bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dipole of tropical cyclone outgoing long‐wave radiation
Authors: Smith Mohan , Toumi Ralf 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale (500 ≤ r ≤ 2,200 km) outgoing long‐wave radiation (OLR) and water vapour (WV) fields are investigated in satellite observations over the Pacific, linked to ERA‐5 reanalysis data and the ECMWF ensemble forecasts of tropical cyclones (TC) globally. A large‐scale OLR dipole pattern of low and high fluxes are found in both the observations and model. As expected, a low OLR region is positioned within the TC circulation, but there is also a robust high OLR region poleward and west of the TC centre. A dry “black hole” on WV grey‐scale imagery occupies the same region of high OLR. Relative to the central low OLR TC signal, the typical dipole magnitude, distance and orientation of the high OLR regions are 230 W·m−2, 1,150 km, and 145° anticlockwise from east. From the reanalysis we find that the interaction between the vortex and the environmental flows produces upper‐level convergence, low‐level divergence and subsidence throughout the troposphere in the region of high OLR. Analysis of the ECMWF model shows that the position of the high OLR region rotates anticlockwise about the TC centre as the TC moves from westward to eastward. Through use of a sub‐ensemble, we test if capturing the high OLR anomaly has a significant relationship with TC track. We apply a perfect model approach and find that sub‐ensembles that are composed of models whose large‐scale OLR fields closely match the target TC also have a better track. This improvement is mostly attributed to the high OLR component of the dipole.
Hyper‐progressive disease after immune checkpoint inhibitor in SMARCA4‐deficient small‐cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Chiba Yosuke , Kawanami Toshinori , Yamasaki Kei , Uchimura Keigo , Matsuyama Atsuji , Yatera Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSMARCA4 (switch/sucrose non‐fermentable‐related, matrix‐associated, actin‐dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4)‐deficient thoracic tumours have shown poor prognosis in clinical settings. Although the optimal treatment for SMARCA4‐deficient thoracic tumours remains unclear, existing studies indicate a favourable response of these tumours to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, there are no reports of fatality in SMARCA4‐deficient small‐cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) with hyper‐progressive disease (HPD) upon treatment with ICIs. Herein, we report a patient with SMARCA4‐deficient SCLC who had HPD after the first ICI treatment. A 35‐year‐old man was treated with nivolumab, subsequent to cytotoxic chemotherapy. A week after nivolumab initiation, chest computed tomography revealed marked increase in pleural effusion in the right lung and chest wall dissemination of the tumour, which concur with the definition of HPD. This is the first study to report the occurrence of HPD after treatment with ICIs in a patient with SMARCA4‐deficient SCLC. Analysis of additional data is necessary to determine the optimal treatment for these patients.
Asymptotic tracking control for uncertain strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with delayed full‐state constraints
Authors: Li Yajun , Liang Shuai , Hou Mingshan 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the asymptotic tracking control problem for a class of strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with delayed full‐state constraints and nonparametric uncertainties. It is worth mentioning that delayed constraints, which represent a type of constraints that may be violated initially but required to be satisfied sometime after system operation, are frequently encountered in practice and yet not well addressed in existing works. In addition, it is extremely difficult to guarantee exact tracking performance for nonlinear systems when nonparametric uncertainties are considered in the control design. In this article, we propose a new state‐shifting transformation (SST) and a novel asymptotic Lyapunov function (ALF) to deal with delayed constraints and achieve asymptotic tracking, respectively. The transformed states grow to infinity as the original ones approach their limits, and the tracking errors converge to zero as time goes to infinity if the related ALF is always bounded. Hence, the delayed full‐state constraints and asymptotic tracking can be guaranteed if the boundness of the transformed states and the related ALF are both ensured. For this purpose, a novel fuzzy adaptive backstepping control scheme based on the proposed SST and ALF is developed. And the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is theoretically authenticated and numerically validated.
