bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extremal Mostar indices of tree‐like polyphenyls
Authors: Deng Kecai , Li Shuchao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGiven a graph G, the Mostar index Mo(G) is the sum of absolute values of the differences between nu(e) and nv(e) over all edges e = uv of G, where nu(e) and nv(e) are, respectively, the number of vertices of G lying closer to u than to v and the number of vertices of G lying closer to v than to u. A tree‐like polyphenyl is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of benzene rings, whose chemical graph will tend to a tree after contracting each hexagon into a vertex (the tree is called a contracted tree). A polyphenyl chain is a tree‐like polyphenyl whose contracted tree is a path. In this paper, those polyphenyl chains with n benzene rings having the least, the second least, the greatest and the second greatest Mostar indices are determined, respectively. Those tree‐like polyphenyls with n benzene rings having the least and the second least Mostar indices are also identified. What is more, some properties of those tree‐like polyphenyls with n benzene rings having the greatest Mostar index are obtained. At the end we state some further research problems.
Megatrends and Trends Shaping Supply Chain Innovation
Authors: Kalaitzi Dimitra , Matopoulos Aristides , Fornasiero Rosanna , Sardesai Saskia , Barros Ana Cristina , Balech Sébastien , Muerza Victoria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCompanies operate in a macro-environment that is changing considerably due to large, transformative global forces namely megatrends and trends. The wave of these megatrends and trends generates new prospects as well as challenges for the future of supply chains. This chapter provides a review of 23 major megatrends and 72 trends identified in multiple dimensions along Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental (PESTLE) dimensions. The results are based on a systematic literature review and an experts’ workshop, and can be used to generate future supply chain scenarios.
Unveiling the Challenges of Future Supply Chains: An Explorative Analysis
Authors: Gürbüz Mustafa Çağrı , Muerza Victoria , Marchiori Irene , Zangiacomi Andrea 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the identification of challenges that supply chains of the future will most likely face. The primary input in this process are the potential optimistic/pessimistic/intermediate future scenarios based on trends within political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental dimensions. Based on such input, we present a list of major challenges/opportunities in relation to the design and operations of Supply Chains (SCs) in the near future. The preliminary list is calibrated and validated based on the input from industry stakeholders (to account for the perspectives of different supply chain actors such as buyers, suppliers, policy makers, and supply chain facilitators) in order to make sure that these challenges are indeed of practical relevance and grounded in reality. The aforementioned challenges are aggregated into several clusters aiming at providing decision makers with a tool that would enable them to quickly and easily spot the relevant challenges and take proper actions to mitigate any potential risk.
Mapping Enabling Technologies for Supply Chains with Future Scenarios
Authors: Senna Pedro Pinho , Stute Markus , Balech Sebastien , Zangiacomi Andrea 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDriven by the current digital transformation, European companies rely on accurate forecasting of future trends and prediction of most useful technologies in order to maintain their competitive edge. For this purpose, the mapping of enabling technologies to future scenarios becomes a valuable tool for practitioners and researchers alike, especially when considering the disruptive events that surround SCs design, implementation and management. This research sets forth to fill this gap by presenting a technology mapping of enabling technologies based on technology portfolio approach, expert elicitation and literature. The final outcome is the mapping of the enabling technologies to the characteristics of the future European SC scenarios.
Paths to Innovation in Supply Chains: The Landscape of Future Research
Authors: Fornasiero Rosanna , Marchiori Irene , Pessot Elena , Zangiacomi Andrea , Sardesai Saskia , Barros Ana Cristina , Thanous Eva , Weerdmeester Ron , Muerza Victoria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter presents a Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for supply chain and it is the result of an intensive work jointly performed involving a wide network of stakeholders from discrete manufacturing, process industry and logistics sector to put forward a vision to strengthen European Supply Chains for the next decade. The work is based on matching visions from literature and from experts with several iterations between desk research and workshops, focus groups and interviews. The result is a detailed analysis of the supply chain strategies identified as most relevant for the next years and definition of the related research and innovation topics as future developments and steps for the full implementation of the strategies, thus proposing innovative and cutting-edge actions to be implemented based on technological development and organisational change.
