bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients with uncommon EGFR mutations: A multicenter observational study
Authors: Kanazu Masaki , Mori Masahide , Kimura Madoka , Nishino Kazumi , Shiroyama Takayuki , Nagatomo Izumi , Ihara Shoichi , Komuta Kiyoshi , Suzuki Hidekazu , Hirashima Tomonori , Kumagai Toru , Imamura Fumio 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) therapy is the standard treatment for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring common EGFR mutations, such as exon 19 deletion or L858 point mutation. However, the effectiveness of EGFR‐TKIs for patients with uncommon EGFR mutations remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively surveyed a consecutive database of NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations at five participating institutions. Data from NSCLC patients with uncommon mutations (including single or compound mutations), who were treated with systemic therapy between May 2016 and October 2018, were collected and analyzed.ResultsA total of 23 of the 524 patients whose data were collected had uncommon EGFR mutations. Of these, 22 received EGFR‐TKIs (gefitinib = 6, erlotinib = 4, and afatinib = 12). Patients who received first EGFR‐TKIs had overall response and disease control rates of 59.1% and 81.8%, respectively. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) of patients with G719X mutation (n = 13, median PFS = 32.9 months) was favorable, compared with those of patients with L861Q mutation (n = 4, median PFS = 6.4 months) and compound mutations (n = 4, median PFS = 7.3 months). The PFS of patients who received first‐ and second‐generation EGFR‐TKIs was 14.0 months (n = 10) and 7.3 months (n = 12), respectively. The median cumulative duration of treatment (DOT) with EGFR‐TKIs was 30.4 months, which was longer than those of cytotoxic chemotherapy (median DOT = 10.7 months) or immune checkpoint inhibitors (median DOT = 6.6 months).ConclusionsEGFR‐TKIs elicit favorable responses and contribute to long‐term disease control in NSCLC patients with uncommon EGFR mutations.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study: Our results demonstrate that both first‐ and second‐generation EGFR‐TKIs elicit favorable responses in NSCLC patients with uncommon EGFR mutations.What this study adds This study revealed all clinical courses for NSCLC patients with uncommon EGFR mutations. In addition to EGFR‐TKIs, CCT and ICIs were found to contribute to long‐term disease control in this cohort.
What Is a Good Rank? The Effort and Performance Effects of Adding Performance Category Labels to Relative Performance Information*
Authors: Knauer Thorsten , Sommer Friedrich , Wöhrmann Arnt 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTPrior research demonstrates that relative performance information affects effort and performance. However, little is known about the qualitative design parameters of these information systems. This study examines, via an experiment, how adding performance category labels to ranks (e.g., “good” ranking position and “poor” ranking position) affects effort and performance. Furthermore, we investigate the effort and performance effects of two design choices observed in practice: the type of performance category labels and the proportion of positively labeled ranks. We argue that performance category labels motivate greater effort and performance through competition for status, which varies with both the type of performance category labels and the proportion of positively labeled ranks. We find partial support for our hypothesis that adding performance category labels increases effort and performance. Specifically, we find positive effects if top ranks are positively labeled and bottom ranks are negatively labeled (combined labels) but not if only top ranks are labeled (positive‐only labels). We also find as predicted that the positive effects on effort resulting from using combined labels, instead of positive‐only labels, are stronger when the proportion of positively labeled ranks is larger. The results for performance are weaker. Our results shed new light on the usefulness of performance category labels and emphasize how firms can render relative performance information more effective.
Improving Complex Audit Judgments: A Framework and Evidence*†
Authors: Griffith Emily E. , Kadous Kathryn , Young Donald 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTRegulators and researchers provide evidence that auditors' judgment quality is problematic in complex audit tasks. We introduce a framework for improving auditor judgment in these tasks. The framework builds on dual‐process theory to recognize that high‐quality judgment in complex tasks requires that auditors (i) possess the knowledge needed for the task, (ii) recognize the need for analytical (versus heuristic) processing, and (iii) have sufficient cognitive capacity to complete the analytical processing. Based on the framework, we predict that auditors' need for cognition (NFC), a characteristic theoretically linked to recognizing the need for analytical processing, is associated with higher quality complex judgments. Analysis of 11 studies supports this assertion. We demonstrate the usefulness of the framework by predicting and finding that priming auditors with an accuracy goal improves judgments, particularly for lower NFC auditors, who are less likely to spontaneously engage in analytical processing. The framework facilitates systematic development of interventions to improve auditor judgment by highlighting that solutions should address the specific conditions causing judgment problems.
