bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction of Roselle using response surface methodology
Authors: Lee Peng Wong , Mohd Setapar Siti Hamidah , Mohd Nasir Hasmida 
Published: July 2020

Hibiscus sabdariffa, commonly known as Roselle, is a native plant in Malaysia that is rich with bioactive compounds. In the present study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction of Roselle was investigated. The optimum particle size (212µm, 300µm, 425µm, 600µm, and 710µm) to obtain highest yield was pre-determined. The effects of two operating parameters, pressure (20MPa, 25MPa, and 30MPa) and temperature (40 ºC, 60 ºC, and 80 ºC) on extraction yield were studied using response surface methodology (RSM). From the experimental data, the optimum conditions were achieved using particle size 300µm, pressure 27.5MPa, and temperature 50.8 ºC. Using the optimized parameters, the highest extraction yield was predicted to be 163.26 mg-extract/g-dried sample. The validation experimental results were consistent with the predicted values.
Contrasting effects of heat stress on neuromuscular performance
Authors: Ball Derek 
Published: July 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this review?Is exposure to a hot environment detrimental to neuromuscular performance?
What is the main finding and what is its importance?Elevating body temperature improves peak power during short‐duration, high‐intensity exercise but trades off with an accelerated rate of decay. Higher muscle temperatures and cross‐bridge cycling rate resemble a shift in contractile characteristic to a faster phenotype. Prolonged moderate‐intensity exercise capacity is impaired in a hot environment. Fatigue appears to combine a reduced drive from the CNS and increased cardiovascular strain to maintain skeletal muscle perfusion and thermoregulation.
AbstractThe effect of thermal stress on human work capacity and neuromuscular function has been of interest to physiologists since the 19th century. The aim of the present review is to examine the impact of exposure to heat stress on neuromuscular performance. Exposure to heat stress during exercise is known to increase strain on the cardiovascular system owing to the competing demands of skeletal muscle perfusion and homeostatic thermoregulation. The effects of exposure to heat stress on the neuromuscular system are more complex, because in some circumstances an elevation in muscle temperature leads to an improvement in function, whereas in other circumstances an increase in temperature leads to a decrement in function that is a consequence of the mode, metabolic demand and duration of the exercise. The ability to sustain isometric tension is impaired with an elevated muscle temperature and so too is locomotor capacity over prolonged periods of time. In contrast, peak power production is enhanced by increasing muscle temperature but is achieved at the expense of maintaining power output, owing to a higher rate of decay in power production. The different effects on neuromuscular function at an elevated muscle temperature are explained, in part, by a higher rate of energy turnover. In addition, the effect of an elevated core temperature also appears to impair neuromuscular performance either owing to a reduced voluntary drive in motor unit recruitment or to a failure in muscle afferent feedback, or a combination of the two.
Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis of Pumped Storage Hydroelectricity in Abandoned Underground Coal Mines
Authors: Shang Dacheng , Pei Peng , Zuo Yujun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
It is anticipated that utilizing the underground space in abandoned mines to build and operate pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH) plants can reduce capital investment and geological constraints. However, there are currently few detailed investigations into techno-economic feasibility except for conceptual studies. In this paper, an underground coal mine in Guizhou, China was used as a reference, and the PSH layout was designed; in addition, the head loss, plant efficiency, and major cost components were investigated. The calculation results show that the capital investment of mine-based PSH was 33–50% less than that of conventional PSH. Sensitivity analysis found a clear influence of coal seam inclination on the performance of the mine-based PSH. Under the assumed conditions, the plant cycle efficiency increased from 62.7% to 71.5% when the coal seam dip varied from 5 deg to 25 deg. Depending on different price scenarios, when the coal seam inclination was steep enough, the cost of energy storage of a mine-based PSH plant was competitive compared with conventional PSH, and the plant could even become profitable. The influence of the dip of coal seam was more pronounced when in the lower range (5–15 deg) than the higher range (15–25 deg).
Evaluation of Technological Options for Carbon Dioxide Utilization
Authors: Kalina Jacek , Skorek-Osikowska Anna , Bartela Łukasz , Gładysz Paweł , Lampert Krzysztof 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, various technologies for the utilization of captured carbon dioxide (CO2) are evaluated using parametric and expert evaluation methods. About 25 technologies at different technology readiness level (TRL) have been identified and classified as either major or minor candidates for implementation under conditions of the Polish national economy. In relation to 14 technologies, extensive literature studies have been conducted. Several assessment criteria have been defined, and the ranking list of technologies has been created. At the final stage, a feasibility assessment has been made for the top two technologies of CO2 utilization in the context of cooperation with the 910 MW block in Jaworzno (Poland) coal-fired power plant.
