bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Surface Expression of Deep Columnar Flows
Authors: Holdenried‐Chernoff D. , Maffei S. , Jackson A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStudies of the Earth's secular variation have blossomed in recent decades, due to the availability of brand‐new satellite data. In particular, flow inversions at the core surface that incorporate the effects of rapid rotation a priori have been able to provide new insight into flows with time scales as short as a few years. These models have been mostly developed in a cylindrical representation, while core inversion methods are based on a spherical surface representation of the flow. This technical brief links band‐limited expressions for the flow coefficients in a cylindrical representation and those in a spherical surface representation and demonstrates that these also remain band limited, with equal degrees of freedom. Correct regularity conditions on the stream function ensure a regular representation of these flows on the spherical surface. A triangular truncation rule for the cylindrical representation that is applicable for “isotropic resolution” is also presented. The equations we derive will be of use in future data‐assimilation work employing this cylindrical flow representation and may prove helpful for conventional core‐inversion strategies.
Evaluation of ductal carcinoma in situ grade via triple-modal molecular imaging of B7-H3 expression
Authors: Bachawal Sunitha , Bean Gregory R. , Krings Gregor , Wilson Katheryne E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) will account for 62,930 cases of breast cancer in 2019. DCIS is a pre-invasive lesion which may not progress to invasive carcinoma, yet surgery remains the mainstay treatment. Molecular imaging of a specific marker for DCIS grade for detection and active surveillance are critically needed to reduce potential overtreatment. First, breast cancer marker B7-H3 (CD276) expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in 123 human specimens including benign epithelium (H-score 10.0 ± 8.2) and low (20.8 ± 17.7), intermediate (87.1 ± 69.5), and high (159.1 ± 87.6) grade DCIS, showing a positive association with DCIS nuclear grade (P < 0.001, AUC 0.96). Next, a murine DCIS model was combined with ultrasound molecular imaging of B7-H3 targeted microbubbles to differentiate normal glands from those harboring DCIS (n = 100, FVB/N-Tg(MMTVPyMT)634Mul, AUC 0.89). Finally, photoacoustic and fluorescence molecular imaging with an anti-B7-H3 antibody-indocyanine green conjugate were utilized for DCIS detection (n = 53). Molecular imaging of B7-H3 expression may allow for active surveillance of DCIS.
Noise and detectivity limits in organic shortwave infrared photodiodes with low disorder
Authors: Wu Zhenghui , Li Ning , Eedugurala Naresh , Azoulay Jason D. , Leem Dong-Seok , Ng Tse Nga 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo achieve high detectivity in infrared detectors, it is critical to reduce the device noise. However, for non-crystalline semiconductors, an essential framework is missing to understand and predict the effects of disorder on the dark current. This report presents experimental and modeling studies on the noise current in exemplar organic bulk heterojunction photodiodes, with 10 donor–acceptor combinations spanning wavelength between 800 and 1600 nm. A significant reduction of the noise and higher detectivity were found in devices using non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) in comparison to those using fullerene derivatives. The low noise in NFA blends was attributed to a sharp drop off in the distribution of bandtail states, as revealed by variable-temperature density-of-states measurements. Taking disorder into account, we developed a general physical model to explain the dependence of thermal noise on the effective bandgap and bandtail spread. The model provides theoretical targets for the maximum detectivity that can be obtained at different detection wavelengths in inherently disordered infrared photodiodes.
Reference exome data for Australian Aboriginal populations to support health-based research
Authors: Weeks Alexia L. , D’Antoine Heather A. , McKinnon Melita , Syn Genevieve , Bessarab Dawn , Brown Ngiare , Tong Steven Y. C. , Reményi Bo , Steer Andrew , Gray Lesley-Ann , Inouye Michael , Carapetis Jonathan R. , Blackwell Jenefer M. , Lassmann Timo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhole exome sequencing (WES) is a popular and successful technology which is widely used in both research and clinical settings. However, there is a paucity of reference data for Aboriginal Australians to underpin the translation of health-based genomic research. Here we provide a catalogue of variants called after sequencing the exomes of 50 Aboriginal individuals from the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia and compare these to 72 previously published exomes from a Western Australian (WA) population of Martu origin. Sequence data for both NT and WA samples were processed using an ‘intersect-then-combine’ (ITC) approach, using GATK and SAMtools to call variants. A total of 289,829 variants were identified in at least one individual in the NT cohort and 248,374 variants in at least one individual in the WA cohort. Of these, 166,719 variants were present in both cohorts, whilst 123,110 variants were private to the NT cohort and 81,655 were private to the WA cohort. Our data set provides a useful reference point for genomic studies on Aboriginal Australians.
