bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of pharmacotherapy in HIV-related affective spectrum disorders: an open trial with fluvoxamine
Authors: Perretta P , Nisita C , Zaccagnini E , Lorenzetti C , Nuccorini A , Cassano GB , McNair DM , Akiskal HS 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAmong HIV patients treated for AIDS-related adjustment, major depressive disorders and other affective disorders, we assessed in an open study the feasibility of using a serotonergic antidepressant (fluvoxamine). Thirty-five seropositive patients with the above conditions (22 men and 13 women) were followed over a minimum period of four weeks. At the end of the treatment, a large number of patients (77%) showed marked improvement. “Nuclear” depressive and anxiety symptoms remitted, while the “somatic” ones seemed less sensitive to treatment. Treatment had to be terminated prematurely due to side effects in only two patients (6%).
Cephalocentesis with the modified Smellie's perforator
Authors: Chanrachakul B , Chittachareon A , Herabutya Y 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA 37‐year‐old pregnant woman, gravida 2, para 0, was referred to Ramathibodi Hospital at 31 weeks of gestation with the diagnosis of hydrocephalus and polyhydramnios. Repeated ultrasound scans revealed hydrocephalus with macrocephaly (BPD=10.3 cm), polyhydramnios (AFI=31.5), and a suspected esophageal atresia. After counseling, both parents decided not to pursue the pregnancy and requested vaginal delivery. They decided against transabdominal, ultrasonic‐guided cephalocentesis because of its invasiveness, patient's awareness, and pain. Skull decompression with the modified Smellie's perforator was performed after five 400‐μg doses of misoprostol were applied to dilate the cervix. The post‐partum condition was uneventful. Fetal skull decompression with the modified Smellie's perforator and misoprostol for cervix dilation is a useful, simple, and safe procedure that can be performed with no previous experience.
Effects of labor time on secretion time and quantity of breast milk
Authors: Doganay M , Avsar F 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of labor time on the secretion time and quantity of breast milk in patients who underwent cesarean sections, and to compare findings of patients with and without labor. Methods: A total of 180 patients, divided into three groups of 60 subjects, who had been hospitalized in Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Training and Research Hospital between December 1999 and September 2000, were included in this study. Group 1 included patients who developed indications for cesarean during labor, group 2 included patients with previous cesareans who were admitted into the Hospital in active labor status, and group 3 comprised patients with previous cesareans who were dated for section (elective). Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test in Statistical Program for Scientific Studies (spss) for Windows 9.0. Results: In group 1, the lactation start time was 71.2 min (10–180 min) and the amount of milk was 26.2 ml (20–35 ml) while the same parameters were, respectively, 64.2 min (10–180 min) and 31.2 ml (20–40 ml) in group 2 and 136.2 min (45–240) and 26.3 ml (20–35 ml) in the group 3. The results were found to be statistically significant in group 2, whereas they were not significant in groups 1 and 3. Conclusions: The first secretion time of lactation was found to be earlier and the amount of breast milk collected within 24 h was higher in patients who were admitted in active labor (group 2), both parameters being statistically significant.
Ultrasound in gynecology: endometrium
Authors: Bourne T. , Hamberger L. , Hahlin M. , Granberg S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWith the development and clinical application of transvaginal transducers/probes (TVS) the sonographic imaging of the endometrium was greatly enhanced compared with abdominal ultrasound. Also, the discomfort of a full bladder associated with abdominal ultrasound could be avoided. A shorter distance between probe and target allowed the use of higher frequency transducers, thereby achieving improved imaging. This review will only discuss the use of TVS, but it does not mean that abdominal ultrasound should not or cannot be used when dealing with the postmenopausal uterus. Transvaginal sonography (TVS) provides a valuable tool for the diagnosis of a wide range of gynecological disorders including those of the uterus and endometrium. The ability of TVS to depict the thickness and morphology of the endometrium has been established in both office and hospital settings. This article will discuss and illustrate the clinical and research applications of transvaginal sonography in relation to the endometrium in both symptomatic and asymptomatic postmenopausal women. The article is of particular relevance today given the number of women who are undergoing transvaginal ultrasonography in the absence of symptoms as a part of their routine check ups. There is a paucity of data relating to the management of apparent ultrasound abnormalities in such women. In symptomatic women or for women at risk of developing endometrial pathology, a technique that could reduce the number of biopsy procedures would be of value. Hysteroscopy, dilatation and curettage (D & C) as well as other endometrial sampling methods are all invasive, thus it would be of benefit if a way could be found to assess the endometrium using a relatively non‐invasive approach. Such a technique would need to be relatively easy to learn and perform, as well as being well accepted by the patients. We believe that transvaginal sonography fulfills many of these requirements, the following review will attempt to put forward some of the evidence to support this view.
