bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A distributed neocortical action map associated with reach-to-grasp
Authors: Quarta Eros , Scaglione Alessandro , Lucchesi Jessica , Sacconi Leonardo , Allegra Mascaro Anna Letizia , Pavone Francesco Saverio 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTReach-to-Grasp (RtG) is known to be dependent upon neocortical circuits and extensive research has provided insights into how selected neocortical areas contribute to control dexterous movements. Surprisingly, little infor-mation is available on the global neocortical computations underlying RtG in the mouse. Here, we characterized, employing fluorescence wide-field cal-cium imaging, the neocortex-wide dynamics from mice engaging in a RtG task. We demonstrate that, beyond canonical motor regions, several areas, such as the visual and the retrosplenial cortices, also increase their activ-ity levels during successful RtGs. Intriguingly, homologous regions across the ipsilateral hemisphere are also involved. Functional connectivity among areas increases transiently from rest to planning, and decreases during move-ment. Two anti-correlated neocortical networks emerged during movement. At variance, neural activity levels scale linearly with kinematics measures of successful RtGs in secondary motor areas. Our findings establish the coex-istence of distributed and localized neocortical dynamics for efficient control of complex movements.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn mammals, including humans, the cerebral cortex is known to be critical for the correct execution of dexterous movements. Despite the importance of the mouse for elucidating the neural circuitry for motor control, its neocortex-wide dynamics during RtG are largely unexplored. We used in-vivo fluores-cence microscopy to characterize the neural activity across the neocortex as mice performed a reach-to-grasp task. We show that for such complex movements, a large network of neocortical areas gets involved, while movement kinematics correlates with neural activity in secondary motor areas. These findings indicate the coexistence, at the mesoscale level, of distributed and localized neocortical dynamics for the execution of fine movements. This study offers a novel view on the neocortical correlates of motor control, with potential implications for neural repair.
Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA): A Comprehensive Resource with Functional Genomic Data for Chinese Glioma Patients
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Zhang Ke’nan , Wang Qiangwei , Li Guanzhang , Zeng Fan , Zhang Ying , Wu Fan , Chai Ruichao , Wang Zheng , Zhang Chuanbao , Zhang Wei , Bao Zhaoshi , Jiang Tao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGliomas are the most common and malignant intracranial tumours in adults. Recent studies have shown that functional genomics greatly aids in the understanding of the pathophysiology and therapy of glioma. However, comprehensive genomic data and analysis platforms are relatively limited. In this study, we developed the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA,http://www.cgga.org.cn), a user-friendly data portal for storage and interactive exploration of multi-dimensional functional genomic data that includes nearly 2,000 primary and recurrent glioma samples from Chinese cohorts. CGGA currently provides access to whole-exome sequencing (286 samples), messenger RNA sequencing (1,018 samples) and microarray (301 samples), DNA methylation microarray (159 samples), and microRNA microarray (198 samples) data, as well as detailed clinical data (e.g., WHO grade, histological type, critical molecular genetic information, age, sex, chemoradiotherapy status and survival data). In addition, we developed an analysis tool to allow users to browse mutational, mRNA/microRNA expression, and DNA methylation profiles and perform survival and correlation analyses of specific glioma subtypes. CGGA greatly reduces the barriers between complex functional genomic data and glioma researchers who seek rapid, intuitive, and high-quality access to data resources and enables researchers to use these immeasurable data sources for biological research and clinical application. Importantly, the free provision of data will allow researchers to quickly generate and provide data to the research community.
