bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients’ satisfaction and experiences during elective primary fast‐track total hip and knee arthroplasty journey: A qualitative study
Authors: Jansson Miia Marika , Harjumaa Marja , Puhto Ari‐Pekka , Pikkarainen Minna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore how satisfied patients are with the process of treatment and care and to identify the experiences that patients perceive during elective primary fast‐track total hip and knee arthroplasty journey.BackgroundGreater satisfaction with care has predicted better quality of recovery, and patient experience has been positively associated with patient safety and clinical effectiveness. However, a little is still known about how patients experience their treatment and care.DesignA qualitative interview study.MethodsThe study was conducted among 20 patients in a single joint replacement centre during 2018. Patient satisfaction was measured using a numerical rating scale. Patients’ experiences were identified through qualitative semi‐structured interviews which were analysed using an inductive content analysis method. The COREQ checklist was used (Supporting Information).ResultsThe mean numerical rating scale score for overall satisfaction was 9.0 (SD 1.1) on a scale from 0–10. The patients’ experiences were grouped under eight main categories that were derived from the qualitative data in the analysis: (a) patient selection, (b) meeting the Health Care Guarantee, (c) patient flow, (d) postdischarge care, (e) patient counselling, (f) transparency of the journey, (g) communication and (h) feedback.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that patients are highly satisfied after an elective primary fast‐track total hip and knee arthroplasty. However, closer analysis of the patients’ experiences reveals challenges and suggestions on how they could be solved, often involving digital technologies.Relevance to clinical practiceAs the number of total joint arthroplasties grows, patients and their families need to take ever greater responsibility, for their own care from advance preparation to rehabilitation. The findings of the study can be used to organise work, improving patient‐clinical communication, fostering engagement and improving patient centredness. In addition, the results pinpoint the issues on how the patient experience could be improved.
Characterization of serotonin and N‐acetylserotonin systems in the human epidermis and skin cells
Authors: Slominski Andrzej T. , Kim Tae‐Kang , Kleszczyński Konrad , Semak Igor , Janjetovic Zorica , Sweatman Trevor , Skobowiat Cezary , Steketee Jeffery D. , Lin Zongtao , Postlethwaite Arnold , Li Wei , Reiter Russel J. , Tobin Desmond J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) activity was detected in cultured epidermal melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts with respective Km of 5.08 and 2.83 mM and Vmax of 80.5 and 108.0 µmol/min. Low but detectable TPH activity was also seen in cultured epidermal keratinocytes. Serotonin and/or its metabolite and precursor to melatonin, N‐acetylserotonin (NAS), were identified by LC/MS in human epidermis and serum. Endogenous epidermal levels were 113.18 ± 13.34 and 43.41 ± 12.45 ng/mg protein for serotonin (n = 8/8) and NAS (n = 10/13), respectively. Their production was independent of race, gender, and age. NAS was also detected in human serum (n = 13/13) at a concentration 2.44 ± 0.45 ng/mL, while corresponding serotonin levels were 295.33 ± 17.17 ng/mL (n = 13/13). While there were no differences in serum serotonin levels, serum NAS levels were slightly higher in females. Immunocytochemistry studies showed localization of serotonin to epidermal and follicular keratinocytes, eccrine glands, mast cells, and dermal fibrocytes. Endogenous production of serotonin in cultured melanocytes, keratinocytes, and dermal fibroblasts was modulated by UVB. In conclusion, serotonin and NAS are produced endogenously in the epidermal, dermal, and adnexal compartments of human skin and in cultured skin cells. NAS is also detectable in human serum. Both serotonin and NAS inhibited melanogenesis in human melanotic melanoma at concentrations of 10−4‐10−3 M. They also inhibited growth of melanocytes. Melanoma cells were resistant to NAS inhibition, while serotonin inhibited cell growth only at 10−3 M. In summary, we characterized a serotonin‐NAS system in human skin that is a part of local neuroendocrine system regulating skin homeostasis.
