bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of blood parasite infections on spatiotemporal migration patterns and activity budgets in a long‐distance migratory passerine
Authors: Emmenegger Tamara , Bensch Staffan , Hahn Steffen , Kishkinev Dmitry , Procházka Petr , Zehtindjiev Pavel , Bauer Silke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHow blood parasite infections influence the migration of hosts remains a lively debated issue as past studies found negative, positive, or no response to infections. This particularly applies to small birds, for which monitoring of detailed migration behavior over a whole annual cycle has been technically unachievable so far. Here, we investigate how bird migration is influenced by parasite infections. To this end, we tracked great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) with multisensor loggers, characterized general migration patterns as well as detailed flight bout durations, resting times and flight heights, and related these to the genus and intensity of their avian haemosporidian infections. We found migration distances to be shorter and the onset of autumn migration to be delayed with increasing intensity of blood parasite infection, in particular for birds with Plasmodium and mixed‐genus infections. Additionally, the durations of migratory flight bout were prolonged for infected compared to uninfected birds. But since severely infected birds and particularly birds with mixed‐genus infections had shorter resting times, initial delays seemed to be compensated for and the timing in other periods of the annual cycle was not compromised by infection. Overall, our multisensor logger approach revealed that avian blood parasites have mostly subtle effects on migratory performance and that effects can occur in specific periods of the year only.
Ras Homolog Family Member F, Filopodia Associated Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis by Altering the Metabolic Status of Cancer Cells Through RAB3D
Authors: Li Shi , Liu Yu , Bai Yifeng , Chen Min , Cheng Donghui , Wu Mengwan , Xia Jianling 
Published: November 2020

Background and Aims
The mechanism by which tumor cells resist metabolic stress remains unclear, but many oncogenes are known to regulate this process. Accordingly, metabolic stress is closely associated with tumor metastasis. In this study, gene chip technology showed that Ras homolog family member F, filopodia associated (RHOF), a member of the Rho guanosine triphosphatase family, is an oncogene that is significantly related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis; however, it has rarely been reported in tumors. Our aim was to determine the clinicopathological significance and role of RHOF in HCC progression and investigate the associated mechanisms.

Approach and Results
The results showed that compared to expression in adjacent noncancerous tissues, RHOF was frequently up‐regulated in HCC tumor samples and elevated under conditions of glucose deprivation. RHOF expression was associated with tumor–node–metastasis stage, T grade, metastasis status, recurrence, and survival in HCC. RHOF also affected cell morphology and promoted migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cell lines. Analysis of the underlying mechanism showed that RHOF promoted the Warburg effect by up‐regulating the expression and function of several glycolytic enzymes in HCC cells. This metabolic shift enhanced HCC cell migration and invasion. Specifically, RHOF exerted a tumor‐promoting effect by directly interacting with AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increasing the phosphorylation of AMPK. This subsequently affected RAB3D mRNA stability and led to elevated RAB3D expression, thereby amplifying the Warburg effect and malignant biological behaviors of HCC cells.

Conclusions
RHOF helps tumor cells resist metabolic stress through modulating the Warburg effect and plays a critical role in promoting HCC cell migration, invasion, and EMT, highlighting its important role in remodeling the metastatic microenvironment and regulating tumor metastasis. RHOF shows potential as a therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for HCC.
