bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-species Population Ethics with Critical Levels
Authors: Cato Susumu , Ishida Shu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the notion of species-relative critical levels, which is a crucial ethical issue in multi-species population ethics. First, the formal conditions are provided under which there are species-relative critical levels (e.g., the critical level for human beings is different from that for non-human beings). In particular, we find it a salient question of animal ethics whether the existence of a human being is morally better than that of a non-human animal when their utility levels are the same. Subsequently, we illustrate two general classes of multi-species critical-level utilitarian orderings. One class employs species-relative critical levels, which entails either the animal repugnant conclusion or the animal sadistic conclusion. The other employs species-relative critical levels plus species-lexical ordering. Although it can avoid both the animal repugnant conclusion and the animal sadistic conclusions, it has the problem of speciesism.
Deep learning-based prediction approaches of binary star parameters
Authors: Helmy Islam , Ismail Mohamed , Eid Doaa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The precise computation of binary star parameters is crucial for understanding their formation, evolution, and dynamics. However, large datasets of available astronomical measurements require substantial effort for computing using classic astronomical methods. Deep learning (DL) is a promising approach that can provide a proper solution for estimating the parameters and reducing the burden of the lengthy procedures of astronomical computations. This study proposes two DL-based models for estimating binary star parameters. The first is the well-known multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model, whereas the second is based on long short-term memory (LSTM). We rely on databases, such as large sky multi-object fiber spectroscopic telescope area (LAMOST), to train the proposed models. In addition, we verify the training ratio showing that the performance of both models at a low training ratio of

$$30\%$$

30
%

, based on the mean square error (MSE), results in acceptable performance. Furthermore, the LSTM-based DL model outperforms the conventional MLP for different training ratios. Eventually, the two models have superiority compared to the benchmark methods.
What is the minimum time interval for reporting of intraoperative core body temperature measurements in pediatric anesthesia? A secondary analysis
Authors: Miller Clemens , Bräuer Anselm , Wieditz Johannes , Nemeth Marcus 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGiven that perioperative normothermia represents a quality parameter in pediatric anesthesia, numerous studies have been conducted on temperature measurement, albeit with heterogeneous measurement intervals, ranging from 30 s to fifteen minutes. We aimed to determine the minimum time interval for reporting of intraoperative core body temperature across commonly used measurement intervals in children. Data were extracted from the records of 65 children who had participated in another clinical study and analyzed using a quasibinomial mixed linear model. Documented artifacts, like probe dislocations or at the end of anesthesia, were removed. Primary outcome was the respective probability of failing to detect a temperature change of 0.2 °C or more at any one measurement point at 30 s, one minute, two minutes, five minutes, ten minutes, and fifteen minutes, considering an expected probability of less than 5% to be acceptable. Secondary outcomes included the probabilities of failing to detect hypothermia (< 36.0 °C) and hyperthermia (> 38.0 °C). Following the removal of 4,909 exclusions, the remaining 222,366 timestamped measurements (representing just over 60 h of monitoring) were analyzed. The median measurement time was 45 min. The expected probabilities of failing to detect a temperature change of 0.2 °C or more were 0.2% [95%-CI 0.0-0.7], 0.5% [95%-CI 0.0-1.2], 1.5% [95%-CI 0.2–2.6], 4.8% [95%-CI 2.7–6.9], 22.4% [95%-CI 18.3–26.4], and 31.9% [95%-CI 27.3–36.4], respectively. Probabilities for the detection of hyperthermia (n = 9) were lower and omitted for hypothermia due to low prevalence (n = 1). In conclusion, the core body temperature should be reported at intervals of no more than five minutes to ensure the detection of any temperature change in normothermic ranges. Further studies should focus on hypothermic and hyperthermic ranges.
A Model-Based Evaluation of Noninvasive Biomarkers to Reflect Histological Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Scores
Authors: Minichmayr Iris K. , Plan Elodie L. , Weber Benjamin , Ueckert Sebastian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises multiple heterogeneous pathophysiological conditions commonly evaluated by suboptimal liver biopsies. This study aimed to elucidate the role of 13 diverse histological liver scores in assessing NAFLD disease activity using an in silico pharmacometric model-based approach. We further sought to investigate various noninvasive patient characteristics for their ability to reflect all 13 histological scores and the NAFLD activity score (NAS).

