bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of negative feedback in multipoint nanosecond corona discharge
Authors: Ponizovskiy Alexander Z 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The results of studies on the use of low-temperature non-equilibrium plasma for the generation of ozone (O3) in air and oxygen are presented. The results were obtained at facilities called plasma ozonators (PO), in which O3 was generated by means of a nanosecond pulsed streamer corona discharge (NCD). The NCD was created in reactor chambers consisting of coaxially arranged high-voltage multi-pointed and grounded tubular electrodes. The high-voltage electrode was supplied with a pulse voltage generated by a three-stage Fitch frequency generator. The experiments used three types of PO with a capacity of 1–6 kW. The range of pulse amplitude was 50–75 kV, of pulse front duration was 150–250 ns, of pulse duration was 300–500 ns and of pulse repetition rate was 100–1000 Hz. The air flow through the PO varied from 10 to 1500 m3 h−1. It has been established that the NCD is a system with negative feedback (NFE). The effect of NFE is that O3 production with the help of NCD leads to a sharp decrease in corona streamer currents and energy introduced into the gas. Due to the effect of NFE with increasing O3 concentration, the efficiency of its operating time in PO decreases by 3–4 times. A possible mechanism of the NFE effect, which is uniquely related to the structure of the nanosecond streamer corona, is discussed.
Spin dynamics at interfaces on femtosecond timescales
Authors: Eschenlohr A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The excitation of magnetically ordered materials with ultrashort laser pulses results in magnetization dynamics on femto- to picosecond timescales. These non-equilibrium spin dynamics have emerged as a rapidly developing research field in recent years. Unraveling the fundamental microscopic processes in the interaction of ultrashort optical pulses with the charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom in magnetic materials shows the potential for controlling spin dynamics on their intrinsic timescales and thereby bring spintronics applications into the femtosecond range. In particular, femtosecond spin currents offer fascinating new possibilities to manipulate magnetization in an ultrafast and non-local manner, via spin injection and spin transfer torque at the interfaces of ferromagnetic layered structures. This topical review covers recent progress on spin dynamics at interfaces on femtosecond time scales. The development of the field of ultrafast spin dynamics in ferromagnetic heterostructures will be reviewed, starting from spin currents propagating on nanometer length scales through layered structures before focusing on femtosecond spin transfer at interfaces. The properties of these ultrafast spin-dependent charge currents will be discussed, as well as the materials dependence of femtosecond spin injection, the role of the interface properties, and competing microscopic processes leading to a loss of spin polarization on sub-picosecond timescales.
Uncertainty assessment of the Ring of Fire concept for on-site aerodynamic drag evaluation
Authors: Spoelstra A , Hirsch M , Sciacchitano A , Scarano F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Ring of Fire (RoF) measurement concept to perform on-site experiments of aerodynamic drag for transiting objects is investigated with a study that identifies the main sources of uncertainty.
The main contributors to the uncertainty of the drag measurement are examined for the case of a cyclist riding through the measurement domain. A sensitivity analysis is conducted that assesses how the estimated drag is affected by the choice of particle image velocimetry image processing parameters. The size of the cross-section considered in the control volume formulation is also investigated. It is found that the accuracy of the estimated drag depends on the procedure used to detect the edge of the momentum deficit region in the wake. Moreover imposing mass conservation yields the most accurate drag measurements. The drag estimation has little dependence upon the spatial resolution of the measurement as long as the interrogation window size stays within 5% to 25% of the equivalent diameter of the object cross section. Experiments are conducted in a sport-hall, where the aerodynamic drag estimates from the RoF are compared to a conventional torque power meter installed on the bicycle, and different rider’s postures as well as equipment variations are considered. Although the discrepancy in the absolute value of drag can be as high as 20%, power metering and RoF agree within 4% on relative drag variations.
