bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucormycosis in the Middle East and North Africa: Analysis of the FungiScope® registry and cases from the literature
Authors: Stemler Jannik , Hamed Kamal , Salmanton‐García Jon , Rezaei‐Matehkolaei Ali , Gräfe Stefanie K. , Sal Ertan , Zarrouk Marouan , Seidel Danila , Abdelaziz Khedr Reham , Ben‐Ami Ronen , Ben‐Chetrit Eli , Roth Yehudah , Cornely Oliver A. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundRegional differences in the underlying causes, manifestations and treatment of mucormycosis have been noted in studies covering Europe, Asia and South America.ObjectivesTo review cases of mucormycosis across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in order to identify epidemiological, treatment and outcome trends in this region.Patients/MethodsCases of proven or probable invasive mucormycosis from the region were identified from the FungiScope® database and the medical literature. For each case, information on underlying condition, site of infection, pathogenic species, therapeutic intervention, type of antifungal therapy and outcome were analysed.ResultsWe identified 310 cases of mucormycosis in the MENA region. The number of reported cases increased by decade from 23 before 1990 to 127 in the 2010s. In this region, the most common underlying conditions associated with mucormycosis were diabetes mellitus (49.7%) and conditions associated with immunosuppression (46.5%). The majority of patients received treatment with antifungals (93.5%), with a large proportion treated with both antifungals and surgery (70.6%). Overall mortality rates decreased from 47.8% before 1990 to 32.3% in the 2010s.ConclusionsThe number of reported cases of mucormycosis in the MENA region has risen over the past few decades, in line with increases in the number of patients with underlying conditions associated with this infection. Although the majority of patients received treatment with antifungal therapies and/or surgery, the associated mortality rate remains high and there is a clear need for more effective prevention and treatment strategies in the MENA region.
The role of bread in the UK diet: An update
Authors: Lockyer S. , Spiro A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBread has been a widely consumed traditional staple food in the UK for centuries, although there has been a decrease in consumption over the past 50 years. This may reflect the increased availability and popularity of other starchy foods such as pasta and rice and potentially negative misconceptions around bread and health (e.g. weight gain and gastrointestinal symptoms). On average, in the UK, bread provides 11–12% of energy, 16–20% of carbohydrate, 10–12% of protein and 17–21% of fibre intakes across all age groups and is a key contributor to micronutrient intakes (9–14% of folate, 15–17% of iron, 12–17% of calcium, 12–13% of magnesium and 10–11% of zinc). White bread is the largest contributor to salt intakes in the UK, though average salt content has been declining, largely as a result of the government reformulation programme with the food industry, including the setting of salt reduction targets. The mandatory fortification of flour with folic acid, a strategy used successfully in >60 other countries as a means of reducing neural tube defects (NTDs), is currently being considered and may be an important public health initiative. The variety of fibre types in bread such as arabinoxylan, oligosaccharides and resistant starch, as well as other bioactives including polyphenols, are an area of emerging interest in relation to nutrition and health. This paper gives an overview of the current contribution of bread to nutrient intakes and considers trends which may change the role of bread in our diet going forward.
Fibrocartilaginous embolism during swimming: A case report
Authors: Tsunogae Marie , Ueda Masayuki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA 70‐year‐old woman presented sudden back pain and right leg monoplegia just after her coach pushed her back during swimming. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a thoracic spinal infarction, and computed tomography showed Schmorl's nodules and air densities in the intervertebral disks near the spinal lesion, indicating disk degeneration. A diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous embolism, caused by minor compression of intervertebral disks, was made. Physicians should consider fibrocartilaginous embolism as a cause of spinal infarction in patients without any risk of embolization, atherosclerosis, or surgical history.
