bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of conventional and microwave heating on physical and chemical properties of Jasmine brown rice in various forms
Authors: Krongworakul Nucharee , Naivikul Onanong , Boonsupthip Waraporn , Wang Ya‐Jane 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo study the impact of heating on Jasmine brown rice using microwaves compared to that using conventional method. Morphological, physicochemical properties of uncooked and cooked brown rice samples in native (BR), germinated (GBR) and germinated‐parboiled (PGBR) forms were investigated. It was found that the uncooked rice products had similar macro‐composition (amylose, fat and protein). The microwaves heated the rice four times faster than the conventional way. The cooked grains had large, long, narrow, canal‐like holes on the surface and inner portions. The conventional heating filled the grains with smaller, round holes. Both heating methods created B‐ and V‐type crystals with relative crystallinity of 7–8% at 2θ = 0°–35°, an endothermic peak at 42–61°C with enthalpy (ΔH) of 3–4 J/g, and texture with low hardness and stickiness. However, microwave additionally caused higher pasting temperature and viscosity values, and lower digestibility with higher RS at the expense of RDS and SDS. In terms of the rice forms, PGBR was sensitive to changes in the endothermic peak and digestibility. BR was to changes in the crystallinity, hardness and stickiness. GBR was to pasting properties. Microwave and conventional heating are good methods to diversely modify the properties of rice in various forms. However, diversity was noticed only in some properties.Practical ApplicationsThe cooked rice properties are affected by a combination of heating mechanisms and rice pre‐treatments. In comparison to the conventional heating mechanism of electronic rice cooker (ERC), the dipole/polar rotation mechanism of microwave oven (MW) induced higher values of porousness, pasting parameters and resistant starch content. The high porousness of the cooked rice supported migration of gas and liquid through such matrices suggesting rapid rate of drying, diffusion, etc. Powder from such cooked rice with higher pasting viscosity and retrogradation suggested a use in products required high viscous gel formation and then retrograded during storage such as bakery products for sugar‐blood‐control‐needed consumers. The digestibility results suggested that PGBR cooked by MW contained highest resistant starch which is the most beneficial to the specific consumer group. Hardness and stickiness of all rice types were equally acceptable as indifferently affected by both heating methods.
Second harmonic generation microscopy using pixel reassignment
Authors: WANG W. , WU B. , ZHANG B. , ZHANG Z. , LI X. , ZHENG S. , FAN Z. , TAN J. 
Published: August 2020

SummarySecond harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is expected to be a powerful tool for observing the cellular‐level functionality and morphology information of thick tissue owe to its unique imaging properties. However, the maximum attainable resolution obtainable by SHG microscopy is limited by the use of long‐wavelength, near‐infrared excitation. In this paper, we report the use of pixel reassignment to improve the spatial resolution of SHG microscopy. The SHG signal is imaged onto a position‐sensitive camera, instead of a point detector typically used in conventional SHG microscope. The data processing is performed through pixel reassignment and subsequent deblurring operation. We present the basic principle and a rigorous theoretical model for SHG microscopy using pixel reassignment (SHG‐PR). And for the first time, the optimal reassignment factor for SHG‐PR is derived based on the coherent characteristics and the dependence of wavelength in SHG microscopy. To evaluate the spatial resolution improvement, images of nano‐beads separated by different distances and of a microtubule array have been simulated. We gain about a 1.5‐fold spatial resolution enhancement compared to conventional SHG microscopy. When a further deblurring operation is implemented, this method allows for a total spatial resolution enhancement of about 1.87. Additionally, we demonstrate the validity of SHG‐PR for raw data with noise.Lay DescriptionSecond harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has emerged as a powerful imaging technique in clinical diagnostics and biological research. SHG microscopy is label‐free and provides intrinsic optical sectioning for three‐dimensional (3D) imaging. However, a near‐infrared excitation wavelength results a restriction in the maximum attainable spatial resolution of SHG microscopy. In this paper, we present a simple resolution‐enhanced SHG imaging method, SHG microscopy using pixel reassignment (SHG‐PR). We demonstrate a rigorous theoretical model for SHG‐PR and derive the optimal reassignment factor. The simulation result shows the clear improvement of the image resolution and contrast in the SHG‐PR after deblurring operation. The FWHM value of single microtubule shows that SHG‐PR enables a spatial resolution enhancement by a factor of 1.5, compared to conventional SHG microscopy. After a proper deblurring operation, this method allows for a total spatial resolution enhancement of about 1.87. The improvements of spatial resolution and contrast are still valid for raw data with noise. It is expected that this method can contribute towards new insights in unstained tissue morphology, interaction of cells, and diseases diagnosis.
