bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workforce Planning Models for Oral Health Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: O’Malley L. , Macey R. , Allen T. , Brocklehurst P. , Thomson F. , Rigby J. , Lalloo R. , Tomblin Murphy G. , Birch S. , Tickle M. 
Published: December 2020

Background: For health care services to address the health care needs of populations and respond to changes in needs over time, workforces must be planned. This requires quantitative models to estimate future workforce requirements that take account of population size, oral health needs, evidence-based approaches to addressing needs, and methods of service provision that maximize productivity. The aim of this scoping review was to assess whether and how these 4 elements contribute to existing models of oral health workforce planning. Methods: A scoping review was conducted. MEDLINE, Embase, HMIC, and EconLit were searched, all via OVID. Additionally, gray literature databases were searched and key bodies and policy makers contacted. Workforce planning models were included if they projected workforce numbers and were specific to oral health. No limits were placed on country. A single reviewer completed initial screening of abstracts; 2 independent reviewers completed secondary screening and data extraction. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: A total of 4,009 records were screened, resulting in 42 included articles detailing 47 models. The workforce planning models varied significantly in their use of data on oral health needs, evidence-based services, and provider productivity, with most models relying on observed levels of service utilization and demand. Conclusions: This review has identified quantitative workforce planning models that aim to estimate future workforce requirements. Approaches to planning the oral health workforce are not always based on deriving workforce requirements from population oral health needs. In many cases, requirements are not linked to population needs, while in models where needs are included, they are constrained by the existence and availability of the required data. It is critical that information systems be developed to effectively capture data necessary to plan future oral health care workforces in ways that relate directly to the needs of the populations being served. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Policy makers can use the results of this study when making decisions about the planning of oral health care workforces and about the data to routinely collect within health services. Collection of suitable data will allow for the continual improvement of workforce planning, leading to a responsive health service and likely future cost savings.
Predicting functions of maize proteins using graph convolutional network
Authors: Zhou Guangjie , Wang Jun , Zhang Xiangliang , Guo Maozu , Yu Guoxian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaize (Zea maysssp. mays L.) is the most widely grown and yield crop in the world, as well as an important model organism for fundamental research of the function of genes. The functions of Maize proteins are annotated using the Gene Ontology (GO), which has more than 40000 terms and organizes GO terms in a direct acyclic graph (DAG). It is a huge challenge to accurately annotate relevant GO terms to a Maize protein from such a large number of candidate GO terms. Some deep learning models have been proposed to predict the protein function, but the effectiveness of these approaches is unsatisfactory. One major reason is that they inadequately utilize the GO hierarchy.ResultsTo use the knowledge encoded in the GO hierarchy, we propose a deep Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) based model (DeepGOA) to predict GO annotations of proteins. DeepGOA firstly quantifies the correlations (or edges) between GO terms and updates the edge weights of the DAG by leveraging GO annotations and hierarchy, then learns the semantic representation and latent inter-relations of GO terms in the way by applying GCN on the updated DAG. Meanwhile, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to learn the feature representation of amino acid sequences with respect to the semantic representations. After that, DeepGOA computes the dot product of the two representations, which enable to train the whole network end-to-end coherently. Extensive experiments show that DeepGOA can effectively integrate GO structural information and amino acid information, and then annotates proteins accurately.ConclusionsExperiments on Maize PH207 inbred line and Human protein sequence dataset show that DeepGOA outperforms the state-of-the-art deep learning based methods. The ablation study proves that GCN can employ the knowledge of GO and boost the performance. Codes and datasets are available athttp://mlda.swu.edu.cn/codes.php?name=DeepGOA.
On tower and checkerboard neural network architectures for gene expression inference
Authors: Kunc Vladimír , Kléma Jiří 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundOne possible approach how to economically facilitate gene expression profiling is to use the L1000 platform which measures the expression of ∼1,000 landmark genes and uses a computational method to infer the expression of another ∼10,000 genes. One such method for the gene expression inference is a D–GEX which employs neural networks.ResultsWe propose two novel D–GEX architectures that significantly improve the quality of the inference by increasing the capacity of a network without any increase in the number of trained parameters. The architectures partition the network into individual towers. Our best proposed architecture — a checkerboard architecture with a skip connection and five towers — together with minor changes in the training protocol improves the average mean absolute error of the inference from 0.134 to 0.128.ConclusionsOur proposed approach increases the gene expression inference accuracy without increasing the number of weights of the model and thus without increasing the memory footprint of the model that is limiting its usage.
