bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards defining the outer membrane proteome of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Veith Paul D. , Gorasia Dhana G. , Reynolds Eric C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPorphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram‐negative anaerobic pathogen found in subgingival plaque associated with progressive periodontitis. Proteins associated with the outer membrane (OM) of Gram‐negative pathogens are particularly important for understanding virulence and for developing vaccines. The aim of this study was to establish a reliable list of outer membrane associated proteins (Omps) for this organism. Starting with a list of 99 experimentally determined Omps, several bioinformatics tools were used to predict a further 52 proteins, leading to a predicted OM proteome of 151 proteins. The tools used included databases of protein families, prediction of OM β‐barrels and structural homology. The list includes 33 T9SS cargo proteins, 43 lipoproteins and 66 OM β‐barrel proteins with some overlap between categories. The proteins are discussed both in these structural categories as well as their various functions in OM biogenesis, nutrient acquisition, protein secretion, adhesion and efflux. Proteins that were previously shown to be part of large complexes are highlighted and cross reference is provided to a previous major study of protein localization in P. gingivalis. Finally, proteins were also scored according to their level of conservation within the Bacteroidales taxon. Low scores were shown to correlate with virulence factors and may be predictive of novel virulence factors.
“It felt very special, it felt customised to me”—A qualitative investigation of the experiences of participating in a clinical trial of CBT for young people at risk of bipolar disorder
Authors: Jones Wendy Theresa , Peters Sarah , Byrne Rory Edward , Shiers David , Law Heather , Parker Sophie 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThe Bipolar at Risk Trial (BART) was a feasibility randomized controlled trial investigating cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) compared with treatment as usual (TAU) in young people at high risk of developing bipolar disorder (BD). This qualitative study aimed to investigate participants’ experiences of trial involvement, and the acceptability of CBT for this population.DesignParticipants were those identified as being at risk of bipolar disorder, determined by current symptoms or family history. A purposive sample of twenty‐one participants from both the intervention and TAU arms of the trial was recruited.MethodsTwenty‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted by service user researchers (13 participants had received therapy and 8 TAU). Interviews were audio recorded with consent from participants and transcribed verbatim. NVivo 11 Pro software was used to conduct an inductive thematic analysis.ResultsSuper‐ordinate themes were “adaptability and flexibility,” “feeling understood and valued,” and “relevance of study and intervention” which had two sub‐themes—“value of the trial therapy” and “acceptability of trial processes.” Participating in the trial and having therapy enabled participants to feel understood and valued by research assistants (RAs) and therapists. Participants viewed therapy as relevant to their current concerns and valued adaptability and flexibility of RAs and therapists.ConclusionsFindings highlight the importance and value of flexibility, adaptability, and understanding in relationships between participants and trial staff. Findings also indicate that the trial processes and CBT focusing on mood swings are acceptable and relevant to participants from this at risk population.Practitioner points

Young people at risk of bipolar disorder value a flexible approach to assessments and therapy, developing a rapport with research assistants and therapists and opening up to them when they feel comfortable to do so.

CBT focusing on coping with mood swings was acceptable to the majority of participants who received it and it was perceived as helpful in ways that were personal to each participant.
Learning from the Joneses: The professional learning effect of regional councils of government on municipal fiscal slack in suburban Chicago
Authors: Mitchell David , Davis Whitney , Hendrick Rebecca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFiscal slack scholars have sought to identify the primary generators of unreserved fund balance (UFB) within local governments, including economic, organizational, demographic, institutional, and political factors. Guo and Wang extend this endeavor spatially; however, geography may mask the professional learning impact of subregional councils of governments (COGs). This study examines 265 Chicago suburban municipalities to reveal through a pairing approach that municipalities who belong to the same subregional COG generally have more similar UFB levels, independent of geographical proximity. Policymakers can therefore utilize COGs when making decisions regarding a municipality's most vital resource for strategic investments and fiscal stress.
Insect egg‐induced physiological changes and transcriptional reprogramming leading to gall formation
Authors: Oates Caryn N. , Denby Katherine J. , Myburg Alexander A. , Slippers Bernard , Naidoo Sanushka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGall‐inducing insects and their hosts present some of the most intricate plant‐herbivore interactions. Oviposition on the host is often the first cue of future herbivory and events at this early time point can affect later life stages. Many gallers are devastating plant pests, yet little information regarding the plant‐insect molecular interplay exists, particularly following egg deposition. We studied the physiological and transcriptional responses of Eucalyptus following oviposition by the gall‐inducing wasp, Leptocybe invasa, to explore potential mechanisms governing defence responses and gall development. RNA sequencing and microscopy were used to explore a susceptible Eucalyptus‐L. invasa interaction. Infested and control material was compared over time (1–3, 7 and 90 days post oviposition) to examine the transcriptional and morphological changes. Oviposition induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species and phenolics which is reflected in the transcriptome analysis. Gene expression supports phytohormones and 10 transcription factor subfamilies as key regulators. The egg and oviposition fluid stimulate cell division resulting in gall development. Eucalyptus responses to oviposition are apparent within 24 hr. Putative defences include the oxidative burst and barrier reinforcement. However, egg and oviposition fluid stimuli may redirect these responses towards gall development.
