bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between age at type 1 diabetes diagnosis and metabolic outcome at young adulthood: a real‐life observational study
Authors: Goldberg Tomer , Brener Avivit , Levy Sigal , Interator Hagar , Laurian Irina , Dorfman Anna , Chorna Efrat , Oren Asaf , Eyal Ori , Lebenthal Yael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundYounger age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) may affect the clinical course and outcome. We examined whether age at diagnosis was associated with glycemic control and metabolic outcome in young adulthood.MethodsThis observational study included 105 young adults with T1D (current mean age: 21.2 ± 3.0 years, mean age at diagnosis 12.0 ± 4.0 years) followed during 2012 to 2019. Data on HbA1c, glucose variability, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and body composition were collected from medical records from age 18 years until last visit, and the association between age at diagnosis and outcomes was assessed.ResultsAge at T1D diagnosis was negatively associated with HbA1c levels (r = −0.368, P = .001), BMI (r = −0.218, P = .026), and diastolic BP (r = −0.215, P = .028). Younger age at diagnosis predicted poorer glycemic control after controlling for T1D duration, sex, socioeconomic status, BMI, and CGM use (r2 = 0.19, P = .002). There was a 0.1% greater HbA1c reduction for every yearly increase in age at diagnosis (β = −0.090, P = .042). The mean metabolic age of females diagnosed at <10 years of age was older than their chronological age (P = .049).ConclusionsYounger age at T1D diagnosis predicts worse glycemic control at young adulthood, independent of recognized confounding risk factors (disease duration, sex, socioeconomic status, weight, and use of diabetes technology). Female patients diagnosed at a young age have an older metabolic age, indicating the need for lifestyle alteration to improve their basal metabolic rate.
Impact of COVID‐19 on the mental health of surgeons and coping strategies
Authors: Balasubramanian Anusha , Paleri Vigneshwar , Bennett Robin , Paleri Vinidh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnprecedented times call for extraordinary measures. While surgeons across the globe try to comprehend the evolving facade of the COVID‐19 pandemic and improvise surgical practice to the best of their ability, the psychological impact of the stress on their own mental health and well‐being has been underestimated. This paper aims to review the indirect and overt factors that may affect the mental health of a surgeon in the present circumstances. Furthermore, it will aim to highlight key coping mechanisms at an individual and institutional level, so as to mitigate the negative psychological impact on surgeons.
The Sclerosing Cholangitis Outcomes in Pediatrics (SCOPE) Index: A Prognostic Tool for Children
Authors: Deneau Mark R. , Mack Cara , Perito Emily R. , Ricciuto Amanda , Valentino Pamela L. , Amin Mansi , Amir Achiya Z. , Aumar Madeleine , Auth Marcus , Broderick Annemarie , DiGuglielmo Matthew , Draijer Laura G. , Tavares Fagundes Eleonora Druve , El‐Matary Wael , Ferrari Federica , Furuya Katryn N. , Gupta Nitika , Hochberg Jessica T. , Homan Matjaz , Horslen Simon , Iorio Raffaele , Jensen M. Kyle , Jonas Maureen M. , Kamath Binita M. , Kerkar Nanda , Kim Kyung Mo , Kolho Kaija‐Leena , Koot Bart G.P. , Laborda Trevor J. , Lee Christine K. , Loomes Kathleen M. , Martinez Mercedes , Miethke Alexander , Miloh Tamir , Mogul Douglas , Mohammad Saeed , Mohan Parvathi , Moroz Stacy , Ovchinsky Nadia , Palle Sirish , Papadopoulou Alexandra , Rao Girish , Rodrigues Ferreira Alexandre , Sathya Pushpa , Schwarz Kathleen B. , Shah Uzma , Shteyer Eyal , Singh Ruchi , Smolka Vratislav , Soufi Nisreen , Tanaka Atsushi , Varier Raghu , Vitola Bernadette , Woynarowski Marek , Zerofsky Melissa , Zizzo Andréanne , Guthery Stephen L. 
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims
Disease progression in children with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is variable. Prognostic and risk‐stratification tools exist for adult‐onset PSC, but not for children. We aimed to create a tool that accounts for the biochemical and phenotypic features and early disease stage of pediatric PSC.

