bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Amphetamine Treatments Cause Long-Term Decrease of Dopamine Uptake in Cultured Cells
Authors: Ferdous Nafisa , Kudumala Sirisha , Sossi Serena , Carvelli Lucia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAmphetamine (AMPH) is a systemic stimulant used to treat a variety of diseases including Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, narcolepsy and obesity. Previous data showed that by binding to catecholamine transporters, AMPH prevents the reuptake of the neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). Because AMPH, either used therapeutically at final concentrations of 1–10 µM or abused as recreational drug (50–200 µM), is taken over long periods of time, we investigated the prolonged effects of this drug on the uptake of DA. We found that, in LLC-PK1 cells stably expressing the human DA transporter (hDAT), pretreatments with 1 or 50 µM AMPH caused significant reduction in DA uptake right after the 15-h pretreatment. Remarkably, after 50 but not 1 µM AMPH pretreatment, we observed a significant reduction in DA uptake also after one, two or three cell divisions. To test whether these long-term effects induced by AMPH where conserved in a model comparable to primordial neuronal cells and native neurons, we used the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y cells, which were reported to endogenously express both hDAT and the NE transporter. Pretreatments with 50 µM AMPH caused a significant reduction of DA uptake both right after 15 h and 3 cell divisions followed by neuro-differentiation with retinoic acid (RA) for 5 days. Under these same conditions, AMPH did not change the intracellular concentrations of ATP, ROS and cell viability suggesting, therefore, that the reduction in DA uptake was not cause by AMPH-induced toxicity. Interestingly, while 1 µM AMPH did not cause long-term effects in the LLC-PK1 cells, in the SH-SY5Y cells, it decreased the DA uptake after one, two, but not three, cell divisions and 5-day RA differentiation. These data show that besides the well-known acute effects, AMPH can also produce long-term effects in vitro that are maintained during cell division and transmitted to the daughter cells.
Characteristics that affect preference of decision models for asset selection: an industrial questionnaire survey
Authors: Alégroth Emil , Gorschek Tony , Petersen Kai , Mattsson Michael 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Modern software development relies on a combination of development and re-use of technical asset, e.g., software components, libraries, and APIs. In the past, re-use was mostly conducted with internal assets but today external; open source, customer off-the-shelf (COTS), and assets developed through outsourcing are also common. This access to more asset alternatives presents new challenges regarding what assets to optimally chose and how to make this decision. To support decision-makers, decision theory has been used to develop decision models for asset selection. However, very little industrial data has been presented in literature about the usefulness, or even perceived usefulness, of these models. Additionally, only limited information has been presented about what model characteristics determine practitioner preference toward one model over another. The objective of this work is to evaluate what characteristics of decision models for asset selection determine industrial practitioner preference of a model when given the choice of a decision model of high precision or a model with high speed. An industrial questionnaire survey is performed where a total of 33 practitioners, of varying roles, from 18 companies are tasked to compare two decision models for asset selection. Textual analysis and formal and descriptive statistics are then applied on the survey responses to answer the study’s research questions. The study shows that the practitioners had clear preference toward the decision model that emphasized speed over the one that emphasized decision precision. This conclusion was determined to be because one of the models was perceived faster, had lower complexity, was more flexible in use for different decisions, and was more agile on how it could be used in operation, its emphasis on people, its emphasis on “good enough” precision and ability to fail fast if a decision was a failure. Hence, we found seven characteristics that the practitioners considered important for their acceptance of the model. Industrial practitioner preference, which relates to acceptance, of decision models for asset selection is dependent on multiple characteristics that must be considered when developing a model for different types of decisions such as operational day-to-day decisions as well as more critical tactical or strategic decisions. The main contribution of this work are the seven identified characteristics that can serve as industrial requirements for future research on decision models for asset selection.
Die Entwicklung fachlicher Basiskonzepte im Chemieunterricht – Findet ein kumulativer Aufbau im Kompetenzbereich Fachwissen statt?
