bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Firearms, Dementia, and the Clinician: Development of a Safety Counseling Protocol
Authors: Doucette Mitchell L. , Dayton Harrison , Lapidus Garry , Borrup Kevin T. , Campbell Brendan T. 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVESUsing available literature, our aim was to design a firearm safety counseling protocol tool for dementia patients.DESIGNWe conducted a literature review on firearm safety counseling by healthcare providers using several databases to inform the creation of our evidence‐based protocol.SETTINGRoughly 5.7 million Americans currently live with some form of dementia with approximately 60% of persons with dementia (PWD) owning a firearm. The mental deterioration associated with dementia creates an opportunity for firearm abuse, misuse, and injury. Patient and family safety counseling from a healthcare provider is one potential opportunity for reducing the level of danger. This literature review identifies the available clinical guidelines for firearm safety for PWD and creates a firearm safety counseling protocol based on existing literature.PARTICIPANTS:Persons with dementia and their families or care takers.MEASUREMENTSDatabases were searched using variations of the terms “Firearms,” “Dementia,” and “Alzheimer's disease.” Studies were included for review if they provided either recommendations or guidelines for healthcare provider's counseling around firearm safety for PWD or their families.RESULTSSearch terms yielded 456 articles, of which 12 met inclusion criteria. Using the available literature, we developed a firearm safety counseling protocol that provides measurable means to assess risk and offer harm mitigation strategies for patients and their families. Mitigation strategies are based on Clinical Dementia Rating scale assessment at time of patient interaction and results of risk assessment.CONCLUSIONProviding standardized and effective clinical guidelines to healthcare providers who interact with firearm‐owning PWD can act as a means to reduce firearm injury and violence. The protocol proposed in this article needs further testing and validation to determine if it will help reduce firearm‐related events in PWD.
Lung Cancer Surgical Regionalization Disproportionately Worsens Travel Distance for Rural Patients
Authors: Herb Joshua N. , Dunham Lisette N. , Mody Gita , Long Jason M. , Stitzenberg Karyn B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeMajor cancer surgeries have regionalized to fewer and higher‐volume hospitals, with the goal of improving the quality of surgical care. However, regionalization may have negative effects on geographic access to care. We hypothesize that lung cancer patients have been traveling further for surgery over time as regionalization has occurred, and this increased travel has primarily impacted rural patients.MethodsA North Carolina all‐payer state discharge database was used to capture discharges from 2005 to 2015 for patients undergoing lung cancer resection. Changes in patterns of care over time in high‐volume centers (HVC) were examined. Adjusted patient straight‐line travel distance was estimated over time and stratified by rural‐urban location.FindingsThe number of hospitals performing lung cancer resections decreased from 49 to 31 over the study period (P = .0006), and the proportion of patients receiving care at HVC increased from 23% to 44% (P < .0001). Rural patient travel distance increased over time by 8.5 miles (95% CI: 0.56‐17.10, P = .048), from 45.1 to 53.6 miles. There was no change in urban patient travel distance. The difference in adjusted travel distance between rural and urban patients nearly doubled from 2005 to 2015 (9.6 to 17.9 miles,P < .0001).ConclusionIn North Carolina, lung cancer surgical regionalization occurred over the study period and was accompanied by increases in travel distance for rural patients only. Further work is needed to determine the effects of greater travel distance on patterns of cancer care for rural patients.
Clinical efficacy and safety of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients aged ≥80 years
Authors: Zhou Genqing , Cai Lidong , Wu Xiaoyu , Zhang Liangfeng , Chen Songwen , Lu Xiaofeng , Xu Juan , Ding Yu , Peng Shi , Wei Yong , Liu Shaowen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients aged ≥80 years.MethodsA total of 333 AF patients aged ≥60 years were enrolled, who underwent contact force‐guided radiofrequency catheter ablation with uninterrupted anticoagulation. All patients were followed‐up for at least 12 months. Success was defined by the absence of episodes of AF/atrial tachycardia lasting more than 30 seconds after a 3‐month blanking period, without antiarrhythmic drugs.ResultsCompared to patients aged 60‐79 years (Group 2, n = 244), patients aged ≥80 years (Group 1, n = 89) were presented with higher rate of diabetes (36.0% vs 22.1%, P = .011), lower body mass index (23.4 ± 3.1 vs 24.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2, P = .001), lower creatinine clearance (56.9 ± 16.5 vs 83.3 ± 24.5 mL/min, P < .001), higher CHA2DS2‐VASc score (4.3 ± 1.3 vs 3.3 ± 1.4, P < .001), and HAS‐BLED score (2.2 ± 0.8 vs 1.8 ± 0.8, P < .001). Wide antral pulmonary vein isolation was achieved in all patients, and there was no significant difference in procedure time, ablation time, fluoroscopy time, and complications rate between two age groups (P > .05). After a mean follow‐up of 24.4 ± 9.6 months, the overall success rate was 78.2% in Group 1 and 78.9% in Group 2 (P = .622).ConclusionsRadiofrequency ablation with contact force sensing catheters for AF is safe and effective in selected patients aged ≥80 years.
