bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex Hydrides for Energy Storage, Conversion, and Utilization
Authors: He Teng , Cao Hujun , Chen Ping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFunctional materials are the key enabling factor in the development of clean energy technologies. Materials of particular interest, which are reviewed herein, are a class of hydrogenous compound having the general formula of M(XHn)m, where M is usually a metal cation and X can be Al, B, C, N, O, transition metal (TM), or a mixture of them, which sets up an iono‐covalent or covalent bonding with H. M(XHn)m is generally termed as a complex hydride by the hydrogen storage community. The rich chemistry between H and B/C/N/O/Al/TM allows complex hydrides of diverse composition and electronic configuration, and thus tunable physical and chemical properties, for applications in hydrogen storage, thermal energy storage, ion conduction in electrochemical devices, and catalysis in fuel processing. The recent progress is reviewed here and strategic approaches for the design and optimization of complex hydrides for the abovementioned applications are highlighted.
Built‐In Active Microneedle Patch with Enhanced Autonomous Drug Delivery
Authors: Lopez‐Ramirez Miguel Angel , Soto Fernando , Wang Chao , Rueda Ricardo , Shukla Sourabh , Silva‐Lopez Cristian , Kupor Daniel , McBride David A. , Pokorski Jonathan K. , Nourhani Amir , Steinmetz Nicole F. , Shah Nisarg J. , Wang Joseph 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe use of microneedles has facilitated the painless localized delivery of drugs across the skin. However, their efficacy has been limited by slow diffusion of molecules and often requires external triggers. Herein, an autonomous and degradable, active microneedle delivery platform is introduced, employing magnesium microparticles loaded within the microneedle patch, as the built‐in engine for deeper and faster intradermal payload delivery. The magnesium particles react with the interstitial fluid, leading to an explosive‐like rapid production of H2 bubbles, providing the necessary force to breach dermal barriers and enhance payload delivery. The release kinetics of active microneedles is evaluated in vitro by measuring the amount of IgG antibody (as a model drug) that passed through phantom tissue and a pigskin barrier. In vivo experiments using a B16F10 mouse melanoma model demonstrate that the active delivery of anti‐CTLA‐4 (a checkpoint inhibitor drug) results in greatly enhanced immune response and significantly longer survival. Moreover, spatially resolved zones of active and passive microneedles allow a combinatorial rapid burst response along with slow, sustained release, respectively. Such versatile and effective autonomous dynamic microneedle delivery technology offers considerable promise for a wide range of therapeutic applications, toward a greatly enhanced outcome, convenience, and cost.
Broadband, Tunable, Miniaturized Vibration Energy Harvester Using Nonlinear Elastomer Beams and Stretchable Interconnects
Authors: Yang Zining , Ismail Nishana , Son ChangHee , Ferreira Placid M. , Kim Seok 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA miniaturized vibration energy harvester, a small yet sustainable power source that converts ambient mechanical vibration into electricity, is considered as a key technology to advance wireless sensor networks for the internet of things. Conventional chip‐scale vibration energy harvesters, such as microelectromechanical systems devices that are mostly based on rigid materials (e.g., silicon), inherently exhibit high resonant frequency, narrow bandwidth, and a single peak frequency. Therefore, they are often unsuitable for many real‐life applications, as most ambient vibrations have low frequency, broad spectrum, and time variant resonance. Here, an unconventional, soft‐rigid hybrid architecture for vibration energy harvesting, which is inspired by soft electronics, is presented to overcome these limitations. By harnessing soft materials undergoing large deformation, the reported device is designed and tested to demonstrate its energy harvesting performance with high miniaturization, low operation frequency, broadband spectrum, and resonant frequency tuning.
High‐Resolution Inkjet Printing of Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Microdiode Arrays
Authors: Yang Peihua , Zhang Long , Kang Dong Jin , Strahl Robert , Kraus Tobias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe direct printing of microscale quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) is a cost‐effective alternative to the placement of pre‐formed LEDs. The quality of printed QLEDs currently is limited by nonuniformities in droplet formation, wetting, and drying during inkjet printing. Here, optimal ink formulation which can suppress nonuniformities at the pixel and array levels is demonstrated. A solvent mixture is used to tune the ejected droplet size, ensure wetting, and provoke Marangoni flows that prevent coffee stain rings. Arrays of green QLED devices are printed at a resolution of 500 pixels in.−1 with a maximum luminance of ≈3000 cd m−2 and a peak current efficiency of 2.8 cd A−1. The resulting array quality is sufficient to print displays at state‐of‐the‐art resolutions.
