bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed Dispersal as A Search Strategy: Dynamic and Fragmented Landscapes Select for Multi-Scale Seed Dispersal
Authors: Treep Jelle , Jager Monique de , Bartumeus Frederic , Soons Merel B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background – Plant dispersal is a critical factor driving ecological responses to global changes. Knowledge on the mechanisms of dispersal is rapidly advancing, but selective pressures responsible for the evolution of dispersal strategies remain elusive. Recent advances in animal movement ecology identified general strategies that may optimize efficiency in animal searches for food or habitat. We here explore the potential for evolution of similar general movement strategies for plants.Methods – We propose that seed dispersal in plants can be viewed as a strategic search for suitable habitat, where the probability of finding such locations has been optimized through evolution of appropriate dispersal kernels. Using model simulations, we demonstrate how dispersal strategies can optimize key dispersal trade-offs between finding habitat, avoiding kin competition, and colonizing new patches. These trade-offs depend strongly on the landscape, resulting in a tight link between optimal dispersal strategy and spatiotemporal habitat distribution.Results – Our findings reveal that multi-scale seed dispersal strategies that combine short-distance and long-distance dispersal, including Lévy-like dispersal, are optimal across a wide range of dynamic and patchy landscapes. Static patchy landscapes select for short-distance dominated dispersal strategies, while uniform and highly unpredictable landscapes both select for long-distance dominated dispersal strategies.Conclusions – By viewing plant seed dispersal as a strategic search for suitable habitat, we provide a reference framework for the analysis of plant dispersal data. This reference framework helps identify plant species’ dispersal strategies, the evolutionary forces determining these strategies and their ecological consequences, such as a potential mismatch between plant dispersal strategy and altered spatiotemporal habitat dynamics due to land use change. Our perspective opens up directions for future studies, including exploration of composite search behaviour and ‘informed searches’ in plant species with directed dispersal.
Effect of ply angle on nonlinear static aeroelasticity of high-aspect-ratio composite wing
Authors: Lei Shuai , Wang Junli , Li Tuolei , Zhang Wensheng , Ren Zhigui , Cui Hong 
Published: June 2020

In order to reduce the weight and improve aerodynamic characteristics, the new aircraft generally adopts lightweight composite materials and high-aspect-ratio layout. Such the structural layout aircraft will produce large nonlinear aeroelastic deformation under the action of aerodynamic loads. Due to the anisotropy of the composite, the composite ply angle of wing skin has a great influence on the elastic deformation of the high-aspect-ratio wing. In order to study the influence of the ply angle on the nonlinear static aeroelastic wing deformation, based on CFD/CSD unidirectional fluid-solid coupling, the structural deformation and stress of high-aspect-ratio composite wing were numerically solved. The wing deformation along the lift direction was taken as the optimization target. The structure strength was taken as the constraint. The ply angle for the composite skin of the high-aspect-ratio composite wing was optimized by the Screening method. The optimization results show the nonlinear static aeroelastic deformation of the wing in the lift direction is reduced by 39.1 %. The maximum stress of the wing beam and rib is reduced by 39.0 %. The maximum Tsai-Wu failure factor of the wing skin is reduced by 47.1 %.
In Silico Factorial Screening and Optimization of Chitosan Based Gel for Urapidil Loaded Microparticle using Reduced Factorial Design
Authors: Roy Harekrishna , Nayak Bhabani S. , Nandi Sisir 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
Literature study revealed the poor mechanical strength of chitosan-based
microparticles. Our research aimed at developing sufficient strength of microparticle with a
suitable concentration of chitosan and non-ionic surfactants such as poloxamer-188 (pluronic). It
also aimed to develop and study the effect of variables for prepared microparticles utilizing insilico
screening methodology, such as reduced factorial design, followed by optimization.

Methods:
Preliminary trial batches were prepared with variable concentration of chitosan and
poloxamer-188 utilizing cross-linked ion-gelation technique. A 20% w/v sodium citrate solution
was used as a cross-linking solution. The resolution-IV of 24-1 reduced factorial design was
selected to screen the possible and significant independent variables or factors in the dosage form
design. A total number of eight runs were suggested by statistical software and responses were
recorded. The responses such as spreadability, pH, viscosity and percentage of drug released at 12
h were considered in the screening study. Based on the result, selected factors were included in the
optimization technique, including graphical and numerical methods.

