bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Applications of Advanced Nano/Hydrogels in Biomedicine: Static, Dynamic, Multi‐Stage, and Bioinspired
Authors: Ayoubi‐Joshaghani Mohammad Hosein , Seidi Khaled , Azizi Mehdi , Jaymand Mehdi , Javaheri Tahereh , Jahanban‐Esfahlan Rana , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNovel advanced hydrogels can provide a versatile platform for controlled delivery and release of various cargos, with a myriad of biomedical applications. These gel‐based nanostructures possess good biocompatibility, biodegradability, flexibility, multifunctionality, can respond to internal or external stimuli, and can adapt to their surrounding environment. This new generation of hydrogels is not only capable of serving as targeted drug delivery vehicles, but they can also perform a variety of tasks within living cells and organisms. In this review, advanced hydrogels are classified as static, dynamic, multi‐stage, or bioinspired. They can be used as cell‐free gene expression platforms for gene therapy. Administration of nanogel‐based sprays can act as an immunovaccine priming macrophages toward the M1 phenotype to avoid cancer recurrence following surgery. Nanogels can also serve as a dual biosensing and capture platform for liquid biopsies, and can recognize and remove circulating cancer cells from the blood of cancer patients.
Silicon Carbide Stacking‐Order‐Induced Doping Variation in Epitaxial Graphene
Authors: Momeni Pakdehi Davood , Schädlich Philip , Nguyen Thi Thuy Nhung , Zakharov Alexei A. , Wundrack Stefan , Najafidehaghani Emad , Speck Florian , Pierz Klaus , Seyller Thomas , Tegenkamp Christoph , Schumacher Hans Werner 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGenerally, it is supposed that the Fermi level in epitaxial graphene is controlled by two effects: p‐type polarization doping induced by the bulk of the hexagonal silicon carbide (SiC)(0001) substrate and overcompensation by donor‐like states related to the buffer layer. The presented work is evidence that this effect is also related to the specific underlying SiC terrace. Here a periodic sequence of non‐identical SiC terraces is fabricated, which are unambiguously attributed to specific SiC surface terminations. A clear correlation between the SiC termination and the electronic graphene properties is experimentally observed and confirmed by various complementary surface‐sensitive methods. This correlation is attributed to a proximity effect of the SiC termination‐dependent polarization doping on the overlying graphene layer. These findings open a new approach for a nano‐scale doping‐engineering by the self‐patterning of epitaxial graphene and other 2D layers on dielectric polar substrates.
Intracellular Self‐Assembly of Peptide Conjugates for Tumor Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Deng Yu , Zhan Wenjun , Liang Gaolin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntracellular self‐assembly (ISA) is a versatile and powerful strategy for in situ constructing sophisticated and functional supramolecular nanostructures, which has been widely applied in biomedicine and biomedical engineering. Among the common building blocks for ISA, peptides have attracted increasingly attention due to their intrinsic bioactivity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Particularly, by conjugating functional motifs (e.g., probes or drugs) to peptides to yield the peptide conjugates, the latter show enhanced stability and efficiency, and probably new functions. In recent years, employing ISA of peptide conjugates for tumor imaging and treatment has achieved great progresses. Therefore, the recent progress of ISA of peptide conjugates is summarized in this progress report. Moreover, several examples of ISA of peptide conjugates for other important imaging or therapeutic applications are also introduced. Finally, a brief perspective on remaining challenges and potential directions for future research in this area is presented.
Flexible Monolayer Molecular Crystal‐Field Effect Transistors for Ultrasensitive and Selective Detection of Dimethoate
Authors: Qiu Fei , Liu Jie , Zhang Hantang , Li Haiyang , Liu Jianghong , Shi Xiaosong , Li Chunlei , Shi Yanjun , Hu Yuanyuan , Guo Yunlong , Gao Xike , Ai Shiyun , Jiang Lang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMonolayer molecular crystals (MMC) of NDI3HU‐DTYM2 are grown on flexible substrates for constructing organic field effect transistors (OFET) as sensors to detect dimethoate. Benefitting from the ultra‐thin thickness of monolayer and highly crystalline nature, the MMC‐OFET based dimethoate sensors exhibit an ultrahigh detection limit of 0.60 ppb. The devices also show excellent conformal ability on various curved surfaces with negligible performance degradation. This work offers a promising flexible candidate for the fast and efficient detection of organophosphorus pesticides.