Loss of TaIRX9b gene function in wheat decreases chain length and amount of arabinoxylan in grain but increases cross‐linking
Authors: Pellny Till K. , Patil Archana , Wood Abigail J. , Freeman Jackie , Halsey Kirstie , Plummer Amy , Kosik Ondrej , Temple Henry , Collins Joel D. , Dupree Paul , Berry Simon , Shewry Peter R. , Lovegrove Alison , Phillips Andrew L. , Mitchell Rowan A.C. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryWheat contains abundant xylan in cell walls of all tissues, but in endosperm, there is an unusual form of xylan substituted only by arabinose (arabinoxylan; AX) that has long chains and low levels of feruloylation, a fraction of which is extractable in water (WE‐AX). WE‐AX acts as soluble dietary fibre but also gives rise to viscous extracts from grain, a detrimental trait for some non‐food uses of wheat. Here, we show that a glycosyl transferase family 43 wheat gene abundantly expressed in endosperm complements the Arabidopsis irx9 mutant and so name the three homoeologous genes TaIRX9b. We generated wheat lines with a constitutive knockout of TaIRX9b by stacking loss‐of‐function alleles for these homeologues from a mutagenized hexaploid wheat population resulting in decreases in grain extract viscosity of 50%–80%. The amount and chain length of WE‐AX molecules from grain of these triple‐stack lines was decreased accounting for the changes in extract viscosity. Imaging of immature wheat grain sections of triple‐stacks showed abolition of immunolabelling in endosperm with LM11 antibody that recognizes epitopes in AX, but also showed apparently normal cell size and shape in all cell types, including endosperm. We identified differentially expressed genes from endosperm of triple‐stacks suggesting that compensatory changes occur to maintain this endosperm cell wall integrity. Consistent with this, we observed increased ferulate dimerization and increased cross‐linking of WE‐AX molecules in triple‐stacks. These novel wheat lines lacking functional TaIRX9b therefore provide insight into control of wheat endosperm cell walls.
Usefulness of urinary glycosaminoglycans assay for a mucopolysaccharidosis‐specific screening
Authors: Sabir Es‐Said , Lafhal Karima , Ezoubeiri Aicha , Harkati Imane , Sbyea Safia , Aldámiz‐Echevarría Luis , Andrade Fernando , Ait Babram Mohammed , Maoulainine Fadl Mrabih Rabou , Draiss Ghizlane , Rada Noureddine , Bouskraoui Mohammed , Karim Abdallah , Fdil Naima 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), a group of inherited metabolic disorders characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, can be diagnosed early through newborn screening programs. Establishing newborn screening in Morocco is a challenging task for multiple economic and social reasons. Screening in a Moroccan population using 1,9‐dimethylmethylene blue urinary glycosaminoglycan (GAG) assays may allow for an earlier diagnosis of MPS. We studied the feasibility of implementing screening in Moroccan children as an alternative to national newborn screening. We determined the reference ranges for GAGs in the Moroccan population, their stability during transport, the effectiveness of this test as a screening procedure for MPS in patients, and its use as a screening test for MPS in the Imssouane region, where the rate of consanguineous marriage is 38%.MethodsUsing dimethylmethylene blue assays, urine samples of 47 MPS patients were analyzed, together with urine samples from healthy controls (n = 368, age ranging from 1 month to 25 years), and from Imssouane region children (n = 350, age ranging from 6 months to 24 month). Precision, linearity, recovery, limits, and stability were tested.ResultsUrinary GAGs reference values are age and ethnicity dependent. The validation parameters established displayed great precision and accuracy leading to recoveries according to internationally accepted values for bioanalytical methods. Urinary GAGs were stable for a maximum of 7 weeks at 40 °C. Screening of Imssouane children resulted in the detection of a 6‐month‐old child, diagnosed with MPS I.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the usefulness of quantifying glycosaminoglycans for early screening of MPS.
Towards adopting inflation targeting: The credibility and limitations of monetary policy under the fixed exchange system—the case of Jordan
Authors: Abu Asab Nora , Cuestas Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the interest rate pass‐through is examined within its intermediate lag of action to shed light on the credibility of monetary policy in Jordan, where the reputation of low inflation is imported through a fixed exchange rate system to the US dollar. We use time series methods which allow us to test for asymmetric adjustment. The results are compared to that of two inflation targeting countries at time proceeding building the credibility of price stability domestically: New Zealand and the UK. The empirical findings suggest that the interest rate pass‐through in Jordan is weak and slow. In addition, our results indicate the existence of non‐competitive pricing behaviour in the market. Comparing the results to the two inflation targeters, the study suggests that Jordan needs to move to a more resilient exchange rate arrangement.
Supporting the intoxicated patient: toxicants affecting the haematological and renal systems
Authors: Humm Karen , Tinson Erica 
Published: May 2020