Functional organisation of the endomembrane network in the digestive gland of the Venus flytrap: revisiting an old story with a new microscopy toolbox
Authors: BOULOGNE C. , GILLET C. , HUGHES L. , LE BARS R. , CANETTE A. , HAWES C.R. , SATIAT‐JEUNEMAITRE B. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryUp‐to‐date imaging approaches were used to address the spatiotemporal organisation of the endomembrane system in secretory cells ofDionaea muscipula. Different ‘slice and view’ methodologies were performed on resin‐embedded samples to finally achieve a 3D reconstruction of the cell architecture, using ultrastructural tomography, array tomography, serial block face‐scanning electron microscopy (SBF‐SEM), correlation, and volume rendering at the light microscopy level. Observations of cryo‐fixed samples by high‐pressure freezing revealed changes of the endomembrane system that occur after trap activation and prey digestion. They provide evidence for an original strategy that adapts the secretory machinery to a specific and unique case of stimulated exocytosis in plant cells. A first secretion peak is part of a rapid response to deliver digestive fluids to the cell surface, which delivers the needed stock of digestive materials ‘on site’. The second peak of activity could then be associated with the reconstruction of the Golgi apparatus (GA), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and vacuolar machinery, in order to prepare for a subsequent round of prey capture. Tubular continuum between ER and Golgi stacks observed on ZIO‐impregnated tissues may correspond to an efficient transfer mechanism for lipids and/or proteins, especially for use in rapidly resetting the molecular GA machinery. The occurrence of one vacuolar continuum may permit continuous adjustment of cell homeostasy. The subcellular features of the secretory cells ofDionaea muscipulaoutline key innovations in the organisation of plant cell compartmentalisation that are used to cope with specific cell needs such as the full use of the GA as a protein factory, and the ability to create protein reservoirs in the periplasmic space. Shape‐derived forces of the pleiomorphic vacuole may act as signals to accompany the sorting and entering flows of the cell.
Preliminary clinical evaluation of traditional and a new digital PEEK occlusal splints for the management of sleep bruxism
Authors: Wang Shimin , Li Zheng , Ye Hongqiang , Zhao Wenyan , Liu Yunsong , Zhou Yongsheng 
Published: August 2020

SummaryObjectiveTo compare the manual time and preliminary clinical effects between the digital manufactured occlusal splints for sleep bruxism patients with those of traditional hard splints.MethodsSixteen individuals (18 to 44 y/o) with clinically diagnosed sleep bruxism were selected based on the inclusion criteria. All patients were divided into two groups, and a random control method was applied. Digital splints (test group) were designed and milled using CAD/CAM. Hard splints (control group) were made of transparent acrylic resin in laboratory office. The manual time spent including impression obtaining, splint production and clinical occlusal adjustment was recorded. A visual analog scale was used to report the subjective evaluations. The maximum depth loss and volumetric loss of the occlusal surface of splints in posterior tooth were measured. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis (P = .05).ResultsComparing with control group, the manual time spent in test group was significantly less in all of three procedures (P < .001). The VAS scores for retention were not significantly different (P = .086), but the wearing comfort scores of test group were significantly higher (P < .001). Both maximum depth loss (P = .007) and volumetric loss in test group were significantly less than control group (P = .005).ConclusionIn the current study, the digitally manufactured splints exhibit significantly improved comfort and time efficiency than traditional hard splints. Moreover, the new milling material (PEEK) has better wear resistance than acrylic resins.
