bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histology of augmented autogenous bone covered by a platelet‐rich fibrin membrane or deproteinized bovine bone mineral and a collagen membrane: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hartlev Jens , Erik Nørholt Sven , Spin‐Neto Rubens , Kraft David , Schou Søren , Isidor Flemming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate histologic and histomorphometric bone characteristics with a focus on vitality after lateral alveolar ridge augmentation using an autogenous bone graft as a block covered by either a platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) membrane (test group) or a standard procedure involving coverage of the bone block with a deproteinized bovine bone mineral and a resorbable collagen membrane (control group).Material and methodsA total of 27 (test = 14, control = 13) partially edentulous patients with indication for bone block augmentation before implant installation were included. For analyses, a biopsy of augmented bone was retrieved six months after bone grafting.ResultsHistologic evaluation of augmented bone revealed a predominance of non‐vital bone toward the periosteum and few localized areas of vital bone in the center of the graft in both groups. In contrast, augmented bone toward the native bone demonstrated extensive bone remodeling in both groups. Histomorphometric analyses demonstrated a mean of 14% vital bone, 80% non‐vital bone, 5% soft tissue, and 1% blood vessels in the test group. In the control group, the corresponding shares were 14% vital bone, 63% non‐vital bone, 22% soft tissue, and 1% blood vessels. We observed no significant differences between the groups (p > .05).ConclusionIn conclusion, a comparable low bone vitality of augmented bone was observed in the PRF and in the control group. Consequently, the present study could not verify the potential beneficial effect of a PRF membrane on bone vitality of an autogenous bone graft used as a block.
Enhanced constrained application protocol for secured medical data transmission model for internet of things
Authors: Gobichettipalayam Krishnasamy Kamalam , Selvaraj Anandamurugan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe medical data produced from various sensors of sensitive information so there is a need to secure them through security solutions. At present, many security solutions are available in the market to secure the medical data. Transport layer security (TLS) is designed to transfer the client from the client to the server in a more secure manner. The major advantage of using TLS is it will not lose any data while transferring the message from client to server. Datagram transport layer security (DTLS) is designed specifically to use in constrained networks. The DTLS protocol consists of major components like base protocol, record layer, and handshake protocol. The main disadvantage of DTLS is the attacker can send multiple Hello messages to the server. This can cause an attack against the server and this attack encourages a new connection between the client and server and also it increases required bandwidth and resources for every message. The main objective of the proposed work is to use the constrained application protocol (CoAP) with DTLS in place of user datagram protocol (UDP) for the secure transmission of data. To evaluate the efficiency of the system, the packet loss ratio, data transmission time, and handshake time are calculated.
Test–retest reliability of six‐minute walk tests over a one‐year period in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Lans Charlotta , Cider Åsa , Nylander Eva , Brudin Lars 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this study were to determine the test–retest reliability of the duplicated six‐minute walk test (6MWT) in patients with chronic heart failure (HF), and to evaluate its variation over time.MethodsForty‐six patients (9 women) with HF performed duplicated 6MWT every third month for 1 year (5 follow‐ups), for a total of 198 paired tests. The patients completed two 6MWT on the same day with a 45‐min seated rest between tests.ResultsThe mean distance in metres, for the first (6MWT1) versus the second (6MWT2), for each follow‐up, was 408 ± 100 versus 411 ± 96, 449 ± 94 versus 465 ± 94, 464 ± 96 versus 473 ± 100, 462 ± 103 versus 468 ± 104 and 472 ± 105 versus 482 ± 107. On average, a marginally, clinically insignificant longer walked distance, 9 m (2.0%), was seen in the second 6MWT. The standard error of a single determination (Smethod) ranged from 2.4% to 3.9% over the study period, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.96 to 0.99 (CI 95% 0.94–0.99). The variation over time of ICC or Smethod was not statistically significant.ConclusionThe 6MWT is highly reliable over time in patients with HF, and one test is, therefore, sufficient in clinical follow‐ups.
