bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Effect of Auricular Acupressure and Body Acupressure on Pain and Duration of First Stage of Labor: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alimoradi Zainab , kazemi farideh , Valiani Mahboubeh , Gorji Maryam 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background labor pain is one of the leading causes for fear of childbirth. Acupressure is a non-pharmacological pain relief method which showed promising results. Comparing the effect of body acupressure at multiple points and auricular acupressure on the pain and duration of labor, the present study is designed. Methods/Design In a randomized controlled trial, 90 primigravida women who attend for childbirth would be randomly assigned to three groups (interventions: body acupressure and auricular acupressure, control: routine care). In order to determine the allocation sequence with 1:1:1 ratio, the computer-generated 6-block randomization techniques would be used. To hide the allocation, the type of intervention will be written based on the generated sequence and put in opaque enveloped pockets; then, the pockets as well as questionnaires are encoded respectively. The pain score of all the participants would be measured at the peak uterine contraction at the 4cm cervical dilation and at 10 cm dilation based on visual analog scale (VAS). Duration of the active phase of labor in these groups are recorded too. Data are imported into SPSS-16 software. First, normality of the data distribution will be investigated. To compare the labor duration among the research groups, ANOVA would be used, which will be followed, in case of significance, by the Scheffe post-hoc test. Furthermore, Chi-squared test would be used to compare the categorized demographic variables and ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests will be used to compare the quantitative variables in the studied groups. significance level of 0.05 is considered significant. Discussion In this study the effect of auricular acupressure and body acupressure on pain and duration of first stage of labor will be compared. Trial registration number IRCT20180218038789N1 in 2018-03-04; pre result.
Dynamic Predictive Accuracy of Electrocardiographic Biomarkers of Sudden Cardiac Death within a Survival Framework: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
Authors: Perez-Alday Erick , Bender Aron , German David , Mukundan Srini , Hamilton Christopher , Thomas Jason , Li-Pershing Yin , Tereshchenko Larisa G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background—The risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is known to be dynamic. However, the accuracy of a dynamic SCD prediction is unknown. We aimed to measure the dynamic predictive accuracy of ECG biomarkers of SCD and competing non-sudden cardiac death (non-SCD).

Methods—Atherosclerosis Risk In Community study participants with analyzable ECGs in sinus rhythm were included (n=15,716; 55% female, 73% white, age 54.2±5.8 y). ECGs of 5 follow-up visits were analyzed. Global electrical heterogeneity and traditional ECG metrics (heart rate, QRS, QTc) were measured. Adjudicated SCD was the primary outcome; non-SCD was competing outcome. Time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC(t) AUC) analysis was performed to assess the prediction accuracy of a continuous biomarker in a period of 3,6,9 months, and 1,2,3,5,10, and 15 years using survival analysis framework. Reclassification improvement as compared to clinical risk factors (age, sex, race, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke) was measured.

Results—Over a median 24.4 y follow-up, there were 577 SCDs (incidence 1.76 (95%CI 1.63-1.91)/1,000 person-years), and 829 non-SCDs [2.55 (95%CI 2.37-2.71)]. No ECG biomarkers predicted SCD within 3 months after ECG recording. Within 6 months, spatial ventricular gradient (SVG) elevation predicted SCD (AUC 0.706; 95%CI 0.526-0.886), but not a non-SCD (AUC 0.527; 95%CI 0.303-0.75). SVG elevation more accurately predicted SCD if ECG was recorded 6 months before SCD (AUC 0.706; 95%CI 0.526-0.886) than 2 years before SCD (AUC 0.608; 95%CI 0.515-0.701). Within the first 3 months after ECG recording, only SVG azimuth improved reclassification of the risk beyond clinical risk factors: 18% SCD events were reclassified from low or intermediate risk to a high-risk category. Long-term, QRS-T angle was the strongest predictor of SCD (AUC 0.710; 95%CI 0.668-0.753 for ECG recorded within 10 years before SCD).

Conclusion—Short-term and long-term predictive accuracy of ECG biomarkers of SCD differed, reflecting differences in transient vs. persistent SCD substrates. The dynamic predictive accuracy of ECG biomarkers should be considered for competing SCD risk scores. The distinction between markers predicting short-term and long-term events may represent the difference between markers heralding SCD (triggers or transient substrates) versus markers identifying persistent substrate.
The Prevalence of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Based on Individual and Clinical Parameters in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Nazari Fatemeh , Shaygannejad Vahid , Sichani Mehrdad Mohammadi , Gharaagozlou Marjan Mansourian , Hajhashemi Valiollah 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer from bladder dysfunction during the course of the disease. This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of these complications among patients with MS.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 602 patients with MS who referred to the neurology clinics of Kashani and Alzahra Hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Multistage random cluster sampling was performed and the informed consent form was signed by the subjects. Then, all the data were collected through interviews using the Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (LUTSS) developed in accordance with the definitions presented by the International Continence Society (ICS) and the International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) and DASS-21 questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests in SPSS.
