bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preformed and de novo DSA are associated with T‐cell–mediated rejection in pediatric liver transplant recipients requiring clinically indicated liver biopsy
Authors: Schluckebier Dominique , Cousin Vladimir L. , Petit Laetitia‐Marie , Belli Dominique , Wildhaber Barbara , Rougemont Anne‐Laure , Villard Jean , Ferrari‐Lacraz Sylvie , McLin Valérie A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite growing interest about the impact of donor‐specific HLA antibodies (DSA) in LT limited data are available for pediatric recipients. Our aim was to perform a retrospective single‐center chart review of children (0‐16 years) having undergone LT between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2017, to characterize DSA, to identify factors associated with the development of de novo DSA, and to analyze potential associations with the diagnosis of TCMR. Information on patient‐ and donor‐characteristics and LB reports were analyzed retrospectively. Serum obtained before LT and at LB was analyzed for presence of recipient HLA antibody using Luminex® technology. MFI > 1000 was considered positive. In 63 pediatric LT recipients with a median follow‐up of 72 months, the overall prevalence of de novo DSA was 60.3%. Most were directed against class II antigens (33/38, 86.8%). Preformed DSA were present in 30% of patients. Twenty‐eight (28/63) patients (44.4%) presented at least one episode of TCMR, mostly (12/28, 43%) moderate (Banff 6‐7). De novo DSA were significantly more frequent in patients with TCMR than in patients without (75% vs 48.6%, P = .03), and patients with preformed and de novo DSA had a significantly higher rate of TCMR than patients without any DSA (66.7% vs 20%, P = .02). Neither preformed DSA nor de novo DSA were associated with frequency or severity of TCMR. Recipients with lower weight at LT developed de novo DSA more frequently (P = .04). De novo DSA were highly prevalent in pediatric LT recipients. Although associated with the development of TCMR, they did not appear to impact the frequency or severity of TCMR or graft survival. Instead, de novo DSA may suggest a state of insufficient IS.
The long‐term impact of providing nursing education in a low‐income country
Authors: Holm Michelle R. , Burkhartzmeyer Holly L. , Fort Rachel , Rinville Raymonde , Sannon Herriot 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo measure long‐term knowledge gain after provision of nursing education in a low‐income country.Design and SampleGlobal health education research has often focused on the short‐ term effects of providing education and direct patient care. Assessment of long‐term knowledge gain is key for determining whether education knowledge transfer is sustainable.MeasurementsThis prospective cohort study of educational training for nurses in Haiti tested knowledge gain before, immediately after, and 6 months after education.InterventionQuantitative assessments were obtained through multiple choice tests at 3 time points. Qualitative data were obtained through focus groups and self‐assessments.ResultsKnowledge gain was significant from pretest to immediate posttest, and knowledge retention was assessed at 6 months after the education. Qualitative data showed improvement in reported confidence levels and patient care activities. Short‐term knowledge gain was statistically significant for improvement; however, long‐term knowledge gain was statistically significant in only 4 of 19 lectures.ConclusionsReported qualitative improvements in patient care indicated added value of providing education to the nursing staff. Hands‐on learning techniques were important to long‐term retention, and building trust was vital to the completion of our study.
The effect of acute running and cycling exercise on T cell apoptosis in humans: A systematic review
Authors: Palmowski Jana , Reichel Thomas , Boßlau Tim Konstantin , Krüger Karsten 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis review analyses the influence of acute running and cycling exercise on T lymphocyte apoptosis. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomized case–control studies (NRCTs) measuring apoptosis by flow cytometry. Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed and Ovid were searched for running and cycling intervention studies. Risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration's tools. We included five NRCTs and one RCT with a total of 93 participants. The RCT found a higher percentage of apoptotic T helper cells identified by upregulation of Annexin V, caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 under hypoxic conditions, and only one NRCT reported a higher percentage of highly differentiated apoptotic T cells immediately after exercise. Three hours after exercise, the same NRCT showed an increase in several T cell subsets such as T helper, cytotoxic T, low differentiated and regulatory T cells. The interventions were very heterogeneous by exercise protocol and external conditions. High risk of bias in NRCTs restricts accuracy of the included studies. Imprecision due to the small sample size limits further evidence. In the future, scientists should include apoptotic measures into their research design, plan RCTs, measure apoptosis at different time points post‐exercise and increase sample size.