The draft genome sequence of an upland wild rice species, Oryza granulata
Authors: Shi Cong , Li Wei , Zhang Qun-Jie , Zhang Yun , Tong Yan , Li Kui , Liu Yun-Long , Gao Li-Zhi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExploiting novel gene sources from wild relatives has proven to be an efficient approach to advance crop genetic breeding efforts. Oryza granulata, with the GG genome type, occupies the basal position of the Oryza phylogeny and has the second largest genome (~882 Mb). As an upland wild rice species, it possesses renowned traits that distinguish it from other Oryza species, such as tolerance to shade and drought, immunity to bacterial blight and resistance to the brown planthopper. Here, we generated a 736.66-Mb genome assembly of O. granulata with 40,131 predicted protein-coding genes. With Hi-C data, for the first time, we anchored ~98.2% of the genome assembly to the twelve pseudo-chromosomes. This chromosome-length genome assembly of O. granulata will provide novel insights into rice genome evolution, enhance our efforts to search for new genes for future rice breeding programmes and facilitate the conservation of germplasm of this endangered wild rice species.
Risk Factors for Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome
Authors: Aoki Takanori , Kitazawa Koji , Inatomi Tsutomu , Kusada Natsuki , Horiuchi Noriko , Takeda Kazunori , Yokoi Norihiko , Kinoshita Shigeru , Sotozono Chie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study investigated corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) in pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome patients and evaluated the clinical factors associated with ECD for 51 eyes of 41 phakic patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX group) and 201 eyes of 117 patients with age-related cataracts (control group) as an age-matched control to the PEX group. Variable clinical factors, including ECD, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), number of anti-glaucoma eye drops and severity of PEX, were examined using multivariate analyses. Severity of PEX was as follows: Mild in 28 eyes, Moderate in 16 eyes, and Severe in 7 eyes. The mean ECD was 2,548 ± 409 cells/mm2 in the PEX group and 2,757 ± 282 cells/mm2 in the control group, respectively, and ECD in the PEX group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P = 0.02). Multivariate analyses revealed that the severity of PEX [−176.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−244.5, −109.2), P < 0.01] was significantly associated with lower ECD. Accumulation of PEX materials contributed to early corneal endothelial decompensation.
Hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products disrupt BBB and promote occludin and claudin-5 protein secretion on extracellular microvesicles
Authors: Rom Slava , Heldt Nathan A. , Gajghate Sachin , Seliga Alecia , Reichenbach Nancy L. , Persidsky Yuri 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCognitive impairment is a well-known complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Microvascular compromise was described one DM complication. Recently we showed blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and memory loss are associated with diminution of tight junctions (TJ) in brain endothelium and pericyte coverage and inflammation in cerebral microvessels and brain tissue paralleling hyperglycemia in mice of both DM types. The current study demonstrates that exposure of brain microvessels to hyperglycemic conditions or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) ex vivo resulted in significant abnormalities in membranous distribution of TJ proteins. We found significant increase in the amount of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from DM mice and enhanced presence of TJ proteins, occludin and claudin-5, on EVs. Exposure of BMVECs to high glucose and AGEs led to significant augmentation of ICAM and VCAM expression, elevated leukocyte adhesion to and migration across BMVEC monolayers, and increased BBB permeability in vitro. Pericytes exposed to hyperglycemia and AGEs displayed diminished expression of integrin α1, PDGF-R1β and connexin-43. Our findings indicate BBB compromise in DM ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo models in association with BMVEC/pericyte dysfunction and inflammation. Prevention of BBB injury may be a new therapeutic approach to avert cognitive demise in DM.