An examination of two dichotomies: Women with lung cancer and living with lung cancer as a chronic disease
Authors: Vavalà Tiziana , Rigney Maureen , Reale Maria Lucia , Novello Silvia , King Jennifer C. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTLung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death globally, yet with many recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, the face of the disease is shifting. Historically, lung cancer is often thought of as a predominantly male disease with more than twice as many men as women being diagnosed worldwide—mostly due to the influence of smoking as the leading risk factor. However, lung cancer is also the second leading cause of cancer death in women and there is a growing population of young women who have never smoked and are being diagnosed. The past decade has seen groundbreaking innovations in both the early detection and treatment of lung cancer. In this new era, survival rates are beginning to increase and many of those diagnosed are finding themselves in a new situation—living long term with a deadly cancer. Here, we review pertinent aspects of women and lung cancer as well as the concept of living with lung cancer as a chronic disease to give a new perspective on the changing face of lung cancer treatment and care.
The Boundary of the Market for Biosecurity Risk
Authors: Stoneham Gary , Hester Susan M , Li Johnny Siu‐Hang , Zhou Rui , Chaudhry Atibhav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImported goods create value in destination countries but also create biosecurity risk. Although widely used in other domains of the economy, risk markets have not been created to manage losses that occur when exotic pests and diseases are introduced with traded goods. In this article we show that not all biosecurity risks are insurable. Losses arising from effort needed to detect and respond to exotic pests and diseases that breach national borders appear to be insurable because entry of these threats and consequent response costs, can be regarded as random events. As pests and diseases establish and spread, however, loss of access to export markets and productivity losses display systematic risk and appear to be uninsurable. Other insurability criteria support this definition of the boundary of biosecurity risk markets.We use the Australian biosecurity system as an example, although the framework described in this study will be applicable to biosecurity systems worldwide. We argue that biosecurity risk insurance could be incorporated into the current biosecurity system but would require legislation mandating importers to purchase insurance. Advantages of actuarial pricing of biosecurity risk are: (i) an increase in economic efficiency to the extent that importers respond to the price of biosecurity risk; (ii) financial sustainability would improve because actuarial pricing creates a structural link between funds available for biosecurity activities and risk exposure; and (iii) equity issues evident in the current biosecurity system could be addressed because risk creators (importers) would fund response activities through the purchase of insurance.
Oral myiasis: Analysis of cases reported in the English literature from 1990 to 2020
Authors: dos Passos Juliana Bianchi Souza , Coelho Luiza Vale , de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , Silva Leni Verônica de Oliveira , do Valle Isabella Bittencourt , Santos Mariana de Souza , de Figueiredo Eugênia Leal , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Mesquita Ricardo Alves 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMyiasis is an infection caused by the deposition of fly larvae in tissues, and its involvement in the human oral cavity is uncommon. Herein, we have performed a data analysis of published cases of oral myiasis. A search was performed in PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS. Geographic distribution, demographic data, associated factors, clinical features, fly types, treatment, and presence of sequelae were analyzed. A total of 122 articles reported the cases of 157 infected individuals. The most affected countries were India (41%) and Brazil (29.5%). Male predominance (67.5%) and a mean of 41.9 years of age were observed. The gingiva (29%) was the most affected site, followed by palate (25%) and lip (21%). There were different forms and combinations of treatments: manual removal of larvae and surgical debridement, application of asphyxiating substances, antibiotic therapy, and use of ivermectin. The condition predominantly affects individuals with neurological and/or locomotor disabilities, of low socioeconomic status, with poor oral hygiene and chemical dependence and individuals with previous injuries or with the absence of lip sealing. The establishment of a standard treatment protocol, enabling comparison in future studies and providing uniformity in treatment strategies offered by health services is strongly recommended.
