bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary bladder and rectal cancer risk estimates following standard fractionated and moderately hypofractionated VMAT for prostate carcinoma
Authors: Mazonakis Michalis , Kachris Stefanos , Damilakis John 
Published: April 2020

PurposeTo estimate the risk for bladder and rectal cancer induction due to standard fractionated (SF) and moderately hypofractionated (HF) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for prostate carcinoma.MethodsTwelve patients with low or intermediate‐risk of prostate cancer referred for external‐beam radiotherapy were included in this study. Three computed tomography‐based VMAT plans were created for each study participant. The first plan was generated by assuming patient’s irradiation with SF‐VMAT (78 Gy in 39 fractions). The second and third plans were created on the basis of two different HF schedules (HF‐VMAT1: 70 Gy in 30 fractions, HF:VMAT2: 60 Gy in 20 fractions). Data from differential dose‐volume histograms obtained by the above treatment plans were employed to calculate the organ equivalent dose (OED) of the bladder and rectum with the aid of a nonlinear model accounting for fractionation and proliferation effects. The calculated OED values were used to estimate the average lifetime attributable risk (LARav) for the appearance of radiotherapy‐induced secondary bladder and rectal malignancies. The lifetime risk of radiation carcinogenesis was compared with the respective organ‐, and age‐dependent lifetime intrinsic risk (LIR) of cancer development for unexposed males.ResultsThe average OED of the rectum from SF‐VMAT, HF‐VMAT1 and HF‐VMAT2 for prostate cancer was 972.0, 900.2, and 815.7 cGy, respectively. The corresponding values for bladder were 73.4, 72.3, and 71.0 cGy. The LARav for rectal cancer induction varied from 0.06% to 0.4% by the fractionation schedule used for irradiation and by the age of the patient at the time of treatment. The corresponding risk range related to the development of secondary bladder malignancies was 0.06–0.33%. The SF‐VMAT, HF‐VMAT1 and HF‐VMAT2 led to an increase of the lifetime rectal cancer risk with respect to LIR by 2.2–9.8%, 2.0–9.1% and 1.8–8.2%, respectively, depending upon the patient’s age. The corresponding elevation for bladder cancer induction was up to 8.0%, 7.9% and 7.7%.ConclusionsThe use of VMAT for prostate carcinoma leads to a noteworthy increase of the lifetime risk for bladder and rectal cancer induction compared to that of unexposed people irrespective of the patient’s age at the time of treatment and the applied fractionation scheme. The cancer risk data presented in this study may be taken into account by radiation oncologists and medical physicists in the selection of the optimal radiation therapy plan.
Characterization of indentation damage resistance and thermal diffusivity of needle‐punched Musa sapientum cellulosic fiber/unsaturated polyester composite laminates using IR thermography
Authors: Kenned Jack J , K Sankaranarayanasamy , V Kalyanavalli , C Suresh Kumar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis work focuses on the evolution of a novel technique, employed to fabricate a plant fiber‐reinforced composites without any hazardous chemical treatment for alternative carcinogenic synthetic fiber‐reinforced polymer composites. The fibers were extracted from the agro‐waste pseudostem of banana plant. Anatomical studies were carried out on fibers to ratify their reinforcement potentiality. The cellulosic fibers were needle‐punched and commingled with unsaturated polyester for fabricating nonwoven needle‐punched banana fiber composites (NPBFC). Quasistatic indentation tests were conducted for inducing damage on NPBFC, random banana fiber composites (RBFC), and random glass fiber composites (RGFC). Mechanical parameters, such as, peak force, linear stiffness, dent depth, and absorbed energy were used for evaluating indentation damage resistance. However, the optimal properties were achieved at 40 wt% fiber content. The load‐bearing capacity of NPBFC having 2420 N is supercilious than RBFC and comparable with RGFC. Moreover, the extent of damage area and thermal diffusivity for optimized NPBFC are 178 mm2 and 0.11 mm2/s, respectively, computed using infrared thermography technique. This result reveals that the optimized NPBFC has better indentation damage resistance and thermal insulating property than RBFC and RGFC. This study concludes that the synthesized NPBFC can be used for the application of industrial safety helmet and automotive parts.
Characterization of biodegradable poly(l‐lactide) tube over accelerated degradation
