bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the metabolism of the selective androgen receptor modulator LGD‐4033 in equine urine, plasma and hair following oral administration
Authors: Cutler Charlotte , Viljanto Marjaana , Hincks Pamela , Habershon‐Butcher Jocelyn , Muir Tessa , Biddle Simon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLGD‐4033 is one of a number of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) that are being developed by the pharmaceutical industry to provide the therapeutic benefits of anabolic androgenic steroids, without the less desirable side effects. Though not available therapeutically, SARMs are available for purchase online as supplement products. The potential for performance enhancing effects associated with these products makes them a significant concern with regards to doping control in sports. The purpose of this study was to investigate the metabolism of LGD‐4033 in the horse following oral administration, in order to identify the most appropriate analytical targets for doping control laboratories. LGD‐4033 was orally administered to two Thoroughbred horses and urine, plasma and hair samples were collected and analysed for parent drug and metabolites. LC‐HRMS was used for metabolite identification in urine and plasma. Eight metabolites were detected in urine, five of which were excreted only as phase II conjugates, with the longest detection time being observed for di‐ and tri‐hydroxylated metabolites. The parent compound could only be detected in urine in the conjugated fraction. Seven metabolites were detected in plasma along with the parent compound where mono‐hydroxylated metabolites provided the longest duration of detection. Preliminary investigations with hair samples using LC–MS/MS analysis indicated the presence of trace amounts of the parent compound and one of the mono‐hydroxylated metabolites. In vitro incubation of LGD‐4033 with equine liver microsomes was also performed for comparison, yielding 11 phase I metabolites. All of the metabolites observed in vivo were also observed in vitro.
Erythroferrone as a sensitive biomarker to detect stimulation of erythropoiesis
Authors: Ramirez Cuevas Kelvin , Schobinger Céline , Gottardo Emeric , Voss Sven Christian , Kuuranne Tiia , Tissot Jean‐Daniel , Favrat Bernard , Townsend Nathan , Leuenberger Nicolas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractErythroferrone (ERFE) is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by erythroblasts in response to erythropoietin stimulation. ERFE suppresses the hepatic synthesis of the master iron‐regulatory hormone, hepcidin. The impact of erythropoiesis stimulation on ERFE secretion in humans is poorly understood. This paucity of information is due in part to the lack of available means for ERFE quantification in serum samples. The present study tested a new sensitive sandwich immunoassay for human ERFE. This assay was used to demonstrate that injection of various erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) increased the blood ERFE levels in healthy volunteers. After exogenous stimulation of erythropoiesis, ERFE increased up to 8‐fold with a detection window of 13 days. The impact of one unit of blood withdrawal on erythropoiesis stimulation of ERFE was also tested. ERFE significantly increased after blood withdrawal in subjects injected with both iron and saline solution, suggesting that iron supplementation did not mask the ERFE increase after blood withdrawal. The effects of exercise‐induced muscle damage on ERFE was assessed by comparing ERFE levels with creatine kinase levels in samples from subjects with heavy exercise loads, and determined that this was not a confounder. The ERFE assay is a sensitive means to investigate the connection between iron metabolism and erythropoiesis in humans, and to detect ESA abuse in the antidoping field.
Habitat suitability analysis of Pengba fish in Loktak Lake and its river basin
Authors: Khwairakpam Eliza , Khosa Rakesh , Gosain Ashvani , Nema Arvind 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDeterioration of water quality condition of lakes and rivers can be harmful to the health of aquatic life forms. This study presents habitat suitability analysis of Pengba fish (Osteobrama belangiri) species in Loktak Lake and its river basin. Pengba is the state fish of Manipur with a restricted distribution range in India, Myanmar and China. This fish species is endemic to a limited habitat range and is currently assessed as a near threatened species and has been reduced dramatically from the Northeast region of India. Water quality parameters of the lake and the nine rivers were used to assess habitat suitability using MIKE 11 ECO Lab and MIKE 21 ECO Lab. Simulated water quality parameters were integrated using a geographic information system (GIS)‐based, weighted overlay tool. The suitability of the fish species in the lake and nine rivers draining into the lake were divided into different zones of habitat suitability. This will help in framing conservation strategies, which, in turn, is expected to facilitate and aid in harmonizing eco‐sustainability services.
