bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency department resuscitative thoracotomy at an adult major trauma centre: Outcomes following a training programme with standardised indications
Authors: Fitzgerald Mark C , Yong Matthew S , Martin Katherine , Zimmet Adam , Marasco Silvana F , Mathew Joseph , Smit De Villiers , Yeung Meei , Tan Gim A , Marquez Marc , Cheung Zoe , Boo Ellaine , Mitra Biswadev 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to report the procedural incidence and patient outcomes after the 2009 introduction of an institutional resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) programme. Emergency physicians, general surgeons and emergency nursing trauma team members were trained to perform RT on thoracic trauma patients with an unresponsive systolic blood pressure (SBP) <70 mmHg within 30 min of arrival, prior to cardiothoracic team back‐up.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent RT from 2009 to 2017. The primary outcome measures were the incidence of the procedure and patients' survival to hospital discharge. Variables associated with survival were assessed using univariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsThere were 12 399 major trauma patients, including 7657 with major thoracic trauma and 315 presenting with SBP <70 mmHg. There were 32 RTs performed (incidence of 0.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3–0.6) among patients with major thoracic trauma and 10.2% (99% CI 7.3–13.4) among patients with major thoracic trauma and SBP <70 mmHg. There were eight (25%; 95% CI 13.2–42.1) survivors to hospital discharge and no late mortality (mean follow‐up 2.8 years). Survival was significantly associated with the procedure performed within 30 min of arrival (odds ratio 0.09; 95% CI 0.01–0.67) while mortality was associated with the procedure being performed in the setting of traumatic cardiac arrest (odds ratio 18.3; 95% CI 2.4–140.4).ConclusionsA formal training and credentialing programme was associated with a low incidence of the procedure, yet achieved a survival rate of 25%, which is comparable to other reported literature.
Discovery of selection‐driven genetic differences of Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire pig breeds by EigenGWAS and Fst analyses
Authors: Tang Z. , Fu Y. , Xu J. , Zhu M. , Li X. , Yu M. , Zhao S. , Liu X. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryPigs are one of the earliest domesticated animals and multiple breeds have been developed to meet the various demands of consumers. EigenGWAS is a novel strategy to identify candidate genes that underlying population genetic differences and to infer candidate regions under selection as well. In this study, EigenGWAS and Fst analyses were performed using the public re‐sequencing data of three typical commercial pig breeds, Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire. The intersection of genome‐wide significant SNPs detected by EigenGWAS and top‐ranked 1% SNPs of Fst results were treated as signals under selection. Using the data of all three breeds, 3062 signals under selection were detected and the nearby genomic regions within 300 kb upstream and downstream covered 6.54% of whole genome. Pairs of breeds were analysed along with the pathway analysis. The gene function enrichment results indicated that many candidate genes located in the genomic regions of the signals under selection were associated with biological processes related to growth, metabolism, reproduction, sensory perception, etc. Among the candidate genes, the FSHB, AHR, PTHLH, KDR and FST genes were reported to be associated with reproductive performance; the KIT, KITLG, MITF, MC1R and EDNRB genes were previously identified to affect coat colour; the RETREG1, TXNIP, BMP5, PPARD and RBP4 genes were reported to be associated with lipid metabolism and growth traits. The identified genetic differences across the three commercial breeds will advance understanding of the artificial selection history of pigs and the signals under selection will suggest potential uses in pig genomic breeding programmes.
