bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of food‐to‐food fortification with cowpea leaves and orange‐fleshed sweet potato, in combination with conventional fortification, to improve the cellular uptake of iron and zinc from ready‐to‐eat maize porridges
Authors: Kruger Johanita 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn emerging tool in the fight against the high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in sub‐Saharan Africa is the production of nutritionally enhanced staple food products, through food‐to‐food fortification with micronutrient‐dense fruits and vegetables. This study investigated food‐to‐food fortification with cowpea leaves (CL) and orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) in combination with conventional micronutrient fortification and fermentation on the mineral and antinutrient contents and Caco‐2 cellular uptake of iron and zinc from ready‐to‐eat maize porridges. The amount of iron and zinc taken up from maize porridges (0.05 and 0.06 mg/100 g, db, respectively) was increased more after fortification with CL, compared to OFSP (0.32 and 0.23 mg/100 g, db versus. 0.11 and 0.04 mg/100 g, db, respectively). Despite the moderate cellular uptakes of iron and zinc from the CL fortified porridges (2.71% and 3.10%, respectively) compared to the OFSP fortified porridges (6.51% and 5.22%, respectively), the CL fortified porridges had much higher high iron and zinc contents (12.2–14.1 and 7.6–8.9 mg/100 g, db versus. 2.1–3.7 and 1.5–2.7 mg/100 g, db, respectively). This highlights the importance of increasing both the mineral content and bioavailability when fortifying a product. Even when a food product contains substantial antinutrients such as CL, if the mineral content and contents of bioavailability enhancers are high enough, the amounts of bioavailable iron and zinc can still be improved.
Evaluation of image processing technique and discriminant analysis methods in postharvest processing of carrot fruit
Authors: Jahanbakhshi Ahmad , Kheiralipour Kamran 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe most important process before packaging and preserving agricultural products is sorting operation. Sort of carrot by human labor is involved in many problems such as high cost and product waste. Image processing is a modern method, which has different applications in agriculture including classification and sorting. The aim of this study was to classify carrot based on shape using image processing technique. For this, 135 samples with different regular and irregular shapes were selected. After image acquisition and preprocessing, some features such as length, width, breadth, perimeter, elongation, compactness, roundness, area, eccentricity, centroid, centroid nonhomogeneity, and width nonhomogeneity were extracted. After feature selection, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) methods were used to classify the features. The classification accuracies of the methods were 92.59 and 96.30, respectively. It can be stated that image processing is an effective way in improving the traditional carrot sorting techniques.
Solar Cell Based on Hybrid Structural SiNW/Poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(styrenesulfonate)/Graphene
Authors: Anh Nguyen Ngoc , Van Chuc Nguyen , Thang Bui Hung , Van Nhat Pham , Hao NguyenVan , Phuong Doan Dinh , Minh Phan Ngoc , Subramani Thiyagu , Fukata Naoki , Van Trinh Pham 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSolar energy is considered as a potential alternative energy source. The solar cell is classified into three main types: i) solar cells based on bulk silicon materials (monocrystalline, polycrystalline), ii) thin‐film solar cells (CIGS, CdTe, DSSC, etc.), and iii) solar cells based on nanostructures and nanomaterials. Nowadays, commercial solar cells are usually made by bulk silicon material, which requires not only high fabrication costs but also limited performance. In this study, the fabrication of high‐performance solar cells based on hybrid structure of silicon nanowires/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/graphene (SiNW/PEDOT:PSS/Gr) is focused upon. SiNWs with different lengths of 125, 400, 800 nm, and 2 µm are fabricated by a metal‐assisted chemical etching method, and their influence on the performance of the hybrid solar cells is studied and investigated. The experimental results indicate that the suitable SiNW length for the fabrication of the hybrid solar cells is about 400 nm and the best power conversion efficiency obtained is about 9.05%, which is about 2.1 times higher than that of the planar Si solar cell.