Results: The prevalence rate of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was 87.6% among all the subjects, with a similar rate among women (88.0%) and men (86.0%). There was a significant difference between men and women in terms of the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), intermittent urine flow, hesitancy, straining, and dribbling (P < 0.050). There was no significant difference between women and men in terms of the prevalence of other symptoms (P > 0.050). A significant difference was observed in the degree of LUTS with age, marital status, marriage duration, education, illness duration, clinical course, disability, anxiety, depression, and stress (P < 0.05). Moreover, logistic regression analysis revealed that there was a higher probability of a urinary problems among patients with MS and a high EDSS score [0.67 (0.507-0.903), P = 0.008].
Conclusions: A high prevalence of LUTS was found among patients with MS. There was a higher probability of a urinary tract problem among patients with MS and a high EDSS score. Therefore, it is recommended that the health system take the necessary measures regarding timely detection and treatment of LUTS among these patients in order to prevent secondary outcomes and improve the quality of life (QOL) of patients with MS.
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, prevalence, urinary symptoms
Characterization of a vacuolar sucrose transporter, HbSUT5, from Hevea brasiliensis: involvement in latex production through regulation of intracellular sucrose transport in the bark and laticifers
Authors: long xiangyu , Li Heping , Yang Jianghua , Xin Lusheng , He Bin , Huang Debao , Tang Chaorong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Sucrose (Suc), as the precursor molecule for rubber biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis, is transported via phloem-mediated long-distance transport from leaves to laticifers in trunk bark, where latex (cytoplasm of laticifers) is tapped for rubber. In our previous report, six SUT genes have been cloned in Hevea tree, among which HbSUT3 is verified to play an active role in Suc loading to the laticifers. In this study, another latex-abundant SUT isoform, HbSUT5, with expressions only inferior to HbSUT3 was characterized especially for its roles in latex production.Results: Both phylogenetic analysis and subcellular localization identify HbSUT5 as a tonoplast-localized SUT protein under the SUT4-clade (=type III). Suc uptake assay in baker’s yeast reveals HbSUT5 to be a typical Suc-H+ symporter, but its high affinity for Suc (Km = 2.03 mM at pH 5.5) and the similar efficiency in transporting both Suc and maltose making it a peculiar SUT under the SUT4-clade. At the transcript level, HbSUT5 is abundantly and preferentially expressed in Hevea barks. The transcripts of HbSUT5 are conspicuously decreased both in Hevea latex and bark by two yield-stimulating treatments of tapping and ethephon, the patterns of which are contrary to HbSUT3. Under the ethephon treatment, the Suc level in latex cytosol decreases significantly, but that in latex lutoids (polydispersed vacuoles) changes little, suggesting a role of the decreased HbSUT5 expression in Suc compartmentalization in the lutoids and thus enhancing the Suc sink strength in laticifers.Conclusions:Our findings provide insights into the roles of a vacuolar sucrose transporter, HbSUT5, in Suc exchange between lutoids and cytosol in rubber-producing laticifers.
Public engagement in the development of the National Health Insurance: a study involving patients from a central hospital in South Africa.
Authors: Tandwa Lizeka Amanda , Dhai Ames 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Public involvement of citizens in the legislative development process is a constitutional requirement in South Africa. Patient engagement refers to the active involvement of patients in the decision-making processes at multiple levels in the health system. In order for patients to be engaged, they need to be provided with relevant information and an opportunity to be involved in the policy-making process.
Methods: This was cross sectional and quantitative study with descriptive and comparative analyses. Two hundred and forty-four patients from the follow-up clinics at the Internal Medicine Department of Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital in the Gauteng Province, South Africa. The patients were interviewed through a structured interview process, using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression univariate and multivariate analyses were run.
Results: The majority (79.51%) of the participants were not aware of the proposed National Health Insurance (NHI) in South Africa even though process commenced in 2011. Most of the participants (86%) who were aware of the NHI had not received an opportunity to be involved in the policy making process of the NHI. About ninety-one percent of the participants (91.39%) knew that they had a right to be involved in the policy making process of the NHI. The odds of awareness were higher for male (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.11 – 3.9, p value: 0.02) than female participants. The odds of awareness were higher for White (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.06 – 5.26, p value: 0.04) and Indian (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 0.10 – 7.60, p value: 0.05) participants when compared to Black participants. The odds of awareness were higher for retired (OR: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.35 – 7.25, p value: 0.008) than unemployed participants.
Conclusions: Without the awareness and information about the NHI, patients are not equipped to be involved in the NHI policy process in a meaningful way.
