bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rb
+
–Rb collision rate in the energy range of 103–104 K
Authors: Li Xiao-Kang , Zhang Dian-Cheng , Lv Shuang-Fei , Liu Jin-Yun , Jia Feng-Dong , Lin Xiao-He , Li Rui , Wu Yong , Xu Xiang-Yuan , Xue Ping , Liu Xiao-Jing , Zhong Zhi-Ping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We study both theoretically and experimentally the energy dependence of the low-energy Rb+–Rb total collision rate k
ia in the energy range from 103 to 104 K. We calculate the integral elastic cross-section and the resonant charge-transfer cross-section by the quantum mechanical molecular orbital close-coupling method, and then obtain k
ia for temperatures by averaging the cross-sections over a Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution. The experiments are conducted in an ion–neutral hybrid trap, where the Rb+ ions are created by photo-ionization of the cold atoms in a magneto-optic trap (MOT) and accumulated in the linear Paul ion trap. The total ion–atom collision rate k
ia is measured by monitoring the fluorescence reduction of the steady-state MOT atoms by sequentially introducing photo-ionization and ion–atom collisions. The ion–atom collision energy E
col ≈ T
i is modified by changing T
i due to T
i being more than six orders of magnitude larger than the T
a of cold atoms. The temperature of ions T
i is obtained by comparing the time-of-flight mass spectrometry of Rb+ from experimental results to that obtained by SIMION simulation. The equilibrium steady T
i is modified by changing the initial root-mean-squared position of the ion cloud, and the k
ia are measured with E
col from 8000 to 16 000 K. Both the theoretical and experimental results show that k
ia increases with E
col. More specifically, the measured k
ia increases rapidly with the enlargement of E
col near 10 000 K. The theoretical calculation results show that k
ia increases slowly with E
col. The specific difference may be due to the influence of the ratio of excited states f
e on the trend of k
ia at different E
col.
Electric field control of ordered oxygen vacancy planes and antiferromagnetic structures in strontium cobaltite
Authors: Cui Bin , Huan Yu , Hu Jifan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The polarized ionic liquids (ILs) could generate intense electric fields on the surface of solid-state materials and create functional defects by ion migration within them, resulting in phase transitions of metal–insulator or paramagnet–ferromagnet, etc. Such a strong electric field even provides an opportunity for the control of spin ordering in antiferromagnetic (AFM) crystal which is difficult to be manipulated due to the strong exchange coupling between antiparallel spins in the whole bulk. Here we find that the ferromagnetic SrCoO3 of 40 nm could be transformed to AFM SrCoO2.5 with ordered oxygen vacancy planes either vertical (V-SrCoO2.5) or parallel (P-SrCoO2.5) to the surface by IL gating. The spin Hall magnetoresistances suggest that the AFM easy axes of V- and P-SrCoO2.5 are along [010] and

