bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomes derived from stem cells from apical papilla promote craniofacial soft tissue regeneration through enhancing Cdc42-mediated vascularization
Authors: Liu Yao , Zhuang Xueying , Yu Si , Yang Ning , Zeng Jianhong , Chen Xu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Reconstruction of complex critical-size defects (CSD) in craniofacial region is a major challenge, and the soft tissue regeneration is crucial in determining the therapeutic outcome of craniofacial CSD. Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) are neural crest-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which are homologous to craniofacial tissue, and represent a promising source for craniofacial tissue regeneration. Exosomes, which contained compound bioactive contents, are the key factors of stem cell paracrine action. However, the roles of exosomes derived from SCAP (SCAP-Exo) in tissue regeneration are not fully understood. Here, we explored the effects and underlying mechanisms of SCAP-Exo on CSD in maxillofacial soft tissue. Methods: SCAP-Exo were isolated and identified by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The effects of SCAP-Exo on wound healing and vascularisation were detected by measuring wound area, histological and immunofluorescence analysis in the palate gingiva CSD of mice. Real-time live cell imaging and functional assays were used to assess the effects of SCAP-Exo on the biological functions of endothelial cells (ECs). Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of SCAP-Exo mediated ECs angiogenesis in vitro was tested by immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and Pull-Down assays. Finally, in vivo experiments were carried out to verify whether SCAP-Exo could affect the vascularisation and wound healing through Cdc42. Results: We showed that SCAP-Exo promoted tissue regeneration of palatal gingiva CSD by enhancing vascularisation in the early phase in vivo , and also indicated SCAP-Exo improved the angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro . Mechanistically, SCAP-Exo elevated cell migration by improving cytoskeletal reorganization of ECs via cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) signalling. Furthermore, we revealed that SCAP-Exo transferred Cdc42 into the cytoplasm of ECs, and the Cdc42 protein could be reused directly by the recipient ECs, which resulted in the activation of Cdc42 dependent filopodia formation and elevation of cell migration of ECs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that SCAP-Exo had a superior effect on angiogenesis and effectively promoted craniofacial soft tissue regeneration. These data provide a new option for SCAP-Exo to be used as a cell-free approach to optimize tissue regeneration in the clinic.
Association between the non-HDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese children and adolescents: a large single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Yang Shouxing , Zhong Jinwei , Ye Mengsi , Miao Lei , Lu Guangrong , Xu Changlong , Xue Zhanxiong , Zhou Xinhe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The non-HDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol (NHDLC/HDLC) ratio is closely related to a variety of dyslipidemia-related diseases. This study examined the relationship between the NHDLC/HDLC ratio and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) in children and adolescents.Methods: This cross-sectional survey included a total of 7,759 eligible Chinese children and adolescents (5,692 boys and 2,067 girls) who received routine medical examinations. The anthropometric and laboratory data of the subjects were collected. NAFLD was diagnosed by liver ultrasonography. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed on the NHDLC/HDLC ratio, NHDLC, HDLC and NAFLD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to compare the diagnostic significance of the above parameters for NAFLD.Results: The total prevalence of NAFLD was 4.36%, and the prevalence in boys was higher than that in girls (5.61% vs. 1.9%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of NAFLD was positively correlated with the NHDLC/HDLC ratio (P < 0.001). The binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the OR was 8.61 (95% CI, 5.90-12.57, P < 0.001) in tertile 3 (highest NHDLC/HDLC ratio) compared with tertile 1 (lowest NHDLC/HDLC ratio). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid (UA), total bilirubin (TB), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), the OR for tertile 3 (OR=1.83, 95% CI, 1.04-3.22, P = 0.035) was still significantly higher than that of tertile 1. The area under the curve (AUC) of the NHDLC/HDLC ratio of boys was 0.787, which was significantly greater than NHDLC and HDLC (0.719 and 0.726, P < 0.001). For girls, the AUC of the NHDLC/HDLC ratio was 0.763, which was also significantly greater than NHDLC (0.661, P < 0.001). The cutoff point of the NHDLC/HDLC ratio was 2.475 in boys and 2.695 in girls. In addition, the AUC of the NHDLC/HDLC ratio was 0.761 in subjects with normal ALT levels (ALT ≤ 40 U/L), which was significantly higher than NHDLC (0.680, P < 0.001) and HDLC (0.724, P = 0.007). For subjects with elevated ALT levels (ALT > 40 U/L), the AUC of the NHDLC/HDLC ratio (0.746) was also significantly greater than NHDLC (0.646, P < 0.001)Conclusions: The NHDLC/HDLC ratio was positively correlated with NAFLD in Chinese children and adolescents. It may serve as an effective indicator to help identify NAFLD in children and adolescents.
Endothelial progenitor cells promote osteogenic differentiation in co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells via the MAPK-dependent pathway
Authors: xu chu , liu haijie , he yuanjia , li yuanqing , he xiaoning 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The role of bone tissue engineering is to regenerate tissue using biomaterials and stem cell based approaches. Combination of two or more cell types is one of the strategies to promote bone formation. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may enhance the osteogenic properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and promote bone healing, this study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of EPCs on promoting osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Methods: MSCs and EPCs were isolated and co-cultured in Transwell chambers, the effects of EPCs on the regulation of MSC biological properties was investigated. Real-time PCR array and western blotting were performed to explore possible signaling pathways involved in osteogenesis. The expression of osteogenesis markers and calcium nodule formation was quantified by qRT-PCR, western blotting and Alizarin Red staining. Results: Results showed that MSCs exhibited greater alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increased calcium mineral deposition significantly when co-cultured with EPCs. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was involved in this process. p38 gene expression and p38 protein phosphorylation levels showed significant up-regulation in co-cultured MSCs. Silencing expression of p38 in co-cultured MSCs reduced osteogenic gene expression, protein synthesis, ALP activity and calcium nodule formation. Conclusions: These data suggest paracrine signaling from EPCs influence the biological function and promote MSCs osteogenic differentiation. Activation of the p38MAPK pathway may be the key to enhancing MSCs osteogenic differentiation via indirect interactions with EPCs.
Enhancing Cell Block Quality- A Comparative Study Of Formalin And Agar-Based Methods
Authors: Mishra Shruti , S. Kishore Kumar , Nag Dipanwita 
Published: November 2020