Approach and Results
We used retrospective data from the Pediatric PSC Consortium. The training cohort contained 1,012 patients from 40 centers. We generated a multivariate risk index (Sclerosing Cholangitis Outcomes in Pediatrics [SCOPE] index) that contained total bilirubin, albumin, platelet count, gamma glutamyltransferase, and cholangiography to predict a primary outcome of liver transplantation or death (TD) and a broader secondary outcome that included portal hypertensive, biliary, and cancer complications termed hepatobiliary complications (HBCs). The model stratified patients as low, medium, or high risk based on progression to TD at rates of <1%, 3%, and 9% annually and to HBCs at rates of 2%, 6%, and 13% annually, respectively (P < 0.001). C‐statistics to discriminate outcomes at 1 and 5 years were 0.95 and 0.82 for TD and 0.80 and 0.76 for HBCs, respectively. Baseline hepatic fibrosis stage was worse with increasing risk score, with extensive fibrosis in 8% of the lowest versus 100% with the highest risk index (P < 0.001). The model was validated in 240 children from 11 additional centers and performed well.

Conclusions
The SCOPE index is a pediatric‐specific prognostic tool for PSC. It uses routinely obtained, objective data to predict a complicated clinical course. It correlates strongly with biopsy‐proven liver fibrosis. SCOPE can be used with families for shared decision making on clinical care based on a patient’s individual risk, and to account for variable disease progression when designing future clinical trials.
Rapid intraoperative diagnosis of gynecological cancer by ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy of fresh tissue biopsy
Authors: Malonek Dov , Dekel Ben‐Zion , Haran Gabi , Reens‐Carmel Renat , Groisman Gabriel M. , Hallak Mordechai , Bruchim Ilan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA rapid and reliable intraoperative diagnostic technique to support clinical decisions was developed using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Twenty‐six fresh tissue samples were collected intraoperatively from patients undergoing gynecological surgeries. Frozen section (FS) histopathology aimed to discriminate between malignant and benign tumors was performed, and attenuated total reflection (ATR) FTIR spectra were collected from these samples. Digital dehydration and principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PCA‐LDA) models were developed to classify samples into malignant and benign groups. Two validation schemes were employed: k‐fold and “leave one out.” FTIR absorption spectrum of a fresh tissue sample was obtained in less than 5 minutes. The fingerprint spectral region of malignant tumors was consistently different from that of benign tumors. The PCA‐LDA discrimination model correctly classified the samples into malignant and benign groups with accuracies of 96% and 93% for the k‐fold and “leave one out” validation schemes, respectively. We showed that a simple tissue preparation followed by ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy provides accurate means for very rapid tumor classification into malignant and benign gynecological tumors. With further development, the proposed method has high potential to be used as an adjunct to the intraoperative FS histopathology technique.
Skin Autofluorescence, a Noninvasive Biomarker for Advanced Glycation End-Products, Is Associated With Prevalent Vertebral and Major Osteoporotic Fractures: The Rotterdam Study
Authors: Waqas Komal , Chen Jinluan , Koromani Fjorda , Trajanoska Katerina , van der Eerden Bram CJ , Uitterlinden André G , Rivadeneira Fernando , Zillikens M Carola 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which bind to type 1 collagen in bone and skin, have been implicated in reduced bone quality. The AGE reader™ measures skin autofluorescence (SAF), which might be regarded as a marker of long-term accumulation of AGEs in tissues. We investigated the association of SAF with bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures in the general population. We studied 2853 individuals from the Rotterdam Study with available SAF measurements (median age, 74.1 years) and with data on prevalent major osteoporotic (MOFs: hip, humerus, wrist, clinical vertebral) and vertebral fractures (VFs: clinical + radiographic Genant’s grade 2 and 3). Radiographs were assessed 4 to 5 years before SAF. Multivariate regression models were performed adjusted for age, sex, BMI, creatinine, smoking status, and presence of diabetes and additionally for BMD with interaction terms to test for effect modification. Prevalence of MOFs was 8.5% and of VFs 7%. SAF had a curvilinear association with prevalent MOFs and VFs and therefore, age-adjusted, sex stratified SAF quartiles were used. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of the second, third and fourth quartiles of SAF for MOFs were as follows: OR 1.60 (95% CI, 1.08–2.35; p = .02); OR 1.30 (95% CI, 0.89–1.97; p = .20), and OR 1.40 (95% CI, 0.95–2.10; p = .09), respectively, with first (lowest) quartile as reference. For VFs the ORs were as follows: OR 1.69 (95% CI, 1.08–2.64; p = .02), OR 1.74(95% CI, 1.11–2.71; p = .01), and OR 1.73 (95% CI, 1.12–2.73; p = .02) for second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively. When comparing the top three quartiles combined with the first quartile, the OR (95% CI) for MOFs was 1.43 (95% CI, 1.04–2.00; p = .03) and for VFs was 1.72 (95% CI, 1.18–2.53; p = .005). Additional adjustment for BMD did not change the associations. In conclusion, there is evidence of presence of a threshold of skin AGEs below which there is distinctly lower prevalence of fractures. Longitudinal analyses are needed to confirm our cross-sectional findings. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Clinical features, isolation, and complete genome sequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from the first two patients in Vietnam
Authors: Phan Lan T. , Nguyen Thuong V. , Huynh Loan K. T. , Dao Manh H. , Vo Tho A. N. , Vu Nhung H. P. , Pham Hang T. T. , Nguyen Hieu T. , Nguyen Thuc T. , Le Hung Q. , Nguyen Thinh V. , Nguyen Quan H. , Huynh Thao P. , Nguyen Sang N. , Nguyen Anh H. , Nguyen Ngoc T. , Nguyen Thao N. T. , Nguyen Long T. , Luong Quang C. , Cao Thang M. , Pham Quang D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn January 2020, we identified two severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐infected patients in a familial cluster with one person coming from Wuhan, China. The complete genome sequences of two SARS‐CoV‐2 strains isolated from these patients were identical and 99.98% similar to strains isolated in Wuhan. This is genetically suggestive of human‐to‐human transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and indicates Wuhan as the most plausible origin of the early outbreak in Vietnam. The younger patient had a mild upper respiratory illness and a brief viral shedding, whereas the elderly with multi‐morbidity had pneumonia, prolonged viral shedding, and residual lung damage. The evidence of nonsynonymous substitutions in the ORF1ab region of the viral sequence warrants further studies.
Kinetic modeling of ZnO‐rGO catalyzed degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Nisar Asif , Saeed Muhammad , Usman Muhammad , Muneer Majid , Adeel Muhammad , Khan Iltaf , Akhtar Javaid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhotodegradation of organic pollutants strongly depends on design of metal oxide semiconductor photocatalysts. Graphene, if composited with ZnO, can effectively enhance its photocatalytic performance for the eradication of pollutants from aqueous medium. Here in, ZnO‐rGO is reported as highly active catalyst for degradation of methylene blue. A 200‐mg/L solution of methylene blue dye was completely degraded within 1 h in comparison to 74% and 56% degradation over ZnO and rGO, respectively. The commonly used mechanisms of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood mechanism, and the Eley‐Rideal mechanisms, were used to describe the reaction kinetics. The Langmuir‐Hinshelwood mechanism was found as more favorable in this study. Apparent activation energy, Eap, true activation energy, ET, entropy, ΔS, and enthalpy, ΔH were calculated as 36.2 kJ/mol, 13.1 kJ/mol, 197.5 J/mol, and 23.1 kJ/mol, respectively.
Investigating uncertainties created by camera improvement in an optical survey
Authors: Bethoney N. David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFish are an essential source of global food. Fishery‐independent data is critical to fisheries assessment and management. The uncertainties created by changing methods to collect this data must be understood. In the U.S. Northeast Atlantic, a drop camera survey of Atlantic sea scallops is a critical source of fishery‐independent data. From 1999 to 2016 the primary sampling unit of the survey was an analog 2.8 m2 image. In 2017 this image was replaced with a digital 2.3 m2 image. Here the key uncertainties associated with this change, an increased ability to detect small scallops and altered estimates of size frequencies and densities due to the survey's methods in the context of the smaller image size, are explored. Scallop detection differences were quantified using a maximum likelihood model and paired analog and digital images. The proportion of scallops measured by size in actual and simulated data and different methods of counting scallops along the edges of images were compared to explore these uncertainties. More scallops were detected in the digital images until scallops were greater than 75 mm in shell height, indicating the models developed here are needed to adjust scallop counts for analysis incorporating juveniles and data from the two cameras. The proportion of scallops measured did not match the simulation and was not linked to quadrat size. There was no significant difference in scallop density with different counting methods. This investigation spurred by altering the methods of a well‐established survey provided confidence in results with potential avenues for fine‐tuning.
