bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A full‐range gradient survey for 2D electrical resistivity tomography
Authors: Zhou Bing , Bouzidi Youcef , Ullah Saif , Asim Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose an enhanced version of the multi‐gradient measurement technique, called full‐range gradient survey, for 2D electrical resistivity tomography. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we conducted numerical simulations and field experiments to highlight the advantages of the new data‐acquisition technique on the traditional electrode arrays and the original multi‐gradient measurement technique. A comparison of the imaging capabilities of the full‐range gradient technique with the dipole–dipole, Schlumberger and multi‐gradient shows that the former inherits all the advantages of the multi‐gradient technique as well as the sensitivity of the traditional three‐ and four‐electrode arrays. The new survey technique has a better pseudo‐section coverage, a much smaller geometrical factor, and less noise contamination than the dipole–dipole survey. It significantly improves the subsurface images of the Schlumberger and original multi‐gradient data. The numerical and field experiments both demonstrate that the full‐range gradient survey can be an alternative to all the traditional electrode arrays and original multi‐gradient surveys of 2D electrical resistivity tomography to obtain better quality and higher resolution images of near‐surface targets.
A new exploration on existence of Sobolev‐type Hilfer fractional neutral integro‐differential equations with infinite delay
Authors: Vijayakumar V. , Udhayakumar R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article is primarily focusing on the existence of Sobolev‐type Hilfer fractional neutral integro‐differential systems via measure of noncompactness. We study our primary outcomes by employing fractional calculus, measure of noncompactness and fixed point technique. First, we discuss the existence of mild solution for the fractional evolution system. Then, we extend our results to discuss the system with nonlocal conditions. Finally, we provide theoretical and practical applications to illustrate the obtained theory.
Cover Image, Volume 76, Issue 11
Authors: Singh Vijay , Etheredge Luke , McGinty Josh , Morgan Gaylon , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar 
Published: October 2020

The cover image is based on the Research Article First case of glyphosate resistance in weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus) by Vijay Singh et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5917.
image
Mechanisms underlying the selectivity of meta‐diamides between insect resistance to dieldrin (RDL) and human γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine receptors
Authors: Nakao Toshifumi , Banba Shinichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMeta‐diamides [3‐benzamido‐N‐(4‐(perfluoropropan‐2‐yl)phenyl)benzamides] show high insecticide activity by acting as antagonists to the insect resistance to dieldrin (RDL) γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. In contrast, low‐level antagonist activities of meta‐diamides have been demonstrated against the human GABA type A receptor (GABAAR) α1β2γ2S, mammalian GABAAR α1β3γ2S, and the human glycine receptor (GlyR) α1β. Glycine residue 336 in the membrane‐spanning region M3 of the Drosophila RDL GABA receptor is essential for its high sensitivity to meta‐diamide 7, [3‐benzamido‐N‐(2‐bromo‐4‐(perfluoropropan‐2‐yl)‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐2‐fluorobenzamide].RESULTSWe examined the effects of an equivalent mutation (M288G) in spontaneously opened human GABAAR β3 homomers using membrane potential assay. Picrotoxin and fipronil blocked spontaneously opened human GABAARs β3 and β3‐M286G in a concentration‐dependent manner. In contrast, meta‐diamide 7 did not block spontaneously opened GABAAR β3 homomers, although meta‐diamide 7 blocked spontaneously opened GABAAR β3‐M286G homomers. In addition, inhibitory potency of meta‐diamide 7 for GABA‐induced membrane potential change in cells expressing GABAAR α1β3‐M286G was much higher than that in cells expressing GABAAR α1β3. In the same way, the equivalent mutation (A288G) in GlyR α1 increased the inhibitory potency of meta‐diamide 7 for GlyRs α1 and α1β.CONCLUSIONStudies substituting an equivalent mutation (M288G) in spontaneously opening human GABAAR β3 homomers and human GABAARs α1β3 heteromers suggest that M286 in human GABAAR β3 is important for the low sensitivity to meta‐diamide 7. In this study, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the selectivity of meta‐diamides between insect RDL and human GABA and glycine receptors. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
New iterative linear matrix inequality based procedure for H2 and H∞ state feedback control of continuous‐time polytopic systems
Authors: Hu Cheng , Jaimoukha Imad M. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis article provides new linear matrix inequality (LMI) sufficient conditions for a generalized robust state feedback control synthesis problem for linear continuous‐time polytopic systems. This generalized problem includes the robust stability, H2‐norm, and H∞‐norm problems as special cases. Using a novel general separation result, which separates the state feedback gain from the Lyapunov matrix but with the state feedback gain synthesized from the slack variable, then allows the formulation of LMI sufficient conditions for the generalized problem. Compared to existing parameterized LMI based conditions, where auxiliary scalar parameters are introduced in order to include the quadratic stability conditions (ie, assuming a constant Lyapunov matrix) as a special case, the proposed new conditions are true LMIs and contain as a particular case the optimal quadratic stability solution. Utilizing any initial solution derived by the quadratic or some existing methods as a starting solution, we propose an algorithm based on an iterative procedure, which is recursively feasible in each update, to compute a sequence of nonincreasing upper bounds for the H2‐norm and H∞‐norm. In addition, if no feasible initial solution can be found for some uncertain systems using any existing methods, another algorithm is presented that offers the possibility of obtaining a robust stabilizing gain. Numerical examples from the literature demonstrate that our algorithms can provide less conservative results than existing methods, and they can also find feasible solutions where all other methods fail.
Control‐channel interactions in diffusive dynamical networks: A graph‐theoretic perspective
Authors: Koorehdavoudi Kasra , Roy Sandip , Abad Torres Jackeline , Xue Mengran 
Published: October 2020

