bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION DYNAMICS: WHY IS THE INCOME SHARE OF TOP INCOME EARNERS ACYCLICAL OVER THE BUSINESS CYCLE?
Authors: Kwark Noh‐Sun , Ma Eunseong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the United States, the income share of the top 5% income group is acyclical over the business cycle. This study attempts to explain the cyclical behavior of the income distribution over the business cycle, particularly focusing on the top 5% income earners' share, using a heterogeneous agent model featuring a choice to become an entrepreneur. The model economy successfully reproduces the acyclical behavior of the income share of the top 5%. During expansions, relatively more people become entrepreneurs at the top, which offsets the decline in the income share of the high‐income earners from workers' side.
Study on the polymorphisms of HLA‐ABCDQB1DRB1 alleles and haplotypes in Hubei Han population of China
Authors: Zou Jie , Shen Gang , Qiang Wen , Zhu Yuan Yan , Li Wang Xia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to analyse the frequencies of human leukocyte antigen HLA‐ABCDQB1 and HLA‐DRB1 alleles and haplotypes in a subset of 3,732 Han population from Hubei of China. All samples were typed in the HLA‐ABCDQB1 and HLA‐DRB1 loci using the sequence‐based typing method; subsequently, the HLA polymorphisms were analysed. A total of 47 HLA‐A, 89 HLA‐B, 43 HLA‐C, 49 HLA‐DRB1 and 24 HLA‐DQB1 alleles were identified in the Hubei Han population. The top three most frequent alleles in the HLA‐ABCDQB1 and HLA‐DRB1 were A*11:01 (0.2617), A*24:02 (0.1590), A*02:07 (0.1281); B*46:01 (0.1502), B*40:01 (0.1409) and B*58:01 (0.0616); C*01:02 (0.2023), C*07:02 (0.1691) and C*03:04 (0.1175); and DQB1*03:01 (0.2000), DQB1*03:03 (0.1900), DQB1*06:01 (0.1187); DRB1*09:01 (0.1790), DRB1*15:01 (0.1062) and DRB1*12:02 (0.0841), respectively. Meanwhile, the three most frequent two‐loci haplotypes were A*02:07‐C*01:02 (0.0929), B*46:01‐C*01:02 (0.1366) and DQB1*03:03‐DRB1*09:01 (0.1766). The three most frequent three‐loci haplotypes were A*02:07‐B*46:01‐C*01:02 (0.0883), B*46:01‐DQB1*03:03‐DRB1*09:01 (0.0808) and C*01:02‐DQB1*03:03‐DRB1*09:01 (0.0837). The three most frequent four‐loci haplotypes were A*02:07‐B*46:01‐C*01:02‐DQB1*03:03 (0.0494), B*46:01‐DRB1*09:01‐C*01:02‐DQB1*03:03 (0.0729) and A*02:07‐B*46:01‐DQB1*03:03‐DRB1*09:01 (0.0501). The most frequent five‐loci haplotype was A*02:07‐B*46:01‐C*01:02‐DQB1*03:03‐DRB1*09:01 (0.0487). Heat maps and multiple correspondence analysis based on the frequencies of HLA specificity indicated that the Hubei Han population might be described into Southern Chinese populations. Our results lay a certain foundation for future population studies, disease association studies and donor recruitment strategies.
Adherence to the 24‐hour movement guidelines and adiposity in a cohort of at risk youth: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Chemtob Keryn , Reid Ryan E. R. , Guimarães Roseane de Fátima , Henderson Mélanie , Mathieu Marie‐Eve , Barnett Tracie A. , Tremblay Angelo , Van Hulst Andraea 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe 24‐hour movement guidelines provide recommendations for physical activity, screen time and sleep duration for children.ObjectivesDescribe adherence to the guidelines and their cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations with adiposity from childhood to adolescence.MethodsData are from the QUALITY Cohort. Children were followed at 8 to 10 years (childhood; n = 630), 10 to 12 years (early adolescence; n = 564) and 15 to 17 years (adolescence; n = 377). Physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration were measured by accelerometry and questionnaires. Body mass index z‐scores (zBMI), waist circumference, waist‐to‐height ratio and percent body fat were based on clinical measurements. Multiple linear regressions estimated associations.ResultsIn childhood, early adolescence and adolescence, 14%, 6%, and 0% of participants met the 24‐hour movement guidelines, respectively. Meeting fewer guideline components was cross‐sectionally associated with higher adiposity at each visit. Meeting fewer guideline components in childhood was longitudinally associated with higher adiposity at later visits. For example, those meeting none of the guideline components (vs all) in childhood had a 1.66 SD (95% CI: 0.42, 2.89) higher zBMI in early adolescence.ConclusionFew participants met the guidelines. Not meeting the guidelines in childhood is associated with higher adiposity 2 and 7 years later. Interventions are needed to increase adherence to the 24‐hour movement guidelines across childhood and adolescence.
