bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term temporal patterns in flight activities of a migrant diurnal butterfly
Authors: Juhász Edit , Gór Ádám , Bali Daniella , Kerékgyártó Fanni , Katona Gergely , Végvári Zsolt 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent studies demonstrated that the Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui), a cosmopolitan diurnal butterfly performs long‐range migration between subtropical Africa and north‐western Europe, covered by individuals belonging to up to six generations. Here we analyze temporal patterns of complete annual migratory activity of the Painted Lady in Hungary, located in its Central European migratory route, almost completely unstudied before. To do so, we used field occurrence data collected between 2000 and 2019 and estimated temporal patterns in migratory activity by fitting kernel density functions on the daily mean number of individuals and observation frequency. The temporal distributions of kernel density estimates were analyzed as a function of time and key climatic predictors of the study area. We found that (i) the timing of spring arrivals has been advancing; (ii) the relative intensity of the first and last migratory peaks of the Painted Lady significantly increased during the past decades; and (iii) intensity of the last migratory peak is related to the mean temperature of the previous month, inferring that the migration is shifting to earlier dates and their volume of the migration has substantially intensified, evoking mutually nonexclusive, competing hypotheses. Our study indicates the strengthening migration activities of a southerly distributed, long‐distance migrant diurnal butterfly, most probably linked to the northward shift of wintering areas induced by warming trends of the southern parts of Europe. However, the complexity of the likely processes leading to changing migratory strategies calls up for further research in both breeding and wintering areas.
An Experimental Field Study on the Effects of Coaching: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital
Authors: Fontes Andrea , Dello Russo Silvia 
Published: May 2020

Coaching is a developmental intervention implemented in organisations to improve individual attitudes and behaviours. Few studies, however, have tested these assumptions and explained the mechanisms involved. We propose psychological capital (PsyCap), a set of positive individual resources, as a possible mediator. We investigated whether coaching framed in goal setting and conservation of resources theories is effective in improving PsyCap and, through this, individual attitudes and performance, and whether its effects maintain over time. We conducted an experiment with 56 employees in a marketing company, who were either randomly assigned to a coaching intervention or a wait‐list control group. Measures of interest were collected before the programme started (T1), and after the programme, which lasted 4 months (T2). A follow‐up measure for the experimental group was collected after a further 4 months (T3). ANOVAs showed coaching was associated with increases in PsyCap, job attitudes, and one dimension of job performance. The mediating role of PsyCap was supported for job attitudes. The effects on PsyCap and job attitudes lasted over time, as revealed by within‐subjects repeated measures analyses. This study fills a gap in our knowledge of the explanatory processes of coaching effectiveness by building on solid research design features.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: IBD‐associated colonic dysplasia prognosis in the videoendoscopic era (1990 to present)
Authors: Kabir Misha , Fofaria Rishi , Arebi Naila , Bassett Paul , Tozer Phil J , Hart Ailsa L , Thomas‐Gibson Siwan , Humphries Adam , Suzuki Noriko , Saunders Brian , Warusavitarne Janindra , Faiz Omar , Wilson Ana 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundIntroductionThe prognosis of dysplasia in patients with IBD is largely determined from observational studies from the pre‐videoendoscopic era (pre‐1990s) that does not reflect recent advances in endoscopic imaging and resection.AimsTo better understand the risk of synchronous colorectal cancer and metachronous advanced neoplasia (ie high‐grade dysplasia or cancer) associated with dysplasia diagnosed in the videoendoscopic era, and to stratify risk according to a lesion's morphology, endoscopic resection status or whether it was incidentally detected on biopsy of macroscopically normal colonic mucosa (ie invisible).MethodsA systematic search of original articles published between 1990 and February 2020 was performed. Eligible studies reported on incidence of advanced neoplasia at follow‐up colectomy or colonoscopy for IBD‐dysplasia patients. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed.ResultsThirty‐three studies were eligible for qualitative analysis (five for the meta‐analysis). Pooled estimated proportions of incidental synchronous cancers found at colectomy performed for a pre‐operative diagnosis of visible high‐grade dysplasia, invisible high‐grade dysplasia, visible low‐grade dysplasia and invisible low‐grade dysplasia were 13.7% (95% CI 0.0‐54.1), 11.4% (95% CI 4.6‐20.3), 2.7% (95% CI 0.0‐7.1) and 2.4% (95% CI 0.0‐8.5) respectively. The lowest incidences of metachronous advanced neoplasia, for dysplasia not managed with immediate colectomy but followed up with surveillance, tended to be reported by the studies where high definition imaging and/or chromoendoscopy was used and endoscopic resection of visible dysplasia was histologically confirmed.ConclusionsThe prognosis of IBD‐dysplasia diagnosed in the videoendoscopic era appears to have been improved but the quality of evidence remains low. Larger, prospective studies are needed to guide management.PROSPERO registration no: CRD42019105736.