Aligning science and policy of regenerative agriculture
Authors: Al‐Kaisi Mahdi M. , Lal Rattan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScientific findings since the 1980s indicate conventional agriculture (CONVA) accounts for 8 to 12% of U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, or 23% of the country's total anthropogenic forcing of climate change. In contrast, according to the United Nations Environmental Programs (UNEP), regenerative agriculture (RA) practices, such as, no‐till (NT) has helped reduce emission of 241 Tg of carbon dioxide (CO2) since the 1970s. U.S. Farm Bills and other international policies have helped encourage adoption of RA practices, such as NT, but major challenges remain, if a potential climate change impact of CONVA is to be reduced. One approach would be to adopt more efficient and robust production systems such as RA. Regenerative agriculture is designed to minimize external inputs and off‐site impacts, and has globally been adopted on ∼180 M ha, with the most common U.S. practice being NT on 22.6% of the cropland. Currently, the economic benefits of RA are the most evident on smallholder farms, where higher yields and decreased labor for land preparation including weeding (9 and 19 d ha−1, respectively) have been recorded. A greater RA return to labor compared with CONVA suggests it may be an efficient low‐input farming approach that requires less energy and reduces waste while sustaining productivity and perhaps increasing profitability within a semi‐closed system. No‐till is used here to illustrate the proposed system because it reduces CO2 release into the atmosphere and increases surface‐layer SOC storage. Globally, there is significant room for RA improvement, confirming the need for additional research and technology transfer along with robust policy articulation.
Magnetic susceptibility in the prediction of soil attributes in southern Brazil
Authors: Ramos Priscila Vogelei , Inda Alberto Vasconcellos , Barrón Vidal , Teixeira Daniel De Bortoli , Marques José 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlobal demand for soil information has led to investigations that have adopted ways to estimate soil attributes quickly and effectively. In this context, magnetic susceptibility (χ) has gained prominence because it is a technique capable of estimating other attributes that are more difficult to acquire. This study aimed to (a) evaluate the performance of χ for the prediction of sand, silt, clay, hue, hematite/(hematite + goethite) ratio, Fe content of pedogenic iron oxides, and remaining phosphorus and (b) develop maps of χ, soil attributes and attributes predicted by χ in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Here, 198 soil samples under forest and native pasture were used for testing the potential of χ as a predictive technique, separating the data into calibration (nc = 149) and validation sets (nv = 49). Linear regression was used to obtain the pedotransfer equations according to soil classes and lithology. To visualize the distribution of the values of χ and other soil attributes in RS, maps were made with the real values of χ and the real and estimated values of soil attributes. The great range of the χ values and related attributes was associated with the lithological and pedological influence, allowing the construction of predictive models that encompass a large gradient of χ. In the predictions made in groups, the attributes of Oxisols and Ultisols were best estimated by χ; however, among the lithology groups, the extrusive igneous rocks stood out.
Structural Isomerism of Two Ce‐BTC for Fabricating Pt/CeO2 Nanorods toward Low‐Temperature CO Oxidation
Authors: Fan Longlong , Wang Kun , Xu Kaiji , Liang Zhongyin , Wang Huipu , Zhou Shu‐Feng , Zhan Guowu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted enormous research interest as precursors/templates to prepare catalytic materials. However, the effect of structural isomerism of MOFs on the catalytic performance has rarely been studied. In this contribution, two topologically different Ce‐benzene tricarboxylate (Ce‐BTC) based on the same ligands and metal centers (viz., “MOF isomers”) are prepared and used as porous supports to load Pt nanoparticles (NPs), which shows distinct differences in porosities and loading behaviors of Pt. Strikingly, an irreversible framework transformation from tetragonal Ce‐BTC to monoclinic isomer is observed during water soaking treatment. The results give clear evidence that Pt/CeO2 derived from tetragonal Ce‐BTC inclines to produce more Pt0 and smaller Pt NPs, which eventually improve the catalytic performance for CO oxidation (T100 = 80 °C). In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy analyses demonstrate that the adsorbed CO–Pt0 is the dominant intermediate for CO oxidation, rather than CO–Ptσ+ at the low temperature. Furthermore, MOF isomers based on the same structural units are also found in other Ln‐MOFs, such as Er‐BTC, Eu‐BTC, Y‐BTC, and Ce/Y‐BTC. Overall, this study affords a fundamental understanding of the effect of MOF structural isomers on the catalytic performance of the derived composites.
