bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and Mortality risk factors among COVID-19 patients in Qom–Iran; The results of a Retrospective Cohort study
Authors: Hormati Ahmad , Ghomi SeyedYaser Foroghi , sohrabi masoudreza , Gholami Ali , Jafari Saeede , Jabbari Amir , AminNejad Reza , Khodadadi Javad , shakeri Mansoureh , ShahHamzeh Alireza , Afifian Mahbobeh , Azad Zohre , Ahmadpour Sajjad , Karbalai MohammadHadi , Babaei MohammadReza , Karimzadeh Parisa , Hosseini SeyedKamal Esshagh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background & AimCoronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the Middle East was initially reported in Qom-Iran. Clinical and epidemiologic and mortality risk factors details have not been already fully explained.MethodIn a retrospective study, the hospitalized adult patients with laboratory diagnosed COVID-19 between February 25 to March 20, 2020 were enrolled. A checklist including demographic, clinical, laboratorial, imaging, and treatment data was completed for each of the participant. The data were extracted from electronic medical records. In case of lack of information, a member of the research team contacted them via phone. All the dead patients and the first one hundred survived patients with these criteria were enrolled in the study. Outcome defined as death or discharge of patients.ResultsOf admitted patients, 200 patients who had been discharged or died were involved in this study. The majority of them were male (56%). The mean age of all patients was 62.63 ± 14.9. Co-morbidity was reported in 124 (62%) patients in which hypertension was the most common. The most frequent clinical presentations were dyspnea in 169 (84.5%), cough in 150 (75%), and fatigue/weakness in 123 (61.5%) patients. The main complications were respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome with prevalence of 143 (71.5%) and 105 (52.5%), accordingly. Multiple logistic models showed that decline of hemoglobin level (OR = 10.09), neutrophilia (OR = 3.48), high blood urea nitrogen (OR = 4.29,), SpO2 ≤ 90% (OR = 3.38), and presence of patchy consolidation (OR = 6.81) were associated with poor outcome.ConclusionCOVID-19 disease has multiple aspects. CT scan findings, complete blood count with differential, high blood urea nitrogen and SpO2 are related to mortality. Hence needs to pay serious attention during admitting and surveillance, particularly among elderly patients and who with preexisting morbidities.
Violence and Depression Among Pregnant Women in Egypt
Authors: Ghoneim Hanan M. , elprince mohamed , Ali Tamer Yehia M. , gharieb waleed , ahmed amal 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Depression is a serious mental health disorder that might affect women in the childbearing period. Incidences increase during pregnancy as well as after delivery. Its association with intimate partner violence has been reported in many countries. Data about this sensitive issue are lacking in Egypt. The aim of the study was to determine the relation between intimate partner violence and depression during pregnancy.Methods: This was a case control study conducted at the the outpatient clinics in Suez Canal University hospitals, from January 2019 to March 2020. The study included two groups, the study group included women exposed to violence during the current pregnancy and a control one included women with no history of violence. Women were asked to complete the Arabic validated NorVold Domestic Abuse Questionnaire. Depression was evaluated using the Arabic validated form of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The main outcome measure was to assess the association between intimate partner violence and depression.Results: Both groups were matched in their demographic characters. Emotional violence was the most common reported pattern among women exposed to intimate partner violence 87.9% (139/158). There was a significant difference between women exposed to violence and those who were not exposed to violence in the total depression scores (13.63 ± 5.47 and 10.65 ± 5.44, respectively with a p value <0.001). Emotional and sexual violence had significant roles as risk factors for depression during pregnancy in single regression or after control of other confounders.Conclusion: There was a strong association between intimate partner violence and depression during pregnancy with variable rates that differ according to the economic state of the countries.
