bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing prospective mathematics teachers’ diagnostic processes in a simulated environment
Authors: Wildgans-Lang Angelika , Scheuerer Sarah , Obersteiner Andreas , Fischer Frank , Reiss Kristina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDiagnostic competences are an essential facet of teacher competence. Many studies have investigated the quality of teachers’ judgments of students’ competences. However, little is known about the processes that lead to these judgments and about the ways to promote these processes in the early phase of teacher training. The aim of the research project on which we report in this paper was to develop a simulated computer-based environment that allows assessing and promoting the diagnostic processes of prospective teachers. In the simulated environment, ‘virtual third-graders’ solve mathematical problems. Participants are asked to diagnose the students’ competence levels according to a theoretical model, which has been empirically validated. Participants can repeatedly select mathematical problems of varying difficulty levels, assign them to a virtual student, and then receive the student’s written solution. In this paper, we present the conceptualization of the simulated environment. We also report on the results of a pilot study with 91 prospective primary school mathematics teachers to analyze whether the environment allows an assessment of individual differences in diagnostic processes. The majority of participants rated the environment as authentic and as one in which they could become immersed. Overall, participants were fairly accurate in their diagnoses concerning the student’s competence level. However, log data and participants’ written notes indicated that there was large variability in their diagnostic processes. Participants varied greatly in the number of mathematical problems they assigned to a student during their diagnostic process, and in how strongly the difficulty of these problems deviated from the student’s true competence level. Overall, the data suggest that the simulated environment has the potential to assess diagnostic processes in a valid way. We discuss open questions and issues for further development.
Qualities of mathematical discourses in kindergartens
Authors: Hundeland Per Sigurd , Carlsen Martin , Erfjord Ingvald 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study we investigated qualities of the mathematical discourse in four kindergarten classes in which kindergarten teachers and 5-year-old children engaged in mathematical learning activities. We analysed differences in the mathematical discourses in two experimental kindergarten classes and two control kindergarten classes, in a research and development project. The overarching research question guiding our study was as follows: what characterises the mathematical discourse unfolding in kindergarten classes? In our study we drew on the theoretical framework Mathematical Discourse in Instruction coined by Adler and Ronda, as we quantified the collected qualitative data. Our analyses identified significant characteristics of mathematical discourse with respect to the children’s opportunities to contribute with ideas and arguments. The discourse in the kindergartens differed both with respect to the extent and nature of verbal utterances among the participants, as well as the mathematical engagement nurtured amongst the children. Moreover, the mathematical discourse within the experimental kindergarten classes, to a greater extent than that in the control kindergarten classes, initiated opportunities for the participating children’s mathematical learning.
Krankheitsbedingte Fehlzeiten des Pflegepersonals eines Maximalversorgers – Analyse und Handlungsanweisungen
Authors: Röper Johann , Fleßa Steffen 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Krankheitsbedingte Fehlzeiten stellen im gesundheitsbetrieblichen Leistungserstellungsprozess Produktivitätsminderungen dar. Angesichts knapper Pflegefachkräfte, des demografischen Wandels und der Veränderung des Krankheitspanoramas sind die Kenntnis und das Management von Ausfällen in der betrieblichen Zielkonzeption zu verankern, um die Leistungsbereitschaft sicherzustellen. Für die systematische Einordnung möglicher Ausfallursachen und Ableitung von Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Produktivitätsverlusten wird ein auf die Krankenpflege ausgerichtetes Modell entwickelt und vorgestellt. Dieses soll die Analyse von Fehlzeitendaten der Pflegekräfte eines maximalversorgenden Krankenhauses strukturieren.

Ziel
Ziele dieser Studie sind die Entwicklung eines Analysemodells für Fehlzeiten von Pflegepersonal in Krankenhäusern und dessen Anwendung auf Fehlzeitendaten eines maximalversorgenden Krankenhauses. Mithilfe des Modells sollen die Ursachen für Fehlzeiten systematisch erfasst, strukturiert und schließlich analysiert werden. Aus den Analyseergebnissen sollen schließlich Ansatzpunkte, wie sich Fehlzeiten betrieblich steuern lassen könnten, abgeleitet werden.

