bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Structural Competency in Emergency Medical Education
Authors: Salhi Bisan A. , Tsai Jennifer W. , Druck Jeffrey , Ward‐Gaines Jacqueline , White Melissa H. , Lopez Bernard L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs the emergency department (ED) is the “front door” of the hospital and the primary site by which most patients access the health care system, issues of inequity are especially salient for emergency medicine (EM) practice. Improving the health of ED patients, especially those who are stigmatized and disenfranchised, depends on having emergency physicians that are cognizant and attentive to their needs in and out of the medical encounter. EM resident education has traditionally incorporated a “cultural competency” model to equip residents with tools to combat individual bias and stigma. Although this framework has been influential in drawing attention to health inequities, it has also been criticized for its potential to efface differences within groups (such as socioeconomic differences), overstate cultural or racial differences, and unintentionally reinforce stereotypes or blaming of patients for their ill health or difficult circumstances. In contrast, emerging frameworks of structural competency call for physicians to recognize the ways in which health outcomes are influenced by complex, interrelated structural forces (e.g., poverty, racism, gender discrimination, immigration policy) and to attend to these causes of poor health. We present here the framework of structural competency, extending it to the unique ED setting. We provide tangible illustrations of the ways in which this framework is relevant to the ED setting and can be incorporated in EM education.
Coarse grained computational fluid dynamic simulation of sands and biomass fluidization with a hybrid drag
Authors: Lu Liqiang , Gao Xi , Shahnam Mehrdad , Rogers William A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe bubbling fluidized bed reactor is widely used in fast pyrolysis of biomass. Discrete simulation of this reactor is challenging due to many sand particles and lack of accurate drag corrections accounting for the interaction of two different solid particles with different properties. In this research, the computational cost is reduced by using the coarse‐grained computational fluid dynamic‐discrete element method, where many sand particles are lumped into a larger numerical parcel. The Syamlal–O'Brien drag model is used for sand, while Ganser correction coupled with Gidaspow model is used for the nonspherical biomass particles. This hybrid approach shows superior behavior over other drag models using pressure drops as a benchmark. The predicted bed height and pressure fluctuating frequencies compare well with experiment. The mixing of biomass is close to perfect if the superficial velocity is larger than four times the minimum fluidization velocity.
Highly Selective Recovery of Lanthanides by Using a Layered Vanadate with Acid and Radiation Resistance
Authors: Sun Haiyan , Liu Yang , Lin Jian , Yue Zenghui , Li Weian , Jin Jiance , Sun Qian , Ai Yuejie , Feng Meiling , Huang Xiaoying 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is of vital importance to capture lanthanides (nuclear fission products) from waste solutions for radionuclide remediation owing to their hazards. The effective separation of lanthanides are achieved by an acid/base‐stable and radiation‐resistant vanadate, namely, [Me2NH2]V3O7 (1). It exhibits high adsorption capacities for lanthanides (qmEu=161.4 mg g−1; qmSm=139.2 mg g−1). And high adsorption capacities are maintained over a pH range of 2.0–6.9 (qmEu=75.1 mg g−1 at low pH of 2.5). It displays high selectivity for Eu3+ (simulant of An3+) against a large excess of interfering ions. It can efficiently separate Eu3+ and Cs+ (or Sr2+) with the highest separation factor SFEu/Cs of 156 (SFEu/Sr of 134) to date. The adsorption mechanism is revealed by calculations and XPS, EXAFS, Raman, and elemental analyses. These merits combined with facile synthesis and convenient elution makes the title vanadate a promising lanthanide scavenger for environmental remediation.
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Lyconadins A–E through a Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck‐Type Reaction
Authors: Zhang Jiayang , Yan Yangtian , Hu Rong , Li Ting , Bai Wen‐Ju , Yang Yang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA novel palladium‐catalyzed Heck‐type reaction of thiocarbamates has been designed to construct bridged seven‐membered‐ring systems that are otherwise challenging to prepare. Taking advantage of this newly developed method, enantioselective syntheses of lyconadins A–E (1–5), lycopecurine (6), and dehydrolycopecurine (7) have been realized in a divergent fashion. Our synthetic strategy also features an intramolecular cyclization of a N‐chloroamine to forge the C6−N bond, a transannular Mannich‐type reaction of a cyclic nitrone to stitch the C4 and C13 together, and a cyclocondensation to deliver the (dihydro‐)pyridone motif.
