bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large Single‐Crystal Cu Foils with High‐Index Facets by Strain‐Engineered Anomalous Grain Growth
Authors: Li Yanglizhi , Sun Luzhao , Chang Zhenghua , Liu Haiyang , Wang Yuechen , Liang Yu , Chen Buhang , Ding Qingjie , Zhao Zhenyong , Wang Ruoyu , Wei Yujie , Peng Hailin , Lin Li , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe rich and complex arrangements of metal atoms in high‐index metal facets afford appealing physical and chemical properties, which attracts extensive research interest in material science for the applications in catalysis and surface chemistry. However, it is still a challenge to prepare large‐area high‐index single crystals in a controllable and cost‐efficient manner. Herein, entire commercially available decimeter‐sized polycrystalline Cu foils are successfully transformed into single crystals with a series of high‐index facets, relying on a strain‐engineered anomalous grain growth technique. The introduction of a moderate thermal‐contact stress upon the Cu foil during the annealing leads to the formation of high‐index grains dominated by the thermal strain of the Cu foils, rather than the (111) surface driven by the surface energy. Besides, the designed static gradient of the temperature enables the as‐formed high‐index grain seed to expand throughout the entire Cu foil. The as‐received high‐index Cu foils can serve as the templates for producing high‐index single‐crystal Cu‐based alloys. This work provides an appealing material basis for the epitaxial growth of 2D materials, and the applications that require the unique surface structures of high‐index metal foils and their alloys.
The Electronic Conductivity of Single Crystalline Ga‐Stabilized Cubic Li7La3Zr2O12: A Technologically Relevant Parameter for All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Philipp Martin , Gadermaier Bernhard , Posch Patrick , Hanzu Ilie , Ganschow Steffen , Meven Martin , Rettenwander Daniel , Redhammer Günther J. , Wilkening H. Martin R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe next‐generation of all‐solid‐state lithium batteries need ceramic electrolytes with very high ionic conductivities. At the same time a negligible electronic conductivity σeon is required to eliminate self‐discharge in such systems. A non‐negligible electronic conductivity may also promote the unintentional formation of Li dendrites, being currently one of the key issues hindering the development of long‐lasting all‐solid‐state batteries. This interplay is suggested recently for garnet‐type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO). It is, however, well known that the overall macroscopic electronic conductivity may be governed by a range of extrinsic factors such as impurities, chemical inhomogeneities, grain boundaries, morphology, and size effects. Here, advantage of Czochralski‐grown single crystals, which offer the unique opportunity to evaluate intrinsic properties of a chemically homogeneous matrix, is taken to measure the electronic conductivity σeon. Via long‐time, high‐precision potentiostatic polarization experiments an upper limit of σeon in the order of 5 × 10−10 S cm−1 (293 K) is estimated. This value is by six orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding total conductivity σtotal = 10−3 S cm−1 of Ga‐LLZO. Thus, it is concluded that the high values of σeon recently reported for similar systems do not necessarily mirror intragrain bulk properties of chemically homogenous systems but may originate from chemically inhomogeneous interfacial areas.
Repulsion of Polar Gels From Water: Hydration‐Triggered Actuation, Self‐Folding, and 3D Fabrication
Authors: Ridha Inam , Gorenca Pranvera , Urie Russell , Shanbhag Sachin , Rege Kaushal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSynthetic materials that mimic the ability of natural occurring features to self‐actuate in response to different stimuli have wide applications in soft robotics, microdevices, drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and sensing. Here, unexpected and counter‐intuitive findings are presented in which a strongly polyelectrolytic hydrogel repels from strong polar solvents upon partial exposure (e.g., partial hydration by water). This repulsion drives the actuation and self‐folding of the gel, which results in rapid formation of different three‐dimensional shapes by simply placing the corresponding two‐dimensional films on water. A detailed investigation into the role of hydrogel chemistry, pH, and morphology on hydration‐triggered actuation behavior of the gels and their nanocomposites is described. Finally, a computational model is developed in order to further elucidate mechanisms of actuation. Modeling partial hydration as a repulsive driving force, it tracks the evolution of the shape of the thin film that results from restoring elastic forces. Taken together, the results indicate that an interplay between elastic and Coulombic repulsive forces leads to seemingly unexpected behavior of actuation of strongly polyelectrolytic gels away from polar solvents, leading to a novel and simple fabrication strategy for diverse 3D devices.
