bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal rich club organization in end-stage renal disease patients before dialysis initiation and undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Ma Shaohui , Zhang Ming , Liu Yang , Ding Dun , Li Peng , Ma Xueying , Liu Hongjuan , Mu Junya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are at substantially higher risk for developing cognitive impairment compared with the healthy population. Dialysis is an essential way to maintain the life of ESRD patients. Based on previous research, there did not provide an uncontested result whether cognition was improved or worsened during dialysis.
Methods
To explore the impact of dialysis treatment on cognitive performance, we recruited healthy controls (HCs), ESRD patients before dialysis initiation (bESRD) and those undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (mESRD). All ESRD patients performed a serious of blood biochemistry tests (hemoglobin, urea, cystatin C, Na+, K + and parathyroid hormone). Neuropsychological tests were used to measure cognitive function. By using diffusion tensor imaging and graph-theory approaches, the topological organization of the whole-brain structural network was investigated. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were performed to investigate blood biochemistry predictors of the neuropsychological tests and the results of graph analyses in mESRD and bESRD groups.
Results
Neuropsychological analysis showed mESRD exhibited greater cognitive function than bESRD, but both were worse than HCs. Whole-brain graph analyses revealed that increased global efficiency and normalized shortest path length remained in the bESRD and mESRD than the HCs. Besides, lower normalized clustering coefficient was in bESRD relative to the HCs and mESRD. For the GLMs analysis, only the Cystatin C level was significantly associated with the average fiber length of rich club connections in bESRD.
Conclusions
Our study revealed that dialysis had a limited effect on cognitive improvement. Cystatin C may be a risk feature of cognitive decline of bESRD.
Association Between Chronic Kidney Disease and the Most Common Corneal Ectasia Disease (Keratoconus): A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Jan Ren-Long , Weng Shih-Feng , Wang Jhi-Joung , Chang Yuh-Shin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The retrospective, nationwide, matched cohort study investigated the association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and keratoconus (KCN), the most common corneal ectasia disease.
Methods
The study cohort included 4,609 new-onset keratoconus patients ≥ 12 years identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, code 371.6 and recruited between 2004 and 2011 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched control group included 27,654 non-KCN patients, selected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, 2000. Information for each patient was collected and tracked from the index date until December 2013. The incidence and risk of CKD were compared between the two groups. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for CKD were calculated with Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to calculate the cumulative CKD incidence rate.
Results
The incidence rate of CKD was 1.36 times higher in KCN patients than in controls without statistically significant difference (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99–1.86, p = 0.0566). In total, 29 male KCN patients and 90 controls developed CKD during the follow-up period. The incidence rate of CKD was 1.92 times (95% [CI] = 1.26–2.91; p = 0.0023) higher in male KCN patients than in controls. After adjusting for potential confounders, including hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus, male KCN patients and male patients ≥ 40 years were 1.75 times (adjusted HR = 1.75, 95% [CI] = 1.14–2.68, p < 0.05), and 19.83 times (adjusted HR = 19.83, 95% CI = 8.75–44.97, p < 0.05) more likely to develop CKD, respectively.
Conclusions
We found that male KCN patients, particular male patients ≥ 40 years of age have an increased risk of CKD. Therefore, it is recommended that male KCN patients should be aware of CKD.
Hydroxychloroquine with or without macrolide and standard of care versus standard of care alone for COVID-19 cases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Budhathoki Pravash , Khadka Sitaram , Rawal Era 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been a global health threat. The specific treatment of this disease has not yet been approved. In this review, we aimed at assessing the role of hydroxychloroquine with/without macrolide in terms of efficacy and adverse effects against the standard of care. Methods: Pubmed, Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched for the quantitative and qualitative synthesis of 13 studies using PRISMA guidelines for a proper review. Assessment of heterogeneity was done using the I-squared (I2) test and fixed/random effect analysis was done to determine the odds/risk ratio among the selected studies.Results: Meta-analysis of our study demonstrated no significant differences in improvement for the virological cure (RR 0.95, 0.67-1.34), whereas a significant relationship was there in radiological progression (pneumonia resolution) (RR 1.40, 1.03-1.91) between the two arms. There are 1.52 times the odds of intubation during treatment (CI 0.61-3.77), 1.08 times the risk of mortality (CI 0.65-1.79), and about 2.21 times increased risk of development of adverse effect (OR 2.21, 0.95-5.17). Though overall it is of no statistical significance, clinical relevance to thinking while using the treatment for COVID-19 is advised. Among randomized controlled trials, the treatment group has 3.5 times (OR 3.48, 1.64-7.42) higher risk of developing adverse effects. There is 2.5 times the likelihood of severe arrhythmias and QT prolongation (OR 2.49, 1.67-3.70) on the treatment arm compared to control.Conclusion: Hydroxychloroquine with/without macrolide has shown no beneficial effect in viral clearance, survival rates while shows significant relation with the radiological improvement compared to standard of care but may increase the risk of intubation, overall side effects, and cardiac complications like arrhythmias and QT prolongation. Thus utilizing this treatment needs to be judged in clinical relevance and proper monitoring.
