bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose-dependent x-ray sensing nature of nanocrystalline bismuth phosphate thick films
Authors: Suraiya Begum S N , Karthieka R R , Ajith Kumar B S , Juliana Laetisha J , Prakash T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bismuth and its compounds have been used in various optoelectronic devices because of their unique physical properties and non-toxic nature. In this present study, nanocrystalline bismuth phosphate (BiPO4) was synthesized by solid-state double exchange reaction and then processed at 150 °C for 30 min under nitrogen gas flow. The phase, morphology, purity and band gap of the sample were analyzed respectively using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray, Fourier transform infrared, Raman and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The obtained results reveal that the sample exists in hexagonal phase with crystallites in sub-spherical morphology (∼84 nm) and having a direct transition band gap of 4.52 eV. Furthermore, the x-ray attenuating nature of nanocrystalline BiPO4 thick film was examined using an intra-oral diagnostic x-ray machine interfaced with a Suniray-2 radiography image sensor. A theoretical validation of the obtained x-ray attenuating nature was carried out using the NIST-XCOM online resource. Then, x-ray-induced photocurrent was measured for nanocrystalline BiPO4 thick (200 µm) film for four different doses (mGy) exposed under biased condition (2 V). A grain boundary double Schottky potential barrier height (ϕb) model was applied to explain the observed linear dose-dependent x-ray sensing nature.
Comparative study on a straight and helical capillary tube for CO2 transcritical system
Authors: Jadhav P L , Agrawal N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A comparative study on an adiabatic straight and helical capillary tube employing homogenous flow conditions for a CO2 refrigerant. The numerical model is based on the basic principles of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. A result of the present model is validated with previously published test results. The properties of CO2 refrigerants are obtained from property code CO2PROP. Compared to the straight capillary tube, the percentage reduction in mass flow rate for various internal diameter, tube length, and coil diameter are evaluated. It is observed that percentage reduction in mass flow rate increases as the coil diameter, tube diameter, and length of helical capillary tube increases. Again comparison between straight and helical tube is done by calculating tube length at same working conditions. Compared to straight capillary, for similar operating and geometric conditions, the percentage reduction in length for coil diameter 50mm is 16.4%, for coil diameter 100mm is 14.2% and for coil diameter 150mm is 13.5%. This comparative study is useful for designing of compact refrigeration system using CO2 as a refrigerant.
Dielectric relaxation in zinc-borotellurite glasses doped with alkali, transition and rare earth oxides
Authors: Malge Amarkumar , Sankarappa T , Devidas G B , Sujatha T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A batch of zinc borotellurite glasses doped with Li2O, W2O3 and rare earth ions were synthesized with varied composition and investigated for dielectric properties in the frequency range from 50Hz to 15MHz and temperature from 300K to 620K. Electric moduli and impedance were estimated. Dielectric relaxation time from both impedance and moduli data were determined. Activation energy for relaxation time has been determined. Nature of the phase of the glasses has been understood in terms of cole-cole plots. Normalized moduli plots were made to learn temperature dependance of relaxation processes. For the first time, glasses of the present composition have been exposed for detailed dielectric relaxation studies.
Hydrogeochemistry of the authigenic mineral-forming processes (a case study of Oxfordian deposits in the Ob-Irtysh interfluve)
Authors: Novikov D. A. , Vakulenko L.G. , Yan P.A. , Dultsev F.F. , Chernykh A.V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Results of the pioneering numerical physicochemical modeling of interactions in the water – rock system on the example of Oxfordian deposits in southern regions of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve (southeastern regions of Western Siberia) are presented.It has been established that, despite the groundwaters having low salinity (up to 46 g/dm3) of and their persistent interactions with rocks (during tens, or probably hundreds of millions of years), they practically have no equilibrium with primary (endogenous) minerals: albite, anortite, microcline.At the same time, groundwater is in equilibrium with micaceous minerals, Ca-, Na - and Mg-montmorillonites, kaolinite, Mg-chlorite. There is always a carbonate barrier in the way of groundwater attaining an equilibrium with primary aluminosilicate minerals. As a result of the detailed petrographic studies, the genetic series of authigenic minerals of the diagenetic and catagenetic phases were established in the studied silty-sandy rocks. Relict diagenetic minerals are represented by glauconite, pyrite, siderite, calcite of the first generation of precipitation, kaolinite, anatase and leucoxene. Catagenetic minerals are considerably dominated by calcite of the second and third generations of precipitation, quartz, kaolinite, whereas siderite, chlorite, albite, dolomite are developed in minor amounts. The results of petrographic studies have corroborated the thermodynamic calculations.
