bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The System of Professional Training of Border Guards at Higher Educational Establishments in the Republic of India
Authors: Bhinder Nataliya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe article concerns the description of the system of professional training of border guards at the higher educational establishments in the Republic of India and distinguishing its structural components. To achieve the purpose of the research we used two groups of methods: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative methods include analysis of statistical data, structural method, method of additional analysis of data, study of specific object, and juxtaposition. Qualitative methods concern analysis of normative documents, literature review, observation, method of scientific description of information, and comparative method. According to theoretical findings system approach enables to consider professional training as an integrated system with regard to its subsystems. Also, it is regarded as a specific strategy or set of techniques used to solve the particular problem – training of future expert. In our case, the pedagogical objective is to train highly-qualified border guard. The author described the system of professional training of border guards at the higher military educational establishments in the Republic of India in details. We have found that the system of professional training of border guards at the higher military educational establishments in the Republic of India consists of nine structural components. They are the following: legislative, management, institutional, methodological, targeted, organizational, content, technological, and result. Each component has its own peculiarities and coverage. The combination of all the structural components enables the system of professional training be effective and achieve the objectives. The uniqueness of the study of the system of professional training of border guards at the higher military educational establishments in the Republic of India concerns the fact that its structural components were not described before in one work. And the explanation of interrelation of structural components is very important for professional training itself and contributes to enhancing the efficiency of the educational process.
Continuing Training of Language Teachers in the UK
Authors: Roskvas Ihor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper emphasizes the fact that the current socio-cultural conditions in Ukraine put fundamentally new requirements on professional training of future language teachers. Furthermore, the reforms in Ukrainian higher education, including its focus on the implementation of the principles of the Bologna Declaration, expect that continuing teacher training of future language teachers should result in professionally mobile, proactive and independent future language teachers. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the continuing teacher training of future language teachers in the UK and suggest ways to improve continuing teacher training of language teachers in Ukraine. The paper indicates that the UK is at a turning point today. The country is on its way of leaving the EU, which will significantly change not only its relations with EU countries but also with other countries all over the world. Thereby, the UK needs the skills and capabilities, which will facilitate the understanding of other cultures and languages, to continue to be important for successful international relationships at all levels. The four nations of the UK have approached policy on language education in different ways, which reflect their different linguistic circumstances, and they will continue to do so. The paper states that the model of the UK language teacher includes not only professional qualities but also his or her professional and personal development in the context of professional training and retraining. The paper concludes that the use of the UK’s positive experience in providing continuing teacher training to language teachers and ensuring their professional development discovers some new opportunities for Ukraine. Further research should focus on the peculiarities of the programmes for the professional development of language teachers. It can help to enhance the quality of advanced training of language teachers in Ukraine.
Some Peculiarities of Forming Professional Culture in Future Officers in US Military Institutions
Authors: Shumovetska Svitlana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe necessity to research the problem of forming a professional culture of future border guard officers using the experience of military personnel training in the United States has been identified in the article. It has been found that professional culture and professionalism are an important part of the US military education system. The peculiarities of vocational training in the leading educational establishments of the United States of America, first of all the Military Academy (West Point, New York), have been studied. It has been determined that the priority of the academy, as a whole system of military vocational education in the USA, is attention to what is needed in the combat situation: analytical mind, leadership, theory and practice of management, knowledge of military history, operational doctrine, national defense policy, ability to plan and make decisions, perform legal duties, and abide the professional ethics. Experimental, case-based, interactive training with the extensive use of imitation devices and practical applications prevails in teaching methodology, which is needed to improve officers’ ability to analyze and solve problems, effectively interact and apply operational doctrine. To enhance the level of professional culture and military identity in military schools, great attention is paid to the development of officers’ intellectual potential, the ability to think and critically perceive the information needed to act in situations of ambiguity and uncertainty, to achieve intellectual superiority over the enemy. In accordance with the philosophy of military education in the United States, it is stipulated that a graduate of a military school should be first and foremost a highly intelligent person who, in many respects, must outperform a graduate of any civilian university, quickly acquire the chosen specialty. In addition to training for character education, military identity, the US military estalishments also intends to work hard to develop communicative skills and abilities through speaking and writing practice.
