bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ცოდნის მენეჯმენტი, როგორც საზოგადოებრივი კეთილდღეობის შექმნის საფუძველი
Authors: Chkhaidze Irma 
Published: May 2020

ირმა ჩხაიძე
ბათუმის შოთა რუსთაველის სახელმწიფო
უნივერსიტეტის ასოცირებული პროფესორი
საქართველო, ბათუმი
E-mail: chkhaidze.irma@bsu.edu.ge
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4430-181X

მოკლე აღწერა
თანამედროვე საბაზრო ეკონომიკის პირობებში „საზო­გად­ო­ე­ბრივი კეთიმდღეობის შექმნას განაპირობებს, როგორც სა­ხე­ლ­მ­წ­ი­ფო ,,საერთო საზოგადოებრივი კეთილდღეობის“ შექმნით, ასევე ბი­ზნეს სექტორი ,,ინდივიდუალური კეთილდღეობის“ შექმნით, რო­მელიც ეფუძნება ,,პირადი კეთილდღეობის“ შექმნას და ით­ვა­ლის­წინებს, ერთი მხრივ, ბაზარზე კონკურენტუნარიანობის მო­პოვებას და შენარჩუნებას, ხოლო მეორე მხრივ, საზო­გა­დ­ო­ე­ბ­ი­ს­ა­თ­ვ­ის ,,არა წინააღმდეგობრივი კეთილდღეობის“ შე­ქმნის სა­ფ­უ­ძ­ვე­ლ­ზე მაქსიმალური მოგების მიღებას.
კვლევის ძირითადი მიზანია გაანალიზდეს კომპანიებში ,,სა­­ფუძვლიანი“ და ,,ინოვაციური“ ცოდნის პრაქტიკაში შერწყმის სა­ფუძველზე შექმნილი ,,ინდივიდუალური კეთილდღეობის“ უპ­­­ი­­­­რატესობები.
საკვლევი თემა ღირებული და საინტერესოა იმ თვა­ლს­აზ­რ­ი­­სითაც, რომ ,,საფუძვლიანი ცოდნის’’ უზრუნველყოფით, ერთი მ­ხ­რივ, კომპანიებს ეძლევათ შესაძლებლობა მიიღონ მონაწილეობა ,,თა­მაშში’’ და უზრუნველყონ კონკურენტუნარიანობა, და მეორე მხ­რივ, შექმნას მნიშვნელოვანი ბარიერი კომპანიაში გა­ნვი­თა­რე­ბ­ის იგივე დონით ან ცოდნის იგივე ხარისხით, როგორც მისი კო­ნ­კ­უ­რენტები, რამაც შესაძლებელია გამოავლინოს კომპანიის კო­ნ­კუ­რ­ე­ნტუუნარობა. ხოლო ,,ინოვაციური ცოდნა’’ კომპანიებს აძლევს შე­საძლებლობას შეცვალონ ,,თამაშის წესები’’, რაც უზ­რუნ­ვე­ლ­ყ­ოფს ბაზარზე მათ ლიდერობას.
კვლევისას გამოყენებულია ანალიზის და სინთეზის მეთო­დი, შედარებითი მეთოდი, თვისებრივი მეთოდი. კვლევის მეთო­დე­ბის გამოყენების საფუძველზე შემუშავებულია სათანადო დას­კვ­ნები და რეკომენდაციები.
საკვანძო სიტყვები: ცოდნის მენეჯმენტი, ,,საფუძვლიანი ცოდნა“, ,,ინოვაციური ცოდნა“, ,,საზოგადოებრივი და ,ინდივიდუალური’’ კეთილდღეობა.
Le discours poétique de la Négritude : un ferment de la diversité linguistique dans la francophonie
Authors: Sarr Adiouma 
Published: May 2020