Integration of nano‐ and biotechnology for beta‐cell and islet transplantation in type‐1 diabetes treatment
Authors: Dinnyes Andras , Schnur Andrea , Muenthaisong Suchitra , Bartenstein Peter , Burcez Charles‐Thibault , Burton Neal , Cyran Clemens , Gianello Pierre , Kemter Elisabeth , Nemeth Gabor , Nicotra Francesco , Prepost Eszter , Qiu Yi , Russo Laura , Wirth Andras , Wolf Eckhard , Ziegler Sibylle , Kobolak Julianna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRegenerative medicine using human or porcine β‐cells or islets has an excellent potential to become a clinically relevant method for the treatment of type‐1 diabetes. High‐resolution imaging of the function and faith of transplanted porcine pancreatic islets and human stem cell–derived beta cells in large animals and patients for testing advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) is a currently unmet need for pre‐clinical/clinical trials. The iNanoBIT EU H2020 project is developing novel highly sensitive nanotechnology‐based imaging approaches allowing for monitoring of survival, engraftment, proliferation, function and whole‐body distribution of the cellular transplants in a porcine diabetes model with excellent translational potential to humans. We develop and validate the application of single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and optoacoustic imaging technologies in a transgenic insulin‐deficient pig model to observe transplanted porcine xeno‐islets and in vitro differentiated human beta cells. We are progressing in generating new transgenic reporter pigs and human‐induced pluripotent cell (iPSC) lines for optoacoustic imaging and testing them in transplantable bioartificial islet devices. Novel multifunctional nanoparticles have been generated and are being tested for nuclear imaging of islets and beta cells using a new, high‐resolution SPECT imaging device. Overall, the combined multidisciplinary expertise of the project partners allows progress towards creating much needed technological toolboxes for the xenotransplantation and ATMP field, and thus reinforces the European healthcare supply chain for regenerative medicinal products.
Cutaneous arteriolitis: A novel cutaneous small vessel vasculitis disorder clinicopathologically different from cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa and cutaneous venulitis
Authors: Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Chen Ko‐Ron 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCutaneous vasculitis can be classified into two types based on the affected vessel size: small vessel vasculitis predominantly affecting dermal venules, and muscular vessel vasculitis as found in cutaneous arteritis predominantly affecting arteries located at the dermal‐subcutaneous junction. We describe two cases with a novel small vessel vasculitis disorder, which exclusively affected arterioles in the mid‐dermis, and show clinical and pathological difference distinct from cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa and cutaneous venulitis. Both patients were male, and presented with painful infiltrative plaques, involving the palms, soles, and thighs without extracutaneous involvement except for fever and arthralgia. Histopathological examination revealed vasculitis in the mid‐dermis characterized by a predominant infiltration of neutrophils with vessel wall fibrinoid necrosis and leukocytoclasia identical to the features of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, except that the affected vessels were arterioles rather than venules. Serological examinations showed normal levels of serum complements, immune complexes, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, and vasculitis disorders associated with systemic diseases were excluded in both patients. The patients showed a good response to short‐term treatment with prednisolone up to 30 mg. This novel cutaneous arteriolitis clinicopathologically different from both cutaneous venulitis and cutaneous arteritis appears to be a skin‐limited disorder.
Improved self‐esteem and activity levels following a 12‐week community activity and healthy lifestyle programme in those with serious mental illness: A feasibility study
Authors: Gallagher Peter , Boland Cailín , McClenaghan Aisling , Fanning Felicity , Lawlor Elizabeth , Clarke Mary 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThose with serious mental illness (SMI) including both psychotic and affective disorders are recognized to have a premature mortality compared to the general population, at least in part due to elevated cardiovascular risk profile.AimTo examine the effect of a 12‐week, pragmatic, sustainable, low‐cost intervention involving community activity, nutritional advice and exercise that could be accessible to patients attending a community clinic.MethodsParticipants (N = 35) with SMI attending a community mental health service who were considered at risk of metabolic syndrome were referred by their clinical teams to a specialized healthy activity and nutritional programme. The intervention involved participation in exercise, dietary education and targeted lifestyle advice focused on community activities. Data on physical health and clinical parameters were collected pre‐ and post‐intervention.ResultsPhysical activity increased following the intervention along with a statistically significant increase in self‐esteem scores. There was no significant reduction in body mass index or lowering of anxiety and depression scores.ConclusionsIt is feasible to develop a relatively low‐cost, community‐based physical activity programme, integrating both nutritional advice and healthy activities. This may lead to improved outcomes in cardiovascular risk profile and improved life expectancy.
Is supplementation an efficient management action to increase genetic diversity in translocated populations?
