bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetization and thickness dependent microwave attenuation behaviour of Ferrite-PANI composites and embedded composite-fabrics prepared by in situ polymerization
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Verma Vivek , Walia Rajan 
Published: January 2021

Ultrahigh efficient and effective electromagnetic-interference (EMI) shielding composites have been fabricated with the combination of Polyaniline and zinc-cobalt ferrites (Co1-xZnxFe2O4, 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.4). Ferrite nanoparticles synthesized via the sol-gel method were functionalized to polyaniline via in situ polymerization. Average crystallite sizes of the nanoparticles were estimated using Debye–Scherrer and Rietveld method and found to be in between 20-30 nm. FTIR spectra revealed the formation of interactions between the PANI molecules and the ferrite nanoparticles. Substitution of the nonmagnetic Zn ions considerably changes the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrites as observed from the M-H loops recorded by VSM at room temperature. The EMI-shielding performance of the fabricated composites was examined at various thicknesses with the polymer filler ratio of 1:1 in X-band frequency region using a vector network analyser. The EMI shielding performance of composites was found to be increasing with the thickness of composites where a thickness of 3.0 mm achieved an SE of ∼ 100 dB for the Co0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4-PANI composite. Composite absorbers were deposited on cotton fabrics for protective clothing by in situ incorporation during the synthesis of composites which displayed relatively high EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) (40-45 dB) at a thickness of only 0.30 mm for the fabrics. The PANI-Ferrite nanocomposites can be established as promising high capacity electromagnetic shielding materials because of the dipole polarization and the magnetic losses with low cost, lightweight, high durability and good flexibility.
Influence of varying particle sizes on microwave absorbing properties of U-type hexaferrites and development of broadband microwave absorber
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Ghosh Narendra Nath , Chatterjee Ratnamala 
Published: January 2021

The present study investigates the influence of particle size variation on the microwave (MW) absorbing properties of (Ba0.7Bi0.3)4Co2Fe34.8Zn1.2O60 U-type hexaferrites. The hexaferrite powders of varying particle sizes were prepared through heating at a constant optimized temperature for different holding time (4, 6, 8 and 10 h) using a novel “one-pot” chemical route. With an increase of the holding time (4 to 10 h), the average particle size is found to increase monotonically (∼65 to ∼170 nm). The hexaferrite sample prepared at a holding time of 8 h exhibits an excellent reflection loss (RL) of ‒44.2 dB (99.99% MW absorption) at 11.6 GHz frequency. In addition, a broadband MW absorber has been developed through an ingenious blending of equal amounts of all four hexaferrite powders. The mixed U-type hexaferrite displays an excellent bandwidth of ∼8.4 GHz for 90% or more MW absorption. The reflection losses (S11) are also measured experimentally through one port short-circuited transmission line method using vector network analyzer (VNA). The strong and broadband absorption results suggest that the prepared U-type samples can be utilized in the high-performance MW absorbing applications.
Negative selection on human genes underlying inborn errors depends on disease outcome and both the mode and mechanism of inheritance
Authors: Rapaport Franck , Boisson Bertrand , Gregor Anne , Béziat Vivien , Boisson-Dupuis Stéphanie , Bustamante Jacinta , Jouanguy Emmanuelle , Puel Anne , Rosain Jérémie , Zhang Qian , Zhang Shen-Ying , Gleeson Joseph G. , Quintana-Murci Lluis , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Abel Laurent , Patin Etienne 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceWhile human genes underlying monogenic disorders are expected to undergo negative selection, the factors that impact the intensity of negative selection remain unknown. We find pervasive negative selection at genes underlying both autosomal dominant and the most severe autosomal recessive inborn errors. Among genes underlying dominant disorders, we show that loss of function entails stronger selection than gain of function, and haploinsufficiency than negative dominance. We develop a method that predicts whether an autosomal gene is more likely to underlie a recessive or a dominant disease. These results have evolutionary implications for studies of the drivers of negative selection, and practical implications in the search for genes underlying life-threatening, heritable conditions.