Novel Performance-Oriented Tolerance Design Method Based on Locally Inferred Sensitivity Analysis and Improved Polynomial Chaos Expansion
Authors: Sa Guodong , Liu Zhenyu , Qiu Chan , Peng Xiang , Tan Jianrong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Tolerance design is becoming increasingly important for electromechanical products. Reasonable tolerance design can reduce production costs and improve product performance. However, as the complexity of the coupling of tolerances and performance increases, it becomes difficult for designers to establish accurate tolerance design models, leading to experience-based design. This study proposes a novel performance-oriented tolerance design method. First, the main tolerance variables affecting the product performance are rapidly determined based on the proposed locally inferred sensitivity analysis method. Then, based on the improved approximate polynomial chaos expansion, a surrogate model of the product performance and main tolerance variables is established. Finally, the geometric tolerances of the electromechanical products are optimized based on the surrogate model with performance requirements. The proposed tolerance design method is computationally efficient and accurate, and it can be implemented with a small number of samples. To demonstrate its performance, the proposed method is validated with a spaceborne active-phased array antenna. The optimal tolerance design of the antenna for the electrical performance requirements is performed successfully.
A Framework for Designing the Customer-Order Decoupling Point to Facilitate Mass Customization
Authors: Guo Lin , Chen Suhao , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the age of Industry 4.0, manufacturing enterprises are under pressure to improve mass customization to satisfy evolving demands in different markets. One challenge is to fulfill orders swiftly at an acceptable cost, while maintaining service quality. To do this, the customer-order decoupling point (CODP), where value-adding activities take place, should be designed and adapted to changing market demands. We propose a formulation-exploration framework to make decisions on customer-order decoupling point positioning and improve the supply chain to support mass customization. A test problem of auto parts manufacturing is used to illustrate the efficacy of our framework. The formulation-exploration framework can be used to design a supply chain to facilitate the mass customization of products, especially when information is incomplete and inaccurate (including uncertainties), and goals conflict with each other. In this paper, we focus on the method embodied in the framework rather than the results per se.
Mapping-Based Hierarchical Sensitivity Analysis for Multilevel Systems With Multidimensional Correlations
Authors: Xu Can , Zhu Ping , Liu Zhao , Tao Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hierarchical sensitivity analysis (HSA) of multilevel systems is to assess the effect of system’s input uncertainties on the variations of system’s performance through integrating the sensitivity indices of subsystems. However, it is difficult to deal with the engineering systems with complicated correlations among various variables across levels by using the existing hierarchical sensitivity analysis method based on variance decomposition. To overcome this limitation, a mapping-based hierarchical sensitivity analysis method is proposed to obtain sensitivity indices of multilevel systems with multidimensional correlations. For subsystems with dependent variables, a mapping-based sensitivity analysis, consisting of vine copula theory, Rosenblatt transformation, and polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) technique, is provided for obtaining the marginal sensitivity indices. The marginal sensitivity indices can allow us to distinguish between the mutual depend contribution and the independent contribution of an input to the response variance. Then, extended aggregation formulations for local variables and shared variables are developed to integrate the sensitivity indices of subsystems at each level so as to estimate the global effect of inputs on the response. Finally, this paper presents a computational framework that combines related techniques step by step. The effectiveness of the proposed mapping-based hierarchical sensitivity analysis (MHSA) method is verified by a mathematical example and a multiscale composite material.
Vibrations of Air-Coupled Web Systems
Authors: Feng Dan , Wang Jie , Chiu George T.-C. , Raman Arvind 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The prediction and measurement of vibrations of the low-frequency transverse modes of tensioned webs are of increasing interest for process monitoring, quality control, and process stability in roll-to-roll flexible hybrid and stretchable electronics manufacturing, nanomanufacturing, coated layer patterning, and other continuous manufacturing technologies. Acting as distributed added mass, the surrounding air significantly affects the frequency responses of taut thin webs in ambient roll-to-roll processes in comparison with those in vacuo. In this paper, we present closed-form, semi-analytical, universal hydrodynamic functions used to accurately predict the lowest symmetric and anti-symmetric transverse frequency response for any uniaxially tensioned web of arbitrary material and aspect ratio used in roll-to-roll processes. Experimental validation is carried out by using pointwise laser measurements of acoustically excited webs with different pre-tensions, web materials, and aspect ratios. These closed-form hydrodynamic functions provide roll-to-roll process designers a convenient way to predict the lowest frequencies of such web systems without the need to resort to computationally intensive methods; alternately, these functions allow for the quick identification of conditions when air-coupling is important to determine the web’s vibration response. The results presented herein are expected to help ongoing efforts to improve process monitoring and control in a variety of roll-to-roll continuous manufacturing technologies.