Acoustic indices perform better when applied at ecologically meaningful time and frequency scales
Authors: Metcalf Oliver C. , Barlow Jos , Devenish Christian , Marsden Stuart , Berenguer Erika , Lees Alexander C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Acoustic indices are increasingly employed in the analysis of soundscapes to ascertain biodiversity value. However, conflicting results and lack of consensus on best practices for their usage has hindered their application in conservation and land‐use management contexts. Here we propose that the sensitivity of acoustic indices to ecological change and fidelity of acoustic indices to ecological communities are negatively impacted by signal masking. Signal masking can occur when acoustic responses of taxa sensitive to the effect of interest are masked by less‐sensitive acoustic groups, or target taxa sonification is masked by non‐target noise. We argue that by calculating acoustic indices at ecologically appropriate time and frequency bins, masking effects can be reduced and the efficacy of indices increased.

We test this on a large acoustic dataset collected in Eastern Amazonia spanning a disturbance gradient of undisturbed, logged, burned, logged‐and‐burned and secondary forests. We calculated values for two acoustic indices: the Acoustic Complexity Index and the Bioacoustic Index, across the entire frequency spectrum (0–22.1 kHz), and four narrower subsets of the frequency spectrum; at dawn, day, dusk and night.

We show that signal masking has a large impact on the sensitivity of acoustic indices to forest disturbance classes. Calculating acoustic indices at a range of narrower time–frequency bins substantially increases the classification accuracy of forest classes by random forest models. Furthermore, signal masking led to misleading correlations, including spurious inverse correlations, between biodiversity indicator metrics and acoustic index values compared to correlations derived from manual sampling of the audio data.

Consequently, we recommend that acoustic indices are calculated either at a range of time and frequency bins, or at a single narrow bin, predetermined by a priori ecological understanding of the soundscape.
The prognostic value of aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐lymphocyte ratio index in early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: A propensity‐score matched analysis
Authors: Chen Yanyu , He Chao , Wen Tianfu , Yan Lvnan , Yang Jiayin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn elevated preoperative aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐lymphocyte ratio index (ALRI) may predict poor survival in various cancers. However, the prognostic value of aminotransferase‐to‐lymphocyte ratio index (ALRI) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be determined.Materials and methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among 983 patients with HCC in our hospital from February 2007 to March 2016. A propensity‐score matching (PSM) was performed to correct the selection bias and confounding factors. The risk of death and recurrence was plotted over aminotransferase‐to‐lymphocyte ratio index (ALRI) using the locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS)‐smoothed fit curve. Time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan–Meier method analysis was utilized to the role of aminotransferase‐to‐lymphocyte ratio index (ALRI) in HCC. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS).ResultsWith the increase of aminotransferase‐to‐lymphocyte ratio index (ALRI), the risk of recurrence and death in HCC patients increases. In time‐dependent ROC analysis, the AUC of aminotransferase‐to‐lymphocyte ratio index (ALRI) for predicting 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year OS were 0.668 (95% CI: 0.596‐0.740), 0.605 (95% CI: 0.560‐0.649) and 0.613 (95% CI: 0.570‐0.656), respective. The AUC of aminotransferase‐to‐lymphocyte ratio index (ALRI) for predicting 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year RFS were 0.598 (95% CI: 0.555‐0.641), 0.590 (95% CI: 0.552‐0.628) and 0.604 (95% CI: 0.562‐0.646), respectively. HCC patients with high aminotransferase‐to‐lymphocyte ratio index (ALRI) had a poor overall survival. Moreover, cox regression analysis revealed that aminotransferase‐to‐lymphocyte ratio index (ALRI) was an independent factor affecting the prognosis of HCC patients.ConclusionsElevated preoperative aminotransferase‐to‐lymphocyte ratio index (ALRI) is a noninvasive, simple, and effective predictor in the prognosis of patients with HCC.