SummaryControl‐channel interactions in a linear diffusive network model are studied, with the aim of determining the role of the network's topology in such interactions. Specifically, the influence of a built controller on the infinite and finite zero structure of a second control channel is characterized. The analysis shows how the network's graph topology, the relative positions of the two channels, and the architecture of the built controller influence the zero structure of the second control channel. Further, the influence of low or high gain controller designs on remote channels is examined. The analyses demonstrate that some control architectures and positions can introduce undesirable nonminimum‐phase dynamics at remote locations, while others are guaranteed to maintain or promote minimum‐phase dynamics.
A Metal–Polymer Hybrid Biomimetic System for use in the Chemodynamic‐Enhanced Photothermal Therapy of Cancers
Authors: Kong Lingdan , Yuan Feng , Huang Pingping , Yan Lu , Cai Zhenzhai , Lawson Tom , Wu Wencan , Chou Shulei , Liu Yong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article reports the fabrication of a smart biomimetic enzyme system, which incorporates a pH‐responsive chemodynamic therapy (CDT) combined with a photothermal (PTT) therapy approach in resolving the high recurrence rate of deadly cancers. The resulting enzyme system comprises copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticle (NP) cores as Fenton‐like catalysts, and a photothermal‐active generation 5 poly(amidoamine) (G5) dendrimer as a template for the entrapment of Cu NPs and the compression of glucose oxidase (GOD). GOD is introduced to produce H2O2 necessary in the sequential Fenton‐like reaction, and this generates hydroxyl radicals that kill the cancerous cells. Polyethylene glycol is added to the system to improve biocompatibility. Mechanism study suggests that the constructed CuS/G5‐GOD‐based system has a better Fenton‐like catalytic activity than a Fe3O4‐GOD‐based system. This allows the further inhibition on the residual tumors from recurrence and metastasis through CDT after being treated by PTT. The developed smart nanoscale biomimetic system shows high efficiency for breast cancer suppression from recurrence and metastasis by combining PTT with a pH‐responsive CDT. It has the potential to resolve the essential issue of cancer recurrence after its initial clinic treatment.
Modeling tomato evapotranspiration and yield responses to salinity using different macroscopic reduction functions
Authors: Yang Hui , Du Taisheng , Mao Xiaomin , Shukla Manoj K 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlant responses to salinity can be used to manage irrigation with brackish water. This study evaluated effects of brackish water irrigation on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants, proposed a new model to describe plant relative evapotranspiration (ET) and relative yield as a function of electrical conductivity of soil saturated paste extract (ECe), and compared the estimations of the new model with four other models (linear model of Mass and Hoffman, and three nonlinear models of van Genuchten, Dirksen, and Homaee). A greenhouse experiment was conducted with five salinity treatments: tap water of EC 0.6, brackish groundwater of EC 2 and 3, and reverse osmosis (RO) of EC 4 and 6 dS m−1. Results indicated no changes in leaf photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) up to 2 dS m−1 irrigation water salinity. Nonlinear models better described tomato yield and seasonal ET. The proposed new model performed best when compared with four previous models to predict tomato yield and ET responses to salinity. The calculated soil salinity threshold values (ECe*) from the new model were 1.73 dS m−1 for yield and 2.52 dS m−1 for ET. Data from published studies on effects of irrigation water salinity (ECw) on tomato yield and ET were analyzed to validate models. The results showed that the new model was simpler and superior in estimating plant responses to ECw. Tomato is a salt‐sensitive crop, and irrigation with brackish waters adversely influences growth and ET.
Low‐carbon transition risks for finance
Authors: Semieniuk Gregor , Campiglio Emanuele , Mercure Jean‐Francois , Volz Ulrich , Edwards Neil R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe transition to a low‐carbon economy will entail a large‐scale structural change. Some industries will have to expand their relative economic weight, while other industries, especially those directly linked to fossil fuel production and consumption, will have to decline. Such a systemic shift may have major repercussions on the stability of financial systems, via abrupt asset revaluations, defaults on debt, and the creation of bubbles in rising industries. Studies on previous industrial transitions have shed light on the financial transition risks originating from rapidly rising “sunrise” industries. In contrast, a similar conceptual understanding of risks from declining “sunset” industries is currently lacking. We substantiate this claim with a critical review of the conceptual and historical literature, which also shows that most literature either examines structural change in the real economy, or risks to financial stability, but rarely both together. We contribute to filling this research gap by developing a consistent theoretical framework of the drivers, transmission channels, and impacts of the phase‐out of carbon‐intensive industries on the financial system and on the feedback from the financial system into the rest of the economy. We also review the state of play of policy aiming to protect the financial system from transition risks and spell out research implications.This article is categorized under:
Climate Economics > Economics and Climate Change
Farmer's income and agrarian distress: The case of India
Authors: Singh Rohit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper analyses the effects of five distinct factors, which are responsible for high incidents of suicides among farmers in India. The study analyses the effect of ratio of net irrigated area to net sown area, average yield per hectare and expenditure by the households, and credit advanced to the farmers and proportion of food grain crops and non‐food grain crops on farmer's suicides. The study uses a panel data over 17 years (from 2001–2002 till 2017–2018) for all 28 states. The study finds that an increase in ratio of net irrigated area to net sown area, average yield and credit advanced to the farmers reduces the number of farmer suicides, whereas farmer's household expenditure and proportion of food to non‐food crops have no significant effect on suicides. Furthermore, the paper suggests that there are increased incidences of suicides by the farmers every year and the government need to amend its existing agricultural policies and work for the economic and social well‐being of the farmers, thus preventing suicides at a larger scale. The study also draws a comparison with Chinese policy at local level which may be implicated in India.
Conformal group theory of tensor structures
Authors: Burić Ilija , Schomerus Volker , Isachenkov Mikhail 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The decomposition of correlation functions into conformal blocks is an indispensable tool in conformal field theory. For spinning correlators, non-trivial tensor structures are needed to mediate between the conformal blocks, which are functions of cross ratios only, and the correlation functions that depend on insertion points in the d-dimensional Euclidean space. Here we develop an entirely group theoretic approach to tensor structures, based on the Cartan decomposition of the conformal group. It provides us with a new universal formula for tensor structures and thereby a systematic derivation of crossing equations. Our approach applies to a ‘gauge’ in which the conformal blocks are wave functions of Calogero-Sutherland models rather than solutions of the more standard Casimir equations. Through this ab initio construction of tensor structures we complete the Calogero-Sutherland approach to conformal correlators, at least for four-point functions of local operators in non-supersymmetric models. An extension to defects and superconformal symmetry is possible.
Compressions of Multiplication Operators and Their Characterizations
Authors: Câmara M. Cristina , Kliś–Garlicka Kamila , Łanucha Bartosz , Ptak Marek 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDual truncated Toeplitz operators and other restrictions of the multiplication by the independent variable $$M_z$$

