bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learned pacing for adults with chronic pain: A randomised controlled trial feasibility study
Authors: Guy Lauren , McKinstry Carol , Bruce Chris 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionChronic pain can significantly impact on an individual's occupational performance and quality of life. Pacing is a pain management strategy regularly used in occupational therapy practice; however, evidence for its effectiveness has not been established.ObjectivesTo determine the feasibility of a future randomised controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of a learned pacing intervention on occupational performance and satisfaction for adults with chronic pain.MethodsA randomised controlled trial feasibility study was conducted with participants randomly assigned to a learned pacing intervention or a waitlist control group. The primary outcome measure was the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐eight people were screened for eligibility over 36 weeks, with 74 people invited to participate. Twelve were randomly assigned, eight to the learned pacing group and four to the control group. Those receiving the learned pacing intervention had clinically important changes in occupational performance and occupational satisfaction. Participants in the waitlist control group also had clinically important changes in occupational satisfaction. The method design was deemed feasible; however, several improvements would increase the rate of participant recruitment and reduce attrition. Recruitment from multiple sites is required to obtain an adequate sample size of 60.ConclusionUndertaking a future randomised controlled trial is feasible and warranted to establish the effectiveness of a learned pacing intervention on occupational performance and satisfaction for adults with chronic pain.
Effects of tocolysis with nifedipine or atosiban on child outcome: follow‐up of the APOSTEL III trial
Authors: van Winden TMS , Klumper J , Kleinrouweler CE , Tichelaar MA , Naaktgeboren CA , Nijman TA , van Baar AL , van Wassenaer‐Leemhuis AG , Roseboom TJ , van’t Hooft J , Roos C , Mol BW , Pajkrt E , Oudijk MA 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the long‐term effects of tocolysis with nifedipine or atosiban on child outcome at age 2.5–5.5 years.DesignThe APOSTEL III trial was a multicentre randomised controlled trial that compared tocolysis with nifedipine or atosiban in 503 women with threatened preterm birth. Neonatal outcomes did not differ between both treatment arms, except for a higher incidence of intubation in the atosiban group.MethodsParents were asked to complete four questionnaires regarding neurodevelopment, executive function, behaviour problems and general health.Main outcome measuresThe main long‐term outcome measure was a composite of abnormal development at the age of 2.5–5.5 years.ResultsOf the 426 women eligible for follow‐up, 196 (46%) parents returned the questionnaires for 115 children in the nifedipine group and 110 children in the atosiban group. Abnormal development occurred in 32 children (30%) in the nifedipine group and in 38 children (38%) in the atosiban group (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.41–1.34). The separate outcomes for neurodevelopment, executive function, behaviour, and general health showed no significant differences between the groups. Sensitivity analysis for all children of the APOSTEL III trial, including a comparison of deceased children, resulted in a higher rate of healthy survival in the nifedipine group (64 versus 54%), but there was no significant difference in the overall mortality rate (5.4 versus 2.7%). There were no significant subgroup effects.ConclusionOutcomes on broad child neurodevelopment, executive function, behaviour and general health were comparable in both groups. Neither nifedipine nor atosiban can be considered as the preferred treatment for women with threatened preterm birth.Tweetable abstractNifedipine‐ and atosiban‐exposed children had comparable long‐term outcomes, including neurodevelopment, executive function and behaviour.
