bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buprenorphine exposures in adolescents and adults: a 10‐year experience of a French Poison Control Center
Authors: Boulamery Audrey , von Fabeck Katharina , Glaizal Mathieu , de Haro Luc , Simon Nicolas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBuprenorphine has been used in pain and opioid addiction management for nearly 25 years. Compared to methadone, buprenorphine is thought to exhibit less side effects and respiratory depression in case of accidental or suicidal overdose. The aim was to describe the characteristics of exposures reported to a French Poison Control Center (PCC). We conducted a retrospective study including all buprenorphine exposures for which advice of our PCC was required between 2009 and 2018. After data extraction from the electronic medical files and anonymous transfer to an Access base, a statistical descriptive analysis was performed focusing on adolescents over 10 years old and adults. One hundred and ninety‐nine cases were analyzed. The major circumstances of exposure were suicide attempts and overdoses in patients with previously identified substance abuse. Buprenorphine exposures have been reduced by 50% between 2009 and 2018. Coingestions, often with benzodiazepines or antidepressants, were almost systematic and 79% of all the series exhibited at least one symptom. Among the symptomatic cases, neurological effects were the most frequent (83%) and respiratory symptoms occurred in 13%. No deaths were registered. Severity did not exceed PSS1 in 80% of all the cases. Treatment was mainly symptomatic even though naloxone was required in at least 5% of the symptomatic cases. Within 24 h after exposure, 120 patients were discharged from the emergency department. Despite loss to follow‐up, our results suggest that buprenorphine is relatively safe.
Social participation and barriers to community activities among middle‐aged and older Canadians: Differences and similarities according to gender and age
Authors: Naud Daniel , Généreux Mélissa , Alauzet Aline , Bruneau Jean‐François , Cohen Alan , Levasseur Mélanie 
Published: November 2020

AimThis study described and compared participation with community activities and perceived barriers among middle‐aged and older Canadians by gender and age group (45–64, 65–74, 75–84, ≥85 years).MethodUsing the cross‐sectional 2008–2009 Canadian Community Health Survey – Healthy Aging, we considered the frequency of involvement in eight community activities and the presence of 10 perceived personal and environmental barriers.ResultsAlthough frequency was globally similar for women and men (15.2 vs. 14.5 activities per month; P < 0.01), adults aged 65–74 years had higher participation (16.0 activities per month) than adults aged 45–64, 75–84 and ≥85 years (P < 0.01). Barriers showed wider gender and age gaps than participation to community activities. Notably, health condition limitations were the most reported barrier aged ≥65 years, and environmental barriers were generally greater for women than men, particularly transportation problems (P < 0.01), except ≥85 years.ConclusionThe results highlight that further study of social participation and barriers among older adults must consider gender and age differences. The differences are important to consider for designing population interventions aiming at improving social participation among aging Canadians. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 77–84.
Green tea extract rich in epigallocatechin gallate impairs alveolar bone loss in ovariectomized rats with experimental periodontal disease
Authors: Vargas‐Sanchez Paula Katherine , Pitol Dimitrius Leonardo , de Sousa Luiz Gustavo , Beloti Márcio Mateus , Rosa Adalberto Luiz , Rossi Ana Cláudia , Siéssere Selma , Bombonato‐Prado Karina Fittipaldi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPeriodontal disease and osteoporosis are characterized by bone resorption, and researchers have shown an association between these two diseases through increasing loss of systemic bone mass and triggering alveolar bone loss. Green tea is a common and easily accessible beverage, and evidences show that flavonoid epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) could decrease bone loss in pathologies such as osteoporosis and periodontal disease. In order to verify its possible effects and apply them in the treatment and prevention of these diseases, this investigation aimed to evaluate the influence of green tea extract (GTE) on bone metabolism of ovariectomized rats after experimental periodontal disease (EPD) by histological, morphological and microtomographic parameters. Wistar female rats were divided into Sham, Sham + EPD, Sham + EPD + GTE, OVX, OVX + EPD and OVX + EPD + GTE groups. Immediately after surgery, gavage administration of 50 mg/kg of green tea extract (GTE) was performed for 60 days, with subsequent induction of periodontal disease by ligature 15 days before euthanasia. Mandible and femur samples were collected for histological, morphometric and microtomographic analysis. The results were analysed by means of statistical software with significance set at 5%. Histological and morphometric analysis showed a significant decrease in alveolar and femoral trabecular bone loss in groups that received GTE. Microtomographic results showed that trabecular thickness and bone surface density values in alveolar bone interradicular septum of the OVX + EPD + GTE groups were similar to the Sham group. The results obtained suggest that green tea extract may improve bone metabolism in osteoporotic rats with periodontal disease.