Regulating the Spin State of FeIII by Atomically Anchoring on Ultrathin Titanium Dioxide for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Shen Guoqiang , Zhang Rongrong , Pan Lun , Hou Fang , Zhao Yingjie , Shen Zeyu , Mi Wenbo , Shi Chengxiang , Wang Qingfa , Zhang Xiangwen , Zou Ji‐Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFerric oxides and (oxy)hydroxides, although plentiful and low‐cost, are rarely considered for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to the too high spin state (eg filling ca. 2.0) suppressing the bonding strength with reaction intermediates. Now, a facile adsorption–oxidation strategy is used to anchor FeIII atomically on an ultrathin TiO2 nanobelt to synergistically lower the spin state (eg filling ca. 1.08) to enhance the adsorption with oxygen‐containing intermediates and improve the electro‐conductibility for lower ohmic loss. The electronic structure of the catalyst is predicted by DFT calculation and perfectly confirmed by experimental results. The catalyst exhibits superior performance for OER with overpotential 270 mV @10 mA cm−2 and 376 mV @100 mA cm−2 in alkaline solution, which is much better than IrO2/C and RuO2/C and is the best iron‐based OER catalyst free of active metals such as Ni, Co, or precious metals.
Stereoselective Base‐Catalyzed 1,1‐Silaboration of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Gu Yiting , Duan Yaya , Shen Yangyang , Martin Ruben 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA base‐catalyzed reaction that enables stereoselective 1,1‐silaboration of terminal alkynes is described. This method not only offers a new strategy to functionalize simple and readily accessible alkynes beyond 1,2‐difunctionalization, but also provides an unconventional atom‐ and step‐economical approach to rapidly and reliably access versatile geminal silylboranes in the absence of transition metals and with exquisite stereoselectivity.
A Unified Total Synthesis of the Actinoallolides, a Family of Potent Anti‐Trypanosomal Macrolides
Authors: Anketell Matthew J. , Sharrock Theodore M. , Paterson Ian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTrypanosoma protozoan parasites are the causative agents of Chagas disease and sleeping sickness, two neglected tropical diseases where there is an urgent need for improved treatments and the evaluation of promising drug leads like the actinoallolides. Enabled by the highly stereocontrolled aldol reactions of three chiral ketone building blocks, an efficient first total synthesis of the potent anti‐trypanosomal macrolide (+)‐actinoallolide A has been achieved in 17 steps and 8 % overall yield. Our convergent route features an adventurous ring‐closing metathesis to form the requisite trisubstituted (8E)‐alkene in the 12‐membered macrolactone, followed by the controlled installation of the labile transannular hemiacetal. Late‐stage diversification then provides ready access to the congeneric (+)‐actinoallolides B–E.
Development and Elucidation of a Pd‐Based Cyclization–Oxygenation Sequence for Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Yi Heng , Hu Pengfei , Snyder Scott A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPd‐catalyzed sequences involving oxidative addition, cyclization, and termination through intermolecular nucleophile capture have tremendous utility. Indeed, they can generate a plethora of different polycyclic structures possessing a diverse range of functionality. However, one area of deficiency for Pd0/PdII variants is the ability to conclude them with oxygen‐based species. Inspired by the recent discovery of one such reaction in the course of a total synthesis program, we delineate herein that it has significant strength, both in terms of substrate scope as well as the terminating oxygen nucleophile. As a result, the reaction proved critical in achieving total syntheses of two oxygenated natural products, one of which was prone to over‐oxidation. Finally, a mechanistic proposal that accounts for its success is provided.
