bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotypic similarity among algal symbionts corresponds to associations with closely related coral hosts
Authors: Reich Hannah G. , Kitchen Sheila A. , Stankiewicz Kathryn H. , Devlin-Durante Meghann , Fogarty Nicole D. , Baums Iliana B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMutualisms where hosts are coupled metabolically to their symbionts often exhibit high partner fidelity. Most reef-building corals form obligate symbioses with specific species of photosymbionts, dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae, despite needing to acquire symbionts early in their development from environmental sources. Three Caribbean acroporids (Acropora palmata,A. cervicornis, and their hybridA. prolifera) are geographically sympatric across much of their range in the greater Caribbean, but often occupy different depth and light habitats. Both species and their hybrid associate withSymbiodinium ‘fitti’, a genetically diverse species of symbiont that is specific to these hosts. Since the physiology of the dinoflagellate partner is strongly influenced by light (and therefore depth), we investigated whetherS. ‘fitti’populations from each host source were differentiated genetically. We generated shallow genome sequences of acroporid colonies sampled from across the Caribbean. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) amongS. ‘fitti’strains were identified by aligning sequences to a ~600 Mb draft assembly of theS. ‘fitti’genome, assembled from anA. cervicornismetagenome. Phylogenomic and multivariate analyses revealed that allelic variation amongS. ‘fitti’partitioned to each host species, as well as their hybrid, rather than by biogeographic origin. This is particularly noteworthy because the hybrid,A. prolifera, has a sparse fossil record and may be of relatively recent origin. Many of the SNPs putatively under selection were non-synonymous mutations predicted to alter protein efficiency. Differences in allele frequency amongS. ‘fitti’ populations from each host taxon may correspond to distinct phenotypes that thrive in the different cellular environments found in each acroporid. The non-random sorting among genetically diverse strains, or genotypes, to different hosts could be the basis for lineage diversification via disruptive selection, leading to ecological specialization and ultimately speciation.
Localization and Functional Characterization of the Alternative Oxidase inNaegleria
Authors: Cantoni Diego , Osborne Ashley , Taib Najwa , Thompson Gary , Kazana Eleanna , Edrich Elizabeth , Brown Ian R. , Gribaldo Simonetta , Gourlay Campbell W , Tsaousis Anastasios D. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a protein involved in maintaining the Krebs cycle in instances where the respiratory chain has been inhibited, while allowing for the maintenance of cell growth and necessary metabolic processes for survival. Among eukaryotes, alternative oxidases have disperse distribution and are found in plants, fungi and a few protists, includingNaegleriassp.Naegleriaspecies are free-living unicellular amoeboflagellates, and include the pathogenic species ofN. fowleri, the so-called brain eating amoeba. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we aimed to understand the evolution, localization and function of AOX and the role that plays inNaegleria’s biology. Our analyses suggest that the protein was present in last common ancestor of the genus and structure prediction showed that all functional residues are also present inNaegleriaspecies. Using a combination of cellular and biochemical techniques, we also functionally characterizeN. gruberi’s AOX in its mitochondria and we demonstrate that its inactivation affects its proliferation. Consequently, we discuss the benefits of the presence of this protein inNaegleriaspecies, along with its potential pathogenicity role inN. fowleri. We predict that our findings will spearhead new explorations to understand the cell biology, metabolism and evolution ofNaegleriaand other free-living relatives.
Tissue-specific accumulation profiles of phorbol esters inJatropha curcasand gene induction in response to abiotic and biotic stresses
Authors: Wei Lei , Zhang Wei , Fan Caixin , Dai Tingwei , Li Shijuan , Chen Fang , Xu Ying 
Published: September 2020