Methodik
Zur Analyse von Fehlzeiten im Pflegeberuf wird ein systematischer Ordnungsrahmen entwickelt. Die Anwendung der Analysemethode erfolgt am Beispiel eines deutschen maximalversorgenden Krankenhauses, das Daten zur wissenschaftlichen Auswertung zur Verfügung stellte. Im Betrachtungszeitraum von 2 Jahren wurde ein Datensatz von 73.996 registrierten Ausfällen von rund 1500 Pflegekräften explorativ analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Das Modell zur Analyse von Fehlzeiten beweist seine Anwendbarkeit für die Strukturierung und die systematische Erfassung von Ausfallursachen. Der erarbeitete Denkrahmen liefert damit sowohl einen wissenschaftlichen als auch praktischen Beitrag und kann in weiteren Fehlzeitenanalysen Anwendung finden. Als wichtiger Ansatzpunkt zur Reduktion der Fehlzeiten am Erfahrungsobjekt erweist sich die Homogenisierung der Personalstruktur, die an den Organisationeinheiten ansetzen sollte. Diese kann z. B. über den Altersdurchschnitt gesteuert werden, da den Ergebnissen zufolge ältere Pflegekräfte im Durchschnitt deutlich höhere krankheitsbedingte Fehlzeiten verursachen als junge. Männliche Pflegekräfte fehlten indes krankheitsbedingt öfter als weibliche. Darüber hinaus sollte anhand von Mitarbeitergesprächen regelmäßig der Kontakt zur Belegschaft gesucht werden, um motivationsbedingte Fehlzeiten zu verhindern und frühzeitig Kenntnis über etwaige Probleme zu erlangen.

Fazit
Die erarbeitete Analysemethode ermöglicht die systematische Erfassung und Untersuchung von Fehlzeiten. Eine Reduktion der Fehlzeiten ist möglich. Sie erfordert die konsequente Umsetzung von Maßnahmen, die sich in der betrieblichen Zielkonzeption wiederfinden müssen.
Herausforderungen und Entwicklungsperspektiven des Steuersystems
Authors: Niemann Rainer , Schreiber Ulrich 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungWir gehen von den großen ökonomischen und gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen Digitalisierung, ökonomische Ungleichheit und Klimawandel aus und untersuchen daraus resultierende Entwicklungsperspektiven für die Steuersysteme Deutschlands und Österreichs. Die Digitalisierung erschwert die Besteuerung wegen abnehmender physischer Präsenz und zunehmender internationaler Mobilität der Steuerbasen. Da Arbeitseinkommen international wenig mobil sind, werden Steuern auf Arbeitseinkommen ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der beiden Steuersysteme bleiben. Auch die Umsatzsteuer, die den international kaum mobilen lokalen Konsum trifft, wird ihre Bedeutung behalten. Dagegen werden Steuern, welche international mobile Unternehmensgewinne treffen, an Bedeutung verlieren, solange der Steuerwettbewerb nicht wirksam durch internationale Kooperation eingedämmt wird. Die Besteuerung der Gewinne sollte deshalb stärker auf die weitgehend immobilen, letztbegünstigten natürlichen Personen ausgerichtet sein. Zur steuerlichen Korrektur ökonomischer Ungleichheit ist die Vermögensteuer vor allem wegen der internationalen Ausweichmöglichkeiten und der hohen Erhebungs- und Befolgungskosten wenig geeignet. Hier bietet sich eher die Erbschaft- und Schenkungsteuer an; die Verschonung von Unternehmensvermögen ist damit aber nicht zu vereinbaren. Sofern die Besteuerung dem Klimaschutz dienen soll, ist eine einheitliche globale Steuer auf CO2erforderlich, deren Höhe sich nach der zu erreichenden Emissionsminderung richtet. Da es auf kurze und mittlere Sicht schwer ist, Umweltsteuern auszuweichen, sind deren Verteilungswirkungen zu beachten.