Welcome to the World Class University: Introduction
Authors: Rider Sharon , Peters Michael A. , Hyvönen Mats , Besley Tina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe notion of World Class Universities, and the use of rankings in general, has been an object of study for decades. Perhaps the first major critical work was Ellen Hazelkorn’s Rankings and the reshaping of higher education: The battle for world-class excellence (2011). Just as the influence of rankings shows no sign of abating, neither does the impetus to provide practical proposals for how to use them to advantage, or, alternatively, to examine the sources and effects of the practices involved. Recent interventions belonging to the first category are Downing and Ganotice’s World university rankings and the future of higher education (2017), while Stack’s Global university rankings and the mediatization of higher education (2016) and Hazelkorn’s Global rankings and the geopolitics of higher education: Understanding the influence and impact of rankingson higher education, policyand society (2016) are notable examples of the latter. The essays presented in the present volume are intended to contribute to our understanding of the phenomenon, its causes and consequences by filling three functions: (i) to provide an updated analysis of current trends in rankings and an examination of recent data regarding World Class University (WCU) initiatives relevant to the form and content of higher education; (ii) to study these especially with an eye to particular ramifications for work on the shop floor, that is to say, for university teachers and students; (iii) to investigate possible future courses and alternative trajectories.
World Class Universities, Rankings and the Global Space of International Students
Authors: Börjesson Mikael , Lillo Cea Pablo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe notion of World Class University suggests that this category of universities operates at a global and not national level. The rankings that have made this notion recognised are global in their scope, ranking universities on a worldwide scale and feed an audience from north to south, east to west. The very idea of ranking universities on such a scale, it is argued here, must be understood in relation to the increasing internationalisation and marketisation of higher education and the creation of a global market for higher education. More precisely, this contribution links the rankings of world class universities to the global space of international student flows. This space has three distinctive poles, a Pacific pole (with the US as the main country of destination and Asian countries as the most important suppliers of students), a Central European one (European countries of origin and destination) and a French/Iberian one (France and Spain as countries of destination with former colonies in Latin America and Africa as countries of origin). The three poles correspond to three different logics of recruitment: a market logic, a proximity logic and a colonial logic. It is argued that the Pacific/Market pole is the dominating pole in the space due to the high concentration of resources of different sorts, including economic, political, educational, scientific and not least, linguistic assets. This dominance is further enhanced by the international ranking. US universities dominate these to a degree that World Class Universities has become synonymous with the American research university. However, the competition has sharpened. And national actors such as China and India are investing heavily to challenge the American dominance. Also France and Germany, who are the dominant players at the dominated poles in the space, have launched initiative to ameliorate their position. In addition, we also witness a growing critique of the global rankings. One of the stakes is the value of national systems of higher education and the very definition of higher education.
The Marketingisation of Higher Education
Authors: Gibbs Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter does not stress the marketisation of higher education rather focuses upon the way in which this is done; the marketingisation of higher education. I do not deny that widening access to skills that can fuel growth is a logical extension of a consumerist ideology. What follows acknowledges these structural changes and then focuses on how marketing is a consequence and reinforce of such structural change. Indeed there is a substantial literature which addresses it (e.g. Molesworth et al. Having, being and higher education: The marketization of the university and the transformation of the student into consumer. Teaching in Higher Education, 14(3), 277–287, 2009; Brown R, Carasso H, Everything for sale? The marketisation of UK higher education. Routledge, London, 2013). Nor does it support that marketingation has brought no or only limited contributions to higher education. The expansion of the privileges of higher education to the many from the few, the greater governance and transparency of the process and practices of higher education institutions in their compact with society and a clearer ways to evaluate these activities have, to varying degrees, enhanced higher education. These interventions have opened the market for world class universities (WCUs) allowing them global as well as local reach. Yet it is strange that these improvements are consequences of market interventions by Governments, by publishers in terms of league tables, and by employers in terms of preferred (mythical?) skill sets and not for educative purposes. The emergent practices encouraged by these interventions increase the influence of marketing and facilitate a metamorphosis of institutions from educational entities to market responsive service providers whose intent focuses on impact and enhanced return on capital. This leads WCUs into the endless and Sisyphusan striving, often devoid of any ultimate worthy end but ends which are an inevitable consequence of managing rapidly increasing competition and shifting demands effectively rather than educative priorities. The chapter describes and discusses the consequences.
