bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B cell-specific XIST complex enforces X-inactivation and restrains atypical B cells
Authors: Yu Bingfei , Qi Yanyan , Li Rui , Shi Quanming , Satpathy Ansuman , Chang Howard Y. 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYThe long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) XIST establishes X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female cells in early development and thereafter is thought to be largely dispensable. Here we show XIST is continually required in adult human B cells to silence a subset of X-linked immune genes such asTLR7. XIST-dependent genes lack promoter DNA methylation and require continual XIST-dependent histone deacetylation. XIST RNA-directed proteomics and CRISPRi screen reveal distinctive somatic cell-specific XIST complexes, and identify TRIM28 that mediates Pol II pausing at promoters of X-linked genes in B cells. XIST dysregylation, reflected by escape of XIST-dependent genes, occurs in CD11c+ atypical memory B cells across single-cell transcriptome data in patients with female-biased autoimmunity and COVID-19 infection. XIST inactivation with TLR7 agonism suffices to promote isotype-switched atypical B cells. These results suggest cell-type-specific diversification of lncRNA-protein complexes increase lncRNA functionalities, and expand roles for XIST in sex-differences in biology and medicine.HIGHLIGHTSXIST prevents escape of genes with DNA hypomethylated promoters in B cells.XIST maintains X-inactivation through continuous deacetylation of H3K27ac.XIST ChIRP-MS and allelic CRISPRi screen reveal a B cell-specific XIST cofactor TRIM28.XIST loss and TLR7 stimulation promotes CD11c+ atypical B cell formation.
Comparative study on Life Cycle Assessment of buildings in developed countries and Sri Lanka
Authors: Amarasinghe Isuri Anuradha , Soorige Dumindu , Geekiyanage Devindi 
Published: January 2021

PurposeLife cycle assessment (LCA) has considerably contributed to increasing the environmental friendliness of buildings in developed countries. However, it is hard to find evidence on the application of LCA for buildings in developing countries; particularly, Sri Lanka. There is a lack of research to compare the status of LCA of buildings in developed countries vs developing countries. In this context, the purpose of this study aims to examine the status of LCA implementation for buildings between developed countries and Sri Lanka, a developing country.Design/methodology/approachThe exploratory research was adapted, and in-depth interviews were held with LCA professionals from Sri Lanka and developed countries, respectively.FindingsRelatively less attention has been paid to the implementation of LCA for buildings in Sri Lanka compared to the developed countries due to the time and effort required to collect life cycle inventory data and limited stakeholder understanding of the LCA. Hence, this study proposed improvements, including the development of LCA databases containing region-specific data and conducting programmes to raise stakeholders' awareness to address the gaps in Sri Lanka.Research limitations/implicationsThe identified LCA implementation process for buildings could be used as a guide for first-time LCA users, and it equally makes a valued reference for experienced practitioners.Originality/valueA limited number of the studies formulate a comparison between the LCA for building in developed countries and developing countries. This research attempts to address this knowledge gap.
Adaptive finite element–discrete element analysis for stratal movement and microseismic behaviours induced by multistage propagation of three-dimensional multiple hydraulic fractures
Authors: Wang Yongliang 
Published: January 2021

PurposeOptimized three-dimensional (3D) fracture networks are crucial for multistage hydrofracturing. To better understand the mechanisms controlling potential disasters as well as to predict them in 3D multistage hydrofracturing, some governing factors, such as fluid injection-induced stratal movement, compression between multiple hydraulic fractures, fracturing fluid flow, fracturing-induced microseismic damaged and contact slip events, must be properly simulated via numerical models. This study aims to analyze the stratal movement and microseismic behaviours induced by multistage propagation of 3D multiple hydraulic fractures.Design/methodology/approachAdaptive finite element–discrete element method was used to overcome the limitations of conventional finite element methods in simulating 3D fracture propagation. This new approach uses a local remeshing and coarsening strategy to ensure the accuracy of solutions, reliability of fracture propagation path and computational efficiency. Engineering-scale numerical models were proposed that account for the hydro-mechanical coupling and fracturing fluid leak-off, to simulate multistage propagation of 3D multiple hydraulic fractures, by which the evolution of the displacement, porosity and fracture fields, as well as the fracturing-induced microseismic events were computed.FindingsStratal movement and compression between 3D multiple hydraulic fractures intensify with increasing proximity to the propagating fractures. When the perforation cluster spaces are very narrow, alternate fracturing can improve fracturing effects over those achieved via sequential or simultaneous fracturing. Furthermore, the number and magnitude of microseismic events are directly proportional to the stratal movement and compression induced by multistage propagation of fracturing fracture networks.Originality/valueMicroseismic events induced by multistage propagation of 3D multiple hydraulic fractures and perforation cluster spaces and fracturing scenarios that impact the deformation and compression among fractures in porous rock matrices are well predicted and analyzed.
An evolutionary algorithm for controlling numerical convergence of the radiative transfer equation with participating media using TVD interpolation schemes
Authors: Torres-Aguilar Carlos Enrique , Moreno-Bernal Pedro , Xamán Jesús , Zavala Guillen Ivett , Hernández-López Irving Osiris 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to present an evolutionary algorithm (EA) to accelerate the convergence for the radiative transfer equation (RTE) numerical solution using high-order and high-resolution schemes by the relaxation coefficients optimization.

