bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The coronary artery calcium score is linked to plasma cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers: Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health
Authors: Nunes Valéria Sutti , Bensenor Isabela M. , Lotufo Paulo A. , Passarelli Marisa , Nakandakare Edna Regina , Quintão Eder Carlos Rocha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
It is controversial whether atherosclerosis is linked to increased intestinal cholesterol absorption or synthesis in humans. The aim of the present study was to relate atherosclerosis to the measurements of plasma markers of cholesterol synthesis (desmosterol, lathosterol) and absorption (campesterol, sitosterol). In healthy male (n=344), non-obese, non-diabetics, belonging to the city of São Paulo branch of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), we measured in plasma these non-cholesterol sterol markers, together with their anthropometric, dietary parameters, traditional atherosclerotic risk factors, and blood chemistry, coronary arterial calcium score (CAC), and ultrasonographically measured common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT). Cases with CAC&gt;zero had the following parameters higher than cases with CAC = zero: age, waist circumference (WC), plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non HDL-C). Plasma desmosterol and campesterol, duly corrected for TC, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hypertension, smoking, and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) correlated with CAC, but not with CCA-IMT. The latter related to increased age, BMI, waist circumference (WC), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Plasma HDL-C concentrations did not define CAC or CCA-IMT degrees, although in relation to the lower tertile of HDL-C in plasma the higher tertile of HDL-C had lower HOMA-IR and concentration of a cholesterol synthesis marker (desmosterol). Present work indicated that increased cholesterol synthesis and absorption represent primary causes of CAD, but not of the common carotid artery atherosclerosis.
Behavioral Mimicry as a Strategy to Increase Drinking Behaviors in Older Adults
Authors: Nam Susie , Shune Samantha E. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Individuals with dysphagia, particularly in the presence of dementia, are at high risk for decreased nutrition and hydration. Unfortunately, current treatment options are not without limitations and often ignore the crucial social aspects of mealtimes. The aim of this exploratory, proof-of-concept study was to examine whether the social phenomenon of nonconscious behavioral mimicry can increase drinking behaviors in healthy older adults.

Method

Forty-two older adults (
M
age
= 68.26 years,
SD
= 6.49) participated. Participants and a member of the research team posing as another participant (a confederate) took turns describing two series of pictures, while, unbeknownst to the participants, the confederate either frequently drank from a cup of water or touched the cup. The primary outcome measures (number of drinks per minute, number of cup touches per minute, percentage of time spent drinking, and percentage of time spent touching the cup) were coded and analyzed across both the confederate drinking and cup-touching conditions.

Results
Participants drank more frequently and spent more task time drinking during the confederate drinking condition as compared to the cup-touching condition. There was significant variability in drinking patterns across participants, with some only drinking when they were not engaged in the picture description task.

Conclusions
Behavioral mimicry may increase drinking behaviors in healthy older adults, although the effect may not be as robust among certain subsets of individuals. Clinically, mimicry may hold potential as a powerful, noninvasive supplemental mealtime strategy for increasing intake in those who are most at risk for malnutrition.
Exploring open cluster properties with Gaia and LAMOST
Authors: Zhong Jing , Chen Li , Wu Di , Li Lu , Bai Leya , Hou Jinliang 
Published: June 2020

Context. In Gaia DR2, an unprecedented high level of precision has been reached at sub-milliarcsecond for astrometry and millimagnitudes for photometry. Using cluster members identified with the astrometry and photometry in Gaia DR2, we can obtain a reliable determination of cluster properties. However, because of the shortcomings of Gaia spectroscopic observations in dealing with densely crowded cluster regions, the RVs and metallicity values for cluster member stars from Gaia DR2 are still lacking. It is necessary to combine the Gaia data with the data from large spectroscopic surveys, such as LAMOST, APOGEE, GALAH, and Gaia-ESO.
Aims. In this study our aim is to improve the cluster properties by combining the LAMOST spectra. In particular, we provide the list of cluster members with spectroscopic parameters as an add-value catalog in LAMOST DR5, which can be used to perform a detailed study for a better understanding of the stellar properties, by using their spectra and fundamental properties from the host cluster.
Methods. We cross-matched the spectroscopic catalog in LAMOST DR5 with the identified cluster members in Cantat-Gaudin et al. (2018, A&A, 618, A93). We then used members with spectroscopic parameters to derive statistical properties of open clusters.
