bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase Segregated Bimetallic Alloys As Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Higgins Drew Christopher , Hahn Christopher , Hatsukade Toru , Jaramillo Thomas F 
Published: February 2020

Operating in tandem with renewable electricity supplies (i.e., wind or solar), electrochemical synthesis of chemical and fuel products from carbon dioxide (CO2) represents a sustainable method to fuel the energy needs of society. The primary shortcoming of this technology is the lack of catalysts that are both sufficiently active and selective. The ability to produce further reduced (> 2 electron) fuels and chemicals, such as hydrocarbons, alcohols and carbonyls, is most attractive from an economic standpoint. Catalyst surface structure engineering or alloying are both effective strategies to favour selectivity towards these targeted compounds.
More specifically, our group’s catalyst material discovery efforts on bimetallic alloys have been capable of controlling selectivity of various CO2 reduction products, owing to the effects that alloying has on the adsorption energies of key reaction intermediates. A notable drawback of many bimetallic systems however is that their low alloy formation energies cause them to segregate under the reactive conditions encountered during CO2reduction [1]. This results in an enriched surface layer of the less reactive element, and a consequential loss of the benefits achieved through alloying.
In this work we turn to a new class of bimetallic CO2 reduction catalysts, consisting of elements that are immiscible on the bulk scale. These phase segregated systems (Figure 1A) are employed in an attempt to tailor catalyst selectivity towards further reduced products. Thin films of these catalysts are prepared and tested in our custom designed electrochemical cell (Figure 1B) that allows excellent detection capabilities towards liquid based products such as alcohol and carbonyl compounds [2]. We show that by employing phase segregated systems with varying compositions and constituent elements we are able to tune the selectivity of bimetallic CO2reduction electrocatalysts.
[1] H. Hansen, C. Shi, A. Lausche, A. Peterson, J. Norskov, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 9194.
[2] K. Kuhl, E. Cave, D. Abram, T. Jaramillo, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 2012, 5, 7050.

Figure 1
Electrochemical Methane Reforming Using SrZr0.5Ce0.4Y0.1O3-d proton-Conductor Cell
Authors: Maeda Shota , Kurashina Daisuke , Leonard Kwati , Lee Young-Sung , Matsumoto Hiroshige 
Published: February 2020

Hydrogen will be an important energy carrier and its demand will increase significantly in the coming years. Technologies to separate hydrogen from various hydrogen production processes will thus be required. Currently steam reforming of natural gas is the most common method to produce hydrogen. The process is generally carried out at high temperature and the produced hydrogen is usually mixed with other gases. The recovery of hydrogen at high temperature without the need for cooling will significantly enhance the efficiency and performance of the system. The way to use a solid oxide cell as a membrane reactor for hydrogen production can work for this purpose. The use of high temperature proton conducting membranes to pump out the hydrogen will be a useful approach to recover highly pure hydrogen.
In the present study, dense SrZr0.5Ce0.4Y0.1O3-δ (SZCY541) perovskite membrane was combined with NiO-SZCY541 electrode to produced hydrogen via steam reforming of methane. SZCY541 was prepared by conventional solid state reaction using SrCO3, CeO2, ZrO2, Y2O3 as precursors. The precursors were appropriately weighed, mixed and calcined at 1350 oC for 10 h in air, then ball-milled and the obtained powder pressed into pellets, and sintered at 1700 oC for 10 h in air. The hydrogen pumping was performed at 600 – 800 oC in moist CH4 and 1% H2atmosphere. The atmosphere of each electrode was measured by gas chromatography. Material resistance, electrode voltage were evaluated using a current interrupt method.
When the gas composition was measured as a function of the current, it was seen that hydrogen at the anode decreased while that at the cathode gradually increased. The rates are consistent with the theoretical calculated efficiency using Faraday’s law. Only hydrogen could be separated without the permeation of the other gases at the cathode. The anode overvoltage was observed to deteriorate due to the addition of methane. In this conclusion, high temperature proton conducting membranes can be used to pump hydrogen for the separation of pure hydrogen from the reforming of methane. It was also possible to confirm the effects of overvoltage application.