1

1

¯

0

, respectively. The orientations of gating induced oxygen vacancy planes are related to the oxygen framework rotation in the parent SrCoO3 and could be controlled by the strain engineering. Our results not only supply a novel way to manipulate the AFM spins by creating functional ordered defects, but also reveal the effect of oxygen framework rotation on the formation of oxygen vacancies under ionic liquid gating.
Charged domains in ferroelectric, polycrystalline yttrium manganite thin films resolved with scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Rayapati Venkata Rao , Bürger Danilo , Du Nan , Kowol Cornelia , Blaschke Daniel , Stöcker Hartmut , Matthes Patrick , Patra Rajkumar , Skorupa Ilona , Schulz Stefan E , Schmidt Heidemarie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We have investigated ferroelectric charged domains in polycrystalline hexagonal yttrium manganite thin films (Y1Mn1O3, Y0.95Mn1.05O3, Y1Mn0.99Ti0.01O3, and Y0.94Mn1.05Ti0.01O3) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in secondary electron emission mode with a small acceleration voltage. Using SEM at an acceleration voltage of 1.0 kV otherwise homogenous surface charging effects are reduced, polarization charges can be observed and polarization directions (±Pz) of the ferroelectric domains in the polycrystalline thin films can be identified. Thin films of different chemical composition have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition on Pt/SiO2/Si structures under otherwise same growth conditions. Using SEM it has been shown that different charged domain density networks are existing in polycrystalline yttrium manganite thin films.
A dynamical model for fractal and compact growth in supercooled systems
Authors: Chan Ho-Kei , Dierking Ingo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A dynamical model that can exhibit both fractal percolation growth and compact circular growth is presented. At any given cluster size, the dimension of a cluster growing on a two-dimensional square lattice depends on the ratio between the rates of two probabilistic processes, namely (i) the aggregation of lattice sites into the growing cluster and (ii) the relaxation of lattice sites into those available for potential aggregation. The proposed model approaches the limit of two-dimensional invasion percolation if the aggregation process is much faster than the relaxation process, and it approaches Eden’s model for compact circular growth if the relaxation process is much faster than the aggregation process. Experimental examples of the fractal-growth regime include the percolation-like growth of bent-core smectics and calamitic smectics, where such fractal growth is attributed to the slow relaxation of molecules in a viscous supercooled medium.
Scoring functions for drug-effect similarity
Authors: Struckmann Stephan , Ernst Mathias , Fischer Sarah , Mah Nancy , Fuellen Georg , Möller Steffen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Motivation
The difficulty to find new drugs and bring them to the market has led to an increased interest to find new applications for known compounds. Biological samples from many disease contexts have been extensively profiled by transcriptomics, and, intuitively, this motivates to search for compounds with a reversing effect on the expression of characteristic disease genes. However, disease effects may be cell line-specific and also depend on other factors, such as genetics and environment. Transcription profile changes between healthy and diseased cells relate in complex ways to profile changes gathered from cell lines upon stimulation with a drug. Despite these differences, we expect that there will be some similarity in the gene regulatory networks at play in both situations. The challenge is to match transcriptomes for both diseases and drugs alike, even though the exact molecular pathology/pharmacogenomics may not be known.

Results
We substitute the challenge to match a drug effect to a disease effect with the challenge to match a drug effect to the effect of the same drug at another concentration or in another cell line. This is welldefined, reproducible in vitro and in silico and extendable with external data. Based on the Connectivity Map (CMap) dataset, we combined 26 different similarity scores with six different heuristics to reduce the number of genes in the model. Such gene filters may also utilize external knowledge e.g. from biological networks. We found that no similarity score always outperforms all others for all drugs, but the Pearson correlation finds the same drug with the highest reliability. Results are improved by filtering for highly expressed genes and to a lesser degree for genes with large fold changes. Also a network-based reduction of contributing transcripts was beneficial, here implemented by the FocusHeuristics. We found no drop in prediction accuracy when reducing the whole transcriptome to the set of 1000 landmark genes of the CMap’s successor project Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures. All source code to re-analyze and extend the CMap data, the source code of heuristics, filters and their evaluation are available to propel the development of new methods for drug repurposing.

Availability
https://bitbucket.org/ibima/moldrugeffectsdb

Contact
steffen.moeller@uni-rostock.de

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Briefings in Bioinformatics online.
Reducing Antibiotic Use in Ambulatory Care Through Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Smith Emily R , Fry Alicia M , Hicks Lauri A , Fleming-Dutra Katherine E , Flannery Brendan , Ferdinands Jill , Rolfes Melissa A , Martin Emily T , Monto Arnold S , Zimmerman Richard K , Nowalk Mary Patricia , Jackson Michael L , McLean Huong Q , Olson Scott C , Gaglani Manjusha , Patel Manish M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Improving appropriate antibiotic use is crucial for combating antibiotic resistance and unnecessary adverse drug reactions. Acute respiratory illness (ARI) commonly causes outpatient visits and accounts for ~41% of antibiotics used in the United States. We examined the influence of influenza vaccination on reducing antibiotic prescriptions among outpatients with ARI.

