bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REFERENCE-SCALED AVERAGE BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDY OF PAROXETINE UNDER FED CONDITIONS: VALIDATION OF SAMPLE SIZE ESTIMATION BY BOOTSTRAPPING TECHNIQUE
Authors: CHANDRAKALA V  , UTPAL KUMAR SANKI  
Published: October 2019

Objective: New technique was adopted and validated to estimate pivotal sample size from the pilot study data and to establish bioequivalence (BE) of highly variable drugs (HVD), paroxetine, a novel controlled release (CR) matrix tablets utilized ghatti Gum as a rate controlling membrane, in human subject under fed conditions by reference scale design.
Methods: Bootstrapping technique was adopted to calculate the pivotal sample size from pilot study data for HVD paroxetine. The reliability and validation of the method were tested in a semi replicate three sequence (RRT, RTR, and TRR where T stand for test drug and R stand for reference drug) cross-over BE study in 24 healthy subjects under fed conditions.
Results: The ratio of the pharmacokinetic (PK) metric obtained from the bootstrapping technique after log transformation was 1.04 for Cmax, 1.23 for AUCT, and 1.21 for AUCI with corresponding power of the study which was greater than 80% from pilot study data simulation. The ratio of the PK metric obtained from the reference scaling design in the present study was 1.00 for Cmax, 1.21 for AUCT, and 1.17 for AUCI. The upper limit of the Cmax, AUCT, and AUCI at 95% confidence limit was −0.143, −0.136, and −0.17, respectively.
Conclusion: The test paroxetine CR formulation was bioequivalent with reference drug under fed conditions. The technique used for estimation of the sample size in the pivotal study was found reliable, and bootstrapping technique plays an important role in calculating sample size where intrasubject variability was immaterial.
DETERMINATION OF PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS USING SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD
Authors: WASAN A AL-UZRI  
Published: October 2019