Similarities and differences between the ‘cytokine storms’ in acute dengue and COVID-19
Authors: Dayarathna Shashika , Jeewandara Chandima , Gomes Laksiri , Somathilaka Gayasha , Jayathilaka Deshni , Vimalachandran Vimal , Wijewickrama Ananda , Narangoda Eranga , Idampitiya Damayanthi , Ogg Graham , Malavige Gathsaurie Neelika 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Severe pneumonia and multiorgan dysfunction in COVID-19 and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) are two diseases that can associate with an altered immune response to the infecting virus. To determine the similarities and differences in the cytokine and chemokine responses in these two infections, we compared responses in patients with varying severity of COVID-19 and acute dengue at different time points of illness.During early disease, patients who proceeded to develop COVID-19 severe pneumonia (SP) and DHF had significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-10 and MIP3α than those who developed mild illness. The lowest levels of IFNγ in early illness were seen in those who succumbed to their illness due to COVID-19. Levels of serum IL-10 (p=0.0001), IL-6 (p=0.002), MIP-3α (p=0.02) and CD40-L levels (p=0.002) significantly increased from 5-9 day of illness to 10-21 day of illness in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19, but not in those with mild illness. In contrast, these cytokine/chemokine levels remained unchanged in those with DHF or dengue fever (DF) during febrile and critical phases. Although IL-10 levels were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with SP, patients with DHF had 25-fold higher levels, whereas IL-6 levels were 11-fold higher in those with COVID-19 SP. IL-10 and other cytokines were evaluated in a larger cohort of patients during early illness (≤ 4 days) who proceeded to develop DF (n=71) or DHF (n=64). Of the cytokines evaluated, IL-10 was significantly higher (p<0.0001) in those who went on to develop DHF compared to DF. Low IFNγ response to the SARS-CoV2 and high levels of immunosuppressive IL-10 in both COVID-19 and dengue during early illness are indicators of an altered antiviral response potentially contributing to disease severity.
Melatonin Reduce Morphine-Induced Hyperalgesia and Tolerance of Rats via melatonin-MT1-PKCγ Pathway.
Authors: Fan Yuchao , Liang Xiao , Zheng Bixin , Song Li 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Morphine is commonly used for treating acute and chronic pain. However, its using is complicated with tolerance and hyperalgesia. Endogenous melatoninergic system is involved in development of tolerance and hyperalgesia induced by chronic morphine administration, but the precise mechanism remains unknown. Methods: 18 male SD rats were randomly divided into Saline(Sal), Morphine(Mor) and Morphine+Chelerythrine (Mor+Che) group (n = 6, respectively). Each group were received twice-daily intrathecal injections of saline (10μl), morphine (15μg/10μl) or morphine (15μg/5μl)+ chelerythrine (5μg/5μl) for consecutive 9 days, respectively. MWT and TWL of all animals were recorded on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. The morphine tolerance was depicted as MPAE on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and on day 10 which can be used to calculate for ED50 of each group. Then we determined the serum level of melatonin by ELISA and expression of MOR , MT1, MT2 and PKCγ by RT-qPCR and WB in spinal dorsal horn of three group rats.Results: Comparing with Sal group, the Mor group exhibited a significant lower serum melatonin level and up-regulation of expression of the MT1, MT2 and PKCγ in the spinal dorsal horn. Co-administration of chelerythrine with morphine not only attenuates morphine-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance, but also increases the down-regulation of serum melatonin level) and reduces the up-regulation of expression of MT1 and PKCγ in spinal dorsal horn compared with Mor group. Conclusion：Melatonin can reduce morphine-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance of rats via melatonin-MT1-PKCγ pathway.