APPEAL‐1: A multiple‐country European survey assessing the psychosocial impact of peanut allergy
Authors: DunnGalvin Audrey , Blumchen Katharina , Timmermans Frans , Regent Lynne , Schnadt Sabine , Podestà Marcia , Sánchez Angel , Couratier Pascale , Feeney Mary , Hjorth Betina , Patel Ram , Lush Tessa , Ryan Robert , Vereda Andrea , Fernández‐Rivas Montserrat , Fisher Helen R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeanut allergy (PA) is a common, potentially life‐threatening and typically lifelong condition with a significant burden of illness. However, information is lacking on how persons with PA (PwPA) and their caregivers perceive the psychosocial impact of living with PA. The Allergy to Peanuts imPacting Emotions And Life 1 (APPEAL‐1) survey, conducted across Europe, investigated the experience and impact of living with PA. Here, we report data evaluating the psychosocial impact of PA on PwPA and their caregivers.MethodsAllergy to Peanuts imPacting Emotions And Life study 1 was an online survey conducted in eight European countries. Representatives of eight patient advocacy groups and five healthcare‐research specialists developed the survey. Eligible respondent groups included the following: adults diagnosed with PA (self‐report); parent/nonparent caregivers (proxy‐report for a child with PA); and parent/nonparent caregivers (self‐report of PA impact on themselves).ResultsOf 1846 total study respondents, 419 were adults with PA (self‐report); 546 were parents/caregivers (proxy‐report); and 881 were parents/caregivers (self‐report). Most respondents reported lifestyle restrictions regarding food (84%‐93%) and additional domains including parties and socializing, holiday activities and destinations, and taking public transport (53%‐89%). Approximately 40% rated themselves as “very” frustrated and “very” stressed. Two‐thirds (65%) felt socially isolated; 43% were bullied. Less than half felt confident in knowing when to use an adrenaline autoinjector. Several intercountry differences were observed such as high levels of uncertainty and stress in respondents from Ireland, highest rates of anxiety in respondents from Germany, and social exclusion and isolation most common in respondents from France.ConclusionsPeanut allergy imposes an adverse psychosocial impact on patients and caregivers, leading to frustration, stress and isolation. Attention to the impact of PA is needed in research and clinical practice to improve PA healthcare and public education programmes.
LA‐ICP‐MS dating of detrital zircon grains from the Cretaceous allochthonous bauxites of Languedoc (south of France): Provenance and geodynamic consequences
Authors: Marchand Emilie , Séranne Michel , Bruguier Olivier , Vinches Marc 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Cretaceous of southern France is characterised by a long erosional hiatus, outlined with bauxite deposits, which represent the only remaining sedimentary record of a key period for geodynamic reconstructions. Detrital zircons from allochthonous karst bauxites of Languedoc (Southern France) have been dated using LA‐ICP‐MS (Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry), in order to specify the age of deposition and to constrain the provenance of the weathered material. We analysed 671 single detrital zircons grains from three karst bauxitic basins, stretching from close to the Variscan Montagne Noire to the present‐day Mediterranean Sea. Analytical results provide Variscan (300–350 Ma) and Late Proterozoic (550–700 Ma) ages as primary groups. In addition, Middle‐, Late Proterozoic and Early Archean (oldest grain at 3.55 Ga) represent significant groups. Mid‐Cretaceous zircons (118–113 Ma) provide a pooled age of 115.5 ± 3.8 Ma, which constitutes the maximum age for bauxite deposition. Results also suggest a dual source for the Languedoc bauxite: one generalised sedimentary source of regional extent and a localised source in the Variscan basement structural high, that has been progressively unroofed during Albian. Integration of these new findings with previously published thermochronological data support the presence of an Early Cretaceous marly cover on the Variscan basement, which has been weathered and then, removed during the Albian. The Languedoc bauxite provide a spatial and temporal link between the uplift of southern French Massif Central to the north, and the Pyrenean rift and its eastward extension to the south. These new results allow to constrain the timing and distribution of uplift/subsidence during the mid‐Cretaceous events in relation with the motion of the Iberian plate relative to Eurasia.
