bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking risk management in entrepreneurial SMEs: towards the integration with the decision-making process
Authors: Crovini Chiara , Santoro Gabriele , Ossola Giovanni 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is twofold: first, to analyze how risk is considered and managed by entrepreneurial SMEs, where the original founder is still the entrepreneur running the business, and second to understand if risk management is integrated with decision making.Design/methodology/approachThis research is based on a multiple case study. Three entrepreneurial SMEs based in the North-West of Italy were selected to obtain a heterogeneous sample. They operate in the manufacturing sector and they have different size and corporate ownership.FindingsThe risk management process cannot be always formalized but an unconscious risk analysis is always carried out. Risk is intertwined with decision and entrepreneurial orientation. Nowadays, rethinking risk management means enhancing and improving the decision-making process and integrating the phases of the two processes by introducing an alternative new model (RM-DM) that stands for “risk management-decision making”.Research limitations/implicationsConclusions can be generalized at a theoretical level even though this multiple case study represents a contingent analysis.Practical implicationsThis research enhances the understanding of the potential benefits for entrepreneurial SME owners of a risk mind-set while making decisions. RM-DM model is an alternative tool to manage risks properly in SMEs, especially when a formalized process is not implemented, as it improves the way decisions are made and introduces a more reasoned approach to manage risks.Originality/valueThis empirical study introduces a unique model (RM-DM) that helps to rethink risk management in entrepreneurial SMEs, by integrating it with the decision making and by proposing an alternative tool to manage risks with a more structured approach.
Planning a goal-oriented B2B content marketing strategy
Authors: Yaghtin Shahrzad , Safarzadeh Hossein , Karimi Zand Mehdi 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe main objective of this study is identification of the key factors in planning digital content marketing (DCM) strategy in line with the corporate's main marketing objectives in the B2B sector.Design/methodology/approachIn order to identify the different content types and their corresponding marketing goals, content analysis method was served to analyze the content of Instagram pages of 24 top-ranked corporates from three different industries. SPSS version 22 was used to investigate the significant difference levels and the mean ranks of identified content types.FindingsThe findings uncovered the twelve content types which are commonly published by the corporates in line with their main marketing goals in the B2B sector. Furthermore, the results revealed the most valuable content types from the B2B audiences' viewpoint and the most efficient content types in persuading audiences to participate in conversations.Research limitations/implicationsThis study sheds some light on the ambiguous facets of DCM in the B2B sector, and its findings is useful as the starting point for the scholars who intend to investigate the various aspects of DCM and for the practitioners who work in the related fields.Originality/valueThis research offers a novel contribution to using Instagram as a DCM platform in the B2B sector. Also it contributes to identifying the main factors in communicating to B2B audiences through DCM.
Stefan Thomke: The power of experimentation in the digital era
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
In this interview with Harvard innovation expert Stefan H.Thomke about his latest book, Experimentation Works: The Surprising Power of Business Experiments, he pays tribute to the scientific method and “the engine that has powered” it over the centuries, the “humble experiment.”

Design/methodology/approach
Professor Thomke anticipates a burgeoning role for business experimentation, one that it is already playing across the value chain, particularly in leading online companies.

Findings
Digital experimentation tools have the potential to revolutionize a company’s R&D, but they can also transform entire industries by shifting experimentation–and thus product innovation–to users and customers.

Practical implications
The ability to access large customer samples, to automatically collect huge amounts of data about user interactions on websites and apps, and to run concurrent experiments gives companies an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate many ideas quickly, with great precision, and at a negligible cost per additional experiment.

Originality/value
Product development is being transformed by rapid experimentation: all aspects of software–including user interfaces, security applications and back-end changes–can now be subjected to A/B tests.
The new tools revolutionizing Vibrio science
Authors: Baker‐Austin Craig , Trinanes Joaquin , Martinez‐Urtaza Jaime 
Published: May 2020

