bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal mosaicism detected by karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhong Mei , Zheng Dezhong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo investigate the incidence and clinical significance of chromosomal mosaicism (CM) in prenatal diagnosis by G‐banding karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). This is a single‐centre retrospective study of invasive prenatal diagnosis for CM. From 5758 karyotyping results and 6066 CMA results, 104 foetal cases with CM were selected and analysed further. In total, 50% (52/104) of foetal cases with CM were affected by ultrasound‐detectable phenotypes. Regardless of whether they were singleton or twin pregnancies, isolated structural defects in one system (51.35%, 19/37 in singletons; 86.67%, 13/15 in twins) and a single soft marker (18.92%, 7/37 in singletons; 13.33%, 2/15 in twins) were the most common ultrasound anomalies. Mosaic autosomal trisomy (19.23%, 20/104) was the most frequent type, and its rate was higher in phenotypic foetuses (28.85%, 15/52) than in non‐phenotypic foetuses (9.62%, 5/52). There was no difference in mosaic fractions between phenotypic and non‐phenotypic foetuses based on specimen sources or overall classification. Discordant mosaic results were observed in 16 cases (15.38%, 16/104) from different specimens or different testing methods. Genetic counselling and clinical management regarding CM in prenatal diagnosis remain challenging due to the variable phenotypes and unclear significance. Greater caution should be used in prenatal counselling, and more comprehensive assays involving serial ultrasound examinations, different specimens or testing methods verifications and follow‐up should be applied.
Does the use of microfluidic sperm sorting for the sperm selection improve in vitro fertilization success rates in male factor infertility?
Authors: Ozcan Pinar , Takmaz Taha , Yazici Melis Gökce Kocer , Alagoz Oya Akcin , Yesiladali Mert , Sevket Osman , Ficicioglu Cem 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles in couple with male infertility, where the spermatozoa were selected using either a conventional gradient‐density centrifugation technique or microfluidic sperm sorting.MethodsA total of 181 patients who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) because of male factor infertility at the IVF center of Bezmialem and Yeditepe University Hospital were included in this study. All patients were divided into two groups according to the sperm selection method: group I (n = 91): microfluidic sperm‐sorting chip; group II (n = 90): density‐gradient centrifugation. Data collected included male and female age, type of infertility, duration of infertility, previous IVF attempts, smoking, antral follicle count, total dosage of gonadotropins, maximum estradiol levels, duration of stimulations, endometrial thickness on human chorionic gonadotropin day, total number of oocytes retrieved, number of mature oocytes retrieved, number of pronuclear (PN), sperm parameters, clinical PR and ongoing PR.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in clinical PR and ongoing PR between groups (49.5% vs 40%, P = 0.2; 44% vs 36.7%, P = 0.3; respectively). The improvement in pregnancy rate was more prominent in patients where the female partner's age is higher than 35 (P = 0.09) and men have a total motile sperm count between 1 and 5 million (P < 0.01).ConclusionMicrofluidic devices, “labs‐on‐a‐chip,” are a disposable, easy to use, and inexpensive method for sperm sorting. Our results show that IVF success rates might improve with the use of a microfluidic sperm‐sorting chip for sperm selection in male infertility.
Food Acquisition Practices, Body Mass Index, and Dietary Outcomes by Level of Rurality
Authors: Kegler Michelle C. , Prakash Radhika , Hermstad April , Anderson Kate , Haardörfer Regine , Raskind Ilana G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeRural residents are more likely to be obese than urban residents. Research on how people navigate their local food environments through food acquisition behaviors, such as food shopping and restaurant use, in different types of communities may help to create a deeper understanding of the multilevel determinants of obesity.MethodsData are from a national sample of US adults ages 18‐75. Respondents were recruited from an online survey panel in 2015 and asked about food shopping, restaurant use, diet and weight (N = 3,883). Comparisons were made by level of rurality as assessed by Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC) and self‐reported rurality of the area around their home.FindingsFood acquisition behaviors varied minimally by RUCC‐defined level of rurality, with the exceptions of type and distance to primary food store. Rural residents drove further and were more likely to shop at small grocery stores and supercenters than were residents of semiurban or urban counties. In contrast, all of the food acquisition behaviors varied by self‐reported rurality of residential areas. Respondents living in rural areas shopped for groceries less frequently, drove further, more commonly shopped at small grocery stores and supercenters, and used restaurants less frequently. In multivariable analyses, rural, small town, and suburban areas were each significantly associated with BMI and fruit and vegetable intake, but not percent energy from fat.ConclusionFindings show that self‐reported rurality of residential area is associated with food acquisition behaviors and may partly explain rural‐urban differences in obesity and diet quality.
