bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient summary statistics for detecting lineage fusion from phylogeographic datasets
Authors: Garrick Ryan C. , Hyseni Chaz , Arantes Ísis C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimLineage fusion (merging of two or more populations of a species resulting in a single panmictic group) is a special case of secondary contact. It has the potential to counteract diversification and speciation, or to facilitate it through creation of novel genotypes. Understanding the prevalence of lineage fusion in nature requires reliable detection of it, such that efficient summary statistics are needed. Here, we report on simulations that characterized the initial intensity and subsequent decay of signatures of past fusion for 17 summary statistics applicable to DNA sequence haplotype data.LocationGlobal.TaxaDiploid out‐crossing species.MethodsWe considered a range of scenarios that could reveal the impacts of different combinations of read length versus number of loci (arrangement of DNA sequence data), and whether or not pre‐fusion populations experienced bottlenecks coinciding with their divergence (historical context of fusion). Post‐fusion gene pools were sampled along 10 successive time points representing increasing lag times following merging of sister populations, and summary statistic values were recalculated at each.ResultsMany summary statistics were able to detect signatures of complete merging of populations after a sampling lag time of 1.5 Ne generations, but the most informative ones included two neutrality tests and four diversity metrics, with ZnS (a linkage disequilibrium‐based neutrality test) being particularly powerful. Correlation was relatively low among the two neutrality tests and two of the diversity metrics. There were clear benefits of many short (200‐bp × 200) loci over a handful of long (4‐kb × 10) loci. Also, only the latter genetic dataset type showed impacts of bottlenecks during divergence upon the number of informative summary statistics.Main conclusionsThis work contributes to identifying cases of lineage fusion, and advances phylogeography by enabling more nuanced reconstructions of how individual species, or multiple members of an ecological community, responded to past environmental change.
Transgender and gender‐expansive youth: Assisting the nurse in providing culturally competent care for our clients and their families
Authors: Michels Susan , Kovar Cheryl L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTopicSociety's blue and pink concept of gender has been under a dramatic and controversial shift over the last 10 years. While the general population has been given some latitude in slowly coming to terms with this new understanding, health care providers, specifically nurses, have been under the microscope to demonstrate a perfect blend of competency and compassion when caring for clients who present outside the gender binary.PurposeTo clarify the areas of potential impact in the nurse's role and to discuss ways in which they can better equip themselves to promote effective communication and culturally competent care. Thus, we envision heightened empowerment for the nurse to take a more active role in decreasing risks for negative health outcomes such as psychological stress, depression, self‐harm, and suicidal ideation in our transgender and gender‐expansive youth.Sources UsedUtilizing PubMed, nationally recognized websites, and current textbooks/pamphlets, a literature review was conducted to ascertain pertinent information related to transgender, gender‐expansive youth, and nursing education. Included references were from 2012 to the present.ConclusionsNurses have a unique and dynamic opportunity to provide support and education for our transgender youth and their families, yet often play a minimal role due to inexperience or lack of resources.
Electroanatomic guidance versus conventional fluoroscopy during transseptal puncture for atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Troisi Federica , Quadrini Federico , Di Monaco Antonio , Vitulano Nicola , Caruso Rosa , Guida Pietro , Langialonga Tommaso , Grimaldi Massimo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionTechnological advancement in the setting of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation has decreased radiation exposure and complications associated with the procedure. Yet, transseptal puncture (TSP) remains a challenging step that necessitates accurate guidance. We describe our experience performing TSP under electroanatomic (EA) guidance.Methods and resultsThe analysis included 145 consecutive EA‐guided ablation procedures performed between June 2018 and April 2019 and 145 consecutive standard ablations performed before June 2018. EA guidance utilized the CARTO 3 three‐dimensional mapping system to reconstruct anatomic and electrical characteristics of the right atrium and fossa ovalis. Patients with a history of previous cardiac surgery were excluded. For EA‐guided procedures, the mean patient age was 60 ± 10 years, 75.2% were male, and 69.0% had paroxysmal AF. Similarly, the mean age for conventional procedures was 60 ± 11 years, 71.0% were male, and 71.7% had paroxysmal AF. The fossa ovalis was detected as a region of low voltage, <0.75 mV. EA guidance yielded shorter fluoroscopy times (EA vs. conventional, 3.6 ± 2.5 vs. 13.5 ± 10.5 min; p < .001) and a lower dose area product than conventional guidance (13 ± 11 Gy* cm2 vs. 28 ± 27  Gy* cm2; p < .001). The total procedure duration was similar between groups (146 ± 48 vs. 148 ± 54 min). There were no significant complications related to TSP.ConclusionDuring AF ablation, TSP with EA guidance facilitated safe access to the left atrium while reducing radiation risk to both patients and operators.
