bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation is implicated in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress associated with ApoE4
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Li Boyang , Solomon Victoria , Fonteh Alfred , Rapoport Stanley I. , Bennett David A. , Arvanitakis Zoe , Chui Helena C. , Miller Carol A. , Sullivan Patrick M. , Yassine Hussein 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is associated with a greater response to neuroinflammation and risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD), but the mechanisms for this association are not clear. Activation of calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is involved in inflammatory signaling and is elevated within plaques of the AD brain. The relation between APOE4 genotype and cPLA2 activity is not known.
Methods
Mouse primary astrocytes, mouse and human brain samples differing by APOE genotypes were collected for measuring cPLA2 expression, phosphorylation and activity in relation to measures of inflammation and oxidative stress.
Results
Greater cPLA2 phosphorylation and activity were identified in ApoE4 compared to ApoE3 in primary astrocytes and brains of ApoE-targeted replacement (ApoE-TR) mice. These differences were also demonstrated in brain homogenates from the inferior frontal cortex from AD patients carrying APOE3/4 compared to APOE3/3. Higher cPLA2 activation with APOE4 was associated with greater activation of the MAPK p38 pathway, as well as with higher levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Inhibition of cPLA2 reduced LTB4, ROS and iNOS levels in ApoE4 primary astrocytes to those of ApoE3 astrocytes.
Conclusions
Our findings implicate greater activation of cPLA2 signaling system with APOE4, that could represent a potential drug target for mitigating the increased neuroinflammation with APOE4 and AD.
Real-time in Situ Navigation System with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Zhaorui , Yang Xiaowei , Liu Peng , Han Chunguang , Pan Yubo , Pei Jing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The naked-eye invisibility of indocyanine green fluorescence limits the application of near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIR) systems for real-time navigation during sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with breast cancer undergoing surgery. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a novel NIR system in visualizing indocyanine green fluorescence images in the surgical field and the application value of combined methylene blue (MB) and the novel NIR system in SLNB.Methods: Sixty patients with clinical node-negative breast cancer received indocyanine green (ICG) and MB as tracers. Two NIR system instruments, namely, lymphatic fluorescence imaging system (LFIS) designed by the University of Science and Technology of China and vascular imager by Langfang Mingde Medical Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Langfang vascular imager), were used as navigation assistance to locate sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Excising the lymph nodes developed by both MB and ICG by two NIR systems or palpably suspicious as SLNs and undergoing rapid pathological examination.Results: Both instruments exhibited 95% (57/60) success for real-time lymphatic fluorescent images. A total of 186 SLNs were identified, of which two were pathologically confirmed as lacking any lymph node tissue. SLN identification rate was 100% (184/184) for MB plus LFIS and 86.96% (160/184) for MB alone. The median number of SLNs identified by LFIS combined with MB was 3 (range of 1–8), which was significantly higher than that by MB alone at 2 (range 1–7) (P<0.05).Conclusion: LFIS effectively detects SLNs in breast cancer, projects the fluorescence signals during surgery, and provides a continuous surgical navigation system without the need for a remote monitor. The ICG method navigated by combined LFIS and MB may be a promising alternative tracer for radioisotope in SLN mapping.
Comparison and Interpretation of Characteristics of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities in Three Blueberry Varieties: The Benefits to Blueberry Production
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Wei , Shen Zhangjun , Wang Jingjing , Chen Yajun , Wang Dong , Liu Gang , Han Maozhen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Rhizosphere microbiota play a critical role in biogeochemical cycles and carry out various vital functions in plant production. Studies on the rhizosphere microbiome of various plants proved that rhizosphere microbiota can regulate the growth and improve the yield of plants. However, the rhizosphere microbiome of commercial blueberry remains elusive. Hence, the characteristics of rhizosphere microbial communities of blueberry should be compared and interpreted for improving production. Methods: We collected 15 rhizosphere soil samples of three different blueberry varieties and five bulk soil samples to profile the composition of blueberry microbial communities by high-throughput sequencing. Results: Our results demonstrated significant differences in both alpha diversity and beta diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities of different blueberry varieties and bulk soil. We found that the distribution patterns of taxonomical, functional, and phenotypic composition of rhizosphere microbiome differ across the blueberry varieties. The rhizosphere microbial communities of three different blueberry varieties could be distinctly separated and 28 discriminative biomarkers were selected to distinguish these three blueberry varieties. Core rhizosphere microbiota for blueberry was identified, and it contained 201 OTUs, which were mainly affiliated with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria. Moreover, we explored the interactions between OTUs of blueberry rhizosphere microbial communities by constructing the co-occurrence network of OTUs from an ecological perspective. Conclusions: This pilot study explored the characteristics of blueberry’s rhizosphere microbial community, such as the beneficial microorganisms, and provided an integrative perspective on blueberry’s rhizosphere microbiome, which was beneficial to blueberry health and production.
