bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Design of Sound Insulation Frequency Band of Local Resonance Membrane Material
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhou Qizheng , Wang Deshi , Gao Shengyao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to broaden the sound insulation frequency band of local resonance membrane materials, established an acoustic-vibration coupling model of multilayer membrane materials, based on the derived analytical solutions of the coupling equations. Simulate the sound insulation performance of the designed single-layer membrane materials with four different mass structures. Then combine different membrane materials to analyse the changes in the sound insulation frequency band. Calculations proves that: (1) The four single-layer membrane structures have a maximum TL peak of 40.08dB and the frequency of the smallest TL peak is at 204.56Hz in the frequency range of 100-1000Hz.(2) Combination of two same structures will significantly increase the sound insulation at the sound insulation peak;(3) The combination of single-layer membrane with different structures can broaden the sound insulation frequency band and enhance the sound insulation performance.
Evolutionary Game Analysis of Supervisory Decision Behavior of Third-party Trading Platform
Authors: Yang Yanbing , Zhang Qin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper constructs an asymmetric evolutionary game model between the “government-platform-consumer” three parties, uses Jacobian matrix and Lyapunov’s first method to analyze its replication dynamic equation, and discusses the influence of the main parameters on the agent’s decision-making behavior. Then, MATLAB simulation was used to demonstrate the gradual trend in different situations, with a view to providing a decision-making reference for the benign development of the third-party trading platform.
Option Pricing with Transaction Costs under the Subdiffusive Mixed Fractional Brownian Motion
Authors: Miao Jie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper probes into the issue of option pricing with transaction costs under the subdiffusive mixed fractional Brownian motion. Under reasonable economic assumptions, and by applying the strategy of the mean-self-financing delta hedging in the discrete-time setting, the generalized European call option pricing formula is further developed to capture the certain property of financial time series and better observe the law of finance market.
Soil carbon sequestration simulated in CMIP6-LUMIP models: implications for climatic mitigation
Authors: Ito Akihiko , Hajima Tomohiro , Lawrence David M , Brovkin Victor , Delire Christine , Guenet Bertrand , Jones Chris D , Malyshev Sergey , Materia Stefano , McDermid Sonali P , Peano Daniele , Pongratz Julia , Robertson Eddy , Shevliakova Elena , Vuichard Nicolas , Wårlind David , Wiltshire Andy , Ziehn Tilo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Land-use change affects both the quality and quantity of soil organic carbon (SOC) and leads to changes in ecosystem functions such as productivity and environmental regulation. Future changes in SOC are, however, highly uncertain owing to its heterogeneity and complexity. In this study, we analyzed the outputs of simulations of SOC stock by Earth system models (ESMs), most of which are participants in the Land-Use Model Intercomparison Project. Using a common protocol and the same forcing data, the ESMs simulated SOC distribution patterns and their changes during historical (1850–2014) and future (2015–2100) periods. Total SOC stock increased in many simulations over the historical period (30 ± 67 Pg C) and under future climate and land-use conditions (48 ± 32 Pg C for ssp126 and 49 ± 58 Pg C for ssp370). Land-use experiments indicated that changes in SOC attributable to land-use scenarios were modest at the global scale, in comparison with climatic and rising CO2 impacts, but they were notable in several regions. Future net soil carbon sequestration rates estimated by the ESMs were roughly 0.4‰ yr−1 (0.6 Pg C yr−1). Although there were considerable inter-model differences, the rates are still remarkable in terms of their potential for mitigation of global warming. The disparate results among ESMs imply that key parameters that control processes such as SOC residence time need to be better constrained and that more comprehensive representation of land management impacts on soils remain critical for understanding the long-term potential of soils to sequester carbon.
Legacy effects of cemeteries on groundwater quality and nitrate loads to a headwater stream
Authors: Lautz Laura K , Ledford Sarah H , Beltran Julio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Residential development and urbanization have increased nutrient loads to streams and groundwater through increased use of fertilizers and discharge of wastewater effluent. Stream degradation in urbanizing areas has simultaneously reduced natural attenuation of nutrients. In this context, cemeteries are an often-overlooked land use that may contribute to nutrient loading in urbanizing watersheds. Although cemeteries provide ecosystem services, such as infiltration of stormwater, micrometeorology control, and greenspace, they also pose a unique threat to groundwater quality due to degradation and leaching of organic material. To assess the potential legacy impact of cemeteries on water quality, we explored the impact of a large cemetery that comprises 9% of the total area of a suburban watershed on groundwater nitrate concentrations and stream nitrate loads. We found nitrate concentrations were significantly higher in cemetery groundwater (median = 6.2 mg l−1) than in residential groundwater (median = 0.05 mg l−1). During summer months (June through September), the stream is consistently a gaining stream receiving groundwater discharge. During this time, stream nitrate concentrations increase by 1.4–1.9 mg l−1 between the upstream edge of the cemetery and the downstream edge (from 0.03–0.46 mg l−1 to 1.6 mg l−1–2.1 mg l−1, respectively). Stream nitrate loads observed at gauging stations located about 500 m upstream and downstream of the cemetery property show that the stream nitrate load is consistently 20–40 kg NO3
−/day higher downstream of the cemetery between June to September. Given that the cemetery handles about 350–500 burials per year, it is estimated that 25%–50% of the nitrate load between the gauging stations could be attributable to groundwater discharge of burial decay products. Our observations of nitrate concentrations in cemetery groundwater, coupled with the increases in nitrate loads in a stream traversing the cemetery property, suggest cemeteries may be an overlooked source of nutrient loading in developed watersheds.
