bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of taxonomic diversity of soil biota for landscape planning
Authors: Bessolitsyna E P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Biological (taxonomic) diversity is the potential for self-organization of the biosphere, ensuring its regeneration, resistance to the effects of various environmental factors, including anthropogenic, as well as a resource for compensating the losses of individual biotic elements. Disturbance of ecological balance is a prerequisite for the emergence of conflict situations of local and regional nature, leading to irretrievable losses of certain types of natural resources, as well as aesthetic value and recreational significance of landscapes. Various indicators can express the degree of change in the biodiversity of transformed geosystems as well as the state of biotic communities as a whole: indices of diversity, dominance and occurrence of species, as well as through evaluation scales, where the deviation of the indicator from the background characteristics is shown in percentages or points. This assessment has identified three main categories of situations in the spectrum of biotic communities: critical, conflict and relatively prosperous. The main trend of changes in the taxonomic diversity of soil invertebrate communities is a decrease in the number of species in the gradient of increasing climate aridity, strengthening of the hypothermia and anthropogenic pressure. The revealed regularities of soil biota’ changes can be used to optimize environmental control.
On new approaches to the development of organic agriculture in the arid landscapes of Inner Asia
Authors: Boldanov T A , Dong S C , Li F J , Cheng H , Yang Y 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The world population increased to 6 billion from 1.65 billion, during the 20th century. Therefore, providing high-quality provisions in parallel with such rapid growth has become a critical issue for decision-makers and authorities. Organic agriculture in Inner Asia has been considered an efficient way out of this situation. Followings are some advantages of the farming in Inner Asia that made the region a special area for agricultural goals: (1) remoteness from major industrial centers; (2) historical culture of adaptive animal husbandry and agriculture with minimal application of chemical fertilizers; (3) close location to the rapidly developing Asian region with its growing requirement for high-quality products; (4) providing Halal products that are so important in Muslim countries. Moreover, the agricultural boom not only can help to produce high-quality products but also may help for the development of the territory and preserving the traditions and culture of the area. Promotion of agro-tourism, environmental education, and tourism education to local people can be other advantages of agriculture expansion in the region. In this work, the data of statistical collections, comparative analysis, results of field expeditions, and analysis of legislative acts were used. A number of illustrative examples are given, which are already taking place in Mongolia in particular.
Mapping and monitoring recreational disturbance of the territory for the recreational nature management
Authors: Isachenko T E , Isachenko G A , Bocharnikova M V , Ozerova S D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recreational nature management becomes vital in the context of continuously developing recreation. Regulation of recreational impact and control of acceptable changes in natural territorial complexes (landscapes) due to recreation is one of the main tasks of recreational nature management. The paper considers the approach to the analysis of the interaction of recreation and landscape based on a landscape-dynamic concept, as well as the method of mapping and monitoring recreational disturbance of the territory for managing recreational use of natural protected areas. We analyze the experience of monitoring recreational disturbance of the test area (Schuchye Lake Natural Reserve, Saint-Petersburg) during 2008 - 2019 years. There is a relationship of the distribution of recreants with landscape structure of the territory, namely, with the features of landscape sites and long-term states of landscapes. We have revealed a decrease in recreational disturbance despite an increase in the number of recreants. Positive dynamics is due to both the restriction of vehicle access to the coast of the lake and providing the territory with the special places for rest. We give recommendations for making priority management decisions related to the development of recreation in the studied area. Further attention should be focused on controlling the most attractive and vulnerable areas, especially complexes of sand hills near the lake coast.
Development of the system of transboundary protected areas in the Asian part of Russia
Authors: Kalikhman T P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The task of preserving biotic and landscape diversity in the conditions of separation by administrative or state borders leads to organizing transboundary protected natural areas that are important for the preservation of the natural environment and formation of the entire natural complex sites. The article presents the results of scientific analysis of the current situation concerning the creation of transboundary protected areas, as well as examples of those existing in the Asian part of Russia and promising for creating. In 2019, there are interstate agreements with Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan, providing for the activities of five transboundary protected natural areas: “Altai”, “Dauria”, “the Amur Sources”, “Lake Khanka”, and “Ubsunur Depression”. Additionally, we indicate transboundary specially protected natural areas of the Asian part of Russia that are the most important for the future. Analysis of the current situation concerning the protection of nature in the border areas allows us to identify ten new territories that are well-known for high environmental importance. The well-studied and promising territories include: “Khentei-Chikoiski highlands”, “the Selenga”, “From Huvsgul to Lake Baikal”, “Sayan Cross”, “Saylyugem”, “Delger-Muren”, [[CHECK_DOUBLEQUOT_ENT]] the Amur Tiger and Leopard”, “Tumangan”, “South Kuril Islands”, and “Beringia”. Cooperation with such countries bordering with Russia as Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, North Korea, Japan, and the United States is expected.
