bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling cave cross‐section evolution including sediment transport and paragenesis
Authors: Cooper Max P. , Covington Matthew D. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryDeposits within caves are often used to interpret past landscape evolution and climate conditions. However, cave passage shapes also preserve information about past conditions. Despite the usefulness of passage shape, no previous models simulate cave cross‐section evolution in a realistic manner. Here we develop a model for evolving cave passage cross‐sections using a shear stress estimation algorithm and a shear stress erosion rule. Our model qualitatively duplicates observed cave passage shapes so long as erosion rates vary with shear stress, as in the case of transport limited dissolution or mechanical erosion. This result provides further evidence that erosion rates within caves are not typically limited by surface reaction rates, even though current speleogenesis models predict surface‐rate limitation under most turbulent flow conditions. By adding sediment transport and alluviation to the model we successfully simulate paragenetic channels. Simulations duplicate the hypothesized dynamics of paragenesis, whereby: 1) the cross‐section of a phreatic passage grows until shear stress is sufficiently reduced that alluviation occurs, 2) the floor of the passage becomes armored and erosion continues on the ceiling and walls, 3) negative feedback produces an equilibrium cross‐sectional area such that shear stress is sufficient to transport incoming sediment. We derive an approximate scaling relationship that indicates that equilibrium paragenetic channel width scales with the square root of discharge, and weakly with the inverse of sediment supply. Simulations confirm this relationship and show that erosion mechanism, sediment size, and roughness are secondary controls. The inverse scaling of width with sediment supply in paragenetic channels contrasts with surface bedrock channels, which respond to larger sediment supplies by widening. Our model provides a first step in simulating cave cross‐section evolution and points to the need for a better understanding of the dominant erosion mechanisms in soluble bedrock channels. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term impact of the proglacial lake Jökulsárlón on the flow velocity and stability of Breiðamerkurjökull glacier, Iceland
Authors: Baurley Nathaniel R. , Robson Benjamin A. , Hart Jane K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProglacial lakes are becoming ubiquitous at the termini of many glaciers worldwide due to continued climate warming and glacier retreat, and such lakes have important consequences for the dynamics and future stability of these glaciers. In light of this, we quantified decadal changes in glacier velocity since 1991 using satellite remote sensing for Breiðamerkurjökull, a large lake‐terminating glacier in Iceland. We investigated its frontal retreat, lake area change and ice surface elevation change, combined with bed topography data, to understand its recent rapid retreat and future stability. We observed highly spatially variable velocity change from 1991 to 2015, with a substantial increase in peak velocity observed at the terminus of the lake‐terminating eastern arm from ~1.00 ± 0.36 m day−1 in 1991 to 3.50 ± 0.25 m day−1 in 2015, with mean velocities remaining elevated from 2008 onwards. This is in stark comparison to the predominately land‐terminating arms, which saw no discernible change in their velocity over the same period. We also observed a substantial increase in the area of the main proglacial lake (Jökulsárlón) since 1982 of ~20 km2, equating to an annual growth rate of 0.55 km2 year−1. Over the same period, the eastern arm retreated by ~3.50 km, which is significantly greater than the other arms. Such discrepancies between the different arms are due to the growth and, importantly, depth increase of Jökulsárlón, as the eastern arm has retreated into its ~300 m‐deep reverse‐sloping subglacial trough. We suggest that this growth in lake area, forced initially by rising air temperatures, combined with the increase in lake depth, triggered an increase in flow acceleration, leading to further rapid retreat and the initiation of a positive feedback mechanism. These findings may have important implications for how increased melt and calving forced by climate change will affect the future stability of large soft‐bedded, reverse‐sloped, subaqueous‐terminating glaciers elsewhere. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Influence of topographic, geomorphic, and hydrologic variables on beaver dam height and persistence in the intermountain western United States
