bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men Have an Altered T-Cell Phenotype and Bioenergy Metabolism
Authors: Kruize Zita , Maurer Irma , van Dort Karel A , van den Elshout Mark A M , Hoornenborg Elske , Booiman Thijs , Prins Maria , Kootstra Neeltje A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe recently reported that the levels of activation, exhaustion, and terminal differentiation within the peripheral T-cell compartment were increased in men who have sex with men (MSM) compared with blood bank donors. During activation and differentiation, T cells undergo metabolic changes to maintain their energy demand.MethodsThe effect of cytomeglovirus (CMV) infection and risk behavior on the immune phenotype of peripheral T cells and the immune bioenergy metabolism profile in human immunodeficiency virus-negative MSM (with high or low sexual risk behavior) and blood bank donors was evaluated.ResultsMen who have sex with men exhibited increased levels of T-cell activation and terminal differentiation and an impairment of the bioenergy metabolism (mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis) compared with blood bank donors. Cytomeglovirus infection was associated with increased terminal differentiation of CD4+ (B = 3.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.98–4.85; P &lt; .0001) and CD8+ T cells (CD57+: B = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.41–2.02, P = .004; CD27−CD28−: B = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.21–3.18, P &lt; .0001; and CD57+ of CD28−: B = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.38–1.66, P = .002) and increased glycolysis (B = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.27–1.67; P = .007). Risk behavior was associated with increase activation of CD4+ T cells (B = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.07–0.37; P = .005), increased terminal differentiation of CD4+ (B = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.44–1.20; P &lt; .0001) and CD8+ T cells (B = 1.55; 95% CI, 0.58–2.51; P = .002), and decreased glycolysis (glycolysis: B = −0.40, 95% CI = −0.68 to 0.12, P = .006; and glycolytic capacity: B = −0.54, 95% CI = −0.91 to 0.16, P = .005).ConclusionsMen who have sex with men show an increased prevalence of bloodborne and sexually transmitted infection, indicating that immunological changes in the T-cell population and the bioenergy metabolism observed in MSM can most likely be attributed to chronic antigen exposure.
A study of the physical properties of an active asteroid (6478 Gault)
Authors: Lin Zhong-Yi , Cheng Yu-Li , Vincent Jean-Baptiste , Zhang Xi-Liang , Ip Wing Huen , Chi Hsin-Chang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In 2019 January, the appearance of asteroid 6478 Gault immediately attracted attention because this object exhibited a long and thin tail that was quite different from the usual asteroids. This unexpected morphology placed asteroid 6478 Gault into the catalogue of active asteroids. We acquired photometric and spectroscopic observations on 37 nights from 2019 January to April using several telescopes, including LOT (1 m telescope) and SLT (40 cm telescope) at Lulin Observatory, and the 2.4 m telescope at Lijiang station of Yunnan Observatory. We did not find any reliable value for the rotational period of Gault during 2.5 hr and 5 hr observations on 2019 January 26 at Lijiang station and March 25 at Lulin Observatory, respectively. We classified 6478 Gault as a Q-type asteroid using visible spectrum and photometric measurements, including colors (B − Vavg = 0.764 ± 0.045, V − Ravg = 0.450 ± 0.023), and relative reflectance. By using Finson–Probstein analysis, the grain size for Gault’s tail 2 is larger than 20 μm.
COVID-19 Capitalism: The Profit Motive versus Public Health
Authors: Cohen Jennifer 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Market incentives in capitalist economies and public health requirements are contradictory. In the COVID-19 pandemic, market-rewarded self-interested behavior has been exposed as a source of mortality and morbidity. Profit-motivated behaviors can keep people from accessing necessities for health thereby harming individuals and possibly damaging population health. The profit motive can also undermine healthcare system capacity by maldistributing goods that are inputs to healthcare. Furthermore, because profit-seeking is economically rational in capitalism, capitalist imperatives may be incompatible with public health. The ways markets misallocate resources provide a rationale for state responsibility for health, which is a public good.
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Visceral Pain: Present Approaches and Future Strategies
Authors: Woodroffe Royce W , Pearson Amy C , Pearlman Amy M , Howard Matthew A , Nauta Haring J W , Nagel S J , Hori Y S , Machado Andre G , Almeida Frizon Leonardo , Helland Logan , Holland Marshall T , Gillies George T , Wilson Saul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe introduction of successful neuromodulation strategies for managing chronic visceral pain lag behind what is now treatment of choice in refractory chronic back and extremity pain for many providers in the United States and Europe. Changes in public policy and monetary support to identify nonopioid treatments for chronic pain have sparked interest in alternative options. In this review, we discuss the scope of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for visceral pain, its limitations, and the potential role for new intradural devices of the type that we are developing in our laboratories, which may be able to overcome existing challenges.MethodsA review of the available literature relevant to this topic was performed, with particular focus on the pertinent neuroanatomy and uses of spinal cord stimulation systems in the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and chronic pelvic pain.ResultsTo date, there have been multiple off-label reports testing SCS for refractory gastrointestinal and genitourinary conditions. Though some findings have been favorable for these organs and systems, there is insufficient evidence to make this practice routine. The unique configuration and layout of the pelvic pain pathways may not be ideally treated using traditional SCS implantation techniques, and intradural stimulation may be a viable alternative.ConclusionsDespite the prevalence of visceral pain, the application of neuromodulation therapies, a standard approach for other painful conditions, has received far too little attention, despite promising outcomes from uncontrolled trials. Detailed descriptions of visceral pain pathways may offer several clues that could be used to implement devices tailored to this unique anatomy.
Pain May Promote Tumor Progression via Substance P–Dependent Modulation of Toll-like Receptor-4
Authors: Yang Chao , Sun Yunheng , Ouyang Xueyan , Li Jing , Zhu Zhen , Yu Ruihua , Wang Li , Jia Lin , Ding Gang , Wang Yaosheng , Jiang Feng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
In a previous study, persistent pain was suggested to be a risk factor for tumor patients. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is still unclear. Substance P (SP), a pain-related neuropeptide secreted by the neural system and the immune system, plays an important role in the induction and maintenance of persistent pain.