Specificity of the river flow formation of small mountain streams of the Baikal Natural Territory resulting from wildfires
Authors: Kichigina N V , Bilichenko I N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In recent years, a catastrophic situation has arisen in the Baikal natural area associated with forest fires. In 2015-2017, there were catastrophic forest fires. In the work, the key sites of the western coast of the Lake Baikal, which were the most suffered from the fires of 2015-2017, are considered. We studied the most suffered from the fires watersheds of the Yator, Ulan-Khan and Elokhin streams. The results based on modern hydrological and hydrochemical monitoring is discussed. The modern measuring complexes RAP-G-01 (IMKES, Tomsk) are used. Its automatically register the elements of the water regime (water level, conductivity and temperature) every 30 minutes. The chemical composition of water samples after forest fires recorded significant differences from background streams. Changes in the chemical composition of the rivers water take place after the forest fires: the concentrations of nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, and bicarbonates increase; the transfer of water from the hydrocarbonate to the sulphate class of the calcium group is noted. At the pyrogenically disturbed watersheds, the temperature regime of the water changes due to an increase in daytime temperatures and differences between daytime and nighttime temperatures, the mineralization regime is not stable, and the amplitudes of level fluctuations are higher.
Influence of anthropogenic activities on the temperature regime of soils of the South-Western Baikal region
Authors: Kiselev M V , Voropay N N , Cherkashina A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Soil temperature is a key factor controlling many biotic and abiotic processes in soils. Monitoring of the soil temperature in the different habitats is an urgent task, as a rare meteorological network does not allow to assess in detail the hydrothermal regime of different territories. The territory of the study is the Tunka intermountain basin – the area of discontinuous distribution of permafrost. The atmospheric-soil measuring complex was used to investigate the hydrothermal regime of soils. Observations were carried out in automatic mode with a step of 1 hour from 2011 to 2018 year in the soil profiles from the surface to 10 m depth. The studied areas at different times undergo various anthropogenic impacts. It leads to changes in the vegetation cover, morphology structure and granulometric composition of the soils, its temperature and moisture conditions. Thus, the soils at anthropogenically disturbed sites are better warmed up and cools down faster than on undisturbed areas. The depth of the isotherm of +10°C on average is more than 50 cm deep on anthropogenically disturbed areas and the greatest negative temperatures are observed here. The depth of freezing and the magnitude of negative temperatures are directly related to the level of mire waters in the peaty soils. If the water level of the mire increases, as a result of human intervention, the depth of thawing decreased by 20 cm and the winter peat deposit became warmer.
Land cover classification using maximum likelihood method (2000 and 2019) at Khandgait valley in Mongolia
Authors: Norovsuren B , Tseveen B , Batomunkuev V , Renchin T , Natsagdorj E , Yangiv A , Mart Z 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Promoting the recovery of forest management has been identified as a key priority by the Government of Mongolia. The objective of this paper is to define land cover classification and land cover change in Khandgait valley between 2000 and 2019. The study area is located in the North central part of Mongolia in Bulgan province. Landsat satellite images with 30m resolution were applied. For the validation, we used ground truth measurements. Maximum-likelihood method was applied in this study. The output map of land cover classification was analyzed and compared with the ground truth measurements. The results showed an overall accuracy of 86.5% and 89.0% for the 2000 and 2019 images, respectively. Land cover changes were quantitatively presented with the results of accuracy assessments between 2000 and 2019. In the future, we need to improve forest monitoring and analyze forest management using satellite images.