Effects of different autophagy inhibitors on sensitizing KG‐1 and HL‐60 leukemia cells to chemotherapy
Authors: Haghi Atousa , Salemi Mahdieh , Fakhimahmadi Aila , Mohammadi Kian Mahnaz , Yousefi Hassan , Rahmati Marveh , Mohammadi Saeed , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir , Moosavi Mohammad Amin , Nikbakht Mohsen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA little number of current autophagy inhibitors may have beneficial effects on the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, there is a strong need to figure out which settings should be activated or inhibited in autophagy pathway to prevail drug resistance and also to improve current treatment options in leukemia. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of well‐known inhibitors of autophagy (as 3‐MA, BafA1, and HCQ) in leukemia KG‐1 and HL‐60 cells exposed to arsenic trioxide (ATO) and/or all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity of cells were examined by MTT assay. Autophagy was studied by evaluating the development of acidic vesicular organelles, and the autophagosomes formation was investigated by acridine orange staining and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the gene and protein expressions levels of autophagy markers (ATGs, p62/SQSTM1, and LC‐3B) were also performed by qPCR and western blotting, respectively. The rate of apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated using flow cytometry. We compared the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of ATO and/or ATRA in both cell lines and demonstrated that some autophagy markers upregulated in this context. Also, it was shown that autophagy blockers HCQ and/or BafA1 could potentiate the cytotoxic effects of ATO/ATRA, which were more pronounced in KG‐1 cells compared to HL‐60 cell line. This study showed the involvement of autophagy during the treatment of KG‐1 and HL‐60 cells by ATO/ATRA. This study proposed that therapy of ATO/ATRA in combination with HCQ can be considered as a more effective strategy for targeting leukemic KG‐1 cells.
Novel fully human anti‐CD47 antibodies stimulate phagocytosis and promote elimination of AML cells
Authors: Wang Chaoyu , Sun Chengtao , Li Mengzhen , Xia Bing , Wang Yi , Zhang Li , Zhang Yanyan , Wang Juan , Sun Feifei , Lu Suying , Zhu Jia , Huang Junting , Zhang Yizhuo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) enter remission after induction chemotherapy, the risk of relapse remains considerable. Therefore, some novel therapeutic strategies are still required. This study found that the overexpression of CD47 on AML cells was at least twofold more than that on normal bone marrow (NBM) cells in 81% (17/21) of the investigated patients; no patients had lower expression level of CD47 compared with healthy donors. The study also demonstrated that blocking the CD47/SIRPα (signal regulatory protein α) signal with the established novel fully human anti‐CD47 monoclonal antibodies increased the phagocytosis of AML cells by macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that the novel fully human anti‐CD47 monoclonal antibodies could significantly prolong the survival time of mice. Overall, the novel fully human anti‐CD47 antibodies could block CD47/SIRPα interaction, increase macrophage‐mediated phagocytosis, and enhance the elimination of AML cells.
3D Oxygen‐Enhanced MRI at 3T MR System: Comparison With Thin‐Section CT of Quantitative Capability for Pulmonary Functional Loss Assessment and Clinical Stage Classification of COPD in Smokers
Authors: Ohno Yoshiharu , Yui Masao , Yoshikawa Takeshi , Seki Shinichiro , Takenaka Daisuke , Kassai Yoshimori , Hattori Hidekazu , Murayama Kazuhiro , Toyama Hiroshi 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundOxygen (O2)‐enhanced MRI is mainly performed by a 2D sequence using 1.5T MR systems but trying to be obtained by a 3D sequence using a 3T MR system.PurposeTo compare the capability of 3D O2‐enhanced MRI and that of thin‐section computed tomography (CT) for pulmonary functional loss assessment and clinical stage classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in smokers.Study TypeProspective study.PopulationFifty six smokers were included.Field Strength/ Sequence3T, 3D O2‐enhanced MRIs were performed with a 3D T1‐weighted fast field echo pulse sequence using the multiple flip angles.AssessmentsSmokers were classified into four stages (“Without COPD,” “Mild COPD,” “Moderate COPD,” “Severe or very severe COPD”). Maps of regional changes in T1 values were generated from O2‐enhanced MR data. Regions of interest (ROIs) were then placed over the lung on all slices and averaged to determine