bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Targeted Treatment on the Prevalence and Intensity of Schistosomiasis in Primary School Children in Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chanhanga Nathan , Ndarukwa Pisirai , Chimbari Moses John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSchistosomiasis one of the major neglected tropical diseases that cause considerable public health problems in more than 78 tropical and subtropical countries. The disease is most prevalent among children who carry a disproportionately high worm load. Various interventions such as, Mass Drug Administration, snail control, safe water provision and health education on schistosomiasis have been implemented independently or jointly in an effort to control, reduce and ultimately eliminate this parasitic disease. The proposed review willquantify and evaluate the impact of these targeted interventions on the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis infection in African primary schools.MethodologyThe Arkseys and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews will be used to conduct the study. We will systematically search for eligible literature from peer-reviewed articles and grey literature. Databases such as Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed and EBSCO host will be searched. In addition, websites like the World Health Organization and government websites will also be searched for articles on the impact of targeted treatment on the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis in African primary schools. The scoping review will the conducted on studies that were published from 2000 to 2020. The Population Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) framework will be implemented to evaluate the eligibility of the research question. The results of the search will be reported utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) flow diagram. Furthermore, quality assessment for the selected primary studies will be conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT)Version 2018. Discussion We expect to gather research articles on various interventions and treatment modalities that have been implemented to reduce the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis infection in African primary schools. This will allow us to quantify and evaluate the overall impact of the targeted treatment to reduce morbidity due to schistosomiasis. Findings from this scoping review will be disseminated in print and electronic to policy makers, researchers and academics through publication in accredited journals and at conferences or congresses.
Effects of pH and Ca exchange on the structure and redox state of synthetic Na-birnessite
Authors: Elmi Chiara , Post Jeffrey E. , Heaney Peter J. , Ilton Eugene S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Birnessite-like minerals are among the most common Mn oxides in surficial soils and sediments, and they mediate important environmental processes (e.g., biogeochemical cycles, heavy metal confinement) and have novel technological applications (e.g., water oxidation catalysis). Ca is the dominant interlayer cation in both biotic and abiotic birnessites, especially when they form in association with carbonates. The current study investigated the structures of a series of synthetic Ca-birnessite analogs prepared by cation-exchange with synthetic Na-birnessite at pH values from 2 to 7.5. The resulting Ca-exchanged birnessite phases were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. All samples synthesized at pH values greater than 3 exhibited a similar triclinic structure with nearly identical unit-cell parameters. The samples exchanged at pH 2 and 3 yielded hexagonal structures, or mixtures of hexagonal and triclinic phases. Rietveld structure refinement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that exchange of Na by Ca triggered reduction of some Mn3+, generating interlayer Mn2+ and vacancies in the octahedral layers. The triclinic and hexagonal Ca-birnessite structures described in this study were distinct from Na- and H-birnessite, respectively. Therefore, modeling X-ray absorption spectra of natural Ca-rich birnessites through mixing of Na- and H-birnessite end-members will not yield an accurate representation of the true structure.
Clinical Values of Nitric Oxide Parameters from the Respiratory System
Authors: Lehtimäki Lauri , Karvonen Tuomas , Högman Marieann 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) concentration reliably reflects
central airway inflammation, but it is not sensitive to changes in the NO dynamics in the lung
periphery. By measuring FENO at several different flow rates one can estimate alveolar NO
concentration (CANO), bronchial NO flux (JawNO), bronchial wall NO concentration (CawNO)
and the bronchial diffusivity of NO (DawNO).

Objective:
We aimed to describe the current knowledge and clinical relevance of NO parameters
in different pulmonary diseases.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic literature search to identify publications reporting NO
parameters in subjects with pulmonary or systemic diseases affecting the respiratory tract. A
narrative review was created for those with clinical relevance.

Results:
Estimation of pulmonary NO parameters allows for differentiation between central
and peripheral inflammation and a more precise analysis of central airway NO output. CANO
seems to be a promising marker of parenchymal inflammation in interstitial lung diseases and
also a marker of tissue damage and altered gas diffusion in chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease and systemic diseases affecting the lung. In asthma, CANO can detect small airway
involvement left undetected by ordinary FENO measurement. Additionally, CawNO and
DawNO can be used in asthma to assess if FENO is increased due to enhanced inflammatory
activity (increased CawNO) or tissue changes related to bronchial remodelling (altered
DawNO).

Conclusion:
: NO parameters may be useful for diagnosis, prediction of disease progression
and prediction of treatment responses in different parenchymal lung and airway diseases.
Formal trials to test the added clinical value of NO parameters are needed.
New Perspectives in the Pharmacological Potential of Naringin in Medicine
Authors: Rivoira María Angélica , Rodriguez Valeria , Talamoni Germán , Tolosa  de Talamoni Nori 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Naringin (NAR) is a flavonoid enriched in several medicinal plants
and fruits. An increasing interest in this molecule has emerged because it has the potential to
contribute to alleviating many health problems.