Orobanchaceae parasite–host interactions
Authors: Mutuku J. Musembi , Cui Songkui , Yoshida Satoko , Shirasu Ken 
Published: November 2020

SummaryParasitic plants in the family Orobanchaceae, such asStriga,OrobancheandPhelipanche, often cause significant damage to agricultural crops. The Orobanchaceae family comprises more than 2000 species in about 100 genera, providing an excellent system for studying the molecular basis of parasitism and its evolution. Notably, the establishment of model Orobanchaceae parasites, such asTriphysaria versicolorandPhtheirospermum japonicum, that can infect the model host Arabidopsis, has greatly facilitated transgenic analyses of genes important for parasitism. In addition, recent genomic and transcriptomic analyses of several Orobanchaceae parasites have revealed fascinating molecular insights into the evolution of parasitism and strategies for adaptation in this family. This review highlights recent progress in understanding how Orobanchaceae parasites attack their hosts and how the hosts mount a defense against the threats.
Modelling of Economic and Financial Conditions for Real‐Time Prediction of Recessions*
Authors: Çakmakli Cem , Dem rcani Hamza , Altug Sumru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method for real‐time prediction of recessions using large sets of economic and financial variables with mixed frequencies. This method combines a dynamic factor model for the extraction of economic and financial conditions together with a tailored Markov regime switching specification for capturing their cyclical behaviour. Unlike conventional methods that estimate a single common cycle governing economic and financial conditions or extract economic and financial cycles in isolation of each other, the model allows for a common cycle which is reflected with potential phase shifts in the financial conditions estimated alongside with other parameters. This, in turn, provides timely recession predictions by enabling efficient modelling of the financial cycle systematically leading the business cycle. We examine the performance of the model using a mixed frequency ragged‐edge data set for Turkey in real time. The results show evidence for the superior predictive power of our specification by signalling oncoming recessions (expansions) as early as 3.6 (3.0) months ahead of the actual realization.
Redirection Using Double Pulley Technique for Snapping Triceps Tendon: A Case Report and Technique Note
Authors: Zhang Baoxiang , Zhang Hao , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundSnapping triceps tendon is an increasingly recognized clinical entity, which is associated with a variety of pathologic factors. The causative factors include inherited structural or developmental variations, post‐traumatic malalignment, and other reasons. The main complaint of patients with snapping lateral triceps are the snapping sensation, mild muscle weakness of elbow extension, with or without tenderness in distal triceps tendon. Many treatment options have been reported previously, including tendon resection and redirection.Case presentationWe present the case of a 19‐year‐old boy with post‐traumatic distal lateral head of triceps tendon dislocation who complained of extension weakness and snapping sensation in his left elbow. Then, we used two‐strand‐overhand locking (TSOL) knot combined with double pulley technique to redirect the snapping triceps tendon.ConclusionThe patient recovered well after the operation without complaining of discomfort. This fixing and redirection tendon technique, described previously for repairing rotator cuff tears, may be applied in a similar fashion for the snapping triceps tendon with promising clinical results.