Risk management of teratogenic medicines: A systematic review
Authors: Shroukh Wejdan A. , Steinke Douglas T. , Willis Sarah C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo systematically identify studies of implementing risk management measures when prescribing teratogenic medicines for women of childbearing age and studies reporting risk perceptions of teratogenic medications.MethodsMEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts were searched. Studies were included in the risk management section if they reported any of the following risk management measures: teratogenic counseling, contraceptive counseling, pregnancy testing before starting treatment, pregnancy testing during treatment, use of contraception before starting treatment, and use of contraception during treatment. Studies were included in the perceptions section if they reported perceived teratogenic risk as numerical value.ResultsFifty‐five studies were included in the risk management section and seven studies were included in the perceptions sections. Prevalence of risk management measures varied as follows: teratogenic counseling (9.5%–99.3%), contraceptive counseling (6.1%–98%), pregnancy testing before starting treatment (0%–95.1%), pregnancy testing during treatment (12.7%–100%), contraception use before starting treatment (15.7%–94%), and contraception use during treatment (1.7%–100%). A proper estimation of the teratogenic risk was reported for thalidomide (by general practitioners and obstetric/gynecologists), for etretinate (by pregnant women), and for misoprostol (by pregnant and nonpregnant women). An under‐estimation was reported for warfarin and retinoids (by general practitioners and obstetric/gynecologists). And over‐estimation was reported for thalidomide, valproate, lithium, isotretinoin, phenytoin, warfarin and etretinate by different populations.ConclusionConsiderable variation in the implementation of risk management measures when prescribing teratogenic medicines to women of childbearing age is reported in the literature. A common tendency to over‐estimate the risk of teratogenic medications was evident.
RGB‐D salient object detection via deep fusion of semantics and details
Authors: Zhao Shimin , Chen Miaomiao , Wang Pengjie , Cao Ying , Zhang Pingping , Yang Xin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we address RGB‐D salient object detection task by jointly leveraging semantics and contour details of salient objects. We propose a novel semantics‐and‐details complementary fusion network to adaptively integrate cross‐model and multilevel features. Specifically, we employ two kinds of fusion modules in our model, which are designed for fusing high‐level semantic features and integrating contour detail features of the scene components, respectively. The semantics fusion module aggregates high‐level interdependent semantic relationships by a nonlinear weighted summation of small and medium receptive fields. Meanwhile, the details module integrates multi‐level contour detail features to leverage expressive details of salient objects. We achieve new state‐of‐the‐art salient object detection results on seven RGB‐D datasets, that is, STERE, NJU2000, LFSD, NLPR, SSD, DES, and SIP2019 dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms eleven state‐of‐the‐art salient object detection methods.
Comparison of simple versus complex stenting in patients with true distal left main bifurcation lesions
Authors: Lee Cheol Hyun , Ahn Jung‐Min , Kang Do‐Yoon , Han Minkyu , Park Hanbit , Lee Pil Hyung , Lee Seung‐Whan , Park Seong‐Wook , Park Duk‐Woo , Park Seung‐Jung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionDistal left main (LM) bifurcation disease is one of the most challenging lesion subsets for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and optimal stenting strategy for such complex lesions is still debated. This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes following single versus dual stenting for true distal LM bifurcation lesions.MethodsPatients with true distal LM bifurcation lesions (type 1,1,1 or 0,1,1: both left anterior descending and circumflex artery >2.5 mm diameter) receiving PCI with drug‐eluting stents (DES) from two large clinical registries were evaluated. The primary outcome was target‐lesion failure (TLF), defined as a composite of cardiac death, target‐vessel myocardial infarction (MI), or target‐lesion revascularization (TLR). Outcomes were compared with the use of propensity scores and inverse probability‐weighting adjustment to reduce treatment selection bias.ResultsAmong 1,002 patients undergoing true distal LM PCI, 440 (43.9%) and 562 (56.1%) were treated with single and dual stents, respectively. The TLF rates at 3 year was 20.3% in the single‐stent group and 24.1% in the dual‐stenting group (log‐rank p = 0.18). The adjusted risk for TLF did not differ significantly between two groups (hazard ratio [HR] with dual‐stent vs. single‐stent: 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95–1.71). The adjusted risks for death, MI, repeat revascularization, or stent thrombosis were also similar between the single‐ and dual‐stenting groups.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing PCI for true distal LM disease, single‐ and dual‐stent strategies showed a similar adjusted risk of TLF at 3 years. Our findings should be confirmed or refuted through large, randomized clinical trials.
