bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consultation Urgency And Counseling As Islamic Legal Strategy In Legal Positivisation In Indonesia
Authors: Itmam Muhammad Shohibul 
Published: February 2020

<p>Islamic law in the context of fiqh positivization needs certain strategies. consultation and counseling can be a strategy in islamic law positivisation. various strategies and explanations provide a special pattern in islamic legal thinking in indonesia. this writing discusses consultation and counseling as an islamic legal strategy leading to legal positivity in indonesia. with an elaborative approach between normative law and empirical law this writing concludes that islamic law is one part of the raw materials of national law that can be managed pluralistically with other laws that grow in indonesia. the plurality of indonesian law which is an empirical constitution can bring with islamic law through professional consultation and consequences. The practical strategy is uniting perceptions which are the substance of islamic teachings related to the meaning of sharia and fiqh in the values of universality of humanity such as the substance of justice, honesty, equality of balance and liking. with the strategy such islamic law can be a solution for national law at the secondary of islamic laws can move to color the development of national law into positive law.</p>
Open and Closed Reduction for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in New York State
Authors: Swarup Ishaan , Ge Yile , Scher David , Sink Ernest , Widmann Roger , Dodwell Emily 
Published: February 2020

Background:
There are limited data on the incidence and outcomes of open and closed hip reduction in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of open and closed reduction of the hip using population-level data and to assess the rates of subsequent surgery.

Methods:
Children aged 3 years and younger with DDH who underwent open or closed reduction of the hip between 1997 and 2013 were identified in the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database. Patient age, sex, race, and insurance status as well as concurrent procedures were extracted. Admissions through 2014 were searched for subsequent surgeries, providing a minimum 1-year post-reduction surveillance for all patients. Age-specific incidence rates were calculated using New York State annual population data. The rates of concurrent and subsequent surgeries were calculated. A sensitivity analysis was performed to provide a range for the rates of subsequent surgery. Univariate analyses consisted of chi-square or Fisher exact tests for categorical variables.

Results:
In total, 897 patients (637 who underwent closed reduction and 260 who underwent open reduction) were identified. The age-specific incidence per 100,000 population was 12.5 for closed reduction and 2.6 for open reduction for <1-year-olds, 2.2 for both closed and open reductions for 1-year-olds, 0.4 for closed reduction and 1.0 for open reduction for 2-year-olds, and <0.3 for closed reduction and 0.5 for open reduction for 3-year-olds. Overall, closed reductions were performed more frequently over the study period (p < 0.01). The estimated rate of subsequent ipsilateral surgery was 12.4% (range, 9.4% to 33.1%) after index closed reduction and was 14.2% (range, 8.5% to 40.1%) after index open reduction.

Conclusions:
We found that the incidence of closed or open hip reduction for DDH was small and that there was an increase in the number of closed reductions performed over time. The rates of subsequent surgery remained relatively high for patients after index closed or open hip reduction.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Investigation of Smart Waterflooding in Sandstone Reservoirs: Experimental and Simulation Study Part 2
Authors: Al-Saedi Hasan N. , Flori Ralph E. , Alsaba Mortadha 
Published: February 2020

Summary
In a previous work (Al-Saedi et al. 2018c), we studied the effect of mineral composition of cores (using synthetic columns with varying mineralogy) on low-salinity (LS) waterflooding, and we presented a reactive-transport model (RTM) for the water/rock interactions. The results showed that kaolinite has the strongest effect and then quartz because of the high kaolinite surface area, and the most effective complexes were &gt;SiOH (hydroxylated Si), &gt;AlO– (aluminum oxide complex on quartz surface), and &gt;SiO– (silicon mono oxide complex on quartz surface).
In this paper, we use the same Bartlesville Sandstone cores (constant mineralogy) for all cases to investigate the effect of water chemistry on water/rock interactions during seawater and smart waterflooding of reservoir sandstone cores containing heavy oil. Oil recovery, surface-reactivity tests, and multicomponent reactive-transport simulation using CrunchFlow (Steefel 2009) were conducted to better understand smart waterflooding.
