bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ritual Time, Civil Time, and Cosmic Time: Three Co-Existing Temporalities in Premodern Islamic Society
Authors: Thomann Johannes 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Most studies on time in the premodern Islamic world have focused on philosophical and theological aspects of time. The present article concentrates on time practices in daily life. Iconic for Muslim time practices are the five daily prayers, the weekly Friday prayer, the yearly fasting in the month of Ramaḍān, and the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime. They all have the character of a time-out from everyday routine and are well characterized by the term “ritual time.” For work, business and administration, the day and night are divided into twelve hours each, the seasonal hours. It is appropriate to call that “civil time.” Besides these two forms of time practices, a third is based on astrological concepts. The daily changing aspects which the moon forms with the sun and the planets are taken as favorable or unfavorable signs for particular actions, and enabled the individual to organize his or her life in accordance with the heavenly bodies. It seems apt to call that “cosmic time.”
The Legitimating Power of Discourse
Authors: Menshawy Mustafa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this article, I examine a corpus of texts that address the 1973 war; these texts cover the period from 1981 to 2011, marking the beginning and end of Hosni Mubarak’s rule. Utilizing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), I explore how Mubarak’s regime employed the war to legitimize its power and defend its policies by deploying longstanding culturally-embedded ‘macro themes’. These macro themes refer to the war as an overwhelming and undisputed ‘Egyptian victory’ and, more significantly, they portray Mubarak himself as ‘war personified/war personalized’. The analysis of linguistic and extra-linguistic features in al-Ahram newspaper (the mouthpiece of the state), among other media texts on the war, show how the discursive construction was made consistent, coherent and resonant in a managed context that characterized the political and media landscapes. Depending on unique access to those who produced, edited and even censored the texts under analysis, this method unravels a complex set of cultural messages and conventions about the war, and fills a lacuna in the literature by offering insight into the deliberate and well-coordinated process of shaping and reshaping a specific discourse for a specific purpose.
What Kinds of Atmospheric Anomalies Drive Wintertime North Pacific Basin-Scale Subtropical Oceanic Front Intensity Variation?
Authors: Zhang Ran , Fang Jiabei , Yang Xiu-Qun 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe basin-scale subtropical oceanic front zone (STFZ) is a key region for midlatitude air–sea interaction in the North Pacific. However, previous studies considered midlatitude sea surface temperature (SST) variabilities as a response to atmospheric stochastic forcing. With reanalysis and observational data, this study investigates what kinds of atmospheric anomalies drive the wintertime North Pacific STFZ intensity variation. Lead correlations show that prior to the STFZ’s enhancement, there exist persistent atmospheric anomalies characterized by a negative-phase Arctic Oscillation (AO) and a positive-phase Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern, lasting for up to 80 and 50 days and peaking at 20- and 8-day leads, respectively. It is further found that the long-lasting negative-phase AO is conducive to stronger low-tropospheric baroclinicity at around 40°N over North Pacific where there is a climatological baroclinic region. The stronger baroclinicity leads to more synoptic transient eddy activities, promoting an equivalent barotropic low geopotential height anomaly north of STFZ via transient eddy vorticity forcing. The geopotential height anomaly propagates downstream, triggering a PNA-like pattern. With such an AO-promoted atmospheric internal wave–flow feedback, the regional PNA pattern is intensified and embedded in the annular AO mode, accompanied with an intensified Aleutian low and surface westerly wind that peak at an 8-day lead, preconditioning a persistent (nonstochastic) atmospheric forcing on the STFZ. The intensified surface westerly predominantly tends to drive a southward Ekman transport and increase upward surface turbulent heat fluxes into the atmosphere through increasing surface wind speed and sea–air temperature difference, amplifying the underlying negative SST anomaly and cross-frontal meridional SST gradient, ultimately intensifying the STFZ.