Extranuptial nectaries in flowers: ants increase the reproductive success of the ant‐plant Miconia tococa (Melastomataceae)
Authors: Belan H. C. , Barônio G. J. , Kuster V. C. , Oliveira D. C. , Vasconcelos H. L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Although the production of extranuptial nectar is a common strategy of indirect defence against herbivores among tropical plants, the presence of extranuptial nectaries in reproductive structures is rare, especially in ant‐plants. This is because the presence of ants in reproductive organs can generate conflicts between the partners, as ants can inhibit the activity of pollinators or even castrate their host plants. Here we evaluate the hypothesis that the ant‐plant Miconia tococa produces nectar in its petals which attracts ants and affects fruit set.

Floral buds were analysed using anatomical and histochemical techniques. The frequency and behaviour of floral visitors were recorded in field observations. Finally, an ant exclusion experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ant presence on fruit production.

The petals of M. tococa have a secretory epidermis that produces sugary compounds. Nectar production occurred during the floral bud stage and attracted 17 species of non‐obligate ants (i.e. have a facultative association with ant‐plants). Ants foraged only on floral buds, and thus did not affect the activity of pollinators in the neighbouring open flowers. The presence of ants in the inflorescences increased fruit production by 15%.

To our knowledge, the production of extranuptial nectar in the reproductive structures of a myrmecophyte is very rare, with few records in the literature. Although studies show conflicts between the partners in the ant–plant interaction, ants that forage on M. tococa floral buds protect the plant against floral herbivores without affecting bee pollination.
A Machine Learning Approach to Identifying Changes in Suicidal Language
Authors: Pestian John , Santel Daniel , Sorter Michael , Bayram Ulya , Connolly Brian , Glauser Tracy , DelBello Melissa , Tamang Suzanne , Cohen Kevin 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveWith early identification and intervention, many suicidal deaths are preventable. Tools that include machine learning methods have been able to identify suicidal language. This paper examines the persistence of this suicidal language up to 30 days after discharge from care.MethodIn a multi‐center study, 253 subjects were enrolled into either suicidal or control cohorts. Their responses to standardized instruments and interviews were analyzed using machine learning algorithms. Subjects were re‐interviewed approximately 30 days later, and their language was compared to the original language to determine the presence of suicidal ideation.ResultsThe results show that language characteristics used to classify suicidality at the initial encounter are still present in the speech 30 days later (AUC = 89% (95% CI: 85–95%), p < .0001) and that algorithms trained on the second interviews could also identify the subjects that produced the first interviews (AUC = 85% (95% CI: 81–90%), p < .0001).ConclusionsThis approach explores the stability of suicidal language. When using advanced computational methods, the results show that a patient’s language is similar 30 days after first captured, while responses to standard measures change. This can be useful when developing methods that identify the data‐based phenotype of a subject.
Review of Carceral State Studies and Application
Authors: Martensen Kayla Marie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis review considers a range of literature that contributes to a critical conversation encompassing radical opposition to the Carceral State and its logics, practices, and technologies. The carceral concept has been adopted and applied to multiple areas of the social world. With few exceptions, the term “Carceral State” has been used by many scholars without a comprehensive or agreed definition of the concept. This review is an attempt to piece together various pieces of literature that offer theoretical explorations of mass incarceration, as well as, how punishment and the logics of prison have informed economic, political, and social landscapes, compromising what has been identified by many scholars as a Carceral State.