Figure 1
Correlating the Onset of Coking with Electrode Surface Chemistry during CO2 Electrolysis with Near Ambient Pressure X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Bishop Sean R. , Wang Jiayue , Tsvetkov Nikolai , Lu Qiyang , Gallet Jean-Jacques , Bournel Fabrice , Crumlin Ethan J , Lu Qiang , Yildiz Bilge 
Published: February 2020

Recycling carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide as a feedstock for industry and transportation has become of great interest as a means to reduce the impact of humanity on the environment. Due to the high thermodynamic efficiency inherent in electrochemical reduction of CO2 at high temperatures (~800 oC), solid oxide electrolysis is an attractive method for CO production. Furthermore, in steam and CO2 co-electrolysis (SOE), the hydrogen and CO products constitute syngas, of significant importance to industry. Additionally, SOE of CO2 is actively being explored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to generate O2 for rocket propellant and life support for future missions to Mars. Mitigating degradation of SOE cell performance over time remains a key challenge of the technology. For example, carbon accumulation (coking) on the cathode electrode during reduction of CO2, particularly problematic in dry conditions, leads to mechanical and electrochemical degradation of the cell. Other degradation modes, well known in the solid oxide fuel cell community, such as large electrode volume changes during redox (i.e., chemical expansion) with subsequent mechanical failure are also of concern. As a result, electrodes have been developed to counter these degradation modes in electrolysis and fuel cell operation. The majority of studies have largely been guided by empirical evidence indicating coke tolerant electrodes. In this presentation, we describe an investigation into the relationship between gas/solid interface compositional and operational factors that lead to the onset of coking. We take advantage of surface sensitive spectroscopy performed in situ in controlled gas atmosphere and temperature, known as near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS).
NAP-XPS was used to evaluate conditions leading to coking using CO/CO2 mixtures at approx. 200 mTorr total pressure at 450 oC. Electrical bias was applied to ceria based films, deposited using pulsed laser deposition on “buried” Pt electrodes, supported on ionic conducting substrates of yttria stabilized zirconia to in situ drive the CO2 reduction reaction. Two different Gd doped ceria based films were studied, one with Zr doping (suggested to exhibit greater coke tolerance) and one without. The surface spectroscopy analysis yields information about the relationship between onset of coking, surface defect concentration (e.g., oxygen vacancies), surface composition (e.g., relative cation and impurity), and area specific resistance. In this presentation, we will discuss the relationship between these factors, as well as the role of gas composition (CO/CO2).
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots By Microwave-Assisted Autoclave Treatment
Authors: Yoshinaga Taishu , Iso Yoshiki , Isobe Tetsuhiko 
Published: February 2020

Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (carbon dots) can be synthesized through hydrothermal treatment of carbon materials in an autoclave. Carbon dots are expected to possess homogeneous properties by using a microwave heating system instead of an electric heating system. Here, we reports particulate and photoluminescent (PL) properties of the carbon dots synthesized by microwave-assisted autoclave treatment.
D(+)-glucose and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were dissolved in ultrapure water. The solution was purged with Ar gas and transferred into a Teflon vessel. The sealed Teflon vessel was heated at 200 °C using a microwave-assisted autoclave. The heating duration was changed from 5 to 60 min. The resulting dispersion was purified by centrifuging, dialyzing, and filtrating to yield a dispersion of carbon dots. The powder of carbon dots was obtained by freeze drying.
According to the TEM observation, the mean particle size of carbon dots increased proportionally to hydrothermal treatment duration. According to the XRD pattern, carbon dots were mainly amorphous. Raman spectra revealed that carbon dots had a framework of graphite. A broad band with its maximum at ~360 nm was observed in PL excitation spectra of dispersions. The PL peak shifted to longer wavelength with increasing excitation wavelength. Thus, the PL spectra contained broad bands with maxima at ~400–700 nm. Maximum PL intensity and absorbance at optimum excitation wavelength increased with increasing hydrothermal treatment duration. This is attributed to an increase in fluorescence-related sites inside grown carbon dots.
Optically and Thermally Stimulated Luminescence in X-Ray Irradiated Sno-Doped Sro-B2O3 and ZnO-P2O3 Glasses for Passive-Type Dosimeter
Authors: Nanto Hidehito , Nakagawa Ryota , Takei Yoshinori , Hirasawa Kazuki , Miyamoto Yuka , Masai Hirokazu , Okada Go , Yanagida Takayuki 
Published: February 2020