Background: There are not many studies conducted in India to compare cell block preparation methods with reagents and materials that are readily available in all laboratories. This study aimed to standardize and compare two simple cell block techniques, which can be done in low resource settings too. In the study, 35 cases of thyroid, lymph node, and breast were collected for both FNA and cell block preparation for six months.
Materials and Methods: There were separate passes given for both methods. A total of seventy cell blocks made using formalin and agar methods of preparation.
Results: We compared both the methods on technical and morphological levels. The formalin method was overall easy to perform and was yielding good morphological results in 98% cases, the only drawback being cell loss during handling and processing. While in the agar method, there was almost no cell loss, but it was more technically difficult and yielded poorer morphological results. A scoring system was made for cellularity: no cells = 0, hypo-cellular = 1+, hypo-cellular with tissue fragments = 2+, cellular = 3+.18 A score of 2+ and 3+ was scored by 31/35 formalin blocks and 28/35 agar blocks.
Conclusions: The sensitivity of both formalin and agar methods are almost comparable. However, the procedure of the formalin method is far more straightforward and user friendly. Moreover, it also provides a better architectural picture than the agar method.
Is Aerated Soft Drink and Packaged Juice Consumption an Independent Risk Factor to Cause Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Kunal Kukreja , Prateek Kinra , MS Tevatia 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:
There has been an increase in consumption of aerated sweetened soft drinks and packaged juices high in carbohydrates/fructose by humans across the globe. There have been various studies with contradictory inferences of association of chronic sweetened soft drink (rich in high fructose corn syrup) intake and NAFLD. This study was undertaken with the aim to determine the quantity, frequency, duration and type of sweet soft drinks /packaged fruit juices consumption in patients with NAFLD as compared to that in control population. Other objectives included assessment of the independent role of sweetened soft drinks as a risk factor for NAFLD in the absence of metabolic syndrome and to correlate the level of steatosis (objectively graded by ultrasonography) with the amount of intake of soft drinks in patients of NAFLD.
METHOD :
50 patients of NAFLD as diagnosed clinically and by ultrasonography were identified and compared with 50 age matched control population reporting to the hospital with ailments other than NAFLD. The presence or absence of metabolic syndrome was noted in all the patients. The history of soft drink intake was obtained from the patient under following heads: a) quantity consumed, b) type of soft drink/packaged juice consumed, c) period of ingestion and d) frequency of consumption.
RESULT :
The average monthly consumption, duration of consumption and the mean total sugar consumption of sweetened soft drinks / packaged juices were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD versus those in the control group (p=0.0002; <0.0001; p=0.002 respectively). The quantity and chronicity of intake correlated well with the grade of NAFLD. As the average monthly consumption and mean sugar consumption increased the grade of fatty liver on USG also increased (p= 0.004). A total of 11 patients out of all the 100 patients (study and control groups combined) had a daily intake of 150-300ml of SSD for a period ranging from 5 to 20 years. Two of these had grade I NAFLD whereas 9 had grade II-III NAFLD. Five of these 11 patients had a daily intake of 250ml or greater. All these 5 patients had grade II-III NAFLD documented on ultrasound findings.
Conclusion
The consumption of sweetened soft drinks and packaged juice is on the rise in India. The intake of these drinks is significantly higher in patients with NAFLD.
Lymphoepithelial Cyst, A Diagnostic Dilemma: Case Report
Authors: Gill Meenu , Chhabra Sonia , Singh Sunita , Mehrotra Dimple , Rawat Priyanka 
Published: November 2020