Jump‐landing mechanics in patellar tendinopathy in elite youth basketballers
Authors: Harris Meaghan , Schultz Adrian , Drew Michael K. , Rio Ebonie , Charlton Paula , Edwards Suzi 
Published: November 2019

Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a leading cause of morbidity in jump‐landing athletes. Landing mechanics are identified as a factor associated with PT and/or patellar tendon abnormality. This study aimed to identify key jump‐landing variables associated with PT. Thirty‐six junior elite basketball players (men n = 18, women n = 18) were recruited from a Basketball Australia development camp. Three‐dimensional (3D) kinematic and ground reaction force (GRF) data during a stop‐jump task were collected as well as ultrasound scans of the patellar tendons and recall history of training load data. Mixed‐model factorial analyses of variance were used to determine any significant between‐group differences. Of the 23 participants included for statistical analyses, 11 had normal bilateral patellar tendons (controls) and eight reported PT (currently symptomatic); however, the four participants categorized as asymptomatic with patellar tendon abnormality on diagnostic imaging were excluded from statistical analyses due to their small sample size. Athletes with PT displayed a similar knee flexion angle at initial foot‐ground contact (IC) and hip extension strategy during a stop‐jump horizontal landing. Despite a similar kinematic technique, athletes with PT utilized a strategy of a longer stance duration phase from IC to peak force. This strategy did not lead to those athletes with PT decreasing their peak vertical GRF nor patellar tendon force during landing but enabled these athletes to land with a lower rate of loading (control 59.2 ± 39.3 vs. PT 29.4 ± 33.7 BW.s‐1). Athletes with PT still reported significantly reduced training volume (control 4.9 ± 1.8 vs PT 1.8 ± 1.1 sessions/wk; total training time/wk control 2.4 ± 1.0 vs PT 1.4 ± 1.1 h/wk).
Virtual Patient Journey: a novel learning resource
Authors: Salem Joseph , Fukuta Junaid , Coombs Alan , Morgan Justin 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundVirtual Patient Journey (VPJ) is a novel online resource that follows a patient through their illness and integrates first‐person video content with in‐video decision making, allowing the student to take on the responsibility of a health care professional. The aim of our project was to compare this new VPJ format with standard teaching tutorials.MethodsThird‐year medical students selected from two Bristol hospitals were allocated to either the VPJ format or a typical tutorial‐style teaching session. Both formats covered an identical level and scope of material and lasted the same length of time. Data were collected on pre‐ and post‐test knowledge and confidence gain using self‐reported questionnaires at the time of the teaching.ResultsThe study recruited 30 students. The average knowledge gain for the VPJ group and for the tutorial group was 39% and 35%, respectively. The confidence increase was 2.4 and 1.8 on a scale of 1–10 for the VPJ and tutorial groups, respectively. Of the students who used the VPJ, 92% believed that it was a useful teaching resource and 96% enjoyed the VPJ experience and would re‐watch the material at home.ConclusionsVPJ can expose students to clinical situations that they may not see on placement and can help to deliver a baseline level of clinical exposure and knowledge. Our VPJ may help overcome the rigidity of current virtual patients in teaching a range of core competencies and also allowing the students to take responsibility for a patient's care in a safe, controlled environment.