Vitamin D and Haematopoiesis
Authors: Brown Geoffrey , Kutner Andrzej , Marcinkowska Ewa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review examines the influences of active vitamin D on ‘developmental’ haematopoiesis and the immune cells produced. Haematopoiesis gives rise to the platelets, erythrocytes and a wide range of immune cell types each of which performs a specific role to protect the organism from a myriad of infectious agents. The newly produced immune cells, for example, monocytes, dendritic cells and T and B lymphocytes, are activated in response to the presence of an infectious agent and differentiate further to perform their roles.Recent FindingsBinding of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the most active metabolite of vitamin D3, to its receptor, the vitamin D receptor, regulates the expression of very many different genes and therefore a mode(s) of action of vitamin D relates to the regulation of expression of cell-specific genes. The haematopoietic cytokines are essential regulators of haematopoiesis and the further maturation and functionality of the immune cell types. We now know that some cytokines also instruct the development of a particular type of blood cell.SummaryVitamin D influences the ‘early’ development of monocytes and invariant natural killer T cells and the further maturation of some immune cell types. Findings regarding the regulation of gene expression have revealed that there are links between the actions of vitamin D and cytokines. Whilst we do not have as yet an entirely clear picture on this matter, there are benefits to ‘health’ of the immune system from vitamin D supplementation.
Peridynamic Modelling of Fracture in Polycrystalline Ice
Authors: Lu Wei , Li Mingyang , Vazic Bozo , Oterkus Selda , Oterkus Erkan , Wang Qing 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIn this study, a peridynamic material model for a polycrystalline ice is utilised to investigate its fracture behaviour under dynamic loading condition. First, the material model was validated by considering a single grain, double grains and polycrystalline structure under tension loading condition. Peridynamic results are compared against finite element analysis results without allowing failure. After validating the material model, dynamic analysis of a polycrystalline ice material with two pre-existing cracks under tension loading is performed by considering weak and strong grain boundaries with respect to grain interiors. Numerical results show that the effect of microstructure is significant for weak grain boundaries. On the other hand, for strong grain boundaries, the effect of microstructure is insignificant. The evaluated results have demonstrated that peridynamics can be a very good alternative numerical tool for fracture analysis of polycrystalline ice material.
A sediment-mixing process model of till genesis, using texture and clay mineralogy data from Saginaw lobe (Michigan, USA) tills
Authors: Schaetzl Randall J. , Baish Christopher , Colgan Patrick M. , Knauff Jarrod , Bilintoh Thomas , Wanyama Dan , Church Michelle , McKeehan Kevin , Fulton Albert , Arbogast Alan F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present a sediment-mixing process model of till genesis based on data from surface tills of the Saginaw lobe terrain in lower Michigan. Our research uses a spatial approach to understanding glacial landsystems and till genesis. We sampled calcareous till at 336 upland sites and at 17 sites in lacustrine sediment of the Saginaw Lake plain. The loamy tills have bimodal grain-size curves, with a fine-texture mode near the silt–clay boundary and a sand mode. Spatial grouping analysis suggests that tills can be divided into six groups, each with different textures and clay mineral compositions that vary systematically down-ice. The similarity among groups with respect to the silt–clay mode and clay mineralogy argues for a common origin for the fines—illite-rich lacustrine sediment of the Saginaw Lake plain. Fine-textured sediments were probably entrained, transported, and deposited down-ice as till, which also becomes sandier and enriched in kaolinite, reflecting increasing mixing with shallow sandstone bedrock with distance from the lacustrine clay source. Clayey tills on the flanks of the Saginaw terrain may reflect proglacial ponding against nearby uplands. A process model of progressive down-ice mixing of preexisting fine lake sediments with crushed/abraded sandstone bedrock helps to better explain till textures compared with a purely crushing/abrasion process model.
A Short Note on Marine Reservoir Age Simulations Used in IntCal20
Authors: Butzin Martin , Heaton Timothy J , Köhler Peter , Lohmann Gerrit 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBeyond ~13.9 cal kBP, the IntCal20 radiocarbon (14C) calibration curve is based upon combining data across a range of different archives including corals and planktic foraminifera. In order to reliably incorporate such marine data into an atmospheric curve, we need to resolve these records into their constituent atmospheric signal and marine reservoir age. We present results of marine reservoir age simulations enabling this resolution, applying the LSG ocean general circulation model forced with various climatic background conditions and with atmospheric radiocarbon changes according to the Hulu Cave speleothem record. Simulating the spatiotemporal evolution of reservoir ages between 54,000 and 10,700 cal BP, we find reservoir ages between 500 and 1400 yr in the low- and mid-latitudes, but also more than 3000 yr in the polar seas. Our results are broadly in agreement with available marine radiocarbon reconstructions, with the caveat that continental margins, marginal seas, or tropical lagoons are not properly resolved in our coarse-resolution model.
