bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic farming for local markets in Kenya: Contribution of conversion and certification to environmental benefits
Authors: Tankam Chloé , Djimeu Eric W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrganic farming is a way to address environmental issues. In Kenya, organic production for domestic markets based on local certification represents a solution to both economic and environmental issues. We propose to address this latter issue. Indeed, no quantitative studies have been dedicated to these systems’ impacts on the environment. However, their theoretical benefits can be weakened, first by their functioning based on internal control and indirect external control, and second by the risk of self‐selection since farmers using low levels of synthetic inputs have less effort to make in order to enter in conversion process. Thanks to unique farm‐level survey data along with the propensity score matching method, we assess the producer‐level effects of organic certification for fruits and vegetables on agro‐ecological practices. We show that conversion and certification are associated with organic farming techniques and positive perceptions of different statements about environmental values. However, we do not notice any additional effects of certification compared to conversion alone. Although economic issues are important, we focus on environmental issues that appear as important for smallholders. In a context with no public regulation, conversion‐only farmers and locally certified farmers could be a lever for a more sustainable agriculture.
Modelling the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of ichthyoplankton in the Yangtze Estuary, China
Authors: Zhang Zhixin , Mammola Stefano , Xian Weiwei , Zhang Hui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are an effective tool to explore the potential distribution of terrestrial, freshwater and marine organisms; however, SDMs have been seldom used to model ichthyoplankton distributions, and thus, our understanding of how larval stages of fishes will respond to climate change is still limited. Here, we developed SDMs to explore potential impacts of climate change on habitat suitability of ichthyoplankton.LocationYangtze Estuary, China.MethodsUsing long‐term ichthyoplankton survey data and a large set of marine predictor variables, we developed ensemble SDMs for five abundant ichthyoplankton species in the Yangtze Estuary (Coilia mystus, Hypoatherina valenciennei, Larimichthys polyactis, Salanx ariakensis and Chelidonichthys spinosus). Then, we projected their habitat suitability under present and future climate conditions.ResultsThe ensemble SDMs had good predictive performance and were successful in estimating the known distributions of the five species. Model projections highlighted two contrasting patterns of response to future climates: while C. mystus will likely expand its range, the ranges of the other four species will likely contract and shift northward.Main conclusionsAccording to our SDM projections, the five ichthyoplankton species that we tested in the Yangtze Estuary are likely to respond differently to future climate changes. These projected different responses seemingly reflect the differential functional attributes and life‐history strategies of these species. To the extent that climate change emerges as a critical driver of the future distribution of these species, our findings provide an important roadmap for designing future conservation strategies for ichthyoplankton in this region.
Effects of chronic cigarette smoking on myocardial deformation parameters by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Yaman Belma , Akpınar Onur , Cerit Levent , Kemal Hatice S. , Usalp Songül , Yüksek Ümit , Açıkgöz Eser , Coşkun Uğur , Duygu Hamza 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCigarette smoking causes myocardial damage with several mechanisms such as sympathetic nervous system activation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Chronic smokers have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality associated with cardiac events. We aimed to compare the myocardial deformation parameters between chronic smokers and nonsmoker healthy population.MethodForty‐two healthy participants (mean age 33.48 ± 10.00 years) without smoking history, 40 participants (mean age 33.98 ± 9.27 years) who had been smoking were prospectively included. In addition to conventional echocardiographic measurements, global longitudinal strain (GLS) of left ventricle (LV), GLS of right ventricle (RV), left atrial strain, and strain rate were analyzed.ResultsSmokers had lower peak early diastolic velocity (E) and E/a (early diastolic velocity/late diastolic velocity) ratio in mitral inflow (70.0 ± 13.9 cm/sec vs 77.1 ± 13.3 cm/sec, P = .023; 1.4 ± 0.4 vs 1.7 ± 0.4, P = .011; respectively). Peak early diastolic velocity of mitral valve septal annulus (Em) and Em/Am ratio (peak early diastolic velocity of mitral valve/late diastolic velocity of mitral valve) (11.0 ± 2.1 cm/sec vs 12.1 ± 2.4 cm/sec, P = .023; 1.2 ± 0.3 vs 1.4 ± 0.4, P = .039; respectively) were lower in smokers. LV GLS and RV GLS were significantly lower in smokers (−17.6% ± 3.01 vs −19.2% ± 2.5; P = .013, −18.9% ± 4.4 vs −21.0% ± 4.5; P = .039; respectively).ConclusionImpaired LV and RV deformation were found in chronic smokers in our study. Although there was no statistically significant difference with left ventricular ejection fraction, LV GLS which is the early indicator of LV systolic dysfunction was lower in chronic smokers. The assessment of early harmful effects of smoking on left and right ventricle might be evaluated with speckle tracking echocardiography.