mean T1 value change (ΔT1). Quantitative CT used the percentage of low attenuation areas within the entire lung (LAA%).Statistical TestsΔT1 and LAA% were correlated with pulmonary functional parameters, and compared for four stages using Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test. Discrimination analyses were performed and McNemar's test was used for a comparison of the accuracy of the indexes.ResultsThere were significantly higher correlations between ΔT1 and pulmonary functional parameters (–0.83 ≤ r ≤ –0.71, P < 0.05) than between LAA% and the same pulmonary functional parameters (–0.76 ≤ r ≤ –0.69, P < 0.05). ΔT1 and LAA% of the “Mild COPD” and “Moderate COPD” groups were significantly different from those of the “Severe or Very Severe COPD” group (P < 0.05). Discriminatory accuracy of ΔT1 (62.5%) and ΔT1 with LAA% (67.9%) was significantly greater than that of LAA% (48.2%, P < 0.05).Data ConclusionCompared with thin‐section CT, 3D O2‐enhanced MRI has a similar capability for pulmonary functional assessment but better potential for clinical stage classification in smokers.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage1
Bayesian Time‐Series Models in Single Case Experimental Designs: A Tutorial for Trauma Researchers
Authors: Natesan Batley Prathiba , Contractor Ateka A. , Caldas Stephanie V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSingle‐case experimental designs (SCEDs) involve obtaining repeated measures from one or a few participants before, during, and, sometimes, after treatment implementation. Because they are cost‐, time‐, and resource‐efficient and can provide robust causal evidence for more large‐scale research, SCEDs are gaining popularity in trauma treatment research. However, sophisticated techniques to analyze SCED data remain underutilized. Herein, we discuss the utility of SCED data for trauma research, provide recommendations for addressing challenges specific to SCED approaches, and introduce a tutorial for two Bayesian models—the Bayesian interrupted time‐series (BITS) model and the Bayesian unknown change‐point (BUCP) model—that can be used to analyze the typically small sample, autocorrelated, SCED data. Software codes are provided for the ease of guiding readers in estimating these models. Analyses of a dataset from a published article as well as a trauma‐specific simulated dataset are used to illustrate the models and demonstrate the interpretation of the results. We further discuss the implications of using such small‐sample data‐analytic techniques for SCEDs specific to trauma research.
Predictive factors of PNE success in a contemporary series: A single institution experience
Authors: Kocher Neil J. , Derisavifard Samir , Rueb Jessica , Goldman Howard B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposePeripheral nerve evaluation (PNE) permits a trial of sacral neuromodulation to determine candidates for single stage implant. Before routine fluoroscopy, PNE success rates were 40%–50% compared to approximately 77% with staged procedures. There are limited data on PNE success rates with the use of fluoroscopy and improved techniques. We evaluated a contemporary series of PNE patients to determine predictors of PNE success and persistent functional response following permanent implantation.MethodsA retrospective review of PNE patients at a large academic center from 2015 to 2019 was performed. Patients with urgency‐frequency, urge incontinence, and/or fecal incontinence (FI) were included. Rates of permanent implant after successful PNE trial and continued improvement at ≥1 month were reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression determined predictors of PNE success and continued response at follow‐up.ResultsA total of 102 PNE patients were included. A total of 78 patients (76.5%) were PNE responders. Predictors of PNE success included younger age (p = .014), urgency incontinence (p = .021), FI (p = .017), absence of a neurologic diagnosis (p = .04), presence of bellows and toe responses (p = .038), and perineal sensation (p = .027). A total of 68 of 78 PNE responders (87.2%) maintained optimal responses at ≥1 month. Absence of a neurologic diagnosis was predictive of persistent success at follow‐up (p = .013).ConclusionsThis contemporary PNE series revealed screening success equivalent to a two‐staged approach. A small proportion of patients demonstrate suboptimal responses following permanent implant. Conversion from testing to permanent implant may not be the ideal outcome as it may overestimate success, and evaluation for persistent improvement should be investigated further as a more reliable indicator of successful screening.