Heterotopic Ossification after Arthroscopic Elbow Release
Authors: Yang Chao‐qun , Hu Jun‐sheng , Xu Jian‐guang , Lu Jiu‐zhou 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the incidence and risk factors of heterotopic ossification (HO) after arthroscopic elbow release.MethodsThe present study included 101 elbows, with arthroscopic release performed on 98 patients over the 5‐year period from November 2011 to December 2015. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1, with elbow arthritis, including 46 elbows in 43 patients; group 2, with posttraumatic extrinsic elbow stiffness (without intraarticular adhesion), including 23 elbows in 23 patients; and group 3, with intrinsic contractures (with intraarticular adhesion), including 32 elbows in 32 patients. Arthroscopic elbow release was performed under general anesthesia. For intrinsic stiffness, a radiofrequency device was applied to release intraarticular scar tissue and create work space, which was rarely necessary in groups 1 and 2. In the postoperative period, X‐rays and CT scans were assessed at follow up to determine if there was HO formation, which was diagnosed when new calcifications were identified. The functional recovery was evaluated by comparing the range of motion (ROM) and pain relief preoperativley and postoperatively in each group. Other complications were also assessed postoperatively.ResultsThe patients’ mean age was 38.6 years (range, 12–66), with 57 males and 41 females. Mean follow‐up was 21 months (range, 4–56). The active ROM and Mayo elbow performance index (MEPS) were improved from 93° ± 8.3° to 126° ± 12.4° (P < 0.05) and 71.4 ± 7.6 to 91.3 ± 8.7 (P < 0.001) in group 1, 66° ± 10.3° to 121° ± 10.7° (P < 0.005) and 65.6 ± 9.2 to 93.5 ± 11.2 (P < 0.05) in group 2, and 46° ± 6.7° to 91° ± 11.1° (P < 0.001) and 52.3 ± 6.4 to 80.6 ± 9.4 (P < 0.005) in group 3. HO developed in 25/101 cases (25%) and 4 patients with severe cases underwent repeat surgery. Those in group 1 were primarily arthritis patients; there were 3 out 46 cases with minor HO evident on X‐ray. In group 2, 1/23 had minor HO. In group 3, 21/32 patients had HO; 4 cases were considered severe, 4 were considered moderate, and 13 were considered minor. The average flexion–extension arc was improved by 47° at the last follow up. Other postoperative complications included 8 cases of prolonged drainage from portal sites, 17 transient nerve palsies, 1 permanent radial nerve injury, and 1 patient who developed delayed‐onset ulnar neuritis. This patient was fully recovered 5 months after surgery.ConclusionsThe high incidence of HO formation after arthroscopic elbow release may relate to improper application of a radiofrequency device. Minimizing thermal injury from these radiofrequency devices could reduce HO formation and improve postoperative functional recovery.
Validity and repeatability of the Pediatric Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes (AQUAped) for the screening of atopy
Authors: Fasola Salvatore , Ferrante Giuliana , Malizia Velia , Bommarito Noemi , Del Giacco Stefano , Bonini Matteo , Baiardini Ilaria , Bellafiore Marianna , La Grutta Stefania 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh atopy prevalence has been reported in athletes. Having an age‐specific questionnaire for predicting atopy is important for an optimal management of young athletes. The study objectives were as follows: (i) developing a scoring system for the Pediatric Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes (AQUAped); (ii) identifying the optimal age target within the range 7‐14 years; (iii) assessing AQUAped validity and repeatability in the identified target population.MethodsA total of 133 young athletes (age 7‐14 years) were recruited. Following a screening visit, the participants filled AQUAped at baseline (T0) and after 7 days (T1), concomitantly undergoing skin prick testing. Using atopy as the gold standard (positivity to ≥1 aeroallergen), the 12 core items were scored based on their likelihood ratios, and a total score was calculated. The optimal cut‐off was identified based on the Youden's criterion. The repeatability of AQUAped was assessed through the intra‐cluster correlation coefficient (ICC). The optimal age target was identified as the largest age range associated with an acceptable cross‐validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ≥ 0.70) and an excellent ICC (≥0.75).ResultsForty (30%) children were atopic; the optimal age target was 10‐14 years (cross‐validated AUC = 0.70, ICC = 0.81). AQUAped total score ranged from −26 to 75, and only 5% of non‐atopic children had AQUAped ≥ 24. AQUAped ≥ 2 had 82% specificity, 60% sensitivity, and 74% overall accuracy.ConclusionDeveloping and testing a scoring system for AQUAped showed that it is a valid and reliable tool for the screening of atopy in young athletes aged 10‐14 years.