The middle Cretaceous (110–94 Ma) evolution of Tangza Basin in the western Tibetan Plateau and implications for initial topographic growth of northern Lhasa
Authors: Han Xu , Dai Jin-Gen , Lin Jie , Xu Shi-Ying , Liu Bo-Rong , Wang Ya-Nan , Wang Cheng-Shan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReconstruction of Cretaceous geological evolution of Tibetan Plateau growth is critical for assessing the effect of India-Asia collision on the formation of its high elevation. However, Cretaceous topographic evolution and geodynamic mechanism in northern Lhasa remain ambiguous. Here we present results from sedimentology, zircon U-Pb ages, and detrital Cr-spinel composition of the Tangza Formation in the western part of northern Lhasa. Sedimentary lithofacies document that orbitolinid foraminifera–limestone beds were deposited in a shallow-marine setting, while clastic rocks accumulated in an alluvial fan during the middle Cretaceous. Zircon U-Pb ages of interbedded volcanic rocks place a robust constraint on the initiation of clastic rock deposition at ca. 106 Ma. Sandstones are enriched lithic fragments with abundant volcanic grains. U-Pb ages of detrital zircon display a prominent age population at 101–130 Ma with a 120 Ma peak. These data indicate that the clastic rocks were mainly derived from northern Lhasa, including an Early Cretaceous magmatic arc. Sedimentary and provenance characteristics are most consistent with deposition in a local foreland basin. The activation of south-vergent local thrusting may be responsible for loading of the Tangza foreland basin. This thrust faulting may be associated with crustal shortening induced by the continuous convergence of Lhasa and Qiangtang since collision initiated during the Early Cretaceous. The initial uplift of western and central parts of northern Lhasa and eastern Gangdese arc occurred at ca. 106 Ma, while the widespread uplift of northern and central Lhasa probably initiated at ca. 92 Ma. The mid–Late Cretaceous uplift in Lhasa was significantly earlier than the early Cenozoic India-Asia collision.
Breaking bad news: what parents would like you to know
Authors: Brouwer Marije A , Maeckelberghe Els L M , van der Heide Agnes , Hein Irma M , Verhagen Eduard A A E 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveBreaking bad news about life-threatening and possibly terminal conditions is a crucial part of paediatric care for children in this situation. Little is known about how the parents of children with life-threatening conditions experience communication of bad news. The objective of this study is to analyse parents’ experiences (barriers and facilitators) of communication of bad news.DesignA qualitative study consisting of a constant comparative analysis of in-depth interviews conducted with parents.SettingThe Netherlands.ParticipantsSixty-four parents—bereaved and non-bereaved—of 44 children (aged 1–12 years, 61% deceased) with a life-threatening condition.InterventionsNone.ResultsBased on parents’ experiences, the following 10 barriers to the communication of bad news were identified: (1) a lack of (timely) communication, (2) physicians’ failure to ask parents for input, (3) parents feel unprepared during and after the conversation, (4) a lack of clarity about future treatment, (5) physicians’ failure to voice uncertainties, (6) physicians’ failure to schedule follow-up conversations, (7) presence of too many or unknown healthcare professionals, (8) parental concerns in breaking bad news to children, (9) managing indications of bad news in non-conversational contexts, and (10) parents’ misunderstanding of medical terminology.ConclusionsThis study shows healthcare professionals how parents experience barriers in bad news conversations. This mainly concerns practical aspects of communication. The results provide practical pointers on how the communication of bad news can be improved to better suit the needs of parents. From the parents’ perspective, the timing of conversations in which they were informed that their child might not survive was far too late. Sometimes, no such conversations ever took place.
Neonatal admission and mortality in babies born in UK alongside midwifery units: a national population-based case-control study using the UK Midwifery Study System (UKMidSS)
Authors: Rowe Rachel , Soe Aung , Knight Marian , Kurinczuk Jennifer J 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the incidence of and risk factors for neonatal unit admission, intrapartum stillbirth or neonatal death without admission, and describe outcomes, in babies born in an alongside midwifery unit (AMU).DesignNational population-based case-control study.MethodWe used the UK Midwifery Study System to identify and collect data about 1041 women who gave birth in AMUs, March 2017 to February 2018, whose babies were admitted to a neonatal unit or died (cases) and 1984 controls from the same AMUs. We used multivariable logistic regression, generating adjusted OR (aOR) with 95% CIs, to investigate maternal and intrapartum factors associated with neonatal admission or mortality.ResultsThe incidence of neonatal admission or mortality following birth in an AMU was 1.2%, comprising neonatal admission (1.2%) and mortality (0.01%). White ‘other’ ethnicity (aOR=1.28; 95% CI=1.01 to 1.63); nulliparity (aOR=2.09; 95% CI=1.78 to 2.45); ≥2 previous pregnancies ≥24 weeks’ gestation (aOR=1.38; 95% CI=1.10 to 1.74); male sex (aOR=1.46; 95% CI=1.23 to 1.75); maternal pregnancy problem (aOR=1.40; 95% CI=1.03 to 1.90); prolonged (aOR=1.42; 95% CI=1.01 to 2.01) or unrecorded (aOR=1.38; 95% CI=1.05 to 1.81) second stage duration; opiate use (aOR=1.31; 95% CI=1.02 to 1.68); shoulder dystocia (aOR=5.06; 95% CI=3.00 to 8.52); birth weight <2500 g (aOR=4.12; 95% CI=1.97 to 8.60), 4000–4999 g (aOR=1.64; 95% CI=1.25 to 2.14) and ≥4500 g (aOR=2.10; 95% CI=1.17 to 3.76), were independently associated with neonatal admission or mortality. Among babies admitted (n=1038), 18% received intensive care. Nine babies died, six following neonatal admission. Sepsis (52%) and respiratory distress (42%) were the most common discharge diagnoses.ConclusionsThe results of this study are in line with other evidence on risk factors for neonatal admission, and reassuring in terms of the quality and safety of care in AMUs.
