bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to certify: Explaining varying efficiency of private regulatory audits
Authors: Renckens Stefan , Auld Graeme 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrivate regulatory programs, such as certification schemes, seek to control market access by providing greater certainty about products' credence attributes, including sustainability features of production processes. This article contributes to the literature that assesses the verification processes that determine whether private rules are being followed sufficiently by applicant rule‐targets (usually companies), and the regulatory intermediaries (auditors, assessors) that perform verification functions. By examining variation in the duration of verification processes of applicant rule‐targets, we question the assumption that within the context of a given program's design the efficiency of the verification process is invariant across time and space. We argue that the verification process can impose hurdles that are independent of rule‐targets' sustainability and their adherence to a private program's rules. Our analysis of 312 fisheries seeking Marine Stewardship Council certification shows that variation among intermediaries and objections to their certification decisions explain differences in the time it takes fisheries to receive market access.
Factors associated with the counts of selected oral microorganisms in nursing home residents
Authors: Wenger Kelsey , Pendleton Chandler , Xie Xian Jin , Caplan Daniel J. , Drake David , Marchini Leonardo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurpose/aimTo analyze potential factors associated with levels of selected oral pathogens, as well as total aerobic bacterial species, among nursing home residents.Materials and methodsNursing home residents were divided into three groups (G1 included people with teeth but no dentures, G2 included people with teeth and dentures, and G3 included people with no teeth and with dentures). All participants had microbiological samples collected from their oral cavity and dentures. Counts of total aerobic bacterial species, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces viscosus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Candida albicans were compared among groups using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. A multivariate analysis was also performed to control other available covariates.ResultsBivariate analysis revealed significant differences among the groups, and multivariate analysis showed that sex, the presence of natural teeth, denture wearing, oral hygiene indices, and systemic health conditions were associated with bacterial and Candida albicans log counts.ConclusionsPresence of natural teeth and denture wearing, as well as oral hygiene, sex and systemic health conditions were associated with bacterial and Candida albicans log counts among nursing home residents.
Global financial networks and entrepreneurship
Authors: Inekwe John Nkwoma 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFinancial network analysis can explain the extent of financial integration through the exploration of the lending and borrowing activities of firms in the international loan market. We contend that financial network will have a positive externality such that the acquisition of capital will have beneficial effects on entrepreneurship. Using the information from firms that participate in the syndicated loan market, we generate aggregate financial connectivity indexes and test our hypotheses on a panel of developing countries. The results show that financial connection relates to entrepreneurship. The connection of firms in these economies to the global community spurs entrepreneurship.
Diagnostic needle arthroscopy of the scapulohumeral joint in standing sedated horses
Authors: Pouyet Morgane , Bonilla Alvaro G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the technique to perform diagnostic standing scapulohumeral joint needle arthroscopy with a 1.2‐mm‐diameter arthroscope in horses.Study designExperimental study.AnimalsEight thoracic limbs in phase 1 and six horses in phase 2.MethodsIn phase 1, the feasibility of the technique was evaluated by using a craniolateral arthroscopic approach. An evaluation of the visible structures of the scapulohumeral joint was performed with both a needle arthroscope and a 4‐mm‐diameter arthroscope. In phase 2, the technique was performed in six healthy sedated horses to validate the technique in live animals and to report any complications or limitations.ResultsIn phase 1, joint evaluation was similar between arthroscopes and allowed complete evaluation of approximately the lateral half of the humeral head and the lateral glenoid rim. In phase 2, all joints were successfully accessed, and fluid extravasation was mild. Arthroscopic visualization was complete for the centrolateral aspect of the joint in all horses and either complete (3/6) or partial (3/6) for the craniolateral and caudolateral structures, respectively. The procedure was rapidly performed and well tolerated, and no postoperative complications occurred.ConclusionThe described technique was simple and allowed direct inspection of the scapulohumeral joint. Nonetheless, the standing nature of the technique prevents evaluation of the medial aspect of the humeral head and most of the glenoid cavity.Clinical significanceNeedle arthroscopy of the scapulohumeral joint is feasible in horses and offers a diagnostic technique that may improve the surgeon's diagnostic ability for certain shoulder pathologies.
