bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epistasis and Quantitative Resistance to Pyricularia oryzae Revealed by GWAS in Advanced Rice Breeding Populations
Authors: Rosas Juan Eduardo , Escobar Maia , Martínez Sebastián , Blanco Pedro , Pérez Fernando , Quero Gaston , Gutiérrez Lucía , Bonnecarrère Victoria 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae is a major rice disease worldwide. Despite the detailed knowledge on major resistance genes available to date, little is known about how these genes interact with quantitative blast resistance loci and with the genetic background. Knowledge on these interactions is crucial for assessing the usefulness of introgressed resistance loci in breeding germplasm. Our goal was to identify blast resistance loci in rice breeding populations and to describe how they interact among each other and with the genetic background. To that end, resistance to blast was mapped in two advanced rice breeding populations, one made of 305 indica type inbred lines, and the other of 245 tropical japonica inbred lines. The interactions and main effects of blast resistance loci were assessed in a multilocus model. Results: Well known, major effect blast resistance gene clusters were detected in both tropical japonica (Pii/Pi3/Pi5) and indica (Piz/Pi2/Pi9) populations with the GWAS scan 1. When these major effect loci were included as fixed cofactors in subsequent GWAS scans 2 and 3, additional QTL and more complex genetic architectures were revealed. The multilocus model for the tropical japonica population showed that Pii/Pi3/Pi5 had significant interaction with two QTL in chromosome 1 and one QTL in chromosome 8, together explaining 64% of the phenotypic variance. In the indica population a significant interaction among the QTL in chromosomes 6 and 4 and the genetic background, together with Piz/Pi2/Pi9 and QTL in chromosomes 1, 4 and 7, explained 35% of the phenotypic variance.Conclusions: Our results suggest that epistatic interactions can play a major role modulating the effect of major effect blast resistance loci such as Pii/Pi3/Pi5. Furthermore, the additive and epistatic effects of multiple QTL bring additional layers of quantitative resistance with a magnitude comparable to that of major effect loci. These findings highlight the need of genetic background-specific validation of markers for molecular assisted blast resistance breeding and provide insights for developing quantitative resistance to blast disease in rice.
Ukrainian and Russian organizations in Sweden and the conflict “back home”
Authors: Voytiv Sofiya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates whether the Maidan Revolution in Kyiv (late 2013–early 2014) and the ongoing armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine (early 2014) have been reflected in the collaboration networks of Ukrainian and Russian organizations in Sweden between 2013 and 2016.
I use ERG models to account for the probabilities of ties between the organizations, depending on the network structure and individual attributes such as ethnic identification and the choice of a side to support in the conflict.
Results suggest that it is support for a certain side in the conflict, and not ethnic self-identification, which drives the clustering of the networks during the most violent period.
Parenting Styles Effect on Career Exploration Behavior in Adolescence: Considering Parents and Adolescent Gender
Authors: Salim Rose Mini Agoes , Preston Melly 
Published: January 2020

In facing the industrial 4.0 era, adolescents, especially high school students, need to complement their knowledge and skills learnt from school with behaviors that can help their career journey, namely the career exploration behavior (CEB). Referring to the triadic reciprocal determinism theory and gender role in Indonesian culture, this study aimed to examine the effect of parenting styles and gender on CEB. Specifically, this study examined the effect of paternal and maternal parenting styles on CEB in adolescent and compared its effect on boys and girls. Participants in this study were 427 boys and 397 girls with an average age of 17 from nine high schools. Career Exploration Survey and Parental Authority Questionnaire were used to assess participants’ CEB, and paternal and maternal parenting styles. Regression analysis showed different patterns effect of paternal and maternal parenting styles on CEB between boys and girls. For boys, parenting that was found to improve CEB were paternal authoritative parenting and maternal authoritarian parenting, while for girls, parenting that was found to improve CEB were paternal authoritarian parenting and maternal authoritative parenting. These results indicated that boys and girls need different parenting factors from father and mother. Limitation and suggestion are discussed.
Experience of using ursodeoxycholic acid to dissolve gallstones
Authors: Tsukanov V. V. , Onuchina E. V. , Vasyutin A. V. , Tonkikh Yu. L. 
Published: January 2020