Stokes flow and heat transfer past a circular cylinder in a square cavity with suction/injection on sidewalls
Authors: Muduganti Pavankumar Reddy , Josyula Ramana Murthy V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe laminar viscous fluid flow past a circular cylinder placed in a square cavity of a uniform cross‐section is generated by applying injection/suction at the adjacent sidewalls. The temperature on the side walls without suction and on the boundary of the cylinder is kept constant, and constant heat flux is maintained on the walls with suction. The streamline flow pattern and isothermal lines are drawn. The flow is assumed to be Stokesian. Hence, the resulting biharmonic equation is solved for stream function by expressing it in two coupled equations, and a 5‐point formula is used to solve these equations. Fictitious nodes are introduced for derivative boundary conditions for stream function by using a central difference scheme, and a 3‐point backward difference formula is used for derivative boundary conditions on temperature.
Stable isotope fractionations in the evaporation of water: The wind effect
Authors: Gonfiantini Roberto , Wassenaar Leonard I. , Araguas‐Araguas Luis J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe performed pan evaporation experiments with the objective of exploring the behaviour of the long‐standing Craig–Gordon (C–G) stable isotope model for evaporation under different conditions of air turbulence. The water lost through evaporation was automatically replenished so that a steady isotopic composition was reached, the value of which depended on the isotopic composition of the replenishment water and environmental parameters like temperature, relative humidity and isotopic composition of the atmospheric vapour, and the air turbulence index. The pans were exposed to artificial winds ranging from 0 to 2.5 m/s to change the air turbulence index, which governs the repartition between vapour transported by molecular diffusion and turbulent diffusion. Our data revealed that for wind speeds >0.5 m/s the isotopic composition of the evaporating water deviated from that predicted by the C–G model. This deviation was hypothetically attributed to microdroplets of liquid water removed by the wind without any isotopic fractionation. Isotope mass balance equations allowed us to quantify this water loss, which at wind speeds of ~2 m/s reached 10% of the total evaporation losses. An alternative kinetic evaporation model was proposed whereby the equilibrium layer and the atmospheric laminar layer above the evaporating water of the C–G model were destroyed by the wind and evaporated water molecules were directly injected into the atmosphere. In this model, the isotopic fractionations were due to the slower kinetics of hydrogen bond breakage between molecules in liquid water when heavy isotopes are involved. Accordingly, our data suggested that for isotope water balance studies where winds are frequently above 2 m/s, the C–G model may be inadequate without appropriate corrections for spray vaporization, or the introduction of appropriate kinetic isotope fractionation factors.
Rosacea is associated with conjoined interactions between physical barrier of the skin and microorganisms: A pilot study
Authors: Yuan Chao , Ma Yafeng , Wang Yinjuan , Wang Xiuli , Qian Chunyan , Hocquet Didier , Zheng Shuli , Mac‐Mary Sophie , Humbert Philippe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a common condition characterized by transient or persistent central facial erythema, and often papules and pustules. Currently, the role of bacterium in the development and progression of rosacea remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the difference in the physiological conditions and microorganisms between the lesional and non‐lesional areas of papulopustular rosacea.MethodsTwenty‐five French patients with papulopustular rosacea were enrolled in this pilot study. Each patient was subjected to clinical assessment, and the skin barrier function was tested in lesional and non‐lesional areas. In addition, samples from the lesional and non‐lesional areas were collected for bacterial culturing.ResultsOf all subjects included in the study, a lower skin conductivity was measured in lesional areas than in non‐lesional areas (43.5 ± 12.4 vs. 57.2 ± 11.6 U, P < .05), and a higher transepidermal water loss (TEWL) value was found in lesional areas than in non‐lesional areas (17.2 ± 5.9 vs. 14.2 ± 4.1 g/(m2 h), P < .05). We found a lower TEWL in lesions in rosacea patients with bacterial dysbiosis than in those with bacterial balance (P < .05). In addition, there were significant differences in the skin conductivity and TEWL between lesional and non‐lesional areas in patients with bacterial dysbiosis (P < .001), and no significant differences were seen in patients with bacterial balance (P < .05).ConclusionThe results of the present study demonstrate that the physiological features of rosacea are closely associated with the interactions between the host and the microorganisms.
