bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time variability and uncertainty in the fraction of young water in a small headwater catchment
Authors: Stockinger Michael Paul , Bogena Heye Reemt , Lücke Andreas , Stumpp Christine , Vereecken Harry 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The time precipitation needs to travel through a
catchment to its outlet is an important descriptor of a catchment's
susceptibility to pollutant contamination, nutrient loss, and hydrological
functioning. The fast component of total water flow can be estimated by the
fraction of young water (Fyw), which is the percentage of streamflow younger
than 3 months. Fyw is calculated by comparing the amplitudes of sine
waves fitted to seasonal precipitation and streamflow tracer signals. This
is usually done for the complete tracer time series available, neglecting
annual differences in the amplitudes of longer time series. Considering
inter-annual amplitude differences, we employed a moving time window of
1 year in weekly time steps over a 4.5-year δ18O
tracer time series to calculate 189 Fyw estimates and their uncertainty.
They were then tested against the following null hypotheses: (1) at least
90 % of Fyw results do not deviate more than ±0.04 (4 %) from the
mean of all Fyw results, indicating long-term invariance. Larger deviations
would indicate changes in the relative contribution of different flow paths;
(2) for any 4-week window, Fyw does not change more than ±0.04,
indicating short-term invariance. Larger deviations would indicate a high
sensitivity of Fyw to a 1-week to 4-week shift in the start of a 1-year sampling
campaign; (3) the Fyw results of 1-year sampling campaigns started in a
given calendar month do not change more than ±0.04, indicating
seasonal invariance. In our study, all three null hypotheses were rejected.
Thus, the Fyw results were time-variable, showed variability in the chosen
sampling time, and had no pronounced seasonality. We furthermore found
evidence that the 2015 European heat wave and including two winters into a
1-year sampling campaign increased the uncertainty of Fyw. Based on an
increase in Fyw uncertainty when the mean adjusted R2 was
below 0.2, we recommend further investigations into the dependence of Fyw and
its uncertainty to goodness-of-fit measures. Furthermore, while investigated
individual meteorological factors did not sufficiently explain variations of
Fyw, the runoff coefficient showed a moderate negative correlation of r=-0.50 with Fyw. The results of this study suggest that care must be taken
when comparing Fyw of catchments that were based on different calculation
periods and that the influence of extreme events and snow must be
considered.
L’écriture engagée du XXIe siècle : l’autofiction au-delà d’un « mauvais genre »
Authors: Devine Kathryn E. 
Published: October 2019

Cet article explore le rapport entre l’autofiction au XXIème siècle et les mouvements socio-politiques reconceptualisant l’identité en examinant la façon dont ce genre véhicule des commentaires sur les notions de l’altérité, de l’étrangeté, et de l’appartenance. L’étude d’Autoportrait en vert de Marie N’diaye et de Mes mauvaises pensées de Nina Bouraoui démontrent la possibilité de voir dans l’emploi du privé, de l’intime, et du personnel une provocation visant à déclencher une réflexion quant à la dépendance des notions d’identité qui reposent sur des hiérarchies binaires. L’axe principal de cette étude est d’examiner comment cette écriture, en s’auto-référenciant, interroge sa propre évolution, celle du rôle de l’œuvre littéraire et de l’auteur. Elle se penche sur l’emploi de l’autofiction à des fins explicitement politiques, capable de créer un espace littéraire commun — un « territoire » partagé — depuis lequel l’auteur et le lecteur peuvent interroger le rôle attribué aujourd’hui aux marqueurs d’identité et à la notion de différence.
“Practicing the Wild”: Twain and Thoreau at the Lakes
Authors: Baggett J. Mark 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMark Twain's depiction of Lake Tahoe in Chapters 22 and 23 of Roughing It—“the fairest picture the whole earth affords”—has embedded him within Tahoe's history and culture. His descriptions of pristine waters of the lake echo the Transcendental phrasings of Thoreau in “The Ponds” chapter of Walden and fit securely within the nineteenth-century Romantic tradition of wilderness writing. The lakes become important measures of the authors' conceptualizations of the natural world—their “practice of the wild,” in the poet Gary Snyder's terms. Using theoretical applications of wildness, including Thoreau's essay “Walking,” this article argues that neither author's literary imagination reconciles the presence of wildness, ultimately appropriating it as a setting where human activity takes place, and resisting the representation of nature as an organism in a state of constant change. Even Thoreau, after his disorienting climb to the summit of Mount Ktaadn, vows to settle for a more orthodox assimilation of wildness.