Antifeeding effects of azadirachtin on the fifth instar Spodoptera litura larvae and the analysis of azadirachtin on target sensilla around mouthparts
Authors: Qin Deqiang , Zhang Peiwen , Zhou You , Liu Benju , Xiao Chunxia , Chen Weibin , Zhang Zhixiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo clarify the types, number, and distribution of sensilla on the head of the fifth instar Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae and identify the main sensilla of azadirachtin acting on larvae, scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the head and sensilla on the mouthparts. The four sensilla—sensillum basiconicum, sensillum chaeticum, sensillum styloconicum, and sensillum trichodeum—on the head of the fifth instar larvae were treated with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg azadirachtin by a microdrop method. The larvae showed an obvious antifeeding effect with azadirachtin. And higher the concentration of azadirachtin, the more obvious the phenomenon of antifeeding activity. The sensillum styloconicum and the sensillum trichodeum were the main sensilla for azadirachtin. When 1 mg/kg azadirachtin was used to treat sensillum styloconicum and sensillum basiconicum, the fifth instar larvae of S. litura showed obvious antifeedant activity and the cumulative feed intake for 24 hr was no more than 30% of the leaf area. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction verified the expression patterns of some Grs, indicating that Grst43a was upregulated by 1.3‐ and 3.9‐fold, Gor24 was upregulated by 2.5‐ and 3.3‐fold, Gr5a was downregulated by 0.6‐fold and upregulated by 2.0‐fold, and Gr28a was downregulated by 0.8‐fold and upregulated by 3.6‐fold upon treatment with 0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg azadirachtin in 24 hr. Gr genes participated in the identification of bitterness and we speculated that Gr genes may indirectly lead to the occurrence of antifeeding behavior.
Assuring Clonality on the Beacon Digital Cell Line Development Platform
Authors: Le Kim , Tan Christopher , Le Huong , Tat Jasmine , Zasadzinska Ewelina , Diep Jonathan , Zastrow Ryan , Chen Chun , Stevens Jennitte 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDuring biomanufacturing cell lines development, the generation and screening for single‐cell derived subclones using methods that enable assurance of clonal derivation can be resource‐ and time‐intensive. High‐throughput miniaturization, automation, and analytic strategies are often employed to reduce such bottlenecks. The Beacon platform from Berkeley Lights offers a strategy to eliminate these limitations through culturing, manipulating, and characterizing cells on custom nanofluidic chips via software‐controlled operations. However, explicit demonstration of this technology to provide high assurance of a single cell progenitor has not been reported. Here, a methodology that utilizes the Beacon instrument to ensure high levels of clonality is described. It is demonstrated that the Beacon platform can efficiently generate production cell lines with a superior clonality data package, detailed tracking, and minimal resources. A stringent in‐process quality control strategy is established to enable rapid verification of clonal origin, and the workflow is validated using representative Chinese hamster ovary‐derived cell lines stably expressing either green or red fluorescence protein. Under these conditions, a >99% assurance of clonal origin is achieved, which is comparable to existing imaging‐coupled fluorescence‐activated cell sorting seeding methods.
Alexithymia and anhedonia in early Richardson's syndrome and progressive supranuclear palsy with predominant parkinsonism
Authors: Assogna Francesca , Pellicano Clelia , Cravello Luca , Savini Cinzia , Macchiusi Lucia , Pierantozzi Mariangela , Stefani Alessandro , Mercuri Bruno , Caltagirone Carlo , Pontieri Francesco E. , Spalletta Gianfranco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionPhenotypic variants of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are all characterized by the combination of motor symptoms of parkinsonism with a number of neuropsychiatric and cognitive disorders. Despite the strong effort in characterizing these features in PSP, alexithymia and anhedonia have not been investigated at present. Here, we aimed at investigating the qualitative and quantitative differences of alexithymia and anhedonia in the two more frequent variants of PSP, Richardson's syndrome (PSP‐RS) and PSP with predominant parkinsonism (PSP‐P) compared to Parkinson's disease (PD) patients recruited within 24 months after the onset of motor symptoms.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐five PD, 11 PSP‐P, and 14 PSP‐RS patients underwent clinical, neuropsychiatric, and neuropsychological evaluations. Alexithymia was assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale‐20 item (TAS‐20), and hedonic tone was measured by the Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS).ResultsIn PSP‐P and PSP‐RS patients, the frequency of alexithymia diagnosis was higher than in PD. On the TAS‐20 scores, PSP‐RS performed worse in the total score and in F2 sub‐scale when compared to PD. Among patients with diagnosis of depression, PSP‐RS showed higher scores in TAS‐20 total and TAS‐20 F2 than PD. No significant differences in TAS‐20 scores were found in nondepressed patients. Finally, we did not find significant differences among PD, PSP‐P, and PSP‐RS groups in the SHAPS scores.ConclusionsAlexithymia is identifiable very early in PSP‐P and PSP‐RS patients. Alexithymic symptoms differentiate PSP‐RS group from PD group but not between the two subtypes of PSP. Further, alexithymia in PSP seems to be predicted by the presence of depression. Altered emotional capability could be related to specific neurophysiological dysfunction occurring precociously in PSP; therefore, its identification could orient the diagnosis toward PSP cases.