Methods
A histological liver score model was built upon 13 biopsy-based pathological features (binary and categorical scores) from the extensive NASH-CRN (Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Clinical Research Network) observational NAFLD Database study (n = 914 adults) using the concept of item response theory. The impact of 69 noninvasive biomarkers potentially reflecting NAFLD activity was quantitatively described across the entire spectrum of all 13 histological scores.

Results
The model suggested that four different disease facets underlie the cardinal NAFLD features (steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular ballooning (= NAS); fibrosis; highest correlations: corrballooning-fibrosis = 0.69/corrinflammation-ballooning = 0.62/corrsteatosis-inflammation = 0.60). The 13 histological liver scores were best described by contrasting noninvasive biomarkers: Age and platelets best reflected the fibrosis score, while alanine and aspartate aminotransferase best described the NAS, with diverging contributions of the three individual NAS components to the results of the overall NAS.

Conclusions
An in silico histological liver score model allowed to simultaneously quantitatively analyze 13 features beyond NAS and fibrosis, characterizing different disease facets underlying NAFLD and revealing the contrasting ability of 69 noninvasive biomarkers to reflect the diverse histological (sub-)scores.

Graphical Abstract
No saturation of soil carbon under long-term extreme manure additions
Authors: Heinemann Henrike , Don Axel , Poeplau Christopher , Merbach Ines , Reinsch Thorsten , Welp Gerhard , Vos Cora 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
According to the carbon (C) saturation concept, the capacity of soils to accumulate stabilized organic C is limited by the number of binding sites on mineral surfaces. The concept and its application are highly debated. Therefore, we aimed at testing this theory using field experimental data.

Methods
Soils were sampled from four long-term field experiments with different amounts of organic fertilisation going up to extreme high C inputs (20 Mg C ha−1 yr−1) five times higher than in common agricultural practice. Soils were fractionated by particle size to obtain sand-sized, coarse silt and fine silt plus clay fractions.

Results
We found a linear relation between C input and soil organic carbon stocks (SOC) even with vast amounts of organic C inputs to the soil at three experimental sites. Across all experiments, C stocks in the sand-sized fraction increased on average by 146%, whereas C stocks in the fine silt plus clay fraction (< 20 µm) increased by just 17% without distinct saturation behaviour. The C sequestration efficiency (amount of C retained as SOC per amount of C input) tended to increase with initial SOC content which is not in line with the saturation theory.

Conclusion
The experiments were subject to C inputs via organic fertilisation that would and should rarely be reached in agricultural practice due to negative side effects. Even under these artificial conditions experiments did not show a distinct saturation behaviour.
Initial SOC stocks or SOC in the mineral-associated fraction did not appear to limit the potential of soils to sequester additional SOC. It can be concluded that C sequestration is mainly limited by the availability of C inputs from biomass.
Mapping and comparing the quality of life outcomes in childhood and adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: an umbrella review and future directions
Authors: Bolliger Céline , Way Kirsty , Michel Gisela , Sodergren Samantha C. , Darlington Anne-Sophie ,   On behalf of the EORTC Quality of Life Group
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
A cancer diagnosis early in life can leave a legacy in terms of compromised Quality of Life (QoL). There is a lack of clarity regarding the impact on QoL according to age at diagnosis, with childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and adolescents and young adult cancer survivors (AYACS) often combined. As part of an EORTC Quality of Life Group study, this umbrella review aims to (1) identify the QoL outcomes reported in the literature for both CCS and AYACS, and (2) investigate the similarities and differences in QoL challenges between both groups.

