bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power loss of hot Dirac fermions in silicene and its near equivalence with graphene
Authors: Kubakaddi S S , Phuc Huynh V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The power loss P of hot Dirac fermions through the coupling to the intrinsic intravalley and intervalley acoustic and optical phonons is analytically investigated in silicene as a function of electron temperature T

e
and density n

s
. At very low T

e
, the power dissipation is found to follow the Bloch–Grüneisen power-law

∝

T
e
4

and

n
s

−
0.5

, as in graphene, and for

T
e

≲

20–30 K, the power loss is predominantly due to the intravalley acoustic phonon scattering. On the other hand, dispersionless low energy intervalley acoustic phonons begin to dominate the power transfer at temperatures as low as ∼30 K, and optical phonons dominate at

T
e

≳
200

K, unlike the graphene. The total power loss increases with T

e
with a value of ∼1010 eV s−1 at 300 K, which is the same order of magnitude as in graphene. The power loss due to intravalley acoustic phonons increases with n

s
at higher T

e
, whereas due to the intervalley acoustic and optical phonons is found to be independent of n

s
. Interestingly, the energy relaxation time in silicene is about four times higher than that in graphene. For this reason, silicene may be superior over graphene for its applications in bolometers and calorimeters. Power transfer to the surface optical phonons

P

SO

is also studied as a function of T

e
and n

s
for silicene on Al2O3 substrate and it is found to be greater than the intrinsic phonon contribution at higher T