Résumé : L’article reprend les textes poétiques des fondateurs de la Négritude pour accomplir un retour sur les origines de nos discussions sur les choix de langue littéraires, et sur les écarts des francophonies. Adiouma Sarr cite leurs expériences stylistiques autant que le contenu des déclarations de Césaire et Senghor vis-à-vis de la langue.
Public Speaking in Poe's “‘Thou Art the Man’”
Authors: Sweeney Susan Elizabeth 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Poe's last detective story, “‘Thou Art the Man,’” has received little attention and less praise. In this ingenious tale, however, Poe revises his own pioneering narrative technique by making the narrator—who faithfully records the actions and words of the character investigating the crime—turn out to be himself the detective. Charley Goodfellow, the supposed investigator, is actually the murderer, who uses his considerable oratorical skills to persuade an entire town to convict the wrong man. Given this emphasis on unreliable narration and deceptive oratory, it seems appropriate to read Poe's satirical detective story in the context of public speech during the Jacksonian period, including political rhetoric, abolitionist discourse, theatrical performance, and ventriloquism. In the tale's climactic scene, the narrator publicly accuses Goodfellow by throwing his voice, making it seem that the murdered man's corpse has identified him as the killer by uttering the title phrase aloud. That phrase alludes to Nathan's striking indictment of King David in the Bible, which in the early nineteenth century was extolled as a model of successful rhetoric and often imitated in abolitionist writing, including a passage from Babbage's Ninth Bridgewater Treatise that Poe read before writing his story. The narrator of “‘Thou Art the Man’” not only quotes Nathan's speech but also imitates his rhetorical strategy. Poe repeats both the speech and the strategy, in turn, in constructing his tale. “‘Thou Art the Man’” demonstrates that artful rhetoric ultimately leads to truth, even in an atmosphere of bullying, chicanery, spurious accusation, and deliberate falsehood.
The Crawdads Sing in Poe Country: Delia Owens's Bestseller and “The Gold-Bug”
Authors: Gruesser John 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Abstract In an August 9, 1846, letter, Poe explained his method for writing detection. The trick, he tells Philip Pendleton Cooke, is to work backward, first inventing a character that commits the crime (or otherwise sets the mystery in motion) and then creating a second character (i.e., the detective figure) that solves it. “Where is the ingenuity,” Poe writes, “in unraveling a web which you yourself (the author) have woven?” When asked which part of   Where the Crawdads Sing she liked best, Delia Owens said, “The ending. The idea for the ending came to me suddenly, so I started there. Then I jumped back to the beginning and braided the two storylines together toward the end. Weaving together all the pieces—the characters, the clues, the feathers, and the shells—was so much fun.” Here she not only evokes Poe's methodology but, through the words “braided” and “weaving,” his sewing imagery.
Prevalence of Low Birth Weight and Associated Factors among New Born Babies in Ataye Primary Hospital, North Shoa, Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Dilnessa Tenagnework , Belete Ewnetu , Tefera Mitiku 
Published: May 2020

Background: Birth weight is an important indicator of health status of an infant and is a principal factor that determines the infant‘s, physical, survival and mental growth. Though efforts made in reducing incidences of low birth weight worldwide, the problem of low birth weight remains global health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia.
Objective: To determine prevalence of Low Birth Weight and associated factor, among the neonates born in Ataye primary hospital from June 1, 2017 GC- May 30, 2018 G.C.
Methods: A facility based cross sectional study was carried out on birth weight distribution. Data was collected from delivery registration book of obstetrics department and Medical records of the mother by using structured data collection format. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed. Adjusted odd ratio with 95% CI was calculated to see strength of association and P<0.05 was taken as level of statistical significance.
Results: Total of 181 mothers Medical records and delivery registration book were reviewed. The magnitude of low birth weight among new born babies in Ataye primary Hospital was 6.1%. Lack of Ante natal care follow up (AOR = 1.6 (95% CI =1.776, 9.48)), Preterm birth (AOR = 0.79(95% +CI = 0.034-0.78)), female sex (AOR=1.1(0.004-0.297)) and Multiple gestation (AOR=1.65(95% CI 0.001-0.426)) were identified factors of low birth weight.
Conclusion: Prevalence of low birth weight was lower than that of countrywide figure. Lack of Antenatal care follow up, preterm birth, sex of the neonate and multiple gestations were significantly associated with low birth weight.
Physiological and Molecular-genetic Characteristic of Bacteria Strains, Isolated from Mountain Spring and Mineral Waters in Plovdiv Region, Bulgaria
Authors: Valcheva Nedyalka , Ignatov Ignat , Mihaylova Sashka 
Published: May 2020