Reasons‐sensitivity and degrees of free will
Authors: Kaiserman Alex 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSome actions are free and others are not. But free will also comes in degrees. This paper offers a novel account of degrees of free will, taking as its starting point the idea that an action is free to the extent to which the agent was sensitive, in acting, to reasons for or against performing that action. Though lip service is often paid to the idea that reasons‐sensitivity comes in degrees, however, the details turn out to be harder to pin down than one might initially have thought. I criticise three recent accounts of degrees of reasons‐sensitivity, arguing that none of them succeed in capturing our intuitions about degrees of free will in particular cases. I then defend an alternative approach, which combines a causal account of sensitivity with my own preferred metaphysics of degrees of causal contribution. As well as avoiding the problems faced by its rivals, I’ll argue that this account provides a novel response to the situationist threat to free will, arising out of empirical studies purporting to show that ‘situational factors’ play a larger role in producing actions than we typically assume.
Transcendental Philosophy As Capacities‐First Philosophy
Authors: Schafer Karl 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this essay, I propose a novel way of thinking about Kant’s philosophical methodology during the critical period. According to this interpretation, the critical Kant can generally be understood as operating within a “capacities‐first” philosophical framework – that is, within a framework in which our basic rational or cognitive capacities play both an explanatorily and epistemically fundamental role in philosophy – or, at least, in the sort of philosophy that limited creatures like us are capable of. In discussing this idea, I consider the complicated relationship between the explanatory and epistemic roles that such capacities play in Kant. I also sketch how this way of thinking about Kant’s methodology can illuminate the foundations of both his theoretical and his practical philosophy, before discussing some of Kant’s reasons for finding this approach to philosophy attractive. I close with a brief discussion of the contemporary relevance of this approach.
Evolution of AITR family genes in cotton and their functions in abiotic stress tolerance
Authors: Wang T. , Dong Q. , Wang W. , Chen S. , Cheng Y. , Tian H. , Li X. , Hussain S. , Wang L. , Gong L. , Wang S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Abiotic stresses are major environmental factors inhibiting plant growth and development. AITRs (ABA‐induced transcription repressors) are a novel family of transcription factors regulating ABA (abscisic acid) signalling and plant responses to abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis. However, the composition and evolution history of AITRs and their roles in the cotton genus are largely unknown.

A total of 12 putative AITRs genes were identified in cultivated tetraploid cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. Phylogenetic analysis of GhAITRs in these tetraploid cottons and their closely related species implicate ancient genome‐wide duplication occurring after speciation of Gossypium, and Theobroma could generate duplicates of GhAITRs.

Duplicated GhAITRs were stably inherited following diploid speciation and further allotetraploidy in Gossypium. Homologous GhAITRs shared common expression patterns in response to ABA, drought and salinity treatments, and drought tolerance induced in transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GhAITR‐A1.

Together, our findings reveal that duplicates in the GhAITRs gene family were achieved by whole genome duplication rather than three individual duplication events, and that GhAITRs function as transcription repressors and are involved in the regulation of plant responses to ABA and drought stress. These results provide insights towards the improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in cotton using GhAITRs.
