bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing hand and reconstructive microsurgery service during COVID-19 pandemic: Singapore experience
Authors: Omar Usama Farghaly , Pei Yein Tong , Rajaratnam Vaikunthan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionManaging healthcare service during pandemics and outbreaks is a challenging process. The aim is to keep patient safety as the priority, besides, continuing to provide essential healthcare services.MethodsSituational audit was performed for the services rendered before and during COVID-19 pandemic and the elevation of the disease alert status, and a retrospective analysis of the attendance and procedures performed in the service.ResultsWe present a methodology for performing a situational audit and generating service modification for hand and reconstructive microsurgery unit in a pandemic. There was no significant difference between the number of patients seen at outpatient clinics. However, there was a reduction in the numbers of total surgeries performed, with a 40% drop in the number of elective surgeries performed. There was also a reduction of cases seen in the emergency department hand clinic.DiscussionCOVID-19 pandemic is currently affecting not only the health service but also, other vital services all over the world. The pandemic puts significant challenges to acute surgical services in a hospital system involved in the management of the pandemic. Surgeons need to take proactive and a systematic approach in managing the available resources while maintaining essential surgical services. This paper provides the tools and methodology for doctors to plan their services in a pandemic situation.ConclusionsIt is possible to maintain essential surgical services in a pandemic situation through rapid situational audits and generating localised strategies while considering the constraints imposed during the pandemics while maintaining patient and staff safety.
Dark matter induced Brownian motion
Authors: Cheng Ting , Primulando Reinard , Spinrath Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe discuss a novel approach for directional, light dark matter searches inspired by the high precision position measurements achieved in gravitational wave detectors. If dark matter interacts with ordinary matter, movable masses are subject to an effect similar to Brownian motion induced by the scattering with dark matter particles which exhibits certain characteristics and could be observed. We provide estimates for the sensitivity of a hypothetical experiment looking for that motion. Interestingly, if successful, our approach would allow to constrain the local distribution of dark matter momentum.
1/N expansion for Horava–Lifshitz like four-fermion models
Authors: Gomes M. , Mariz T. , Nascimento J. R. , Petrov A. Yu. , da Silva A. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study a class of four-fermion Gross–Neveu like models in four dimensions with critical exponents $$z=2$$

z
=
2

and $$z=3$$

z
=
3

. The models with $$z=2$$

z
=
2

are in general perturbatively nonrenormalizable but we show that there are in special cases renormalizable in the context of the 1/N expansion. We calculate explicitly the effective potential for these models.
Medical Care Costs Associated with Cancer Survivorship in the United States
Authors: Mariotto Angela B. , Enewold Lindsey , Zhao Jingxuan , Zeruto Christopher A. , Yabroff K. Robin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
The prevalence of cancer survivorship is increasing. In this study, we provide contemporary population–based estimates and projections of the overall and site-specific cancer-attributable medical care costs in the United States.

Methods:
We identified survivors aged ≥65 years diagnosed with cancer between 2000 and 2012 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database and used 2007 to 2013 claims to estimate costs by cancer site, phases of care, and stage at diagnosis. Annualized average cancer-attributable costs for medical care (Medicare Parts A and B) and oral prescription drugs (Medicare Part D) were estimated by subtracting costs between patients with cancer and matched controls. Costs are reported in 2019 U.S. dollars. We combined phase-specific attributable costs with prevalence projections to estimate national costs from 2015 through 2030.

Results:
Overall annualized average costs were highest in the end-of-life–cancer death phase, followed by the initial and continuing phases (medical care: $105,500, $41,800, and $5,300 and oral prescription drugs: $4,200, $1,800, $1,100, respectively). There was considerable variation in costs by cancer site and stage. Overall national costs in 2015 were $183 billion and projected to increase 34% to $246 billion by 2030, based only on population growth.

Conclusions:
Phase of care cancer-attributable cost estimates by cancer site and stage are key inputs for simulation models and cost-effectiveness analyses.