Investigating the Relationship between the Evaporative Stress Index and Land Surface Conditions in the Contiguous United States
Authors: Zhong Yafang , Otkin Jason A. , Anderson Martha C. , Hain Christopher 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite the key importance of soil moisture–evapotranspiration (ET) coupling in the climate system, limited availability of soil moisture and ET observations poses a major impediment for investigation of this coupling regarding spatiotemporal characteristics and potential modifications under climate change. To better understand and quantify soil moisture–ET coupling and relevant processes, this study takes advantage of in situ soil moisture observations from the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) for the time period of 2010–17 and a satellite-derived version of the evapotranspiration stress index (ESI), which represents anomalies in a normalized ratio of actual to reference ET. The analyses reveal strong seasonality and regional characteristics of the ESI–land surface interactions across the United States, with the strongest control of soil moisture on the ESI found in the southern Great Plains during spring, and in the north-central United States, the northern Great Plains, and the Pacific Northwest during summer. In drier climate regions such as the northern Great Plains and north-central United States, soil moisture control on the ESI is confined to surface soil layers, with subsurface soil moisture passively responding to changes in the ESI. The soil moisture–ESI interaction is more uniform between surface and subsurface soils in wetter regions with higher vegetation cover. These results provide a benchmark for simulation of soil moisture–ET coupling and are useful for projection of associated climate processes in the future.
The mental health of culturally and linguistically diverse offenders – what do we know?
Authors: Rose Arran , Shepherd Stephane M , Ogloff James R P 
Published: May 2020

Objective: A key challenge facing justice health service providers is addressing and treating the high rates of mental illness among offenders. It is well documented that rates of mental illness are substantially higher within prison populations compared to the general population. As such, the need to provide ongoing treatment to prisoners experiencing mental health issues is of fundamental importance. Prisoners experiencing mental health disorders are more likely to have poorer social outcomes on release, including a greater likelihood of recidivism and poorer health outcomes. The growing numbers of justice-involved individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds signal the need for justice systems to adapt to the changing demographic. Conclusions: In this commentary, we argue that greater efforts to explore the nature and prevalence of mental illness among CALD groups in custody, where such concerns are often intertwined with additional complex personal, environmental and historical criminogenic risk factors, are desperately needed to improve system responses and reduce recidivism.
Reoperation Profile of Lateral vs Anterior Approach Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Gagné Oliver J. , Penner Murray , Wing Kevin , Veljkovic Andrea , Younger Alastair S. 
Published: May 2020

Background: The operative procedure for a total ankle replacement (TAR) is intimately associated with the prosthetic design. The anterior and lateral approaches both have pros and cons regarding their respective soft tissue complications, osteotomy requirements, orientation of the bone cut, and gutter visualization. Although both have been studied independently, few reports have compared both in the same setting. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the difference in reoperation rate after lateral or anterior approach ankle arthroplasty. We hypothesized that the anterior approach had a higher rate of wound complications. Methods: We evaluated data from a single center collected between 2014 and 2017, comprising a total of 115 total ankle replacements performed by 1 of 4 fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeons. Reoperations were recorded as an operative report with classification by Canadian Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (COFAS) Reoperations Coding System (CROCS). The index approach used was determined by the surgeon’s practice preference. Patients were included when they had a primary TAR in the time frame noted and had a complete data set up to at least 2 years after surgery. The cohort comprised 67 anterior and 48 lateral operations with balanced demographics for age (95% CI: 63-67 years) and gender (47% F). The lateral group had more complex cases with higher COFAS type arthritis (more periarticular arthritis and surrounding deformity). Results: Comparing the 2 groups, a total of 40 reoperations (7 anterior [A], 33 lateral [L]) occurred in 27 patients (5 A, 22 L). One patient had 4 related reoperations. The only revision was in the anterior group. The only soft tissue reconstruction was a split-thickness skin graft in the lateral group. Nine reoperations were irrigation debridement related to an infection or wound complication (3 A, 6 L). The majority (19/33) of reoperations in the lateral group were gutter debridement (8) or lateral hardware removal (11). Operative time was statistically different at 145 minutes (95% CI: 127-164 minutes) in anterior TAR and 178 minutes (95% CI: 154-202 minutes) for lateral TAR ( P = .0058). The odds ratio of having any reoperation with a lateral approach TAR was 6.19 compared to the anterior group. Conclusion: The results at the 2-year time point demonstrated that there were more reoperations after a lateral approach TAR than an anterior TAR, recognizing the significant case complexity imbalance between the groups and a corresponding relative increase in resource utilization of lateral TAR patients. The 2 implant designs were associated with different reoperation rates, favoring the anterior group. Change in the lateral fixation may have reduced the risk of repeat surgery. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative series.