Methods
In this study, in order to explore whether SP participates in the influence of pain on tumor progression, the serum samples of lung cancer and breast cancer patients were collected and tested. An elevated expression of SP was found in patients with pain.

Results
Cell pharmacological experiments revealed that SP can upregulate the expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) in tumor cells and increase the proliferation, migration, and invasive activity of tumor cells. As high expression of TLR-4 has the ability to enhance the biological activity of tumor cells, TLR-4 is thought to be involved in SP-induced tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion. Treatment of tumor cells with Aprepitant, a specific blocker of the NK-1 receptor, could reduce the expression of TLR-4 and reduce the proliferation, invasion, and migration activities of tumor cells; further proof of the influence of SP on TLR-4 expression depends on the NK-1 receptor located in tumor cells.

Conclusions
Based on the results above, we proposed a possible mechanism underlying pain affecting tumor progression: The presence of pain increases the content of SP in patients’ blood, and elevated SP increases the expression of tumor TLR-4 by acting on the NK-1 receptor, which ultimately affects the biological activity of the tumor.
Intravenous immunoglobulins as first-line treatment in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a pilot study
Authors: Lim Johan , Eftimov Filip , Verhamme Camiel , Brusse Esther , Hoogendijk Jessica E , Saris Christiaan G J , Raaphorst Joost , De Haan Rob J , van Schaik Ivo N , Aronica Eleonora , de Visser Marianne , van der Kooi Anneke J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We explored efficacy and safety of IVIg as first-line treatment in patients with an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy.

Methods
In this investigator-initiated phase 2 open-label study, we included 20 adults with a newly diagnosed, biopsy-proven idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, and a disease duration of less than 9 months. Patients with IBM and prior use of immunosuppressants were excluded. The standard treatment regimen consisted of IVIg (Privigen) monotherapy for 9 weeks: a loading dose (2 g/kg body weight) and two subsequent maintenance doses (1 g/kg body weight) with a 3-week interval. The primary outcome was the number of patients with at least moderate improvement on the 2016 ACR/EULAR Total Improvement Score. Secondary outcomes included time to improvement, the number of patients requiring rescue medication and serious adverse events.