Authors: Bernholt Sascha , Höft Lars , Parchmann Ilka 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Vermittlung von Wissen über chemische Phänomene und eines Verständnisses grundlegender Begriffe, Gesetzmäßigkeiten und Prinzipien der Chemie zählen zu den zentralen Zielen des Chemieunterrichts. Zu diesem Zweck sind bildungsadministrative Vorgaben zunehmend durch zentrale fachliche Konzepte bzw. Denk- und Arbeitsweisen strukturiert, die entsprechend den Fokus der unterrichtlichen Aktivitäten bilden sollen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde den Fragen nachgegangen, inwieweit ein Kompetenzzuwachs bezüglich der Basiskonzepte des Fachs Chemie (Chemische Reaktion, Energie sowie Materie als Zusammenführung der beiden Basiskonzepte Stoff-Teilchen und Struktur-Eigenschaftsbeziehungen) über die Schuljahre 9 bis 12 festgestellt werden kann und inwieweit mit diesem Zuwachs auch ansteigende Zusammenhänge zwischen den Konzepten über Schuljahre hinweg einhergehen. Die erhaltenen Befunde werden dabei als Indiz gedeutet, inwieweit kohärente und kumulative Lerngelegenheiten vorliegen, die letztlich zu einem systematischen Kompetenzaufbau bzgl. der einzelnen Konzepte führen sollten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl hinsichtlich des Kompetenzzuwachses als auch hinsichtlich der Zusammenhänge zwischen den drei erhobenen Konzeptbereichen eher geringe Effekte vorliegen. Zudem lässt sich nur bedingt eine systematische Kompetenzentwicklung aller drei Konzeptbereiche festhalten, sondern das Befundmuster deutet vielmehr an, dass es zu einer Verschiebung des Fokus vom Konzept Materie zum Konzept Chemische Reaktion über den Verlauf der Jahrgänge 9 bis 12 kommt, während der Konzeptbereich Energie kaum im Fokus des Unterrichts zu stehen scheint.
Air conditioning systems for aeronautical applications: a review
Authors: Merzvinskas M. , Bringhenti C. , Tomita J.T. , de Andrade C.R. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a review of the various aeronautical air conditioning systems that are currently available and discusses possible system configurations in the context of the aeronautical environmental control systems. Descriptions of the standard vapor compression cycle and air cycles are provided. The latter includes, simple-cycle, bootstrap-cycle, simple-bootstrap cycle (3-wheel) and condensing cycle (4-wheel). Water separation and air recirculation systems are also explored. A comparison between vapor compression cycles and air cycles is provided, as well as a comparison between different air cycles. Air cycle units are far less efficient than vapor compression cycle units, but they are lighter and more reliable for an equivalent cooling capacity. Details regarding the aircraft conceptual design phase along with general criteria for the selection of an air conditioning system are provided. Additionally, industry trends and technological advances are examined. Conclusions are compiled to guide the systems engineer in the search for the most appropriate design for a particular application.
Corporate Philanthropy After Fraud Punishment: An Institutional Perspective
Authors: Zhang Lin , Xu Yuehua , Chen Honghui , Jing Runtian 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThis study examines corporate philanthropy in the context of corporate wrongdoing punishment in emerging markets. Building on institutional theory, we propose that in emerging markets, after being punished for fraudulent behavior by the government, which is collectively the largest institution, convicted firms tend to use corporate philanthropy as an institutional strategy to regain legitimacy. Using data of Chinese-listed firms that were punished for financial fraud in the ten years from 2004 to 2013, our findings show the subsequent growth of corporate philanthropy to be positively related to punishment severity. Furthermore, convicted firms’ media visibility, dominant state ownership, and national political appointment strengthen the effect of punishment severity on corporate philanthropy increase. Our institutional perspective offers new insights into why firms engage in corporate philanthropy after fraud punishment.
Pre- and Post-Accident 14C Activities in tree rings near the Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Matsunaka Tetsuya , Sasa Kimikazu , Takahashi Tsutomu , Matsumura Masumi , Satou Yukihiko , Shen Hongtao , Sueki Keisuke , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTAreas affected by routine radiocarbon (14C) discharges from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) and accidental releases in March 2011 were investigated by analysis of cores from Japanese cypress and cedar trees growing at sites 9 and 24 km northwest of the plant. 14C concentrations in tree rings from 2008–2014 (before and after the accident) were determined by accelerator mass spectrometry, with 14C activities in the range 231–256 Bq kg−1 C. Activities during the period 2012–2014, after FDNPP shutdown, represent background levels, while the significantly higher levels recorded during 2008–2010, before the accident, indicate uptake of 14C from routine FDNPP operations. The mean excess 14C activity for the pre-accident period at the sites 9 and 24 km northwest of the plant were 21 and 12 Bq kg−1 C, respectively, indicating that the area of influence during routine FDNPP operations extended at least 24 km northwest. The mean excess tree-ring 14C activities in 2011 were 10 and 5.8 Bq kg−1 C at 9 and 24 km northwest, respectively, documenting possible impact of the FDNPP accident on 14C levels in trees.