Design methodology/approach
The objective function minimizes the residual value difference between iterations in each control volume until its difference is lower than the convergence criterion. The EA approach is evaluated in two configurations, a two-dimensional cavity with scattering media and absorbing media.

Findings
Experimental results show the capacity to obtain the numerical solution for both cases on all interpolation schemes tested by the EA approach. The EA approach reduces CPU time for the RTE numerical solution using SUPERBEE, SWEBY and MUSCL schemes until 97% and 135% in scattering and absorbing media cases, respectively. The relaxation coefficients optimized every two numerical solution iterations achieve a significant reduction of the CPU time compared to the deferred correction procedure with fixed relaxation coefficients.

Originality/value
The proposed EA approach for the RTE numerical solution effectively reduces the CPU time compared to the DC procedure with fixed relaxation coefficients.
A mixed method for measuring incompatibilities between manufacturing approaches and off-site construction
Authors: Luo Jianing , Zhang Hong , Sher William 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to measure incompatibilities between the manufacturing approaches (MA) used by the manufacturing industries, and those used for the off-site construction (OSC) of buildings. The aim is to explore which of these approaches could be integrated into OSC in a precise manner as viewed by architects as well as how this might occur.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical research and empirical cycle (EC) was adopted as a methodological framework to measure incompatibilities. A combination of quantitative and qualitative mixed methods was explored through a literature-based case study of prefabricated houses and cars, nine real-life projects built by the second author's research team and the first-named author's practical experiences of leading these projects, based on a logic framework derived from the authors’ reflections of their architectural practices.FindingsThe findings quantitatively present the incompatibilities between cars (automobile bodies) and prefabricated houses. Design-related aspects have the most potential for integration (42.3% increment). The key lessons were identified as specific design philosophies and related guidelines for architects.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are limited to single types of products (cars) and buildings (prefabricated houses) in particular regions. The key lessons just present a preliminary evaluation of the application of the design philosophies and related guidelines in nine real-life projects to comply with word limit constraints.Practical implicationsThis study could help architects and other practitioners to locate and target and alleviated incompatibilities between MA and OSC. It could also precisely identify integration shortcomings to optimize decision-making as well as technical pathways for possible and effective breakthroughs.Social implicationsThis study provides fundamental research as a starting point for further discussion and development. A series of additional in-depth investigations combined with case studies are planned for the future. These could provide alternative study approaches to develop more appropriate architectural design methodologies and more streamlined processes.Originality/valueThe research contributes an alternative architectural perspective when measuring incompatibilities between MA and OSC. The results highlight the implications of precise measurement and provide guidance for architects. These facilitate the effective and successful integration of MA into OSC of buildings and promote the uptake of lean construction (LC) in OSC.
A visual and rhetorical perspective on management control systems
Authors: Söderlund Carina , Hansson Magnus 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the role and function of visuals, visual communication and information design as they relate to management control systems and visual management (VM) in lean-inspired organisations. This paper helps expand knowledge on how visual and design studies can contribute to research on VM as part of a management control system.

Design/methodology/approach
A study is outlined, which was conducted at a multinational manufacturing company to investigate employees’ perceptions and use of visual devices on the shop floor, including their related reactions and behaviour. The study is delimited to operation management, lean manufacturing and lean boards (i.e. daily management boards and performance measurement boards).

Findings
The findings point out the persuasive purpose of lean boards, as well as the metaphoric and persuasive functions of the visuals and information design in management control systems.