Palladium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Benzoylation of Sulfonamides through C−H Activation: Expedient Synthesis of Cyclic N‐Sulfonyl Ketimines
Authors: Ojha Subhadra , Panda Niranjan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe ortho‐carbonylation of sulfonylarenes by non‐hazardous aryl aldehydes as a carbonyl precursor was reported. In this method, the sulfonamide group serves as a directing group for C−H activation in the presence of a Pd catalyst under ligand‐free conditions. The scope of this strategy has been extended to the one‐pot two‐step synthesis of cyclic N‐sulfonyl ketimines under mild reaction conditions. Our approach could be considered as an alternative by circumventing the use of highly reactive organolithium or Grignard reagents to access a wide range of biologically potent cyclic N‐sulfonyl ketimines.magnified image
Enhanced Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporating Dopant‐Free Crystalline Spiro‐OMeTAD Layers by Vacuum Sublimation
Authors: Barranco Angel , Lopez‐Santos Maria C. , Idigoras Jesus , Aparicio Francisco J. , Obrero‐Perez Jose , Lopez‐Flores Victor , Contreras‐Bernal Lidia , Rico Victor , Ferrer Javier , Espinos Juan P. , Borras Ana , Anta Juan A. , Sanchez‐Valencia Juan R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe main handicap still hindering the eventual exploitation of organometal halide perovskite‐based solar cells is their poor stability under prolonged illumination, ambient conditions, and increased temperatures. This article shows for the first time the vacuum processing of the most widely used solid‐state hole conductor (SSHC), i.e., the Spiro‐OMeTAD [2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis (N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenyl‐amine) 9,9′‐spirobifluorene], and how its dopant‐free crystalline formation unprecedently improves perovskite solar cell (PSC) stability under continuous illumination by about two orders of magnitude with respect to the solution‐processed reference and after annealing in air up to 200 °C. It is demonstrated that the control over the temperature of the samples during the vacuum deposition enhances the crystallinity of the SSHC, obtaining a preferential orientation along the π–π stacking direction. These results may represent a milestone toward the full vacuum processing of hybrid organic halide PSCs as well as light‐emitting diodes, with promising impacts on the development of durable devices. The microstructure, purity, and crystallinity of the vacuum sublimated Spiro‐OMeTAD layers are fully elucidated by applying an unparalleled set of complementary characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering and grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy.
Vacancy in Ultrathin 2D Nanomaterials toward Sustainable Energy Application
Authors: Bai Fan , Xu Liang , Zhai Xiaoying , Chen Xu , Yang Wensheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe unique physicochemical properties of (2D) nanomaterials make them well‐suited for use in sustainable energy applications. Many of these materials can be further improved with vacancy engineering. This review details recent progress in the vacancy engineering of ultrathin 2D nanomaterials. For clarity, it mainly focuses on various ultrathin 2D materials in three categories: Xa&XaYb‐, MaXb‐, or MaXbYc‐structured materials. Recently developed vacancies in different types of ultrathin 2D materials, as well as their preparation and characterization, are described. Emphasis is placed on the potential electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications of these materials. This review considers the relationship between vacancy properties and material categories of various ultrathin 2D materials in terms of application requirements, preparation, and characterization techniques. The challenges and future outlook of this promising field are summarized.