Clinical practice guidelines: Oral health care for children and adults living with epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Krämer Susanne , Lucas James , Gamboa Francisca , Peñarrocha Diago Miguel , Peñarrocha Oltra David , Guzmán‐Letelier Marcelo , Paul Sanchit , Molina Gustavo , Sepúlveda Lorena , Araya Ignacio , Soto Rubén , Arriagada Carolina , Lucky Anne W , Mellerio Jemima E , Cornwall Roger , Alsayer Fatimah , Schilke Reinhard , Antal Mark Adam , Castrillón Fernanda , Paredes Camila , Serrano Maria Concepción , Clark Victoria 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundInherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genetic disorder characterized by skin fragility and unique oral features.AimsTo provide (a) a complete review of the oral manifestations in those living with each type of inherited EB, (b) the current best practices for managing oral health care of people living with EB, (c) the current best practices on dental implant‐based oral rehabilitation for patients with recessive dystrophic EB (RDEB), and (d) the current best practice for managing local anesthesia, principles of sedation, and general anesthesia for children and adults with EB undergoing dental treatment.MethodsSystematic literature search, panel discussion including clinical experts and patient representatives from different centers around the world, external review, and guideline piloting.ResultsThis article has been divided into five chapters: (i) general information on EB for the oral health care professional, (ii) systematic literature review on the oral manifestations of EB, (iii) oral health care and dental treatment for children and adults living with EB—clinical practice guidelines, (iv) dental implants in patients with RDEB—clinical practice guidelines, and (v) sedation and anesthesia for adults and children with EB undergoing dental treatment—clinical practice guidelines.Each chapter provides recommendations on the management of the different clinical procedures within dental practice, highlighting the importance of patient‐clinician partnership, impact on quality of life, and the importance of follow‐up appointments. Guidance on the use on nonadhesive wound care products and emollients to reduce friction during patient care is provided.ConclusionsOral soft and hard tissue manifestations of inherited EB have unique patterns of involvement associated with each subtype of the condition. Understanding each subtype individually will help the professionals plan long‐term treatment approaches.
Cadmium accumulation in rice and its bioavailability in paddy soil with application of silicon fertilizer under different water management regimes
Authors: Luo Wenxuan , Ma Jiawei , Aman Khan Muhammad , Liao Shiyan , Ruan Zebin , Liu Hong , Zhong Bin , Zhu Youwei , Duan Lili , Fu Liqing , Huang Qiying , Ye Zhengqian , Liu Dan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe contamination agricultural soils and food by cadmium (cd) is one of the major concerns of the world. The field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of silicon (Si) fertilizer on bioavailability and accumulation of Cd in soil, Cd chemical fractions, dynamic changes of soil pH, available Cd content and Cd content of various parts of rice plants. The results revealed that application of Si fertilizer and continuous flooding of soil have enhanced soil pH and diminished soil available Cd content. The application of Si fertilizer and continuous flooding have improved proportion of Fe‐Mn oxides bound and residual Cd in soil. The application of Si fertilizer has increased Cd content of rice roots, but reduced Cd content of rice stems and brown rice. The Cd content of brown rice in the treatment of SF was significantly declined by 38.80% compared to CK (p < .05). The biomass of rice root and brown rice was improved by 44.04% and 17.86%, respectively, with application of Si fertilizer under conventional irrigation compared with control. The significant variation in biomass of rice in treatment of continuous flooding was observed with application of Si fertilizer compared with control. The combined application of Si fertilizer with continuous flooding has effectively prevented Cd accumulation in rice.
Spatio‐temporal patterns of malaria incidence in Rwanda
Authors: Bizimana Jean P. , Nduwayezu Gilbert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGiven the scarcity of resources in developing countries like Rwanda, malaria control requires new strategies that target specific populations, time periods and geographical areas. While the spatial pattern of malaria incidence varies depending on local conditions, its temporal evolution has yet to be evaluated in Rwanda. The aim of this study was to determine the spatio‐temporal dynamics of malaria incidence in Rwanda. GIS was used to delineate the health centre catchment areas. Optimized hotspots analysis was performed to detect the spatio‐temporal patterns of hotspots of malaria from 2010 to 2017. SPSS software was used to generate boxplots comparing the intensity of inter‐annual variation of malaria cases at health centre catchment scale. This study highlighted the spatial variability and relative temporal stability of malaria hotspots in lowlands and the coldspots of malaria incidence in highlands. Information on malaria hotspot dynamics can help to improve the health outcomes of malaria control and reduction strategies in Rwanda. As malaria data were aggregated at health centre level, further research can use malaria prevalence at the household scale and investigate the driving factors of malaria occurrence in the identified malaria hotspots. This would allow for the development of better‐targeted control strategies.