Background: Many potentially toxic substances are carried by the circulatory system and excreted through the kidneys; therefore, the haematological and renal systems are particularly at risk of damage by a variety of toxicants. Treating affected patients requires a combination of supportive care and specific therapy.Aim of the article: This article is the third in a series of four. It discusses specific toxicants that affect the haematological and renal systems and outlines principles for managing patients presenting with the consequences of intoxication.
Preanaesthetic screening in dogs and cats
Authors: Ferreira Jacques 
Published: May 2020

Background: Preparation before performing general anaesthesia is essential. In order to comprehensively plan and execute safe anaesthesia, it is vital to quantify anaesthetic risk. However, currently there is limited veterinary literature that collates anaesthetic‐related, patient‐related and procedural‐related risks.Aim of the article: This article highlights previously reported perioperative factors contributing to morbidity and mortality in small animals, as well as important considerations to factor in based on the patient history and findings on clinical examination. It also discusses the current opinions on blood screening and diagnostic imaging.
Clostridial diseases in farm animals: 1. Enterotoxaemias and other alimentary tract infections
Authors: Otter Arthur , Uzal Francisco A. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Clostridium species produce toxins that go on to produce a range of diseases in farm animals. Most of the animal diseases caused by clostridia are economically significant and there are vaccines available to protect animals against those that are most prevalent.Aim of the article: This article, the first in a two‐part series on clostridial diseases in farm animals, reviews clostridial enterotoxaemias caused by Clostridium perfringens, and other alimentary tract infections. The second part, which will be published in a subsequent issue of In Practice, will discuss the range of histotoxic and neurotoxic clostridial diseases that are recognised in farm animals.
Cyclodextrin Prevents Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm via Activation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Transcription Factor EB
Authors: Lu Haocheng , Sun Jinjian , Liang Wenying , Chang Ziyi , Rom Oren , Zhao Yang , Zhao Guizhen , Xiong Wenhao , Wang Huilun , Zhu Tianqing , Guo Yanhong , Chang Lin , Garcia-Barrio Minerva T. , Zhang Jifeng , Chen Y. Eugene , Fan Yanbo 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a severe aortic disease with a high mortality rate in the event of rupture. Pharmacological therapy is needed to inhibit AAA expansion and prevent aneurysm rupture. Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of autophagy and lysosome biogenesis, is critical to maintain cell homeostasis. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) TFEB in the development of AAA and establish TFEB as a novel target to treat AAA.

Methods:

The expression of TFEB was measured in human and mouse aortic aneurysm samples. We used loss/gain-of-function approaches to understand the role of TFEB in VSMC survival and explored the underlying mechanisms through transcriptome and functional studies. Using VSMC-selective
Tfeb
knockout mice and different mouse AAA models, we determined the role of VSMC TFEB and a TFEB activator in AAA in vivo.

Results:
We found that TFEB is downregulated in both human and mouse aortic aneurysm lesions. TFEB potently inhibits apoptosis in VSMCs, and transcriptome analysis revealed that TFEB regulates apoptotic signaling pathways, especially apoptosis inhibitor B-cell lymphoma 2. B-cell lymphoma 2 is significantly upregulated by TFEB and is required for TFEB to inhibit VSMC apoptosis. We consistently observed that TFEB deficiency increases VSMC apoptosis and promotes AAA formation in different mouse AAA models. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, a clinical agent used to enhance the solubility of drugs, activates TFEB and inhibits AAA formation and progression in mice. Last, we found that 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inhibits AAA in a VSMC TFEB–dependent manner in mouse models.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrated that TFEB protects against VSMC apoptosis and AAA. TFEB activation by 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of AAA.
What Can “inclusion” Mean in the post-human Era?
Authors: Naraian Srikala 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A humanist orientation has been foundational to recognizing the educational rights of students with disabilities and for ensuring access to mainstream schooling experiences. Humanism has also produced fissures within the scholarly community about what constitutes “best practices” for students with disabilities. This paper is a preliminary exploration of the affordances of posthumanism to deepen our understandings of inclusion. Weaving examples from schools, I examine posthumanist orientations that recognize material and non-material, human and non-human bodies as entangled in arrangements produced by/within particular relations with each other. I use data from schools to illustrate forms of reading stimulated by a posthumanist stance. I conclude with implications for the ethical commitments of inclusive education scholars and a call for becoming posthuman humans in our efforts to advance inclusion.
Concomitant management of renal calculi and recurrent ureteropelvic junction obstruction with percutaneous nephrolithotomy and antegrade balloon dilation
Authors: Wei Chunxiao , Wang Tengteng , Chen Shaoan , Ren Xiangbin , Chen Xiude 
Published: May 2020

Objective This study aimed to present our experience of concomitant management of renal calculi and recurrent ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and antegrade balloon dilation. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 31 patients who underwent PCNL and antegrade balloon dilation for treatment of renal calculi and recurrent UPJO. The inclusion criterion was the presence of UPJO after failed pyeloplasty with ipsilateral renal calculi. Success was defined as achievement of both symptomatic and radiographic resolution of any stones and obstruction. Results All operations were successful without grade III or higher postoperative complications. A stone-free status was observed in all patients and the overall success rate of the procedure was 87.1% (27/31). The success rate of the procedure was significantly higher in patients with mild or moderate preoperative hydronephrosis (96%) than in those with high-grade preoperative hydronephrosis (50%). Moreover, the success rate of the procedure was lower in patients with poor preoperative renal function (0%) than in those with good or moderate renal function (93.1%). Conclusion Combined PCNL and antegrade balloon dilation management represents a safe and effective approach for patients with renal calculi and recurrent UPJO after failed pyeloplasty.
“Belgrade to Belgradians, Not Foreign Capitalists”: International Statebuilding, Contentious Politics, and New Forms of Political Representation in Serbia
Authors: Džuverović Nemanja , Milošević Aleksandar 
Published: May 2020

This article belongs to a forthcoming special cluster, “Contention Politics and International Statebuilding in Southeast Europe” guest-edited by Nemanja Džuverovic, Julia Rone and Tom Junes. One of the main criticisms concerning the process of post-conflict transition in Serbia has been the lack of context sensitivity and participation of the local population in the decision-making process, especially regarding the most important issues that were addressed during the political and economic transformation of the country that began in 2001. This criticism became especially pronounced from the beginning of the economic crisis in 2008, when the negative characteristics of international statebuilding became even more apparent, causing increased dependency on international institutions and further economic marginalisation of the most vulnerable groups. By looking at the movement “Don’t Drown Belgrade” and the series of large-scale protests in Belgrade in 2016, the article seeks to explore the main reasons for social discontent with the international-led statebuilding agenda in post-conflict Serbian society and the local strategies employed to resist and subvert this form of statebuilding.
Peripherally inserted central catheters inserted with current best practices have low deep vein thrombosis and central line–associated bloodstream infection risk compared with centrally inserted central catheters: A contemporary meta-analysis
Authors: Schears Gregory J , Ferko Nicole , Syed Imran , Arpino John-Michael , Alsbrooks Kimberly 
Published: May 2020

Background: Peripherally inserted central catheters and centrally inserted central catheters have numerous benefits but can be associated with risks. This meta-analysis compared central catheters for relevant clinical outcomes using recent studies more likely to coincide with practice guidelines. Methods: Several databases, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and EBM Reviews were searched for articles (2006–2018) that compared central catheters. Analyses were limited to peer-reviewed studies comparing peripherally inserted central catheters to centrally inserted central catheters for deep vein thrombosis and/or central line–associated bloodstream infections. Subgroup, sensitivity analyses, and patient-reported measures were included. Risk ratios, incidence rate ratios, and weighted event risks were reported. Study quality assessment was conducted using Newcastle–Ottawa and Cochrane Risk of Bias scales. Results: Of 4609 screened abstracts, 31 studies were included in these meta-analyses. Across studies, peripherally inserted central catheters were protective for central line–associated bloodstream infection (incidence rate ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval: 0.30–0.92), with consistent results across subgroups. Peripherally inserted central catheters were associated with an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (risk ratio = 2.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.47–2.94); however, smaller diameter and single-lumen peripherally inserted central catheters were no longer associated with increased risk. The absolute risk of deep vein thrombosis was calculated to 2.3% and 3.9% for smaller diameter peripherally inserted central catheters and centrally inserted central catheters, respectively. On average, peripherally inserted central catheter patients had 11.6 more catheter days than centrally inserted central catheter patients ( p = 0.064). Patient outcomes favored peripherally inserted central catheters. Conclusion: When adhering to best practices, this study demonstrated that concerns related to peripherally inserted central catheters and deep vein thrombosis risk are minimized. Dramatic changes to clinical practice over the last 10 years have helped to address past issues with central catheters and complication risk. Given the lower rate of complications when following current guidelines, clinicians should prioritize central line choice based on patient therapeutic needs, rather than fear of complications. Future research should continue to consider contemporary literature over antiquated data, such that it recognizes the implications of best practices in modern central catheterization.