bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain assessment from Swedish nurses' perspective
Authors: Skog Nina , Mesic Mårtensson Mirella , Dykes Anna‐Karin , Vejzovic Vedrana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMethodsThis study is a qualitative interview study. The authors used the stimulated recall interview (SRI) with nurses working at a children's hospital in southern Sweden for the data collection. In total twelve nurses were interviewed and qualitative content analysis was used for the data analysis.ResultsThe results are presented as one theme: Need for higher competencies and evidence, and three categories: Routines can enable pain assessment, Trusting one's own assessment of the whole picture, and Pain assessment scales as an extra workload. The interviewed nurses acknowledged that pain assessment tools are a vital part of the field of pain treatment. They also had trust issues with measuring and estimating pain by means of a tool such as pain scale. Furthermore, their opinion was that too many different tools and methods add up towards a more blurry and stress‐related environment and due to a lack of consistent routines, pain assessment is seen as a work‐related burden in the daily routines.ConclusionResults from the present study indicated that nurses need clear routines in combination with continued education regarding pain assessment with pain scales, which might be the key to successful pediatric pain assessment and thus to better pain management within pediatrics.
Insomnia symptoms during pregnancy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sedov Ivan D. , Anderson Nina J. , Dhillon Ashley K. , Tomfohr‐Madsen Lianne M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReports of sleep disturbances are common during pregnancy, yet estimates of prevalence of insomnia symptoms during pregnancy vary widely. The goals of the current review were to summarize the existing data on prevalence of insomnia symptoms during pregnancy and to explore potential moderators, including trimester, gestational age, maternal age, symptoms of anxiety and symptoms of depression. A systematic search of PubMed, PsycInfo and Web of Science was conducted for articles published from inception up to June 2020. In total, 24 studies with a total of 15,564 participants were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of insomnia symptoms during pregnancy was 38.2%. Trimester was a significant moderator, such that prevalence of insomnia symptoms was higher in the third trimester (39.7%) compared to first (25.3%) and second (27.2%) trimesters. No other variables significantly moderated the prevalence of insomnia symptoms. The results of the current meta‐analysis suggest that the prevalence of insomnia symptoms is higher during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester. Future research should examine the efficacy and safety of insomnia treatments with this population.
Learning and Processing Multiple Languages: The More the Easier?
Authors: Festman Julia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis review scrutinizes the evidence concerning the factors that affect the ease with which multilinguals learn additional languages. First, I focus on language learning experiences that could help multilinguals acquire new languages (e.g., consequences of exposure, use of prior knowledge, biliteracy). I then discuss how multilinguals manage multiple languages and struggle with language control problems. By finally shedding more light onto effects of learning on the brain and the ways it adapts to the higher processing demands when having to manage multiple languages, it becomes clear that the key to understanding learning and processing of multiple languages lies in understanding the adaptive and dynamic nature of the brain. Although the brain is striving for efficient processing, environmental influences, communicative demands and genetic predispositions influence the learning and processing of multiple languages. I therefore suggest five specific effects related to multilingualism which may ease subsequent learning of multiple languages.
Low‐voltage shock impedance measurements: A false sense of security
Authors: Parwani Abdul Shokor , Lacour Philipp , Franke Philip , Reichert Uwe , Christoph Klein , Beiert Thomas , Supryn Rafal , Rangasamy Karthikeyan , Kull Tony , Hohendanner Felix , Heinzel Frank , Kucher Andreas , Boldt Leif‐Hendrik , Pieske Burkert , Blaschke Florian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundImplantable cardioverter defibrillators use low‐voltage shock impedance measurements to monitor the lead integrity. However, previous case reports suggest that low‐voltage shock impedance measurements may fail to detect insulation breaches that can cause life‐threatening electrical short circuits.Methods and resultsWe report six cases of insulation breaches in transvenous defibrillation leads that were not obvious during standard interrogations and testing of the lead beforehand. In two cases, an electrical short circuit during commanded shock delivery for internal electrical cardioversion resulted in a total damage of the ICD generator. In one of these cases, commanded shock delivery induced ventricular fibrillation, which required external defibrillation. In two cases, a shock due to ventricular tachycardia was aborted as the shock impedance was less than 20 Ω. However, in both cases the tiny residual shock energy terminated the ventricular tachycardia. In contrast, in one case the residual energy of the aborted shock did not end ventricular fibrillation induced at defibrillator threshold testing. In one case, the ICD indicated an error code for a short circuit condition detected during an adequate shock delivery.ConclusionsThis case series illustrates that low‐voltage shock impedance measurements can fail to detect insulation breaches. These data suggest that in patients without a contraindication, traditional defibrillator threshold testing or high voltage synchronized shock at the time of device replacement should be considered.
Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead displacement
Authors: Vyas Sandip , Monkhouse Christopher , Srinivasan Neil , Lambiase Pier D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA 52‐year‐old gentleman with a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD) implanted in 2015 for primary prevention and a background of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presented via remote monitoring alert (Boston Scientific Latitude NXT) with an aborted charge episode. The episode showed myopotential noise with baseline wander, and an urgent outpatient follow‐up was arranged. Upon investigation the S‐ICD lead had retracted to the pocket of the generator via a reel mechanism, wrapping the lead around the can. This was likely to be caused by insufficient suturing of the lead collar at the base of xiphisternum. The device had automatically disabled the SmartPass filter, which does not currently have an alert mechanism. This case highlights the rare occurrence of S‐ICD lead displacement and components of the SmartPass system which can provide an early warning to lead problems.
Diarrhea in the pediatric solid organ transplantation recipient: A multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management
Authors: Chaudhuri Abanti , Goddard Elizabeth Anne , Green Michael , Ardura Monica I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiarrhea in the pediatric solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipient is a frequent complaint that is associated with significant morbidity and impaired quality of life. There are limited published data regarding the specific epidemiology, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of diarrhea after SOT in children. Pediatric SOT recipients have an increased risk of developing diarrhea because of a generalized immunosuppressed state, epidemiologic exposures, and polypharmacy. There is a need to standardize the diagnostic evaluation of diarrhea in children after SOT to facilitate an accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. Herein, we review the available published data and propose a systematic, stepwise approach to the evaluation of diarrhea in this high‐risk population, focusing on timely diagnosis of both infectious and non‐infectious causes, in order to provide focused management. Prospective studies are needed to better assess the true prevalence, risk factors for, etiologies, and complications of diarrhea in pediatric SOT patients that will guide optimal management. Development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapies for enteric viruses may also contribute to improved outcomes.
CD34+ selected peripheral blood Stem Cell Boost (SCB) for Poor Graft Function (PGF) or mixed chimerism in pediatric patients, after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Results of a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Berger Massimo , Faraci Maura , Saglio Francesco , Giardino Stefano , Ernestina Vassallo Elena , Prete Arcangelo , Fagioli Franca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPGF is historically associated with high morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT).MethodsIn this study, we report our multicenter experience on stem cell boost (SCB) for PGF, or incomplete donor engraftment, in 16 pediatric patients. Donors were HLA‐matched siblings (n = 4), unrelated donors (n = 11), or haploidentical family members (n = 1). Ten patients had two‐lineage cytopenia, 5 had one‐lineage cytopenia, and 1 had poor immunological reconstitution together with a low percentage of donor cell engraftment. A median of 6.6x106 selected CD34+/Kg was infused after 194 days from allo‐HSCT (48‐607).ResultsIn 4 out of 5 patients, one‐lineage cytopenia was resolved, while among the 10 patients with two‐lineage cytopenia, 4 resolved both cytopenia, 5 resolved one‐lineage, and one did not respond. All patients reverted their mixed chimera to full donor chimera. OS was 56%, transplant‐related mortality (TRM) 32%, and RI 12%. The main causes of failure were related to infections with 4 out of 7 deaths caused by this.ConclusionsSCB may rescue over 50% of patients with PGF after allo‐HSCT. An earlier treatment may reduce the infectious complications and improve survival.
Effects of a group‐based physical and cognitive intervention on social activity and quality of life for elderly people with dementia in a geriatric health service facility: a quasi‐randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tanaka Shigeya , Yamagami Tetsuya , Yamaguchi Haruyasu 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of group‐based motor and cognitive‐combined intervention on social activity and quality of life.MethodsThis quasi‐randomised controlled trial included 31 elderly participants with dementia in a geriatric health service facility. Participants were randomly allocated to the intervention group (n = 16) or the control group (n = 15) by stratification of cognitive function. The 8‐week intervention program consisted of group exercise and cognitive stimulation twice per week for 45 min per session. Outcome measures were social activity in daily behaviour, cognitive function, apathy, muscle and grip strength, independence of activity of daily living, life‐space, and objective quality of life (QOL).ResultsTwenty‐five participants were analysed (10 in the control group, 15 in the intervention group). Analysis of covariance with covariates of age, gender, and baseline data showed a significant difference in social activity (F = 8.67, P = 0.008; significant decline in control group vs. maintenance in intervention group) and QOL (F = 9.74, P = 0.006; maintenance in control group vs. tendency of improvement in intervention group). A Wilcoxon signed‐rank test revealed that helping behaviour (P = 0.035) increased in the intervention group, whereas interest to the surrounding (P = 0.026) decreased in the control group.ConclusionsGroup‐based combined intervention for dementia is effective for maintaining social activity and QOL in a geriatric health service facility.