SummaryAs microbiologists we live in exciting times. A variety of technical and conceptual developments, particularly in the last decade have revolutionized the field of microbiology, redrawing the landscape, and entirely redefining what is possible. Perhaps this paradigm shift is no more apparent than in the study of vibrios. The family Vibrionaceae are almost unique as a group of bacteria to study in microbiology: they are genomically, phylogenetically and functionally diverse yet a distinct group of environmental bacteria encompassing important human and animal pathogens as well as non‐pathogenic species such as ecologically critical symbionts. Sensitive to physiochemical stimuli, they are among the fasting replicating bacteria studied, capable of responding almost immediately to favourable environmental conditions such as those afforded by climate warming. Characterized by an unusual double chromosome and frequently carrying numerous cryptic plasmids – their genomes are often pockmarked with insertion elements, transposons, prophages and integrases – paying testament to past genomic promiscuity. With a strong affinity for environmental niches in freshwater and marine systems, they are among the most numerous bacteria present in our oceans, coasts and freshwater environments. As such they offer something for almost anyone interested in microbiology and represent an excellent example of field of microbiology that has benefitted hugely by advances across a gamut of disciplines – not just microbiological – but encompassing genomics, genetics, oceanography, ecological, earth observations sciences and data visualization, among others. We will briefly outline some of the most exciting, innovative and translational scientific advances that are currently being applied to these ecologically, environmentally and clinically important bacteria.
Particle therapy toxicity outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Hwang Eun Ji , Gorayski Peter , Le Hien , Hanna Gerard G , Kenny Liz , Penniment Michael , Buck Jacqueline , Thwaites David , Ahern Verity 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOwing to its physical properties, particle therapy (PT), including proton beam therapy (PBT) and carbon ion therapy (CIT), can enhance the therapeutic ratio in radiation therapy. The major factor driving PT implementation is the reduction in exit and integral dose compared to photon plans, which is expected to translate to reduced toxicity and improved quality of life. This study extends the findings from a recent systematic review by the current authors which concentrated on tumour outcomes for PT, to now examine toxicity as a separate focus. Together, these reviews provide a comprehensive collation of the evidence relating to PT outcomes in clinical practice. Three major databases were searched by two independent researchers, and evidence quality was classified according to the National Health and Medical Research Council evidence hierarchy. One hundred and seventy‐nine studies were included. Most demonstrated acceptable and favourable toxicity results. Comparative evidence reported reduced morbidities and improvement in quality of life in head and neck, paediatrics, sarcomas, adult central nervous system, gastrointestinal, ocular and prostate cancers compared to photon radiotherapy. This suggestion for reduced morbidity must be counterbalanced by the overall low quality of evidence. A concerted effort in the design of appropriate comparative clinical trials is needed which takes into account integration of PT’s pace of technological advancements, including evolving delivery techniques, image guidance availability and sophistication of planning algorithms.
The Potential of Europe’s Sharp and Soft Power
Authors: Biersteker Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile it lags behind the US and China in conventional hard power indicators, Europe is at par with and even ahead of them in some sharp and soft power indicators. Yet it consistently influences below its potential in world affairs. Its ability to leverage its sharp and soft power is hampered by questions of identity, coherence, and leadership, questions that are reflected in the scenario exercise itself. Is Europe defined as the EU, the EMU, or the Council of Europe, and will it continue to include the UK? The answer will be critical to enhancing Europe’s power. More effective use of Europe’s sharp power will require both political will and more strategic coherence in Brussels, along with some significant institutional modifications. America’s abdication from global leadership creates an opportunity for the projection of Europe’s soft power. Europe’s normative role – both through policy innovation and higher education – is its greatest strength, and its place in the world of 2030 will be determined by how it exercises its potential. It must choose whether it has the will to maintain core elements of the previous order or transform it into new, post‐hegemonic multilateral forms.
Power versus Leadership?
Authors: Fitz‐Gerald Ann , Thompson Andrew S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEuropean power in the 21st century is not what it was in the 20th century. The rules‐based liberal international order that Europe helped to construct after the Second World War is under threat, and arguably in decline. As this ‘order’ diminishes, so too does Europe’s ability to influence world events. While Europe will never command either the military or economic hard and ‘sharp’ power of the United States or China, it remains an important international actor with considerable soft power, even with the United Kingdom’s recent departure from the union. Although we question some of the assumptions and priorities identified by the authors of ‘Enhancing Europe’s Global Power’, we share their view that a united and strong Europe has a great deal to offer to the world, particularly in the areas of data governance and tertiary education.
The use of Bayesian priors in Ecology: The good, the bad and the not great
Authors: Banner Katharine M. , Irvine Kathryn M. , Rodhouse Thomas J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Bayesian data analysis (BDA) is a powerful tool for making inference from ecological data, but its full potential has yet to be realized. Despite a generally positive trajectory in research surrounding model development and assessment, far too little attention has been given to prior specification.

Default priors, a sub‐class of non‐informative prior distributions that are often chosen without critical thought or evaluation, are commonly used in practice. We believe the fear of being too ‘subjective’ has prevented many researchers from using any prior information in their analyses despite the fact that defending prior choice (informative or not) promotes good statistical practice.

In this commentary, we provide an overview of how BDA is currently being used in a random sample of articles, discuss implications for inference if current bad practices continue, and highlight sub‐fields where knowledge about the system has improved inference and promoted good statistical practices through the careful and justified use of informative priors.