The present study aims to investigate the microbiological research of mineral and spring mountain waters in the region of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In Bulgaria, there are mineral and mountain spring waters, which are not subjected to physicochemical and microbiological control by the Regional Health Inspectorate, yet they are the most widely used springs by the population as sources of drinking water. The methodology is including the determination of total number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. The results showed 11 rod shaped, Gram–positive and spore forming bacteria and 2 rod shaped, Gram–negative non-spore forming bacteria are isolated from spring and healing waters. The colonial and physiological characteristics of the isolated strains are defined. The biochemical profiles of the selected bacteria are determined with the system for rapid identification API 50 CH. The strains are identified by software processing of the obtained biochemical profiles with apiweb®. Furthermore, the tested strains are genetically identified by molecular-genetic methods – ARDRA analysis and sequencing of the gene for the 16S rRNA. The results obtained from the biochemical and molecular-genetic studies indicate that the selected strains belong to different species of genus Bacillus, Aeromonas, Klebsiella.
The identification strains support for registration of water sources in Plovdiv region, Bulgaria according Decree No. 9.
Utilisation of an Intervention to Support Students on the Autism Spectrum: Examining Teachers' Responses to Finished! The On-task Toolkit.
Authors: MacDonald Libby , Trembath David , Ashburner Jill , Costley Debra , Haas Kaaren , Keen Deb 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated visual schedules and work systems to be effective in assisting students on the autism spectrum to stay on task and work independently. However, evidence of effectiveness does not ensure a timely implementation of interventions in applied educational contexts. The translatability of interventions depends, to a large extent, on their contextual fit and how they are perceived by those that will use them. This mixed methods study examined general education teachers' responses to an information toolkit outlining the use of visual schedules and work systems as inclusive, whole-class practices. While teachers regarded the toolkit positively, their responses also offer insights into potential barriers to implementation.
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AFTER THE FALL OF COMMUNISM
Authors: READ CHRISTOPHER 
Published: July 2002

Nicholas II. Emperor of all the Russias. By D. Lieven. London:

Pimlico, 1995. Pp. 292. ISBN 0-719-54994-9. £10.00.The Russian Revolution, 1917–1921: a short history.

By J. D. White. London: Edward Arnold, 1994. Pp. 312. ISBN 0-340-53910-0.

£12.99.The origins of the Russian civil war. By G. Swain. London:

Longman, 1995. Pp. 296. ISBN 0-582-05968-2. £13.99.Behind the front lines of the civil war: political parties and

social movements in Russia, 1918–1922.

By V. N. Brovkin. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994. Pp. 455.

ISBN 0-691-03278-5. £40.00.America's secret war against Bolshevism: U.S. intervention
in the

Russian civil war, 1917–1920.

By D. S. Foglesong. Chapel Hill and London: North Carolina University Press,
1995.

Pp. 386. ISBN 0-807-82228-0. $45–00.
The effect of planting combinations and weeding on the growth and yield of component crops of maize/bean and maize/pumpkin intercrops
Authors: TEMBAKAZI SILWANA T. , LUCAS E. O. 
Published: July 2002

A diagnostic survey carried out in 1997 to obtain baseline information on the farming situation in Transkei area of South Africa, showed that agriculture in this area was characterized by low technological inputs which invariably led to low agricultural outputs. The main farming system of the majority of the farmers (98%) was based on intercropping involving maize, beans and pumpkin combined in an haphazard fashion.Based on the above findings, two field experiments were set up in 1998 designed to bring out the best planting combinations for maize/beans and maize/pumpkin intercrops which could be introduced to the farmers. Effect of weeding on the intercrops was also investigated.In both intercrops, intercropping adversely affected the plant heights and circumferences of the component crops. Also, the yield of the individual crop in each intercrop was depressed by intercropping compared with its sole yield. In maize/beans intercrop, the yield of maize was depressed by 15% and that of beans by 13%. However in both intercrops, productivity as measured by Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) was the highest with maize at 10000 plants/ha combined with beans at 150000 plants/ha (2·60) with weeding while the combination with the best LER (1·50) in maize/pumpkin intercrop was at 30000 plants/ha of maize combined with pumpkin at 2500 plants/ha, with weeding. However, before any final recommendation is made, the profitability of each combination has to be considered.Weeding was found to enhance intercrop yields in maize/bean combination by 35% and by 30% in maize/pumpkin combination.
The introduction of animal traction into inland valley

regions. 3. Different cultivation techniques for maize
Authors: DIJKMAN J. T. , LAWRENCE P. R. 
Published: July 2002

Maize was grown in the upland areas surrounding an inland valley

in central Nigeria in a randomized

block experiment using six cultivation techniques (manual cultivation with

a hand hoe (MC);

ploughing in both directions to throw up a ridge (DPL); single ploughing

with the seed placed on the

ridge (SPL); ridging with a wooden, single tine, locally made

‘bush’ plough (BPL); single ploughing

with the seed placed in the furrow (FPL) and ridging with a conventional

ridger (RID) with or

without pre-emergence herbicide (PEH) with two replicates. Initial

cultivation times ranged from 29

to 70 h/ha (BPL<RID<SPL<FPL<DPL<MC). Total weeding

time ranged from 220 to

512 h/ha (MC<DPL<RID<FPL<BPL<SPL) with PEH and from
431

to 763 h/ha (MC<SPL<DPL<RID<FPL<BPL) without PEH. Ox

cultivation techniques were associated with

higher weeding times and larger weed burdens. Total times for all

field operations were 568–758 h/ha

(MC<FPL<DPL<BPL<SPL<RID) with PEH and 791–870

h/ha (BPL<MC<SPL<DPL<RID<FPL) without PEH. Thus,

although ox cultivation saved time at the most critical time

of year (cultivation and planting), it did not save time overall.Amongst the ox cultivation techniques, work inputs were