On Realizing the World-Class University: Litigation and the State
Authors: Novak Judit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter examines Dickinson v. Mälardalen University as an empirical manifestation of state action for creating and maintaining world-class universities (WCUs). It advances the argument that while litigation has long been assumed to play a far more limited role in higher education (HE) than it does in other areas of public policy, this element of governing fuels a different form of state building, in which courts and judges—sometimes from even the mere existence or threat of their intervention—can play a crucial role in WCU development. At the same time, we need to ask a variety of questions about the outcomes of lawsuits and their effects on HE. Does litigation have the effect of realizing the WCU, or does it not matter at all whether policy goals are pressed in courts or through legislation and professional choices? If it does matter, how and why? This chapter argues that a turn to the courts and a reliance on more formal, less malleable rules is not merely an alternative route to the same goal; litigation matters because law is different, because judicial decision-making shapes and constrains HE politics and policy in important ways.
World Class at All Costs
Authors: Hyvönen Mats 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter takes up the now infamous case of the so-called Macchariani Scandal in light of the Karolinska Institute’s tactics for maintaining and enhancing its position as a WCU. It pays special attention to research funding policies in general, and, in particular, the role of the chairman of the Institute’s Board of Trustees, the Liberal politician Lars Leijonborg, as an example of how the dream of becoming a world-class country in the increasingly fierce global competition can have far-reaching negative consequences for national higher education systems as well as for individuals.
The contribution of multifocal visual evoked potentials in patients with optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis: a review
Authors: Zafeiropoulos Paraskevas , Katsanos Andreas , Kitsos George , Stefaniotou Maria , Asproudis Ioannis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To review the evidence on the usefulness of the multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) test in patients with optic neuritis (ON) and/or multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods
We critically review key published evidence on the use of mfVEP in ON/MS patients and its association with other functional and structural tests.

Results
Multifocal VEP tests are useful in detecting abnormality in patients with ON/MS and monitor the progression of lesions (remyelination, atrophy). In addition, mfVEP has good correlation with conventional visual evoked potential (VEP), standard automated perimetry, optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In patients with ON, mfVEP might be useful in predicting the risk of conversion to MS.
Intra‐Valve Elemental Distributions in Arctic Marine Ostracodes: Implications for Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca Paleothermometry
Authors: Rodriguez Maximiliano , Doherty John M. , Man Ho Lai Hilary , Wang Rujian , Xiao Wenshen , Zhou Baochun , Thibodeau Benoit , Not Christelle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReconstructing intermediate and bottom‐water temperature in the Arctic Ocean is key for understanding paleoclimatic phenomena, such as the region's interactions with warm Atlantic waters, stratification, and sea‐ice dynamics. However, benthic proxy archives are sparse throughout the Arctic circle compared to lower latitudes. Trace‐element ratios (E/Ca) derived from ostracodes, a group of bivalved microscopic crustaceans, have shown promise in this regard. Samples for E/Ca measurements typically require rigorous cleaning prior to analysis, and signs of contamination are routinely monitored through the presence of other trace elements such as Al, Fe, and Mn, which are associated with suspected sources of overprinting. However, there has not yet been an intra‐valve investigation of all of these trace elements, which may hinder our ability to effectively identify geochemical overprinting. Here, we present several elemental concentration and E/Ca ratio measurements in two ostracode genera, Krithe and Polycope, extracted from Chukchi Sea sediment samples. We further investigate the intra‐valve distribution of elements within single shells of adult and juvenile specimens using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Our findings suggest that brushing and bleach treatments may not be effective for completely eliminating clays from the edges of valves, which can bias paleoclimatologically relevant trace‐element proxies such as Mg/Ca ratios, particularly in the case of incomplete or small samples with low amounts of calcite material. In addition, we report the first trace‐element data from the genus Polycope, which shows potential as a new Arctic paleotemperature archive.