Investigations on biosorption and biogenic calcite precipitation in sands
Authors: Shashank Bettadapura S. , Kuntikana Ganaraj , Jiang Ning‐Jun , Singh Devendra N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSoils are a host to several micro‐organisms which are responsible for various biogeochemical processes prevailing in the geoenvironment. Such processes have been utilized to alter engineering properties of the coarse‐grained soils viz., sands, such as strength, liquefaction potential and permeability. One of such processes, which has been explored by several researchers, is Biogenic Calcite Precipitation (BCP) in the coarse‐grained soils. Though the impact of biogenic calcite (BC) on engineering behaviour of sands has been dealt with in great detail, the mechanism of calcite ‘growth’ on their surface, which primarily depends on biosorption (i.e. attachment of bacterial cells), has not been investigated and/or discussed in detail. It should be noted that biosorption would strongly depend upon the overall surface characteristics of the sand grains, apart from their chemico‐mineralogical characteristics. Unlike fine‐grained soils, where the bacteria‐soil interaction is being investigated extensively by researchers, the above‐referred studies on sands have been pretermitted, largely. With this in view, an attempt has been made to investigate the mechanisms associated with the interaction of bacterial cells with sand grains and BC substrates, which is a precursor for the biogeochemical processes such as BCP, bioremediation and biological degradation of soils. Highlighting the role of key factors in bacterial cell‐sand interactions, a conceptual model has been proposed for the growth of biogenic calcite around a sand grain. Such a fundamental study, conducted by employing Atomic Force Microscopy and Extended Derjaguin‐Landau‐Verwey‐Overbeek (ExDLVO) theory, provides an insight into the biosorption on sands and BC.
Phylogeny and classification of the leafhopper subfamily Eurymelinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) inferred from molecules and morphology
Authors: Xue Qingquan , Dietrich Christopher H. , Zhang Yalin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhylogenetic analysis of the globally distributed arboreal leafhopper subfamily Eurymelinae was conducted based on DNA sequence data from three nuclear and two mitochondrial genes in addition to 86 discrete morphological characters. The analysis included 89 species representing 61 genera from all major biogeographic regions including six species from outgroups, Megophthalminae and Ulopinae. Trees resulting from partitioned Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of the combined data were well resolved and largely congruent, differing mainly in the relationships among the earliest diverging lineages. The results are consistent with an expanded concept of Eurymelinae, including tribes Austroagalloidini and Macropsini. Six monophyletic groups are recognized as new tribes, Balocerini, Chiasmodolini, Chileanoscopini, Idioceroidini, Kopamerrini and Nesocerini, tribe n., and the previously recognized tribes Eurymelini, Idiocerini and Megipocerini are redefined. A new synonym, Busonini Zhang & Li, 2015 syn.n. is proposed here for Megipocerini Isaev, 1988. Molecular divergence time estimates were calibrated using two fossil taxa and suggested that the earliest divergences occurred in the Lower Cretaceous and that most major lineages of this group arose during the Cretaceous. Reconstruction of ancestral areas revealed considerable continental‐scale biogeographical structure. The place of origin of Eurymelinae is equivocal but major lineages arose in the Neotropical, Australian and Afrotropical regions. A key to tribes and a checklist of genera showing current tribal placements are provided.
Health literacy and exercise interventions on clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with diabetes: a propensity score-matched comparison
Authors: Wei Yan , Chen Yingyao , Zhao Yingnan , Rothman Russell , Ming Jian , Wang Lei , Liu Xiaona , Shi Lizheng , Xu Wanghong 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionPatients with diabetes in China have low health literacy, which likely leads to poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of health literacy and exercise interventions on clinical measurements in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Research design and methodsA cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted from February 2015 through April 2017 in Shanghai, China. 799 patients with T2DM aged 18 years or older recruited from eight Community Healthcare Centers were randomized into one control arm and three intervention arms receiving 1-year health literacy intervention, exercise intervention or both as the comprehensive intervention. Propensity score matching was employed to minimize potential imbalance in randomization. The intervention-attributable effects on main clinical outcomes were estimated using a difference-in-difference regression approach.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, 634 patients were included in the analysis. The three intervention groups had decreased hemoglobin A1c (A1c) level after 12 months of intervention. The largest adjusted decrease was observed in the health literacy group (−0.95%, 95% CI: −1.30 to −0.59), followed by the exercise group (−0.81%, 95% CI: −1.17 to −0.45). However, A1c was observed to increase in the health literacy and the comprehensive groups from 12 to 24 months. No obvious changes were observed for other measurements including high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures.ConclusionsHealth literacy and exercise-focused interventions improve glycemic control in Chinese patients with diabetes after 12 months of intervention, and the health literacy intervention shows the greatest effect. Our results suggest that the interventions may have the potential to improve diabetes self-management and reduce diabetes burden in China.Trial registration numberISRCTN76130594.