Impact:
The national cancer-attributed medical care costs in the United States are substantial and projected to increase dramatically by 2030, due to population changes alone, reflecting the rising burden of cancer care among cancer survivors.
See the interview with Angela B. Mariotto, PhD, recipient of the 2024 CEBP Frederick P. Li Impact Award: https://vimeo.com/992980417
Contralesional Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Functional Improvement in Ischemic Stroke Mice
Authors: Ahn Sung Min , Jung Da Hee , Lee Hong Ju , Pak Malk Eun , Jung Young Jin , Shin Yong-Il , Shin Hwa Kyoung , Choi Byung Tae 
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:
The therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), an adjuvant tool for stroke, induces long-term changes in cortical excitability, for example, the secretion of activity-dependent growth factors. We assessed the proper therapeutic configuration of high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) in the subacute stage of ischemic stroke and its underlying expression profiling of growth factors to propose a new method for ensuring better therapeutic effects.

Methods:

Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, after which repetitive HD-tDCS (20 minutes, 55 µA/mm
2
, charge density 66 000 C/m
2
) was applied from subacute phases of their ischemic insult. Behavioral tests assessing motor and cognitive functions were used to determine suitable conditions and HD-tDCS stimulation sites. Gene expression profiling of growth factors and their secretion and activation were analyzed to shed light on the underlying mechanisms.

Results:

Anodal HD-tDCS application over the contralesional cortex, especially the motor cortex, was more effective than ipsilesional stimulation in attenuating motor and cognitive deficits. In the HD-tDCS application over the contralesional motor cortex, positive changes in
Bmp8b
,
Gdf5
,
Il4
,
Pdgfa
,
Pgf
, and
Vegfb
were observed in the ipsilesional site. The expression of GDF5 (growth/differentiation factor 5) and PDGFA (platelet-derived growth factor subunit A) tended to similarly increase in both ipsi- and contralesional striata. However, higher expression levels of GDF5 and PDGFA and their receptors were observed in the peri-infarct regions of the striatum after HD-tDCS, especially in PDGFA expression. A higher number of proliferating or newly formed neuronal cells was detected in ipsilesional sites such as the subventricular zone.

Conclusions:
Application of anodal HD-tDCS over the contralesional cortex may enhance beneficial recovery through the expression of growth factors, such as GDF5 and PDGFA, in the ipsilesional site. Therefore, this therapeutic configuration may be applied in the subacute stage of ischemic stroke to ameliorate neurological impairments.
Comparative Effectiveness of Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, and Warfarin in Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Polypharmacy
Authors: Mentias Amgad , Heller Eric , Vaughan Sarrazin Mary 
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:
Comparative effectiveness and safety of oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and high polypharmacy are unknown.

Methods:
We used Medicare administrative data to evaluate patients with new atrial fibrillation diagnosis from 2015 to 2017, who initiated an oral anticoagulant within 90 days of diagnosis. Patients taking ≤3, 4 to 8, or ≥9 other prescription medications were categorized as having low, moderate, or high polypharmacy, respectively. Within polypharmacy categories, patients receiving apixaban 5 mg twice daily, rivaroxaban 20 mg once daily, or warfarin were matched using a 3-way propensity score matching. Study outcomes included ischemic stroke, bleeding, and all-cause mortality.

Results:

The study cohort included 6985 patients using apixaban, 3838 using rivaroxaban, and 6639 using warfarin. In the propensity-matched cohorts there was no difference in risk of ischemic stroke between the 3 drugs in patients with low and moderate polypharmacy. However, among patients with high polypharmacy, the risk of ischemic stroke was higher with apixaban compared with warfarin (adjusted hazard ratio 2.34 [95% CI, 1.01–5.42];
P
=0.05) and similar to rivaroxaban (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.38 [95% CI, 0.67–2.84];
P
=0.4). There was no difference in risk of death between the 3 drugs in patients with low and moderate polypharmacy, but apixaban was associated with a higher risk of death compared with rivaroxaban (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.03 [95% CI, 1.01–4.08];
P
=0.05) in the high polypharmacy group. Apixaban had lower bleeding risk compared with warfarin in the low polypharmacy group (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.32–0.90];
P
=0.02), but there was no difference in bleeding between the 3 drugs in the moderate and high polypharmacy groups.

