bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultralow-quantum-defect Raman laser based on the boson peak in phosphosilicate fiber
Authors: Zhang Yang , Xu Jiangming , Ye Jun , Song Jiaxin , Yao Tianfu , Zhou Pu 
Published: May 2020

Quantum defects (QDs) have always been a key factor of the thermal effect in high-power fiber lasers. Much research on low-QD fiber lasers has been reported in the past decades, but most of it is based on active fibers. Besides, Raman fiber lasers based on the stimulated Raman scattering effect in passive fiber are also becoming an important kind of high-power fiber laser for their unique advantages, such as their significantly broader wavelength-tuning range and being free of photon darkening. In this paper, we demonstrate an ultralow-QD Raman fiber laser based on phosphosilicate fiber. There is a strong boson peak located at a frequency shift of 3.65 THz in the Raman gain spectrum of the phosphosilicate fiber we employed. By utilizing this boson peak to provide Raman gain and adopting an amplified spontaneous emission source at 1066 nm as the pump source, 1080 nm Stokes light is generated, corresponding to a QD of 1.3%. The spectral purity at 1080 nm can be up to 96.03%, and the output power is 12.5 W, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 67.2%. Moreover, by increasing the pump wavelength to 1072 nm, the QD is reduced to 0.74%, and the output power at 1080 nm is 10.7 W, with a spectral purity of 82.82%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the lowest QD ever reported for Raman fiber lasers. This work proposes a promising way of achieving high-power, high-efficiency Raman fiber lasers.
Subwavelength thick ultrahigh-Q terahertz disc microresonators
Authors: Vogt Dominik Walter , Jones Angus Harvey , Haase Thomas Alan , Leonhardt Rainer 
Published: May 2020

Artificial structures that exhibit narrow resonance features are key to a myriad of scientific advances and technologies. In particular, exploration of the terahertz (THz) spectrum—the final frontier of the electromagnetic spectrum—would greatly benefit from high-quality resonant structures. Here we present a new paradigm of terahertz silicon disc microresonators with subwavelength thickness. Experimental results utilizing continuous-wave THz spectroscopy establish quality factors in excess of 120,000 at 0.6 THz. Reduction of the disc thickness to a fraction of the wavelength reduces the losses from the silicon substrate and paves the way to unparalleled possibilities for light–matter interaction in the THz frequency range.
Usos políticos de la metáfora. Medios, instituciones y ciudadanía en la definición de conflictos en la esfera pública, A. Capdevila Gómez and C. Moragas-Fernández (eds) (2019)
Authors: Gómez Carmen González 
Published: May 2020

Review of: Usos políticos de la metáfora. Medios, instituciones y ciudadanía en la definición de conflictos en la esfera pública, A. Capdevila Gómez and C. Moragas-Fernández (eds) (2019)
Barcelona: Icaria, 184 pp.,
ISBN 978-8-49888-931-4, p/bk, €18
Showing the way, or getting in the way? Discussing power, influence and intervention in contemporary musical-social practices
Authors: Ansdell Gary , Brøske Brit Ågot , Black Pauline , Lee Sara 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article presents a broad discussion of power and influence within contemporary participatory music practices in relation to practices of intervention. The discussion is presented through the respective experience and professional perspectives of music therapy, music education and community music – each illustrated by current practice examples and their accompanying dilemmas; and covering both local and international projects. In a shared closing discussion, the four authors review the key question: whether professional influence and power in participatory music practices ‘shows the way’ or ‘gets in the way’. They conclude that intervention takes place on a continuum, in different ways, and to different degrees and levels. What is vital is to retain practical and ethical reflexivity on the dimensions of intervention as a practice that can offer both creative opportunities, but which can also be part of subtly oppressive power relationships.
Capturing the magic: A three-way dialogue on the impact of music on people and society
Authors: Camlin Dave , Caulfield Laura , Perkins Rosie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article sets out a dialogue on the impact of music on people and society. The perspectives of three researchers, from different experiential and methodological backgrounds, are presented. The article explores: how we define concepts of impact; how we seek to measure the impact of engaging with music, providing examples from our own recent work; and tensions in attempting to capture or measure the ‘magic’ of music, including how to meet the needs of different audiences and how to develop new ways to capture impact. The authors reflect on the political climate in which music interventions operate, including the need to ask different questions at different times for different audiences, concluding that it is vital to measure both whether there is any impact, how this impact was achieved, and people’s experiences of engaging with music. We found consensus about the need to move evidence forwards through both the use of arts-based creative methods that focus on the music-making process itself as well as through collaborations that bring together varied perspectives, experiences, disciplines and research methods. We also argue that – as there is considerable evidence about the impact of music, on different people, in different ways and in different settings – researchers should now aim to take stock of the evidence base. Finally, we posit that there is merit in engaging with a reflective dialogue like the one presented here, as a tool to help challenge, disrupt and influence our own thinking.
Shakespearean Celebrity in the Digital Age: Fan Cultures and Remediation, Anna Blackwell (2018)
Authors: Compagnoni Michela 
Published: May 2020

