bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terra de Pardo: entre forros, reinóis e lavouras de cana - Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, 1720-1800
Authors: Cruz Jerônimo Aguiar Duarte da 
Published: November 2020

<p>Este artigo propõe analisar o processo de constituição dos direitos de propriedade das comunidades pardas em uma freguesia açucareira do Rio de Janeiro entre 1715 e 1799. Por meio de intenso cruzamento dos registros eclesiásticos, livros de notas e de uma lista nominativa, procuramos demonstrar a relevância e a estabilidade dos pardos na condição de chefes de domicílio e lavradores de cana. Tal documentação possibilita investigar, ainda, a autonomia dos pardos na formação de famílias legítimas e na distribuição de parentes nas terras da região, em um contexto de crescimento populacional, marcado pela chegada de reinóis e pelo ingresso de ex-escravos no mundo da liberdade. A partir de análises quantitativas e de estudos de caso, pretendemos relativizar o conceito de “terra de preto”, enfatizando a especificidade da “terra de pardo” entre os descendentes de escravos na conformação de suas comunidades em áreas rurais.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>:<strong> </strong>pardos - ex-escravos - mestiçagem - lavradores de cana e terra de pardo.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong>:</p><p><em>This article proposes to analyze the process of constitution of the property rights of the pardos communities in a sugar parish in Rio de Janeiro between 1715 and 1799. Through an intense data crossing ecclesiastical records, public scriptures and a nominative list we seek to demonstrate the relevance and stability of the pardos in the condition of heads of households and sugarcane farmers. This documentation also seeks to investigate the autonomy of the pardos in the formation of legitimate families and in the distribution of relatives in the lands of the region in a context of population growth, marked by the arrival of portugueses, azoreans and by the ingress of former slaves in the world of freedom. From quantitative analysis and case studies we intend to discuss the concept of terra de preto, emphasizing the specificity of the terras dos pardos among the descendants of slaves in the conformation of their communities in rural areas.<strong></strong></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong>:<em> </em><em>pardos - former slaves - miscegenation - sugarcane farmers and property rights</em>.<em></em></p>
Manuscritos afro-islâmicos do Brasil oitocentista: os amuletos árabes da coleção Nina Rodrigues
Authors: Müller Juliane 
Published: November 2020

<p>Amuletos islâmicos de papel, com versículos do <em>Qurʾān</em> ou outros textos mágico-religiosos em escrita árabe, eram de amplo uso entre pessoas africanas no Brasil do século XIX. Este artigo oferece uma análise detalhada dos textos árabes em manuscritos talismânicos colecionados pelo médico e antropólogo baiano Raimundo Nina Rodrigues (1862-1906), que foram descritos e reproduzidos em seu livro <em>Os Africanos no Brasil</em>, publicado postumamente em 1932. A análise inclui reconstruções e traduções dos textos árabes e sua localização no contexto da tradição islâmica, comparando-os a outros manuscritos do Brasil e da África Ocidental. Finalmente, o artigo propõe um novo inventário dos amuletos árabes da coleção Nina Rodrigues.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: amuletos islâmicos - pessoas africanas no Brasil - manuscritos árabes - malês - <em>Qurʾān</em>.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong>:</p><p><em>Islamic amulets made of paper with Qurʾ</em><em>ā</em><em>nic verses or other magico-religious texts in Arabic script were widely used by Africans in 19<sup>th</sup>-century Brazil. This article offers a detailed analysis of the Arabic writings in talismanic manuscripts collected by the Bahian physician and anthropologist Raimundo Nina Rodrigues (1862–1906), which were described and reproduced in his book </em>Os Africanos no Brasil<em> (“Africans in Brazil”), posthumously published in 1932. The analysis includes reconstructions and translations of the Arabic texts and their contextualization within Islamic tradition by comparing them to other manuscripts from Brazil and West Africa. Finally, the article proposes a new inventory of the Arabic amulets from the Nina Rodrigues collection.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong>:<em> Islamic amulets - Africans in Brazil - Arabic manuscripts - malês - Qurʾān</em>.<em></em></p><p> </p>