Nature in Mark Twain'sPersonal Recollections of Joan of Arc: Pastoralism Revisited
Authors: Louis-Dimitrov Delphine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn its full range, the presence of nature in Mark Twain's Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc has remained largely unexplored. As a site of fictionalization in a narrative that otherwise strongly relies on historiographical material, the treatment of nature nonetheless proves central to the characterization of the heroine, to the construction of a timeless aesthetic sphere in which her childhood is set, and to the understanding of her relationship with history. It also bears the stamp of Mark Twain's imagination and reveals the oft-denied proximity of his 1895–96 historical romance with his other writings. Focusing on the articulation of nature with spirituality and history, this article argues that the narrative reinterprets the myth of the divinely inspired shepherdess and thereby defines an original form of pastoralism that not only fuses existing traditions, but also reaches beyond the tension of nature and history that the genre commonly involves. Through the treatment of Joan's mystic union with nature, the text defines a form of pastoralism in which the retreat into the natural world turns out to be the principle of a renewed commitment to history.
Assesment of morphometric and hydrological properties of smalls watersheds in East Java Regions
Authors: Sujarwo Mohamad Wawan , Indarto Indarto , Wiratama Ega , Teguh Bobby 
Published: October 2019

This paper presents the identification, assessment and visualization of physical, topographic, morphometric and hydrological properties of small watersheds in East Java Regions. About 45 small watersheds were used for the analysis. Physical propertis i.e: soil type layers, land use, etc were obtained by cropping the GIS layers with a watershed boundary. Then the ASTER G-DEM2 was used to derive morphometric properties of the watersheds. Furthermore, hydrological properties are derived statistically by analyzing available rainfall and discharge data. Parameters were selected to represent each watersheds properties. Finally, simple correlation analyses through the selected parameters were used to interpret the relation between physical, topographical, morphometric and hydrological properties of the watersheds. The resut show that some watersheds show the similtarity in certain parameters.Artikel ini menyajikan identifikasi, penilaian dan visualisasi sifat fisik, topografi, morfometrik dan hidrologi daerah aliran sungai kecil di Wilayah Jawa Timur. Empat puluh empat (44) DAS digunakan untuk analisis. Sifat fisik (yaitu, jenis tanah dan penggunaan lahan) diperoleh dengan memotong lapisan GIS dengan batas daerah aliran sungai. Kemudian ASTER G-DEM2 digunakan untuk menurunkan sifat morfometrik daerah aliran sungai. Selain itu, sifat hidrologis diperoleh dengan menganalisis data curah hujan dan debit yang tersedia. Parameter yang dipilih adalah untuk mewakili setiap properti daerah aliran sungai. Akhirnya, korelasi sederhana antara sifat-sifat fisik, topografi, morfometrik, dan hidrologi daerah aliran sungai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa DAS menunjukkan kesamaan dan perbedaan pada parameter morfometrik dan hidrologi.