Solution of one problem for a linear loaded differential parabolic equations by finite difference method
Authors: Khankishiyev Z F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, an application the finite difference method to solve one problem for a linear loaded differential equation of parabolic type is given and the convergence of the method is studied. The conditions under which the solution of the difference problem converges to the solution of the original problem are found and the convergence rate is determined.
Characterization of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) non-exchangeable hydrogen functional types and lung function of wildland firefighters
Authors: Nelson Jordan , Chalbot Marie-Cecile G , Pavicevic Zoran , Kavouras Ilias G 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInhalation of smoke is shown to be associated with adverse respiratory outcomes in firefighters. Due to invasiveness of procedures to obtain airways lining fluid, the immediate responses of the target organ (i.e. lung) are secondarily assessed through biomarkers in blood and urine. The objective of this study was to identify changes in metabolic profile of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and lung function of firefighters exposed to wildfires smoke. A total of 29 subjects were studied over 16 events; 14 of these subjects provided cross-shift EBC samples. The predominant types of non-exchangeable hydrogen in EBC were saturated oxygenated hydrogen, aliphatic alkyl and allylic. Non-exchangeable allylic and oxygenated hydrogen concentrations decreased in post-exposure EBC samples. Longer exposures were correlated with increased abundance of oxidized carbon in ketones, acids and esters. Post-exposure lung function declines (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1): 0.08 l, forced vital capacity (FVC): 0.07 l, FEV1/FVC: 0.03 l, peak expiratory flow (PEF): 0.39 l s−1) indicated airways inflammation. They were related to exposure intensity (FEV1and FVC) and exposure duration (PEF). This study showed that EBC characterization of non-exchangeable hydrogen types by NMR may provide insights on EBC molecular compositions in response to smoke inhalation and facilitate targeted analysis to identify specific biomarkers.
Rapid non-invasive detection of Influenza-A-infection by multicapillary column coupled ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Steppert Claus , Steppert Isabel , Bollinger Thomas , Sterlacci William 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Infectious pathogens are a global issue. Global air travel offers an easy and fast opportunity not only for people but also for infectious diseases to spread around the world within a few days. Also, large public events facilitate increasing infection numbers. Therefore, rapid on-site screening for infected people is urgently needed.
Due to the small size and easy handling, ion mobility spectrometry coupled with a multicapillary column (MCC-IMS) is a very promising, sensitive method for the on-site identification of infectious pathogens based on scents, representing volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess whether identification of Influenza-A-infection based on VOCs by MCC-IMS is possible in breath. Nasal breath was investigated in 24 consecutive persons with and without Influenza-A-infection by MCC-IMS. In 14 Influenza-A-infected patients, infection was proven by PCR of nasopharyngeal swabs. Four healthy staff members and six patients with negative PCR result served as controls. For picking up relevant VOCs in MCC-IMS spectra, software based on cluster analysis followed by multivariate statistical analysis was applied. With only four VOCs canonical discriminant analysis was able to distinguish Influenza-A-infected patients from those not infected with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
This present proof-of-concept-study yields encouraging results showing a rapid diagnosis of viral infections in nasal breath within 5 min by MCC-IMS. The next step is to validate the results with a greater number of patients with Influenza-A-infection as well as other viral diseases, especially COVID-19.
Registration number at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04282135.
Impact of body-biasing for negative capacitance field-effect transistor
Authors: Kim Hyun Woo , Kwon Daewoong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this study, the body-bias effects on negative capacitance FET (NCFET) are analyzed using technology computer-aided design (TCAD) device simulation with drift-diffusion model and Landau-Khalatnikov. To understand the physical origin the effects, electrical characteristics are evaluated with various ferroelectric (FE) layer thickness for NCFET as compared to the conventional MOSFET. With thicker FE layer, the total capacitance (C
Total) becomes larger, while MOS capacitance (C
MOS) is sustained, leading to voltage amplification because the difference between C
FE and C
MOS gets smaller. It gives the strong gate controllability and less sensitivity for threshold voltage (V
TH) according to body-bias variations unlike the conventional MOSFET. Moreover, it is confirmed that the surface band-bending at the interface of NCFET is rarely changed with changing body-bias from 0V to −3V.
On complete gradient steady Ricci solitons with vanishing 𝐷-tensor
Authors: Cao Huai-Dong , Yu Jiangtao 
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we extend the work by the first author and Q. Chen [Duke Math. J. 162 (2013), pp. 1149–1169] to classify