Authors: Hafen Konrad C. , Wheaton Joseph M. , Roper Brett B. , Bailey Philip , Bouwes Nicolaas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStream ecosystems can be dramatically altered by dam‐building activities of North American beaver (Castor canadensis). The extent to which beavers’ ecosystem engineering alters riverscapes is driven by the density, longevity, and size (i.e. height and length) of the dams constructed. In comparison to the relative ubiquity of beaver dams on the landscape, there is a scarcity of data describing dam heights. We collected data describing dam height and dam condition (i.e. damaged or intact) of 500 beaver dams via rapid field survey, differentiating between primary and secondary dams and associating each dam with a beaver dam complex. With these data, we examined the influence of beaver dam type (primary/secondary), drainage area, streamflow, stream power, valley bottom width, and HUC12 watershed on beaver dam height with linear regression and the probability that a beaver dam was damaged with logistic regression. On average, primary dams were 0.46 m taller than secondary dams; 15% of observed dams were primary and 85% secondary. Dam type accounted for 21% of dam height variation (p <0.0001). Slope (p = 0.0107), discharge (p = 0.0029), and drainage area (p = 0.0399) also affected dam height, but each accounted for less than 3% of dam height variation. The average number of dams in a dam complex was 6.1 (SD ± 4.5) and ranged from 1 to 21. The watershed a beaver dam was located in accounted for the most variability (17.8%) in the probability that a beaver dam was damaged, which was greater than the variability explained by any multiple logistic regression model. These results indicate that temporally dynamic variables are important influencers of dam longevity and that beaver dam ecology is a primary factor influencing beaver dam height. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production and characterization of freeze‐dried banana slices pretreated with ascorbic acid and quince seed mucilage: Physical and functional properties
Authors: Milani Alireza , Jouki Mohammad , Rabbani Mohammad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objective of this investigation was to illustrate the effects of quince seed mucilage (QSM) and ascorbic acid pretreatments to prevent the quality of freeze‐dried banana slices. The studied parameters were moisture content, antioxidant activity, total phenol, color properties, structural properties, and sensory evaluation. Both treatments were effective in protecting total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in dried banana slices (P ˂ .05). The control slices showed greater increase in browning index (BI) and greater decrease in lightness (L*) than pretreated dried samples. Ascorbic acid and QSM treatments can be effective in the control of the enzymatic browning along with maintaining the quality properties of banana chips. Therefore, using of immersion pretreatment with 0.25% QSM and 0.05% ascorbic acid is recommended to prevent enzymatic browning as well as maintain the quality of banana chips before the drying process.
Formulation and biochemical evaluation of designer diet enriched with botanicals for bone health
Authors: Yasmeen Ammara , Arshad Muhammad Sajid , Ahmad Rabia Shabir , Saeed Farhan , Imran Ali , Anjum Faqir Muhammad , Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe study designed to evaluate the role of sesame, fenugreek flax, and nuts seeds as best alternatives for therapeutic agents to improve bone mineral status. Effect of these plant seeds on proximate composition, antioxidant potential, mineral, fatty acid, and amino acid profile of supplements was studied. The sesame, fenugreek, and flaxseeds were incorporated with nuts at level of 35% to develop supplement. Improved contents of protein, fat, and NFE were recorded in range of 25.72–32.23, 18.92–23.15, and 34.25%–39.59%, correspondingly. The antioxidant potential of supplements is high (450.56 mg GAE/ 100g) prepared with fenugreek followed by flaxseeds and sesame seeds. Calcium as fundamental bone mineral found greater (525.15%–790.21%) in seed‐based supplement. Enhanced contents of Oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids ranged 17.32–41.78, 21.72–44.23, and 1.00%–47.12%, respectively. Nutritional enriched supplements may be best alternatives for improving bone health by lowering osteoclast and increasing osteoblast mechanism in bone development.
The role of head and neck cancer advocacy organizations during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yan Flora , Rauscher Erika , Hollinger Amanda , Caputo Mary Ann , Ready John , Fakhry Carole , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O. , Leonardis Chris , Yearout Danielle , Tsue Terance T. , Day Terry A. , Moore Michael G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant impact on many aspects of head and neck cancer (HNC) care. The uncertainty and stress resulting from these changes has led many patients and caregivers to turn to HNC advocacy groups for guidance and support. Here we outline some of the issues being faced by patients with HNC during the current crisis and provide examples of programs being developed by advocacy groups to address them. We also highlight the increased utilization of these organizations that has been observed as well as some of the challenges being faced by these not‐for‐profit groups as they work to serve the head and neck community.