The effects of seasonal climate variability on dengue annual incidence in Hong Kong: A modelling study
Authors: Yuan Hsiang-Yu , Liang Jingbo , Lin Pei-Sheng , Sucipto Kathleen , Tsegaye Mesfin Mengesha , Wen Tzai-Hung , Pfeiffer Susanne , Pfeiffer Dirk 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIn recent years, dengue has been rapidly spreading and growing in the tropics and subtropics. Located in southern China, Hong Kong’s subtropical monsoon climate may favour dengue vector populations and increase the chance of disease transmissions during the rainy summer season. An increase in local dengue incidence has been observed in Hong Kong ever since the first case in 2002, with an outbreak reaching historically high case numbers in 2018. However, the effects of seasonal climate variability on recent outbreaks are unknown. As the local cases were found to be spatially clustered, we developed a Poisson generalized linear mixed model using pre-summer monthly total rainfall and mean temperature to predict annual dengue incidence (the majority of local cases occur during or after the summer months), over the period 2002-2018 in three pre-defined areas of Hong Kong. Using leave-one-out cross-validation, 5 out of 6 observations of area-specific outbreaks during the major outbreak years 2002 and 2018 were able to be predicted. 42 out of a total of 51 observations (82.4%) were within the 95% confidence interval of the annual incidence predicted by our model. Our study found that the rainfall before and during the East Asian monsoon (pre-summer) rainy season is negatively correlated with the annual incidence in Hong Kong while the temperature is positively correlated. Hence, as mosquito control measures in Hong Kong are intensified mainly when heavy rainfalls occur during or close to summer, our study suggests that a lower-than-average intensity of pre-summer rainfall should also be taken into account as an indicator of increased dengue risk.
A sister lineage of theMycobacterium tuberculosis complexdiscovered in the African Great Lakes region
Authors: Ngabonziza Jean Claude Semuto , Loiseau Chloé , Marceau Michael , Jouet Agathe , Menardo Fabrizio , Tzfadia Oren , Antoine Rudy , Niyigena Esdras Belamo , Mulders Wim , Fissette Kristina , Diels Maren , Gaudin Cyril , Duthoy Stéphanie , Ssengooba Willy , André Emmanuel , Kaswa Michel K , Habimana Yves Mucyo , Brites Daniela , Affolabi Dissou , Mazarati Jean Baptiste , de Jong Bouke Catherine , Rigouts Leen , Gagneux Sebastien , Meehan Conor Joseph , Supply Philip 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe human- and animal-adapted lineages of theMycobacterium tuberculosis complex(MTBC) are thought to have clonally expanded from a common progenitor in Africa. However, the molecular events that accompanied this emergence remain largely unknown. Here, we describe two MTBC strains isolated from patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, representing an as-yet-unknown lineage, named Lineage 8 (L8), seemingly restricted to the African Great Lakes region. Using genome-based phylogenetic reconstruction, we show that L8 is a sister clade to the known MTBC lineages. Comparison with other complete mycobacterial genomes indicate that the divergence of L8 preceded the loss of thecobFgenome region - involved in the cobalamin/vitamin B12 synthesis - and gene interruptions in a subsequent common ancestor shared by all other known MTBC lineages. This discovery further supports an East African origin for the MTBC and provides additional molecular clues on the ancestral genome reduction associated with adaptation to a pathogenic lifestyle.
Age dependent changes in synaptic NMDA receptor composition in adult human cortical neurons
Authors: Pegasiou C.M. , Zolnourian A. , Gomez-Nicola D. , Deinhardt K. , Nicoll J.A.R. , Ahmed A.I. , Vajramani G. , Grundy P. , Verhoog M.B. , Mansvelder H.D. , Perry V.H. , Bulters D. , Vargas-Caballero M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe molecular processes underlying the ageing-related decline in cognitive performance and memory observed in humans are poorly understood. Studies in rodents have shown a decrease in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) that contain the GluN2B subunit in ageing synapses, and this decrease is correlated with impaired memory functions. However, the age-dependent contribution of GluN2B containing receptors to synaptic transmission in human cortical synapses has not been previously studied. We investigated the synaptic contribution of GluN2A and GluN2B containing NMDARs in adult human neurons using fresh non-pathological temporal cortical tissue resected during neurosurgical procedures. The tissue we obtained fulfilled quality criteria by the absence of inflammation markers and proteomic degradation. We show an age-dependent decline in the NMDA/AMPA receptor ratio in adult human temporal cortical synapses. We demonstrate that GluN2B containing NMDA receptors contribute to synaptic responses in the adult human brain with a reduced contribution in older individuals. With previous evidence demonstrating the critical role of synaptic GluN2B in regulating synaptic strength and memory storage in mice, this progressive reduction of GluN2B in the human brain during ageing may underlie a molecular mechanism in the age-related decline in cognitive abilities and memory observed in humans.