The Hindu Cosmopolitanism of Sister Nivedita (Margaret Elizabeth Noble): An Irish Self in Imperial Currents
Authors: Barua Ankur 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSister Nivedita (Margaret Elizabeth Noble), a prominent disciple of the Hindu guru Swami Vivekananda, creatively reconfigured some traditional Vedantic vocabularies to present the “cosmo-national” individual as one who is not antithetical to but is deeply immersed in the densities of national locations. As we situate Nivedita’s “vernacular cosmopolitanism” in post-Saidian academic cultures, one of the most striking features of her reiteration of the theme that Indians should seek the universal in and through the particularities of their national histories, cultural norms, and religious systems is that it is grounded in an East-West binary, where specific values, sensibilities, and themes are attributed to each pole—primarily material to the Western and spiritual to the Eastern. The locations of her life and thought within this binary generate a complex combination of certain highly perceptive readings of Eastern styles of living; spiritual idealizations and ahistorical romanticizations of some traditional Hindu beliefs, traditions, and customs; global visions of internationalist exchanges across humanity; and pointed critiques of the operations of empire—while, occasionally, she can herself challenge the binary as an inexact classification.
Beauty, Wisdom, and Handiwork in Proverbs 31:10–31
Authors: Vayntrub Jacqueline 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe book of Proverbs concludes with an alphabetic acrostic that describes and praises its feminine subject (Prov 31:10–31). The poem’s praise closes with a generalized critique of beauty, its deceptiveness and short-lived nature (v. 30). What function does this critique of beauty serve in light of the praise of the woman and her deeds? How do the poem and, specifically, this critique of beauty function in the broader organization of the book of Proverbs? This study argues that the poem rejects innate beauty in favor of acquired wisdom, a message that can be found elsewhere in Proverbs. The poem rejects beauty through an appeal to a rhetorical device—the “totalizing description”—which is used elsewhere to argue for a subject’s beauty or perfection. Through the structure of the alphabetic acrostic, the poem carefully embeds its message of willed action and acquired wisdom; using a description of the woman’s successive deeds, the poem shows how each deed leads to the enduring success of the woman’s family, her community, and the subsequent generation.
Triclinium Trialectics: The Triclinium as Contested Space in Early Roman Palestine
Authors: Keddie G. Anthony 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study draws on critical spatial theory to analyze the earliest archaeological and literary evidence of the triclinium, or Roman dining room, in Early Roman Palestine. It begins by examining the archaeological evidence of triclinia and similar banqueting spaces in Palestine, addressing their dating, their differing settings, and how their appearance and diffusion reflects socioeconomic and cultural changes under Roman influence. Next, it examines literary constructions of banqueting spaces in the Parables of Enoch, Testament of Moses, and “Q Sayings Gospel.” It demonstrates that these sources all seem to envision a triclinium setting in which elites eat, drink, and engage in all sorts of revelry while reclining on couches. The final section is devoted to critical spatial analysis of both the archaeological and literary data. It argues that these sources all evince, in varying ways, the interpenetration of local and global spaces rather than the unilateral “Romanization” of provincial space.
The Religion of Confrontation: Concepts, Violence, and Scholarship
Authors: Levene Nancy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractJonathan Z. Smith's essay “Religion, Religions, Religious” discovers the invention of religion as a generic term in colonial adventure. The move is notable: religion is born in violence, but it can be repurposed as a term without determinate content by which to compare cases. Smith's origin story is to empower scholars to pick up “religion” as they do the terms “language” and “culture.” There are reasons, however, not only to revisit the story but also to ask whether it is not missing a move—whether the reclamation of a violent term requires more from the scholar than Smith's structuralist reversal, his reinvention of colonialist invention. I compare Smith's resourcefulness with the conquistadors to Edward Said's critique of Orientalism. Both thinkers are asking questions of violence, invention, and use. Said more squarely addresses problems of thinking with and beyond guilty concepts. Yet Smith's story is an important counterpoint. Together, these thinkers help the humanities lay ground for a more expansive and self-conscious theoretical future.
Newsround
Authors: Parikh Tulsi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract‘Newsround’ offers a platform for new discoveries that do not appear within the specialist contributions of this year’s Archaeological Reports, but which nevertheless warrant emphasis, either as a result of their particular characteristics or for the contribution they make to broader archaeological narratives. This section is not intended to be exhaustive but rather an overview of archaeological research in Greece. It comprises largely preliminary reports (results of excavations that took place up to and including August 2019 where possible) that complement the digital content made available through Archaeology in Greece Online (https://chronique.efa.gr). Due to the diachronic nature of a number of the sites and for ease of reference, the material is organized within each section geographically in the first instance and then chronologically (earliest to latest), as far as possible.
Voice assistance in 2019
Authors: Dale Robert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe end of the calendar year always seems like a good time to pause for breath and reflect on what’s been happening over the last 12 months, and that’s as true in the world of commercial NLP as it is in any other domain. In particular, 2019 has been a busy year for voice assistance, thanks to the focus placed on this area by all the major technology players. So, we take this opportunity to review a number of key themes that have defined recent developments in the commercialization of voice technology.
