bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Study of the Variation in Patient Turnover and Patient-to-Nurse Ratio: Descriptive Analysis of a Swiss University Hospital
Authors: Musy Sarah N , Endrich Olga , Leichtle Alexander B , Griffiths Peter , Nakas Christos T , Simon Michael 
Published: February 2020

Background
Variations in patient demand increase the challenge of balancing high-quality nursing skill mixes against budgetary constraints. Developing staffing guidelines that allow high-quality care at minimal cost requires first exploring the dynamic changes in nursing workload over the course of a day.

Objective
Accordingly, this longitudinal study analyzed nursing care supply and demand in 30-minute increments over a period of 3 years. We assessed 5 care factors: patient count (care demand), nurse count (care supply), the patient-to-nurse ratio for each nurse group, extreme supply-demand mismatches, and patient turnover (ie, number of admissions, discharges, and transfers).

Methods
Our retrospective analysis of data from the Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland included all inpatients and nurses working in their units from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. Two data sources were used. The nurse staffing system (tacs) provided information about nurses and all the care they provided to patients, their working time, and admission, discharge, and transfer dates and times. The medical discharge data included patient demographics, further admission and discharge details, and diagnoses. Based on several identifiers, these two data sources were linked.

Results
Our final dataset included more than 58 million data points for 128,484 patients and 4633 nurses across 70 units. Compared with patient turnover, fluctuations in the number of nurses were less pronounced. The differences mainly coincided with shifts (night, morning, evening). While the percentage of shifts with extreme staffing fluctuations ranged from fewer than 3% (mornings) to 30% (evenings and nights), the percentage within “normal” ranges ranged from fewer than 50% to more than 80%. Patient turnover occurred throughout the measurement period but was lowest at night.

Conclusions
Based on measurements of patient-to-nurse ratio and patient turnover at 30-minute intervals, our findings indicate that the patient count, which varies considerably throughout the day, is the key driver of changes in the patient-to-nurse ratio. This demand-side variability challenges the supply-side mandate to provide safe and reliable care. Detecting and describing patterns in variability such as these are key to appropriate staffing planning. This descriptive analysis was a first step towards identifying time-related variables to be considered for a predictive nurse staffing model.
EUPHORBIA CADUCIFOLIA HAINES, EUPHORBIA NIVULIA BUCH. HAM AND EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI LINN. LATEX SHELF-LIFE ASSESSMENT OF EUPHORBIA ANTIQUORUM LINN.
Authors: ROY SUDIPTA , ACHARYA RABINARAYAN , RANADE ANAGHA , CHOLERA M. S. 
Published: February 2020

