bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of snowmelt contribution to seasonal runoff and summer low flows in Czechia
Authors: Jenicek Michal , Ledvinka Ondrej 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The streamflow seasonality in mountain catchments is often influenced by snow. However, a shift from snowfall to rain is expected in the future. Consequently, a decrease in snow storage and earlier snowmelt is predicted, which will cause changes not only in seasonal runoff distribution in snow-dominated catchments, but it may also affect the total annual runoff. The objectives of this study were to quantify (1) how inter-annual variations in snow storages affect spring and summer runoff, including summer low flows, and (2) the importance of snowmelt in generating runoff compared to rainfall. The snow storage, groundwater recharge and streamflow were simulated for 59 mountain catchments in Czechia in the period from 1980 to 2014 using a bucket-type catchment model. The model output was
evaluated against observed daily runoff and snow water equivalent. Hypothetical scenarios were performed, which allowed for analysing the effect
of inter-annual variations in snow storage on seasonal runoff separately
from other components of the water balance. The results showed that 17 %–42 % (26 % on average) of the total runoff in the study catchments originates as snowmelt, despite the fact that only 12 %–37 % (20 % on average) of the precipitation falls as snow. This means that snow is more effective in generating catchment runoff compared to liquid precipitation. This was demonstrated by modelling experiments which showed that total annual runoff and groundwater recharge decrease in the case of a precipitation shift from snow to rain. In general, snow-poor years were clearly characterized by a lower snowmelt runoff contribution compared to snow-rich years in the analysed period. Additionally, snowmelt started earlier in these snow-poor years and caused lower groundwater recharge. This also affected summer baseflow. For most of the catchments, the lowest summer baseflow was reached in years with both relatively low summer precipitation and snow storage. This showed that summer low flows (directly related to baseflow) in our study catchments are not only a function of low precipitation and high evapotranspiration, but they are significantly affected by the previous winter snowpack. This effect might intensify drought periods in the future when generally less snow is expected.
HER2 Testing in Endometrial Serous Carcinoma: Time for Standardized Pathology Practice to Meet the Clinical Demand
Authors: Buza Natalia 
Published: July 2020

Context.—
Endometrial serous carcinoma is an aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer with the highest rate of recurrence and mortality among all histotypes. A recent clinical trial showed prolonged progression-free survival in advanced-stage and recurrent human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive endometrial serous carcinoma when trastuzumab was added to the standard chemotherapy regimen. This targeted therapeutic approach was recently endorsed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network clinical guidelines. There is a growing interest among clinicians to obtain HER2 testing in endometrial serous carcinoma, and pathologists need to be prepared to recognize the unique characteristics of HER2 protein expression and gene amplification in these tumors and apply specific HER2 scoring criteria.

Objective.—
To provide a historical overview of targeted HER2 therapy in endometrial serous carcinoma and to summarize key findings from recent studies on the specific features of HER2 protein expression and gene amplification relative to other tumor types. Endometrial carcinoma–specific HER2 testing criteria are proposed based on evidence in the existing literature.

Data Sources.—
Sources comprise review of the literature and personal experience of the author.

Conclusions.—
HER2 protein overexpression and/or gene amplification is present in approximately 25% to 30% of endometrial serous carcinomas, providing an opportunity for targeted therapy. Pathologists play a key role in tumor HER2 testing and scoring to ensure appropriate patient selection and successful clinical outcome.
Nutrient Composition and Functional Properties of Fonio (Digetaria exilis) and Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) Flour Blends
Authors: Ayo J. A. , Okoye E. 