Objective: A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been presented for the determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride by coupling reaction with diazotized sulfacetamide sodium.
Methods: The method is based on the diazotization reaction of sulfacetamide sodium with sodium nitrite in the presence of hydrochloric acid to form diazonium salt, which is coupled with the drug in alkaline medium to form azo dye, showing absorption maxima at 425 nm.
Results: Calibration plot was linear over the concentration range of 2–24 μg/mL and detection limit of 0.278 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9929. All different chemical and physical experimental parameters affecting on the development and stability of the colored product were carefully studied.
Conclusions: The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of phenylephrine in nasal drops with good precision and sensitivity.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MICROEMULSION GEL FOR TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF TRAMADOL
Authors: MURUGANANTHAM V  , PRABAKARAN M  , PASUPATHI C  , PEELY LR  , POOJA B  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present work was carried out to design microemulsion gel system for transdermal delivery of the drug to minimize the side effects and to reduce the frequency of administration and for prolonging the duration of action.
Methods: Tramadol, an opioid analgesic drug, was mixed with various selected polymers such as sodium alginate (SA), acacia, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and Eudragit in geometric mixing ratios. The drug, polymer, and other excipients were mixed thoroughly by trituration method and different formulations (F1-F8) were prepared the same quantity of all the ingredients excepting the polymers.
Results: The different formulations prepared, studied, and showed that the formulation using SA as polymeric carrier had a better effect on the evaluated parameters. The drug-SA formulation exhibited better drug-polymer compatibility, optimal viscosity (2750 cps), zeta potential (−26.1 Mv), and particle size distribution (262.8 d.nm) values. The in vitro release studies also indicated that the drug-SA formulation was of desirable release pattern, thus indicating that SA to be a better choice in formulating a transdermal delivery gel system.
Conclusion: Evaluated microemulsion gel formulation F2 of tramadol with polymeric carriers SA was much stable than other carriers used. Thus, it could be concluded that the gel formulation with SA can be taken as an ideal formulation.
BIOMEDICINAL AND GASTROPROTECTIVE ASPECTS OF ORGANOBISMUTH COMPOUNDS: RECENT APPROACHES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Authors: SYED MISBAHUL HASAN  , SHIVBHADRA SINGH  , RAVI KANT  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Peptic ulcer is a disease caused due to an imbalance of aggressive and defensive factors in the body. Helicobacter pylori infections and colonization are also associated strongly to the peptic ulcer disease. Bismuth-containing organic compounds have been attributed to a major influential role in the successful treatment of peptic ulcer by inhibiting gastric acid secretion and provide cytoprotective properties which result in ulcer healing. Hence, the objective of this review is to discuss recent approaches and future perspectives of organobismuth compounds in the treatment of peptic ulcer.
Results: A total of 112 papers were included in the review, among them 20 papers describe the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer, 10 papers discuss about diagnostic test for H pylori infection, 4 papers describe the drug regimen used in peptic ulcer treatment, 13 papers discuss about failure and alternative therapies for treatment of peptic ulcer, 8 papers describe the chemistry of bismuth, 20 papers discuss about mechanism of action of bismuth, 27 papers describe the newer bismuth complexes for H. pylori eradication, and 8 paper discuss about gastroprotective activity of bismuth-containing derivatives.
Conclusion: Organobismuth compounds/drugs are effective to eradicate H. pylori in conjunction with antibiotics. It also provides gastroprotective action and dramatic decrease of relapse rate which accounts for further exploration of organobismuth compounds to pave new ways for the design and synthesis of novel compounds in the effective treatment of peptic ulcer.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF ZANTHOXYLUM OVALIFOLIUM WEIGHT METHANOLIC EXTRACT ON ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Authors: PAVANI P  , RAJA NAIKA  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The object of the present study, the methanolic leaf extract of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium was examined for anti-inflammatory activity and tested using carrageenan-induced paw edema in albino Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: The rats were grouped into five, each group consisting of six animals, Group I (negative control) received 1 ml of saline, Group II (standard) received 10 mg/kg p. o. of indomethacin, and remaining three groups received three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg p. o.) of the methanolic leaf extract after 1 h 0.1 ml of 1% carrageenan injection. The result of anti-inflammatory activity was set up to be dose-dependent in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model.
Results: The methanolic leaf extract has shown significant (p<0.001) inhibition of paw edema, 66%, 66.03%, and 69.29% on the 3rd h at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p. o., respectively. The results were expressed as the Mean±standard error of mean and statistical significance was analyzed by ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. The methanolic leaf of Z. ovalifolium extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity compared with the standard drug indomethacin.
Conclusion: Methanolic leaf extract of Z.ovalifolium showed excellent results in the anti-inflammatory experiment so, the plant can be explored as a potential medicine in suppressing inflammation.
THE EVALUATION OF THE WOUND HEALING PROPERTIES OF METHANOLIC BARK EXTRACT OF SAMADERA INDICA GAERTNER IN VIVO
Authors: Bhat Rama , PR Deepa , Rao Ravi 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The exracts of Samadera indica used in traditional medicines for the treatment of skin diseases, rheumatism, cough and to kill head lice.
The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the wound healing activity of methanolic bark extract of Samadera indica.
Methods: The bark samples of were collected, allowed to shade dry for a week, then coarsely powdered and was extracted with methanol by soxhlation process. The extract was used for wound healing experiment using excision wound model. 18 healthy Wistar albino rats divided into three groups of six rats each with average body weight of 150-200 g were selected randomly for the study. ANOVA was used to compare the variation in the treatments in the result. The 1st group of animals are left as such for natural healing process as control, 2nd group of animals were treated with standard ointment betadien and 3rd group with the test drug methanolic bark ointment formulation. The methanolic extract in simple ointment base as mentioned above and betadien ointment were applied on the wound once a day for 16 days starting from the day of wounding. The percentage wound closure was observed on 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th post wounding day.
Results: As for the group received methanolic bark extract for wound healing, fourth day wound mean diameter was 208.0±3.521, 8th day the wound mean diameter was 160.66±7.89, 12th day wound mean diameter was 87.5±5.8 and 16th day wound mean diameter was 22.5±5.12. Comparing to standard drug betadien the bark extract showed faster healing in terms of diameter of wound which was statistically signified.
Conclusions: The results of the experiment revealed that there was marked decrease in wound diameter with every point of time the observation made indicating the effect of extract on progressive healing of wound. Samadera indica proved its wound healing potential of the plant extract which is due to the bioactive compounds and thus the study supports local folklore practitioners and tribal people for the use of plant in different ailments.
QUALITY CONTROL EVALUATION OF IN HOUSE PREPARED POLYHERBAL AYURVEDIC FORMULATION SAPTAVIMSATIKA GUGGLU
Authors: Nainwal Pankaj 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Plants and their constituent are having potential of treating any human suffering in form of disease. Various combination of plant extract is used as a remedy for treating these disorders. However the usage and dose of these extract which are in random and unspecified is a big challenge for acceptance as a medicine till not get standardized. The most important Ayurvedic drugs i.e. Saptavimsatika guggulu had been selected from Ayurvedic famous books named API Ayurvedic Monographs for Phytochemical and Physicochemical study. This Ayurvedic drugs is mainly and commonly used in the treatment of heart, skin and stomach related disease. Drug preparation was done during an event organized by our University under theme Rx-Thon.
Methods: Physico and Phytochemical study both had been done in the labs of School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University. Values like Exractive value, Ash value, Mosture content, pH values, True density, bulk density, angle of repose, carr's index, hausner's ratio, Florescence analysis, TLC was covered in the study
Result: Phytochemical study revealed that reducing sugars, tannin, phenolic compounds, saponin glycosides, and gum were present in the sample. Various physico-chemical parameter had been studied in the standardization procedures. The extractive, ash values, florescence analysis was done and was compared to reference standard.
Conclusion: The physicochemical standardization of polyherbal formulation Saptavimsatika guggulu was carried out. The individual ingredients of the formulation were authenticated and standardized as per WHO guidelines and Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. The in-house formulation was prepared and studied for various physicochemical properties. Although no marketed sample is available hence a porbability is made under standard evaluation parameter to launch this product in market for sale.
Transculturación y espacialidad del capital. A propósito de Contrapunteo cubano del tabaco y el azúcar
Authors: Pacheco Chávez Víctor Hugo 
Published: October 2019