Isocyanoacetate‐Aldehyde Polymerization: A Facile Tool toward Functional Oxazoline‐Containing Polymers
Authors: Cheng Tianyu , Chen Yizhao , Ding Jie , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs an important nitrogen source, isocyanides have been involved in numerous organic reactions. As a result, many complicated compounds have been successfully synthesized through isocyanide chemistry. However, compared with its popular research in organic reactions, the application of isocyanides in polymerization is less investigated. In this work, a new polymerization based on isocyanide monomers is established. By simply mixing diisocyanoacetates and dialdehydes in the presence of a catalytic system of CuCl/PPh3/organobase in dichloromethane at room temperature readily produces soluble and thermally stable oxazoline‐containing polymers with moderate weight‐averaged molecular weights (Mw up to 11 200) in excellent yields (up to 97%) after 6 h. Furthermore, introducing the tetraphenylethene moiety into the main chains endows the resultant polymers with aggregation‐induced emission, which can function as fluorescent probes for Fe3+ ion detection with high sensitivity and selectivity. This work not only enriches the family of isocyanide‐based polymerizations but also provides an efficient tool for the preparation of functional heterocycle‐containing polymers.
Fumarate hydratase c.914T > C (p.Phe305Ser) is a pathogenic variant associated with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome
Authors: Breen Kelsey E. , Carlo Maria I. , Kemel Yelena , Maio Anna , Chen Ying‐Bei , Zhang Liying , Ceyhan‐Birsoy Ozge , Mandelker Diana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome (HLRCC), caused by heterozygous germline pathogenic variants in the FH, confers an increased risk for cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas and renal cancer.MethodsAbout 13,722 advanced cancer patients, including 560 with renal cell carcinoma, had germline analysis performed in the context of tumor‐normal sequencing under an IRB approved protocol.ResultsWe report two unrelated individuals with early onset kidney cancer who both carried the c.914C > T (p.Phe305Ser) germline variant in the FH. Both tumors exhibited loss of FH staining by immunohistochemistry and/or positive 2SC staining. Subsequent familial testing discovered that a daughter of a proband who carried the variant had both cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas.ConclusionThis combination of evidence suggests that the FH c.914C > T (p.Phe305Ser) is pathogenic for HLRCC.
Guidance for resumption of routine electrodiagnostic testing during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Desai Urvi , Kassardjian Charles D. , Del Toro David , Gleveckas‐Martens Nida , Srinivasan Jayashri , Venesy Deborah , Narayanaswami Pushpa ,   the AANEM Quality and Patient Safety Committee
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs the world accommodates to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, routine in‐person medical services are resuming. The resumption of non urgent electrodiagnostic (EDX) testing faces unique challenges due to the long duration of the procedure and direct close contact with patients, including studies with risk of exposure to oropharyngeal secretions. We provide consensus guidance for resumption of EDX testing, addressing scheduling, patient arrival and registration, use of personal protective equipment, COVID‐19 screening and testing, the performance of EDX testing in outpatient and inpatient settings, cleaning and maintenance of the EDX equipment and laboratory, balancing trainee safety and training requirements, and patient care issues. These are broad recommendations that need to be adapted to local COVID‐19 risks, institutional guidelines and policies, and changing federal, state, and local regulations, and to changes in the pandemic over time.
