bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relaxing music reduces blood pressure and heart rate among pre‐hypertensive young adults: A randomized control trial
Authors: Mir Imtiyaz Ali , Chowdhury Moniruddin , Islam Rabiul Md , Ling Goh Yee , Chowdhury Alauddin A. B. M. , Hasan Zobaer Md , Higashi Yukihito 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrevalence of pre‐hypertension is higher among young adults and may increase the risk for hypertension and cardiovascular morbidity. Music therapy has been investigated to reduce the blood pressure in the hypertensive population; however, its efficacy on blood pressure in pre‐hypertensive young adults is not known. Thirty pre‐hypertensive (systolic blood pressure [SBP] = 120‐139 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] = 80‐89 mmHg) young adults were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups. Music group (N = 15) received music therapy by passive listening to music for 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks, along with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan (a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, low‐fat dairy or unsaturated fat) and limit the daily sodium intake less than 100 mmol/day. The control group (N = 15) practiced only DASH eating plan and sodium restriction. The SBP, DBP, and heart rate (HR) were measured before and after 4 weeks of intervention. There was a significant reduction in SBP (8.73 mmHg, p < .001) and HR (6.42 beats/minute, p = .002); however, the reduction in DBP (1.44 mmHg, p = .101) was not statistically significant in the music group. Control group did not exhibit any significant reduction in SBP (0.21 mmHg, p < .836), DBP (0.81 mmHg, p < .395) and HR (0.09 beats/minute, p < .935). In conclusion, music therapy reduced significantly SBP and HR suggesting that it could be a promising tool to prevent the progression of pre‐hypertension toward hypertension among young adults.
Impairment in the telocyte/CD34+ stromal cell network in human rheumatoid arthritis synovium
Authors: Rosa Irene , Faussone‐Pellegrini Maria Simonetta , Romano Eloisa , Ibba‐Manneschi Lidia , Matucci‐Cerinic Marco , Manetti Mirko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTelocytes (TCs)/CD34+ stromal cells have recently emerged as peculiar interstitial cells detectable in a variety of organs throughout the human body. TCs are typically arranged in networks establishing unique spatial relationships with neighbour cells and likely contributing to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis by both cell‐to‐cell contacts and releasing extracellular vesicles. Hence, TC defects are being increasingly reported in different pathologies, such as chronic inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. In this regard, TCs/CD34+ stromal cells have been shown to constitute an intricate interstitial network in the subintimal area of the normal human synovial membrane, but whether they are altered in chronic synovitis has yet to be explored. We therefore undertook a morphologic study to compare the distribution of TCs/CD34+ stromal cells between normal synovium and chronically inflamed synovium from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by using CD34 immunohistochemistry and CD31/CD34 double immunofluorescence. CD34 immunostaining revealed that, at variance with normal synovium, the inflamed and hyperplastic RA synovial tissue was nearly or even completely devoid of TCs/CD34+ stromal cells. Double immunofluorescence confirmed that almost all CD34+ tissue components detectable in RA synovium were blood vessels coexpressing CD31, while a widespread network of CD31−/CD34+ TCs was clearly evident in the whole sublining layer of normal synovium. In the context of the emerging diverse roles of TCs/CD34+ stromal cells in the regulation of tissue homeostasis and structure, the remarkable impairment in their networks herein uncovered in RA synovium may suggest important pathophysiologic implications that will be worth investigating further.
