bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel Polysulfone/Iron‐Nickel oxide nanocomposite membrane for removal of heavy metal and protein from water
Authors: Raviya Mayur R. , Gauswami Maulik V. , Raval Hiren D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMaking a nanocomposite membrane is an effective way of producing membranes with desired functionality, better permeance. In this work, virgin polysulfone ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and nanocomposite membranes with different concentrations ranging from 100 to 2,000 mg/L iron–nickel oxide in polysulfone matrix were prepared by phase inversion method. The performances of prepared membranes were evaluated by pure water permeance testing, protein rejection, and lead rejection. Up to 99.66% removal of lead was achieved by nanocomposite membrane. The structure and property of membranes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and zeta potential analysis. The nanocomposite membranes showed higher water permeance as compared to virgin ultrafiltration membrane. The membrane with 750 mg/L concentration of iron–nickel oxide nanoparticle demonstrated the increase in water flux by 117.85% as compared to the virgin ultrafiltration membrane. Higher albumin rejection and lead rejection were achieved by nanocomposite membrane as compared to polysulfone membrane. Leaching study of nanomaterial in water was undertaken, and it was found the leaching of nanomaterial was minimal. Increase in surface roughness, increase in number of pores with decrease in pore size, led to improvement in ultrafiltration performance by increased selectivity and permeance of the membrane. © 2020 Water Environment FederationPractitioner points

The nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane with iron–nickel oxide nanomaterial.

Upto 117.85% increase in pure water permeance as compared to virgin membrane.

Upto 99.66% lead rejection and upto 96.8% albumin rejection from aqueous solution.

Little or no leaching of nanomaterials in water.

Increased selectivity and productivity of membrane.
NIR light‐triggered nanomaterials‐based prodrug activation towards cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Fengrong , Wu Qingyuan , Liu Huiyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNanomaterials‐based prodrug activation systems have been widely explored in cancer therapy, aiming at overcoming limited dosage formulation, systemic toxicity, and insufficient pharmacokinetic performance of parent drugs. For better delivery control, various stimuli systems, especially nanomaterials‐based ones, have come to the forefront. Among them, near‐infrared (NIR) light takes advantage of on‐demand/site‐specific regulation and non‐invasiveness. In this review, we will address the developments of nanomaterials‐based prodrug over the last decade, the activation mechanisms, and bioapplications under NIR light triggering. The advantages and limitations of NIR‐triggered prodrug activation strategies and the perspectives of the next‐generation prodrug nanomedicine will also be summarized.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Genomic Strategies Toward Identification of Novel Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Kessler Thorsten , Schunkert Heribert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and secondary damages of the myocardium in the form of ischemic heart disease remain major causes of death in Western countries. Beyond traditional risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes, a positive family history is known to increase risk. The genetic factors underlying this observation remained unknown for decades until genetic studies were able to identify multiple genomic loci contributing to the heritability of the trait. Knowledge of the affected genes and the resulting molecular and cellular mechanisms leads to improved understanding of the pathophysiology leading to coronary atherosclerosis. Major goals are also to improve prevention and therapy of coronary artery disease and its sequelae via improved risk prediction tools and pharmacological targets. In this chapter, we recapitulate recent major findings. We focus on established novel targets and discuss possible further targets which are currently explored in translational studies.
Pandemie- und Seuchengeschichte als Pflegegeschichte?
Authors: Nolte Karen 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag ist Teil des Forums COVID-19: Perspektiven in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften. In der aktuellen COVID-19-Pandemie wird die Bedeutung von professioneller Krankenpflege weithin anerkannt. In der deutschsprachigen und internationalen Forschung ist die Geschichte der Krankenpflege bei Pandemien und Epidemien weitgehend ungeschrieben. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Fragen und Ergebnisse in diesem Forschungsbereich und diskutiert das Potenzial einer pandemischen Krankenpflegegeschichte.
