bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Developing a Community-Based Cancer Registry in Kawa Township in Myanmar
Authors: Oo Yin Thet Nu , Linn Thanda , Nwe Khine Pwint , Naing Win Pa Pa , Mon Ssu Wynn , Theingi Hsu , Mon Nan Cho Nwe , Shwe Kaung Myat , Win Soe Myat , Aye Khin Saw , Thant Kyaw Zin 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE The objectives of this implementation research were to implement an innovative approach by basic health staff (BHS) using a cancer registry mobile application for continuous data reporting and to evaluate the process of establishing a community-based cancer registry. METHODS Eighty BHS in Kawa township, Bago region, were trained on the mobile application based on locally adapted CanReg5 software, common cancers and symptoms, and plans for implementation and monitoring. Required information of confirmed cancer cases was collected by the focal persons among local BHS using the application installed on their mobile devices and reported online to a database accessed by researchers. Two focus group discussions with BHS were conducted to identify challenges encountered during implementation and their suggested practical solutions. RESULTS A total of 74 confirmed cancer cases were registered during the 6-month implementation period. The most common cancers registered were breast cancer (20 cases), followed by GI cancers (18 cases) and lung cancers (9 cases). This finding was consistent with common cancers from regional hospital reports. Some data incompleteness was observed in topography, staging, and treatment information. In qualitative discussions, BHS reported technical difficulties in becoming familiar with morphologic codes, in saving registered cases in their phones, and in reading biopsy results and clinical notes. BHS approached family members mostly to obtain the hospital/laboratory records of patients with confirmed cases and some faced reluctance as family members did not want to inform the patients about their diagnosis. BHS could not register some cases when documents were not present, although they definitely knew the cases, including expired cases. The patient and/or caregiver expected financial or other support when they were registered. Once cancer is highly suspected or diagnosed, patients stop seeking proper care and turn to traditional healers. This is a result of the lack of knowledge about cancer. The cost of cancer health care is also a factor that influences whether treatment is sought. CONCLUSION A community-based cancer registry by BHS is feasible to a certain extent with some improvements. More community participation and proper referral to facilitate care are needed, as well as addressing technical difficulties.
Psychosocial Influences on Medical Help Seeking for Cancer Symptoms and Treatment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis and Mixed Methods Systematic Review
Authors: McCutchan Grace , Brain Kate , Quinn-Scoggins Harriet , Dao Anh , Downs Tom , Ho Ha , Lam Trung , Emery Jon , Weiss Bahr 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE Cancer disproportionately affects people living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), partly because of delayed medical help-seeking behavior (HSB). Our mixed-methods systematic review synthesized existing studies in LMICs to understand psychosocial influences on cancer-related medical HSB to inform the development of effective interventions to promote earlier HSB for cancer. METHODS We searched peer-reviewed literature databases for quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies exploring barriers/facilitators to medical HSB for cancer symptoms in adults living in LMICs. Study exclusion criteria were low methodologic quality, non-English language publication, non–peer-reviewed publication, and studies conducted in high-income countries. Study findings were synthesized using meta-analysis, meta-ethnography, and narrative synthesis methods, according to individual study design. RESULTS Fifty studies were included. Many studies used nonstandardized measures/designs, which increased the difficulty integrating findings. Preliminary findings indicate that the use of traditional healers is a key barrier to prompt medical HSB in LMICs. Use of traditional healers for cancer symptoms/treatment was influenced by causal beliefs about symptoms, familial pressure, ease of access, affordability, and a preference to avoid biomedical treatment, which was perceived as invasive, ineffective, and expensive. Additional psychosocial barriers included shame and stigma associated with cancer, such as fear of marital rejection/divorce; limited knowledge of cancer and associated symptoms; financial and access barriers associated with travel and appointments; and cultural barriers, such as women needing permission from the family network. CONCLUSION Such barriers as low symptom knowledge and negative beliefs about cancer are universal barriers to cancer HSB in high-income countries and LMICs, whereas the use of traditional healers and women needing permission to seek medical help seem to be unique to LMICs. Intervention developers should work with local communities to appropriately tailor cancer awareness interventions in LMICs, taking into account cultural influences on HSB. Future evaluations would benefit from using validated measures and robust study designs.
