bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronology of sodium channel mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Chen Mengli , Du Yuzhe , Nomura Yoshiko , Zhorov Boris S. , Dong Ke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAedes aegypti is the primary mosquito vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya. Current strategies to control Ae. aegypti rely heavily on insecticide interventions. Pyrethroids are a major class of insecticides used for mosquito control because of their fast acting, highly insecticidal activities and low mammalian toxicity. However, Ae. aegypti populations around the world have begun to develop resistance to pyrethroids. So far, more than a dozen mutations in the sodium channel gene have been reported to be associated with pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti. Co‐occurrence of resistance‐associated mutations is common in pyrethroid‐resistant Ae. aegypti populations. As global use of pyrethroids in mosquito control continues, new pyrethroid‐resistant mutations keep emerging. In this microreview, we compile pyrethroid resistance‐associated mutations in Ae. aegypti in a chronological order, as they were reported, and summarize findings from functional evaluation of these mutations in an in vitro sodium channel expression system. We hope that the information will be useful for tracing possible evolution of pyrethroid resistance in this important human disease vector, in addition to the development of methods for global monitoring and management of pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti.
Early urinary catheter removal after rectal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Castelo M , Sue-Chue-Lam C , Kishibe T , Acuna S A , Baxter N N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Urinary catheters are placed after rectal surgery to prevent urinary retention, but prolonged use may increase the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI). This review evaluated the non-inferiority of early urinary catheter removal compared with late removal for acute urinary retention risk after rectal surgery.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from January 1980 to February 2019. RCTs comparing early versus late catheter removal after rectal surgery were eligible. Primary outcomes were acute urinary retention and UTI; the secondary outcome was length of hospital stay. Early catheter removal was defined as removal up to 2 days after surgery, with late removal after postoperative day 2. The non-inferiority margin from an included trial was used for analysis of change in urinary retention (ΔNI = 15 per cent). Pooled estimates of risk differences (RDs) were derived from random-effects models. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.

Results
Four trials were included, consisting of 409 patients. There was insufficient evidence to conclude non-inferiority of early versus late catheter removal for acute urinary retention (RD 9 (90 per cent c.i. −1 to 19) per cent; PNI = 0·31). Early catheter removal was superior for UTI (RD −11 (95 per cent c.i. −17 to −4) per cent; P = 0·001). Results for length of stay were mixed. There were insufficient data to conduct subgroup analyses.

Conclusion
The existing literature is inconclusive for non-inferiority of early versus late urinary catheter removal for acute urinary retention. Early catheter removal is superior in terms of reducing the risk of UTI.
Single‐cell sequencing of miRNAs: A modified technology
Authors: Chakraborty Chiranjib , Bhattacharya Manojit , Agoramoorthy Govindasamy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe recent development of next‐generation sequencing technologies has offered valuable insights into individual cells. This technology is centered on the characterization of single cells for epigenomics, genomics, and transcriptomics. Ever since the first report appeared in 2009, the single‐cell RNA‐sequencing saga started to explore deeper into the mechanics intrigued within a single cell. microRNA (miRNA) has been increasingly recognized as an essential molecule triggering an additional layer for gene regulation. Therefore, single‐cell sequencing of miRNAs is crucial to explore the logical riddles surrounding the epigenomics, genomics, and transcriptomics of an individual cell. Scientists from the Vienna Biocenter Campus have lately performed single‐cell sequencing of miRNAs in the fly, Drosophila, and nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. In this review, we present the latest scientific explorations supported by all‐inclusive data on this novel subject matter of next‐generation sequencing.
