bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-institution case series of pituitary biopsy for suspected germinoma in the pediatric population: diagnostic utility, operative risks, and biopsy approaches
Authors: Day Emily L. , Smith Edward R. , Fehnel Katie P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLittle has been reported on the safety and efficacy of pituitary biopsy in the pediatric population for suspected germinoma. An updated review is needed. Patients who underwent biopsy (endoscopic endonasal vs. open craniotomy) for isolated pituitary stalk thickening were identified. Age, pre- and post-operative endocrine status, surgical approach, length of surgery, estimated blood loss, surgical morbidity, length of ICU stay, total length of stay, and pathology reports were reviewed. Nine patients met inclusion criteria. Germinoma diagnosis was rendered in 7 of 9 patients; 1 patient required two biopsy attempts. Two-patients had histology consistent with inflammation and a subsequently self-limited disease course. Average operative time, blood loss, ICU stay and overall length of stay was just over 2 h, 28 mL, 1.6 days and 3.7 days respectively. There were no intraoperative complications and all patients were discharged home. One patient developed new diabetes insipidus post-operatively. Patients who underwent endoscopic biopsy had decreased operative times and shorter hospitalizations. Biopsy for isolated pituitary stalk thickening for suspected germinoma is generally safe with high diagnostic utility. Importantly, 22% of presumed germinomas on imaging yielded alternative diagnoses on biopsy, adding support for pathology-proven data to guide treatment in relevant cases.
First report of an Onchocercidae worm infecting Psychodopygus carrerai carrerai sandfly, a putative vector of Leishmania braziliensis in the Amazon
Authors: Brilhante Andreia Fernandes , de Albuquerque Alessandra Lima , Rocha Abraham Cézar de Brito , Ayres Constância Flávia Junqueira , Paiva Marcelo Henrique Santos , de Ávila Márcia Moreira , Cardoso Cristiane de Oliveira , Mauricio Isabel L. , Galati Eunice Aparecida Bianchi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSandflies are insects of public health interest due to their role as vectors of parasites of the genusLeishmania, as well as other pathogens.Psychodopygus carrerai carreraiis considered an important sylvatic vector ofLeishmania(Viannia)braziliensisin Amazonia. In this study, sandflies were collected in a forested area in the Xapuri municipality, in the State of Acre (Northern Brazil). TwoPs. carrerai carreraifemales were found parasitized with a larval form of a filarial worm, one in the labium of the proboscis, the other after the head was squashed, suggesting they were infective larvae. Sandflies were identified through morphological characters as well as amplification and sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase gene (COI). This was the first sequence obtained forPs. carrerai carreraifor this marker. The obtained nematodes were also characterized through direct sequencing of a fragment of COI and 12S genes, both mitochondrial, and ITS1, a nuclear marker. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the filarial nematodes belong to a species without sequences for these markers in the database, part of family Onchocercidade and closely related to genusOnchocerca(12S tree). Although sandfly infection with nematodes including members of the Onchocercidae has been reported in the Old World, this is the first report of sandfly infection by a member of the Onchocercidae family in the New World, to the best of our knowledge. Considering that the phylogenetic relationships and location in the insect, it can be expected that this is a parasite of mammals and the transmission cycle should be clarified.
Causes and consequences of the opioid epidemic in the Netherlands: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Bedene Ajda , van Dorp Eveline L. A. , Faquih Tariq , Cannegieter Suzanna C. , Mook-Kanamori Dennis O. , Niesters Marieke , van Velzen Monique , Gademan Maaike G. J. , Rosendaal Frits R. , Bouvy Marcel L. , Dahan Albert , Lijfering Willem M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOver the past decade opioid use has risen globally. The causes and consequences of this increase, especially in Europe, are poorly understood. We conducted a population-based cohort study using national statistics on analgesics prescriptions, opioid poisoning hospital admissions and deaths in the Netherlands from 2013 to 2017. Pain prevalence and severity was determined by using results of 2014–2017 Health Interview Surveys. Between 2013 and 2017 the proportion of residents receiving opioid prescription rose from 4.9% to 6.0%, and the proportion of those receiving NSAIDs decreased from 15.5% to 13.7%. Self-reported pain prevalence and severity remained constant, as 44.7% of 5,119 respondents reported no pain-impeded activities-of-daily-living in 2014 (aRR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.95–1.06] in 2017 vs 2014). Over the observation period, the incidence of opioid poisoning hospitalization and death increased from 8.6 to 12.9 per 100,000 inhabitants. The incidence of severe outcomes related to opioid use increased, as 3.9% of 1,343 hospitalized for opioid poisoning died in 2013 and 4.6% of 2,055 in 2017. We demonstrated that NSAIDs prescription decreased and opioid prescription increased in the Netherlands since 2013, without an increase in pain prevalence and severity. Consequently, the incidence of severe outcomes related to opioids increased.
