bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Fahrradergometrie in der arbeitsmedizinischen Vorsorge
Authors: Sammito S. , Heblich F. , Güttler N. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungEine ausreichend hohe körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit ist für viele Berufsgruppen von elementarer Bedeutung für die Bewältigung der täglichen Arbeitsanforderungen (u. a. Feuerwehr, Polizei, Militär, aber auch Beschäftigte im Baugewerbe, Bergbau und Landwirtschaft). Für die Überprüfung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit steht dem Arbeits- und Betriebsmediziner die (Fahrrad‑)Ergometrie als standardisierte, unter Praxisbedingungen durchführbare Untersuchung zur Verfügung.Unter Berücksichtigung der nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien und aktueller wissenschaftlicher Literatur werden die für den Arbeitsmediziner notwendigen Kenntnisse, Voraussetzungen, Indikationen und Kontraindikationen der Ergometrie zusammengefasst. Durchführungsempfehlungen werden dargestellt. Abbruchkriterien aufgrund pathologischer Auffälligkeiten oder bei Erreichen der Ausbelastung werden aufgelistet. Die Vor- und Nachteile der Stufen- vs. der Rampenbelastung werden gezeigt. Neben den physiologisch zu erwartenden Reaktionen bei dieser Belastungsprüfung wird auch die eingeschränkte Sensitivität und Spezifität der Ergometrie für die Diagnostik einer koronaren Herzerkrankung am Beispiel der falsch-positiven und falsch-negativen Ergometrieuntersuchungen für Männer und Frauen im Alter von 50–59 Jahren mit unklaren Brustbeschwerden diskutiert. Die unterschiedlichen Ergometrieformen und ihre teilweise eingeschränkte Vergleichbarkeit untereinander und mit den reellen Arbeitsbedingungen erschweren darüber hinaus die Aussagekraft der Fahrradergometrie für die Beurteilung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit eines Probanden, da lediglich die spezifisch fahrradergometrische Leistungsfähigkeit geprüft wird. Trotz den bei gesunden und jungen Probanden geringen Komplikationsraten sollte daher der Einsatz der Fahrradergometrie in der arbeitsmedizinischen Vorsorge kein Automatismus bei der Beurteilbarkeit der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit für den Einsatz des Probanden an einem bestimmten Arbeitsplatz sein.
Application of a sea surface roughness formula using joint statistics of significant wave height and spectral wave steepness
Authors: Myrhaug Dag , Leira Bernt J. , Chai Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article provides some statistical features of the sea surface roughness given as a function of the spectral wave steepness and the significant wave height suggested by Taylor and Yelland (J Phys Oceanogr 31:572–590, 2001), which is best to use for mixed wind sea and swell, and for swell-dominated situations (Drennan et al., J Phys Oceanogr 35:835–848, 2005). Results are obtained using the Myrhaug and Fouques (2008) bivariate statistics of the spectral wave steepness and the significant wave height representing wind sea, swell, and combined wind sea and swell. Associated results are also given for the sea surface drag coefficient and the turbulent energy density, as well as a procedure of estimating the sea surface roughness from 1-, 10- and 100-year contour lines. Finally, a simple example of application is given, demonstrating the effect of the sea surface roughness on slowly varying surge motion of marine structures exposed to wind gust.
From a Line on Paper to a Line in Physical Reality: Joint state-building at the Chinese-Vietnamese border, 1954–1957
Authors: YIN QINGFEI 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article studies the collaboration between the Chinese and Vietnamese communists in the socialist transformation of their shared borderlands after the First Indochina War. It both complicates and clarifies the volatile bilateral relationship between the two emerging communist states as they solidified their power in the 1950s. Departing from traditional narratives of Sino-Vietnamese relations which focus on wars and conflicts, this article examines how the timely convergence of Cold War and state expansion transformed the Sino-Vietnamese borderlands from 1954 to 1957. Using both Chinese and Vietnamese archival sources, it contends that the Chinese and Vietnamese communists pursued two interrelated goals in carrying out the political projects at the territorial limits of their countries. First, they wanted to build an inward-looking economy and society at the respective borders by consolidating the national administration of territory. Second, they wanted to impose a contrived Cold War comradeship between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) in place of the organic interdependence of people within the borderlands that had existed in the area for centuries. The Sino-Vietnamese border, therefore, was the focus of joint state-building by the two communist governments, which made the cross-border movement of people and goods more visible, manipulable, and, more importantly, taxable.