Phylogeny of Adramini (Diptera, Tephritidae) based on integrative evidence
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Freidberg Amnon , Islam Md Sajedul , Zhu Chaodong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpecies of the tribe Adramini (Tephritidae: Trypetinae) are usually slender, and some specific species have eyes borne at the ends of their long stalks. This tribe is mainly distributed in the tropics and subtropics of the Afrotropical, Oriental and Australasian Regions; relatively few species occur in the Palearctic and Nearctic Regions. The phylogeny of the tribe Adramini is presented here based on analysis of morphological and molecular information (DNA sequences of nuclear 28S rDNA, mitochondrial COI and COII, and 16S rDNA genes) for its representative species in most genera. Three monophyletic groups (Adrama‐com‐group, Pelmatops‐com‐group and Dimeringophrys‐com‐group) were discovered in the combined morphological and molecular tree. The results showed moderate support for the monophyly of Adramini and strong support for most of its genera. However, Euphranta appears to be polyphyletic. Sapadrama, Celidodacus and Euphranta are basal taxon, and Coelopacidia, Soita and Trypanophion are closely related to the stalk‐eyed fruit flies (Pelmatops + Pseudopelmatops). A hypothesis regarding the morphology–function relationships for two main groups of Adramini (Adrama‐group and Pelmatops‐group) with different evolving probabilities is inferred. Sapadrama is proposed be removed from Adramini; a new genus, Ichneumonomacula Chen gen. n. and a new species Ichneumonmacula wangyongi Chen sp. n., are recognized and described, and a key to recognize the genera of Adramini around the world is provided.
Critical Heat Flux on Curved Calandria Vessel of Indian PHWRs During Severe Accident Condition
Authors: Verma P. K. , Kulkarni P. P. , Pandey P. , Prasad S. V. , Nayak A. K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs), during an unmitigated severe accident, the absence of adequate cooling arising from multiple failures of the cooling system leads to the collapse of pressure tubes and calandria tubes, which may ultimately relocate to the lower portion of the calandria vessel (CV) forming a debris bed. Due to the continuous generation of decay heat in the debris, it will melt and form a molten pool at the bottom of the CV. The CV is surrounded by calandria vault water, which acts as a heat sink at this scenario. In-vessel corium retention (IVR) through the external reactor vessel cooling (ERVC) is conceived as an effective method for maintaining the integrity of a calandria vessel during a severe accident in a nuclear power plant. Under the IVR conditions, it is necessary to ensure that the imparted heat flux due to melt is less than the critical heat flux (CHF) at the bottom of the calandria vessel wall. To evaluate the thermal margin for IVR, experiments are performed in a prototypic curved section of calandria vessel (25o sector) of calandria vessel to determine the CHF, heat transfer coefficient, and its variation along with the curvature of calandria vessel. The effect of moderator drainpipe on CHF and the heat transfer coefficient has also been evaluated. It has been observed that the imparted heat flux is much less than the CHF at the bottom of the calandria vessel.
Numerical Study on Particles Deposition in the U-bend Ribbed Passage
Authors: Li Lin , Liu Cun-liang , Li Bing-ran , Zhu Hui-ren , Wu Zhuang , Chen Wen-bin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The accumulation of particles in the internal cooling channel reduces the cooling effectiveness of the turbine blades and even affects the safe operation of the aero engine. Discrete phase-CFD simulations of particles deposition were performed in the U-bend ribbed passage by applying Euler–Lagrange method. Reynolds Average Navier–Stokes method was used for the gas phase calculation. The realizable k–ε turbulence model and enhanced wall treatment were adopted. The discrete phase was solved by using Lagrangian with random walk model. A particle deposition model was implemented by using user-defined functions. The Reynolds numbers of 30,000, 23,000, and 15,500 were studied. Particles diameters in the range 1–20 μm were considered. The particles deposition distribution of different locations is obtained in this study, and the influence of the Reynolds numbers and particle diameters on particles deposition performance are analyzed. Results show that the first row of ribs has a protective effect on the back row of ribs. The increased Reynolds number and increased particles diameter promote the deposition of particles on the wall.
Heat Accumulation in Ultrafast Laser Scanning of Fused Silica
Authors: Shen Hong , Wang Han , Tian Chenyun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work, a numerical model to predict the heat accumulation of fused silica induced by ultrafast laser scanning is put forward, which is composed of an ionization model and a steady electromagnetic model. The ionization model is to obtain the energy deposition induced by single laser pulse. Subsequently, the temperature evolution during ultrafast laser scanning is estimated through the superposition of the heat impact by each laser pulse. The ablated profile from experiments is compared with the predicted profile of heat-affected zone (HAZ) to illustrate the nonthermal processing window, which is validated by Raman spectrum. The analysis of the parametric sensitivity on heat accumulation is carried out, and the laser pulse energy is the dominating factor.