Characteristics of dental note taking: a material based themed analysis of Swedish dental students
Authors: Lindberg Viveca , Jounger Sofia Louca , Christidis Maria , Christidis Nikolaos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe transition from upper secondary to higher education and from higher education to professional practice requires that students adapt to new literacy practices, academic and professional. However, there is a gap of knowledge regarding literacy practices in dental education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify what characterizes dental students’ notetaking and secondarily to determine what dental students express regarding their notetaking.MethodsTo analyze students’ perspectives about the purposes of notetaking and to examine their written notes in depth, three volunteer students, out of the 24 students that voluntarily and anonymously handed in their notes, were interviewed. The three undergraduate dental students that participated in this material-based, semi-structured interview study, framed within a New Literacy Studies approach, were on their third year (6th semester). The focus of these material-based interviews was on each student’s notes. Questions prepared for semi-structured interviews were open-ended and allowed for individual follow-up questions related to the interviewee’s answer. To analyze the outcome of the interviews a thematic analysis was used.ResultsFrom the material-based interviews eight themes that relate towhat,howandfor what purposestudents write were discerned. These eight themes include professional vocabulary, core content as well as clinical examples that belong towhatstudents read and write; multimodal accentuation as well as synthesis that belong tohowstudents read and write; and mnemonic strategies, academic purposes, and professional purposes that belong tofor what purposestudents read and write.ConclusionsFindings from the interviews indicate that the digital development, offering a variety of available tools, has expanded the notion of notetaking. This study identified that dental students’ notetaking has changed during their education from initially being synchronous, to also include multimodal and asynchronous writing, making notetaking more of a writing practice. Further, students’ writing practices seem to be motivated by their knowledge formation in relation to a subject matter, but also in relation to their experiences during clinical training. Although, our hypothesis was that the main purpose of notetaking and writing was to pass their course examinations, this study showed that students that were half-way through their dental education, are aware that literacy practices are for learning for their future profession, and not only for passing their exams.
Annual Academy of Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia (ASCAT) conference: a summary of the proceedings
Authors: Strunk Crawford , Campbell Andrew , Colombatti Raffaella , Andemariam Biree , Kesse-Adu Rachel , Treadwell Marsha , Inusa Baba P. D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe fourteenth annual ASCAT conference was held 21–23 October 2019. The theme of the conference was ‘Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia disorders new treatment horizon; while ensuring patient safety and delivering excellence in routine patient care.’ Over the three-day conference, topics on current and novel models of care, advances in bone marrow transplant and gene therapy, as well as the psychosocial aspects of mind, body and health related quality of life were discussed. In addition, blood transfusion, apheresis, iron chelation therapy and acute haemolytic complications were presented. Quality standards in the diagnosis and treatment of sickle cell and thalassaemia were reviewed. Experts from Europe, the United Kingdom, the Middle East, the United States and Africa reported up-to-date scientific data, guides to comprehensive care, and current research into developing cures and advancing current therapy were described. In addition, oral and poster presentations on novel research from all over the world were shown during the conference.
Effects of ketogenic diet containing medium-chain fatty acids on serum inflammatory factor and mTOR signaling pathway in rats
Authors: Liu Huan , Huang Jingwei , Liu Hui , Li Feng , Peng Quansheng , Liu Chunhong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ketogenic diet (KD) can promote the anti-inflammatory metabolic state and increase ketone body level in rats. This study was to explore the effects and differences of KD with or without medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on serum inflammatory factors and mTOR pathway in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats.ResultsMale SD rats were assigned to five groups: control diet (C), 20% caloric restriction diet (LC), 20% caloric restriction ketogenic diet (containing MCFAs) (LCKD1), 20% caloric restriction ketogenic diet (LCKD2) and 20% caloric restriction foreign ketogenic diet (LCKD3), and fed for 30 d. LC and KD could significantly reduce the body weight of rats; LC and KD containing MCFAs showed anti-inflammatory effects; KD without MCFAs decreased the concentration of mTOR1, while KD containing MCFAs decreased the expression of AMPK, mtor1 and P70sk.ConclusionsKD containing MCFAs showed better effects on the mTOR pathway and anti-inflammation than that without MCFAs.
Pregnancy in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease: an illustrative case study
Authors: Condliffe Robin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Pregnancy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease is associated with a high risk of maternal mortality.