Removal of Cr(VI) from Acid Wastewater by BC/ZnFe2O4 Magnetic Nanocomposite via the Synergy of Absorption‐Photocatalysis
Authors: Shen Xiaofeng , Zheng Ting , Yang Jiayi , Shi Zhun , Xue Qingquan , Liu Wanpeng , Shan Shengdao , Wong Ming Hung 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhotocatalysis is a promising solar energy conversion technology due to its potential applications in water treatment, searching for highly efficient photocatalytic materials is highly desirable. Herein, we have prepared a series of biochar(BC)/ZnFe2O4 magnetic nanocomposites by the calcination‐hydrothermal two‐step method. BC/ZnFe2O4 owns improved photoabsorption from 400 to 1300 nm. PL spectra of BC/ZnFe2O4 shows a weaker intensity compared with BC and ZnFe2O4, and BC/ZnFe2O4 generates a stronger photocurrent density (∼0.08 μA cm−2) than that of BC (0) or ZnFe2O4 (0.03 μA cm−2) under the visible light irradiation, implying efficient separation efficiency of photogeneration carriers. The investigation of pH (3, 5, 7, 9, 11) sensitivity of BC/ZnFe2O4 demonstrates that removal efficiency of Cr(VI) achieves the highest rate at pH=3. Under visible light irradiation, BC/ZnFe2O4 as photocatalyst can remove 80 % Cr(VI), higher than that of BC (0) or ZnFe2O4 (44 %). In addition, BC/ZnFe2O4 composites exhibit excellent cycling stability and can be easily separated for recycling due to its stability and unique magnetic properties. This work has presented a promising strategy in adsorption‐photocatalytic treatment of acidic wastewater containing heavy metals.
Combining Theory and Experiment to Characterize the Voltammetric Behavior of Nickel Anodes in the Simons Process
Authors: Mattsson Stefan , Senges Gene , Riedel Sebastian , Paulus Beate 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Simons process, otherwise known as the electrochemical fluorination (ECF) method, is widely used in industry to electrolytically synthesize chemicals for various purposes. Even to this day, the exact mechanism of the ECF reaction remains unknown, but is believed to involve the formation of an anodic nickel fluoride film with highly oxidized nickel centers. In this study, experiments and density functional theory calculations are combined to characterize the initial anodic peak occurring at potentials typically required in an ECF cell. NiF2 is believed to form a passivating layer at low potentials. The calculations show that a potential of +3.1 V is required to oxidize surface Ni2+ centers to Ni3+. This is in good agreement with the measured anodic peak at +3.57 V.
Experimentelle und theoretische Betrachtungen der Methanol‐ und direkten DME‐Synthese im Labor‐ und Technikums‐Maßstab
Authors: Kiendl Isabel , Schmaderer Harald , Schödel Nicole , Klein Harald 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDie Entwicklung großtechnischer chemischer Prozesse kann insbesondere bei stark exothermen, heterogen katalysierten Reaktionen Herausforderungen und reaktionstechnische Limitierungen mit sich bringen. Am Beispiel zweier Reaktionen, der Methanol‐ und der direkten Dimethylether‐Synthese, wird dies experimentell gezeigt. Hierzu dient der Vergleich der Ergebnisse aus Versuchsreihen in zwei verschiedenen Reaktorgrößen: Labor‐ und Technikums‐Maßstab. Die vorgestellten Versuchsreihen umfassen die Variation zweier entscheidender Betriebsparameter: der Reaktionstemperatur und dem CO2‐Anteil am Reaktoreintritt.
An Electrochemical Non‐Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Ultrathin PdAg Single‐Crystalline Nanowires
Authors: Xu Xiaoxiang , Lv Hao , Sun Lizhi , Song Peng , Liu Ben , Chen Xiong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElectrochemical non‐enzymatic sensors have great potential for prompt and efficient detection of glucose. Herein, a novel, highly efficient electrochemical non‐enzymatic glucose sensor is reported that is based on ultrathin PdAg single‐crystalline nanowires (NWs). Ultrathin PdAg NWs are fabricated by a facile one‐pot aqueous synthesis through an in situ growth strategy with an amphiphilic surfactant as the template. A comparison of the activities of PdAg NWs with different compositional ratios and nanostructures shows that ultrathin Pd2Ag1 NWs hold the best performance toward electrochemical detection of glucose with an operable sensitivity of 11.6 μA mM−1 cm−2 and a linear response range of 0.1–8 mM. Structural and compositional features of the Pd2Ag1 NWs allow an excellent selectivity, rapid response, and good long‐term stability for electrochemical glucose sensor. This work thus provides a new possibility for the rational design and synthesis of noble‐metal‐based nanomaterials for non‐enzymatic sensors.
