bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile applications addressing violence against women: a systematic review
Authors: Eisenhut Katharina , Sauerborn Ela , García-Moreno Claudia , Wild Verina 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionViolence against women is a pressing global health problem that is being met with a new intervention strategy—mobile applications. With this systematic review, we provide an initial analysis and functional categorisation of apps addressing violence against women.MethodsWe conducted a systematic online search conforming with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify apps addressing violence against women in five World Bank regions (Europe and Central Asia; North America, Latin America and the Caribbean; Middle East and North Africa; South Asia; and sub-Saharan Africa). Applications with location of initiation in mentioned regions and ≥100 downloads were included. Data on sector, target group(s), year of release, location of initiation and implementation were extracted. By means of a structured qualitative content analysis, applications were then categorised according to their main functions.ResultsOf 327 relevant applications, 171 were included into the systematic review and assigned to one of five identified categories of main functions, respectively: emergency, avoidance, education, reporting and evidence building, and supporting apps. The largest proportion (46.78%) consisted of emergency apps, followed by education, reporting and evidence building, supporting and avoidance apps in descending order. With regards to the geographical distribution of app categories, significant (χ2(20)=58.172; p=0.000) differences among the included regions were found.ConclusionA vast proportion of apps addressing violence against women primarily draw on one-time emergency or avoidance solutions, as opposed to more preventative approaches. Further research is necessary, critically considering questions of data security, personal safety and efficacy of such mobile health interventions.
Korean frailty and aging cohort study (KFACS): cohort profile
Authors: Won Chang Won , Lee Seoyoon , Kim Jinhee , Chon Doukyoung , Kim Sunyoung , Kim Chang-O , Kim Mi Kyung , Cho Belong , Choi Kyung Mook , Roh Eun , Jang Hak Chul , Son Sang Joon , Lee Jin-Hee , Park Yong Soon , Lee Sam-Gyu , Kim Bong Jo , Kim Hyeon Ju , Choi Jaekyung , Ga Hyuk , Lee Kee Jae , Lee Yunhwan , Kim Miji 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) is to initiate a nationwide, population-based prospective cohort study of older adults living in the community to assess their frailty status and explore transitions between frailty states over time in Korea.ParticipantsThe KFACS is a multicentre longitudinal study with the baseline survey conducted from May 2016 to November 2017. Each centre recruited participants using quota sampling stratified by age and sex. The number of participants recruited through 2 years of baseline study from 10 centres was 3014, with each site accounting for approximately 300 participants. The inclusion criteria were: having an age of 70–84 years, currently living in the community, having no plans to move out in the next 2 years, having no problems with communication and no prior dementia diagnosis.Findings to dateTo define physical frailty, the KFACS used a modified version of the Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP) consisting of five components of frailty: unintended weight loss, weakness, self-reported exhaustion, slowness and low physical activity. In the baseline study of 2016–2017, 2907 of 3014 individuals fulfilled all five components of FFP. The results indicated that 7.8% of the participants (n=228) were frail, 47.0% (n=1366) were prefrail and 45.2% (n=1313) were robust. The prevalence of frailty increased with age in both sexes; in the group aged 70–74 years, 1.8% of men and 3.7% of women were frail, whereas in the 80–84 years age group, 14.9% of men and 16.7% of women were frail. Women tended to exhibit a higher prevalence of frailty than men in all age groups.Future plansThe KFACS plans to identify outcomes and risk factors associated with frailty by conducting a 10-year cohort study, with a follow-up every 2 years, using 3014 baseline participants.