Optically and thermally stimulated luminescence (OSL and TSL) phenomenon is based on the presence of electron and/or hole traps and luminescence centers in storage phosphor materials. During exposure to ionizing radiation such as x-ray, γ-ray and β-ray, the traps are occupied with charged carriers such as electrons and holes that are created by irradiation with ionizing radiation. De-trapping of these carriers requires energy. The energy is provided by stimulating of the phosphor materials with visible or infrared light (OSL) or by heating of the phosphor (TSL). During a de-trapping transition, free carriers created by the absorption of photons from the stimulating radiation field, recombine with the luminescence centers, whereby visible photons are emitted. Since the OSL or TSL intensity is in the most cases proportional to absorbed dose of ionizing radiation, the phosphor materials which exhibit the OSL and TSL phenomena adapt to two-dimensional imaging sensor for ionizing radiation.
Although imaging plate (IP) using photostimulable phosphor materials such as BaFBr:Eu [1,2] and CsBr:Eu [3] can be now used as two-dimensional sensor for ionizing radiation, these phosphor materials with deliquescent property exhibit poor fading characteristics which is one problem on two dimensional radiation dose estimation using the IP. As a result of surveying many possible phosphor materials, we found that SnO-doped SrO-B2O3 and ZnO-P2O3 glass without deliquescent properties exhibit an efficient OSL and TSL, and good fading characteristics. Typical OSL stimulation and emission spectra of x-ray irradiated SnO-doped SrO-B2O3 glass are shown in Fig.1. In this work, the OSL and TSL characteristics in x-ray irradiated SrO-B2O3 and ZnO-P2O3glasses are in the first time reported and OSL and TSL characteristics are discussed for the passive type dosimeter.
Ref.
[1] K.Takahashi et al., J. Electrochemcal Soc., 32(1985) 1492.
[2] M.Takebe and K.Abe, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, A345(1994) 606.
[3]H.Nanto et al., Nuclear Instruments and Methods, A580 (2007)278.

Figure 1
(Invited) Artificial Intelligence Integrated Multiscale, Multiphysics Computational Chemistry Methods Based on Ultra-Accelerated Quantum Chemical Molecular Dynamics for Luminescence Materials
Authors: Miyamoto Akira , Bonnaud Patrick Alain , Miura Ryuji , Suzuki Ai , Miyamoto Naoto , Hatakeyama Nozomu 
Published: February 2020

Our previous research work using different computational methods for the design of phosphor/luminescence materials, show our multiscale, multiphysics computational chemistry methods based on the ultra-accelerated quantum chemical molecular dynamics(UA-QCMD) method which can perform quantum chemical molecular dynamics calculation around 10,000,000 times faster than the conventional first-principles molecular dynamics. In the present study we have demonstrated that the UA-QCMD has high accuracy in comparison with density functional theory(DFT) method and thermodynamic data for a variety of compounds including metal, metal oxides, nitrides, and sulfides which are important as luminescence materials and devices. A variety of applications of the artificial intelligence integrated multiscale, multiphysics computational chemistry methods based on the UA-QCMD are also presented in the meeting.