Ultrasonic Detection of Fetal Persistent Right Umbilical Vein and Incidence and Significance of Concomitant Anomalies
Authors: Li Jingyu , Yuan Qian , Ding Hao , Yang Zeyu , Wang Bing , Wang Bin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Persistent right umbilical vein (PRUV) is characterized by atresia of the left umbilical vein while the right umbilical vein remains open. Given the limited sample size of most studies, the incidence of PRUV and the status of concomitant anomalies may not be fully reflected. Thus, we studied the incidence of fetal PRUV and its concomitant anomalies on a larger scale using our hospital database. This study hoped to address the following questions: Does PRUV increase the risk of fetal anomalies? If the PRUV fetus also has a single umbilical artery (SUA), does the risk of fetal anomaly increase further? What is the positive predictive value of PRUV for fetal anomalies?Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 756 cases of fetal PRUV at our hospital from January 2007 to April 2017. Prenatal ultrasound and color Doppler images were assessed. All PRUV fetuses underwent echocardiography and detailed ultrasound examinations of other systems. Newborn status was obtained via the database or by telephone follow-up.Results: A total of 435,428 pregnant women underwent prenatal ultrasonography at 16–40 weeks, the incidence of fetal PRUV was 0.17%, and 102 fetuses (13.5%) developed other anomalies. Two complicated cases had trisomy 18. PRUV was associated with a higher incidence of fetal anomalies. When fetal anomalies were classified by body systems, PRUV was associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular, nervous, urinary, skeletal, digestive, and respiratory system anomalies. The positive predictive values of a PRUV for any fetal anomalies and cardiovascular anomalies were 13.5% (95%CI, 11.2%–16.2%) and 5.4% (95%CI, 4.0%–7.3%), respectively. SUA further increases the risk of PRUV fetuses with other anomalies and cardiovascular anomalies.Conclusions: Detailed prenatal ultrasonography and echocardiography should be performed in fetuses with PRUV to rule out anomalies in other systems. When the PRUV is combined with SUA, echocardiography is particularly important. Fetuses with complicated PRUV should undergo chromosomal examination. Although isolated fetal PRUV prognosis is good, complicated PRUV prognosis depends on the type and severity of the concomitant anomalies.
I Don’t Want to Think About It: A Qualitative Study of Children’s and Parents' Experiences with Regular Needle Injections at Home
Authors: Sørensen Kari , Skirbekk Helge , Kvarstein Gunnvald , Wøien Hilde 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Overall outcomes of pediatric rheumatic diseases (RD) have improved due to treatment with biologic agents and methotrexate. For many children, this treatment often entails regular needle injections. Pain and fair of needle injections are common in childhood, but how children and parents handle long-term needle injections at home has not been fully explored. This study aimed to explore how regular needle injections affect children with RD and their parents in their daily living.Methods This explorative qualitative study used individual interviews and focus groups to ensure a comprehensive investigation of the topic. Children aged 6 to 16 years (n = 7) and their parents (n = 8) were interviewed individually 4 to 6 months after the onset of needle injection treatment. The focus groups included children aged 11 to 17 years (n = 9) and parents (n = 8) with a minimum of 6 months of experience with injection treatment. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results The main themes; “challenges,” “motivational factors,” and “routines” captured experiences and strategies that influenced the continuation of needle injections at home. Many children feared the moment immediately before the needle stick, although they had become accustomed to the pain. Most parents felt insecure about handling needle injections and lacked follow-up from healthcare providers. The experience of treatment effects and self-confidence were essential to maintain motivation for further injections. A number of coping strategies helped children focus away from injection related discomfort, often discovered by chance. Facilitating firm routines and shared responsibility within families helped children develop self-confidence during the procedure. Children and parents struggled to find suitable information on the Internet. Conclusions Children and parents experienced long-term needle injections challenging. They used their own limited resources and cooperated within the families to create routines and to introduce coping strategies necessary to manage and keep up with the procedure. Although the injection itself was not experienced very painful, the discomfort, worries and impact on daily life represented far more than a little needle stick, and thus needs more attention from healthcare providers.
An Alternative Approach to Mapping Pigments in Paintings With Hyperspectral Reflectance Image Cubes Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kleynhans Tania , Patterson Catherine M. Schmidt , Dooley Kathryn A. , Messinger David W. , Delaney John K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Spectral imaging modalities, including reflectance and X-ray fluorescence, play an important role in conservation science. In reflectance hyperspectral imaging, the data are classified into areas having similar spectra and turned into labeled pigment maps using spectral features and fusing with other information. Direct classification and labeling remain challenging because many paints are intimate pigment mixtures that require a non-linear unmixing model for a robust solution. Neural networks have been successful in modeling non-linear mixtures in remote sensing with large training datasets. For paintings, however, existing spectral databases are small and do not encompass the diversity encountered. Given that painting practices are relatively consistent within schools of artistic practices, we tested the suitability of using reflectance spectra from a subgroup of well-characterized paintings to build a large database to train a one-dimensional (spectral) convolutional neural network. The labeled pigment maps produced were found to be robust within similar styles of paintings.
