bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Model Validation of Decline Curve Analysis for Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Gorditsa Mikhail , Bryan Eric , Moridis George J. , Blasingame Thomas A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The motivation for this work is straight-forward — simply put, there is need in the upstream oil and gas industry to properly forecast production rate performance in unconventional reservoirs. At present, this need is being met by an ever-growing inventory of time-rate (decline curve analysis (or, DCA)) relations of various constructs and purposes — this has led to inconsistent and somewhat contradictory results. The overall purpose of this work is to put forth an examination of the validity of the most common of these time-rate models via the use of high-resolution reservoir simulation.
As such, this work is constructed in 2 parts. The first part of this work is focused on the creation of a very high precision reservoir simulation model that is of sufficient accuracy and flexibility to model the well performance for the primary types of unconventional reservoirs (e.g., gas-water and oil-gas-water systems). The reservoir simulation model is validated against analytical models for the single-phase case (to ensure validity), then tested with numerous synthetic field cases (to ensure applicability to most types of unconventional reservoir systems).
The second part of this work focuses on the use of the common DCA relations (Arp's Modified Hyperbolic model, the stretched/power law exponential model, the Duong model, and the Logistical Growth model (a population model)) to correlate against reservoir simulation results to establish the "most appropriate" model(s) for which to history match actual field cases.
Based on the synthetic performance cases considered in the first portion of this work, a new time-rate (DCA) model is proposed based on the K1(x) Bessel Function (i.e., the Modified Bessel Function of the second kind). In form, this result is quite compact and has the general performance characteristics of the modified-hyperbolic model at early times and the stretched/power law exponential model(s) at intermediate and late times — that is, the rate and the decline parameters D(t) and b(t) for the K1X model closely match these functions for the aforementioned DCA models and the reservoir simulation performance results. In this sense, the K1X model is a sort of "hybrid" which represents the combined behavior of the modified-hyperbolic model and the stretched/power law exponential model(s).
Estimating Reservoir and Fracture Properties from Stage-By-Stage Pressure Decline Analysis in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Wang HanYi , Elliott Brendan , Sharma Mukul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The pressure decline data after the end of a hydraulic fracture stage is sometimes monitored for an extended period of time (30 minutes to hours). However, this data is not analyzed and often ignored or underappreciated due to a lack of suitable models for closure of propped fractures. In this study, we present a new approach to model and analyze pressure decline data that is available at the end of each plug and perf stage in horizontal wells. The new model, interpretation method and specialized plots presented in this study allow us to quantify closure stress, average pore pressure inside the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) and normalized fracture stiffness/compliance evolution along the entire horizontal wellbore without additional data acquisition costs. Analysis of field stage-by-stage pressure decline data shows that the interpreted results are consistent with the analysis of DFIT data from an offset well for the same formation. We found that the early-time stage-by-stage pressure decline trend is controlled by progressive hydraulic fracture closure on the proppant pack, while late-time pressure decline reflects linear flow. Thus, the pressure decline rate alone is not a reliable indicator of the productivity or stimulation efficiency of a certain stage. When DFIT data is not available, pressure decline analysis of a main hydraulic fracturing stage can be used even if it can be monitored for a relatively short period of time (1 hour). Most important of all, we show that the slope of pressure derivative on a log-log plot and the normalized fracture stiffness plot can be used to infer the uniformity of proppant distribution.
An Intelligent Artificial Lift Technology and its Trial in Middle East: Integration of Remote Wireless Control and Artificial Automation for Zonal Water Injection
Authors: Fu Jin , Wang Xi , Yang Guobin , Zhang Shunyuan , Liu Bingshan , Chen Chen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
High water cut is a serious problem for mature oilfields in China. Water injection paths are intersected with each other, injectors and producers are distributed in a more and more complicated pattern, while low-productivity layers are more focused. Conventional zonal water injection technologies require repetitive operation with wirelines and cables, causing extensive tests and low efficiency. However, an intelligent zonal water injection string consisting of several preset cable packers, water injection pressure gauges, formation pressure gauges and downhole flow meters has simply optimized water injection parameters and efficiently developed all reservoirs in some China's mature oilfields.
Horizontal drilling and extended reach well drilling technologies are developing by high speed, we are faced by more critical borehole conditions, which has brought more challenges to water adsorption testing of horizontal intervals and deployment of zonal water injection instruments. Compared with vertical wells, the water adsorption test and string running are more challenging for horizontal wells, in which we are faced by many a problem during zonal water injection, such as competitive slack off and tight pull, excessive or inadequate water injection, complicated operation process, etc.