Food‐texture dimensions expressed by Japanese onomatopoeic words
Authors: Hanada Mitsuhiko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study examined perceptual dimensions of food texture using Japanese onomatopoeic words. Photographs of 56 foods were presented to the participants, and they reported onomatopoeic (mimetic) words suitable for the texture of the foods. The participants' responses were collated into a contingency table of photographs by onomatopoeic words. Correspondence analysis was applied to the table, and 15 dimensions were extracted. The biplot of the configurations was rotated by the technique of sparse coding. The obtained dimensions were smoothness/sounds in slurping noodles; adhesiveness; crumbliness/dryness/fluffiness of breads; popping/juiciness of spherical‐shaped foods; soft elasticity/smoothness of gel, wateriness/creaminess; bendability of sticky foods; crispness/crunchiness of snacks; crispness of fruits; elasticity; crunchiness of vegetables; breakability of rod‐like foods; sizzle (high temperature and oiliness); and two dimensions specifically expressing textures of lemon and pickled plum. These are considered to be basic food‐texture dimensions expressed by Japanese onomatopoeic words.
Cyclical dynamics in a Kaleckian model with demand and distribution regimes and endogenous natural output
Authors: Nishi Hiroshi , Stockhammer Engelbert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe analyse the interaction of demand and income distribution in a dynamic Kaleckian model with endogenous natural output. Endogenous changes of the natural output level to changes in the demand‐determined actual output level have featured prominently in discussions of hysteresis after the crisis of 2008. We consider wage‐led and profit‐led demand (PLD) regimes and goods market‐led and labour market‐led income distribution regimes. The stability of the steady state is related to the endogeneity of natural output level in certain regimes. Limit cycles arise when the strong flexibility of prices or wages to the output gap is combined with moderate natural output hysteresis. A Kaleckian model with a wage‐led demand regime and anticyclical profit share is less unstable and pseudo‐Goodwin cycles can arise in the PLD regime with a procyclical profit share.
Acanthocephalan parasites in sea otters: Why we need to look beyond associated mortality…
Authors: Shanebeck Kyle M. , Lagrue Clement 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe acanthocephalan parasite, Corynosoma enhydri, uses sea otters (Enhydra lutris) as definitive host. Despite high prevalence and abundance in southern sea otters (E. l. nereis), sublethal impacts of infection on otter health are unknown. Parasites are an integral part of ecosystem structure and functioning. Many affect host behavior, reproduction, predation, or prey preference. Parasites can suppress host immune response, facilitate secondary bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections, and influence concurrent microbial infection. Acanthocephalan infections can have significant effects on host metabolism, digestion, nutrient absorption, and energetics. Because high metabolic expenditures and resource limitations are known to affect southern sea otter populations, even subtle effects of infection could negatively impact individual health and population recovery. In this review we summarize reports of host–parasite‐environmental interactions for helminth infections and discuss how these same attributes could manifest in southern sea otters and coastal food web dynamics. Based on these data, investigation of potential sublethal impacts of C. enhydri is warranted. We recommend expanding understanding of the significance of parasites in marine ecosystems beyond associated mortality. Future investigation into the ecological implications of sublethal effects are essential to fully grasp parasite impacts on host populations, and predict potential additive effects with climate change in ecosystem functioning.
Drivers of metabolic diversification: how dynamic genomic neighbourhoods generate new biosynthetic pathways in the Brassicaceae
Authors: Liu Zhenhua , Suarez Duran Hernando G. , Harnvanichvech Yosapol , Stephenson Michael J. , Schranz M. Eric , Nelson David , Medema Marnix H. , Osbourn Anne 
Published: November 2019

