bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design characteristics and aesthetics in evolutionary design of architectural forms directed by fuzzy evaluation
Authors: Mars Agnieszka , Grabska Ewa , Ślusarczyk Grażyna , Strug Barbara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with design characteristics-oriented approach to architectural design based on the combination of three methods – recognition, generation, and evaluation. Design characteristics are understood as a set of specific features which constitute a discriminant of a class of architectural forms. The Biederman recognition-by-components theory is used to recognize the design structure. An evolutionary algorithm, which serves as a generative tool, is driven by the fuzzy evaluation based on Birkhoff's aesthetic measure. Phenotypes of architectural objects are seen as configurations of Biederman's basic components essential for visual perception. Genotypes of these objects are represented by graphs with bonds, where nodes represent object components, node bonds represent component surfaces, while graph edges represent relations between surfaces. Graph evolutionary operators, that is, crossover and mutation, are defined in such a way that they preserve characteristic features seen as design requirements specified for designed objects. The fitness function is determined by the fuzzy evaluation of designs based on Birkhoff's aesthetic measure for polygons adapted for three-dimensional solids. The approach is illustrated by examples of designing objects with the use of a fuzzy evaluation mechanism, which takes into account both aesthetic criteria and the degree to which design requirements corresponding to object characteristic features are satisfied.
Association between food availability and young people’s fruits and vegetables consumption: understanding the mediation role of the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Lwin May Oo , Malik Shelly , Lau Jerrald 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the relationship between fruits and vegetables (F&V) availability at home and young people’s F&V consumption behaviour, and how the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) constructs could potentially mediate the relationship.Design:Cross-sectional face-to-face survey questionnaire to assess the TPB constructs and home food availability assessed using open inventories method. F&V availability was categorised into low and high levels based on median split.Setting:Singapore.Participants:Two hundred and ten households (each consisting one parent–child pair) recruited via stratified cluster sampling with child participants ranging from 9 to 16 years of age.Results:Mediation analyses were conducted using structural equation modelling. The relationship between home F&V availability and F&V consumption behaviour did not have a significant direct association, but there were significant indirect effects through the routes of perceived behavioural control (PBC) and intention as well as attitude and intention. Specifically, higher level of F&V availability at home was related to more positive PBC and attitude towards F&V, and subsequently greater intention to consume F&V and higher consumption of F&V.Conclusions:Parents should make F&V more readily available at home as increased exposure to F&V could be related to enhanced liking, sense of control and intention to consume F&V and facilitate children’s healthy diet.
The juniper tree. A conversation with Michael B. Schiffer and Randall H. McGuire
Authors: Coelho Rui Gomes 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhat are the circumstances through which we become archaeologists? In April 2018, Rui Gomes Coelho met with his former adviser, Randall H. McGuire, and his adviser’s adviser, Michael B. Schiffer, for a conversation about the reasons why they became interested in archaeology, about mentorship and about how they connect their experiences to broader social questions. This conversation is an affective reflection that crosses the emergence of behavioural archaeology, Marxist archaeology, the postprocessual turn and the context that shaped the origins of the archaeology of the recent past.