The impact of intensity‐modulated radiation treatment on dento‐alveolar microvasculature in pharyngeal cancer implant patients
Authors: Patel Vinod , Di Silvio Lucy , Kwok Jerry , Burns Megan , Henley Smith Rhonda , Thavaraj Selvam , Veschini Lorenzo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesDental rehabilitation post‐radiotherapy often requires the consideration of dental implants. However, these are tentatively prescribed due to the concern of hypovascularisation and possible osteoradionecrosis. Hence, the current study assessed the microvasculature of the dento‐alveolar bone at implant sites taking into consideration the exact radiotherapy dose received to the region.Materials and methodsBone cores were taken from nine patients during implant treatment and compared to nine control patients. Specimens were stained using CD31 and digitalised using a high‐resolution scanner for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the microvasculature. Monaco® treatment planning system was used to volume the implant site providing mean dose (Dmean) and maximum dose (Dmax).ResultsA total of 23 bone cores were retrieved for analysis. The cohort had a Dmean of 38.4 Gy (59.6‐24.3 Gy). Qualitative analysis identified a clear reduction in the miniscule terminal capillaries and high incidence of obliterated lumens with increasing radiotherapy. Microvasculature density of irradiated patients was markedly reduced (P = .0034) compared to the control group with an inverse correlation to RT doses (P < .0001). Specifically, doses up to 30 Gy appear to preserve sufficient vascularisation (~77% in comparison with control) and tissue architecture. By contrast, exposure to higher doses 40%‐61% of the micro‐vessels were lost.ConclusionIntensity‐modulated radiotherapy doses above 30 Gy identified reduction in microvasculature which is a lower threshold than previously accepted. In pharyngeal cancer patients’ doses to the jaw bones often exceed this threshold. Coupled with favourable survival in certain oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cancer, dental rehabilitation via implants provides a significant clinical challenge.
CATA vs. FCP for a rapid descriptive analysis in sensory characterization of fish
Authors: Silva Frederica , Duarte Ana M. , Mendes Susana , Pinto Filipa R. , Barroso Sónia , Ganhão Rui , Gil Maria M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStoring non‐marketable fish aboard fishing vessels takes up valuable storage space and, consequently, it is usually discarded. Therefore, the strategy to minimize the amount of discarded fish and boost the fishing economy should entail measures to turn unexploited species into marketable fish. The use of sensory descriptive analysis is usually the first step in the characterization of foods and assess their baseline appeal to the final consumer. In this study, the sensory characterization of five unexploited fish species was conducted, using a semi‐trained panel, with the objective of establishing the appeal and marketability of these species. Check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) and Free Choice Profiling (FCP) were used to obtain descriptive attributes. Correspondence Analysis (CA) was used to examine CATA data and to compare both sensory methods, while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for FCP data analysis. The results obtained with CATA method allowed to differentiate species by appearance, odor and flavor, while appearance and odor were statistically significant descriptors in FCP. CATA method was found to be more suitable to discriminate fish species, presenting a higher discriminatory power than FCP.Practical ApplicationsFor CATA and FCP methods, using a panel of tasters with short training may increase the quality of a descriptive profile by avoiding the use of less accurate descriptors and ensure that the most relevant descriptors are included, especially in the case of CATA. In this study, both methods were suitable for fish profiling, although they provide different sensory characterization for the different samples. The statistical methods applied allowed to statistically identify significant attributes for each fish species and to differentiate from each other. When comparing both tested sensory methods, CATA reveals a greater discriminatory character compared to FCP. This can be explained by the absence of a support list of descriptors in the FCP that limits the choice of attributes by the panelists.
