bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Picturesque, the Sublime, and the Authentic: Leonardo and Richter
Authors: Emison Patricia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
How can artists respond to the pressures generated by an age of photography and of ubiquitous imagery accredited almost no material value, an age in which craft has nearly vanished? I argue that Gerhard Richter and Norman Ackroyd each in his own way generate a particular freedom with respect to history (including the history of art) by negotiating an artworld in which abstraction and representation have no stable mutual hierarchy, in which the sublime and the picturesque may coexist. Leonardo long before discovered elements of both in his experience of landscape. Different as they might appear (painting versus aquatint; luxury versus affordable), Richter’s and Ackroyd’s works each establish a kind of art object that is not only postaura but also disdains the claims of uniqueness and of the immediately, thoroughly autograph: authentic, not self-expressive works of art that involve handwork even as they invoke mechanisms of replication. They renew the sublime via varieties of blankness adjusted for a world of dauntingly vast information resources.
Dichromatobolus, a new genus of spirobolidan millipedes from Madagascar (Spirobolida, Pachybolidae)
Authors: Wesener Thomas 
Published: October 2020

A new genus, Dichromatobolus gen. nov., belonging to the genus-rich mainly southern hemisphere family Pachybolidae of the order Spirobolida, is described based on D. elephantulus gen. et sp. nov., illustrated with color pictures, line drawings, and scanning electron micrographs. The species is recorded from the spiny bush of southwestern Madagascar. Dichromatobolus elephantulus gen. et sp. nov. shows an unusual color pattern, sexual dichromatism with males being red with black legs and females being grey. Males seem to be more surface active, as mainly males were collected with pitfall traps. Females mainly come from the pet trade. The body of this species is short and very wide, being only 8 times longer than wide in the males. Live observations show the species is a very slow mover, digging in loose soil almost as fast as walking on the surface. The posterior gonopods of Dichromatobolus gen. nov. are unusually simple and well-rounded, displaying some similarities to the genera Corallobolus Wesener, 2009 and Granitobolus Wesener, 2009, from which the new genus differs in numerous other characters, e.g., size, anterior gonopods and habitus. Despite several attempts with fresh tissue samples and different primers, molecular barcoding did not work for Dichromatobolus gen. nov. Any relationships to the other 15 genera of Pachybolidae indigenous to Madagascar remain unknown.
Dimensions of teachers’ transdisciplinary competence based on a systematic review of three transdisciplinary areas
Authors: Smestad Bjørn , Gillespie Astrid 
Published: October 2020

This study contributes to the conceptualisation of teachers’ competence through a systematic review (a concept synthesis) of three key transdisciplinary competencies—teachers’ diversity competence, teachers’ research and development competence, and teachers’ digital competence. Based on our analysis, we propose a set of dimensions to consider—within which there were important tensions in the research literature reviewed—when discussing teachers’ professional competence. These dimensions are: the 1) beneficiary, 2) teachers’ role, 3) attitudes, knowledge and skills, 4) sources of competence, 5) relationship to disciplinary content and 6) assessment. We discuss the three areas in light of these dimensions. We suggest that the complexity of being and becoming a teacher is a blind spot in research on teachers’ transdisciplinary competence and that many articles show deficit thinking about teachers.
Physiological aspects and energetic contribution in 20s:10s high-intensity interval exercise at different intensities
Authors: Protzen Gabriel V. , Bartel Charles , Coswig Victor S. , Gentil Paulo , Del Vecchio Fabricio B. 
Published: October 2020

Background
One of the most popular high-intensity interval exercises is the called “Tabata Protocol”. However, most investigations have limitations in describing the work intensity, and this fact appears to be due to the protocol unfeasibility. Furthermore, the physiological demands and energetic contribution during this kind of exercise remain unclear.

Methods
Eight physically active students (21.8 ± 3.7 years) and eight well-trained cycling athletes (27.8 ± 6.4 years) were enrolled. In the first visit, we collected descriptive data and the peak power output (PPO). On the next three visits, in random order, participants performed interval training with the same time structure (effort:rest 20s:10s) but using different intensities (115%, 130%, and 170% of PPO). We collected the number of sprints, power output, oxygen consumption, blood lactate, and heart rate.