A dual-driven biomimetic microrobot based on optical and magnetic propulsion
Authors: Jiang Wei , Ye Guoyong , Chen Bangdao , Liu Hongzhong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The microrobot, which can address the fuel depletion and wire limitation, has exhibited great potential in the fields of lab-on-chip devices, sensing and monitoring devices, and some biomedical applications. In this paper, a dual-driven wireless microrobot, which can harvest and convert external optical and magnetic energy into the kinetic energy, is described. The dual-driven microrobot is fabricated by using a rapid 3D printing technology. Au and Ni nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of the microrobot, responsible for the optical and magnetic propulsion modes, respectively. The strong infrared light absorption of Au can induce a thermal convection and thus propel the movement of the microrobot. Similarly, the magnetic gradient ﬁeld exerted on the Ni nanoparticles is applied to enable the magnetic manipulation of the microrobot. The experimental results demonstrate that the applied magnetic field and laser beam can provide efﬁcient interventions on the ‘start/stop’ states, the speed and direction of the movement as well as the position of the microrobot in a remotely controlled manner. We can manipulate the microrobot with both fine microrange motion adjustment and wide range movement control that cannot be achieved by using a single propulsion mode. Dynamic switching of the light driven mode and the magnetic propulsion mode are also presented, which indicates that the microrobot can overcome the strong viscous force and display efﬁcient motions in fluids under each propulsion mode. Such dual-driven propulsion method offers a broad scope for designing smart micro-vehicles that can reconﬁgure their operation mode according to their mission and surrounding environments.
RF power transfer efficiency and plasma parameters of low pressure high power ICPs
Authors: Zielke D , Briefi S , Fantz U 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Inductively coupled radio frequency (RF) ion sources operating at 1 MHz under the condition of a low gas pressure of 0.3 Pa are the basis of negative hydrogen/deuterium ionbased neutral beam injection systems of future fusion devices. The applied high RF powers of up to 75 kW impose considerable strain on the RF system and so the RF power transfer efficiency η becomes a crucial measure of the ion source’s reliability. η depends on external parameters such as geometry, RF frequency, power, gas pressure and hydrogen isotope. Hence, η along with the plasma parameters are investigated experimentally at the ITER prototype RF ion source. At only 45%–65% in hydrogen and an increase of around 5% in deuterium, η is found to be surprisingly low in this ion source. The power that is not coupled to the plasma is lost by Joule heating of the RF coil (∼26%) and due to eddy currents in the internal Faraday screen (∼74%). The matching transformer adds up to 8 kW of losses to the system. The low values of η and the high share of the losses in the Faraday screen and the transformer strongly suggest optimization opportunities. At high power densities well above 5 W cm−3, indications for neutral depletion as well as for the ponderomotive effect are found in the pressure and power trends of η and the plasma parameters. The comprehensive data set may serve for comparison with other RF ion sources and more standard inductively coupled plasma setups as well as for validating models to optimize RF coupling.
Effect of reduced graphene oxide on the sunlight-driven photocatalytic activity of rGO/h-MoO3 nanocomposites
Authors: Ramar Venkadeshkumar , Karthikeyan Balasubramanian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this present work, we explore the preparation of h-molybdenum oxide/reduced graphene oxide (h-MoO3/rGO) nanocomposites via a simple precipitation technique to enhance the photocatalytic activity of h-MoO3 under direct sunlight illumination. The phase formation h-MoO3 was confirmed by x-ray diffraction studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopic studies revealed the formation of rGO/h-MoO3 nanocomposites. The surface morphologies of the synthesized samples were analyzed through field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the hazardous methylene blue dye degradation was studied to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the prepared materials under direct sunlight illumination. The comparative results show that the rGO/h-MoO3 composites exhibited higher catalytic activity than the bare h-MoO3. The reason behind the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity was discussed in great detail. Moreover, in situ scavenger studies were carried out to probe the mechanism of photocatalysis.