Summary

Plants produce an array of specialized metabolites with important ecological functions. The mechanisms underpinning the evolution of new biosynthetic pathways are not well‐understood. Here, we exploit available genome sequence resources to investigate triterpene biosynthesis across the Brassicaceae.

Oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) catalyze the first committed step in triterpene biosynthesis. Systematic analysis of 13 sequenced Brassicaceae genomes was performed to identify all OSC genes. The genome neighbourhoods (GNs) around a total of 163 OSC genes were investigated to identify Pfam domains significantly enriched in these regions. All‐vs‐all comparisons of OSC neighbourhoods and phylogenomic analysis were used to investigate the sequence similarity and evolutionary relationships of the numerous candidate triterpene biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) observed. Functional analysis of three representative BGCs was carried out and their triterpene pathway products were elucidated.

Our results indicate that plant genomes are remarkably plastic, and that dynamic GNs generate new biosynthetic pathways in different Brassicaceae lineages by shuffling the genes encoding a core palette of triterpene‐diversifying enzymes, presumably in response to strong environmental selection pressure.

These results illuminate a genomic basis for diversification of plant‐specialized metabolism through natural combinatorics of enzyme families, which can be mimicked using synthetic biology to engineer diverse bioactive molecules.
TaVrt2, an SVP‐like gene, cooperates with TaVrn1 to regulate vernalization‐induced flowering in wheat
Authors: Xie Li , Zhang Yong , Wang Ke , Luo Xumei , Xu Dengan , Tian Xiuling , Li Lingli , Ye Xingguo , Xia Xianchun , Li Wenxue , Yan Liuling , Cao Shuanghe 
Published: November 2019

Summary

TaVrn1, encoding a MADS‐box transcription factor (TF), is the central regulator of wheat vernalization‐induced flowering. Considering that the MADS‐box TF usually works by forming hetero‐ or homodimers, we conducted yeast‐two‐hybrid screening and identified an SVP‐like MADS‐box protein TaVrt2 interacting with TaVrn1. However, the specific function of TaVrt2 and the biological implication of its interaction with TaVrn1 remained unknown.

We validated the function of TaVrt2 and TaVrn1 by wheat transgenic experiments and their interaction through multiple protein‐binding assays. Population genetic analysis also was used to display their interplay. Transcriptomic sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to identify their common targets.

TaVrt2 and TaVrn1 are flowering promoters in the vernalization pathway and interact physically in vitro, in planta and in wheat cells. Additionally, TaVrt2 and TaVrn1 were significantly induced in leaves by vernalization, suggesting their spatio‐temporal interaction during vernalization. Genetic analysis indicated that TaVrt2 and TaVrn1 had significant epistatic effects on flowering time. Furthermore, native TaVrn1 was up‐regulated significantly in TaVrn1‐OE (overexpression) and TaVrt2‐OE lines. Moreover, TaVrt2 could bind with TaVrn1 promoter directly.