Didelphis albiventris: an overview of an unprecedented transcriptome sequencing of the white-eared opossum
Authors: Santos Íria Gabriela Dias dos , Mendes Tiago Antônio de Oliveira , Silva Gerluza Aparecida Borges , Reis Amanda Maria Sena , Vitorello Cláudia Barros Monteiro , Schaker Patrícia Dayane Carvalho , Herai Roberto Hirochi , Fabotti André Brait Carneiro , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Jorge Erika C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
BackgroundThe white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) is widely distributed throughout Brazil and South America. It has been used as an animal model for studying different scientific questions ranging from the restoration of degraded green areas to medical aspects of Chagas disease, leishmaniasis and resistance against snake venom. As a marsupial, D. albiventris can also contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern the different stages of organogenesis. Opossum joeys are born after only 13 days, and the final stages of organogenesis occur when the neonates are inside the pouch, depending on lactation. As neither the genome of this opossum species nor its transcriptome has been completely sequenced, the use of D. albiventris as an animal model is limited. In this work, we sequenced the D. albiventris transcriptome by RNA-seq to obtain the first catalogue of differentially expressed (DE) genes and gene ontology (GO) annotations during the neonatal stages of marsupial development.ResultsThe D. albiventris transcriptome was obtained from whole neonates harvested at birth (P0), at five days of age (P5) and at ten days of age (P10). The de novo assembly of these transcripts generated 85,338 transcripts. Approximately 30% of these transcripts could be mapped against the amino acid sequences of M. domestica, the evolutionarily closest relative of D. albiventris to be sequenced thus far. Among the expressed transcripts, 2,077 were found to be DE between P0 and P5, 13,780 between P0 and P10, and 1,453 between P5 and P10. The enriched GO terms were mainly related to the immune system, blood tissue development and differentiation, vision, hearing, digestion, the CNS and limb development.ConclusionsThe elucidation of opossum transcriptomes provides an out-group for better understanding the distinct characteristics associated with the evolution of mammalian species. This study provides the first transcriptome sequences and catalogue of genes for a marsupial species at different neonatal stages, allowing the study of the mechanisms involved in organogenesis.
Comparing the sciatic nerve block quality of anterior and posterior approaches: A randomised trial
Authors: Yektaş Abdulkadir , Balkan Bedih 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The co-administration of sciatic nerve and femoral nerve blocks may provide anaesthesia and analgesia in patients undergoing lower extremity surgeries. Several approaches to sciatic nerve block have been described, including anterior and posterior approaches.
Methods: Our study included 58 patients, randomly assigned to receive either an anterior (Group A , n = 29) or posterior (Group P, n = 29) approach. After the blocks were performed, we determined sensory and motor block start and end times, first fentanyl requirement time after block and before operation starts, first fentanyl requirement time after the operation starts, the mean fentanyl dose administered per patient after block and before operation starts, the mean fentanyl dose administered per patient after the operation starts, the time to first diclofenac sodium administration, and the total dose of diclofenac sodium required. The date of trial registration was retrospectively registered in 11.07.2018
Results: Comparison of the two groups revealed that Group P exhibited significantly shorter times to starting the sensory block (12.88±4.87 min for Group A, 7.70±2.05 min for Goup P) p=0.01 and first fentanyl requirement time after block and before operation starts (00.00±00.00 min for Group A, 4.05±7.47 min for Group P) p=<0.01 and a significantly higher first fentanyl requirement time after operation starts (31.20±27.79 µg for Group A, 44.03±23.78 µg for Group P) and a significantly higher the mean fentanyl dose administered per patient after block and before operation starts (00.00±00.00 min for Group A, 16.24±57.13 min for Group P) p=0.01 and a significantly lower the mean fentanyl dose administered per patient after operation starts (147.75±122.30 µg for Group A, 11.51±12.87 µg Group P). Patient satisfaction (p=<0.01), anesthesia quality (p=0.006), and surgical quality (p=0.047) were significantly higher in Group P.
Conclusions: Sciatic nerve block can be performed with anterior and posterior approach in patients who will be operated due to malleolar fracture. However, analgesia should be performed before starting the patient in the posterior approach and after the operation in the anterior approach.
