bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Swarm and Gravitation-based feature selection algorithm for handwritten Indic script classification problem
Authors: Guha Ritam , Ghosh Manosij , Singh Pawan Kumar , Sarkar Ram , Nasipuri Mita 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn any multi-script environment, handwritten script classification is an unavoidable pre-requisite before the document images are fed to their respective Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engines. Over the years, this complex pattern classification problem has been solved by researchers proposing various feature vectors mostly having large dimensions, thereby increasing the computation complexity of the whole classification model. Feature Selection (FS) can serve as an intermediate step to reduce the size of the feature vectors by restricting them only to the essential and relevant features. In the present work, we have addressed this issue by introducing a new FS algorithm, called Hybrid Swarm and Gravitation-based FS (HSGFS). This algorithm has been applied over three feature vectors introduced in the literature recently—Distance-Hough Transform (DHT), Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), and Modified log-Gabor (MLG) filter Transform. Three state-of-the-art classifiers, namely, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), are used to evaluate the optimal subset of features generated by the proposed FS model. Handwritten datasets at block, text line, and word level, consisting of officially recognized 12 Indic scripts, are prepared for experimentation. An average improvement in the range of 2–5% is achieved in the classification accuracy by utilizing only about 75–80% of the original feature vectors on all three datasets. The proposed method also shows better performance when compared to some popularly used FS models. The codes used for implementing HSGFS can be found in the following Github link: https://github.com/Ritam-Guha/HSGFS.
Relationship between rock uniaxial compressive strength and digital core drilling parameters and its forecast method
Authors: Gao Hongke , Wang Qi , Jiang Bei , Zhang Peng , Jiang Zhenhua , Wang Yue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe rock uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is the basic parameter for support designs in underground engineering. In particular, the rock UCS should be obtained rapidly for underground engineering with complex geological conditions, such as soft rock, fracture areas, and high stress, to adjust the excavation and support plan and ensure construction safety. To solve the problem of obtaining real-time rock UCS at engineering sites, a rock UCS forecast idea is proposed using digital core drilling. The digital core drilling tests and uniaxial compression tests are performed based on the developed rock mass digital drilling system. The results indicate that the drilling parameters are highly responsive to the rock UCS. Based on the cutting and fracture characteristics of the rock digital core drilling, the mechanical analysis of rock cutting provides the digital core drilling strength, and a quantitative relationship model (CDP-UCS model) for the digital core drilling parameters and rock UCS is established. Thus, the digital core drilling-based rock UCS forecast method is proposed to provide a theoretical basis for continuous and quick testing of the surrounding rock UCS.
Physicochemical, mineralogy, and thermo-kinetic characterisation of newly discovered Nigerian coals under pyrolysis and combustion conditions
Authors: Nyakuma Bemgba B. , Jauro Aliyu , Akinyemi Segun A. , Faizal Hasan M. , Nasirudeen Mohammed B. , Fuad Muhammad Ariff H. M. , Oladokun Olagoke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, the physicochemical, microstructural, mineralogical, thermal, and kinetic properties of three newly discovered coals from Akunza (AKZ), Ome (OME), and Shiga (SHG) in Nigeria were examined for potential energy recovery. Physicochemical analysis revealed high combustible but low levels of polluting elements. The higher heating values ranged from 18.65 MJ/kg (AKZ) to 26.59 MJ/kg (SHG). Microstructure and mineralogical analyses revealed particles with a rough texture, surface, and glassy lustre, which could be ascribed to metals, quartz, and kaolinite minerals. The major elements (C, O, Si, and Al), along with minor elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, S, and Ti) detected are associated with clays, salts, or the porphyrin constituents of coal. Thermal analysis showed mass loss (ML) ranges from 30.51% to 87.57% and residual mass (RM) from 12.44% to 69.49% under combustion (oxidative) and pyrolysis (non-oxidative) TGA conditions due to thermal degradation of organic matter and macerals (vitrinite, inertinite and liptinite). Kinetic analysis revealed the coals are highly reactive under the oxidative and non-oxidative conditions based on the Coats–Redfern Model. The activation energy (Ea) ranged from 23.81 to 89.56 kJ/mol, whereas the pre-exponential factor (ko) was from 6.77 × 10–4/min to 1.72 × 103/min under pyrolysis and combustion conditions. In conclusion, the coals are practical feedstocks for either energy recovery or industrial applications.
GeantV
Authors: Amadio G. , Ananya A. , Apostolakis J. , Bandieramonte M. , Banerjee S. , Bhattacharyya A. , Bianchini C. , Bitzes G. , Canal P. , Carminati F. , Chaparro-Amaro O. , Cosmo G. , De Fine Licht J. C. , Drogan V. , Duhem L. , Elvira D. , Fuentes J. , Gheata A. , Gheata M. , Gravey M. , Goulas I. , Hariri F. , Jun S. Y. , Konstantinov D. , Kumawat H. , Lima J. G. , Maldonado-Romo A. , Martínez-Castro J. , Mato P. , Nikitina T. , Novaes S. , Novak M. , Pedro K. , Pokorski W. , Ribon A. , Schmitz R. , Seghal R. , Shadura O. , Tcherniaev E. , Vallecorsa S. , Wenzel S. , Zhang Y. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFull detector simulation was among the largest CPU consumers in all CERN experiment software stacks for the first two runs of the Large Hadron Collider. In the early 2010s, it was projected that simulation demands would scale linearly with increasing luminosity, with only partial compensation from increasing computing resources. The extension of fast simulation approaches to cover more use cases that represent a larger fraction of the simulation budget is only part of the solution, because of intrinsic precision limitations. The remainder corresponds to speeding up the simulation software by several factors, which is not achievable by just applying simple optimizations to the current code base. In this context, the GeantV R&D project was launched, aiming to redesign the legacy particle transport code in order to benefit from features of fine-grained parallelism, including vectorization and increased locality of both instruction and data. This paper provides an extensive presentation of the results and achievements of this R&D project, as well as the conclusions and lessons learned from the beta version prototype.
Effect of Hepatitis C Drugs on Blood Coagulability in Patients on Warfarin Using the Medical Information Database Network (MID-NET®) in Japan
Authors: Sawada Sono , Ando Takashi , Hirano Mai , Komiyama Noriyuki , Iguchi Toyotaka , Oniyama Yukio , Ishiguro Chieko , Uyama Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Previous studies suggested that direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) against hepatitis C increased the blood coagulability of patients on warfarin. This study aims to descriptively investigate the effects of DAAs on the blood coagulability and liver function of patients on warfarin in Japan.