Facile investigation of reversible nanostructure changes in flexible crystals
Authors: Hayashi Shotaro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Detailed investigation of macroscopic deformation and nanoscopic structural changes in flexible organic crystals pose challenges for investigators. Herein, applied stress and subsequent relaxation of elastic organic crystals resulted in reversible macroscopic crystal deformation. X-ray diffraction with a curved jig revealed reversible nanoscopic structural changes in the crystal structure under the bending stress and relaxation. The crystal lattice changed quantitatively under the applied macroscopic stress-strain (%). This method enables quantitative monitoring of the dynamic nanoscopic structural changes in detail associated with crystal deformation through the use of standard laboratory X-ray diffraction analysis. Importantly, the developed method offers a way of quantitatively measuring reversible structural changes, without synchrotron X-ray analysis. Moreover, the analysis derives Poisson’s ratio, i.e., the ratio of the change in the width per unit width of materials. It is important in materials science, normally has a positive value in the range of 0.2–0.5. However, the crystals show not only the "Poisson effect" but also the unusual "negative Poisson effect". This novel approach for investigation generates unprecedented opportunities for understanding dynamic nanostructure changes in flexible organic crystals.
A Comparative Survival Study between Familial and Sporadic Breast Cancer in Iranian Women
Authors: Kashi Amir Shahram Yousefi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in Iranian women, with 13400 new cases annually. A few studies have reported that BC patients with a positive familial history had different prognoses and outcomes.Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare survival between familial breast cancer (FBC) patients and sporadic breast cancer (SBC) patients in Iranian women.Methods: In a longitudinal study, 1710 patients with complete medical records from the Cancer Research Center, database were extracted and divided into two groups: the FBC group (n=311) and the SBC group (n=1399). Then, five-year overall survival (OS) and five-year disease -free survival (DFS) for these two groups were evaluated and compared.Results: The FBC group and SBC group represented 18.22% % and 81.8% of all cases, with mean ages of 44.2 years and 47.7 years, respectively (p=0.0024). There were more advanced stage and positive lymph nodes, higher grade of tumor, more positive lymphovascular invasion and P53 status and higher degrees of negative progesterone receptor status in the FBC group than in the SBC group (p=0.0200, p=0.0001, p=0.0001, p=0.0386, p=0.0182 and p=0.0003, respectively). In the FBC group and SBC group, the five -year DFS was 81% and 86.5%, (p=0.0121), and the five -year OS was 71.1% and 76.5%, respectively (p=0.0401).Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that better five-year OS, five-year DFS and favorable prognostic factors in the SBT group than in the FBC group. The initial results might be helpful as better treatment modalities and careful follow-up in the FBC group.
Screening for Proteins Related to The Biosynthesis of Hispidin and Its Derivatives in Phellinus Igniarius Using iTRAQ Proteomic Analysis
Authors: Guo Jinjing , Liu Xiaoxi , Li Yuanjie , Ji Hongyan , Liu Cheng , Zhou Li , Huang Yu , Bai Changcai , Jiang Zhibo , Wu Xiuli 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Hispidin (HIP) and its derivatives, a class of natural fungal metabolites, possess extremely complex and interesting chemical structures with extensive pharmacological activities. Phellinus igniarius, which is the most common sources of HIP, can be used as both medicine and food. The biosynthetic pasthway of HIP in P. igniarius is not yet clear and hence effective regulatory mechanism of HIP is absent.The purpose of this paper was to illustrate a biosynthesis system for hispidin and its derivatives at the protein level. Results: We found that tricetolatone (TL) is a key biosynthetic precursor in the biosynthetic pathway of hispidin and that its addition led to increased production of hispidin and various hispidin derivatives. Based on the changes in the concentrations of precursors and intermediates, key timepoints in the biosynthetic process were identified. We used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to study dynamic changes of related proteins in vitro. The 270 differentially expressed proteins were determined by GO enrichment analysis to be primarily related to energy metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and environmental stress responses after TL supplementation. The differentially expressed proteins were related to ATP synthase, NAD binding protein, oxidoreductase, and other elements associated with electron transfer and dehydrogenation reactions during the biosynthesis of hispidin and its derivatives. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) technology was used to selectively verify the iTRAQ results, leading us to screen 11 proteins that were predicted to be related to the biosynthesis pathways.Conclution: These findings help to clarify the molecular mechanism of biosynthesis of hispidin and its derivatives and may serve as a foundation for future strategies to identify new hispidin derivatives.
Utility of Self-rated Adherence and Assessment of Participant Feedback of the Healthy Diet and Lifestyle Study Pilot.
