bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility to high-altitude pulmonary edema is associated with increased pulmonary arterial stiffness during exercise
Authors: Mulchrone A. , Moulton H. , Eldridge M. W. , Chesler N. C. 
Published: December 2019

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), a reversible form of capillary leak, is a common consequence of rapid ascension to high altitude and a major cause of death related to high-altitude exposure. Individuals with a prior history of HAPE are more susceptible to future episodes, but the underlying risk factors remain uncertain. Previous studies have shown that HAPE-susceptible subjects have an exaggerated pulmonary vasoreactivity to acute hypoxia, but incomplete data are available regarding their vascular response to exercise. To examine this, seven HAPE-susceptible subjects and nine control subjects (HAPE-resistant) were studied at rest and during incremental exercise at sea level and at 3,810 m altitude. Studies were conducted in both normoxic (inspired Po2= 148 Torr) and hypoxic (inspired Po2= 91 Torr) conditions at each location. Here, we report an expanded analysis of previously published data, including a distensible vessel model that showed that HAPE-susceptible subjects had significantly reduced small distal artery distensibility at sea level compared with HAPE-resistant control subjects [0.011 ± 0.001 vs. 0.021 ± 0.002 mmHg−1; P < 0.001). Moreover, HAPE-susceptible subjects demonstrated constant distensibility over all conditions, suggesting that distal arteries are maximally distended at rest. Consistent with having increased distal artery stiffness, HAPE-susceptible subjects had greater increases in pulmonary artery pulse pressure with exercise, which suggests increased proximal artery stiffness. In summary, HAPE-susceptible subjects have exercise-induced increases in proximal artery stiffness and baseline increases in distal artery stiffness, suggesting increased pulsatile load on the right ventricle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In comparison to subjects who appear resistant to high-altitude pulmonary edema, those previously symptomatic show greater increases in large and small artery stiffness in response to exercise. These differences in arterial stiffness may be a risk factor for the development of high-altitude pulmonary edema or evidence that consequences of high-altitude pulmonary edema are long-lasting after return to sea level.
Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Disease-Defining T-cell Subsets in the Tumor Microenvironment of Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Aoki Tomohiro , Chong Lauren C. , Takata Katsuyoshi , Milne Katy , Hav Monirath , Colombo Anthony , Chavez Elizabeth A. , Nissen Michael , Wang Xuehai , Miyata-Takata Tomoko , Lam Vivian , Viganò Elena , Woolcock Bruce W. , Telenius Adèle , Li Michael Y. , Healy Shannon , Ghesquiere Chanel , Kos Daniel , Goodyear Talia , Veldman Johanna , Zhang Allen W. , Kim Jubin , Saberi Saeed , Ding Jiarui , Farinha Pedro , Weng Andrew P. , Savage Kerry J. , Scott David W. , Krystal Gerald , Nelson Brad H. , Mottok Anja , Merchant Akil , Shah Sohrab P. , Steidl Christian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by an extensively dominant tumor microenvironment (TME) composed of different types of noncancerous immune cells with rare malignant cells. Characterization of the cellular components and their spatial relationship is crucial to understanding cross-talk and therapeutic targeting in the TME. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of more than 127,000 cells from 22 Hodgkin lymphoma tissue specimens and 5 reactive lymph nodes, profiling for the first time the phenotype of the Hodgkin lymphoma–specific immune microenvironment at single-cell resolution. Single-cell expression profiling identified a novel Hodgkin lymphoma–associated subset of T cells with prominent expression of the inhibitory receptor LAG3, and functional analyses established this LAG3+ T-cell population as a mediator of immunosuppression. Multiplexed spatial assessment of immune cells in the microenvironment also revealed increased LAG3+ T cells in the direct vicinity of MHC class II–deficient tumor cells. Our findings provide novel insights into TME biology and suggest new approaches to immune-checkpoint targeting in Hodgkin lymphoma.

