bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of Tigecycline in Intensive Care Unit Patients Based on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Fan Guangjun , Jin Liu , Bai Hansheng , Jiang Kang , Xie Jiao , Dong Yalin 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Tigecycline exerts significant beneficial effects against drug-resistant bacterial infections. The largely empirical medications used in clinical practice are often associated with wide individual differences in efficacy and safety. We investigated the associations between the pharmacokinetics of tigecycline and its efficacy and safety in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, with the aim of facilitating clinical applications of tigecycline.

Methods:
ICU patients who were prescribed tigecycline in a hospital setting were prospectively included. Factors related to the clinical efficacy and safety of tigecycline were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:
This study included 45 patients, from whom a total of 63 blood samples were collected to determine steady-state trough plasma concentrations (Cmin) of tigecycline. The Cmin of tigecycline was 417.1 ± 263.8 ng/mL (mean ± SD). The multivariate analysis showed that the APACHE II scores [odds ratio (OR) = 0.874, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.733–0.901, P = 0.048] were significantly correlated with the efficacy of tigecycline, whereas there was no correlation between Cmin of tigecycline and efficacy. In safety, the risk factors significantly associated with hepatotoxicity were sex (OR = 0.562, 95% CI = 0.191–0.774, P = 0.023), APACHE II score (OR = 1.061, 95% CI = 1.039–1.392, P = 0.045), and Cmin (OR = 1.210, 95% CI = 1.014–1.336, P = 0.008). The optimal cut-off for hepatotoxicity in ICU patients treated with tigecycline was 474.8 ng/mL.

Conclusions:
There was considerable variability in the Cmin of tigecycline among the ICU patients in this study and it is at risk of high exposure in women. Cmin can be a useful predictor of hepatotoxicity with a cut-off of 474.8 ng/mL.
Automated Keratopigmentation in Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis: An Aesthetic Alternative
Authors: Camerati Matias , Jaque Neal , Lievano Jose , Henriquez Maria A. , Izquierdo Luis 
Published: August 2020

Abstract:
Two male patients, aged 64 and 55 years old, presented at the cornea department for a Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (Kpro I) implantation after multiple corneal graft failures. After surgery, they achieved a best corrected visual acuity of 20/200 and 20/150, respectively. However, they manifested photophobia and aesthetic complaints. Both patients underwent keratopigmentation to improve the aesthetic outcome using vegetable pigments, after mechanical corneal deepithelization, with no intraoperative or postoperative incidents or adverse events. After 1-year follow-up, the patients presented the same best corrected visual acuity with improvement of the aesthetic outcome.
Accuracy of the 4-Stage Balance Test and Sensor-Based Trunk Sway as Fall Risk Assessment Tools in the Emergency Department
Authors: Southerland L. T. , Kloos A. D. , Slattery L. , Tan Y. , Young G. , Rosenthal J. , Kegelmeyer D. A. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
Falls are the leading cause of injury-related emergency department (ED) visits in older adults, but we lack a sensitive screening tool for fall risk. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the 4-Stage Balance Test (4SBT) to identify older adults at risk of falling in an ED setting and whether accelerometry-based trunk sway measures could improve identification.

Methods:
Participants were 63 ambulatory adults 65 years and older in the ED, of which 47% reported a fall in the past year. Outcome measures were the 4SBT and trunk sway. Participants identified as being at risk of falling received recommendations for follow-up care. Participants were contacted 8 ± 2 weeks after their ED visits to assess compliance with ED recommendations.

Results:
No strong association was found between reported falls and completion of the first 3 positions of the 4SBT (P = .063). The best model was staggered stance plus average anterior-posterior sway and posterior sway of the thorax (P = .004, area under receiver operating curve = 0.8). On follow-up, 21% of those identified as being at risk, and available for follow-up, had fallen; 2 reported multiple falls.