DNA rearrangement on the octadecylamine modified graphite surface by heating and ultrasonic treatment
Authors: Xiong Xiaolu , Han Junfeng , Chen Yu , Li Shanshan , Xiao Wende , Shi Qingfan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The evolution of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) assembly on octadecylamine (ODA) modified highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface by heating and ultrasonic treatment has been studied for the first time. We have observed that DNA on the ODA coated HOPG surface underwent dramatic morphological changes as a function of heating and ultrasonic treatment. Ordered DNA firstly changed to random aggregates by heating and then changed to three-dimensional (3D) networks by ultrasonic treatment. This finding points to previously unknown factors that impact graphite–DNA interaction and opens new opportunities to control the deposition of DNA onto graphitic substrates. In this way, we built a cost-effective method to produce large-scale 3D ssDNA networks. All of these studies pave the way to understand the properties of DNA–solid interface, design novel nanomaterials, and improve the sensitivity of DNA biosensors.
Fabrication of AZ91D/Cu/Mg2Cu and AZ91D/Mg2Cu/MgCu2/MgO in-situ hybrid surface nanocomposites via friction stir processing
Authors: Farghadani Mahdie , Karimzadeh Fathollah , Enayati Mohammad Hossein , Naghshehkesh Nastaran , Ostovari Moghaddam Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this study, in situ surface nanocomposites based on Mg-CuO and Mg-Cu systems were developed via six passes of friction stir processing (FSP) on the surface of AZ91 magnesium casting alloy. In-situ phase evolution during FSP with the addition of Cu and CuO micro-powders was studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and microstructural investigations. Here, AZ91/Cu nanocomposite was reinforced by the in situ formation of Mg2Cu intermetallic compound. In AZ91/CuO nanocomposite, CuO particles were reduced and MgO and MgCu2 reinforcing particles alongside Mg2Cu intermetallic compounds were formed during FSP. Grain refinement and in situ formation of reinforcement particles with different sizes ranging from nano- to micro-scale significantly improved mechanical performance of the specimens. Dynamic recrystallization was found to be the main mechanism of grain refinement. After six passes of FSP, the hardness values of AZ91/Cu and AZ91/CuO nanocomposites were increased by 69.1% and 91%, respectively. Besides, AZ91/CuO nanocomposite exhibited the best tensile strength and wear resistance among all the samples. The dominant wear mechanisms were abrasive and delamination wear in AZ91 magnesium alloy, while nanocomposite specimens were worn mainly by abrasive mechanism.
Simultaneous Identification of Cell of Origin, Translocations, and Hotspot Mutations in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Using a Single RNA-Sequencing Assay
Authors: Crotty Rory , Hu Krista , Stevenson Kristen , Pontius Maggie Y , Sohani Aliyah R , Ryan Russell J H , Rueckert Erroll , Brauer Heather A , Hudson Briana , Berlin Aaron M , Rodenbaugh Matt , Licon Abel , Haimes Josh , Iafrate A John , Nardi Valentina , Louissaint Abner 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a heterogenous genetic landscape that can require multiple assays to characterize. We reviewed a 1-step RNA-based assay to determine cell of origin (COO), detect translocations, and identify mutations and to assess the role of the assay in diagnosis.