Traceable stimulus-dependent rapid molecular changes in dendritic spines in the brain
Authors: Kuboyama Kazuya , Inoue Takafumi , Hashimotodani Yuki , Itoh Takuya , Suzuki Tohsuke , Tetsuzawa Aya , Ohtsuka Yosuke , Kinoshita Ryo , Takara Ren , Miyazawa Tohru , Gusain Pooja , Kano Masanobu , Yamada Maki K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDendritic spines function as microcompartments that can modify the efficiency of their associated synapses. Here, we analyzed stimulus-dependent molecular changes in spines. The F-actin capping protein CapZ accumulates in parts of dendritic spines within regions where long-term potentiation has been induced. We produced a transgenic mouse line, AiCE-Tg, in which CapZ tagged with enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP-CapZ) is expressed. Twenty minutes after unilateral visual or somatosensory stimulation in AiCE-Tg mice, relative EGFP-CapZ signal intensification was seen in a subset of dendritic spines selectively in stimulated-side cortices; this right-left difference was abolished by NMDA receptor blockade. Immunolabeling of α-actinin, a PSD-95 binding protein that can recruit AMPA receptors, showed that the α-actinin signals colocalized more frequently in spines with the brightest EGFP-CapZ signals (top 100) than in spines with more typical EGFP-CapZ signal strength (top 1,000). This stimulus-dependent in vivo redistribution of EGFP-CapZ represents a novel molecular event with plasticity-like characteristics, and bright EGFP-CapZ in AiCE-Tg mice make high-CapZ spines traceable in vivo and ex vivo. This mouse line has the potential to be used to reveal sequential molecular events, including synaptic tagging, and to relate multiple types of plasticity in these spines, extending knowledge related to memory mechanisms.
Diagnosis of thyroid nodules on ultrasonography by a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Koh Jieun , Lee Eunjung , Han Kyunghwa , Kim Eun-Kyung , Son Eun Ju , Sohn Yu-Mee , Seo Mirinae , Kwon Mi-ri , Yoon Jung Hyun , Lee Jin Hwa , Park Young Mi , Kim Sungwon , Shin Jung Hee , Kwak Jin Young 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic performances of the deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and expert radiologists for differentiating thyroid nodules on ultrasonography (US), and to validate the results in multicenter data sets. This multicenter retrospective study collected 15,375 US images of thyroid nodules for algorithm development (n = 13,560, Severance Hospital, SH training set), the internal test (n = 634, SH test set), and the external test (n = 781, Samsung Medical Center, SMC set; n = 200, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CBMC set; n = 200, Kyung Hee University Hospital, KUH set). Two individual CNNs and two classification ensembles (CNNE1 and CNNE2) were tested to differentiate malignant and benign thyroid nodules. CNNs demonstrated high area under the curves (AUCs) to diagnose malignant thyroid nodules (0.898–0.937 for the internal test set and 0.821–0.885 for the external test sets). AUC was significantly higher for CNNE2 than radiologists in the SH test set (0.932 vs. 0.840, P < 0.001). AUC was not significantly different between CNNE2 and radiologists in the external test sets (P = 0.113, 0.126, and 0.690). CNN showed diagnostic performances comparable to expert radiologists for differentiating thyroid nodules on US in both the internal and external test sets.