Use of a photo‐realism 3D rendering technique to enhance echocardiographic visualization of the anatomical details during beating‐heart mitral valve repair
Authors: Vairo Alessandro , Marro Matteo , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Rinaldi Mauro , Salizzoni Stefano 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe NeoChord procedure is an innovative microinvasive, transventricular, beating‐heart chordal replacement technique for patients with severe degenerative mitral valve regurgitation resulting from prolapsed or flail leaflets. Use of three‐dimensional (3D) transoesophageal echocardiographic imaging is crucial to the physician operator for device navigation during the procedure and to assess the functional results of the repair at the end of the procedure. Photo‐realistic, 3D rendering techniques have been recently developed for medical use. Philips TrueVue (Philips Healthcare, Eindhoven, NL) is a photo‐realism technique that employs the use of a virtual light source that simulates the interaction of light on 3‐dimensional surfaces. Use of photo‐realism techniques, in conjunction with 3D echocardiography, improves the visualization of morphological characteristics of the mitral valve before, during, and after beating‐heart mitral valve repair procedures.
Pluridisciplinary programmes for innovation: Realities and limits of a promising form of learning
Authors: Ruano‐Borbalan Jean‐Claude 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigher education has adopted an innovation imperative that has driven significant transformations in the sector. A new kind of learning programme, based on problem‐solving, design thinking, creativity and “pluridisciplinarity” has emerged in the last two decades and become an emblematic form of learning to cope with current “complex” economic and societal problems by examining their roots at ground level. The French case study allows one to understand the distance between general policy orientations for innovation and actors' capacity and the need to take into account the local context.
Caeco‐caecal and caeco‐colic intussusception in two half‐sibling Standardbred horses
Authors: Gough S. L. , Labens R. , Quinn C. , Hughes K. J. , Slack‐Smith V. , Hilbert B. J. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis report describes caecal intussusception in two young half‐sibling Standardbred horses. Both horses presented showing signs of low‐grade abdominal pain. The horses remained haemodynamically stable despite signs of abdominal pain and associated tachycardia. Exploratory celiotomy was undertaken in both horses due to persistent abdominal pain and a poor response to administration of analgesic medications. Exploration of the abdomen revealed caeco‐caecal intussusception in one horse and caeco‐colic intussusception in the other horse. An underlying cause for caecal dysfunction and subsequent intussusception was not identified in either patient. Manual reduction of the intussusception was successful in both cases. The horses recovered uneventfully from surgery.
Numerical prediction of notch bluntness effect on fracture resistance of SM490A carbon steel
Authors: Youn Gyo‐Geun , Kim Ji‐Soo , Kim Yun‐Jae , Kamaya Masayuki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present work investigates the notch radius effect on fracture resistance using the finite element (FE) damage analysis based on the multiaxial fracture strain model. The damage model was determined from experimental data of notched bar tensile and fracture toughness test data using a sharp‐cracked compact tension specimen. Then, the FE damage analysis was applied to simulate fracture resistance tests of SM490A carbon steel specimens with different notch radii. Comparison of simulated results with experimental data showed good agreement. Further simulation was then performed to see effects of the specimen size, thickness, and side groove on J‐R curves for different notch radii. It was found that effects of the specimen size and thickness became more pronounced for the larger notch radius. Furthermore, it was found that without side groove, tearing modulus for notched specimens was similar to that for cracked specimens, regardless of the notch radius.
Microbially influenced lacustrine carbonates: A comparison of Late Quaternary Lahontan tufa and modern thrombolite from Fayetteville Green Lake, NY
Authors: DeMott Laura M. , Napieralski Stephanie A. , Junium Christopher K. , Teece Mark , Scholz Christopher A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCarbonate microbialites in lakes can serve as valuable indicators of past environments, so long as the biogenicity and depositional setting of the microbialite can be accurately determined. Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene frondose draping tufa deposits from Winnemucca Dry Lake (Nevada, USA), a subbasin of pluvial Lake Lahontan, were examined in outcrop, petrographically, and geochemically to determine whether microbially induced precipitation is a dominant control on deposition. These observations were compared to modern, actively accumulating microbialites from Fayetteville Green Lake (New York, USA) using similar methods. In addition, preserved microbial DNA was extracted from the Lahontan tufa and sequenced to provide a more complete picture of the microbial communities. Tufas are texturally and geochemically similar to modern thrombolitic microbialites from Fayetteville Green Lake, and the stable isotopic composition of organic C, N, inorganic C, and O supports deposition associated with a lacustrine microbial mat environment dominated by photosynthetic processes. DNA extraction and sequencing indicate that photosynthetic microbial builders were present during tufa deposition, primarily Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria with minor abundances of Cyanobacteria and Acidobacteria. Based on the sequencing results, the depositional environment of the tufas can be constrained to the photic zone of the lake, contrasting with some previous interpretations that put tufa formation in deeper waters. Additionally, the presence of a number of mesothermophilic phyla, including Deinococcus–Thermus, indicates that thermal groundwater may have played a role in tufa deposition at sites not previously associated with groundwater influx. The interpretation of frondose tufas as microbially influenced deposits provides new context to interpretations of lake level and past environments in the Lahontan lake basins.