Review of: Shakespearean Celebrity in the Digital Age: Fan Cultures and Remediation, Anna Blackwell (2018)
Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, xiii + 188 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-31996-543-7, h/bk, €72.79, p/bk, €51.99;
ISBN 978-3-31996-544-4, e/bk, €42.79
Allogenic Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Improves Abnormal Small Intestinal Permeability: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Craven Laura , Rahman Adam , Nair Parvathy Seema , Beaton Melanie , Silverman Justin , Qumosani Karim , Hramiak Irene , Hegele Rob , Joy Tisha , Meddings Jon , Urquhart Brad , Harvie Ruth , McKenzie Charles , Summers Kelly , Reid Gregor , Burton Jeremy P. , Silverman Michael 
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an obesity-related disorder that is rapidly increasing in incidence and is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The gut microbiome plays a role in metabolism and maintaining gut barrier integrity. Studies have found differences in the microbiota between NAFLD and healthy patients and increased intestinal permeability in patients with NAFLD. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can be used to alter the gut microbiome. It was hypothesized that an FMT from a thin and healthy donor given to patients with NAFLD would improve insulin resistance (IR), hepatic proton density fat fraction (PDFF), and intestinal permeability.

METHODS:
Twenty-one patients with NAFLD were recruited and randomized in a ratio of 3:1 to either an allogenic (n = 15) or an autologous (n = 6) FMT delivered by using an endoscope to the distal duodenum. IR was calculated by HOMA-IR, hepatic PDFF was measured by MRI, and intestinal permeability was tested using the lactulose:mannitol urine test. Additional markers of metabolic syndrome and the gut microbiota were examined. Patient visits occurred at baseline, 2, 6 weeks, and 6 months post-FMT.

RESULTS:
There were no significant changes in HOMA-IR or hepatic PDFF in patients who received the allogenic or autologous FMT. Allogenic FMT patients with elevated small intestinal permeability (>0.025 lactulose:mannitol, n = 7) at baseline had a significant reduction 6 weeks after allogenic FMT.

DISCUSSION:
FMT did not improve IR as measured by HOMA-IR or hepatic PDFF but did have the potential to reduce small intestinal permeability in patients with NAFLD.
Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma Presenting as Pancreatitis
Authors: Chaudhari Rahul , Murphy Katherine , Schwartz Stephen , Chaudhari Jigisha , Ho Immanuel , Nunes Frederick 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is an uncommon and aggressive type of adenocarcinoma, typically affecting the middle-aged and elderly. The morphological features of the HAC resemble hepatocellular carcinoma. Presenting symptoms may include upper abdominal pain, hematemesis, back pain, and palpable abdominal mass. HAC has no proven therapy, and the prognosis is extremely poor. Early surgical removal with chemotherapy remains the standard of care. We describe one of the youngest patients in the literature with HAC who presented with acute pancreatitis. The diagnostic workup was confused by diffuse lymphadenopathy and elevated β-human chorionic gonadotropin making lymphoma and germ cell tumor likely possibilities until immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis.
Fecal Calprotectin Predicts Mucosal Healing in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis Treated With Biological Therapies: A Prospective Study
Authors: Bertani Lorenzo , Blandizzi Corrado , Mumolo Maria Gloria , Ceccarelli Linda , Albano Eleonora , Tapete Gherardo , Baiano Svizzero Giovanni , Zanzi Federico , Coppini Francesca , de Bortoli Nicola , Bellini Massimo , Morganti Riccardo , Marchi Santino , Costa Francesco 
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Biological therapies are widely used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. However, only a low proportion of patients achieve clinical remission and even less mucosal healing. There is currently scarce knowledge about the early markers of therapeutic response, with particular regard to mucosal healing. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the role of fecal calprotectin (FC) as early predictor of mucosal healing.