Objective::
This review briefly describes the NAR pharmacokinetics and it mainly focuses on
the in vitro and in vivo animal studies showing NAR beneficial effects on cardiovascular,
metabolic, neurological and pulmonary disorders and cancer. The anabolic effects of NAR on
different models of bone and dental diseases are also analyzed. In addition, the evidence of
the NAR action on the gastrointestinal tract is reported as well as its influence on the microbiota
composition and activity. Finally, current research on NAR formulations and clinical applications
are discussed.

Methods:
The PubMed database was searched until 2019, using the keywords NAR, naringenin,
cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, neurological and pulmonary disorders, cancer,
bone and dental diseases, gastrointestinal tract, microbiota, NAR formulations, clinical trials.

Results:
The number of studies related to the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of NAR is
limited. Positive effects of NAR have been reported on cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, pulmonary disorders, neurodegenerative diseases,
cancer, and gastrointestinal pathologies. The current NAR formulations seem to improve
its bioavailability, which would allow its clinical applications.

Conclusion:
NAR is endowed with broad biological effects that could improve human health.
Since a scarce number of clinical studies have been performed, the NAR use requires more
investigation in order to know better their safety, efficacy, delivery, and bioavailability in
humans.
Single-cell RNA Sequencing: In-depth Decoding of Heart Biology and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Chen Zhongli , Wei Liang , Duru Firat , Chen Liang 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The cardiac system is a combination of a complex structure, various cells,
and versatile specified functions and sophisticated regulatory mechanisms. Moreover, cardiac diseases
that encompass a wide range of endogenous conditions, remain a serious health burden worldwide.
Recent genome-wide profiling techniques have taken the lead in uncovering a new realm of cell types
and molecular programs driving physiological and pathological processes in various organs and diseases.
In particular, the emerging technique single-cell RNA sequencing dominates a breakthrough in
decoding the cell heterogeneity, phenotype transition, and developmental dynamics in cardiovascular
science.

Conclusion:
Herein, we review recent advances in single cellular studies of cardiovascular system and
summarize new insights provided by single-cell RNA sequencing in heart developmental sciences,
stem-cell researches as well as normal or disease-related working mechanisms.
Developing a Multi-target Model to Predict the Activity of Monoamine Oxidase A and B Drugs
Authors: Concu Riccardo , González-Durruthy Michael , Cordeiro Maria Natália D.S. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are compounds largely used in the
treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease and other neuropsychiatric disorders since
they are closely related to the MAO enzymes activity. The two isoforms of the MAO enzymes, MAO-A
and MAO-B, are responsible for the degradation of monoamine neurotransmitters and due to this, relevant
efforts have been devoted to finding new compounds with more selectivity and less side effects.
One of the most used approaches is based on the use of computational approaches since they are time
and money-saving and may allow us to find a more relevant structure-activity relationship.

Objectives:
In this manuscript, we will review the most relevant computational approaches aimed at the
prediction and development of new MAO inhibitors. Subsequently, we will also introduce a new multitask
model aimed at predicting MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors.

Methods:
The QSAR multi-task model herein developed was based on the use of the linear discriminant
analysis. This model was developed gathering 5,759 compounds from the public dataset Chembl.
The molecular descriptors used was calculated using the Dragon software. Classical statistical tests
were performed to check the validity and robustness of the model.

Results:
The herein proposed model is able to correctly classify all the 5,759 compounds. All the statistical
performed tests indicated that this model is robust and reproducible.

Conclusion:
MAOIs are compounds of large interest since they are largely used in the treatment of very
serious illness. These inhibitors may lose efficacy and produce severe side effects. Due to this, the development
of selective MAO-A or MAO-B inhibitors is crucial for the treatment of these diseases and
their effects. The herein proposed multi-target QSAR model may be a relevant tool in the development
of new and more selective MAO inhibitors.
Neuro-AIDS: Current Status and Challenges to Antiretroviral Drug Therapy (ART) for Its Treatment
Authors: Kakad Smita P. , Kshirsagar Sanjay J. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:The infiltration of HIV into the brain alters the functions of the nervous system known as Neuro-AIDS. It leads to neuronal defects clinically manifested by motor and cognitive dysfunctions.Materials and Methods:Current antiretroviral therapy can prevent viral replication but cannot cure the disease completely. HAART-Highly active antiretroviral therapy is used for the treatment of HIV infection. Challenges in neuro-AIDS therapy are as shown in the graphical abstract. One of the challenges is latent viral reservoirs like the brain; which act as a sanctuary site for viruses. Nearly ~50% of HIV patients show neuropathological signs. Nervous system related disorders, including AIDS dementia, sensory neuropathy, and myelopathy have a 25% of prevalence in patients having access to a highly active combination of antiretroviral therapy.Results and Conclusion:Brain is one of the viral sanctuary sites for HIV. The current need of neuro-AIDS therapy is to target the brain as a viral reservoir. Drugs should cross or bypass the blood-brain barrier to reach the brain with effective concentrations. Current research on novel drug delivery approaches may prove helpful in treating neuro-AIDS and related disorders effectively.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 1,2,5-Oxadiazol-3- Carboximidamide Derivatives as Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Inhibitors
Authors: Xia Zhifeng , Nan Yanyang , Liu Chang , Lin Guangyu , Gu Kedan , Chen Cheng , Zhao Weili , Ju Dianwen , Dong Xiaochun 
Published: June 2020