Objective of the study. A 5-year prospective study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Ursosan treatment for dissolving gallstones.Material and methods. Patients who had single gallbladder stones were randomized to group A, in which 47 people completed the study (16 men and 31 women, median age is 67.6 years), and group B – 41 people 14 men and 27 women, median age is 68, 1 years). All patients of group A continuously received continuous treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid drug Ursosan at a dose of 10 mg /kg per day for 5 years. The patients of group D did not receive Ursosan; these individuals received periodic courses of spasmodic drugs. The patients passed clinical examination, laboratory tests, transabdominal ultrasound of the liver and biliary tract before the study, 2 times a year for 5 years and after the study.Results. After 5 years of treatment, stones were detected in 10.6% of patients in group A. In group B, the incidence of gallstones did not change after 5 years of treatment, that is, calculi were detected in all patients (p <0.001). At the end of the study, no muldoi tiple stones were observed in any of the patients of group A, while multiple stones were detected in 2/3 of group B patients after 5 years of treatment. A distinct decrease in pain syndrome frequency and improvement in contractile function of the gallbladder were recorded in patients of group A as compared to the patients of group B by the end of the observation period. The side effect profile did not differ in groups A and B. The study showed good tolerance of Ursosan for 5 years of continuous administration of the drug.Findings. The 5-year prospective study showed that Ursosan’s efficacy in dissolving gallstones accounted for 90%. Ursosan also prevented the formation of new calculi and reduced the frequency of pain, improved the gall-bladder contractile function and reduced the need for cholecystectomy by the end of the observation period.
Ozonation of natural organic matter and aquatic humic substances: the effects of ozone on the structural characteristics and subsequent trihalomethane formation potential
Authors: Sadrnourmohammadi Mehrnaz , Brezinski Kenneth , Gorczyca Beata 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effect of ozonation on the structural and chemical characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) and its isolated humic fractions, humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid, were studied using Fourier transform infrared coupled to attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, and synchronous scanning fluorescence (SSF) spectroscopy. The results were linked to the effect of ozonation on trihalomethane formation potential (THMfp) reduction for water standards with high THM precursors. Results showed that ozonation at a dose of 1 mg ozone/mg dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was capable of reducing DOC, UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), and THMfp by up to 42%, 95%, and 89% for the HA water standard, respectively. The study of UV/Vis, FTIR-ATR, and SSF revealed trends showing that ozone can alter the composition of DOC in the water standards, causing a significant reduction in aromaticity. The reduction of UV254 for each ozonated sample also affirms that ozone mainly targets aromatic moieties contained in NOM. FTIR-ATR results showed that the reduction of unsaturated functional groups, including aromatic rings and C = C bonds in the water standards tested, were the main components impacted by ozone application. SSF results also revealed that ozonation decreases the fluorescence intensity of the maximum peak – as well as the whole spectra.
The Roles of Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1/ Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-L1/PD-1) in HPV-induced Cervical Cancer and Potential for their Use in Blockade Therapy
Authors: Zhang Lifang , Zhao Yu , Tu Quanmei , Xue Xiangyang , Zhu Xueqiong , Zhao Kong-Nan 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Cervical cancer induced by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) remains a leading
cause of mortality for women worldwide although preventive vaccines and early diagnosis have reduced morbidity
and mortality. Advanced cervical cancer can only be treated with either chemotherapy or radiotherapy but
the outcomes are poor. The median survival for advanced cervical cancer patients is only 16.8 months.

Methods:
We undertook a structural search of peer-reviewed published studies based on 1). Characteristics of
programmed cell death ligand-1/programmed cell death-1(PD-L1/PD-1) expression in cervical cancer and upstream
regulatory signals of PD-L1/PD-1 expression, 2). The role of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis in cervical carcinogenesis
induced by HPV infection and 3). Whether the PD-L1/PD-1 axis has emerged as a potential target for cervical
cancer therapies.