Methods
A systematic literature search of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was conducted in December 2023 using PubMed, PsychInfo, and CINAHL. Methodological quality was evaluated using the AMSTAR tool.

Results
Overall, 1457 articles were assessed, and 39 systematic reviews and meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. QoL outcomes were categorized into eight QoL domains, all of which were reported in both groups of young survivors. However, reviews on CCS often focused on outcomes relating to emotional functioning, cognitive difficulties, social challenges, school functioning, body image and overall happiness, whereas AYACS reviews had a greater focus on depressive symptoms, outcomes related to sexual health and reproductive health, employment, financial difficulties, self-image and identity and the impact of cancer.

Conclusion
This umbrella review comprehensively explores QoL outcomes among CCS and AYACS, revealing both shared and distinct challenges. Future research should focus on developing tailored questionnaires, emphasizing transition periods and incorporating a life perspective to capture unique developmental tasks of young survivors.
New Sub-grid Model for Convective Mixing in Field-Scale $${\textrm{CO}}_2$$ Storage Simulation
Authors: Mykkeltvedt Trine S. , Sandve Tor Harald , Gasda Sarah E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Solubility trapping involves dissolution of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO

$$_\text {2}$$

2

) into the resident brine and is considered an important trapping mechanism for any Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project. Previous experimental and numerical studies indicate that density-driven convective mixing can greatly enhance solubility trapping, and is thus a key mechanism to capture when assessing the capacity of industry-scale CCS projects. However, convective mixing is a centimeter-scale phenomenon that is computationally challenging to resolve in standard reservoir simulation that uses coarse grid blocks. Therefore, the goal of this work is to incorporate convective mixing as a sub-grid effect within the traditional formulation of slightly miscible two-phase flow. We do this by adapting the classical model applied in individual grid cells to account for the transient behavior of the underlying convection and the downward transport of dissolved CO

$$_\text {2}$$

2

through the cell. The new sub-grid model for convective mixing is a mechanistic formulation based on observations from high-resolution simulations. The model employs a set of non-dimensional parameters, calibrated against 2D simulations that allow it to be applied generally to any reservoir properties. We show that the calibrated sub-grid model is easily implemented in a 3D reservoir simulator and benchmark it against a fully resolved field-scale simulation of CO

$$_\text {2}$$

2

injection in a sloping aquifer. The sub-grid model shows a marked improvement in computing the total amount of CO

$$_\text {2}$$

2

dissolved over time compared with the classical model for the tested cases. The new implementation is further applied to the openly available model for the Smeaheia storage site in the Norwegian North Sea, to demonstrate the utility of the new model to improve estimates of CO

$$_\text {2}$$

2

dissolution and explore parameter sensitivities for realistic storage projects.
Extending the demand system approach to asset pricing
Authors: Gehrig Thomas , Sögner Leopold , Westerkamp Arne 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article introduces a shrinkage procedure which allows to improve upon the parametric portfolio approach introduced in Brandt et al (Review of Financial Studies 22(9): 3411–3477, 2009) and more general factor conditional frameworks. We analyze optimal investment decisions for constant absolute and constant relative risk aversion. In both preference classes, especially out-of-sample performance of the optimal strategies is rather volatile. In order to reduce parameter and model uncertainty, we augment the optimal strategies by a shrinkage device that pulls the portfolio weights toward a predetermined policy portfolio. Our theoretical approach thereby extends the demand systems approach of Koijen and Yogo (Journal of Political Economy, 127(4):1475–1515, 2019) to more general classes of preferences and provides conditions for the existence of equilibrium. As a side product, we establish that the characteristics-based parametric portfolio approach of Brandt et al. (Review of Financial Studies 22(9): 3411–3477, 2009) can only be justified as optimal investments under exceedingly strong assumptions. In empirical US data, our shrinkage approach outperforms the parametric approach and the naive 1/N-strategy over quite a wide range of levels of absolute and relative risk aversion.
A virtual patient authoring tool for transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Razavizadeh Seyedsina , Kofler Markus , Kunz Matthias , Kempfert Joerg , Braun-Dullaeus Ruediger , Weidling Janine , Preim Bernhard , Hansen Christian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Computer-based medical training scenarios, derived from patient’s records, often lack variability, modifiability, and availability. Furthermore, generating image datasets and creating scenarios is resource-intensive. Therefore, patient authoring tools for rapid dataset-independent creation of virtual patients (VPs) is a pressing need.

