bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can role models help encourage young people to apply to (selective) universities? Evidence from a large scale English field experiment
Authors: Sanders Michael , Chande Raj , Kozman Eliza , Leunig Tim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Under-participation in selective universities lowers social mobility in England, the United States, and elsewhere. English universities have standardized tuition costs, and strongly heterogeneous graduate earnings. Attending a selective university is therefore strongly incentivized, yet under-participation is extensive. The British Government sent 11,104 “nudge” letters to school students whose prior attainment made them competitive for entry into selective universities, urging them to consider that option. We evaluate this RCT and find it effective at raising the number of students who apply to, and accept offers from, selective universities. We find the cost to be low relative to outcomes.
Associations Between Dental Care Approachability and Dental Attendance Among Women Pregnant With an Indigenous Child: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gao Yuan , Ju Xiangqun , Jamieson Lisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Oral health during pregnancy is vital for both mother and child. Indigenous Australians face many barriers in accessing dental care. Service approachability is one of the key domains in accessing health services. There is little empirical evidence of the association between service approachability and dental care attendance or oral health outcome. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between dental service approachability on dental care attendance and self-reported gum disease among South Australian women pregnant with an Aboriginal child.Methods Four hundred and twenty-seven women pregnant with an Aboriginal child completed questionnaires in both metropolitan and regional health settings in South Australia in 2011. Four variables related to approachability of dental services: (1) perception of need; (2) service-related health literacy; (3) oral health beliefs and; (4) trust and expectation of dental service. The association between service approachability-related factors, dental utilisation and self-reported gum disease during pregnancy were assessed using Generalised Poisson regression models, after adjusting for age, remoteness, employment status and education. Estimates were presented as adjusted prevalence ratios (APR).Results Most participants (85.8%) reported a need for dental care, had positive oral health beliefs (88.3%) and had expectations towards dental care (86.2%). Dental service utilisation during pregnancy was low (35.7%). Many participants (78.0%) expressed knowing what to do if they needed dental care, while most (39.8%) doubted that dental care would be available the next day. Poor health service literacy was identified as a risk factor for non-optimal dental attendance (APR=0.86, 95%CI: 0.74-0.99). Perceived need for dental care was positively associated with self-reported gum disease (APR= 1.24 95%CI 1.06-1.45).Conclusion Inability to navigate the dental care system was a risk factor for poor dental attendance among South Australian women pregnant with an Aboriginal child. Perceived need for dental care was associated with gum disease.
Disease-Related Risk Factors for CVC-Related Symptomatic Thrombosis in Surgical ICU Inpatients
Authors: Liu Xiaochun , Zhu Yunlin , Kuang Zhiming , Zheng Guofu , Liu Yuanfei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To report the rate of symptomatic catheter-related venous thrombosis (CRVT) in surgical intensive care unit patients receiving central venous catheters (CVC) and analyze the disease-related risk factors for symptomatic CRVT in SICU patients. A retrospective analysis was performed on 1643 critically ill patients admitted to the SICU from January 2015 to December 2019. Cases were divided into two groups based on the presence of symptomatic CRVT, and the variables of interest were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Logistic univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors of SCRVT. A total of 209 symptomatic CRVT events occurred among 2114 catheters. Multivariate analysis showed that trauma (odds ratio [OR], 2.046; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.325-3.160], P = 0.001), major surgery (OR, 2.457; 95% CI [1.641-3.679], P = 0.000), and heart failure (OR, 2.087; 95% CI [1.401-3.111], P = 0.000) were independent risk factors for symptomatic CRVT in SICU. The AUROC for this model was 0.610 (95% CI [0.569-0.651], P=0.000). The incidence rate was 9.89%. For patients hospitalized in the SICU, especially those admitted with these three conditions, thromboprophylaxis and/or mechanical prophylaxis should be actively provided to reduce the occurrence of symptomatic CRVT.