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the nutrient composition and functional properties of flour blend of acha and amaranth grains. The amaranth flour was substituted into acha flour at 5, 10, 15, and 20% and to produce acha-amaranth flour blend. The chemical composition and functional properties of the flour blend were determined. The protein, crude fibre, fat and ash content ranged from 7.66 - 12.93, 0.44 - 0.59, 0.15 - 1.01, and 0.11 - 0.96% with increase in added amaranth grain flour (0-20%). The moisture content and carbohydrate ranged from 12.46 – 11.7, 77.41 - 4.33% and decreased with increasing added amaranth flour. The potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin B3, vitamin E and vitamin B6 content ranged from 0.09 - 0.14, 0.06 - 0.12, 0.19 - 0.34.14 - 0.24, 0.39 - 0.75 and 0.54- 0.69 mg/100 g increase with increasing in amaranth flour. The bulk density, swelling capacity ranged from 0.79 - 0.76 g/cm3 and 295.00 -275.00 ml/g, respectively with increases in added amaranth flour. The water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and foaming capacity ranged from 120.00 – 145.00, 110.00 – 135.00, 0.06 - 0.09, ml/g, respectively, with increasing acha substitution using amaranth flour. the 20% amaranth flour addition had the highest values of protein, fat, ash and crude fiber at 7.66 - 12.93, 0.44 - 0.59, 0.15 - 1.01, and 0.11 - 0.96% respectively. Amaranth incorporation had significant effects and contributed to the improvement of the flour blend.
Growth, Yield and Biochemical Characteristics of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Genotypes under Seasonal Heat Stress
Authors: Chapagain T. R. , Shrestha A. K. , Sharma M. D. , Tripathi K. Mishra , Srivastva A. 
Published: July 2020

This field study was conducted to evaluate yield and fruit quality of tomato genotypes under seasonal heat stress condition (April-June) in plains of Chitwan valley, Nepal for two consecutive years in 2018 and 2019 at research farm, of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Nepal. Nine tomato genotypes were evaluated for their morphological, flowering, yield and biochemical traits in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results showed significant differences (P = 0.05) among all genotypes for all traits evaluated. Genotypes AVTO-9304 and AVTO-9801 were early flowering and flowered within 28 days after transplanting. The highest marketable fruit yield of 110.6 and 92.6 t ha-1 was recorded in genotype TO-1057 in 2018 and 2019, respectively with the mean yield of 101.6 t ha-1 whereas genotype AVTO-9802 produced the lowest fruit yield in both years (34.0 and 32.0 t ha-1 in 2018 and 2019, respectively) with the mean yield of 32.9 t ha-1. The highest amount of total soluble solid content (4.90 oBrix) was observed in genotype AVTO-9803. Genotype ‘AVTO-1314’ had a significantly higher amount (12.60 mg 100 g-1) of ascorbic acid but statistically at par with AVTO-9801, TO-1057 and Pariposa-4102. This study identified genotype TO-1057 as a highly productive genotype suitable for cultivation during summer months in Chitwan and this genotype could be promoted in other agro-ecological regions having the similar climatic conditions.
Relation of Obesity and Hypertension among Chinese Community in Melaka, Malaysia–A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lwin Htay , Htay Mila Nu Nu , Soe Htoo Htoo Kyaw , Aye Mra , Abas Adinegara Lutfi , Phyu Khine Lynn , Moe Soe 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The main cause of overweight and obesity is the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Obesity is the abnormal accumulation of ≥20% of body fat, over the individual's ideal body weight. Obesity is diagnosed by measuring the weight in relation to the height of an individual, thereby determining or calculating the body mass index (BMI).
Methodology: This study is a cross-sectional study with the secondary data analysis of the health records of the patients who had attended the medical camps conducted in Melaka, Malaysia. All of the attendee’s body weight and height were measured. The blood pressure measurement was done according to the Clinical Practice Guidelines, Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Hypertension is defined as if the participant has systolic blood pressure (SBP) of > 140 mmHg and/ or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mmHg or more. Some peoples were taking treatment of Hypertension.
Results: The mean SBP among females was 11.64 units and mean DBP was 5.29 units lower compared to male participants. With an increase in age, SBP is expected to increase by .29 units, provided other variables remain unchanged. Regarding to BMI, every unit increase in BMI, SBP increased by 1.99 units and DBP increased by .86 units provided other variables remain unchanged.