Evaluation of the QT interval in patients with drug‐induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes
Authors: Krisai Philipp , Vlachos Konstantinos , Ramirez F. Daniel , Nakatani Yosuke , Nakashima Takashi , Takagi Takamitsu , Kamakura Tsukasa , Surget Elodie , André Clémentine , Cheniti Ghassen , Welte Nicolas , Chauvel Rémi , Tixier Romain , Duchateau Josselin , Pambrun Thomas , Derval Nicolas , Hocini Mélèze , Jaïs Pierre , Haïssaguerre Michel , Sacher Frédéric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundData on the optimal location of the electrocardiogram (ECG) leads for the diagnosis of drug‐induced long QT syndrome (diLQTS) with torsades de pointes (TdP) are lacking.MethodsWe systematically reviewed the literature for the ECGs of patients with diLQTS and subsequent TdP. We assessed T wave morphology in each lead and measured the longest QT interval in the limb and chest leads in a standardized fashion.ResultsOf 84 patients, 61.9% were female and the mean age was 58.8 years. QTc was significantly longer in chest versus limb leads (mean (SD) 671 (102) vs. 655 (97) ms, p = .02). Using only limb leads for QT interpretation, 18 (21.4%) ECGs were noninterpretable: 10 (11.9%) due to too flat T waves, 7 (8.3%) due to frequent, early PVCs and 1 (1.2%) due to too low ECG recording quality. In the chest leads, ECGs were noninterpretable in nine (10.7%) patients: six (7.1%) due to frequent, early PVCs, one (1.2%) due to insufficient ECG quality, two (2.4%) due to missing chest leads but none due to too flat T waves. The most common T wave morphologies in the limb leads were flat (51.0%), broad (14.3%), and late peaking (12.6%) T waves. Corresponding chest lead morphologies were inverted (35.5%), flat (19.6%), and biphasic (15.2%) T waves.ConclusionsOur results indicate that QT evaluation by limb leads only underestimates the incidence of diLQTS experiencing TdP and favors the screening using both limb and chest lead ECG.
Characteristics of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and their susceptibility to antitachycardia pacing termination in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy: A patient‐level meta‐analysis of three large clinical trials
Authors: Cheng Alan , Joung Boyoung , Brown Mark L. , Koehler Jodi , Lexcen Daniel R. , Sanders Prashanthan , Ellenbogen Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundImplantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) reduce all‐cause mortality among cardiomyopathy patients. Whether or not antitachycardia pacing (ATP) is equally effective in ischemic (ICM) and nonischemic (NICM) cardiomyopathy patients remains poorly understood. We describe the distribution of monomorphic (MVT) and non‐monomorphic (polymorphic ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation [PVT/VF]) ventricular tachyarrhythmias among ICM and NICM primary prevention patients.MethodsThis patient‐level meta‐analysis included primary prevention patients from the Shock‐Less (n = 3519), PainFree SST (n = 1917), and PREPARE (n = 690) studies. Distribution of MVT and PVT/VF events were compared with χ2 tests. ATP success was estimated using a generalized estimating equation model to correct for multiple episodes for a patient between cohorts for slow (≥320 ms) and fast (240–310 ms) MVTs.ResultsAmong 6126 patients, 714 (29% NICM, age 66 ± 13 years, female 18%, EF = 29 ± 12%) had a total of 4444 treated ventricular tachyarrhythmia episodes. The rate of individuals treated for MVT or PVT/VF was comparable between ICM (11.9%) and NICM (11.2%) over 21 ± 10 months. In addition, the distribution of MVT (76% ICM vs. 71% NICM) and PVT/VF (15% ICM vs. 20% NICM) was not significantly different (p = .28). Among MVT episodes, the average tachycardia cycle lengths (332 ± 58 ms ICM vs. 313 ± 40 ms NICM; p = .27) were similar, as was the likelihood of ATP‐associated termination (74.6% ICM vs. 76.4% NICM; p = .58). Overall, ATP success was higher for slow (≥320 ms) MVT versus faster (240–310 ms) episodes (84.1% vs. 69%; p < .001).ConclusionIn a large cohort of primary prevention ICD patients, ICM and NICM patients have similar rates and proportions of MVT and PVT/VF episodes. ATP‐associated termination of MVT was comparable between the two groups.