Results
The analysis of variance for multivariate test (number of sprints, power output, blood lactate, peak heart rate and percentage of maximal heart rate) showed significant differences between groups (F = 9.62; p = 0.001) and intensities (F = 384.05; p < 0.001), with no interactions (F = 0.94; p = 0.57). All three energetic contributions and intensities were different between protocols. The higher contribution was aerobic, followed by alactic and lactic. The aerobic contribution was higher at 115%PPO, while the alactic system showed higher contribution at 130%PPO. In conclusion, the aerobic system was predominant in the three exercise protocols, and we observed a higher contribution at lower intensities.
Antibiogram Audit of Catheter-associated Uropathogenic Isolates in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria: Advocating Laboratory-based Prescription Practices
Authors: Ogban G. I. , Iwuafor A. A. , Emanghe U. E. , Ushie S. N. , Bisong E. M. , Okonkwo S. N. 
Published: October 2020

Background: The most important risk factor to developing UTI is the presence of an indwelling urethral catheter. Eighty percent of nosocomial UTI was reported to be caused by urethral catheterization. UTIs in health care institutions and in those with frequent antibiotic exposures were frequently caused by multi- drug resistant pathogens. This study sought to determined the antibiogram of isolates from catheterized patients with UTIs with a view to establishing if there were justifications for empiric treatment of this condition in the study area in the absence of quality antibiotic formulary.
Materials and Methods: Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic data. Specimens were cultured on 5% sheep blood agar (SBA), MacConkey and sabouraud dextrose agar plates and incubated at 37°c for 24 hours in ambient air. Significant bacteriuria was determined on growths from SBA. Growths were identified using standard biochemical techniques.
Results: The study established 74.3% (52) prevalence of CAUTIs amongst catheterized patients in the study area with 29 (41.4%) female dominance. Imipenem (93.9%) recorded the highest percentage susceptibility, followed by Amikacin (91.8%) and Piperacillin/ tazobactam (88.8%). E. coli 17(32.7%) was the dominant isolate. Extended spectrum β-lctamase prevalence was 23(44.2%) and MRSA 2(3.8%). There was significant statistical relation between ESBL production and resistance to other classes of antibiotics.
Conclusion: There is high percentage prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) among isolates of CAUTIs in the study area. We therefore advocate laboratory based prescription practice and de-emphasized empiric treatment pending when there would be in a quality drug formulary founded on regular resistance surveillance.
Soil Hydrothermal Regimes, Biological Activity and Nutrient Availability under Various Mulches and Weed Management Practices in Tomato
Authors: Arun T. , Sridevi S. , Rani K. Radha 
Published: October 2020

The impact of different mulching materials and weed management practices on soil properties were evaluated by a field study conducted at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar during 2015 with tomato as test crop. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments consisting of control (unweeded check), pendimethalin (PE) @1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + hand weeding at 30 DAT, black polythene mulch, reflective polythene mulch, paddy straw mulch, paddy husk mulch, hand weeding two times (20 DAT & 40 DAT) and replicated thrice. The mean temperature was higher by 1.7°C under black polythene mulch compared to control (bare soil) and it was less by 1.8 °C under paddy straw mulch. Soil moisture content under black polythene mulch was significantly higher by 31.21%, 36.07% and 24.19% respectively at 20, 40 DAT and at harvest. In the initial stages i.e., at 20 DAT, reflective polythene mulch (28.81%) and paddy husk mulch (24.52%) were also equally effective in maintaining soil moisture on par to that of black polythene mulch. Significantly highest dehydrogenase activity (8.62 and 6.17 μg of TPF released g-1day-1 respectively), acid phosphatase activity (121.81 and 92.15 μg of PNP released g-1hr-1 respectively) and alkaline phosphatase activity (135.19 and 106.10 μg of PNP released g-1hr-1 respectively) were recorded under paddy straw mulch at 40 days after transplanting and after harvest. Similarly, significantly highest bacterial count (7.49 log10 CFU g soil-1 and 7.34 log10 CFU g soil-1), fungal count (4.53 log10 CFU g soil-1 and 4.36 log10 CFU g soil-1) and actinomycetes count (5.42 log10 CFU g soil-1 and 5.26 log10 CFU g soil-1) at 40 DAT and after harvest respectively were high under paddy straw mulch. Availability of nitrogen and phosphorus was high under reflective polythene mulch while that of potassium under straw mulch. Weed management either through pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + hand weeding at 30 DAT or by hand weeding two times (20 DAT & 40 DAT) did not influence the soil properties significantly.