A uniformly fine-grained Mg-Y-Nd-Zr magnesium alloy with simultaneously optimized strength and ductility processed by forging and ECAP
Authors: Sun Yidan , Li Wei , Shi Xiaofang , Tian Liang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, as-cast rare earth Mg-2Y-0.6Nd-0.5Zr alloy was successfully processed by forging at 350 °C and different numbers of passes of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) along the Bc route. The effects of ECAP on the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of a pre-forged Mg-2Y-0.6Nd-0.5Zr alloy were systematically investigated in this paper. The grain size of the alloy was refined from 140 μm to 1.9 μm by forging + ECAP. The alloy has obtained a uniform and fine microstructure under the action of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) during the ECAP process. The forged sample exhibited a strong basal texture. However, the alloy that was processed with ECAP had a tilted texture; the basal orientation was weakened, and the cylindrical and pyramidal orientation was enhanced. An analysis of the mechanical properties showed that the alloy exhibited favorable tensile strength and elongation of 262 MPa and 22.4% after forging and 4 passes of ECAP, which were increased by 118% and 113% compared with the as-cast sample. The alloy strength decreased slightly due to textural transformation and a high degree of recrystallization during ECAP, while the plasticity of the alloy that underwent 6 ECAP passes increased to 25.2%. The results show that the combination processing of forging and ECAP provides a new approach for optimizing the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys.
Whole-Genome Resequencing Reveals Adaptation Prior to the Divergence of Buffalo Subspecies
Authors: Rafiepour Mostafa , Ebrahimie Esmaeil , Vahidi Mohammad Farhad , Salekdeh Ghasem Hosseini , Niazi Ali , Dadpasand Mohammad , Liang Dong , Si Jingfang , Ding Xiangdong , Han Jianlin , Zhang Yi , Qanbari Saber 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The application of high-throughput genotyping or sequencing data helps us to understand the genomic response to natural and artificial selection. In this study, we scanned the genomes of five indigenous buffalo populations belong to three recognized breeds, adapted to different geographical and agro-ecological zones in Iran, to unravel the extent of genomic diversity and to localize genomic regions and genes underwent past selection. A total of 46 river buffalo whole genomes, from West and East Azerbaijan, Gilan, Mazandaran, and Khuzestan provinces, were resequenced. Our sequencing data reached to a coverage above 99% of the river buffalo reference genome and an average read depth around 9.2× per sample. We identified 20.55 million SNPs, including 63,097 missense, 707 stop-gain, and 159 stop-loss mutations that might have functional consequences. Genomic diversity analyses showed modest structuring among Iranian buffalo populations following frequent gene flow or admixture in the recent past. Evidence of positive selection was investigated using both differentiation (Fst) and fixation (Pi) metrics. Analysis of fixation revealed three genomic regions in all three breeds with aberrant polymorphism contents on BBU2, 20, and 21. Fixation signal on BBU2 overlapped with the OCA2-HERC2 genes, suggestive of adaptation to UV exposure through pigmentation mechanism. Further validation using resequencing data from other five bovine species as well as the Axiom Buffalo Genotyping Array 90K data of river and swamp buffaloes indicated that these fixation signals persisted across river and swamp buffaloes and extended to taurine cattle, implying an ancient evolutionary event occurred before the speciation of buffalo and taurine cattle. These results contributed to our understanding of major genetic switches that took place during the evolution of modern buffaloes.