Methods
We enrolled outpatients aged ≥6 months with ARI from 50–60 US clinics during 5 winters (2013–2018) and tested for influenza with RT-PCR; results were unavailable for clinical decision making and clinical influenza testing was infrequent. We collected antibiotic prescriptions and diagnosis codes for ARI syndromes. We calculated vaccine effectiveness (VE) by comparing vaccination odds among influenza-positive cases with test-negative controls. We estimated ARI visits and antibiotic prescriptions averted by influenza vaccination using estimates of VE, coverage, and prevalence of antibiotic prescriptions and influenza.

Results
Among 37 487 ARI outpatients, 9659 (26%) were influenza positive. Overall, 36% of ARI and 26% of influenza-positive patients were prescribed antibiotics. The top 3 prevalent ARI syndromes included: viral upper respiratory tract infection (47%), pharyngitis (18%), and allergy or asthma (11%). Among patients testing positive for influenza, 77% did not receive an ICD-CM diagnostic code for influenza. Overall, VE against influenza-associated ARI was 35% (95% CI, 32–39%). Vaccination prevented 5.6% of all ARI syndromes, ranging from 2.8% (sinusitis) to 11% (clinical influenza). Influenza vaccination averted 1 in 25 (3.8%; 95% CI, 3.6–4.1%) antibiotic prescriptions among ARI outpatients during influenza seasons.

Conclusions
Vaccination and accurate influenza diagnosis may curb unnecessary antibiotic use and reduce the global threat of antibiotic resistance.
Rotavirus Vaccine Is Effective Against Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Resulting in Outpatient Care: Results From the Medically Attended Acute Gastroenteritis (MAAGE) Study
Authors: Burke Rachel M , Groom Holly C , Naleway Allison L , Katz Eric M , Salas Bianca , Mattison Claire P , Donald Judy , Tsaknaridis Laura , Biggs Christianne , Bowen Michael D , Tate Jacqueline E , Parashar Umesh D , Schmidt Mark , Hall Aron J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Rotavirus is a common cause of severe pediatric acute gastroenteritis. Two vaccines are licensed in the United States and have demonstrated high effectiveness against moderate to severe disease. However, fewer data are available on rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE) against milder disease.

Methods
We leveraged active surveillance data from Kaiser Permanente Northwest to calculate rotavirus VE against medically attended rotavirus illness among age-eligible children. We utilized a test-negative case-control design and applied 4 distinct case definitions based on reverse transcription–quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test results. VE was calculated as 100 × (1 − odds ratio), and models were adjusted for age group.

Results
The VE analysis population comprised 842 children, 799 (95%) of whom had mild disease requiring at most a clinic visit and 698 (83%) of whom were fully vaccinated against rotavirus. Age-adjusted VE was 70% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37–86%) against disease defined solely by qRT-PCR results, 72% (95% CI, 31–89%) against disease as defined by qRT-PCR with a quantification cycle (C q ) value &lt;27, 73% (95% CI, 32–90%) against disease that was qRT-PCR positive but EIA negative, and 62% (95% CI, –20–88%) against disease defined solely by EIA. Results were similar when restricting to disease resulting in at most an ambulatory clinic or emergency department visit.