Conclusion: This study found that BMI is associated with SBP and DBP, which suggested that interventions for bodyweight management might be beneficial for the management of hypertension.
Impact of Institutional Credit on Cropping Pattern and Farm Structure in Fakharpur Block of Bahraich District of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Choudhri Harendra Pratap Singh , Singh G. P. , . Supriya , Kumar Ajeet , Mishra P. 
Published: July 2020

Finance in agriculture is as important as development of technology because new technology of farming cannot be adopted at field level by resource poor farmers. This view is also supported by Banerjee [1], Jugale [2] and Kalhon & Karam [3]. But the real picture of Bahraich district of Uttar Pradesh was unavailable in this regard. Having the importance of financial support in agriculture in view a sample study was conducted in Fakharpur block of Bahraich district of U.P. Purposive cum proportionate random sampling technique was applied to select the sample respondents. Personal interview technique was used to collect the primary data. Simple tabular analysis (percentages and averages) were done to present the result. The study was conducted during 2017-19 and the final result obtained from this study in dicate that financial support from institutional credit agencies are quite helpful in the study area to improve the position of crop production and financial upliftment of rural poors through additional generation of finance and employment in agriculture.
Complex nutritional deficiencies in a large cohort of Italian patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome spectrum
Authors: Parma Barbara , Cianci Paola , Decimi Valentina , Mariani Milena , Provero Maria Cristina , Funari Caterina , Tajè Silvia , Apuril Erika , Cereda Anna , Panceri Roberto , Maitz Silvia , Fossati Chiara , Selicorni Angelo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCornelia de Lange syndrome Spectrum (CdLSp) is characterized by intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms, and growth impairment. Although eating difficulties are a well‐known feature of the disease, there is no data regarding the nutritional deficiencies of these patients. The food intake was tracked using a dietary transcription provided by the family/caregivers, biochemical nutritional parameters were measured with laboratory tests and through an accurate clinical evaluation of the incidence of qualitative and quantitative imbalances in a cohort of 73 patients with CdLSp ware determined. Of these 73, 62 (85%) subjects provided a complete and detailed dietary transcription. In the studied population, a quantitative caloric imbalance in 47/62 (76%) subjects was observed. The caloric intake was low in 27/62 (43%) subjects whereas excessive in 20/62 (33%). Only 15/62 (24%) had an optimum caloric intake. Regarding micronutrients, a calcium intake deficiency in 32% of the patients (20/62) was observed. Blood tests revealed a low iron level in 22/73 (30%) of the patients and 25(OH)D deficiency in 49/73 (67%). Serum hypocalcemia was not evidenced. Qualitative and quantitative imbalances resulted in more frequent than expected in CdLSp patients. A qualitative imbalance was more prevalent in younger patients while in older patients prevailed mainly a quantitative disproportion. We found no statistically meaningful correlation between dietary imbalances, genetic, or clinical parameters. Our findings highlight the need for further studies to evaluate the basal metabolic rate of CdLSp patients and find a correlation with their growth impairment.
Patients with moderate chronic kidney disease without heart disease have reduced coronary flow velocity reserve
Authors: Kashioulis Pavlos , Guron Cecilia Wallentin , Svensson Maria K. , Hammarsten Ola , Saeed Aso , Guron Gregor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThe overall aim was to identify sub‐clinical cardiac abnormalities by echocardiography in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 and 4 and to investigate underlying mechanisms.Methods and resultsNinety‐one patients with CKD stages 3 and 4, without a diagnosis of heart disease, and 41 healthy matched controls were included in this cross‐sectional study. Cardiac morphology and function were analysed with Doppler echocardiography and coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) in response to adenosine was measured in the left anterior descendent artery to detect coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). All study subjects had a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction > 50%. Patients with CKD showed statistically significant increases in left atrial volume index and transmitral and pulmonary vein flow velocities during atrial contraction and prolonged LV isovolumetric relaxation time. Patients with CKD had significantly reduced CFVR vs. controls (2.74 ± 0.86 vs. 3.40 ± 0.89, P < 0.001), and 43% of patients were classified as having CMD compared with 9% of controls (P = 0.001).ConclusionsPatients with CKD stages 3 and 4, without a diagnosis of heart disease, showed early abnormalities in LV diastolic function that did not fulfil the criteria for LV dysfunction according to current guidelines. A large proportion of CKD patients had CMD, suggesting that microvascular abnormalities may have a pathogenic role in the development of heart failure in this patient group.