Epidemiology of peripheral artery disease in Palestine
Authors: Jamee Amal , Aboyans Victor , Magne Julien , Elhendy Mohammed , Marie Preux Pierre , Lacroix Philippe 
Published: May 2020

Summary: Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one of the most common manifestations of atherosclerosis affecting more than 200 million people globally but little is known about its epidemiology in Middle East populations, particularly in Arab countries. The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of PAD in the general population aged 40 years and more in Gaza-Palestine, and to determine the prevalence of its associated risk factors. Patients and methods: The study design was a cross-sectional with a stratified proportional sampling, involving the five governorates in Gaza Strip. We selected 1490 individuals aged age ≥ 40 years living in the area for more than 3 years. The questionnaire on lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors was applied and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured by Doppler examination in both legs in all participants. PAD was defined as an ABI ≤ 0.90. We excluded 92 participants (6 %) because of missing ABI or ABI > 1.40. Results: One-half of the 1398 participants had at least two associated cardiovascular risk factors, one-third were on aspirin and 15 % on statins. Overall, we found PAD in 191 (13.7 %) cases. This prevalence increased with age, and 18.7 % of adults older than 65 years had PAD. The prevalence was higher in females than in males (respectively 15.6 % vs 11.6 % p = 0.031). In the multivariate logistic regression model, significant associated factors with PAD in males were CAD (OR: 3.5; 95 % CI: 1.4–8.6), hypertension (OR: 2.8; 95 % CI: 1.3–6.1), and current smoking (OR: 2.7; 95 % CI: 1.1–6.6). In women, hypertension remains the main associated risk factor. Conclusions: Our study highlights the high prevalence of PAD in the Gazan community, mostly related to the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and other cardiovascular conditions.
Pressure Effects on the SEIS‐InSight Instrument, Improvement of Seismic Records, and Characterization of Long Period Atmospheric Waves From Ground Displacements
Authors: Garcia Raphael F. , Kenda Balthasar , Kawamura Taichi , Spiga Aymeric , Murdoch Naomi , Lognonné Philippe Henri , Widmer‐Schnidrig Ruldolf , Compaire Nicolas , Orhand‐Mainsant Guénolé , Banfield Donald , Banerdt William Bruce 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMars atmospheric pressure variations induce ground displacements through elastic deformations. The various sensors of the InSight mission were designed in order to be able to understand and correct for these ground deformations induced by atmospheric effects. Particular efforts were made, on one hand, to avoid direct pressure and wind effects on the seismometer and, on the other hand, to have a high performance pressure sensor operating in the same frequency range as the seismometer. As a consequence of these technical achievements and the low background seismic noise of Mars, the InSight mission is opening a new science domain in which the ground displacements can be used to perform atmospheric science. This study presents an analysis of pressure and seismic signals and the relations between them. After a short description of the pressure and seismic sensors, we present an analysis of these signals as a function of local time at the InSight location. Then the coherent signals recorded by both pressure and seismic sensors are described and interpreted in terms of atmospheric signals and ground deformation processes. Two different methods to remove the pressure effects recorded by SEIS sensors are presented, and their efficiency is estimated and compared. These decorrelation methods allow the pressure generated noise to be reduced by a factor of 2 during the active day time period. Finally, an analysis of SEIS signals induced by gravity waves demonstrates the interest of ground displacement measurements to characterize their arrival azimuth.
Inferring Subsurface Preferential Flow Features From a Wavelet Analysis of Hydrological Signals in the Shale Hills Catchment
Authors: Liu Hu , Yu Yang , Zhao Wenzhi , Guo Li , Liu Jintao , Yang Qiyue 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPreferential flow (PF)‐dominated soil structure is often considered a unique system consisting of micropores and macropores and thus supposed to provide dual‐pore filtering effects on hydrological signals, through which smoothing effects are likely to be stronger for matrix flow and weaker for PF via macropores. By using time series of hydrological signals (precipitation, canopy interception, throughfall, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, water storage in soil and groundwater, and catchment discharge) propagating through the Shale Hills Catchments and representative soil series, the filtering effects of the catchment and soil profiles were tested through the wavelet analysis. Typical filtering effects, that is, the characteristic of the role of soil and the groundwater table as a buffer, were observed from the wavelet spectrum, gradually smoothing off the precipitation signal. The hypothesized dual‐pore style filtering effects of the soil profile were also confirmed through the coherence spectra and phase differences, rendering them applicable for possible use as “fingerprints” of PF to infer subsurface flow features. We found that PF dominates the catchment's discharge response at the scales from 3 to 12 days, which contributes to the catchment discharge mainly as subsurface lateral flow at upper or middle soil horizons. Through subsurface PF pathways, even the hilltop is likely hydrologically connected to the valley floor, building connections with or making contributions to the catchment discharge. This study highlights the potential of wavelet analysis for retrieving and characterizing subsurface flow processes based on the revealed dual‐pore filtering effects of the soil system. Although some limitations and uncertainties still exist, we believe that wavelet methods provide a highly potential but underexplored approach to studying subsurface hydrology.