Complications and predisposing factors from a decade of total laryngectomy
Authors: Thompson C S G , Asimakopoulos P , Evans A , Vernham G , Hay A J , Nixon I J 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundTotal laryngectomy is often utilised to manage squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx or hypopharynx. This study reports on surgical trends and outcomes over a 10-year period.MethodA retrospective review of patients undergoing total laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma was performed (n= 173), dividing patients into primary and salvage total laryngectomy cohorts.ResultsA shift towards organ-sparing management was observed. Primary total laryngectomy was performed for locoregionally advanced disease and utilised reconstruction less than salvage total laryngectomy. Overall, 11 per cent of patients developed pharyngocutaneous fistulae (primary: 6 per cent; salvage: 20 per cent) and 11 per cent neopharyngeal stenosis (primary: 9 per cent; salvage: 15 per cent). Pharyngocutaneous fistulae rates were higher in the reconstructed primary total laryngectomy group (24 per cent; 4 of 17), compared with primary closure (3 per cent; 3 of 90) (p =0.02). Patients were significantly more likely to develop neopharyngeal stenosis following pharyngocutaneous fistulae in salvage total laryngectomy (p =0.01) and reconstruction in primary total laryngectomy (p =0.02). Pre-operative haemoglobin level and adjuvant treatment failed to predict pharyngocutaneous fistulae development.ConclusionComplications remain hard to predict and there are continuing causes of morbidity. Additionally, prior treatment continues to affect surgical outcomes.
Two closed orbits for non-degenerate Reeb flows
Authors: ABREU MIGUEL , GUTT JEAN , KANG JUNGSOO , MACARINI LEONARDO 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe prove that every non-degenerate Reeb flow on a closed contact manifold M admitting a strong symplectic filling W with vanishing first Chern class carries at least two geometrically distinct closed orbits provided that the positive equivariant symplectic homology of W satisfies a mild condition. Under further assumptions, we establish the existence of two geometrically distinct closed orbits on any contact finite quotient of M. Several examples of such contact manifolds are provided, like displaceable ones, unit cosphere bundles, prequantisation circle bundles, Brieskorn spheres and toric contact manifolds. We also show that this condition on the equivariant symplectic homology is preserved by boundary connected sums of Liouville domains. As a byproduct of one of our applications, we prove a sort of Lusternik–Fet theorem for Reeb flows on the unit cosphere bundle of not rationally aspherical manifolds satisfying suitable additional assumptions.
Embryonic and early larval development of two marine angelfish, Centropyge bicolor and Centropyge bispinosa
Authors: Mendonça Raoani Cruz , Chen Jun Yu , Zeng Chaoshu , Tsuzuki Mônica Yumi 
Published: February 2020

SummaryMarine angelfish (family: Pomacanthidae) are among the most sought-after fish species in the saltwater aquarium trade. However, there is a lack of information in the literature on their early ontogeny. The objective of this study was to describe the embryonic and early larval development of two dwarf angelfish, the bicolour angelfish, Centropyge bicolor and the coral beauty angelfish, Centropyge bispinosa. The eggs of these two species were obtained from spontaneous spawning of the broodstock fish in captivity and incubated at 26.0 ± 0.2°C throughout the study. Fertilized eggs (n = 15) of both species are transparent, pelagic and spherical; the mean diameters of the eggs were measured at 703.6 ± 7.8 μm for C. bicolor and 627.6 ± 7.8 μm for C. bispinosa. The eggs of both species possessed a narrow perivitelline space, smooth and thin chorion, a homogenous and non-segmented yolk as well as a single oil globule. Overall, the observed embryonic development pattern of C. bicolor and C. bispinosa was very similar, and the main difference was the embryonic pigmentation pattern, which only became evident close to hatching. Larvae of both species started hatching at 13 h 30 min after fertilization, and the larval characteristics of both species also showed high levels of similarities. However, the mouth opening time for C. bicolor was 72 h after hatching (AH) and 96 AH for C. bispinosa. In general, the observed early ontogeny of C. bicolor and C. bispinosa also resembled that of other Centropyge species documented in the literature.