Results:
One hundred and twenty-six published papers were included in the review, demonstrating that expression
of PD-L1/PD-1 is associated with HPV-caused cancer, especially with HPV 16 and 18 which account for approximately
70% of cervical cancer cases. HPV E5/E6/E7 oncogenes activate multiple signalling pathways including
PI3K/AKT, MAPK, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, STAT3/NF-kB and microRNA, which regulate PD-L1/PD-1
axis to promote HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis. The PD-L1/PD-1 axis plays a crucial role in the immune
escape of cervical cancer through inhibition of host immune response. Creating an "immune-privileged" site for
initial viral infection and subsequent adaptive immune resistance, which provides a rationale for the therapeutic
blockade of this axis in HPV-positive cancers. Currently, Phase I/II clinical trials evaluating the effects of PDL1/
PD-1 targeted therapies are in progress for cervical carcinoma, which provide an important opportunity for the
application of anti-PD-L1/anti-PD-1 antibodies in cervical cancer treatment.

Conclusion:
Recent research developments have led to an entirely new class of drugs using antibodies against the
PD-L1/PD-1 thus promoting the body’s immune system to fight cancer. The expression and roles of the PD-L1/
PD-1 axis in the progression of cervical cancer provide great potential for using PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies as a targeted
cancer therapy.
Does Pharmacodynamics of Drugs Change After Presenting them as Nanoparticles Like their Pharmacokinetics?
Authors: Mohammad Jafari Razieh , Ala Moein , Goodarzi Navid , Dehpour Ahmad Reza 
Published: January 2020

:
Nowadays, the breakthrough in different medical branches makes it feasible to designate
new methods of drug delivery to achieve the most cost-effective and the least unpleasant consequenceimposing
solutions to overcome a wide range of diseases.

:
Nanoparticle (NP) drugs entered the therapeutic system, especially in cancer chemotherapy. These
drugs are quite well-known for two traits of being long-acting and less toxic. For a long time, it has
been investigated how NPs will change the kinetics of drugs. However, there are a few studies that inclined
their attention to how NPs affect the dynamics of drugs. In this review, the latter point will
mainly be discussed in an example-based manner. Besides, other particular features of NPs will be
briefly noted.

:
NPs are capable of affecting the biologic system as much as a drug. Moreover, NPs could arise a wide
variety of effects by triggering their own receptors. NPs are able to change a receptor function and
manipulate its downstream signaling cascade.
MiR-335-5p Inhibits β-Amyloid (Aβ) Accumulation to Attenuate Cognitive Deficits Through Targeting c-jun-N-terminal Kinase 3 in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Dan , Fei Zhifu , Luo Song , Wang Hai 
Published: January 2020

Objectives:
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known as senile dementia, is a common
neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and personality
changes. Numerous evidences have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the
pathogenesis and development of AD. However, the exact role of miR-335-5p in the progression
of AD is still not clearly clarified.

Methods:
The protein and mRNA levels were measured by western blot and RNA extraction and
quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. The relationship between miR-335-5p and
c-jun-N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. SH-SY5Y cells
were transfected with APP mutant gene to establish the in vitro AD cell model. Flow cytometry
and western blot were performed to evaluate cell apoptosis. The APP/PS1 transgenic mice were
used as an in vivo AD model. Morris water maze test was performed to assess the effect of miR-
335-5p on the cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Results:
The JNK3 mRNA expression and protein levels of JNK3 and β-Amyloid (Aβ) were significantly
up-regulated, and the mRNA expression of miR-335-5p was down-regulated in the brain
tissues of AD patients. The expression levels of miR-335-5p and JNK3 were significantly
inversely correlated. Further, the dual Luciferase assay verified the relationship between miR-335-
5p and JNK3. Overexpression of miR-335-5p significantly decreased the protein levels of JNK3
and Aβ and inhibited apoptosis in SH-SY5Y/APPswe cells, whereas the inhibition of miR-335-5p
obtained the opposite results. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-335-5p remarkably improved
the cognitive abilities of APP/PS1 mice.