Conclusions:
Administration of the first 2 positions of the 4SBT combined with measurement of posterior sway is a quick method for fall risk assessment in the ED.
Preventing epilepsy after traumatic brain injury: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Liou Jaw-Horng , Chang Yen-Lin , Lee Hsu-Tung , Wu Ming-Fen , Hou Yu-Chi , Liou Wen-Shyong 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Due to the potential consequences of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) exacerbating secondary injury following traumatic brain injury (TBI), the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is an accepted option for seizure prophylaxis. However, there is only a paucity of data that can be found regarding outcomes surrounding the use of AEDs. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate whether the prophylactic administration of AEDs significantly decreased the incidence of PTE, when considering the severity of TBI.

Methods:
All trauma patients who had been newly diagnosed with TBI from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Statistical comparisons were made using the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Cox regression modeling. After excluding any exposed subjects with no appropriate match, patients who had received AED prophylaxis were matched by propensity score with those who did not receive AEDs. All of the TBI populations were followed up until June 30, 2018.

Results:
We identified 1316 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in our matched cohort through their propensity scores, where 138 patients had been receiving prophylactic AEDs and 138 patients had not. Baseline characteristics were similar in gender, age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, and risk factors of PTE including skull fracture, chronic alcoholism, subdural hematoma, epidural hematoma, and intracerebral hematoma. After adjusting for those risk factors, the relative incidence of seizure was not statistically significant in either of the groups (p = 0.566).

Conclusion:
In our cohort analysis, AED prophylaxis was ineffective in preventing seizures, as the rate of seizures was similar whether patients had been receiving the drugs or not. We therefore concluded that the benefits of routine prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy in patients with TBI need to be re-evaluated.
Certified Nursing Assistants’ Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing and Using Worksite Health Promotion Programs
Authors: Kim Mhinjine , Lin Yu Chen , Luna Geraldine , Ma Jun , Stiehl Emily 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Certified nursing assistants (CNAs) are low-wage healthcare workers who provide direct care to nursing home residents, yet also experience significant health disparities. However, limited research has been conducted on CNAs’ perceived barriers and facilitators to workplace health promotion (WHP) participation.

Method:
Informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), 24 CNA semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted in two Chicagoland nursing homes.

Results:
Key barriers were time-constraints and lack of staffing, lack of access to WHP programs, and limited organizational and employer support. Facilitators included the availability of WHP programs, breaks, and other workplace benefits, and enhanced leadership and familial support.

Conclusion:
An effective WHP program must attempt to minimize the work-related, organizational, and environmental barriers while supporting high motivation of CNAs in health promotion. We offer some suggestions for enhancing CNAs’ WHP access and utilization.
I Don’t Want to Go Back
Authors: Liu Zihan , Van Egdom Drake , Flin Rhona , Spitzmueller Christiane , Adepoju Omolola , Krishnamoorti Ramanan 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
We study employee perspectives on return to physical workspaces to ultimately inform employers’ and policy makers’ decision making around the return to work during COVID-19.

Methods:
We tested the three-component conceptual model using survey data collected in the United States in May 2020 from samples of energy workers (N = 333).

Results:
Women, non-Caucasians, and employees living in multi-generational households were less willing to return. Concerns about childcare were negatively related to willingness to return, whereas organizational strategies for mitigating COVID-19 transmission at work were positively related to willingness to return. COVID-19 infections in an employees’ network were also negatively related to employees’ willingness to return.

Conclusions:
Blanket policies may miss the nuanced needs of different employee groups. Employers and policy makers should adopt flexible approaches to ensure a return to workspaces that addresses employee concerns and needs.
Virtual Rehabilitation in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Toldo Juliana M. P. , Arjona Michelly , Campos Neto Guilherme C. , Vitor Taise , Nogueira Solange Amorim , Amaro Edson , Saba Roberta A. , Silva Sonia M. C. A. , Ferraz Henrique B. , Felício André C. 
Published: August 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to verify the effect of a virtual rehabilitation protocol for patients with Parkinson disease, primarily assessing striatal dopamine transporters and secondarily motor symptoms and quality of life.