Epigenetic mechanisms and metabolic reprogramming in fibrogenesis: dual targeting of G9a and DNMT1 for the inhibition of liver fibrosis
Authors: Barcena-Varela Marina , Paish Hannah , Alvarez Laura , Uriarte Iker , Latasa Maria U , Santamaria Eva , Recalde Miriam , Garate Maria , Claveria Alex , Colyn Leticia , Arechederra Maria , Iraburu Maria J , Milkiewicz Malgorzata , Milkiewicz Piotr , Sangro Bruno , Robinson Stuart M , French Jeremy , Pardo-Saganta Ana , Oyarzabal Julen , Prosper Felipe , Rombouts Krista , Oakley Fiona , Mann Jelena , Berasain Carmen , Avila Matias A , G Fernandez-Barrena Maite 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveHepatic stellate cells (HSC) transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts is central to fibrogenesis. Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone and DNA methylation, play a key role in this process. Concerted action between histone and DNA-mehyltransferases like G9a and DNMT1 is a common theme in gene expression regulation. We aimed to study the efficacy of CM272, a first-in-class dual and reversible G9a/DNMT1 inhibitor, in halting fibrogenesis.DesignG9a and DNMT1 were analysed in cirrhotic human livers, mouse models of liver fibrosis and cultured mouse HSC. G9a and DNMT1 expression was knocked down or inhibited with CM272 in human HSC (hHSC), and transcriptomic responses to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) were examined. Glycolytic metabolism and mitochondrial function were analysed with Seahorse-XF technology. Gene expression regulation was analysed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and methylation-specific PCR. Antifibrogenic activity and safety of CM272 were studied in mouse chronic CCl4 administration and bile duct ligation (BDL), and in human precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) in a new bioreactor technology.ResultsG9a and DNMT1 were detected in stromal cells in areas of active fibrosis in human and mouse livers. G9a and DNMT1 expression was induced during mouse HSC activation, and TGFβ1 triggered their chromatin recruitment in hHSC. G9a/DNMT1 knockdown and CM272 inhibited TGFβ1 fibrogenic responses in hHSC. TGFβ1-mediated profibrogenic metabolic reprogramming was abrogated by CM272, which restored gluconeogenic gene expression and mitochondrial function through on-target epigenetic effects. CM272 inhibited fibrogenesis in mice and PCLSs without toxicity.ConclusionsDual G9a/DNMT1 inhibition by compounds like CM272 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating liver fibrosis.
Shift work and sickness absence at a Norwegian hospital: a longitudinal multilevel study
Authors: Bernstrøm Vilde Hoff , Houkes Inge 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveShift work is known to be related to several negative health consequences and sickness absence. Research results regarding the relationship between types of shift schedules and sickness absence and whether and how individual factors moderate this relationship, are mixed though. The present paper aims to provide more insight in these relationships.MethodsWe used registry data from a large Norwegian hospital gathered for the years 2012–2016, for >14 000 employees. With random effects at the individual and unit levels, we analysed the relationship between shift schedule worked and sickness absence in the same year.ResultsThe results showed increased risk of short-term sickness absence for two-shift and three-shift rotations, as well as fixed night shifts compared with fixed-day shifts. We also found an increased number of absence periods for two-shift rotations without nights and three-shift rotations. Results for long-term sickness absence were mixed, with increased odds for two-shift rotations without nights, but reduced odds for three-shift rotations. We found partial support for a moderating influence of age, gender and parental status.ConclusionsThere is a clear relationship between working shifts and increased risk of short-term sickness absence. The relationship persists across gender, age group and parental status. The relationship between shift work and long-term sickness absence appears to be schedule and population specific. These findings may have implications for HR policies and the organisation of shift work in healthcare organisations.
Supplementing feed with Pediococcus acidilactici reduces Campylobacter load in finishing pigs
Authors: Morales‐Partera Ángela , Cardoso Toset Fernando , Luque Inmaculada , Maldonado Alfonso , Tarradas Carmen , Gómez‐Laguna Jaime 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundPigs are asymptomatic carriers of foodborne bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter species, which can pose a risk to human health. New strategies to control bacteria burden before reaching the slaughterhouse are necessary. This study evaluated the effect of Pediococcus acidilactici on performance parameters and on the burden of foodborne pathogens, that have subsequent implications on food quality and safety, in free‐range finishing pigs at the slaughterhouse.MethodsPigs were randomly allocated and blocked by weight into control group (control diet) and treated group (control diet supplemented with P acidilactici) 31 days before slaughter. Weight and average daily gain were recorded and changes in faecal microbiota were determined at the beginning and at the end of the study.ResultsNo changes were observed in performance parameters. No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing between treated and control animals at the beginning or at the end of the study. However, a significant decrease was detected in the counts of Campylobacter species in treated animals between day 0 and day 31 (4.86–3.40 log colony‐forming units/g; P=0.002).ConclusionThis study indicates that supplementation with P acidilactici represents a useful approach to control Campylobacter species load in free‐range finishing pigs before slaughter.
Renormalization of pionless effective field theory in the A-body sector
Authors: Drissi M. , Duguet T. , Somà V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrent models of inter-nucleon interactions are built within the frame of Effective Field Theories (EFTs). Contrary to traditional nuclear potentials, EFT interactions require a renormalization of their parameters in order to derive meaningful estimations of the observables. In this paper, a renormalization procedure is designed in connection with many-body approximations applicable to large-$$\mathrm {A}$$A systems and formulated within the frame of many-body perturbation theory. The procedure is shown to generate counterterms that are independent of the targeted $$\mathrm {A}$$A-body sector. As an example, the procedure is applied to the random phase approximation. This work constitutes one step towards the design of a practical EFT for many-body systems.