SARS‐CoV‐2 not found in pressure injury exudates from COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Yu Nanze , Zhang Yuwei , Xiao Meng , Cao Wei , Zhang Yan , Yang Yang , Liu Zhengyin , Li Yunzhu , Long Xiao , Liu Zhifei , Zhang Shuyang , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of COVID‐19 has become a global health emergency. The transmissibility of the disease is of great interest to healthcare workers and scientists alike. The primary route of transmission is via respiratory droplets, but viral RNA has also been found in feces and body fluids such as urine, serum, and semen. So far, there has been no report on whether SARS‐CoV‐2 is present in the exudates of cutaneous lesions. This study was designed to investigate whether SARS‐CoV‐2 can be found in the pressure injury exudates in patients with severe COVID‐19 infections.Methods46 critically ill COVID‐19 patients who were admitted to the ICU of the Sino‐French New City Branch of Tongji Hospital in Wuhan between February 4 and April 12 developed pressure injuries. 22 patients with pressure injuries had wound exudates. Wound and pharyngeal swabs of the 22 patients were collected and RT‐PCRs were conducted to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 viral RNA.ResultsAt the time of pressure injury, 5 patients still tested positive by pharyngeal swabs, the rest of the 17 patients tested negative. However, none of the wound exudate swabs from the participants tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 by RT‐PCR.ConclusionOur study suggests that it is rather unlikely that COVID‐19 can be transmitted via pressure injury exudates, but we still recommend standardized personal protective equipment, face shield and an additional pair of gloves when treating pressure injuries.
A new therapeutic communication model “TAGEET” to help nurses engage therapeutically with patients suspected of or confirmed with COVID‐19
Authors: McCarthy Bridie , O’Donovan Moira , Trace Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo design and present a new communication model “TAGEET” to help nurses engage therapeutically with patients suspected of or confirmed with COVID‐19.BackgroundCOVID‐19 is a highly contagious disease that brings with it fear and anxiety for all involved inclusive of nurses and patients. New guidelines for nurses to follow such as attention to physical distance coupled with the wearing of defined personal protective equipment, gloves, long‐sleeved disposable gown, FFP2 face mask and eye protection place additional strain on nurses to engage therapeutically with patients. Evidence suggests that the wearing of face masks and personal protective equipment acts as barriers to effective therapeutic engagement with patients. We found an absence of communication models to help nurses engage therapeutically with patients.DesignThis is a position paper that draws on previous research to inform the design of a new model for nurses to engage therapeutically with patients suspected of or confirmed with COVID‐19.MethodWe reviewed the literature on caring for patients in isolation, the barriers to therapeutic communication and the psychological impact of infectious diseases on nurses and patients.ConclusionRemaining emotionally present to self, whilst being present to others can be challenging for nurses in a pandemic environment. We believe that the “TAGEET” model (T—Tune‐in, A—Approach and introduce, G—Ground self, E—Engage and respond, E—End encounter, T—Tune‐out), although devised for nurses to engage therapeutically with patients suspected of or confirmed with COVID‐19 could be used by all healthcare professionals in any challenging clinical environment.Relevance to clinical practiceThis new therapeutic communication model will provide support for nurses with how to manage self in the context of caring for others in a COVID‐19 environment.
Impact of nutrient supplementation on maternal nutrition and child growth and development in Sub‐Saharan Africa: the case of small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements
Authors: Adu‐Afarwuah Seth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicronutrient deficiencies remain common among women and children in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA); in pregnant/lactating women, the intakes of essential fatty acids may also be low. Enriching home‐prepared foods with small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (SQ‐LNSs) is a promising new strategy of delivering additional micronutrients, essential fatty acids and good quality protein to women and children. This narrative review aimed to examine the impact of SQ‐LNSs supplementation among women and infants and young children in SSA, and to discuss the differential impact of SQ‐LNS consumption across different settings.Papers reporting randomized trials conducted in SSA in which apparently healthy women and/or ≥6‐mo‐old children received SQ‐LNSs were identified through electronic and manual searches.Prenatal SQ‐LNS consumption reduced the prevalence of low gestational weight gain in Ghana when compared with multiple micronutrients supplementation, and was associated with poorer iron/hemoglobin status when compared with iron‐plus‐folic acid supplementation. SQ‐LNSs received alone or as intervention package improved infant/child growth in two trials in Ghana and one trial each in Burkina Faso, Kenya, Zimbabwe and South Africa, but had no impact on growth in two trials in Malawi. SQ‐LNSs supplementation improved motor development in Ghana, Burkina Faso, Malawi, Kenya, and South Africa, but had no impact on language, socio‐emotional, and executive functions in Ghana and Malawi and on Griffiths’ developmental scores in Malawi.SQ‐LNSs may contribute to improving child growth in SSA. More research is needed to determine the iron level in SQ‐LNSs effective for improving both maternal hemoglobin/iron status and birth outcomes.