Role of GPRC6A in Regulating Hepatic Energy Metabolism in Mice
Authors: Pi Min , Xu Fuyi , Ye Ruisong , Nishimoto Satoru K. , Williams Robert W. , Lu Lu , Darryl Quarles L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGPRC6A is a widely expressed G-protein coupled receptor that regulates energy metabolism. Global deletion of Gprc6a in mice is reported to result in a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype and conditional deletion of Gprc6a in pancreatic β-cell and skeletal muscle respectively impair insulin secretion and glucose uptake. In the current study, we explore the hepatic functions of GPRC6A by conditionally deleting Gprc6a in hepatocytes by cross breeding Alb-Cre and Gprc6aflox/flox mice to obtain Gprc6aLiver-cko mice. Gprc6aLiver-cko mice on a normal diet showed excessive hepatic fat accumulation and glycogen depletion. These mice also exhibit impaired glucose and pyruvate tolerance, but normal insulin sensitivity. Decreased circulating FGF-21 levels and FGF-21 message expression in the liver were found in Gprc6aLiver-cko mice. Hepatic transcriptome analysis identified alterations in multiple pathways regulating glucose, fat and glycogen metabolism in Gprc6aLiver-cko mice. Taken together, our studies suggest that GPRC6A directly regulates hepatic metabolism as well as regulates the production and release of FGF-21 to control systemic energy homeostasis. GPRC6A’s unique regulation of β-cell, skeletal muscle and hepatic function may represent a new therapeutic target for treating disordered energy metabolism metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Estimating the nonstructural component of the helioseismic surface term using hydrodynamic simulations
Authors: Schou J. , Birch A. C. 
Published: April 2020

Context.As the amount of asteroseismic data available continues to grow, the inability to accurately model observed oscillation frequencies is becoming a critical problem for interpreting these frequencies. A major component of this problem is the modeling of the near-surface layers.Aims.Our aim is to develop a method to estimate the effect of the near-surface layers on oscillation frequencies.Methods.In the proposed method we numerically estimate eigenfunctions in 3D hydrodynamic simulations. We match those to the eigenfunctions calculated from the classic equations applied to the horizontal averages of the structure variables. We use this procedure to calculate the frequency perturbation resulting from the dynamical part of the interaction of the oscillations with near-surface convection. As the last step we scale the numbers to the Sun. To provide a qualitative test of our method we performed a series of simulations, calculated the perturbations using our procedure, and compared them to previously reported residuals relative to solar models.Results.We find that we can largely reproduce the observed frequency residuals without resorting to poorly justified theoretical models. We find that, while the calculations of Houdek et al. (2017, MNRAS, 464, L124) produce similar frequency perturbations, the density-pressure phase differences computed here do not match those of that work.
Lageabhängige Dyspnoe und Lippenzyanose im Rahmen der täglichen Visite – Platypnoe-Orthodeoxie Syndrom
Authors: Dopp Henning , Kröll Markus , Meissner Axel 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund Wir berichten über einen 79-jährigen Patienten, der während der Visite durch lageabhängige Dyspnoe und Lippenzyanose auffiel.
Untersuchungen In liegender Position bestand eine normale Sauerstoffsättigung von > 95 %, welche in aufrechter Position reproduzierbar auf SpO2-Werte von 76–85 % abfiel. Echokardiografisch konnte ein großes persistierendes Foramen ovale (PFO) mit spontanem Rechts-Links-Shunt nachgewiesen werden. Nebenbefundlich fiel ein Aneurysma der thorakalen Aorta auf.
Diagnose Aufgrund der typischen Befundkonstellation aus lageabhängiger Dyspnoe und Sauerstoffsättigungsabfall bei persistierendem Foramen ovale und begleitendem Aortenaneurysma stellten wir die Diagnose eines Platypnoe-Orthodeoxie-Syndroms.
Therapie und Verlauf Nach perkutanem PFO-Verschluss war der Patient beschwerdefrei und die Sauerstoffsättigung blieb lageunabhängig bei > 95 %. Ein relevanter Rechts-Links-Shunt ließ sich echokardiografisch nicht mehr nachweisen.
Folgerung Die Kombination aus lageabhängiger Dyspnoe und objektivierbarem Sauerstoffsättigungsabfall sollte immer an ein mögliches Platypnoe-Orthodeoxie-Syndrom denken lassen. Hierbei sind die ursächlichen Befundkonstellationen vielfaltig und nicht nur kardiologischer Genese.