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate facilitates the progression of alcoholic fatty liver via mediating oxidative stress injury and lipid peroxidation in rats
Authors: Xu Qiang , Ji Ke , Zhao Zongbiao , Huang Song , Zhang Xiang , Xu Weiping , Wei Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Long-term excessive drinking can cause various harms to the human body. Alcoholic fatty liver is the manifestation of early liver lesions mainly induced by alcohol. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, as one of the environmental internal-secretion interfering-substance, is widely used in industrial processing and various consumer goods. Large quantities of epidemiological investigations and studies have shown that frequent exposure to high concentrations of DEHP may be a potential risk factor for liver function. Methods: We used DEHP to expose alcohol-induced fatty liver rats to study the effect of DEHP on alcoholic fatty liver. Results: The results found that DEHP exposure prominently accelerated hepatic steatosis, inflammation and oxidant stress, and activates signaling pathways involved in liver inflammation and oxidative stress-related proteins expression. Studies have suggested that cytochrome P450 2E1 and silent information regulator-1 are closely related to the occurrence of alcoholic fatty liver disease. Interestingly, the trend observed in the LO-2 cells assay was consistent with the in vivo conditions. Conclusions: DEHP may promote or aggravate the progression of alcoholic fatty liver disease through CYP2E1, SIRT1 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) / nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways. And this experimental study warns us that the environmental pollutants DEHP and its potential toxicity hazards to the human body are worthy of attention.
Cancer Related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Among Community Health Care Providers and Health Assistants in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Mubin Nazirum , Baten Redwan Bin Abdul , Jahan Sayeeda , Zohora Fatema Tuz , Chowdhury Naim , Faruque Golam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer remains one of the primary causes of death in Bangladesh. The success of cancer control in rural areas depends on the ability of the health care system and workforce to identify and manage cases properly at early stages. Community Health Workers (CHW) can play a vital role in this process. The present study aims to assess cancer related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) among 2 categories of CHWs - Community Health Care Providers (CHCP) and Health Assistants (HA) in rural Bangladesh. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire from July 2019 to June 2020. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to determine the sample. One Upazilla Health Complex (UHC) from each of the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh were randomly chosen as study sites, from which 325 CHCPs and HAs were in the final sample. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed to determine the association between KAP scores and demographic variables. Results: Our study shows that a modest number of respondents scored above average in the knowledge (54.15%), attitude (58.15%), and practice (65.54%) sections. Majority CHCPs (90.91%) and HAs (96.06%) did not receive govt. training on cancer. Only 20.71% HAs and 25.2% CHCPs knew about the availability of cancer treatment options in Bangladesh. Uncertainty about the availability of relevant treatments or vaccinations at public facilities was also high. Having cancer in the family, income, duration of employment and workplace locations were important predictors of cancer related KAP scores. Conclusion: Healthcare workforce’s knowledge gap and unfavorable attitude towards cancer may result in poor delivery of care at the rural level. For many people in rural areas, CHCPs and HAs are the first point of contact with the healthcare system and thus effective cancer control strategies must consider them as key stakeholders. Targeted training programs must be adopted to address the cancer related KAP gaps among CHCPs and HAs.
Orthotic Treatment of Idiopathic Toe Walking with A Circular Lower Leg Orthosis
Authors: Bauer Magdalena , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Prodinger Peter , Salzmann Maya , Berger Nina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: There is no universally accepted treatment standard for idiopathic toe walking patients (ITW) in the current literature. None of the established methods provide homogenous satisfying results. In our department we treat ITW patients with lower leg orthoses with a circular foot unit for a total of 16 weeks. In this study we reviewed our database to evaluate the success of our treatment protocol for 24 months. Results: 22 patients were included in the study. Age at the beginning of treatment was 7.0 years +/-2.9 (range 2.5-13.1). Percentage of ITW at the beginning of treatment according to the perception of the parents was 89% +/-22.2 (range 50-100). Immediately after the treatment with our device, percentage of ITW dropped to 11% +/-13.2 (range 0-50). After 12 months, 73% of the patients (16/22) walked completely normal or showed ITW less than 10% of the day. After 24 months, 64% of the patients kept a normal gait (14/22). Conclusion: This study provides evidence that the treatment of idiopathic toe walking with lower leg orthoses with a circular foot unit results in satisfying long-term results in two thirds of the patients.
