bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective ways to reduce leaching and formation of efflorescence on structures
Authors: Rudnov V S , Belyakov V A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Corrosion of the first kind (leaching) is the process of dissolution and removal to the surface of the structure of calcium hydroxide salts mainly under the action of a constant diffuse flow of water through a multi – level porous structure of the concrete composite. Technological methods to prevent the formation and reduction of efflorescence (leaching) when used in practice, improve durability of building structures and reduce operating costs. The paper explores the possibility of reduction or complete elimination of efflorescence on the surface of building structures due to the impact on calcium hydroxide in the composition of the Portland cement.
Oil-treated gravel road pavements
Authors: Vasilovskaya G , Yakshina A , Yanaev E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The following paper presents results of research carried out on oiled gravel aggregate. In Russia, the oil-treated aggregate mixture is called “loose-bound organic-mineral mixture” (hereinafter abbreviated as LOM). The aim of the research was to explore the possibility of using oil waste products and their heavy residues generated during oil transportation as a binder in oil-treated gravel aggregate or LOM. Currently, this waste is not used anywhere, it is widely burned, polluting the environment. Studies were carried out using Infra-red spectroscopy of samples of the original oil waste, heavy residues of oil waste and road oil bitumen of BND 90/130 quality type. The fractional composition of oil wastes and their heavy residues was studied during their distillation by heating to a temperature of +335 °C. It was found that for preparing LOM it is more effective to use oil residues. The number of LOM compositions samples were prepared and their main physical and mechanical indicators were determined. Based on the tests, it was concluded that the residues of oil waste can be used as a binder in the composition of LOM such as oil-treated gravel.
Structure-forming role and properties of phosphogypsum in unburned technology of wall materials and rare-earth metals concentrate simultaneous production
Authors: Zolotukhin S N , Kukina O B , Barabash D E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the theoretical aspects of the processes of structure formation of composites in the non-fired technology for producing building wall materials with the simultaneous extraction of a concentrate of non-radioactive rare-earth metals from phosphogypsum. The object of research is phosphogypsum – an environmentally-adverse chemical waste that accumulates in dumps over the years. The research results are illustrated with the X-ray fluorescence method, differential thermal calorimetry and spectrometry of the properties of phosphogypsum: radioactivity, chemical composition, dehydration energy, content of non-radioactive rare-earth metals. The effect of dehydration energy and pressure on the strength of the resulting building material is established. A flow chart of energy-saving non-firing technology for the direct production of wall materials with the simultaneous extraction of a rare-earth metal concentrate from phosphogypsum is presented. It has been shown that phosphogypsum can be used as a building material without radioactivity restrictions. It is proved that phosphogypsum exhibits astringent properties that provide annealing-free production of wall materials with the simultaneous extraction of a rare-earth metal concentrate. This technology allows for the selection of strategically important rare-earth metals from phosphogypsum while reducing the cost of production of wall materials by 2 - 3 times.
Study of micromycete destructive power in gypsum and polymeric binding composite construction materials
Authors: Matveeva L , Pakhtinov V , Tikhonov Yu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Analyzing fungus resistance of gypsum and organic composites is extremely important since fungi may both lead to deterioration in mechanical and operational properties of construction materials and adversely affect people’s health, including development of chronic diseases. We study fungus resistance and fungicidity characteristics of popular finishing gypsum and organic (epoxy- and polyester-based) composites. Plaster materials get exposed to micromycete biocorrosion faster than the ones based on a polymeric binding. Micromycetes adapt on plaster samples quicker than on epoxy and polyester samples. During their metabolism, micromycetes intensively allocate acid products on plaster samples, their high enzymatic activity is also noticed on polymeric materials.
Synthesis of high alumina cement based on metallurgy wastes
Authors: Krivoborodov Yu , Samchenko S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper efficient types of binders – high alumina cements are considered. The shortage of industrial alumina and its high cost constrain the development of high-aluminate cements production. Waste from a number of metallurgical industries can be used as raw materials for their production. The aim of the investigation was to study the influence of metallurgical waste on the mineral formation of aluminate clinker and the properties of cement based on it. As a replacement of industrial alumina, dust of gas cleaning plants of aluminum electrolysis and slag of ferroalloys production were used. Aluminate clinkers were obtained in a laboratory furnace at a temperature of 1200-14000 °C. Mineral composition of clinkers was studied using chemical analysis, XRD and optical microscopy. The cements were obtained by grinding clinkers in a laboratory mill, then they tested for strength at the age of 28 days. It was established that the chemical and phase composition of dust allows to use it as a raw component in the production of high alumina cement. The investigations showed that the properties of alumina cement based on slag ferrovanadium production improved. Hydration activity of cement increases especially in the early period of its hydration.