Off the beaten track? Critical approaches to exploration studies
Authors: Martin Peter R. , Armston‐Sheret Edward 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSince the 1980s, studying histories of exploration has become an increasingly prominent area of scholarship and has attracted critical attention from a range of different academic perspectives. Whether framed as a process of imperial expansion, as a quest for the production of new knowledge, or as a means for certain individuals to establish or advance their reputations, the complex motivations that lay behind European travellers' desire to venture overseas has been examined and critiqued by scholars situated in a number of different disciplines. Growing attention has been paid to those groups or individuals who have historically been written out of traditional, hagiographic exploration accounts, and we have seen the key roles played by women explorers, “indigenous intermediaries,” and various others exposed and investigated more thoroughly. The purpose of this paper is to review these diverse scholarly literatures, with a particular focus on those which centre their analysis on the long nineteenth century. In doing so, we demonstrate that the study of exploration is not just of narrow historical interest, but rather offers a means in which to shed new light on many wider social, political, and cultural processes that were taking place during this period.
Previous Helicobacter pylori infection–induced atrophic gastritis: A distinct disease entity in an understudied population without a history of eradication
Authors: Kishikawa Hiroshi , Ojiro Keisuke , Nakamura Kenji , Katayama Tadashi , Arahata Kyoko , Takarabe Sakiko , Miura Soichiro , Kanai Takanori , Nishida Jiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIndividuals with chronic atrophic gastritis who are negative for active H. pylori infection with no history of eradication therapy have been identified in clinical practice. By excluding false‐negative and autoimmune gastritis cases, it can be surmised that most of these patients have experienced unintentional eradication of H. pylori after antibiotic treatment for other infectious disease, unreported successful eradication, or H. pylori that spontaneously disappeared. These patients are considered to have previous H. pylori infection–induced atrophic gastritis. In this work, we define these cases based on the following criteria: absence of previous H. pylori eradication; atrophic changes on endoscopy or histologic confirmation of glandular atrophy; negative for a current H. pylori infection diagnosed in the absence of proton‐pump inhibitors or antibiotics; and absence of localized corpus atrophy, positivity for autoantibodies, or characteristic histologic findings suggestive of autoimmune gastritis. The risk of developing gastric cancer depends on the atrophic grade. The reported rate of developing gastric cancer is 0.31%‐0.62% per year for successfully eradicated severely atrophic cases (pathophysiologically equal to unintentionally eradicated cases and unreported eradicated cases), and 0.53%‐0.87% per year for spontaneously resolved cases due to severe atrophy. Therefore, for previous H. pylori infection–induced atrophic gastritis cases, we recommend endoscopic surveillance every 3 years for high‐risk patients, including those with endoscopically severe atrophy or intestinal metaplasia. Because of the difficulty involved in the endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer in cases of previous infection, appropriate monitoring of the high‐risk subgroup of this understudied population is especially important.
Characterization of the γδ T‐cell compartment during infancy reveals clear differences between the early neonatal period and 2 years of age
Authors: van der Heiden Marieke , Björkander Sophia , Rahman Qazi Khaleda , Bittmann Julia , Hell Lena , Jenmalm Maria C , Marchini Giovanna , Vermijlen David , Abrahamsson Thomas , Nilsson Caroline , Sverremark‐Ekström Eva 
Published: November 2019

Abstractγδ T cells are unconventional T cells that function on the border of innate and adaptive immunity. They are suggested to play important roles in neonatal and infant immunity, although their phenotype and function are not fully characterized in early childhood. We aimed to investigate γδ T cells in relation to age, prematurity and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Therefore, we used flow cytometry to characterize the γδ T‐cell compartment in cord blood and peripheral blood cells from 14‐day‐, 2‐year‐ and 5‐year‐old children, as well as in peripheral blood samples collected at several time points during the first months of life from extremely premature neonates. γδ T cells were phenotypically similar at 2 and 5 years of age, whereas cord blood was divergent and showed close proximity to γδ T cells from 14‐day‐old neonates. Interestingly, 2‐year‐old children and adults showed comparable Vδ2+ γδ T‐cell functionality toward both microbial and polyclonal stimulations. Importantly, extreme preterm birth compromised the frequencies of Vδ1+ cells and affected the functionality of Vδ2+ γδ T cells shortly after birth. In addition, CMV infection was associated with terminal differentiation of the Vδ1+ compartment at 2 years of age. Our results show an adult‐like functionality of the γδ T‐cell compartment already at 2 years of age. In addition, we demonstrate an altered γδ T‐cell phenotype early after birth in extremely premature neonates, something which could possible contribute to the enhanced risk for infections in this vulnerable group of children.
