bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local staging and treatment in extremity rhabdomyosarcoma. A report from the EpSSG‐RMS2005 study
Authors: Terwisscha van Scheltinga Sheila E. J. , Wijnen Marc H. W. A. , Martelli Hélène , Rogers Timothy , Mandeville Henry , Gaze Mark N. , McHugh Keiran , Corradini Nadege , Orbach Daniel , Jenney Meriel , Kelsey Anna , Chisholm Julia , Gallego Soledad , Glosli Heidi , Ferrari Andrea , Zanetti Ilaria , De Salvo Gian Luca , Minard‐Colin Veronique , Bisogno Giani , van Noesel Max M. , Merks Hans H. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma of the extremities present with two main challenges: correct evaluation of initial regional nodal involvement and define adequate local treatment.MethodsPediatric patients with localized rhabdomyosarcoma of the extremity included in the EpSSG‐RMS2005 study between 2005 and 2014 were evaluated for staging, treatment, and survival. The outcome was compared to the preceding European SIOP‐MMT studies.ResultsOf the 162 patients included, histology was unfavorable in 113 (70%), 124 (77%) were younger than 10 years, 128 (79%) were IRS III, and 47 (29%) were node‐positive. A regional node biopsy was performed in 97 patients (60%) and modified the lymph node stage in 15/97 (16%). Primary and delayed surgery was performed in 155 (96%) and radiotherapy delivered in 118 (73%) patients. Relapse occurred in 61 cases (38%), local in 14 (23%), regional in 13 (21%), distant in 22 (36%), and combined relapse in 12 (20%) with five progressive diseases (8%) and four secondary tumors (7%). Five‐year event free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 58.4% (95%CI, 50.3‐65.7) and 71.7% (63.6‐78.4), respectively. In the previous studies MMT89 and MMT95, tumor surgery was performed in 32/53 (60%) and 74/82(90%), respectively, and radiotherapy delivered in 13/53 (25%) and 26/82 (30%), respectively. Five‐year EFS and OS were 35.6%, and 50.3% in MMT89 and 54.3% and 68.2% in the MMT95 study.ConclusionsEven if the lymph node staging was not always complete according to the RMS2005 protocol, node sampling changed lymph node status in a significant number of patients. Despite the higher rate of patients treated with locoregional radiotherapy, survival in RMS2005 did not improve compared to the previous European SIOP‐MMT95 study.
Efficacy of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma by patient subgroups: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kundel Yulia , Sternschuss Michal , Moore Assaf , Perl Gali , Brenner Baruch , Goldvaser Hadar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEfficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma is inconsistent. Whether the efficacy of ICIs is comparable across different subgroups remains unknown.MethodsWe identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared standard treatment for metastatic gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma to ICIs. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival (OS) were extracted and pooled in a meta‐analysis. Prespecified subgroups were included as follows: age at randomization (</≤65 vs ≥/>65 years), gender (female vs male), ethnicity (Asians vs non‐Asians), performance‐status (0 vs 1), tumor location (gastric vs GEJ), and histological subtype (diffuse vs others). OS in patients with programmed death ligand (PD‐L1) positive and with microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) were also extracted and pooled in a meta‐analysis.ResultsFive RCTs comprising 2,264 patients were analyzed. Compared to standard therapy, ICIs did not improve OS (HR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.71‐1.03, P = .10) and the effect of ICIs on OS was similar in all subgroups. Nonsignificantly greater effect sizes were seen in older patients (HR = 0.85 vs 0.88, P = .81), male (HR = 0.82 vs 0.99, P = .16), Asians (HR = 0.86 vs 0.96, P = .55), performance‐status 0 (HR = 0.84 vs 0.88, P = .81), GEJ tumors (HR = 0.78 vs 0.90, P = .37), and nondiffuse subtype (HR = 0.71 vs 0.79, P = .62). ICIs were associated with significantly improved OS in patients with MSI‐H (HR = 0.33, P = .001), but not in PD‐L1 positive disease (HR = 0.86, P = .06).ConclusionsCompared to standard treatment, ICIs in metastatic gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma did not improve OS. None of the evaluated subgroups has shown increased magnitude of effect to ICIs, aside of the small group with MSI‐H tumors.