Comparison of Clinical Features on Admission Between Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Influenza A among Children: A Retrospective Study in China
Authors: Liang Feng , Wang Xianfeng , Li Hui , Chen Jun , Liu Lei , Shao Jianbo , Xu Yi , He Liya , Liang Huiying , Li Kuanrong , Gong Sitang , Xia Huimin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) share similar symptoms with influenza A (IA), but it is more worthwhile to understand the disparities of the two infections regarding their clinical characteristics on admission. Methods: A total of 71 age-matched pediatric IA and COVID-19 patient pairs were formed and their clinical data on admission were compared. Results: Fever, cough, nasal congestion and nausea/vomiting were the most common symptoms on admission for both infections but occurred less often in COVID-19. The IA patients were more likely to have lower-than-normal levels of lymphocyte count and percentage and to have higher-than-normal levels of activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, serum C-reactive protein, and serum procalcitonin, while the COVID-19 patients had higher odds of having lower-than-normal levels of neutrophil count and percentage.Conclusions: This study suggests that influenza A is more symptomatic than COVID-19 for children and might be an overall more severe infection at the time of admission.
Maternal Health Care Service Utilization Among Young Married Women in India, 1992-2016: Trends and Determinants
Authors: Singh Pooja , Singh Kaushalendra Kumar , Singh Pragya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Utilizing maternal health care services can reduce a substantial proportion of maternal mortality. Maternal deaths among young women (15-24 years) shares 38% of total maternal mortality in India. However, there is a paucity of studies focusing on the maternity care needs of young women. This paper therefore aimed to examine the trends and determinants of full antenatal care (ANC) and skilled birth attendance (SBA) utilization among young married women in India.Methods: The study analysed data from the four rounds of National Family Health Surveys conducted in India during the years 1992–93, 1998–99, 2005–06 and 2015–16. Young married women aged 15-24 years with at least one live birth in the three years preceding the survey were considered for analysis in each survey round. We used descriptive statistics to assess the prevalence and trends in full ANC and SBA use. Pooled multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of the selected maternity care services.Results: The use of full ANC among young mothers increased from 27% to 46% in India, and from 9% to 28% in EAG (Empowered Action Group) states during the study period. SBA utilization was 88% and 83% during 2015-16 by showing an increment of 20% and 50% since 1992 in India and EAG states, respectively. Findings from multivariate analysis revealed significant difference in the use of selected maternal health care services by maternal age, residence, education, birth order and wealth quintile. Additionally, Muslim women, SC/ST women and women unexposed to mass media were less likely to utilize both the maternal health care services. Concerning the time effect, the odds of the utilization of full ANC and SBA among young women was found to increase over time.Conclusions: Utilization of full ANC remained unacceptably low, specifically in EAG states. Programmatic interventions, targeting women residing in EAG states, adolescents, illiterate, poor and Muslim and SC/ST women would help to increase full ANC utilization and to maintain the increasing trend of SBA use.
Cross-sectional Association Between Vitamin B12 Status and Probable Postpartum Depression in Indian Women
Authors: Dhiman Pooja , Pillai Raji R , Wilson Anand B , Premkumar Nancy , Bharadwaj Balaji , P Veena , Rajendiran Soundravally 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundVitamin B12 is an essential micronutrient for neurological function, as it leads to the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine, which is precursor of biologically active molecule SAM. Pregnancy is a state of increased demand and delayed postpartum repletion of nutrients may predispose women to depression. MethodsWomen attending postpartum clinic at 6 weeks post-delivery were screened for the presence of depressive symptoms using Edinburg postpartum depression scale (EPDS). Based on a cut-off of 10, two groups were taken- women with probable depression with EPDS score>10 (n=217) and women without probable depression with EPDS score<10(n=217). Plasma total vitamin B12, holotranscobalamin, homocysteine, MMA, 5-methyl THF, SAM and serotonin levels were estimated using commercially available ELISA kits. Combined B12(cB12) score was calculated and analysis of resulting data was done using SPSS ver20.0. ResultsTotal vitamin B12 was significantly lower (p=0.001) and MMA (p=0.002) and 5-methyl THF(p<0.001) levels were higher in women with probable depression than women without probable depression. Combined B12 index was also lower in women with probable PPD (p=0.001). Women in the lowest vitamin B12 quartile had 4.53 times higher likelihood of probable postpartum depression (p < 0.001). Decreasing vitamin B12 (OR = 0.394; 95% CI: 0.189-0.822) and cB12 (OR=0.293; 95% CI:0182-0.470) and increasing MMA (OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.63-2.83) and 5-methyl THF levels (OR = 3.29; 95% CI: 1.59-6.83) were significantly associated with the risk of PPD.ConclusionLow vitamin B12 may contribute to depressive symptoms in vulnerable postpartum period.