AbstractJatropha curcasL. (J. curcas), a shrub plant of theEuphorbiaceaefamily, has received enormous attention as a promising biofuel plant for the production of biodiesel and medical potential in ethnopharmacology. However, the tumor-promoter toxin phorbol esters present inJ. curcasraises concerns for health and environmental risk as its large-scale cultivation limits the use of meal obtained after oil extraction for animal feed. Here, we determined the variation of phorbol ester profiles and contents in eightJ. curcastissues by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and found phorbol esters present in all parts of the plant except the seed shell. We showed tissue-specific patterns of accumulation of phorbol esters and associated terpenoids at the transcriptomic level with high transcript levels in reproductive and young tissues. Genes involved in the same module of terpenoids biosynthesis were positively correlated. We further present diverse abiotic and biotic stresses that had different effects on the accumulation of transcripts in terpenoids shared and branched terpenoid pathways in plant seedlings. The fine-tuning of terpenoids biosynthesis may link with ecological functions in plants under extreme environments and defense against pathogens.
A global omics data sharing and analytics marketplace: Case study of a rapid data COVID-19 pandemic response platform
Authors: Farah Ibrahim , Lalli Giada , Baker Darrol , Schumacher Axel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnder public health emergencies, particularly an early epidemic, it is fundamental that genetic and other healthcare data is shared across borders in both a timely and accurate manner before the outbreak of a global pandemic. However, although the COVID-19 pandemic has created a tidal wave of data, most patient data is siloed, not easily accessible, and due to low sample size, largely not actionable. Based on the precision medicine platform Shivom, a novel and secure data sharing and data analytics marketplace, we developed a versatile pandemic preparedness platform that allows healthcare professionals to rapidly share and analyze genetic data. The platform solves several problems of the global medical and research community, such as siloed data, cross-border data sharing, lack of state-of-the-art analytic tools, GDPR-compliance, and ease-of-use. The platform serves as a central marketplace of ‘discoverability’. The platform combines patient genomic & omics data sets, a marketplace for AI & bioinformatics algorithms, new diagnostic tools, and data-sharing capabilities to advance virus epidemiology and biomarker discovery. The bioinformatics marketplace contains some preinstalled COVID-19 pipelines to analyze virus- and host genomes without the need for bioinformatics expertise. The platform will be the quickest way to rapidly gain insight into the association between virus-host interactions and COVID-19 in various populations which can have a significant impact on managing the current pandemic and potential future disease outbreaks.
Which early indicator allows for a better understanding of the evolution of the COVID-19 epidemic in France?
Authors: Loisel Patrice 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe provide an explanation for the apparent discrepancy between the dynamic of the positive COVID-19 test rates and of the numbers of COVID-19-related hospital and intensive care admissions and deaths in France. We highlight the existence of a latency period of around 5 weeks between the infections of young individual (generally asymptomatic) to older individuals that may have a severe form of the disease and may be hospitalized. If the overall positive detection rate provided relevant information until the end of August, since the beginning of September the overall positive detection rate has reached a plateau and no longer provides relevant information on the current state of the epidemic. We show that the positive detection rate in the 70+ age group is a relevant and early indicator of the epidemic. Furthermore, we have shown an identical doubling time of around 16 days for the following indicators: the positive tests rate for the 70+ age group, the number of new admissions to hospital, intensive care unit admissions and deaths.
Applying Deep Learning to Specific Learning Disorder Screening
Authors: Mor Nuriel S. , Dardeck Kathryn L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEarly detection is key for treating those diagnosed with specific learning disorder, which includes problems with spelling, grammar, punctuation, clarity and organization of written expression. Intervening early can prevent potential negative consequences from this disorder. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) perform better than human beings in many visual tasks such as making a medical diagnosis from visual data. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of a deep CNN to detect students with a diagnosis of specific learning disorder from their handwriting. The MobileNetV2 deep CNN architecture was used by applying transfer learning. The model was trained using a data set of 497 images of handwriting samples from students with a diagnosis of specific learning disorder, as well as those without this diagnosis. The detection of a specific learning disorder yielded on the validation set a mean area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.89. This is a novel attempt to detect students with the diagnosis of specific learning disorder using deep learning. Such a system as was built for this study, may potentially provide fast initial screening of students who may meet the criteria for a diagnosis of specific learning disorder.We wish to thank teaching assistant Karin Volovik for her assistance in gathering and processing data for this study.
Exploring urban facilities management approaches to increase connectivity in smart cities
Authors: Lindkvist Carmel , Temeljotov Salaj Alenka , Collins Dave , Bjørberg Svein , Haugen Tore Brandstveit 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore how the discipline facilities management (FM) can be developed in a smart city perspective through considering the current and new FM services under the role of Urban FM, as well as governance structures that limit and enable it.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach is primarily theoretical by examining current literature around the ideas of Urban FM and Smart Cities linking them to observations in one city aiming to be a Smart City. This specific paper focusses on maintenance management, workspace management and energy management services in a Smart City perspective.