Methods
The Medical Information Database Network (MID-NET®) was used as data source. Fluctuations of blood coagulability and liver function were examined before and after DAA treatment in patients who were prescribed both DAAs and warfarin at least once during the study period from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2017.

Results
For the 16 eligible patients, the mean values of both PT-INR and WSI (warfarin sensitivity index) defined as the value obtained by dividing the PT-INR by the warfarin daily dose slightly decreased at the date of completion of the DAA treatment in comparison with those at the date of initiation and subsequently increased at 12 weeks after treatment completion. In contrast, the warfarin daily dose increased at the date of completion of the DAA treatment, followed by a decrease at 12 weeks after its completion. Several laboratory tests related to the liver function also revealed a similar decrease at the end of the DAA treatment.

Conclusion
The analysis of MID-NET® data provides useful information on drug safety assessment of real-world patients. The results of this study imply that fluctuation of the liver function test results may relate to the fluctuation of blood coagulability in patients on both DAA and warfarin. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the usefulness and limitations of real-world data in MID-NET® for regulatory purposes.
Real-World Data for Planning Eligibility Criteria and Enhancing Recruitment: Recommendations from the Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative
Authors: Evans Scott R. , Paraoan Dianne , Perlmutter Jane , Raman Sudha R. , Sheehan John J. , Hallinan Zachary P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe growing availability of real-world data (RWD) creates opportunities for new evidence generation and improved efficiency across the research enterprise. To varying degrees, sponsors now regularly use RWD to make data-driven decisions about trial feasibility, based on assessment of eligibility criteria for planned clinical trials. Increasingly, RWD are being used to support targeted, timely, and personalized outreach to potential trial participants that may improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the recruitment process. This paper highlights recommendations and resources, including specific case studies, developed by the Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative (CTTI) for applying RWD to planning eligibility criteria and recruiting for clinical trials. Developed through a multi-stakeholder, consensus- and evidence-driven process, these actionable tools support researchers in (1) determining whether RWD are fit for purpose with respect to study planning and recruitment, (2) engaging cross-functional teams in the use of RWD for study planning and recruitment, and (3) understanding patient and site needs to develop successful and patient-centric approaches to RWD-supported recruitment. Future considerations for the use of RWD are explored, including ensuring full patient understanding of data use and developing global datasets.
Revisiting the Natural History of Chronic Scaphoid Nonunions: A Retrospective Study of 20 Cases
Authors: Jerome J. Terrence Jose 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background The natural history of scaphoid nonunion is the development of degenerative arthritis. A lot of information is still unclear about this progression. The purpose of this study is to analyze patients with scaphoid nonunions who had not received any kind of treatment and to assess the functional outcome.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study that analyzed the patients with chronic scaphoid nonunions between 2009 and 2019. None of the patients received any treatment. The age at the time of injury, examination, pattern of fracture, types of scaphoid nonunion, symptoms, and duration of nonunion were noted. Diagnosis was confirmed by radiographs, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Scapholunate and radiolunate angles were recorded. Pain score, modified mayo wrist score, grip strength, range of movement, and the functional outcome of these scaphoid nonunions were analyzed. A statistical correlation between the scaphoid nonunion presentations and the functional outcome was assessed.
Results The mean age of the patients was 62 years (range: 35–82 years.). There were 17 male and 3 female patients. There were 9 waist and 11 proximal pole scaphoid nonunions. The mean duration of scaphoid nonunion was 34 years (range: 10–62 years). None of the patients had avascular necrosis (AVN) of the proximal scaphoid. The age at examination, gender, side of injury, fracture pattern (waist/proximal pole), fracture displacement ≤ 1 mm or > 1 mm, nonunion duration, and radiographic arthritic parameters had no significant impact on the functional outcome.
Conclusions Untreated chronic scaphoid nonunion leads to the development of degenerative arthritis over a period of years, which is still unpredictable. Most of the patients become aware of the nonunion following a precedent injury or other reasons. Most of the patients have fair/good functional outcome despite reduced range of movements and grip strength. Many do not favor surgical intervention in the course of nonunion. Chronic nonunions open a lot of unanswered questions.
Clinical Relevance There have been numerous studies on the treatment aspects of scaphoid nonunion, with little knowledge about certain people with nonunion who did not have any kind of treatment. The demographics, clinical findings, and radiological parameters do confirm the progression of these nonunion to arthritis, but most of them had fair-to-good outcome throughout their life. It opens our thinking about the real need of treatment in such nonunions and raises numerous questions about the disease.
Level of Evidence This is a Level IV study.
Palmar Musculature: Does It Affect the Development of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? A Pilot Study