Clinical Characteristics and Predictive Value of low CD4+T Count in Patients with Moderate and Severe COVID-19: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Wen Xue-song , Gao Lei , Jiang Dan , Cheng Xiao-cheng , He Bin , Chen Yue , Lei Peng , Tan Wei-xiao , Qin Shu , Cai Guo-qiang , zhang dongying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, China. And, it has become a global pandemic. Describe the patient's clinical symptoms in detail, finding markers that predict the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 are of great value.MethodsIn this multicenter, retrospective study, 476 patients with COVID-19 were recruited from a consecutive series. After screening, a total of 395 patients were included in this study. All-cause death was the primary endpoint. All patients were followed up from admission till discharge or death.ResultsThe dominant symptoms observed in the study included fever on admission, cough, fatigue and shortness of breath. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes. Compared with patients with higher CD4+T cells level, patients with lower CD4+T cells level were older and were more frequently male. In terms of laboratory findings, lymphocyte count, CD4+T cell count, CD8+T cell count were significantly lower in low group than in higher group. The case in-hospital death rate was significant higher in patients with lower CD4+T level. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, CD4+T count below the lower limit of normal showed independent prognostic value for all-cause in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19. Conclusions: Reductions in lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets are common in COVID-19 patients, especially in severe cases. It is the CD8+T count, not the CD4+T count, that reflected the severity of the patient’s disease. Lower CD4+T count is independently associated with an increased rate of in-hospital death. Trial registration: Prognostic Factors of Patients With COVID-19, NCT04292964. Registered 03 March 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04292964.
The shaping advantage of M-wire compared with conventional nickel-titanium rotary instruments in heavy curvature canal
Authors: Tanaka-Sato Mika , Mutoh Noriko , Shimojima Kaori , Tani-Ishii Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shaping advantage of M-wire NiTi ProTaper NEXT (PTN) compared with a conventional NiTi ProTaper Universal (PTU) file in heavy curvature canal. The shaping ability was measured by the amount of canal cutting and transportation between the PTN and conventional PTU. Methods Root canal shaping by the PTN and conventional PTU was classified into two experimental groups according to the final tip size, ISO #25 or ISO #40. Eighty-four J-shaped root canals (10°, 20°, 30° apical curvature) in resin block were used. Results After adjusting for the level and canal wall side, the mean transportation did not significantly decrease between the PTN and PTU with ISO #25. Significantly less deviation occurred with the PTN and PTU between 10° and 30° using ISO #40. Conclusions The M-Wire NiTi PTN improves file flexibility and enables accurate canal shaping for heavy curvature canals.