METHODS:
A prospective observational study was conducted on patients with ulcerative colitis, who started biological therapy with infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, or vedolizumab at our center. All patients underwent colonoscopy, performed by 2 blinded operators, at baseline and week 54 or in case of therapy discontinuation because of loss of response. FC was assessed at baseline and week 8 and evaluated as putative predictor of mucosal healing at week 54.

RESULTS:
We enrolled 109 patients, and 97 were included in the analysis. Twenty-six patients (27%) experienced loss of response. Over 71 patients (73%) with clinical response at week 54, clinical remission was obtained in 60 patients (61.9%) and mucosal healing in 45 patients (46.4%). After 8 weeks of treatment, FC predicted mucosal healing at week 54 (P < 0.0001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were estimated to be 75%, 88.9%, 86.6%, and 75.5%, respectively, based on a cutoff of 157.5 mg/kg.

DISCUSSION:
The present study suggests that FC assessment after 8 weeks of treatment with all the biological drugs could represent a promising early marker of response to therapy in terms of mucosal healing.
Perbandingan Kadar Laktat Antara Propofol-Fentanil dengan Isofluran-Fentanil Pada Operasi Kraniotomi Cedera Otak Sedang;
Authors: Rasyid Harsakti , Tanra Husni , Gaus Syafruddin , P Ilhamjaya 
Published: May 2020