Lymphoepithelial cysts are benign, slowly growing unilocular or multilocular lesions that appear in the head and neck region. They are also called branchial cysts and occur due to lymphocyte induced cystic ductular dilatation. The confirmatory diagnosis is always made on histopathological examination after resection.
A 29 years old female patient presented to ENT department, Pt B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak with a soft to firm, non-tender, swelling in the submandibular region since 2 -3 days and was referred to Department of Pathology for FNAC on which a differential diagnosis of infected epidermoid cyst or squamous cell carcinoma was made and excision biopsy for confirmation and categorization was advised. The swelling was then excised and sent for histopathological examination and a final diagnosis of Lymphoepithelial cyst was made. The confirmatory diagnosis is always made postoperatively by histopathological examination. The treatment of a lymphoepithelial cyst is the surgical approach, which includes complete enucleation of the cyst. This is a case report of a lymphoepithelial cyst diagnosed on histopathology specimen for which differential of Infected cyst or Squamous cell carcinoma was given. The authors intend to highlight the importance of early histopathological diagnosis of Benign LEC as it has been reported to undergo malignant transformation
The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology Classification for Pulmonary Specimens : Application in Exfoliative Respiratory Cytology
Authors: Khari Pooja , Srivastava Sphruti , Mullick Shalini 
Published: November 2020

Background: Cytologic examination of specimens obtained from the respiratory tract is the primary and frequently used diagnostic technique in patients with respiratory symptoms or in those presenting with a pulmonary abnormality. Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of mortality in India. Hence, early diagnosis and effective treatment are keys to prolong the survival of lung cancer patients.

Methods: 100 consecutive samples were taken which included 66 samples of bronchial wash, 27 samples of brush and 7 samples of bronchoalveolar lavage. These were viewed independently by two pathologists to study the ease of applicability, reproducibility and role of Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology classification for pulmonary specimens.

Result: The classification and terminology scheme recommend a six-tiered system comprising of non-diagnostic, negative, atypical, neoplastic (benign and neoplasms of low malignant potential), suspicious and positive for malignancy. In our study 43% were non-diagnostic, 33% were negative, 10% were atypical, 6% were suspicious for malignancy and 8% were malignant.