Multidisciplinary Subspecialty Capacity Building for Global Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Namazzi Ruth , Wasswa Peter , Mupere Ezekiel , Wilson-Lewis Kristina , Allen Carl , Kasirye Philip , Munube Deogratias , Nuchtern Jed , Airewele Gladstone , Chintagumpala Murali , Torrey Susan , Sekabira John , Poplack David , Lubega Joseph 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE Specialized multidisciplinary care is central to childhood cancer control. Expertise and infrastructure in the pediatric disciplines of hematology, surgery, critical care, nursing, and pathology are as critical as pediatric oncology. Survival of the majority of children with cancer globally remains dismal because of the scarcity of multidisciplinary pediatric subspecialty services. We present the innovative approach and impact of Texas Children’s Global HOPE initiatives to cost-effectively develop capacity for specialized multidisciplinary cancer care for children in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). METHODS Global HOPE designed and supports subspecialty training and contingent infrastructure building in SSA in the following disciplines that are critical to pediatric cancer care: pediatric hematology and oncology (PHO), pediatric surgery, pediatric critical care, anatomic and molecular pathology, and pediatric oncology nursing. Key principles underlying the design of each disciplinary program are that it enables the implementation of current best evidence-based practices, primarily uses a problem-based learning approach, and is integrated and accredited by the local health sciences university. Training primarily occurs at an African hub where Global HOPE also supports infrastructure for clinical care and research, in addition to onsite faculty and offsite telemedicine support from the headquarters in Houston, TX. RESULTS The PHO and pediatric surgery fellowship programs based at Makerere University, Kampala, are the most advanced thus far. Twenty pediatricians from 6 African countries have enrolled and 8 have graduated from the 2-year PHO program. One surgeon enrolled in the 3-year pediatric surgery fellowship annually and 6 have graduated since inception. The fellowship programs have directly affected patient outcomes because of evidence-based clinical rigor and enhanced clinical infrastructure. All graduates from the 2 fellowships are currently practicing in SSA. CONCLUSION Formal in situ pediatric subspecialty training is feasible in low- and middle-income countries and carries the critical advantages of infrastructure development, direct patient impact, and is less susceptible to brain drain.
African Consortium for Cancer Clinical Trials: Assessing, Profiling, and Building Cancer Clinical Trial Capacity in Africa
Authors: Seymour Daniel , Graef Katy , Dent Jennifer 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE Cancer now kills more Africans than malaria. Despite this statistic, Africans remain drastically underrepresented in cancer clinical trials. BIO Ventures for Global Health (BVGH) launched the African Consortium for Cancer Clinical Trials to foster cancer clinical trials involving African populations by assessing, profiling, and building clinical trial capacity in African hospitals. METHODS BVGH developed a checklist tool for hospitals to self-assess their current clinical trial capabilities and compare these capabilities with those that are essential for performing trials at international standards. The checklist evaluates a site’s metrics across 6 categories: clinical trial experience, regulatory processes, staffing, cancer diagnostic and treatment capabilities and equipment, pharmacy management, and research management systems. The checklist was distributed widely across Africa. Any interested site, regardless of its ability to treat patients with cancer, was invited to complete the self-assessment. RESULTS To date, BVGH has received checklists from 40 institutes, of which, 34 offer cancer treatment services. These institutes are distributed across 16 countries and are composed of public and private hospitals, universities, and nonprofit research institutes. Of the sites assessed, more than 85% had performed a clinical trial in the past, with drug studies being the most commonly performed trial. Sites frequently had research coordinators, nurses, and data managers on staff, whereas biostatisticians, database programmers, and epidemiologists were the most commonly unavailable personnel. Whereas the majority of the sites’ laboratories were accredited, fewer than half had the equipment needed for clinical research. More than 70% of the sites had the necessary pharmacy infrastructure, whereas 60% had the requisite research management systems. CONCLUSION With Africa’s cancer mortality rate predicted to double by 2040, more cancer clinical trials must be performed in Africa. Our assessments reveal African institutes’ common areas of strength, as well as opportunities for improvement. Of importance, our results demonstrate that Africa can perform cancer clinical trials.
Oral Bisphosphonate use Reduces Cardiovascular Events in a Cohort of Danish Patients Referred for Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Rodríguez Alexander J , Ernst Martin T , Nybo Mads , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Ebeling Peter R , Hermann Anne Pernille , Abrahamsen Bo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Context
The cardiovascular (CV) safety of oral bisphosphonates (oBPs) is uncertain.