Results
We included patients with DM (n = 9), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (n = 6), non-specific myositis/overlap myositis (n = 4) and anti-synthetase syndrome (n = 1). One patient was excluded from analyses because of minimal weakness resulting in a ceiling effect. Eight patients (8/19 = 42.0%; Clopper–Pearson 95% CI: 19.6, 64.6) had at least moderate improvement by 9 weeks. Of these, six reached improvement by 3 weeks. Seven patients required rescue medication due to insufficient efficacy and prematurely ended the study. Three serious adverse events occurred, of which one was pulmonary embolism.

Conclusion
First-line IVIg monotherapy led to at least moderate improvement in nearly half of patients with a fast clinical response in the majority of responders.

Trial registration
Netherlands Trial Register identifier, NTR6160.
Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in a Child Mimicking Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Gupta Aman , Gill Arpinder , Sharma Manu , Garg Megha 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There have been recent reports of children presenting with severe multi-system hyperinflammatory syndrome resembling Kawasaki disease (KD) during current COVID-19 pandemic. Exact pathophysiology is unknown, however, most of the children have multi-organ dysfunction and respiratory system involvement is less common compared to adults. These patients have certain characteristic laboratory parameters different from those seen in children with KD. However, only limited literature is available at present for identification and management of such patients. We report a young girl who presented with fever, rash and other manifestations mimicking classic KD and fulfilling the case definitions for pediatric multi-system inflammatory syndrome. She had lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and hyponatremia in the absence of macrophage activation syndrome, similar to that seen in patients reported from UK and Italy. Clinical manifestations resolved and laboratory parameters improved with intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids. Early recognition is important to administer immunomodulatory therapy which may be life saving for these patients.
Influence of dietary habits and Mediterranean diet adherence on menopausal symptoms. The FLAMENCO project
Authors: Flor-Alemany Marta , Marín-Jiménez Nuria , Coll-Risco Irene , Aranda Pilar , Aparicio Virginia Arianna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective:
To explore the association of dietary habits and Mediterranean diet adherence with menopausal symptoms.

Methods:
The present study included 172 women recruited from the FLAMENCO project. Menopausal symptoms were assessed with the Kupperman Menopausal Index and the Cervantes Menopause and Health Subscale from the validated Cervantes Scale. A food frequency questionnaire was employed to evaluate dietary habits. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean diet score.

Results:
Intake of poultry and skimmed dairy products was associated with a worse Kupperman Menopausal Index score (βb: 0.17, P
= 0.03 and βb: 0.18, P = 0.01, respectively). On the contrary, soy milk consumption was associated with a better Kupperman Menopausal Index score (βb: -0.17, P = 0.02). Poultry and skimmed dairy were associated with worse scores in the total Cervantes Menopause and Health Subscale score (βb: 0.22, P = <0.01 and βb: 0.19, P = 0.01, respectively), whereas soy milk and vegetables were associated with a better total Cervantes Menopause and Health Subscale score (βb: -0.20, P = 0.01 and βb: -0.17, P = 0.03, respectively). Regarding vasomotor symptoms, a greater consumption of poultry was associated with worse symptomatology (βb: 0.18, P = 0.02), and soy milk consumption was associated with fewer vasomotor symptoms (βb: -0.15, P = 0.04). In addition, women with numerous or severe vasomotor symptoms showed a greater consumption of skimmed dairy products (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
This study seems to indicate that some women with mild menopausal symptoms may derive benefit from lower consumption of poultry and skimmed dairy products and a greater consumption of vegetables and soy milk.
NCSTN Gene Silencing Inhibits the Retinoic Acid Signaling Pathway in Human Immortalized Keratinocytes
Authors: Wu Ying-Da , Mao Qiu-Xia , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Cheng Ping , Li Wen-Rui , He Yan-Yan , Xu Hao-Xiang , Wang Bao-Xi , Li Cheng-Rang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective:
Acne inversa is a multifactorial chronic debilitating disease. Genetic factors are involved in 40% of patients, especially the nicastrin (NCSTN) gene. However, the role of the mutated NCSTN gene in the pathogenesis of acne inversa remains unclear. Retinoic acid is recommends to treat moderate to severe acne inversa, therefor we conduct this in vitro research to study the association between NCSTN gene mutation and the retinoic acid signaling pathway in human immortalized skin keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells.