The association of self‐esteem and psychosocial outcomes in young adults: a 10‐year prospective study
Authors: Arsandaux Julie , Galéra Cédric , Salamon Réda 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThis study investigates the association between self‐esteem assessed either in adolescence or in adulthood with adult academic and psychosocial outcomes.MethodOne hundred and thirty‐one junior high school students were selected based on their experience of academic difficulty or success, and both groups were selected equally from regular or low‐performing schools. Ten years later, 100 of these individuals participated in a follow‐up assessment of academic, socioprofessional, and health‐related outcomes. Logistic and linear regression models were performed to estimate the association of self‐esteem (measured by the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale) at baseline and at follow‐up, as well as change in self‐esteem categories (high vs. low) on all outcomes.ResultsFifty‐four percent of adolescents were consistently high in self‐esteem over the 10‐year period, 17% experienced an improvement, 21% a decrease, and 8% stayed at a low level. Outcomes at follow‐up were more consistently associated with young adult self‐esteem than adolescent self‐esteem. Self‐esteem was associated with several outcomes (i.e., personal goals, life satisfaction, alcohol, and health outcomes) and its effects were different depending on the period considered and categories of self‐esteem change.ConclusionsThe self‐esteem difficulties which are common in adolescence raise concerns about their potential impact on important outcomes later in life. However, self‐esteem difficulties in young adulthood were more associated with negative outcomes at this phase of life (whether low self‐esteem persisted into adulthood, or emerged only during adulthood). Relative to outcomes in young adulthood, the period of greatest interest for improving well‐being may be concentrated in the years immediately surrounding the studied outcomes.Key Practitioner Message

Self‐esteem change from adolescent to adulthood is associated with a large diversity of outcomes. Less is known concerning the extent to which adolescent self‐esteem may independently determine outcomes in young adulthood as compared to more temporally proximal self‐esteem levels.

Only self‐esteem difficulties in young adulthood were associated with negative outcomes at this phase of life (whether they persisted from adolescence into adulthood, or emerged for the first time during adulthood).

Targeting self‐esteem difficulties that are temporally proximal to the period of interest may improve mental health and well‐being.
Multiorgan procurement is associated with a survival benefit after heart transplantation
Authors: Magruder Jonathan Trent , Suzuki Yoshikazu , Sperry Alexandra , Vasquez Charles R. , Smood Benjamin , Grimm Joshua C. , Atluri Pavan , Bermudez Christian , Acker Michael A. , Wald Joyce W. , Cantu Edward , Cevasco Marisa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe assessed the impact of donor multiorgan procurement on survival following orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). From the UNOS STAR database, we included all adult (≥18 Y) heart transplants (OHT) performed since 2000 and used donor IDs to determine how many other organs were procured from the same donor as the recipient's heart allograft (regardless of recipient). The Kaplan‐Meier survival functions and risk‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were computed to assess the association of multiorgan procurement with post–heart transplantation mortality. We included 40 336 OHT patients. Including the heart, the median number of donor organs procured was 3 (IQR, 3‐4). Heart donors underwent liver procurement in 89.7%; kidney(s) in 98.1% (single 95%, bilateral 5%); lung(s) in 38.0% (single 28%, bilateral 72%); pancreas in 10.4%; and intestine in 1.6%. Following risk adjustment across 16 recipient‐ and donor‐specific variables, an increasing number of organs procured were independently associated with reduced post‐OHT mortality (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96‐0.99, P = .025). Though no significant associations were found examining specific organ types, double lung procurement trended toward a protective effect (HR 0.96, 0.92‐1.01, P = .086), with counts of non‐lung organs procured still bordering on significance (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95‐1.00, P = .067). These results likely reflect improved multiorgan donor quality.
Intralymphatic histiocytosis in healing cellulitis: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Goldsmith Joshua F. , Tahan Steven R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntralymphatic histiocytosis (ILH) is a rare skin benign condition observed in a variety of inflammatory settings. It is characterized by the presence of ectatic dermal lymphatic vessels containing aggregates of histiocytes. Associated conditions that have been identified include rheumatoid arthritis, metallic orthopedic implants, inflammatory bowel disease, and malignancies of the breast, skin, and colon. Some cases with no attributable underlying cause have been described. The pathophysiology of ILH is not well understood. It has been proposed that it may represent macrophage migration during immune activation. Herein, we present the first description of ILH observed in the healing phase of cellulitis on the skin of the breast. Awareness of this possibility is important when the diagnosis of intravascular carcinomatosis is being considered.