Aflibercept for age-related macular degeneration: 4-year outcomes of a ‘treat-and-extend’ regimen with exit-strategy
Authors: Jaggi Damian , Nagamany Thanoosha , Ebneter Andreas , Munk Marion , Wolf Sebastian , Zinkernagel Martin 
Published: October 2020

AimTo report long-term outcomes on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and treatment intervals with a treat-and-extend (T&E) regimen in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).MethodsThis observational study included treatment-naïve patients with nAMD, treated with aflibercept. A specific T&E protocol without a loading phase and predefined exit criteria was administered. After reaching predefined ‘exit-criteria’, the treatment period was complete, and patients were observed three monthly.ResultsEighty-two patients with a follow-up period of ≥2 years were included. BCVA (mean±SD, ETDRS letters) increased from 51.9±25.2 at baseline to 63.7±17.7 (p<0.0001) at 1 year, 61.7±18.5 (p<0.0001) at 2 years, 62.4±19.5 (p<0.0001, n=61) at 3 years and remained insignificantly higher than baseline at 4 years at 58.5±24.3 (p=0.22). Central subfield thickness (mean±SD, μm) decreased significantly from 387.5±107.6 (p<0.0001) at baseline to 291.9±65.5 (p<0.0001) at 1 year, and remained significantly lower until 4 years at 289.0±59.4 (p<0.0001). Treatment intervals (mean±SD, weeks) could be extended up to 9.3±3.1 weeks at 1 year and remained at 11.2±3.5 weeks at 4 years. Twenty-nine (35%) patients reached exit criteria and continued with three monthly observation only.ConclusionsAfter 4 years of treatment, initial vision gains were maintained with a reasonable treatment burden, even without an initial loading phase. Our results on functional outcomes are comparable with large controlled studies.
Costing the impact of interventions during pregnancy in the UK: a systematic review of economic evaluations
Authors: Relph Sophie , Delaney Louisa , Melaugh Alexandra , Vieira Matias C , Sandall Jane , Khalil Asma , Pasupathy Dharmintra , Healey Andy 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this review was to summarise the current evidence on the costing of resource use within UK maternity care, in order to facilitate the estimation of incremental resource and cost impacts potentially attributable to maternity care interventions.MethodsA systematic review of economic evaluations was conducted by searching Medline, the Health Management Information Consortium, the National Health Service (NHS) Economic Evaluations Database, CINAHL and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for economic evaluations within UK maternity care, published between January 2010 and August 2019 in the English language. Unit costs for healthcare activities provided to women within the antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal period were inflated to 2018–2019 prices. Assessment of study quality was performed using the Quality of Health Economic Analyses checklist.ResultsOf 5084 titles or full texts screened, 37 papers were included in the final review (27 primary research articles, 7 review articles and 3 economic evaluations from NICE guidelines). Of the 27 primary research articles, 21 were scored as high quality, 3 as medium quality and 3 were low quality. Variation was noted in cost estimates for healthcare activities throughout the maternity care pathway: for midwife-led outpatient appointment, the range was £27.34–£146.25 (mean £81.78), emergency caesarean section, range was £1056.44–£4982.21 (mean £3508.93) and postnatal admission, range was £103.00–£870.10 per day (mean £469.55).ConclusionsWide variation exists in costs applied to maternity healthcare activities, resulting in challenges in attributing cost to maternity activities. The level of variation in cost calculations is likely to reflect the uncertainty within the system and must be dealt with by conducting sensitivity analyses. Nationally agreed prices for granular unit costs are needed to standardise cost-effectiveness evaluations of new interventions within maternity care, to be used either for research purposes or decisions regarding national intervention uptake.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019145309.