Effect of Computer-Simulated Leaders’ Compromise on	Members’ Emotional State and Protest Behavior
Authors: Dias Carina Sofia Ferreira , Pinto Isabel R. , Marques José M. , Paiva Tiago O. , Barbosa Fernando , Cardoso Sónia G. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Participants ( N = 119) played the “Dictator Game” (computer mediated) with two bogus computer-simulated players, one of whom, the Dictator, distributed money across ten trials, either as extremely unfair (Inflexible Dictator) or being less unfair (Flexible Dictator). The other player either protested against (Protest condition) or did not react (Apathy condition) to the dictator’s decision, after each trial. We measured participants’ self-reported anger and disinterest, physiological skin conductance (SCL), heart rate (HR), and number and type of comments directed to the Dictator. Anger and number of comments were lower in the Apathy than in the Protest condition. Participants’ SCL, HR, and protest comments decreased in the Apathy condition, and increased in the Protest condition. Protest assumed a more punitive tone in the Inflexible than in the Flexible Dictator condition. We discuss these results’ contribution to understand individuals’ motivation to engage in protest and apathy, and the role of emotions in that process.
Nonlinear Evolution of Radiation Belt Electron Fluxes Interacting With Oblique Whistler Mode Chorus Emissions
Authors: Hsieh Yi‐Kai , Kubota Yuko , Omura Yoshiharu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNonlinear whistler mode wave‐particle interaction is one of the processes to generate relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt. Applying test particle simulations with a pair of whistler mode chorus emissions, we traced a large number of electrons in various initial conditions along an
magnetic field line to build a set of Green's functions for analyzing evolution of the electron distribution under the chorus emissions. Employing convolution integral for the Green's functions, we tracked the formation of relativistic electron fluxes from an injected energetic electron through interaction with consecutive chorus emissions. We compared the simulation results among a purely parallel wave model and two oblique wave models with wave normal angles gradually increased from 0° to 20° and 60°. Multiple resonances result in a higher probability of nonlinear trapping. Hence, the trapped electrons for the oblique cases are scattered to a wider range of pitch angles than those for the parallel case. Oblique chorus can accelerate 10–30 keV electrons to MeV level rapidly in several wave emission cycles (about 10 s), which is much faster than that of the parallel wave model. The study shows comprehensive evolutions of electron fluxes interacting with oblique chorus emissions through cyclotron and Landau resonances in the outer radiation belt.
Comparisons of Lightning Rates and Properties From the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) and GLD360 With GOES‐16 Geostationary Lightning Mapper and Advanced Baseline Imager Data
Authors: Murphy Martin J. , Said Ryan K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFlash‐level comparisons between the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM; primarily from GOES‐16), the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), and the Global Lightning Dataset GLD360 have been done at quasi‐climatological scale and in smaller samples of both severe and nonsevere thunderstorms. A small sample of data from GOES‐17 has also been analyzed. These comparisons show that the total lightning detection efficiencies of the GLM instruments drop off within about 2,000 km of the edges of their fields of view, particularly over terrestrial areas. In severe storms, low detection efficiency by GLM is clearly associated with very high midaltitude reflectivity, consistent with the idea that large multiple scattering path lengths, together with absorption of the near‐infrared signals by water (in all of its phases), depresses the GLM detection efficiency. This effect appears to be coupled with additional factors, including time of day, flash energetics, and the incident angle at the GLM sensor. The “lightning jump,” the sought‐after signature of severe storms in lightning observations, tends to be poorly correlated between NLDN and GLM unless the storms are fairly isolated, not close to the edge of the GLM field of view, and have moderate midaltitude reflectivity.