Prospective association of maternal immune pro‐inflammatory responsivity and regulation in pregnancy with length of gestation
Authors: Gyllenhammer Lauren E. , Entringer Sonja , Buss Claudia , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Grobman William A. , Adam Emma K. , Keenan‐Devlin Lauren , Borders Ann E. , Wadhwa Pathik D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProblemThe immune system represents a leading pathway of interest in the pathophysiology of preterm birth. The majority of human clinical studies interrogating this pathway have utilized circulating immune biomarkers; however, these concentrations typically reflect only basal production but not key functional properties of the immune system, particularly variation in the pro‐inflammatory response to antigen challenge and the regulation of this response. Thus, in this study, we utilized an ex vivo stimulation protocol that quantifies these processes, and we examined their prospective association with the gestation length and risk of preterm birth.Method of StudyImmune responsiveness and regulation were assessed in 128 pregnant women in mid‐gestation using an ex vivo stimulation protocol. Maternal pro‐inflammatory responsivity of leukocytes was quantified by assessing the release of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β in response to antigen stimulation, and regulation of the pro‐inflammatory response was quantified by assessing the suppression of stimulated cytokine response upon co‐incubation with increasing dexamethasone concentrations (ie, glucocorticoid receptor resistance; GRR).ResultsHigher maternal GRR, indicating impaired regulation of the pro‐inflammatory response, was significantly and independently associated with shorter gestational length (β = −0.42, p = .0091) and a 3.0‐fold increase in risk for preterm birth (OR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.17–7.70, p = .0218). Basal circulating IL‐6 and TNF‐α were not associated with either outcome.ConclusionThe association of maternal GRR with length of gestation and preterm birth risk suggests that the processes represented by this measure—maternal pro‐inflammatory propensity and immune regulation—may provide further mechanistic insight into the pathophysiology of preterm birth.
Laser trabeculoplasty in newly diagnosed multi‐treated glaucoma patients
Authors: Rasmuson Erika , Bengtsson Boel , Lindén Christina , Heijl Anders , Aspberg Johan , Andersson‐Geimer Sabina , Jóhannesson Gauti 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)‐lowering effect of laser trabeculoplasty (LTP) in eyes which IOP had been substantially reduced by intensive topical treatment for one week.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed open‐angle glaucoma were randomized to treatment with three IOP‐lowering substances. One week later, 360° argon or selective LTP was performed. IOP was measured before LTP and at one‐, three‐, six‐ and 12‐month post‐LTP. The patients were part of the Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study (GITS).ResultsMean IOP (± SD) in 152 eyes of 122 patients was 14.0 (± 3.5) mmHg just before LTP. For every mmHg higher IOP prior to LTP, the IOP was reduced by an additional 0.6 mmHg at 12 months. The IOP was significantly reduced at all follow‐up visits from −2.6 (± 3.1) mmHg at one month to −2.1 (± 3.8) mmHg at 12 months in eyes with pre‐LTP IOP ≥ 15 mmHg, while no significant IOP reduction was seen in eyes with pre‐LTP IOP < 15 mmHg. Older age, argon LTP and male sex were associated with larger IOP reduction after 12 months, whereas presence of exfoliation syndrome was associated with a smaller IOP reduction. No severe complications were reported.ConclusionSuccess of LTP was highly dependent on the IOP level prior to LTP treatment. A sustained significant IOP reduction was seen in eyes with pre‐LTP IOP ≥ 15 mmHg whereas no such effect was seen in eyes with pre‐LTP IOP < 15 mmHg. Thus, LTP can be considered in eyes with multi‐treatment when target pressure of < 15 mmHg is not achieved.