Findings
The results outline how Urban FM can fill the gaps that are apparent in city planning through connectivity to communities and neighbourhoods using the Smart City not only approaches of optimising data but also considers prominent governance structures of FM, Urban FM, City Planning and Smart Cities. The study addresses the limitations of what can be done when cities are not organisations, which make identifying the “core business” obscure and intangible but attempts to overcome this limitation by considering social value in communities and wider linkages to the city environment.

Research limitations/implications
The paper sets out the potential of Urban FM in Smart Cities, but the findings are limited to primarily theoretical research and need further empirical examination.

Practical implications
The results indicate how facilities management can improve services in cities through the digitalisation of cities and the role of Urban FM. The study will be useful for municipalities in examining how to improve facilities, particularly in cities that aspire to be a Smart City and it is also important for policymakers in considering governance structures to meet sustainable development goals.

Originality/value
The study positions the discipline of facilities management in Smart Cities which has the potential to improve facilities in cities and the development of Urban FM.
Organised crime in Western Balkans Six at the onset of coronavirus
Authors: Djordjević Saša , Dobovšek Bojan 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) into crime-fighting and present new criminal landscapes in the Western Balkans Six (WB6) (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia) at the beginning of the pandemic crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds on the content analysis of legal acts, strategic documents, academic articles, media reporting, official documents, four semi-structured interviews with civil society organisations, two consultations with police officers and two consultations with civil society organisations.FindingsIn the first nine weeks of the spread of COVID-19, the WB6 experienced a small rise in the price of marijuana. The same applied to stimulant drugs like ecstasy and amphetamines. However, very little heroin was available. Prices of protective face masks, disinfectants and medicinal alcohol skyrocketed due to attempts at price gouging. There were cases of scams using mobile and digital technologies, as well as burglaries of newspaper or cigarette kiosks, shops, pharmacies and exchange offices. It was difficult to determine whether the smuggling of and trafficking in human beings experienced a decline or increase. No cases of sexual exploitation for providing online services were noted, although the number of calls made to organisations that assist in the area of human trafficking increased. People with drug and alcohol problems, persons living with HIV, those susceptible to stress, citizens with mental health problems, pensioners, the poor, the homeless and recently released prisoners were the biggest potential victims of crime at the onset of the crisis brought by the pandemic.Research limitations/implicationsThe research findings are limited to specific forms of crime (illicit drug trade, economic crime, fraud, scams, theft, smuggling of and trafficking in human beings) in the WB6 and based on findings from four interviews and four consultations, together with available secondary data.Originality/valueThis is the first overview of criminal activities occurring in the WB6 during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.
Analysing impulse purchasing in cross-border electronic commerce
Authors: Zhu Wenlong , Yan Ruzhen , Ding Zhihui 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of product information on impulse purchases in a cross-border electronic commerce (CBEC) setting from the perspective of cue stimulation.Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes a research model of impulse purchases in CBEC based on the cue utilization theory and Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model. The research model was tested using covariance-based structural equation modelling. Data were collected from the consumers of a popular CBEC platform in China.FindingsA high-quality product description has a significant positive effect on concentration but not on curiosity and autotelic experience. A high-quality product display has a significant positive effect on concentration, curiosity and autotelic experience. High-quality product content has a significant positive effect on curiosity and autotelic experience but not on concentration. Curiosity and autotelic experience both have a significant positive effect on impulse purchases; however, concentration has no such effect on an impulse purchase. Curiosity and autotelic experience have a full mediation effect between product display and impulse purchases and between product content and impulse purchases, respectively.Originality/valueThis study integrates the S-O-R model and cue utilization theory to construct a theoretical model of product information-flow experience-impulse purchases. According to the model, we can understand how product information influences consumers' impulse purchases in CBEC.
“The gift that starts a home”: marketing of the hope chest in the USA
Authors: Neilson Leighann , Barkel Erin 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to present a history of the marketing of hope chests in the USA, focusing in particular on one very successful sales promotion, the Lane Company’s Girl Graduate Plan. The Girl Graduate Plan is placed within its historical context to better understand the socioeconomic forces that contributed to its success for a considerable period but ultimately led to decreased demand for the product.

Design/methodology/approach
The history of the marketing of hope or marriage chests draws upon primary sources located in the Lane Company Collection at the Virginia Museum of History and Culture. Secondary sources and images of advertising culled from Google image searches provided additional insight into the operation of the company’s Girl Graduate Plan.

