bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grandparenting and Well-Being of Hong Kong Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Intergenerational Relationships
Authors: Lai Daniel W L , Li Jessica J , Lee Vincent 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Grandparenting and intergenerational relationship play important roles in some older adults‘ later life, especially older people of Chinese culture. This study investigated the relationship between grandparenting activities, intergenerational relationship, and psychosocial well-being of Hong Kong Chinese older adults. A representative sample of 507 grandparents (aged 55+) were telephone surveyed in June to July 2019. Level of involvement in grandparenting activities was measured. Resilience and happiness were measured by Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Subjective Happiness Scale. Two single-item instruments were adapted to capture the relationships between older adults and adult children, and between grandparents and grandchildren, respectively. A series of linear regressions and mediation tests with bootstrap approach were performed to examine the relationships between grandparenting activities, intergenerational relationship, and resilience and happiness. After controlling for socio-demographics, the frequency of grandparenting activities correlated positively with resilience and happiness. The relationship was partially mediated by inter-generational relationships including the relationships with adult children and grandchildren. The findings have concluded that grandparenting involvement and satisfactory intergenerational relationship are protective factors of health and wellbeing. Future healthy aging policy-making or programming should expand the scope from focusing on individual older adults to strategies of achieving the family-friendly goal so that intergenerational relationships could be better nurtured, benefiting not just the family as a functional unit but also the older adults’ healthy aging.
Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression: A Feasibility Study for Homecare Older Adults
Authors: Xiang Xiaoling , Sun Yihang , Smith Shawna , Lai Patrick Ho Lam , Himle Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This pilot study examined the feasibility of delivering internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) to homebound older adults with symptoms of depression who are recipients of non-medical home care. A feasibility open trial was conducted in the homes of homecare older adults (n=26). When possible, home care workers (HCWs) of older adults (n=13) were recruited to provide external support for iCBT usage. In cases where consistent assistance from the same HCW was not feasible, participants were given the choice of working on the program on their own (n=7) or receiving assistance from a research assistant (RA) (n=6). The mean therapy sessions completed was 4.7 out of 8 total sessions. The mean satisfaction rating was 7.7 (SD=2.9) and 86% would recommend the program to others with depressed mood. Significant reductions in depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms and improvement on a quality of life measure were observed at post-test. The RA-supported group tended to have the best adherence, satisfaction, and reduction in depressive symptoms, followed closely by the HCW-supported group. The self-guided group had the lowest adherence, satisfaction, and symptom reduction. iCBT is a feasible and acceptable treatment modality for homebound older adults with depressive symptoms and potentially effective. Data from the participant exit interviews suggest a need for refining the existing treatment platform to better meet the needs and capabilities of homebound older adults. Future studies are warranted to examine treatment effectiveness as a function of HCW support.
Age Differences in Self-Continuity in the German Socioeconomic Panel
Authors: Loeckenhoff Corinna , Gerstorf Denis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Self-continuity, the sense that one’s personal past, present, and future selves are meaningfully connected, is unique to human beings. Self-continuity varies across individuals with higher levels conveying benefits for mental health and well-being, physical health and health-related behaviors, as well as financial planning and moral choices (for a review see Hershfield, 2019). From a developmental point of view, self-continuity emerges over the course of childhood, but less is known about its development in adulthood. Recent evidence indicates that higher chronological age is associated with higher perceived self-continuity among healthy adults. Studies further suggest that age effects are more pronounced for more distant time intervals but fairly symmetrical for past and future (for a review see Loeckenhoff & Rutt, 2017). However, prior work has predominantly relied on U.S. convenience samples raising questions about generalizability to broader population samples as well as cross-national consistency of the findings. To address these concerns, the present study examined self-continuity in the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP, 2017 Innovation Sample, n = 1659, aged 18-92, M = 62.8, SD = 18.1, 53% female). In addition to replicating the previously reported positive association between age and self-continuity (r = .17, p &lt; .001) and testing for curvilinear effects, we report on the role of temporal direction (past vs. future), temporal distance (1, 5, and 10 years), and demographic factors (i.e., gender, education, and wealth). The present findings add to the literature on adult age differences in self-continuity. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Does Trait Affect Impact Activity Engagement?