Trends of disturbance of Volga-Ural steppe landscapes in oil-and-gas production and approaches to land use optimisation solutions
Authors: Myachina K V , Ryabuha A G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We study the factors and tendencies for a technogenic disturbance of Volga-Ural steppe region landscapes exposed to the influence of oil-and-gas production. The study area is 1500km2, including landscapes of more than 25 oil-and-gas fields with a various time of development and different alternatives and scales of technogenic impact. Survey of landscapes is as a part of the regional geo-ecological analysis, which incorporates the analysis of a group of natural factors that specify the attributes of the steppe zone, and classification and identification of the most large-scale and widespread environmental problems. We present the recommended algorithm for making a regional geo-ecological analysis which incorporates the ways, methods, and approaches to achieving ecological-subsoil-user balance in oil-and-gas production areas We show that such environmental problems as haphazard expansion of disturbed lands, fragmentation of landscapes, change in conditions of water reservoirs, intensification of exogenic processes, creation of temperature anomaly areas, reduction of the number of mammals are most likely to occur within oil-and-gas fields. So-called Technogenic geosystems of oil-and-gas fields form in the landscapes. Knowledge about the specific aspects and regularities in the functioning of these geosystems should be used to create prognostic scenarios of disturbed lands development and target-focused optimisation measures.
Ecological load on the industrial area of Irkutsk region
Authors: Osipova O P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Unfavorable ecological situation has arisen in the Irkutsk region. The Irkutsk region ranks third into the amount of pollutants emitted into air from stationary and mobile sources in the Siberian Federal District in 2017. The enterprise activities results in the emission of harmful substances into atmosphere. High concentration of air pollutants is observed in large cities of the Irkutsk region. The work is aimed at the calculation of the ecological load on the main industrial cities of the Irkutsk region for the period from 2008 to 2017. The relevance of the research issue is determined by the increasing intensity of anthropogenic impact and pollution of the urban environment by emissions from motor vehicles and industrial enterprises. We used data on emissions into the air in cities of the Irkutsk region, presented in the State reports as a source of information. In eight industrial cities of the region, the level of air pollution is assessed as high and very high. The cities of Bratsk and Irkutsk have been included over the years in the Priority List of Russian Cities with the highest air pollution index. All of these industrial cities of region have been experiencing a high anthropogenic load, resulted in heavy air pollution.
Space and time regularities and development factors of grass fires in the Volga-Urals region
Authors: Pavleychik V M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The author generalizes the results of the studies devoted to obtaining reliable information on the long-term dynamics of grass fires in Volga-Urals region and analyzing the data to identify space and time regularities of their development. The results indicate a widespread and considerable extension of an area of fire propagation and frequency starting from the middle of the 1990th - the beginning of the 2000th. The primary precondition for activation of fires in steppe regions is a sharp reduction of agricultural production accompanied by a decrease in pasture load and formation of fallow lands. The modern stage of fire development is characterized by the increased impact of the weather and climate factor. The primary reasons for steppe fires is an ongoing practice of agricultural uncontrolled fires and careless handling of fire. The fire impact brings steppe ecosystems in the condition of long-term stress and has a negative nature as a whole. The conducted studies allowed obtaining actual data on the dynamics of grass fires, revealing seasonal distinctions and peculiar features of development in different natural zones, as well as evaluating the factors of their occurrence and spread. The results indicate a necessity of optimizing the steppe management of natural resources.
Participativeness, indigenous peoples and landscape planning: theoretical questions
Authors: Ragulina M V , Sirina A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Landscape planning provides for the preservation and development of natural and sociocultural potentials of the territory. Its integrative feature is most important. Landscape planning organizes and coordinates the spatial development of society. Cultural landscape, being a scientific category, combines material and symbolic spaces, life strategies, and resources of the territory. In Russia, the cultural landscape approach, which most fully reflects the participativeness principle, was first applied in landscape planning of the Irkutsk Region territories where the Evenk community lives. Land management led by the Committee of the North in the 1920-1930s became its precursor. Indigenous peoples and Russian old residents in Siberia has a close material and spiritual connection with the territory, which contributes to the preservation of ethnic identity and historical memory. Modern studies of these issues in anthropology and landscape planning have poor contact with each other. The participatory landscape planning based on the cultural landscape approach has some overlapping with the studies in fields of cultural anthropology, ethnoecology and ethnic expertise. It ensures recognition of formal and informal self-governance structures of the indigenous peoples in Siberia and expands tools and practices of landscape planning through integration of cultural and anthropological as well as humanitarian and geographical research.