Mouse Models of Oncoimmunology in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Bresnahan Erin , Lindblad Katherine E. , Ruiz de Galarreta Marina , Lujambio Amaia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and incidence is on the rise. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer, with a complex etiology and limited treatment options. The standard-of-care treatment for patients with advanced HCC is sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that offers limited survival benefit. In the past years, therapeutic options for the treatment of advanced HCC have increased substantially, including additional multikinase inhibitors as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab were approved in 2017 and 2018, respectively, as second-line treatment in advanced HCC. These drugs, both targeting the programmed death-1 pathway, demonstrate unprecedented results, with objective response rates of approximately 20%. However, the majority of patients do not respond, necessitating the identification of biomarkers of response and resistance to immunotherapy. With the recent success of immunotherapies in oncology, mouse models that better recapitulate the human disease and antitumor immune response are needed. This review lists ongoing clinical trials testing immunotherapy in HCC, briefly discusses the unique immunosuppressive environment of the liver, and then delves into the most applicable current murine model systems to study oncoimmunology within the context of HCC, including syngeneic, genetically engineered, and humanized models.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЗАЛИШКОВИХ КІЛЬКОСТЕЙ МИЙНОГО ЗАСОБУ NEODISHER LABOCLEAN PLM НА ЛАБОРАТОРНОМУ ПОСУДІ
Authors: Tarasenko N. L. , Savina N. O. , Britsun V. M. , Оstanina N. V. 
Published: April 2020

Мета роботи. Опрацювання простих експрес-підходів для визначення залишкової кількості мийного засобу Neodisher LaboСlean PLM в лабораторному посуді, заснованих на використанні фармакопейних методів (перевірки питомої електропровідності і теста «речовин, що окиснюються»), і оцінювання якості миття посуду дезінфекційно-мийним автоматом. Матеріали і методи. Воду дистильовану і дейонізовану отримано, відповідно, з аквадистилятора GFL2008 і системи Millipore Direct-Q 3 UV. Використовували розчини мийного засобу Neodisher LaboСlean PLM. Кондуктометричні дослідження проводили на кондуктометрі Hanna HI 2300. Миття лабораторного посуду здійснювали в дезінфекційно-миючому автоматі G7883. Результати й обговорення. Визначено питому електропровідність розчинів різної концентрації Neodisher Laboclean PLM. Отримані дані оброблені Excel з метою побудови калібрувальних графіків та створення математичних рівнянь. Ці підходи, хоча не є селективними, проте дозволяють ідентифікувати остаточні забруднення посуду мийним засобом Neodisher LaboСlean PLM в концентраціях, відповідно, 10-5 % і 10-2 %, в тому числі – і кількісно (за питомою електропровідністю, з використанням калібрувального графіка). Подібним чином отримано калібровочний графік для однієї з солей жорсткості водопровідної води – CaCO3. На основі отриманих даних були проведені дослідження чистоти лабораторного посуду після відмивання у дезінфекційно-мийному автоматі. Висновки. Отримані дані (0,8–3,2 і 2,3–10,0 мкг/одиницю на посуду, відповідно, для мийного засобу Neodisher LaboClean PLM і для CaCO3) свідчать, що чистота лабораторного посуду після мийки в дезінфекційно-мийному автоматі G7883 є задовільною для вирішення більшості завдань, які стоять перед аналітичною та фармацевтичною хімією.
ВИВЧЕННЯ АСОРТИМЕНТУ М’ЯКИХ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ, ЩО СПРИЯЮТЬ ЗАГОЄННЮ РАН, НА ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОМУ РИНКУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Glushchenko O. M. 
Published: April 2020

Мета роботи. Дослідити асортимент м’яких лікарських засобів, що сприяють загоєнню ран, на фармацевтичному ринку України за фазами ранового процесу, фармакологічною дією, допоміжними речовинами, застосуванням у педіатричній практиці.
Матеріали і методи. Об’єкти досліджень : Державний реєстр лікарських засобів, інструкції для медичного застосування препаратів. При проведенні досліджень використовували маркетинговий, статистичний та графічний методи аналізу.