Production and Purification of Endogenously Modified tRNA-Derived Small RNAs
Authors: Drino Aleksej , Oberbauer Vera , Troger Conor , Janisiw Eva , Anrather Dorothea , Hartl Markus , Kaiser Steffen , Kellner Stefanie , Schaefer Matthias R. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTDuring particular stress conditions, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) become substrates of stress-induced endonucleases, resulting in the production of distinct tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). These small RNAs have been implicated in a wide range of biological processes, but how isoacceptor and even isodecoder-specific tsRNAs act at the molecular level is still poorly understood. Importantly, stress-induced tRNA cleavage affects only a few tRNAs of a given isoacceptor or isodecoder, raising the question as to how such limited molecule numbers could exert measurable biological impact. While the molecular function of individual tsRNAs is likely mediated through association with other molecules, addressing the interactome of specific tsRNAs has only been attempted by using synthetic RNA sequences. Since tRNAs carry post-transcriptional modifications, tsRNAs are likely modified but the extent of their modifications remains largely unknown. Here, we developed a biochemical framework for the production and purification of specific tsRNAs using human cells. Preparative scale purification of tsRNAs from biological sources should facilitate experimentally addressing as to how exactly these small RNAs mediate the multitude of reported molecular functions.
Role of RBC membrane protein palmitoylation in regulation of molecular topology and susceptibility toPlasmodium falciparuminvasion
Authors: Pati Soumya , Yadav Preeti , Kumari Geeta , D.A.B Rex , Goswami Sangam , Garg Swati , Prasad T.S. Keshava , Ramalingam Sivaprakash , Singh Shailja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSqueezability of biconcave RBC raises a fundamental query, about, how it can restructure its bendable cytoskeleton for efficient micro-circulation. We report for the first time, the existence of dynamic palmitoylome in RBC composed of 118 palmitoylated proteins that reduced to 42 upon treatment with 2BP, a generic inhibitor of palmitoylation. In-depth analysis revealed that Semaphorin7A, CR1 and ABCB6, the known RBC receptors forP. falciparumwere reduced to negligible in 2BP-treated RBCs, suggesting palmitoylation-dependent recruitment of parasite-specific receptors. Interestingly, Kell, a single disulphide-linked co-partner in Kell-Kx complex was undetected in 2BP-treated RBCs, while Kx remained intact. RBCs-blocked with anti-Kell antibody demonstrated signficant reduction in parasite invasion, thus suggesting it as a receptor proto-type forP. falciparuminvasion. Finally, reduced expression of Kell in palmitoylated protein pool of sickle-cell RBC ghost, with its diminished surface representation in these RBCs, proposed Kell, as one of the novel receptor-prototype forP. falciparuminvasion.
A stable core of GCPs 4, 5 and 6 promotes the assembly of γ-tubulin ring complexes
Authors: Haren Laurence , Farache Dorian , Emorine Laurent , Merdes Andreas 
Published: January 2020

Abstractγ-tubulin is a major protein involved in the nucleation of microtubules in all eukaryotes. It forms two different complexes with proteins of the GCP family (gamma-tubulin complex proteins): γ-tubulin small complexes (γTuSCs), containing γ-tubulin and GCPs 2 and 3, and γ-tubulin ring complexes (γTuRCs), containing multiple γTuSCs, in addition to GCPs 4, 5, and 6. Whereas the structure and assembly properties of γTuSCs have been intensively studied, little is known about the assembly of γTuRCs, and about the specific roles of GCPs 4, 5, and 6. Here, we demonstrate that two copies of GCP4 and one copy each of GCP5 and GCP6 form a salt-resistant sub-complex within the γTuRC that assembles independently of the presence of γTuSCs. Incubation of this sub-complex with cytoplasmic extracts containing γTuSCs leads to the reconstitution of full-sized γTuRCs that are competent to nucleate microtubules. In addition, we investigate sequence extensions and insertions that are specifically found at the amino-terminus of GCP6, and between the GCP6 grip1 and grip2 motifs, and we demonstrate that these are involved in the assembly or stabilization of the γTuRC.Summary statementγ-tubulin ring complexes are templates for microtubule nucleation, composed of γ-tubulin and GCP proteins. GCPs 4, 5, 6 form a stable sub-complex, driving the assembly of the full complex.