Authors: Simcox Trevor , Seo Lauren , Dunham Kevin , Huang Shengnan , Petchprapa Catherine , Wollstein Ronit 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background The etiology of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is multifactorial. Static mechanical characteristics of CTS have been described, but dynamic (muscular) parameters remain obscure. We believe that musculature overlying the transverse carpal ligament may have an effect on carpal tunnel pressure and may explain the prevalence of CTS in manual workers.
Questions/Purposes To utilize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging to estimate the amount of muscle crossing the area of the carpal tunnel and to compare these MRI measurements in patients with and without documented CTS.
Methods A case–control study of wrist MRI scans between January 1, 2018, and December 1, 2019, was performed. Patients with a diagnosis of CTS were matched by age and gender with controls without a diagnosis of CTS. Axial MRI cuts at the level of the hook of the hamate were used to measure the thenar and hypothenar muscle depth overlying the carpal tunnel. Muscle depth was quantified in millimeters at three points: midcapitate, capitate–hamate border, capitate–trapezoid border. Average depth was calculated by dividing the cross-sectional area (CSA) by the transverse carpal ligament width. Statistical analysis included Student's t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient calculation.
Results A total of 21 cases and 21 controls met the inclusion criteria for the study. There were no significant differences in demographics between case and control groups. The location and depth of the musculature crossing the carpal tunnel were highly variable in all areas evaluated. A significantly positive correlation was found between proximal median nerve CSA and muscle depth in the capitate–hamate area (correlation coefficient = 0.375; p = 0.014). CSA was not significantly associated with chart documented CTS.
Conclusions We found large variability in our measurements. This likely reflects true anatomical variation. The significance of our findings depends on the location of the muscles and the line of pull and their effect on the mechanics of the transverse carpal ligament. Future research will focus on refining measurement methodology and understanding the mechanical effect of the muscular structure and insertions on carpal tunnel pressure.
Level of Evidence This is a Level 3, case–control study.
Return-to-Sport Review for Current Cartilage Treatments
Authors: Skelley Nathan W. , Kurtenbach Chad , Kimber Kristofer , Piatt Bruce , Noonan Benjamin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe return to play outcome is an important measure for orthopaedic sports medicine treatments. This variable is especially important when discussing cartilage treatments because there are many different cartilage options available to athletes with articular injuries and this population is particularly interested in the ability to return to activities. Although many outcome variables are considered in any surgical procedure, the return-to-sport variable is focused on an active population and can be tailored to that patient's sport-specific goals. In this article, we will review some of the most recent and up-to-date articles describing return-to-sport outcomes for various knee cartilage treatments. This article will focus on the most common current knee cartilage treatments including microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation, osteochondral autograft transplant, and osteochondral allograft transplantation.
Systematic Review of Osteochondral Allograft Transplant Immunology: How We Can Further Optimize Outcomes
Authors: Luk Josephine , Stoker Aaron M. , Teixeiro Emma , Kuroki Keiichi , Schreiner Anna J. , Stannard James P. , Wissman Robert , Cook James L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite the growing success for osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation in treating large articular cartilage lesions in multiple joints, associated revision and failure rates are still higher than desired. While immunorejection responses have not been documented, the effects of the host's immune responses on OCA transplantation failures have not been thoroughly characterized. The objective of this study was to systematically review clinically relevant peer-reviewed evidence pertaining to the immunology of OCAs to elucidate theragnostic strategies for improving functional graft survival and outcomes for patients undergoing OCA transplantation. This systematic review of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE suggests that host immune responses play key roles in incorporation and functional survival of OCA transplants. OCA rejection has not been reported; however, graft integration through creeping substitution is reliant on host immune responses. Prolonged inflammation, diminished osteogenic potential for healing and incorporation, and relative bioburden are mechanisms that may be influenced by the immune system and contribute to undesirable outcomes after OCA transplantation. Based on the safety and efficacy of OCA transplantation and its associated benefits to a large and growing patient population, basic, preclinical, and clinical osteoimmunological studies on OCA transplantation that comprehensively assess and correlate cellular, molecular, histologic, biomechanical, biomarkers, diagnostic imaging, arthroscopic, functional, and patient-reported outcome measures are of high interest and importance.
Validity of In-Home Teleneuropsychological Testing in the Wake of COVID-19
Authors: Parks Adam C , Davis Jensen , Spresser Carrie D , Stroescu Ioan , Ecklund-Johnson Eric 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
Teleneuropsychology (TNP) has been shown to be a valid assessment method compared with in-person neuropsychological evaluations. Interest in delivering TNP directly to patients’ homes has arisen in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, prior research has typically involved patients tested in clinical settings, and the validity of in-home TNP testing has not yet been established. The present study aims to explore the validity and clinical utility of in-home TNP testing in a mixed clinical sample in the wake of COVID-19.