<p class="p1"> El trabajo aborda la manera en cómo desde las propuestas de Fernando Ortiz en su ensayo Contrapunteo cubano del tabaco y el azúcar pudiera pensarse el modo en que se construye y despliega la espacialidad del capital. Se explora cómo el paso de una economía no capitalista a otra sujeta a la lógica del capital tuvo efectos en la manera en que Ortiz pensó la transculturación. En este sentido se establece una relación entre el proceso de transculturación y sus aspectos económicos, culturales y sociales. Además de que se menciona la importancia del término acuñado por Ortiz para los debatesactuales sobre identidad en la región latinoamericana.</p>
ORTHVOLTAGE X-RAY THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF 0-2 GONARTHRITIS STAGES: LONGTERM RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED TRIAL. THE DYNAMICS OF A PAIN SYNDROME
Authors: Makarova M. V. , Titova L. V. , Valkov M. Yu. 
Published: October 2019

The aim of the study was the comparative analysis of treatment for gonarthritis of 0–2 stages by symptomatic therapy (Symptomatic slow acting drugs for osteoarthritis — SYSADOA) and in combination with orthovoltage x-ray therapy (OVRT) within an open randomized study.Material and methods. The study included patients with clinically confirmed gonarthritis. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, each of them was administered a combined SYSADOA glucosamine (500 mg) and chondroitin (400 mg) sulfate, OVRT was prescribed to patients of second group. OVRT was performed on X-ray machine Xstrahl-200, a single dose was 0,45 Gy, in 10 sessions to a total dose of 4,5 Gy. The pain syndrome was evaluated by VAS, WOMAC scales, efficiency of the treatment by OARSI/OMERACT (reduction of VAS and WOMAC by more than 20% of the baseline). Disability and the number of endoprosthesis replacement were also analyzed. Evaluation was performed before, after treatment, 6, 12 and 36 months.Results. There were selected 300 patients, 150 in each group, eight people were lost. By the end of the treatment there were no statistically significant differences in the reduction of pain syndrome evaluating by VAS and WOMAC A. After 6–36 months degree of pain reduction was significantly higher in the OVRT group. After three years in the OVRT group, WOMAC A levels, VAS, VAS 20%, WOMAC A 20% were 21,9, 21,2, 69%, 78%, in the SYSADOA group 53,5, 54,9, 25%, 32%, p<0,0001. In the SYSADOA group, by the end of follow-up, 48 (32,9%) patients had a disability group, 42 (28,8%) underwent endoprosthesis replacement, in the combined treatment group — four and four cases (2,7%), respectively, p<0,0001.Conclusion: there was stable reduction of pain syndrome level among patients underwent OVRT, and improvement of the functional state of the joint, which allows to reduce the frequency of disability and knee endoprosthesis replacement.
Caracterización de pacientes con hepatitis C crónica tratados en un hospital de alta complejidad de Medellín
Authors: Ledezma Morales Mónica , Restrepo Gutierrez Juan Carlos , Amariles Muñoz Pedro , Trillos Almanza Maria Camila , Vargas Ruiz Rubén Darío 
Published: October 2019