Significance:
We provide detailed functional and spatial characteristics of immune cells in classic Hodgkin lymphoma at single-cell resolution. Specifically, we identified a regulatory T-cell–like immunosuppressive subset of LAG3+ T cells contributing to the immune-escape phenotype. Our insights aid in the development of novel biomarkers and combination treatment strategies targeting immune checkpoints.
See related commentary by Fisher and Oh, p. 342.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 327
Judicialización del acceso a medicamentos en el contexto suramericano
Authors: Acosta Angela , Falcão Matheus Zuliane , Aith Fernando Mussa Abujamra , Vance Carina 
Published: December 2019

Los gobiernos suramericanos reconocen el acceso a medicamentos como parte del derecho de sus poblaciones a la salud y al bienestar. Tanto la vida como la salud entendidas como derechos sociales implican esfuerzos de los sistemas de salud para garantizar las mejores condiciones de manera equitativa y colectiva, sin restricciones de acceso, y manteniendo su sostenibilidad. El fenómeno, conocido como judicialización del acceso a los medicamentos” se ha tornado una vía alternativa a los mecanismos establecidos por el sistema de salud en la región, generando preocupaciones relacionadas con la contradicción entre los esfuerzos de los sistemas de salud y las determinaciones judiciales. Este artículo presenta una revisión sistemática el tema en la región, a partir de las bases de datos Scopus, PubMed y Lilacs. Muchos de los casos informados describen demandas individuales sin que se hayan generado rutas colectivas, cuyas sentencias pudieran involucrar a grupos más numerosos de personas, generar jurisprudencia para próximos abordajes similares, e impactar en el diseño o implementación de políticas públicas. Según el principio de universalidad, la judicialización de medicamentos es una estrategia útil en tanto mantenga el equilibrio entre la garantía del derecho a la salud, el bienestar colectivo y la mejor disposición de los recursos en salud. Desde la perspectiva jurídica queda una gran inquietud sin resolver en cuanto al rol de las diversas instancias con las que cuentan los países para garantizar derechos fundamentales y su articulación con otras instancias como tribunales y autoridades administrativas.
ANTONIO CANDIDO E O PIONEIRISMO NA CRÍTICA ROSIANA
Authors: Leonel Maria Celia De Moraes 
Published: December 2019

Propomos demonstrar que as principais possibilidades de abordagem da obra de Guimarães Rosa foram, pioneiramente, traçadas ou levantadas por Antonio Candido. Para tanto, tomamos como base dois textos seminais sobre Grande sertão: veredas: “O homem dos avessos” e “Jagunços mineiros de Cláudio a Guimarães Rosa”. Nesses e em outros ensaios e resenhas, o crítico traz as ideias que têm balizado os estudos sobre Guimarães Rosa. Embora Antonio Candido seja considerado como o fundador da vertente crítica sócio-histórica da obra do escritor mineiro, consideramos que outras abordagens como a metafísica, a mítica, a linguística, a psicanalítica têm também seu nascedouro nos seus textos.
IL (Interleukin)-6 Contributes to Deep Vein Thrombosis and Is Negatively Regulated by miR-338-5p
Authors: Zhang Yunhong , Zhang Zhen , Wei Ran , Miao Xiuming , Sun Shangwen , Liang Gang , Chu Chu , Zhao Lin , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Guo Qiang , Wang Bin , Li Xia 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), one of the most common venous thromboembolic disorders, is closely linked with pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome, both of which have a high mortality. However, the factors that trigger DVT formation are still largely unknown. Elevated expression of IL (interleukin)-6—an important inflammatory cytokine—has been linked with DVT formation. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to the elevated IL-6 in DVT remain unclear. Here, we proposed that epigenetic modification of IL-6 at the post-transcriptional level may be a crucial trigger for IL-6 upregulation in DVT.

