bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectonic significance of the Variscan suture between Brunovistulia and the Bohemian Massif
Authors: Collett Stephen , Štípská Pavla , Schulmann Karel , Míková Jitka , Kröner Alfred 
Published: December 2020

The Velké Vrbno Dome crops out at the boundary between the Brunovistulian Terrane and the internal parts of the Bohemian Massif. Here, eclogite boudins occur within an Ediacaran volcano-sedimentary sequence. Strong Nb depletion (Nb/Nb* = 0.19–0.82) combined with moderately positive Nd isotopic compositions (εNd
(i)
= +3.89 – +5.77) is used to argue for emplacement of the eclogite protoliths in a transitional supra-subduction to continental-rift setting. Conversely, heterogeneously enriched large ion lithophile elements and highly radiogenic Sr isotopic ratios (
87
Sr/
86
Sr = 0.705–0.720) are interpreted to have been modified following fluid infiltration subsequent to eclogite-facies metamorphism.

U–Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry dating of magmatic zircon from the rift-type eclogite indicates Early Cambrian emplacement (
c.
535 Ma) following episodic Ediacaran volcanic arc activity. Moreover, a continental setting is emphasized by zircon dating of a mylonitic orthogneiss, revealing a fragment of Palaeoproterozoic (
c.
2000 Ma) basement, the first such finding within the Brunovistulian Terrane
sensu stricto
.

The new data from eclogite confirm that rifting in this segment of Gondwana pre-dated the Ordovician opening of the Rheic Ocean and therefore that the suture between Brunovistulia and the rest of the Bohemian Massif likely represents the vestige of an older hyperextended basin or oceanic tract.

Supplementary material:
Previously unpublished single zircon evaporation ages from Ediacaran orthogneiss from the Velké Vrbno Dome (supplement A); detailed analytical methodology (supplement B); whole rock geochemical data (supplement C); and U-Pb LA-ICP-MS zircon data (supplement D) are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5233079
Will You Trust This TLS Certificate?
Authors: Ukrop Martin , Kraus Lydia , Matyas Vashek 
Published: December 2020