Objective
Determine the risk of CV events in oBP users referred for bone mineral density (BMD) testing compared with matched controls.

Design
Cohort study.

Setting
Danish national prescription registry enriched with local hospital data from Odense.

Participants
Individuals aged ≥45 years referred for BMD testing.

Exposure
oBP.

Outcomes
Hospitalization for any CV event. Secondary study outcomes were specific CV events. Negative (inguinal hernia surgery and ingrown toenail) and positive (fragility fracture) control outcomes assessed systemic bias. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals.

Results
There were 2565 oBP users (82.6% women) and 4568 (82.3% women) propensity score–matched controls. Alendronate accounted for 96% of oBP prescription. A total of 406 (15.8%) CV events occurred in oBP users (rate = 73.48 [66.67-80.98]); rate = events divided by person-time; and 837 (18.3%) events in controls (rate = 104.73 [97.87-112.07]) with an adjusted HR of 0.68 (95% CI 0.60-0.77). Additional adjustment for BMD did not attenuate estimates (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.58-0.78]. Similar results were seen for secondary outcomes where risk reductions were seen regarding atrial fibrillation, stroke, heart failure, and aneurysms. Positive and negative control outcome analyses identified minimal residual confounding.

Conclusion
Oral BP users experienced a 33% reduced risk of CV events. This observational real-world study adds to a growing body of evidence for cardioprotection by oBP that warrants testing in a randomized setting.
International Histopathology Consensus for Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Williams Tracy Ann , Gomez-Sanchez Celso E , Rainey William E , Giordano Thomas J , Lam Alfred K , Marker Alison , Mete Ozgur , Yamazaki Yuto , Zerbini Maria Claudia Nogueira , Beuschlein Felix , Satoh Fumitoshi , Burrello Jacopo , Schneider Holger , Lenders Jacques W M , Mulatero Paolo , Castellano Isabella , Knösel Thomas , Papotti Mauro , Saeger Wolfgang , Sasano Hironobu , Reincke Martin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Develop a consensus for the nomenclature and definition of adrenal histopathologic features in unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA).

Context
Unilateral PA is the most common surgically treated form of hypertension. Morphologic examination combined with CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) immunostaining reveals diverse histopathologic features of lesions in the resected adrenals.

Patients and Methods
Surgically removed adrenals (n = 37) from 90 patients operated from 2015 to 2018 in Munich, Germany, were selected to represent the broad histologic spectrum of unilateral PA. Five pathologists (Group 1 from Germany, Italy, and Japan) evaluated the histopathology of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and CYP11B2 immunostained sections, and a consensus was established to define the identifiable features. The consensus was subsequently used by 6 additional pathologists (Group 2 from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Japan, United Kingdom, United States) for the assessment of all adrenals with disagreement for histopathologic diagnoses among group 1 pathologists.

Results
Consensus was achieved to define histopathologic features associated with PA. Use of CYP11B2 immunostaining resulted in a change of the original HE morphology-driven diagnosis in 5 (14%) of 37 cases. Using the consensus criteria, group 2 pathologists agreed for the evaluation of 11 of the 12 cases of disagreement among group 1 pathologists.

Conclusion
The HISTALDO (histopathology of primary aldosteronism) consensus is useful to standardize nomenclature and achieve consistency among pathologists for the histopathologic diagnosis of unilateral PA. CYP11B2 immunohistochemistry should be incorporated into the routine clinical diagnostic workup to localize the likely source of aldosterone production.
HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B coinfections in Mkushi, Zambia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Katamba Cibangu , Chungu Theresa , Lusale Chisali 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, syphilis and Hepatitis B Virus are major global public health problems, they are sexually transmitted infections with overlapping modes of transmission and affected populations. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the seroprevalence of HIV 1, hepatitis B virus and syphilis coinfections among newly diagnosed HIV individuals aged 16 to 65 years, initiating on antiretroviral therapy, in Mkushi, Zambia. Methods: A total number of 126 sera were collected from HIV 1 infected patients attending Mkushi district hospital/ART clinic for antiretroviral therapy initiation. Hepatitis B surface antigen test and serologic test for syphilis were conducted between March and May 2018. Results: Of the 126 participants (out of 131 enrollments), Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected with a prevalence of 9.5% among newly diagnosed HIV infected patients, while that of syphilis was as high as 40.5% in this same population group. Three patients recorded HIV coinfections with both syphilis and hepatitis B virus (2.4%) at the same time. After analysis, the results indicate that there was no significant association between gender for both dependent variables: HIV/syphilis or HIV/hepatitis B virus coinfections (alpha significance level > 0.05). Those who had a history of syphilis infection in the past were more likely than those who had none to be HIV-syphilis coinfected (53.6% vs 34%, respectively; odd ratio [OR] 2.236; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.045 – 4.782). Conclusion: The high prevalence rates for HIV, HBV, and syphilis coinfections strongly indicate the need for HBV and syphilis screening for HIV infected individuals. Furthermore, the high number of patients previously treated for syphilis who retest positive for syphilis in this study calls for use of the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test to identify true syphilis infection (titers ≥ 1:8 dilutions, strongly suggestive).
An assessment of the extent to which the contents of PROSPERO records meet the systematic review protocol reporting items in PRISMA-P
Authors: Booth Alison , Mitchell Alex S. , Mott Andrew , James Sophie , Cockayne Sarah , Gascoyne Samantha , McDaid Catriona 
Published: July 2020