Authors: Naseem Raasti , Zhao Liguo , Eswaran Senthil K. , Willcock Helen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe next‐generation bioresorbable polymeric stents are undergoing continual research and development, especially how to control and optimize their degradation behaviors. The aim of this paper is to study the properties of a poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) tube over accelerated degradation in vitro. Spherical nanoindentation was particularly adopted to measure the mechanical properties of PLLA tube; while differential scanning calorimetry and gel permeation chromatography were used for crystallinity and molecular weight measurements. Overall, the material degradation was captured by the local stress‐strain response obtained with spherical nanoindentation, and further confirmed with chemical analyses. The results are particularly useful for development of bioresorbable polymeric stents with improved performance.
Instruction in secondary cotaught classrooms: Three elements, two teachers, one unique approach
Authors: Weiss Margaret P. , Rodgers Wendy J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoteaching is a widely used service delivery model for students with disabilities who access the general curriculum. Instruction in cotaught classrooms is meant to be qualitatively different from instruction in solo‐taught classrooms; however, this is not always the case. In this article, we describe a framework for thinking about and planning instruction in cotaught classrooms that includes evidence‐based practices from special education and specially designed instruction. Examples are included and discussed.
The influence of ABCG2 polymorphism on erlotinib efflux in the K562 cell line
Authors: Svedberg Anna , Jacobs Lianne , Vikingsson Svante , Gréen Henrik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene for multidrug resistance protein ABCG2, an erlotinib transporter, is a possible contributor to the interindividual variation observed in erlotinib pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Therefore, the aim was to study erlotinib efflux by ABCG2 wild‐type (wt) and ABCG2 polymorphic variants in the K562 cell line. The chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cell line, neither expressing EGFR nor ABCG2, was transduced with vectors containing the ABCG2 wt, the SNPs: 34 G > A and 421 C > A, or with empty vector (K562/ve). ABCG2‐expressing cells were enriched using magnetic sorting and the expression was verified using flow cytometry. Intracellular erlotinib concentrations were analyzed by LC–MS/MS after incubation with 1 µmol/L erlotinib for 60 minutes. All recombinant cell lines were confirmed carriers of the vector and expressed ABCG2. Differences in intracellular erlotinib concentrations were observed between K562/ve and K562 ABCG2 wt and between K562/ve and K562 ABCG2 34G > A (both P ≤ .001, one‐way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test), indicating that the cell lines carrying ABCG2 wt and ABCG2 34G > A actively transports erlotinib out of the cells. The ABCG2 34G > A cell line had a higher transport capacity compared with ABCG2 wt after adjusting for ABCG2 expression (P = .024, t test). No differences were observed between K562/ve and K562 ABCG2 421 C > A. Genetic polymorphism in the ABCG2 gene has an influence on the transport of erlotinib which can contribute to the observed variation in erlotinib pharmacokinetics and toxicity.
Robust finite‐time H∞ synchronization for uncertain discrete‐time systems with nonhomogeneous Markovian jump: Observer‐based case
Authors: He Quangui , Xing Mali , Gao Xiaobin , Deng Feiqi 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn this article, the problem of robust finite‐time H∞ synchronization control is investigated for a class of uncertain discrete‐time master‐slave systems with Markovian switching parameters in the observer‐based case. Parameter uncertainties are assumed to be norm‐bounded, and the polyhedral character is utilized to describe the transition probabilities of nonhomogeneous Markov chain. By using stochastic Lyapunov function method and finite‐time analysis techniques, novel sufficient conditions that include the master‐slave parameters are obtained for designing an observer‐based finite‐time H∞ synchronization control law in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The effectiveness of the proposed theoretical scheme is finally demonstrated by some simulations.
Intraoperative Strahlentherapie in der Abdominalchirurgie – eigene Erfahrungen
Authors: Joechle Katharina , Gkika Eleni , Grosu Anca-Ligia , Hopt Ulrich T. , Neeff Hannes P. , Fichtner-Feigl Stefan , Lang Sven A. 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die intraoperative Radiotherapie (IORT) kann bei lokal weit fortgeschrittenen Tumoren und zu erwartender bzw. nicht vermeidbarer R1-Situation ergänzend zur chirurgischen Resektion eingesetzt werden. Ziel ist eine verbesserte lokale Tumorkontrolle und damit ein besseres Langzeitüberleben. Indikationen sind sowohl primäre intraabdominelle und retroperitoneale Tumoren als auch Rezidivtumoren. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die eigenen Erfahrungen mit der Durchführung einer IORT bei viszeralchirurgischen Resektionen zusammengefasst.