Achieving Ultrahigh Volumetric Energy Storage by Compressing Nitrogen and Sulfur Dual‐Doped Carbon Nanocages via Capillarity
Authors: Li Guochang , Mao Kun , Liu Meng , Yan Minglei , Zhao Jie , Zeng Yu , Yang Lijun , Wu Qiang , Wang Xizhang , Hu Zheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh volumetric performance is a challenging issue for carbon‐based electrical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs). Herein, collapsed N,S dual‐doped carbon nanocages (cNS‐CNC) are constructed by simple capillary compression, which eliminates the surplus meso‐ and macropores, leading to a much increased density only at the slight expense of specific surface area. The N,S dual‐doping induces strong polarity of the carbon surface, and thus much improves the wettability and charge transfer. The synergism of the high density, large ion‐accessible surface area, and fast charge transfer leads to state‐of‐the‐art volumetric performance under the premise of high rate capability. At a current density of 50 A g−1, the optimized cNS‐CNC delivers a high volumetric capacitance of 243 and 199 F cm−3 in KOH and EMIMBF4 electrolyte, with high energy density of 7.9 and 93.4 Wh L−1, respectively. A top‐level stack volumetric energy density of 75.3 Wh L−1 (at power density of 0.7 kW L−1) and a maximal stack volumetric power density of 112 kW L−1 (at energy density of 18.8 Wh L−1) are achieved in EMIMBF4, comparable to the lead–acid battery in energy density but better in power density with 2–3 orders. This study demonstrates an efficient strategy to design carbon‐based materials for high‐volumetric‐performance EDLCs with wide practical applications.
Topology‐Controlled Hydration of Polymer Network in Hydrogels for Solar‐Driven Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Zhou Xingyi , Guo Youhong , Zhao Fei , Shi Wen , Yu Guihua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolar‐driven interfacial evaporation provides a promising method for sustainable freshwater production. However, high energy consumption of vapor generation fundamentally restricts practicality of solar‐driven wastewater treatment. Here a facile strategy is reported to control the hydration of polymer network in hydrogels, where densely cross‐linked polymers serving as a framework are functionalized by a highly hydratable polymeric network. The hydration of polymer chains generates a large amount of weakly bounded water molecules, facilitating the water evaporation. As a result, the hydrogel‐based solar evaporator can extract water from a variety of contaminants such as salts, detergents, and heavy metal components using solar energy with long‐term durability and stability. This work demonstrates an effective way to tune the interaction between water and materials at a molecular level, as well as an energy‐efficient water treatment technology toward wastewater containing complex contaminants.
Smart Textiles with Janus Wetting and Wicking Properties Fabricated by Graphene Oxide Coatings
Authors: Guan Xinyi , Wang Xi , Huang Yuhao , Zhao Lihuan , Sun Xuantong , Owens Huw , Lu Jian Ren , Liu Xuqing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe interaction between water and fibers is critical in the physiological comfort of garments, especially inner wears. Antigravity directional water transport and ultrafast evaporation are the two key indicators to be expected of a high‐performance moisture management textile. However, it is practically still challenging to make the textiles with continuous directional liquid moisture transport and outstanding prevention of water penetration in the reverse direction. In this work, a Janus functional textile achieved by graphene oxide (GO) coating is developed, with the GO coating side on the textile working as the outer side for its good moisture absorbing and spreading features and the reduced GO coating side serving as the inner layer because of its hydrophobicity. Performance of the as‐prepared textile is characterized by moisture management tester, exhibiting remarkable accumulative one‐way transport index R (1145%) and a desired overall moisture management capacity (0.77) within 120 s, the negative R value (−690.4%) indicates an ultrahigh directional liquid moisture transport capacity. The Janus textile can provide a source of inspiration for the development of more adaptive textiles and garments to maximize personal comfort in demanding situations under hot and humid environments.