Risk factors predicting upper urinary tract deterioration in children with spinal cord injury
Authors: Önal Bülent , Kırlı Elif A. , Selçuk Berin , Buğdaycı Derya , Can Günay , Çetinel Bülent 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to determine the risk factors predicting upper urinary tract (UUT) deterioration in children with spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsThe medical records of 108 children with SCI who were referred to our unit between 1996 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The data included general patient demographics, SCI characteristics, bladder management methods, presence of urinary tract infection, radiological evaluation of the UUT and lower urinary tract (LUT), and videourodynamic findings. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the cutoff values of the maximum detrusor pressure during filling and the bladder volume ratio (BVR) for predicting UUT deterioration. Multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk factors predicting UUT deterioration.ResultsComplete data were available for 76 children. The median patient age was 15 years (2–17). The leading causes of SCI were motor vehicle accidents (44%) and fall (33%). UUT deterioration was identified in 33 patients (43%). Iatrogenic SCI etiology, abnormal radiological LUT findings, and detrusor pressures greater than 70 cmH2O were found to be independent risk factors for UUT deterioration using regression analysis. In addition, ROC analysis revealed that a BVR less than 0.7 was the cutoff value for UUT deterioration in children with SCI.ConclusionAbnormal radiological LUT findings, iatrogenic SCI etiology, detrusor pressure greater than 70 cmH2O, and a BVR less than 0.7 were independent risk factors for UUT deterioration in children with SCI.
On the observability inequalities of time discrete 2‐D integro‐differential systems in square domains
Authors: Xu Da 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, we consider an observability inequality of time discrete approximation schemes for a class of integro‐differential equations in square domains. The equation is discretized in time by the back‐ward Euler method in combination with Lubich's convolution quadrature. We derive uniform observability inequality for time discretization schemes in which the high frequency components have been filtered. In this way, the well‐known exact observability inequality of the integro‐differential systems (see Loreti and Sforza, Evolution Equations and Control Theory, 2018, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 61–77, Thm. 1.2) can be reproduced as the limit, as the time step Δt → 0. The time discrete observability inequality is established by means of a time‐discrete version of the classical harmonic analysis approach. Numerical experiments are presented to show the theoretical analysis.
Mechanism of acetaldehyde formation in polyethylene terephthalate resin—A new insight
Authors: Mahesh V. S. , Tharpa Kalsang , Gadigone Nitin S. , Al‐Farhood Bander F. , Al‐Mutairi Fayez H. , Kumar Arun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcetaldehyde is one of the well‐known undesirable by‐product formed during different stages of polyethylene terephthalate manufacturing process. The migration of acetaldehyde from polyethylene terephthalate, even at trace levels of 10–25 ppb is known to adversely impact organoleptic property of water and/or beverages. We are reporting for the first time in‐situ formation of acetaldehyde in polyethylene terephthalate pellets due to the presence of residual levels of 2‐methyl 1, 3‐dioxolane in the final polymer. A new insight on generation of acetaldehyde through hydrolysis of 2‐methyl 1, 3‐dioxolane present in polyethylene terephthalate resin has been established through water spiking studies in a controlled environment. Further, systematic studies were conducted to also understand the mechanism of formation of 2‐methyl 1, 3‐dioxolane during the polyethylene terephthalate manufacturing.
A Green Method for Synthesizing Nickel Nanoparticles Supported by Magnetized Pectin: Applied as a Catalyst for Aldehyde Synthesis as a Precursor in Xanthan Synthesis
Authors: Khashei Siuki Hossein , Bagherzade Ghodsieh , Ghamari Kargar Pouya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the properties of a catalyst that composed of magnetic nanoparticles and Pectin biopolymer that is widely found in nature (Fe3O4@Pectin) to support nickel (II) acetate are discussed, and this catalyst was then used in response to the synthesis of the precursor required for xanthene synthesis. The heterogeneous catalyst was characterized by techniques such as FT‐IR spectroscopy, FE‐SEM, TEM, XRD spectroscopy, EDX spectroscopy, VSM, and ICP spectroscopy. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was also used to determine the thermal stability of the material techniques. Then the catalyst was explored in the oxidation reaction of alcohols that has high efficiency and selectivity and the synthesized aldehydes were used as precursors for the synthesis of xanthans. Xanthans are important compounds found in a variety of biological components and drugs. The most important advantages of this method are easy to work up procedure, perform the reaction in solvent‐free conditions, and the catalyst can be separated by an external magnet and used several times without reducing the activity.