Melanism, body size, and sex ratio in snakes—new data on the grass snake (Natrix natrix) and synthesis
Authors: Bury Stanisław , Mazgajski Tomasz D. , Najbar Bartłomiej , Zając Bartłomiej , Kurek Katarzyna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt is postulated that melanism in ectotherms is adaptive by enhancing thermoregulation, subsequent resource acquisition, and growth. Such effects may differ between the sexes as a result of the differential costs of self-maintenance and reproduction, but empirical support for the sex-specific consequences of melanism remains inconsistent. We studied the effects of melanism on body size and sex ratio in a population of the European grass snake (Natrix natrix) in SE Poland and also carried out a systematic review of the literature on the consequences of melanism in terrestrial snakes. Melanistic grass snakes of both sexes appeared to be smaller than the typical phenotype, which indicates higher predation pressure and minimal thermal benefits for black individuals. A female-biased sex ratio was observed in the typical phenotype, but not in melanistic snakes, suggesting that the costs for females and/or benefits for males are higher in melanistic individuals. In conjunction with earlier studies, our data indicate that the consequences of melanism may be related to the reproductive mode of species. In viviparous species, melanism tends to improve growth and/or body size and is more frequent in females, whereas the opposite holds for oviparous snakes. Further studies on melanism should examine a wider array of species with different reproductive strategies and traits beyond the usual thermal benefits.
Speed breeding short-day crops by LED-controlled light schemes
Authors: Jähne Felix , Hahn Volker , Würschum Tobias , Leiser Willmar L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Key message
A simple and rapid speed breeding system was developed for short-day crops that enables up to five generations per year using LED lighting systems that allow very specific adjustments regarding light intensity and quality.

Abstract
Plant breeding is a key element for future agricultural production that needs to cope with a growing human population and climate change. However, the process of developing suitable cultivars is time-consuming, not least because of the long generation times of crops. Recently, speed breeding has been introduced for long-day crops, but a similar protocol for short-day crops is lacking to date. In this study, we present a speed breeding protocol based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that allow to modify light quality, and exemplarily demonstrate its effectiveness for the short-day crops soybean (Glycine max), rice (Oryza sativa) and amaranth (Amaranthus spp.). Adjusting the photoperiod to 10 h and using a blue-light enriched, far-red-deprived light spectrum facilitated the growth of short and sturdy soybean plants that flowered ~ 23 days after sowing and matured within 77 days, thus allowing up to five generations per year. In rice and amaranth, flowering was achieved ~ 60 and ~ 35 days after sowing, respectively. Interestingly, the use of far-red light advanced flowering by 10 and 20 days in some amaranth and rice genotypes, respectively, but had no impact on flowering in soybeans, highlighting the importance of light quality for speed breeding protocols. Taken together, our short-day crops’ speed breeding protocol enables several generations per year using crop-specific LED-based lighting regimes, without the need of tissue culture tools such as embryo rescue. Moreover, this approach can be readily applied to a multi-storey 96-cell tray-based system to integrate speed breeding with genomics, toward a higher improvement rate in breeding.
Inverse design of microchannel fluid flow networks using Turing pattern dehomogenization
Authors: Dede Ercan M. , Zhou Yuqing , Nomura Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicrochannel reactors are critical in biological plus energy-related applications and require meticulous design of hundreds-to-thousands of fluid flow channels. Such systems commonly comprise intricate space-filling microstructures to control the fluid flow distribution for the reaction process. Traditional flow channel design schemes are intuition-based or utilize analytical rule-based optimization strategies that are oversimplified for large-scale domains of arbitrary geometry. Here, a gradient-based optimization method is proposed, where effective porous media and fluid velocity vector design information is exploited and linked to explicit microchannel parameterizations. Reaction-diffusion equations are then utilized to generate space-filling Turing pattern microchannel flow structures from the porous media field. With this computationally efficient and broadly applicable technique, precise control of fluid flow distribution is demonstrated across large numbers (on the order of hundreds) of microchannels.