Flawed TLS certificates are not uncommon on the Internet. While they signal a potential issue, in most cases they have benign causes (e.g., misconfiguration or even deliberate deployment). This adds fuzziness to the decision on whether to trust a connection or not. Little is known about perceptions of flawed certificates by IT professionals, even though their decisions impact high numbers of end users. Moreover, it is unclear how much the content of error messages and documentation influences these perceptions.
To shed light on these issues, we observed 75 attendees of an industrial IT conference investigating different certificate validation errors. We also analyzed the influence of reworded error messages and redesigned documentation. We find that people working in IT have very nuanced opinions, with trust decisions being far from binary. The self-signed and the name-constrained certificates seem to be over-trusted (the latter also being poorly understood). We show that even small changes in existing error messages can positively influence resource use, comprehension, and trust assessment. At the end of the article, we summarize lessons learned from conducting usable security studies with IT professionals.
Mitochondria as a Novel Target for Cancer Chemoprevention: Emergence of Mitochondrial-targeting Agents
Authors: Huang Mofei , Myers Charles R. , Wang Yian , You Ming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCancer chemoprevention is the most effective approach to control cancer in the population. Despite significant progress, chemoprevention has not been widely adopted because agents that are safe tend to be less effective and those that are highly effective tend to be toxic. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel and effective chemopreventive agents, such as mitochondria-targeted agents, that can prevent cancer and prolong survival. Mitochondria, the central site for cellular energy production, have important functions in cell survival and death. Several studies have revealed a significant role for mitochondrial metabolism in promoting cancer development and progression, making mitochondria a promising new target for cancer prevention. Conjugating delocalized lipophilic cations, such as triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP+), to compounds of interest is an effective approach for mitochondrial targeting. The hyperpolarized tumor cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane potential allow for selective accumulation of TPP+ conjugates in tumor cell mitochondria versus those in normal cells. This could enhance direct killing of precancerous, dysplastic, and tumor cells while minimizing potential toxicities to normal cells.
Oxidized Lipoproteins Promote Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy Independent of Patient Obesity
Authors: Khojandi Niloufar , Kuehm Lindsey M. , Piening Alexander , Donlin Maureen J. , Hsueh Eddy C. , Schwartz Theresa L. , Farrell Kaitlin , Richart John M. , Geerling Elizabeth , Pinto Amelia K. , George Sarah L. , Albert Carolyn J. , Ford David A. , Chen Xiufen , Kline Justin , Teague Ryan M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Antitumor immunity is impaired in obese mice. Mechanistic insight into this observation remains sparse and whether it is recapitulated in patients with cancer is unclear because clinical studies have produced conflicting and controversial findings. We addressed this by analyzing data from patients with a diverse array of cancer types. We found that survival after immunotherapy was not accurately predicted by body mass index or serum leptin concentrations. However, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in serum was identified as a suppressor of T-cell function and a driver of tumor cytoprotection mediated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Analysis of a human melanoma gene expression database showed a clear association between higher HMOX1 (HO-1) expression and reduced progression-free survival. Our in vivo experiments using mouse models of both melanoma and breast cancer revealed HO-1 as a mechanism of resistance to anti-PD1 immunotherapy but also exposed HO-1 as a vulnerability that could be exploited therapeutically using a small-molecule inhibitor. In conclusion, our clinical data have implicated serum ox-LDL as a mediator of therapeutic resistance in patients with cancer, operating as a double-edged sword that both suppressed T-cell immunity and simultaneously induced HO-1–mediated tumor cell protection. Our studies also highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting HO-1 during immunotherapy, encouraging further translational development of this combination approach.
See article by Kuehm et al., p. 227
Jugular Vein Injection of High-Titer Lentiviral Vectors Does Not Transduce the Aorta—Brief Report
Authors: Bi Lianxiang , Wacker Bradley K. , Stamatikos Alexis , Sethuraman Meena , Komandur Kaushik , Dichek David A. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Efficient gene transfer to the vascular wall via intravenous vector injection would be useful for experimental vascular biology and gene therapy. Initial studies of lentiviral vector tropism suggested that intravenously injected vectors do not transduce murine vascular tissue; however, there are also reports of highly efficient aortic transduction after jugular vein injection of high-titer lentiviral vectors. We sought to reproduce these results.

Approach and Results:

We injected high-titer preparations of GFP (green fluorescent protein)-expressing lentiviral vector into jugular veins of 8 mice; 6 mice received vehicle only. Four days later, samples of aorta (thoracic and abdominal), liver, spleen, and other tissues were harvested and processed for quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection of vector DNA and immunohistochemical detection of GFP. Our vector DNA assay did not detect transduction of any of the 16 aortic segments. This finding excludes an aortic transduction efficiency of >0.02 vector copies per cell. In contrast, vector DNA was detected in all 8 spleen and liver extracts (median, 0.8 and 0.1 vector copies per cell, respectively;
P
<0.001 versus vehicle controls). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction signals from DNA extracted from heart, lung, kidney, skeletal muscle, and femoral artery did not differ from background polymerase chain reaction signals from DNA extracted from tissues of vehicle-injected mice (
P
≥0.7 for all). Immunohistochemistry revealed GFP in scattered cells in spleen and liver, not in aorta.

Conclusions:
Injection of high-titer lentiviral vectors via the jugular vein transduces cells in the spleen and liver but does not efficiently transduce the aorta.

Graphic Abstract:
A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Circadian Pattern of Ion Channel Gene Expression in Failing Human Hearts
Authors: McTiernan Charles F. , Lemster Bonnie H. , Bedi Kenneth C. , Margulies Kenneth B. , Moravec Christine S. , Hsieh Paishiun Nelson , Shusterman Vladimir , Saba Samir 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death show a circadian pattern of occurrence in patients with heart failure. In the rodent ventricle, a significant portion of genes, including some ion channels, shows a circadian pattern of expression. However, genes that define electrophysiological properties in failing human heart ventricles have not been examined for a circadian expression pattern.