The role of MKK4 in T‐cell development and immunity to viral infections
Authors: Preston Simon P , Doerflinger Marcel , Scott Hamish W , Allison Cody C , Horton Miles , Cooney James , Pellegrini Marc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe stress‐activated protein kinases (SAPKs)/c‐Jun‐N‐terminal‐kinases (JNK) are members of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase family. These kinases are responsible for transducing cellular signals through a phosphorylation‐dependent signaling cascade. JNK activation in immune cells can lead to a range of critical cellular responses that include proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. MKK4 is a SAPK that can activate both JNK1 and JNK2; however, its role in T‐cell development and function has been controversial. Additionally, loss of either JNK1 or JNK2 has opposing effects in the generation of T‐cell immunity to viral infection and cancer. We used mice with a conditional loss of MKK4 in T cells to investigate the in vivo role of MKK4 in T‐cell development and function during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. We found no physiologically relevant differences in T‐cell responses or immunity to either acute or chronic LCMV in the absence of MKK4.
Traditional Chinese Medicine as a complementary therapy in combat with COVID‐19—A review of evidence‐based research and clinical practice
Authors: Wu Xi Vivien , Dong Yanhong , Chi Yuchen , Yu Mingming , Wang Wenru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the literature on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) used in the treatment, prevention and supportive care in patients with COVID‐19.DesignA narrative review was performed.Data SourcesA systematic and comprehensive search was conducted on both Chinese and English electronic databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, PsycINFO. Articles published from 1 December 2019 ‐1 April 2020 were included in this review.Review MethodsStudies reporting on the treatment and prevention of COVID‐19 using TCM regardless of study designs were included. In addition, grey literatures, including media reports on Chinese government websites or official media websites and treatment guidelines were searched for TCM treatment and prevention on COVID‐19.ResultsLimited research has been published on the use of TCM for COVID‐19. We qualitatively described and synthesized the published research and current clinical practice on the use of TCM for COVID‐19, and focused on the following areas: TCM treatment used in SARS, MERS, H1N1; TCM treatment plan for COVID‐19; TCM in Prevention and Treatment at Early Stage of COVID‐19; TCM emotional therapy; and personalized TCM treatment plan.ConclusionThe combination of western medicine and TCM in treatment, and treatment based on the local condition, isolation, personal protective measures are of great significance for the prevention and treatment of COVID‐19. Relevant laboratory research and clinical evaluation should be continued to collect scientific evidences on the efficacy of TCM.ImpactTCM has been used in the treatment and prevention of COVID‐19 in China, and the clinical evidences indicated that TCM regulates immunity and exerts anti‐viral effect simultaneously. This review provides practical recommendation for the policymakers in the selection process of the treatment and preventive measures for the global pandemic of COVID‐19.