The utilitarian–maximin social welfare function and anomalies in social choice
Authors: Schneider Mark , Kim Byung‐Cheol 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwo major criteria of distributive justice are the utilitarian criterion and the maximin criterion. We offer a simple axiomatic characterization of a mixed utilitarian–maximin social welfare function. This social welfare function explains recent empirical violations of the standard cardinal social choice theory such as the social Allais paradox and the social common ratio effect. In addition, it offers a new foundation for the positively skewed wealth distributions in society. It also provides an objective function for mechanism design applications that trades off maximizing surplus and minimizing inequality.
Prediction of the VDT Worker's Headache Using Convolutional Neural Network with Class Activation Mapping
Authors: Sharara Elsayed A. , Tsuji Akinori , Karungaru Stephen , Terada Kenji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA headache and drowsiness are the most common symptoms of fatigue caused by a long duration of work using a visual display terminal (VDT). A sign of the headache generally involves placing a hand on the head, eyes, nose, or face. The recognition of these gestures is a challenging problem due to the difficulty in similar skin color of hands and face. In this paper, a method for classifying six hand over face poses, which can identify the signs of headache for the VDT workers is presented. In the proposed method, a deep learning based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the classification of the hand poses is applied. In addition, a class activation map (CAM) to visualize the prediction of the classification network for localization of the hand over face poses was implemented. From the experimental results, the hand poses as the signs of frontal, and unilateral headaches without the classification overfitting and data biasing errors were successfully classified. Our proposed method has achieved high accuracy recognition ratio of 98.5% for classification of the hand over face poses as the prediction of headaches. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Adsorptive removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents using cow dung as the biosorbent: Kinetic and isotherm modeling
Authors: Saraswat Sushil Kumar , Demir Muslum , Gosu Vijayalakshmi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article investigated an eco‐friendly technique for the removal of heavy metals using biosorbent derived from cow dung. Heavy metals bearing wastewater were collected from a common effluent treatment plant located at Sangariya, Jodhpur (Rajasthan, India) to evaluate the removal efficiency of synthesized cow dung–activated carbon. The prepared activated carbon materials have a high surface area in the range of 948–1072 m2/g and also have significant quantities of micropore and mesopore volumes. Furthermore, pore diameters were in the range of 2.24–2.33 nm. Surface morphology was improved after being treated with NaOH. The adsorbent material was found to be an efficient medium for the removal of Cr(VI) and Cd(II). The results revealed that more than 95.6% of Cr(VI) and 66.88% of Cd(II) were achieved at the optimized condition of pH12.0, initial concentration of heavy metals 10 mg/L, 300 min of contact time, and the dose of 0.2 g/L, whereas only 16.3% removal efficiency was observed for Ni(II). Equilibrium data have been analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Redlich and Peterson (R–P) isotherm models with the help of nonlinear regression analysis. Experimental data were best fitted for Freundlich and R–P isotherms.
Production of Chimeric Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigens in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Dobrica Mihaela-Olivia , Lazar Catalin , Branza-Nichita Norica 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The small (S) envelope protein of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), HBV-S, has the unique ability to self-assemble into highly immunogenic subviral particles (SVPs), in the absence of other viral factors, in eukaryotic cells, including those of nonhepatic origin. This feature is currently exploited for generation of SVPs exposing heterologous epitopes on their surface that can be used as vaccine candidates to target various diseases. Here, we describe a simple and robust method for production of such chimeric HBV-S protein-based SVPs in transiently transfected HEK293T cells and purification from cell supernatants by ultracentrifugation on sucrose cushion and sucrose step gradients. The SVPs obtained by this methodology have been successfully used in immunogenicity studies in animal models.