Photosensitizer Modulated Turn – off Fluorescence System and Molecular Logic Functions for Selective Detection of Arsenic (III)
Authors: Shukla Shubhangi , Singh Shwarnima , Mitra Murli Dhar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe As3+ directed selective Fluorimetric turn ‘OFF’ sensor based on dual functions of fluorophore‐metal interaction and electron transfer between the emitter and light sensitizing moiety (PB‐MOF) has been formulated. Intermolecular charge transfer dependent changes in emission intensity were recorded owing to the metal ion‐induced modifications in coordinating potentials of PB‐MOF. Fluorescein shows successive enhancement in emission maxima (λem=520 nm) due to intermolecular activation in the presence of AgNPs and PB‐MOF. While interaction with As3+ leads to non radiative energy transfer at λem=520 in methanol, and the action of As3+ is selective over other ions (Na+, K+, Cs+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, W+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+). Signal modulations based on the associating capabilities of sensitizer were epitomized to construct the integrated molecular logic gate system of OR, NAND, INHIBIT with single and double inputs. The enhancement and quenching phases were well evaluated through analytical as well as Boolean functions.
Pd(II)‐NNN Pincer Complexes for Catalyzing Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Jerome Peter , Haribabu Jebiti , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. P. , Karvembu Ramasamy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChiral and achiral Pd(II)‐NNN pincer complexes (1–3) containing acetonitrile as an ancillary ligand were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic (UV‐visible, FT‐IR, NMR and mass) techniques. Polarimetric experiments were employed to measure the specific rotation values of the chiral complexes {[α]D27= +135° (2) and −136° (3)}. The structures resolved through single crystal X‐ray diffraction technique disclosed the distorted square planar geometry of the complexes. Transfer hydrogenation (TH) reactions of ketones were carried out in order to appraise the catalytic efficiency of the complexes. Remarkably, the TH results were promising for all the complexes, however, the chiral complexes (2 and 3) failed to induce chirality. Further probe led us to believe that the pincer complexes turned into Pd particles in situ and the later acted as an active catalyst. The scope of TH was extended to various substituted aromatic and heterocyclic ketones (Conversions=75–99%).
Controllable Synthesis of MoS2/Carbon Nanotube Hybrids with Enlarged Interlayer Spacings for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xu Wenwen , Dong Xiaoli , Wang Yu , Zheng Nan , Zheng Bingrong , Lin Qing , Zhao Yilin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHydrogen, as a clean, affordable and reliable energy, is one of the important roles in clean energy conversion. In order to meet the demand of current energy, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has attracted considerable attention as an effective process to produce hydrogen from water. Herein, we report a simple solvothermal synthesis of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrids with enlarged interlayer distances ranging from 8.9 to 9.7 Å through controlling the CNTs loadings. The synergistic effects between CNTs and the layered MoS2 result in the high electrocatalytic activity for HER. MoS2/CNT‐2 catalyst with the enlarged lattice spacing of 9.7 Å shows the enhanced overpotential with 210 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2, 56 mV dec−1 Tafel slope, and good stability over 1000 cycles. This work provides a facile way to the fabrication of efficient MoS2‐based catalysts via modulating the interlayer spacing of MoS2 nanosheets.
Research on the game of network security attack‐defense confrontation through the optimal defense strategy
Authors: Liu Fei , Gao Hongyan , Wei Zegang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the complication of attack means, the network security technology needs new changes. This study analyzed the establishment of the game model and strategy selection in the process of network security attack and defense confrontation. Firstly, the relevant theory of game theory was introduced; then the network attack and defense game model was established; the components of the model were analyzed; and finally, the Nash equilibrium of the hybrid strategy was solved to obtain the optimal defense strategy. The simulation results showed that the method could find the best attack and defense strategy {a3, d4} in the complex hybrid strategy. The calculation of payoff verified the correctness of the strategy. The experimental results show that the application of the attack‐defense confrontation in the network security field is feasible and it can effectively generate optimal attack‐defense strategy to realize network security.