Результати й обговорення. Встановлено структуру асортименту зареєстрованих м’яких лікарських засобів, що сприяють загоєнню ран, за фазами ранового процесу, фармакологічною дією, допоміжними речовинами та досліджено їх використання в педіатрії. Виявлено, що в досліджуваному асортименті ринку дерматологічних засобів на 1 фазі ранового процесу частка лікарських засобів (ЛЗ) із протимікробною, анальгезуючою, репаративною та протизапальною діями становить 16,1 %; на 1–2 фазах – 55,6 %, на 2–3 фазах – 42,9 %. Аналіз препаратів групи D03 за типом основи підтвердив перевагу м’яких лікарських засобів (МЛЗ) на емульсійній основі (70 % ЛЗ), у групі D06 – на гідрофільній 33 % та гідрофобній основах – 29 % ЛЗ, у групі D08 – на емульсійній – 40 % та гідрофільній основах – 30 % ЛЗ. Із 54 найменувань, згідно з інструкцією для медичного застосування, у педіатрії рекомендовано застосовувати 72,2 % ЛЗ, 20,4 % протипоказані дітям, а у 7,4 % препаратів безпека та ефективність використання дітям не встановлені.
Висновки. Для українського фармацевтичного ринку на сьогодні актуальне розширення асортименту м’яких лікарських засобів, що сприяють загоєнню ран, комплексної дії, виготовлених на основах із різною осмотичною активністю та безпечних для використання в педіатрії.
ВПЛИВ КОНЦЕНТРАЦІЇ ЕТАНОЛУ В ЕКСТРАГЕНТІ НА ФЛАВОНОЇДНИЙ ПРОФІЛЬ ВИТЯГУ ІЗ ЛИСТЯ ШОВКОВИЦІ БІЛОЇ І ЙОГО ЦУКРОЗНИЖУВАЛЬНУ ДІЮ
Authors: Vronska L. V. , Dub A. I. , Demyd A. Ye. , Hroshovyi T. A. , Klishch I. M. 
Published: April 2020

Мета роботи. Вивчення флавоноїдного профіля спиртових витягів і цукрознижувальної дії сухого екстракту листя шовковиці білої залежно від концентрації етанолу в екстрагенті. Матеріали і методи. Матеріал дослідження – рідкі витяги, отримані методом дробної мацерації з листя шовковиці білої за допомогою спиртових розчинів із вмістом етанолу 10–95 % (об/об), співвідношення сировини до екстрагенту 1:10, кратність екстрагування – 5, тривалість одного екстрагування – 24 год; витяги згущували в ротаційному випарювачі і висушували при температурі 45–50 °С. Вивчення флавоноїдного профіля здійснювали хроматографічними методами, кількісний вміст флавоноїдів визначали спектрофотометрично, вміст сухого залишку – гравіметрично. Вивчення цукрознижувальної дії екстрактів проводили на білих щурах (модель «глюкозного навантаження»). Результати й обговорення. Якісні дослідження спиртових витягів листя шовковиці білої, здійснені методами ТШХ і ВЕРХ, дозволили ідентифікувати рутин, ізокверцитрин, кемпферол-3-О-глюкозид і кверцитрин (мала кількість). Якісний склад є практично незмінним, що пов’язано із розчинністю глікозидів флавоноїдів у широкому інтервалі концентрацій етанолу. Встановлено, що зростання вмісту етанолу в екстрагенті від 40 до 80 % (об/об), приводить до підвищення екстракції флавоноїдів. Екстрагенти із вмістом етанолу 40–80 % (об/об) дозволяють отримувати рідкі витяги з практично однаковим сухим залишком (2 %). Екстрагенти із вмістом етанолу 70–80 % (об/об) забезпечують найвище вилучення флавоноїдів за інших однакових умов (1,17–1,24 мг/мл у перерахунку на рутин, спектрофотометрично). Сухі екстракти, отримані за допомогою екстрагентів із вмістом етанолу 60–90 % (об/об), показали здатність істотно знижувати рівень глюкози в крові тварин під час «глюкозного навантаження». Висновки. Хроматографічний профіль спиртових витягів із листя шовковиці білої містить рутин, ізокверцитрин, кемпферол-3-О-глюкозид і кверцитрин. З підвищенням концентрації етанолу в екстрагенті зростає вміст флавоноїдів, а екстрагенти із вмістом етанолу 70–80 % (об/об) є найбільш ефективними для вилучення флавоноїдів. Сухі екстракти, отримані на основі досліджуваних витягів, істотно знижують рівень глюкози в крові тварин в експерименті на моделі «глюкозного навантаження».