Methods:
Ventricular tissue samples were collected from patients at the time of cardiac transplantation. Two sets of samples (n=37 and 46, one set with a greater arrhythmic history) were selected to generate pseudo-time series according to their collection time. A third set (n=27) of samples was acquired from the nonfailing ventricles of brain-dead donors. The expression of 5 known circadian clock genes and 19 additional ion channel genes plausibly important to electrophysiological properties were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and then analyzed for the percentage of expression variation attributed to a 24-hour circadian pattern.

Results:
The 5 known circadian clock gene transcripts showed a strong circadian expression pattern. Compared with rodent hearts, the human circadian clock gene transcripts showed a similar temporal order of acrophases but with a ≈7.6 hours phase shift. Five of the ion channel genes also showed strong circadian expression. Comparable studies of circadian clock gene expression in samples recovered from nonheart failure brain-dead donors showed acrophase shifts, or weak or complete loss of circadian rhythmicity, suggesting alterations in circadian gene expression.

Conclusions:
Ventricular tissue from failing human hearts display a circadian pattern of circadian clock gene expression but phase-shifted relative to rodent hearts. At least 5 ion channels show a circadian expression pattern in the ventricles of failing human hearts, which may underlie a circadian pattern of ventricular tachyarrhythmia/sudden cardiac death. Nonfailing hearts from brain-dead donors show marked differences in circadian clock gene expression patterns, suggesting fundamental deviations from circadian expression.
Judeo-Persian Elegies on the Death of Nāṣir al-Dīn Shāh (r. 1848–1896)
Authors: Moreen Vera B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Judeo-Persian manuscripts include many surprising and hitherto unstudied texts. Among them are a number of anonymous elegies on the death of Nāṣir al-Dīn Shāh (r. 1848–1896). This study focuses on the question of their authorship. Based on internal evidence, these poems, replete with textual problems and variants probably caused by oral transmission, were most likely penned by Muslim writers and copied into Judeo-Persian by Jews. For despite this monarch’s uneven and ineffective protection of Iran’s Jewish minority during his reign, some Jews had obviously been deeply moved by his assassination to the point of copying dirges likely in circulation after the Shāh’s death.
The genus Syspira Simon, 1895 (Araneae: Miturgidae) from Hispaniola, with the description of four new species
Authors: SÁNCHEZ-RUIZ ALEXANDER , DE LOS SANTOS GABRIEL , BRESCOVIT ANTONIO D. , BONALDO ALEXANDRE B. 
Published: December 2020

