Zhao Hao , Qi Ruilian , Li Feng , Liu Libing , Lv Fengting , Wang Shu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn organic semiconductor–bacteria biohybrid photosynthetic system is used to efficiently realize CO2 reduction to produce acetic acid with the non‐photosynthetic bacteria Moorella thermoacetica. Perylene diimide derivative (PDI) and poly(fluorene‐co‐phenylene) (PFP) were coated on the bacteria surface as photosensitizers to form a p‐n heterojunction (PFP/PDI) layer, affording higher hole/electron separation efficiency. The π‐conjugated semiconductors possess excellent light‐harvesting ability and biocompatibility, and the cationic side chains of organic semiconductors could intercalate into cell membranes, ensuring efficient electron transfer to bacteria. Moorella thermoacetica can thus harvest photoexcited electrons from the PFP/PDI heterojunction, driving the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway to synthesize acetic acid from CO2 under illumination. The efficiency of this organic biohybrid is about 1.6 %, which is comparable to those of reported inorganic biohybrid systems.
Numerical simulation of granular mixing in a rotary drum using a generalized interpolation material point method
Authors: Zuo Zhijian , Gong Shuguang , Xie Guilan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNumerical simulations using a generalized interpolation material point method (GIMP) and material point method were introduced into the studying of granular mixing in a rotary drum. A Drucker–Prager model that has an equal size with a Mohr–Coulomb criterion was adopted to predict the failure behavior of granular matter. Experiments and discrete element method simulations were conducted to validate the models, and GIMP was finally used due to its accuracy and the ability for eliminating the crossing boundary noise. Velocity field of bed surface and standard deviation were used to measure the mixing performance. In particular, the influence of mesh size, elastic modulus, cohesion, and filling level were investigated. The results of simulations show that the utilization of GIMP significantly reduces the computing cost of simulation. The analysis of mixing performance shows that mixing performance decreases with the increase of elastic moduli, cohesion of granular matter, and filling levels.
Changes in rheological properties of polyvinyl chloride plastisols with storage time
Authors: Ji Yubi , Tang Anjiang , Yang Zhao , Luo Heng , Tan Hong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, the changes in the rheological curves of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastisols with increasing storage time and the factors affecting these changes were studied. The results show that with increasing storage time, all the “viscosity–temperature” and “viscosity–time” rheological curves of PVC plastisols exhibit nonnormal distribution change trends, that is, the viscosity first decreases, and then changes from slow increasing to rapid increasing, forming a shoulder peak, reaches to the maximum value and gradually decreases. With increasing storage time, the complex viscosities of PVC plastisols increased generally in the first, the second, and the fourth stages, and the gelation process shortened in the third stage. The first and second stages of the viscosity changes reflect the “time–temperature” equivalence principle of PVC plastisol in suspension stage. However, the maximum viscosity of PVC plastisol corresponding to temperature Tηmax does not change with increasing storage time.
Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer/halloysite nanotubes nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Zubkiewicz Agata , Szymczyk Anna , Paszkiewicz Sandra , Jędrzejewski Roman , Piesowicz Elżbieta , Siemiński Jakub 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEthylene vinyl acetate (EVA) nanocomposites filled with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were prepared by melt compounding. The homogenous dispersion of HNTs into the EVA matrix was evaluated by SEM and TEM analysis. The addition of HNTs does not influence on the phase separation structure and crystallinity of EVA nanocomposites. Due to the reinforcing effect of HNTs embedded in the EVA elastomer matrix, along with an increase of HNTs concentration, the improvement in tensile properties, by means of modulus at an elongation of 100% and tensile strength, was observed. It was found that tensile strength increased by 27% for EVA nanocomposite with 8 wt% of the HNTs. The values of elongation at break at low HNTs' loading increase and subsequently at higher loading are comparable to the neat EVA copolymer. The elastic deformability and reversibility of the EVA nanocomposites with different HNTs content was analyzed. The cyclic tensile tests showed that prepared nanocomposites have values of permanent set slightly higher than for neat EVA copolymer. Furthermore, the limiting oxygen index value for the EVA based nanocomposite with the highest HNTs content (8 wt%) increased from 19.5 to 24.8%. The results show, that thermo‐oxidative stability were improved by the incorporation of HNTs into EVA copolymer matrix.
Freeze‐dried graphene oxide modified with trimethylhexamethylene in the mix solvent for improved anti‐corrosion property of epoxy
Authors: Hou Weixin , Gao Ya , Wang John , Blackwood Daniel J. , Teo Serena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) reinforcement to enhance the property of epoxy has been reported many times; with most of the papers focusing on how to modify GO with different functional groups to achieve better dispersion. Here, the importance of the preparation route on the coating systems performance was investigated. It was found that a mixed polar/nonpolar solvent BuOH/xylene (3/1 vol/vol) was the best choice for forming the epoxy/GO coatings. Furthermore, it was found that when the freeze‐dried GO sonicated with the curing agent trimethylhexamethylene diamine in the mix solvent, the as‐prepared coating exhibited best performance, including better GO dispersion and hydrophobicity, higher adhesion, and anti‐corrosion property. Without any additional chemical to modify the GO, this optimized preparation route for epoxy/GO coatings will provide a guide for future similar research works, especially for the GO dispersion in nonaqueous systems.