Background and Objective:Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), which catalyzes the degradation of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) to N-formyl kynurenine (NFK) in the first and rate-limiting step of Kynurenine (KYN) pathway has been identified as a promising therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. The small molecule Epacadostat developed by Incyte Corp is the most advanced IDO1 inhibitor in clinical trials.Methods:In this study, various amidine derivatives were individually installed as the polar capping group onto the amino ethylene side chain to replace the sulfamoylamino moiety of Epacadostat to develop novel IDO1 inhibitors. A series of novel 1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-carboximidamide derivatives were designed, prepared, and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against human IDO1 enzyme and cellular IDO1.Results:In vitro human IDO1 enzyme and cellular IDO1 assay results demonstrate that the inhibitory activities of compound 13a and 13b were comparable to Epacadostat, with the enzymatic IC50 values of 49.37nM and 52.12nM and cellular IC50 values of 12.34nM and 14.34nM, respectively. The anti-tumor efficacy of 13b is slightly better than Epacadosta in Lewis Lung Cancer (LLC) tumor-bearing mice model.Conclusion:13b is a potent IDO1 inhibitor with therapeutic potential in tumor immunotherapy.
Treatment Modalities of Psoriasis: A Focus on Requisite for Topical Nanocarrier
Authors: Ramanunny Arya K. , Wadhwa Sheetu , Thakur Divya , Singh Sachin K. , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: June 2020

Background and Objective:
Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease involving cascading release
of cytokines activated by the innate and acquired immune system. The increasing prevalence rate of
psoriasis demands for more appropriate therapy. The existing chemical moiety is promising for better
therapeutic outcome, but the selection of a proper channel for administration has to be reviewed. Hence
there is a need to select the most appropriate dosage form and route of administration for improving the
curative rate of psoriasis.

Results:
A total of 108 systematic reviews of research and review articles were conducted to make the
manuscript comprehensible. The role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of the disease is discussed
for a better understanding of the selection of pharmacotherapy. The older and newer therapeutic
moiety with its mode of administration for psoriasis treatment has been discussed. With a comparative
review on topical and oral administration of first-line drugs such as methotrexate (MTX), cyclosporine
(CsA), and betamethasone, its benefits-liabilities in the selected routes were accounted for. Emphasis has
also been paid on advanced nanocarriers for dermatologic applications.

Conclusion:
For a better therapeutic outcome, proper selection of drug moiety with its appropriate administration
is the major requisite. With the advent of nanotechnology, the development of nanocarrier for
dermatologic application has been successfully demonstrated in positioning the systemically administrated
drug into topical targeted delivery. In a nutshell, to achieve successful treatment strategies towards psoriasis,
there is a need to focus on the development of stable, non-toxic nanocarrier for topical delivery. Inclusion
of the existing orally administered drug moiety into nanocarriers for topical delivery is proposed in
order to enhance therapeutics payload with reduced side effects which serves as a better treatment approach
for relief of the psoriasis condition.
New Insights to Reshape the Management of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer - Focus on Overcoming Challenges in HER2 Status Interpretation
Authors: Rygiel Katarzyna 
Published: June 2020

Approximately 20% of invasive Breast Cancers (BCs) are characterized by Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) protein overexpression or HER2 gene amplification. HER2 represents a standard diagnostic test and a predictive biomarker for the use of HER2-directed treatments in patients with BC. At present, the HER2 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay is applied for screening purposes, and the In Situ Hybridization (ISH) test serves as a confirmation, when HER2 IHC results are equivocal.
However, an accurate assessment and interpretation of the HER2 status can be complicated in many women with BC. These difficulties can be attributed to various factors such as HER2 Intratumoral Heterogeneity (ITH) and changes of HER2 in the process of BC metastatic progression or post neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (CHT). In particular, the status of biomarkers (e.g., HER2 and co-expressed Hormone Receptor (HR)) can be altered in patients with metastatic BC and such receptor changes influence the therapeutic responses and clinical outcomes.
The goal of this article is to present challenges in the assessment of HER2 expression and to underscore a need for the biomarker status reevaluation in patients with metastatic BC. This mini-review also provides some insights into the interpretation of equivocal HER2 status in women with metastatic BC and discusses the impact of HER2 and HR biomarker conversions on therapeutic decision-making and the patient prognosis in metastatic BC.