Design
Nineteen patients with Parkinson disease underwent an 8-wk virtual rehabilitation protocol using XBOX 360S. Evaluation of dopamine transporters was performed by single-photon emission computed tomography using TRODAT-1 as the radioligand. Participants were clinically assessed using the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale to quantify motor symptoms. Moreover, the Parkinson Disease Questionnaire and Short-Form Health Status Survey were used to assess quality of life and the Berg Balance Scale to assess balance.

Results
Regarding our primary outcome, dopamine transporter was significantly increased in the putamen contralateral to the clinically most affected body side (P = 0.034) considering preintervention and postintervention measurements. Furthermore, we observed significant improvement in Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (10-point reduction, P = 0.001), Parkinson Disease Questionnaire (11.3-point reduction, P = 0.001), Short-Form Health Status Survey (“Functional capacity,” P = 0.001; “Pain,” P = 0.006; and “Mental Health” domains, P < 0.001), and Berg Balance Scale (5-point increase, P = 0.015).

Conclusions
In our group of Parkinson disease patients, this virtual rehabilitation protocol enabled a dopamine transporter increase in the region of the putamen contralateral to the clinically most affected body side. Moreover, motor signs and quality of life were significantly improved.
Updates in technology-based interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Guan Lim Choon , Lim-Ashworth Nikki S.J. , Fung Daniel S.S. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Technological advancement has led to the development of novel treatment approaches for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review aims to review recent studies which employ the use of technology to treat ADHD, with particular focus on studies published during a 1-year period from February 2019 to February 2020.

Recent findings
Most recent studies involved children aged 12 years and below. Interventions included cognitive training through games, neurofeedback and a combination of several approaches. More novel approaches included trigeminal nerve stimulation and brain–computer interface, and studies had utilized technology such as X-box Kinect and eye tracker. There was a shift towards delivering intervention at home and in school, enabled by technology. The study outcomes were variable and mainly included executive functioning measures and clinical ratings. These interventions were generally safe with few reported adverse events.

Summary
Technology has enabled interventions to be delivered outside of the clinic setting and presented an opportunity for increased access to care and early intervention. Better quality studies are needed to inform on the efficacy of these interventions.
Emotion-focused parenting interventions for prevention and treatment of child and adolescent mental health problems: a review of recent literature
Authors: Havighurst Sophie S. , Radovini Alessandra , Hao Brandon , Kehoe Christiane E. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
To review recent studies on emotion-focused parenting interventions to provide clinicians with knowledge about how these approaches might be used in prevention and treatment of mental health difficulties for children, adolescents and their families.

Recent findings
A number of emotion-focused parent interventions are reported in the literature, including emotion coaching/communication parenting programs, emotion-focused family therapy, attachment-focused parenting interventions (including those that address parental reflective functioning/mentalization), mindfulness parenting programs and behavioral programs with added emotion components. All target emotions or emotional communication to assist parents and children understand and work through emotional experiences so they are less likely to impede healthy functioning. These interventions target four main domains: exploring family of origin or early attachment/relational experiences with emotion, targeting parents’ own emotion awareness and regulation, shifting parents responses to or communication with their children when emotions occur, and promoting parents’ skills for assisting children to regulate emotions and behavior. This review from the last 18 months found 50 studies that evaluated programs addressing these domains.

Summary
Whilst the dominant approach in evidence-based parenting programs has been teaching behavioral strategies, it has been recognized that a focus on emotion-related processes is important. This is especially when working to improve the attachment relationship or when parents and children experience emotion dysregulation. This review demonstrates extensive evidence to support emotion-focused parenting interventions.
Eating disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wagner Gudrun , Karwautz Andreas 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Eating disorders represent one of the most common psychiatric disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with a prevalence twice as high as in individuals without diabetes. The increased risk for acute and long-term medical complications and a three-fold mortality rate with this dual condition makes it extremely important to screen adolescents for eating disorders as soon as possible.