M
z

on the classical $$L^2$$

L
2

space on the unit circle are investigated. Commutators are calculated and commutativity is characterized. A necessary and sufficient condition for any operator to be a dual truncated Toeplitz operator is established. A formula for recovering its symbol is stated.
Current treatment and outcomes of traumatic sternovertebral fractures: a systematic review
Authors: Klei Dorine S. , Öner F. Cumhur , Leenen Luke P. H. , van Wessem Karlijn J. P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Combined sternal and spinal fractures are rare traumatic injuries with significant risk of spinal and thoracic wall instability. Controversy remains with regard to treatment strategies and the biomechanical need for sternal fixation to achieve spinal healing. The present study aimed to assess outcomes of sternovertebral fracture treatment.

Methods
A systematic review of literature on the treatment of traumatic sternovertebral fractures was conducted. Original studies published after 1990, reporting sternal and spinal healing or stability were included. Studies not reporting treatment outcomes were excluded.

Results
Six studies were included in this review, with a total study population of 98 patients: 2 case series, 3 case reports, and 1 retrospective cohort study. 10 per cent of sternal fractures showed displacement. Most spinal fractures were located in the thoracic spine and were AOSpine type A (51%), type B (35%), or type C (14%). 14 per cent of sternal fractures and 49% of spinal fractures were surgically treated. Sternal treatment failure occurred in 5% of patients and biomechanical spinal failure in 8%. There were no differences in treatment failure between conservative and operative treatment.