Association Between the Severity of Periodontitis and Osteoarthritis in Middle‐Aged and Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population‐Based Study
Authors: Kim Hyoung‐Sik , Park Hye‐Min , Kim Haeyoung , Lee Hye Sun , Son Da‐Hye , Lee Yong‐Jae 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivePeriodontitis and osteoarthritis are major public health concerns that result in decreased quality of life among middle‐aged and older adults. We sought to examine whether the severity of periodontitis is related to osteoarthritis according to the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsThis study included 3,527 participants age ≥50 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Periodontitis was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index; severe periodontitis was defined as periodontal tissue forming deep periodontal pockets ≥6‐mm depth. Osteoarthritis was defined as Kellgren/Lawrence grade ≥2 on radiographic images of the knee or hip area with joint pain. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for osteoarthritis according to the severity of periodontitis, stratified by type 2 diabetes mellitus, were calculated using multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsParticipants with type 2 diabetes mellitus were more likely to have osteoarthritis as the severity of periodontitis increased (nonsevere periodontitis OR 1.23 [95% CI 0.67–2.32]; severe periodontitis OR 3.01 [95% CI 1.51–5.84]) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, education level, household income, hypertension, and frequent tooth‐brushing. However, this positive association was not found in individuals without type 2 diabetes mellitus after adjusting for the same covariables.ConclusionSevere periodontitis was positively and significantly associated with osteoarthritis in middle‐aged and older individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our findings suggest that the oral inflammation manifesting in periodontitis may be at least partly involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Advances in Natural Biopolymer‐Based Electrolytes and Separators for Battery Applications
Authors: Lizundia Erlantz , Kundu Dipan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRechargeable batteries are ubiquitous, and their usage is projected to grow tremendously over the years. They are vital to curbing the fossil fuel dependency and are destined to play a significant role in the future energy landscape. However, rising demand will eventually strain raw material resources, and potentially cripple the development and deployment of associated technologies. In this regard, alongside materials and methods involving sustainable resources, greener manufacturing and recycling potential, renewable resource derived biodegradable materials, i.e., natural biopolymers–are attracting interest for sustainable and eco‐friendly future batteries. While they are being studied for nearly all aspects of a battery cell development, their exploration as an electrolyte component has been the subject of widespread investigations. These studies include, but are not limited to, their utilization as the building block for electrolyte wettable and more thermally resistant separators, as an alternative to synthetic polymers in gel polymer and solid polymer electrolytes, and as functional membranes to inhibit the loss of electroactive species in diverse battery chemistries. Here, a summary of natural biopolymer‐based electrolytes and separators development that incorporate novel concepts is presented to tackle specific issues in various battery systems and future perspective underpinning their further advancement.
Let's Talk About Sex—Biological Sex Is Underreported in Biomaterial Studies
Authors: James Bryan D. , Guerin Paxton , Allen Josephine B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrecision medicine aims to better individualize healthcare. It requires that biomaterials be designed for the physiological characteristics of a specific patient. To make this a reality, biomaterials research and development must address differences of biological sex. More specifically, biomaterials should be designed with properties optimized and appropriate for male and female patients. In analyzing research articles from seven prominent biomaterials journals, sex as a biological variable is missing from an overwhelming majority of in vitro biomaterial studies. From the survey, the reporting of the sex of primary cell cultures happened only 10.3% of the time. Contributing to this trend is that commercial vendors bias cell lines toward one sex or another by not disclosing information of cell line sex at the time of purchase; researchers do not communicate this pertinent information in published studies; and many journal policies have little to no requirements for reporting cell line characteristics. Omitting this valuable information leads to a gap in the understanding of sex‐specific cell‐biomaterial interactions and it creates a bias in research findings towards one sex or another. To curb this concerning trend and make precision biomaterials a reality will require the biomaterials field to “talk about sex” by reporting cell sex more broadly.