Results:
The signified factors based on reduced two-level factorial screening design with
randomized subtype, were identified by Half-normal and Pareto chart. Mathematical fitting and
analysis were performed by the factorial equation during the optimization process. The validation
and fitting of models were suggested and evaluated by p-value, adjusted R2, and predicted R2 values.
The significant and non-significant terms were evaluated, followed by finding the optimal
concentration and region with yellow color highlighted in an overlay plot. Based on the data obtained
by the overlay study, the final formulation batch was prepared and the observed value was found to be
pretty much nearer as compared to predicted values. Drug-polymer interaction study included
attenuated total reflectance, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-Ray diffraction study.

Conclusion:
The principal of the study design was based on finding the prefixed set parameter
values utilizing the concept of in-silico screening technique and optimization with a minimal
number of trials and study expenses. It concluded that Poloxamer-188 (0.94%), chitosan (2.38%),
swelling time (1.81 h), and parts of chitosan (78.51%) in a formulation batch would fulfill the
predetermined parameter with specific values.
In Silico Repurposing of J147 for Neonatal Encephalopathy Treatment: Exploring Molecular Mechanisms of Mutant Mitochondrial ATP Synthase
Authors: Emmanuel Iwuchukwu A. , Olotu Fisayo A. , Agoni Clement , Soliman Mahmoud E.S. 
Published: June 2020

Background:Neonatal Encephalopathy (NE) is a mitochondrial ATP synthase (mATPase) disease, which results in the death of infants. The case presented here is reportedly caused by complex V deficiency as a result of mutation of Arginine to Cysteine at residue 329 in the mATPase. A recent breakthrough was the discovery of J147, which targets mATPase in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Based on the concepts of computational target-based drug design, this study investigated the possibility of employing J147 as a viable candidate in the treatment of NE.Objective/Methods:The structural dynamic implications of this drug on the mutated enzyme are yet to be elucidated. Hence, integrative molecular dynamics simulations and thermodynamic calculations were employed to investigate the activity of J147 on the mutated enzyme in comparison to its already established inhibitory activity on the wild-type enzyme.Results:A correlated structural trend occurred between the wild-type and mutant systems whereby all the systems exhibited an overall conformational transition. Equal observations in favorable free binding energies further substantiated uniformity in the mobility, and residual fluctuation of the wild-type and mutant systems. The similarity in the binding landscape suggests that J147 could as well modulate mutant mATPase activity in addition to causing structural modifications in the wild-type enzyme.Conclusions:Findings suggest that J147 can stabilize the mutant protein and restore it to a similar structural state as the wild-type which depicts functionality. These details could be employed in drug design for potential drug resistance cases due to mATPase mutations that may present in the future.
Application of Phenotype Microarray for Profiling Carbon Sources Utilization between Biofilm and Non-Biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Clinical Isolates
Authors: Ismail Nur S. , Subbiah Suresh K. , Taib Niazlin M. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
This is the fastest work in obtaining the metabolic profiles of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa in order to combat the infection diseases which leads to high morbidity and mortality rates.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a high versatility of gram-negative bacteria that can undergo aerobic and
anaerobic respiration. Capabilities in deploying different carbon sources, energy metabolism and regulatory
system, ensure the survival of this microorganism in the diverse environment condition. Determination
of differences in carbon sources utilization among biofilm and non-biofilm of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa provides a platform in understanding the metabolic activity of the microorganism.

Methods:
The study was carried out from September 2017 to February 2019. Four archive isolates
forming strong and intermediate biofilm and non-biofilms producer were subcultured from archive isolates.
ATCC 27853 P. aeruginosa was used as a negative control or non-biofilm producing microorganism.
Biofilm formation was confirmed by Crystal Violet Assay (CVA) and Congo Red Agar
(CRA). Metabolic profiles of the biofilm and non-biofilms isolates were determined by phenotype microarrays
(Biolog Omnilog).

Results and Discussion:
In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm isolates utilized uridine,
L-threonine and L-serine while non-biofilm utilized adenosine, inosine, monomethyl, sorbic acid and
succinamic acid.