Influence of refining processes on the bioactive composition, in vitro antioxidant capacity, and their correlation of perilla seed oil
Authors: Pan Fengguang , Wen Baoli , Luo Xiangdan , Wang Chunshuang , Wang Xiaoqing , Guan Xinrui , Xu Yufei , Dang Wenjun , Zhang Mingdi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe effect of chemical refining process on the bioactive composition, in vitro antioxidant capacity, and their correlation of perilla seed oil (PSO) were investigated. In this paper, seven samples corresponding to each step of the refining process (degumming, neutralization, bleaching, deodorization, winterization, crude, and refined oils) were studied. The results showed that phenolic compounds and tocopherols were removed from PSO to a degree of 19.4% and 5.4%, respectively. In addition, the carotenoid content of PSO decreased during the refining process. The main carotenoid of PSO was found to be lutein, and the compound was lost completely during the bleaching step of the refining process. In this paper, we analyzed the variation of carotenoid content in PSO during the refining process for the first time. Neutralization affected the contents of phytosterols the most, followed by the effects of degumming and bleaching. The demonstrated results of Pearson product–moment correlation indicated that total tocopherols were significantly correlated with the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) values, whereas carotenoids were significantly correlated with the DPPH value. However, phenolic compounds and phytosterols have no significant difference with DPPH, 2,2'‐Azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, ORAC, and ferric reducing antioxidant power values. The collected information can be applied to seeking out optimum factors needed to suffice the fundamental requirements for PSO production and minimize micronutrient losses to enhance its market value.Practical ApplicationThe present study aimed to determine influence of chemical refining in the bioactive composition of perilla seed oil (PSO) as well as its antioxidant capacity in vitro. Moreover, we also intend to find the correlation between them. Results indicated that this study supplies a good reference for the industrial parameters of the refining process to minimize micronutrient losses and further obtain high‐quality PSO products for consumers.
Identification of Priority Areas for Integrated Management of Semiarid Watersheds in the Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: Arteaga Juan , Ochoa Pablo , Fries Andreas , Boll Jan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntegrated watershed management (IWM) is a priority, especially in semiarid regions that are concurrently affected by population growth, land use change, soil erosion, and poor governance. In developing countries, IWM is often done without any support tool, scientific data, or deep knowledge of territory characteristics. The aim of this study was to present a case study to apply a decision support tool to prioritize areas for territory management. A simple, quantitative multi‐criteria analysis was applied in a semiarid basin of the Ecuadorian Andes to identify the zones of greatest concern for implementation of resource conservation and management practices at a local and regional scale. In addition to describing the current state of the conditions of this basin, our results suggest scenarios of change in relation to official population projections based on spatial analysis of land use change. Analysis resulted in a scattered distribution of priority values within the watershed, so a hierarchical rule was incorporated to define priorities at the subwatershed (SW) scale. Our analysis identified four SW of very high priority and urgent need to implement management practices. Based on projections of future change due to population growth and land cover change, the number of subbasins that require more attention was doubled. Finally, this study includes zones for management or conservation of the land, according to the Sustainable Development Goals.
Impaired substrate‐mediated cardiac mitochondrial complex I respiration with unaltered regulation of fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress status in type 2 diabetic Asian Indians
Authors: Jayakumari Nandini R. , Rajendran Raji S. , Sivasailam Ashok , Vimala Surabhi S. , Nanda Saurabh , Manjunatha Shankarappa , Pillai Vivek V. , Karunakaran Jayakumar , Gopala Srinivas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe cardiovascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus could be attributed to changes in myocardial mitochondrial metabolism. Though it is a known fact that permeabilized cardiac muscle fibers and isolated mitochondria are metabolically compromised in the Caucasian population, studies of Asian Indian myocardial mitochondrial function are lacking. Thus, the objective of the present study is to analyze if there is altered cardiac mitochondrial substrate utilization in diabetic Asian Indians.MethodsMitochondrial substrate utilization was measured using high‐resolution respirometry in isolated mitochondria prepared from right atrial appendage tissues of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Western blotting and densitometric analysis were also done to compare the levels of proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism and regulation.ResultsThe mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate for fatty acid substrate was shown to be decreased in diabetic subjects compared to nondiabetic subjects along with an unvaried mitochondrial DNA copy number and uniform levels of electron transport chain complex proteins and proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism and regulation. Decreased glutamate but unchanged pyruvate‐mediated state 3 respiration were also observed in diabetic subjects.ConclusionThe current study reports deranged cardiac mitochondrial fatty acid‐mediated complex I respiration in type 2 diabetic Asian Indians with comparable levels of regulators of fatty acid oxidation to that of nondiabetic myocardium. Altered glutamate‐mediated mitochondrial respiration also points toward possible alterations in mitochondrial complex I activity. When compared with previous reports on other ethnic populations, the current study suggests that Asian Indian population too have altered cardiac mitochondrial substrate utilization.