Bartlesville Sandstone cores were saturated with heavy oil and connate formation water. Secondary waterflooding of these cores with formation water (FW) at 25°C resulted in an ultimate oil recovery of approximately 50% original oil in place (OOIP) for all reservoir cores in this study. FW salinity was 104,550 ppm. FW was diluted twice to obtain Smart Water 1 (SMW1). SMW2 was similar to SMW1 but depleted in divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+). SMW3 was also similar to SMW1 but depleted in Mg2+ and SO42−, whereas SMW4 was the same as SMW1 but Ca2+ was diluted 100 times. Seawater (SW) salinity was 48,300 ppm, which is close to the SMW salinity (52,275 ppm). No oil recovery was observed during SMW1 flooding, whereas softening SMW1 (SMW2) resulted in a significant additional oil recovery of OOIP. Depleting Mg2+ and SO42− resulted in additional oil recovery but less than in SMW2. Diluting Ca2+ 100 times was the second-best scenario, after depleted Ca2+ in SMW2. The results of this study showed that the more diluted Ca2+ is in the injected brine, the more additional oil recovery that can be obtained, although the other divalent/monovalent cations/anions were increased or decreased or even depleted.
Additional reservoir cores were allocated for surface-reactivity tests. The absence of an oil phase allows us to isolate the important water/rock reactions. The Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42− effluents for all cores were matched using CrunchFlow, and then further investigations of the water/rock interactions were conducted. The RTM showed that decreasing the Mg2+ concentration will decrease the number of the most effective kaolinite edges Si-O− and Al-O−, but was not as pronounced as that in the presence of Ca2+, which explains why lowering the Mg2+ concentration gives lower additional oil recovery and why lowering the Ca2+ concentration gives higher additional oil recovery.
Asphaltene Deposition and Removal in Flowlines and Mitigation by Effective Functional Molecules
Authors: Kar Taniya , Naderi Khosrow , Firoozabadi Abbas 
Published: February 2020

Summary
Efficient removal of deposited asphaltenes on the surface of metallic flowlines by functional molecules is investigated by nonionic and ionic surfactants at low concentrations. Deposition removal by aromatic solvent toluene is measured as a reference. Water is often coproduced with crude oil and may affect deposition of asphaltenes and removal. In this study, we investigate the effect of water in both asphaltene deposition and removal by functional molecules. Two different crudes from different fields that give rise to serious asphaltene deposition are extensively investigated. For these two crudes, we find one ionic and one nonionic surfactant to be effective in deposition removal at 1 wt% concentration in the crude. This concentration is much lower than that of the commonly studied acidic dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) surfactant. Toluene concentration in the crude varies from 40 to 60 wt% for asphaltene deposition removal. Water delays deposition significantly. However, water does not have an appreciable effect on performance of functional molecules on removal of deposited asphaltenes.
Seascape genomics reveals population isolation in the reef-building honeycomb worm, Sabellaria alveolata (L.)
Authors: Muir Anna P , Dubois Stanislas F. , Ross Rebecca E. , Firth Louise B. , Knights Antony M. , Lima Fernando P. , Seabra Rui , Corre Erwan , Corguillé Gildas Le , Nunes Flavia L. D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background: Under the threat of climate change populations can disperse, acclimatise or evolve in order to avoid fitness loss. In light of this, it is important to understand neutral gene flow patterns as a measure of dispersal potential, but also adaptive genetic variation as a measure of evolutionary potential. In order to assess genetic variation and how this relates to environment in the honeycomb worm (Sabellaria alveolata (L.)), a reef-building polychaete that supports high biodiversity, we carried out RAD sequencing using individuals from along its complete latitudinal range. Patterns of neutral population genetic structure were compared to larval dispersal as predicted by ocean circulation modelling, and outlier analyses and genotype-environment association tests were used to attempt to identify loci under selection in relation to local temperature data. Results: We genotyped 482 filtered SNPs, from 68 individuals across nine sites, 27 of which were identified as outliers using BAYESCAN and ARLEQUIN. All outlier loci were potentially under balancing selection, despite previous evidence of local adaptation in the system. Limited gene flow was observed among reef-sites (FST= 0.28 ± 0.10), in line with the low dispersal potential identified by the larval dispersal models. The North Atlantic reef emerged as a distinct population and this was linked to high local larval retention and the effect of the North Atlantic Current on dispersal. Conclusions: As an isolated population, with limited potential for natural genetic or demographic augmentation from other reefs, the North Atlantic site warrants conservation attention in order to preserve not only this species, but above all the crucial functional ecological roles that are associated with their bioconstructions. Our study highlights the utility of using seascape genomics to identify populations of conservation concern.