Authors: Pacioni Carlo , Atkinson Amanda , Trocini Sabrina , Rafferty Christine , Morley Kelly , Spencer Peter B. S. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIt is generally assumed that population supplementation will improve the genetic diversity of the recipient populations. However, the genetic outcomes of supplementations are rarely tested. We used population modelling to predict how the supplementation programme in a translocated Woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) population influences their genetic makeup. Our model projections were then compared against real genetic data collected before and after supplementation, to determine whether or not supplementation was effective at increasing genetic diversity and to test the accuracy of the model. Post‐supplementation genetic diversity parameters (heterozygosity and allelic richness) were significantly higher following supplementation, and there was no significant difference from those predicted by the model. These results are encouraging; however, many factors can influence supplementation outcomes and we recommend ongoing monitoring in translocated populations to ensure that population trends are on target.
Global trends of habitat destruction and consequences for parrot conservation
Authors: Vergara‐Tabares David L. , Cordier Javier M. , Landi Marcos A. , Olah George , Nori Javier 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHuman advance on natural habitats is a major cause of biodiversity loss. This transformation process represents a profound change in wooded environments, disrupting original communities of flora and fauna. Many species are highly dependent on forests, especially parrots (Psittaciformes) with almost a third of their species threatened by extinction. Most parrot species occur in tropical and subtropical forests, and given the forest dependence of most species, this is the main reason why habitat loss has been highlighted as the main threat for the group. Such habitat loss acts in synergy with other important threats (e.g., logging and poaching), which become especially problematic in certain developing countries along tropical latitudes. In this study, we used available information on parrot distributions, species traits, IUCN assessment, habitat loss and timber extraction for different periods, and distribution of protected areas, to determine conservation hotspots for the group, and analyze potential changes in the conservation status of these species. We detected four conservation hotspots for parrots: two in the Neotropics and two in Oceania, all of them facing different degrees of threat in regard of current habitat loss and agricultural trends. Our results suggest that the future of the group is subject to policymaking in specific regions, especially in the northeastern Andes and the Atlantic Forest. In addition, we predicted that agricultural expansion will have a further negative effect on the conservation status of parrots, pushing many parrot species to the edge of extinction in the near future. Our results have conservation implications by recommending protected areas in specific parrot conservation hotspots. Our recommendations to mitigate conservation risks to this group of umbrella species would also benefit many other coexisting species as well.
Negative effects of urbanization on terrestrial arthropod communities: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Fenoglio María Silvina , Rossetti María Rosa , Videla Martín 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimUrbanization is one of the most significant anthropogenic alterations of the surface of the Earth and constitutes a major threat to biodiversity at the global level. Arthropods are a very diverse group of organisms, with many species that provide essential ecosystem services. However, their response to urbanization is still unclear. Here, we describe the first meta‐analysis to evaluate the overall effects of urbanization on terrestrial arthropod communities and driving factors related to cities, arthropods and methods.LocationGlobal.Time period1979–2019.Major taxa studiedArthropods.MethodsWe compiled a dataset of 162 publications that have evaluated the effects of urbanization along rural–urban gradients, which yielded 196 observations for diversity and 148 for abundance of arthropods. Moderator variables related to cities (climatic region, size, age, air pollution level and vegetation cover), arthropods (taxonomic and functional group and mobility level) and methods (study duration and type of gradient) were considered. We analysed the data through a hierarchical meta‐analysis that allowed us to take into account the dependence of multiple effect sizes obtained from one study.ResultsOverall, urbanization had a negative effect on the diversity and abundance of terrestrial arthropods. The magnitude of the changes in diversity and abundance along the urban gradient depended on the arthropod taxonomic group. Coleoptera and Lepidoptera were the most affected groups, suggesting that not all species respond in the same way to urbanization. In addition, the age of the cities had a slightly negative influence, but only on abundance.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that terrestrial arthropod communities are less diverse and abundant in more urbanized landscapes. Considering the current biodiversity crisis and the fact that urbanization is one of the most extreme forms of global environmental change, the evidence presented here could be useful to support and direct new conservation efforts in urban habitats.
The unfolded protein response modulates the autophagy‐mediated egg production in the mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Weng S.‐C. , Shiao S.‐H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMosquitoes must feed on vertebrate blood for egg development. As a consequence, some mosquito species are vectors for pathogens that cause devastating diseases in humans. Hence, understanding the mechanisms that control egg developmental cycles is important for developing novel approaches for the control of mosquito‐borne diseases. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular stress response related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The UPR is activated in response to an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER. Massive proteins have been shown to be produced during egg development, and it is obvious that unfolded or misfolded proteins may arise during vitellogenesis. It has been shown that autophagy in the mosquito fat body plays a central role in the progression of gonadotrophic cycles in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of UPR and the correlation between UPR and autophagy remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that autophagy is activated during vitellogenesis and that the activation of autophagy is correlated with the UPR. We also show that the expressions of UPR and autophagy can be induced in an in vitro fat body culture system through an amino acid treatment. In addition, the expressions of UPR, autophagy‐specific markers and vitellogenin were also induced during dithiothreitol treatment. Interestingly, the silencing of UPR‐related genes significantly reduced the expression of autophagy‐specific markers and inhibited mosquito fecundity. Taken together, we conclude that autophagy‐mediated egg production in the mosquito A. aegypti is regulated by UPR.