Multiparameter Peptide Optimization toward Stable Triple Agonists for the Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity
Authors: Evers Andreas , Pfeiffer‐Marek Stefania , Bossart Martin , Elvert Ralf , Lorenz Katrin , Heubel Christoph , Garea Ana Villar , Schroeter Katrin , Riedel Jens , Stock Ursula , Konkar Anish , Wagner Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHistorically, peptide optimization has mainly focused on pharmacological activity. Physicochemical properties have often been evaluated late in discovery, potentially providing molecules with suboptimal stability properties. Often, such issues cannot be overcome by formulation approaches but need additional optimization cycles for a redesign of the peptide. Here, early rational multiparameter optimization of exendin‐4 based agonists is described toward i) a balanced triple activity profile at the glucagon‐like peptide 1, glucagon, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptors for the treatment of diabetes and obesity and in parallel ii) robust physicochemical properties for 1‐daily subcutaneous application in a multiple‐dose pen device. In depth evaluation of an optimized candidate shows an excellent profile with respect to its physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PD) behavior in minipigs and monkeys.
Exciton Quenching due to Hole Trap Formation in Aged Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Rörich Irina , Niu Quan , van der Zee Bas , del Pino Rosendo Esther , Crăciun Nicoleta Irina , Ramanan Charusheela , Blom Paul W. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolymer light‐emitting diodes based on two poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) derivatives are aged at a constant current density, leading to the formation of hole traps. Time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (TRPL) measurements show that the degraded polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) also demonstrate a decrease in exciton lifetime. The amount of nonradiative exciton quenching sites in the aged devices is quantified by Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that the number of hole traps obtained from electrical charge transport measurements matches the number of newly formed nonradiative quenching sites determined from the TRPL experiments. The results reveal the origin for the apparent different behavior of the electroluminescence and photoluminescence upon PLED degradation. The decrease of the electroluminescence is governed by recombination of free electrons with trapped holes, whereas the photoluminescence is reduced by nonradiative quenching processes between excitons and hole traps.
Cytogenetic risk score maintains its prognostic significance in AML patients with detectable measurable residual disease undergoing transplantation in remission: On behalf of the acute leukemia working party of the European society for blood and marrow transplantation
Authors: Nagler Arnon , Labopin Myriam , Canaani Jonathan , Niittyvuopio Riitta , Socié Gerard , Kröger Nicolaus , Itäla‐Remes Maija , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Labussière‐Wallet Hélène , Gallego‐Hernanz Maria P. , Deconinck Eric , Chevallier Patrice , Finke Jürgen , Esteve Jordi , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile evidence for measurable residual disease (MRD) is a harbinger of inferior outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients referred for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT), the exact clinical trajectory of specific patient subsets in this clinical setting is undefined. Using a recently published prognostic cytogenetic model (Canaani et al. Leukemia 2019) we evaluated whether this model applied also to studies of patients with positive MRD. The analysis comprised MRD+ patients in first complete remission undergoing allo‐SCT from a matched sibling donor or unrelated donor. Seven hundred and seventy‐five patients were evaluated with a median follow‐up duration of 22 months. Cytogenetic risk score was favorable, intermediate/FLT3wt intermediate/FLT3‐ITD3, and adverse in 15%, 28.3%, 37% and 19.7% of the patients, respectively. Favorable and intermediate/FLT3wt risk patients had 2‐year leukemia‐free survival rates of 78% and 61%, respectively, compared with only 50% and 37% for intermediate/FLT3‐ITD3 and adverse risk patients, respectively (P < .001). In multivariate analysis adverse and intermediate/FLT3‐ITD3 risk patients were more likely to experience disease relapse compared with favorable risk patients [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.9, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.1‐7.3; P < .001, and HR = 4.4, CI 95%, 2.4‐7.8; P < .001, respectively]. The European society for blood and marrow transplantation cytogenetic risk score is a valuable adjunct for risk stratification of MRD+ AML patients.