Model Optimasi Pemeliharaan Jalan Multi Tahun dengan Batasan Anggaran
Authors: Zukhruf Febri , Frazila Russ Bona , Burhani Jzolanda Tsavalista , Samantha Ag Rafika Almira 
Published: October 2019

Pavement maintenance has longtermly been perceived as an essential factor for the road network efficiency and the driver safety. However, these activities involve the challenge issues relating to the pavement aging, the deterioration mechanism, and the available budget constraints. This paper then presents an optimization model for handling the multiyear maintenance programs in the network-level by including budget constraint. The model is developed as a mathematical programming problem, in which the Lagrange relaxation-based procedure is invoked for solving the problem. The numerical examples are also presented for providing the better insight of model application, in which the model could provide not only the multiyear maintenance programs but also the optimum budget allocation by considering the expected roughness performance of road network.Pemeliharaan perkerasan jalan telah lama dianggap sebagai faktor penting dalam menentukan efisiensi jaringan jalan. Namun, kegiatan ini selalu melibatkan tantangan yang berkaitan dengan penuaan perkerasan, mekanisme deteriorasi, dan keterbatasan anggaran yang tersedia. Artikel ini kemudian mengusulkan model optimasi matematika untuk strategi pemeliharaan jalan multi tahun pada level jaringan. Model ini bertugas untuk menentukan jenis kegiatan pemeliharaan dan waktunya dengan tujuan meminimalkan nilai International Roughness Index (IRI) melalui pengoptimalan pemanfaatan alokasi anggaran. Untuk menginvestigasi aplikabilitas dari model ini, eksperimen numerikal dilakukan pada jaringan jalan sederhana. Hasil dari eksperimen tersebut mengindikasikan kemampuan model tidak hanya dapat digunakan untuk merencanakan kegiatan pemeliharaan multi tahun dengan batasan anggaran, akan tetapi juga dapat digunakan untuk memberikan masukan terkiat penentuan alokasi anggaran dengan mengkonsiderasikan performa yang ingin dicapai.
A colaboração fortalecendo a prática
Authors: Cortelini Caroline Machado , Grabauska Claiton José 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo propõe-se compartilhar nossas reflexões e experiências referentes à construção de uma prática colaborativa, apontando a colaboração como categoria orientadora das práticas educativas. Norteamo-nos pelos fundamentos da educação dialógico-problematizadora (Freire, 1988) e na investigação-ação educacional (Carr e Kemmis, 1988), a fim de propor uma perspectiva de educação crítica que se alicerce sobre o diálogo, a colaboração e a auto-reflexão. Aponta-se a colaboração como possibilidade de melhora e transformação das práticas educativas e do resgate do poder profissional. Ressalta-se o papel do professor como intelectual transformador, investigador da sua prática, na busca de compreendê-la, melhorá-la e transformá-la. Assinala-se a investigação-ação educacional como processo de investigação que atua transformativamente no âmbito do trabalho individual e coletivo. Ela cria condições que permitem a constituição de comunidades auto-criticas de investigação, composta por pessoas que participam e colaboram em todas as fases do processo de investigação. Delineamos algumas considerações referentes à prática educativa no sentido de antevermos a possibilidade de através de um processo colaborativo compreendê-las e transformá-las, pensando em transformação social efetiva, a partir da transformação das práticas de grupos organizados.
Comunicación Política en tiempos de Nueva Cultura Política
Authors: Barandiaran Xabier , Unceta Alfonso , Peña Simon 
Published: October 2019

El proceso de globalización y sus manifiestos efectos comunicativos, culturales y políticos están afectando crucialmente a dos conceptos relativamente jóvenes en la investigación académica, en concreto, la Comunicación Política y la Cultura Política. La relación entre estos conceptos es cada vez más interdependiente pues las herramientas y los lenguajes de la Comunicación Política influyen decisivamente en la conformación de la Nueva Cultura Política y, a su vez, la actividad de la ciudadanía a través de las herramientas comunicativas digitales está condicionando la generación de contenidos y la creación de los discursos que toman cuerpo en forma de Comunicación Política.
Creemos que para entender las razones de esta relación es necesario establecer, por un lado, las características de la Nueva Cultura Política y, por la otra, la manera en que las posibilidades que ofrece la tecnología transforman la generación y la transmisión de la Comunicación Política. Posiblemente lo más novedoso de esta relación es que tiene carácter bidireccional, alterando los roles clásicos del proceso comunicativo que distinguía nítidamente entre emisores y receptores. Novedad que constituye una evidencia global y se deja sentir de manera muy similar en el conjunto de las democracias representativas occidentales.
Este trabajo se esfuerza en describir y analizar este escenario emergente que ha tomado cuerpo como otra de las transformaciones que están aconteciendo en las sociedades avanzadas, y en identificar algunas tendencias que, en todo caso, están sometidas al cambio vertiginoso propio de nuestro tiempo.