Objective: In the present study, an attempt was made to assess the shelf life of the Snuhi latex which is frequently used in fresh condition for the preparation of Ksharasutra, a medicated thread, used in Ayurveda.
Methods: The latex of E. antiquorum, E. caducifolia, E. nivulia and E. tirucalli were collected individually and stored in air tight glass vials during the month of May, 2018. Physical attributes like Colour, odour, appearances, pH and microbial load of all four samples were assessed as per standard protocol. Assessment was made every day, 9 AM, for 7 d in room temperature and for 10 d in refrigerated samples.
Results: Result shows that, pH range (start-end day) was 4.25-5.18, 4.79-5.12, 4.48-4.76 and 4.40-5.42 in case of E. antiquorum, E. caducifolia, E. nivulia and E. tirucalli at room temperature. It was found that, Aspergillus niger was found in Euphorbia antiquorum, Euphorbia caducifolia whereas Candida albicans was found in Euphorbia tirucalli latex in fungal culture on the 7th day after collection, when the samples were stored at room temperature. All the samples were free from microbial growth up to 10thday when stored at 4-5 °C in a refrigerator.
Conclusion: Temperature, and moisture affects the quality of fresh snuhi latex. The latex remains free from microbial growth up to six days in room temperature and up to 10 d under at refrigerated temperature (4-5 °C).
NOVEL SELECTIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF METHIMAZOLE IN PURE FORM AND IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Authors: AL BATHISH MALAK Y. , GAZY AZZA A. , EL JAMAL MARWA K. 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To develop and validate new, selective spectrophotometric colorimetric analytical methods for the quantification of methimazole in its pure form and in its pharmaceutical preparations.
Methods: Method A is based on the oxidation of methimazole with potassium permanganate in alkaline medium, the manganate ion produced was measured at λmax= 610 nm. Method B is a kinetic determination of methimazole using fixed-time method based on the oxidation of methimazole using known excess of cerium (IV) nitrate in acidic medium and assessing the unreacted Ce (IV) by adding a fixed amount of methyl orange and measuring the absorbance of the resultant solution at λmax=507 nm which is equivalent to the unreacted methyl orange. The reaction conditions and analytical parameters are investigated and optimized. Method validation was carried out according to ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, and accuracy.
Results: Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 1.50–15.00 μg/ml for method A and 0.25–3.00 μg/ml for method B. The developed methods were subjected to the detailed validation procedure. The proposed spectrophotometric methods were applied for the determination of the methimazole in its pure form and in its pharmaceutical formulation. The percentage recoveries were found to be 100.82 % and 99.85 % in the pharmaceutical formulation for the two proposed methods, respectively.
Conclusion: Both developed spectrophotometric methods, considered as green analytical chemistry, were found to be novel, highly selective and can be applied for the quality control of methimazole in its pure form and in its pharmaceutical formulation based on the simplicity, applicability of the parameters, accessibility of the reagents employed and reasonably low time of analysis.
TRUSTING THE PHARMACIST IN DELIVERING MEDICATION INFORMATION: A COMMUNITY-BASED PERSPECTIVE
Authors: DIMASSI HANI , MAKHOUL MAGGY , KHABSA JOANNE , SAADEH MARGUERITA , SALEH SHADI 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Optimal disease management is influenced by a solid patient-health provider relationship; which includes trust in the provider. The study compares respondents’ trust in pharmacists and physicians for the delivery of drug information.
Methods: Residents of 3 rural communities in Lebanon, aged 40 and above, were invited to participate in the study, 760 accepted. Participants were asked who they trust the most with information about their medication: their physician or their pharmacist.
Results: Of the total sample, 154 chose the pharmacist as their most trusted source of medication information (20%). Characteristics associated with choosing the pharmacist were: being a male (29.3% vs 16.2% p<.001), of younger age (31.5% among<50 y, 18.8% among 50-64 y, and 14.6% among 65+years p<.001), single (31.6% vs 21.9% married and 9.3 others, p=0.023), working (39.2% vs15.7% p<.001), and insured (2.3% vs 16.4% p=0.048). The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that having a family member with hypertension (OR=1.86 95% 1.23-2.82), or cardiovascular (OR=3.39 95%CI 1.55-7.45) increased the likelihood of trusting pharmacists over medical doctor. On the other hand, a self-report of cardiovascular disease (OR=0.34 95% CI 0.12-0.95) and taking medication (OR=0.41 95% CI 0.25-0.67) were associated with a decrease in the trust in the pharmacist in favor of the physician.
Conclusion: Although pharmacists are the drug specialists, the majority of the Lebanese rural community residents reported higher trust in their physicians with information about their medication(s).
STUDIES ON BIOAVAILABILITY ENHANCEMENT OF CURCUMIN
Authors: KOTAGALE N. R. , CHARDE P. B. , HELONDE A. , GUPTA K. R. , UMEKAR M. J. , RAUT N. S. 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of the present work was to improve aqueous solubility and in vivo bioavailability of curcumin and structural analogues of curcumin such as potassium, calcium, magnesium salts and nitro derivative.
Methods: Structural analogues of curcumin were prepared by reaction of curcumin with potassium chloride, magnesium chloride hexahydrate and calcium chloride dihydrate in a suitable solvent. The nitro derivative synthesized by treating curcumin with sulphuric acid and nitric acid. The prepared analogues were evaluated for melting behavior, solubility, UV spectrophotometry, partition coefficient, moisture content, cellular uptake, FTIR analysis, antimicrobial activity and in vivo bioavailability in the rat.
Results: Chemical modification of curcumin increased the saturation solubility to 11.6, 16.5, 21.5, 28.0 µg/ml in calcium salt, magnesium salt, potassium salt and nitro derivative respectively, against 8.6 µg/ml of curcumin. The analogues were chemically stable as curcumin analyzed by FTIR spectrophotometry. Increased cellular uptake, as well as enhanced antimicrobial activity, was demonstrated by modified curcumin analogues. Moreover, significant improvement in plasma levels was estimated with nitro derivative.
Conclusion: The present work recommends that nitration of curcumin improves aqueous solubility which may improve absorption and in vivo bioavailability.
PRESCRIPTION ANALYSIS AND PREVALENCE OF POTENTIALLY INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATION USE IN OLDER ADULTS; AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: KUMAR N. SENTHIL , REJI GEENA K. , K. A. REEMA , S. VIJAYARANGAN , A. RAMYA 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medications and Adverse Drug Reactions in older adults and to collect doctors’ responses regarding the PIM list or any other criteria to treat older adults in India.
Methods: This was an observational study conducted in different tertiary care hospitals of two districts, Erode and Salem after obtaining approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee. A sample of 250 older adults (60 y and above) and 97 doctors were included during the study period of 6 mo from February 2019 to July 2019. Inappropriate medications were identified by using 2019 updated Beer’s criteria. The causality of the adverse events was assessed by Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale.
Results: Out of the 250 prescriptions, only 86(34.4%) of the prescriptions were appropriate and 164(65.6%) were inappropriate. The most commonly inappropriate prescribed medications were diuretics, ranitidine, and tramadol. A total of 74 ADRs was observed in 74 patients. Of these, 57(22.8%) ADRs were due to inappropriate medications listed in Beers criteria. There was a significant association between the occurrence of ADRs and the use of PIMs listed in 2019 updated Beer’s criteria [χ2 = 6.08, P = 0.013 (df = 1)].
Conclusion: The study shows that there is a high prevalence of inappropriate medications and adverse drug reactions in hospitalized older adults. Beer’s criteria can be used as a guideline by the physicians while prescribing the drugs to the geriatric population.
DISTRIBUSI VEKTOR DAN POTENSI PENULARAN MALARIA DI PAPUA BARAT PADA BERBAGAI EKOSISTEM
Authors: Setiyaningsih Riyani , Prihatin Mega Tyas , Mujiyono Mujiyono , Garjito Triwibowo Ambar , Widiarti Widiarti 
Published: February 2020

