bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of W doping on phase transition behavior and dielectric relaxation of CuMoO4 obtained by a modified sol-gel method
Authors: Wu Xiusheng , Fu Chao , Cao Jufang , Gu Chunye , Liu Wei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Tungsten (W)-doped copper molybdate (CuMo1−xWxO4, x = 0∼0.12) compounds were prepared by the sol-gel method. The effects of doping content on the phase transition behavior and dielectric properties of CuMo1−xWxO4 (x = 0∼0.12) were investigated. X-ray diffraction and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy clarified that W doping facilitated the transition of green α-phase to brown γ-phase. The chemical composition and structure of the CuMo1−xWxO4 (x = 0∼0.12) were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectra. The dielectric spectra of CuMo1−xWxO4 at −130 °C∼150 °C and the color-change of CuMo0.94W0.06O4 at 20 °C∼50 °C illustrated that the phase-transition temperature moves toward high temperature with increasing W. The functional relationship between the electrical modulus M’ and the frequency (1 Hz∼10 MHz) indicated that there are two dielectric relaxation mechanisms for CuMo1−xWxO4, which correspond to the polarization relaxation caused by hopping motion of polaron at low-temperature region (R1) and the relaxation dominated by oxygen vacancies at high temperatures (R2). It has also been confirmed that the phase transition of relaxation type exists in CuMo1−xWxO4, and that R1 occurs in γ-phase and R2 occurs in α-phase. It is of great significance to establish the dielectric relationship between phase transition and relaxation. With the content of W, the intensity of relaxation peak and activation energy of R1 did not change too much, but the relaxation behavior of R2 was inhibited and the activation energy increased gradually. The above results show that dielectric spectra are an important discovery as a new method to study the phase transition of materials, and is conducive to exploring the motion state of micro-particles. The control of phase-transition temperature is of great significance for this thermochromic material as a temperature sensor.
Effect of defocused plane on entrance and exit hole geometry of high grade steel 18CrNi8 during percussion drilling by Nd:YAG millisecond laser system
Authors: Nawaz Saad , Kashif Muhammad , Abbas Naseem , Farooq Muhammad , Farhan Muhammad , Amjad Muhammad , Noor Fahad , Naqvi Rizwan Ali 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Modern manufacturing industries prefer laser drilling processes owing to the adequate controlled drilling in comparison with existing alternatives. The presented experimental study mainly accounts defocusing impact along with other technical parameters and optimization of Nd:YAG millisecond pulsed laser drilling; and finally their influence on the entrance and exit holes profile. The key technical parameters such as pulse frequency, pulse width and assisting gas pressure with respect to different defocused focal plane are explored experimentally for the percussion laser drilling of high grade steel 18CrNi8. Experiment results revealed that increase in defocusing distance has caused an increment in hole entrance diameter; however, with different defocusing distance, the entrance diameter increasing rate keep changing. Different trends of increasing and decreasing diameter at entrance and exit are recorded and investigated with respect to work-piece defocusing positions. The defocusing variation of laser beam has been investigated with the hole profile, changing from straight hole to tapered blind hole. Which leads to conclusive and optimized results for obtaining optimal hole profile (at entrance and exit). The optimum parametric combinations for attaining lower heat treatment effects are also discussed for superior hole quality.
Relationship Between Olfactory Disturbance After Acute Ischemic Stroke and Latent Thalamic Hypoperfusion
Authors: Okamoto Kazuhiro , Shiga Hideaki , Nakamura Hisako , Matsui Makoto , Miwa Takaki 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Odor detection, recognition, and identification were assessed in 19 acute ischemic stroke patients who had no magnetic resonance imaging-detectable thalamic lesions but in whom technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer single photon emission tomography revealed thalamic hypoperfusion. Although these patients were unaware of reduced olfactory function, they exhibited significantly lower scores in tests for odor identification and recognition threshold as compared with 9 ischemic stroke controls that had normal thalamic hypoperfusion. However, absolute odor detection thresholds were similar in the 2 groups. These results demonstrate the usefulness of cerebral perfusion scintigraphy in assessing sensory loss after ischemic stroke and provide further evidence for the role of the thalamus in olfaction.