Palabras Clave: Cultura Política, Desafección, Participación, Comunicación Política, Tecnologías Digitales, Lenguajes Comunicativos.
Automated, phylogeny-based genotype delimitation of the Hepatitis Viruses HBV and HCV
Authors: Serdari Dora , Kostaki Evangelia-Georgia , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Stamatakis Alexandros , Kapli Paschalia 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe classification of hepatitis viruses still predominantly relies on ad hoc criteria, i.e., phenotypic traits and arbitrary genetic distance thresholds. Given the subjectivity of such practices coupled with the constant sequencing of samples and discovery of new strains, this manual approach to virus classification becomes cumbersome and impossible to generalize.MethodsUsing two well-studied hepatitis virus datasets, HBV and HCV, we assess if computational methods for molecular species delimitation that are typically applied to barcoding biodiversity studies can also be successfully deployed for hepatitis virus classification. For comparison, we also used ABGD, a tool that in contrast to other distance methods attempts to automatically identify the barcoding gap using pairwise genetic distances for a set of aligned input sequences.Results—DiscussionWe found that the mPTP species delimitation tool identified even without adapting its default parameters taxonomic clusters that either correspond to the currently acknowledged genotypes or to known subdivision of genotypes (subtypes or subgenotypes). In the cases where the delimited cluster corresponded to subtype or subgenotype, there were previous concerns that their status may be underestimated. The clusters obtained from the ABGD analysis differed depending on the parameters used. However, under certain values the results were very similar to the taxonomy and mPTP which indicates the usefulness of distance based methods in virus taxonomy under appropriate parameter settings. The overlap of predicted clusters with taxonomically acknowledged genotypes implies that virus classification can be successfully automated.
The
N
egishi Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Diner Colin , Organ Michael G. 
Published: October 2019

The Negishi cross‐coupling reaction is a carbon‐carbon bond forming reaction between an organozinc reagent and an organo(pseudo)halide. The reaction has an extremely broad scope and can form bonds between all hybridizations of the reactive carbon atoms in both coupling partners. The reaction tolerates many protic or electrophilic functionalities and is celebrated for its relative ease in forging linkages to heteroarenes. The reaction is generally palladium‐catalyzed but other first‐row metal catalysts can be used effectively in certain cases. Many organozinc reagents are commercially available while others can be made from more reactive organometallics, aryl halides, or by direct zincation of (hetero)arenes.
This chapter covers some of the major breakthroughs since the reaction's inception but mainly focuses on the current state‐of‐the‐art (up to mid‐2017) in cross‐coupling as well as organozinc reagent formation. An overview of the mechanistic features of the reaction for both palladium‐ and nickel‐catalyzed reactions is provided as well as an analysis of the resulting regio‐ and stereoselectivity issues. A summary of the scope of the reaction partners is provided as well as a Tabular Survey providing examples covering the gambit of potential nucleophile/electrophile combinations. A thoughtful selection of examples from the literature along with their experimental procedures, and a comparison of the Negsihi reaction with other cross‐coupling methodologies are also included.
IL‐8 induces transdifferentiation of mature hepatocytes toward the cholangiocyte phenotype
Authors: Sasaki Tokio , Suzuki Yuji , Kakisaka Keisuke , Wang Ting , Ishida Kazuyuki , Suzuki Akiko , Abe Hiroaki , Sugai Tamotsu , Takikawa Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2019

The adult mammalian liver exhibits a remarkable regenerative capacity, with different modes of regeneration according to the type and extent of injury. Hepatocyte–cholangiocyte biphenotypic liver progenitor cell populations appear under conditions of excessive injury. It has been reported that mature hepatocytes can transdifferentiate toward a cholangiocyte phenotype and be a cellular source of progenitor cell populations. Here, we determined that among various plasma cytokines, interleukin (IL)‐8 levels were significantly elevated in acute liver failure and severe acute liver injury patients. In vitro assays revealed that administration of IL‐8 homologues increases the expression of Sry HMG box protein 9 (SOX9). In liver biopsies of acute liver injury patients, we observed the appearance of SOX9‐positive biphenotypic hepatocytes accompanied by elevation of plasma IL‐8 levels. Our results suggest that IL‐8 regulates the phenotypic conversion of mature hepatocytes toward a cholangiocyte phenotype.