References:

1.
H. Onuma et al., J. Ceramic Process. Res. 14(2013) 48.

2.
H. Onuma et al., J. Soc. Inform. Display, 18(2010) 211.

3. M.K. Alam et al., J. Phys. Chem. C., 113(2009) 7723.

4. F. Ahmed et al., J. Phys. Chem. C., 113 (2009) 15676.
A New Green Phosphor Using Solid-Solution and Their Structural and Optical Properties
Authors: Kim Yoon Hwa , Im Won Bin 
Published: February 2020

Garnet structure (cubic, space group Ia-3d) is recognized as highly stable and efficient host for white solid state lighting application. However, yellow Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ phosphor is associated with patent infringement while a replacement of yttrium with lutetium of form a similar structure Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+ (LuAG:Ce3+) phosphor would raise the cost of the LED device.
The solid-solution design is an efficient route to develop new phosphors with various compositions. The commonly used solid-solution design method concentrates on the cation/anion substitution. The benefits vary from the color tuning of the peaking emission, to improved structural rigidity or chemical stability.(1) Garnet structure which accommodates wide variety of cations can be chosen as a template for such solid solutions.
In this study, we report a new green-emitting phosphor, the Ce3+-doped garnet, which has better luminescence properties than the commercial LuAG:Ce3+phosphors. The influence of expanding substituted site by solid-solution and the change of photoluminescence intensity have been explored, and established their correlation. By the fabrication of white laser diodes, we explored its potential suitability in white laser diodes applications. This suggests that the phosphor displays great potential for application in white light generation using blue laser diodes.
1. W. B. Im, N. George, J. Kurzman, S. Brinkley, A. Mikhailovsky, J. Hu, B. F. Chmelka, S. P. DenBaars and R. Seshadri, Advanced Materials, 23, 2300 (2011).
Figure 1. Photoluminescence excitation spectra and emission spectra of optimized sample by solid-solution and commercial LuAG:Ce3+phosphor at room temperature.

Figure 1
(Keynote) Towards Implantable Miniature Glucose-O2 Biofuel Cells
Authors: Mano Nicolas 
Published: February 2020

Miniature glucose/O2 biofuel cells are of particular interest because they may power implanted medical devices. However, numerous challenges remain to overcome before envisioning such applications.
Other than well-established experiments in aqueous buffer, little work has been performed in whole human blood because it contains numerous inhibiting molecules. In my talk, I will show the results obtained with 30 biofuel cells operating in anonymized, random and disease-free whole human blood samples. By designing our anodic and cathodic bioelectrocatalysts with osmium based redox polymers and home-made enzymes we could reach a high selectivity and biofunctionnality. After optimization, BFCs generate power densities directly proportional to the glycaemia of human blood and reached a maximum power density of 129 µW.cm-2 at 0.38 V vs. Ag/AgCl at 8.22 mM glucose. I will also discuss our recent achievement towards implantation in mices and toxicity issues, which are generally raised with the use of Osmium complexes.
(Invited) Nanopore Sensing with a Stable Lipid Bilayer in Microfabricated Devices
Authors: Kawano Ryuji 
Published: February 2020

Artificial cell membranes have emerged as a biomimetic tool in such areas as membrane protein study, synthetic biology, and drug discovery. Planar lipid bilayer is the planar membrane and it is used for measuring transmembrane current of ion channels, membrane peptides, or pore-forming proteins. However, the stability of the lipid bilayer and the reproducibility of bilayer formation are serious issues for the practical experiments. To improve these issues, we have tried to use microfabrication technologies based on photolithography, micro-milling, and 3D printing.
Microfabrication and microfluidics have the potential to significantly change the way of recent chemical or biological experiments. Microfabricated devices offer the ability to work with smaller sample volumes, shorter reaction time, and the possibility of parallel operation. They also hold the promise of integrating an entire onto a single chip, as lab-on-a-chip. In this presentation, I introduce a stable and reproducible preparation procedure for the planar lipid bilayers using “droplet contact method” in microfabicated devices. In addition, I will show the recent applications, such as single molecule detection with biological nanopores and DNA computing in the droplet network.
Study of Microbial Fuel Cell for Implantable Application
Authors: Narla Aashray , Upadhyaya Dhruv , Amaravati Sivakumar , Chittur Krishnaswamy Subramaniam 
Published: February 2020