Serendipitous discovery of a brightening quasar at redshift z = 3.68
Authors: Selman Fernando J. , Bian Fuyan , Blanchard Israel , Brillant Stephane , Coccato Lodovico , Cristiani Stefano , Hibon Pascale , Kakkad Darshan , Mehner Andrea , Moehler Sabine , Parraguez Diego , Reyes Claudia , Rivinius Thomas , Vera Sergio , Vogt Frédéric P. A. , Weilbacher Peter M. , Yang Bin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report the serendipitous discovery of a redshift 3.68 quasar while validating the star WD 0308‐565 as a spectrophotometric standard star for the Multi‐Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) calibration plan. Based on the MUSE observations, the luminosity of the quasar at 1350A (L1350) is 4.71 × 1045 erg s−1. The black hole mass is 2.5 × 109 Mʘ, and bolometric luminosity is 1.57 × 1047 erg s−1. Present in the field of view of a star in the calibration plan of the instrument makes this a very valuable quasar as it will receive many repeated visits in the coming years making it an ideal candidate for reverberation mapping studies.
Current Understanding of Nonaqueous Electrolytes for Calcium‐Based Batteries
Authors: Melemed Aaron M. , Khurram Aliza , Gallant Betar M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCalcium metal batteries are receiving growing research attention due to significant breakthroughs in recent years that have indicated reversible Ca plating/stripping with attractive Coulombic efficiencies (90–95 %), once thought to be out of reach. While the Ca anode is often described as being surface film‐controlled, the ability to access reversible Ca electrochemistry is highly electrolyte‐dependent in general, which affects both interfacial chemistry on plated Ca along with more fundamental Ca2+/Ca redox properties. This minireview describes recent progress towards a reversible Ca anode from the point of view of the most successful electrolyte chemistries identified to date. This includes, centrally, what is currently known about the Ca2+ solvation environment in these systems. Experimental (physico‐chemical and spectroscopy) and computational results are summarized for the two major solvent classes – carbonates and ethers – that have yielded promising results so far. Current knowledge gaps and opportunities to improve fundamental understanding of Ca2+/Ca redox are also identified.
Herstellung gekrümmter tragender Betonbauteile auf einem formflexiblen Schalungswerkzeug
Authors: Heinlein Ulli , Fraundorfer Andreas , Katona Sebastian , Wimmer Matthias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDreidimensional gekrümmte Bauformen aus Beton können bei repräsentativen Gebäuden optische Akzente setzen oder auch effiziente Tragsysteme bilden. Allerdings sind solche Strukturen bis heute durch einen hohen Arbeits‐ und Ressourcenaufwand im Schalungsbau gekennzeichnet und werden neben dem Aspekt der Nachhaltigkeit auch durch hohe Realisierungskosten belastet. Um den ökonomischen wie ökologischen Einfluss für den Schalungsbau zu minimieren, wurde bereits in früheren Konzepten ein flexibel rekonfigurierbares Schalungswerkzeug vorgeschlagen, das mehrfach verwendbar ist und computergestützt immer wieder neu auf eine gewünschte Geometrie eingestellt werden kann. Die dafür geeignete Multipoint‐Tooling‐Technologie wird im Rahmen dieses Beitrags auf ein Schalungswerkzeug im Betonbau angewandt, mit dem Bauteile mit baupraktischen Querschnittsdicken hergestellt werden können. Es wird ein formflexibler Schalungsprototyp zur Verwendung in Fertigteilwerken sowie zur Nutzung auf der Baustelle vorgestellt. Weiterhin beschreibt der Beitrag den gesamten Fertigungsprozess mit den benötigten Modulen zur Einstellung des Werkzeugs, der Abschalung und dem Betoneinbau. Anschließend wird gezeigt, dass mit diesem Ansatz freigeformte monolithische Betonquerschnitte für Wand‐ und Deckenelemente hergestellt werden können.
Impact of postoperative complications on survival after oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer
Authors: Bundred J R , Hollis A C , Evans R , Hodson J , Whiting J L , Griffiths E A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Recent evidence suggests that complications after oesophagectomy may decrease short- and long-term survival of patients with oesophageal cancer. This study aimed to analyse the impact of complications on survival in a Western cohort.

Methods
Complications after oesophagectomy were recorded for all patients operated on between January 2006 and February 2017, with severity defined using the Clavien–Dindo classification. Associations between complications and overall and recurrence-free survival were assessed using univariable and multivariable Cox regression models.