Sarcopaenia complicating heart failure
Authors: Fonseca Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da , von Haehling Stephan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSarcopaenia is defined as reduced skeletal muscle mass associated with either a decline in muscle strength or low physical performance. It has been shown to affect 17.5% of people worldwide, with a prevalence of 20% or higher in patients with heart failure (HF). Sarcopaenia has severe impact on mortality, physical capacity, and quality of life. Even though several mechanisms, such as autonomic imbalance, reduced muscle blood flow, increased inflammation, hormonal alterations, increased apoptosis, and autophagy have been proposed to fuel the pathogenesis of sarcopaenia, additional studies assessing the interaction of these conditions need to be conducted to elucidate how the presence of sarcopaenia can exacerbate the progression of HF and vice-versa. Resistance training combined with nutritional protein intake seems to be effective in the treatment of sarcopaenia, although current pharmacotherapies have not been extensively studied with this endpoint in mind. In conclusion, sarcopaenia is interwoven with HF and leads to worse exercise capacity in these patients. The mechanisms associated with this bilateral relationship between sarcopaenia and HF are still to be elucidated, leading to effective treatment, not only for the heart, but also for the skeletal muscle.
An L
p-Functional Busemann–Petty Centroid Inequality
Authors: Haddad Julián E , Jiménez Carlos Hugo , da Silva Letícia A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
For a convex body $K\subset \mathbb{R}^n$, let $\Gamma _pK$ be its $L_p$-centroid body. The $L_p$-Busemann–Petty centroid inequality states that $\operatorname{vol}(\Gamma _pK) \geq \operatorname{vol}(K)$, with equality if and only if $K$ is an ellipsoid centered at the origin. In this work, we prove inequalities for a type of functional $L_r$-mixed volume for $1 \leq r &lt; n$ and establish, as a consequence, a functional version of the $L_p$-Busemann–Petty centroid inequality.
48 The impact of new technologies on livestock breeding; what’s next?
Authors: Dekkers Jack C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Over the past decade, genomics has had tremendous impact on livestock breeding through genomic selection, which allows genetic gain based on available phenotypic records to be improved by leveraging information contained in a phenotype across all selection candidates at an early age, rather than only across close relatives. Apart from increasing and optimizing size and structure of training data, further improvement of genomic selection requires information on QTL, in order to reduce the “data noise” that is created by uninformative SNPs. Gene editing provides additional opportunities by either creating new beneficial genetic variation with large effects (e.g. disease resistance) or by rapidly increasing the frequency of favorable QTL alleles. Epigenetic manipulation of embryos is another genomics technology on the horizon. Reproductive technologies will continue to impact livestock breeding, as technologies such as AI, ET, IVEP, and semen sexing have. Novel technologies are surrogate sire technology and in vitro meiosis. Other technology opportunities lie in the area of precision phenotyping and precision animal breeding. Driven by advances in high-throughput sensor technology, precision phenotyping allows for more data to be collected to evaluate genetic merit. The ability to capitalize on this data for genetic improvement requires enhanced knowledge of the biological mechanisms that underlie traits of interest. The combination of genomics, precision phenotypic, and knowledge (and ultimately modelling) of the underlying biological mechanisms and how these mechanisms are impacted by environment and its interaction with genetics will allow implementation of “precision animal breeding.” The latter involves more accurate prediction of the outcome of specific matings in a specific environment in terms of a comprehensive breeding goal that includes animal wellbeing and sustainability. Integrating detailed mechanistic models of animal performance in an environment into genetic evaluation methods that enable prediction of genetic merit for underlying biological traits will enable precision animal breeding.