Age‐related alterations in the cerebrovasculature affect neurovascular coupling and BOLD fMRI responses: Insights from animal models of aging
Authors: Yabluchanskiy Andriy , Nyul‐Toth Adam , Csiszar Anna , Gulej Rafal , Saunders Debra , Towner Rheal , Turner Monroe , Zhao Yuguang , Abdelkari Dema , Rypma Bart , Tarantini Stefano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present and future research efforts in cognitive neuroscience and psychophysiology rely on the measurement, understanding, and interpretation of blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to effectively investigate brain function. Aging and age‐associated pathophysiological processes change the structural and functional integrity of the cerebrovasculature which can significantly alter how the BOLD signal is recorded and interpreted. In order to gain an improved understanding of the benefits, drawbacks, and methodological implications for BOLD fMRI in the context of cognitive neuroscience, it is crucial to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism of age‐related vascular pathologies. This review discusses the multifaceted effects of aging and the contributions of age‐related pathologies on structural and functional integrity of the cerebral microcirculation as they has been investigated in animal models of aging, including age‐related alterations in neurovascular coupling responses, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in microvascular damage, vascular rarefaction, blood–brain barrier disruption, senescence, humoral deficiencies as they relate to, and potentially introduce confounding factors in the interpretation of BOLD fMRI.
Through a Glass Darkly: How Natural Science and Technical Communities Looked at Social Science Advances in Understanding Risk
Authors: Goble Rob 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article is one piece in a series of articles that reflect on advances in ideas about risk made by social science over the past 40 years and more. It differs from the other articles: its focus is not on specific advances themselves, but rather on how those advances were received and were encouraged or discouraged by the natural science and technical members of the risk community. Thus, the principal goal of this article is to provide some context for the other articlers in this series. Those articles describe work and intellectual developments that consider human responses to particular sorts of issues, concerns, and needs that relate to risk. The framing of this work was partly driven and shaped by natural science and engineering communities. It is illuminating to reflect on how these technical communities viewed the social science developments and on the perspectives they brought to the framing of issues and concerns. Their views are described in three minihistories of risk developments pertaining to nuclear accidents, high level radioactive waste disposal, and toxic chemicals. After considering common themes among the stories, the article considers characteristics of expert communities and their implications. It then concludes with discussions of its secondary goals, (i) a look at some opportunities for future social science studies relating to risk, (ii) a consideration of the extent to which risk analysis and broader considerations of risk can be considered a truly interdisciplinary field rather than a loose assemblage of perspectives.
Simple interventions to assist students to engage with the language of data science and statistics
Authors: Richardson Alice M. , Dunn Peter K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe focus of this paper is learning the language of data science and statistics through the use of simple classroom activities. Many terms in statistics are known to be lexically ambiguous, having one meaning in general English conversation and another, more technical, meaning in statistical English. The main aim is to investigate whether the classroom‐ready interventions proposed are perceived by students to be fun and helpful. A secondary aim is to measure students' ability to correctly define lexically ambiguous words at the start and end of the semester, and seek evidence of an association between the interventions and lexical disambiguation. Three types of interventions are studied: crosswords, gap‐fill exercises and a sorting exercise. The results from student evaluations of the activities show that, in general, students found the activities helpful and fun. There was also some moderate evidence of an improvement in disambiguation for statistical terms including significant, control and relationship.