Experimental Study of Temperature and Heating Power Variations on Natural Circulation Flow Phenomena in a Closed Rectangular Loop With Single Heating Channel
Authors: Bello Solomon , Gao Puzhen , Lin Yuqi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Experimental investigation has been carried out in a closed loop rectangular natural circulation facility having a single heated macro channel dimensioned and built based on concepts of similarity and scale down circuit similar to the primary loop of a Nuclear reactor. The study aims to observe and critically analyze the thermal hydraulic parameters (Temperature Variation, Heating Power rises) as it affects transfer of heat by the NC flow along its hydraulic circuit at predetermined inlet subcooled set and sustained at 40°C, 50°C, 60°C and 80°C by regulating the coolant flow rate in the secondary loop. Heating channel power varies between 7kW – 13kW to portray several conditions of the reactor power in response to temperature changes base on the inlet temperature as a way of sustaining single-Phase flow through the flow loop while suppressing instabilities in the fluid circulation. Real-time signals of thermal hydraulic responses are observed via a graphical interface for data acquisition when stable flow or self-sustained flow oscillations are achieved. Results were analyzed at the (1) inlet and outlet of heater, (2) along the heated section and (3) inlet and outlet of condenser (4) the entire Loop. Pressure drops and Flow rate with respect to Temperature Difference was also analyzed to contribute for the acquisition of important data of natural circulation phenomena to be used for the design of large scale (prototypical) NC facility.
Prediction of Extremely High Minimum Heat Flux Point During Quenching in Nanofluid
Authors: Umehara Yutaro , Okawa Tomio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In nanofluid that is a liquid containing colloidal dispersion of nanometer-sized particles, it is known that the quenching heat transfer characteristics such as TMHF (minimum heat flux temperature) is improved mainly due to modification of the surface properties caused by nanoparticle deposition during boiling. In this study, the water-based silica (SiO2) nanofluid was used to clarify the mechanisms of the quenching characteristics variation in nanofluid. The Inconel 718 rodlet (φ16 × 30mm) and SUS304 rodlet (φ15 × 30mm) were used as the test pieces. The four properties of the nanoparticle layer were measured: roughness, wettability, wickability, and thickness. Then, the temperature transient in the nanoparticle layer was calculated using the one-dimensional heat conduction equation. It was shown that the surface temperature of the nanoparticle layer should be maintained low enough for a sufficiently long time after immersing the high-temperature test piece in the nanofluid for remarkable increase in TMHF to occur.
A Laser Decontamination Technology for Radioactive Contaminated Metals
Authors: Wan Zhao , Junjie Cao , Shuai Wang , Xumin Chen , Yongling Zhang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A large number of radioactive contaminated metals will be produced during the operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities. Laser ablation is a clean and efficient surface decontamination method for radioactive metals. This study presents experiments to select laser decontamination parameters including laser power, laser pulse width, laser scanning speed and laser focal shift, as well as the construction of a laser decontamination prototype based on a fiber laser system of high power density, which can automatically ablate the radioactive deposit layer, oxide layer and shallow surface layer of metals to get an excellent decontamination result. Depending on this equipment, some engineering application tests were conducted in a nuclear power factory to verify the technology research result and equipment. Decontamination results which evaluate by decontamination factor show that the laser decontamination technology has a good result on the decontamination of radioactive surface contaminated metals.
Neutronic and Thermal-Mechanical Coupling Schemes for Heat Pipe Cooled Reactor Designs
Authors: Ma Yugao , Liu Minyun , Han Wenbin , Xie Biheng , Chai Xiaoming , Huang Shanfang , Yu Hongxing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Space fission power systems can enable ambitious solar-system and deep-space science missions. The heat pipe cooled reactor is one of the most potential candidates for near-term space power supply, featured with safety, simplicity, reliability, and modularity. Heat pipe cooled reactors are solid-state and high temperature (up to 1500 K) reactors, where the thermal expansion is remarkable and the mechanical response significantly influences the neutronics and thermal analyses. Due to the considerable difference between heat pipe cooled reactors and traditional water reactors in the structure and design concept, the coupling solutions for light water reactors cannot be directly applied to heat pipe cooled reactor analyses. Therefore, new coupling framework and program need to consider the coupling effects among neutronics, heat transfer as well as mechanics. Based on the Monte Carlo program RMC and commercial finite element program ANSYS Mechanical APDL, this work introduces the three coupling fields of neutronics (N), thermal (T), and mechanics (M) for heat pipe cooled reactors. The neutronic and thermal-mechanical (N/T-M) coupling strategy is developed theoretically, focusing on the formulation of the nonlinear problem, iteration schemes, and relaxation methods. Besides, the finite element method and the Monte Carlo program use different meshes and geometry construction methods. The spatial mapping and geometry reconstruction are also essential for the N/T-M coupling, which is discussed and established in detail. Furthermore, the N/T-M coupling methods are applied to the preliminary self-designed 10 kWe space heat pipe cooled reactor. Coupling shows that the thermal-mechanical feedback in the solid-state reactor has negative reactivity feedback (−2007 pcm) while it has a deterioration in heat transfer due to the expansion in the gas gap.