The use of commercial computerised cognitive games in older adults: a meta-analysis
Authors: Bonnechère Bruno , Langley Christelle , Sahakian Barbara Jacquelyn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBrain training programs are currently one effective solution to prevent cognitive decline in healthy aging. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the use of commercially available computerised cognitive games to improve cognitive function in people aged above 60 years old without cognitive impairment. 1,543 participants from sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Statistically significant improvements were observed for processing speed (SMD increased 0.40 [95% CI 0.20–0.60], p < 0.001), working memory (0.21 [95% CI 0.08–0.34], p = 0.001), executive function (0.21 [95% CI 0.06–0.35], p = 0.006), and for verbal memory (0.12 [95% CI 0.01–0.24, p = 0.031), but not for attention or visuospatial abilities. No relationship between the age of the participants and the amount of training was found. Commercially available computerised cognitive games are effective in improving cognitive function in participants without cognitive impairment aged over 60 years.
Zein nanofibers via deep eutectic solvent electrospinning: tunable morphology with super hydrophilic properties
Authors: Khatri Muzamil , Khatri Zeeshan , El-Ghazali Sofia , Hussain Nadir , Qureshi Umair Ahmed , Kobayashi Shunichi , Ahmed Farooq , Kim Ick Soo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of organic solvents for the preparation of nanofibers are challenged due to their volatile and hazardous behavior. Recently deep eutectic solvents (DES) are widely recognized as non-volatile and non-hazardous solvents which never been utilized directly for nanofabrication via electrospinning. Here, we present the preparation of Zein nanofibers using deep eutectic solvents (DES-Zein). The DES-Zein nanofibers were produced at an optimized polymer concentration of 45% (w/w) with pH 7.3 and electroconductivity 233 mS cm−1. DES-Zein nanofibers showed aligned to tweed like cedar leaf morphology tuned by varying the spreading angle from 0° to 90°. In contrast to hydrophobic conventional Zein nanofibers, DES-Zein nanofibers showed super hydrophilic character and about 200 nm finer average diameter. The proposed method of preparing Zein nanofibers using DES opens a new door to continuous electrospinning with tunable morphology, having potential to be used for environmental and biomedical applications.
Flowering phenology in a Eucalyptus loxophleba seed orchard, heritability and genetic correlation with biomass production and cineole: breeding strategy implications
Authors: Spencer Beren , Mazanec Richard , Abadi Amir , Gibberd Mark , Zerihun Ayalsew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReproductive synchronicity within a seed orchard facilitates gene exchange and reduces self-fertilisation. Here we assessed key flowering traits, biomass and foliar 1,8-cineole concentrations ofEucalyptus loxophleba(subsp.lissophloiaandgratiae) in an open-pollinated seed orchard. Monthly flowering observations were made on 1142 trees from 60 families and nine provenances across 2 years. The percentage of trees flowering in both years was similar at 87%. There were differences between provenances and families within provenances for flowering traits, biomass and 1,8-cineole and interactions between provenances and year for flowering traits. Heritability of start and end flowering, and 1,8-cineole were high to moderate ($$\hat{h}^{2}$$h^2 = 0.75–0.45) and duration of flowering, propensity to flower and biomass estimates were moderate to low ($$\hat{h}^{2}$$h^2 = 0.31–0.10). Genetic and phenotypic correlations between flowering traits were high (rg = 0.96–0.63 andrp = 0.93–0.34) except between duration and end of flowering. The correlations were weaker between flowering traits and biomass or 1,8-cineole. ‘Dual flowering’, when trees underwent two reproductive cycles in a year, was responsible for out-of-phase flowering and those with low biomass and 1,8-cineole concentration should be removed from the breeding programme to hasten selection for desirable traits.
MUSE view of Arp220: Kpc-scale multi-phase outflow and evidence for positive feedback
Authors: Perna M. , Arribas S. , Catalán-Torrecilla C. , Colina L. , Bellocchi E. , Fluetsch A. , Maiolino R. , Cazzoli S. , Hernán Caballero A. , Pereira Santaella M. , Piqueras López J. , Rodríguez del Pino B. 
Published: September 2020

Context. Arp220 is the nearest and prototypical ultra-luminous infrared galaxy; it shows evidence of pc-scale molecular outflows in its nuclear regions and strongly perturbed ionised gas kinematics on kpc scales. It is therefore an ideal system for investigating outflow mechanisms and feedback phenomena in detail.
Aims. We investigate the feedback effects on the Arp220 interstellar medium (ISM), deriving a detailed picture of the atomic gas in terms of physical and kinematic properties, with a spatial resolution that had never before been obtained (0.56″, i.e. ∼210 pc).