Introducción: la hepatitis C (HepC) representa un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Se estima que en Colombia la prevalencia de virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) está entre el 0,5-1 %, y asciende al 2,1 % en pacientes mayores de 50 años. La Unidad de Hepatología del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe (HPTU) ha sido un referente en el manejo de la HepC en Medellín y Colombia durante años.
Objetivo: describir las características sociodemográficas/clínicas y los resultados en salud de los pacientes con HepC crónica atendidos en el HPTU entre 2013 y 2018.
Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de pacientes con HepC crónica atendidos entre el 1 de enero de 2013 y el 31 de marzo de 2018.
Resultados: se analizaron 108 pacientes. La edad promedio fue de 55,8 años (desviación estándar [DE] 13,7), 51,9 % eran hombres, y 78,7 % pertenecían al régimen contributivo. El mecanismo de transmisión más frecuente fue la hemotransfusión; el genotipo 1 predominó en el grupo de pacientes analizados. La efectividad de los esquemas con interferón fue del 46,9 % y de los antivirales de acción directa (AAD) del 94,6 %. La presencia de reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM) fue del 68,2 % en pacientes con esquemas con interferón/ribavirina y del 25,9 % en pacientes con AAD.
Conclusiones: se realiza la caracterización de los pacientes atendidos en el HPTU, en quienes los AAD han mostrado mayor efectividad y seguridad en comparación con esquemas con interferón/ribavirina.
El liderazgo adecuado para dirigir los aspectos ambientales en una organización
Authors: Torres-Flórez Dagoberto 
Published: October 2019

Para dirigir los aspectos ambientales de una organización, elegir un tipo de liderazgo como si fuera un menú o fórmula secreta para resolver un problema, sería necesario analizar algunos tipos de liderazgo. Del liderazgo moral se resalta la importancia de servir a la comunidad, de pensar en el bienestar colectivo como se puede sentir en nuestra actualidad con el tema de mejorar los hábitos y estilos de vida saludable, del cuidado del medio ambiente, de la responsabilidad social de mejorar la calidad de vida primando el interés general sobre el particular (Donaires Sánchez, 2003).
Con el liderazgo en valores la importancia que produce el líder sobre sus seguidores, provocando cambios a partir de la concientización acerca de la importancia y el valor de los resultados obtenidos tras la realización de las tareas asignadas, a esto se puede relacionar con la responsabilidad que tiene el líder respecto a imprimir en sus seguidores el cuidado hacia la gestión ambiental, el cuidado del medio, como valor a los objetivos organizacionales, buscando el equilibrio entre lo ambiental, lo social y lo económico (Nader & Castro Solano, 2007).
La integración del marketing online con la optimización y el community manager para pymes a nivel internacional para el 2016
Authors: Urrea Ortiz Àngela Rocio 
Published: October 2019