Methods:
HaCaT cells were infected with a lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression plasmid specifically targeting the NCSTN gene. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the interference efficiency of NCSTN. RNA sequencing was used to detect differential genes in the NSCTN-deficient HaCaT cells. Based on bioinformatics analysis and clinical treatment data, the retinoic acid signal pathway was selected for screening. Quantitative PCR was used to verify the changes in the expressions of retinoic acid signaling pathway-related receptors and molecules in the HaCaT cell line after NCSTN silencing. The Student t test and one-way analysis of variance were used to evaluate intergroup differences.

Results:
Sequencing showed that the NCSTN-shRNA lentiviral recombinant expression plasmid was successfully constructed. After lentivirus infection of HaCaT cells, real-time PCR results showed significantly reduced NCSTN mRNA expression in the interference group compared with the negative control group, and the interference efficiency was 75.0%. Western blotting showed that the inhibition rate of NCSTN protein expression in the shRNA group was 71.7%. RNA sequencing revealed significant differential expression of some genes, and changes in signaling pathways. Compared with the control group, the group with the silenced NCSTN showed significantly decreased expression of retinoic acid receptors (RARα: F=23.482, RARβ: F=603.241, RXRα: F=69.689, and RARRES1: F=167.482, and all P < 0.001), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (F=8.138, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Defective function of the NCSTN gene leads to an impaired retinoic acid signaling pathway in HaCaT cells, which suggests that the retinoic acid signaling pathway may play a role on the onset of acne inversa caused by NCSTN gene mutation.
Nurse-Led Forensic Services for Foreign-Born Torture or Abuse Survivors Seeking Legal Immigration Relief: Results of a Feasibility and Acceptability Study
Authors: Breads Jennifer , Anderson Jocelyn 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
In 2017, a team of forensic nurses in Maryland launched the first known nurse-led and managed service delivery program designed to meet the unique medicoforensic needs of immigrant survivors, including asylum seekers, in their community. The expanded suite of services involved conducting forensic physical evaluations, which included medicolegal history-taking, head-to-toe forensic physical assessment, photodocumentation, and presentation of related findings in the form of written affidavits for use in applications for legal reliefs in immigration court (e.g., asylum, T or U visas, Convention Against Torture).

Methods
Case-based data for patients served as part of the program (n = 8), and semistructured interview data were collected from key service delivery stakeholders (n = 5) to assess the feasibility and acceptability of this pilot program.

Results
Eight asylum-seeking patients received medicoforensic nursing services between May 2017 and December 2018. Key benefits of services to clients included accessibility to timely, trauma-informed care by a professional nurse at no cost and with flexible scheduling. Furthermore, the skill sets required to conduct forensic physical evaluations were found to align with sexual assault and forensic nursing scope of practice.

Conclusion
Forensic nurses are well positioned to fill current service delivery gaps to meet the medicolegal needs of this vulnerable population in civil court proceedings. Recommendations of this study may be used by other forensic nurse teams to inform the design and implementation of initiatives to expand the core services of a forensic nursing program to include asylum and immigration-specific medicolegal care.
Cochlear Implantation With a Dexamethasone Eluting Electrode Array: Functional and Anatomical Changes in Non-Human Primates
Authors: Manrique-Huarte Raquel , Zulueta-Santos Cristina , Calavia Diego , Linera-Alperi Marta Álvarez de , Gallego Maria Antonia , Jolly Claude , Manrique Manuel 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine whether the dexamethasone-eluting electrode (DEXEL) has a protective anti-inflammatory effect in a normal hearing implanted cochlea, as well as its performance and safety.