The effects of tumor resection and adjuvant therapy on the peripheral blood immune cell profile in patients with colon carcinoma
Authors: Krijgsman Daniëlle , De Vries Natasja L. , Andersen Morten N. , Skovbo Anni , Tollenaar Rob A. E. M. , Bastiaannet Esther , Kuppen Peter J. K. , Hokland Marianne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe subset distribution and immunophenotype of circulating immune cells (“peripheral blood immune cell profile”) may reflect tumor development and response to cancer treatment. In order to use the peripheral blood immune cell profile as biomarker to monitor patients over time, it is crucial to know how immune cell subsets respond to therapeutic interventions. In this study, we investigated the effects of tumor resection and adjuvant therapy on the peripheral blood immune cell profile in patients with colon carcinoma (CC).MethodsThe subset distribution and immunophenotype of T cells (CD3+CD56−), CD56dimNK cells (CD3−CD56dim), CD56brightNK cells (CD3−CD56bright) and NKT-like cells (CD3+CD56+) were studied in preoperative and postoperative peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples of 24 patients with CC by multiparameter flow cytometry. Changes in immunophenotype of circulating immune cells after tumor resection were studied in patients treated with and without (capecitabine-based) adjuvant therapy.ResultsThe NKT-like cell (% of total PBMCs) and CD8+T cell (% of total T cells) populations expanded in the peripheral blood of non-adjuvant-treated CC patients after surgery. NK- and NKT-like cells showed upregulation of activating receptors and downregulation of inhibitory receptors in non-adjuvant-treated CC patients after surgery. These changes were not observed in the peripheral blood of adjuvant-treated CC patients.ConclusionsOur results suggest tumor-induced suppression of NK- and NKT-like cells in CC patients, an effect that could not be detected after tumor resection. In contrast, adjuvant therapy maintained tumor-induced immunosuppression of NK- and NKT-like cells in CC patients.
Informatikpionierleistungen aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum – Eine Schatzsuche!
Authors: Lehmann Axel , Lockemann Peter C. , Nehmer Jürgen 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Gesellschaft für Informatik ist 50 Jahre alt geworden – nur wenig jünger als die Informatikentwicklung in Deutschland. Sie hat daher diese Entwicklung in Lehre, Forschung und Praxis begleiten können. Und die konnte durchaus auch im Weltmaßstab mithalten, sie hat, auch wenn dies vielen nicht mehr bewusst ist, eigene bahnbrechende Leistungen hervorgebracht. Der Beitrag soll einige dieser Pionierleistungen ins Gedächtnis zurückrufen. Die Beispiele decken ein breites Spektrum ab: Entwicklung kompletter Rechensysteme mit Hardware und Software, Programmiertechniken, Theorie- und Methodenentwicklung, Informatikanwendungen. Letztlich soll der Beitrag dazu anregen, einer Suche nach weiteren derartigen „Schätzen“ nachzugehen. Dies ist eine Aufgabe, der sich derzeit auch die GI-Fellows widmen.
Imaging assessment of children presenting with suspected or known juvenile idiopathic arthritis: ESSR-ESPR points to consider
Authors: Hemke Robert , Herregods Nele , Jaremko Jacob L. , Åström Gunnar , Avenarius Derk , Becce Fabio , Bielecki Dennis K. , Boesen Mikael , Dalili Danoob , Giraudo Chiara , Hermann Kay-Geert , Humphries Paul , Isaac Amanda , Jurik Anne Grethe , Klauser Andrea S. , Kvist Ola , Laloo Frederiek , Maas Mario , Mester Adam , Oei Edwin , Offiah Amaka C. , Omoumi Patrick , Papakonstantinou Olympia , Plagou Athena , Shelmerdine Susan , Simoni Paolo , Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona , Tanturri de Horatio Laura , Teh James , Jans Lennart , Rosendahl Karen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common paediatric rheumatic disease. It represents a group of heterogenous inflammatory disorders with unknown origin and is a diagnosis of exclusion in which imaging plays an important role. JIA is defined as arthritis of one or more joints that begins before the age of 16 years, persists for more than 6 weeks and is of unknown aetiology and pathophysiology. The clinical goal is early suppression of inflammation to prevent irreversible joint damage which has shifted the emphasis from detecting established joint damage to proactively detecting inflammatory change. This drives the need for imaging techniques that are more sensitive than conventional radiography in the evaluation of inflammatory processes as well as early osteochondral change. Physical examination has limited reliability, even if performed by an experienced clinician, emphasising the importance of imaging to aid in clinical decision-making. On behalf of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) arthritis subcommittee and the European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) musculoskeletal imaging taskforce, based on literature review and/or expert opinion, we discuss paediatric-specific imaging characteristics of the most commonly involved, in literature best documented and clinically important joints in JIA, namely the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), spine, sacroiliac (SI) joints, wrists, hips and knees, followed by a clinically applicable point to consider for each joint. We will also touch upon controversies in the current literature that remain to be resolved with ongoing research.