Approach and Results:

To explore the association between microRNAs and IL-6 in DVT, we performed microRNA microarray analysis and experiments both in vitro and in vivo. Microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that IL-6 expression was increased while miR-338-5p level was decreased substantially in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with DVT, and there was significant negative correlation between miR-338-5p and IL-6. Experiments in vitro showed that overexpressed miR-338-5p reduced IL-6 expression, while miR-338-5p knockdown increased IL-6 expression. Moreover, our in vivo study found that mice with anti–IL-6 antibody or agomiR-338-5p delivery resulted in decreased IL-6 expression and alleviated DVT formation, whereas antagomiR-338-5p acted inversely. Most of miR-338-5p was found located in cytoplasm by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Dual-luciferase reporter assay identified direct binding between miR-338-5p and
IL-6
.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that decreased miR-338-5p promotes DVT formation by increasing IL-6 expression.
Proinflammatory Mediators, IL (Interleukin)-1β, TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) α, and Thrombin Directly Induce Capillary Tube Regression
Authors: Koller Gretchen M. , Schafer Christopher , Kemp Scott S. , Aguera Kalia N. , Lin Prisca K. , Forgy Joshua C. , Griffin Courtney T. , Davis George E. 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
In this work, we examine the molecular basis for capillary tube regression and identify key proregressive factors, signaling pathways, and pharmacological antagonists of this process.

Approach and Results:
We demonstrate that the proinflammatory mediators, IL (interleukin)-1β, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) α, and thrombin, singly and in combination, are potent regulators of capillary tube regression in vitro. These proregressive factors, when added to endothelial cell–pericyte cocultures, led to selective loss of endothelial cell-lined tube networks, with retention and proliferation of pericytes despite the marked destruction of adjacent capillary tubes. Moreover, treatment of macrophages with the TLR (toll-like receptor) agonists Pam3CSK4 and lipopolysaccharide generates conditioned media with marked proregressive activity, that is completely blocked by a combination of neutralizing antibodies directed to IL-1β and TNFα but not to other factors. The same combination of blocking antibodies, as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, interfere with macrophage-dependent hyaloid vasculature regression in mice suggesting that proinflammatory cytokine signaling regulates capillary regression in vivo. In addition, we identified a capillary regression signaling signature in endothelial cells downstream of these proregressive agents that is characterized by increased levels of ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1), phospho-p38, and phospho-MLC2 (myosin light chain-2) and decreased levels of phospho-Pak2, acetylated tubulin, phospho-cofilin, and pro-caspase3. Finally, we identified combinations of pharmacological agents (ie, FIST and FISTSB) that markedly rescue the proregressive activities of IL-1β, TNFα, and thrombin, individually and in combination.

Conclusions:
Overall, these new studies demonstrate that the major proinflammatory mediators, IL-1β, TNFα, and thrombin, are key regulators of capillary tube regression—a critical pathological process regulating human disease.
Impact of Palliation Strategy on Interstage Feeding and Somatic Growth for Infants With Ductal‐Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow: Results from the Congenital Catheterization Research Collaborative
Authors: Nicholson George T. , Glatz Andrew C. , Qureshi Athar M. , Petit Christopher J. , Meadows Jeffery J. , McCracken Courtney , Kelleman Michael , Bauser‐Heaton Holly , Gartenberg Ari J. , Ligon R. Allen , Aggarwal Varun , Kwakye Derek B. , Goldstein Bryan H. 
Published: December 2019

Background
In infants with ductal‐dependent pulmonary blood flow, the impact of palliation strategy on interstage growth and feeding regimen is unknown.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective multicenter study of infants with ductal‐dependent pulmonary blood flow palliated with patent ductus arteriosus (
PDA
) stent or Blalock‐Taussig shunt (
BTS
) from 2008 to 2015. Subjects with a defined interstage, the time between initial palliation and subsequent palliation or repair, were included. Primary outcome was change in weight‐for‐age
Z
‐score. Secondary outcomes included % of patients on: all oral feeds, feeding‐related medications, higher calorie feeds, and feeding‐related readmission. Propensity score was used to account for baseline differences. Subgroup analysis was performed in 1‐ (1V) and 2‐ventricle (2V) groups. The cohort included 66
PDA
stent (43.9% 1V) and 195
BTS
(54.4% 1V) subjects. Prematurity was more common in the
PDA
stent group (
P
=0.051). After adjustment, change in weight‐for‐age
Z
‐score did not differ between groups over the entire interstage. However, change in weight‐for‐age
Z
‐score favored
PDA
stent during the inpatient interstage (
P
=0.005) and
BTS
during the outpatient interstage (
P
=0.032). At initial hospital discharge,
PDA
stent treatment was associated with all oral feeds (
P
<0.001) and absence of feeding‐related medications (
P
=0.002). Subgroup analysis revealed that 2V but not 1V patients demonstrated significant increase in weight‐for‐age
Z
‐score. In the 2V cohort, feeding‐related readmissions were more common in the
BTS
group (
P
=0.008).

