bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence generated from a realist synthesis of trials on educational weight loss interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Maula Asiya , Kendrick Denise , Kai Joe , Griffiths Frances 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundObesity and diabetes are major public health problems. Current approaches to weight loss show varying success. Complex community‐based interventions work through several interconnected stages. An individual’s actions in response to an intervention depend on many known and unknown factors, which vary among individuals.AimTo conduct a realist synthesis to identify in which context, for whom, in what circumstances, and how weight loss interventions work in obese or overweight individuals with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA total of 49 trials identified during a systematic review were subsequently analysed using realist methodology. This iterative process involved hypothesis generation about how participants within a particular context respond to an intervention’s resources producing the outcomes. We used established behaviour change theory to look for repeating themes. Theory and ‘mechanisms’ were tested against the literature on what is shown to be effective. Where established theory was lacking, we discussed issues during discussion groups with individuals living with the condition to generate our own programme theories.ResultsMechanisms that were repeatedly identified included high‐frequency contact with those delivering the intervention, social support, education increasing awareness of diabetes‐related modifiable risk factors, motivational interviewing and counselling, goal‐setting, self‐monitoring and feedback and meal replacements. The central theme underlying successful mechanisms was personalising each intervention component to the participants’ gender, culture and family setting.ConclusionThis is the first comprehensive realist synthesis in this field. Our findings suggest that, for weight loss interventions to be successful in those with diabetes, they must be personalized to the individual and their specific context.
Deleterious effects of Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen hydroalcoholic extract on the seminiferous epithelium of adult Balb/c mice
Authors: Matta Ana Paula L. F. , Leite João Paulo V. , Gomes Marcos L. M. , Morais Danielle B. , Carvalho Fabíola A. R. , Otoni Wagner C. , Matta Sérgio L. P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral plant species such as Pfaffia glomerata are widely used in traditional Brazilian medicine as stimulants and aphrodisiacs. In this regard, the aim of our study was to explore the effects of the long‐term intake of the hydro‐alcoholic root extract of P glomerata on the germ and somatic cells within the seminiferous tubules in adult Balb/c mice. The experimental groups were placed as: controls (water and DMSO), and treated with 300 and 400 mg/kg of the root extract. The number of germ and somatic cells, the proportion of pathological seminiferous tubules, and the germ cell apoptotic levels were evaluated. The volume and proportion of the seminiferous epithelium was decreased after the extract intake due to the increased germ cell apoptotic levels. Vacuolization of Sertoli cell cytoplasm was observed widely in pathological tubules, along with fully disorganized epithelia, showing multinucleated cells, which lead to decreased daily sperm production. Taken together, our results indicate that long‐term intake of the P glomerata caused deleterious effects on spermatogenesis by inducing apoptosis and altering the seminiferous tubule's epithelial dynamics.
A strategy for fabricating anisotropic SI3N4 ceramics with controllable mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Lu Xugao , Zhou Guoxiang , Yang Yitian , Lin Kunpeng , Yang Zhihua , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHeat dissipation material with programmable anisotropic property is very challenging, yet can realize the controllable thermal diffusion for heating device. In this work, anisotropic Si3N4 ceramics with oriented grains are prepared to adjust and improve the mechanical and thermal properties under the applied stress field by rolling film forming technology. Through the design of the sintering aids in the process of liquid‐phase sintering, the orientation degree of the Si3N4 grains is programmable as well as the mechanical property and the thermal property of the Si3N4 ceramics. As a consequence, the obtained Si3N4 ceramics show significant anisotropy in mechanical properties and thermal conductivity. The typical fracture toughness and thermal conductivity along the grain orientation direction are 10.6 MPa⋅m1/2 and 45.45 W/(m⋅K) while they are 4.5 MPa⋅m1/2 and 66.42 W/(m⋅K) in the direction perpendicular to the oriented grain, respectively. This grain orientation method paves the way for the thermal performance design and the production of programmable heat dissipation material.