Sequential systemic treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kirstein Martha M. , Scheiner Bernhard , Marwede Tristan , Wolf Caroline , Voigtländer Torsten , Semmler Georg , Wacker Frank , Manns Michael P. , Hinrichs Jan B. , Pinter Matthias , Vogel Arndt 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers. After many years of stagnation, there are now several systemic treatments available for patients with HCC.AimTo analyse the feasibility and efficacy of sequential systemic treatments in patients with HCC in clinical practice.MethodsIn this multicentre study, patients who were treated with novel systemic therapies for HCC between 2014 and 2019 at two referral centres, Hannover Medical School, Germany, and Medical University of Vienna, Austria, were included.ResultsOverall, 85 patients were included of which 76 patients (89.4%) received more than one and a maximum of five systemic treatment lines. The most common therapy sequence was sorafenib (n = 72; 84.7%) followed by regorafenib (n = 37; 48.7%), whereas 11 patients were initially treated with lenvatinib (12.9%). Other second‐line treatments included pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cabozantinib and ramucirumab. Hepatic function deteriorated during sequential systemic treatment in 48.6% of the patients as defined by an increase in at least one Child‐Pugh point. Median overall survival (mOS) from the start of first systemic treatment was 35 months for patients with sequential systemic treatment compared to 9 months for patients with one systemic treatment line (P < 0.001). Patients previously treated with surgical/locoregional therapies had a longer mOS compared to patients with initial systemic treatment (66 vs 25 months; P = 0.020).ConclusionsSequential systemic treatment is feasible and effective in selected patients with HCC in clinical practice. Our study underlines the critical importance of well‐preserved liver function for successful administration of sequential systemic therapy.
Utilitarianism and the pandemic
Authors: Savulescu Julian , Persson Ingmar , Wilkinson Dominic 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere are no egalitarians in a pandemic. The scale of the challenge for health systems and public policy means that there is an ineluctable need to prioritize the needs of the many. It is impossible to treat all citizens equally, and a failure to carefully consider the consequences of actions could lead to massive preventable loss of life. In a pandemic there is a strong ethical need to consider how to do most good overall. Utilitarianism is an influential moral theory that states that the right action is the action that is expected to produce the greatest good. It offers clear operationalizable principles. In this paper we provide a summary of how utilitarianism could inform two challenging questions that have been important in the early phase of the pandemic: (a) Triage: which patients should receive access to a ventilator if there is overwhelming demand outstripping supply? (b) Lockdown: how should countries decide when to implement stringent social restrictions, balancing preventing deaths from COVID‐19 with causing deaths and reductions in well‐being from other causes? Our aim is not to argue that utilitarianism is the only relevant ethical theory, or in favour of a purely utilitarian approach. However, clearly considering which options will do the most good overall will help societies identify and consider the necessary cost of other values. Societies may choose either to embrace or not to embrace the utilitarian course, but with a clear understanding of the values involved and the price they are willing to pay.
Collagen fingerprinting for the species identification of archaeological amphibian remains
Authors: Buckley Michael , Cheylan Marc 
Published: May 2020

Amphibians are well known as being one of the main groups of animals today most threatened by environmental changes but they are also some of the least well understood of all terrestrial vertebrates. This gap in knowledge is much greater as we look further back into the relatively recent past, despite representing an invaluable resources in archaeological and palaeontological assemblages that are more indicative of palaeoclimate conditions than most other vertebrate taxa. This in part stems from their remains being typically much less studied, partly due to the less common forms of expertise required for identifications based on skeletal morphology – the most frequently observed tissue that remains in ancient assemblages. Here we apply a method of biomolecular species identification by collagen peptide mass fingerprinting to the British Late Pleistocene assemblage of Pin Hole Cave (Creswell Crags, UK) as well as a range of relevant extant taxa for comparison. Our results demonstrate the ability to separate at the species level with all modern taxa investigated, allowing for the identification of these archaeological remains to the amphibian taxa known to exist in Late Pleistocene Britain. Analyses of the Pin Hole assemblage found a dominance of the two species previously known from the site (common frogs and toads: Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo, respectively) and also a small number of the rarer natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita) not previously identified in the Creswell Crags region but known from other sites in the UK; additionally, one specimen appeared to yield the fingerprint of the moor frog (R. arvalis), now extinct in the UK. As such, collagen fingerprinting is here shown to widen the known palaeobiodiversity of taxa, and highlights the further potential to enhance our understanding of climate change in the past.