microRNA‐199a counteracts glucocorticoid inhibition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation through regulation of Klotho expression in vitro
Authors: Tang Jinshan , Yu Huaixi , Wang Yunqing , Duan Gang , Wang Bin , Li Wenbo , Zhu Ziqiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOsteogenic differentiation (OD) of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is critically important for mitigation of osteoporosis. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are extensively used for treating chronic inflammation, although long‐term exposure to GCs is capable of triggering osteoporosis. microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play a critical role in bone diseases. In the present study, we treated BMSCs with dexamethasone (DEX) during OD to stimulate GC‐mediated osteoporosis. Microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR) assays demonstrated that miR‐199a was upregulated during OD of BMSCs, while DEX treatment caused a significant reduction in miR‐199a. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red (AR) staining, and Q‐PCR were applied to assess the role of miRNA‐199a overexpression in DEX‐triggered OD inhibition. miR‐199a was able to rescue OD and ALP activity, which were inhibited by DEX. Additionally, we observed that ALP, BMP2, COL1A1, and Runx2 were increased after transfection of miRNA‐199a mimics. Furthermore, we confirmed that miRNA‐199a facilitates OD of BMSCs through direct inhibition of Klotho protein and messenger RNA expression affecting the downstream fibroblast growth factor receptor 1/extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase and Janus kinase 1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 pathways. This study indicates that miR‐199a plays a critical role in preventing GC‐mediated osteoblast differentiation and may function as a promising miRNA biomarker for osteoporosis.
Determination of Rate Constants and Reaction Orders of Vanadium‐Ion Kinetics on Carbon Fiber Electrodes.
Authors: Kroner Isabelle , Becker Maik , Turek Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAbstract: In the present work, the kinetic behavior of vanadium‐ion reactions on novel single carbon‐fiber electrodes is investigated. The theory of reaction orders and charge‐transfer coefficients is reviewed and typical sources of error due to incorrectly determined electrochemically active surface area, inhomogeneous current density distributions, mass transfer resistances, and aging are highlighted. The measured rate constants are in a range of 2.5 ⋅ 10−7–1.1 ⋅ 10−5 s−1 for the positive and 7.0 ⋅ 10−8–2.6 ⋅ 10−6 s−1 for the negative electrolyte. Despite these different activities of individual fibers, the reaction orders of V2+, V3+, VO2+ and VO2+ species are precisely determined as a function of the concentration and the state of charge. Moreover, charge‐transfer coefficients are calculated with two different approaches based on Tafel slopes and through adjustment of the Butler‐Volmer equation.
Vanadium‐Substituted Tungstosulfate Polyoxometalates as Peroxidase Mimetics and Their Potential Application in Biosensing
Authors: Saeed Ayad , Umer Muhammad , Yamasaki Naoki , Azuma Shinya , Ueda Tadaharu , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture are the group of Dr. Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky, Griffith University (Australia) and co‐workers from Kochi University (Japan). The cover picture shows vanadium‐substituted tungstosulfate polyoxometalate molecules and illustrates their broad potential as peroxidase mimetics for the sensing of a variety of biomolecules. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202000544.
Synthesis, Structure, and Complexation of an S‐Shaped Double Azahelicene with Inner‐Edge Nitrogen Atoms
Authors: Kawashima Takahiro , Matsumoto Yuki , Sato Takuma , Yamada Yoichi M. A. , Kono Choji , Tsurusaki Akihiro , Kamikawa Ken 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Ken Kamikawa and co‐workers at Osaka Prefecture University and RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science. The image depicts an S‐shaped double azahelicene capturing the palladium in a trans‐chelating fashion. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202002405.
Brønsted Base‐Catalyzed Formal Reductive [3+2] Annulation of 4,4,4‐Trifluorocrotonate and α‐Iminoketones
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Terada Masahiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA formal reductive [3+2] annulation of 4,4,4‐trifluorocrotonate and α‐iminoketones was developed under Brønsted base catalysis. A single phosphazene base efficiently catalyzes the one‐pot tandem reaction involving two mechanistically different elementary processes, namely the chemoselective reduction of an imine moiety of α‐iminoketones with thiols as the reductant and the subsequent intermolecular Michael addition of an enolate of α‐aminoketones concomitant with lactam formation. This operationally simple method provides β‐trifluoromethyl‐substituted γ‐lactams with a tetrasubstituted carbon as a single diastereomer.