Immunomodulatory treatment for mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT lymphoma)
Authors: Kiesewetter Barbara , Raderer Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe pathogenesis of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has been characterized as a dynamic process driven by lymphoma cell dependency on T‐cell signaling, chronic antigenic stimulation of marginal zone B‐cells and activation of the nuclear factor‐kappa B signaling pathway. This concept is underlined by the strong causal connection of chronic Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis and MALT lymphoma development based on perpetual auto‐antigenic stimulation of Helicobacter pylori‐specific T‐cells, but also its association with further potential infectious triggers and autoimmune disorders for extragastric lymphoma sites. Thus, given the dependency of MALT lymphoma cells on the tumor microenvironment, this specific entity appears highly suitable for immunomodulatory treatment strategies. Several approaches have been assessed in the last years including promising data on immunomodulatory agents “IMiDs” thalidomide and lenalidomide, macrolide antibiotics and antibodies. The aim of the present review is to discuss rationales for immunomodulatory therapies in MALT lymphoma and to present the statu quo on immunomodulatory and therefore chemotherapy‐free treatment strategies for these patients.
Epigenetic priming with decitabine followed by low dose idarubicin and cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia evolving from myelodysplastic syndromes and higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes: a prospective multicenter single‐arm trial
Authors: Zhou Xinping , Mei Chen , Zhang Jin , Lu Ying , Lan Jianping , Lin Shengyun , Zhang Yuefeng , Kuang Yuemin , Ren Yanling , Ma Liya , Wei Juying , Ye Li , Xu Weilai , Li Kongfei , Lu Chenxi , Jin Jie , Tong Hongyan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPatients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) evolving from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or higher‐risk MDS have limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Our previous single‐center study of decitabine followed by low dose idarubicin and cytarabine (D‐IA) in patients with myeloid neoplasms showed promising primary results. We therefore conducted a multicenter study of D‐IA regimen in AML evolving from MDS and higher‐risk MDS. Patients with AML evolving from MDS or refractory anemia with excess blasts type 2 (RAEB‐2) (based on the 2008 WHO classification) were included. The D‐IA regimen (decitabine, 20 mg/m2 daily, days 1 to 3; idarubicin, 6 mg/m2 daily, days 4 to 6; cytarabine 25 mg/m2 every 12 hours, days 4 to 8; granulocyte colony stimulating factor [G‐CSF], 5 μg/kg, from day 4 until neutrophil count increased to 1.0 × 109/L) was administered as induction chemotherapy. Seventy‐one patients were enrolled and treated, among whom 44 (62.0%) had AML evolving from MDS and 27 (38.0%) had RAEB‐2. Twenty‐eight (63.6%) AML patients achieved complete remission (CR) or complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi): 14 (31.8%) patients had CR and 14 (31.8%) had CRi. Six (22.2%) MDS patients had CR and 15 (55.6%) had marrow complete remission. The median overall survival (OS) was 22.4 months for the entire group, with a median OS of 24.2 months for AML and 20.0 months for MDS subgroup. No early death occurred. In conclusion, the D‐IA regimen was effective and well tolerated, representing an alternative option for patients with AML evolving from MDS or MDS subtype RAEB‐2.
