bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Prevalence of Acquired Thrombophilia Without Prognosis Value in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Ferrari Emile , Sartre Benjamin , Squara Fabien , Contenti Julie , Occelli Celine , Lemoel Fabien , Levraut Jacques , Doyen Denis , Dellamonica Jean , Mondain Veronique , Chirio David , Risso Karine , Cua Eric , Orban Jean Christophe , Ichai Carole , Labbaoui Mohamed , Mossaz Baptiste , Moceri Pamela , Appert‐Flory Anny , Fischer Florence , Toulon Pierre 
Published: September 2020

Background
Recent literature reports a strong thrombotic tendency in patients hospitalized for a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection. This characteristic is unusual and seems specific to COVID‐19 infections, especially in their severe form. Viral infections can trigger acquired thrombophilia, which can then lead to thrombotic complications. We investigate for the presence of acquired thrombophilia, which could participate in this phenomenon, and report its prevalence. We also wonder if these thrombophilias participate in the bad prognosis of severe COVID‐19 infections.

Methods and Results
In 89 consecutive patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 infection, we found a 20% prevalence of PS (protein S) deficiency and a high (ie, 72%) prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies: mainly lupus anticoagulant. The presence of PS deficiency or antiphospholipid antibodies was not linked with a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time nor with D‐dimer, fibrinogen, or CRP (C‐reactive protein) concentrations. These coagulation abnormalities are also not linked with thrombotic clinical events occurring during hospitalization nor with mortality.

Conclusions
We assess a high prevalence of positive tests detecting thrombophilia in COVID‐19 infections. However, in our series, these acquired thrombophilias are not correlated with the severity of the disease nor with the occurrence of thrombotic events. Albeit the strong thrombotic tendency in COVID‐19 infections, the presence of frequent acquired thrombophilia may be part of the inflammation storm of COVID‐19 and should not systematically modify our strategy on prophylactic anticoagulant treatment, which is already revised upwards in this pathological condition.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04335162.
Mortality Outcome of Emergency Decompressive Craniectomy and Craniotomy in the Management of Acute Subdural Hematoma: A National Data Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Nasim , Greenberg Patricia , Shin SeungHoon 
Published: September 2020

Background The purpose of the study is to evaluate the in-hospital mortality of patients who presented with acute subdural hematoma (SDH) and underwent emergency decompressive craniectomy (DC) or craniotomy (CO) within 4 hours of hospital arrival. Method The National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) dataset of the calendar year of 2007 through 2010 was accessed for the study. All blunt severe head injury patients who presented with acute SDH were included in the study. Severe head injury is defined as a head Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score ≥3 and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤8. Univariate followed by propensity-matched analyses were performed to compare the two procedure groups: DC and CO. Results Out of 2370 patients, 518, (21.9%) patients underwent DC. There were significant differences found in the univariate analysis between the DC and CO groups for median age (38 (IQR: 22.0, 55.0) vs 49 (IQR: 27, 67), P < .001), mechanism of injury (fall: 33.2% vs 50.7%; motor vehicle crashes: 58.3% vs 40.9%, P < .001), and median injury severity score (ISS: 26.0 (IQR: 25, 38) vs 26 (IQR: 25.0, 33.0), P < .001). After propensity score matching and pair-matched analysis, no differences were found with any of the above characteristics. The pair-matched analysis also showed no significant difference in in-hospital mortality (42.7% vs 37.5%, P = .10) between the DC vs CO groups. Conclusion The overall in-hospital mortality for emergency CO or DC for the evacuation of SDH remains high. The preference of one operative procedure over the other did not impact overall mortality.
A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Barriers to and Facilitators of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Adolescents in Montana
Authors: Newcomer Sophia R. , Caringi James , Jones Beth , Coyle Emily , Schehl Timothy , Daley Matthew F. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates among adolescents are lower in rural areas than in urban areas of the United States. The objective of this study was to identify barriers to and facilitators of adolescent HPV vaccination in Montana, a large, primarily rural state. Methods Using a mixed-methods design, we integrated quantitative analyses of Montana’s National Immunization Survey–Teen (NIS-Teen) data from 2013-2017 with qualitative data collected at a statewide meeting in October 2018 and from stakeholder interviews conducted from October 2018 through June 2019. Using NIS-Teen data, we identified trends and estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) to identify factors associated with vaccine uptake. Using directed content analysis of qualitative data, we identified themes related to vaccine uptake. Results In Montana, initiation of the HPV vaccine series among adolescents aged 13-17 increased from 34.4% in 2013 to 65.5% in 2017. We identified 6 themes related to HPV vaccination from qualitative analyses, including medical providers’ recommendation style as a facilitator of vaccination and parental vaccine hesitancy as a barrier to vaccination. In NIS-Teen 2017 data (n = 326 adolescents), receiving a medical provider recommendation was significantly associated with series initiation (aPR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5-3.6). Among parents who did not intend to initiate the vaccine series for their adolescent within 12 months (n = 71), vaccine safety was the top concern (aPR = 24.5%; 95% CI, 12.1%-36.9%). Conclusions HPV vaccination rates have increased in Montana but remain lower than rates for other adolescent vaccines. Future work should focus on reducing missed opportunities, increasing parents’ knowledge of and confidence in vaccination, and training medical providers on addressing common vaccine concerns.
Nasal Inflammation and Ulceration Secondary to Repeated Use of an Intranasal Delivery Device in Rabbits
Authors: Ramot Yuval , Stone Dalia Shabashov , Goldschmidt Ruth , Nyska Abraham 
Published: September 2020