PSVI-25 Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica and Moraxella spp. of bovine origin pre- and post- treatment with antimicrobials in calves
Authors: Migura-Garcia Lourdes , Marti Sonia , Aris Anna , Rozas Ana Perez de , Tejero Carolina , Torra Josep , Pujols Joan , Devant Maria 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The current production system involves movement of calves combined with mixing animals, favouring the transmission of respiratory pathogens and increasing the risk of using antimicrobials. The aim of the study was to determine the presence and resistant profiles of Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica and Moraxella in the lungs of calves at arrival to the farm and after treatment with tulathromycin and florfenicol. Thoracic ultrasonography was performed in two batches of calves (n = 65 and 120, age=26±11.0, weight=45-55kg) at arrival, to select 27 calves/batch with lesions from low to severe. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected on arrival (D0), D20 and D34, and also on D7 for the second batch. Pasteurella, Mannheimia and Moraxella were identified by VITEK. Detection of Mycoplasma bovis was performed by PCR. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for 18 antimicrobials. Clinical breakpoints were defined by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. ERIC-PCR was performed in all isolates to assess similarities. Time effect was analysed by MIXED Procedure (SAS). At D0, 16 out of 54 BALFs contained P. multocida (n = 11), M. haemolytica (n = 5) and Moraxella (n = 4). The number of calves positive for primary pathogens decreased (P &lt; 0.001) at D7 and D20, whereas by D34 positive animals leapt up to 21. MIC results demonstrated that P. multocida and M. haemolytica obtained at D0 were pansusceptible. Isolates of P. multocida collected after treatment, exhibited resistance to oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, danofloxacin and enrofloxacin. ERIC-PCR demonstrated similar profiles of P. multocida and Moraxellain the two batches of calves after D7. Primary pathogens were susceptible to the initial treatment, however M. bovis was detected in all animals after D7. Resistant species appeared to recolonize the lungs after D34. ERIC-profile demonstrated that isolates recovered after treatment were different from those colonizing the lungs at arrival, suggesting recirculation of resistant bacteria between batches.
PSVII-16 Dietary creatine and sulfur amino acids for finishing gilts
Authors: Sitanaka Natália Y , Esteves Lucas Antonio C , Murakami Alice , Gasparino Eliane , Khatlab Angélica , Pozza Paulo Cesar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary creatine and SID methionine+cysteine (Met+Cys) levels on the performance, blood parameters and gene expression of the creatine transporter (SLC6A8) in finishing gilts. Forty gilts, averaging 75.26 ± 0.87 kg of initial weight, were distributed in a randomized blocks design in a 2x2 factorial scheme, consisting of two creatine monohydrate (CMH) supplementation levels (0.00 and 0.10%) and two levels of SID Met+Cys (0.40 and 0.44%, considering 0.44% as the requirement), with 10 replicates. DL methionine was used to ensure the dietary SID Met+Cys levels. Upon reaching a mean weight of 100± 5.85, blood was collected for the determination of urea, creatinine, lactate, glucose and homocysteine plasma concentrations. Afterwards, the gilts were slaughtered for the collection of Longissimus dorsi muscle samples, for further determination of the gene expression of the creatine transporter (SLC6A8). No interactions (P &gt; 0.05) we observed between the CMH and SID Met+Cys on the performance and gene expression of the SLC6A8 transporter, and also were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by the dietary levels of CMH or SID Met+Cys, individually. However, there was an interaction (P = 0.03) between SID Met+Cys and CMH levels on the plasma creatinine concentration, showing a lower (P = 0.018) concentration (6.40 mg/dL) supplementing 0.10% CMH than not supplementing (8.96 mg/dL), only at 0.44% of SID Met+Cys. There were no interactions (P &gt; 0.05) between SID Met+Cys and CMH on the other blood parameters, and also no individual effects were observed for the studied factors. It is concluded that supplementing 0.10% CMH reduced plasma creatinine concentration only at conventionally dietary SID Met+Cys level (0.44%), not affecting other blood parameters, growth performance and the gene expression of the creatine transporter SLC6A8 of finishing gilts.