The biomechanical efficacy of a dressing with a soft cellulose fluff core in prophylactic use
Authors: Gefen Amit , Krämer Maja , Brehm Maik , Burckardt Sören 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, we developed an experimental‐computational analysis framework which facilitated objective, quantitative, standardised, methodological, and systematic comparisons between the biomechanical efficacies of two fundamentally different dressing technologies for pressure ulcer prevention: A dressing technology based on cellulose fibres used as the core matrix was evaluated vs the conventional silicone‐foam dressing design concept, which was represented by multiple products which belong in this category. Using an anatomically‐realistic computer (finite element) model of a supine female patient to whom the different sacral dressings have been applied virtually, we quantitatively evaluated the efficacy of the different dressings by means of a set of 3 biomechanical indices: The protective efficacy index, the protective endurance, and the prophylactic trade‐off design parameter. Prior rigorous experimental measurements of the physical and mechanical behaviours and properties of each tested dressing, including tensile, compressive, and friction properties, have been conducted and used as inputs for the computer modelling. Each dressing was evaluated for its tissue protection performances at a new (from the package) state, as well as after exposure to moisture conditions simulating wet bedsheets. Our results demonstrated that the dressing with the fluff core is at least as‐good as silicone‐foams but importantly, provides the best balance between protective performances at its “new” condition and the performance after being exposed to moisture. We conclude that preventative dressings are not equal in their prophylactic performances, but rather, the base technology, the ingredients, and their arrangement in the dressing structure shape the quality of the delivered tissue protection.
Protective properties of Avène Thermal Spring Water on biomechanical, ultrastructural and clinical parameters of human skin
Authors: Mias C. , Maret A. , Gontier E. , Carrasco C. , Satge C. , Bessou‐Touya S. , Coubetergues H. , Bennett‐Kennett R. , Dauskardt R.H. , Duplan H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThermal Spring Water (TSW) has been recognized to have beneficial effects on skin; however, the mechanisms underlying these are not completely elucidated.AimsWe compared the effects of Avène TSW with mineral‐rich (MR) TSW on the biomechanical properties of the skin using mechanistic ex vivo assays and clinical studies.MethodsEx vivo studies included the effect of both TSWs on the structure of the surface of human skin explants using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); mineral elemental content on the skin surface using SEM coupled to energy dispersing X‐ray spectroscopy; and the stress properties of the stratum corneum (SC) when exposed to dehydration. Human clinical studies were conducted to compare the soothing effect of TSWs after a dermatological chemical peeling of face skin and to evaluate the overall sensitive scale of consumers using Avène TSW for 7 days.ResultsBoth TSWs preserved surface skin ultrastructure; however, crystals formed from MR‐TSW were needle‐like and formed small grains, present in clusters heterogeneously spread over the surface. Needle crystals were mainly composed of calcium, while small clusters were mainly composed of sulphur. By contrast, Avène TSW‐formed crystals composed of sodium and chlorine only were regular in shape and homogeneously distributed across the skin surface. Peak stress of SC layers was increased by MR‐TSW, whereas Avène TSW showed a comparatively reduced effect on dehydration and stress. The difference in the two TSW types was reflected in clinical findings comparing postpeeling redness after TSW application. Avène TSW significantly decreased postpeeling redness, while MR‐TSW increased it. The overall sensitive scale of consumers was decreased by 47% using Avène TSW for 7 days.ConclusionsAvène TSW decreases postpeeling redness and soothes sensitive skin in human volunteers. Mechanistic studies suggested that differences in biomechanical effects could be linked to differences in calcium content of the TSW.