Carbon Origami via an Alumina‐Assisted Cyclodehydrofluorination Strategy
Authors: Steiner Ann‐Kristin , Sharapa Dmitry I. , Troyanov Sergey I. , Nuss Jürgen , Amsharov Konstantin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of pristine non‐planar nanographenes (NGs) via a cyclodehydrofluorination strategy is reported and the creation of highly strained systems via alumina‐assisted C−F bond activation is shown. Steric hindrance could execute an alternative coupling program leading to rare octagon formation offering access to elusive non‐classical NGs. The combination of two alternative ways of folding could lead to the formation of various 3D NG objects, resembling the Japanese art of origami. The power of the presented “origami” approach is proved by the assembly of 12 challenging nanographenes that are π‐isoelectronic to planar hexabenzocoronene but forced out of planarity.
Progression of basal ganglia pathology in heterozygous Q175 knock‐in Huntington's disease mice
Authors: Deng Yunping , Wang Hongbing , Joni Marion , Sekhri Radhika , Reiner Anton 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe used behavioral testing and morphological methods to detail the progression of basal ganglia neuron type‐specific pathology and the deficits stemming from them in male heterozygous Q175 mice, compared to age‐matched WT males. A rotarod deficit was not present in Q175 mice until 18 months, but increased open field turn rate (reflecting hyperkinesia) and open field anxiety were evident at 6 months. No loss of striatal neurons was seen out to 18 months, but ENK+ and DARPP32+ striatal perikarya were fewer by 6 months, due to diminished expression, with further decline by 18 months. No reduction in SP+ striatal perikarya or striatal interneurons was seen in Q175 mice at 18 months, but cholinergic interneurons showed dendrite attenuation by 6 months. Despite reduced ENK expression in indirect pathway striatal perikarya, ENK‐immunostained terminals in globus pallidus externus (GPe) were more abundant at 6 months and remained so out to 18 months. Similarly, SP‐immunostained terminals from striatal direct pathway neurons were more abundant in globus pallidus internus and substantia nigra at 6 months and remained so at 18 months. FoxP2+ arkypallidal GPe neurons and subthalamic nucleus neurons were lost by 18 months but not prototypical PARV+ GPe neurons or dopaminergic nigral neurons. Our results show that striatal projection neuron abnormalities and behavioral abnormalities reflecting them develop between 2 and 6 months of age in Q175 male heterozygotes, indicating early effects of the HD mutation. The striatal pathologies resemble those in human HD, but are less severe at 18 months than even in premanifest HD.
Single‐atom Automobile Exhaust Catalysts
Authors: Lu Yubing , Zhang Zihao , Lin Fan , Wang Huamin , Wang Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) with isolated metal centers are attracting great research interest because of their maximized metal utilization rates and unique structures. In the last decade, significant efforts have been made to design highly efficient and cost‐effective SACs with applications in automobile exhaust aftertreatment. SACs have not only demonstrated their high potential for improving the catalytic performance of current automobile exhaust catalysts but also provided an ideal platform for understanding the origins of catalyst reactivity. In this review, we summarize the general strategies for promoting the reactivity of metal SACs while maintaining their thermal stability during exhaust‐abatement‐related reactions. Highlights are provided on well‐performed SACs for CO oxidation, unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) oxidation, and the selective catalytic reduction of NOx. The reaction mechanism and structure‐performance relationship of SAC during these reactions are also discussed. Finally, perspectives are given on the trending research fields for designing more efficient single‐atom automobile exhaust catalysts in the future.