Glucosamine protects against radiation‐induced lung injury via inhibition of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Lei Xiao , Ma Na , Liang Yanjie , Liu Junyan , Zhang Pei , Han Yanan , Chen Wei , Du Lehui , Qu Baolin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRadiotherapy is one of the most important treatments for chest tumours. Although there are plenty of strategies to prevent damage to normal lung tissues, it cannot be avoided with the emergence of radiation‐induced lung injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential radioprotective effects of glucosamine, which exerted anti‐inflammatory activity in joint inflammation. In this study, we found glucosamine relieved inflammatory response and structural damages in lung tissues after radiation via HE staining. Then, we detected the level of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition marker in vitro and in vivo, which we could clearly observe that glucosamine treatment inhibited epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Besides, we found glucosamine could inhibit apoptosis and promote proliferation of normal lung epithelial cells in vitro caused by radiation. In conclusion, our data showed that glucosamine alleviated radiation‐induced lung injury via inhibiting epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, which indicated glucosamine could be a novel potential radioprotector for radiation‐induced lung injury.
Prevalence, intensity and histopathology of Zeylanicobdella arugamensis infestation on groupers reared on different aquaculture systems
Authors: Mahasri Gunanti , Hafidloh Umi , Pratama Fungky P. , Rahmawan Dicky , Subekti Sri , Wulansari Putri D. , Amin Muhamad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe marine leech, Zeylanicobdella arugamensis, is a major threat to aquaculture in grouper‐producing countries including Indonesia. This study aimed at investigating prevalence, intensity and histopathology of the ectoparasite in humpback and hybrid groupers cultured in different rearing systems. A total of 260 groupers (60 humpback groupers and 200 hybrid groupers) were used for samples. The marine leech was observed on skin, fins, gills and mouth, followed by histopathological assay on the skin tissue. The results showed that prevalence of the leech in both groupers was higher when they were cultured in the floating net cages compared with the hatchery, p < .05. Furthermore, humpback grouper had a higher prevalence than hybrid grouper when they were cultured in a similar system, p < .05. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in intensity between the two groupers, p > .05. Within the hybrid groupers, the highest prevalence was obtained from hybrid groupers reared in the earthen ponds. Histopathological studies showed that the infected groupers exhibited inflammation, congestion and erosion of the epidermis layer. Hybrid grouper had more severe histopathological lesions in the skin tissues. These results suggested that species and type of aquaculture system had significantly determined the prevalence, intensity and severity of lesion in Z. arugamensis infestation.