Methods
Test profiles for 111 in-home TNP patients were retrospectively compared with 120 patients who completed in-person evaluations. The TNP test battery consisted of tests measuring attention/processing speed, verbal memory, naming, verbal fluency, and visuoconstruction. TNP scores of cognitively normal (CN) patients were compared with patients with neurocognitive disorders (NCD), and score profiles were examined among suspected diagnostic groups of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and vascular disease (VaD).

Results
TNP test scores did not significantly differ from in-person testing across all tests except the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised Discrimination Index. Within the TNP group, significant differences between the CN and NCD groups were found for all tests, and the memory and semantic fluency tests yielded large effect sizes (d ≥ 0.8). Score profiles among the AD, PD, and VaD groups were explored.

Conclusions
These findings support the validity of in-home TNP testing compared with in-person neuropsychological testing. Practice considerations, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Risk of Venous Thromboembolism Following Rhinoplasty
Authors: Okland Tyler S , Wadhwa Harsh , Patel Priyesh N , Most Sam P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Although prior studies have identified a low risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in rhinoplasty, these studies are limited by small samples and associated risk factors remain unknown.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to discern the incidence of VTE following rhinoplasty in a large patient population through analysis of a nationwide insurance claims database.

Methods
This study involved a population-based retrospective analysis of insurance claims made by patients who underwent rhinoplasty between 2007 and 2016. Established risk factors for VTE, demographic data, procedural details, and absolute incidence of VTE were collected.

Results
We identified a total of 55,287 patients who underwent rhinoplasty from 2007 to 2016. Mean age [standard error of the mean] was 38.74 [0.06] years (range, 18-74 years), and 54% were female. The overall incidence of VTE was 111, of which 70 were DVT and 41 were PE. From multivariate regression analysis, previous VTE (odds ratio [OR], 52.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 35.2-78.6; P &lt; 0.0001), peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)/central line placement (OR, 19.6; 95% CI, 9.8-153; P &lt; 0.05), rib graft (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 2.3-8.5; P &lt; 0.0001), age 41 to 60 years (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.7-4.3; P &lt; 0.01), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.0-5.5; P &lt; 0.05), and age 61 to 74 years (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2-4.8; P &lt; 0.05) were associated with an increased risk of VTE.

Conclusions
We demonstrate a low overall incidence of VTE in rhinoplasty patients. Previous VTE, PICC/central line, advancing age, IBD, and intraoperative rib graft harvest were most strongly associated with VTE in this population cohort.

Level of Evidence: 4