Epidemiology and outcomes of hyphema: a single tertiary centre experience of 180 cases
Authors: Iftikhar Mustafa , Mir Tahreem , Seidel Natalie , Rice Katya , Trang Michelle , Bhowmik Ryan , Chun Justin , Goldberg Morton F. , Woreta Fasika A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo characterize the epidemiology and outcomes of hyphema.MethodsRetrospective case series. Medical records from patients with traumatic and spontaneous hyphema seen at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins, from 2011 through 2017 were evaluated. Aetiology, demographics, clinical characteristics, complications, management and outcomes were ascertained. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), rebleeding and poor outcome (final visual acuity ≤ 20/40) in traumatic hyphema. A safe frequency of follow‐up was retrospectively determined.ResultsTraumatic hyphema (n = 152) was more common in males (78%) and adults (55%), with sports/recreational activities being the most frequent cause (40%). Elevated IOP was the most common complication (39%). Rebleeding occurred in seven patients (5%) and was more likely with a higher IOP on presentation (OR:1.1; p = 0.004). Thirty‐seven patients (24%) had a poor outcome, mostly due to traumatic sequelae such as cataract (32%) or posterior segment involvement (30%). A poor outcome was more likely with worse presenting visual acuity (OR: 9.1; p = 0.001), rebleeding (OR: 37.5; p = 0.035) and age > 60 years (OR: 16.0; p = 0.041). Spontaneous hyphema (n = 28) did not have a gender predominance and was more common in adults > 60 years (71%). The most common cause was iris neovascularization (61%). Complications and visual outcomes were worse compared with traumatic hyphema.ConclusionsTraumatic hyphema continues to be common in young males engaging in sports, necessitating increased awareness for preventive eyewear. Older age and rebleeding can lead to poor outcomes. Elevated IOP at presentation predisposes to rebleeding and warrants frequent follow‐up. Otherwise, routine follow‐up at days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 is sufficient for uncomplicated cases.
Comprehensive analysis of genetic and clinical characteristics of 30 patients with X‐linked juvenile retinoschisis in China
Authors: Gao Feng‐Juan , Dong Jian‐Hong , Wang Dan‐Dan , Chen Fang , Hu Fang‐Yuan , Chang Qing , Xu Ping , Liu Wei , Li Jian‐Kang , Huang Ying , Wu Ji‐Hong , Xu Ge‐Zhi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo provides the clinical and genetic characteristics of a series of Chinese patients with X‐linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) through multimodal imaging and next‐generation sequencing.MethodsThirty patients (60 eyes) from 29 unrelated families of Chinese origin with XLRS were screened using multigene panel testing, and underwent a complete clinical evaluation. All variants identified in this study and reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database were analysed.ResultsTwenty‐five distinct variants in the retinoschisin gene were identified, of which eight were novel, and one was de novo. Missense mutations were the most prevalent type, and mutation hot spot was localized in the discoidin domain. The mean Snellen best‐corrected visual acuity was 0.28 ± 0.17. Of all eyes presenting with schisis, 92.86% had lamellar schisis and 62.5% had peripheral schisis. Schisis changes mostly involved inner and outer nuclear layers. X‐linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) patients had a high incidence of complications, and peripheral schisis was a risk factor for it. No obvious genotype–phenotype association was observed.ConclusionThis study provides comprehensive analyses of the genetic and clinical characteristics of XLRS in a cohort of Chinese patients. The fourth de novo mutation in RS1 was identified. And we show that XLRS has a wide spectrum of clinical characteristics; hence, molecular diagnosis is crucial for its diagnosis, differential diagnosis and genetic counselling. Peripheral schisis is a risk factor for the high incidence of complications, and no clear genotype–phenotype correlations were found.
COVID‐19: A Case for Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome, Suppression of Inflammation with Curcumin?
Authors: Saeedi‐Boroujeni Ali , Mahmoudian‐Sani Mohammad‐Reza , Bahadoram Mohammad , Alghasi Arash 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCurcumin is the effective ingredient of turmeric, sometimes used as a painkiller in traditional medicine. It has extensive biological properties such as anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities. SARS‐CoV‐2 is a betacoronavirus developing severe pneumonitis. Inflammasome is one of the most important components of innate immunity, which exacerbates inflammation by increasing IL‐1β and IL‐18 production. Studies on viral infections have shown overactivity of inflammasome and thus the occurrence of destructive and systemic inflammation in patients. NLRP3 inflammasome has been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. The proliferation of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a wide range of cells can be combined with numerous observations of direct and indirect activation of inflammasome by other coronaviruses. Activation of the inflammasome is likely to be involved in the formation of cytokine storm. Curcumin regulates several molecules in the intracellular signal transduction pathways involved in inflammation, including IBB, NF‐kBERK1,2, AP‐1, TGF‐β, TXNIP, STAT3, PPARγ, JAK2‐STAT3, NLRP3, p38MAPK, Nrf2, Notch‐1, AMPK, TLR‐4 and MyD‐88. Due to anti‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammasome properties without any special side effects, curcumin can potentially play a role in the treatment of COVID‐19 infection along with other drug regimens.