Mainshock and Aftershock Sequence Simulation in Geometrically Complex Fault Zones
Authors: Ozawa So , Ando Ryosuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAftershocks seem to be located along the trace of the mainshock fault; however, due to the location error, we do not know their exact location relative to the mainshock fault. Here, we hypothesize that most aftershocks occur on small subsidiary faults instead of the mainshock fault, and they are triggered by the local increase of stress due to the rough geometry of the mainshock fault. To explore this scenario, we perform 2‐D earthquake sequence simulations considering a rough main fault and numerous subsidiary faults that obey the rate and state friction law. We show that many aftershocks occur at the side of the main fault, delineating the main fault trace. We also show that the roughness of the main fault decreases the concentration of aftershocks around the tip of the mainshock fault. Our numerical simulation reproduces the Omori‐Utsu law for the temporal decay of aftershocks and reveals the log‐time expansion of the aftershock zone. The variability of focal mechanisms of aftershocks strongly depends on the friction coefficient. Large aftershocks are limited in the tips of the mainshock fault. This is one of the first earthquake sequence simulations based on the continuum mechanics framework that reproduces realistic spatiotemporal aftershock activities.
Understanding adherence to the recording of ecological momentary assessments in the example of tinnitus monitoring
Authors: Schleicher Miro , Unnikrishnan Vishnu , Neff Patrick , Simoes Jorge , Probst Thomas , Pryss Rüdiger , Schlee Winfried , Spiliopoulou Myra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe recording of Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA) can assist people with chronic diseases in monitoring their health state. However, many users quickly lose interest in their respective EMA platforms. Therefore, we studied the adherence of users of the mHealth app TrackYourTinnitus(TYT). The app is used to record EMA in people with tinnitus. 1292 users, who interacted with the app between April 2014 and February 2017, were analyzed in this work. We defined “adherence” based on the dimensions of interaction duration and interaction continuity. We propose methods that are able to predict the (dis)continuation of interaction with the app and identify user segments that are characterized by similar patterns of adherence. For the prediction task we used the data of the questionnaires MiniTF and TSCHQ, which are filled in when the users enter TYT for the first time. Additionally, time series of the eight items of the daily EMA questionnaire were used. The distribution of user activity pertaining to the adherence dimension of interaction duration revealed a very skewed distribution, with most users giving up after only 1 day of interaction. However, many users returned after interrupting for some time. Some of the MiniTF items indicated that the worries of users might have lead to an increased likelihood of returning back to the app. The MiniTF score itself was not predictive, though. The answers to the TSCHQ items, in turn, pointed to user strata (more than 65 years of age at registration), which tended towards higher interaction continuity. As the registration questionnaires predicted adherence only to a limited extent, it is promising to study the activities of the users in the very first days of interaction more deeply. It turned out in this context that the effects of interaction stimulants like personalized and non-personalized tips, pointers to information sources, and mechanisms used in online treatments for tinnitus (e.g., in iCBT) should be further investigated.
Depressive symptoms in response to COVID-19 and lockdown: a cross-sectional study on the Italian population
Authors: Delmastro Marco , Zamariola Giorgia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown orders adopted to prevent the spread of the disease had a huge impact on a personal, social, and economic level for the world population. In Europe, Italy was one of the frontrunner countries dealing with an emergency that significantly affected people’s lives. Previous research on the psychological impact of the pandemic revealed an increase in anxiety, depression, and feelings of distress; however, these studies were conducted on non-representative samples of the population reached through social media channels, a method that is likely to lead to many forms of statistical and methodological bias. For the first time to our knowledge, we assessed the psychological impact of COVID-19 on 6700 Italian individuals, representative of the Italian population in terms of age, gender, and geographical areas revealing higher scores of depressive symptoms in females, younger adults, people reporting professional uncertainty and lower socio-economic status. A positive correlation was also found for individuals living alone, those who could not leave home for going to work, and people with a case of COVID-19 in the family, whereas the region of residence was not a significant predictor of depressive symptoms. These findings underline the importance of considering the psychological effects of COVID-19 and providing support to individuals seeking mental health care.