bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a short scale to assess public leadership
Authors: Vogel Dominik , Reuber Artur , Vogel Rick 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTummers and Knies (2016) have recently introduced a 21‐item scale for the measurement of public leadership to the burgeoning field of leadership research in public administration. However, due to restrictions in survey length and response time, scholars often face practical difficulties when adopting measurement scales of such length. In many subfields of public administration, this results in a proliferation of ad hoc measures of unknown validity, which impedes scholarly progress. The goal of the present study is to develop a short form of the public leadership scale. We build on data from a two‐wave study in the German public sector and follow a step‐by‐step scale reduction procedure. The result is a reliable and valid 11‐item scale of public leadership for utilization in public administration research. Since a short scale allows researchers to include additional measures of other constructs, it facilitates the exploration of the nomological network of public leadership.
Neurovisceral regulatory circuits of affective resilience in youth
Authors: Koenig Julian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Neurovisceral Integration Model (NIM) is one of the most influential psychophysiological models addressing the interplay between the autonomic (ANS) and central nervous system (CNS). In their groundbreaking conceptual work, integrating autonomic, attentional, and affective systems into a functional and structural network, Thayer & Lane laid the foundation for empirical research in the past two decades. The present paper provides a principal outline aiming to reflect and further elaborate on the model from a dynamic developmental perspective. The central question at hand is, how does neurovisceral integration develop (early in life)? By reviewing the existing evidence, it is illustrated that key components of the model, both, on a physiological and psychological level, undergo extensive change early in the course of life. This sensitive period of human development seems key for our understanding of the integrated action of the ANS and CNS in emotion across the lifespan. Early life events may interfere with the fine‐tuned interplay of this shared neural circuitry resulting in long‐term dysfunction and psychiatric illness. In the absence of longitudinal data covering the entire co‐development of the ANS and CNS from early childhood to adolescence into early adulthood, it is suggested, that vagal activity and its normative increase in adolescence is a key premise for normative brain development on a structural and functional level, subsequent psychological functioning and adaptive regulation. Implications from this dynamic perspective and suggestions for future research in the field of developmental psychophysiology are discussed.
Reconstruction of bedform dynamics controlled by supercritical flow in the channel–lobe transition zone of a deep‐water delta (Sant Llorenç del Munt, north‐east Spain, Eocene)
Authors: Postma George , Lang Jörg , Hoyal David C. , Fedele Juan J. , Demko Timothy , Abreu Vitor , Pederson Keriann H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStable supercritical‐flow bedform phases under two‐dimensional steady flow are geometrically simple and include long‐wavelength cyclic steps at high Froude numbers and antidunes characterized by in‐phase flow that is near critical. Less well understood are the transitional bedform phases at the boundaries of the stable bedform fields and bedforms developing in complex flow geometries like the channel–lobe transition zone. This complexity is exacerbated by the fact that natural flows are never steady. Stable antidune bedforms may be reworked by temporally increasing discharge into chute and pool, and cyclic step and chute and pool fields will be reworked into antidunes if discharge is sufficiently decreasing. In addition, the channel–lobe transition zone is continuously evolving in space and time due to the influence of solitary hydraulic jumps at the channel mouth on channel extension and back stepping. This detailed outcrop study of a deep‐water delta slope belonging to the Eocene Sant Llorenç del Munt clastic wedge exposed near El Pont de Vilomara (north‐east Spain), tackles the complex bedform architecture problems by applying a method previously developed for fluvial deposits. Analysis of surfaces traced on high‐definition, drone‐derived in‐strike images combines architectural studies with facies analysis. Set boundaries of the bedforms were thus established, revealing the upslope migration of hydraulic jump zones and the intricate stacking of antidunes and solitary, mouthbar related chute and pool like structures. Further analysis of the stacking of bedforms and bounding surfaces provide evidence that deposition occurred in a relatively short (few hundreds of metres) channel–lobe transition zone at the base of the delta slope. The usefulness of the bounding surface hierarchy approach for turbidite deposits lies in the careful evaluation of the spatial extent of bounding surfaces, which are easily overlooked in complex architectures such as those created in the channel–lobe transition zone.
