bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Dexmedetomidine for Magnetic Resonance Imaging under Sedation in a Pediatric Patient with Phenylketonuria
Authors: Pallavi Kumari , Mishra Rajeeb K. , Goyal Amit , Ramesh Venkatapura J. , Patwardhan Prathamesh M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase which results in accumulation of phenylalanine. Patients of PKU presents with seizures, mental retardation, and organ damage and possess a unique challenge to the anesthesiologists when they need anesthetics for diagnostic or surgical procedures. There is limited literature regarding the safety of various anesthetic drugs in PKU patients. None of them reported the use of dexmedetomidine as safer sedative option for such patients. Therefore, we describe the management of such a case posted for magnetic resonance imaging under dexmedetomidine sedation.
Adoptive Cell Therapy for Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Slovak Ryan J. , Kim Hyun S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe reinfusion of autologous or allogeneic immune cells that have been educated and/or engineered ex vivo to respond to tumor-specific antigens is termed “adoptive cell therapy.” While adoptive cell therapy has made tremendous strides in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, its utilization for solid tumors has lagged somewhat behind. The purpose of this article is to concisely review the clinical research that has been done to investigate adoptive cell therapy as a treatment for gastrointestinal malignancies.
A Case of Congenital Glucose Galactose Malabsorption with a New Mutation in the SLC5A1 Gene
Authors: Akduman Hasan , Dilli Dilek , Ceylaner Serdar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCongenital glucose-galactose malabsorption (CGGM) is an autosomal recessive disorder originating from an abnormal transporter mechanism in the intestines. It was sourced from a mutation in the SLC5A1 gene, which encodes a sodium-dependent glucose transporter. Here we report a 2-day-old girl with CGGM who presented with severe hypernatremic dehydration due to diarrhea beginning in the first hours of life. Mutation analysis revealed a novel homozygous mutation NM_000343.3 c.127G > A (p.Gly43Arg) in the SLC5A1 gene. Since CGGM can cause fatal diarrhea in the early neonatal period, timely diagnosis of the disease seems to be essential.
Sleep Architecture in Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric ICU Patients Receiving Goal-Directed, Dexmedetomidine- and Opioid-based Sedation
Authors: Dervan Leslie A. , Wrede Joanna E. , Watson R. Scott 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis single-center prospective observational study aimed to evaluate sleep architecture in mechanically ventilated pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients receiving protocolized light sedation. We enrolled 18 children, 6 months to 17 years of age, receiving mechanical ventilation and standard, protocolized sedation for acute respiratory failure, and monitored them with 24 hours of limited (10 channels) polysomnogram (PSG). The PSG was scored by a sleep technician and reviewed by a pediatric sleep medicine physician. Sixteen children had adequate PSG data for sleep stage scoring. All received continuous opioid infusions, 15 (94%) received dexmedetomidine, and 7 (44%) received intermittent benzodiazepines. Total sleep time was above the age-matched normal reference range (median 867 vs. 641 minutes, p = 0.002), attributable to increased stage N1 and N2 sleep. Diurnal variation was absent, with a median of 47% of sleep occurring during night-time hours. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was observed as absent in most patients (n = 12, 75%). Sleep was substantially disrupted, with more awakenings per hour than normal for age (median 2.2 vs. 1.1, p = 0.008), resulting in a median average sleep period duration (sleep before awakening) of only 25 minutes (interquartile range [IQR]: 14–36) versus normal 72 minutes (IQR: 65–86, p = 0.001). Higher ketamine and propofol doses were associated with increased sleep disruption. Children receiving targeted, opioid-, and dexmedetomidine-based sedation to facilitate mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure have substantial sleep disruption and abnormal sleep architecture, achieving little to no REM sleep. Dexmedetomidine-based sedation does not ensure quality sleep in this population.
