bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative monitoring of the femoral and sciatic nerves in total hip arthroplasty with high-riding developmental dysplasia
Authors: Kong Xiangpeng , Chai Wei , Chen Jiying , Yan Chunhoi , Shi Lewis , Wang Yan 
Published: November 2019

AimsThis study aimed to explore whether intraoperative nerve monitoring can identify risk factors and reduce the incidence of nerve injury in patients with high-riding developmental dysplasia.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a historical controlled study of patients with unilateral Crowe IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Between October 2016 and October 2017, intraoperative nerve monitoring of the femoral and sciatic nerves was applied in total hip arthroplasty (THA). A neuromonitoring technician was employed to monitor nerve function and inform the surgeon of ongoing changes in a timely manner. Patients who did not have intraoperative nerve monitoring between September 2015 and October 2016 were selected as the control group. All the surgeries were performed by one surgeon. Demographics and clinical data were analyzed. A total of 35 patients in the monitoring group (ten male, 25 female; mean age 37.1 years (20 to 46)) and 56 patients in the control group (13 male, 43 female; mean age 37.9 years (23 to 52)) were enrolled. The mean follow-up of all patients was 13.1 months (10 to 15).ResultsThe two groups had no significant differences in preoperative data. In the monitoring group, ten nerve alerts occurred intraoperatively, and no neural complications were detected postoperatively. In the control group, six patients had neural complications. The rate of nerve injury was lower in the monitoring group than in the control group, but this did not achieve statistical significance. The degree of leg lengthening was significantly greater in the monitoring group than in the control group. In further analyses, patients who had previous hip surgery were more likely to have intraoperative nerve alerts and postoperative nerve injury.ConclusionNerve injury usually occurred during the processes of exposure and reduction. The use of intraoperative nerve monitoring showed a trend towards reduced nerve injury in THA for Crowe IV DDH patients. Hence, we recommend its routine use in patients undergoing leg lengthening, especially in those with previous hip surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1438–1446.
Gait after Birmingham Hip Resurfacing
Authors: Wiik Anatole V. , Lambkin Rhiannon , Cobb Justin P. 
Published: November 2019

Aims The aim of this study was to assess the functional gain achieved following hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA). Patients and Methods A total of 28 patients (23 male, five female; mean age, 56 years (25 to 73)) awaiting Birmingham HRA volunteered for this prospective gait study, with an age-matched control group of 26 healthy adults (16 male, ten female; mean age, 56 years (33 to 84)). The Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and gait analysis using an instrumented treadmill were used preoperatively and more than two years postoperatively to measure the functional change attributable to the intervention. Results The mean OHS improved significantly from 27 to 46 points (p < 0.001) at a mean of 29 months (12 to 60) after HRA. The mean metal ion levels at a mean 32 months (13 to 60) postoperatively were 1.71 (0.77 to 4.83) µg/l (ppb) and 1.77 (0.68 to 4.16) µg/l (ppb) for cobalt and chromium, respectively. When compared with healthy controls, preoperative patients overloaded the contralateral good hip, limping significantly. After HRA, patients walked at high speeds, with symmetrical gait, statistically indistinguishable from healthy controls over almost all characteristics. The control group could only be distinguished by an increased push-off force at higher speeds, which may reflect the operative approach. Conclusion Patients undergoing HRA improved their preoperative gait pattern of a significant limp to a symmetrical gait at high speeds and on inclines, almost indistinguishable from normal controls. HRA with an approved device offers substantial functional gains, almost indistinguishable from healthy controls. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1423–1430.
Underarm bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis leads to flatback deformity
Authors: Cheung Jason P. Y. , Chong Christopher H. W. , Cheung Prudence W. H. 
Published: November 2019