Excessive EP4 Signaling in Smooth Muscle Cells Induces Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Amplifying Inflammation
Authors: Hiromi Taro , Yokoyama Utako , Kurotaki Daisuke , Mamun Al , Ishiwata Ryo , Ichikawa Yasuhiro , Nishihara Hiroshi , Umemura Masanari , Fujita Takayuki , Yasuda Shota , Minami Tomoyuki , Goda Motohiko , Uchida Keiji , Suzuki Shinichi , Takeuchi Ichiro , Masuda Munetaka , Breyer Richard M. , Tamura Tomohiko , Ishikawa Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2020

Objective:

Excessive prostaglandin E
2
production is a hallmark of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Enhanced expression of prostaglandin E
2
receptor EP4 (prostaglandin E receptor 4) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been demonstrated in human AAAs. Although moderate expression of EP4 contributes to vascular homeostasis, the roles of excessive EP4 in vascular pathology remain uncertain. We aimed to investigate whether EP4 overexpression in VSMCs exacerbates AAAs.

Approach and Results:

We constructed mice with EP4 overexpressed selectively in VSMCs under an SM22α promoter (EP4-Tg). Most EP4-Tg mice died within 2 weeks of Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion due to AAA, while nontransgenic mice given Ang II displayed no overt phenotype. EP4-Tg developed much larger AAAs than nontransgenic mice after periaortic CaCl
2
application. In contrast, EP4
fl/+
;SM22-Cre;ApoE
−/
−
and EP4
fl/+
;SM22-Cre mice, which are EP4 heterozygous knockout in VSMCs, rarely exhibited AAA after Ang II or CaCl
2
treatment, respectively. In Ang II–infused EP4-Tg aorta, Ly6C
hi
inflammatory monocyte/macrophage infiltration and MMP-9 (matrix metalloprotease-9) activation were enhanced. An unbiased analysis revealed that EP4 stimulation positively regulated the genes binding cytokine receptors in VSMCs, in which IL (interleukin)-6 was the most strongly upregulated. In VSMCs of EP4-Tg and human AAAs, EP4 stimulation caused marked IL-6 production via TAK1 (transforming growth factor-β–activated kinase 1), NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), and p38. Inhibition of IL-6 prevented Ang II–induced AAA formation in EP4-Tg. In addition, EP4 stimulation decreased elastin/collagen cross-linking protein LOX (lysyl oxidase) in both human and mouse VSMCs.

Conclusions:
Dysregulated EP4 overexpression in VSMCs promotes inflammatory monocyte/macrophage infiltration and attenuates elastin/collagen fiber formation, leading to AAA exacerbation.
What Do the Inconsolable See?
Authors: Baker Robert 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Wisdom is often is often said to begin with a meditation on death or, at the deepest level, with our attempt to cope with the death of another: with our passage through loss, grief, mourning, the risk of despair. Stories of loss and renewal help us to work again, love again, and walk with a lighter step again. Stories of inconsolable grief remind us that there is something absolute in loss: that we are never the same after certain losses, no matter what we tell ourselves. What do the inconsolable see? This essay takes up this question through readings of the story of Orpheus in Virgil and Rilke and the story of Ruth in Marilynne Robinson’s Housekeeping. These stories acknowledge the absolute quality of loss while at the same time disclosing a further clearing, a clearing beyond the ordinary course of things, the kind of clearing we call spiritual.
Summer High Temperature Extremes over China Linked to the Pacific Meridional Mode
Authors: Luo Ming , Lau Ngar-Cheung , Zhang Wei , Zhang Qiang , Liu Zhen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the association between summer high temperature extremes (HTEs) over China and the Pacific meridional mode (PMM) that is characterized by an anomalous north–south sea surface temperature gradient and an anomalous surface circulation over the northeastern subtropical Pacific. It is found that the HTE activities over most parts of southern China (particularly eastern China) are prominently intensified during the positive PMM phase and weakened during the negative phase. Further examinations suggest that the PMM is linked with HTEs in China through processes that entail both eastward and westward development of signals emanating from the PMM site. The westward development is associated with the formation of an anomalous low-level cyclone over the western North Pacific (WNP), which may be viewed as a Matsuno–Gill-type response to the off-equatorial heating in the eastern Pacific. This circulation change is accompanied by anomalous ascent over WNP and northern China, and subsidence over eastern China. On the other hand, the eastward development process is linked to the PMM-induced displacement of the East Asian jet stream and the generation of a midlatitude Rossby wave train. In the positive PMM phase, the above circulation changes are accompanied by anomalous air subsidence and enhanced adiabatic heating, reduced precipitation, anomalous lower-level anticyclone, and rising surface pressure over the eastern part of China. Moreover, the land surface of that region receives more solar radiation. Opposite changes are discernible over northern China. These changes are favorable for the occurrence and persistence of HTEs over eastern China and tend to suppress HTEs over northern China.