Ficolin A derived from local macrophages and neutrophils protects against lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury by activating complement
Authors: Wu Xu , Yao Duoduo , Bao Linlin , Liu Di , Xu Xiaoxue , An Yunqing , Zhang Xulong , Cao Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFicolins are important and widely distributed pattern recognition molecules that can induce lectin complement pathway activation and initiate the innate immune response. Although ficolins can bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro, the sources, dynamic changes and roles of local ficolins in LPS‐induced pulmonary inflammation and injury remain poorly understood. In this study, we established a ficolin knockout mouse model by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology, and used flow cytometry and hematoxylin and eosin staining to study the expressions and roles of local ficolins in LPS‐induced pulmonary inflammation and injury. Our results show that besides ficolin B (FcnB), ficolin A (FcnA) is also expressed in leukocytes from the bone marrow, peripheral blood, lung and spleen. Further analyses showed that macrophages and neutrophils are the main sources of FcnA and FcnB, and T and B cells also express a small amount of FcnB. The intranasal administration of LPS induced local pulmonary inflammation with the increased recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils. LPS stimulation induced increased expression of FcnA and FcnB in neutrophils at the acute stage and in macrophages at the late stage. The severity of the lung injury and local inflammation of Fcna−/− mice was increased by the induction of extracellular complement activation. The recovery of LPS‐induced local lung inflammation and injury was delayed in Fcnb−/− mice. Hence, these findings suggested that the local macrophage‐ and neutrophil‐derived FcnA protects against LPS‐induced acute lung injury by mediating extracellular complement activation.
The effect of social media on corporate violations: Evidence from Weibo posts in China
Authors: Zhou Jing , Ye Silin , Lan Wei , Jiang Yunwen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAt the new stage of information technology era, the transmission of information between listed companies and investors may not be dominated by traditional media, but the widely used social media which can provide additional information to listed companies. We utilize the volume of Weibo posts by individuals to generate a direct attention proxy for the effect of social media in China. By applying the latent instrument variables (LIV) approach to control for endogeneity problem, we find that investor attention brought by social media after violations announcements positively affects corporate violations, as reflected in a higher probability and more timely action to redress violations. The positive Weibo‐based attention effects are stronger when executives are more concerned about their reputations and companies have better reputations in the capital markets. This paper shows that building an effective and efficient social media platform can better inspire investors to actively pay their attention to certain information of listed companies. Such investors' active attention may form a monitoring role in listed companies and thereby substitute for some external mechanisms to protect their own rights.
Polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis ameliorate liver disturbance by regulating TLR‐4/NF‐κB and AMPK/Nrf2 signalling pathways
Authors: Zhang Kefeng , Xu Qiongmei , Gao Ya , Cao Houkang , Lian Yuanyu , Li Zimeng , Xu Jie , Zhong Mingli , Li Jiani , Wei Riming , Dong Jianghui , Jin Ling 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to alleviate liver disturbance by applying polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis (DCP) to act on the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase/ nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (AMPK/ Nrf2) oxidative stress pathway and the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4)/ nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) inflammatory pathway and to establish an in vivo liver disturbance model using male C57BL/6J and TLR‐4 knockout (−/−) mice. For this, we evaluated the expression levels of SREBP‐1 and Nrf2 after silencing the expression of AMPK using siRNA technology. Our results show that with regard to the TLR‐4/ NF‐κB inflammatory pathway, DCP inhibits TLR‐4, up‐regulates the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ), reduces the expression of phospho(p)‐NF‐κB and leads to the reduction of downstream inflammatory factors, such as tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β, thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response. Regarding the AMPK/ Nrf2 oxidative stress pathway, DCP up‐regulates the expression of p‐AMPK and Nrf2, in addition to regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and ameliorating liver disturbance symptoms. In summary, our study shows that DCP alleviates liver disturbances by inhibiting mechanisms used during liver inflammation and oxidative stress depression, which provides a new strategy for the clinical treatment of liver disturbance.