Authors: Knight Rebekah , Lothary Allura , Hess Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Research has shown the amount of effort we expend towards our goals depends on a sense of self-efficacy, perception of task difficulty, and likelihood of achieving our goal. All of these processes are susceptible to the influence of affect. For example, negative moods may impede goal achievement by increasing perceptions of difficulty (Silvestrini & Gendolla, 2019). Negative experiences (such as past failures) can encourage these negative moods and subsequently impact self-efficacy (Esposito, Gendolla, & Van der Linden, 2014). Findings from self-efficacy research (e.g. Esposito et al., 2014) suggest that older adults may be particularly susceptible to the impacts of negative affect on effort mobilization, especially when tasks already seem challenging, with little chance of success. Perception of task difficulty, then, impacts the amount of effort exerted in completing the task. The present study sought to examine the factors that impact perceptions of difficulty and subsequent effort expenditure, represented by systolic blood pressure responsivity (SBP-R). Younger (N = 41) and Older (N = 163) adults completed a difficult cognitive task as part of a larger, longitudinal study, as well as measures of trait affect before study sessions. Our findings indicate younger adults exert less effort overall than older adults; however, when negative trait affect is considered, we find that higher levels of negative affect in older adults reduced task engagement. These results provide support for an effect of negative affect on task appraisals and posited age-related differences in effort mobilization.
Applying Administrative Linkage to Longitudinal Aging Studies: Boston Early Adversity and Mortality Study
Authors: Antic Mina , Dorame Ashley , Ferrie Joseph , Lopes Maria , Waldinger Robert , Spiro Avron , Mroczek Daniel , Lee Lewina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences have been linked to poor adult health, yet the underlying pathways remain unclear. While longitudinal aging studies provide rich data on health trajectories in adulthood, two intrinsic limitations hamper progress in studying causal pathways: (1) reliance on retrospective assessment of early-life conditions, and (2) inadequate data coverage on lifespan developmental processes, especially in childhood. The Boston Early Adversity and Mortality Study (BEAMS) was designed to overcome these limitations by applying high-quality administrative record linkage to three longitudinal studies on aging that are over 50-years-old. BEAMS uses administrative linkage to acquire contemporaneous, early-life information on health, family, and environmental hazards from multiple databases. Our sample includes male participants from the VA Normative Aging (n=2280), Grant (n=456), and Glueck (n=268) Studies. BEAMS extends linkage to siblings, thus including women, so that our combined sample is representative of the early 1900s Northeastern U.S. population. Key steps in administrative linkage include coding identifiers from existing data; linkage to 1900-40 Censes, vital, and military (WWI, WWII, Veterans benefits) records; linkage to public databases for early-life lead exposure data, and later-life health information (Medicare, NDI). By linking records of study participants (74%-94% deceased) to numerous administrative databases, BEAMS will create a cradle-to-grave dataset with prospective data on early socioeconomic, psychosocial, and environmental exposures, and lifespan health data. BEAMS uses human review to achieve high-quality record linkage. Our methodology can be adopted by other longitudinal aging studies to overcome barriers in advancing causal knowledge on pathways linking early-life conditions to lifespan health outcomes.
Mathematics and Relatedness: Predicting Optimal Social Engagement in Late Life
Authors: Williams Christine , Tognoli Emmanuelle , Beetle Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Multiple causes converge for older adults to shed social relationships. Lost opportunities for social engagement are tied to weakened cognitive reserve and under-optimal aging in health and disease. For example, a woman, 75, regularly strolls with younger friends. At 80, her reduced motor fitness makes it hard to keep pace and she withdraws her participation. With same-age peers, she might continue this healthy physical and social activity a few more years by unobtrusively shortening the outing or by slowing her pace. A man, 85, loves to debate politics with family, but his turn at talks diminish: his hearing loss (sensory) prevents quick grasp of the discussion; his slower verbal fluency (cognitive) hamper quick-witted replies. Both examples illustrate that social aging is not only a ¬¬¬property of the aging individual. Social context plays an important role. Our recently formed interdisciplinary group (geropsychiatric nurse, mathematical physicist and complexity scientist) is studying the systemic complexities of social aging with experiments and mathematical models. Our aim is to present our model and aging-focused hypotheses, as well as empirical validation in younger adults. Four key variables are group size and heterogeneity, and the strength and adaptability of social coordination. Our current results show that people coordinate better with others like them in pace, but they lose the ability to coordinate with people whose pace is different. We anticipate that our program of research will deliver evidence-based recommendations on social-engineering of activities that maximize opportunities for sustained interactions among older adults.