Conclusions:
Our study suggests that among patients with significant polypharmacy (>8 drugs), there may be a higher stroke and mortality risk with apixaban compared with warfarin and rivaroxaban. However, differences were of borderline significance.
Spontaneous Entry into an “Offline” State during Wakefulness: A Mechanism of Memory Consolidation?
Authors: Wamsley Erin J. , Summer Theodore 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Moments of inattention to our surroundings may be essential to optimal cognitive functioning. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that humans spontaneously switch between two opposing attentional states during wakefulness—one in which we attend to the external environment (an “online” state) and one in which we disengage from the sensory environment to focus our attention internally (an “offline” state). We created a data-driven model of this proposed alternation between “online” and “offline” attentional states in humans, on a seconds-level timescale. Participants (n = 34) completed a sustained attention to response task while undergoing simultaneous high-density EEG and pupillometry recording and intermittently reporting on their subjective experience. “Online” and “offline” attentional states were initially defined using a cluster analysis applied to multimodal measures of (1) EEG spectral power, (2) pupil diameter, (3) RT, and (4) self-reported subjective experience. We then developed a classifier that labeled trials as belonging to the online or offline cluster with &gt;95% accuracy, without requiring subjective experience data. This allowed us to classify all 5-sec trials in this manner, despite the fact that subjective experience was probed on only a small minority of trials. We report evidence of statistically discriminable “online” and “offline” states matching the hypothesized characteristics. Furthermore, the offline state strongly predicted memory retention for one of two verbal learning tasks encoded immediately prior. Together, these observations suggest that seconds-timescale alternation between online and offline states is a fundamental feature of wakefulness and that this may serve a memory processing function.
Improving data handling and analysis in the study of rhyme patterns
Authors: LIST Johann-Mattis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
By reviewing a recent quantitative study of rhyme patterns in Mandarin Chinese, this study shows how data handling and data analysis in the study of rhyme patterns can be improved. Suggestions for improvement include (a) a consistent annotation of rhyme data, which is exhaustive and facilitates data reuse, and (b) emphasizes the importance of automated approaches for exploratory data analysis, which can help to analyze rhyme data in an improved way, prior to applying statistical frameworks for hypothesis testing.
Al-Maqrīzī’s Compilation Technique in a Segment of His Account of Jewish History
Authors: Mazuz Haggai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this article, I analyze a short segment of al-Maqrīzī’s account of Jews and Judaism in his al-Ḫiṭaṭ, focusing on the technique that al-Maqrīzī used in compiling it by comparing his account with sources on which he drew (sometimes verbatim). It is found that al-Maqrīzī copied from K. al-Taʾrīḫ, a seven-chapter chronicle in Judaeo-Arabic, and then inserted complementary material from Ibn Ḫaldūn’s K. al-ʿIbar and al-Ǧāḥiẓ’s K. al-Bayān wa-l-tabyīn, and may also have intertwined material from Biblical sources.
Ocean Governance in the Asia-Pacific and the Arctic
Authors: Hong Nong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article summarizes and analyzes the main issues addressed at the 7th Asia-Pacific/Arctic Maritime Security Forum held in Halifax, Canada in Fall 2019. Experts attending this forum discussed issues such as a regional maritime security overview of the South China Sea, East China Sea, Indian Ocean and the Arctic, best practices of regional ocean governance models, maritime dispute settlement practices, maritime law enforcement, and marine environmental issues. A proposal was put forward on international cooperation with regard to maritime security, ocean governance and ocean capacity building.
Overloaded and at Work: Investigating the Effect of Cognitive Workload on Assembly Task Performance
Authors: Biondi Francesco N. , Cacanindin Angela , Douglas Caitlyn , Cort Joel 
Published: June 2020

