bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A weak spectral signature of water vapour in the atmosphere of HD 179949 b at high spectral resolution in the L band
Authors: Webb Rebecca K , Brogi Matteo , Gandhi Siddharth , Line Michael R , Birkby Jayne L , Chubb Katy L , Snellen Ignas A G , Yurchenko Sergey N 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
High-resolution spectroscopy ($R\, \geqslant \, 20\, 000$) is currently the only known method to constrain the orbital solution and atmospheric properties of non-transiting hot Jupiters. It does so by resolving the spectral features of the planet into a forest of spectral lines and directly observing its Doppler shift while orbiting the host star. In this study, we analyse VLT/CRIRES ($R=100\, 000$) L-band observations of the non-transiting giant planet HD 179949 b centred around 3.5 ${\mu {m}}$. We observe a weak (3.0σ, or S/N = 4.8) spectral signature of H2O in absorption contained within the radial velocity of the planet at superior-conjunction, with a mild dependence on the choice of line list used for the modelling. Combining this data with previous observations in the K band, we measure a detection significance of 8.4 σ for an atmosphere that is most consistent with a shallow lapse-rate, solar C/O ratio, and with CO and H2O being the only major sources of opacity in this wavelength range. As the two sets of data were taken 3 yr apart, this points to the absence of strong radial-velocity anomalies due, e.g. to variability in atmospheric circulation. We measure a projected orbital velocity for the planet of KP = (145.2 ± 2.0) km s−1 (1σ) and improve the error bars on this parameter by ∼70 per cent. However, we only marginally tighten constraints on orbital inclination ($66.2^{+3.7}_{-3.1}$ deg) and planet mass ($0.963^{+0.036}_{-0.031}$ Jupiter masses), due to the dominant uncertainties of stellar mass and semimajor axis. Follow ups of radial-velocity planets are thus crucial to fully enable their accurate characterization via high-resolution spectroscopy.
R-process enrichment in ultrafaint dwarf galaxies
Authors: Tarumi Yuta , Yoshida Naoki , Inoue Shigeki 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the enrichment and mixing of r-process elements in ultrafaint dwarf galaxies (UFDs). We assume that r-process elements are produced by neutron-star mergers (NSMs), and examine multiple models with different natal kick velocities and explosion energies. To this end, we perform cosmological simulations of galaxy formation to follow mixing of the dispersed r-process elements driven by star formation and the associated stellar feedback in progenitors of UFDs. We show that the observed europium abundance in Reticulum II is reproduced by our inner explosion model where an NSM is triggered at the centre of the galaxy, whereas the relatively low abundance in Tucana III is reproduced if an NSM occurs near the virial radius of the progenitor galaxy. The latter case is realized only if the neutron-star binary has a large natal kick velocity and travels over a long distance of a kiloparsec before merger. In both the inner and outer explosion cases, it is necessary for the progenitor galaxy to sustain prolonged star formation over a few hundred million years after the NSM, so that the dispersed r-process elements are well mixed within the interstellar medium. Short-duration star formation results in inefficient mixing, and then a large variation is imprinted in the stellar europium abundances, which is inconsistent with the observations of Reticulum II and Tucana III.
The synthetic Emission Line COSMOS catalogue: Hα and [O ii] galaxy luminosity functions and counts at 0.3 &lt; z &lt; 2.5
Authors: Saito Shun , de la Torre Sylvain , Ilbert Olivier , Dubois Cédric , Yabe Kiyoto , Coupon Jean 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Star-forming galaxies with strong nebular and collisional emission lines are privileged target galaxies in forthcoming cosmological large galaxy redshift surveys. We use the COSMOS2015 photometric catalogue to model galaxy spectral energy distributions and emission-line fluxes. We adopt an empirical but physically motivated model that uses information from the best-fitting spectral energy distribution of stellar continuum to each galaxy. The emission-line flux model is calibrated and validated against direct flux measurements in subsets of galaxies that have 3D-HST or zCOSMOS-Bright spectra. We take a particular care in modelling dust attenuation such that our model can explain both Hα and [O ii] observed fluxes at different redshifts. We find that a simple solution to this is to introduce a redshift evolution in the dust attenuation fraction parameter, f = Estar(B − V)/Egas(B − V), as f(z) = 0.44 + 0.2z. From this catalogue, we derive the Hα and [O ii] luminosity functions up to redshifts of about 2.5 after carefully accounting for emission line flux and redshift errors. This allows us to make predictions for Hα and [O ii] galaxy number counts in next-generation cosmological redshift surveys. Our modelled emission lines and spectra in the COSMOS2015 catalogue shall be useful to study the target selection for planned next-generation galaxy redshift surveys and we make them publicly available as ‘EL-COSMOS’ on the ASPIC data base.
Label-free multiphoton imaging allows brain tumor recognition based on texture analysis—a study of 382 tumor patients
Authors: Uckermann Ortrud , Galli Roberta , Mark Georg , Meinhardt Matthias , Koch Edmund , Schackert Gabriele , Steiner Gerald , Kirsch Matthias 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Label-free multiphoton microscopy has been suggested for intraoperative recognition and delineation of brain tumors. For any future clinical application, appropriate approaches for image acquisition and analysis have to be developed. Moreover, an evaluation of the reliability of the approach, taking into account inter- and intrapatient variability, is needed.