n
n

-dimensional (

n
≥
5

n\ge 5

) complete

D
D

-flat gradient steady Ricci solitons. More precisely, we prove that any

n
n

-dimensional complete noncompact gradient steady Ricci soliton with vanishing D-tensor is either Ricci-flat, or isometric to the Bryant soliton. Furthermore, the proof extends to the shrinking case and the expanding case as well.
The Chile Biliary Longitudinal Study: A Gallstone Cohort
Authors: Koshiol Jill , Van De Wyngard Vanessa , McGee Emma E , Cook Paz , Pfeiffer Ruth M , Mardones Noldy , Medina Karie , Olivo Vanessa , Pettit Karen , Jackson Sarah S , Paredes Fabio , Sanchez Raúl , Huidobro Andrea , Villaseca Miguel , Bellolio Enrique , Losada Hector , Roa Juan Carlos , Hildesheim Allan , Araya Juan Carlos , Ferreccio Catterina ,   for the Chile BiLS Study Group
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly fatal cancer that can be cured through cholecystectomy if identified early. The presence of gallstones is the primary risk factor for GBC, but few people with gallstones develop GBC. A key question is what drives the development of GBC among persons with gallstones. We initiated the Chile Biliary Longitudinal Study (Chile BiLS) to address this question. From 2016 to 2019, Chile BiLS enrolled 4,726 women aged 50–74 years with ultrasound-detected gallstones from southern-central Chile, accounting for an estimated 36% of eligible women with gallstones in the study area. The median age was 59 years; 25% of the women were Amerindian (Mapuche), 60% were obese, 25% had diabetes, and 6% had cardiovascular disease. Participants will be followed for gallbladder dysplasia or cancer for 6 years. As of April 30, 2020, over 91% of those eligible completed the year 2 follow-up visit. Data being collected include epidemiologic and sociodemographic information, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and tooth counts. Biosamples being taken include baseline plasma, buffy coat, red blood cells, serum, blood clot from serum, and PAXgene whole blood (PreAnalytiX GmbH, Hombrechtikon, Switzerland). Complete gallbladder sampling is conducted for most participants undergoing cholecystectomy. The Chile BiLS cohort study will increase our understanding of GBC etiology and could identify potential risk stratification and early detection strategies in high-risk areas.
Subclinical Heart Dysfunction in Relation to Metabolic and Inflammatory Markers: A Community-Based Study
Authors: Cauwenberghs Nicholas , Sabovčik František , Vandenabeele Eline , Kobayashi Yukari , Haddad Francois , Budts Werner , Kuznetsova Tatiana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPopulation studies investigating the contribution of immunometabolic disturbances to heart dysfunction remain scarce. We combined high-throughput biomarker profiling, multidimensional network analyses, and regression statistics to identify immunometabolic markers associated with subclinical heart dysfunction in the community.MethodsIn 1,236 individuals (mean age, 51.0 years; 51.5% women), we measured 39 immunometabolic markers and assessed echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and left atrial (LA) reservoir dysfunction. We used partial least squares (PLS) to filter the most relevant biomarkers related to the echocardiographic characteristics. Subsequently, we assessed the associations between the echocardiographic features and biomarkers selected in PLS while accounting for clinical confounders.ResultsInfluential biomarkers in PLS of echocardiographic characteristics included blood sugar, γ-glutamyl transferase, d-dimer, ferritin, hemoglobin, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and serum insulin and uric acid. In stepwise regression incorporating clinical confounders, higher d-dimer was independently associated with higher E/e′ ratio and LA volume index (P ≤ 0.05 for all). In multivariable-adjusted analyses, the risk for LVDD increased with