Response to ‘hepatitis C cure improved patient‐reported outcomes in patients with and without liver fibrosis in a prospective study at a large urban medical center’
Authors: Sung Julie C. , Wyatt Brooke E. , Perumalswami Ponni V. , Branch Andrea D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPatient‐reported outcomes (PROs) are important measures of quality of life. Direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) drugs for hepatitis C virus (HCV) improved PROs in clinical trials. We prospectively evaluated the impact of DAA‐based HCV cure on PROs and liver‐related outcomes in real‐world patients at a large urban medical centre. The Short Form (SF)‐36 and three additional validated instruments were used. F3–4 fibrosis was defined as >9.6 kPa by transient elastography (TE); S2–3 steatosis was defined as >270 dB/m by TE‐controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Data were analysed by paired and unpaired t tests. Patients (n = 16) who did not achieve a sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12) were excluded. The study achieved its primary endpoint and showed a significant 30% improvement in the SF‐36 vitality score, measured baseline to SVR12: 63 vs 82, P < .001 (n = 111). Scores in 24 of 25 PRO domains improved at SVR12 (P < .05). Nearly all gains exceeded 5%, indicating their clinical significance. Transaminase values and liver stiffness improved (decreased) significantly, baseline to SVR12 (p<0.005), but steatosis was unchanged (p=0.58). Patients with baseline F0–2 fibrosis and those with F3–F4 fibrosis both improved in 22 domains. Patients with baseline S0–S1 steatosis improved in more domains (23) than patients with S2–S3 steatosis (19). At baseline, patients with F3–F4 fibrosis and patients with S2–3 steatosis had worse scores in certain PRO domains than patients with F0–2 fibrosis or S0–S1 steatosis, but this difference resolved by SVR12. HCV cure led to meaningful gains in PROs, and these findings may encourage patients to seek treatment.
A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of imidafenacin in patients with overactive bladder in Taiwan
Authors: Chuang Yao‐Chi , Lin Chih‐Chieh , Chow Po‐Ming , Lien Chi‐Shun , Tsui Ke‐Hung , Chou Chieh‐Lung , Lee Hsiang‐Ying , Meng En , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the efficacy and safety of imidafenacin 0.1 mg twice daily vs placebo for Taiwanese patients with overactive bladder (OAB) after a 12‐week oral administration.MethodsThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, two‐arm, parallel‐group, prospective study enrolled 118 patients across 11 study sites in Taiwan. Subjects were randomized to imidafenacin or placebo in a 2:1 ratio and entered the 12‐week treatment period. At the subsequent visits, efficacy outcome measures and safety assessments were collected for analysis. The primary efficacy outcome was the change in the mean number of micturitions per day. Secondary endpoints included mean changes from baseline in urgency episodes and urge incontinence episodes per day and mean volume voided per micturition. Safety outcomes were also collected and compared between groups.ResultsA total of 78 and 40 patients were allocated to the imidafenacin and placebo groups, respectively. Among them, 100 patients (imidafenacin, 65 and placebo, 35) completed the trial. Compared with placebo, imidafenacin was significantly better at reducing the number of micturitions per day (−1.29 ± 2.23 vs ‐0.46 ± 3.49, P = .0171) and reducing the mean number of urge incontinence episodes (−0.15 ± 0.52 vs 0.04 ± 0.50, P = .0386) at week 12. Adverse events were reported in 35 subjects (44.9%) and 16 (40%) in the imidafenacin and placebo groups, including constipation (n = 3, 4), dry mouth (n = 11, 2), and urinary tract infection (n = 7, 4), respectively. One patient in the imidafenacin group had mild dysuria.ConclusionImidafenacin demonstrated efficacy and safety in the treatment of OAB in Taiwanese patients.
Is the legal framework by itself enough for successful WHO code implementation? A case study from Ethiopia
Authors: Laillou Arnaud , Gerba Heran , Zelalem Meseret , Moges Dereje , Abera Wendafrash , Chuko Tesfaye , Getahun Betre , Kahsay Hilemicael , Chitekwe Stanley 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince 2016, Ethiopia has passed several proclamations and directives to regulate the promotion of commercial breastmilk substitute (BMS). Ethiopia's market potential will undoubtedly be the gravitating point for international infant formula companies due to growing urbanization, purchasing power, population, and the relatively low use of BMS to‐date. The aim of this review is to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the existing laws, standards, and monitoring documents used to regulate the marketing of BMSs in Ethiopia and make future recommendations. The study findings highlighted that the regulation on marketing are comprehensive and strong to limit the promotion of infant formula. On the other hand, the regulation on marketing of follow‐up formulas, complementary foods, and growing‐up milk by manufacturers and distributors, media houses, and communication and advertisement agencies are underregulated, especially with regards to the international 69.9 regulation. The monitoring and enforcement of the existing marketing regulations remain limited in the absence of a formal coordination mechanism. Several violations of the national BMS regulations were observed. Forty‐one percent of mothers reported observing the BMS advertising and logos were detected in 36% of health facilities assessed. In 100% of cases, the infant formula labels contained violations. As the lead national authority mandated to regulate food safety, the Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority needs to update its regulations related to the marketing of BMS to fill the loopholes and revise the national law in line with the international code of marketing of BMSs to protect breastfeeding.