Exploring density‐ and frequency‐dependent interactions experimentally: An r program for generating hexagonal fan designs
Authors: Rozins Carly , Hood Michael E. , Cho Jae Hoon , Antonovics Janis 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Species interactions and diversity are strongly impacted by local processes, with both the density of a focal species and its frequency in the community having an impact on its growth, survival and fecundity. Yet, studies that attempt to control for variation in both frequency and density have traditionally required a large number of replicates.

Hexagonal fan designs can include a range of both densities and frequencies in a single plot, providing large economies in space and material for studying local interactions such as competition and disease transmission. However, in practice such experiments can be difficult to plan and implement.

This study presents an R program whereby the user can rapidly view a variety of designs and determine the configurations that work best with their space and material constraints. Simple instructions for implementing the fan in any design setting are also provided.

We illustrate the implementation of a simple form of the hexagonal fan design in a field experiment to assess the impact of host density on pollinator movement and disease transmission.
Warmer and less variable temperatures favour an accelerated plant phenology of two invasive weeds across sub‐Antarctic Macquarie Island
Authors: March‐Salas Martí , Pertierra Luis R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe great plasticity and diverse reproductive strategies of invasive alien plants are widely assumed to contribute to invasion success, even in extreme areas, often displacing native species. In this context, climate change creates new opportunities for biological invasions. Environmental variability and global warming are two of the climatic processes that may promote invasiveness, since alien species modulate their phenology to succeed under these circumstances. We monitored the phenological development (phenological stage advancement) of the two main invasive alien species:Poa annuaL. andCerastium fontanumBaumg. in the sub‐Antarctic Macquarie Island during the austral summer period along an altitudinal gradient. We found that higher temperatures lead to increased plant height and accelerated phenological development than lower temperatures inP. annuabut found no direct evidence of the latter inC. fontanum. However, increased temperature variability negatively affected the phenological development of both species. Interestingly, despite their different reproductive strategy (rapid and impromptu inP. annua, and more synchronic and gradual inC. fontanum), both species prolifically succeeded in producing seeds at all sites showing the great acclimation of these two alien species even in limiting conditions. Since both alien species in Macquarie Island showed larger size and faster phenology at lower altitudes (i.e. milder conditions), this would indicate a great influence of ameliorating abiotic extremes on alien plant invasive capabilities at environmental extremes. Thus, our results warn of the increasing capabilities under climatic warming scenarios for alien plants to reproduce even at such remote ranges. This highlights the need to reinforce calls for special attention to prevent the spread of these kinds of species to other similar sub‐polar areas, where intensive post‐introduction management may be difficult or expensive.
Novel variant p.(Ala102Thr) in SDHB causes mitochondrial complex II deficiency: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kaur Parneet , Sharma Suvasini , Kadavigere Rajagopal , Girisha Katta Mohan , Shukla Anju 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLeigh syndrome is a clinically and radiologically heterogeneous condition with approximately 75 genes, nuclear and mitochondrial, known to be implicated in its pathogenesis. Leigh syndrome due to complex II deficiency constitutes 2% to 7% of these cases. Previously, nine individuals with Leigh syndrome have been reported with pathogenic variants in SDHB, which encodes for the iron–sulfur cluster subunit of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II. The proband presented with Leigh syndrome. Exome sequencing revealed a homozygous missense variant p.(Ala102Thr) in SDHB. In silico protein modeling of the wild‐type and mutant proteins showed potentially decreased protein stability. We hereby report another individual with Leigh syndrome due to SDHB‐related mitochondrial complex II deficiency and review the phenotype and genotype associated with this condition.
