bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between ‘horror’ and ‘honour’: the legacy of the Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre for the descendants of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny
Authors: Breton Nicolas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article explores the memory of a traumatic event across several generations. It focuses on the legacy of the Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre and its impact on the political decisions taken by the descendants of the massacre’s first victim, Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, especially the admiral’s son François de Châtillon (1557–91) and grandson Gaspard III of Châtillon (1584–1646). It argues that the tragic events surrounding the massacre played a crucial role in the identity and collective memory of a major aristocratic family in early modern France. This collective memory evolved as it was passed on and appropriated by each successive generation. While François de Châtillon pursued above all a desire to avenge Admiral Coligny’s ignominious death by continuing his fight against the house of Guise, for Gaspard III de Châtillon the admiral’s legacy became a moral obligation to continue his work in support of royal authority.
The Impact of Sheltering in Place During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Older Adults’ Social and Mental Well-Being
Authors: Krendl Anne C , Perry Brea L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We examined whether social isolation due to the COVID-19 shelter-in-place orders was associated with greater loneliness and depression for older adults, and, if so, whether declines in social engagement or relationship strength moderated that relationship.

Methods
Between April 21 and May 21, 2020, 93 older adults in the United States who had completed measures characterizing their personal social networks, subjective loneliness, and depression 6–9 months prior to the pandemic completed the same measures via phone interview, as well as questions about the impact of the pandemic on their social relationships.

Results
Older adults reported higher depression and greater loneliness following the onset of the pandemic. Loneliness positively predicted depression. Perceived relationship strength, but not social engagement, moderated this relationship such that loneliness only predicted depression for individuals who became closer to their networks during the pandemic. For those who felt less close, depression was higher irrespective of loneliness.

Discussion
The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected older adults’ mental health and social well-being in the short term. Potential long-term impacts are considered.
Exacerbating Inequalities: Social Networks, Racial/Ethnic Disparities, and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States
Authors: Gauthier Gertrude R , Smith Jeffrey A , García Catherine , Garcia Marc A , Thomas Patricia A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The disruption and contraction of older adults’ social networks are among the less discussed consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective was to provide an evidence-based commentary on racial/ethnic disparities in social network resources and draw attention to the ways in which disasters differentially affect social networks, with meaningful insight for the ongoing pandemic.

Methods
We draw upon prior research on social networks and past natural disasters to identify major areas of network inequality. Attention is given to how pre-pandemic racial/ethnic network disparities are exacerbated during the current crisis, with implications for physical and mental health outcomes.

Results
Evidence from the literature shows a robust association between strong social networks and physical and mental health outcomes. During times of crisis, access to social networks for older adults is disrupted, particularly for marginalized groups. We document pre-pandemic disparities in social networks resources and offer insight for examining the impact of COVID-19 on disrupting social networks among older adults.

Discussion
Importantly, racial/ethnic disparities in social networks both prior to and as a result of the pandemic intensify existing inequalities and demonstrate the necessity of better understanding social network inequalities for marginalized older adults, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 health crisis.
Dual Trajectories of Dementia and Social Support in the Mexican-Origin Population
Authors: Rote Sunshine M , Angel Jacqueline L , Kim Jiwon , Markides Kyriakos S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
In the next few decades, the number of Mexican American older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders will increase dramatically. Given that this population underutilizes formal care services, the degree of care responsibilities in Mexican American families is likely to increase at the same time. However, little is known about the changing need for assistance with instrumental day-to-day activities and emotional support by long-term patterns of cognitive impairment.

Research Design and Methods
We use 7 waves of the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (1992/1993–2010/2011) and trajectory modeling to describe long-term patterns of perceived emotional and instrumental support, and dementia.

Results
Results revealed 2 latent classes of both emotional and instrumental support trajectories: low and high support. Specifically, those living alone were more likely to belong to the group with low support than to that with high support. Three latent classes for likely dementia were also revealed: likely dementia, increasing impairment, and no impairment. Those living alone were more likely to belong to the increasing impairment and likely dementia groups. The dual trajectory of emotional and instrumental support with likely dementia revealed that the probability of belonging to the low-support group was highest for those with increasing impairment.

Discussion and Implications
These findings highlight the risk and vulnerability of those who live alone concerning perceived social support and dementia. Implications of the findings for the potential dependency burden on Latino caregivers are discussed.
Changes in Subjective Age During COVID-19
Authors: Terracciano Antonio , Stephan Yannick , Aschwanden Damaris , Lee Ji Hyun , Sesker Amanda A , Strickhouser Jason E , Luchetti Martina , Sutin Angelina R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
To examine the change in subjective age with the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Two competing hypotheses were tested: (a) people felt increasingly older due to the stress generated by the pandemic and (b) people felt increasingly younger due to psychological distancing from older age, a vulnerability to COVID-19.