Cranial irradiation alters neuroinflammation and neural proliferation in the pituitary gland and induces late‐onset hormone deficiency
Authors: Xu Yiran , Sun Yanyan , Zhou Kai , Xie Cuicui , Li Tao , Wang Yafeng , Zhang Yaodong , Rodriguez Juan , Zhang Xiaoan , Shao Ruijin , Wang Xiaoyang , Zhu Changlian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCranial radiotherapy induces endocrine disorders and reproductive abnormalities, particularly in long‐term female cancer survivors, and this might in part be caused by injury to the pituitary gland, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cranial irradiation on the pituitary gland and related endocrine function. Female Wistar rat pups on postnatal day 11 were subjected to a single dose of 6 Gy whole‐head irradiation, and hormone levels and organ structure in the reproductive system were examined at 20 weeks after irradiation. We found that brain irradiation reduced cell proliferation and induced persistent inflammation in the pituitary gland. The whole transcriptome analysis of the pituitary gland revealed that apoptosis and inflammation‐related pathways were up‐regulated after irradiation. In addition, irradiation led to significantly decreased levels of the pituitary hormones, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid‐stimulating hormone and the reproductive hormones testosterone and progesterone. To conclude, brain radiation induces reduction of pituitary and reproduction‐related hormone secretion, this may due to reduced cell proliferation and increased pituitary inflammation after irradiation. Our results thus provide additional insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying complications after head irradiation and contribute to the discovery of preventive and therapeutic strategies related to brain injury following irradiation.
Long‐term management of avulsed “hopeless” teeth in the adult dentition
Authors: Mathews David P. , Spear Frank M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis case will demonstrate a thoughtful approach to the management of avulsed/replanted teeth in the adult dentition and their long‐term maintenance. Often times these teeth are either not replanted, or extracted soon after replantation when resorptive lesions appear and the teeth are deemed “hopeless”. The term “hopeless tooth” (HT) has become more popular since the advent of implants. Implants allowed for a simple solution to the HT by extraction and immediate replacement with a fixture and a restoration. However, now that we are realizing that implants do not last forever and also have attendant problems, saving the HT takes on a new light.Clinical considerationsProlonging the life of the HT can preserve bone and give the patient a functional, esthetic tooth for many years. With each additional year, clinicians garner new skills, and technology improves our future treatment outcomes. This will allow clinicians to improve and extend the life of future replacements.ConclusionsIf there is minimal risk to adjacent structures, retaining the HT has many advantages for the patient and clinician. Clinicians should adopt a policy of thinking ahead and asking “What's Next”? when their prospective treatment fails or needs to be replaced. By prolonging the life of the HT, the “best ultimate treatment” has a greater chance to outlive the patient.Clinical significanceWith the advent of single tooth implants, the term “hopeless tooth” has become more popular. It is easier to justify extraction of a tooth when it is deemed “hopeless”. Many of these teeth could be saved. The advantages of this philosophy will be elucidated.
Clinical importance of muscle volume in lenvatinib treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma: Analysis adjusted with inverse probability weighting
Authors: Hiraoka Atsushi , Kumada Takashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tada Toshifumi , Tani Joji , Fukunishi Shinya , Atsukawa Masanori , Hirooka Masashi , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Tajiri Kazuto , Shimada Noritomo , Shibata Hiroshi , Ochi Hironori , Kawata Kazuhito , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ohama Hideko , Nouso Kazuhiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Hayama Korenobu , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Joko Kouji , Michitaka Kojiro , Hiasa Yoichi , Kudo Masatoshi ,   Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group and HCC 48 Group (hepatocellular carcinoma experts from 48 clinics in Japan)
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThis study aimed to elucidate the clinical importance of muscle volume loss (pre‐sarcopenia) in patients receiving lenvatinib as treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u‐HCC).MethodsOf 437 u‐HCC patients treated with lenvatinib at specific institutions in Japan between March 2018 and May 2020, 151 with available computed tomography imaging data from the time of lenvatinib introduction were enrolled. Pre‐sarcopenia was diagnosed based on a previously reported cut‐off value calculation formula [psoas muscle area at level of middle of third lumbar vertebra (cm2)/height (m)2]. Clinical features and prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) with inverse probability weighting were investigated retrospectively for their relationship with pre‐sarcopenia.ResultsCox hazard multivariate analysis showed alpha‐fetoprotein (≥400 ng/mL) (hazard ratio [HR] 2.271, P < 0.001), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage (C and D) (HR 1.625, P = 0.018), and positive for pre‐sarcopenia (HR 1.652, P = 0.042) to be significant prognostic factors. OS rates for the pre‐sarcopenia group (n = 41) were worse than those for the non‐pre‐sarcopenia group (n = 110) (0.5‐, 1‐, and 1.5‐year OS: 72.5%, 27.9%, and 7.0% vs 80.7%, 56.7%, and 46.1%, respectively; P < 0.001), as was progression‐free survival (P = 0.025). Time to stopping lenvatinib or disease progression was better in the non‐pre‐sarcopenia group (0.5‐, 1‐, and 1.5‐year OS: 48.0%, 24.5%, and 8.4% vs 20.0%, 10.3%, and 4.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). Also, the frequency of the adverse event appetite loss (any grade) was greater in the pre‐sarcopenia group (43.9% vs 18.2%, P = 0.003).ConclusionPre‐sarcopenia was shown to be a significant prognostic factor in patients treated with lenvatinib for u‐HCC.