Anopheles farauti, Anopheles brancofti, Anopheles punctulatus, and Anopheles koliensis are confirmed as malaria vectors in West Papua. The distribution of vectors and their potency as malaria transmission differs in each ecosystem. The aim of this research was to investigate the distribution of vectors and their potency as malaria transmission found in various ecosystem. Mosquitoes were caught by human landing collection method, Animal-Baited Trap, and livestock-baited trap. The larval surveillance was conducted in places that have potential as breeding place for Anopheles spp. Sampling sites were conducted in Manokwari, Fak-fak and Raja Ampat districts. Each District of mosquito and larva fishing is conducted in forest ecosystem near settlement, remote forest settlement, non forest near settlement, non forest remote settlement, beach near settlement and coastal remote settlement. The result of the study demonstrated that An. farauti, An. longirostris and An. punctulatus were positive from plasmodium caught in the beach near settlement, in the remote forest settlement and in non-forest near settlement ecosystems of Manokwari Regency, respectively. Anopheles farauti caught in non-forest near settlement ecosystem of Raja Ampat Regency was also found to be positive from plasmodium. However, none mosquitoes and larvae caught in Fak-fak Regency was positive. It is concluded that those mosquitoes caught in Manokwari and Raja Ampat Regency might act as vectors of Malaria.
PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS FASILITATOR SURVEILANS VEKTOR DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI KOTA SALATIGA
Authors: Pujiyanti Aryani , Setiyaningsih Riyani , Trapsilowati Wiwik , Irawan Anggi Septia , Hidajat Muhammad Choirul 
Published: February 2020

Distribution of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever case in Salatiga in 2011 - 2015 showed wide expansion of the case. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Salatiga in collaboration with B2P2VRP performed capacity building of vector surveillance facilitators using interactive method as an early warning system response to the spread of DHF transmission. Facilitators were cadres and teachers who were expected to optimize larval monitoring activities in family and at school. The stydy objective was to measure level of knowledge of facilitators before and after receiving capacity building activities. Research was conducted at Kelurahan Gendongan and Tingkir Tengah with data collection in February - September 2014. The research was an intervention study with one group pre-post test without control design. The result showed that capacity building could increase knowledge of both the facilitator (PSN cadres and teachers) before and after the intervention. There was no difference of post test knowledge level between cadre group and teacher. Capacity building activities with interactive methods can increase participants' knowledge with different educational background. The health office was recommended to use interactive methods in refreshing DBD vector surveillance materials on cadres and teachers to improve the sustainability of community participation in other kelurahan in larva surveys.
PENGETAHUAN PETUGAS KESEHATAN DAN LINTAS SEKTOR TENTANG LEPTOSPIROSIS DI KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Pujiyanti Aryani , Wicaksono Putro Dimas Bagus , Mulyono Arief 
Published: February 2020