Interferon and anti-TNF therapies differentially modulate amygdala reactivity which predicts associated bidirectional changes in depressive symptoms
Authors: Davies Kevin A. , Cooper Ella , Voon Valerie , Tibble Jeremy , Cercignani Mara , Harrison Neil A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA third of patients receiving Interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment for Hepatitis-C develop major depressive disorder (MDD). Conversely, anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) therapies improve depression providing key empirical support for the “inflammatory theory” of depression. Heightened amygdala reactivity (particularly to negatively valanced stimuli) is a consistent finding within MDD; can predict treatment efficacy and reverses following successful treatment. However, whether IFN-α and anti-TNF enhance/attenuate depressive symptoms through modulation of amygdala emotional reactivity is unknown. Utilizing a prospective study design, we recruited 30 patients (mean 48.0 ± 10.5 years, 21 male) initiating IFN-α treatment for Hepatitis-C and 30 (mean 50.4 ± 15.7 years, 10 male) anti-TNF therapy for inflammatory arthritis. All completed an emotional face-processing task during fMRI and blood sampling before and after their first IFN-α (4-h) or anti-TNF (24-h) injection and follow-up psychiatric assessments for 3 months of treatment. IFN-α significantly increased depression symptoms (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale HAM-D) at 4 weeks (p < 0.001) but not 4-h after first dose (p > 0.1). Conversely, anti-TNF significantly improved depressive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale HADS) at both 24-h (P = 0.015) and 12 weeks (p = 0.018). In support of our a-priori hypothesis, both IFN-α and anti-TNF significantly modulated amygdala reactivity with IFN-α acutelyenhancingright amygdala responses to sad (compared with neutral) faces (p = 0.032) and anti-TNF converselydecreasingright amygdala reactivity (across emotional valence) (p = 0.033). Furthermore, these changes predicted IFN-induced increases in HAM-D 4 weeks later (R2 = 0.17,p = 0.022) and anti-TNF-associated decreases in HADS at 24-h (R2 = 0.23,p = 0.01) suggesting that actions of systemic inflammation on amygdala emotional reactivity play a mechanistic role in inflammation-associated depressive symptoms.
Revisiting the role of CD4+ T cells in cancer immunotherapy—new insights into old paradigms
Authors: Tay Rong En , Richardson Emma K. , Toh Han Chong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has revolutionised cancer treatment, with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) increasingly becoming standard of care across a growing number of cancer indications. While the majority of cancer immunotherapies focus on harnessing the anti-tumour CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response, the potential role of CD4+ ‘helper’ T cells has largely remained in the background. In this review, we give an overview of the multifaceted role of CD4+ T cells in the anti-tumour immune response, with an emphasis on recent evidence that CD4+ T cells play a bigger role than previously thought. We illustrate their direct anti-tumour potency and their role in directing a sustained immune response against tumours. We further highlight the emerging observation that CD4+ T cell responses against tumours tend to be against self-derived epitopes. These recent trends raise vital questions and considerations that will profoundly affect the rational design of immunotherapies to leverage on the full potential of the immune system against cancer.