Conclusion:
The results revealed that the increased JNK3 expression, negatively regulated by
miR-335-5p, may be a potential mechanism that contributes to Aβ accumulation and AD progression,
indicating a novel approach for AD treatment.
Construction of a Neuro-Immune-Cognitive Pathway-Phenotype Underpinning the Phenome of Deficit Schizophrenia
Authors: Al-Hakeim Hussein K. , Almulla Abbas F. , Al-Dujaili Arafat H. , Maes Michael 
Published: January 2020

Background:
In schizophrenia, pathway-genotypes may be constructed by combining interrelated
immune biomarkers with changes in specific neurocognitive functions that represent aberrations
in brain neuronal circuits. These constructs provide an insight on the phenome of schizophrenia and
show how pathway-phenotypes mediate the effects of genome X environmentome interactions on the
symptomatology/phenomenology of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge how to
construct pathway-phenotypes using Partial Least Squares (PLS) path modeling and Soft Independent
Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA).

Aims:
This paper aims to provide a step-by-step utilization guide for the construction of pathwayphenotypes
that reflect aberrations in the neuroimmune - brain circuit axis (NIBCA) in deficit schizophrenia.

Methods and Results:
This NIBCA index is constructed using immune biomarkers (CCL-2, CCL-11,
IL-1β, sIL-1RA, TNF-α, sTNFR1, sTNFR2) and neurocognitive tests (Brief Assessment of Cognition in
Schizophrenia) predicting overall severity of schizophrenia (OSOS) in 120 deficit SCZ and 54 healthy
participants. Using SmartPLS path analysis, a latent vector is extracted from those biomarkers and cognitive
tests, which shows good construct reliability (Cronbach alpha and composite reliability) and replicability
and which is reflectively measured through its NIBCA manifestations. This NIBCA pathwayphenotype
explains 75.0% of the variance in PHEMN (psychotic, hostility, excitation, mannerism and
negative) symptoms. Using SIMCA, we constructed a NIBCA pathway-class that defines deficit schizophrenia
as a qualitatively distinct nosological entity, which allows patients with deficit schizophrenia to
be authenticated as belonging to the deficit schizophrenia class.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our nomothetic approach to develop a nomological network combining
neuro-immune and neurocognitive phenome markers to predict OSOS and cross-validate a diagnostic
class generated replicable models reflecting the key phenome of the illness, which may mediate the effects
of genome X environmentome interactions on the final outcome phenome features, namely symptomatology
and phenomenology.
OMEGA-3 Interventions in Alcohol Dependence and Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Propositions
Authors: Galduróz José Carlos F. , Bezerra Andréia Gomes , Pires Gabriel Natan , Pauluci Renata , Noto Ana Regina 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Pharmacological treatment for alcohol dependence has only three approved
drugs: disulfiram, naltrexone and acamprosate. The effects of these drugs are, however, limited,
presenting several side effects and a modestly higher efficacy compared to placebo. The administration
of omega-3 might bring new perspectives to relapse prevention.

Methods:
This systematic review aimed to analyze the available literature, compiling the studies
that used omega-3 to prevent relapse in alcohol dependents.

Results:
The databases used were PubMed and Web of Science. We identified 2,231 studies and
only five articles addressed the administration of omega-3 and alcoholism. Preclinical studies
evaluating the effects of PUFAs related to chronic alcohol administration showed improvements in
behavioral, cellular and molecular levels. The clinical trial yielded inconclusive results.

Conclusion:
Despite the reduced number of studies, omega-3 interventions seem to be promising
for controlling issues related to alcohol dependence.
Recent Trends in the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Therapeutic Options and Drug Repurposing Approaches
Authors: Singh Rakesh K. 
Published: January 2020

:
Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most progressive forms of dementia, ultimately leading
to death in aged populations. The major hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease include deposition of
extracellular amyloid senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in brain neuronal cells.
Although there are classical therapeutic options available for the treatment of the diseases, however,
they provide only a symptomatic relief and do not modify the molecular pathophysiological course
of the disease. Recent research advances in Alzheimer’s disease have highlighted the potential role
of anti-amyloid, anti-tau, and anti-inflammatory therapies. However, these therapies are still in different
phases of pre-clinical/clinical development. In addition, drug repositioning/repurposing is
another interesting and promising approach to explore rationalized options for the treatment of Alzheimer’s
disease.