Conclusions

In infants with ductal‐dependent pulmonary blood flow who underwent palliation with
PDA
stent or
BTS
, there was no difference in interstage growth.
PDA
stent was associated with a simpler feeding regimen and fewer feeding‐related readmissions.
Nonhuman Animal Nations: Transforming Conservation into Wildlife Self-Determination
Authors: Rizzolo Jessica Bell , Bradshaw Gay 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Neuroscientists have recently asserted that human and nonhuman animals share comparable brain structures and processes that govern cognition, emotion, and consciousness. This unitary, species-common model of trans-species neuropsychology compels a transformation from the current model of wildlife conservation to wildlife self-determination. Self-determination supports wildlife agency and resilience at the individual and population levels and is based on principles of positive assistance and supportive intervention, parallel sovereignty, and fair terms of cooperation in wildlife-human interactions. The case of Asian elephants (Elephus maximus) in Thailand illustrates how wildlife capture and domination-based captivity, even when intended to conserve animals, can impede self-determination by producing psychophysiologically traumatized wildlife. This article integrates concepts germane to individual animals (agency and trauma recovery) with characteristics of wildlife populations and species (self-determination). It contends that psychosocial data on the mental, emotional, and social functioning of wildlife societies and their members should be included in wildlife assessments and policies.
In-situ severe breeding habitat intervention only achieves temporary success in reducing Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection
Authors: Fernández-Loras Andrés , Boyero Luz , Bosch Jaime 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is causing sharp declines in amphibian populations around the globe. A substantial research effort has been made to study the disease, including treatments against Bd, but most treatments have been applied to captive amphibians only. We report a study aimed at clearing wild populations of the Common Midwife toad Alytes obstetricans. We removed all larvae from natural breeding sites (cattle troughs) and conducted two types of severe breeding habitat manipulation (complete drying and fencing for the whole breeding season). While larval removal followed by drying was a successful method of Bd elimination, the effect was only temporary. Since terrestrial habits of adult A. obstetricans prevent them from infection, our findings suggest that, even in simple breeding habitats where all aquatic amphibian stages can be handled and extreme habitat intervention is possible, Bd cannot be eliminated without controlling other potential Bd reservoirs in the surroundings of breeding sites.
Untranslatability as Resistance
Authors: Fischione Fernanda 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper I show the close correlation between cultural resistance and the comeback of the Arabic literary heritage in Levantine rap music in the aftermath of the 2011 Arab uprisings. In order to achieve this goal, I provide a number of textual examples that focus on both the content and the rhetorical tools used to convey it, being constantly aware that in the field of rap, perhaps more than elsewhere, ‘the medium is the message’ (Marshall McLuhan). In present-day Levantine rap lyrics, we can acknowledge a wide area of untranslatability, and it is specifically in this transcultural opacity that rap displays its resistant nature. In this paper I attempt to show how the conscious use of several varieties of the Arabic language, motifs belonging to the Arabic poetic tradition and references to local history and culture contribute to create small ‘cultural fortresses’ in individual lyrics, and these stimulate the listener to identify with it.
eWords for New Worlds
Authors: Smail Salhi Zahia , Golzard Vahideh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The potential impact of the internet on women’s empowerment can be identified in a variety of ways. The internet can provide diverse avenues for women’s social, political and economic empowerment and valuable sites can help with education, health, information and awareness of human rights in the public and the private spheres. Beyond these parameters the internet is also an open gate to the world, one that allows women to join global networks from the confines of their homes and break the boundaries of closed societies. In this article, we explore the changes the internet has brought to the lives of Iranian women. Drawing on interviews with a group of Iranian women who are active internet users in Tehran, we address how they understand and perceive digital empowerment.
Who Does Greenpeace India Represent?