A 3D analysis of spatial habitat metrics about the confluence of Negro and Solimões rivers, Brazil
Authors: Gualtieri Carlo , Abdi Reza , Ianniruberto Marco , Filizola Naziano , Endreny Theodore A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConfluences are integral features in rivers characterized by complex 3D changes in flow hydrodynamics and bed morphology and provide important ecological functions.This paper presents the first known analysis of 3D spatial habitat metrics, based on hydraulic complexity, using data from the Negro and Solimões rivers confluence in the Amazon Basin, during high‐ and low‐flow conditions. The analysis was conducted using two bioenergetics metrics M2 and M3 computed for ~1‐m2 cells within each cross section. M2 is related to the drag force on a fish moving between two locations in the river, whereas M3 is related to the energy needed by a fish to remain in a location without spinning.M2 provides useful spatial analysis of the confluence, and its longitudinal distribution as well as its uniformity parameters in the river cross sections showed a peak downstream the junction and a rapid decay in the central confluence hydrodynamic zone. This trend corresponded with the classic hydrodynamic features as well as with literature observed patterns of biotic assemblages downstream of river confluences. At the entrance of the Amazon channel, M2 peaks corresponded to the largest concentration of fish larvae demonstrating that the metric could be used to identify hot spots for aquatic species richness. The 3D derived M2 values were larger in magnitude than M2 values derived from depth‐averaged velocity data. The longitudinal distribution of M3 metric peaked immediately downstream of the confluence, and the M3 helical flow cells corresponded with areas where dolphins congregate to feed and could exert less energy to remain in this zone. The study demonstrated that a 3D analysis of velocity gradients is able to reveal and explain observed patterns of species abundance and richness beyond those captured by a 2D analysis.
A Laccase/Chitosan‐Lambda‐Carrageenan Based Voltammetric Biosensor for Phenolic Compound Detection
Authors: Chakroun Galai Hajer , Rassas Ilhem , Namour Philippe , Bonhomme Anne , Raimondi Gaetan , Besbes Hentati Salma , Jaffrezic‐Renault Nicole 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this contribution, a new concept of voltammetric catechol biosensor, based on the encapsulation of laccase (LAC) in a chitosan+lambda‐carrageenan (CHIT+CAR) polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) employing a simple coacervation process is presented. Chitosan (CHIT) was prepared from α‐chitin extracted from shrimp shells and lambda‐carrageenan (CAR) was extracted from red algae, both polysaccharides and PEC being characterized using FTIR spectrometry and electrochemistry. Cyclic voltammetry was utilized to determine the analytical features of the laccase (LAC) biosensor for catechol detection. The linear range was from 10−20 M to 10−14 M with a sensitivity of 1.55 mA/p[catechol] and a limit of detection of 3×10−21 M.The laccase biosensor exhibits good repeatability (RSD 2.38 %) and stability (four weeks). The developed biosensor was tested by applying it to the evaluation of the total polyphenolic content in natural oil samples.