Constructivist educational technology: Re‐examining the foundations and state of the literature
Authors: Lemay David John , Doleck Tenzin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith this special section, we hope to draw attention to educational technology designed for expanding human capability, that is, educational technology for accelerating and enabling our range of knowledge and agency. The four contributions to our special issue include the development of a location‐based history teaching app, a STEM inquiry platform, using Knowledge Forum for teaching self‐reflective practice to pre‐service teachers using as well as a review of computer‐supported collaborative learning. These special section articles show the promise of constructivist educational technology for expanding horizons.
Protection against light‐induced retinal degeneration via dual anti‐inflammatory and anti‐angiogenic functions of thrombospondin‐1
Authors: Ju Yahan , Tang Zhimin , Dai Xiaochan , Gao Huiqin , Zhang Jing , Liu Yan , Yang Yanan , Ni Ni , Zhang Dandan , Wang Yuyao , Sun Na , Yin Luqiao , Luo Min , Zhang Jianhua , Gu Ping 
Published: October 2020

Background and PurposeRetinal photodamage is a high‐risk factor for age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. However, both the pathogenesis and effective therapies for retinal photodamage are still unclear and debated.Experimental ApproachThe anti‐inflammatory effects of thrombospondin‐1 on blue light‐induced inflammation in ARPE‐19 cells and in retinal inflammation were evaluated. Furthermore, the anti‐angiogenic effects of thrombospondin‐1 on human microvascular endothelial cells (hMEC‐1 cells) and a laser‐induced choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) mouse model were evaluated. in vitro experiments, including western blotting, immunocytochemistry, migration assays and tube formation assays, as well as in vivo experiments, including immunofluorescence, visual electrophysiology, spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography, were employed to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐angiogenic effects of thrombospondin‐1.Key ResultsSpecific effects of blue light‐induced retinal inflammation and pathological angiogenesis were reflected by up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory factors and activation of angiogenic responses, predominantly regulated by the NF‐κB and VEGFR2 pathways respectively. During the blue light‐induced pathological progress, THBS‐1 derived from retinal pigment epithelium down‐regulated proteomics and biological assays. Thrombospondin‐1 treatment also suppressed inflammatory infiltration and neovascular leakage. The protective effect of Thrombospondin‐1 was additionally demonstrated by a substantial rescue of visual function. Mechanistically, thrombospondin‐1 reversed blue light‐induced retinal inflammation and angiogenesis by blocking the activated NF‐κB and VEGFR2 pathways, respectively.Conclusion and ImplicationsThrombospondin‐1, with dual anti‐inflammatory and anti‐neovascularisation properties, is a promising agent for protection against blue light‐induced retinal damage and retinal degenerative disorders which are pathologically associated with inflammatory and angiogenic progress.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Inflammation, Repair and Ageing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.9/issuetoc
Do potential migrants internalize migrant rights in OECD host societies?
Authors: Beine Michel , Machado Joël , Ruyssen Ilse 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes how countries’ provision of migrant rights affects potential migrants’ destination choice. Combining data on bilateral migration desires from over 140 origin countries and data on migrant rights in 38 mainly OECD destination countries over the period 2007–2014, we find that potential migrants tend to favour destinations that are more open to the inclusion of immigrants into their society. In particular, better access to and conditions on the labour market as well as access to nationality and to permanent residency significantly increase the perceived attractiveness of a destination country. These results are robust across different specifications and hold for subsamples of origin countries as well as of destinations. Moreover, some results vary across types of respondents. Educational opportunities for migrants, for instance, affect the migration desires of individuals aged 15 to 24, but less so of individuals in other age groups.