Long-term bone and lung consequences associated with hospital-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome: a 15-year follow-up from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Peixun , Li Jia , Liu Huixin , Han Na , Ju Jiabao , Kou Yuhui , Chen Lei , Jiang Mengxi , Pan Feng , Zheng Yali , Gao Zhancheng , Jiang Baoguo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe most severe sequelae after rehabilitation from SARS are femoral head necrosis and pulmonary fibrosis. We performed a 15-year follow-up on the lung and bone conditions of SARS patients. We evaluated the recovery from lung damage and femoral head necrosis in an observational cohort study of SARS patients using pulmonary CT scans, hip joint MRI examinations, pulmonary function tests and hip joint function questionnaires. Eighty medical staff contracted SARS in 2003. Two patients died of SARS, and 78 were enrolled in this study from August 2003 to March 2018. Seventy-one patients completed the 15-year follow-up. The percentage of pulmonary lesions on CT scans diminished from 2003 (9.40 ± 7.83)% to 2004 (3.20 ± 4.78)% (P < 0.001) and remained stable thereafter until 2018 (4.60 ± 6.37)%. Between 2006 and 2018, the proportion of patients with interstitial changes who had improved pulmonary function was lower than that of patients without lesions, as demonstrated by the one-second ratio (FEV1/FVC%, t = 2.21, P = 0.04) and mid-flow of maximum expiration (FEF25%–75%, t = 2.76, P = 0.01). The volume of femoral head necrosis decreased significantly from 2003 (38.83 ± 21.01)% to 2005 (30.38 ± 20.23)% (P = 0.000 2), then declined slowly from 2005 to 2013 (28.99 ± 20.59)% and plateaued until 2018 (25.52 ± 15.51)%. Pulmonary interstitial damage and functional decline caused by SARS mostly recovered, with a greater extent of recovery within 2 years after rehabilitation. Femoral head necrosis induced by large doses of steroid pulse therapy in SARS patients was not progressive and was partially reversible.
Oral splints for temporomandibular disorder or bruxism: a systematic review
Authors: Riley Philip , Glenny Anne-Marie , Worthington Helen V. , Jacobsen Elisabet , Robertson Clare , Durham Justin , Davies Stephen , Petersen Helen , Boyers Dwayne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectives To evaluate the clinical-effectiveness of oral splints for patients with TMD or bruxism for the primary outcomes: pain (TMD) and tooth wear (bruxism).Data sources Four databases including MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from inception until 1 October 2018.Data selection and extraction Randomised controlled trials comparing all types of splints versus no/minimal treatment for patients with TMD or bruxism were eligible. Standard Cochrane review methods were used. Standardised mean differences (SMD) were pooled for the primary outcome of pain, using random effects models in TMD patients.Data synthesis Thirty-seven trials were included and the evidence identified was of very low certainty using GRADE assessments. When all subtypes of TMD were pooled into one global TMD group, there was no evidence that splints reduced pain: SMD (up to 3 months) -0.18 (95% CI -0.42 to 0.06); 13 trials, 1,076 participants. There was no evidence that any other outcomes improved when using splints. There was no evidence of adverse events associated with splints, but reporting was poor regarding this outcome. No trials measured tooth wear in patients with bruxism. There was a large variation in diagnostic criteria, splint types and outcome measures used and reported. Sensitivity analyses based on these factors did not indicate a reduction in pain.Conclusions The very low-certainty evidence identified did not demonstrate that splints reduced pain in TMD as a group of conditions. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether splints reduce tooth wear in patients with bruxism.