Biomedical Engineering Education in India
Authors: Hassan Usman , Zahra Talat , Bajpai Shrish 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the industrialized nation, almost every facet of our lives is permeated by technological innovation at an accelerated pace. This is especially true in the areas related to health and medicine, which has further led to the evolution of a health care system that is technologically related and capable of providing a wide range of effective therapeutic and diagnostic treatments. The application of the principles and problem-solving techniques of engineering, biology and medicine is Biomedical engineering. Biomedical engineering focuses on the advancements to improve human health at all possible levels. Biomedical engineering has emerged as a new area of research combining biology and medicine with technology, providing new designs and concepts of medical instrumentation for the diagnosis, cure and prevention of various diseases. Biomedical engineering in the last three decades has sustained growth in human resources along with the emergence of careers as graduates and postgraduates and apart from this research works, health care and technological development are some of its other aspects. The present paper will provide an insight into biomedical engineering and future scopes, specifically in India. Biomedical engineers use and apply knowledge of the modern biological principles in their designing process. A biomedical engineer can work in a wide variety of areas and disciplines. Apart from this, there are several opportunities in industries for innovations, designing and developing new techniques. In the last few years, biomedical engineering has emerged as a booming career as the area of work and research and the possibilities of innovations in this field are nearly endless. Thus, the future of biomedical engineering is tied to both the obstacles we face in the field of medical sciences and its advancements. Hence the use of the biomedical engineering method has become a necessity for human health, research and development.
Digital Education in the International Pedagogical Discourse
Authors: Soroka Valerii 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe article analyzes the essence of the concept of “digital education”, the way of its formation in the international pedagogical discourse. The modern international tendencies of development of digital education which are shown in the conditions of acceleration of processes of digital transformation of a society and their realization in educational establishments are characterized. An important consequence of the digital revolution is the explosives growth of accessible and potentially useful information in various forms – not only traditionally textual, but also visual, audio. All paper is gradually converted to electronic format. One of the most significant innovations is the active implementation of digital education. The results of the comparative analysis have highlighted a number of major components of the digital education system. It has done the analysis of modern trends, which are today the main ones in the implementation of digital education in different educational institutions. The essence and basic qualities of distance and online learning are revealed. The role and main spectrum of tasks that automated testing in the control of knowledge and skills of education recipients is analyzed. A number of important areas are highlighted, which greatly increase the effectiveness of teaching and at the same time require a revision of traditional approaches to learning using mobile devices. Here are some of the key features of Learning Management Systems (LMS). The technology of adapting computer game techniques to non-game processes and events is discussed to increase the involvement of participants in the educational process. A number of benefits of digital education, combined with adaptive learning and personalization, have been highlighted, which are able to help each educator to achieve an optimal level of intellectual development according to his or her natural abilities and inclinations. It is established that the process of following modern trends and tendencies in the field of digital education will change the traditional plane of problems of education, the process of obtaining education will be wider and more flexible.
Anthropogenic impact on concentration of selected trace elements pools in transformed organic soils in Trzcińskie Mokradła Peatland, SW Poland
Authors: Bogacz Adam , Andrzejczak Maria , Tomaszewska Klara , Podlaska Magda 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Drainage and peat extraction may have a negative impact on existing hydrological conditions and, consequently, on the conditions of wetland ecosystems. The aim of this study was to assess human impact on the studied Trzcińskie Mokradła Peatland by comparing the concentrations and trace element (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni) pools in the study area (extracted vs. non-extracted areas of peatland). The concentration of trace elements in organic soils and their pools were analysed in relation to their depth in the soil profiles, content of organic matter, soil pH values and the degree of decomposition of organic materials (peat, mursh). Fifteen soil profiles (90 samples) were examined. The total soil elements content was determined after digestion in a mixture of HCl+HNO3. The element pools were calculated and expressed in g m−2 of soil in 0–30 cm and 30–50 cm layers. Soils showed acidic or slightly acidic reactions. The high concentrations of Pb and Zn were mainly observed in the upper horizons. The deeper layers enriched with mineral fractions were also enriched in metals like Cr and Ni.
Humic substances of differently matured composts produced from municipal solid wastes and biomass of energetic plants
Authors: Kałuża-Haładyn Andrea , Jamroz Elżbieta , Bekier Jakub 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the transformation of humic substances during composting of biomass of energetic plants and municipal solid waste. The type of the organic material to be composted and the type of technology used affect the course of the humic substances transformation and formation of compost maturity parameters. Compost produced from the mixture of energetic willow and hay biomass contained humic substances with higher share of low-molecular fractions and lower share of humic acids in total organic carbon than those produced from municipal solid wastes. Obtained results also showed that insoluble alkali fraction plays an important role in humification process by its convertion to a new humic substances. Share of humic and fulvic fractions in relation to the total organic carbon appears to be reliable indicator of composting as a process of enhancing organic matter humification.