Spermatogenesis in the inseminating African butterflyfish Pantodon buchholzi (Teleostei: Osteoglossiformes: Pantodontidae) with the revision of residual bodies formation
Authors: Dymek Anna M. , Pecio Anna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyse spermatogenesis in the African butterflyfish, Pantodon buchholzi, using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. P. buchholzi is the most basal teleost that exhibits insemination and produces a highly complex introsperm with the most elongate midpiece known in teleost fishes. Their early stages (spermatogonia and spermatocytes) do not differ greatly from those of other fishes, with the exception of Golgi apparatus degradation appearing as spindle‐shaped bodies (SSBs). In round, early spermatids, the development of the flagellum begins after the migration of the centriolar complex towards the nucleus. Later, the elongation of the midpiece coincides with the displacement of the mitochondria and their fusion to produce nine mitochondrial derivatives (MDs). In these spermatids, the nucleus is situated laterally to the midpiece, with condensing chromatin in the centre of the nucleus. Within the midpiece, the flagellum is located within a cytoplasmic canal and is surrounded by a cytoplasmic sleeve containing fibres, MDs and a great amount of cytoplasm located on one side. During the next phase, nuclear rotation, the highly condensed chromatin is displaced to a position above the centriolar apparatus, whereas chromatin‐free nucleoplasm is transferred to the cytoplasm. Later, this nucleoplasm, still surrounded by the nuclear membrane, is eliminated into the cyst lumen as the nucleoplasmic packet. Within the highly elongate spermatids, other excess organelles (SSBs, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria) are eliminated as residual bodies (RBs). Fully developed spermatozoa, which contain conical‐shaped nuclei, eventually coalesce to form unencapsulated sperm packets (spermatozeugmata) that are surrounded by RBs at the level of the extremely elongate midpieces. Later, RBs are removed at the periphery of the cyst by means of phagocytosis by Sertoli cells.
Critical realist encounters: Morphogenizing the French régulation approach
Authors: Knio Karim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThroughout the past two decades, Bob Jessop has drawn considerable attention to the compatibility between French Régulation (FR) and Critical Realist approaches (CR), arguing that FR implicitly works within a critical realist ontology, epistemology and methodology. Inspired by his insights, I argue that a Spinozian‐led Immanent Causality Morphogenetic Approach (ICMA) provides a fruitful avenue for further regulationist research and represents a promising effort to ground FR in (meta)theory, whereby, ontologically speaking, the ICMA explores how structure and agency emerge, intertwine and redefine each other in and over time. The two approaches mutually reinforce each other: ICMA is able to provide FR with a solid theoretical and metatheoretical foundation, while FR, can enrich the ICMA with its direct engagement with capitalism related studies and a well‐developed terminology in the field. The value added of ICMA can be seen in four points: it (1) clarifies the distinction between extensive and intensive regimes of accumulation and the speed of technological change, (2) specifies the problematique of hierarchy and stability of the dominant bloc, (3) fleshes out the problematique of endometabolism and hybridity, and (4) provides the researcher with a methodological framework to absent the necessary relations at the level of conditioning.
Screening Emergency Admissions at Risk of Chronic Hepatitis C (SEARCH) to diagnose or ‘re‐diagnose’ infections is effective in Australia
Authors: Prince David Stephen , Pipicella Joseph Louis , Fraser Melissa , Alvaro Frank , Maley Michael , Foo Hong , Middleton Paul MacConachie , Davison Scott Anthony , Dore Greg John , McCaughan Geoff William , Levy Miriam Tania 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe World Health Organization has set ambitious viral hepatitis elimination targets; however, difficulties in identifying and engaging patients remain. The emergency visit is an opportunity for enhanced linkage to care (LTC). We assessed the effectiveness of an automated Emergency Department (ED) screening service in identifying patients with hepatitis C (HCV) and achieving LTC. A retrospective evaluation was undertaken, analysing the first 5000 patients screened through an automatic Australian service termed ‘Screening Emergency Admissions at Risk of Chronic Hepatitis’ (SEARCH). Screening was performed for those recommended in the Australian national testing policy, specifically overseas born (OB) and Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders (ATSI). Healthcare worker education, patient information materials and opt‐out informed consent were used to test sera already collected for biochemistry assays. 5000 of 5801 (86.2%) consecutive eligible patients were screened (OB: 4778, ATSI: 222) from 14 093 ED presentations. HCV antibody was positive in 181 patients (3.6%); 51 (1.0%) were HCV RNA positive. Of 51 HCV RNA–positive patients, 12 were new diagnoses, 32 were ‘re‐diagnoses’ (aware but lost to follow‐up [LTFU]), and 7 were previously known but treatment contraindicated. LTC was successful in 38 viraemic patients (7 deceased, 4 LTFU, 1 treatment ineligible and 1 declined). Of RNA‐negative patients, 75 were previously treated and 49 had presumed spontaneous clearance. Opt‐out consent was acceptable to all patients and staff involved. ED screening can lead to additional diagnosing and ‘re‐diagnosing’ of HCV, with high rates of LTC. Opt‐out consent and automation removed major obstacles to testing.