Social Frailty Is Associated With the Risk of Malnutrition Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Lee Seoyoon Jane , Kim Miji , Shim Hayoung , Jung Heeeun , Seo Yuri , Won Chang Won , Lee Jane 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social frailty does not merely affect the level of socialization, but also the means of obtaining resources for the daily lives of older adults. It is highly associated with the quality of life during advanced age. In this study, we analyzed the association between the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA®) score (range 0-30) and 18 singular items and social frailty status of community-dwelling older adults. A total of 2,552 community-dwelling older adults aged 70-84 years (mean age 76.9±4.0, 51.8% female) from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) were assessed. The social frailty status was assessed in four categories- absence of economic resources, social resources, social activities, and social interactions. A higher MNA® score indicates better nutritional status. The prevalence of social frailty in older adults was 27.9% (mean age 78.1±4.0, 67.7% female). Approximately 40% of the participants were at risk of malnutrition or malnourished (p&lt;0.001), while socially robust group accounted for 23% (p&lt;0.001). They were at a higher risk of a lower MNA® score (odds ratio [OR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84-0.96). Socially-frail older adults have a higher possibility of not eating three full meals a day (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.19-4.55) which increases the risk of malnutrition. In conclusion, social frailty, as a means of linking resources -including economic and social capitals- to the older adult population directly impacts the risk of malnutrition and requires an appropriate intervention.
Assessing the Longitudinal Relationship Between Alcohol Use and Depression Among Older Adult Retirees
Authors: Iriarte Antonia Diaz-Valdes , Sellers Christina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alcohol use and depression are underrecognized problems affecting older adults, and its prevalence has increased for baby boomers compared to prior generations. Approximately 40% of people aged 65+, drink alcohol and approximately 19% experience. Additionally, the loss of important roles in life – such as being an employee, could negatively influence mental health at retirement. Although there is mixed evidence about the direction of the association between alcohol and depression in this population, and little is known about how retirement influence it. Generalized mixed models were performed to test the effect of retirement, alcohol use – drinks per day and binge drinking, and depressive symptoms among older adults. We draw data from the Health and Retirement study (n=11,164). Results suggest that being retired was associated with decreased depressive symptoms (b=-0.04, p&lt;0.05) and increased drinks per day (b=0.01, p&lt;0.05) and binge drinking (b=0.11, p&lt;0.05). Each additional drink per day (b=-0.11, p&lt;0.05) and binge drinking (b=-0.07, p&lt;0.05) lead to decreased depressive symptoms. Similarly, increased drinking or binge drinking were associated to decreased depressive symptoms. Regular drinkers might increase their drinking to occupy the additional free time that comes with retirement, to alleviate anxiety and feelings of loneliness as they lost their working roles and they might have lost relatives, which might increase the craving for alcohol. Given the prevalence of depression and alcohol use, and its detrimental effects among older adults. Further research needs to be done to understands the particularities of this group and to generate interventions focused on prevention.
Occupational Future Time Perspective Mediates Age Differences in Conflict Strategies
Authors: Yeung Dannii , Ho Alvin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Building on the theoretical framework of socioemotional selectivity theory (Carstensen, 2006), this presentation reports the findings of two studies conducted in Hong Kong Chinese workers to examine whether occupational future time perspective (OFTP) can account for the age differences in conflict strategies. Study 1 is a cross-sectional study with 416 working adults completed an online survey on conflict management (Mage=39.1 years, SD=12.1), and Study 2 is a laboratory study with 123 workers (Mage=40.1 years, SD=12.1) indicated their behavioural responses after watching hypothetical workplace conflict videos. In both studies, five conflict strategies (integrating, compromising, obliging, avoiding, and dominating) and OFTP (focus on opportunities and focus on limitations) were assessed. Parallel mediation analyses were performed. The results of Study 1 showed that both focus on opportunities and focus on limitations mediated the effects of age on obliging (b = -.006, SE=.002; and b = .006, SE=.002, respectively), avoiding (b = -.005, SE=.002; and b =.008, SE=.002, respectively), and dominating (b = -.014, SE=.003; and b = .009, SE=.002, respectively). Focus on opportunities could only account for the effects of age on integrating and compromising. The results of Study 2 showed that only focus on limitation could account for the age variations in the use of avoiding (b = .196, SE = .058) when facing intergenerational conflicts. The findings of this project reveal that the age-related focus on limitations increases older workers’ likelihood to utilize maladaptive conflict strategies, such as dominating and avoiding, to deal with conflicts occurred in the workplace.