Ultrathin Dual‐Polarized Huygens’ Metasurface: Design and Application
Authors: Xue Chunhua , Sun Jingwen , Niu Le , Lou Qun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs a class of transmissive surfaces, Huygens’ metasurfaces have attracted much attention in recent years due to their abilities to efficiently manipulate transmitted waves. However, the study of dual‐polarized Huygens’ metasurfaces using vialess double‐layer elements has not yet been reported. To overcome this challenge, herein an ultrathin Huygens’ metasurface composed of only double‐layer elements without vias is proposed to achieve high transmission and near 360° phase shift for dual polarization. Based on induced magnetism, the top and the bottom elements act as both an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole, inducing the orthogonally electric and magnetic current simultaneously. Then their interaction excites the Huygens’ resonance. As an example of an application, a dual‐polarized Huygens’ meta‐lens is prepared that exhibits excellent antenna performance. Dual‐polarized Huygens’ metasurfaces based on induced magnetism offer extra opportunities for efficient transmitted wave manipulation in metasurfaces.
Off‐Axis and Multi Optical Bottles from the Ring Airy Gaussian Vortex Beam with the Astigmatic Phase
Authors: Wu You , Lin Zejia , Xu Chuangjie , Fu Xinming , Chen Kaihui , Qiu Huixin , Deng Dongmei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA new type of off‐axis and multi optical bottle (OB) from an astigmatic‐phase ring Airy Gaussian vortex beam (APRAGVB) propagating in free space is derived numerically. By choosing appropriate parameters, different sizes and amounts of OBs can be obtained. More importantly, when the APRAGVB has the multi optical vortices at different locations, one can generate off‐axis, multi, and complex OBs. It is believed that the results can diversify optical tweezers applications for multi microparticle manipulation.
β‐Polymorph enhancement in poly(vinylidene fluoride) by blending with polyamide 6 and barium titanate nanoparticles
Authors: Kasbi Sina Farahani , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Goodarzi Vahabodin , Torabi Atefeh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolyamide 6 (PA6) as a cost‐effective polar polymer and barium titanate (BT) as piezoelectric ceramic nanofiller were melt compounded with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix to enhance the β electroactive phase. A series of samples with two blending ratios of PVDF/PA6 (90/10 and 70/30 [wt%/wt%]) each containing 1, 3, and 5 wt% of BT were prepared. The SEM results revealed that the addition of BT to the neat blends refined the biphasic morphology which is mainly due to selective localization of BTs in PA6 dispersed phase as confirmed by TEM observation and wetting parameter predictions. The EDX analysis demonstrated a uniform distribution of BT nanoparticles in the filled systems. FTIR and XRD results showed that β content increased as a result of blending while the α phase was suppressed. The BT nanoparticles inclusion to the blends showed a synergistic effect on the β‐polymorph content. These results in combination with the data derived from DSC (indicating reduction of the total crystallinity) complement the idea of β enhancement by the addition of BT nanoparticles and PA6 into PVDF.
The entry point of the central retinal artery into the outer meningeal sheath of the optic nerve
Authors: Merriam John C. , Casper Daniel S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe entry point of the central retinal artery (CRA) into the outer meningeal sheath of the optic nerve posterior to the globe has been studied and debated for more than one hundred years. The authors have supervised an orbital anatomy course for more than two decades. This article summarizes previous studies of the CRA and presents the results of dissections of 67 orbits.Materials and MethodsHeads were hemisected prior to dissection at the Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University. The authors measured the entry point of the CRA with a caliper and noted the meridional orientation of the CRA.ResultsThe mean entry point was 10.65 mm posterior to the globe, with a range of 5 to 18 mm. Most commonly, the CRA entered the sheath in the inferior meridian, but some entered slightly inferomedially or inferolaterally.ConclusionsThe entry point of the CRA into the sheath of the optic nerve is variable, and without detailed angiography the clinician cannot know the course of the CRA prior to performing invasive intraorbital procedures. Knowledge of common variations in CRA entry into the outer meningeal sheath of the optic nerve should help to minimize injury during surgery.