Wheat plants sense substrate volume and root density to proactively modulate shoot growth
Authors: Wheeldon Cara D. , Walker Catriona H. , Hamon‐Josse Maxime , Bennett Tom 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlants must carefully coordinate their growth and development with respect to prevailing environmental conditions. To do this, plants can use a range of nutritional and non‐nutritional information that allows them to proactively modulate their growth to avoid resource limitations. As is well‐known to gardeners and horticulturists alike, substrate volume strongly influences plant growth, and maybe a key source of non‐nutritional information for plants. However, the mechanisms by which these substrate volume effects occur remain unclear. Here, we show that wheat plants proactively modulate their shoot growth with respect to substrate volume, independent of nutrient availability. We show that these effects occur in two phases; in the first phase, the dilution of a mobile ‘substrate volume‐sensing signal’ (SVS) allows plants to match their shoot (but not root) growth to the total size of the substrate, irrespective of how much of this they can occupy with their roots. In the second phase, the dilution of a less mobile ‘root density‐sensing signal’ (RDS) allows plants to match root growth to actual rooting volume, with corresponding effects on shoot growth. We show that the effects of soil volume and plant density are largely interchangeable and that plants may use both SVS and RDS to detect their neighbours and to integrate growth responses to both volume and the presence of neighbours. Our work demonstrates the remarkable ability of plants to make proactive decisions about their growth, and has implications for mitigating the effects of dense sowing of crops in agricultural practice.
Government insurance for business interruption losses from pandemics: An evaluation of its feasibility and possible frameworks
Authors: Klein Robert W. , Weston Harold 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany businesses have suffered severe economic losses due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Because property business interruption (BI) policies generally do not cover losses caused by a virus, this has led to proposals for some form of government program that would provide this coverage. We explain why private BI pandemic insurance on a broad scale is infeasible. Arguably, BI pandemic insurance has substantial positive externalities and this has implications with respect to the desirability of government provision of this coverage and its financing. Our paper considers the goals of a government BI pandemic insurance program and the challenges it would face with respect to its design and implementation and how they could be addressed. In this context, we evaluate current proposals for such a program, including legislation currently being considered by the Congress. We conclude that creating such a program requires thorough and careful consideration of its features and the tradeoffs involved with its structure. The essential question for policymakers is whether the best possible program would be in the public interest and increase social welfare. Further, political considerations will likely influence the design of any program in ways that would make it less efficient and possibly less equitable.
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF MG-ZN ALLOYS REINFORCED WITH CNF: A STUDY ON THE SINTERING PROCESS
Authors: Tuminoh Herman , Mohd Azman Muhammad Sallehuddin , Edrus Muhammad Al Kahfi , Nasution Ahmad Kafrawi , Ramlee Muhammad Hanif 
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, magnesium (Mg) based alloys have gained much interest due to its potential use as biodegradable implants for the application of fixation, screws and plates in orthopaedics field. The main problems of biodegradable implants made from pure Mg are its low strength and easily corrodible. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyse the sintering temperature of magnesium-zinc (Mg-Zn) alloys reinforced with carbon nanofibres (CNF) through mechanical and morphological structures. Pure Mg, Zn, and CNF was prepared via powder metallurgy (PM) method. The samples were mechanically alloyed using planetary ball mill to create finer powder. Next, the samples were compacted using the Instron machine for 10 minutes at room temperature to produce a 10 mm diameter cylindrical platelet. Then, the specimens were heated with an argon gas flow for 4 hours at different sintering temperatures. The results showed that the optimum sintering temperature for Mg-Zn alloys reinforced with CNF was at 250℃ with elastic modulus and yield strength of 2729.886 MPa and 140.628 MPa, respectively. The findings of this study concluded that Mg-Zn alloys reinforced with CNF composites have great potential to be used as new biodegradable implants for medical applications in the future.