Este artículo mostrará el surgimiento de una nueva profesión Community Management y la importancia del marketing online en Europa y América Latina debido a que los contenidos son los pilares de marketing y a la hora de realizar la estrategia en marketing que se plantea una estructura y una organización que estará orientada a la fidelización y a la conversión. En la actualidad está siendo una herramienta para la investigación, la curación de contenidos y la calidad. Las empresas a nivel internacional buscan que la redacción sea optimización en los artículos y que sea cercano al lector y lo importante que es crear una estrategia de visual content marketing o marketing de contenidos visuales, para transformar a la marca en imágenes en acción que den una nueva dimensión a la empresa.
Los contenidos con marketing generan una emoción hacia al lector y al realizar el de una manera muy visual se transmite ideas y conocimiento que el usuario recibe y le aporta valor. Esta estrategia de marketing de contenidos no se concibe de una manera aislada, sino que se engloba dentro de un plan mayor en la que se plasman todas las acciones a realizar en los distintos campos, desde las redes sociales hasta las partes de SEO; SEM entre otros aspectos.
Clima laboral en empresas del sector servicios en el Municipio de Puebla
Authors: Pérez Paredes Alfredo , Torralba Flores Amado , Cruz de los Ángeles José Aurelio 
Published: October 2019

Es de vital importancia estudiar el clima laboral, como un indicador que mide la satisfacción, el desempeño de los trabajadores en su ambiente de trabajo, y detectar áreas de oportunidad en las empresas. Para ello se aplicó un instrumento y medir la percepción del clima laboral en las empresas del sector servicios en el municipio de Puebla, determinándose una muestra de 311 organizaciones, con un promedio de 0 a 10 empleados, el cuestionario está estructurado en ocho dimensiones, como: a) Satisfacción del personal en su trabajo, b) La opinión que tienen los trabajadores hacia sus superiores, c) El compañerismo en el trabajo d) Opinión relativa al puesto de trabajo, e) Equidad de género, f) Permanencia en la empresa, g) Remuneración salarial, h) Confort y ergonomía. De los resultados obtenidos la dimensión que tiene una mejor evaluación es la d) Opinión relativa al puesto de trabajo, y la más baja la f) Permanecía del trabajador en la empresa lo que refleja movilidad de los trabajadores en busca de oportunidades.
Análisis del financiamiento en microempresas de Puebla (México)
Authors: Pérez Paredes Alfredo , Torralba Flores Amado , Cruz de los Ángeles José Aurelio , Calderón Mora Emilio Adolfo 
Published: October 2019

El presente artículo tiene como propósito realizar un análisis de un aspecto que es fundamental para las microempresas, como es su financiamiento. Se analiza el caso de microempresas ubicadas en el municipio de Puebla (México). Una de los limitantes para establecer y administrar una empresa, es el acceso a los recursos financieros. El trabajo se encuentra estructurado en dos partes: la primera aborda la revisión de dos teorías financieras y en la segunda parte se describe la metodología de investigación y se presentan los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación de un instrumento. El instrumento empleado fue validado con el coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach y presenta las características del origen del capital inicial al aperturar la empresa y cómo es el manejo de los recursos financieros, sobre todo, en las decisiones de financiamiento y otorgamiento de crédito a los clientes.
Algunos de los resultados más representativos tienen que ver con el uso de los financiamientos, el origen de los recursos solicitados, en qué se empleó el dinero recibido y por último se determinó si se otorga financiamiento a los clientes.
La investigación de mercados y su uso en la toma de decisiones
Authors: Salas Leal Ginna Katherine , Botero Gutíerrez Ingrid Astrid 
Published: October 2019

Las empresas actualmente deben enfrentarse a los cambios ocasionados por la globalización, lo cual ha sido una tarea difícil para algunos empresarios que insisten en desarrollar estrategias empíricamente, generando, en algunos casos, toma de decisiones erróneas que con el tiempo se ven reflejadas en la vulnerabilidad empresarial ante el constante cambio del mercado. A raíz de esta problemática, la investigación de mercados puede considerarse como una solución a este fenómeno, puesto que como proceso sistemático proporciona la cantidad de información necesaria y precisa que busca apoyar la toma de decisiones, tras conocer los factores internos y externos que inciden en la empresa, y aquellas situaciones de gran importancia para lograr competitividad y perdurabilidad en el mercado que cada día se hace más exigente en cuanto al comportamiento de compra de los consumidores, los canales de distribución, características del producto y otros aspectos, que influencian en la imagen corporativa y desempeño de las organizaciones. Adicional a esto, brinda beneficios que permiten diseñar estrategias de marketing más eficientes que, finalmente, traerán una serie de respuestas positivas resumidas en un crecimiento organizacional.