Changes in leukocyte, granulocyte and lymphocyte counts following antenatal betamethasone administration to pregnant women
Authors: Kadanali S. , Ingeç M. , Küçüközkan T. , Börekçi B. , Kumtepe Y. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: Preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes are associated with a mild leukocytosis. However, we have observed a higher maternal leukocyte count after antenatal betamethasone therapy. We planned this study to evaluate the effects of antenatal betamethasone treatment on maternal leukocyte, granulocyte and lymphocyte count. Methods: Forty‐six pregnant women with the diagnosis of preterm labor between 28 and 33 weeks of gestation age received 12 mg betamethasone at a 12‐h interval. The control group consisted of 50 pregnant women between 28 and 33 weeks of gestational age with no medical or obstetrics problems. After a baseline venous sampling, serial leukocyte, granulocyte and lymphocyte counts were obtained every 6 h until it returned to baseline value. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the control group with respect to the total leukocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil count. Total leukocyte and granulocyte counts were increased by 29.8% and 17.8% within 24 and 12 h after betamethasone injection, respectively (P < 0.01). A significant reduction in lymphocyte count was observed within 12 h (45.4%) after betamethasone injection (P < 0.01). All changes in leukocyte, granulocyte and lymphocyte counts returned to baseline values within 3 days. Conclusion: Antenatal betamethasone therapy leads to an increase in maternal leukocyte count and a decrease in lymphocyte count. This effect is transient and any leukocytosis persisting for more than 3 days is not due to betamethasone administration.
Puerperal tetanus and hysterectomy
Authors: Khajehdehi P. , Rezaian G.R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To compare the clinical course and outcome of patients with post‐partum tetanus (n = 21) to those of non‐post‐partum ones (n = 24) and to determine the effect of early hysterectomy on the survival of cases with severe post‐partum tetanus (n = 20). Methods: In this prospective study we compared the clinical course and outcome of post‐partum and non‐post‐partum cases of tetanus admitted to the intensive care unit. Moreover, early hysterectomy was done on every other patient with severe post‐partum tetanus (n = 10). Chi‐square and Student's t‐tests were used for statistical purposes. Results: Post‐partum cases were younger (P = 0.002), had a higher incidence of acute respiratory failure and a mortality rate compared to the non‐post‐partum group. In addition, early hysterectomy did not change the course of severe post‐partum cases. Conclusion: The mortality associated with post‐partum tetanus is comparable to non‐post‐partum cases and early hysterectomy has no effect on its outcome.
The outcome of radiation therapy in elderly patients with advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Minagawa Y. , Kigawa J. , Itamochi H. , Terakawa N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To clarify whether radiation therapy is a suitable treatment for elderly patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Method: We investigated the outcome of 102 patients with stage IIIb squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, who underwent radiation therapy alone, by using a multiple regression analysis. Results: All factors investigated were not significant prognostic variables in this study. Five‐year survival rates between the two groups, which we have divided for every 5 years of age, showed no differences. Conclusion: Age was not a dependent prognostic factor in the patients with stage IIIb squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, if the subject underwent complete treatment. This study suggests that radiation therapy is still considered as a reasonable treatment for elderly patients with cervical cancer.
Gestational diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance in a Mexican population
Authors: Forsbach G , Cantú‐Diaz C , Vázquez‐Lara J , Villanueva‐Cuellar M.A , Alvarez y Garcı́a C , Rodrı́guez‐Ramı́rez E 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), glucose intolerance (GI) and macrosomia in a Latin Mexican population, using the one‐step procedure proposed by the World Health Organization. Method: Consecutive pregnant women (n=667) who attended the antenatal clinic and delivered at the hospital were recruited after 24 weeks of gestation, mean 34.2 weeks, range 24–40 weeks. After a minimum of 3 days with a 150‐g carbohydrate diet, a glucose load of 75 g was administered and 2 h after, a blood sample for glucose was taken, plasma was separated and immediately processed for glucose, using a glucose‐oxidase method. Results: Twenty women were diagnosed with GDM (3%), 87 had GI (13%) and 560 had a normal glucose response (84%). Macrosomia occurred in two (10%) of GDM, in nine (10.3%) of GI, and in 29 (5.4%) gravidas with a normal response, respectively. Only one of the macrosomic infants whose mother had GI, had neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of glucose abnormalities during pregnancy was 16%. GI in this group was associated to macrosomia at the same rate as GDM.