A Prospective Comparison of Serum and Transcutaneous Bilirubin in Indian Neonates
Authors: Kumar Durgesh , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) with total serum bilirubin (TSB) and to find out the effect of phototherapy on correlation of TcB and TSB during and after phototherapy in Indian neonates. Prospective observational study was performed at neonatal intensive care unit of Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, India. Blood samples for TSB estimation of 276 jaundiced neonates were sent, and simultaneously, TcB was measured at forehead and sternum on admission and 12 hourly till discontinuation of phototherapy as per the American Academy of Pediatrics nomogram chart and their correlation was assessed. The effect of phototherapy on correlation of TcB and TSB during and after phototherapy was also observed. The correlation between TSB and TcB was linear and significant for the entire study population over forehead (Pearson's r = 0.802, R
2 = 0.644, p < 0.001) as well as over sternum (Pearson's r = 0.825, R
2 = 0.681, p < 0.001) before starting the phototherapy. This correlation becomes slightly lower for TSB versus TcB forehead (Pearson's r = 0.753, R
2 = 0.568, p < 0.001) and for TSB versus TcB sternum (Pearson's r = 0.754, R
2 = 0.569, p < 0.001) after giving phototherapy for at least 24 hours. The correlation coefficients for TSB versus TcB measurements over forehead and sternum were 0.758 and 0.806, respectively, after 36 hours of phototherapy. TcB measurements using the transcutaneous bilirubinometer correlate closely with TSB levels, so it can be used as an easy and rapid noninvasive method of bilirubin measurement in jaundiced neonates.
Hydrocephalus in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sah Jeetendra P. , Abrams Aaron W. , Chari Geetha , Linden Craig , Anziska Yaacov 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, we reported a case of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I noted to have tetraventricular hydrocephalus with Blake's pouch cyst at 8 months of age following intrathecal nusinersen therapy. The association of hydrocephalus with SMA is rarely reported in the literature. Development of hydrocephalus after intrathecal nusinersen therapy is also reported in some cases, but a cause–effect relationship is not yet established. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of a patient with SMA type I and hydrocephalus, to review similar cases reported in the literature, and to explore the relationship between nusinersen therapy and development of hydrocephalus. The clinical presentation and radiographic findings of the patient are described and a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted. The adverse effect of communicating hydrocephalus related to nusinersen therapy is being reported and the authors suggest carefully monitoring for features of hydrocephalus developing during the course of nusinersen therapy.
Combination Therapies with Ablation: Immunoablation
Authors: Kolarich Andrew R. , Theodoulou Iakovos , Georgiades Christos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPercutaneous ablation has been increasingly utilized as an alternative or adjunct to surgical resection of solid tumors. However, high rates of local recurrence and disease progression both with resection and ablation, particularly in patients with primary and metastatic liver malignancies, have limited further extension of overall survival. Systemic oncology treatment has progressed beyond traditional chemotherapeutic agents to immunotherapeutic agents that exert their effect by enhancing the body's immune response against cancer cells. The induction of necrotic cell death and the release of a large number of tumor antigens as a result of ablation have stimulated interest in combination therapy as a potential method of improving response to immunotherapy. This review focuses on the current scientific evidence for combination therapy of immuno-oncologic agents and locoregional ablation techniques.
57Fe Mossbauer and electrical studies of Mn doped YFeO3 prepared via sol-gel technique
Authors: Padmasree G , Reddy S Shravan Kumar , Ramesh J , Reddy P Yadagiri , Gopal Reddy Ch 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Polycrystalline YFe1−xMnxO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) samples are prepared via sol-gel method. Structural characterization of these samples is done by x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and Raman spectroscopic method. Intense peaks in XRD graphs show that the sample is crystalline in nature and Reitveld refined XRD data shows that the samples are formed in single phase. Raman spectroscopic study confirms the structure and phase purity of the samples. Room temperature 57Fe Mossbauer studies confirm that Fe ion exists in ferric state. The hyperfine field (Bhf) values are found to decrease with increase in manganese (Mn) concentration. This decrease in Bhf value indicates the increase in antiferromagnetic nature of the samples, which arises due to the weakening of magnetic interactions between the Fe ions. From room temperature leakage current density (J-E) measurements, it is observed that leakage current density increases with increase in Mn doping. Scanning electron micrographs explain the reason of increase in leakage current density based on the micro structure of the samples. The samples are found to exhibit Ohmic conduction mechanism in entire electric field range.