Research Design and Methods
An age- and sex-stratified sample of adults from across the United States (baseline N = 3,738) was assessed on 3 occasions: before the COVID-19 outbreak in late January/early February and during the outbreak in late March and again in late April. Multilevel modeling analysis examined the change in subjective age and tested potential moderators of individual differences in the trajectory of subjective age.

Results
The average trajectory of subjective age followed a concave curve, with a nadir (feeling younger) during the second assessment in late March. Older age, negative expectations about aging, absence of preexisting conditions, and less stress during COVID-19 were associated with feeling younger but did not predict the rate of change. The only significant predictor of change in subjective age was the belief that the “coronavirus is only a threat to older adults”: The more individuals agreed with this statement, the more likely it was that they felt increasingly younger at follow-up.

Discussion and Implications
Subjective age changed during a global health crisis, with people feeling younger with the emergence of COVID-19. The findings support the hypothesis that subjective age partly reflects a coping process of psychological distancing from older age, the age group most vulnerable to COVID-19.
The capsular polysaccharides of Pasteurella multocida serotypes B and E: Structural, genetic and serological comparisons
Authors: Michael Frank St , Cairns Chantelle M , Fleming Perry , Vinogradov Evgeny V , Boyce John D , Harper Marina , Cox Andrew D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We describe the structural characterization of the capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of Pasteurella multocida serotypes B and E. CPS was isolated following organic solvent precipitation of the supernatant from flask grown cells. Structural analysis utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy enabled the determination of the CPS structures and revealed significant structural similarities between the two serotypes, but also provided an explanation for the serological distinction. This observation was extended by the development of polyclonal sera to the glycoconjugate of serotype B CPS that corroborated the structural likenesses and differences. Finally, identification of these structures enabled a more comprehensive interrogation of the genetic loci and prediction of roles for some of the encoded proteins in repeat unit biosynthesis.
The health promoting sports club model: an intervention planning framework
Authors: Van Hoye Aurélie , Johnson Stacey , Geidne Susanna , Donaldson Alex , Rostan Florence , Lemonnier Fabienne , Vuillemin Anne 
Published: August 2020

Summary
Researchers and policymakers acknowledge sports clubs (SCs) as health promoting settings. Limited research links the health promoting sports club (HPSC) concept with evidence-driven strategies to provide SCs guidance to develop health promotion (HP) interventions. As implementation science insists on theoretically grounded interventions, the present work’s objective was to provide SCs an evidence-driven intervention framework for planning, developing and implementing HP initiatives. Four iteratively sequenced steps were undertaken: (i) investigation of ‘health promoting’ indicators, (ii) adaptation of the HPSC concept to create the HPSC model, (iii) formulation of published evidence-driven guidelines into strategies and implementable intervention components (ICs) and (iv) merging the HPSC model with the ICs to create an intervention planning framework for SCs. First, researchers drafted five HPSC indicators. Second, they defined three SC levels (macro, meso and micro) and four health determinants (organizational, environmental, economic and social) to create an HPSC model. Third, researchers used published guidelines to develop 14 strategies with 55 ICs. Fourth, three workshops (one each with French master-level sport students, French sport and health professionals and Swedish sport and health professionals) had participants classify the ICs into the model. The HPSC model and intervention framework are starting points to plan, select and deliver interventions to increase SC HP. This planning framework is usable in several ways: (i) clubs can apply strategies to achieve specific goals, (ii) clubs can target specific levels with corresponding ICs and (iii) ICs can be used to address particular health determinants.
Relationship between maternal healthy eating literacy and healthy meal provision in families in Japan
Authors: Yoshii Emi , Akamatsu Rie , Hasegawa Tomoko , Fukuda Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2020