Palladium/Stannic Oxide Interfacial Chemistry Promotes Hydrogen Oxidation Reactions in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Ipadeola Adewale K. , Mwonga Patrick V. , Ray Sekar C. , Maphanga Rapela R. , Ozoemena Kenneth I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA nanostructured Pd/SnO2 on metal‐organic‐framework‐derived carbon (Pd/SnO2/MOFDC) electrocatalyst and its monometallic catalyst (Pd/MOFDC) have been synthesized by microwave‐assisted strategies and investigated for the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). Physical properties of the electrocatalysts are examined using X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and density functional theory. This study reveals that the Pd/SnO2/MOFDC possesses superior alkaline HOR activities (in terms of kinetic current, heterogeneous rate constant, diffusivity, exchange current density, and the mass activity) compared to those of the Pd/MOFDC and that are comparable to commercial Pt/C. The improved alkaline HOR activity on Pd/SnO2/MOFDC is attributed to the facile interfacial electrochemical processes arising from the multifunctional properties of SnO2 with the thin Sn film: i) weakening of Pd‐Hads, confirmed by DFT simulation, and ii) oxophilic (thin Sn film) and spill‐over (SnO2) effects that quickly transfer OH− ions to the desorbed Hads for facile reaction in the Volmer rate‐determining step (RDS). Tafel slope (ba=52–102 mV dec−1) and activation energy (EA) values suggest the predominance of the Heyrovsky‐Volmer process. In addition to the improved HOR activity of Pd/SnO2/MOFDC, it also exhibits better stability than Pd/MOFDC. The good performance of Pd/SnO2/MOFDC toward the alkaline HOR promises potential development of low‐cost anode materials for alkaline membrane fuel cells.
Impact of the CYP2C19*17 Allele on Outcomes in Patients Receiving Genotype‐Guided Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Lee Craig R. , Thomas Cameron D. , Beitelshees Amber L. , Tuteja Sony , Empey Philip E. , Lee James C. , Limdi Nita A. , Duarte Julio D. , Skaar Todd C. , Chen Yiqing , Cook Kelsey J. , Coons James C. , Dillon Chrisly , Franchi Francesco , Giri Jay , Gong Yan , Kreutz Rolf P. , McDonough Caitrin W. , Stevenson James M. , Weck Karen E. , Angiolillo Dominick J. , Johnson Julie A. , Stouffer George A. , Cavallari Larisa H. ,   the IGNITE Network Pharmacogenetics Working Group
Published: September 2020

Genotyping for CYP2C19 no function alleles to guide antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) improves clinical outcomes. Although results for the increased function CYP2C19*17 allele are also reported, its clinical relevance in this setting remains unclear. A collaboration across nine sites examined antiplatelet therapy prescribing and clinical outcomes in 3,342 patients after implementation of CYP2C19‐guided antiplatelet therapy. Risk of major atherothrombotic and bleeding events over 12 months after PCI were compared across cytochrome P450 2C19 isozyme (CYP2C19) metabolizer phenotype and antiplatelet therapy groups by proportional hazards regression. Clopidogrel was prescribed to a similar proportion of CYP2C19 normal (84.5%), rapid (82.9%), and ultrarapid metabolizers (80.6%) (P = 0.360). Clopidogrel‐treated normal metabolizers (20.4 events/100 patient‐years; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75–1.33, P = 0.993) and clopidogrel‐treated rapid or ultrarapid metabolizers (19.1 events/100 patient‐years; adjusted HR 0.95, 95% CI, 0.69–1.30, P = 0.734) exhibited no difference in major atherothrombotic events compared with patients treated with prasugrel or ticagrelor (17.6 events/100 patient‐years). In contrast, clopidogrel‐treated intermediate and poor metabolizers exhibited significantly higher atherothrombotic event risk compared with prasugrel/ticagrelor‐treated patients (adjusted HR 1.56, 95% CI, 1.12–2.16, P = 0.008). When comparing clopidogrel‐treated rapid or ultrarapid metabolizers to normal metabolizers, no difference in atherothrombotic (adjusted HR 0.97, 95% CI, 0.73–1.29, P = 0.808) or bleeding events (adjusted HR 1.34, 95% CI, 0.83–2.17, P = 0.224) were observed. In a real‐world setting of genotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy, the CYP2C19*17 allele did not significantly impact post‐PCI prescribing decisions or clinical outcomes. These results suggest the CYP2C19 *1/*17 and *17/*17 genotypes have limited clinical utility to guide antiplatelet therapy after PCI.