Desmosomes polarize mechanical signaling to govern epidermal tissue form and function
Authors: Broussard Joshua A. , Koetsier Jennifer L. , Hegazy Marihan , Green Kathleen J. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe epidermis is a stratified epithelium in which structural and functional features are polarized across multiple cell layers. This type of polarity is essential for establishing the epidermal barrier, but how it is created and sustained is poorly understood. Previous work identified a role for the classical cadherin/filamentous-actin network in establishment of epidermal polarity. However, little is known about potential roles of the most prominent epidermal intercellular junction, the desmosome, in establishing epidermal polarity, in spite of the fact that desmosome constituents are patterned across the apical to basal cell layers. Here, we show that desmosomes and their associated intermediate filaments (IF) are key regulators of mechanical polarization in epidermis, whereby basal and suprabasal cells experience different forces that drive layer-specific functions. Uncoupling desmosomes and IF or specific targeting of apical desmosomes through depletion of the superficial desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein 1, impedes basal stratification in an in vitro competition assay and suprabasal tight junction barrier functions in 3D reconstructed epidermis. Surprisingly, disengaging desmosomes from IF also accelerated the expression of differentiation markers, through precocious activation of the mechanosensitive transcriptional regulator serum response factor (SRF) and downstream activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor family member ErbB2 by Src family kinase (SFK) mediated phosphorylation. This Dsg1-SFK-ErbB2 axis also helps maintain tight junctions and barrier function later in differentiation. Together, these data demonstrate that the desmosome-IF network is a critical contributor to the cytoskeletal-adhesive machinery that supports the polarized function of the epidermis.
High-resolution cryo-EM using beam-image shift at 200 keV
Authors: Cash Jennifer N. , Kearns Sarah , Li Yilai , Cianfrocco Michael A. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTRecent advances in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) data collection utilizes beam-image shift to improve throughput. Despite implementation on 300 keV cryo-EM instruments, it remains unknown how well beam-image shift data collection affects data quality on 200 keV instruments and how much aberrations can be computationally corrected. To test this, we collected and analyzed a cryo-EM dataset of aldolase at 200 keV using beam-image shift. This analysis shows that beam tilt on the instrument initially limited the resolution of aldolase to 4.9Å. After iterative rounds of aberration correction and particle polishing in RELION, we were able to obtain a 2.8Å structure. This analysis demonstrates that software correction of microscope aberrations can provide a significant improvement in resolution at 200 keV.
A standardized head-fixation system for performing large-scale,in vivophysiological recordings in mice
Authors: Groblewski PA , Sullivan D , Lecoq J , de Vries SEJ , Caldejon S , L’Heureux Q , Keenan T , Roll K , Slaughterback C , Williford A , Farrell C 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Allen Institute recently built a set of high-throughput experimental pipelines to collect comprehensivein vivosurveys of physiological activity in the visual cortex of awake, head-fixed mice. Developing these large-scale, industrial-like pipelines posed many scientific, operational, and engineering challenges.NEW METHODOur strategies for creating a cross-platform reference space to which all pipeline datasets were mapped required development of 1) a robust headframe, 2) a reproducible clamping system, and 3) data-collection systems that are built, and maintained, around precise alignment with a reference artifact.RESULTSWhen paired with our pipeline clamping system, our headframe exceeded deflection and reproducibility requirements. By leveraging our headframe and clamping system we were able to create a cross-platform reference space to which multi-modal imaging datasets could be mapped.COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODSTogether, theAllen Brain Observatoryheadframe, surgical tooling, clamping system, and system registration strategy create a unique system for collecting large amounts of standardizedin vivodatasets over long periods of time. Moreover, the integrated approach to cross-platform registration allows for multi-modal datasets to be collected within a shared reference space.CONCLUSIONSHere we report the engineering strategies that we implemented when creating theAllen Brain Observatoryphysiology pipelines. All of the documentation related to headframe, surgical tooling, and clamp design has been made freely available and can be readily manufactured or procured. The engineering strategy, or components of the strategy, described in this report can be tailored and applied by external researchers to improve data standardization and stability.