Case presentation
An illustrative case study based on experience gained from management of patients through pregnancy is discussed. A 22-year-old female with a history of a closed patent ductus arteriosus in childhood had been diagnosed with significant pulmonary arterial hypertension at the age of 19. Her clinical condition had improved following the commencement of oral combination therapy with sildenafil 25 mg three times daily and macitentan 10 mg once daily. How should she be counselled regarding the risks of pregnancy and what are the most appropriate forms of contraception? What should the approach be if, despite adequate counselling, she subsequently becomes pregnant? Data to help guide decision-making are reviewed and a clinical approach is suggested.

Conclusions
Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension should be advised against pregnancy and be given good contraceptive advice. If a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension becomes pregnant and, after being fully counselled, chooses to proceed with their pregnancy, then they should be managed by an experienced multidisciplinary team.
The investigation and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in adults with congenital heart disease
Authors: Nashat Heba , Favoccia Carla , Constantine Andrew , Dimopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPulmonary hypertension is not uncommon in adult patients with congenital heart disease and can significantly affect their exercise capacity, quality of life and prognosis. Timely identification and management of pulmonary hypertension in these patients is important. Patients must be allocated to the correct diagnostic group and treatment decided upon, including offering pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies to those who are most likely to benefit.In this paper, we provide an overview of the diagnostic modalities that are used to investigate and diagnose pulmonary hypertension in modern adult congenital heart disease practice. Emphasis is placed on echocardiography, which is the modality of choice for raising the suspicion of PH, and cardiac catheterisation, which is fundamental in establishing the diagnosis. Other modalities, such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography can provide complementary information on anatomy and physiology.Combining all this information into a clinical diagnosis and management plan requires clinical expertise and a multidisciplinary approach, especially when managing this rare and complex group of patients.
Advanced therapies in pulmonary arterial hypertension and congenital heart disease in people with Down syndrome
Authors: Rashid Zoya , Tulloh Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Management of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease and trisomy 21 is complex due to uncertainty over the best first-line agent to use for treatment, and the outcome measures for assessing response to therapy. There are also ethical issues around therapeutic decisions which may require ‘best interests’ meetings of carers and health care professionals.

Case presentation
We present a case of a 35-year-old man with Down syndrome, with un-operated atrioventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy and moderate left atrioventricular valve regurgitation. In the clinic he was visibly cyanosed with peripheral oxygen saturations of 78% at rest. He had very limited walk distance and was in WHO class III.

Conclusions
We discuss the decisions made around the best therapy for his Eisenmenger syndrome taking into account patient and family views on therapy and considering the psychosocial burden of treatment.
Strategies for the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with congenital heart disease
Authors: Liew Nathalie , Rashid Zoya , Tulloh Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is commonly seen in adults who have congenital heart disease (CHD). Therapy is available for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and has greatly benefitted many patients with PAH related to CHD (PAH-CHD) over the last 15 years, with evidence of improved quality of life and prognosis in those with Eisenmenger syndrome and repaired PAH-CHD.
In this review, we describe the standard management and advanced therapies for PAH, which are available in specialist PH centres around the UK and Ireland, and how these are used in PAH-CHD. Decisions around the choice of therapy are governed by commissioning and available evidence.

Conclusion
We explain the different pathways for action and the variety of medications now at our disposal to help this important group of patients.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) related to congenital heart disease (CHD): introducing the CHAMPION supplement
Authors: Clift Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEarly management decisions in complex congenital heart disease include assessing and maintaining adequate pulmonary blood flow whilst preventing increased pulmonary blood flow that may lead to pulmonary vascular remodelling and the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Such decision-making has now largely prevented the development of Eisenmenger syndrome in patients in the developed world, but there remain a large number of adult patients with congenital heart disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH).The CHAMPION (Congenital Heart disease And pulMonary arterial hyPertension: Improving Outcomes through education and research Networks) group was formed to highlight the clinical needs of these patients and develop clinical research and education in this area, using a network approach. A highly attended and acclaimed educational event was held in late 2017, where experts in the field discussed the various aspects of CHD-PAH and presented cases in a variety of clinical scenarios, supported by facilitated discussion, with the aim of highlighting appropriate management strategies.This supplement provides a detailed overview of CHD-PAH, including informative cases with discussion of the relevant management strategies.
Race against death or starvation? COVID-19 and its impact on African populations
Authors: Kassa Melkamu Dugassa , Grace Jeanne Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundBorn in the Chinese city of Wuhan, the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic on global health and economies have been and continue to be devastating. In Africa, its countries grieve for unprecedented burdens of caseloads and mortality due to COVID-19, the virus responsible for the disease. This narrative review aims to establish the scale of the health and economic crisis wrought by the pandemic in Africa, including its impact on the informal economic sector, projections of the effect on national GDP, as well as its political dimensions.MethodsDocumentary evidence issued between January and 8 August 2020 was sought from the Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Searches of published and unpublished abstracts were also conducted from appropriate websites, government documents, organizational reports, newspaper commentaries, and reports issued by global, regional, and local centers of disease control and prevention.ResultsThe COVID-19 pandemic is responsible for a fourfold crisis in Africa: (1) a health crisis: the victimization of frontline healthcare workers and the looming caseload and death tolls with 1.039 million (12%) cases being confirmed and over 22,966 (2.4%) deaths as of 8 August 2020. The highest death toll was recorded in Southern Africa of 11,024 (48%) followed by North Africa with 6,989 (29.2%) deaths; (2) a social crisis: with the violation of human rights, the killing of citizens by security forces and increased crime. This, in turn, exacerbates social inequalities, the breakdown of households, instances of social unrest, and general impoverishment; (3) an economic crisis: manifested by a decline in GDP and mass unemployment; (4) a political crisis: implementation of measures that may not be appropriate for Africa, discrimination of refugees and immigrants, evacuation of citizens to their home countries, resulting in distrust of political leaders and postponement of national elections, and mounting cases of conflicts and unrest.ConclusionLockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak is a prevention mechanism in affluent countries, in contrast to developing regions such as Africa, where it is a race against death and starvation. Policymakers must apply novel and locally relevant prevention and management strategies to cope with this growing disaster.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions and related disabilities in Bangladeshi adults: a cross-sectional national survey
Authors: Zahid-Al-Quadir Ahmad , Zaman M. Mostafa , Ahmed Shamim , Bhuiyan Mahfuzur Rahman , Rahman Md Mujibur , Patwary Ismail , Das Bidhu Bhushan , Hossain Shaikh Amir , Paul Sujat , Shahin Abu , Rahman Moshiur , Haq Syed Atiqul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Nationally representative data on burden of musculoskeletal conditions (MSK) in Bangladesh are not available. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MSK conditions and related disabilities in the adult population of Bangladesh.