Leptospirosis control in Pati Regency cannot rely on the general health sector alone, however, it is needed collaboration between the cross-program in leptospirosis control and the relevant sectors. This study aimed to describe the level of leptospirosis knowledge of the health and the cross-sectors officers in Pati Regency, Central Java Province through the assessment activity. A cross-sectional method was used in the present study. A total of 32 people consisting of the the health and the cross-sectors officers was used as research subjects. They attended the dissemination of leptospirosis held in April 2018 . The instrument used was a questionnaire and the data collection was performed using the questionnaire technique. The data were analyzed descriptively using fisher exact analysis. The results showed that most respondents had a good level of leptospirosis knowledge. There was no significant positive correlation between resondents' knowledge with age, education level, gender, and type of institution. Respondents understood that environmental factors and the presence of rats played a major role in leptospirosis transmission in Pati District. However, most respondents were lack of knowledge on the role of non-rats as leptospirosis reservoirs. The knowledge of leptospirosis prevention was focused on on self-protecting against bacterial contact from the environment rather than efforts of rodents control and the use of gloves when treating animals. The District Health Office is recommended to provide the health education on leptospirosis issues for both the cross programs and across sectors officer, particularly how to control rats and the role of non-rats as leptospirosis reservoirs.
Interaksi Antara Zat Aktif dan Eksipien dalam Sediaan Farmasi
Authors: Alfaridz Faizal , Musfiroh Ida 
Published: February 2020

Perkembangan formula pada sediaan farmasi semakin pesat terbukti dengan adanya bentuk sediaan baru serta campuran eksipien pendukung yang rumit. Pengembangan suatu formula tidaklah mudah karena perlu bertahun-tahun agar mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Salah satu permasalahan dalam pengembangan formula adalah interaksi yang terjadi pada formula tersebut, terutama pada zat aktif dengan eksipien maupun degradannya. Interaksi yang terjadi dapat berupa interaksi fisika seperti pembentukan kompleks, adsorpsi dan dispersi solida ; sedangkan untuk interaksi kimia seperti reaksi Maillard, dan transesterifikasi. Pada studi pustaka ini akan dibahas bagaimana interaksi tersebut terjadi antara zat aktif-eksipien pada sediaan farmasi.Kata Kunci : Degradan, Interaksi Fisika, Interaksi Kimia.
Approximating Fixed Points of The General Asymptotic Set Valued Mappings
Authors: Abed Salwa Salman 
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new generalization of asymptotically non-expansive set-valued mapping and to discuss its demi-closeness principle. Then, under certain conditions, we prove that the sequence defined by yn+1 = tn z+ (1-tn )un , un in Gn( yn ) converges strongly to some fixed point in reflexive Banach spaces. As an application, existence theorem for an iterative differential equation as well as convergence theorems for a fixed point iterative method designed to approximate this solution is proved
Terrorism and Cyberspace: A Phenomenon of Cyber-Terrorism as Transnational Crimes
Authors: Kadir Nadiah Khaeriah , Judhariksawan Judhariksawan , Maskun Maskun 
Published: February 2020

The advancement of information technology is changing the pattern of radical group propaganda from conventional methods to the ways they use today, namely using the media and cyberspace, or what is also called as cyber-terrorism. The purpose of this study is to discuss the emergence of the currently experienced cyber-terrorism phenomenon. It is normative research through a literature study method by approaching statutes. The results of this study indicate that cyber-terrorism is a part of cybercrime that is qualified as transnational crime which refers to Article 3 of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. Currently, there are several laws/regulations regarding terrorism at the national, regional and international levels. However, these rules do not specifically regulate new developments in acts of terrorism through cyberspace or what is known as cyber-terrorism.
Perubahan Pola Permukiman Akibat Akulturasi di Kampung Kuper Kabupaten Merauke
Authors: Simorangkir Yosi Valentina , Martosenjoyo Triyatni , Arifin Mimi 
Published: February 2020