Medically actionable comorbidities in adults with Costello syndrome
Authors: Shikany Amy R. , Baker Laura , Stabley Deborah L. , Robbins Katherine , Doyle Daniel , Gripp Karen W. , Weaver K. Nicole 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCostello syndrome (CS) is an autosomal‐dominant condition caused by activating missense mutations in HRAS. There is little literature describing health concerns specific to adults with CS. Parents of individuals with CS need to know what to anticipate as their children age. We surveyed a group of 20 adults and older adolescents with CS regarding their medical concerns and lifestyle characteristics. We identified several previously undescribed actionable medical concerns in adults with CS. First, the high prevalence of anxiety in this cohort indicates that screening for anxiety is warranted since this is a treatable condition that can have a significant impact on quality of life. Second, adults with CS should be monitored for progressive contractures or other problems that could decrease mobility. This is especially important in a population that seems to have increased risk for osteopenia. Finally, the lack of cancer diagnoses in adulthood is of interest, although the cohort is too small to draw definitive conclusions about cancer risk in adults with CS. Ongoing follow‐up of the current cohort of adults with CS is necessary to delineate progressive medical and physical problems, which is essential for providing targeted management recommendations and anticipatory guidance to families.
The Structure of Sub‐nm Platinum Clusters at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Henninen Trond R. , Bon Marta , Wang Feng , Passerone Daniele , Erni Rolf 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLittle is known about metallic clusters consisting merely of a dozen of atoms or even less, despite of their importance in catalysis and crystal nucleation. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) provides direct atomic structure information but has inherently suffered from limited time resolution. We employ fast dynamic STEM combined with a spatio‐temporal image denoising algorithm to explore the structure and stability of Pt clusters on carbon, which represents a highly relevant catalysis system. At room temperature, dynamic amorphous 2D structures are found, while above ≈300 °C, the clusters transform into a crystalline state. Our experimental and theoretical data reveal an unexpected strong trend of the crystalline clusters to exhibit the face‐centered cubic, bulk structure of Pt with cuboidal geometries being most prominent.
Steric Mixed‐Cation 2D Perovskite as a Methylammonium Locker to Stabilize MAPbI3
Authors: Wang Xingtao , Wang Yong , Zhang Taiyang , Liu Xiaomin , Zhao Yixin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe reduced dimension perovskite including 2D perovskites are one of the most promising strategies to stabilize lead halide perovskite. A mixed‐cation 2D perovskite based on a steric phenyltrimethylammonium (PTA) cation is presented. The PTA‐MA mixed‐cation 2D perovskite of PTAMAPbI4 can be formed on the surface of MAPbI3 (PTAI‐MAPbI3) by controllable PTAI intercalation by either spin coating or soaking. The PTAMAPbI4 capping layer can not only passivate PTAI‐MAPbI3 perovskite but also act as MA+ locker to inhibit MAI extraction and significantly enhance the stability. The highly stable PTAI‐MAPbI3 based perovskite solar cells exhibit a reproducible photovoltaic performance with a champion PCE of 21.16 %. Such unencapsulated devices retain 93 % of initial efficiency after 500 h continuous illumination. This steric mixed‐cation 2D perovskite as MA+ locker to stabilize the MAPbI3 is a promising strategy to design stable and high‐performance hybrid lead halide perovskites.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of 5‐(Aryl)dibenzothiophenium Triflates
Authors: Kafuta Kevin , Korzun André , Böhm Marvin , Golz Christopher , Alcarazo Manuel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA synthetic protocol for the preparation of 5‐(aryl)dibenzothiophenium salts starting from inexpensive dibenzothiophene S‐oxide and simple arenes is reported. The scope of the method regarding the nature of the arene is evaluated, intermediates along the reaction sequence have been trapped, and side‐reactions identified. In addition, the X‐ray structures of a complete set of these salts are reported and their reactivities studied. Specifically, chemoselective Suzuki coupling is observed at the dibenzothiophenium in the presence of iodides.
Chiral Supramolecular Nanotubes of Single‐Chain Magnets
Authors: Houard Felix , Evrard Quentin , Calvez Guillaume , Suffren Yan , Daiguebonne Carole , Guillou Olivier , Gendron Frédéric , Le Guennic Boris , Guizouarn Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Mannini Matteo , Bernot Kevin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report a single‐chain magnet (SCM) made of a terbium(III) building block and a nitronyl‐nitroxide radical (NIT) functionalized with an aliphatic chain. This substitution is targeted to induce a long‐range distortion of the polymeric chain and accordingly it gives rise to chains that are curled with almost 20 nm helical pitch. They self‐organize as a chiral tubular superstructure made of 11 chains wound around each other. The supramolecular tubes have a 4.5 nm internal diameter. Overall, this forms a porous chiral network with almost 44 % porosity. Ab initio calculations highlight that each TbIII ion possesses high magnetic anisotropy. Indeed, notwithstanding the supramolecular arrangement each chain behaves as a SCM. Magnetic relaxation with both finite and infinite‐size regimes is observed and confirms the validity of the Ising approximation. This is associated with quite strong coercive field and magnetic remanence (Hc=2400 Oe MR=2.09 μB at 0.5 K) for this class of compounds.