Advances and challenges in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Yang Hua , Xun Yang , Yang Anping , Liu Fang , You Hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), a rare variant of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, is characterized by distinct biological characteristics and clinical behaviors, and patient prognosis is not satisfactory. The advent of high‐dose (HD) methotrexate (HD‐MTX) therapy has significantly improved PCNSL prognosis. Currently, HD‐MTX‐based chemotherapy regimens are recognized as first‐line treatment. PCNSL is sensitive to radiotherapy, and whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT) can consolidate response to chemotherapy; however, WBRT‐associated delayed neurotoxicity leads to neurocognitive impairment, especially in elderly patients. Other effective approaches include rituximab, temozolomide, and autologous stem‐cell transplantation (ASCT). In addition, new drugs against PCNSL such as those targeting the B‐cell receptor signaling pathway, are undergoing clinical trials. However, optimal therapeutic approaches in PCNSL remain undefined. This review provides an overview of advances in surgical approaches, induction chemotherapy, radiotherapy, ASCT, salvage treatments, and novel therapeutic approaches in immunocompetent patients with PCNSL in the past 5 years. Additionally, therapeutic progress in elderly patients and in those with relapsed/refractory PCNSL is also summarized based on the outcomes of recent clinical studies.
The role of extracellular vesicles from stored RBC units in B lymphocyte survival and plasma cell differentiation
Authors: Gao Yuhan , Jin Haiqiang , Tan Hui , Wang Yan , Wu Jia , Wang Yuqing , Zhang Jianhua , Yang Ying , Tian Wenqin , Hou Ruiqin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, double-membrane vesicles derived from erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and cells of multiple tissues under physiologic or pathologic conditions. The role of EVs in stored RBC units is of great interest with respect to transfusion-related immunomodulation. The current study focuses on the quantity of EVs isolated from stored RBC units and their action on B cell-mediated immune responses. The in vitro experiment demonstrated that EVs exhibited a negative role in B cell survival, plasmacytic differentiation, and class switch recombination under LPS stimulation. Furthermore, LPS-induced antibody production was significantly decreased after EVs injection in vivo. Biochemical analysis revealed that EVs hampered the expression of Blimp-1 and IRF4 and the activation of NF-κB pathway in LPS-primed B cells. Overall, these data imply a vital role for EVs isolated from RBC units in B cell-mediated immune responses.
Prolonged neutrophil survival at necrotic sites is a fundamental feature for tissue recovery and resolution of hepatic inflammation
Authors: Mattos Matheus Silvério , Lopes Mateus Eustáquio , de Araujo Alan Moreira , Alvarenga Débora Moreira , Nakagaki Brenda Naemi , Mafra Kassiana , de Miranda Camila Dutra Moreira , Diniz Ariane Barros , Antunes Maísa Mota , Lopes Maria Alice Freitas , Rezende Rafael Machado , Menezes Gustavo Batista 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Neutrophils were classically described as powerful effectors of acute inflammation, and their main purpose was assumed to be restricted to pathogen killing through production of oxidants. As consequence, neutrophils also may lead to significant collateral damage to the healthy tissues, and after performing these tasks, these leukocytes are supposed to die within tissues. However, there is a growing body of evidence showing that neutrophils also play a pivotal role in the resolution phases of inflammation, because they can modulate tissue environment due to secretion of different kind of cytokines. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a worldwide concern being one of the most prevalent causes of liver transplantation, and is well established that there is an intense neutrophil recruitment into necrotic liver during DILI. However, information if such abundant granulocyte infiltration is also linked to the tissue repairing phase of hepatic injury is still largely elusive. Here, we investigated the dynamics of neutrophil trafficking within blood, bone marrow, and liver during hepatic inflammation, and how changes in their gene expression profile could drive the resolution events during acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury. We found that neutrophils remained viable during longer periods following liver damage, because they avidly patrolled necrotic areas and up-regulated pro-resolutive genes, including Tgfb, Il1r2, and Fpr2. Adoptive transference of “resolutive neutrophils” harvested from livers at 72 h after injury to mice at the initial phases of injury (6 h after APAP) significantly rescued organ injury. Thus, we provide novel insights on the role of neutrophils not only in the injury amplification, but also in the resolution phases of inflammation.