It is crucial to correctly interpret the HER2 biomarker status and to assess conversions of HER2 and HR in the BC metastatic lesions since timely detection of such alterations is critical to management modifications of individual patients with metastatic BC.
The Evolution of Men’s Fashion Trend on Malay Festival Costume “Baju Raya” in Malaysia (1930-2017)
Authors: Zakaria Muhammad Hisyam , Aris Asliza , Md. Nawawi Norwani , Zainuddin Nasa’ie 
Published: June 2020

The evolutionary process of Malay clothes reached the highest level during the Malacca Sultanate. Tun Hassan was the first person to change the shape of the original Baju Melayu. Nowadays, the modernization process is becoming very extensive. This research aimed to analyze the evolution of the trend men's Baju Melayu in Malaysia regarding social change and transformation of new trend Baju Melayu. The theory of social changes and Malay dress principles and ethics will use. This is a qualitative research approach. This research, hopefully, would fill in the gap of knowledge and provide a vital source to future references.
Keywords: Baju Melayu; costume; Malay festivals; men’s; social.
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2327
The Highlander
Authors: Longkumer Arkotong , Heneise Michael 
Published: June 2020

This is an introduction both of the first issue, and to The Highlander: Journal of Highland Asia itself, setting out the genealogy of ideas, debates and critiques, principally around the concept 'Zomia', that have fostered significant debate and provided the impetus for this project. It is also a call for contributions toward fostering discussion, from a wide range of disciplinary backgrounds, that elucidate the similarities and differences, generalities and particularities of the myriad histories, languages, cultures, politics, and religions of primarily ethnic minorities living in the upland terrains linking Nepal and the Tibetan plateau with Northeast India, the Pamirs, Western China, and the highland communities of Southeast Asia – a vast, congruous region sometimes referred to as ‘Zomia', or indeed 'Zomia+'
Personality Psychology in Margaret Atwood’s Short Story Under Glass
Authors: Vidya Dr. Y. 
Published: June 2020

Margaret Atwood is one of the most important and influential writers alive today. Margaret Atwood’s literature, both in the form of poetry and prose, is significant to an understanding of ‘female experiences’ more broadly speaking, though, Atwood attempts to explore questions of identity. She thus attempts to achieve the creation of a space and time in which readers can think critically about the world and their place in it. This self-reflexive form of analysis is significant in a modern and post-colonial world in which issues of gender have become increasingly critical, as it allows readers both a way of imagining and a way of criticizing ourselves and our own culture and that of others we perceive around us. Her stories are acute depictions of men and women, and are therefore interested in human curiosity but also in control and power. Atwood focus lies also in the effects and dynamics of unequal power relations.
An Analysis of Cultural Alienation and Trauma in Neel Mukherjee’s A Life Apart
Authors: Juliet Rani M. Maria , Sofia Dr. A. Alis 
Published: June 2020

The significant role of Trauma theory in literature lights the psyche of an individual precisely. The twenty first century paves the gateway to contemplate the struggles and the conflicts of inner self. Sigmund Freud is the pioneer to set forth the psycho-analytical theory in distinctive aspects in the late twentieth century. He is the root for all other contemporary writers to follow suit. Neel Mukherjee is one of the foremost novelists in English literature, who depicts the protagonist’s distress in an alienated land. Memories play a vital role in which the protagonist connects the past memories with that of the present. The protagonist finds the way to escape from his bitter life by becoming a homosexual. This paper aims to project the traumatic condition of the protagonist in Neel Mukherjee’s A Life Apart.
Past
Migration and Identity Crisis in Benyamin’s Goat Days
Authors: Kumar Surya Suresh 
Published: June 2020

Migration is the movement of people from one place/country to another in search of better job opportunities or educational purposes or occurs due to political and social conflicts. This brings about a change in their social, cultural and psychological circumstances, which often makes them feel alienated in their lives. They experience a sense of disillusionment and loss of identity, which gradually leads them into psychological trauma where they start to question their identity. Benyamin’s Goat Days portrays the life of Najeeb, a poor Malayali who in the hope of earning money decides to work in the Gulf. However, his journey of hope soon transforms to despair with the cruel treatment of his sponsor. He finds himself, alienated among the herd of goats and yearns to meet his family. His desolation pushes him into a psychological trauma where he starts to identify himself with the goats. This paper focuses on the concept of migration, alienation and identity crisis faced by Najeeb, the protagonist who represents the hopes and desires of every Malayali who yearn for a sumptuous future, which they believe will be offered in the Gulf. Moreover, the novel is set in the background of the Oil Era in the Gulf which gives every Malayali the dream of a secure future.