Authors: O’Reilly Holly , Panizza Chloe , Lim Unhee , Yonemori Kim M , Wilkens Lynne R , Shvetsov Yurii B , Harvie Michelle N , Shepherd John , Zhu Fengqing Maggie , Marchand Loïc Le , Boushey Carol J , Cassel Kevin D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: We examined the utility of self-rated adherence to monitor intervention compliance and facilitate goal setting and assessed participants’ qualitative feedback of the Healthy Diet and Lifestyle Study (HDLS) in order to inform the study design of the main HDLS intervention. HDLS, a randomized pilot intervention, compared the effect of intermittent energy restriction combined with a Mediterranean diet (IER+MED) to a euenergetic Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, with matching physical activity regimens, for reducing visceral adipose tissue area (VAT) and weight.Methods: Our analysis included the 59 (98%) participants who completed at least one week of HDLS. Self-rated adherence scores to dietary and physical activity prescriptions were collected 8 times across the 12-week intervention, using a 0-10 scale (0=Not at all, 4=Somewhat, and 10=Following the plan very well). Adherence scores for each participant were averaged and assigned to high and low adherence categories using the group median (7.3 for diet, 7.1 for physical activity). Mean changes in VAT and weight from baseline to 12 weeks are reported by adherence level, overall and by randomization arm. The participants’ qualitative feedback at completion of HDLS and 6 months post intervention were examined.Results: Overall, compared to participants with low self-rated adherence to dietary prescriptions, those with high adherence lost significantly more VAT (22.9 ± 3.7 cm2 vs. 11.7 ± 3.9 cm2; p=0.044) and weight at Week 12 (5.4 ± 0.8 kg vs. 3.5 ± 0.6 kg; p=0.045). For physical activity, compared to participants with low adherence, those with high adherence lost significantly more VAT (22.3 ± 3.7 cm2 vs. 11.6 ± 3.6 cm2; p=0.035). Participants’ qualitative feedback of HDLS was positive and the most common response, on how to improve the study, was to provide cooking education classes.Conclusions: Results support the use of self-rated adherence to dietary and physical activity prescriptions as an effective method to monitor compliance and facilitate participant goal setting. Study strategies were found to be effective with promoting compliance to dietary and physical activity prescriptions. The incorporation of cooking classes and demonstrations into future larger trials may further complement dietary adherence.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03639350. Registered 21st August 2018- Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03639350
Comparing Gender Homophily among the Multilayer Media Social Networks of Face-to-Face, Instant Messenger and Social Networking Services: A Case Study of a High School Classroom
Authors: Maejima Naoki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In which social worlds does gender homophily operate more strongly – offline or online? To address this question, the following two aspects must be considered. First, people currently use many types of online communication media. Second, to examine the homophily effects exclusively, it is necessary to control for other network formation mechanisms such as ‘foci’ and ‘triadic closure.’ For this study, I conducted a mixed-method research in a high school in rural Japan. I asked students about who they interacted with face-to-face (F2F), through instant messenger (IM), and social networking services (SNS) and then analyzed the social networks using exponential random graph models (ERGMs). Subsequently, I conducted semi-structured interviews to uncover the practices and social contexts of each communication media and explain the results of the quantitative analysis. The results showed that SNS was more gender heterogeneous than offline. In the IM network, a small gender homophily effect was initially observed. However, three months later, its strength decreased to almost the same as that in the SNS networks. From the qualitative research, some key mechanisms producing the difference in gender homophily are specified, such as precedence of F2F communication to IM interaction, independence of SNS communication from F2F, recommending functions, and hobby homophily. Overall, this study implies that considering offline or online alone may cause misunderstanding regarding homophily in organizations because the observed strength of homophily effects depends on whether the space is examined offline or online, what kind of media is examined, and when the online social network data are collected.
Prácticas matrimoniales y relaciones de género en dos comunidades aymaras del altiplano del norte de Chile
Authors: Gavilán Vega Vivian Theda 
Published: September 2020

The results of the research on matrimonial practices in the Aymara community of northern Chile are presented. The purpose of this was to know the evolution of gender relations in the context of the processes of change that two communities have experienced. These communities are located in the highlands of the border with Bolivia. Based on the analysis of data collected in two periods of field work (1982-1985 and 2014-2016), it is considered three dimensions: the prescription of marriage, the ceremony that legitimizes the conjugal unit, and the “chacha-warmi” institution, as a system of rules that regulates husband-wife relationships. The results indicate that, despite greater flexibility in the composition of the couple, the man's parents have greater authority; and while rituals have been simplified, they continue legitimizing the subordinate position of women; and finally, results indicates that the migration of families to other cities modify but does not eliminate the principles that guide the practices of the conjugal couple based on the dominance of men and what is masculine.