HLA-DR-expressing NK cells: Effective killers suspected for antigen presentation
Authors: Erokhina Sofya A , Streltsova Maria A , Kanevskiy Leonid M , Grechikhina Maria V , Sapozhnikov Alexander M , Kovalenko Elena I 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHLA-DR-expressing cells comprise an intriguing group of NK cells, which combine phenotypic characteristics of both NK cells and dendritic cells. These cells can be found in humans and mice; they are present in blood and tissues in healthy conditions and can expand in a spectrum of pathologies. HLA-DR+ NK cells are functionally active: they produce proinflammatory cytokines, degranulate, and easily proliferate in response to stimuli. Additionally, HLA-DR+ NK cells seem able to take in and then present certain antigens to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, inducing their activation and proliferation, which puts them closer to professional antigen-presenting cells. It appears that these NK cells should be considerable players of the innate immune system, both due to their functional activity and regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review, for the first time, we provide a detailed description and analysis of the available data characterizing phenotypic, developmental, and functional features of the HLA-DR+ NK cells in a healthy condition and a disease.
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA): Antigen interactions and downstream effects
Authors: Sundqvist Martina , Gibson Kristen M , Bowers Sarah M , Niemietz Iwona , Brown Kelly L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in circulation and are key “first responders” in the immune response to infectious and non-infectious stimuli. Unlike other immune cells, neutrophils can mount a robust response (including a change in surface markers and the production of extracellular traps and reactive oxygen species) just minutes after sensing a disturbance. It has been speculated that, in some individuals, the activation of neutrophils inadvertently leads to the generation of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) against particular neutrophil proteins (antigens) such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3). In these individuals, continuous ANCA-antigen interactions are thought to drive persistent activation of neutrophils, chronic immune activation, and disease, most notably, small vessel vasculitis. There are significant gaps however in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and even the pathogenicity of ANCA given that vasculitis can develop in the absence of ANCA, and that ANCA have been found in circulation in other conditions with no apparent contribution to disease. These gaps are particularly evident in the context of human studies. Herein, we review knowledge on neutrophil-derived ANCA antigens PR3 and MPO, ANCA generation, and ANCA-antigen interaction(s) that may promote immune activation and disease.
Mammographic compression practices of force‐ and pressure‐standardisation protocol: A scoping review
Authors: Serwan Elizabeth , Matthews Donna , Davies Josephine , Chau Minh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionAs an efficient, effective and moderately inexpensive modality, mammography has been implemented as a cancer screening tool and in diagnostic management. However, appropriate breast compression is necessary for optimal outcomes. Current key measures of compression force are subjective and variable, giving rise to the concept of a ‘personalised’ pressure‐standardisation protocol.MethodsA scoping review of the literature was performed using the Arksey and O’Malley framework to explore the existing force‐ and pressure‐standardisation protocols in clinical application. A comprehensive search strategy and standardised study selection and evaluation were completed. This synthesis of existing knowledge can lead to the implementation of mechanically standardised mammographic compression pressure as a feasible tailored approach to clinical practice. Four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus) were searched from the databases’ inception to 13 December 2019 for relevant information, and eighteen articles were selected for analysis.ResultsIn addition to current protocol comparison, emerging key concepts include the reasoning behind standardisation, the benefits of improved diagnostic outcomes/decreased pain with negligible change in image quality and average glandular dose (AGD), and the recommendation of a 10kPa (approximate) pressure‐standardisation protocol. Research to date is largely based abroad (Netherlands), with a strong focus on screening practices. Consequently, several gaps in the current literature were identified as potential directions for future investigation.ConclusionsAs a suggested mammographic guideline, compression pressures of approximately 10kPa aid in image acquisition reproducibility both within and between women; pain levels decrease, with minimal variations to breast thickness, AGD and image quality.