Vasorelaxing Activity of Stilbenoid and Phenanthrene Derivatives from Brasiliorchis porphyrostele: Involvement of Smooth Muscle CaV1.2 Channels
Authors: Waratchareeyakul Watcharee , Fusi Fabio , Durante Miriam , Ahmed Amer , Knirsch Walter , Mas-Claret Eduard , Mulholland Dulcie A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFive compounds, 3,4′-dihydroxy-3′,5,5′-trimethoxydihydrostilbene, 1; 3,4′-ihydroxy-3′,5′-dimethoxydihydrostilbene, 2; 3,4′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethoxydihydrostilbene, 3; 9,10-dihydro-2,7-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenanthrene, 4; and the previously unreported 1,2,6,7-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxyphenanthrene, 5 were isolated from the South American orchid, Brasiliorchis porphyrostele. An in-depth analysis of their vascular effects was performed on in vitro rat aorta rings and tail main artery myocytes. Compounds 1 – 4 were shown to possess vasorelaxant activity on rings pre-contracted by the α
1 receptor agonist phenylephrine, the CaV1.2 stimulator (S)-(−)-Bay K 8644, or depolarized with high K+ concentrations. However, compound 5 was active solely on rings stimulated by 25 mM but not 60 mM K+. The spasmolytic activity of compounds 1 and 4 was significantly affected by the presence of an intact endothelium. The KATP channel blocker glibenclamide and the KV channel blocker 4-aminopyridine significantly antagonized the vasorelaxant activity of compounds 4 and 1, respectively. In patch-clamp experiments, compounds 1 – 4 inhibited Ba2+ current through CaV1.2 channels in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas neither compound 4 nor compound 1 affected K+ currents through KATP and KV channels, respectively. The present in vitro, comprehensive study demonstrates that Brasiliorchis porphyrostele may represent a source of vasoactive agents potentially useful for the development of novel antihypertensive agents that has now to be validated in vivo in animal models of hypertension.
Umfrage der „Jungen HNO“ zur aktuellen Situation der Weiterbildung von HNO-Ärzten
Authors: Rauch Ann-Kathrin , Heuermann Katharina , Leffers David , Kriesche Franziska , Abrams Nils , Yilmaz Murat , Dahlem Kilian , Deitmer Thomas , Dietz Andreas , Möllenhoff Kathrin , Shabli Sami 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Es wurden die Weiterbildungsassistenten im Fach HNO zur Situation der Weiterbildung und den Arbeitsbedingungen befragt. Die Weiterbildung ist der Schlüssel zur Ausbildung des Nachwuchses im Fachbereich.
Methoden Vom 25.04.–01.08.2019 wurden alle 691 bei der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie (DGHNO-KHC) registrierten Ärzte in Weiterbildung in der HNO zur anonymen Teilnahme an einer Online-Umfrage mittels SurveyMonkey® zur Situation der Weiterbildung in der HNO und den Arbeitsbedingungen eingeladen. 25 von 80 Fragen wurden zu dem Themenfeld Weiterbildungsstruktur und -qualität gestellt.
Ergebnisse Die Rücklaufquote betrug 36 % (n = 249). Die Teilnehmer attestierten ihrer Weiterbildung ein durchschnittliches Ergebnis. Hauptsächlich sehen sie Defizite in der Weiter- und Ausbildungsstruktur und -kultur mit Wunsch nach verbessertem Feedback und verbesserter operativer Ausbildung. Mit fortgeschrittener Weiterbildungszeit waren die Teilnehmer unzufriedener, unabhängig von Trägerschaft und Versorgungstyp.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Befragung der Weiterbildungsassistenten regt konkrete Verbesserungen der HNO-ärztlichen Weiterbildung an. Hierbei werden vorrangig die Zusammenarbeit mit der Fachgesellschaft zur Weiterentwicklung der Aus- und Fortbildungsstruktur, strukturiertes Feedback und Supervision, transparente Rotationspläne und verlässliche Arbeitsbedingungen genannt.