The Influence of Health in Early Adulthood on Male Fertility
Authors: Barclay Kieron , Kolk Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite the large literature examining predictors of fertility, previous research has not offered a population‐level perspective on how health in early adulthood is related to male fertility. Using Swedish population and military conscription registers, we study how body mass index (BMI), physical fitness, and height are associated with total fertility and parity transitions by 2012 among 405,427 Swedish men born 1965–1972, meaning we observe fertility up to age 40 or older. Applying linear regression and sibling fixed effects, we find that these anthropometric measures are strong predictors of fertility, even after accounting for education and cumulative income. Men with a “normal” BMI and in the highest decile of physical fitness have the most children. Men who were obese at ages 17–20 had a relative probability of childlessness almost twice as high as men who had a “normal” BMI, and men in the bottom decile of physical fitness had a relatively probability of childlessness more than 50 percent higher than men in the top decile. In sibling comparison models the tallest men have the most children and men in the lowest two deciles of height have significantly lower fertility. Further analyses show that the strong associations persist even among men who married.
Ozone tolerant maize hybrids maintain Rubisco content and activity during long‐term exposure in the field
Authors: Choquette Nicole E. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. , Bezodis William , Cavanagh Amanda P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOzone pollution is a damaging air pollutant that reduces maize yields equivalently to nutrient deficiency, heat, and aridity stress. Therefore, understanding the physiological and biochemical responses of maize to ozone pollution and identifying traits predictive of ozone tolerance is important. In this study, we examined the physiological, biochemical and yield responses of six maize hybrids to elevated ozone in the field using Free Air Ozone Enrichment. Elevated ozone stress reduced photosynthetic capacity, in vivo and in vitro, decreasing Rubisco content, but not activation state. Contrary to our hypotheses, variation in maize hybrid responses to ozone was not associated with stomatal limitation or antioxidant pools in maize. Rather, tolerance to ozone stress in the hybrid B73 × Mo17 was correlated with maintenance of leaf N content. Sensitive lines showed greater ozone‐induced senescence and loss of photosynthetic capacity compared to the tolerant line.
The oxygen isotopic signature of soil‐ and plant‐derived sulphate is controlled by fertilizer type and water source
Authors: Novak Vlastimil , Khatri Purna Kumar , Laursen Kristian Holst 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe oxygen isotope signature of sulphate (δ18Osulphate) is increasingly used to study nutritional fluxes and sulphur transformation processes in a variety of natural environments. However, mechanisms controlling the δ18Osulphate signature in soil–plant systems are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine key factors, which affect δ18Osulphate values in soil and plants. The impact of an 18O‐water isotopic gradient and different types of fertilizers was investigated in a soil incubation study and a radish (Raphanus sativus L.) greenhouse growth experiment. Water provided 31–64% of oxygen atoms in soil sulphate formed via mineralization of organic residues (green and chicken manures) while 49% of oxygen atoms were derived from water during oxidation of elemental sulphur. In contrast, δ18Osulphate values of synthetic fertilizer were not affected by soil water. Correlations between soil and plant δ18Osulphate values were controlled by water δ18O values and fertilizer treatments. Additionally, plant δ34S data showed that the sulphate isotopic composition of plants is a function of S assimilation. This study documents the potential of using compound‐specific isotope ratio analysis for investigating and tracing fertilization strategies in agricultural and environmental studies.