Effects of adaptive immune cell therapy on the immune cell profile in patients with advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Miura Miyabi , Mizukoshi Eishiro , Hashiba Tomomi , Kitahara Masaaki , Miyashita Tomoharu , Mochizuki Takafumi , Goto Shigenori , Kamigaki Takashi , Takimoto Rishu , Yamashita Taro , Sakai Yoshio , Yamashita Tatsuya , Honda Masao , Kaneko Shuichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapy for cancer patients has been the subject of attention in recent years. In this study, we investigated whether αβT‐cell therapy causes changes in the host's immune cell profile, and if so, the effect of these changes on prognosis.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 30 gastric cancer patients who had completed one course of αβT‐cell therapy were analyzed. The peripheral blood immune cell profile was established using PBMCs by counting the frequency of CD4+ helper T cells, CD8+ killer T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and measuring the expression of their surface markers. The changes after treatment and their association with response to treatment were investigated.ResultsImmune cell profiles changed greatly after treatment. The frequency of CD4+ helper T cells decreased, but that of CD8+ killer T cells increased. The frequency of programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1)+ effector Tregs increased significantly, but only in the non‐progressive disease (non‐PD) group, in which it was significantly higher compared with the PD group. Patients in whom the frequency of PD‐1+ effector Tregs increased had a significantly better prognosis than those in whom it decreased.ConclusionOur results suggested that αβT‐cell therapy changes the host's immune cell profile, and an increase in PD‐1+ effector Tregs may help improve prognosis.
Effect of sorafenib starting dose and dose intensity on survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Results from a Canadian Multicenter Database
Authors: Alghamdi Mohammed A. , Amaro Carla P. , Lee‐Ying Richard , Sim Hao‐Wen , Samwi Haider , Chan Kelvin K. , Knox Jennifer J. , Ko Yoo‐Joung , Swiha Mina , Batuyong Eugene , Romagnino Adriana , Cheung Winson Y. , Tam Vincent C. ,   the Hepatocellular Carcinoma ‐ Cancer Health Outcomes Research Database (HCC ‐ CHORD) Consortium
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSorafenib has been shown to improve survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, full dose can be difficult to tolerate. The aim of this study was to determine whether sorafenib starting dose and mean dose intensity affect survival.MethodsPatients treated with sorafenib for HCC from January 2008 to July 2016 in several Canadian provinces were included and retrospectively analyzed. The primary end point was overall survival (OS) of patients starting on sorafenib full dose compared to reduced dose. Secondary analysis compared OS with different mean dose‐intensity groups. Survival outcomes were assessed with Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. A propensity score analysis was performed to account for treatment bias and confounding.ResultsOf 681 patients included, sorafenib was started at full dose in 289 patients (42%). Median survival for starting full and reduced dose was 9.4 months and 8.9 months (P = .15) respectively. After propensity score matching and adjusting for potential confounders there was still no difference in survival (HR 0.8, 95% CI, 0.61‐1.06, P = .12). Almost half of the patients (45%) received a dose intensity < 50%. Median survival for mean dose intensity > 75%, 50%‐75%, and < 50% were 9.5 months, 12.9 months, and 7.1 months (P = .005) respectively. In multivariable models, starting dose(HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.93‐1.44, P = .180) and mean dose intensity were not associated with survival.ConclusionsStarting HCC patients on a reduced dose of sorafenib compared to full dose may not compromise survival. Mean dose‐intensity of sorafenib may also not affect survival.