Conclusions
These results support the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in protecting US children from mild to moderate and severe disease. Our findings are also useful to show the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination against qRT-PCR–defined illness.
Responding to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Singapore: Staff Protection and Staff Temperature and Sickness Surveillance Systems
Authors: Htun Htet Lin , Lim Dwee Wee , Kyaw Win Mar , Loh Wan-Ning Janis , Lee Lay Tin , Ang Brenda , Chow Angela 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) in Singapore has routinely fit-tested staff for high-filtration N95 respirators and established Web-based staff surveillance systems. The routine systems were enhanced in response to Singapore’s first imported COVID-19 case on 23 January 2020.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study from 23 January to 23 February 2020 among healthcare workers to evaluate the effectiveness of the staff protection and surveillance strategy in TTSH, a 1600-bed multidisciplinary acute-care hospital colocated with the 330-bed National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID). As of 23 February 2020, TTSH/NCID has managed 76% of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Singapore. The hospital adopted a multipronged approach to protect and monitor staff with potential COVID-19 exposures: (1) risk-based personal protective equipment, (2) staff fever and sickness surveillance, and (3) enhanced medical surveillance of unwell staff.ResultsA total of 10 583 staff were placed on hospitalwide fever and sickness surveillance, with 1524 frontline staff working in COVID-19 areas under close surveillance. Among frontline staff, a median of 8 staff illness episodes was seen per day; almost 10% (n = 29) resulted in hospitalization. None of the staff was found to be infected with COVID-19.ConclusionsA robust staff protection and health surveillance system that is routinely implemented during non–outbreak periods and enhanced during the COVID-19 outbreak is effective in protecting frontline staff from the infection.
Time and the Rise of China
Authors: Edelstein David M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
How do various temporal dynamics affect international politics? Time has been gaining more attention in recent years in the literature on politics, generally, and international relations, more specifically, but no effort has been made systematically to apply these insights to the case of power transitions. This article explores how four different factors—time horizons, timing, sequencing, and trajectories—influence the way that states behave, specifically in the context of power transitions. Each of these dynamics contributes to a richer understanding of the nature of great power cooperation and competition. For each of these four dynamics, the article lays out the logic of what each uniquely adds to the existing literature on power transitions and then demonstrates the logic by drawing on the historical record of power transitions. Then, the article examines a variety of factors at the individual, state, and systemic level that might influence how each of these temporal dynamics unfolds. Throughout, the article comments on implications of the argument for contemporary relations between the United States and China.
Faecal immunochemical test to triage patients with abdominal symptoms for suspected colorectal cancer in primary care: review of international use and guidelines
Authors: van Melle Marije , Yep Manzano Samir I S , Wilson Hugh , Hamilton Willie , Walter Fiona M , Bailey Sarah E R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Recently, faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) have been introduced for investigation of primary care patients with low-risk symptoms of colorectal cancer (CRC), but recommendations vary across the world. This systematic review of clinical practice guidelines aimed to determine how FITs are used in symptomatic primary care patients and the underpinning evidence for these guidelines.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase and TRIP databases were systematically searched, from 1 November 2008 to 1 November 2018 for guidelines on the assessment of patients with symptoms suggestive of CRC. Known guideline databases, websites and references of related literature were searched. The following questions were addressed: (i) which countries use FIT for symptomatic primary care patients; (ii) in which populations is FIT used; (iii) what is the cut-off level used for haemoglobin in the faeces (FIT) and (iv) on what evidence are FIT recommendations based.

Results
The search yielded 2433 publications; 25 covered initial diagnostic assessment of patients with symptoms of CRC in 15 countries (Asia, n = 1; Europe, n = 13; Oceania, n = 4; North America, n = 5; and South America, n = 2). In three countries (Australia, Spain and the UK), FIT was recommended for patients with abdominal symptoms, unexplained weight loss, change in bowel habit or anaemia despite a low level of evidence in the symptomatic primary care patient population.