Bloch Lines Constituting Antiskyrmions Captured via Differential Phase Contrast
Authors: Yasin Fehmi S. , Peng Licong , Takagi Rina , Kanazawa Naoya , Seki Shinichiro , Tokura Yoshinori , Yu Xiuzhen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMuch scientific capital has been directed toward exotic magnetic spin textures called Bloch lines, that is, Néel‐type line boundaries within domain walls, because their geometry promises high‐density magnetic storage. While predicted to arise in high‐anisotropy magnets, bulk soft magnets, and thin films with in‐plane magnetization, Bloch lines also constitute magnetic antiskyrmions, that is, topological antiparticles of skyrmions. Most domain walls occur as Bloch‐type or Néel‐type, in which the magnetization rotates parallel or perpendicular to the domain wall across its profile, respectively. The Bloch lines’ Néel‐type rotation and their minute size make them difficult to directly measure. This work utilizes differential phase contrast (DPC) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to measure the in‐plane magnetization of Bloch lines within antiskyrmions emergent in a non‐centrosymmetric Heusler magnet with D2d symmetry, Mn1.4Pt0.9Pd0.1Sn, in addition to Bloch‐type skyrmions in an FeGe magnet with B20‐type crystal structure to benchmark the DPC technique. Both in‐focus measurement and identification of Bloch lines at the antiskyrmion's corners are provided.
Fractal Web Design of a Hemispherical Photodetector Array with Organic‐Dye‐Sensitized Graphene Hybrid Composites
Authors: Lee Eun Kwang , Baruah Ratul Kumar , Leem Jung Woo , Park Woohyun , Kim Bong Hoon , Urbas Augustine , Ku Zahyun , Kim Young L. , Alam Muhammad Ashraful , Lee Chi Hwan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe vision system of arthropods consists of a dense array of individual photodetecting elements across a curvilinear surface. This compound‐eye architecture could be a useful model for optoelectronic sensing devices that require a large field of view and high sensitivity to motion. Strategies that aim to mimic the compound‐eye architecture involve integrating photodetector pixels with a curved microlens, but their fabrication on a curvilinear surface is challenged by the use of standard microfabrication processes that are traditionally designed for planar, rigid substrates (e.g., Si wafers). Here, a fractal web design of a hemispherical photodetector array that contains an organic‐dye‐sensitized graphene hybrid composite is reported to serve as an effective photoactive component with enhanced light‐absorbing capabilities. The device is first fabricated on a planar Si wafer at the microscale and then transferred to transparent hemispherical domes with different curvatures in a deterministic manner. The unique structural property of the fractal web design provides protection of the device from damage by effectively tolerating various external loads. Comprehensive experimental and computational studies reveal the essential design features and optoelectronic properties of the device, followed by the evaluation of its utility in the measurement of both the direction and intensity of incident light.
Black Phosphorus: Degradation Mechanism, Passivation Method, and Application for In Situ Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Peng Ling , Abbasi Nasir , Xiao Yao , Xie Zhongjian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNanomaterials have attracted ever‐increasing interest in tissue regeneration in the past few decades. As an emerging 2D layered nanomaterial, black phosphorus shows more promising potentials in organism restoration than other 2D materials, attributed to its extraordinary biodegradation ability, remarkable optical properties, and high payload of drugs and agents. The degradation products, i.e., phosphate, can be adsorbed by tissues for specific regeneration such as bone, yet the excessive degradation rate of black phosphorus will reduce its application performance and hazard the biological safety. First, a solid overview of the research topic about the balance between the degradation and stability of black phosphorus is provided. For this purpose, the recent research works on the degradation mechanism, and the passivation methods from both physical and chemical aspects are in detail summarized. In the next part, the biosafety of black phosphorus is compared with the biosafety of other 2D materials, and the latest research studies of black phosphorus used for tissue regeneration are provided. At last, the current challenges of black phosphorus are put forward; therefore, its future development direction and research focus applied in the field of tissue regeneration in vivo are derived.
Organic Bioelectronics: Using Highly Conjugated Polymers to Interface with Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues in the Human Body
Authors: Higgins Stuart G. , Lo Fiego Alessandra , Patrick Ijeoma , Creamer Adam , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConjugated polymers exhibit interesting material and optoelectronic properties that make them well‐suited to the development of biointerfaces. Their biologically relevant mechanical characteristics, ability to be chemically modified, and mixed electronic and ionic charge transport are captured within the diverse field of organic bioelectronics. Conjugated polymers are used in a wide range of device architectures, and cell and tissue scaffolds. These devices enable biosensing of many biomolecules, such as metabolites, nucleic acids, and more. Devices can be used to both stimulate and sense the behavior of cells and tissues. Similarly, tissue interfaces permit interaction with complex organs, aiding both fundamental biological understanding and providing new opportunities for stimulating regenerative behaviors and bioelectronic based therapeutics. Applications of these materials are broad, and much continues to be uncovered about their fundamental properties. This report covers the current understanding of the fundamentals of conjugated polymer biointerfaces and their interactions with biomolecules, cells, and tissues in the human body. An overview of current materials and devices is presented, along with highlighted major in vivo and in vitro applications. Finally, open research questions and opportunities are discussed.
Multi‐Band Tunable Chiral Metamaterial for Asymmetric Transmission and Absorption of Linearly Polarized Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Huang Chen Xi , Zhang Jing Jing , Wu Lin , Zhang Cheng , Yang Jin , Yang Liu Xi , Ke Jun Chen , Bai Lin , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDue to the importance of chiral materials in realizing many exotic phenomena, a chiral metamaterial incorporated with active components of PIN diodes for the flexible control of asymmetric transmission (AT) of linearly polarized electromagnetic (EM) waves at microwave frequency is proposed. A transfer‐matrix approach and full‐wave simulations for cascading anisotropic impedance sheets is applied to analyse the physical mechanism of the structure, enabling the device with optimal multi‐band AT effect. The experimental results demonstrate that the robust real‐time controls of polarization conversion and AT effect for the linearly polarized waves can be achieved by altering the applied biasing voltage, giving rise to the tunability in three frequency bands of 9–10.5 GHz, 11–11.8 GHz, and 12.2–12.8 GHz. Furthermore, the tunable absorption can also be achieved, making it a good candidate in intelligent EM systems.
The Mobile and Pinned Grain Boundaries in 2D Monoclinic Rhenium Disulfide
Authors: Zheng Fangyuan , Huang Lingli , Wong Lok‐Wing , Han Jin , Cai Yuan , Wang Ning , Deng Qingming , Ly Thuc Hue , Zhao Jiong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn bulk crystals, the kinetics of dislocations is usually hindered by the twining boundaries (TB) or grain boundaries (GB), rendering the well‐known grain boundary strengthening effects. Nevertheless, here it is found that in 2D rhenium disulfide (ReS2), twinning is much easier than dislocation slip. Consequently, the highly mobile TBs or GBs are inversely pinned by the relatively immobile dislocations. Due to the strong in‐plane covalent bonding, the GBs in high‐symmetry 2D materials such as graphene which consists of defects are immobile at room temperature. In contrast, in monoclinic 2D ReS2 several types of GBs (including TBs) can be readily generated and driven by mechanical loading. A complete library of the GBs in 2D ReS2 is established by the (in situ) atomic‐scale transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The twinning (shear) stresses for 2D ReS2 are estimated as low as 4–30 MPa, one or two orders of magnitude lower than the traditional bulk materials. Full elucidation on the GB structures and especially the intriguing GB kinetics in such anisotropic 2D materials are of fundamental importance to understand the structure–property relationships and develop strain‐tunable applications for 2D materials in future.