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of pelvic parameters on the tendency of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) to develop flatback deformity (thoracic hypokyphosis and lumbar hypolordosis) and its effect on quality-of-life outcomes.Patients and MethodsThis was a radiological study of 265 patients recruited for Boston bracing between December 2008 and December 2013. Posteroanterior and lateral radiographs were obtained before, immediately after, and two-years after completion of bracing. Measurements of coronal and sagittal Cobb angles, coronal balance, sagittal vertical axis, and pelvic parameters were made. The refined 22-item Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22r) questionnaire was recorded. Association between independent factors and outcomes of postbracing ≥ 6° kyphotic changes in the thoracic spine and ≥ 6° lordotic changes in the lumbar spine were tested using likelihood ratio chi-squared test and univariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression models were then generated for both outcomes with odds ratios (ORs), and with SRS-22r scores.ResultsReduced T5-12 kyphosis (mean -4.3° (sd 8.2); p < 0.001), maximum thoracic kyphosis (mean -4.3° (sd 9.3); p < 0.001), and lumbar lordosis (mean -5.6° (sd 12.0); p < 0.001) were observed after bracing treatment. Increasing prebrace maximum kyphosis (OR 1.133) and lumbar lordosis (OR 0.92) was associated with postbracing hypokyphotic change. Prebrace sagittal vertical axis (OR 0.975), prebrace sacral slope (OR 1.127), prebrace pelvic tilt (OR 0.940), and change in maximum thoracic kyphosis (OR 0.878) were predictors for lumbar hypolordotic changes. There were no relationships between coronal deformity, thoracic kyphosis, or lumbar lordosis with SRS-22r scores.ConclusionBrace treatment leads to flatback deformity with thoracic hypokyphosis and lumbar hypolordosis. Changes in the thoracic spine are associated with similar changes in the lumbar spine. Increased sacral slope, reduced pelvic tilt, and pelvic incidence are associated with reduced lordosis in the lumbar spine after bracing. Nevertheless, these sagittal parameter changes do not appear to be associated with worse quality of life. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1370–1378.
The current role of robotics in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Kayani Babar , Konan Sujith , Ayuob Atif , Ayyad Salamah , Haddad Fares S. 
Published: November 2019

Robotic total hip arthroplasty (THA) improves accuracy in achieving the planned acetabular cup positioning compared to conventional manual THA. Robotic THA improves precision and reduces outliers in restoring the planned centre of hip rotation compared to conventional manual THA. Improved accuracy in restoring hip biomechanics and acetabular cup positioning in robotic THA have not translated to any differences in early functional outcomes, correction of leg-length discrepancy, or postoperative complications compared to conventional manual THA. Limitations of robotic THA include substantive installation costs, additional radiation exposure, steep learning curves for gaining surgical proficiency, and compatibility of the robotic technology with a limited number of implant designs. Further higher quality studies are required to compare differences in conventional versus robotic THA in relation to long-term functional outcomes, implant survivorship, time to revision surgery, and cost-effectiveness. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:618-625. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180088
he amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: past and present, hopes and disappointments
Authors: Litvinenko I. V. , Emelin A. Yu. , Lobzin V. Yu. , Kolmakova K. A. , Naumov K. M. , Lupanov I. A. , Kilivaeva G. A. , Alizade M. R. 
Published: November 2019

In 1887, S.A. Belyakov, a physician of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy, first described amyloid deposits in the brain of patients with dementia. Later, in 1906, A. Alzheimer revealed amyloid plaques and tau tangles in a patient with clinical signs of dementia. Over the following 100 years, the development of the concept of the amyloid origin of Alzheimer's disease (AD) confirmed numerous relationships between the brain accumulation of APs and cognitive decline. And if at the beginning of the amyloid era many researchers considered that the disease was caused by amyloid beta (Aβ) protein overproduction, in recent years they have increasingly pointed to a defect in the mechanisms of Aβ clearance, especially after the discovery of the lymphatic system of the brain. The role of disturbed homeostasis of redox-active metals, primarily iron and copper, in the development of the disease is also considered.The amyloid hypothesis of AD has served as the basis for several areas in the design of drugs, such as secretase inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs for active and passive immunization. However, only one drug (Akatinol memantine, an inhibitor of NMDA receptors and glutamatergic excitotoxicity) for the treatment of AD has been introduced into clinical practice over the past 20 years. Of interest are the data obtained in new studies of Akatinol memantine, which suggest that the latter is able to some extent affect the main pathophysiological processes underlying the development of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer-type pathology.
Secondary hypokalemic myoplegias
Authors: Sakovets T. G. , Bogdanov E. I. 
Published: November 2019