Methods. We use optical integral-field spectroscopic observations from VLT/MUSE-AO to obtain spatially resolved stellar and gas kinematics, for both ionised ([N II]λ6583) and neutral (Na IDλλ5891, 96) components; we also derive dust attenuation, electron density, ionisation conditions, and hydrogen column density maps to characterise the ISM properties.
Results. Arp220 kinematics reveal the presence of a disturbed kpc-scale disc in the innermost nuclear regions as well as highly perturbed multi-phase (neutral and ionised) gas along the minor axis of the disc, which we interpret as a galactic-scale outflow emerging from the Arp220 eastern nucleus. This outflow involves velocities up to ∼1000 km s−1 at galactocentric distances of ≈5 kpc; it has a mass rate of ∼50 M⊙ yr−1 and kinetic and momentum power of ∼1043 erg s−1 and ∼1035 dyne, respectively. The inferred energetics do not allow us to distinguish the origin of the outflows, namely whether they are active galactic nucleus- or starburst-driven. We also present evidence for enhanced star formation at the edges of – and within – the outflow, with a star-formation rate SFR ∼ 5 M⊙ yr−1 (i.e. ∼2% of the total SFR).
Conclusions. Our findings suggest the presence of powerful winds in Arp220: They might be capable of heating or removing large amounts of gas from the host (“negative feedback”) but could also be responsible for triggering star formation (“positive feedback”).
Hirschsprung Disease – Clinical Relevance of RET
Mutations
Authors: Wenskus Julia Katharina , Vincent Deirdre , Hempel Maja , Reinshagen Konrad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction To date, several genes involved in the pathogenesis of HD have been
recognized. Out of these, the RET gene (chromosomal locus 10q11), one of the
first genes identified in combination with HD, is still considered the basis for
HD development. However, even with over a hundred RET gen coding sequence
mutations identified, the mutations do not fully explain the observed sex bias
of HD and the elevated risk of developing HD among siblings. Thus, our aim was
to evaluate the clinical relevance of an as yet undescribed genotype in a family
with HD to improve genetic counseling for families with RET mutation-associated
HD.Patients This case report provides an overview of a family with a history of
HD with a novel, unreported autosomal dominant RET
mutation.Results/Summary The family examined in this study clearly
demonstrates that (1) the genotype to phenotype correlation of patients with RET
mutation-associated HD is not directly related, and (2) genetic mechanisms
underlying the different HD phenotypes, as well as the model of inheritance of
HD, are complex and not yet fully understood. As such, a multifactorial genesis
of HD appears more likely and should be the center of genetic counseling for
concerned families. Having identified another RET mutation with a possible
correlation of severity of HD and gender will aid in filling the gaps of the
incomplete picture of the pathogenesis of HD.
Die aktuelle Versorgungssituation von Patientinnen und Patienten mit seltenen Knochenerkrankungen an Universitätskliniken in Deutschland
Authors: Schmidt Tobias , Semler Oliver , Oheim Ralf , Grasemann Corinna , Siggelkow Heide , Barvencik Florian 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung„Seltene Knochenerkrankungen“ ist ein Sammelbegriff für Erkrankungen des Knochenstoffwechsels, der Knochen- mineralisierung sowie spezielle dysplastische Erkrankungen. An der Behandlung von betroffenen Patientinnen und Patienten sind häufig eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Fachdisziplinen wie Endokrinologie, Nephrologie, Orthopädie/Unfallchirurgie, Rheumatologie, Radiologie, Kardiologie, Neurologie, Innere Medizin, Pädiatrie und klinische Genetik beteiligt. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist die lokale Organisation und Steuerung der Versorgung von zentraler Bedeutung. Ziel der durchgeführten und hier vorgestellten Umfrage war es, die Angebote, Organisation und vorhandene Expertise an Universitätskliniken im Zusammenhang mit seltenen Knochenerkrankungen zu identifizieren und zu charakterisieren. 2018 wurden alle bekannten 32 Zentren für seltene Erkrankungen (ZSE) an deutschen Universitätskliniken angeschrieben. Insgesamt nahmen 15 Zentren an der Umfrage teil, die Rücklaufquote betrug somit 46,88 %. Es zeigen sich große Unterschiede in Bezug auf das Ausrüstungsniveau und die Diagnosemöglichkeiten, die für die Behandlung von seltenen Knochenerkrankungen erforderlich sind. In den meisten Zentren sind Verfahren zur Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz der Patientinnen und Patienten implementiert. Nur wenige Zentren sind an Forschungsaktivitäten zu seltenen Knochenerkrankungen beteiligt und bieten strukturierte Programme zur Ausbildung und zum Austausch von Fachwissen im Zusammenhang mit seltenen Knochenerkrankungen an.Die Ergebnisse dieser Umfrage können genutzt werden, um konkrete Aktivitäten zur Verbesserung der Gesundheitsversorgung für Patientinnen und Patienten mit seltenen Knochenerkrankungen in Deutschland zu initiieren.