Causes of nursing staff burnout: Exploring the effects of emotional exhaustion, work–family conflict, and supervisor support
Authors: Yeh Te‐Feng , Chang Yu‐Chia , Hsu Ya‐Hui , Huang Li‐Ling , Yang Cheng‐Chia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimNursing staff burnout threatens not only nurses' health but also the safety and health of their patients. Organizations should be aware of how work‐related conflict can affect this burnout. This study examined the effect of supervisor support and work–family conflict on resource loss and burnout.MethodsA cross‐sectional method and quantitative approach were adopted. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed to clinical nursing staff in two regional teaching hospitals, and 239 valid questionnaires were returned.ResultsWork–family conflict had a mediating effect on the relationship between supervisor support and emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion fully mediated the relationships between depersonalization, work–family conflict, and reduced professional efficacy.ConclusionThe mediating effect of emotional exhaustion in work–family conflict results from depersonalization and reduced professional efficacy, whereas work–family conflict mediated the effect of supervisor support on emotional exhaustion. The findings indicate that the medical industry should implement supervisor support strategies to reduce nursing staff work–family conflict and improve interventions for emotional exhaustion.
Laser‐assisted delivery of tranexamic acid for melasma: Pilot study using a novel 1927 nm fractional thulium fiber laser
Authors: Wang Jordan V. , Christman Mitalee P. , Feng Hao , Ferzli Georgina , Jeon Hana , Geronemus Roy G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMelasma can be associated with immense psychosocial stress, which can impact quality of life. One theory suggests that ultraviolet light can increase plasmin activity in keratinocytes, which has led to the investigation of tranexamic acid for treating melasma, since it possesses anti‐plasmin properties. The use of laser‐assisted drug delivery can also increase the uptake of topical medications.AimsA prospective pilot study was performed to assess the utility of combination treatment with low‐energy, low‐density 1927 nm fractional thulium fiber laser and topical tranexamic acid for melasma.Patients/MethodsA total of 10 subjects were enrolled. Each received 5 treatments to the full face with a low‐energy, low‐density 1927 nm fractional thulium fiber laser. Immediately following treatment, topical tranexamic acid was applied, and subjects were instructed to apply it twice daily for 7 days. Clinical measures, quality of life, and patient satisfaction were assessed.ResultsMean improvements in Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores were 1.1 (P = .0899), 3.5 (P = .0395), and 2.5 (P = .2429) at 30‐, 90‐, and 180‐day follow‐up, respectively. Maximum improvement occurred at 90‐day follow‐up. The mean improvement of Melasma Quality of Life Scale (MELASQOL) score was 9.6 (P = .0024) at 30‐day follow‐up. In addition to changes in pigmentation, subjects also believed their skin felt better, looked more radiant, and had improvements in skin texture and tone.ConclusionCombination of low‐energy, low‐density 1927 nm fractional thulium fiber laser and topical tranexamic acid improved clinical outcomes and quality of life associated with melasma. This combination treatment was safe, well‐tolerated, and well‐liked by subjects.