Methods
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), and second-harmonic generation were acquired on cryosections of brain tumors of 382 patients and 28 human nontumor brain samples. Texture parameters of those images were calculated and used as input for linear discriminant analysis.

Results
The combined analysis of texture parameters of the CARS and TPEF signal proved to be most suited for the discrimination of nontumor brain versus brain tumors (low- and high-grade astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma, recurrent glioblastoma, brain metastases of lung, colon, renal, and breast cancer and of malignant melanoma) leading to a correct rate of 96% (sensitivity: 96%, specificity: 100%). To approximate the clinical setting, the results were validated on 42 fresh, unfixed tumor biopsies. 82% of the tumors and, most important, all of the nontumor samples were correctly recognized. An image resolution of 1 µm was sufficient to distinguish brain tumors and nontumor brain. Moreover, the vast majority of single fields of view of each patient’s sample were correctly classified with high probabilities, which is important for clinical translation.

Conclusion
Label-free multiphoton imaging might allow fast and accurate intraoperative delineation of primary and secondary brain tumors in combination with endoscopic systems.
A Novel Technical Refinement of Microvascular Decompression: Pain Relief and Complication Rate in a Consecutive Series of Patients With Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Tomasello Francesco , Germanò Antonino , Lavano Angelo , Romano Alberto , Cafarella Daniele , Gorgoglione Nicola , La Torre Domenico 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Microvascular decompression (MVD) represents a milestone for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Nevertheless, several complications still occur and may negatively affect the outcome. We recently proposed some technical nuances for complication avoidance related to MVD.

OBJECTIVE
To verify the efficacy of the proposed refinement of the standard MVD technique in terms of resolution of the pain and reduction of complication rates.

METHODS
We analyzed surgical and outcome data of patients with TN using a novel surgical refinement to MVD, over the last 4 yr. Outcome variables included pain relief, facial numbness, muscular atrophy, local cutaneous occipital and temporal pain or numbness, cerebellar injury, hearing loss, cranial nerve deficits, wound infection, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Overall complication rate was defined as the occurrence of any of the aforementioned items.

RESULTS
A total of 72 consecutive patients were enrolled in the study. Pain relief was achieved in 91.6% and 88.8% of patients at 1- and 4-yr follow-up, respectively. No patient reported postoperative facial numbness during the entire follow-up period. The incidence of CSF leak was 1.4%. One patient developed a complete hearing loss and another a minor cerebellar ischemia. There was no mortality. The overall complication rate was 5.6%, but only 1.4% of patients experienced permanent sequelae.