Vegetative desiccation tolerance in the resurrection plant Xerophyta humilis has not evolved through reactivation of the seed canonical LAFL regulatory network
Authors: Lyall Rafe , Schlebusch Stephen A. , Proctor Jessica , Prag Mayur , Hussey Steven G. , Ingle Robert A. , Illing Nicola 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIt has been hypothesised that vegetative desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants evolved via reactivation of the canonical LAFL (i.e. LEC1, ABI3, FUS3 and LEC2) transcription factor (TF) network that activates the expression of genes during the maturation of orthodox seeds leading to desiccation tolerance of the plant embryo in most angiosperms. There is little direct evidence to support this, however, and the transcriptional changes that occur during seed maturation in resurrection plants have not previously been studied. Here we performed de novo transcriptome assembly for Xerophyta humilis, and analysed gene expression during seed maturation and vegetative desiccation. Our results indicate that differential expression of a set of 4205 genes is common to maturing seeds and desiccating leaves. This shared set of genes is enriched for gene ontology terms related to abiotic stress, including water stress and abscisic acid signalling, and includes many genes that are seed‐specific in Arabidopsis thaliana and targets of ABI3. However, while we observed upregulation of orthologues of the canonical LAFL TFs and ABI5 during seed maturation, similar to what is seen in A. thaliana, this did not occur during desiccation of leaf tissue. Thus, reactivation of components of the seed desiccation program in X. humilis vegetative tissues likely involves alternative transcriptional regulators.
Impact of rivaroxaban plasma concentration on perioperative red blood cell loss
Authors: Kaserer Alexander , Kiavialaitis Greta Emilia , Braun Julia , Schedler Andreas , Stein Philipp , Rössler Julian , Spahn Donat R. , Studt Jan‐Dirk 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUNDThis study investigates the impact of preoperative calculated rivaroxaban (RXA) plasma concentration on perioperative red blood cell (RBC) loss.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn this retrospective single‐center study, we identified patients with RXA intake according to a preoperative determination of RXA levels within 96 hours before surgery. RXA plasma concentration at the beginning of surgery was then calculated from the last RXA intake using a single‐compartment pharmacokinetic model with four categories of RXA concentration (≤20, 21‐50, 51‐100, and >100 μg/L). Patients were classified into surgery with high (≥500 mL) or low (<500 mL) expected blood loss. Perioperative bleeding was determined by calculating RBC loss.RESULTSWe analyzed 308 surgical interventions in 298 patients during the period from January 2012 to July 2018. Among patients undergoing surgery with low expected blood loss, RBC loss varied from 164 mL (standard deviation [SD], 189) to 302 mL (SD, 397) (p = 0.66), and no association of calculated RXA concentration with RBC loss was observed. In patients undergoing surgery with high expected blood loss, we found a significant correlation of calculated RXA concentration with RBC loss (Pearson's correlation coefficient, 0.29; p = 0.002). RBC loss increased with rising RXA concentration from 575 mL (SD, 365) at RXA concentration of 20 μg/L or less up to 1400 mL (SD, 1300) at RXA concentration greater than 100 μg/L. RXA concentration greater than 100 μg/L was associated with a significant increase of in RBC loss of 840 mL (95% confidence interval, 360‐1300; p < 0.001). Transfusion of RBC and fresh frozen plasma units tended to increase in patients with RXA concentrations greater than 100 μg/L. The proportion of patients treated with prothrombin complex concentrate and coagulation factor XIII concentrate increased significantly with higher RXA concentrations.CONCLUSIONOnly in surgery with high expected blood loss, a calculated RXA concentration of greater than 100 μg/L was associated with a significant increase of perioperative RBC loss.
Serum protein concentrations and protein fractions in clinically healthy Italian Heavy Draft Horses using agarose gel electrophoresis
Authors: Miglio Arianna , Morelli Chiara , Maresca Carmen , Felici Andrea , Di Gianbattista Andrea , Antognoni Maria Teresa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSerum protein electrophoresis (SPE) reference intervals (RIs) have been evaluated in different horses, but no specific values are shown for equine breeds as previously described in other species (dogs, cats), and no studies have been performed on SPE in draft horses.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine RIs for SPE in heavy draft horses (Italian Heavy Draft Horse‐IHDH) living in central Italy. A comparison between different physiologic states (pregnancy and no pregnancy) and ages (foals and adults) was executed.Materials and MethodsBlood samples were collected from 215 apparently healthy horses (mares, stallions, and foals). SPE (total proteins, albumin, α1‐, α2‐, β1‐, β2‐, and γ‐fractions, A/G) was evaluated in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia. RIs were determined using well‐described, modern analytical and statistical methods. The normality of distributions was assessed using the Anderson‐Darling test. Differences between subgroups were evaluated using the Mann‐Whitney U test. A P < .05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses.ResultsOur results showed that IHDHs had increases in TPs and the α2‐, β1‐, β2‐, and γ‐fractions, and decreases in albumin, α1‐globulins, and A/G ratios compared with the data reported in other horses. We also found that foals had significantly higher α1‐globulins and significantly lower albumin concentrations, and A/G ratios compared with those of the adult horses.ConclusionsIn the present study, SPE RIs using agarose gels have been determined for the first time in a large number of draft horses (represented by IHDH). The obtained results provide a basis for the further investigation of equine breeds with natural breeding, and the impact of age and physiologic states on SPE.