Latar Belakang : Cedera otak menimbulkan gangguan beberapa sistem tubuh dan sering menyebabkan iskemia. Laktat terbentuk dari metabolisme anaerob glukosa otak akibat kurangnya oksigen.Tujuan : Membandingkan kadar laktat antara propofol-fentanil dengan isofluran-fentanil pada operasi kraniotomi cedera kepala sedang.Metode : Dilakukan penelitian eksperimental secara acak tersamar tunggal terhadap 42 pasien yang menjalani prosedur kraniotomi cedera kepala sedang. Subyek penelitian dibagi dalam dua kelompok, kelompok pertama mendapat pemeliharaan anestesi propofol 6 mg/kgBB/jam dan fentanil 1 mcg/kgBB/jam (n=21), sementara kelompok kedua mendapat pemeliharaan isofluran 1 vol% dan fentanil 1 mcg/kgBB/jam (n=21). Dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar laktat vena pra bedah, setelah intubasi, setelah kraniotomi, dan setelah ekstubasi. Data diuji berdasarkan Shapiro Wilk, bila distribusi data normal diuji dengan independent T test dan bila distribusi tidak normal dilakukan transformasi data dengan fungsi log. Tingkat kepercayaan 95% dengan kemaknaan p<0,05.Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar laktat pada pemeliharaan anestesi propofol 6 mg/kgBB/jam dan fentanil 1 mcg/kgBB/jam lebih rendah setelah intubasi, setelah kraniotomi, dan setelah ekstubasi dan secara statistik bermakna (p<0,05) dsbanding pemeliharaan isofluran 1 vol% dan fentanil 1 mcg/kgBB/jam.Kesimpulan : Kadar laktat pada operasi kraniotomi cedera otak sedang dengan pemeliharaan anestesi propofol-fentanil lebih rendah dibanding kadar laktat dengan pemeliharaan anestesi isofluran-fentanil. Propofol dan fentanil dapat dijadikan pemeliharaan anestesi bedah saraf traumatik.
Novel mutations in the CYBB gene causing X-linked chronic granulomatous disease: a case report of 2 patients
Authors: Sud Shama , Grunebaum Eyal , Upton Julia , Kim Vy H.D. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the NADPH complex characterized by recurrent infections, inflammation and autoimmunity. While autosomal recessive forms exist, X-linked CGD makes up the majority of cases, which is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene. Patients are at high risk for infections with catalase positive bacteria and fungi. The prognosis has improved significantly with improvements in disease detection and management, including prophylactic antibiotic and antifungal therapy. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative option for patients with a suitable donor. Aim: To report the clinical presentation, immune features and genetic mutations in 2 patients with novel mutations in the CYBB gene causing X-linked CGD who underwent HSCT. Results: Case 1: Patient 1 is a 14-year-old patient who initially presented with disseminated aspergillosis at the age of 3. He was noted to have an abnormal neutrophil oxidative burst index (NOBI) and genetic testing revealed a mutation in the CYBB gene (c.883_87dupGTGGT) consistent with CGD. He successfully underwent HSCT at age 4. At age 10 he developed a primary intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma in the posterior cranial fossa. Case 2: Patient 2 is a 4-year-old male who was worked up for CGD after developing a perianal abscess at 1 month of age followed by Moraxella bacteremia at 2 months of age. He had 2 abnormal NOBIs and genetic testing identified a novel mutation in the CYBB gene that was thought to explain his phenotype (c.941delA). He underwent an HSCT (10/10 HLA matched unrelated donor). Both patients have had normalization of their NOBI post-transplant and remain free of significant infections. Discussion: We report the clinical presentation, immune features and genetic mutations in 2 patients with novel mutations in the CYBB gene causing X-linked CGD. Identifying pathogenic mutations causing CGD is important for a better understanding of genotype–phenotype associations and disease course in this patient population. Statement of novelty: We describe 2 pediatric patients diagnosed with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease due to novel mutations in the CYBB gene.
Somatic outcomes of young people with chronic diseases participating in transition programs: a systematic review
Authors: Becker Johanna , Ravens Esther , Pape Lars , Ernst Gundula 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere is growing evidence that the health of young people with chronic health conditions deteriorates during the transfer from child-centred to adult-oriented health care. Risks include not only the deterioration of health status in general but also the occurrence of secondary diseases and adverse events. Transition programs have been implemented. However, there is a lack of evidence about whether they reduce these risks and which interventions should be principally included. Evidence-based guidelines for the transition of young people should be introduced. In this study we therefore aim to summarise actual evidence on somatic outcomes during the transition period.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted. Two independent reviewers searched in electronic databases (Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science) for intervention studies that aimed to improve transition. Last update of search was October 31st 2018. Grey literature was also searched. Studies were included if they examined participants aged 11 years or older suffering from a chronic health condition and evaluated interventions aimed to improve somatic outcomes after transition. Controlled trials or studies with a measurement before and after intervention were considered. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Additionally, each study was graded using a modified grading scale based on GRADE.Results28 studies met the inclusion criteria. Patients suffered from different chronic conditions such as type 1 diabetes, solid organ transplantation, inflammatory bowel disease or cystic fibrosis. Interventions had different components such as transition checklists, workshops, web-based interventions, transition plans, joint visits or transition coordinators. Outcomes included mortality and morbidity. They varied according to chronic condition. Thirteen studies showed beneficial effects in the intervention group or in post-intervention measurements. The certainty of evidence was very low.ConclusionA considerable number of studies evaluating transition interventions was identified. Transition interventions had some beneficial effects. Workshops, joint visits and longer or multidisciplinary appointments may be particularly effective components. Transition guidelines could be based on these results. However, due to the limitations of the included studies it is difficult to draw firm conclusions. More research is needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of transition interventions. It should address the deficits identified from prior studies, such as poor study design, short follow-up time or small sample sizes.
Fasted Versus Nonfasted Aerobic Exercise on Body Composition: Considerations for Physique Athletes
Authors: Escalante Guillermo , Barakat Christopher 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Physique athletes often incorporate aerobic exercise as part of their exercise program to increase caloric expenditure for the purposes of improving their body composition. One method used by some physique competitors is to perform aerobic exercise in the fasted state under the assumption that low glycogen levels after an overnight fast allow for greater mobilization of stored fat to be used for fuel because carbohydrates are not readily available to produce energy. The purpose of this article is to examine the existing literature on the effect of fasted versus fed cardio on improving body composition for physique athletes.
Characteristics of adrenocortical carcinoma in South Korea: a registry-based nationwide survey
Authors: Lim Jung Soo , Lee Seung-Eun , Kim Jung Hee , Kim Jae Hyeon , _ _ 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
To evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) in South Korea.

Methods
A nationwide, registry-based survey was conducted to identify pathologically proven ACC at 25 tertiary care centers in South Korea between 2000 and 2014. Cox proportional hazard model and log-rank test were adopted for survival analysis.