Prevalence and Associated Factors for Frailty among Elder Patients in China: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Jiao Jing , Wang Yu , Zhu Chen , Li Fangfang , Zhu Minglei , Wen Xianxiu , Jin Jingfen , Wang Hui , Lv Dongmei , Zhao Shengxiu , Wu Xinjuan , Xu Tao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Up to date, most of previous studies of frailty among hospitalized elder Chinese patients were conducted based on a small sample, which could not represent the elder patient population. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence and the risk factors for frailty among elder patients in China. Study Design and Setting: This is a cross-sectional study, 9996 elder patients from 6 tertiary level hospitals in China were surveyed. The prevalence of frailty among patients from selected wards was surveyed by trained investigators. Mixed-effect Poisson regression model were used to analyze the associated factors of frailty among elder patients. Results: The mean age of all subjects was72.47±5.77years. The prevalence rate of frailty in this study was 18.02%. After controlling the confounding effect of hospital wards clustering effect, Mixed-effect Poisson regression model showed that the associated factors of frailty included: age(OR:1.016, 95% CI:1.012 -1.020), patients with BMI < 18.5(OR: 1.248, 95% CI:1.171-1.330), female(OR:1.058, 95% CI:1.004 -1.115), ethnic minorities(OR: 1.152, 95% CI: 1.073-1.236), admission to hospital by the emergency department(OR: 1.104, 95% CI:1.030 -1.184),the former drinker(OR: 1.094, 95% CI:1.022 -1.171),fall history in past 12 month(OR:1.257, 95%CI:1.194-1.323),vision dysfunction(OR:1.144 , 95% CI:1.080 -1.211),cognition impairment(OR:1.182 , 95% CI:1.130 -1.237),sleeping dysfunction(OR:1.215, 95% CI:1.215 -1.318),urinary dysfunction(OR: 1.175, 95% CI:1.104 -1.251),defecation dysfunction(OR:1.286 , 95% CI:1.217 -1.358). Conclusion: We identified a relatively high prevalence of frailty among elder patients, and there are several associate factors among the population derived from an investigation of a large-scale, multicenter, nationwide representative Chinese elderly inpatient population. Trial registration: Chinese clinical Trial registry, ChiCTR1800017682, Registered 09 August 2018 Keywords: Frailty; Elder patients; Prevalence; Associate factors
Genome-wide analysis of Myo-inositol oxygenase gene family in tomato reveals their involvement in ascorbic acid accumulation
Authors: Munir Shoaib , Mumtaz Muhammad Ali , Ahiakpa John Kojo , Liu Genzhong , Zheng Wei , Zhou Guolin , Zheng Wei , Ye Zhibiao , Zhang Yuyang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, AsA) is an antioxidant metabolite involved in plant development and environmental stimuli. AsA biosynthesis has been well studied in plants, and MIOX is a critical enzyme in plants AsA biosynthesis pathway. However, Myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) gene family members and their involvement in AsA biosynthesis and response to abiotic stress remain unclear. Results : In this study, five tomato genes encoding MIOX proteins and possessing MIOX motifs were identified. Structural analysis and distribution mapping showed that 5 MIOX genes contain different intron/exon patterns and unevenly distributed among four chromosomes. Besides, expression analyses indicated the remarkable expression of SlMIOX genes in different plant tissues. Furthermore, transgenic lines were obtained by over-expression of the MIOX4 gene in tomato. The overexpression lines showed a significant increase in total ascorbate in leaves and red fruits compared to control. Expression analysis revealed that increased accumulation of AsA in MIOX4 overexpression lines is possible as a consequence of the multiple genes involved in AsA biosynthesis. Myo inositol (MI) feeding in leaf and fruit implied that the Myo-inositol pathway improved the AsA biosynthesis in leaves and fruits. MIOX4 overexpression lines exhibited a better light response, abiotic stress tolerance, and AsA biosynthesis capacity. Conclusions: These results showed that MIOX4 transgenic lines contribute to AsA biosynthesis, evident as better light response and improved oxidative stress tolerance. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the MIOX gene family and their involvement in ascorbate biosynthesis in tomato.