Background: PROSPERO is an international prospective register for systematic review protocols. Many of the registrations are the only available source of information about planned methods. This study investigated the extent to which records in PROSPERO contained the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Methods: A random sample of 439 single entry PROSPERO records of reviews of health interventions registered in 2018 was identified. Using a piloted list of 19 PRISMA-P items, divided into 63 elements, two researchers independently assessed the registration records. Where the information was present or not applicable to the review, a score of 1 was assigned. Overall scores were calculated and comparisons made by stage of review at registration, whether or not a meta-analysis was planned and whether or not funding/sponsorship was reported. Results: Some key methodological details, such as eligibility criteria, were relatively frequently reported, but much of the information recommended in PRISMA-P was not stated in PROSPERO registrations. Considering the 19 items, the mean score was 4.8 (SD 1.8; median 4; range 2-11) and across all the assessed records only 25% (2081/8227) of the items were scored as reported. Considering the 63 elements, the mean score was 33.4 (SD 5.8; median 33; range 18-47) and overall, 53% (14,469/27,279) of the elements were assessed as reported. Reporting was more frequent for items required in PROSPERO than optional items. The planned comparisons showed no meaningful differences between groups. Conclusions: PROSPERO provides reviewers with the opportunity to be transparent in their planned methods and demonstrate efforts to reduce bias. However, where the PROSPERO record is the only available source of a priori reporting, there is a significant shortfall in the items reported, compared to those recommended. This presents challenges in interpretation for those wishing to assess the validity of the final review.
In-violencia de ley: Gefunden o elementos para un Urgrund del pre-juicio
Authors: Souyris Oportot Lorena 
Published: July 2020

Según Jacques Derrida, en el origen de la tradición filosófica se ha inscrito una violencia que ha dado testimonio a la forma en que se ha producido, comunicado e institucionalizado una ley de invención. Esto ha revelado una innegable valoración por un tipo de “invención” iterativa de lo mismo que nubla la posibilidad de considerar la “invención” bajo el vocablo alemán Gefunden, que se aleja de la “producción” de algo. Como lo indica Derrida, ya el acervo filosófico ha sometido, en su momento “fundador”, el preguntar –esto es, la “inquietud” (Uruhen) de “buscar” (Gefunden)– a una triple legislación: ontológica, política y lingüística. ¿Cómo hacer temblar esta legislación para re-pensar una in-violencia originaria (Urgrund) en la cual una fuerza (Kraft) moviliza la Gefunden inscrita como pre-juicio?
Energy-efficient thermo-optic silicon phase shifter with well-balanced overall performance
Authors: Qiu Huaqing , Liu Yong , Luan Chao , Kong Deming , Guan Xiaowei , Ding Yunhong , Hu Hao 
Published: July 2020

Silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs) show great potential for many applications. The phase tuning technique is indispensable and of great importance in silicon PICs. An optical phase shifter with balanced overall performance on power consumption, insertion loss, footprint, and modulation bandwidth is essential for harnessing large-scale integrated photonics. However, few proposed phase shifter schemes on various platforms have achieved a well-balanced performance. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate a thermo-optic phase shifter based on a densely distributed silicon spiral waveguide on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The phase shifter shows a well-balanced performance in all aspects. The electrical power consumption is as low as 3 mW to achieve a

π

phase shift, the optical insertion loss is 0.9 dB per phase shifter, the footprint is

67

×

28

µ

m

2

under a standard silicon photonics fabrication process without silicon air trench or undercut process, and the modulation bandwidth is measured to be 39 kHz.
Half-side gold-coated hetero-core fiber for highly sensitive measurement of a vector magnetic field
Authors: Lin Qianyu , Hu Yuchan , Yan Feng , Hu Shiqi , Chen Yu , Liu Guishi , Chen Lei , Xiao Yi , Chen Yaofei , Luo Yunhan , Chen Zhe 
Published: July 2020

A highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance fiber sensor for a vector magnetic field is proposed. The sensor is composed of a half-side gold-coated multimode-single-mode-multimode hetero-core fiber structure encapsulated with ferrofluids. The half-side gold film on the fiber not only produces the surface plasmon resonance, but also breaks the centrosymmetry of the light field in the fiber. Moreover, the magnetic-field-dependent anisotropy of the surrounding ferrofluids makes the sensor sensitive to both the intensity and direction of the magnetic field. Owing to the unique half-side coating configuration and the resulting enhancement of the evanescent field, the sensor can achieve a sensitivity as high as 1008 pm/Oe to the magnetic field intensity. The proposed sensor, possessing advantages such as high sensitivity, ease of fabrication, and low cost, has potential in the detection of a weak vector magnetic field.