Objective This study investigates the effect of cognitive overload on assembly task performance and muscle activity. Background Understanding an operator’s cognitive workload is an important component in assessing human–machine interaction. However, little evidence is available on the effect that cognitive overload has on task performance and muscle activity when completing manufacturing tasks. Method Twenty-two volunteers completed an assembly task while performing a secondary cognitive task with increasing levels of demand ( n-back). Performance in the assembly task (completion times, accuracy), muscle activity recorded as integrated electromyography (EMG), and self-reported workload were measured. Results Results show that the increasing cognitive demand imposed by the n-back task resulted in impaired assembly task performance, overall greater muscle activity, and higher self-reported workload. Relative to the control condition, performing the 2-back task resulted in longer assembly task completion times (+10 s on average) and greater integrated EMG for flexor carpi ulnaris, triceps brachii, biceps brachii, anterior deltoid, and pectoralis major. Conclusion This study demonstrates that working under high cognitive load not only results in greater muscle activity, but also affects assembly task completion times, which may have a direct effect on manufacturing cycle times. Application Results are applicable to the assessment of the effects of high cognitive workload in manufacturing.
Association of high-resolution computed tomography score with ventilator weaning and 28-day mortality of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Zhao Kun , Bai Shu-juan , Wang Zhi-tao , Zhang Yu-he , Liu Chao , Song Hai-gang , Wang Hai-bo , Li Xin , You Wen-laing 
Published: June 2020

Objective This study was performed to explore the association of the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) score with ventilator weaning and 28-day mortality of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Method In total, 197 patients treated for ARDS from October 2004 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis and multifactor regression analysis were used to determine the relationship of the HRCT score with ventilator weaning and 28-day mortality. Curve-fitting analysis and threshold analysis were further used to explore the association of the HRCT score with ventilator weaning and 28-day mortality. Results The multifactor regression analysis showed that the HRCT score was significantly associated with a lower rate of ventilator weaning and a higher risk of 28-day mortality in patients with ARDS. HRCT scores of 257.0 and 243.2 were the thresholds for ventilator weaning and 28-day mortality, respectively. When the HRCT score was below the threshold, every 1-point increase in the HRCT score was associated with a 4.6% decrease in the ventilator weaning rate and a 4.6% increase in the 28-day mortality rate. Conclusion The HRCT score was associated with ventilator weaning and 28-day mortality with a threshold of 257.0 and 243.2 points, respectively.
Clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes of eight cases of umbilical cord vascular rupture
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Liu Zhaozhen , Chen Shouzhen , Wang Yu , Lin Sheng 
Published: June 2020

Objectives To analyze the clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes of umbilical cord vascular rupture, and to investigate the diagnosis and treatment strategies for reducing adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods Clinical data of patients with a singleton pregnancy with umbilical cord rupture who were admitted to Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital were collected. The incidence, related factors, clinical features and perinatal outcomes of umbilical cord rupture were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were eight cases of umbilical cord rupture (incidence rate: 1/8370). Among them, seven were secondary to umbilical cord insertion abnormality, and one may have been related to a relatively short umbilical cord and umbilical cord traction. There were eight cases of abnormal fetal heart rate, two of vaginal bleeding, five of bloody amniotic fluid, five of premature rupture of the membranes, and two of placental abruption. With regard to outcomes, 50% of patients had cesarean section, 12.5% had forceps delivery, and 50% had perinatal mortality. Conclusions Vaginal bleeding, amniotic fluid, fetal heart rate, and umbilical cord insertion should be closely monitored in pregnancy. When abnormal conditions occur, obstetricians should be aware of rupture of the umbilical vessels and terminate pregnancy as soon as possible, which could improve perinatal outcomes.
Perceptions, Experiences, and Outcomes of Lactation Support in the Workplace: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Taylor Yhenneko J. , Scott Victoria C. , Danielle Connor C. 
Published: June 2020