Employability as a compass for career success: a time‐lagged test of a causal model
Authors: Lo Presti Alessandro , Magrin Maria Elena , Ingusci Emanuela 
Published: September 2020

This study aimed at verifying the causal assumptions of a recent employability model examining the associations of employability with different clusters of predictors, and with both subjective and objective career success as outcomes. Through a time‐lagged research design, antecedent variables were assessed at time 1, employability at time 2 and career success at time 3. The initial sample included 1288 Italian employees. Among them, 680 participated to the second survey, and 600 to the third/last survey (attrition rate = 53.4%). Structural equation modelling analyses were implemented to examine associations between variables. Employability mediated the associations between core self‐evaluations, proactive personality and educational level on one side, and subjective career success on the other side. In regards to objective career success, employability mediated the effects by core self‐evaluations and proactive personality. Several implications for both research (i.e. employability and career success literature) and practice (individual‐ and organizational‐level interventions) can be drawn.
Impact of prebiotics on immune response: from the bench to the clinic
Authors: Pujari Radha , Banerjee Gautam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral preclinical and clinical studies have shown the immunomodulatory role exerted by prebiotics in regulating the immune response. In this review, we describe the mechanistic and clinical studies that decipher the cell signaling pathways implicated in the process. Prebiotic fibers are conventionally known to serve as substrate for probiotic commensal bacteria that release of short‐chain fatty acids in the intestinal tract along with several other metabolites. Subsequently, they then act on the local as well as the systemic immune cells and the gut‐associated epithelial cells, primarily through G‐protein‐coupled receptor‐mediated pathways. However, other pathways including histone deacetylase inhibition and inflammasome pathway have also been implicated in regulating the immunomodulatory effect. The prebiotics can also induce a microbiota‐independent effect by directly acting on the gut‐associated epithelial and innate immune cells through the Toll‐like receptors. The cumulative effect results in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier integrity and modulation of innate immunity through secretion of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, switches in macrophage polarization and function, neutrophil recruitment and migration, dendritic cell and regulatory T‐cell differentiation. Extending these in vitro and ex vivo observations, some prebiotics have been well investigated, with successful human and animal trials demonstrating the association between gut microbes and immunity biomarkers leading to improvement in health endpoints across populations. This review discusses scientific insights into the association between prebiotics, innate immunity and gut microbiome from in vitro to human oral intervention.
Epidemiology and burden of illness of seasonal influenza among the elderly in Japan: A systematic literature review and vaccine effectiveness meta‐analysis
Authors: Taniguchi Kiyosu , Ikeda Shunya , Hagiwara Yuriko , Tsuzuki Daisuke , Klai Marwa , Sakai Yoko , Crawford Bruce , Nealon Joshua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundElderly populations are particularly vulnerable to influenza and often require extensive clinical support. In Japan, nationwide passive surveillance monitors seasonal influenza but does not capture the full disease burden. We synthesized existing evidence on the epidemiology, vaccine effectiveness (VE), and economic burden of seasonal influenza in the elderly population.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and ICHUSHI were searched for articles on seasonal influenza in Japan, published between 1997 and 2018, in English or Japanese. Grey literature was also assessed. A random‐effects meta‐analysis characterized VE of influenza vaccines among studies reporting this information.ResultsOf 1,147 identified articles, 143 met inclusion criteria. Reported incidence rates varied considerably depending on study design, season, study setting and, most importantly, case definition. In nursing homes, the maximum reported attack rate was 55.2% and in the 16 articles reporting mortality rates, case fatality rates varied from 0.009% to 14.3%. Most hospitalizations were in people aged >60; healthcare costs were partially mitigated by vaccine administration. Meta‐analysis estimated overall VE of 19.1% (95% CI: 2.3% ‐ 33.0%) with a high proportion of heterogeneity (I2: 89.1%). There was a trend of lower VE in older people (40.1% [−57.3‐77.2] in the <65 group; 12.9% [−8.0‐29.8] in those 65; P = .21).ConclusionsDespite differences between studies that make comparisons challenging, the influenza burden in elderly Japanese is significant. While vaccines are effective, current vaccination programs offer suboptimal protection. Health economic data and cost‐effectiveness analyses were limited and represent areas for policy‐relevant future research.