2D or 3D? How cell motility measurements are conserved across dimensions in vitro and translate in vivo
Authors: Galarza Sualyneth , Kim Hyuna , Atay Naciye , Peyton Shelly R. , Munson Jennifer M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCell motility is a critical aspect of several processes, such as wound healing and immunity; however, it is dysregulated in cancer. Current limitations of imaging tools make it difficult to study cell migration in vivo. To overcome this, and to identify drivers from the microenvironment that regulate cell migration, bioengineers have developed 2D (two‐dimensional) and 3D (three‐dimensional) tissue model systems in which to study cell motility in vitro, with the aim of mimicking elements of the environments in which cells move in vivo. However, there has been no systematic study to explicitly relate and compare cell motility measurements between these geometries or systems. Here, we provide such analysis on our own data, as well as across data in existing literature to understand whether, and which, metrics are conserved across systems. To our surprise, only one metric of cell movement on 2D surfaces significantly and positively correlates with cell migration in 3D environments (percent migrating cells), and cell invasion in 3D has a weak, negative correlation with glioblastoma invasion in vivo. Finally, to compare across complex model systems, in vivo data, and data from different labs, we suggest that groups report an effect size, a statistical tool that is most translatable across experiments and labs, when conducting experiments that affect cellular motility.
Ultrasound guided vascular access site management and left ventricular pacing are associated with improved outcomes in contemporary transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Insights from the OxTAVI registry
Authors: Kotronias Rafail A. , Scarsini Roberto , De Maria Giovanni L. , Rajasundaram Skanda , Sayeed Rana , Krasopoulos George , Grebenik Catherine , Keiralla Amar , Newton James D. , Banning Adrian P. , Kharbanda Rajesh K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo identify clinical and procedural practice predictors of avoidable complications during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundTAVR is evolving as a viable strategy for treatment of aortic stenosis (AS). Vascular complications, major bleeding, or pericardial tamponade may be influenced by procedural practice.MethodsThe Oxford TAVR (OxTAVI) prospective registry was retrospectively analyzed to identify predictors of avoidable procedural complications in a contemporary cohort of transfemoral TAVR between January 2015 and September 2018. The primary endpoint was defined as a hierarchic composite of in‐hospital mortality, pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade, major bleeding, and vascular access complications. Individual components of the primary endpoint have been analyzed separately.ResultsFive‐hundred‐twenty‐nine patients underwent transfemoral TAVR using contemporary techniques during the study period and were enrolled in the OxTAVI registry.Female sex and high frailty were associated with a higher risk of death, major bleeding, vascular complication or pericardial tamponade. The use of ultrasound (US) guidance for vascular access management was independently associated with a reduced composite primary endpoint (OR = 0.35, CI:0.14–0.86, p = .02) after adjustment for clinical confounders, largely driven by a threefold reduction in vascular access complication (OR = 0.29, CI:0.15–0.55, p < .001). Performing rapid pacing via the left ventricle guidewire (LV‐GW) was associated with a significant decrease in the risk of cardiac tamponade/pericardial effusion (OR = 0.19, CI:0.05–0.66, p = .009).ConclusionUS‐guided vascular access management and rapid pacing via the LV‐GW are important determinants of reduced procedural complications during TAVR.