Safety and Technical Success of CT-Guided Bone Marrow Biopsy in Obese Patients
Authors: Manchec Barbara , Limback Joseph , Liu Bo , Pepe Julie W , Burt Jeremy , Contreras Francisco , Ward Thomas J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose Obesity can make bone marrow biopsy using manual landmarks as guidance technically challenging. This retrospective review was performed to assess the safety and technical success of performing bone marrow biopsies with computed tomography (CT)–guidance in obese patients.
Materials and Methods This single-institution, retrospective study included 1,016 CT-guided bone marrow biopsies performed between 2009 and 2016. Thirty-four percent (n = 348) were performed in patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or greater, and 7% (n = 75) were performed in patients with a BMI greater than 40 kg/m2. Demographic information, BMI, and complications were reviewed. The primary endpoint was technical success and procedurally related hemorrhagic complication. The electronic medical record was reviewed to identify procedural related hemorrhagic complications, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Grade 3 or above. The complication rates in obese patients were compared with patients with a BMI less than 30 kg/m2.
Results Biopsy was successfully performed in all patients. No biopsies resulted in a CTCAE Grade 3 or above complication. There was no difference in complication rate (0%) based on BMI. For patients with a BMI < 30 kg/m2, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, and BMI > 40 kg/m2, complications rates were 0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0–0.4%), 0% (95% CI: 0–0.9%), and 0% (95% CI: 0–4%), respectively.
Conclusions CT-guided bone marrow biopsy in obese patients can be performed with a high rate of technical success and is safe. If patient body habitus limits the ability to palpate physical landmarks needed to perform bone marrow biopsy without image guidance, CT-guided bone marrow biopsy should be considered.
AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS
Authors: K. Jayaprakash Shetty , Kumar Ajith , Shetty Shantharam , L. Kishan Prasad H. , Rao Chandrika 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis most commonly occurring in children, demonstrates a broad spectrum of clinical and radiologic features that may mimic those of infection as well as benign and malignant tumors. Osseous involvement is the most common manifestation. Recognition of the skeletal alterations is important so that the disease is considered as differential diagnosis. This disease is of unknown aetiology, non-specific clinical and imaging findings with diagnosis possible only on histopathological examination, will always pose a diagnostic challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon. Here by we are reporting two cases of eosinophilic granuloma that has presented with lytic lesion in the tibia and scapula. The clinico-radiological suspicion was either infection or tumour of the affected bones. Hence, core biopsy was done confirmed as eosinophilic granuloma on histopathology and immunohistochemistry.
A SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION OF RAPID DOT-EIA, BLOOD CULTURE AND WIDAL TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER
Authors: Sanjeev H. , Nayak Sweetha , B. Pai Asha K. , Rekha Rai , Karnaker Vimal , R. Ganesh H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, is endemic in the Indian sub-continent including Bangladesh, South-east and Far-east Asia, Africa and South Central America. The disease can occur in all age group with highest incidence among children. Blood culture is regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis and carry 70-75% diagnostic yield in the first week of illness. However, this requires laboratory equipment and technical training that are beyond the means of most primary health care facilities in the developing world. Typhidot is a rapid dot-enzyme immune assay (EIA), which detects IgG and IgM antibodies to a specific 50 kD outer membrane protein (OMP) antigen of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. Typhidot becomes positive as early as in the first week of fever. The results can be visually interpreted and is available within one hour.
Materials and method: Fifty blood samples, collected aseptically from patients clinically diagnosed of Typhoid fever, were evaluated by blood culture, Widal test and Typhidot.
Results: Of the 50 patients, 33 (66%) were positive by blood culture. Widal test was positive in 33(66%) patients which included 26 in blood culture positive patients and 7 in blood culture negative patients. Typhidot was positive in 37 (74%) patients. Thus, in comparison to the gold standard test i:e blood culture, Typhidot and Widal test had sensitivity and specificity of 100% & 76% and 78.78% & 58.82% respectively.
Conclusion: Typhidot is found to have high sensitivity and good specificity and could be applied as a good alternate in resource poor nation. Further, it is simple to perform, reliable when compared to Widal test, and rapid, with results being available in one hour when compared to 48 hours for blood culture and 18 hours for Widal test.