Evaluation of folate receptor‐mediated tumor detection as a triage tool in cervical cancer screening
Authors: Zhao Yun , Li Mingzhu , Li Yali , Lv Qiubo , Chen Fei , Li Bin , Zhang Zhenyu , Guo Hongyan , Lu Dan , Wang Fengying , Zhai Jianjun , Feng Limin , Lai Ailuan , Li Hongxia , Yao Chen , Wei Lihui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of folate receptor‐mediated tumor detection (FRD) for identifying high‐grade intraepithelial squamous lesions (HSIL) in the triage of women who are positive for human papillomavirus (HPV), and those with cytology findings of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS).MethodA secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from 1504 women who had abnormal results during primary cervical cancer screening at 13 hospitals in Beijing, China, between November 2014 and August 2015. The detection accuracy of FRD was evaluated among HPV‐positive women and women with ASCUS referred for colposcopy examination.ResultsAmong 1338 women with HPV, the percentage coincidence with pathology findings was higher for FRD (66.7%) than for cytology of ASCUS or higher (51.5%). The rate of colposcopy referral for cytology and FRD as a triage tool was 969 (72.4%) and 736 (55.0%), respectively. Thus, 233 (17.4%) fewer women would be referred for colposcopy by FRD. Among 476 women with cytology of ASCUS, the percentage coincidence with pathology findings was higher for FRD (63.4%) than for HPV (35.9%).ConclusionFRD was found to be a promising triage tool for women who are HPV‐positive and those with cytology findings of ASCUS.
Healthcare information on YouTube: Pregnancy and COVID‐19
Authors: Yuksel Bahar , Cakmak Kubra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to analyze Turkish language videos on YouTube about Coronavirus and pregnancy.MethodsYouTube was searched for the following keywords: "Coronavirus, gebelik," "Coronavirus, Hamilelik," "COVID‐19, gebelik" and "COVID‐19, hamilelik". All ranking data for each video was recorded, video sources and target audiences were analyzed. Videos were designated as "informative, "misleading" "personal experience" and "news update." The usefulness of the videos were analyzed by DISCERN score and the quality of the content was calculated by MICI score.ResultsSeventy‐six videos had a total of 1.494.860 views, with 40.849 likes and 575 dislikes. The source of information in informative videos was physicians (73%), and news agencies (20%), and the majority of these targeted patients. The DISCERN score of videos was 2.9 ± 1, 1.6 ± 0.9, and 1.9 ± 0.9 respectively for respectively for the informative group, personal experience group, and news update group. The mean MICI score for informative videos was low and calculated as 5.3 ± 2.8.ConclusionYouTube videos are easily accessible sources of COVID‐19 information for pregnant women. The present study demonstrated that videos about pregnancy and COVID‐19 have high view rates, but are generally low in quality and trustworthiness.
Federation of 5G services using distributed ledger technologies†
Authors: Antevski Kiril , Bernardos Carlos J. 
Published: May 2020

Federation of services, as a 5G networks concept, aims to provide orchestration of services across multiple administrative domains. In this paper, we are exploring a solution of applying distributed ledger technologies, precisely the combination of blockchain and smart contracts, to enable highly secure, private, fast and distributed interaction between administrative domains in the federation process. Along with the designed solution, we developed an experimental prototype that requires simple one‐time setup and fast simultaneous registration time for multiple administrative domains. Obtained results show single service federation times (without considering the deployment time) of around 5 seconds.
A distributional synthetic control method for policy evaluation
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ting 
Published: May 2020

SummaryWe extend the synthetic control method to evaluate the distributional effects of policy intervention in the possible presence of poor matching. The counterfactuals (or intervention effects) are identified by matching a vector of pre‐intervention quantile residuals of the treated unit and a convex combination of its potential‐control counterparts. The residuals are orthogonal to a set of observable common factors that control for the potentially poor matching. We also apply our method to a set of case studies that explore the distributional effects of state‐level minimum‐wage hikes in the USA.
Suppression of TRPM7 enhances TRAIL‐induced apoptosis in triple‐negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Song Chiman , Choi Seunghye , Oh Ki‐Bong , Sim Taebo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7) composed of an ion channel and a kinase domain regulates triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell migration, invasion, and metastasis, but it does not modulate TNBC proliferation. However, previous studies have shown that the combination treatment of nonselective TRPM7 channel inhibitors (2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and Gd3+) with tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) increases antiproliferative effects and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells and hepatic stellate cells. We, therefore, investigated the potential role of TRPM7 in proliferation and apoptosis of TNBC cells (MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐468 cells) with TRAIL. We demonstrated that suppression of TRPM7 via TRPM7 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition synergistically increases TRAIL‐induced antiproliferative effects and apoptosis in TNBC cells. Furthermore, we showed that the synergistic interaction might be associated with TRPM7 channel activities using combination treatments of TRAIL and TRPM7 inhibitors (NS8593 as a TRPM7 channel inhibitor and TG100‐115 as a TRPM7 kinase inhibitor). We reveal that downregulation of cellular FLICE‐inhibitory protein via inhibition of Ca2+ influx might be involved in the synergistic interaction. Our study would provide both a new role of TRPM7 in TNBC cell apoptosis and a potential combinatorial therapeutic strategy using TRPM7 inhibitors with TRAIL in the treatment of TNBC.