e
. Substrate engineering is discussed to reduce

P

SO

.
Controllable non-Markovianity in phase relaxation
Authors: Kukita Shingo , Kondo Yasushi , Nakahara Mikio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Recently remarkable progress in quantum technology has been witnessed. In view of this it is important to investigate an open quantum system as a model of such quantum devices. Quantum devices often require extreme conditions for the devices to operate: dynamics can be non-Markovian here. This observation necessitates us to investigate a non-Markovian open quantum system, both theoretically and experimentally. In this paper, we report two important results: (1) exact solution of a simple but non-trivial theoretical model and (2) demonstration of this model by NMR experiments, where non-Markovianity is continuously controllable. We observe qualitative agreement between theory and experiment.
Nature of the glass transition in 2D colloidal suspensions of short rods
Authors: Liu Xinzhuo , Wang Huaguang , Zhang Zexin , Kosterlitz J M , Ling Xinsheng Sean 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The glass transition, a many-body system undergoes an apparent dynamic arrest with no appearance of long-range order, is one of the most challenging problems in condensed matter physics. Recently attention has been focused on the puzzling two-step transition observed in colloidal suspensions of ellipsoids. It was observed that micro nematic domains appearing with increasing packing density suggesting that such micro domains may be the structure origin of the two-step glass transition. Here we report an experimental study of monolayers of colloidal rods which exhibits a two-step glass transition with no appearance of pseudo-nematic domains. Instead, it was found that parallel and perpendicularly packed rods form local free energy minima in configurational space, separated by an activation barrier. This barrier increases significantly when rotational glass transition is approached, thereby the rotational motion is frozen while the translational one remains diffusive. We propose that the activation barrier for rotation is the key to the two-step glass transition in suspensions of rods. Such an activation barrier between well-defined local configurations holds the key to understanding the two-step glass transition in general.
The Surface Brightness of MegaConstellation Satellite Trails on Large Telescopes
Authors: Ragazzoni Roberto 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
On large telescopes, the trails produced by MegaConstellation satellites will be significantly defocused due to their close proximity. As a result, their apparent surface brightness will be, under a range of conditions, almost constant during their apparent sweep across the focal plane. This paper derives a few simple relationships and evaluate the impact of such trails on operations of large optical ground based facilities.
Micro/nano topography with altered nanotube diameter differentially trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress to mediate bone mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Mengqi Shi , Wen Song , Boxin Zhang , Minni Liu , Yan Zhang , Qun Wu , Yumei Zhang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Micro/nano-topography (MNT) can promote osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, but the mechanism of topographical signaling transduction remains unclear. We have confirmed MNT, as a stressor, triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activates unfolded protein response in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and such topography-induced ER stress promotes osteogenic differentiation. In order to reveal the influence of nanotube dimensions on ER stress, MNTs containing vertically oriented TiO2 nanotubes of diameters ranging from 30 nm to 100 nm were fabricated on pure titanium (Ti) foils, and ER stress and osteogenic differentiation of cells were systematically studied. After 12 h of cultivation, the transmission electron microscopy showed that cells on MNTs presented gross distortions of rough ER morphology containing the electron-dense material, and the expansion of the ER lumen became more pronounced as the dimension of nanotubes increased. Additionally, PCR and western blotting showed that the ER stress-related gene, the ER chaperone 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, also known as binding-immunoglobulin protein (GRP78/BiP), was up-regulated, which was consistent with the osteogenesis-inducing ability of MNTs. Based on our previous studies, the findings in this article further revealed the mechanism for topographical cues modulating osteogenic differentiation of cells, which may provide an innovative approach for the optimal design of implant surface topography.
Does the Union Make Us Strong? Labor-Union Membership, Self-Rated Health, and Mental Illness: A Parametric G-Formula Approach
Authors: Eisenberg-Guyot Jerzy , Mooney Stephen J , Barrington Wendy E , Hajat Anjum 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Union members enjoy better wages and benefits and greater power than nonmembers, which can improve health. However, the longitudinal union-health relationship remains uncertain, partially because of healthy-worker bias, which cannot be addressed without high-quality data and methods that account for exposure-confounder feedback and structural nonpositivity. Applying one such method, the parametric g-formula, to US-based Panel Study of Income Dynamics data, we analyzed the longitudinal relationships between union membership, poor/fair self-rated health (SRH), and moderate mental illness (Kessler 6-item score of ≥5). The SRH analyses included 16,719 respondents followed from 1985–2017, while the mental-illness analyses included 5,813 respondents followed from 2001–2017. Using the parametric g-formula, we contrasted cumulative incidence of the outcomes under 2 scenarios, one in which we set all employed-person-years to union-member employed-person-years (union scenario), and one in which we set no employed-person-years to union-member employed-person-years (nonunion scenario). We also examined whether the contrast varied by sex, sex and race, and sex and education. Overall, the union scenario was not associated with reduced incidence of poor/fair SRH (relative risk = 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95, 1.09; risk difference = 0.01, 95% CI: −0.03, 0.04) or moderate mental illness (relative risk = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.12; risk difference = 0.01, 95% CI: −0.04, 0.06) relative to the nonunion scenario. These associations largely did not vary by subgroup.
RobNorm: model-based robust normalization method for labeled quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics data
Authors: Wang Meng , Jiang Lihua , Jian Ruiqi , Chan Joanne Y , Liu Qing , Snyder Michael P , Tang Hua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMotivationData normalization is an important step in processing proteomics data generated in mass spectrometry experiments, which aims to reduce sample-level variation and facilitate comparisons of samples. Previously published methods for normalization primarily depend on the assumption that the distribution of protein expression is similar across all samples. However, this assumption fails when the protein expression data is generated from heterogenous samples, such as from various tissue types. This led us to develop a novel data-driven method for improved normalization to correct the systematic bias meanwhile maintaining underlying biological heterogeneity.ResultsTo robustly correct the systematic bias, we used the density-power-weight method to down-weigh outliers and extended the one-dimensional robust fitting method described in the previous work to our structured data. We then constructed a robustness criterion and developed a new normalization algorithm, called RobNorm.In simulation studies and analysis of real data from the genotype-tissue expression project, we compared and evaluated the performance of RobNorm against other normalization methods. We found that the RobNorm approach exhibits the greatest reduction in systematic bias while maintaining across-tissue variation, especially for datasets from highly heterogeneous samples.Availabilityand implementationhttps://github.com/mwgrassgreen/RobNorm.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Clinical Presentation of Culture-positive and Culture-negative, Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR)-Attributable Shigellosis in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study and Derivation of a Shigella Severity Score: Implications for Pediatric Shigella Vaccine Trials
Authors: Pavlinac Patricia B , Platts-Mills James A , Tickell Kirkby D , Liu Jie , Juma Jane , Kabir Furqan , Nkeze Joseph , Okoi Catherine , Operario Darwin J , Uddin Jashim , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Alonso Pedro L , Antonio Martin , Becker Stephen M , Breiman Robert F , Faruque Abu S G , Fields Barry , Gratz Jean , Haque Rashidul , Hossain Anowar , Hossain M Jahangir , Jarju Sheikh , Qamar Farah , Iqbal Najeeha Talat , Kwambana Brenda , Mandomando Inacio , McMurry Timothy L , Ochieng Caroline , Ochieng John B , Ochieng Melvin , Onyango Clayton , Panchalingam Sandra , Kalam Adil , Aziz Fatima , Qureshi Shahida , Ramamurthy Thandavarayan , Roberts James H , Saha Debasish , Sow Samba O , Stroup Suzanne E , Sur Dipika , Tamboura Boubou , Taniuchi Mami , Tennant Sharon M , Roose Anna , Toema Deanna , Wu Yukun , Zaidi Anita , Nataro James P , Levine Myron M , Houpt Eric R , Kotloff Karen L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Shigella is a leading cause of childhood diarrhea and target for vaccine development. Microbiologic and clinical case definitions are needed for pediatric field vaccine efficacy trials.