Magic Clusters PtMg2,3H5− Facilitated by Local σ‐Aromaticity
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Jie , Gong Chu , Zhu Zhaoguo , Bowen Kit H. , Zhang Xinxing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe concept of local aromaticity has been successfully utilized in understanding the stability of certain atomic clusters. However, all the skeleton atoms in these clusters are covered by at least one local aromatic feature, collectively making the multiple local aromaticities coexist globally. Herein we show the robustness of local aromaticity as a tool for the discovery of novel magic clusters: not all of the skeleton atoms need to be covered by an aromatic feature to make the cluster magic. In this study, the PtMg2,3H5− cluster anions are generated by a unique high‐current pulsed discharge ion source and found to be magic numbers using mass spectrometry. Photoelectron spectroscopy and calculations confirm that only the PtH42− kernels in these clusters are locally aromatic. Based on these results, we propose that local aromaticity can be gainfully utilized as a new potential magic rule in the search for magic numbers.
Different glycaemia‐related risk factors for incident Alzheimer's disease in men and women with type 2 diabetes—A sex‐specific analysis of the Hong Kong diabetes database
Authors: Lee Chi‐Ho , Lui David T. W. , Cheung Chloe Y. Y. , Woo Yu‐Cho , Fong Carol H. Y. , Yuen Michele M. A. , Shea Yat‐Fung , Siu David C. W. , Chan Koon‐Ho , Chow Wing‐Sun , Lam Karen S. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsSexual dimorphism has been reported in the epidemiology, neurobiologic susceptibility and clinical presentation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As poor glycaemic control is associated with increased risks of AD, we aimed to investigate whether glycaemia‐related risk factors also differ between men and women, using a retrospective, sex‐specific analysis of a large Chinese cohort with diabetes.Materials & MethodsA total of 85,514 Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D; 46,783 women and 38,731 men), aged ≥60 years, were identified from electronic health records and observed for incident AD. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations with incident AD of several glycaemia‐related risk factors, including severe hypoglycaemia, mean HbA1c and indices of HbA1c variability, in men and women separately.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 6 years, women had a higher incidence of AD than men (2.3% vs. 1.2%, p < 0.001). Both men and women shared the same independent non‐glycaemic clinical predictors, which included older age, lower body mass index and longer duration of diabetes. However, for glycaemia‐related risk factors, we observed that severe hypoglycaemia and indices of HbA1c variability were independent predictors of incident AD in women but not in men, and the associations were irrespective of their baseline glycaemic control and duration of diabetes.ConclusionsOur findings highlighted that glycaemia‐related risk factors for incident AD differ between men and women with T2D. Strategies to maintain glycaemic stability and avoid severe hypoglycaemia might be especially important to preserve healthy cognition in older women with diabetes.
Improving the visibility of nighttime images for pedestrian recognition using in‐vehicle camera
Authors: Ogura Ryota , Nagasaki Takeshi , Matsubara Hitoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a need for methods to recognize night pedestrian to reduce pedestrian traffic accidents at night. In this paper, we proposed the method that converts images using continuous nighttime images from in‐vehicle camera. The proposed method performs feature extraction that does not depend on one's own vehicle speed because inputting continuous nighttime images, and the function of convolution layer that performs dimensionality reduction. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, we prepared the images of simulation and camera. The nighttime images were conversed with the proposed method. After conversion, we calculated the recognition performance by applying object detection which is an object recognition method. We showed the proposed method is more robust against the own vehicle speed change.
Outgroup prejudice and perceptions of prosocial intergroup behaviors
Authors: Borinca Islam , Falomir‐Pichastor Juan M. , Andrighetto Luca , Durante Federica 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHow people perceive outgroup prosocial behaviors is an important but under‐researched aspect of intergroup relations. In three experiments conducted in two cultural contexts (Italy and Kosovo) and with two different populations (adolescents and adults; N = 586), we asked participants to imagine being offered help by an outgroup versus ingroup member. Participants attributed fewer prosocial motives to and were less willing to accept help from the outgroup (vs. ingroup) member. This was particularly true for highly prejudiced participants and when the outgroup was described negatively. Participants' perceptions of the outgroup helper's prosocial motives and expected quality of the interaction with the helper mediated the effect of helper's group membership on willingness to accept the help (Experiment 3). We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for intergroup relations.