Coastal ridge constructive processes at a multi‐decadal scale in Barreta Island (southern Portugal)
Authors: Herrero Xabier , Costas Susana , Kombiadou Katerina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultiple ridges across prograding coasts may display variable geometries, commonly expressed through varying elevations. Changes in ridge elevation have been traditionally related to the occurrence of fluctuating progradation rates, which might, in turn, be driven by shifting environmental conditions.Here, we explore the geometry and growth mechanisms of multiple ridges, generated at Barreta Island (Ria Formosa, southern Portugal), as a consequence of the rapid progradation of the island over the last 70 years, following the artificial fixation of the downdrift Faro‐Olhão inlet with jetties in 1955. The variability in the morphology of these features was analysed in combination with available wind and wave data, in order to better distinguish growth mechanisms and understand the main parameters determining the final geometry of the observed ridges.The results suggest that (1) most of the identified ridges fall in the beach ridge classification, as they have been mostly built by marine processes, and (2) the parameters derived from, or closely related to wave climate variability (e.g. progradation rates, storm occurrence) can jointly explain most of the observed morphological changes, while aeolian processes played a secondary role. Indeed, ridge geometry appears mainly controlled by progradation rates, with higher ridges associated with lower progradation rates. Progradation rate, in turn, is mostly related to longshore wave power, storminess, and the occurrence storm groups. Yet, the final configuration of ridges can also be affected by runup levels and onshore winds. Therefore, establishing the relation between ridge geometry and wave climate is not a straightforward task, because of the complex processes and interactions that control coastal morphodynamics. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
26Al/10Be ratios reveal the source of river sediments in the Kimberley, NW Australia
Authors: Cazes Gaël , Fink David , Codilean Alexandru T. , Fülöp Réka‐Hajnalka , Fujioka Toshiyuki , Wilcken Klaus M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe use cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in both bedrock and fluvial sediments to investigate controls on erosion rates and sediment supply to river basins at the regional scale in the Kimberley, NW Australia. The area is characterised by lithologically controlled morphologies such as cuestas, isolated mesas and extensive plateaus made of slightly dipping, extensively jointed sandstones. All sampled bedrock surfaces at plateau tops, ridgelines, and in the broader floodplain of major rivers over the region show similar slow lowering rates between 0.17 and 4.88 m.Myr‐1, with a mean value of 1.0 ± 0.6 m.Myr‐1 (n=15), whilst two bedrock samples collected directly within river‐beds record rates that are one to two orders of magnitude higher (14.4 ± 1.5 and 20.9 ± 2.5 m.Myr‐1, respectively). Bedrock 26Al/10Be ratios are all compatible with simple, continuous sub‐aerial exposure histories. Modern river sediment yield lower 10Be and 26Al concentrations, apparent 10Be basin‐wide denudation rates ranging between 1.8 and 7.7 m.Myr‐1, with a median value of 2.6 m.Myr‐1, more than double the magnitude of bedrock erosion rates. 26Al/10Be ratios of the sediment samples are lower than those obtained for bedrock samples. We propose that these depleted 26Al/10Be ratios can largely be explained by the supply of sediment to river basins from the slab fragmentation and chemical weathering of channel gorge walls and plateau escarpments that result in diluting the cosmogenic nuclide concentration in river sediments measured at the basin outlets. The results of a mass‐balance model suggest that ~60–90% of river sediment in the Kimberley results from the breakdown and chemical weathering of retreating vertical sandstone rock‐walls in contrast to sediment generated by bedrock weathering and erosion on the plateau tops. This study emphasises the value of analysing two or more isotopes in basin‐scale studies using cosmogenic nuclides, especially in slowly eroding post‐orogenic settings. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hidden in plain sight: How finding a lake in the Brazilian Pantanal improves understanding of wetland hydrogeomorphology
Authors: Merino Eder Renato , Assine Mario Luis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWetlands are permanently or seasonally flooded areas which support countless species of plants and animals. The Pantanal, in central‐west Brazil is one of the largest freshwater wetlands in the world covering an area of ~150 000 km2. The relationships between geomorphology, hydrology, sedimentation, and vegetation cover are critical for understanding how the landscape constrains the dynamics of wetlands. We provide a detailed study of the geomorphology and surface hydrology of the Negro River Interfan System (NRIS), in the southern Pantanal, by applying multiple approaches (i.e. remote sensing analysis, geomorphological zonation and hydrosedimentological surveys). A multitemporal analysis of Landsat imagery produced an inundation frequency map (2000–2011 period) that revealed a permanently flooded area in the central portion of the NRIS. A hidden fluvial lake was previously undetected due to the accumulation of floating mats and floating meadows of macrophytes. The Negro and Aquidauana feeder rivers exhibit remarkable differences in channel planform, water discharge, and sediment load. The Negro River presents a distributary pattern with marginal levees with decreasing elevation as it progrades into the lake and remains as a subaqueous landform conditioning the water flow downstream. The lake outflow to the Paraguay River occurs mainly by sheet flow during flood seasons and through small tributary channels during dry months. The lake's geometry is outlined by east–northeast and west–northwest straight borders, suggesting that the area is tectonically controlled. A cloud‐based worldwide water surface database (1984–2015) revealed frequent channel changes within the NRIS. Recent channel avulsions in the lower course of the Negro River are noteworthy mainly because the former river channel at the confluence with the Paraguay River is no longer connected with the Negro River channel. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergic integration of desalination and electric vehicle loads with hybrid micro‐grid sizing and control: An Island Case Study