Authors: Thrandardottir Erla , Mitra Susanna G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The global governance literature is increasingly concerned with questions regarding the purpose of global governance and the sources of power in world politics. One strand of this debate centers on nongovernmental organizations and to what extent their role in global politics and policy processes is legitimate. This article uses Greenpeace India as an instructive case study to analyze the legitimacy problems facing international nongovernmental organizations (INGO s) campaigning on a global policy platform in the context of domestic politics. The article argues that the undertheorization of INGO s’ agency as global actors is likely to reproduce processes of structural delegitimation that maintain a discrepancy between two of their legitimacy constructs. This is exemplified in questions about their representativeness and restrictive regulatory frameworks that undermine their legality. This article proposes that developing a more nuanced empirical understanding of the endogenous and exogenous limits of INGO s’ power can help bridge the theoretical gap between their global and local agencies.
Beyond a Seat at the Table
Authors: Choer Moraes Henrique 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Debates on the legitimacy of global governance pay remarkably little attention to whether and how developing countries can influence global governance. Instead, the focus lies significantly on addressing legitimacy challenges such as access and exclusion in global governance. Despite their merits, these debates often stop short of addressing a crucial question: How can weak states harness increased participation in global governance if they are ill-equipped to do so? To respond to this question, this article lays down a framework of mechanisms that might induce more influence by developing countries. The article makes two claims. First, we should understand influence as the combination of two skills: translation of global governance and empowerment to defend the interests of a country at global decision-making processes. Second, increased influence by developing countries must be stimulated by leveraging both domestic capacities (actor-level mechanisms of influence) and resources available at the international system (system-level mechanisms).
Mare Nostrum: Italy and the Mediterranean of Ancient Rome in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
Authors: Agbamu Samuel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Mediterranean has occupied a prominent role in the political imaginary of Italian Fascisms, past and present. In the 1920s to the early 1940s, Fascist Italy’s imperial project used the concept of mare nostrum – our sea – taken from the vocabulary of Roman antiquity, to anchor modern Italian imperialism within the authority of the classical past. In the postwar years, following decolonization in Africa, mare nostrum receded from popular discourse, previous claims to the Mediterranean suppressed. However, in the context of the so-called refugee crisis, Italy resurrected mare nostrum, in the naming of its military-humanitarian operation, a move rejected by the contemporary Italian far right. This article argues that configurations of the Mediterranean of ancient Rome have served to yoke Africa to Italy when articulated into a Fascist, imperial ideology, as well as to reify the boundaries between Europe and the non-European other, in the xenophobic discourse of the contemporary Italian far right.
Dreaming of a National Socialist World: The World Union of National Socialists (wuns) and the Recurring Vision of Transnational Neo-Nazism
Authors: Jackson Paul 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article will survey the transnational dynamics of the World Union of National Socialists (wuns), from its foundation in 1962 to the present day. It will examine a wide range of materials generated by the organisation, including its foundational document, the Cotswolds Declaration, as well as membership application details, wuns bulletins, related magazines such as Stormtrooper, and its intellectual journals, National Socialist World and The National Socialist. By analysing material from affiliated organisations, it will also consider how the network was able to foster contrasting relationships with sympathetic groups in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Europe, allowing other leading neo-Nazis, such as Colin Jordan, to develop a wider role internationally. The author argues that the neo-Nazi network reached its height in the mid to late 1960s, and also highlights how, in more recent times, the wuns has taken on a new role as an evocative ‘story’ in neo-Nazi history. This process of ‘accumulative extremism’, inventing a new tradition within the neo-Nazi movement, is important to recognise, as it helps us understand the self-mythologizing nature of neo-Nazi and wider neo-fascist cultures. Therefore, despite failing in its ambitions of creating a Nazi-inspired new global order, the lasting significance of the wuns has been its ability to inspire newer transnational aspirations among neo-Nazis and neo-fascists.