Understanding sexual and reproductive violence: an overview
Authors: Barzelatto J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractInternational agreements recognizing different forms of violence as violations of human rights and the definition provided by the 1993 UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women are taken as a starting point and its implications analyzed, emphasizing gender roles and stereotypes. Violence against women is related to violence in general, to the so‐called culture of violence. Factors influencing a culture of violence are discussed, as well as the differences between public and private violence, emphasizing the need to understand their interaction to be effective in preventing violence against women. It is concluded that all violence stems from unbalanced exercise of power, creating injustice and lack of real democratic interaction. When left unchallenged such situations become part of the culture of individuals and societies, reinforcing the use of violence to solve conflicts. Hence, preventing violence against women requires cultural, social, economic, and political changes that are only possible by mobilizing society as a whole.
Evaluating technologies in reproductive health: case studies of a consumer protection approach
Authors: Silver L.D. , Castilho S.R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: A consumer‐protection assessment and action program aimed at improving reproductive health technologies is reviewed.Methods: Evaluations employed both literature review, synthesis, market analysis and laboratory testing for conformity to standards of a wide range of products which affect reproductive health on the Brazilian market 1995–1997. Anti‐infective gynecological products, ampicillins, condoms, pregnancy tests, hormonal contraceptives, infant formulas, selected teratogens, bromocriptine and prostaglandins were studied. Actions include dissemination in periodicals and the mass media, consumer education, pressure for regulation, negotiations with manufacturers and legal action.Results: The program was effective in improving the supply and regulation of some, but not all products studied. Impact on health and utilization are unknown.Conclusion: A significant proportion of products studied are unsafe, ineffective or of sub‐standard quality. A combination of careful scientific work, strong links between scientists and social movements, dissemination and legal action, can effectively improve the quality of products which affect reproductive health.
Exogenous insulin‐like growth factor‐I stimulates an autoinductive IGF‐I autocrine/paracrine response in chondrocytes
Authors: Nixon Alan J. , Saxer Rachel A. , Brower‐Toland Brent D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe modulation of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) gene expression by chondrocytes following exogenous IGF‐I supplementation of culture was assessed to examine the hypothesis that constitutive IGF‐I mRNA activity is suppressed by exogenous administration of IGF‐I to cartilage in situ. Chondrocytes in monolayer culture were treated with 0, 10 or 100 ng/ml IGF‐I for 48 h and resultant IGF‐I and matrix gene expression patterns were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and northern blotting, respectively. Effective translation of proteoglycan (PG) as a response to IGF‐I was determined by dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) dye‐binding assay. To determine the temporal nature of the IGF‐I autocrine/paracrine response to exogenous IGF‐I, chondrocyte cultures were treated with 100 ng/ml IGF‐I and the IGF‐I mRNA response was assessed at 0, 4, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Significant increases in chondrocyte density and in PG synthesis occurred during treatment of chondrocyte cultures with 10 and 100 ng/ml IGF‐I. Persistent exposure of chondrocytes to 100 ng/ml IGF‐I resulted in maximal IGF‐I mRNA response at 24 h, with declining message accumulation at 48 and 72 h. These data suggest that IGF‐I induces an autoinductive IGF‐I autocrine/paracrine transcriptional response. The clinical ramifications of these findings include support for the use of exogenous IGF‐I for cartilage repair where it could conceivably amplify and extend the effect of exogenous IGF‐I beyond the transitory persistence of supplemental IGF‐I ligand in repair constructs. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Meniscal repair using engineered tissue
Authors: Peretti Giuseppe M. , Caruso Enzo M. , Randolph Mark A. , Zaleske David J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this study, devitalized meniscal tissue pre‐seeded with viable cultured chondrocytes was used to repair a bucket‐handle incision in meniscal tissue transplanted to nude mice. Lamb knee menisci were devitalized by cyclic freezing and thawing. Chips measuring four by two by one‐half millimeters were cut from this devitalized tissue to serve as scaffolds. These chips were then cultured either with or without viable allogeneic lamb chondrocytes. From the inner third of the devitalized meniscal tissue, rectangles were also cut approximately 8 × 6 mm. A 4 mm bucket‐handle type incision was made in these blocks. The previously prepared chips either with (experimental group) or without viable chondrocytes (control group) were positioned into the incisions and secured with suture. Further control groups included blocks of devitalized menisci with incisions into which no chips were positioned and either closed with suture or left open with no suture. Specimens were transplanted to subcutaneous pouches of nude mice for 14 weeks. After 14 weeks, seven of eight experimental specimens (chips with viable chondrocytes) demonstrated bridging of the incision assessed by gross inspection and manual distraction. All the control groups were markedly different from the experimental group in that the incision remained grossly visible. Histological analysis was consistent with the differences apparent at the gross level. Only the experimental specimens (chips with viable chondrocytes) with gross bridging demonstrated obliteration of the interface between incision and scaffold. None of the control specimens revealed any cells or tissue filling the incision. Tissue engineering using scaffolds and viable cells may have an application in meniscal repair in vivo. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The zebrafish as a model visual system
Authors: Bilotta Joseph , Saszik Shannon 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe zebrafish has bacome an important vertebrate model in developmental neuroscience because it is a useful model for embryology, developmental biology, and genetic analysis. The similarities of its visual system to that of other vertebrates also make this animal a valuable model in vision science. The anatomical, physiological, and behavioral components of zebrafish visual processing have been studied in adult and in developing zebrafish. Its retinal anatomy continues to develop following hatching, providing an opportunity to correlate the development of retinal structure with visual physiology and behavior. In addition, a number of genetic mutations have been developed which are used to examine the contributions of genetics to visual development and function. This article will provide an overview of studies of zebrafish anatomical, physiological and behavioral processing, and the effects if genetic and environmental manipulations on visual development.