:
This review discusses the different aspects of the pathophysiological mechanism involved in the
progression of Alzheimer’s disease along with the limitations of current therapies. Furthermore, this
review also highlights emerging investigational drugs along with recent drug repurposing approaches
for Alzheimer’s disease.
Isolation of Morganella Morganii and Providencia Species from Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Authors: Sharma Shiwani , Bora Prapti , Singla Nidhi , Gupta Varsha , Chander Jagdish 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:
The members of the tribe Proteeae, Morganella and Providencia are being
increasingly recognized as important pathogens. The spectrum of disease caused by them is wide
and in reported cases, the mortality is high. Previously both of these pathogens were considered to
be rare pathogens as the potential to cause nosocomial transmission and infection was not much
studied. But their phenomenal evolution and increase in multidrug-resistance (MDR) strains of
these pathogens are posing a major threat toward public health throughout the world.

Methods:
This present study was carried out from July 2018 to December 2018 on all the pus and
body fluid samples that were received in the Department of Microbiology. Samples were processed
as per the standard Microbiological guidelines and also were analyzed for their antimicrobial susceptibility
profile as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute.

Results:
Out of 8425 samples received, 2140 were culture positive, amongst which 19 samples
(0.89%) were positive for Providencia species (9) and Morganella morganii(10). The male : female
ratio of these 19 patients was 2.8 : 1 and maximum patients (13) belonged to 20-60 years. As far as
risk factors are concerned, maximum patients were diabetics (7) followed by abnormal liver function
tests (6), concomitant UTI (6), history of invasive procedure (5), prior exposure to antibiotics
(5) and urinary catheterization (4). About 6 were polymicrobial infections. Antibiotic susceptibility
patterns revealed that Providencia strains were sensitive to ampicillin- sulbactum (77.7%) and amikacin
(77.7%), while all Morganella strains were 100% sensitive to tobramycin and piperacillintazobactam.

Conclusion:
This study heralds in need for more research in this area as infections caused by these
two pathogens are on the rise. Moreover, resistance to antimicrobials is also an increasingly common
problem thus delaying the treatment and prognosis of the disease.
Mysterious World of Lichens: Highlights on Their History, Applications, and Pharmaceutical Potentials
Authors: Elkhateeb Waill A. , Daba Ghoson M. , Sheir Donia , Nguyen The-Duy , Hapuarachchi Kalani K. , Thomas Paul W. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Lichens play an important role in many ecosystems and exist as a symbiotic
association between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. This symbiosis results in the production of
unique secondary metabolites known as lichen substances, which arise within the thalli and are typically
in crystal form on the surface of the fungal hyphae. Recently, lichens and their secondary metabolites
have been receiving increased attention due to their nutritional value and pharmaceutical
potential.

Objectives:
This review aims to cast a light on the importance and variety of common lichen substances (secondary metabolites), which are investigated along with their historical and contemporary applications, use in environmental research and discussion of the commercialisation of lichens-based products.

Methods:
The literature, including research and reviews articles, was analysed and the information was compiled to provide a complete review of Lichens. A desk-based study to elucidate the role of lichens in commercial products was also undertaken.

Results:
The analysis of metabolites, mostly secondary metabolites, has yielded a wide range of interesting
compounds with biological activities from antimicrobial to anticancer. 31 of these compounds
are discussed in detail. Further, the nutritional value of lichens is identified alongside a role
in environmental monitoring and a number of commercialised lichen-based products are located.

Conclusions:
Lichens are found on every continent and have a history of use as food, medicine, dyes and livestock feed. The pharmaceutical potential of lichens is high and several companies are now attempting to commercialise these unique attributes.