Fifth‐year medical students' perceptions of the importance of frailty and competence in assessing, diagnosing and managing frailty before and after a geriatric medicine course
Authors: Arakawa Martins Beatriz , Jadczak Agathe Daria , Dollard Joanne , Barrie Helen , Mahajan Neha , Tam Khai Loon , Visvanathan Renuka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the changes in fifth‐year medical students' perceptions of the importance of frailty and competence in assessing, diagnosing and managing frailty after a 4.5‐week geriatric medicine course.MethodsStudents' perceived importance and competence was assessed before and after the course using a 26‐item Likert scale questionnaire with scores ranging from 1 to 6.ResultsStudents' perceptions of the importance of defining frailty (P = .01), explaining what frailty is (P = .03), advising on nutritional needs (P = .001) and exercise (P = .001) and prescribing an exercise program (P < .001) significantly improved after the course. Medical students' perceived competence in assessing, diagnosing and managing frailty was low to moderate precourse and increased significantly postcourse (2.3 [1.2] 4.9 [2.9], mean [IQR], P < .001) across all items.ConclusionAn appropriate curriculum focusing on geriatric health conditions such as frailty can improve senior medical students' perceived importance and competence in assessing, diagnosing and managing frailty.
Prediction of preterm pre‐eclampsia at midpregnancy using a multivariable screening algorithm
Authors: Black Carin , Rolnik Daniel Lorber , Al‐Amin Ahmed , Kane Stefan C. , Stolarek Caroline , White Adrienne , Da Silva Costa Fabricio , Brennecke Shaun 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundCompeting risk models used for midpregnancy prediction of preterm pre‐eclampsia have shown detection rates (DR) of 85%, at fixed false‐positive rate (FPR) of 10%. The full algorithm used between 19+0 and 24+6 weeks includes maternal factors, mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean uterine artery pulsatility index (UtAPI), serum placental growth factor (PlGF) level in multiples of the median (MoM), and soluble Fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) level in MoM.AimsTo assess performance of the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) algorithm at midpregnancy to screen for preterm (<37 weeks) pre‐eclampsia. The outcome measured was preterm pre‐eclampsia.Materials and MethodsThis is a prospective study including singleton pregnancies at 19–22 weeks gestation. Maternal bloods were collected and analysed using three different immunoassay platforms. Maternal characteristics, medical history, MAP, mean UtAPI, serum PlGF MoM and serum sFlt‐1 MoM were used for risk assessment. DR and FPR were calculated, and receiver operating characteristic curves produced.ResultsFive hundred and twelve patients were included. Incidence of preterm pre‐eclampsia was 1.6%. Using predicted risk of pre‐eclampsia of one in 60 or more and one in 100 or higher, as given by the FMF predictive algorithm, the combination with the best predictive performance for preterm pre‐eclampsia included maternal factors, MAP, UtAPI and PlGF MoM, giving DRs of 100% and 100%, respectively, and FPRs of 9.3 for all platforms and 12.9–13.5, respectively. Addition of sFlt‐1 to the algorithm did not appear to improve performance. sFlt‐1 MoM and PlGF MoM values obtained on the different platforms performed very similarly.ConclusionsSecond trimester combined screening for preterm pre‐eclampsia by maternal history, MAP, mean UtAPI and PlGF MoM using the FMF algorithm performed very well in this patient population.