Numerical Investigation of Gas‐Liquid Reacting Flow in a Jet‐Type Singlet Oxygen Generator
Authors: Xu Chao , Chen Xi , Liu Tingting , Huai Ying , Chen Guangwen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the process of gas‐liquid reaction in a jet‐type singlet oxygen generator by using volume‐of‐fluid coupled with large eddy simulation. The coupled hydrodynamic and reaction simulations provide detailed information about the reacting flow. Results reveal that the reaction aggravates the jet instability and affects the jet structure significantly due to the differential pressure around the liquid jet. The effects of gas velocity on chlorine conversion and the yield of singlet oxygen were investigated. The key is the increasing of the interface area rather than the convection. This numerical simulation study is convenient for the design of singlet oxygen reactors and the research of gas‐liquid two‐phase flow with reaction.
CFD‐Simulation einer generischen Reaktion in einem gerührten Behälter
Authors: Kleiner Thomas , Gottanka Michael , Stary Alexander , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Bertakis Evangelos , Klein Harald 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGerührte Behälter werden in der chemischen Verfahrenstechnik weitreichend eingesetzt, weshalb es sehr viele unterschiedliche Designs gibt. Für ihre Untersuchung wird daher vermehrt die numerische Strömungsmechanik eingesetzt, wobei bislang hauptsächlich die Strömung im Fokus stand. Innerhalb dieser Arbeit wird eine generische chemische Reaktion in einem gerührten Behälter simuliert und die Temperierung des Reaktors mittels numerischer Strömungsmechanik betrachtet. Mithilfe der Simulation lassen sich designkritische Aspekte ableiten und eine reaktionsspezifische Optimierung des gerührten Behälters durchführen.
Bildung 4.0: Herausforderungen für die Aus‐ und Fortbildung
Authors: Wilk Michael , Rommel Steve , Liauw Marcel A. , Schinke Bernd , Zanthoff Horst‐Werner 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMit der digitalen Transformation und den Veränderungen hin zur Arbeitswelt 4.0 entstehen neue Herausforderungen für die Aus‐ und Fortbildung von Verfahrensingenieuren und artverwandten Berufen. So müssen sich die Hochschulen und ihre Lehrenden nicht nur mit den neuen Möglichkeiten und Veränderungen auseinandersetzen, sondern auch auf die Besonderheiten und Erwartungen der zukünftigen Studierendenschaft aus der Generation der Digital Natives eingehen. Ähnlich große Herausforderungen hat die Industrie, die dem Wandel durch substanzielle Anpassungen und Erweiterungen der beruflichen Fortbildung begegnen muss, um die Beschäftigungsfähigkeit ihrer Belegschaft zu sichern und im Wettbewerb zu bestehen.
Separation Units 4.0 – Trennapparate heute und morgen
Authors: Riese Julia , Hoff Andreas , Stock Jürgen , Górak Andrzej , Grünewald Marcus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDie chemische Industrie sieht sich mit gravierenden Herausforderungen konfrontiert: Die Einhaltung der Klimaschutzziele, die Auswirkungen der Energiewende und die zunehmende Bedeutung der Kreislaufwirtschaft treffen die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette. Lösungsansätze von der Prozess‐ über die Apparateebene bis hin zum Einzelphänomen sind notwendig, um die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit dieses zentralen Industriezweigs zu erhalten. In diesem Beitrag werden aktuelle Entwicklungen und zukünftige Handlungsfelder in der Trenntechnik, die für diese Herausforderungen wertvolle Beiträge leisten können, dargestellt.
Lignin Depolymerization under Continuous‐Flow Conditions: Highlights of Recent Developments
Authors: Abdelaziz Omar Y. , Hulteberg Christian P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLignin is a polyaromatic polymer contained in plant cell walls, and it is considered the most abundant noncarbohydrate polymer on Earth. The aromaticity and richness of its functional groups render lignin an attractive starting biomacromolecule for conversion into a variety of value‐added products. The development of successful strategies for lignin valorization infers the design of effective depolymerization protocols. Most research on lignin depolymerization has focused on batch‐mode processing, whereas only a few studies have investigated such lignin transformations in continuous reactor systems. In this Concept, emerging developments within the concept of continuous lignin processing and the challenges remaining in realizing the efficient valorization of lignin by using this technology are highlighted. A special focus is set on the hydrothermal conversion of technical lignin under continuous‐flow conditions, together with suggestions for future research and technology development.