Morphological and magnetic features of Ru(III) doped magnetite ultrafine nanoparticles
Authors: Zayed M A , El-dek S I , Ahmed M K , El Sherbiny Doaa H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles constitute a class of nanoparticles which is easily manipulated using a magnetic field. Magnetite nanoparticles doped with ruthenium (Ru) ions [RuxFe(3−x)O4] were synthesized via co-precipitation method where 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 with step 0.1. The obtained nanopowder was investigated via x-ray diffraction, FTIR, FESEM. It was shown that Ru ions were incorporated successfully into a magnetite structure with a slight influence on the value of the lattice parameter which increased from 8.354 Å at x = 0.0 to be 8.403 Å at x = 0.3, while crystallite size deteriorated from 20.1 nm at x = 0.0 to be around 3 nm at x = 0.3. In addition, the surface roughness average was influenced by the dopant content, where it decreased from 35.6 nm at the pure magnetite to be 25.87 nm at x = 0.3. The ICP examination indicated that the measured contents of Ru ions through competitions were around 41 ppm and increased to 190 ppm comparing with 43 and 199 ppm as a theoretical value both x = 0.1 and 0.5. Regarding magnetic properties, the coercivity raised from 40.11 Oe and raised 44.66 Oe for x = 0.0 and 0.5, respectively. This manipulated behavior of magnetite due to dopant suggests that desired properties could be achieved via the dopant strategy to be used for several applications.
Antifungal activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from Candida albicans on the strain lacking the CNP41 gene
Authors: Dhabalia Darshan , Ukkund Shareefraza J , Syed Usman Taqui , Uddin Wasim , Kabir M Anaul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The upsurge of immunocompromised patients has led to extensive study of fungal infections with Candida albicans being the frontline model of pathogenic yeast in humans. In the quest to find novel antifungal agents, this study reports the potential usage of wild-type C. albicans strain C86 to biosynthesise silver nanoparticles by microwave assisted technique. Visual colour change and UV-spectrophotometer were used for primary detection of silver nanoparticles. Additionally, the FTIR peaks confirm the particles’ formation and surface characterisation techniques such as FESEM and EDX suggests that the silver nanoparticles were sized in the range of 30–70 nm. Furthermore, pioneering work of homologous recombination technique was systematically employed to delete uncharacterized gene orf19.3120 (CNP41) in the C86 strain creating the deletion strain C403 of C. albicans. To amalgamate the two significant findings, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were subjected to antifungal studies by disk diffusion assay on the strain C403 that lacks the gene orf19.3120 (CNP41) of C. albicans. As a synergetic approach, combinational effect was studied by incorporating antifungal drug fluconazole. Both individual and enhanced combinational antifungal effects of silver nanoparticles and fluconazole were observed on genetically modified C403 strain with 40% increase in fold area compared to wild-type C86 strain. This can be attributed to the synergetic effect of the bonding reaction between fluconazole and AgNPs. Taken together, this first-ever interdisciplinary study strongly suggests that the CNP41 gene could play a vital role in drug resistance in this fungal pathogen.
A molecular dynamics study of heterogeneous nucleation in generic liquid/substrate systems with positive lattice misfit
Authors: Fan Z , Men H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nucleation plays a critical role in many natural and technological processes, and nucleation control requires detailed understanding of nucleation process at atomic level. In this study, we investigate the atomistic mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation in generic systems of liquid/substrate with positive lattice misfit (the solid has larger atomic spacing than the substrate) using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We found that heterogeneous nucleation process in such systems can be best described by a 3-layer nucleation mechanism: formation of the completely ordered first layer with an epitaxial relationship with the top surface of the substrate; formation of vacancies in the second layer to accommodate lattice misfit; and creation of a nearly perfect crystal plane of the solid in the third layer that demarcates the end of nucleation and the start of crystal growth. This 3-layer nucleation process creates a 2D nucleus (a plane of the solid phase), which contrasts with the hemisphere of the solid (a 3D nucleus) in the classical nucleation theory (CNT). It is expected that this 3-layer nucleation mechanism will provide new insight for nucleation control through effective manipulation of the liquid/substrate interface.