Intranasal administration of drugs is gaining popularity in medicine, and several animal models have been used to test the safety and efficacy of this delivery route. Nevertheless, the nasal anatomy of animals is different from humans, which can lead to pathological changes that stem from the delivery device and not the drug itself. Here, we report on nasal inflammation and ulceration in rabbits, secondary to the repeated trauma caused by the intranasal device. Similar changes were noted in the animals treated with the vehicle and with the tested drug, and therefore, these changes were not attributed to the drug itself. In some animals, superficial ulcer and stromal inflammation were noted in the eyes, secondary to nasal duct obstruction from the nasal inflammation. These observations emphasize the importance of proper interpretation of histopathological changes, attributed to trauma-induced pathological changes related to the handling of the animal and not to the tested product, which is the drug itself and the device that is optimized for clinical (human) use.
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation signature as a predictor of stomach adenocarcinoma outcomes and its association with immune checkpoint molecules
Authors: Mo Pingfan , Xie Siyuan , Cai Wen , Ruan Jingjing , Du Qin , Ye Jun , Mao Jianshan 
Published: September 2020

Objective Although N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is the most common mRNA modification process, few studies have examined the role of m6A in stomach adenocarcinomas (STADs). Methods In this retrospective study, we analyzed 293 STAD samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas with complete clinicopathological feature profiles. The m6A methylation risk signature was derived from LASSO–Cox regression analyses with 15 m6A regulators. Statistical analysis was performed and figures were prepared using R software ( https://www.R-project.org/ ). Results The m6A signature was established as follows: risk score = FTO × 0.127 + YTHDF1 × 0.004 + KIAA1429 × 0.044 + YTHDC2 × 0.112 − RBM15 × 0.135 − ALKBH5 × 0.019 − YTHDF2 × 0.028, which was confirmed as an independent prognostic indicator to predict overall survival of patients with STAD. Risk scores and tumor grades were closely associated. Cell cycle, p53 signaling pathways, DNA mismatch repair, and RNA degradation were enriched in the low-risk subgroup. This subgroup showed significantly higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules including PD-1 (programmed death 1), PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1), and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4), suggesting that the signature may be a useful immunotherapy predictor. Conclusions We established an m6A methylation signature as an independent prognostic tool to predict overall survival, which may also be useful as an immunotherapy predictor.
Novel morphological classification of the normal pancreatic uncinate process based on computed tomography
Authors: Zhu Chunfu , Ma Le , Jia Zhongzhi , Shi Haifeng , Jin Jianliang , Lou Wenhui , Qin Xihu 
Published: September 2020