Methodik
Patienten, die von Januar 2008 bis Dezember 2018 eine IORT kombiniert mit abdomineller Tumorresektion in der Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie des Universitätsklinikums Freiburgs erhalten hatten, wurden in diese Arbeit eingeschlossen und hinsichtlich Kurz- und Langzeitergebnisse evaluiert.

Ergebnisse
Die häufigste Indikation zur Durchführung einer IORT stellten Sarkome gefolgt von Rektum- und Analkarzinomen dar. Die mediane angewandte Strahlendosis der IORT betrug 15 Gy (8–19 Gy). Bei einem medianen „comprehensive complication index“ (CCI) von 11,9 traten bei 24 % der Patienten Komplikationen (Dindo-Clavien ≥ °III) auf. Die 90-Tage-Mortalität betrug 0 %. Besonders für Analkarzinomrezidive war die lokale Kontrolle nach einem Jahr trotz R0-Resektion unzureichend.

Schlussfolgerung
In unserem Patientenkollektiv war die IORT mit vertretbarer Morbidität einsetzbar. Dennoch sind Indikationsstellung und Patientenselektion kritische Punkte für die Durchführung der Behandlung. Der Effekt der IORT zur Verbesserung der lokalen Kontrolle und damit auch des Langzeitüberlebens sollte in weiteren Studien evaluiert werden.
Major depressive disorder and cardiometabolic diseases: a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Tang Bowen , Yuan Shuai , Xiong Ying , He Qiqiang , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims/hypothesisObservational studies have shown a bidirectional association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and cardiometabolic diseases. We conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to assess the causal associations of MDD with type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure and vice versa.MethodsWe extracted summary-level data for MDD, type 2 diabetes, CAD and heart failure from corresponding published large genome-wide association studies of individuals mainly of European-descent. In total, 96 SNPs for MDD, 202 SNPs for type 2 diabetes, 44 SNPs for CAD and 12 SNPs for heart failure were proposed as instrumental variables at the genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10−8). The random-effects inverse-variance weighted method was used for the main analyses.ResultsGenetic liability to MDD was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes and CAD at the Bonferroni-corrected significance level. The ORs of type 2 diabetes and CAD were respectively 1.26 (95% CI 1.10, 1.43;p = 6 × 10−4) and 1.16 (95% CI 1.05, 1.29;p = 0.0047) per one-unit increase in logeodds of MDD. There was a suggestive association between MDD and heart failure (OR 1.11 [95% CI 1.01, 1.21];p = 0.033). We found limited evidence supporting causal effects of cardiometabolic diseases on MDD risk in the reverse MR analyses.Conclusions/interpretationThe present study strengthened the evidence that MDD is a potential risk factor for type 2 diabetes and CAD. Whether MDD is causally related to heart failure needs further study.Data availabilityAll data included in this study were uploaded as supplements and are also publicly available through published GWASs and open GWAS datasets (UK Biobank, 23andMe and Psychiatric Genomics:https://datashare.is.ed.ac.uk/handle/10283/3203;DIAGRAM:http://diagram-consortium.org/downloads.html;CARDIoGRAMplusCD4:www.cardiogramplusc4d.org/;HERMES:http://www.kp4cd.org/datasets/mi).
Medication as a risk factor for hospitalization due to heart failure and shock: a series of case-crossover studies in Swiss claims data
Authors: Jödicke Annika M. , Burden Andrea M. , Zellweger Urs , Tomka Ivan T. , Neuer Thomas , Roos Malgorzata , Kullak-Ublick Gerd A. , Curkovic Ivanka , Egbring Marco 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Heart failure is among the leading causes for hospitalization in Europe. In this study, we evaluate potential precipitating factors for hospitalization for heart failure and shock.