Akulturasi yang terjadi pada Kampung Kuper Distrik Semangga diawali dengan hadirnya atau masuknya migran, dimana kebudayaan mereka sebagai pendatang mempengaruhi kebudayaan masyarakat marind sebagai penduduk lokal,yang berdampak pada perubahan pola permukiman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungapkan proses yang mempengaruhi perubahan pola permukiman masyarakat Marind pada Kampung Kuper Distrik Semangga, Kabupaten Merauke sebagai Fenomena Akulturasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan melakukan observasi langsung pada lokasi penelitian dan wawancara mendalam kepada beberapa responden. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkkan perubahan pola permukiman pada kampung kuper terjadi akibat akulturasi. Kebiasan masyarakat lokal yang hidup berpindah-pindah (nomaden) dengan matapencaharian berburu dan mencari ikan di sungai berubah menetap dan mengukuti kebiasaan masyarakat pendatang yang bermata pencaharian sebagai petani. Dampak pada perubahan pola permukiman yang tadinya berpola linier (memanjang sungai) kemudian sejajar dan berubah menjadi menyebar.
INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN UNIVERSITARIOS: ANALISIS DESCRIPTIVO EN ALUMNOS DE 1º Y 2º DE GRADO
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Rodríguez Góngora Josefina , Rodríguez Rodríguez Jose Antonio 
Published: February 2020

En las últimas décadas se han realizado múltiples estudios sobre la inteligencia emocional y su influencia en numerosas facetas de nuestra vida, pero ha sido poca la atención que se ha prestado a la relevancia que dicha Inteligencia Emocional puede tener en la toma de decisiones sobre la elección de determinadas materias, y en consecuencia, en la elección de la titulación de un Grado Académico concreto. Con este estudio se pretende describir la Inteligencia Emocional (IE) en estudiantes universitarios que cursan diferentes titulaciones, con la intención de encontrar una respuesta que respalde la decisión en la elección de carrera profesional.Para la recogida de datos, se han usado las nuevas tecnologías, comunicación mediante redes sociales, además de la encuesta directa a los alumnos. Los datos se registraban directamente en una plataforma online. La muestra ha estado formada por 452 alumnos, tanto de la Universidad de Almería como de otras universidades, de los que 212 son hombres y 240 mujeres, con una edad (M= 21,01; DT=3,27) comprendida entre los 18 y los 51 años. Todos los universitarios presentan niveles de Inteligencia Emocional dentro de los límites medios, sin embargo aparecen diferencias significativas entre sexos, y perfiles diferenciados de Inteligencia Emocional en las diferentes Áreas de Conocimiento.Aunque no hay una diferenciación significativa entre los valores de IE presentados por los estudiantes en las diferentes Áreas de Conocimiento, sí que aparecen perfiles bien diferenciados que incitan a plantearse un estudio más específico para determinar las carencias, si las hay, de determinados factores favorecedores del desarrollo de la IE y para concretar con mayor precisión dichos perfiles de IE.
Создание исходного материала кабачка для селекции материнских линий женского типа цветения
Authors: Kuzmin S.V. , Medvedev A.V. , Bukharov A.F. 
Published: February 2020

Из обширного исходного материала выделено три половых типа кабачка. Для дифференциации использовано два показателя степени сексуализации: начало образования женских цветков и их количество. Усилению проявления женского типа цветения способствуют сложные скрещивания. Это обеспечивает объединение в одном генотипе различных наследственных факторов. Летний посев значительно снижает выраженность женского пола и позволяет выделить линии с гарантированно высокой экспрессией признака, имеющих от 25 % до 90 % женских растений.From the extensive source material, three sex types of squash are distinguished. For differentiation, two indicators of the degree of sexualization were used: the beginning of the formation of female flowers and their number. Enhancing the manifestation of the female type of flowering is facilitated by complex crossings. This ensures the unification of different hereditary factors in one genotype. Summer sowing significantly reduces the expression of the female sex and makes it possible to isolate lines with a guaranteed high expression of the trait having from 25% to 90% of female plants.