Predictive Value of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio for Disease Deterioration and Serious Adverse Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zeng Zhi-Yong , Chen Gong-Ping , Wu Jiang-Nan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Early identification of patients who are at high risk of poor clinical outcomes is of great important in saving lives for patients with the novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in context of limited medical resources. Objective: To evaluate value of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), calculated at hospital admission and in isolation, for prediction of the subsequent presence of disease aggravation and serious clinical outcomes (e.g., shock, death).Methods: We designed a prospective cohort study of 352 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 between January 9 and February 26, 2020 in Yichang city, Hubei province. Patients with a NLR equal to and higher than the cutoff value derived from the receiver operating characteristic curve method were classified as the exposure group. The primary outcome was disease deterioration, defined as promotion of clinical classifications of the disease during hospitalization (e.g., moderate to severe/critical; severe to critical,). The secondary outcomes were shock and death occurred during the treatment.Results: During the follow up, 51 (14.5%) patients’ condition deteriorated, 15 patients (4.3%) complicated septic shock, and 15 patients (4.3%) died. NLR was higher in patients with deterioration than those without (median: 5.33 vs. 2.14, P <0.001), as well as between patients with and without serious clinical outcomes (shock vs. no shock: 6.19 vs. 2.25, P <0.001; death vs. survival: 7.19 vs. 2.25, P <0.001). NLR measured at hospital admission had high value in predicting subsequent disease deterioration, shock and death (all the areas under the curve > 0.80). The sensitivity of ≥ 2.6937 for the NLR in predicting subsequent disease deterioration, shock and death were 82.0% (95% confidence interval, 69.0 to 91.0), 93.3% (68.0 to 100), and 92.9% (66.0 to 100); and the corresponding negative predictive values were 95.7% (93.0 to 99.2), 99.5% (98.6 to 100) and 99.5% (98.6 to 100), respectively. Conclusions: The NLR measured at admission and in isolation can be used to effectively predict subsequent presence of disease deterioration and serious clinical outcomes for patients with COVID-19.
Can machine learning really solve the three-body problem?
Authors: Li Jing , Li Xiaoming , LIAO Shijun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Machine learning is becoming one of most rapidly growing technical fields, benefiting tremendous areas in science and industry. Recently, Breen et al demonstrated a new study with a multi-layered deep artificial neural network (ANN) on a chaotic three-body system and claimed that it can bring “success in accurately reproducing the results of a chaotic system” with “up to 100 million times faster than numerical integrator”. Here, we use their trained ANN model to predict periodic orbits of the same three-body system, but the detailed comparisons are disappointing. It might be due to the butterfly-effect of chaotic systems, i.e. very sensitive to tiny disturbance, but in practice nearly all ML algorithms derive their solutions statistically and probabilistically and therefore are rarely possible to train them to 100% accuracy. We illustrate here that the current accuracy of the machine learning is not precise enough for correct prediction of periodic orbits of a chaotic three-body system in a long enough duration. Thus, it is still a great challenge for machine learning to solve chaotic systems, such as the famous three-body problem. Without doubt, studies in machine learning on chaotic systems might greatly deepen and enrich our understandings not only on chaos but also on machine learning itself.
A Study to Assess the Risk Factors of Thyroid Functions among Bangladeshi Women during 1st Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Bushra Anika , Razzak Khandaker Sabit Bin , Hossain Mohammad Nabil , Sarwar A.S.M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In recent years many researches has centered on the influence of thyroid disease on pregnancy and the consequence of offspring.Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship of multiple risk factors and thyroid functions among Bangladeshi young women during 1st half of the pregnancy.Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was done in in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka on 200 pregnant women in their 1st half of pregnancy attending antenatal clinic, DMCH from December 2018 to December 2019. Where inclusion criteria were healthy singleton pregnant women up to 20 weeks of gestation.Results:According to this study, 10.5% subclinical hypothyroidism group and 36.8% from overt hypothyroidism patients had family history of thyroid dysfunction. 6.5% had stage-1 hypertension and 11% patients had stage-2 hypertension. Also, abnormal blood pressure level is highly correlated with thyroid dysfunction status. The rate of iron disfunction strongly correlated with thyroid dysfunction. 6% patients had mid-level of iron deficiency and 13.5% had iron deficiency anemia. Also, 62.5% had mild hemoglobin level and 37.5% had moderate- severe mild hemoglobin level.Conclusion:The results indicate that, iron deficiency, hypertension can be seen in hypothyroidism during the 1st half of pregnancy. Hence, routine thyroid monitoring, checkup and appropriate management is necessary for hyperthyroidism in the 1st half of pregnancy to avoid more adverse outcome.