Authors: Tu Tu , Rajarathnam Gobinath P. , Vassallo Anthony M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study addresses the feasibility, sizing, and scheduling of an island micro‐grid involving photovoltaic, wind turbine, diesel generator, and battery energy storage systems. In addition, the end‐use demand is expanded beyond residential electricity loads, as the full electrification on domestic water supply and transportation, in the forms of desalination and electric vehicles (EVs), are proposed in this study with integration to a renewable energy system focused micro‐grid. A mixed integer linear programming model is constructed to explore the mutual interactions of desalination plant, vehicle‐to‐grid enabled EVs and residential load deferring on a micro‐grid. A case study in Bruny Island, Australia was incorporated in the study, based on the existing infrastructure and future planning. Multiple scenarios were run utilizing real‐world, fine resolution time‐series data. Results were compared to investigate the impact of the polygeneration configuration and potential economic savings on household affordability. Our study displayed the advantage of electrifying and integrating household resources into the micro‐grid, such as transportation and water filtration. The integration created a greater diversity in electricity end‐uses, allowed for better scheduling and Renewable System management. In addition, the cost‐benefit analysis of stationary battery storage units was modeled against the other forms of energy storage, such as electric vehicles and seawater desalination plant, with findings suggesting the potential economic advantage of storage other than grid connected batteries in a residential precinct.
Accelerated inactivation of M13 bacteriophage using millijoule femtosecond lasers
Authors: Berchtikou Aziz , Greschner Andrea A. , Tijssen Peter , Gauthier Marc A. , Ozaki Tsuneyuki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIrradiation of femtosecond (fs) pulse lasers in the visible and near‐infrared ranges have been proposed as a promising approach for inactivating viruses. However, in order to achieve significant virus inactivation, past works have required relatively long irradiation times (1 hour or longer), even for small volumes. Given its advantages compared with other techniques, there is an urgent need to shorten the time required to inactivate viruses using fs laser technology. In this study, we investigate the inactivation of purified M13 bacteriophage in phosphate‐buffered saline with large active volume (1 cm3), and short exposure time (several minutes), using lasers with 20 mJ/pulse energy at various wavelengths (800, 400 nm or both 800 and 400 nm combined). For an exposure time of 15 and 2 minute, the use of a 400 nm wavelength laser results in a high load reduction of 5.8 ± 0.3 and 2.9 ± 0.15, respectively, on the log10 scale of viability. We show that virus inactivation using the 400 nm laser is much more efficient compared with that using an 800 nm laser, or the simultaneous irradiation of 400 and 800 nm lasers. Higher pathogen inactivation is observed for lasers with shorter pulse duration, whereas at longer pulse durations, the inactivation is reduced. For millijoule‐energy fs laser irradiation, the M13 bacteriophage inactivation, via the reduction of the functionality of M13 bacteriophages, is accompanied with relatively small amounts of genetic damage.
Infrared biomarkers of impaired cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein biogenesis
Authors: Bellisola Giuseppe , Caldrer Sara , Cestelli‐Guidi Mariangela , Cinque Gianfelice 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe mid‐infrared (IR) spectra of human cystic fibrosis (CF) cells acquired by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy were compared with those of non‐CF cells. Within the 1700 to 1480 cm−1 spectral domain of amides, unsupervised explorative principal component analysis identified a few variables reflecting quantitative and qualitative vibrations arising from protein secondary structures and amino acid side chains. Their pattern reflected α‐helix to β‐sheet transitions in bronchial epithelial cells and in immortalized peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with R1162X missense or in‐frame F508del mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene (Cftr). Similar transitions have been described in IR spectra of cells, tissues and body fluids of patients affected with some neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates. The variables pattern was able to distinguish CF cells from non‐CF cells and was modified by molecular compounds used to rescue the unbalanced folding process of mutated cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) anion channel. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence of spectroscopic biomarkers of the impaired biogenesis of CFTR by IR microanalysis in the spectra of human CF bronchial epithelial and lymphoblastoid cells.