higher blood sugar and d-dimer (P ≤ 0.048). After full adjustment, higher serum insulin and serum uric acid were independently related to worse LA reservoir strain and higher risk for LA reservoir dysfunction (P ≤ 0.039 for all). The biomarker panels detected LVDD and LA reservoir dysfunction with 87% and 79% accuracy, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionsBiomarkers of insulin resistance, hyperuricemia, and chronic low-grade inflammation were associated with cardiac dysfunction. These biomarkers might help to unravel cardiac pathology and improve the detection and management of cardiac dysfunction in clinical practice.
Experimental predator intrusions in a cooperative breeder reveal threat-dependent task partitioning
Authors: Josi Dario , Freudiger Annika , Taborsky Michael , Frommen Joachim G 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn cooperatively breeding species, nonbreeding individuals provide alloparental care and help in territory maintenance and defense. Antipredator behaviors of subordinates can enhance offspring survival, which may provide direct and indirect fitness benefits to all group members. Helping abilities and involved costs and benefits, risks, and outside options (e.g., breeding independently) usually diverge between group members, which calls for status-specific differentiated behavioral responses. Such role differentiation within groups may generate task-specific division of labor, as exemplified by eusocial animals. In vertebrates, little is known about such task differentiation among group members. We show how breeders and helpers of the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus savoryi partition predator defense depending on intruder type and the presence of dependent young. In the field, we experimentally simulated intrusions by different fish species posing a risk either specifically to eggs, young, or adults. We used intrusions by harmless algae eaters as a control. Breeders defended most when dependent young were present, while helper investment hinged mainly on their body size and on the potential threat posed by the respective intruders. Breeders and helpers partitioned defense tasks primarily when dependent young were exposed to immediate risk, with breeders investing most in antipredator defense, while helpers increased guarding and care in the breeding chamber. Breeders’ defense likely benefits helpers as well, as it was especially enhanced in the treatment where helpers were also at risk. These findings illustrate that in a highly social fish different group members exhibit fine-tuned behavioral responses in dependence of ecological and reproductive parameter variation.
Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Diagnosis of COVID-19: Serologic Testing (September 2020)
Authors: Hanson Kimberly E , Caliendo Angela M , Arias Cesar A , Englund Janet A , Hayden Mary K , Lee Mark J , Loeb Mark , Patel Robin , Altayar Osama , El Alayli Abdallah , Sultan Shahnaz , Falck-Ytter Yngve , Lavergne Valéry , Morgan Rebecca L , Murad M Hassan , Bhimraj Adarsh , Mustafa Reem A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The availability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serologic testing has rapidly increased. Current assays use a variety of technologies, measure different classes of immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin combinations, and detect antibodies directed against different portions of the virus. The overall accuracy of these tests, however, has not been well defined. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) convened an expert panel to perform a systematic review of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) serology literature and construct best-practice guidance related to SARS-CoV-2 serologic testing. This guideline is the fourth in a series of rapid, frequently updated COVID-19 guidelines developed by IDSA.