Objective:to investigate the features of clinical manifestations and course of secondary hypokalemic myoplegia (SHM) of various etiologies.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 10 patients with SHM. The patients' mean age was 39.5±16.2 years. The cause of SHM was hyperaldosteronism in 3 cases, thyrotoxicosis in 1, nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis in 2, and severe toxicosis and massive obstetric hemorrhage in 4.Results and discussion. The blood potassium level difference between days 7 and 1 of hospitalization in patients with hyperaldosteronism and thyrotoxicosis was 2.2±0.4 mmol/l; this indicator in the other patients was less (1.6±0.8 mmol/l). The dynamics of an increase in the blood potassium concentrations during the 7 days differed significantly in 4 pregnant women who had undergone a cesarean section for placental abruption, antenatal fetal death, or their severe toxicosis with suddenly developed neuromuscular disorders (2.1±0.8 mmol/l), and in other patients with SHM (1.4±0.2 mmol/l). SHM in Conn's syndrome and thyrotoxicosis was characterized by long-term (11.8±3.6-day) neuromuscular disorders, while in SHM of another etiology, there were shorter (5.8±4-day) muscle weakness episodes (p<0.05). The SHM duration was recorded to be shorter in 4 pregnant women (4.3±4 days) than that in the other patients (10.3±2.9 days) (p<0.05). In nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis, the duration of hypokalemic paralysis (HP) was significantly longer (9±1.4 days) than in pregnancy (4.3±3.9 days). The episodes of HP in thyrotoxicosis and aldosteroma turned out to be longer (495.8±331.5 days) (p<0.05) than those in the presence of electrolyte changes in pregnant women and in rhabdomyolysis (14±5.7 days). In patients without adrenal tumors, thyrotoxicosis, the SHM periods requiring urgent hospitalization were more prolonged in nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis (30±8.5 days) (p<0.05) than those in the presence with electrolyte disorders in pregnant women (11.2±3.7 days).Conclusion. The differential diagnostic algorithm for examining patients with acute flaccid paralysis of various etiologies due to hypokalemia has not been well elaborated, especially in endocrine disease and rhabdomyolysis. The differences in the rate of hypokalemia reversal in hyperaldosteronism, thyrotoxicosis, and rhabdomyolysis are likely to be associated with the multifactorial etiology of SHM. An incorrect assessment of the etiology of SHM is a common reason for its late diagnosis and inadequate treatment.
The use of vortioxetine for the correction of depression in Parkinson's disease: an example of clinical cases
Authors: Miliukhina I. V. 
Published: November 2019

The prevalence of depression in Parkinson's disease (PD) amounts to as much as 90%. The paper describes patients at different ages and with different durations of PD in its early and advanced stages and with various types of depressive disorder.The described clinical cases show that depression substantially worsens quality of life in a patient with PD and makes it difficult to choose antiparkinsonian therapy. Depression remains unrecognized on average in half of patients, while only a quarter of patients with identified depression receive timely treatment with antidepressants. PD complicated by depression is characterized by a faster progression and more significantly impaired quality of life and cognitive status than PD without affective disorders. Patients with PD and depressive disorder are characterized by an insufficient response to standard doses of antiparkinsonian drugs, which often leads to an irrational increase in the dose of dopaminergic drugs and to the development of complications.Difficulties in choosing an antidepressant for PD are associated with the development of a complex multicomponent neurotransmitter imbalance in this disease. The prescription of multimodal antidepressants can solve this problem.It is necessary to timely detect and correct depression in patients with PD using the currently available drugs and nonpharmacological methods (psychotherapy and physical rehabilitation).
The features of the pathogenesis and clinical picture of Parkinson's disease that has developed in essential tremor
Authors: Kudrevatykh A. V. , Miliukhina I. V. 
Published: November 2019