Methods
Using a single custom Archer FusionPlex Lymphoma panel, we performed anchored multiplex polymerase chain reaction–based RNA sequencing on 41 cases of de novo DLBCL. Each case was subclassified by COO, and gene fusions and hotspot mutations were identified. The findings were then compared with COO classification by the Hans immunohistochemical algorithm and NanoString technology, cytogenetics, and fluorescence in situ hybridization results.

Results
Concordant COO classification by the FusionPlex panel and NanoString was observed in 35 of 41 cases (85.3%), with NanoString and Hans concordant in 33 of 41 cases (80.5%) and FusionPlex and Hans concordant in 33 of 41 cases (80.5%). The FusionPlex assay also detected 6 of 11 BCL6 translocations (4 cryptic), 2 of 3 BCL2 translocations, and 2 of 4 MYC translocations. Mutations were detected in lymphoma-related genes in 24 of 41 cases.

Conclusion
This FusionPlex assay offers a single method for COO classification, mutation detection, and identification of important translocations in DLBCL. Although not replacing traditional testing, it could offer useful data when limited tissue is available
Characteristics Associated With Nonreceipt of Surveillance Testing and the Relationship With Survival in Stage II and III Colon Cancer
Authors: Hines Robert B , Jiban Md Jibanul Haque , Lee Eunkyung , Odahowski Cassie L , Wallace Audrey S , Adams Spencer J E , Rahman Saleh M M , Zhang Shunpu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigated characteristics of patients with colon cancer that predicted nonreceipt of posttreatment surveillance testing and the subsequent associations between surveillance status and survival outcomes. This was a retrospective cohort study of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database combined with Medicare claims. Patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2009 with disease stages II and III and who were between 66 and 84 years of age were eligible. A minimum of 3 years’ follow-up was required, and patients were categorized as having received any surveillance testing (any testing) versus none (no testing). Poisson regression was used to obtain risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the relative likelihood of No Testing. Cox models were used to obtain subdistribution hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for 5- and 10-year cancer-specific and noncancer deaths. There were 16,009 colon cancer cases analyzed. Patient characteristics that predicted No Testing included older age, Black race, stage III disease, and chemotherapy. Patients in the No Testing group had an increased rate of 10-year cancer death that was greater for patients with stage III disease (subdistribution hazard ratio = 1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.48, 2.17) than those with stage II disease (subdistribution hazard ratio = 1.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 1.66). Greater efforts are needed to ensure all patients receive the highest quality medical care after diagnosis of colon cancer.
Metabolic and behavioral adaptations of greater white-toothed shrews to urban conditions
Authors: Oliveira Flávio G , Mathias Maria da Luz , Rychlik Leszek , Tapisso Joaquim T , von Merten Sophie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The global trend of urbanization is creating novel challenges for many animal species. Studies investigating behavioral differences between rural and urban populations often report a general increase in risk-taking behaviors in urban populations. According to the most common energy management model (the performance model), behaviors that increase access to resources, such as aggression and boldness, and behaviors that consume net energy, like locomotion and stress responses, are both positively correlated to resting metabolic rate (RMR). Thus, we expect urban populations to not only exhibit a higher level of risk-taking behavior but also a higher RMR. However, these interactions remain poorly investigated. Our main goal was to analyze the relationship between RMR and risk-taking behaviors in the greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) in rural versus urban populations. Trapped shrews were brought to captivity where we measured RMR, boldness, and exploration rate three times in each individual. Our findings revealed that urban shrews were indeed bolder and more exploratory, but contrary to our expectations, their RMR was lower than that of rural shrews. This is likely explained by differences in the environmental conditions of these two habitats, such as higher ambient temperatures and/or lower prey availability in cities. When looking at each population separately, this relationship remained similar: urban shrews with a higher RMR were less bold, and rural shrews with a higher RMR showed a lower exploration rate. We conclude that the energetic strategy of C. russula is dependent on the environmental and observational context and cannot be explained by the performance model.
A Double-blind, Randomized Trial to Evaluate Miltefosine and Topical Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania braziliensis in Brazil
Authors: Machado Paulo R L , Prates Fernanda V O , Boaventura Viviane , Lago Tainã , Guimarães Luiz H , Schriefer Albert , Corte Temis W F , Penna Gerson , Barral Aldina , Barral-Netto Manoel , Carvalho Edgar M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Brazil using pentavalent antimony (Sbv) is associated with a high rate of failure. Miltefosine has proven efficacy for CL caused by L. braziliensis, with a cure rate (CR) of 75%. A combined treatment with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and miltefosine could increase CR and decrease healing time.

Methods
A randomized, double-blind clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of miltefosine combined with topical GM-CSF (M + GM) vs miltefosine and placebo (M + P) vs Sbv in 133 patients with CL caused by L. braziliensis in Bahia, Brazil.