Summary
This study examined the effects of maternal healthy eating literacy (HEL) on healthy meal provision in Japanese families. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey with 1899 mothers of pre-school children. Participants were divided into two groups based on their median score of eating out and consuming convenience foods, and demographic variables were compared between these groups. We assessed associations between HEL and healthy meal provision using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and multiple linear regression with healthy meal provision as the dependent variable and HEL as the independent variable, adjusting for age, education, work styles, household income, number of children and whether participants lived with a partner. Mothers exhibiting high scores on eating out/consuming convenience foods were more likely to be employed (p = 0.004), have only one child (p = 0.034), have lower education (p=0.011) and exhibit lower healthy meal provision (p &lt; 0.001) and HEL scores (p &lt; 0.001). In addition, HEL was associated with healthy meal provision (β = 0.34, p &lt; 0.001). Among mothers with higher scores on eating out/consuming convenience foods, HEL was associated with healthy meal provision (β = 0.32, p &lt; 0.001). This study suggests that maternal HEL is associated with healthy meal provision regardless of the degree of eating out/consuming convenience food. Thus, interventions to improve maternal HEL can help mothers to provide healthy meals when they eat out or consume convenience foods as family meals.
DARS2 is indispensable for Purkinje cell survival and protects against cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Rumyantseva Anastasia , Motori Elisa , Trifunovic Aleksandra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation disorder (LBSL) arises from mutations in mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (DARS2) gene. The disease has a childhood or juvenile-onset and is clinically characterized by cerebellar ataxia, cognitive decline and distinct morphological abnormalities upon magnetic resonance imaging. We previously demonstrated that neurons and not adult myelin-producing cells are specifically sensitive to DARS2 loss, hence likely the primary culprit in LBSL disorder. We used conditional Purkinje cell (PCs)-specific Dars2 deletion to elucidate further the cell-type-specific contribution of this class of neurons to the cerebellar impairment observed in LBSL. We show that DARS2 depletion causes a severe mitochondrial dysfunction concomitant with a massive loss of PCs by the age of 15 weeks, thereby rapidly deteriorating motor skills. Our findings conclusively show that DARS2 is indispensable for PC survival and highlights the central role of neuroinflammation in DARS2-related PC degeneration.
The Israeli judiciary-centered constitutionalism
Authors: Bendor Ariel L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article argues that over the years a series of gradual developments has taken place in the judicial review policies of Israel’s Supreme Court, whereby the Court expanded its ad hoc discretion in determining the constitutional limits that apply to primary legislation. Israeli constitutionalism has become judiciary-centered. The article suggests that judicial discretion that the Israeli Supreme Court tends to exercise in constitutional matters is of two types: substantive judicial discretion, which concerns the interpretation or application of the law; and adjudicative discretion, which includes both the discretion to deny in limine petitions in which the Court does not deem it necessary to grant relief according to considerations such as standing or delay; and the Court’s discretion in the manner of the hearing. The article suggests three illuminations of Israeli judiciary-centered constitutionalism: expenditure of the justices’ awareness of their discretion; the decline of the rules structuring judicial discretion; and a re-rise of the justices’ recognition of legitimacy of adjudicative discretion due to the expansion of substantive judicial discretion.
Spontaneousrupture of a giant thoracic duct cyst presenting with abdominal pain and a tension chylothorax
Authors: Garner Megan , Duvva Dileep , Gosney John , Buderi Silviu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ruptured thoracic duct cysts are an extremely rare occurrence that may arise spontaneously or due to trauma. Surgical treatment is needed to provide a definitive diagnosis, drain the chylothorax and ligate the thoracic duct to prevent reoccurrence. We report the case of a woman with a ruptured thoracic duct cyst presenting with abdominal pain and subsequent tension chylothorax. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such reported case.
Changes in residential greenness between pregnancies and birth outcomes: longitudinal evidence from Michigan births 1990--2012
Authors: Margerison Claire E , Pearson Amber L , Lin Zihan , Sanciangco Jonnell 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Residential exposure to greenness is associated with better birth outcomes, but it remains unknown whether this is explained by maternal characteristics associated with both place of residence and birth outcomes. We examined whether changes in residential greenness are associated with preterm birth (PTB) and birthweight.

Methods
We examined cross-sectional associations between maternal exposure to residential greenness [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)] and PTB (&lt;37 weeks of gestation) and birthweight in grams, using all births in Michigan (1990–2012) linked by mother (n = 1 730 424). We used maternal fixed effects analysis to estimate associations within mothers across multiple pregnancies and associations for mothers who did not move, but for whom greenness changed between pregnancies, to mimic an intervention.

Results
Each 0.1-unit change in NDVI was associated with 0.98 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97, 0.99] times lower odds of PTB and a 9.0 (95% CI: 8.1, 9.9)-gram increase in birthweight after adjusting for individual and neighbourhood covariates. When we controlled for time-invariant maternal unmeasured confounders; these associations were close to null [odds ratio (OR): 1.00 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.01); β: -0.3 (95% CI: -2.0, 3.6)]. We did not find a relationship between greenness and birth outcomes among women who did not move between pregnancies, but for whom greenness changed within their residential location (as in an intervention).