ZerNet: Convolutional Neural Networks on Arbitrary Surfaces Via Zernike Local Tangent Space Estimation
Authors: Sun Zhiyu , Rooke Ethan , Charton Jerome , He Yusen , Lu Jia , Baek Stephen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel formulation extending convolutional neural networks (CNN) to arbitrary two‐dimensional manifolds using orthogonal basis functions called Zernike polynomials. In many areas, geometric features play a key role in understanding scientific trends and phenomena, where accurate numerical quantification of geometric features is critical. Recently, CNNs have demonstrated a substantial improvement in extracting and codifying geometric features. However, the progress is mostly centred around computer vision and its applications where an inherent grid‐like data representation is naturally present. In contrast, many geometry processing problems deal with curved surfaces and the application of CNNs is not trivial due to the lack of canonical grid‐like representation, the absence of globally consistent orientation and the incompatible local discretizations. In this paper, we show that the Zernike polynomials allow rigourous yet practical mathematical generalization of CNNs to arbitrary surfaces. We prove that the convolution of two functions can be represented as a simple dot product between Zernike coefficients and the rotation of a convolution kernel is essentially a set of 2 × 2 rotation matrices applied to the coefficients. The key contribution of this work is in such a computationally efficient but rigorous generalization of the major CNN building blocks.
Betting on Potatoes: Accumulation in Times of Agrarian Crisis in Punjab, India
Authors: Sinha Shreya 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTDespite the widespread consensus that neoliberal India is reeling under an overarching agrarian crisis, this article argues that at least some capitalist farmers are continuing to accumulate and are thereby contributing to the process of class differentiation. Through a study of potato‐growing capitalist farmers in Punjab, the archetypal Green Revolution state of India, the author shows that such farmers can navigate complex production and market processes to make profits. However, risks of volatile prices and land and credit markets have made capital accumulation more uncertain. While potato is a minor crop in Punjab and the case cannot be generalized, it brings into focus both under‐explored non‐state actors and processes in the state, and important tendencies of change since the plateauing of Green Revolution technologies. The analysis also highlights the agency of such farmers in negotiating a transformed political economy context, including the presence of corporate agribusinesses.
Risk factors of delayed bleeding after endoscopic resection of superficial non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors and prevention by over‐the‐scope and conventional clipping
Authors: Ohata Ken , Sakai Eiji , Suzuki Yuichiro , Takayanagi Shunya , Kurebayashi Marie , Kimoto Yoshiaki , Ishii Rindo , Konishi Takafumi , Ono Kohei , Hirata Tomoya , Kanda Keisuke , Takita Maiko , Negishi Ryoju , Minato Yohei , Muramoto Takashi , Satodate Hitoshi , Taguri Masataka , Matsuhashi Nobuyuki 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThis study was aimed to reveal risk factors for delayed bleeding after endoscopic resection (ER) of superficial non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) and at exploring measures to prevent this complication.MethodsA total of 235 consecutive patients with 249 SNADETs who had undergone ER were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups: OTSC group, consisting of the initial 114 cases in which the defects were closed only using OTSCs; and OTSC‐c group, consisting of the later 135 cases in which conventional clips were additionally used to cover the inverted submucosa after post‐procedure defect closure using OTSCs. The therapeutic outcomes were then compared between the OTSC and OTSC‐c groups.ResultsAll lesions were successfully resected en‐bloc, and the R0 resection rate was 92.4%. The complete defect closure rate was 90.0% and no delayed perforation occurred when successful defect closure was achieved. The rate of delayed bleeding was significantly higher in the OTSC group than in OTSC‐c group (11.4% vs. 1.5%, P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that tumor location distal to the ampulla (OR 10.0; 95% CI 1.24–81.0, P = 0.03) and use of a DOAC (OR 8.83; 95% CI 1.13–68.7, P = 0.04) were significant independent predictors of delayed bleeding. Propensity score‐matching analysis revealed that additional use of conventional clips was associated with a significantly reduced risk of delayed bleeding (P = 0.003).ConclusionsAdditional use of conventional clips after prophylactic defect closure using OTSCs appears to be useful to reduce the risk of delayed bleeding after ER of SNADETs.UMIN Clinical Trials (No. 000035478).