Hair loss treatment information on Facebook: Content analysis and comparison with other online sources
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Ivanova Iordanka A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundFacebook is the biggest online social networking platform, and it is being utilized by patients for peer support as well as to explore treatment options. Hair loss patients can experience negative psychological effects and are likely to turn to social networking platforms for support and treatment information.AimsTo evaluate the type and quality of Facebook hair loss treatment information that can be accessed by hair loss patients.MethodsIn August 2020, we searched Google for publicly accessible Facebook hair loss treatment content using the terms hair loss, alopecia, hair loss treatment, hair restoration, and hair transplant. We retrieved 133 Facebook pages and ranked them based on the number of visitors who received regular content updates. Content posted on the Top 5 most popular pages was analyzed based on type (advertising vs informational) and information quality (unsupported or supported by medical evidence).ResultsMost Facebook hair loss pages advertised products or hair restoration clinics, or were aimed at fundraising for alopecia organizations. There was high interest in natural hair loss treatments and follicular unit excision (FUE) procedures, consistent with global online search trends. Some products advertised as “natural” contained minoxidil. “Before & after” images of FUE procedures were popular with users. Only 3%‐13% of hair loss treatment posts were supported by medical evidence and user engagement with this content was low.ConclusionThere is high user interest in hair loss treatment content on Facebook. Hair restoration specialists should discuss online sources of treatment information with potential patients.
Investigation of partially myristoylated carboxymethyl chitosan, an amphoteric‐amphiphilic chitosan derivative, as a new material for cosmetic and dermal application
Authors: Seino Haruyoshi , Kawaguchi Naoko , Arai Yukari , Ozawa Noriyasu , Hamada Kazuhiko , Nagao Norio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCationic amphiphilic chitosan derivatives can form polymeric micelles, which are useful cosmetic materials, but they form polyion complexes with anionic polymers, which can cause formulation difficulties.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of partially myristoylated carboxymethyl chitosan, an amphoteric‐amphiphilic chitosan derivative, as a new material for cosmetics in the absence of a surfactant comprising an anionic polymer.MethodsAn anionic polymer and 1,2‐decanediol (an antimicrobial agent)‐containing partially myristoylated carboxymethyl chitosan nanoemulsified lotion and glabridin (an antimelanogenic agent)‐containing partially myristoylated carboxymethyl chitosan polymeric micelle were prepared using a pressure homogenization method. The release of interleukin‐1α, cell viability, and melanogenesis inhibition was evaluated on a human skin model. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar dilution method.ResultsA mixture of partially myristoylated carboxymethyl chitosan and carboxyvinyl polymer did not form a polyion complex, but it formed a hydrophilic gel. The anionic polymer‐containing partially myristoylated carboxymethyl chitosan nanoemulsified formulation was stable, with no decrease in cell viability and horny layer exfoliation, which are typically observed with Tween 60. Compared with the formulation with methyl paraben (0.2%), the formulation to which 1,2‐decanediol (0.05%) was added improved the antibacterial activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes; however, no interleukin‐1α upregulation was observed. The glabridin‐containing partially myristoylated carboxymethyl chitosan polymeric micelles enhanced melanogenesis inhibition and percutaneous glabridin delivery to the epidermis compared with conventional emulsified micelles.ConclusionsThese results suggest that partially myristoylated carboxymethyl chitosan‐forming polymeric micelles, in combination with 1,2‐decanediol and glabridin, may be useful for surfactant‐free cosmetic emulsions.
Notes on Monetary Institutions in State and Class Formation Processes
Authors: Feinig Jakob 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCharles Tilly emphasizes that state formation is a contingent and violent process: states develop as they extract resources, including currency, from a population. Neochartalist approaches to money challenge what I call the extractivist view of state formation because they see currencies as public institutions established by governments, not a resource to be seized from a population. At the same time, neochartalists rarely address how state institutions capable of establishing monetary institutions emerge. In this article, I propose a framework to analyze the entangled development of the institutions of money and state. I then showcase its usefulness by revisiting a series of crowd actions and militarized responses in eighteenth‐century Massachusetts and Pennsylvania today known as Shays’ Rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion, focusing on the initially ad hoc and then routinized funding mechanism that enabled emerging state actors to deploy armed groups. In closing, I argue that despite the violence involved in the emergence of the institutions of state and money, citizens and inhabitants can begin to imagine democratic ways of institutionalizing money today.