The Longitudinal Effects of Caregiver Grief in Dementia and the Modifying Effects of Social Services: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liew Tau Ming , Tai Bee Choo , Wee Shiou Liang , Koh Gerald Choon‐Huat , Yap Philip 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUNDCaregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) can experience loss and grief long before the death of the PWD, with such caregiver grief postulated to affect the well‐being of the PWD‐caregiver dyads. However, the longitudinal effects of caregiver grief and the moderating effects of social services are not yet clear.OBJECTIVESWe investigated the longitudinal effects of caregiver grief on caregiver depression, caregivers' quality of life (QoL), and caregivers' perceived positive aspects of caregiving (PAC); and examined potential effect modification of social service utilization (dementia care services, caregiver programs, and paid caregivers).DESIGN AND SETTINGA prospective cohort study with three time points of assessments (at 0, 6, and 12 months).PARTICIPANTSFamily caregivers of community‐dwelling PWD (n = 178).MEASUREMENTSAt time point 1 (baseline), participants completed questionnaires that captured caregiver grief, burden, and social service utilization. Outcomes that were captured over time were: depression (time points 1–3), QoL (time point 2), and PAC (time point 3). Caregiver grief as well as interaction terms with social service utilization were included in Tobit regression to examine the association with outcomes.RESULTSAfter accounting for the effect of caregiver burden, caregiver grief remained associated with depressive symptoms (P < .001) and poorer QoL (P < .001). However, compared with burden, grief contributed to larger magnitudes of the adverse effects. Grief, not burden, was associated with less PAC (P = .006 and P = .746, respectively). In contrast, burden, not grief, was associated with poorer physical health (P = .010 and P = .110, respectively). Dementia care services attenuated the effect of burden but not grief; caregiver programs did not affect burden but appeared to aggravate the effect of grief; and paid caregivers attenuated the effect of burden, and partially attenuated the effect of grief.CONCLUSIONCaregiver grief has an impact on dementia caregivers, likely through a distinct mechanism from that of caregiver burden. However, prevailing social services may not be sufficient to address grief, highlighting the need to further train care workers in this respect. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2348–2353, 2020.
Data representativeness in LCA: A framework for the systematic assessment of data quality relative to technology characteristics
Authors: Henriksen Trine , Astrup Thomas F. , Damgaard Anders 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA shortcoming in current data quality assessment schemes is that the data quality information is not used systematically to identify the critical data in a life cycle inventory (LCI) model. In addition, existing criteria employed to evaluate representativeness lack relevance to the specific context of a study. A novel framework is proposed herein for the evaluation of the representativeness of LCI data, including an analysis of the importance of the data and a modification of quality criteria based on unit process characteristics. Temporal characteristics are analyzed by identifying the technology shift, because data generated before this time are considered outdated. Geographical and technological characteristics are analyzed by defining a “related area” and a “related technology,” which is done by identifying a number of relevant geographical and technical factors, and then comparing the collected data with these factors. The framework was illustrated in a case study on household waste incineration in Denmark. The results demonstrated the applicability of the method in practice, and they provided data quality criteria unique to waste incineration unit processes, for example, different time intervals to evaluate temporal representativeness. However, the proposed method is time demanding, and thus sector‐level characteristic analyses are feasible instead of the user having to do the analyses.
Living on the edge: the role of Atgolgin‐84A at the plant ER–Golgi interface
Authors: VIEIRA V. , PAIN C. , WOJCIK S. , SPATOLA ROSSI T. , DENECKE J. , OSTERRIEDER A. , HAWES C. , KRIECHBAUMER V. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe plant Golgi apparatus is responsible for the processing of proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their distribution to multiple destinations within the cell. Golgi matrix components, such as golgins, have been identified and suggested to function as putative tethering factors to mediate the physical connections between Golgi bodies and the ER network. Golgins are proteins anchored to the Golgi membrane by the C‐terminus either through transmembrane domains or interaction with small regulatory GTPases. The golgin N‐terminus contains long coiled‐coil domains, which consist of a number of α‐helices wrapped around each other to form a structure similar to a rope being made from several strands, reaching into the cytoplasm. In animal cells, golgins are also implicated in specific recognition of cargo at the Golgi.Here, we investigate