Development of a model for registration and notification of accidents and incidents in nuclear medicine
Authors: Rodrigues Marlon Da Silva Brandão , Oliveira Susie Medeiros , de Sá Lidia Vasconcellos 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nuclear medicine (NM) is a medical speciality that uses unsealed radioactive sources involving several handling procedures with some critical points before, during, and after the examination and therapies performed, requiring special attention to the occurrence of a possible accident or incident over the course of the clinical routine. The accidents and incidents in NM can involve actors such as workers, patients, the public or caregivers, and even the environment. Although expected, the number of occurrences and their nature are not well understood due to the absence of a Brazilian reporting tool for incidents or accidents. This paper aims to develop a web-based NM incident and accident notification system named SINMED (NM Notification System). Specific forms were developed in an offline system in html5 language with an online system interface according to the Google Forms platform. The developed forms were based on existing international notification templates from the the perspective of NM services in operation applying Brazilian regulations.
Limiting regimes for electron-beam induced deposition of copper from aqueous solutions containing surfactants
Authors: Esfandiarpour Samaneh , Hastings J Todd 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Focused electron beam induced deposition of pure materials from aqueous solutions has been of interest in recent years. However, controlling the liquid film in partial vacuum is challenging. Here we modify the substrate to increase control over the liquid layer in order to conduct a parametric study of copper deposition in an environmental scanning electron microscope. We identified the transition from electron to mass-transport limited deposition as well as two additional regimes characterized by aggregated and high-aspect ratio deposits. We observe a high deposition efficiency of 1–10 copper atoms per primary electron that is consistent with a radiation chemical model of the deposition process.
Fusion performance of spherical and conventional tokamaks: implications for compact pilot plants and reactors
Authors: Costley A E , McNamara S A M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Spherical tokamaks (STs) have features that make them a potentially attractive option for fusion power production compared to conventional tokamaks (CTs) including operation at high beta and high self-driven ‘bootstrap’ current. The thermal energy confinement time (τ
Ε) also typically has a stronger dependence on toroidal magnetic field and a weaker dependence on plasma current, but so far it has not been established how this difference impacts performance under reactor conditions. This aspect is explored in this paper. Using empirical data from NSTX and MAST, and from multiple CTs, we investigate analytically and by using established fusion codes the potential fusion performance, characterised by the fusion triple product, nTτ
Ε, and fusion power gain, Q
fus, where n and T are the density and temperature respectively. We find that for similar values of field and fusion power, but smaller volume, STs can have nTτ
Ε up to a factor of three higher and Q
fus an order of magnitude higher than CTs. We identify the origin of this enhanced performance and outline a measurement to advance this finding. Potentially our results open an alternative and faster route to fusion power based on relatively small, low power STs.
Time-dependent shape of bistable unsymmetric carbon fibers-epoxy thin laminates
Authors: Nicassio Francesco , Lionetto Francesca , Scarselli Gennaro , Maffezzoli Alfonso 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Carbon fiber-epoxy thin laminates, manufactured adopting a [0/90] non-symmetric lay-up, are characterized by two stable curved shapes, so being bistable. These composite thin laminates are attracting great interest for their potential application as novel morphing structures and power harvesting devices in many engineering fields. The curvature changes of rectangular bistable plates were monitored at room temperature by a laser scanner system over a time span of 10 d. These changes were ascribed to the relaxation of thermal stresses over time. Anisotropic stress relaxation behavior was then studied looking at the matrix dominated properties, such as the transverse modulus in accelerated high temperature experiments and the moisture absorption. Then, a simple viscoelastic model was proposed together with a finite element analysis of the distortion arising from laminate cooling at the end of high temperature cure process. The experimental and numerical results showed that the transverse elastic modulus and the hygroscopic effect are the main factors affecting the shape relaxation of bistable laminates.