Results
The final CR at 180 days after the initiation of treatment was 44.4% in the Sbv group, 76.6% in the M + P group (P = .003 vs Sbv), and 75.6% in the M + GM group (P = .004 vs Sbv). The median healing time for cure was 102 days for the Sbv group and 60 days for both miltefosine groups (P = .0009). During the 6-month follow-up period, 4 relapses were documented: 1 in the Sbv group, 1 in the M + P group, and 2 in the M + GM group. Mild adverse events occurred in 65% of patients from the Sbv group, 76% and 79% from the M + P and M + GM groups respectively.

Conclusions
Miltefosine is more effective than Sbv for the treatment of CL caused by L. braziliensis in Brazil and accelerates the healing time. Association with GM-CSF does not improve therapeutic outcome.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03023111.
Economic Evaluation of Screening Interventions for Drug-induced Liver Injury
Authors: Moed Saundria , Suprenant Mark , Odjidja Emmanuel Nene , Meguid Tarek , Zaman Muhammad H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB) continue to be a significant global burden, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While much progress has been made in treating these epidemics, this has led to a rise in liver complications, as patients on ARTs and anti-TBs are at an increased risk of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Therefore, patients on these medicines require consistent screening of liver function. Due to logistical barriers, gold standard DILI screening fails to be executed at the point-of-care in LMICs. For this reason, we used cost-effectiveness analysis to gauge the efficacy of a paper-test that could be implemented in these settings.

Methods
We used a Markov Model to simulate HIV and TB coinfected patient care in LMICs using both publicly available data and data from Village Health Works in Burundi. We compared the cost-effectiveness of two screening interventions for liver function monitoring: 1. paper-based point-of-care testing, and 2. gold-standard laboratory testing. These interventions were compared against baseline clinical monitoring.

Results
The paper test showed a 56% increase in efficacy over clinical monitoring alone. The paper-test is more cost-effective than the gold-standard method, at a ceiling cost of $1.60 per test.

Conclusions
With this information, policy makers can be informed as to the large potential value of paper-based tests when gold standard monitoring is not achievable. Scientists and engineers should also keep these analyses in mind and while in development limit the cost of an ALT screening test to $1.60.
Color Data v2: a user-friendly, open-access database with hereditary cancer and hereditary cardiovascular conditions datasets
Authors: Berger Mark J , Williams Hannah E , Barrett Ryan , Zimmer Anjali D , McKennon Wendy , Hong Huy , Ginsberg Jeremy , Zhou Alicia Y , Neben Cynthia L 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Publicly available genetic databases promote data sharing and fuel scientific discoveries for the prevention, treatment and management of disease. In 2018, we built Color Data, a user-friendly, open access database containing genotypic and self-reported phenotypic information from 50 000 individuals who were sequenced for 30 genes associated with hereditary cancer. In a continued effort to promote access to these types of data, we launched Color Data v2, an updated version of the Color Data database. This new release includes additional clinical genetic testing results from more than 18 000 individuals who were sequenced for 30 genes associated with hereditary cardiovascular conditions as well as polygenic risk scores for breast cancer, coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. In addition, we used self-reported phenotypic information to implement the following four clinical risk models: Gail Model for 5-year risk of breast cancer, Claus Model for lifetime risk of breast cancer, simple office-based Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score for 10-year risk of coronary heart disease and CHARGE-AF simple score for 5-year risk of atrial fibrillation. These new features and capabilities are highlighted through two sample queries in the database. We hope that the broad dissemination of these data will help researchers continue to explore genotype–phenotype correlations and identify novel variants for functional analysis, enabling scientific discoveries in the field of population genomics.
Database URL: https://data.color.com/
PRECISE-DAPT score for bleeding risk prediction in patients on dual or single antiplatelet regimens: insights from the GLOBAL LEADERS and GLASSY
Authors: Gragnano Felice , Heg Dik , Franzone Anna , McFadden Eugène P , Leonardi Sergio , Piccolo Raffaele , Vranckx Pascal , Branca Mattia , Serruys Patrick W , Benit Edouard , Liebetrau Christoph , Janssens Luc , Ferrario Maurizio , Zurakowski Aleksander , Diletti Roberto , Dominici Marcello , Huber Kurt , Slagboom Ton , Buszman Paweł , Bolognese Leonardo , Tumscitz Carlo , Bryniarski Krzysztof , Aminian Adel , Vrolix Mathias , Petrov Ivo , Garg Scot , Naber Christoph , Prokopczuk Janusz , Hamm Christian , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Jüni Peter , Windecker Stephan , Valgimigli Marco 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
The five-item PRECISE-DAPT, integrating age, haemoglobin, white-blood-cell count, creatinine clearance, and prior bleeding, predicts bleeding risk in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after stent implantation. We sought to assess whether the bleeding risk prediction offered by the PRECISE-DAPT remains valid among patients receiving ticagrelor monotherapy from 1 month onwards after coronary stenting instead of standard DAPT and having or not having centrally adjudicated bleeding endpoints.