Foliar nematode, Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii, population dynamics in leaves and buds of beech leaf disease‐affected trees in Canada and the US
Authors: Reed Sharon E. , Greifenhagen Sylvia , Yu Qing , Hoke Adam , Burke David J. , Carta Lynn K. , Handoo Zafar A. , Kantor Mihail R. , Koch Jennifer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA foliar nematode, Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii, is associated with beech leaf disease (BLD) symptoms. Information about the types of tissues parasitized and how nematode populations fluctuate in these tissues over time is needed to improve surveys as well as understand the nematodes role in BLD. During this study, the nematode was detected throughout the known range of BLD by researchers at both Canadian and US institutions using a modified pan method to extract nematodes. Monthly collections of symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves during the growing season (May–October), and leaves and buds between growing seasons (November–March), revealed that nematodes were present in all tissue types. Progressively larger numbers of nematodes were detected in symptomatic leaves from Ohio and Ontario, with the greatest detections at the end of the growing season. Smaller numbers of nematodes were detected in asymptomatic leaves from BLD‐infected trees, typically at the end of the growing season. The nematode was detected overwintering in buds and detached leaves. The discovery of small numbers of nematodes in detached leaves at one location before BLD was detected indicates that nematodes may have been present before disease symptoms were expressed. Other nematodes, Plectus and Aphelenchoides spp., were infrequently detected in small numbers. Our findings support the involvement of the nematode in BLD and indicate that symptoms develop only when certain requirements, such as infection of buds, are met. We also found that the nematode can be reliably detected in buds and leaves using the modified pan extraction method.
Across‐session consistency of context‐driven language processing: A magnetoencephalography study
Authors: Roos Natascha Marie , Piai Vitória 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChanges in brain organization following damage are commonly observed, but they remain poorly understood. These changes are often studied with imaging techniques that overlook the temporal granularity at which language processes occur. By contrast, electrophysiological measures provide excellent temporal resolution. To test the suitability of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to track language‐related neuroplasticity, the present study aimed at establishing the spectro‐temporo‐spatial across‐session consistency of context‐driven picture naming in healthy individuals, using MEG in two test–retest sessions. Spectro‐temporo‐spatial test–retest consistency in a healthy population is a prerequisite for studying neuronal changes in clinical populations over time. For this purpose, 15 healthy speakers were tested with MEG while performing a context‐driven picture‐naming task at two time points. Participants read a sentence missing the final word and named a picture completing the sentence. Sentences were constrained or unconstrained toward the picture, such that participants could either retrieve the picture name through sentence context (constrained sentences), or could only name it after the picture appeared (unconstrained sentences). The context effect (constrained versus unconstrained) in picture‐naming times had a strong effect size and high across‐session consistency. The context MEG results revealed alpha–beta power decreases (10–20 Hz) in the left temporal and inferior parietal lobule that were consistent across both sessions. As robust spectro‐temporo‐spatial findings in a healthy population are required for working toward longitudinal patient studies, we conclude that using context‐driven language production and MEG is a suitable way to examine language‐related neuroplasticity after brain damage.
Plant community composition steers grassland vegetation via soil legacy effects
Authors: Heinen Robin , Hannula S. Emilia , De Long Jonathan R. , Huberty Martine , Jongen Renske , Kielak Anna , Steinauer Katja , Zhu Feng , Bezemer T. Martijn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSoil legacy effects are commonly highlighted as drivers of plant community dynamics and species co‐existence. However, experimental evidence for soil legacy effects of conditioning plant communities on responding plant communities under natural conditions is lacking. We conditioned 192 grassland plots using six different plant communities with different ratios of grasses and forbs and for different durations. Soil microbial legacies were evident for soil fungi, but not for soil bacteria, while soil abiotic parameters did not significantly change in response to conditioning. The soil legacies affected the composition of the succeeding vegetation. Plant communities with different ratios of grasses and forbs left soil legacies that negatively affected succeeding plants of the same functional type. We conclude that fungal‐mediated soil legacy effects play a significant role in vegetation assembly of natural plant communities.
European Academy of Neurology guideline on the management of medication‐overuse headache
Authors: Diener H. C. , Antonaci F. , Braschinsky M. , Evers S. , Jensen R. , Lainez M. , Kristoffersen E. S. , Tassorelli C. , Ryliskiene K. , Petersen J. A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe frequent use of medication to treat migraine attacks can lead to an increase in migraine frequency and is called medication‐overuse headache (MOH).MethodsBased on the available literature in this guideline, the first step in patient management is education and counselling.ResultsPatients with MOH should be managed by a multidisciplinary team of neurologists or pain specialists and behavioral psychologists. Patients in whom education is not effective should be withdrawn from overused drugs and should receive preventive treatment with drugs of proven efficacy. Patients with MOH in whom preventive treatment is not effective should undergo drug withdrawal. Drug intake can be abruptly terminated or restricted in patients overusing simple analgesics, ergots or triptan medication. In patients with long‐lasting abuse of opioids, barbiturates or tranquilizers, slow tapering of these drugs is recommended. Withdrawal can be performed on an outpatient basis or in a daycare or inpatient setting.