Depression and anxiety as a single disorder: evidence from brain stem auditory evoked potentials
Authors: Kimhi R , Barak Y , Levy D , Elizur A 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAnxiety and depression are often interlinked as demonstrated by clinical, epidemiological, psychopharmacological and even genetic studies. However, robust biochemical and electrophysiological evidence for linkage or separation of mood and anxiety disorders is scarce. Brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BASEP) can easily and non-invasivly be measured in psychiatric patients and reflect neurophysiological processes in the brain stem. The aim of the present study was to evaluate BASEP in drug-free patients suffering from panic disorder or major depression and to compare these to healthy controls. Patients (n = 26; panic = 16, depression = 10) were diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-III-R criteria assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety and Hamilton Depression Scales, and all underwent 3 weeks of medications washout. All subjects (n = 36) completed the study. N3 latency was decreased in the patient group (P < 0.05), N3-5 interval was lengthened (P < 0.05), the N3 latency correlated with anxiety scores and depression scores correlated with the N3 and N5 latency periods. In conclusion, our small sample demonstrated shared electrophysiological variables in panic disorder and depression, further supporting the concept of spectrum disorder.
A Model Of Exemplary Midwifery Practice: Results Of A Delphi Study
Authors: Kennedy Holly Powell 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTWhat is unique and exemplary about the midwifery model of care? Does exemplary midwifery care result in improved outcomes for the recipient(s) of that care? These are the questions that the profession of midwifery grapples with today within the context of a changing health care arena. Exemplary midwives, and women who had received their care, came to consensus about these issues in a Delphi study.A model of exemplary midwifery care is presented based on the identification of essential elements aligned within three dimensions: therapeutics, caring, and the profession of midwifery. Supporting the normalcy of pregnancy and birth, vigilance and attention to detail, and respecting the uniqueness of the woman, were several of many processes of care identified. The critical difference that emerged was the art of doing “nothing” well. By ensuring that normalcy continued through vigilant and attentive care, the midwives were content to foster the normal processes of labor and birth, intervening and using technology only when the individual situation required. Health care, whether in the gynecologic setting or during pregnancy, was geared to help the woman achieve a level of control of the process and outcome. The ultimate outcomes were optimal health in the given situation, and the experience of health care that is both respectful and empowering. The model provides structure for future research on the unique aspects of midwifery care to support its correlation with excellent outcomes and value in health care economics.
Jews
Authors: Gruen Erich S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Jews had a long history of dwelling under the hegemony of greater powers. After the end of the Davidic Dynasty, they fell beneath the shadow of a succession of overlords, whether near or far: Babylonians, Persians, Ptolemies, Seleucids, and Romans. A form of autonomy existed briefly for the Jews in the time of the Hasmoneans and Herod, but even that was cramped by the need to peer regularly over their shoulders at, and seek the collaboration of, either Seleucids or Romans. Under the circumstances, how would Jews formulate and express a sense of their own identity in the larger world of the Mediterranean and Near East – where they regularly played a subordinate role?
Fast Permeation of Small Ions in Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Buchsbaum Steven F. , Jue Melinda L. , Sawvel April M. , Chen Chiatai , Meshot Eric R. , Park Sei Jin , Wood Marissa , Wu Kuang Jen , Bilodeau Camille L. , Aydin Fikret , Pham Tuan Anh , Lau Edmond Y. , Fornasiero Francesco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSimulations and experiments have revealed enormous transport rates through carbon nanotube (CNT) channels when a pressure gradient drives fluid flow, but comparatively little attention has been given to concentration‐driven transport despite its importance in many fields. Here, membranes are fabricated with a known number of single‐walled CNTs as fluid transport pathways to precisely quantify the diffusive flow through CNTs. Contrary to early experimental studies that assumed bulk or hindered diffusion, measurements in this work indicate that the permeability of small ions through single‐walled CNT channels is more than an order of magnitude higher than through the bulk. This flow enhancement scales with the ion free energy of transfer from bulk solutions to a nanoconfined, lower‐dielectric environment. Reported results suggest that CNT membranes can unlock dialysis processes with unprecedented efficiency.