Recent findings
A number of 13 surveys in the last two years focussed on prevalence rates of disordered eating and associations with sociodemographic, eating disorder-specific and diabetes-related factors in this population. Variations in study design, sample size, age range, sex, instruments to assess eating disorders and outcome make comparisons difficult. Healthcare professionals report challenges in detecting and treating adolescents with this dual condition because of a lack of validated screening tools, guidelines, and integration across specialist care. Studies on psychological treatments for the comorbidity of eating disorders and T1DM are scarce, especially for adolescents.

Summary
The development and evaluation of psychological treatments for adolescents with eating disorders and T1DM are urgently needed.
The Coronavirus Health and Impact Survey (CRISIS) reveals reproducible correlates of pandemic-related mood states across the Atlantic
Authors: Nikolaidis Aki , Paksarian Diana , Alexander Lindsay , Derosa Jacob , Dunn Julia , Nielson Dylan M. , Droney Irene , Kang Minji , Douka Ioanna , Bromet Evelyn , Milham Michael , Stringaris Argyris , Merikangas Kathleen R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and its social and economic consequences have had adverse impacts on physical and mental health worldwide and exposed all segments of the population to protracted uncertainty and daily disruptions. The CoRonavIruS health and Impact Survey (CRISIS) was developed for use as an easy to implement and robust questionnaire covering key domains relevant to mental distress and resilience during the pandemic. In the current work, we demonstrate the feasibility, psychometric structure and construct validity of this survey. We then show that pre-existing mood states, perceived COVID risk, and lifestyle changes are strongly associated with negative mood states during the pandemic in population samples of adults and in parents reporting on their children in the US and UK. Ongoing studies using CRISIS include international studies of COVID-related ill health conducted during different phases of the pandemic and follow-up studies of cohorts characterized before the COVID pandemic.
On stability of Canonical Correlation Analysis and Partial Least Squares with application to brain-behavior associations
Authors: Helmer Markus , Warrington Shaun , Mohammadi-Nejad Ali-Reza , Ji Jie Lisa , Howell Amber , Rosand Benjamin , Anticevic Alan , Sotiropoulos Stamatios N. , Murray John D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAssociations between datasets can be discovered through multivariate methods like Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) or Partial Least Squares (PLS). A requisite property for interpretability and generalizability of CCA/PLS solutions is stability of feature patterns driving an association. However, stability of CCA/PLS in high-dimensional datasets is questionable, as found in empirical characterizations. To study these issues in a systematic manner, we developed a generative modeling framework to simulate synthetic datasets, parameterized by dimensionality, variance structure, and association strength. We found that when sample size is relatively small, but comparable to typical studies, CCA/PLS associations are highly unstable and inaccurate; both in their magnitude and importantly in the latent pattern underlying the discovered association. We confirmed these trends across two neuroimaging modalities, functional and diffusion MRI, and in independent datasets, Human Connectome Project (n≈1000) and UK Biobank (n≈20000) and found that only the latter comprised sufficient samples for stable mappings between imaging-derived and behavioral features. We further developed a power calculator to provide sample sizes required for stability and reliability of multivariate analyses for future studies.
The sources of sex differences in aging in annual fishes
Authors: Reichard Martin , Blažek Radim , Žák Jakub , Kačer Petr , Tomášek Oldřich , Albrecht Tomáš , Cellerino Alessandro , Polačik Matej 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSex differences in lifespan and aging are widespread among animals, with males usually the shorter-lived sex. Despite extensive research interest, it is unclear how lifespan differences between the sexes are modulated by genetic, environmental and social factors. We combined comparative data from natural populations of annual killifishes with experimental results on replicated captive populations, showing that females consistently outlived males in the wild. This sex-specific survival difference persisted in social environment only in two most aggressive species, and ceased completely when social and physical contacts were prevented. Demographically, neither an earlier start nor faster rate of aging accounted for shorter male lifespans, but increased baseline mortality and the lack of mortality deceleration in the oldest age shortened male lifespan. The sexes did not differ in any measure of functional aging we recorded. Overall, we demonstrate that sex differences in lifespan and aging may be ameliorated by modulating social and environmental conditions.