Methods and results
The PRECISE-DAPT was calculated in 14 928 and 7134 patients from GLOBAL LEADERS and GLASSY trials, respectively. The ability of the score to predict Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 or 5 bleeding was assessed and compared among patients on ticagrelor monotherapy (experimental strategy) or standard DAPT (reference strategy) from 1 month after drug-eluting stent implantation. Bleeding endpoints were investigator-reported or centrally adjudicated in GLOBAL LEADERS and GLASSY, respectively. At 2 years, the c-indexes for the score among patients treated with the experimental or reference strategy were 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63–0.71] vs. 0.63 (95% CI: 0.59–0.67) in GLOBAL LEADERS (P = 0.27), and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.61–0.73) vs. 0.66 (95% CI: 0.61–0.72) in GLASSY (P = 0.88). Decision curve analysis showed net benefit using the PRECISE-DAPT to guide bleeding risk assessment under both treatment strategies. Results were consistent between investigator-reported and adjudicated endpoints and using the simplified four-item PRECISE-DAPT.

Conclusion
The PRECISE-DAPT offers a prediction model that proved similarly effective to predict clinically relevant bleeding among patients on ticagrelor monotherapy from 1 month after coronary stenting compared with standard DAPT and appears to be unaffected by the presence or absence of adjudicated bleeding endpoints.
mHealth adoption among primary care physicians in Malaysia and its associated factors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lim Hooi Min , Dunn Adam G , Muhammad Firdaus Ooi Sakinah , Teo Chin Hai , Abdullah Adina , Woo Wing Jun , Ng Chirk Jenn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
mHealth apps potentially improve health care delivery and patient outcomes, but the uptake of mHealth in primary care is challenging, especially in low–middle-income countries.

Objective
To measure factors associated with mHealth adoption among primary care physicians (PCPs) in Malaysia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted among PCPs. The usage of mHealth apps by the PCPs has divided into the use of mHealth apps to support PCPs’ clinical work and recommendation of mHealth apps for patient’s use. Factors associated with mHealth adoption were analysed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Among 217 PCPs in the study, 77.0% used mHealth apps frequently for medical references, 78.3% medical calculation and 30.9% interacting with electronic health records (EHRs). Only 22.1% of PCPs frequently recommended mHealth apps to patients for tracking health information, 22.1% patient education and 14.3% use as a medical device. Performance expectancy and facilitating conditions were associated with mHealth use for medical references. Family medicine trainees, working in a government practice and performance expectancy were the facilitators for the use of mHealth apps for medical calculation. Internet connectivity, performance expectancy and use by colleagues were associated with the use of mHealth with EHR. Performance expectancy was associated with mHealth apps’ recommendation to patients to track health information and provide patient education.

Conclusions
PCPs often used mHealth apps to support their clinical work but seldom recommended mHealth apps to their patients. Training for PCPs is needed on the appraisal and knowledge of the mHealth apps for patient use.