The evolving algorithm of biological selection in severe asthma
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Barnes Peter , Canonica Giorgio Walter , Gaga Mina , Heaney Liam , Menzies‐Gow Andrew , Kritikos Vicky , Fitzgerald Mark 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNew therapeutic options for severe asthma have recently emerged, mostly in the form of monoclonal antibodies (“biologicals”) targeting relevant inflammatory pathways. Currently available agents target different aspects of “Type 2” immunity, and their indications often include overlapping patient groups. We present a round‐table discussion that took place during the Annual Meeting of the Respiratory Effectiveness Group (REG), on the reasoning behind the use of different add‐on medications for severe asthma, and crucially, on selection strategies. The proposed rational is based on current evidence, including real‐life studies, as well as on the appreciation of the relevant complexities. Direct head‐to‐head comparisons of biologicals are lacking; therefore, algorithms for initial choice and potential switch between agents should be based on understanding the key characteristics of different options and the development of a clear plan with predefined targets and shared decision‐making, in a structured way.
Audio/visual recording of doctors in hospitals
Authors: Yentis S. M. , Shinde S. , Bogod D. , Flatt N. , Hartley H. , Keats P. , Leifer S. , Pappachan J. , Parfitt E. , Pooni J. , Rowland A. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryGuidelines are presented that summarise the legal position regarding the audio/visual recording of doctors and others in hospitals. In general, there are few, if any, legal grounds for refusing a request by patients to record procedures and/or discussions with clinicians, although some staff may feel uncomfortable being recorded. Trusts and others are advised to draw up local policies and ensure staff and patients are adequately informed.
Explaining poverty and business with network concepts analysis
Authors: Semprebon Elder , Porsse Melody de Campos Soares , Gurak Elis Cristina , Dameto Flavia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPoverty observed from business in the academic field has evolved in some publications and is characterized as a multidimensional phenomenon, having several theoretical strands that add their attention to this problem. The objective of this study is to identify and cluster the variables of poverty in the business area through the network analysis. There were 1,745 keywords mentioned in 566 papers about the theme present in the Scopus database between 2000 and 2016. The results demonstrate a network with four clusters: (a) Economy, government and people; (b) Community, institutions and market; (c) Business and environment; and (d) Social aspects and finance. From the network, it is possible to understand the most cited categories of variables (research methodology and business aspects), the most consolidated relations between categories of variables (poverty and economic aspects), the most studied area (Economy, government and people), and the gaps to be explored.
Frozen embryos and the obligation to adopt
Authors: Blackshaw Bruce P. , Colgrove Nicholas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRob Lovering has developed an interesting new critique of views that regard embryos as equally valuable as other human beings: the moral argument for frozen human embryo adoption. The argument is aimed at those who believe that the death of a frozen embryo is a very bad thing, and Lovering concludes that some who hold this view ought to prevent one of these deaths by adopting and gestating a frozen embryo. Contra Lovering, we show that there are far more effective strategies for preserving the lives of frozen embryos than adoption. Moreover, we point out that those who regard the deaths of frozen embryos as a very bad thing will generally regard the deaths of all embryos as a very bad thing, whether they are discarded embryos, aborted embryos or embryos that spontaneously abort. This entails that these other embryos must be taken into account when considering moral obligations, as well as other human lives at risk from preventable causes.
Empirical research in clinical ethics: The ‘committed researcher’ approach
Authors: Fournier Véronique , Bretonnière Sandrine , Spranzi Marta 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAfter the ‘empirical turn’ in bioethics, few specific approaches have been developed for doing clinical ethics research in close connection with clinical decision‐making on a daily basis. In this paper we describe the ‘committed researcher’ approach to research in clinical ethics that we have developed over the years. After comparing it to two similar research methodological approaches, the ‘embedded researcher’ and ‘deliberative engagement’, we highlight its main features: it is patient‐oriented, it is implemented by collegial and multidisciplinary teams, it uses an ethical grid to build the interview guide, and it is geared towards bringing the results to bear on the public debate surrounding the issue at stake. Finally, we position our methodological approach with respect to the ‘is vs. ought’ distinction. We argue that our ‘commitment researcher’ approach to clinical ethics research takes concerned people’s life‐building values as the main data, and compares them to the larger normative framework underlying the medical practice at stake.