Prevalence of surgical site infection and associated factors after cesarean section in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Getaneh Temesgen , Negesse Ayenew , Dessie Getenet 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Surgical site infection (SSI) affects up to one third of patients who have undergone a surgical procedure. It is a significant cause of surgical patient morbidity, mortality and human and financial costs threat. The national prevalence of surgical site infection among mothers who undergo for cesarean section and its risk factors are not well investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic and meta-analysis conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of surgical site infection and associated factors after cesarean section in Ethiopia.Methods

Original articles were searched in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, HINARI portal (which includes the SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases), and Cochrane Library. Data were extracted using a standard data extraction checklist that developed according to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The I2 statistic was used to quantify heterogeneity across studies. Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s tests were used to check for publication bias. A fixed effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of surgical site infection. Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was also used to determine the association of identified variables with surgical site infection. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA software.Result

From initial 179 identified articles, 11 were eligible for inclusion in the final meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of surgical site infection after cesarean section in Ethiopia was 9.72% (95%CI: 8.38, 11.05). PROM >12hrs (OR=5.02, 95%CI: 2.65, 9.51), duration of labor>24hrs (OR=3.69, 95%CI: 2.41, 5.65), chorioamnionitis (OR=9.11, 95%CI: 5.21, 15.93), anemia (OR=4.75, 95%CI: 2.42, 9.33) and having vertical skin incision (OR=4.17, 95%CI: 2.90, 6.02) were factors significantly associated with surgical site infection after cesarean section.Conclusion

The prevalence of surgical site infection after cesarean section in Ethiopia was high. Therefore, Minister of Health with its stake holders should emphasis on community and institution based programs in manner to prevent those factors listed above that have significant effect on surgical site infection.
Assessment of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression at the invading front of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lu Emily Ming-Chieh , Ratnayake Jithendra , Rich Alison Mary 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Accurate prediction of the behaviour of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is necessary to determine prognosis and provide appropriate treatment. Therefore, it is important to investigate potential prognostic markers to determine their predictive ability. Histological assessment of specific features at the invading front of oral squamous cell carcinomas has shown to provide accurate and reproducible prognostic information. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a nuclear marker known to reflect cell turnover and may be used as a marker for tumour aggressiveness. Methods: 20 cases of OSCC were histologically assessed to evaluate the correlation between proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and invasive front grading. Each case was first assessed on a haematoxylin and eosin stained slide and an invading front grading (IFG) score was determined. In order to obtain a PCNA score, immunohistological staining was carried out using the peroxidase-labeled streptavidin-biotin technique with the monoclonal antibody PC10. Results: In all cases tumour islands had a periphery of intensely stained proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive epithelial cells. The average IFG score was 8  1.8 and the average PCNA score was 75%  11.2. Regression analysis was done using data from the IFG score and PCNA score and taking the latter as the predictor variable. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.134, with a p-value of 0.572. Conclusion: Since the correlation between PCNA score and IFG score was not significant (p>0.05), we conclude that there is no association between cell proliferation at the invading tumour front and the histological grading of OSCC.
Analysis of the causes of cervical lymphadenopathy using Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology combining cell block in Chinese Patients with and without HIV infection
Authors: Sun Lei , Zhang Liang , Yang Kun , Chen Xiang-mei , Chen Jia-min , Xiao Jiang , Zhao Hong-xin , Ma Zhi-yuan , Qi Li-ming , Wang Peng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Cervical lymphadenopathy refers to a frequently observed clinical presentation in numerous pathological conditions. A wide spectrum of diseases can cause cervical lymphadenopathy, irrespective of the fact that the patients are infected with HIV or not. The present study focuses on validating whether the causes of cervical lymphadenopathy differ significantly in HIV and non-HIV patients by using fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) combining cell block.Methods A total of 589 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy were recruited in the FNA clinic. The samples were obtained by an auto-vacuumed syringe that benefited the sampling more materials. The cytological smears were prepared by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), Gomori’s methenamine silver (GMS) and acid-fast staining. Cell blocks were made if required, and immunohistochemistry stain was performed on the cell block section.Results The study found 453 (76.9%) patients with HIV and 136 (23.1%) patients without HIV infection. The average age of HIV-infected patients was 34.8 ±10.2 years, which was significantly lower than that of non-HIV-infected patients (42.9 ±18.1 years) (p<0.01). Of all patients infected with HIV, 390 (86.1%) were males. This proportion was significantly higher than that of non-HIV-infected patients [65/136 (47.8%)] (p<0.01). The major causes of cervical lymphadenopathy in HIV positive patients were mycobacterial infection (38.4%), reactive hyperplasia (28.9%), non-specific inflammation (19.9%), and malignant lesions (4.2%). In contrast, the most common causes in HIV negative patients were reactive hyperplasia (37.5%), malignancy (20.6%), non-specific inflammation (19.1%) and mycobacterial infection (12.5%). Opportunistic infections such as non-tuberculous mycobacteria (4.2%), cryptococcosis (1.5%), Talaromyces marneffei (1.5%) and other fungi (0.4%) were found only in HIV-infected individuals. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (2.4%) was the most common malignant lesion in patients with HIV infection, followed by Kaposi's sarcoma (0.9%) and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas (0.7%). However, the most common malignancy in non-HIV-infected patients was metastatic carcinomas (14%) including small cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinoma, which were noticeably greater than the HIV patients (p<0.01).Conclusions There were significantly different causes of cervical lymphadenopathy in HIV infected and non-HIV infected patients. FNAC was a useful diagnostic method for differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy.