bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Efficiency Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Employing Non‐Noble Metal Catalysts
Authors: Chen Pengzuo , Hu Xile 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlkaline anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis is a promising technology for producing hydrogen using renewable energies. However, current AEM electrolyzers still employ noble‐metal‐containing electrocatalysts, or have significant overpotential loss, or both. Here non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts for both the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) are developed. Both catalysts are made of a same NiMo oxide. Judicious processing of these materials in a mixed NH3/H2 atmosphere results in a NiMo‐NH3/H2 catalyst, which has superior activity in HER, delivering 500 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 107 mV. Doping Fe ions into the NiMo‐NH3/H2 catalyst yields an Fe‐NiMo‐NH3/H2 catalyst, which is highly active for the OER, delivering 500 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 244 mV. These catalysts are integrated into an AEM electrolyzer, which delivers 1.0 A cm−2 at 1.57 V at 80 °C in 1 m KOH. The energy conversion efficiency at this current density is as high as 75%. This work demonstrates high‐efficiency AEM electrolysis using earth‐abundant catalytic materials.
Non‐flooding rice yield response to straw biochar and controlled‐release fertilizer
Authors: Yang Xin , Liu Haibing , Mao Xiaotao , Deng Jielou , Haefele Stephan M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe non‐flooding plastic film‐mulching cultivation (NFMC) is an important water‐saving rice (Oryza sativa L.) production technique for mountainous areas. Several studies indicated that this promising production system had positive effects on rice growth compared with the traditional flooding method. However, two obvious disadvantages need to be modified for its wider application: technical difficulties for mid‐season application of fertilizer and the observed loss of soil C. The solution for these problems may lead to enhanced and more sustainable rice production under NFMC conditions. A 2‐yr field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of combining straw biochar and controlled‐release urea with the NFMC system. The experimental design included two treatments of traditional flooded cultivation: (a) no N fertilizer; (b) urea alone; and four treatments under NFMC conditions: (a) no N fertilizer; (b) urea alone; (c) controlled‐release urea + urea; (d) a combination of straw biochar and controlled‐release urea + urea. Compared to a basal application of urea, controlled‐release urea plus urea together with straw biochar significantly increased rice grain yield and effective panicles. It also increased total biomass accumulation, the greenness of the leaves (SPAD value) and improved recovery efficiency of applied N. Our results show that the combination of controlled‐release urea and straw biochar can increase yield and N use efficiency of rice under NFMC conditions.
Paternal gene pool of Malays in Southeast Asia and its applications for the early expansion of Austronesians
Authors: Sun Jin , Wei Lan‐Hai , Wang Ling‐Xiang , Huang Yun‐Zhi , Yan Shi , Cheng Hui‐Zhen , Ong Rick Twee‐Hee , Saw Woei‐Yuh , Fan Zhi‐Quan , Deng Xiao‐Hua , Lu Yan , Zhang Chao , Xu Shu‐Hua , Jin Li , Teo Yik‐Ying , Li Hui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe origin and differentiation of Austronesian populations and their languages have long fascinated linguists, archeologists, and geneticists. However, the founding process of Austronesians and when they separated from their close relatives, such as the Daic and Austro‐Asiatic populations in the mainland of Asia, remain unclear. In this study, we explored the paternal origin of Malays in Southeast Asia and the early differentiation of Austronesians.Materials and MethodsWe generated whole Y‐chromosome sequences of 50 Malays and co‐analyzed 200 sequences from other Austronesians and related populations. We generated a revised phylogenetic tree with time estimation.ResultsWe identified six founding paternal lineages among the studied Malays samples. These founding lineages showed a surprisingly coincident expansion age at 5000 to 6000 years ago. We also found numerous mostly close related samples of the founding lineages of Malays among populations from Mainland of Asia.ConclusionOur analyses provided a refined phylogenetic resolution for the dominant paternal lineages of Austronesians found by previous studies. We suggested that the co‐expansion of numerous founding paternal lineages corresponds to the initial differentiation of the most recent common ancestor of modern Austronesians. The splitting time and divergence pattern in perspective of paternal Y‐chromosome evidence are highly consistent with the previous theories of ethnologists, linguists, and archeologists.
Familial allomaternal care exposure is predictive of infant development
Authors: Singletary Britt 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study assesses whether increased exposure to allomaternal care (AMC, or non‐maternal care) is associated with improved infant motor and social milestone attainment.MethodsTypically developing infants aged 13‐18 months (n = 102) were assessed by their mothers using the previously validated National Center for Health Statistics' Motor and Social Development Scale (MSD). AMC exposure from birth to present was quantified using four AMC predictor components.ResultsExposure to Highly Involved Familial AMC has a significant medium effect on MSD score, such that infants experiencing more of this type of care score higher.ConclusionsFamilial AMC is associated with improved milestone attainment, suggesting that learning experiences are enhanced by these interactions, although further cross‐cultural studies are needed. If future studies confirm the positive effects of AMC interactions on early developmental outcomes, this may help explain the selective pressures for extensive AMC.
α‐Cyanation of Aromatic Tertiary Amines using Malononitrile as a Low‐Toxic Cyanide Source under the Catalysis of NiGa Layered Double Oxide
Authors: Wang Hui , Lu Wangmingzhu , Sun Zhonghua , Wang Anwei , Zhou Weiyou , He Mingyang , Chen Qun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNiGa layered double oxide (Ni3Ga‐LDO) has been found to be an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the α‐cyanation of aromatic tertiary amines using malononitrile as a low‐toxic cyanide source. Various aniline and aryltetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were found to be tolerated by the catalytic system, and good to excellent yields for the corresponding products could be obtained. The results indicated that CN− might be produced via a oxidation‐decomposition path, and the reaction probably proceeded via a cross‐dehydrogenative coupling process. In addition, good stability and recyclability were observed for Ni3Ga‐LDO catalyst in the reaction.
Convergence properties of equilibria in the restricted three‐body problem with prolate primaries
Authors: Saeed Tareq , Chen Wei , Zotos Euaggelos E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of our work is to numerically explore the equilibrium points and the respective basins of convergence in the case of the circular restricted problem, where the two primaries are prolate. The coordinates of the libration points are derived by deploying the Newton–Raphson root method, while we also investigated the linear stability of the equilibrium points. Moreover, we also demonstrate the influence of the parameters controlling the prolateness of the primaries on the convergence dynamics of the problem. The degree of fractality of the basin diagrams on the configuration plane is estimated by calculating both the uncertainty dimension and the (boundary) basin entropy.
Automatisierungsaspekte bei der Planung von Baugrube und Gründung eines Forschungszentrums
Authors: Westermann Konrad , Meier Jörg , Pitteloud Laurent 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIm Zuge der Planung und Ausführung der Baugrube und Gründung des zukünftigen Forschungszentrums von Roche in Basel wurden viele Herausforderungen bewältigt, indem automatisierte Verfahren und digitale Methoden konsequent im Spezialtiefbau angewendet wurden. Das Projekt befindet sich innerstädtisch am Rande des Industrie‐ und Forschungsareals von Roche mit sensibler Nachbarbebauung. Oberirdisch besteht das Forschungszentrum aus vier Gebäuden mit von Westen nach Osten zunehmenden Höhen von 18 bis 115 m. Diese vier Gebäude sind durch einen gemeinsamen, 140 m langen, 70 m breiten und 22 m tiefen sechsstöckigen Kellerkasten verbunden. Am Standort wurde bereits in den 1970er‐Jahren eine Schlitzwand für eine Baugrube mit gleichen Abmaßen erstellt. Zur Reduktion von Bauzeit und Investitionskosten wurde diese 45 Jahre alte Schlitzwand als Baugrubensicherung reaktiviert und der vorhandene Kellerkasten durch einen Neubau ersetzt. Die bestehende Schlitzwand wurde mit bis zu fünf Ankerlagen gegen den Erddruck und den 12 m hohen Wasserdruck im Baugrund gesichert. Die Gründung wurde als kombinierte Pfahl‐Plattengründung (KPP) mit einer 1,5 m mächtigen Bodenplatte und 178 Großbohrpfählen bemessen. Die Großbohrpfähle mit einem Durchmesser von 1,2 m und Längen von 10 bis 28 m wurden 12 m unter dem Grundwasserspiegel von der Baugrubensohle aus hergestellt. Durch die Automatisierung der KPP‐Iteration wurden der Berechnungsaufwand für die Planer und die Kosten für den Bauherrn deutlich reduziert.
Biodynamic Interfaces Are Essential for Human–Environment Interactions
Authors: Arora Manish , Giuliani Alessandro , Curtin Paul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe environment impacts human health in profound ways, yet few theories define the form of the relationship between human physiology and the environment. It is conjectured that such complex systems cannot interact directly, but rather their interaction requires the formation of an intermediary “interface.” This position contrasts with current epidemiological constructs of causation, which implicitly assume that two complex systems transfer information directly while remaining separate entities. Further, it is contended that dynamic, process‐based interfaces incorporate components from all the interacting systems but exhibit operational independence. This property has many consequences, the foremost being that characteristics of the interface cannot be fully resolved by only studying the systems involved in the interaction. The interface itself must be the subject of inquiry. Without refocusing the attention on biodynamic interfaces, how the environment impacts health cannot be discerned. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/XeyjeZeyo4o.
Luminescence properties of self‐activated Ca5Mg3Zn(VO4)6 and Ca5Mg3Zn(VO4)6:xEu3+ phosphors
Authors: He Huan , Yang Yanan , Wang Li , Li Junfeng , Cao Wenqiang , Zhang Wentao , Huang Yi , Zhang Peicong , Lai Xuefei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSelf‐activated Ca5Mg3Zn(VO4)6 and Ca5Mg3Zn(VO4)6:xEu3+ phosphors were synthesized via a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction route. The crystalline structure and luminescence properties of the phosphors were analyzed using an X‐ray diffractometer and a photoluminescence spectrometer. The explored results indicated that by varying calcination temperature and the raw material ratio of Ca2+/Mg2+/Zn2+, the phosphors could be developed with different phases, crystallinity, and various fluorescence performances. The fluorescence spectrum of Ca5Mg3Zn(VO4)6 showed a broad emission band over the range 400–650 nm under an excitation wavelength of 330 nm, as well as green light emission. Furthermore, after introduction of Eu3+ ions in Eu(VO4)4, the luminescence intensity of the Eu3+ ions greatly increased as the Eu3+ ion concentration increased at the 393 nm excitation wavelength, showing green–yellow light emission simultaneously. Therefore, the obtained phosphors could be used as a potential green–yellow‐emitting luminescent material in a white light‐emitting diode device.
Self‐Assembled Peptide‐Based Biocomposites for Near‐Infrared Light Triggered Drug Release to Tumor Cells
Authors: Daso Rachel E. , Banerjee Ipsita A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPeptide‐based nanomaterials are increasingly gaining popularity due to their specificity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this work, a new multi‐layered peptide‐based biocomposite for targeting MCF‐7 breast cancer cells is developed. The amphipathic Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)‐Leu‐Ser peptide is synthesized, which is conjugated to a tumor‐targeting peptide sequence Gly‐Cys‐Gly‐Asn‐Ser to form Fmoc‐L‐S‐G‐C‐G‐N‐S (FLS) assemblies. To the FLS assemblies, gold nanorods are then attached to develop drug delivery vehicles (DDVs). The DDVs are entrapped with the anti‐cancer drug fulvestrant. Entrapment efficiency is found to be 50.6%. Release studies indicate that irradiating the gold nanorod bound DDVs at NIR wavelength (785 nm) increases drug release by fourfold compared to assemblies that are not irradiated. These results also show higher cytotoxicity and lower cell invasion due to photo‐triggered drug release. Furthermore, distinct actin cytoskeletal changes are observed. Such novel peptide‐based gold nanorod bound DDVs demonstrate potential in dual targeting of MCF‐7 breast cancer cells.
Chemistry in a cup of coffee: Adapting an online lab module for teaching specific heat capacity of beverages to health sciences students during the COVID pandemic
Authors: Mahaffey Angela L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present pandemic has hurled organizations into a new social “norm”—and academia is not exempt. As a result, a novel pedagogy has evolved, demanding mechanisms of social distance teaching and learning be developed. This new era in education has learning institutions acquiring, adapting or even designing online STEM labs for physical science courses—replacing face‐to‐face teaching laboratory settings. The difficulty of designing science practicum that promotes student engagement and relates scientific principles to “real life” has heightened as we shift to more online instruction. Therefore, a necessity to develop contemporary methods of promoting student engagement and participation in an online learning environment has become apparent. Here, a virtual lab course designed for health science majors, utilized an online lab module and, with the use of a learning management system, adapted it to illustrate the principles of specific heat capacity in “real life”: hot coffee. Students enrolled in the lab course were able to perform a virtual lab, complete calculations, compare calculated and experimental values, and relate the experimental chemistry topics to healthcare in a lab report. Following the lab experience, students completed an anonymous and voluntary qualitative survey in which they recommended this lab exercise for future classes.
Asymptomatic giant right coronary artery aneurysm in Kawasaki disease: A case report
Authors: Belayneh Dereje K. , Calais Fredrik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIncidentally diagnosed giant coronary artery aneurysms (gCAA) exceeding 50 mm in diameter are extremely rare and carry increased risks of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Currently, surgery is the preferred treatment for such gCAA.
The largest viable aortic aneurysm
Authors: Koubaissi Salwa A. , Zein‐El‐Dine Salah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTime has allowed us to attain new therapeutic advances in both surgical and medical fields. Nevertheless, prolonging patients’ life expectancies by using these new techniques exposes physicians to challenging and exceptional medical presentations that, in the near past, were not possibly attainable and would not have naturally occurred.
TiO2 Nanotubes Supported PtOx Nanoclusters with Enhanced Mass Activity for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: AlAqad Khaled M. , Kandiel Tarek A. , Basheer Chanbasha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeveloping proper supports to enhance Pt mass activity is crucial for the practical application of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) support is fabricated via anodizing Ti foil and loaded with PtOx nanoclusters using a facile photo‐deposition method. The formation of PtOx was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Interestingly, the TNTs supported PtOx (Ti/TNTs/PtOx) electrocatalyst showed superior activity towards HER than the benchmark Pt/C and TiO2 nanoparticles (TNPs) supported PtOx electrocatalysts. An overpotential of −30 mV was sufficient to deliver −10 mA cm−2 from the acidic medium. The electrocatalytic mass activity of Ti/TNTs/PtOx (i. e. 204 mA mg−1) is enhanced by 12 and 1.7‐fold in comparison with those of Pt/C and TNPs supported PtOx electrocatalysts, respectively. The superior activity of Ti/TNTs/PtOx is mainly due to its large electrochemical active surface area and the excellent electron mobility in TNTs support.
Ending the Chase for a Perfect Binder: Role of Surface Chemistry Variation and its Influence on Silicon Anodes
Authors: Hays Kevin A. , Armstrong Beth , Veith Gabriel M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work we examine the influence of the type of silicon source material (two milled and two plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) on the electrochemical performance of silicon‐based anodes for Li‐ion batteries. The four representative Si sources were previously identified in literature but have never been compared side by side, which is critical to understanding the wide variation in performance reported for silicon‐based electrodes. These particles display unique surface features associated with surface oxides and residual precursor species (Si−N, Si−C, Si−H) which impact processability by changing interactions within the electrode slurry and the resulting electrochemical performance. These properties should be taken into consideration when utilizing “off‐the‐shelf” Si powders for investigations and would be good variables to explore to understand why certain chemistries display suitable performance, while others “don't work.”