Conductive Gels Based on Modified Agarose Embedded with Gold Nanoparticles and their Application as a Conducting Support for Shewanella Oneidensis MR‐1
Authors: Suravaram Sindhu K. , Smith David K. , Parkin Alison , Chechik Victor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractShewanella oneidensis is an electrogenic microbe which could be more widely applied in biosensing and fuel cell applications if better methods existed to promote electrode‐biofilm formation. This paper reports a simple procedure that converts agarose, a cheap and readily available polymer, into a modified “MAgarose” material which will form biocompatible hydrogels that embed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) along the fibers to yield a composite material with a conductivity ca. 80 times higher than an unmodified agarose‐AuNP gel. Proof‐of‐concept bioelectrochemical experiments using Shewanella oneidensis show that when these MAgarose‐AuNP gels are used to coat carbon veil there is a 10‐fold increase in oxidative microbial current production when tested in a 3‐electrode cell set‐up. Microscopy results show that this can be attributed to the ability of the composite hydrogel to support MR‐1 growth throughout the 3D matrix.
In‐situ structural characterizations of electrochemical intercalation of graphite compounds
Authors: Li Na , Su Dong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGraphite carbon has been successfully used for the anode materials of secondary ion batteries due to its capability of accommodating ions between graphite layers. The intercalation dynamics intrinsically determine the performance of the batteries. In this review, we summarize recent research progresses of structural characterizations on graphite intercalation in electrochemical devices, especially on the in‐situ study on the intercalations of Li/Na/K ions, and other anions, or solvents. These techniques, including X‐ray, electron microscopy, Raman, neutron scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, and optical microscopy provide direct information of the reaction dynamics and help to understand the factors affecting the electrochemical performances of metallic ion batteries.
Dialkylterphenyl Phosphine‐Based Palladium Precatalysts for Efficient Aryl Amination of N‐Nucleophiles
Authors: Rama Raquel J. , Maya Celia , Nicasio M. Carmen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA series of 2‐aminobiphenyl palladacycles supported by dialkylterphenyl phosphines, PR2Ar′ (R=Me, Et, iPr, Cyp (cyclopentyl), Ar′=ArDipp2, ArXyl2f, Dipp (2,6‐C6H3‐(2,6‐C6H3‐(CHMe2)2)2), Xyl=xylyl) have been prepared and structurally characterized. Neutral palladacycles were obtained with less bulky terphenyl phosphines (i.e., Me and Et substituents) whereas the largest phosphines provided cationic palladacycles in which the phosphines adopted a bidentate hemilabile k1‐P,η1‐Carene coordination mode. The influence of the ligand structure on the catalytic performance of these Pd precatalysts was evaluated in aryl amination reactions. Cationic complexes bearing the phosphines PiPr2ArXyl2 and PCyp2ArXyl2 were the most active of the series. These precatalysts have demonstrated a high versatility and efficiency in the coupling of a variety of nitrogen nucleophiles, including secondary amines, alkyl amines, anilines, and indoles, with electronically deactivated and ortho‐substituted aryl chlorides at low catalyst loadings (0.25–0.75 mol % Pd) and without excess ligand.
Time‐Resolved Dynamics of Struvite Crystallization: Insights from the Macroscopic to Molecular Scale
Authors: Kim Doyoung , Olympiou Chara , McCoy Colin P. , Irwin Nicola J. , Rimer Jeffrey D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe crystallization of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (struvite) often occurs under conditions of fluid flow, yet the dynamics of struvite growth under these relevant environments has not been previously reported. In this study, we use a microfluidic device to evaluate the anisotropic growth of struvite crystals at variable flow rates and solution supersaturation. We show that bulk crystallization under quiescent conditions yields irreproducible data owing to the propensity of struvite to adopt defects in its crystal lattice, as well as fluctuations in pH that markedly impact crystal growth rates. Studies in microfluidic channels allow for time‐resolved analysis of seeded growth along all three principle crystallographic directions and under highly controlled environments. After having first identified flow rates that differentiate diffusion and reaction limited growth regimes, we operated solely in the latter regime to extract the kinetic rates of struvite growth along the [100], [010], and [001] directions. In situ atomic force microscopy was used to obtain molecular level details of surface growth mechanisms. Our findings reveal a classical pathway of crystallization by monomer addition with the expected transition from growth by screw dislocations at low supersaturation to that of two‐dimensional layer generation and spreading at high supersaturation. Collectively, these studies present a platform for assessing struvite crystallization under flow conditions and demonstrate how this approach is superior to measurements under quiescent conditions.