Objectives This study aimed to assess computed tomographic (CT) features of the normal pancreatic uncinate process (UP) and to classify UP types on the basis of morphological characteristics. Methods From November 2017 to December 2018, consecutive Han Chinese adults were enrolled in this retrospective study. Morphometric evaluation of the UP was performed using CT imaging, including assessment of the maximal transverse diameter of the UP (MTDUP) and pancreas head, and assessment of the relationship between the UP and superior mesenteric vessels. Results A total of 318 participants were studied. The mean MTDUP and maximal transverse diameter of the pancreas head were 15.89 ± 4.82 mm and 46.47 ± 7.18 mm, respectively. The mean MTDUP was 10.83 ± 2.59 mm for type I UP (21.70% of participants), 13.87 ± 2.35 mm for type II (13.21%), 17.08 ± 3.43 mm for type III (56.29%), and 23.74 ± 5.02 mm for type IV (8.81%). There was a significant difference among the UP types. Conclusions Four types of normal UP can be defined on the basis of morphological CT features. The length of the UP significantly increases from types I to IV, and type III accounts for > 50%.
Comparing Diuresis Patterns in Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Versus Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Broscious Rachael , Kukin Alina , Noel Zachary R. , Devabhakthuni Sandeep , Seung Hyunuk , Ramani Gautam V. , Reed Brent N. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Congestion predominates in exacerbations of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but evidence suggests that excess volume may be distributed differently in these 2 subgroups. Methods and Results: In this retrospective study, diuretic efficiency (DE, or net urine output per 40-mg of intravenous furosemide equivalent) during the first 72 hours was compared between patients hospitalized with HFrEF (n = 121) versus HFpEF (n = 120). Multivariate analysis was used to compare the 2 groups based on expected baseline differences (e.g., demographics, heart failure etiology, concomitant therapy). During the first 72 hours, mean daily diuretic doses were higher in patients with HFpEF versus HFrEF (172.0 vs. 159.9 mg, respectively, P = 0.026) but urine output was not significantly different (2603.3 mL vs. 2667.5 mL, respectively, adjusted P = 0.100). Similarly, mean cumulative DE did not differ (−673.5 vs. −637.8 mL/40-mg in the HFrEF and HFpEF groups, respectively, adjusted P = 0.884). An exploratory analysis of propensity-matched cohorts yielded similar findings. Correlations between the components of DE varied considerably and only became weak to moderately correlated toward the end of the observation period. Conclusions: Although cumulative DE did not differ between patients with HFrEF and HFpEF, variable correlations in the components of DE suggest there may be differences in diuretic response that warrant future analysis.
Factors affecting health-related quality of life among prostate cancer patients: A systematic review
Authors: Odeo Sharon , Degu Amsalu 
Published: September 2020

Introduction Prostate cancer is recognized as the leading cause of malignancy-related incidence and mortality in the male population. The treatment regimens have long-term effects detrimental to the patient's quality of life. Hence, this review was aimed to determine the overall HRQOL and its associated among prostate cancer patients. Methods The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The databases searched were PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Cumulative Index to the Nursing and Allied Literature (CINAHL), which provided articles that were critically examined, yielding 52 studies that met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Results Out of 52 studies, 30 studies reported poor overall HRQOL in various domains after prostate cancer treatment. Contrastingly, 15 studies reported good overall quality of life after treatment. Among the various domains, sexual function was the most grossly affected functional score by the treatment modalities of prostate cancer. Nonetheless, seven studies showed that the absence of a significant change in the overall quality of life after treatment. According to the studies, older age, comorbidities, higher clinical stage, higher Gleason score, greater cancer severity, African American race, impaired mental health, neoadjuvant hormonal therapy and lower level of education were the major poor predictors of HRQOL among prostate cancer patients. Conclusion The overall HRQOL in prostate cancer patients was generally poor in various functional domains after treatment. Among the various domains, sexual function was the most grossly affected functional score by the treatment modalities of prostate cancer.
Trans-jugular AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy for acute deep vein thrombosis: Alternative to overcome the limitation of patient’s position
Authors: Jung Sang-Hoon , Son Rak Chae , Kim Hyun Kyu 
Published: September 2020

Background: To introduce a transjugular retrograde approach for AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy (RT) just after transjugular placement of inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) to treat acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods: From September 2018 to April 2019, transjugular Angiojet RT using pulse spray method was performed just after transjugular placement of IVCF in five patients (M:F = 3:2, mean age 70 years). Patients less than 165 cm in height with acute (<14 days) iliofemoral DVT were unable to assume a prone position. All patients underwent pre- and postprocedural venography to estimate thrombus reduction grade. Computed tomography angiograms at 3 and 6 months postoperative were compared with baseline scans. Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) symptoms were evaluated according to Villalta score during 12-month follow-up. Results: Mean procedure time for all procedures was 1.4 h. Thrombus was completely reduced in three patients and 50% to 99% reduction was noted in the other two. No patients had major complications during the hospital stay and follow-up period. Distal migration of IVCF occurred in one patient during the procedure and immediate IVCF repositioning was performed. No DVT remained in follow-up computed tomography scans of all patients. PTS did not develop in any patients during the follow-up period. Conclusion: In patients who are unable to assume a prone position, a transjugular retrograde approach with AngioJet RT just after transjugular placement of IVCF to treat acute lower extremity DVT was a time-saving and easy alternative. During the procedure, attention to the guiding catheter position and AngioJet device movement was required to avoid affecting the IVCF.
Early evidence of disease activity during fingolimod predicts medium-term inefficacy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ferrè Laura , Mogavero Andrea , Clarelli Ferdinando , Moiola Lucia , Sangalli Francesca , Colombo Bruno , Martinelli Vittorio , Comi Giancarlo , Filippi Massimo , Esposito Federica 
Published: September 2020