A TaVrt2‐mediated positive feedback loop of TaVrn1 during vernalization was proposed, providing additional understanding on the regulatory mechanism underlying vernalization‐induced flowering.
Documentation of shared decision making around primary prevention defibrillator implantations
Authors: Barakat Amr F. , Asif Anum , Inashvili Ana , Szeto Libby , Noor Ahmed , Thalappillil Alvin , Adhikari Shubash , Fatima Shumail , Pasupula Deepak Kumar , Ahmad Shahzad , Mathew Don , Bhonsale Aditya , Kancharla Krishna , Wang Norman C. , Jain Sandeep , Mark Estes N. A. , Saba Samir 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionPatients eligible for primary prevention implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) therapy are faced with a complex decision that needs a clear understanding of the risks and benefits of such an intervention. In this study, our goal was to explore the documentation of primary prevention ICD discussions in the electronic medical records (EMRs) of eligible patients.MethodsIn 1523 patients who met criteria for primary prevention ICD therapy between 2013 and 2015, we reviewed patient charts for ICD‐related documentation: “mention” by physicians or “discussion” with patient/family. The attitude of the physician and the patient/family toward ICD therapy during discussions was categorized into negative, neutral, or positive preference. Patients were followed to the end‐point of ICD implantation.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 442 days, 486 patients (32%) received an ICD. ICD was mentioned in the charts of 1105 (73%) patients, and a discussion with the patient/family about the risks and benefits of ICD was documented in 706 (46%) charts. On multivariable analyses, positive cardiologist (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.9, 95% confidence of intervals [CI]: 1.0‐59.7, P < .05), electrophysiologist (HR: 7.7, 95% CI: 1.9‐31.7, P < .001), and patient/family (HR: 9.9, 95% CI: 6.2‐15.7, P < .001) preferences toward ICD therapy during the first documented ICD discussion were independently associated with ICD implantation.ConclusionsIn a large cohort of patients eligible for primary prevention ICD therapy, a discussion with the patient/family about the risks and benefits of ICD implantation was documented in less than 50% of the charts. More consistent documentation of the shared decision making around ICD therapy is needed.
Severe irritant reaction following sequential waxing and use of a chemical depilatory cream in an adolescent
Authors: Kiene Julianne , Maiman Rachel E. , DeKlotz Cynthia Marie Carver 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA 15‐year‐old girl presented with leg wounds that were sustained after waxing and subsequent chemical depilation. History revealed prior usage of chemical depilatories without irritation. Given this finding, we suspect that waxing disrupted the epidermal barrier and, therefore, rendered the patient more susceptible to severe irritant contact dermatitis upon depilation. While there are reported cases of irritant contact dermatitis and chemical burns secondary to waxing or depilatory cream use in adults, a literature review found no reported cases of chemical burns in a pediatric patient or adult consequent to using these methods in tandem.
The Glucosamine‐derivative NAPA Suppresses MAPK Activation and Restores Collagen Deposition in Human Diploid Fibroblasts Challenged with Environmental Levels of UVB
Authors: Lopreiato Mariangela , Cocchiola Rossana , Falcucci Susanna , Leopizzi Martina , Cardone Michele , Di Maio Valeria , Brocco Umberto , D'Orazi Valerio , Calvieri Stefano , Scandurra Roberto , De Marco Federico , Scotto d'Abusco Anna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe ultraviolet (UV) component of solar radiation is the driving force of life on earth, but it can cause photoaging and skin cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of the glucosamine‐derivative 2‐(N‐Acetyl)‐L‐phenylalanylamido‐2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐glucose (NAPA) on human primary fibroblasts (FBs) stimulated in vitro with environmental levels of UVB radiation. FBs were irradiated with 0.04 J cm−2 UVB dose, which resulted a mild dosage as shown by the cell viability and ROS production measurement. This environmental UVB dose induced activation of MAP kinase ERK 1/2, the stimulation of c‐fos and at lower extent of c‐jun, and in turn AP‐1‐dependent up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory factors IL‐6 and IL‐8 and suppression of collagen type I expression. On the contrary, 0.04 J cm−2 UVB dose was not able to stimulate metalloprotease production. NAPA treatment was able to suppress the up‐regulation of IL‐6 and IL‐8 via the inhibition of MAP kinase ERK phosphorylation and the following AP‐1 activation, and was able to attenuate the collagen type I down‐regulation induced by the UVBs. Taken together, our results show that NAPA, considering its dual action on suppression of inflammation and stimulation of collagen type I production, represents an interesting candidate as a new photoprotective and photorepairing agents.
Taxation by Citation? Exploring Local Governments’ Revenue Motive for Traffic Fines
Authors: Su Min 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnecdotal evidence suggests that local governments may have a revenue motive for traffic fines, beyond public safety concerns. Using California's county‐level data over a 12‐year period, this article shows that counties increased per capita traffic fines by 40 to 42 cents immediately after a 10 percentage point tax revenue loss in the previous year; however, these counties did not reduce traffic fines if they experienced a tax revenue increase in the previous year. This finding indicates that county governments probably view traffic fines as a revenue source to offset tax revenue loss, but not as a revenue stabilizer to manage revenue fluctuation. This article also finds that low‐income and Hispanic‐majority counties raised more traffic fines. Counties that generated more revenue from the hotel tax—a tax typically paid by travelers and visitors—raised more traffic fines, indicating a possible tax‐exporting behavior by shifting the traffic fine burden to nonlocal drivers.