Results
Of 430 patients, 292 (67·9 per cent) developed postoperative complications, with 128 (39·8 per cent) classified as Clavien–Dindo grade III or IV. No significant associations were detected between Clavien–Dindo grade and either tumour (T) (P = 0·071) or nodal (N) status (P = 0·882). There was a significant correlation between Clavien–Dindo grade and ASA fitness grade (P = 0·032). In multivariable analysis, overall survival in patients with Clavien–Dindo grade I complications was similar to that in patients with no complications (hazard ratio (HR) 0·97, P = 0·915). However, patients with grade II and IV complications had significantly shorter overall survival than those with no complications: HR 1·64 (P = 0·007) and 1·74 (P = 0·013) respectively.

Conclusion
Increasing severity of complications after oesophagectomy was associated with decreased overall survival. Prevention of complications should improve survival.
Open access availability of anatomy papers presented at meetings of the American and British Associations of Clinical Anatomists
Authors: Miller George W. , Stoner Rebecca , Boissaud‐Cooke Matthew A. , Lim Joseph , Furness Hugh , Putt Oliver , Lewis Thomas L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroduction: Dissemination of research depends on published work being accessible. In many disciplines open access (OA) research is more frequently cited, although this has never before been demonstrated amongst anatomy publications. The objective of this study was to assess a selection of published anatomy papers to determine the effect of gold and bronze OA availability on citation rates.Materials and Methods: Taken together, 625 peer‐reviewed publications were identified from 2927 abstracts presented at meetings of AACA (2003–2010) and BACA (2000–2015).Results: In total 18.75% (69 of 368) of papers presented at BACA and 21.79% (56 of 257) of those presented at AACA reached OA publication. Citation rates are significantly higher amongst OA papers as compared to non‐OA papers presented at these two anatomy conferences (OA 18.95, Non‐OA 15.14 p = 0.047). OA papers were most commonly themed around education and pure anatomy.Conclusions: The average OA publication rate of 20.0% in anatomical research arising from these conferences is significantly lower than the average rate for scientific research. Citation rates are significantly higher amongst OA anatomy papers presented at these two conferences.
Implementation of the augmented reality to electronic practice
Authors: Selek Murat , Kıymaz Yunus E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on the application of augmented reality (AR) to electronic practice and its impact on the success of student. The developed application in this study has a recognition‐based system structure. The Unity3D platform and the Vuforia AR software development kit are used to perform the application. Flowcharts have been prepared for each electronic experiment and the audio files and the texts to be displayed on the screen have been used to improve interaction with the user. To test the effect of AR application on student success, an experimental study was also conducted on two groups of students (control group [non‐using AR] and test group [using AR]). The data obtained from the experimental study have been analyzed using independent sample t test. According to t‐test result at 95% confidence level, the probability value p = .002113432 < .05 for the use of AR is found. These results show that the use of AR in electronic practice makes a significant difference in student success.
Effect of anlotinib as a third‐ or further‐line therapy in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients with different histologic types: Subgroup analysis in the ALTER0303 trial
Authors: Cheng Ying , Han Baohui , Li Kai , Wang Qiming , Zhang Li , Shi Jianhua , Wang Zhehai , He Jianxing , Shi Yuankai , Chen Weiqiang , Wang Xiuwen , Luo Yi , Nan Kejun , Jin Faguang , Li Baolan , Zhu Jing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnlotinib showed significant survival benefits in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients as a third‐ or further‐line treatment in the ALTER0303 trial. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of anlotinib in patients with different histologies.MethodsThe ALTER0303 trial was a randomized, open‐label, phase 3 study of anlotinib in NSCLC patients previously treated with at least two lines of chemotherapy or a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in 31 centers in China. Patients were randomly assigned at a 2:1 ratio to receive anlotinib (12 mg QD from days 1 to 14 of a 21‐day cycle) or placebo until progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). We assessed the efficacy of anlotinib in histological subgroups in the full analysis set.ResultsIn the ALTER0303 trial, 336 patients had the histological subtype of adenocarcinoma (ACC), 86 patients had the histological subtype of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and 15 patients had another subtype. In the ACC subgroup, the median OS time was significantly improved with anlotinib compared with placebo (9.6 months vs 6.9 months, P = .0051), as was the median progression‐free survival (PFS) time (5.5 months vs 1.4 months, P < .0001). In the SCC subgroup, the median OS time was 10.7 months in the anlotinib group and 6.5 months in the placebo group (P = .2570), and the median PFS time was 4.8 months and 2.7 months (P = .0004), respectively. The common adverse events observed in the SCC and ACC subgroups were similar.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that anlotinib significantly improves PFS and OS in ACC patients and has a tendency to prolong survival in SCC patients.