CONCLUSION
The proposed refinement of the standard MVD technique has proved effective in maintaining excellent results in terms of pain relief while minimizing the overall complication rate associated with this surgical approach.
A Tale of Two Women: A Comparative Gendered Media Analysis of UK Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and Theresa May
Authors: Williams Blair E 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article compares how the print media portrayed Margaret Thatcher and Theresa May in the first three weeks of their respective prime ministerial terms. Examining the similarities and differences between the media coverage of the two leaders, who ascended to the prime ministerial role almost 40 years apart, helps us understand how mainstream media coverage concentrates on the gendered differences of women political leaders from the masculine leadership norm. Seven major daily newspapers were examined, using feminist content analysis and feminist critical discourse analysis. The study revealed that, contrary to expectations, not only was there more attention to May’s gender than to Thatcher’s, but it was also more detailed and elaborate, particularly in the conservative press.
Pharmacare in Canada: The paediatric perspective
Authors: McLaughlin Tom , Jong Geert ‘t , Gilpin Andrea , Hepburn Charlotte Moore 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Canada’s drug insurance system is one of the most expensive in the world, yet millions of Canadians still struggle to access necessary medications. As a result, provincial, territorial, and federal governments are considering public pharmacare policy proposals to ensure that all Canadians can access the medications they need. Pharmacare policies offer an opportunity to prioritize children and youth, whose unique drug needs have long been neglected. Prescription drug use is common in this population, with approximately half of Canadian children and youth requiring at least one prescription in any given year. Drug use remains concentrated, however, among those with complex, chronic, and serious diseases. Children and youth rely heavily on compounded and off-label prescription drugs, which impacts safety, efficacy, palatability, and cost. Reimbursement decision-making bodies do not appropriately value the unique benefits of paediatric drugs, including child-friendly formulations, improved quality of life for children and families, and cost-savings outside the healthcare system. Regardless of the pharmacare model ultimately implemented, ensuring universal, comprehensive, and portable prescription drug coverage for all children and youth is essential. To accomplish this, paediatric drug experts should develop a national, evidence-informed formulary of paediatric drugs. Health Canada should also improve processes to make commercial paediatric drugs and child-friendly formulations more available and accessible. The federal government must also support paediatric drug research and development to this end.
The Discrepancy of (nkx)k=1∞ With Respect to Certain Probability Measures
Authors: Technau Niclas , Zafeiropoulos Agamemnon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Let $(n_k)_{k=1}^{\infty }$ be a lacunary sequence of integers. We show that if $\mu$ is a probability measure on $[0,1)$ such that $|\widehat{\mu }(t)|\leq c|t|^{-\eta }$, then for $\mu$-almost all $x$, the discrepancy $D_N(n_kx)$ satisfies $$\begin{equation*}\frac{1}{4} \leq \limsup_{N\to\infty}\frac{N D_N(n_kx)}{\sqrt{N\log\log N}} \leq C\end{equation*}$$for some constant $C&gt;0$. This proves a conjecture of Haynes, Jensen and Kristensen and allows an improvement on their previous result relevant to an inhomogeneous version of the Littlewood conjecture.
Novel whole-body magnetic resonance imaging response and remission criteria document diminished inflammation during golimumab treatment in axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Krabbe Simon , Eshed Iris , Sørensen Inge J , Møller Jakob , Jensen Bente , Madsen Ole R , Klarlund Mette , Pedersen Susanne J , Østergaard Mikkel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate criteria for treatment response and remission in patients with axial SpA as assessed by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) of axial and peripheral joints and entheses during treatment with golimumab.

Methods
We performed an investigator-initiated cohort study of 53 patients who underwent WB-MRI at weeks 0, 4, 16 and 52 after initiation of golimumab. Images were assessed according to the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada MRI SI joint inflammation index, Canada–Denmark MRI spine inflammation score and the MRI peripheral joints and entheses inflammation index.

Results
At weeks 4, 16 and 52, WB-MRI demonstrated an at least 50% reduction of MRI inflammation of the sacroiliac joints in 16, 29 and 32 (30%, 55% and 60%) patients, of the spine in 20, 30 and 31 (38%, 57% and 58%) patients and of peripheral joints and entheses in 8, 17 and 15 (15%, 32% and 28%) patients, respectively. The BASDAI50 response was achieved by 29, 31 and 31 (55%, 58% and 58%) patients, while ASDAS clinically important improvement (ASDAS-CII) was achieved by 37, 40 and 34 (70%, 75% and 64%) patients. WB-MRI remission criteria for spine, sacroiliac joints and peripheral joints and entheses were explored; total WB-MRI remission was attained by 2, 6 and 3 (4%, 11% and 6%) patients. At week 16, among 35 patients with an at least 50% reduction in the MRI Axial Inflammation Index (sacroiliac joint and spine inflammation), 29 (83%) achieved BASDAI50 and 35 (100%) achieved ASDAS-CII; among 16 patients with MRI axial inflammation non-response, 14 (88%) were BASDAI50 non-responders and 11 (69%) did not achieve ASDAS-CII.