Design:
Ten healthy and normal hearing cynomolgus macaques (Mf) were divided into two cohorts: DEXEL group (DG) (CONCERTO CI device containing a DEXEL) and conventional CI group (CG) (unmodified CONCERTO CI device). The electrode was inserted into the scala tympani via the round window with an angle of insertion of 270 degrees. Auditory, impedance, electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP), and recovery of function measurements were recorded monthly until sacrifice at 6 months post-implantation. A histologic analysis was also performed.

Results:
At 6 months, measurement of auditory brainstem responses revealed a mean threshold shift, as well as a mean impedance value, lower in the DEXEL group. The minimum eCAP for the remaining active contacts in the DEXEL group was 68% of that in the conventional CI group. Also at 6 months, the eCAP amplitude produced by a stimulating current of 800 cu (eCAP800) was almost 2.5-fold higher in the DEXEL group than in the conventional CI group (1338.86 ± 637.87 μV versus 545.00 ± 137.37 μV; p = 0.049). Tissue reactions, in particular fibrosis and ossification, were more common in the conventional CI group.

Conclusions:
The CI electrode array equipped with a dexamethasone-eluting component tested in macaques evidence that delivery of dexamethasone to the inner ear may produce rapid and long-lasting improvement of hearing with fewer neural tissue reactions.
Automatic Facial Recognition System Assisted-facial Asymmetry Scale Using Facial Landmarks
Authors: Lee Se A. , Kim Jin , Lee Jeon Mi , Hong Yu-Jin , Kim Ig-Jae , Lee Jong Dae 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:This study aimed to demonstrate the application of our automated facial recognition system to measure facial nerve function and compare its effectiveness with other conventional systems and provide a preliminary evaluation of deep learning-facial grading systems.Study Design:Retrospective, observational.Setting:Tertiary referral center, hospital.Patients:Facial photos taken from 128 patients with facial paralysis and two persons with no history of facial palsy were analyzed.Intervention:Diagnostic.Main Outcome Measures:Correlation with Sunnybrook (SB) and House–Brackmann (HB) grading scales.Results:Our results had good reliability and correlation with other grading systems (r = 0.905 and 0.783 for Sunnybrook and HB grading scales, respectively), while being less time-consuming than Sunnybrook grading scale.Conclusions:Our objective method shows good correlation with both Sunnybrook and HB grading systems. Furthermore, this system could be developed into an application for use with a variety of electronic devices, including smartphones and tablets.
MRI Monitoring of Residual Vestibular Schwannomas: Modeling and Predictors of Growth
Authors: Fieux Maxime , Zaouche Sandra , Rabaste Sylvain , Riche Benjamin , Maucort-Boulch Delphine , Tringali Stéphane 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
The aim was to model residual Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) over time to identify prognostic factors of postsurgical growth.

Study Design:
Multicenter retrospective study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral centers.

Patients:
A group of 135 patients who underwent incomplete resection for VS between January 2010 and December 2018. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations at baseline (1 year after surgery), patients included were divided into two groups: near-total resection (NTR, <25 mm2 × 2 mm) and subtotal resection (STR, greater volume).

Intervention:
Monitoring of residual VS volume.

Main Outcome Measures:
3D volumetric segmentation of residual tumors was performed on every MRI examination at baseline and during follow-up to model volume changes over time using the Lambda-Mu-Sigma method.

Results:
The study followed-up 127 patients (median age: 56 yr) over a median follow-up of 39 months. Most VS residues (76.7%; 89/116) showed no growth at 5 years. Only 27 (23.3%) residues showed signs of regrowth (increase in volume >0.05 cm3). The extent of resection is a predictor of tumor growth (odds ratio [OR] = 4.85; for STR over NTR; p = 0.003), but the growth rate was significantly different between STR and NTR residues (p < 0.001). At first, over 2 years after surgery, STR residues decreased (–1.0% volume per year), whereas NTR ones grew (+8% per year). Then, both residues showed sign of regrowth.

Conclusion:
Postoperative recommendations should now include the natural history of VS residue after resection: even though the growth rate differs between STR and NTR residues, most VS residues showed no growth.