Continuous transcription initiation guarantees robust repair of all transcribed genes and regulatory regions
Authors: Liakos Anastasios , Konstantopoulos Dimitris , Lavigne Matthieu D. , Fousteri Maria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInhibition of transcription caused by DNA damage-impaired RNA polymerase II (Pol II) elongation conceals a local increase in de novo transcription, slowly progressing from Transcription Start Sites (TSSs) to gene ends. Although associated with accelerated repair of Pol II-encountered lesions and limited mutagenesis, it is still unclear how this mechanism is maintained during genotoxic stress-recovery. Here we uncover a widespread gain in chromatin accessibility and preservation of the active H3K27ac mark after UV-irradiation. The concomitant increase in Pol II escape from promoter-proximal pause (PPP) sites of most active genes, PROMPTs and enhancer RNAs favors unrestrained initiation, as evidenced by the synthesis of nascent RNAs including start RNAs. Accordingly, drug-inhibition of PPP-release replenishes levels of pre-initiating Pol II at TSSs after UV. Our data show that such continuous engagement of Pol II molecules ensures maximal transcription-driven repair throughout expressed genes and regulatory loci. Importantly, revealing this unanticipated regulatory layer of UV-response provides physiological relevant traction to the emerging concept that Pol II initiation rate is determined by pause-release dynamics.
In situ dissection of domain boundaries affect genome topology and gene transcription in Drosophila
Authors: Arzate-Mejía Rodrigo G. , Josué Cerecedo-Castillo Angel , Guerrero Georgina , Furlan-Magaril Mayra , Recillas-Targa Félix 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChromosomes are organized into high-frequency chromatin interaction domains called topologically associating domains (TADs), which are separated from each other by domain boundaries. The molecular mechanisms responsible for TAD formation are not yet fully understood. In Drosophila, it has been proposed that transcription is fundamental for TAD organization while the participation of genetic sequences bound by architectural proteins (APs) remains controversial. Here, we investigate the contribution of domain boundaries to TAD organization and the regulation of gene expression at the Notch gene locus in Drosophila. We find that deletion of domain boundaries results in TAD fusion and long-range topological defects that are accompanied by loss of APs and RNA Pol II chromatin binding as well as defects in transcription. Together, our results provide compelling evidence of the contribution of discrete genetic sequences bound by APs and RNA Pol II in the partition of the genome into TADs and in the regulation of gene expression in Drosophila.
Charge transfer as a ubiquitous mechanism in determining the negative charge at hydrophobic interfaces
Authors: Poli Emiliano , Jong Kwang H. , Hassanali Ali 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe origin of the apparent negative charge at hydrophobic–water interfaces has fueled debates in the physical chemistry community for decades. The most common interpretation given to explain this observation is that negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH–) bind strongly to the interfaces. Using first principles calculations of extended air–water and oil–water interfaces, we unravel a mechanism that does not require the presence of OH–. Small amounts of charge transfer along hydrogen bonds and asymmetries in the hydrogen bond network due to topological defects can lead to the accumulation of negative surface charge at both interfaces. For water near oil, some spillage of electron density into the oil phase is also observed. The computed surface charge densities at both interfaces is approximately $$-0.015\ {\rm{e}}/{{\rm{nm}}}^{2}$$
−
0.015

e
∕

nm

2

in agreement with electrophoretic experiments. We also show, using an energy decomposition analysis, that the electronic origin of this phenomena is rooted in a collective polarization/charge transfer effect.
Suppressing hydrogen peroxide generation to achieve oxygen-insensitivity of a [NiFe] hydrogenase in redox active films
Authors: Li Huaiguang , Münchberg Ute , Oughli Alaa A. , Buesen Darren , Lubitz Wolfgang , Freier Erik , Plumeré Nicolas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRedox-active films were proposed as protective matrices for preventing oxidative deactivation of oxygen-sensitive catalysts such as hydrogenases for their use in fuel cells. However, the theoretical models predict quasi-infinite protection from oxygen and the aerobic half-life for hydrogenase-catalyzed hydrogen oxidation within redox films lasts only about a day. Here, we employ operando confocal microscopy to elucidate the deactivation processes. The hydrogen peroxide generated from incomplete reduction of oxygen induces the decomposition of the redox matrix rather than deactivation of the biocatalyst. We show that efficient dismutation of hydrogen peroxide by iodide extends the aerobic half-life of the catalytic film containing an oxygen-sensitive [NiFe] hydrogenase to over one week, approaching the experimental anaerobic half-life. Altogether, our data support the theory that redox films make the hydrogenases immune against the direct deactivation by oxygen and highlight the importance of suppressing hydrogen peroxide production in order to reach complete protection from oxidative stress.