Sexual Identity–Behavior Profiles and Suicide Outcomes Among Heterosexual, Lesbian, and Gay Sexually Active Adolescents
Authors: Romanelli Meghan , Xiao Yunyu , Lindsey Michael A. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveAdolescents’ sexual behaviors can be incongruent with those assumed to align with their sexual identity. Identity–behavior profiles permit the characterization of youth who might remain undetected using a single‐dimensional assessment of sexual orientation. This study examined suicide risks among four distinct sexual identity–behavior profiles of youth: heterosexual with other‐sex partners only, heterosexual with any same‐sex partners, lesbian or gay (LG) with same‐sex partners only, and LG with any other‐sex partners.MethodData were analyzed from the 2017 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Participants’ reported sex, sexual identity, and the sex of their sexual contacts were used to construct the identity–behavior profiles. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between identity–behavior profiles and suicide outcomes.ResultsCompared to heterosexual respondents with other‐sex partners only, heterosexual respondents with any same‐sex partners and LG respondents with same‐sex partners only had greater odds of having a suicide plan; LG respondents with any other‐sex partners were over seven times more likely to have suicidal thoughts and attempt suicide and 14 times more likely to have a suicide plan.ConclusionsHealth and mental health providers can expand the identification of youth at risk for suicide by assessing both sexual identity and behavior.
State aid in government procurement
Authors: Cao Xiaoyong , Gong Jiong , Tian Guoqiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe build a government procurement model in the context of international trade to generate two kinds of equilibrium outcomes, where a higher participation cost foreign firm participates more aggressively in one kind, but less aggressively in another kind. However, the latter equilibrium disappears when the difference in the participation costs becomes sufficiently large. The first equilibrium is preferred by the government if its objective is to encourage domestic participation. It can eliminate the second equilibrium by either subsidising domestic firms or increasing participation costs for foreign firms, or both.
Pregnancy‐associated immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia in a dog
Authors: Fernandez Yordan , Sharman Mellora J. , Seth Mayank 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic investigations, and outcome of a dog with pregnancy‐associated immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia.Case summaryA 6‐year‐old, pregnant Bichon Frise was presented due to lethargy, inappetence, and progressive regenerative anemia with spherocytosis. The dog had been recently receiving ranitidine and amoxicillin/clavulanate. An in‐house saline agglutination test identified marked agglutination and a urinalysis identified hemoglobinuria. Thoracic and abdominal imaging, as well as infectious diseases testing, was unremarkable. The bitch started whelping shortly following hospitalization, and the anemia progressively resolved without any other intervention. Ranitidine and amoxicillin/clavulanate were re‐introduced within the following 2 months but the anemia did not reoccur. In light of these findings, a diagnosis of pregnancy‐associated immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia was made.New or unique information providedPregnancy‐associated immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia should be considered in female dogs that develop severe hemolytic anemia during pregnancy and may resolve spontaneously following parturition.
The structural basis for intermitochondrial communications is fundamentally different in cardiac and skeletal muscle
Authors: Lavorato Manuela , Formenti Federico , Franzini‐Armstrong Clara 
Published: March 2020

New Findings
What is the topic for this review?
This review summarizes recent discoveries in mitochondrial development and morphology studied with electron microscopy.

What advances does it highlight?
Although mitochondria are generally considered to be isolated from each other, this review highlights recently discovered evidence for the presence of intermitochondrial communication structures in cardiac and skeletal muscle, in animal models and humans. Within striated muscles, the means of intermitochondrial exchange and the reaction of mitochondria to external stimuli are uniquely dependent on the tissue, and we clearly differentiate between nanotunnels, the active protrusion of cardiac mitochondria, and the connecting ducts of skeletal muscle derived from fusion–fission and elongation events.

AbstractThis review focuses on recent discoveries in skeletal and cardiac muscles indicating that mitochondria behave as an interactive cohort with inter‐organelle communication and specific reactions to stress signals. Our new finding is that intermitochondrial communications in cardiac and skeletal muscles rely on two distinct methods. In cardiac muscle, mitochondria are discrete entities and are fairly well immobilized in a structural context. The organelles have developed a unique method of communication, via nanotunnels, which allow temporary connection from one mitochondrion to another over distances of up to several micrometres, without overall movement of the individual organelles and loss of their identity. Skeletal muscle mitochondria, in contrast, are dynamic. Through fusion, fission and elongation, they form connections that include constrictions and connecting ducts (distinct from nanotunnels) and lose individual identity in the formation of extensive networks. Connecting elements in skeletal muscle are distinct from nanotunnels in cardiac muscle.