Are freshwater systems in lower Mekong basin (southeast Asia) resilient? A synthesis of social-ecological system
Authors: Kattel Giri R 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSocial-ecological resilience of freshwater systems in lower Mekong basin in southeast Asia is largely unknown. Over the recent past, the freshwater ecosystems in the region have gone through severe environmental stress. Climate change, sea level rise, over-extraction of water and eutrophication together have increased vulnerability to regime shifts of ecosystems in the region. Regime shifts can have long-lasting effects on social-ecological resilience. Response diversity plays a central role in linking ecological, social, and financial systems and enhances resilience. Documenting regime shifts and associated feedbacks as well as the role of response diversity in social-ecological resilience and ecosystem goods and services in the region is essential for future sustainability. In this study, primarily, I have described mechanisms behind emergence of feedback loops at a time of regime shifts and its impacts on ecological resilience. Secondly, I have developed a framework for social-ecological resilience of freshwater ecosystems for southeast Asian region. Thirdly, I have provided current contexts of social-ecological resilience of two of the most productive freshwater ecosystems in the lower Mekong basin of southeast Asia: the Tonle Sap Lake (Cambodia) and the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Finally, in conclusion, I have outlined the key roles response diversity plays in showing the effects of environmental stress and maintaining social-ecological resilience in the region.
Optical and dielectric properties of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Ammar L Ben , Fakhfakh S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the growing demand for electrical energy, the need for optimized designs of electrical insulating materials with dielectric, mechanical and thermal properties for many applications has become important. Polypropylene (PP) resin is widely used in high voltage apparatus for insulation. The addition of nanoparticles to a polymer seems to enhance the overall properties of the nanocomposite. In this work, the effect of nanoclay particles supplementation on optical and dielectric properties of PP nanocomposites was evaluated by means of several analytical techniques. UV–visible spectroscopy and dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz, and the temperature range between 40 °C and 120 °C. Optical properties were recorded at room temperature using UV–visible spectroscopy in the spectral range between 200 nm and 800 nm. The optical band gap was found to decrease with the supplementation of nanoclay while the refractive index increased. Dielectric spectroscopy showed the effect of nanoclay concentration in changing the dielectric relaxation behavior and the existence of interfaces between nanoparticles and polymer. The permittivity increase compared with unfilled PP was attributed to the appearance of two thermally activated relaxation processes in this frequency range.
Unsupervised interpretable learning of topological indices invariant under permutations of atomic bands
Authors: Balabanov Oleksandr , Granath Mats 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Multi-band insulating Bloch Hamiltonians with internal or spatial symmetries, such as particle-hole or inversion, may have topologically disconnected sectors of trivial atomic-limit (momentum-independent) Hamiltonians. We present a neural-network-based protocol for finding topologically relevant indices that are invariant under transformations between such trivial atomic-limit Hamiltonians, thus corresponding to the standard classification of band insulators. The work extends the method of ‘topological data augmentation’ for unsupervised learning introduced (2020 Phys. Rev. Res.
2 013354) by also generalizing and simplifying the data generation scheme and by introducing a special ‘mod’ layer of the neural network appropriate for Z

n
classification. Ensembles of training data are generated by deforming seed objects in a way that preserves a discrete representation of continuity. In order to focus the learning on the topologically relevant indices, prior to the deformation procedure we stack the seed Bloch Hamiltonians with a complete set of symmetry-respecting trivial atomic bands. The obtained datasets are then used for training an interpretable neural network specially designed to capture the topological properties by learning physically relevant momentum space quantities, even in crystalline symmetry classes.