Conclusions
Residential greenness does not predict birth outcomes, after controlling for time-invariant maternal characteristics, using longitudinal evidence. Future research should explore residential selection factors, spatial and individual heterogeneity and experimental study designs.
Transitional Justice Standards on Reparations for Women Subjected to Violence in the CEDAW Committee’s Evolving Legal Practice
Authors: Rubio-Marin Ruth , Estrada-Tanck Dorothy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Violence against women continues to be one of the most pressing global concerns. Reparations for women victims of violence have been addressed by the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Committee over the last 15 years. This article critically examines the evolving practice of the Committee on reparations, in light of the transitional justice doctrinal and normative acquis on gender-sensitive reparations. We systematize legal interpretations, identify trends and milestones, and link them to transitional justice elements. We also suggest that the transitional justice reparations framework can be, and is in fact being, applied to non-transitional contexts, independent of armed conflict and authoritarian regimes. Further, we propose recommendations for the Committee to engage in a more explicit ‘dialogue’ with these ongoing developments to the benefit of women in their everyday lives and in recognition of the structural dimension of violence against women, even in what are other so-called peaceful and stable societies.
Multi-reference factor analysis: low-rank covariance estimation under unknown translations
Authors: Landa Boris , Shkolnisky Yoel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe consider the problem of estimating the covariance matrix of a random signal observed through unknown translations (modeled by cyclic shifts) and corrupted by noise. Solving this problem allows to discover low-rank structures masked by the existence of translations (which act as nuisance parameters), with direct application to principal components analysis. We assume that the underlying signal is of length $L$ and follows a standard factor model with mean zero and $r$ normally distributed factors. To recover the covariance matrix in this case, we propose to employ the second- and fourth-order shift-invariant moments of the signal known as the power spectrum and the trispectrum. We prove that they are sufficient for recovering the covariance matrix (under a certain technical condition) when $r&lt;\sqrt{L}$. Correspondingly, we provide a polynomial-time procedure for estimating the covariance matrix from many (translated and noisy) observations, where no explicit knowledge of $r$ is required, and prove the procedure’s statistical consistency. While our results establish that covariance estimation is possible from the power spectrum and the trispectrum for low-rank covariance matrices, we prove that this is not the case for full-rank covariance matrices. We conduct numerical experiments that corroborate our theoretical findings and demonstrate the favourable performance of our algorithms in various settings, including in high levels of noise.
Prym–Brill–Noether Loci of Special Curves
Authors: Creech Steven , Len Yoav , Ritter Caelan , Wu Derek 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We use Young tableaux to compute the dimension of $V^r$, the Prym–Brill–Noether locus of a folded chain of loops of any gonality. This tropical result yields a new upper bound on the dimensions of algebraic Prym–Brill–Noether loci. Moreover, we prove that $V^r$ is pure dimensional and connected in codimension $1$ when $\dim V^r \geq 1$. We then compute the 1st Betti number of this locus for even gonality when the dimension is exactly $1$ and compute the cardinality when the locus is finite and the edge lengths are generic.
Riemannian Properties of Engel Structures
Authors: Pia Nicola 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper is about geometric and Riemannian properties of Engel structures. A choice of defining forms for an Engel structure $\mathcal{D}$ determines a distribution $\mathcal{R}$ transverse to $\mathcal{D}$ called the Reeb distribution. We study conditions that ensure integrability of $\mathcal{R}$. For example, if we have a metric $g$ that makes the splitting $TM=\mathcal{D}\oplus \mathcal{R}$ orthogonal and such that $\mathcal{D}$ is totally geodesic then there exists another Reeb distribution, which is integrable. We introduce the notion of K-Engel structures in analogy with K-contact structures, and we classify the topology of K-Engel manifolds. As natural consequences of these methods, we provide a construction that is the analogue of the Boothby–Wang construction in the contact setting, and we give a notion of contact filling for an Engel structure.
Factors Associated With Viral Load Kinetics of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus During the 2015 Outbreak in South Korea
Authors: Yang Jeong-Sun , Yoo Min-Gyu , Lee Hye-Ja , Jang Han Byul , Jung Hee-Dong , Nam Jeong-Gu , Lee Joo-Yeon , Jee Youngmee , Kim Sung Soon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We conducted a retrospective study of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral load kinetics using data from patients hospitalized with MERS-CoV infection between 19 May and 20 August 2015. Viral load trajectories were considered over the hospitalization period using 1714 viral load results measured in serial respiratory specimens of 185 patients. The viral load levels were significantly higher among nonsurvivors than among survivors (P = .003). Healthcare workers (P = .001) and nonspreaders (P &lt; .001) had significantly lower viral loads. Viral RNA was present on the day of symptom onset and peaked 4–10 days after symptom onset.