Effect of light wavelength on soybean growth and development in a context of speed breeding
Authors: Harrison Derrick , Da Silva Marcos , Wu Chengjun , De Oliveira Maria , Ravelombola Francia , Florez‐Palacios Liliana , Acuña Andrea , Mozzoni Leandro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeding involves crossing and inbreeding for multiple generations to develop genetically stable lines. The long generation times cause early generations to be the major bottleneck in soybean breeding. Here we tested the effect of red and blue light (RB) and full‐spectrum white light (FS), coupled with 12‐h light (29 °C) vs. 12‐h darkness (27 °C) photothermal conditions, on the growth and development of soybean lines and breeding materials of diverse maturity groups (MGs) in a context of speed breeding. We observed that RB light vs. FS light reduced plant height but did not affect vegetative biomass, pods and seeds per plants, nor the ability to meet a minimum of one seed per plant. Overall, the RB treatment reduced the interval planting to physiological maturity by 1.5 d vs. the FS treatment. The period between planting and harvest of mid‐ and late‐maturity soybean ranged from 63 to 81 d, vs. ∼120 d observed in field conditions. Also, days after planting (DAP) to R7 was dependent on soybean MG. The use of RB light, coupled with photothermal conditions herein reported, would allow to advance up to five generations of U.S.‐adapted soybean under a controlled environment instead of the one to three generations currently possible. This methodology is simple and easily scalable, for it maintains stable growing conditions throughout the crop cycle and it allows for simultaneous planting and harvesting within the same growth room. This could have a significant impact in genetic gain of U.S. soybean breeding programs.
Joint energy efficient power and subchannel allocation for uplink MC‐NOMA networks
Authors: Rashid Bushra , Ahmad Ayaz , Saleem Sajid , Khan Aimal 
Published: September 2020

SummaryDue to the exponential rise in the number of subscribers in existing wireless networks, energy‐efficient distribution and utilization of network resources have become the preliminary objective of researchers nowadays. Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has attained widespread significance in this regard and has become a strong candidate for enhancing energy efficiency (EE) performance of existing networks. Multicarrier NOMA (MC‐NOMA) technique is an extension of NOMA that breaks the available resource block into various subchannels and allocates them efficiently to NOMA users (NUs). MC‐NOMA networks have the ability to further enhance system performance by efficiently exploiting channel diversity for addressing the problems of spectral inefficiency and power limitations. Therefore, in this paper, we have considered MC‐NOMA technology for an uplink scenario to investigate its performance for enhancing system EE by performing energy‐efficient power and subchannel allocation. To this end, we have formulated a joint user clustering, subchannel allocation, and power allocation problem for EE maximization (JSPEE) of uplink MC‐NOMA scenario. Due to the nonconvex, combinatorial nature of the problem, we propose a two‐step solution: that is, for each subchannel, first, subchannel allocation and user clustering are attained through low‐complexity suboptimal algorithm, which is followed by energy‐efficient power allocation of NUs. For subchannel allocation and user clustering, we exploit the channel diversity in the form of difference in channel gain values of various users. For power allocation, the nonconvex nature of the formulated problem is tackled by employing Dinkelbach and successive convex approximation (SCA) techniques to attain an energy‐efficient solution. Our simulation results portray that the JSPEE algorithm clearly outperforms the current NOMA as well as OMA works and enhances the system EE by efficient user clustering and exploiting channel diversity.