Comparison of the improved processes for amyl acetate synthesis by reactive distillation in different operating modes
Authors: Zhang Qingrui , Liu Yan , Guo Tong , Xu Pengfei , Wang Yujun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe application of heat integrated technology can decrease the energy consumption of the reactive distillation process but also increase the coupling degree, which means that the trouble of control is increased. As the improved process of the conventional reactive distillation (CRD) process with excess reactant feed, the design and control of a reactive dividing‐wall column (RDWC) process are explored for synthesizing amyl acetate. The results indicate that the TAC exhibits 12.15% savings compared with the CRD process and robust control is implemented in control schemes CS2 and CS3. In the analysis of the dynamic response results, a novel analytical method is applied, which includes a comprehensive analysis of the vapour flow rate and conversion rate. In addition, the economics and controllability of the two improved processes for synthesizing amyl acetate are compared that involve the different pressure thermally coupled reactive distillation (DPT‐RD) and RDWC processes. The comparison results indicate that the steady‐state economics of the RDWC process are less than those of the DPT‐RD process, but the RDWC process is more applicable industrially in terms of controllability, in which only the tray temperature control is required.
Experimental investigations on spray flames and emissions analysis of diesel and diesel/biodiesel blends for combustion in oxy‐fuel burner
Authors: ElKelawy Medhat , Bastawissi Hagar Alm‐Eldin , El‐Shenawy El‐Shenawy A. , Panchal Hitesh , Sadashivuni Kishorkumar , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Al‐Hofy Mahmoud , Thakar Nishant , Walvekar Rashmi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPresent research work shows the emissions and flame analysis of oxy‐fuel combustion of diesel and diesel/biodiesel blends in the experimental test burner manufactured in Mechanical power engineering laboratory at Tanta University, Egypt. Diesel and a mixture of diesel and biodiesel (B0, B10, B20, B30, and B40) used as a fuel with the effect of pure air and oxy‐combustion. Different emission parameters (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons, NOx, and soot opacity) and the flame parameters (flame cone angle and flame length) were also studied. It has been found that the emission parameters and the flame temperature are higher in diesel fuel than diesel and biodiesel blends for pure air combustion and oxy‐combustion. It has also been found that flame parameters (the flame cone angle and flame penetration length) decreased by adding the oxygen into the charged air and increased by increasing the biodiesel mass percentage. The complete combustion of the fuel blends will dramatically increase the flame temperature due to the presence of a sufficient amount of oxygen for the early chemical reaction between fuel and oxidizer. These results indicated that the biodiesel could be the best alternative as well as an environmentally friendly fuel for diesel engines.
A comparison of coagulation and gelation on the structures and stabilization behaviors of polyacrylonitrile fibers
Authors: Wei Huiqing , Suo Xidong , Lu Chunxiang , Liu Yaodong 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe fiber spinning methods determine the formation of the physical structures of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers which further affect stabilization reactions and the mechanical performances of the resultant carbon fibers. In this study, PAN fibers were prepared by both dry‐jet gel spinning (g‐PAN) and dry‐jet wet spinning (w‐PAN), and their stabilization behaviors were compared. While the stabilized w‐PAN fibers show sheath‐core structures, the stabilized g‐PAN fibers exhibit relatively uniform stabilized structures along the radial direction. Additionally, the stabilization reactions of g‐PAN fibers occur faster than that of w‐PAN fibers, and the cyclization, oxidation, and crosslinking reaction activation energies of g‐PAN fibers are lower than that of w‐PAN fibers, respectively. Moreover, the carbon yield of g‐PAN is higher than that of w‐PAN fibers. We believe that above changes are possibly ascribed to the formation of different PAN sheath structures and oriented chain structures during dry‐jet wet spinning and dry‐jet gel spinning. It is concluded that gel spinning could significantly reduce the sheath‐core difference of PAN fibers and the stabilized fibers as compared with wet spinning, which leads to a faster stabilization and more uniform stabilized structures. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,137, 48671.