Effect on microstructure and corrosion resistance of semi-solid slurry of 7A04 aluminum alloy by electromagnetic stirring
Authors: Zhu Yanli , Xu Xiaolong , Zhao Junwen , Hu Guangzhong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The microstructures and corrosion resistance of electromagnetic stirring (EMS) semi-solid slurry and as-cast 7A04 aluminum alloy were compared in this work. The results show that the primary microstructure of the as-cast 7A04 aluminum alloy is mainly dendritic and columnar dendrite with obvious elements segregation. In contrast, semi-solid processing can effectively form homogeneous and round primary α-Al grains, and significantly reducing element segregation. In addition, the main phases of the two forming methods (as-cast and semi-solid) both involved α-Al, η-MgZn2, θ-Al2Cu. With the decrease of solidification temperature, the semi-solid alloy formed by electromagnetic stirring increases the precipitation of brittle phase S-Al2CuMg. The self-corrosion potential of the semi-solid alloy is greater than that of the as-cast alloy, and the polarization curve has obvious passivation characteristics. Semi-solid processing could improve corrosion resistance of 7A04 aluminum alloy obviously.
Recrystallization and diffusion mechanisms of segregation improvement in cast billets by high temperature reduction pretreatment
Authors: Liu Hongqiang , Cheng Zhicheng , Yu Wei , Cai Qingwu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Controlling the segregation of alloying elements in steel can improve the uniformity of the structure and properties of the material. High Temperature Reduction Pretreatment (HTRP) is an effective technique to improve the internal quality of steel by generating plastic deformation in the core and providing the recrystallization energy. Comparative analysis was conducted to illustrate the effect of the HTRP on the internal quality of 42CrMo cast billets. To quantitatively analyze the recrystallization and diffusion mechanisms, the tested samples were measured using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Original Position Statistic Distribution Analysis (OPA) and Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA). The results show that the plastic deformation prompts the austenite to recrystallize. As the deformation of the HTRP sample increases, the recrystallized austenite grain size decreases significantly. It is also found that the statistical macro-segregation and micro-segregation ratios of substitutional elements Si, Mn, Cr and Mo decrease. The increase in austenite grain boundaries enables the increase in diffusion coefficient of the solid solution elements, which is the main reason for improving the segregation of the cast billet.
Reaction mechanism of metakaolin materials prepared by calcining coal gangue
Authors: Jiu Shaowu , Cheng Simeng , Li Hui , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Metakaolin-based auxiliary cementitious materials fabricated by coal gangue were achieved. The temperature and time required for the preparation of metakaolin materials from the calcination of coal gangue were optimized based on the analysis of the reaction characteristics and kinetics during the calcination of coal gangue. The phase, microstructures, and activity analysis of the products were performed, and the effect of calcination conditions on the activity of the product was ascertained. The results of thermal analysis-infrared spectra combined experiments indicated that the dehydroxylation of kaolinite was a one-step reaction during the calcination of coal gangue within a temperature range of 379.8 °C–737.3 °C. According to the General Integration, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger methods, the activation energy E of dehydroxylation of kaolinite is 181.62 kJ·mol−1 and pre-index factor A is 109.27 s−1 for calculating the calcination time of metakaolin. The experimental results show that high-activity metakaolin products, that with a dissolution rate of 64.79–71.57 wt% of activated alumina and with an effective dissolution rate of 68.82–94.35 wt% of activated silica, are prepared under the condition of calcination for 15 min and the temperature of 700 °C–825 °C. The kinetic model simulation results for the calcination time at different temperatures correspond to the experimental results.