Fractional Calculus-Based Energy Efficient Active Chatter Control of Milling Process Using Small Size Electromagnetic Actuators
Authors: Vashisht Rajiv Kumar , Peng Qingjin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
For a larger depth of cutting above a certain critical value, self-excited vibrations occur in case of milling operations. This phenomenon of unstable milling tool vibrations is called chatter and is the main cause of the workpiece surface finish deterioration. The working life of the milling tool decreases substantially if the chatter is ignored. Active chatter control technique using the fractional order control methodology is investigated in the present work. Controller parameters are optimized by using the pattern search optimization technique. Electromagnetic actuators are used to generate the required control forces. The proposed technique is compared with the optimal loop shaping (LS) robust controller and optimal traditional proportional-derivative controller. It has been observed that the chatter can be avoided with relatively much less amplitude of control forces using the proposed controller. This aspect not only reduces the size of the required actuators but substantially reduces the control energy required to maintain stability. With the proposed controller, there is 168% saving in the control energy compared with the widely used robust control strategy. The robustness properties of the proposed controller are comparable with the loop shaping robust controller. Experimental results verify the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method.
Vibration Analysis of a Tire Under Static Loading Using Flexible Ring-Based Model
Authors: Swami Aakash , Pandey Ashok Kumar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To address various tire vibration characteristics such as noise, vibration, and harshness, it is necessary to study the tire dynamic performance. In this paper, we focus on investigating the influence of static loading on radial (in-plane) and bending modes and their frequencies of a tire. To model the effect, we first identify important tire parameters, termed as modal parameters, based on three-dimensional ring model and three-dimensional finite element results under free-free conditions without and with temperature variations. After finding the parameters, we have used three-dimensional flexible ring model in which both in-plane and bending modes are considered under static loading. When load is applied, tire behavior changes and it becomes more stiffer. Thus, it fixes the tire to the road and increases the contact region. In this paper, we define this contact region over θf &lt; θ &lt; 2π and the region 0 &lt; θ &lt; θf can be considered free-free. Subsequently, we assume the expression of radial and bending modes in terms of generalized coordinates satisfying the above boundary conditions and obtain kinetic and potential energy by integrating it over 0 &lt; θ &lt; θf. The unknown coordinate is obtained by satisfying the governing conditions. Finally, corresponding mode shapes and frequencies are obtained. The assumed modes and frequencies are validated with three-dimensional finite element model using abaqus. The same procedure can be extended to compute modes and frequencies as a function of temperature under static loading for a constant tire pressure.
#NCAAInclusion: Using Social Media to Engage NCAA Student-Athletes in Strategic Efforts to Promote Diversity and Inclusion
Authors: Kluch Yannick , Wilson Amy S. 
Published: July 2020

In an increasingly diverse sports industry, inclusive excellence becomes an important axiom to engage a variety of stakeholders. This case study outlines the development of the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (NCAA) inaugural Diversity and Inclusion Social Media Campaign launched by the NCAA’s Minority Opportunities and Interest Committee in partnership with the national Student-Athlete Advisory Committees. The goals of this campaign were to provide the more than 500,000 student-athletes in the NCAA with a platform to create a dialogue on diversity and inclusion on their campuses as well as to communicate the benefit of inclusive environments to the student-athlete experience. By outlining the steps from the campaign idea to its implementation, this case study provides students with the ability to (a) understand a major sport organization’s planning process for a national social media campaign focused on diversity and inclusion, (b) analyze current diversity trends in the sports industry using the NCAA as an example, (c) trace the NCAA membership’s engagement with the campaign, and (d) determine to which extent a campaign such as this one can serve as a starting point for anchoring inclusive excellence in the fabric of intercollegiate athletics departments.
Progressive retinal nerve fibre layer thinning and choroidal microvasculature
dropout at the location of disc haemorrhage in glaucoma
Authors: Kim Chung Young , Lee Eun Ji , Kim Ji-Ah , Kim Hyunjoong , Kim Tae-Woo 
Published: July 2020

Background/Aims
To investigate whether parapapillary choroidal microvasculature dropout
(MvD) is associated with progressive retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thinning
in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and disc haemorrhage
(DH).

Methods
Parapapillary microvasculature was evaluated by swept-source optical
coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) in 50 eyes with POAG and DH, 1
year before, at the time of and 1 year after the detection of DH. MvD was
defined as an area in the parapapillary deep layer of focal sectoral dropout
with no visible microvascular network. Progressive changes in OCT RNFL
thickness were compared in groups of eyes with and without MvD.