Conclusion: This classification system of respiratory cytology is easy to apply and interpret with minimal inter-observer variation. Standardized classification and terminology system provide a framework for consistent inter-intra departmental and inter institutional communication of diagnostic, prognostic and management information needed for consistent and optimal patient care.
Prevalence of Terminal Duct Lobular Units in Nipple to Assess the Safety of Nipple Sparing Mastectomy
Authors: Punnoose Asha Peedikayil , Ramakrishnan Deepti , Thomas Kripa Susan 
Published: November 2020

Background: Nipple sparing mastectomy is widely used for both treatment and risk reduction of breast cancer. Terminal duct lobular units (TDLU) are considered as the basic reacting unit in all neoplastic lesions arising from the breast. TDLU is the basic anatomic unit of breast parenchyma, studies revealed that it also exists in the nipple whose frequency is not widely researched. Our objective is to study the frequency of TDLUs in nipple along with its location, number and association with age and laterality of breast.

Methods: The descriptive study involved entire submission of nipples from 191 consecutive therapeutic mastectomy specimens from a reputed cancer institute in India between January 2015 and June 2016. The nipple is divided into two parts, nipple papilla and nipple base and presence of TDLU were recorded separately.

Result: From the specimens submitted, 38% were observed to have TDLU in the nipple. While 45.2% were in the papillae and 26% in the base the remaining 28.8% were in both the papillae and base with maximum number of TDLU counted at 5 and mean age of subjects at 53.56 years, 57.5% from the left and 42.4% from the right breast respectively. There was no significant association between age (p= 0.59), laterality of breast (p = 0.37) with presence of TDLU whereas a significant negative linear correlation observed between age and number of TDLUs (r =-0.237, p=0.043).

Conclusion: Nipples show a high frequency of TDLU and is observed more in papilla than in the base.
Graphite paradox in Baikal geyserite paleovalley, Russia
Authors: Shumilova Tatyana G. , Danilova Yulia V. , Mayer Joachim , Isaenko Sergey I. , Danilov Boris S. , Ulyashev Vasily V. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Natural graphite, a polygenic mineral, is a product of regional, contact, impact metamorphism, and magmatic or fluid deposition. In fluid-deposited graphite, aqueous C-O-H systems play a special role in determining the characteristics of hydrothermal products by shifting the chemical equilibrium. From this viewpoint, the recently discovered carboniferous mineralization in the Baikal hydrothermalites has attracted increasing interest with regard to graphite crystallization under the influence of low-pressure low-temperature (LPLT) carboniferous H2O-rich fluids. Herein, we studied graphite mineralization in the geyserites and travertines of the Baikal geyserite paleovalley (Eastern Siberia, Russia) by applying a multitude of mineralogical studies. Optical, scanning, transmission electron, and atomic force microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and carbon isotopic composition analyses of graphite, carbonate carbon, and oxygen in both the hydrothermalites and host rocks were conducted. The obtained results revealed several peculiar features regarding the graphite in geyserites and travertines. We found that Baikal graphite, earlier predicted to be a product of hydrothermalites, generally occurs as a relict graphite of the host metamorphic rocks with partial in situ redeposition. The newly formed LPLT fluid-deposited graphite is characterized by micrometer- and submicrometer-sized idiomorphic crystallites overgrown on the relict metamorphic graphite seeds and between calcite sinter zones during the last stage of travertine formation. The results present additional valuable data for understanding the mechanism, range of the formation conditions, and typomorphism of fluid-deposited graphite with probable crystallization from carbon solution in the C-O-H system at LPLT conditions.
Using technology for formative assessment in food preservation learning
Authors: Yuliani Nani , Sugiarti Yatti - , Rahayu Dwi Lestari 
Published: November 2020