Sm3+ driven enhancement in photocatalytic degradation of hazardous dyes and photoluminescence properties of hexagonal-ZnO nanocolumns
Authors: Dash Debasrita , Panda N R , Sahu Dojalisa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Samarium doped ZnO (Sm-ZnO) nanocolumns were grown by wet chemical method and the doping effect of Sm3+ on visible light photocatalytic (PC) and photoluminescence (PL) properties of ZnO was investigated. Methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) were considered for the degradation study as a step initiated towards the remediation of industrial wastewater. Subsequent characterization studies by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) enumerate that the hexagonal-wurtzite structured Sm-ZnO is highly crystalline in nature and possesses hexagonal column like nano-architectures. Although, a charge imbalance exists between the ions, the substitutional effects of Sm3+ at Zn2+ sites have been observed from the XRD spectra and discussed by suitable mechanisms. FTIR measurement gives the information on the evolution of peaks related to metal-oxygen bond in Sm-ZnO which may be linked with Sm ions. PC measurement shows that the degradation efficiency of 95% can be achieved by Sm-ZnO photocatalysts in degrading MB and 91% for MO. Sm doping induces high charge separation efficiency and generation of OH ions in ZnO leading to such improvisation in degradation efficiency. The prepared Sm-ZnO nanocatalysts possess high degree of photostability and reusability even after fourth cycle of photodegradation. PL spectra show the suppression of the sharp and intense excitonic emission band of ZnO in Sm-ZnO due to low rated direct recombination of carriers. Incorporation of Sm3+ ends up with intrinsic defect mediated enhancement in the visible emissions especially in the blue, yellow and red region of light spectrum.
Blood Pressure in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Hardy Shakia T , Urbina Elaine M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension commonly occur in children and adolescents and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent research in pediatric hypertension including changes in defining hypertension, BP measurement techniques, hypertension epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and BP-related target organ damage. Defining pediatric hypertension using the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics’ updated Clinical Practice Guideline resulted in a larger proportion of children being classified as having elevated BP or hypertension compared with prior guidelines. Trends in the distribution of BP among US children and adolescents suggest that BP levels and the prevalence of hypertension may have increased from 2011–2014 to 2015–2018. Factors including a family history of hypertension, obesity, minority race/ethnicity, physical inactivity, high dietary intake of sodium, and poor sleep quality are associated with an increased prevalence of elevated BP and hypertension. Evidence of a linear relationship between systolic BP and target organ damage indicates that BP levels currently considered normal could increase the risk of target organ damage in childhood. Lifestyle changes, such as adhering to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, are a central component of effectively reducing BP and have been shown to reduce target organ damage. Pharmacologic treatment using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers is an effective and safe method for reducing BP among children with uncontrolled BP after implementing lifestyle changes. Research gaps in the prevention, detection, classification, and treatment of hypertension in children demonstrate opportunities for future study.
Alignment-free Genomic Analysis via a Big Data Spark Platform
Authors: Ferraro Petrillo Umberto , Palini Francesco , Cattaneo Giuseppe , Giancarlo Raffaele 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Alignment-free distance and similarity functions (AF functions, for short) are a well-established alternative to pairwise and multiple sequence alignments for many genomic, metagenomic and epigenomic tasks. Due to data-intensive applications, the computation of AF functions is a Big Data problem, with the recent literature indicating that the development of fast and scalable algorithms computing AF functions is a high-priority task. Somewhat surprisingly, despite the increasing popularity of Big Data technologies in computational biology, the development of a Big Data platform for those tasks has not been pursued, possibly due to its complexity.

Results
We fill this important gap by introducing FADE, the first extensible, efficient and scalable Spark platform for alignment-free genomic analysis. It supports natively eighteen of the best performing AF functions coming out of a recent hallmark benchmarking study. FADE development and potential impact comprises novel aspects of interest. Namely, (i) a considerable effort of distributed algorithms, the most tangible result being a much faster execution time of reference methods like MASH and FSWM; (ii) a software design that makes FADE user-friendly and easily extendable by Spark non-specialists; (iii) its ability to support data- and compute-intensive tasks. About this, we provide a novel and much needed analysis of how informative and robust AF functions are, in terms of the statistical significance of their output. Our findings naturally extend the ones of the highly regarded benchmarking study, since the functions that can really be used are reduced to a handful of the eighteen included in FADE.

Availabilityand implementation
The software and the datasets are available at https://github.com/fpalini/fade.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.