The relative effectiveness of different types of exercise for people with Mild Cognitive Impairment or dementia: Systematic review protocol
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyan , Huang Xiuxiu , Li Bei , Cai Ying , Cao Peiye , Wan Qiaoqin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate which type of exercise is the most effective for people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.BackgroundExercise is recommended as a promising intervention for people with cognitive impairment. However, which type of exercise is the most beneficial for people with MCI or dementia seems still unclear. The objective of this article is to assess the relative effectiveness of different types of exercise on cognitive function in people with MCI or dementia using network meta‐analysis.DesignSystematic review, meta‐analysis, and network meta‐analysis.MethodsWe will systematically search electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO. To avoid missing the eligible literature, we will examine the reference lists of systematic reviews publication since 2017. WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov will also be retrieved to identify eligible trials. Two independent researchers will identify the eligible trials according to selection criteria and extract data. The risk of bias for included studies will be assessed by two pairs of reviewers based on the modified Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Discrepancies or disagreement will be discussed and resolved. Data will be analysed using pairwise meta‐analysis and network meta‐analysis.DiscussionThis study will compare the relative effectiveness of different types of exercise and identify which type of exercise is the most effective for people with MCI or dementia.ImpactThe results of this review will provide evidence on which domains of cognitive function are more responsive to what type of exercise. It will also help guide nursing clinical practice to optimize exercise therapy in people with MCI or dementia.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020160620.
Long noncoding RNA LINC00346 promotes glioma cell migration, invasion and proliferation by up‐regulating ROCK1
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Deheng , Chen Lei , Hao Bin , Gao Yang , Li Liangdong , Zhou Changshuai , He Xiayun , Cao Yiqun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs have key roles in glioma progression. However, the function and mechanisms of action of the long noncoding RNA, LINC00346, in glioma remain unclear. In our study, we observed that LINC00346 levels were increased in glioma tissue samples, and according to Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, its levels were related to disease‐free survival and overall survival rates, suggesting that a high level of LINC00346 expression corresponds to a poor prognosis. We next confirmed the high levels of LINC00346 expression in glioma tissues and cell lines and showed that LINC00346 knockdown suppressed glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion; promoted apoptosis; and delayed tumour growth. Moreover, the oncogenic function of LINC00346 may be explained, in part, by the down‐regulation of miR‐340‐5p and the de‐repression of ROCK1. We showed that LINC00346 may function as a competing endogenous RNA of miR‐340‐5p, thereby de‐repressing ROCK1. This study revealed a new regulatory network in glioma and identified potential therapeutic targets for this cancer.
Mapping out the philosophical questions of AI and clinical practice in diagnosing and treating mental disorders
Authors: Uusitalo Susanne , Tuominen Jarno , Arstila Valtteri 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHow to classify the human condition? This is one of the main problems psychiatry has struggled with since the first diagnostic systems. The furore over the recent editions of the diagnostic systems DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 has evidenced it to still pose a wicked problem. Recent advances in techniques and methods of artificial intelligence and computing power which allows for the analysis of large data sets have been proposed as a possible solution for this and other problems in classification, diagnosing, and treating mental disorders. However, mental disorders contain some specific inherent features, which require critical consideration and analysis. The promises of AI for mental disorders are threatened by the unmeasurable aspects of mental disorders, and for this reason the use of AI may lead to ethically and practically undesirable consequences in its effective processing. We consider such novel and unique questions AI presents for mental health disorders in detail and evaluate potential novel, AI‐specific, ethical implications.