Conclusion:
The outcome of this result will be used for future studies to improve detection or inhibit
the growth of P. aeruginosa biofilm and non-biofilm respectively.
Pitavastatin Combined with Ezetimibe Treatment was an Effective Approach to Non-IRA Lesion of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Zhao Bo , Li Guang-Ping , Peng Jian-Jun , Ren Li-Hui , Lei Li-Cheng , Ye Hui-Ming , Wang Zuo-Yan , Zhao Sheng 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients with the multivessel
disease have distinctive plaque characteristics in non-IRA lesions. Intensive statin therapy was
a potential approach to treat STEMI patients with the non-IRA disease. However, there is still poor evidence
about the therapeutic effect. In this study, we have evaluated the detailed therapeutic effect of
statin plus ezetimibe intensive therapy.

Methods:
For STEMI patients with non-IRA disease undergoing primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
(PCI), 183 control STEMI patients without non-IRA disease undergoing primary PCI, and
200 STEMI patients with non-IRA disease undergoing primary PCI were introduced into this study.
200 STEMI patients with non-IRA disease undergoing primary PCI were divided into Normal group,
Intensive group, Normal & Combined group, and Intensive & Combined group. The baseline information
for each participant was recorded. Meanwhile, the physiological and biochemical indicators of
each member with different treatments were collected after one-year follow-up.

Results:
For STEMI patients with non-IRA disease undergoing primary PCI, no differences could be
detected in multiple indexes such as OCT examination results, age, stroke, etc. However, diabetes
mellitus, smoking, and coronary Gensini score were different between different groups (P<0.05). After
one year follow-up, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, coronary Gensini score, thin-cap fibroatheroma,
length of non-infarcted arterial lesions, non-infarct artery lesion range, myocardial infarction
again, and revascularization again were significantly different between different groups (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
The results mentioned above suggested that pitavastatin combined with ezetimibe was an
effective approach for STEMI patients with non-IRA disease undergoing primary PCI. The results obtained
in this study have provided a novel method for the treatment of STEMI patients with non-IRA
disease undergoing primary PCI.
Berberine Nanoencapsulation Attenuates Hallmarks of Scoplomine Induced Alzheimer's-Like Disease in Rats
Authors: Saleh Samar R. , Abady Mariam M. , Nofal Mohammed , Yassa Nashwa W. , Abdel-Latif Mohamed S. , Nounou Mohamed Ismail , Ghareeb Doaa A. , Abdel-Monaem Nihad 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, acts as a multipotent active
pharmaceutical ingredient to counteract several types of dementia based on its numerous pharmacological
actions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cholesterol-lowering effect, and inhibition
of Aβ production and AChE. However, BBR suffers from poor absorption, bioavailability and
brain drug uptake. The present study is directed for the formulation and characterization of Chitosan
BBR-Nanoparticles (BBR-NPs) as well as the estimation of its neuroprotective effects against scopolamine
induced cognitive impairments.

Methods:
BBR-NPs were formulated using the ionic gelation method, and tripolyphosphate was
chosen as a crosslinker. Nanoparticles size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and releasing
profile were estimated. To investigate the neuroprotective effects, adult fifty-six Wistar male rats
were randomly distributed into three control groups, received saline, polyethylene glycol or Chitosan-
NPs, respectively; induced group, received scopolamine (2 mg/ kg, i.p.) and three treated
groups were orally administrated BBR (50 mg/ kg), BBR- NP (7 mg/ kg) and donepezil (2.25 mg/
kg, as positive control) followed by scopolamine injection after 40 min, daily for 4 weeks. Morris
water maze test, oxidative stress parameters, cholinergic and amyloid-β processing intermediates, as
well as neuroplasticity markers and histopathological examination were assessed.

Results:
Our results showed that BBR- NPs were better than BBR and donepezil as BBR- NPs were
powerful inhibitory ligands towards AChE and Aβ42 formation and significantly down-regulated
Tau, iNOS and BACE gene expression in rats’ hippocampus. BBR-NPs administration, at 1/6 of
BBR therapeutic recommended dose, significantly improved learning and memory function. This
could be accredited to the diminution of oxidative stress and amyloid-β toxicity in addition to the
improvement of the neuroplasticity markers.