A probabilistic functional atlas of human occipito-temporal visual cortex
Authors: Rosenke Mona , van Hoof Rick , van den Hurk Job , Grill-Spector Kalanit , Goebel Rainer 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHuman visual cortex contains many retinotopic and category-specific regions. These brain regions have been the focus of a large body of functional MRI research, significantly expanding our understanding of visual processing. As studying these regions requires accurate localization of their cortical location, researchers perform functional localizer scans to identify these regions in each individual. However, it not always possible to conduct these localizer scans. Here, we developed and validated a functional region of interest atlas of early visual and category-selective regions in human ventral and lateral occipito-temporal cortex. Results show that for the majority of fROIs, cortex-based alignment results in lower between-subject variability compared to nonlinear volumetric alignment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that (1) the atlas accurately predicts the location of an independent dataset of ventral temporal cortex ROIs and other atlases of place-selectivity, motion-selectivity, and retinotopy. Next, (2) we show that the majority of voxel within our atlas are responding mostly to the labelled category in a left-out subject cross-validation, demonstrating the utility of this atlas. The functional atlas is publicly available (download.brainvoyager.com/data/visfAtlas.zip) and can help identify the location of these regions in healthy subjects as well as populations (e.g. blind people, infants) in which functional localizers cannot be run.
The simulation of single wraparound fin on a semi-cylindrical missile body
Authors: Sharma Nayhel , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to establish a freestream computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a three-dimensional non-spinning semi-cylindrical missile model with a single wrap around fin in Mach 2.70-3.00M range and 0° angle of attack, and ultimately establishing itself for future research study.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the behaviour of flow around the fin was investigated using a κ-ϵ turbulence model of second-order of discretization. This was done using a highly structured mesh. Additionally, an inviscid CFD simulation involving the same boundary conditions have also been carried out for comparison.

Findings
The obtained values of aerodynamic coefficients and pressure contours visualizations are compared against their experimental and computational counterparts. A typical missile aerodynamic characteristic trend can be seen in the current CFD.

Practical implications
The predicted values of the aerodynamic coefficients of this single fin model have also been compared to those of the full missile body comprising of four fins from the previous research studies, and a similar aerodynamic trend can be seen.

Originality/value
This study explores the possibility of the use of turbulence modelling in a single fin model of a missile and provides a basic computational model for further understanding the flow behaviour near the fin.
El fin de las bolsas plásticas, dilema estratégico de INAPOL
Authors: Peña Ramírez Camilo , Briones Maira Fernanda , Paredes Fernanda Valentina , Diaz Javiera Constanza , Vásquez María José 
Published: January 2020

Learning outcomes
Formular un análisis externo de INAPOL. Desarrollar un análisis estratégico para identificar alternativas estratégicas.

Case overview/synopsis
INAPOL es una empresa manufacturera dedicada a la fabricación de mangas de polietileno y confección de bolsas plásticas, que enfrentó una crisis por la nueva normativa medioambiental en Chile. Esta norma prohíbe la entrega de bolsas plásticas en el comercio, lo que conlleva directamente a una disminución en la demanda de bolsas por parte de sus principales clientes. Es por esto que es necesario realizar un análisis estratégico y reformular un plan de desarrollo. El presente caso de estudio presenta una baja complejidad y podrá ser aplicado en cursos introductorios de estrategia o gestión de empresas para estudiantes de pregrado en ingeniería, administración y negocios. Se espera que el lector sea capaz de identificar los factores externos que limitan a la empresa, y los factores internos que afectan a la empresa. Además, se espera que el lector desarrolle herramientas de análisis estratégico tales como PESTAL (PESTEL) y FODA (SWOT) e identificar antecedentes necesarios para proponer alternativas estratégicas.

Complexity academic level
El presente caso de estudio presenta una baja complejidad y podrá ser aplicado en cursos introductorios de estrategia o gestión de empresas para estudiantes de pregrado en administración y negocios.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.