Conclusion
Literature on traumatic sternovertebral fracture treatment is sparse. Findings indicate that in most patients, sternal fixation is not required to achieve sternal and spinal stability. However, results of the current review should be cautiously interpreted, since most included studies were of poor quality.
Health effects after inhalation of micro- and nano-sized zinc oxide particles in human volunteers
Authors: Monsé Christian , Raulf Monika , Jettkant Birger , van Kampen Vera , Kendzia Benjamin , Schürmeyer Leonie , Seifert Christoph Edzard , Marek Eike-Maximilian , Westphal Götz , Rosenkranz Nina , Merget Rolf , Brüning Thomas , Bünger Jürgen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInhalation of ZnO particles can cause inflammation of the airways and metal fume fever. It is unclear if different sizes of the particles alter these effects. However, various studies report higher biological activity of other nano-sized particles compared to microparticles. No effects at all were observed after inhalation of micro- and nano-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) particle concentrations of 0.5 mg/m3. Studies with different particle sizes of ZnO at higher exposures are not available. Accordingly, we hypothesized that inhalation of nano-sized ZnO particles induces stronger health effects than the inhalation of the same airborne mass concentration of micro-sized ZnO particles. 16 healthy volunteers (eight men, eight women) were exposed to filtered air and ZnO particles (2.0 mg/m3) for 2 h (one session with nano- and one with micro-sized ZnO) including 1 h of cycling at moderate workload. Effect parameters were symptoms, body temperature, inflammatory markers in blood and in induced sputum. Induced sputum was obtained at baseline examination, 22 h after exposure and at the end of the final test. The effects were assessed before, immediately after, about 22 h after, as well as two and three days after each exposure. Neutrophils, monocytes and acute-phase proteins in blood increased 22 h after micro- and nano-sized ZnO exposure. Effects were generally stronger with micro-sized ZnO particles. Parameters in induced sputum showed partial increases on the next day, but the effect strengths were not clearly attributable to particle sizes. The hypothesis that nano-sized ZnO particles induce stronger health effects than micro-sized ZnO particles was not supported by our data. The stronger systemic inflammatory responses after inhalation of micro-sized ZnO particles can be explained by the higher deposition efficiency of micro-sized ZnO particles in the respiratory tract and a substance-specific mode of action, most likely caused by the formation of zinc ions.
A comparative study using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography, and skinfolds to assess fat mass in preterms at term equivalent age
Authors: Yumani Dana F. J. , de Jongh Dide , Lafeber Harrie N. , van Weissenbruch Mirjam M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare whole body composition, generated by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to evaluate the potential predictive value of the sum of skinfolds (∑SFT) for whole body composition, in preterm infants at term equivalent age. A convenience sample of sixty-five preterm infants with a mean (SD) gestational age of 29 (1.6) weeks was studied at term equivalent age. Fat mass measured by DXA and ADP were compared and the ability of the ∑SFT to predict whole body fat mass was investigated. There was poor agreement between fat mass percentage measured with ADP compared with DXA (limits of agreement: − 4.8% and 13.7%). A previously modeled predictive equation with the ∑SFT as a predictor for absolute fat mass could not be validated. Corrected for confounders, the ∑SFT explained 42% (ADP, p = 0.001) and 75% (DXA, p = 0.001) of the variance in fat mass percentage.Conclusions: The ∑SFT was not able to accurately predict fat mass and ADP and DXA did not show comparable results. It remains to be elucidated whether or not DXA provides more accurate assessment of whole body fat mass than ADP in preterm infants.Trial registration: NTR5311

What is Known:• Diverse methods are used to assess fat mass in preterm infants.

What is New:• This study showed that there is poor agreement between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography, and skinfold thickness measurements.• Our results affirm the need for consensus guidelines on how to measure fat mass in preterm infants, to improve the assimilation of data from different studies and the implementation of the findings from those studies.
Mechanistic models supporting uncertainty quantification of water quality predictions in heterogeneous mining waste rocks: a review
Authors: Muniruzzaman Muhammad , Pedretti Daniele 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolluted drainage from weathering of sulfide-rich waste rock deposits can cause long-term impairment to waterways and biodiversity near mining sites. Mechanistic models represent established tools to support the predictions of the quantity and quality of waste rock drainage, and their associated risks. Yet, model-based predictions in typical waste rock systems are ubiquitously uncertain because of the strongly heterogeneous nature of these waste deposits. Embedding heterogeneity within predictive modeling is complicated by the magnitude and level of knowledge of the waste rock heterogeneity, and the large number of scale-dependent parameters feeding the model equations. This review encompasses deterministic and stochastic modeling approaches that emphasize consolidated tools and emerging modeling solutions to deal with heterogeneity for the modeling of waste rocks. Physical (e.g., variability of texture, hydraulic and pneumatic properties), geochemical (e.g., variability of mineralogy and kinetic parameters), and thermal heterogeneities are evaluated. The review points out the importance of stochastic modeling as a fundamental approach to embed uncertainty in long-term model-based decisions. Regulators and decision makers must be convinced of the benefit of using stochastic modeling, which is still considered to belong mainly to the academic sphere.