Acute treatment of critical vascular stenoses with a bioabsorbable magnesium scaffold in infants with CHDs
Authors: Zartner Peter A. , Schranz Dietmar , Mini Nathalie , Schneider Martin B. , Schneider Katja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground:Post-operative severe vascular stenosis and proliferating endothelial tissue lead to severe circulatory disorders and impair organ perfusion. Bioabsorbable magnesium scaffolds may help to overcome these obstructions without leaving obstructing stent material. We analyse their role in the treatment of vascular stenosis in infants.Methods:Since 2016, 15 magnesium scaffolds with a diameter of 3.5 mm were implanted in 9 patients aged 15 days to 7.6 years. Eight scaffolds were implanted in pulmonary venous restenoses, five in pulmonary arterial stenosis including one in-stent stenosis, one into a stenotic brachiocephalic artery, and one in a recurrent innominate vein thrombosis.Results:All patients clinically improved after the implantation of a scaffold. The magnesium scaffolds lost integrity after 30–48 days (mean 42 days). The innominate vein thrombosed early, while all other vessels remained open. Two patients died after 1.3 and 14 weeks not related to the scaffolds. Five patients needed further balloon dilations or stent implantations after the scaffold had fractured. At first recatheterisation after in mean 2.5 months, the mean minimum/maximum diameter in relation to the scaffold’s original diameter was 89%/99% in the arterial implantations (n = 6) and 66%/77% in the pulmonary venous implantations.Conclusions:The magnesium scaffolds can be used as a bridging solution to treat severe vascular stenosis in different locations. Restenosis can occur after degradation and make further interventions necessary, but neither vessel growth nor further interventions are hindered by stent material. Larger diameters may improve therapeutic options.
Efficacy of bacterial vaccines to prevent respiratory disease in swine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Sargeant Jan M. , Deb Bhumika , Bergevin Michele D. , Churchill Katheryn , Dawkins Kaitlyn , Dunn Jennifer , Hu Dapeng , Moody Carly , O'Connor Annette M. , O'Sullivan Terri L. , Reist Mark , Wang Chong , Wilhelm Barbara , Winder Charlotte B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA systematic review and network meta-analysis (MA) was conducted to address the question, ‘What is the efficacy of bacterial vaccines to prevent respiratory disease in swine?’ Four electronic databases and the grey literature were searched to identify clinical trials in healthy swine where at least one intervention arm was a commercially available vaccine for one or more bacterial pathogens associated with respiratory disease in swine, includingMycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia,Actinobacillus suis,Bordetella bronchiseptica,Pasteurella multocida,Stretococcus suis,Haemophils parasuis, andMycoplasma hyorhinis. To be eligible, trials had to measure at least one of the following outcomes: incidence of clinical morbidity, mortality, lung lesions, or total antibiotic use. There were 179 eligible trials identified in 146 publications. Network MA was undertaken for morbidity, mortality, and the presence or absence of non-specific lung lesions. However, there was not a sufficient body of research evaluating the same interventions and outcomes to allow a meaningful synthesis of the comparative efficacy of the vaccines. To build this body of research, additional rigor in trial design and analysis, and detailed reporting of trial methods and results are warranted.
A systematic review of the efficacy of antibiotics for the prevention of swine respiratory disease
Authors: Sargeant Jan M. , Bergevin Michele D. , Churchill Katheryn , Dawkins Kaitlyn , Deb Bhumika , Dunn Jennifer , Hu Dapeng , Moody Carly , O'Connor Annette M. , O'Sullivan Terri L. , Reist Mark , Wang Chong , Wilhelm Barbara , Winder Charlotte B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrevention and control of respiratory disease is a major contributor to antibiotic use in swine. A systematic review was conducted to address the question, ‘What is the comparative efficacy of antimicrobials for the prevention of swine respiratory disease?’ Eligible studies were controlled trials published in English evaluating prophylactic antibiotics in swine, where clinical morbidity, mortality, or total antibiotic use was assessed. Four databases and the gray literature were searched for relevant articles. Two reviewers working independently screened titles and abstracts for eligibility followed by full-text articles, and then extracted data and evaluated risk of bias for eligible trials. There were 44 eligible trials from 36 publications. Clinical morbidity was evaluated in eight trials where antibiotics were used in nursery pigs and 10 trials where antibiotics were used in grower pigs. Mortality was measured in 22 trials in nursery pigs and 12 trials in grower pigs. There was heterogeneity in the antibiotic interventions and comparisons published in the literature; thus, there was insufficient evidence to allow quantification of the efficacy, or relative efficacy, of antibiotic interventions. Concerns related to statistical non-independence and quality of reporting were noted in the included trials.