Do prevalence rates and severity of acquired urinary incontinence differ between dogs spayed by laparoscopy or laparotomy? Comparing apples with apples with a matched‐pair cohort study
Authors: Lutz Katharina‐M. , Hartnack Sonja , Reichler Iris M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the prevalence rates and severity of acquired urinary incontinence (AUI) between dogs spayed with laparoscopic and open laparotomy approaches.Study designRetrospective matched‐pair cohort study.AnimalsIn total, 1285 privately owned dogs spayed >5 years previously were included in the study.MethodsLaparoscopically spayed dogs were matched with dogs spayed by traditional laparotomy. Matching variables were breed, bodyweight, age at spaying, time of spaying in relation to the onset of puberty, time interval since spaying, and age. In 400 matched‐paired dogs, the outcome of AUI was assessed by using an owner questionnaire. A conditional logistic regression for matched pairs was performed on the data of 308 dogs.ResultsAmong 308 dogs, 30 and 29 dogs spayed by laparotomy and laparoscopy, respectively, were affected by AUI. The identified risk factors for AUI were age and time interval since spaying. The surgical approach (laparoscopy or laparotomy) was neither revealed as a risk factor nor did it influence the severity of AUI.ConclusionThe risk of AUI after spaying is not influenced by the surgical approach, (laparoscopy or laparotomy). Nearly every fifth dog spayed by laparotomy or by laparoscopy was affected by AUI. A relatively longer time interval since spaying and increased age of the dog increased the risk for AUI.Clinical significanceOwners of dogs with a predisposition for AUI must be counseled about this risk when they present their dogs for spaying, regardless of surgical approach chosen.
Multiple species of grayling (Thymallussp.) found in sympatry in a remote tributary of the Amur River
Authors: Weiss Steven , Secci‐Petretto Giulia , Antonov Alexander , Froufe Elsa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLarge‐scale phenotypic and genetic studies of the salmonid genusThymallus(grayling) in the Palaearctic suggest that most major phylogeographic lineages represent good biological species. Evaluating such a premise in areas involved in palaeo‐hydrological dynamics where multiple species are found in sympatry should serve to assess the level of reproductive isolation, the traditionalsine qua nonof species recognition. Molecular sequence (mtDNA) and microsatellite (nDNA, seven loci) analysis of grayling in the upper Bureya River watershed support the occurrence of three distinctive species of grayling living in sympatry in this large oligotrophic tributary of the Amur River. One of these lineages is primarily found throughout the Lena River basin and is recognized as Baikal‐Lena graylingThymallus baicalolenensis; the second, the upper Amur graylingThymallus grubiiis found over large areas of the Amur catchment including the entire headwater region; and the third, the Bureya graylingThymallus burejensisis endemic to the study area. A limited number of hybrids were identified, primarily between Baikal‐Lena graylingT. baicalolenensisand Bureya graylingT. burejensiswith little to no signs of introgression among non‐hybrid individuals. Morphological distinctiveness among populations of these species living in sympatry was greater than between populations living in allopatry, suggesting character displacement. Divergence estimates among taxa range up to 6.2 MY, and allopatric origins for all three species’ is suggested. To our knowledge, this is the first data‐based confirmation of three species of grayling living in sympatry.