Prediction of soil properties with machine learning models based on the spectral response of soil samples in the near infrared range
Authors: Gruszczyński Stanisław 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
One of the basic methods for soil analysis time and cost reduction is using soil sample spectral response in laboratory conditions. The problem with this method lies in determining the relationship between the shape of the soil spectral response and soil physical or chemical properties. The LUCAS soil database collected by the EU’s ESDAC research centre is good material to analyse the relationship between the soil properties and the near infrared (NIR) spectral response. The modelling described in the paper is based on these data. The analysis of the impact of soil properties configuration on absorbance levels in various NIR spectrum ranges was conducted using the stepwise regression models with the properties, properties squared and products of properties being explanatory variables. The analysis of partial correlation of soil properties values with absorbance values and absorbance derivative in the entire spectral range was conducted in order to evaluate the impact of the absorbance transformation (the first derivative of absorbance vector) on the change of significance of relationship with properties values. The Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) models were used to estimate the absorbance relationship with single soil features. Soil property modelling based on the selection and transformation algorithm of raw values and first and second absorbance derivatives was also conducted along with the suitability evaluation of such models in building digital soil maps. The absorbance is affected by a limited number of tested soil features like pH, texture, content of carbonates, SOC, N, and CEC; P and K contents have, in case of this research, a negligible impact. The NIR methodology can be suitable in conditions of limited soil variation and particularly in development of thematic soil maps.
Development of the limit values of micronutrient deficiency in soil determined using Mehlich 3 extractant for Polish soil conditions. Part I. Wheat
Authors: Korzeniowska Jolanta , Stanisławska-Glubiak Ewa , Lipiński Wojciech 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To implement the Mehlich 3 method in Polish agro-chemical laboratories, limit values for deficiency of B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in soil for wheat were developed. The values were developed on the basis of 1921 fields with wheat, evenly distributed throughout Poland. Soil samples were collected from these fields in 2016, together with the plants growing on them, at the stage of stem elongation (BBCH 30/31). The concentration of micronutrients was determined in all soil and plant samples. In addition, pH, texture, and the content of organic carbon and available phosphorus were determined in soil samples. Moreover, grain yield after wheat harvest was estimated for all fields. Limit values were developed by two independent methods: 1) the regression equation method and 2) the so-called high yield method. In the first case, the limit microelement concentration in soil was calculated from the equation describing the relationship between the bioaccumulation factor (R/G) and a specific soil feature (n=1921). The bioaccumulation factor is the quotient of the concentration of a micronutrient in a plant (R) and its concentration in the soil (G) determined by the Mehlich 3 method. The equations were constructed using the Stagraphics program. For each micronutrient, 8 models were tested in search for the equation with the highest determination coefficient r2. Limit values were calculated after substituting the critical value of microelements in the plant (R) to the selected model and transforming the equation accordingly. The basis of the second method was to separate the “high yield group” ≥7.0 t ha−1 (n=578) from the entire data set. In this group, lower quintiles for the Mehlich 3-concentration of individual microelements in soil were calculated. The lower quintiles (QU1) were taken as limit values. It was assumed that QU1 is a good indicator of the lowest micronutrient concentration in the soil at which a yield of 7.0 t ha−1 or higher can be obtained. The comparison of the values calculated with the regression equations method and the high yield method showed their similarity, which confirmed the reliability of these values. The proposed values define the limit for low microelements concentration in soil determined with the Mehlich 3 method, below which wheat fertilization with these nutrients is recommended.
RPAS Satellite Communication Channel Based on Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Standard
Authors: Grekhov Andrii , Kondratiuk Vasil , Ilnitska Svitlana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMIMO-OFDM models of RPAS communication channels based on LTE Standard were built. Dependencies of the BER on the SNR for Extended Pedestrian A and Extended Vehicular A models using 2-by-2 multiple antennas were obtained. Dependencies of the BER on the SNR for different levels of Frequency Offset at satellite transponder were studied.
Entrepreneurship and Income Inequality: A Dynamic Spatial Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Ragoubi Hanen , El Harbi Sana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper extends the empirical debate of Ragoubi and El Harbi (2018) on the dynamic relationship between entrepreneurship and income inequality. Using a dynamic spatial panel data analysis for both 33 high-income countries and 39 middle-income and low-income countries over the period 2004–2014, the main empirical findings are summarised as follows. First, the results indicate that entrepreneurship is a spatial and persistent phenomenon. Second, there is strong support for the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between entrepreneurship and income inequality espoused by the Kuznets Curve hypothesis for middle-income and low-income countries. Third, the interaction between income inequality and income per capita has a significant negative effect on the entrepreneurial activity for middle-income and low-income countries. Fourth, a significant positive association is found between the interaction variable and entrepreneurship for high-income countries. Fifth, the findings show evidence of significant positive and negative short-run direct effects of income inequality on the entrepreneurial activity for middle-income and low-income countries. Finally, there are significant negative short-run spillover effects of income inequality on the entrepreneurial activity for middle-income and low-income countries.