Results
Cumulative prevalence of MvD was 76.0% (38 eyes) at 1 year after detection
of DH. All MvDs were detected in the same sectoral locations as DH. In eyes
with MvD, global RNFL thickness and sectoral RNFL thickness at the location of
DH were significantly reduced, both from 1 year before to the time of DH
detection (both p<0.001) and from DH detection to 1 year later (both
p<0.001). In eyes without MvD, however, the reductions in global (p=0.011)
and sectoral (p=0.007) RNFL thickness were significant only from DH detection
to 1 year later.

Conclusion
In eyes with POAG, RNFL thinning was spatially consistent and progressive
at the location of MvD accompanied by subsequent DH and continued to progress
after the occurrence of DH. When DH was not accompanied by MvD, progressive
RNFL thinning was more likely to occur after the detection of DH.
Eleven-year multimorbidity burden among 637 255 people with and without type 2 diabetes: a population-based study using primary care and linked hospitalisation data
Authors: Zghebi Salwa S , Steinke Douglas T , Rutter Martin K , Ashcroft Darren M 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo compare the patterns of 18 physical and mental health comorbidities between people with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and people without diabetes and how these change by age, gender and deprivation over time between 2004 and 2014. Also, to develop a metric to identify most prevalent comorbidities in people with T2D.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingPrimary and secondary care, England, UK.Participants108 588 people with T2D and 528 667 comparators registered in 391 English general practices. Each patient with T2D aged ≥16 years between January 2004 and December 2014 registered in Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD practices was matched to up to five comparators without diabetes on age, gender and general practice.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence of 18 physical and mental health comorbidities in people with T2D and comparators categorised by age, gender and deprivation. Odds for association between T2D diagnosis and comorbidities versus comparators. A metric for comorbidities with prevalence of ≥5% and/or odds ≥2 in patients with T2D.ResultsOverall, 77% of patients with T2D had ≥1 comorbidity and all comorbidities were more prevalent in patients with T2D than in comparators. Across both groups, prevalence rates were higher in older people, women and those most socially deprived. Conditional logistic regression models fitted to estimate (OR, 95% CI) for association between T2D diagnosis and comorbidities showed that T2D diagnosis was significantly associated with higher odds for all conditions including myocardial infarction (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.85 to 2.46); heart failure (OR 2.12, 1.84 to 2.43); depression (OR 1.75, 1.62 to 1.89), but non-significant for cancer (OR 1.12, 0.98 to 1.28). In addition to cardiovascular disease, the metric identified osteoarthritis, hypothyroidism, anxiety, schizophrenia and respiratory conditions as highly prevalent comorbidities in people with T2D.ConclusionsT2D diagnosis is associated with higher likelihood of experiencing other physical and mental illnesses. People with T2D are twice as likely to have cardiovascular disease as the general population. The findings highlight highly prevalent and under-reported comorbidities in people with T2D. These findings can inform future research and clinical guidelines and can have important implications on healthcare resource allocation and highlight the need for more holistic clinical care for people with recently diagnosed T2D.
Flare-IBD: development and validation of a questionnaire based on patients’ messages on an internet forum for early detection of flare in inflammatory bowel disease: study protocol
Authors: Ricci Laetitia , Epstein Jonathan , Buisson Anne , Devos Corinne , Toussaint Yannick , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Guillemin Francis 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionCrohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are chronic disabling conditions characterised by flares followed by periods of remission. However, patients with IBD are seen every 3–6 months in the outpatient clinic, and the occurrence of a flare between two outpatient visits is not captured. To our knowledge, there is no validated patient-reported outcome (PRO) tool to measure the phenomenon of flare in IBD. This study aimed to use an innovative methodology to collect messages posted by patients in an internet forum for developing and validating a PRO measuring flare in IBD.Methods and analysisThe design involves (1) computer engineering sciences for scraping extraction of messages posted in an internet forum and for identification of messages related to flare; (2) qualitative methods for thematic content analyse of the messages posted, for candidate items generation, for items selection (Delphi process) and for items adjustment (‘think-aloud’ interviews) and (3) quantitative methods for psychometric validation of the PRO.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Comité de Protection des Personnes (CPP) CPP Nord-Ouest I (19.07.15.44139) in November 2019. The project aims to provide a tool to evaluate IBD flare in current medical practice that is constructed with patients’ perspectives. Items generation from a source corresponding to exchanges in an internet forum is an innovative method in this field and provides a wider coverage of qualitative data. If such a forum can result in interesting material, then this could be a new methodological perspective for generating items for questionnaires. Findings will be reported and disseminated widely through international peer-reviewed journal publications, oral and poster presentations at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04180345.