A preliminary study of cerebral blood flow, aging and dementia in people with Down syndrome
Authors: Thalman S. , Van Pelt K. L. , Lin A.‐L. , Johnson N. F. , Jicha G. , Caban‐Holt A. , Robertson W. , Lightner D. , Powell D. , Head E. , Schmitt F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) at an earlier age of onset than those with sporadic AD. AD neuropathology is typically present in DS by 40 years of age with an onset of dementia approximately 10 years later. This early onset is due to the overexpression of amyloid precursor protein from the third copy of chromosome 21. Cerebrovascular neuropathology is thought to contribute in 40–60% of cases sporadic AD. However, the vascular contribution to dementia in people with DS has been relatively unexplored. We hypothesised that vascular perfusion is compromised in older adults with DS relative to younger individuals and is further exacerbated in those with dementia.MethodCerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured using pulsed arterial spin labelling in 35 cognitively characterised adults with DS (26–65 years). DS participants were also compared with 15 control subjects without DS or dementia (26–65 years). Linear regression evaluated the difference in CBF across groups and diagnosis along with assessing the association between CBF and cognitive measures within the DS cohort.ResultsCerebral blood flow was significantly lower among DS participants with probable AD compared with controls (P = 0.02) and DS participants with no dementia (P = 0.01). Within the DS cohort, CBF was significantly associated with the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) measure and the Dementia Questionnaire for People with Learning Disabilities (DLD) rating (F3,25 = 5.13; P = 0.007). Both the SIB (β = 0.74; t = 2.71; P = 0.01) and DLD (β = −0.96; t = −3.87; P < 0.001) indicated greater impairment as global CBF decreased. Age was significantly associated with CBF among participants with DS. There was a non‐linear effect of age, whereby CBF declined more rapidly after 45 years of age.ConclusionsThis preliminary study of CBF in DS indicates that cerebrovascular pathology may be a significant contributor to dementia in DS. CBF was associated with diagnosis, cognition and age. Notably, CBF decreases at a greater rate after age 45 and may represent a significant prodromal event in AD progression.
Oxaliplatin‐ and docetaxel‐induced polyneuropathy: clinical and neurophysiological characteristics
Authors: Bennedsgaard Kristine , Ventzel Lise , Andersen Niels T. , Themistocleous Andreas C. , Bennett David L. , Jensen Troels S. , Tankisi Hatice , Finnerup Nanna B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and characterization of chemotherapy‐induced neuropathy (CIPN) and neuropathic pain 5 years after adjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel or oxaliplatin. Patients from an ongoing prospective study, who had received adjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel or oxaliplatin in 2011 to 2012 were invited to participate. The patients underwent a thorough examination with interview, neurological examination, questionnaires, assessment tools, nerve conduction studies (NCS), quantitative sensory testing, MScan motor unit number estimation (MUNE), and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM). Patients were divided into no, possible, probable, and confirmed CIPN. Out of the 132 eligible patients, 63 agreed to participate: 28 had received docetaxel and 35 had received oxaliplatin. Forty‐one percent had confirmed CIPN, 34% possible or probable CIPN, and 22% did not have CIPN. The CIPN was characterized mainly by sensory nerve fiber loss, with a more pronounced large fiber than small fiber loss but also some motor fiber loss identified on NCS and MUNE. In general, patients had mild neuropathy with relatively low scores on assessment tools and no association with mood and quality of life. CCM was not useful as a diagnostic tool. Of the patients with probable or confirmed CIPN, 30% experienced pain, which was most often mild, but still interfered moderately with daily life in 20% to 25% and was associated with lower quality of life. In conclusion CIPN was confirmed in 41% 5 years after chemotherapy. The neuropathy was generally mild, but in patients with neuropathic pain it was associated with lower quality of life.