Development and Verification of PWR Physical and Thermal Coupling Calculation Software
Authors: Li Zhigang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In order to more accurately simulate the strong neutronics physical and thermal-hydraulic coupling phenomenon in a typical PWR, ARMcc (a software for the physical thermal coupling calculation of PWR core) is developed. In the ARMcc, the physical calculation module is based on the fourth-order nodal expansion method (NEM) and nodal Green’s function method (NGFM), the thermal-hydraulic calculation module is based on one-dimensional single-phase single channel heat transfer model and one-dimensional cylinder heat conduction calculation model, and the finite volume method (FVM) and finite difference method (FDM) are used to solve one-dimensional cylinder heat conduction model in the program. Based on the typical PWR benchmark NEACRP-L-335, the steady-state coupling calculation ability of the program is verified. The key parameters of the core calculated by the program, such as critical boron concentration and core Doppler temperature, are in good agreement with the reference results. The deviation between the critical boron concentration and the reference results is less than 5 ‰. In addition, the influence of four calculation modes on the simulation of core physical thermal coupling process is studied, and the results of PARCS program are selected as reference. It is found that NGFM + FDM calculation mode can more accurately simulate the core fuel Doppler temperature, core outlet coolant temperature and core power distribution; NEM + FVM can more accurately simulate the core fuel maximum temperature.
Inverse Heat Conduction Problem in Estimating NPP Pipeline Performance
Authors: Cancemi Salvatore A. , Lo Frano Rosa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Most of today’s operating nuclear plants that were originally designed for 30 or 40-year life are facing the long-term operation issues. Therefore, it is of meaningful importance to assess the time-dependent degradation and the ageing of the relevant nuclear systems, structures, and components (SSCs) because of resulting loss of structural capacity.
In this framework, the inverse method is implemented starting from temperatures at an accessible boundary, which are measured through a monitoring system. The reconstruction technique uses the elaborated signal provided by the monitoring system to determine temperature at inaccessible surface: this is the so-called inverse heat transfer problem (IHTP).
The inverse space marching method is applied.
Analytical and numerical studies are performed taking into account thermal transient conditions in order to determine thermal loads. In particular, the developed code demonstrates to be able to reconstruct temperature and stress profiles in any section of the pipe with a good accuracy.
In addition, the thermal loads obtained suggest that the investigated transient condition is not able to jeopardise the integrity of NPP, confirming the possibility of the plant extension of life.
Nuclear Material Measurement Based on Fast Neutron Multiplicity Counter
Authors: Su Xianghua , Zhang Quanhu , Hou Suxia , Li Sufen , Yang Jianqing , Hou Linjun , Chen Qifan , Xu Zhichun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fast neutron multiplicity counting (FNMC) analysis method, as a new non-destructive analysis method for nuclear materials, plays an increasingly important role in the measurement of nuclear material properties. Based on the derivation of the FNMC analytical equation of Pu material, the method of solving the sample parameters was given. By analyzing the mechanism of interaction of neutrons and matter, the model used by Geant4 (version 10.4) software was determined, and a set of three-layer, fast neutron multiplicity counters with six liquid scintillation detectors per layer was constructed. Using the fast neutron multiplicity counter to analyze the measured parameters, the detection efficiency variation was less than 0.4% within the 150g sample mass range, and the PuO2 fluctuation was less than the metal Pu. By studying the detection efficiency and the multiplicity counting rate as a function of sample mass, within the 150g sample mass range, both basically meet the model assumptions of the FNMC analytical equation. The metal Pu and PuO2 samples were set separately, and the FNMC analysis equation was solved. When the sample mass was within 150g, the sample mass solution deviation was less than 10%. The results show that the built-in fast neutron multiplicity counter can better measure Pu sample properties.
Simulation and Construction of Fast Neutron Multi-Counter Based on Liquid Flash
Authors: Chen Qifan , Zhang Quanhu , Hou Suxia , Li Sufen , Yang Jianqing , Su Xianghua , Hou Linjun , Xu Zhichun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As an important attribute authentication technology, the Fast Neutron Multiplicity Counting analysis method has the potential to solve the shortcomings of existing measurement methods. In this paper, the Geant4 10.4 program based on Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the geometric model, physical process and primary behavior, and simulate the detection system composed of six liquid flash probes in three different layouts to achieve the measurement of sample properties. Pu samples were measured by using different layout detection systems. By comparing the detection efficiency and the multiplicity count rate, it was determined that the No. 2 layout was used as the final detection system, and the detection efficiency was about 3.9%. The variation of the detection efficiency of the simulated sample in the radial direction is obtained. The uniform detection efficiency zone of the system is ±3 cm from the center of the cavity. The detection efficiency deviation is less than 0.12%, the mass deviation is less than 5%, and the deviation variance is less than 10%, and the detection system meets the requirements for sample measurement. Studies have shown that the built detection system has the ability to measure sample properties and can be used in the next step of the study.