Methods
An authoring tool and a virtual catheterization laboratory environment were developed. The tool allows customised VP generation through a real-time morphable heart model and Euroscore parameters. The generated VP can be examined inside the vCathLab using a fluoroscopy and monitoring device, both on desktop and immersive virtual reality. Seven board-certified experts evaluated the proposed method from three aspects, i.e. System Usability Scale, qualitative feedback, and its performance in VR.

Results
All participants agreed that this method could provide the necessary information and is anatomically correct within an educational context. Its modifiability, variability, and simplicity were well recognised. The prototype achieved excellent usability score and considerable performance results.

Conclusion
We present a highly variable VP authoring tool that enhances variability in medical training scenarios. Although this work does not aim to explore didactic aspects, the potential of using this approach in an educational context has been confirmed in our study. Accordingly, these aspects can benefit from a thorough investigation in the future. In addition, our tool can be improved to provide more realistic parameter ranges for procedure-specific cases.
Are all renewable energy sources the same? A comparative analysis of public perceptions and preferences for renewable energy types in Southeast Asian cities
Authors: del Barrio Alvarez Daniel , Wang Nan , Sugiyama Masahiro , Numata Masako , Thuy Truong Dang , Aziz Azlina Abd , Palanca-Tan Rosalina , Ze Ya Aung , Yusuf Ariel Anshory , Ghani Awang Noor Abd. , Castillo Gem , Siyaranamual Martin Daniel , Phrakonkham Sengprasong , Nitivattananon Vilas , Swe Wunna 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe realization of a sustainable energy transition in Southeast Asia will require the overcoming of the current high reliance on fossil fuels in the energy mix and the steady and rapid growth in energy demand in the region. To achieve an economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable energy transition in the region, it is vital to utilize all available renewable energy sources to the greatest extent possible. It is therefore essential to gain an understanding of how citizens in each country perceive the available renewables. However, the majority of existing literature in this region has been constrained by a narrow focus on a comparison between fossil and renewable energy. Furthermore, while previous research has predominantly concentrated on single-country analyses, there are significant implications that could be disseminated across ASEAN countries. In light of the aforementioned limitations of existing literature, this paper aims to make a contribution by undertaking a comparative analysis of public preferences for renewable energy sources in eight major urban areas in seven Southeast Asian countries. The findings of this study indicate that, while climate change (or global warming) is perceived as a significant issue, it is often regarded as a secondary concern compared to other environmental issues. This is despite the fact that many of these issues are closely interlinked with and would be exacerbated by climate change. Furthermore, the findings suggest that solar energy is the most preferred renewable source across all urban areas surveyed. In contrast, bioenergy (or biomass) is generally the least preferred source of energy in all cities. There is considerable variation in perceptions of wind, hydro, and geothermal energy, with a high degree of variability between and within countries. These similarities and differences in preferences for renewable energy sources appear to be associated with varying levels of knowledge or familiarity with each source, which is consistent with differing willingness to pay for each source. These findings highlight the necessity for policies that address this apparent lack of understanding of how the transition to a sustainable energy system and each renewable energy technology can help mitigate the impact of environmental problems highlighted in each society.
Evolution of Ferrite Morphology and Ferrite-Ferrite Grain Boundary Characteristics with Cooling Rate in a Continuously Cooled 0.09C-0.08V-0.02N Microalloyed Steel
Authors: Church Adam J. , Tselikova Anastasiya , Schmidt Rolf , Cho Lawrence , De Moor Emmanuel , Findley Kip O. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractContinuously cooled HSLA steels produce mixed ferritic and bainitic microstructures with multiple constituents present within the same prior-austenite grain. Conventional methods of distinguishing these constituents have relied on size and morphology characteristics, which have inherent subjectivity in identifying constituents. In this study, grain boundary misorientation distributions were utilized to more objectively identify different quasi-polygonal ferritic, acicular ferritic, bainitic, and martensitic microstructures within a continuously cooled V-microalloyed HSLA steel. It was determined that the slower-cooled morphology of acicular ferrite commonly observed in line-pipe steels produced approximately equal 55 and 60 deg peaks in the misorientation distribution, while the more lenticular faster-cooled acicular ferrite produced at a cooling rate of 25 °C/s had a stronger peak at the 60 deg misorientation. The P2/P1 ratio, which quantified the ratio of these two misorientation peaks, was employed to differentiate these two acicular ferrite morphologies. These constituents also exhibited different axis/angle misorientation distributions in the high-angle grain boundary misorientation regime than both quasi-polygonal ferrite and martensitic/bainitic microstructures.
Managing Intracranial Pressure Crisis
Authors: Viarasilpa Tanuwong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive management protocol for the treatment of intracranial pressure (ICP) crises based on the latest evidence.