A comparative characterization of laryngeal anatomy in the singing mouse
Authors: Smith Samantha K. , Burkhard Tracy T. , Phelps Steven M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSexual displays are some of the most dramatic and varied behaviors that have been documented. The elaboration of such behaviors often relies on the modification of existing morphology. To understand how display elaboration arises, we analyzed the laryngeal anatomy of three species of mice that vary in the presence and complexity of their vocal displays. Mice and rats have a specialized larynx that enables them to produce both low‐frequency “audible” sounds, perhaps using vocal fold vibration, as well as distinct mechanisms that are thought to enable higher frequency sounds, such as vocal membrane vibration and intralaryngeal whistles. These mechanisms rely on different structures within the larynx. Using histology, we characterized laryngeal anatomy in Alston's singing mouse (Scotinomys teguina), the northern pygmy mouse (Baiomys taylori), and the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus), which produce different types of vocalizations. We found evidence of a vocal membrane in all species, as well as species differences in vocal fold and ventral pouch size. Presence of a vocal membrane in these three species, which are not known to use vocal membrane vibration, suggests that this structure may be widespread among muroid rodents. An expanded ventral pouch in singing and pygmy mice suggests that these mice may use an intralaryngeal whistle to produce their advertisement songs, and that an expanded ventral pouch may enable lower frequencies than laboratory mouse whistle‐produced sounds. Variation in the laryngeal anatomy of rodents fits into a larger pattern across terrestrial vertebrates, where the development and modification of vocal membranes and pouches, or air sacs, are common mechanisms by which vocalizations diversify. Understanding variation in the functional anatomy of relevant organs is the first step in understanding how morphological changes enable novel displays.
Are endocasts reliable proxies for brains? A 3D quantitative comparison of the extant human brain and endocast
Authors: Dumoncel Jean , Subsol Gérard , Durrleman Stanley , Bertrand Anne , de Jager Edwin , Oettlé Anna C. , Lockhat Zarina , Suleman Farhana E. , Beaudet Amélie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEndocasts (i.e., replicas of the inner surface of the bony braincase) constitute a critical proxy for qualifying and quantifying variations in brain shape and organization in extinct taxa. In the absence of brain tissues preserved in the fossil record, endocasts provide the only direct evidence of brain evolution. However, debates on whether or not information inferred from the study of endocasts reflects brain shape and organization have polarized discussions in paleoneurology since the earliest descriptions of cerebral imprints in fossil hominin crania. By means of imaging techniques (i.e., MRIs and CT scans) and 3D modelling methods (i.e., surface‐based comparisons), we collected consistent morphological (i.e., shape) and structural (i.e., sulci) information on the variation patterns between the brain and the endocast based on a sample of extant human individuals (N = 5) from the 3D clinical image database of the Steve Biko Academic Hospital in Pretoria (South Africa) and the Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière in Paris (France). Surfaces of the brain and endocast of the same individual were segmented from the 3D MRIs and CT images, respectively. Sulcal imprints were automatically detected. We performed a deformation‐based shape analysis to compare both the shape and the sulcal pattern of the brain and the endocast. We demonstrated that there is close correspondence in terms of morphology and organization between the brain and the corresponding endocast with the exception of the superior region. By comparatively quantifying the shape and organization of the brain and endocast, this work represents an important reference for paleoneurological studies.
Skin microbiota as a therapeutic target for psoriasis treatment: Trends and perspectives
Authors: Rigon Roberta B. , de Freitas Andréa C. P. , Bicas Juliano L. , Cogo‐Müller Karina , Kurebayashi Alberto K. , Magalhães Renata F. , Leonardi Gislaine R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic, immune‐mediated disease that has a major negative impact on a patient's quality of life. Although several literature reviews indicate that skin microbiota may play an important role in the development and regulation of the immune and inflammatory response of psoriasis, few clinical studies are demonstrating the benefits of using pre‐, pro‐ and synbiotics as a therapeutic alternative at the management of the disease. In this review, we showed the use of probiotic microorganisms that may contribute to skin homeostasis and compiled the clinical trials that demonstrate the effect of therapy with probiotics on patients with psoriasis, an important area for scientific exploration in dermatology and being the first review article to compile this information.