State Policy and Lobbying in a Federal System: Evidence from the Production Tax Credit for Renewable Energy, 1998–2012
Authors: Kim Sung Eun , Urpelainen Johannes , Yang Joonseok 
Published: May 2020

AbstractState policies shape firms’ incentives to lobby in the United States, but the existing lobbying literature mostly ignores these incentives. Using lobbying records for all electric utilities in the United States from 1998 to 2012, we examine how state policies affect federal lobbying by both proponents and opponents of federal support for the renewable energy policy. Our theory predicts that supportive state policies reduce the returns to lobbying by both proponents and opponents. Empirically, we show that when the federal production tax credit for renewable energy is about to expire, electric utilities from states without renewable portfolio standards become more likely to lobby than those from states with these policies. Because the timing of the expiration of the production tax credit is quasi-random, these findings carry a causal interpretation. Using text analysis techniques, we also show that the lobbying efforts are focused on energy and environmental issues while lobbying on unrelated topics remains unaffected.
Semaphorin 3F Serves as a Tumor Suppressor in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and is Associated With Lymph Node Metastasis in Disease Progression
Authors: Xie Zhen , Li Tianyue , Huang Bingtao , Liu Shuai , Zhang Lianguo , Zhang Qingguang 
Published: May 2020

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is one of the leading aggressive malignancies with high mortality. Semaphorin 3F has been reported to be involved in lymphangiogenesis by interacting the vascular endothelial growth factor C/neuropilin 2 axis. This study aimed to assess the clinical and functional role of semaphorin 3F and preliminarily evaluate the relationship between semaphorin 3F and lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: The messenger RNA expression of semaphorin 3F was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression differences of semaphorin 3F between patients having esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with and without lymph node metastasis were assessed, and the correlation of semaphorin 3F with vascular endothelial growth factor C and neuropilin 2 was estimated. The prognostic value of semaphorin 3F was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis. Gain- and loss-functional cell experiments were performed to explore the biological function of semaphorin 3F, vascular endothelial growth factor C, and neuropilin 2. Results: The messenger RNA expression of semaphorin 3F was reduced in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with normal tissues, and lower semaphorin 3F expression was observed in patients having esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with positive lymph node metastasis. Semaphorin 3F expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and negatively correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor C and neuropilin 2. Lower semaphorin 3F expression was related to a poor overall survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and served as an independent prognostic indicator. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells, semaphorin 3F messenger RNA expression was also decreased compared with normal cells, and the overexpression of semaphorin 3F could significantly inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor C and neuropilin 2 could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Conclusion: All data indicate that semaphorin 3F serves as a potential prognostic biomarker and tumor suppressor of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and may be involved in the lymph node metastasis development through regulating neuropilin 2.
Retinoid analogs and polyphenols as potential therapeutics for age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Parmar Tanu , Ortega Joseph T , Jastrzebska Beata 
Published: May 2020

Progressive retinal degeneration manifesting as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the elderly affects millions of individuals worldwide. Among various blinding diseases, AMD is the leading cause of central vision impairment in developed countries. Poor understanding of AMD etiology hampers the development of therapeutics against this devastating ocular disease. Currently, daily intravitreal injections of anti-angiogenic drugs, preventing abnormal vessel growth are the only treatment option for wet AMD. However, for dry AMD associated with retinal atrophy, at present there is no cure available. Recent clinical research has demonstrated beneficial effects of plant-derived compounds for various eye disorders. Thus, the ongoing efforts toward discovering efficient treatments preventing or delaying AMD progression focus on implementing a healthy diet rich in vitamins, including vitamin A, E, and C, minerals and carotenoids, in particular lutein and zeaxanthin, to reduce the disease burden. In addition, studies in cell culture and animal models indicated therapeutic potential of dietary polyphenolic compounds present in fruits and vegetables. These natural compounds protect visual function and retinal morphology likely due to their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Although understanding of the exact mechanism of these compounds’ positive effects requires further investigation, they provide non-invasive alternative to battle AMD-like condition. Additionally, studies carried in animal models mimicking AMD-like pathology, examining the pharmacological potential of particular retinoid analogs, demonstrated promising results for their use, and thus they should be considered as an option in developing therapies for AMD. In here, we summarize the most current knowledge regarding developments of therapeutic options to maintain ocular health and prevent vision loss associated with aging. Impact statement Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a devastating retinal degenerative disease. Epidemiological reports showed an expected increasing prevalence of AMD in the near future. The only one existing FDA-approved pharmacological treatment involves an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy with serious disadvantages. This limitation emphasizes an alarming need to develop new therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat AMD. In this review, we summarize scientific data unraveling the therapeutic potential of the specific retinoid and natural compounds. The experimental results reported by us and other research groups demonstrated that retinoid analogs and compounds with natural product scaffolds could serve as lead compounds for the development of new therapeutic agents with potential to prevent or slow down the pathogenesis of AMD.