Abstract The research aims to determine the cognitive and affective aspects of learning outcomes on food preservation learning that applies formative assessment using Plickers app. The study used quasi experimental method with non equivalent control group design. The research sample consisted of 22 students as an experimental class and 22 students as a control class. Measurement of learning outcomes of cognitive aspects was based on the reults of the pretest and posttest. Measurement of learning outcomes for affective aspects was based on the results of assessment of indicators of visual, verbal, listening, drawing, writing, motor, mental, and emotional activity. The results showed that the experimental group that implemented formative assessment using the Plickers app had cognitive learning outcomes better than the control class. The average score of the N-Gain experiment class was 0.486 (in the medium category), while the control class was 0,266 (in the low category). The average results of the indicators assessment of affective aspects on the experiment class was in a very good category whereas the control class was in a good category. Applying formative assessments with the Plickers app not only provides assessments but also increases student learning activities and involvement in the learning process. Penilaian formatif menggunakan teknologi pada materi pengawetan bahan panganPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar pada aspek kognitif dan afektif siswa pada pembelajaran materi pengawetan bahan pangan yang menerapkan formative assessment menggunakan aplikasi Plickers. Penelitian menggunakan quasi experimental method dengan non equivalent control group design. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 22 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan 22 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Pengukuran hasil belajar aspek kognitif dilakukan berdasarkan hasil pre-test dan post-test. Pengukuran hasil belajar aspek afektif didasarkan pada hasil penilaian indikator aktivitas visual, lisan, mendengarkan, menggambar, menulis, motorik, mental, dan emosional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelas eksperimen yang menerapkan formative assessment menggunakan aplikasi Plickers memiliki hasil belajar pada aspek kognitif yang lebih baik dari kelas kontrol. Nilai rata-rata N-Gain kelas eksperimen adalah 0,486 (kategori sedang) sedangkan pada kelas kontrol adalah 0,266 (kategori rendah). Rata-rata penilaian indikator hasil belajar aspek afektif kelas eksperimen berada pada kategori sangat baik sedangkan kelas kontrol berada pada kategori baik. Penerapan penilaian formatif dengan aplikasi selain memberikan penilaian juga meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dan keterlibatan siswa.
Hubungan antara efikasi diri dengan keterampilan komunikasi siswa
Authors: Astuti Budi , Pratama Anggi Idwar 
Published: November 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara efikasi diri dan keterampilan komunikasi siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian korelasional. Populasi pada penelitian ini ialah siswa SMP Islam Al Azhar 26 Yogyakarta kelas VII A, VII B, VII C, VIID, VII E, VII F dan VII G. Penelitian ini melibatkan seluruh populasi siswa kelas VII dengan jumlah 124 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan skala efikasi diri dan skala keterampilan komunikasi yang diadaptasi. Realibilitas skala efikasi diri 0,91 dan realibillitas skala keterampilan komunikasi 0,89. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara efikasi diri dengan keterampilan komunikasi siswa. Hasil korelasi diperoleh 0.208 yang berada pada koefesien korelasi antara 0.20-0.399 termasuk memiliki tingkat hubungan rendah. Masih ada faktor-faktor lain yang memiliki hubungan dengan keterampilan komunikasi. Tingkat efikasi diri siswa termasuk dalam kategori sedang sebanyak 94 siswa (76%). Tingkat keterampilan komunikasi siswa termasuk dalam kategori sedang sebanyak 82 siswa (66%). Hasil penelitian ini memberikan implikasi terhadap guru bimbingan dan konseling untuk memberikan intervensi-intervensi yang tepat agar keterampilan komunikasi siswa dapat meningkat dengan efikasi diri yang memadai. The relationship between self-efficacy and student communication skillsThis study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and student communication skills. The research method used is a quantitative approach to the type of correlational research. The population in this study were students of Al Azhar 26 Yogyakarta Islamic Middle School class VII A, VII B, VII C, VIID, VII E, VII F and VII G. This study involved the entire population of grade VII students with a total of 124 students. Data collection techniques using self-efficacy scales and communication skills scales were adapted. The reliability of the self-efficacy scale was 0.91 and the reliability of the communication skills scale was 0.89. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and student communication skills. The correlation results obtained 0.208 which is at the correlation coefficient between 0.20-0.399 at the low level of relationship. There are still other factors that have a relationship with communication skills. The level of student self-efficacy is included in the moderate category of 94 students (76%). The level of student communication skills is included in the moderate category of 82 students (66%). The results of this study have implications for teacher guidance and counseling to provide appropriate interventions so that students' communication skills can be improved with adequate self-efficacy.