We hope to inspire a renewed discussion about the use of Bayesian priors in Ecology with particular attention paid to specification and justification. We also emphasize that all priors are the result of a subjective choice, and should be discussed in that way.
Epigenome signatures landscaped by histone H3K9me3 are associated with the synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lee Min Young , Lee Junghee , Hyeon Seung Jae , Cho Hyesun , Hwang Yu Jin , Shin Jong‐Yeon , McKee Ann C. , Kowall Neil W. , Kim Jong‐Il , Stein Thor D. , Hwang Daehee , Ryu Hoon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the commonest cause of dementia in the elderly remain incompletely understood. Recently, epigenetic modifications have been shown to play a potential role in neurodegeneration, but the specific involvement of epigenetic signatures landscaped by heterochromatin has not been studied in AD. Herein, we discovered that H3K9me3‐mediated heterochromatin condensation is elevated in the cortex of sporadic AD postmortem brains. In order to identify which epigenomes are modulated by heterochromatin, we performed H3K9me3‐chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)‐sequencing and mRNA‐sequencing on postmortem brains from normal subjects and AD patients. The integrated analyses of genome‐wide ChIP‐ and mRNA‐sequencing data identified epigenomes that were highly occupied by H3K9me3 and inversely correlated with their mRNA expression levels in AD. Biological network analysis further revealed H3K9me3‐landscaped epigenomes to be mainly involved in synaptic transmission, neuronal differentiation, and cell motility. Together, our data show that the abnormal heterochromatin remodeling by H3K9me3 leads to down‐regulation of synaptic function‐related genes, suggesting that the epigenetic alteration by H3K9me3 is associated with the synaptic pathology of sporadic AD.
SNP discovery and population structure analysis in Lassi and Marecha camel breeds using a genotyping by sequencing method
Authors: Sabahat S. , Brauning R. , Clarke S. M. , Nadeem A. , Thomson P.C. , Khatkar M. S. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryPakistani camels have been classified socio‐geographically into 20 breeds, but they have not yet been subjected to substantial selective pressures and the genetic basis for these breeds is not understood. However, it should be possible to distinguish them by use of molecular data. This study investigated the genetic diversity and population structure within and between two major Pakistani camel breeds, Marecha and Lassi. As no SNP array is currently available, we first identified 63 619 SNPs using a genotyping by sequencing approach. After quality control, a panel of 36 926 SNPs was used in the analysis. Population structure was investigated with a principal coordinate analysis as well as a cluster analysis using NetView, and multilocus heterozygosity analysis to explore between‐ and within‐breed genetic variation. In addition, between‐breed variation was explored using the fixation index, FST. We also compared relationship matrices computed using the VanRaden SNP‐based method and a method developed specifically for genotyping by sequencing data. Among the two camel breeds, Lassi showed a lower level of genetic diversity whereas Marecha showed a higher level. As a genotyping platform has not yet been developed for the camel, the SNPs discovered in this study will be useful in future genetic studies in camels.
Colonization rates of tracheostomy tubes associated with the frequency of tube changes
Authors: Kumarasinghe Dulitha , Wong Eugene H. , Duvnjak Marin , Smith Mark C. , Palme Carsten E. , Riffat Faruque 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTracheostomy‐tube change protocols are implemented primarily due to concern regarding infections. Currently changes vary from within 4 weeks post‐insertion to 3 monthly thereafter. However, currently no evidence‐based guidelines exist to justify these protocols. This study aims to assess the colonization of tracheostomy‐tubes associated with the frequency of changes.MethodsA prospective cohort study over 18‐months of adult tracheostomy patients at a single institution (inpatient/outpatients). Patients were grouped based on whether tubes were changed at ≤4 weeks or >4 weeks and microbiology swabs sent for microscopy, culture and sensitivities.ResultsA total of 65 patients were enrolled. No statistically significant difference in colonization in patients undergoing tube changes more than every 4 weeks to those less than every 4 weeks was found (56.2% versus 57.1%, χ2 = 0.004, P = 0.95).ConclusionThe timing of tracheostomy‐tube changes may not affect colonization and infection rates. Routine changes for the purpose of reducing infection risk may not be needed unless clinically indicated.
Variation in ureteric re‐implantation for Australian children