Conclusion
WB-MRI demonstrated a significant reduction of inflammation in both the spine, sacroiliac joints and peripheral joints and entheses during golimumab treatment. Few patients achieved total WB-MRI remission. Combining spinal and sacroiliac joint inflammation in an MRI Axial Inflammation Index increased the ability to capture response.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02011386.
All in the balance: sustainable investment and the role of the fiduciary
Authors: Wickham Henry 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Sustainable investing is generating a lot of interest in terms of catering for the needs and desires of the next generation and baby boomers alike. In particular, global transparency is focusing clients’ minds more on the responsibility that wealth brings and, on the flipside, the potential for large-scale reputational risk if this is ignored.
Adverse Infant and Maternal Outcomes Among Low-Risk Term Pregnancies Stratified by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Parchem Jacqueline G. , Gupta Megha , Chen Han-Yang , Wagner Stephen , Mendez-Figueroa Hector , Chauhan Suneet P. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To assess whether racial and ethnic disparities in adverse infant and maternal outcomes exist among low-risk term pregnancies.

METHODS:
This population-based retrospective cohort study used U.S. vital statistics data from 2014 to 2017. Women with low-risk, nonanomalous singleton pregnancies who labored and delivered at 37–41 weeks of gestation were included and categorized by maternal race and ethnicity: non-Hispanic white (white), non-Hispanic black (black), Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Asian (Asian). Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate the associations of composite neonatal adverse outcome (Apgar score less than 5 at 5 minutes, assisted ventilation for more than 6 hours, neonatal seizure, or neonatal death), infant mortality, and composite maternal adverse outcome (blood transfusion, admission to the intensive care unit, uterine rupture, or unplanned hysterectomy) with maternal race and ethnicity.

RESULTS:
Of 9,205,873 women included, 55.5% were white, 13.7% were black, 24.3% were Hispanic, and 6.5% were Asian. Risk for the composite neonatal adverse outcome was higher among neonates of black women (unadjusted relative risk [uRR] 1.16, 95% CI 1.13–1.18; adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.07, 95% CI 1.05–1.10), and lower for neonates of Hispanic and Asian women compared with neonates of white women. A similar pattern of disparity was observed for infant mortality; the risk for infants of black women was significantly increased (uRR 1.89, 95% CI 1.81–1.98; aRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.26–1.39). For the composite maternal adverse outcome, the risk was highest for Asian mothers (uRR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.14; aRR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06–1.18), lowest for Hispanic mothers, and similar for black mothers when compared with white mothers after adjustment for confounders.

CONCLUSION:
Among low-risk term pregnancies, the risk for adverse outcomes varied by maternal race and ethnicity. Infants of black women were at the highest risk for neonatal morbidity and infant mortality, and Asian mothers were most likely to experience maternal adverse outcomes.
Regional and Racial–Ethnic Differences in Perinatal Interventions Among Periviable Births
Authors: Boghossian Nansi S. , Geraci Marco , Edwards Erika M. , Ehret Danielle E.Y. , Saade George R. , Horbar Jeffrey D. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To examine whether there are: 1) regional differences in three perinatal interventions that reflect active treatment among periviable gestations and 2) racial–ethnic differences in the receipt of these perinatal interventions after accounting for hospital region.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective study on neonates born at 776 U.S. centers that participated in the Vermont Oxford Network (2006–2017) with a gestational age of 22–25 weeks. The primary outcome was postnatal life support. Secondary outcomes included maternal administration of antenatal corticosteroids and cesarean delivery. We examined rates and 99% CI of the three outcomes by region. We also calculated the adjusted relative risks (aRRs) and 99% CIs for the three outcomes by race and ethnicity within each region using modified Poisson regression models with robust variance estimation.