IL‐31 transgenic mice show reduced allergen‐induced lung inflammation
Authors: Neuper Theresa , Neureiter Daniel , Sarajlic Muamera , Strandt Helen , Bauer Renate , Schwarz Harald , Suchanek Patrick , Korotchenko Evgeniia , Dillon Stacey R. , Hammerl Peter , Stoecklinger Angelika , Weiss Richard , Horejs‐Hoeck Jutta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInterleukin‐31 (IL‐31) is a Th2 cell–derived cytokine that has been closely linked to pruritic skin inflammation. More recently, enhanced IL‐31 serum levels have also been observed in patients with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to unravel the contribution of IL‐31 to allergen‐induced lung inflammation. We analyzed lung inflammation in response to the timothy grass (Phleum pratense) pollen allergen Phl p 5 in C57BL/6 wild‐type (wt) mice, IL‐31 transgenic (IL‐31tg) mice, and IL‐31 receptor alpha‐deficient animals (IL‐31RA−/−). IL‐31 and IL‐31RA levels were monitored by qRT‐PCR. Cellular infiltrate in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue inflammation, mucus production as well as epithelial thickness were measured by flow cytometry and histomorphology. While allergen challenge induced IL‐31RA expression in lung tissue of wt and IL‐31tg mice, high IL‐31 expression was exclusively observed in lung tissue of IL‐31tg mice. Upon Phl p 5 challenge, IL‐31tg mice showed reduced numbers of leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF and lung tissue as well as diminished mucin expression and less pronounced epithelial thickening compared to IL‐31RA−/− or wt animals. These findings suggest that the IL‐31/IL‐31RA axis may regulate local, allergen‐induced inflammation in the lungs.
Inciting Social Change Through Evaluation
Authors: McBride Dominica , Casillas Wanda , LoPiccolo Jennifer 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter summarizes and presents several current insights into our current understanding of structural racism. It then argues that evaluators have a role and a responsibility to step further into the arena by explicitly addressing structural racism in our evaluation projects. Lastly, drawing on our work at BECOME: Center for Community Engagement and Social Change, it outlines three strategies evaluators can adopt too, as we suggest, “step further into the arena.”
Examining Issues Facing Communities of Color Today: The Role of Evaluation to Incite Change
Authors: Neubauer Leah C. , McBride Dominica , Guajardo Andrea D. , Casillas Wanda D. , Hall Melvin E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe intersection of ethnicity, class, gender, and race and attention to advocacy, inclusion and equity have never been more enmeshed with program evaluation than is the case today. Sponsors of evaluation and evaluators seek guidance on how and when to embrace these issues in the populations impacted by programs under review. Those newly sensitized to the importance of context and culture expect evaluation to rightly manage inquiry to produce results reflective of multicultural validity and equitable impacts. With social justice and equity added to the evaluation equation, the issues communities face challenge and often overwhelm (a) the evaluation design, (b) goals and implementation, and (c) other evaluation processes. Evaluations that do not seek to put these issues in perspective with the broader structures and value systems that create the issues fail to adequately inform audiences regarding what is happening in the programs and community context. All parties involved are finding a shortage of literature that inform important evaluative decisions that address the multilevel, salient issues in communities served. Of special note is the small but slowly growing number of evaluation scholars and authors who are persons of color, from a younger generation, and born of a more activist evaluation style. This issue provides an update to and contemporizes previous evaluation literature focused on issues impacting minority populations in evaluation (1992) and culturally responsive evaluation (2004). The issue describes historical roots of this work, provides a contemporary framing of the issues, offers several frameworks and approaches for social justice evaluation, and concludes with inquiry for the future. Discussion of key insights into present‐day issues in advocacy‐oriented evaluation are included throughout.