A pluralistic approach to economic and business sustainability: A critical meta‐synthesis of foundations, metrics, and evidence of human and local development
Authors: Gatto Andrea 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWellbeing and sustainability are at the center of development studies and economics, being the kernel of theories and policies. Analyzing such complex phenomena implies taking into account both the economic and business spheres. In this regard, the human and local dimensions of development have assumed central importance in determining definitions, measurements, and policies and reveal decisive implications for economic ethics and long‐term development perspectives. This work intends to draw a theoretical excursus on the nexus between the human, sustainable, and local dimensions of development and wide‐ranging business theories. For this scope, the paper adopts a pluralistic approach for determining diverse conceptual insights. Entangling holistic lenses, this study explores the theoretical foundations, measurements, and experiences that have characterized the recent development theory and applied evidence in economics and business. The review detects some evidence in the global and the Italian experiences that can reveal important lessons for theorists, policymakers, and practitioners in development, sustainability, and business.
Zika virus can directly infect and damage the auditory and vestibular components of the embryonic chicken inner ear
Authors: Thawani Ankita , Sammudin Nabilah H. , Reygaerts Hannah S. , Wozniak Alexis N. , Munnamalai Vidhya , Kuhn Richard J. , Fekete Donna M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSensorineural hearing loss is an understudied consequence of congenital Zika syndrome, and balance disorders are essentially unreported to date. Also lacking is information about the susceptibility and the pathogenesis of the developing inner ear following Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure. To address this, ZIKV was delivered directly into the otic cup/otocyst of chicken embryos and infection of inner ear tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry.ResultsAfter injections on embryonic days 2 to 5, ZIKV infection was observed in 90% of the samples harvested 2 to 8 days later; however, the degree of infection was highly variable across individuals. ZIKV was detected in all regions of the inner ear, associated ganglia, and in the surrounding periotic mesenchyme. Detection of virus peaked earlier in the ganglion and vestibular compartments, and later in the cochlea. ZIKV infection increased cell death robustly in the auditory ganglion, and modestly in the auditory sensory organ. Macrophage accumulation was found to overlap with dense viral infection in some tissues. Additionally, dysmorphogenesis of the semicircular canals and ganglion was observed for a subset of injection conditions.ConclusionsThis article presents evidence of direct ZIKV infection of developing inner ear epithelium and shows previously unknown inner ear dysmorphogenesis phenotypes.
Field courses narrow demographic achievement gaps in ecology and evolutionary biology
Authors: Beltran Roxanne S. , Marnocha Erin , Race Alexandra , Croll Donald A. , Dayton Gage H. , Zavaleta Erika S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDisparities remain in the representation of marginalized students in STEM. Classroom‐based experiential learning opportunities can increase student confidence and academic success; however, the effectiveness of extending learning to outdoor settings is unknown. Our objectives were to examine (a) demographic gaps in ecology and evolutionary biology (EEB) major completion, college graduation, and GPAs for students who did and did not enroll in field courses, (b) whether under‐represented demographic groups were less likely to enroll in field courses, and (c) whether under‐represented demographic groups were more likely to feel increased competency in science‐related tasks (hereafter, self‐efficacy) after participating in field courses. We compared the relationships among academic success measures and demographic data (race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, first‐generation, and gender) for UC Santa Cruz undergraduate students admitted between 2008 and 2019 who participated in field courses (N = 941 students) and who did not (N = 28,215 students). Additionally, we administered longitudinal surveys to evaluate self‐efficacy gains during field‐based versus classroom‐based courses (N = 570 students). We found no differences in the proportion of students matriculating at the university as undecided, proposed EEB, or proposed other majors across demographic groups. However, five years later, under‐represented students were significantly less likely to graduate with EEB degrees, indicating retention rather than recruitment drives disparities in representation. This retention gap is partly due to a lower rate of college completion and partly through attrition to other majors. Although under‐represented students were less likely to enroll in field courses, field courses were associated with higher self‐efficacy gains, higher college graduation rates, higher EEB major retention, and higher GPAs at graduation. All demographic groups experienced significant increases in self‐efficacy during field‐based but not lecture‐based courses. Together, our findings suggest that increasing the number of field courses and actively facilitating access to students from under‐represented groups can be a powerful tool for increasing STEM diversity.