RAPID INVESTIGATION OF THE METABOLITE CONTENT IN HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA var. UKMR-2 CULTIVATED UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ELEVATED CO2 USING TRI-STEP FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Mohd Ali Siti Aishah , Latip Jalifah 
Published: December 2020

Rapid methods based on untargeted analysis technique such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy can provide much faster and easier solution for food authentication. However, studies on the metabolite content in UKMR-2 calyces using FT-IR spectroscopy has not been reported yet in any previous studies. Thus, the present study was performed to analyze the differences in metabolite content in UKMR-2 calyces under the influences of different [CO2] treatment by applying tri-step infrared based fingerprinting. The UKMR-2 plant cultivation was exposed to ambient [CO2] (400 µmol/mol) and elevated [CO2] (800 µmol/mol) treatment. The UKMR-2 calyx extracts were analysed by conventional infrared (1D-IR), second derivative infrared (SD-IR) and two-dimensional correlation infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy. The 1D-IR spectrum results revealed a similar absorption spectrum in the range of 1900 - 650 cm-1, which suggest similar major metabolites content present in both extracts. For SD-IR spectrum, both treatments clearly showed have more peaks with different shape, position and intensity in the range of 1650 - 1450 cm-1 and 1200 - 950 cm-1, which is likely to have different flavonoid and carbohydrate content in UKMR-2 calyces. The 2D-IR synchronous correlation spectrum in the range of 1000 – 650 cm-1 clearly distinguished the metabolite content in the UKMR-2 calyx extract from different [CO2] treatment. Therefore, this tri-step infrared based fingerprinting has the potential as one of the effective methods to discriminate extract samples with similar infrared fingerprint features and indicate that the metabolite content in UKMR-2 calyces were influenced by different [CO2] treatments.
Sexually dimorphic response of colorectal motility to noxious stimuli in the colorectum in rats
Authors: Horii Kazuhiro , Ehara Yuka , Shiina Takahiko , Naitou Kiyotada , Nakamori Hiroyuki , Horii Yuuki , Shimaoka Hiroki , Saito Shouichiro , Shimizu Yasutake 
Published: December 2020

Key points
This study showed a remarkable sex difference in responses of colorectal motility to noxious stimuli in the colorectum in rats: colorectal motility was enhanced in response to intracolonic administration of a noxious stimulant, capsaicin, in male rats but not in female rats.
The difference in descending neurons from the brain to spinal cord operating after noxious stimulation could be responsible for the sex difference.
In male rats, serotoninergic and dopaminergic neurons are dominantly activated, both of which activate the spinal defaecation centre.
In female rats, GABAergic neurons in addition to serotoninergic neurons are activated. GABA may compete for facilitative action of 5‐HT in the spinal defaecation centre, and thereby colorectal motility is not enhanced in response to intracolonic administration of capsaicin.
The findings provide a novel insight into pathophysiological mechanisms of sex differences in functional defaecation disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome.