Climate Variability and Rural Livelihood Security: Impacts and Implications
Authors: Popoola Kehinde Olayinka , Jerneck Anne , Ajayi Sunday Adesola 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn a typical Nigerian village, the majority of the population comprises old people who are mostly economically unproductive due to reduced or loss of physical strength brought about by ageing and ill health. Many of these rural old people still work, and do so outside the formal sector, and are particularly susceptible to the effects of climate variability and change. Few studies have reported on climate change and the rural aged and there is a research gap as regards rural elderly peoples’ perception of climate variability impact on them. Since little is known about their perception of climate variability impacts and implications on the rural aged especially in relation to their livelihood activities in Sub-Saharan Africa, this chapter therefore examined the impact of climate variability on the livelihood security of the rural aged in different ecological zones of Nigeria.Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used for data collection. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews with four aged and four aged women selected purposively in each rural community and analyzed using Content Analysis Method. Quantitative data were obtained through structured questionnaire administered to an aged male and an aged female population available in selected houses (the aged are people 60 years and over in age) in selected rural communities in selected ecological zones of Nigeria. Where there was no combination of the two (aged men and aged women), either of the two was also sufficient.It was discovered that the ageds’ experiences of climate variability impact relate to the prevailing climate variability characteristic of each ecological zones. The impact on their livelihood in these zones is seen in terms of livestock death, lack of pastures for herds, scarcity of water, pest invasion, delayed planting crop failure, need for irrigation, water logging, drowning of small animals, human and animal illness. This means that planning decisions related to climate change issues should take cognizance of the views of the aged populations especially of those residing in rural areas as they are the most affected by the impact.
An Epilogue
Authors: Alm Erika , Berg Linda , Lundahl Hero Mikela , Johansson Anna , Laskar Pia , Martinsson Lena , Mulinari Diana , Wasshede Cathrin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

I den bästa av världar [In the best of worlds]
Den bästa av dagar [The best of days]
Vi slapp ju nazister [We did not have Nazis]
Så vad ska vi klaga? [So what should we complain about?]

In the above poem, trans* activist and spoken word poet Yolanda Aurora Bohm Ramirez (2018) both names the ways the lives of specific groups of people in Sweden are threatened by the increasing neo-Nazi violence and illuminates the response of the majoritarian population to these threats: their demands of silence where protest and criticism is made nearly impossible.
We Were Here, and We Still Are: Negotiations of Political Space Through Unsanctioned Art
Authors: Berg Linda , Lundgren Anna Sofia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, we examine the work of the Sámi artist Anders Sunna and the Egyptian artist Bahia Shebab in order to address strategies of artistic criticism of the relations between states and their citizens. Both artists are protesting against contemporary processes relating to space, state and nation, and they express themselves in ways that are embedded in the aesthetics of unsanctioned street art. This expression constitutes an interesting form of politics, situated somewhere in-between, or alongside, party politics and the practices of civil society. Our aim is to describe and discuss what we see as specifically effective and dynamic themes in the chosen artwork—the use of space as object and methodology, and the production of iconic imageries within fantasies of protest. The stencils and spray paintings of Shehab and Sunna offer us keys to exploring efforts to artistically reveal and dismantle national and neocolonial power.