A Content Analysis on the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the United States of America
Authors: Grigorescu Adriana , Ion Amalia-Elena 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present research was constructed with the idea of offering a detailed view on one of the most important legislative papers of the United States of America (USA), namely, the Small Business Act of 1953. The public policy sector in the USA is a rather complex area of research, and the qualitative study performed through the content analysis has been based on external factors within the Small Business Administration (SBA) for the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector in the USA, in terms of financial assistance, regulations and directives, as well as access to information, knowledge and know-how regarding the national and international markets. As a result, the article underlines important elements for both theory and practice. The content analysis performed on the SBA has suggested that, given the administration’s organisational chart and programmes of the American SBA, the latter pushes towards an impersonal connection between the administration and the SME sector through the existence of the business development centres created with the main purpose of assisting the SMEs in their activity.
حدود استخدام سلطان الإرادة في عقود بيع السيارات والمركبات الجديدة في القانون الجزائري
Authors: Bokhalid Ochali , Hiba Harwal N. 
Published: January 2020

كان من نتائج شيوع المذهب الفردي في نهاية القرن الثامن عشر وبداية القرن التاسع عشر ظهور مبدأ سلطان الإرادة الذي يقدس الإرادة ويتيح لها كامل الحرية في إنشاء العقد وتحديد مضمونه وأثاره غير أنه في نهاية القرن العشرين وبدايات هذا القرن دفع التطور الاقتصادي والتكنولوجي المتسارع إلى ظهور ما يسمى بالعقود الاقتصادية في معظم مناحي الحياة إلى أن أصبح النشاط الاقتصادي هو عصب الحياة اليومية للأفراد والتجمعات والدول،وهذا ما غير نظرة الاقتصاد لكثير من المفاهيم القانونية ومنها مبدأ سلطان الإرادة. ومن العقود الاقتصادية التي ظهرت على الساحة التشريعية الجزائرية حديثا ما يسمى بعقود التوزيع في الفقه الدولي وقد ظهرت صورة من صوره بمناسبة بيع وتسويق السيارات والمركبات الجديدة ابتداء من سنة 2007 تاريخ صدور المرسوم التنفيذي 07/390 الذي ألغي وأستبدل بالمرسوم15/58
ويلاحظ بأن المشرع في هذا النص قد تولى تنظيم عملية التعاقد من بدايتها إلى ما بعد إتمامها واستلام المركبة ووضعها للسير. ويظهر من خلال تنظيم المشرع لممارسة مهنة بيع المركبات الجديدة وتدخله بشكل دقيق في مرحلة إبرام العقد بتحديد محله وصفة أطرافه أن مبدأ سلطان الإرادة ينحصر فقط في لحظة اختيار إبرام العقد أما مرحلة الإبرام فتخلو من أي مظهر من مظاهر الإرادة الحرة.
ضمانات قرينة البراءة في التشريع الجنائي (( دراسة في الواقع التشريعي الجزائري في ضوء التعديلين الأخيرين للدستور الجزائري وقانون الإجراءات الجزائية))
Authors: Ghothi Qawsam H. , Hiba Harwal N. 
Published: January 2020

يشير الأصل في المتهم البراءة إلى حالة يمر بها المتهم، قبل أن يثبت قضائيا عدم سلامة الاتهام المنسوب إليه وقبل أن يتم التحقق من إدانته، ويعتبر هذا الأصل مبدأ أساسيا في النظام الديمقراطي، ومفترض من مفترضات المحاكمة المنصفة، وقد وصفه مجلس اللوردات البريطاني بأنه خيط ذهبي في نسيج ثوب القانون الجنائي.
ولقد تم تجسيد هذا المبدأ في جميع دساتير العالم وقوانينها الداخلية ومنها الدستور الجزائري والذي كرس المبدأ صراحة في جميع الدساتير ومنها المادة 56 من التعديل الأخير لسنة 2016 للدستور الجزائري، وكذا قانون الاجراءات الجزائية من خلال التعديلين الأخيرين له بالقانونين رقم 15-02 و 07-17.