There are several common challenges arising from zonal water injection, such as tight pull, slack off and repetitive operation. A full set of wireless intelligent water injection string for horizontal wells has been proposed. Based on pressure pulse water distribution technique, the water injection string is eligible for multi-stage adjustment, so it is possible to finalize testing, adjusting, injection, measurement, downhole data collection as well as automatic error correction in one run during water injection. A dedicated trial shows that integration of remote wireless control and artificial automation may is applicable, as packers are set securely and released easily, in order to adjust opening of each water injection nozzle on the ground. Therefore, this completion and water zonal water injection string enables precise water injection by means of data remote control. The first trial was accomplished in Ghawar Oilfield, Saudi Arabia, showing acceptable results.
Integration of remote wireless control and artificial automation requires a wireless water injection string that combines testing, adjusting, injection, measuring and data collection in one trip, providing us with adequate downhole data. Thus, the complete water injection process for each zone is precisely monitored and controlled on the ground.
Assessment of the Efficacy of the Far Cortical Locking Technique in Proximal Humeral Fractures: A Comparison with the Conventional Bi-cortical Locking Technique&nbsp;
Authors: seo joongbae , Kim Yoenjun , Kim Kyubeom , Yoo Jae-Sung 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Locking plate fixation is one of the treatment strategies for the management of proximal humeral fractures. However, stiffness after locking plate fixation is a clinical concern. The mechanical stiffness of the standard locking plate system may suppress the interfragmentary motion necessary to promote secondary bone healing by callus formation. The far cortical locking (FCL) technique was developed to address this limitation in 2005. FCL increases construct flexibility and promotes callus formation. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of the FCL technique when implemented in proximal humeral fracture management. Furthermore, we compared the surgical outcomes of FCL with those of the conventional bicortical locking (BCL) screw fixation technique.Methods Forty-five consecutive patients who had undergone locking fixation for proximal humeral fractures were included in this study. A proximal humeral locking plate (PHILOS) system with BCL screw fixation was used in the first 27 cases, and the periarticular proximal humeral locking plate with FCL screw fixation was used in the final 18 consecutive cases. Functional capacity was assessed using the constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and range of motion. Radiographic outcomes were evaluated using the Paavolainen method of measuring the neck-shaft angle (NSA).Results No significant differences in clinical outcomes (ASES score, constant score, and range of motion)were found between the two groups. The union rate at 12 weeks was significantly higher in the FCL group (94.4%) than in the BCL group (66.7%, p=0.006). No significant differences in NSA were found between the two treatment strategies. The complication rate was not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions When implemented in proximal humeral fractures, the FCL technique showed satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes as compared with the conventional BCL technique. The bone union rate at 12 weeks after surgery was significantly higher in the FCL group than in the BCL group. However, no significant difference in the final bone union rate was found between the two groups.Level of evidence: Level III-2, Retrospective study
WITHDRAWN: Age-related changes of neutrophil characteristics, potential of activation, DNA release and NET formation
Authors: Krall Moritz , Mauracher Lisa-Marie , Roiss Johanna , Hell Lena , Ondracek Anna S , Gebhart Johanna , Brostjan Christine , Ay Cihan , Pabinger Ingrid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Neutrophils are a heterogeneous population of leukocytes, which can be subdivided into high and low density neutrophils (HDNs/LDNs). They are known to fight intruders with different mechanisms, including the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which have also been associated with thrombosis. Risks of infection and thrombosis increase with age. Differences in neutrophil subpopulations and functionality have been shown in various disease states, but investigations in healthy subjects and their dependence on age are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate age-related changes in neutrophils regarding neutrophil subpopulations, their potential of activation, DNA release and NET formation.Methods: Neutrophil subpopulations (HDNs and LDNs) were isolated from 25 healthy individuals subdivided into 3 groups (<45 years, n=8; 45-54, n=9; >54, n=8). Neutrophil characteristics, potential of activation and the ability of NET formation was investigated using flow cytometry. Externalisation of DNA was detected by a DNA release assay.Results: HDN and LDN counts did not differ between age-groups. However, with increasing age we observed a shift in neutrophil subpopulations towards a lower amount of mature LDNs, characterized by their expression of membrane receptors CD62L and CD16. Upon stimulation, neutrophils of older individuals showed significantly higher release of DNA. HDNs of younger participants increased activation markers (CD66b and CD11b) to a higher extent compared to those of older individualsConclusion: Neutrophils and their ability of activation, DNA release and NET formation change with age and this might contribute to the higher risk of infection and thrombosis at advanced age. Furthermore, these results highlight the importance and necessity of age-matching in studies that focus on neutrophil characteristics.
Long-term radiographic outcomes and functional evaluation of ulnar shortening osteotomy in patients with ulnar impaction syndrome and reverse oblique sigmoid notch
Authors: Huang Hui-Kuang , Lee Steve K. , Huang Yi-Chao , Yin Cheng-Yu , Chang Ming-Chau , Wang Jung-Pan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) is an effective treatment for ulnar impaction syndrome. However, there has been a concern of osteoarthritis (OA) developing at the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) if USO is performed on patients with a reverse oblique sigmoid notch. This study aimed to evaluate the radiographic and functional outcomes following USO in patients with a reverse oblique sigmoid notch.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our patients with a reverse oblique sigmoid notch who underwent USO to treat ulnar impaction syndrome between 2002 and 2013. We evaluated the radiographic changes of the DRUJ and the patients’ functional outcomes.Results: We enrolled 22 patients (22 wrists) with an average age at operation of 49.6 years and mean follow-up of 93.2 (range, 36 - 179; SD 38.2) months. We found that there were changes in the inclination angle of the sigmoid notch, from an average of reverse oblique 14.9o (range, 11o - 23o; SD 3.4o) preoperatively to a more parallel 5.1o (range, 0o - 11o; SD 3.2o) at the final follow-ups. The functional results at the final follow-ups were good with a mean VAS for pain of 0.2 (range, 0 - 1; SD 0.4) at rest and 1.3 (range, 0 - 3; SD 0.9) during activity, QuickDASH of 15.1 (range, 2.3 - 34.1; SD 8.8), and modified Mayo Wrist Score of 91.6 (range, 70-100; SD 6.4). Seven wrists (31.8%) were noted to have OA changes, but the wrists did not exhibit a significantly worse function when compared to wrists without OA changes, except for supination motion and grip strength.Conclusions: For those patients with a reverse oblique sigmoid inclination following USO, the inclination angle would have a tendency to become more parallel and some patients would develop OA changes at the DRUJ, but the functional outcomes could still be good in the long term. The reverse oblique sigmoid inclination seems not to be an absolute contraindication for USO.
Accessing health services in India: Experiences of seasonal migrants returning to Nepal.
Authors: Adhikary Pratik , Aryal Nirmal , Dhungana Raja Ram , KC Radheyshyam Krishna , Regmi Pramod Raj , Wickramage Kolitha Prabhash , Duigan Patrick , Inkochasan Montira , Sharma Guna Nidhi , Devkota Bikash , Teijlingen Edwin van , Simkhada Padam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Migration to India is a common livelihood strategy for poor people in remote Western Nepal. To date, little research has explored the degree and nature of healthcare access among Nepali migrant workers in India. This study explores the experiences of returnee Nepali migrants with regard to accessing healthcare and the perspectives of stakeholders in the government, support organizations, and health providers working with migrant workers in India. Methods: Six focus group discussions (FGDs) and 12 in-depth interviews with returnee migrants were conducted by trained moderators in six districts in Western Nepal in late 2017. A further nother 12 key persons working in the health and education sector were also interviewed. With the consent of the participants, FGDs and interviews were audio-recorded. They were then transcribed and translated into English and the data w ere as analysed thematically. Results: The interviewed returnee migrants worked in 15 of India’s 29 states, most as daily wage labourers. Most were from among the lowest castes so called-Dalits. Most migrants had had difficulty accessing healthcare services in India. The major barriers to access were the lack of insurance, low wages, not having an Indian identification card tied to individual biometrics so called: Aadhaar card. Other barriers were unsupportive employers, discrimination at healthcare facilities and limited information about the locations of healthcare services. Conclusions: Nepali migrants experience difficulties in accessing healthcare in India. Partnerships between the Nepali and Indian governments, migrant support organizations and relevant stakeholders such as healthcare providers, government agencies and employers should be strengthened so that this vulnerable population can access the healthcare they are entitled to. Keywords: Migrants, Returnees, Healthcare access, Qualitative research, Nepal, South Asia
Air sampling for detection of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in commercial poultry flocks.
Authors: Brown Lauren , Premaratna Dilhani , Segal Yonatan , Beddoe Travis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of poultry, caused by gallid herpesvirus 1 (ILTV), which causes significant economic losses. Due to recent outbreaks of ILT in Australia, it has been proposed that ILT could be transmitted between poultry sheds by airborne transmission; however, there has never been direct detection of gallid herpesvirus 1 from air samples. We aimed to optimize a sampling system for the detection of airborne gallid herpesvirus 1 in poultry sheds.Results Poultry farms with a known clinical outbreaks of ILT were used as a test case for detection of airborne ILTV. Infected chickens were verified by detection of ILTV nucleic acid in feather shafts with all farms being positive. Using a liquid cyclonic impinging device, it was found that recovery and detection of airborne ILTV was possible in alkaline PEG buffer. Additional sampling was performed at different heights to determine the presence of ILTV in the air. In farm 3, all three air samples at both heights were positive for ILVT while at farm 2 only one sample at 45cm was positive. We envisaged in the future air sampling will be able to detect and track potential transmission of gallid herpesvirus 1 both inside and outside of the poultry shed.
Tsetse fly distribution and occurrence of Trypanosoma species among cattle and goats around Queen Elizabeth National park, Uganda
Authors: Kangume Mallion , Muhangi Denis , Byaruhanga Joseph , Agaba Aggrey , Sserunkuma Joachim , Kisembo Stallon Justus , Bogere Paul , Vudriko Patrick , Rwego Innocent Bidason 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) is an infectious disease of economic and veterinary importance in Sub-Saharan Africa. The current study aimed at providing baseline information on tsetse fly distribution and occurrence of Trypanosoma species in cattle and goats within and around Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP), in western Uganda. A minimal entomological survey was conducted in April 2017 while blood samples collected from cattle (n = 576) and goats (n = 319) in June 2015 and May 2017 were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to determine the occurrence of Trypanosoma species.Results: Glossina pallidipes and G. fuscipes were the only tsetse fly species trapped in the study area with apparent density of 20.6. The overall prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. was 27% for goats and approximately 38% for cattle. The most prevalent Trypanosoma spp. in goats was T. brucei (n = 60, 18.8%) while the most prevalent in cattle was T. congolense (n = 102, 27.1%). In both cattle and goats, a dual infection of T. brucei + T. congolense was most encountered. In goats a triple infection of T. brucei + T. congolense + T. vivax was higher than that in cattle. Conclusions: Current findings show that there are two species of tsetse flies, and three species of Trypanosoma, important in transmission of AAT in both cattle and goats. Control efforts of AAT have mainly focused on cattle and this study proves that prevention and control efforts should also involve goat farmers.
Facilitating equal access to primary care for all: work experiences of health mediators in a primary health care model program in Hungary
Authors: Katona Cintia , Gutási Éva , Papp Magor , Varga Orsolya , Kósa Karolina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: A Primary Care Model Programme was implemented in Hungary between 2013 and 2017 in order to increase access of disadvantaged population groups to primary care and to offer new preventive services for all clients. In a country with single-handed practices, four group practices or GP clusters were created in the Programme. Six GPs comprised one cluster who together employed nonmedical health professionals and nonprofessional health mediators, the latter recruited from the serviced communities, many of them of Roma ethnicity. Health mediators were tasked by improving access of the local communities – including its vulnerable Roma members – to existing and new services. Health mediators were interviewed about their work experiences, motivation, and overall opinion as members of the clusters as part of the Programme evaluation. Methods: As part of the Programme evaluation, structured interviews were conducted with all 40 health mediators employed at the time in the Programme. Interviews were transcribed and content analysis was carried out. Results: Three themes emerged from the transcripts. The first focused on the health mediators’ personal characteristics such as motivation to join the Programme, the way their job increased their self-esteem, social status and health consciousness. Domains of the second theme of their work included importance of on-the-job training and of their insider knowledge of local communities, as well as their pride to have become members of the primary care team. The third theme covered overall functioning of the Programme of which they had mostly positive opinions, notwithstanding some criticism regarding procurement. Conclusions: Health mediators had earlier worked in various European countries specifically to improve access of Roma ethnic groups to health services but the Hungarian Model Programme was globally the first in which health mediators as non-professional workers became equal members of the primary care team as employees. Their contribution and overwhelmingly positive experiences, along with their useful insights for improvement call for the establishment and funding of health mediator positions in primary care especially in areas with large numbers of disadvantaged Roma populations.
A Finite Element Analysis of Sacroiliac Joint Displacements and Ligament Strains in Response to Three Manipulations
Authors: Xu Zhun , Li Yikai , Zhang Shaoqun , Liao Liqing , Wu Kai , Feng Ziyu , Liu Dan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Clinical studies have found that manipulations have a good clinical effect on sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain without specific causes. However, the specific mechanisms of manipulations are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three common manipulations on the pressures and displacements of SIJ, and the strains of the surrounding ligaments. Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model of the pelvis-femur was developed. The manipulation of hip and knee flexion (MHKF), the manipulation of oblique pulling (MOP), and the manipulation of lower limb hyperextension (MLLH) were simulated. The pressures and displacements of SIJs, and the strains of the surrounding ligaments were analyzed under the three manipulations. Results: The MOP produced the greatest pressure on the left SIJ, at 6.6 MPa, while the MHKF could produce the lowest pressure on the right SIJ, at 1.5 MPa. The displacements of SIJs were all less than 1mm in the three manipulations. The three manipulations could cause different degrees of the strains of ligaments around the SIJs, and the MOP could produce the largest strain of ligaments. Conclusion: The three manipulations all produced small displacements of SIJs, while they caused different degrees of ligament strains, which might be the reason for relieving the SIJ pain. The MOP may be a more effective manual therapy. Key words: Manipulation, Sacroiliac joint, Displacement, Ligament strain, Finite element analysis.