bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Post-electrocution Cataract
Authors: Javed Anum , Arshad Owais , Nasir Javeria , Chatni Mohammad Hanif 
Published: January 2020

Trauma from electric injury can be of multiple forms, ranging from mild damage to life-threatening conditions like cardiac arrest. Ophthalmic injuries are not uncommon following electrocution. We report a case of post electrocution cataract in a 24 year old male who presented to us three years after the injury. On examination his best corrected visual acuity was 1/60 in the right eye and hand movement in the left eye. Slit lamp examination revealed a white, mature cataract in the left eye and a developing anterior capsular cataract in the right eye. B-scan of left eye was normal. Fundoscopic examination of right eye was normal. Left cataract surgery was done. Per-operatively, the capsulorhexis was surgically challenging due to the adherence of the cataract with the anterior capsule. The BCVA in the left eye was 6/6 postoperatively.

MeSh Words : Electric Injury Cataract, Phacoemulsification, Capsulorhexis
Effectiveness of Micropulse MP3 Cyclodiode Laser in controlling Intraocular pressure without Acetazolamide
Authors: Wasim Sahira , Ghayoor Imran , Shakir Munira , Zafar Shakir 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Background:
Glaucoma is a 2ndleading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Primary surgical procedures include trabeculectomy with or without anti-metabolites, as well as glaucoma drainage devices. Cycloablation lowers IOP by destruction of ciliary body epithelium and stroma, thus reducing aqueous production.
Objective:
To determine effectiveness of micropulse mp3 cyclodiode laser in controlling intraocular pressure without acetazolamide.
Study design: Descriptive case series study
Place and duration of study: Department of Ophthalmology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi for 6 months duration
Material and Methods:
In our study total 98 patients of either gender with age 20 to 50 years, following inclusion criteria (Chronic open angle glaucoma, Neovascular, Refractory, Uveitic, Trauma induced glaucoma, and Post vitrectomy induced glaucoma) and exclusion criteria (Primary angle closure and Normal tension glaucoma) were included. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Frequencies and percentages were computed for qualitative variables. Quantitative variables were presented as mean±standard deviation. The mean baseline IOP was compared with mean IOP of 3 months using student t-test. Effect modifiers were controlled through stratification. Fisher exact test was used to see the association of effectiveness with stratified groups. P-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant.
Results:
Among total 98 patients, 63.3% were male and 36.7% were female. Mean age was 48.46±13.39 years. The effectiveness of Micropulse Mp3 Cyclodiode Laser was observed in 85.7% cases. Significant mean difference was found for pre-op IOP with IOP after 3 months for right eye and left eye. Insignificant association of effectiveness was found with gender, age, type and procedure.
Conclusion:
Micro pulse MP3 appears to be a promising, safe alternative procedure with potential advantages as well as high level of effectiveness.
Keywords:
Micropulse Mp3 Cyclodiode Laser, Intraocular Pressure, Acetazolamide
Relationship of baseline Hba1c with visual , anatomical outcome and frequency of bevacizumab at 1 year in diabetic macular edema in a trust based hospital , Karachi
Authors: Zaka Royala , Khan Burhan Abdul Majid , Sabri Mirza Zakiuddin Ahmed , Qureshi Rabia 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of baseline Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with visual, anatomical outcomes and frequency of cost effective bevacizumab at 12 months in eyes of diabetic macular edema (DME) in a developing country .
Study Design: Retrospective cross sectional comparative data.
Place and Duration of Study: Prevention of blindness (POB), Karachi, Pakistan between October 2018 and sept 2019.
Methodology: It is a comparative cross sectional retrospective study. A total of 280 patients with DME presenting to the eye OPD of POB who did not receive any treatment before in the absence of concurrent retinal disease and treated with at least 3 intravitreal injections of bevacizumab and who completed the follow-up of 12 months included in the study.
Results: There were 280 patients , male were 149 (53.2%) and female 131 (46.8%), 95% patients age 50 years. Patients divided into 3 groups n= 20 (7.1%) , 187 (66.8%) and 73 (26.1%) patients with Hba1c <7.0 , 7.1-8.0 and > 8.0 respectively. Central macular thicknesss decreased significantly from baseline in all 3 groups with vision improved the most in group 1 <7.0 and group 2 ( 7.1-8.0 HbA1c). The no of antivegf injections increased in all 3 groups but statistically not significant. Significant inverse correlation of baseline HbA1c with vision at 12 month ( r = - 0.40, p<0.01) and positive correlation with central macular thickness. (r=0.53 p<0.01).
Conclusion: Initial baseline Hba1c is strongly related with visual and anatomic outcome at 12 months . Number of injections were increased according to HbA1c in all 3 groups but statistically not significant may be due to the use of economical bevacizumab injection.
Keywords: diabetic macular edema; bevacizumab; hemoglobin A1c; intravitreal injection;
The defeat of wheat varieties by the pathogen Tilletia caries (DC) Tul.
Authors: Holosna L. 
Published: January 2020