Results. We obtained a list of 8811 members with spectroscopic parameters and a catalog of 295 cluster properties. The provided cluster properties include astrometric parameters, spectroscopic parameters, derived kinematic and orbital parameters, and isochrone fitting results. In addition, we study the radial and vertical metallicity gradient and age-metallicity relation with the compiled open clusters as tracers, finding slopes of −0.053 ± 0.004 dex kpc−1, −0.252 ± 0.039 dex kpc−1, and 0.022 ± 0.008 dex Gyr−1, respectively. The slopes of the metallicity distribution relation for young clusters (0.1 Gyr < Age < 2 Gyr) and the age-metallicity relation for clusters within 6 Gyr are both consistent with the literature results. In order to fully study the chemical evolution history in the disk, more spectroscopic observations for old and distant open clusters are needed for further investigation.
Management of unstable pertrochanteric fractures, evaluation of forgotten treatment options
Authors: Selim Amr Ahmed Hosny Abdo , Beder Fady Kamal , Algeaidy Ibrahim Taha , Farhat Ahmed Samir , Diab Nader M. , Barakat Ahmed Samir 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Unstable trochanteric fractures are challenging with a high rate of implant failure and re-operation. Cephalomedullary nails proved to be a rational management choice for these injuries, yet other management options have not been well assessed. The aim of this study was to compare the use of DHS with trochanteric stabilizing plate (TSP) and proximal femoral locked plate (PFLP) in unstable pertrochanteric fractures. Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) included 40 patients (22 males, 18 females) with unstable pertrochanteric fractures (AO/OTA 31A2.2/A2.3). The patients were randomized into group 1 managed by DHS with TSP while group 2 was managed by PFLP. All patients were followed up for 1 year. Patients were assessed radiographically and clinically using Harris hip score (HHS) at 3, 6 and 12 months. Operative time, estimated blood loss and time to union were also compared. Results: The difference of intra-operative variables, including operative time and intra-operative blood loss, between both groups was statistically insignificant. Time to bony union was faster in the first group with a statistically significant P value (p = 0.04). Functional outcome per HHS was significantly better in group 1 (p < 0.01) and implant failure in group 1 occurred statistically lesser (p < 0.01). Discussion: DHS with TSP appears to be a good option of management for unstable pertrochanteric fractures. In contrast, the use of PFLP in unstable pertrochanteric fractures in the elderly does not appear to be a good alternative.
Three types of HLA-G+ extravillous trophoblasts that have distinct immune regulatory properties
Authors: Papuchova Henrieta , Kshirsagar Sarika , Xu Lily , Bougleux Gomes Hannah A. , Li Qin , Iyer Vidya , Norwitz Errol R. , Strominger Jack L. , Tilburgs Tamara 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Fetal extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) invade maternal uterine tissues and play a key role in placental development. EVT express HLA-C, a highly polymorphic antigen that can elicit allogeneic responses, and HLA-G, which is associated with immune tolerance. EVT are difficult to study due to the low numbers that can be obtained, their lack of proliferative capacity, limited survival, and lack of cell lines that recapitulate their unique functions. We succeeded in isolating three types of HLA-G+ EVT from human first trimester and term placental tissues that have significant changes in their phenotypes, gene expression, responses to pro-inflammatory signals, and induction of regulatory T cells. These methods and insights are useful for understanding of maternal–fetal tolerance and development of pregnancy complications.
translating a weighty matter
Authors: Everson Vanessa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to examine certain cultural and ethical aspects which make the translator’s task
arduous. Firstly, it is demonstrated that the indissolubility of language and culture (Nida
2002) means that the translator must possess high-level cultural competency and an understanding of context (Herbulot 2004). Secondly, by applying Narrative Theory to translation (Baker 2006), the article highlights ethical considerations associated with translating
certain narratives and advances Fisher’s narrative paradigm as a possible response (Fisher
1984, 1985, 1997). Citing the
example of a translated, contemporary, African novel (Mouanda Kibinde 2004, 2015), the translator-author’s ethical responsibility of prioritizing the reader of the
translated text (Leclercq 2002) is examined against the backdrop of reception theory
(Rosenblatt 1969, 1978 (1994)). The
article concludes by suggesting which courses of action are open to the translator, in the face of weighty, cultural and ethical
constraints (Ortega y Gasset 2013).
Zimbabwe’s Emerging Farmer Classification model: a ‘new’ countryside
Authors: Shonhe Toendepi , Mtapuri Oliver 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The article presents an Emerging Farmer Classification model and its typologies, revealing the dominance of medium-scale farmers, consisting of smallholder and medium-sized farms, in Hwedza district. The article argues that the Emerging Farmer Classification reflects ongoing reconfiguration in Hwedza district and is a result of the changing workings of capital after the Fast Track Land Reform era. The analysis is based on a case study involving 230 household interviews across five settlement models, and 20 in-depth interviews. The article identifies capital as a key driver shaping agrarian relations, following land redistribution in Zimbabwe.