Remote rapid cycle deliberate practice simulation training during the COVID-19
pandemic
Authors: Balmaks Reinis , Auzina Luize , Gross Isabel Theresia 
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is posing new challenges for medical education and
simulation practice given local social distancing requirements.
This report describes the use of an online platform for rapid cycle
deliberate practice simulation training that can be used and tailored to local
COVID-19 pandemic restrictions as it allows for participants, facilitators and
simulation equipment to be apart.
Delayed functional independence after thrombectomy: temporal characteristics and predictors
Authors: Desai Shashvat M , Tonetti Daniel A , Morrison Andrew A , Molyneaux Bradley J , Starr Matthew , Rocha Marcelo , Gross Bradley A. , Jankowitz Brian , Jovin Tudor G , Jadhav Ashutosh P 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundVariability in early neurological improvement after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke is well documented. Understanding the temporal progression of functional independence after EVT, especially delayed functional independence in patients who do not experience early improvement, is essential for prognostication and rehabilitation.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of early and delayed functional independence and identify associated predictors after EVT.MethodsA retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on patients undergoing EVT in the setting of anterior circulation LVO was performed. Demographic, clinical, radiological, treatment, and procedural information were analyzed. Incidence and predictors of early functional independence (EFI, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2 at discharge) and delayed functional independence (DFI, mRS score 0–2 at 90 days in non-EFI patients) were analyzed.ResultsThree hundred and fifty-five patients met the study criteria. 55% were women and mean age was 71±15. Mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 17±6 and median Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score was 9 (8-10). EFI was observed in 21% (73) of patients. Among non-EFI patients (282), DFI was observed in 30% (85) of patients. Shorter time to treatment (p=0.03), lower 24 hours NIHSS score (p<0.001), and smaller follow-up infarct volume (p=0.003) were independent predictors of EFI. Younger age (p=0.011), lower 24 hours NIHSS score (p=0.001), and absence of parenchymal hemorrhage (PH2; p=0.039) were independent predictors of DFI.ConclusionApproximately one-fifth of patients experience EFI and one-third of non-early improvers experience DFI. Younger age, lower 24 hours NIHSS score, and absence of parenchymal hemorrhage were independent predictors of DFI among non-early improvers. Further studies are required to improve our understanding of DFI.
Accuracy of optical coherence tomography imaging in assessing aneurysmal remnants after flow diversion
Authors: Fries Frederik , Maßmann Alexander , Tomori Toshiki , Yilmaz Umut , Kettner Michael , Simgen Andreas , Cattaneo Giorgio , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Reith Wolfgang , Mühl-Benninghaus Ruben 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is an ultra-high resolution real-time intravascular imaging method that is gaining interest in cerebrovascular applications.ObjectiveTo compare, in a rabbit elastase aneurysm model, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and OCT as diagnostic tools for the assessment of aneurysmal remnants and baseline characteristics of aneurysms after flow diverter (FD) implantation.MethodsWith Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, saccular aneurysms were created in 28 rabbits and treated with Derivo FDs. DSA was performed before, and immediately after, stent implantation. As a follow-up, DSA and OCT were performed 28 days after device implantation.ResultsDSA and OCT were successfully performed in 23 cases. OCT could not be achieved in 5 cases owing to navigational difficulties in the stent lumen with the OCT catheter. Residual aneurysms were significantly more often visible with OCT (18/23 (78%) than with DSA 12/23 (52%), p = 0.031).ConclusionOCT was more sensitive than conventional angiography for the assessment of residual aneurysms at 28 days after FD implantation in an animal model.