Goal. To determine the degree of resistance of collection samples of winter wheat to the pathogen of the common bunt Tilletia caries in the conditions of the Right forest-steppe of Ukraine.
Research Methods. Field. The studies were conducted on the sites of the experimental farm «Glevakha» Vasilkovsky district of Kiev region in 2015—2017. The infectious background of the pathogen of solid bunt was created according to the method of Krivchenko V.I. Sustainability was assessed by counting the number of healthy and diseased ears. The results were differentiated in points on a 9-point scale.
Results. Against an artificial infectious background of the pathogen of hard bunt, the stability of 115 winter wheat cultivars was evaluated. The collection was obtained from the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of the Institute of Plant Production and included varietal samples from 15 countries: Ukraine, Russia, Moldova, Romania, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Iran, Georgia, Hungary, Bulgaria and the USA. Among the varieties of winter wheat of domestic selection, highly resistant (score 9—8) to the causative agent of bunt was not found, resistance (score 7—6) was shown by the varieties Niva and Syaivo (Ukraine). Varieties of foreign selection that showed high resistance (score 9—8) — Galina, Nemchinovskaya 57 (Russia), F 02065G5-21, F 94578G3-1 / BUCUR // DELABRAD and Miranda (Romania), resistant (score 7—6) were — Course (Russia), Noroc (Romania) and MV-Toldi (Hungary).
Conclusions. Varieties of winter wheat Niva, Syaivo, Hvulya, Veteran, L 59, Schedrost and Pobeda of Ukrainian selection, Galina, Nemchinovskaya 57, Course (Russia), F 02065G5-21, F 94578G3-1 / BUCUR // DELABRAD, Miranda, Noroc (Romania ), MV-Toldi (Hungary) in the years of research showed a high resistance to the causative agent of bunt T. caries on an artificial infectious background. All of them can be used in the selection of new productive, disease-resistant varieties.
ENSINO DE ASTRONOMIA: CENÁRIOS DA PRÁTICA DOCENTE NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Gonzatti Sônia Elisa Marchi , De Maman Andréia Spessatto , Borragini Eliana Fernandes , Kerber Júlia Cristina , Haetinger Werner 
Published: January 2020

Neste trabalho são apresentados os principais resultados de uma investigação realizada no campo da Educação em Astronomia, com professores do ensino fundamental de duas regiões do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o cenário regional do ensino de Astronomia, estabelecendo um comparativo com o cenário nacional. Esse estudo abordou três questões: identificar os principais temas de astronomia trabalhados em sala de aula, as estratégias metodológicas e quais as dificuldades apresentadas pelos professores ao desenvolver sua prática. Quanto aos conteúdos, encontrouse uma pulverização dos assuntos abordados, embora temas como movimentos da Terra e fenômenos astronômicos tenham sido citados pela maioria dos participantes. Sobre estratégias, são utilizadas principalmente aulas com apoio de recursos bidimensionais, como filmes, textos, mapas e pesquisa na internet. As principais dificuldades foram: falta de formação específica em relação a conteúdos de Astronomia; nível de abstração dos conteúdos, que dificultam sua compreensão, tanto pelos alunos quanto pelos próprios professores. De maneira geral, esses indicadores convergem para resultados já encontrados em outros estudos que investigam a prática docente em Astronomia, em que as deficiências da formação inicial dos professores, ou mesmo a falta dela, dificulta a adequada abordagem da Astronomia em sala de aula.
THE NEW CURRICULUM STANDARDS FOR ASTRONOMY IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Schleigh Sharon P. , Slater Stephanie J. , Slater Timothy F. , Stork Debra J. 
Published: January 2020