Exposure‐Safety Analyses of Talazoparib in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer and Germline BRCA1/2 Mutations in the EMBRACA and ABRAZO Trials
Authors: Elmeliegy Mohamed , Yu Yanke , Litton Jennifer K. , Czibere Akos , Wilson Gary G. , Tudor Iulia Cristina , Zheng Jenny , Wang Diane D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPoly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors, such as talazoparib, may affect hematopoiesis. This analysis characterized the relationship between talazoparib exposure and the most common grade ≥ 3 hematopoietic adverse events (AEs) leading to dose modification in the phase 2 (ABRAZO) and phase 3 (EMBRACA) trials. The relationship between time‐varying average talazoparib concentration (Cavg,t), along with other baseline variables, and grade ≥ 3 anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia were evaluated both by graphical examination and using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. The results indicated that higher Cavg,t was associated with a higher risk of anemia and thrombocytopenia. A trend toward an association between higher Cavg,t and neutropenia was observed, although not statistically significant. Higher risk of all tested safety end points was associated with lower baseline hemoglobin. Higher risk of neutropenia was associated with lower baseline absolute neutrophil count and lower body weight. These findings support the proposed management of AEs through talazoparib dosing modification.
Prevalence and diversity of human rotavirus among Thai adults
Authors: Satayarak Jantawan , Strauss Stefan Thomas , Duangdee Chatnapa , Charunwatthana Prakaykaew , Jiamsomboon Kultida , Kosoltanapiwat Nathamon , Srinukham Sompan , Boonnak Kobporn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRotavirus infections have become one of the most common causes of infectious gastroenteritis in children. Although rotavirus infections have been intensively studied in infants and young children, the study in adults has been limited. As such, this study assessed the prevalence of rotaviruses and performed the molecular characterization of rotaviruses circulating in Thai adults experiencing acute gastroenteritis between January 2018 and December 2018. Group A human rotaviruses were detected in 100 feces samples by rapid immunochromatography. The peak incidence of infection occurred in February and began to decline in the summer months. From January 2018 to December 2018, there were 1344 acute gastroenteritis adult cases in the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand. Among these, 310 cases were rotavirus‐suspected cases. Only 100 samples tested positive for rotavirus via an immunochromatography test. Twentynine out of the 100 rotavirus‐positive samples were further characterized by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The G3[P8] strain was identified as the most prevalent (31.0%) followed by G1P[8], G8P[8] and G9P[8], and G2P[8], which accounted for 20.8%, 17.2%, and 13.8%, respectively. Because of the detection of rare rotavirus genotypes, such as G8, the surveillance of rotavirus epidemiology is crucial in monitoring new emergences of rotavirus strains, leading to a better understanding of the effects of strain variation for further vaccine development.
The perplexing question of trained immunity vs adaptive memory in COVID‐19
Authors: Kerboua K. E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe wide spectrum of symptoms observed in coronavirus disease 2019 appears to defy explanation. Apart from geographic limitation to people with prior exposure to other coronaviruses and air pollutants, inflammatory comorbidities and older ages are also among the main factors of susceptibility to severe illness. The unusual epidemiological data pointed out in children and African territories have revealed new insights in host‐pathogen interplay with more focus on epigenetic regulation of cognitive compartments belonging to innate immunity. Should trained immunity be proven to be involved in timely immune responsiveness against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and that adaptive memory could be detrimental, both treatment regimens and vaccine design will tremendously change accordingly with more focus on upper respiratory tissue innate immunity to subdue this threat underway.