RESULTS:
Major regional variation exists in the use of the three interventions at 22 and 23 weeks of gestation but not at 24 and 25 weeks. For example, at 22 weeks of gestation, rates of life support in the South (38.3%; 99% CI 36.3–40.2) and the Midwest (32.7%; 99% CI 30.4–35.0) were higher than in the Northeast (20.2%; 99% CI 17.6–22.8) and the West (22.2%; 99% CI 20.0–24.4). Particularly in the Northeast, black and Hispanic neonates born at 22 or 23 weeks of gestation had a higher provision of postnatal life support than white neonates (at 22 weeks: black: aRR 1.84 [99% CI 1.33–2.56], Hispanic: aRR 1.80 [1.23–2.64]; at 23 weeks: black: aRR 1.14 [99% CI 1.08–1.20], Hispanic: aRR 1.12 [1.05–1.19]). In the West, black and Hispanic neonates born at 23 weeks of gestation also had a higher provision of life support (black: aRR 1.11 [99% CI 1.03–1.19]; Hispanic: aRR 1.10 [1.04–1.16]).

CONCLUSION:
Major regional variation exists in perinatal interventions when managing 22- and 23-week neonates. In the Northeast and the West regions, minority neonates born at 22 and 23 weeks of gestation had higher provision of postnatal life support.
Distal femoral deformity correction by percutaneous open-wedge osteotomy and a simplified external fixation technique: a retrospective case series
Authors: Atef Ashraf , El-Rosasy Mahmoud , El-Gebaly Osama 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Varus and valgus distal femoral malalignments increase medial and lateral loads of the knee respectively. Early femoral realignment osteotomy reduces symptoms and may prevent joint degeneration. Several osteotomy techniques and fixation methods have been described to maintain such corrective osteotomy. There is little evidence supporting the choice of one technique over the other for correction of distal femoral deformities. The aims of this study were to determine if a minimally invasive external fixation technique could correct deformity and report treatment-related complications.

Methods:
Fifty-two limbs in 30 patients presented with distal femoral deformities due to different etiologies. The patients underwent minimally invasive external fixation techniques with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Their ages ranged from 14 to 24 years (average 20.8 years). Limb length discrepancy (LLD) was present in eight patients and ranged from 4 to 8 cm (average 5.4 cm). The deformity was valgus in 38 limbs and varus in 14 limbs.

Results:
All osteotomies united successfully after an average 5.2 months, and the external fixation index was an average of 1.1 months/cm. None of the patients had residual deformity or LLD. All patients reported a satisfactory outcome except two patients who had loss of the last 10 degrees of knee flexion. Superficial pin track infection occurred in all patients, but no nerve or vascular injuries or deep infections occurred.

Conclusions:
The distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) with a unilateral Ilizarov fixator modification is an entirely percutaneous procedure that has less risk of primary or secondary loss of correction. Stability of the construct allows early mobilization.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
A retrospective cohort review of opioid prescribing and patient-reported consumption patterns following upper extremity surgery
Authors: Turcotte Justin J. , Palsgrove Andrew C. , Fowler Marcia B. , Adams Stephanie A. , Crowley Kevin R. , Gelfand Jeffrey M. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Across upper extremity procedures, patients are being prescribed approximately three times the opioid medication needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate opioid prescribing and consumption trends for patients undergoing various upper extremity surgeries at a regional medical center to further refine prescribing guidelines.

Methods:
A retrospective review of 152 patients undergoing shoulder, wrist, and forearm or hand surgery who completed a patient-reported opioid consumption tracking form between June 2017 and May 2018 was conducted. Opioid prescription and consumption data were converted into morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs).

Results:
Average total MME prescribed for the population was 147.5±130.1 MME and was significantly different across procedures (P<0.001). Average MME taken across the cohort was 55.5±61.5 with significant differences across procedure types (P<0.001). Controlling for gender and patient age, when compared with shoulder patients, patients undergoing wrist and forearm or hand procedures were significantly less likely to be overprescribed (OR=0.309, P=0.014; OR=0.225, P=0.001) and were overprescribed less MME on average (wrist and forearm β=−120.1, P<0.001; hand β=−144.4, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the percentage of patients requiring second opioid fills, with an average refill rate of 14.5% across the cohort (P=0.116).

Conclusions:
Significant differences in the need for opioid analgesia exist across upper extremity procedures, with shoulder surgery patients being overprescribed most frequently and by the highest MMEs. Due to the variability in narcotic utilization, patient-specific factors must be considered by providers when determining optimal opioid prescribing levels.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.