Authors: Cundy Thomas P. , Barker Andrew , Borzi Peter , Khurana Sanjeev 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundManagement options for vesicoureteric reflux are numerous, increasingly diversifying and debated. There is longstanding anecdotal opinion of inexplicable regional variation in vesicoureteric reflux management in Australia. This study investigates temporal trends in ureteric re‐implantation for children, and variation between states and territories.MethodsUreteric re‐implantation data for children aged 0–14 years were retrieved from the Medicare Benefits Scheme item reports database for the 20‐year period from 1998–2017. Claims data were population adjusted for each state then standardized for age using Australian Bureau of Statistics records. National and regional trends were calculated using joinpoint regression. Comparison between eastern (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory) and western or central (Western Australia, South Australia) states was performed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultsThere were 4919 procedure rebate claims during the study period. A national decrease in claim rates of 6.3% per 100 000 children was identified (P < 0.001). This was derived from significant decreases observed in eastern states. There was a threefold higher claim rate in Western Australia and South Australia per annum compared to the remainder of the country (4.0 versus 12.6 per 100 000; P < 0.001). For the most recent 5 years of the study period, this difference increased to a sevenfold higher rate (1.6 versus 11.1; P < 0.001).ConclusionThere has been a dramatic nationwide decline in the rate of ureteric re‐implantation procedure claims. Regional disparity between each side of the country is widening. Further research is required to determine if this degree of variation is warranted or unwarranted. The observed regional variation facilitates opportunity for a nationwide pragmatic clinical trial.
Minimized perfusion circuit for acute type A aortic dissection surgery
Authors: Kimura Naoyuki , Momose Naoki , Kusadokoro Sho , Yasuda Toru , Kusaura Rie , Kokubo Ryo , Hori Daijiro , Okamura Homare , Itoh Satoshi , Yuri Koichi , Yamaguchi Atsushi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA minimized perfusion circuit (MPC) may reduce transfusion requirement and inflammatory response. Its use, however, has not been standardized for complicated cardiovascular surgery. We assessed outcomes of surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) performed with a MPC under circulatory arrest. The study involved 706 patients treated surgically for ATAAD (by hemiarch repair [n = 571] or total arch repair [n = 135]). Total arch repair was performed using selective antegrade cerebral perfusion. Our MPC, a semi‐closed bypass system, incorporating a completely closed circuit and a level‐sensing reservoir in the venous circuit, was used. Clinical variables, transfusion volume, and outcomes were investigated in patients who underwent hemiarch repair or total arch repair. The overall incidences of shock, organ ischemia, and coagulopathy (prothrombin time–international normalized ratio >1.5) were 26%, 35%, and 8%, respectively. Mean extracorporeal circulation (ECC) time was 149 minutes for the hemiarch repair group and 241 minutes for the total arch repair group, respectively. No patient required conversion to conventional ECC, and there were no complications related to the use of the MPC. The need for transfusion (98% vs. 91%, P = .017) and median transfusion volume (1970 vs. 1680 mL, P = .002) was increased in the total arch repair group. Neither in‐hospital mortality (total arch; 12% vs. hemiarch; 7%, P = .11) nor 10‐year survival (74.4% vs. 68.4%, P = .79) differed significantly. Outcomes of surgery for ATAAD performed with the MPC were acceptable. The possibility of transfusion and transfusion volume remains high during such surgery, despite the use of the MPC.
The effect of glaucoma treatment using high‐intensity focused ultrasound on total and corneal astigmatism: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Marques Raquel Esteves , Sousa David Cordeiro , Vandewalle Evelien , Somers Alix , Melamed Shlomo , Nardi Marco , Figus Michele , Stalmans Ingeborg , Abegao Pinto Luis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeUltrasound cycloplasty (UCP) acts through the selective coagulation of the ciliary body using high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) technology. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the application of ultrasound beams targeting the ciliary body using an external probe influences astigmatism.MethodsMulticentre, prospective, single‐arm, open‐label study in adult patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma and moderately uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) under glaucoma medication. The primary outcome was induced corneal astigmatism, calculated from topography, and assessed statistically through vector analysis. Secondary outcomes included induced total astigmatism and mean changes from baseline in best‐corrected visual acuity (logMAR) and IOP. Subgroup analysis was performed to assess the impact of device centring on corneal and total induced astigmatism.ResultsFifty eyes were enrolled. Mean age was 69.6 ± 11.3 years. At 1, 3 and 6 months postprocedure, HIFU‐induced corneal astigmatism was 0.88 D × 93°, 0.87 D × 106° and 1.16 D × 97°, respectively, while induced total astigmatism was 0.62 D × 103°, 0.42 × 106° and 0.39 × 107°. By the last follow‐up, the percentage of patients with <0.50, <1.00, <1.50 and <2.00 D of induced corneal versus total astigmatism was 8.3% versus 46%, 29% versus 66%, 62.5% versus 88% and 79% versus 94%. Visual acuity was statistically significantly impaired at 1 month, but no difference remained by 3 and 6 months postprocedure.ConclusionUltrasound cycloplasty procedure is associated with increased corneal astigmatism. However, its impact on total refractive astigmatism is less pronounced.