Highly Sensitive Self‐Powered H2 Sensor Based on Nanostructured Thermoelectric Silicon Fabrics
Authors: Pujadó Mercè Pacios , Gordillo Jose Manuel Sojo , Avireddy Hemesh , Cabot Andreu , Morata Alex , Tarancón Albert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSelf‐powered sensors running on small differences of temperature are considered promising candidates to cover the increasing demand of sustainable and maintenance‐free wireless sensor networks for the Internet of Things (IoT). Under this context, a cost‐effective and self‐powered hydrogen thermoelectric sensor is presented here as a proof of concept for battery‐less IoT nodes. The device is based on low‐density paper‐like fabrics made of functionalized thermoelectric silicon nanotubes able to harvest energy from the heat released by exothermic reactions, such as the hydrogen catalytic oxidation. This gives an accurate value of the reacting gas concentration without any external power requirement. Experimental results confirm that this self‐powered sensor can autonomously measure concentrations as low as 250 ppm of hydrogen in air while generating power densities up to 0.5 μW cm−2 for 3% H2 at room temperature that can be eventually used to store or send the reading. Due to the universality of the concept, this new class of devices will positively contribute toward the development of other advanced self‐powered sensor nodes in the advent of the Internet of things to be used in different safety scenarios.
Combining Photothermal Therapy‐Induced Immunogenic Cell Death and Hypoxia Relief‐Benefited M1‐Phenotype Macrophage Polarization for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhou Min , Wang Xiaoyu , Lin Shichao , Liu Yufeng , Lin Junshu , Jiang Bo , Zhao Xiaozhi , Wei Hui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe promise of anti‐tumor immunotherapy is limited partially by low antigen exposure and the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. To address these two limitations simultaneously, herein, a multifunctional AuNR@BSA/MnO2 to enable photothermal therapy‐induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) and hypoxia relief‐benefited M1 polarization of macrophages for enhanced cancer immunotherapy, is designed. The ICD and M1 polarization are demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo by detecting the corresponding markers. Then, enhanced immunotherapeutic efficacy is achieved in a 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice model. Additionally, when combined with a checkpoint blockade therapy (PD‐1 inhibitor), the AuNR@BSA/MnO2 shows distant effects including anti‐distant tumor, anti‐metastasis, and even improved survival. Last, the AuNR@BSA/MnO2 has multi‐imaging functions, such as photoacoustic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. This study provides a new strategy to design multifunctional nanomedicines for improving anti‐tumor immunotherapy and imaging guided therapy.
Ultrasensitive, Specific, and Rapid Fluorescence Turn‐On Nitrite Sensor Enabled by Precisely Modulated Fluorophore Binding
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Li Jiguang , Hu Xiaoyun , Cai Zhenzhen , Dou Xincun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe precise regulation of fluorophore binding sites in an organic probe is of great significance toward the design of fluorescent sensing materials with specific functions. In this study, a probe with specific fluorescence properties and nitrite detection ability is designed by precisely modulating benzothiazole binding sites. Only the fluorophore bond at the ortho‐position of the aniline moiety can specifically recognize nitrite, which ensures that the reaction products displays a robust green emission. The unique 2‐(2‐amino‐4‐carboxyphenyl) benzothiazole (ortho‐BT) shows superior nitrite detection performance, including a low detection limit (2.2 fg), rapid detection time (<5 s), and excellent specificity even in the presence of >40 types of strong redox active, colored substances, nitro compounds, and metal ions. Moreover, the probe is highly applicable for the rapid on‐site and semiquantitative measurement of nitrite. The proposed probe design strategy is expected to start a new frontier for the exploration of probe design methodology.