“Do we teach subjects or students?” Analyzing science and mathematics teacher conversations about issues of equity in the classroom
Authors: Sparks David M. , Pole Kathryn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTeachers involved in a Master's level course in diversity participated in virtual, synchronous, anonymized discussions around issues of ethnic and racial diversity, gender, and stereotypes that could impact their students’ participation in fields related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Guided by theoretical frameworks from Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) and Critical Race Theory (CRT), a convenience sample of 14 science and mathematics teachers participated in a series of virtual chats using open‐ended questioning and facilitated by two university instructors. Using conversation and critical discourse analyses, three primary themes emerged: understanding of issues related to stereotypes, encouragement of females and minorities to pursue careers in STEM, and the place for diversity discussions in science and mathematics classrooms. The teachers felt burdened by curricular and administrative constraints that inhibit their ability to participate in thought‐provoking critical conversations. The paper concludes with a discussion of ways teachers can assist in the STEM career identity development of their underrepresented females and students of color and calls for research that combines the key findings in SCCT and CRT to build confidence and capacity for teachers to effectively confront issues of racism, sexism, and stereotyping in science and mathematics classrooms.
Severity of acute gastrointestinal graft‐vs‐host disease is associated with incidence of bloodstream infection after adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Modi Anita , Rybicki Lisa , Majhail Navneet S. , Mossad Sherif Beniameen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundInfections are the most common cause of non‐relapse mortality in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo HSCT) recipients. Acute gastrointestinal graft‐vs‐host disease (GI GVHD) often leads to friable mucosa as well as treatment interventions which can increase risk of infection. Our primary objective was to describe the relationship between increasing grades of acute GI GVHD and incidence of bloodstream infections (BSI).MethodsWe reviewed 441 adults who underwent allo HSCT from 2011 to 2017 and were clinically diagnosed with GI GVHD, non‐GI GVHD, or no GVHD based on the modified Glucksberg scale within the first 100 days of transplantation. The maximum grades of acute GI GVHD and non‐GI GVHD were used in the analysis. BSI was defined based on the presence of a blood culture positive for bacteria or fungi and treatment with antibiotics. The incidence of BSI within the first 180 days of transplantation was estimated with the cumulative incidence method. Fine and Gray regression was used to assess association between clinical grade of acute GI GVHD and BSI risk, adjusting for grade of non‐GI GVHD and for other significant baseline patient risk factors for BSI identified by multivariable analysis. Results are shown as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A similar analysis was conducted in 130 patients with histologic grade of acute GI GVHD.ResultsOverall BSI incidence by day 180 was 32%; gram‐negative bacilli were the predominant organisms, followed by gram‐positive cocci and fungi. Patients with grade 4 acute GI GVHD had higher risk of BSI as compared to patients with no GI GVHD (HR 2.98, CI 1.65‐5.37, P < .001), while those with grade 3 acute GI GVHD had similar BSI risk (HR 0.89, CI 0.36‐2.21, P = .81). Grade of GI GVHD had no association with risk of non‐BSI. Results were similar in patients with histologic grade acute GI GVHD. Patients who developed BSI or non‐BSI had significantly higher overall mortality risk compared to those without infectious complications (HR 2.52, CI 1.92‐3.31, P < .001 for BSI; HR 1.60, CI 1.20‐2.13, P = .001 for non‐BSI).ConclusionsGrade 4 acute GI GVHD is associated with a higher risk of BSI, which is in turn associated with a higher risk of overall mortality in this population. Understanding the relationships between acute GI GVHD, BSI, and overall mortality can guide future treatment strategies for adult allo HSCT recipients.
Toxoplasmosis in non‐cardiac solid organ transplant recipients: A case series and review of literature
Authors: Ramanan Poornima , Scherger Sias , Benamu Esther , Bajrovic Valida , Jackson Whitney , Hage Chadi A. , Hakki Morgan , Baddley John W. , Abidi Maheen Z. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe risk of toxoplasmosis in high‐risk cardiac transplant recipients is well recognized prompting universal donor and candidate screening with administration of targeted post‐transplant chemoprophylaxis in high‐risk (D+/R−) cardiac transplant patients. In contrast, until recently, there have been neither well‐defined recommendations nor consensus regarding toxoplasmosis preventive strategies among non‐cardiac solid organ transplant recipients. We report 3 cases of post‐transplant toxoplasmosis in non‐cardiac transplant recipients (one lung and two liver); all 3 infections presumed to be donor‐derived. Not surprisingly, pre‐transplant Toxoplasma serology was negative in all the patients. None of the patients were on trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) prophylaxis at the time of diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The median time from transplant to onset of infection was 90 days (range: 30‐120 days). Clinical presentations included cerebral (n = 1) and disseminated infections (n = 2). Two of the 3 patients, both with disseminated infection died (mortality ~ 67%).