Conclusions
Few countries recommend FITs in symptomatic patients in primary care either because of limited evidence or because symptomatic patients are directly referred to secondary care without triage. These results demonstrate a clear need for research on FIT in the symptomatic primary care population.
Deletion of the trehalose tps1 gene in Kluyveromyces lactis does not impair growth in glucose
Authors: Gomes Antonio M V , Orlandi Ana Carolina A L , Parachin Nádia S 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide composed of two α-glucose molecules and synthesized by an enzyme complex containing four subunits TPS1 (EC 2.4.1.15), TPS2 (EC 3.1.3.12), TPS3 and TSL1. First reports about trehalose classified this sugar as an energy reserve compound like glycogen. However, lately, trehalose is known to assist yeast cells during heat, osmotic and starvation stresses. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the deletion of the tps1 encoding gene eliminated the yeast ability to grow on glucose as the sole carbon source. Kluyveromyces lactis is a yeast present in various dairy products and is currently utilized for the synthesis of more than 40 industrial heterologous products. In this study, the deletion of the tps1 gene in K. lactis showed that unlike S. cerevisiae, tps1 gene disruption does not cause growth failure in glucose, galactose, or fructose. The µMAX rate values of K. lactis tps1Δ strains were equal than the non-disrupted strains, showing that the gene deletion does not affect the yeast growth. After gene disruption, the absence of trehalose into the metabolism of K. lactis was also confirmed.
Shallow elasticity structure from colocated pressure and seismic stations in the Piñon Flat Observatory and estimation of Vs30
Authors: Tanimoto Toshiro , Wang Jiong 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYAn algorithm developed in Tanimoto & Wang for deriving shallow elasticity structure from colocated pressure and seismic instruments is applied to data at nine stations in the Piñon Flat Observatory (PFO) in Southern California. Depth resolution kernels indicate that this approach can recover near-surface shear-modulus structure in the upper 50–100 m of the Earth. Our estimate for Vs30 at the closest station (BPH01) agrees with an independent result by Yong et al. which was based on an active source survey with a geophone array. Vs30 derived from the borehole S-wave speed model by Fletcher et al. also agrees with estimates at nearby locations, considering the size of uncertainties. Derived structures are much smoother than their models, however. This is because our method analyses slow quasi-static deformation of the solid Earth in the frequency range 0.005–0.05 Hz that inherently limits depth resolution. Lack of detailed variations in structures does not seem to be the problem for estimating Vs30 as Vs30 is an averaged quantity from the upper 30 m of the Earth. Also our estimates are not affected by different choices of frequency range in the inversion. However, our method may have some difficulty at stiff, hard-rock sites because ground deformation caused by surface pressure can become small and the key observables in our method, the ratios between seismic amplitude and surface pressure change, become difficult to measure accurately.
New era of trophoblast research: integrating morphological and molecular approaches
Authors: Io Shingo , Kondoh Eiji , Chigusa Yoshitsugu , Kawasaki Kaoru , Mandai Masaki , Yamada and Shigehito 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany pregnancy complications are the result of dysfunction in the placenta. The pathogenic mechanisms of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications, however, are unclear. Abnormal placental development in these conditions begins in the first trimester, but no symptoms are observed during this period. To elucidate effective preventative treatments, understanding the differentiation and development of human placenta is crucial. This review elucidates the uniqueness of the human placenta in early development from the aspect of structural characteristics and molecular markers. We summarise the morphogenesis of human placenta based on human specimens and then compile molecular markers that have been clarified by immunostaining and RNA-sequencing data across species. Relevant studies were identified using the PubMed database and Google Scholar search engines up to March 2020. All articles were independently screened for eligibility by the authors based on titles and abstracts. In particular, the authors carefully examined literature on human placentation. This review integrates the development of human placentation from morphological approaches in comparison with other species and provides new insights into trophoblast molecular markers. The morphological features of human early placentation are described in Carnegie stages (CS), from CS3 (floating blastocyst) to CS9 (emerging point of tertiary villi). Molecular markers are described for each type of trophoblast involved in human placental development. We summarise the character of human trophoblast cell lines and explain how long-term culture system of human cytotrophoblast, both monolayer and spheroid, established in recent studies allows for the generation of human trophoblast cell lines. Due to differences in developmental features among species, it is desirable to understand early placentation in humans. In addition, reliable molecular markers that reflect normal human trophoblast are needed to advance trophoblast research. In the clinical setting, these markers can be valuable means for morphologically and functionally assessing placenta-mediated pregnancy complications and provide early prediction and management of these diseases.