Influence of Temperature Distribution on Radial Growth of Compressor Disks
Authors: Luberti Dario , Tang Hui , Scobie James A. , Pountney Oliver J. , Owen J. Michael , Lock Gary D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
For the next generation of aero-engines, manufacturers are planning to increase the overall compressor pressure ratio from the existing values around 50:1 to values of 70:1. The requirement to control the tight clearances between the blade tips and the casing overall engine-operating conditions is a challenge for the engine designer attempting to minimize tip-clearances losses. Accurate prediction of the tip clearance requires an accurate prediction of the radial growth of the compressor rotor, which depends on the temperature distribution of the disk. The flow in the rotating cavities between adjacent disks is buoyancy-driven, which creates a conjugate heat transfer problem: the disk temperature depends on the radial distribution of the Nusselt number, which in turn depends on the radial distribution of disk temperature. This paper focuses on calculating the radial growth of a simplified compressor disk in isolation from the other components. Calculations were performed using steady one-dimensional (1D) theoretical and two-dimensional numerical computations (2D finite element analysis (FEA)) for overall pressure ratios (OPRs) of 50:1, 60:1, and 70:1. At each pressure ratio, calculations were conducted for five different temperature distributions; the distribution based on an experimentally validated buoyancy model was used as the datum case, and the results from this were compared with those from linear, quadratic, cubic, and quartic power laws. The results show that the assumed distribution of disk temperature has a significant effect on the calculated disk growth, whereas the pressure ratio has only a relatively small effect. Good agreement between the growth calculated by the 1D theoretical model and the FEA suggests that the 1D model should be useful for design purposes. Although the results were obtained for steady-state conditions, a method is outlined for calculating the growth under transient conditions.
Patients’ perspectives on the barriers to referral after telescreening for diabetic retinopathy in communities
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Xu Yi , Lu Lina , Zou Haidong 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo understand the referral completion and explore the associated barriers to the referral after telescreening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) among people with vision-threatening DR (VTDR).Research design and methodsAll participants with VTDR after DR telescreening in the communities completed the self-reported questionnaires to assess referral completion and their perspectives on referral barriers. Sociodemographic characteristics and perceived barriers related to incomplete referrals were identified by conducting univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression model. The final model was then built to predict incomplete referral.ResultsOf the 3362 participants, 46.1% had incomplete referral. Old age and lower education level showed significant association with incomplete referral. Almost all participants had at least one barrier during the referral process. Knowledge-related and attitude-related barriers, including ‘Too old to want any more treatment’, ‘Difficulty in getting time to referral’, ‘No serious illness requiring treatment at present’, ‘My eyes are okay’, ‘Distrust the recommended hospital’ and ‘Have not been diagnosed or treated before’, and logistics-related barrier ‘Mobility or transportation difficulties’ showed significant association with incomplete referral.ConclusionsThe issue of incomplete referral after DR telescreening is serious among individuals with VTDR, particularly in the elder and low education level population. The negativity of knowledge-related and attitude-related factors might be more prominent than logistic barriers in predicting incomplete referral. Therefore, new strategies to improve the compliance with referral assist in optimizing the referral accessibility, and the ongoing educational support to improve the awareness of disease and increase the effectiveness of physician-patient communication.