Gular pouch diversity in the Chamaeleonidae
Authors: Huskey Steve , Tegge Samuel M. , Anderson Christopher V. , Smith Michael E. , Barnett Kenneth 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNumerous chameleon species possess an out‐pocketing of the trachea known as the gular pouch. After surveying more than 250 specimens, representing nine genera and 44 species, we describe two different morphs of the gular pouch. Species of the genera Bradypodion and Chamaeleo, as well as Trioceros goetzei, all possess a single gular pouch (morph one) formed from ventral expansion of soft tissue where the larynx and trachea meet. Furcifer oustaleti and Furcifer verrucosus possess from one to four gular pouches (morph two) formed by the expansion of soft tissue between sequential hyaline cartilage rings of the trachea. In Trioceros melleri, examples of both morphs of the gular pouch were observed. Morphometric data are presented for 100 animals representing eight species previously known to possess a gular pouch and two additional species, Bradypodion thamnobates and Bradypodion transvaalense. In the species with the absolutely and relatively largest gular pouch, Chamaeleo calyptratus, a significant difference was found between sexes in its width and volume, but not its length. In C. calyptratus, we show that an inflated gular pouch is in contact with numerous hyoid muscles and the tongue. Coupled with the knowledge that C. calyptratus generates vibrations from the throat region, we posit that the tongue (M. accelerator linguae and M. hyoglossus) and supporting hyoid muscles (i.e., Mm. sternohyoideus profundus et superficialis and Mm. mandibulohyoideus) are involved in the production of vibrations to produce biotremors that are amplified by the inflated gular pouch and used in substrate‐borne communication.
Microplastics: What Drinking Water Utilities Need to Know
Authors: Smith Emily , Dziewatkoski Michael , Henrie Tarrah , Seidel Chad , Rosen Jeffrey 
Published: November 2019

Key TakeawaysConsumers are becoming more concerned with microplastics in water, so utilities should start thinking about methods to identify and address them.Although there is a lot of research on microplastics in marine environments, there isn't much research yet with drinking water.To address microplastics, utilities should establish sampling and analytical techniques, identify treatment methods, and implement communications strategies.
Theoretical Soil and Surface Loading Capacity of Buried Copper Tubing
Authors: Frazee Glenn R. 
Published: November 2019

Key TakeawaysTwo failure modes for buried smooth‐wall steel pipe are described in AWWA Manual M11; it's likely that these failure modes would also apply to buried copper tubing.This article explores how analysis methods and acceptance criteria for buried steel piping can be used to understand the practical implications for buried copper tubing.Buried copper tubing for water service typically has a large overburden capacity and for the most part shouldn't require explicit evaluation for soil and surface surcharge.
Evaluating the Catalytic Potential of a General RNA‐Cleaving FANA Enzyme
Authors: Wang Yajun , Vorperian Alexander , Shehabat Mouhamad , Chaput John C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe discovery of synthetic genetic polymers (XNAs) with catalytic activity demonstrates that natural genetic polymers are not unique in their ability to function as enzymes. However, all known examples of in vitro selected XNA enzymes function with lower activity than their natural counterparts, suggesting that XNAs might be limited in their ability to fold into structures with high catalytic activity. To explore this problem, we evaluated the catalytic potential of FANAzyme 12–7, an RNA‐cleaving catalyst composed entirely of 2′‐fluoroarabino nucleic acid (FANA) that was evolved to cleave RNA at a specific phosphodiester bond located between an unpaired guanine and a paired uracil in the substrate recognition arm. Here, we show that this activity extends to chimeric DNA substrates that contain a central riboguanosine (riboG) residue at the cleavage site. Surprisingly, FANAzyme 12–7 rivals known DNAzymes that were previously evolved to cleave chimeric DNA substrates under physiological conditions. These data provide convincing evidence that FANAzyme 12–7 maintains the catalytic potential of equivalent DNAzymes, which has important implications for the evolution of XNA catalysts and their contributions to future applications in synthetic biology.