Key Points
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic paediatric rheumatic disease and, in JIA imaging, is increasingly important to aid in clinical decision-making.
• Conventional radiographs have a lower sensitivity and specificity for detection of disease activity and early destructive change, as compared to MRI or ultrasound. Nonetheless, radiography remains important, particularly in narrowing the differential diagnosis and evaluating growth disturbances.
• Mainly in peripheral joints, ultrasound can be helpful for assessment of inflammation and guiding joint injections. In JIA, MRI is the most validated technique. MRI should be considered as the modality of choice to assess the axial skeleton or where the clinical presentation overlaps with JIA.
Clinical and genetic characterization of patients with Pierre Robin sequence and spinal disease: review of the literature and novel terminal 10q deletion
Authors: Yekula Anudeep , Grant Connor , Gupta Mihir , Santiago-Dieppa David R. , Duddleston Pate J. , Gonda David , Levy Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe Pierre-Robin sequence (PRS) is a pattern of congenital facial abnormalities comprising micrognathia, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction. Associated spinal pathologies have rarely been reported with PRS.MethodsWe explore the molecular genetic basis of this association through a systematic review of spinal disease in patients with PRS. We also present an illustrative case of a PRS patient with tethered cord in the setting of chromosome 10q terminal deletion.ResultsOur systematic literature review of spinal disease in patients with PRS revealed several patterns in the underlying genetic syndromes causing these conditions to co-occur. These principles are illustrated in the case of a 6-month-old female with PRS and a 14.34-Mb terminal deletion of chromosome 10q, who was found to have a sacral dimple during a routine outpatient checkup. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine revealed a lumbar syrinx associated with tethered spinal cord. Surgical de-tethering was undertaken, with subsequent improvement in motor function and decrease in the size of the syrinx. The deletion of chromosome 10q in our patient had not previously been described in association with tethered cord or PRS.ConclusionSpinal pathologies are understudied contributors to disease burden in patients with PRS. The range of predisposing syndromes and mutations in patients with both PRS and spinal disorders remains poorly characterized but may be more defined than previously conceived. Clinical screening is most critical during neonatal and adolescent developmental periods with continued neurological assessment. This study emphasizes the need for early genetic testing and counseling in this patient population, in parallel with research efforts to develop molecular classifications to guide clinical management.
Changes in gene expression patterns in postmortem human myocardial infarction
Authors: Wilmes Verena , Lux Constantin , Niess Constanze , Gradhand Elise , Verhoff Marcel A. , Kauferstein Silke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn murine models, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in myocardial infarction (MI) has been reported to be the result of tissue injury and inflammation. In the present study, mRNA expression of iNOS, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was investigated in postmortem human infarction hearts. Since HIF-1α is the inducible subunit of the transcription factor HIF-1, which regulates transcription of iNOS and VEGF, the interrelation between the three genes was observed, to examine the molecular processes during the emergence of MI. iNOS and VEGF mRNAs were found to be significantly upregulated in the affected regions of MI hearts in comparison to healthy controls. Upregulation of HIF-1α was also present but not significant. Correlation analysis of the three genes indicated a stronger and significant correlation between HIF-1α and iNOS mRNAs than between HIF-1α and VEGF. The results of the study revealed differences in the expression patterns of HIF-1 downstream targets. The stronger transcription of iNOS by HIF-1 in the affected regions of MI hearts may represent a pathological process, since no correlation of iNOS and HIF-1α mRNA was found in non-affected areas of MI hearts. Oxidative stress is considered to cause molecular changes in MI, leading to increased iNOS expression. Therefore, it may also represent a forensic marker for detection of early changes in heart tissue.