Stuck in neutral? Federalism, policy instruments, and counter-cyclical responses to COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Rocco Philip , Béland Daniel , Waddan Alex 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTFederalism plays a foundational role in structuring public expectations about how the United States will respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, as both an unprecedented public-health crisis and an economic recession. As in prior crises, state governments are expected to be primary sites of governing authority, especially when it comes to immediate public-health needs, while it is assumed that the federal government will supply critical counter-cyclical measures to stabilize the economy and make up for major revenue shortfalls in the states. Yet there are reasons to believe that these expectations will not be fulfilled, especially when it comes to the critical juncture of the COVID-19 pandemic. Though the federal government has the capacity to engage in counter-cyclical spending to stabilize the economy, existing policy instruments vary in the extent to which they leverage that capacity. This leverage, we argue, depends on how decentralized policy arrangements affect the implementation of both discretionary emergency policies as well as automatic stabilization programs such as Unemployment Insurance, Medicaid, and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Evidence on the US response to COVID-19 to date suggests the need for major revisions in the architecture of intergovernmental fiscal policy.
Space-Time: from Indefinite at the Locality to Generality at the Infinity
Authors: Avramenko A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article presents physical and theoretical generalizations of the space-time metrics, based on invariant coordinate time transformations over the intervals of the observed periodic emission of pulsars. Synchronization of spatial reference systems by the observed passage of the wave front of the coherent radiation of a pulsar corresponds to the axiomatic matching of coordinate time scales defined by the observed rotation parameters of the pulsar with the initial coordinates of spatial reference frames within the homogeneous Galileo space of the Galaxy. As a result, all physical processes in such coordinates systems, including the observed coherent radiation of a pulsar, are indistinguishable from each of them. The estimated span of minimum recognizable on the pulsar time scale is 10−12–10−14 s in the extent from several years to several decades and then gradually decreases, reaching limit values of the order of 10−16–10−17 s in the extent compared to the lifetime of a pulsar. The relative size of the resolved interval is within approximately 10−19–10−29.
Nonmetricity plane waves in post Riemannian spacetime
Authors: Babourova O V , Frolov B N , Khetzeva M S , Markova N V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Using the analogy with the properties of plane electromagnetic waves in Minkowski space, a definition of an affine-metric space of the plane wave type is given, which is characterized by the null action of the Lie derivative on the 40 components of the nonmetricity 1-form in the 4-dimensional affine-metric space. This leads to the conclusion that the nonmetricity of a plane wave type is determined by five arbitrary functions of delayed time. A theorem on the structure of the nonmetricity of the plane wave type is proved, which states that parts of the nonmetricity 1-form irreducible with respect to the Lorentz transformations of the tangent space, such as the Weyl 1-form, the trace 1-form, and the symmetric 1-form, are defined by one arbitrary function each, and the antisymmetric 1-form is defined by two arbitrary functions. Presence of arbitrary functions in the description of nonmetricity plane waves allows transmitting information with the help of nonmetricity waves.
Cosmological parameters of f(R) gravity with kinetic scalar curvature
Authors: Chervon S V , Fomin I V , Mayorova T I , Khapaeva A V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We study modified f(R) gravity theory with kinetic scalar curvature reducible to chiral cosmological model of a special type. New method of cosmological parameters calculation based on reduction of two-fields model to standard one with single scalar field is proposed. Parametric correspondence to observational data is shown for massive scalar field, power-law and intermediate inflation.
On conservation laws in teleparallel gravity
Authors: Emtsova E D , Petrov A N , Toporensky A V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Applying directly the Noether theorem in the framework of the Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity (TEGR), we construct conserved quantities, currents and superpotentials. They are covariant both under coordinate transformations and under local Lorentz rotations, unlike earlier approaches. This advantage is achieved by a presence in expressions of conservation laws of a displacement vector that can be interpreted as a Killing vector, as a proper vector of an observer, etc. We introduce, as well, a principle for a definition of an inertial spin connection that is an undetermined quantity in TEGR in the original formulation. The new expressions for conserved quantities and the introduced principle are applied to calculate mass for the Schwarzschild black hole and energy density for an observer freely falling in spatially flat Friedmann world.
Laser Exciting of Bound Photonic States and High Frequency Gravitational Waves in Media during Combinational Light Processes
Authors: Gorelik V S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Multiple Stokes and anti-Stokes satellites (Comb Parametric Raman Processes) were observed in liquids and crystals when excited by picosecond laser pulses of a YAG:Nd3+ solid-state laser with generation wavelengths of 1064 and 532 nm. The Stokes combination satellites of the infrared range were detected as a result of their conversion into the visible spectral region. The bound two-photonic states, corresponding to high frequency gravitational waves, in media due to strong photon-photon interactions is predicted.