Peripheral arterial disease screening and diagnostic practice: A scoping review
Authors: Donohue Cornelius M. , Adler Joseph V. , Bolton Laura L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEarly reliable, valid screening, diagnosis, and treatment improve peripheral arterial disease outcomes, yet screening and diagnostic practices vary across settings and specialties. A scoping literature review described reliability and validity of peripheral ischaemia diagnosis or screening tools. Clinical studies in the PUBMED database January 1, 1970, to August 13, 2018, were reviewed summarising ranges of reliability and validity of peripheral ischaemia diagnostic and screening tools for patients with non‐neuropathic lower leg ischaemia. Peripheral ischaemia screening and diagnostic practices varied in parameters measured such as timing, frequency, setting, ordering clinicians, degree of invasiveness, costs, definitions, and cut‐off points informing clinical and referral decisions. Traditional ankle/brachial systolic blood pressure index <0.9 was a reliable, valid lower leg ischaemia screening test to trigger specialist referral for detailed diagnosis. For patients with advanced peripheral ischaemia or calcified arteries, toe‐brachial index, claudication, or invasive angiographic imaging techniques that can have complications were reliable, valid screening, and diagnostic tools to inform management decisions. Ankle/brachial index testing is sufficiently reliable and valid for use during routine examinations to improve timing and consistency of peripheral ischaemia screening, triggering prompt specialist referral for more reliable, accurate Doppler, or other diagnosis to inform treatment decisions.
Rapid detection of biofilm by wound blotting following sharp debridement of chronic pressure ulcers predicts wound healing: A preliminary study
Authors: Nakagami Gojiro , Schultz Gregory , Kitamura Aya , Minematsu Takeo , Akamata Kaname , Suga Hiraku , Kurita Masakazu , Hayashi Chieko , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTFor optimal wound bed preparation, wound debridement is essential to eliminate bacterial biofilms. However, it is challenging for clinicians to determine whether the biofilm is completely removed. A newly developed biofilm detection method based on wound blotting technology may be useful. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of biofilm elimination on wound area decrease in pressure ulcers, as confirmed using the wound blotting method. In this retrospective observational study, we enrolled patients with pressure ulcers who underwent sharp debridement with pre‐ and post‐debridement wound blotting. Biofilm was detected on the nitrocellulose membrane using ruthenium red or alcian blue staining. Patients were included if the test was positive for biofilm before wound debridement. Percent decrease in wound area after 1 week was calculated as an outcome measure. We classified the wounds into a biofilm‐eliminated group and a biofilm‐remaining group based on the post‐debridement wound blotting result. Sixteen wound blotting samples from nine pressure ulcers were collected. The percent decrease in wound area was significantly higher in the biofilm‐eliminated group (median: 14.4%, interquartile range: 4.6%‐20.1%) than in the biofilm‐remaining group (median: −14.5%, interquartile range: −25.3%‐9.6%; P = .040). The presence of remaining biofilms was an independent predictor for reduced percent decrease in wound area (coefficient = −22.84, P = .040). Biofilm‐based wound care guided by wound blotting is a promising measure to help clinicians eliminate bacterial bioburden more effectively for wound area reduction.
Online intervention to reduce pediatric anxiety: An evidence‐based review
Authors: Santilhano Michele 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTopicOnline intervention for school‐age youth suffering from symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.PurposeA review of the evidence was conducted to examine the effects of nonpharmacological interventions available online for a reduction of symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in school‐age youth.Sources UsedThe search strategy included the databases of Pubmed, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Clinical Trials, and Evidence‐Based Reviews. A combination of search terms was used to identify studies with database‐specific truncations: “Child* and youth* anxiety screen and intervention” AND “meta‐analysis”, “child anxiety” AND “systematic review”, “child anxiety and personal empowerment and SR”, “SCARED*”, “COPE”, and “SCARED* and SR”. Studies published between 2007 and 2017 were included for this review. Twenty studies met criteria and represented level one or two using Melnyk and Fineout‐Overholt, Level of Evidence Rating System for intervention inquiries.ConclusionPositive outcomes of improved physiological, social, and cognitive development are supported in the studies using cognitive behavior therapy such as the Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment (COPE) program. The COPE‐online program is a cost‐effective strategy to complements models used for early screening and timely interventions for school‐age youth who struggle with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.