Kinesin light chain 4 as a new target for lung cancer chemoresistance via targeted inhibition of checkpoint kinases in the DNA repair network
Authors: Baek Jeong-Hwa , Yun Hong Shik , Kim Ju-Young , Lee Janet , Lee Yeon-Joo , Lee Chang-Woo , Song Jie-Young , Ahn Jiyeon , Park Jong Kuk , Kim Jae-Sung , Lee Kee-Ho , Kim Eun Ho , Hwang Sang-Gu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe poor therapeutic efficacy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is partly attributed to the acquisition of chemoresistance. To investigate the mechanism underlying this resistance, we examined the potential link between kinesin light chain 4 (KLC4), which we have previously reported to be associated with radioresistance in NSCLC, and sensitivity to chemotherapy in human lung cancer cell lines. KLC4 protein levels in lung cancer cells correlated with the degree of chemoresistance to cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, KLC4 silencing enhanced the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin by promoting DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis. These effects were mediated by interaction with the checkpoint kinase CHK2, as KLC4 knockdown increased CHK2 activation, which was further enhanced in combination with cisplatin treatment. In addition, KLC4 and CHEK2 expression levels showed negative correlation in lung tumor samples from patients, and KLC4 overexpression correlated negatively with survival. Our results indicate a novel link between the KLC4 and CHK2 pathways regulating DNA damage response in chemoresistance, and highlight KLC4 as a candidate for developing lung cancer-specific drugs and customized targeted molecular therapy.
APN-mediated phosphorylation of BCKDK promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis and proliferation via the ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Zhai Mengying , Yang Zixia , Zhang Chenrui , Li Jinping , Jia Jing , Zhou Lingyi , Lu Rong , Yao Zhi , Fu Zheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent human malignancies worldwide and has high morbidity and mortality. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC recurrence and metastasis is critical to identify new therapeutic targets. This study aimed to determine the roles of aminopeptidase N (APN, also known as CD13) in HCC proliferation and metastasis and its underlying mechanisms. We detected APN expression in clinical samples and HCC cell lines using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and enzyme activity assays. The effects of APN on HCC metastasis and proliferation were verified in both in vitro and in vivo models. RNA-seq, phosphoproteomic, western blot, point mutation, co-immunoprecipitation, and proximity ligation assays were performed to reveal the potential mechanisms. We found that APN was frequently upregulated in HCC tumor tissues and high-metastatic cell lines. Knockout of APN inhibited HCC cell metastasis and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Functional studies suggested that a loss of APN impedes the ERK signaling pathway in HCC cells. Mechanistically, we found that APN might mediate the phosphorylation at serine 31 of BCKDK (BCKDKS31), promote BCKDK interacting with ERK1/2 and phosphorylating it, thereby activating the ERK signaling pathway in HCC cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that APN mediates the phosphorylation of BCKDKS31 and activates its downstream pathway to promote HCC proliferation and metastasis. Therefore, the APN/BCKDK/ERK axis may serve as a new therapeutic target for HCC therapy, and these findings may be helpful to identify new biomarkers in HCC progression.
Streamlined human antibody generation and optimization by exploiting designed immunoglobulin loci in a B cell line
Authors: Seo Hidetaka , Masuda Hitomi , Asagoshi Kenjiro , Uchiki Tomoaki , Kawata Shigehisa , Sasaki Goh , Yabuki Takashi , Miyai Shunsuke , Takahashi Naoki , Hashimoto Shu-ichi , Sawada Atsushi , Takaiwa Aki , Koyama Chika , Tamai Kanako , Kurosawa Kohei , Lin Ke-Yi , Ohta Kunihiro , Nakazaki Yukoh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are widely utilized as therapeutic drugs for various diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. Using the avian-derived B cell line DT40, we previously developed an antibody display technology, namely, the ADLib system, which rapidly generates antigen-specific mAbs. Here, we report the development of a human version of the ADLib system and showcase the streamlined generation and optimization of functional human mAbs. Tailored libraries were first constructed by replacing endogenous immunoglobulin genes with designed human counterparts. From these libraries, clones producing full-length human IgGs against distinct antigens can be isolated, as exemplified by the selection of antagonistic mAbs. Taking advantage of avian biology, effective affinity maturation was achieved in a straightforward manner by seamless diversification of the parental clones into secondary libraries followed by single-cell sorting, quickly affording mAbs with improved affinities and functionalities. Collectively, we demonstrate that the human ADLib system could serve as an integrative platform with unique diversity for rapid de novo generation and optimization of therapeutic or diagnostic antibody leads. Furthermore, our results suggest that libraries can be constructed by introducing exogenous genes into DT40 cells, indicating that the ADLib system has the potential to be applied for the rapid and effective directed evolution and optimization of proteins in various fields beyond biomedicine.