Comprehensively Addressing Postpartum Maternal Health: a Content and Image Review of Commercially Available Mobile Health Apps
Authors: Tucker Laura , Villagomez Alan Cuevas , Krishnamurti Tamar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The United States is currently facing a maternal morbidity and mortality crisis, with the highest rates of any resource-rich nation. In efforts to address this, new guidelines for postpartum care suggest that mobile health apps can help provide complementary clinical support for new mothers during the postpartum period. However, to date no study has evaluated existing mobile health tools targeted to this time period for sufficiency of maternal health information, inclusivity of people of color, or accessibility to users.Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards were used to review the peripartum apps from the Apple and Google Play stores in either the Health/Fitness, Medical, or Education categories. Apps were then evaluated for extent and quality of maternal health information, inclusivity of people of color, and accessibility to app users.Results: Of the 301 apps from the Apple and Google Play stores, 25 met criteria for final evaluation. Of the 30 maternal health topics coded for, the median number addressed by apps was 19.5 (65%). Peripartum behaviors were more frequently addressed than peripartum outpatient care topics and peripartum acute health risks. The amount of maternal health information correlated positively with the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) quality score of the app, and inclusivity of people of color in app imagery also correlated positively with the MARS quality score. Only 8 apps (32%) portrayed greater than 24% images of people of color- the percent of non-white Americans according to 2019 census estimates. There was no correlation between number of users as estimated by number of store ratings and MARS quality. In addition, apps with clinical authority had greater MARS engagement, information, aesthetics, and quality scores, but did not have greater numbers of store ratings.Conclusions: Current commercially available peripartum apps overall do not provide adequate maternal health information, are not inclusive of women of color, and are not optimally accessible to the target users. Apps authored with clinical authority and higher-quality apps, by MARS score, are more likely to meet these standards, but are not more likely to be downloaded and used.
Anterior Transpedicle Screw in Lumbosacral Spine and Radiographic Measurements: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Xu Wei-Xing , Ding Wei-Guo , Xu Bin , Sheng Hong-Feng , Lu Di , Hu Tian-Hong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

The anterior transpedicle screw technique for L5 and S1 is crucial for proper anterior lumbar interbody fusion. This study aimed to determine the projection, screw trajectory angle, and bone screw passageway length (BSPL) of the anterior transpedicle screw in L5 and S1, as well as the screw’s insertion regularity and the operating area that is safe for its insertion.
Methods

Forty patients with low back pain, all of whom had lumbar computed tomography scans available, were included in a retrospective analysis. Radiographic parameters were measured, including the distances from the projection to the upper endplate, lower endplate, and midline; the transverse and sagittal screws’ angles; and the BSPL. Ten fresh adult cadaveric lumbosacral spine segments were chosen to determine the safe anatomical area at which to operate. Finally, anterior transpedicle screws were inserted in L5 and S1 to determine the regularity of anterior pedicle screw insertion.
Results

We measured the anterior projection parameters, including the distances to the upper endplate (L5:12.5 ± 1.3 mm; S1: 4.54 ± 0.87 mm), lower endplate (L5: 17.3 ± 1.6 mm), and midline (L5: 6.6 ± 0.7 mm; S1: 6.6 ± 0.6 mm); the screw trajectory angle, including the transverse screw angle (L5: 25.3° ± 2.8°; S1: 25.7° ± 2.6°), sagittal screw angle (L5: 17.1° ± 1.7°; S1: 22.4° ± 1.1°); and the BSPL (L5: 48.6 ± 3.5 mm; S1: 48.0 ± 3.5 mm). We then identified the safe operating area and the regularity of L5 and S1 anterior pedicle screw insertions.
Conclusions

We determined the projection, screw trajectory angle, and BSPL of anterior transpedicle screws in L5 and S1, their insertion regularity, and the area in which the operation could be safely performed.