Há um grande interesse em restringir a ampla gama e vasto domínio dos possíveis temas que poderiam ser ensinados sobre astronomia em uma estrutura gerenciável. Embora não haja nenhum currículo nacional obrigatório nos Estados Unidos, uma análise dos três esforços nacionais recentes para criar uma sequência apropriada de conceitos de astronomia por idade para serem ensinados nas escolas primárias e secundárias revela uma considerável falta de consenso a respeito de quais conceitos são mais apropriados para cada idade e quais tópicos devem ser cobertos. O esquema de padronização mais recente para a educação científica dos EUA, o Next Generation Science Standards (Padrões em Ciência: Nova Geração), sugere que a maioria dos conceitos de astronomia devem ser ensinados apenas nos últimos anos de educação do aluno; e no entanto foi recebido com críticas consideráveis. Uma comparação dos esquemas de aprendizagem da astronomia nos Estados Unidos e uma breve discussão das críticas levantadas podem proporcionar aos educadores de astronomia internacionais dados de comparação na formulação de recomendações em suas próprias regiões.
De l’intérêt pour la nature en ville
Authors: Bourdeau-Lepage Lise 
Published: January 2020

Aujourd’hui, une nouvelle relation semble se tisser entre la ville et la nature. Cet article identifie les éléments sur lesquels repose ce nouvel intérêt pour la nature en ville. Il explore plusieurs pistes : la montée de la sensibilisation écologique, les effets du processus d’urbanisation et de la diffusion des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication, la prise de conscience des bienfaits de la nature notamment sur la santé des hommes. Il examine le caractère pluriel de la nature en ville et souligne les différentes fonctions assurées par le végétal en ville et ses effets positifs sur le cadre vie des citadins. Il conclut sur la quête d’une nouvelle harmonie entre la ville et la nature et sur les impensés des politiques publiques menées en matière de nature en ville.
Le Rocher de Cancale, lieu symbolique du nouveau discours gourmand
Authors: Aussudre Matthieu 
Published: January 2020

Lorsque le restaurant apparaît dans la seconde moitié du xviii e siècle à Paris, il entraîne avec lui une nouvelle forme de sociabilité à table et traduit en un lieu la lente réévaluation de la gourmandise qui s’étala sur plusieurs siècles. Un établissement considéré par ses contemporains comme un « temple » de la gourmandise incarna particulièrement cette évolution : le Rocher de Cancale. Installé au carrefour des rues Montorgueil et Mandar, dans le quartier des Halles, il se fit le spécialiste de l’huître, alors un produit extrêmement apprécié, pour attirer une clientèle nombreuse. En instaurant une atmosphère propice à la dégustation et au plaisir sans limites du boire et du manger, il devint le repère des premiers acteurs du nouveau discours gourmand qui se mit en place au début du xix e siècle.
Une peinture sucrée : les plaisirs illégitimes de l’art pompier
Authors: Desbuissons Frédérique 
Published: January 2020

En dépit de la valorisation politique et culturelle de la bonne chère dans la France postrévolutionnaire, la gourmandise n’en conserve pas moins une part d’ambivalence au xix e siècle, en particulier lorsqu’elle prend fond sur la démocratisation de denrées autrefois luxueuses. C’est le cas du sucre, passé en quelques siècles d’épice précieuse à celui d’édulcorant courant. Cette ambivalence se manifeste lorsque la critique d’art déprécie les peintures « pompier » aux surfaces « léchées » et aux effets « crémeux » en les ravalant au rang de confiserie et de pâtisserie, ainsi que dans la disqualification du goût du public pour cet art « sucré ». Récurrentes dès le Second Empire, ces représentations peuvent être comprises dans une triple perspective : esthétique, celle des débats autour du médium pictural ; historique, des changements dans la consommation du sucre en France consécutifs à l’industrialisation de sa production à partir de la betterave ; culturelle, des fonctions normatives de la gastronomie alors qu’augmentent les consommations alimentaires.
Comparison of Retinal Vascular Structure in Eyes With and Without Amblyopia by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Cinar Esat , Yuce Berna , Aslan Fatih , Erbakan Gökhan 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the retinal vascular structure in amblyopic eyes by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods:
Thirty-seven eyes of 37 patients with anisometric amblyopia were compared with 37 eyes of 37 age- and gender-matched control subjects by OCTA in terms of superficial capillary plexus vessel density, deep capillary plexus vessel density, and foveal avascular zone.