Receptor‐centric solutions for the opioid epidemic: Making the opioid user impervious to overdose death
Authors: Stevens Craig W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis mini‐review presents the view that contemporary approaches to stem the tide of opioid overdose deaths are insufficient to make a significant impact. Instead, a focus on the opioid receptor as the ultimate molecular target to directly abolish opioid overdose death is explored. After identifying the key brainstem neurons that control respiration which are inhibited by opioid drugs, genetic techniques targeting the mu opioid receptor are detailed which prevent opioid overdose. This receptor‐centric solution for the opioid overdose epidemic can be realized with existing technology and, with sufficient effort, could enter clinical trials within 5 to 10 years.
Combination of c oxidase subunit I based deoxyribonucleic acid barcoding and HPLC techniques for the identification and quality evaluation of Pheretima aspergillum
Authors: Liu Xiaomei , Liu Hongmei , Zhang Cunyan , Wei Ailing , Ao Hui , Liu Fang , Li Meifeng , Guo Li , Ye Qiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to identify Pheretima aspergillum (Guang‐Pheretima) and its adulterants using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I based deoxyribonucleic acid barcoding technology, and further to evaluate their quality using an optimized high‐performance liquid chromatography method. For deoxyribonucleic acid barcoding identification, the Kimura‐2‐Parameter model was used to analyze genetic distance, and phylogenetic neighbor‐joining tree was constructed for species identification of 20 labeled Guang‐Pheretima samples. A high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven nucleoside components for quality evaluation. Compared with the GenBank database, 10 samples were identified as real Guang‐Pheretima (P. aspergillum), and the others as the adulterants‐Metaphire magna. The maximum intraspecific genetic distances of c oxidase subunit I sequence for P. aspergillum were smaller than the minimum interspecific genetic distances between P. aspergillum and M. magna. Ten P. aspergillum and 10 M. magna samples were clearly clustered in the neighbor‐joining tree. The contents of seven nucleosides components in P. aspergillum were significantly higher than that in its adulterant‐M. magna. The incidence of adulterants for Guang‐Pheretima was high (up to 50%) with an alarming quality. This study provided a powerful idea for the quality evaluation of other highly valuable plant‐ or animal‐derived products for safety concerns to avoid misidentification.
Comparison of the Prognostic Factors of Fetuses With Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations According to Type
Authors: Jeong Ba‐Da , An Su‐ah , Lee Mi‐Young , Won Hye‐Sung , Han Minkyu , Yoon Heemang , Lee Ji‐Hoon , Cho Yoon‐Jung 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo compare the prognostic factors of fetuses with microcystic and macrocystic congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated fetuses with CPAMs at Asan Medical Center. The CPAM size, mass effect, and maximum cyst size in macrocystic CPAMs were evaluated prenatally. The adverse postnatal outcomes, including respiratory symptoms, mechanical ventilation, and surgery, were evaluated.ResultsIn 118 cases, 2 fetal deaths and 1 neonatal death occurred. All cases of fetal hydrops and complete regression after birth were in the macrocystic and microcystic CPAM groups, respectively. Twenty‐four neonates (20.7%) had respiratory symptoms, and 18 (15.5%) required mechanical ventilation. Sixty‐three neonates (54.3%) underwent surgery, of whom 21 (33.3%) required surgery in the neonatal period. The maximum congenital pulmonary airway malformation volume ratio was significantly associated with all postnatal outcomes (P < .05), and the optimal cutoff values were lower for respiratory symptoms, mechanical ventilation, and neonatal surgery in the macrocystic CPAMs. The maximum cyst size was also associated with all postnatal outcomes in macrocystic CPAMs (P < .05).ConclusionsDifferent cutoff values for the maximum congenital pulmonary airway malformation volume ratio should be applied according to the CPAM type for the prediction of postnatal outcomes. The maximum cyst size can also be a useful prognostic factor in macrocystic CPAMs.