Incomplete recovery of soil fertility as a factor of the geoecological content of the food problem: regional aspect
Authors: Rodomanskaya S A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article considers the incomplete recovery of soil fertility as a geoecological and sociogenic factor of the food problem, requiring not only improving soil properties, increasing its ability to provide plants with the factors necessary for their growth and development in the long-term cycle but also preventing degradation of productive lands. In the chain of safe existence of society, a significant transforming role is assigned to the ecological state of the soil in the process of intensive reproduction of high-quality agricultural products, thereby expanding the consideration of the problem of safe human development in the field of environmental benefits. A prerequisite for the provision of environmentally friendly products of agricultural production is the assessment of the ecological state of the soils of productive land, which is carried out to obtain comprehensive information about the properties of the land as the main means of production in agriculture. This assessment allows identifying primarily problem areas from an environmental point of view as well as determining the amount of financial support in cases of their rehabilitation. For the conditions of the Amur Region, there is a set of measures to prevent the degradation of productive land, which must be interconnected with the tasks of implementing the plan for the production of agricultural products, taking into account zonality and economic efficiency.
The main directions of solving energy-related environmental problems in the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory
Authors: Saneev B G , Ivanova I Yu , Maysyuk E P , Izhbuldin A K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The object of the study is energy facilities located in the coastal areas of Lake Baikal. The impact on the environment in this territory is of particular importance due to the natural uniqueness and special conditions for economic activity. The paper shows that coal-fired boiler houses are the main sources of impact on the environment. The total calculated emission from energy objects is 24.5 thousand t/year. In the composition of pollutants, particulate matter predominates. The total mass of ash and slag waste from energy objects is 79.8 thousand t/year. An analysis of the main environmental problems caused by the operation of the energy objects in the central ecological zone has allowed us to make a list of recommendations for their elimination. For large boilers houses, the main direction is the reconstruction and modernization of equipment, for small ones - the transition to alternative energy sources: natural gas and electricity. Under current conditions, the solution of the environmental problems in the energy sector is to sort the coal and substitute the boilers for highly efficient automated ones, which will improve the fuel combustion conditions and reduce its consumption.
The modern state of the ecosystem in the Volga River delta ecotone and dynamics of the changes in water availability conditions
Authors: Valov M V , Barmin A N , Eroshkina O S , Probst E N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We prove that an abrupt amount of water-soluble salts in soils occurs due to rapid increase in heat provision under decrease in precipitation amount for the period with the temperatures above 10°C (under the integrated index of territories aridity, the G.T. Selyaninov coefficient is up to 0.3 or less). Based on the results of investigations from 137 model sites at the Volga River delta in the years with water availability contrast conditions (2014 and 2015 are years with little water and 2016 and 2017 are water-abundant years), we indicate a decrease in the volume of river runoff according to the landscape-ecological complex of soil-plant cover. We also show the toxicity level due to the increase in toxic Cl-, Na+ and Mg2+ under simultaneous decrease in the content of SO4
2- and Ca2+ ions. Moreover, there is a change in soil salinization type from chloride-sulphatic to sulphatic-chloride, which directly affects plant cover: total biomass and foliage cover decrease on all deltoid landscapes of high levels, the participation of sedge and herbs decreases, and role of forbs increases. These processes are blocked due to the rise of the subsequent conditions of abrupt water availability and move back. The greatest and the most rapid changes are observed within particularly extended alluvial natural boundaries of low level in the vegetation classes Phragmitetea R. Tx. Et Preising 1942 and Bolboschoenetea maritime Vicherek et R. Tx. 1969 ex R. Tx. et Hulb. 1971 at the level of associations and types.
Geoecological assessment of the water quality and bottom deposits of middle lake Baikal
Authors: Yanchuk M S , Vorobyeva I B , Vlasova N V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article describes the western coast of Lake Baikal from the mouth of the Kuchelga River to the Maloe More strait. It also presents the data of the comprehensive assessment of the quality of the surface water and bottom deposits of the water area and western shore of Baikal which was conducted in the summer of 2016-2017. The study of the hydrochemical composition of the Baikal water has been conducted in the course of the research as well as of the following Tazheran lakes: Tyzgyi-Nur, Kholbo-Nur, Shadar-Nur, Tsagan-Tyrym. It has been established that, based on the content of microcomponents, the still and weakly alkaline waters of Lake Baikal meet the standards of the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) established for water bodies used for fishing and household purposes. The waters of the lakes refer to the hydrocarbonate type, calcium group. Based on their sum of ion, the lakes of Tyzgyi-Nur, Kholbo-Nur, Shadar-Nur and Tsagan-Tyrym refer to the brackish type, the waters of these lakes mostly have the hydrocarbonate and magnesium content with a predominance of sulfate ion. The levels of the content of heavy metals (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu) in the water and bottom deposits have also been identified.