Findings
While the Lane Company benefitted in the form of increased sales, profit and brand awareness and loyalty from prevailing socio-economic trends, which supported the success of its Girl Graduate Plan, including targeting the youth market, this promotion ultimately fell victim to the company’s failure to stay abreast of social changes related to the role of women in society.

Research limitations/implications
Like all historical research, this research is dependent upon the historical sources that are accessible. The authors combined documents available from the Virginia Historical Society archives with online searches, but other data sources may well exist.

Practical implications
This history investigates how one manufacturer, a leader in the North American industry, collaborated with furniture dealers to promote their products to young women who were about to become the primary decision makers for the purchase of home furnishings. As such, it provides an historical example of the power of successful collaboration with channel partners. It also provides an example of innovation within an already crowded market.

Social implications
The hope chest as an object of material culture can be found in many cultures worldwide. It has variously represented a woman’s coming of age, the love relationship between a couple and a family’s social status. It has also served as a woman’s store of wealth. This history details how changing social values influenced the popularity of the hope chest tradition in the USA.

Originality/value
The history of the marketing of hope chests is an area that has not been seriously considered in consumption histories or in histories of marketing practices to date, in spite of the continuing sentimental appeal for many consumers.
Adherence to healthy eating index-2015 and metabolic syndrome in a large sample of Iranian adults
Authors: Hassani Zadeh Shirin , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Mirzaei Masoud , Salehi-Abargouei Amin , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Dietary intake is a modifiable risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the association between the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and MetS.

Design/methodology/approach
MetS was diagnosed among 2,326 adults. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. The HEI-2015 was administered to assess the diet qualities. Multivariate logistic regression was also used to evaluate the relationship of HEI-2015 with MetS and its components.

Findings
The odds of MetS was lower in women who were in the third quintile of HEI-2015 compared with those in the first quintile after adjusting for age and energy intake (OR: 0.62, CI: 0.41 to 0.93). In addition, moderate adherence to HEI-2015 reduced the odds of high fasting blood glucose levels in both men and women (OR men: 0.30, CI: 0.11 to 0.85 OR women: 0.34, CI: 0.14 to 0.79). However, these relations were not linear. Adherence to HEI-2015 had no significant relationship with the prevalence of MetS and its components in the whole population.

Originality/value
A significant relationship was observed between moderate adherence to HEI-2015 and fasting blood glucose in both men and women. Moreover, moderate adherence to this dietary pattern decreased the prevalence of MetS in women.
An investigation of factors influencing maturity levels of property market in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Abere Oluwaseun Chioma , Ogunba Olusegun Adebayo , Dugeri Terzengwe Timothy 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe study investigated the factors influencing maturity levels in the Nigerian property market particularly southwestern Nigeria in sub-Saharan Africa. There is a need to identify the factors responsible for the less notable progress in the market in order to proffer measures that will enhance the property market or attract both local and international real estate investors.Design/methodology/approachThe method of data analysis adopted is weighted mean scores. The study sampled estate surveyors, public land administrators and financier, which are represented by the commercial bank. The respondents were presented a list of 40 factors and asked to rank them on a seven-point Likert scale. In order to reduce the variables responsible for the maturity levels into a few factors, factor analysis was employed.FindingsThe factors identified by respondents as the most responsible for the maturity levels observed (those with the highest weighted mean score of 6.52, 6.35 and 6.31) include government policy on interest rate, safety of property right/titles and insufficient property market information. Using factor analysis, the variables were further grouped into six factors namely monetary policy, property right registration, property professionalism, investor friendliness, property data and economic factors.Practical implicationsOn the basis of findings, the study recommends that the government should create an enabling environment for prospective investors/or property owners by taking measures that will improve the ease of doing business at same time enhance the foreign real estate investment. The government should pass enabling legislation that will make real estate financing a feature of the capital market. The Central Bank of Nigeria can help in managing the rate of inflation in order to reduce the cost of the construction materials so that average Nigerian can be able to own property asset. Prominent real estate firms should in conjunction with The Nigeria Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers develop property data bank on market fundamentals, e.g. rental/capital values, yields, construction cost indices, etc.Originality/valueThe paper provided the information on the factors that will enhance property maturity levels in southwestern Nigeria.