Determining service life of non-ballast track based on calculation and test
Authors: Savin A V , Korolev V V , Shishkina I V 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAt the Test Loop of JSC VNIIZHT there have been finished unique testing of non-ballast track in a volume 1.1 milliard tones gross of passed tonnage. The calculation-test method for service life definition of non-ballast track at high-speed track is presented under test results on the Test Loop. Taking into account operation conditions at the high-speed track 176.6 kN on axle the speed is 300 km/h and working capacity is 30 mln. t gross, the passed tonnage will make up 2270.4 mln. t. gross or 75.7 years of service. The authors developed a calculation-test method, which allows predicting for a good reason a service life of innovate track construction upon the calculation and accelerated test results on a closed polygon. The article provides a way to forecast the behaviour of various track constructions in advanced operation conditions that are not yet created according to the results of tests on the Test Loop. The reasonably calculated service life of a non-ballast track makes it possible to objectively compare it with the payback period, thus determining the expediency of its construction at the testing stage.
Calculation of road clothes by elastic deflection criteria taking into account damage to asphalt concrete
Authors: Chusov V V , Aleksandrova N P , Ignatov V F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the article the analysis of methods of calculating non-rigid road pavements according to the criterion of elastic deflection. The possibility of using different solutions (Burmister, Korsunsky, Ivanov, etc.) to calculate the deflection of layers of monolithic and granular materials is evaluated. Based on this analysis, the formulas for calculating the equivalent modulus of elasticity of a two-layer system, the upper layer of which is made of monolithic or granular material, are recommended. The authors made the modification of formulas for calculating the deflection of asphalt concrete layers and the equivalent modulus of elasticity on their surface. The modification was made by introducing into the calculated dependences a scalar quantity, called damage. To calculate the damage, the principle of equivalence of deformations is recommended, in which the damage is determined using the relations of elastic modules of the damaged and solid body. To calculate the elastic modulus of the damaged body, a functional dependence on the number of loads was obtained.
Combined roasting of raw materials modified by additives-intensifiers in form of low humidity sludge
Authors: Averina G F , Koshelev V A , Kramar L Y 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article describes the method of obtaining magnesium oxychloride cement for construction purposes. The study describes the possibility of introducing additives that intensify the process of burning magnesium-containing raw materials in the form of an aqueous solution to obtain a sludge of low humidity. The advantages of this method are described in comparison with the known method of wet granulation of ground raw material with an aqueous solution of the additive. A two-factor experiment was carried out to identify the optimal grain size of the raw material. The dependences of the change in the strength characteristics of a magnesium stone on the amount of the intensifier additive and the fractional composition of the modified raw material are described. The optimal area of the applied fraction and the amount of the additive, allowing one to obtain a magnesium stone with maximum compressive strength, has been established. The authors investigate the tendency of all samples to the formation of cracks. The reasons for the use of grain size outside the established range negatively affecting the quality of the magnesium oxychloride cement obtained are suggested.
Study of high-strength steel fiber concrete strength characteristics under elevated temperatures using mathematical modelling methods
Authors: Konopatskiy E V , Mashtaler S N , Bezditnyi A A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article presents the study of the various factors influence on the high-strength steel fiber concrete strength characteristics using a mathematical model that was obtained on the basis of experimental data. At the same time, the steel-fiber concrete reinforcement, the scale factor, the temperature and the duration of heating are related to the factors under study. A fundamental approach to building a model is to use exponential functions. This function allows to move from the product of the studied factors to their sum, which greatly simplifies the further use of the dependencies obtained in engineering practice. Separately, it should be noted that one of the studied factors (the duration of exposure to temperatures) is set by the result of its impact on the final response function. That is, taking into account the destructive processes in the structure of concrete with short-term heating and structural – with long-term. In addition, the optimization of the proposed mathematical model is performed, as a result of which it is established that the maximum values of the strength of the steel fiber concrete is achieved at the values of the percentage of reinforcement of HSFRC.