Modeling and optimization of finless and finned tube heat recovery steam generators for cogeneration plants
Authors: Ghaffari Ali , Ahmadi Rouhollah , Eyvazkhani Mina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article aims to model and optimize the fire tube Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) used in a gas microturbine cogeneration of heat and power system. Here, six cases including a finless and finned tube (solid and serrated) HRSGs with the inline and staggered arrangements are optimized and compared using techno‐economic assessment. Optimization of HRSG was carried out by applying two objective functions of minimizing the total annual cost as well as maximizing the exergy efficiency. Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II is used to find out the optimal values of design variables. The TOPSIS decision‐making process is employed to choose the optimum point of the Pareto front. A 600 kW gas microturbine cogeneration plant is considered as a case study. The results revealed that the finless tube HRSG with an inline arrangement has the lower pinch and approach temperatures (3.5°C and 3.1°C, respectively), the higher steam mass flow rate (12.7%), the lower total annual cost (64 096$/year), and the higher exergy efficiency (60.6%). It is also found that using the staggered arrangement tube banks along with the solid fins in HRSG leads the total annual cost, the steam mass flow rate, and exergy efficiency increase up to 41.6%, 100%, and 12.6%, respectively. This means that the thermodynamic performance improvement will compensate the total annual cost increment. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that HRSG with solid fins and staggered arrangement with total annual costs of (90 810$/year), exergy efficiency of (73.2%), and steam mass flow rate of (4680 kg/h) has the best performance in comparison with other finned tube cases.
Incentive mechanism design for edge‐cloud collaboration in mobile crowd sensing
Authors: Li Zhuo , Zhang Lihan , Chen Xin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, we propose a pricing‐based incentive mechanism for edge‐cloud collaboration (PIM‐EC) in mobile crowd sensing. In PIM‐EC, data can be exchanged among different regions with the support of edge‐cloud servers, which improves the data efficiency. For the utility conflicts between mobile sensing users and cloud servers in the traditional one‐stage game, we design a two‐stage game which includes the bargaining game between users and edge‐cloud servers, as well as a data trading game among different edge‐cloud servers deployed in different regions. For the first stage game, based on Stackelberg game model and Rubinstein bargaining model, we design a finite‐period dynamic bargaining algorithm. For the second stage game, based on the optimal auction mechanism and using the augmented Lagrange multiplier method, a quasi‐Newton iterative pricing algorithm is proposed. We investigate the performance of PIM‐EC through simulations. Compared with SWMA and IMC‐SS, the social welfare of PIM‐EC is increased by 41% and 29%, respectively.
The search for sexually antagonistic genes: Practical insights from studies of local adaptation and statistical genomics
Authors: Ruzicka Filip , Dutoit Ludovic , Czuppon Peter , Jordan Crispin Y. , Li Xiang-Yi , Olito Colin , Runemark Anna , Svensson Erik I. , Yazdi Homa Papoli , Connallon Tim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSexually antagonistic (SA) genetic variation—in which alleles favored in one sex are disfavored in the other—is predicted to be common and has been documented in several animal and plant populations, yet we currently know little about its pervasiveness among species or its population genetic basis. Recent applications of genomics in studies of SA genetic variation have highlighted considerable methodological challenges to the identification and characterization of SA genes, raising questions about the feasibility of genomic approaches for inferring SA selection. The related fields of local adaptation and statistical genomics have previously dealt with similar challenges, and lessons from these disciplines can therefore help overcome current difficulties in applying genomics to study SA genetic variation. Here, we integrate theoretical and analytical concepts from local adaptation and statistical genomics research—including FST and FIS statistics, genome-wide association studies, pedigree analyses, reciprocal transplant studies, and evolve-and-resequence experiments—to evaluate methods for identifying SA genes and genome-wide signals of SA genetic variation. We begin by developing theoretical models for between-sex FST and FIS, including explicit null distributions for each statistic, and using them to critically evaluate putative multilocus signals of sex-specific selection in previously published datasets. We then highlight new statistics that address some of the limitations of FST and FIS, along with applications of more direct approaches for characterizing SA genetic variation, which incorporate explicit fitness measurements. We finish by presenting practical guidelines for the validation and evolutionary analysis of candidate SA genes and discussing promising empirical systems for future work.