AbstractWe previously demonstrated that noxious stimuli in the colorectum enhance colorectal motility through activation of descending pain inhibitory pathways in male rats. It can be expected that the regulatory mechanisms of colorectal motility differ in males and females owing to remarkable sex differences in descending pain inhibitory pathways. Thus, we aimed to clarify sex differences in responses of colorectal motility to noxious stimuli in rats. Colorectal motility was measured in vivo in anaesthetized rats. Administration of a noxious stimulant, capsaicin, into the colorectal lumen enhanced colorectal motility in male rats but not in female rats. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that TRPV1 expression levels in the dorsal root ganglia and in the colorectal mucosa were comparable in male and female rats. When a GABAA receptor inhibitor was intrathecally administered to the L6–S1 level of the spinal cord, colorectal motility was facilitated in response to intracolonic capsaicin even in female rats. The capsaicin‐induced response in the presence of the GABA blocker in female rats was inhibited by intrathecal administration of 5‐HT2 and ‐3 receptor antagonists but not by a D2‐like dopamine receptor antagonist. Our findings demonstrate that intracolonic noxious stimulation activates GABAergic and serotoninergic descending neurons in female rats, whereas serotoninergic and dopaminergic neurons are dominantly activated in male rats. Thus, the difference in the descending neurons operating after noxious stimulation would be responsible for the sexually dimorphic responses of colorectal motility. Our findings provide a novel insight into pathophysiological mechanisms of sex differences in functional defaecation disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome.
Numerical Study of Single-Phase Heat Transfer Performance of a Mini/Micro-Channel Integrated With Multiple Bypass Micro-Nozzles
Authors: Loganathan Raamkumar , Gedupudi Sateesh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Surface temperature uniformity is an important factor in the thermal management of electronics. The present numerical study investigates the influence of multiple bypass injections on the wall temperature distribution of a single-phase mini/micro-channel. The proposed scheme consists of sending a fraction of the coolant through the inlet of a 0.6 mm deep, 2.5 mm wide, and 25 mm long channel and injecting the remaining coolant through multiple bypass inlets on top of the channel positioned at different axial locations. The study explores four different configurations: the first one being three equispaced bypass micro-nozzles or bypass inlets of uniform diameter (1 mm), the second one being three equispaced bypass micro-nozzles of varying diameter (2 mm, 1 mm, and 0.5 mm), the third one being five equispaced bypass micro-nozzles of varying diameter (2 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.25 mm, and 0.125 mm), and the fourth one being five bypass micro-nozzles, but with three equispaced bypass inlets of varying diameter (2 mm, 1 mm, and 0.5 mm), and the last two bypass inlets of the same diameter as that of the third inlet (0.5 mm). Water is considered as the coolant in the study and the simulations are carried out for two mass fluxes of 465 kg/m2s and 930 kg/m2s and two heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2 and 125 kW/m2. The thermal performance of the channel is evaluated for bypass percentages of 25%, 50%, and 75%, with the Reynolds number varying from 150 to 900 at the primary channel inlet and at the secondary channel inlet, and the range of the nozzle Reynolds number varying from 10 to 707. The fourth configuration results in a near uniform wall temperature distribution, with 82–89% reduction in the wall temperature nonuniformity compared with the no-bypass case. The reductions for the third, second and first configurations are 65–71%, 53–76%, and 54–74%, respectively. The third configuration results in an average heat transfer coefficient enhancement of up to 49%. On the whole, the improvement in the wall temperature uniformity is higher than the increase in the pressure drop, and the increase in the channel heat transfer coefficient is higher than pressure drop for some cases.
Effectiveness of the Fun for Wellness Online Behavioral Intervention to Promote Well-Being Actions in Adults With Obesity or Overweight: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Seungmin , McMahon Adam , Prilleltensky Isaac , Myers Nicholas D. , Dietz Samantha , Prilleltensky Ora , Pfeiffer Karin A. , Bateman André G. , Brincks Ahnalee M. 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Fun For Wellness (FFW) online intervention to increase well-being actions in adults with obesity in the United States in relatively uncontrolled settings. The FFW intervention is guided by self-efficacy theory. The study design was a large-scale, prospective, double-blind, and parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Data collection occurred at baseline, 30 days after baseline, and 60 days after baseline. Participants (N = 667) who were assigned to the FFW group (nFFW = 331) were provided with 30 days of 24-hr access to FFW. Supportive evidence was provided for the effectiveness of FFW in real-world settings to promote, either directly or indirectly, three dimensions of well-being actions: community, occupational, and psychological. This study shows that theory-based intervention may be effective in promoting well-being actions in adults with obesity in the United States.