Retrospective evaluation of the effects and outcome of bromethalin ingestion: 192 Dogs (2010–2016)
Authors: Scotti Katherine M. , Levy Nyssa A. , Thomas Alicia , Pfeifer Julie , Garcia Nicole , Koenigshof Amy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the frequency of clinical signs, dose ingested, and outcome in a large group of dogs with bromethalin ingestion.DesignRetrospective cohort study of dogs from 2010 to 2016.SettingThree university teaching hospitals and 1 private practice.AnimalsA total of 192 dogs with bromethalin ingestion.Measurements and Main ResultsTotal 192 cases were identified, of which 25 dogs developed clinical signs. Five cases initially had severe neurological signs and were euthanized. A sum of 187 dogs survived to discharge. The total ingested dose was recorded in 59 dogs with a median (interquartile range) 0.2 mg/kg (0.28 mg/kg). The remaining 133 dogs had confirmed ingestion reported by owners (witnessed ingestion or colored feces) but the total dose could not be calculated. The median (interquartile range) time to presentation for all dogs was 2 hours (4.8 h). A majority of patients were treated on an outpatient basis (121/192) and 71 of 192 were treated as inpatients with 58 of 71 receiving fluid diuresis. Decontamination was performed in 179 dogs including emesis induction (14), activated charcoal administration (42), and both (123). Emesis was successful in 128 dogs and apomorphine was the most common emetic agent (121). Mild to severe clinical signs at admission were reported in 19 cases including vomiting (6), tremors (5), lethargy (4), ataxia (3), weakness (2), diarrhea (2), collapse (2), and and anorexia (2). One case developed ataxia and tremors within 72 hours of admission.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceSymptoms of bromethalin toxicosis are uncommon, and most ingested doses are well below the reported dose expected to cause clinical signs. In this patient population, prognosis was excellent unless severe clinical signs were noted, which carried a high euthanasia rate. Effects of treatment on outcome could not be evaluated due to the low number of patients that developed clinical signs.
Evaluation of selected commercial oilseed rape cultivars for early vigour, weed suppression and yield in southern New South Wales
Authors: Mwendwa James M. , Brown William B. , Weston Paul A. , Haque K. M. Shamsul , Preston Christopher , Weston Leslie A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe potential of oilseed rape to suppress weed growth while maintaining optimal yield and quality is not well understood under field conditions in Australia. This study, conducted in Condobolin and Wagga Wagga, New South Wales (NSW), during 2015 and 2016, examined a diverse range of commercial oilseed rape cultivars for their inherent ability to suppress weeds and maintain yields when in competition with natural weed infestations, with and without pre‐emergent herbicide treatment. Cultivar differences were observed in oilseed rape canopy architecture and yield; however, early‐season biomass, light interception, leaf area index and visual vigour ratings exhibited both year and location interactions. Cultivars with the highest biomass, light interception, leaf area indices and visual vigour were typically also the most weed‐suppressive, in particular GT‐50 and Hyola 600RR. Although crop and weed biomass accumulation differed significantly among cultivars for both location and year, weed biomass was inversely related to cultivar biomass in both years and locations. Hybrid Hyola and GT‐50 cultivars exhibited up to 50% less weed biomass while maintaining consistently high levels of dry crop biomass. In addition, pre‐emergent herbicide applications reduced weed infestation and contributed to higher crop yield in both locations and years. Given the consistent aboveground competitive ability of certain oilseed rape cultivars, our study demonstrated that diverse cultivar‐dependent competitive traits such as early growth vigour, biomass production, absorption of photosynthetically active radiation and production and retention of crop residue significantly impacted weed establishment and total weed biomass. Our findings suggest that cultivar selection offers potential as a tool for maintaining suitable grain yield in the presence of weeds while potentially delaying the development of herbicide resistance through efficacious weed suppression.
Assisted bathing of older people with dementia: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Konno Rie , Kanzaki Hatsumi , Stern Cindy , Lizarondo Lucylynn 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review update is to determine the best strategies for assisted bathing or showering of older people with dementia.

Introduction:
Bathing is a high-risk activity that can worsen agitated behavior in people with dementia, becoming a source of stress or burden for nurses and caregivers. Since a review was originally published in 2013, new studies have been conducted reporting on various interventions related to assisted bathing and showering.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will consider people older than 60 years with dementia, their families, nurses, and formal caregivers. The quantitative component will consider studies that examine interventions aiming to reduce agitated behaviors during assisted bathing. The qualitative component will include studies reporting on experiences of assisted bathing of older people with dementia.

Methods:
This review update will follow the JBI mixed methods review approach. Published and unpublished studies will be identified from searches of the major international databases and relevant databases for gray literature. Two independent reviewers will carry out screening, critical appraisal, and data extraction. The extracted data will include details about the study characteristics, quantitative results, and qualitative findings relevant to the review. Where possible, quantitative data will be statistically pooled. Qualitative results will be synthesized using the meta-aggregation approach developed by JBI. Finally, the findings from both quantitative and qualitative components will be organized into a line of argument to produce an overall configured analysis. Where configuration is not possible, the findings will be presented in narrative form.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020208048