Methods
Using Swiss claims data (2014–2015), we evaluated the association between hospitalization for heart failure and shock, and prescription of oral potassium supplements, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. We conducted case-crossover analyses, where exposure was compared for the hazard period and the primary control period (e.g., 1–30 days before hospitalization vs. 31–60 days, respectively). Conditional logistic regression was applied and subsequently adjusted for addressing potential confounding by disease progression. Sensitivity analyses were conducted and stratification for co-medication was performed.

Results
We identified 2185 patients hospitalized with heart failure or shock. Prescription of potassium supplements, NSAIDs, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was significantly associated with an increased risk for hospitalization for heart failure and shock with crude odds ratios (OR) of 2.04 for potassium (95% CI 1.24–3.36, p = 0.005, 30 days), OR 1.8 for NSAIDs (95% CI 1.39–2.33, p < 0.0001, 30 days), and OR 3.25 for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (95% CI 2.06–5.14, p < 0.0001, 15 days), respectively. Adjustment attenuated odds ratios, while the significant positive association remained (potassium OR 1.70 (95% CI 1.01–2.86, p = 0.046), NSAIDs OR 1.50 (95% CI 1.14–1.97, p = 0.003), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid OR 2.26 (95% CI 1.41–3.62, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Prescription of potassium supplements, NSAIDs, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is associated with increased risk for hospitalization. Underlying conditions such as pain, electrolyte imbalances, and infections are likely contributing risk factors. Physicians may use this knowledge to better identify patients at risk and adapt patient management.
Safety of intravenous iron isomaltoside for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy
Authors: Wesström Jan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy and safety for mother and child of using intravenous iron isomaltoside (IV-IIM) during pregnancy.

Methods
Using an appointment register, we retrospectively identified all pregnant women who received a single dose of 1000 or 1500 mg IV-IIM in the maternity ward of Falu Hospital and subsequently gave birth between August 6, 2013 and July 31, 2018. Women who received IV-IIM (case group) were individually matched with pregnant women who did not receive IV-IIM (control group) by delivery date, maternal age (± 2 years), and parity. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), demographic characteristics, hemoglobin and s-ferritin counts, pregnancy and delivery complications, and infant data (APGAR score, pH at umbilical artery, birthweight, birth length, intrauterine growth restriction and neonatal ward admission). Data were obtained from electronic patient charts. SPSS was used for descriptive statistics.

Results
During the 5-year period, 213 women each received a single administration of IV-IIM. Ten (4.7%) ADRs occurred during IV-IIM administration. All ADRs were mild hypersensitivity reactions, abated spontaneously within a few minutes, and did not recur on rechallenge. No association between IIM dose and ADR frequency was noted. Maternal and fetal outcomes, including hemoglobin counts at delivery and postpartum, were similar in the case and control groups.

Conclusion
These results support the convenience, safety, and efficacy of a single high-dose (up to 1500 mg) infusion of IV-IIM for iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.
Facial nerve electrodiagnostics for patients with facial palsy: a clinical practice guideline
Authors: Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Volk Gerd Fabian , Olsen Kerry D. , Mäkitie Antti A. , Silver Carl E. , Zafereo Mark E. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Randolph Gregory W. , Simo Ricard , Shaha Ashok R. , Vander Poorten Vincent , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Facial nerve electrodiagnostics is a well-established and important tool for decision making in patients with facial nerve diseases. Nevertheless, many otorhinolaryngologist—head and neck surgeons do not routinely use facial nerve electrodiagnostics. This may be due to a current lack of agreement on methodology, interpretation, validity, and clinical application. Electrophysiological analyses of the facial nerve and the mimic muscles can assist in diagnosis, assess the lesion severity, and aid in decision making. With acute facial palsy, it is a valuable tool for predicting recovery.

Methods
This paper presents a guideline prepared by members of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group and of the Multidisciplinary Salivary Gland Society for use in cases of peripheral facial nerve disorders based on a systematic literature search.

Results
Required equipment, practical implementation, and interpretation of the results of facial nerve electrodiagnostics are presented.

Conclusion
The aim of this guideline is to inform all involved parties (i.e. otorhinolaryngologist—head and neck surgeons and other medical specialists, therapeutic professionals and the affected persons) and to provide practical recommendations for the diagnostic use of facial nerve electrodiagnostics.
Fears from the past? The innate ability of dogs to detect predator scents
Authors: Samuel Lydia , Arnesen Charlotte , Zedrosser Andreas , Rosell Frank 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThroughout the animal kingdom, antipredator mechanisms are an evolutionary driving force to enable the survival of species classified as prey. Information regarding a predator’s location can be determined through chemosensory cues from urine, faeces, visual and/or acoustic signals and anal gland secretions; and in several lab and field-based studies it has been seen that these cues mediate behavioural changes within prey species. These behaviours are often linked to fear and avoidance, which will in turn increase the prey’s survival rate. In many studies dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) have been used as a predator species, however, no research has addressed a dog’s innate ability to detect predator scents, hence the rationale behind this study. We assessed the innate ability of the untrained domestic dog to detect faecal scents of wild Eurasian brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) and European lynx (Lynx lynx). The study monitored 82 domestic dogs across the UK and Norway. The dogs were exposed to the two predator faecal scents from Eurasian brown bear and European lynx, a herbivore faecal scent of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) and water control. Measurements were taken upon the time spent within a 40 cm radius of each scent and changes in the dog’s heart rate when within this 40 cm radius. We found dogs spent a decreased length of time around the predator scents and had an increased heart rate in relation to their basal heart rate. We conclude that dogs can innately sense predator scents of brown bear and lynx and elicit fear towards these odours, as shown through behavioural and physiological changes.
Is the UK Supreme Court rogue to un-prorogue Parliament?
Authors: Tridimas Constantina P. , Tridimas George 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOn 24 September 2019, in a unanimous judgment the UK Supreme Court ([2019] UKSC 41) ruled that the Prime Minister’s action to prorogue (suspend) Parliament for 5 weeks in the run-up to the 31-10-2019 deadline of the UK leaving the European Union, was unlawful and of no effect, as it prevented Parliament from carrying out its constitutional functions without reasonable justification. Although the Court did not pronounce on the merits and demerits of Brexit, its decision delighted “Remainers” but appalled “Leavers”. The Court ruling epitomises the potency of constitutional review by an independent judiciary. The paper applies collective choice theory to analyse the ruling of the Supreme Court. This is accomplished by (a) examining the legal basis of the Court ruling; (b) reviewing arguments for judicial review and (c) exploring the effect of the Court as an additional player in the game of collective choice in a spatial decision model.
Prediction of geometry deviations in additive manufactured parts: comparison of linear regression with machine learning algorithms
Authors: Baturynska Ivanna , Martinsen Kristian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDimensional accuracy in additive manufacturing (AM) is still an issue compared with the tolerances for injection molding. In order to make AM suitable for the medical, aerospace, and automotive industries, geometry variations should be controlled and managed with a tight tolerance range. In the previously published article, the authors used statistical analysis to develop linear models for the prediction of dimensional features of laser-sintered specimens. Two identical builds with the same material, process, and build parameters were produced, resulting in 434 samples for mechanical testing (ISO 527-2 1BA). The developed linear models had low accuracy, and therefore needed an application of more advanced data analysis techniques. In this work, machine learning techniques are applied for the same data, and results are compared with the previously reported linear models. The linear regression model is the best for width. Multilayer perceptron and gradient boost regressor models have outperformed other for thickness and length. The recommendations on how the developed models can be used in the future are proposed.