the plant golgin Atgolgin‐84A for its subcellular localization and potential role as a tethering factor at the ER–Golgi interface. For this, fluorescent fusions of Atgolgin‐84A and an Atgolgin‐84A truncation lacking the coiled‐coil domains (Atgolgin‐84AΔ1‐557) were transiently expressed in tobacco leaf epidermal cells and imaged using high‐resolution confocal microscopy. We show that Atgolgin‐84A localizes to a pre‐cis‐Golgi compartment that is also labelled by one of the COPII proteins as well as by the tether protein AtCASP. Upon overexpression of Atgolgin‐84A or its deletion mutant, transport between the ER and Golgi bodies is impaired and cargo proteins are redirected to the vacuole.Lay DescriptionThe Golgi apparatus is a specialised compartment found in mammalian and plant cells. It is the post office of the cell and packages proteins into small membrane boxes for transport to their destination in the cell. The plant Golgi apparatus consist of many separate Golgi bodies and is responsible for the processing of proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their distribution to multiple destinations within the cell.Specialised proteins called golgins have been suggested to tether Golgi bodies and the ER. Here we investigate the plant golgin Atgolgin‐84A for its exact within the Golgi body and its potential role as a tethering factor at the ER‐Golgi interface.For this, we have fused Atgolgin‐84A with a fluorescent protein from jellyfish and we are producing this combination in tobacco leaf cells. This allows us to see the protein using laser microscopy. We show that Atgolgin‐84A localises to a compartment between the ER and Golgi that is also labelled by the tether protein AtCASP. When Atgolgin‐84A is produced in high amounts in the cell, transport between the ER and Golgi bodies is inhibited and proteins are redirected to the vacuole.
Cannabis packaging: An opportunity for facilitating informed decisions
Authors: Al‐Hamdani Mohammed , Joyce Kayla M. , Park Tristan , Cowie Megan E. , Stewart Sherry H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolicy surrounding cannabis legalization is gaining popularity. Legalization must be prescriptive to protect public health. Current Canadian legislative frameworks do not include clear regulations for cannabis package labeling. Regulating cannabis package colors, descriptors, and other brand imagery, as well as using health warnings, are crucial to control cannabis consumption levels. Based on an assessment of the harms linked to cannabis use, an evaluation of existing cannabis and tobacco legislations with respect to packaging labeling, and an extraction of examples from the tobacco labeling literature, this commentary highlights the need for further cannabis legislation in Canada and provides recommendations for cannabis labeling policy.
Riding an elephant: A qualitative study of nurses' moral journeys in the context of Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD)
Authors: Pesut Barbara , Thorne Sally , Storch Janet , Chambaere Kenneth , Greig Madeleine , Burgess Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describes nurses' moral experiences with Medical Assistance in Dying in the Canadian context.BackgroundNurses perform important roles in Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada and do so within a unique context in which Medical Assistance in Dying is provided through healthcare services and where accessibility is an important principle. International literature indicates that participating in Medical Assistance in Dying can be deeply impactful for nurses and requires a high degree of moral sense‐making.DesignA qualitative interview study guided by Interpretive Description using the COREQ checklist.ResultsFifty‐nine nurses from across Canada participated in the study. The decision to participate in Medical Assistance in Dying was influenced by family and community, professional experience and nurses' proximity to the act of Medical Assistance in Dying. Nurses described a range of deep and sometimes conflicting emotional reactions provoked by Medical Assistance in Dying. Nurses used a number of moral waypoints to make sense of their decision including patient choice, control and certainty; an understanding that it was not about the nurse; a commitment to staying with patients through suffering; consideration of moral consistency; issues related to the afterlife; and the peace and gratitude demonstrated by patients and families.DiscussionThe depth of nurses' intuitional moral responses and their need to make sense of these responses are consistent with Haidt's theory of moral experience in which individuals use reasoning primarily to explain their moral intuition and in which moral change occurs primarily through compassionate social interaction. Further, work on the moral identity of nursing provides robust explanation of how nurses' moral decisions are contextually and relationally mediated and how they seek to guard patient vulnerability, even at their own emotional cost.ConclusionMedical Assistance in Dying is impactful for nurses, and for some, it requires intensive and ongoing moral sense‐making.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a need to provide support for nurses' moral deliberation and emotional well‐being in the context of Medical Assistance in Dying care.