Dabrafenib‐induced neutrophilic panniculitis in a child undergoing dual BRAF‐MEK inhibitor therapy for glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Young Trevor K. , Gutierrez Daniel , Criscito Maressa C. , Kim Randie H. , Lakdawala Nikita , Oza Vikash S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBRAF inhibitor‐induced neutrophilic panniculitis is a rare event that is well‐characterized in adults undergoing therapy for metastatic melanoma. To date, there are very few reports of this event in children undergoing BRAF inhibitor therapy for low‐grade gliomas, all of which were seen with vemurafenib. We report a case of dabrafenib‐induced neutrophilic panniculitis in a 9‐year‐old girl that manifested within several weeks of initiating dual BRAF‐MEK inhibitor therapy for glioblastoma multiforme. This case highlights neutrophilic panniculitis as a side effect of dabrafenib in children and serves as a reminder to consider cutaneous side effects of BRAF inhibitors as they are increasingly used to treat children with primary brain tumors.
Clearance of pediatric actinic prurigo with dupilumab
Authors: Eickstaedt Joshua B. , Starke Samuel , Krakora Dan , Hinshaw Molly , Arkin Lisa M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractActinic prurigo is a rare, idiopathic chronic photodermatosis of childhood characterized by excoriated papules, nodules, and plaques in sun‐exposed areas. It is notoriously difficult to treat. The disorder involves a type IV hypersensitivity reaction driven by both Th1 and Th2 inflammatory pathways, the latter of which leads to secretion of IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, and production of B cells, IgE, and IgG4. Dupilumab, an IL‐4 receptor antagonist, disrupts the Th2 pathway. We present a pediatric patient with severe, recalcitrant actinic prurigo who achieved rapid and sustained clearance with dupilumab.
Health‐related quality of life after pediatric heart transplantation in early childhood
Authors: Garcia Guerra Gonzalo , Bond Gwen Y. , Joffe Ari R. , Dinu Irina A , Hajihosseini Morteza , Al‐Aklabi Mohammed , Robertson Charlene M. T. , Urschel Simon ,   the Western Canadian Complex Pediatric Therapies Follow‐up Program
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited information about HRQL after pediatric heart transplantation at a young age.MethodsProspective follow‐up study of children who received a heart transplant at age ≤4 years. HRQL was assessed using the PedsQLTM 4.0 at age 4.5 years. This cohort was compared with healthy children, children with CHD, and with chronic conditions. Peri‐operative factors associated with HRQL were also explored.ResultsOf 66 eligible patients, 15 (23%) died prior to the HRQL assessment and 2 (3%) were lost to follow‐up, leaving 49 patients. Indication for transplantation was CHD in 27 (55%) and CMP in 22 (45%). Median age (IQR) at transplant was 9 (5‐31) months. HRQL was significantly lower in transplanted children compared to population norms (65.3 vs 87.3, P < .0001), children with chronic conditions (65.3 vs 76.1, P = .001), and children with CHD (65.3 vs 81.1, P < .0001). Transplanted children with CHD had lower HRQL than those with a prior diagnosis of CMP (59.5 vs 72.5, P‐value = .020). Higher creatinine pretransplant and higher lactate post‐operatively were associated with lower HRQL.ConclusionChildren after heart transplant had significantly lower HRQL, as reported by their parents, than the normative population, children with chronic conditions, and children with CHD.