Firewood Transport as a Vector of Forest Pest Dispersal in North America: A Scoping Review
Authors: Solano Angelica , Rodriguez Shari L , Greenwood Leigh , Dodds Kevin J , Coyle David R 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNative and nonnative insects and diseases can result in detrimental impacts to trees and forests, including the loss of economic resources and ecosystem services. Increases in globalization and changing human behaviors have created new anthropogenic pathways for long distance pest dispersal. In North America, literature suggests that once a forest or tree pest is established, the movement of firewood by the general public for recreational or home heating purposes is one of the primary pathways for its dispersal. Understanding human perceptions and behaviors is essential to inform the most effective strategies for modifying firewood and pest dispersal by humans. This scoping review seeks to assess trends and gaps in the existing literature, as well as patterns in behavior related to forest pest dispersal through firewood movement in North America. We identified 76 documents that addressed this topic to which we applied inclusion and exclusion criteria to select articles for further analysis. Twenty-five articles met the inclusion criteria and were categorized based on five identified themes: 1) insect incidence in firewood, 2) insect dispersal via firewood, 3) recreational firewood movement, 4) firewood treatments, and 5) behavior and rule compliance. The selected articles show trends that suggest that firewood movement presents a risk for forest insect dispersal, but that behavior can be modified, and compliance, monitoring, and treatments should be strengthened. This scoping review found limited research about western United States, Mexico, and Canada, various insect species and other organisms, regulation and management, awareness, and behavioral dimensions of firewood movement.
A minimally invasive periacetabular osteotomy technique: minimizing intraoperative risks
Authors: Thiagarajah Shankar , Bingham Joshua S , Grammatopoulos George , Witt Johan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an extensive surgical procedure associated with potential risk to the adjacent neurovascular structures. A steep learning curve exists, with surgeon experience an important factor in outcome. Little detail exists of the osteotomies themselves, and how to make them safe and reproducible. This article describes our PAO technique with emphasis on specific safety steps. When performing the posterior column cut, migration of the osteotome beyond the lateral pelvis may lead to damage of the sciatic nerve. The safety features detailed include novel measurement of the posterior column width and the use of specific-width osteotomes to complete this osteotomy. To plan the cut, several computerized tomography-based measurements are taken starting just above the greater sciatic notch and continuing down to the inferior part of the acetabulum. The angle of this cut is determined by acetabular morphology and the width of the posterior column. These posterior column width measurements will determine the width of the osteotomes used to perform the cut with little risk that an osteotome will penetrate too far on the lateral side of the pelvis. To ensure the lateral cortex has been cut completely proximally, an osteotome with pre-measured depths may be used from a medial to a direct lateral trajectory. The senior author has been performing this modified approach since 2010 (n = 530 PAOs) and has witnessed no vascular injuries and no nerve injuries aside from minor lateral femoral cutaneous nerve issues. Utilization of these techniques has prevented any major nerve injury without the need for intraoperative electromyography.
First Report of a Gall Midge Species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Associated With Pistachios
Authors: Sirjani Farshid O , Lewis Edwin E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new dipterous pest is reported, for the first time, on commercial pistachios from Sirjan, Kerman province, Iran. The genus of the insect was determined to be Resseliella Seitner (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Adults are light brown to brown in color and 0.8–1.5 mm in length with females, generally, slightly larger than males. Females have an elongated ovipositor, which is characteristic of the genus. Larvae are orange in color, 2–3 mm in length in the later instars, feed under bark without inducing galls, and cause branch dieback on trees of various ages. Brown to black discolorations are observed on plant tissues under bark where the larvae feed. Infestations observed on current and the previous—year’s growths, ranged from 0.5 to 1.2 cm in diameter, and all located in outer branches. Dry leaves and fruit clusters on infested branches remain attached, which may be used to recognize infestation by the gall midge. Dark-colored, sunken spots with splits on the bark located at the base of the wilted sections of the shoots also are symptoms of Resseliella sp. larval activity. Species-level identification of the gall midge is currently underway.
Antecedents and Effects of Parasocial Relationships: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tukachinsky Riva , Walter Nathan , Saucier Camille J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The current meta-analysis synthesizes four decades of research (k = 120) on the antecedents and effects of parasocial relationships (PSRs). In line with contemporary theorization of PSRs as an extension of, rather than as a substitution for social relationships, the meta-analysis does not find a significant relationship between social deficiencies and PSRs. PSRs are also strongly correlated with factors that facilitate interpersonal bonds (e.g., homophily), other forms of involvement (e.g., identification, transportation), and persuasive outcomes. Furthermore, the analysis validates the theoretical distinction between PSRs and parasocial interactions (PSIs) revealing only a moderate correlation between the two constructs. Likewise, while PSRs and PSIs did not differ with respect to effects on persuasive outcomes, PSRs emerge as a stronger predictor of media involvement. The findings are discussed in relation to theoretical models of media involvement and effects
Adding the Capacity for an Intensive Care Unit Dedicated to COVID 19, Preserving the Operational Capability of a French Golden Hour Offset Surgical Team in Sahel
Authors: de Lesquen Henri , Bergez Marie , Vuong Antoine , Boufime-Jonqheere Alexandre , de l’Escalopier Nicolas 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn April 2020, the military medical planning needs to be recalibrated to support the COVID-19 crisis during a large-scale combat operation carried out by the French army in Sahel.Material and MethodsSince 2019, proper positioning of Forward Surgical Teams (FSTs) has been imperative in peer-to-near-peer conflict and led to the development of a far-forward surgical asset: The Golden Hour Offset Surgical Team (GHOST). Dedicated to damage control surgery close to combat, GHOST made the FST aero-mobile again, with a light logistical footprint and a fast setting. On 19 and 25 March 2020, Niger and Mali confirmed their first COVID-19 cases, respectively. The pandemic was ongoing in Sahel, where 5,100 French soldiers were deployed in the Barkhane Operation.ResultsFor the first time, the FST had to provide, continuously, both COVID critical care and surgical support to the ongoing operation in Liptako. Its deployment on a Main Operating Base had to be rethought on Niamey, to face the COVID crisis and support ongoing operations. This far-forward surgical asset, embedded with a doctrinal Role-1, sat up a 4-bed COVID intensive care unit while maintaining a casualty surgical care capacity. A COVID training package has been developed to prepare the FST for this innovative employment. This far-forward surgical asset was designed to support a COVID-19 intensive care unit before evacuation, preserving forward surgical capability for battalion combat teams.ConclusionFar-forward surgical assets like GHOST have demonstrated their mobility and effectiveness in a casualty care system and could be adapted as critical care facilities to respond to the COVID crisis in wartime.