Conclusions:
The enhancing effect of BBR- NPs could be related to the enhancing of its bioavailability,
absorption and brain drug uptake, which need more investigation in future work.
Light Alcohol Drinking and the Risk of Cancer Development: A Controversial Relationship
Authors: Caprio Giuseppe G. , Picascia Desiree , Dallio Marcello , Vitiello Pietro P. , Giunta Emilio F. , De Falco Vincenzo , Abenavoli Ludovico , Procopio Anna C. , Famiglietti Vincenzo , Martinelli Erika , Gravina Antonietta G. , Federico Alessandro , Ciardiello Fortunato , Loguercio Carmelina , Ciardiello Davide 
Published: June 2020

Background:
In accordance with the scientific literature heavy alcohol consumption
(>50g per day) represents a risk factor for several diseases development, including cancer. However,
the oncogenic role of light alcohol drinking (<12.5g per day) is still unknown.

Objective:
To assess the scientific knowledge about light alcohol consumption and the risk of malignancy
onset.

Methods:
To collect the scientific evidences regarding this topic the keywords “light alcohol drinking”,
“light alcohol consumption” and “cancer”, were used. Papers published during the last 15
years were analyzed, in order to select the most recent evidence. Meta-analyses with well-defined
levels of alcohol intake were included in the present review. Other studies that focused on biochemical,
molecular and genetic aspects, as well as duplicate articles, were excluded.

:
Furthermore, a possible protective role of light alcohol consumption on the development of bladder,
kidney and ovarian cancer and Non Hodgkin Lymphoma was observed.

Results:
Twenty-nine large, meta-analyses were included in this review. Light alcohol drinking
was not associated with an increased risk of cancer occurrence, with the exception of breast and
prostate cancer and melanoma.

Conclusion:
Light alcohol drinking was not associated with the development of several malignancies,
except for a light increase of melanoma, breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men.
Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sputum Samples by Real-Time PCR
Authors: Shakib Pegah , Zolfaghari Mohammad R. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Conventional laboratory culture-based methods for diagnosis of Streptococcus
pneumoniae are time-consuming and yield false negative results. Molecular methods including
real-time (RT)-PCR rapid methods and conventional PCR due to higher sensitivity and accuracy
have replaced traditional culture assay. The aim of the current study was to evaluate lytA
gene for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the cerebrospinal fluid of human patients
with meningitis using real-time PCR assay.

Material and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 30 clinical specimens were collected
from patients in a period from September to December 2018. In order to evaluate the presence
of lytA gene, conventional and real-time PCR methods were used without culture.

Results:
From 30 sputum samples, five (16.66%) isolates were identified as S. pneumoniae by lytA
PCR and sequencing.

Conclusion:
In this research, an accurate and rapid real-time PCR method was used, which is
based on lytA gene for diagnosis of bacteria. Based on the sequencing results, the sensitivity for the
detection of lytA gene was 100% (5/5).
The Importance of Kidney Medullary Tissue for the Accurate Diagnosis of BK Virus Allograft Nephropathy
Authors: Nankivell Brian J. , Renthawa Jasveen , Shingde Meena , Khan Asrar 
Published: June 2020

Background and objectives
The published tissue adequacy requirement of kidney medulla for BK virus allograft nephropathy diagnosis lacks systematic verification and competes against potential increased procedural risks from deeper sampling.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We evaluated whether the presence of kidney medulla improved the diagnostic rate of BK nephropathy in 2244 consecutive biopsy samples from 856 kidney transplants with detailed histologic and virologic results.

Results
Medulla was present in 821 samples (37%) and correlated with maximal core length (r=0.35; P<0.001). BK virus allograft nephropathy occurred in 74 (3% overall) but increased to 5% (42 of 821) with medulla compared with 2% (32 of 1423) for cortical samples (P<0.001). Biopsy medulla was associated with infection after comprehensive multivariable adjustment of confounders, including core length, glomerular number, and number of cores (adjusted odds ratio, 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 3.21; P=0.04). In viremic cases (n=275), medulla was associated with BK virus nephropathy diagnosis (39% versus 19% for cortex; P<0.001) and tissue polyomavirus load (Banff polyomavirus score 0.64±0.96 versus 0.33±1.00; P=0.006). Biopsy medulla was associated with BK virus allograft nephropathy using generalized estimating equation (odds ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 3.96; n=275) and propensity matched score comparison (odds ratio, 2.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 4.54; P=0.03 for 156 balanced pairs). Morphometric evaluation of Simian virus 40 large T immunohistochemistry found maximal infected tubules within the inner cortex and medullary regions (P<0.001 versus outer cortex).