Distinct clinical phenotypes of congestion in acute heart failure: characteristics, treatment response, and outcomes
Authors: Sokolska Justyna Maria , Sokolski Mateusz , Zymliński Robert , Biegus Jan , Siwołowski Paweł , Nawrocka‐Millward Sylwia , Swoboda Katarzyna , Gajewski Piotr , Jankowska Ewa Anita , Banasiak Waldemar , Ponikowski Piotr 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsPatients with acute heart failure (AHF) are included into clinical trials regardless of differences in baseline clinical characteristics. The aim of this study was to assess patients with AHF according to the presence of central and/or peripheral congestion at hospital admission and evaluate treatment response and outcomes in studied phenotypes.Methods and resultsWe investigated retrospectively 352 patients (mean age: 68 ± 13 years, 77% men) hospitalized due to AHF with the signs of congestion on admission. Patients were divided according to the type of signs of congestion into three groups: A, isolated pulmonary congestion (n = 52, 15%); B, isolated peripheral congestion (n = 31, 9%); and C, signs of mixed (peripheral and central) congestion (n = 269, 76%). Patients from Group A had lower concentration of urea, bilirubin, and gamma‐glutamyl transferase whereas higher level of haematocrit, albumin, and leukocytes on admission. The highest baseline N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide level (median: 4113 vs. 3634 vs. 6093 pg/mL) and percentage of patients with chronic heart failure (56 vs. 58 vs. 74%; A vs. B. vs. C, respectively, all P < 0.01) were observed in Group C. There were no differences in terms of demographics, co‐morbidities, left ventricular ejection fraction, and applied treatment between studied groups. Patients from Group A had the highest systolic blood pressure on admission (145 ± 37 vs. 122 ± 20 vs. 130 ± 29 mmHg) and the biggest decrease in systolic blood pressure [−22 (−45 to −4) vs. −2 (−13 to 2) vs. −10 (−25 to 0) mmHg] and heart rate [−16 (−35 to −1.5) vs. −1 (−10 to 5) vs. −7 (−20 to 0) b.p.m.] with the lowest weight change [−1.0 (−1.0 to 0) vs. −2.9 (−3.8 to −0.9) vs. −2.0 (−3.0 to −1.0) kg; all P < 0.01] after 48 h of hospitalization. There were differences in short‐term and long‐term outcomes with favourable results in Group A. Group A experienced less frequent in‐hospital heart failure worsening during the first 48 h (4 vs. 23 vs. 7%), had shorter length of hospital stay [6 (5–8) vs. 7 (5–11) vs. 7 (6–11) days], and had lower 1 year all‐cause mortality (12 vs. 28 vs. 29%; all P < 0.05). Presence of peripheral congestion on admission was independent predictor for all‐cause mortality within 1 year [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.68 (1.06–6.79); P = 0.04].ConclusionsPatterns of congestion in AHF are associated with differences in clinical characteristics, treatment response, and outcomes. It needs to be considered once planning clinical trials in AHF.
The determinants of capital structure: Evidence from SAARC countries
Authors: Shahzad Aamer , Azeem Muhammad , Nazir Mian Sajid , Vo Xuan Vinh , Linh Nguyen T. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCapital structure is considered one of the most debatable and controversial subjects in corporate finance. However, little is known about capital structure determinants of firms in the South Asian region. This study attempts to address the gap by not only investigate the impact of firm and country‐specific factors on firms' capital structure across the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region but also offer a cross‐country comparison. Results reveal significant relationships between tangibility, profitability, liquidity, firm size, stock market development, economic growth and firm leverage, suggesting that firms in the region are more likely to make their capital structure decisions following pecking order theory. We also find significant differences across countries and debt maturities.
Sloths (Bradypus variegatus) as a polygastric mammal
Authors: Mesquita Ellen Y. E. , Soares Paola C. , Mello Luise R. , Freire Elisa C. B. , Lima Ana R. , Giese Elane G. , Branco Érika 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFermentative herbivorous animals have peculiar conformations of the digestive system. It is known that B. variegatus obtained the capacity for evolutionary adaptation, due to their ecology and eating habits. However, despite the literature on feeding management for this species, there is a lack of published information regarding its gastric morphology, and such information would support a better understanding on the diet and digestion of these individuals. We found seven gastric compartments, which histologically revealed three distinct patterns: an aglandular keratinized fraction (mechanical stomach) and two glandular fractions, one a mucus secretor and the other one composed of acid secreting cells (chemical stomach). With these evidences we understand that these individuals have gastric resemblance to ruminants, with some inherent peculiarities of this species, including the transit of the bolus.