Application of oil-products-containing water treatment sludge in wall ceramics production
Authors: Starostina I V , Shevtsova R G , Starostina Yu L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article presents the research findings concerning the usage of carbon-containing water treatment sludge of test solutions, containing emulsified oil products, in raw charge for wall ceramics production. For removing oil products kieselghur sludge was used, generated at the refined vegetable oil production at winterization stage (removing waxes and waxlike substances), thermally modified at temperature 450°C. Water treatment sludge is characterized with organo-mineral composition. It was determined that baking ceramic samples with water treatment sludge at temperature 950°C causes the oxidation of oil products with the formation of gaseous products CO, H2O and CO2, which makes ceramic materials’ structure porous, which in its turn reduces their density and improves their heating-performance characteristics. The presence of organic substances in the charge for ceramic materials creates favorable thermodynamic conditions for iron oxides reducing reactions, which contribute to the formation of low-temperature silicate melt and intensify the samples’ baking process. The wall ceramics products, obtained with the use of water treatment sludge, can be used as construction material and heat-insulating material in enclosing structures and at internal partitions installation.
Computer simulation of special tomographic defectoscopy
Authors: Zerkal S M , Kislenko N P , Kornatskiy V Yu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper proposes an algorithm for the reconstruction of the defect of the product on the basis of non-destructive testing, based on the use of a reference sample of the studied object. It solves the two-dimensional problem of industrial tomography, which consists in the restoration of the image of the defect based on the use of a reference sample. Assuming that inside the object there is a defect of a flat elongated structure, the width of which is much smaller than the diameter of the object, it becomes possible to implement a fairly economical algorithm for defect reconstruction, taking into account only those elements of the projection matrix that correspond to the rays, which significantly pass through the defect.
Modifying non-autoclaved foamed concrete technology on the magnesia cement with crystal starter seed infusion
Authors: Averina G F , Zhivtcova R A , Kovaleva O I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the capability of non-autoclaved foamed concrete quality improvement by entrained mixture additives infusion into structure, which are the active centres of the basic phases magnesia stone crystal yielding. Two factor experiment of optimal concentration proportioning was conducted and finished by plotting graphic diagrams. The paper studies the basic mechanical characteristics of designed foamed concrete while conducting the experiment. We revealed a positive effect of crystallizing centres infusion on the speed of taking bearing power and resistance of modifying mixture. The paper studies the phase structure of hardened magnesia stone and determined the effect of the basic structure-forming minerals composition on the strength characteristics of foamed concrete on its foundation, along with the exploitation samples characteristics of optimized composition.
Wall panels for agricultural and industrial buildings
Authors: Gorin N I , Ryabchun S A , Kulik O G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The authors develop a new construction, manufacturing technology and method of calculating three-layer wall panels with heat-insulating packages embedded in a contour frame of lightweight concrete for agricultural and industrial buildings. The proposed technical solution gives the wall panels a number of significant distinguishing properties: the outer and inner plates of the heat-insulating package of the panel along the contour are embedded in the monolithic reinforced concrete frame; a layer of insulation is embedded in the contour frame, which ensures a decrease in its thermal conductivity; embedding of plates and insulation in the contour frame minimizes the labor capacity of the elements connection; placing a layer of insulation between two pre-made plates.
Study of strength characteristics of earthen cloth of roads in south of Russia
Authors: Aleksikov S V , Leskin A I , Gofman D I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The influence of humidity and density of clay soil on its strength characteristics is studied in this paper. It is proved that increase in density of a roadbed allows one to increase bearing capacity of the soil basis and reduce thickness of road designs. The effective solution of increase in reliability of roadbed and decrease in its thickness is the increased consolidation of soil of the top part of embankment that will allow reducing the design maximum humidity of a roadbed and increase strength characteristics of the soil basis. Statistical dependencies of physicomechanical properties of roadbed soil on its humidity and density in the conditions of the South of Russia are determined. Calculation formulas for structural design of roadbed are recommended.
Calculation of circular plates with assuming shear deformations
Authors: Tyukalov Yu Ya 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The problem of calculating circular plates by the finite element method taking into account shear deformations is considered. Transverse forces can be approximated by constant or piecewise constant functions. The necessary relations for triangular finite elements are obtained. It is shown that the proposed method can be used in combination with traditional finite elements for thin plates obtained by the finite element method in displacements. A comparison of the solutions obtained by the proposed method with other known solutions for circular plates regarding shear is given. It is shown that displacements from shear deformations are determined independently of displacements associated with bending. The obtained results demonstrate the convergence of the solution to the exact one when grinding the finite element mesh and good accuracy for considering shear deformations.