Development of Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Nanostructured Carbon Materials for Paracetamol Determination
Authors: Sousa Pereira Ana Carolina , Nunes da Silva Daniela , Sales Porto Laís , César Pereira Arnaldo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis work describes the development of a biosensor for paracetamol (PAR) determination based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and laccase enzyme (LAC), which was immobilized by means of covalent crosslinking using glutaraldehyde. Voltammetric investigations were carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The biosensor was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The results showed that the use of MWCNT/LAC composite increased the sensor sensitivity, compared to bare glassy carbon electrode. Factors affecting the voltammetric signals such as pH, ionic strength, scan rate and interferents were assessed. Linear range, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) obtained were 10–320 μmol L−1, 7 μmol L−1 and 10 μmol L− 1, respectively. The developed biosensor was successfully applied to PAR determination in urine and pharmaceutical formulations samples, with recovery varying from 99.96 to 106.20 % in urine samples and a relative standard deviation less than 1.04 % for PAR determination in pharmaceutical formulations. Therefore, the MWCNT‐LAC/GCE exhibits excellent sensitivity and can be used to PAR determination as a viable alternative in clinical analyzes and quality control of pharmaceutical formulations, through a simple, fast and inexpensive methodology.
The reduction of cocoa cake bitterness using natron and its effects on chocolate nutritive value
Authors: Ponka Roger , Dauriane Bavoua Millie , Bosco Etoa Jean , Fokou Elie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aims at finding how natron reduces the bitterness of cocoa cake and also examines its effect on chocolate nutritive value. Two hundred grams of cocoa cake was treated with different amounts of natron (0 g, 0.961 g; 1.082 g; 1.202 g; 1.322 g; and 1.442 g). Sensory analyzes were performed on each natron‐treated cake. Three ranges of chocolates (black chocolate, milk chocolate, and spread chocolate) were formulated with three cakes (cake with 0 g, 1.202 g and 1.442 g of natron). The nutritive value of the most preferred chocolates was determined by standard Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. Results showed that natron significantly reduces the bitterness of cocoa cake (p ˂ .05). The natron treatment significantly improves the taste and overall acceptability (p ˂ .05) of all chocolate ranges. The most appreciated chocolates are those containing 1.442 g; 0 g and 1.202 g of natron, respectively, for black, milk and spread chocolate. Natron significantly decreased (p < .05) the phenolic composition of milk and spread chocolate as well as the moisture, lipid, ash, and energy content. Nevertheless, it significantly increases (p < .05) the levels of carbohydrates and fiber. The treatment with 1.202 g and 1.442 g of natron significantly increases (p ˂ .05) the sodium and iron content of all ranges of chocolates. For the black chocolate range, treatment with 1.442 g of natron significantly increases (p < .05) the levels of sodium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, manganese and potassium. Natron treatments improve taste, overall acceptability, and sodium and iron contents of chocolate ranges.
TMEM9‐v‐ATPase Activates Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling Via APC Lysosomal Degradation for Liver Regeneration and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Jung Youn‐Sang , Stratton Sabrina A. , Lee Sung Ho , Kim Moon‐Jong , Jun Sohee , Zhang Jie , Zheng Biyun , Cervantes Christopher L. , Cha Jong‐Ho , Barton Michelle C. , Park Jae‐Il 
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims
How Wnt signaling is orchestrated in liver regeneration and tumorigenesis remains elusive. Recently, we identified transmembrane protein 9 (TMEM9) as a Wnt signaling amplifier.

Approach and Results
TMEM9 facilitates v‐ATPase assembly for vesicular acidification and lysosomal protein degradation. TMEM9 is highly expressed in regenerating liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. TMEM9 expression is enriched in the hepatocytes around the central vein and acutely induced by injury. In mice, Tmem9 knockout impairs hepatic regeneration with aberrantly increased adenomatosis polyposis coli (Apc) and reduced Wnt signaling. Mechanistically, TMEM9 down‐regulates APC through lysosomal protein degradation through v‐ATPase. In HCC, TMEM9 is overexpressed and necessary to maintain β‐catenin hyperactivation. TMEM9–up‐regulated APC binds to and inhibits nuclear translocation of β‐catenin, independent of HCC‐associated β‐catenin mutations. Pharmacological blockade of TMEM9‐v‐ATPase or lysosomal degradation suppresses Wnt/β‐catenin through APC stabilization and β‐catenin cytosolic retention.