Background: Fingolimod (FTY) is an effective second-line drug for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, with ~50% patients showing no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) after 2 years. Nonetheless, the early identification of non-responders is extremely important, to promptly address them to more aggressive drugs. Objectives: This cohort study evaluates FTY medium-term effectiveness, searching for early markers of treatment failure. Patients and methods: Three hundred eighty patients starting FTY were enrolled and classified according to NEDA and time to first relapse criteria at 4-year follow-up. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were applied to identify early predictors of non-response. Results: At 4 years, 65.6% of patients were free from relapses and 35.4% had NEDA. Female gender was associated with a higher risk of non-response. Moreover, evidence of clinical and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity during the first year of treatment was highly predictive of disease activity in the follow-up: the positive predictive value for non-response was 0.74 for the presence of ⩾1 relapse, 0.73 for the presence of ⩾1 active MRI lesion, and 0.83 for the presence of both clinical and MRI activity. Conclusions: FTY effectiveness persists at medium-term follow-up; a close monitoring during the first year of treatment is warranted to early identify non-responders requiring treatment optimization.
Inhibition in developmental disorders: A comparison of inhibition profiles between children with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and comorbid symptom presentation
Authors: Cremone-Caira Amanda , Trier Katherine , Sanchez Victoria , Kohn Brooke , Gilbert Rachel , Faja Susan 
Published: September 2020

Thirty to 80% of children with autism spectrum disorder also have symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Many children with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder experience difficulties carrying out goal-directed behaviors, particularly when it comes to inhibiting responses. The aim of this study was to better understand the relative strengths and weaknesses across different measures of inhibition in children with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder + attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and children who are typically developing. Inhibition of distracting information, motor responses, response speed, and selections with the potential for greater loss was measured in 155 school-aged children across these four groups. Results indicate that, for children with autism spectrum disorder + attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, inhibition varied across the different outcomes assessed. Relative to typically developing children, children with autism spectrum disorder + attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder showed greater difficulty inhibiting behavioral responses. Conversely, inhibition of distracting information and strategic slowing of response speed differed between the children with autism spectrum disorder + attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and those with either autism spectrum disorder or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Avoidance of potential losses did not significantly differ between the four groups. The unique pattern of inhibition abilities shown in the autism spectrum disorder + attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder group suggests the need for special consideration in the context of targeted intervention. Lay Abstract Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also have symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with ASD and ADHD often experience difficulties with inhibition. This study had the goal of understanding inhibition in children with ASD, ADHD, ASD + ADHD, and children who are typically developing (TD) using tasks that measured several aspects of inhibition. Results indicate that children with ASD + ADHD had greater difficulty inhibiting behavioral responses than TD children. Children with ASD + ADHD also differed from children with ASD and with ADHD in their inhibition of distracting information and strategic slowing of response speed. The four groups did not differ in their avoidance of potential losses. Children with ASD + ADHD exhibit a unique profile of inhibition challenges suggesting they may benefit from targeted intervention matched to their abilities.
Exploring Factors Linked to Weight Status in Salvadoran Infants
Authors: Kiraly Carmen M. , Turk Melanie T. , Kalarchian Melissa A. , Shaffer Cheryl 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Potential risk factors of infant overweight/obesity in Salvadoran mother–infant dyads ( N = 88) at routine 9- to 12-month wellbaby visits were examined in a correlational study at two pediatric offices on Long Island, New York. Method: Maternal factors and infant feeding practices in the first 5 months were self-reported; infant birth weight, current weight/recumbent length were obtained. Bivariate logistic regression measured the relationship of the variables with infant weight status >85th percentile weight-for-length (WFL) for sex. Results: The majority of mothers were born in El Salvador, with a mean age of 28.5 years ( SD = 5.9); 43% of infants had WFL >85th percentile. Infant birth weight was significantly associated with WFL >85th percentile, p = .0007. After controlling for maternal age, insurance type, education, and marital status, no significant associations with infant WFL >85th percentile were found. Feeding practices during infants’ first 5 months, mothers’ pre-pregnancy weight, pregnancy weight gain, and history of gestational diabetes mellitus, were not associated with infant weight status. Conclusion: This was the first study to examine infant weight status in Salvadorans. Future studies should objectively measure infant feeding practices and other potential factors among Salvadoran mother infant dyads, since nearly half of the infants had WFL >85th percentile.