Changepoint inference in the presence of missing covariates for principal surrogate evaluation in vaccine trials
Authors: Yang Tao , Huang Ying , Fong Youyi 
Published: November 2020

SummaryWe consider the use of threshold-based regression models to evaluate immune response biomarkers as principal surrogate markers of a vaccine’s protective effect. Threshold-based regression models, which allow the relationship between a clinical outcome and a covariate to change dramatically across a threshold value in the covariate, have been studied by various authors under fully observed data. Limited research, however, has examined these models in the presence of missing covariates, such as the counterfactual potential immune responses of a participant in the placebo arm of a standard vaccine trial had they been assigned to the vaccine arm instead. Based on a hinge model for a threshold effect of the principal surrogate on vaccine efficacy, we develop a regression method that consists of two components: (i) an estimated likelihood method for handling missing potential outcomes, and (ii) a penalty imposed on the estimated likelihood to ensure satisfactory finite-sample performance. We develop a method that allows joint estimation of all model parameters, as well as a two-step method that separates estimation of the threshold parameter from the rest of the parameters. Stable iterative algorithms are developed to implement the two methods, and the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established. In simulation studies, the proposed estimators are shown to have satisfactory finite-sample performance. The proposed methods are applied to real data collected from dengue vaccine efficacy trials to predict how vaccine efficacy varies with an individual’s potential immune response if receiving the vaccine.
Switching from Infliximab to Biosimilar in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Existing Literature and Best Practices
Authors: Bhat Shubha , Qazi Taha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiosimilars are highly similar but nonidentical biologic agents with no differences in clinical efficacy and safety when compared to bio-originator products. Considering the long-term costs of managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), biosimilars, through economic competition, provide an opportunity for cost savings to payors, may increase access to IBD medications, and could decrease health care spending in the long run. Studies investigating the use of biosimilars in IBD have shown a comparable clinical efficacy and safety profile compared to originator products. Moreover, studies have also suggested that solitary switches between bio-originators and biosimilars are acceptable and do not lead to worsening disease burden or increased immunogenicity or safety concerns. Despite available data and proposed benefits of biosimilars, skepticism about the widespread adoption of biosimilars throughout the United States continues to be present and creates many barriers. Herein, we detail the real-world, nonmedical switching experiences of 2 IBD centers in the United States and review best practices, which can be used as a potential roadmap for successful biosimilar adoption in other institutions.
D-glucose overflow metabolism in an evolutionary engineered high-performance D-xylose consuming Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
Authors: Nijland Jeroen G , Shin Hyun Yong , Dore Eleonora , Rudinatha Donny , de Waal Paul P , Driessen Arnold J M 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Co-consumption of D-xylose and D-glucose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for cost-efficient cellulosic bioethanol production. There is a need for improved sugar conversion rates to minimize fermentation times. Previously, we have employed evolutionary engineering to enhance D-xylose transport and metabolism in the presence of D-glucose in a xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strain devoid of hexokinases. Re-introduction of Hxk2 in the high performance xylose-consuming strains restored D-glucose utilization during D-xylose/D-glucose co-metabolism, but at rates lower than the non-evolved strain. In the absence of D-xylose, D-glucose consumption was similar to the parental strain. The evolved strains accumulated trehalose-6-phosphate during sugar co-metabolism, and showed an increased expression of trehalose pathway genes. Upon the deletion of TSL1, trehalose-6-phosphate levels were decreased and D-glucose consumption and growth on mixed sugars was improved. The data suggest that D-glucose/D-xylose co-consumption in high-performance D-xylose consuming strains causes the glycolytic flux to saturate. Excess D-glucose is phosphorylated enters the trehalose pathway resulting in glucose recycling and energy dissipation, accumulation of trehalose-6-phosphate which inhibits the hexokinase activity, and release of trehalose into the medium.