Tardive syndromes
Authors: Mulroy Eoin , Balint Bettina , Bhatia Kailash P 
Published: June 2020

Dopamine receptor﻿-blocking antipsychotics, first introduced into clinical practice in 1952, were hailed as a panacea in the treatment of a number of psychiatric disorders. However, within 5 years, this notion was to be shattered by the recognition of both acute and chronic drug-induced movement disorders which can accompany their administration. Tardive syndromes, denoting the delayed onset of movement disorders following administration of dopamine receptor-blocking (and also other) drugs, have diverse manifestations ranging from the classic oro-bucco-lingual dyskinesia, through dystonic craniocervical and trunk posturing, to abnormal breathing patterns. Although tardive syndromes have been an important part of movement disorder clinical practice for over 60 years, their pathophysiologic basis remains poorly understood and the optimal treatment approach remains unclear. This review summarises the current knowledge relating to these syndromes and provides clinicians with pragmatic, clinically focused guidance to their management.
Spinning gyroscope in an acoustic black hole: precession effects and observational aspects
Authors: Chakraborty Chandrachur , Majumdar Parthasarathi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe exact precession frequency of a freely-precessing test gyroscope is derived for a $$2+1$$2+1 dimensional rotating acoustic black hole analogue spacetime, without making the somewhat unrealistic assumption that the gyroscope is static. We show that, as a consequence, the gyroscope crosses the acoustic ergosphere of the black hole with a finite precession frequency, provided its angular velocity lies within a particular range determined by the stipulation that the Killing vector is timelike over the ergoregion. Specializing to the ‘Draining Sink’ acoustic black hole, the precession frequency is shown to diverge near the acoustic horizon, instead of the vicinity of the ergosphere. In the limit of an infinitesimally small rotation of the acoustic black hole, the gyroscope still precesses with a finite frequency, thus confirming a behaviour analogous to geodetic precession in a physical non-rotating spacetime like a Schwarzschild black hole. Possible experimental approaches to detect acoustic spin precession and measure the consequent precession frequency, are discussed.
Asymmetric hybrid multilevel inverter with reduced harmonic using hybrid modulation technique
Authors: Kumar Satish , Kumar M. Sasi 
Published: June 2020

<span>This paper studies the Asymmetric cascaded three phase multilevel inverter developed with hybrid modulation technique applied for an industrial application. The aim of this paper to reduce the Total harmonics distortion in the cascaded multi level inverter by introducing the new concept to develop the three phase CMLI. This inverter has two segments, one segment has H-bridge inverter and another segment has sequential arrangement of power semi conductor switches with asymmetrical voltage source in the ratio of 1:2. Similarly develop the segments for other phases. This new topology is called as Hybrid MLI. This hybrid MLI is used to reduce the no of semiconductor device requirement and the Total harmonics distortion. The inverter is controlled by Phase disposition (PD) and alternative phase opposition disposition PWM technique (APOD). This control technique is used to minimize the current harmonic and increase the system performance. The circuit is simulated using Matlab circuit and its performance is compared using PD and APOD PWM techniques and verified with simulation results.</span><p> </p>
A new gate drive for a single-phase matrix converter
Authors: Baharom Rahimi , Rahman Nor Farahaida Abdul , Hidayat Muhamad Nabil , Muhammad Khairul Safuan , Seroji Mohammad Nawawi , Yahaya Nor Zaihar 
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the new generation of advanced gate driver circuit based on IR2110 device for a Single-Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC) circuit topology that uses MOSFETs or IGBTs switches. The new generation of gate drive circuit uses less number of components, since a single IR2110 device can drive two power switches, thus reduce power losses and minimize the complexity of conventional circuit. An additional isolation of the upper and lower sides of IR2110 device features additional protection to the proposed gate drive system. As a result, the proposed gate drive circuit just uses four IR2110 gate drives in order to control eight switches of SPMC circuit, thus, solve the conventional bulky gate drive circuit problem in SPMCs operation. This is in line with the international power electronic technology road-maps to reduce losses, cost, volume, therefore to raise up the power density of power electronics converters. Validation have been done through the experimental test-rig. As a result, such new theoretical enhancements can be used as a novel foundation of future high power density of SPMC circuit topology and in-line with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) which were characterized mainly by advances in technology