Methods
A total of 2000 individuals aged 18 years or older were targeted from 20 primary sampling units (urban and rural) of all former seven divisions of Bangladesh in 2015. Structured interviews were done using the modified Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Disorders questionnaire to detect positive respondents. Standard criteria were used for diagnosing MSK conditions by rheumatology residents. In case of uncertainty, opinion was taken from senior rheumatologists. A Bangla version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire was used to determine disability.

Results
A total of 1843 (92.1%) participated. Among them, 892 men and 951 women participated from rural (n = 716) and urban (n = 1127) areas. Their mean age was 40.5 (standard deviation 14.7) years. Almost a third did not have any formal schooling. Overall, 30.4% (95% confidence interval, 28.3–32.5) had MSK conditions. Low back pain (18.6%, 16.9–20.5), knee osteoarthritis (7.3%, 6.1–8.5) and soft tissue rheumatism 3.8% (2.9–4.7) were the three top-ranking MSK conditions. Rheumatoid arthritis (1.6%, 1.0–2.1), spondyloarthritis (1.2%, 7–1.8) and adhesive capsulitis (1.4%, 0.9–1.9) were relatively uncommon. Among those who had MSK conditions, 24.8% (21.3–28.6) had some degree of disability. Of them, 24.4% (21.0–28.1) had history of work loss during last 12 months.

Conclusions
The high burden of MSK conditions and related disabilities in Bangladesh warrants greater attention of the health system. Further studies are needed to estimate the impact of this group of conditions particularly addressing related disabilities and loss of work.
Evaluation of anti-hypertensive activity of ancient Unani cardiovascular drug “Saad Kufi” (Cyperus scariosus) in adrenaline-induced hypertensive rats
Authors: Nafees Sana , Rahman Syed Ziaur , Amin Kunwar Mohammad Yousuf 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSaad Kufi (Cyperus scariosusR.Br) is a hardy grass-like perennial plant that belongs to the family Cyperaceae. Ibn Sina (Avicenna), the most significant thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age first time systematized the individual cardiac drugs in “Risala Advia Qalbia,” which deals with 63 cardiac drugs which are claimed to be beneficial for heart ailments as well as for psychiatric ailments. He described Saad as a root of a plant that is nodular, long, and slender and resembles the wheat plant. The roots which used medicinally are thick, elongated, slender, and color black and has an aromatic smell with a pungent taste. An antihypertensive effect of 50% ethanolic extract of Saad Kufi (Cyperus scariosusR.Br) [EESK] was evaluated in adrenaline-induced hypertension in Wistar albino rats. The induction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the percentage of inhibition was measured in EESK (15 and 25 mg/100 g, orally) with standard as Metoprolol (0.5 mg/100 g) orally, using tail-cuff apparatus with AD instrument power lab to evaluate the antihypertensive effect.ResultsEESK significantly decreased the induction in SBP as compared to disease control rats (p< 0.05), and there is a significant increase in the percentage of inhibition in SBP in EESK and metoprolol-treated rats as compared to the disease control group (p< 0.05).ConclusionResult data suggest that EESK possess significant antihypertensive activity in adrenaline-induced hypertensive rats.