Conclusions
Our results reveal that TMEM9 hyperactivates Wnt signaling for liver regeneration and tumorigenesis through lysosomal degradation of APC.
Geographic location determines beta‐cell autoimmunity among adult Ghanaians: Findings from the RODAM study
Authors: Hampe Christiane S. , Sahabandu Diomira , Kaiser Vivien , Telieps Tanja , Smeeth Liam , Agyemang Charles , Spranger Joachim , Schulze Matthias B. , Mockenhaupt Frank P. , Danquah Ina , Rolandsson Olov 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionBeta‐cell autoantibodies are established markers of autoimmunity, which we compared between Ghanaian adults with or without diabetes, living in rural and urban Ghana and in three European cities.MethodsIn the multicenter cross‐sectional Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study (N = 5898), we quantified autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) by radioligand binding assay (RBA) and established cut‐offs for positivity by displacement analysis. In a subsample, we performed RBA for zinc transporter‐8 autoantibodies (ZnT8Ab). Associations of environmental, sociodemographic, and clinical factors with GAD65Ab were calculated.ResultsIn this study population (age: 46.1 ± 11.9 years; female: 62%; Ghana‐rural: 1111; Ghana‐urban: 1455; Europe: 3332), 9.2% had diabetes with adult‐onset. GAD65Ab concentrations were the highest in Ghana‐rural (32.4; 10.8‐71.3 U/mL), followed by Ghana‐urban (26.0; 12.3‐49.1 U/mL) and Europe (11.9; 3.0‐22.8 U/mL) with no differences between European cities. These distributions were similar for ZnT8Ab. Current fever, history of fever, and higher concentrations of liver enzymes marginally explained site‐specific GAD65Ab concentrations. GAD65Ab positivity was as frequent in diabetes as in nondiabetes (5.4% vs 6.1%; P = .25). This was also true for ZnT8Ab positivity.ConclusionGeographic location determines the occurrence of GAD65Ab and ZnT8Ab more than the diabetes status. Beta‐cell autoimmunity may not be feasible to differentiate diabetes subgroups in this population.
Oncogenic properties and signaling basis of the PAX8‐GLIS3 fusion gene
Authors: Basili Thais , Dopeso Higinio , Kim Sarah H. , Ferrando Lorenzo , Pareja Fresia , Da Cruz Paula Arnaud , da Silva Edaise M. , Stylianou Anthe , Maroldi Ana , Marchiò Caterina , Rubin Brian P. , Papotti Mauro , Weigelt Britta , Moreira Ferreira Carlos Gil , Lapa e Silva José Roberto , Reis‐Filho Jorge S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHyalinizing trabecular tumors of the thyroid are rare and mostly benign epithelial neoplasms of follicular cell origin, which have recently been shown to be underpinned by the PAX8‐GLIS3 fusion gene. In our study, we sought to investigate the potential oncogenic mechanisms of the PAX8‐GLIS3 fusion gene. Forced expression of PAX8‐GLIS3 was found to increase proliferation, clonogenic potential and migration of human nonmalignant thyroid (Nthy‐ori 3‐1) and embryonic kidney (HEK‐293) cells. Moreover, in xenografts, Nthy‐ori 3‐1 PAX8‐GLIS3 expressing cells generated significantly larger and more proliferative tumors compared to controls. These oncogenic effects were found to be mediated through activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway. Targeting of smoothened (SMO), a key protein in the SHH pathway, using the small molecule inhibitor Cyclopamine partially reversed the increased proliferation, colony formation and migration in PAX8‐GLIS3 expressing cells. Our data demonstrate that the oncogenic effects of the PAX8‐GLIS3 fusion gene are, at least in part, due to an increased activation of the SHH pathway.