An exclusion mechanism is epistatic to an internal detoxification mechanism in aluminum resistance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Yu Wancong , Cao Yu , Cai Yanfei , Lyi Sangbom M. , Wu Weiwei , Kang Yan , Liang Cuiyue , LIU JIPING 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background In Arabidopsis , the aluminum (Al) exclusion mechanism is mainly facilitated by ALMT1-mediated malate exudation and MATE-mediated citrate releases from the root. Recently, we have demonstrated that coordinated functioning between the ALMT1-mediated Al exclusion mechanism, via exudation of malate from the root tip, and a NIP1;2-facilitated internal detoxification mechanism, via removal of Al from the root cell wall and subsequent root-to-shoot Al translocation, plays critical roles in achieving overall Al resistance. However, the genetic relationship between ALMT1 and NIP1;2 in these processes remained unclear. Results Through genetic and physiological analyses, we demonstrate that unlike ALMT1 and MATE , which function independently and additively, ALMT1 and NIP1;2 show an epistatic relationship in Al resistance. These results indicate that ALMT1 and NIP1;2 function in the same biochemical pathway, whereas ALMT1 and MATE in different ones. Conclusion The establishment of the epistatic relationship and the coordinated functioning between the ALMT1 and NIP1;2-mediated exclusion and internal detoxification mechanisms are pivotal for achieving overall Al resistance in the non-accumulating Arabidopsis plant. We discuss and emphasize the indispensable roles of the root cell wall for the implementation of the Al exclusion mechanism and for the establishment of an epistatic relationship between the ALMT1-mediated exclusion mechanism and the NIP1;2-facilitated internal detoxification mechanism.
Measuring the effectiveness of digital nursing technologies: Development of a comprehensive digital nursing technology outcome framework based on a scoping review
Authors: Krick Tobias , Huter Kai , Seibert Kathrin , Domhoff Dominik , Wolf-Ostermann Karin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground: Digital nursing technologies (DNT) comprise an expanding, highly diverse field of research, explored using a wide variety of methods and tools. Study results are therefore difficult to compare, which raises the question how effectiveness of DNT can be adequately measured. Methods currently used might not be sufficient for certain specific nursing contexts. A comprehensive outcome framework that shows the multitude of possible outcome areas could be useful to generate more comparable results. The aim of the present study is to develop an outcome framework for DNT and to indicate which outcome areas have been most frequently evaluated in previous studies and how this has been done. Methods: A mixed method design was used to develop the DNT outcome framework. The numerical analysis is based on a scoping review focussing on the effectiveness of DNT for persons in need of care, formal or informal caregivers or care institutions. Nine databases were included in the screening: Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, the Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies, GeroLit and CareLit. Additional literature searches and expert interviews were included. Results: The developed framework comprises four outcome target groups and 47 outcome areas. There are considerable differences in the researched outcome areas for the individual outcome target groups. Persons in need of care were by far the most frequently surveyed, particularly with respect to their psychological health. There are much fewer studies on formal and informal caregivers, and it is particularly noticeable that the quality of life of both groups has rarely been investigated. Care process quality was most frequently researched for organisations. Conclusion: We were able to provide a comprehensive DNT outcome framework, thereby identifying the outcome tools used and the less researched outcome areas. We recommend a detailed investigation of all areas and tools in future research projects with a view to initiating a discussion on the differing importance of existing outcome areas and on a standardisation of outcome tools. We also recommend the development of outcome areas for the macro level of effectiveness assessment. Keywords: Technology, Care, Nursing, Framework, Effectiveness, Effect, Digital, Outcome, Evidence