Long-Term Follow-Up Results of Day Surgery for Lumbar Disc Herniation Using Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: A Single-Center Experience of 267 Cases.
Authors: Song Zhaojun , Ran Maobo , Luo Juan , Zhang Kai , Ye Yongjie , Zheng Jiazhuang , Zhang Zhi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Although numerous studies have shown good clinical results of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) for hospitalized patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH), there are few articles that report on the day surgery patients undergoing PELD.Methods: Atotal of 267 patients with LDH received PELD during day surgery were followed up for at least 3 years. Relevant data and clinical outcomeswere recorded and assessed. Meanwhile, we compared the clinical effects between patients treated by PELD during day surgery and microendoscopic discectomy (MED) for contemporaneous hospitalized patients with LDH (116 patients).Results: Patients treated by PELD had lower blood loss (10.8 ± 4.1 mL, 71.3 ± 23.3 mL,respectively; P < 0.001) and shorter hospital stay ( 22.7 ± 4.2 hours, 48.1 ± 22.6 hours, respectively; P < 0.001 ) compared with patients treated by MED. The visual analogue scale (VAS) for leg and back pain (VAS-L and VAS-B, respectively) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) decreased significantly after PELD than those before the operation at 3 years postoperative, and the postoperative VAS-B in PELD group was significantly decreased from the MED group ( P = 0.001). The complications rate was 9.4% (25/267) in the PELD group and 12.1% (14/116) in the MED group, without significant difference ( P = 0.471). The 1-year postoperative recurrence rate in PELD group ( 5.2%, 14/267) was much higher than that in MED group ( 0.9%, 1/116) ( P = 0.042). The postoperative lumbar lordosis（LL）(34.0 ±10.3 ), and sacral slope（SS) (27.5 ± 5.6) in PELD group improved significantly compared with the values in MED group (26.9 ± 9.8, 23.6 ± 6.8, respectively; all P < 0.001). The disc-height ratio at 3-year follow-up was ( 85.7 ± 6.4) % of the preoperative disc height in PELD group while ( 81.9 ± 7.0) % in MED group，with significant height loss in MED group ( P = 0.014).Conclusions: Day surgery for LDH undergoing PELD has favorable long-term outcomes.
Rapid Discovery of Self-Assembling Peptides with One-Bead One-Compound Peptide Libraries
Authors: Yang Peipei , Li Yi-Jing , Cao Yan , Zhang Lu , Wang Jia-Qi , Lai Zi-Wei , Zhang Kuo , Xiao Wenwu , Cao Hui , Wang Lei , Wang Hao , Liu Ruiwu , Lam Kit 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Self-assembling peptides have shown tremendous potential in the fields of material sciences, nanoscience, and medicine. Because of the vast combinatorial space of even short peptides, identification of self-assembling sequences remains a challenge. Herein, we develop an experimental method to rapidly screen a huge array of peptide sequences for self-assembling property, using the one-bead one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial library method. In this approach, peptides on beads are N-terminally capped with nitro-1,2,3-benzoxadiazole, a hydrophobicity-sensitive fluorescence molecule. Beads displaying self-assembling peptides would fluoresce under aqueous environment. Using this approach, we identified eight pentapeptides, all of which were able to self-assemble into nanoparticles or nanofibers. Some of them were able to interact with and taken up efficiently by HeLa cells. Intracellular distribution varied among these non-toxic peptidic nanoparticles. This novel but very simple screening strategy, has enabled rapid identification of self-assembling peptides suitable for the development of nanostructures for various biomedical and material applications.