Applications of Self‐Assembled Monolayers for Perovskite Solar Cells Interface Engineering to Address Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Ali Fawad , Roldán‐Carmona Cristina , Sohail Muhammad , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDue to a certified 25.2% high efficiency, low cost, and easy fabrication; perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the focus of interest among the next‐generation photovoltaic technologies. Long‐term stability is one of the most challenging obstacles to bring technology from the lab to the market. In this review, applications of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of PSCs is discussed. In the first part, the introduction of SAMs, and deposition techniques applied to different PSC architectures are described. In the middle section, current efforts to utilize SAMs to fine‐tune the optoelectronic properties to enhance the PCE and stability are detailed. The improvements in surface morphology, energy band alignment, as well as reduced interfacial charge recombination induced by SAMs, and the trap passivation mechanism allowing optimal PCE and stability are described. A general outlook summarizing the importance of SAMs to the improvement of PSCs performance is also given, alongside a discussion of future opportunities and possible research directions.
Holes in the FOAM: An Analysis of Curricular Comprehensiveness in Online Educational Resources
Authors: Grock Andrew , Chan Wendy , Aluisio Adam R. , Alsup Carl , Huang Delphine , Joshi Nikita 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to evaluate Free Open Access Medical Education (FOAM), defined as online educational content available free to anyone, anywhere, at any time, by classifying the most impactful FOAM content per the Social Media Index into the topics and subtopics of the American Board of Emergency Medicine’s Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. We then analyzed FOAM’s comprehensiveness by describing over‐ and underrepresentation among these topics and subtopics.MethodsFirst, we searched for FOAM resources based on the most recent 12 months of relevant content for each organ system from the top 50 Social Media Index sites. Next, we classified all 898 posts into its related topics or subtopics per the American Board of Emergency Medicine’s Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. Finally, we analyzed how comprehensively FOAM covered each organ system and the frequency of posts that covered each organ system subtopic as well as identified the subtopics with the most frequent coverage.ResultsThe search yielded 898 FOAM posts, of which cardiology and neurology were significantly overrepresented and psychobehavioral; obstetrics and gynecology; and head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat were significantly underrepresented. Among subtopics, acute coronary syndrome had the highest subtopic coverage consisting of 55.5% of all cardiology content. Other highly represented subtopics include renal colic; diabetic ketoacidosis; sepsis; and stroke with 39, 40, 40, and 71% of each of their topic’s content, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough residents and programs are frequently incorporating FOAM into the educational curriculum, these materials seem to lack comprehensiveness. Educators and learners must be aware of these deficits in creating comprehensive emergency medicine curricula.
Ridge‐furrow rainfall harvesting planting and its effect on soil erosion and soil quality in sloping farmland
Authors: Xin Xiaotong , Sun Zhanxiang , Xiao Jibing , Feng Liangshan , Yang Ning , Liu Yang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRidge‐furrow rainfall harvesting (RFRH) planting can improve crop productivity through enhancing water use efficiency. However, effects of long‐term use of RFRH on soil erosion and soil quality in sloping farmland are not well understood. This experiment was conducted with a two‐factor split plot design, with the main plot having a slope of 5° and 10°. The sub‐plots followed three planting patterns: contour ridge‐furrow planting without mulching (CK), contour ridge film mulching and furrow straw mulching (T1), and contour ridge film mulching and furrow no mulching (T2). The results showed that no significant effect on soil erosion was found under T1 and T2 on 5° slope. The total runoff and total erosion of T1 on 10° slope decreased by 82.8 and 92.0%, and that of T2 on 10° slope decreased by 34.5 and 83.1%, respectively, compared with CK. Soil water content in T1 and T2 significantly increased by 11.0 and 10.6%, respectively, compared with CK (p < .05). Soil quality index in T1 was the highest, followed by T2 under the same slope. Yield was increased in T1 and T2 significantly by 30.7 and 20.2%, respectively, compared with CK (p < .05). Our results show that contour ridge film mulching and furrow straw mulching can alleviate drought, water shortages, and soil erosion.