Possibility of using super-thin liquid thermal insulation for protection of steel beams embedded in brick wall exterior under building reconstruction
Authors: Polyakov V G , Chesnokova O G , Cherednichenko T F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article presents the results of calculations on changing the thermophysical properties of the connectivity node of the outer wall and the balcony plate resting on the cantilever fixed steel beams. A variant of insulation of steel beams with super-thin liquid insulation under the reconstruction of existing brick buildings with single-layer brick walls is proposed. The graphical analysis of the problem was carried out. The results of calculations of temperature with linear thermophysical properties show that the method of steel beams insulation within the conditions of reconstruction of residential buildings makes it possible to increase the building life. When using super-thin thermal insulation coatings, it is possible to reduce the local freezing of the balcony plate.
Low-cycle fatigue of concrete with alternating loads
Authors: Pinus B I , Kustov A S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article deals with issues related to the assessment of fatigue effects during alternating effects of the external environment. The results of an experimental statistical analysis of the strength, deformability and resistance energy of concrete after 100 cycles of variable tension in the differential range are given. Strength and modulus of concrete elasticity is established as an index relatively stable in magnitude and density of distribution. Also, significant changes in the structure, size and distribution of ultimate deformations and their components are found. To the greatest extent, this relates to the potential for plastic deformation, which is confirmed by the drop in the damping capacity and the brittle nature of concrete destruction.
Compressed tube-concrete elements with the high-strength compression core and with fibreglass shell
Authors: Krishan A L , Narkevich M Yu , Sagadatov A I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of the work was to assess the strength and deformability of compressed concrete elements with a core of high-strength self-stressing concrete, with strength grade of concrete C80 and fibreglass shell. The concrete core was carried out both with spiral reinforcement of the concrete core and without it. The methodology for testing two series of samples of compressed tube-concrete elements for central compression is described. Comparative data on the breaking load of both series of samples, as well as graphs of relative deformations in the axial and circumferential directions depending on the relative loading levels are presented. It was experimentally established that the presence of spiral reinforcement for 1.8% increased the strength of compressed concrete elements by 9% and increased the effect of the hooping by 11%. The limiting axial deformations increased about 1.5 times. Thus, the device of the spiral reinforcement of the concrete core is one of the rational ways to increase the operation efficiency of compressed concrete elements with fibreglass shell.
Determination of resistance to radon entry of underground walling at stage of construction design
Authors: Bakaeva N V , Kalaydo A V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The dose from radon and its progeny is a controlled component of the radiation load on the population, and therefore can be reduced by the use of appropriate construction technologies. The article shows that the convective flow can be reduced to zero by choosing the appropriate floor construction, whereas the diffusion cannot be completely excluded, and the diffusion radon flux can only be reduced to a certain level. An approach to the assessment of the required radon-protective characteristics of the building is proposed under the assumption that there is no convective radon entry. As a radon load on the underground part of the building, the radon potential of the soil, determined by the results of gamma-spectrometric analysis of the soil from the construction site, was used. The procedure for calculating the geometric characteristics of layers with high resistance to radon permeability based on the required radon concentration in the ground floor premises of the building after its construction and the radiation characteristics of the soil on the construction site is shown.
Research of stressed-state stiffened hollow strengthened concrete slabs in cracked condition
Authors: Vasilyev A S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In fact, while making engineering calculations, hollow slabs are presented as T-shaped and I-beams. In this case, the web face of a beam decreases according to the dimensions of cavity pockets inside a slab. The conventional theory of calculating building constructions with breaking stress involves the calculation of such hollow slabs focused on the beam theory. In this paper, the authors observe the stress condition of hollow slabs at failure. Numerical studies are carried out for slabs re-enforced in several ways. The authors perform calculations in nonlinear formulation with gradually increasing stress before the samples were distorted. The researchers compare the stress condition in the slabs with normal cross-sections to the stress condition in the similar I-beam slabs. The aim of the study is to outline the way the cross section shape representation influences the results of direct stress in section and the cracking moments from the bending moment in the center of the slab span. The scholars take into account various methods of reinforcing hollow-core slabs. The paper emphasizes that the moment of crack propagation for hollow slabs in a normal shape comes later than for I-beam slabs.