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a hybrid bioelectrochemical system, which converts biosubstrates directly into electricity by effectively oxidizing those using bacteria under ambient temperature/pressure condition. The potential, developed between the bacterial metabolic activity and electron acceptor, was separated by a membrane (Perfluro sulphonic acid membrane in this case) manifesting bioelectricity generation. The achievable power output from MFCs can be tuned by modifying the system design, such as optimization of the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) structure, cell operating conditions, and the choice of biocatalyst. MFC’s are good candidates for implantable applications. The advantages for implantable application are biocompatibility and natural, safe and light, amenability to sterilization, continuous power output, minimal invasiveness, long life cycle, easy to integrate electronics.
Selection of the anode-cathode electrodes materials and structure is one of the critical challenges of MFC and more so for the implantable application. These can affect the power density and Coulombic efficiency. The electrochemical characteristics of MFC are studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization profiles. Carbon and blends with graphene are used for developing the electrode diffusion structure. The anode is filled with bacteria which is E.Coli where luria bertani medium is used to grow the bacteria. The cathode is coated with manganese dioxide. The achievable cell potential is around 0.7-0.8V. For implantable application a power density of, in vitro > 10 μW / cm² and in vivo > 5 μW / cm² is targeted. Complete characterisation and optimisation parameters of the cell will be presented.
Direct Electron Transfer of Hemoglobin on Indium-Tin Oxide Electrodes Synthesized By Dip-Coating Methods Under Different Sintering Temperature
Authors: Ayato Yusuke , Mochizuki Dai , Sugimoto Wataru 
Published: February 2020

The direct electron transfer (DET) between electrodes and redox proteins is important when considering practical applications such as body implantable devices for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and deep brain stimulation (DBS), since such electrical devices should require biocompatibility, simplicity of electrodes, potential difference in electrochemical cells, etc. We have investigated the DET properties of hemoglobin (Hb) molecules on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes [1-3]. In our previous study, the ITO electrodes were synthesized on glass plates by using dip-coating solution with different Sn/(Sn+In) molar ratio, and Hb molecules showed the DET activity on the synthesized ITO electrodes [3]. It was found that the DET activities of Hb molecules were different at ITO electrodes synthesized from different Sn ratio. The largest DET current was observed on the ITO electrode synthesized from a Sn ratio of 0.50. The results also suggested from previous studies with different Sn ratio that the active sites and electrical properties of ITO might be related with the DET behavior with Hb molecules.
To understand the relationship between crystallinity of ITO and DET of Hb molecules on electrode surfaces, in this study, ITO electrodes were prepared on quartz plates under different sintering temperature from 350°C to 950°C for 15 min by using dip-coating solution with the Sn ratio of 0.50. The coating procedure was repeated ten times. X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks attributed to Sn-doped In2O3 were observed, with the peak intensity increasing with increasing sintering temperature.
Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was conducted with a three-electrode system in 39 mM phosphate buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4) with or without 100 μM Hb solution. ITO sintered at 350°C and 950°C behaved as poor electrodes due to their high electrical resistance. Hb molecules showed good DET activities on the ITO electrodes sintered at 500°C, 650°C, and 800°C. The results indicated that there were optimum crystallinity of the ITO electrodes for showing DET activity to Hb molecules.
References
[1] Y. Ayato, K. Sakurai, S. Fukunaga, T. Suganuma, K. Yamagiwa, H. Shiroishi, J. Kuwano, Biosens Bioelectron, 55 (2014) 14.
[2] Y. Ayato, N. Matsuda, Energies, 7(1) (2014) 1.
[3] Y. Ayato, W. Sugimoto, ECS Trans., 66(39) (2015) 29.