Detection method for Fusarium torreyae the canker pathogen of the critically endangered Florida torreya, Torreya taxifolia
Authors: Dreaden Tyler J. , Quesada Tania , Smith Jason A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFlorida torreya (Torreya taxifolia Arn.) is an endangered conifer with a very limited range in the USA: two counties in Florida and one in Georgia, along the Apalachicola River. The species was once abundant in its small native range but suffered a major decline, ~99% loss, in the late 1950s to early 1960s that is thought to have been caused by a disease. Recently, a canker disease caused by Fusarium torreyae was identified as the primary cause of Florida torreya decline. Efforts to restore and preserve the species in situ and ex situ are hampered by lack of pathogen‐free planting stock, and there exists an interest in methods to verify pathogen presence in seeds and seedlings prior to collection and transport for planting. This paper presents a new species‐specific diagnostic method that enables detection of F. torreyae and may allow for conservation programmes to ensure germplasm is free of the pathogen prior to planting.
Dental faculty and student views of didactic and clinical assessment: A qualitative description study
Authors: Perez Arnaldo , Green Jacqueline L. , Starchuk Colleen , Senior Anthea , Compton Sharon M. , Gaudet‐Amigo Gisele , Lai Hollis , Linke Bernard , Patterson Steven 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveAlthough assessment is essential to accurately represent student learning, little is currently known about student and faculty perceptions of assessment in dental schools. Our study aimed to explore faculty and student views of didactic and clinical assessments in the School of Dentistry at the University of Alberta.MethodQualitative description informed the study design. Data were collected through focus groups and analysed inductively using manifest content analysis.ResultsFive focus groups were conducted with faculty (n = 34) and three with students (n = 19). Faculty and student views of assessment were related to improvements made (perceived positive changes), improvements needed (perceived limitations) and improvements recommended (recommendations to improve perceived limitations). Faculty and students reported that improvements made (eg adequacy of assessment to students’ levels of training) varied across instructors, courses and learning environments. Both faculty and students perceived clinical assessments as less appropriate than didactic assessments. Faculty perceived limitations were mostly related to assessment appropriateness, especially assessment accuracy and comprehensiveness, whilst student perceived limitations included other issues related to appropriateness (eg misalignment with course objectives) as well as issues related to assessment volume, pace and scheduling. Similarly, faculty recommendations focused on enhancing the assessment of clinical competencies, whilst students’ recommendations aimed to also improve assessment scheduling, volume and usage (eg for learning purposes).ConclusionsFaculty and student views of assessment complemented one another. Our data show that assessment in dental education is multidimensional, so that multilevel strategies may be needed to improve this component of dental curricula.
Systemic involvement in adult‐onset leukoencephalopathy with intracranial calcifications and cysts (Labrune syndrome) with a novel mutation of the SNORD118 gene
Authors: Bonomo G. , Monfrini E. , Borellini L. , Bonomo R. , Arienti F. , Saetti M. C. , Di Fonzo A. , Locatelli M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeAlthough Labrune syndrome is a well‐known disorder characterized by a typical neuroradiological triad, namely leukoencephalopathy, intracranial calcifications and cysts, there are no reports of systemic involvement in this disorder. This paper attempts to describe a peculiar clinical manifestation related to a novel mutation in the SNORD118 gene.MethodsClinical examination, brain and total‐body imaging, and neurophysiological and ophthalmological investigations were performed. Amplification of the SNORD118 gene and Sanger sequencing were integrated to investigate potential causative mutations.ResultsA 69‐year‐old woman, with a long history of episodes of vertigo and gait imbalance, was referred to our hospital for progressive cognitive and motor deterioration. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging disclosed diffuse bilateral leukoencephalopathy in periventricular and deep white matter, widespread calcifications and numerous cysts in the brain, liver, pancreas and kidneys. The genetic analysis revealed two biallelic variants in the SNORD118 gene, one of which is novel (n.60G>C).ConclusionsThis is the first report of adult‐onset Labrune syndrome with an unusual systemic involvement presenting a novel mutation in the SNORD118 gene.