Objective
IDSA’s goal was to develop evidence-based recommendations that assist clinicians, clinical laboratories, patients, and policymakers in decisions related to the optimal use of SARS-CoV-2 serologic tests in a variety of settings. We also highlight important unmet research needs pertaining to the use of anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests for diagnosis, public health surveillance, vaccine development, and the selection of convalescent plasma donors.

Methods
A multidisciplinary panel of infectious diseases clinicians, clinical microbiologists, and experts in systematic literature review identified and prioritized clinical questions related to the use of SARS-CoV-2 serologic tests. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to assess the certainty of evidence and make testing recommendations.

Results
The panel agreed on 8 diagnostic recommendations.

Conclusions
Information on the clinical performance and utility of SARS-CoV-2 serologic tests is rapidly emerging. Based on available evidence, detection of anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may be useful for confirming the presence of current or past infection in selected situations. The panel identified 3 potential indications for serologic testing, including (1) evaluation of patients with a high clinical suspicion for COVID-19 when molecular diagnostic testing is negative and ≥2 weeks have passed since symptom onset, (2) assessment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and (3) conducting serosurveillance studies. The certainty of available evidence supporting the use of serology for either diagnosis or epidemiology was, however, graded as very low to moderate. For the most updated version of these guidelines, please go to https://www.idsociety.org/covid19guidelines.
Retirement status and frailty: a cross-sectional study of the phenotype of manual workers aged 50–70 years
Authors: Norheim Kristoffer L , Bøggild Henrik , Andersen Johan Hviid , Omland Øyvind , Bønløkke Jakob H , Madeleine Pascal 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The frailty phenotype is predictive of mortality and has been identified in the working population. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of frailty and individual frailty symptoms among active and retired Danish manual workers and to delineate the relationship between frailty and lifestyle factors.

Methods
Manual workers aged 50–70 years answered questions relating to the Fried criteria for frailty (weight loss, exhaustion, slowness, weakness and inactivity). Only men were included in the analyses and respondents were stratified according to work status: active workers (n = 1555), early retirees (n = 289) and workers retired at or after normal pension age (n = 291). Associations between pre-frailty/frailty, work status and various lifestyle factors were estimated using binomial logistic regression.

Results
Overall, the prevalence of pre-frailty (one or two symptoms) and frailty (three or more symptoms) was 33.3% and 1.5%, respectively. Those who had retired early were more likely to be pre-frail/frail compared with active workers (odds ratio 2.20, 95% CI 1.61–3.01). Exhaustion was the most prominent symptom reported by 22.2% of active workers, 34.6% of early retirees and 16.5% of workers retired at normal retirement age. Lifestyle factors including obesity, physical inactivity and smoking but not alcohol intake were associated with pre-frailty/frailty.

Conclusion
Symptoms of frailty are identifiable and present among both active and retired manual workers. Data suggest discrepancies among Danish manual workers, with some having unhealthy lifestyles and being more prone to develop pre-frailty and frailty already in their sixth decade of life.
Bacterial cell proliferation: from molecules to cells
Authors: Meunier Alix , Cornet François , Campos Manuel 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBacterial cell proliferation is highly efficient, both because bacteria grow fast and multiply with a low failure rate. This efficiency is underpinned by the robustness of the cell cycle and its synchronization with cell growth and cytokinesis. Recent advances in bacterial cell biology brought about by single-cell physiology in microfluidic chambers suggest a series of simple phenomenological models at the cellular scale, coupling cell size and growth with the cell cycle. We contrast the apparent simplicity of these mechanisms based on the addition of a constant size between cell cycle events (e.g. two consecutive initiation of DNA replication or cell division) with the complexity of the underlying regulatory networks. Beyond the paradigm of cell cycle checkpoints, the coordination between the DNA and division cycles and cell growth is largely mediated by a wealth of other mechanisms. We propose our perspective on these mechanisms, through the prism of the known crosstalk between DNA replication and segregation, cell division and cell growth or size. We argue that the precise knowledge of these molecular mechanisms is critical to integrate the diverse layers of controls at different time and space scales into synthetic and verifiable models.