Recent Findings
The review discusses updated information on various aspects of critical care management in patients experiencing ICP crises, including mechanical ventilation, fluid therapy, hemoglobin targets, and hypertonic saline infusion, the advantages of ICP monitoring, the critical ICP threshold, and bedside neuromonitoring.

Summary
All aspects of critical care treatment, including hemodynamic and respiratory support and adjustment of ICP reduction therapy, may impact patient outcomes. ICP monitoring allows ICP values, trends, waveforms, and CPP calculation, which are helpful to guide patient care. Advanced neuromonitoring devices are available at the bedside to diagnose impaired intracranial compliance and intracranial hypertension, assess brain function, and optimize cerebral perfusion. Future research should focus on developing appropriate intervention protocols for both invasive and noninvasive neuromonitoring in managing ICP crisis patients.
Predictive model for HBsAg clearance rate in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon α-2b for 48 weeks
Authors: Tan Zhili , Kong Nan , Zhang Qiran , Gao Xiaohong , Shang Jia , Geng Jiawei , You Ruirui , Wang Tao , Guo Ying , Wu Xiaoping , Zhang Wenhong , Qu Lihong , Zhang Fengdi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background and Aims
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major global health concern. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance in CHB patients treated with pegylated interferon α-2b (Peg-IFNα-2b) for 48 weeks and to establish a predictive model.

Methods
This analysis is based on the “OASIS” project, a prospective real-world multicenter study in China. We included CHB patients who completed 48 weeks of Peg-IFNα-2b treatment. Patients were randomly assigned to a training set and a validation set in a ratio of approximately 4:1 by spss 26.0, and were divided into clearance and non-clearance groups based on HBsAg status at 48 weeks. Clinical data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, employing chi-square tests for categorical data and Mann–Whitney U tests for continuous variables. Significant factors (p < 0.05) were incorporated into a binary logistic regression model to identify independent predictors of HBsAg clearance. The predictive model’s performance was evaluated using ROC curve analysis.

Results
We included 868 subjects, divided into the clearance group (187 cases) and the non-clearance group (681 cases). They were randomly assigned to a training set (702 cases) and a validation set (166 cases). Key predictors included female gender (OR = 1.879), lower baseline HBsAg levels (OR = 0.371), and cirrhosis (OR = 0.438). The final predictive model was:
Logit(P) = 0.92 + Gender (Female) * 0.66 - HBsAg (log) * 0.96 - Cirrhosis * 0.88. ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.80 for the training set and 0.82 for the validation set, indicating good predictive performance.

Conclusion
Gender, baseline HBsAg levels, and cirrhosis are significant predictors of HBsAg clearance in CHB patients after 48 weeks of Peg-IFNα-2b therapy. The developed predictive model demonstrates high accuracy and potential clinical utility.