Cross‐species transmission of deltacoronavirus and the origin of porcine deltacoronavirus
Authors: Ye Xu , Chen Yingjin , Zhu Xinyu , Guo Jiahui , Xie Da , Hou Zhenzhen , Xu Shangen , Zhou Junwei , Fang Liurong , Wang Dang , Xiao Shaobo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDeltacoronavirus is the last identified Coronaviridae subfamily genus. Differing from other coronavirus (CoV) genera, which mainly infect birds or mammals, deltacoronaviruses (δ‐CoVs) reportedly infect both animal types. Recent studies show that a novel δ‐CoV, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), can also infect calves and chickens with the potential to infect humans, raising the possibility of cross‐species transmission of δ‐CoVs. Here, we explored the deep phylogenetic history and cross‐species transmission of δ‐CoVs. Virus–host cophylogenetic analyses showed that δ‐CoVs have undergone frequent host switches in birds, and sparrows may serve as the unappreciated hubs for avian to mammal transmission. Our molecular clock analyses show that PDCoV possibly originated in Southeast Asia in the 1990s and that the PDCoV cluster shares a common ancestor with Sparrow‐CoV of around 1,810. Our findings contribute valuable insights into the diversification, evolution, and interspecies transmission of δ‐CoVs and the origin of PDCoV, providing a model for exploring the relationships of δ‐CoVs in birds and mammals.
Effect of jig constraint state during welding process on fatigue properties of Al/CFRP dissimilar welds and fatigue life evaluation based on singular stress
Authors: Ogawa Yuki , Nakahara Fumiya , Akebono Hiroyuki , Tanaka Kojiro , Sugeta Atsushi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractManufacturers have been promoting multimaterial designs. So the dissimilar material welding methods are being developed. Especially, heat welding technology, which is a direct joining by local heating, has been focussed. Therefore, this study used a heat welding technology for friction stir spot welding of aluminium alloy and carbon fibre‐reinforced plastic. This study investigated the effect of changes to jig constraint of joined members on the fatigue properties of joints. Also, the fatigue life estimation was carried out by considering the singular stress at the welding joint interface. As a result, the fatigue strength of joint in a less constrained state is higher than that in a more constrained state. The singular stress intensity at the slit tip was uniformly predicted by the differences in welding parameters of joints.
Distinct controls over the temporal dynamics of soil carbon fractions after land use change
Authors: Luo Zhongkui , Viscarra Rossel Raphael A. , Shi Zhou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC), the largest terrestrial carbon pool, plays a significant role in soil‐related ecosystem services such as climate regulation, soil fertility and agricultural production. However, its fate under land use change is difficult to predict. A major issue is that SOC comprised of numerous organic compounds with potentially distinct and poorly understood turnover properties. Here we use spatiotemporal measurements of the particulate (POC), mineral‐associated (MOC) and charred SOC (COC) fractions from 176 trials involving changes in land use to assess their underlying controls. We find that the initial pool sizes of each of the three fractions consistently and dominantly control their temporal dynamics after changes in land use (i.e. the baseline effects). The effects of climate, soil physicochemical properties and plant residues, however, are fraction‐ and time‐dependent. Climate and soil properties show similar importance for controlling the dynamics of MOC and COC, while plant residue inputs (in term of their quantity and quality) are much less important. For POC, plant residues and management practices (e.g. the frequency of pasture in crop‐pasture rotation systems) are substantially more important, overriding the influence of climate. These results demonstrate the pivotal role of measuring SOC composition and considering fraction‐specific stabilization and destabilization processes for effective SOC management and reliable SOC predictions.
Open innovation and innovative performance of universities: Evidence from China
Authors: Ye Lei , Zeng Gang , Cao Xianzhong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUniversity–industry interactions have been extensively discussed by economic geographers. However, while universities increasingly engage in local and nonlocal interactions with the industry, there is a lack of evidence concerning the consequences of universities becoming involved in these open innovation processes. Therefore, this study empirically examines the effects of local and nonlocal knowledge interactions on the innovative performance of universities by utilizing a large panel database constructed from a sample of 185 universities in China. First, we observe that both local and nonlocal interactions have an inverted U‐shaped relationship with university innovative performance. Second, local interactions combined with nonlocal interactions have a negative effect on the innovative performance of universities. Finally, we find that a balance is required between local and nonlocal interactions to enhance university performance. These results have important implications for policy design.