Methods
We compared characteristics of moderate to severe diarrhea (MSD) cases in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) between children with culture positive Shigella to those with culture-negative, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-attributable Shigella (defined by an ipaH gene cycle threshold &lt;27.9). Among Shigella MSD cases, we determined risk factors for death and derived a clinical severity score.

Results
Compared to culture-positive Shigella MSD cases (n = 745), culture-negative/qPCR-attributable Shigella cases (n = 852) were more likely to be under 12 months, stunted, have a longer duration of diarrhea, and less likely to have high stool frequency or a fever. There was no difference in dehydration, hospitalization, or severe classification from a modified Vesikari score. Twenty-two (1.8%) Shigella MSD cases died within the 14-days after presentation to health facilities, and 59.1% of these deaths were in culture-negative cases. Age &lt;12 months, diarrhea duration prior to presentation, vomiting, stunting, wasting, and hospitalization were associated with mortality. A model-derived score assigned points for dehydration, hospital admission, and longer diarrhea duration but was not significantly better at predicting 14-day mortality than a modified Vesikari score.

Conclusions
A composite severity score consistent with severe disease or dysentery may be a pragmatic clinical endpoint for severe shigellosis in vaccine trials. Reliance on culture for microbiologic confirmation may miss a substantial number of Shigella cases but is currently required to measure serotype specific immunity.
Tolerability of Bowel Preparation and Colonoscopy in IBD Patients: Results From a Prospective, Single-Center, Case–Control Study
Authors: Bezzio Cristina , Schettino Mario , Manes Gianpiero , Andreozzi Paolo , Arena Ilaria , Della Corte Cristina , Costetti Martina , Devani Massimo , Omazzi Barbara Federica , Saibeni Simone 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Endoscopy plays a fundamental role in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of bowel preparation and colonoscopy in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) patients compared to subjects participating in a colorectal cancer population screening program.

Methods
Consecutive enrolment of CD and UC patients and screening subjects (SS) undergoing colonoscopy. Bowel preparation was done by split dose of 2 L PEG-ELS + simethicone. We recorded endoscopic, clinical, and demographic features; cleanliness rating using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS); and sedation doses. Bowel-preparation tolerability, discomfort, and pain during colonoscopy were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale from 0 to 100 mm.