Phase transitions in geometrothermodynamic model of charged generalized-NUT black holes
Authors: Grushevskaya H V , Krylova N G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Modern cosmological models are constructed in the framework of thermodynamic approaches developed within a Van der Waals-Maxwell theory of the first-order phase transitions. In the present work we study a geometrothermodynamics of two-dimensional first-order phase transition with the distribution of relaxation times in a configuration space which describes a spacetime with Newman-Unti-Tamburino-like metric. We utilized the geometrothermodynamical approach to construct the model of a charged generalized-NUT black hole. We reveal following features of the black-hole phase transition: there are series of bifurcations of pitchfork type in dependences of the Gibbs free energy on the Hawking temperature, and although a scalar Berwald curvature of space changes sign in the phase transition, black-hole stability depends on sign of the curvature after the transition.
Nucleus Decay Oscilllations, Quantum Nonlinearity and Emergent Gravity
Authors: Mayburov S N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Several experimental groups observed periodic modulations of nucleus decay constants which amplitudes are of the order 10−3 and periods of one year, 24 hours or about one month. We argue that such deviations from radioactive decay law can be described in nonlinear quantum mechanics framework, in which decay process obeys to nonlinear Shroedinger equation with Doebner-Goldin terms. Corrections to Hamiltonian of quantum system interaction with gravitation field considered, it’s shown that they correspond to some emergent gravity models, in particular, bilocal gravity theory. It’s shown that modified proposed model predicts decay parameter variations under influence of Sun gravity similar to experimental results for 214Po α-decay life-time oscillations.
Formatting physical fields and pseudometric manifolds. The dark matter
Authors: Petrova L I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
It is shown that from the equations of conservation laws for energy, linear momentum, angular momentum, and mass, which are conservation laws for material media (such as thermodynamic, gas dynamical, cosmic systems, systems of charged particles, systems of elementary particles and others), it follows the evolutionary relation. This relation, which appears to be nonidentical due to the noncommutativity of conservation laws, describes the evolutionary processes proceeded in material media and accompanied by the origination of physical structures. The physical fields and relevant manifolds are formed by such physical structures. Since, due to the noncommutativity of the conservation laws, the nonpotential inconsistent external actions upon material medium do not converge into the quantities of the material medium itself, this leads to appearance of immeasurable quantities in the material medium. As it is shown, under realization of any degrees of freedom of material medium (to what the degenerate transformation corresponds) the immeasurable quantity locally partly converts into observable and measurable formations and physical structures forming physical fields and corresponding manifolds. However, since this occurs only locally, only a part of measurable quantity converts into physical structures. This means that a certain immeasurable quantity remains in material medium. The dark energy and dark matter are such immeasurable and nonobservable quantities (essence) that emerges due to various nonpotential actions and, due to the noncommuativity of conservation laws, cannot directly convert into own quantities of material medium.
High frequency gravitational waves generation by optical methods
Authors: Pustovoit V , Gladyshev V , Kauts V , Morozov A , Gorelik V , Fomin I , Portnov D , Sharandin E , Kayutenko A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, various types of sources of gravitational waves are considered. The use of the effect of mutual conversion of electromagnetic and gravitational waves in a nonlinear optical dielectric medium is proposed as a promising method for creating a source of gravitational-wave radiation.
Exact solutions of the nilpotent Dirac equation
Authors: Rowlands P , Rowlands S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Only a few exact solutions are known for quantum mechanical equations, and some of these tend to be complicated, requiring special mathematical techniques and multiple particular cases. The relativistic nilpotent Dirac equation has the virtue of allowing highly streamlined solutions for all the existing solvable problems and also adding others not solvable analytically by any other method.
Study of the dependence of the spatial structure of the optical response of a microsatellite on its speed and orbit height
Authors: Gladyshev V O , Strunin A G , Kayutenko A V , Portnov D I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The paper considers the problem of optical radiation propagation in a passive laser reflector satellite orbiting the Earth, along with reflected signal formation at the earth surface. In these conditions, the optical system will be significantly affected by moving media optics, which may interfere with the possibility of receiving the signal reflected by the satellite. The paper aims to develop a mathematical simulation taking into account the effects of moving media optics and track the spatiotemporal structure of the signal as a function of the optical system velocity.
On the metrizability of the affine connectivity space and the unified theory of fundamental interactions
Authors: Koryukin V M , Koryukin A V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We propose the background connectivity interpret as the empirical connectivity, received as the particular case of the transition operator, which had been by induced by the collision integral. Approximating the transition operator by the differential operator we shall demand minimum variance of the given operator from the transition operator for the definition of the metric tensor. As a result we receive with the help of the variation formalism the differential equation of the regression, solving of which can find the metric tensor. By the help of the given tensor we receive the Christoffel symbols. Using the metric tensor and the Christoffel symbols can construct both the Einstein gravitation theory and the Chernikov gravitation theory with the two connectivity’s. Constructing the empirical connectivity theory we shall use the generalized functions, that implies the change of the space-time topology.