Inter-observer variation of Syntax score among cardiac surgeons, clinical and interventional cardiologists
Authors: de Araujo Gustavo Neves , Leiria Tiago Luiz Luz , Furtado Mariana Vargas , Matte Bruno da Silva , Machado Guilherme Pinheiro , Krepsky Ana Maria , Bergoli Luiz Carlos Corsetti , Goncalves Sandro Cadaval , Wainstein Marco Vugman , Polanczyk Carisi Anne 
Published: May 2020

Background: Despite the complexity of SYNTAX score (SS), guidelines recommend this tool to help choosing between coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with left main of three-vessel coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to compare the inter-observer variation in SS performed by clinical cardiologists (CC), interventional cardiologists (IC), and cardiac surgeons (CS). Methods: Seven coronary angiographies from patients with left main and/or three-vessel disease chosen by a heart team were analyzed by 10 CC, 10 IC and 10 CS. SS was calculated via SYNTAX website. Results: Kappa concordance was very low between CC and CS (k = 0.176), moderate between CS and IC (k = 0.563), and moderate between CC and IC (0.553). There was a statistically significant difference between CC, who classified more cases as low complexity (70%), and CS, who classified more cases as moderate complexity (80%) ( p = 0.041). Conclusion: Concordance between SS analyzed by CC, CS and IC is low. The usefulness of SS in decision-making of revascularization strategy is undeniable and evidence supports its use. However, this study highlights the importance of well-trained professionals on calculating the SS. It could avoid misclassification of borderline cases.
The Correlation Between Visibility and Medical Staff Collaborative Communication in Emergency Departments
Authors: Gharaveis Arsalan , Pati Debajyoti , Hamilton D. Kirk , Shepley Mardelle , Rodiek Susan , Najarian Mohammad 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: This study empirically investigates the correlation between visibility and nurses and physicians’ collaborative communication in emergency departments (EDs). The researchers hypothesized that higher visibility levels in EDs are associated with higher collaborative communication among nurses and physicians. Background: The review of related literature addresses the role of communication in EDs, and more specifically, how visibility has been found to affect nurse and physician behavior in healthcare facilities. Method: The visibility levels in four EDs within the same hospital system were quantitatively measured in this study. Also, the communication levels among medical staff were explored by two methods. Data collection included computerized floor plan analyses, observations, and surveys. Results: The researchers found statistically significant relationships between several underlying dimensions of ED visibility and collaborative communication among the medical staff members. Conclusion: Understanding the role of visibility provides a critical design principle for future EDs. The enhancement of ED design helps nurses and physicians to benefit from supportive environments.
Severe Neovascular Glaucoma Exacerbation as a Complication of Carotid Artery Stenting: A Case Report
Authors: Mannava Sishir , Torres Luis F. , DeSousa Keith G. , Yavagal Dileep R. , Yannuzzi Nicolas A. , Flynn Harry W. , Malik Amer M. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) has been rarely reported as an acute complication of carotid endarterectomy, but there is scant literature available regarding this potential condition following carotid artery stenting (CAS). We present a case of severe worsening of NVG occurring after bilateral CAS with progressive deterioration of vision ultimately leading to blindness. Case Description: A 66-year-old male with multiple stroke risk factors, bilateral cataract extraction, proliferative diabetic retinopathy of left eye, and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy of right eye, and prior left eye pars plana vitrectomy presented with episodes of transient right eye vision loss in context of bilateral high-grade internal carotid artery stenoses. He underwent right CAS with subsequent elevation of bilateral intraocular pressures (IOPs) concerning for acute NVG. Over time, the patient had some interval improvement in IOPs and underwent planned left CAS. After the procedure, he again developed elevated IOPs, concerning for acute NVG which eventually led to right eye pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage and refractory IOP elevation. At 6-month follow-up from initial stenting, the patient was blind in both eyes. Discussion: We present a case of recurrent IOP elevations following CAS eventually resulting in bilateral eye blindness. This case is important not only as an illustration of an underrecognized postprocedural CAS complication but also as a demonstration of likely elevated risk of NVG following CAS for patients with other predisposing risk factors for ocular hypertension such as glaucoma, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, prior cataract extraction, and prior pars plana vitrectomy.