The species of Syspira Simon from Hispaniola are revised and detailed documentation is provided for all known species from this island. Four new species (Syspira alayoni sp. n., S. armasi sp. n., S. barbacoa sp. n., and S. bryantae sp. n.), and the unknown male of Syspira agujas Brescovit, Sánchez-Ruiz & Bonaldo are described. New distribution records were found for three known species (S. agujas, S. cimitarra Brescovit, Sánchez-Ruiz & Bonaldo and S. medialuna Brescovit, Sánchez-Ruiz & Bonaldo). The Hispaniolan endemic species Teminius monticola (Bryant, 1948) is transferred to Syspira based on the revision of its holotype. A key for Hispaniola Syspira species is provided. These species can be separated into two distinct groups based on features of the male palpal morphology and female genitalia: the cimitarra group including S. cimitarra, S. jimmyi Brescovit, Sánchez-Ruiz & Bonaldo, S. alayoni and S. barbacoa sp. n., and the agujas group including S. agujas, S. medialuna, S. monticola comb. n., S. armasi sp. n. and S. bryantae sp. n.
Estimating Error Variances of a Microwave Sensor and Dropsondes aboard the Global Hawk in Hurricanes Using the Three-Cornered Hat Method
Authors: Kren Andrew C. , Anthes Richard A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study estimates the random error variances and standard deviations (STDs) for four datasets: Global Hawk (GH) dropsondes (DROP), the High-Altitude Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) aboard the GH, the fifth European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA5), and the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model, using the three-cornered hat (3CH) method. These estimates are made during the 2016 Sensing Hazards with Operational Unmanned Technology (SHOUT) season in the environment of four tropical cyclones from August to October. For temperature and specific and relative humidity, the ERA5, HWRF, and DROP datasets all have similar magnitudes of errors, with ERA5 having the smallest. The error STDs of temperature and specific humidity are less than 0.8 K and 1.0 g kg−1 over most of the troposphere, while relative humidity error STDs increase from less than 5% near the surface to between 10% and 20% in the upper troposphere. The HAMSR bias-corrected data have larger errors, with estimated error STDs of temperature and specific humidity in the lower troposphere between 1.5 and 2.0 K and between 1.5 and 2.5 g kg−1. HAMSR’s relative humidity error STD increases from approximately 10% in the lower troposphere to 30% in the upper troposphere. The 3CH method error estimates are generally consistent with prior independent estimates of errors and uncertainties for the HAMSR and dropsonde datasets, although they are somewhat larger, likely due to the inclusion of representativeness errors (differences associated with different spatial and temporal scales represented by the data).
Phase Codes for Mitigating Ambiguities in Range and Velocity
Authors: Zrnić Dusan , Schvartzman David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe review cubic phase codes for mitigating ambiguities in range and velocity before introducing two specific codes. The two have periodicities of 5 and 7 samples for both the transmitted and the modulation code sequences. The short periods are suitable for generating codes of arbitrary length starting with about 15. We abbreviate the two codes with L5 and L7 and describe generation of the codes starting with kernels (i.e., minimum length sequences that repeat to generate the codes of desired lengths). The L5 modulation code produces 5 spectral replicas of the coded signal and the L7 produces 7. We apply the L7 code to a sinusoid and reveal spectra of the modulated signals from several ambiguous range intervals. Through simulation, we show application to weatherlike signals and construct examples whereby two weather signals and ground clutter are overlaid. Using theory, we define the operating region of the codes in the signal parameter space. The region covers a wide range of overlaid returned powers and spectrum widths; it is obtained from simulations involving the L codes and the SZ(8/64) code. The technique is effective in distinguishing the returns from two trip regions separated by no more than L − 2 ambiguous range intervals and reconstructing the corresponding spectral moments. The L5 and L7 codes protect from trip returns up to the fifth and seventh, making them suitable for short-wavelength (3 and 5 cm) radars as their PRTs must be relatively short to accommodate the expected spread of velocities in storms.
Meckel’s Diverticulum: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Survey in Adults Comparing Diverticulectomy and Small Bowel Resection
Authors: Brungardt Joseph G. , Cummiskey Brian R. , Schropp Kurt P. 
Published: December 2020

Background Meckel’s diverticulum is a congenital abnormality often associated with the pediatric population. When seen in the adult population, management is controversial. This study sought to determine demographic and outcome differences between diverticulectomy and small bowel resection in adults diagnosed with Meckel’s diverticulum. Methods An analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database (2015-2018) was performed, capturing patients with a postoperative diagnosis of Meckel’s diverticulum. Inclusion criteria included diverticulectomy or small bowel resection, and exclusion criteria included other major procedures such as colectomy or concomitant diverticulectomy and a small bowel resection. Demographics and outcomes were analyzed between those receiving diverticulectomy or resection. Results 506 patients undergoing surgical treatment of Meckel’s diverticulum were captured. The majority of these patients were white (79.05%), male (68.77%), and averaged 46 years old. The 2 populations were homogenous, with no significant differences in demographics or comorbidities between populations. Mean operative time was shorter in the diverticulectomy group than the resection group (68.92 ± 35.89 vs. 89.33 ± 40.16 minutes, P < .0001). There were no deaths at 30 days. Length of stay, readmission rate, wound infection, and discharge destination were similar among both groups. Discussion Our analysis of a national database reveals no difference in outcomes between patients receiving a diverticulectomy or resection for Meckel’s diverticulum. Operating time may be slightly increased for resection. However, decision to excise the diverticulum vs. the segment of small bowel should be individualized to each patient, their pathology, and clinical picture.
Prescribing Habits of Providers and Risk Factors for Nonadherence to Opioid Prescribing Guidelines
Authors: Ivanics Tommy , Nasser Hassan , Kandagatla Pridvi , Leonard-Murali Shravan , Jones Adam , Abouljoud Marwan , Gupta Arielle Hodari , Woodward Ann 
Published: December 2020