Results:

The mean age was 12 ± 4.2 years in patients with amblyopia and 13 ± 6.1 years in individuals without amblyopia. Foveal superficial capillary plexus vessel densities were 20.49% ± 3.27%, 19.70% ± 3.82%, and 19.96% ± 3.84%, and parafoveal superficial capillary plexus vessel densities were 48.50% ± 3.64%, 49.01% ± 3.33%, and 48.9% ± 2.98% in amblyopic, fellow, and control eyes, respectively. The foveal deep capillary plexus vessel densities were 18.95% ± 3.76%, 18.6% ± 4.50%, and 19.29% ± 4.01%, and parafoveal deep capillary plexus vessel densities were 51.0% ± 4.21%, 51.85% ± 4.12%, and 52.03% ± 3.57% in amblyopic, fellow, and control eyes, respectively. Superficial and deep capillary plexus vessel densities in the foveal and parafoveal areas were not significantly different between the groups (
P
> .05). The parafoveal area was evaluated in quadrants. In the superior quadrant, superficial and deep capillary plexus parafoveal densities were significantly lower in amblyopic eyes (
P
< .05). No significant difference was observed in the foveal avascular zone between the groups (
P
> .05).

Conclusions:
Although no significant vascular damage was demonstrated by OCTA in amblyopic eyes, localized defects may be specific for it. Additional studies are needed to evaluate any specific localization of vascular damage related to amblyopia.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(1):48–53.]
Henri Piéron, Hippolyte Luc, Antoine Léon et Maurice Reuchlin : quatre figures de l’histoire de l’éducation et de l’orientation
Authors: Martin Jérôme 
Published: January 2020

Nous parcourons l’histoire de l’orientation à travers la contribution de quatre figures de l’Inetop : Henri Piéron, Hippolyte Luc, Antoine Léon et Maurice Reuchlin. L’Inetop s’est trouvé dès ses origines au centre d’enjeux scientifiques, éducatifs et politiques et apparaît comme le berceau de pratiques et de débats qui ont jalonné l’histoire de l’orientation et des questions éducatives.
Childhood horse and donkey bites; a single tertiary health center experience in a rural area
Authors: Bucak Ibrahim Hakan , Turgut Kasım , Almis Habip , Turgut Mehmet 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of patients presenting to a pediatric emergency department in a rural province of Turkey due to horse and donkey bites and to analyze whether these features differ from those of more common animal bites in rural areas. Materials and Methods: The records of patients presenting to the pediatric emergency department of a tertiary hospital due to horse and donkey bites over a 3-year period were examined retrospectively. Demographic data, month of presentation, animal species involved (horse or donkey), the body area bitten, treatment applied to the wound site, whether tetanus and rabies vaccinations were administered, and whether or not antibiotics were prescribed on discharge from the emergency department were recorded from these files. Results: The annual incidence of horse and donkey bites was determined as 7.8/100,000. Thirty-six patients, 24 (66.7%) boys and 12 (33.3%) girls, with a mean age of 95.6 ± 33.9 (48–190) months, were included in the study. Twenty-six patients (72.2%) were bitten by donkeys, and 10 (27.8%) by horses. Bites were most common in September (30.6%). The most commonly bitten areas were the back and/or upper extremities. Rabies vaccination was administered in all cases. Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid was prescribed in 28 (77.8%) cases. Conclusion: Horse and donkey bites are frequently observed in rural areas. The inhabitants of such areas should therefore be educated concerning horse and donkey bites. Health workers encountering such bites should behave in the same way as in more common animal bites in terms of patient management. Our results will be instructive for other developing countries similar to Turkey.
High-temperature stable piezoelectric transducers using epitaxially grown electrodes
Authors: Wulfmeier Hendrik , Feder René , Zhao Li , Fritze Holger 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Piezoelectric resonators are of great importance for application in high-precision transducers. However, at elevated temperatures, the degradation of commonly used metal electrodes may affect the performance of oxide electrodes of piezoelectric transducers; with sufficiently high electrical conductivity they are expected to overcome this deficit. In the latter case, the stable operation of piezoelectric transducers could be further enhanced if the resonator and electrodes would consist of identical or at least very similar materials; thus, nearly monolithic resonators are created. The present work focuses on two major aspects: the growth of high-quality
langasite (La3Ga5SiO14; LGS) and doped LGS thin-film
electrode layers by pulsed laser ablation and the characterization of the
developed resonator devices. To obtain epitaxial films of the correct
stoichiometry, the deposition on heated substrates is performed in oxygen
atmosphere in the range from 10−3 to 10 Pa. Another requirement for
adjusting the stoichiometry is an increased Ga content in the sputter
targets with respect to LGS to account for Ga evaporation during film
deposition. Additional doping with Sr increases the electrode film
conductivity; thus combined with the use of low-conductivity
single-crystalline catangasite (Ca3TaGa3Si2O14; CTGS) substrates the
ratio between the electrical conductivities of the substrate and the film is
increased, enabling the preparation of nearly monolithic resonators.
The properties of these nearly monolithic resonators are characterized in
the temperature range of 600 to 1000 ∘C and compared to those of CTGS resonator blanks without electrodes. Particular attention is paid to the reproducibility of resonator properties, the electrode orientation and the quality factor. The created nearly monolithic resonator demonstrates stable operation in the temperature range from 600 to 1000 ∘C.
Commercial Litigation in Europe in Transformation: The Case of the Netherlands Commercial Court
Authors: Bauw Eddy 
Published: January 2020