Realitätsnahe Bestimmung der Eisenverluste einer elektrischen Maschine mit Einzelzähnen
Authors: Rollbühler Christoph , Breining Patrick , Kolb Johannes , Doppelbauer Martin 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungAn elektrische Maschinen in elektrifizierten Automobilantrieben werden hohe technische Anforderungen gestellt. Zum einen werden Produktionsmethoden benötigt, welche die Herstellung großer Stückzahlen unter Einhaltung niedriger Kosten ermöglichen. Zum anderen wird eine hohe elektrische Reichweite gefordert, was einen elektrischen Antriebsstrang mit hoher Effizienz und gleichzeitig hoher Leistungsdichte voraussetzt. Grundlegend für die Entwicklung elektrischer Maschinen mit den genannten Eigenschaften sind detaillierte Verlustmodelle. Insbesondere die Modellierung der Ummagnetisierungsverluste, kurz Eisenverluste, im Stator und Rotor der Maschine ist dabei herausfordernd. Neben der Materialwahl und der Maschinengeometrie haben die Fertigungsprozesse einen nicht zu vernachlässigenden Einfluss auf die Verlustcharakteristik der Maschine. In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuer Ansatz zur Bestimmung der Eisenverluste eines einzelnen Statorzahns einer elektrischen Maschine unter Berücksichtigung realitätsnaher Flussbedingungen vorgestellt. Mit dem gezeigten Verfahren können Fertigungseinflüsse auf die Eisenverluste untersucht werden, wobei anwendungsspezifische Geometrie sowie magnetische Ausnutzung des Zahns beibehalten bleiben. Zunächst werden die magnetischen Zustände einer elektrischen Maschine mit Einzelzahnwicklung beschrieben. Nachfolgend wird der Einzelzahn-Prüfstand eingeführt und die Übertragung der relevanten magnetischen Größen der Maschine auf den Prüfstand vorgestellt. Die Bestimmung der Zahnverluste anhand von Messdaten wird gezeigt. Abschließend wird ein Vergleich von Simulation und Messung vorgenommen. Das vorgestellte Verfahren bietet die Möglichkeit, Eisenverlustmodelle an die zusätzlich auftretenden fertigungsbedingten Verluste anzupassen und die Unsicherheiten bei der Verlustmodellierung im Allgemeinen zu verringern.
Future distribution of invasive weed species across the major road network in the state of Montana, USA
Authors: Adhikari Arjun , Rew Lisa J. , Mainali Kumar P. , Adhikari Subodh , Maxwell Bruce D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInvasive plant species are a significant global problem, with the potential to alter structure and function of ecosystems and cause economic damage to managed landscapes. An effective course of action to reduce the spread of invasive plant species is to identify potential habitat incorporating changing climate scenarios. In this study, we used a suite of species distribution models (SDMs) to project habitat suitability of the eleven most abundant invasive weed species across road networks of Montana, USA, under current (2005) conditions and future (2040) projected climates. We found high agreement between different model predictions for most species. Among the environmental predictors, February minimum temperature, monthly precipitation, solar radiation, and December vapor pressure deficit accounted for the most variation in projecting habitat suitability for most of the invasive weed species. The model projected that habitat suitability along roadsides would expand for seven species ranging from + 5 to + 647% and decline for four species ranging from − 11 to − 88% under high representative concentration pathway (RCP 8.5) greenhouse gas (GHG) trajectory. When compared with current distribution, the ensemble model projected the highest expansion habitat suitability with six-fold increase for St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum), whereas habitat suitability of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) was reduced by − 88%. Our study highlights the roadside areas that are currently most invaded by our eleven target species across 55 counties of Montana, and how this will change with climate. We conclude that the projected range shift of invasive weeds challenges the status quo, and requires greater investment in detection and monitoring to prevent expansion. Though our study focuses across road networks of a specific region, we expect our approach will be globally applicable as the predictions reflect fundamental ecological processes.