Originality/value
Visual research and design research are rare within studies of management control systems. There is a need to perform research that takes into account the role and function of visual communication and information design in VM. The proposed areas for future research can provide design principles, as well as insights into the complexity of visual communication and information design in VM and management control studies.
The driving mindsets of innovation: curiosity, creativity and clarity
Authors: Walsh Christian , Knott Paul , Collins Jamie 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
Innovation is an essential process for growth and well-being of organisations and society in general but is difficult to manage successfully. Through a better understanding of the innovation mindsets as established strategists use them in practice, this paper aims to improve firms’ success rates of innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
To examine how innovation processes play out in dynamic environments, the authors undertook a longitudinal two-year multi-case study in the high-tech sector.

Findings
Strategists in this study showed distinct phases in their successful innovation journey with three dominant mindsets of curiosity, creativity and clarity. The curiosity phase includes actions focused on discovering and understanding the implications and significance of an opportunity. The creativity phase includes actions focused on creating and testing a wide range of options. The clarity phase consists of actions focused on resourcing and implementing change.

Practical implications
In adopting this framework for use in the field, the authors recommend strategists take time for discovering and getting to core understanding in the curiosity phase. They should then take action by creating and actively testing a broad range of solution ideas in the creativity phase. Finally, organisations need to take care with clear direction and communication when resourcing and implementing in the clarity phase.

Originality/value
This novel framework which emerged from the longitudinal field research describes the mindsets of innovation and how these are used at different phases in the innovation process.
Effectiveness of performance measurement framework on manufacturers supply chain – case of Saudi Arabia
Authors: El-Garaihy Wael Hassan 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This study aims to provide a collaborative supply chain system using a combination of two already existed methods, i.e. levels of decision-making and supply chain operation reference (SCOR).

Design/methodology/approach
A two-phase methodology was conducted based on field analysis and survey analysis. Field analysis included a critical analysis of literature related to supply chain performance measurement and identified related indicators.

Findings
In a survey analysis, a questionnaire was developed to test the established indicators from managers and employees of manufacturing companies. It formulated a novel model for the performance measurement of the supply chain (SC) which included 4 factors (customer, efficiency, flexibility and product), with a total of 31 sub-components.

Originality/value
The structure provides a tied horizontal (SCOR) and vertical (progressive decision) in relation to the features that characterize the SC performance. This system enables the decision-makers to make decisions at the strategic, tactical and operational levels. It reflects the performance measures reliability, authenticity and its application in various SC. It also improves communication with the regional party while ensuring a preventive schedule for maintenance.
Examining the moderating role of perceived risk and web atmospherics in online luxury purchase intention
Authors: Jain Sheetal 
Published: January 2021

PurposeRecently, internet has turned out to be the fastest growing channel for luxury sales. Surprisingly, very few studies have focused on understanding the major drivers behind online luxury goods consumption, particularly in the emerging market context. Therefore, the key objectives of this study are to, first, develop a framework to understand factors affecting consumers' intention to purchase luxury fashion goods online. Second, measure the moderating effect of perceived risk and web atmospherics on the relationship between attitude toward buying luxury fashion goods online and online luxury purchase intention.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through structured questionnaires from a sample of 250 luxury fashion consumers in India. Collected data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Hayes Process macro in SPSS.FindingsStudy findings indicate that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment and price consciousness have a direct as well as an indirect relationship via attitude on online luxury purchase intention. The results also revealed that web atmospherics moderate the relationship between attitude toward buying luxury fashion goods online and online luxury purchase intention.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies that explores the moderating role of perceived risk and web atmospherics in the context of luxury market. It will help luxury marketers to develop appropriate strategies for selling luxury goods online in emerging markets like India.
Team reflexivity and employee innovative behavior: the mediating role of knowledge sharing and moderating role of leadership
Authors: Wang Zhining , Ren Shuang , Chadee Doren , Liu Mengli , Cai Shaohan 
Published: January 2021