The Effects of Situational Peers and Support Groups on the Well-Being of Grandmothers Raising Grandchildren
Authors: Jeanblanc Alexandra , Musil Carol , Burant Christopher , Wallace McKenzie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Grandmothers raising their grandchildren face not only the demands of parenting, but the added burden of parenting a child they did not expect to raise. Similarly, grandmothers living in multigenerational households need to balance expectations and household/caregiving tasks across the generations. As part of a nationwide RCT designed to lessen the stress associated with the caregiving burden of raising grandchildren, we asked 342 grandmothers raising their grandchildren about their engagement with support groups and whether their social network included other grandfamilies. Here, we examine the effect of situational peers and support group engagement on grandmother’s stress, reward, social support, mental health, mindfulness, and resourcefulness. Of our sample, 53.8% (N=184) reported belonging to a support group. The majority of participants (138) belonged to online support groups on Facebook, 41 reported participating in in-person support groups, 3 belonged to both in-person and online support groups, and 8 did not respond. When asked whether and how well our participants knew other families like theirs, 31% (106) said they did not know any, 40.6% (139) knew of at least one, but not well, and 28.4% (97) said they had at least one friend with a family like her own. Knowing other families like their own affected self-appraised stress, but no other outcomes. Grandmothers participating in support groups had lower mindfulness scores, higher stress, and worse mental health scores than grandmothers not participating in support groups, possibly reflecting the higher need for support among those participants.
End-of-Life Decision Making in Chronic Life-Limiting Disease: A Concept Analysis and Conceptual Model
Authors: Levoy Kristin , Tarbi Elise , De Santis Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Most deaths from chronic life-limiting diseases are preceded by end-of-life decisions, yet patients and caregivers are ill-equipped to make them. The lack of a common vocabulary surrounding end-of-life decision making and the paucity of conceptual models that explicate its components hamper improvements in clinical practice and research. Walker and Avant’s method for concept analysis was used to investigate uses of “end-of-life decision making” in the literature in order to identify its components (antecedents, attributes, consequences), describe stakeholder roles (patients, family/caregivers, health care providers), and develop a conceptual model. An iterative search strategy resulted in 143 included sources. These encompassed 1,127,095 patients (primarily older adults), 3,384 family/caregivers, and 588 healthcare providers. Evidence revealed that end-of-life decision making is a process, not a discrete event. This begins with preparation (antecedents), which involves the designation of a decision maker and iterative patient, family/caregiver, and healthcare provider communication across the chronic illness. These preparatory processes inform end-of-life decisions, which possess three attributes: 1) serial choices in the terminal illness phase that are 2) weighed in terms of their potential outcomes 3) through patient and family/caregiver collaboration. The components impact patients’ death experiences, caregivers’ bereavement, and healthcare systems (outcomes). The resulting conceptual model highlights the larger context of preparation (beyond advance care planning) and the prominent role of caregivers in the end-of-life decision making process. Enhanced measurement must account for the dose, content, and quality of the preparation and decision components that collectively contribute to outcomes, which holds implications for practice improvements and research.
What Would People Think? Social Norms, Willingness to Serve as a Surrogate, and End-of-Life Treatment Decisions
Authors: Spalding Rachael , Strough JoNell , Edelstein Barry 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Population aging has increased the prevalence of surrogate decision making in healthcare settings. However, little is known about factors contributing to the decision to become a surrogate and the surrogate medical decision-making process in general. We investigated how intrapersonal and social-contextual factors predicted two components of the surrogate decision-making process: individuals’ willingness to serve as a surrogate and their tendency to select various end-of-life treatments, including mechanical ventilation and palliative care options. An online sample (N=172) of adults made hypothetical surrogate decisions about end-of-life treatments on behalf of an imagined individual of their choice, such as a parent or spouse. Using self-report measures, we investigated key correlates of willingness to serve as surrogate (e.g., decision-making confidence, willingness to collaborate with healthcare providers), and choice of end-of-life treatments. Viewing service as a surrogate as a more typical practice in healthcare was associated with greater willingness to serve. Greater decision-making confidence, greater willingness to collaborate with patients’ physicians, and viewing intensive, life-sustaining end-of-life treatments (e.g., mechanical ventilation) as more widely accepted were associated with choosing more intensive end-of-life treatments. The current study’s consideration of both intrapersonal and social-contextual factors advances knowledge of two key aspects of surrogate decision making—the initial decision to serve as surrogate, and the surrogate’s selection of various end-of-life treatment interventions. Providers can use information about the role of these factors to engage with surrogates in a manner that better facilitates their decision making.