Background The Michigan Opioid Prescribing Engagement Network introduced guidelines in October 2017 to combat opioid overprescription following various surgical procedures. We sought to evaluate changes in opioid prescribing at our academic center and identify factors associated with nonadherence to recently implemented opioid prescribing guidelines. Methods This retrospective review analyzed opioid prescribing data for appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and hernia repair from January 2015 through September 2017 (pre-guidelines group) and November 2017 through December 2018 (post-guidelines group). October 2017 data were excluded to allow for guideline implementation. Opioid prescribing data were recorded as total morphine equivalents (TMEs). Results Of 1493 cases (903 pre-vs. 590 post-guidelines), the mean TME prescribed significantly decreased post-guidelines (231.9 ± 108.6 vs. 112.7 ± 73.9 mg; P < .01). More providers prescribed within recommended limits post-guidelines (2.8% vs. 44.8%; P < .01). On multivariable analysis, independent risk factors for guideline nonadherence were the American Society of Anesthesiologists class > 2 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:1.65, 95% confidence interval[CI] 1.09-2.49; P = .02), general surgery vs. acute care surgery service (AOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.15-3.10; P = .01), oxycodone vs. hydrocodone (AOR:1.90, 95% CI:1.06-3.41; P = .03), and nonphysician provider vs. resident prescriber (AOR:2.10, 95% CI:1.14-3.11; P < .01). Conclusions Opioid prescribing significantly reduced after the adoption of opioid prescribing guidelines at our institution. Numerous factors associated with provider guideline nonadherence may identify actionable targets to minimize opioid overprescribing further.
Single Center Experience With Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Parker Brandon M. , Menaker Jay , Berry Cherisse D. , Tesoreiero Ronald B. , O’Connor James V. , Stein Deborah M. , Scalea Thomas M. 
Published: December 2020

Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) use in patients following traumatic injury continues to increase. Some consider traumatic brain injury (TBI) as an absolute contraindication for VV-ECMO because of the concern for systemic anticoagulation (A/C) worsening intracranial injury. We evaluated outcomes and complications in patients with TBI treated with VV-ECMO. Methods We retrospectively reviewed TBI patients ≥ 18 years of age treated with VV-ECMO. The primary outcome was survival to discharge. Secondary outcomes included progression of intracranial hemorrhage, bleeding complications, and episodes of oxygenator thrombosis requiring exchange. Medians and interquartile ranges were reported where appropriate. Results 13 TBI patients received VV-ECMO support during the study period. The median age was 28 years (Interquartile range (IQR) 25-37.5) and 85% were men. Median admission Glasgow coma scale was 5 (IQR 3-13.5). Median injury severity score (ISS) was 48 (IQR 33.5-66). Median pre-ECMO PaO2:FiO2 ratio was 58 (IQR 47-74.5). Five (38.4%) patients survived to discharge. Six patients (46%) received systemic A/C while on ECMO. No patient had worsening of intracranial hemorrhage on computed tomography imaging. There were two bleeding complications in patients on A/C, neither was related to TBI. Four patients required an oxygenator change; 2 in patients on A/C. Conclusion VV-ECMO appears safe with TBI. We have demonstrated that A/C can be withheld without increased complications. Traumatic brain injury should not be considered an absolute contraindication to the use of VV-ECMO for severe respiratory failure and should be decided on a case by case basis. Additional research is needed to confirm these preliminary findings.