6·3–34·1 MJ/ha (BPL<FPL<SPL<RID<DPL)

and draught forces 387–1377N (BPL<DPL<FPL<SPL<RID).Yields of maize cobs were 2·55–4·0 t/ha

(SPL<FPL<MC<RID<DPL<BPL) with PEH

and 1·65–3·55 (RID<BPL<FPL<DPL<MC<SPL)

without PEH. Except for SPL, PEH was

associated with increased yield especially when used with ox cultivation.As regards crop yield, time inputs and work input, there was no

advantage to be gained from using

a separate (and expensive) ridger for maize compared with a locally

made plough or the plough also used for the main cash crop (rice).At 1992 prices, the cost of PEH was about the same per ha as the

price of labour saved on weeding,

but additional benefits associated with PEH use were the avoidance of

mid-season labour bottlenecks and an overall increase in crop yield.
Relatedness of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mammary gland suffering from mastitis in a single herd
Authors: ZSCHÖCK MICHAEL , SOMMERHÄUSER JÜRGEN , CASTANEDA HUGO 
Published: July 2002

Mastitis can be caused by a number of bacteria (Philpot & Pankey, 1975), among
which Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important, responsible for considerable
economic loss to the dairy industry (Jasper et al. 1982). Carrier rates have been
studied extensively in dairy herds suffering from mastitis (Davidson, 1961, 1963).Subtyping bacteria is an important epidemiological tool; for example, antimicrobial
susceptibility patterns (antibiograms) have been used for typing Staph.
aureus in human medicine (Gillespie et al. 1990). Staph. aureus of bovine origin can
be divided into several categories by biotyping (Devriese, 1984). Phage typing has
proved useful in differentiating mastitis strains (Mackie et al. 1987) and plasmid
profiling has been valuable in epidemiological studies of bovine Staph. aureus
(Baumgartner et al. 1984).During the last 5 years genomic fingerprinting of Staph. aureus became a powerful
tool for epidemiological typing. Numerous techniques for comparison of staphylococcal
isolates have been developed and are becoming important in investigations
of strain origin, clonal relatedness and epidemiology.The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of Staph. aureus isolates
from mammary glands of cows from a single herd using modern molecular typing
techniques, and to assess whether the same strain constantly colonizes the udder or
cows are repeatedly infected by different strains. We investigated 26 Staph. aureus
isolates obtained from quarter milk samples from 16 cows. These isolates were
characterized biochemically, by their antibiotic resistance pattern, by two
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods on the basis of coagulase (Coa) gene and
protein A (Spa) gene (X region) polymorphism and by macrorestriction analysis of
chromosomal DNA using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
Monitoring lactic acid bacteria strains during ‘Cacioricotta’ cheese production by restriction endonuclease analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
Authors: BLAIOTTA GIUSEPPE , MOSCHETTI GIANCARLO , SIMEOLI ERMENEGILDA , ANDOLFI ROSAMARIA , VILLANI FRANCESCO , COPPOLA SALVATORE 
Published: July 2002

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an important role in food fermentation, as the
products obtained with their aid are characterized by hygienic safety, storage
stability and attractive sensory properties. A major aim of the research in this field
is the selection of LAB strains that could be used. Hence it is very important to be
able to apply a reliable method to distinguish a particular strain specifically and
unambiguously, which allows studies of population dynamics of mixed cultures and
monitoring starter strains during fermentation (Ramos & Harlander, 1990).Molecular methods are a powerful alternative to the traditional differentiation of
bacteria. A highly reproducible method for characterizing and distinguishing closely
related strains, is represented by REA-PFGE (restriction endonuclease analysis by
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) performed by infrequently cutting endonucleases.
Genetic differentiation of strains in several species of LAB has been successfully
performed by this technique (Moschetti et al. 1997; Villani et al. 1997) obtaining very
clear and reproducible restriction patterns (Moschetti et al. 1998).In this study selected inoculated strains (lactococci or lactobacilli) were
monitored by REA-PFGE during the whole process of water-buffalo ‘cacioricotta’
cheese-making. This product is a typical and traditional cheese in southern Italy
produced from cow, goat, ewe or water-buffalo milk. The original technology of this
preparation permits the recovery of whey proteins due to the high heat treatment of
whole milk employed, allowing interesting yields to be achieved in terms of cheese.
The use of starters is not common in traditional technology but low acid protection
of the final product suggested the use of LAB as starter (Emaldi et al. 1987).
Expression of a bovine α-lactalbumin transgene in
α-lactalbumin-deficient mice can rescue lactation. In vivo

relationship between bovine α-lactalbumin expression content and

milk composition
Authors: SOULIER SOLANGE , LEPOURRY LAURENCE , STINNAKRE MARIE-GEORGES , MERCIER JEAN-CLAUDE , VILOTTE JEAN-LUC 
Published: July 2002