CEP44 ensures the formation of bona fide centriole wall, a requirement for the centriole-to-centrosome conversion
Authors: Atorino Enrico S. , Hata Shoji , Funaya Charlotta , Neuner Annett , Schiebel Elmar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCentrosomes are essential organelles with functions in microtubule organization that duplicate once per cell cycle. The first step of centrosome duplication is the daughter centriole formation followed by the pericentriolar material recruitment to this centriole. This maturation step was termed centriole-to-centrosome conversion. It was proposed that CEP295-dependent recruitment of pericentriolar proteins drives centriole conversion. Here we show, based on the analysis of proteins that promote centriole biogenesis, that the developing centriole structure helps drive centriole conversion. Depletion of the luminal centriole protein CEP44 that binds to the A-microtubules and interacts with POC1B affecting centriole structure and centriole conversion, despite CEP295 binding to centrioles. Impairment of POC1B, TUBE1 or TUBD1, which disturbs integrity of centriole microtubules, also prevents centriole-to-centrosome conversion. We propose that the CEP295, CEP44, POC1B, TUBE1 and TUBD1 centriole biogenesis pathway that functions in the centriole lumen and on the cytoplasmic side is essential for the centriole-to-centrosome conversion.
Network analysis infers the wilt pathogen invasion associated with non-detrimental bacteria
Authors: Hu Qiulong , Tan Lin , Gu Songsong , Xiao Yansong , Xiong Xingyao , Zeng Wei-ai , Feng Kai , Wei Zhong , Deng Ye 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe microbiota colonizing the root endophytic compartment and surrounding rhizosphere soils contribute to plant growth and health. However, the key members of plant soil and endophytic microbial communities involved in inhibiting or assisting pathogen invasion remain elusive. By utilizing 16S high-throughput sequencing and a molecular ecological network (MEN) approach, we systematically studied the interactions within bacterial communities in plant endophytic compartments (stem and root) and the surrounding soil (bulk and rhizosphere) during bacterial wilt invasion. The endophytic communities were found to be strongly influenced by pathogen invasion according to analysis of microbial diversity and community structure and composition. Endophytic communities of the infected plants were primarily derived from soil communities, as assessed by the SourceTracker program, but with rare migration from soil communities to endophytic communities observed in healthy plants. Soil and endophytic microbiomes from infected plants showed modular topology and greater complexity in network analysis, and a higher number of interactions than those in healthy plants. Furthermore, interactions among microbial members revealed that pathogenic Ralstonia members were positively correlated with several bacterial genera, including Delftia, Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus, Clostridium XlVa, Fontibacillus, Acidovorax, Herminiimonas, and three unclassified bacterial genera, in infected plant roots. Our findings indicated that the pathogen invasion in the rhizosphere and endophytic compartments may be highly associated with bacteria that are normally not detrimental, and sometimes even beneficial, to plants.
Topological phases of a dimerized Fermi–Hubbard model for semiconductor nano-lattices
Authors: Le Nguyen H. , Fisher Andrew J. , Curson Neil J. , Ginossar Eran 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMotivated by recent advances in fabricating artificial lattices in semiconductors and their promise for quantum simulation of topological materials, we study the one-dimensional dimerized Fermi–Hubbard model. We show how the topological phases at half-filling can be characterized by a reduced Zak phase defined based on the reduced density matrix of each spin subsystem. Signatures of bulk–boundary correspondence are observed in the triplon excitation of the bulk and the edge states of uncoupled spins at the boundaries. At quarter-filling, we show that owing to the presence of the Hubbard interaction the system can undergo a transition to the topological ground state of the non-interacting Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model with the application of a moderate-strength external magnetic field. We propose a robust experimental realization with a chain of dopant atoms in silicon or gate-defined quantum dots in GaAs where the transition can be probed by measuring the tunneling current through the many-body state of the chain.