Intravenous oxycodone compared to morphine for post-operative opioid-related adverse events in opioid naïve patients: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: cuvillon philippe , Alonso Sandrine , Lhermite Joel , Reubrecht Vanessa , Zoric Lana , Vialees Nathalie , faillie jean-luc. , Kouyoumdjian Pascal , Boisson Christope , raux mathieu , langeron olivier 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Bacground: Intravenous oxycodone compared to morphine for postoperative pain relief is controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess opioid-related adverse events of oxycodone versus morphine in opioid-naive patients after orthopaedic surgery. Methods: Patients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty under general anesthesia combined with a multimodal analgesia (acetamnophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) were randomized in a triple-blinded trial to postopertaive pain treatment with either intravenous oxycodone or morphine (potency ratio 1:1). After surgery, patients received similar drug regimen for titration in the postoperative care unit (bolus 2-3 mg, 5 min period, when pain score was >3/10) followed by an intravenous patient controlled analgesia (bolus 1 mg, lockout time 7 min) postoperatively. The primary outcome was number of patients with ≥1 opioid-related adverse events within the first 24 hours (at least one of the following complications: nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, pruritus, urinary retention requiring evacuation, allergy, hallucination). Secondary outcomes included pain scores, opioid consumption. Patients were followed up to 4 months. Results: The intention-to-treat analysis included 241 patients with similar characteristics. There were 55 patients with at least one opioid-related adverse events in oxycodone group versus 46 in morphine group (48% vs 40%, p=0.19; relative risk= 1.22 [0.91; 1.63]). Oxycodone versus morphine requirements were respectively: 6 [0-11] versus 8 [0-12] mg (p=0.06) for titration, 15 [8-26] versus 8 [5-16] mg (p=0.001) for PCA dose, and 22 [12-37] mg versus 19 [11-28] mg for the titration and PCA accumulated consumption (p=0.048). During the first 24 hours, there were no other differences in secondary outcomes between both drugs for (respectively oxycodone versus morphine in %): nausea (15 versus 13), vomiting (5 versus 5 ), urinary retention (20 versus 12 ) and pain scores. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that oxycodone required lower doses for titration in postoperative care unit, but did not significantly reduce opioid-related adverse events within the first 24 hours compared to morphine.
An empirical analysis of Unit costs of public hospitals in Jordan
Authors: Hammad Eman A , Alabbadi Ibrahim , Taissir Fardos , Hajjwi Malek , Obeidat Nathir M. , Alefan Qais 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Public providers in low-middle income countries face enormous pressures to meet complex needs of its population. This study aimed to benchmark unit costs of hospital services in public providers in Jordan to provide useful insight and readings of healthcare delivery and sustainability. Methods: Unit costs of hospital services per admission, inpatient days, outpatient visits, emergency visits and surgical operations were estimated using standard average costing method. Unit costs per inpatient days was estimated relevant to nine specialities, staff and selected medical services too. Unit costs were estimated in Jordanian Dinars (exchange rate= US$1.41). Results: Average unit cost per admission was 782.3 JDs (U$1101.8), per inpatient day was 236.6 JDs (U$ 333.2), per bed day was 172.9 JDs (U$244.9), per outpatient visit was 58.4 JDs (U$ 82.3), per operation was 449.6 JDs (U$ 633.2) and per emergency room visit was 31.8 JDs (U$44.8). ICU/CCU and OB/GYN presented the highest unit costs per inpatient days across providers; U$532.9 and U$510.7 respectively. Unit costs varied depending on service utilization, type of service and organizational outset. Conclusions: Countries in areas of political conflicts face enormous fiscal constraints, health policy makers, managers and stakeholders ought to understand these challenges and foster use of value based budgeting and performance analysis.