Conclusions
Active BK virus replication concentrated around the corticomedullary junction can explain the higher detection rates for BK virus allograft nephropathy with deep sampling. The current adequacy requirement specifying targeting medulla can be justified to minimize a missed diagnosis from undersampling.
Family Strength Model dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Ketangguhan Keluarga di Situasi Krisis
Authors: Pertiwi Ratih Eka , Syakarofath Nandy 
Published: June 2020

Situasi krisis yang tidak terduga seperti adanya pandemi Covid-19 ini mempengaruhi berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia. Tidak dapat dipungkiri situasi ini dapat mengancam ketangguhan keluarga. Di sisi lain, keluarga merupakan sumber dukungan sosial yang sangat kuat untuk menghadapi situasi krisis. Psikoedukasi berbasis Family Strength Model dapat digunakan untuk mendorong kemampuan keluarga dalam menjaga ketangguhan keluarga di situasi krisis. Program psikoedukasi dilakukan dengan media daring sebagai bentuk yang dirasa efektif dan efisien dalam menjembatani imbauan untuk melaksanakan physical distancing. Unpredictable crisis as Covid-19 pandemic situation may affect the way people live their life. It can be threatening factor for family strength. On the other hand, family is powerful resource of social support to face any difficulties during crisis. Psychoeducation based on Family Strength Model used to encourage family strength in this situation. Online psychoeducation program was effective and efficient method to do due to physical distancing restriction.
Keragaman Spesies Vektor Japanese encephalitis di Sekitar Kandang Babi Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Riandi Muhammad Umar , Wahono Tri , Ipa Mara , Hendri Joni , Subangkit Subangkit 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that has pigs as the amplifying host. It is important to study the diversity of mosquito species around pig populations to determine the potential of Japanese encephalitis vectors in the region. This study is a cross-sectional study with a single sampling method for adult mosquitoes around pigpen in Tangerang Regency. The capture of adult mosquitoes is carried out by the outdoor resting mosquitoes collection at 18:00 - 24:00 using aspirators and light traps. Female mosquitoes were identified and subsequently tested RT-PCR for JEV. Catching results obtained 223 mosquitoes from the genus Culex, Armigeres, Aedes, Anopheles, and Mansonia with a total of 10 species. Species diversity in the pigpen area is classified as moderate (H = 1.0875 – 1.292) with Culex vishnui and Culex quinquefasciatus as the most abundant species. RT-PCR test found there’s no mosquito’s samples with positive JE RNA virus. Several species of mosquitoes found around pigpens in Tangerang District have the potential to become JEV vectors, so that control to the mosquito abundance and health of pigs is needed as a preventative measure.
Keywords: Diversity, Japanese encephalitis, pig, vector

Abstrak. Japanese encephalitis merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk dan babi sebagai inang penguat. Studi keanekaragaman jenis nyamuk di sekitar populasi babi penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi vektor Japanese encephalitis pada wilayah tersebut. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang dengan metode sampling tunggal terhadap nyamuk dewasa sekitar kandang babi di Kabupaten Tangerang. Penangkapan nyamuk dewasa dilakukan dengan metode koleksi outdoor resting pada malam hari pukul 18.00 – 24.00 menggunakan aspirator dan perangkap cahaya. Nyamuk betina diidentifikasi dan selanjutnya diuji RT-PCR virus JE. Hasil penangkapan didapatkan 700 ekor nyamuk dari genus Culex, Armigeres, Aedes, Anopheles, dan Mansonia dengan total 10 spesies. Keanekaragaman spesies pada seluruh wilayah penelitian tergolong sedang (H=1,0875 – 1,292) dengan Culex vishnui dan Culex quinquefasciatus sebagai spesies paling melimpah. Uji RT-PCR tidak menemukan adanya sampel nyamuk positif RNA virus JE. Beberapa spesies nyamuk yang ditemukan di sekitar kandang babi di Kecamatan Panongan memiliki potensi sebagai vektor JEV sehingga diperlukan pengendalian kepadatan nyamuk dan kesehatan ternak babi terhadap JEV sebagai upaya pencegahan.
Kata Kunci: Keanekaragaman, Japanese encephalitis, babi, vektor