The Impact of Exercise, Lifestyle, and Clinical Factors on Perceived Cognitive Function in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shadick Nancy A. , Katz Patricia , Iannaccone Christine I. , Maica Gabriela , Coblyn Jonathan , Weinblatt Michael E. , Cui Jing 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveLifestyle factors, such as inactivity and obesity, contribute to cognitive decline in the general population, but little is known about how these factors may affect individuals with a chronic inflammatory condition such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We studied the clinical and functional risk factors related to a worsening of perceived cognitive function in patients with RA.MethodsWe collected clinical and functional questionnaire data over 10 years in a prospective RA cohort including yearly self‐reported memory, concentration, and word‐finding difficulties graded from “never” to “often.” Generalized estimating equation models examined the role of exercise (defined as those meeting the Department of Health and Human Services physical activity guidelines of 75 minutes of vigorous or 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week), body mass index (BMI), sleep, depression (Mental Health Index‐Depression), Disease Activity Score (DAS)28–c‐reactive protein (CRP)3 score, disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug, and corticosteroid use from the previous year as predictors of cognitive complaints that progressed to “often” compared with the previous year (the first year (Ti) progressed to “often” 1 year later (Ti+1)).ResultsOf 1219 RA subjects, 127 (10.4%) described either poor memory, concentration, or word‐finding difficulties as affecting them “often” at study entry. RA patients (n = 1092, mean age = 56.5 years, 82% female, 58% college educated) were less likely to report word‐finding difficulties, poor memory, and concentration as “often” if they were physically active (p = 0.0001, P = 0.01, P < 0.0001, respectively). Female RA patients developed more concentration complaints compared with males (P = 0.03); patients taking an anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy were less likely to complain of poor memory (P = 0.01). Sleep, BMI, fatigue, depression, DAS28‐CRP3, methotrexate, and corticosteroid use were not independently associated with a worsening of any cognitive complaints.ConclusionRA patients who are physically active are less likely to report cognitive difficulties. Our study suggests potential modifiable risk factors for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction in RA.
Deep‐Subwavelength Holey Acoustic Second‐Order Topological Insulators
Authors: Zhang Zhiwang , Long Houyou , Liu Chen , Shao Chen , Cheng Ying , Liu Xiaojun , Christensen Johan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigher‐order topological insulators (HOTIs) belong to a new class of materials with unusual topological phases. They have garnered considerable attention due to their capabilities in confining energy at the hinges and corners, which is entirely protected by the topology, and have thus become attractive structures for acoustic wave studies and control. However, for most practical applications at audible and low frequencies, compact and subwavelength implementations are desirable in addition to providing robust guiding of sound beyond a single‐frequency operation. Here, a holey HOTI capable of sustaining deeply confined corner states 50 times smaller than the wavelength is proposed. A remarkable resilience of these surface‐confined acoustic states against defects is experimentally observed, and topologically protected sound is demonstrated in three different frequency regimes. Concerning this matter, the findings will thus have the capability to push forward exciting applications for robust acoustic imaging way beyond the diffraction limit.
Stability of PEDOT:PSS‐Coated Gold Electrodes in Cell Culture Conditions
Authors: Dijk Gerwin , Rutz Alexandra L. , Malliaras George G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is widely used as a coating on microelectrode arrays in order to reduce impedance for both in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology. In many applications, electrode performance of months to years is desired; yet, there are few studies to date that examine the long‐term stability of conducting polymers and their devices. Here, the stability of PEDOT:PSS microelectrodes is examined over a period of four months in cell culture media enriched with fetal bovine serum. The electrochemical impedance remains constant for most electrodes throughout the study, and only small changes in the structure of functional electrodes are observed. The results demonstrate that PEDOT:PSS electrodes show adequate stability for a variety of in vitro electrophysiology applications in toxicology, drug development, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of electrically active cells and tissues.