On Investigation of Liquid Sloshing in Cylindrical Tanks With Single and Multiply Connected Domains Using Isogeometric Boundary Element Method
Authors: Zang Quansheng , Liu Jun , Zhou Yang , Lin Gao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper explores an isogeometric boundary element method (IGA-BEM) for sloshing problems in cylindrical tanks with single and multiply connected domains. Instead of the Lagrange basis functions used in the standard BEM, the nonuniform rational B-splines (NURBS) basis functions are introduced to approximate the geometries of the problem boundaries and the unknown variables. Compared with the Lagrange basis functions, NURBS basis functions can accurately reconstruct the geometric boundary of analysis domain with almost no error, and all the data information for NURBS basis functions can be directly obtained from the computer-aided design (cad) or computer-aided engineering (cae) commercial software, which implies the modeling process of IGA-BEM is more simple than that of the standard BEM. NURBS makes it possible for the IGA-BEM to realize the seamless connection between cad and cae software with relative higher calculation accuracy than the standard BEM. Based on the weighted residual method as well as the divergence theorem, the IGA-BEM is developed for the single and multiply connected domains, whose boundaries are separately defined in the parameter space by different knot vectors. The natural sloshing frequencies of the liquid sloshing in a circular cylindrical tank with a coaxial or an off-center circular pipe, an elliptical cylindrical tank with an elliptical pipe, a circular cylindrical tank with multiple pipes are estimated with the introduced method by assuming an ideal (inviscid and incompressible) liquid, irrotational small-amplitude sloshing, and the linear free-surface condition. The comparison between the results obtained by the proposed method and those in the existing literatures shows very good agreements, which verifies the proposed model well. Meanwhile, the effects of radius ratio, liquid depth, number, and location of internal pipe (pipes) on the natural sloshing frequency and sloshing mode are analyzed carefully, and some conclusions are outlined finally.
Dynamic Balance in Athletes With Intellectual Disability: Effect of Dynamic Stretching and Plyometric Warm-Ups
Authors: Jouira Ghada , Srihi Selim , Ben Waer Fatma , Rebai Haithem , Sahli Sonia 
Published: September 2020

Context: Athletes with intellectual disability (ID) have a high risk of injury while participating in various sports. Warm-up (WU) is the most preventive measure to reduce injuries in sports. Objective: To investigate the effects of dynamic stretching WU (DS-WU) and plyometric WU (PL-WU) on dynamic balance in athletes with ID. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: A total of 12 athletes with ID (age 24.5 [3.22] y, height 165.7 [8.4] cm, weight 61.5 [7.1] kg, intelligence quotient 61.1 [3.5]). Main Outcome Measures: Dynamic balance was assessed using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) at pre-WU, post-WU, and 15 minutes post-WU for both the DS-WU and the PL-WU. A 2-way analysis of variance (3 sessions × 2 WU methods) with repeated-measures was used in this study. Results: Following the DS-WU, participants demonstrated significant improvements in the SEBT composite score post-WU (89.12% [5.54%] vs 87.04% [5.35%]; P < .01) and at 15 minutes post-WU (89.55% [5.28%] vs 87.04%, P < .01) compared with pre-WU. However, no significant difference between these two post-WU scores (post-WU and 15 min post-WU) was found. For the PL-WU, participants demonstrated a significant decrease in the SEBT composite score at post-WU (85.95% [5.49%] vs 87.02% [5.73%]; P < .05); however, these scores increased significantly at 15 minutes post-WU (88.60% [5.42%] vs 87.02% [5.49%]; P < .05) compared with that at pre-WU. The SEBT composite scores are significantly higher in the DS-WU than in the PL-WU at both post-WU sessions (P < .05). Conclusion: Both DS-WU and PL-WU could improve dynamic balance and may be recommended as WUs in athletes with ID; however, particular caution should be exercised immediately after the PL-WU.