Tobacco Imagery in the 20 Best-Selling Video Games of 2018
Authors: Forsyth Susan R , McDaniel Patricia A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Video games are played by the majority of American adolescents. A small body of research has shown that video games expose users to tobacco imagery, potentially influencing subsequent smoking behavior. We examine the presence, type, and quantity of tobacco imagery in recent popular video games.

Methods
After identifying 20 best-selling US video games of 2018 and selecting each YouTube video of all cut scenes and bridging game play, we coded each video for the presence of five types of tobacco imagery. We also recorded the length of time tobacco content was visible during the video.

Results
Seven of the top 20 video games contained tobacco imagery, which comprised between 7 seconds and 38 minutes of game play. All five types of tobacco imagery were accounted for: visible tobacco paraphernalia, tobacco products used to further game play, background characters using tobacco products, and main characters (playable and nonplayble) using tobacco products. Visible tobacco paraphernalia was the most common type of tobacco imagery and included both real and fictionalized tobacco brands that sometimes drew on real cigarette brand imagery. Three games allowed players to control tobacco-using characters.

Conclusions
Popular video games continue to expose players to tobacco imagery. Because video games are played repeatedly, the potential exists for adolescents to experience even more tobacco imagery than the baseline exposure established here, further increasing the potential for harm. Existing voluntary and regulatory approaches to policing tobacco content are inadequate; thus, policymakers should consider further interventions to minimize tobacco content in video games.

Implications
Video games, popular among youth and young adults, are known to contain tobacco imagery. Less is known about the quantity and type of this imagery among recent popular games. We found that 7 of the 20 best-selling video games of 2018 in the United States contained a variety of tobacco imagery and exposed players to as much as 38 minutes of tobacco content. Given the established link between exposure to tobacco marketing in media such as films and subsequent smoking behavior, policies to minimize tobacco imagery in video games that exceed the scant protections offered by the Master Settlement Agreement could help reduce smoking prevalence among youth.
Opioids: God’s Own Medicine
Authors: Winter Jerrold 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Albert Schweitzer called pain “a more terrible lord of mankind than even death.” Thus, it is not surprising that humans have from the earliest times attempted to identify plants which might provide pain relief. The Odyssey by Homer provides a mythic account of the use of one such agent… . Then Helen, daughter of Zeus, took other counsel. Straightaway she cast into the wine of which they were drinking a drug to quit all pain and strife, and bring forgetfulness of every ill. Whoso should drink this down, when it is mingled in the bowl, would not in the course of that day let a tear fall down over his cheeks, no, not though his mother and father should lie there dead … Such cunning drugs had the daughter of Zeus, drugs of healing, which Polydamna, the wife of Thor, had given her, a woman of Egypt, for there the earth, the giver of grain, bears the greatest store of drugs … … More than a century ago, it was suggested by Oswald Schmiedeberg, a German scientist regarded by many as the father of modern pharmacology, that the drug to which Homer refers is opium for “no other natural product on the whole earth calls forth in man such a psychical blunting as the one described.” When today, in the fields of Afghanistan or Turkey or India, the seed capsule of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is pierced, a milky fluid oozes from it which, when dried, is opium. Virginia Berridge, in her elegant history of opium in England, tells us that the effects of opium on the human mind have probably been known for about 6,000 years and that opium had an honored place in Greek, Roman, and Arabic medicine. I will not dwell on that ancient history but will instead jump ahead to the 17th century by which time opium had gained wide use in European medicine.