Background Despite legislation requiring break time and a private space to express milk, variations exist in accommodations for breastfeeding employees in the United States. Research Aims We aimed to describe employee and employer perceptions of and experiences with workplace lactation support in the United States and to identify research needed to inform workplace lactation support programs. Methods We searched Academic Search Complete, Business Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycInfo for peer-reviewed articles published from 2009 to 2019 ( n = 1638). We included 27 articles. Studies were categorized into four non-exclusive themes: (a) employee perceptions of and experiences with workplace lactation support; (b) employer reports of workplace lactation support; (c) association between workplace lactation support and business outcomes; and (d) association between workplace lactation support and breastfeeding outcomes. Results Analyses of associations between lactation support at work and employee breastfeeding outcomes ( n = 14, 52%), and employee perceptions of and experiences with lactation support at work ( n = 14, 52%) were most common, followed by employer reports of lactation support ( n = 3, 11%) and associations between lactation support at work and job satisfaction ( n = 3, 11%). Results indicated that workplace lactation support varied by employer, and that employee perceptions of and experiences with workplace lactation support varied by demographic and employment characteristics. The use of cross-sectional designs, unvalidated instruments, and limited representation from women with low incomes and minorities were common study limitations. Conclusions More research is needed to learn about experiences of employers and low-income and minority women with workplace lactation support and associations with business-relevant outcomes.
Acupuncture in the management of trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Edwards James W , Shaw Vivien 
Published: June 2020

Background We aimed to assess the standing of acupuncture as a clinical tool in the management of trigeminal neuralgia against the current first-line drug treatment (carbamazepine) and the most effective surgery (microvascular decompression (MVD)). Methods Data regarding efficacy, side effects and cost were compiled for each of these three modalities from the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. Patient stress was estimated according to Holmes and Rahe’s Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). Results Acupuncture was not significantly more effective than its corresponding control (p = 0.088), but had the greatest efficacy (mean ± 95% confidence interval) of the modalities considered (86.5% ± 5.6% compared to surgery (79.3% ± 7.7%) and pharmacotherapy (71.7% ± 2.5%), respectively). Acupuncture also had fewer mean reported side effects (22.7% ± 5.9%) compared with surgery (25.3% ± 12.6%) and pharmacotherapy (88.8% ± 25.0%), and the lowest cost; after 5 years, the cost of acupuncture was estimated to be £750, compared to £1507.73 for carbamazepine and £4878.42 for MVD. Acupuncture was the least stressful according to the SRRS (53 points), whereas surgery was second most stressful (153 points) and pharmacotherapy was the most stressful intervention to patients (217 points). Conclusion Acupuncture appears more effective than pharmacotherapy or surgery. Statistical analysis of side effects was not possible due to inconsistent reporting protocols, but the data suggest that acupuncture is considerably safer than pharmacotherapy or surgery. Acupuncture also appears to be the least expensive therapeutic modality to deliver long-term (65 weeks onwards), and our analysis indicated that it was less stressful to patients than pharmacotherapy or surgery. Further study into these areas and the practicality of its availability in the UK National Health Service (NHS) and other health systems is recommended.
How We SEE Is How We Learn: Reflection in the Workplace
Authors: Kowalski Rita , Russell Cynthia 
Published: June 2020

The Problem Today’s workers face constant economic, social, scientific, and technological change — a challenging climate for learning. Learners need to integrate and balance acting, reflecting, thinking, and feeling as they negotiate within this everchanging environment. The Solution This Special Issue explores workplace learning’s power through the understanding and application of reflective practices which are often informal and incidental and occur as individuals engage and learn from the experience of their daily activities. The Stakeholders HRD scholars and practitioners will benefit from an understanding of the tools and practices that facilitate workplace learning through reflection. This Special Issue provides a theoretical framing of workplace reflection, situates reflection in various contexts, offers examples of use in the workplace, addresses its risks, and raises questions for both research and practice.