Testdiagnostik von AVWS im Grundschulalter – eine faktorenanalytische Untersuchung
Authors: Kiese-Himmel Christiane , Nickisch Andreas 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Unsere eklektische Testbatterie zur Diagnose von auditiven Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsstörungen (AVWS) wurde in mehreren Vorstudien eingesetzt. Nun sollte ihre Inhaltsstruktur faktorenanalytisch untersucht werden.
Material und Methode Testergebnisse von 143 Kindern mit AVWS (96 Jungen) im mittleren Alter von 8,3 (SD 1,1) Jahren gingen in mehrere exploratorische Faktorenanalysen ein (EFA; Hauptkomponentenmethode). Unter Berücksichtigung der Ergebnisse diskriminanzanalytischer Vorstudien und der zugrunde liegenden Interkorrelationen wurde eine EFA mit 12 (von insgesamt 16) diagnostischen Tests gewählt.
Ergebnisse Das Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin-Maß der Stichprobeneignung war mit 0,739 mittelmäßig bis tendenziell gut. Die Bestimmung der Faktorenzahl erfolgte anhand des Kaiser-Kriteriums (Eigenwert > 1) und sprach für 4 Faktoren, die 63,7 % Gesamtvarianz erklärten – bestätigt durch den Scree-Test. Laut Komponentenmatrix waren die Ladungen auf den unrotierten Faktoren vorwiegend auf dem ersten Faktor hoch, weswegen sich diese EFA nicht interpretieren ließ. Nach Promax-Rotation resultierte eine interpretierbare Faktorenlösung mit folgenden 4 Faktoren: phonematische Verarbeitung, verbal-auditives Kurzzeitgedächtnis, basaler Hörverarbeitungsfaktor, Hörverarbeitungsfaktor von redundanzreduzierter Sprache.
Fazit Mit diesen Ergebnissen liegt ein vorläufiges Modell zentral-auditiver Prozesse unserer AVWS-Testbatterie sowie ein erster Beitrag zur Konstruktvalidität vor.
Perianal Crohn's Disease in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Mutanen Annika , Pakarinen Mikko P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe incidence of Crohn's disease is increasing worldwide. The clinical course of childhood onset Crohn's disease is particularly aggressive with characteristic disease localization in the ileocecal region and colon, often associated with perianal disease. Severe complications of perianal disease include recurrent perianal sepsis, chronic fistulae, fecal incontinence, and rectal strictures that impair quality of life and may require fecal diversion. Care of patients with perianal Crohn's disease requires a multidisciplinary approach with systematic clinical evaluation, endoscopic assessment, and imaging studies followed by combined medical and surgical management. In this review, we provide an update of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, and management of perianal Crohn's disease in children and adolescents.
The winner takes it all: The mediating role of competitive orientations in the Dark Triad and sport task performance relationship
Authors: Vaughan Robert S. , Madigan Daniel J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) are prevalent in athletes. However, currently, we do not know whether the Dark Triad confers any competitive advantages in sport. To address this issue, the present study had two aims. First, to examine whether the Dark Triad predicted task performance in a basketball free throw task. Second, to examine whether competitive orientations explained (i.e. mediated) this relationship. A sample of 189 athletes (mean age = 19.11 years) completed measures of the Dark Triad, competitive orientations, and task performance (basketball free throw task). Regression analyses indicated that the Dark Triad predicted better task performance. In addition, mediation analyses indicated that the Dark Triad‐performance relationship was explained by both hypercompetitive and self‐developmental competitive orientations. The present study provides the first evidence that the Dark Triad may lead to better task performance in sport, and that this effect may be driven by athletes’ competitive orientations.