Knowledge, attitude and prevalence of hepatitis B virus among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional, hospital-based study in Bamenda Health District, NWR, Cameroon
Authors: Akazong W Etheline , Tume Christopher , Njouom Richard , Ayong Lawrence , Fondoh Victor , Kuiate Jules-Roger 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a bloodborne virus which can be transmitted via percutaneous and mucocutaneous exposure to infected body fluid. Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are continuously exposed to different body fluids are at an increased risk of contracting and transmitting this virus. It is thus important to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of HCWs towards HBV and the prevalence of HBV infection among them.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out between April and September 2017. Overall, 398 HCWs were recruited for this study. Knowledge on the route of HBV transmission and attitude towards HBV were evaluated using a well-structured questionnaire. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity was obtained using the Monolisa HBsAg ULTRA kit (Bio-Rad). Data were analysed using SPSS V.20.ResultsAmong the HCWs who participated in this study, 338 (84.9%) had heard of HBV, and 269 (67.6%) of them had adequate knowledge on the route of HBV transmission. Medical doctors were the most knowledgeable among biomedical workers and students (76.5%). The rate of stigma was highest among nurses (87, 38.8%). The prevalence of HBsAg positivity was high (42, 10.6%) given that there is an efficient and available vaccine. Overall, over 70% of HCWs invited to participate in this study responded.ConclusionKnowledge on the route of HBV transmission was fair, and the level of stigmatisation of HBV-infected patients and the prevalence of HBV infection were high in this study. A sensitisation campaign should be carried out to educate HCWs on HBV, thus reducing the level of stigma associated with HBV as well as the probability of contracting HBV as a nosocomial infection.
Patients’ views about screening for atrial fibrillation (AF): a qualitative study in primary care
Authors: Lown Mark , Wilcox Christopher R , Hughes Stephanie , Santer Miriam , Lewith George , Moore Michael , Little Paul 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesThere has been increased interest in screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) with commissioned pilot schemes, ongoing large clinical trials and the emergence of inexpensive consumer single-lead ECG devices that can be used to detect AF. This qualitative study aimed to explore patients’ views and understanding of AF and AF screening to determine acceptability and inform future recommendations.SettingA single primary care practice in Hampshire, UK.Participants15 participants (11 female) were interviewed from primary care who had taken part in an AF screening trial. A semistructured interview guide was used flexibly to enable the interviewer to explore any relevant topics raised by the participants. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants generally had an incomplete understanding of AF and conflated it with other heart problems or with raised blood pressure. With regards to potential drawbacks from screening, some participants considered anxiety and the cost of implementation, but none acknowledged potential harms associated with screening such as side effects of anticoagulation treatment or the risk of further investigations. The screening was generally well accepted, and participants were generally in favour of engaging with prolonged screening.ConclusionsOur study highlights that there may be poor understanding (of both the nature of AF and potential negatives of screening) among patients who have been screened for AF. Further work is required to determine if resources including decision aids can address this important knowledge gap and improve clinical informed consent for AF screening.Trial registration numberISRCTN 17495003.
Low-value injury care in the adult orthopaedic trauma population: a protocol for a rapid review
Authors: Bérubé Mélanie , Moore Lynne , Leduc Stéphane , Farhat Imen , Lesieur Martin , Lamontagne Jean , Pelet Stéphane , Berry Gregory , Tardif Pier-Alexandre , Côté Caroline , Paquet Jérôme 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionOrthopaedic injuries affect almost 90% of trauma patients. A previous scoping review and expert consultation survey identified 15 potential low-value intra-hospital practices in the adult orthopaedic trauma population. Limiting the frequency of such practices could reduce adverse events, improve clinical outcomes and free up resources. The aim of this study is to synthesise the evidence on intra-hospital practices for orthopaedic injuries, previously identified as potentially of low value.Methods and analysisWe will search Medline, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Epistemonikos to identify systematic reviews, randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, cohort studies and case–control studies that evaluate selected practices according to a priori PICOS statements (Population–Intervention–Comparator–Outcome–Study design) . We will evaluate the methodological quality for systematic reviews using the Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews version 2 (AMSTAR-2). Risk of bias in original studies will be evaluated with the Cochrane revised tool for RCTs (RoB2) and with the risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. If for a given practice, more than two original studies on our primary outcome are identified, we will conduct meta-analysis using a random effects model and assess heterogeneity using the I2index. We will assess credibility of evidence (I–IV) based on statistical significance, sample size, heterogeneity and bias as per published criteria.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required as original data will not be collected. Knowledge users from three level I trauma centres are involved in the design and conduct of the study in accordance with an integrated knowledge translation approach. Findings related to the rapid review will be available in May 2020. They will be presented to key stakeholders to inform discussions and raise awareness on low-value injury care. In addition, results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal, at national and international scientific meetings and to healthcare associations.