Driving Stress and Seismotectonic Implications of the 2013 Mw5.8 Awaji Island Earthquake, Southwestern Japan, Based on Earthquake Focal Mechanisms Before and After the Mainshock
Authors: Imanishi Kazutoshi , Ohtani Makiko , Uchide Takahiko 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A driving stress of the M w 5.8 reverse-faulting Awaji Island earthquake (2013), southwest Japan, was investigated using focal mechanism solutions of earthquakes before and after the mainshock. The seismic records from regional high-sensitivity seismic stations were used. Further, the stress tensor inversion method was applied to infer the stress fields in the source region. The results of the stress tensor inversion and the slip tendency analysis revealed that the stress field within the source region deviates from the surrounding area, in which the stress field locally contains a reverse-faulting component with ENE-WSW compression. This local fluctuation in the stress field is key to producing reverse-faulting earthquakes. The existing knowledge on regional-scale stress (tens to hundreds of km) cannot predict the occurrence of the Awaji Island earthquake, emphasizing the importance of estimating local-scale (< tens of km) stress information. It is possible that the local-scale stress heterogeneity has been formed by local tectonic movement, i.e., the formation of flexures in combination with recurring deep aseismic slips. The coseismic Coulomb stress change, induced by the disastrous 1995 M w 6.9 Kobe earthquake, increased along the fault plane of the Awaji Island earthquake; however, the postseismic stress change was negative. We concluded that the gradual stress build-up, due to the interseismic plate locking along the Nankai trough, overcame the postseismic stress reduction in a few years, pushing the Awaji Island earthquake fault over its failure threshold in 2013. The observation that the earthquake occurred in response to the interseismic plate locking has an important implication in terms of seismotectonics in southwest Japan, facilitating further research on the causal relationship between the inland earthquake activity and the Nankai trough earthquake. Furthermore, this study highlighted that the dataset before the mainshock may not have sufficient information to reflect the stress field in the source region due to the lack of earthquakes in that region. This is because the earthquake fault is generally locked prior to the mainshock. Further research is needed for estimating the stress field in the vicinity of an earthquake fault via seismicity before the mainshock alone.
Eco-Mechanisms Within Economic Evolution – Schumpeterian Approach
Authors: Lipieta Agnieszka , Malawski Andrzej 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Supporting eco-innovations and economic eco-activities is one of a very important challenge to decision makers. The above is related to the problem of specification of mechanisms resulting in introducing eco-innovations.The original vision of the economic evolution determined by innovation was firstly presented by Joseph Schumpeter who identified essential innovative changes as well as indicated different mechanisms governing the economic evolution.The aim of the paper is to suggest a cohesive topological approach maintained in the stream of Schumpeter’s thought, to study changes in the economy, which result in the elimination of at least one harmful commodity or technology from the market, by incorporating Hurwicz apparatus in a suitably modified competitive economy.Qualitative properties of mechanisms which can occur within the economic evolution are also analyzed.JEL: D41, D50, O31
Analyzing indoor mycobiomes through a large-scale citizen science study of houses from Norway
Authors: Martin-Sanchez Pedro M. , Estensmo Eva-Lena F. , Morgado Luis N. , Maurice Sundy , Engh Ingeborg B. , Skrede Inger , Kauserud Håvard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In the built environment, fungi can cause important deterioration of building materials and have adverse health effects on occupants. We here investigate what are the most important environmental variables (climate, building features or occupant characteristics) driving the indoor mycobiome structure and diversity in houses. We used Norway as study area since it spans a wide range of environmental gradients such as temperature and precipitation. We organized a large citizen science sampling campaign including 271 houses and 807 dust samples collected from three different house compartments: outside of the building, living room and bathroom. Fungal community composition and diversity were determined by DNA metabarcoding, and correlated to the environmental variables by multivariate statistical analyses.Results: The fungal community composition was clearly different between indoor and outdoor samples, but there were no significant differences between the two indoor compartments (i.e living room vs. bathroom). The 32 selected variables, related to the outdoor environment, building features and occupant characteristics, accounted for 15% of the overall variation in community composition, with the house compartment as the most important factor (7.6%). Next, the regional-scale climate was the main driver of the dust mycobiomes (4.2%), while building and occupant variables had significant but minor influences (1.4% and 1.1%, respectively). The house dust mycobiomes were mainly dominated by ascomycetes (⁓70%) with Capnodiales and Eurotiales as the most abundant orders. Compared to the outdoor, the indoor mycobiomes showed higher species richness, which is probably due to the mixture of fungi from outdoor and indoor sources. The main indoor indicator fungi belonged to two ecological groups with allergenic potential: xerophilic molds (mainly Penicillium and Aspergillus) and skin-associated yeasts (Malassezia, Debaryomyces, Candida and Rhodotorula).Conclusions: We show that indoor mycobiomes represent a mixture of fungi from indoor and outdoor sources, and that a multitude of indoor and outdoor variables structure indoor mycobiomes. We also demonstrate that citizen science is a successful and effective strategy to obtain samples for characterizing the indoor microbiomes at large geographical scales.