The importance of genetic counseling and screening for people with pathogenic SMARCE1 variants: A family study
Authors: Shoakazemi Alireza , Hewitt Alan , Smith Miriam J. , du Plessis Daniel , Thomas Owen , Stivaros Stavros M. , Deniz Kenan , Hammerbeck‐ward Charlotte , Rutherford Scott A. , King Andrew Thomas , Evans D. Gareth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClear cell meningioma (CCM) is a rare variant of meningioma. In recent years, an association between cranial and spinal CCMs and germline loss of function mutations in the SMARCE1 gene (SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex subunit gene) has been discovered. We report a family with an incidental large spinal clear cell meningioma in a young adult following reflex screening for a germline loss of function pathogenic variant (PV) in the SMARCE1 gene. The index patient's mother and maternal grandfather were both also tested positive presymptomatically for SMARCE1. His mother developed intracranial and spinal meningiomas and his maternal grandfather developed a spinal CCM 4 years following a clear spinal MRI scan which required surgical excision. In this report we particularly emphasize the importance of genetic counseling and screening in siblings, parents and offspring of patients who are diagnosed with intracranial or spinal CCM in the context of SMARCE1 PVs. We recommend brain and spine Imaging screening of asymptomatic SMARCE1 PV carriers at least every 3 years, even if the baseline scan did not show any tumors.
A Novel Class of 1H‐MRI Contrast Agents Based on the Relaxation Enhancement Induced on Water Protons by 14N‐Containing Imidazole Moieties
Authors: Baroni Simona , Stefania Rachele , Broche Lionel M. , Senn Nicholas , Lurie David J. , Ross P. James , Aime Silvio , Geninatti Crich Simonetta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study reports the development of a completely new class of MRI contrast agents, displaying remarkable relaxation effects in the absence of paramagnetic metal ions. Their detection requires the acquisition of images at variable magnetic field strength as provided by fast field cycling imaging scanners. They contain poly‐histidine chains (poly‐His), whose imidazole groups generate 14N‐quadrupolar‐peaks that cause a relaxation enhancement of water protons at a frequency (1.38±0.3 MHz) that is readily detectable from the frequencies associated with endogenous proteins. The poly‐His quadrupolar peaks are detectable only when the polymer is in a solid‐like form, that is, at pH>6.6. Above this value, their intensity is pH dependent and can be used to report on the occurring pH changes. On this basis, the poly‐His moieties were conjugated to biocompatible polymers, such as polylactic and glycolic acid, in order to form stable nanoparticles able to encapsulate structured water in their core. FFC images were acquired to assess their contrast‐generating ability.
Supramolecular Non‐Helical One‐Dimensional Channels and Microtubes Assembled from Enantiomers of Difluorenol
Authors: Wang Sha‐Sha , Liu Yi‐Ran , Yu Xiang , Zhou Yang , Zhong Tao‐Tao , Li Yue‐Tian , Xie Ling‐Hai , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe design and assembly of photoelectro‐active molecular channel structures is of great importance because of their advantages in charge mobility, photo‐induced electron transfer, proton conduction, and exciton transport. Herein, we report the use of racemic 9,9′‐diphenyl‐[2,2′‐bifluorene]‐9,9′‐diol (DPFOH) enantiomers to produce non‐helical 1D channel structures. Although the individual molecule does not present any molecular symmetry, two pairs of racemic DPFOH enantiomers can form a C2‐symmetric closed loop via the stereoscopic herringbone assembly. Thanks to the special symmetry derived from the enantiomer pairs, the multiple supramolecular interactions, and the padding from solvent molecules, this conventionally unstable topological structure is achieved. The etching of solvent in 1D channels leads to the formation of microtubes, which exhibit a significant lithium‐ion conductivity of 1.77×10−4 S cm, indicating the potential research value of this novel 1D channel structure.