PurposeAlthough team reflexivity has been identified as a potent tool for improving organizational performance, how and when it influences individual employee innovative behavior remains theoretically and conceptually underspecified. Taking a knowledge management perspective, this study aims to investigate the role of team-level knowledge sharing and leadership in transforming team reflexivity into innovative behavior at the individual level.Design/methodology/approachThe paper follows a multilevel study design to collect data (n= 441) from 91 teams in 48 knowledge-based organizations. The paper tests our multilevel model using multinomial logistic techniques.FindingsThe overall results confirm that knowledge sharing in teams mediates the influence of team reflexivity on individual employee innovative behavior, and that leadership plays an important role in moderating these influences. Specifically, authoritarian leadership is found to attenuate the team reflexivity and knowledge sharing effect, whereas benevolent leadership is found to amplify this indirect effect.Originality/valueThe multilevel study design that explains how team-level processes translate into innovative behavior at the individual employee level is novel. Relatedly, our use of a multilevel analytical framework is also original.
Vain or able? Strong inference and the efficacy debate
Authors: Solomon Shelby John , Batcherlor John Harrison 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This study aims to address the efficacy debate by exploring the nature of how prior team level performance affects future performance. That is, the purpose of this study is to understand whether or not the boost of efficacy associated with success leads to overconfidence that harms performance or to motivation that enhances performance.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a quantitative approach to test competing hypotheses derived from both social cognitive theory and control theory. Specifically, the study made use of archival National Football League data, containing 5,120 longitudinal team level observations. This paper uses multi-level modeling to analyze how prior team level performance affected future performance episodes.

Findings
The findings of this study suggest that prior success leads to overconfidence which ultimately harms future team performance. Therefore, the findings support control theory in favor of the social cognitive theory. However, this study finds that the detrimental effects of overconfidence could be offset by monitoring and work breaks.

Research limitations/implications
Due to the nature of the archival data source, it was not possible to directly measure efficacy. Thus, efficacy is inferred based on past performance outcomes.

Practical implications
This study suggests that it is important for managers and team leaders to pay careful attention to their team after successful performances. Specifically, team leaders may want to monitor their members or give them a break after successful performance episodes to avoid the negative effects of overconfidence.

Originality/value
This paper provides a direct test of the efficacy debate at the team level.
Multifunctional role of a fungal pathogen‐secreted laccase 2 in evasion of insect immune defense
Authors: Lu Zhuoyue , Deng Juan , Wang Huifang , Zhao Xin , Luo Zhibing , Yu Chenxi , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: January 2021

SummaryLaccases are widely present in bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrates and involved in a variety of physiological functions. Here, we report that Beauveria bassiana, an economic important entomopathogenic fungus, secretes a laccase 2 (BbLac2) during infection that detoxifies insect immune response‐generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interferes with host immune phenoloxidase (PO) activation. BbLac2 is expressed in fungal cells during proliferation in the insect haemocoel and can be found to distribute on the surface of haemolymph‐derived in vivo fungal hyphal bodies or be secreted. Targeted gene‐knockout of BbLac2 increased fungal sensitivity to oxidative stress, decreased virulence to insect, and increased host PO activity. Strains overexpressing BbLac2 showed increased virulence, with reduced host PO activity and lowered ROS levels in infected insects. In vitro assays revealed that BbLac2 could eliminate ROS and oxidize PO substrates (phenols), verifying the enzymatic functioning of the protein in detoxification of cytotoxic ROS and interference with the PO cascade. Moreover, BbLac2 acted as a cell surface protein that masked pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), enabling the pathogen to evade immune recognition. Our data suggest a multifunctional role for fungal pathogen‐secreted laccase 2 in evasion of insect immune defenses.
Questions of Sovereignty: Redefining Politics in Scotland?
Authors: McCrone David , Keating Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe issue of sovereignty has never been resolved in Scotland. The 1998 Scotland Act, creating the Scottish Parliament affirmed that the Westminster Parliament is sovereign, but this is disputed. In practice, the issue was left largely in abeyance as sovereignty was seen as an outdated concept. The Scottish independence referendum of 2014 and the UK Brexit referendum of 2016 both brought back the question of sovereignty in stark terms. Analysis of data from the British Election Study of 2019 with regard to (a) the right of Scottish self‐determination, and (b) the right of a UK‐wide majority to take Scotland out of the EU, allows us to identify ‘sovereigntists’ and ‘unionists’. Sovereigntists, on both dimensions, now constitute a majority. A smaller group of unionists reject both positions. There remains a group of ‘semi‐sovereigntists’ who accept Scottish self‐determination, but also that the UK as a whole should decide on Brexit. Controlling for the social and political factors, Scots are increasingly polarised around issues of sovereignty, which have become central to contemporary Scottish politics.