In the past decades, there has been evidence on the relationship between Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). In addition, PD frequently develops in already existing ET. The occurrence of PD in ET seems to be a problem of relevance, since the risk of PD is higher in patients with ET than that in the population. However, due to the lack of awareness about this nosological phenomenon among physicians, it can be difficult to formulate a diagnosis of PD that has developed in ET.This paper gives an update on the clinical, epidemiological, pathogenetic, and neuroimaging characteristics of ET concurrent with PD.
A critical analysis of literacy discourses in two urban neighbourhoods in Brazil
Authors: Rios Guilherme Veiga 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Literacy is a contested word, as Brian Street said in his article “The meanings of literacy”, which appeared in 1999 in Literacy: an international handbook, the work he co-edited with Daniel Wagner and Richard Venezky. Its meaning varies across countries with different levels of schooling. There is also considerable variation in academic and popular senses of literacy. Dominant, formal, school literacies have had longstanding visibility in academic research and in official policies. However, there is now greater awareness and understanding of the discursive contrasts between school and home/community literacies, between dominant and vernacular literacies, between formal and informal literacies in the academy and in official policies. In this article, I distinguish between dominant discourses about literacy, on the one hand, and critical knowledge of literacy, on the other hand. I argue that they represent two very different perspectives in public debates on literacy. Taking account of the differences between these perspectives shows us how everyday life can be a space for struggle and contestation over meanings and for the construction of future discourses about literacy. I characterise the relationship between vernacular and dominant literacies by employing Jürgen Habermas’ constructs of lifeworld and systems, as he defined them in The theory of communicative action in 1987. I also employ part of the explanatory framework proposed for Critical Discourse Analysis by Lilie Chouliaraki and Norman Fairclough, in 1999, in Discourse in late modernity. In the central sections of the article, I then draw on ethnographic research, related to literacy, that I carried out in two socioeconomically differentiated neighbourhoods in Brazil. My discussion focuses on ideological issues related to literacy emerging from the ethnographic fieldwork in these two Brazilian neighbourhoods.
Taking account of discourses, literacy practices and uses of texts in ethnographic research on educational inclusion: insights from two studies in Brazil
Authors: Magalhães Izabel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article examines policy change in special education in Brazil, with regard to educational provision for learners with special needs. There has been a far-reaching policy shift from educational provision for such learners in special schools to provision in mainstream schools. The focus of the research reported here was on particular educational settings, schools and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Brazil. The research provided insights into the different discourses about inclusion that circulated in these settings and into the limited nature of capacity-building for teachers. It also showed that some teachers and educational practitioners (e.g. peripatetic support staff) were devising inclusive pedagogic practice by drawing on different textual and multimodal resources, thereby demonstrating individual agency and reflexivity. At the same time, they were constrained by the paperwork demands associated with the management and monitoring of policy change. These managerial constraints are illustrated here, with reference to the institutional practices, the particular literacy events, and the power asymmetries involved in the production of student evaluations. The article highlights the value of taking account of situated literacy practices and the uses of particular kinds of texts and genres in ethnographic research into educational policy processes, as well as analyzing policy discourses.
The impact of Crocus sativus stigma against methotrexate-induced liver toxicity in rats
Authors: Hoshyar Reyhane , Sebzari Ahmadreza , Balforoush Mohadeseh , Valavi Masoomeh , Hosseini Mehran 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The adverse effects of methotrexate (MTX) mainly hepatotoxicity restrict its clinical use. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of saffron (Crocus sativus) (CS) extract on MTX-induced hepatotoxicity.