How Do Pain-Response Patterns Influence the Course of Acute Low Back Pain? A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Surbeck Ursula , Pfeiffer Fabian , Hotz-Boendermaker Sabina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Pain-response patterns influence the daily activities and behavior of patients with low back pain (LBP). They are also a potential risk factor for pain persistence. Previous studies identified three subgroups of pain-response patterns: avoidance, endurance, and adaptive. In this study, we investigated the interaction effects of distinct pain-response patterns on pain intensity, disability and movement control impairment (MCI). Methods The 66 participants in this prospective cohort study had acute LBP, assessed at four time points over 6 months. Demographic, clinical and psychosocial data were collected, and MCI was examined.Results The results showed no significant between-group interactions of the different pain-response patterns with pain intensity, disability or MCI. However, within-group decreases in pain intensity and the disability level from the acute to the subacute phase were identified. In addition, the relative risk of persistent LBP was higher in the endurance response subgroup than in the adaptive subgroup at 6 months. MCI remained stable and at a low level throughout the observation period and did not correlate with pain or disability.Conclusions Screening for pain-response patterns may lead to a better understanding of patients’ underlying motivation in the broader context of their valued goals. Our findings provide further evidence of altered movement control throughout the course of LBP and thus the importance of early interventions. However, MCI tests allowing more subtle assessments of movement control are needed. Finally, patients with an acute episode of LBP may benefit from a multidimensional clinical approach that takes into account both physical and psychological health.
Human Molecular Evolutive Rate, Time Dependency and Transient Polymorphism Effects Viewed Through Ancient and Modern Mitochondrial DNA Genomes.
Authors: Cabrera Vicente 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Human evolutionary genetics gives a chronological framework to interpret the human history. It is based on the molecular clock hypothesis that suppose a straightforward relationship between the pace of the mutation rate and the evolutive rate with independence of other factors as demography dynamics. Analyzing ancient and modern human complete mitochondrial genomes we constate here that, along the time, the evolutive rate can be significantly slower or faster than the average germline mutation rate confirming a time dependence effect mainly attributable to changes in the effective population size of the human populations, with an exponential growth in recent times. We also detect that transient polymorphisms play a slowdown role in the evolutive rate deduced from haplogroup intraspecific trees. Finally, we propose the use of the most evolved lineages within haplogroups as a practical approach to correct these molecular clock mismatches.
The Association of Healthy Behaviors and Metabolic Factors With Dyslipidemia Among Miao Adults:&nbsp;The&nbsp;China&nbsp;Multi-Ethnic&nbsp;Cohort&nbsp;(CMEC)&nbsp;Study
Authors: Nie Fang , Wang Ziyun , Zeng Qibing , Guan Han , Yang Jingyuan , Luo Peng , Du Lunwei , Wang Junhua , Hong Feng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Behavioral and metabolic risk factors will increase the risk of dyslipidemia, the association of behaviors and metabolic factors with dyslipidemia among Miao adults are still unclear. Objective: To evaluate the association between behaviors, metabolic factors and dyslipidemia.Methods: Based on the CMEC study, a representative samples of 5,559 Miao participants aged 30 to 79 years old who were included in the baseline survey from 2018 to 2019 were analyzed. A binary logistic regression model was utilized to evaluate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the associations of healthy behaviors and metabolic factors with dyslipidemia.Results: In both sexes, only a small percentage of females with ideal levels of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (27.2%). However, participants were more likely to have ideal levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG). In addition, males with dyslipidemia had poor levels of body mass index (BMI) (60.3%), WHR (59.2%) and FBG (65.8%). While females with dyslipidemia had poor levels of FBG (60.0%). Notably, our study found that WHR, BMI, FBG, and blood pressure were major risk factors for almost all dyslipidemia components. Conclusions: The rate of dyslipidemia cannot be ignored, particularly high TG levels. In addition, healthy behaviors and metabolic factors, especially WHR, BMI, FBG levels, and blood pressure were significantly associated with dyslipidemia, which may have become a major challenge to public health problems in the ethnic minority areas of Guizhou.