Mechanobehavior and mandibular ramus length in different facial phenotypes
Authors: Riddle Paige Covington , Nickel Jeffrey C. , Liu Ying , Gonzalez Yoly M. , Gallo Luigi M. , Conley R. Scott , Dunford Robert , Liu Hongzeng , Iwasaki Laura R. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To test the hypotheses that mechanobehavior scores (MBS) were correlated with mandibular ramus lengths (Co-Go) and differed between facial phenotypes.

Materials and Methods
Subjects gave informed consent to participate. Co-Go (mm), mandibular plane angles (SN-GoGn, °), and three-dimensional anatomy were derived from cephalometric radiography or cone beam computed tomography. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) energy densities (ED) (mJ/mm3) were measured using dynamic stereometry and duty factors (DF) (%) were measured from electromyography, to calculate MBS (= ED2 × DF,) for each TMJ. Polynomial regressions, K-means cluster analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post-hoc tests were employed.

Results
Fifty females and 23 males produced replete data. Polynomial regressions showed MBS were correlated with Co-Go (females, R2 = 0.57; males, R2 = 0.81). Cluster analysis identified three groups (P &lt; .001). Dolichofacial subjects, with shorter normalized Co-Go, clustered into two subgroups with low and high MBS compared to brachyfacial subjects with longer Co-Go. SN-GoGn was significantly larger (P &lt; .03) in the dolichofacial subgroups combined (33.0 ± 5.9°) compared to the brachyfacial group (29.8 ± 5.5°).

Conclusions
MBS correlated with Co-Go within sexes and differed significantly between brachyfacial and dolichofacial subjects.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Related Events With Sotagliflozin Added to Insulin in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of the inTandem 1 and 2 Studies
Authors: Peters Anne L. , McGuire Darren K. , Danne Thomas , Kushner Jake A. , Rodbard Helena W. , Dhatariya Ketan , Sawhney Sangeeta , Banks Phillip , Jiang Wenjun , Davies Michael J. , Lapuerta Pablo 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the incidence and risk factors for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and related adverse events (AEs) in adults with type 1 diabetes treated with sotagliflozin adjunctive to insulin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data from two identically designed, 52-week, randomized studies were pooled and analyzed for DKA, changes in β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and percentage of patients with BHB &gt;0.6 and &gt;1.5 mmol/L. The patients were administered placebo, sotagliflozin 200 mg, or sotagliflozin 400 mg once daily.

RESULTS
A total of 191 ketosis-related AEs were reported, and 98 underwent adjudication. Of these, 37 events (36 patients) were adjudicated as DKA, with an exposure-adjusted incidence rate of 0.2, 3.1, and 4.2 events per 100 patient-years for placebo, sotagliflozin 200 mg, and sotagliflozin 400 mg, respectively. No patient died of a DKA event. From a baseline BHB of ∼0.13 mmol/L, sotagliflozin treatment led to a small median increase over 52 weeks (≤0.05 mmol/L at all time points). Of sotagliflozin-treated patients, approximately 47% and 7% had ≥1 BHB measurement &gt;0.6 mmol/L and &gt;1.5 mmol/L, respectively (vs. 20% and 2%, respectively, of placebo-treated patients). Subsequent to the implementation of a risk mitigation plan, annualized DKA incidence was lower versus preimplementation in both the sotagliflozin 200 and 400 mg groups.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with type 1 diabetes, confirmed DKA incidence increased when sotagliflozin was added to insulin compared with insulin alone. A lower incidence of DKA was observed following the implementation of an enhanced risk mitigation plan, suggesting that this risk can be managed with patient education.
PENGARUH PERMAINAN ULAR TANGGA KATA BESAR MODIFIKASI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA ANAK DI TK ISLAM KHAIRAUMMAH
Authors: Putri Sri Nanda Amelia 
Published: September 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh permainan ular tangga kata besar modifikasi terhadap kemampuan membaca anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan bentuk pendekatan quasy eksperimen. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan didapatkan hasil pada kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan permainan ular tangga kata besar modifikasi mendapatkan rata-rata nilai yang tinggi dimana dapat dibandingkan dengan nilai yang didapati oleh anak-anak yang berada di kelas kontrol yang menggunakan media papan tulis. Rata-rata kelompok eksperimen adalah 79,16 dan kelompok kontrol dengan rata-rata 70,31. Dari hasil analisis data yang sudah dilakukan bahwa thitung > ttabel, yaitu (2,93046 > 2,07387). Maka dari itu dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa permainan ular tangga kata besar modifikasi berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan membaca anak di Taman Kanak-kanak Islam Khaira Ummah Padang.