Evaluation of quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI parameters using a reference region model in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients
Authors: Li Aijing , Pan Yuning , Chen Bin , Huang Rong , Xia Jianbi , Jin Yinhua , Zheng Jianjun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the changes of quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI parameters using a reference region (RR) model for the breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). We retrospectively analyzed 80 cases with pathologically confirmed IDC using quantitative DCE‐MRI with a RR model. The pharmacokinetic quantitative parameters and prognostic factors of IDC were measured, and the relationship between them was examined. The volume transfer constant (RRKtrans) and rate constant (Kep) were significantly higher in patients with level 3 histological grading compared to patients with level 1 & 2 histological grading (p < 0.05), and patients with negative estrogen receptor (ER‐negative) and/or negative progesterone receptor (PR‐negative) compared to patients with ER‐positive (p < 0.05) and/or PR‐positive (p < 0.05), and Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) type compared to luminal type breast cancer, respectively. Our results demonstrated that high RRKtrans and Kep values were associated with TNBC type. In addition, RRKtrans and Kep parameters can differentiate luminal type and TNBC type breast cancer.
Stereometric characterization of kefir microbial films associated with Maytenus rigida extract
Authors: Matos Robert Saraiva , Pinto Erveton Pinheiro , Ramos Glenda Quaresma , da Fonseca de Albuquerque Marta Duarte , da Fonseca Filho Henrique Duarte 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to report the first discussion of statistical parameters and possible applications related to the surface of kefir biofilms prepared with Maytenus rigida Mart. extract through micromorphology, using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Four different samples were produced. The reference contained demerara sugar with a concentration of 40 g/L and the others had added extract whose concentrations were 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 g/L, respectively. AFM was used to image the surface in tapping mode, on square areas of 30 μm × 30 μm. Images were studied by the MountainsMap premium commercial software. The main parameter of the surface, roughness, grew with the increase of the extract concentration up to 0.50 g/L. In addition, asymmetry and kurtosis showed that the biofilm with the best peak distribution was the one with 0.25 g/L of plant extract. The other parameters followed the main results for the surface and were observed for the depth and volume parameters. The power spectrum density spectrum confirmed the reliability of the results for the sample with 0.25 g/L. Therefore, the sample with 0.25 g/L of plant extract produced the best balance in relation to the surface properties. These results showed that the biofilm morphology and microtexture were affected by the incorporation of the plant extract and can be useful to define possible applications.
Social media usage in family communication about genetic information: ‘I no longer speak with my sister but she needed to know’
Authors: Leighton Sarah , Forrest Laura E. , Young Mary‐Anne , Delatycki Martin B. , Lynch Elly 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe use of social media has become a ubiquitous form of communication. Little is known about whether social media is used in families to assist with the communication of genetic information. This study aimed to understand if and why individuals use social media to communicate genetic information to at‐risk relatives. Individuals with either a pathogenic variant in a cancer‐predisposing gene or a heterozygous pathogenic variant in an autosomal or X‐linked recessive gene were surveyed about communicating genetic information to their at‐risk relatives and their use of social media to assist this process. Surveys were sent to 323 individuals from a reproductive carrier screening program and 250 individuals from a familial cancer center. The 128 responses (response rate 25.2%) showed that while most participants (79.0%) did not use social media to communicate genetic information, those that did use social media (21.0%) found it to be helpful as it was easy, accessible and allowed individuals to overcome communication barriers. Genetic professionals should be aware that social media is being used by individuals to assist family communication about genetic information and should discuss this method of communication with individuals who are faced with communicating genetic information with their family.