Results
Sixty-three UC (mean age 49.9 ± 14.9 years), 63 CD (mean age 44.0 ± 14.0 years), and 63 SS (mean age 59.9 ± 6.3 years) patients were enrolled. Bowel preparation was similarly tolerated in UC, CD, and SS (P = 0.397). A complete colonoscopy was similarly performed in UC (59/63, 93.7%), CD (58/63, 92.1%), and SS (60/63, 95.2%) (P = 0.364). The BBPS did not show significant differences between UC (6.2 ± 1.6), CD (6.1 ± 1.3), and SS (6.2 ± 1.4) (P = 0.824). The need to increase sedation doses was significantly higher in CD (24/63, 38.1%) and UC (16/63, 25.4%) than in SS (4/63, 6.3%) (P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
Bowel preparation is equally tolerated and efficacious in IBD patients and in healthy SS. In IBD, higher sedation doses are needed to guarantee an equally tolerated colonoscopy.
Justifying Murder: Performativity in the Letters of Sergeant Mathias Müller, Police Battalion 309, from 1941/42
Authors: Schnell Felix 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In their private correspondence German soldiers were often silent about the atrocities they committed on the Eastern front during the Second World War. This article demonstrates that a ‘thick description’ of Holocaust perpetrators’ writing practices can reveal strategies of justification and legitimation for mass murder. Mathias Müller of Police Battalion 309 made use of the performative force of his words, using allusions to address topics he was unable or unwilling to address explicitly. These allusions form a strategy over several letters and peak in the construction of a personal ‘Lemberg experience’. Soviet atrocities and the crimes of Soviet functionaries were identified by Müller as ‘Jewish’ crimes. The analysis demonstrates that in form and content the description powerfully alleges revenge was rightful and necessary. This use of performative force is also demonstrated in the case of other soldiers’ correspondence. It is possible that this means of addressing topics without naming them directly was widely deployed by German soldiers in the Second World War.
Genetic stratification of inherited and sporadic phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma: implications for precision medicine
Authors: Casey Ruth , Neumann Hartmut P H , Maher Eamonn R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Over the past two decades advances in genomic technologies have transformed knowledge of the genetic basis of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). Though traditional teaching suggested that inherited cases accounted for only 10% of all phaeochromocytoma diagnosis, current estimates are at least three times this proportion. Inherited PPGL is a highly genetically heterogeneous disorder but the most frequently results from inactivating variants in genes encoding subunits of succinate dehydrogenase. Expanding knowledge of the genetics of PPGL has been translated into clinical practice by the provision of widespread testing for inherited PPGL. In this review, we explore how the molecular stratification of PPGL is being utilized to enable more personalized strategies for investigation, surveillance and management of affected individuals and their families. Translating recent genetic research advances into clinical service can not only bring benefits through more accurate diagnosis and risk prediction but also challenges when there is a suboptimal evidence base for the clinical consequences or significance of rare genotypes. In such cases, clinical, biochemical, pathological and functional imaging assessments can all contribute to more accurate interpretation and clinical management.
Teamwork in hip preservation: the ISHA 2019 Annual Scientific Meeting
Authors: Lall Ajay C , Walsh John P , Maldonado David R , Pinto Leonardo E , Ashberg Lyall J , Lodhia Parth , Radha Sarkhell , Correia António Pedro Robalo , Domb Benjamin G , Perez-Carro Luis , Marín-Peña Oliver , Griffin Damian R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hip preservation surgery is now an established part of orthopedic surgery and sports medicine. This report describes the key findings of the 11th Annual Scientific Meeting of International Society for Hip Arthroscopy—the International Hip Preservation Society—in Madrid, Spain from 16 to 19 October 2019. Lectures, seminars and debates explored the most up-to-date and expert views on a wide variety of subjects, including: diagnostic problems in groin pain, buttock pain and low back pain; surgical techniques in acetabular dysplasia, hip instability, femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, labral repair and reconstruction, cartilage defects, adolescent hips and gluteus medius and hamstring tears; and new ideas about femoral torsion, hip–spine syndrome, hip capsule surgery, impact of particular sports on hip injuries, registries, robotics and training for hip preservation specialists. Surgeons, sports physicians, radiologists and physiotherapists looking after young people with hip problems have an increasingly sophisticated armoury of ideas and techniques with which to help their patients. The concept of hip preservation has developed incredibly fast over the last decade; now it is clear that the best results can only be achieved by a multidisciplinary team working together. The 2020s will be the decade of ‘Teamwork in Hip Preservation’.
Surgical resection of the primary lesion for osteosarcoma patients with metastasis at initial diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Liuzhe , Akiyama Toru , Fukushima Takashi , Iwata Shintaro , Takeshita Katsushi , Kawai Akira , Tanaka Sakae , Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Approximately 10–20% of osteosarcoma patients present with metastasis on diagnosis. Completely resecting the lesion is associated with better prognosis. However, evidence regarding optimal surgical strategies for patients with unresectable metastasis is limited.

Methods
This retrospective analysis was based on the Japanese Nationwide Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor registry. In total, 335 patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma with metastasis were included. Factors affecting overall survival were identified using multivariate analysis. Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare the overall survival by the status of surgical intervention. Two hundred and four patients who did not undergo surgery for metastasis were divided into two groups, depending on whether they underwent surgery for the primary lesion. The background differences between these two groups were adjusted with propensity score matching, with 43 patients per group. The overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with a log-rank test.

Results
Factors positively impacting overall survival were age &lt;40, female sex, extremity origin, surgery for the primary lesions, surgery for metastasis and radiotherapy without surgery. For patients with unresectable metastasis, after propensity score matching, the survival rate was higher in the group that underwent primary lesion surgery than the group without surgery. Their median survival was 19 (95% confidence interval: 11.7–26.3) and 11 months (95% confidence interval: 4.5–17.5) (P = 0.02), respectively.

Conclusions
Surgical resection of the primary osteosarcoma lesion did not worsen prognosis, even in patients with unresectable metastasis. Further study is needed to identify which patient group will benefit from primary lesion resection.
Analysing India’s Open Acreage Licensing Policy: problems and perspectives
Authors: Pratik Dixit 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In recent decades, India has increasingly felt the need to reduce its dependence on imported crude oil by augmenting domestic production. In such pursuance, India recently enacted the Hydrocarbon Exploration Licensing Policy (HELP) to attract private investments in India’s upstream oil and gas sector. One of the salient features of HELP is the Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP), which sought to liberalize auctioning and licensing process of upstream oil and gas sector in India. This article analyses the salient features of the OALP to argue that it has remedied most of the problems associated with previous licensing regimes. Even though India has significantly liberalized the auction and licensing process, the fiscal terms governing the revenue sharing between the operator and the government have served as a deterrent to make India an attractive destination for foreign investors. Therefore, this article suggests that India must offer more attractive fiscal terms to oil companies to incentivize them to undertake the risk of investing in India’s upstream sector.