Methods
Twenty-eight male Wistar rats randomly divided into four equal groups. Except for control, all groups received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of MTX on the 3rd day of study. The CS extract was given (80 mg/kg i.p.) to rats 3 days before MTX and continued for the next 7 days (Pre&Post-CS group) or administrated after MTX injection and lasted for 7 days (Post-CS group). On the 11th day, all rats were sacrificed and their plasma levels of liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined. Also, liver histopathology and hepatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and super oxidase dismutase (SOD) were evaluated.

Results
The results showed that MTX significantly incremented plasma levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH (all p<0.001) and hepatic MDA and NO levels; whereas, decreased SOD activity. Histological alterations such as early fatty changes were evident in the MTX group. Administration of CS extract at both methods could ameliorate liver enzyme elevation, oxidative/nitrosative stresses and morphological alterations of the liver. Pre-and-post treatment with CS extract showed better protective effects than only post-treatment.

Conclusion
The present findings provide showing CS could effectively alleviate MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Further investigations are recommended to determine the exact mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective potential of saffron.
Improved Performance Investigation of 10 Gb/s–10 GHz 4-QAM Based OFDM-Ro-FSO Transmission Link
Authors: Grover Amit , Sheetal Anu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work, a 10 Gb/s–10 GHz hybrid orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-radio-over-free space optics (Ro-FSO) transmission link using 4-level quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) has been modeled and its performance is investigated under different atmospheric conditions and system parameters. A link distance of 4000

m

m

at 10 Gb/s was achieved using the proposed link. Also, an improved performance by using a square root module (SRm) at the receiver end has been demonstrated. The results show a significant improvement in SNR and total received power using the proposed detection technique.
Dividend Practices in Listed Companies: Study on the Manufacturing Sector of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Mohammad Shahidul , Adnan Atm 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The dividend model of the listed manufacturing firms and the organizational policies related to dividend decisions are analyzed to reveal the contemporary state of the payout pattern in the capital market of Bangladesh. This study exhibits the settings of dividend disbursement in association with the diverse aspects of the firm such as industry segment of the firm, the age of the firms, size, leverage, risk, and earnings.
Possible Impact of Facebook’s Libra on Volatility of Bitcoin: Evidence from Initial Coin Offer Funding Data
Authors: Senarathne Chamil W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of Libra on volatility of Bitcoin using the classical framework of C. G. Lamoureux and W. D. Lastrapes (1990). ARCH and GARCH effects disappear when lagged ICO funding size is included in the variance equation. A negative association between volatility and funding size and the disappearance of volatility persistence (long-term volatility effect) suggest that Libra, as a dominant new currency, is likely to stabilize the cryptocurrency market and enhance potential for currency diversification. Furthermore, it is revealed that the stability cannot be ensured merely by backing decentralized blockchain instruments, such as Bitcoin, with bank deposits, government securities or exchange rate.
Exploring the Effect of Ambient Scent on Consumer Impulsive Buying Behaviour: Theoretical Insights
Authors: Šliburytė Laimona , Vaitiekė Jurgita 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper analyses the sensory marketing of the sense of smell, its dimensions and usage in marketing decisions. By invoking the scent marketing decisions, one aims at attracting the consumer attention, to keep him/ her at a point of sale as long as possible, to affect the behaviour and encourage an impulsive process of buying decision making. The theoretical study was performed by analysing the insights of Lithuanian and foreign authors on the purpose of elaborating the coherence between the ambient scent at the point of sale and the consumer impulse buying behaviour. It was revealed during the study that the ambient scent at a point of sale can be assessed as a stimulus which invokes the consumer’s impulsive buying behaviour. The logic of the prepared conceptual model is related to S-O-R paradigm: the environmental stimulus (ambient scent at a point of sale) affects the human organism (consumer internal response) and causes reaction (consumer impulsive buying behaviour).