Peginterferon Lambda-1a for treatment of outpatients with uncomplicated COVID-19: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Jagannathan Prasanna , Andrews Jason , Bonilla Hector , Hedlin Haley , Jacobson Karen , Balasubramanian Vidhya , Purington Natasha , Kamble Savita , de Vries Christiaan , Quintero Orlando , Feng Kent , Ley Catherline , Winslow Dean , Newberry Jennifer , Edwards Karlie , Hislop Colin , Choong Ingrid , Maldonado Yvonne , Glenn Jeffery , Bhatt Ami , Blish Catherine , Wang Taia , Khosla Chaitan , Pinsky Benjamin , Desai Manisha , Parsonnet Julie , Singh Upinder 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Type III interferons have been touted as promising therapeutics in outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled trial in 120 patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 to determine whether a single, 180 mcg subcutaneous dose of Peginterferon Lambda-1a (Lambda) could shorten the duration of viral shedding (primary endpoint) or symptoms (secondary endpoint, NCT04331899). In both the 60 patients receiving Lambda and 60 receiving placebo, the median time to cessation of viral shedding was 7 days (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56 to 1.19). Symptoms resolved in 8 and 9 days in Lambda and placebo, respectively (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.64 to 1.39). At enrollment; 41% of subjects were SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositive; compared to placebo, lambda tended to delay shedding cessation in seronegatives (aHR 0.66, 95% CI 0.39-1.10) and to hasten shedding cessation in seropositives (aHR 1.58, 95% CI 0.88-2.86; p for interaction = 0.03). Liver transaminase elevations were more common in the Lambda vs. placebo arm (15/60 vs 5/60; p = 0.027). In this study, a single dose of subcutaneous Peginterferon Lambda-1a neither shortened the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding nor improved symptoms in outpatients with uncomplicated COVID-19.
Examining Changes in Personality Following Shamanic Ceremonial Use of Ayahuasca
Authors: Weiss Brandon , Miller Joshua , Carter Nathan , Campbell W. Keith 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present study examines the association between the ceremonial use of ayahuasca – a decoction combining the Banistereopsis caapi vine and N,N Dimethyltryptamine-containing plants – and changes in personality traits as conceived by the Five-Factor model (FFM); as well as the degree to which demographic characteristics, baseline personality, and acute post-ayahuasca experiences affect personality change. Method: Participants recruited from three ayahuasca healing and spiritual centers in South and Central America (N=256) completed self-report measures of personality at three timepoints (Baseline, Post, 3-Month Follow-up). Informant-report measures of the FFM were also obtained (N=110). Results: Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in personality and the moderation of those changes by covariates. The most pronounced change was a reduction in Neuroticism dself-reportT1-T2=1.00; dself-reportT1-T3=.85; dinformant-reportT1-T3=.62), reflected in self- and informant-report data. Moderation of personality change by baseline personality, acute experiences, and purgative experiences was also observed.
Age-Stratified Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Between Medical and Surgical Treatments in Patients with Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Nakamaru Ryo , Yamamoto Koichi , Akasaka Hiroshi , Rakugi Hiromi , Kurihara Isao , Yoneda Takashi , Ichijo Takamasa , Katabami Takuyuki , Tsuiki Mika , Wada Norio , Yamada Tetsuya , Kobayashi Hiroki , Tamura Kouichi , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Kawashima Junji , Inagaki Nobuya , Fujita Megumi , Watanabe Minemori , Kamemura Kohei , Okamura Shintaro , Tanabe Akiyo , Naruse Mitsuhide 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although adrenalectomy (ADX) is an established treatment for unilateral primary aldosteronism (uPA), the influence of age on the surgical outcomes is poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate how age affects the clinical outcomes after treatments. We analyzed 153 older (≥65 years) and 702 younger patients (<65 years) with uPA, treated either with ADX or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) in the Japan PA Study, and compared the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or blood pressure over a 36-month period after treatments. ADX-treated patients showed severer biochemical indicators than MRA-treated patients. During 6 and 36 months, the eGFR decreased more prominently in older but not in younger patients with ADX than in those with MRA, which remained significant after adjustment with the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). There was a significant interaction between the age-groups and the treatment choices in the change of the eGFR with IPTW-adjusted analysis. The post-treatment dose of antihypertensive medication was lower in younger and higher in older patients with ADX than those with MRA. The clinical benefit of ADX differed between younger and older patients with uPA. These findings indicate the need for further validation on whether ADX can benefit older patients with uPA.