Multivariate calibration: Identification of phenolic compounds in PROPOLIS using FT‐NIR
Authors: Matei Letycia Alyne , Lafay Cintia Boeira Batista , Calegari Matheus Augusto , Oldoni Tatiane Luiza Cadorin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe chemical composition of propolis is complex and varies according to location, seasonality, and vegetation where the hives are located. Raw and macerated propolis produced in different regions of Brazil were assessed and produced iPLS models from FTNIR combined to multivariate calibration to determine total phenolic content (TPC). The spectra of raw propolis were obtained analyzing samples directly, without treatment or processing, while macerated propolis was submitted to the milling process using liquid nitrogen. Concerning the results, the TPC ranged from 3.61 to 90.4 mg GAE g‐1, which indicates a significant difference among samples. It was possible to conclude that macerated propolis presented the best multivariate calibration obtained from the second derivative and SNV pre‐processing. The error values RMSECV and RMSEP were 3.79 and 6.17 mg GAE g‐1 respectively, while the determination coefficients in the calibration, cross‐validation, and external validation were 0.97, 0.87, and 0.82, respectively.
N‐terminal β‐strand of single‐headed kinesin‐1 can modulate the off‐axis force‐generation and resultant rotation pitch
Authors: Yamagishi Masahiko , Fujimura Shoko , Sugawa Mitsuhiro , Nishizaka Takayuki , Yajima Junichiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn in vitro microtubule gliding assays, most kinesins drive the rotation of gliding microtubules around their longitudinal axes in a corkscrew motion. The corkscrewing pitch is smaller than the supertwisted protofilament pitch of microtubules, indicating that the corkscrewing pitch is an inherent property of kinesins. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which kinesins corkscrew the microtubule, we performed three‐dimensional tracking of a quantum dot bound to a microtubule translocating over a surface coated with single‐headed kinesin‐1 s under various assay conditions to alter the interactions between the kinesin and microtubule. Although alternations in kinesin concentration, ionic strength, and ATP concentration changed both gliding and rotational velocities, the corkscrewing pitch remained left‐handed and constant at ~0.3 μm under all tested conditions apart from a slight increase in pitch at a low ATP concentration. We then used our system to analyze the effect of point mutations in the N‐terminal β‐strand protruding from the kinesin motor core and found mutations that decreased the corkscrewing pitch. Our findings confirmed that the corkscrewing motion of microtubules is caused by the intrinsic properties of the kinesin and demonstrates that changes in the active or retarding force originating from the N‐terminal β‐strand in the head modulate the pitch.
Micro‐macro dynamics of the online opinion evolution: An asynchronous network model approach
Authors: Li Chong , Yang Yingjie , Liu Sifeng 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the complex relationship between endogenous and exogenous, deterministic and stochastic stimulating factors in public opinion dynamics. An asynchronous multiagent network model is proposed to explore the interaction mechanism between individual opinions and the public opinion in online multiagent network community, including both the micro and the macro patterns of opinion evolution. In addition, based on random network models, a novel algorithm is provided for opinion evolution prediction. The model property analysis and numerical experiments show that the proposed asynchronous multiagent network model can assimilate and explain some interesting phenomena that are observed in the real world. Further case studies with numerical simulation and real‐world applications confirm the feasibility and flexibility of the proposed model in public opinion analysis. The results challenge the common perception that mass media or opinion facilitators play the fundamental role in controlling the development trends of public opinion. This study shows that the formation and evolution of public opinion in the presence of opinion leaders depend also on an individual's emotional inertia and conformity pressures from peers in the same topic group.