Integrating barcoded neuroanatomy with spatial transcriptional profiling reveals cadherin correlates of projections shared across the cortex
Authors: Sun Yu-Chi , Chen Xiaoyin , Fischer Stephan , Lu Shaina , Gillis Jesse , Zador Anthony M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFunctional circuits consist of neurons with diverse axonal projections and gene expression. Understanding the molecular signature of projections requires high-throughput interrogation of both gene expression and projections to multiple targets in the same cells at cellular resolution, which is difficult to achieve using current technology. Here, we introduce BARseq2, a technique that simultaneously maps projections and detects multiplexed gene expression byin situsequencing. We determined the expression of cadherins and cell-type markers in 29,933 cells, and the projections of 3,164 cells in both the mouse motor cortex and auditory cortex. Associating gene expression and projections in 1,349 neurons revealed shared cadherin signatures of homologous projections across the two cortical areas. These cadherins were enriched across multiple branches of the transcriptomic taxonomy. By correlating multi-gene expression and projections to many targets in single neurons with high throughput, BARseq2 provides a path to uncovering the molecular logic underlying neuronal circuits.
Local and substrate-specific S-palmitoylation determines subcellular localization of Gαo
Authors: Solis Gonzalo P. , Kazemzadeh Arghavan , Abrami Laurence , Valnohova Jana , Alvarez Cecilia , van der Goot F. Gisou , Katanaev Vladimir L. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTPeripheral membrane proteins (PMPs) associate with cellular membranes through post-translational modifications like S-palmitoylation. The Golgi apparatus is generally viewed as the transitory station where palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs) modify PMPs, which are then transported to their ultimate destinations such as the plasma membrane (PM). However, little substrate specificity among the many PATs has been determined. Here we describe the inherent partitioning of Gαo – α-subunit of heterotrimeric Go proteins – to PM and Golgi, independent from Golgi-to-PM transport. A minimal code within Gαo N-terminus governs its compartmentalization and re-coding produces G protein versions with shifted localization. We establish the S-palmitoylation at the outer nuclear membrane assay (“SwissKASH”) to probe substrate specificity of PATs in intact cells. With this assay, we show that PATs localizing to different membrane compartments display remarkable substrate selectivity, which is the basis for PMP compartmentalization. Our findings uncover a mechanism governing protein localization and establish the basis for innovative drug discovery.
Which actin genes are necessary for zebrafish heart development and function?
Authors: Prill Kendal , Ojehomon Matiyo , Sandhu Love , Dutta Suchandrima , Dawson John F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHeart failure is the number one cause of mortality in the world, contributed to by cardiovascular disease. Many diseases of the heart muscle are caused by mutations in genes encoding contractile proteins, including cardiac actin mutations. Zebrafish are an advantageous system for modeling cardiac disease since embryos can develop without a functional heart. However, genome duplication in the teleost lineage creates a unique obstacle by increasing the number of genes involved in heart development. Four actin genes are expressed in the zebrafish heart:acta1b; actc1c;and duplicates ofactc1aon chromosome 19 and 20. Here, we characterize the actin genes involved in early zebrafish heart development usingin situhybridization and CRISPR targeting to determine which gene is best to model changes seen in human patients with heart disease. Theactc1aandacta1bgenes are predominant during embryonic heart development, resulting in severe cardiac phenotypes when targeted with CRISPRs. Targeting these two cardiac genes with CRISPRs simultaneously results in a more severe phenotype than their individual counterparts, with the results suggesting compensation for lost actin genes by other actin paralogues. Given the duplication of theactc1agene, we recommendacta1bas the best gene for targeted cardiac actin research.