Guidelines for the Li–Fraumeni and heritable TP53-related cancer syndromes
Authors:   The European Reference Network GENTURIS, Frebourg Thierry , Bajalica Lagercrantz Svetlana , Oliveira Carla , Magenheim Rita , Evans D. Gareth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFifty years after the recognition of the Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), our perception of cancers related to germline alterations of TP53 has drastically changed: (i) germline TP53 alterations are often identified among children with cancers, in particular soft-tissue sarcomas, adrenocortical carcinomas, central nervous system tumours, or among adult females with early breast cancers, without familial history. This justifies the expansion of the LFS concept to a wider cancer predisposition syndrome designated heritable TP53-related cancer (hTP53rc) syndrome; (ii) the interpretation of germline TP53 variants remains challenging and should integrate epidemiological, phenotypical, bioinformatics prediction, and functional data; (iii) the penetrance of germline disease-causing TP53 variants is variable, depending both on the type of variant (dominant-negative variants being associated with a higher cancer risk) and on modifying factors; (iv) whole-body MRI (WBMRI) allows early detection of tumours in variant carriers and (v) in cancer patients with germline disease-causing TP53 variants, radiotherapy, and conventional genotoxic chemotherapy contribute to the development of subsequent primary tumours. It is critical to perform TP53 testing before the initiation of treatment in order to avoid in carriers, if possible, radiotherapy and genotoxic chemotherapies. In children, the recommendations are to perform clinical examination and abdominal ultrasound every 6 months, annual WBMRI and brain MRI from the first year of life, if the TP53 variant is known to be associated with childhood cancers. In adults, the surveillance should include every year clinical examination, WBMRI, breast MRI in females from 20 until 65 years and brain MRI until 50 years.
Recent introgression between Taiga Bean Goose and Tundra Bean Goose results in a largely homogeneous landscape of genetic differentiation
Authors: Ottenburghs Jente , Honka Johanna , Müskens Gerard J. D. M. , Ellegren Hans 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeveral studies have uncovered a highly heterogeneous landscape of genetic differentiation across the genomes of closely related species. Specifically, genetic differentiation is often concentrated in particular genomic regions (“islands of differentiation”) that might contain barrier loci contributing to reproductive isolation, whereas the rest of the genome is homogenized by introgression. Alternatively, linked selection can produce differentiation islands in allopatry without introgression. We explored the influence of introgression on the landscape of genetic differentiation in two hybridizing goose taxa: the Taiga Bean Goose (Anser fabalis) and the Tundra Bean Goose (A. serrirostris). We re-sequenced the whole genomes of 18 individuals (9 of each taxon) and, using a combination of population genomic summary statistics and demographic modeling, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of these birds. Next, we quantified the impact of introgression on the build-up and maintenance of genetic differentiation. We found evidence for a scenario of allopatric divergence (about 2.5 million years ago) followed by recent secondary contact (about 60,000 years ago). Subsequent introgression events led to high levels of gene flow, mainly from the Tundra Bean Goose into the Taiga Bean Goose. This scenario resulted in a largely undifferentiated genomic landscape (genome-wideFST = 0.033) with a few notable differentiation peaks that were scattered across chromosomes. The summary statistics indicated that some peaks might contain barrier loci while others arose in allopatry through linked selection. Finally, based on the low genetic differentiation, considerable morphological variation and incomplete reproductive isolation, we argue that the Taiga and the Tundra Bean Goose should be treated as subspecies.