Rainbow Flag and Belongings/Disbelongings: Öckerö Pride and Reclaim Pride in Gothenburg, Sweden 2019
Authors: Wasshede Cathrin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn spite of the rainbow flag’s importance as a symbol for transnational queer belonging and its meanings for the survival of queers all over the world, much critical queer Anglo-Saxon research and activism concerning the rainbow flag and the celebration of Pride claims that it has lost its radical potential through processes of normalisation, mainstreaming, homonationalism and commercialisation. In order to address other queer political issues, alternative Pride events are organized in parallel with conventional Pride celebrations.This chapter will discuss two Pride events held in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 2019, Reclaim Pride and Öckerö Pride, drawing on auto-ethnographic methods. It will reflect on two connected questions: What meanings, emotions, actions and temporalities are (re)produced as a result of the relationship between the events, the rainbow flag, the concept of Pride and the activists/participants—including the author? In what ways do the rainbow flag and the concept of Pride work as co-producers of belongings as well as disbelongings—and how does the author’s position as a Swedish, middle-class, white, lesbian, feminist, mother, former activist and now sociologist affect her feelings of belonging and disbelonging?It is shown that the rainbow flag is a very topical and heated cultural artefact in the Swedish political arena, in which racism, homophobia and Islamophobia are growing. The author’s experiences and emotions at the two Pride events reflect the ambivalent struggle that takes place at the borders of belonging and disbelonging. Temporality and space are important aspects of the contextualisation that needs to be applied in order to grasp the different effects that processes of inclusion and exclusion have on queer people in different places and situations.
Pink Porn Economy: Genealogies of Transnational LGBTQ Organising
Authors: Laskar Pia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStudying pre-2000s pink porn magazines reveals the importance of politics in-between in the development of LGBTQ transnational organising in the twentieth century. The usual historical narratives of LGBTQ politics in the North are based on medical or legislative documents or on self-identified queers’ descriptions of their own interactions with these discourses. However, these discourses and data only capture parts of how twentieth-century queers developed sexual subjectivity, became nationally and transnationally organised, and conducted sexual politics. This chapter uses Claire Colebrook’s (Understanding Deleuze. Australia: Allen and Unwin, 2002) feminist engagement in Deleuze’s and Guattari’s concept device to discuss transnational political networks that rhizomatically connected the makers, disseminators and subscribers of male same-sex porn magazines produced in Denmark and Sweden between 1960 and 1980. The concepts enable an analysis of the messy entanglement of desire, subjectivity processes, consumption, organising and activism, and of the shaping of certain queer communities of belonging while also excluding others. The application of gender analysis to the entanglement of pink porn economies in queer transnational networks sheds a genealogical light on the historical division between the emergence of vis-à-vis lesbian and gay networks and politics—and on the tensions between them regarding so-called positive or negative sexual rights in the decades to come.
A State Affair?: Notions of the State in Discourses on Trans Rights in Sweden
Authors: Alm Erika 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeparting from previous scholarly work that has studied the effects of state violence and conditional state recognition on the living conditions of gender-variant people (Beauchamp 2019; Linander 2018), this chapter explores the function of narratives of the state in discourses on trans rights in Sweden. It provides insights into the relation between state and civil society, and the practicalities of governance, through an examination of how activists interpellate the state and hold it accountable. With a critical inquiry into the hegemonic narrative that the Swedish state has a responsibility to alleviate the suffering of gender-variant citizens as a background, it addresses and situates the tension between liberal rights discourses of trans rights on the one hand and transformative politics asking for restorative justice on the other hand (Spade 2011). The argument is that the interpellation of the state can be understood as a strategy to repoliticise the violent effects of governance in times of neoliberalism.
Melancholia and the New Biological Psychiatry
Authors: Jansson Åsa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis chapter centres on the development of a neurophysiological model of melancholia, which emerged within the new academic psychiatry in the German states at mid-century, and was taken up into British literature in the 1860s and 70s. It considers Wilhem Griesinger’s model of psychological reflex action, which he used to explain the aetiology of mental disorders. Building on Griesinger’s model, Richard von Krafft-Ebing in Germany and Henry Maudsley in Britain offered two of the period’s most comprehensive descriptions of melancholia as a modern biomedical mood disorder. Finally the new neurophysiological model of melancholia is considered in relation to neurasthenia, a fashionable diagnosis in the United States in the last quarter of the century.