Feed additive blends fed to nursery pigs challenged with Salmonella
Authors: Fabà Lluís , Litjens Ralph , Allaart Janneke , van den Hil Petra Roubos- 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Salmonella in pigs is a concern for human foodborne salmonellosis. Dietary fungal fermented products, coated butyrate, and organic acids (OAs) may be promising control strategies. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate in vitro binding affinity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typh) and Enteritidis (S. Ent), and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 or F18 to mannan-rich hydrolyzed copra meal (MCM) and fermented rye (FR) with Agaricus subrufescens; and (ii) to assess MCM and FR efficacy to control in vivo S. Typh shedding when combined with OAs and compared with coated butyrate strategy. A 31-d study included 32 pigs [6.29 ± 0.76 kg BW] individually housed and distributed into four dietary treatments: control diet; OA.BU, 4 kg/t OA plus 6 kg/t coated butyrate; OA.MCM, 4 kg/t OA plus 1 kg/t MCM; and OA.FR, 4 kg/t OA plus 2 kg/t FR. All pigs were challenged for 7 d with 1 mL S. Typh (109 colony forming units daily) at 10 d postweaning. Temperature and fecal samples were collected before and after challenge, and fecal Salmonella shedding quantified. Diarrhea scores were monitored daily and growth performance was evaluated weekly. In vitro, culture with MCM and FR showed significant (P &lt; 0.01) binding affinity for both S. Typh and S. Ent, but not for ETEC F4 and F18. In vivo, pigs fed OA.MCM and OA.FR had lower (P &lt; 0.05) shedding and day 3 peak shedding of S. Typh after infections than pigs fed control and OA.BU diets. Pigs fed OA.FR diet tended to have an 18% increase (P = 0.068) in BW on day 14 post first inoculation compared with control and OA.BU, and 19% increased (P = 0.093) final BW at day 21 compared with control. Diarrhea frequency post infection was overall lower (P = 0.006) for OA.FR (18.9%) than OA.BU (44.8%) and OA.MCM (41.7%) while control (28.7%) was not different. In conclusion, FR and MCM show in vitro-binding affinity to Salmonella enterica serovars Typh and Ent. Feeding FR or MCM combined with OA to nursery pigs reduces the peak and averages S. Typh shedding compared with control. Fermented rye with OA tends to improve pig performance after S. Typh challenge.
Possibility of BKV-Associated Nephropathy in Hospitalized Burn Patients
Authors: Emami Amir , Pirbonyeh Neda , Moattari Afagh , Keshavarzi Abdolkhalegh , Javanmardi Fatemeh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Although renal failure in burn patients results from some defined reasons, there are various causes which are still unclear. BK virus is a human polyomavirus, which, in case of reactivation, can cause late-onset renal dysfunction and cystitis among immunodeficient patients such as transplant, pregnant, diabetic, and HIV patients. Regarding the related challenges, Polyomavirus BK (BKV), as a ubiquitous virus, is considered as one of the potential threats in the occurrence of Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PAN). Hypovolemia, occurring due to the weakness of the immune system, may be regarded as the major reason for the possibility of PAN as a risk factor in burn patients. Accordingly, this study was designed to evaluate the reactivation of BKV as a probable risk factor for renal failure or a problem in the future life of burn patients. This case–control study was conducted from October 2014 to September 2016, during which 270 patients were admitted to the burn unit. The patients were divided into two groups of case and control according to the inclusion criteria, and 20 patients were assigned to each group. The serum samples were first assessed for BKV-IgG and then were quantified by specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for BKV load. Positive samples were assessed for changes in noncoding regulatory region (NCRR) compared to Archetype strain by PCR sequencing method. Amplified sequences were analyzed for NCRR arrangement while the reactivation was assessed through these changes in NCRR. In both groups, patients were seropositive for BKV-IgG. Eight patients (40%) in the case group and two patients (10%) in the control group were found to be positive for BKV DNA with a load of ≥1000 and ≥100 copies/ml, respectively. There was a significant association between BKV DNA and kidney injury in the case group. The NCRR of DNA-positive samples had a large rearrangement compared to standard strain, but they showed relatively high similarity. Compared with other patients, burn patients are among the most susceptible ones to PAN, which can be considered as a major risk factor in the treatment of burn patients and optimizing their therapy.