Assessment and perception of student farm background in an introductory agriculture course
Authors: Boerngen Maria A. , Rickard Justin W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs faculty continue to become generations removed from production agriculture, it may be difficult for some instructors to determine the production experience of students in their classrooms. This presents a unique issue in the broader field of agriculture education across disciplines in areas such as curriculum development and teaching methodology. The objective of this study was to quantify student self‐perceptions of their farming backgrounds and experiences in a non‐land‐grant university agriculture department. Students in an introductory agriculture course at Illinois State University were surveyed over four consecutive semesters to determine previous agricultural experience. Out of a total course enrollment of 775, 200 students indicated a farm background. This study focuses on these 200 students. Grain production experience was indicated by 79.5% of participants, and 52% of students reported livestock production experience, many of which (41.3%) were junior/4‐H/FFA‐based, which may influence student perception of commercial practices. Although 46.7% of respondents reported at least half of their family's household income was farm‐based, the proportion of household income generated by farming was greater for students indicating primarily grain farming backgrounds. Contrary to typical perceptions of “farm kids,” results of this study indicate low levels of production experience, and further evaluation of student and teacher agricultural experiences and perceptions is warranted.
Practical guide for pediatric pulmonologists on imaging management of pediatric patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Foust Alexandra M. , McAdam Alexander J. , Chu Winnie C. , Garcia‐Peña Pilar , Phillips Grace S. , Plut Domen , Lee Edward Y. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding of coronavirus disease 2019 is rapidly evolving with new articles on the subject daily. This flood of articles can be overwhelming for busy practicing clinicians looking for key pieces of information that can be applied in daily practice. This review article synthesizes the reported imaging findings in pediatric Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) across the literature, offers imaging differential diagnostic considerations and useful radiographic features to help differentiate these entities from COVID‐19, and provides recommendations for requesting imaging studies to evaluate suspected cases of pediatric COVID‐19.
Recent Progress on the Preparation of Cyclomatrix‐Polyphosphazene Based Micro/Nanospheres and Their Application for Drug Release
Authors: Mehmood Sahid , Wang Li , Yu Haojie , Haq Fazal , Fahad Shah , Bilal‐ul‐Amin  , Alim Uddin Md , Haroon Muhammad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolyphosphazenes (PPZs) are the hybrid polymers composed of nitrogen and phosphorous atoms linked through alternate single and double bond. For the preparation of cyclomatrix polyphosphazene (CMPPZ) based micro/nanospheres, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) was reacted with monomers containing hydroxyl and amino groups. The cross‐linked structure of CMPPZ is biodegradable and biocompatible in nature. The CMPPZ based micro/nanospheres have potential application in the field of biomedical. In this review article, we have described the different ways for the preparation of CMPPZ based micro/nanospheres and their drug release behavior. The average diameter size and surface morphology of the highly cross‐linked CMPPZ based micro/nanospheres depended on the concentration of both the monomers. This review article also emphasized on the drug release properties of the CMPPZ based micro/nanospheres.
Removal of Acid Blue 92 by Using Amino‐Functionalized Silica‐Pillared Clay as a New Nano‐Adsorbent: Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters
Authors: Hassanimarand Mahsa , Anbia Mansoor , Salehi Samira 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, silica‐pillared clay (SPC) and functionalized samples by chitosan (SPC/CTS) and different amounts of poly diallyl dimethylammonium chloride (SPC/PDDA‐10, SPC/PDDA‐20, and SPC/PDDA‐30) have been synthesized and have been employed as some low‐cost and eco‐friendly adsorbents in the adsorptive removal of Acid Blue 92 (AB 92) from contaminated waters. The structural variation of functionalized and unfunctionalized samples confirmed by different techniques such as Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and N2 adsorption‐ desorption analysis. The SPC/PDDA‐30 was selected for further studies due to its effective adsorption. The optimum values of adsorbent dosage, dye concentration, contact time and pH were found 0.02 g, 120 mg/L, 120 min and 5.0 respectively by applying response surface methodology (RSM). The adsorption equilibrium data were satisfactorily predicted by the Langmuir model and the adsorption process best fitted with a pseudo‐second‐order model. Adsorption thermodynamic analysis indicated the uptake of AB 92 on SPC/PDDA‐30 was exothermic and spontaneous. The high adsorption capacity of the selected nanocomposite could maintain after five successive adsorption‐desorption cycles by using 0.5 M NaOH.