Commercial Litigation in Europe in Transformation: The Case of the Netherlands Commercial Court
The judicial landscape in Europe for commercial litigation is changing rapidly. Many EU countries are establishing international business courts or have done so recently. Unmistakably, the approaching Brexit has had an effect on this development. In the last decades England and Wales – more precise, the Commercial Court in London - has built up a leading position as the most popular jurisdiction for resolving commercial disputes. The central question for the coming years will be what effect the new commercial courts in practice will have on the current dominance of English law and the leading position of the London court. In this article I address this question by focusing on the development of a new commercial court in the Netherlands: the Netherlands Commercial Court (NCC).
Joinder of Non-Consenting Parties: The Singapore International Commercial Court Approach Meets Transnational Recognition and Enforcement
Authors: Stamboulakis Drossos , Crook Blake 
Published: January 2020

Joinder of Non-Consenting Parties: The Singapore International Commercial Court Approach Meets Transnational Recognition and Enforcement
In this article we explore the approach of the Singapore International Commercial Court (the ‘SICC’) to jurisdiction and joinder of non-consenting parties, and way that any resulting judgments are likely to be treated by foreign enforcing courts. This novel juncture arises as international commercial courts, such as the SICC, rely predominantly upon party autonomy to enliven their jurisdiction over disputants. This does not require any territorial link of the parties or the dispute to the host jurisdiction (Singapore). At the same time, however, the SICC is granted a mandate under Singaporean law to join non-consenting parties, again with no necessary territorial link. Where such joinder occurs, any resulting judgment is likely to face significant difficulties if recognition and enforcement is sought outside of Singapore. To support this argument, we first set out the ways in which non-consenting disputants may be joined to proceedings before the SICC, and offer some initial thoughts on how these powers are likely to be exercised. Second, we argue that any such exercise of jurisdiction – that lacks either territorial or consent-based jurisdiction grounds – is unlikely to gain support internationally, by reference to transnational recognition and enforcement approaches, and the SICC’s most likely recognition and enforcement destinations. Finally, we offer some concluding remarks about the utility of international commercial court proceedings against non-consenting parties, including the possibility they may impact on domestic recognition and enforcement approaches in foreign States.
Hostile Heartland
Authors: Campney Brent M. S. 
Published: January 2020

Hostile Heartland examines racial violence—or, more aptly, racist violence—against blacks (African Americans) in the Midwest, emphasizing lynching, whipping, and violence by police (or police brutality). It also focuses on black responses, including acts of armed resistance, the development of local and regional civil rights organizations, and the work of individual activists. Within that broad framework the book considers patterns of institutionalized violence in studies of individual states, like Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Kansas over a number of decades; it also targets specific incidents of such violence or resistance in case studies representative of changes in these patterns like the lynching of Joseph Spencer in Cairo, Illinois, in 1854 and the lynching of Luke Murray in South Point, Ohio, in 1932. Significantly, Hostile Heartland not only addresses the years from the Civil War to World War I, which are the typical focus of such studies, but also incorporates the twenty-five years that precede the Civil War and the additional twenty-five that follow World War I. It pioneers new research methodologies, as exemplified by Chapter 4’s analysis of the relations between and among racist violence, family history, and the black freedom struggle. Finally, Hostile Heartland situates its findings within the historiography more broadly.