Integron-Related Resistance in New Emerged Staphylococcus lugdunensis Infection in Burn Patients
Authors: Pirbonyeh Neda , Emami Amir , Bazargani Abdollah , Javanmardi Fatemeh , Hosseini Seyed Mohsen , Derakhshan Bahram 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species that may cause various infections with unusual severity. In spite of the administration of various antibiotics, infections caused by such bacteria are become resistant significantly. Transmission of antibiotic resistance genes, especially by Integron structures, exacerbates the prevalence of resistant strains. To investigate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of S. lugdunensis as a new emergence in burns, the presence of integron classes (I, II, III) was performed in recent study. Sampling for this study was carried out over a period of 13 months (January 2017 to February 2018) from Amir-Al-Momenin burn center of southwest of Iran, affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Twenty-eight isolates of S. lugdunensis were confirmed by phenotypic tests. The presence of integron classes was evaluated by PCR technique and specific primers. The majority of studied infectious agents were seen in ICU with 28.57%. The prevalence of class I and II integrons was 7 (25.00%) and 2 (7.14%), respectively, in S. lugdunensis isolates, whereas no integron III was found. No significant association was seen between antibiotic resistance and the present integrons (P &gt; .05). Since the prevalence of S. lugdunensis strains as a new emergence infection is increasing in clinical settings especially burns, preventing drug resistance in these isolates is inevitable. So knowing the epidemiology pattern of new emerging infections and their resistant pattern is very helpful in infection control and save hospitalized patients life.
From Peacekeepers to Parties to the Conflict: An IHL’s Appraisal of the Role of UN Peace Operations in NIACs
Authors: Maganza Bianca 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article analyses the application of international humanitarian law (IHL) to UN ‘peace operations’ when, due to their factual involvement in hostilities, they become parties to a non-international armed conflict. It argues that the notion of party to the conflict allows to focus on the collective entity and its obligations, and to infer the status of individual members of the operation from the mission's collective status. In assessing the consequences of that scenario, the article further discusses the external and internal borders of the scope of the notion of party to the conflict as applied to UN peace operations, and examines the impact of the loss of protection from attack on the principle of distinction. It concludes by suggesting that, in light of the increasing involvement of UN peace operations in situations that factually amount to armed conflict, an evolutionary interpretation of the theory of IHL's application to the situation is needed.
Starvation in Armed Conflicts
Authors: Hutter Simone 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Armed conflict can cause food shortages, which continue long after the fighting is over, and increase the chance that a famine may occur. When it occurs during the context of an armed conflict, death resulting from hunger is tolerated by the international community. Yet, the prevention or alleviation of famines, even within environmentally precarious regions, is often within human control. This gives rise to the following questions. Can a state use the outbreak of an armed conflict as an excuse to remain passive while starvation takes its course? Is it justified for a state to allocate most of its resources to its military operations, while claiming to have difficulties to collect sufficient resources to meet its minimum core obligations under international human rights law? This article aims to clarify these complex questions and elaborates on how the framework of human rights law includes provisions to prevent starvation in armed conflicts. With a focus on the right to food, this analysis scrutinizes the human rights-based obligations to respect, protect and fulfil, which impose clear duties on states with respect to famines. As it is generally accepted that international human rights law continues to apply in situations of armed conflict, both human rights law and international humanitarian law apply simultaneously in these scenarios. The analysis thus also examines the complex relationship between obligations under human rights law and humanitarian law and the influence of the former on the assessment of latter. Finally, the article touches upon the scope of obligations held by armed non-state actors.