In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of calcium‐phosphate scaffolds three‐dimensional printed by stereolithography for bone regeneration
Authors: Le Guéhennec Laurent , Van hede Dorien , Plougonven Erwan , Nolens Grégory , Verlée Bruno , De Pauw Marie‐Claire , Lambert France 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStereolithography (SLA) is an interesting manufacturing technology to overcome limitations of commercially available particulated biomaterials dedicated to intra‐oral bone regeneration applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility and osteoinductive properties of two calcium‐phosphate (CaP)‐based scaffolds manufactured by SLA three‐dimensional (3D) printing. Pellets and macro‐porous scaffolds were manufactured in pure hydroxyapatite (HA) and in biphasic CaP (HA:60‐TCP:40). Physico‐chemical characterization was performed using micro X‐ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical interferometry, and microtomography (μCT) analyses. Osteoblast‐like MG‐63 cells were used to evaluate the biocompatibility of the pellets in vitro with MTS assay and the cell morphology and growth characterized by SEM and DAPI‐actin staining showed similar early behavior. For in vivo biocompatibility, newly formed bone and biodegradability of the experimental scaffolds were evaluated in a subperiosteal cranial rat model using μCT and descriptive histology. The histological analysis has not indicated evidences of inflammation but highlighted close contacts between newly formed bone and the experimental biomaterials revealing an excellent scaffold osseointegration. This study emphasizes the relevance of SLA 3D printing of CaP‐based biomaterials for intra‐oral bone regeneration even if manufacturing accuracy has to be improved and further experiments using biomimetic scaffolds should be conducted.
PTEN inhibition attenuates endothelial cell apoptosis in coronary heart disease via modulating the AMPK–CREB–Mfn2‐mitophagy signaling pathway
Authors: Li Pei , Wang Jing , Zhao Xia , Ru Jing , Tian Tian , An Yun , Tang Liying , Bai Yuzhi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAtherosclerosis (AS) is a major pathogenic factor in patients with cardiovascular diseases, and endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays a primary role in the occurrence and development of AS. In our study, we attempted to evaluate the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in endothelial cell apoptosis under oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) stimulation and identify the associated mechanisms. The results of our study demonstrated that ox‐LDL induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) death via mitochondrial apoptosis, as evidenced by reduced mitochondrial potential, increased mitochondria permeability transition pore opening, cellular calcium overload, and caspase‐9/‐3 activation. In addition, ox‐LDL also suppressed cellular energy production via downregulating the mitochondrial respiratory complex. Moreover, ox‐LDL impaired HUVECs migration. Western blot analysis showed that PTEN expression was upregulated after exposure to ox‐LDL and knockdown of PTEN could attenuate ox‐LDL‐mediated endothelial cell damage. Furthermore, we found that ox‐LDL impaired mitophagy activity, whereas PTEN deletion could improve mitophagic flux and this effect relied on the activity of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)–cAMP‐response element‐binding protein (CREB)–Mitofusin‐2 (Mfn2) axis. When the AMPK–CREB–Mfn2 pathway was inhibited, PTEN deletion‐associated HUVECs protection was significantly reduced, suggesting that the AMPK–CREB–Mfn2‐mitophagy axis is required for PTEN deletion‐mediated endothelial cell survival under ox‐LDL. Taken together, our results indicate that ox‐LDL‐induced endothelial cell damage is associated with PTEN overexpression, and inhibition of PTEN could promote endothelial survival via activating the AMPK–CREB–Mfn2‐mitophagy signaling pathway.