Results
Two hundred four patients with ACC were identified, with a median follow-up duration of 20 months (IQR 5–52 months). The median age at diagnosis was 51.5 years (IQR 40–65.8 years), and ACC was prevalent in women (n = 110, 53.9%). Abdominal pain was the most common clinical symptom (n = 70, 40.2%), and ENSAT stage 2 was most common (n = 62, 30.4%) at the time of diagnosis. One hundred sixty-nine patients underwent operation, while 17 were treated with other modalities. The remission rate was 48%, and median recurrence-free survival time was 46 months. Estimated 5-year recurrence-free rate was 44.7%. There were more women, large tumor, atypical mitosis, venous invasion, and higher mitotic count in cancer recurrence group. Estimated 5-year overall survival and disease-specific survival rates were 64.5 and 70.6%, respectively. Higher ENSAT stage and advanced pathologic characteristics were risk factors for all-cause mortality of ACC. Large tumor size and cortisol-secreting tumor were additional risk factors for ACC-specific death.

Conclusions
We report the first epidemiologic study regarding ACC in an Asian population. ENSAT stage 4; lymph node involvement; non-operative group; and invasion of vein, sinusoid, or capsule were associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality.
Dios como verdad subjetiva y paradoja en el pensamiento religioso de Soren Kierkegaard
Authors: Bravo Peña Fernando 
Published: May 2020

El texto analiza la concepción de Dios considerando dos elementos: Dios como verdad subjetiva y paradoja. Básicamente, Dios como verdad subjetiva significa que la creencia religiosa es un fenómeno personal e interior. La paradoja del Dios cristiano se encarna en la figura de Cristo: ¿cómo puede Dios manifestarse como un ser humano? Por lo tanto, en el cristianismo hay dos caminos: creer en Dios o no creer en Dios. Esta disyuntiva tiene un fundamento en una premisa de Kierkegaard: la creencia en Dios no puede ser racionalizada ni demostrada.
Palabras clave: Dios, verdad subjetiva, paradoja, cristianismo
A húgyhólyag-recidíva jellemzői felső üregrendszeri daganatos betegekben radikális ureteronephrectomia után
Authors: Kovács Petra Terézia , Juhász Dániel , Módos Orsolya , Kocsmár Ildikó , Terebessy András , Lotz Gábor , Szarvas Tibor , Nyirády Péter , Riesz Péter 
Published: May 2020

Absztrakt:
Bevezetés: Urothelium béleli a vesemedencét, a
húgyvezetéket, a húgyhólyagot és a húgycső proximalis harmadát, így ezen
területek bármelyikén kialakulhat átmeneti sejtes carcinoma. A felső
üregrendszeri daganatok ritka elváltozások, jelentőségüket azonban az adja, hogy
a húgyhólyagban gyakori a recidíva, mely kockázatának felmérésére a mai napig
nem alakult ki egységesen elfogadott rizikóbecslés.
Célkitűzés: A felső üregrendszeri
daganatos betegek adatainak általános jellemzése, illetve a
húgyhólyag-recidívára vonatkozó rizikóbecslés.
Módszer: A 2005. január 1. és 2016. december
31. közötti időszakban a Semmelweis Egyetem Urológiai Klinikáján radikális
ureteronephrectomiával kezelt betegek adatainak tanulmányozása, statisztikai
elemzése. Eredmények: Átmeneti sejtes felső
üregrendszeri daganat 135 betegnél igazolódott. A betegeket a műtéttől számítva
átlagosan 32 hónapig (SD: 30,25) követték, ezalatt 31 betegnél (23%) találtak
húgyhólyag-recidívát, átlagosan 19,6 hónap (SD: 29,7) után. Minél idősebb korban
fedezték fel a betegnél a primer daganatot, annál hamarabb észleltek kiújulást a
húgyhólyagban (p = 0,007). A diagnóziskor ismert magas vérnyomás esetén is
szignifikánsan korábban tért vissza az elváltozás (p = 0,035).
Következtetés: A vizsgálat eredményei
alapján az idősebb és multimorbid betegek esetében a daganat hamarabb recidivált
a húgyhólyagban, ezért az ő figyelmüket különösen érdemes felhívni a rendszeres,
cystoscopiát is magában foglaló ellenőrző vizsgálat fontosságára már a kezelés
megkezdésekor. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(21): 881–888.