Tropospheric Water Vapor Long‐term Periodicities and ENSO Relation in European Territory of Russia
Authors: Khutorova O. G. , Khutorov V. E. , Teptin G. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe variability of time series of the surface partial pressure of water vapor for the European territory of Russia over a long period has been studied. It has been established that the contribution of fluctuations with time scales from 2 to 6 years is from 35% to 60% of the interannual variance. It can be concluded that the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation makes a significant contribution to the interannual variability of moisture content in the European territory of Russia. Several modes of coherent variations in the range of 2–6 years have been established. However, the coherence of variations of ENSO and the surface partial pressure of water vapor are irregular. It is shown that during periods of coherence, the energy of oscillations of ENSO is transferred from the equator to the middle and polar latitudes in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere. Planetary waves play a significant role in the mechanism of ENSO energy transfer. Their energy begins to in the winter year of El Niño, and the maximum is reached after a year.
A Simulation Study on the Relationship Between Field‐Aligned and Field‐Perpendicular Plasma Velocities in the Ionospheric F Region
Authors: Chen Junjie , Lei Jiuhou , Zhang Shunrong , Wang Wenbing , Dang Tong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study addresses a long‐standing scientific puzzle regarding ionospheric F2 region dynamics. Incoherent scatter radar observations of F2 region plasma drifts showed a strong anticorrelation between temporal variations of field‐aligned upward plasma velocity (Vi‖) and field‐perpendicular poleward plasma drift (Vi ⊥ N) over time scales from a few hours to a day at middle latitudes. The underlying physical processes remain a highly controversial issue, despite a number of speculations and qualitative inspections. Previous studies lacked especially quantitative analysis that could lead to decisive conclusions. In this study, we provide a comprehensive modeling study to explore the physical processes relating Vi‖ with Vi ⊥ N variations using a self‐consistent Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model. It is found that the anticorrelation between Vi‖ and Vi ⊥ N has strong altitudinal and latitudinal dependences. The anticorrelation between the diurnal variations of Vi‖ and Vi ⊥ N is associated with the neutral wind dynamo. Poleward meridional winds result in downward Vi‖ and poleward Vi ⊥ N, and vice versa. The anticorrelation between short‐term temporal disturbances of Vi‖ and Vi ⊥ N is mainly caused by ion drag, in response to high‐latitude convection electric field forcing. This forcing penetrates to lower latitudes and affects poleward plasma drifts Vi ⊥ N, which drags poleward meridional winds and modulates downward Vi‖. As the enhanced convection electric fields subside, the anticorrelation is mainly associated with disturbance meridional wind dynamo. The storm time high‐latitude energy and momentum inputs change global meridional winds which modify zonal electric fields to induce Vi ⊥ N changes. Furthermore, ambipolar diffusion plays a significant role in modulating the relationship between Vi‖ and Vi ⊥ N.
CloudSat‐Inferred Vertical Structure of Snowfall Over the Antarctic Continent
Authors: Lemonnier F. , Madeleine J.‐B. , Claud C. , Palerme C. , Genthon C. , L'Ecuyer T. , Wood N. B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCurrent global warming is causing significant changes in snowfall in polar regions, directly impacting the mass balance of the ice caps. The only water supply in Antarctica, precipitation, is poorly estimated from surface measurements. The onboard cloud‐profiling radar of the CloudSat satellite provided the first real opportunity to estimate solid precipitation at continental scale. Based on CloudSat observations, we propose to explore the vertical structure of precipitation in Antarctica over the 2007–2010 period. A first division of this data set following a topographical approach (continent vs. peripheral regions, with a 2,250 m topographical criterion) shows a high snowfall rate (275 mm
yr
at 1,200 m above ground level) with low relative seasonal variation (
) over the peripheral areas. Over the plateau, the snowfall rate is low (34 mm
yr
at 1,200 m above ground level) with a much larger relative seasonal variation (
). A second study that follows a geographical division highlights the average vertical structure of precipitation and temperature depending on the regions and their interactions with topography. In particular, over ice shelves, we see a strong dependence of the distribution of snowfall on the sea ice coverage. Finally, the relationship between precipitation and temperature is analyzed and compared with a simple analytical relationship. This study highlights that precipitation is largely dependent on the advection of air masses along the topographic slopes with an average vertical wind of 0.02 m
s
. This provides new diagnostics to evaluate climate models with a three‐dimensional approach of the atmospheric structure of precipitation.
Developing the LDi and LCi Geomagnetic Indices, an Example of Application of the AULs Framework
Authors: Cid C. , Guerrero A. , Saiz E. , Halford A. J. , Kellerman A. C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Application Usability Level (AUL) framework has been recently introduced as an efficient and effective way to track progress toward the needs of a user for a specific application. This paper is an example of how the AUL framework facilitates communication between the industry users of space weather research and researchers for developing a product. The products are two new geomagnetic indices fully approved for on‐demand use: the LDi index, for nowcasting local geomagnetic disturbances, and the LCi index, as a proxy for the geomagnetically induced currents risk.