Limit State Analyses in Design of Thin-Walled Marine Structures—Some Aspects on Length-Scales
Authors: Romanoff Jani , Remes Heikki , Varsta Petri , Reinaldo Goncalves Bruno , Körgesaar Mihkel , Lillemäe-Avi Ingrit , Jelovica Jasmin , Liinalampi Sami 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper gives an overview of the factors that affect the strength and structural design of advanced thin-walled marine structures with reduced plate thickness or alternative topologies to those used today in the marine industry. Due to production-induced initial deformations and resulting geometrical non-linearity, the classical division between primary, secondary, and tertiary responses becomes strongly coupled. Volume-averaged, non-linear response of structural element can be used to define the structural stress–strain relation that enables analysis at the next, larger, length scale. This, today’s standard homogenization process, needs to be complemented with localization, where the stresses are assessed at the details, such as welds for fatigue analysis. Due to this, the production-induced initial distortions need to be considered with high accuracy. Another key question is the length-scale interaction in terms of continuum description. Non-classical continuum mechanics are needed when consecutive scales are close. Strain-gradients are used to increase the accuracy of the kinematical description of beams, plates, and shells. The paper presents examples of stiffened and sandwich panels covering limit states such as fatigue, non-linear buckling, and fracture.
Deep Learning Toward Autonomous Ship Navigation and Possible COLREGs Failures
Authors: Perera Lokukaluge P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A structured technology framework to address navigation considerations, including collision avoidance, of autonomous ships is the focus of this study. That consists of adequate maritime technologies to achieve the required level of navigation integrity in ocean autonomy. Since decision-making facilities in future autonomous vessels can play an important role under ocean autonomy, these technologies should consist of adequate system intelligence. Such system intelligence should consider localized decision-making modules to facilitate a distributed intelligence type strategy that supports distinct navigation situations in future vessels as agent-based systems. The main core of this agent consists of deep learning type technology that has presented promising results in other transportation systems, i.e., self-driving cars. Deep learning can capture helmsman behavior; therefore, such system intelligence can be used to navigate future autonomous vessels. Furthermore, an additional decision support layer should also be developed to facilitate deep learning-type technologies, where adequate solutions to distinct navigation situations can be facilitated. Collision avoidance under situation awareness, as one of such distinct navigation situations (i.e., a module of the decision support layer), is extensively discussed. Ship collision avoidance is regulated by the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) under open sea areas. Hence, a general overview of the COLREGs and its implementation challenges, i.e., possible regulatory failures, under situation awareness of autonomous ships is also presented with the possible solutions. Additional considerations, i.e., performance standards with the applicable limits of liability, terms, expectations, and conditions, toward evaluating ship behavior as an agent-based system in collision avoidance situations are also illustrated.
Scale Effects on Heave Plates for Semi-Submersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: Case Study With a Solid Plain Plate
Authors: Bezunartea-Barrio Ana , Fernandez-Ruano Sergio , Maron-Loureiro Adolfo , Molinelli-Fernandez Enrique , Moreno-Buron Francisco , Oria-Escudero Julio , Rios-Tubio José , Soriano-Gomez Cristina , Valea-Peces Alvaro , Lopez-Pavon Carlos , Souto-Iglesias Antonio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the case of SPAR or semi-submersible platforms for floating wind turbines, it is beneficial in some cases to use heave plates that reduce their heave motion amplitude and/or tune their heave natural period. As part of the Hiprwind project, it was decided to study scale effects on the hydrodynamics of this element. To this aim, models of one leg of the platform, equipped with a heave plate without any reinforcements, were built. This model is a simplified representation of the actual one, which incorporates a vertical flap on the heave plate edge. The scales were 1:20, 1:27.6, and 1:45.45, with the former leading to added mass values of the order of 300 kg, becoming one of the largest models for which experiments with heave oscillations have been carried out. Decay tests starting from various amplitudes and forced oscillations tests for a range of frequencies and amplitudes were performed. It is shown in the paper that the influence of the scale factor on the hydrodynamic coefficients is weaker than the effect that the motion amplitude (characterized with the Keulegan–Carpenter (KC) number produces in them. This result is relevant because the selection of a representative KC is an important and somewhat arbitrary aspect to be set in the linear potential simulation codes in order to add viscous damping. What has been shown herein is that a right selection of KC has a larger impact on the models than the uncertainties due to eventual scale effects in the heave-plates dynamics.