Lowering the lactose content of milk in vivo has
two potential benefits: to develop
milk products for lactose intolerant people (Delmont, 1983) and to produce
a more
concentrated milk, reducing milk storage volume and milking frequency without

affecting the overall fat and protein yields. Lactose synthesis in the
lactating
mammary gland results from the interaction of α-lactalbumin
(α-la) with a Golgian
UDP-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.22), and it has been suggested that
lactose and
α-la contents are directly related (Fitzgerald et al.
1970). Evidence that α-la is the
only protein responsible for the in vivo induction of
lactose synthesis came recently
from knock-out experiments of the relevant gene (Stinnakre
et al. 1994; Stacey et al.
1995), which disrupt lactation, as lactose-deprived milk of
α-la-deficient mice is
highly viscous. However, although the lactose, fat and protein contents
of the milk
were found to be directly related to the quantity of α-la present

(Stinnakre et al.
1994), only in mice homozygous for the α-la null allele was there
a significant
alteration of milk concentration (Stacey et al. 1995).
Stacey et al. (1995) also
demonstrated that human α-la could substitute for its mouse counterpart
via
homologous recombination.In the present study, we report the generation of transgenic mice producing
only
bovine α-la by back-crossing animals from four independent
bovine α-la transgenic
lines with α-la-deficient mice. Our work confirms that foreign
α-la can substitute for
the mouse protein and suggests a negative correlation between the
α-la content and protein and fat concentrations in milk.
Aerated granular flow over a horizontal rigid surface
Authors: EAMES I. , GILBERTSON M. A. 
Published: July 2002

The effect of a vertical gas flow on the dynamics of a coulombic granular material
moving over a horizontal rigid porous surface has been studied experimentally and
theoretically. The presence of a fluidizing gas significantly alters the granular flow
dynamics. When the gas velocity, ug, is below the
minimum fluidization velocity, umf,
the effect of the gas is to reduce the angle of repose θ from the value measured in the
absence of a gas flow. When material is poured from a point source onto a horizontal
surface it forms a pile, which adjusts through episodic avalanching to a self-similar
conical shape. Under these conditions, the development of the pile is determined by
the local force balance on individual particles and its extent may be expressed in
terms of the volume of particles added and the angle of repose. A volume of material
is poured continuously from a point source onto a surface according to Qtα. Below
the minimum uidization velocity, a quasi-static description gives the encroachment
distance of the granular pile as l = (2Q/(2π/3)n−1
tan θ)1/n+1tα/n+1 where n = 1 for a
planar release and n = 2 for an axisymmetric release.A continuum description of fluidized granular flow has been developed by vertically
averaging the mass and momentum conservation equations and including the
momentum exchange between the gas and granular flow. The bulk movement is
driven along the ground by horizontal gradients of particle pressure and is resisted
by a viscous drag force due to the particles moving horizontally through a vertical
gas flow. Above the minimum fluidization velocity the character of the granular
flow is significantly altered and takes on fluid-like properties. The model predicts the
shape of the fluidized granular pile and that the encroachment distance grows as
l = λnα (Q(ug
+ umf) / ε)1/n+2tα+1/n+2, where ε is the void fraction in the bed and
λnα is a constant. Below the conditions for fluidization
(ug < umf), the pile of granular material
grows quasi-statically when t > t∗, where
t∗ ∼ (εn+1Qug
+ umf) / μ2+n
(umf − ug)2+n)
1/1+n−α corresponds to the critical time when frictional forces are comparable
to gradients of particle pressure and the drag force. Numerical solutions describing the granular flow are presented.Experimental observations of the shape and extent of planar and axisymmetric
granular flows when α = 1 compare well with theoretical predictions for various
values of particle volume flux Q, time t, and gas flow rate ug. The
mathematical description of fluidized granular flows along rigid surfaces indicates a strong analogy
with buoyancy-driven flows in a porous medium. This analogy permits extension of
our description to include flows down slopes and the effect of internal stratification.